PMID- 6780119 TI - Labile hypertension and jogging: new diagnostic tool or spurious discovery? AB - A labile hypertensive black man reviews his own personal history of hypertension, based on intensive self-study. The evidence suggests that aerobic isotonic exercise (jogging) depresses labile pressure values, forcing them down to near basal levels and preventing a rise to previous blood pressure levels for several hours. PMID- 6780120 TI - Communicating with deaf patients. PMID- 6780121 TI - Facial palsy. PMID- 6780122 TI - A post-Christmas carol. PMID- 6780123 TI - Asbestos--can it be used safely? PMID- 6780124 TI - Parasites and piranhas: a journey round Guyana. PMID- 6780125 TI - Breast cancer trials--a new initiative. PMID- 6780126 TI - Cancer of the cervix and screening. PMID- 6780127 TI - Voluntary chlorine inhalation. PMID- 6780128 TI - The psychiatrically violent patient. PMID- 6780129 TI - Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6780130 TI - Legionnaires' disease: further evidence to implicate water storage and distribution systems as sources. PMID- 6780131 TI - Medical education, manpower, and unemployment. PMID- 6780132 TI - Heartening change in doctors' attitudes. PMID- 6780133 TI - Age-related changes in the concentrations of cytosol receptors for sex steroid hormones in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of the rat. AB - Estrogen and androgen receptors were measured in cytosols from hypothalamus, pituitary and uterus or prostate of rats at 3 stages in life, from 90 to 650 days old in females and from 90 to 550 days old in males. Saturation analysis of cytosol 17 beta-estradiol receptors in females demonstrated a significant age associated reduction in maximum binding capacity in hypothalamus and uterus already at 300-330 days of life, but there was no significant change in pituitary gland. However, there was no difference in binding affinity, steroid specificity, sedimentation coefficient, chemical nature and heat lability of cytosol 17 beta estradiol binding of these tissues among the 3 age groups. In males, each receptor for 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone was isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation from hypothalamic, pituitary and prostate cytosols. These receptors showed the same sedimentation coefficient of 8-9S in all age groups. Androgen binding by cytosols already decreased at 300 330 days of life, but estrogen binding was lower at 500-550 days of life than in younger adults. The increase in the serum luteinizing hormone level after gonadectomy was significantly depressed with aging in both females and males. These findings suggested that the age-associated reduction in cytosol sex steroid hormone receptors was ascribable to changes of numbers of binding sites. These age-related changes may be concerned with feedback system dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in aged rats. PMID- 6780134 TI - [Rickettsia prowazeki in nature. Experimental verification through the years]. PMID- 6780136 TI - Evaluating the mouth and the hypopharynx during the routine physical examination. PMID- 6780135 TI - Brain tumors in children. AB - Brain tumors are relatively common cancers among children, just as they are among adults. Unlike the tumors of adults, however, they have a predilection for the posterior fossa. The most common types of tumors among children are astrocytomas, ependymomas, and medulloblastomas. The definitive diagnosis of these lesions can usually be made with relative ease by CT scans of the brain. Treatment typically consists of the surgical removal of all or as much tumor as possible, followed by radiation therapy, and occasionally also by chemotherapy with one of the nitrosoureas combined with vincristine and/or other antitumor drugs. Recurrence free survival may be expected for about half of the children past infancy who develop brain tumors. The substantial progress recently made in both the diagnosis and treatment of brain tumors in childhood has heightened, not diminished, the clinical responsibilities of primary care clinicians throughout the management of this disease. Since tumor-free survival so heavily depends upon an early diagnosis, a high index of suspicion must be maintained for commonplace non-specific symptomatology. The primary physician must pursue critical aspects of the medical history at the first suggestion of an atypical course. A skillful physical examination is then needed to detect subtle clinical signs that are indicators for the prompt performance of definitive diagnostic tests. Further, since there are now so many therapeutic modalities that can be brought into the comprehensive management of children with brain tumors, the primary clinician should maintain close contact with the patient not only to provide medical and psychological support, but also to monitor the clinical response or side effects of therapeutic agents and to serve as the patient advocate at times of great personal and family need. PMID- 6780137 TI - Screening for and staging of cancer: a statement by the American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging and End Results Reporting. PMID- 6780138 TI - DES update. Interview by Arthur I. Holleb. PMID- 6780139 TI - Radiation therapy for the aging patient. PMID- 6780140 TI - A personal tribute to Shields Warren, M.D. (1898-1980). PMID- 6780141 TI - Classics in oncology. Effects of radiation on normal tissues: Shields Warren M.D. PMID- 6780142 TI - Cancer statistics, 1981. PMID- 6780143 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: a review and recent developments. PMID- 6780144 TI - Women's occupations, smoking, and cancer and other diseases. PMID- 6780145 TI - Smoking: the ticking time-bomb for teenage girls. PMID- 6780146 TI - An approach to evaluation of sexual problems in the cancer patient. PMID- 6780147 TI - Cancer management, the clergy, and the human spirit. PMID- 6780148 TI - Medicine by proxy? PMID- 6780149 TI - Twelve-year remission of polycythemia vera following Hodgkin's disease and chemotherapy. AB - Polycythemia vera is a condition characterized by the overproduction of red blood cells, and in many cases of leukocytes and platelets as well, in the absence of hypoxia or other known inciting factors. The association of polycythemia vera and acute leukemia is well known, but the author is unaware of prior reports of polycythemia vera and Hodgkin's disease concurrent in the same patient. PMID- 6780150 TI - Local excision and primary radiation therapy for early breast cancer. PMID- 6780151 TI - A monolog on analogs: in vitro effects of vitamin D metabolites and consideration of the mineralization question. PMID- 6780152 TI - Regulation of calcium-binding protein messenger RNA by 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. AB - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol modulates the synthesis of the intestinal calcium binding protein. To determine if this effect is due to an increase in calcium binding protein mRNA activity, we measured total cytoplasmic protein-specific mRNA activity from chick intestine in an in vitro wheat germ translation system. 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol enhances calcium-binding protein specific mRNA activity. The sterol does not induce a general increase in mRNA synthesis since the concentration of only a few proteins increased. Thus 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol regulates only a subset of genes and specifically affects a transcriptional process involving calcium-binding protein synthesis. PMID- 6780153 TI - Mixed-function oxidases of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in isolated chick kidney glomeruli: evidence for nuclear localization. AB - Pure chick kidney glomeruli and proximal tubular fragments have been isolated by graded sieving through nylon screens. Electron micrographs revealed that, in distinct contrast to proximal epithelial cells, the glomerular epithelial and endothelial cells are essentially devoid of mitochondria. Glomeruli as well as proximal tubular fragments contain the 1 alpha- and 24R-hydroxylases of 25 hydroxycholecalciferol. The level of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity was the same in both segments of the nephron. However, the tubular fragments contained twice the 24R-hydroxylase activity found in glomeruli. Glomerular nuclei were purified by sucrose gradient sedimentation and used to confirm the association of the 1 alpha hydroxylase with this kidney organelle. Almost all of the glomerular 1 alpha hydroxylase activity was found in the nuclear fraction. Two metabolites, which are produced predominantly by the nuclei, are designated N-1 and N-2. Their structural identity remains unknown. The novel presence of the 1 alpha hydroxylase in the glomerulus may be important in defining the etiology of bone diseases in patients with glomerulonephritis and similar disorders. PMID- 6780154 TI - Inhibition of active bone resorption by copper. AB - An investigation of the role of copper in bone metabolism was undertaken. Explanted calvaria from 6-day-old mice were grown for 48 h in medium with and without the addition of copper sulfate. Active resorption was found to be significantly inhibited in the presence of copper sulfate concentrations of 10( 6)M and above. Copper sulfate concentrations of 10(-5)M and above inhibited hydroxyproline, protein, and DNA synthesis. Lower concentrations wee ineffective. The effect of 5 X 10(-6)M copper sulfate on resorption was reversible. Several other compounds were tested for similar effects and at 5 X 10(-6)M were found to inhibit bone resorption in the order: copper sulfate greater than brown gold chloride greater than sodium aurothiomalate greater than zinc sulfate greater than sodium sulfate. The copper sulfate effect was twice that of sodium aurothiomalate, and sodium sulfate was not significantly inhibitory. The results suggest that the high serum copper levels associated with rheumatoid arthritis may reflect the activity of a hypothetical control mechanism of bone resorption. In the diseased state this would act to restore the normal rate of bone resorption. PMID- 6780155 TI - Normalization of bone mineral content to height, weight, and lean body mass: implications for clinical use. AB - The main object of the present study was to reduce the large biological variation in forearm bone mineral content (BMC) by correction for individual variation in gross morphology. In 315 normal females aged 45--54 years, determinations of height, weight, and 24-h urinary creatinine excretion rates were performed, and lean body mass was calculated, BMC was measured by photon absorptiometry on both forearms. BMC was correlated to height (r = 0.19, P less than 0.01), to weight (r = 0.09, P greater than 0.05), to lean body mass (r = 0.15, P less than 0.05), and to creatinine excretion rate (r = 0.29, P less than 0.001). The biological variation in BMC of the 315 females was for raw BMC 15.8%; after correction of BMC for height 15.5%, for weight 15.8%, for lean body mass 15.6%, and for creatinine excretion rate 15.2%. Regression analysis with two independent variables (creatinine excretion and height or weight) increased in both cases the correlation coefficient to 0.32 and decreased the interindividual coefficient of variation of BMC to 15.0%. For diagnostic purposes BMC must be corrected for age and sex, but further corrections seem of minimal benefit. PMID- 6780156 TI - Thallium chondrodystrophy in chick embryos: ultrastructural changes in the epiphyseal plate. AB - Using the transmission electron microscope, we sought to describe the morphology of thallium sulfate-induced chondrodystrophy in chick embryos. There was cell death and degeneration in all zones of growth cartilage, but the cells and matrix of the hypertrophic zone were the most severely affected. Ultrastructural changes of the hypertrophic chondrocytes consisted of alteration of the cytoplasmic contents and of the intercellular matrix; the cell membrane was smooth and without cytoplasmic extensions. The cytoplasm was filled with dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuoles of varying sizes and contents, and lipidlike bodies with electron-dense granules; mineral crystals, collagen, and degenerating mitochondria were present. The matrix showed only spotty calcification and a reduced number of dense bodies, vesicles, and granules. The cells appeared to have failed to exteriorize cell products across the plasmalemma. Failure to exteriorize cell products and to form cytoplasmic processes reduced the number of potential nucleation sites for calcification. The ultrastructure of osteocytes was much less affected. PMID- 6780157 TI - Fate of mineralized and demineralized osseous implants in cranial defects. AB - We have evaluated the fate of mineralized osseous implants placed into cranial defects in rats. By 2 weeks, 100% of the defects that had been filled with demineralized bone powder (DBP, 75-250 micrometer) showed bony repair as judged by histomorphometric analysis and incorporation of 45Ca. The DBP was not appreciably resorbed but rather was amalgamated within the new bone. Histomorphometric evaluation of osteo-genesis induced by equal masses of demineralized bone powders of various particle sizes (less than 75, 75-250, 250 450 micrometer) revealed that the smaller particles induced more bone per field than did the larger particles. In contrast, mineralized bone powder (BP) was completely resorbed by 3 weeks, without bony repair of the cranial defect. These specimens contained large multinucleated cells within 7 days and completely resorbed by 3 weeks. It is concluded that (a) demineralized bone powder predictably induces a osteogenic healing of cranial defects, (b) demineralized bone powder is not appreciably resorbed prior to bone induction, (c) the extent of bone induction is a function of the surface area of the demineralized bone implant, and (d) mineralized bone powder undergoes obligatory resorption. PMID- 6780158 TI - The collagen crosslinking in the hypophosphatemic male mouse. AB - In order to evaluate the influence of bone mineralization on collagen metabolism, the bone collagen crosslinks were determined in femur diaphyses of mice with X linked hypophosphatemia and of control littermates. No quantitative difference could be elicited between the two groups. It was also noted that in the mouse, cortical bone maturation is accompanied by a slight increase in the number of reducible crosslinks. PMID- 6780159 TI - Some properties of the organic matrix of a bovine cortical bone sample in various media. AB - Dimensional stability of a demineralized bovine cortical bone sample was found in all media whether EDTA, saline or ethanol and water solutions or even 100% ethanol. A 6% volume shrinkage was observed, in strong contrast to the reported swelling for tail tendon fiber collagen. Sonic velocity was strongly dependent on the state and the medium, varying by a factor greater than 2. The medium appears to contribute strongly to the observed velocity suggesting that the Reuss formalism is applicable with the solid collagen skeleton as one component and the liquid in the pores as the second. Sonic anisotropy was noted although the intensity varied. The radial to axial velocity was greatest (0.93) in saline and least in 100% ethanol (0.80) indicating that the rigidity of the tissue influenced the character of sonic propagation. Two sets of intermolecular linkages are inferred. One set, in common with tendon collagen, controls the elastic properties. A second set in bone collagen maintains dimensional stability. PMID- 6780160 TI - Effects of fluoride on human enamel and selachian enameloid in vitro: a high resolution TEM and electron diffraction study. AB - The effects of fluoride on human enamel and selachian enameloid in vitro were visualized in TEM and analyzed with electron diffraction. It is demonstrated that under precise pH conditions, inducing concentration balance between F-ions and apatite, calcium fluoride is no longer formed, and crystalline changes occur instead. A secondary growing process, inducing a twofold increase in crystal size, involves all crystal faces, altering the hexagonal symmetry. It is suggested that the mechanism involved is not a dissolution/precipitation process but rather a secondary growth of residual crystallites induced by apatite dissolution. PMID- 6780161 TI - Studies on incorporation of mannose into rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for precursor forms in rough membranes. AB - Rats were given pulse injections of D-[14C]mannose and were killed at various times up to 60 min after injection. Rough, smooth, and Golgi fractions were prepared from liver, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein was isolated from Lubrol extracts of the fractions. The kinetics of incorporation of D-[14C]mannose into total protein, Lubrol protein, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein showed that proteins associated with rough fractions had particularly high specific radioactivities at early times of incorporation. One explanation for the kinetic data is that glycoproteins contain a high mannose content at early times of assembly of oligosaccharide chains. This idea was confirmed in the case of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by isolation of a high mannose containing precursor species of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein from rough fractions of liver. This species contained 56 residues of hexose (mainly mannose) compared with 35 residues of hexose (roughly equal amounts of mannose and galactose) which are found in the native protein. It is proposed that the high mannose precursor is a form of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein that exists at an early stage in assembly of the glycoprotein and which contains largely unprocessed carbohydrate chains. In addition, evidence is presented from amino acid analyses and gel electrophoresis of the high mannose precursor and another fraction from which it is formed by limited tryptic treatment, that pro-forms of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein with extensions of the polypeptide chain may also exist. PMID- 6780162 TI - Membrane orientation of sheep spectrin. AB - Based primarily on studies of human erythrocytes, current theories of the structure and organization of erythrocyte membrane localize spectrin to the membrane cytoplasmic surface. Affinity purified anti-sheep spectrin antibodies were used in indirect immunofluorescence studies of intact erythrocytes from various vertebrate species and inside-out and right-side-out impermeable sheep erythrocyte vesicles. This investigation detected immunologically reactive external and potentially transmembranal determinant(s) of the sheep erythrocyte spectrin "assembly." Parallel studies using anti-sheep and anti-human spectrin antibodies, as well as 125I surface-labelling studies of intact sheep and human erythrocytes, indicated that this particular membrane orientation of spectrin was evident in sheep but not in human erythrocytes. Antisera containing antibodies to the external portion of this spectrin "assembly" demonstrated external fluorescence to a variable degree on some, but not all, vertebrate erythrocytes surveyed, confirming that the sheep erythrocyte was not the only exception. It is suggested that there may be subtle species variability in the intermolecular associations of the spectrin "assembly" with(in) the erythrocyte membrane not requiring alterations of the spectrin molecule itself. PMID- 6780163 TI - Chloramphenicol-resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa defective in amino acid transport. AB - High-level chloramphenicol (CM) resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated after culture of the wild-type (WT) strain in broth containing high concentration of the drug. These variants exhibit reduced ability to accumulate several amino acids. The extent of reduction in transport capacity is a function of the concentration of CM in which the variants are grown. Respiratory activity is not reduced in these strains. Amino acid uptake is not affected by the presence of CM during assay. An isogenic strain carrying a plasmid coding for CM resistance does not show this response to CM. Transport capacity is restored to the WT level in CM-sensitive revertants. These results suggest that the acquisition of CM resistance in P. aeruginosa is associated with a fundamental alteration in membrane permeability which is regulated by metabolism in the presence of the drug. The ramifications of this for the study of CM action and resistance are discussed. PMID- 6780164 TI - The effect of amphipaths on the flavin-linked aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli. AB - When assayed by the phenazine methosulphate coupled 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay, the flavin-linked aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli strain 7 showed a marked loss of activity if depleted of detergent, and this activity could be reconstituted with amphipaths. However, enzyme activity, as measured by the ferricyanide reduction assay, showed no loss of activity upon detergent depletion. Cross-linking studies indicated that amphipath was not inducing any significant quaternary structural change in the enzyme. Flavin fluorescence titration experiments indicated a single type of binding site for glycerol 3 phosphate whose affinity was unaffected by the presence of amphipath; apparent Kd values of 19.5 and 17.1 mM were measured in the presence and absence of amphipath, respectively. The Michaelis-Menten constants for DL-glycerol 3 phosphate, as measured by the phenazine methosulphate coupled MTT and ferricyanide reduction assays in the presence of amphipath, were found to be 1.9 and 10.2 mM, respectively. Cupric ions were found to specifically inhibit the phenazine methosulphate coupled MTT reducing activity while zinc ions inhibited the ferricyanide reducing activity. Circular dichroic studies provided initial evidence for a conformation change in the presence of the nonionic detergent Brij 58 and this was substantiated by quenching of tryptophan fluorescence at concentrations of Brij 58 equivalent to those needed to stimulate activity. We conclude from these studies that amphipaths may specificity induce a phenazine methosulphate binding site thus permitting reduction of this electron acceptor. PMID- 6780165 TI - The influence of various lipids on the activity of bovine milk galactosyltransferase. AB - Purified bovine milk galactosyltransferase was combined with liposomes of different lipid composition. The activity was markedly affected by the nature of the lipid used. Thus phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol stimulated the activity, while phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylserine inhibited the activity of the transferase. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid had identical fatty acid compositions, yet phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol stimulated the activity while phosphatidic acid inhibited the activity. The effect on the enzyme was probably related to the nature of the head group since the inhibition by phosphatidic acid could be converted to stimulation by methylating the phosphatidic acid. The properties of several of the head groups is discussed. The physical state of the lipid was shown to affect the activity markedly. When the enzyme was combined with dimyristylphosphatidylcholine the activity was markedly stimulated when the lipid was in the liquid-crystalline state i.e., above the phase transition. PMID- 6780166 TI - Peptide models for protein-mediated cation transport. AB - Substances which can perturb the transmembrane cation balance in a predictable manner have wide-ranging uses in the study of cellular processes. We have undertaken to examine transmembrane calcium transport on the molecular level through the design and synthesis of a series of ionophoric peptides as models for protein-mediated calcium transport. General mechanisms for carrier-mediated membrane transport are discussed. Cation transport profiles are presented for transport by synthetic peptides of structure cyclo(Glu(OR)-Sar-Gly-(N-R1)-Gly)2, where R = benzyl ester or H; R1 = n-decyl or cyclohexyl. Transport of physiologically abundant cations across "liquid membranes" in Pressman cells mediated by cyclo(Glu-Sar-Gly-(N-decyl)Gly)2 was observed to be essentially calcium specific, as long as calcium ions were present in the system. Multilamellar and unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles were each found to be emptied of internal 45Ca2+ ions upon addition of cyclo(Glu(OBz)-Sar-Gly-(N cyclohexyl)Gly)2 to the vesicle suspension. The results are compared with the naturally occurring calcium ionophore A23187. PMID- 6780167 TI - Purification and stabilization of galactosyltransferase from serum and lysolecithin extracted microsomes. PMID- 6780168 TI - Localization of the dicarboxylate binding protein in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Examination of the localization of the dicarboxylate binding protein (DBP) in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli K12 reveals that this protein is present on the cell surface, and also in the inner and outer regions of the periplasmic space. The cell surface DBP is release by treating the cells with EDTA. This protein can be surface labeled by lactoperoxidase radioiodination, and by diazo[125I]iodosulfanilic acid in whole cells. It also binds tightly, but not covalently, to lipopolysaccharide. The DBP located in the outer region of the periplasmic space is released when the outer membrane is dissociated by EDTA osmotic shock treatment. The DBP located in the inner region of the periplasmic space is released only when the EDTA-osmotic shocked cells are subjected to lysozyme treatment. At the moment, it is not certain whether this protein is bound to or trapped by the peptidoglycan network. This protein cannot be surface labeled in whole cells or in EDTA-osmotic shock treated cells; and it is not associated with lipopolysaccharide. Analysis of transport mutants indicates that these DBP are coded by the same gene. PMID- 6780169 TI - ADP-ribosylation of rye histones. AB - Chromatin from etiolated rye seedlings synthesized protein-bound, acid-insoluble material from [3H]NAD, presumably poly(ADP-ribose). [3H]ADP-ribosylated histone fractions were isolated from crude chromatin and characterized by gel electrophoresis and exclusion chromatography. It was found that histone H2B was the main acceptor, that H2A and H1 were modified to a lesser extent, and that H3 and H4 were only slightly modified. The average chain length on purified histones was 2.5 units of polymer. PMID- 6780170 TI - A comparison of the citrate synthases of Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter anitratum. AB - Citrate synthase has been purified to homogeneity from a strain of the Gram negative aerobic bacterium Acinetobacter anitratum in a form which retains its sensitivity to the allosteric inhibitor NADH. In subunit size, amino acid composition, and antigenic reactivity the enzyme shows a marked structural resemblance to the citrate synthase of the Gram-negative facultative anaerobe Escherichia coli. Whereas the E. coli enzyme is subject to a strong, hyperbolic inhibition by NADH (Hill's number n = 1.0, Ki = 2 microM), the A. anitratum enzyme shows a weak, sigmoid response (n = 1.6, I0.5 = 140 microM) to this nucleotide. With E. coli, NADH inhibition is competitive with acetyl-CoA, and noncompetitive with oxaloacetate; with A. anitratum, NADH is noncompetitive with both substrates. Acinetobacter anitratum citrate synthase shows hyperbolic saturation with acetyl-CoA (n = 1.8). The finding of Weitzman and Jones (Nature (London) 219, 270 (1968) that NADH inhibition of the enzyme from Acinetobacter spp. is reversible by AMP, while that from E. coli is not, is explained by the much greater affinity of the E. coli enzyme for NADH. Unlike E. coli citrate synthase, the A. anitratum enzyme does not react with the sulfhydryl reagent 5,5' dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) in the absence of denaturation. With a second sulfhydryl reagent, 4,4'-dithiodipyridine (4,4'-PDS), the A. anitratum enzyme reacts with 1 equiv. of subunit; this modification induces a partial activity loss (attributable to a arise in the Km for acetyl-CoA) and an increase in the sensitivity to NADH. With the E. coli enzyme, 4,4'-PDS causes complete inactivation. Acinetobacter anitratum citrate synthase is much more resistant to urea denaturation than the E. coli enzyme is; the resistance of both enzymes to urea is greatly improved in the presence of 1 M KCl. It is suggested that the amino acid sequences of the subunits of the citrate synthases of these two bacteria are about 90% homologous, and that the 10% differences are in key residues, perhaps largely in the subunit contact regions, which account for the differences in allosteric properties. PMID- 6780171 TI - Fractionation and Ca uptake studies on membranes of rabbit longitudinal and circular intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 6780172 TI - Plasmid-borne resistance to ultraviolet light and phage in Streptococcus faecalis ssp. zymogens. AB - A plasmid of molecular weight 38.5 X 10(6) that is found in a number of enterococci and carries genetic markers for lysin production was found also to carry genes for resistance to bacteriophage SFL as well as to ultraviolet light. PMID- 6780173 TI - Partial characterization of Pseudomonas phage 2 receptor. AB - The lipopolysacharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BI contains the receptors for phage 2 and strongly inactivates this phage in vitro (95-98% within 15 min). Several mono- and di-saccharides tested reduced phage 2 inactivation to 50% when present at the following concentrations: D-glucosamine, 0.25 M; maltose, 0.3M; lactose and cellobiose, 0.5 M; D-glucose, L-rhamnose, D-mannose, 2-deoxy-D glucose, and sucrose, 1.0 M; D-galactose, D-xylose, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, 1.4 M; and melibiose. greater than 1.6 M. These results suggest the possibility that phage 2 receptors in lipopolysaccharide contain L-rhamnose, D-glucosamine, and (or) D-glucose, or a structurally related molecule. Either one of the latter two could be located at a terminal position alpha-linked to the adjacent residue, or located internally in the polysaccharide chain linked through its C-4 position. PMID- 6780174 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae: partical characterization of the enzyme and inhibition by long-chain fatty acid acyl coenzyme A derivatives. AB - The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was inhibited by long-chain fatty acid acyl-coenzyme A derivatives. The inhibition was increased at low concentrations of flucose 6-phosphate and was greater with the NAD-linked activity (ca. 0.05 mM inhibitor required for 50% inhibition) than with the NADP linked activity (ca. 0.2 mM required for 50% inhibition). Bovine serum albumin and spermine could prevent the inhibition by the acyl coenzyme A derivatives, but neither of these compounds nor high concentrations of cofactors or substrate could reverse the effect. Dilution of enzyme-inhibitor preincubation mixtures appeared to reverse the inhibition. The inhibition by steroyl-coenzyme A was of the mixed type, and the inhibitor appeared to have a greater affinity for the free enzyme (Ki = 0.016-0.05 mM) than for enzyme bound to cofactor or substrate (Kis = 0.07-0.08 mM). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was also inhibited competitively by adenosine 5'-triphosphate and was strongly regulated by adenylate energy charges values between 0.9 and 1.0. Kinetic and other characteristics of the enzyme are presented, and the possible role of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase as a target for fatty acid toxicity in gonococci, mediated in the form of the acyl-coenzyme A derivatives, is discussed. PMID- 6780175 TI - Protease production by fermentation of fish solubles from salmon canning processes. AB - Production of protease by fermentation, using Sorangium 495, of a substrate based on condensed fish solubles is demonstrated. The effects of carbohydrate addition, pH, fish solubles concentration, scale-up, agitation, and air flow rate on protease yields are described. While the fish solubles medium alone could give rise to measurable yields of protease, these were, at worst, doubled when 1% glucose was added to the medium. pH 7 was optimal for protease yield. Although the concentration of fish solubles in the basic medium showed no significant effect on cell yield, maximum protease yield was observed at a protein concentration equivalent to 3.85 mg/mL of bovine serum albumin. Protease production rates decreased as medium protein fermentor showed no significant effect on maximum protease yields. The effects of agitator speed and air flow rate on protease yield suggested that the rate of O2 transfer from air to medium could limit the rate of protease production. It was also noted that protease production is not growth associated. PMID- 6780176 TI - Homologous serological analysis of Rhizobium meliloti strains by immunodiffusion. AB - The homologous titers of antisera prepared against 24 Rhizobium meliloti strains ranged from 8 to 64 in immunodiffusion tests when intact cells were used as test antigens. The antisera titers against a number of strains were higher when heated or ultrasonicated cell preparations were used as sources of antigens. The minimum concentration of intact cells required to produce a positive reaction varied between strains and the heat treatment of the cells of some strains increased the detectability of surface antigens. Titers of antigens in sonicated preparations of several strains were higher than those of either intact or heated cells. The minimum concentration of antigens detectable for different strains was independent of the antisera titers. Serological reactions of strains using intact cells were categorized in several groups based on the shape, position, and number of precipitin bands formed at different cell densities. The sonicated cell preparations produced additional bands and most strains contained both heat stable and heat-labile antigens in such preparations. Some of these antigens were similar but not identical to the surface antigens whereas others appeared to be unrelated. PMID- 6780177 TI - Primary osteomyelitis of the sternum due to Salmonella hirschfeldii. AB - The case of a 71 year-old man with primary osteomyelitis of the sternum caused by Salmonella hirschfeldii is reported. The diagnosis was confirmed by culture, the bony defect was curetted to remove all dead bone and the patient was successfully treated with 6 weeks of high-dose ampicillin (2 g q6h). The treatment is particularly important because inadequate treatment may result in death and overtreatment may cause deformity and instability of the chest wall. Primary osteomyelitis of the sternum is a rare entity and this is apparently the first such case to be reported in the English literature. PMID- 6780178 TI - A Canadian Christmas. PMID- 6780179 TI - Intravenous use of nitroglycerin to control severe ventricular arrhythmias in unstable angina. PMID- 6780180 TI - Pneumonia caused by Neisseria meningitidis, serogroup 135. PMID- 6780181 TI - Endobronchial tuberculosis and its sequelae. PMID- 6780183 TI - The role of a high-fat diet in enhancing the development of mammary tumors in ovariectomized rats. AB - The incidences of mammary tumors in female Sprague-Dawley rats injected with 7,12 dimethylbenz-(a)anthracene (DMBA) on day 50, ovariectomized 80 days later, and then maintained for 40 weeks on semipurified high-fat (20%) and low-fat (0.5%) high-fat diets, were 57% and 25%, respectively. In addition, the group exhibited significantly higher tumor multiplicities than the low-fat group (0.78 vs 0.25 tumors/total rats at risk). The weight gains of the HF and LF groups were similar, indicating that the differences in tumor yields were due to the fat content of the diet per se and not to caloric insufficiency or obesity. These results indicate that a high-fat diet has a tumor-enhancing effect in the absence of normal periodic ovarian secretions. Extragonadal estrogen production stimulated by high dietary fat intake may play a role, possibly by inducing secretion of the tumor-promoting hormone prolactin. The etiological, preventive, and therapeutic implications of these results with regard to human breast cancer are discussed. PMID- 6780182 TI - Regulation of the estrous cycle in domestic animals-- a review. AB - Neuroendocrine and endocrine factors involved in the regulation of reproductive cycles in domestic animals are discussed. Although research data from many species are considered, emphasis is placed on their relevance for the cow, sow, ewe and, to a lesser extent, the mare. Literature cited is not designed to be complete, but rather to be representative of the large volume of material which has been written on the subject.Gonadotropin-releasing hormone is synthesized and secreted in response to various exteroceptive stimuli, but both its release and its effects on the anterior pituitary are modified by feedback of target gland hormones. A modulating role for nonsteroidal regulators such as inhibin has yet to be proven. Prostaglandins are important for corpus luteum regression and ovulation. The relative roles of the gonadotropins and the above substances in hypothalamic, adenohypophyseal and ovarian function are considered. General mention is made of mechanisms of hormonal action. PMID- 6780184 TI - Inhibitory effect of some intestinal bacteria on liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice. AB - Liver tumorigenesis in gnotobiotic C3H/He male mice was markedly promoted by association with a bacterial combination of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Clostridium paraputrificum. This study demonstrated that this promoting effect was suppressed by addition of certain intestinal bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Eubacterium rectale. PMID- 6780185 TI - Macromolecular binding of dexamethasone as evidence for the presence of mineralocorticoid receptor in human breast cancer. PMID- 6780186 TI - In vitro incorporation of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene into liver nuclei and release of RNA from the nuclei. PMID- 6780187 TI - Comparison of two-stage epidermal carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in newborn and adult SENCAR and BALB/c mice. AB - In order to define factors which determine susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis, mice sensitive (SENCAR) and resistant (BALB/c) to epidermal carcinogenesis were studied under several treatment conditions for sensitivity to initiation by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine and promotion by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. In newborns of both strains, topical application of initiator was much less effective than in adults. However, initiation by i.p. injection of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene is at least as effective in newborns as in adults, which may indicate that topically applied carcinogen is not delivered effectively to target cells in newborns. Thus, newborn epidermis can respond to 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene as well as adult epidermis when the initiator is appropriately administered. SENCAR mice are much more sensitive than are BALB/c mice to both initiators, which suggests that enhanced metabolic activation of hydrocarbon carcinogens by SENCAR mice is unlikely to account for their sensitivity. Newborn male SENCAR's developed approximately 50% more papillomas than did females in all groups. BALB/c newborn mice developed so few tumors that a meaningful comparison of sensitivity of males and females could not be made. Thus, the increased sensitivity of SENCAR's was apparent regardless of route of administration of initiator or the age or sex of the mice. SENCAR mice also developed a significant number of papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas with 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion in the absence of an exogenous initiator. Therefore, the skin of SENCAR mice may contain an initiated population of cells capable of responding to tumor promoters. PMID- 6780188 TI - Alterations in glycosyltransferase levels in mouse erythroleukemia cells during erythrodifferentiation and cell growth. PMID- 6780189 TI - Insulin receptor levels and magnitude of insulin-induced responses in 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in rats. PMID- 6780190 TI - Treatment of metastatic renal cancer with ifosfamide and mesnum with and without irradiation. AB - Ifosfamide (50-60 mg/kg of body weight, Days 1-5) and mesnum (10-12 mg/kg of body weight, Days 1-5) were given to 15 patients with measurable metastatic renal cancer. This treatment was repeated on Day 29. In addition, six of these 15 patients received irradiation to some of the metastatic areas. There was one partial remission among 11 evaluable patients after two ifosfamide courses. The partial remission was seen in a metastatic area treated with low-dose irradiation prior to the first ifosfamide course. Two cases of early death and two cases of toxic death (urotoxicity) were observed. The main hematologic complication was moderate to severe leukopenia. Previously reported high response rates to ifosfamide treatment of renal cancer could not be confirmed. PMID- 6780191 TI - Transvenous management of pulmonary embolism and technical aspects of filters. PMID- 6780192 TI - Effects of amrinone on experimental acute myocardial ischaemic injury. PMID- 6780193 TI - [Changes of haemodynamics after administration of nitroglycerin in patients with aortal stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780194 TI - [Thyreoliberin-VUFB and its uses in diagnosing thyropathies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780195 TI - [Thyroid gland hormones and their effect on serum prolactin level after thyreoliberin-VUFB (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780196 TI - Ecdysteroid-inducible polypeptides in a Drosophila cell line. AB - In the Drosophila melanogaster cell line Kc-H, ecdysteroid hormone treatment causes increased relative synthesis of three ecdysteroid-inducible polypeptides (EIPs), named according to their molecular weights (in kilodaltons) EIP 40, EIP 29 and EIP 28. Increased synthesis of the EIPs is detectable within 45 min (EIP 28) or 75 min (EIPs 40 and 29), is maximal at 4-8 hr and continues for almost 2 days. During this period no other major changes in protein synthesis are discernible using one-dimensional gels. At maximum, EIP 28 synthesis is elevated at least 10 fold above its basal level, and EIPs 40 and 29 somewhat less. EIP induction is ecdysteroid-specific and is detectable in the presence of 10(-8) M 20-hydroxyecdysone. It does not occur in hormone-resistant cells. Apparently identical polypeptides are inducible in another ecdysteroid-responsive cell line, Schneider's line 3. Because EIP synthesis is an early and substantial response to ecdysteroids, this is a promising system for the study of steroid hormone action. PMID- 6780197 TI - An ecdysteroid-induced alteration in the cell cycle of cultured Drosophila cells. AB - The addition of physiological concentrations of the arthropod molting hormone 20 hydroxyecdysone results in the cessation of cell division in the Kc cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. Fluorometric mononitoring of the cell cycle reveals that treatment of the cells with hormone for 12 hr causes a G2 arrest. The dose response curves are in agreement with those obtained for other hormonal effects in both the Kc line and the intact animal. In the continual presence of hormone, cells remain G2-arrested for approximately 100 hr, resuming division by 120 hr. Cells which have responded once to ecdysteroids and subsequently reentered the cell cycle are insensitive to hormonal restimulation. This lack of response has been correlated with, and is probably due to, the loss of ecdysteroid receptors in stimulated cells. PMID- 6780198 TI - Serum-mediated suppression of cell-associated plasminogen activator activity in cultured endothelial cells. PMID- 6780199 TI - Translational control of protein synthesis in response to heat shock in D. melanogaster cells. AB - In response to elevated temperature, Drosophila cells synthesize a small set of proteins known as the heat-shock proteins, while synthesis of most other proteins ceases. In vitro translation has been used to demonstrate that the messenger RNAs encoding the normal (25 degrees) spectrum of proteins are not broken down or irreversibly inactivated in response to the temperature change. During the heat shock only the heat-shock mRNAs plus a small number of preexisting mRNAs are translated, while most other messages are stored and can be reactivated upon return of the cells to their normal temperature. After recovery from heat shock, cells translate both the normal mRNA and the remaining heat-shock mRNA. The translational control operating in intact cells has been reproduced in cell-free translation systems directed by purified mRNA from normal and heat-shocked cells. Lysates prepared from heat-shocked Drosophila cells preferentially translated the heat-shock messages, while the lysate made from normally growing Drosophila cells indiscriminately translated both normal and heat-shock messages. Therefore there must be stable alterations in the translational components of heat-shocked cells which are capable of causing selective translation of the heat-shock messages. In addition there must be information encoded in the heat-shock messages that allows their selection. PMID- 6780200 TI - A dispersed multigene family encoding tubulin in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have used cloned chicken cDNA sequences for alpha- and beta-tubulin to investigate tubulin gene organization in Drosophila melanogaster. Experiments using genomic Drosophila DNA from several sources indicate that there are at least four copies each of the alpha-tubulin gene and the beta-tubulin gene. In situ hybridization experiments show that both the alpha- and beta-tubulin multigene families have dispersed arrangements on the chromosome. Genes for alpha tubulin have been localized at chromosomal bands 67C, 84B/C, 84D and 85E, while genes for beta-tubulin have been detected at bands 60A/B and 85D. alpha-Tubulin and beta-tubulin chicken cDNA sequences can be used to select a specific mRNA species from a complex mixture which translates in vitro into alpha- or beta tubulin protein. RNA blot hybridization using the cloned chicken cDNA sequences as probes shows that the alpha- and beta-tubulin messages detected are clearly different in length, with the message for alpha-tubulin measuring approximately 2000 bases and the message for beta-tubulin containing approximately 1800 bases. PMID- 6780201 TI - A new type of virus from cultured Drosophila cells: characterization and use in studies of the heat-shock response. AB - An infectious virus isolated from the cultured Drosophila melanogster cell line, Schneider 2-L, appears to be a member of a new group of animal viruses. The virus, HPS-1 has a genome composed of a single segment of double-stranded RNA approximately 6 kb in length. Virions are particles approximately 36 nm in diameter. They contain only two proteins and no lipid coat. The major protein, presumably the viral coat protein, is 120,000 daltons. A 200,000 dalton protein is present in much lower quantities. Two other proteins, synthesized in virus producing cells, are encoded in the viral genome but not included in the mature virion. Synthesis of viral proteins is not affected by the heat-shock-induced translational control that inhibits translation of most normal mRNAs but allows protein synthesis on heat-shock mRNAs. The viral mRNAs thus appear to share the structural features of heat-shock mRNAs which permit heir translation in heat shocked cells. Viral RNA serves as a probe to study heat-shock translational control. Cells heat-shocked in the presence of actinomycin D cannot transcribe heat-shock mRNA and therefore cannot make heat-shock proteins. Although these cells are making neither heat-shock mRNA nor heat-shock protein, the translational control appears fully induced. The normal cell proteins are not made in these cells but viral proteins are synthesized. These results indicate that the heat shock-induced proteins are not components of the translational control mechanism. PMID- 6780202 TI - Modulation of benzene-induced lymphocytopenia in the rat by 2,4,5,2',4',5' hexachlorobiphenyl and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl. AB - Repeated administration of benzene (440 mg/kg/day, s.c.) to 6-week-old male Fischer-344 rats resulted in a progressive decline in the number of circulating lymphocytes. Pretreatment of these animals with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) or 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) protected against benzene toxicity for as long as 7 days, but not after 10 days of repeated dosing. Representative phase I (mixed-function oxidase) and phase II (conjugating) enzyme activities were measured to determine whether the altered susceptibility to benzene toxicity in TCB- and HCB-pretreated rats could be correlated with changes in the profile of hepatic oxidative and detoxification pathways. Measurement of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities indicated that the loss of protection by HCB or TCB against benzene toxicity after 7 days was not associated with changes in the activities of hepatic mixed-function oxidases inducible by 3-methylcholanthrene or phenobarbital. The time course for the stimulation by TCB and return to control values, of UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity, a potential route for the elimination of benzene metabolites, mirrored the time course for the protection against toxicity. Epoxide hydratase activity was induced 2- to 3-fold by HCB. Although stimulation of this pathway could result in a decreased concentration of phenol, this activity did not decline with the loss of protection. Hepatic 10 000 X g supernatant fractions, prepared from livers of rats given TCB, were incubated with a non-saturating concentration of [14C] benzene (equivalent to 19 nmol/mg wet wt. tissue). Under these conditions the metabolism of benzene was depressed (40% of control) 2 days after pretreatment; after 14 days, the metabolism of benzene returned to control values. This pattern correlated temporarily with the protection against lymphocytopenia. The data indicate that the protection against benzene toxicity in rats pretreated with HCB or TCB is not necessarily related to the capacity of these compounds to induce phase I activities. In rats pretreated with TCB, the data suggest that decreasing the concentration of primary benzene metabolites, either by inhibiting the hepatic metabolism of benzene or increasing hepatic conjugation activity is an important factor modulating toxicity. PMID- 6780203 TI - Bronchial mucosal and kidney cortex affinity of 4- and 4,4'-substituted sulphur containing derivatives of 2,2'-5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in mice. AB - In order to evaluate further the structural requirements previously proposed for accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and their sulphur-containing metabolites in the respiratory tract of mice, 4-methylthio-, 4-methylsulphonyl and 4,4'-bis(methylthio)-2,2',5,5'-[14C] tetrachlorobiphenyl were studied by whole body autoradiography. All the compounds gave rise to a strong accumulation of radioactivity in the mucosa of the bronchi, trachea and larynx. The first two substances were also concentrated in the mucosa of the nasal cavities. At the longer post-injection times all the compounds studied were localized in distinct sites of the kidney cortex. However, while the uptake of the monosubstituted sulphur-containing tetrachlorobiphenyl metabolites there was comparatively weak, the bis(methylthio) derivative showed a remarkable accumulation and retention in the kidney cortex. The study makes it possible to formulate the structural requirements for bronchial accumulation on the basis of the structure of the compounds that are accumulated rather than on the structure of the unmetabolized polychlorobiphenyls. Also with regard to the uptake in the kidney cortex a specific structure-dependency seems to exist. PMID- 6780204 TI - The metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in isolated subcellular fractions of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Activation of vinyl chloride, 2-aminoanthracene and benzo[a]pyrene as measured by mutagenic effects in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The capacity of microsomal fractions from different Drosophila strains to activate three premutagens, 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA), vinyl chloride (VCM) and benzo[a]pyrene (BP) was investigated, using Salmonella typhimurium as the indicator organism. A significant increase in the mutation response in the Salmonella test system was obtained with all three substances in the presence of a metabolizing system (S9) from Drosophila larvae. 2-AA was converted to highly mutagenic metabolite(s) by the Drosophila S9 and the mutagenic effect was further increased after pretreatment with Aroclor 1254 (PCB) or beta-naphthoflavone (BNF). BP had only marginal mutagenic effects, causing less than a 2-fold increase in the number of mutants over the control. The data indicate that the metabolic conversion of BP is different in the Drosophila as compared to the rat liver microsomal fraction. In accordance with mutagenic data on Drosophila in vivo, vinyl chloride was a fairly weak mutagen in this Drosophila/Salmonella in vitro system. PMID- 6780205 TI - the metabolism of drugs and carcinogens in isolated subcellular fractions of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Enzyme induction and metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene. PMID- 6780206 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in human prostate. AB - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) was present in explant cultures of human prostate obtained from surgery of benign prostatic hyperplasia and was inducible by benz[a]anthracene (BA). The induction of AHH ranged from 14- to 150-fold when compared with control values and 10-fold variation of AHH inducibility among individuals was observed. Epithelial cells grown from human prostate tissue also contained measurable AHH activity and AHH was inducible by BA and 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Inducibility of AHH by BA ranged from 2- to 63 fold. The inducibility of AHH by DMBA was always less than that by BA. In cells treated with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), there were no changes in AHH activity. These findings support the view that the human prostate is susceptible to environmental polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogens and that environmental and occupational factors might contribute to the etiology of human prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 6780207 TI - The relationship between polarizability of polychlorinated biphenyls and their induction of mixed function oxidase activity. PMID- 6780208 TI - [Positive amebic immunofluorescence reaction during hepatic brucellosis]. AB - While a brucellosis disease proved with bacteriological and serological tests, a serodiagnostic of amebiasis using the immunofluorescence techniques has been positive toward a dilution of 1/320. The authors think to have a false positive reaction in amebiasis. Even though the anatomopathological examination of the liver did not show any amoebiasis focus, we can see some histological lesions due to a present or an old brucellosis disease. PMID- 6780209 TI - [Hypotheses on the dynamic ecology of Loa infections]. AB - In the light of the known data about epidemiological cycles of human and simian loiasis in Africa, and the eventual relationships between these infections, a hypothetical schema is presented, giving a whole view of the dynamic ecology of the Loa systems. This schema involves a primitive simian savannah cycle, from which, the filaria passing from monkey to man, a human savannah cycle, and then the classical human forest cycle are developed. The primitive savannah cycle could also be at the origin of simian forest cycles, but the exchanges between monkeys and man seem very unlikely inside the forest. Between the factors favouring the passage from one cycle to another,. the bush fires could have played are important role. Finally, the main factors of the geographical distribution of human loiasis are discussed. PMID- 6780210 TI - [Present sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Paris area. Results of a comparative therapeutic trial]. AB - From September 1978 to September 1979, the Authors determined the M. I. C. of 16 antibiotics against 420 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains collected in Paris area, with standard gel dilution technic. These strains remain susceptible to the greatest proportion of antibiotics tested, except streptomycin. It has been noted, however, that sensibility of a certain percentage of strains, has decreased for penicillins, cyclins, macrolides. Some strains producing beta lactamase has been identified. Authors compared results given by the gel dilution method to those given by the diffusion or so-called "disc" method. This shows no correlation between radius of inhibition and M. I. G., with no reliable criteria to estimate the area of inhibition. Also, four protocols for therapy were followed: spectinomycin, ampicillin-probenocid, thiamphenicol, minocyclin. The patients were surveyed by physical examination and bacteriological tests. No statistically significant differences could be noted between these four protocols. However, considering the size of the samples, it is not possible to conclude. The authors reassess the necessity to survey the drug-sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, in each geographical area, following an internationally agreed method. They also conclude to the necessity to compare in vitro sensitivity tests with therapeutic schemes suggested by usual sensitivity to main antibiotics. PMID- 6780211 TI - [A new etiology of edema of the pregeniculate optic pathways : Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. PMID- 6780212 TI - [Complications of peroperative hypotonia in combined trabeculectomy-cataract operations]. PMID- 6780213 TI - [Isolation of a spore fraction of Bacillus sphaericus toxic for larvae of Anopheles]. AB - A lethal fraction for Anopheles stephensi larvae has been isolated from Bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 spores by various methods The best results have been obtained by freezing and thawing which give an extract made in majority of protein with high molecular weight and causing 100% of mortality in 24 hours. Because of its easy extracction and its lack of diaminopimelic acid, the toxic fraction is thought to be located outside the spore coats. PMID- 6780214 TI - [Evolution of vasopressins in marsupials: a new hormone, phenypressin (Phe2-Arg8 vasopressin), present in the Macropodidae]. AB - A duplication of the pressor hormone has been found in some marsupials, either American species belonging to the family Didelphidae or Australian species belonging to the family Macropodidae. Two pressor peptides, lysine vasopressin and phenypressin (Phe2-Arg8-vasopressin) have been chemically identified in the red Kangaroo (Macropus rufus) and the Tammar (Macropus eugenii). In contrast, the brush-tailed Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula), a species belonging to the family Phalangeridae, has a single pressor hormone, arginine vasopressin. Because this latter hormone was also found in a prototherian species, the Echidna, it might be assumed that it is the product of a primitive gene and that a duplication and subsequent mutations led to lysine vasopressin and phenypressin in Macropodidae. PMID- 6780215 TI - [Demonstration of intracellular release of calcium induced by sodium ions in the auricular trabeculae of the frog]. AB - In a Ca-free, Mg-free medium containing EGTA (10-3M) auricular trabecles develop a slow inward current which is a pure sodium current. After 12 min in this medium, it is still possible to obtain a phasic mechanical activity which shows a perfect correlation with the current. This kind of behavior indicates that a mechanism of sodium-induced calcium release is present at the level of some internal sites. PMID- 6780216 TI - [Enzymatic activities in the liver, and muscle nucleic acids, in swine receiving an unbalanced diet with an excess of methionine for 100 days]. AB - Twelve growing Swine were fed an 18% protein diet (Maize and Soja bean) for one hundred days containing either 0,6% sulfur amino acids (basal diet) or 0,6% and 1% DL-methionine added to the control diet. Such an excess, reduced food intake and body weight gain mainly during the "finishing period" (60 to 100 kg). The RNA/DNA and protein/DNA ratios in the muscle did not show any difference. Hepatic activities of some enzymes involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and amino acid metabolism, were unchanged, except that of methionine adenosyl transferase, the first step of transsulfuration, which was induced in proportion with the amount of the methionine ingested. Swine seemed to adapt to the excessive methionine intake, which did not show any toxicity in our experimental conditions. PMID- 6780217 TI - [Hypnotic effect of serotonin administered in the vago-aortic afferent pathway]. AB - A minute amount of serotonin injected in the nodose ganglion circulation area develops abrupt myosis and general electrocortical synchronization activity in "encephale isole" Cat preparation. This hypnogenic effect of serotonin can still be reproduced after transection of vago-aortic nerves caudally to the nodose ganglia. The same injections become ineffective after rostral transection of the same pathway. These results suggest that serotonin may trigger some signs of sleep through peripheric nervous elements in which are probably localized in the nodose ganglia. PMID- 6780218 TI - [Demonstration of generators of the locomotor and respiration rhythms in the cervico-thoracic spinal cord of rabbits]. AB - In curarized Rabbits whose cervico-thoracic cord has been isolated through C2 and Th12 transections, a pharmacological activation (nialamide-DOPA) disclosed distinct rhythmic efferent activities, locomotor-like bursts in forelimb muscle nerves and "respiratory" discharges in the phrenic nerves: they originate respectively from a cervico-thoracic locomotion generator and from a "respiration" generator; these spinal generators appear to be interconnected with each other. PMID- 6780219 TI - [Role of acetylglutamate in the stimulation of citrullinogenesis by glucagon]. AB - Acute glucagon treatment of Rats has been found to increase in liver the intramitochondrial concentration of acetylglutamate which is an activator of carbamylphosphate synthetase l. A part of the stimulation of citrulline formation by glucagon is certainly related to this increase of acetylglutamate concentrations. PMID- 6780220 TI - [Prolongation of the duration of motility and fertilizing ability of rainbow trout spermatozoa by the addition of theophylline to the dilution medium]. AB - After rainbow Trout sperm were diluted in 0.01 and 0.001 M theophylline media, motility and fertilizing ability were prolonged as compared to the control media without theophylline. However, the motility observed was lower and of a different type than normal motility. This suggests that other factors besides cyclic nucleotides intervene in the motility of Trout spermatozoa. PMID- 6780221 TI - [Hepatic regeneration in the rat after subtotal (90%) hepatectomy treated with testosterone]. AB - A single dose (120 mg/kg IM) of testosterone administered 1 month before subtotal hepatectomy (90%) in Rats, reduced liver steatosis and allowed complete liver regeneration. PMID- 6780222 TI - [Physiologic and genetic analysis of a mutant excreting alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli K 12]. AB - A physiological analysis of an E. coli K 12 periplasmic-leaky mutant shows that specific excretion of periplasmic proteins increases with time and temperature of incubation when cells are grown in rich L medium. The associated lky mutation was mapped by use of conventional genetic techniques near the gal locus. PMID- 6780223 TI - [Effect of glucose on the determination of the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides]. AB - The diameter of inhibition zones produced by discs of aminoglycosides in cultures of Escherichia coli varied on different Mueller Hinton media (Pasteur, Merck). The minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) estimated was 20 times greater with Pasteur medium compared to Merck medium. This increase of the M.I.C. was related to the presence of glucose in the medium. PMID- 6780224 TI - [Increased erythrocyte Na+ in genetic hypertension in the rat]. AB - A rise in erythrocyte Na+ content secondary to a sodium rich diet has been observed in genetically hypertensive Rats and in Rats with a predisposition to develop hypertension under the influence of Na+ loading. In contrast, such a rise is absent in Rats with a genetic resistance to the development of hypertension. Hence, the determination of erythrocyte Na+ after exposure to a sodium load may permit the characterization of primary hypertension. PMID- 6780225 TI - [Binding capacity of the testosterone-binding plasma protein in 2 wild mammals with cyclic testicular activity, the fox and badger]. AB - The binding capacity of the plasma testosterone binding globulin (TeBG) as determined by the equilibrium dialysis method, in fox and badger, was shown to wary in relation to the seasonal endocrine activity of the testis. During the winter breeding period, the TeBG binding capacity was low in the fox and high in the badger, whereas an opposite situation prevailed during the sexual quiescence phase. Independent of those seasonal variations, the binding capacity of TeBG was always lower in fox than in badger. PMID- 6780226 TI - [Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908, the agent of the autochthonous oriental sore. Apropos of the biochemical identification of 2 strains isolated in the eastern Pyrenees]. AB - Two strains of parasites isolated from cases of oriental sore in the Pyrenees Orientales were identified by electrophoretic analysis of eight isoenzymes (PGM, PGI, G-6-PDH, 6-PGDH, IDH, MDH, ME and GOT). Both strains were identical with Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908, which normally causes visceral leishmaniasis. It is probable that, in the Mediterranean region, some cutaneous lesions observed within the area of visceral leishmaniasis are caused by this species rather than by Leishmania tropica (Wright, 1903) or Leishmania major (Yakimoff and Schokor, 1914) traditionally believed to be agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Old World. PMID- 6780227 TI - [Free nucleotides of nerve cells, in culture]. AB - In primary cultures the free nucleotide (FN) distribution pattern showed a slight increase of adenylic nucleotides in neuroblasts as compared to glioblasts. Significant differences in the FN distribution were found between primary cultures and clonal nerve cell lines. PMID- 6780228 TI - [Continuous detection of the release of acetylcholine from the electric organ of Torpedo using a chemiluminescence reaction]. AB - A chemiluminescent procedure to measure acetylcholine was developed and used to detect continuously the release of transmitter from stimulated electric organ slices and synaptosomes. Acetylcholine is hydrolysed by acetylcholinesterase; the choline liberated is oxidized by choline oxidase to betaine; the H2O2 generated triggers the luminescence of luminol in presence of peroxidase. The extension to other transmitters is possible; several developments are envisaged. PMID- 6780229 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on intramural carbon dioxide tension during acute experimental myocardial ischemia in dogs. AB - There is continuing controversy over the effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on myocardial ischemia. In 36 open-chest, anesthetized dogs with normal left ventricular filling pressures, intramural carbon dioxide tension (PmCO2) was measured directly with a mass spectrometer during repeated 10-minute coronary artery occlusions separated by 45-minute periods of reflow. Simultaneously, regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) in the ischemic area was quantified by the microsphere technique. In all dogs the increase in PmCO2 from before to 10 minutes after the first occlusion (delta PmCO2) exceeded that during subsequent occlusions. In those dogs not receiving an intervention (controls), delta PmCO2 during the third occlusion was similar to that during the second occlusion. When nitroglycerin was administered before the third occlusion, it caused a significantly smaller elevation in delta PmCO2 than that which occurred during the control second occlusion, and transmural RMBF to the ischemic region was not altered. In contrast, sodium nitroprusside sufficient to reduce mean systemic arterial pressure to the same extent as nitroglycerin caused no change in delta PmCO2 and a significant decrease of transmural RMBF to the ischemic region. Thus, in the dog with normal left ventricular filling pressures, nitroglycerin reduces myocardial carbon dioxide tension, but nitroprusside given to produce similar hemodynamic alterations exerts not effect on intramural PCO2. PMID- 6780230 TI - Comments on "arterial CO2 myocardial O2 consumption and coronary blood flow in the dog. PMID- 6780231 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing in dogs. AB - The exact mechanism or mechanisms by which nitroglycerin exerts its beneficial effect on pacing-induced regional myocardial ischemia has not been ellucidated previously. In an open-chest, anesthetized canine preparation a fixed, flow limiting stenosis was applied to the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and heart rate was increased by atrial pacing. Mass spectrometry was used to measure myocardial oxygen (PmO2) and carbon dioxide (PmCO2) tensions. Myocardial blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Application of the stenosis resulted in regional decreases in PmO2 and increases in PmCO2 of greater magnitude in the subendocardial than in the subepicardial layer. Atrial pacing resulted in a further decrease in PmO2 and increase in PmCO2 as well as a reduction in subendocardial blood flow. Nitroglycerin (TNG) infusion reduced mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg, resulting in a 14 mm Hg reduction in PmCO2 in the more ischemic subendocardial layer (P less than 0.05). Myocardial blood flow decreased in all regions; however, the magnitude of this decrease was less in the ischemic region. Addition of aortic constriction abolished both the afterload and preload lowering effects of nitroglycerin but improved ischemic zone blood flow. These data demonstrate that nitroglycerin reduces the severity of pacing-induced regional myocardial ischemia primarily by reducing the determinants of myocardial oxygen demand. We found that when these effects are counteracted, improvement in myocardial oxygen supply becomes the dominant mechanism. PMID- 6780232 TI - Reduction of CK and CK-MB indexes of infarct size by intravenous nitroglycerin. AB - The effect of i.v. nitroglycerin administration on indexes of infarct size was examined in 31 patients with acute myocardial infarction. Serial creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB isoenzyme determinations were used to calculate infarct size. Twenty-nine patients served as controls. Two subgroups of the study group were formed to evaluate differences between early and late intervention. In the first group (n = 22), continuous infusion of nitroglycerin over 48 hours was initiated within 8 hours (mean 4.5 hours) after the onset of symptoms. Peak CK activity for the nitroglycerin-treated patients (n = 9) in this subgroup was 544 U/1 vs 871 U/1 for the controls (n = 13) (p less than 0.05). The rate of CK release was reduced from 79 to 33 U/1.hr (58%), as was total CK and CK-MB release (p less than 0.02). Calculated infarct size was 69 gEq in the controls and 48 gEq in patients receiving nitroglycerin (CK-MB: 69 vs 43 gEq, p less than 0.05). In the late intervention subgroup, nitroglycerin therapy was begun more than 8 hours (mean 12.8 hours) after the onset of symptoms. Here, too, use of the agent was associated with lower peak CK and CK-MB levels as well as a reduction in calculated infarct size (p less than 0.05). Hemodynamic measurements, recorded every 4 hours, showed that nitroglycerin also reduced left ventricular filling pressure significantly and cardiac output increased. Blood pressure fell slightly, and systemic vascular resistance declined. The results indicate that i.v. nitroglycerin reduces CK and CK-MB release and thus calculated infarct size in both early and late intervention. PMID- 6780233 TI - Postural hypotension and tachycardia during hydralazine--isosorbide dinitrate therapy for chronic heart failure. AB - Supine and upright hemodynamic measurements were performed in 10 patients with chronic congestive heart failure, before and during vasodilator therapy with hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. This combination of drugs produced significant improvement in supine hemodynamic measurements, with the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreasing from 26 +/- 5 to 18 +/- 5 mm Hg (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01) and stroke volume index increasing from 25 +/- 6 to 39 +/- 6 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01), without any significant change in heart rate (HR) or mean arterial pressure (MAP). However, with the patients upright, HR rose significantly (87 +/- 17 to 99 +/- 17 beats/min, p less than 0.05) and MAP fell (84 +/- 10 to 66 +/- 11 mm Hg, p less than 0.001) compared with measurements before treatment. These patients also exhibited potentially deleterious postural changes in HR, MAP, cardiac output, stroke volume index and stroke work index during therapy with the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate. Although diuretic therapy (which had been withheld for 12 hours in eight subjects but only for 6 hours in two others) may have played a role in producing these changes, postural hypotension or tachycardia was not noted before vasodilator therapy or during therapy with nitrates or hydralazine. Repeat catheterization after 3 months in six patients revealed a lessening of the postural effects. These findings indicate the need to perform upright as well as supine hemodynamic measurements during the initiation of vasodilator therapy and suggest the need for particular caution in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6780234 TI - Antiarrhythmic efficacy of encainide in patients with refractory recurrent ventricular tachycardia. AB - Encainide is a new agent for treating ventricular arrhythmias. We attempted long term oral therapy with encainide in 38 patients with recurrent, strikingly drug refractory ventricular tachycardia. The usual daily dose of encainide ws 150-250 mg divided into four or six doses. The mean period until withdrawal of encainide or the date of follow-up was 4.2 months. Encainide completely eliminated recurrence of ventricular tachycardia in 54% of the patients for 6 months of therapy and in 29% of the patients for 18-30 months of therapy. Twelve patients (32%) had side effects possibly due to encainide; in four, the arrhythmia may have been worsened by encainide. During chronic therapy, encainide increased the PR interval by 18% and the QRS duration by 32%. There was no significant change in the corrected QT interval. The presence of QRS prolongation appeared to correlate with antiarrhythmic effect. We conclude that encainide is a safe, well tolerated antiarrhythmic agent that is often effective against previously drug refractory ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6780235 TI - Clinical study of a new orally active chromone in asthma-proxicromil (FPL 57787). AB - The efficacy and safety of a new orally-active chromone, proxicromil, has been assessed in a single-blind controlled study in perennial extrinsic asthma. Patients entered into the study were currently requiring treatment with sodium cromoglycate (Intal; Lomudal) which was confirmed by deterioration of their asthma when changed to a placebo preparation of identical appearance. Proxicromil was administered for two consecutive 3-week periods using a dosage regimen of 18 mg twice per day for the first period followed by 18 mg four times per day for the second period. Patients improved during the 6 weeks' treatment with proxicromil. This improvement could be detected by the majority of patients by the end of the first week. When patient treatment was changed to a corresponding placebo for a final period of three weeks their asthma deteriorated. No abnormal laboratory findings of significance were detected on haematological, liver function or urinalysis examination. The side effects noted relate mainly to gastro-intestinal disturbances and generally were of a mild nature. PMID- 6780236 TI - Hepatic protein synthesis in health and disease, with special reference to microsomal enzyme induction. PMID- 6780237 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy. AB - The present study examines the role of cardiac lysosomal enzymes in the pathogenesis of the cardiomyopathy that develops in genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ db+/db+ mice. Db+/db+ mice and littermate controls were sacrificed as age-matched pairs between 5-26 weeks of age. C57BL/6J ob/ob mice and littermates served as other controls. The hearts were excised, homogenized, and the following enzymatic activities measured: N-Acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta galactosaminidase, beta-glucosaminidase, aryl sulphatase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta glucosidase, total p-nitrophenyl phosphatase, acid phosphatase and 5'-phosphodiesterase type IV. There is a progressive decrease in cardiac lysosomal enzyme activities of db+/db+ mice for the period 5-21 weeks of age. All enzyme activity is depressed significantly during the 9-21 week interval with beta-glucuronidase, aryl sulphatase and beta glucosidase decreased about 40-50%. The decrease in lysosomal enzyme activity can explain the accumulation of large residual bodies and interstitial material in the myocardium of the db+/db+ animals PMID- 6780238 TI - From chemistry of life to chemistry of disease: the rise of clinical biochemistry. AB - Any young scientific discipline may experience difficulties in determining its position. For a young discipline placed at the juncture between potent branches of science with a long tradition, as is the case for Clinical Biochemistry, this is especially true. In such a situation, a look backwards to identify first origins and to follow trends of development can be helpful. Moreover, the close relationship between the history and the philosophy of science should provide insight into the nature of our present work and the potential for future work. Our discipline originated with the emergence of modern chemistry at the end of the 18th century. Methods for the chemical analysis of plant and animal material were developed first. The examination of chemical processes in living organisms followed. Only after these successes did chemical investigations of causes and mechanisms of human disease become possible. A few selected milestones in this evolution can illustrate the medical, philosophical, intellectual and social background which has shaped the rise of Clinical Biochemistry. PMID- 6780239 TI - Simple laboratory determination of excess oligosacchariduria. AB - I describe a simple set of procedures for the screening of patients' urine to detect oligosaccharide-storage diseases. Urines from patients with mucolipidosis I, mannosidosis, fucosidosis, aspartylglycosaminuria, and type VI glycogen storage disease can be distinguished by thin-layer chromatography. Patients with beta-galactosidase deficiency can be detected by use of a combination of ion exchange and thin-layer chromatography. Excess sialyloligosaccharide excretion is detected by using gel filtration and a quantitative assay for neuraminic acid. The advantages of the system are detection of virtually all known disorders in which oligosaccharides are over-excreted, production of characteristic patterns, and small sample requirement. PMID- 6780240 TI - Radioassay for cobalamin (vitamin B12) requiring no pretreatment of serum. AB - We describe a radioassay for cobalamin (vitamin B12) in human serum or plasma that requires no boiling or other pretreatment of the sample. Normal chicken serum covalently coupled to magnetizable particles is used as the binding agent. The assay is performed at pH 12.9, at which pH all cobalamin in human serum is released from its binding proteins, whereas the binding agent maintains a high affinity for cobalamin (Ka 1.7 x 10(10) L/mol). Under these assay conditions the binding protein shows a specificity for cobalamin similar to that of purified intrinsic factor. The assay is simple, rapid, and precise, and results correlate well with those of the Euglena gracilis microbiological assay and an intrinsic factor binding assay. PMID- 6780241 TI - Nephelometry of human IgG subclass concentration in serum. AB - An immunoassay method for determination of human IgG subclass concentration by rate nephelometry was developed by using the Beckman Immunochemistry Analyzer, subclass-specific antisera, and a human serum standard. Twelve sera derived from normal as well as gammapathological patients were analyzed. The total IgG concentration, as determined by using a readily available kit, correlated with the sum of the concentration of the individual subclasses. Most of the gammapathological cases were shown to be the IgG1 subclass, which was confirmed by radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 6780242 TI - Four methods for determining albumin in azotemic sera evaluated. AB - The methods most commonly used for determination of albumin in serum depend on its binding of dyes. The binding of many drugs as well as of several dyes is impaired in azotemic sera from patients with renal failure. We therefore evaluated four methods used to measure albumin concentration in sera of patients with various degrees of renal failure, comparing results with those by the most specific method, radial immunodiffusion. The automated bromcresol green, manual immediate bromcresol green, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, 2-(4' hydroxyazobenzene)benzoic acid binding, and Na2SO3 precipitation/biuret methods were evaluated. The correlations with results of radial immunodiffusion for azotemic sera differed from method to method but were approximately the same for each method, as in previous published reports for samples from a heterogeneous population of patients. The ratios of serum albumin concentration by these methods to albumin concentration as measured by radial immunodiffusion ranged from 0.96 to 1.13 for 29 to 41 normal and azotemic sera, but none of the ratios showed any variation beyond random scatter over a range of serum creatinine from 6.0 to 180 mg/L. Thus the choice of method to apply to azotemic sera will depend on the relative importance of accuracy, speed, cost, and technical complexity. PMID- 6780243 TI - Methods for immunoglobulin quantitation compared. PMID- 6780244 TI - Determination of high-density lipoproteins: comparison of HDL-cholesterol, HDL phospholipids, and HDL-apolipoprotein A-I. PMID- 6780245 TI - [Brain control of female reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780246 TI - [Control mechanisms of LH and FSH secretions from anterior pituitary (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780247 TI - [Heterogeneity of gonadotropins and its significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780248 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of FSH and LH using FSH RIA RAC and LH RIA PAC (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780249 TI - [Examination of HFSH "Eiken" and HLH "Eiken" kits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780250 TI - [Rapid immunoassay of LH, FSH by addition of precipitating stabilizer: basic and clinical studies]. PMID- 6780251 TI - [Plasma TBG, T3 and T4 levels in the pregnant and non-pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780252 TI - [Effects of naloxone and morphine on the proestrous surge of prolactin and gonadotropins in the rat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780253 TI - [Evaluation of solid phase radioimmunoassay for TBG (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780254 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease. Assay of the beta-glucosidase activity in amniotic fluid cells cultivated in two laboratories with different cultivation conditions. AB - Sixteen pregnancies at risk for Gaucher disease -- six with the Norrbottnian form, one with a juvenile form with a similar clinical course to the patients from Norrbotten and nine with the infantile from -- have been monitored by the assay of beta-glucosidase activity in cultivated amniotic fluid cells with natural labelled glycosylceramide as substrate. Two methods of cultivation were compared in respect of their effect on the activity of lysosomal enzymes. No significant difference was found between the two marker enzymes, beta galactosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, but the beta-glucosidase activity was significantly higher in the cells cultivated with one of the methods. In four of the pregnancies at risk, the beta-glucosidase activity in the cultivated amniotic fluid cells was less than 5% of that in the two control materials. These fetuses were regarded as affected with Gaucher disease and were aborted. Differentiation between controls and Gaucher heterozygotes was not possible in cultivated amniotic fluid cells. The diagnosis of Gaucher disease in the amniotic fluid cells was confirmed in three of the four cases by the assay of the beta-glucosidase activity in the liver nd brain of the aborted fetuses. The glucosylceramide content of the liver from two aborted fetuses was not augmented. The beta-glucosidase activity was examined in seven placentas from pregnancies at risk for Gaucher disease and found to be in agreement with that in the cultivated amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 6780255 TI - IgG heavy chain allotypes (Gm) in autoimmune diseases. AB - Serum samples from 100 patients with myasthenia gravis, 322 with Graves' disease, 113 with Hashimoto's disease, 132 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 192 with insulin-dependent juvenile diabetes mellitus, 83 with Behcet's syndrome, 73 with psoriasis vulgaris, 258 with leprosy, 112 with Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy and 343 non-related normal controls were studied for Gm allotypes. The incidence of Gm phenotypes with Gm(2) was significantly increased in patients with myasthenia gravis. Graves' disease, Hashimoto's disease, and high in SLE patients. The Gm1,2,21 haplotype was increased in patients with myasthenia gravis (chi 2 = 34 . 08, corrected P less than 0 . 001), Hashimoto's disease (chi 2 = 12 . 39, corrected P less than 0 . 05), Graves' disease (chi 2 = 8 . 65, corrected P less than 0 . 05), and SLE (chi 2 = 6 . 41, 0 . 1 greater than corrected P greater than 0 . 05). The total chi-square for the four different Gm haplotypes was significantly increased in patients with myasthenia gravis (chi 2 = 44 . 46, corrected P less than 0 . 001), SLE (chi 2 = 20 . 70, corrected P less than 0 . 005), Hashimoto's disease (chi 2 = 17 . 03, corrected P less than 0 . 025), and Graves' disease (chi 2 = 11 . 87, corrected P less than 0 . 025). Our data suggest the presence of Gm-associated pathogenic polygenes in certain autoimmune disorders. PMID- 6780256 TI - Coexpression of multiple immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain classes on human leukemic B lymphocytes (B cells). PMID- 6780257 TI - Comparative effect of intravenous dipyridamole and sublingual nitroglycerin on coronary hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism at rest and during atrial pacing in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - The effects of intravenous dipyridamole (20 mg) and sublingual nitroglycerin (0.6 mg) were compared at rest and during rapid atrial pacing in patients with significant coronary obstruction. Dipyridamole, which had no significant effect on resting systolic blood pressure, caused a significant increase in coronary sinus flow (CSF) and reduction of coronary vascular resistance (CVR) and arterial coronary sinus oxygen difference (AO2CSO2 delta), whereas nitroglycerin reduced resting systolic pressure but had no significant effect on CSF, CVR, or AO2-CSO2 delta. Although theses effects of dipyridamole and nitroglycerin on resting systolic pressure, CSF, CVR, and AO2-CSO2 delta were qualitatively similar during rapid atrial pacing, the onset of chest pain and ischemic ECG changes occurred at a lower heart rate following dipyridamole (136 +/- 5 beats/min) than following nitroglycerin (149 +/- 6 beats/min, p less than 0.01). However, maximal double product and myocardial oxygen consumption achieved during pacing were similar following both dipyridamole and nitroglycerin and were less than control pacing values. Coronary dilatation following dipyridamole appears to reduce tolerance to pacing-induced ischemia probably by maldistribution of coronary flow away from ischemic myocardium. Nitroglycerin differs from dipyridamole by improving tolerance to pacing; however, this difference appears to be due to systemic vasodilator effects of nitroglycerin rather than to enhancement of flow to ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6780258 TI - Controlled study of intravenous nitroglycerin treatment for two days in patients with recent myocardial infarction. AB - Hemodynamic measurements were obtained for 48 h in 46 patients with recent myocardial infarction. Patients were randomized to treatment with (n = 22) and without nitroglycerin (NTG) n = 24). In patients with diastolic pulmonary arterial pressure (PAEDP) less than 20 mmHg (group I), NTG decreased PAEDP from 15 to 11 mmHg (n = 13); in the untreated control group PAEDP remained unchanged (n = 15). Cardiac output decreased in the NTG group from 5.4 to 5.0 1/min and in the control group from 4.7 to 4.4 1/min. Mean arterial pressure decreased in both groups, in the NTG group from 106 to 97 mmHg and in the control group from 102 to 94 mmHg. In patients with left ventricular failure and PAEDP greater than 20 mmHg (group II) the decrease in left ventricular filling pressure was significantly greater (25 to 17 mmHg, n = 9) than in the control group (24 to 20 mmHg, n = 9). Cardiac output increased during NTG treatment from 4.2 to 5.1 1/min. In the control group, however, cardiac output decreased from 4.2 to 3.6 1/min. Mean arterial pressure decreased from 103 to 95 mmHg in the NTG group and from 114 to 96 mmHg in the control group. Heart rate did not change significantly. Thus, PAEDP decreased significantly in patients who received NTG treatment for 48 h compared to an untreated control group. Cardiac output increased in treated patients, especially those with left ventricular failure, but decreased in the control group. Mean arterial pressure decreased to the same degree in treated patients and in controls. PMID- 6780259 TI - [Effects of citicholine on pituitary gland function in normal subjects and in cases of idiopathic galactorrhea]. PMID- 6780260 TI - Th use of fluoride dentifrices: a public health measure. PMID- 6780261 TI - Data processing of urine chromatograms for the clinical management of melanoma. PMID- 6780262 TI - A minicomputer program for automatic saccade detection and linear analysis of eye movement systems using sine wave stimulus. AB - A FORTRAN IV program is described, which may be run interactively or in batch and which allows a user to obtain the frequency response amplitude ratio and phase resulting from the linear analysis of an eye movement system using sine wave stimuli. The response (eye position) signal may contain components contributed by the saccadic eye movements. The program can digitize analog signals and store data on a magnetic tape. With the aid of digital filters, the program can detect saccades without requiring any input parameters from the user. The program interpolates the saccade interval using a method of least square curve fitting with a sine wave. The interpolation is relatively noise immune and works well regardless of the stimulus frequencies and the width of a saccade interval. Moreover, the program can handle long duration of signals such as 90 min of data which covers about 5 cycles of a 0.001 Hz sine wave signal. Sample runs for the cases of 0.001 and 0.1 Hz are given. The resident driver and the overlayable segments of the program have been implemented on a DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.) LAB-11 minicomputer (PDP 11/20). PMID- 6780263 TI - Clinical experience with high frequency jet ventilation. AB - High frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) has been used in recent years in some forms of respiratory failure, where the presence of barotrauma limited the application of high peak inspiratory pressure. In the present report, the authors describe the clinical experience with 17 patients, who could not be supported with conventional mechanical support and were placed on HFJV. Rates of 100 breath/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio of 1:2 and cannula size of 1.06--1.62 mm (18--14) gauge were used. Driving pressure required to maintain a PaCO2 of 40--45 torr was 14--45 psig; however, except in 2 patients who developed hemorrhagic tracheitis with subtotal obstruction of both mainstem bronchi, a driving pressure higher than 27 psig was never required, even when PEEP up to 32 cm H2O was used. Of 17 patients treated, 8 survived. In all cases, alveolar ventilation could be maintained within the desired range with high frequency ventilation, even in those patients who eventually died; mechanical support never provided better oxygenation or alveolar ventilation than high frequency ventilation. Hemodynamic function was essentially unchanged with high frequency ventilation; indeed, in three cases, inotropic support with dopamine could be discontinued after initiation of high frequency ventilation. PMID- 6780264 TI - Lipid infusion in critically ill patients. Acute effects on hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange. AB - Hemodynamics, pulmonary diffusing capacity (DLCO) blood gases, oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2) were studied in healthy volunteers and ventilator-treated, critically ill patients before and during infusion of lipid emulsion for 4 h. Triglyceride levels rose from 1.0 mmole/L to 8.5 mmole/L in the volunteers and from 1.4 mmole/L to 6.3 mmole/L in the patients after h. No adverse effects on cardiovascular performance were observed. Increases in VO2, and VCO2 and cardiac output were found in both groups, while RQ remained constant. No changes in DLCO and blood gases occurred. PMID- 6780265 TI - Contribution of the Haldane effect to the rise of arterial Pco2 in hypoxic patients breathing oxygen. AB - Arterial (PaCO2), alveolar (PACO2), mixed expired (PECO2) CO2 pressures, CO2 production (VCO2) as well as arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) were measured on 20 severely hypoxic and hypercapnic patients breathing air (A) and 100% O2 (HO). On HO, mean PaCO2 increased to 56.6 torr from 50.8 torr on A, whereas there was no significant change in PACO2 (38.3 on A, 38.6 on HO), so that the arterial alveolar gradient (aADCO2) increased from 12.5 to 18.0 torr. PECO2 remained essentially the same. There was a statistically significant correlation between the increase in PaCO2 on HO and the arterial unsaturation (100 - SaO2) on A and also between PaCO2 on A and its increment on HO. When the rise in PaCO2 and aADCO2 were estimated which resulted from the shift in the Co2 dissociation curve due to complete oxygenation of hemoglobin on HO (Haldane effect), 78% of the observed change in PaCO2 could be accounted for. The deadspace/tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) increased from 0.59 on A to 0.64 and 87% of this difference could be attributed to the Haldane effect. The results emphasize the importance of considering this effect when interpreting alterations in PaCO2, aADCO2 and VD/VT on transition from air to hyperoxia, particularly in patients with severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia. PMID- 6780266 TI - The effect of continuous positive airway pressure on the course of respiratory distress syndrome: the benefits on early initiation. AB - The course of idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS) treated with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was studied in 38 infants with a respiratory index (RI) based on AaDO2 and PO2 measurements. Thirteen infants were treated with early CPAP (FIO2 = 0.3, PO2 greater than 50 torr (6.7k Pa) at a mean age of 7.1 h and 25 infants received late CPAP (FIO2 = 0.5, PO2 greater than 50 torr) at a mean age of 15.1 h. Significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups in duration of CPAP (42 versus 72 hours) peak RI (3.7 vs. 6.7), time to peak RI from start of therapy (10.0 versus 19.4 h), number of infants ventilated (0 versus 5) and number of air leaks (0 versus 3). The rate of disease worsening as measured by changes in RI/h before CPAP and after CPAP initiation was comparable in the respective treatment groups. PMID- 6780267 TI - Effect of PEEP on lung water content in experimental noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. AB - After administration of monocrotaline to dogs to produce noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, one-half of the animals (controls) were treated with intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPV), and one-half with that ventilation plus the addition of 10 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). After 6 h, the animals treated with PEEP demonstrated significantly better arterial oxygenation and reduced AaDO2, but lung water, quantitated either postmortem or in vivo by indicator-dilution techniques, was no less than controls. Although PEEP improves gas exchange, it fails to modify the degree of pulmonary edema represent. PMID- 6780268 TI - Revascularization of the myocardium. PMID- 6780269 TI - Somatic cell genetics and the development of the immune system. PMID- 6780270 TI - Preliminary report on clinical monitoring of intracranial pressure. PMID- 6780271 TI - Experimental research on Artemisia decoction and general attack therapy in cholelithiasis. PMID- 6780272 TI - Bilateral diaphragmatic hernia due to blunt trauma: a case report. PMID- 6780273 TI - Screening and prevention of colorectal cancer in Haining county. PMID- 6780275 TI - Disc electrophoretic studies of hookworms: preliminary comparison of protein fraction in adult Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale and Ancylostoma caninum. PMID- 6780274 TI - Comparison of praziquantel, amoscanate and hexachloroparaxylol in clonorchiasis sinensis. PMID- 6780276 TI - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Schistosoma japonicum egg shell. PMID- 6780278 TI - [Atypical case of disorders of intrachondral ossification]. PMID- 6780277 TI - Anterior route intervertebral disc excision and bone grafting in cervical spondylitic myelopathy. PMID- 6780279 TI - Immunologically mediated toxicity. AB - A major consideration which precedes the release of a new chemical into the environment of human beings is the possibility of its producing an undesirable or toxic effect. Toxicity is the clinical end-point of a mechanism which results in tissue damage. One such mechanism is mediated via the immunological system. The effect of some chemicals on immunologically competent cells has been to induce perturbations of immunological competence. This is currently under debate as a toxic hazard, and the concept is explored here, particularly in relation to the action of alkyl tins. Hypersensitivity, which is tissue damage resulting directly from an allergic reaction, depends on a substance acting as an antigen. Since many compounds of toxicological interest have a molecular weight less than 5000, the ability to induce an allergic state is governed in part by factors that influence antigen formation, covalent interactions with macromolecules and metabolism. These factors, together with an analysis of 'immunological specificity', are illustrated by experimental work on practolol, which demonstrates that an antibody present in human sera reacts with a product of first-phase metabolism. PMID- 6780280 TI - Effects of inducers and inhibitors on drug-metabolizing enzymes and on drug toxicity in extrahepatic tissues. AB - When a compound that is removed from the body by metabolism produces toxicity in extrahepatic organs directly, rather than via active metabolites, induction or inhibition of the drug-metabolizing enzymes simply will decrease or enhance, respectively, the toxic effects of the compound. On the other hand, the effects of chemicals whose toxicity depends on their activation by metabolism may be modified in a complex way by pretreatment with inducers or inhibitors of the enzymes; it may, therefore, be impossible to predict the effect of pretreatment on the metabolism and toxicity of a given compound. The major sources of such complexity are that (a) inducers and inhibitors can have multiple effects on pathways of drug toxification or detoxification, both in the liver and in extrahepatic tissues, (b) active metabolites can be formed both in the liver and at extrahepatic sites, and they may not be sufficiently stable for transport from one site to another, and (c) regardless of the effect of pretreatment on pathways of extrahepatic metabolism, the accompanying effects on hepatic metabolism may determine the extrahepatic distribution and site of metabolism (in vivo) of a protoxin or its active metabolite(s). A review of studies on pulmonary toxicity produced by three agents--monocrotaline, bromobenzene, and 4-ipomeanol- illustrates several of these problems, and also shows the value of using inducers and inhibitors in the experimental analysis of extrahepatic toxicity produced by reactive metabolites. PMID- 6780281 TI - The role of the drug-metabolizing enzymes. AB - Drug-metabolizing enzymes function in the biotransformation of both endogenous and exogenous lipophilic compounds. Phylogenetic studies indicate that the drug metabolizing enzymes were a late evolutionary development. Stimuli for the evolution of these enzymes were probably movement to a terrestrial environment, a diet of higher plants and an increasing tissue specialization, with a consequential need for the formation and inactivation of hormones, bile salts etc. Most drug-metabolizing enzymes exist in multiple forms. Some are concerned solely with the metabolism of a very limited range of endogenous lipids; others such as 'phenobarbitone-type cytochrome P-450' seem to be concerned mainly wih the metabolism of exogenous compounds. In mammals the liver and intestine have a major role in the biotransformation of exogenous compounds, whereas in other tissues the primary function of the drug-metabolizing enzymes appears to be the metabolism of endogenous lipids such as steroids, lipid-soluble vitamins and fatty acids. PMID- 6780283 TI - Small-intestine involvement in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient presented with a three-year history of diarrhea and was found to have a monoclonal gammopathy (IgM lambda) and a malabsorption syndrome with dilatation of the small bowel. Small-intestinal biopsy revealed a homogeneous eosinophilic granular material between the epithelial cells. On electron microscopy this material was shown to consist of an electron-opaque background mixed wit radiolucent lipid sheres. Immunofluorescent studies showed the accellular material to consist entirely of IgM-reactive material. The patient's course and a review of the literature is presented. PMID- 6780282 TI - Experimental hepatobiliary injury. Comparison of in vivo drug elimination with in vitro drug-metabolizing enzyme capacity in the rat. PMID- 6780284 TI - The value of electrocardiogram monitoring in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Electrolyte abnormalities cause fatal cardiac arrhythmias in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. A patient is reported with electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities characteristic of toxic hyperkalemia and hypocalcemia. The ECG abnormalities were noted during the first hour after arriving at the hospital. The laboratory values confirming the electrolyte abnormalities were not available for more than 1 h after the ECG indicated the danger of myocardial toxicity. During the initial 2 h of therapy the patient was urinating and not in shock. ECG monitoring of this patient prevented the routine administration of intravenous potassium, which was potentially lethal. The clinical importance of electrolyte levels in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis is the prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. ECG monitoring should be a minimal standard in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6780285 TI - Toward successful transplantation of the endocrine pancreas. PMID- 6780286 TI - Insulin "pseudoresistance" in DKA. PMID- 6780287 TI - Potassium phosphate and potassium chloride in the treatment of DKA. PMID- 6780288 TI - [Tumoral lesions of the face in Recklinghausen's disease (apropos of a historic "royal tumor")]. PMID- 6780289 TI - [Principle of assessing decompression safety by the critical volume of gas bubbles formed in the body]. PMID- 6780290 TI - [Genetic analysis of Rhizobium japonicum]. PMID- 6780291 TI - [Significance of HBe antigen in acute HBs antigen-positive hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780292 TI - [Protective effect of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate in bronchial challenge tests with allergens (author's transl)]. AB - The protective effect of ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) was evaluated by a randomised double blind cross-over study in 15 children with allergic bronchial asthma. 13 children were allergic to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus), two to grass pollen. After a positive bronchial challenge test ketotifen or DSCG was given for 4 days followed by bronchial challenge with increasing allergen concentrations. Seven patients showed better allergen tolerance after ketotifen, 5 after DSCG. Protective action against late reactions was found only in 2 children after ketotifen and one child after DSCG. PMID- 6780293 TI - [Utility of LAB-TEK tissue culture chamber/slides in virological laboratory diagnostic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780294 TI - [Investigations on the blood gases and the acid-base-composition in piglets with hematocrit and hemoglobin determination. 1st communication: phase from parturition to the end of the 3rd day (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780295 TI - [Report on an experiment in practice to treat fertility disturbances in swine with homeopathic preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780296 TI - [Endoscopic, pathologico-anatomical and histological examinations of alterations in preputial diverticula of different races of boars (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780297 TI - Heart rate changes during gauge feeding of neonates. AB - One hundred and one electrocardiographs (ECGs) were performed on 38 babies, before, during and after gavage feeds. Forty ECGs taken from 22 babies showed a significant bradycardia occurring after tube passage. The risk of this occurring appeared higher with preterms and with babies below 2.5 kg. It is recommended that gavage feeding be restricted to babies above 2.5kg. PMID- 6780298 TI - [Dental calculus reduction with EHDP? A long-term clinical study]. PMID- 6780299 TI - [Habituation of the human orbicularis oculi reflex]. AB - The habituation of the electrically (stimulation of the supraorbital nerve) elicited orbicularis oculi reflex (OOR) was investigated in 51 healthy volunteers (average age: 39 years). Ten reflex responses were registered from the left and right side including eyes open, eyes closed, and during task performance. The stimulus frequency was 1/s. The data were transmitted to an LAB 8e computer and statistically treated. The influence of stimulus frequency on habituation was examined separately. The following parameters of habituation as devised by Thompson and Spencer were demonstrable: dishabituation, habituation of dishabituation, spontaneous recovery, and influence of stimulus intensity. The analysis of habituation during task performance with the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a statistically significant decrease of habituation. The early reflex component (R1) amplitudes increased during the 1/s stimulation. This effect was also statistically significant. The increase in R1 amplitude during 1/s stimulation was interpreted as "facilitation". PMID- 6780300 TI - [Electroneurographic examinations of suralis nerve; methodical problems and normal range]. PMID- 6780301 TI - [The EEG during the hemiplegic migraine attack of children]. AB - Following the exemplification of the clinical symptoms the EEG findings of 10 attacks of hemiplegic migraine in 6 children are reported on. Characteristically most of these are severe unilateral or focal disturbances. Five times these appeared as delta-activity, two times as theta-delta-activity, and in one case as theta-activity or alpha-reduction. Only once, a diffuse slowing of the background activity over both hemispheres could be shown. With one exception in addition to the foci simultaneous diffuse changes were recorded in all children, (four times slight, twice slight to moderate and three times moderate to severe). A predominance of one hemisphere was not recognizable. The foci were not localized to one particular region of the brain. Most of the changes had subsided after a few days. In one case a slight focal voltage depression was apparent even after three month of a year. PMID- 6780302 TI - [Spike waves pattern recognition in EEG long term registrations using a variably programmed laboratory computer]. AB - The application of automatic approaches in EEG pattern recognition essentially has two aims: to increase the level of objectivity (by means of quantification) and to decrease the amount of diagnostic work (by means of data reduction). In this study a computerized spike-wave detection method is described, realized on a small laboratory computer (PDP 11/03) and especially designed for the analysis of long term registrations. The program is written in FORTRAN in order to provide a high level of flexibility. The user may easily modify it for his own purposes. Pattern recognition is based on the configuration of maxima and minima. Different degrees of digital filtering is used for spike analysis and wave analysis. The time codes of the events are registered and stored on magnetic disk. In a subsequent computer run the results may graphically be displayed or submitted to further analysis. An example is given testing in which way the results depend on the choice of the parameter set (duration and amplitude of spike and wave). The time course of the frequency of SW-events (or regular SW-sequences, respectively) are compared to the results of conventional analysis. PMID- 6780303 TI - [Latency of transient and steady state potentials evoked by pattern reversal stimulation. Investigation of patients with retrobulbar neuritis]. AB - The latencies of transient potential (TP) and steady state potentials (SSP) were compared in patients with definite or probable retrobulbar neuritis and in normal controls. TP show different components whereas SSP being simple sinusoidal responses. Only the comparison of the responses elicited by stimulation with different frequencies may allow for measurement of SSP latencies. For this comparison we used a new method based upon a model suggested by Diamond (4). It was modified for clinical application. Its principles are described in detail. For its clinical application two aspects were of special interest: 1. modification of the supposed model because of impaired conduction in the demyelinated optic nerve and 2. additional information by SSP in cases of probable retrobulbar neuritis if an altered TP configuration prevents latency measurements. PMID- 6780304 TI - [Ultradian rhythms modulating EEG-background-activity]. PMID- 6780305 TI - [The periodicity of circadian and diurnal rhythms in the EEG]. PMID- 6780306 TI - Effects of GnRH and ionic environment on the secretion of LH, FSH and prolactin by dispersed sheep pituitary cells. AB - Dispersed sheep adenohypophysial cells were used to study the effects of GnRH and ionic environment on LH, FSH and PRL release. The cells were used immediately after they were dissociated from the glands by a combination of gentle mechanical agitation and enzymatic digestion. GnRH caused a log-dose related release of LH and FSH with minimal and maximal effective doses of 10 pg ml-1 and 100 pg ml-1, respectively. Elevated level of K+ stimulated LH, FSH and PRL release. Maximal response was observed with the doses of 30--60 mmol l-1 K+ for LH and FSH, while a dose of 120 mmol l-1 was required for PRL release. The removal of Ca2+ by the addition of EDTA did not affect basal LH and FSH release but resulted in an increase of PRL release. It also abolished the release of LH and FSH induced by GnRH or by a high level of K+ but did not prevent a small and significant additive effect of K+ and GnRH. The release of PRL induced by a high level of K+ was inhibited by Ca2+ removal, but was not completely prevented at the highest K+ concentration used. The results demonstrated that the cells retained their responsiveness to secretagogues for LH, FSH and PRL immediately after dispersion. PMID- 6780307 TI - Effects of steroids on basal and GnRH-induced LH and FSH secretion by dispersed pituitary cells of immature female lambs. AB - The effects of 17 beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and their combination on the basal and GnRH-induced LH and FSH release were studied in immature female lamb pituitary cells. Lambs born in February (slaughtered at 12--13 weeks of age) (Y) or older (O) out of season born in the previous year and carried over to January and April (hoggets) were used as pituitary donors. The cells were preincubated for 24 h in the presence or absence of steroids, then washed and incubated for 2 h with or without GnRH. E2 (100 pg ml-1) depressed the basal and GnRH-induced LH and FSH release and P at the highest dose used (10 ng ml-1) decreased significantly the basal and GnRH-induced LH release, whereas it did not affect these parameters of FSH release from pituitary cells of Y. In contrast to these effects of steroids, E2 (10--1000 pg ml-1) stimulated the basal and GnRH induced LH and FSH release from pituitary cells of O. P (0.1--10 ng ml-1), in a way inversely related to the concentration, stimulated the basal LH and FSH release; the higher P concentration did not affect the GnRH-induced FSH, while it permitted a small but significant increase of the GnRH-induce LH release in O (43% above the GnRH-treated level). Taking in account the basal release, the sensitivity of LH and FSH response to GnRH was increased by E2. In E2 + P treated cells, P did not modify the E2 effect on the LH responsiveness to GnRH in pituitaries of Y or O. On the other hand, P at the higher dose (10 ng ml-1) potentiated the stimulatory effect of E2 on basal and GnRH-induced FSH release in O. The results suggest that E2 and P can exert negative or positive effects on gonadotropin release from pituitary cells of immature female lambs depending on the developmental stage of the pituitary donors and the steroid concentration. P depressed the sensitivity of response to GnRH induced by E2. PMID- 6780308 TI - Effects of castration on 24-hour periodicity of hypothalamo-pituitary gonadotropic function. AB - Groups of 6 castrated or sham-castrated (controls) adult male rats were decapitated 7 days after the operation at 4 h intervals within a 24 h period. Serum LH, FSH and PRL were measured by radioimmunoassay and GnRH activity in medial basal hypothalamus was estimated by bioassay using donor pituitaries from normal adult rats. Finally, the responsiveness of pooled pituitaries from each experimental group to 5 ng synthetic GnRH was tested in vitro immunoreactive LH in medium being used as the end point. It was found that the castration of male rats results in the abolition of 24 h periodicity of hypothalamic GnRH content. Furthermore, a shift in the occurrence of peak levels (acrophase) and about 100 percent increase of the pituitary sensitivity to GnRH was observed. The castration also resulted in a shift in the acrophase of serum gonadotropins levels. In conclusion, the presented data suggest that the gonadal secretion possibly maintains the circadian periodicity of hypothalamo-pituitary gonadotropic function. PMID- 6780309 TI - The hormonal basis of reproductive defects in athymic mice: diminished gonadotropin concentrations in prepubertal females. AB - Congenitally nude athymic female mice are known to have severe deficiencies in reproductive function, including reduced ovarian weight, increased follicular atresia, decreased fertility, and premature ovarian failure, in comparison to their phenotypically normal heterozygous littermates. To determine the hormonal basis for these reproductive defects, pituitary and circulating concentrations of gonadotropins and circulating levels of gonadal steroids were quantitated in 132 congenitally athymic mice and 126 of their normal heterozygous littermates, ranging in age from 1-120 days. Although prepubertal increases in both circulating LH and FSH, which were maximal at 10 days of age, were observed in both athymic and heterozygous females, the concentrations were reduced significantly in the athymic animals (P less than 0.01). Dramatic increases in the pituitary concentrations of both LH and FSH followed at 20 days, with the concentrations in heterozygotes being 3-fold greater than those in the athymic mice (P less than 0.01 for LH; P less than 0.001 for FSH). These abnormalities in pituitary gonadotropin concentrations in the athymic mice were followed by a 2- to 3-fold reduction in the secretion of estrone but not estradiol in athymic females 30 days and older. Serum androgen levels were also reduced. From these data we infer that the reduced gonadotropin concentrations observed in the athymic animals are responsible for their increased follicular atresia and premature ovarian failure and that the thymus gland appears to be essential for normal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. PMID- 6780310 TI - Ectopic pituitary transplants stimulate synthesis and release of follicle stimulating hormone in golden hamsters. AB - It was previously reported that PRL can stimulate FSH release in immature female rats and PRL-deficient male dwarf mice. We have examined the effects of PRL producing ectopic pituitary grafts on plasma FSH and LH levels in adult male golden hamsters during exposure to both long (14 h of light, 10 h of darkness) and short (5 h of flight, 19 h of darkness) photoperiods. In both groups, the presence of one pituitary graft resulted in a significant elevation of pituitary and plasma FSH levels. Although there were no statistically significant changes in the concentration of LH in the pituitary or plasma of either group. LH values were more variable than FSH values, and these findings do not rule out an effect on LH. To determine whether the ability of ectopic pituitary grafts to stimulate FSH release depends on changes in testicular or adrenal function, additional experiments were done in castrated male hamsters, in castrated males given testosterone propionate, and in castrated adrenalectomized hamsters maintained with injections of cortisol. The results indicate that the increase in FSH release in engrafted animals does not depend on the testes or the adrenals, but can be prevented by exogenous cortisol. In adult female hamsters, pituitary grafts increased plasma LH levels above the concentrations observed in diestrous, proestrous, or pregnant controls, but did not alter plasma FSH levels. In contrast, in ovariectomized and ovariectomized-estradiol benzoate-treated animals, pituitary grafts increased plasma FSH levels without significantly affecting plasma LH. It is concluded that PRL-producing ectopic pituitary homografts significantly stimulate FSH synthesis and release in male golden hamsters, and that this effect is probably not mediated through the changes in gonadal or adrenal function. PMID- 6780311 TI - The effect of pinealectomy on seasonal changes in prolactin secretion in the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus borealis). AB - Surgery was performed on four buck and four doe 9-month-old white-tailed deer in March of 1978. Pinealectomy was performed on two deer of each sex, and the remaining animals received sham operations. At monthly intervals over the following year, baseline and TRH-stimulated (200 microgram/deer, iv bolus) serum PRL was measured over a 3-h period by RIA. Baseline PRL levels in sham-operated animals followed a circannual pattern, with peak levels occurring in June (74-237 ng/ml for does; 34-193 ng/ml for bucks) and lowest levels occurring in midwinter (0.41-0.44 ng/ml for does; 0.10-0.13 ng/ml for bucks). Pituitary responsivity to TRH followed the same patterns as that seen for basal PRL levels in sham-operated deer, with the highest peak serum PRL responses in June (198-568 ng/ml for does; 190-395 ng/ml for bucks) and the lowest peaks seen in midwinter (0.27-0.80 ng/ml for dose; 0.29-2.62 ng/ml for bucks). Pinealectomy appeared to abolish the circannual basal serum PRL rhythms in bucks, while this rhythm was maintained in does. Basal PRL levels in pinealectomized bucks ranged from 0.36-10.5 ng/ml, and basal levels in pinealectomized does ranged from 0.10-29.4 ng/ml. The greatest peak PRL response to TRH in pinealectomized deer was seen in August (41.2-93.4 ng/ml for does; 32.0-40.5 ng/ml for bucks), while the lowest peak response occurred in January (0.33-11.0 ng/ml for does; 0.50-17.0 ng/ml for bucks). Both sexes retained a degree of seasonality in their pituitary responsiveness to TRH, but the magnitude of the response in pinealectomized deer was greatly diminished in the summer months and increased in the winter months. Our results show that pinealectomy alters the naturally occurring photoperiod-linked seasonal profile of serum PRL in white-tailed deer and the associated pituitary responsiveness to TRH. PMID- 6780312 TI - Influence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on the secretion of thyrotropin in neonatal rats. AB - Two hours after the ip administration of TRH antiserum, no change in serum TSH concentration was observed in the rat from birth through day 5 of life. Under the same conditions, a significant reduction in serum TSH was observed in 7- to 14 day-old rats. Similarly, in neonatal hypothyroidism, TSH levels did not change in 1-day-old rats, whereas a significant decrease was observed on day 7. The administration of synthetic TRH during the neonatal period induced a significant increase of serum TSH in the newborn; however, TSH release by the pituitary gland increased progressively from days 3-10. Immunoreactive TRH was undetectable in the serum of newborn rats. Adult levels were reached when the rats were 10 days old. It is concluded that neonatal pituitary-thyroid function in the rat is not physiologically dependent upon TRH secretion, although synthetic TRH is able to stimulate the secretion of TSH at birth. PMID- 6780313 TI - Application of the protein A-gold technique for electron microscopic demonstration of polypeptide hormones. AB - The protein A-gold (pAg) technique enables the electron microscopic detection of antigenic material on thin sections of aldehyde-fixed and Epon-embedded tissue. Application of this technique to the endocrine pancreas and gastrointestinal mucosa using antisera against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide, gastrin, and neurotensin allowed these polypeptides to be localized in the secretory granules of the corresponding specific cell types. The small size of marker gold particles permitting the precise identification of the labeled organelles coupled to the high specificity of the binding represent further evidence that the protein A-gold technique can be used as a general cytochemical reagent for the visualization of antigen-bound antibodies on thin sections. PMID- 6780314 TI - Abundance of immunoreactive thyrotropin-releasing hormone-like material in the alfalfa plant. AB - Immunoreactive TRH (IR-TRH) is found in high concentrations (157 +/- 6 ng/g) in extracts of a plant, alfalfa. On high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), most alfalfa TRH showed an increased retention time compared to synthetic TRH. Since the plant extract eluted after synthetic TRH on both Sephadex G-10 and Biogel P-2 chromatography, it does not appear to be an aggregate or a "big" TRH. Incubation with rat serum caused degradation of alfalfa TRH at a rate similar to synthetic TRH. Since the antibody against TRH is highly specific for the N and C terminal ends of the molecule, a point change at the His could explain the nature of alfalfa TRH. The biologic function of material resembling a mammalian hypothalamic releasing factor in this location is unknown, but its presence in the plant kingdom may have evolutionary significance. PMID- 6780315 TI - Interactions between 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in the control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. AB - After preincubation of rat anterior pituitary cells in culture for 48 h with 10( 9) M 17 beta-estradiol (E2), basal LH release is increased 1- to 2-fold, while the concentration of LHRH required to induce a half-maximal stimulation (ED50) of LH release is approximately 50% reduced. The presence of 10(-7) M progesterone (P) alone for 48 h has no effect on LH release, but it inhibits the sensitizing action of E2 on the LH response to LHRH. This inhibitory effect of P on the E2 induced increase of LH responsiveness to LHRH is similar to the effect of androgens. While not affecting the LHRH ED50 for FSH release, P stimulates both basal FSH release and the maximal FSH response to LHRH. This effect of P is potentiated by simultaneous incubation in the presence of E2. The stimulatory effect of E2 alone on LH release is exerted at an ED50 value of 1-2 x 10(-11) M. A similar ED50 value is found for the potentiating effect of E2 on the P-induced stimulation of FSH release. The stimulatory effect of E2 on LH responsiveness to LHRH appears to be due to changes in the sensitivity of the release mechanisms in gonadotrophs, since the total hormone content (release plus cell content) is not affected by E2 under the same experimental conditions. The stimulatory effect of P on FSH release is measured at an ED50 value of 1 x 10(-8) M and is maximal after approximately 8 h of incubation with the steroid. While not affecting total LH, P increases total FSH (release plus cell content), indicating that the stimulatory effect of P on FSH release could be secondary to changes in the hormone content of cells. PMID- 6780316 TI - Lateral hypothalamic mediation of midbrain catecholaminergic influences on preovulatory surges of serum gonadotropin and prolactin in female rats. AB - To investigate the involvement of the midbrain ascending pathways in the control of ovulation, bilateral coronal transections were produced at three rostro-caudal levels in the lateral hypothalamus as well as in the lateral forebrain on the day of proestrus. Although lateral forebrain transections failed to block spontaneous ovulation, transections in both the anterolateral hypothalamus (ALH) and the midlateral hypothalamus blocked ovulation and the proestrous surges of serum LH, FSH, and PRL. When electrochemical stimulation was applied to the diagonal band of Broca, ovulation could be induced in animals with ALH transections. Moreover, the effects of intraventricular saline, norepinephrine (NE; 40 microgram), or dopamine (40 microgram) on the induction of preovulatory surges of serum gonadotropin and PRL were examined in proestrous rats with ALH transections. Ovulation was restored by the intraventricular injection of NE, but not of dopamine. In ALH-transected animals which ovulated in response to intraventricular NE, serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and PRL were higher than those of ALH-transected animals injected with saline. These results suggest that the lateral hypothalamus plays an important role in the control of preovulatory surges of serum gonadotropin and PRL by mediating the midbrain catecholaminergic innervation of the preoptic-hypothalamic area. PMID- 6780317 TI - Short loop feedback system for the control of follicle-stimulating hormone in the rabbit. AB - Studies were designed to assess whether a short loop feedback control for FSH existed in the rabbit. Castrated adult female animals bearing chronically implanted Silastic catheters to permit frequent blood sampling were studied without anesthesia. Ovine FSH was administered as an iv bolus in doses ranging between 0.1-500 micrograms. Endogenous rabbit FSH was quantified using a RIA that did not cross-react with ovine FSH. Blood samples were obtained before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after the injection. Each animal was tested at two or more dose levels on different days. Ovine FSH produced suppression of rabbit FSH secretion within 5 min after injection. The minimum effective dose was 1 microgram; maximal suppression occurred with 50-100 micrograms ovine FSH. This short loop feedback control system was specific for FSH; ovine FSH, even at high doses, failed to suppress endogenous rabbit LH. This is the first direct demonstration of a negative short loop feedback control for FSH and the first entirely specific control for the FSH system to be described. PMID- 6780318 TI - Antiestrogens and ovine gonadotrophs: antagonism of estrogen-induced changes in gonadotropin secretions. AB - 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) was found to affect gonadotrophs in long term ovine pituitary cell culture in several ways which were easily measured. It inhibited basal FSH secretion and, concomitantly, stimulated LH secretion. High physiological levels of E2 (10(-10) M; 27 pg/ml) were able to elicit about 70% of the maximal responses, and the effects were developed fully between 6-24 h after the addition of E2. In culture, the antiestrogens (AEs) tamoxifen, nafoxidine, and CI-680 antagonized both the inhibitory and stimulatory effects of E2 (10(-10) M) on gonadotropin secretion in a dose-dependent manner, and 10(-6) M AE was fully effective. At concentrations of 10(-6) M or lower, the AEs showed no significant intrinsic estrogenicity. At higher concentrations, the AEs progressively altered gonadotropin secretion in an apparently nonspecific fashion. Preincubations of cultures with AEs (3.3 X 10(-6) M) antagonized E2 action (10(-10) M) for approximately 18-24 h after the removal of AEs. Tamoxifen appeared to be the most potent AE tested. In conclusion, long term ovine pituitary cell cultures have provided a useful in vitro system for testing the biological potencies of AE analogs. AEs appeared to act as pure estrogen antagonists in ovine gonadotrophs. PMID- 6780319 TI - Effects of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin-releasing hormone on thyrotropin biosynthesis by mouse pituitary tumor cells in vitro. AB - Mouse thyrotropic tumor cells grown in primary culture were shown to synthesize TSH and proteins, as determined by the incorporation of radioactive proline into immunoprecipitable TSH and trichloroacetic acid-precipitable proteins. The net TSH content of the cells and medium determined by RIA is also increased during 24 h of incubation, and newly formed hormone is detected in the medium within 1 h after the addition of proline tracer. To study the effect of T4 and T3 on TSH synthesis, cultures were pulse-labeled with [3H]proline after they had been exposed to either T3 or T4. After 48 but not 24 h, exposure to either T3 or T4 was followed by inhibition. When studied after 48 h of incubation, T4, (10(-13) M) or T3 (10(-11) M) at the lowest concentration tested, was inhibitory to TSH synthesis. At concentrations of T4 and T3 greater than 10(-9) M, the inhibitory effects on TSH synthesis were partially reversed, suggesting a biphasic response. Incubation in TRH (10(-7) M) for 24 h led to a significant increase in TSH synthesis, total protein, acid-precipitable protein, and total DNA. The effect of TRH on TSH biosynthesis was a function of the logarithm of its concentration over the range of 10(-11)-10(-7) M. The inhibitory action of 10(-6) M T3 on TSH synthesis was reversed by exposure to 10(-10) or 10(-7) M TRH. PMID- 6780320 TI - Sertoli cell nuclear transcriptional activity: stimulation by follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone in vitro. PMID- 6780321 TI - A seminiferous tubular factor is not obligatory for regulation of plasma follicle stimulating hormone in the rat. AB - Plasma testosterone, FSH, and LH levels were measured by RIA in sham-castrate control rats and in castrate male rats with testosterone-containing Silastic capsule implants to evaluate the relative contribution of testosterone and inhibin in maintaining normal FSH secretion in vivo. Silastic capsules maintaining normal testosterone levels maintained normal levels of both FSH and LH over the 5-day course of these studies. The data suggest that testosterone or its metabolites can account for at least 78%, and possibly all, of the FSH suppressing activity of the testis. The data do not support an obligatory role for other testicular factors, such as inhibin, in the regulation of plasma FSH when normal testosterone levels are maintained. PMID- 6780322 TI - Evidence for a hypothalamic site of action of inhibin to suppress FSH release. AB - To determine if inhibin has a hypothalamic site of action to suppress FSH release, highly purified inhibin preparations from the rete testis fluid (RTF) of rams were injected into adult male rats which had been orchidectomized (ORDX) 24 hours earlier. Third ventricular (3rd V) injection of a potent inhibin fraction (RTF 38-I) significantly depressed plasma FSH concentrations, without influencing LH, 4-10 h after treatment. A less active preparation of inhibin (RTF 38-II) at the same dose had no effect. A higher dose of another less potent fraction (RTF 1A) significantly reduced FSH 2-6 h following 3rd V administration, accompanied by slight but significant decrements in LH at 2 and 4 only. To determine responsiveness of the pituitary, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) was injected intravenously at 6 h. It induced similar elevations of FSH and LH in inhibin- and saline-treated groups. Systemic administration of RTF 38-II at a dose 2.5-fold higher than the dose effective centrally failed to modify either FSH or LH levels up to 6 h. These results provide evidence that inhibin from the male can preferentially suppress FSH release by a CNS site of action in addition to its well-known pituitary site of action. PMID- 6780323 TI - Ovarian feedback control of follicle-stimulating hormone in the ewe: evidence for selective suppression. AB - The role of estradiol and progesterone in the feedback control of FSH secretion during the ovine estrous cycle was examined in three experiments. In the first, FSH was monitored in serum obtained every 4 h throughout the normal cycle. Although there was considerable variability among animals, the mean FSH concentration was elevated 1-2 days after estrus, then declined gradually to a midluteal phase nadir, and remained there until the preovulatory FSH surge on estrus. In the second study, the contribution of estradiol and progesterone to the determination of this pattern was analyzed. Ewes were ovariectomized 2 days after estrus, and the physiological pattern and level of each steroid were reproduced, alone or in combination, by sequential additions and removals of Silastic implants. None of the treatments maintained physiological concentrations of FSH, although some suppression by steroids was evident. In contrast, the time course of LH in ewes receiving estradiol plus progesterone was virtually identical to that in intact ewes. In the last study, the feedback actions of the preovulatory estradiol rise were examined by producing a variety of physiological estradiol increments under conditions which simulated the follicular phase of the cycle. Again, the estradiol rise could not account for the low basal level of FSH typical of the follicular phase, whereas basal LH was normal. A normal FSH surge, however, was reliably induced by estradiol. These results support the hypothesis that an ovarian hormone other than estradiol or progesterone contributes to the feedback control of tonic FSH secretion during the ovine estrous cycle. Further, since these two steroids can account for secretion of LH, this putative hormone most likely selectively suppress FSH. PMID- 6780324 TI - Differential effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on follicle stimulating hormone-dependent responses in rat granulosa cells and Sertoli cells in vitro. AB - The abilities of LHRH and a potent LHRH agonist ([D-Ser-(But),6, des-Gly NH210]LHRH ethylamide) inhibit FSH responses by rat granulosa cells and Sertoli cells in vitro have been compared. Granulosa cells isolated from 22- or 25-day old diethylstilbestrol-primed rats and cultured under defined conditions for 48 h with NIH-FSH-S13 (300 ng/ml) or cholera toxin (0.1 microgram/ml) showed increased aromatase activity, as determined by the release of 3H2O from [1 beta 3H]testosterone. LHRH (10(-7) M) or th agonist (10(-8) M) added simultaneously with FSH or cholera toxin inhibited the effects on the release of 3H2O without influencing the protein content of the cell cultures. A smaller stimulation of 3H2O production occurred with (Bu)2cAMP (1.0 mM) plus 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (0.1 mM), and this was partially suppressed in the presence of LHRH or the agonist. Parallel studies with Sertoli cells from 15- or 20-day-old rats demonstrated that culture under appropriate conditions with FSH, cholera toxin, or (Bu)2cAMP (0.5 mM) for 24 h caused an increase in cellular aromatase activity and enhanced secretion into the medium of plasminogen activator. However, no inhibition by LHRH (10(-7) or 10(-9) M) or the agonist (10(-6) or 10(-8) M) occurred when the peptides were added either simultaneously or 24 h before the stimulatory agent. Similarly, Sertoli cells from 11-day-old rats treated daily with LHRH agonist for 5 days in culture, showed no inhibition of aromatase activity after a 4-h stimulation with FSH or (Bu)2cAMP. FSH dose-response curves (0-300 ng/ml) for aromatase activity were shown to be similar after 5 days of culture with or without 10(-8) M LHRH agonist, indicating that the LHRH did not cause a shift in the sensitivity to FSH. The lack of inhibition was seen in Sertoli cell cultures maintained at 37 or 32 C. The enzyme digestion method used to isolated Sertoli cells was not responsible for the lack of effects of LHRH, since cell cultures prepared without the aid of proteolytic enzymes showed similar FSH stimulation of aromatase activity in the presence or absence of 10( 8) M agonist. Further, there was no evidence of degradation of the LHRH agonist when incubated with Sertoli cell cultures. From these studies, we conclude that 1) granulosa cells and Sertoli cells from immature rats differ in their responses to LHRH, and 2) the immature Sertoli cell is an unlikely target for a direct inhibiting influence of LHRH on spermatogenesis. PMID- 6780325 TI - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. VII. Circulating luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in mid- and late gestation. PMID- 6780326 TI - Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus. IX. Luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone response to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in mid- and late gestation and in the neonate. PMID- 6780327 TI - Regulation of de novo biosynthesis of thyrotropin in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic thyrotrophs. PMID- 6780328 TI - Clinical evaluation of measuring glycosylated hemoglobin levels for assessing the long-term blood glucose control in diabetics. AB - The glycosylated hemoglobin levels were determined in the hemolysates obtained from 14 normal subjects and 67 patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus, using the column chromatographic procedure of Trivelli et al. The levels of hemoglobin A1a+b (HbA1a+b) and HbA1c and the sum of HbA1a+b and HbA1c (HbA1a+b+HbA1c) in normal subjects averaged 2.3 +/- 0.4 (SD)%, 5.3 +/- 0.8% and 7.6 +/- 1.0%, respectively. Although a slight increase in HbA1a+b was found in patients with diabetes mellitus (mean +/- SD=2.8 +/- 0.7%), it was not significantly different from that in normal subjects. Despite the wide range, HbA1c and HbA1a+b+HbA1c were significantly increased in patients with diabetes mellitus (6.9 +/- 1.8% for HbA1c, p < 0.01 and 9.7 +/- 2.2% for HbA1a+b+HbA1c, p < 0.01). A significant correlation existed between the glycosylated hemoglobins and plasma glucose levels determined in the same blood (r = +0.57, p < 0.001). Moreover, the glycosylated hemoglobin levels correlated significantly with the average glucose levels for several months preceding the hemoglobin measurements. In particular, a striking correlation was evident in the plots of HbA1a+b+HbA1c against the mean plasma glucose for 3 months prior to the hemoglobin measurements, which had a correlation coefficient of 0.79 (p < 0.001). The present findings revealed that the glycosylated hemoglobins reflect the time-averaged blood glucose levels in diabetics for during approximately the proceeding 3 months, indicating the usefulness of measuring the glycosylated hemoglobins in assessing the long-term blood glucose control in diabetics. PMID- 6780329 TI - Changes in plasma progestin, prolactin, LH and FSH at luteal activation with phenobarbital anesthesia in the rat. AB - Progesterone (P), 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OHP), prolactin (PRL), LH and FSH in peripheral blood plasma were measured during the early stages of phenobarbital-induced pseudopregnancy (PHB-PSP; Furudate, 1975) and the changes in these hormone levels were compared with those during the 5-day estrous cycle and early stages of ordinary pseudopregnancy (PSP) induced by cervical stimulation. During the cycle, surging releases of LH, FSH and PRL occurred in the afternoon of the first day of vaginal estrus (E1) and levels of these hormones were low during the other stages. Two large rises in P were observed; one in the afternoon of day E1 and the other during 2 days of vaginal diestrus (D1 and D2). 20 alpha-OHP showed daily diurnal rises sometime between 1600 and 2300 hr. A phenobarbital (PHB) injection (100 mg/kg, sc) at 1900 hr on D1 initiated daily PRL surges, which were similar to those observed following cervical stimulation though of less magnitude, without altering the levels of LH and FSH significantly. Continued elevation of P and lowering of 20 alpha-OHP levels were observed as during the ordinary PSP. Continued vaginal diestrus of PHB-PSP was blocked by simultaneous injections of bromoergocryptine (CB-154; 1 mg, sc) and PHB. In addition, the PSP-like vaginal diestrus was evident in all the rats receiving PRL administration twice daily for 3 consecutive days, staring at 2100 hr on D1. Therefore, PRL surges induced by PHB administration will be solely responsible for the luteal functionalization in PHB-PSP rats. PMID- 6780330 TI - Growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in cancer patients. AB - Plasma GH responses to TRH were investigated in 50 cancer patients. Out of 50 cancer patients, 33 were found to be responders. At 15, 30 and 60 min after TRH injection, the mean values GH for cancer patients was significantly higher than the corresponding value for normal controls and the base-line level following saline injection in cancer patients (p < 0.001). Our results suggests that a possible alteration of hypothalamic-pituitary function regulating GH secretion may occur in patients with cancer. PMID- 6780331 TI - Radioimmunoassay method for baboon plasma gonadotropins. AB - Double antibody radioimmunoassay methods were developed for the determination of baboon luteinizing hormone (bLH) and follicle stimulating hormone (bFSH). The bLH radioimmunoassay employs a unique anti-ovine LH serum (GDN-15) and ovine LH (LER 1056-C2) for radioiodination, while the bFSH radioimmunoassay employs an heterologous system, i.e., an anti-ovine FSH serum (H-31) and purified human FSH for radioiodination. The reference standard used in both assays is a crude rhesus pituitary extract (LER-1909-2). Elevated endogeneous baboon plasma TSH and prolactin induced by the intravenous administration of 500 microgram of TRH had no influence on the levels of LH and FSH, whereas simultaneous intravenous administration of 100 microgram LHRH and 500 microgram TRH raised the levels of LH and FSH in plasma. hPRL, hCG, hTSH and hGH did not cross react with either the bLH or the bFSH assay system. The determination of plasma LH and FSH concentrations in daily samples from 6 mature female baboons throughout ovulatory menstrual cycles revealed patterns qualitatively similar to those of the rhesus monkey and human females. PMID- 6780332 TI - DNA-synthesis-stimulating activity in the sera of anorexia nervosa. AB - Serum factors which stimulate DNA synthesis were investigated in patients with anorexia nervosa. The factors were assayed by examining [3H]-thymidine incorporation into the nuclei of human fibroblasts in culture using autoradiography. The mean percentage of labeled nuclei (labeling index) induced by serum was significantly lower (p < 0.005) in 5 patients with anorexia nervosa (21.0 +/- 5.9 percent, mean +/- S.D.) than in 5 normal adult subjects (33.9 +/- 3.3 percent). Two of the patients with anorexia nervosa were treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). In one of the IVH treated patients, the labeling index increased from 17.4 to 32.8 percent at the 6th week of treatment, and in the other increased from 19.4 to 29.8 percent at the 4th week. In both patients, body weight increased by 1.5 to 2 kg. IVH in these patients increased DNA-synthesis-stimulating activity. PMID- 6780333 TI - Pollen genetic markers for detection of mutagens in the environment. AB - To utilize and exploit pollen for in situ mutagen monitoring, screening and toxicology, the range of genetic traits in pollen must be identified and analyzed. Traits that can be considered include ornamentation, shape and form, male sterility viability, intraspecific incompatibility, proteins and starch deposition. To be useful for the development of mutagen detection systems proteins should be: (1) activity stainable or immunologically identifiable in the pollen, (2) the products of one to three loci, and (3) gametophytic and nuclear in origin. Several proteins including alcohol dehydrogenase in maize, which meet those criteria will be discussed. The waxy locus in barley and maize which controls starch deposition has been characterized genetically and methods have been developed for pollen screening and mutant detection. At Washington State University a waxy pollen system is being developed in barley for in situ mutagen monitoring. The basis is an improved method for staining and scoring waxy pollen mutants. Specific base substitution, frameshift, and deletion mutant lines are being developed to provide information about the nature of the mutations induced by environmental mutagens. Thirty waxy mutant lines, induced by sodium azide and gamma-rays have been selected and are being characterized for spontaneous and induced reversion frequencies, allelism, karyotype, amylose content, and UDP glucose glucosyltransferase (waxy gene product) activity. Twelve mutant alleles are being mapped by recombinant frequencies. PMID- 6780334 TI - Genetic and biochemical characterization of waxy mutants in cereals. AB - During fine structure analyses of artificially induced waxy mutants in maize by use of Nelson's pollen analysis methods, it was noticed that some mutants showed a phenotype intermediate between waxy and normal nonwaxy. Such intermediate or leaky waxy mutants were frequent among mutants induced by a chemical mutagen, EMS. They seemed to be located evenly within the waxy locus. This would suggest that they might have been missense mutations, which would produce full-sized but partially inactivated enzymes, rather than deletions or frameshift mutations. To confirm the intermediate phenotype, a rapid measuring system was developed to measure waxiness of endosperm quantitatively. It was based on the blue value method and is applicable to a single grain of rice. Among the 27 waxy mutant lines of maize, including 11 EMS-induced, two of the EMS-induced mutants were clearly intermediate. Eighteen EMS induced wx mutants of rice were also examined, and nine were intermediate. PMID- 6780335 TI - Germinal cell mutagenesis in specially designed maize genotypes. AB - We have used three inbreds of Zea mays in our in situ and laboratory studies in environmental mutagenesis. Inbred W22 plants homozygous for wx-C were used in a study to detect the possible mutagenic properties of 32 pesticides or combination of pesticides under modern agricultural conditions. The large numbers of pollen grains analyzed and the ease in detecting mutant pollen grains enabled us to treat the experimental plants with field recommended rates of pesticides. In a current study we are evaluating the possible mutagenicity of Chicago municipal sewage sludge. We are measuring the frequency of mutant pollen grains in inbred M14 at both the wx-C and wx-90 heteroalleles. These plants were exposed to various concentrations of municipal sewage sludge under field conditions. We have inbred Early-Early Synthetic for five generations and tested this inbred with known mutagens. Early-Early Synthetic is a rapidly maturing inbred growing from kernel to anthesis in approximately 4 weeks and attaining a height of approximately 50 cm. Plants of this inbred have been chronically treated with ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) or maleic hydrazide (MH) under laboratory conditions and forward mutation at the wx locus was measured in the pollen grains. EMS and MH were mutagenic at concentrations of 1 microM and 10 nM, respectively. The concentrations of EMS and MH were calibrated in Early-Early Synthetic to a linear increase in the frequency of forward mutant pollen grains. The construction of a maize monitor for environmental mutagens is currently in progress. This assay will measure forward or reverse mutation at the wx locus in pollen grains, point mutation in somatic cells and will incorporate a cytogenetic endpoint in root-tip cells. PMID- 6780336 TI - Absorption and elimination of penicillin in children with malnutrition. PMID- 6780337 TI - Ventilatory CO2 response in endurance-trained rats. AB - A CO2 rebreathing technique was used to assess possible changes in the ventilatory response to CO2 in rats following a 14-week swim training program. Over the final 9 weeks, the rats swam 1 hr per day with a weight of 2.5% of the body weight attached to the tail. Ventilation was measured by a barometric method in awake, restrained rats in a total body plethysmography at CO2 concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%, with an initial O2 concentration of approximately 100%. Ventilation increased in the trained rats with increasing CO2 from 775ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 0% CO2 to 1,387 ml . min-1 . kg-1 at 8% CO2. This increase was a consequence of a 34% increase in tidal volume and a 32% increase in breathing frequency. In comparison with a group of sedentary control rats, there was a significantly higher ventilation and tidal volume at 0% CO2; however, this difference disappeared with increasing levels of CO2. A significantly lower resting heart rate was observed in the exercised (296 +/- 44 beats . min-1, mean +/- SD) compared to the sedentary control rats 380 +/- 42). It was concluded that, while the normal training response of resting bradycardia was observed following this duration and intensity of training, endurance swimming had no significant effect on the ventilatory response to CO2 in the rat. PMID- 6780338 TI - Influence of exposure to moderate altitude on the plasma concentraton of cortisol, aldosterone, renin, testosterone, and gonadotropins. AB - The influence of 11 days at moderate altitude (2,000 m) combined with exercise on plasma concentration of testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), cortisol, aldosterone, and renin activity was studied in ten healthy subjects. Within 48 h of arrival at moderate altitude a significant increase in testosterone was found whereas FSH had decreased significantly and LH showed a tendency to decrease. Cortisol increased significantly at the beginning and reached a maximum at the end of altitude exposure. The plasma aldosterone level rose continuously and on the last day of altitude was significantly elevated. Plasma renin activity showed a tendency to decrease. On return to low land all measured parameters returned to base line values within 2 days. The findings of increases in plasma levels of aldosterone and testosterone (and serum T3 and T4, as reported by others) are in contrast to the previously found decrease of urinary excretion of all these hormones. This appears to be a distinct dissociation of serum levels of adrenal (and thyroid) hormones from their urinary excretion. The observed increase in plasma aldosterone is probably mediated through ACTH and the rise in plasma potassium, since plasma renin activity showed an opposite trend. The rise in plasma testosterone is probably of adrenal origin since plasma gonadotropins declined simultaneously. The increase of plasma levels of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens after an ascent from 600 m to 2,000 m above sea level is compatible with an ACTH-mediated stimulation of the entire adrenal cortex and/or a diminished elimination of adrenal steroids: The concomitant fall of FSH, LH, and plasma renin would then be a consequence of a direct negative feedback inhibition of these hormones. PMID- 6780339 TI - Acid-base balance and plasma glutamine concentration in man. AB - Plasma glutamine concentrations were measured in chronic metabolic acidosis and alkalosis in healthy male volunteers. Metabolic acidosis resulted in a significant drop in glutamine concentration while metabolic alkalosis significantly elevated glutamine levels. These changes in glutamine concentration correlated with both the bicarbonate and PCO2 levels. To determine whether bicarbonate or PCO2 levels influence the glutamine concentrations, respectively acidosis was induced by respiring 5% CO2. This resulted in a significant elevation in both PCO2 and glutamine while bicarbonate levels remained unchanged. The results demonstrate an effect of acid-base alterations upon plasma glutamine concentration mediated by PCO2. PMID- 6780340 TI - Comparative immunochemical studies of cytochrome P-450CAM of Pseudomonas putida and of cytochrome P-450SCC of bovine adrenocortical mitochondria. PMID- 6780341 TI - Membrane mutants: a yeast mutant with a lesion in phosphatidylserine biosynthesis. AB - A single-gene nuclear choline-requiring mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was studied. Choline as a growth supplement to synthetic media could be substituted by low concentrations of dimethylethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine or ethanolamine. DL-Serine also supported growth, but only at high concentrations: on a molar basis it was approximately one hundred times less effective than choline. When cultured in unsupplemented medium the mutant cells soon ceased to grow. The growth-arrested cells contained less than one fifth of the phosphatidylethanolamine present in wild-type cells and only traces of phosphatidylserine. The relative content of the two phospholipid species was raised by growing the mutant cells in the presence of choline of the other supplements but still remained lower than in wild-type cells. The mutant cells depleted of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine had greatly diminished ability to fuse with other cells in mating and their protoplasts showed increased resistance to hypotonic lysis. Respiration was not substantially affected by the deficit of the two phospholipid species in the mutant. In cell free preparations, the affinity of the phosphatidylserine synthesizing system for serine was found to be almost two orders of magnitude lower in the mutant than in the wild-type. The impairment of phosphatidylserine synthesis accounts for growth requirement and the abnormal phospholipid composition of the mutant cells. PMID- 6780342 TI - Aldrin epoxidation catalyzed by purified rat-liver cytochromes P-450 and P-448. High selectivity for cytochrome P-450. AB - Aldrin epoxidation was studied in monooxygenase systems reconstituted from purified rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 or P-448, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate. Cytochrome P-450, purified from hepatic microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rats, exhibited a high rate of dieldrin formation. The low enzyme activity observed in the absence of the lipid and sodium cholate was increased threefold by addition of dilauroylphosphatidylcholine and was further stimulated twofold by addition of sodium cholate. The apparent Km for aldrin in the complete system was 7 +/- 2 microM. SKF 525-A, at a concentration of 250 microM, inhibited aldrin epoxidation by 65%, whereas 7,8-benzoflavone had no inhibitory effect at concentrations up to 250 microM. Addition of ethanol markedly increased epoxidase activity. The increase was threefold in the presence of 5% ethanol. When cytochrome P-448 purified from hepatic microsomes of 3-methylcholanthrene-treated rats was used, a very low rate of epoxidation was observed which was less than 3% of the activity mediated by cytochrome P-450 under similar assay conditions. Enzyme activity was independent of the lipid factor dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. The apparent Km for aldrin was 27 +/- 7 microM. The modifiers of monooxygenase reactions, 7,8 benzoflavone, SKF 525-A and ethanol, inhibited the activity mediated by cytochrome P-448. The I50 was 0.05, 0.2 and 800 mM, respectively. These results indicate that aldrin is a highly selective substrate for cytochrome P-450 species present in microsomes of phenobarbital-treated animals and is a poor substrate for cytochrome P-448. The two forms of aldrin epoxidase can be characterised by their turnover number, their apparent Km and their sensitivity to modifiers, like 7,8-benzoflavone and ethanol. PMID- 6780343 TI - Phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle: identification of the calmodulin-binding subunits. AB - Phosphorylase kinase has the structure (alpha beta gamma delta)4 where the delta subunit is identical to the calcium-binding protein termed calmodulin [Shenolikar et al. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 100, 329--337]. The delta-subunit was tightly bound to phosphorylase kinase in the absence of calcium ions, and its rate of exchange with [14C]calmodulin was only 15% per week. The delta-subunit remained associated with phophorylase kinase in the presence of 8 M urea provided that calcium ions were present and this property enabled electrophoretic techniques to be used which demonstrated that the delta-subunit was associated with the gamma subunit. This finding was confirmed by cross-linking experiments with dimethylsuberimidate which resulted in the formation of a gamma delta complex. Phosphorylase kinase was shown to bind one additional molecule of calmodulin per alpha beta gamma delta unit, termed the delta'-subunit. Glycerol gradient centrifugation in the presence of [14C]calmodulin indicated that the interaction of the delta'-subunit with phosphorylase kinase only occurred in the presence of calcium ions, and that the Kd value was near 0.01 microM. This was similar to the concentration of delta'-subunit which produced half-maximal activation. The delta'-subunit did not remain associated with phosphorylase kinase in the presence of 8 M urea, either in the presence or absence of calcium ions. The very slow exchange between the delta-subunit and [14C]calmodulin, and the calcium dependent binding of the delta'-subunit allowed cross-linking experiments to be used which demonstrated that the delta'-subunit was bound to both the alpha and beta subunits. This result was supported by the finding that selective proteolysis of either the alpha-subunit, or the alpha and beta subunits, decreased or abolished the ability of phosphorylase kinase to bind to calmodulin Sepharose. The roles of the different subunits in the regulation of phosphorylase kinase activity are discussed. PMID- 6780344 TI - The role of calcium ions, calmodulin and troponin in the regulation of phosphorylase kinase from rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 6780345 TI - Separation and characterization of an autolytic endo-beta-glucosaminidase from Bacillus cereus. AB - 1. An autolytic endo-beta-glucosaminidase, capable of cleaving the glycoside linkages of N-unsubstituted glucosamine in the glycan moiety of cell wall peptidoglycan, was purified 470-fold from a salt extract of the 2,000 x g precipitate fraction obtained after sonication of a lysozyme-resistant strain of Bacillus cereus. The properties of this enzyme were studied. 2. The purified enzyme preparation was also active towards the glycan chain of fully N-acetylated cell wall peptidoglycan. 3. The endo-beta-glucosaminidase was inactive towards the cell wall peptidoglycan unless the peptide portion of this polymer was removed either by the action of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase or by the treatment with alkali in aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide. 4. Studies on the action of this enzyme towards chemically modified glycans revealed that the carboxyl groups of muramic acid residues are indispensable to a substrate for this enzyme. PMID- 6780346 TI - Cockroach collagen: isolation, biochemical and biophysical characterization. AB - Collagen fibrils from the mesenteric connective sheath of the adult cockroach Periplaneta americana were extracted by enzymatic digestion with pepsin and were purified. Chromatographic studies and sodium dodecylsulfate electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single chain. It was demonstrated that the structure of this collagen could be represented by the formula (alpha)3. The amino acid composition is typical of collagens (one-third glycine, and a high imino acid content) and similar to that of type II. The carbohydrate content was high (8.8%), and the cyanogen bromide pattern was different from that of known collagens. The chains were linked by the stable intermolecular bond dihydroxylysinonorleucine. The banding patterns of the segment-long-spacing crystallites and of the reconstituted fibrils were similar to type I collagen. The molecular weight (Mr 280,000) and length (285 nm) were typical, but the denaturation temperature was high (38.5 degrees C). It was concluded that cockroach mesenteric collagen showed the characteristic features of invertebrate mesodermal collagens, except that of the thermal stability of the triple-helical structure. PMID- 6780347 TI - Non-specific biosynthesis of gammacerane derivatives by a cell-free system from the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. Conformations of squalene, (3S)-squalene epoxide and (3R)-squalene epoxide during the cyclization. AB - 1. A cell-free system from the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis was incubated with either [12-3H]squalene or (RS)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[12,13-3H]squalene. Squalene was cyclized into tetrahymanol whereas racemic squalene epoxide was transformed into gammacerane-3 alpha,21 alpha-diol and gammacerane-3 beta,21 alpha-diol. After cyclization of (RS)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[3-3H]squalene, both epimeric gammaceranediols were labelled with a tritium atom located at C-3, showing that no isomerization via a 3-oxo compound occurred. 2. The proton NMR spectra of the cyclization products of synthetic (2E, 22E)-(1,1,1,24,24,24 2H6)squalene and (RS)-(22E)-2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-(1,1,1,24,24,24-2H6)squalene show that squalene and the (3S)enantiomer of its epoxide are cyclized in an all pre-chair conformation, whereas the (3R) enantiomer of squalene epoxide is cyclized in a pre-boat conformation as concerns the cycle A. 3. The squalene cyclase of T. pyriformis presents the same lack of substrate specificity as the cyclase of Acetobacter pasteurianum: in addition to squalene, its normal substrate, it also cyclizes both enantiomers of its epoxide. This conformational versatility is characteristic of squalene cyclases but no longer exists in the squalene epoxide cyclases from eukaryotes. PMID- 6780348 TI - Non-specific lanosterol and hopanoid biosynthesis be a cell-free system from the bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus. AB - 1. A cell-free system from the bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus was incubated with [12-3H]-squalene; diploptene and diplopterol, normally present in the bacterium, were labelled. 2 The same cell-free system was incubated with (RS)-2,3 epoxy-2,3-dihydro-[3-3H]squalene. Several radioactive 3-hydroxytriterpenes were purifed. Lanosterol, which is normally present in this bacterium, was found labelled as well as 3-epilanosterol. In addition, radioactive 3 alpha-hydroxy and 3 beta-hydroxydiploptene were formed. 3. These data may be explained by the coexistence of two cyclases in M. capsulatus: a squalene/hopane cyclase and a squalene epoxide/lanosterol cyclase. The squalene cyclase exhibits the same lack of substrate specificity as those of Acetobacter pasteurianum and Tetrahymena pyriformis, i.e. in addition to its normal substrate squalene, it can cyclize the two enantiomers of squalene epoxide into 3-hydroxyhopanoids. 4. The presence of a squalene epoxide/lanosterol cyclase activity, which was suspected in view of the unique 3 beta-hydroxy 4 alpha-methyl steroids of M. capsulatus, was demonstrated by the labelling of lanosterol. More surprisingly 3-epilanosterol was also present and labelled. We showed that this does not derive from lanosterol by isomerization via a 3-oxo compound. Therefore the squalene expoxide cyclase of M. capsulatus, like the one of eukaryotes cyclizes the (3S) enantiomer of squalene epoxide into lanosterol. But it is definitely less substrate-specific as it can also cyclize the (3R) enantiomer into 3-epilanosterol. PMID- 6780349 TI - Nucleotide sequences of wheat-embryo cytosol 5-S and 5.8-S ribosomal ribonucleic acids. AB - The nucleotide sequences of wheat embryo 5.8-S and 5-S rRNAs have been determined with the use of several techniques, including classic analysis of oligonucleotides generated by ribonuclease T1 and resolution on gels of terminally labelled RNA partially degraded with ribonucleases or with chemical reagents. The sequence of wheat embryo 5.8-S rRNA was found to be (formula: see text). This sequence is compared to 5-S rRNA sequences previously published for wheat and several other angiosperms. PMID- 6780350 TI - Bovine kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Limited proteolysis and molecular structure of the lipoate acetyltransferase component. AB - 1. Bovine kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex is inactivated by elastase in a similar manner as described earlier for papain. The core component, lipoate acetyltransferase, is cleaved by elastase into an active fragment (Mr 26000) and a fragment with apparent Mr of 45000 as analyzed by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis. Due to the fragmentation of the core, the enzyme complex is disassembled into its component enzymes which retain their complete enzymatic activities as assayed separately. 2. A different mechanism was found for the inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex with trypsin and some other proteases (chymotrypsin, clostripain). In these cases, the pyruvate dehydrogenase component is inactivated rapidly by limited proteolysis. More slowly, the enzyme complex is disassembled simultaneously with fragmentation of the lipoate acetyltransferase which again results in an active fragment of Mr 26000 and another fragment of apparent Mr 45000. Upon prolonged proteolysis, the latter fragment is cleaved further to give products of Mr 36000 or lower. 3. The enzyme bound lipoyl residues of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex have been labelled covalently by incubation with [2-14C]pyruvate. After treatment of this [14C]acetyl-enzyme with papain, elastase, or trypsin, radioactivity was associated exclusively with the 45000-Mr and 36000-Mr fragments but not with the active 26000-Mr fragment. 4. It is concluded that the bovine kidney lipoate acetyltransferase core is composed of 60 subunits each consisting of two dissimilar folding domains. One of these contains the intersubunit binding sites as well as the active center for transacylation whereas the other possesses the enzyme-bound lipoyl residues. PMID- 6780351 TI - Hepatic glucokinase turnover in intact and adrenalectomized rats in vivo. AB - Regulation of synthesis and degradation of glucokinase, key enzyme of glucose metabolism in liver, was investigated in intact and adrenalectomized rats in vivo, using pulse-labeling experiments and a specific antibody against the enzyme. Refeeding glucose in starved rats resulted in a marked rise in glucokinase activity (from the starvation value 4.8 mU/mg protein to 9.6 mU/mg protein at 4 h, and to 21.8 mU/mg protein at 8 h), which closely correlated to the increase in enzyme synthesis by factor 1.7 at 4 h and 4.1 at 8 h. Similar alterations in enzyme activity and synthesis were observed after glucose refeeding in adrenalectomized/glucocorticoid-restored rats. In contrast, refeeding glucose in adrenalectomized rats led within 8 h only to a small elevation in enzyme activity (from the starvation value 4.2 mU/mg protein to 9.6 mU/mg protein) and a minor rise in enzyme synthesis (factor 1.7). Glucocorticoids per se were without effect on glucokinase activity and synthesis in starved rats. When adapted to pure glucose diet, intact, adrenalectomized and adrenalectomized/glucocorticoid-restored rats showed highly elevated levels in glucokinase (27, 23, 28 mU/mg protein, respectively). However, enzyme synthesis was elevated significantly only in intact and adrenalectomized/glucocorticoid restored rats. Under these conditions glucokinase degradation was estimated by the double-pulse-labeling technique, applying [14C]leucine and [3H]leucine. From the 3H/14C ratios the apparent half-lives were calculated: 17 h in intact and adrenalectomized/glucocorticoid-restored rats, and 35 h in adrenalectomized rats. It is concluded that in vivo glucocorticoids not only exert a 'permissive' action on glucokinase induction, but also enhance the degradation of the enzyme. PMID- 6780352 TI - Primary and tertiary structure studies of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. Isolation and alignment of the CNBr peptides; interactions of the protein with flavin adenine dinucleotide. AB - p-Hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens contains six methionine residues, one of which is N-terminal. After CNBr cleavage five peptides, ranging from 13 to 158 residues in length, and free homoserine were isolated and purified by repeated gel filtration. The alignment of the CNBr fragments was deduced from a 0.25-nm electron density map and sequence data. The isolated fragments account for the entire polypeptide chain. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminal quarter of the polypeptide chain was determined. The X ray results together with the sequence data yielded details of the binding of FAD. The AMP moiety was bound to a beta alpha beta unit resembling that found in the dehydrogenases. Hydrogen bonds were present between the protein and the ribityl residue and the isoalloxazine ring. Furthermore, a homology was found between the N-terminal amino acid sequence of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and another enzyme containing FAD, viz. D-amino acid oxidase. This finding suggests the presence of a mononucleotide binding fold at the N terminus of the latter. PMID- 6780353 TI - The amino-acid sequence of the three smallest CNBr peptides from p hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - After CNBr cleavage of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, five peptides and free homoserine were isolated (see preceding paper in this journal). The amino acid sequences of the three smallest peptides, viz. CB3, CB4 and CB5, were determined by automated Edman degradation and analysis of enzymatic subdigests. These peptides form a continuous stretch of 110 residues from the N terminus: (Formula: See Text). PMID- 6780354 TI - Value of the free triiodothyronine index. PMID- 6780355 TI - Pituitary-gonadal function in schoolboys with varicocele and indications of varicocelectomy. AB - Pituitary-gonadal functions were investigated by LH-RH test, HCG test and bilateral testicular biopsies in 5 boys with unilateral varicocele at various pubertal stages and the results were compared with those in the normal boys at puberty. The ages of the patients ranged from 12 to 18 years. With the progress of pubertal stage, both the basal value and response of serum FSH to LH-RH became higher as compared with normal boys. The basal value and response of serum LH showed no significant difference except for one case where higher values and no significant differences in the basal value and response of plasma testosterone to HCG stimulation were observed. The disturbance of spermatogenesis in the affected testis becomes prominent with the progress of puberty, while changes in the testis of opposite side were mild. PMID- 6780356 TI - Acute ethanol ingestion and haem biosynthesis in healthy subjects. AB - The effects of acute ethanol ingestion on the activities of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis in peripheral blood cells have been monitored in eight healthy subjects. The mitochondrial enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase were measured in leucocytes and the cytosolic enzymes ALA dehydratase, porphobilinogen (PBG) deaminase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in erythrocytes. Ingestion of 1 . 316 mol ethanol resulted in increased activity of the rate-controlling enzymes ALA synthase and PBG deaminase and decreased activity of the other four enzymes. There was also increased urinary excretion of coproporphyrin. These observations may be relevant to the biochemical mechanisms involved in the ethanol-related conditions, sideroblastic anaemia, cutaneous hepatic porphyria and hepatic siderosis. PMID- 6780357 TI - Hormonal and metabolic characteristics of genetically obese Zucker and dietary obese Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - The endocrine-metabolic plasma pattern and the capacity of isolated perfused livers to produce triglycerides and ketone bodies have been studied in genetically and diet-acquired obese rats (Zucker and Sprague-Dawley obese rats), and in control groups of the same strains. An increased plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio with hyperinsulinaemia and hypoglucagonaemia was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia, normal ketonaemia, elevated free fatty acids and normal or slight hyperglycaemia in obese rats. During oleate perfusion, the livers of Zucker and Sprague-Dawley obese rats showed an increase in triglyceride output and liver triglyceride content. The ketone body output as well as the mitocondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase activity were normal or slightly decreased. In our rat population, a positive correlation between the insulin/glucagon molar ratio and triglyceride output has been found. PMID- 6780358 TI - Effect of indomethacin upon the renin--angiotensin system in patients with Bartter's syndrome. AB - This study reports on the influence of indomethacin upon the renin--angiotensin system in three patients with Bartter's syndrome. An analogue of angiotensin II with weak agonistic properties (succinamyl1-val5-phenylglycine-acetate8 angiotensin II) induced a fall of blood pressure and a rise of plasma renin concentration but no change in plasma aldosterone. Pretreatment with indomethacin (75 mg/day) reversed the hypotensive effect of the analogue of angiotensin II and abolished the increase of plasma renin concentration. It is concluded that elevated levels of endogenous angiotensin II are of major importance for the maintenance of blood pressure in patients with Bartter's syndrome. The inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins reversed some, though not all, of the metabolic abnormalities in this syndrome. PMID- 6780359 TI - Lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by cultured human intestinal mucosa. AB - We tested whether cultured human jejunal mucosa incorporates fatty acid into esterified lipids and whether organ culture can serve as a model system to study lipoprotein secretion by the human gut. Jejunal biopsies obtained from seven subjects were cultured for 24 h in medium containing 2 microCi of [3H]palmitic acid. More than 95% of the radioactivity incorporated by the tissue was found to be associated with esterified lipids: triglycerides, cholesterol esters and phospholipids, 7 . 8 +/- 1 . 2, 0 . 5 +/- 0 . 1 and 14 . 0 +/- 1 . 5 nmol/10 mg weight respectively. During the culture labelled triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesterol esters were secreted to the medium. Most of the newly synthesized esterified lipids in the medium were found in the d < 1 . 019 g/ml and d = 1 . 019--1 . 063 g/ml fractions. The majority of the newly synthesized triglycerides were found in the d < 1 . 019 g/ml fraction. Labelled cholesterol esters were enriched in the d = 1 . 063--1 . 21 g/ml fraction. Boiled biopsies adsorbed negligible amounts of radioactive palmitic acid and did not synthesize esterified lipids. The addition of puromycin to the culture medium and preincubation with colchicine resulted in decreased uptake of the labelled fatty acid and decreased secretion of esterified lipids to the medium. These experiments indicate that cultured human intestinal mucosa is a suitable model to study lipid synthesis and lipoprotein secretion by the human intestine. PMID- 6780360 TI - Lipoprotein lipase and adipose tissue and plasma triglyceride clearance in patients with primary hypertriglyceridaemia. AB - 1. The activity of lipoprotein lipase (E.C.3.1.1.3) extracted and released from adipose tissue has been measured in obese subjects with mild or severe hypertriglyceridaemia. The Intralipid tolerance test has been studied as a measure of in vivo clearance of exogenous triglyceride from plasma. 2. Plasma triglyceride clearance was reduced in patients with severe hypertriglyceridaemia (> 4 mmol/l) and this was associated with reduced activities of extracted lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue compared to patients with mild hypertriglyceridaemia (2--4 mmol/l). 3. A course of insulin therapy (20 u/day) for 1 week increased the extracted, but not the released component of the enzyme from adipose tissue of hypertriglyceridaemic patients. 4. Serum (25% v/v) potentiated the release of lipoprotein lipase from adipose tissue of normo- but not hypertriglyceridaemic patients. 5. The effect of serum on enzyme release was abolished if lipoprotein-deficient serum was used. Addition of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) or high density lipoprotein (HDL) restored the ability of delipidated serum to augment release of enzyme from adipose tissue, but this was not observed with low density lipoprotein (LDL). 6. It is suggested that a defect in the release of lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue may contribute to the development of hypertriglyceridaemia in this group of patients. PMID- 6780361 TI - Irradiation and gastro-intestinal fibrinolysis: an experimental study in the rat. AB - Tissue fibrinolysis in the rat stomach and transverse colon was studied after X ray irradiation of the abdomen. Tissue biopsies were examined on unheated fibrin plates and with a histochemical technique modified from Todd. A significantly increased fibrinolytic activity was found in the mucosa of the stomach and colon 3 days after irradiation, while fibrinolysis localized to submucosal vessels was unchanged. Mucosal fibrinolysis in the stomach was significantly inhibited by intragastric administration of tranexamic acid. PMID- 6780362 TI - Microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry of platelets in diseases with elevated muscle calcium. AB - Electron microscopic X-ray microanalysis and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry were done on platelets from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and idiopathic scoliosis (both these conditions are known to be associated with increased intramyofibre calcium). A significant increase in calcium and phosphorus concentrations was found in the dense granules and whole cells of both conditions. The findings suggest that idiopathic scoliosis like Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a multisystem disease with detectable changes in platelets. PMID- 6780363 TI - Quantitative studies of very low density lipoprotein: conversion to low density lipoprotein in normal controls and primary hyperlipidaemic states and the role of direct secretion of low density lipoprotein in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Autologous 131I-labelled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein (LDL) were injected into seven normal subjects and twenty eight genetically classified hyperlipidaemic patients to quantitate lipoprotein interconversion. The apoprotein B specific activity--time curves for VLDl and intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL, density = 1 . 006--1 . 019 g/ml) intersected at or before the IDL-B maximum in thirty-one studies (five normal controls and twenty-six hyperlipidaemic subjects) implying that all IDL-B may be derived from VLDL-B. The fractional conversion of VLDL-B to LDL-B (density 1 . 019--1 . 063 g/ml) following a simultaneous spike injection of 131I-VLDL and 125 LDL was obtained by deconvolution of the 125I and 131I-LDL-B activity curves. 21- 65% (mean = 44%) of VLDL-B was converted to LDL-B in twenty-three subjects studied. The mean conversion time ranged from 10 to 24 h in ten normotriglyceridaemic subjects and from 19 to 42 h (mean = 33 h) in twelve hypertriglyceridaemic subjects. In one patient with broad-beta disease the mean conversion time was 55 h. LDL-B production from VLDL-B and total LDL-B synthetic rate were essentially equal in normal controls and normocholesterolaemic subjects and in the patient with broad-beta disease. But in all six patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia LDL-B synthetic rate significantly exceeded LDL-B production from VLDL-B, indicating direct secretion of 20--72% of LDL-B at a rate which correlates positively with plasma LDL concentration. Three of five patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia showed a lesser but nevertheless significant direct secretion of LDL-B. PMID- 6780364 TI - Kinetic bases of the primary hyperlipidaemias: studies of apolipoprotein B turnover in genetically defined subjects. AB - Autologous 131I-labelled very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and 125I-labelled low density lipoprotein (LDL) were injected into seven normal subjects and into forty-three hyperlipidaemic patients, classified into groups on the basis of family studies and clinical findings, to quantitate VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B kinetics. In normal subjects, mean VLDL-B peptide synthetic rate was 15 . 1 mg kg 1 day-1, mean LDL-B peptide synthetic rate 7 . 7 mg kg-1 day-1 and mean LDL-B fractional catabolic rate (FCR) 0 . 31 day-1. In heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (n = 14) VLDL-B peptide production was normal in patients with normal triglyceride levels; in those with high triglyceride levels there was either VLDL overproduction or a catabolic defect. LDL-B peptide synthetic rates ranged from high normal to increased (8 . 5--18 . 0 mg kg-1 day-1) and LDL-B peptide FCR values were markedly reduced (0 . 14--0 . 28 day-1) confirming the presence of a defect in LDL catabolism but indicating over-production as well. In familial combined hyperlipidaemia (n = 11) VLDL-B peptide production ranged from normal to elevated (13 . 9--44 . 4 mg kg-1 day-1, mean 23 . 8 mg kg-1 day-1) correlating with the VLDl triglyceride level (i.e. with the phenotypic expression of the disorder). LDL-B peptide production ranged from high normal to markedly increased (8 . 9--19 . 5 mg kg-1 day-1, mean 12 . 2 mg kg-1 day-1) and correlated with LDL cholesterol levels (i.e. the phenotype), (r = +0 . 66, P < 0 . 05). Three patients with unclassified hypercholesterolaemia had increased LDL-B peptide synthetic rates. One patient with remnant hyperlipoproteinaemia (type III) had a high normal VLDL-B peptide synthetic rate, 17 . 3 mg kg-1 day-1, and a strikingly low FCR of VLDL-B. In familial hypertriglyceridaemia (three patients) there was a low VLDL-B peptide FCR. In unclassified hypertriglyceridaemia VLDL over-production was the finding in seven patients but four patients appeared to have catabolic defects only. Overall there were significant hyperbolic relationships between VLCL-B peptide FCR and VLDL-B peptide concentration (r = -0 . 78, P < 0 . 001, for the log/log relationship) and between LDL-B peptide FCR and LDL cholesterol (r = -0 . 88, P < 0 . 001 for the log/log relationship.) PMID- 6780365 TI - Intrarenal distribution of oxalic acid, calcium, sodium, and potassium in man. AB - The renal papilla in man has been shown to contain a high concentration of oxalate (5 . 5 +/- 0 . 8 mmole/kg wet weight, mean +/- SEM, n = 7 kidneys), and that there is a significant concentration gradient between oxalate in the papilla and that of the medulla (0 . 4 +/- 0 . 08, P < 0 . 05) and the cortex (0 . 3 +/- 0 . 06, P < 0 . 05). Significant calcium and sodium gradients between renal papilla and medulla and cortex were confirmed and parallel that of oxalate. Potassium showed a significant decrease in the papilla (33 . 1 +/- 0 . 9) as compared to the medulla (42 . 1 +/- 1 . 9 P < 0 . 05). The concentrations of oxalate and calcium in the papilla were respectively 25-fold and 6-fold higher than the urinary concentration of oxalate and calcium. It is concluded that these high concentrations of oxalate and calcium in the renal papilla are related to the formation of Randall's plaques and may be an essential factor in the pathogenesis of renal stones which is still far from clear. PMID- 6780366 TI - Treatment of advanced digitalis toxicity with specific antibodies. PMID- 6780367 TI - The effectiveness of digoxin-specific F(ab')2-antibody fragments in the treatment of digitoxin poisoning: experimental investigations in the cat. AB - In animal experiments heterologous digoxin-specific F(ab')2 antibody fragments have been found to be effective for the treatment of arrhythmias induced by toxic doses of digoxin. So far they have been successfully employed in three patients suffering from digoxin poisoning. The present study was undertaken to test whether these antibodies are also effective in the treatment of digitoxin poisoning. Ventricular tachycardia, induced in digitalized cats by intravenous injections of digitoxin, was fatal in four out of five controls. However, sinus rhythm was reinstated in all the animals treated with digoxin-specific F(ab')2 after onset of the arrhythmia. Cross-reactivity between the antibodies used and digitoxin, while slight in vitro, is, nevertheless, sufficient to justify their clinical use in cases of digitoxin poisoning. PMID- 6780368 TI - Difference in nitroglycerin dose-response in the venous and arterial beds. AB - In twelve healthy volunteers given nitroglycerin sublingually (1.6 mg) or epicutaneously (12 mg), venous distensibility was found to be maximal, even at low plasma concentrations (less than 0.2 ng/ml); there was no further change with increasing concentrations. Peripheral arterial resistance, on the other hand, decreased progressively with rising plasma concentrations and no distinct plateau was demonstrable, even at the highest plasma concentration measured (greater than 2.0 ng/ml). PMID- 6780369 TI - Influence of cimetidine on the pharmacokinetics of desmethyldiazepam and oxazepam. AB - The pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of desmethyldiazepam 20 mg or oxazepam 50 mg were studied in 5 healthy volunteers under controlled conditions, before and following a 24 h pretreatment with cimetidine 200 mg x 5. Cimetidine significantly impaired (p = 0.03) the elimination of desmethyldiazepam, as shown prolongation of its elimination half-life from 51.7 +/- 21.9 h to 72.6 +/- 39.4 h (mean +/- SD), and a decrease in total plasma clearance from 12.0 +/- 2.7 ml/min to 8.6 +/- 3.3 ml/min. The disposition of oxazepam was not affected. From these results, and recently published data on diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, it is concluded that cimetidine impairs the hepatic elimination of those benzodiazepines which are metabolized by phase I reactions. PMID- 6780370 TI - Serotonergic and catecholaminergic influence on thyroid function in the vervet monkey. AB - Vervet monkeys were pharmacologically treated acutely and with repeated dose loading to alter serotonergic systems to assess the role of serotonin in the regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. Acute L-tryptophan administration failed to alter basal levels of thyroid hormones but did decrease the TRH-induced TSH response. Repeated dose loading of tryptophan or 5 hydroxytryptophan increased blood serotonin and plasma T3 and decreased plasma TSH. The tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine yielded decreased blood serotonin, but did not affect plasma TSH, T4 or T3. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor chlorgyline also resulted in increased blood serotonin, but increased plasma TSH and T4 and decreased T3. These data may be explained by a unitary hypothesis involving central catecholaminergic, rather than serotonergic, control of TRH release. Chlorgyline may produce its effects predominantly by facilitating catecholaminergic stimulation of TRH release resulting in increased TSH and a consequent increase in T4. It is suggested that the effects of tryptophan and 5 hydroxytryptophan result from increases in serotonin levels in the thyroid gland to produce an increase in T3 with a compensatory decrease in TSH via negative feedback. The differences observed between the acute and repeated dose loading studies stress the need for both types of studies before drawing conclusions about the effects of pharmacological manipulations on hormonal levels. PMID- 6780371 TI - Parenteral nutrition in bone marrow transplant recipients. PMID- 6780372 TI - Laminar distribution of preferred orientations in foveal striate cortex of the monkey. AB - Microelectrode penetrations normal to the layers of foveal striate cortex in awake, behaving monkeys have revealed two new facts about the distribution of orientation preferences in this tissue: (1) In the top layers there is a predominance of vertical orientation preferences at eccentricities of less than 30 min, and a predominance of oblique orientation preferences at eccentricities of 30 min to 2 deg. (2) At all eccentricities between 0 and 2 deg there is a striking difference in orientation preference between upper layer (supragranular) and lower layer (infragranular) cells. PMID- 6780373 TI - Effects of cerebellar and brain stem stimulation on hippocampal formation neurons in the monkey. PMID- 6780374 TI - Heterogeneity of mouse interleukins. PMID- 6780375 TI - Dopaminergic control of TSH secretion in isolated rat pituitary cells. PMID- 6780376 TI - Conversion of benzo[a]pyrene-3,6-quinone to quinol glucuronides with rat liver microsomes or purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and UDP glucuronosyltransferase. PMID- 6780377 TI - Gene expression of erythrocyte receptor: regulation of erythrocyte-receptor synthesis in T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6780379 TI - Recovery from severe oligospermia after exposure to dibromochloropropane. PMID- 6780378 TI - The use of gonadotropins for induction of ovulation. AB - There has been impressive progress in the treatment of anovulation with gonadotropins in the last two decades. At the present time most patients can be helped. The treatment is expensive and complicated. To obtain good results with the fewest complications, patients should be closely monitored by measuring urinary or plasma estrogen levels, and treatment should be given only in centers where the estrogen assay is readily available. Severe hyperstimulation is avoidable, but the high rate of multiple gestations remains unavoidable. Possibly with sonographic monitoring of follicular development this problem will be solved. PMID- 6780380 TI - Effect of human endometrial secretions on the metabolism of human spermatozoa. AB - The interaction between human uterine secretions and human spermatozoa was studied. Secretions were obtained by washing the endometrial surfaces of normal uteri removed at surgery and collecting uterine fluid by incubating Millipore chambers in the uteri of volunteers. A microtechnique was devised for conducting metabolic studies with the small volumes (50 microliters) of fluid obtained in the chamber. The uterine secretions obtained by these two methods reduced the formation of CO2 by sperm from labeled glucose without affecting the accumulation of lactic acid. Sperm motility was not affected during a 3-hour incubation period. Uterine washings also reduced the rate of oxygen uptake of treated sperm. The metabolic alteration may have the effect of prolonging the life-span of spermatozoa within the female tract. PMID- 6780381 TI - [Effect of increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide on oxygen utilization and glycolysis in the tissues of white rats]. PMID- 6780382 TI - [Study of external respiratory function in twins with different gas mixtures]. PMID- 6780383 TI - [Adrenergic nerves and venous catecholamines]. PMID- 6780384 TI - Investigation of structure and function of lactose permease of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6780385 TI - Active transport of peptides in bacteria. PMID- 6780386 TI - Characterization of two peptide-transport systems in Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 6780387 TI - A possible role for the active-site thiol in lactose transport in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6780388 TI - Components of the proton electrochemical potential gradient in Anabaena variabilis. PMID- 6780389 TI - Potassium ion transport and electrogenesis in Anabaena variabilis. PMID- 6780390 TI - Discrimination between rubidium and potassium ions in Anabaena variabilis. PMID- 6780391 TI - Ionomycin stimulates T-lymphocytes to grow. PMID- 6780392 TI - Differential effects of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors and thromboxane synthase inhibitors on rabbit platelet aggregation: evidence for the importance of prostaglandin endoperoxides as mediators in arachidonate-induced aggregation but not in collagen-induced aggregation. PMID- 6780393 TI - Glucose metabolism in the testis of the normal and streptozotocin diabetic rat. AB - In the present work, the metabolism of [U-14C]glucose was studied in the testicular tissue of normal and streptozotocin diabetic rats. The results show that diabetes alters 14CO2 production and 14C incorporation into lipids from [U 14C]glucose. No differences were found in the [14C]proteins and [14C]nucleic acids between experimental groups. Results are discussed in relation to an insulin deficiency and/or an alteration in the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis. PMID- 6780394 TI - Effect of bromocryptine in oligozoospermic men with hyperprolactinaemia. AB - 13 patients with oligozoospermia, showing high prolactin serum levels but no signs of a prolactinoma, were treated with the specific prolactin inhibitor bromocryptine. After a 50 day treatment period an increase of sperm count in 6 cases, a decrease in 2 cases and no alteration in 5 cases was observed. Other semen parameters were not altered. Serum prolactin was significantly lowered. No explanation for the influence of inhibition of prolactin release on spermatogenesis can be given at present. The value of this therapy therefore is doubtful. PMID- 6780395 TI - Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells. II. An immunological analysis. PMID- 6780396 TI - Developmental studies of lethality associated with the antennapedia gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6780397 TI - Analysis of larval segmentation in lethal genotypes associated with the antennapedia gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6780398 TI - Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells. I. A kinetic analysis. PMID- 6780399 TI - Studies with implantable artificial capillary units containing rat islets on diabetic dogs. AB - An implantable artificial endocrine pancreas consisting of a coiled single acrylic copolymer capillary surrounded by a rat islets (1000/kg body weight) was implanted in 10 streptozotocin-alloxan diabetic dogs. About 5 h following implantation plasma glucose decreased from an initial mean value of 350 mg/dl to 150 mg/dl, and then to 100 mg/dl at 12 h. Plasma insulin increased to a mean of 39 mU/1 (range 23-83 mU/l) at 5 h in the recipient animals In addition a much improved plasma glucose disappearance rate (K = 1.9 plus or minus 0.3) with slightly delayed insulin responses was seen after intravenous glucose tolerance tests performed in 4 dogs at 7, 8, 10 and 18 h following implantation. These findings suggest that xenogeneic rat islets implanted as an artificial endocrine pancreas can improve glucose metabolism in the diabetic dog. PMID- 6780400 TI - [Long-term therapy with oral prazosin in chronic congestive heart failure: a clinical and echocardiographic evaluation (author's transl)]. AB - Eight patients, ranging in age from 20 to 61 years (48 +/- 11 years, mean +/- 1 SD), with chronic heart failure due to idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy (5 cases), ischemic heart disease with healed anterior myocardial infarction (2 cases), and rheumatic heart disease with a Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis (1 case), received longterm therapy with oral prazosin in increasing doses (mean final dose: 26 +/- 6 mg/day). Administration of digoxin and diuretics were continued throught the study period (range: 21-228 days). All but one patient showed no functional improvement during the period of prazosin therapy (2 patients in New York Heart Association functional class IV, 5 patients in III class). One patient, the youngest of the group, who initially had class IV heart failure, showed improvement to III class after a 26 days administration of this vasodilator. Prazosin caused no consistent change in systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, cardio-thoracic ratio, and radiologic pulmonary venous stasis. Occasionally, on chest X-ray, a patient showed a transitory decrease of cardiomegaly and/or pulmonary venous congestion. P and QRS waves of ECG showed no evident change, as did serum creatinine and billirubin levels. On serial M-mode echocardiographic analyses, left ventricular minor axis dimension, ejection, and left atrial size showed no statistically significant change from pre-treatment averages of: 7.5 +/- 0.9 cm, 0.36 +/- 0.14, 4.9 +/- 1.3 cm, respectively. At late follow-up some indices of left ventricular performance showed a definite tendency to decrease: fractional shortening of the minor axis from 18.9 +/- 9.1 to 17.0 +/ 7.0, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening from 0.79 +/- 0.28 sec-1 to 0.69 +/- 0.28 sec-1, mean normalized systolic ejection velocity from 1.58 +/- 0.44 sec-1 to 1.47 +/- 0.39 sec-1, and mean normalized posterior wall velocity from 0.55 +/- 0.3 sec-1 to 0.49 +/- 0.18 sec-1. Prazosin in patients with chronic congestive failure due to cardiomyopathies, does not elict a persistent improvement of resting hemodynamics because of the development of pharmacodynamic tolerance in the majority of the patients. Prazosin, furthermore, does not improve the depressed myocardial contractility that necessarily affects the long term prognosis of these patients. PMID- 6780401 TI - [Effect of intravenous nytroglicerin in hypertensive patients during and after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The present study was performed to compare hemodynamic effect of intravenous Nitroglycerin (TNT i.v.) in 14 patients developing acute hypertension (Group I) and in 7 non hypertensives after open heart surgery (Group II). In all patients, m.a. 56.6 yrs, (10 mitral and/or aortic prosthetic valve replacements, 9 aorto coronary bypass, 1 open mitral commissurotomy, 1 closure of atrial septal defect) TNT was infused at doses of 0.5, 1, 2 microgram X kg X min. and subsequently at 2 microgram X kg X min. after volume administration (2 + V.A.) to maintain right and left atrial pressure the same as control (P = N.S.). Mean arterial, right and left atrial pressures (MAP, RAP, LAP), cardiac frequency and index (CF, CI and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) were monitorized. TNT i.v. resulted in hypertensive patients (Group I) in reduction vs. control of: a) RAP (--20.17%) and LAP (--20.58%) at 0.5 microgram X kg X min. b) RAP (--26.13%), LAP (- 27.50%), MAP (--19.94%) and CI (--12.98%) at 1 microgram X kg X X min. c) RAP (- 22.47%), LAP (--26.89%), MAP (--24.68%), CI (--12.6%) and SVRI (--17.34%) at 2 microgram X kg X min. When RAP and LAP was maintained by volume administration TNT i.v. (2 microgram X kg X min.) resulted in an even greater increase in CI and a greater decrease in MAP and SVRI ((--22.04% and --24.88% respectively). No significant hemodynamic modification (P less than or equal to 0.05) were observed in non hypertensive patients (Group II) at all doses of TNT i.v. The results confirm a predominant venodilator effect of TNT at low doses and a good effect on arterial resistances at high doses in hypertensive patients. In view of previous reports of differing effects on ischemia TNT i.v. may be preferable to other vasodilator drugs for control of acute post-ECG hypertension, only on condition to maintain an adequate left ventricular filling pressure to prevent a fall of cardiac index. Moreover the absence of significant (P less than or equal to 0.05) hemodynamic modifications in non hypertensive patients may be a further advantage in the treatment of myocardial ischemia with i.v. TNT. PMID- 6780402 TI - [Aortic valve replacement with Starr-Edwards and Bjork-Shiley prosthesis. Long term results and statistical analysis of some risk factors (author's transl)]. AB - 285 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement between 1972 and 1977 have been studied. 197 patients had a Starr-Edwards prosthesis and 88 patients had a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis, both groups presented similar risk factors. The follow up varied between a period of 6 months minimum and 72 months maximum, the mean period is 3.6 years. The statistical results have been realized based on the multi-factor analysis (cluster) which were the basis to define the homogeneous groups of patients with the Starr prosthesis and the Bjork prosthesis. One may observe the best survival percentage after 72 months from surgery date in patients with the Bjork prosthesis comparing them with those patients who underwent aortic valve replacement with the Starr prosthesis (resp. 93 and 71%). The difference is important from the statistical point of view. The embolic incidence after such a period is nearly equal (16% for Bjork and 14% for Starr). The cluster analysis of the considered parameters (age, duration of symptoms before surgery, NYHA class, C/T) did not evince real and proper risk factors such to condition, at long term, the results even if differences in mortality and in embolic incidence, with regards to the relation with NYHA class and symptoms; duration, have been observed. One may conclude that one of most important risks derives form the type of used prosthesis. PMID- 6780403 TI - [Mitral valve replacement by Starr-Edwards and Bjork-Shiley prostheses, long term results and statistical analysis of some risk factors (author's transl)]. AB - 304 patients have been studied between 1972 and 1977 after mitral valve replacement. 133 patients had a Starr-Edwards prosthesis and 171 patients had a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis; both groups presented similar risk factors. The follow up varied between a 6 months and a 72 months period for both types of prosthesis with a mean period of 3.2 years. The statistical results were based on the cluster system and he outcomes helped us to realise curves of homogeneous groups of patients who underwent mitral valve replacement with Starr and Bjord prosthesis. One observed that 4 years from date of surgery the survival percentage is 84% for those patients with the Starr prosthesis and 78% for Bjork prosthesis; with regards to the log rank test this difference is insignificant. Considering the probability of embolism one observed a percentage of 10% of the patients with the Bjork prosthesis and of 18% with the Starr prosthesis; this difference is insignificant from the statistical point of view. The cluster analysis of the considered parameters (age, type of valve defect, NYHA class, duration of symptoms before surgery, C/T, size of left atrium) did not evince real and proper risk factors at least not such to condition the long term results. The only observed relationship is the one between the major incidence of embolism and great left atrium. One may conclude that not exist differences in long term results between both prostheses when placed in mitral valve. PMID- 6780404 TI - [Comparative anatomical studies on the Jacobson organs of Nycticebus coucang Boddaert, 1785 (Prosimiae, Lorisidae) and Galago crassicaudatus E. Geoffroy, 1812 (Prosimiae, Lorisidae). I. Nycticebus coucang]. AB - The goal of this research was to study the macroscopic and microscopic anatomy of the vomeronasal organ in Nycticebus coucang. Based on numerous measurements in cross-sections of all parts of the organ, three-dimensional graphs of the vomeronasal cartilage, the organ and the system of blood-vessels, situated around the organ, were drawn. Nycticebus has a well developed vomeronasal organ exhibiting a well developed sensory epithelium. The oral end of the organ opens into the middle part of the nasopalatine duct, which has an open connection with the cavum nasi and the cavum oris. The cartilago paraseptalis is connected with the cartilago ductus nasopalatini by the sickle-shaped part of the cartilago paraseptalis. An "outer bar", which is present in the vomeronasal cartilage of Tupaia, is absent in Nycticebus. The oral part of the organ contains nonciliated, pseudostratified epithelium with secretory crypts and goblet cells. In the main part of the organ the dorso-lateral wall consists of nonsensory, nonciliated, pseudostratified epithelium, while the sensory epithelium is situated in the dorsolateral wall. Serous glands, which are situated dorsal to the organ, open into the organ at its dorsal margin. Caudal to this part there is a long part of the organ without sensory epithelium. At its caudal end the organ is branched. The sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ is thicker than the sensory epithelium of the nose. It contains a nucleus-free space between the nuclei of supporting cells and the nuclei of sensory cells. The sensory epithelium contains about 92 000 receptor cells/mm2. Capillaries could not be seen in the epithelia of the organ. The vessels, which accompany the organ, are veins and capillaries. The dorsal veins exhibit thicker walls and a wider lumen than the ventral ones and are therefore better suited for the pumping-mechanism, as suggested by BROMAN (1920). Connective tissue, surrounding the organ, aids the pumping-mechanism of the veins. PMID- 6780405 TI - Qualitative differences in 45Ca efflux from membrane sites in vascular smooth muscle when washout conditions are varied. PMID- 6780406 TI - Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the levels of plasma gonadotropins (FSH and LH) in the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6780407 TI - Effect of day length on plasma FSH and LH in castrated and intact white-crowned sparrows. PMID- 6780408 TI - Home parenteral nutrition for the short bowel syndrome. Psychological issues. AB - Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for the short bowel syndrome represents a treatment modality that raises issues about prolonged machine dependency for living. Psychological reactions are described for patients with inflammatory bowel disorders and anatomical loss of small bowel. Liaison psychiatry involvement with 50 patients in the HPN program has identified such problems as grief reactions, depression, organic brain syndromes, drug dependency, and body image changes as they influence the initial adjustment to the in-hospital phase of HPN learning for patient and family. The importance of family and mental status examination are emphasized in the evaluation of the patient before and during the institution of an PHN program. Outlined are psychological parameters that need to be considered when assessing what factors might impede or enhance the acquisition and use of HPN information. PMID- 6780409 TI - [Transcription of portions of chromosomes corresponding to regions of intercalary heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster cell cultures]. AB - Labelled RNA preparations (total newly synthesized RNA, as well as stable cytoplasmic RNA) isolated from a cell culture of Drosophila melanogaster were hybridized in situ with polytene chromosomes. Apart from the nucleolus, in all cases the regions adjacent to he chromocentre in the polytene chromosomes and the intercalary heterochromatin regions in the X chromosome and the autosomes are the most intensively labelled. In the case of asynapsis of polytene chromosomes in heterozygotes the label is detected in a number of intercalary heterochromatin sites in one homologous only ("the asymmetrical label"). The same kind of radioactivity distribution in intercalary heterochromatin regions was observed after a hybridization of polytene chromosomes with cloned DNA fragments (Ananiev et al.,, 1978, 1979) coding for the abundant classes of messenger RNA (Ilyin et al., 1978) in cultured D. melanogaster cells. In some regions of intercalary heterochromatin which do not contain these fragments the "asymmetrical" type of labelled distribution is observed after hybridization with cell RNA. These results lead one to regard the intercalary heterochromatin regions as "nests" comprising different types of actively transcribable genes, the composition of each nest varying in different stocks of D. melanogaster. PMID- 6780410 TI - [Role of female genotype in manifestation of dominant lethal mutations induced by thiophosphamide in the spermatids of male rats]. AB - Hybrid male mice FICD2 were injected intraperitoneally with thioTEPA at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg. During the second week after the treatment males were mated with females of 101/HY, C57BL/6JY and CBA/LacY strains, and embryoic mortality was studied on 3.5 day of pregnancy cytologically and on 15-17 days -- by the dominant lethal method. ThioTEPA did not affect the rate of fertilization. The dominant lethals frequencies differed significantly in females 101 (67%), B6 (59%) and CBA (43%). It is suggested that the differences observed are due to different activity of repair systems in oocytes of females of these strains. PMID- 6780411 TI - [Various carbohydrate metabolites in normal pregnancy and physiological and pathological labor. I. Pregnancy, labor and pregnancy toxemias]. PMID- 6780412 TI - [FSH and LH levels based on the LH-FSH releasing hormone test in girls and young women with secondary ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6780414 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AB - A controlled clinical study on disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) at a dose of 800 mg per day versus placebo was carried out in 141 patients with ulcerative colitis and 25 patients with Crohn's disease. Those of the ulcerative colitis patients who had been on sulphasalazine treatment continued that treatment during the trial (101 patients). Forty patients were intolerant of sulphasalazine. No patient received steroids during the last month before the study. Patients with Crohn's disease had their possible sulphasalazine treatment stopped before the trial. No beneficial effect of DSCG as compared with placebo was found, as the DSCG and the placebo group showed the same number of relapses in patients with a clinically inactive ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial and the same number of patients improving, deteriorating, and maintaining steady state in patients with clinically active ulcerative colitis at the start of the trial. There was no difference between relapse rate in DSCG and placebo groups in patients with Crohn's disease. No correlation between the eosinophil count in rectal mucosa and the outcome of the attack of ulcerative colitis could be demonstrated. PMID- 6780413 TI - Allergic proctitis, a clinical and immunopathological entity. AB - Patients with isolated ulcerative proctitis form a heterogeneous group. Some may develop ulcerative colitis, others have a limited, benign disease. Twelve patients with isolated proctitis with a mean course of seven years were studied. All patients had a typical clinical picture consisting of a mild and intermittent course of the disease with the presenting symptom of rectal blood loss. At endoscopic examination the inflammatory process was limited to the rectal and distal sigmoid colonic mucosa with a clear upper border beyond which the mucosa of the sigmoid colon was normal. Histologically the mucosal biopsy specimens of the affected rectum resembled those of ulcerative colitis. However, in contrast with proctitis on the base of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, immunoperoxidase staining revealed a markedly increased number of IgE containing cells in the lamina propria of rectal mucosa biopsies. As an IgE-mediated immune mechanism was considered to play a role in this type of proctitis, eight of the 12 patients were treated with oral administration of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). All patients were improved by the drug. The remaining four patients with mild proctitis did not require treatment. We concluded that, in patients with isolated proctitis on clinical and immunopathological criteria, a group can be separated which responds to DSCG, a condition for which we suggest the name 'allergic proctitis'. PMID- 6780415 TI - Medicaid reimbursement of long-term nursing care. PMID- 6780416 TI - Red cell glucosephosphate isomerase deficiency: two new mutant enzymes. PMID- 6780417 TI - [Morphological and cytochemical studies of megakaryocytes in 25 patients with haemopoietic dysplasias (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780418 TI - Vincristine in the treatment of multiple myeloma. PMID- 6780419 TI - Clinical aspects of diffuse intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6780420 TI - Factor XIII (FSF - fibrin stabilizing factor) in pathological states with thrombin generation. PMID- 6780421 TI - Diagnosis of intravascular coagulation by assays of activated factors X and XII with chromogenic substrates. PMID- 6780422 TI - The protective effect of autoprothrombin II - anticoagulant on experimental DIC in animals. PMID- 6780423 TI - T-cell subpopulations and diseases. PMID- 6780424 TI - A novel protein from human thymus derived (T) lymphocytes: macromolecular insoluble cold globulin (MICG). PMID- 6780425 TI - Age-related changes in human lymphocyte markers. PMID- 6780426 TI - The influence of prolonged use of corticosteroids on T and B lymphocytes. PMID- 6780427 TI - Correlation of active rosette test with reactivity in normals and in patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6780428 TI - Lithium, biphasic granulocytosis and antiblastic leukopenia prevention. PMID- 6780429 TI - Zone of germinative cartilage cells in the growth plate--a quantitative characteristics. PMID- 6780430 TI - Clinical study of foreign metal bodies in the airways. PMID- 6780431 TI - Multiple foreign bodies extraction from the airways: report of two cases. PMID- 6780432 TI - A study of the effect of traffic noise at 60 dB(A) equivalent level on certain mental working capacity indicators in various age groups. PMID- 6780433 TI - Actual state and outlooks of the development of stomatological aid for the rising generation in the People's Republic of Bulgaria. PMID- 6780434 TI - Clinical and biochemical assessment of lincomycin with a view to its use in periodontosis treatment. PMID- 6780435 TI - Uncontrollable cases of absence. AB - Forty-three cases of absence seizure were studied from the viewpoint of prognosis. thirty-three had been seizure-free for at least one year until the time of follow-up. The remaining 10 cases were uncontrollable and their plasma levels of the drugs were measured. The following characteristics were more significantly found in the uncontrollable group: (1) late onset (14 years old or later) (2) preceding grand mal seizures (3) accompanying automatisms. The above three factors were found to be interrelated. (4) concomitant grand mal seizures of sleep or diffuse (other than awakening) type (5) psychological disturbances (low intelligence, circuitous character) and (6) chronological shift to the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. PMID- 6780436 TI - [Indications for the medical gallstone dissolution]. AB - The indications for gallstone dissolution have to consider different factors of the gallbladder and its stones. The bladder must be visualized in an i.v. cholecystogram and should well contract on meal. The gallstones should not be calcified and their diameter should not be greater than 2 cm. Dissolution is only possible for cholesterol gallstones. Until today their negative presentation on x ray is the most important hint at their composition, but pigment stones often are negative on x-ray, too. This unsatisfactory diagnosis of cholesterol gallstones in vivo restricts the success rate of gallstone dissolution to approximately 70%, when the other factors of the treatment are observed. A comparison of cost of dissolution and operation shows that despite the restricted success rate dissolution of gallstones is also justified when indications are well observed. PMID- 6780437 TI - [Gonadotropin-lowering action of estrogens in hypergonadotrophic ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6780438 TI - Intestinal disaccharidase activities and activity ratios in a group of 60 adult German subjects. AB - Lactase, maltase and sucrase activities were determined in samples of jejunal mucosa obtained by suction biopsy from 60 healthy adult German males. Primary adult hypolactasia ("lactase deficiency") was found in 8 subjects (13%). Maltase:lactase and sucrase:lactase activity ratios were significantly higher in post-weaning hypolactasia than in adult lactase persistence. Sources of variation in disaccharidase activities measured in biopsy tissue homogenates are discussed. PMID- 6780439 TI - Alpha chain disease of the stomach. AB - A case of gastric lymphoplasmocytoid lymphoma with alpha heavy chains in the serum is reported. The patient was a 20-year-old female who had a gastric lymphomatous ulcer and who died of acute bleeding, with no clinical or radiological signs of small intestine involvement. This seems to be the first reported case of gastrin alpha heavy chain disease. PMID- 6780440 TI - The hypothalamic-pituitary axis in diabetes mellitus. AB - The hormonal response to LHRH and TRH was evaluated in three groups of male diaetics. Five patients were receiving therapy with the hypoglycemic agent glibenclamide, five were on NPH insulin and five were on dietary therapy alone. When compared to controls, the latter two groups had intact gonadotropin responses to LHRH. Despite normal basal gonadotropin levels, however, the group receiving glibenclamide therapy showed significantly exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH. Both basal PRL and TSH levels, as well as the responses to TRH were normal in all three groups. These results indicate that LH, FSH, TSH and PRL secretion is intact in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. The exaggerated LH and FSH responses to LHRH in the glibenclamide treated subjects are probably related to primary gonadal involvement; alternatively, there may be augmented pituitary gonadotropin secretion in this group. PMID- 6780441 TI - Inhibition of thyrotropin releasing hormone--induced growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl by adrenaline and prostaglandin E1 and E2. PMID- 6780442 TI - The effect of diphenylhydantoin on basal and stimulated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin secretion in euthyroid and hypothyroid rats. PMID- 6780443 TI - Planned supplemental staffing is a practical alternative. AB - While helping to keep nurses in nursing, temporary staffing agencies provide nursing administrators with a cost-effective tool for supplementing their full time staff. PMID- 6780444 TI - Supplemental staffing: can it be cost-effective? AB - Little empirical information is available to either support or contradict a widely held belief that supplemental nursing personnel are more costly than hospital-based personnel. The results of a study that examined this question are presented. PMID- 6780445 TI - Transcutaneous diagnosis in the high-risk neonate. AB - In the newborn nursery, transcutaneous measurement of oxygen tension has already shown its value for continuous monitoring of the status of tissue oxygenation and thus for assessing the deleterious effects on the neonate of various routine medical and nursing procedures. The technique-which is noninvasive-holds promise of a number of significant applications in adult medical care. PMID- 6780446 TI - Studies on chemically aggregated trypsin using glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6780447 TI - Structural requirements for the activity of an immunologically generated lipid chemotactic factor. AB - The predominant lipid chemotactic factor (LCFR) generated by IgGa-dependent immunological challenge of the rat peritoneal cavity was resolved from other lipid mediators released simultaneously into the peritoneal cavity and from previously described lipid chemotactic factors by sequential chromatography on Amberlite XAD-8, DE-52, silicic acid, and silica gel H plates, and by Zorbax C-18 reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The incubation of purified rat peritoneal mononuclear leucocytes, but not mast cells, with calcium ionophore A23187 in vitro resulted in the generation of LCFR activity which was chromatographically identical to the LCFR released in vivo. That indomethacin inhibited the appearance of LCFR both in vivo and in vitro indicated a dependence on the cyclo-oxygenation of arachidonic acid. Because of the limited quantities of highly purified LCFR, the critical determinants of human neutrophil chemotactic activity were studied by examining the functional effects of chemical modification of specific substituents. The chemotactic activity of LCFR was diminished significantly by acetylation with acetic anhydride in pyridine or methylation with ethereal diazomethane, but was not influenced by 0.1 M periodate or acid or base hydrolysis, suggesting that LCFR is a complex fatty acid containing a hydroxyl or amino group. The addition of acetylated LCFR to the stimulus compartment at a 0.3-0.5 molar ratio with native LCFR diminished the neutrophil chemotactic response by 50%, without affecting a comparable response to f-Met-Leu-Ala-Phe. Thus LCFR is a unique lipid chemotactic factor which is distinct from other lipid mediators and accounts for the bulk of the PMN leucocyte chemotactic activity released by immunological challenge of the rat peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6780448 TI - The effect of glutaraldehyde fixation on the immunogenicity of allogeneic lymphoid and tumour cells. AB - When CBA mice were injected with allogeneic (DBA/2) lymph node cells treated with glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 0.13% and 0.013% they failed to produce a primary cytotoxic antibody response; cells fixed with 0.0013% glutaraldehyde only provoked the slightest of antibody responses. No significant secondary response was provoked by cells fixed with 0.013% glutaraldehyde in mice primed 8 weeks earlier with normal lymphoid cells. As it is well established that such cells can stimulate a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction and have ben reported to induce a secondary haemagglutinin response their assumed antigenicity in these experiments was checked. It was found that fixed cells did not have measurable antigenicity as assessed by ability to absorb anti-H2 antibody. The organ localization of chromium-labelled glutaraldehyde-fixed lymph node cells showed a lack of localization in lymph nodes at all levels of fixation, though localization in the spleen of cells fixed with 0.0013% glutaraldehyde was very variable, consistent with the borderline immunogenicity of such cells. Mitomycin treatment only modestly reduced the immunogenicity of lymph node cells and did not affect their organ localization. When CBA mice were injected with allogeneic (DBA/2) tumour cells, P 815, fixed with 0.13% or 0.013% glutaraldehyde, no cytotoxic antibody was produced and cells fixed with 0.0013% glutaraldehyde stimulated an erratic low response again suggesting a borderline level of activity. However P 815 cells fixed with 0.13% glutaraldehyde retained their antigenicity as assessed by absorption. Mitomycin treatment of P 815 cells had only a modest deleterious effect of their immunogenicity. These differences in immunogenicity are discussed in relation to the viability of cells required to stimulate an allo-cytotoxic antibody response. PMID- 6780449 TI - Isoelectric heterogeneity of immunoglobulin secreted by LPS-activated neonatal and adult pig lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The heterogeneity of immunoglobulin secreted by lymphocytes from neonatal presuckled and from adult pigs after Acinetobacter lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation has been examined by isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional electrophoresis. LPS activation of neonatal and adult cells resulted in secretion of IgM immunoglobulins which were closely similar in their degree of isoelectric heterogeneity. Immunoglobulins secreted by both types of cell after LPS activation were also very similar in their heterogeneity to that secreted by control unstimulated adult cells. LPS therefore appears to be acting polyclonally, with no preferential stimulation of particular spectrotypes. Cell populations from neonatal pigs are antigenically naive and thus devoid of B memory cells: after LPS activation the IgM secreted by neonatal cell preparations was closely similar in its heterogeneity to that secreted by adult cells. Two dimensional electrophoresis has resolved two light chain types (kappa and gamma analogues) in the immunoglobulin secreted by neonatal and adult cells, with a common pattern of light chain spectrotypes underlying individuality in the balance of constituent spectrotypes between different cell samples. PMID- 6780450 TI - Early biochemical events associated with lymphocyte activation in ageing. I. Evidence that Ca2+ dependent processes induced by PHA are impaired. AB - The requirement for Ca2+, a divalent ion which plays a fundamental role in cell activation, has been analysed in cultures of PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PHA-PBL) from adult (range: 20-35 years) and old (over 70 years) subjects. For this purpose, increasing concentrations of Ca2+ chelators (EGTA and EDTA) were added to cultures in order to compare the effect of progressive extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+EC) depletion on [3H]-Tdr incorporation by PHA-PBL. Kinetic analysis showed that Ca2+EC requirement was restricted to the first 24 h after culture initiation. At optimal doses of PHA, the PHA-PBL from old subjects were more sensitive than those from adult subjects to increasing concentrations of both chelators. They also required larger amounts of Ca2+ supplements to restore their normal response after total inhibition by EGTA. Furthermore, the PHA-PBL from the elderly were hypersensitive to verapamil (Isoptin), a drug which instigates a reversible inhibition of Ca2+-dependent processes associated with lymphocyte transformation, by a quite similar reaction to that induced by chelators. We conclude that the Ca2+-dependent processes in lymphocyte activation are impaired with ageing. Following further experiments and recent work suggesting that lymphocytes need more than one signal to proliferate, the authors speculate on a deficiency of a late activation signal requiring cell cell interactions in the elderly. PMID- 6780451 TI - Importance of the integrity of the inter-heavy-chain disulphide bond of rabbit IgG in the activation of the alternative pathway of human complement by the F(ab')2 region of rabbit IgG antibody in immune aggregates. AB - Immune aggregates formed from either rabbit IgG antibody or F(ab')2 antibody, and antigen, caused exactly the same extent of incubated with human serum under conditions when incubated with human serum under conditions allowing only alternative pathway activation. These observations confirm that the F(ab')2 region of the antibody molecule can cause alternative pathway activation and that this activation is not affected by the presence of the Fc region of the molecule when only alternative pathway activation is permitted. Under conditions allowing activation of both the classical and alternative pathways, increased alternative pathway activation was obtained with IgG antibody aggregates compared to that obtained with F(ab')2 antibody aggregates. On reduction and alkylation of principally he inter-heavy-chain disulphide bond in the IgG antibody, prior to aggregate formation, it was found that no activation of the alternative pathway by IgG aggregates took place under conditions allowing only alternative pathway activation. Treatment of the IgG antibody with reducing agent alone, or alkylating reagent alone, followed by dialysis and aggregate formation, yielded aggregates which caused alternative pathway activation values close to those obtained for untreated IgG aggregates. These results indicate that the integrity of the inter-heavy-chain disulphide bond of rabbit IgG antibody in immune aggregates is necessary to allow the F(ab')2 region of the IgG molecule to activate the alternative pathway of human complement. PMID- 6780452 TI - Effect of Streptococcus faecalis on growth of sarcoma-180 tumours: bacterial adherence on tumour cell membrane & changes in its dye absorption properties. PMID- 6780453 TI - Effects of glibenclamide on normal rabbits: a biochemical study. PMID- 6780454 TI - Evaluation of thiotepa for genetic damage in mice. PMID- 6780455 TI - Serological evidence of infection by spotted fever group rickettsiae in Karnataka State. PMID- 6780456 TI - Susceptibility of N Gonorrhoeae to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cotrimoxazole and supristol-an-in-vitro study. PMID- 6780457 TI - Carriage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by laboratory animals. PMID- 6780458 TI - Prenatal sex prediction by radioimmunoassay of amniotic fluid follicle stimulating hormone (AF-FSH). PMID- 6780459 TI - Heterotopic ossification in the stroma of metastatic adenocarcinome in cervical lymphnode. -a case report. PMID- 6780460 TI - Inactive renin of high molecular weight (big renin) in normal human plasma. Activation by pepsin, trypsin, or dialysis to pH 3.3 and 7.5. AB - Normal plasma contains inactive renin, which becomes active when plasma is dialyzed to pH 3.3 and to pH 7.5, or treated with pepsin or trypsin. Under optimal conditions, each of these procedures activated the same quantity of renin, which was not further increased by repeating or combining two procedures, thus suggesting that the same pool of inactive renin was activated by each procedure. When plasma was fractionated by gel filtration, dialysis activated very little renin in eluates. Trypsin activated renin, but under some conditions also destroyed renin. Pepsin fully activated the inactive renin in eluates without evidence of destruction of renin. The pepsin-activated renin of normal plasma eluted from Sephadex G-100 in a peak of apparent molecular weight (MW) 58,000 and from Sephacryl S-200 with apparent MW 53,000, like big renin in plasma of patients with diabetic nephropathy. Inactive renin was usually increased in amount in plasma of sodium-depleted normal men, but the elution volume did not change with sodium intake. When renin was fully activated in plasma incubated with pepsin or trypsin, the apparent MW of the main peak of big renin did not change appreciably. Inactive renin in plasma was usually increased after sodium depletion, but the elution volume did not change. Active renin of normal plasma had an apparent MW near 41,000 on both gels. Thus, we conclude that big renin is present in normal plasma in amounts at least equal to and usually greater than active renin (the ratio depending on sodium intake) and that pepsin activation readily demonstrates big renin in eluates from gel filtration. PMID- 6780461 TI - Amino acids: modifiers of xanthine oxidase activity. AB - L-Glutamic acid has been found to be a positive and L-lysine a negative modifier of the xanthine oxidase activity at the optimum pH (7.4) of the enzyme. Increase in pH was observed to be associated with a progressive decrease in the inhibition produced by L-lysine. PMID- 6780462 TI - Plasma cortisol, immunoreactive insulin and oral glucose tolerance in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6780463 TI - Nasojejunal and nasoduodenal tube feeding. PMID- 6780464 TI - [The concentration of plasma amino acids during continuous infusion of Traumafusin into patients]. AB - 2 years ago we presented an amino acid solution with a special pattern for parenteral nutrition in the postoperative, posttraumatic period, which was adapted to this situation. The question arose, if this solution would be tolerated in patients with undisturbed metabolism. 10 male volunteers were infused with the amino acid solution (1 g amino acids/kg body weight/day) over a period of 3 days, and the concentration of the amino acids in plasma was measured at different times. It could be shown, that--without some exceptions--the homeostasis of the amino acids was not altered, that means that the proven amino acid solution can be used also in patients, who do not suffer from a post aggression syndrome. PMID- 6780465 TI - [Non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy as a cause of death in 3 surgical patients]. AB - 3 cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy are reported with consecutive death in surgery patients. A long period of vomiting caused by tumors or inflammation in the upper intestinal tract, preceded. This probably causes a deficiency of thiamin. The deficiency was reinforced by high calorie parenteral nourishment. Caused by non-reversible shock and severe destruction of metabolism, only a period of 1-2 days lays between first neurological symptoms and death. in similar cases a sufficient supply of thiamine should be considered. PMID- 6780466 TI - [Postoperative feeding of patients after maxillofacial surgery with the new instant tube-feeding preparation Sokoham]. AB - 25 patients who underwent maxillo-facial surgery were given dayly via a nasogastric tube 1500 ml of the instant diet Sokoham for nutrition during the postoperative period. The calory intake averaged about 2000 kcal (= 10050 kJ) per day. In 2 patients the nutrition with Sokoham caused persistent diarrhea and has to be interrupted. In 4 patients slight diarrhea appeared for 1 to 2 days. The mean frequency of defecation was 0.7 +/- 1/24 hours. Bodyweight, hemoglobin content of the blood, hematocrit blood gases serum levels of creatinin, urea nitrogen, electrolytes transaminases and albumin and the parameters of acid base balance, glucose and fat metabolism did not change significantly. The results of nutrition with Sokoham are compared with the results of other instant formula diets which were tested under similar conditions. PMID- 6780467 TI - Immune complexes and cryoproteins in ascitic fluid of patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - 27 paired specimens of ascitic fluid and serum obtained from patients with alcoholic liver disease were tested for cryoproteins and immune complexes by the C1q binding assay. 20 sera (74%) and ten ascitic fluid (37%) had significant amounts of cryoproteins. The cryoproteins were of the 'mixed' type of cryoglobulins consisting of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 and C1q. The C1q binding test was positive in 17 sera (63%) and in 16 ascitic fluid (59%). Intracytoplasmic inclusions of immunoglobulin and complement were found within the ascitic fluid leukocytes by direct immunofluorescence. The presence of immune complexes in the ascitic fluid may be important in the reduction of the complement level of cirrhotic ascitic fluid. PMID- 6780468 TI - Osmolar changes during dialysis. PMID- 6780469 TI - The glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve. A study of the leaflets' mechanical properties. AB - The modifications of mechanical properties produced in valvular tissue by glutaraldehyde fixation were studied. Porcine aortic leaflets, fresh and fixed with glutaraldehyde in a stressed state, were tested with a mechanical device. The results we obtained show that the fixed leaflets have a failure load higher than fresh ones and an increased elastic recovery. The time of preservation (up to one year) does not affect the mechanical properties of fixed samples. The temperature of shrinkage was also studied, and we found that fixed leaflets show no shrinkage at all. PMID- 6780470 TI - Tyrosinase immobilized within artificial cells for detoxification in liver failure: I. preparation and in vitro studies. AB - The in vitro removal of tyrosine by means of perfusion over immobilized tyrosinase within artificial cells was studied. The assayed activity of the microencapsulated tyrosinase was about half the value of the same amount of enzyme in free solution. Further studies were conducted to determine the stability, kinetics, and clearance of this system. The results obtained suggest that immobilized tyrosinase within artificial cells is efficient in removing tyrosine in vitro and further study in an animal model is feasible. PMID- 6780471 TI - The role of biomaterials in insulin delivery systems. AB - The control of blood glucose levels in diabetes involving devices are critically reviewed, and the role of blood-contacting biomaterial components analyzed. These include mechanical insulin-delivery systems of the closed-loop type that require an electronic glucose sensor and feedback, and open-loop systems that deliver insulin without a sensor and feedback. Whole pancreatic and islet transplantations, islet encapsulation, and the potential role of polymeric sustained drug delivery systems are discussed. The medical and social impacts of diabetes mellitus are of prime public health concern and of even greater magnitude than those of heart disease in the United States. While future advances in device design, miniaturization, and biomaterials technology will significantly add to the arsenal of therapeutic alternatives, devices capable of controlling blood glucose levels ought to be viewed as mere interim phases rather than as final goals of the problem. PMID- 6780472 TI - Artificial gut for total parenteral nutrition through the peritoneal cavity. AB - Total parenteral nutrition was attempted by using the peritoneal route. In this way it was possible to convey to the patients all elemental nutrients used in hyperalimentation. Three patients were studied while treated for an episode of catabolic stress in the course of acute or chronic uremia. Adequacy of treatment was controlled by measuring urea generation rates, plasma concentrations of 3 methyl-histidine, glucose disappearance from dialysate and kinetics of lipid particles removal from plasma. The data collected demonstrate that peritoneal hyperalimentation is is feasible for adequate for clinical purposes. PMID- 6780473 TI - Treatment of massive obesity by prolonged jaw immobilization for edentulous patients. AB - Twenty massively obese patients who were edentulous in one or both jaws were treated by prolonged jaw immobilization. Dentures were secured under general anaesthesia to the edentulous jaws by various direct wiring methods and the jaws immobilized by interdental wires, where teeth were present, and intermaxillary wires. The wired-in dentures were generally well tolerated with minimal mucosal reaction but with a high incidence of infection around the attachment wires. Patients edentulous in one jaw alone, (11 maxilla, two mandible), managed well and 11 achieved a satisfactory weight loss. The seven patients edentulous in both jaws had considerable difficulty with pain and infection, three having the fixation appliances removed in the immediate post-operative period and only one achieved a satisfactory weight loss. Thus prolonged jaw immobilization is an effective means of treating massively obese patients if they are edentulous in one jaw alone but less so if they are completely edentulous. PMID- 6780474 TI - Residual complications in patients with major middle third facial fractures. AB - Residual complications associated with middle third facial fractures have been poorly documented in the literature. In the present study, 240 patients with fractures of the middle third of the facial skeleton, who were treated at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, between 1969 and 1976, were reviewed to determine the residual complications of these fractures. Cranial complications were relatively uncommon, and 60 % of cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea ceased within 3 days of fracture reduction and fixation. Persistent infraorbital sensory defects occurred in 22 % of patients with Le Fort II or Le Fort III fractures. Orbital complications included diplopia, which remained in 8 % of cases, and was often corrected by secondary surgery. Residual complications involving the nose or maxillary sinus were uncommon (less than 5 %). Occlusal disharmony was present as a residual problem in 19.6 % of cases, although this could be managed by simple means in 89 % of these cases so that primary surgery and simple secondary dental procedures a satisfactory result in 98 % of all patients. The low incidence of dental complications is most likely a result of the rigid fixation employed in the fracture management, allowing accurate control of the bone fragments. PMID- 6780475 TI - Bone plate fixation of mandibular fractures. AB - Bone plate fixation has been applied in 11 out of 1400 patients with fractures of the jaws treated between 1970 and 1978. Most of the case were edentulous patients with dislocated fractures or nonunion fractures due to infection or inadequate immobilization of the fragments in the mandible. A relatively high incidence of complications was noted, depending mostly on the nature of the fracture and in some cases on an extensively resorbed mandible. Bone plate fixation doses have its field of application, although the need for its application in routine treatment of uncomplicated mandibular fractures in dentulous patients is rather limited. PMID- 6780476 TI - Relationship between bacterial contamination and alveolitis after third molar surgery. AB - The frequency of alveolitis after third molar surgery was studied in three groups of 40 patients each. One group was premedicated with penicillin V, another with scopolamine, and the third group received no premedication. The respective frequencies of alveolitis were 5, 2.5 and 32.5 % (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001). The aerobic flora in blood sampled from the socket before suturing was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the penicillin group as compared with the controls. In alveolar blood clot sampled 48 h postoperatively, both aerobes and anaerobes were significantly diminished (P less than 0.01). The concentration of penicillin V in alveolar blood ranged from 0.8 to 9.5 mg/l. The total bacterial content in alveolar blood before suturing showed poor correlation with the development of alveolitis. Abundant growth of aerobes was found, however, in 75 % of the patients with alveolitis, but in only 47 % of those without this complication. PMID- 6780477 TI - A histologic and embryologic analysis of so-called globulomaxillary cysts. AB - In an attempt to clarify the confusing concept of the so-called globulomaxillary cyst, we have reviewed all cases of this lesion occurring in the files of the CMDNJ-NJDS Biopsy Service between 1967--1977. We have discussed our cases in terms of the criteria used inconsistently in the literature of the globulomaxillary cyst: its location, the vitality of adjacent teeth, its histologic structure and its supposed origin from non-odontogenic embryonic epithelial remnants. We concluded that none of the criteria established the globulomaxillary cyst as a distinct entity and suggest that use of the term be discontinued. PMID- 6780478 TI - Traumatic bone cysts of the jaws and their presentation. AB - Two cases of traumatic bone cyst of the mandible are reported exhibiting a considerable variation in their presentation and pathogenesis. This spectrum of behaviour is discussed and comparison made with the solitary unicameral bone cyst. PMID- 6780479 TI - Oro-facial lesions of tuberous sclerosis. AB - The occurrence of tuberous sclerosis among Indians has not been reported earlier. In the Ernakulam District, Kerala, in a kindred of 27, seven cases with oro facial or facial lesions of tuberous sclerosis were observed. None of the individuals was mentally retarded, nor was there any history of systemic anomalies. The cases in this series possibly represent an incomplete form (Forme frustes) of the syndrome. The pedigree in the present material supports the autosomal dominant inheritance. PMID- 6780480 TI - Psychological investigations in the undergraduate training for local anesthesia. AB - The efficacy of a simple practical training method for teaching local anesthesia is demonstrated by measuring the tremor of a student's hand giving his first injection. The method consists of self-training of the students using "special" needles and syringes. PMID- 6780481 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the jaws. Report of a case associated with fibrous dysplasia and review of the literature. AB - A case of aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the mandible, recurring for the third time and arising in conjunction with fibrous dysplasia, is reported. A comprehensive review of the literature and analysis of over 50 cases of ABC of the jaws yielded the following results: ABCs of the jaws constitute 1.5 % of all non-odontogenic and non-epithelial cysts of the jaws, and 1.9 % of all ABCs of the skeleton. The mandible was affected in 55 % of the cases, the maxilla in 45 % of the patients. Females represented 53 % of the patients and males the remaining 47 %. Seventy-four percent of the ABCs occurred in patients 20 years old and younger. This lesion is regarded as non-neoplastic and as most likely secondary to a pre-existing bone lesion. Our review established that 21 % of the reported cases in the jaws had developed in association with various primary lesions of bone, including fibro-osseous lesions. The primary bone lesion initiates an osseous, arteriovenous fistula which, through its hemodynamic forces, creates a secondary reactive lesion, that is an aneurysmal bone cyst. We also established a recurrence rate of 26 %, based upon previously reported cases as well as our own. The treatment of choice is surgical curettage with cryosurgery and immediate packing with bone chips. PMID- 6780482 TI - Surgery in the treatment of denture-related inflammatory papillary hyperplasia of the plate. AB - Twenty patients with denture-related papillary hyperplasia of the palate were surgically treated after careful instruction in oral and denture hygiene, insertion of new dentures and nutritional information. A tissue conditioner was used to cause detumescence of the palatal mucosa presurgically and to act as a wound dressing postsurgically. A knife with a semicircular blade made it possible to cut and plane off the papillary hyperplasia in all regions of the palate and accurately to control and vary the thickness of the extirpated tissue. The advantages of this gentle planning surgery were a short healing time (mean 12 days), no bleeding and no pain that necessitated the use of analgetics. After surgery a persistent erythema of the palatal mucosa appeared in five patients. Such a low rate of postsurgical erythema has not previously been reported. A microscopic examination of the extirpated tissue was performed and the findings are discussed. PMID- 6780483 TI - Cooperativity in calcium ion binding to repetitive, carboxylate-serylphosphate polypeptides and the relationship of this property to dentin mineralization. AB - Analogs of phosphophoryn, a calcium-binding phosphorylated protein found in mineralized dentin, were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis. The dentin phosphophoryn appears to contain some sequence blocks of (Asp-PhosphoSer)n. As this sequence is difficult to synthesize, polymers of (alpha-L-Glu-L-Ser) were prepared. The 30-peptide, (alpha-L-Glu-L-Ser)15, was phosphorylated by reaction with orthophosphoric acid in the presence of trichloroacetonitrile in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide. Calcium ion binding studies were carried out with both the 30 peptide and phosphorylated 30-peptide. The conformation of the original 30 peptide, (Glu-Ser)15, was examined, in the presence and absence of calcium ion, by circular dichroism measurements. Purified bovine phosphophoryn, previously studied by the same techniques, was partially dephosphorylated by alkaline phosphatase, and its calcium ion binding properties were determined. Dephosphorylation to 31% of the initial phosphorus content reduced the number of high affinity sites to approximately 30% of the initial value. However, the stoichiometry of binding indicated that both phosphate and carboxylate groups participate in the high affinity binding and that the binding constant was decreased only slightly. Partial phosphorylation of the 30-mer raised the calcium binding constant, Ka, from 2.1 x 10(2) to 3.3 x 10(3) M-1 and increased the amount of binding from an electrostatic equivalent number of sites to a stoichiometric equivalent number. Concomitant with binding, there was a transition from random coil to beta-like structure. These data suggest that the repetitive (Asp-PhosphoSer)n regions in phosphophoryn and the (Glu-PhosphoSer)n sequence of the synthetic polymer have special conformations which favor the unidentate binding of calcium to the carboxyl groups and phosphate groups. and which enhance the binding affinities of the carboxyl groups in such sequences in a cooperative fashion. PMID- 6780484 TI - Thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis neutral protease. Conformation and stability of two homologous neutral metalloendopeptidases. AB - A comparative study on thermolysin from Bacillus thermoproteolyticus and neutral protease from Bacillus subtilis involving (far- and near-ultraviolet circular dichroism (CD) and immunological techniques is reported. These enzymes are homologous metalloendopeptidases, having similar size, kinetic behaviour, substrate specificity and susceptibility to inhibitors. The far-ultraviolet CD spectrum of each protein shows a minimum at 208 and a shoulder near 220 nm; differences in the extent of ellipticity, however, have been observed. Estimates of secondary structure obtained by quantitation of the far-ultraviolet CD spectra indicated a higher helicity of neutral protease relative to thermolysin. In the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, which removes calcium and the functional zinc ion from the metalloenzymes, neutral protease is immediately denatured, whereas thermolysin maintains a globular structure, although thermolabile. On the other hand, the zinc-specific chelating agent tetraethylenepentamine does not have measurable effects on the conformation and conformational stability of either protein. Marked higher stability to temperature and guanidine hydrochloride were observed for thermolysin as compared with neutral protease, as indicated by monitoring conformational transitions with CD measurements at 220 nm. Antisera prepared in rabbits using thermolysin as immunogen do not cross-react with neutral protease, indicating differences of surface structure between the two proteins. On the basis and limitations of the techniques employed, it is proposed that the two sequentially and functionally homologous metalloendopeptidases may have similar conformations at specific regions (active and binding sites, at least) of the polypeptide chain essential for biological function, while some variability in the structure of other regions may be tolerated. PMID- 6780485 TI - Preservation of retinal ganglion cells and normal patterns of retinogeniculate projections in prosimian primates with long-term ablations of striate cortex. AB - Retinal ganglion cell distributions and laminar patterns of retinogeniculate projections were studied in prosimian galagos after partial lesions of striate cortex in adults and survivals of 3 months to 3 years. In contrast to lesions in monkeys, where similar procedures led to a loss of ganglion cells and of projections to the parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus, the striate cortex lesions in galagos produced no detectable loss of ganglion cells and no change in the laminar pattern of retinogeniculate terminations. PMID- 6780486 TI - Experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in the rabbit: bacteriologic, clinical, and microscopic observations. AB - Uniformly severe corneal infections were produced in rabbits by intracorneal injection of a few viable Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bacteria multiplied rapidly, and within 24 hr, about 10 million organisms were present. The numbers remained stable thereafter. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) began to infiltrate peripheral stroma 24 hr after inoculation. By 32 hr, ring-shaped dense accumulations of PMNs were apparent in the anterior stroma with moderate stromal edema. By 48 hr, the anterior one third of central stroma was severely involved with abscess formation and loss of epithelium, and PMNs had invaded full corneal thickness. The area of liquefactive necrosis eventually involved the entire cornea from limbus to limbus, and collagen staining was lost. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the accumulation of small electron-dense particles in association with collagen fibrils and degranulating PMNs. PMID- 6780487 TI - Acutely administered polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) decrease splenic cellularity but increase its ability to cause graft-versus-host reactions in BALB/c mice. AB - A single intraperitoneal injection of 1000 mg/kg body weight of a PCB mixture (Aroclor 1242) to adult male BALB/cc mice caused not only a relative spleen enlargement, but also an absolute spleen lymphocyte depletion. However, there was an enrichment of spleen T cells necessary to cause a graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in (C3H x BALB/c) F1 neonates. The effect was present 6 days after PCB administration and was no longer present on days 12-13. These studies suggest a transient effect of acutely administered PCBs on splenic lymphocytes (B cells, null cells, some T cells) other than mature GVH inducing T cells. The effect may be either similar to or possibly indirectly mediated by corticosteroids. PMID- 6780488 TI - Optimal fixation conditions for the immunoperoxidase identification of human J chain from tissue sections. AB - J chain can be used as a marker of plasmablasts and plasma cells at an earlier stage than intracellular immunoglobulin. Immunoperoxidase techniques were used to study optimal fixation conditions for the preservation of human J chain antigenicity in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The most constantly positive staining for J chain combined with good morphological integrity was obtained with Bouin's fluid for 1.5 h at 20 degrees C. All other fixatives studied showed less consistent staining results. PMID- 6780489 TI - [The problem of maxillary sinus lavage with previously warmed water: the results of bacterial contamination of water samples from ENT examining units (author's transl)]. AB - Water samples which were obtained from 21 ENT examining units were studied for the presence of bacteria. 10(4)--10(6) colony forming bacteria per ml were found in 13 of the units, while an additional 10(2)--10(4) organisms/ml were found in 8 units. Pseudomonas species were found in all samples and primarily involved Ps. acidovorans and Ps. paucimobilis. PMID- 6780490 TI - [Cryosurgery and laser surgery as a therapy of malignant and benign laryngeal processes (author's transl)]. AB - Cryosurgery of the larynx is still in a state of development. In the treatment of laryngeal papillomas cryosurgery has been quite successful. The use of cryosurgery in laryngo-hypopharyngeal carcinoma and in laryngeal stenosis is so far restricted to special indications (old age, risk patients). A combination of cryosurgery with telecobalt irradiation has proved valuable in the managemenmt of tumors. After the basic physics of laser radiation are explained, the principle mechanisms of interaction between the CO2-laser and human tissue are mentioned. This is followed by the description of the different indications for laser surgery in the larynx. A chordectomy and the opening of a subglottic stenosis with the laser beam are described and documented with photographs. Finally there is an outlook to an eventually broader spectrum of indications for laser surgery in the ENT-field. PMID- 6780491 TI - [Surgical management of heavily irradiated tissues (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological changes caused by high-dosage radiation in tissues and bone are described. Characteristic features include compromised blood supply, fibrosis, as well as damage of lymph nodes and osteocytes. Even minor trauma can cause ulceration, infection, radionecrosis or great vessel rupture. Operative treatment is illustrated in two patients. PMID- 6780492 TI - Late complications of radiation only for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6780493 TI - Radiation treatment of stage III mammary carcinoma: a review of 129 patients. PMID- 6780494 TI - Solitary plasmacytoma of bone and soft tissue. PMID- 6780495 TI - Performance evaluation of computerized treatment planning systems for radiotherapy: external photon beams. PMID- 6780496 TI - Precision radiotherapy for cancer of the pancreas: technique and results. PMID- 6780497 TI - Comparative 60Co total body irradiation (220 cm SAD) and 25 MV total body irradiation (370 cm SAD) dosimetry. PMID- 6780498 TI - Physical considerations in the treatment of advanced carcinomas of the larynx and pyriform sinuses using 10 MV X rays. PMID- 6780499 TI - Effects of an acrylic resin tray on relative surface doses for 10 MV X ray beams. PMID- 6780500 TI - The joints of the evolving foot. Part III. The fossil evidence. AB - The fossil record supports the conclusions derived from the study of extant species that the Primates evolved a unique suite of characters in the articulations of the foot. The tarsal bones of African Miocene apes show specializations characteristic of hominoid evolution and provide reasonable precursors for the morphology of Pan, Gorilla and even Pongo. The OH8 foot is essentially ape-like in it major features, with many close resemblances to Pan. Although fairly clearly from a bipedal primate, it lacked important functional specializations found in the human foot. PMID- 6780501 TI - The hypothalamo-pituitary gonadotrophic axis of suckled and nonsuckled dairy cows postpartum. AB - The objective was to determine whether the suckling-induced delay in return to estrus postpartum could be explained by changes in hypothalamic LHRH content or ability of the pituitary to release LH and FSH in response to LHRH or 59 mM K+ in vitro. In addition, serum concentrations of several other hormones were measured. Nine Holstein cows were suckled ad libitum by two calves and milked by machine twice daily and eight were milked by machine only from calving until slaughter on day 14 postpartum. On day 13 postpartum, blood was collected at 15-min intervals from 0815 to 1200 hr and from 2015 to 2400 hours. Suckled cows had lower (P less than .05) mean serum LH concentrations on day 13 postpartum than did nonsuckled controls. This decrease resulted from a 60% reduction in frequency and a 40% reduction in amplitude of episodic LH peaks. Suckling did not affect body weight change postpartum or serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17 beta, total glucocorticoids, prolactin or FSH during the first 14 days postpartum. The suckling-induced decrease in serum LH was not reflected by a reduction in hypothalamic LHRH or pituitary LH on day 14 postpartum. However, pituitary explants from suckled cows on day 14 postpartum secreted 50% less (P less than .01) LH in response to LHRH (25 ng/ml for 30 min) or K+ (59 mM for 30 min) in vitro than did those from nonsuckled cows. Secretion of FSH was increased 20-fold by LHRH and K+ in vitro, but differences due to suckling treatment were not significant. Decreased frequency and amplitude of episodic LH secretion in vivo and reduced capacity of pituitaries to respond to LHRH may be the cause of suckling-induced inhibition of postpartum ovulation in cattle. PMID- 6780502 TI - Antimicrobial activity, uses and mechanism of action of glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6780503 TI - Cell wall-mediated changes in sensitivity of Bacillus megaterium to chlorhexidine and 2-phenoxyethanol, associated with growth rate and nutrient limitation. PMID- 6780504 TI - Thermal activation and dry-heat inactivation of spores of Bacillus subtilis MD2 and Bacillus subtilis var. niger. PMID- 6780505 TI - Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Kurthia. PMID- 6780506 TI - The occurrence of Bacillus cereus in some dried foods including pulses and cereals. PMID- 6780507 TI - Adult malnutrition--some biochemical and hormonal aberrations. PMID- 6780508 TI - Neurofibromatosis with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (Von Recklinghausen-Hernberg Edgren-Swann syndrome) (a case report). PMID- 6780509 TI - Naturally occurring macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance in Bacillus licheniformis. AB - Resistance to the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) group of antibiotics is widespread and of clinical importance. B. Weisblum and his coworkers have demonstrated that this resistance is associated with methylation of the 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid of the large ribosomal subunit which results in a diminished affinity of this organelle for these antibiotics (Lai et al, J. Mol. Biol. 74:67-72, 1973). We report that 10 of 15 natural isolates of Bacillus licheniformis, a common soil organism, are resistant to the MLS antibiotics. The properties of this resistance (high level of tolerance for erythromycin, broad cross-resistance spectrum, and inducibility) suggest that resistance is conferred as described above. The resistance determinant from one of these strains was cloned onto a B. subtilis plasmid vector, and the resulting hybrid plasmid (pBD90) was used to prepare radioactive probe deoxyribonucleic acid for hybridization studies. All of the resistance B. licheniformis strains studied exhibited homology with the pBD90 insert. Plasmid pBD90 showed no homology to the following staphylococcal and streptococcal MLS-resistance plasmids: pE194, pE5, pAM77, pI258. Plasmids pE194 and pE5, on the other hand, carry homologous MLS genes but showed no detectable homology to one another in their replication genes. pBD90 specified a 35,000-dalton erythromycin-inducible protein, detectable in minicells, which therefore appears different from the 29,000-dalton inducible resistance protein specified by pE194. We conclude that there are at least three distinct MLS resistance determinants to be found among gram-positive bacteria. PMID- 6780510 TI - Genetic circularity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome. AB - Genetic circularity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome was demonstrated by a series of two- and three-factor crosses and double-selection experiments with Cma plasmids FP2, FP5, FP110, and R68.45. A range of additional markers, including catabolic markers, were located on the chromosome map. Plasmid FP2, known to have a major origin of chromosome transfer (0 min) was shown to have at least one other minor origin from which it can transfer the chromosome in the direction opposite to that found for the major origin. PMID- 6780511 TI - Regulation of nitrate reductase levels in the cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans, Anabaena sp. strain 7119, and Nostoc sp. strain 6719. AB - The effect of the nitrogen source on the cellular activity of ferredoxin-nitrate reductase in different cyanobacteria was examined. In the unicellular species Anacystis nidulans, nitrate reductase was repressed in the presence of ammonium but de novo enzyme synthesis took place in media containing either nitrate or not nitrogen source, indicating that nitrate was not required as an obligate inducer. Nitrate reductase in A. nidulans was freed from ammonium repression by L methionine-D,L-sulfoximine, an irreversible inhibitor of glutamine synthetase. Ammonium-promoted repression appears therefore to be indirect; ammonium has to be metabolized through glutamine synthetase to be effective in the repression of nitrate reductase. Unlike the situation in A. nidulans, nitrate appeared to play an active role in nitrate reductase synthesis in the filamentous nitrogen-fixing strains Anabaena sp. strain 7119 and Nostoc sp. strain 6719, with ammonium acting as an antagonist with regard to nitrate. PMID- 6780512 TI - Coenzyme M derivatives and their effects on methane formation from carbon dioxide and methanol by cell extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri. AB - Extracts of Methanosarcina barkeri reduced methanol and CO2 to CH4 in the presence of H2 and converted methanol stoichiometrically into CH4 and CO2 in the absence of H2. In dialyzed cell-free extracts these reactions were stimulated by 2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid (coenzyme M) and some derivatives (acetyl and formylcoenzyme M and the oxidized form of coenzyme M), which could be converted to coenzyme M by enzyme systems present in the extracts. Methylcoenzyme M could not be used in these systems. PMID- 6780513 TI - L-cysteine oxidase activity in the membrane of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Among the L-amino acids, only L-cysteine was oxidized by isolated washed membranes of group B Neisseria meningitidis SD1C. The cysteine oxidase in the membrane obeyed Michaelis-Menten kinetics and was heat labile. The pH optimum for the maximum velocity of the reaction was 9.8. Specific activity of the enzyme increased as cell growth progressed through the exponential phase toward the stationary phase of growth. The enzyme activity was markedly sensitive to inhibition by metal chelators, but was resistant to inhibitors of terminal oxidases with the exception of cyanide. All known cytochromes in the membrane, except b563, were reduced with L-cysteine. The additive nature of L-cysteine oxidase and succinate oxidase activities suggests that an unidentified oxidase is involved in the oxidation of cysteine. PMID- 6780514 TI - Menaquinone biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis: isolation of men mutants and evidence for clustering of men genes. AB - Menaquinone (vitamin K2)-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis were selected by simultaneous resistance to two aminoglycoside antibiotics. These men mutants fell into two groups: group I, in which the nutritional requirement was satisfied either by o-succinylbenzoic acid or by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid; and group II, comprising those capable of growing only when supplemented with 1,4-dihydroxy 2-naphthoic acid. The latter group could be further subdivided into two classes on the basis of syntrophy experiments, fine-structure genetic mapping, and in vitro complementation by cell-free extracts (Meganathan et al., J. Bacteriol., 145:328-332, 1981). These subclasses of group II defined the menB and menE genes, whereas group I appeared to comprise mutations in the menC and menD genes. All of the men mutations tested, whether occurring in menB, menE, or menC,D, could be placed by genetic mapping with bacteriophage PBS1 between bioB and ald on the B. subtilis genome. PMID- 6780515 TI - Identification of Bacillus subtilis men mutants which lack O-succinylbenzoyl coenzyme A synthetase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase. AB - Menaquinone (vitamin K2)-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis, whose growth requirement is satisfied by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid but not by o succinylbenzoic acid (OSB), have been analyzed for enzymatic defects. Complementation analysis of cell-free extracts of the mutants revealed that there are two groups, as already indicated by genetic analysis. The missing enzyme in each group was identified by complementation of the cell-free extracts with o succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase extracted from Mycobacterium phlei. Mutants found to lack dihydroxynaphthoate synthase, and which therefore complement with dihydroxynaphthoate synthase of M. phlei, were designated as menB; those lacking o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase, and therefore complementing with o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase, were designated as menE. The menB mutants RB413 (men-325) and RB415 (men-329), when incubated with [2,3-14C2]OSB, produced only the spirodilactone form of OSB in a reaction that was CoA and adenosine 5'-triphosphate dependent. PMID- 6780516 TI - Vectorial and nonvectorial transphosphorylation catalyzed by enzymes II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. AB - Vectorial transphosphorylation of hexitols, catalyzed by enzymes II of the bacterial phosphotransferase system, was studied in intact cells and membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli. In strains depleted of phosphoenolpyruvate and unable to metabolize the internal hexitol phosphate, internal mannitol-1 phosphate stimulated uptake of extracellular [14C]mannitol, whereas external mannitol stimulated release of [14C]mannitol from the intracellular [14C]mannitol 1-phosphate pool. The stoichiometry of mannitol uptake to mannitol release was 1:1. Glucitol did not promote release of [14C]mannitol from the mannitol phosphate pool but stimulated release of [14C]glucitol from internal glucitol phosphate pools when the glucitol enzyme II was induced to high levels. In E coli cells and membrane vesicles, both vectorial and nonvectorial transphosphorylation reactions of hexitols and hexoses were demonstrated. The nonvectorial reactions, but not the vectorial reactions, catalyzed by the mannitol and glucose enzymes II, were inhibited by p-chloromercuriphenyl sulfonate, a membrane-impermeable sulfhydryl reagent which inactivates enzymes II. Similarly, glucose-6-sulfate, an inhibitor of the glucose enzyme II-catalyzed transphosphorylation reaction, specifically inhibited the nonvectorial reaction. This compound was shown to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of methyl alpha-glucoside phosphorylation employing phospho-HPr as the phosphate donor. It apparently exerts its inhibitory effect by exclusive binding to the sugar phosphate binding site on the enzyme II complex. The results are consistent with the conclusion that enzymes II can exist in two distinct dispositions in the membrane, one of which catalyzes vectorial transphosphorylation, and the other catalyzes nonvectorial transphosphorylation. PMID- 6780517 TI - Biosynthesis of membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effects of various antibiotics. AB - The biosynthesis of membrane proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined using various antibiotics (puromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and rifampin). Among six major membrane proteins separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the biosynthesis of two membrane proteins (proteins I and II) was found to be unusually resistant to these antibiotics. The biosynthesis of protein I (apparent molecular weight of 6,500) was completely resistant to puromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline at conditions which severely inhibited the biosynthesis of all the other membrane proteins except for protein II. Under the same conditions, the biosynthesis of protein II (apparent molecular weight of 9,000) was also resistant to puromycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, but was sensitive to chloramphenicol. The effect of rifampin on the biosynthesis of proteins I and II indicated that their messenger RNAs are extremely stable; their functional half lives are 16 and 8 min for proteins I and II, respectively, in contrast with 2.0 and 3.5 min for the average half-lives of the cytoplasmic and membrane proteins, respectively. Protein II was identified as the lipoprotein of the outer membrane from its amino acid composition and mobility in gel electrophoresis. Protein I is a cytoplasmic membrane protein lacking histidine. From the content of arginine residues, the number of protein I molecules per cell was estimated to be as many as, and most likely more than, that of the lipoprotein (protein II). Therefore, protein I is the most abundant protein in P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6780518 TI - Postreplication repair of ultraviolet-irradiated transforming deoxyribonucleic acid in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Repair of ultraviolet-irradiated transforming deoxyriboinucleic acid (DNA) in several strains of Bacillus subtilis was studied in order to determine the effects of excision repair and postreplication repair on transformation. Two mutations that cause a Uvr- and phenotype (uvr-1 and uvr-42) were shown to have strikingly different effects on repair of ultraviolet-irradiated transforming DNA. Genetic and kinetic evidence is presented to show that integrated DNA was apparently repaired by both excision and postreplication repair in wild-type and in uvr-1 recipients, although the latter excise pyrimidine dimers very slowly. In uvr-42 mutants, which are defective in incision at pyrimidine dimers, dimer containing DNA was integrated. Postreplication repair apparently saved uvr-42 recipient cells from the lethal effects of integrated dimers, but the recombination events accompanying postreplication repair greatly reduced the linkage between closely linked genetic markers in the donor DNA. Repair of transforming DNA in a recG recipient, which does excision repair but not postreplication repair, was nearly as efficient as in wild-type cells. However, in this recipient linkage was altered only slightly, if at all, compared with wild-type cells. The apparent reduction in size of integrated regions of ultraviolet-irradiation transforming DNA probably results mainly from postreplication repair of larger integrated regions. PMID- 6780519 TI - Induction of Bacillus subtilis sporulation by nucleosides: inosine appears to be sporogen. AB - Inosine completely reversed the selective inhibition of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis 168 caused bym-aminobenzeneboronic acid; guanosine and adenosine, but not xanthosine, partially reversed inhibition, whereas pyrimidine nucleosides were slightly effective. In addition, 0.005 to 0.025 mM inosine caused a four- to fivefold stimulation of sporulation of B. subtilis grown in minimal salts medium. Ultraviolet and infrared spectra and other physical and chemical properties of inosine were markedly similar to those of "sporogen," a previously described endogenous sporogenesis factor present in sporulating Bacillus species. PMID- 6780520 TI - Cell wall turnover in batch and chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Wall turnover was studied in Bacillus subtilis. The loss of radioactively labeled wall polymers was followed during exponential growth in batch and chemostat cultures. Turnover kinetics were identical under all growth conditions; pulse labeled wall material was lost with first-order kinetics, but only after exponential growth for 1 generation time after its incorporation. Similarly, continuously labeled cells showed an accelerating decrease in wall-bound radioactivity starting immediately after removal of the labeled precursor and also reached first-order kinetics after 1 generation time. A mathematical description was derived for these turnover kinetics, which embraced the concept of "spreading" of old wall chains (H. M. Pooley, J. Bacteriol. 125:1127-1138, 1976). Using this description, we were able to calculate from our experimental data the rate of loss of wall polymers from cells and the fraction of the wall which was sensitive to turnover. We found that about 20% of the wall was lost per generation time and that this loss was affected by turnover activity located in the outer 20 to 45% of the wall; rather large variations were found with both quantities and also between duplicate cultures. These parameters were quite independent of the growth rate (the specific growth rate varied from 1.3 h-1 in broth cultures to 0.2 to 0.3 h-1 in chemostat cultures) and of the nature of the anionic polymer in the wall (which was teichoic acid in cultures with an excess of phosphate and teichuronic acid in phosphate-limited chemostat cultures). Some implications of the observed wall turnover kinetics for models of wall growth in B. subtilis are discussed. PMID- 6780521 TI - Rhizobium japonicum mutant strains unable to grow chemoautotrophically with H2. AB - Rhizobium japonicum strain SR grows chemoautotrophically on a mineral salts medium when incubated in an H2- and CO2-containing atmosphere. Mutant strains unable to grow or that grow very poorly chemoautotrophically with H2 have been isolated from strain SR. The mutant isolation procedure involved mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulfonate, penicillin selection under chemoautotrophic growth conditions, and plating of the survivors onto medium containing carbon. The resulting colonies were replica plated onto medium that did not contain carbon, and the plates were incubated in an H2- and CO2-containing atmosphere. Mutant strains unable to grow under these conditions were chosen. Over 100 mutant strains with defects in chemoautotrophic metabolism were obtained. The phenotypes of the mutants fall into various classes. These include strains unable to oxidize H2 and strains deficient in CO2 uptake. Some of the mutant strains were capable of oxidizing H2 only when artificial electron acceptors were provided. Two mutant strains specifically lack activity of the key CO2-fixing enzyme ribulose 1,5 bisphosphate carboxylase. Other mutant strains lack both H2-oxidizing ability and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity. PMID- 6780522 TI - Synthesis of Bacillus cereus spore coat protein. AB - The major structural protein of Bacillus cereus spore coats was synthesized, commencing 1 to 2 h after the end of exponential growth, as a precursor with a mass of ca. 65,000 daltons. About 40% of this precursor, i.e. 26,000 daltons, was converted to spore coat monomers of 13,000 daltons each, perhaps as disulfide linked dimers. The rate of conversion varied, being initially slow, most rapid at the time of morphogenesis of the coat layers, and then slow again late in sporulation, coincident with a decrease in intracellular protease activity. There was a second major spore coat polypeptide of about 26,000 daltons that was extractable from mature spores in variable amounts. This protein had a peptide profile and a reactivity with spore coat protein antibody that were very similar to those of the 13,000-dalton monomers. It is probably a disulfide-linked dimer that is not readily dissociated. PMID- 6780523 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane: peptidoglycan-associated proteins. AB - The Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane was isolated with attached peptidoglycan and fractionated with Triton X-100, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and lysozyme. The data suggest that major outer membrane proteins F, H2, and I are noncovalently associated with the peptidoglycan. PMID- 6780524 TI - Entry of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid during transformation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The state of donor deoxyribonucleic acid after entry into competent cells was examined by assaying the transformed cell lysates for donor-marker transforming activity and density of donor deoxyribonucleic acid in CsCl gradients. The experiments showed that deoxyribonucleic acid entered in native, double-stranded form. PMID- 6780525 TI - Mechanism of the rel defect in beta-galactosidase synthesis. AB - Relaxed (relA) mutants of Escherichia coli are defective in beta-galactosidase synthesis during amino acid limitation. We show here that this defect comprises both a transcriptional component and a translational component. PMID- 6780526 TI - Quantitation of bacillus subtilis L-form growth parameters in batch culture. AB - Several methods were used to monitor the growth of a stable L-form in batch culture. The end of the exponential growth phase was determined with greatest accuracy by the amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid per milliliter of culture. Optical density and viable count data were not as reliable because the L-forms began to lyse at the end of exponential growth. Lysis was detected visually, by phase-contrast observations of wet mounts, and by release of ultraviolet absorbing material into culture supernatant fluids. PMID- 6780527 TI - Characterization and mapping of temperature-sensitive division initiation mutations of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two temperature-sensitive, filamenting mutants of Bacillus subtilis (ts1 and ts12) have been shown to be defective in the initiation of septation. Recombination index mapping showed that these mutations mapped in two different but closely linked genes. A third proposed initiation mutation, tms-12, probably maps in the same gene as ts12. Another proposed initiation mutation was not linked with these genes by transformation, indicating that there was a minimum of three genes involved in the initiation of division. PBS1 transduction mapping located these three genes close to the pyr cluster. PMID- 6780528 TI - Effect of a new pyrimidine analog on Bacillus subtilis growth. AB - 2-Amino-5-ethoxycarbonylpyrimidine-4(3H)-one, a pyrimidine analog, inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis. Data were obtained which suggested that the analog interfered with the methylation process. A mutant resistant to the inhibitor was isolated, and the mutation was mapped. PMID- 6780529 TI - Structural comparison of Neisseria gonorrhoeae outer membrane proteins. AB - Outer membranes from opaque colonia variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae P9 contain a major outer membrane protein (protein I) together with one or more of a series of heat-modifiable proteins (proteins II). Proteins I. II, and IIa have been isolated by detergent extraction of outer membranes. Amino acid analysis showed proteins II and IIa to have a very similar composition. Cyanogen bromide cleavage of proteins II and IIa produced a pair of fragments with identical molecular weight and a pari which differed by an amount (0.5K) equivalent to the difference between the intact proteins. Tryptic peptide maps of 125I-labeled proteins II, IIa, and IIb showed many similarities, with only a few peptides unique to any one protein. Peptide maps of protein IIa from cells which had been surface labeled showed that the unique peptides were exposed on the surface. The heat-modifiable proteins thus appear to form a family of proteins with closely related structure probably differing in that part which is exposed on the bacterial surface. PMID- 6780530 TI - Effect of glutamine on enzymes of nitrogen metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. AB - An earlier study of the regulation of glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in Bacillus subtilis (Deshpande et al., Bichem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 95:55--60, 1980) revealed an inverse relationship between the specific activity of this essential ammonia-assimilatory enzyme and the intracellular pool of glutamine: GOGAT activity decreased when the internal glutamine concentration reached or exceeded 2.5 mM. This finding prompted the present investigation of the intracellular events linking glutamine formation to the regulation of GOGAT. A growing culture of B. subtilis was shifted from glutamate plus NH+4 medium (high GOGAT activity) to glutamate medium (low GOGAT activity). At various times after the shift, the intracellular concentrations of aspartate, glutamate, glutamine, alanine, and NH+4 and the activities of GOGAT and glutamine synthetase (GS) were measured. After 30 min, the only significant pool level change was an eightfold increase in glutamine, which paralleled a 2- to 3-fold increase in GS activity. Approximately 15 min after the glutamine pool reached its peak, GOGAT activity began to decrease and eventually declined 2.5-fold. In contrast, when B. subtilis was shifted from glutamate medium to glutamate plus NH+4 medium, there was a 1- to 2 h lag before the glutamine pool and GS activity approached a steady state. As a result, GOGAT activity was low until the concentration of glutamine dropped below 2.5 mM. We propose that glutamine is an important regulatory element in the control of GOGAT activity and that one form of GOGAT regulation involves enzyme inactivation. In addition, these results indicate that glutamine is neither a corepressor nor a feedback inhibitor of GS. PMID- 6780531 TI - Inhibition of nitrogenase activity by NH+4 in Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Nitrogenase activities and the patterns of in vivo inhibition of nitrogenase by NH+4 were compared in Rhodospirillum rubrum grown under several conditions of nitrogen availability. In cells grown on N2 or glutamate plus N2, nitrogenase activity was relatively low and was totally inhibited by added NH+4 in 15 to 20 min. In contrast, cells grown on glutamate alone displayed higher nitrogenase activity, and NH+4 had very little effect. Cells grown on limiting amounts of NH+4 had lower nitrogenase activity, but NH+4 produced little inhibitory effect. Uptake of NH+4 could be demonstrated under all of these conditions, and this uptake was blocked by DL-methionine-dl-sulfoximine. The data indicated that cells not recently exposed to NH+4 had no mechanism for rapidly turning off nitrogenase activity in response to sudden additions of NH+4. In contrast, cells grown in the presence of N2, which form NH+4 internally, inhibited nitrogenase activity relatively quickly in response to added NH+4. PMID- 6780532 TI - Inactivation of transforming Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid by monoadducts of 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen. AB - 4,5',8-Trimethylpsoralen (TMP) monoadducts inactive transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in Bacillus subtilis. Contrary to TMP diadducts (TMP cross-links), which severely inhibit entry of donor DNA (G. Venema and U. Canosi, Mol. Gen. Genet. 179:1--11), TMP monoadducts have only a slight effect on entry. Since reextracted TMP-monoadduct-containing transforming DNA is a differentially repaired by Uvr- and Uvr+ recipients and cross-linkable to the recipient strand in the heteroduplex recombinant DNA molecules, the monoadducts can be integrated along with the donor DNA into the recipient chromosome. PMID- 6780533 TI - Transformation of a Bacillus subtilis L-form with bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - A stable L-form, sal-1, of Bacillus subtilis was transformed with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from bacteriophages phi 25 and phi 29 to determine whether exogenous DNA can be introduced into this organism. The viral transformation (transfection) was successful with the use of polyethylene glycol. In the presence of the fusogen, bacteriophage phi 25 DNA initiated a single cycle of infection. When compared with transfection of competent cells of Bacillus subtilis, the appearance of viral particles was delayed and their production occurred over a longer time period. L-form cells were best able to support intracellular replication of phi 25 viral particles when in balanced growth in a rich medium. The addition of polyethylene glycol also induced infection of sal-1 with whole bacteriophage phi 25 particles which could not otherwise infect the L form and enhanced infection by intact phi 29 particles. Primary recombination was shown to be required for polyethylene glycol-mediated phi 25 transfection, but not phi 29 transfection or for whole bacteriophage phi 25 infection mediated by polyethylene glycol. Successful transfection of sal-1 suggests that the L-form may be amenable to genetic modification with exogenous DNA. PMID- 6780534 TI - Natural heterozygosity in Candida albicans. AB - We subjected 16 Candida albicans clinical isolates to ultraviolet radiation and tested the survivors for auxotrophy. Six isolates displayed strongly biased auxotroph spectra: three yielded methionine auxotrophs, two yielded both isoleucine-valine and adenine auxotrophs, and one yielded lysine auxotrophs. We present evidence that auxotrophs arise by segregation from naturally occurring heterozygous states. The remaining isolates yielded few or no auxotrophs in an arbitrary sample (greater than 2,500) of survivors of irradiation. Our experiments indicate that C. albicans is diploid, although aneuploidy (2n + i) cannot be rigorously excluded. We discuss the possible utility of heterozygosity as a marker in epidemiological studies, and we discuss a rationale for the frequent occurrence of heterozygosity. PMID- 6780535 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae cell envelope: permeability to hydrophobic molecules. AB - Isogenic variants of antibiotic-resistant and -sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae were examined for differences in the inhibition of oxygen uptake by steroid hormones. Mutants designated as env, which possessed cell envelope mutations allowing phenotypic suppression of low-level antibiotic resistance, were more sensitive to steroid hormone inhibition of oxygen uptake than the wild-type parental strains. Possession of an mtr locus, which confers nonspecific resistance to multiple antibiotics, dyes, and detergents, was also associated with an increase in resistance to steroid hormone inhibition of oxygen uptake. The penA2 locus, which confers an eightfold increase in resistance to penicillin, was not responsible for the increased resistance to steroid hormones. Phospholipids in the outer membrane of intact env-2 cells were susceptible to digestion by phospholipase C, indicating exposure of phospholipid head groups on the outer surface. Cells of a wild-type and mtr-2 strain were not susceptible to phospholipase C digestion unless they were pretreated with mixed exoglycosidases. This pretreatment also increased the sensitivity of mtr-2 cells to progesterone inhibition of O2 uptake. These data suggest that the permeability of the gonococcus to hydrophobic antibiotic and steroid molecules is mediated by the degree of phospholipid exposure on the outer membrane. PMID- 6780536 TI - Purification of polypeptide P6 with a molecular weight of 6,000 from the vegetative chromosomes of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Folded chromosomes were prepared as membrane-associated complexes from vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis by stepwise sucrose gradient centrifugation. From nucleoids, a deoxyribonucleic acid-bound polypeptide with a molecular weight of 6,000 (P6) was purified by KCl-(NH4)2SO4 salting out, diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography, and deoxyribonucleic acid cellulose column chromatography. The amino acid composition of polypeptide P6 was determined. PMID- 6780537 TI - In vivo and in vitro chemotactic methylation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two doublets of Bacillus subtilis membrane proteins with molecular weights of 69,000 and 71,000 and of 30,000 and 30,800, were labeled by C3H3 transfer in the absence of protein synthesis. In addition, there was intense methylation of several low-molecular-weight substances. Both doublets were missing in a chemotaxis mutant. The equivalent proteins in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium are believed to be the methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins. The higher-molecular-weight doublet bands were increased in degree of methylation upon addition of attractant to the bacteria. A methyltransferase from B. subtilis that methylates the wild-type membrane significantly better than the mutant membrane, using S-adenosylmethionine, has been partly purified. The methylated product was alkali labile and is probably a gamma-glutamyl methyl ester, as in E. coli and S. typhimurium. Ca2+ ion inhibited the methyltransferase, with a Ki of about 80 nM. Analysis of the in vitro methylation product showed labeling of the 69,000-dalton methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein and a low-molecular-weight protein, using wild-type membrane. Labeling of the low-molecular-weight protein but not of the 69,000 dalton protein was observed when the mutant membrane was used. The chemotaxis mutant tumbled much longer than the wild type when diluted away from attractant. PMID- 6780538 TI - Thermally induced heterogeneity in microsomal membranes of fatty acid supplemented Tetrahymena: lipid composition, fluidity and enzyme activity. AB - Thermally induced phase separation was observed to occur in microsomal membranes of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis, using the technique of freeze-fracture electron microscopy. In the present study, we attempted to fractionate the phase separated membranes which were produced by chilling cells by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. When Tetrahymena was grown in the presence of palmitic acid, cells rapidly incorporated the fatty acid into their phospholipids. The resulting endoplasmic reticulum containing a high level of palmitic acid was more susceptible to thermotropic phase separation. Despite the profound alterations in the fatty acid composition, the cells retained normal growth rate, appearance and cell motility. Smooth microsomes isolated from palmitic acid-supplemented Tetrahymena cells were sonicated and then fractionated into three major subfractions. Fraction-I with lower buoyant density was rich in phospholipids and saturated fatty acids, while Fraction-III with higher density was rather rich in proteins and contained more unsaturated fatty acids in the phospholipids. A significant change was also observed in the polar head composition of phospholipids in these fractions. ESR analysis demonstrated that the extracted lipids from Fraction-III were more fluid than those from Fraction-I. In addition, the motion of the spin probe in the native membranes was more restricted than in extracted lipids. These results indicate that the lipid phase separation causes "squeezing out" of the membrane proteins from the less fluid to the fluid areas. Furthermore, we examined the temperature dependence of the activities of glucose 6-phosphatase and palmitoyl CoA desaturase. PMID- 6780539 TI - Nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from Lingula anatina. A study on the molecular evolution of 5S ribosomal RNA from a living fossil. AB - By chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-100, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, 5S rRNA was purified from a low-molecular weight RNA fraction extracted from the total tissues of Lingula anatina. Complete digests of the 5S rRNA with RNase T1 [EC 3.1.4.8] and pancreatic RNase [EC 3.1.4.22] were sequenced by conventional column chromatography procedures. The nucleotide sequence of this RNA was determined mainly by a chemical method for sequencing the RNA 3' end-labeled with 32P (1), with the complement of the oligonucleotide catalog obtained by the complete RNase digestions of the RNA. By comparing the sequences of several invertebrate, vertebrate, and Chlorella 5S rRNAs, a phylogenic tree of the rRNAs was constructed and the time of divergence of Lingula was estimated. PMID- 6780540 TI - Isolation and some properties of a new fiber-forming protein from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Isolation and characterization of a fibrous protein component which might be associated with contractile ring of a dividing Tetrahymena cell were attempted by making use of coprecipitation of the protein with rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. The protein was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation between 40--70% saturation and column chromatography of Sephadex G-200, starting from KCl extract of Tetrahymena acetone powder. Its molecular weight was calculated to be 38,000, based on the electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel, whereas molecular weight of its native state was determined to be 140,000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and its sedimentation coefficient was about 9S as estimated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The latter was a particle of 7.7 nm in diameter under an electron microscope and supposed to be a tetramer of the 38,000-dalton protein. The protein is considered to be a new, unique protein, since it is definitely different from the ubiquitous non-muscle actin in molecular weight, polymerizability in KCl solution and amino acid composition, and it also different from tropomyosin and tubulin in immunological characteristics and amino acid composition. PMID- 6780541 TI - Localization of a new fiber-forming protein within Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - As a step to study the biological function of a new protein, fiber-forming protein-38,000 (FFP-38), which was previously isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis, its intracellular localization was investigated by using antiserum specific for FFP-38. Double immunodiffusion tests revealed that the anti-FFP-38 serum reacted with the protein(s) in isolated organelles such as oral apparatus, pellicles and mitochondria, to give rise to a precipitin line confluent with the line formed between the antiserum and the FFP-38. Furthermore, indirect fluorescent antibody staining showed that fluorescence was intensely localized in the oral apparatus and faintly distributed throughout the cytoplasm. In particular, distinct fluorescence was found along the division furrow of dividing Tetrahymena. PMID- 6780542 TI - In vitro filament formation of a new fiber-forming protein from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Using a 38,000-dalton protein (FFP-38) purified from Tetrahymena acetone powder, we have succeeded in the polymerization of this protein into 14-nm filaments. The polymerization was initiated by incubating the purified FFP-38 fraction in a buffer containing 5 mM Mes (2-(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid), 50 mM KCl, 1.2 mM CaCl2, 0.6 mM ATP, pH 6.6, and by shifting the incubation temperature from 0 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The 14-nm filament is considered to consist of 7-nm globular subunits regularly arranged into 2 start, helical strands with 4 subunits per turn. The subunit may correspond to 9S tetramer of FFP-38, a native form of FFP-38. Since the subunit arrangement and subunit protein component of this 14-nm filament obviously differ from those of actin filament, 10-nm intermediate filament and microtubule, the 14-nm filament appears to be a newly found intracellular filament. Concerning the FFP-38 polymerization, some polymorphism appeared: we found ring structures having the diameters of 0.3--3.7 micrometers and latticed sheet structure, besides typical straight filaments. PMID- 6780543 TI - The apparent binding constants of Ca2+ to EGTA and heavy meromyosin. AB - The apparent binding constant (K E app) of EGTA to Ca2+ was determined using a color indicator, murexide, or a Ca2+-selective electrode in the pH range between 6.5 and 7.5, at 5 degrees C and at 20 degrees C. K E app values obtained at two different temperatures (5 degrees C and 20 degrees C) were essentially the same when measured at the same pH. However, K E app depended markedly on pH. In the presence of 0.1 M KCl and 20 mM MOPS-KOH buffer (pH 6.8), K E app was 6.3 X 10(5) M-1. The absolute binding constant (K) was calculated as 10(10.48). Addition of 10 mM MgCl2 did not change the K E app. The binding of Ca2+ to heavy meromyosin was studied in 0.1 M KCl and 20 mM MOPS-KOH buffer (pH 7.2), at 5 degrees C. The binding constant and maximum binding number (mol/mol) were obtained as 1.8 X 10(6) M-1 and 1.4, respectively. PMID- 6780544 TI - Demonstrations of the production of specific antibodies to poly(I).poly(C) in rabbits. AB - The rabbit antiserum against poly(I).poly(C) purified by hydroxyapatite column chromatography contained three distinct antibodies. They were fractionated into three antibody populations by a series of precipitations (with poly(A).poly(U), poly(I), and poly(I).poly(C)) and their specificities were examined by quantitative complement fixation, double diffusion tests and radioimmunoassay. The first population was common to the double helical structure of double stranded RNAs. The second was specific for poly(I) and the third was specific for poly(I).poly(C). These studies demonstrated that specific antibodies exclusively reactive with poly(I).poly(C) existed in the rabbit antiserum against poly(I).poly(C). PMID- 6780545 TI - Sodium-ion stimulated amino acid uptake in membrane vesicles of alkalophilic Bacillus no. 8-1. AB - Membrane vesicles were isolated from alkalophilic Bacillus No. 8-1, and the active transport of amino acids was studied. The transport of amino acids was dependent upon substrate oxidation and the presence of Na+. Concentrative uptake of amino acids was stimulated by the addition of an artificial electron donor system, ascorbate-phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and to a lesser extent by NADH, while succinate, L-lactate, and alpha-glycerol-phosphate did not stimulate the uptake. N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) and cytochrome c were able to replace PMS, and reduced forms of these compounds were also very efficient electron donors. Amino acid transport was dependent on electron transfer, and inhibition of NADH oxidation by cyanide, 2-heptyl-4 hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide (HOQNO), and sodium azide directly prohibited serine transport. The pH optima for serine transport lay between pH 8 and 9 for all energy sources. Sodium ion stimulated serine transport in the presence of NADH, NADH plus cytochrome c or succinate plus PMS, but had no stimulatory effect on the corresponding dehydrogenase activities. Sodium ion was also required for accumulation of serine in response to an artificial membrane potential where the respiratory chain was not operative. These results indicated that the stimulatory effect of Na+ on amino acid uptake was on the transport process itself. PMID- 6780546 TI - A radioimmunoassay for guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate and adenosine-5' triphosphate-3'-diphosphate. AB - A radioimmunoassay for guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and adenosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate (pppApp) has been developed. The assay method is based on competition of an unlabeled highly phosphorylated nucleotide with 3H-labeled highly phosphorylated nucleotide for binding sites on a specific antibody. Antibodies to ppGpp and pppApp were obtained by immunizing rabbits with the antigen prepared by conjugating ppGpp with human serum albumin using 1-ethyl 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, and with the antigen prepared by conjugating 8-(6-aminohexyl)amino-adenosine-5'-triphosphate-3'-diphosphate with human serum albumin using glutaraldehyde, respectively. Antibody-bound 3H-labeled highly phosphorylated nucleotides were separated from the free 3H-labeled highly phosphorylated nucleotides by selective adsorption on dextran-coated charcoal. Displacement plots were linear over a concentration range of 5-1,000 pmol/assay tube in a log-probit percentage plot. Application of this method to biological systems offers improved accuracy and convenience compared with the previous 32PO4 labeling technique. PMID- 6780547 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography and physicochemical properties of the guanine-specific ribonuclease of Fusarium moniliforme. AB - Ribonuclease F1, the guanine-specific ribonuclease of Fusarium moniliforme, was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ethanol fractionation, affinity chromatography and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The adsorbent for the affinity chromatography was synthesized by the coupling of periodate-oxidized guanosine 5'-monophosphate to aminohexyl agarose followed by sodium borohydride reduction. Ribonuclease F2, the minor component, was also purified to near homogeneity by the same procedure. Ribonucleases F1 and F2 had the same molecular weight (about 11,000) as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. They also showed the same amino acid composition and differed only in the isoelectric point: 4.10 for F1 and 3.96 for F2. PMID- 6780548 TI - Processing of a putative precursor of rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase, a mitochondrial matrix enzyme. AB - A putative precursor of rat liver ornithine transcarbamylase [EC 2.1.3.3] which was about 3,400 daltons larger than the subunit of the mature enzyme (36,000 daltons) was synthesized in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system and immunoprecipitated using an antibody against the bovine enzyme and fixed Staphylococcus aureus cells. The mature enzyme of rat liver competed effectively with the putative precursor for interaction with the antibody. Digestion of the putative precursor by S. aureus protease gave a pattern of peptide fragments similar to that of the mature enzyme. A rat liver mitochondrial preparation converted the putative precursor to a polypeptide which comigrated with the mature subunit on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. The "processed" product was recovered in sedimented mitochondria and was no longer susceptible to externally added proteases. These results indicate that the enzyme is synthesized as a larger precursor which may be imported into mitochondria in association with post-translational proteolytic processing to the mature form of the enzyme. PMID- 6780549 TI - The evolution of multi-isoacceptor tRNA families. Sequence of tRNA Leu CAA and tRNA Leu CAG from Anacystis nidulans. AB - Two leucine tRNAs from the cyanophyte Anacystis nidulans have been isolated, and their complete nucleotide sequences have been determined by combining data from oligonucleotide fingerprints and sequencing gels. The two sequences are 87 nucleotides long, have the anticodons CAA and CAG, and differ from each other at a total of 28 positions. They have been compared to other known tRNA Leu sequences and incorporated into a phylogenetic tree comprising prokaryotic and chloroplastic tRNA Leu sequences. Mutations inferred from the tree show that some parts of the tRNA molecule are highly variable (the extra arm and the acceptor stem) while others are much more conserved (the D and T arms). The topology of the tree supports the idea that blue-green algae and chloroplasts share a common prokaryotic ancestor and show a basic divergence between XAA and XAG anticodon containing tRNAs, suggesting that these two subfamilies result from an ancient gene duplication. Finally, comparison of this phylogenetic tree with those of other multi-isoacceptor tRNA families shows no common scheme, which may be due to independent refinement of codon-reading patterns in different tRNA families. PMID- 6780550 TI - Structures of sialylated O-glycosidically and N-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides in a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain. PMID- 6780551 TI - Evolutionarily homologous alpha 2 beta 2 oligomeric structures in beta ketoadipate succinyl-CoA transferases from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas putida. AB - Homogeneous beta-ketoadipate succinyl-CoA transferase (EC 2.8.3.6) preparations were obtained from extracts of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas putida. Gel filtration indicated that the respective transferases have similar molecular weights of 108,000 and 109,000; each transferase appears to have an alpha 2 beta 2 oligomeric structure formed by association of nonidentical subunits with a molecular weight of about 25,000. The subunits were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, and differences in their primary structures were revealed by determination of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the oligomers. The transferases cross-react immunologically and possess similar amino acid compositions. These are remarkably similar to the amino acid compositions of gamma-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1.44) and beta-ketoadipate enol-lactone hydrolases (EC 3.1.1.24), enzymes that mediate consecutive reactions preceding the transferase step in the beta ketoadipate pathway. PMID- 6780552 TI - Structure-function relations in platelet-thrombin reactions. Inhibition of platelet-thrombin interactions by lysine modification. AB - The chemical modification of lysine residues in human alpha-thrombin has been used to study the interaction of thrombin with human platelets. Phosphopyridoxylation of thrombin using pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (pyridoxal-P) has been shown to inhibit the fibrinogen clotting activity of thrombin but not the catalytic activity (Griffith, M. J. J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3401-3406). Phosphopyridoxylation resulted in marked inhibition of the platelet-activating activity of thrombin. The concentration of pyridoxal-P-thrombin required to induce half-maximal platelet aggregation and release was 60 times greater than that of unmodified thrombin. Binding studies using pyridoxal-P-125I-thrombin showed a loss of both high and low affinity binding of thrombin to the surface of intact gel filtered platelets. In contrast, thrombin modified with pyridoxal-P in the presence of heparin incorporated up to 1 mol of pyridoxal-P per mol of thrombin. The heparin-protected pyridoxal-P-thrombin was only slightly inhibited in its interaction with platelets, and binding studies with the heparin-protected pyridoxal-P-125I-thrombin showed selective loss of low affinity binding but preservation of high affinity binding. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that residues at the macromolecular binding site of thrombin are involved in the binding of thrombin to platelets and further separate this functional region of thrombin into two lysine-containing subregions, one which is protected from modification by heparin which is involved in high affinity binding, and another which is not protected by heparin which is involved in low affinity binding. PMID- 6780553 TI - L-threonine dehydrogenase. Purification and properties of the homogeneous enzyme from Escherichia coli K-12. AB - L-Threonine dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of L-threonine to aminoacetone + CO2 presumably via the intermediate formation of alpha-amino-beta ketobutyrate, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from extracts of a mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 which has constitutively derepressed levels of the enzyme. Three fractionation steps were used including controlled heat denaturation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and blue dextran-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band, coincident with dehydrogenase activity, when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.0 and 9.5. Electrophoresis in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate also showed one band and a single schlieren peak was seen during sedimentation velocity centrifugation. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 140,000 +/- 4,000 as determined by sucrose density and sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation. Based on electrophoresis in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation in 6 M guanidine.HCl, and cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate, the molecule is a tetramer consisting of identical (or nearly identical) subunits with Mr approximately equal to 35,000. L-Threonine dehydrogenase is specific for NAD+ or NAD+ analogs and utilizes L-threonine, D allothreonine, or L-threonine amide as the best substrates. In 50 mM Tris.HCl buffer (pH 8.4) and 37 degrees C, the Km values for L-threonine and NAD+ are 1.43 and 0.19 mM, respectively. The enzyme has a pH optimum of 10.3, is activated by Mn2+, and shows a substantial loss of activity when treated with certain sulfhydryl-reacting reagents. PMID- 6780554 TI - The importance of inorganic phosphate in regulation of energy metabolism of Streptococcus lactis. AB - This paper is concerned with the control of glycolysis in nongrowing Streptococcus lactis 7962. Changes were measured in the concentrations of glycolytic intermediates, intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi), and adenine nucleotides following addition of glucose to cells that were in a starved condition. We find that intracellular Pi is a major factor in the control of glycolysis. In starved cells, the intracellular Pi concentration is high, greater than 40 mM. The large phosphoenolpyruvate pool that exists in starved cells can be explained as a result of inhibition of pyruvate kinase by the high concentration of Pi. On the other hand, in cells that are metabolizing glucose at a steady state rate, the cellular Pi concentration is low and pyruvate kinase is active. Upon depletion of glucose from the medium, the metabolite concentrations return to the values originally found in the starved state. This glucose depletion raises the intracellular Pi which again leads to inhibition of pyruvate kinase and the consequent buildup of the P-enolpyruvate pool. PMID- 6780555 TI - Isolation and structural characterization of human lymphocyte and neutrophil gangliosides. AB - Gangliosides were isolated from purified preparations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and neutrophils. Structural analyses and comparisons were performed by direct probe mass spectrometry and by degradation studies with the following enzymes: Escherichia freundii endo-beta-galactosidase; Clostridium perfringens and Arthrobacter ureafaciens neuraminidase; and jack bean beta-N acetylhexosaminidase and beta-galactosidase. This combination of techniques allowed us to obtain carbohydrate composition and sequence information without the aid of methylation or carbohydrate compositional analyses using only 1-2 mg of purified gangliosides. On the basis of these studies we propose that human lymphocytes and neutrophils have gangliosides with the following structures. NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Structure A NeuAc alpha 2 leads to ? GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Structure B NeuAc alpha 2 leads to ? Gal beta 1 leads to 3,4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer Structure C All three compounds were isolated from both cell types with structure A being the major lymphocyte ganglioside and structure C the major neutrophil ganglioside. Structure B is a novel ganglioside and may represent a leukocyte-specific glycosphingolipid. Neuraminidase degradation studies demonstrated that only one ganglioside species of each cell type contains an internally linked sialic acid residue, and on the basis of thin layer chromatographic analysis this component is the same as the major brain ganglioside, GM1 (II3-N-acetylneuraminosyl gangliotetraosylceramide). In addition, large gangliosides with the general structure NeuAc alpha 2 leads to ?(Gal beta 1 leads to 3,4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3)n Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc beta 1 leads to 1Cer were isolated. These results are discussed as they relate to blood group antigens and specific cell surface markers in human leukocytes. PMID- 6780556 TI - Antifreeze proteins from the sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus. Further evidence for diversity among fish polypeptide antifreezes. AB - The antifreeze proteins of the sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, were isolated and compared with other fish antifreeze proteins. The sea raven contains one major protein of molecular weight 14,000-16,000 with little or no carbohydrate. Except for its similar seasonal appearance, the sea raven antifreeze protein differs from other polypeptide antifreeze in its amino acid composition, secondary structure, and immunological specificity. Amino acid analysis of sea raven antifreeze showed that it contains a high amount of half-cystine, hydrophilic amino acids, and only an average amount of alanine. In contrast, all other fish antifreeze proteins contain approximately 60% alanine and no half cystine residues. Furthermore, the sea raven antifreeze protein is sensitive to sulfhydryl reagents. The antifreeze activity was decreased by 67% in the presence of 0.01 M dithiothreitol. Circular dichroism studies indicated the absence of significant amounts of alpha-helix and the possible presence of beta-structure. Antibodies raised against the antifreeze protein did not cross-react with the known polypeptide antifreeze from the winter flounder and shorthorn sculpin (Hew, C. L., Fletcher, G. L., and Ananthanarayanan, V. S. (1980) Can. J. Biochem. 58, 377-383). A specific radioimmunoassay was developed for the sea raven antifreeze protein and was used to quantitate the protein concentration in the fish. The seasonal profile obtained by radioimmunoassay was compatible with the antifreeze activity determined with a freezing point osmometer. PMID- 6780557 TI - Effects of insulin and multiplication-stimulating activity on proteoglycan biosynthesis in chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6780558 TI - Limited proteolysis of the penicillin-sensitive D-alanine carboxypeptidase purified from Bacillus subtilis membranes. Active water-soluble fragments generated by cleavage of a COOH-terminal membrane anchor. PMID- 6780559 TI - Primary structure of the COOH-terminal membranous segment of a penicillin sensitive enzyme purified from two Bacilli. AB - D-Alanine carboxypeptidase is a penicillin-sensitive intrinsic membrane enzyme which is composed of a hydrophilic NH2-terminal catalytic domain (Mr congruent to 45,000 to 47,000) and a COOH-terminal membranous segment (approximately 20 to 30 amino acids in length) (Waxman, D. J., and Strominger, J. L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 4863-4875; Waxman, D. J., and Strominger, J. L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2059-2066). The primary structures of the COOH-terminal 30 amino acids of two D-alanine carboxypeptidase purified from bacterial membranes were determined (residues numbered from the COOH terminus): Bacillus stearothermophilus: (formula see text) Water-soluble fragments of the B. stearothermophilus D-alanine carboxypeptidase were shown to be formed by cleavage after Phe27 or after Leu25 as indicated by carboxypeptidase A and B analysis and by the release of the four COOH-terminal chymotryptic peptides (Val26-Leu25, Ser24-Phe16, Val15-Trp12, and Thr11-Leu1) upon formation of water-soluble chymotrypsin D-alanine carboxypeptidase. This indicates that the membranous fragment is largely contained within the COOH-terminal 24 residues. Thus, this bacterial membrane protein probably does not contain the significant cytoplasmic domain characteristic of transmembrane proteins such as glycophorin. The absence of an uninterrupted stretch of 20 to 25 uncharged residues suggests that the membrane anchoring of D-alanine carboxypeptidase may differ from that of simple transmembrane proteins. Possible structures for the membranous segment of D alanine carboxypeptidase are discussed. PMID- 6780560 TI - Cadmium-induced accumulation of metallothionein messenger RNA in rat liver. AB - Multiple injections of nontoxic levels of cadmium to a rat result in much higher level of metallothionein (MT) production in the liver than does the single injection. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms we have quantitated and compared the metallothionein-specific messenger RNA contents in the livers following the two induction regimens. Cell-free translation assays coupled with specific immunoprecipitation of MT revealed that MT-mRNA activity in livers of animals multiply injected with Cd is 7- to 10-fold higher than that in livers 4 h after a single Cd-induction. By oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography, sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and methylmercuric hydroxide-agarose gel electrophoresis this mRNA has been enriched approximately 100-fold from the total RNA. The size of the mRNA is about 400 nucleotides. Hybridization assays with a complementary DNA probe synthesized against the enriched MT-mRNA showed a 4-fold difference in the level of MT-mRNA between the two induction regimens in agreement with the results obtained by the cell-free translation assays. The possible mechanisms for these observations in consideration of the short lived nature of MT-mRNA are discussed. PMID- 6780561 TI - Dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Demonstration of enzymatic ketonization of the product enantiomer S-octopamine. PMID- 6780562 TI - Physical and biological properties of an epsilon-heavy chain mRNA and a kappa light chain mRNA coding for rat immunoglobulin E. AB - The mRNA coding for epsilon-heavy chain and kappa-light chain have been highly enriched from a rat IgE-producing myeloma, IR-162. Based on denaturing gel analyses, the 20 S epsilon-heavy chain mRNA has an estimated molecular weight of 850,000, equivalent to about 2500 nucleotides. The 14S rat kappa-light chain mRNA has an estimated molecular weight of 410,000, equivalent to about 1200 nucleotides. Only about two-thirds of the length of these mature cytoplasmic rat mRNA code for protein. The 20 S mRNA stimulates the in vitro synthesis of a single major serologically related protein which is large enough to be epsilon heavy chain. It is unglycosylated and has an apparent molecular weight of about 62,000. The in vivo unglycosylated epsilon-heavy chain, obtained in the presence of tunicamycin, has an apparent molecular weight of about 59,000, compared with about 76,000 for the glycosylated heavy chain of the secreted rat IgE. Therefore, the in vitro synthesized epsilon-heavy chain protein is about Mr = 3000 larger than the in vivo unglycosylated epsilon-heavy chain, equivalent to about 25 extra amino acids. This is consistent with the synthesis of an epsilon-heavy chain putative precursor. Likewise, the 14 S mRNA stimulates the in vitro synthesis of a single putative precursor protein, which is serologically related to kappa chain, is unglycosylated, and is about an extra 20 amino acids. This is the first report on the physical and biological properties of an epsilon-heavy chain mRNA, as well as any rat immunoglobulin mRNA. PMID- 6780563 TI - Conversion of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid to leukotrienes C3 and D3. AB - 5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid was converted by mouse mastocytoma cells stimulated with ionophore A23187 to two slow reacting substances. These were characterized by spectroscopy and by chemical and enzymatic degradations as two geometrical isomers of 5-hydroxy-6-S-glutathionyl-7,9,11-eicosatrienoic acid (E,E,Z; leukotriene C3 and E,E,E; 11-trans-leukotriene C3). Corresponding cysteinylglycine compounds (leukotriene D3 and 11-trans leukotriene D3) were obtained from the leukotriene C3 isomers by treatment with kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. The biological effects of leukotrienes C3 and D3, on the isolated guinea pig ileum, were approximately the same as of leukotrienes derived from arachidonic acid. PMID- 6780564 TI - Interaction of apolipoprotein A-I with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine particles of various sizes. AB - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) particles of different sizes were prepared by a short sonication of the lipid followed by fractionation on a Sepharose CL-4B column. Column fractions were pooled to give DMPC multilamellar liposomes, and vesicles ranging in average diameters from 300 to 220 A. These particles were used to prepare complexes with bovine apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I). Reaction mixtures covering molar ratios from 2000:1 to 100:1 DMPC/apo A-I were equilibrated at 25 degrees C for over 15 h and were fractionated by gel filtration in order to separate vesicular and micellar protein.lipid complexes. The results indicate that under identical reaction conditions, larger particles with a smaller total surface area per mol of lipid give proportionately more micellar complexes. In fact, the multilamellar liposomes give only micellar complexes at all the initial molar ratios. For the smaller DMPC vesicles, the vesicular complexes are saturated when 6 or 7 apo A-I molecules are bound per particle, which corresponds to 2,83 X 10(4) A2 of vesicle surface per apo A-I and an approximate 16% coverage of the surface by apo A-I. PMID- 6780565 TI - An analysis of rates of polypeptide chain elongation in avian liver explants following in vivo estrogen treatment. II. Determination of the specific rates of elongation of serum albumin and vitellogenin nascent chains. PMID- 6780566 TI - Assembly and processing of procollagen type III in chick embryo blood vessels. AB - The processing of [3H]proline-labeled procollagen III in excised chick embryo blood vessels was found to differ significantly from that of procollagen I in the same tissue. While first the amino propeptides and then the carboxyl propeptides were fairly rapidly cleaved from procollagen I, only the carboxyl propeptides were split off procollagen III, leaving pN-collagen III. This intermediate, which is only slowly converted to collagen III by loss of amino propeptides, was characterized by its sedimentation properties, isolation of the amino propeptide, and reaction with purified antibodies that are specific against bovine amino propeptide III. It is interchain disulfide-linked, both through the amino propeptide and the carboxyl ends of the collagen chains. The conversion of procollagen III to pN-collagen III either in blood vessels, or after isolation by a carboxyl procollagen peptidase obtained from chick tendon fibroblast cultures, is inhibited by 50 mM arginine. Underhydroxylated procollagen III was isolated from blood vessels treated with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl. Its amino propeptides reacted with the above antibodies but were not linked to each other. In contrast, its carboxyl propeptides were interchain disulfide-bridged, supporting previous suggestions that the carboxyl propeptides play a role in the assembly of procollagen trimer. PMID- 6780567 TI - A new thiol proteinase from rat liver. PMID- 6780568 TI - The use of radiation to discourage ectopic bone. A nine-year study in surgery about the hip. AB - Patients who had total hip arthroplasty were categorized according to the risk of development of ectopic bone. Radiation therapy was administered after operation to those considered to be at high risk of formation of ectopic bone. The dosage used was 2,000 rads given in ten fractions (875 rets). Forty-eight hips in forty two patients were treated from 1970 to 1977. Massive formation of ectopic bone did not occur in any hip when the radiation was given relatively early after operation. Thus, we believe that radiation aids in the prevention of formation of ectopic bone. Radiation was found to be of doubtful value, however, hence the ectopic bone was visible on radiography. PMID- 6780569 TI - Articular cartilage matrix metabolism. PMID- 6780570 TI - Specializations in filopodial membranes at points of attachment to the substrate. AB - A mouse cell line (LM), which grows predominantly as spindle-shaped cells with numerous filopodia, was employed in this study. These filopodial projections appear to be important as sites of attachment to the substratum in LM cells. Morphologically the filopodia are slender projections from the cell body which usually attach to the substrate at their distal ends (filopodial footpads). Freeze-fracture of monolayer cultures in situ preserves the spatial relationship of filopodial processes to that of the cell body. Examination of these freeze fracture preparations reveals a striking difference in the density of intramembrane particles (IMP) in the filopodial-footpad plasmalemma compared with the plasmalemma of the cell body (number of IMP in footpad > cell body). Additionally, there is a marked difference in the number of filipin-sterol complexes on the cell body, compared with the filopodial footpad, implying a difference in the cholesterol content in these regions (filipin-sterol complexes in footpad < cell body). These data suggest a structural and functional specialization of the filopodial-footpad plasma membrane which may be related to cell adhesion. PMID- 6780571 TI - Experimental modulation of occluding junctions in a cultured transporting epithelium. AB - The experimental opening and resealing of occluding junctions in monolayers of cultured MDCK cells (epithelioid of renal origin) was explored by measuring changes in the electrical resistance across the monolayer and by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. As in natural epithelia, the function of occluding junctions as permeability barriers specifically depends on extracellular Ca++ concentration and fails if this ion is replaced by Mg++ or Ba++. The removal of Ca++ and the addition of EGTA to the bathing medium opened the junctions and reduced the transepithelial resistance. Resealing was achieved within 10-15 min by restoring Ca++. Quantitative freeze-fracture electron microscopy showed that junctional opening, caused by lack of Ca++, was accompanied by simplification of the pattern of the membrane strands of the occluding junction without disassembly or displacement of the junctional components. Resealing of the cellular contacts involved the gradual return to a normal junctional pattern estimated as the average number of strands constituting the junction. The occluding junctions were also opened by the addition of the ionophore A23187, suggesting that the sealing of the contacts requires high Ca++ on the extracellular side and low Ca++ concentration of the cytoplasmic compartment. The opening process could be blocked by low temperature (7.5 degrees C). Resealing did not depend on serum factors and did not require protein synthesis; therefore, it seems to be caused by reassembly of preexisting membrane junctional components. The restoration of the junctions occurred simultaneously with the establishment of ion-selective channels; the Na+/Cl- and the cation/cation selectivity were recovered with the same time-course as the electrical resistance. The role of the cytoskeleton in the process of junctional reassembly is reported in the companion article. PMID- 6780573 TI - Oxidation of glucose by mouse peritoneal macrophages: a comparison of suspensions and monolayers. AB - Macrophages, when maintained in vitro, take up glucose from the medium and oxidize it to CO2. The rate of oxidation of glucose varies considerably, depending on the physical state of the cell preparation. Cells in suspension oxidize glucose at a level six-fold that of cells in monolayers. The differences cannot be attributed to change in the rats of transport of glucose. On the other hand, an increase in intracellular glycogen (about three-fold) and free glucose plus glucose-6-P (many-fold) was found in the cells prepared as monolayers. During subsequent incubation with glucose-14C, this could be the cause of an isotope dilution effect and could explain the lower production of 14CO2 by the adherent cells. Since oxidation of glucose-1-14C to 14CO2 is used by many investigators to indicate the functional state of macrophages, we suggest close attention be paid to the system used, i.e., monolayers vs. suspensions. PMID- 6780572 TI - Widespread distribution of a 210,000 mol wt microtubule-associated protein in cells and tissues of primates. AB - Antisera prepared against a 210,000 mol wt microtubule-associated protein (210k MAP) isolated from the human cell line, HeLa, were used to survey a variety of cells and tissues for the presence of immunologically related proteins. The antisera were employed to test extracts of the cells and tissues, using a sensitive indirect immunofluorescence technique applied to polyacrylamide gels. Cross-reactive material of 210,000 mol wt was found in 10 kinds of cells and tissues derived from humans and four lines of cells from monkeys. Indirect immunofluorescent staining was also carried out on fixed cells and showed that the cross-reactive material was localized to interphase and mitotic microtubules as assayed in nine human and seven monkey cell lines. No protein that cross reacted with 210k MAP antisera was detected in cells and tissues derived from two rodents, an ungulate, a marsupial, or a chicken. Therefore, the 210k MAP isolated from HeLa cells is present in a wide variety of cells and tissues of humans and other primates but is antigenically distinct from MAPs present in lower organisms. PMID- 6780574 TI - Endogenously produced CO2 induces stationary phase in Tetrahymena cultures. AB - Media concentration of total soluble CO2 increases with culture age of Tetrahymena pyriformis. CO2 is a weak acid and is capable of acidifying intracellular pH (pHi). Changes in pHi have been demonstrated to affect cell metabolism and growth in many systems. For these reasons, we investigated whether the concentrations of CO2 produced in vitro were sufficient to affect cell proliferation and pHi in Tetrahymena. In this study, we used DMO to mimic the weak acid properties of CO2. DMO is freely permeable to membranes in its uncharged form and has a pKa similar to that of CO2/HCO3(-). In addition, it has the advantages of being metabolically inert and non-volatile. At concentrations similar to endogenously produced CO2, DMO acidifies pHi and arrests culture growth. In addition, procedures are described which decrease the media CO2 concentrations in both growing and non-growing cultures. These conditions lead to increased maximum culture density at stationary phase. The data indicate that, under our conditions, accumulation of CO2 in the culture leads to cessation of growth, probably through elimination of transmembrane pH gradients, which are necessary for regulation of metabolism and growth. PMID- 6780575 TI - A study of binding-solubilization of some glycolytic enzymes in striated muscle in situ. AB - The solubilization of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was studied in pressed muscle as a function of ionic strength and NADH concentration. The results indicate that these factors affect the binding-solubilization of LDH and GAPDH in a similar way to their effect in dilute homogenized tissue. Alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase was included as a typical soluble enzyme, since we have been unable to demonstrate its binding to subcellular fractions under any conditions. As with homogenized tissue, LDH was less susceptible to solubilization by ionic strength than GAPDH. It was demonstrated that LDH isozymes richer in heart-type subunits were more easily removed from muscle by centrifugation-imbibition than isozymes richer in the muscle-type subunits. This was interpreted as indicating that binding of the enzyme to subcellular structures was a major factor in the restricted removal of these enzymes from muscle, since only the muscle-type subunit is capable of binding to subcellular particles. It was further demonstrated that LDH could be taken up into muscle tissue, depleted in the enzyme, against an apparent concentration gradient. This was also interpreted as binding of the enzyme to the particulate structure of the muscle. Furthermore, this uptake of LDH occurred under conditions of ionic strength (0.25) and pH (7.5) that would prevent binding of the enzyme to the particulate fraction of a dilute suspension of homogenized muscle tissue. Thus, physiological conditions of pH and ionic strength do not necessarily induce solubilization of chicken breast muscle LDH in situ. Data obtained with dilute tissue homogenates, therefore, may not necessarily be easily and safely extrapolated to conditions in situ. PMID- 6780576 TI - Measurement of intracellular pH in sea urchin eggs by 31P NMR. AB - The intracellular pH (pHi) of sea urchin eggs was measured using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The mean value of pHi of unfertilized eggs was about 6.2 (H. pulcherrimus and A. crassispina) to 6.3 (P. depressus). In contrast to results of other studies, pHi of sea urchin eggs was not changed after fertilization. During exposure of the eggs to NH4Cl or procaine-containing natural sea water (NSW), however, pHi rose about 0.4-0.8 pH units; the pHi fell to its initial value upon washing the eggs with weak base-free NSW. These changes of pHi by weak base treatment agreed well with the data obtained by other workers. In order to understand the discrepancy of pHi changes in fertilized eggs between NMR data and other measuring procedures, we measured acid production and O2 uptake, so that CO2 accumulation and proton release did not result in alkalinization. the invariance of the fertilized eggs under anaerobic conditions; otherwise NMR showed a different answer from other measuring procedures, because of its particular characteristics such as non-destructivity and compartmentation of pH. PMID- 6780577 TI - Ultrastructure of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila isolated by microdissection. AB - Drosophila polytene chromosomes prepared by a new micromanipulative procedure, which avoids acid squashing, have been examined at the ultrastructural level in the electron microscope. Puffs at 2B, 68C, 74EF, 75B and 85EF, have been examined in some detail, along with the chromocentre and various interbands. The ultrastructure of these chromosomes, which have never been exposed to acid protein denaturants, compares favourably with that of classical acid-fixed specimens. Ribonucleoprotein particles in puffs are seen to be organized in linear arrays and evidence is adduced for looped transcription units. Particles with characteristic sizes and morphologies are observed near the chromocentre, in puffs and in interbands. In interbands RNP particles and 'superbead'-like chromatin particles may be distinguished. Drosophila polytene chromosomes isolated by micro-manipulation should prove useful for the localization of native chromosomal proteins at an ultrastructural level. PMID- 6780578 TI - Membrane specialization in the rat epididymis. I. Rod-shaped intramembrane particles in the apical (mitochondria-rich) cell. AB - Following freeze-fracture of the rat epididymis, a population of cells whose apical, but not baso-lateral, plasma membrane contains elongated intramembrane particles was found in the initial segment. From their size, shape and distribution, these cells are assumed to be the so-called apical cells of this segment. Apical cells also contain the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase which, together with the presence of rod-shaped particle on their membranes, permits their classification as 'mitochondria-rich' cells, a specialized cell type found in some transporting epithelia. On the basis of these observations, we suggest that the apical cells may play a role in fluid and/or electrolyte transport in the initial segment of the epididymis. PMID- 6780579 TI - Pronuclei of Heliophrya erhardi Matthes during conjugation and their differential association with coated and uncoated microtubules. AB - Microtubules surrounding the pronuclei during conjugation of the suctorian ciliate Heliophrya erhardi can be divided into 2 distinct classes by electron microscopy. Microtubules around the stationary nucleus have a conventional appearance and presumably serve as a skeleton, anchoring that nucleus in its cytoplasmic position. Microtubules surrounding the prospective migratory nucleus are coated with electron-dense material and are in some cases associated with 7 nm filaments. These coated microtubules supposedly function to transport the migratory nucleus into the conjugation partner. PMID- 6780580 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pair partion chromatography of biogenic catecholamines and their alpha-methyl homologues with tributylphosphate as stationary phase. AB - Ion-pair partition chromatography is applied to the separation of the biogenic catecholamines and their alpha-methyl homologues. A useful selectivity has been obtained using an adduct-forming organic stationary phase (tributylphosphate). The retention of the compounds can be regulated easily by means of the concentration of the counter-ion (the perchlorate ion) in the mobile phase. The selectivity for separation of amines from amino acids can be influenced by changing the pH of the aqueous phase. The phase system shows a good long-term stability and reproducibility with respect to the capacity ratios and the efficiency. PMID- 6780581 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of acid-stable and acid-labile phosphoamino acids. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic system has been developed which permits the separation of both acid-stable and acid-labile phosphoamino acids. An anion exchange resin and two buffers of different ionic strength and near neutral pH are used. A low-ionic-strength buffer is used for the separation of N-omega phosphoarginine and N-epsilon-phospholysine, while the higher-ionic-strength buffer permits the clear separation of tau-phosphohistidine, omicron phosphoserine and omicron-phosphothreonine. An in-stream fluorometric detection system using omicron-phthalaldehyde permits the rapid analysis of samples containing as little as 25 pmoles of phosphoamino acid. This method has been applied to the detection of tau-phosphohistidine from alkaline digests of chemically phosphorylated calf thymus histone 4 and bovine myelin basic protein. PMID- 6780582 TI - Efficient lipoxygenase assay by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 6780583 TI - Down-regulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion in postmenopausal females by continuous gonadotropin-releasing hormone administration. AB - Four normal postmenopausal females were infused with synthetic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) iv at a rate of 1 microgram/min for 72 h. Serum LH, FSH, and estradiol were measured every 4 h. LH and FSH levels increased from basal values of 23 +/- 3 and 94 +/- 27 mIU/ml, respectively, to peak values of 50 +/- 5 and 145 +/- 9 mIU/ml at 12 h. Serum LH then fell progressively toward basal levels during the continued iv administration of GnRH. Serum FSH fell below basal levels and remained suppressed between 36-72 h of the study period. Serum estradiol remained at levels less than 25 pg/ml throughout the GnRH infusion. Studies of LH and FSH secretion during the continuous administration of GnRH may be a useful model with which to study paradoxical down-regulation of pituitary gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6780584 TI - Prolactin-releasing activity in methanol extracts of human plasma: problems with the bioassay of this activity. PMID- 6780585 TI - Interrelationship of plasma and urinary gonadotropins: correlations for 24 hours, for sleep/wake periods, and for 3 hours after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone stimulation. PMID- 6780586 TI - Enhanced activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis in premature human infants. AB - The postnatal pituitary-gonadal function of fullterm and premature boys and girls (mean gestational age, 40 and 32 weeks, respectively) was studied by measurements of serum FSH, LH, PRL, and testosterone (T) between 0-25 weeks of postnatal age. During the first 10 postnatal weeks, serum FSH in premature girls reached 10-20 times higher levels than in fullterm girls (mean at 1-5 weeks, 63 and 3.9 mIU/ml, respectively; P < 1.001). During the same time, serum LH levels were 3-4 times higher in premature (12-17 mIU/ml) than in fullterm girls (3.8-4.7 mIU/ml; P < 0.01). In contrast, no difference in serum gonadotropin levels were observed between premature and fullterm boys. Serum T in premature boys (mean, 2.95 ng/ml) reached a significantly higher level (P < 0.01) than in fullterm boys (1.45 ng/ml) from 11-15 weeks of age. The results emphasize the importance of the last weeks of gestation for the functional maturation of the fetal hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis. Interruption of this maturational process by premature birth results in enhanced pituitary gonadotropin production in girls and increased testicular T production in boys. PMID- 6780587 TI - Circulating thyroglobulin-antithyroglobulin immune complex in thyroid diseases using enzyme-linked immunoassays. PMID- 6780588 TI - Testicular leydig cell hyperplasia as a cause of familial sexual precocity. AB - Testicular Leydig cell hyperplasia was observed in two brothers presenting with progressive sexual precocity at 2 yr of age. Virilization was shown to result from increased secretion rather than decreased clearance of gonadal testosterone. Testosterone hypersecretion appeared to be gonadotropin independent, as basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced serum LH concentrations were low by both RIA and bioassay. Adrenal steroidogenesis was demonstrated to be normal by ACTH stimulation, dexamethasone suppression, and split adrenal venous function tests. Testicular histology revealed immature reproductive structures in the 2 yr old, but advanced spermatogenesis in the 3 yr-old brother. The etiology of both Leydig cell hyperplasia and reproductive testicular maturation in the absence of significant gonadotropin secretion remains to be established. PMID- 6780589 TI - Clomiphene attenuates the exaggerated prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide occurring in primary testicular failure. PMID- 6780590 TI - Effects of alpha-bromoergocryptine on pituitary hormone secretion in children. AB - The effect of bromoergocryptine (BE) on human GH (hGH), PRL, LH, FSH, TSH, and blood sugar levels was evaluated in a series of 22 normal children. Blood samples were collected in basal conditions and after 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min of BE administration (1.25 or 0.62 mg/os). The drug induced a marked and sustained increase in hGH secretion when basal serum levels of the hormone were lower than 10.0 ng/ml (n = 15). When basal hGH serum levels were higher (n = 7), BE provoked either a later increase of serum hGH in most children (n = 5) or a persistent decrease in hGH (n = 2). On the other hand, BE markedly inhibited PRL secretion without modifying LH, FSH, or TSH. The data obtained suggest that BE can be used as a useful tool for the assessment of hGH secretion in children. PMID- 6780591 TI - Growth hormone secretory status is a determinant of the thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in euthyroid patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. AB - To assess the influence of endogenous GH secretion on the TSH and T3 responses to TRH administration in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease, we analyzed tests in a selected group of 26 euthyroid patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease and in 15 normal controls. Basal TSH levels and the TSH response to TRH were significantly greater in GH-deficient patients (group 1) than in patients with normal anterior pituitary function and unimpaired GH reserve (group II). However, the T3 response to TRH was significantly less in group 1 than in group II patients. In acromegaly (group III), the TSH response to TRH was blunted, while basal and stimulated T3 levels were no different compared to control levels. These findings suggest that endogenous GH depresses the TSH response to TRH while enhancing the thyroid secretion of T3 in response to the evoked TSH released. PMID- 6780592 TI - Therapeutic use of pituitary desensitization with a long-acting lhrh agonist: a potential new treatment for idiopathic precocious puberty. AB - A two year girl with idiopathic true precocious puberty was treated with a long acting LHRH agonist, D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LHRH (LHRHa). Prior to therapy, the patient demonstrated pulsatile gonadotropin secretion during both night and day, a pubertal response to exogenous LHRH, and an elevated plasma estradiol level. After eight weeks of therapy (4 microgram/kg daily), a mean gonadotropin levels fell to the prepubertal range, there was no evidence of pulsatile discharge of gonadotropins nor any response to exogenous LHRH, and plasma estradiol levels became undetectable. No adverse drug reactions were encountered and all effects of therapy were reversed following cessation of treatment for two months. LHRH analogs may offer a new approach to the therapy of idiopathic precocious puberty and merit further study. PMID- 6780593 TI - Metoclopramide increases prolactin release and milk secretion in puerperium without stimulating the secretion of thyrotropin and thyroid hormones. AB - To explore the effect of metoclopramide (MC) on the secretion of PRL, TSH, and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and on defective lactation, 17 mothers with poor lactation were treated with oral MC (10 mg. three times daily) for 3 weeks starting 18-141 days post partum. After a pause of 1 week, the medication was given for a further 2 weeks. The breast milk yield was monitored objectively before and during the trial. Furthermore, iv stimulation tests with MC (10 mg) and TRH (200 microgram) were done before and at the end of oral MC therapies. Oral MC increased the mean (+/-SEM) plasma PRL level from 36.6 +/- 9.2 to 90.6 +/ 7.5 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) after 1 week, and the PRL level remained elevated for as long as MC was administered. During the pause, the PRL level decreased to 19.5 +/- 7.5 ng/ml, but increased once again during the second MC treatment to 85.5 +/- 16.0 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). Plasma TSH, T3, and T4 did not change. The PRL level rose significantly after TRH and MC injections before and during oral treatments with MC, whereas the TSH concentrations were elevated only after TRH stimulation. The PRL response to iv MC or TRH and the TSH response to iv TRH were not affected by oral MC treatment. The mean daily milk volume increased from 433 +/- 55 to 626 +/- 75 ml (P less than 0.001) during the first treatment and from 390 +/- 73 to 606 +/- 56 ml (P less than 0.01) during the second oral MC treatment. Correspondingly, the volume of daily supplemental alimentation decreased from 348 +/- 61 to 280 +/- 59 ml (P less than 0.05) and from 526 +/- 68 to 363 +/- 66 ml (P less than 0.01), respectively. MC caused no significant side effects. PMID- 6780594 TI - Suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone-dependent folliculogenesis during the primate ovarian cycle. PMID- 6780595 TI - A separate mechanism of gonadotropin recovery after pregnancy termination. AB - To further elucidate the mechanism of return of pituitary secretory function after gestation, eight women were studied for up to 55 days after pregnancy termination. As long as serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) levels were elevated, serum FSH remained low. Four to 6 days after abortion, serum E2 and P decreased to levels seen in the early follicular phase, and thereafter the initial increase in FSH occurred while serum beta-LH remained undetectable. After the initiation of FSH secretion, the levels fluctuated within the normal follicular phase range, resulting in a steady increase of E2 to a mean preovulatory peak of 257 +/- 37 pg/ml at a mean time of 21 +/- 1.3 days after pregnancy termination. This E2 peak was followed by FSH and LH peaks and subsequent ovulation. In contrast to FSH, serum beta-LH levels increased only after PRL-concentrations diminished to 30 ng/ml or less. This initiation of beta LH secretion followed the advent of FSH secretion in six of eight patients. Therefore, a temporally separate mechanism of FSH and LH secretion after pregnancy termination is theorized. The theory of FSH occurs soon after the E2 and P levels decline while PRL levels are still elevated. However, the secretion of beta-LH increases only after levels have risen from the postabortion decline. PMID- 6780596 TI - Long term therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in isolated gonadotropin deficiency: failure of therapeutic response. AB - We have evaluated the therapeutic response to exogenous LRH (1 mg, sc, either twice daily or three times daily) in six subjects with isolated gonadotropin deficiency. Four males were treated for 6 months, of whom two showed a transient rise in serum testosterone. However, testosterone levels subsequently remained at pretreatment levels in each of the four subjects during LRH therapy. One of the two female subjects displayed a transient rise in 17 beta-estradiol levels. All four males showed a notable rise in testosterone after hCG, and the one female tested responded to menotropins, while receiving LRH. We propose that the number of quanta of gonadotropins released per day with our therapeutic regimen was inadequate to generate a normal gonadal response. PMID- 6780597 TI - Hypothalamic atrophy with progressive hypopituitarism in an adolescent girl. AB - The present report describes a 19-yr-old female with progressive hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Pneumoencephalography demonstrated gross atrophy of the hypothalamus and a small pituitary gland. In the face of documented hypothyroidism and hypogonadism, basal pituitary trophic hormones were consistently detectable and responded briskly to releasing factor administration. This combination of an atrophic lesion of the hypothalamus with gradually evolving hypopituitarism but detectable and stimulable anterior pituitary hormones appears to represent a unique form of hypothalamic failure. PMID- 6780598 TI - Endogenous opiates modulate pulsatile luteinizing hormone release in humans. AB - To test the postulate that endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in the neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses, saline and an opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, were infused sequentially, each for 6-h intervals, in six normal cycling women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. During naloxone infusion (1.6 mg/h), there was a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in both the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses compared to those in saline controls. FSH pulses were not discernible in individual subjects; however, a significant increment in FSH levels occurred concomitantly with the increase in LH. These data strongly suggest that endogenous opiates, through an inhibition of hypothalamic LRF, participate in the endocrine events leading to the low frequency of episodic LH secretion characteristic of the luteal phase of the human menstrual cycle. PMID- 6780599 TI - Modified Elek test for detection of heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The Elek test was modified for detection of the heat-labile enterotoxin of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. A total of 164 strains of E. coli were tested by the modified Elek test, and the results correlated well with those of the Chinese hamster ovary cell assay and passive immune hemolysis. It is concluded that the modified Elek test is a simple and reproducible assay method for identification of E. coli which produce heat-labile enterotoxin, and is suitable for use in clinical laboratories. PMID- 6780600 TI - Evaluation of the Sceptor microdilution antibiotic susceptibility testing system: a collaborative investigation. AB - A multiwell, dried antimicrobial agent susceptibility test system, Sceptor (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.), was tested. The system was compared directly with a reference microdilution method by using two collections of stock cultures and 305 fresh clinical isolates. Sceptor was found to be in agreement (+/- log2 dilution) with the reference microdilution method in 96.9 to 98.3% of 9,840 minimal inhibitory concentration determinations performed on stock strains and 95.0% of 7,308 minimal inhibitory concentrations obtained from the clinical isolates. The intralaboratory and interlaboratory reproducibility on stock strains was 97.6 and 97.2%, respectively. The intralaboratory reproducibility for the clinical isolates was 96.9%. Sceptor accurately categorized representative challenge strains of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, beta-lactamase producing bacteria, organisms producing other antimicrobial agent-inactivating enzymes, and permeability mutants as resistant. Only 0.2% very major errors (false-sensitive minimal inhibitory concentrations by Sceptor) were identified among the clinical isolate test results, the majority being clinically insignificant. The product is accurate and reliable, has a long shelf life, and seems applicable for routine use in clinical laboratories. PMID- 6780601 TI - Detection of typhus antibodies by latex agglutination. AB - A latex test for assay of antibodies to endemic and epidemic typhus rickettsiae is simple, group-specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Cross-reactivity within the typhus group was extensive. PMID- 6780602 TI - Facilitating quality control of the antimicrobial susceptibility test. AB - Standard reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were suspended in sterile deionized water and tested daily via disk agar diffusion for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Inocula of E. coli and P. aeruginosa yielded acceptable results for up to 32 days; however, results on S. aureus were unacceptable due to loss of viability of the organism in water. E. coli and P. aeruginosa inocula, in water, can be used daily for quality control of the disk gear diffusion test. PMID- 6780604 TI - Differential identification of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei. AB - Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei are distinguished unambiguously by the combined use of five test characters: nitrate reductase, beta-glucosidase, acid production from fructose, penicillinase, and trehalase. Typically, M. fortuitum was nitrate reductase positive, beta-glucosidase positive; M. chelonei was nitrate reductase negative, beta-glucosidase negative, penicillinase positive, and trehalase positive and did not produce acid from fructose. PMID- 6780603 TI - Characterization of antibody activity in oligoclonal immunoglobulin G synthesized within the central nervous system in a patient with tuberculous meningitis. AB - Thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum obtained from one patient 48 and 65 days after the onset of tuberculous meningitis revealed five oligoclonal immunoglobulin zones in CSF without any counterpart in serum, indicating local immunoglobulin production. Subsequent immunofixation with specific antisera revealed that three of the zones consisted of immunoglobulin G lambda present simultaneously. Immunofixation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as antigens and autoradiography revealed zones of specific antibodies in the CSF which, regarding mobility, corresponded to oligoclonal and polyclonal CSF immunoglobulin G zones. No antibody activity was detectable in the corresponding serum, indicating that the antibodies present in CSF were synthesized within the central nervous system. In seven control patients (three with multiple sclerosis, four with chronic inflammatory central nervous system diseases of unknown cause) with oligoclonal CSF immunoglobulin, no evidence for local production of antibodies against M. tuberculosis or BCG was detectable. Immunofixation with M. tuberculosis or BCG as antigens and autoradiography may prove to be a useful diagnostic complement to conventional techniques in patients with suspected tuberculous meningitis. PMID- 6780605 TI - Methodological variation in antibiotic synergy tests against enterococci. AB - Thirty-two human isolates of enterococci were tested for antibiotic synergy by using penicillin and one of six aminoglycosides. Three methods were used: synergy screen, microdilution checkerboard, and time-kill curves. The synergy screen accurately predicted synergy for gentamicin-penicillin combinations, and this synergy was later confirmed by time-kill curves. The microdilution checkerboard method suffered from inherent variation, and agreement with time-kill curves ranged from 92% (twofold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration) to 4.2% (fourfold reduction in minimum inhibitory concentration). We suggest that enterococci be screened for synergy (i.e., presence or absence of high-level resistance) by using the criterion of growth or no growth in the presence of 2,000 microgram of an aminoglycoside per ml. The microdilution checkerboard test for synergy is not recommended. PMID- 6780606 TI - Isolation of mycobacteria from undecontaminated specimens with selective 7H10 medium. AB - Media containing antimicrobial agents have been formulated for use as an adjunct to the standard media in an effort to reduce contamination and improve isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. Selective 7H10 (S7H10) was developed for use in the isolation of mycobacteria from undecontaminated material. During a 33 month period, 10,782 clinical specimens were cultured in parallel on S7H10 without decontamination and on 7H11 after treatment with 2% sodium hydroxide-N acetyl-L-cysteine. Results of this study show the overall contamination rate to be threefold lower on S7H10 than on 7H11 (304 versus 1,000). The number of specimens negative on NaOH-treated, 7H11-cultured specimens and contaminated on S7H10 was 282, whereas that negative on S7H10 but contaminated on NaOH-7H11 was 923. There were 6 positive cultures missed due to contamination on S7H10, compared with 61 on 7H11. Positive cultures on S7H10 outnumbered those on 7H11 by 106. This evaluation of S7H10 shows that it can be used with undecontaminated specimens in conjunction with standard methods and media for isolation of mycobacteria from clinical specimens. PMID- 6780607 TI - Lactoferrin enhances hydroxyl radical production by human neutrophils, neutrophil particulate fractions, and an enzymatic generating system. AB - During phagocytosis, neutrophils take oxygen from the surrounding medium and convert it to superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydroxyl radical (.OH), a particularly potent oxidant, is believed to be produced by interaction between O2- and H2O2 in the presence of iron, according to the Haber Weiss reactions. Production of .OH by whole human neutrophils, by particulate fractions from human neutrophils disrupted after stimulation, and by a xanthine oxidase system was measured by conversion of alpha-keto-gamma-methiol butyric acid to ethylene. FeCl3 or ferric EDTA enhanced ethylene production in all three systems by 155--406% of base line at a concentration of 50--100 microM. Iron saturated human milk lactoferrin, 100 nM, increased ethylene generation by 127- 296%; and purified human neutrophil lactoferrin, 10 nM, enhanced ethylene production by 167--369%. Thus, iron bound to lactoferrin was approximately 5,000 times more effective in producing an enhancement in ethylene generation than iron derived from FeCl3 or ferric EDTA. O2- and H2O2 were required for ethylene production in the presence of lactoferrin, since superoxide dismutase inhibited ethylene formation in the three systems by 76--97% and catalase inhibited by 76- 98%. Ethylene production in the presence of lactoferrin was inhibited by the .OH scavengers mannitol, benzoate, and thiourea by 43--85, 45--94, and 76--96%, respectively. Thus, most of the ethylene production could be attributed to oxidation of alpha-keto-gamma-methiol butyric acid by .OH. The ability of neutrophil lactoferrin to provide iron efficiently to the oxygen radical generating systems is compatible with a role for lactoferrin as regulator of .OH production. As such, lactoferrin may be an important component in the microbicidal activity of neutrophils. PMID- 6780608 TI - Duration and characteristics of treatment of premature lambs with natural surfactant. AB - Premature lambs were treated with 50 mg/kg of natural surfactant lipid by tracheal instillation either at birth or shortly thereafter when respiratory failure was documented. All lambs were delivered by cesarean section and supported on infant ventilators with 100% oxygen under conditions to mimic the care of human infants with the respiratory distress syndrome. The natural surfactant used for therapy was recovered by lavage from sheep lung. Six 120-d gestational age lambs treated at birth had an initial mean oxygen pressure (pO2) value of 270 +/- 35 mm Hg; this fell within 3 h to less than 100 mm Hg. By 8.3 +/ 0.3 h after birth the lambs were in severe respiratory failure with a mean pH less than 7.1 and a mean pCO2 greater than 70 mm Hg. Six untreated lambs had pH values below 7.0 within 40 min of life despite more intensive respiratory support than was given the treated animals. Treatment with natural surfactant of 17 lambs of 120 and 130 d gestational age after early respiratory failure resulted in a prompt increase in pO2 values from about 35 mm Hg to values over 200 mm Hg and a fall in pCO2 values to normal levels in the majority of animals. This response lasted only approximately 3 h, and a second treatment was less predictably effective. PMID- 6780610 TI - Liver function in Edinburgh haemophiliacs: a five-year follow-up. AB - Liver function was assessed in 38 Edinburgh haemophiliacs. Results before the introduction of NHS intermediate factor VIII concentrate from 1974 onwards were compared with values in 1979. Measurements of serum bile salts in 16 patients as well as conventional liver function tests gave useful evidence of deranged liver function. Deterioration over the five-year follow-up period was seen only in patients on home treatment using large amounts of factor VIII concentrate, and there was no association between cryoprecipitate usage and derangement of liver function. PMID- 6780609 TI - Separate mechanisms of deformability loss in ATP-depleted and Ca-loaded erythrocytes. AB - Membrane rigidity has been widely accepted as the dominant cause of reduced deformability both of ATP-depleted erythrocytes and erythrocytes containing excess calcium (Ca). However, recent studies have shown normal membrane deformability in ATP-depleted erythrocytes. In addition, Ca accumulation causes massive ion and water loss, and it has been shown that extensive dehydration causes an increase in intracellular viscosity with attendant loss of whole cell deformability. To obtain a detailed understanding of the processes accompanying ATP depletion and/or Ca accumulation that limit cell deformability, we have used a viscodiffractometric method to identify the cellular factors contributing to reduced whole cell deformability. Analysis of the influence of the suspending medium osmolality on deformability showed the presence of two independent processes. One was a Ca-independent reduction in cell surface area/volume ratio, resulting from the spheroechinocyte formation that follows total ATP consumption. The other was a Ca-dependent increase in intracellular viscosity resulting from a Ca-induced loss of intracellular potassium and water. This deformability loss due to increased intracellular viscosity was found for cells depleted of ATP in the presence of Ca and in cells treated with Ca and A23187 without prior depletion. Ionophore-treated cells at high Ca concentration (>500 muM) formed spheroechinocytes with reduced surface area and a further loss of whole cell deformability. The rate of deformability loss associated with Ca-induced spheroechinocytosis was much more rapid than that associated with ATP-depletion induced spheroechinocytosis, suggesting different mechanisms for the morphologic changes. No major effects of altered membrane elasticity on the reduced deformability of either ATP-depleted or Ca-loaded cells were observed. PMID- 6780611 TI - Influence of a ferric chloride mordant solution on resin-dentin retention. AB - The effects of ferric chloride mordant solution, two cleansing solutions, and three chemical adhesion promoters were examined on resin-dentin adhesion. Adhesion was increased with the use of ferric chloride solution. An NPG-GMA or butyl acrylate-acrylic acid copolymer type of adhesion promoter also increased resistance to shear separation. PMID- 6780612 TI - Tumor conference #32. Basal-cell carcinoma in a hemophiliac. PMID- 6780613 TI - Lysinoalanine formation in yeast proteins isolated by alkaline methods. PMID- 6780614 TI - Antimicrobial effects of N alpha-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride and its use to extend the shelf life of creamed cottage cheese. PMID- 6780615 TI - Reversible modification of lysine in soybean proteins, using citraconic anhydride: characterization of physical and chemical changes in soy protein isolate, the 7S globulin, and lipoxygenase. PMID- 6780616 TI - Chemical modification of carboxyl groups in porcine pepsin. PMID- 6780617 TI - Occupational health ethics: OSHA and the courts. AB - Recent court decisions have stressed the necessity for cost-benefit analysis in evaluating Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA) standards, thus raising difficult ethical questions which this paper analyzes using classical approaches of deontology and teleology. Since both modes of analysis have deficiencies, the need for a synthesis using economic and noneconomic measures is suggested. PMID- 6780618 TI - Duration of the immune response in subjects inoculated with antimeningococcal A and C vaccines kept in storage at -20 degrees C and at 4 degrees C: influence of pre-vaccination titres on the vaccinal response. AB - The antibody titres in 250 subjects, aged 5 to 22 years, who were vaccinated with a mannitol-lyophilized antimeningococcal A + C vaccine, stable only when stored at -20 degrees C, were followed for two years. As measured by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) techniques, titres for both A and C Neisseria meningitidis antibodies remained high. Two years after vaccination titres of antibodies against type A showed fourfold increase over the initial titres in from 46% to 100% of groups of subjects and against type C in from 42% to 80%. For 130 subjects vaccinated with a new lactose-lyophilized antimeningcoccal A + C vaccine (presumed stable at 4 degrees C) antibody titres were measured up to 16 months after inoculation with this vaccine stored at -20 degrees C and also after storage for several periods at 4 degrees C. Antibody titres in all these subjects had fallen to their initial titres by 16 months. The importance of evaluating the results on subjects showing low initial titres (less than or equal to 1/8 as measured by IHA) is discussed, as inclusion of high initial titres influences the extent of the response. PMID- 6780619 TI - The occurrence and significance to animal health of Leptospira, Mycobacterium, Escherichia coli, Brucella abortus and Bacillus anthracis in sewage and sewage sludges. AB - Samples of sewage, sewage sludge and sewage effluent from one or more of four sewage treatment plants were examined for the presence of Leptospira, Mycobacterium, Escherichia coli, Brucella abortus and Bacillus anthracis. Brucella abortus and Bacillus anthracis were not isolated. Eleven strains of E. coli potentially enteropathogenic for calves or piglets, eight pathogenic strains of Mycobacterium and one patho;genic Leptospira strain were isolated from 101, 189 and 189 samples respectively. Sewage sludge is no;t considered to play a major part in the epidemiology of disease caused by these organisms. PMID- 6780620 TI - Haemophilus influenzae biochemotyping. AB - Biochemotyping was performed in 129 strains of Haemophilus influenzae. 95% of strains could be assigned to one of the five biochemotypes proposed by Kilian. Most of the serotype B strains isolated in meningitis belonged to biochemotype I. The biochemical differentiation of Haemophilus influenzae is regarded as a reliable technique deserving further application. PMID- 6780621 TI - Genetic control of cell-mediated lympholysis to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified murine syngeneic cells. I. Expression of Ir gene function at the Cytotoxic precursor and helper cell levels in the response to TNP-H-2 b self. PMID- 6780622 TI - Molecular basis for the temperature-dependent insolubility of cryoglobulins. X. The amino acid sequence of the heavy chain variable region of McE. AB - The amino acid sequence of the VH region of McE, a monoclonal IgM cryoimmunoglobulin, has been determined employing automated sequencing methodology. Digestion of the intact Fab mu component, derived by trypsin cleavage of the parent protein at elevated temperature with CNBr, followed by complete reduction and alkylation, yielded the intact light chain as well as the 2 CNBr fragments that constituted the VH. N-terminal sequencing of the larger unblocked CNBr fragment, along with a component fragment derived by cleavage by BNPS-Skatole, established the structure of the VH from position 88 through the V leads to C switch region. Citraconylation of the smaller, blocked fragment effected sufficient solubilization for enzymatic deblocking and direct sequencing of the N-terminal 20 residues of the VH. Complete trypsin digestion of the N terminal CNBr fragment yielded 9 peptides that could be isolated by preparative cation exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The complete sequence of these peptides along with 4 chymotryptic peptides completed the primary structure of the VH region. The primary structure of McE appears to resemble that of He, previously identified as belonging to the VH II subgroup. The presence of characteristic CDR and FR regions as well as the identification of a probable site of glycosylation suggest that the cryoimmunoglobulin closely resembles noncryoglobulins in terms of overall structural composition. The cryoglobulin property may arise through alterations in individual residues or unfavorable arrangements of CDR and FR segments. PMID- 6780623 TI - Purification to apparent homogeneity of murine interleukin 1. AB - Interleukin 1 was purified to apparent homogeneity from the culture fluid of P388D1 cell line macrophages by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, phenyl Sepharose and Ultrogel AcA54 chromatographies, and preparative isoelectrofocusing. The interleukin 1 was purified more than 300-fold to a specific activity of approximately 1 X 10(6) U/mg protein. The purified interleukin 1 exhibited microheterogeneity. Three charge species, which we have termed alpha, beta, gamma, were resolved by Tris-glycinate discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The partial amino acid content of the alpha species of interleukin 1 was determined. On the basis of the purification data, it appears that interleukin 1 is biologically active within the 10(-11) to 10( 10) M concentration range. The success of the purification was due in part to the use of a superinduction protocol that resulted in the production of interleukin 1 at a rate of approximately 1 microgram/24 hr/4 X 10(6) P388D1 cells. PMID- 6780624 TI - Mycoplasma-mediated activation of normal mouse lymphocytes: induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes and lymphocyte transformation by Mycoplasma arthritidis are under Ir gene control. AB - The ability of M. arthritidis, a potent arthritogenic agent, to induce normal unsensitized lymphocytes to undergo blast transformation and to become nonspecifically cytotoxic for syngeneic and allogeneic target fibroblasts was found to be dependent upon the donor strain of mouse. Lymphocytes from CBA (H2k) and BALB/c (H2d) mice were identified as high responders and lymphocytes from C56BL/10 mice (H2b) as low or nonresponders. In the cytotoxicity assay the extent of cell lysis was dependent upon the origin of both the effector cell and the target cell. By comparing the ability of M. arthritidis to activate lymphocytes from various congenic and H-2 recombinant mouse strains we demonstrated that control of the degree of responsiveness was determined by the H2 gene complex. Further studies revealed that the region controlling induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes is located to the right of the I-J subregion and to the left of the D region, most probably the I-E and/or I-C subregions of the major histocompatibility complex. These observations may be of importance in regard to the susceptibility of different mouse strains to the pathogenic effects of M. arthritidis. PMID- 6780625 TI - Estimation of classical pathway of mouse complement activity by use of sensitized rabbit erythrocytes. AB - A simple photometric assay was devised for determining classical complement pathway activity in mouse serum using sensitized rabbit erythrocytes as target cells. These cells appeared more sensitive to lysis by mouse complement than sensitized mouse and sheep erythrocytes, most probably by their ability to escape the C3b inactivator system. Advantages of the assay over other techniques are the high sensitivity and the avoidance of the use of radioisotopes. With this test it is possible to get more insight in the complement system of an animal species that has been most widely in use in immunological research. PMID- 6780626 TI - Quantitation of human total IgG, kappa IgG and lambda IgG in serum using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human IgG have been applied, in parallel with polyclonal antisera, to the routine quantitation of human IgG. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against spatially distinct epitopes have been used in combination to form insoluble complexes exhibiting turbidity. Quantitation was performed using a centrifugal fast analyser and a correlation coefficient of 0.979 was obtained for the two estimations. The technique has been further developed to allow the separate quantitation of kappa IgG and lambda IgG in whole serum. PMID- 6780627 TI - Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for screening of hybridoma antibodies against cell surface antigens. AB - A micro-ELISA for screening of antibodies from hybridoma cultures against surface antigens of human melanoma is described. The technique employs alkaline phosphatase-conjugated protein A and target cells attached to poly-L-lysine coated microtiter plates. The micro-ELISA is equally sensitive as the radioimmunoassay. Mild glutaraldehyde treatment of cells did not lead to an appreciable loss of antigen activity. The fixed cells can be stored at 4 degrees C for at least 6 weeks. It is concluded that the ELISA is superior to the radioimmunoassay in the following aspects: (1) exclusion of radioactive hazards, (2) speed of performance, and (3) lower costs. PMID- 6780628 TI - Pathophysiology of swine dysentery: colonic transport and permeability studies. AB - Net transport of electrolytes and water, unidirectional Na+ and Cl- fluxes, and mucosal permeability were examined in isolated colonic loops of control pigs and pigs infected with Treponema hyodysenteriae. Results indicated that all net ion and water absorption from the colon was abolished in infected pigs. This abolition of net absorption was almost exclusively the result of a decrease in the lumen-to-blood fluxes of Na+ and Cl-; the blood to lumen fluxes and mucosal permeability were essentially unaffected. The results indicated that the diarrhea observed in these pigs was a consequence of colonic absorptive failure alone. Neither an active nor a passive secretory process could explain the fluid losses under the conditions of these experiments. PMID- 6780629 TI - Immunogenic correlation between cross-reacting material (CRM197) produced by a mutant of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and diphtheria toxoid. AB - The in vivo immunizing potency of diphtheria toxoid and formalin-treated corss reacting material (CRM197, a nontoxic mutant protein) was compared in guinea pigs. Major antigenic differences between the two untreated proteins were also tested in rats. The results showed that diphtheria toxoid and CRM197 were equally effective immunogens, but only if the latter was treated with formalin in the same concentration (0.7% vol/vol) was that of the toxoid. Formalin treatment rendered the antigens more resistant to enzymatic proteolysis by trypsin in vitro. PMID- 6780630 TI - Inactivation of an agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis by formalin. AB - Samples of serum (0.1 ml each) containing an agent of human non-A, non-B hepatitis of documented infectivity were incubated with formalin in a concentration of 1:1,000 at 37 C for 96 hr. Three colony-born infant chimpanzees were then inoculated with this formalin-treated serum; one received a single intravenous inoculation, and two received two subcutaneous inoculations one month apart. A fourth uninoculated chimpanzee served as a control. None developed recognizable non-A, non-B hepatitis during seven months of observation, as judged by normal aminotransferase levels in weekly serum samples, normal liver histology in liver biopsy specimens, and the absence of non-A, non-B hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in their sera. All four chimpanzees were subsequently shown to be susceptible to non-A, non-B hepatitis when challenged with 0.1 ml of the untreated infectious serum 31 weeks after the initial inoculations. PMID- 6780631 TI - Inhibitory effects of vancomycin on Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Thayer-Martin medium. PMID- 6780632 TI - Antibodies to mycobacteria in human tuberculosis. I. Development of antibodies before and after antimicrobial therapy. AB - Circulating antibodies were detected before treatment in the serum of 18 of 40 patients with newly acquired tuberculosis and of eight of 12 patients with reactivated tuberculosis by microimmunodiffusion tests with unheated mycobacterial culture filtrate, arabinogalactan, arabinomannan, and a specific culture filtrate fraction. Some patients responded to a single antigen, while others responded to two and at times four or more. Some of these antibodies reacted with polysaccharides, but many reacted with protein. Antibiotic treatment increased the percentage of responders from 46% to 60% in new cases and from 66% to 75% in relapse cases and increased the concentration of antibodies. In evaluation of serologic tests in tuberculosis, the effect of prior chemotherapy must be weighed. These microimmunodiffusion tests appear to be specific for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 6780633 TI - Antibodies to mycobacteria in human tuberculosis. II. Response to nine defined mycobacterial antigens with evidence for an antibody common to tuberculosis and lepromatous leprosy. AB - Antibodies to mycobacterial antigens were found in the sera of 33 of 52 patients with active tuberculosis by microimmunodiffusion tests. The highest titered sera were examined by a technique in which sera are placed in an intermediate gel between a reference goat antiserum field and a gel containing the antigens separated by one-dimensional electrophoresis. Special patterns caused by the presence of patient's serum during the two-dimensional electrophoresis showed that nine distinct antibodies could be designated by anodal migration of the corresponding nine antigens and the band position with respect to the reference pattern. Six of these antibodies were detected only by sera from selected patients, while the other three antibodies, "Lep," "Da," and "USJ 6," were also detected by the goat antiserum. Lep is present in patients with lepromatous leprosy but had never been described in those with tuberculosis. Monospecific human antisera were used to detect Lep and Da, and new antibody, during fractionation of mycobacterial culture filtrate. PMID- 6780634 TI - Serum antibodies to capsular polysaccharide vaccine of group A Neissera meningitidis followed for three years in infants and children. AB - The persistence of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of group A Neissera meningitidis was studied in 2,030 persons vaccinated at the age of 10 weeks to 19 years and followed for three years. Both the initial antibody response and the persistence of elevated serum titers of antibody were markedly age-dependent. In infants younger than 12 months, a statistically significant antibody response was obtained after a booster dose of vaccine and was maintained for one year. In infants aged 12-17 months, the response after booster vaccination was higher and was maintained for two years. Children older than 17 months did not receive a booster injection. The initial response in the age group 18-23 months was good, but the decline of antibody level was more rapid, so that an elevated antibody titer was not maintained for more than one year. With increasing age, the decrease of the vaccination-induced antibody levels was progressively slower throughout the age bracket studied. PMID- 6780635 TI - Antimicrobial activity of street heroin. AB - Street heroin and injection paraphernalia have been implicated as sources of bacteria causing infections in drug abusers [1]. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus cereus are common etiologic agents. In a previous study of the microbiology of street heroin and injection paraphernalia, Bacillus species was the predominant isolate [2]. We did not find S. aureus, but one study reported isolates of identical phage type from heroin powder and from an infected patient [3]. To reconcile the results of our recent investigation among drug abusers with panophthalmitis, we theorized that the drug mixture might have an antibacterial effect. Of the samples of street heroin tested, all except one were bactericidal against S. aureus. The single sample with no heroin content was not bactericidal against one isolate of S. aureus and was the only sample that exhibited some degree of inhibitory and bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa. All samples were bactericidal against the two isolates of B. cereus tested. Quinine exhibited bactericidal activity against S. aureus and B. cereus but was ineffective against P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate that most samples of street heroin have antibacterial effects against S. aureus and B. cereus but no activity against P. aeruginosa. Such activity may be due to the quinine content of the mixture. The apparent lack of recovery of S. aureus from street heroin may be partially explained by this phenomenon. PMID- 6780636 TI - Parenteral nutrition: definition & indications. PMID- 6780637 TI - [Congenital oesophago-bronchial fistula with diverticulum in the adult (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780638 TI - [An experimental study of bacterial plaque formation on surgically denuded root surface in monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780639 TI - [Experimental periodontitis induced by silk ligature and topical application of sonicates from oral microorganisms in monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780640 TI - Survival of iodine-125-labeled factor VIII in patients with von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6780641 TI - The effect of extracellular proteases from gran-negative bacteria on the interaction of von Willebrand factor with human platelets. AB - FWPs are usually stable for several months. However, in less than a week, one lot of FWPs lost its ability to aggregate with bovine PAF or human vWF plus ristocetin. Initial experiments suggested that the loss of aggregability was caused by contamination of the FWPs with an extracellular protease of Serratia marcescens. Highly purified protease preparations from the culture filtrates of S. marcescens (SP), as well as from two strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, destroyed the aggregability of FWPs as a function of time and concentration. On the basis of azocasein units, the SP was found to be at least eight times more potent against FWPs as a substrate than either of the P. aeruginosa proteases. The effect of SP on FWP aggregability was inhibited by prior EDTA treatment and was restored by addition of Zn2+ in slight molar excess. Purified PAF, but not dilutions of bovine plasma, lost all PAF activity when incubated with SP. SP treated FWPs would still aggregate with 10 microgram/ml polylysine. SP digestion of FWPs was more selective than digestion with trypsin or chymotrypsin, on the basis of both the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern and the amount of protein in the platelet digest supernatant. SP does not aggregate fresh washed platelets or initiate the release reaction but renders them unaggregable with vWF. SP and related proteases may be useful in the study of platelet membranes. PMID- 6780642 TI - Effect of furosemide on collecting-duct hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute furosemide administration on urine acidification. U-B Pco2 was used to assess collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion in rabbits infused with bicarbonate. Prior to furosemide administration, the U-B Pco2 was virtually zero, indicating very low or absent hydrogen ion secretion in the collecting duct. Intravenous furosemide infusion resulted in a significant increase in the U-B Pco2. This increase could not be attributed to changes in blood Pco2, plasma potassium concentration, or urine phosphate concentration and buffer capacity. Furthermore, the rise in U-B Pco2 was independent of any change in urine bicarbonate concentration. We conclude that furosemide leads to an augmentation of collecting-duct hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit, perhaps by increasing sodium reabsorption in the collecting duct. PMID- 6780643 TI - Factor VIII-related activities in therapeutic concentrates. AB - Recent studies have suggested that factor VIII exists in plasma as a complex containing two distinct antigens (VIII R:Ag and VIII C:Ag) and two different biological activities (VIII:C and VIII R:RCo). Concentrations of these four entities have been measured in all the different types of therapeutic material used for treatment of hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease. In all materials, the ratio of VIII R:Ag to VIII:C was greater than 1: however, there were significant differences between concentrates, and the lowest ratio was found in cryoprecipitate. In VIII R:Ag assays, the freeze-dried concentrates gave nonparallel dose-response curves compared with plasma, indicating alterations in molecular form during purification. Values for VIII C:Ag were much lower than the corresponding VIII R:Ag values, and ratios of VIII C:Ag to VIII:C were close to 1 in many of the concentrates, suggesting that the low yields of VIII:C in some production processes could result from losses of VIII:C molecules rather than from denaturation. Measurement of VIII R:RCo by a platelet counting method gave lower values in most concentrates than by an aggregometry technique. It is proposed that the platelet counting method may reflect closely the biological activity of the concentrates in treatment of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6780644 TI - An acquired oesophageal pouch in childhood: a problem of diagnosis. AB - A case report of a child with an acquired oesophageal pouch is presented. A chronically impacted radio-lucent coin in the oesophagus resulted in a dilatation of the oesophagus above the obstruction. This dilatation mimicked a pharyngeal pouch and the problems of diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6780645 TI - Fungal infections of the base of the skull: two case reports. PMID- 6780646 TI - Interaction of unilamellar liposomes with serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. AB - The effect of rat whole blood plasma, serum, serum lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins on the stability of unilamellar liposomes prepared with French pressure cell was evaluated by measuring the release of entrapped carboxyfluorescein and by electron microscopy. In the absence of serum components, dye escaped very slowly (hours) from egg phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol (43 mol % cholesterol) vesicles without apparent change in liposomal structure. This slow release was both temperature- and size dependent. serum and some of its constituents induced a far more rapid (seconds) loss of entrapped dye from phosphatidylcholine liposomes, associated with structural changes. For equal masses of protein the order of potency of this induced activity was: free apolipoproteins (apo A-I, apo E) > isolated lipoproteins (HDL and VLDL) > whole serum or whole plasma. Substantial activity was found in three preparations of bovine serum albumin. This activity could be attributed to small and variable amounts of contaminating lipoprotein-like particles and apolipoprotein A-I. Induced release of dye from liposomes by apolipoproteins was usually associated with rapid formation of discs although other structures were sometimes formed. Purified rat apolipoproteins A-I and E appeared to interact identically with liposomes to induce dye release. This effect was progressively impaired for both apoproteins by increasing amounts of cholesterol and was completely inhibited when liposomes contained 37 mol % cholesterol. PMID- 6780647 TI - [Characteristic rheograms of pathological bloods. Application to dynamic pharmacology (author's transl)]. AB - The viscosity of normal and pathological blood samples is determined using a Couette viscometer (5.10-2s-1 less than or equal to shear rate less than to equal to 125 s-1). In different pathological cases, the rheograms show an abnormal behaviour. The viscosity curves exhibits a break between 0.1 and 1 s-1. This work shows the results obtained in the case of a patient suffering from Raynaud's disease. During therapy with lysine acetylsalycilate one observed the gradual shift of the breack to low shaer values, then, the return to a normal rheogram. In the same time, acroyanosis has completely disappeared, recovering normal nail growth. PMID- 6780648 TI - Further studies on the effectiveness with which exogenous luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone stimulate the release of endogenous follicle stimulating hormone during the rat oestrous cycle. AB - The effects of exogenous rat LH or FSH on the release of endogenous FSH in the cyclic rat have been investigated. Rats were administered phenobarbitone to block the spontaneous increases in gonadotrophins in plasma during pro-oestrus and oestrus and then cannulated through the jugular vein or cannulated and hypophysectomized during the late morning or early afternoon of pro-oestrus. Comparison of patterns of plasma FSH in hypophysectomized and intact rats after i.v. injection of 0.5 micrograms FSH at 17.00 h suggested that exogenous FSH stimulated the release of endogenous FSH in less than 5 h. Intravenous LH (2 micrograms at 16.00 and at 18.00 h) raised the level of FSH in plasma between 2 and 6 h after the first injection of LH. Both gonadotrophins stimulated FSH release by the pituitary gland during the morning of oestrus. Comparison of patterns of plasma FSH in hypophysectomized and intact rats after i.v. injection of 0.25 or 0.05 micrograms FSH at 14.00 h suggested that the latency between FSH injection and stimulation of some FSH release by the pituitary gland is as short as 2 h. Intravenous LH (3, 4 or 9 micrograms) at 14.00 h did not increase the level of FSH in plasma within 2 h and was only minimally effective in raising the level within 4 h. Intravenous LH (2 micrograms at 16.00 and at 18.00 h) on the afternoon of dioestrus day 2 was nearly as effective in increasing the levels of FSH in plasma as it was when administered to pro-oestrous rats. This procedure did not raise the plasma levels of FSH in rats used on dioestrus day 1. The results suggest that in the phenobarbitone-blocked, pro-oestrous rat (1) a small increase (less than that observed spontaneously) in plasma rat FSH during pro oestrus is effective in stimulating FSH release by the pituitary gland, (2) an increase in plasma rat FSH can exert positive feedback on its own secretion within 2 h and (3) a large increase in plasma rat LH is not very effective in increasing the plasma level of FSH over a period of 4 h. The results also suggest that the spontaneous increase in plasma levels of FSH and, to a lesser extent, of LH is involved in causing the selective phase of FSH release which occurs during late pro-oestrus and the morning of oestrus, and that LH and FSH act differently, but not necessarily by way of a different mechanism, to stimulate release of FSH by the pituitary gland. PMID- 6780649 TI - Effect of suppression of the surge of follicle-stimulating hormone with porcine follicular fluid on follicular development in the rat. AB - To examine the manner in which the FSH surge of one oestrous cycle recruits follicles for ovulation in the subsequent cycle, porcine follicular fluid (PFF) was used to alter the pattern of endogenous FSH secretion during the periovulatory period. OVaries of animals killed at oestrus or metoestrus were examined histologically for the presence of large follicles (greater than 400 micrometers in diameter) after treatment. Large follicles were absent in ovaries of PFF-treated animals at oestrus, while control rats had an average of 2.7 large follicles per ovary. By metoestrus, however, ovaries of rats treated with PFF contained several large, healthy follicles. Only when PFF treatment was continued throughout the evening of oestrus was the appearance of large follicles prevented at metoestrus. Our results suggest that the prolonged oestrus portion of the FSH surge, rather than the pro-oestrous portion, is responsible for follicular recruitment during the normal oestrous cycle in the rat. They also indicate that compensatory follicular development occurs in response to the FSH rebound which has been shown to follow FSH suppression. PMID- 6780650 TI - Changes in secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone induced by hypovolaemia in rats. AB - Changes in levels of LH and FSH in the circulation were examined during repeated blood sampling in untreated rats and gonadectomized male and female rats treated with oestrogen, progesterone and thyroxine. Blood depletion induced a significant increase in levels of LH in steroid-treated rats but the increase was abolished when the depleted blood volume was replaced with egg albumen. The rise in LH was less dramatic in male than in female animals. In untreated rats, levels of LH either decreased or did not change with repeated phlebotomy. In contrast, the levels of FSH either did not alter or were lowered in all situations. PMID- 6780651 TI - The telephone survey in family practice. AB - Patient surveys can be useful methods of obtaining information for the purposes of improving health services, practice management, or research in family medicine. The telephone interview is an effective and economical method of undertaking such a survey. The advantages and disadvantages of the telephone survey method are briefly illustrated by a study conducted in the Family Practice Center at the University of North Carolina concerning patient perspectives on their after-hours medical encounters with physicians. PMID- 6780652 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on 22Na uptake by the pond snail Helisoma carabaceum. AB - The effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, added to the external environment, on in vivo Na+ uptake by Helisoma carabaceum was assessed. It was found that 10( 5) M TRH significantly decreased unidirectional sodium flux. The Na+ concentration in the tissues and hemolymph was not affected by the hormone. Histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine, a TRH-metabolite, had no effect on Na+ uptake in vivo. PMID- 6780653 TI - Effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on pituitary and testicular function in two types of hereditary dwarf mice. PMID- 6780654 TI - Effects of calcium on the lytic cycle of Bacillus subtilis phage 41c. AB - The lytic cycle of Bacillus subtilis phage 41c required the presence of at least 10 mM-calcium. In the absence of this ion, the plaquing efficiency of the virus was reduced to less than 0.1. Likewise, replacement of Ca2+ with other divalent ions (Ba2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Mn2+) resulted in reduced efficiencies. Adsorption of 41c was Ca2+-dependent, requiring concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10mM. Although more than 90% of the phage adsorbed at 0.1 mM-Ca2+, successful infection could only be achieved at higher Ca2+ levels. Sub-optimal concentrations of the ion resulted in the loss of 90% of infected centres within 1 min after the initiation of infection, indicating an early post-adsorption ion requirement. Penetration of experiments with 32P-labelled phage DNA indicated than an irreversible inhibition of injection was occurring in the majority of the phage-bacterium complexes. A third level of cation involvement became apparent when phage-bacterium complexes in which penetration had occurred exhibited a greatly reduced burst size. The post-penetration ionic requirement occurred early in the infection process since dilution of infected complexes into Ca2+-free medium at 2.5 min p.i. resulted in reduced phage yields. The requirement was dispensable after 6 min p.i., since infected complexes diluted into Ca2+-free medium at this time exhibited a normal one-step growth curve. Analysis of messenger RNA production by molecular DNA-RNA hybridization techniques indicated that transcriptional events were similar in the presence and absence of Ca2+. At present, the identification of the third ion dependent stage is unresolved. PMID- 6780655 TI - Host-range and partial characterization of several new bacteriophages for Bacillus megaterium QM b1551. AB - Several phages infecting Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 have been isolated from the soil and partially characterized. These phages, designated MP9 to MP50, were tested for host-range on several strains of B. megaterium and 13 other Bacillus species. All the phages only infected B. megaterium and on the basis of host range patterns, 23 groups could be distinguished. The phage patterns also distinguished subgroups of B. megaterium strains within the species and should be useful in phage typing. The phages have varying sensitivities to heat, salts and organic solvents and are all double-stranded DNA phages. Thirty-two have been examined by electron microscopy and are Bradley types A, B and C. This is the first large collection of B. megaterium phages that has been characterized. PMID- 6780656 TI - Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: evidence for neural spread of infection to the CNS. AB - The replication of infectious agent has been studied in brain, thoracic cord, and lumbar cord of Compton white mice (Sinc87) infected with the 139A strain of scrapie. Nine experiments were carried out using four different peripheral routes of injection. A highly consistent pattern of results was obtained in which replication in the CNS started in the thoracic cord after about 35% of the total incubation period had elapsed (range 25 to 42%). This was followed by the simultaneous onset of replication in brain and lumbar cord which occurred 2 to 4 weeks later. It is difficult to explain these results on the basis of haematogenous spread of infection from peripheral sites of replication (e.g. in spleen) to the CNS. However, the data are consistent with spread of infection along peripheral nerves and, in particular, along nerves of the sympathetic nervous system. It is suggested, therefore, that this may be the major route by which scrapie agent invades the CNS. PMID- 6780657 TI - Isolation and characterization of non-haemagglutinating echoviorus 11. AB - After multiplication in the continuous human cell lines HeLa, KB, and Hep 2, echovirus 11 (prototype strain Gregory) loses its haemagglutinating (HA) activity but retains infectivity. After seven passages in Hela cells the HA activity was not restored. There was no correlation between the loss of HA activity and modification of thermosensitivity, plaque morphology, surface properties and antigenicity. HA- echovirus 11 particles did not show the properties of defective interfering (DI) particles as described for poliovirus. PMID- 6780658 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of sex by determination of amniotic testosterone and FSH]. AB - Among hormones which can be determined in the amniotic fluid in the mid-pregnancy period, testosterone and F.S.H. allow the best discrimination between sexes (Figure 1). Moreover, F.S.H. is clearly increasing during the 2d trimester of pregnancy in case of a female fetus. This is a quick and reliable method which uses a small quantity of amniotic fluid. Combined with chromosomal analysis, it increases the accuracy of the sex diagnosis and indicates a repeat amniocentesis if there is a discrepancy between karyotype and hormonal determinations. PMID- 6780660 TI - A simple radioenzymatic method to measure picogram amounts of DOPA in brain and biological fluids. AB - A simple radioenzymatic method for the determination of DOPA is described. The method is based on the conversion of DOPA to 3-O-[methyl-3H]DOPA by catechol-O methyltransferase in the presence of S-adenosyl-[methyl-3H]methionine and purification of the labelled product by Sephadex G10 and Dowex 50 W x 4 ion exchange resin. The method has been applied to the assay of endogenous DOPA in different brain area and to measuring DOPA accumulation after inhibition of aromatic amino acid DOPA decarboxylase. PMID- 6780659 TI - An aminopeptidase from bovine brain which catalyzes the hydrolysis of enkephalin. AB - An aminopeptidase from bovine brain which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the tyrosyl1-glycine2 bond of methionine5-enkephalin has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme also catalyzes the hydrolysis of dipeptides, tripeptides, and amino acid beta-naphthylamides. The enzyme can be inactivated by dialysis against EDTA, and reconstituted with divalent metal ions. Inhibition of the enzyme is observed in the presence of p-chloromercuribenzoate and puromycin, the latter compound not being hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight approx. 100,000. The properties of this enzyme are similar to those reported for other brain aminopeptidases active on enkephalin, although distinct differences are observed. PMID- 6780661 TI - Distribution of protein I, a synapse-specific phosphoprotein, and adenylate cyclase in the rat spinal cord. AB - The longitudinal and transverse distributions of the synapse-specific phosphoprotein Protein I and adenylate cyclase in the rat spinal cord were studied. Protein I was found to be enriched in all cervical and midlumbar (L3-L5) segments, and sparse in midthoracic and sacral segments. Adenylate cyclase activity was high in all cervical and lumbosacral segments, and low in mid thoracic segments. Cross sectionally, both Protein I and adenylate cyclase were more enriched in the dorsal half than in the ventral half in the various segments studied. The similar topographical distributions of Protein I and adenylate cyclase in the spinal cord support the idea that adenylate cyclase may be intimately associated with Protein I in the nervous system, and could thereby regulate the state of in vivo phosphorylation of Protein I through formation of cyclic AMP. PMID- 6780662 TI - Biosynthesis of N-acetyldopamine and N-acetyloctopamine by Schistocerca gregaria nervous tissue. AB - N-Acetyltyramine, N-acetyldopamine and N-acetyloctopamine were the major products when either L-[3H]tyrosine or [3H]tyramine were incubated with thoracic ganglia of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria. No label was incorporated into L DOPA under these conditions, although 2-3% of the radioactivity could be recovered in dopamine and octopamine. Addition of the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015), prevented the formation of N-acetylcompounds from L-[3H]tyrosine, without resulting in an accumulation of label in L-DOPA. In contrast, incubation of samples of haemolymph with L-[3H]tyrosine resulted in the recovery of 7% of label in L-DOPA, which was increased to 17% in the presence of NSD 1015. These results provide evidence that the initial step in the synthesis of dopamine and octopamine by S. gregaria nervous tissue is the conversion of L-tyrosine to tyramine, which is subsequently metabolised to N-acetyltyramine, N-acetyldopamine or N-acetyloctopamine. PMID- 6780663 TI - UDP-galactose hydrolysis in brain and its effect on cerebroside synthesis. AB - The enzymatic hydrolysis of UDP-galactose in rat and calf brain was studied. The hydrolysis occurs in two steps: The first is the conversion of UDP-galactose to galactose-1-phosphate catalyzed by nucleotide pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.9), and the second is the conversion of the latter to free galactose by alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1). The overall conversion has a pH optimum of 9.0, but there is considerable activity at pH 7.4, which is the optimum for UDP galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase in the synthesis of cerebrosides. Preparations from cytosol from calf brain cerebellum or stem that were enriched in UDP-galactose hydrolytic activity inhibit cerebroside synthesis under conditions optimal for the synthesis. Microsome-rich and nuclear debris fractions contain the highest apparent specific activity among the subcellular fractions studied. Hydrolysis of UDP-galactose occurs in all areas of brain, brainstem having the highest activity. The apparent specific activity in jimpy mouse brain homogenate is nearly twice as high as in the control brain homogenate. PMID- 6780664 TI - Purification and characterization of clathrin from bovine brain. AB - Clathrin has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by initial extraction of clathrin from purified coated vesicle fraction, followed by column chromatographies with gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite and finally by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Antibody specific to clathrin has also been obtained. Two forms of native clathrin, fast and slow components, have been prepared to about 95% purity by hydroxylapatite column chromatography. Both fast and slow components are believed to represent two different aggregates of clathrin subunit because they comigrate in agarose electrophoresis, pH 7.4, and also migrate as clathrin subunit on SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of 175,000. Furthermore, both components cross-react with antibody against purified clathrin and compete for antibody binding site with labeled fast component. The fast component can also be converted to the slow component. In addition to clathrin, two proteins of about 38,000 and 35,000 M.W. that consistently copurified with native clathrin are probably also intrinsic to coated vesicle. PMID- 6780665 TI - Regulation of soleus muscle stiffness in premammillary cats: intrinsic and reflex components. PMID- 6780666 TI - Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells in the evaluation of vascular abnormalities. AB - Scintigraphy with Tc-99m-labeled red blood cells was used to evaluate five patients with suspected vascular abnormalities. The technique was useful for the imaging of large areas of the body and in obtaining multiple views. Conventional radionuclide angiography is of limited usefulness in such cases. PMID- 6780667 TI - Enamel remineralization as a factor in the pathogenesis of dental caries. AB - This paper described an investigation of local resistance acquired in response to cariogenic attacks and remineralization periods from environmental fluids. Surfaces from extracted human teeth with yellow and brown areas indicative of consolidated carious lesions were exposed to acid buffers. Subsurface lesions were developed on areas of sound enamel adjacent to, but not in areas of, consolidated lesions. The development of higher tooth resistance to acid through demineralization and remineralization was demonstrated experimentally on bovine enamel presoftened in acid, treated with fluoride, exposed to the oral environment, and finally exposed to acid buffers for development of subsurface lesions. These results are interpreted as an extension of theory of tissue adaptation to an injurious challenge, in that the tooth surface is primed by the challenge for possible remineralization and the development of higher resistance. This, cariogenic challenges can result in either local adaptation of the enamel to the challenge through lesion consolidation or to open cavitation. As in any biological adaptation, the determining factors for the final outcome are: (a) the frequency and duration of the challenge, (b) the frequency and duration of remineralizing conditions, and (c) the composition of the remineralizing fluid. The implications of the theory in the pathogenesis of caries are discussed in the light of clinical and laboratory investigations. PMID- 6780668 TI - The effect of DMBA on hamster cheek pouch mucosa in vitro. AB - Neonatal hamster cheek pouch mucosa was treated with DMBA for three h either before being explanted or after 7 days in vitro. The epithelium of the treated cultures exhibited dysplasic changes, most marked at 21 to 28 days in vitro. These changes were not seen in the explants maintained for 35 to 49 days in vitro indicating a return to an apparently normal morphology. Examination of the ultrastructure of DMBA treated and untreated explants showed changes consistent with those described in similar tissues in vivo. The epithelium of the carcinogen treated tissue exhibited widened intercellular spaces, tortuous cell membranes, an irregular and discontinuous basal lamina and pseudopodia of the basal cells extending into the underlying mesenchyme. Similar changes have been described in inflamed epithelium, in some other experimental preparations, and in premalignant lesions in vitro, both in animals and man. PMID- 6780669 TI - Correlated microradiography, X-ray microbeam diffraction and electron probe microanalysis of calcifications in an odontoma. AB - Using microradiography, X-ray microbeam diffraction and electron probe microanalysis, a correlated morphologic crystallographic study was performed on dysplastic enamel in a compound odontoma. The tumor was found in the lateral incisor-canine region of the left mandible of a 36-year-old woman. A conspicuous feature was the presence of hypomineralized areas, which were situated in the proximity of enamel surface and distinctly demarcated from the adjacent enamel. X ray microbeam diffraction and electron probe microanalysis showed that these lesions have a lower crystallinity and a higher concentration of magnesium as compared with the adjacent enamel. In addition, the present study revealed the presence of two other types of calcifications: (1) calcified structures within the fissure or on the enamel surface, which include lacunae of varying size and which resemble a form of coronal cementum, and (2) spherical calcifications which may be an epithelial product. PMID- 6780670 TI - Pathologic study of periapical lesions 1. Periapical granulomas: clinical, histopathologic and immunohistopathologic studies. AB - Seventy periapical granulomas were histopathologically examined. They were divided into four types: exudative, granulomatous, granulo-fibrous, and fibrous types. Clinicopathologically, those having marked lymphocytic infiltration were found more frequently in cases having had endodontic treatment; further, the size of a radiolucent area did not exceed that of the involved tooth crown. In contrast, a predominant plasma cell infiltrate was more frequent in cases with open pulp chambers (no treatment). In those cases, the radiolucent area was larger than the crown. Foci with very large radiolucent areas were often of the exudative type. Epithelial proliferation was more frequent in cases without treatment. These findings indicate that endodontic treatment not only stops invasion of injurious factors but also proliferation of epithelium. Furthermore, in frozen sections of 26 granulomas, IgE-containing cells and IgG and C3 fluorescence in the connective tissue were often observed. It appears that IgE mediated reaction and antigen-antibody complexes may play a role in periapical pathosis. PMID- 6780671 TI - [Experimental studies on rat ear duct tumor. Part 1: Histo- and biochemical studies upon dehydrogenases in early changes of ear duct tumors in rats treated by DMBA and DAS (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780672 TI - Noradrenaline levels and morphologic alterations of myocardium in experimental protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Experimental protein-calorie malnutrition was produced in rats by giving them a low-protein diet for 6 weeks. Control animals were fed a high-protein diet. The deficient rats showed severe restriction of body weight gain, fatty liver and hypoproteinaemia. In addition the present study demonstrates that the experimentally induced protein-calorie malnutrition brings about marked pathological changes and increased catecholamine levels in the hearts of rats. Based on this demonstration, and considering the synchronism of morphological and biochemical data, we postulate that the nutritional stress to the heart raises the myocardium noradrenaline concentration and the continued exposure to high levels of catecholamines may play a role in the development of cardiac changes in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6780674 TI - Hemorrhagic diathesis from transiently acquired Factor VIII complex deficiency. PMID- 6780673 TI - Thyroid gland function and pituitary TSH reserve in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - In view of the reported enhanced sensitivity to iodide-induced hypothyroidism in patients with cystic fibrosis, studies were carried out to determine the possible mechanism of this abnormality. The intrathyroid organification of iodide, as assessed by the iodide-perchlorate discharge test, was normal in patients with cystic fibrosis, strongly suggesting that an organification defect was not present. The serum TSH response to TRH was not significantly different from the response in normal children and adolescents. Serum T4 concentration was normal whereas that of T3 was decreased in patients with cystic fibrosis, strongly suggesting decreased peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, as commonly occurs in nonthyroid illness. Our findings do not delineate the mechanism whereby patients with cystic fibrosis develop iodide-induced hypothyroidism. PMID- 6780676 TI - Suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis by the Trypanosoma cruzi-induced suppressor substance. AB - Serum from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi-suppressed (=SSS) lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, and concanavalin A (Con A) induced lymphoblast transformation when added to cultures of spleen cells or lymph node cells. This serum maximally suppressed blastogenic responses in spleen cell and lymph node cell cultures that contained supportive fetal bovine serum concentrations of 2% and 4%, respectively. Preincubation of lymphoid cells with SSS for 18 to 48 hr prior to initiation of the blastogenesis assay led to suppression of LPS-, PHA-, and Con A-induced proliferation at the optimal concentration of supportive fetal bovine serum (5%), whereas adsorption of lymphoid cells with SSS at 4 C for 30 min before stimulation with mitogen led to suppression of LPS-induced proliferation in spleen cells only. There was a close temporal correspondence between the induction and manifestation of suppression to the T-cell mitogens (PHA and Con A), but the manifestation of suppression preceded the induction of suppression to the B-cell mitogen (LPS) by approximately 12 hr. The SSS-induced suppression of proliferative responses, except in spleen cell cultures stimulated with LPS, was shown to be dependent on the presence of macrophages during the preincubation and stimulation phases of the assay system. The combined results of experiments in which macrophages were preincubated with SSS, or in which macrophages from the spleen were cultured with lymphocytes from the lymph nodes and vice versa (before and after preincubation with SSS), clearly demonstrated the presence of SSS-activated suppressor cells in the spleen, but not in the lymph nodes. Furthermore, the activation of these suppressor macrophages was reliant upon interactions with splenic lymphocytes. PMID- 6780675 TI - Progressive neurodegenerative disorder in a patient with nonketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 6780677 TI - Extremity swelling in an infant with copper and zinc deficiency. AB - A female infant born with jejunal atresia and a severely shortened bowel acquired progressive thickening of her thighs at 7 mo of age. While receiving parenteral nutrition, all four extremities rapidly became massively thickened and tender, and the child made no effort to move them. X-rays revealed large subperiosteal hematomas encompassing each femur, tibia, and humerus as the cause of the swelling. Ascorbic acid levels in the serum were not diminished, but copper and zinc levels were extremely low. Treatment with a trace element solution that included copper reversed the extremity thickening and the pseudoparalysis. PMID- 6780678 TI - Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique. AB - A new technique has been developed to establish a tube feeding gastrostomy without a laparotomy. The procedure is particularly useful in high risk patients because general anesthesia is not usually required. The procedure is simple, safe, and rapid. It has been employed in 12 children (and 19 adults) with minimal morbidity and no mortality. PMID- 6780679 TI - Effect of normal C10:0-C20:0 fatty acids and their related compounds on gastric secretion and experimental ulceration in rats. AB - Fatty acids of C10:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0 and C16:0 significantly inhibited the amount of gastric juice, total acid output, and total peptic activity, but fatty acids of C17:0-C20:0 entirely failed to show significant inhibitory activity. Only the methyl ester of C14:0 showed significant inhibition of these parameters at the dose of 100 mg/kg, while at the dose of 200 mg/kg, methyl esters of fatty acids of fatty acids of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 significantly inhibited these three parameters. alpha-Monoglyceride of C14:0 significantly inhibited the amount of gastric juice at the dose of 100 mg/kg, while alpha-monoglycerides of C10:0, C12:0', C13:0, C14:0, and C16:0 significantly inhibited the amount of gastric juice, total acid output, and total peptic activity at the dose of 200 mg/kg. In the case of intraduodenal administration, myristic acid also showed significant inhibition of these parameters at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses. The dose activity correlation in gastric secretion inhibitory activity was examined with myristic acid and this activity was found to increase with increasing dose of the acid administered. Myristic acid significantly decreased the ulcer index in aspirin-induced ulcer, it was entirely ineffective in preventing histamine induced ulcer. Finally, inhibitory effect of myristic acid on pepsin and histidine decarboxylase was examined in vitro and it was found that myristic acid inhibited peptic activity, but it had almost no effect of inhibiting the histidine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 6780680 TI - Combined effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and methylmercury on hepatic microsomal monooxygenases and the hepatotoxic action of bromobenzene. AB - The combined effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and methylmercury were investigated by assaying the activities of hepatic enzymes and by measuring the binding of bromobenzene to microsomal protein. Rats were fed normal or PCB-diet (KC-400-KC-500, 1:1, 50 ppm) for 14 days and methylmercuric chloride (10 mg Hg/kg, s.c.) was given once daily for the last 2 days. The inducing effects of PCB on microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, aminopyrine N-demethylase, aniline hydroxylase, and p-nitroanisole O-demethylase were counteracted by methylmercury. Glucose 6-phosphatase activity was additively decreased by the combination of PCB and methylmercury. The activity of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase in soluble fraction was increased by PCB but reduced by methylmercury. The toxicity of bromobenzene was enhanced by PCB but the effect of PCB was counteracted by methylmercury. The depletion of liver glutathione and the elevation of serum transaminases by bromobenzene were remarkably potentiated by PCB. Methylmercury counteracted the effect of PCB on serum transaminases but not that on liver glutathione. The amount of bromine covalently bound with liver microsomal protein after an injection of bromobenzene and the radioactivity bound with microsomal protein after in vitro incubation of 14C-bromobenzene with microsomes were fortified by PCB pretreatment but depressed by the combining administration of methylmercury. PMID- 6780681 TI - UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities of rabbit liver microsomes for cannabinoids. AB - UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities for delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol were examined using liver microsomes of rabbits. The activities for cannabidiol and cannabinol were 2.5 and 19 times higher, respectively, than those for delta 8 tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-hydroxy-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol. Thus, the present study supports the view that glucuronide formation plays an important role in the metabolism of cannabinol, but does only a minor role in that of delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-hydroxy-delta 8-tetrahydrocannabinol. PMID- 6780682 TI - Improving intestinal absorption of water-insoluble compounds: a membrane metabolism strategy. AB - A strategy for improving the intestinal absorption of water-insoluble drugs was developed and tested. The strategy is based on making a soluble derivative of an insoluble compound which, in turn, is a substrate for enzymes in the surface coat of the brush border region of the microvillous membrane. Consequently, just prior to reaching the membrane, the physical properties of the diffusing species are changed from polar to nonpolar. The experimental test used two drug-drug derivative pairs, estrone-lysine estrone ester and p-nitroaniline-lysine p nitroanilide. Wall permeabilities were determined using an external perfusion technique in the rat intestine and a laminar flow convective diffusion model for transport in the lumen. Analysis of the permeability results indicates that the derivatives have higher wall permeabilities than the parent compounds and that the microvillous surface coat may be a significant contributor to the intestinal wall resistance. Comparison of the absorption rates for estrone and the lysine estrone ester indicates that the absorption rate of the derivatives could be up to five orders of magnitude greater than that for the parent compound. PMID- 6780683 TI - Simultaneous determination of cephalexin and lysine in their salt using high performance liquid chromatography of derivatives. AB - A sensitive and useful high-performance liquid chromatographic method using derivatization was developed for the simultaneous determination of intact cephalexin and lysine in their salt. This method is rapid and reliable, and its inherent specificity makes it an improvement over the common wet chemical methods for stability studies. PMID- 6780684 TI - Structural elucidation of adducts formed by ninhydrin with indoles and thiourea by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. AB - Condensation products were prepared by the reaction of ninhydrin with indole and 2,5-dimethylindole. The structures of these 1:1 adducts were assigned as 3-(2 hydroxy-2-indane-1,3-dionyl)indole and 3-(2-hydroxy-2-indane-1,3-dionyl)-2,5 dimethylindole, respectively, on the basis of spectral data including 13C-NMR evidence. 13C-NMR also was used to confirm the structure of a thiourea-ninhydrin adduct as a substituted thioindeno[1,2-d]imidazole-2,8-dione. PMID- 6780685 TI - Calcium efflux from Myxicola giant axons: effects of extracellular calcium and intracellular EGTA. AB - 1. (45)Ca efflux was examined in Myxicola giant axons injected with (45)CaCl(2) or various concentrations of (45)Ca/EGTA buffers. In axons injected with (45)CaCl(2), the Ca(o)-dependent Ca efflux in 1 mM-Ca(o) was about half that in 10 mM-Ca(o).2. Axons injected with (45)Ca/EGTA buffers consistently showed two types of results: in one type (B type), K((1/2)) for Ca(o) activation was less than 1 mM-Ca(o). In the other type of result (A type), there was an additional Ca activation of Ca efflux. This additional efflux exhibited a linear dependence on Ca(o) when the Ca(o) values ranged between 1 mM-Ca(o) and 10 mM-Ca(o).3. The B type result remained unchanged when the injected Ca/EGTA concentrations were varied. The A type result, however, changed as a function of Ca/EGTA(i) in the following way: (a) at a constant ratio of Ca/EGTA(i) = 8/10, the megnitude of the linear component of the Ca(o)-activated Ca efflux was reduced by increasing the intracellular concentration of (Ca/EGTA) buffer; and (b) at a ratio Ca/EGTA = 1/10, the linear component of the Ca(o)-activated Ca efflux appeared to acquire a slower time response to changes in Ca(o).4. Na(o) acts synergistically with Ca(o) to produce the linear component of the Ca-activated Ca efflux seen in the A type result.5. With axons containing (45)Ca/EGTA buffers (total EGTA(i) = 1 mM), changing the Ca/EGTA ratio by repetitive injections of CaCl(2) did not increase (45)Ca efflux by as great an amount as would be predicted if Ca(i) (2+) were controlled by the EGTA buffer alone.6. Ca(i) (2+) (measured by arsenazo III absorbance) is influenced by Ca(o) irrespective of the presence of 1 mM-EGTA buffer inside the axon. There was a variability in the sensitivity of Ca(i) to Ca(o) that resembled the variability found in (45)Ca efflux measurements.7. (45)Ca influx is not affected by the concentration of Ca/EGTA buffer injected into the cell and appears to be only slightly, if at all, affected by increasing ionized Ca(i) (2+) from 0.016 to 0.56 muM in the injection medium.8. These results are consistent with the interpretation that the Ca efflux system of the Myxicola giant axon, or something controlling it, can exist in more than one state. One of these states, which exhibited a large Ca(o)-dependent Ca efflux, may represent axons in which Ca(i) is poorly controlled by the natural endogenous Ca buffers. PMID- 6780686 TI - [Postoperative pseudo-diverticulum of the small intestine as a cause of digestive hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations in a 38-year-old woman with recurrent digestive hemorrhages demonstrated the presence of two diverticular images close to each other at the end of the ileum. Operation revealed distention of two blind loops at either end of a laterolateral anastomosis of the small intestine. This type of surgical procedure, now abandoned, may produce local complications. A history of surgical treatment on the small intestine should suggest this possibility, and confirmation is obtained by radiological examination. PMID- 6780687 TI - The effect of adult exposure to diethylstilbestrol in the mouse: alterations in tumor susceptibility and host resistance parameters. PMID- 6780688 TI - Hyperventilation and anxiety state. PMID- 6780689 TI - N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumours as models of human breast cancer. AB - A histopathological study is reported of the autopsy finding in two strains of rats treated with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). The induced mammary tumours were histologically indistinguishable from those produced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). A number of other primary tumours were found and there was no evidence of metastases. PMID- 6780690 TI - Who shall die? PMID- 6780691 TI - Triage and the patient with renal failure. AB - The call for 'triage' as a specific policy for the selection of patients presenting with chronic renal failure, in the light of increasingly limited resources prompted us to question nephrologist on their bases for selection. We discovered no absolute criteria for rejection, but a consensus of opinion against those with additional and complicating factors to their renal disease such as age, hepatitis carriers and mental illness-a bias seen throughout the National Health Service. In this paper we discuss the validity of such criteria, the implications of the currently pragmatic and often covert practice of selection, and in this potentially finite area of demand we question the rationale for the limitation of resources. PMID- 6780692 TI - Cost-benefit analysis and medical ethics. AB - The issue of assessing priorities is one that has become the subject of much debate in the National Health Service particularly in the wake of various documents on priorities from central Government. It has become even more so with the prospect of real cuts in expenditure. Economists claim that their science, or perhaps more accurately art can assist in determining not only how best to achieve various ends but also whether and to what extent competing objectives should be pursued. Such choices cannot be made in the absence of some ethical considerations and it is important that health service decision makers (and in particular the medical profession) are aware if the relationship between economics (and especially cost-benefit analysis) and medical ethics. PMID- 6780693 TI - Physiological diversity in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The results of 91 characteristics selected from 165 tests performed on 127 clinical and other isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected to numerical analysis. Only one cluster, representing a single biotype of the species, was revealed at a similarity (SSM) level of 95% and above. Ten melanogenic and six of the non-melanogenic isolates studied gave diverse atypical results in many of the tests; these strain appear to be aberrant forms of the species. PMID- 6780694 TI - Central acetabular fracture-dislocation secondary to an epileptic seizure in a chronic renal patient. AB - An unusual mechanism of injury for a central acetabular fracture-dislocation is reported in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency. The combination of renal osteodystrophy and an epileptic seizure resulted in such an injury as a complication of renal dialysis. Skeletal traction and a prolonged period of non weight bearing produced a satisfactory result. PMID- 6780695 TI - [Structural and functional significance of the chloroplast envelope of Euglena: immunocytological and freeze fracture study]. PMID- 6780696 TI - Events surrounding the early development of Euglena chloroplasts. Light-induced changes in a proplastid remnant in mutant W3BUL. PMID- 6780697 TI - Events surrounding the early development of Euglena chloroplasts. Structure of the developing proplastid in the first hours of illumination from serial sections of wild-type cells. PMID- 6780698 TI - Viral hemorrhagic septicemia of rainbow trout: selection of a thermoresistant virus variant and comparison of polypeptide synthesis with the wild-type virus strain. AB - Serial passage of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus at gradually increasing temperature selected for a variant virus that replicates at 25 degrees C and has a low pathogenicity for rainbow trout. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus specific polypeptide synthesis was examined in epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells infected with either a wild-type strain or a thermoresistant variant. The wild-type N and M1 proteins were synthesized throughout the course of infection, whereas L, G, and M2 were more actively translated later in the replication cycle. The wild-type strain was more cytotoxic at 25 than at 14 degrees C despite the fact that no translation could be evidenced when the temperature was raised. When epithelioma papulosum cyprini cells were infected with the variant virus, the kinetic study was obstructed since protein synthesis was difficult to observe by the pulse method at a low multiplicity of infection and aborted when the multiplicity of infection was raised. The variant was less cytotoxic at 25 degrees C than wild-type virus. PMID- 6780699 TI - Association of Malassezia (Pityrosporum) pachydermatis with sarcoptic mange in New York State. AB - Malassezia (Pityrosporum) pachydermatis consistently accompanied sarcoptic mange in all red foxes (Vulpes fulva), porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), and coyotes (Canis latrans) examined. This yeastlike microorganism has not heretofore been reported on any of these hosts. Its presence on the exoskeleton of Sarcoptes scabiei taken from these animals suggests a carrier role for the mite. The yeast may be saprophytic or a secondary pathogen. PMID- 6780700 TI - Hematozoa of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) of the Pacific Flyway, Washington. AB - Blood smears from 837 mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), collected during January and February from various locales in Washington during the period 1974 1977, were examined for hematozoa. Of these, 339 (40.5%) harbored blood parasites: Leucocytozoon simondi was the most common, occurring in 24.4% of the birds, followed by Haemoproteus nettionis (23.4%). Microfilariae were found in 14 birds (1.7%). PMID- 6780701 TI - Sarcocystis in wild ungulates in Alberta. AB - Muscle samples from 557 wild ungulates in Alberta, comprising seven species, were examined grossly and/or histologically for cysts of Sarcocystis. Sarcocystis was found in 100, 96, 94, 75, 75, 73, and 49% of the wapiti (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), bison (Bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus), and white tailed deer (O. virginianus), respectively. PMID- 6780702 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgical patients. AB - The use of antibiotic prophylaxis was prospectively evaluated in 1,021 surgical patients from 27 hospitals in metropolitan Minnesota. The majority of patients had undergone general surgical (23%), obstetric and gynecologic (13%), orthopedic (26%), and urologic (12%) procedures. One half of the courses of antibiotic prophylaxis were given to patients undergoing clean (class 1) surgery. Antibiotics were first administered in the four hours preceding the start of surgery in only 41% of the patients. The mean duration of prophylaxis was 3.4 days. About one third of the patients received prophylaxis for more than 72 hours; this group accounted for 65% of patient-days of antibiotic administration. More than one half of the patients received a cephalosporin. Analysis of patient charges suggests that 18% to 50% of the cost of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis might be saved by limiting the duration of drug administration. PMID- 6780703 TI - Easier decisions in viral hepatitis for the practitioner. PMID- 6780704 TI - Maintenance of GI function after bowel surgery and immediate enteral full nutrition. I. Doubling of canine colorectal anastomotic bursting pressure and intestinal wound mature collagen content. AB - Following either standardized stapled resection of an ileal blind loop terminus (17 beagles) or construction of a colorectal anastomosis (10 beagles), half the subjects immediately were fed an elemental diet (Vivonex HN). Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and absorption were maintained by exclusion of swallowed air. Controls received the same rate of feeding solution containing only the electrolyte components. Four days postoperatively, the fed beagle's colorectal anastomosis had over double the bursting pressure of the control, 303 +/- 46 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). At this time, the mature collagen content of the fed subjects' ileal wound was undiminished from that of normal ileum 2,223 +/- 336 versus 2,250 +/- 577, contrasting with the 45% decrease of this structural component (OHP) in the wounds of the unfed controls, 1,237 +/- 820 microgram/g of tissue (p less than 0.001). Similarly, the wounds of fed but not unfed subjects had a doubling (p less than 0.001) in concentration of collagen precursors and "new" collagen. The "catabolic" and "lag" phases, as noted in unfed experimental animals, appeared to be reflections of the relative starvation that accompanied the intestinal wounding. With maintenance of GI function and immediate full enteral nutrition, "accelerated healing" was noted relative to the previously considered "norm". PMID- 6780705 TI - Nutritional effects of intravenous infusion solutions on normal rats: effects of increased energy level and deletion of acidic amino acids. AB - Nutritional effects of intravenous infusion of an amino acid (AA) mixture enriched with the branched chain AA were previously evaluated at a daily level of 45 kcal and 200 mg N using male rats weighing approximately 200 g. The present study was conducted with male rats weighing approximately 200 g to evaluate the nutritional effects of 1) an AA infusion solution at further increased energy level, and 2) an AA solution devoid of aspartic and glutamic acids. By increasing daily energy input from 45 to 55 kcal/rat, the body weight gain of rat was markedly increased and more positive nitrogen balance was observed. Glucose, albumin, and free AA levels were unchanged in plasma of rats after the infusion period, while plasma urea level was somewhat lowered. Organ weights and liver lipid content were also unchanged. The administration of an infusion solution devoid of aspartic and glutamic acids resulted in little alteration in the amounts of urinary excretion and plasma levels of these acidic AA. Furthermore, other parameters measured showed no significant effect of the deletion of the AA. These results indicate that no advantage is expected in the use of acidic AA for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6780706 TI - D-methionine utilization in young miniature pigs, adult rabbits, and adult dogs. AB - Rats and chickens, unlike man, utilize D-methionine efficiently. We have studied urinary excretion of methionine isomers in young miniature pigs, adult rabbits, and adult dogs given D-methionine in an attempt to find an animal model that, like man, utilizes the D-isomer poorly. Six-week-old miniature pigs ingesting a protein-free diet were infused with 8.5% amino acid solutions differing only in methionine isomer content (L- vs DL-) to supply amino acid requirements. Each solution was infused for a 2- or 3-day period in a cross-over design. Plasma methionine levels were significantly higher (p = 0.01) during infusion of the solution providing DL-methionine, with 25% of total plasma methionine present as the D-configuration. However, urinary methionine excretion was similar with both solutions, with D-methionine utilization calculated as greater than 99%. Adult rabbits ingesting DL-methionine (0.14 g/100 g food) showed good utilization of D methionine, excreting less than 1.3% D-isomer in the urine. Mixed breed dogs given 1.25 g D-methionine in their drinking water excreted less than 0.4% of ingested D-methionine in the urine. These data indicate that the pig, rabbit, and dog utilize D-methionine efficiently, behaving like the rat and chicken rather than man. PMID- 6780708 TI - Psychological aspects of long-term home hyperalimentation. AB - Ten patients (24--66 yr), maintained on ambulatory home intravenous hyperalimentation (HIVH) for 1/2--3 1/4 years, have undergone psychological evaluation. Acceptance of oral deprivation and the inconveniences, restraints, and risks of long-term or life-long HIVH, and the mechanisms for coping with these stresses, varied among this group. At times, the fear related to the HIVH apparatus and its function assumed almost delusional proportions; at other times, the patients acted indifferently or even irresponsibly toward the management of their life-sustaining system. These patients had to cope with public inquisitiveness as well as their own self-consciousness in public. Stress seemed to be related to the patient's prognosis, not only regarding recovery from the primary pathologic process, but also his/her prospects for return of normal gastrointestinal function. Stress reactions also varied among the spouses and families of the patients, and the quality of their psychological support appeared to affect the patient's mental, physical, and social wellbeing significantly. An entirely new spectrum of psychologic and social problems have emerged to challenge the IVH team who successfully manage patients unable to sustain themselves nutritionally. It is imperative that we recognize, prevent, ameliorate, and treat these problems with the same degree of enthusiasm and competence with which we nourish the patients. PMID- 6780707 TI - Use of a peptide rather than free amino acid nitrogen source in chemically defined "elemental" diets. AB - Previous studies have shown that amino acid (AA) residues are absorbed more rapidly from di- tripeptides than from free AA. In the present study, an intestinal perfusion technique has been used in normal human subjects to compare absorption of AA residues and total alpha-amino nitrogen (N) from 4 partial enzymic hydrolysates of protein (50--80% of the N contents present as small peptides) and their respective equimolar free AA mixtures. alpha-Amino N absorption was greater from 2 casein hydrolytes and a lactalbumin hydrolysate than from the respective free AA mixtures but similar to that from a fish protein hydrolysate and its AA mixture. The considerable variation in absorption of individual AA residues from the AA mixtures was much reduced when the protein hydrolysates were perfused, as a number of AA which were poorly absorbed from the AA mixtures were absorbed to a greater extent from the protein hydrolysates. The casein and lactalbumin hydrolysates had a stimulatory effect on jejunal absorption of water and electrolytes. In contrast, the fish protein hydrolysate appeared to cause a mean net secretion of fluid and electrolytes. The findings indicate that when absorption is limited by diminished luminal hydrolysis or absorptive capacity, serious consideration might be given to using partial enzymic hydrolysates of whole protein rather than free AA mixtures as the N source in "elemental" diets. Care should be taken, however, in ensuring that the preparation of choice does not promote a net secretion of fluid and electrolytes for such a property could have a deleterious effect in the clinical setting. PMID- 6780710 TI - Plasma free fatty acid turnover and oxidation during fat-free and intralipid TPN. AB - Plasma free fatty acid (FFA) turnover and oxidation were determined by the primed continuous infusion of albumin bound (1-14C) palmitic acid in 2 patients after an overnight fast and during fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN), in 1 during fat-free TPN, and in another in whom one-third of calories were administered by the continuous infusion of Intralipid via a central venous catheter in conjunction with a standard glucose-amino acid solution. During TPN, plasma FFA concentrations in 2 patients were reduced from 0.7 to 0.11 and 0.08 mM, respectively, and their plasma FFA turnover during TPN was only 26% (3.86 and 2.68 mu mol/min/kg) of that prior TPN. In these subjects prior to TPN, 33 and 47% of the plasma FFA turnover was immediately oxidized, accounting for 58% of the CO2 output; however, during TPN only 16% of the plasma FFA turnover was oxidized, accounting for 10% of the caloric expenditure. The plasma FFA kinetics in the third patient were similar to those described for the first two. In contrast, the plasma FFA concentration of the fourth patient during Intralipid TPN was 0.4 mM. His plasma FFA production was 11.3 mu mol/min/kg, of which 18.4% was immediately oxidized, contributing 28% to the total CO2 output. These studies indicated that during fat-free TPN plasma FFA turnover is reduced and plasma FFA oxidation is a minor contributor to energy homeostasis; however, when one-third of the calories are supplied by fat emulsion, plasma FFA turnover is appreciable and the oxidation of plasma FFA is an important source of energy. PMID- 6780711 TI - [Radical irradiation techniques for the cervical esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780712 TI - [Mouse model of tyrosinase positive type oculocutaneous albinism (chinchilla mouse, Cch/Cch) : tyrosinase activity and ultrastructure of hair bulb melanocyte (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780709 TI - Zinc, copper, and parenteral nutrition in cancer. A review. AB - Literature concerning zinc and/or copper investigations pertaining to cancer is surveyed; the interrelationships of zinc, copper, and parenteral nutrition (PN) in cancer are examined; and the advantages of adequate nutritional support for patients with malignancies are discussed. Zinc and copper are both essential trace elements and, therefore, are necessary nutrients for cancer patients. Zinc supports growth, including that of neoplasia; copper is a zinc competitor and antagonist; and cancer patients on PN are in danger of becoming both zinc- and copper-deficient. The addition of these trace elements as supplements to PN formulae is undertaken with knowledge of only the approximate concentrations of zinc and copper in total intake, but without knowledge of specific requirements for cancer patients for these trace elements, of all the possible interactions of zinc and copper with each other or different trace elements, or even of zinc and copper lower levels of toxicity in cancer patients; balance studies are needed to determine zinc and copper requirements in them. In the future, it is conceivable that manipulations of the host nutrients might be used to control tumors. This might be accomplished by adjusting total PN formulae so that required nutrients will be presented to a cancer patient in such amounts and in such ratios that a desired alteration may be effected in that patient's metabolism. PMID- 6780713 TI - [Biomechanics (6). Hemorheology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780714 TI - Maintenance of respiratory rhythm-generation by vascular perfusion with physiological saline in the isolated head of the carp. AB - 1) Vascular perfusion of the isolated head of the carp was carried out with physiological saline. Respiratory movement of the grill covers and respiratory discharges of cranial motor nerves were recorded in the preparation. 2) Blood vascular vessels supply the brain were anatomically investigated. Concentrations (electrolytes, O2, CO2, and glucose) and perfusing pressure of the saline were determined by reference to the useful information already available in fish physiology. 3) The movement of the operculum could be maintained in regular respiratory rhythm for more than 34 hr. Efferent discharges of cranial motor nerves also indicated that the respiratory rhythm generator functioned normally. Interruption of perfusate flow always immediately disturbed the opercular rhythm and resulted in respiratory arrest. 4) In conclusion, vascular perfusion is indispensable for the maintenance of breathing rhythm-generation in the isolated head of the carp; as the perfusate, the colloid-free physiological saline was found tenable for the long-term preservation of brain function in the carp. PMID- 6780715 TI - [Endocrinological study on Prader-Willi syndrome: report of four cases and review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780716 TI - [Therapeutic effects of treatment with RFP on previously treated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780717 TI - [Case of sudden cardiac arrest during intravenous nitroglycerin infusion]. PMID- 6780718 TI - Delayed puberty in males with chronic renal failure. AB - The effects of chronic renal failure on the pituitary-testicular axis of 31 males, aged 11.7 to 20.0 yr (mean, 16.0 yr) were studied. Nine patients not on hemodialysis (group I) had serum creatinines between 2.5 and 8.0 mg/dl, 10 patients were on hemodialysis (group II) and 12 patients had received a renal transplant (group III). The Tanner stage of pubertal development was delayed relative to chronologic age. Testosterone (T), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4), and urinary 17-keto steroids were normal when related to pubertal stage in groups I and II; and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and DHEA sulfate (DS) were in the low normal range. In group III, adrenal androgens (delta 4, DHEA, DS) were decreased as a consequence of prednisone therapy whereas T was normal. Luteinizing hormone levels were normal in all. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels were normal in all. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was significantly increased in groups I and II. In group III, FSH was normal in 6 of 9 patients with serum creatinine concentrations < 2 mg/dl. FSH levels were uniformly elevated in Tanner I-V patients with creatinines > 2 mg/dl. The data shows that FSH is elevated in patients with chronic renal failure even in prepuberty and early adolescence. This may reflect damage to germinal epithelium prior to the advent of spermatogenesis, whereas Leydig cell function appears to remain intact. PMID- 6780719 TI - Renal excretion of urate: factors determining the actions of drugs. PMID- 6780720 TI - [Fiber cholangioscopy in surgery on the biliary tracts]. PMID- 6780721 TI - [Early complications after operations on the biliary tracts]. PMID- 6780722 TI - Spatial structure of immunoglobulin molecules. AB - Immunoglobulin molecules of the class G (antibody molecules) consist of two heavy chains (50,000 dalton molecular weight) and two light chains (25,000 dalton). The overall shape is a Y with the arms formed by the light chains and the N-terminal half of the heavy chains in tight association. The stem is formed by the C terminal halves of the heavy chains. The heavy and the light chains fold into globular domains of molecular weights of 12,000 dalton. There are four domains of the heavy chain and two of the light chain. All these domains show a similar fold, consisting of two B-sheets but display considerable differences in detail. The N-terminal variable domains of heavy and light chains and specifically the hypervariable polypeptide segments of the domains, located at the tips of the Y, constitute the antigen and hapten binding site. The nature of the amino acid residues of the hypervariable loops determines the shape and the specificity of the antibody. All domains pair tightly laterally, except the CH2 domains of the heavy chain. This domain has carbohydrate bound which prevents lateral association. Longitudinal interaction between the domains is loose and allows flexibility in the arrangement. Flexibility is probably of significance for antibody function. Arm (Fab) and stem (Fc) parts are linked by the hinge peptide which contains a segment with a unique conformation of two parallel poly-proline helices. Antigen binding triggers effector functions of antibodies. Antigen binding is at the tips of the Y-shaped antibody, but effector functions are displayed by the stem part. It is an open question whether conformational changes of the antibody molecule play a significant role in the trigger mechanism. PMID- 6780723 TI - Distinctive abnormal responses to tilting test in chronic Chagas' disease. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the sympathetic nervous system function in 34 patients with chronic Chagas' disease. The tilting test was selected as an appropriate means to assess the adrenergic system function. Our results demonstrate that (a) all chagasics respond with a significantly smaller rise in diastolic blood pressure (0-3.8 mmHg) than normal subjects (9-12 mmHg), when submitted to the tilting test and (b) chagasic patients with heart failure have a significantly lower heart rate than normal subjects and nonchagasic heart failure patients (P < 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). With these results we may speculate that the damage in chronic Chagas' disease should be located in the sympathetic pathway. Therefore, the faulty orthostatic mechanism would be the consequence of a diminished adrenergic activity, with a defective arteriolar vasoconstriction and a decreased basal heart rate. At the same time we note that our results differ from the results of similar tests performed on the same kind of chagasic patients in Brazil, where a predominantly decreased parasymphathetic activity has been demonstrated. PMID- 6780724 TI - Influence of season on birth distribution in marmosets and tamarins. AB - The cotton-topped tamarin in captivity exhibits a seasonal influence on birth distribution, while the captive silvery marmoset, common marmoset, Goeldi's monkey and red-mantled tamarin are not significantly affected. PMID- 6780725 TI - Normal cellular and humoral immunologic parameters in the baboon (Papio ursinus) compared to human standards. AB - Normal adult Chacma baboons were investigated with reference to their basic immunological parameters, including serum immunoglobulin concentrations, proportions of T- and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, and lymphocyte response to activators. As rabbit antihuman antisera to immunoglobulins were used for the serum immunoglobulin determinations, cross-reactivity between human and baboon immunoglobulins was evaluated, and it was found that human and baboon IgG and IgM were both completely cross-reactive, while IgA was partially cross reactive. The serum immunoglobulin concentrations, proportions of T- and B lymphocytes, and response to activators were found to be similar to those of man. These findings indicate that the Chacma baboon would be a useful and relevant model for the study of cellular and humoral immunology. PMID- 6780727 TI - Health Promotion at the worksite. PMID- 6780726 TI - Hemolytic complement in nonhuman primates. AB - Hemolytic serum complement activity was quantitatively compared in baboons, squirrel monkeys, cebus monkeys, and cotton-top marmosets. Squirrel monkeys showed the highest activity, and marmosets had the lowest activity. The complement level in squirrel monkeys and tenfold greater than marmosets and almost four times higher than that of man. Cebus monkeys had levels most similar to that of man while the baboon exhibited activity almost as low as that of the marmoset. PMID- 6780728 TI - Effects of continuous nitroglycerin infusion on acute myocardial ischemia in dogs. PMID- 6780729 TI - Steroid sulphate secretion by the human ovary in vitro: influence of gonadotrophins, cyclofenil and clomiphene. PMID- 6780730 TI - Presence of three different estradiol binding proteins in rat prostate cytosol. PMID- 6780731 TI - A review of in vitro testicular steroidogenesis in rodents, monkeys and humans. PMID- 6780732 TI - Effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition on tumor response to chemotherapy in experimental animals. AB - The effects of oral and intravenous nutrition on host and tumor responses to graded doses of methotrexate (MTX) were evaluated in 150 adult Sprague-Dawley rats. All animals were inoculated with Walker-256 carcinosarcoma and were fed a regular diet for ten days before assigning them to three dietary groups. Group I (n = 64) received a constant intravenous infusion of 30% dextrose-5% amino acids (IVH), group II (n = 64) received an identical solution orally ad libitum, and group III (n = 22) received a regular diet ad libitum. Animals in groups I and II were then divided into three subgroups each that received either 20 mg/kg, 40 mg/kg, or 60 mg/kg of MTX intramuscularly. Ten days later, all surviving animals were killed. Animals fed the 30% dextrose-5% amino acid diet orally and given 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of MTX lost slightly less body weight when compared with their IVH counterparts. In the 60 mg/kg treatment group, orally fed animals lost 52 gm of body weight compared with 23 gm in IVH animals. IVH rats given 20 mg/kg and 40 mg/kg of MTX demonstrated significant inhibition of tumor growth and decreased tumor weight/body weight ratios when compared with orally fed rats. No improvement in tumor response to 60 mg/kg of MTX was observed, however, when IVH animals were compared with orally fed rats. In a second study, nutrient intake was maintained at a constant level by intravenous infusion in one group and intrajejunal infusion in another group of tumor-bearing rats. Host and tumor responses to 20 mg/kg of MTX were similar in both groups of animals. PMID- 6780733 TI - Immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin receptors associated with human malignant tumors. AB - Over the past five years 86 malignant tumors were assayed for cell surface IgG, elutable Ag-Ab complexes, and/or cell surface Fc receptors. Surface IgG was measured by indirect radioimmunoassay, using single-cell suspensions and tumor eluates. Fc receptors in tissue sections were identified by the closed chamber technique. The results confirm our previous finding that human tumors are coated in vivo with IgG and that there is a population of cells within solid tumors capable of binding Ag-Ab complexes. In addition, Ag-Ab complexes appear to attach to the cell surface membrane by the Fc zone of antibody. Ag-Ab binding was inhibited by antibody raised against the tumor. Indirect complement consumption assay indicated the presence of Ag-Ab complexes in tumor eluates. It appears that most cell surface immunoglobulin is complexed. PMID- 6780734 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of beta-lactamase producing strains of gonococci]. PMID- 6780735 TI - Idiopathic ("congenital") spinal arachnoid diverticula. Clinical diagnosis and surgical results. AB - We reviewed the clinical records of all the patients examined at the Mayo Clinic who were operated on and found to have arachnoid diverticula of he cervical and thoracolumbar regions of the spinal column. Only patients whose lesion did not have a traumatic cause were selected for a study. There were 21 patients: 20 had been operated on at the Mayo Clinic and 1 was seen 43 years after surgery done elsewhere. The symptoms associated with the thoracolumbar lesions were, in order of decreasing frequency, pain, weakness, gait disorder, sensory symptoms, and sphincter dysfunction. The conditions associated with thoracic arachnoid diverticula included congenital pigmented nevus, diastematomyelia, multiple sclerosis, Marfan's syndrome, and syringomyelia. PMID- 6780736 TI - Making hard choices in the 97th Congress: opting for a prudent buyer approach. PMID- 6780737 TI - [Exposed fistulas of the small bowel in childhood (25 cases)]. PMID- 6780738 TI - [Intestinal fistulas in evisceration. Therapeutic considerations apropos of 10 cases]. PMID- 6780739 TI - [Exposed intestinal fistulas in evisceration. Place of parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6780740 TI - [Serious enterocutaneous fistulas. Reinstillation of digestive chyme apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6780741 TI - [Exposed intestinal fistulas and peritonitis. Treatment]. PMID- 6780742 TI - [Serological diagnosis of Listeria infections. Optimal conditions for conduction of the hemagglutination test]. PMID- 6780743 TI - [Diagnosis of human Nocardia infection by current methods]. PMID- 6780744 TI - [Lateral pharyngeal pouches (author's transl)]. AB - Lateral pharyngeal "pouches" in young men are described. They are not to be confused with true laryngeal cells as often mentioned in the literature. The radiographic diagnostic of the pharyngeal "pouches" after barium swallow together with the Valsalva test is demonstrated in review of the own casuistic. Increased intraluminal pressure caused by instrument- and glassblowers may be an etiologic factor as well as an acquired defect in the lateral pharyngeal wall. PMID- 6780745 TI - [Resolution of cholesterol-gallstone with a modified Capmul 8210-emulsion and with an EDTA solution (author's transl)]. AB - Cholesterol stones in the bile duct may be resolved by applying Capmul 8210 (Cholesterol-caprylic acid ester) by way of T-drain or through a gastro-biliary tube. Results of in vitro experiments and a case reported do show, that an alternating irrigation with a specially prepared solution of glycerooctonate with bile salt-EDTA-solution will yield better results than Capmul 8210 alone. The advantage of this alternating therapy results from the fact, that calcium bilirubinate may be resolved in addition to the other components of the gallstones, and that side effects are rarer and less disturbing than side effects caused by Capmul 8210. PMID- 6780746 TI - [Impact of carbon dioxide laser beams on the teeth. Observation with scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 6780747 TI - [Treatment of migraine]. PMID- 6780748 TI - [Diverticulosis of the female urethra]. PMID- 6780749 TI - [Adenine nucleotide and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid in the erythrocytes of persons chronically exposed to carbon dioxide]. AB - In 67 viscose industry workers exposed to carbon disulphide, the concentration of adenine nucleotides and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in erythrocytes was evaluated. No statistically significant differences were found between the CS2-exposed and control groups. A multivariate analysis demonstrated that an increase in the concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and adenosine monophosphatic acid with prolonged work in CS2 exposure mainly results from changes dependent on subjects' age. PMID- 6780750 TI - SCE frequency in malnourished mice. AB - The effect of induced protein deficiency on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency in experimental protein energy malnutrition (PEM) was investigated. Malnourished mice exhibited significantly elevated SCE levels in their bone marrow cells. A step-wise increase in this frequency was also observed with decreasing protein content. PMID- 6780751 TI - Ferritinemia with subnormal iron stores in lysinuric protein intolerance. AB - To study the mechanism of ferritinemia in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI), an autosomal recessive disorder of diamino acid transport, we made a histologic evaluation of intracellular iron and/or ferritin in bone marrow and liver aspirates of 21 patients. We found no stainable iron in bone marrow cells. This was also the case in the liver in 8/9 of the patients. The hepatocytes were negative for ferritin particles in electron microscopy. The ferritin half-time in plasma was computed from the decrease in serum ferritin concentration during partial exchange transfusion. In the two patients tested the values were prolonged (95 and 65 min). We give evidence that in LPI serum ferritin is increased disproportionately to the size of iron stores in bone marrow reticulum cells and in the hepatocytes. We speculate that this inappropriate ferritinemia is due to impaired uptake of ferritin from plasma. PMID- 6780752 TI - Insulin resistance and monoclonal gammopathy. AB - Two maturity-onset diabetic patients developed severe insulin resistance during the course of monoclonal gammopathies. One patient had Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and the other had multiple myeloma with IgA gammopathy. The maximum insulin binding capacity (MIBC) was 121 U/liter and 54.7 U/liter, respectively, during insulin resistance. The clinical courses of insulin resistance paralleled the activity of the monoclonal gammopathies (MG) with the insulin resistance disappearing after the monoclonal gammopathies were controlled. Six other diabetic patients with concurrent insulin resistance and monoclonal gammopathies are reviewed. PMID- 6780753 TI - TSH response to TRH in euthyroid, hypercholesterolemic patients treated with graded doses of dextrothyroxine. AB - In an attempt to determine the minimum dose of D-Thyroxine (D-T4) which will suppress pituitary TSH response to TRH, we have treated 6 euthyroid, hypercholesterolemic patients with graded doses of D-T4. TSH response was suppressed in 3 patients with 3 mg and in the remaining 3 patients with 4 mg D-T4 administered once daily. The mean TSH suppressive dose of 3.5 mg, as determined in this study, is considerably less than the 6 mg daily dose given to patients treated with D-T4 in the Coronary Drug Project. This suggests that the adverse effects observed with D-T4 treatment in the Coronary Drug Project may have been due to mild, undetected hyperthryroidism. D-T4 treatment in our patients was not associated with an increase in heart rate or ventricular ectopic beats as determined by Holter monitoring. However, bile samples obtained at the time of TSH suppression showed a significant increase in lithogenic index. In four patients, TSH suppressive doses of D-T4 were associated with a 12% decrease in mean cholesterol and a 17% decrease in mean LDL cholesterol concentrations. PMID- 6780754 TI - Endocrine function in human obesity. PMID- 6780755 TI - Membrane binding of bacteriophage SPP1 DNA. AB - A fast sedimenting complex was isolated from B. subtilis cells infected with bacteriophage SPP1 by renografin centrifugation. This complex was identified as membrane bound parental and replicating SPP1 DNA. Synthesis of SPP1 DNA takes place in close association with the membrane. This newly synthesized DNA is then released into the cytoplasm. During release, concatemeric SPP1 DNA is sized into monomeric DNA molecules. PMID- 6780756 TI - Regulation of the synthesis of nucleoside catabolic enzymes in Escherichia coli: further analysis of a deo Oc mutant strain. AB - Four genes, deoA, deoB, deoC, and deoD, involved in the synthesis of nucleoside and deoxynucleoside catabolic enzymes, are located contiguously in the order C-A B-D on the linkage map of E. coli. They constitute two overlapping operons, one transcribing all the four genes and the other deoB and deoD. To the left of deoC are located two promoter-operator regions in the order deoPO-cytPO. They are involved in controlling the expression of the tetracistronic mRNA. For efficient binding of RNA polymerase at the cytPO site the cAMP+CRP complex is required, whereas binding of RNA polymerase at the deoPO site is independent of this complex. Evidence is available for the existence of yet another controlling site, PO-3, located between deoA and deoB; this controls the expression of deoB and deoD. Both the operons are transcribed in a clockwise direction. An operator constitutive (Oc) type mutant affecting the synthesis of all four deo enzymes has been analysed. Because of this mutation the strain has become insensitive to catabolite repression. The results confirm the order of the gene in the controlling region to be deoPO-cytPO and the mutation, previously analysed as a deletion, appears to have deleted cytPO deoC region of the chromosome. PMID- 6780757 TI - Mistranslation in cells infected with the bacteriophage MS2: direct evidence of Lys for Asn substitution. AB - The coat protein of the bacteriophage MS2 was found to show an increased level of charge heterogeneity when synthesized in Escherichia coli starved for Asn or Lys. No such increase was found when the host was starved for Arg, His Ile or Pro. This is the pattern predicted by "two-out-of-three" codon misreading in the coat protein gene. In the case of Asn starvation, direct measurements of the relative incorporation of Lys demonstrate that the observed charge heterogeneity is the result of mistranslation. Asn starvation increased the error frequency in coat protein to over 0.3 mistake per asparagine codon. The small amount of charge heterogeneity seen in unstarved cells seems also to be the result of misreading Asn codons. PMID- 6780758 TI - Specific response of Escherichia coli K12 sfiA mutants to the presence of ethyl ester of N-alpha-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine dihydrochloride (PLL) in a nutrient medium. AB - N-alpha-palmitoyl-L-lysyl-L-lysine dihydrochloride ethyl ester (PLL) in sublethal doses (6--12.5 microgram/ml) inhibits cell division in E. coli K12 strains C600, JM1, and derivatives of JM1 carrying mutations tif-1, tif-1, sfiA, tif-1 sfiB and sfiB in conditions which do not induces SOS functions. Only sfiA mutants divide normally in the presence of PLL. This response enables direct discrimination between phenotypes of sfiA and sfiB and moreover, also the selection of spontaneous mutants sfiA in a tif+ (recA+) genetic background. The PLL mediated inhibition of cell division in tif-1 sfiA double mutants may indicate that the recA gene product plays a role in the restoration of cell division by sfiA. PMID- 6780759 TI - Comparison between rDNA magnification and bb lethal mutation frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Unequal mitotic sister strand crossing over has been evoked to explain the occurrence of phenotypically bb+ males in the progeny of phenotypically bobbed males during magnification. If this is the case, complementary bbl loci should be obtained together with the bb+. To test this hypothesis we compared the frequency of bb lethal mutations in the sperms of bb males with the percentages of phenotypically bb+ males obtained during magnification of these bb males. We then compared these values with those occurring in phenotypically bb+ control males. We found that, while the number of bb+ males obtained during magnification, though variable, is high, the bb lethal mutation occurs at a very low frequency in all the genetic conditions, whatever the phenotype of the parental male. PMID- 6780760 TI - Bacteriophage phi 29 infection of Bacillus subtilis minicells. AB - Bacteriophage phi 29 can infect B. subtilis minicells and synthesize all the phage-coded proteins detected in ultraviolet irradiated-infected B. subtilis cells. Synthesis of phage unit-length DNA has been obtained after infection of minicells with phi 29. The DNA can be encapsulated in particles with a sedimentation rate similar to that of phage phi 29 produced in B. subtilis cells. The particles produced in minicells can be adsorbed to B. subtilis cells, but infectivity has not been demonstrated because of the very low burst-size obtained. PMID- 6780761 TI - Mapping of virginiamycin S resistance in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Resistance to virginiamycin S (VS, a type B synergimycin) has been mapped in Bacillus subtilis. Transduction experiments with phage PBS1 indicate that the gene for virginiamycin S resistance (VSR) is cotransduced with the markers pur A16 (20%) and cys A14 (46-49%). Transformation experiments indicate that the gene for virginiamycin S resistance maps between the markers for elongation factor G and erythromycin resistance, and is therefore located within the gene cluster of ribosomal proteins. PMID- 6780762 TI - [Molecular nitrogen fixation by methane-oxidizing bacteria]. PMID- 6780763 TI - [Dynamics of chlortetracycline synthesis by Actinomyces aureofaciens 633 FU]. PMID- 6780764 TI - [Conditions for creating a persistent A/swine/1976/31 infection in cell cultures]. PMID- 6780765 TI - [Biological properties of the type A(H1N1) influenza virus strains isolated in 1977-1978 in Kiev]. PMID- 6780766 TI - [Hydrogen bacteria in gnotobionts]. PMID- 6780767 TI - [Tuberculostatic activity of nonspecific antibiotics]. PMID- 6780768 TI - [Melanin-synthesizing cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Kiev]. PMID- 6780769 TI - [Pyocine types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients in Diyarbakir (author's transl)]. AB - 240 Ps. aeruginosa strains were isolated from patients in Diyarbakir, 198 (82.5%) were typed, 42 (17.5%) could not been typed with Gillies-Govan Method. Pyocine type 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 18, 24, 27, 31, 37 were found. Pyocine type 3 (23.8%) was more frequent than others. PMID- 6780770 TI - Undergraduate education in the cost-effective use of laboratory and radiological investigations in clinical decision-making. AB - This paper describes a strategy for helping students to learn about laboratory and radiological investigations in diagnosis and management, and to make decisions about the use of investigations, taking into account such features as safety, patient comfort and cost. Learning takes place through the use of a programmed text, in which students commit decisions to paper, and then receive feedback on the results of their decisions. Acceptability to students and teaching staff has been evaluated, and future developments of the strategy are outlined. PMID- 6780771 TI - Long-term oestrogen usage and the postmenopausal woman. PMID- 6780773 TI - Fine-bore enteral feeding. PMID- 6780772 TI - Enzymological diagnosis of a group of lysosomal storage diseases. Review of 5 year experience of 1600 patient-sample referrals. AB - Lysosomal acid hydrolase activities have been measured in extracts of peripheral blood leucocytes of approximately 1600 patients referred from throughout Australia, each of whom was suspected of having a neurolipidosis. Assays for 12 different lysosomal enzymes were performed on each patient as a routine; ten assay systems were based on commercially available substrates, and four used radiolabelled glycosphingolipids prepared in our own laboratory. Of the 85 patients with positive results, 81 were diagnosed as being homozygous-deficient for a particular lysosomal enzyme. These patients comprised nine with GM1 gangliosidosis, 12 with GM2-gangliosidosis (11 of Tay-Sachs' disease and one of Sandhoff's disease), 18 with trihexosylceramide lipidosis (Fabry's disease), eight with beta-galactosylceramide lipidosis (Krabbe's disease), 14 with beta glucosylceramide lipidosis (Gaucher's disease), two with sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease), 13 with metachromatic leucodystrophy and five with alpha mannosidosis. In addition, four patients were diagnosed as being affected with mucolipidosis Type II (I-cell disease), based on elevated plasma lysosomal enzyme activities, making a total of 85 homozygous-affected patients. Clinically the patients showed wide phenotypic variability within each of the enzyme-deficient states, which did not appear to correlate with the level of "residual" enzyme activity in their leucocyte extracts. PMID- 6780774 TI - [Cytogenetic action of versenate (Na2-Ca-EDTA) in subjects with normal and increased blood lead levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780775 TI - Effect of zinc supplementation during chelation therapy in plumbism: a case report. PMID- 6780776 TI - Intensive chemotherapy for metastatic neuroblastoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Thirty-three children with Evans stage IV neuroblastoma were treated with an intensive chemotherapy regimen reported by Helson to be highly effective. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the toxic regimen was manageable by different investigators and to increase the sample of patients. Remission induction therapy consisted of courses repeated every four weeks: Cyclophosphamide (CTX) 80 mg/kg IV, with IV fluids, and furosemide on days 1 and 2; vincristine (VCR) 0.03 mg/kg IV 12 hours after cyclophosphamide; trifluoro methyl-2-deoxyridine (F3TdR) 45 mg/kg IV push, and papaverine (PAP) 45 mg/kg (12 hour infusion) under cardiac monitoring on days 3 and 4. Initially during maintenance, courses of therapy were reduced to two days. Because this was found to be ineffective therapy, the courses were extended to four days. Some of the patients who achieved response were removed from the protocol and placed on different maintenance therapy. Seventeen of 21 children newly diagnosed and 6/12 children previously treated for metastatic neuroblastoma achieved partial or complete remission. Eight of 16 newly diagnosed patients achieving response are still alive, six without evidence of disease for periods of time ranging from 20 to 41 months. The median of the administered drug dosages was 100% of the recommended dosages. Seventy percent of the 229 courses given were initiated at correct interval. Therapy had to be delayed on the others because of toxicity. The value of the four-drug combination is limited because of side effects related to myelosuppression which resulted in severe complications and frequent hospitalizations. PMID- 6780777 TI - A method for calculating megavoltage x-ray dose and dose parameters. AB - Limitations of the most commonly used dose calculation methodologies as apply to medium and high-energy x rays are discussed. A method is presented whereby the dose to a point in medium is divided into several components with expressions given for various components. The depth of transient-charged particle equilibrium is chosen as the reference point. Equations are derived for calculating and relating the dose parameters including the percent depth dose, the tissue reference ratio, and the scatter-reference ratio. Particular emphasis is placed on the accuracy and adequacy of the technique in the region of buildup. The applicability of the present method to megavoltage photons is established for a number of x-ray beams in the range 4-45 MeV maximum energy. PMID- 6780778 TI - Concerning dose buildup at the air-tissue interface. PMID- 6780780 TI - [Effect of the reconstitution liquid of a formulated milk on peptidase and beta galactosidase activity in vitro]. PMID- 6780779 TI - [A case of neonatal hemophilia A with massive subneural hemorrhage]. PMID- 6780781 TI - Comparative effects of methyl- and ethylnitrosourea on DNA directing cell-free DNA-dependent synthesis of beta-galactosidase. PMID- 6780782 TI - Neonatal imprinting and hepatic cytochrome P-450. I. Comparison of testosterone hydroxylation in a reconstituted system between neonatally imprinted and nonimprinted rats. PMID- 6780783 TI - Nucleolar cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6780784 TI - Insulin action in intact mouse diaphragm. I. Activation of glycogen synthase through stimulation of sugar transport and phosphorylation. AB - The incubation of intact mouse diaphragms with insulin caused a dose and time dependent increase in the independent activity of glycogen synthase in tissue extracts. 2-deoxyglucose (2-10 mM) alone markedly stimulated the conversion of glycogen synthase to the independent activity under conditions in which tissue ATP concentrations were not affected. The incubation of diaphragms with both insulin and 2-deoxyglucose resulted in a greater than additive effect. Insulin stimulated the uptake of 2-deoxyglucose into mouse diaphragms, accumulating as 2 deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate correlated well with the increase in the independent activity of glycogen synthase and with the activation of glycogen synthase phosphatase in tissue extracts. The uptake of 3-0 methyl glucose was also markedly stimulated by insulin, without affecting the activity of glycogen synthase. Both glucose-6 phosphate and 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate stimulated the activation of endogenous glycogen synthase phosphatase activity in muscle homogenates. We conclude that insulin, in addition to its effects in the absence of exogenous sugars, increases the independent activity of glycogen synthase through increased sugar transport resulting in increased concentrations of sugar-phosphates which promote the activity of glycogen synthase phosphatase. PMID- 6780785 TI - Altered antigenic expressions of human C3 and C5, their subunits and fragments following exposure to denaturing conditions. PMID- 6780786 TI - Non-covalent association of heavy and light chains of human immunoglobulin G: studies using light chain labelled with a fluorescent probe. PMID- 6780787 TI - Amino acid sequence of the lambda type light chain of a human IgGl myeloma protein (MOT) with unusual antigenicity: a possible new subgroup of lambda chain having a unique N-terminal sequence. PMID- 6780788 TI - Immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 6780789 TI - [Peptic esophagitis]. PMID- 6780790 TI - [Interdisciplinary measures]. PMID- 6780791 TI - [Organ transplantation in the present legal situation]. PMID- 6780792 TI - [Renal transplantation in Munich. Present status (author's transl)]. AB - In the last four years 125 renal transplantations were performed at the Transplantation Center in Munich. The mortality rate after transplantation could be lowered to below 10% in the first year; on the other hand the rate of loss of transplants observed in the Center was 40% in the same period. After mentioning the individual surgical complications following renal transplantation with reference to our own patients. The effect of blood transfusions on the survival time of the transplant is dealt with. It was found that transplant survival rate increased with the rise in the number of blood transfusions before the transplantation. PMID- 6780793 TI - [Fractures of the bone shaft. Indication and choice of procedure]. PMID- 6780794 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome recurrence. Errors resulting from surgery]. PMID- 6780795 TI - [Reconstructive breast surgery following mastectomy. Indication and choice of procedure]. PMID- 6780796 TI - [The peculiarities of the iliosacral joints]. PMID- 6780797 TI - [Solitary rectal ulcer: differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6780798 TI - [Harmfulness of long-term therapy]. PMID- 6780799 TI - [Drug-induced disturbances of the coagulation system (author's transl)]. AB - Side-effects of longterm therapy on the coagulation system become manifest either as hemorrhages or as an increased risk of thromboembolism. The most frequent drug induced coagulation defect is thrombopathia. The most important drug-induced plasmatic coagulation disorders are caused by anti-coagulants and therefore predictable. In patients exposed to hemorrhage risk, non-steroidal antiphlogistics are not contraindicated since they entail inhibition of platelet aggregation and prolonged hemorrhage time. High doses of penicillin G and the semisynthetic penicillins can lead to hemorrhage in patients with renal insufficiency. Corticosteroids and contraceptives however tend to induce hypercoagulability. PMID- 6780800 TI - [Side-effects of corticosteroid therapy (author's transl)]. AB - In reviewing the unwanted effects and side-effects of corticosteroid therapy, the principle guidelines for their use and contraindications are dealt with. Then the effects of a pharmacodynamic therapy on the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fat and also the mineral balance are discussed and e.g. steroid diabetes, osteoporosis and myopathies are gone into. At the same time, the special properties of the various synthetic derivatives of cortisol, cortisone and corticosterone are referred to. Besides undesirable complications of corticosteroids in the gastrointestinal region, blood clotting and the influence on the course of infections and the psychic behavior, the side-effects on the skin and eyes are discussed. In closing, suggestions on the general measures of supervision and information of the patient are given. The principle of therapeutic decision is finally benefit: assessment of the risk to each patient. PMID- 6780801 TI - [Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 1. General technical prerequisites and error possibilities in blood pressure determination]. PMID- 6780802 TI - [Problems and errors in the measurement and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 4. New developments in indirect blood pressure determination]. PMID- 6780803 TI - [Duodenal diverticulitis]. PMID- 6780804 TI - [Intracutaneous and subcutaneous cavernous hemangioma. Conservative and surgical therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Hemangioma are the most frequently occurring benign tumors in infants and children. Current therapeutical recommendations are discussed on the basis of observations on 1015 patients of this age group who were treated at the Childrens' Surgical Hospital in Munich from 1956 to 1976. Intervention during the first three months of life is indicated for intracutaneous hemangioma in the ano genital area as well as for subcutaneous and pedunculated forms. Starting at walking age, prominent tumors of the pilose scalp and lid hemangioma should be excised. In all other forms, spontaneous remission, which usually occurs after 3 to 4 years, should be waited for. Appropriate guidance of parents is necessary in this case. We advise against irradiation of hemangioma. PMID- 6780805 TI - [Sensation disorders following saphenous vein excision]. PMID- 6780806 TI - [Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 5. Standardized measuring of blood pressure in mmHg or kPa?]. PMID- 6780807 TI - [Gastroenteritis with fever in a traveler returning from the tropics--simple virus infection or malaria tropica?]. PMID- 6780808 TI - [Minerals in nutrition]. PMID- 6780809 TI - [The significance of magnesium in medicine. (I) Biological function, homeostasis, ingestion and excretion (author's transl)]. AB - Magnesium (Mg) has numerous biological functions, one of the most important being its role in the metabolism of ATP. In addition it is a significant structural element in DNA and membranes. Parathormone and metabolites of vitamin D affect Mg homeostasis. The intestinal absorption depends principally on the amount and availability of the Mg in the diet. The Mg content of the organism is effectively regulated on the other hand by adaptation of the renal excretion. PMID- 6780810 TI - [The significance of magnesium in medicine. (II) Disturbances of magnesium metabolism and their treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is common in diseases of the digestive tract and alcoholism, in diuretic therapy, hypocalcemia and as a congenital disturbance of absorption. The symptoms are particularly related to the heart and nervous system, but are not characteristic. Excess of Mg is observed in advanced renal failure. Compensation of the Mg deficiency partly explains the success of Mg in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive and neuropsychiatric diseases. Parenteral feeding must contain adequate Mg. Important fields of application of Mg are the treatment of peptic ulcer and its use as a laxative. PMID- 6780811 TI - [Phosphate deficiency syndrome. Prevalence and clinical picture]. PMID- 6780812 TI - [Visual evoked potentials in cerebrovascular disorders. Results of a comparative study]. PMID- 6780813 TI - [Bioavailability of cimetidine after partial gastrectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Absorption characteristics of cimetidine were studied in 10 patients after Billroth I and 12 patients after Billroth II gastrectomy and compared with 9 patients without gastric disease. The onset of absorption after 400 mg cimetidine was identical in all groups, but peak plasma concentrations occurred somewhat (18%) later in B I and significantly (42%) later in B II patients (p less than 0.05). Plasma half life was not different between the 3 groups. The area under the plasma level curve as a measure for bioavailability was significantly increased in the two gastrectomy groups (17% and 23%, resp.). In addition, the duration of effective plasma concentrations above 0.5 microgram/ml was significantly prolonged in the two groups. PMID- 6780814 TI - [Jean Riolan the Younger, 1580-1657]. PMID- 6780815 TI - [Phlebitis migrans in pancreas carcinoma - differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6780816 TI - [Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 7. Blood pressure determination in obesity]. PMID- 6780818 TI - [Trace elements in nutrition]. PMID- 6780817 TI - [Varicella infections in pregnancy]. PMID- 6780819 TI - [Mass radiography. The "pros and cons" of a classic method of preventive medicine (author's transl)]. AB - The relation of expense to benefit of mass radiography (RRU) can no longer be referred to the tuberculosis discovery rate. Far more frequently other thoracic diseases are detected, e.g. tumors, cardiovascular diseases, pneumoconiosis, sarcoidosis, etc. The prerequisite and therefore the immediate objective is the limitation to the defined and detectable group of risks so as to increase the detection rate. In combination with other prophylactic investigations the benefit of RRU can still be increased -- it provides a valuable insight into the epidemiology of different social diseases. PMID- 6780820 TI - [Epidemiology and clinic of meningococcal infections. Indications for immunization]. PMID- 6780821 TI - [Ciguatera (author's transl)]. AB - Ciguatera poisoning may occur after eating fish, mainly in the Caribbean, Pacific and Indian Ocean regions. It is caused by a toxin from a marine protozoon accumulating in fish via the food intake. The symptoms, consisting of severe gastrointestinal and neurologic manifestations, develop within a few hours; fatalities are rare. There is no specific therapy, symptomatic treatment is indicated. The disease is widely unknown in temperate climates but due to the increasing international travel the physician may be confronted with this kind of fish poisoning. PMID- 6780822 TI - [Influenza A virus infection, a precipitating factor for the major heart attack (author's transl)]. AB - A report on 5 men aged from 53 to 75 years whose clinical symptoms were characterized by a major attack. There was a striking temporal relationship between the onset of this and an influenza infection which, in these 5 patients with chronic heart diseases led to a severe, and in the youngest patient, even to a fatal course. In an acute heart attack it seems rational to take into consideration an acute influenza virus infection as a precipitating factor in existing chronic heart disease and to institute virological studies. PMID- 6780823 TI - [The effects of various reducing diets in adiposity (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of three different hypocaloric diets on serum electrolytes, metabolites and enzyme activities were investigated for 3 weeks in 40 overweight patients. A 600 kcal mixed diet was as effective with regard to daily weight reduction as complete fasting or a low-energy protein diet. Only the patients of the last two groups complained of orthostatic dysregulation, nausea, headache and dryness of the skin. Neither a decrease in serum potassium, an increase in creatinine nor any other side-effects were observed in the mixed diet group. - Since the 600 kcal mixed diet can be carried out under ambulant conditions it is preferable to the other reducing diets. PMID- 6780824 TI - [Diagnosis and course of a drug-induced type III allergy. Behavior of complement as an important parameter]. PMID- 6780825 TI - [Clearance determination with 131I-labelled hippurate (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the iodine not bound to the nuclear drug 131I hippurate on nuclear medical renal diagnosis by means of whole body clearance has been investigated. The results show that whatever clearance method is used, the tubular secretion performance decreases with increasing free iodine. This results in considerable error if the free iodine in the nuclear drug is not taken into account in the clearance calculation. PMID- 6780826 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is a rare occurrence. Etiologically, a rise in pressure in the gullet far above the physiological extent is prominent with the result that the wall of the esophagus bursts in the distal third. Usually an enormous meal has been taken previously, with large amounts of alcohol. Repeated severe vomiting, often accompanied by diarrhea, may give rise to increased pressure in the distal esophagus which triggers the bursting mechanism. With one of our patients as an example, after a short description of the diagnosis the early indication for operation is seen to be decisive. The surgical method of choice is the over-suture of the rupture site and thoracic drainage. In contrast to spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, instrumental perforations of this organ are usually treated conservatively. PMID- 6780827 TI - [Determination of depth of infiltration of of vesical tumors by intravesical ultrasonic tomography (author's transl)]. AB - A prerequisite for the therapeutic procedure in bladder carcinoma is the determination of the depth of infiltration and extent of the tumor. This is possible by means of intravesical ultrasonic tomography as studies in 19 patients with vesical tumors of different sizes and extent showed. Histologically verified infiltration depths correlated with the intravesical ultrasonic findings in all cases so far. A statement on the percentage accuracy of the sonographic findings is not yet possible because of the small number of cases so far. PMID- 6780828 TI - [Problems and mistakes in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 8. Blood pressure determination in children]. PMID- 6780829 TI - [Angiodysplasia of the ileum]. PMID- 6780830 TI - [Catastrophe medicine in Germany. Critical evaluation]. PMID- 6780831 TI - [Catastrophe medicine. General principles]. AB - Catastrophe medicine is the organization of masses under difficult conditions. The present article is concerned with the competence and organization in the event of a catastrophe and describes the phasic course of a catastrophe situation. The most important element of effective first aid measures, screening for shock and pain treatment, and first surgical treatment and the principles of ballistic factors are dealt with. Particular attention is given to the evacuation of emergency patients from the scene of the catastrophe. A request is made for " Catastrophe medicine" to be included by the medical faculties and educational institutes in their course of study for paramedical personnel. PMID- 6780832 TI - [Massive injuries and triage]. PMID- 6780833 TI - [Traumatology in catastrophies. Care of the injured, reaction to catastrophe consequences]. PMID- 6780834 TI - [Individual reactions, summation phenomena and collective reactions]. AB - If a chance accumulation or a strictly ordained society of people feels threatened in its economic, ideologio-religious or psychological existence, more frequently occurring individual reactions such as pathologically increased anxiety, fear and terror may become new symptoms; of particular community, the "summation phenomenon". This includes especially general unrest, a mood of crisis and readiness to panic. In a mass of humanity all requisites for the development of a panic are present. This can develop acutely, as a weak abortive failure, but it may also be chronic. Measures to prevent or control panic may only be successful if they take into consideration the genesis and nature of individually varied panics. PMID- 6780835 TI - [Pharmacy in the event of catastrophe]. AB - Pharmacy in the event of catastrophe is a field which has so far been little worked on. A good grounding in the knowledge of catastrophe medicine is necessary. A list of the most important drugs, dressings and medical aids for use in the event of a catastrophe is given. Legal measures, appropriate literature and the need for constant information, advanced training and good organizational preparation of the pharmacist and pharmacies is referred to. PMID- 6780836 TI - [Catastrophe hygiene]. AB - The fields covered by the hygiene programs are tabulated. These are often disturbed to a considerable extent by catastrophe. With reference to the course of catastrophes a review is given of hygienic measures which the public health service must carry out. The necessity for hospital hygiene which also must be based on the Regulations for the Prevention of Accidents "Health Service" in case of accident is referred to. The rationale and purpose of vaccinations and antibiotics are discussed. PMID- 6780837 TI - [Influenza vaccination of risk patients with trivalent split virus vaccine and subunit vaccine]. PMID- 6780838 TI - [Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 9. Blood pressure: normal, borderline, high, necessitating treatment]. PMID- 6780839 TI - [Primary, chronic calcifying pancreatitis: differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6780840 TI - [Premorbidity. Intervention in the early period of disease]. PMID- 6780841 TI - [Prophylaxis of thromboembolism in abdominal surgery. Comparison of low dose heparin, acetylsalicylic acid and their combination (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of the study was to compare the effect of three possibilities of prophylaxis of thromboembolism: low dose heparin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and a combination of the two. The evaluation of the clinical observations showed no significant differences between the three prophylaxis groups. The iodine fibrinogen test showed no different reaction with regard to the leg, a superiority of ASA in the thigh was suggested, at least in our random samples. Whether this observation is the reason why the frequency of fatal pulmonary emboli can be reduced by ASA is discussed. The complete calculation points to a superiority for ASA here. The size of the selected samples is, however, too small for more definite statements. PMID- 6780842 TI - [Accident surgery of the base of the skull and neighboring pneumatic spaces. ENT standpoint (author's transl)]. AB - 68% of all head injuries are due to traffic accidents which lead to fatal injuries of the base of the skull in 40% (70% in motorcycle accidents). Two thirds of the deaths in traffic accidents occur as a result of a frontobasal and laterobasal skull fractures with involvement of the pneumatic spaces. ENT requires that every head injury, particularly those involving base of the skull fractures, be promptly presented to an otorhinologic surgeon, and, if necessary, actively treated extracranially as comprehensively as possible. Cooperation of all specialties is particularly important because only such a team can draw up an optimal plan of therapy. PMID- 6780843 TI - [Diseases of the ileocecal valve (author's transl)]. AB - Diseases of the ileocecal valve are rare. Symptoms are caused by intestinal obstruction resulting from an enlargement of Bauhini's valve. The diagnosis in confirmed by x-ray. Only coloscopy and biopsy can verify the nature of the neoplasm. Regional ileocecal resection is the treatment of choice for benign lesions. In cancerous lesions hemi-colectomy has to be performed. PMID- 6780844 TI - [Thyroid hormone levels after surgical stress reaction (author's transl)]. AB - In a larger collective of surgical patients the behaviour of the individual thyroid parameters (T4, T3, rT3, TBG and thyroxine-binding capacity) were studied before, during and after operation and set in relation to each other. There are significant shifts in T4 metabolism towards the formation of rT3. In spite of its greatly reduced metabolic activity compared with T3, an important regulatory effect is attributed to rT3, in thyroid metabolism in stress situations. PMID- 6780845 TI - [The Noonan syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Noonan's syndrome is a autosomal-dominant inherited clinical condition characterized by nanism, cardiovascular abnormalities, gonadal dysfunction and phenotypical stigmata. The questions of growth, fertility and threat of osteoporosis in the presence of hypogonadism with reference to a case history are discussed. PMID- 6780846 TI - [Reconstruction of benign biliary tract stenoses. Experimental experience with autologous and heterologous transplants (author's transl)]. AB - A pedicled autologous jejunum transplant and a free bovine collagen prosthesis were tried for the treatment of short, benign stenoses of the bile duct in animal experiments. In both cases at follow-up periods of 6--18 months an unrestricted flow of bile was recorded in the plastically dilated bile duct macroscopically, radiologically and by the chemical laboratory. On the basis of these results in animal experiments, 3 patients were treated with a pedicled jejunum transplant for the correction of short benign stenosis of the bile duct following previous cholecystectomy. All the patients are free from complaints after observation periods of 6 months, 1 year and 2 1/2 years. PMID- 6780847 TI - [Reconstruction of benign biliary tract stenosis (II). Clinical experiences with autologous and heterologous transplants]. PMID- 6780848 TI - [History of lung surgery]. PMID- 6780849 TI - [Problems and errors in the measuring and interpretation of blood pressure. Part 12. Patient self-measuring of blood pressure]. PMID- 6780850 TI - [Urogenital bilharziasis - differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6780851 TI - [Glucose tolerance test. Predictive value - remarks on a WHO suggestion]. PMID- 6780852 TI - [Trends in the clinical practice laboratory]. PMID- 6780853 TI - [Disorders of the ability to distinguish colors during digitalis therapy (author's transl)]. AB - 31 hospitalized patients treated with beta-methyl digoxin and 34 treated with beta-acetyl digoxin were examined for color vision disturbances and compared with a control group (n = 17). The serum digoxin concentration was determined radioimmunologically. A significant correlation (p less than 0,01) was found between the severeness of the disturbances in color vision and the concentration of digoxin in the serum. The disturbances concerned different wave length regions. The lapse of time for disturbances in the distinguishing colors is being described in a case of suicidal intoxication. PMID- 6780854 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - 149 patients with acute (n = 75) myocardial infarction and 74 post-infarctions, angiographically confirmed, were investigated by 201T1 myocardial scintigraphy and subsequent radionuclide ventriculography. Quantitative evaluation of the scintigram showed 201T1 storage defects in 92% in the acute stage in 79% in the later stage. The sensitivity of identification of the posterior wall infarction was consistently markedly less than for anterior wall infarctions and could not be increased by additional application of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate. By the combined application of myocardial scintigraphy and radionuclide ventriculography the functional effects of the infarction can be described non-invasively. PMID- 6780855 TI - [Thoracic sonography with the rapid B picture (author's transl)]. AB - The orienting investigation should be a compulsory component of every internist echographic status with the rapid B picture. Besides its diagnostic aspects, thoracic echography with the rapid B picture in the region of the pericardium is also of therapeutic importance for the reliable specific ultrasonic pericardial puncture for the relief a tamponading pericardial effusion. All radiological shadows which are not completely clear must be subjected to echographic assessment before proceeding to more expensive diagnostic measures. This permits the sonographic differentiation between a collection of fluid and a solid structure as far as the shadows are confined to the wall. PMID- 6780856 TI - [B-scan sonography as a screening method in the search for tumors. Results of an investigation of 305 children (author's transl)]. AB - With B-scan sonography a method of investigation is available which is characterized by simple, rapid and painless application, no side effects and which can be repeated as often as desired, thus enabling investigation to be performed in outpatients. In a mass echographic examination of 305 infants, a pathologic finding in the abdominal and retroperitoneal region was detected in 5% of them. A result of our investigations and literature search we believe that B scan echography in experienced hands is a necessary extension of the preventive program as a method of screening in infancy. PMID- 6780857 TI - [Diagnosis of aneurysms of the aorta and its large branches. A clinical pathoanatomical study (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of 67,352 autopsies 516 aorta aneurysms and 112 aneurysms of large branches of the aorta are classified according to their etiology, frequency, size and sex distribution. Cardiological, abdominal and neurological symptoms are predominant clinically. Palpation, auscultation, and X-rays with angiography and echography are still sufficient to arrive at the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. In addition to conservative therapy a surgical intervention should be considered as far as circumstances permit. PMID- 6780858 TI - [Early neuro-otological diagnosis of acoustic neuroma]. PMID- 6780859 TI - [Pharmacotherapy in pregnancy]. PMID- 6780860 TI - [Liver metastasis or toxic liver damage?]. PMID- 6780861 TI - [Therapeutic privileges of the physician: witholding information for the good of the patient]. PMID- 6780862 TI - [Phylogeny and ontogeny of pain]. PMID- 6780863 TI - [Reactions of sympathetic neurons to noxious and non-noxious afferent stimuli. New experiments and overview]. PMID- 6780864 TI - [Sensitivity disturbances in patients with neurological pains (author's transl)]. AB - The classical neurological investigation does not provide a satisfactory basis for a clear assessment in most patients with neuralgia. On the other hand, treatment up to now has remained problematic. In this situation measurements of sensitivity may be of benefit: they permit a precise diagnosis and follow-up of the lesions and moreover enable valuable statements allow on the pain perception of the patient. In this paper, the examination procedures for three types of sensitivity are described: touch, temperature and thermic pain. Examples of their application are discussed. PMID- 6780865 TI - [Psychometrics of experimentally induced pain sensations]. PMID- 6780866 TI - [Relationship between psoriasis and human growth hormone (author's transl)]. AB - The behavior of the capillary bed, increased epidermopoiesis, increased total metabolism of psoriasis efflorescence and its first manifestation, principally in the second decade of life, drew our attention to the behavior of the human growth hormone. A rise in the serum level of the human growth hormone compared with the normal (40 control subjects) significantly correlating with the extent of the skin symptoms, acuteness and therapy was established in the serum by diurnal determination in 70 psoriasis patients. According to this, psoriasis is the etiological consequence of hereditary persistence of production of the human growth hormone with individual penetrance. PMID- 6780867 TI - [Health education of adolescents against tobacco, alcohol and drug consumption. The Rapperswil Study (author's transl)]. AB - In an 8-year longitudinal study, 368 pupils of the Jona-Rapperswil Vocational School aged between 15 and 17 years were subjected to a combined medical educational half-yearly health education action against luxury articles and habit forming substances in groups comprising the classes of each individual year. Before group session 34% were smokers, after the intensive instruction 23%. Before the session 62% drank, afterwards 34% took alcoholic drinks occasionally. No pupil had tried drugs during the six months instruction; the number of drug takers remained constant at 3%. However, the desire to try a drug out of curiosity rose from 22% to 27%. PMID- 6780868 TI - [Psychiatry on the move]. PMID- 6780870 TI - [Concepts of psychotherapy (I) (author's transl)]. AB - Besides outlining the methods, the inherent theory of human psychotherapy and the therapeutic goal are included in this presentation of individually important concepts of psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis explains neuroses as compromises of an intrapsychic and, at least in part unconscious conflict, in which remanent childish object relation patterns are involved. The procedure is consequently designed to permit this unconscious conflict to come to light in the manifestations and resistance reactions towards the therapist, so that they can resolve their pathological effects by abreaction treatment through interpretation work. Other diseases such as narcissitic and border-line disturbances are chiefly regarded psychoanalytically as conditions of defective ego self-structuring. The therapeutic procedure must be adjusted to this. PMID- 6780869 TI - [Present problems of addiction (author's transl)]. AB - First the threatening increase of dependence on alcohol, medicines and illegal drugs is illustrated by reference to some statistics. After consideration of the causes of the increase of diseases of addiction, countermeasures are discussed. Possibilities for the practising doctor and possibilities for clinical treatment including juridical certification are put forward. In the treatment of misuse as a pre-form of addiction, the concept of an addiction group is presented in detail. This group is intended to enable the patient to find a definite place within his development of addiction by a combination of rational information and emotional learning. PMID- 6780871 TI - [Psychiatric family care. The Geel community as an example for future development]. PMID- 6780872 TI - [Granulomatous gastritis]. PMID- 6780873 TI - [Social pharmacology or physician scientific education?]. PMID- 6780874 TI - [Gerontological psychiatry. A proving ground for psychiatry reform]. PMID- 6780875 TI - [Psychiatry in the '80s]. PMID- 6780876 TI - [Present problems of the mentally handicapped (author's transl)]. AB - At the present time mental handicap has become a multidimensional polydisciplinary task. A structurally static consideration of the pathological anatomic data as an unalterable situation due to cerebral organic deficiency or classifying the handicap as a disease is no longer tenable. Therefore training programs with a joint medical and medical pedagogic approach are becoming increasingly important. Yet there still remains much to clarify in causal - and therapeutic - research. The situation of the parents and sublings in the family with a handicapped child is consequently subject to special problems and psychosocial stress. PMID- 6780877 TI - [Suspicion of "black liver"]. PMID- 6780878 TI - [Adjuvant therapy in osteomyelitis and soft tissue infection]. PMID- 6780879 TI - [Surgical therapy of colonic perforation caused by colonic contrast enema]. PMID- 6780881 TI - [Dialogues]. PMID- 6780880 TI - [Psychological guidance of cancer patients]. PMID- 6780882 TI - [Pedagogics in medicine]. PMID- 6780883 TI - [Vaccines against parasites?]. PMID- 6780885 TI - [Incidence of osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 6780886 TI - [Care and management of patients with rectal carcinoma]. PMID- 6780884 TI - [Chagas' disease and its significance for Central and South America (author's transl)]. AB - After the successful struggle against malaria, smallpox and tuberculosis, Chagas' disease must be considered the commonest and most serious scourge of the American continent. Experts assess the number of persons suffering from Chagas' disease at about 7 millions with about 35 millions at risk. The acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi in the blood stream is found chiefly in children in the first few years of life but rarely in adults. Mortality in the acute phase is about 10%. The disease tends to run a chronic course. After an asymptomatic phase (usually 10--12 years), chronic Chagas' myocarditis dominates the chronic form. A great therapeutic advance has been achieved with the nitrofurfurylidene preparation Lampit. For the first time it has become possible to eliminate trypanosomes found in both blood and tissues. Success is particularly to be expected in the treatment of the acute infection. PMID- 6780887 TI - [The problem of continence in surgery of rectal carcinomas]. PMID- 6780888 TI - ["Impossible pregnancy. The greatest caution and discretion should be used in the diagnosis of sterility]. PMID- 6780889 TI - [Man in the condition of weightlessness (author's transl)]. AB - In the space flights by the USA and USSR to date adequate experience has been obtained on the adaptation of man to living conditions in space--with the technical assistance of an artificial protective atmosphere in the space ship or space suit--and to the singular factor of "weightlessness" (microgravity, low gravity) and how he re-adjusts again after returning to a gravitational field. There is no ultimate or absolute physiological barrier for long term space flight -with one exception: decalcification of the skeleton. For short space flights, however, space sickness is a serious disorder. PMID- 6780890 TI - [The effect of weather on odontogenic abscesses (author's transl)]. AB - 596 acute odontogenic abscesses treated from 1974 to 1978 in the Freiburg Dental Clinic have been evaluated from the medical meteorological aspect (decimal classification). Retrospective study of coincidence led to the result that significantly more abscesses occurred on transition from anticyclonic weather conditions to cyclonic conditions with intensified advection of warm air, whereas in weather conditions with cold air advection the incidence of abscesses was distinctly reduced. PMID- 6780891 TI - [Urological complications of the infusion urogram (author's transl)]. AB - Among the patients of a urological clinic, within 5 years 15 cases of spontaneous rupture of the renal calices with urinary extravasation were seen after infusion urograms. At 1.5% of the patients, they are rare. In two cases septicemia with endotoxin shock occurred as unusual complications and in two cases provocation or exacerbation of a pyelonephritis. The clinical picture is described in the case records. Pathophysiological problems, therapeutic possibilities and indications for infusion urography are discussed. PMID- 6780892 TI - [IgM and IgG antibody formation against rabies virus after post-infection immunization]. PMID- 6780893 TI - [Non-invasive derivation of potential of the bundle of His from the body surface (author's transl)]. AB - In 17 of the 28 patients a surface potential of the bundle of His could be differentiated. Pharmacological tests with verapamil and ajmaline raised the number of positive body surface recordings of the bundle of His to 22 out of 30 (=73%). In 11 of the 30 subjects (=37%) depolarizations of the Tawara bundle branches were recorded in addition. Two possible applications of this method are discussed: follow-up of patients with AV-block and supervision of negative dromotropic cardiac medication. PMID- 6780894 TI - [Quantitative measurement of 59Fe-absorption. Comparison between iron labelled Parkevit-Fe and an iron-mono-preparation using a wholebody counter (author's transl)]. AB - The intraindividual bioavailability of two iron preparations, resistant to gastric juice, was investigated in 6 healthy volunteers (3 women, 3 men) at the age of about 50 years. They got 59Fe++ labelled preparations. A wholebody-counter with 3 NaJ(T1)-detectors (5 x 4") was used to measure the 59Fe-absorption. 14 days after application the control-preparation showed an 59Fe++-absorption of 1.7 mg and the test-preparation (Parkevit-Fe) showed an absorption of 2.2 mg. This is 100% more than the daily nutritional absorption = 1 mg. PMID- 6780895 TI - [The dialogue with the physician midway between objectivity and emotion]. PMID- 6780897 TI - [Psychotherapeutic care of dying and critically ill children and their relatives (author's transl)]. AB - In two Munich hospitals experience in the dying and critically ill children was accumulated: according to its stage of development each child experienced fears of death and felt consciously or unconsciously the seriousness of his disease. It seems therefore indispensable that the patients and their relatives should be given psychotherapeutic support. Regular team discussions between nurses, doctors and psychotherapists supplement the therapeutic arrangements and ease the passage through this distressing situation. PMID- 6780896 TI - [Psychotropic drugs for children]. PMID- 6780898 TI - [Psychotherapeutic support for critically ill children. Examples of case histories (author's transl)]. AB - The psychotherapeutic care of dying and critically ill children and their relatives ought to be possible in every childrens' hospital. Therapeutic painting and games, dream-work, katathymic image perception and also autogenous training can be included in the therapeutic scheme. The different methods of procedure are presented with reference to examples of cases. PMID- 6780899 TI - [The psychological consequences of prognathism (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study of 54 prognathic patients the psychological effects of this condition, which occurs typically at puberty, were investigated in postoperative follow-up examinations and the psychological effect of a corrective operation investigated. For this purpose standardized questionnaires and a semistructured psychiatric interview were used. The hypothetically expected personality disturbance of a "dysmorphophobia" was found in only some of our patients. With an inconspicuous premorbid personality they reacted to the psychological trauma of their facial deformity with depressive crises of self assessment in the occupational and private spheres. Here, convincing postoperative improvements occur beside which the "psychological scars" are still recognizable owing to the earlier deformity. PMID- 6780900 TI - [Epicondylitis humeri lateralis, operative technique and results (author's transl)]. AB - Epicondylitis humeri lateralis is caused by excessive strain on the extensors of the forearm. Chronic inflammation of the epicondylus humeri lateralis and irritation of sensitive fibres of the radial nerve result. The pain can be eliminated by Hohmann's operation on the epicondylus humeri lateralis, with complete separation of the forearm extensor roots. Additional denervation of the epicondylus humeri lateralis (A. Wilhelm's method) eliminates the pain sensations due to the disease by interrupting the sensitive nerve fibres of the N. radialis. These two operations are complementary and a combination of both increases the success rate to 90%. PMID- 6780901 TI - [Induction of respiratory defect as a function of energy metabolism regulation (author's transl)]. AB - Metabolic disturbances can often be inferred from the regulation kinetics of glycolysis and energy metabolism. A short oxygen deficit leads to an irreversible change in the regulation system of yeast cells which results in a lower energy level for the cell. At the same time a higher "respiratory defect" mutation rate is also observed. These mutants are manifested by a glycogen deficiency. Furthermore, the entire glycolysis regulation is disturbed. Since these cells sometimes behave like tumour cells, this mutation induction is considered to be one of the molecular biological aspects of the regulation defect. PMID- 6780902 TI - [Preparation of patients with arterial hypertension for surgical interventions]. PMID- 6780903 TI - [Niels Stensen--a scientific pioneer]. PMID- 6780904 TI - [The physician and health education]. PMID- 6780905 TI - [The irritating word: compliance]. PMID- 6780906 TI - [Revised vaccination schedule for children]. PMID- 6780907 TI - Differential effects of acetone or Aroclor 1254 pretreatment on the microsomal activation of dimethylnitrosamine to a mutagen. AB - Pretreatment of mice with acetone enhances the microsomal N-demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) at low substrate concentrations (< 5 mM), while pretreatment with Aroclor 1254 represses this activity at low, but enhances it at high (> 35 mM) DMN concentrations. To relate the activity of DMN demethylase with the mutagenicity of DMN, liver microsomes were isolated aseptically from mice 18 h after acetone (3 ml/kg, ip), 5 days after Aroclor 1254 treatment (500 mg/kg, ip), or after treatment with the appropriate injection vehicles, and incubated with S. typhimurium (TA 1535), NADPH and DMN (1, 3 or 70 mM) for 5 to 60 min. After a 48-h incubation on minimal media, revertants per plate were determined. Microsomes from acetone pretreated mice bioactivated DMN to a mutagen at significantly higher (p < 0.001) levels when incubations were performed at 1 mM DMN. Aroclor-1254 microsomes exhibited a decreased ability to convert DMN to a mutagen at both 1 and 3 mM DMN (p < 0.05) and a significantly higher (p < 0.05) ability at 70 mM DMN. These data and published reports suggest multiple microsomal enzymes for DMN bioactivation and that acetone may enhance the enzyme that operates at environmentally important levels of DMN. PMID- 6780908 TI - Quantitative measures of mutagenicity and mutability based on mutant yield data. AB - We described how mutant yield data (mutants per cell treated) can be used both to compare the mutagenicity of different mutagens, and to characterize the mutability of different cell types. Yield curves reveal the net effect of the lethal and genetic actions of mutagens on cells. Normally, yields are the quantities measured in assays for mutagenesis, and rectilinear plots of such data baldly reveal the amount of experimental error and the extent of actual mutant induction above the background level. Plots of yield versus lethal hits can be used to quantify the relative mutagenic efficiency (RME) of agents whose physical exposure doses otherwise would be incommensurable, as well as the relative mutability (Rmt) of different strains to the same mutagen. Plots of yield versus log dose provide an unambiguous way of assessing the relative mutational sensitivities (Rms) and mutational resolutions (Rmr) of different strains against a given mutagen. Such analysis is important for evaluation of the relative merits of excision-proficient and excision-deficient strains of the same organism as mutagen-testing systems. The mathematical approach outlined here is applied, by way of example, to measurements of UV and 4-NQO induced mutagenesis in both repair-deficient and repair-proficient haploid strains of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6780909 TI - Prophenoloxidase and its activation in Paraplerurus sauridae (Digenea: Hemiuridae). AB - Electrophoretic studies on the phenol oxidase of Paraplerurus sauridae indicated that the enzyme exists in multiple forms. Based upon the difference in the electrophoretic pattern before and after activation of the enzyme, the possible mechanism of activation of the enzyme is suggested. The role of Mehlis' gland in the activation of the enzyme is also discussed. The various enzyme fractions showed differences in ability to utilise mono- and diphenolic substrates. The significance of the differences are discussed. PMID- 6780910 TI - Electrophoretic migration of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis specific antigenic fraction. AB - Using the technique of immunoelectroosmophoresis-immunodiffusion (IEOP-ID), two antigenic fractions of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis one of them species specific, produced precipitin bands in both the cathodic and anodic zones. Reactions of complete identity among the bands formed in these zones were demonstrated by a modification of the technique, employing additional wells around the central antigen well. Such bands would correspond to a simple diffusion of the corresponding antigenic fractions rather than to active electrophoretic migration. PMID- 6780911 TI - Morphological changes in strains of Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fries and Aspergillus parasiticus Speare related with aflatoxin production. AB - Two strains of Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr. and two strains of A. parasiticus Speare were cultured on crushed moist wheat (Triticum durum var. Pane no. 257) for aflatoxin production studies in correlation with morphological changes. The toxicogenic strains were adapted to the substratum by means of successive transfers at regular intervals (72 h.) The amount aflatoxins synthesized by the toxicogenic strains decreased gradually after succesive subculturing. The decrease was accompanied by marked morphological changes. One of the strains studied, A. flavus NRRL 3251, lost completely the capacity of aflatoxin synthesis after several subcultures, presenting at the same time strong morphological variations. A. flavus CBS 120.62 also lost its toxicogenicity after six subcultures. PMID- 6780912 TI - The Nobel awards for medicine or physiology. PMID- 6780913 TI - Photoperiodicity in the male albino laboratory rat. AB - Animals inhabiting areas where there are drastic changes in the environment often reproduce only during limited time periods to ensure that young are raised in optimal environmental conditions. The lack of a well defined breeding season in many domesticated animals, presumably because the selective pressures for seasonal breeding have been minimized, suggests that the neuroendocrine events controlling seasonal cyclicity have been bred out of these animals. Little is known about the underlying neuroendocrine changes which may occur during the evolution of a species from a seasonal to a nonseasonal breeder. Whereas the changing photoperiod is the primary environmental cue which initiates and/or terminates the reproductive season in many animals, this is not so in the albino rat Rattus norvegicus, a model nonseasonal breeder. Nevertheless, daylength can influence various reproductive parameters in laboratory rats, suggesting that some of the neuroendocrine components that controlled seasonal breeding previously are still extant in this species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of daylength on the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine- gonadal axis to the negative-feedback effects of testosterone. This paradigm was chosen because of the important role played by photic-induced changes in steroid feedback sensitivity in the control of seasonal reproduction. We report here that although daylength has very little effect on neuroendocrine--gonadal function in the intact male laboratory rat, it seems that some component(s) of a photoperiodic system involving the pineal gland has been preserved. PMID- 6780914 TI - Genetic basis of BCG-induced suppression of delayed hypersensitivity. AB - BCG can either act as an adjuvant to potentiate immunological responses or, in some cases, can induce suppression. The reasons for these differential activities are not clear but may include routes and doses of administration, as well as variable host reactivity to the agent. In this study, we have used killed BCG administered intravenously to produce chronic granulomatous inflammation (CGI) in the lungs and spleen of inbred mice. We report that strains which develop CGI were usually anergic, as evaluated by the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Studies on the genetics of BCG-induced anergy indicated that it was unigenic, recessive and linked (approximately 28 recombination units) to the immunoglobulin heavy-chain allotype (Igh). There was no influence by genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex. The study indicates that anergy associated with CGI is under genetic control, which may explain the variability of anergy in patients with granulomatous diseases. The implication of linkage to the Igh complex is not clear, but it may be associated with VH receptors on T lymphocytes, which in turn act on macrophages to mediate suppression. PMID- 6780915 TI - Parasitology in Venezuela. PMID- 6780916 TI - Induction of light chain expression in a pre-B cell line by fusion to myeloma cells. AB - Pre-B cells, the first cells in the B-lymphocyte differentiation pathway which express immunoglobulin, have recently been shown to express cytoplasmic mu heavy chain (H) but not light chain (L). If, as is believed, pre-B cells are the precursors of immature B lymphocytes, which express surface IgM, the differentiation of pre-B cells to immature B lymphocytes must be accompanied by the expression of light chains. In this case, it should be possible for the progeny of a single pre-B cell to express a variety of light chains in association with the same heavy chain. We have tested this hypothesis by hybridizing a pre-B cell line 18-81 expressing only cytoplasmic mu chains with variant myeloma cells which do not express light chains. Hybridization of B lymphoma cells with myeloma cells usually produces a hybrid with the phenotype of the more differentiated parent. In this case, the fusion resulted in the induction of light chain expression from the 18-81 genes and we have been able to demonstrate that independent hybrids express different light chains, in accordance with the hypothesis that a pre-B cell committed to expression of a single mu heavy chain can generate progeny expressing different slight chains. PMID- 6780917 TI - Expression of the E. coli uvrA gene is inducible. AB - UvrA+-dependent excision repair is one of the most important systems in Escherichia coli for repairing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers and a variety of other forms of DNA damage. The uvrA protein acts in conjunction with the uvrB and uvrC gene products to introduce a nick at the of a DNA lesion and thus initiate the repair process. We have recently used the Mud(Ap, lac) operon fusion vector to identify a set of genes whose expression is induced by DNA damage. One Mud(Ap, lac) insertion mapped at the uvrA locus and made the cells sensitive to UV light. In this fusion strain, beta-galactosidase expression was induced by DNA-damaging agents in a recA+lexA+-dependent fashion. We were surprised by this result because uvrA+-dependent excision repair is observed both in cells in which protein synthesis has been inhibited and in recA- and lexA- cells, findings which have led to the conclusion that the uvrA gene product is constitutively expressed and not under the control of the complex recA+lexA+ regulatory circuitry (see below). We have investigated this possibility further and describe here the generation and characterization of a set of fusions of the lac genes to the promoter of the uvrA gene. We confirm that the uvrA gene product is induced by DNA damage in a recA+lexA+-dependent fashion. PMID- 6780918 TI - [Are urological studies indicated with enuresis?]. PMID- 6780920 TI - Fluorometric determination of octopamine in tissue homogenates by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6780921 TI - Development of glial cells in primary cultures: energy metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes. AB - Primary cultures of glial cells prepared from brains of newborn rats were grown for periods of 1-5 weeks. After a proliferative phase of between 2 and 3 weeks, the cultures were maintained in stationary phase, during which a significant increase of oxygen consumption and of the activities of lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase could be observed. Furthermore, qualitative changes in the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern were found with time, characterized by a shift toward an enhanced synthesis of H subunits. A similar development was found in comparing the LDH isoenzyme pattern in the brain of 15-day-old rat embryo with those of newborn and adult rat brains. It is suggested that some aspects of maturation of glial cells in culture are comparable to those occurring in whole brain in vivo, namely a shift towards an enhanced aerobic metabolism. PMID- 6780919 TI - Effects of the ionophores X537A and A23187 on GABA, glycine, and taurine release from chick retinal subcellular fractions. AB - The ionophore X537A at concentrations of 5--20 microM stimulated the release of [3H]GABA and [35S]taurine from retinal subcellular crude nuclear (P1) and crude synaptosomal (P2) fractions. The release of [3H]GABA increased 114% and 136% over control values in P1 and P2 fractions, respectively. The efflux of [35S]taurine from P1 was increased by 45% and that from P2 by 21%. X537A increased 45Ca2+ uptake in the P2 fraction but not in the P1 fraction. The effect of X537A on the amino acid release was not dependent on the presence of exogenous calcium. X537A did not affect [3H]GABA or [35S]taurine uptake by the retinal fractions. A23187 enhanced [3H]GABA release from P1 and P2 by 52% and 105%, respectively. The ionophore also increased [14C]glycine liberation in both P1 (35%) and P2 (50%) but failed to stimulate [35S]taurine release. A23187 produced a transient increase of 45Ca2+ uptake of 38% in P1 and 30% in P2. The effects of A23187 on the release of amino acids were calcium dependent. The amino acid uptake was not affected by the ionophore. These results are consistent with the suggested neurotransmitter role for GABA at the outer synaptic layer and for GABA and glycine at the inner synaptic layer of the retina. A neurotransmitter role for taurine is not supported by the present results. PMID- 6780922 TI - Anti-catechol-O-methyltransferase: demonstration of specificity and immunological cross-reactivity with the enzyme from rat liver, kidney, brain, and choroid plexuses. AB - An antiserum to rat liver catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) was utilized in the immunological characterization of COMT from rat kidney, brain, and choroid plexuses, in addition to rat liver. The presence of anti-COMT activity was confirmed by the direct inhibition of the activity of the enzyme from rat liver by small quantities of the antiserum and by the inhibition of the activity of the enzyme from rat brain. The specificity of the antiserum was demonstrated both by immunoelectrophoresis of rat liver COMT, and by a partial purification of rat liver COMT in which changes in COMT specific activity were correlated with the appearance of a precipitin line in double-immunodiffusion experiments. The antigenic similarity of the enzyme derived from rat liver, kidney, brain, and choroid plexuses was demonstrated by the formation of a precipitin line of identity when preparations from these four tissues were diffused against the antiserum. PMID- 6780923 TI - Development of circadian rhythms in serum hormone levels in the immature female rat. AB - Diurnal variations in concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), corticosterone, estradiol-17 beta and estrone in serum were investigated in 27- to 35-day-old female rats maintained on a 14-hour light and 10-hour dark schedule. Groups of 6 8 rats were decapitated at 3-hour intervals during a 24-hour period. Hormones were measured by radioimmunoassay. LH levels were highly variable over a 24-hour period in rats younger than 32-33 days of age, while in 34- to 35-day-old animals the levels were less variable and a moderate LH peak was seen at 24.00 h. A distinct FSH diurnal rhythm with the peak at 15.00 h was demonstrated in rats older than 32 days of age. The 27- to 28-day-old rat had a diurnal TSH rhythm with the peak at 12.00 h, but older rats had a rhythm with two peaks at 24.00 and 9.00 h. The diurnal corticosterone rhythm analogous to the adult's was established at 32 days of age, although a significant variation having a peak during the dark period appeared earlier. Similarly, a distinct estradiol rhythm appeared at 29 days of age with the peak at 12.00 h, followed by a change in the peak phase afterwards. Serum estrone levels showed a manifest variation in the 27 to 28-day-old rat, but no variation was observed in the older rats. These results not only confirm the previous reports on the existence of pulsatile LH secretion, and corticosterone and estradiol diurnal rhythms, but also demonstrate the existence of diurnal rhythms in FSH, TSH and estrone levels in the immature female rat. Furthermore, it is possible that the rhythm once developed may change in phase, or even disappear as puberty approaches. PMID- 6780925 TI - Asterixis associated with sodium valproate. AB - Intoxication with most anticonvulsants can produce asterixis. Asterixis rarely occurs with therapeutic serum anticonvulsant levels. We report two patients with asterixis who were taking valproic acid and had serum levels within the therapeutic range. Neither patient had clinical or laboratory evidence of hepatotoxicity. Only one other patient has been reported with valproate associated asterixis in the absence of toxic serum drug levels or hepatotoxicity. Asterixis seems to be due to a central effect of the drug unrelated to hepatotoxicity or sedation. PMID- 6780924 TI - Calcium-dependent changes in electrical properties of prolactin-secreting anterior pituitary (2B8) clonal cells. AB - These studies utilized a prolactin-secreting clonal strain (2B8) of rat anterior pituitary cells. These cells secrete increasing amounts of prolactin in response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and do not produce any other pituitary hormone. In response to TRH and in the presence of calcium in the culture medium the cells demonstrated evoked responses without spike discharge following electrical stimulation. No spontaneous evoked response with spike discharge was observed in 2B8 cells. The evoked responses were not suppressed by tetrodotoxin (TTX) but were markedly suppressed by D-600, or lanthanum chloride. The results suggest that calcium ion flux across the cell membrane may be a necessary component of the intracellular events which lead to the release of prolactin. PMID- 6780926 TI - Clonazepam therapy in reading epilepsy. PMID- 6780927 TI - Visual evidences on reversible dysenzymia induced by zinc and a new chelating agent in CCl4 poisoned liver of squirrels. PMID- 6780928 TI - Some dilemmas in health care policy. AB - Neither patients nor physicians are doing a great deal about growing costs, improving the rationality of medical services, or asking hard questions about the value of existing patterns. They have little incentive to do so, and when they do, it is with the clear awareness of their own economic interest. If budgetary cuts have to be made, they inevitably occur at the points of least political resistance-the poor, the old, and the chronically ill. The "middle course" of government intervention-between the harsh realities of a private medical marketplace and the bureaucratic consequences of a rationally planned system of care-has been a costly and inefficient regulatory muddle. Constructive compromises in future policy will be complicated and fiercely political. PMID- 6780929 TI - Biomedical research and illness: 1900-1979. AB - At a time when expenditures for biomedical research and for medical care are higher than ever before, some critics doubt the wisdom of allowing them to continue to rise. These critics question the contribution that medicine and research have made to health progress in the twentieth century. Such arguments, however, fail to distinguish between research and technology development or the delivery of service. Efforts to control biomedical research as a way of holding down health care costs would be misdirected and counterproductive to health and economy. PMID- 6780930 TI - Hospital costs: can they be cut? AB - Major surgery is often proposed for "malignant hypertrophy of national health budgets." But before proceeding with such radical intervention, we need a better understanding of the "disease." Neither the United States nor Canada has a method to determine the right percentage of GNP to spend in the health area; no index of productivity or need is available. Yet an understanding of the mechanisms of growth of health budgets will permit our using strategies to reduce the rate of health spending. PMID- 6780931 TI - [Septic complications, due to the catheter, in parenteral nutrition and continuous peridural anesthetic block. Cases from an intensive care center]. AB - The results of the bacteriologic studies carried out on 192 catheters used for parenteral nutrition and continuous peridural block on 98 patients are reported together with the incidence of infections. The reported data emphasize the importance of the sterile precautions while no correlation seems to exist between the bacterial contamination and the length of stay of the catheter. PMID- 6780932 TI - [Clinical aspects of long-term parenteral alimentation in the "short intestine syndrome". Clinical case]. AB - A case of malabsorption syndrome (organic wasting, hypokaliaemia, metabolic acidosis, diarrhoea, hypochromic anaemia) following removal of 4 m of ileus for thrombophlebitis of the mesentery is described. In the first seven months, the patient was hospitalised five times to correct these imbalances by means of PA, with repeated venous incannulation. PA was continued at home each evening, together with heparin therapy (25,000 U calcic heparin/day). The patient later died following the appearance of serious venous thrombosis. The question of this complication and its prevention is discussed. PMID- 6780933 TI - Genetics in the analysis of behaviour. AB - Behaviour genetics has developed rapidly in the last two decades and has now gone far beyond the stage of merely measuring the extent to which individual differences on a particular behaviour can be attributed to genetic factors. This paper discusses the uses to which genetics can be put in efficient experimental design, in determining the generality of results and, most importantly, in the simultaneous analysis of several behaviours and their relationship to each other and to physical and biochemical parameters. Because the principles of genetics apply to all organisms, the first animal discussed is Drosophila, the vinegar fly, which is a vital tool in genetics but which has met with scant attention among psychologists. Drosophila has some unique advantages such as the sex mosaic technique for studying sexual behaviour, but most of the discussion concerns learning and the extent to which parallels can be found between Drosophila and the vertebrates, both in terms of process and of genetic control. It is demonstrated how strain differences and the response to artificial selection can distinguish between learning and other components of behaviour. Drosophila are also used to explain how the type of genetic control can suggest the way in which natural selection acts upon the particular behaviour and further examples from rodents are discussed to show that this is a general result across species. There are many inbred strains and selection lines of mice and rats and examples from a wide range of behaviours illustrate the advantages of using such stocks. The concept of the 'behavioural phenotype' is explained, where genetic differences on a wide range of behaviours are considered, rather than just focusing on one behaviour or one response to a particular drug or environmental treatment. Many different aspects of open-field behaviour, learning and mother-infant interaction are used as examples of this concept. The extent of genotype-environmental interaction is considered, since the possibility that each genotype will have a unique response to a brief discussion of human behaviour genetics, since here again the concern is not just with the trivial question of measuring 'heritability', but rather with how such information can be used to understand behaviour. The final suggestion is that psychology may gain by having more contact not only with geneticists, but also with the ecologists concerned with the significance of behavioural differences in the wild. PMID- 6780934 TI - Primary meningococcal pericarditis with tamponade. PMID- 6780935 TI - Care of the long-term aged patient: is it more than custodial care? PMID- 6780936 TI - Host reaction to Sarcocystis in goats. PMID- 6780937 TI - CO2 laser for the treatment of vulvar carcinoma in situ. AB - A new conservative method for treating carcinoma in situ of the vulva is presented. The carbon dioxide laser offers the advantage of a microsurgical technique combined with the benefits of sharp local excision. As one third of the 35 patients treated in this series are under 30 years of age, preservation of the anatomic and functional integrity of the vulva is of paramount importance. Laser therapy has proved to be precise and has resulted in rapid healing without scar formation. The laser regimen conveniently unifies the therapeutic program directed against multicentric squamous neoplasia of the lower genital canal. PMID- 6780938 TI - [Aspects on the classification of Class III malocclusions and the indication of orthosurgery on young patients]. PMID- 6780939 TI - [Lymphoepithelial cyst of the oral cavity: report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6780940 TI - [Facial pain of non-dental etiology]. PMID- 6780942 TI - [Substances and cells related to the immune system]. PMID- 6780943 TI - [Effect of nutrition on the etiology and prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 6780941 TI - [Chlorhexidine as a plaque controlling agent: pharmacology, limitations and clinical application]. PMID- 6780944 TI - [Primary malignant melanoma of the oral mucosa: a review of 36 cases]. PMID- 6780945 TI - [Therapy of root fractures of permanent teeth in children]. PMID- 6780947 TI - [Occlusal variations of artificial teeth on dentures]. PMID- 6780946 TI - [Functional occlusal disharmonies in the mixed dentition]. PMID- 6780948 TI - [The correlation between incisal guidance, incisal angle and condylar guidance]. PMID- 6780949 TI - [The loss of the 1st permanent molar in a sample of Greek and American populations of 8 to 12 years of age]. PMID- 6780950 TI - [Fear (phobia): the cause of management problems in children's dentistry and ways of handling them in pedodontic practice]. PMID- 6780951 TI - [Epidemiological survey of oral diseases of Greek population. 4. Island of Psara]. PMID- 6780952 TI - Glycopeptides (FSH, LH, TSH, prolactin) and glycoproteins in patients with genitourinary cancer. AB - The present investigation has analyzed 249 patients suffering from urogenital cancer in respect to aberrant concentration of prolactin, TSH, LH and FSH. A simultaneous pattern of acute phase reactants (alpha 1-glycoprotein, alpha 1 antitrypsin, beta 2-glycoprotein and haptoglobin) was related to the content of these hormones. Abnormal results of prolactin and TSH were present in 30% of all patients, whereas frequent aberrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and alpha 1 antitrypsin were detected in 60--80%. Acute phase reactants changed to more pathological values when correlated to elevated prolactin. PMID- 6780953 TI - Oestradiol and progesterone receptors in the mammary tissue and tumours of female Holtzman rats following 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene administration. AB - A single dose of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene (DMBA) when administered to 55-day-old female Holtzman rats did not produce any change in the pattern or amount of oestradiol receptors in the breast tissues, when compared to age-matched control animals. The period of observation extended up to 280 days of age. Following DMBA administration to 102 animals, only 60% developed carcinomas of the breast, of which 59 and 50% were ER- an PgR-positive, respectively. This lower yield of steroid receptor-positive tumours in this strain of rats was also reflected in a very low incidence of regression of tumours to ovariectomy. Plausible explanations for both these findings have been offered. PMID- 6780954 TI - Finding and feeding the malnourished: a report on three of the growing number of nutritional support units in US hospitals. PMID- 6780955 TI - Evolution of a nutritional support team. PMID- 6780956 TI - Nutritional management of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6780957 TI - Involving staff in nursing quality assurance. PMID- 6780958 TI - Patient rights--key to risk management in mental health settings. PMID- 6780959 TI - Refining a study design to assess delays in reporting radiologic test results. PMID- 6780960 TI - Seclusion rooms. PMID- 6780961 TI - Considerations for evaluation of patient care in emergency departments. PMID- 6780962 TI - [The effect of hypoglycemic sulfonylurea preparations on the heart conduction system]. PMID- 6780963 TI - [Sulpiride and TRH loading tests in acromegaly]. PMID- 6780964 TI - [Characteristics of microbial multiplication in parenterally infected Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera) fleas]. AB - Being inoculated parenterally various microbes cause the fleas X. cheopis a stable infection which, as a rule, is preserved in experimental insects to the end of life. Reproducing intensively Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhimurium caused the death of all ectoparasites in 3 to 5 days. The increase in abundance of Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. enterocolitica and vaccine strains of Y. pestis "EV" and Francisella tularensis went on gradually and infected fleas lived up to 15--20 and more days. PMID- 6780965 TI - Measurement of IgM antibodies in the diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumonia. AB - The sera of 30 patients with complement-fixing antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae (titres larger than or equal to 32) were treated with staphylococcal protein A. This procedure effectively removed 90 to 95% of the IgG antibodies. The Mycoplasma-specific antibodies in the treated sera could then be measured by a complement fixation test. This provides a useful test for distinguishing serological responses to recent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections from anamnestic responses due to past exposure to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 6780966 TI - Patterns of fetal lamb regional cerebral blood flow during and after prolonged hypoxia. AB - In an effort to determine to what extent cerebral blood flow (CBF) varies in different parts of the brain during prolonged fetal hypoxia, we measured flow to 34 regions in 12 chronically catheterized fetal lambs 130 to 140 days gestation. Control values of PO2, PCO2 pH, heart rate, and blood pressure were obtained, and CBF was measured by use of radioactive labeled microspheres during a control period, during (15-, 30-, and 90-min) reduction of maternal inspired O2 concentration (fetal arterial PO2 was maintained at 12 to 15 torr), and 60 min after returning the ewe to room air. control blood flow to cortical, subcortical, and brainstem structures equaled 134, 186, and 254 ml x min-1 x 100 g-1, respectively. During hypoxia, CBF increased 92%, and 60 min after fetal oxygenation was restored, it remained 50% above control values. We noted a similar response in regional CBF to the cortex, subcortex, and brainstem during and after hypoxia. Blood flow to smaller areas within the three major regions were quite homogenous and had a similar pattern of response to hypoxia. We conclude that: (1) significant fetal regional CBF differences occurred in utero with brainstem and subcortical flows being substantially greater than flows to other regions of the brain; (2) during prolonged intrauterine hypoxia, total regional CBF increased 92%; (3) 1 hr after fetal oxygenation was restored, CBF still remained 50% above control values; and finally, (4) there was no significant preferential shunting of regional CBF during prolonged hypoxia in utero. PMID- 6780967 TI - Propionate inhibition of succinate:CoA ligase (GDP) and the citric acid cycle in mitochondria. AB - Propionate inhibits oxygen consumption by rat liver mitochondria when glutamate, alpha-ketaglutarate, and succinate are substrates. Carnitine prevents this effect. The pattern of inhibition of 14CO2 release from metabolic intermediates indicates citric acid cycle inhibition between succinate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase (GDP) and malate dehydrogenase. Propionyl CoA is synthesized from propionate in mitochondria. Propionyl CoA is a potent inhibitor of succinate:CoA ligase with positive cooperativity and half half-maximal inhibition at 2 X 10(-4) M propionyl CoA. PMID- 6780968 TI - [Current methods of treating cachexia in infants]. PMID- 6780969 TI - [Role of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis in the process of sex maturation]. PMID- 6780970 TI - Effects of DDE, TDE, and PCBs on shell thickness of western grebe eggs, Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah--1973-74. AB - DDE, TDE, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as Aroclors 1260 and 1254 were detected in low concentrations in eggs of western grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis) from Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge, Utah. DDE was the only contaminant which was both negatively correlated with eggshell thickness and a significant variable in a multiple regression model for predicting eggshell thickness. The eggshell thickness index for western grebe decreased 2.3 percent from pre- to post-DDT-use periods. Incubation stage appeared to have no measurable correlation with eggshell thickness. The small amount of eggshell thinning seen in western grebe eggs at Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge appeared to have no detectable effect on reproduction. PMID- 6780971 TI - Organochlorine residues and shell thicknesses in eggs of the clapper rail, common gallinule, purple gallinule, and limpkin (class Aves), eastern and southern United States, 1972-74. AB - Organochlorine residues and shell thicknesses were surveyed in eggs of the clapper rail (Rallus longirostris), purple gallinule (Porphyrula martinica), common gallinule (Gallinula chloropas), and limpkin (Aramus guarauna) from the eastern and southern United States. Clapper rail eggs were collected during 1972 73 in New Jersey, Virginia, and South Carolina. During 1973-74, gallinule eggs were collected in Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana, and limpkin eggs were collected in Florida. Egg contents were analyzed for residues of organochlorine pesticides, including DDT, TDE, DDE, dieldrin, mirex, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, cis-chlordane (and/or trans-nonachlor), cis-nonachlor, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), toxaphene, and endrin, and for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Shell thicknesses of recent eggs of these species were compared with archival eggs that had been collected before 1947. With the exception of the limpkin, the majority of eggs analyzed contained residues of p,p'-DDE and PCBs. Geometric means ranged from 0.10 ppm to 1.3 ppm. Small amounts (less than 1.0 ppm) of mirex, dieldrin, cis-chlordane (and/or trans-nonachlor), TDE, and DDT were detected in a few eggs. No evidence of eggshell thinning was found for any of the species studied. DDE residues in clapper rail eggs were higher in New Jersey and Virginia than in South Carolina. PMID- 6780972 TI - [Hyperalimentation after digestive surgery: influence on immune state and on prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - Immunocompetence was measured in 320 gastrointestinal surgery patients using the delayed hypersensitivity test. The frequency of complications and death from sepsis was greater (p less than 0,001) in anergic patients (39%) than in patients with normal response (5%). A close correlation was observed between anergy and malnutrition as determined on the basis of biological criteria (triceps skinfold, arm circumference, ratio between actual and deal weights). This double correlation led to study the influence of hyperalimentation on immune response and prognosis. Parenteral hyperalimentation with nitrogen and calories was administered to 26 anergic patients with heavy or complicated intestinal surgery (peritonitis) for from 10 to 37 days (av.: 19, 2 days). One or more test(s) had turned positive by the 10th day in 7 patients; by the 30th day in 16 and by the 69th day in 20. Out of 26 anergic patients, 19 were nutritionally normal; hyperalimentation had no influence on biological criteria and began to modify body measurements only after 17 days; in the 16 anergic malnourished patients,, hypernutrition led to the development of a positive nitrogen balance (3,60 +/- 1,7 days) and to a return within normal range of biological criteria (7,2 +/- 2,3 days), and body measurements (14,3 +/- 9,2 days). Death from sepsis in anergic patients with hyperalimentation was lower (11,2% and 44,4%; p less than 0,01) than in anergic ones without hyperalimentation. Hyperalimentation with nitrogen and calories modified the nutritional status, immunological response and improved prognosis in anergic patients. PMID- 6780973 TI - [Hurler's disease. Modification of urinary mucopolysaccharides after injection of fibroblasts]. PMID- 6780974 TI - [Whole-gut irrigation with mannitol in cirrhotic patients with gastro-intestinal bleeding. Changes in blood ammonia and aminoacids levels (author's transl)]. AB - The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of whole gut mannitol irrigation on arterial blood ammonia and plasma aminoacids in cirrhotic patients with bleeding oesophageal varices and its influence on post-haemorrhagic encephalopathy. The 28 patients studied were divided at random into two groups: group I, non-irrigated (n = 16) and group II, irrigated (n = 12). In all cases bleeding was controlled by a Blakemore haemostatic tube which enabled irrigation to be performed in group II subjects. Four hours after starting irrigation a significant decrease in arterial blood ammonia became apparent in group II patients as compared with controls (p < 0.05). After 24 hours, blood ammonia had decreased in both groups but was significantly lower in group II patients than in group I patients (p < 0.01). No significant change in branched chain aminoacids to aromatic aminoacids molar ratio was observed in either group. Clinically, mannitol irrigation had a significantly (p < 0.01) favourable effect in preventing the development or aggravation of posthaemorrhagic encephalopathy, which suggests that toxic substances of intestinal origin, particularly ammonia, may intervene in the pathogenesis of this condition. PMID- 6780975 TI - [Organic renal insufficiency during treatment with demethylchlortetracycline]. PMID- 6780976 TI - [Erythema multiforme. Isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from skin lesions]. PMID- 6780977 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy]. PMID- 6780978 TI - [Acute erythroblastopenia through intolerance to sodium dipropyl acetate. First case]. PMID- 6780979 TI - The nucleotide sequence of 5S ribosomal RNA from Micrococcus lysodeikticus. AB - The nucleotide sequence of ribosomal 5S RNA from Micrococcus lysodeikticus is pGUUACGGCGGCUAUAGCGUGGGGGAAACGCCCGGCCGUAUAUCGAACCCGGAAGCUAAGCCCCAUAGCGCCGAUGGUUAC GUAACCGGGAGGUUGUGGGAGAGUAGGUCGCCGCCGUGAOH. When compared to other 5S RNAs, the sequence homology is greatest with Thermus aquaticus, and these two 5S RNAs reveal several features intermediate between those of typical gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6780980 TI - Organization of the sequences flanking immunoglobulin heavy chain genes and their role in class switching. AB - We have used heteroduplex analysis to investigate the sequences surrounding the germline C gamma 1 and C gamma 3 genes, and to compare them with those surrounding the C mu gene. We detected an inverted pseudogene 5' to the C gamma 3 gene and 50-65% homologous to it. A 400 bp region of the C gamma 1 and C gamma 3 3' flanking sequences was conserved as strongly as the genes (65-80%), suggesting it may have a specific function. The sequences 5' to the C gamma 1 and C gamma 3 genes and possibly also the C mu gene are composed of tandem partially homologous repeats of a similar 250 bp unit, arranged in the case of the C gamma 1 gene, in 2-5 kb blocks of alternating orientation. These repeats comprised over 13 kb of the spacer region separating the C gamma 3 and C gamma 1 genes. Recombination sites for heavy chain class switching fell within these repeated sequences, suggesting that recombination between partially homologous blocks of repeat sequences 5' to CH genes generates the deletion responsible for class switching. This hypothesis was strongly supported by an examination of published nucleotide sequences around the recombination sites of rearranged C gamma 1 and C gamma 2b genes (1,2). PMID- 6780982 TI - Quantum chemical calculation of the (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine molecule. AB - Quantum chemical calculations of conformational maps of the molecule of a new virostatic agent (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine were performed. The thermodynamically most advantageous conformation I corresponds, for the D-series, to the alpha-ribo configuration, while the following minima, which are close in energy (II,III), correspond to beta-ribo and beta-xylo configurations. PMID- 6780981 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila: isolation and characterization of messenger RNA and cDNA clone. AB - The mRNA for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in D. melanogaster has been identified by translation in a cell-free system. The in vitro synthesized polypeptide, specifically precipitated by anti-ADH antibody, has identical subunit molecular weight (25,000 daltons) and tryptic peptide profile to the in vivo synthesized ADH. The poly A containing ADH-mRNA has been purified by specific precipitation of ADH-polysomes using anti-ADH antibody and S. aureus. Transformation of E. coli with the dA-tailed ADH-mRNA-complementary DNA hybrid annealed to the dT-tailed pBR322 yielded one plasmid which has been identified as the ADH-cDNA clone. The identification involved hybridization selection of ADH-mRNA and in vitro translation, in situ hybridization to the Adh locus on salivary gland polytene chromosomes and DNA sequencing. This ADH-cDNA plasmid contains 349 bases of the C terminal protein coding and 180 bases of the 3' untranslated region. PMID- 6780983 TI - Simultaneous measurement of 59Fe and 51Cr in iron absorption studies using a whole-body scanner with mobile shielding. AB - A whole-body scanner is described with a mobile shadow shield which affords a considerable reduction in space. The scanner has two NaI(T1) scintillation crystals of 4 x 6", placed at opposite sites of the subject. Background radiation, efficiency and geometric qualities made the scanner very useful for clinical whole-body counting. The equipment was used in iron absorption studies using a double isotope technique with 59Fe and 51Cr. After ingestion of an oral test dose total body kinetics of 59Fe and 51Cr was followed up to 60 days in 4 volunteers. Between days 3 and 10 the 51Cr, which was used as an non-absorbable indicator, had left the body completely. The 59Fe reached a constant value not before day 10, indicating that iron retention cannot be measured before that time. From repeated measurement of 59Fe and 51Cr directly after ingestion until the first defaecation it could be deduced that the coefficient of variation for 59Fe was less than 1.5% with a scanning time of 600 sec, and for 51Cr less than 5%. Extreme variations in geometry, such as measurement of the activity in a beaker and of the same amount after ingestion in the body, yielded practically the same value for 59Fe. The double isotope technique made it possible to measure not only iron retention but also mucosal uptake and mucosal transfer of iron. It is pointed out that measurement of the last two parameters of iron absorption is not possible in patients with serious obstipation or with very low mucosal uptake values. PMID- 6780985 TI - Measuring malnutrition in nutritional emergencies. A description of two simple techniques for identifying the acutely malnourished child. PMID- 6780984 TI - [Comparative emission tomographic and transmission tomographic studies of cranial and intracranial diseases (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study was performed in 58 patients with brain lesions using emission computed tomography (ECAT -- single photon, Cleon 710) and transmission computed tomography (TCAT). ECAT better demonstrates vascular functional i.e. physiologic disturbances. A disadvantage of ECAT is that there is no way to produce survey scans of the head. Relatively long scanning times and moderate spatial resolution when compared with TCAT furthermore reduces the value of ECAT. It is expected that the technical development of ECAT will soon alter the situation. PMID- 6780986 TI - The perennial pressure sore. Part 1. Pathogenesis. PMID- 6780987 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn as a result of maternal sensitization with Cw antigen]. PMID- 6780988 TI - New drugs for treating cardiac arrhythmias. AB - The new and potent antiarrhythmic drugs herald an exciting era in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Encainide, tocainide, and mexiletine are effective in treating acute and chronic ventricular arrhythmias. Verapamil promises to be the drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Acetubolol provides the advantages of selective beta receptor blockade and has minimal influence on pulmonary function. Aprindine and amiodarone block conduction in accessory pathways and are very suitable for treating tachycardias associated with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Ethmozin is a phenothiazine derivative with potent antiarrhythmic effects. Many of these new agents are being used with striking success abroad and at specialized treatment centers for experimental research in the United States. PMID- 6780989 TI - Infectious disease. A three-article symposium. Introduction. PMID- 6780990 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on broiler chicken performance. AB - Broiler chickens were exposed to 3,000, 6,000 and 12,000 ppm of CO2 for the 4 week brooding period, and their performance was compared to that of controls brooded where the CO2 level did not exceed 1,000 ppm. Exposure to 3,000 and 6,000 ppm did not significantly affect body weights at 4 or 7 weeks, but exposure to 12,000 ppm of CO2 depressed body weight at 4 weeks by about 60 g; the deficiency in weight persisted until 7 weeks of age. Feed conversions were not affected. PMID- 6780991 TI - Comparative evaluation of four registered acaricides for field control of northern fowl mites on caged laying hens. AB - Carbaryl and tetrachlorvinphos provided longer lasting control of northern fowl mites, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), than did coumaphos or malathion when the materials were applied to caged laying hens as aqueous sprays. The average duration of residual control was ca. 5 weeks for carbaryl, 4.3 weeks for tetrachlorvinphos, 3.5 weeks for coumaphos, and 2 weeks for malathion. No presumptive evidence of northern fowl mite resistance to carbaryl or tetrachlorvinphos was encountered. In contrast, malathion often failed to produce satisfactory control, and difficulty with adequate dispersion of coumaphos wettable powder was noted. PMID- 6780992 TI - Induction of ovulation in the hypophysectomized proestrous hamster by purified FSH or LH. PMID- 6780993 TI - Intracellular concentration of hepatic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in normal, diabetic, and hormonally manipulated rabbits. PMID- 6780994 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma. PMID- 6780995 TI - Chest physical therapy to the patient with multiple trauma. Two case studies. AB - Chest physical therapy is the preferred treatment in the MIEMSS for both preventing and treating pulmonary complications caused by retained secretions. The beneficial results of chest physical therapy in our facility, including improvement in chest roentgenogram appearance, arterial blood gases, and lung compliance, have been documented. The cases presented illustrate the successful use of chest physical therapy despite the presence of severe trauma and possible contraindications. The potential benefits of chest physical therapy may outweigh the existing possible contraindications. PMID- 6780996 TI - [An unclassified case of degenerative disease of the central nervous system--with reference to "hereditary pallidal and dentate system atrophy (Oyanagi)" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6780997 TI - Prolactin secretion in women with unipolar and bipolar depression. AB - Plasma prolactin levels and prolactin response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were studied in 27 unipolar and 24 bipolar depressive female patients before and after tricyclic antidepressant treatment, as well as in 38 normal controls matched for age, sex, and menopausal status. Before antidepressant treatment, basal prolactin levels were significantly lower in both premenopausal and postmenopausal bipolar patients but only in postmenopausal unipolar patients when compared to controls. The prolactin response to TRH was significantly blunted in both unipolar and bipolar postmenopausal subjects but remained normal in all premenopausal (unipolar and bipolar) patients. These data suggest that prolactin pituitary function could be useful in the neuroendocrine study of depressive illness. PMID- 6780998 TI - Cocaine effects in sleep-deprived humans. AB - Eight normal healthy volunteers were tested in a reaction-time task and a work output task after 24 and 48 h of sleep deprivation with and without 96 mg of inhaled cocaine. Cardiovascular changes and verbal report of mood change and drug effect were also monitored. Sleep deprivation produced a decrement in reaction time performance which was reversed by inhalation of cocaine. Heart rate increased after cocaine both under non sleep-deprived conditions and sleep deprived conditions. The magnitude of the drug-induced heart rate was, however, lower when subjects were deprived of sleep for 48 h. Verbal reports of cocaine effects were similar to those reported for amphetamine, with no evidence supporting the idea of a postdrug depression immediately after the acute effects of the drug dissipated, although some rebound effects were noted 8 h after drug administration. PMID- 6780999 TI - Differential effects of morphine on food and water intake in food deprived and freely-feeding rats. AB - In two experiments the effects of a range of doses of morphine (1, 3, 10 and 30 mg/kg) on the food and water consumption of rats were studied. The results of the first experiment showed that in 24 h food-deprived rats, morphine reduced levels of food and water intake. The duration of these actions was dependent upon dose, with only the highest dose (30 mg/kg) producing any effect persisting for longer than 4 hr. In contrast a second experiment showed that morphine increased levels of food and water intake in non-deprived animals. The effect on food intake was most apparent when measurements were taken at 2 hr and after 4 h after drug administration, while water intake remained above control levels for over 6 h. This study shows that the actions of morphine on ingestion of food and water are affected by food deprivation, and the results are consistent with the hypothesised role of endogenous opiates in the mediation of such behaviour. PMID- 6781000 TI - Concentrations of Cis(Z)-flupentixol in maternal serum, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord serum, and milk. AB - A venous blood sample and an umbilical cord blood sample were obtained from five young women treated with the neuroleptic drug, cis(Z)-flupentixol decanoate in Viscoleo (intramuscularly) or flupentixol (orally) at the time of giving birth. In two cases amniotic fluid was also obtained, and from three of the mothers milk and simultaneous blood samples were obtained in the lactation period. Concentrations of the active drug, cis(Z)-flupentixol were measured in serum, amniotic fluid, and milk by radioimmunoassay. It was found that the concentration of the active drug in umbilical cord serum (fetal serum) was lower than that in serum from the mother--the ratio being about 0.24. Thus the amounts of drug reaching the fetus are low, but they cannot be considered unimportant. The concentrations found in milk were about 30% higher than the serum concentrations. However, the amounts of drug administered to the neonate with the milk are very low and, unless the neonate differs considerably from the adult as to sensitivity to or metabolism of this particular drug, they are of no importance. PMID- 6781001 TI - Amphetamine stereotypies and polyribosomal disaggregation in rats: effects of adrenergic and serotonergic blocking agents. AB - To find the specific chemical moiety responsible for the disaggregation of polyribosomes after induction of aberrant behavior by d-amphetamine, specific amine blockers and reserpine were utilized. It appears that dopamine is responsible for both the disaggregation of polyribosomes and stereotypic behavior while the roles of serotonin and norepinephrine are not significant in this system. PMID- 6781002 TI - Brief social isolation, pain responsiveness, and morphine analgesia in young rats. AB - Vocalizations induced by brief tail-shock were measured in young rats that were either socially or individually housed. A single day of isolation increased tail shock-induced vocalizations, and in animals isolated 3--4 days, morphine (4 mg/kg) was less effective in reducing vocalizations than in socially housed animals. The data suggest that social contact can sustain endogenous analgesic processes in the body. PMID- 6781003 TI - Behavioral facilitation following chronic administration of N-n propylnorapomorphine. AB - Chronic administration of drugs which interfere with normal neurotransmission within animal nervous tissue (e.g. neurotransmitter receptor antagonists) is known to result in the development of behavioral supersensitivity. During recent years, evidence has been presented which indicates that neurotransmitter receptor agonists also produce behavioral supersensitivity. This study shows that, using stereotypic cage-climbing behavior in mice, chronic administration of apomorphine, and N-n-propylnorapomorphine (two direct-acting dopamine agonists) and d-amphetamine (an indirect dopamine agonist) produced an enhanced behavioral response to a test dose of apomorphine 4, 8 and 12 days after cessation of chronic drug injections. PMID- 6781004 TI - Species differences in the deamination of dopamine and other substrates for monoamine oxidase in brain. PMID- 6781005 TI - Long-term chlorpromazine in rhesus monkeys: production of dyskinesias and changes in social behavior. AB - The daily administration of chlorpromazine (CPZ) in doses of 8--40 mg/kg over 113 weeks to four rhesus monkeys produced dyskinesias and alterations in social behavior. General activity and social interactions were reduced by CPZ treatment but social aggression was elevated during initial drug administration. These behaviors returned to normal when treatment was discontinued. Dyskinesias appeared during CPZ treatment, and two striking ones, gravel mouth and hand gesture, persisted for 12 weeks after drug withdrawal. These results indicate that dyskinesias which share major features of human tardive dyskinesia can be produced in nonhuman primates by long-term CPZ treatment. PMID- 6781006 TI - Influence of intravenous self-administered psychomotor stimulants on performance of rhesus monkeys in a multiple schedule paradigm. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to complete three multiple schedules. The schedules consisted of three components: a fixed interval (component 1), a variable interval (component 2), and a fixed ratio (component 3). During components 1 and 2, pressing lever 1 was always reinforced by food delivery. During component 3, pressing lever 2 resulted in either food delivery or intravenous infusions of saline solution, solutions of cocaine, of d-amphetamine, of phenmetrazine, or fenetylline. In schedule I, animals were presented with all three components independent of key-pressing behavior during components 1 and 2. In schedule II the availability of component 2 was dependent on completion of component 1. Component 3 was made available only on completion of component 2. Noncompletion of components 1 or 2 resulted in time-out of 15 and 10 min, respectively. Schedule III was identical with schedule II, except that in schedule III the completion of components was indicated only by a change in the lever lights. The influence of self-administered drugs on behavior in all three components was evaluated. Self-administration of psychomotor stimulants impaired the performance of animals and delayed completion of components 1 and 2 of schedules I, II, and III. The effects on behavior were similar with low drug intake in schedule III, moderate intake in schedule II, and high drug intake in schedule I. These effects were strong with self-administration of phenmetrazine, moderate with self administration of cocaine and d-amphetamine, and weak with self-administration of fenetylline. PMID- 6781007 TI - The effect of benztropine mesylate on the prolactin response to haloperidol. AB - The interaction between cholinergic and dopaminergic systems in regulating prolactin responses was investigated in normal men by administration of haloperidol (0.5 mg IM), with and without benztropine (1.0 and 2.0 mg IM). The acute prolactin response (at 30, 45, and 60 min) to haloperidol plus benztropine was significantly delayed compared to the response to haloperidol alone, in the same subjects. However, between 90 and 120 min after drug administration, prolactin responses achieved were similar in the three drug conditions. The results suggest a modest cholinergic-dopaminergic antagonism in the tuberoinfundibular system, apparent at low doses of neuroleptic and high doses of anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 6781008 TI - The acute effect of ethanol on behaviour, body temperature, and brain histamine in mice. AB - The possible relationships between ethanol-induced changes in behaviour, body temperature, and brain histamine were studied. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with various doses of ethanol in the range of 0.088--1.75 g/kg. There was a dose-dependent biphasic alteration in behaviour and body temperature, where a low dose of 0.175 g/kg produced excitation and hyperthermia. Doses of 0.875 and 1.75 g/kg caused an increasing state of depression and dose-dependent hypothermia. Behavioural changes induced by ethanol appear to reflect changes in body temperature. When hyperthermia was produced the animals were hyperactive, whereas with hypothermia they were sedated and huddled close together. These changes in behaviour and body temperature closely paralleled the ethanol-induced modifications in whole brain histamine levels, indicating that a relationship may exist between the ethanol-induced changes in these parameters. PMID- 6781009 TI - Avoidance behavior in rats selectively bred for differential alcohol sensitivity. AB - "Most affected" (MA) and "least affected" (LA) rats, bred for extremes in motor impairment following an alcohol challenge, differed in their performance on two active avoidance tasks. In two-way shuttle avoidance, the MA line performed significantly better than the LA group, both in terms of response latencies and percent avoidances. The inferior performance of the LA line persisted across the 15 days of testing, and appeared to reflect an difference in asymptotic performance levels. In one-way avoidance, the MA line showed significantly better acquisition than the LA group; however, this difference dissipated across the 3 days of training. When tested following alcohol administration in either the one- or two-way avoidance paradigm, the MA rats showed a greater performance deficit than LA animals. These data were interpreted as indicating the generality of alcohol-related line differences to a situation motivated by aversive consequences. Moreover, the line difference in avoidance acquisition represents one of the few non-drug-related phenotypic differences that have been found in these lines. In previous generations, disparate base rates of wheel running have been reported, and the data presented here confirm and extend this finding. PMID- 6781011 TI - Preparation for radiation treatment. PMID- 6781010 TI - Effects of chronic amphetamine or reserpine on self-stimulation responding: animal model of depression? AB - The mood-altering properties of amphetamine (AMPH) in humans (euphoria and depression) have been postulated to be related to the increases and decreases respectively which this drug produces in the sensitivity of the reward system of the brain. The present study further evaluated this relationship by testing the effects of chronic reserpine (RES), another treatment that produces depression in humans, on self-stimulation responding. Separate groups of animals implanted with stimulating electrodes in the medial forebrain bundle were administered daily injections of saline, d-AMPH (5 mg/kg X 7 days followed by 10 mg/kg X 7 days), or RES (0.05 mg/kg X 18 days). At treatment termination, both drug groups showed a significant elevation of the reinforcement threshold, with no recovery occurring during 18 subsequent days. Thus, drug-induced depression of self-stimulation responding may serve as an animal model for studying the underlying physiological basis for clinical depression, or at the very least, for drug-induced depression. PMID- 6781012 TI - [Molecular aspects of cell adhesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781013 TI - Flavonoids and related compounds as inhibition of arachidonic acid peroxidation. AB - Until now only few data have been reported on biochemically explicable pharmacological effects of flavonoid structures. When tested against arachidonic acid metabolism many flavonoids were found to be effective against the lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways. Some flavonoids were predominant inhibitors of either cyclo-oxygenase or lipoxygenase, others were equally effective against both enzymes. Therefore, these compounds proved to be useful tools to elucidate fatty acid peroxidation problems. PMID- 6781015 TI - [Primary resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazil]. PMID- 6781014 TI - The activity of synthetic leukotriene C-1 on guinea pig trachea and ileum. AB - The effects of synthetic leukotriene C-1 (LTC-1) on isolated guinea pig trachea and ileum have been determined and compared to histamine. LTC-1 produced a slow contraction of the trachea and the ileum with pD2 values of 8.7 +/- 0.1 (n = 14) and 8.5 +/- 0.1 (n = 13), respectively. In comparison, the pD2 values for histamine were 5.6 +/- 0.1 (n = 6) and 6.2 +/- 0.1 (n = 6), indicating LTC-1 was 2-3 orders of magnitude more potent. LTC-1 was antagonised by FPL 55712 with pA2 values of 6.9 +/- 0.1 (n = 5) and 6.4 +/- 0.1 (n = 7) on the trachea and ileum, respectively. Incubation with lipoxidase produced a time and enzyme dependent loss of biological activity and a concurrent shift in U.V. absorption spectrum. PMID- 6781016 TI - Estimation of C3 levels in cerebrospinal fluid by electroimmunodiffusion. AB - C3 levels have been determined by the electroimmunodiffusion technique in the CSF of patients with a wide variety of pathologies. The patients were grouped on the basis of protein content and G/A ratio of the CSF as I) patients with normal meningeal permeability and apparent absence of local gamma-globulin synthesis; II) patients with increased meningeal permeability; III) patients with characteristics of MS, i.e. increase of IgG accompanied by a normal or slightly elevated protein content, Group III showed a lower level of C3 when expressed at % of the total protein and also as % of the total protein less gamma-globulins of the CSF. Other parameters of the CSF are also recorded. It was shown that only the expression of C3 concentration relative to the total protein content of the CSF produced meaningful analytical data. PMID- 6781017 TI - [Monoclonal IgM cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6781018 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in the septic patient. Modification of plasma lipid and carbohydrate levels induced by different regimens]. PMID- 6781019 TI - [Non-A, Non-B hepatitis : status of current knowledge (authors' transl)]. AB - The many studies carried out following post-transfusion hepatitis cases, not due to the A and B viruses identified to date, have provided incontestable evidence that cases with all the clinical, biochemical and histopathological characteristics of A and B hepatitis, but etiologically distinct, do exist. These have been temporarily termed "Non-A, Non-B" (NANB). The epidemiology, duration of incubation period and type of evolution, including the risk to evolve towards chronic hepatitis are common to both B and NANB hepatitis. NANB hepatitis can be experimentally transmitted to chimpanzees, but the disease may have milder characteristics. Immunological studies have revealed the presence of corresponding antigens and antibodies in certain NANB hepatitis cases, which may hopefully lead to the development of serological methods of diagnosis after confirmation of these results. Two categories candidate virus have been so far proposed: either DNA viruses similar, to, but immunologically distinct from the hepatitis B virus, or small RNA viruses. The identification and role of such viruses in the determination of NANB hepatitis warrant further study. However, it already appears possible to postulate, on the basis of epidemiological, clinical, immunological and experimental data, that at least two etiologically different types of NANB hepatitis should exist. PMID- 6781020 TI - Normal profile of immunoglobulins in sera and tracheal washings of chickens. AB - Concentration and distribution of the three immunoglobulins in the sera and tracheal washings of a chicken population was studied. The mean IgM, IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were 1.35, 5.09 and 0.31 mg/ml, respectively. The distribution of IgM and IgG in birds irrespective of age was almost normal whereas that of IgA was skewed. All the three immunoglobulins were present in tracheal washings but the level of IgM was barely detectable. The IgG was predominant in the tracheal washings but higher IgA : IgG ratio compared to that of serum indicated local IgA production in the chicken respiratory tract. PMID- 6781021 TI - Antibodies to malignant catarrhal fever virus antigens in the sera of normal and naturally infected cattle in Kenya. AB - Six different serological tests were used to examine Kenyan cattle sera for antibodies to the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever. Significantly higher levels of indirect immunofluorescent antibody to early and late virus antigens and of complement fixing antibody were found in the sera of 13 naturally infected cattle than in 482 sera collected from four different groups of normal cattle. Virus neutralising and immunoprecipitating antibodies were also found in some infected cattle sera but not in normal cattle sera. Many non-specific reactions occurred using counterimmunoelectrophoresis. These preliminary results indicate that the serological diagnosis of wildebeest-associated malignant catarrhal fever may be possible. PMID- 6781022 TI - [Nutritional assessment of patients in the hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781023 TI - [Drugs for the treatment of asthma. Part II: Theophylline, disodium cromoglycate and steroids (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781024 TI - [Hypoxemia and hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781025 TI - [Principles and concepts of teratogenesis. I. The teratogenic injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781026 TI - [Medical treatment of urinary lithiasis]. PMID- 6781027 TI - Adrenocortical and gonadal steroids during sleep deprivation. AB - Twelve healthy males were exposed to 48 hr of sleep deprivation under conditions of strictly controlled activity and of food and drink intake. During the experiment the subjects were isolated from external time cures, i.e. no daylight, clocks, etc. Plasma samples were obtained before and at the end of the vigil, as well as after 5 days of recovery. Samples were analyzed for adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones and for follicle-stimulating (FSH) and luteinizing hormones (LH). The levels of all unconjugated steroids studied (cortisol, 17 hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone) were significantly lower at the end of the sleep deprivation period. Self-ratings of fatigue were significantly higher at the end of the deprivation period. After recovery, all values returned to base line. No changes were observed in the levels of FSH, LH, or most conjugated steroids. It was concluded that the results were not consistent with the view that sleep deprivation induces an emergency reaction with increased activation, but rather that it results in lower levels of both psychological and physiological activation. PMID- 6781028 TI - [Hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6781029 TI - [Vascular and infectious enteropathy in premature infants?]. PMID- 6781030 TI - [Particular aspects of abdominal pain in children. Right iliac fossa syndrome caused by Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6781032 TI - [Relation between C-reactive protein concentration and cardiac lesions in acute articular rheumatism]. PMID- 6781031 TI - [Metabolism of copper in iron-deficiency anemia in premature infants]. PMID- 6781033 TI - [Anatomopathological aspects as risk factors in esophageal atresia]. PMID- 6781034 TI - [The Silver-Russell syndrome]. PMID- 6781035 TI - [Acute hyperglycemic syndrome in children]. PMID- 6781036 TI - [The combination of indomethacin and prednisone in the treatment of primary nephrotic syndrome in children]. PMID- 6781037 TI - [Treatment of deficiency anemias with magnesium, iron and a combination of these, in children of the Odorhein-Secuiese city day-nurseries (clinical and therapeutic study)]. PMID- 6781038 TI - [Propionylerythromycin in the treatment of giardiasis]. PMID- 6781039 TI - Detection of host proteins in the intestine of Triatoma infestans by agar double diffusion tests. PMID- 6781040 TI - [Chagas' disease in dogs. Anatomo-pathological study of naturally infected animals]. PMID- 6781041 TI - Determination of urinary albumin excretion in subclinical forms of glomerulonephritis by electroimmunodiffusion. PMID- 6781042 TI - Tubular proteinuria in myeloma. PMID- 6781043 TI - Standardisation in relation to human immunoglobulins. PMID- 6781044 TI - The effect of analytical factors on the measurement of immunoglobulins. PMID- 6781045 TI - A national quality control scheme (United Kingdom) for serum total IgE. PMID- 6781046 TI - Standardization of immunochemical quantitation of human apolipoproteins A and B. PMID- 6781047 TI - Application of an antibody immunodiffusion method for the determination of proteins. PMID- 6781048 TI - Rate immunonephelometric measurement of specific plasma proteins (an opportunity for control of analytical variance). PMID- 6781049 TI - Fibrinogen: a rapid electroimmunoassay method on cellulose acetate. PMID- 6781050 TI - Comparison of six methods for IgG, IgA and IgM determination. PMID- 6781051 TI - Rheumatoid factors in paraproteinemias. PMID- 6781052 TI - New clinical and immunological trends in cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 6781053 TI - Glomerulonephritis in essential IgG-IgM mixed cryoglobulinemia. PMID- 6781054 TI - Nephritic factor, C3 splitting activity, C3 and factor B breakdown products in glomerular diseases. PMID- 6781055 TI - [Antibody response to infection by hepatitis viruses]. PMID- 6781056 TI - Detection in serum of precipitating Ag/Ab system supposedly with non A non B hepatitis (N.A.N.B.). PMID- 6781057 TI - [Lafora disease complicating myoclonus epilepsy. Report of 3 cases]. AB - We studied four patients affected by progressive myoclonic epilepsy: three patients had the clinical features of Lafora's disease while the fourth was affected by a Lundborg's type of myoclonic epilepsy. In all above cases we found no specific electroencephalographic records of Lafora's disease; muscle histochemistry was useful for the diagnosis and the demonstration of PAS positive and NADH-TR positive Lafora's bodies. The Authors discuss the nosographic situation of Lafora's body disease among the progressive myoclonic epilepsies. PMID- 6781058 TI - [Prolactinomas and "idiopathic" hyperprolactinemia. Case series]. AB - Endocrine features in 22 women affected by idhyopatic hyperprolactinemia and in ten women affected by prolactin secreting adenoma have been assessed basic levels of FSH, LH, E2, T3, T4, and PRL were evaluated and dynamic tests by GnRH, TRH and bromocryptine were performed prolactin basal value and TRH dynamic test show some value in differentiating hydiopatic hyperprolactinaemia from prolactynomas, but no hormon by itself nor dynamic test show a reliable effectiveness for this diagnosis. PMID- 6781059 TI - [Fecal streptococci as indicators of fecal water contamination. III. Occurrence of fecal streptococci, coli group bacteria and fecal coliforms in water]. PMID- 6781060 TI - [Microbial resistance to various disinfectants. I. Phenol and aldehyde preparations]. PMID- 6781061 TI - Blood serotonin during seizure intervals in untreated epileptics with either partial or grand mal or petit mal seizures. PMID- 6781062 TI - Losses of ingested iron temporarily retained in the gastrointestinal tract. A possible auxiliary mechanism for regulation of iron absorption. AB - Excretion of radioiron 1 month after oral intake was studied in 6 healthy men by means of whole-body-counting. In one of the subjects as much as 17.6% of the 59Fe retained 2 weeks after oral intake was subsequently excreted. The radioiron losses were not due to bleeding. There was a fairly close positive correlation between iron status of the subjects and the amount of radioiron lost. It is thus probable that the observed losses of radioiron reflect a physiological mechanism which regulates iron absorption. PMID- 6781063 TI - Fc and C3 receptors as membrane differentiation markers of acute myelogenous leukaemia cells. AB - Acute myelogenous leukaemia cells (AML) and cells of chronic myelogenous leukaemia blast crisis (CGL-CB) were examined for the presence of receptors for Fc IgG fragment (FcR), receptors for the complement components (CR1 and CR2), and the surface immunoglobulins including the light kappa and lambda type chains. The leukaemia blasts were found to be the cells poor in receptors and poorly differentiated. As a rule, they contained very small amount of detectable FcR, CR2, and CR1. Analysis of AML cell populations separated on the discontinuous density gradient revealed that the appearance of FcR was followed by CR2 and CR1. The CGL-CB cells were more differentiated immunologically since, in comparison with the AML cells, in greater percentage they expressed the FcR, and the receptors for complement. Assays for surface immunoglobulins indicated that they were not an active product of the leukaemic blasts, but rather exogenous in origin. PMID- 6781064 TI - Structural studies of three IgG kappa proteins from a patient with multiple myeloma. AB - Three distinct IgG proteins of similar concentration and the same light-chain type were demonstrated in a myeloma serum. The bonds between the heavy and light chains were split, and the isolated gamma- and kappa-chains were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, subgroup determination and N-terminal amino acid sequence. The studies showed that the IgG heterogeneity was due to differences in the primary structure of the variable parts of the kappa-chains. Two of the kappa chains belonged to subgroup V kappa I, and one chain, the most anodic one, belonged to V kappa III The gamma-chains were homogeneous and belonged to subgroup VHIII. PMID- 6781065 TI - Monoclonal B lymphocytes in multiple myeloma. AB - Individual specific antisera were raised against the monoclonal serum component from six IgG myeloma patients. Idiotypic (Id) determinants were identified in direct or indirect immunofluorescence (IFL) on 0.5-44% B lymphocytes from five patients with active disease. Id determinants were not detected on B lymphocytes from one IgG-k myeloma patient with an imbalance in the expression of upsilon heavy chains and kappa light chains. Nor were Id determinants detected on E rosetting cells. Id structures were usually present together with upsilon chains on monoclonal B lymphocytes, some of which also carried mu and/or delta chains. Blood cells with lymphoplasmacytoid appearance were abundant in two patients. These cells carried IgG with Id determinants both in the cytoplasm and on the surface. Fc receptors were present on most cells carrying surface Id structures but were rare on cells with cytoplasmic monoclonal characteristics. The results further support the hypothesis of multiple myeloma as a differentiating B lymphocyte tumour. PMID- 6781066 TI - Innovation and evaluation. AB - Social, medical, and technological innovations are discussed, first with reference to historical examples and then with modern studies. I show the need for evaluating both the innovations themselves and the research processes leading to them. I suggest some kinds of research that need to be carried out if we are to continue to have a vigorous program of scientific and technological innovation. Finally, I explain the new initiative by the AAAS in science and engineering education. PMID- 6781067 TI - Detection of a milk factor that facilitates folate uptake by intestinal cells. AB - Folate binding proteins in milk were tested for their effect on folate absorption. The uptake of bound folate by isolated mucosal cells from the rat small intestine was twice that of free folate and differed from it in being more effective with progression down the small intestine, in not being affected by glucose or Dilantin, in having a higher pH optimum, and in being affected by calcium concentration. This milk factor may enhance folate absorption in infants, whose risk of folate deficiency is high. PMID- 6781069 TI - The economics of screening for colo-rectal cancer. PMID- 6781068 TI - Molecular basis of bunyavirus transmission by mosquitoes: role of the middle sized RNA segment. AB - In an examination of the molecular basis of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes., La Crosse (LAC), snowshoe hare (SSH), and LAC-SSH reassortant viruses were compared in their ability to be transmitted to laboratory mice by the natural mosquito vector of LAC virus, Aedes triseriatus. Both LAC virus and the reassortment viruses containing the middle-sized (M) segment from the LAC parent were efficiently transmitted. In contrast, SSH virus and reassortment viruses containing the M RNA from the SSH parent were inefficiently transmitted. Thus, the M RNA segment, which codes for the virion glycoproteins, may be a major determinant of oral transmission of bunyaviruses by mosquitoes. PMID- 6781070 TI - Sporadic military meningococcal disease: a diversity of presentations. AB - Thirty-four cases of meningococcal disease were identified in a retrospective survey of nine US Army posts in the southeastern United States from June 1977 to August 1979. Group B organisms predominated in dependents and civilian communities surrounding two of the posts, while active-duty personnel had a greater variety of organisms, with groups Y and C predominating. The spectrum of clinical presentation and severity was diverse. Six cases of pneumonia with bacteremia occurred, all in basic trainees. A case of chronic meningococcemia was identified, as was one case of dermatitis-arthritis in a pregnant woman, which mimicked gonococcemia. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of sporadic meningococcal disease in military personnel and their dependents. PMID- 6781071 TI - Urine culture after treatment of uncomplicated cystitis in women. AB - The follow-up urine culture for urinary tract infection (UTI) is widely recommended, but it is done relatively infrequently in everyday practice. We thought an investigation of its effectiveness was warranted. The study population consisted of 141 women with a culture-proven symptomatic lower UTI. Of these, 56.7% (80) had a follow-up culture and 43.3% (61) did not. The two groups were found to be comparable in important parameters of risk for urinary tract infection and its complications. The relative risk of a subsequent symptomatic UTI was 0.5 for women who did not obtain a follow-up urine culture (95% confidence interval = 0.2 to 1.5). The follow-up urine culture in asymptomatic, healthy women may be unjustified. PMID- 6781072 TI - Clinical determinants of tuberculosis screening. AB - Because of declining prevalence of tuberculosis in the United States, standard laboratory tests detect fewer actively infected patients. Of 6,884 cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in three years at our hospital, only 2% were positive. To select other effective screening variables, we retrospectively reviewed patients in whom cultures were ordered. Charts of 79 patients with active tuberculosis and 226 patients whose cultures were negative were reviewed for 45 signs, symptoms, and laboratory tests determined at the time of initial contact. Those variables which distinguished the MTB-active from the nonactive were: history of weight loss, prior exposure, night sweats, fever, abnormal chest roentgenogram, positive skin test (PPD) (at P less than .001), and cough and abnormal pulmonary examination (at P less than .05). An algorithmic analysis suggests that weight loss and/or cough, followed by abnormal chest x-ray film and/or positive PPD, would detect 77% of the MTB-infected persons in whom these tests were done. The classic signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis continue to be excellent screening variables. When combined with the chest x-ray film and PPD, they may allow use of the culture as a confirmatory test, rather than its current inappropriate use as a screening test, for a disease of low prevalence. PMID- 6781073 TI - Indigenous acquisition of epidemic typhus in the eastern United States. PMID- 6781074 TI - The maturation and aging of the vertebrae of marmosets. AB - This study deals with the growth, maturation, and age changes to the cartilaginous end-plates of vertebrae from marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) varying in age from birth to 10 years. The cartilaginous end-plate is divided into an inner growth layer and an outer articular zone that abuts against the intervertebral disc. The growth cartilage gradually narrows and disappears by 1 year of age, when the animal reaches physical maturity. The articular cartilage undergoes changes in collagen and ground substance that leads to its calcification. There was a progressive resorption of the calcified articular cartilage beginning at 3 years of age and continuing throughout the aging period. In the vertebrae of 8- and 10-year-old animals, only a thin layer of calcified cartilage separates the disc from the underlying bone. PMID- 6781075 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis (Hunter's syndrome) in a black family. AB - A black patient who presented with the clinical features of a mucopolysaccharidosis is described. Biochemical investigations showed that the proband had type II B mucopolysaccharidosis (Hunter's syndrome), and a family study revealed that a further 2 males were affected. This suggested that the inheritance was hemizygous for the X-linked gene and that the mother was the obligate carrier. Documented cases of mucopolysaccharidosis among Blacks are uncommon in the literature. PMID- 6781077 TI - [Oncogenic viruses associated with lymphomas in primates, including man]. PMID- 6781076 TI - [Gonadotropins in amenorrhea]. AB - Serum gonadotrophin values were measured in 410 patients with amenorrhoea. These patients were grouped into five groups in order to determine diagnostic gonadotrophin values, since the latter are most often implicated in the diagnostic investigation of patients with amenorrhoea. Statistically significant differences were noted. To differentiate between hypergonadotrophin amenorrhoea and polycystic ovarian disease, determination of both gonadotrophins, namely follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), is necessary. Because of overlapping of values in the polycystic ovarian disease group and the normogonadotrophic group, the LH:FSH ratio is important. PMID- 6781078 TI - [Morphologic and ultrastructural observations in two cases of Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781079 TI - Concepts in the financial management of hospital social work departments. AB - Concepts in the financial management of social work departments such as the utilization of cost-benefit as a way of thinking, the identification of funding sources for the department, and development of an understanding of budgetary practices are explored. Examples are offered of revenue production in in-patient and ambulatory care programs. Ideas about the contribution of social work to a hospital in an organized matrix structure are discussed. Social work can become a revenue rather than expense center by translating key functions into financial management terms. PMID- 6781080 TI - A social work director comments. PMID- 6781081 TI - Irradiation with external beam and interstitial radioactive implant as primary treatment for early carcinoma of the breast. AB - The locoregional control of 60 to 61 patients supports the results published by other centers and compares favorably with results of any surgical series. The cosmetic results are excellent with only three of 61 patients having severe fibrosis of the breast develop. No rib fractures, skin ulcerations, symptomatic radiation pneumonitis, edema of the arm or limitation of arm movement have been observed as complications. Ten of the 28 patients who have had axillary dissection had transient edema of the breast develop. Results of numerous studies suggest that primary radiotherapy without mastectomy is appropriate treatment for early carcinoma of the breast. The accessibility of the breast makes it relatively easy to deliver curative doses of radiation with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues. The cumulative radiotherapy experience has demonstrated the gratifying results of not only maintaining a rather normal breast but also avoiding the negative physical and psychologic repercussions of the mastectomy. Radiation therapy is an alternative to Halsted's radical mastectomy. PMID- 6781082 TI - Economic aspects of the management of ocular hypertension. AB - Ocular hypertension is a statistical concept, but its presence should arouse suspicion of glaucoma. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy. Screening for ocular hypertension may not be economically sound because of the high false positive detection rate. Glaucoma is without cost until it is treated or too late. If treatment prevents visual loss it is worthwhile. However, treatment may not prevent glaucoma-induced visual loss. It could be argued that it is more economical to ignore glaucoma than to either screen for ocular hypertension or treat glaucoma. Ophthalmologists will continue to disregard these points, partly because they don't believe them or are fearful of liability, but more likely because they are more concerned about an individual person than about statistical proof of benefit and their primary goal is to avoid risk to the patient even if this is not clearly cost-effective. That decision is correct until better techniques are developed for predicting visual field loss and more effective therapies are established to prevent visual field loss. PMID- 6781083 TI - A new replacement for small vessels. AB - A new modification of the mandril-grown vascular prosthesis appears to combine the best features of presently available synthetic vascular replacement materials. Glutaraldehyde-tanned polyester mesh-supported conduits (diameters 4, 6, and 8 mm) grown in the subcutaneous tissue of sheep, maintain 100% patency in the aortic, aortoiliac, and common iliac positions of canine recipients for over 2 years. One-millimeter diameter grafts placed in the infrarenal abdominal aorta of rat recipients were patent in 72% for 6-month follow-up periods. The grafts maintained a modicum of antigenicity despite tanning, as evidenced by the slightly elevated hemagglutination (0 to 2 dilutions) titers against sheep red blood cells in ovine graft recipients and the accelerated rejection of the donor strain skin grafts in Fischer rats receiving Brown-Norway conduits. Finally, in a limited clinical study, 21 of 24 femoropopliteal and three of three femoroposterior tibial grafts remained patent in short follow-up periods (2 to 16 months). Two aortocoronary bypass grafts have continued to function in one patient for 19 months. Minimal inflammatory reaction and no aneurysmal degeneration were found in the material studied. PMID- 6781084 TI - Nonrefluxing central venous catheters in children. AB - A central venous catheter occasionally is necessary in infants to maintain adequate nutritional support. Our experience shows that routine dressing changes are not necessary. Clinical studies of a slit-valve central venous catheter in which intraluminal thrombosis is eliminated are described. The combination of minimal dressing manipulation, adequate dressing protection, and the nonrefluxing slit-valve catheter have markedly reduced sepsis rates. PMID- 6781086 TI - [Microcirculation in chronic ischemic heart disease and the effects of nitroglycerin on microcirculation]. PMID- 6781085 TI - The therapeutic advantages of a balanced nutritional support system. AB - Twenty-two critically ill patients were entered into a 21-day prospective study to evaluate the feasibility of relying on a balanced nutritional support system to satisfy the needs of a diverse group of surgical patients. No patient sustained a serious complication related to glucose metabolism, and only two patients required insulin. Twenty-one of the patients achieved positive nitrogen balance during the study, and 13 had a significant weight gain not related to water retention. Documented sepsis was present in 50% of the patients but in spite of this, 91% had a successful course of therapy. The ease of management and metabolic efficiency of this approach encourages the use of fat as a primary energy substrate in a balanced nutritional support system to restore positive energy and nitrogen balance. PMID- 6781087 TI - [Glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex and the indicators of the histamine-diamine oxidase system of blood in acute brucellosis]. PMID- 6781088 TI - [Spontaneous thyroliberin-stimulated thyrotropin secretion in duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6781089 TI - [Various indicators of immunity in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6781090 TI - [Various clinico-biochemical aspects of regulation of gastric juice and pepsin secretion by gastric glands]. PMID- 6781091 TI - Oesophageal diverticula: principles of management and appraisal of classification. AB - In this paper we review a consecutive series of 50 oesophageal diverticula, appraise clinical features and methods of management, and suggest an improvement on the World Health Organization classification. The link between oesophageal diverticula and motor disorders as assessed by oesophageal manometry is stressed. It is necessary to correct the functional disorder as well as the diverticulum if it is causing symptoms. A revised classification could be as follows: congenital- single or multiple; acquired--single (cricopharyngeal, mid-oesophageal, epiphrenic other) or multiple (for example, when cricopharyngeal and mid oesophageal present together, or when there is intramural diverticulosis. PMID- 6781092 TI - Evidence that rifampicin can be used safely for non-tuberculous diseases. AB - The incidence of primary resistance to rifampicin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been analysed in countries where rifampicin is restricted to use for treating tuberculosis and in countries where its use is not restricted. There is no evidence that rifampicin-resistant M tuberculosis strains are more common where the use of the drug is unrestricted. Resistance to rifampicin is less common than is resistance to streptomycin or to isoniazid. We can thus see no danger of producing resistant strains of M tuberculosis if rifampicin therapy is used for short periods for non-tuberculosis infections. The problem of resistance mutants arising in the non-tuberculous species being treated is overcome by combining rifampicin with trimethoprim. PMID- 6781093 TI - A simple method for estimation of lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase pathways in human platelets--the use of thiobarbituric acid reaction. AB - To develop a simple method for estimation of platelet lipoxygenase (PLO) and cyclo-oxygenase (PCO) pathways, the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism of human platelet was investigated under various experimental conditions by the use of the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) reaction and a radioisotope technique. A TBA-reactive substance different from malondialdehyde (MDA) via PCO pathway was detected and shown to be derived from the PLO pathway. Since the optimal pH and time course of its formation were different from those of MDA formation via PCO pathway, PLO and PCO pathways were estimated by quantitating the TBA-reactive substances produced by the incubation of AA either with aspirin-treated platelets or with untreated ones, respectively, each under optimal conditions. Normal values expressed in terms of nmol MDA/10(8) platelets were 1.17 +/- 0.34 (M +/- SD, n = 31) and 0.79 +/- 0.15 (n = 31) for PLO and PCO pathways respectively. PMID- 6781094 TI - Acquired von Willebrand's syndrome in the course of Waldenstrom's disease. AB - Acquired von Willebrand's syndrome with a regressive evolution is described in a 66 year old man with Waldenstrom's disease. An inhibitor electively directed against Ristocetin cofactor activity has been demonstrated, active in vitro after incubation at 37 degrees C. Serum fractionation showed that the inhibitor was independent of the monoclonal IgM and subsequent purification that it was IgG in nature. The results permit its classification as an auto-antibody. PMID- 6781095 TI - Isolation and characterization of heparin from human mastocytoma tissue. AB - Polysaccharide was isolated from human spleen mastocytoma by proteolytic digestion, precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride, digestion with chondroitinase ABC, and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The final product (0.7 mg per g of starting material, MW 8000) behaved like standard heparin on ion-exchange chromatography and on electrophoresis, and contained D glucuronic acid, L-iduronic acid, D-glucosamine and sulfate in the proportions expected for heparin. Affinity chromatography on antithrombin-Sepharose separated a distinct high-affinity fraction (4-5% of the total material). Structural analysis of this fraction showed that about 10% of the D-glucosamine residues were N-acetylated, the remainder N-sulfated. The anticoagulant activity of the isolated heparin was 71 B.P. units per mg (whole-blood system), or 30 units per mg (anti-thrombin and chromogenic substrate). 205 and 10-15 units per mg (chromogenic assay) were found for high and low affinity fractions, respectively. These results demonstrate conclusively the occurrence of heparin in a human tissue. PMID- 6781096 TI - Optical density variations and microscopic observations in the evaluation of platelet shape change and microaggregate formation. AB - Addition of Ristocetin to formalin-fixed platelets suspended in diluted PPP induces a marked increase in turbidity which is not caused by platelet shape change but by the formation of microaggregates. If diluted PPP of patients with severe von Willebrand's disease is used, only an initial increase in turbidity and no further decrease is observed without any form variation of the platelets but again with formation of many microaggregates. In normal PRP diluted with buffered EDTA, ADP induces an increase in turbidity without further changes in optical density. Simultaneously platelets immediately change their shape with formation of pseudopodia and sphering but at the same time also microaggregates appear. Shape change and microaggregate formation can also be observed after the addition of Collagen to undiluted PRP which is followed by the formation of large aggregates and a decrease in optical density. Increase in optical density in undiluted PRP is not a specific indicator of platelet shape changes. Microaggregates can alone or partially be responsible for these changes. For the evaluation of platelet shape changes but also for the estimation of microaggregate formation microscopic methods are preferred. PMID- 6781097 TI - Blood platelets cause retraction of collagen gel. AB - Human blood platelets cause the collagen gel retraction (CGR) with concomitant exclusion of fluid. CGR is positively related to the number of incorporated platelets and inversely to collagen concentration. Disruption of platelets, EDTA and cytochalasin B inhibit CGR. Platelets from patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia are active in CGR. The similarities and differences of CGR and fibrin retraction are discussed. PMID- 6781099 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. IV. Mechanism of increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6781098 TI - Changes of fibrinolysis and factor VIII coagulant, antigen, and ristocetin cofactor in diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6781100 TI - Localization of a cross-link donor site in the alpha-chain of human fibrin. PMID- 6781101 TI - Residual heteroantigenicity of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine cardiac valves. AB - Treatment of porcine valves in vitro with glutaraldehyde significantly decreases their heteroantigenicity, as judged by immune reaction in mice heterografted with glutaraldehyde-treated valves or injected intraperitoneally with valvular homogenates. Conditioned porcine valves, grafted in a cutaneous pouch onto the backs of two different inbred strains (C57Bl and DBA) behave like inert material and show minimal cellular infiltration at histological examination. Little or no antibody response, demonstrate with the cytotoxicity test is elicited by glutaraldehyde-treated valvular tissue, either grafted or injected intraperitoneally as homogenate. These data supply a biological basis for the surgical practice of heterotransplants of glutaraldehyde-treated valves as an alternative to the artificial prostheses. PMID- 6781102 TI - The properties of antibody against smooth endoplasmic reticulum of melanocytes. AB - The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth-surface membrane, SSM) is quite similar in properties to the cytoplasmic which is known to be antigenic. SSM of the melanoma melanocytes can be isolated from the mouse melanoma as a reasonably pure preparation and it contains tyrosinase. Rabbits were immunized by the SSM isolated from Harding-Passey mouse melanomas. Formation of the antibody was detected by the double immuno-diffusion method. Anti-SSM-serum thus formed was found to react with cytoplasmic membrane in the immunofluorescent test, and also showed the specific cytotoxicity to the mouse melanoma cells. On the other hand, the tyrosinase activity of SSM was not inhibited by this antiserum. PMID- 6781103 TI - Fluorometric measurement of alpha-L-iduronidase activity using 4 methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronide. AB - Using 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronide as a substrate, alpha-L-iduronidase activity was measured in leukocytes and in lymphoblastoid cells obtained from patients with alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency and from obligate heterozygotes for this disease. There was complete discrimination between alpha-L-iduronide in leukocytes and in lymphoblastoid cells from the patients and controls. However, overlap was observed between values of the activity in the obligate heterozygotes and those in the controls. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-L-iduronidase activity because of greater sensitivity, easier assay procedure and shorter incubation period. PMID- 6781104 TI - Polydispersity of glycosaminoglycans in normal human urine. AB - To elucidate precise nature of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG) GAG in the acidic subfractions obtained in a previous paper (Endo et al. 1980) were quantitated by digestion with mucopolysaccharidases, nitrous acid treatment and by quantitative cellulose acetate membrane (Separax) electrophoresis. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates and chondroitin, dermatan sulfate and dermatan, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and acidic glycopeptide were found in wide distribution in these subfractions. The results suggested the presence of various degree of the depolymerization products of each GAG and of wide range of the desulfation products of each sulfated GAG. Distribution map of each GAG in the subfractions showed more detailed polydispersity of GAG in normal human urine than that reported previously. PMID- 6781105 TI - Chronic toxicity of 3,4,3',4'- and 2,5,2',5'-tetrachlorobiphenyls in rhesus macaques. PMID- 6781106 TI - Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptophan nephrotoxicity by alpha-difluoromethyl-dopa, an inhibitor or L-amino acid decarboxylase. AB - Oral and intraperitoneal treatment of rats with L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) caused dose-dependent kidney damage characterized by increase in kidney weight, functional disturbances and focal tubular necrosis. Alpha-Difluoromethyl-DOPA (DFMD), a drug that inhibits the conversion of 5-HTP to L-5-hydroxytryptamine (5 HT) abolished the nephrotoxicity of 5-HTP. PMID- 6781107 TI - [Value of cranial computed tomography]. PMID- 6781108 TI - A successful program of immunizing Rh-negative male volunteers for anti-D production using frozen/thawed blood. AB - Individually matched (rhesus-D) Rh-positive frozen/thawed red blood cells were used to immunize 28 Rh-negative male volunteers. The immunizing schedule consisted of a single unit (200 ml) of frozen/thawed red blood cells, followed by six monthly booster doses (0.5 to 1.0 ml) after a rest period of six months. A final response rate of 93 percent (26 of 28) was achieved. All responders had produced anti-D before the second booster injection (mean detection time 4.25 months). Retrospective analysis indicated that the final response rate and the level of anti-D response could be predicted as early as seven to eight months from the start of immunization. These findings have practical implications for deciding when to discontinue immunization. The Rh genotype of the immunizing cells did not appear to be an important factor in determining the anti-D response, and with the matching system used, antibodies other than anti-C, D, and/or E were not produced. The use of frozen/thawed red blood cells for immunization has the advantage of permitting optimum matching for undesirable red blood cell antigens and minimizing the risk of transmitting disease to the recipients. PMID- 6781109 TI - [Evaluation of nutritional state of patients with esophageal cancer treated by total parenteral nutrition]. AB - Six patients with carcinoma of the esophagus (proximal and middle one-third) underwent intravenous artificial nutrition (TPN) both during preoperative radiation therapy and during the periods preceding radical surgery. From admission on, their conditions were evaluated and followed according to an established pattern of assessment of the nutritional state. Besides a certain improvement of the nutritional state at the level both of the muscular and adipose tissues, the results showed the reliability and the reproducibility of the serial anthropometric indexes adopted. With regard to the biochemical indexes most commonly utilized for evaluating the nutritional state, the results confirmed the doubts already casted about the reliability of a great part of these indexes when applied to this specific kind of patients. PMID- 6781110 TI - [A long-term medical department in a provincial region. Patient material and function]. PMID- 6781111 TI - [Evaluation of medical practices]. PMID- 6781112 TI - [Metabolic and endocrinologic aspects of anorexia nervosa: study of 22 patients]. PMID- 6781113 TI - [Symptomatology of partial temporal lobe epilepsy]. PMID- 6781114 TI - [The combined treatment of prostate cancer (stage C) with definitive megavoltage irradiation and fast neutrons (DT, 14 MeV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781115 TI - Endocrinology of testicular neoplasms. AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis finely regulates levels of circulating sex steroids--especially testosterone and estradiol--and spermatogenesis. Testosterone, directly as an androgen and as a prehormone for estradiol, regulates LH secretion at both hypothalamic and pituitary levels. Leydig cells, principally under the control of LH, produce testosterone. Sertoli cells, under the control of FSH, and sensitive to intratesticular levels of testosterone, produce estradiol. This locally produced estrogen seems to be necessary for maturation of the germ cells. An abnormality in this sensitive control system, leading to elevations in gonadotrophins or steroid levels, may be etiologically important in both germ cell and nongerm cell neoplasia. Testicular cancers are associated frequently with endocrinologic manifestations, which may be more disabling to the patient than the malignant potential of the tumor, especially with childhood Leydig cell tumors. Estrogen dominance with an elevated estrogen/testosterone ratio can be seen in any testicular neoplasm and may result in gynecomastia. It may be due to a decrease in circulating testosterone or to an increase in estrogens. Virilization is seen frequently in Leydig cell tumors of adolescents. Further elucidation of hormonal interrelationships should lead to better understanding of the genesis of testicular neoplasia and to more effective therapy. PMID- 6781116 TI - Rapid superpulse carbon dioxide laser treatment of urethral condylomata. AB - Complete eradication of urethral condylomata was accomplished by rapid super pulsed carbon dioxide laser in 4 patients. Minimal postoperative discomfort and lack of stricture formation indicate that this new modality is an advantageous, fast, and secure method of management of intraurethral condylomata, and substantiated by our previous experimental reports. PMID- 6781117 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of female urethra associated with diverticula. AB - Three cases of primary adenocarcinoma of the female urethra associated with diverticula are presented. Although the apparent risk of malignant change in urethral diverticula is low, such lesions are usually adenocarcinomas and may arise from urethritis glandularis, mesonephric rests, periurethral glands, or cloacogenic rests. PMID- 6781118 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary chronic pancreatitis complicated by mechanical jaundice]. AB - The observation of 32 cases of primary (autonomous) pancreatitis with more or less pronounced mechanical jaundice resulting from a compression of the pancreatic portion of the common bile duct is analyzed. The authors believe that it is necessary to abolish both biliary and pancreatic hypertension and to create favourable conditions for the outflow of the bile and pancreatic juice. Variants of the operations are thought to depend on the degree and extension of changes in the both systems of ducts. PMID- 6781119 TI - [Complications after operations on the biliary tracts and their prevention]. AB - Among 259 planned operations on bile ducts 102 operations were performed for complicated cholecystitis and 36 operations for the syndrome after cholecystectomy. Intensive correcting therapy of morphofunctional disorders of the liver and pancreas in the pre- and postoperative period including the intraportal way of infusion as well as the optimal choice of the type of the surgical intervention allowed to reduce complications of acute hepatic insufficiency (3 patients or 1,15%) with one lethal outcome and to avoid pancreatonecrosis after the operation. Early diagnosis and timely surgical treatment of patients with cholelithiasis as well as special measures for the prevention of complications could result in less postoperative complications and lethality and better remote results of the surgery. PMID- 6781120 TI - Mastocytomas in the dairy cow: two case reports. PMID- 6781121 TI - [Types of 3d cerebral ventricle ependyma in sheep and their localization using segment analysis]. AB - Attention was focused to the determination of the topographical locality of different ependyma types and determination of their extent by the method of segment analysis. Brain samples of five sheep of the Slovak Merino breed were studied. Excised brains were transversally cut into segments from the frontal pole at 5mm intervals. The eighth, ninth and tenth slices were cast in paraffin and were cut in simultaneous series at 300 microns intervals, the cutting thickness being 10 microns. The paraffin slices were stained with haematoxylin eosine, Gomori's chromium haematoxylin, and by the aldehyde fuchsine method after Gomori. Nine types of ependymal epithelium of the third cerebral ventricle were observed, according to the kind and arrangement of cells. Remarkable differences were found in the occurrence of the types of cells and in their arrangement in the ependyma at the level of the arch of the side walls and bottom of the ventricle within each segment and within the extent of the studied transversal cuts. From the viewpoint of the regulation of hypophysial functions, a significant difference exists in the structure and organization of ependyma at the locality of recessus supraopticus, recessus infundibularis and recessus mammillaris. The results of our study are in agreement with findings in laboratory animals and enrich our previous findings. PMID- 6781122 TI - [Helminths in broiler geese fattened in runs]. AB - The occurrence of helminths in broiler geese was studied in the rapid-fattening technological system in 1974-1978. The birds were kept on grassy run adjacent to water. Helminthological examination was performed in 1065 broilers and the following 16 helminth species were revealed: Notocotylus attenuatus (0.3%), Apatemon gracilis (1.5%), Cotyrulus cornutus (0.1%), Hypoderaeum conoideum (0.1%), Retinometra longicirrosa (3.2%), Drepanidotaenia lanceolata (3.1%), Sobolevicanthus fragilis (0.7%), Diorchis stefanskii (0.8%), Microsomacanthus microsoma (0.9%), Dilepis undula (0.1%), Capillaria caudinflata (0.2%), Capillaria obsignata (7.7%), Amidostomum anseris (3.7%), Trichostrongylus tenuis (0.2%), Ganguleterakis dispar (16.8%), and Heterakis gallinarum (0.4%). Seven of these species were found for the first time in geese in Czechoslovakia (A. gracilis, C. cornutus, H. conoideum, M. microsoma, D. undula, C. caudinflata, and H. gallinarum). The species Dilepis undula has not been recorded in this host species ever before. The extensity and intensity of the invasions, the frequency of monoinvasions and mixed invasions, and the relation of invasion extensity and intensity to the age of the broilers examined were evaluated during the study. PMID- 6781123 TI - [Chemical diagnosis of sodium chloride poisoning in thoroughbred fur-bearing animals (foxes, coypu) and in turkeys and pheasants]. AB - For laboratory diagnosis of sodium chloride poisoning, the concentration of chlorides was polarographically determined in the liver of minks (seven-month-old and older), polar and silver foxes (eight-month-old and older), coypus (nine to ten month old), turkeys (three-month-old), and pheasants. The physiological concentration of sodium chloride in the liver of mink (n = 32) is 2.47 to 3.64 g kg-1, polar foxes (n = 30) 2.46 to 4.23 g kg-1, silver foxes (n =3) 3.27 to 3.44 g kg-1, coypu (n = 23) 1.79 to 3.05 g kg-1, turkeys (n = 30) 1.0 to 2.1 g kg-1, and pheasants (n = 28) 0.95 to 2.37 g kg-1. The exposure of the organism of a pheasant to single lethal doses of common salt (3.4 and 5 g NaCl per kg 1. w.) resulted in a 2.5- to 6-fold increase of salt concentration in liver, as compared with physiological concentration. A decreased concentration of sodium chloride (lower than the physiological standard) was found in the liver of deceased lactating minks. PMID- 6781124 TI - [Detection of rodenticidal preparations - urea derivatives (Dirax, Vacor) in biological materials using thin layer chromatography]. AB - The methods of toxicological detection of the rodenticides Dirax and Vacor (urea derivates) in biological material were worked out and tested. The new chromatographic methods using a thin silica gel layer can be of help in laboratory toxicological diagnostics. PMID- 6781125 TI - [Selective electrochemical method of quantitative determination of chlorides in biological material]. AB - An experiment was made to test the possibility of the quantitative analysis of chlorides in biological material by the modern potentiometric method using an ion selective electrode. The results were compared with the current practical methods -polarography and photometry. The results demonstrate the suitability and benefits of the use of the ion-selective electrode, mainly in the series determination of Cl- ion concentration in biological material. The expediency of the tested analytical method and its well-reproducible results demonstrate the advantages of the ion-selective method in the analysis of chlorides in biological material, as compared with the polarographic and photometric methods. PMID- 6781126 TI - The influence of dietary fat and non-specific immunotherapy on carcinogen-induced rat mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma in Sprague-Dawley female rats, caused by the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene, was influenced by the level of dietary fat fed after exposure to carcinogen. Carcinogen was given by stomach tube to 50-day-old rats, and tumors were evaluated when rats were 9 months old. Rats on diets containing 20% unsaturated fat had a tumor incidence of 97%, while rats changed to a low-fat diet (2% unsaturated fat) three or four weeks after exposure to the carcinogen had an incidence of 45%. Some rats on each diet were given two treatments with the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette Guerin, either three and five weeks after carcinogen or four and six weeks after carcinogen. Tumor incidence in the treated group and the untreated group was the same when rats were maintained on the high-fat diet, but tumors in the treated group were larger and the disease was more severe by histological criteria. These tumors were more anaplastic and many were extensively infiltrated with lymphocytes compared to the untreated group. Tumor incidence was significantly lower in rats changed to the low-fat diet (45%) than in those on the high-fat diet (97%), and tumor incidence was reduced to 20% when rats changed to the low fat diet were treated with methanol extraction residue. The treated group had less severe disease than the untreated group on the low-fat diet. Only half the tumor-bearing rats in this group had malignant tumors, and none were invasive. Methanol extraction residue protected most rats on the low-fat diet against mammary adenocarcinoma, and reduced the severity of disease in those rats that did develop tumors. Methanol extraction residue treatment provided no protection, and even increased the severity of disease, in rats on the high-fat diet. PMID- 6781127 TI - Immunological characteristics in cattle of allergens derived from smooth Brucella abortus S99. AB - Allergens prepared from a smooth strain of Brucella abortus (S99) were used in an intradermal test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle. The development and testing of the allergen from the initial less purified stages is described. The removal of serological activity noted in some of the earlier preparations can be related to the elimination of molecules of high molecular weight. The final allergen is of a high order of sensitivity and specificity and does not cause production of complement fixing or agglutinating antibodies. Intradermal testing with such an allergen could be a most useful addition to present serological procedures as it could be carried out at the same time as tuberculin testing. As a routine surveillance test, particularly in low prevalence areas, it would eliminate the necessity for extensive blood sampling and in many cases detect the infected herd before serological tests would have become positive. PMID- 6781128 TI - [Medicosocial problems and the organization of assistance to diabetic children]. PMID- 6781130 TI - [Out-patient care of cardiovascular patients]. PMID- 6781129 TI - [Surveillance of the respiratory tract in a patient with multiple trauma]. PMID- 6781132 TI - [Criteria for assessing adaptation to shift work]. PMID- 6781133 TI - [On old age]. PMID- 6781131 TI - [Some aspects concerning the methods of medical rehabilitation applied in a balneoclimatic sanatorium for children]. PMID- 6781134 TI - [Monitoring of respiratory function of children in intensive care units]. PMID- 6781135 TI - [The contribution of auxiliary medical personnel to the care of the patient in hepatic coma]. PMID- 6781136 TI - [The role of the medical nurse in performing angiographies]. PMID- 6781137 TI - [Artificial respiration in the operated newborn]. PMID- 6781138 TI - [The first Romanian health achievements in Transsylvania]. PMID- 6781139 TI - The pathology of viral hepatitis in chimpanzees. PMID- 6781140 TI - [Modification of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity by certain amine inhibitors]. AB - Monoamine oxidase inhibitors /trans-2-phenylcyclopropylamine, pyrazidol, phenharmane/ belonging to the category of primary or secondary amines, in the molecule of which/ after dehydration/ formation of an azomethine bond is possible, modified the activity of membrane bound bovine brain monoamine oxidases inhibiting the deamination of serotonin and, at the same time, causing appearance of or significant increase in cadaverine--or histamine--deaminating properties. This modification was not caused either by primary amines /amphetamine, GABA/ which are not potent monoamine oxidase inhibitors or by the amines possessing strong monoamine oxidase inhibiting properties/pargylline, deprenyl, harmine/ but devoid of the potential property of forming an azomethine bond. In vivo trans-2 phenylcyclopropylamine, pyrazidol or phenharmane /contrary to amphetamine/ did modify the monoamine oxidase activity in brain of mice inducing the deamination of histamine and decreasing its tissue concentration. PMID- 6781141 TI - [Decrease in the activity of the cytoplasmic regulator of mitochondrial function in liver ischemia]. AB - In ischemic impairment of liver tissue the activating effect of the cytoplasmic thermostable fraction on the transport of Ca2+ ions was decreased in liver mitochondria. Fast decrease in the cytoplasmic activity occurred also after preincubation of liver homogenate with salt solutions. Inactivation of the cytoplasmic regulator was prevented by addition of EGTA into the homogenate, but Ca2+ showed the opposite effect. The data obtained suggest that high concentration, of Ca2+ in cytosol under conditions of ischemia is responsible for decrease of the cytoplasmic regulator activity. PMID- 6781142 TI - [Potentiometric study of the progress of the glycogen synthetase reaction]. AB - A procedure for continuous recording of the glycogen synthetase 1 activity, based on the potentiometry, is described. The stoichiometric ratio of H+/UDP, estimated at pH 7.8 and 30 degrees, was equal to 0.89 +/- 0.01. The specific activity of the enzyme did not depend on the buffer capacity in the incubation mixture containing 0.8-10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8. The course of reaction had a linear type at the enzyme concentration of 4-20 mcg/ml in presence of 10 mM MgCl2. The rate of glycogen synthetase reaction was decreased in the course of experiment if the activator was absent. MgCl2 was more suitable activator than Na2SO4, universally accepted for this form of the enzyme. PMID- 6781143 TI - [Morphofunctional liver studies of white rats with toxic hepatitis maintained on parenteral nitrogen feeding]. AB - Subcutaneous administration of noriamine S-2, a mixture of crystalline amino acids, and improved casein hydrolysate to rats on protein-free diet for 8 days completely made for protein insufficiency and did not materially affect the morphological appearance of liver tissue. in toxic hepatitis, administration of the above preparations improved liver function. However, the morphofunctional parameters did not completely return to normal. PMID- 6781144 TI - The role of protein deficiency in the aetiology of kwashiorkor. PMID- 6781145 TI - [Problems of treatment of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6781146 TI - [Biochemical and clinical renal symptoms in Lowe syndrome]. PMID- 6781147 TI - [The suppression of bronchospasm with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (author's transl)]. AB - The protective effect of DSCG (disodium cromoglycate) was tested in 23 patients with artificial bronchospasm induced by specific allergen. After premedication with DSCG there was no arise of airway resistance (Rt) in 11 of 23 patients. In 4 patients with significant bronchial reaction, spontaneous remission could be registrated. In 8 patients DSCG could not suppress artificial bronchospasm. The clinically relevant aspects of these findings are being discussed. PMID- 6781148 TI - [Therapy of occupationally induced allergic asthma and rhinitis (author's transl)]. AB - Different diagnostic tests and therapeutic regimens must be employed in the characterization and treatment of occupationally induced allergic rhinitis and asthma from those which are commonly used for non-occupationally caused forms of these diseases. This is due to the fact that there are no commonly available testing solutions of allergens to aid in diagnosis and, due to the lack of appropriate desensitizing agents, treatment must be limited to the use of symptom controlling drugs. PMID- 6781149 TI - [Guidelines for parenteral nutrition in oncological patients]. PMID- 6781150 TI - Hyphomicrobium as a component of the aquatic microflora--morphological and physiological studies on two strains. AB - Aspects of the morphology, metabolism and physiology of two oligocarbophilic strains of Hyphomicrobium (H4K and S5K), isolated from the Plusssee, were studied. Both strains are able to grow on mineral salts media without added organic carbon sources. Strain H4K grows well even in double distilled water. The two strains cannot grow on mineral media in the absence of atmospheric CO2. No growth occurred also in air purified of organic carbon, in spite of the presence of CO2. On the contrary, there is good growth in the presence of some organic compounds and without atmospheric CO2, i.e., heterotrophic metabolism without CO2 assimilation is possible. Growth was enhanced in a methanol atmosphere, and by the addition of yeast extract, methylamine, peptone and glucose. In nutrient solutions containing acetate or formate as carbon source, growth of H4K begins only after an adaptation period of ca. 4 weeks. PMID- 6781151 TI - Comparative studies on Egyptian elapid venoms. AB - The immunological properties of Naja haje from Western Desert, Naja haje of the Nile Delta, Naja nigricollis from Upper Egypt and Walternnesia aegyptia from Sinai Desert were compared using horse serum antivenin prepared from the Delta Naja haje venom. All elapid venoms showed very similar precipitin lines with immunodiffusion or immunoelectrophoresis on agar gel. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis showed either different concentration of certain similar protein components or the absence of some major protein fractions. However, different migration and localization of protein components were observed. LD50 of the 4 elapids and their degree of lethality was determined. Naja haje (Delta) antivenin had different degree of neutralization capacity on the investigated elapid venoms. No correlation between immunodiffusion similarities and the degree of neutralization could be deducted. PMID- 6781152 TI - [Possibilities of further improving biological sterilization tests]. PMID- 6781153 TI - [Procedure for gonococcal colony typing on nontransparent nutrient media]. PMID- 6781154 TI - [Presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in childhood]. PMID- 6781155 TI - [Problems in hypertension therapy in patients with a constant frequency pacemaker]. AB - Patients wtih pacemakers with constant frequency must cope with their problems of the regulation of the circulation without having the possibility of changing the heart rate. These are not inconsiderable under everyday conditions, e.g. in the orthostatic experiment. A large number of medicaments with coronary and antihypertensive effects disturbs the periphery of the circulation as the possibility of regulation which persist in the patients with pacemakers. On the basis of orthostatic experiments on patients with pacemakers with constant frequency the acute effect of drugs, such as nitroglycerin, trapidil, dihydroergotoxin and aminophyllin as well as the long-term effect of antihypertensive drugs concerning the disturbances of the orthostatic regulation is dealt with. The acute effect especially of nitroglycerin is clinically relevant. Concerning the permanent therapy with antihypertensive drugs, there exists probably a possibility of adaptation. In oral application Rauwolfia alkaloids and clonidin do not show a disadvantageous influence on the orthostatic behaviour. PMID- 6781156 TI - [Results of long-term therapy in hypertension]. AB - Two groups of patients with hypertension ( n = 16 and 20) with comparable average age and degree of severity of clinical hypertension were controlled in an ambulatory long-term investigation for 18 months. While one group was treated with an antihypertensive standard therapy, the other group got a fixed combination of dihydralazin and propranolol. In both groups a significant decrease of the systolic and diastolic initial blood pressure was seen, which was more pronounced in the second group. Side-effects of drugs more frequently appeared in the first group. On the other hand, the total cost were higher in the second group. Nevertheless, the stronger effect, the smaller number of tablets as well as the lower rates of side-effects pleads for the combination dihydralazin propranolol. PMID- 6781157 TI - [Average time prognosis of hypertension in qualitatively different treatment protocols]. AB - In 1969 within pilot studies in an Erfurt district altogether 254 patients with definitive hypertension as well as 208 patients with borderline hypertension of the male age groups from 1914 to 1923 were recognized. 135 test persons with definitive hypertension (RR--160/95 Torr) were treated antihypertensively within a clinical and ambulatory preventive programme for 8 years and compared with a control group of the same age (119 males of 45-54 years) concerning the presence of possible complications of hypertension, which was treated with unsatisfactory results. By a strict, permanently normotensive decrease of blood pressure--as pharmacotherapy above all the beta-receptor blocker propranolol alone or in the approved combination therapy with dihydralazine and/or hydrochlorothiazide was used--in connection with suitable measures for the intervention of other individual factors with effect on heart and circulation the risk of complications in definitive hypertension could be reduced. Taking into consideration the own long-term observations the necessity of a possibly early beginning medicamentous, antihypertensive permanent therapy of hypertension is without doubt, in borderline hypertension, however, it still remains actual subject of the discussion. PMID- 6781158 TI - [Experiences with the use of the VEB Junkalor Dessau "Spirolyt II" performance testing apparatus for short term measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production in experimental animals for the calculation of heat production]. PMID- 6781159 TI - [Leg length difference-, HWI- and lumbo syndrome one unit? Diagnostical and sociopolitical aspects. A research task? (author's transl)]. AB - After taking into consideration the external causes of ailments of different leg length syndrome statistics will now be presented on 423 cases won from own practice and experiences. After a short description of result on proceeding of medical examination follows a tight statement about radiodiagnosis. Reflections are carried out about correlations between cases of illness named in title and an impulse is given to an urgently needed research in this special field. Moreover sociopolitical aspects are intimated and there are suggestions expressed for future medical examinations. PMID- 6781160 TI - [Esophageal diverticula - an indication for surgery? Benign differential therapy for esophageal diseases (V)]. PMID- 6781161 TI - Influence of diabetes on basement membrane synthesis in isolated glomeruli. PMID- 6781162 TI - [Conditioned reflex analysis of functional connections between the hippocampus and limbic system structures]. AB - Instrumental defensive conditioned reflex elaborated in dogs to stimulation of the dorsal and ventral hippocampus, also appeared, due to generalization, in response to stimulation of a number of limbic structures. Two types of changes in the generalization effects (estimated by parameters of motor conditioned reaction) were observed in the course of conditioned reflex stabilization: enhancement (in response to stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus, lateral nucleus of septum, limbic cortex) and weakening toward complete disappearance (in response to stimulation of the medial nucleus of amygdala and medial hypothalamus). Manifestation of the generalization phenomenon from the brain structures, which are not involved initially into conditioned activity, suggests the existence of close functional connections between these structures and the hippocampus. PMID- 6781163 TI - The intestinal lactase polymorphism in Papua New Guinea. AB - Discovery of small numbers of people with the gene for persistence of intestinal lactase into adult life (PL) in several parts of Papua New Guinea (PNG) suggests that sporadic mutation as well as diffusion could account for at least part of its present distribution. The existing hypotheses attempting to account for at least part of its present distribution. The existing hypotheses attempting to account for the distribution of the gene have been applied to the available evidence in PNG populations. The water absorption and linkage disequilibrium hypotheses are possible explanations for selection of the trait; the culture historical and calcium absorption hypotheses seem unlikely, however, to explain the observed frequencies. It seems possible that more intensive study of the properties of the enzyme might reveal a connection with processes other than lactose hydrolysis. PMID- 6781164 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 4. Workshop of the Virology Section of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Hamburg. PMID- 6781165 TI - [On the present in vitro-susceptibility of N. meningitidis to benzyl-penicillin. A survey based on 82 fresh isolates from bacterial carriers belonging to the German Army (author's transl)]. AB - Lately, reports about bensylpenicillin-resistant meningococci have been made in Germany which ensued the presentation of results regarding MIC determinations of 82 strains freshly isolated from carriers. The geometric mean of all MIC values amounts to 0.026 mu/ml which value never exceeds 0.06 mu/ml which is why further spreading of benzylpenicillin-resistant meningococci does not appear to be likely as yet. PMID- 6781166 TI - Simple method for the detection of neisseria meningitidis from clinical specimens using discs soaked with vancomycin and colistin. Our modification of Berger's method. AB - In the presented study the author describes a simple isolation method of Neisseria meningitidis from clinical specimens. Besides the physiological mouth flora, indigenous and obligatory pathogens, 75 strains (1.15%) of N. m. could be demonstrated from sputa and pharyngeal or laryngeal swabs using this method. All the strains were isolated during the period from June to November 1977. PMID- 6781167 TI - INfluence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases on prothrombin, plasminogen and fibrinogen. AB - Out of 136 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa tested, 101 produced a procoagulant protease and 70 a protease with fibrinolytic activity. Strain No. 1800 producing both these proteases served as a source of the crude enzyme mixture. The crude enzyme was isolated from the supernatant and subjected to fractionation by isoelectric focusing. Five active components were isolated. Activities of individual proteases were compared. It was found that for prothrombin activation a protease characterized by isoelectric point of 7.0 is responsible; this protease is different from both collagenase and elastase. Protease available at isoelectric point of 8.8 is plasminlike and is also not identical with collagenase and elastase. PMID- 6781168 TI - [Use of endometrial biopsy on first day of cycle, CO2-hysterosalpingography, and PSP-hydrotubation in ambulatory diagnosis of female sterility (author's transl)]. AB - Three techniques for ambulatory diagnosis of female sterility are compared and critically assessed for their potential benefits and drawbacks. They are endometrial biopsy on the first day of cycle, hysterosalpingography in combination with CO2 pertubation, and hydrotubation, using 0.06 per cent phenolphthalein (Speck's test). There were many more inherent benefits than drawbacks, primarily with regard to informative value and avoidance of undesirable side effects. Good economy, convenient technical applicability, and relief of ward and operation theatre personnel are additional factors in favour of the above ambulatory approaches. PMID- 6781169 TI - [Animal experiments to study use of CO2 laser for salpingolysis (author's transl)]. AB - The animal experiments reported in this paper were applied to the uterine cornu of rabbit for the purpose of finding out whether CO2 laser could be used for successful salpingolysis. -Continuous intraluminal pH measurement was undertaken along with laser irradiation. Second-look operations were performed and accompanied by repeated pH measurement and histological tissue tests, after four weeks had elapsed from irradiation, in an attempt to verify radiation effects. Short-time pH decline was observed. Neither any adhesion nor induration was found to exist any longer in the irradiated area, four weeks after surgery. Low-residue healing of the uterine cornua, with no involvement of internal functional layers, was histologically confirmed. - The above experiments are likely to show that laser radiation has been of little functional and morphological impact upon the uterine cornu of rabbit. The authors, therefore, support the idea of using CO2 laser in salpingolysis to cut adhesions close to the fallopian tube and to stop bleeding at the same time. PMID- 6781170 TI - [The coagulation system in Rivanol-induced abortion (author's transl)]. AB - Second-trimester abortion was induced in 20 women by extra-amniotic instillation of rivanol. Studies were conducted into partial thromboplastin time (APIT), prothrombin, platelet count as well as into fibrinogen and fibrin split products. Twenty women with spontaneous abortion in the second trimester were used for control. APTT was elevated at the time of abortion, and both prothrombin as well as fibrin were elevated 24 hours after expulsion in response to rivanol-induced abortion. At the time of abortion, the fibrin split products in all cases or rivanol-induced abortion were higher than those of the control group. Yet, they were back to normal after another 24 hours. The platelet count did not change in the two groups during treatment. - The above results are likely to suggest that in both spontaneous abortion and rivanol-induced abortion the coagulation system is activated at similarly low levels, which seems to underline an unambiguous superiority over the use of hypertonic solutions for induced abortion. PMID- 6781171 TI - [The ischemic-septic syndrome after acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery in animal experiments. I. Methods, clinical signs, bacteriology, pathological anatomy]. PMID- 6781172 TI - Comparison of the effect of some diuretics on blood pressure and renal haemodynamics in dogs. PMID- 6781174 TI - Experimental studies on pathophysiology of septic shock in buffalo calves. PMID- 6781173 TI - Glucose and lactose absorption from the small intestine of dairy cows. PMID- 6781175 TI - Effect of feeding dichlorvos to sows in mid-pregnancy. PMID- 6781176 TI - Optimal level of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) flour in the diet of the growing chick. PMID- 6781177 TI - Serum mucoprotein and sialic acid in enzootic bovine haematuria. PMID- 6781178 TI - Fibrous Epulis in a one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). PMID- 6781179 TI - Comparison of B. melitensis Rev. 1 and B. abortus strain 19 as a vaccine against brucellosis in cattle. PMID- 6781180 TI - Seroprevalence of brucellosis and Q fever in dairy animals. PMID- 6781181 TI - A bio-physical basis of mathematics in synaptic function of the nervous system: a theory. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present a bio-physical basis of mathematics. The essence of the theory is that function in the nervous system is mathematical. The mathematics arises as a result of the interaction of energy (a wave with a precise curvature in space and time) and matter (a molecular or ionic structure with a precise form in space and time). In this interaction, both energy and matter play an active role. That is, the interaction results in a change in form of both energy and matter. There are at least six mathematical operations in a simple synaptic region. It is believed the form of both energy and matter are specific, and their interaction is specific, that is, function in most of the 'mind' and placed where it belongs - in nature and the synaptic regions of the nervous system; it results in both places from a precise interaction between energy (in a precise form) and matter ( in a precise structure). PMID- 6781182 TI - [Natural law, causality and induction: a contribution to theorectical biology]. AB - According to the situation of recent biology it seems to be necessary to continue the theorectical foundation of this science, and especially a foundation beyond physics and metaphysics. The preconditions of such a project are given with the problems of causality, natural law and induction. The discussion of these subjects in modern philosophy of science did not bring useful results, for philosophy of science itself is orientated by physics. On the other hand even the history of these problems in biology shows that the acceptance of physical or philosophical viewpoints leads to invincible difficulties. Therefore, in this paper, I have tried to demonstrate the necessity of analyzing these basic problems in a new way. The conditions and circumstances of a biological phenomenon have a special kind of multidimensional relationship, so that they cannot be reduced to simple linear systems of cause and effect. The fact that biological systems have a lot of retroactive effects make the description of their causality much more complicated than it is in physics. So the natural law in biology is characterized by its relativity concerning the parameters which create the special dependence of a biological phenomenon's constituent parts. PMID- 6781183 TI - Functional morphology and evolutionary biology. AB - In this study the relationship between functional morpholoy and evolutionary biology is analysed by confronting the main concepts in both disciplines. Rather than only discussing this connection theoretically, the analysis is carried out by introducing important practical and experimental studies, which use aspects from both disciplines. The mentioned investigations are methodologically analysed and the consequences for extensions of the relationship are worked out. It can be shown that both disciplines have a large domain of their own and also share a large common ground. Many disagreements among evolutionary biologists can be reduced to differences in general philosophy (idealism vs. realism), selection of phenomenona (structure vs. function), definition of concepts (natural selection) and the position of the concept theory as an explaining factor (neutralists vs selectionist, random variation, determinate selection, etc.). The significance of functional morphology for evolutionary biology, and vice versa depends on these differences. For a neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory, contributions from functional and ecological morphology are indispensable. Of ultimate importance are the notions of internal selection and constraints in the constructions determining further development. In this context the concepts of random variation and natural selection need more detailed definition. The study ends with a recommendation for future research founded in a system-theoretical or structuralistic conception. PMID- 6781184 TI - A simple purification scheme yielding crystalline phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. AB - A very simple and rather unusual purification scheme for phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus has been worked out. Air is bubbled vigorously through the bacterial culture and the foam collected. Liquified foam is centrifuged, dialyzed and heated at 74 degrees C for 5 min. After centrifugation, affinity chromatography is carried out on lipoprotein-Sepharose. The enzyme is then thermally denatured by exposure to 85 degrees C for 5 min and the precipitated material well washed and then renatured from solution in 4 M guanidinium chloride. The final enzyme preparations are electrophoretically homogeneous and easy to crystallize. The recovery of activity exceeds 80%. PMID- 6781185 TI - Effect of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on pantoate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1. PMID- 6781186 TI - D-Malate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1. AB - An enzyme catalyzing oxidative decarboxylation of D-malate was induced by D malate and beta, beta-dimethyl-malate in Pseudomonas fluorescens UK-1. D-Malate dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from the cells grown on D-malate by using ammonium sulfate precipitation, heat treatment, DEAE-sephadex chromatography, Ultrogel AcA 34 gel filtration and 5'-AMP-Sepharose affinity chromatography. D-Malate dehydrogenase has a molecular weight of 140 000 and contains 4 identical subunits of 34 000. The enzyme is very stable against sulfhydryl group reagents or alkylating agents and rather stable against heat or protein denaturants like urea or sodium dodecyl sulfate. NAD protects against heat inactivation and trypsinization but not against protein denaturants. D Malate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli does not cross-react with anti-D malate dehydrogenase to D-malate dehydrogenase form P.fluorescens UK-1. PMID- 6781187 TI - Inhibition of cell proliferation by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a catalytic irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6781188 TI - DL-alpha Difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, blocks chick embryo development at gastrulation. PMID- 6781189 TI - The influence of heparin on haemodynamics and blood gases during abdominal aortic surgery. AB - Central haemodynamics and blood gases were measured in 26 patients undergoing elective aortic surgery for atherosclerotic or aneurysmal disease. Recordings were made at seven defined time points, starting before anaesthesia and ending 30 min after declamping of the aorta. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving heparin at an early stage and the other at a late stage of the operative procedure. A declamping shock phenomenon could be prevented by thorough blood and fluid replacement. After removal of the aortic clamp the cardiac output increased, except in a few patients who were considered preoperatively to be poor risks. A significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension and increase in pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures occurred in patients receiving heparin at a later stage. The effect of heparin points to possible intravascular coagulation and pulmonary microembolism during the operation. PMID- 6781190 TI - [Serum lipids in undernourished Venezuelan preschool children during the recovery phase]. PMID- 6781191 TI - Age-related changes in the feedback regulation of gonadotrophin secretion by sex steroids in men. PMID- 6781192 TI - The prolactin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone is intact in the human male castrate. PMID- 6781193 TI - Altered serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronines and diiodothyronines in endogenous depression. AB - Serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5 triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3' T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) were studied in 80 patients with endogenous depression before and after electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). Compared to the values found after recovery, the patients when depressed had significant increased serum levels of T4, rT3, 3,3'-T2 and 3',5'-T2. Serum concentrations of T3 and 3,5-T2 were not significantly altered. Similarly the free T4 index (FT4I) was increased, while the free T3 index (FT3I) was unaffected. Previous studies have shown a reduced TSH response to TRH in patients with endogenous depression and that the long-term outcome after ECT is strongly related to changes in the TSH response. However, patients with increased TSH response to TRH (n = 23) had a pattern of serum iodothyronine concentrations similar to those (n = 57) with an unchanged TSH response. A similar pattern was also found in 7 patients with nonendogenous psychosis, in whom the TSH response to TRH was unchanged after recovery. It is concluded that the alterations of the TSH response to TRH found in endogenous depression cannot be explained by changes of FT4I or FT3I. PMID- 6781194 TI - The progesterone intrauterine device its uses and efficiency. PMID- 6781195 TI - Steroid releasing vaginal rings. PMID- 6781196 TI - Clinical differential diagnosis of hairy-cell leukaemia. AB - The data on hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) and resembling disorders in the literature and in our patients were analyzed to determine which clinical features and laboratory data are important for the recognition of HCL in an early stage. In pancytopenic patients the typical pattern of bone marrow involvement in HCL and the low number of monocytes in the peripheral blood appear to be essential for the differential diagnosis. In patients with many neoplastic cells in the peripheral blood, the presence of neutropenia and monocytopenia as well as tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in the neoplastic cells, appears to be crucial for early diagnosis. Thus, the clinical features and routine laboratory data alone are sufficient in the majority of cases to suggest the diagnosis HCL. The monocytopenia proved to be most helpful in this respect. Nevertheless, in all patients, and certainly in patients presenting with atypical features, a bone marrow biopsy is indispensable for the correct diagnosis. PMID- 6781197 TI - Multiple myeloma and acute myelomonocytic leukemia: simultaneous occurrence without previous chemotherapy. AB - A patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia was found to have IgG paraprotein on serum electrophoresis Bence Jones K proteinuria and increased plasma cells (30%) on marrow examination. The simultaneous occurrence of the two diseases was well documented by cytochemical immunological and electron-microscopic findings. Bone marrow chromosome investigations showed an abnormal karyotype: hypodiploidy was prevalent and marker chromosomes were present. A possible relationship between acute leukemia and multiple myeloma is discussed. PMID- 6781198 TI - Hemoglobin E-thalassemia: a study of 16 cases. AB - 16 cases of hemoglobin E-thalassemia are reported. The interaction of thalassemia with Hb E produced a varying severity of E-thalassemia. 10 cases had a thalassemia intermedia type of clinical picture while 6 had a more severe disorder requiring regular transfusions from early childhood. 14 patients were producing Hb-A and therefore had beta+ type thalassemia whereas 1 case had no Hb A because of beta 0 type thalassemia. This is in contrast to a much higher frequency of beta 0 thalassemia in cases reported from South-East Asia. Family studies in 1 patient revealed the interaction with delta-beta thalassemia, a situation which is rare. Mating of an Hb E-thalassemia subject with heterozygous beta thalassemia resulted in an offspring with severe homozygous thalassemia. PMID- 6781199 TI - Assessment of iron stores in subjects heterozygous for beta-thalassaemia based on serum ferritin levels. AB - Serum ferritin concentration was assessed in male and female pregnant and non pregnant thalassaemia carriers and in normal subjects of both sexes. Low ferritin levels were found in 61% of non-pregnant and in 32% of pregnant female beta thalassaemia heterozygotes whereas male thalassaemia carriers had normal iron stores. Increased ferritin levels were not observed in any of the subjects examined. These findings show that iron deficiency is a common finding in female thalassaemia carriers of reproductive age who are not receiving iron supplementation. PMID- 6781200 TI - Skin window cellularity and macrophage changes in Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - The cutaneous inflammatory response in patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy and compared with that of healthy subjects at 24 and 48 h. Both groups of patients showed a reduction in overall cellularity and statistically significant differences in macrophage surface morphology. In macrophages from healthy subjects, microvilli predominated but in lymphoma patients, cells with ruffles and/or ridges (resembling blood monocytes) were more frequent. In healthy subjects, the percentage of macrophages with predominant microvilli increased between day 1 and day 2. It is suggested that both the cellular response and the maturation (or activation) of macrophages are impaired in lymphomas. PMID- 6781201 TI - A new trephine for closed bone marrow biopsy. AB - Our experience with a new trephine, called the LM-trephine, for carrying out bone marrow biopsy is reported. This trephine is larger and stronger than most previously described instruments. Two main problems in bone marrow biopsy, namely compression and difficulty in obtaining specimens from osteoblastic (or sclerotic) metastases are overcome by the special design of the LM-trephine tip. 310 out-patients with different tumour diseases were examined, and no complications were observed. PMID- 6781202 TI - K cell activity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 28 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia at different stages of the disease. T and B lymphocytes, present in low percentages at diagnosis, increased towards during remission in most patients. All patients off therapy had normal values of T and B lymphocytes. K cell activity, which was increased during remission in several patients, was normal in all patients off therapy. Further prospective studies will establish whether determination of K cell activity is an indicator of the stage of the disease. PMID- 6781203 TI - Thrombocytosis in quiescent chronic granulocytic leukaemia after vincristine and 6-mercaptopurine therapy. AB - In an attempt to retard the appearance of blastic transformation 11 patients recently diagnosed with chronic granulocytic leukaemia were given courses of vincristine and 6-mercaptopurine after stabilization of the disease by busulfan. In 4 of the patients a marked thrombocytosis developed shortly after the administration of such courses. When we compared the clinical and biological features at the moment of diagnosis, the patients in whom thrombocytosis developed after vincristine and 6-mercaptopurine courses showed higher platelet counts and a smaller spleen size than the other ones, although no statistical significance was reached. A possible thrombocytopoietic effect of vincristine is discussed. PMID- 6781204 TI - Multiple myeloma in husband and wife. AB - An instance of multiple myeloma (MM) in a married couple is discussed, since cases of MM in husband and wife have rarely been observed. The patients were aged 60 when the disease was discovered, and the interval between the diagnosis in the mates was 44 months. Genetic or environmental factors that could have explained the occurrence of myelomatosis were not found in these spouses. Therefore, on absence of a defined cause, our observation, like others previously reported in the literature, should be considered, although exceptional, a chance event. PMID- 6781205 TI - Blood group glycosyltransferase activities in plasma from blood chimera subjects. AB - Blood group glycosyltransferases (A and B) in plasma are mainly derived from other tissues, not from bone marrow where the blood group substances are synthesized. Therefore, it is possible to determine the original blood type of host subject and grafted cells by examining the enzyme activity in plasma from a chimera subject. Subject WD had 75-85% of O type cells and 15-25% of A1 type cells. A1 enzyme activity of the subject's plasma was the same as control A1 plasma, suggesting that subject WD is genetically A1O or A1A1 and O red cells are produced by OO bone marrow cells acquired in utero. Another subject EA has about 85% of B type and 15% of A1B type red cells. B enzyme activity of the subject's plasma is normal, but A enzyme activity is only 20% of normal level. Subject EA must be genetically BO or BB, and A gene is restricted to bone marrow cells acquired. PMID- 6781206 TI - Bone marrow necrosis as the only manifestation of disseminated carcinomatosis. AB - An unusual case with thrombocytopenia and bone marrow necrosis as the only manifestation of disseminated carcinomatosis is reported. The diagnosis was first established by repeated bone marrow biopsy which revealed marked necrosis without evidence of malignancy. The patient's general condition deteriorated rapidly despite therapy with steroids. Autopsy revealed disseminated metastatic adenocarcinoma, but the primary site of the tumor was not identified. It is suggested that malignancy should always be excluded in patients who have bone marrow necrosis without an obvious cause. PMID- 6781207 TI - Idiopathic inhibitor of factor VIII and its treatment by immunosuppression. AB - A patient with idiopathic inhibitor to factor VIII is reported. Treatment with cyclophosphamide and factor VIII (given simultaneously) produced a good clinical response with disappearance of the inhibitor. PMID- 6781208 TI - [Acute renal failure during indomethacin treatment. 6 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Acute renal failure (ARF) was observed in 6 patients under indomethacin treatment. Before receiving the drug 3 patients had normal, and the other 3 slightly elevated plasma creatinine levels. All patients were also treated with diuretics. ARF developed within the first 48 hours of therapy. Four patients had clear-cut oliguria. The renal disorders proved completely and rapidly reversible after treatment was discontinued, except in one female patient who had to undergo peritoneal dialysis for 12 days and in whom moderate aggravation of the pre existing renal insufficiency persisted on follow up. The ARF was attributed to a sudden fall in renal blood flow due to the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on prostaglandin synthetase. This complication occurs exclusively in patients with renal hypoperfusion secondary to hypovolaemia, with cardiac insufficiency or with intrarenal vascular lesions. Sodium depletion induced by previous or concomitant diuretic treatment increases the risks. The possibility of ARF warrants careful monitoring of urinary output and renal function at the onset of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy in patients with altered or precarious haemodynamics. PMID- 6781209 TI - Effect of inspiration-expiration ratio on rebreathing with the Mapleson D system (Bain's modification; coaxial system). AB - Rebreathing in the Mapleson D system with a varying fresh gas flow (FGF) was measured during an experimental set-up, which consisted of a compliance lung delivering the exhaled gases with the same, fixed concentration throughout the experiment, a commercially available Bain's system and a respirator. While changes in compliance, airway resistance an dead space hardly influenced the degree of rebreathing, changes in ventilatory pattern did so when the length of the expiratory pause was changed. Thus, with the Vt used which was not essentially greater than the capacity of the corrugated tube, a sufficiently long lasting expiratory pause made it possible to establish non-rebreathing conditions with a FGF only slightly greater than the respiratory minute volume. Obviously, a short or no expiratory pause requires that the FGF rate be high enough to compensate for the lack of a fresh gas reserve in the corrugated tube at the start of inspiration. In such cases the length of the corrugated tube becomes of minor or no importance. PMID- 6781210 TI - [Mononeuritis multiplex in a case of primary macroglobulinemia (author's transl)]. AB - A case of Waldenstrom's disease with peripheral nerve involvement resembling mononeuritis multiplex is described. The various etiopathogenic mechanisms generally cited in connection with peripheral neuropathies observed in cases of macroglobulinemia, most often of the polyneuritic type, are discussed in turn : nerve infiltration by lymphocytes, intervention of an immunologic mechanism through the agency of paraprotein links with amyloidosis. However, the reported case differs from habitual cases on account of the asymmetry of the nerve involvement and the discovery of vasculitic lesions on muscle biopsy. The hypothesis of ischemic neuropathy associated with serum hyperviscosity is proposed and confirmed by the clinical improvement and reduction of macroglobulin obtained by repeated plasma exchanges and administration of Chlorambucil. PMID- 6781211 TI - The cerebrospinal fluid C4 complement component in different meningeal and neurological diseases. AB - The C4 complement component was measured in CSF from 10 patients without CNS involvement (controls) and 71 with various meningeal and neurological diseases. Serum C4 was also measured in the control group and in 46 of the 71 neurological patients. A significant increase of CSF C4 was observed in all neurological diseases with meningeal involvement independent of the causative agent. Inversely, serum C4 values were within normal limits. Increased CSF C4 with normal serum levels might indicate increased diffusion across the blood-brain barrier, decreased ability for immunocomplex production or increased local production. PMID- 6781212 TI - Effects of severe hypoglycemia on the human brain. Neuropathological case reports. AB - The neuropathological findings in two cases of irreversible hypoglycemic brain injury are described. A 26-year-old diabetic man injected insulin without adequate food intake and died after 2 months in coma. An 84-year-old nondiabetic man accidentally received 10 mg of glibenclamide and died after 3 months in relatively superficial coma. In the first case, an extensive necrotizing injury with gliosis was present in the cerebral cortex with temporal preponderance, as well as in the amygdalae and hippocampus. Lesions were also present in the putamen and caudate nucleus whereas the globus pallidus and thalamus were less severely destroyed. The distribution of the lesions was therefore somewhat different from that commonly seen in hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, which, together with some previously published data, suggests some difference in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemic vs. hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. In the second case only a slight loss of cortical neurons with secondary gliosis could be attributed to the hypoglycemic insult. This case demonstrates the danger of accidental intake of sulfonylurea preparations, which can cause an irreversible brain injury due to their prolonged hypoglycemic effect. PMID- 6781214 TI - Less fillings--cheaper dental care? A longitudinal investigation of the treatment profile during 10 years organized child dental care. AB - Little attention has been paid to the cost savings of reducing the number of filled surfaces in an ongoing dental program for children. The purpose of the present investigation was to analyze how projected reductions in filled surfaces affect costs. Records from 173 pupils leaving ninth grade in Lier District were collected and all treatments through 10 years were registered. Applying time estimates provided through a separate investigation and the estimated costs of the public dental service in the district to the treatment profile, total time and cost investment were calculated. Of the total treatment time per person 41 per cent was used for fillings. The cost saving of a planned 30 and 50 per cent reduction is estimated. It is suggested that substantial savings may be obtained rather from changes in the structure of an organized program than from preventive efforts. PMID- 6781213 TI - Pharmacokinetics of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6781215 TI - Children's response to various local fluoride treatments. AB - The aim of the study was to evaluate children's responses to four different gel tray systems and their preference to gel treatment twice a year versus fortnightly fluoride rinsing. For the study 91 children attending third grade (10 11 years) were divided into 3 groups and 119 children attending seventh grade (14 15 years) into 4 groups. The children were treated with a neutral 2% sodium fluoride tixotropic gel by means of one of the following trays: A. Air Cushion Fluoridator B. Centrays C. An individually constructed tray made of impression material (Citricon) D. An individually constructed tray made from soft acrylic. After treatment the children's response toward the treatment was evaluated by means of interviews. The majority of the children preferred gel tray treatment to fortnightly mouth rinsing (p less than 0.0003). Disposable trays were less acceptable than the individually made trays or the Air Cushion Fluoridator. However, all trays were tolerated for 15 minutes by all children. Cost analysis showed that the difference in expense using the various trays decreased as the number of treatments of the single individual increased. PMID- 6781216 TI - Growth related hormones in idiopathic scoliosis. An endocrine basis for accelerated growth. AB - In a total of 95 children with idiopathic scoliosis and 60 controls between the ages of 7 and 17 years, a prospective study of hormones related to growth and maturation was carried out. The pituitary release mechanism for growth hormone was evaluated using the propanolol/L-dopa stimulation test. In addition the blood levels of testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, oestradiol, thyroxin, prolactin, cortisol, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone were determined. The girls were divided into age groups and all results were evaluated according to chronological and skeletal age. The number of boys was too small (25) to allow subdivision into age groups. The girls with idiopathic scoliosis had a significantly higher response to the growth hormone stimulation test than had the controls between the ages of 7 and 12 years whereas no significant difference could be found for the older girls. In girls with a skeletal age between 9 and 12 years a significantly higher mean serum level of testosterone was found (P less than 0.05). No significant differences could be demonstrated for the remaining hormones. Growth hormone and testosterone are the most important growth factors in prepubertal and pubertal children. Thus, the present findings suggest a hormonal basis for the increased stature in children with idiopathic scoliosis which has previously been reported. PMID- 6781217 TI - [Microbiology of cholesteatoma. Bibliographic data]. PMID- 6781218 TI - An antigen common to a wide range of bacteria. 2. A biochemical study of a "common antigen" from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Common Antigen (CA) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been shown to be a protein composed of polypeptide subunits of a molecular weight (MW) of about 62 000. The MW of this protein was estimated to 665 000 by gel filtration on sepharose CL-6B, to 800 000 by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gradient gels and to about 900 000 by ultracentrifugation, on a sucrose gradient. By analytical ultracentrifugation with Schlieren optics a sedimentation coefficient (S20 degrees, W) of 22.65 was calculated. The isoelectrical point was determined to pH 4.4. The antigen was decomposed on exposure to proteolytic enzymes. Polysaccharide, lipid, deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid were not demonstrated in CA. The amino acid content of CA was determined, and no hexosamine or abnormal residues were observed. The amino acid content of CA was determined, and no hexosamine or abnormal residues were observed. The antigen was degraded when heated to 100 degrees C for 4 min or when exposed to pH below 4 or above 11 at 4 degree C. CA has been isolated from the cytoplasmic water-soluble fraction of disintegrated bacteria and only trace-amounts could be obtained from envelope fractions after solubilization with Triton X-100. PMID- 6781219 TI - A protein antigen characteristic of Branhamella catarrhalis. Serological identification of the genus. AB - Precipitation patterns of sonicated, acid-extracted and other extracts from Branhamella catarrhalis were examined by double diffusion-in-gel technique, using antiserum to B. catarrhalis. Acid extract gave rise to 4 distinct precipitates. One of these lines was further studied. The bacterial component responsible for this line was trypsin-sensitive, indicating that it was a protein. It was anodally localized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. By absorption of antiserum with whole bacteria, the precipitating capacity of the serum was diminished, suggesting that the protein antigen (P-antigen) was exposed on the bacterial surface. F(ab')22-fragments of IgG from antiserum, but not from normal rabbit serum, precipitated the P-antigen, indicating that it was a true antigen-antibody reaction. It was possible to make an IgG preparation monospecific for the P antigen, by absorbing antiserum with trypsinized bacterial extract. 31 strains of B. catarrhalis, 9 strains of N. gonorrhoeae, 10 strains of N. meningitis, 12 other Neisseria spp. and 2 strains of H. influenzae were investigated for presence of cros-reacting surface antigens, using IgG monospecific for the P antigen and 125I-labelled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. After antibody exposure, all 31 strains of B. catarrhalis showed abundant uptake of protein A. No significant uptake was detected on any other investigated strain. Hence, the P antigen appears to be characteristic of B. catarrhalis. The possibility of a serological identification of the species is introduced. Precipitating antibodies against the P-antigen were demonstrated in 69% of normal human sera. PMID- 6781220 TI - A simple method for the production of F(ab')2 preparations by pepsin digestion of total serum protein. AB - An easy and rapid method for producing F(ab')2 fragments by pepsin treatment of total serum protein is described. No further purification of the hydrolysate was used. Most serum proteins were degraded to small peptides which were removed by dialysis, the preparations thus being relatively rich in F(ab')2 fragments. The degree of hydrolysis was determined by means of an antiserum against the part of the gamma-chain which is degraded by pepsin. Under optimal conditions for hydrolysis, unsplit IgG could not be detected by double immunodiffusion. Using sperm-agglutinating and immobilizing sera, the F(ab')2 preparations could be characterized functionally. After hydrolysis the agglutinating activity was relatively unchanged, whereas the immobilizing activity had vanished. PMID- 6781221 TI - Antigens and antibodies in Plasmodium falciparum malaria studied by immunoelectrophoretic methods. AB - Soluble plasma antigens in 53 Liberian patients with P. falciparum malaria were analyzed in double diffusion using plasma from 27 immune adults. One immune plasma reacted with 17% of the plasma samples and was used in subsequent quantitative immunoelectrophoretic (IE) studies as antiserum. By fused rocket IE 2 antigens were found in samples with parasitaemia (P) above 0.6% and above 4.5% P the antigens had grossly increasing concentration. In 22 samples of 0.6% P or more, 7 antigens were demonstrated by crossed IE. Two electrophoretically heterogeneous antigens. Ag-1 and Ag-2, were found most frequently. Ag-1 was partly heat-stable and was in some samples amphiphilic as shown by charge shift crossed IE. Ag-1 and Ag-2 did not contain integral erythrocyte membrane proteins, and Ag-1 is suggested to be a structural protein of P. falciparum. Twenty-six immune plasma samples were screened for antibodies against 4 antigens in crossed IE with intermediate gel. It is suggested that an index for protective immunity may be obtained by summation of semiquantitative titers obtained by crossed IE with intermediate gel using an antigen pool representing e.g. 20--30 soluble antigens. PMID- 6781222 TI - Modification of GABAergic activity and thyrotropin secretion in male rats. AB - The effect of GABA on basal and stimulated TSH secretion was studied in male rats. The effects of drugs on basal TSH levels were not consistent. Muscimol(0.5 mg/kg subcutaneously, but not 2 mg/kg) increased whereas baclofen (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally), amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and bicuculline (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally, but not 1 or 4 mg/kg) decreased basal TSH concentrations. Muscimol, AOAA and baclofen dose-dependently reversed the TSH cold-response, as did a large dose of di-n-propylacetate (DPA, 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and 500 mg/kg (but not 50, 100 or 1500 mg/kg intraperitoneally) of GABA itself. Bicuculline was not effective alone. Neither did it modify the effects of muscimol, AOAA and GABA on the cold-stimulated TSH response. None of the drugs studied (AOAA, GABA, bicuculline) modified TRH induced (100 ng intraperitoneally) TSH-response. GABA injected into the third ventricle (5-50 microgram/rat) or into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH, 5 microgram/rat) had no effect on the basal TSH levels. However, the TSH cold response was inhibited when GABA (5 microgram/rat) was infused into the MBH but not when it was infused into the third ventricle (5-50 microgram/rat). The results suggest that GABAergic pathways may have an inhibitory effect on the stimulated TSH secretion in male rats. The locus of this inhibition is not situated in the anterior pituitary, but possibly in the MBH. PMID- 6781223 TI - Effects of different monoamine oxidase inhibitors on respiratory activity in rats with chronically impaired central serotonergic function. AB - Resting and CO2 stimulated respiration were measured by means of a whole-body plethysmograph in rats lightly anaesthetized with halothane. Rats pretreated neonatally with intracisternal 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) to destruct permanently central serotonergic neurones had significantly lower resting and CO2 stimulated respiratory frequency (RF) and minute volume (VM) than naive rats. In the 5,7-DHT pretreated rats, but not in naive rats, the monoamine oxidase inhibitors clorgyline and pargyline further reduced both resting and CO2 stimulated RF and VM, whereas 1-deprenyl stimulated respiration. The results provide additional evidence that monoaminergic mechanisms are involved in central modulation of respiration in which activation of a serotonergic neuronal system depresses, and dopaminergic activation stimulates respiration. PMID- 6781224 TI - Effect of combined gonadotropin-thyrotropin treatment on development of testis and ovarium in the chickling. AB - Both TSH and gonadotropins stimulate the gonads in the perinatal period. Gonadotropins influence primarily the parenchyma and they induce an increase in the diameter of seminiferous tubules, and of the thickness of the ovarian cortex. TSH acts primarily on the interstice, but it acts also on the parenchyma and this action is more pronounced in the testis than in the ovary. The hormones can replace each other, and gonadotropins enhance the effect of TSH on the interstice. PMID- 6781225 TI - Transient vasopressin release and thirst in response to prolonged intracerebroventricular infusions of hypertonic mannitol in saline. AB - In the conscious goat infusions of 0.4 M mannitol in 0.15 M NaCl into the lateral cerebral ventricle (40 or 100 min, 0.02 ml/min) caused slight, transient vasopressin release and temporary thirst, whereas infusions or pure, hypertonic (0.7 M) mannitol did not elicit thirst and inhibited the basic vasopressin release in the nonhydrated animal. In contrast, infusions of equiosmolal (0.35 M) NaCl induced persistent thirst and pronounced elevation of the plasma vasopressin concentration throughout the infusion period. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) osmolality was raised by the same order of magnitude (= 13%) after the mannitol/NaCl and the hypertonic NaCl infusions. The CSF Na+ concentration was elevated by greater than 10% at 5 min after hypertonic NaCl infusions, but it was reduced by approximately 10% at 5 min after the mannitol/NaCl infusions. There was no appreciable difference in the CSF K+ concentration after the infusions. The results are discussed with regard to the possible importance of CSF Na+ concentration as opposed to strict osmotic factors for the excitation of receptors involved in the control of water balance. PMID- 6781226 TI - 6-hydroxydopamine and the blood-brain barrier in adult conscious rats. AB - 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), 15 or 50 mg . kg-1 given as bolus i.v. injection to adult conscious rats with aortic catheter, rapidly increased mean arterial pressure by 70-78 mmHg. The pressure returned to normal within 40-60 min. The cerebrovascular permeability in rats given 6-OHDA and sacrificed 10 or 60 min later was enhanced as indicated by extravasation of Evans blue albumin and significant increase of 125I human serum albumin content in brain tissue compared to control rats. When the increase in blood pressure was diminished by i.v. phentolamine, 6-OHDA treated rats did not differ from controls. It is concluded that the blood pressure elevation induced by i.v. 6-OHDA facilitates the entry of the drug into the brain parenchyma. PMID- 6781227 TI - Plasma water and 51Cr EDTA equilibration volumes of different tissues in the rat. AB - The EDTA space and the plasma water volume of the whole animal and selected tissues were investigated with constant EDTA infusions of different duration in the rat. The calculated EDTA space increased with the duration of the infusion both in the whole animal and the tissues sampled. The plasma water volume remained constant, and therefore the calculated increase of the EDTA space suggests a slow intracellular accumulation of the tracer. As intracellular accumulation of EDTA increases with experimental time, it is necessary to use as short an experimental interval as possible to reduce this error when determining extracellular fluid volumes. PMID- 6781228 TI - Villous tissue osmolality, water and electrolyte transport in the cat small intestine at varying luminal osmolalities. AB - Villous tissue osmolality and net transport for water, sodium, potassium and chloride were determined in the feline small intestine when exposing the mucosa to solutions with different mannitol concentrations (0, 100, 315 and 600 mmol/l). Tissue osmolality at the villous tip varied with luminal osmolality. At the villous base, on the other hand, tissue osmolality remained around the plasma osmolality regardless of the osmolality of the luminal fluid. Transport rates for water were affected in the way predicted from the lumen to tissue osmolality difference. A net flux from tissue to lumen was always recorded for the studied electrolytes. The hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the intestinal epithelium with dilated intercellular spaces was estimated from the present results to be around 30 x 10(-12) cm x s-1 x Pa-1. When the intercellular spaces were collapsed Lp was estimated to be 15 x 10(-12 cm x s-1 x Pa-1. PMID- 6781229 TI - Prolactin, LH and FSH changes induced by cimetidine and bromocriptine. PMID- 6781230 TI - Effect of gonadotropins and thyrotropin on the testes and ovaries of the newly hatched chicken. AB - In newly hatched male and female chickens thyrotropin (TSH) and gonadotropins (FSH, LH) were found to increase the number of spermatogonia or Sertoli cells in the seminiferous cord, and the number of granulosa cells in the ovarian follicle. The effect of gonadotropins was more pronounced than that of TSH. Regarding the overlapping effect of thyrotropin and gonadotropins, in both male and female neonatal gonads the hormones similar in structure seem to be able to substitute each other. They do not however, change each other's effect on the parenchymatous tissue (number of spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the male, and number of follicles in the female) if they are administered one after the other. PMID- 6781231 TI - Nerve cells of the rabbit, cat, monkey and human caudate nucleus: a Golgi-study. AB - The Golgi architecture of the nucleus caudatus in rabbit, cat, monkey and human material was analysed. The brains were prepared by Golgi--Kopsch impregnation. The fairly divergent types of neurons practically belong to two main groups: projective or efferent neurons and local- or interneurons. The efferent neurons - as it has been confirmed by experimental studies -- establish far contacts with various regions of the brain. According to the Golgi picture, their axon emits several collaterals, which produce local connections. The interneurons have only locally arborizing axon. The are mainly responsible for intrinsic connections of the nucleus. In both main groups of caudate neurons, several types and subtypes were observed. The number of the types and subtypes of the neurons show an increasing tendency in the phylogenetic series. PMID- 6781232 TI - Stereo-EEG and surgery in partial epilepsy with temporo-parieto-occipital foci. AB - Six cases of partial epilepsy operated on for lesions at the temporo-parieto occipital junction are presented. Three cases had signs of enlargement of one lateral ventricle at the temporo-parieto-occipital carrefour, three had a lateral homonymous hemianopsia and all showed lateralizing interictal EEG abnormalities. The manifold features of the seizures could not be related to the involvement of one or more definite cortical areas. Since clinical, radiological, scalp EEG investigations provided no sufficient data to map the epileptogenic lesion to be excised, stereo-EEG studies with chronic depth electrodes were performed. Besides permitting the exact delimitation of the epileptogenic lesion, depth EEG gave the clue for interpreting physiopathological mechanisms underlying the electroclinical seizures in each case. PMID- 6781233 TI - Anterior callosotomy in epileptics with multiform seizures and bilateral synchronous spike and wave EEG pattern. AB - Cerebral commissurotomy is a well established procedure in the treatment of epileptics refractory to drug therapy. Breeching of the ventricles in complete commissurotomy carries a certain morbidity. This has led others to perform operations in which the entire corpus callosum or only its anterior portion with or without the anterior commissure were sectioned. Sectioning of the anterior corpus callosum alone is justified by: a) frequent appearance in patients of seizures attributable to a frontal focus, b) clinical and experimental evidence that frontal discharges spread across the corpus callosum leading to subsequent generalized its, c) the attempt to understand the mechanisms involved in generalized seizures, d) even further reduced surgical morbidity and neuropsychological disability. Five epileptics were submitted to anterior callosotomy. The seizures in all of them suggested a frontal focus and consisted of absences, adversive, tonic, atonic, and tonic-clonic attacks. All patients were incapacitated by the frequency of seizures. Their EEGs showed paroxysms of bilateral synchronous slow spike and wave with uni-, or multiple (including bilateral symmetrical) focal accentuation. In two patients there were additional independent temporal lobe discharges. Neuropsychological evaluation showed cognitive deficits caused by inattention paroxysms and absences. After anterior callosotomy there was marked reduction in frequency of all types of seizures, the greatest improvement being in the reduction of frequency of absences. There was a marked decrease in physical, social and neuropsychological disabilities. PMID- 6781234 TI - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6781235 TI - [Retrospective analysis of 15 hemophilic patients and their dental care]. PMID- 6781236 TI - Copper complexes and experimental-induced inflammation and arthritis. PMID- 6781237 TI - Pharmacokinetics and subcellular interactions of gold complexes: significance in relation to therapeutic and side effects. PMID- 6781238 TI - The biochemistry and subcellular distribution of gold in kidney tissue: implications for chrysotherapy and nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6781239 TI - Experience and rationale of monitoring plasma levels of gold in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6781240 TI - A critical evaluation of the use of metal complexes in the treatment of inflammatory conditions. PMID- 6781241 TI - [Ureterocele in children (16 cases)]. PMID- 6781242 TI - 99mTc-DTPA renal studies for acute tubular necrosis: specificity of dissociation between perfusion and clearance. AB - In order to evaluate the usefulness of radionuclide renal studies in differentiating acute tubular necrosis from other causes of decreased renal clearance (e.g., rejection) in renal transplant patients, we assumed that acute tubular necrosis would be common during the first 4 days after cadaveric transplantation (group 1) and uncommon 3 weeks or longer after transplantation (group 2). There were 38 renal studies in 34 patients in group 1 and 62 studies in 27 patients in group 2. Each renal study consisted of both a technetium-99m DTPA and an iodine-131-hippuran study. Perfusion, clearance, and transit time in the 99mTc-DTPA study, and clearance and transit time in the 131I-hippuran study were visually graded on a 5 point scale without knowledge of the time of study or clinical diagnosis. There were 19 studies in group 1 and 25 studies in group 2 with clearance decreased two or more gradations. Eleven 99mTc-DTPA studies had perfusion 2 or more gradations better than clearance; all 11 were in group 1 (p less than 0.01). Other dissociations within the 99mTc-DTPA and 131I-hippuran studies, or between them, did not distinguish the two groups. Data support the hypothesis that decreased clearance with relatively well preserved perfusion in 99mTc-DTPA studies is common in acute tubular necrosis and uncommon in other causes of decreased renal clearance. PMID- 6781243 TI - Computed tomography of urinary calculi. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used in the evaluation of nine patients with nonopaque calculi in the upper urinary tract. In each case the calculus was identified as a very high density object (370-586 Hounsfield units) with calcium oxalate and cystine stones having somewhat higher attenuation values than uric acid or xanthine stones. The differentiation between calculi and other "radiolucent" filling defects was readily made since calculi had much higher attenuation values than blood clot or neoplasm. CT of the upper urinary tract may obviate the need for more invasive procedures such as retrograde pyelography when nonopaque filling defects require differentiation. PMID- 6781244 TI - Female urethral diverticula: double-balloon catheter study. AB - A double-balloon catheter was used to evaluate the female urethra in 51 patients. Six different radiographic appearances were identified. Three of the categories are considered variants of normal. One of the categories consisted of eight patients with urethral diverticula. All showed large rounded or lobulated collections of contrast material which were adjacent to the urethra and which persisted on postvoid films. Other abnormalities should be closely correlated with the clinical findings to determine their significance. The diagnosis of urethral diverticulum may be missed, as physical examination and endoscopy can be negative. Therefore, the optimal method for identifying its presence and extent includes both a double-balloon catheter study and a voiding cystourethrogram. PMID- 6781245 TI - Real-time sonography of the neonatal and infant head. AB - Fifty neonatal and infant heads were examined using a 5 MHz real-time sector scanner. Anatomic detail superior to that previously described was achieved by this method. Normal structures routinely imaged included the entire ventricular system and many parts of the subarachnoid spaces. The gray scale detail of parenchymal structures was usefully demonstrated. Routinely visualized vascular structures included the anterior cerebral artery system, the middle cerebral arteries, the choroid plexus, and the posterior cerebral arteries. Hydrocephalus, as well as intraventricular hemorrhage and its sequelae, were investigated. Computed tomography (CT) is considered diagnostic in hydrocephalus and intraventricular hemorrhage, but evaluation by sonography compares favorably. Among other advantages of sonography are the feasibility of bedside scans without removing the patient from the intensive care nursery and the elimination of ionizing radiation. PMID- 6781246 TI - Cribside neurosonography: real-time sonography for intracranial investigation of the neonate. AB - A prospective study was made of 94 real-time sonographic sector scans of 56 neonates in a 6 month period. The examinations were performed using the anterior fontanelle as an acoustic window. In 17 cases, computed tomography (CT) head scans were available for comparison. In no case did the CT and sonographic examination disagree as to the size of the lateral ventricles. Abnormalities detected by sonography include ventriculomegaly, intracerebral hematomas, a congenital glioma, and several cystic lesions. Sonographic sector scanning produces excellent, detailed images of dilated lateral and third ventricles, uses no ionizing radiation, is less expensive than CT, and can be performed in the isolette, minimizing the risk of hypoxia and hypothermia. At Methodist Hospital Graduate Medical Center, sonography has replaced CT as the initial method of investigation of ventricular size. CT plays a complementary role in the evaluation of the posterior fossa, intracranial hemorrhage, and mass lesions. PMID- 6781247 TI - Real-time sonography of the brain through the anterior fontanelle. AB - Noninvasive, rapid evaluation of the neonate and young infants with reproducible results is feasible with real-time cranial sonography through the anterior fontanelle. Cerebral anatomy in coronal and sagittal planes is visualized, and the entire ventricular system and adjacent brain parenchyma are identified. This rapid (5-10 min) procedure can be done at/in the incubator making transport of sick neonates unnecessary, thus preserving their thermal stability. Images are recorded on videotape and "hard copy" is obtained afterward. Ventricular size, intracranial hemorrhage (both intraventricular and parenchymal), abnormalities of the the ventricular system, subdural effusion, and fluid-filled lesions are recognized by the usual sonographic criteria. In addition, "solid" parenchymal lesions such as diffuse hemangiomas and brain tumors are depicted as changes in sonographic parenchymal architecture. PMID- 6781248 TI - Brainstem evaluation with CT cisternography. AB - Seventy-eight positive contrast computed tomography (CT) cisternograms were reviewed to assess the normal anatomy of the brainstem and its surrounding cisterns. Normal brainstem and cisternal anatomy was found to be constant and symmetrical. The review included six patients with brainstem gliomas and five patients with extraaxial masses. In these patients CT cisternography accurately identified mass formation and permitted the confident distinction of extraaxial from intra-axial masses. CT cisternography is a safe and accurate method for evaluating the anterior compartment of the posterior fossa. This procedure is particularly applicable to those cases where conventional CT yields insufficient diagnostic information. PMID- 6781249 TI - Recognizing the empty sella by CT: the infundibulum sign. AB - Inaccuracy in recognizing the empty sella by conventional computed tomography (CT) techniques derives from diverse intrasellar cystic structures that are not distinguished from it. In 23 cases of presumed empty sella, it was observed that the pituitary stalk within the enlarged sella (infundibulum) was demonstrated by thin (1.5 mm) coronal CT sections. ALthough the diagnosis was not proven by conventional studies, the normal appearance of the infundibulum is believed to exclude an intrasellar cyst or tumor as the cause of sellar enlargement. Coronal CT sections with thin slices and intravenous contrast enhancement are recommended when empty sella is to be documented by CT. When the infundibulum is not demonstrated by this technique, CT with intrathecal enhancement may be warranted. PMID- 6781250 TI - Real-time sonography of pleural opacities. AB - Fifty patients with radiographic pleural or pleural-based opacities were examined with high resolution real-time sonographic sector scanning. In 90% of cases selected for thoracentesis, fluid sufficient for diagnosis was obtained. Complex, septated pleural loculations contained an exudative effusion in 74% of the patients, while anechoic areas yielded exudative and transudative effusions with almost equal frequency. The use of real-time scanning is stressed because of greater flexibility and shorter examination time compared to compound scanning, and its utility for portable scanning on critically ill patients. PMID- 6781251 TI - CT of the pretracheal retrocaval space. AB - The ability of computed tomography to visualize the normal pretracheal retrocaval (PTRC) space and its contents, at the level of the azygous arch, was investigated in 127 normal subjects. The scan level which shows the azygous vein entering the posterior aspect of the superior vena cava was analyzed. The perimeter of the PTRC space could be accurately delineated by following the trachea, azygous arch, superior vena cava, and aorta. The size, density, and contents of the PTRC space were measured. The surface area of the PTRC space increases significantly with the degree of mediastinal adiposity (p less than 0.0001), age (p less than 0.0001), and aortic unfolding (p less than 0.001). The mean density of the PTRC space was negative in the majority of subjects but varied from -107 to +48 H. Normal lymph nodes (azygous nodes) were detected in 88.1% of subjects. More than one lymph node was present in 29.9% of subjects. Three nodes were visible in each of nine subjects. There were 160 lymph nodes with a diameter of 5.5 +/- 2.8 mm visable in the 127 subjects. Eleven nodes were larger than 10 mm. Normal azygous lymph nodes can be visualized and subtle enlargement of these nodes detected. PMID- 6781252 TI - Krypton-81m ventilation scanning: acute respiratory disease. AB - From experience with 700 patients undergoing ventilation and perfusion lung scanning with krypton-81m/technetium-99m technique, 34 patients suffering from nonembolic acute respiratory disease were selected for review. In 16 patients with pneumonia, all had defects of ventilation corresponding to, or larger than, the radiologic consolidation. In 13 patients there were some preservation of perfusion in the consolidated region. In two of the three patients with matched defects, the pneumonia was of long standing. In seven patients with collapse or atelectasis and in 11 patients with acute reversible bronchial obstruction and normal volume lungs, a similar pattern of ventilation and perfusion was observed. PMID- 6781253 TI - Bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis in normal men. AB - As part of a study of mucous transport in the airways, tantalum bronchography was performed on 13 normal, asymptomatic men who had normal findings on pulmonary function studies. Most of the subjects demonstrated some of the bronchographic features which have been regarded as specific for chronic bronchitis. Eight men showed opacification of the ducts of mucous glands; 12 had visible secretions in the airways; three had moderate-to-marked irregularity of airways. The clearance of tantalum from the airways in all but two subjects was more rapid than anticipated and thus could not be correlated with the bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis. Two subjects who previously had symptoms of respiratory tract infection showed markedly delayed peripheral airway clearance of tantalum. The bronchographic features of chronic bronchitis can be seen in normal subjects or may indicate airway abnormalities that are not manifested functionally. PMID- 6781254 TI - Coronary sinus atrial pacing: radiographic considerations. AB - Transvenous atrial pacing via an electrode placed in the coronary sinus has become an increasingly frequent procedure during the past 10 years for both diagnosis and therapy of cardiac arrhythmias. The coronary sinus has five major venous tributaries, any one of which can be entered by a pacing catheter. A catheter in the middle cardiac vein can mimic the usual ventricular pacemaker position, while an electrode in the coronary sinus or in a persistent left superior vena cava may be mistaken for myocardial perforation. A persistent left superior vena cava may also be catheterized. This anomaly is associated with a tenfold increased incidence of congenital atrioventricular conduction abnormalities and, therefore, is surprisingly common in patients having coronary sinus pacers placed because of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6781255 TI - Gastrointestinal radiographic features of human graft-vs.-host disease. AB - Following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) develops when the foreign donor lymphoid graft mounts an immunologic reaction against the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract of the host. The GVHD syndrome is characterized by skin rash, hepatocellular dysfunction, and secretory diarrhea with destruction of intestinal mucosa. The gastrointestinal radiographic manifestations of proven GVHD were studied in 16 allogeneic marrow recipients transplanted for aplasia (nine) or leukemia (seven). The radiographic findings revealed three distinct phases that correlated with the duration of active gastrointestinal GVHD: (1) Acute phase-seven examinations were performed 4 15 days after the onset of gastrointestinal GVHD, 19-44 days posttransplant. There were simultaneous and uniform changes in the stomach through the small bowel consisting of thickened or flattened mucosal folds, thickening of the bowel wall, rapid transit, and excess luminal fluid. (2) Subacute phase-17 examinations were performed 13-96 days after the onset of gastrointestinal GVHD (40-118 days posttransplant). Abnormalities similar to those of the acute phase were noted, often with a striking segmental distribution. (3) Resolution phase-three patients, who earlier had sequential examinations, were studied when GVHD was no longer clinically active, 43-46 days after the onset of gastrointestinal GVHD (52 94 days posttransplant). These examinations showed improvement, with no abnormalities or effacement of mucosal folds. Mural thickening was confined to the terminal ileum. Gastrointestinal GVHD resolved in the three survivors; it persisted until death in nine of 13. The pathogenic mechanisms and differential diagnosis of the radiographic abnormalities are discussed. PMID- 6781256 TI - Sonography of the thickened gallbladder wall: a nonspecific finding. AB - Twenty cases of sonographically visualized thickening of the gallbladder wall were reviewed and the clinical diagnoses compiled. In only eight of these patients was cholecystitis considered responsible for the finding. The rest had hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease with hypoproteinemia, heart failure, renal disease, and multiple myeloma; however, all lacked clinical evidence of gallbladder disease. Because of these findings, caution is urged in making the diagnosis of cholecystitis on the basis of wall thickening alone. PMID- 6781257 TI - Abdominal pseudotumor in childhood: distended gallbladder with parenteral hyperalimentation. AB - Two children receiving total parenteral hyperalimentation had palpable upper abdominal masses. Sonography showed these masses to be distended gallbladders. Sonograms of four other children receiving parenteral hyperalimentation were examined to determine if gallbladder distension in these cases was coincidental or common; three of four also had gallbladder distension. Follow-up sonograms after initiation of oral feedings in two children showed reduced gallbladder dimensions. Children can have palpable, distended gallbladders while fasting and receiving parenteral hyperalimentation. Sonography can differentiate distended gallbladders from other abdominal masses. PMID- 6781258 TI - Postcholecystectomy bile duct dilatation: myth or reality? AB - Postcholecystectomy dilatation of the common duct has been a matter of controversy in the surgical, radiographic, and sonographic literature. In this study, 40 patients who had biliary sonography before cholecystectomy and were asymptomatic 6 months or more after surgery were returned for sonography of the biliary ducts. Of these, 38/40 showed no evidence of postcholecystectomy dilatation of the common duct. There was diminution of the common duct in one and enlargement in another patient. One patient had a duct that was dilated before surgery and remained the same size after surgery. It is concluded that postcholecystectomy dilatation of the common bile duct does not occur in most normal patients. PMID- 6781259 TI - Gastroesophageal region: source of confusion on CT. AB - Prominent soft-tissue density is often seen in the region of the gastroesophageal junction on CT scans of the upper abdomen. This was seen retrospectively in 38% of randomly selected patients when scans were obtained at 1-2 cm intervals and in 33% of patients evaluated prospectively with scans obtained at 1 cm intervals. The possible source of confusion of the normal but prominent-appearing gastroesophageal junction with a pathological mass and the normal anatomic relationships as seen during computed tomography are discussed. PMID- 6781260 TI - Erosive azotemic osteodystrophy. AB - Serial macroradiographs of the hands of 80 patients on maintenance hemodialysis were reviewed to assess the frequency and distribution of articular and periarticular erosions. Articular and periarticular erosions are common and were demonstrated in 24 (30%) of 80 patients. The pattern and distribution of the erosions are unlikely to be confused with any of the well known erosive arthropathies except in an unusual circumstance. The presence and severity of the erosions do not correlate with the severity of subperiosteal resorption of the middle phalanges and in several instances were accompanied only with resorption of the phalangeal tufts. The erosions may progress with time, but do not seem to have any bearing on clinical symptoms. In no instance did the erosions disappear after removal of parathyroid adenomas. Recognition of the frequency of these erosions broadens the spectrum of skeletal changes found in azotemic osteodystrophy, but does not in any way warrant further investigation since they are clinically innocuous. PMID- 6781261 TI - CT in the evaluation of spine trauma. AB - Fifteen patients admitted for spine trauma in an 8 month period were studied with computed tomography (CT). All the patients had initial routine plain film screening, and 10 of 15 were also examined with conventional tomography. Five patients sustained vertical fall, axial-load injuries in the thoracolumbar junction region; two others suffered missile injury to the spine. CT provided more information than plain films in all these patients due to its superior imaging of bony detail and its ability to assess soft-tissue damage. In four of these patients, conventional tomography was done but contributed no additional information. Eight other patients sustained complex fractures of the cervical spine. In all but one, the combination of plain films and CT allowed complete evaluation of the injury. In one patient, conventional tomography showed an additional linear fracture one vertebral level below the main region of injury. Plain films and CT allow complete, safe, rapid, easily interpretable evaluation of spine trauma patients in the acute setting. Conventional tomography yields no additional clinically vital information in the acute evaluation of spine trauma, when plain films are abnormal. Its current ability to show finer bony detail than CT can be reserved for evaluating equivocal plain film and CT findings or more complete evaluation (if indicated) after the patient is clinically stable. PMID- 6781262 TI - Pain in knee arthrography: comparison of air vs. CO2 and reaspiration vs. no reaspiration. AB - A prospective study of 255 patients undergoing double-contrast arthrography of the knee was performed to evaluate postexamination knee pain after two procedural modifications: (1) intraarticular carbon dioxide versus room air and (2) postprocedural joint reaspiration versus no reaspiration. A moderate or severe increase in pain during the 24 hr after the examination was experienced by 20% of patients. Carbon dioxide resulted in slightly greater patient pain immediately after the procedure than did room air. However, there was no difference in morbidity in these two groups at 24 hr. Aspiration of the knee joint had no immediate or delayed effect on patient pain. Older patients, women, and patients with abnormal arthrograms, reported more baseline discomfort but, allowing for this, they tolerated the procedure as well as younger patients, men, and patients with normal arthrograms. It is recommended that double contrast arthrography of the knee be performed using intraarticular air without reaspiration of the joint. PMID- 6781263 TI - CT of cervical lymph node cancer. AB - This study seeks to establish whether CT can accurately detect cancer in cervical lymph nodes. Retrospective correlation of CT scans and surgical findings in 51 patients with laryngeal cancer undergoing radical neck dissection suggested that the node-bearing areas in the neck can be usefully evaluated with CT scans. An additional 10 patients studied prospectively with carefully correlated CT scans and radical neck dissections were used to evaluate CT specific criteria for cancer in individual nodes. In 13 patients CT correctly predicted surgically confirmed nonpalpable nodal metastases in six. It suggested false-positive nodes in two. These criteria are now being tested in an ongoing evaluation of the clinical value of CT in the management of head and neck tumors. PMID- 6781264 TI - Steerable real-time sonographically guided needle biopsy. AB - A method for dynamic real-time ultrasonic guidance for percutaneous needle biopsy has been successful in obtaining cytologic and histologic specimens from abdominal masses. The system depends on a real-time ultrasonic transducer that has been rigidly attached to a laterally placed steerable needle holder. Using simple trigonometric functions, a chart has been derived that gives the exact angulation and needle length to produce quick, reliable, guided needle placements. Examples of successful renal, hepatobiliary, and retroperitoneal biopsies are presented. Advantages of this technique include speed, accuracy, low cost, three-dimensional format, and the omission of contrast media and radiation. PMID- 6781265 TI - Classic and contemporary imaging of coccidioidomycosis. AB - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis should be considered as a diagnostic possibility whenever a patient has visited or resides in an endemic coccidioidal area and has a history of fever, skin rash, persistent pulmonary symptoms, bone pain, headache, or confusion. Imaging of this multisystem disease, especially of the lung, bone, and central nervous system, shows various protean manifestations that can simulate many infectious entities. The radiographic, scintigraphic, computed tomographic, or sonographic findings of this disease may be helpful in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment follow-up in patients with disseminated coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6781266 TI - Sonography of leg in posterior compartment syndrome. PMID- 6781267 TI - Cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct simulating pseudocysts on sonography. PMID- 6781268 TI - Renal amyloidosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: sonographic features. PMID- 6781269 TI - Sonography of a persistently retroverted gravid uterus. PMID- 6781270 TI - Popliteal venous aneurysm: a source of pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6781271 TI - Sonographic diagnosis of giant urachal cyst in the adult. PMID- 6781272 TI - Cecal volvulus in children. PMID- 6781273 TI - Argyrosis of the urinary tract. PMID- 6781274 TI - Arteriovenous malformation of bone: an experience with therapeutic embolization. PMID- 6781275 TI - Technique for conversion of a retrograde into an antegrade femoral artery catheterization. PMID- 6781276 TI - Basic rule in catheter selection for visceral angiography. PMID- 6781277 TI - A flexible trocar for percutaneous nephrostomy. PMID- 6781278 TI - Tissue distribution of soluble contrast: effect of dose variation and changes with time. AB - The changes in density of specific tissues after administration of intravenous contrast agents is easily detectable by computed tomography and is important in distinguishing normal and pathologic tissues. The time course of these density changes was determined in nine specific tissues in the rat by measuring tissue radioactivity after intravenous administration of 125I iothalamate. The effect of dose variations and the distribution of contrast between the extravascular and intravascular spaces in each tissue were studied as well. Most tissues showed a peak in contrast concentration immediately after injection and displayed a steady fall in concentration thereafter. In most tissues, the concentration was directly proportional to the administered dose. In liver and kidney, however, there was a relative delay in peak concentrations; concentrations were not directly proportional to the two administered doses and presumably reflected active accumulation. In all tissues, most of the contrast material was in the extravascular rather than the intravascular space within 1 min after administration; the ratio of contrast in the extravascular space to the total amount of contrast in each tissue rose steadily thereafter. These observations reveal significant differences among tissues in the distribution of contrast agents, which should be useful in the planning of CT protocols. PMID- 6781279 TI - In vivo evaluation of experimental myocardial infarcts by ungated computed tomography. AB - The potential of ungated computed tomography (CT) to detect and quantify myocardial infarctions was assessed in 10 dogs. Twenty-seven in vivo CT examinations were performed at various time intervals (1 hr-20 days) after coronary artery occlusion. After intravenous contrast administration, CT delineated the infarcted myocardium in all 27 studies. The CT-determined infarct volume before sacrifice was closely correlated (r = 0.98) with the postmortem infarct weight. Delayed accumulation of iodinated contrast material in the infarct was seen in all 22 examinations performed 3 1/2 hr or longer postocclusion. The dynamics of contrast material accumulation and disappearance from normal and ischemic myocardium were also assessed. Presently available CT scanning without gating can noninvasively detect and quantify myocardial infarctions of various sizes and ages in living animals and can evaluate contrast dynamics whose time course is greater than a single circulation time. PMID- 6781280 TI - Computed tomography of the perineum. AB - The value of computed tomography (CT) in the assessment of pelvic malignancy is well established. However, the importance of scanning caudad to the symphysis pubis to include the perineum has not been emphasized. The CT anatomy of the perineum in the transverse, coronal, and sagittal planes planes in normal subjects and in cadaver specimens is reviewed, and experience in 22 patients with pelviperineal pathology is reported. Malignancies in 16 patients were of the cervix (seven), vulva (six), vagina (two), and a recurrent mesenchymoma (one). Six patients had abscesses; one of these had cellulitis and skin ulcers. CT clearly depicts the perineal anatomy and is the imaging method of choice for the evaluation of malignancies and abscesses originating from or extending into this anatomic space. failure to include the perineum in the CT scanning of the pelvis will result in underestimation of disease extent. Multiplanar CT display of pelviperineal anatomy has great potential application in clinical work when high resolution coronal and sagittal reconstruction of transverse scans becomes available. PMID- 6781281 TI - Use of CT in evaluation of postcystectomy patients. AB - Twenty-one patients with prior cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were evaluated by computed tomography. In eight patients who developed local pelvic recurrence, CT diagnosis was correct in seven. CT also detected distant metastasis in five patients and local pelvic abscesses in two additional patients. Our data show CT to be a more sensitive means than conventional radiologic methods including gray scale sonography in the detection of local recurrence and postoperative complications. Examples of normal postcystectomy changes in the pelvis as well as recurrent disease and surgical complications are illustrated. The pitfalls and the proper role of CT in these patients are also discussed. PMID- 6781282 TI - Carcinoma of the prostate: lymph node aspiration for staging. AB - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy of suspect nodes was used for histologic staging in 33 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate after an abnormal or suspicious lymphogram. A total of 66 nodes was biopsied, and positive cytology for metastatic carcinoma was obtained from 29 nodes in 20 patients indicating the presence of stage D disease. Thus, staging lymphadenectomy and radical treatment by radiation or surgery were avoided. PMID- 6781283 TI - Experimental renal infarcts: angiographic and histologic studies. AB - The renal arteries in three groups of four dogs were occluded to induce renal infarcts using Gelfoam, Gelfoam and steel coil, and barium suspension. Each agent was evaluated for its effect on renal renin output, arteriographic appearance, and the extent of renal infarct produced. Gelfoam embolization produced incomplete infarcts with hypertrophy of remaining viable tissue. Renal infarcts were more extensive with the combination of Gelfoam and coil than with Gelfoam alone. Barium embolization produced the most diffuse and extensive renal infarct. Renal vein plasma renin levels from the embolized kidney were significantly elevated in the Gelfoam-plus-coil dogs, but arterial pressures were significantly higher in only two of four of these dogs 10 weeks after embolization. PMID- 6781284 TI - Intrathoracic histiocytic lymphoma. AB - Intrathoracic manifestations of histiocytic lymphoma were reviewed in a retrospective study of 112 nonselected patients who had at least a 2 year follow up period or had died. In 50% (56 cases), intrathoracic histiocytic lymphoma was found. In 26% (29 cases), intrathoracic manifestations were initially seen. In 11% (12 cases), the disease was completely confined to the chest. Mediastinal involvement was present in 25% (28 cases), hilar involvement in 17% (19 cases), pulmonary involvement in 20% (22 cases) (interstitial or mixed interstitial alveolar infiltrates in 13% [14 cases], nodular lesions in 8% [nine cases], localized homogeneous consolidations 5% [six cases]), and pleural involvement in 18% (20 cases), of which 4% (four cases) had localized pleural plaques. Intrathoracic manifestations of histiocytic lymphoma are similar in the early and late stage of the disease. However, sarcoidlike hilar and mediastinal involvement (3% [three cases]) and a localized mass in the lower posterior mediastinum (4% [four cases]), the anterior mediastinum (2% [two cases]) or unilaterally in a hilum (2% [two cases]) were initial presentations not encountered late in the disease. Because of the rapid progression of this entity, early recognition of its intrathoracic manifestations is mandatory for effective therapy. PMID- 6781285 TI - Displaced paraspinal line: role of CT and lymphography. AB - Demonstration of involvement of lower mediastinal paravertebral nodes in lymphomatous or metastatic disease may alter the mode of treatment or localization of fields for radiotherapy. Displacement of paraspinal lines in a posteroanterior chest radiograph may indicate such adenopathy. In 20 selected cases in which computed tomography and/or lymphography were performed, 13 of 16 lymphograms and 11 of 11 CT scans helped confirm a paraspinal mass, suggesting adenopathy. Paraspinal line displacement, CT criteria of adenopathy, and the greater sensitivity of CT in the paraspinal area are discussed. PMID- 6781286 TI - Medially deployed thoracostomy tubes: cause of aortic obstruction in newborns. AB - It was observed that severe aortic displacement, narrowing, and obstruction can occur when thoracostomy tubes abut the mediastinum. To further investigate this previously undescribed phenomenon, aortography was performed with intraluminal pressure measurements in newborn puppies and aortograms obtained in two infant cadavers. In the puppies, when the tube tip pressed against the descending thoracic aorta, aortic pressure below that site decreased and aortic arch pressure rose. When the tube tip pressed against the ascending aorta, pressures in the aortic arch and abdominal aorta decreased. Aortography in the puppies and infant cadavers demonstrated aortic displacement, narrowing, and obstruction when the thoracostomy tubes abutted the mediastinum. The clinical consequences of malpositioned thoracostomy tubes were observed in two premature infants. When the posteromedially deployed tubes were partially withdrawn, systolic arterial pressures, which had been exceptionally low, suddenly and significantly increased distal to the tube tip. Medially deployed thoracostomy tubes may represent a potential hazard to the newborn infant. PMID- 6781287 TI - Biliary tract opacification: effect of iodine concentration and luminal size. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that the density of gallbladder and common duct visualization is dependent on the total amount of contrast material present (i.e., concentration and volume, rather than simply concentration). Finger cots (simulating gallbladders) and straws (simulating bile ducts) containing measured amounts of contrast material, were radiographed in a water phantom using standard radiographic factors. The films were classified by several radiologists as to their clinical usefulness. The concept that the gallbladder can be seen with lesser concentrations of iodine than the common duct, because the gallbladder is the thicker organ, was verified and is discussed. PMID- 6781288 TI - High accuracy sonographic recognition of gallstones. AB - Recent advances in the imaging capabilities of gray scale sonography have increased the accuracy with which gallstones may be diagnosed. Since the sonographic diagnosis of gallstones is often followed by surgery without further confirmatory studies, the avoidance of false-positive diagnoses assumes major importance. In an attempt to improve diagnostic accuracy, 420 gallbladder sonograms were evaluated for gallstones. Positive diagnoses were limited to cases in which the gallbladder was well visualized and contained densities that produced acoustic shadowing or moved rapidly with changes in position. Gallstones were diagnosed in 123 cases and surgery or autopsy in 70 of these patients confirmed stones in 69. There was one false-positive, an accuracy rate for positive diagnosis of 98.6%. Five cases were called indeterminate for stones; one of these had tiny 1 mm stones at surgery. The other four cases had no surgery. Of 276 cases called negative for stones. None of the 146 cases with negative sonograms and oral cholecystography or intravenous cholangiography had stones diagnosed by these methods. Because of its ease and simplicity, sonography is attractive as the initial study in patients suspected of having gallstones. With the criteria used here, a diagnosis of gallstones in the gallbladder can be offered with great confidence. PMID- 6781289 TI - An initial experience with post-data processing in hepatic sonography. AB - Sonographic image manipulation became a possibility with the advent of digital equipment. Depending on the manufacturer, this manipulation may be called pre data processing, post-data processing, or both. It involves changing the normal assigned gray scale curve to accentuate defined decibel ranges. Sixty consecutive patients were examined who had technically adequate hepatic sonograms using the normal linear gray scale range and post-data processing (PDP). Sonograms were considered normal in 32 patients, while 28 were believed abnormal. In 10 of the 28 abnormal scans, hepatic metastases were better visualized with post-data processing (one false-positive). These were patients in whom there was a minimal echogenic difference between the surrounding normal liver and the lesion. However, in no case was a lesion seen after post-data processing that was not recognizable on the linear gray scale scan. In the other 18 abnormal scans (one false-positive study), the echogenic difference between the lesion and the liver was large enough that PDP was not helpful. The possible pitfalls in the use of PDP, such as poor technique, are discussed and demonstrated. Improvement in hepatic sonographic sensitivity will require more fundamental improvement of equipment than provided by post-data processing. PMID- 6781290 TI - Therapeutically infarcted tumors: ct findings. AB - The CT findings in 14 patients who underwent hepatic or renal embolizations are presented. In 11 patients who had postinfarction CT studies, linear, branching air collections were noted within the embolized tumor. In two patients the amount of air increased on later CT studies. This configuration of air suggested an abscess, but in no case was an abscess encountered. This air was located distal to the high density embolization material in four cases. In four cases the infarcted organ appeared denser due to "trapped contrast." The seven embolized livers did not change in size on follow-up examinations, while three renal tumors demonstrated variable size changes after embolization. PMID- 6781291 TI - Hyperrugosity in gastric carcinoma: radiographic, endoscopic, and pathologic features. AB - The morphology of the rugal folds in carcinoma of the stomach is reviewed, with emphasis on the hyperrugosity of the diffusely infiltrating lesions. Six of the 27 patients with diffuse infiltrating lesions demonstrated atypical features and were misdiagnosed as benign gastropathies or lymphomas. In these six patients there was enlargement, irregularity, and tortuosity of the rugal folds with the preservation of a relatively normal gastric volume, distensibility, and peristaltic activity. The involvement was segmental or diffuse and ulcerations were observed on endoscopic and radiographic examinations in two of the cases. Deep endoscopic biopsies were successful in establishing a correct diagnosis in most of the cases. The pathologic correlation, pitfalls in the radiologic and endoscopic diagnosis, and a short review of the pertinent literature are presented. PMID- 6781292 TI - CT for headache: cost/benefit for subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Nationwide cost and benefit was estimated for performing computed tomography (CT) on headache patients in the hope of discovering a specific finding, subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case finding costs were estimated using a previously published survey of CT use at a university hospital where, of 258 headache patients scanned, two had subarachnoid bleeding due to ruptured aneurysms. The incidence and natural history of ruptured aneurysms from a large-scale clinical trial and the outcome of surgery from the recent literature were used in the calculations. The results ranged from a worst case calculation of $24,713/year and $543,688/person saved (ignoring all other diagnoses) to a best case calculation of $1,999/year and $43,975/person assuming that other positive diagnoses were of equal outcome to ruptured aneurysms. The analysis, using a technique recommended as a model for future determinations of this type, also demonstrated that a most important variable in determining costs is the case finding rate. If there is a need to improve the use of new diagnostic technologies, such as CT, concentration should be on the identification of the characteristics of high-yield patient groups. PMID- 6781293 TI - Acute isodense subdural hematomas: a problem in anemic patients. AB - Although numerous articles have appeared in the literature on chronic isodense subdural hematomas, acute isodense subdural hematomas have received little attention. An experimental model was developed that demonstrated that blood with reduced hemoglobin concentration, 8-10 g/dl, is isodense with the brain. Two anemic patients with acute isodense subdural hematomas are reported. PMID- 6781294 TI - Lumbar myelography with metrizamide: supplemental techniques. AB - In a pilot group of 20 sequential patients who underwent metrizamide lumbar myelography, three modifications in technique were compared: (1) a "30" min delayed frontal projection, (2) supine projection of the conus medullaris, and (3) horizontal beam oblique views of the lumbosacral theca. The study showed much better opacification of the lowermost lumbar and the sacral root sleeves by delayed filming in most (70%) of the cases; that the conus medullaris, a structure difficult to visualize by the routine method of prone positioning, could be well visualized routinely with the patient supine; and that larger numbers of lumbar nerve root sleeves could be seen with the same degree of table tilt on horizontal beam oblique than on vertical beam oblique radiography. PMID- 6781295 TI - Prevertebral hematoma in cervical spine injury: incidence and etiologic significance. AB - In a consecutive series of 30 hospitalized cervical injury patients, 18 proved to have widening of the prevertebral soft tissue space due to hematoma. The upper limit of normal width in 50 noninjury patients was used as a reference. Hematoma almost exclusively manifested at C1-C4 and proved to be closely related to fractures of anterior elements of the spine. Relatively small hematomas were encountered in odontoid fractures and compression fractures of vertebral bodies; relatively large hematoma in disruptive hyperextension injury. Large hematomas are explained by extensive anterior ligamentous damage with rupture of larger blood vessels. As a rule, most hematomas disappeared within 2 weeks after the injury. PMID- 6781296 TI - Caffey award: cranial sonographic findings in meningomyelocele. AB - Children with meningomyeloceles have problems involving several organ systems and often require repeated radiologic examinations. They have multiple cranial defects, particularly the Arnold-Chiari II malformation and associated hydrocephalus. Cranial sonographic findings in 29 patients included hydrocephalus with pointing of the frontal horns, asymmetry of the lateral ventricles, and relative enlargement of the occipital horns compared with the frontal horns. Partial absence of the septum pellucidum, abnormalities of the third ventricle including a prominent massa intermedia, prominent anterior commissure, and prominent suprapineal recess were also seen. A V-shaped tentorium cerebelli was demonstrated on axial scan as well as low position of the tent on coronal scan. The posterior fossa pseudomass was demonstrated. A prominent interhemispheric fissure was also seen in some patients. Sonography is an excellent method for following ventricular size and shunt function since repeated examinations can readily be performed. PMID- 6781297 TI - Staging of carcinoma of the larynx: comparative accuracy of ct and laryngography. AB - The accuracy and clinical usefulness of both computed tomography (CT) and laryngography were evaluated in 30 patients with carcinoma of the larynx. The radiologic results were correlated with the surgical and pathologic findings. The accuracy in determining tumor compartmental localization (supraglottic, glottic, or subglottic) was as follows: CT provided the correct diagnosis in 26 cases. There were three false negative and one false positive diagnoses. Laryngography provided the correct diagnosis in 19 cases. There were six false negative and six false positive diagnoses. In virtually all cases, CT provided information equivalent to or more accurate than laryngography. CT is recommended as the radiologic procedure of choice when additional diagnostic information is required to supplement the findings of laryngoscopy in determining the feasibility of conservation surgery. PMID- 6781298 TI - CT in carcinoma of the larynx and pyriform sinus: value of phonation scans. AB - The structural and functional information obtained from CT performed during quiet breathing and phonation of the letter E was investigated in 25 patients with carcinoma of the larynx or pyriform sinus. Significant additional information was obtained from the phonation scans in all patients. In 16 patients, vocal cord dysfunction was found on the phonation scans. In 14 patients, phonation CT demonstrated an abnormal aryepiglottic fold better than CT during quiet breathing. A pyriform sinus was distorted or displaced in 11 patients and CT during phonation was more accurate than laryngoscopy or CT during quiet breathing in detecting abnormalities deep to this region. CT scans were the most accurate method of detecting tumor extension into the subglottic space, and into the preepiglottic space; each extension was seen in seven patients. Thyroid cartilage destruction was detected only by CT in six patients. CT scans during phonation should be an integral part of laryngeal CT and in conjunction with laryngoscopy could possibly replace laryngography for the evaluation of patients with laryngeal carcinoma. PMID- 6781299 TI - Mammography of the postsurgical breast. AB - Breast biopsy results in many radiographic abnormalities, some of which may be mistaken for carcinoma. A retrospective review of 4,023 mammographic examinations was undertaken to determine the incidence and natural history of postbiopsy changes, in order to provide background information helpful in differentiating postsurgical scarring from breast cancer. The study comprised 863 patients who had undergone biopsy before mammography (1,049 breasts). Abnormalities attributed to prior biopsy were found in 474 breasts (45%). Skin changes (thickening and deformity), architectural distortion, and parenchymal scars (poorly defined masses often with spiculated margins) were observed much less frequently 3 years after biopsy than they were within the first 6 months, suggesting that considerable resolution can be expected with time. All abnormal mammographic findings were detected in patients radiographed within 6 months of biopsy, most within 1-2 months of biopsy. These observations may be helpful, in carefully selected cases, in establishing the benign (i.e., postsurgical) nature of radiographic abnormalities that might otherwise be confused with malignancy. PMID- 6781300 TI - Pictorial essay: gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursal region of the knee. PMID- 6781301 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study: flank pain and hematuria in a child. PMID- 6781302 TI - Dysphagia due to thyroid immobilization: value of real-time sonography. PMID- 6781303 TI - Embolization of an occluded segmental renal artery via collateral circulation in a child. PMID- 6781304 TI - Gallium-67 uptake in the lung associated with metastatic calcification. PMID- 6781305 TI - Sonographic and CT features of ileocolic intussusception. PMID- 6781306 TI - Deforming arthritis of the hands: an unusual manifestation of polymyositis. PMID- 6781307 TI - Balloon dilatation of the papilla of Vater to allow biliary stone passage. PMID- 6781308 TI - Bronchoenteric fistulae in lymphoma. PMID- 6781309 TI - Multiimaging approach in the diagnosis of Page kidney. PMID- 6781310 TI - Infusion therapy of choledocholithiasis: technique for catheter placement. PMID- 6781311 TI - Transfemoral pulmonary angiography: update on technique. PMID- 6781312 TI - "Spiderlon": new device for simple, fast arterial and venous occlusion. PMID- 6781313 TI - Contrast material for CT. PMID- 6781314 TI - Roentgenology 1902. PMID- 6781315 TI - Skull radiography after trauma. PMID- 6781316 TI - CT of noncystic liver lesions. PMID- 6781317 TI - Long needle for fluoroscopically guided arterial puncture. PMID- 6781318 TI - Gas gangrene and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. PMID- 6781319 TI - Tomographic detection of pulmonary nodules. PMID- 6781320 TI - Pitfalls in the diagnosis of ankle joint effusion. PMID- 6781321 TI - Increased exercise tolerance after oral diltiazem, a calcium antagonist, in angina pectoris. AB - Effects of diltiazem, a recently introduced calcium antagonist, on exercise performance were studied in nine coronary disease patients with effort angina. The duration of exercise before the onset of angina and the time to the onset of ischemic ST depression 2 hours after 90 mg of oral diltiazem were compared with those 2 hours after oral placebo and a few minutes after 0.3 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. Diltiazem prolonged the duration of exercise in all nine patients (average 2.5 minutes, p less than 0.001) and delayed the onset of ischemic ST depression (average 2.4 minutes, p less than 0.001). The increment of the duration of exercise and the time to the onset of ischemic ST depression following 90 mg of oral diltiazem were almost equivalent to that following sublingual nitroglycerin. These results in fixed coronary atherosclerosis indicate the clinical antianginal efficacy of diltiazem which persists for at least 2 hours after oral administration. PMID- 6781322 TI - Evaluation of the effects of systemic nitroglycerin on perfusion of ischemic myocardium in coronary heart disease assessed intraoperatively by antegrade blood flow through intact saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - To evaluate systemic nitroglycerin (NTG) effects on reduced perfusion of ischemic myocardium in coronary disease, intravenous NTG actions on coronary circulatory dynamics were directly assessed intraoperatively during aortocoronary bypass surgery in 24 patients. Thus metered antegrade blood flow was measured through 56 separate intack saphenous vein bypass grafts to analyze NTG perfusion response in the obstructed native coronary artery (CA). In 34 bypassed CA with proximal luminal diameter narrowing greater than 50% to 90%, NTG reduced (p less than 0.01) graft flow (GF) 82 to 63 cc/min, thereby indicating that NTG dilated proximal stenoses with resultant increased CA flow. In 11 bypassed CA obstructed greater than 90% to 100% with well developed collaterals distally, NTG decreased (p less than 0.05) GF 64 to 53 cc/min, thus indicating enhanced collateral flow. In contrast, in 11 bypassed CA obstructions greater than 90% to 100% without collaterals, that NTG increased (p less than 0.02) GF 91 to 100 cc/min indicated NTG nonresponsiveness of the severely diseased CA. Thus systemic NTG improves perfusion to ischemic myocardium subserved by diseased coronaries with less than 90% stenosis or by greater than 90% obstructed vessels with substantial collaterals distally. PMID- 6781323 TI - Differential effects of Renografin-76 on the ischemic and nonischemic myocardium. AB - The effects of intracoronary diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium (Renografin-76) on regional contraction were examined in the normal coronary circulation and during partial (50 percent) coronary occlusion in 11 dogs using strain and length gauges. Intracoronary injections of Renografin-76 (1.5 cc) (1.690 mosM/liter; 0.19 mEq Na/ml), equiosmolar dextrose solution and 0.19 mEq Na+/ml saline solution were made randomly. Renografin-76 caused a decrease in preejection tension to 87.4 +/- 4.3 percent (p less than 0.025), total tension to 74.6 +/- 3.3 percent (p less than 0.01) and ejection tension to 11.9 +/- 12.6 percent (p less than 0.001) of control value. Segment length increased to 106.7 +/- 7.3 percent of control value. These changes lasted only 12 +/- 2 (range 5 to 20) seconds (mean +/- standard error of the mean). During partial coronary occlusion and after injection of Renografin-76, preejection tension decreased from 91.7 +/- 6.3 to 53.8 +/- 3.9 percent (p less than 0.01), total tension from 89.9 +/- 5.0 to 59.7 +/- 3.5 percent (p less than 0.01) and ejection tension from 22.8 +/- 8.1 to 17.8 +/- 10.9 percent, whereas segment length increased from 112.7 +/- 3.7 to 130.7 +/- 4.6 percent (p less than 0.01) of control value. In contrast to findings in the normal coronary circulation, tension and length changes lasted 54 +/- 16 (range 15 to 180) seconds (p less than 0.05). The hyperemic response during normal coronary circulation was completely abolished during partial coronary occlusion. Prior administration of nitroglycerin did not shorten the duration of the myocardial depressant effects of Renografin. Injections of equiosmolar dextrose or saline solution produced qualitatively similar but quantitatively less marked changes. Thus, intracoronary Renografin-76 has an accentuated and prolonged depressant effect on the ischemic as compared with the normally perfused myocardium; this effect is not solely due to its hyperosmolarity or sodium concentration. PMID- 6781324 TI - Coronary artery disease in the Hurler syndrome. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extent of coronary narrowing at necropsy in six children. AB - The amount of cross-sectional area luminal narrowing in each 5 mm segment of each of the four major epicardial coronary arteries (right, left main, left anterior descending and left circumflex) is described at necropsy in six children (aged 3 to 16 years) with the Hurler syndrome. In five patients at least one of the four major coronary arteries was narrowed 76 to 100 percent, and in four of these five patients all four major arteries were narrowed to this extent. Of the 24 major coronary arteries in the six patients, 17 (71 percent) were narrowed 76 to 100 percent at some point. A total of 182 segments were examined from the 24 major coronary arteries, and the extent of narrowing was as follows: 96 to 100 percent, 14 (8 percent); 76 to 95 percent, 61 (34 percent); 51 to 75 percent, 59 (32 percent); 26 to 50 percent, 39 (21 percent) and 0 to 25 percent, 9 (5 percent). By applying a score of 1 to 4 to each 5 mm segment according to its category of narrowing (1 = 0 to 25 percent; 2 = 26 to 50 percent; 3 = 51 to 75 percent and 4 = 76 to 100 percent), the 182 segments had a total score of 570 and a mean score of 3.2, indicating that each segment was narrowed an average of about 67 percent in cross-sectional area. Thus, narrowing of the major epicardial coronary arteries at necropsy is usually diffuse and severe in the Hurler syndrome, which is the cause of the most severe coronary narrowing in childhood. PMID- 6781325 TI - Ventricular tachycardia: prediction of response to oral aprindine with intravenous aprindine. AB - Aprindine was administered both intravenously and orally to 25 patients with ventricular tachycardia refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic agents to test the hypothesis that the response to intravenous aprindine predicts the response to oral aprindine. Ten patients had incessant ventricular tachycardia and 15 had paroxysmal sustained inducible ventricular tachycardia. Eleven patients (43 percent) had conversion to sinus rhythm with intravenous aprindine (nine with incessant and two with paroxysmal sustained ventricular tachycardia). Thirteen patients (all with paroxysmal sustained ventricular tachycardia) manifested slowing of the tachycardia without conversion, whereas in one patient with incessant ventricular tachycardia, the tachycardia became less frequent and nonsustained after intravenous aprindine. All 11 patients who had conversion to sinus rhythm with intravenous aprindine remained free of ventricular tachycardia during oral treatment with aprindine (at 2 weeks) and for a follow-up period of 2 to 38 months (mean 16 +/- 13). Of the 14 patients who did not have conversion to sinus rhythm with intravenous aprindine, 12 had spontaneous or inducible ventricular tachycardia, or both, at evaluation 1 to 2 weeks after initiation of oral aprindine. In conclusion, administration of intravenous aprindine to patients with ventricular tachycardia is helpful in predicting the subsequent response to oral aprindine. In addition, the pattern of ventricular tachycardia predicted the response to aprindine; patients with incessant ventricular tachycardia tended to respond, and those with paroxysmal sustained ventricular tachycardia tended not to respond. PMID- 6781326 TI - The scientific foundation for prevention of coronary heart disease. PMID- 6781327 TI - The liver in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Hepatic tissues from nine patients who had fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever were examined in sequential sections by brightfield and immunofluorescence microscopy for histologic lesions and for coincidence of these lesions with the distribution of Rickettsia rickettsii. The basic hepatic lesion in Rocky Mountain spotted fever is an inflammation of the portal triad in which large mononuclear cells and neutrophils predominate. Rickettsia were demonstrated in lesions of the portal triads in eight of nine cases. Inflammation of the portal triad and sinusoidal erythrophagocytosis showed a strong relationship to the presence of the disease state when comparisons with age- and sex-matched control subjects were made. Hepatocellular necrosis was not found to be an important pathologic feature of the disease. Elevated serum bilirubin values and jaundice are likely to be due to a combination of duct obstruction secondary to inflammation and edema of portal triads, and hemolysis. PMID- 6781329 TI - Immunohistochemistry of fresh-frozen lymphoid tissue with the direct immunoperoxidase technic. AB - Recent evidence suggests that immunofluorescence is superior to immunohistochemistry for the study of lymphomas, since the latter procedure often results in identification of polyclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulins or negative immunostaining in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas marking monoclonal with immunofluorescence. However, immunohistochemical studies are usually applied to paraffin-embedded tissues. A modified direct immunoperoxidase procedure using fresh-frozen cryostat tissue sections, short incubation with peroxidase-labeled antikappa and antilambda antisera, and chromogens chemically unrelated to benzidine was developed. Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas previously characterized by direct immunofluorescence showed monoclonal surface membrane-associated light chains outlining each neoplastic cell. Follicular (nodular) lymphomas were characterized by monoclonal light chains in neoplastic nodules with compressed negative or polyclonal rims. Diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas demonstrated diffuse individual cellular monoclonal staining. Five normal lymph nodes showed polyclonal immunostaining of follicular centers. The immunostained slides resulting from this procedure are permanent preparations amenable to counterstaining. PMID- 6781328 TI - Immunohistochemical identification of factor VIII-related antigen in endothelial cells of cutaneous lesions of alleged vascular nature. AB - Immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen (FVIII-RAG) with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic was used as a marker for endothelial cells in a variety of nevoid, reactive, and malignant vascular cutaneous proliferations. The endothelial cells of small normal cutaneous vessels gave the strongest reaction. The cells of hemangioma and angiokeratoma generally were stained, but with less consistency. In lymphangioma, pyogenic granuloma, and pigmented purpuric dermatosis, positivity was either patchy or of lesser intensity. Numerous strongly positive endothelial cells lining well-formed blood vessels were present in lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma, but the proliferating spindle cells forming "vascular slits" were uniformly negative. The cells of angiosarcoma were essentially negative, except for isolated elements in the better-differentiated areas. Plasma was also strongly positive; this may aid in distinguishing vascular from lymphatic channels. Anti-FVIII-RAG immunoperoxidase staining is a helpful aid in evaluating cutaneous vascular proliferations. PMID- 6781330 TI - Reliability of "standard" plasmas used by clinical laboratories for one-stage factor VIII assays. AB - The reliability of "standard" plasmas used by clinical laboratories to assay factor VIII concentrations of patients' plasmas was studied by assessing the credibility of their reference values. Two of three commercial reference plasmas were considered to be unreliable. The third commercial reference plasma appeared to be suitable when assayed against frozen pools of fresh normal plasma with an assigned value of 100% activity. However, assays using fresh pools of normal plasma suggested that the reference value may lack credibility. This study also showed that assignment of 100% activity to frozen pools of fresh normal plasma prepared locally in laboratories may be fallacious. PMID- 6781331 TI - Enhanced growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence of selenium. AB - The present investigation found that the rate of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was enhanced in the presence of sodium selenate. Stock cultures of M. tuberculosis streaked onto media containing sodium selenate showed visible colonies within three days, compared with 12 days on media without selenate. The optimum concentration for enhancement by sodium selenate was found to be 5 microgram/ml. PMID- 6781332 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human prostate-specific acid phosphatase. A sensitive and specific assay for semen detection in forensic medicine. AB - Human prostate-specific acid phosphatase was measured by a rapid and sensitive radioimmunoassay in samples which originated from investigations of suspected sexual assaults and in which microscopic examination did not show sperm cells. Of the 12 samples, Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion showed the presence of spermatic fluid in three samples, whereas radioimmunoassay detected an additional seven spermatic fluid-positive ones. It is also shown that the procedure is sensitive enough for forensic medical purposes to detect semen in highly diluted postcoital vaginal fluid, and no cross-reactivity with nonseminal samples tested was observed. PMID- 6781333 TI - IgD myeloma with intracytoplasmic crystalline inclusions. AB - Plasma cells from an IgD myeloma contained intracytoplasmic crystals. By electron microscopy, these crystals had 13-nm periodicity and were contained within vacuoles formed of smooth membranes. Immunofluorescence microscopy of the neoplastic plasma cells demonstrated diffuse cytoplasmic staining with accentuated Golgi region staining specific for immunoglobulin delta heavy and lambda light chains. The observations support an association between the crystal containing vacuoles and the Golgi apparatus. Previously reported plasma cell and lymphocyte crystalline inclusions are reviewed, and compared with the crystals described in this report. PMID- 6781334 TI - Type and screen--use and effectiveness in elective surgery. PMID- 6781335 TI - Prospective evaluation of routine admission urinalyses. AB - Nine hundred fifty-four pediatric patients admitted to our hospital had a "dipstick" urinalysis. Glucosuria, hematuria, and proteinuria were found in 6.0%, 5.3%, and 2.5%, respectively. By requiring two urinalyses and by eliminating artifacts that led to false-positive results, these rates declined to 0.9%, 2.2%, and 0.6%. A verbal "prompt" of the house staff was used to achieve a 95% follow up rate. Four new diagnoses resulted from the effort: juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, pelvic kidney, sickle cell trait, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. However, it is questionable as to whether any of these patients benefited. In addition, when specific screening criteria are applied, it is difficult to justify a routine screening urinalysis on every pediatric hospital admission. The cost of screening, diagnosis, and treatment was $3,671. Recommendations are given to those undertaking any hospital admission screening effort. PMID- 6781336 TI - Population genetic studies of the Philippine Negritos. III. Identification of the carbonic anhydrase-1 variant with CA1 Guam. AB - Investigation of blood samples from 277 Mamanwas of northeastern Mindanao, Philippines, confirmed the concentration of the variant carbonic anhydrase-1 (CA1 3N) in this group. The frequency for the variant allele was estimated at .217 +/- .017. It occurs also in the Manobos, the Mongoloid indigenous inhabitants of the same district, although the frequency is low (.019 +/- .008). Survey of samples from other Philippine populations, including the Aeta and the Ifugao of Luzon, failed to find variants. This findings suggests different origins of the Aeta and the Mamanwa, although both are usually referred to as Negritos. The Ca1 3N protein was purified by affinity chromatography using azosulfonamide and rechromatography on a DEAE-Sephadex column. The tryptic peptide pattern of CA1 3N was similar to that of CA1 Guam already reported. Furthermore, amino acid analyses of the tryptic peptides indicated that CA1 3N is characterized by the substitution 253 Gly leads to Arg, confirming the identity of this variant with CA1 Guam. The widespread occurrence of CA1 3 variants in the Western Pacific suggests that this variant was once common in an aboriginal population of this region, from which it was scattered by gene flow. PMID- 6781337 TI - Terminal chromosome attachments. AB - Descriptions are presented of four cases of attachment of chromosome material at the ends of normal chromosomes in Drosophila. Since no material appears to be missing from the polytene chromosomes and there are no ill effects to the organism in morphology, viability, or fertility when the chromosome is made homozygous, it is argued that the attachment occurred without the loss of any essential genetic material and that, in all probability, the break at the end of the chromosome occurred within the telomere of the chromosome. These cases may serve as a parallel to cases of apparent terminal breakage and reunion in certain rearrangements in man. PMID- 6781338 TI - Incidence and severity of viral hepatitis in pregnancy. AB - A prospective field study was carried out during an epidemic of non-A non-B hepatitis for determining the incidence and severity of hepatitis in pregnant women, nonpregnant women of child bearing age and men (15 to 45 years old). In 36 (17.3 percent) of 208 pregnant women viral hepatitis developed, as compared to 71 (2.1 percent) of 3,350 nonpregnant women and 107 (2.8 percent) of 3,822 men. The incidence of disease in pregnant women was higher than in the two control groups. The incidence of viral hepatitis in the first, second and third trimesters was 8.8 percent, 19.4 percent, and 18.6 percent, respectively. The incidence in all three trimesters was higher, when compared to that in nonpregnant women. In eight pregnant women (22.2 percent) with viral hepatitis, fulminant hepatic failure developed, as compared to its occurrence in three men (2.8 percent) and in no nonpregnant women. This significantly increased incidence of fulminant hepatitis in pregnancy was indicative of a greater severity of hepatitis during pregnancy. Increased susceptibility to fulminant hepatitis was observed exclusively in the last trimester. Nonfulminant viral hepatitis did not influence the course of pregnancy or fetal well-being. Fetal loss in fatal fulminant hepatitis was a consequence of maternal death and could not be ascribed to direct effect on the fetus or pregnancy. PMID- 6781339 TI - Sustained reversal of chronic hypercapnia in patients with alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. Long-term maintenance with noninvasive nocturnal mechanical ventilation. AB - Described in this study are eight patients with alveolar hypoventilation syndromes who presented with carbon dioxide narcosis and coma. After reversal of severe hypercapnia, all patients were discharged and maintained at home for an average period of 10 years utilizing "noninvasive" nocturnal mechanical ventilation. The use of "noninvasive" mechanical ventilation at home attempted to void the hazards of tracheostomy and the difficulties inherent in continuous daytime use of oxygen. This form of treatment has allowed these patients to continue their previously productive lives. This study represents the first published long-term follow-up regarding this mode of treatment in patients with alveolar hypoventilation. PMID- 6781340 TI - The clinical utility of glycosylated hemoglobin. AB - Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobins in diabetic patients has been available to clinicians for about five years. Such measurements correlate with mean serum glucose determinations over time; therefore, they have stimulated a number of studies to determine (1) if these assays are useful in diagnosing diabetes, (2) the clinical utility of determinations of minor hemoglobins in monitoring diabetic control, and (3) the relationship of glucose "control" (as indicated by concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobins) to abnormalities or "sequelae" of the diabetic state. High concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobins are highly specific for diabetes, and positive findings provide a useful diagnostic test. However, this measurement is less sensitive than a glucose tolerance test. As a clinical tool, these hemoglobins are most useful in labile diabetes, i.e., juvenile-onset diabetes and diabetes in pregnancy. In adult-onset diabetes, the fasting serum glucose concentration is apt to correlate well with the concentration of hemoglobins A1a-c. A correlation between several abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus and concentrations of hemoglobins A1a-c have been reported. These abnormalities include abnormalities of the erythrocyte, leukocyte, platelet, and coagulation cascade and hormonal profiles in juvenile onset diabetes and diabetes in pregnancy. In addition, correlation have been reported between certain risk factors or abnormalities, associated with vascular disease and concentrations of minor hemoglobins, including lipid profiles microvascular disease as reflected by retinal changes and quadriceps capillary basement membrane thickening, and macrovascular disease as reflected by pulse volume recordings. These studies have led to a reevaluation of the role of glucose "control" in contributing to diabetic sequelae, and, thus, have stimulated new approaches to the management of diabetes. PMID- 6781341 TI - The pharmacology of sulfonylureas. AB - In this report we review the pharmacology of the hypoglycemic sulfonylurea drugs. The early work with sulfonylureas is briefly described. The pharmacokinetics of first-generation sulfonylureas, such as tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, acetohexamide and tolazamide, are described. The first-generation sulfonylureas are compared with second-generation sulfonylureas such as glyburide, glipizide and glibornuride. These latter drugs have a more nonpolar or lipophilic side chain, which results in a marked increase in their hypoglycemic potency. Because of the low serum concentration required for effective therapy, it is necessary to measure the serum concentration of second-generation sulfonylureas by gas-liquid chromatography or radioimmunoassay. The second-generation sulfonylureas do not produce facial flushing after ethanol ingestion (Antabuse effect) and are not uricosuric. Glyburide (but not glipizide or glibornuride) has been evaluated for its effect on water excretion. Glyburide not only does not increase water retention but in fact also increases free water clearance. The second-generation sulfonylureas bind to human serum albumin by nonionic forces in contrast with tolbutamide and chlorpropamide which bind by ionic forces. Thus, anionic drugs such as phenylbutazone, warfarin and salicylate do not displace glyburide from albumin as they displace tolbutamide and chlorpropamide. Therefore, it may be safer to administer the second-generation sulfonylureas than the more polar sulfonylureas when concurrent administration of other pharmacologic agents is likely. The sulfonylurea drugs lower plasma glucose concentrations in diabetic patients by stimulating insulin secretion and by potentiating the biologic effect of the insulin on such tissues as skeletal muscle, fat and liver. The mechanism of the latter so-called extra-pancreatic effect may be activated by increasing the deficient numbers of insulin receptors on muscle, fat or liver cells. PMID- 6781342 TI - Lessons learned from surveillance cultures in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Usefulness for epidemiologic, preventive and therapeutic research. PMID- 6781343 TI - Evidence of genetic variation for alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase in black and white populations: a new polymorphism. AB - Serum and/or plasma samples from 360 Whites and 126 Blacks were assayed for activity of the lysosomal hydrolase alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). The samples from the Blacks had an increased mean (0.50 nm/ml/min) and standard deviation (0.30 nm/ml/min) compared to those from the Whites (0.29 nm/ml/min and 0.10 nm/ml/min, respectively). After loge transformation and admixture analysis, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of 3 distributions of NAG activity in Blacks and at least 2 in Whites. Segregation analysis of the NAG activity of 29 White half-sib twin families indicated that a genetic model for the inheritance of NAG activity provided a better fit (P less than 0.01) with the data than the "environmental" model. Thus, the study suggests the presence of a genetic polymorphism for NAG activity in Black and White populations. The presence of alleles for high and low NAG activity in the normal population could lead to incorrect interpretation of serum carrier tests for Sanfilippo syndrome, type B. PMID- 6781345 TI - Dollars and sense looking at costs in patient care. PMID- 6781344 TI - Plasma exchange removes glycosphingolipid in Fabry disease. AB - In a man with Fabry disease, basal plasma glycosphingolipid (GSL) levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A series of three alternate-day plasma exchanges transiently lowered plasma ceramide trihexoside (CTH) to normal. A total of 70 mu moles of CTH were removed by eight plasma exchanges. If future studies show that pathologic tissue accumulations of CTH are reduced by plasma exchange, then long-term repetitive plasma exchange could be used as treatment until enzyme replacement is practical. PMID- 6781346 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome. AB - We studied 23 patients with pelvic inflammatory disease associated with symptoms of pleuritic up'per abdominal pain, characteristic of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (FHC). A fourfold or greater change in antibody titer to Chlamydia trachomatis was demonstrated by microimmunofluorescence in 14; an IgG antibody titer greater than or equal to 1:1,024 was seen in 13; and IgM antibody was demonstrated in 11. Twenty (87%) of the 23 FHC patients, including all of the 12 with paired sera obtained at least 6 weeks apart, had serologic evidence of acute C. trachomatis infection. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from seven (30%) of the 23 FHC cases, and C. trachomatis was isolated from three of 10. Two groups of matched controls were studied; one group with PID but without FHC, and the other without PID. A larger proportion of patients with FHC had serologic evidence of acute C. trachomatis infection than either of the two control groups (p less than 0.05 for each comparison). Among those with antibody to C. trachomatis, the geometric mean antibody titer for the FHC group (1:724) was significantly higher than that for the PID group (1:138) or for the non-PID group (1:103). Thus, FHC is not solely attributable to infection with N. gonorrhoeae; most cases are associated with acute C. trachomatis infection. PMID- 6781347 TI - Problems in the surveillance and control of sexually transmitted agents associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in the Far East. AB - Little published data are available on pelvic inflammatory disease in the Far East. Measures available to control gonorrhea in the region are reviewed. The rising incidence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Singapore and the Far East and its implications concerning the pathogenesis of PID are discussed. PMID- 6781348 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease among women presenting to emergency rooms of hospitals in Massachusetts. AB - We obtained reports prospectively from the emergency rooms of 24 hospitals for 1 year. Nine percent of 3,505 women examined for genital infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae were infected with this organism. Two thirds of the infected women had gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease. The ratio of gonococcal PID to nongonococcal PID was 1:4.6 N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from 20% of women with PID in cities where the rate of all reported gonococcal infection was higher than the rate for the entire state (200 per 100,000 population). In contrast N. gonorrhoeae was isolated from only 13.4% of women with PID in cities with gonococcal infection rates lower than the rate for the state as a whole (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6781349 TI - An overview of infectious agents of salpingitis, their biology, and recent advances in methods of detection. PMID- 6781350 TI - Gonococcal salpingitis is less likely to recur with Neisseria gonorrhoeae of the same principal outer membrane protein antigenic type. AB - If protective immunity were to develop following an episode of gonococcal pelvic inflammatory disease (salpingitis), PID should recur with organisms bearing antigens that do not react with these immune mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, gonococci from 15 women with gonococcal PID, who experienced 19 subsequent episodes of gonococcal infection, were serotyped for their principal outer membrane protein (Protein I) antigens. Of nine cases in which the initial and subsequent infections involved the same Protein I serotype, none was associated with recurrence of PID. Of 10 cases in which the initial and subsequent infections involved different Protein I types, five were associated with recurrent PID (p = 0.02). These data suggest that an episode of gonococcal PID produces some immunity to repeated episodes of salpingitis with the same Protein I serotype, while not preventing reinfection with the same Protein I serotype. The immune response to Protein I antigen may thus provide serotype-specific protection against gonococcal salpingitis. PMID- 6781351 TI - Gonococcal lipopolysaccharide: a toxin for human fallopian tube mucosa. AB - Gonococci damaged the mucosa of human fallopian tubes in organ culture (FTOC), producing characteristic pathologic features. Filter-sterilized supernatant fluid from donor gonococcal-infected FTOC damaged recipient FTOC in a similar fashion. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was detected in these toxic donor fluids in concentrations of 1.2 to 8.3 microgram/ml. Purified gonococcal LPS in concentrations as low as 0.015 microgram/ml produced damage equivalent to that caused by toxic donor fluid and was neutralized by polymyxin B. Such LPS-mediated damage to ciliated cells, if it occurs in gonococcal salpingitis, may impair mucociliary flow and predispose to ectopic pregnancy and recurrent ascending infection. PMID- 6781352 TI - Initiation of human parturition. XII. Biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins in human fetal membranes and uterine decidua. AB - Prostaglandin synthetase activity was assayed in homogenates prepared from human fetal membranes and uterine decidua tissues with [14C] arachidonic acid used as substrate. In amnion, chorion laeve, and decidua vera tissues obtained after the spontaneous onset of labor and vaginal delivery the mean specific activities of prostaglandin synthetase were respectively 1.47, 0.53, and 0.39 nmoles x hr-1 x gm-1 tissue; in these same tissues obtained at elective cesarean section before the onset of labor the mean specific activities of prostaglandin synthetase were respectively 0.61, 0.33, and 0.28. The specific activity of prostaglandin synthetase of amnion (but not chorion laeve or decidua vera) was significantly greater in samples obtained after labor than in those obtained before labor (p less than 0.02). Prostaglandin synthesis in amnion, chorion laeve, and decidua vera was inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid and by indomethacin. Prostaglandin E2 was formed in amnion and chorion laeve, whereas prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha were formed in decidua vera. The activity of NAD+ dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was also assayed and the specific activities of this enzyme in chorion laeve and decidua vera tissues obtained before and after labor were high, whereas 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in amnion was low. PMID- 6781353 TI - The carbon dioxide laser in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a five-year experience in treating 230 patients. AB - Two hundred and thirty patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were treated over a 5-year period with the carbon dioxide laser at the University of Kansas. Analysis of cytologic findings, biopsy results, location of the lesion, treatment factors, and recurrence rates are reported. Ninety percent of the patients were cytologically free of intraepithelial neoplasia at the end of the study. PMID- 6781354 TI - Complications associated with carbon dioxide laser surgery in gynecology. AB - Complications associated with the use of the carbon dioxide laser in 624 gynecologic patients are presented. Bleeding and pain were the most common side effects of this new modality. Although bleeding occurred in 63 patients, it was considered minor, i.e., requiring no treatment in 56 women. Pain was rather mild and could be dealt with easily by allowing heat buildup to dissipate. Only one laser accident was observed in the entire series. Interestingly, scar formation, e.g., cervical stenosis, was essentially nonexistent. Similarly, no infections were reported. The carbon dioxide laser compares favorably to conventional treatment methods insofar as complications are concerned; however, if future complications are to be avoided, careful training in CO2 laser technology must precede clinical use of the instrument. PMID- 6781355 TI - Contraindications for mannitol in aphakic glaucoma. AB - When prescribing mannitol to decrease intraocular pressure, the physician must be alert to potential complications. A 72-year-old woman suffered obtundation, intractable pulmonary edema, acidemia, and irreversible renal insufficiency despite vigorous hemodialysis. When renal function is compromised, careful monitoring of electrolyte levels, daily urine output, and renal function is necessary with mannitol therapy. PMID- 6781356 TI - Theileriosis: cell-mediated and humoral immunity. AB - The protozoan parasite of cattle Theileria parva transforms lymphoid cells into permanently proliferating cell lines. Antibodies reacting with parasite antigens can be detected by several methods, but there is no evidence that they are protective. Two cellular responses to infection have been found. In immune animals powerful cytotoxicity restricted to syngeneic infected cells rapidly appears; this is thought to be mediated by T-lymphocytes and to play a major role in resistance to reinfection. In primary infections cytotoxicity against allogeneic infected and xenogeneic cells is observed late. This is thought to be due to activation of a nonspecific cytotoxic system, which contributes to the lymphocytolysis and panleukopenia, a prominent feature of the disease. If mounted early enough, the nonspecific effector mechanism could also contribute to recovery from a primary infection, when it occurs. PMID- 6781357 TI - The effects of race, sex, and nutrition on craniofacial differeniation in rats. A multivariate analysis. AB - Wistar and Holtzman rats were fed (a) control diet ad libitum (controls); (b) restricted control diet (undernourished); and (c) low-protein diet ad libitum (malnourished), from weaning to 70 days of age. Mahalanobis D2 distances between cranial groups were assessed. Besides, differences among traits were assessed by the analysis of variance and Tukey test. The relative influence of each factory yielded a decreasing sequence: protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM)-Protein deficit (PD)-race-sex. However, this sequence differed between races. The significant sexual dimorphism in Wistar controls disappeared because of PCM and PD. Race and sex, race and nutrition, and race, sex, and nutrition interacted. Traits were classified into: (a) specific, (b) nonspecific, and (c) invariable. The specific race traits were alveolar length and foraminal width. The specific nutritional traits were neurocranial and splanchnocranial length and heights, alveolar and neurocranial widths, and the neuro-splanchnocranial index (NSI) and the neurocranial vertico-transversal index (NVTI). There were no specific sexual traits. It was concluded that nutritional factors can modify a taxonomic distance in three different ways: (a) evoking morphological differences among populations of the same racial group, (b) altering differences among racial groups, and (c) modifying the pattern of sexual dimorphism of a population. It is suggested that craniological studies should take into account only the set of specific traits, disregarding both specific traits due to other factors and nonspecific ones. PMID- 6781358 TI - Experimental stress analysis of topographic diversity in early hominid gnathic morphology. AB - Reconstructing the biomechanics of early hominid mastication is a key element in most models of hominid differentiation. Traditionally, osteological features marking muscle attachment surfaces have served as a reference system from which the vector geometry of the masticatory force system and resultant force distributions could be predicted. To augment traditional morphological and computational approaches, we developed a simulation system capable of replicating human and non-human primate chewing motions. The forces of occlusion are recorded as photoelastic fringes in a urethane alveolar process. Simulation experiments evaluating the functional correlates of topographic diversity in zygomatic root position and mandibular ramus height in early hominids indicated that the mandibles and dentitions of robust australopithecines are well adapted to sustain high magnitude, low gradient load distributions. PMID- 6781359 TI - Development of lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in tissues of the ob/ob mouse. AB - Lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity are evaluated in adipose tissue, liver, and diaphragm of ob/ob and non-ob/ob mice. In ob/ob mice, hepatic fatty acid synthesis from [U-14C]glucose is elevated by 4 wk of age, and adipose tissue fatty acid synthesis increases at approximately 7 wk. Hepatic activities in ob/ob mice of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.44), malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.40), and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) are dramatically increased by 7 wk of age. Diminished insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis is first noted in the diaphragm of ob/ob mice at 7 wk of age. Insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is impaired at 3 wk. At 7 wk, insulin-stimulated fatty acid synthesis in adipose tissue of ob/ob mice is markedly increased. Adipose tissue glyceride-glycerol synthesis continues to increase throughout development, whereas fatty acid synthesis decreases after 7 wk. The data suggest that alterations in lipid synthesis occur very early in the development of ob/ob mouse, prior to expression to overt obesity, at which time a major contribution to lipogenesis is made by the liver. The altered de novo lipogenesis does not precede the reported diminution in energy metabolism. PMID- 6781360 TI - Disparate effect of clomiphene and tamoxifen on pituitary gonadotropin release in vitro. AB - The direct effects of clomiphene citrate (Clomid), tamoxifen, and estradiol (E2) on the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied in cultured anterior pituitary cells obtained from adult ovariectomized rats. Treatment of pituitary cells with Clomid or enclomid (10(-8) M) in vitro for 2 days resulted in a marked sensitization of the gonadotroph to GnRH as reflected by a 6.5-fold decrease in the ED50 of GnRH in terms of LH release from 2.2 x 10(-9) M in untreated cells to 3.6 x 10(-10) M. Treatment with E2 or Clomid also increased the sensitivity of the gonadotroph to GnRH in terms of FSH release by 4.3- and 3.3-fold respectively. Tamoxifen, a related antiestrogen, comparable to Clomid in terms of its ability to compete with E2 for pituitary estrogen receptors, was without effect on the GnRH-stimulated LH release at a concentration of 10(-7) M. Furthermore, tamoxifen, unlike Clomid, caused an apparent but not statistically significant inhibition of the sensitizing effect of E2 on the GnRH-stimulated release of LH. Our findings suggest that Clomid and its Enclomid isomer, unlike tamoxifen, exert a direct estrogenic rather than an antiestrogenic effect on cultured pituitary cells by enhancing the GnRH-stimulated release of gonadotropin. PMID- 6781361 TI - [U-14C]glucose, -alanine, and -leucine oxidation in rats at rest and two intensities of running. AB - The oxidations of injected [U-14C]glucose, [U-14C]alanine, and [U-14C]leucine were investigated in laboratory rats during rest or 2 h of easy and hard treadmill running. After [U-14C]glucose injection, the rate and magnitude of 14CO2 evolution were relatively low at rest and increased as a linear function of metabolic rate (VO2). Evolution of 14CO2 after [U-14C]alanine injection was faster and larger during exercise than rest. The peak of alanine decarboxylation occurred before glucose and, therefore, did not reflect conversion of alanine to glucose prior to decarboxylation. The rate and magnitude of 14CO2 evolution after [U-14C]leucine injection were proportional to metabolic rate, but less than after glucose or alanine injection. During exercise, levels of alanine and leucine in muscle and blood were unchanged or elevated compared to rest. During exercise, alanine levels were unchanged or increased in liver. Liver leucine levels were depressed when exercise began, but increased toward control values during exercise. The metabolism of selected amino acids is joined to carbon flow sustaining exercise. PMID- 6781362 TI - Modified assays to detect activation of glycogen synthase following exercise. AB - Glycogen levels and glycogen synthase activity were measured in red vastus lateralis muscle of male Sprague-Dawley rats killed at rest, immediately after swimming to exhaustion, or 4 h postexhaustion. Glycogen levels were very low immediately after the exercise but returned to preexercise levels after 4 h of recovery. Activation of glycogen synthase by glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) was determined in the standard assay of Thomas et al. (Anal. Biochem. 25: 486-499, 1968) using 4.4 mM uridine diphosphate glucose (UDPG) (pH 7.8) or in a modified assay using 0.03 mM UDPG (pH 6.9) in the absence or presence of inhibitor (inorganic phosphate or uridine 5'-diphosphate). Activation of glycogen synthase was determined by measuring activity ratio (activity in the absence of G6P divided by activity in the presence of G6P), A0.5 for G6P (concentration of G6P producing half-maximal activation), and fractional velocity (activity with low G6P divided by activity with high G6P). All three measurements indicated glycogen synthase was significantly activated immediately after exhaustion. Activation after 4 h of recovery was not detected using activity ratio but was readily apparent when fractional velocity of A0.5 for G6P were measured. PMID- 6781364 TI - Determination of disequilibrium pH in the rat kidney in vivo: evidence of hydrogen secretion. AB - The recent demonstration of elevated PCO2 in structures of the rat renal cortex indicated that previous determinations of disequilibrium pH (pHDq), and thus the differentiation of H+ secretion from bicarbonate reabsorption per se, required further evaluation. A new aspiration pH electrode was developed to allow tubule fluid to achieve chemical equilibrium at the PCO2 prevailing in vivo. In control and bicarbonate-loaded rats a pHDq was not observed in either proximal or distal tubules. After intravenous benzolamide a significant acid pHDq was observed in the proximal (but not the distal) nephron, and increased further during metabolic alkalosis. During combined metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis a significant pHDq was present in the distal but not in the proximal tubule. Aldosterone administration to bicarbonate-loaded, hypercapnic rats did not alter the distal pHDq further. When present, the pHDq in the distal tubule was obliterated by carbonic anhydrase infusion. We conclude that proximal but not distal tubule fluid is in functional contact with carbonic anhydrase; the enzyme is in excess in the proximal lumen and H2CO3 did not accumulate even during conditions associated with increased H+ secretion; the basal rate of H+ secretion in the distal nephron accessible to cortical micropuncture is less than previously assumed. The data support the view that H+ secretion is the major mechanism of renal bicarbonate reabsorption. PMID- 6781363 TI - Specific FSH suppression in male rat by porcine follicular fluid. AB - A variety of protocols using intact, castrated, and sham-castrated adult male rats was used to test the ability of porcine follicular fluid to selectively suppress serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A total dose of 500 microliters follicular fluid injected intraperitoneally will suppress FSH in the rat with testes within 5 h of injection. This is more than is necessary to suppress FSH in the intact or ovariectomized female. A total dose of 1 ml of follicular fluid is needed to suppress FSH reliably in the castrated male rat. Serum FSH is suppressed significantly beginning between 4 and 5.5 h after intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml of follicular fluid and 3 h after intravenous injection. The suppression continues until 10 h postinjection and is abated by 26 h postinjection. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH) is unaffected by follicular fluid in any protocol tested. It is concluded that 1) follicular fluid can suppress serum FSH in the male if large enough doses are given, 2) follicular fluid has no effect on serum LH, and 3) follicular fluid suppresses serum FSH levels in the male as well as previously tried testicular sources. These results suggest that the delay in demonstrating the existence of inhibin may be due to the use of males as both source and test subject. PMID- 6781365 TI - Abnormal growth hormone response to LRH and TRH in adolescent schizophrenic boys. AB - The authors studied the effect of LRH and TRH on HGH in 10 adolescent schizophrenic boys and 9 age-matched normal boys. Before antipsychotic treatment, LRH and TRH induced a marked rise in hGH in 8 of 10 patients and 4 of 6 patients, respectively. No effect on HGH was observed in the normal controls. After 3 months of treatment with chlorpromazine, thioridazine, or haloperidol, LRH failed to induce a rise in HGH in 5 of the 6 patients tested, but TRH induced a significant rise in HGH in 3 of 4 patients tested. The authors postulate that these results indicate a dysfunction in the mechanism regulating HGH secretion in schizophrenia. PMID- 6781366 TI - Microbial sampling variables and recreational water quality standards. AB - A study was conducted at two beaches on Lake Erie to evaluate the water sampling design for the collection of several microbiological indicator organisms in relation to day, time, and location of collection. The concentrations of these organisms were generally found to vary significantly (P less than 0.05) by the specific time of day and day of weekend that collection took place. However, the concentrations of these organisms did not vary significantly (P greater than 0.05) at various locations in the bathing area. Future studies investigating the health effects of recreational water as related to microbiological variables should be designed to collect water samples at the specific time of day and day of weekend that an individual was exposed. In addition, sampling at various locations in the bathing area should probably be considered for those beaches having poor dispersion of fecal waste sources. PMID- 6781367 TI - HSAs: a partnership in long-term care. PMID- 6781369 TI - Long-term parenteral nutrition with arteriovenous fistula. AB - Sixteen arteriovenous fistulas were created for parenteral nutrition. The complications included stenosis at the site of needling or at the site of vascular anastomosis. Two infections occurred from the surgical creation of a fistula. There were no infections related to fluid infusion. The advantage of the technique is simplicity of fluid administration and the absence of dressings and catheters between infusions. PMID- 6781368 TI - "When can i...?" A practical approach to rehabilitation illustrated by treatment of an ankle injury. PMID- 6781370 TI - Easy insertion of a feeding tube. AB - A small bore feeding tube may be readily introduced into the stomach by splinting it internally, before insertion, with a flexible arteriographic guide wire, which is removed when the tube is in place. Gentle placement of the tube is recommended. PMID- 6781371 TI - [Two cases of von Recklinghausen's diseases (neurofibromatosis) with the involvement of the tongue (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781372 TI - Studies on histamine metabolism in allergen-induced asthma. AB - The excretion of histamine (Hi) and it metabolite methyhistamine (MeHi) was determined in separated fractions of urine up to 12h after standardized allergen provocations in 18 adult patients with defined extrinsic bronchial asthma. The main histamine metabolite, methylimidazoleacetic acid (MeImAA), was measured in six of the patients. After positive provocations (decrease in FEV1 greater than 20%) the excretion of Hi was significantly increased during 3h and that of MeHi during 4h after challenge. Negative provocations (decrease in FEV1 less than 20%) were not followed by any changes in the excretion of Hi and MeHi. MeImAA excretion increased in five out of six patients after positive provocation. It was calculated that the increased excretion of Hi and its metabolites after a positive provocation corresponded to a release of about 1 mg histamine in the body or about 1 microgram/g lung tissue if all histamine was liberated in the lung. Pretreatment with two anti-allergic drugs, disodium cromoglycate and ICI 74.917, giving significant allergen protection, resulted in a smaller increase of the excretion of both Hi and MeHi, indicating an inhibition of histamine release in vivo. PMID- 6781373 TI - The pharmacological basis of drug treatment in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6781376 TI - Simple procedure for purification of diptheria toxin and separation of its fragments by hydrophobic chromatography. PMID- 6781375 TI - Complete profiling of some eicosanoids using glass capillary gas chromatography with flame ionization detection: application to biological samples. PMID- 6781377 TI - LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, HCG and prostaglandin F2 alpha in patients with treated testis tumors. AB - Various kinds of treatments of testicular cancer results in significant changes in peptide hormones, particularly LH and FSH. In some cases, compensated hypothyroidism as indicated by increased TSH with normal T3 are observed. Serum levels of prostaglandin F2 alpha are also elevated after therapy without relation to the stage of the disease. During followup, these patients are found to complain of impotence and infertility, and the evaluation of serum analysis of peptide hormones must consider both the normal hormonal findings of treated testicular cancer patients and recurrence of endocrine active tumor. The hormonal changes from hypophyseal origin are secondary to the primary testicular damages in patients complaining of impotence without tumor recurrence. PMID- 6781374 TI - [Pentazocin/etomidate, an intravenous anaesthesia under spontaneous breathing of room air (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of an i. v. anaesthesia with Pentazocin/Etomidate on heart rate, arterial pressure and bood gases under spontaneous breathing of room air has been investigated on 50 patients with surgical and urological diseases. Heart rate, arterial pressure, pH, HCO3- and pO2 remained unaltered. There was only a slight increase in the beginning of the anaesthesia after injection of Pentazocin in pCO2 and a decrease in oxygen saturation which both were slightly significant. The use of this anaesthesia for ambulatory care is discussed. PMID- 6781378 TI - Further studies on intratesticular testosterone concentration in patients with disturbed fertility. AB - 32 patients with azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia were studied. In all cases testosterone was in the normal range. Luteinizing hormone (LH) in plasma was elevated in 10 patients and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was elevated in 18 cases. The testes were evaluated by morphometry. The higher the degree of tubular atrophy the smaller the testes and the more Leydig cells found in a given piece of tissue. The percentage of the testes occupied by Leydig cells correlated wtih the intratesticular testosterone concentration(r = 0.435, P < 0.001). In the subgroup of patients with normal plasma testosterone and elevated LH values the intratesticular testosterone was significantly (P < 0.001) elevated as compared to the patients with normal LH. PMID- 6781379 TI - [Clinical use of nitroglycerin as an hypotensive agent during general anesthesia for caesarean section. Report of a case (author's transl)]. AB - Nitroglycerin in aqueous solution has been used as hypotensive agent during a caesarean section, in a patient who presented an arterial hypertension not controled by administration of four antihypertensive agents (acebutolol, clonidine, dihydralazine, alpha-methyl-dopa). Nitroglycerin continuous infusion started two hours before caesarean section at the dose of one milligramme over one hour and stopped several hours after. PMID- 6781380 TI - Clinical characteristics and biotransformation of sevoflurane in healthy human volunteers. AB - Sevoflurane was submitted to phase-1 studies in man following extensive testing in animal species during maintenance, was administered with oxygen to produce one hour of anesthesia in six healthy adult male volunteers. Respiratory and cardiovascular functions, the electroencephalogram, arterial blood gases, blood sevoflurane, inorganic fluoride and total, nonvolatile fluorine concentrations, and inspired and mixed expired sevoflurane concentrations were measured during exposure. Concentrations of expired sevoflurane, blood and urinary fluoride, and total nonvolatile fluorine metabolites were also measured after anesthesia. During exposure spontaneous respiratory frequency increased 28 per cent, respiratory minute volume changed insignificantly, and PaCO2s averaged 50 torr. PaCO2s remained near 400 torr. Arterial systolic blood pressure declined an average of 17 per cent. Pulse rate changed insignificantly. After an hour of exposure arterial blood serum inorganic fluoride concentrations averaged 22 microM and plasma nonvolatile organic fluorine concentrations averaged 9.1 mg/l, or 61.3 microM. Uptake of sevoflurane averaged 94 (+/- 63 SD) mmol. Following exposure 37 (/+- 12) mmol of unaltered sevoflurane were estimated to be excreted in exhaled air and 0.90 mmol of inorganic fluoride were excreted in the urine. Recoveries in exhaled air and urine averaged 51.5 (+/- 22.4) per cent of uptake. There was no significant drug-exposure-related change in the chest radiogram, electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, urinalysis results, complete blood count, prothrombin time, serum electrolytes, transaminases, or hepatic and renal functions during four weeks following exposure compared wth preexposure values. Sevoflurane produced anesthesia of excellent quality; it appears to undergo limited biotransformation and to have little or no systemic toxicity. PMID- 6781381 TI - Interactions among ventilation, the circulation, and the uptake and distribution of halothane--use of a hybrid computer multiple model: II. Spontaneous vs. controlled ventilation, and the effects of CO2. AB - The authors have described a basic hybrid computer multiple model of the circulation, ventilation, and uptake and distribution of halothane in a companion paper. A multiple model consists of two or more submodels, each of which is complete in itself and could operate independently. In a multiple model, however, each submodel interacts with the others. The present paper describes the addition of a CO2-control loop (submodel), through which the partial pressure of CO2 modulates ventilation, as well a myocardial "contractility," arterial pressure, cardiac output, and regional vascular resistances. The concentration of halothane modifies these CO2-induced modulations. The CO2- and halothane-induced changes in ventilation and circulation in turn modify the uptake and distribution of halothane. Thus, a complex set of interrelationships among the submodels and compartments exists. PMID- 6781382 TI - Isoflurane and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in neurosurgical patients. AB - The effect of isoflurane on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) was determined in 20 patients undergoing craniotomy for intracranial supratentorial neoplasm or hepatoma. In 15 of these patients, following endotracheal intubation, hyperventilation sufficient to result in PaCO2 25-30 torr was begun simultaneously with the introduction of 1 per cent isoflurane. In the remaining five patients ventilation was equivalent, but normocapnia was maintained by adding CO2 to the inspired gases. In the hypocapnic patients CSFPs did not increase above awake values (range 5-45 torr) following isoflurane administration. In the normocapnic patients (CSFPs consistently increased. In three of these five patients the increases were precipitous, but were corrected rapidly by establishment of hypocapnia. The authors conclude that the known cerebral vasodilator properties of isoflurance can be countered effectively by hypocapnia. Furthermore, unlike the situation with halothane, it is not necessary to establish hypocapnia prior to introducing isoflurane in order to avoid CSFP increases. PMID- 6781383 TI - High-frequency alternating lung ventilation. AB - A new mode, high-frequency alternating lung ventilation (HFALV) is described and demonstrated in which the lungs are alternately pulsed. A fluidic oscillator may be used to deliver two pulsed gas streams, 180 degrees out of phase, to bronchial catheters placed via a double lumen endobronchial tube. Inspiratory phase of one lung thus coincides with expiratory phase in the other, and characteristic lateral rocking chest movements is observed. In six dogs, HFALV was compared to simultaneous pulsing of both lungs with comparable flow (18.5 l/min), frequency (144 min-1), and pulse wave shape. Arterial PCO2 was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) with HFALV. Arterial PCO2 was also found to increase linearly (r = 0.862, P less than 0.001) with distance of the catheters' distal tips from the dogs' carinae. Theoretical mechanisms and possible applications of HFALV are discussed. PMID- 6781384 TI - Cutaneous administration of nitroglycerin in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 6781385 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) caused by Aspergillus terreus: specific lymphocyte sensitization and antigen-directed serum opsonic activity. AB - A 16-year-old male presented with a history of asthma and recurrent pneumonia. A diagnosis of ABPA was based upon the typical clinical presentation, peripheral eosinophilia, elevated IgE and positive immediate skin tests to Aspergillus. Sputum cultures grew A. terreus, a rare cause of human disease. Soluble and particulate antigens were prepared from this organism. Precipitins against A. terreus, but not against A. fumigatus, were detected in the patient's serum. His lymphocytes proliferated markedly in vitro when exposed to soluble A. terreus but not A. fumigatus antigen. The lymphocyte responses correlated with disease activity. Functional serum opsonic activity was measured using the technique of stimulated polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemiluminescence. The nonspecific opsonic activity of the patient's serum was within high normal range when zymosan was employed as an alternative pathway activator. Specific opsonic activity against particulate Aspergillus antigen was significantly increased in the patient's serum when compared with control sera. Despite the presence of specific antibody and opsonic activity against A. terreus, the patient's serum levels of C3, C4, and total hemolytic complement were normal. These findings are consistent with in vivo sequestration of the organism. PMID- 6781386 TI - Type I cryoglobulinemia: approach to management. PMID- 6781387 TI - Bronchial irritant receptors and a possible new action for cromolyn sodium. AB - Regardless of whether the stimulus to the airway is cold air, exercise, agents causing occupational asthma or sulphur dioxide the resulting bronchoconstriction is inhibited by prior treatment with cromolyn sodium, a drug thought to act only by preventing release of histamine from mast cells. Study of bronchial irritants, however, suggests that this drug may also act either directly on bronchial muscle or on irritant receptors. PMID- 6781388 TI - Nutritional complications in postsurgical patients. PMID- 6781389 TI - Neutralizing capacity and cost effectiveness of antacids. AB - The prescribing physician is faced with a wide choice of antacid preparations. To provide a guide, we tested the commonly available antacids, both liquid and tablet, for their acid-neutralizing capacity. We calculated the cost effectiveness of antacids and tabulated the cost of 1 month of therapy. The acid neutralizing capacity and cost effectiveness of liquid antacids are generally better than tablet antacids. The most effective liquid antacids, which are composed of either aluminum and magnesium hydroxide mixtures or calcium carbonate, vary in buffering capacity from 3 to 4.2 meq/mL of antacid and range in monthly cost of therapy from $35 to $74. In contrast, the five least effective liquid antacids vary in acid-neutralizing capacity from 0.3 to 2.3 meq/mL of antacid and in monthly cost of therapy from $78 to $498. Because the monthly cost of therapy is influenced primarily by the acid-neutralizing capacity of the antacid, a high-potency antacid should be prescribed. The taste and sodium content of the antacids should also be taken into account by the prescribing physician. PMID- 6781390 TI - Is antimicrobial prophylaxis of urinary tract infections cost effective? AB - Antimicrobial prophylaxis prevents recurrent urinary tract infections in susceptible women, but its cost effectiveness has not been studied. In a recent placebo-controlled trial of urinary prophylaxis, we also assessed cost effectiveness using a decision analysis model. In our hospital the direct cost of 1 patient year of urinary prophylaxis approximates the cost of treating one episode of cystitis. In women with a baseline infection rate of three per patient year, the annual cost of prophylaxis ($85.82) was less than treatment of acute episodes of infection ($392.30). Sensitivity analyses showed that in women with three infections per year, prophylaxis became cost effective when charges per episode exceeded $42.00. In women with frequent episodes of cystitis, prophylaxis will be cost effective in most practice settings. PMID- 6781391 TI - [Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a new case in an adult with anti factor VIII antibody (author's transl)]. AB - The case history of a 71 year old french man with a lethal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman's Syndrome) is reported. The histological features were typical but the clinical course was remarkable because of the predominant expression was a life threatening hemorrhagic disorder closely linked to a circulating anticoagulant (anti-factor VIII). The bringing to light in a picture of hyperimmunity of a self antibody and a high anti-EBV titer suggest on lymphocyte T deficit could be important in the development of the sinus histiocytosis. PMID- 6781392 TI - Extracellular neuraminidase production by a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from cystic fibrosis. AB - Extracellular neuraminidase production was found in a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a patient with cystic fibrosis. Extracellular neuraminidase was secreted in growth medium during the early stationary phase. The enzyme was produced in brain-heart infusion supplemented with 10% colt serum. The enzyme hydrolyzed the alpha 2 leads to 3 glycosidic linkages from N acetylneuraminlactose and fetuin, and cleaved also mucins from CF. Activity was optimal pH 6.6-7.0, not modified by addition of calcium and magnesium cations, and insensitive to EDTA inhibition (50% inhibition in the presence of 0.035 mM EDTA). The enzyme was stable at temperatures of 4 degrees C for weeks and 37 degrees C for at least 24 h but was almost completely inactivated within 30 min at 56 degrees C. No N-acetylneuraminic acid aldolase was secreted in growth medium. For the neuraminidase producing strain and non-producing reference strains for P. aeruginosa, we demonstrated an endogeneous neuraminidase acting on endogenous substrate from highly concentrated cell extracts. PMID- 6781394 TI - [Influence of hydrothermic and enzymatic treatments on the nutritive value of Faba beans: in vitro study]. AB - In order to improve the digestibility of the Faba bean flour an hydrothermic enzymic and fermentation treatment has been thought out (US patent 395 8015, Ets Ury, M. Gay). This study aims at stemming out the nutritionnal and structural repercusions of this treatment on the Faba proteins. The nitrogen distribution is deeply changed : total nitrogen increase (47%), water soluble nitrogen decrease (41%), water soluble non-protein nitrogen increase. The treatment can enrich the flour in nitrogen but the proteins supplement is insoluble in water. The treatment changed the electrophoretic behaviour of flour proteins letting disappear precipitable pH 4,5 proteins. Amino acid composition is slightly changed, however there is an increase of lysine and methionine (15 et 25%) and a decrease of cysteine (28%). The chemical score shows sulfur amino acids and tryptophan deficiency. Enzymatic (pepsine and pancreatine mixture) liberation of all amino acids is low and is not improved by the treatment but for the lysine. Cell proteins supplement, which appeared during the treatment (61%), water insoluble, could improve nutritive value of the flour if a more complete destruction of the cell walls permitted their liberation and their solubilization. PMID- 6781393 TI - [Bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and ampicillin plus gentamicin compared to trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole on "Listeria monocytogenes" (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriostatic effect of penicillins and old and new cephalosporins was studied on ten strains of Listeria monocytogenes. Their bactericidal effects were studied in relation to time and concentration of antibiotics. If the betalactamines are bactericidal after 48 h only, they can be distinguished by their MBC/MIC ratio. Cephalosporins have a smaller ratio (8 to 32/200) than penicillin and ampicillin; the new cephalosporins have not improved the bactericidal effect of the oldest. The association trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole was equivalent to ampicillin plus gentamicin. PMID- 6781395 TI - [Efficacy of mannitol in certain cases of perception deafness (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of perfusion with Mannitol in certain cases of perception deafness, even when they are longstanding, encourages the possibility of using this treatment even though we cannot yet predict the results. PMID- 6781396 TI - Study of ventilation testing with electronystagmography. AB - Provocation tests such as head shaking and positional tests, as well as hyperventilation, have been used routinely by many laboratories to elicit nystagmus during an electronystagmogram. We added oxygen testing to this routine battery and compared the results with hyperventilation and other forms of provocative testing. Hyperventilation and oxygen testing are unique in that they probably affect the vestibular system by changing the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide supplied. Hyperventilation in theory would decrease available oxygen, while oxygen testing would cause an increase. In a study of two groups totaling over 700 patients, we found that oxygen testing is only occasionally positive (2.5%) and is of little practical value. Hyperventilation testing is positive 8% of the time but rarely alone, and has no localizing value. When hyperventilation and oxygen tests are both positive, the nystagmus may be in opposite directions. In 6 of 18 patients with acoustic neurinomas, hyperventilation produced transitory direction-changing nystagmus. PMID- 6781397 TI - Use of the CO2 laser in otology. AB - There are conflicting reports of the effect on the inner ear of the use of a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. In four cats, we made middle ear lesions with a CO2 laser. Subsequent evaluation by inverted-phase and scanning electron microscopy revealed no inner ear pathology attributable to the CO2 laser. Apparently, appropriate use of the CO2 laser does not harm the inner ear. PMID- 6781398 TI - Second Louis H. Clerf Lecture. Vestibular neuritis. AB - Vestibular neuritis is a discrete degenerative neuropathy of the vestibular nerve trunks. The clinical manifestations consist of one or more severe prolonged episodes of vertigo, sometimes in association with milder periodic or constant unsteadiness. The atrophic changes in the vestibular nerves are usually sufficiently severe to create vestibular test abnormalities. The clinical and pathological features are consistent with a viral etiology. PMID- 6781399 TI - Measurement of optokinetic nystagmus for otoneurological diagnosis. AB - Optokinetic nystagmus was recorded and measured in 101 subjects comprising six diagnostic categories: 1) normal, screened for otologic disease, 2) chronic unilateral labyrinthectomy, 3) unilateral Meniere's disease, 4) neurologically confirmed focal brainstem lesion, 5) brainstem-cerebellar syndrome, and 6) focal unilateral supratentorial lesion. For the OKN test, each subject looked at a translucent screen onto which a field of parallel black and white bars was back projected. The array of bars could be projected vertically or horizontally to allow for study of nystagmus beating right and left or up and down. The speed of movement of the bars varied over a range from 20 to 140 degrees/sec of visual angle, in each axis for both directions. An analysis of the slow phase velocity of OKN indicated that patients with brainstem disease produced significantly lower eye speeds than did normal subjects or patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease. The latter groups could not be distinguished. The responses of patients with cortical lesions fell midway between these two extremes and were significantly different from those of the brainstem group. Directional preponderance of nystagmus proved to be significantly related to the side of lesion for both the labyrinthine and cortical groups. However, the absolute value of the difference in slow phase velocity for nystagmus beating toward or away from the side of lesion was no greater than the difference between right and left beating nystagmus in normal subjects. While the results provide statistical confirmation for the findings of earlier investigations, it is noted that for purposes of clinical diagnosis, the test is of value only in the context of the otoneurological test battery. Distribution of results for individuals in the various groups overlap considerably. The designation of a numerical cutoff for differential diagnosis leads to error rates far in excess of what may be confidently attributed to chance. PMID- 6781400 TI - Unusual early manifestation of multiple sulfatase deficiency. PMID- 6781401 TI - Parenteral and enteral nutrition of the thermally injured patient. AB - The metabolic response to major thermal injury is characterized by gross hypermetabolism with increased basal metabolic rate, increased oxygen consumption, negative nitrogen balance and weight loss. Failure to provide burn patients with sufficient exogenous caloric and nitrogen intake results in catabolic sequelae; impaired wound healing, severe disturbances in regulation of cardiovascular, pulmonary and hepatorenal functions, as well as decreased resistance to infections leading to overt septic episodes. Vigorous nutritional therapy is therefore essential for the survival and optimal care of burn victims. In addition to enteral nutrition -- either by the oral route or with the help of tube feeding, parenteral nutrition is usually required to satisfy the extremely increased energy and protein requirements of the severely burned patient. PMID- 6781403 TI - [Photometric determination of monomycin in biological materials]. AB - A photometric procedure for determination of monomycin in biological materials, such as blood, milk, urine was developed on the basis of the investigation of the reaction of monomycin complex formation with phthalexon-S and praseodymium in water-ethanol medium (1 : 1). The error of estimation of 0.1 microgram of monomycin in 1 ml of a biological material did not exceed 5 per cent (rel.). PMID- 6781402 TI - [Chlorpromazine effect on plasma concentration of corticosterone, gonadotropins and prolactin in the pregnant rat (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma corticosterone, gonadotropins and prolactin are measured from day 1 (G1) to day 4 (G4) of gestation in normal or chlorpromazine injected rats. Chlorpromazine induces a modification of plasma corticosterone, gonadotropins and prolactin (increase in corticosterone and prolactin at G1, p less than 0,001 or P less than 0,01; decrease in LH at G2, p less than 0,01; no modification of FSH). Differed implantations by chlorpromazine seems to be due to an increase in plasma corticosterone and prolactin at G1 and a decrease in plasma LH at G2. PMID- 6781404 TI - Influence of temperature cycling on the production of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Aspergillus parasiticus. AB - The effect of temperature cycling on the relative productions of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999 was studied. The cycling of temperature between 33 and 15 degrees C favored aflatoxin B1 accumulation, whereas cycling between 35 and 15 degrees C favored aflatoxin G1 production. Cultures subjected to temperature cycling between 33 and 25 degrees C at various time intervals changed the relative productions of aflatoxins B1 and G1 drastically. Results obtained with temperature cycling and yeast extract-sucrose medium with ethoxyquin to decrease aflatoxin G1 production suggest that the enzyme system responsible for the conversion of aflatoxin B1 to G1 might be more efficient at 25 degrees C than at 33 degrees C. The possible explanation of the effect of both constant and cycling temperatures on the relative accumulations of aflatoxins B1 and G2 might be through the control of the above enzyme system. The study also showed that greater than 57% of aflatoxin B1, greater than 47% of aflatoxin G1, and greater than 50% of total aflatoxins (B1 plus G1) were in the mycelium by day 10 under both constant and cyclic temperature conditions. PMID- 6781405 TI - Bacterial effect of hydrogen peroxide on urinary tract pathogens. AB - Bacterial contamination of urinary drainage bags is a frequent source of bladder bacteriuria in patients with indwelling catheters. Previous work demonstrated that the addition of 30 ml of 3% H2O2 prevented bacterial contamination of urinary drainage bags for up to 8 h in patients with urinary infections (greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per ml). Survival curves of a variety of organisms in filter-sterilized urine with various concentrations of H2O2 (0.6 to 0.01%) were constructed. Organisms with high cellular catalase activity (Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis) required 30 to 60 min of exposure to 0.6% H2O2 for a reduction of 10(8) to less than 1 colony forming unit per ml, whereas Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp., and Pseudomonas sp. required only 15 min of exposure. The efficacy of H2O2 in urine was maintained despite exposure to room temperature for 5 days and reinoculation with bacterial suspensions. H2O2 is inexpensive and relatively nontoxic, and these data suggest that periodic instillation of H2O2 into urinary drainage bags may eliminate a source of bladder bacteriuria and environmental contamination. PMID- 6781406 TI - Inhibition of Aspergillus growth and aflatoxin release by derivatives of benzoic acid. AB - A study was conducted to determine the effects of o-nitrobenzoate, p aminobenzoate, benzocaine (ethyl aminobenzoate), ethyl benzoate, methyl benzoate, salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoate), trans-cinnamic acid (beta-phenylacrylic acid), trans-cinnamaldehyde (3-phenylpropenal), ferulic acid (p-hydroxy-3 methoxycinnamic acid), aspirin (o-acetoxy benzoic acid), and anthranilic acid (o aminobenzoic acid) upon growth and aflatoxin release in Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3145 and A. parasiticus NRRL 3240. A chemically defined medium was supplemented with various concentrations of these compounds and inoculated with spores, and the developing cultures were incubated for 4, 6, and 8 days at 27 degree C in a mechanical shaker. At the beginning of day 8 of incubation, aflatoxins were extracted from cell-free filtrates, separated by thin-layer chromatography, and quantitated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The structure of these aromatic compounds appeared to be critically related to their effects on mycelial growth and aflatoxin release. At concentrations of 2.5 and 5.0 mg per 25 ml of medium, methyl benzoate and ethyl benzoate were the most effective in reducing both mycelial growth and aflatoxin release by A. flavus and A. parasiticus. Inhibition of mycelial growth and aflatoxin release by various concentrations of the above named aromatic compounds may indicate the possibility of their use as fungicides. PMID- 6781407 TI - Cholesterol as a limiting factor in the growth of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Ultracentrifugation was used to separate three commercial lots of bovine serum fraction (BSF) into components designed to contain lipoproteins. Each BSF lot and component was tested for ability to support the growth of tree strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In general, the level of growth-promoting activity corresponded to the amount of cholesterol present in the BSF or BSF components rather than to the amount or type of lipoprotein Cholesterol was the limiting nutritional factor of BSF with low growth-promoting activity. The addition of cholesterol and bovine serum albumin to BSF with low activity resulted in growth equal to or greater than that observed for BSF with high growth-promoting activity. When cholesterol was added to agar medium containing BSF of low activity, mycoplasma colonies were greater in number, possessed larger mean diameters, and had centers that were more distinct than those observed when this BSF was used alone. Variability in growth-promoting actions of commercial lots of BSF was eliminated by increasing their cholesterol content to an optimum level. An adjustment of the cholesterol and albumin levels of any serum product used in culture media may provide a simple convenient method to improve growth and isolation of mycoplasmas. PMID- 6781408 TI - The overlapping effect of gonadotropins and TSH on embryonic chicken gonads. AB - Determination of gonadal weight, seminiferous canalicule diameter, thickness of ovarian cortex and medulla, as well as of gonadal cell counts in 20-day chicken embryos exposed to gonadotropin (FSH and LH) or TSH at 15 days of pre-hatching life has shown that the examined hormones were able to evoke gonadal response also prenatally. TSH was found to overlap gonadotropin effect in causing increase of seminiferous canalicule diameter, testicular weight and gonocyte counts. In respect of the latter two parameters TSH was even more active than an identical dose of gonadotropin. This indicates that the interstitial and germinal cell receptors of the embryonic testis are not able to differentiate between chemically related, but - in adulthood - functionally different hormones. The ovarian effect of TSH was significant in respect of enhancing organ weight and oocyte mitosis, but not significant for the other parameters. PMID- 6781409 TI - Calcium-dependent regulation of glycogen synthase activity in a muscle glycogen particle. PMID- 6781410 TI - Immunologic distinction of human muscle adenylate deaminase from the isoenzyme(s) in human peripheral blood cells: implications for myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. PMID- 6781411 TI - Purification of cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, and epoxide hydratase from a single preparation of rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6781412 TI - Subunit interactions of nerve growth factor: sedimentation analysis of the dissociation of the 7 S oligomer promoted by salt and ethylenediaminetetraacetate. PMID- 6781413 TI - Involvement of a thioesterase in the production of short-chain fatty acids in the uropygial glands of mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). PMID- 6781414 TI - Regulation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase from tobacco: changes in pH response and affinity for CO2 and Mg2+ induced by chloroplast intermediates. PMID- 6781416 TI - Reproductive success of screech owls fed Aroclor 1248. AB - Aroclor 1248 was fed to captive screech owls (Otus asio) at the rate of three ppm in the diet to determine if reproductive effects such as fewer eggs per clutch, lower hatchability, malformation of the chicks, or higher mortality rates of chicks would appear in this raptorial species as they did in chickens. There were no effects on eggshell thickness, number of eggs laid, young hatched, and young fledged from feeding a low level of Aroclor 1248 to captive screech owls. The polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues found in the eggs of the dosed birds ranged from 3.9 ppm to 17.8 ppm. Background PCB residues in the diet of all experimental birds ranged from non-detected to 0.62 ppm. PMID- 6781415 TI - Prophylaxis and febrile convulsions. PMID- 6781418 TI - [Fabry's disease without cutaneous angiokeratoma: diagnosis by electron microscope study of skin biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781417 TI - Distribution and elimination of a polychlorinated biphenyl after acute dietary exposure in yellow perch and rainbow trout. AB - Distribution and elimination of a single polychlorinated biphenyl isomer (2,5,2',5'-tetrachloro[14C]biphenyl, 4-CB) were compared in a nonfatty fish (yellow perch) and a fatty fish (rainbow trout). Adult fish were exposed acutely to 4-CB (0.8 microgram/fish) by the oral or intraperitoneal route and were killed at designated times thereafter for one month. Whole body elimination of 4-CB was similar in both species with 20 to 30% of the radioactive 4-CB being eliminated in the first 3 to 4 days after treatment, but very little thereafter. Also, the same extent of elimination was seen when the compound was given orally or intraperitoneally. Tissue distribution of 4-CB residues was different in the two species. Perch relied on viscera and carcass as main 4-CB distribution sites and skeletal muscle, skin and scales as minor sites. In rainbow trout, on the other hand, skeletal muscle and carcass were major distribution sites, whereas viscera and skin were minor sites. This species difference in 4-CB distribution was not due to a difference in sexual maturity of the perch and trout, because a build-up of eggs or sperm was not present in the peritoneal cavity of either species. PMID- 6781419 TI - Plasma fibronectin is a component of cryoglobulins from patients with connective tissue and other diseases. AB - Twenty-four washed cryoglobulin precipitates were examined for the presence of plasma fibronectin, immunoglobulins, complement components Clq and C3, and fibrinogen. Plasma fibronectin was detected in all preparations by immunodiffusion with antifibronectin serum, whereas the other components were found in some but not all of the cryoglobulins. PMID- 6781420 TI - [Later revision of patients hospitalized with viral acute hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with previous type A hepatitis have not sequelae; but these are frequent and significant in forms of hepatitis B and non B. Reported data concern ambulatory revision since one to twelve years later of 78 patients hospitalized in the acute stage of illness by the Division of Medicine of the Fiorenzuola d'Arda Hospital. PMID- 6781422 TI - Evaluation of auxiliary laboratories in Cap Bon, Tunisia. PMID- 6781421 TI - [Mathematical models in epidemiological analysis. II. Typhoid fever: time series analysis (author's transl)]. AB - In this paper the systematic analysis of oro-faecal infectious diseases is continued. In order to propose a dynamic model for the evolution of the endemic typhoid fever, we have studied the behaviour of the number of cases of this disease in the town of Bari (Italy) during the years 1955-1978, by the methods of time series analysis. The analysis has pointed out the typical seasonal character of such a disease, and in particular the presence of a main winter cycle followed by a less evident summer cycle. The stochastic model which has been identified on the basis of the data from 1964 to 1978 allows a forecast for the years after 1978. PMID- 6781423 TI - Biliary tract surgery concomitant with other intra-abdominal operations. AB - Biliary tract operations were performed in conjunction with another intra abdominal operation in 253 patients. Of this group, 137 patients had unplanned or "incidental" biliary procedures, with a morbidity rate of 15% and a mortality rate of 7%. Three of the 20 nonfatal complications were related to the biliary tract surgery. A planned biliary tract operation concomitant with another intra abdominal procedure was performed in 65 patients, with a morbidity rate of 20% and mortality rate of 2%. None of these postoperative complications or deaths were attributed to the biliary tract operation. A planned biliary tract procedure plus another incidental and unplanned operation were performed in 51 patients, with a morbidity rate of 11.8% and no deaths. The complications were not specific to the biliary tract operation. The data suggest that it is feasible to perform concomitant cholecystectomy for cholecystostomy for calculous biliary tract disease in patients operated on for nonbiliary diseases. It is also reasonable to perform definitive surgery for most gastrointestinal diseases discovered incidental to a planned cholecystectomy. These recommendations are valid only if the condition of the patient permits the additional operative stress and the exposure is adequate to perform a safe procedure on the gallbladder. Concomitant operations that require choledochotomy are not recommended, except under unusual circumstances. PMID- 6781424 TI - Human pancreatic cell autotransplantation following total pancreatectomy. AB - During total pancreaticoduodenectomy for chronic pancreatitis, four patients received an intraportal pancreatic mixed-cell autograft prepared by collagenase digestion. The technique of this autotransplantation procedure was successfully developed using a normal canine pancreas, but has proved difficult to apply in the human chronic pancreatitis model. Our four patients became insulin-dependent, with proof of intrahepatic insulin production in only one patient. Three factors have contributed to the lack of graft success: 1) the preoperative endocrine status, 2) systemic hypotension and portal hypertension secondary to graft infusion, and 3) difficulty applying the successful technique in a normal dog pancreas to an extensively scarred human pancreas. The preoperative insulin response during a glucose tolerance test was blunted or delayed in the three patients tested. An immediate decrease in blood pressure and rise in portal pressure occurred in every patient and prevented infusion of the entire graft (30 50%) in three patients. Unfortunately, the patient with the most compromised insulin status was the only patient able to receive the entire graft. Our experience would indicate that further refinements in technique are necessary to prevent the vascular reaction and allow infusion of the entire graft. Furthermore, normal islet cell function is necessary before a successful graft can be expected. PMID- 6781425 TI - Improved oxygen delivery to the myocardium during hypothermia by perfusion with 2,3 DPG-enriched red blood cells. AB - The oxygen affinity of red cells increases stepwise with temperature reductions below 37 degrees C. In vitro studies demonstrated that biochemically modified red cells with increased 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) (150% and 250% of normal) exhibited significantly less oxygen affinity at 24 degrees C than did unmodified cells. At 15 degrees C, significant attenuation of affinity was observed with 250%, but not 150%, of normal 2,3 DPG cells. Measurements made of isolated fibrillating dog hearts during perfusion at 24 degrees C alternately with unmodified (80% of normal 2,3 DPG) and modified (300% of normal 2,3 DPG) red cells demonstrated significantly greater oxygen consumption, higher coronary sinus partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, higher in vitro P50 values, and lower arterial and coronary sinus lactate levels during perfusion with modified as compared with unmodified cells. This evidence, indicating improved oxygen delivery to hypothermic dog hearts by red cells with 300% of normal 2,3 DPG activity, suggests that high 2,3 DPG cells might protect myocardial tissue in patients undergoing hypothermic cardiac operation. PMID- 6781426 TI - The management of nonmalignant intrathoracic esophageal perforations. AB - Eight patients with nonmalignant intrathoracic esophageal perforations recognized more than 48 hours (48 hours to 14 days) after rupture were treated at Toronto General Hospital between 1973 and 1978. Perforation was due to postemetic rupture in 7 patients and to instrumentation in 1. The patients were seen with pain (8), vomiting (7), fever (7), shock (4), respiratory insufficiency (5), pleural effusion (7), pulmonary infiltrates (7), and leukocytosis (6). All patients were managed with thoracotomy. Direct suture closure of the perforation was carried out in 4 patients with midesophageal perforations. Postoperative localized leaks developed in 2 of these patients but healed with conservative management. Cervical esophagostomy and esophageal diversion were used in 1 patient in whom a severe empyema developed in the postoperative period. Direct suture closure, reinforced with a gastric patch, was used to close three lower esophageal perforations. None of these patients had a postoperative leak but all developed subsequent reflux esophagitis. All 8 patients survived. In patients with delayed recognition of a nonmalignant intrathoracic esophageal perforation, elimination of continued chemical and bacterial contamination can be achieved by a clear definition and closure of the esophageal mucosal margins. The obliteration of potential pleural spaces by good tube drainage, lung decortication, and the elective use of mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure decreases the incidence of uncontrolled intrapleural sepsis. PMID- 6781427 TI - [Calcium antagonists in severe stable post-infarct angina pectoris]. AB - In 50 patients with severe stable post-myocardial infarction angina grade III and IV of the N. Y. Heart Association, a calcium antagonist (niphedipine) was used in a double blind study with intercrossing. For the experimental design the same patient was his own control. The following criteria were used: number of bouts of angina, consumption of nitroglycerin pearls to control the angina, excercise test (Bruce technic), at the beginning and at the end of each treatment., Favourable results were observed in 36 of the 50 patients, in relation to the number of anginal crisis with a "p" value equal to 0.0062. In the effort capacity an improvement in relation to the basal conditions was observed with a "p" value less than 0.001. This shows a beneficial action of the drug with possible preferent actions on myocardial circulation. PMID- 6781428 TI - [Study of Scorpionidae of the Great Arab Maghreb. II. Immunologic analysis of the venom of Androctonus mauretanicus (Pocock, 1902) of Morocco]. PMID- 6781429 TI - [Further observations on central nervous system myelination in Bufo bufo]. PMID- 6781430 TI - [Comparison between M-mode echocardiography and hemodynamic angiography in the assessment of the severity of obstructive cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6781432 TI - [Comparison between the predictive value of thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy during effort, clinical findings and the effort electrocardiogram. Study in 112 patients undergoing coronary angiography, without previous myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6781431 TI - [Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula from the internal mammary artery. Spontaneous closure]. AB - Two cases of arteriovenous fistula arising from the internal mammary artery are described. The detection of the continuous subclavian murmur was preceded by therapeutic procedures in both cases; difficult subclavian vein catheterisation in the first; reoperation of sternotomy for postoperative haemorrhage after open heart mitral commissurotomy in the second. Oxymetry after sampling at, above and below the subclavian vein confirmed the presence of a shunt and allowed estimation of shunt flow, which was minimal in both cases, 11 and 32% of cardiac output respectively. The origin of the fistula at the internal mammary artery and the communicating vein were identified by semi-selective angiography. The latter was superior vena cava in the first case and the internal mammary vein in the second. The low shunt flow probably explains the outcome: spontaneous closure in both cases. This is exceptional in any form of arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6781433 TI - [Chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation in a case of ventricular aneurysm. Correction by low-dose heparin]. AB - A case of intravascular coagulation in a patient with a very large ventricular aneurysm is reported. Biological signs of defibrination with a low serum fibrin of 0,80 g/1, thrombocytopaenia of 80,000/mm3 and the presence of soluble complexes and FDPs were detected after recurrent haematuria. Low dose heparin (0,15 to 0,20 ml x 2/day by subcutaneous injection) led to normalisation of the fibrinogen levels, increased the platelet count and reversed the consumptive coagulopathy. Each withdrawal of heparin (5 attempts over 16 months) led to a biological relapse. At the final withdrawal of therapy, the biological abnormalities remained minor; the consumption of fibrinogen and platelets was well compensated. Similar cases have been published in aortic aneurysms with and without dissection, but the association with a cardiac aneurysm has not been reported previously. The physiopathological mechanism of the coagulopathy is discussed and the authors suggest routine study of the coagulation system in all patients with cardiac aneurysms. This case illustrates the efficacity of moderate doses of heparin in a patient with "biological hypercoagulability" well documented by laboratory investigations. PMID- 6781434 TI - [Anomalies of left ventricular contraction in the mitral valve prolapse syndrome]. PMID- 6781435 TI - [Assessment of the degree of severity of aortic stenosis. Clinical, mechanographic, echographic and hemodynamic study of 22 cases]. PMID- 6781436 TI - [Phonomechanographic assessment of the transvalvular gradient in aortic stenosis. Study of the index : S1--maximal intensity of murmur / S1--S2]. PMID- 6781437 TI - [Value of transverse radiotomography in the control of the permeability of aortocoronary bypasses, compared with coronary angiography]. AB - The object of this study was to determine whether transverse radiotomography, despite cardiac movement, could be used to visualise aortocoronary bypass grafts to confirm their patency or obstruction. The results were then compared with those of coronary angiography. 20 patients with a total of 38 grafts (18 on the left anterior descending, 8 on the circumflex and 12 on the right coronary artery) underwent tomography. 1 or 2 60 ml boluses of iodide contrast medium were injected into a fore arm vein and 3-5 films were exposed after each injection at 15 sec intervals. Coronary angiography was performed in 16 patients and the results of tomography were identical to those of coronary angiography : 23 patent and 6 occluded grafts. In one case, subtotal proximal stenosis of the left anterior descending artery allowed sufficient flow for the graft to be opacified and considered patent on tomography. The correlation between transverse radiotomography and coronary angiography was excellent. Transverse radiotomography, a non-invasive technique, is very useful in operated patients with atypical chest pain and in those with recurrent angina in whom obstruction of the graft is feared. It does not seem destined to replace control coronary angiography after bypass surgery, but it may be indicated is selected cases. PMID- 6781438 TI - [Calcification of coronary arteries. Clinical and angiographic correlations]. PMID- 6781439 TI - [Adrenergic factors in the hemodynamic adaptation to effort]. PMID- 6781440 TI - [Electrophysiologic properties of intravenous labetalol in normotensive and hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6781441 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine after intravenous or intracoronary injection]. PMID- 6781442 TI - [Myocardial protection during valvular surgery]. PMID- 6781443 TI - [Sudden death during continous electrocardiographic recording by Holter's method]. AB - The case of a 79 year old patient who died during continuous electrocardiographic recording by Holter monitoring is reported. There was a previous history of respiratory insufficiency, postero diaphragmatic myocardial infarction and left hemiplegia. Death occurred suddenly at home after defecation. Analysis of the recording showed multiple polymorphic ventricular extra-systoles, often occuring in doublets at the beginning of the record. Death was caused by a salvo of three ventricular extrasystoles triggering ventricular tachycardia which rapidly degraded to irreversible ventricular fibrillation. This major arrhythmia may have been due either to adrenergic stimulation from the effort of defecation or to acute myocardial infarction. This case underlies the value of Holter monitoring in the assessment of the gravity of an arrhythmia. It is also of interest because of the absence of an R on T phenomenon before the terminal event. PMID- 6781444 TI - [Intrahospital residential unit after the model of sectorized psychiatric care (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781445 TI - [Diabetic ketoacidosis with severe hypertriglyceridemia and eruptive xanthomata (author's transl)]. AB - A boy of 6 with diabetic ketoacidosis presented with a disturbance of lipid metabolism characterised by eruptive xanthomata, hepatomegaly, lipaemia retinalis, milky serum and hypertriglyceridemia with type V electrophoretic pattern. All the findings are typical diabetic hyperlipidaemia. The severity of the abnormalities are not solely due to delay in treatment because they are also caused by the unusual sensitivity of lipoprotein lipase to insulin deficiency. A histological and ultrastructural study of the xanthomata was performed. PMID- 6781446 TI - Pediatric total parenteral nutrition. Liver histopathology. AB - Correlation of clinical data with hepatic histopathology from 31 infants receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) suggest chronologic progression of liver disease with long-term TPN. Steatosis and a prominent eosinophil component in portal-tract extramedullary hematopoiesis appear during the first five days of TPN. The former persists for 90 days, the latter for three weeks. Canalicular cholestasis was present after ten days in 84.2% of the livers studied and bile duct proliferation in 63.6% after three weeks of TPN. Moderate to severe portal fibrosis only occurred after 90 days, whereas micronodular cirrhosis developed in one patient after five months of TPN. Lipofuscin-like pigment and hemosiderin were each demonstrated in 90.3% of the livers studied. Our findings suggest that with up to 90 days of TPN most changes should either be reversible or not severe enough to result in liver failure. PMID- 6781447 TI - Primary tuberculous enterocolitis. Report of three cases and review of the literature. AB - Three patients had primary enteric tuberculosis. Therapy included antituberculous chemotherapy and resection of the involved segment of bowel with primary anastomosis in each case. The symptomatology, roentgenographic findings, histopathology, and treatment of enteric tuberculosis are reviewed. The surgeon must be aware of the fact that primary enteric tuberculosis continues to exist in the United States. Though no pathognomonic symptoms or syndrome occur in enteric tuberculosis, this disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with vague abdominal complaints, weight loss, and anorexia. PMID- 6781449 TI - Surgery in ovarian cancer. PMID- 6781448 TI - A device to stimulate the mechanical component of malignant bowel obstruction. AB - A predictable and progressive experimental intestinal obstruction, simulating a malignancy but without neoplastic change has been produced by application of a silicone rubber ring around the bowel of 20 rats, seven dogs, and five monkeys. Serosal reaction produced fibrous tissue that resulted in an "apple core" obstruction. An easily assembled extraluminal balloon device of silicone rubber can be used to produce acute and progressive experimental obstruction, especially of the large bowel. PMID- 6781450 TI - Drug interactions in epilepsy. AB - Interactions with antiepileptic drugs are common and may have important clinical consequences. The physician should always consider carefully the need for and the implications of adding a new drug to any therapeutic regime and should be prepared to think about the possibility of an interaction whenever an unusual response is seen. Serum drug levels can be an invaluable tool in the recognition and the management of most types of interactions, but in no case can they be a substitute for careful observations and evaluation of the patient's symptoms and physical findings. PMID- 6781451 TI - [Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of late onset. I. Incidence of cases with onset before and after 6 years of age, etiological factors and intellectual level]. AB - Of 66 patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, 15 exhibited the first clinical manifestations after 6 years of age. Twelve of these were followed for a mean period of 2 years and 6 months, with neurological evaluations at about 2-month intervals. A review of the literature showed that, in 20% of the cases studied, the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome begins after the 6th year of life. Clinical evaluation allowed us to find out that our patients exhibited serious neurological damage preceding by several years the onset of the syndrome. The psychometric evaluation showed extensive involvement of the intellectual level, in contrast with the data in the literature on late-onset Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. PMID- 6781452 TI - [Lennox-Gastaut syndrome of late onset. II. Simple and tonic-clonic epileptic crisis]. PMID- 6781454 TI - Effect of an aldose reductase inhibitor on diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Preliminary report. PMID- 6781453 TI - Adult-onset stuttering treated with anticonvulsants. AB - Stuttering and aphasia emerged as salient clinical features in an adult with multifocal brain damage and paroxysmal EEG activity. Anticonvulsant treatment was associated with reversal of the stuttering and with marked improvement in language abilities. PMID- 6781455 TI - Teratogenic effects of anticonvulsants. AB - The incidence of malformations in fetal mice exposed to phenytoin depends on drug dosage and the strain of mice. Animal research also suggests that most anticonvulsants are teratogenic in experimental animals when large doses are used, but the effect of valproate sodium on the fetus is poorly known. Cleft lip and palatal defects have been most extensively studied, but defects have also been noted in eyes, heart, and limb buds. Data from humans are less clearer than the animal data, but human maternal exposure to anticonvulsants may increase infant clefting by threefold to tenfold. If a woman at risk for childbearing is given anticonvulsants for the first time, carbamazepine may be given first. Before pregnancy, the true need for anticonvulsants should be reassessed, but abrupt discontinuation of anticonvulsants during pregnancy is not now recommended. PMID- 6781456 TI - Fracture of an ossified stylohyoid ligament. PMID- 6781457 TI - Mannitol-induced stria vascularis edema. AB - After administration of mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, edema of the stria vascularis occurs, which is morphologically indistinguishable from the stria edema observed after administration of loop-inhibiting diuretics. Similar edema also was observed after glycerin administration. Both mannitol and glycerin may act osmotically to draw fluid from the endolymph into the stria. Temporary improvement in the hearing level and discrimination from the glycerin test in endolymphatic hydrops could be explained by this potential mechanism of endolymph volume reduction. PMID- 6781458 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the human cochlea--postmortem autolysis artefacts. AB - Changes in the ultrastructure of the cochlea due to postmortem autolysis make the assessment of the normal or damaged anatomy difficult. Three methods of preserving the human cochlea were compared on the basis of the state of preservation of the sensory cell hairs of the organ of Corti as seen in the scanning electron microscope. Perfusion of the perilymphatic space with a glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde fixative within 40 min of death gave preservation as good as that seen in animal studies. Injecting formalin into the middle ear within 40 min of death allowed artefacts to develop when compared with the control ear which had been perfused with fixative. Refrigeration and early removal of the temporal bone gave poor preservation of surface structures. PMID- 6781459 TI - Multiple myeloma presenting as recurrent obstructive uropathy. AB - A 51-year-old patient who presented with a four-day history of abdominal pain was found to have unilateral ureteral obstruction and an intracalyceal radiolucent filling defect on radiological studies. Further investigation of this was refused by the patient but then years later a repeat intravenous pyelogram showed persistence of the initial intracalyceal filling defect and ureteral obstruction in the contralateral kidney along with multiple intracalyceal radiolucent filling defects. Subsequent investigation led to a diagnosis of kappa light chain myeloma. The diagnosis of multiple myeloma should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained radiolucent filling defects. PMID- 6781460 TI - Cost and effectiveness of clinical investigation: the state of the art. AB - Clinical investigation by means of special technical tests has increased in clinical practice during recent years. Pressures causing this increase are said to include: rapid technological change making many more tests available, clinical uncertainty, peer pressure, greater patient awareness, and concern for diagnostic completeness. Cost factors do not appear to have influenced test-ordering behaviour to any large extent, and those ordering investigations are frequently ignorant of the cost of the test which they are ordering, both to the patient and the community. The relation of clinical investigational activity to quality of outcome of patient care remains largely unestablished. Studies of the possible modification of test-ordering behaviour through educational and institutional policy pressures are reviewed. A rational approach to investigating the effectiveness of techniques designed to encourage the more economic and effective use of investigations is presented in brief on the basis of this review of previously published work. PMID- 6781461 TI - The Henry Joseph Windsor lecture: surgery for the alcoholic-no easy decision. PMID- 6781462 TI - The thermal protection offered by lightweight survival systems. AB - The thermal protection offered by lightweight survival systems was evaluated in a mountain environment. When subjects were exposed for 3 h in bags manufactured from polythene, in metallised plastic sheeting, and in a casualty bag incorporating MPS, no significant differences in thermal benefit were found. The protection offered by each system was comparable and the practical experience gained in the field would suggest that the simple polythene bag was superior to the MPS bag when one considers strength, durability, multiplicity of roles, and cheapness. Addition of a fibre pile liner equivalent to 1.5 clo units during exposure in the MPS-lined casualty bag effectively eliminated cold stress and metabolic compensation. Without this liner, the thermal performance of the casualty bag was very similar to the other two lightweight systems. PMID- 6781463 TI - Maximal oxygen uptake: its measurement, application, and limitations. AB - Maximal aerobic power (VO2 max) was determined by direct measurement in 10 male subjects whilst exercising on a bicycle ergometer, and whilst running uphill on a treadmill at speeds of 10 and 12 km/h. There was no significant difference between VO2 max measured at the two treadmill speeds, but the VO2 max measured on the bicycle was 20% lower than on the treadmill. An estimate of the variance of the treadmill determined VO2 max was obtained from repeated measurements on five subjects. The 95% tolerance interval about a single measurement of VO2 max was +/ 7.8 ml.kg-1.min-11. It is recommended that when indirect methods for determining VO2 max are calibrated against the direct method, the latter should be based upon the treadmill. Reservations are expressed concerning the value of the direct method for determining VO2 max, and of the concept of VO2 max as a measure of physical fitness. PMID- 6781464 TI - A comparison of some indirect methods for predicting maximal oxygen uptake. AB - Nine male subjects took part in a comparative evaluation of four indirect tests commonly used for predicting maximum aerobic power (VO2 max). In three of these tests (involving cycling, stepping and walking) VO2 max was predicted from submaximal heart rates; in the fourth, VO2 max was predicted from the time taken to run 2 km. Additionally, VO2 max was predicted from the body fat content. All predicted values were compared with the VO2 max determined directly on a treadmill. The best estimates of VO2 max were provided by the timed run, and by the step test. Both heart rate measured during walking and body fat content proved totally inadequate for the reliable prediction of VO2 max. Taking into account such factors as cost, safety, and the time required for testing, it is concluded that the timed run is the submaximal test most suited to the indirect determination of VO2 max. PMID- 6781465 TI - Rare male advantages among Drosophila of the same laboratory strain. PMID- 6781466 TI - [Studies of survival of sporocysts as well as oocysts of Sarcocystis, Toxoplasma, Hammondia and Eimeria under laboratory and natural climatic conditions]. PMID- 6781467 TI - [Economic importance of sarcosporidiosis (Sarcocystis suicanis) in fattening swine. Evaluation of a field trial]. PMID- 6781468 TI - [Effect of ketamine hydrochloride-halothane-oxygen anesthesia on respiration, blood gases and acid-base status of the rabbit]. PMID- 6781470 TI - Polymorphism at the G6pd and 6Pgd loci in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Genetic factors modifying enzyme activity. AB - Different homozygous lines of similar genotype with respect to G6pd and 6Pgd were shown to have different enzyme activities for G6PD and 6PGD. Crosses between high and low lines suggested that there were modifying genes present on the autosomes, while others were probably located on the X chromosome. Allelic variation within each electrophoretic class of G6pd and 6Pgd might, however, also have contributed to this variation. An experiment on adaptation to sodium octanoate demonstrated that in adapted flies selection for lower enzyme activity had occurred, which provided further evidence for the existence of genetic differences in activity. Furthermore, a strong positive correlation between the activities of G6PD and 6PGD was found for each genotype. Since no correlation was found between MDH and the two enzymes G6PD and 6PGD, it could be concluded that this correlation was probably rather specific for G6PD and 6PGD. Interaction between genotypes with respect to activity was also found. It was shown that the variation at 6Pgd influenced the activity of G6PD within a genotype. The data are discussed in relation to fitness differences presented in foregoing articles. PMID- 6781469 TI - Electrophoretic patterns of aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) isozymes in vertebrate cells and histochemical procedure for detecting ACY-1 activity. AB - A histochemical procedure has been developed for staining aminoacylase-1 (ACY-1) isozymes after electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membranes. N-Formyl-L methionine and N-acetyl-L-methionine were excellent enzyme substrates in the staining reaction. The ACY-1 isozymes from tissue culture cells of several vertebrate species showed distinguishable electrophoretic patterns. The ACY-1 isozymes in extracts of mouse, human, owl monkey, and African green monkey kidney cells each had electrophoretic mobilities different from those of peptidases S, A, and C from the same cells. Exept for African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cells, the animal species expressed a single anodally migrating ACY-1 band. Human-mouse somatic cell hybrids containing the short arm of human chromosome 3 expressed three ACY-1 bands, as would be predicted from the dimeric structure of the enzyme. CV-1 cells expressed two (or three) ACY-1 bands, suggesting the possibility that CV-1 cells contained two alleles at a single locus or two genetic loci for ACY-1. PMID- 6781471 TI - Analysis of genetic variation affecting the relative activities of fast and slow ADH dimers in Drosophila melanogaster heterozygotes. AB - When AdhF/Adhs heterozygote homogenates are stained after electrophoresis, considerable variation is observed in the activity ration of the FF dimer to the SS dimer. Two AdhS strains showed a sharp, consistent difference when crossed to a common AdhF strain. Optical scanning and genetic analysis confirmed that this difference originates close to the Adh locus. Since the morphs varied concordantly in their activities on numerous alcohols, and since aging and heat treatment experiments failed to reveal a stability difference, it is proposed that the difference is regulatory in nature, affecting ADH synthesis and primarily cisacting. A survey of wild flies revealed additional variation in the FF/SS activity ratio. Further genetic analysis showed that the basis of this variation is not restricted to the second chromosome. Furthermore, modification of the activity ratio implies some degree of allelespecificity on the part of the modifiers. PMID- 6781472 TI - Developmental regulation of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Herein we demonstrate that Drosophila larvae possess a synthetic activity capable of converting phenylalanine to tyrosine. This system is readily extractable and displays many characteristics of phenylalanine hydroxylase systems described in other organisms, the most notable being that a tetrahydropteridine is required for full expression of activity. The level of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity present in the organism varies with the stage of development: from an undetected level of activity at the first larval instar, there is a rapid increase in phenylalanine hydroxylase activity which reaches a peak at the time of puparium formation, after which there is a rapid decrease again to an undetected level. PMID- 6781473 TI - Proteins of the Drosophila melanogaster male reproductive system: two-dimensional gel patterns of proteins synthesized in the XO, XY, and XYY testis and paragonial gland and evidence that the Y chromosome does not code for structural sperm proteins. AB - Testes and paragonial glands of Drosophila melanogaster wild-type males were labeled in vitro using (35S)methionine, and the proteins synthesized were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Testes and paragonial glands were also labeled in vivo by feeding male larvae 35S-labeled yeast and then dissecting the adult males. Approximately 1200 proteins were resolved by autoradiography of the gels. The in vitro method was shown to be more sensitive and to allow faithful synthesis of all proteins produced in vivo. [3H]Proline was also used to label testes, and no significant differences from the 35Spattern were noted. Testes and paragonial glands from XO and XYY males were labeled in vitro with [35S]methionine, and the proteins synthesized were compared to those produced by wild-type males of identical autosomal background. No differences attributable to the Y chromosome could be detected in the testes or paragonial gland samples. Pure sperm were dissected manually from in vivo labeled males and the proteins analyzed. Ninety-two proteins were detected, which were all synthesized in comparable amounts by XO, XY, and XYY males, showing that the Y chromosome does not code for any of these structural sperm proteins. It is postulated that no Y chromosome products were detected because they are organizational or regulatory proteins present only in very small amounts in the adult testes. 35S-labeled males were also mated to unlabeled females and the transferred proteins analyzed on two-dimensional PAGE. The contributions of the testis and paragonial gland to the ejaculate were determined. PMID- 6781474 TI - Enzymic determination of branched-chain amino acids and 2-oxoacids in rat tissues. Transfer of 2-oxoacids from skeletal muscle to liver in vivo. AB - 1. A procedure is described for the purification of leucine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.9) from Bacillus subtilis. 2. The preparation is suitable for the quantitative assay of branched-chain amino acids and their 2-oxoacid analogues. 3. The content of total branched-chain 2-oxoacids in freeze-clamped liver, kidney, heart or mammary gland of fed rats is less than 5 nmol/g fresh wt. Higher amounts are present in skeletal muscle and arterial blood (25 +/- 4 nmol per g fresh wt., and 33 +/- 6 nmol per ml respectively; means +/- S.D. of 3 and 11 animals respectively). The values are not significantly affected by starvation for 24 h. 4. Arteriovenous difference measurements show that considerable amounts of branched-chain 2-oxoacids are released by skeletal muscle into the circulation and similar amounts are removed by the liver (about 1 mmol/24 h in a 400 g rat). PMID- 6781475 TI - Partial purification and immunoreactivity of an 80 000-molecular-weight polypeptide associated with peroxisome proliferation in rat liver. AB - Hypolipidaemic drugs and industrial plasticizers such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, which cause proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, also cause an increase in an 80000-mol.wt. polypeptide in the liver of rats and mice. This polypeptide has been designated as PPA-80 (PPA, for peroxisome-proliferation associated; 80 for 80000mol.wt.). The polypeptide PPA-80 was purified to over 90% purity from livers of rats treated with the peroxisome proliferators Wy-14,643, nafenopin, tibric acid and clofibrate by a single-step preparative sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic procedure. The antibodies raised against the PPA-80 polypeptide isolated from livers of rats treated with Wy 14,643 cross-reacted with polypeptide PPA-80 purified from the livers of rats treated with Wy-14,643, as well as from the livers of rats treated with nafenopin, tibric acid and clofibrate. The anti-(polypeptide PPA-80) antibodies did not cross-react with catalase, a marker enzyme for peroxisomes, or with NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, which has the same approximate mol.wt., 80000. The intensity of immunoprecipitin bands formed with microsomal, large-particle and postnuclear fractions from livers of animals pretreated with peroxisome proliferators was significantly greater compared with equal amounts of protein from corresponding fractions obtained from control animals, suggesting that these agents all enhance the synthesis of the same 80000-mol.wt. polypeptide. Although the polypeptide PPA-80 was increased in the postnuclear, large-particle and microsomal fractions of livers of rats pretreated with peroxisome proliferators, the relative abundance of this peptide in the peroxisome-rich light-mitochondrial fraction and its lack in highly purified mitochondrial fractions suggest the localization of this polypeptide in peroxisomes and/or microsomal fraction. Additional studies are needed to establish unequivocally the subcellular localization of the polypeptide PPA-80 and to ascertain if this polypeptide is identical with the multi-functional protein displaying enoyl-CoA hydratase and beta-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities that was purified by Osumi & Hashimoto [(1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.89, 580-584]. PMID- 6781476 TI - The isolation and characterization of 60 nm vesicles ('nanovesicles') produced during ionophore A23187-induced budding of human erythrocytes. AB - In addition to the microvesicles released during the treatment of human erythrocytes with Ca2+ and ionophore A23187, a new subpopulation of still smaller dense vesicles ('nanovesicles') has now been identified. Nanovesicles are about 60 nm in diameter, have an acetylcholinesterase activity higher than that of microvesicles and appear to be relatively enriched in sphingomyelin and correspondingly depleted of phosphatidylethanolamine. They have a polypeptide composition quite different from those of erythrocyte membranes or microvesicles, consisting largely of components of mol.wts. 60 000 and 26 000 in addition to haemoglobin. These two major polypeptides do not appear to represent contaminating cytoplasmic proteins or proteolytic subfragments of a larger protein. PMID- 6781477 TI - Primary amines induce selective release of lysosomal enzymes from mouse macrophages. AB - Cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages were found to release substantial amounts of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase and beta-glactosidase activites when exposed to millimolar concentrations of various primary aliphatic monoamines. With methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine and butylamine, lysosomal enzyme release was selective, but further increases in the aliphatic chain length resulted in the compounds becoming lytic. By contrast, structurally related primary aliphatic diamines proved to be inactive at inducing both selective and lytic lysosomal enzyme discharge. PMID- 6781478 TI - The influence of fluoride administration on the structure of proteoglycans in the developing rat incisor. AB - 1. 35S-labelled chondroitin 4-sulphate proteoglycan was isolated from the mineralized elements of the developing incisor teeth of Harvard rats receiving intraperitoneal administration of Na235SO4. 2. The chondroitin 4-sulphate proteoglycan underwent a decrease in molecular size in fluorotic teeth as judged by gel filtration on Sepharose 2B. 3. When examined by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose-52, the proteoglycan from fluorotic teeth resolved into four peaks in comparison with the material from non-fluorotic teeth, which exhibited only a single major peak. 4. Both the single peak from non fluoridated teeth and the four peaks from the fluorotic teeth were further resolved on cellulose acetate electrophoresis. 5. Isolated chondroitin 4-sulphate chains obtained from fluorotic teeth also were of smaller molecular size as judged by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150. 6. Some possible influences of fluoride on the metabolism of these connective-tissue components in the developing rat incisor are discussed. PMID- 6781479 TI - Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulphate by a Golgi-apparatus-enriched preparation from cultures of mouse mastocytoma cells. AB - Mouse mastocytoma cells grown in suspension culture produce chondroitin 4 sulphate. A Golgi-apparatus-enriched fraction from these cells was prepared and examined for chondroitin-synthesizing activity. When Golgi-apparatus-enriched fractions were incubated with UDP-[14C]glucuronic acid and UDP-N acetylgalactosamine, they demonstrated a greater than 13-fold increase in chondroitin-synthesizing activity over cell homogenates. Similar incubations with the addition of a pentasaccharide from chondroitin sulphate resulted in a greater than 40-fold increase in [14C]glucuronic acid-incorporating activity over cell homogenates. Other membrane fractions had much less activity, suggesting that the Golgi apparatus is the most active location for chondroitin biosynthesis. Products of the incubations indicated the formation of [14C]chondroitin glycosaminoglycan on endogenous primers and formation of [14C]-hexasaccharide and somewhat larger [14C]oligosaccharides on exogenous pentasaccharide acceptors. There was, however, a significant amount of large [14C]-chondroitin glycosaminoglycan formed on pentasaccharide, indicating that some pentasaccharide did serve as a true primer for polysaccharide synthesis. PMID- 6781480 TI - The role of Ca2+ in the protoveratrine-induced release of gamma-aminobutyrate from rat brain slices. AB - 1. Protoveratrine A increased the release of gamma-amino[3H]butyrate from small slices of rat cerebral cortex. This effect increased with increasing protoveratrine concentration, reaching a maximum at 100 microM. 2. Removal of Ca2+ from the superfusing medium did not change the increase in release due to 10 microM-protoveratrine; however, the Ca2+ antagonists, compound D-600, La3+, Mn2+, Mg2+ and also high Ca2+ concentration inhibited the effect of the alkaloid, as did procaine. 3. Protoveratrine A increased the uptake of 22Na+ into the slices with a similar dose-response curve to that found for gamma-aminobutyrate release. For the most part, the substances that inhibited protoveratrine-stimulated gamma aminobutyrate release also inhibited 22Na+ uptake, although the correlation was not perfect. 4. Although extracellular Ca2+ is not required for protoveratrine induced gamma-aminobutyrate release, an increase in Na+ influx that is susceptible to inhibition by some Ca2+ antagonists does appear to be associated with this phenomenon. However, the possibility remains that changes in the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration may be important for transmitter release induced by depolarizing veratrum alkaloids. PMID- 6781481 TI - Liver enzymes of serine metabolism during neonatal development of the rat. AB - The developmental patterns of L-serine hydroxymethyltransferase, L-phosphoserine aminotransferase, L-serine aminotransferase and L-serine dehydratase were determined in rat liver. The results point to an increased capacity for serine biosynthesis de novo in the perinatal period. It is suggested that serine at this time, and also at weaning, may serve as a precursor, via the serine hydroxymethyltransferase reaction, for nucleotide biosynthesis to support the rapid phases of liver growth. The role of the alternative pathways of serine metabolism during neonatal development is discussed. PMID- 6781482 TI - Lipogenesis in interscapular brown adipose tissue of virgin, pregnant and lactating rats. The effects of intragastric feeding. AB - Lipogenesis in brown adipose tissue of virgin rats increased 8--10-fold after intragastric feeding with glucose or medium-chain triacylglycerol, and this increase was prevented by short-term insulin deficiency. Brown adipose tissue increased in weight during pregnancy, regressed during lactation and hypertrophied again on weaning; the rate of lipogenesis paralleled these changes. Glucose did not increase brown-adipose-tissue lipogenesis at mid-lactation. PMID- 6781483 TI - The effects of calcium ions, ionophore A23187 and inhibition of energy metabolism on protein degradation in the rat diaphragm and epitrochlearis muscles in vitro. AB - 1. The effects of external Ca2+, EGTA, ionophore A23187, CN-, dinitrophenol and iodoacetamide on the rate of protein degradation in the rat diaphragm and epitrochlearis muscles in vitro were investigated. 2. External Ca2+ increased protein degradation when compared with external EGTA. Protein degradation was further increased by Ca2+ + ionophore A23187. 3. EGTA and ionophore A23187 decreased ATP and phosphocreatine concentrations and the ATP/ADP ratio. 4. CN-, dinitrophenol and iodoacetamide decreased protein degradation, presumably by interfering with energy metabolism. 5. The effects of EGTA may be caused by disturbances in energy metabolism. The effects of ionophore A23187 cannot be readily explained by disturbances in energy metabolism. 6. Incubation of diaphragms with Ca2+ causes a rapid increase in whole-tissue Ca content. This is further stimulated by ionophore A23187. The uptake of Ca2+ may be, at least in part, into the cytoplasm because an increase in the glycogen phosphorylase activity ratio is observed. 7. A Ca2+-activated proteinase is present in rat heart and diaphragm. This enzyme may mediate in part the effects of Ca2+ described above. The apparent KA of this enzyme for Ca2+ is about 0.25 mM. 8. Because effects of ionophore A23187 cause a large increase in whole-tissue Ca content and because the Ca2+-activated proteinase has a relatively low affinity for Ca2+, it is felt that the effects of Ca2+ upon muscle proteolysis are unlikely to be of importance in steady-state protein turnover in vivo. The mechanism may, however, be important in breakdown of necrotic tissue in the living animal. PMID- 6781484 TI - Diurnal response in endogenous amino acid oxidation of meal-fed rats. AB - A model has been developed to measure the effects of dietary protein on daily fluctuations in the rate of endogenous amino acid oxidation in meal-fed and starved rats. In addition, N tau-methylhistidine and hydroxyproline were utilized to determine changes in the rate of degradation of myofibrillar and collagen proteins. In rats meal-fed a normal diet of 18% (w/w) casein, a diurnal response was observed in rate of oxidation of radioactive amino acids contained in endogenous labelled body protein, with a nadir 16--20 h and maximum 4--8 h after beginning the feeding. This observation in part may be related to alterations in flux of amino acids from non-hepatic tissues to site of oxidation in liver, as well as alterations in rates of amino acid oxidation after a protein meal. When meal-fed a 70% protein diet, the maximal rates of endogenous amino acid oxidation were significantly increased by 4--8 h after meal-feeding, with no change in fractional rates of degradation of myofibrillar- or collagen-protein breakdown. This could suggest increases in activities of enzymes involved in amino acid oxidation, in rats meal-fed 70% compared with 18% dietary protein. In contrast, meal-feeding of a protein-free diet muted the diurnal response in the rate of oxidation of endogenously labelled amino acids, which correlated with a decrease in the fractional rate of degradation of myofibrillar or collagen protein. Thus dietary protein is apparently responsible for the observed diurnal rhythm rhythms in the rate of amino acid oxidation, whereas carbohydrates tend to mute the response. PMID- 6781485 TI - Regulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase by polyamines in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells grown in culture. AB - 1. The mechanism of stimulation of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.50) activity by inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), namely dl-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, 1,3-diaminopropane and 1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol, was studied in Ehrlich ascites-tumour cells grown in suspension cultures. 2. Difluoromethylornithine and diaminopropane, although decreasing the content of putrescine and spermidine, markedly stimulated adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity after exposure of the cells to the drugs for 8h, whereas the effect of diaminopropanol only became apparent many hours later. In tumour cells exposed to any of the inhibitors, a close negative correlation existed between the activity of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and the intracellular concentration of spermidine and/or spermidine plus spermine, suggesting that a depletion of higher polyamines triggered enhancement of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity. 3. The mechanism of difluoromethylornithine- and diaminopropane-induced stimulation of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase involved (a) a marked increase in the apparent half-life of the enzyme and (b) an induction of enhanced enzyme synthesis. Diaminopropanol seemed to act solely via an induction mechanism. 4. The increased adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity elicited by difluoromethylornithine could be restored to control values by micromolar concentrations of exogenous spermidine and spermine in 4h and by putrescine in 22h. In addition to the natural polyamines, elevated adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity could be repressed by 3,3'-iminodipropylamine, a close analogue of spermidine, but not by non-physiological diamines. 5. Addition of spermidine and actinomycin D to cultures treated with difluoromethylornithine produced a comparable decay of enhanced adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity (with an apparent half-life of about 2.5h), whereas the effect of cycloheximide was much more rapid. The present results suggest that polyamines may regulate adenosylmethionine decarboxylase at the transcriptional level of gene expression. PMID- 6781486 TI - Production of a variant of beta-lactamase II with selectively decreased cephalosporinase activity by a mutant of Bacillus cereus 569/H/9. AB - 1. Mutants of Bacillus cereus 569/H/9 have been screened in a search for strains that synthesize variants of beta-lactamase II. 2. One of these mutants (strain 569/H/9/1) produces a beta-lactamase II-like enzyme that shows a selective decrease in cephalosporinase activity. 3. beta-Lactamase II from strain 569/H/9/1 has been purified to apparent homogeneity and its kinetic properties have been examined. This enzyme resembles the parent beta-lactamase II in its relative activity with benzylpenicillin as substrate when Zn(II) is replaced by other metal ions, but differs detectably from the parent enzyme in its isoelectric point. PMID- 6781487 TI - Immunochemical comparison of UDP-glucuronyltransferase from Gunn- and Wistar-rat livers. AB - 1. Antiserum was raised against purified Wistar-rat liver UDP glucuronyltransferase. 2. UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities towards 4 nitrophenol, bilirubin, 1-naphthol and morphine were co-immunoprecipitated from solubilized Wistar-rat liver preparations. 3. UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities towards 1-naphthol, 2-aminophenol and 4-nitrophenol were precipitated from solubilized Gunn-rat liver preparations by this antiserum. 4. UDP glucuronyltransferase activities towards 1-naphthol, 4-nitrophenol and bilirubin, from Wistar-rat liver, were slightly inhibited by antiserum, whereas 1-naphthol UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity from Gunn-rat livers was greatly inhibited. 5. Measurable Wistar-rat liver glucuronyltransferase activities in washed immunoprecipitates indicate that the enzyme(s) were not merely inhibited by antiserum. 6. Immunoglobulin G purified from this antiserum immunoprecipitated transferase activities towards 4-nitrophenol, bilirubin and 1-naphthol. 7. The washed immunoprecipitates from both rat strains, containing UDP glucuronyltransferase activity, appear to be similar when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 8. Radial-immunodiffusion studies suggest that a smaller amount of UDP-glucuronyltransferase protein is present in Gunn-rat liver than in Wistar-rat liver. 9. The significance of these results in relation to the genetic deficiency in the Gunn rat is discussed. PMID- 6781488 TI - The action of pepsin on porcine immunoglobulin M and its effect on biological activity. AB - Treatment of porcine immunoglobulin M (IgM) with pepsin at pH 4.6 and 37 degrees C was found to gradually remove Fab arms and Cmicro2 domains over a period of 18h. Structural studies failed to find any other change. The main products can therefore be regarded as IgM-like molecules with limited numbers of Fab arms and Cmicro2 domains. Results indicated that this removal of Fab arms is probably a random process. As the average number of Fab arms per molecule was decreased the ability to agglutinate Salmonella oranienburg (mt-H) gradually diminished. Complement fixation by the complexes however, decreased rapidly, and became negligible when the average number of Fab arms was four. This was confirmed by using a preparation containing mainly molecules with three or four Fab arms. The overall results showed that molecules with three or four Fab arms can agglutinate Salmonella but that these complexes do not fix complement. Molecules with five arms probably behave like those with four. Complexes formed by molecules with six arms fix complement quite efficiently. Possible explanations for these results are discussed. PMID- 6781490 TI - Proteinase activity in chondroitin lyase (chondroitinase) and endo-beta-D galactosidase (keratanase) preparations and a method to abolish their proteolytic effect on proteoglycan. AB - Significant amounts of proteinase activity have been found in chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.4), chondroitin AC II lyase and endo-beta-D-galactosidase (keratanase) from commercial sources. It would appear, therefore, that certain earlier biochemical and histochemical studies, which employed these commercial enzyme preparations for their presumed ability to degrade only glycosaminoglycans, may require re-evaluation. A mixture of EDTA, N ethylmaleimide, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and pepstatin abolishes the effect of the contaminating proteinases on proteoglycan with less significant effect on the chondroitin lyase or keratanase activity. PMID- 6781491 TI - Ready separation of proteins from nucleoprotein complexes by reversible modification of lysine residues. AB - Modification of proteins with citraconic anhydride altered the electrostatic relationship between cationic epsilon-NH3+ groups of lysine residues of proteins and anionic phosphate groups of nucleic acids, thereby destabilizing the nucleoprotein complex. This procedure facilitated the separation of proteins from nucleic acids at pH4-4.2. The modifying groups were then deacylated from the proteins under acidic conditions (pH3-6) at 30 degrees C. PMID- 6781489 TI - Structural analysis of chick-embryo cartilage proteoglycan by selective degradation with chondroitin lyases (chondroitinases) and endo-beta-D galactosidase (keratanase). AB - Digestion of chick-embryo cartilage proteoglycan (type H) with chondroitin AC II lyase or keratanase, in the presence of EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride and pepstatin, resulted in the removal of the bulk of the chondroitin sulphate or keratan sulphate chains respectively, without altering the protein portion of the macromolecule. An exhaustive treatment of the proteoglycan with chondroitin AC II lyase followed by digestion with keratanase yielded a core fraction having the enzymically modified linkage oligosaccharides. Zonal sedimentation of this core preparation on a sucrose gradient in 0.5% SDS resulted in a single narrow band with a sedimentation coefficient of 6S. In 4 M guanidinium chloride, the core preparation showed a tendency to aggregate to multiple-molecular-weight forms which could dissociate in the presence of Triton X-100. The results indicate that the preponderance of glycosaminoglycans in the proteoglycan molecule is a main reason for both polydispersity and hydrophilicity of the proteoglycan preparation, and further suggest that the enzymic procedures could prove useful as a method to obtain new information about the structure and properties of proteoglycan core molecules. PMID- 6781492 TI - Purification and properties of the cellulases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. AB - Three cellulases and a beta-glucosidase were purified from the culture filtrate of the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. The isolated enzymes were all homogeneous on polyacrylamide-disc-gel electrophoresis. Data from chromatography on Bio-Gel P-60 and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated mol.wts. of 87000 (beta-glucosidase), 78000 (cellulase I), 49000 (cellulase II) and 34000 (cellulase III); the carbohydrate contents of the enzymes were 33.0, 5.5, 2.6 and 1.8% (w/w) respectively. Although the three purified cellulases were active towards filter paper, only cellulases I and III were active towards CM(carboxymethyl)-cellulose. Cellulase I was also active towards yeast glucan. The Km and catalytic-centre-activity values for the enzymes were as follows; 0.52 mumol/ml and 6.5 X 10(4) for beta-glucosidase on p nitrophenyl beta-D-glucoside, 3.9 mg/ml and 6.3 for cellulase I on CM-cellulose, 1.2 mg/ml and 1.1 for cellulase I on yeast glucan, 35.5 mg/ml and 0.34 for cellulase II on filter paper, and 1.9 mg/ml and 33 for cellulase III on CM cellulose. PMID- 6781493 TI - Essential tyrosyl residues in Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6781494 TI - Gonadotropin stimulation of testosterone production in primary culture of adult rat testis cells. PMID- 6781495 TI - Nucleotide activation of glycogen phosphorylase b occurs only when the nucleotide phosphate is in a dianionic form. PMID- 6781496 TI - 7-Ethoxycoumarin dealkylase and cytochrome P-450 from grey partridge (Perdix perdix) hepatic and duodenal microsomes. PMID- 6781497 TI - Two-dimensional peptide mapping of fibronectins from bovine aortic endothelial cells and bovine plasma. PMID- 6781498 TI - Cytochrome b5 as electron donor to rabbit liver cytochrome P-450LM2 in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 6781499 TI - Isolation of a new calmodulin-binding protein from rat brain. PMID- 6781500 TI - Bacterial dextranase immobilised on zirconia coated alkylamine glass using glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6781501 TI - An in vitro characterization of interstrand cross-links in DNA exposed to the antitumor drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II). PMID- 6781502 TI - Hydroxylation of 9-hydroxystearate by a soluble cytochrome P-450 dependent fatty acid hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 6781503 TI - Reactive oxygen production associated with arachidonic acid metabolism by peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6781504 TI - Water and total CO2 reabsorption along the rat proximal convoluted tubule. PMID- 6781505 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes action on viral T8 epithelioma growth]. AB - Effects of Listeria monocytogenes on normal and tumor-bearing rats were evaluated. Inhibition of T8 tumor and its metastases in tumor-bearing rats treated with L. monocytogenes was observed. Macrophage phagocyte functions, depressed in tumor bearing rats, was restored by L., monocytogenes. In particular, a dissociation between different macrophages functions in tumor bearing rats was observed. PMID- 6781506 TI - [EEG and the action of TRH: comparison with amitriptyline]. AB - A comparative evaluation of the EEG provocative action of TRH and amitriptyline was performed on 15 epileptic patients. TRH slightly increased the EEG abnormalities of 6 patients without giving important side effects. Amitriptyline was effective on 11 patients, but in two instances, gave rise to an epileptic fit. PMID- 6781507 TI - [Distribution of proteoglycans in the sclera]. AB - The Authors have studied, with histochemical methods, the manner of proteoglycans distribution in superficial and deep layers of the sclera, which are characterized by structural differences regarding collagen. The pictures, on one hand, are in agreement with biochemical data which indicate the presence of dermatan-sulfate, chondroitin-sulfate and hyaluronic acid, on the other hand, show a marked glycosaminoglycans distribution in the deep layers and a lessening of their distribution relative to the superficiality of the layers. Furthermore alcianophilic particles are visualized at the electron microscope. In the superficial layers such particles are in direct relation, often periodically, with the collagen fibrils, while in the deep layers particles without this direct relationship are also observable. The Authors point out a topographic coincidence between variations regarding the proteoglycans distribution and variations regarding collagen. Moreover, the obtained pictures suggest the existence of a particular proteoglycans-collagen interaction corresponding to the deep layers where fibrillogenesis occurs. PMID- 6781508 TI - [CT-findings in von Recklinghausen disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781510 TI - [Effects of bilateral mammillary bodies destruction on lever pressing for food reward in the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - Effects for continuous reinforcement (CRF) learning and differential reinforcement of low rate (DRL) learning for food in the rabbit by bilateral mammillary bodies destruction were examined with the Skinner box. There was no marked changes in general behavior, except a tendency to freezing by a sign of somebody and sounds. In CRF learning a delay in the start of bar pressing was thought to be due to a decrease in exploratory behavior and a decrease of the number of bar pressing may be due either to a delay of adaptation to a new environment, or to an impediment of learning by the decrease in rewarding effects. The acquisition of DRL learning was affected, but the retention of that was not. DRL learning has been generally remarked to be chiefly consisted of motivation and temporal discrimination. In our study, however, there was no remarkable changes in motivation itself and temporal discrimination was not affected at all. It was concluded that the impediment of acquisition depended upon a general decrease in cerebral rewarding effects. PMID- 6781509 TI - [Selective venous sampling of pituitary hormones under provocative tests after retrograde cavernous sinus sinography (author's transl)]. AB - In 22 subjects, selective venous sampling from the inferior petrosal sinus was performed under provocative tests along with simultaneous sampling of pituitary blood from the antecubital vein, after retrograde cavernous sinography. The difference of hormonal levels between sinus blood (Bs) and peripheral blood (Bv) was measured by two antibody radioimmunoassay. Most extreme difference of hormonal levels was observed in acromegalic subjects, where Bs/Bv ratio of GH was 6.0 in the basal value and 4.9 in the peak value, and that of PRL 3.5 and 4.6, respectively. In subjects who reacted to provocative tests, the average ratio of Bs/Bv ranged from 6.9 to 1.1 in the order of GH, PRL, LH, TSH and FSH. Non reactive subjects showed no significant difference in the hormonal levels between Bs and Bv. From the results obtained above, we assume a possible relationship between Bs/Bv ratio and metabolic clearance rate and between difference of Bs-Bv and basal production. The integral of Bs-Bv difference measured from time zero to the time returned to the basal value under provocative tests represents the sum of basal production and pituitary reserve according to compartment analysis. PMID- 6781511 TI - Principles of enteral and parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6781513 TI - Effects of nifedipine on myocardial perfusion and ischemic injury in dogs. PMID- 6781512 TI - The effect of prostacyclin on pituitary hormone release. PMID- 6781514 TI - The cardiac electrophysiological effects of nifedipine. PMID- 6781515 TI - Effects of adalat (nifedipine) on left ventricular hemodynamics in angina pectoris: comparative study with propranolol. PMID- 6781516 TI - The clinical effect of 4-(2'-nitrophenyl)2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dicarbomethoxy-1,4 dihydropyridine (BAY a 1040) on angina pectoris evaluated by sequential analysis. PMID- 6781517 TI - Effect of nifedipine on exercise tolerance in patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 6781518 TI - A double-blind controlled trial of the anti-anginal efficacy of nifedipine compared with propranolol. PMID- 6781519 TI - Comparative effects of nifedipine, verapamil, isosorbide dinitrate and propranolol on exercise-induced angina pectoris. PMID- 6781520 TI - Therapeutic effects of pindolol and nifedipine in patients with stable angina pectoris and asymptomatic resting ischemia. PMID- 6781521 TI - Prinzmetal's variant form of angina pectoris re-evaluation of mechanisms. PMID- 6781522 TI - Suppression of repeatedly occurring ventricular fibrillation with nifedipine in variant form of angina pectoris. PMID- 6781523 TI - Exertional angina pectoris caused by coronary arterial spasm: effects of various drugs. PMID- 6781524 TI - Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with solid tumours. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured in 34 patients with various types of solid tumours. The mean ADA activity was found to be significantly lower than in controls (P less than 0.005). Patients with nonresectable tumour or with recurrence after radical surgery showed low ADA levels, while patients operated upon and without recurrence had enzymatic activity not different from that of normal controls. The mean value of PNP activity was similar to that of normal controls; no differences were observed between operated patients without recurrence and cases with nonresectable tumour or with recurrence after surgical treatment. No effects on ADA and PNP levels appeared to be induced by chemotherapy. PMID- 6781525 TI - Platelet adherence to collagen: role of plasma, ADP, and divalent cations. AB - The effect of varying methods of platelet preparation and the role of ADP and divalent cations in supporting platelet adherence to collagen and the release of 14C-serotonin were assessed by affinity chromatography on collagen/Sepharose to define physiological conditions for this interaction. Platelets were separated by centrifugation or gel filtration from blood anticoagulated with EDTA or citrate and suspended in native plasma or buffer. After labelling with 51Cr or 14C serotonin, they were passed though columns of collagen covalently linked to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. Adherence to collagen was less in plasma as compared to buffer, was increased by centrifuging the platelets before testing, and was unaltered by addition of ADP. Removal of ADP with CP/CPK decreased the adherence of gel-filtered citrated and EDTA platelets and washed EDTA platelets (P less than 0.001) but not EDTA platelets in plasma. Adherence and release of citrated platelets in plasma or buffer containing CP/CPK were greater than that of EDTA platelets (P less than 0.01); no difference existed with gel-filtered platelets. The addition of 1 mM Mg++ to citrate or EDTA-anticoagulated washed platelets increased adherence and release (P less than 0.01). The results indicate that the choice of experimental conditions affect the assessment of factors which influence or promote platelet interaction with collagen. Platelet collagen adherence is enhanced by laboratory manipulations and partially inhibited by normal plasma. Maximal adherence and release occur when divalent cations, particularly Mg++, and ADP are available. Their absence reduces but does not inhibit these reactions. PMID- 6781526 TI - Immunoradiometric assay of factor VIII: coagulant antigen using four human antibodies. Study of 27 cases of haemophilia A. AB - Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) of VIII:C antigen was performed using either IgG or monovalent Fab fragments from four antibodies arisen in polytransfused haemophilia A patients (titre between 100 and 1500 U/ml). Using IgG isolated by a solid or a liquid phase system, only the high titre (greater than or equal to 1000 U/ml) antibodies could be used for IRMA, with a sensitivity of 0.2% VIII:CAg. Using Fab fragments isolated by liquid phase, high and low (less than or equal to 150 U/ml) titre antibodies could be used and the IRMA was significantly improved with a 10-fold higher sensitivity. The affinity of the antibodies for VIII:CAg, studied by displacement curves using a modification of the IRMA, was found not to depend upon the titre of the antibody. Comparative levels of VIII:C and VIII:CAg in 27 cases of haemophilia A emphasize the heterogeneity of this disorder, two types of severe and three types of mild haemophilia being observed. PMID- 6781527 TI - Response of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to DDAVP in healthy subjects and patients with haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease. AB - These studies were designed with the purpose of providing clinico-pharmacological information relevant to the use of DDAVP in the management of mild haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease (VWD). In healthy subjects, intravenous DDAVP produced its maximal response at a dose of 0.3 micrograms/kg. The extent of the increase in factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) induced by this dose was not significantly different from that observed with the same dose in haemophiliacs and VWD patients. In these, the bleeding time was not shortened. DDAVP given intranasally was followed by a two fold increase of VIII:C. This route of administration might be adopted to provide an emergency aid in bleeding patients and to yield higher VIII:C levels in blood donors. In healthy subjects, the half-disappearance time of autologous VIII:C after increase induced by i.v. DDAVP is similar to that observed in patients with VWD treated in the same conditions, whereas the response appears to be more prolonged in haemophiliacs. This study shows that the consistency of the VIII:C response tends to decrease when repeated doses are given to healthy subjects. Repeatedly-treated haemophiliacs and VWD patients showed varied patterns, ranging from no change of the response to its early abolishment. PMID- 6781528 TI - A radial immunodiffusion method for the assay of factor VIII:C Antigen (VIII:C Ag) in plasma. AB - A method has been developed for the immunological quantitation of factor VIII:C Ag using a medium titre (50 new Oxford units) factor VIII:C antibody arising in a severe multitransfused haemophiliac. The method, which utilizes clotting inhibition in an agarose gel medium, gave close and significant correlation with the two-stage factor VIII:C procoagulant assay (r=0.83, P less than 0.01) for 54 normal subjects. Similar or higher values were found in 19 mild, moderate and severe haemophiliacs with 2-30% average normal plasma levels of factor VIII:C (r=0.72, P less than 0.01). Four mild von Willebrand patients gave similar results by immunoassay and procoagulant assay methods. A previously identified patient with cross reacting material (CRM+) gave an immunoassay within the normal range (66%) with only 4% VIII:C activity detectable. The method offers a simple, sensitive and apparently reliable procedure for the assay of plasma factor VIII:C Ag which may prove useful in the further investigation of factor VIII:C Ag and antibody heterogeneity. The procedure offers an alternative to immunoradiometric assay and may be of potential use in the assessment of the haemophilia carrier state and possibly the early detection of thrombosis. PMID- 6781529 TI - Occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in electrical workers. I. Environmental and blood polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations. AB - Industrial exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and internal dose were investigated in 80 worker exposed for many years to PCB mixtures with a 42% chlorine content (Pyralene 3010 and Apirolio). PCBs were determined by liquid gas chromatography on samples taken from workroom air, workroom surfaces and tools, the palms of the hand, and the blood of the workers. In the workroom air samples, PCB concentrations ranged from 48 to 275 micrograms/m3. All tested surfaces and tools were heavily contaminated, with a range from 0.2 to 159 micrograms PCBs per cm2 of surface. Considerable amounts of PCBs were detected on the palms of the hands of the workers (2-28 microgram/cm2 of skin surface). In blood, total PCB concentrations from 88 to 1319 micrograms/kg were observed: comparing the blood concentrations of low and high chlorine content biphenyls, a significant difference was found for the low-chlorinated biphenyl concentrations between workers currently exposed and workers exposed only in the past. In groups of workers who were homogeneous as regards work area and job, the PCB concentrations in the blood were closely correlated with the length of actual occupational exposure to these compounds. These findings led to the conclusion that absorption of PCBs in these workers had occurred mainly through the skin, therefore industrial preventive surveillance must take this route of exposure into account. Since blood PCB concentrations appear to be correlated with the length of exposure, PCB determination on whole blood may be used to monitor industrial and environmental exposure to PCBs. PMID- 6781530 TI - Factor VIII complex in normal pregnancy, pre-eclampsia and fetal growth retardation. AB - The levels of the three components of factor VIII complex (VIII R:AG, VIII R:WF, VIII:C) were measured during normal late pregnancy, in pre-eclampsia and in pregnancies complicated by fetal growth retardation. In late normal pregnancy, there was a steady increase in factor VIII complex and the highest level was reached at delivery; in primary fetal growth retardation, the values were similar. In pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia, with or without fetal growth retardation, there was a significant increase of VIII R:AG VIII R:WF; the more severe the course of the disease, the greater the increase. The level of VIII R:AG-VIII R:WF appears to be an indicator of vascular pathology and it is suggested that this assessment may be of value in monitoring high risk pregnancies. PMID- 6781531 TI - Substrate specificity of the collagenolytic serine protease from Uca pugilator: studies with noncollagenous substrates. AB - The collagenolytic serine protease (crab protease) isolated from the hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, has been investigated with respect to its peptide bond specificity and catalytic properties by using noncollagenous substrates. In contrast to vertebrate collagenases, crab protease is a good general protease capable of degrading a variety of polypeptide and synthetic low molecular weight substrates. Crab protease displays a broad range of specificity, cleaving on the carboxyl-terminal side of residues with both positively and negatively charged side chains as well as hydrophobic side chains. The enzyme appears to favor tyrosyl, phenylalanyl, leucyl, and perhaps lysyl residues and, to a lesser extent, arginyl and glutamyl residues. The rate of cleavage of polypeptide substrates is similar to chymotrypsin but is significantly less than trypsin or chymotrypsin for low molecular weight esterase and amidase substrates. Crab protease is effectively inhibited by chymostatin but not by leupeptin or elastatinal. Several common chloromethyl ketone derivatives of phenylalanine and lysine are also ineffective, although crab protease efficiently cleaves at these residues in polypeptide substrates. PMID- 6781532 TI - Heat shock induced alterations in polyadenylate metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have studied the effect of heat shock on poly(adenylic acid) [poly(A)] metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster cells by using hybridization of ribonucleic acid (RNA) samples to [3H]poly(uridylic acid). Shortly after heat shock begins, cytoplasmic poly(A) decays rapidly. Two components were detected. Component I constitutes 46% of the total cytoplasmic poly(A) and decays with a half-life of 10 min. Component II (54% of total) is more stable. A half-life was not estimated for component II because new synthesis was not blocked. Studies on the size of cytoplasmic poly(A) indicate component I is completely degraded while component II remains essentially unchanged. Nuclear poly(A) increases rapidly, peaking at 2 or 3 times the normal level after 90 min of heat shock. Studies on the size of nuclear poly(A) indicate the increase is not due to addition of poly(A) to existing poly(A) segments nor appreciably to newly synthesized RNA unless transit time is markedly increased. We conclude that nuclear poly(A) is added in large part to already existing nonadenylated primers. Studies with RNA and protein synthesis inhibitors show RNA and protein synthesis are not required for the changes in poly(A). As the temperature is raised above 34--35 degrees C, the effect on poly(A) metabolism becomes more severe. Changes in external pH, without increased temperature, also alter poly(A) levels. Poly(A) changes may therefore be a rapid response to a variety of physiological factors. PMID- 6781533 TI - Purification and characterization of staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type B. AB - Staphylococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (PE) type B was purified and characterized biochemically and biologically. The exotoxin was purified from cell-free culture supernatant fluids by using differential precipitation with ethanol and resolubilization in pyrogen-free distilled water followed by preparative thin layer isoelectric focusing. A final purification of 153-fold was achieved on the basis of the capacity of the exotoxin to produce fever. The toxin migrated as a homogeneous protein with a molecular weight of approximately 18 000 when tested with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hyperimmune antisera raised against the purified exotoxin reacted with partially purified toxin in an immuno-diffusion assay to form a single precipitin line. The isoelectric point of the PE was estimated to be 8.5. Alanine was identified as the N-terminal amino acid. The exotoxin contained significant amounts of lysine but few aromatic amino acids. The PE was pyrogenic and enhanced host susceptibility to lethal shock and myocardial damage by endotoxin. In addition, the exotoxin was a potent nonspecific lymphocyte mitogen and suppressed immunoglobulin M synthesis against sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6781534 TI - Effects of limited denaturation by heat on the dynamic conformation of equine immunoglobulin M antibody and on interaction with antigen and complement. PMID- 6781535 TI - Purification and biochemical study of viriditoxin, tissue damaging toxin, from prairie rattlesnake venom. AB - Rattlesnake poisoning frequently produces a severe tissue damaging effect including myonecrosis and hemorrhage. In this investigation, viriditoxin was isolated from the venom of the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis), and its chemical properties and biological activities associated with tissue damage were investigated. The toxin has a molecular weight of approximately 115 000 with an isoelectric point of 4.8. Amino acid composition analyses indicate that the toxin consists of approximately 1018 residues with high content of acidic amino acid residues. Circular dichroism was used to examine the conformation of viriditoxin. Although there is some indication of a high beta sheet content, it is not possible to identify the exact conformation due to the anomalous CD spectra. Viriditoxin has both myotoxic and hemorrhagic activities. High serum creatine kinase activity of mice injected with the toxin substantiates the destructive action of viriditoxin on muscle. Viriditoxin has an LD50 value of approximately 5.0 microgram/g in mice indicating the protein is also moderately lethal in addition to its tissue damaging effect. PMID- 6781536 TI - Integrating functions of biomembranes. Problems of lateral transport of energy, metabolites and electrons. PMID- 6781537 TI - Evidence for a close spatial location of the binding sites for CO2 and for photosystem II inhibitors. AB - 1. CO2-depletion of thylakoid membranes results in a decrease of binding affinity of the Photosystem II (PS II) inhibitor atrazine. The inhibitory efficiency of atrazine, expressed as I50-concentration (50% inhibition) of 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol reduction, is the same in CO2-depleted as well as in control thylakoids. This shows that CO2-depletion results in a complete inactivation of a part of the total number of electron transport chains. 2. A major site of action of CO2, which had previously been located between the two electron acceptor quinone molecule B (or R) and Photosystem II inhibitor atrazine as suggested by the following observations: (a) CO2-depletion results in a shift of the binding constant (kappa b) of [14C]atrazine to thylakoid membranes indicating a decreased affinity of atrazine to membrane; (b) trypsin treatment, which is known to modify the Photosystem II complex at the level of B, strongly diminishes CO2 stimulation of electron transport reactions in CO2-depleted membranes; and (c) thylakoids from atrazine-resistant plants, which contain a Photosystem II complex modified at the inhibitor binding site, show an altered CO2-stimulation of electron flow. 3. CO2-depletion does not produce structural changes in enzyme complexes involved in Photosystem II function of thylakoid membranes, as shown by freeze-fracture studies using electron microscopy. PMID- 6781538 TI - Functional and structural organization of chlorophyll in the developing photosynthetic membranes of Euglena gracilis Z. IV. Light-harvesting properties of system II photosynthetic units and thylakoid ultrastructure during greening under intermittent light. AB - Dark-grown, non-dividing Euglena gracilis Z cells were exposed for 100 h to intermittent light (15 s every 15 min darkness) and were then transferred to continuous light. During chloroplast differentiation, the development of light harvesting and trapping properties of Photosystem II was analyzed mainly with fluorescence induction measurements in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea and was associated with observations on ultrastructural organisation of developing thylakoids using thin section and freeze-fracture methods. Results showed that: (a) the synthesis of chlorophyll b and probably that of the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-protein complex was more reduced by intermittent light than the formation of active system II reaction centers; (b) the size of the overall photosynthetic units, i.e. the number of chlorophyll molecules per O2 molecule evolved under a regime of repetitive saturating short flashes were reduced by 2-3 compared to those developed under continuous light; (c) the lack of chlorophyll induced by intermittent light affected more specifically the size of light-harvesting antennae of system II units, the optical cross-section of which was reduced by 3-4; (d) energy transfers did not occur between these small system II units in spite of high concentrations of PS II reaction centers and of a high trapping efficiency of the absorbed energy; (e) thylakoids developed under intermittent light were not stacked; (f) particles on exoplasmic fracture faces were significantly smaller than those developed under continuous light; (g) rapid synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl a and Chl b) upon exposure to continuous light of cells first greened under intermittent light are concomittant with rapid recovery of light-harvesting properties and structural characteristics of thylakoids developed under continuous light. These structural and functional observations are consistent with the hypothesis that system II units are organized in the photosynthetic membrane as individual and discrete entities, the morphological expression of which correspond to exoplasmic fracture face particles. They also support the model whereby energy transfers between physically connected system II units could occur across the partition between exoplasmic fracture face particles brought into contact in stacked regions. PMID- 6781539 TI - Energy transfer from phycobiliproteins to photosystem I in vegetative cells and heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis. AB - The presence of phycobilins in heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis is established on the basis of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. At 77 K heterocysts exhibit fluorescence emission bands at 645 and 661 nm indicative of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, respectively. Both allophycocyanin levels and fluorescence emission at 695 nm were low in heterocysts relative to whole filaments. In situ fluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of phycobilins in individual heterocysts, but the pigment levels varied considerably among cells. Heterocysts exhibited Photosystem I activity, as evidenced by photooxidation of P-700, but no Photosystem II activity. The quantum efficiency of phycobilins in sensitizing P 700 photooxidation was 50-70% that of chlorophyll a. Phycoibins were also effective in promoting light-dependent reduction of acetylene to ethylene. The results are discussed in terms of the role of the heterocyst in nitrogen fixation and of the significance of energy transfer from phycobilins to Photosystem I in heterocysts. PMID- 6781540 TI - The inhibition of photosynthetic electron transfer in Rhodospirillum rubrum by N ,N' -dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - N ,N' -Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) at concentrations above 0.1 mM inhibits light-induced generation of a membrane potential in the course of cyclic and non cyclic electron transfer, as well as light-induced oxygen uptake due to interaction of photoreduced secondary (loosely bound) ubiquinone with O2 in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores. Similarly to o-phenanthroline, DCCD blocks the electron transfer in the chromatophores between the primary (tightly bound) and secondary ubiquinones. PMID- 6781541 TI - The pH dependence of photosensory responses in Stentor coeruleus and model system. AB - 1. Live Stentor coeruleus exhibits a substantially red-shifted fluorescence maximum, corresponding to the anionic species of the photoreceptor chromophore. No change was observed in either the absorption or fluorescence excitation spectrum, indicating an efficient deprotonation of the photoreceptor pigment upon excitation by light. 2 Changes in external pH exhibit a dramatic effect on the pulmonary response of Stentor. Phototaxis is specifically inhibited at pH less than 6, with loss of photosensory perception which is restored when the pH is returned to pH greater than 6. 3. Fluorescence changes of 9-aminoacridine in suspensions of live Stentor indicate the generation of a pH gradient upon irradiation with light. Both pH gradient and phototaxis were inhibited by the addition of nigericin and p-tri-fluoromethoxy carbonyl cyanide phenylhydrazone (FCCP). 4. Incorporation of the Stentor photoreceptor protein in to artificial liposomes demonstrates the ability of the system to generate pH gradients across model membranes as monitored by the quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence. The effect of external pH on net proton movement in the model system is strikingly similar to the pH dependent of the liver Stentor, thus lending support for transient proton flux being an important mode of light signal processing for photosensory transduction. PMID- 6781542 TI - Photoperiodic control of seasonal breeding in ewes: modulation of the negative feedback action of estradiol. PMID- 6781543 TI - Mammalian sperm-egg recognition and binding in vitro. I. Specificity of sperm interactions with live and fixed eggs in homologous and heterologous inseminations of hamster, mouse, and guinea pig oocytes. PMID- 6781544 TI - Developmental changes in the ability of follicle stimulating hormone to stimulate estrogen synthesis in vivo by the testis of the rat. PMID- 6781545 TI - Endocrine signaling and male reproduction. PMID- 6781546 TI - In vivo and in vitro radioautographic investigation of amino acid incorporation into male germ cells. PMID- 6781547 TI - Induction of ovarian activity in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus). PMID- 6781548 TI - Endocrine signaling and female reproduction. PMID- 6781549 TI - Patterns of hypophysiotropic signals and gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 6781550 TI - An 'in vitro' study of mechanical fatigue in glutaraldehyde-treated porcine aortic valve tissue. AB - Leaflet tissue specimens prepared from porcine aortic valves treated with glutaraldehyde at low and high pressures have been subjected to 0.45 x 10(9) accelerated fatigue cycles in Ringer's solution. The waveform or crimped property of the collagen fibres in the leaflet tissue is an essential requirement for its ability to resist localized deformation during repeated flexure. High pressure glutaraldehyde fixation of the whole valve eliminated the crimp structure and resulted in the formation of localized kink sites in the tissue specimen during repeated flexure. Eleven separate sites of serious tissue disruption were observed in the three fatigue specimens obtained from the high pressure-treated valve. In contrast to this only one site of serious disruption was observed in the three fatigue specimens obtained from the low pressure-treated valve. Here fixation preserved the fully crimped morphology of the collagen. It is expected that the long-term mechanical durability of glutaraldehyde treated aortic valves can be substantially increased if careful consideration is given to the pressure at which initial fixation is carried out. PMID- 6781551 TI - [Changes in the phospholipid spectrum and activity of certain phosphatide synthesis enzyme systems in the brain and liver of rats with alloxan diabetes]. AB - The experiments on brain and liver tissues of rats with alloxan diabetes have shown significant changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of phospholipids. In the test tissues there was a pronounced inhibition of glycerokinase. It is of interest to note that the activity of L-alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase varies in direct and reverse reactions. PMID- 6781552 TI - [Decrease in the rats of intraliposomal proteolysis and labilization of rat liver lysosomes following suramin administration]. AB - Suramin treatment (250 mg/kg bw) 24 and 48 h after administration is followed by the decreased rate of intralysosomal digestion of 14C-bovine albumin. Inhibition of proteolysis and lysosomal overloading with suramin cause the solubilization of acid hydrolases--beta-galactosidase, acid RNase, cathepsin D. There was a significant inhibition of acid phosphatase activity in the rat liver homogenate, suggesting that suramin might be used as a tool to study some features of lysosomal storage disease. Potential mechanisms of the decreased catabolic function of liver ribosomes during administration of lysosomal trophic drugs are discussed. PMID- 6781553 TI - [Isolation of high affinity antibodies to streptococcal group A polysaccharide reacting with thymus and cutaneous epithelial cells]. AB - Anti-streptococcal A polysaccharide (anti-A polysaccharide) antibodies were isolated from sera of rabbits immunized with group A streptococci by means of immunosorbents. The antibodies were studied by indirect immunofluorescence method on sections of skin and thymus tissues. Most preparations of high affinity antibodies reacting with A polysaccharide in the immunodiffusion test also react with skin and thymus epithelial cells. No preparations of low affinity anti-A polysaccharide antibodies reacted with thymus or skin epithelium. It was found that the reaction of antibodies to A-polysaccharide with epithelial cells does not depend on the availability of antibodies cross reacting with group L streptococcal polysaccharide. The reaction with thymus and skin epithelial cells is likely to be bound with high affinity antibodies to the specific determinant of A-polysaccharide. PMID- 6781554 TI - Altered expression of histocompatibility antigens on "B" large cell lymphomas. AB - We describe three malignant lymphomas of the diffuse "histiocytic" (large noncleaved) type in which most of the large lymphoid cells express monoclonal surface immunoglobulin and HLA-DR antigens but do not express HLA-A,B,C, or beta 2-microglobulin as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 6781555 TI - Quantitation of platelet-associated IgG by radial immunodiffusion. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was measured by a simple radial immunodiffusion technique using washed solubilized platelets and commercially available immunoplates. Subjects with normal platelet counts had PAIgG levels of 1.5--7.0 fg/platelet. Subjects with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) had levels ranging from 5.7 to 70.5 fg/platelet. All patients with recurrent ITP and 85% of patients with acute ITP had elevated PAIgg. Elevated PAIgG was also found in 17% of patients with recovered ITP, 40% of patients with SLE and thrombocytopenia, 57% of patients with thrombocytopenia occurring during the course of septicemia, and 100% of patients with IgG myeloma in whom the serum IgG level was clearly elevated, regardless of the platelet count. The results are similar to reports that used more complex techniques. PMID- 6781556 TI - Analysis and detection of B cell neoplasms. AB - Cells from human B cell lymphomas were analyzed by means of the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) according to the amount of kappa or lambda immunoglobulins (Ig) on their surface. The crucial requirements for sensitive recognition of small numbers of tumor cells admixed in a normal population are described. Tumor cells were identified as an excess of cells bearing one light chain type ('clonal excess') at discrete levels of fluorescence intensity. Normal patterns of fluorescence staining are compared to those for tissues infiltrated with tumor. For B cell neoplasms with surface Ig of weak intensity, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as few as 1% of the tumor cells admixed with normal cells could be detected; the bright surface fluorescence of cells from lymphoma permitted their recognition when only 0.1% of the tumor cells were present. FACS analysis was carried out on the peripheral blood of a series of patients with B cell lymphoma whose blood was normal by classic cytologic and cytochemical analysis. Nevertheless, circulating tumor cells were recognized in the majority of cases, suggesting that 'subclinical leukemia' is a common finding in B cell lymphomas. PMID- 6781557 TI - The influence of concurrently administered theophylline, ouabain and hypocapnia on coronary flow perturbations in the perfused guinea pig heart. AB - Adenosine, potassium ions and hydrogen ions are known to be vasoactive in the coronary circulation. Little is known, however, about the combined effects of these chemicals during reactive hyperemia, flow autoregulation or hypoxic hyperemia. Isolated, perfused guinea pig hearts were used to study the influence of simultaneously administered theophylline, ouabain and alkalosis on coronary flow responses (occlusive hyperemia, autoregulation, hypoxic hyperemia) thought to be contributed to by the above chemicals. Retrograde aortic inflow was monitored electromagnetically in the absence and presence of concurrently administered theophylline (5 x 10(-5) M), ouabain (1.4 x 10(-7) M), and alkalosis (perfusate pH 7.69). Upon release of a 30-sec inflow occlusion (in the presence of the above agents) mean peak coronary flow was modestly, but significantly, reduced. Volume flow rate and time for flow to return 50% towards control were reduced in the presence of the above agents, but failed to return to pre experimental values upon removal of blockers. When perfusion pressure was increased from 65 to 95 cm H2O (antagonists present), coronary myogenic autoregulation was significantly enhanced. Upon decreasing pressure from 95 to 35 cm H2O, in the presence of blockers, calculated coronary resistance fell from 13 +/- 0.6 to 9.5 +/- 0.5 cm H2O/ml/min. The latter value was significantly higher than that seen in the absence of test agents. No difference in the maximum mean coronary flow achieved by hypoxia (20% O2-5% Co2-balance N2) was seen in the absence or presence of blockers. In conclusion, these experiments provide some indirect support for the involvement of the above metabolites in reactive hyperemia and as antagonists of myogenic blood flow autoregulation. Little evidence for their involvement in hypoxic hyperemia is available from this study. PMID- 6781558 TI - Influence of ethanol on the interaction between polychlorinated biphenyls and drug metabolism. PMID- 6781559 TI - Organochlorine and mercury residues in snakes from Pilot and Spider Islands, Lake Michigan--1978. PMID- 6781560 TI - Inhibition by the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1242 of limb regeneration in the fiddler crab, Uca pugilator, in different salinities from which different numbers of limbs have been removed. PMID- 6781561 TI - Disappearance constants of carbaryl from streams contaminated by forest spraying. PMID- 6781562 TI - Distribution differences between polychlorinated terphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls in human tissues. PMID- 6781563 TI - Decrease in cadmium concentration in a Cd-contaminated fish by short-term exposure to EDTA. PMID- 6781564 TI - Efficiency and rate of elimination of polychlorinated biphenyls from waste waters by means of algae. PMID- 6781565 TI - Body temperatures and weights in rats during daily administration of closely controlled doses of polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 6781566 TI - Adhesion-binding of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl to glass and plastic: a possible source of error for PCB analysis. PMID- 6781567 TI - Effect of complexans (EDTA, NTA and DTPA) on the exposure to high concentrations of cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. PMID- 6781568 TI - An evaluation of existing methods for quantitation of polychlorinated biphenyls in environmental samples and suggestions for an improved method based on measurement of individual components. PMID- 6781569 TI - Government approaches to the management of medical technology. PMID- 6781570 TI - Regulation of the tidal volume and ventilatory responses to CO2 in normal man and in scoliosis. AB - The variation of the ventilatory response to CO2 and its pattern among normals and in the presence of pulmonary disease is wide. In normal subjects the relationship between the slopes of the ventilatory (delta V/delta PCO2), tidal volume (delta VT/delta PCO2) and the frequency (delta f/delta PCO2) responses and body size, metabolic rate, resting ventilation and pattern, lung volumes or mechanical properties of the respiratory system have only been demonstrated in a few studies. In idiopathic scoliosis there is a positive correlation between the delta V/delta PCO2 and delta VT/delta PCO2 and body size, resting ventilation and tidal volume, lung volumes and compliance of the respiratory system. Although there were significant correlations between the delta V/delta PCO2 and the delta VT/delta PCO2 and th delta f/delta PCO2 the correlation between the delta VT/delta PCO2 and delta f/delta PCO2 was not significant. Correlations between the delta f/delta PCO2 and lung volumes, compliance or body size were also not significant. Therefore variation in the frequency response to CO2 contribute to the variation between individuals of the delta V/delta PCO2 and this variation is unrelated to respiratory mechanics or body size. We conclude that in human studies any examination of possible relationships between ventilatory response to CO2 and body size, lung volumes and mechanics should examine separately the tidal volume and frequency response to CO2. We postulate that the tidal volume response is the most appropriate variable to normalize for lung volumes, e.g., vital capacity (delta VT/VC/delta/ PCO2). PMID- 6781571 TI - Surgery for epilepsy. PMID- 6781572 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in human platelets by burimamide. AB - 1 Burimamide selectively inhibited the formation of thromboxane A2 from prostaglandin endoperoxides by human platelet microsomes in a dose-dependent manner (IC50 = 2.5 x 10(-5) M). Burimamide was found to be equipotent to imidazole as a thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. 2 Metiamide, cimetidine and a series of compounds either bearing a structural or pharmacological relationship to histamine caused little or no inhibition of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis by human platelet microsomes. 3 Burimamide (5 x 10(-4) to 2.3 x 10(-3) M) did not inhibit either the cyclo-oxygenase or the prostacyclin synthetase of sheep seminal vesicles or the prostacyclin synthetase of dog aortic microsomes. 4 Burimamide (2.5 x 10(-5) to 1.2 x 10(-4) M) inhibited sodium arachidonate-induced human platelet aggregation; the degree of inhibition was dependent upon the concentration of arachidonic acid used to aggregate the platelets. PMID- 6781573 TI - Inhibitory actions of methionine-enkephalin and morphine on the cat carotid chemoreceptors. AB - 1 The effects of intracarotid injections of methionine-enkephalin (Met enkephalin) and morphine on chemoreceptor activity recorded from the peripheral end of a sectioned carotid sinus nerve have been studied in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. 2 Met-enkephalin caused a rapid, powerful, inhibition of spontaneous chemoreceptor discharge, the intensity and duration of which was dose dependent. 3 Morphine was a less potent inhibitor of spontaneous chemoreceptor discharge, and the inhibition it evoked was rather variable and tended to be biphasic. Low doses of morphine caused a slight increase in discharge. 4 Naloxone (0.2 mg i.c.) slightly increased spontaneous discharge, greatly reduced the chemo inhibition caused by morphine, and reduced the inhibitory effect of Met enkephalin. A higher dose of naloxone (0.8 mg) caused a substantial reduction of the Met-enkephalin effect. 5 Chemo-excitation evoked by intracarotid injections of acetylcholine, CO2-saturated Locke solution, and sodium cyanide were only slightly and somewhat variably reduced following injections of Met-enkephalin, whereas the inhibitory effect of dopamine was potentiated. Following morphine administration, response to acetylcholine and sodium cyanide were reduced slightly, whereas those to CO2 and dopamine were potentiated. 6 Responses to acetylcholine and CO2 were slightly potentiated during infusion of Met-enkephalin (50 micrograms/min, i.c.) and the response to sodium cyanide was slightly reduced. 7 It is concluded that naloxone-sensitive opiate receptors are present in the cat carotid body; when activated they cause inhibition of spontaneous chemoreceptor discharge. The physiological role of these receptors and the identity of any endogenous ligand remains to be established. PMID- 6781574 TI - Synergistic effects of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas and antibiotic ionophores upon calcium translocation. AB - 1 Hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas, such as tolbutamide and gliclazide, provoke the translocation of calcium from an aqueous medium into or across a hydrophobic region. The combined effect of sulphonylureas and antibiotic ionophores upon such a process was investigated. 2 The magnitude of the sulphonylurea-induced translocation of calcium was more marked in the presence than in the absence of A23187. Gliclazide and tolbutamide also enhanced, although less markedly, X537A mediated calcium translocation. The effect of the sulphonylureas was even less marked in the presence of both ionophores, which acted synergistically in causing calcium translocation. 3 A non-hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea and diazoxide failed to affect ionophore-mediated calcium translocation. Gliclazide failed to enhance X537A-mediated sodium translocation. 4 It is proposed that the primary site of action of hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas upon calcium-dependent physiological processes may correspond to a drug-induced facilitation of calcium transport across the plasma membrane, as mediated by native ionophores. PMID- 6781575 TI - The pharmacology of isamoxole [2-methyl-n-butyl-n(4-methyloxazol-2-yl) propanamide] LRCL 3950, a new anti-allergic compound. AB - 1. Isamoxole [2-methyl-N-butyl-N(4-methyloxazol-2-yl) propanamide] is an effective orally active anti-allergic compound in animals. 2. Isamoxole inhibits the immunological release of mediators, notably slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from sensitized human and guinea-pig chopped lung in vitro. 3. In vivo, allergic responses were inhibited in guinea-pigs and rats by doses as low as 25 mg/kg given orally 180 and 30 min before challenge. The effect of Isamoxole was still present 4 h after a single dose of 100 mg/kg orally in the guinea-pig and 3 h in the rat. 4. Isamoxole is a moderately potent, selective inhibitor of SRS-A activity on the guinea-pig ileum in vitro, at concentrations that do not antagonize histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, or bradykinin. 5. Isamoxole causes human bronchial muscle to relax and antagonizes the bronchoconstriction induced by SRS-A. PMID- 6781576 TI - Actions of nitroglycerine on smooth muscles of the guinea-pig and rat portal veins. AB - 1 Effects of nitroglycerine (NG) on the electrical and mechanical activities of smooth muscle cells of the rat and guinea-pig portal veins were studied by a microelectrode technique and an isometric tension recording method.2 The membrane potentials of smooth muscle cells in the rat and guinea-pig were -44.4 mV and 47.6 mV, respectively. In both species the smooth muscle cells generated spikes as burst discharges.3 In the guinea-pig portal vein, NG (2.8 x 10(-8) M) produced biphasic potential changes, an initial transient hyperpolarization followed by depolarization. The hyperpolarization suppressed and depolarization enhanced spike activities.4 From the changes in the membrane potential produced by NG in various concentrations of [K](o), [Na](o) or [Ca](o), it is postulated that the hyperpolarization is due to an increase in the K-permeability and the depolarization is due to an increase in the Na-permeability of the membrane.5 NG (2.8 x 10(-5) M) had no effect on the membrane activity of the rat portal vein.6 NG consistently suppressed mechanical activities generated in both tissues. The minimum concentration required to suppress the mechanical activity was lower in the guinea-pig than in the rat portal vein.7 NG suppressed the contraction due to noradrenaline more than that evoked by excess [K](o) in both species.8 From these experiments, it is concluded that NG relaxes the muscular bed of portal veins of both species. In the rat portal vein, suppression of mechanical activity had no causal relation to the membrane activity. In contrast, in the guinea-pig portal vein, suppression of mechanical activity was slightly modified by changes in the membrane activity, i.e. hyperpolarization additively contributes to the relaxation and depolarization slightly suppresses the relaxation. PMID- 6781577 TI - Calcium ionophore A23187 induces release of chemokinetic and aggregating factors from polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - 1. Rat and human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) when exposed to calcium ionophore A23187 10 microM release products which cause aggregation of rat PMNs and chemokinesis of human PMNs. 2. Aggregating and chemokinetic activities are rapidly generated; maximal release occurs after 4 min, and can be detected in dilutions of the supernatant of up to 1:1000. 3. Generation of aggregating and chemokinetic activities is inhibited by nordihydroguaiaretic acid 10(-4) to 10(0 7) M, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid 10(-4) and 10(-5) M, BW 755C 10(-4) M and benoxaprofen 10(-4) M, all compounds known to inhibit lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism. 4. Conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as aspirin and indomethacin, inhibited little or not at all the generation of these activities. 5. We conclude that the aggregating and chemokinetic activities induced by A23187 represent generation of biologically active products of lipoxygenase pathways of AA metabolism. PMID- 6781578 TI - The effect of sodium-n-dipropyl acetate on gamma-aminobutyric acid-dependent inhibition in the rat cortex and substantia nigra in relation to its anticonvulsant activity. AB - 1. We have examined the time course of the anticonvulsant property of valproate sodium on electroshock-induced convulsions in rats and a comparison of this has been made with the action of the drug on single unit activity in the rat brain. 2. Intraperitoneal valproate sodium (100 to 400 mg/kg) protected rats from electroshock-induced convulsion. This effect was dose-dependent, the latency of the effect decreasing as a function of dose from 5 to 2 min. 3. The time course of this anticonvulsant property was paralleled by a pronounced inhibition of the spontaneous firing rate of cortical and nigral neurones, following intraperitoneal administration of valproate sodium (100 to 400 mg/kg). 4. The inhibitory action of microiontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and muscimol on the firing rate of cortical neurones was potentiated within 1 to 3 min of microiontophoretic application of valproate sodium. In contrast, the inhibitory action of glycine on cortical neurones was unaffected during the microiontophoretic application of valproate sodium. 5. Microiontophoretically applied valproate sodium also potentiated inhibitory responses to GABA in rats which had received 100 mg/kg of a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, gabaculine, i.p. 16 h previously. 6. The duration of trans-synaptic inhibitory responses in the substantia nigra and cortex following submaximal electrical stimulation of the striatum and cortex respectively was, in general, unaffected by either intraperitoneal or local application of valproate sodium. 7. These observations are discussed in terms of the mechanisms underlying the rapid onset of the anticonvulsant properties of valproate sodium. PMID- 6781579 TI - Characteristics contractile response to the calcium ionophore, A23187, in guinea pig vas deferens. AB - 1. In the guinea-pig isolated vas deferens, the calcium ionophore, A23187, initially caused a phasic contraction followed by rhythmic activity. 2. Treatment with atropine, phentolamine, tetrodotoxin and reserpine modified neither of the components of the contraction induced by the ionophore. Verapamil and nifedipine abolished the rhythmic activity but had no effect on the phasic contraction. 4. In a calcium-free solution, both components of the contraction were abolished. 5. It is suggested that A23187 is able to cause contraction by a direct action on the smooth muscle of guinea-pig vas deferens. PMID- 6781580 TI - Drugs for asthma: mast-cell stabilisers. PMID- 6781581 TI - Left hand, right hand. PMID- 6781582 TI - Do fetal movements reflect fetal wellbeing? PMID- 6781583 TI - Care of children in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6781585 TI - Muzolimine: a new high-ceiling diuretic suitable for patients with advanced renal disease. AB - Muzolimine was administered by mouth to 24 patients with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 28 ml/min to treat oedema or hypertension, or both. In four of these 24 patients muzolimine was given after intravenous high-dose frusemide had been unsuccessful. Muzolimine significantly increased urine volume and excretions of sodium, chloride, and potassium ions. Its diuretic efficacy was further shown by a mean reduction in body-weight of 8% and by the disappearance of oedema in all affected patients, even those refractory to intravenous frusemide. No rebound phenomenon was observed after the drug was stopped. Mean blood pressure was reduced in all hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was restored to normal in five out of seven patients treated with muzolimine alone and 10 out of 11 in whom muzolimine had been added to previously unsatisfactory antihypertensive treatment. Muzolimine was well tolerated by all patients. Muzolimine appears to be the diuretic of choice when treating patients with advanced renal disease. PMID- 6781586 TI - Methotrexate treatment of squamous-cell head and neck cancers: dose-response evaluation. AB - Seventy-two patients with advanced squamous-cell carcinomas of the head and neck were randomised to receive weekly intravenous methotrexate at doses of either 50 mg/m2 (low dose), 500 mg/m2 (medium dose), or 5 g/m2 (high dose). Patients who failed to respond after four treatments at their initial dose were given four further treatments at the next higher dose. There were two complete responses and 21 partial responses to the initial dose--in 10 out of 22 patients given the high dose, seven out of 27 given the medium dose, six out of 23 given the low dose. A further five out of 16 patients responded after crossing over to a higher dose. Toxicity was more severe with the high-dose regimen. Responders survived significantly longer than non-responders (p less than 0.05), but there was no significant difference in durations of survival among the three treatment groups. Analysis of patients who completed the first four treatments indicated an improved response rate and duration of survival for the high-dose group. Because of toxicity associated with high-dose methotrexate this treatment produces no overall greater benefit than low-dose regimens. PMID- 6781584 TI - Prostaglandins in vascular disease: a seminal approach. PMID- 6781587 TI - Epidemic of fractures during period of snow and ice. AB - During four days of snow and ice in which more than 70% of pavements in the Cardiff area were covered by slippery hard snow and ice the number of patients who attended the accident and emergency department at this hospital with fractured bones increased 2.85 times as compared with those who attended during four control days with comparable hours of sunshine and four control calendar days a year later. Fractures of the arm were increased 3.7 times and of the forearm and wrist 7.3 times. For a town population of one million people who may walk on untreated slippery and icy pavements this means that on average in a single day 74 more people than usual sustain a fracture unnecessarily. This traumatic epidemic has all the characteristics of a "major accident" and should be treated as such, since mobilisation of additional facilities, staff, and reserves might be necessary. Snow and ice injuries, however, differ from injuries sustained in a major accident in one important point: they may be predicted and prevented. The mass media should warn the population about the oncoming hazards and give practical advice on safer walking on slippery surfaces. The most important aspect of prevention, however, is instant cleaning of pavements around buildings, shops, and houses, especially in town centres and other areas busy with pedestrians. PMID- 6781588 TI - Treatment for partial tears of the lateral ligament of the ankle: a prospective trial. AB - There is debate about the most appropriate form of treatment for partial tears of the lateral ligament of the ankle, which are common after inversion injuries. A prospective trial of four forms of treatment was carried out. The forms of treatment used were: no treatment with only a minimal bandage, Tubigrip support, immobilisation in plaster-of-Paris, and physiotherapy. The end point was taken when the patient returned to work or had a low score on an objective clinical scale. Early mobilisation, with or without physiotherapy, was found to offer the most rapid return to functional activity. Patients who had had their ankle immobilised in plaster-of-Paris required more days off work and longer attendance at a follow-up clinic. Inversion injuries are common and cause absence from work and discomfort for the patient. These findings suggest that mobilisation with physiotherapy, although not practical for all patients, is the most satisfactory course of treatment. PMID- 6781589 TI - Inversion injuries of the ankle: clinical assessment and radiographic review. AB - Inversion injuries of the ankle are a common cause of referral and presentation to accident units. They impose a load on radiographic services. A prospective trial was carried out to determine the accuracy of clinical examination. All patients were assessed clinically then examined radiographically, the clinical assessment missed 5% of the fractures. These, however, were all minor avulsion fractures or crush fractures and Tubigrip support was sufficient. Clinical examinations is, therefore, accurate and the need for most x-ray examination is questionable. X-ray examination should be reserved for patients with continuing pain or those who clinically have a fracture requiring immobilisation. This would produce a large saving in NHS resources. PMID- 6781590 TI - Sulphinpyrazone-induced acute renal failure. PMID- 6781591 TI - Peripheral corneal melting syndrome in association with psoriasis: a report of two cases. PMID- 6781592 TI - Vaginal manipulation and anaerobic breast abscesses. PMID- 6781593 TI - Treatment of biliary duct stones with a terpene preparation. PMID- 6781594 TI - Adjunct to bile-acid treatment for gall-stone dissolution: low-dose chenodeoxycholic acid combined with a terpene preparation. PMID- 6781595 TI - Dealing with Vietnamese refugees. What we found. PMID- 6781596 TI - Must we improve our records? PMID- 6781597 TI - Situation vacant. I: Hiring a receptionist. PMID- 6781599 TI - Asbestos fibres and the environment. PMID- 6781598 TI - Attitudes of patients after "genetic" termination of pregnancy. AB - Twelve of 15 women who had had abnormal fetuses agreed to be interviewed after termination of the pregnancy. The survey showed that persistent adverse psychological and social reactions may be much commoner in patients undergoing termination of pregnancy for genetic rather than "social" indications. Adequate information and counselling before, and support after, termination of an abnormal pregnancy are essential if these women are to cope with the experience. PMID- 6781600 TI - Double pathology as a cause of occult gastrointestinal blood loss. PMID- 6781601 TI - ABC of ENT. Throat infections. PMID- 6781602 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Drug monitoring. PMID- 6781603 TI - A centre of excellence in Africa. PMID- 6781604 TI - Patients in wheelchairs. PMID- 6781605 TI - Fulminant Streptococcus pyogenes infection. PMID- 6781606 TI - Hospital spending in real terms and public choice. PMID- 6781607 TI - Febrile convulsions: long-term treatment. PMID- 6781608 TI - They are still with us. PMID- 6781609 TI - Leucocyte scanning in abdominal surgery. PMID- 6781610 TI - Prevention of haemolytic diseases of the newborn due to anti-D. PMID- 6781611 TI - Infective endocarditis. PMID- 6781612 TI - Bakers' asthma. PMID- 6781613 TI - Comparative study of oestradiol and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the unfavourable cervix before induction of labour. AB - Oestradiol 150 mg and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) 4 mg suspended in viscous gel and applied intravaginally were compared with regard to ripening the unfavourable cervix of patients randomly allocated to two study groups. In primigravidae no significant difference was observed in the efficacy of the two substances. Some multiparous patients, however, had considerably more uterine sensitivity to PGE2 quickly developed decelerative cardiotocographic tracings after insertion of the gel. In the group given oestradiol there was a significant absence of uterine activity after gel application. The findings suggest that oestradiol applied vaginally is a safe, comfortable, cheap, and equally effective alternative to PGE2 for ripening the cervix, without the disadvantages of uterine stimulation frequently encountered with PGE2. PMID- 6781614 TI - Systemic lambda light-chain deposition in a patient with myeloma. AB - Systemic lambda light-chain deposition occurred in a 73-year-old man with myeloma. An initial renal biopsy specimen showed the features of myeloma kidney. When he died 22 months later lambda light chains were detected by immunofluorescence in kidneys, liver, spleen, and heart. They were probably responsible for cardiac dysfunction and the fatal arrhythmia. It is suggested that in this patient deposition was due to a structural alteration of the light chains, possibly induced by cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6781615 TI - New assessment of the effects of birth order and socioeconomic status on birth weight. AB - A survey of the 20 698 singleton births occurring in one year to women resident in the Greater Dublin area provided information on birth weight, birth order, and social class. Low (less than or equal to 2500 g), suboptimal (less than or equal to 3000 g), and optimal (3001-4499 g) birth weights all showed a linear relation with social class. The incidence of low and suboptimal birth weight was highest in first, fifth, and subsequent births, and conversely optimal weight was commonest in second, third, and fourth births. Analysis indicated that a major part of the birth-order effect was attributable to social class. Birthweight categories give information which may be distorted when using mean weight alone. The ue of suboptimal and optimal weight offers the possibility of more accurate assessment of trends in performance, particularly in small samples, than does the conventional sole use of low birth weight. Low and suboptimal birth weights are uncommon in Dublin. PMID- 6781616 TI - Epileptic dizziness. AB - Clinical and electroencephalographic features and the response to treatment of 30 patients with episodic dizziness due to epilepsy were noted. The symptom consisted of a brief episode of disequilibrium, often with a sensation of rotation, without evident precipitating factors or sequelae. A history of "absences" or other features suggestive of temporal lobe epilepsy was elicited in over half the patients, and seven (almost a quarter) had had one or more generalized seizures before presentation. Electroencephalography showed a posterior temporal lobe focus in all but two patients, and there was a family history of epilepsy in six. Response to treatment with phenytoin or carbamazepine was good in most patients. Epilepsy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of episodic dizziness or vertigo, especially in young people. PMID- 6781617 TI - The Cardiff Cervical Cytology Study: prevalence of cytological grades and initial histological findings. AB - Among 45 266 women in the Cardiff Cervical Cytology Survey the peak prevalence of suspicious or positive smears was 11.2/1000 at age 45-50 years and of dyskaryosis 10.2/1000 at age 25-29. A suspicious or positive cytological picture at prevalence testing was associated with occult or clinical invasion in 24% of cases, and only 4% of patients with suspicious or positive smears were normal histologically. When dyskaryosis was detected in the prevalence test 20% had carcinoma in situ or microinvasion and 3% had occult or clinically invasive carcinoma. One hundred and twenty-nine (51%) women with dyskaryotic smears did not have a biopsy initially (that is, within two years of the prevalence test), but they were followed up at regular intervals. Subsequently 15 of the 129 gave smears consistently dyskaryotic or worse cytologically and were subjected to biopsy. Of these, two showed dysplasia, 12 carcinoma in situ, and one clinically invasive carcinoma. These findings emphasise the need for repeat cytological or histological examination in any woman with evidence of dyskaryosis in a cervical smear. PMID- 6781619 TI - Interhospital spread of multiply resistant klebsiella. PMID- 6781620 TI - Polygeline compared with plasma protein fraction as the sole replacement fluid in plasma exchange. PMID- 6781618 TI - Long survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia: an international collaborative study. AB - A group of 82 adult patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia had survived in continuous first remission for more than three years was studied. These long surviving patients were being treated at 12 referral centres in Europe and the USA, and they were compared with other patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia from 10 of these centres. There was no clear difference in the amount of induction chemotherapy or the time taken to achieve remission. Immunotherapy was not found to improve chances of long-term survival. The 82 patients were also compared with a group of 115 patients who had no appreciable difference in the number of blood or marrow myeloblasts between these two groups at presentation, but the long survivors had significantly higher initial platelet counts and were slightly younger. The long survivors also tended to have a lower total white cell count at presentation and lower granulocyte counts; there was no obvious explanation for these differences. Eight of the 82 patients relapsed from three to four years after remission and two (of 69 patients) after four to five year. Thereafter relapse was rare, and it seems likely that some of the 40 patients who have survived for five years or more are cured. PMID- 6781621 TI - Depression of cellular immunity as an index of malnutrition in surgical patients. PMID- 6781622 TI - General practitioner at school. PMID- 6781624 TI - Situation vacant II: The "doctor's right hand". PMID- 6781623 TI - History of our records. PMID- 6781625 TI - Perinatal death recording: time for a change? AB - The new perinatal death certificate proposed by the World Health Organisation was examined in relation to existing measures for recording perinatal death statistics and also with regard to new information gathered. Present procedures appear to underestimate the number of perinatal deaths by roughly 10%, though late registrations may lower this figure slightly. The use of a minimum birth weight as the criterion for inclusion in perinatal statistics removed much of the uncertainty associated with definitions of live birth and stillbirth. The new certificate led to duplication of some information already recorded through birth notification yet failed to provide information on some other factors generally considered relevant to perinatal mortality. The format proposed for recording cause of death provided a more logical presentation of events. Standardizing birth information recorded on all infants, modifying death certificates, and developing efficient record-linkage schemes would be more valuable than introducing the WHO certificate. Useful interpretation of the meaning of the characteristics of infants dying in the perinatal period awaits these timely changes. PMID- 6781626 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Prescription writing. PMID- 6781627 TI - Blind patients. PMID- 6781628 TI - Hoarseness and stridor. PMID- 6781629 TI - Research ethical committees in Scotland. AB - A questionnaire was sent to 41 ethical committees in Scotland requesting information about their constitution and supervision of clinical research. Thirty four (83%) replies were received. Committees varied in size from one to 73 members, most of whom were medical. Ten had no nurse members and only three had lay members without direct NHS connections. Sixteen saw their role as advisory rather than supervisory. Thirteen had not met in the past year whereas two had held 10 or more meetings. Limited use (12) was made of standard protocols, and only six had formal procedures for monitoring research in progress. Only seven of 370 proposals were rejected outright. Risk/benefit dilemmas and difficulties relating to informed consent were the commonest problems encountered. The committees provide only limited safeguards for patients and research workers, and more effective, standardised procedures are indicated. PMID- 6781630 TI - A profile of medical education. PMID- 6781631 TI - Air pollution: the "classical" pollutants. PMID- 6781632 TI - Passive smoking and lung cancer. PMID- 6781633 TI - Age of mothers with breast cancer and sex of their children. PMID- 6781635 TI - Nappy rashes. PMID- 6781634 TI - Prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopecia. PMID- 6781636 TI - Acute urethral syndrome in women. PMID- 6781637 TI - Familial Mediterranean fever. PMID- 6781638 TI - Serum antibodies in crohn's disease. PMID- 6781639 TI - Factors influencing rubella immunity in women. PMID- 6781640 TI - Failure of rubella immunisation after blood transfusion. PMID- 6781641 TI - "Benign" monoclonal IgE gammopathy. PMID- 6781642 TI - Medical equipment for expeditions. PMID- 6781643 TI - Benign familial tremor treated with primidone. PMID- 6781644 TI - Effect of discotheque environment on epileptic children. PMID- 6781645 TI - Status epilepticus treated by barbiturate anaesthesia. PMID- 6781646 TI - Chronic fluorosis. PMID- 6781647 TI - Are reflectance meters necessary for home blood glucose monitoring? PMID- 6781648 TI - Guidelines on the performance of chemical pathology assays outside the laboratory. PMID- 6781650 TI - Medical professional advisory machinery in Wales. Report of joint professional working party. PMID- 6781649 TI - Recession and dismissal in the NHS. PMID- 6781651 TI - Milage payments for hospital doctors. PMID- 6781652 TI - Reviewing the distinction awards system in England and Wales, 1978 and 1979. PMID- 6781653 TI - Index-linked pensions are essential. PMID- 6781654 TI - Withholding treatment in infancy. PMID- 6781655 TI - Epiphysitis in congenital dislocation of the hip. PMID- 6781656 TI - Pindolol acts as beta-adrenoceptor agonist in orthostatic hypotension: therapeutic implications. AB - Three bedridden patients with severe orthostatic hypotension due to chronic autonomic failure were treated with pindolol (15 mg/day), a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. While taking this drug the patients were free of orthostatic symptoms: they could walk, and standing blood pressure was maintained above 90/50 mm Hg. Supine heart rate rose during treatment by 12 21 beats/minute, and stroke volume and cardiac output by 12-24 ml and 1.5-3.1 l/min respectively. Supine blood pressure rose by 21-68 mm Hg systolic and 14-49 mm Hg diastolic. Pindolol 15 mg/day was therapeutically effective in these three patients with severe orthostatic hypotension due to chronic autonomic failure. Further studies in a larger series of patients are needed to confirm this result. PMID- 6781657 TI - Calcium antagonists in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind trial comparing the protective effects of inhaled verapamil (estimated dose 3 mg) and sodium cromoglycate (estimated dose 12 mg). Saline was used as control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after running on a treadmill for eight minutes. There was no significant change in baseline FEV1 values after each agent. In the exercise periods, however, FEV1 fell by 45.4% (SEM 4.0) after saline inhalation, 18.4% (5.1) after sodium cromoglycate, and 16.7% (4.3) after verapamil. The inhibitory effects of sodium cromoglycate and verapamil were comparable and significantly different from saline (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Nevertheless, considerable intrasubject variability was observed. The findings suggest that mediator release, which is calcium dependent, may play an important part in exercise-induced asthma, and calcium antagonists may inhibit post exercise bronchoconstriction by their blocking effect on calcium channels. PMID- 6781658 TI - Cyclosporin A in cadaveric organ transplantation. AB - The use of cyclosporin A (CyA) with a protocol designed to avoid the effects of nephrotoxicity resulted in a one-year survival of 86% in recipients of renal allografts from unmatched cadaveric donors. The drug also controlled rejection of liver and pancreatic allografts. It was possible to change patients initially treated with CyA to azathioprine and corticosteroids and vice versa, thus enlarging the potential value of CyA in organ allografting. Of 34 recipients of renal allografts, 29 were currently receiving only CyA as immunosuppressive treatment. Twelve patients never required any adjuvant steroid treatment. These results suggest that CyA is an effective immunosuppressant, and if used with care side effects need not be severe. PMID- 6781659 TI - Relapse rate and long-term management of plaque psoriasis after treatment with photochemotherapy and dithranol. AB - The relapse rate of plaque psoriasis after initial clearing with the "Ingram" dithranol regimen or photochemotherapy was comparable when no maintenance treatment was given. It was estimated that psoriasis recurs to half of its pretreatment extent after about six months in half the patients. Maintenance treatment with photochemotherapy once a week or once every three weeks was useful in reducing the relapse rate. This study failed to show any statistical difference in relapse rates between these two maintenance schedules. If this finding turns out to be true over longer periods of study the maintenance schedule entailing treatment once every three weeks with its lower cumulative dose of long-wave ultraviolet light will clearly be preferable. The psoriasis in most patients was under better overall control with maintenance treatment than with intermittant clearing courses given when the extent of the psoriasis had become unacceptable to them. There was, however, a group of roughly one-fifth of patients who remained in satisfactory remission for over 16 months after initial clearing. Regular maintenance treatment was unnecessary in them. Much more information is needed on response to treatment in subgroups of patients to permit recognition from the start of which patients are likely to have long remission and which are not. PMID- 6781660 TI - Algorithmic method for assessing urinary incontinence in elderly women. AB - In young patients the assessment of urinary incontinence is based increasingly on the results of complex urodynamic investigations. The value of such techniques in the elderly, however, is as yet unproved. Based on the clinical and urodynamic findings in 100 incontinent elderly women an algorithmic method for managing such patients was devised. A retrospective study comparing the algorithmic outcome with the results of standard urodynamic assessment showed that 60% of invasive investigations could be avoided by this method with minimal loss of diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6781661 TI - Renal imaging: a comparison of radionuclide, ultrasound, and computed tomographic scanning in investigation of renal space-occupying lesions. AB - Two studies were carried out in which 27 and 23 patients respectively with renal space-occupying lesions were assessed by different techniques and the results compared. Instead of proceeding to renal arteriography after the lesion had been found on urography, radionuclide and ultrasound scanning were used in the first study to clarify the nature of the lesions, while in the second study computed tomography was used as well. Results were good with all three methods, although ultrasonography and radionuclide scanning cannot resolve lesions of under 2 cm in diameter and the radiation dose with computed tomography is similar to that used in renal arteriography. Probably the best method of evaluating renal space occupying lesions after urography is to use both ultrasound and radionuclide scanning. If further information is required computed tomography or arteriography is indicated. PMID- 6781662 TI - Meningitis and septicaemia due to haemophilus influenzae type b in pregnancy. PMID- 6781663 TI - Effect of dobutamine on insulin requirement in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6781664 TI - Iliopsoas bursitis in rheumatoid arthritis: an unusual cause of leg oedema. PMID- 6781665 TI - Scleroderma in the elderly. PMID- 6781666 TI - Combined phlebography and arthrography in patients with painful swollen calf. PMID- 6781667 TI - Urinary tract infection due to laboratory-acquired Escherichia coli: relation to virulence. PMID- 6781668 TI - Crohn's disease in Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6781669 TI - Acute nephrotic syndrome with reversible renal failure after phenylbutazone. PMID- 6781670 TI - Intravenous amiodarone in ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6781671 TI - Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia provoked by swallowing. PMID- 6781672 TI - Medical records. II: A4 folders--a step into the present. PMID- 6781674 TI - General practitioner to the actors. PMID- 6781673 TI - Diagnosing sex problems in general practice. PMID- 6781675 TI - Pitfalls in practice. Employment law. III: The contract. PMID- 6781676 TI - Psychiatric research in medical prespective. PMID- 6781677 TI - A link with the past. PMID- 6781678 TI - ABC of ENT. Nose bleeds. PMID- 6781679 TI - Pollution and people. Perspectives and priorities. PMID- 6781680 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged. Amputees. PMID- 6781681 TI - Enteral feeds contaminated with Enterobacter cloacae as a cause of septicaemia. PMID- 6781682 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6781683 TI - Breast cancer: a case for conservation. PMID- 6781684 TI - Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer. PMID- 6781685 TI - Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6781686 TI - Prognosis of patients with "chest pain ?cause". PMID- 6781687 TI - Chest pain and cardiac arrest. PMID- 6781688 TI - The pacing industry. PMID- 6781689 TI - Legionella pneumophila and water systems. PMID- 6781690 TI - Drug prevention of malaria. PMID- 6781691 TI - Group R streptococcal infection. PMID- 6781692 TI - Recurrent renal calculi. PMID- 6781693 TI - Haemophilus influenzae endophthalmitis. PMID- 6781694 TI - Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes--WHO criteria. PMID- 6781695 TI - Statistics and ethics in medical research. PMID- 6781696 TI - Facial palsy. PMID- 6781697 TI - Effect of a low pertussis vaccination uptake on a large community. PMID- 6781698 TI - Secretory otitis media and grommets. PMID- 6781699 TI - Status epilepticus treated by barbiturate anaesthesia. PMID- 6781700 TI - Urban hypothermia. PMID- 6781701 TI - Left hand, right hand. PMID- 6781702 TI - Do fetal movements reflect fetal wellbeing? PMID- 6781703 TI - Hunting rare adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6781704 TI - Amniotic fluid phospholipid profile. PMID- 6781705 TI - Female sterilisation--no more tubal coagulation. PMID- 6781706 TI - In-vitro antigonococcal activity of rosoxacin (WIN 35213). AB - The in-vitro activity of rosoxacin against 173 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including 17 beta-lactamase-producers, was tested by an agar dilution method. Of the isolates, 167 (including 16 of the beta-lactamase-producers) were inhibited by 0 . 06 mg/l of rosoxacin. The remaining six isolates, one of which produced beta-lactamase and the others were moderately resistant to penicillin, were inhibited by 0 . 12-0 25 mg/l of the compound. There was little correlation between the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rosoxacin and penicillin, except for isolates with MICs of penicillin of 0 . 06-1 mg/l, for which correlation was good. PMID- 6781707 TI - Urethritis in women attending an STD clinic. AB - Of an unselected group of 159 women attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic 20% (32) had symptoms of urethritis. A positive correlation existed between the finding of more than 10 polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) per high power field in the Gram-stained urethral smear and the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Conversely, these organisms were rarely isolated if no PMNL were present. Fewer cultures gave positive results for these organisms if micturition had occurred less than four hours before examination. C trachomatis was recovered from the urethra or endocervix in 29/150 (19 . 3%) and from the urethra alone in six women. In contrast, N gonorrhoea was never recovered from the urethra in the absence of endocervical infection. Of the 159 women 10% had bacteriuria due to non-sexually transmissible agents; 50% had asymptomatic bacteriuria. All, however, had other urethral pathogens isolated as well. Thus, sexually transmitted disease agents are highly prevalent in women attending an STD clinic who have signs and symptoms of urethritis. As in non-gonococcal urethritis in men, C trachomatis may be an important cause of urethritis in women. PMID- 6781708 TI - Immunological properties and immunohistochemical localization of cysteine sulfinate or aspartate aminotransferase-isoenzymes in rat CNS. AB - Organ and interspecies specificities of cysteine sulfinate transaminase isoenzymes were studied by double immunodiffusion. Antisera were produced in rabbits against purified mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes of rat brain. No cross-reaction was found between the two isoenzymes. The enzymes present in crude mitochondrial fractions prepared from rat brain, heart, kidney and liver are immunologically identical. Similar results were obtained with the enzymes present in cytosolic fractions. Mouse, chicken, frog and rat crude mitochondrial and soluble fractions were tested, but only mouse isoenzymes reacted. The localizations of mitochondrial and cytosolic cysteine sulfinate transaminases were studied in the rat olfactory bulb and retina. The mitochondrial enzyme was found essentially in the plexiform, glomeruli and mitral cell layers of the olfactory bulb, and in the inner segment and external plexiform layer of the retina, whereas the cytosolic enzyme was located mainly in the granule cell areas of the olfactory bulb and in the nuclear layer of the retina. These results revealed a lack of organ specificity, an interspecies specificity, and a specific localization indicating specific roles for both isoenzymes. PMID- 6781709 TI - The inulin space of the lamprey spinal cord. AB - The distribution of [14C]inulin was measured in isolated spinal cords of larval and feeding stage adult forms of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and expressed in per cent of total cord wet weight. In larval cord the apparent inulin space reached a plateau value of 32--33% within 2.5. min. This correlates well with electrophysiological experiments in which 10(-7) M tetrodotoxin added to the perfusion fluid blocked the responses of giant interneurons to both intracellular and rostral cord stimulation in 1 to 2 min. Thus the plateau level of inulin space probably represents the extracellular space. [14C]Mannitol did not reach a steady distribution space even after 30 min of incubation. Therefore, mannitol is not an accurate extracellular space indicator in the isolated lamprey spinal cord. The inulin space increased with increasing temperature of incubation. Average inulin spaces for larval spinal cords incubated at 5, 10 and 22 degrees C were approximately 26%, 33% and 42% respectively. The inulin space of isolated adult lamprey spinal cords was about 18--19%. Since in larvae the inulin space did not vary consistently with the sizes (and therefore presumably the ages) of the animals, it is likely that the reduction in inulin space during maturation does not occur gradually during the larval phase, but probably occurs during transformation. The difference between the inulin spaces of isolated larval and adult spinal cords is reflected qualitatively in the electron microscopic appearance of the extracellular space. We conclude that the inulin space in the lamprey spinal cord behaves similarly to the picture of the mammalian brain extracellular space which has emerged in recent years. Because of the rapidity of inulin diffusion in the lamprey cord and the unambiguous time-dependent behavior of the inulin space of the isolated lamprey cord, the latter would seem to be useful model for the extracellular space of the vertebrate central nervous system. PMID- 6781710 TI - Phylogeny of histamine in vertebrate brain. AB - Measurement of histamine and its metabolizing enzymes in a variety of chordate species indicated that histamine and histamine methyltransferase were present in brain of all vertebrate species with a recognizable brain structure. Diamine oxidase was absent in mammalian brain but was present in brain of lower vertebrates. Histamine levels were especially high in amphibia and fish brains, in which the phylogenetically newer parts of the brain were less well-developed. In the spiny dogfish (as in mammals), brain histamine levels were highest in the midbrain regions. In contrast to brain, histamine levels were low in muscle, skin and intestine of all aquatic species. PMID- 6781711 TI - Central administration of serine causes hypothermia and inhibits fever in rabbits. AB - When serine, a precursor of taurine, was injected into the lateral ventricle (ICV), it caused dose-related decreases in rectal temperature of rabbits in a cold environment (10 degrees C) but had little effect in a thermoneutral environment or in the heat (30 degrees C). Induction of fever by IV leukocytic pyrogen was inhibited by serine given ICV in a single injection, in two injections 30 min apart, or when infused for one hour in a thermoneutral environment; a single injection also inhibited fever in the heat. Reduction of body temperature in the cold and prevention of fever development in a thermoneutral environment were associated with vasodilatation of the ears; the inhibition of fever development in the heat, with suppression of vasoconstriction. The hyperthermic response to ICV PGE2 (500 ng) was also inhibited by pretreatment with serine in both thermoneutral and hot environments. When serine and taurine were injected together ICV in a cold environment, the reductions in body temperature were consistent with an additive action of the two amino acids. The increased effects of acute serine injections over infusions of even greater amounts of the amino acid suggest that large doses of serine can influence early inward transport of endogenous pyrogen. Serine appears to inhibit activity in central pathways which mediate both heat production and heat conservation, possibly at the same receptor sites as taurine. Unlike taurine, however, serine infusion does not augment and prolong fever when infusion is stopped and it is unlikely that this amino acid influences inactivation of endogenous pyrogen that reaches the brain. PMID- 6781712 TI - Comparison of the effects of central administration of serine and glycine on body temperature of the rabbit. AB - In previous research, intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of serine (1-4 mg) caused dose-related hypothermia in rabbits and reduced rises in body temperature caused by leukocytic pyrogen (LP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGEs). Since serine is the major precursor of the putative neurotransmitter glycine, these effects of serine may be due to its conversion to glycine. To assess this possibility, glycine was administered centrally to see if its effects on body temperature are similar to those of serine. ICV injections of glycine (0.25-1.0 mg) caused dose related decreased in body temperature in a 10 degrees C environment but had no significant effect at 23 degrees C. Glycine (1 mg) delayed the normal rise in temperature in 30 degrees C environment and reduced LP fever and PGE2 hyperthermia. ICV glycine and serine in combination were, however, subadditive in producing hypothermia, which suggests that these amino acids act at different central sites. A difference in the interaction of serine and glycine with strychnine in producing hypothermia also suggests that the action of serine is not entirely mediated by glycine. Since serine and glycine have similar effects on normal body temperature and fever some portion of the effects of serine may be caused by its conversion to glycine. The subadditivity data and the difference in temperature effects when the amino acids are given with strychnine suggest that serine and glycine probably have separate central sites of action. PMID- 6781713 TI - Efferents from the medial anterior hypothalamic area in the guinea pig. AB - Medial anterior hypothalamic connections were studied with H3-proline and autoradiography. Most of the axons projected to other hypothalamic nuclei. The major pathways were found ventral medial to the fornix and in the periventricular tract. Substantial projections were apparent in the ventromedial and dorsomedial nuclei with less label in the arcuate nucleus. The dorsal premammillary nuclei were labeled bilaterally, particularly with more caudal injections of anterior hypothalamus. Efferents were evident in the posterior hypothalamus and continued into the central gray of the midbrain. Labeled fibers reached the ventral tegmental area and in the reticular formation were traced only through pons. Rostral projections were to the medial and lateral preoptic areas and ventral lateral septum. The bed nucleus of stria terminals was labeled a very few fibers reached the medial amygdaloid nucleus. The periventricular nucleus of thalamus was labeled. PMID- 6781714 TI - Effects on breathing of putative neurotransmitters in the rostral hypothalamus of the rat. AB - The putative neurotransmitters norepinephrine (NE) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) are normally present in the rostral hypothalamic region (RHT) of the rat, and our aim was to evaluate possible effects of these agents on ventilatory regulations associated with this region. Using haloperidol tranquilized Sprague-Dawley rats, microinfusions of both NE and TRH into the RHT resulted in an increase in rate, but not depth, of breathing. Control infusions and control infusion sites, mainly in the posterior hypothalamus, yielded no significant effect on breathing rate. Since NE and TRH can inhibit the discharge of some cells in the RHT, it was possible that the observed effects on breathing were due to depression of an inhibitory neural pathway. This idea was further tested by performing microinfusions using lidocaine. Evidence suggests that lidocaine can inhibit discharge in the central nervous system and that inhibitory pathways may be preferentially affected. Lidocaine produced effects on breathing comparable to NE and TRH, thereby supporting the proposition that inhibition of neural pathways in the RHT can stimulate breathing. PMID- 6781715 TI - Case report: intraoperative system tumor embolism. AB - Systemic tumor embolism may rarely occur during pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma and result in fatality. A successful removal of a saddle embolus consisting of tumor tissue at the bifurcation of the aorta following lobectomy for squamous cell carcinoma is reported. PMID- 6781717 TI - Opinion: the validity of animal studies with chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6781716 TI - A tribute to Harold S. Diehl, M.D. (1891-1973)--changing patterns of smoking and disease. PMID- 6781718 TI - Examining the hypopharynx. PMID- 6781719 TI - Cancer and placebos. PMID- 6781720 TI - The evolving surgical treatment of rectum and colon cancer. PMID- 6781721 TI - The impact of providing physicians with quit-smoking materials for smoking patients. PMID- 6781722 TI - The diagnosis and management of common skin cancers. PMID- 6781723 TI - Laetrile: a lesson in cancer quackery. PMID- 6781724 TI - Prostate Cancer: continuing progress. PMID- 6781725 TI - Paget's disease of bone: a slow virus infection? PMID- 6781726 TI - Effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone remodeling. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone remodeling in dogs with osteomalacia induced by vitamin D depletion. To assess the rates of skeletal remodeling, intravital tetracycline labeling and morphometry of surface pattern were employed. Either vitamin D3 derivative accelerated the appositional growth rate, increased the percentage of osteoid seams labeled, and decreased the number, width, and perimeter of new osteoid seams. But the derivatives differed in bone resorbing activity: 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 increased the number and perimeter of resorption sites whereas 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased them. Thus the results show that the former is a better bone remodeler while the latter may be useful in treating osteoporosis. PMID- 6781727 TI - Effects of fluoride, calcium, and phosphate administration on mineralization in rats. AB - Seven days before a fluoride injection of 20 mg sodium fluoride per kg body weight, 3-month-old rats grown on a standard pellet diet containing 0.8% calcium and 1.4% phosphate were given a diet of rice with only 0.025% calcium and 0.1% phosphate. Microradiographs of the continuously growing incisors showed a hypermineralized and subsequent hypomineralized zone. Blood analysis demonstrated a decrease and a subsequent reestablishment of plasma calcium concentration. In some experiments calcium and phosphate were administered to compensate the hypocalcemia which prevented the hypomineralized zone from arising. A delay of calcium and phosphate administration led to formation of a mineralized band within the hypomineralized zone. The results are discussed with reference to calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6781728 TI - Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology in magnesium deficient rats. AB - Calcium homeostasis and bone pathology were studied in weanling rats fed a low (70 ppm) magnesium diet for 2-21 days. The rats developed significant, progressive hypercalcemia after 6 days on the diet. The increase in blood calcium was accompanied by progressive hypoactivity of the parathyroid gland (PTG), as determined by histologic and morphometric analyses. Thus hyperactivity of the PTG could not have been responsible for the hypercalcemia observed. Histologic examination of femora and humeri from magnesium-deficient rats showed progressive subperiosteal hyperplasia, consisting of undifferentiated osteoprogenitor cells and fibrous tissue, after 7 days of deficiency. The presence of unmineralized osteoid tissue in the metaphyses indicated that mineralization was not proceeding normally. The alterations in differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells, together with the failure of mineralization, resulted in significantly lower rates of bone formation (as measured by fluorochrome labeling) in the magnesium-deficient rats. Basophilic cementing lines and inactive osteocytes in the cortices of bones from magnesium-deficient rats indicated that bone resorption was also severely reduced in magnesium deficiency. We postulate that bone magnesium depletion (66% by day 21) has a direct negative effect on osteoblastic and osteocytic activity, and may explain, in part, the decreased responsiveness of bone to parathyroid hormone (PTH) that has been observed in magnesium-deficient animals. PMID- 6781729 TI - Demonstration and preliminary characterization of bone resorbing activity in freeze-dried gingiva of dogs. AB - The bone resorbing activity of suspensions or supernatants of freeze-dried powdered gingiva was studied by measuring the release of 45Ca from prelabeled fetal rat long bones in organ culture. Two preparations of noninflamed attached gingiva showed no bone resorbing activity, whereas all six preparations of inflamed marginal gingiva tested showed a dose-related stimulation of 45Ca release. Evidence of an osteoclastic mechanism was provided by the inhibition of the bone resorbing activity by calcitonin and cortisol and the minimal activity observed on dead bones. The activity was heat stable and not blocked by human serum. Three different prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors did not inhibit the activity. Immunoassay showed that PGE was present in gingival powder preparations at concentrations in the range 229-2438 pg/mg dry weight. This was insufficient to account for the observed bone resorbing activity by a factor of 50-350. It was concluded that in addition to PGE, inflamed gingiva contains other heat-stable bone resorbing factor(s). PMID- 6781731 TI - Effect of low calcium and low phosphorus diets on the intestinal absorption of water in intact and parathyroidectomized pigs. AB - Young pigs, each surgically prepared beforehand with a Thiry-Vella loop of jejunum, were used to study the effect of feeding low calcium and low phosphorus diets on the intestinal absorption of water. Feeding a low phosphorus diet caused a highly significant stimulation in the absorption of water in parathyroid gland intact and parathyroidectomized pigs; low calcium diets were without effect. PMID- 6781730 TI - Phosphoprotein modulation of apatite crystallization. AB - Several phosphoprotein preparations (phosvitin, rat incisor and fetal calf molar dentin phosphoproteins) all inhibit apatite growth/replication from pre-existing crystal seeds in metastable solutions. Two stages of the crystal growth process were inhibited by these phosphoproteins. First an initial lag period was induced, probably associated with seed surface phenomena. This period was prolonged indefinitely when a combination of phosphoprotein precoated seeds was used together with soluble phosphoproteins in the crystal growth reaction. Second, the phosphoproteins prolonged that stage of the reaction where octacalcium phosphate is the predominant mineral phase present prior to its conversion to the final apatite product. Pre-treatment of the phosphoproteins with calcium diminished their inhibitory activity to seeded crystal growth as well as towards de novo apatite formation in synthetic extracellular fluids. The presence of collagen diminished the inhibitory activity of the phosphoproteins towards de novo precipitation but had no effect on phosphoprotein-modulated apatite crystal growth in the seeded systems. These results suggest a potential regulatory role for phosphoproteins in dentin mineralization. PMID- 6781732 TI - Piezoelectricity in collagen films. AB - Tissue collagen exhibits several levels of structural organization, and this complicates efforts to determine the origin of its piezoelectricity. We made collagen films-by evaporation and electrodeposition from solution-and examined the relation between collagen's piezoelectricity and its electron microscopic appearance. We found that the electrodeposited films were more organized and exhibited higher piezoelectric coefficients than the evaporated films. Despite this, the evaporated films were piezoelectric, thereby suggesting that the effect originates either at the level of the tropocollagen molecule or, at most, with aggregated structures no larger than 50 A in diameter. PMID- 6781733 TI - Limitations of radioactive microspheres as tracers for bone blood flow and extraction ratio studies. AB - Radioactive microspheres have been used for measuring bone blood flow and the extraction ratios of bone-seeking radionuclides, but we have shown that the technique is not completely valid. Bone uptake of 18F and 85Sr was compared with that of microspheres simultaneously injected into the heart or aorta of rats and rabbits under a variety of conditions. In single-passage experiments with quick killing to avoid recirculation, attention was focused on the tibiae and femora which could be dissected quickly to avoid post-mortem migration. For the rest of the skeleton, the effect of the latter was minimized by allowing recirculation for 5 min and comparing blood flow determinations in conjunction wit a cardiac output measurement. The apparent extraction ratio of 18F was variable and always exceeded unity in the single-passage experiments. With recirculation, there were significant differences between the extraction ratios for some bones, and the ratios sometimes exceeded unity. Extraction ratios for 85Sr were similarly variable, but lower. When 85Sr was compared directly with 18F, the relative extraction ratio was 0.8, with little variation between bones or animals. It is concluded that the flux of microspheres entering the vasculature of bone is not representative of blood flow, owing to the removal of some microspheres in pre osseous capillary beds. Microspheres are therefore not a satisfactory standard for the determination of extraction ratios. PMID- 6781734 TI - Outpatient groups for schizophrenia--ensuring attendance. AB - This paper describes the author's experience with outpatient groups in schizophrenia and explores the process of ensuring active attendance. Necessary ingredients are the provision of immediate, tangible rewards to patients and therapists, constancy, flexibility, and the long-term benefits of social learning. PMID- 6781735 TI - Total parenteral nutrition: down to the basics. PMID- 6781736 TI - Nutritional assessment of allogeneic bone marrow recipients. PMID- 6781737 TI - Mode of inhibition of tumor cell ribonucleotide reductase by 2,3-dihydro-1H pyrazolo[2,3-a]imidazole (NSC 51143). AB - 2,3-Dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[2,3-a]imidazole (NSC 51143; IMPY) inhibits partially purified ribonucleotide reductase from Ehrlich tumor cells. Both cytidine 5' diphosphate and adenosine 5'-diphosphate reductase activities were inhibited by IMPY, although adenosine 5'-diphosphate reductase activity was inhibited to a greater extent than was cytidine 5'-diphosphate reductase activity at all concentrations of IMPY studied. The inhibition of the intact enzyme by IMPY could be reversed by the addition of the exogenous non-heme iron-containing subunit (tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane fraction) but not by the addition of the effector-binding subunit. Further, the inhibition of the intact enzyme or the tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane fraction by IMPY could be reversed by the addition of 6 microM Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2, and the inhibition of IMPY could be potentiated by 0.167 mM ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. These results demonstrate that IMPY inhibits tumor cell nucleotide reductase by interaction with the iron of the non-heme iron-containing subunit. PMID- 6781738 TI - Effects of sequential exposure to aflatoxin B1 and diethylnitrosamine on vascular and stomach tissue and additional target organs in rats. AB - Male weanling rats were given a standard amount (375 micrograms) of aflatoxin B1; some were then exposed to dietary diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in varying concentrations ranging from 5 to 80 ppm for 20 weeks. They were maintained for an additional period of time following DEN exposure and then killed for gross and microscopic examination. DEN at 5 ppm did not enhance aflatoxin B1 liver carcinogenesis. Ten ppm or more of DEN, however, enhanced liver carcinogenesis and introduced two additional target organs; angiosarcomas of the lung and squamous cell carcinomas of the stomach types of tumors which have not been observed after treatment with DEN alone, were noted. PMID- 6781739 TI - Studies on the pharmacology and cytokinetics of 2,3-dihydro-1H-imadazo[1,2 b]pyrazole (NSC 51143) with P815 mastocytoma cells. AB - A study has been made of the biochemical, cytokinetic, and pharmacological effects of pyrazole-imidazole (NSC 51143) (IMPY) on P815 mastocytoma ascites cells maintained in mice and of cells maintained in culture. The distribution phase of IMPY equivalents from the peritoneal fluid of the mouse was found to be two hr, with an elimination phase of 69 hr. No consistent alteration in the ribonucleotide pools of the ascites tumor cells in vivo was observed by high pressure liquid chromatography using i.p. doses of IMPY up to 1000 mg/kg (25% increase in survival). Correspondingly, no significant alteration occurred in the proportion of cells in G0, G1, S, or G2 + M in vivo by flow cytometric analysis. This is in contrast to the in vitro data which showed a signifcant blockage in S phase (50% effective dose, 1.6 x 10(-4) M). Using Dowex 1 chromatography of extracts from ascites tumor cells treated with IMPY in vivo, several intracellular drug metabolites were detected, and their proportion was noted to change with time. No such metabolism was detected in vitro. Some radiolabeled drug was detected in RNA and DNA from the cold, acid-insoluble fraction of ascites tumor cells. Analysis of alkaline sucrose sedimentation indicated that part of the radiolabeled IMPY was in the heavy-sedimenting DNA fraction. PMID- 6781740 TI - Use of the isolated perfused rat liver to study carcinogen-DNA adduct formation from aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. PMID- 6781741 TI - Effects of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline on cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of Ehrlich ascites cells. AB - The interactions of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and 1,10 phenanthroline with Ehrlich cells have been studied. Both compounds inhibit proliferation of cells in culture. After long-term incubation of cells with these metal-chelating agents under conditions in which cell viability is not impaired but proliferation is retarded, the rate of DNA synthesis of EDTA-exposed cells is the same as that of untreated controls, whereas the rate of DNA synthesis of 1,10 phenanthroline-exposed cells is markedly reduced. This is in agreement with the inhibition of short-term DNA synthesis by similar concentrations of 1,10 phenanthroline as well as the lack of effect of EDTA upon DNA synthesis. The rapid direct effect of 1,10-phenanthroline upon cells in S phase is consistent with the finding that a large fraction of this metal-binding ligand but not of EDTA can be readily taken up by cells. These results differ in significant ways from the response of Ehrlich cells in vivo to host zinc deficiency. Finally, titration of ligand-treated cell cultures with zinc reverses the inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in a linear manner, suggesting that the removal of ligand by complexation and the addition of a previous unavailable essential metal is occurring in these reactions. PMID- 6781742 TI - Abnormal regulation of methylthioadenosine and polyamine metabolism in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-deficient human leukemic cell lines. AB - Approximately 30 to 40% of human leukemic cell lines are completely deficient in the purine catabolic enzyme 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase. Using two 5' methylthioadenosine phosphorylase-negative leukemias, we have for the first time been able to measure the synthesis and biological effects of 5' methylthioadenosine (MTA) in intact mammalian tumor cells. Malignant cells lacking this enzyme, unlike enzyme-positive cells, excreted MTA into the culture medium at a rate of 0.58 to 0.70 nmol/hr/mg protein. The production of the nucleoside was inhibited effectively by nontoxic concentrations of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), a putrescine-depending S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase inhibitor, and also by spermidine and spermine but was enhanced by putrescine. In a reciprocal fashion, MTA at low concentrations progressively increased both the synthesis and concentration of putrescine but suppressed spermine production. The unique alterations in polyamine metabolism induced by elevated MTA levels could offer a selective growth advantage to the 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient cells and thus may be related to the high frequency of this enzyme deficiency among human leukemic cell lines. PMID- 6781744 TI - Effect of normal allogeneic lymphoid cell transfer in combination with chemotherapy on a transplantable tumor in rats. AB - In combination with chemotherapy [ftorafur (FT)], allogeneic lymphoid cells were transferred to inhibit the growth of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced transplantable KMT-17 fibrosarcoma in Wistar-King-Aptekman/Hok rats. The transference of allogeneic lymphoid cells 4 days after tumor inoculation did not prove effective in inhibiting the growth of the tumor; administration of FT (300 mg/kg) on Day 3 resulted in a 16.7% survival rate. However, a combination of the transfer of cells and administration of FT resulted in an improved effect of 55.0%. A low dose of FT (100 mg/kg) also increased the therapeutic effect in combination with allogeneic lymphoid cell transfer (28.0%). However, a high dose of FT (500 mg/kg) did not increase the therapeutic effect (30.0%), even if combined with allogeneic lymphoid cell transfer on Day 2, 4, 6, or 9, although a high dose of FT administered alone on Day 4 showed a direct antitumor effect (32.0%). This effect was rather diminished when the transfer was combined on Day 2. (7.1%). The differences in the combination effect of doses of FT seem to depend on the immune status of the host induced by treatment with FT. In order to investigate the mechanism of combination timing of FT and allogeneic lymphoid cell transfer, the specific delayed hypersensitivity reaction to KMT-17 tumor was assayed by the radioisotopic footpad method. The specific delayed hypersensitivity reaction was strengthened by an injection of FT (300 mg/kg). PMID- 6781743 TI - Evaluation of metabolic activation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in vitro by aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9 fraction. AB - Short-term assays for detection of chemical carcinogens frequently rely on an Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9 fraction for metabolic activation of test compounds. The ability of this in vitro system to reproduce the activation occurring in target tissue was investigated by examining the DNA adducts produced when the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogen, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), was incubated with the S-9 fraction and calf thymus DNA. Analyses by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography of hydrocarbon deoxyribonucleoside adducts obtained after enzymic digestion of the [3H]DMBA modified DNA revealed that the products of binding of DMBA to DNA in the presence of the S-9 fraction vary with the relative concentration of DMBA to S-9 fraction. Further analyses of these adducts by high-pressure liquid chromatography in the presence of the diol-epoxide-DNA adduct (isolated from mouse embryo cells exposed to [14C]DMBA) and chemically synthesized ultraviolet-absorbing markers of DMBA 5,6-oxide-deoxyribonucleoside adducts showed that, at high DMBA-S-9 ratios, DMBA 5,6-oxide-deoxyriboiucleoside adducts were prominent among the products while, at low DMBA-S-9 ratios, the products included the diol-epoxide-DNA adduct found in target tissue. However, this adduct was always accompanied by other adducts not found in intact cellular systems. Inclusion of a metabolic inhibitor (1,1,1 trichloropropylene oxide) in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay demonstrated that high levels of revertants can be obtained from rat liver S-9 fraction-activated DMBA under conditions which should prohibit formation of the diol-epoxide. These results suggest that Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9 fraction does not exactly reproduce the metabolic activation of this particular carcinogen in vivo and therefore should not be assumed to do this for other carcinogens. PMID- 6781745 TI - Preclinical toxicologic evaluation of ICRF-187 in dogs. AB - Single- and multiple-treatment schedule in dogs were used to evaluate the toxicity of ICRF-187. The major target organs were the bone marrow, lymphoid tissue, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and kidney. Liver, kidney, and intestinal toxic effects were most severe at lethal doses. Toxic effects on the kidney and intestinal tract were reduced or absent at lower doses. Hepatotoxicity was most severe after single doses and was only slowly reversible at high doses. Repeated dosage regimens had the greatest effect on circulating blood cells, and anemia and neutropenia were most prominent after three series of five daily doses with rest periods between series. ICRF-187 was more toxic to dogs in terms of total dose received when administered in five daily doses than in single doses. A rest period between series of five daily doses allowed a larger total dose to be administered. PMID- 6781746 TI - Phase I study of pentamethylmelamine. AB - Pentamethylmelamine is a soluble monodemethylated derivative of hexamethylmelamine. Its activity in animal tumors is similar to that of hexamethylmelamine. When given iv at a dose of 1200 mg/m2 to patients with advanced cancer, it produced severe nausea and vomiting, severe psychotropic effects, and EEG changes. When this dose was given for 10 consecutive days, there was marked but reversible myelosuppression. The severe CNS effects which occurred at doses sufficient to produce myelosuppression cast doubt on the potential utility of pentamethylmelamine. PMID- 6781747 TI - Phase I trial of pentamethylmelamine in patients with previously treated malignancies. AB - Pentamethylmelamine (PMM), a demethylated soluble analog of hexamethylmelamine, was given to 35 patients with solid tumors in a phase I clinical trial. Thirty patients were given single doses ranging from 80 to 2000 mg/m2 in a 2-hour infusion every 3 weeks. Once a maximum tolerated dose was defined for this schedule, an additional five new patients plus four patients who had already received PMM were treated on a multiple-dose schedule of PMM given three times a week every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (M-W-F) for 4 weeks. Dose-limiting toxic effects for the single-dose schedule were in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract, manifested by nausea (60%), vomiting (49%), somnolence (37%), depression (6%), and headache (6%). Other toxic effects observed on this schedule included anorexia (34%), diarrhea (7%), and diaphoresis (21%). The toxic effects were first observed in mild form at 400 mg/m2/dose and became progressively more severe and prolonged with each dose escalation; they were considered intolerable at the 2000-mg/m2 dose level in all patients treated. The nine patients receiving the multiple-dose schedule were given PMM at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 three times a week (M-W-F). This level produced dose-limited nausea and vomiting in all patients so that no patient completed greater than 3 weeks of treatment on this schedule. One patient developed PMM-related visual hallucinations. PMM produced no hematologic, hepatic, renal, allergic, or acute side effects; no alopecia was observed. Minor tumor regressions of 1 month's duration were seen in two patients, one with pleural mesothelioma and one with a parotid gland tumor. The recommended doses for solid tumor phase II studies are 1500 mg/m2 given as a 2-hour infusion every 3 weeks and 1000 mg/m2 given three times a week (M-W-F), repeated at 3-week intervals. PMID- 6781748 TI - Purification and biochemical characterization of a mouse submandibular sialomucin. AB - A sialomucin from the mouse submandibular gland was isolated and purified by a protocol involving Sephacryl S-200 chromatography, acidic dialysis, and preparative, poly(acrylamide)-gel electrophoresis. The mucus glycoprotein was judged to be free from contaminants by analytical and sodium dodecyl sulfate poly(acrylamide)-gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunodiffusion when made visible by Stains-all, periodic acid-Schiff reagent, and Coomassie Blue. The carbohydrate portion constituted 81% of the weight of the mucus glycoprotein, and was composed of 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose, sialic acid, D galactose, and D-mannose. Neither L-fucose nor sulfate was detected. The aliphatic amino acids constituted 60% of the protein core. The sialomucin has an apparent mol. wt. of 140,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, and a pI of 2.77-3.63 by isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6781750 TI - Pipecolic acid: origin, biosynthesis and metabolism in the brain. PMID- 6781749 TI - Effect on rat caries of endogenous and exogenous hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6781751 TI - Developmental changes and localization of carbonic anhydrase in cerebral hemispheres of the rat and in rat glial cell cultures. PMID- 6781752 TI - [Isolation of specific binding protein for folic acid with the aid of rivanol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781753 TI - Establishment of regional differences in brush border enzymatic activities during the development of fetal mouse small intestine. AB - In order to study the establishment of regional differences in brush border enzymic activities during the development of fetal mouse small intestine we have followed (1) the differentiation of microvilli by morphometry, and (2) the developmental pattern of three brush border enzymes (lactase, glucoamylase and alkaline phosphatase). From day 16 to day 19 of gestation, the height of duodenal microvilli increases 2.4 times on the absorptive cells located near the tip of the villi. During the same period in the upper half of the duodenal villi, the number of microvilli per square micrometer rises by a factor of 2.4 and the microvillous surface area increases by a factor of 5.2. The differentiation of ileal microvilli follows a similar pattern but they are always shorter and less numerous than those of the duodenum. Lactase activity appears at 18 days of gestation; the other two brush border enzymes are first detected at 16 days of gestation. Afterwards all three enzyme activities increase rapidly and a decreasing gradient of activity is established from the proximal to the distal segment of the small intestine. Hence, the structural development of the microvilli and the appearance of brush border enzyme activities occur simultaneously and a proximo-distal gradient is already established at 16 days of gestation. PMID- 6781754 TI - Mechanism of nitroglycerin-induced hypoxemia. AB - We and others have previously demonstrated a consistent significant decline in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) after sublingual nitroglycerin in premedicated and unpremedicated patients both with and without coronary artery disease and/or obstructive ventilatory disease. Thus, in our 19 patients, PaO2 fell by an average of 17% (12 mm Hg), mean systemic arterial pressure by 19% (17 mm Hg), pulmonary arterial pressure by 38% (6 mm Hg), pulmonary arterial occlusive pressure by 62% (5.3 mm Hg), and cardiac index by 16% (0.37 liter/min/m2) [P less than 0.001 for each] after nitroglycerin. Previous experimental studies suggest that the mechanism for the reduction of PaO2 may be relief of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction with an increase in perfusion to poorly ventilated or nonventilated regions of the lungs. To examine this possibility, pulmonary vasodilatation was precluded by administration of a pulmonary vasoconstrictor (phenylephrine) simultaneously with nitroglycerin in nine patients with coronary artery disease. No significant change was observed in systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusive pressure, or systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance, and PaO2 did not decline. In ten other patients with coronary artery disease, the intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt fraction was determined before and after sublingual nitroglycerin; only a minimal increase in shunt fraction of 1.4% was observed, quantitatively insufficient to account for the observed decline in PaO2, thus excluding a predominant effect of nitroglycerin on nonventilated alveoli as a cause of the hypoxemia. We conclude that the reduction of PaO2 after nitroglycerin administration is attributable to pulmonary vasodilatation with a relative increase in perfusion of poorly ventilated lung units. PMID- 6781755 TI - Recommendations for use of ergonovine to provoke coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6781756 TI - Repetitive sequences in class-switch recombination regions of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes. AB - Immunoglobulin class switch involves a unique recombination event that takes place at the region 5' to each heavy chain constant region gene during B lymphocyte differentiation. Such regions that are responsible for the class switch recombination are defined as S regions (Kataoka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 919, 1980). We have cloned a rearranged gamma 2b gene from a mouse myeloma (MPC11) and compared its structure with the germ line counterparts. The rearranged gamma 2b gene contained the 5' flanking region of the gamma 3 gene (S gamma 3 region) which are linked to the 5' flanking region of the gamma 2b gene (S gamma 2b region). We have determined nucleotide sequences surrounding the recombination site of the rearranged and germ line gamma 2b genes, which include the S gamma 2b and S gamma 3 regions. Both gamma 2b and S gamma 3 regions comprise tandem repetition of conserved units of 49 bp. Similar 49 bp repeating units are also found in the previously determined sequence of the S gamma 1 region in which class-switch recombination took place in MC101 myeloma. The nucleotide sequences of the S gamma 1, S gamma 2b and S gamma 3 repeating units share significant homology with each other. The S mu region, partial nucleotide sequence of which was previously determined, contains abundant short sequences such as AGCT, TGGG and AGCTGGGG which are shared in common by repeating sequences in S gamma regions. These results suggest that the recombination responsible for class switch from mu to gamma or from a gamma to another gamma, may be facilitated directly or indirectly by homology of repeating sequences in S regions. PMID- 6781758 TI - B lymphocyte differentiation and the control of IgM mu chain expression. AB - The biosynthesis of IgM mu polypeptides was studied in isolated populations of normal B lymphocytes and in various IgM-producing cell lines. Membrane and secretory mu were found to be distinct polypeptide species, with separate biosynthetic intermediates from the translation stage onwards. Various B cell populations express different portions of the two biosynthetic mu pathways. Normal, resting small B lymphocytes do not secrete detectable mu and lack the ater intermediate forms of secretory mu. However, they apparently possess, and translate, secretory mu mRNA, and show earlier secretory mu intermediate protein forms. Resting B cells thus exert posttranslational control over secretory mu expression. Since the later intermediate forms of secretory mu, which are lacking in small B cells, are due to carbohydrate modifications of the mu chain, it is suggested that the carbohydrate portion may be involved in regulating the expression of the secretory mu glycoprotein. In contrast to small B cells, highly differentiated IgM-secreting cells control the expression of membrane mu by a pretranslational mechanism. PMID- 6781757 TI - Expression of J chain RNA in cell lines representing different stages of B lymphocyte differentiation. AB - During B cell differentiation to pentamer IgM secretion, synthesis of the pentamer joining component, the J chain, is initiated. We investigated the mechanism for initiating J chain synthesis by analyzing murine cell lines representing different stages in B cell differentiation. The expression of functional J chain mRNA was evaluated by cell-free translation and specific immunoprecipitation of a J chain product. The expression of precursor mRNA was examined by hybridization with a J chain probe obtained by molecular cloning of cDNA. No J chain-specific RNA could be demonstrated in a lymphoma line representative of an undifferentiated B lymphocyte, but three species of J chain RNA were identified in hybrid cell lines representative of IgM-secreting plasma cells: a mature message of approximately 1.5 kb and two minor components of 2.5 and 0.92 kb. The encounter of a B cell with antigen or mitogen must therefore trigger events that effect either transcription of J chain sequences or their intranuclear stabilization. PMID- 6781759 TI - The molecular cloning of a dispersed set of developmentally regulated genes which encode the major larval serum protein of D. melanogaster. AB - We have isolated chromosomal segments of D. melanogaster DNA that encode the alpha, beta and gamma polypeptides of the major larval serum protein (LSP1) from libraries of recombinant phage. The recombinant DNAs hybridize in situ to polytene chromosome regions 11A, 21D of 61A, consistent with the known cytogenetic positions of the alpha, beta and gamma genes, respectively. The three genes each encode a 2.85 kb polyadenylated RNA molecule. We have positioned these coding sequences, by both Southern hybridization analysis and R loop mapping. Heteroduplex analysis reveals comparatively close homology between the alpha and beta genes, less homology between the beta and gamma genes and least homology between the alpha and gamma genes. PMID- 6781760 TI - In vitro translation of Drosophila heat-shock and non--heat-shock mRNAs in heterologous and homologous cell-free systems. AB - Upon heat shock, Drosophila Kc cells still contain normal cellular messenger RNAs in the cytoplasm. The distribution of these 25 degrees C mRNAs between polysomes and the postpolysomal fraction of heat-shocked cells appears unaltered as compared with control cells. The translatability of these normal cellular messages isolated from heat-shocked and non--heat-shocked Kc cells is unaltered when analyzed by in vitro translation in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate. In contrast, homologous cell-free translation systems obtained from Kc cells effectively discriminate between the in vitro translation of normal cellular messages and heat-shock--specific mRNAs. In particular, a cell-free system from heat-shocked Drosophila Kc cells almost completely shuts down the translation of 25 degrees C messenger RNA species, whereas the translatability of heat-shock- specific messenger RNA appears to be unaffected. PMID- 6781761 TI - A sporulation-induced sigma-like regulatory protein from B. subtilis. AB - We have isolated a sigma-like regulatory protein termed sigma 29 whose synthesis or association with Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase was induced during spore formation. sigma 29 is a sporulation-specific component of RNA polymerase as it was absent in enzyme from an early-blocked sporulation mutant (SpoOA). We have demonstrated specific RNA synthesis by sigma 29-RNA polymerase using as a DNA template a cloned cluster of vegetative and sporulation genes from the purA-cysA region of the B. subtilis chromosome. The pattern of gene recognition by sigma 29 RNA polymerase was distinct from that observed for RNA polymerases containing sigma 55 or sigma 37, species of sigma factor that are present in vegetative cells of B. subtilis. A reconstitution experiment in which purified sigma 29 was added to core RNA polymerase demonstrates that sigma 29 was directly responsible for the altered transcriptional specificity of sporulation RNA polymerase. We propose that sigma 29 is a regulatory protein that controls developmental gene transcription at an early stage of spore formation. PMID- 6781762 TI - Tumor cell killing by macrophages activated in vitro with lymphocyte mediators. 5. Role of proteases, inhibitors, and substrates. PMID- 6781763 TI - The blocking activity of antisera raised to either tumor antigens or alloantigens in cytotoxicity assays using syngeneic or allogeneic killer cells on the P815 murine mastocytoma target. PMID- 6781764 TI - Characterization of guinea pig macrophages. I. Mobility and maturation of peritoneal cells following inflammatory stimuli. PMID- 6781765 TI - [Antitubercular agents. XXIII. The effect of testing media on the evaluation of antitubercular activity of thiobenzamides in vitro]. PMID- 6781766 TI - [Antitubercular agents. XXIV. Physical and physico-chemical properties of thiobenzamides. IV. The ultraviolet spectrum and its relation to antitubercular activity]. PMID- 6781767 TI - [GM1 gangliosidosis]. PMID- 6781768 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls as inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes: effects of di-ortho substitution. AB - All of the 13 possible polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) isomers and congeners substituted at both para positions, at least two meta positions (but not necessarily on the same ring) and at two ortho positions have been synthesized and tested as rat hepatic microsomal enzyme inducers. The effects of these compounds were evaluated by measuring microsomal benzo-[a]pyrene (B[a]P) hydroxylase, 4-chlorobiphenyl (4-CBP) hydroxylase, 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine (DMAP) N-demethylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activities, the cytochrome b5 content and the relative peak intensities and spectral shifts of the carbon monoxide(CO)- and ethylisocyanide(EIC)-difference spectra of ferrocytochrome P 450. The results were compared to the effects of administering phenobarbitone (PB), 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and PB plus MC (coadministered). At dose levels of 150 mumol . kg-1, all of the PCB congeners, except 2,3',4,4',5',6 hexachlorobiphenyl, significantly enhanced hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 content, B[a] P hydroxylase and/or DMAP N-demethylase activities compared to the control (corn oil-treated) animals. Only 5 of these compounds, namely 2,3,4,4',5,6-hexa-, 2,2',3,3',4,4'-hexa-, 2,2',3',4,4',5-hexa-, 2,3,3',4,4',6 hexa-and 2,2',3,3',4,4',5-heptachlorobiphenyl, enhanced microsomal B[a]P hydroxylase, 4-CBP hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and DMAP N demethylase activities in a manner consistent with a mixed pattern of induction. The results suggest that PCB isomers and congeners substituted at both para positions, at least two meta positions, at two ortho positions and containing a 2,3-4-trichloro substitution pattern on one ring are mixed-type inducers; in addition the effects of 2,3,4,4',5,6-hexachlorobiphenyl were also consistent with a mixed pattern of induction. PMID- 6781769 TI - [Functional alterations in the retina following a 10 Gy gamma irradiation localized in the eye]. AB - A single-eye irradiation of 10 Gy (0.8 Gy. min-1) induces impairments of the electrical responses of the rabbit retina in dark adaptation. These are associated with reversible alteration of the photoreceptors and the preganglionic neurons and a disturbance of all the mechanisms of adaptation. Possible relationships between these functional alterations and the effects of irradiation are discussed. PMID- 6781770 TI - [Cytogenic study of Lophocebus albigena (Primate Catarrhini Cercopithecidae). Description of a male karyotype]. AB - GTG chromosomic banding of a male and a female Lophocebus albigena is reported. The chromosome number of the karyotypes is 2 n = 42, characterized by a pair of marked chromosomes and a mediocentric Y chromosome, similar to that of the Lophocebus aterimus. PMID- 6781771 TI - [Anti-elastase of human pancreas: preparation and biological interest]. AB - The present paper deals with the use of a new technique in type II human pancreatic elastase studies based on the use of a reversible immune-adsorbent which provides a unique specificity. According to the type of ligand linked on activated Sepharose, the elastase or its antibody in Rabbit could be obtained, in very pure form, in a one step process. The anti-human pancreatic elastase II, which specifically inhibits the enzyme, may be used in therapy whenever the elastase-inhibitor system becomes unbalanced. PMID- 6781772 TI - [Visceral localization of 14C gentamicin in the rat after administration of a single dose]. AB - When administered intravenously to Rats, 14C Gentamicin decreased very fast in all tissues, except in kidney and cartilage. Some flexures of the small intestine contained radioactive carbon, and that was evidence for the biliary elimination of a part of the aminoglycoside. In animals with water restriction, the distribution of the antibiotic in tissues was similar to the distribution in animals with free access to water. PMID- 6781773 TI - [Harmaline tremor: activity of the interposito-rubral system and of the bulbo ponto-reticular formation]. AB - The effects of tremogenic doses of harmaline have been studied by extracellular unit recordings and 14C 2-deoxyglucose marking in two groups of cats. Harmaline sensitive neurons were found in the lateral reticular nucleus and the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. The nucleus interpositus as well as the red nucleus were also found to be discharging at the tremor frequency, indicating that the cerebello-interposito-rubral system participates in harmaline tremor. In cats with unilateral sections of the inferior cerebellar peduncle, 14C 2-deoxyglucose marking demonstrated that the increased activity previously observed in those structures was a consequence of harmaline acting on the inferior olive. PMID- 6781774 TI - [Horizontal optokinetic nystagmus in the pigeon: role of accessory optical system]. AB - Some characteristics of the horizontal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) have been studied in the pigeon using monocular and binocular stimulations. The OKN is asymmetrical, temporal to nasal stimulation eliciting a larger response than a nasal to temporal one. The role of the accessory optic system (AOS) was studied by means of unilateral or bilateral lesions of the primary relays, nuclei ectomamillaris (nEM) and superficialis synencephali (nSS). Results show the existence of a synergy between nEM and nSS on the same side and between nEM and nSS on opposite sides, whereas each nucleus has an inhibitory effect upon its contralateral homologue. Some evidence was obtained which suggests the existence of an ipsilateral retinal projection to the nEM. PMID- 6781775 TI - [Parietal electrocortical rhythms in the cat: their relation to a behavior of focused attention and possible mesencephalic control through a dopaminergic pathway]. AB - In the Cat, the development of an electrocortical rhythm at 40 Hz (fast "mu" rhythm) is observed in the parietal cortex whenever the subject immobilizes itself in an attitude of focused attention (e.g. when watching a mouse). This rhythm, as well as the accompanying behaviour, seems to be under the control of a dopaminergic mechanism originating from the ventral tegmental mesencephalic area (cellular dopaminergic group A 10). PMID- 6781776 TI - [Binaural disparity for tone thresholds at 4 and 6 kHz: demonstration by iterative audiometry and application of an acoustical stress]. AB - In 24 subjects hearing levels at 4 and 6 kHz were measured 28 times. The ear providing the largest number of best scores manifests itself mainly during recovery of auditory fatigue. The degree with which it manifests itself differs strongly from one frequency to the other. In at least 40% of the cases it is not the same ear. In a majority of cases, it is the right one for both frequencies. On the basis of binomial testing, predominance of either ear at 4 kHz is identified in 12 subjects and at 6 kHz in 6 subjects, predominance at both frequencies being present in 3 of them. PMID- 6781777 TI - [Penicillin resistance due to the production of a beta-lactamase in Clostridium butyricum]. AB - Eight strains of clostridia of the butyricum group, resistant to penicillins were isolated from perinatal infections. MIC's of these strains vary from 1,000 to 3,000 micrograms/ml for benzyl-penicillin, and from 5 to 10 micrograms/ml for cefoxitin. The substrate profile of the enzymes is that of a penicillinase. PMID- 6781778 TI - [Translocation t (8; 21) and acute granulocytic leukemia: interpretation of normal mitoses]. AB - Cytological and cytogenetic studies of nine acute granulocytic leukemia with t (8; 21) translocation were performed from the same bone marrow and blood cell samples. It was shown that the chromosome abnormality was restricted to leukemic cells and that normal metaphases were erythroblast mitoses. Using cell cultures in which only or mainly leukemic cells were able to divide permits easier detection of chromosomal aberrations. These results led us to postulate an inhibitory role of leukemic cells on the division of normal granulocytic cells. PMID- 6781779 TI - [Neoplasm-resistance of guinea pigs: demonstration of a principle ensuring destruction of human cancer cells in culture]. AB - The thymus and the spleen of guinea Pigs treated with oestrogen were rich in cells showing a special inclusion, the Foa-Kurloff body cell (F.K.). Thymic, spleen and renal cellular extracts were obtained by tissue crushing and ultra centrifugation from healthy or oestrogen treated animals. The extracts were added to carcinomatous (HeLa) or to non-carcinomatous cells (MRC5 fibroblasts or foetal human lung cells). The thymic extracts in the non-treated animals and the splenic extracts rich in F.K. body cells induced an inhibition in the growth of carcinomatous cells. These effects were increased with the thymus extracts rich in F.K. bodies. The thymic inclusion of F.K. seems therefore to concentrate tumorous thymic fractions. PMID- 6781780 TI - [Mechanism of the feminization of embryonic chick testis by embryonic rat testis in in vitro culture]. AB - Is the H-Y antigen released by the Rat embryo testis responsible for the feminization of the Chick embryo testis, when culturing both organs side by side in vitro? The results of the present study point rather to testosterone as the feminizing agent. PMID- 6781781 TI - [Development of the glucocorticoid secretion of the adrenal glands of normal chick embryo and after late decapitation]. AB - The competitive protein-binding assay of glucocorticoids in Chick embryo shows a significant increase of these adrenal hormones in plasma by day 13 of incubation. From the effects of the hypothalamo-hypophysis axis removal by late decapitation, we may conclude an hypophyseal control on the adrenal gland on the 13th day. The following decrease of plasmatic hormone concentration might be due to a negative feed-back. The pituitary hormonal control appears again by day 19 of incubation. PMID- 6781782 TI - [Effect of ovine prolactin on plasma testosterone and the male genital tract of Gobius niger L]. AB - The plasma testosterone levels in Fish treated with ovine Prolactin during 10 or 21 days are significantly greater than in controls. Shorter term treatment remains ineffective. The ponderal parameters concerning the testes and the genital accessory glands tend to vary in the same way during the longest term treatments. PMID- 6781783 TI - [Radioimmunologic assay of LH in the pituitary gland of fetal rabbits]. AB - LH was measured by radioimmunology from the 18th day of gestation to birth in 318 male and female pituitary glands. LH was first detectable in the pituitary of 19 day old fetuses of both sexes. In both sexes pituitary LH levels increased from the 18th to the 31st day of gestation with a marked acceleration from the 24th day. LH pituitary levels were not sex-dependent. PMID- 6781784 TI - [Perifusion study of the secretion of calcitonin in the young rat: effect of isoproterenol and theophylline]. AB - A perifusion system was used to study the calcitonin secretion during development in the Rat. In this preliminary report, we have shown that calcitonin secretion increased in response to isoproterenol and theophylline in 14-day-old suckling baby Rats. This method provides a sensitive in vitro system for studying factors which may affect calcitonin release during the perinatal period in the Rat. PMID- 6781785 TI - [Use of the ex vivo vascular perfusion technique in the rat for the study of the intestinal absorption of fatty acids into the blood]. AB - Lipid emulsion containing tritiated decanoic or oleic acid was infused in an isolated intestinal loop in situ. An ex vivo vascular perfusion technique has been used, allowing the continuous sampling of mesenteric portal blood. With decanoic acid the amount of radioactivity recovered in portal blood was high and similar for actidione-cycloheximide treated and control Rats. On the contrary the amount of radioactivity recovered in control Rats after oleic acid absorption was low. These results show that the ex vivo vascular perfusion technique can be used to study the non-esterified fatty acid intestinal absorption. PMID- 6781787 TI - [Interauricular disparity of tone thresholds at 4 and 6kHz: functional differences between the best and the worst ear]. AB - The predominant ear has been identified on the basis of binomial tests in 12 subjects at 4 kHz and in 6 subjects at 6 kHz. On an average its hearing thresholds are significantly lower than those of the other ear. At 4kHz its response to an acoustical stress appears to be proportionally more important than that of the other ear, but is equivalent at 6 kHz. For both frequencies recovery in the best ear proceeds significantly quicker than in the other ear. PMID- 6781786 TI - [New possibility in enzymatic technology: hydroxylase activity of immobilized hemoglobin]. AB - Hydroxylation of Aniline by haemoglobin immobilized as cross-linked soluble polymers and insoluble particles was studied. Activity yields after immobilization as well as kinetic constants were estimated. Hydroxylase activities similar to liver microsomal cytochrome P450 activities were obtained. PMID- 6781788 TI - [Biochemical characteristics of a vaccine against hepatitis B]. AB - Hepatitis B Vaccine antigen, purified from HBs positive and HBe negative plasma, is constituted of well defined morphological particles, containing two major polypeptides P22 and P27, and without any trace of viral DNA. These criteria guarantee innocuity and purity of this type of vaccine. PMID- 6781789 TI - Natural history of contractile abnormalities after acute myocardial infarction in man: severity and response to nitroglycerin as a function of time. AB - The natural history of contraction abnormalities and their response after acute myocardial infarction in man were studied using radionuclide angiography. Sixteen patients were studied before and after sublingual nitroglycerin within 24 hours, 5-7 days and 4-6 weeks after the onset of chest pain. Within 24 hours, central chord shortening in the zone of infarction was reduced to 13.1 +/- 9.8%, but improved 27.2 +/- 18.4% (p less than 0.001) after nitroglycerin. After 5-7 days, central chord shortening improved similarly, but less markedly, from 12.9 +/- 9.2% to 24.4 +/- 13.2% (p less than 0.001). After nitroglycerin 4--6 weeks after the acute myocardial infarction, the central chord showed no response to nitroglycerin; it was 13.9 +/- 10.9% before and 13.4 +/- 2.5% after nitroglycerin. Changes in the lateral chords paralleled changes in the central chords in the three studies. Nonischemic zone improvement after nitroglycerin in all three studies. Global ejection fraction improved and end-diastolic and end systolic volumes decreased in all three studies after nitroglycerin. These data indicate that after acute myocardial infarction, there is a significant reduction in hemiaxis shortening in the central and lateral chords that remains essentially unchanged over 4-6 weeks. However, the asynergic ischemic area improves considerably after nitroglycerin within 24 hours and 5-7 days, but fails to improve after 6 weeks. PMID- 6781790 TI - Short- and long-term changes in myocardial perfusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty assessed by thallium-201 exercise scintigraphy. PMID- 6781791 TI - Activation of human creatine kinase isoenzymes by pH and various sulfhydryl and chelating agents. AB - We report the effect of serum pH and of the presence or absence of mercaptoethanol, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, monothioglycerol, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate on the activation of the human creatine kinase isoenzymes. At the serum pH giving maximal enzyme stability and minimal assay lag phase (Nealon et al., Clin. Chem. 26: 1165-1169, 1980) thiol activation of CK-1 and CK 3 is nearly maximal with monothioglycerol in an optimized creatine kinase assay (Szasz et al., Clin. Chem. 22: 650-656, 1976). However, CK-2 is maximally activated at pH 8.5, a pH at which this isoenzyme is least stable on storage and its assay lag phase is prolonged. These findings suggest irreconcilable problems in the storage, activation, and assay of CK-2. PMID- 6781792 TI - Extraction of valproate from serum--a reply. PMID- 6781793 TI - Automated solid-phase assay for estimation of thyroxine binding capacity in a screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6781794 TI - Hormone profile of T3, T4 at the end of pregnancy and during puerperium. AB - The Authors have studied the T3, T4 and TBG behaviour at the end of pregnancy and after 96 h and 144 h from delivery in 25 pregnant women. The patients have been randomly divided into two groups: the first was studied in basal conditions and the second after administration of enantate testosterone and valerianate estradiol. In the first group T3 and T4 values increased slightly. A higher increase was noticed from the 96th to the 144th h from delivery. In the second group T3 and T4 values were discording. PMID- 6781795 TI - Assay of ganglioside GM2-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminidase activity in human fibroblasts employing the natural activator protein--diagnosis of variant forms of GM2 gangliosidosis. AB - The physiological activator protein for the degradation of ganglioside GM2 by hexosaminidase A has been employed to assess the capability of cultured human fibroblast extracts to catalyze this ganglioside. This method permits a more reliable diagnosis of the different variants of GM2 gangliosidoses than the methods hitherto used. These either rely on artificial substrates or, when natural substrates are used, on detergents. Our method avoids a number of possible sources of error introduced by the unphysiological detergents, such as alteration of the isoenzymes' substrate specificity or inactivation of the enzymes. The range of application of the new method is discussed. PMID- 6781796 TI - Acidic phospholipases in cultured human fibroblasts: deficiency of phospholipase C in Niemann-Pick disease. AB - Radioactive phosphatidyl choline substrates specifically labeled in the one position or two position fatty acid were used to establish conditions for the detection of acidic phospholipase A1, A2 and C activities in extracts of cultured human fibroblasts. Maximal activity was detected at a pH of 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 respectively, suggesting that the enzymes are of lysosomal origin. None of the activities were stimulated or inhibited markedly by Ca2+ or EDTA. The A1 and A2 activities, but not the C activity, were inactivated by the sulfhydryl reactive Ellman reagent. All three enzyme activities were in the normal range for cultured fibroblasts which were deficient in acid lipase, indicating that these activities are not attributable to the acid lipase gene product. Phospholipase A activity was deficient in fibroblast extracts from patients with Niemann-Pick disease, types A, B and C. These data suggest either identity or a genetic relationship between sphingomyelinase and phospholipase C. The activities examined were within the normal range in fibroblasts from patients with neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, sea blue histiocyte disease and selected uncharacterized degenerative diseases. PMID- 6781797 TI - Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase in normal and dystrophic human muscle. AB - Human skeletal muscle homogenate was found to contain a nucleosidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine, a known inhibitor of many methyl transfer reactions. When the levels of methylthioadenosine nucleosidase in muscle of patients were compared with those of controls, no significant alterations in its activity were noted in patients with various forms of muscular dystrophies, polymyositis and certain denervating diseases. PMID- 6781798 TI - Studies on the determination of extracellular galactosyltransferase in human intestinal tissue. AB - The determination of extracellular galactosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.38) activity in human intestinal tissue by assessment of the incorporation of label after incubation with UDP[3H]galactose was evaluated. Intestinal biopsy specimens were incubated with membrane-permeable L-[1-14C]fucose and non-permeable UDP-D-[6 3H]galactose (UDP[3H]Gal). Comparison of the amounts of 3H- and 14C-label incorporated into subcellular fractions showed uptake and incorporation of galactose formed by the hydrolysis of UDP[3H]Gal by brush-border enzymes. The results indicate that incorporation of galactose after incubation of the tissue with UDP[3H]Gal is not exclusively attributable to extracellular galactosyl transferase. PMID- 6781799 TI - IgA glomerulonephritis (Berger's disease): evidence of high serum levels of polymeric IgA. AB - Eleven out of 15 patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (Berger's disease) had an increased proportion of serum IgA in 9-21S fractions on 5-40% sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation; the heavier fractions decreased at acid pH. Serum IgA purified by starch electrophoresis was subjected to reduction alkylation yielding fragments of lower molecular weight. J chain was detected on urea alkaline polyacrylamide electrophoresis and the high-molecular weight IgA bound the human secretory component. In six patients treated with phenytoin for 1 year there was a decrease in polymeric IgA and an increase in monomeric IgA adopting a pattern similar to that of the controls. Our results show the presence of a large amount of true IgA polymers, partially as immune complexes, in the serum of patients with Berger's disease. These data together with their normalization after phenytoin treatment may open a new pathogenic and therapeutic approach to this entity. PMID- 6781800 TI - Detection and characterization of liver membrane autoantibodies in chronic active hepatitis by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay was developed to detect antibodies to liver membrane antigens in sera of patients with HBsAg-negative and -positive liver diseases and primary non-hepatic autoimmune diseases. Ten of fourteen patients with HBsAg-negative CAH had autoantibodies detected by RIA; negative results were obtained with sera of seven patients with HBsAg-positive acute and chronic liver diseases, six patients with miscellaneous liver diseases, including two patients with PBC, two healthy blood donors and seven patients with primary non-hepatic autoimmune diseases. Antibodies detected by RIA correlated with liver membrane autoantibodies (LMA) found by indirect immunofluorescence; no correlation was observed with AMA, ANA and SMA. Species-cross-reacting antibodies could be absorbed by preincubation with isolated plasma cell membranes prepared from rabbit livers. Liver membrane autoantibodies detected by RIA were directed against three different antigen fractions obtained from Sepharose 6B chromatography including LSP and LM-Ag. Only three of ten antibodies were directed against species-specific determinants; others cross-reacted with rabbit antigens. Only the antibody to LSP was organ-specific, all others cross-reacted with kidney proteins. Ferritin, human serum albumin and human plasma lipoprotein were excluded as target antigens. Although several sera reacted with identical molecules a remarkable heterogeneity of liver membrane autoantibodies was observed. PMID- 6781801 TI - Adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase activities in normal human blood mononuclear cell subpopulations. PMID- 6781803 TI - Immunoglobulin production by murine B-lymphoma cells. PMID- 6781802 TI - Inhibition of immune precipitation by complement. AB - Immune precipitation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) by rabbit anti-BSA antibody (Ab) was studied at 37 degrees C in the presence of normal human serum, normal rabbit serum, decomplemented serum and reagents permitting complement activation either by the classical pathway or the alternative pathway. Inhibition of precipitation occurred in the presence of complement. Antibody-excess complexes were kept soluble more easily than complexes formed at equivalence. Human serum was a better inhibitor than rabbit serum. Analysis of the phenomenon showed that during the first minutes of the reaction immune complexes were maintained in solution by the classical pathway only, but at later stages the alternative pathway was essential. Such soluble immune complexes precipitated after further incubation for 24 hr. The subsequent addition of ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) to serum at 37 degrees C holding immune complexes in solution led to a slow aggregation of the complexes. Their size was found to be approximately 25S as assessed by sucrose density-gradient ultracentrifugation and they bore C3 and C4 fragments. PMID- 6781804 TI - Pharmacology and electrophysiology of calcium ion antagonists. PMID- 6781805 TI - Verapamil in chronic stable angina: a controlled study with computerized multistage treadmill exercise. PMID- 6781806 TI - Congenital "pseudarthroses" of the tibia: treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields. AB - During the past seven years, 34 patients with infantile nonunions associated with congenital "pseudarthroses" completed treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). An analysis of results reveals that 17/34 (50%) have achieved complete healing with biomechanically sound union and radiographic demonstration of remedullarization. Union with function, i.e., healing with continued need for protection, was achieved in 7/34 (21%). Failure was the outcome in 10/34 patients (29%). Most of these occurred in males with a history of early fracture (less than 1 year) and with spindled, hypermobile lesions (Type III). During the early period of the study, PEMFs were the sole means of treatment. After a "coil effect" had been demonstrated, surgical realignment, immobilization and grafting were combined with PEMF treatment. Fundamentals of orthopedic management developed by the larger experience with adult nonunions were found to apply equally to infantile nonunions treated with PEMFs. These include effective immobilization of the fracture site and controlled "stress working" during recovery to facilitate gradual remodeling. PEMFs have been demonstrated to be a potentially useful adjunct in the orthopedic surgeon's armamentarium for treating infantile nonunions (congenital "pseudarthroses"). PMID- 6781807 TI - A patient with copper deficiency anemia while on prolonged intravenous feeding. PMID- 6781808 TI - Respiratory and ventilatory effects of methadone in healthy women. AB - The effects of oral methadone on respiration, ventilation, pupillary diameter, and plasma concentrations of estrone, estradiol, and progesterone were investigated in healthy nonpregnant women, 21 to 29 yr old. All women were in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The study design was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Six women received 15 mg methadone . HCl, and six received placebo. Alveolar ventilation and oxygen consumption before treatments correlated with plasma progesterone concentration (r2 = 0.85 and 0.68) but the slope and x-intercept of the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide curve did not. Female sex steroids in plasma were not affected by methadone. Mean elimination half-life of methadone from serum was 19 hr. Methadone-induced respiratory depression and miosis lasted more than 48 hr. The intensity of these changes was a linear function of the logarithm of the serum methadone concentration. Plasma progesterone concentration is an important determinant of resting ventilation and metabolism in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle but endogenous progesterone does not protect women from the respiratory depressant effects of methadone. PMID- 6781809 TI - Determination of mean valproic acid serum level by assay of a single pooled sample. AB - Determinations of single serum drug concentrations are useful in monitoring drug therapy. A mean serum level would supply more information but is expensive and laborious because of the multiple blood samples and assays, calculation of area under the curve (AUC) by the trapezoidal rule, and division of the AUC by the time interval during which the samples were drawn. A method was devised that pools aliquots from individual serum samples taken during the testing period to form on composite sample. A single assay of this sample provides the mean serum level of the testing period. The method was successfully tested with amaranth and then applied to valproic acid serum levels. AUC and mean serum levels were determined by the standard procedure of assays of multiple samples and the trapezoidal rule. Mean serum level was also determined by the pooled sample technique. The correlation coefficient for the comparison of the mean serum levels determined by the two techniques is 0.907 (p less than 0.001). There was no difference between the estimates of the mean serum levels by Student's paired t test (t = 0.693, p greater than 0.2). The good correlation and lack of difference between the conventional method and the pooled sample method indicates that the method is valid. PMID- 6781811 TI - Sexual health and the child. PMID- 6781810 TI - Mechanism of valproate-phenobarbital interaction in epileptic patients. AB - Valproate effects on phenobarbital biodisposition were examined in a search for the mechanisms of the valproate-induced elevation of plasma phenobarbital during antiepileptic therapy. The study involved patients who were treated with phenobarbital alone and phenobarbital plus valproate. Several kinetic parameters were determined after a pulse dose of stable isotope-labeled phenobarbital, with plasma phenobarbital levels at a steady state. Plasma elimination of labeled phenobarbital was studied by selected ion monitoring. The addition of valproate to the phenobarbital regimen resulted in elevation of plasma phenobarbital and increase in urinary output of unchanged phenobarbital. There was no effect on urinary pH. The rise in plasma phenobarbital was paralleled by lengthening of phenobarbital elimination half-life while the decrease of plasma phenobarbital clearance paralleled the decrease in phenobarbital elimination rate constant. These findings suggest that inhibition of phenobarbital metabolism by valproate is the mechanism for this clinically important drug-drug interaction. PMID- 6781812 TI - Diarrhea in malnourished infants. PMID- 6781813 TI - What happens to the clients? AB - Despite the fact that each year billions of dollars are spent to provide mental health services to millions of persons, information is seldom systematically and regularly collected about whether clients feel and function better after services, and whether they were satisfied with the services. This paper discusses the results of pilot tests of an approach for regularly collecting such outcome information. Two essential features of the approach are the use of client self reports and client follow-up. A relatively inexpensive mail collection method is used to follow-up clients. The feasibility, cost, validity, and utility of the outcome monitoring procedures are discussed. PMID- 6781814 TI - Contribution to the control of inactivated human influenza vaccines with the single radial diffusion method (SRD): routine check, industrial supervision and vaccine standardisation. PMID- 6781815 TI - Chemical methods for male fertility control. Expert consultation of the European Medical Research Council Advisory Subgroup on Human Reproduction. PMID- 6781817 TI - Effect of food restriction (undernutrition) on pharmacokinetics of norethindrone in rabbits. AB - Our previous studies have shown that the plasma norethindrone (NET) elimination is faster in women of low socio-economic group as compared to those of high socio economic group. Undernutrition being very common in low socio-economic group, using an animal model, efforts were made to determine whether these differences were due to differences in the nutritional status of these two group of women. The experimental animals consisted of a set of twelve female rabbits, divided equally into two groups. One group (A) was fed on a stock diet ad libitum while the second group (B) received the diet in restricted amounts (half of that consumed by animals of group A). At the end of three months, radiolabelled NET was administered intravenously and plasma drug levels were determined at frequent intervals up to 24 hours. The plasma values were subjected to pharmacokinetic analysis. Food restriction to the extent of 50% resulted in a 20% deficit of body weight as compared to controls. The half-lives of alpha and beta phases were shortened in the restricted group resulting in an enhanced metabolic clearance rate of NET in this group. Though the differences were not statistically significant, the volume of distribution tended to be lower and the dose excreted in urine higher when food restriction was imposed. PMID- 6781816 TI - Norethisterone enanthate as an injectable contraceptive in puerperal and non puerperal women. AB - Norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) was intramuscularly administered to 5 puerperal women and 20 non-puerperal women for a total of 366 months. Contraceptive effectiveness and side effects of the drug were evaluated. Basal levels of LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL), estradiol 17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured in blood samples collected from 5 non-puerperal women, while LH, FSH, PRL and norethisterone (NET) plasma levels were evaluated in puerperal women. NET was also assayed in plasma from breast-fed newborns. No woman became pregnant. Side effects consisted of only menstrual abnormalities. Ovulation (P plasma levels higher than 2000 pg/ml) was achieved in 3 patients during the first month of NET EN treatment but luteal function appeared to be insufficient. In puerperal women, NET plasma levels showed a course similar to the one observed outside puerperium. Lactation was not inhibited, and NET transfer to newborn through milk was negligible, since NET was undetectable in newborn plasma when maximal levels were measured in the mother. It was concluded that NET-EN is an effective contraceptive drug, deprived of major side effects, and particularly useful in women affected by metabolic diseases or during puerperium. PMID- 6781818 TI - Meningococci. PMID- 6781819 TI - Controlling cooling rates with a variable vacuum in a Dewar flask. PMID- 6781820 TI - Current status of pacemaker therapy of arrhythmias. PMID- 6781821 TI - Association of vegetative antigens with the spores of Clostridium sporogenes. AB - Clean spores of Clostridium sporogenes stored for two years continued to elicit the production of specific antibodies in immunized rabbits. Disintegrated spores stimulated not only antibodies specific for the spore component, but also those directed against 'H' and 'O' antigens of the sporangium cells. PMID- 6781822 TI - Sleep-disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation in obese patients. AB - Fourteen morbidly obese subjects, referred to our institution for bypass surgery for obesity, were studied with regard to pulmonary function and respiratory patterns during sleep. The seven female patients experienced no episodes of desaturation or disordered breathing during sleep. Six of the seven male patients experienced desaturation or disordered breathing. The one who did not had hypogonadism, suggesting that testosterone may have a role in the regulation of breathing during sleep. The two patients with the most frequent episodes of apnea and lowest oxygen saturation had a clinical picture consistent with the pickwickian syndrome. This supports the relationship previously noted between the degree of hypoxia and the presence of hypersomnolence. PMID- 6781824 TI - Immune mechanisms in byssinosis. AB - The pathogenesis of byssinosis has been attributed to several different immunopathologic mechanisms, including a type III (immune complex) pulmonary injury. To further examine this type III theory, sera (Monday preshift) from 59 cotton textile workers were examined by gel diffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis for precipitating antibodies to aqueous extracts of cotton bract, carpels, stems, leaves, immature cotton bract, carpels, stems, leaves, immature cotton lint, and cardroom cotton dust. Sera were also collected from 35 nonexposed normal volunteers and examined similarly. No true precipitating antibodies to these extracts could be detected in any of the control or worker serum samples. The aqueous extracts of cardroom cotton dust and cotton stems were found to contain naturally occurring components that precipitated (in agarose gel) beta-lipoprotein and gamma-globulins (mostly IgG) in a nonimmunologic manner. Sera from normal human controls and cotton textile workers all produced identical patterns of reaction with these two extracts. Treatment of these extracts with polyvinylpolypyrrolidone, a specific insoluble adsorbent for polyphenolic tannins, eliminated this pseudoimmune reaction. Although the role this pseudoimmune reaction may play in the pathogenesis of byssinosis is still unknown, it demonstrates the problems associated with laboratory-based investigations of the immunologic aspects of byssinosis. PMID- 6781823 TI - A graphic approach for prediction of arterial oxygen tension at different concentrations of inspired oxygen. AB - A rapid, simple method for predicting the arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) at any fractional concentration of inspired oxygen (FIO2) is presented. The method is based on a nomogram interrelating PaO2, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and FIO2, allowing rapid determination of the arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio a/A PO2. The applicability of the nomogram and its reliability for predicting the PaO2 at any FIO2 were studied prospectively in nine consecutive patients requiring mechanical ventilation (16 trials). On each occasion, a desired PaO2 was chosen and from the nomogram an FIO2 expected to yield this PaO2 was administered. The PaO2 was then measured. Actual PaO2 differed from desired PaO2 by a mean of 2.6 mm Hg (range 0 to 10 mm Hg, standard deviation (SD) 4.8). Retrospectively, we analyzed the nomogram's ability to predict the PaO2 +/- 9.6 mm Hg (2 SD) at varying FIO2. The overall sensitivity of this method was 85 percent (126 predictions out of 149 trials). We conclude that appropriate levels of supplemental oxygen can be rapidly and reliably chosen using the nomogram in selected patients. PMID- 6781825 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring in perspective. AB - Monitoring of intracranial pressure has become increasingly widespread in a variety of conditions. The information gained has allowed for the development of certain principles of management in patients with presumed or potential intracranial hypertension. These principles are applicable whether ICP monitoring is employed or not. Aggressive management of severe intracranial hypertension may improve survival; however, data from several studies are inconclusive. The author attempts to review developments in the field and assess the impact of this modality of therapy in pediatric neurosurgical practice. PMID- 6781826 TI - [Eight traumatic lesions of the biliary tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781827 TI - [Preliminary clinical observations on the treatment of diabetic ketosis and acidosis with intravenous drip of small doses of insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781828 TI - The lung, whole-body metabolism and disease. AB - It is well recognized that the lung has its own hormonally responsive endogenous metabolism. Less well recognized is the potential of the lung to influence and, in turn, be influenced by the homeostatic mechanisms of the body. It is suggested that the lung could modulate concentrations of circulating hormones and thereby play an indirect exogenous metabolic role in whole-body metabolism. Investigations of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass as well as studies with the perfused rat lung suggest that the lung could make an important direct contribution to whole-body lactate and perhaps alanine production. The control of the endogenous and exogenous metabolism of the lung may be exerted through circulating hormones, substrates, blood gases and lung movement. Disorders of the lung or the whole body may disturb these relationships. In patients with chronic lung disease circulating blood metabolites are affected and conversely in diabetes there are effects on lung metabolism. The unified concept of lung/whole body metabolism is discussed in relation to therapeutic approaches for the prevention and investigation of neonatal and adult respiratory distress syndromes. PMID- 6781829 TI - Copper, biogenic amines, and amine oxidases. AB - Amine oxidases have been classified in the past on the basis of either (a) the structural requirements in the substrate or (b) the tissue (or species) of origin, or both. As knowledge about the chemistry of these enzymes grows, their classification on the basis of chemical structure is becoming possible. Currently, many amine oxidases can be categorized according to whether they contain riboflavin (e.g. the monoamine oxidases -- EC 1.4.3.4) or copper (e.g. the amine oxidases of plasma and the diamine oxidases EC 1.4.3.6 -- found prominently in pig kidney cortex, placenta, and pea seedlings). The copper-linked oxidases are inhibited by cyanide and by semicarbazide. The nature of the carbonyl compound(s) in the various enzyme molecules is not yet known. Nutritional deficiencies of copper and treatment of animals with copper-chelating agents are reflected in reduced activity of one or more of these enzymes. The ultimate effects of copper deficiency and copper excess on amine metabolism in vivo are described. PMID- 6781830 TI - Dietary sources of copper. AB - The dietary intakes of copper by children and adults who consume free diets are often significantly lower than the recommended daily allowances of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) or the World Health Organization. These lower-than recommended intakes of copper appear to be adequate for healthy individuals since states of copper deficiency have not been observed in the absence of an accompanying metabolic disorder. Copper deficiencies have arisen in pre-term infants of low birth weight as a result of breast-milk diets, and in children and adults as a result of fluids that are used for total parenteral nutrition. This paper describes the use of trace-metal balance studies to evaluate the adequacy of copper intake from these sources and from synthetic diets that are used in the treatment of inherited and acquired metabolic disorders. PMID- 6781831 TI - [Results of trabeculectomy in 118 eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781832 TI - [Clinical evaluation of trabeculectomy in treating glaucoma--Report of 74 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781833 TI - [Subscleral sclerencleisis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781834 TI - [Examination of peripheral chamber depth in mass screening for glaucoma, with special reference to early angle closure glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781835 TI - [Cupping of optic disc and visual field changes in simple glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781836 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis in vernal conjunctivitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781838 TI - [Blindness prevention and treatment in Hainan District of Guangdong Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781837 TI - [Twenty-years' experience of prevention and treatment of blindness in certain rural areas of Guangdong Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781839 TI - [Studies on depth of anterior chamber in Chinese (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781840 TI - [Experimental production of IOL and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781841 TI - [Glioma of the optic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781842 TI - [Extension and metastasis of squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas of the eye lid (analysis of 49 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781843 TI - [Traumatic honeycomb retinopathy and its treatment by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781844 TI - [Retinal dialysis---Analysis of 49 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781845 TI - [Treatment of paralytic strabismus with rectus muscle union---Report of 13 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781846 TI - [Treatment of Coat's disease with argon laser (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781847 TI - [Laser treatment of vitreous hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781848 TI - [Corneal yellow reflex in siderosis bulbi under the hydrogonioscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781849 TI - [Investigation on causes of failure in removal of difficult intraocular foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781850 TI - [Vitreous surgery---An update (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781851 TI - [Standardisation of TRH test for the exact determination of thyroxine treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A TRH test was performed on 50 patients treated on a daily thyroxine dose of 50 200 microgram. Results were compared with a test performed at the earliest three weeks on the same thyroxine dosage, but the latter having been interrupted for 24 hours. In the first case T4 was 8.96 +/- 2.9 microgram/dl, in the second 7.08 +/- 2.0 microgram/dl; T3 in the first case 1.28 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, in the second 1.03 +/- 0.25 ng/ml. This indicates that with both thyroid hormones the levels were higher on the day of administration than 24 hours later. Correspondingly, TRH-stimulated TSH secretion was definitely lower on the day of treatment. delta TSH (TSH after 30 minutes minus TSH zero value) was 16.1 +/- 26.5 on day of treatment, 27.3 +/- 35.6 micro U/ml after pause. Accordingly, to achieve "fine tuning" of T4 treatment, such as for euthyroid goitre, the TRH tests standardised on 200 microgram TRH should be performed after a T4-free 24-hour interval. delta TSH should then not be more regimen, drug-induced hyperthyroidism can be definitely avoided. PMID- 6781852 TI - [Parenteral longtime feeding at home--"artificial intestine"]. PMID- 6781853 TI - [Cranial computerized tomography: more tests and increased costs?]. PMID- 6781854 TI - [Haemoglobin A1c concentration in newly detected diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Using the Trivelli method haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations were determined in 7 patients with newly detected, non-insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus before and after commencement of treatment with glibenclamide. Investigations were continued at weekly intervals over a period of 3 months. In all cases there was hardly any reduction of HbA1c values during the first 3 weeks of treatment. However, a continuous decrease of HbA1c values occurred thereafter. Nearly normal values were reached after patients had been adjusted to a considerably lower blood sugar level for more than 80 days. HbA1c concentration correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) both with the concurrently determined fasting blood sugar values as well as with fasting blood sugar values in each of the preceding 8 weeks. PMID- 6781855 TI - [Applications of parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6781856 TI - Tidal volume and respiratory frequency in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). AB - To examine the respiratory pattern in infants with BPD, we compared measurements in 4 infants not retaining CO2 (PACO2 = 40) with those in 4 infants retaining CO2 (PACO2 = 52). We also studied 14 healthy preterm infants, 7 not retaining CO2 (PACO2 = 32) and 7 retaining CO2 (PACO2 = 45). In infants with BPD, minute ventilation (VE) was 0.996 (mean) and 1.0021 l/min with and without CO2 retention (P greater than 0.5). Tidal volume (VT) was 12.6 and 21.1 (P less than 0.001) and total duration of the respiratory cycle (Ttot) 0.77 and 1.33 (P less than 0.005) with and without CO2 retention. VT/Ti were 45.00 and 44.89, respectively (P greater than 0.5). In preterm infants, VE was 0.537 and 0.710 l/min with high and low CO2 (P greater than 0.1). VT was 15.4 and 11.00 (P greater than 0.2) and Ttot 1.63 and 0.99 (P less than 0.002) with high and low CO2. VT/Ti was 32.08 and 30.56 (P greater than 0.5). These findings suggest: (1) in infants with BPD, VT and frequency (f) change in much the same way as in adult subjects with chronic obstructive lung disease, i.e., VT decreases and Ttot shortens (f) in association with high PACO2; (2) mean inspiratory flow is essentially the same in infants with BPD who do and do not retain CO2; and (3) in infants with normal lungs, VT and Ttot increase (f) in association with high PACO2, breathing pattern being entirely controlled via changes in the timing mechanism, the inspiratory drive remaining unaltered. PMID- 6781857 TI - The effect of 2% CO2, 100% O2, theophylline and 15% O2 on "inspiratory drive" and "effective" timing in preterm infants. AB - We studied 20 preterm infants (B.W. 1440 +/- 80 g (S.E.); G.A. 33 +/- 1 wk) to determine the effect of respiratory stimulants and depressants on respiratory output as measured by VE = VT . f, and VE = VT/Ti . Ti/Ttot. These 20 infants were divided in four groups of five infants. Each group received a respiratory stimulant (2% CO2, 100% O2 or theophylline) or'a respiratory depressant (15% O2). VT/Ti is mean inspiratory flow and represents a mechanic translation of neuronal output. Ti/Ttot is a dimensionless number and has been defined as effective timing. Each study consisted of 3-5 min while the infant breathed 21% O2, followed by 5 min breathing 2% CO2, 100% O2 or 15% O2. The effect of theophylline was assessed by 48-72 h after the initial dose. The respiratory stimulants caused an increase in VT with little or no change in f; 15% O2 produced a decrease in f primarily. According to the newer approach, 2% CO2, 100% O2 and theophylline produced an increase in "inspiratory drive" with little or no change in "effective" timing; 15% O2 decreased "effective" timing primarily via an increase in Te. These findings suggest that the paradoxical decrease in ventilation during hypoxia in preterm infants may not be solely dependent on the central depressant effects of O2. At least in part, the mechanism may be due to a direct action of low O2 on elements controlling expiratory time. PMID- 6781858 TI - [Hypersomnia with periodic apneas (author's transl)]. AB - Patients suffering from Pickwickian syndrome or primary hypoventilation syndrome present apneas of a predominantly obstructive type which follow one another without interruptions throughout the duration of sleep. It is not possible to ascribe the somnolence of these patients to carbonarcosis, because in most cases Pa CO2, though high during sleep, presents normal values or slightly higher than normal values during wakefulness. Obstructive apneas are the cause of this syndrome: the elimination of obstructive apneas by means of tracheostomy leads to a complete clinical recovery. Before they began to suffer from hypersomnia, all these patients had been snoring heavily for many years. Snoring is therefore a fixed stage in the evolution of this disease. The fact that the overall clinical and polygraphic characteristics of these syndromes are identical suggests that they all constitute a single nosographic entity, which we have called "hypersomnia with periodic apneas". PMID- 6781859 TI - [Herpes-simplex-encephalitis: a computertomographic and electroencephalographic study (author's transl)]. AB - The development of one case of proved necrotising Herpes-simplex encephalitis (Herpes-virus hominis Typ I) will be demonstrated with the help of daily encephalographic and 5 computertomographic studies. After the appearance of periodic complexes in the EEG there could be noticed with a difference of 24 hours a beginning and further on a progressive blurred hypodensity in the CT. The maximum of the periodic activity in the EEG exactly correlated to the beginning and later expansion of the anatomo-pathological changes. No expansion of the periodic activity could be registered in other areas of the brain. Yet there was spontaneous periodic activity in different brain areas, where new regions of hypodensity would be found in the CT. The additional appearance of new periodic complexes with different localisation and the demonstration of new hypodensities in the CT during the therapy of a Herpes-simplex-encephalitis must be valued as a bad prognosis of the illness. PMID- 6781860 TI - [Visual and computerized analysis of EEG during transcendental meditation and sleep (author's transl)]. AB - Polygraphic records (EEG, EOG, heart rate) were obtained of 5 subjects during and after transcendental meditation (TM) as well as during night sleep. The records were analyzed twice. During TM the amplitude of the alpha-waves was higher as before TM and appeared continuously. Bilateral theta-bursts were also observed. The same EEG changes were seen during relaxation with closed eyes. The discriminance-analysis of 5 frequency-bands of the EEG recorded from C3 showed either no differences in dominant frequency, power and variancy. No differences were observed between the flat EEGs recorded during TM or sleep. The heart rate was significantly slower during meditation or light sleep - when a flat EEG (stage 1) was recorded - as when the recording showed an alpha-rhythm. The vigilosomnograms of all our subjects were normal. The subjects reported that they experienced an increased relaxation, alertness and floating consciousness. They were able to maintain themselves for unusually long time in a state of decreased alertness (stages W1;10). PMID- 6781861 TI - [Post-traumatic alpha-and mu-wave-foci (author's transl)]. AB - 28 patients with an activated focus (8-12 c/s focus) in the central region were examined for mu-wave-activity utilizing visual and calculation of the coherence function. Over 60% (18 patients) of these foci were mu-wave-foci. This type of mu waves was decidedly less sensitive to change in vigilance than physiological mu waves. Seven foci were alpha-foci and three foci could be classified as neither alpha- nor mu-wave-foci since they did not react to sensory and sensomotoric stimuli. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the pathological mu-waves and the pathological alpha-waves were very similar in their characteristics. PMID- 6781862 TI - [Acoustic evoked driving reactions in the EEG and their conditioning related to the personality factor extraversion-introversion (author's transl)]. AB - Clicks were delivered in trains of 2,5 s duration at click repetition rates of 5 or 8/s to provoke rhythmical activity in the vertex-EEG ('driving response') and to condition the driving response to neutral stimuli in a discrimination paradigm. The Eysenck Personality Inventory was administered to define an independent personality variable, i.e. extraversion-introversion; the interaction of background activity, driving and conditioned driving response with the personality dimension was analyzed. In the background EEG there was a significant difference in the absolute power of the fast alpha-band between introverts and extraverts. Driving was only observed in the fundamental frequency of acoustic stimulation, not in the first harmonic. There was no interaction between driving response and extraversion-introversion or resting EEG activity. Classical conditioning of the driving response was successful with introverts only. Results were interpreted within the framework of Eysenck's personality theory. The possibility to study neurophysiological correlates of memory processes in humans by means of conditioned driving responses is discussed. PMID- 6781863 TI - [Quantification of the attenuation of pain sensation through evoked potentials after the application of mild analgesics (author's transl)]. AB - Evoked potentials resulting from stimulation of tooth pulp with rectangular impulses were chosen for the indication of the analgesic activity of mild analgesics. If the stimuli were perceived subjectively as equally painful, the amplitudes of the evoked potentials were intraindividually well reproducible. The results are reproducible within one day as well as on different days. According to the large interindividual variation in the amplitude of the evoked potentials, the percentual reduction of the amplitude was a better measure for the analgesic action than the absolute height of the signal. Interindividually, the latencies have shown clear differences whereas they were reproducible for the individuum. The curves for: 1. The percentual reduction of the evoked potentials 2. The diminuation of the subjective pain response 3. The increase in the sensitivity threshold after the application of the drug were principally similar. The results indicate, that the evoked potentials may represent a more sensitive measure of experimentally induced pain in subjective methods. PMID- 6781864 TI - [Brainstem auditory evoked potentials applied to clinical neurology (author's transl)]. AB - Pathological alterations of the brainstem auditory evoked potential in 5 patients suffering from different kinds of brainstem diseases (reversible tumorous infiltration of the brainstem, multiple sclerosis, mesodiencephalic syndrome, apallic syndrome, braindeath) are shown. The alterations resemble the findings of animal experiments reported by Buchwald and Huang 1975: The particular components of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (waves IV-V, III, II and I) may decrease in amplitude or even completely disappear. The components are affected in a sequential reversed order, i.e. if a particular component has disappeared or shows a significant latency increase, the subsequent components are similarly affected. These observations suggest that the particular components are generated by different structures of the afferent acoustic pathway. This underlines the usefulness of brainstem auditory evoked potential recordings in detecting brainstem disorders. PMID- 6781865 TI - [Somatosensory cortical evoked potentials in normal subjects to single and double median nerve stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - On the wrist the median nerve of 42 normal subjects was stimulated by single and double stimuli and the contralateral cortical evoked potentials (SRAP) were evaluated with regard to peak-latencies, amplitudes and refractory period. SRAP after single nerve stimulations has 4-6 peaks in the first 100 ms, in 19 of 42 subjects there is an early peak ("peak 14-15") of the brain stem. The peak latencies of minimum 1, maximum 1 and minimum 2 increase with the age not significantly. There are no right/left differences of the SRAP-amplitudes or latencies. The duration of the relative refractory period was determined through the lengthening of latency respectively through the loss of minimum 1. The relative refractory time is independent of age, the absolute refractory time increase with advanced age. The refractory times of the first 4 peaks are not different for the right and left hemisphere. A slow alpha-rhythm correlate significantly with a higher absolute refractory time. PMID- 6781867 TI - Vasopressin resistance of toad urinary bladder: in vivo and in vitro studies. PMID- 6781866 TI - [Cerebral refractory period of the somatosensory system in diseases of the central nervous system (author's transl)]. AB - The duration of the refractory period of the somatosensory system was determined through the lengthening of latency respectively through the loss of Minimum 1 and Maximum 1; the median nerve was stimulated by single and double stimuli of variable interval, the somatosensory evoked potentials (SRAP) were averaged contralateral. The relative refractory time is independent of age, the absolute refractory time increased with advanced age. In genuine epilepsy with 3/s spike waves the relative refractory period is shortened compared with the reference group of normal subjects. In multiple sclerosis the relative refractory time is distinctly increases in sign of demyelination on conduction in the central nervous system. The most distinct delays of refractory period are in cases with cerebrovascular disease and brain atrophy. The correlation between the clinical and neurophysiological results shows, that the single and double stimulation of the median nerve, combined with the analysis of the evoked potentials and the cerebral refractory period, is a good neurophysiologic cerebral function-test. PMID- 6781868 TI - Control of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in the ewe. AB - The aims of this study were to determine the effect of ovariectomy on the release of LH and FSH during the preovulatory gonadotropin surge and to ascertain, by the use of sodium pentobarbitone (NaPb), if the secretion of these pituitary hormones requires continuous stimulation from the hypothalamus. Sheep were treated with NaPb for 2 h beginning 1) immediately before the gonadotropin surge, 2) during the ascending limb of the gonadotropin surge, and 3) during the descending limb of the gonadotropin surge. Ewes were ovariectomized (ovx) at each of the time periods listed above, and intact ewes included were at times 2 and 3. A group of intact ewes was given 100 microgram gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in addition to NaPb at time 2, NaPb given during the ascending limb of the gonadotropin surge caused a transient fall in peripheral LH and FSH; however, the release of gonadotropins was reinitiated and the surge continued when the ewes recovered from anesthesia. Treatment with NaPb after the apex of the gonadotropin surge did not affect circulating levels of LH and FSH. Ewes given NaPb and ovx before the initiation of the gonadotropin surge released significantly less LH and FSH during the surge than the other treatment groups. The total amounts of LH and FSH released in intact and ovx ewes treated with NaPb after the surge was initiated were not different than those levels in the saline-treated controls. Intact ewes treated with 100 micrograms GnRH also released an amount of LH similar to that in the control group. We conclude that gonadotropin release from the pituitary gland requires the continual presence of GnRH during the ascending limb of the preovulatory gonadotropin surge, and that once the surge has been triggered, the ovaries do not appear to be required for further hypothalamic stimulation. PMID- 6781869 TI - Initiation of asymmetrical ovarian estradiol secretion in the primate ovarian cycle after luteectomy. PMID- 6781870 TI - Progesterone-induced changes in hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and catecholamines: differential effects of pentobarbital. AB - The effects of pentobarbital (Pnt) treatment on the progesterone (P)-induced afternoon increase in the medial basal hypothalamic (MBH) LHRH and serum LH and FSH levels in ovariectomized estradiol benzoate-primed rats were studied. Pnt injection before P blocked the afternoon rise in serum gonadotropins but failed to alter the increase in the MBH LHRH levels. Moreover, when Pnt was injected 150 min after P, the MBH LHRH content continued to rise to levels 25-37% above those seen in control rats. Analyses of LHRH concentrations in discrete hypothalamic nuclei revealed that the Pnt-induced accumulation was confined mainly to the median eminence, with a small increase in the suprachiasmatic nuclei region. P administration increased the MBH norepinephrine activity and concurrently decreased dopamine activity. Pnt was ineffective in suppressing the MBH LHRH response in these rats, but drastically reduced norepinephrine and accelerated dopamine turnovers in the MBH. These studies show 1) no definitive cause and effect relationship of the increments in MBH LHRH either with LH release (or LHRH release) or with changes in hypothalamic catecholamines induced by P treatment, and 2) that the striking rise in the MBH LHRH levels in estradiol benzoate-primed rats may represent formation of new immunoreactive LHRH predominantly in the median eminence region. PMID- 6781871 TI - A quantitative analysis of the maturation of steroid negative feedbacks controlling gonadotropin release in the female rat: the infantile-juvenile periods, transition from an androgenic to a predominantly estrogenic control. AB - To determine what ovarian or adrenal steroid(s) are involved in restraining gonadotropin secretion in infantile female rats, several experiments were performed. Adrenalectomy of 10-day-old rats markedly decreased serum progesterone (P) and, to a lesser extent, serum estradiol (E2) levels. Androgen (A) levels were only transiently reduced, and serum dihydrotestosterone was not affected. Serum LH and FSH, on the other hand, increased only transiently after adrenalectomy. Ovariectomy (OVX) failed to decrease serum P and partially depressed serum E2, but resulted in a marked fall of both testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone. Serum LH and FSH were increased in these animals. Replacement of pre-OVX serum T levels via Silastic capsules prevented the postcastration rise in both LH and FSH, suggesting that the increase in gonadotropins that follows OVX of 10-day-old rats is, to a large extent, a consequence of the loss of ovarian T. OVX of juvenile (27 days old) rats increased serum FSH and LH 48 h later and reduced both serum T and E2 levels, with no significant change in serum P. Replacement of pre-OVX serum T levels depressed post-OVX serum FSH and LH titers only partially. In contrast, replacement of pre-OVX serum E2 levels, effectively suppressed the postcastration rise in serum gonadotropins. The results suggest that 1) during the infantile period, gonadotropin release is predominantly under ovarian androgenic inhibitory control, but this mechanism is not very effective, because basal serum gonadotropin levels, particularly FSH, are elevated; 2) the effectiveness of the A negative feedback on FSH remains unchanged during prepubertal development; and 3) the previously reported increase in E2 negative feedback effectiveness that occurs after day 15 results in an E2 inhibitory signal that surpasses that of As, so that during juvenile days, most of the ovarian steroidal inhibitory control on gonadotropin release is mediated by E2. PMID- 6781872 TI - Hyperprolactinemia-induced precocious puberty: studies on the mechanism(s) by which prolactin enhances ovarian progesterone responsiveness to gonadotropins in prepubertal rats. AB - Hyperprolactinemia induced in immature female rats by treatment with sulpiride, a dopaminergic receptor blocker, increased the in vitro release of ovarian progesterone (P) in response to different doses of both highly purified hCG and human FSH. The increased P response to gonadotropins was also observed in ovaries of animals injected with ovine PRL or in rats in which the hyperprolactinemic condition was induced by pimozide, a more typical dopaminergic receptor blocker. In addition, the pimozide treatment advanced the time of puberty in a manner similar to that previously observed with sulpiride. In other experiments in which only the ovarian response to hCG, but not that to FSH, was evaluated, it was found that the in vivo treatment of hypophysectomized immature rats with sulpiride did not modify the almost undetectable serum PRL levels of these animals and failed to increase the in vitro ovarian P response to hCG. By contrast, sc injection of PRL to hypophysectomized rats clearly enhanced the in vitro release of P in response to the gonadotropin. Adrenalectomy of otherwise intact rats significantly decreased the in vitro ovarian P response to hCG and blunted the increase in the P response induced by hyperprolactinemia. These effects, however, were almost completely reversed by concomitant corticosterone replacement therapy. The ovarian content of hCG receptor in normal rats was found to increase during juvenile development (days 22-31). Hyperprolactinemic animals showed a greater ovarian hCG receptor content than age-matched 31-day-old controls. In contrast, the FSH receptor contents were similar in both groups. The increase in hCG receptor content induced by hyperprolactinemia was even more clearly manifested in isolated granulosa cells, but, as in the case of the whole ovaries, the FSH receptor content in these cells remained essentially the same in hyperprolactinemic and control rats. The results indicate that the enhanced ovarian P response to hCG induced by PRL in prepubertal rats is, at least in part, mediated by an increase in the LH receptor content of the granulosa cells of the developing follicle. It also appears that the sensitizing effect of PRL on the prepubertal ovarian P response to gonadotropins is modulated by the adrenal gland through an effect exerted by corticosterone. The mechanisms by which PRL enhances the ovarian P response to FSH do not appear to involve changes in FSH receptors. However, the occurrence of enlarged uteri in hyperprolactinemic rats suggest that the PRL-induced increase in the P response to FSH may be related to the presence of more mature, estrogen-secreting follicles resulting from the hyperprolactinemic condition. PMID- 6781874 TI - Thyrotropin secretory response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothyroid perinatal rat: further evidence of thyrotroph independence of the hypothalamus during early ontogenesis. AB - Propylthiouracil fed to pregnant rats for the last week of gestation to induce maternal and fetal hypothyroidism induced a 3-fold rise in plasma TSH concentration in the newborn pups compared to a 4-fold rise in their mothers. Subcutaneous administration of 1 ng/g BW TRH caused a greater rise in plasma TSH in the hypothyroid pups than in their mothers. These results, in combination with published data, indicate that the apparent independence of pituitary-thyroid function from TRH control during early ontogenesis in the rat is primarily due to delayed maturation of the hypothalamic TRH system. PMID- 6781873 TI - Geometric isomers of substituted triphenylethylenes and antiestrogen action. AB - The estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of tamoxifen ICI 47,699, enclomiphene, zuclomiphene, and the geometric isomers of monohydroxytamoxifen and CI628 were determined in the 3-day immature rat uterine weight test. Tamoxifen, enclomiphene, and the releated geometric isomers of monohydroxytamoxifen and CI628 were partially estrogenic with antiestrogenic properties. ICI 47,699 and zuclomiphene were predominantly estrogenic; however, an antiestrogen effect for zuclomiphene (100 micrograms daily) was demonstrable and large doses of ICI 47,699 (1 or 10 mg daily) inhibited full estrogen action. In contrast, the geometric isomers of monohydroxytamoxifen and CI628 related to ICI 47,699 and zuclomiphene were partially estrogenic with antiestrogenic properties. The estrogenic properties of ICI 47,699 were classified in three ways: elevation of uterine wet weight, increase in whole uterine DNA, and increase in the mitotic activity of luminal epithelial cells. In general, ICI 47,699 was able to initiate estrogenic responses of DNA synthesis or mitosis by translocation of fewer cytoplasmic estrogen receptors to the nuclear compartment than tamoxifen. A model is proposed to explain antiestrogen action in terms of the geometric requirements for receptor binding. It is suggested that the position in space of the alkylaminoethoxyside chain is of fundamental importance. Overall, these data lend support to the view that a structurally specific ligand-estrogen receptor complex can influence the future events within a target tissue to produce either an agonist or an antagonist response. PMID- 6781875 TI - Insulin enhancement of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release by cultured pituitary cells. AB - The role of insulin in the regulation of basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated release of LH and FSH was investigated in vitro using primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells from adult ovariectomized rats. Anterior pituitary cells were incubated for 2 days in the presence or absence of insulin in a serum-free medium. At the end of the insulin treatment, the cells were washed and reincubated in the presence or absence of GnRH, and the LH and FSH released into the medium were measured by RIA. Treatment with insulin (1.0 microgram/ml) for 2 days resulted in significant increases in both the basal and the maximal release of LH and FSH, as well as a 3.2- and 6.3-fold decrease in the ED50 values for GnRH in terms of LH and FSH release, respectively. Treatment with increasing concentrations (0.1-10,000 ng/ml) of insulin, led to a dose-dependent increase in the GnRH (3 X 10(-10) M)-stimulated release of both LH and FSH. This effect of insulin was significant (P less than 0.05) at a physiological concentration of 1 ng/ml (24 microU/ml) with an ED50 value of 40 ng/ml. Increasing duration of exposure to insulin resulted in time-dependent increases in the GnRH (3 X 10(-10) M)-stimulated release of LH, becoming significant at 24 h with maximal enhancement observed by 48 h. The effect of insulin was specific; epidermal or fibroblast growth factor did not enhance LH release. The augmenting effect of insulin was not associated with cellular proliferation or an overall change in protein or LH synthesis. Furthermore, the effect of insulin was independent of the ambient glucose concentration. Insulin was, however, without effect on gonadotrophs cultured in a serum-supplemented medium. Our findings suggest that the gonadotroph constitutes a target cell of insulin and that insulin may act directly on the anterior pituitary in the regulation of gonadotropin release. PMID- 6781876 TI - Adrenal influence on pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and prolactin in rats. AB - Basel plasma levels and pituitary content of TSH and PRL were measured in young male rats after bilateral adrenalectomy with and without corticosterone replacement. Adrenal ablation for a period of 4 days resulted in the arrest of body weight gain, a remarkable hemoconcentration, the slight and insignificant increase in plasma TSH and PRL, but no significant changes in the pituitary content of TSH and PRL and the hypothalamic content of catecholamines, as compared with the control animals. Adequate glucocorticoid replacement in adrenalectomized rats, as determined by the plasma level of corticosterone, did not result in a comparable weight gain, as in the control group, but did reduce plasma protein to almost normal levels. The plasma levels of TSH and PRL in the adrenalectomized animals were significantly suppressed, although the pituitary contents of TSH and PRL were not different from the control values. Four days after adrenalectomy, pituitary stimulation tests with TRH, chlorpromazine, and metoclopramide produced much higher levels of plasma TSH and PRL in the adrenalectomized rats than in the control group. Replacement of corticosterone in the adrenalectomized rats diminished the excess of TSH and PRL responsiveness. These results suggest that adrenal glands may not be directly involved in the hypothalamic control of the pituitary content of TSH and PRL, as they are in the case of ACTH. However, physiological levels of glucocorticoids clearly exert an inhibitory effect on TSH and PRL release by the pituitary gland in response to provocative stimulation. PMID- 6781877 TI - The asynchronous hormonal induction of lactose synthetase components, alpha lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase, in relation to lactose secretion by mouse mammary explants. AB - Hormonal induction of the lactose synthetase components, alpha-lactalbumin and galactosyltransferase, in relation to the induced levels of lactose synthetase activity and lactose secretion by mammary gland explants from mature virgin mice was examined. During 6 days of culture in the presence of insulin, cortisol, prolactin and triiodothyronine mammary explants accumulated progressively increasing amounts of alpha-lactalbumin. By contrast, galactosyltransferase and lactose synthetase activities were maximal on day 3, and then declined; the time course of lactose secretion was similar to that of galactosyltransferase and lactose synthetase activities. Cortisol concentration studies revealed the following dependencies on the steroid: alpha-lactalbumin content was maximal between 0.01 and 0.1 microgram and, at 10 microgram/ml fell below the baseline level observed without cortisol. On the other hand, galactosyltransferase, lactose synthetase and lactose secretion were only slightly increased at 0.01 microgram/ml, were maximal between 0.1 and 1.0 microgram/ml, and at 10 microgram/ml were still considerably above the baseline levels observed without cortisol. These results indicate that lactose formation and secretion by mammary explants from virgin mice correspond more closely to the hormone-induced activity of galactosyltransferase than to that of alpha-lactalbumin, and that asynchrony can arise between the induction of alpha-lactalbumin and the induction of lactose. PMID- 6781879 TI - Binding and internalization of 3H-epinephrine in Tetrahymena. AB - Exposure of Tetrahymena to exogenous epinephrine is followed by appearance of the hormone in the cell membrane, intracytoplasmic vacuoles and nucleus. The intra nuclear localization is always heterochromatic. Only a minor proportion of the applied epinephrine dose gains access to the nucleus, while the bulk of it attaches to the membrane. PMID- 6781878 TI - Gonadotrophin-release upon iv-administration of a long-acting analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in male patients with elevated serum estradiol-concentrations due to chronic liver disease. AB - The response of LH and FSH upon the administration of D-Ser-(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH, an analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) with prolonged action was evaluated in 6 male patients with increased serum-concentrations of estradiol (E2) due to chronic liver disease. When compared to healthy, male controls (n = 7) basal levels of LH and FSH as well as the secretory response of both gonadotrophins upon the administration of the LH-RH-analogue were larger in patients with chronic liver disease although the qualitative pattern of response was identical with that observed in healthy males. It is concluded that elevated serum-concentrations of E2 in patients with chronic liver disease do not induce qualitative changes in the secretory response of gonadotrophins following the administration of D-Ser-(TBU)6-EA-10-LH-RH. PMID- 6781880 TI - Function of thyroid and hypotalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in radioiodine treated thyrotoxic patients. AB - We examined 431 thyrotoxic patients at varying intervals after therapy with radioactive iodine--131I. Recidives of thyrotoxicosis were noted in 30 patients (7%), hypothyroidism in 63 patients (14.4%) and the remaining 338 were euthyroid. A peculiar clinical picture of postradiation hyperthyroidism was ascertained. The euthyroid patients had a lower protein bound iodine (PBI) concentration than normal individuals (4.9 +/- 1.7, resp., 6.0 +/- 1.64 mg/100 ml) and a negative thyroid response after the thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation in 87 per cent. PMID- 6781881 TI - The influence of cultivation on (pro-)insulin biosynthesis and secretion of isolated pancreatic islets of C57BL-mice, long-term treated with glibenclamide in vivo. AB - Long-term treatment of C57Bl/KsJ and C57Bl/6J mice with glibenclamide in vivo caused a diminished response of insulin to high glucose concentrations (20 mmol/l). Islets of those mice were investigated to answer the question whether it is possible to overcome this diminution of glucose sensitivity by cultivation in presence of high glucose (20 mmol/l). The insulin release of islets of glibenclamide treated mice was significantly lowered also in the first 48 h of cultivation. In the following short-term incubation (2 h) no differences in the glucose stimulated insulin secretion could be seen. The second cultivation period (48-96 h) confirmed these results. Both groups of islets (controls and glibenclamide treated) reached comparable values in insulin release. Cultivation of islets of glibenclamide treated mice in presence of 20 mmol/l glucose for at least 2 days led to a restoration of the glucose sensitivity of insulin release. Insulin biosynthesis, judged by measuring 3H-leucine incorporation into (pro )insulin, was largely unaffected. In all experimental conditions the insulin content was comparable to that of controls. PMID- 6781882 TI - Effects of goldthioglucose on hormone secretion of pancreatic rat islets in vitro. AB - Goldthioglucose enhanced independently of glucose but related to dose the insulin secretion of pancreatic rat islets in vitro. The stimulatory action is additive to that of glucose, is not inhibited by mannoheptulose and not connected with an altered glucose-utilization. The gold thioglucose-induced insulin secretion is diminished in the presence of epinephrine and Mg++, respectively, and characterized by a uniphasic response peaking at 15 min. In the absence of glucose goldthioglucose did not modify the pancreatic glucagon secretion. PMID- 6781883 TI - Plasma FSH and LH levels and ovarian morphology in patients with polycystic ovaries. PMID- 6781884 TI - Monotherapy or polytherapy for epilepsy? AB - Although anticonvulsant polytherapy has been widely and traditionally used in the treatment of epilepsy, there is little evidence of its advantages over monotherapy. It does, however, lead to problems of chronic toxicity, drug interactions, failure to evaluate individual drugs, and sometimes exacerbation of seizures. There are many causes of polytherapy which could be avoided by more careful monitoring and supervision of therapy. Studies in new, previously untreated referrals suggest there is considerable potential for monotherapy. In the event of failure of optimum monotherapy, the value of polytherapy is not yet clear. In chronic patients on polytherapy there may be scope for careful rationalization to two or sometimes one drug, with reduction in chronic toxicity and sometimes improved seizure control. Reduction of therapy, however, may be impossible or hazardous due to withdrawal seizures. Even after successful reduction, seizure control is much less satisfactory than in new referrals. It is easier to avoid polytherapy than to reduce it. There is a need to define more carefully the limits of effective anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 6781885 TI - Protein binding of valproic acid in the presence of elevated free fatty acids in patient and normal human serum. AB - Two recent reports indicate that free fatty acids (FFA) can decrease the binding of valproic acid (VPA) to plasma proteins. Since FFA can increase in several physiological and clinical situations, it becomes necessary to define the relationship between elevated FFA and VPA free fraction. This study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, serum was obtained from nine patients who were receiving Intralipid. A base-line sample was taken when therapy was absent. A second sample was taken during or immediately after Intralipid therapy. Protein binding VPA (equilibrium dialysis) and FFA levels were determined on each sample. FFA increased in eight patients; the median increase was 80.1%. VPA free fractions increased in six of the eight patients showing an increase in FFA; the median increase in free fraction was 18.7%. Rank correlation between FFA differences and free fraction differences indicated a significant positive linear correlation (r = 0.800). In the second phase, oleic acid was added to normal serum in five different concentrations (500-5,000 microEq/liter) with VPA at 100 microgram/ml. Free fraction of VPA increased continuously from a blank value of 9.6% (+/- 1.4) to 44.1% (+/- 2.5) with increasing concentrations of oleic acid. PMID- 6781886 TI - Anticonvulsant-induced status epilepticus in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. AB - A 22-year-old woman with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome developed serial apnoeic tonic seizures with concomitant bursts of repetitive spikes at 16-20/sec, after receiving therapeutic doses of chlormethiazole, clonazepam, and diazepam for the treatment of serial tonic-clonic generalized seizures. There was a direct relationship between dose of chlormethiazole and frequency of apnoeic-tonic seizures. Since these tonic seizures have been noted during natural sleep and after sleep induced by various sedative drugs in patients with slow spike-wave in EEG, it is likely that the reduction in level of consciousness induced by sedative drugs is the causative factor. PMID- 6781887 TI - Phenytoin--valproic acid interaction in rhesus monkey. AB - The interaction between phenytoin (PHT) and valproic acid (VPA) was investigated in the rhesus monkey. PHT was given by multiple IV bolus to reach a steady state and then continued while two successive VPA infusions were added. Plasma was assayed for total VPA and PHT as well as free PHT. The addition of VPA produced no change in total PHT levels, a 50% increase in PHT free fraction (increase in free PHT levels), and a decrease in PHT overall elimination rate constant. The increase in free fraction was also documented in a separate in vitro study. The increase in free PHT levels suggested that VPA decreased PHT intrinsic metabolic clearance. This interaction may thus involve a dual mechanism-namely protein binding displacement of PHT and inhibition of PHT metabolism. This mechanism is compatible with other studies showing that VPA is an inhibitor of drug metabolism. PMID- 6781889 TI - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on inhibitory and excitatory pathways. AB - A conditioning stimulus to the periventricular gray matter inhibits the response of spinal trigeminal neurons to maxillary nerve stimulation. Sodium valproate and ethosuximide decrease the periventricular inhibition without significantly affecting the response of these neurons to the unconditioned maxillary nerve stimulus. We have now found that carbamazepine and phenytoin decrease the response to the unconditioned maxillary nerve stimulus, and only depress the periventricular inhibition secondarily. These results further support the hypothesis that the ability to depress selectively inhibitory pathways in the CNS is an important characteristic of antiabsence drugs, and that absence seizures may represent paroxysmal discharges in inhibitory pathways. PMID- 6781888 TI - Comparison of sodium valproate and phenytoin as single drug treatment in epilepsy. AB - Thirty-three epileptic patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. One group of 18 patients was given sodium valproate; the other 15 patients were given phenytoin. Periods of treatment ranged from 9 t0 48 months (mean, 30 months). Any patient who developed a seizure while on the first drug was changed to the other drug, provided the serum level of the first drug was in the accepted therapeutic range. Six required the change from phenytoin to sodium valproate, and three from sodium valproate to phenytoin. Side effects were not a major problem with either drug during the trial period. Phenytoin has been widely prescribed alone; our results indicate that sodium valproate may also be used as a single drug in the treatment of several types of epilepsy. PMID- 6781890 TI - Sodium valproate, platelet dysfunction, and bleeding. AB - The antiepileptic drug sodium valproate (VPA) can provoke a thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction, with or without hemorrhages. These unwanted side effects are probably infrequent or, at least, have little clinical importance except in patients undergoing surgery. Thromboelastography appears to be a reliable screening test. As hematological abnormalities are often dose related, VPA dosages greater than 40 mg/kg/day are not advised. PMID- 6781891 TI - Intracellular records from chronic alumina epileptogenic foci in the monkey. AB - Neuronal records from the primate alumina focus revealed synaptic potentials with bursts of action potentials occurring on depolarizing potentials. These depolarizing potentials were not synchronous with electrocorticographic epileptic patterns. The configuration of the membrane potential changes was consistent with a dendritic generator for epileptic bursts. It is proposed that the genesis of these depolarizing potentials is postsynaptic. PMID- 6781892 TI - Radiation-controlled focal pharmacology in the therapy of experimental epilepsy. AB - Radiation-controlled focal pharmacology is a method using intermediate-dose radiation of a portion of the brain to break down the blood-brain barrier (BBB) followed by the administration of a drug which does not cross the normal BBB but which has a desired pharmacologic effect when it does cross the BBB. Therefore, the drug affects only the radiated portion of the brain. Cats with alumina-cobalt chronic epileptic foci were given intravenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) with no suppression of their EEG-recorded, computer-analyzed epileptic spike frequency. When the focus received 6,000 rad of Bragg peak proton radiation, there was no significant change in spike frequency. Then, however, when GABA was again given, there was dramatic suppression of spike frequency, reaching a peak of 87% suppression at 9 days postradiation. The efficacy of GABA used in radiation-controlled focal pharmacology in the 7- to 9-day postradiation period was demonstrated with a confidence of p less than 0.01. PMID- 6781893 TI - Concentration of metabolites of valproic acid in plasma of epileptic patients. AB - With the help of synthetic reference substances, five metabolites of valproic acid (VPA) could be quantitated by gas chromatography in the plasma of 26 epileptic patients undergoing chronic therapy with sodium valproate. The products of beta-oxidation, i.e., 2-en-VPA, 3-hydroxy-VPA, and 3-keto-VPA were found to be the major metabolites of VPA in plasma, whereas the intermediates of omega oxidation, 4-hydroxy-VPA and 5-hydroxy-VPA, were present only in markedly lower concentrations. It was thus confirmed that in addition to the excretion of VPA as the glucuronide, beta-oxidation is the preferred metabolic pathway of VPA in man. However, taking the anticonvulsant activity of the metabolites as derived from animal experiments into consideration, none of the metabolites found in human plasma seems to contribute markedly to the therapeutic effect of VPA. Thus, in most patients, VPA seems responsible for more than 90% of the antiepileptic activity during continued medication in man. PMID- 6781894 TI - Activating effects of homotaurine and taurine on corticoreticular epilepsy. AB - Homotaurine and taurine are two powerful inhibitory aminoacids with anticonvulsant properties against various experimental models of focal epilepsy. This study reports on their effects in the feline model of corticoreticular epilepsy induced by parenteral administration of large amounts of penicillin. Both aminoacids, but particularly homotaurine, remarkably potentiate epileptiform discharges in cats. Brainstem transection at the precollicular level does not modify the activation, thus ruling out the intervention of mesoromboencephalic structures in the observed effect. The opposing action of these two amino acids on focal epilepsy as compared to corticoreticular epilepsy suggests that the two types of epileptiform activity stem from very different pathophysiological mechanisms. Homotaurine is a powerful GABA agonist that exerts a central action upon parenteral administration. Other GABA analogs such as muscimol, imidazole acetic acid, and gamma-hydroxybutyrate have been reported to potentiate experimental models of spike and wave epilepsy. Thus, the activating effects of homotaurine in this epilepsy model are in keeping with the demonstrated GABAmimetic properties of the compound. PMID- 6781895 TI - Organochlorine compounds in the adipose tissue of deceased people with and without cancer. PMID- 6781896 TI - Comparison of the inhibition by methylmercury and triethyllead of galactolipid accumulation in rat brain. PMID- 6781897 TI - A comparison of the cytochrome P-450 species induced by mirex and 3,4,5,3',4',5' hexachlorobiphenyl in hepatic microsomes of the mouse. PMID- 6781898 TI - A system of exposing animals to smoke generated in a steady-state fashion. PMID- 6781899 TI - Quantitative analysis of the numerical and lateral distribution of intramembrane particles in freeze-fractured biological membranes. AB - An improved method is presented for a quantitative analysis of freeze-fractured biological membranes. The analysis provides the numerical distribution of intramembrane particles (IMP) as a function of their diameter and a measure for the lateral IMP-distribution as a function of the IMP-diameter in terms that allow a statistical comparison between different replicas. In analyzing the lateral IMP-distribution a distinction between random, aggregative and dispersive distributions can be made for different IMP-diameter classes. Such an analysis makes the interpretation of the ultrastructural appearance of biological membranes possible in terms of the dynamic behavior of the represented membrane components. The method is demonstrated by comparing the structure of the plasma membrane of synchronized neuroblastoma cells after glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde fixation at pH 6.0. PMID- 6781900 TI - Membrane specializations in the ciliate Euplotes crassus at the site of interaction of the ampules with the plasma membrane. AB - In Euplotes crassus, the ampules which occur in groups that surround the cilia at their base are organelles which, unlike the extrusomes such as mucocysts and trichocysts, persist inside the cytoplasm and are not lost after discharge. By freeze-fracturing cells, we found membrane specializations denoted by the presence of particles arranged in organized patterns, at the attachment sites of the ampules to the plasma membrane. At each attachment site, an annulus and a rosette were observed in the ampule and in the plasma membrane, respectively. On this basis, it was suggested that the ampules of Euplotes might be cortical organelles functioning in secretion and, therefore, phylogenetically related to the other protozoan extrusomes. PMID- 6781901 TI - Organization of transcribed and nontranscribed chromatin in isolated nuclei of Zea mays root cells. AB - A slightly modified technique of Miller was applied to nuclei isolated from roots of germinating corn embryos. Under the conditions used, the extranucleolar chromatin was easily spread but the nucleolar chromatin often remained aggregated. The nontranscribed chromatin regions consisted of long deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) fibrils with the typical "beads-on-a-string" appearance of nucleosomal arrangement. When the EDTA concentration of the spreading medium was increased, linear arrangement of nucleosomes, 20 nm and 40 50 nm DNP granules were observed on the same DNP fibril. The supranucleosomal granules were also closely packed without any apparent order. Independently of the EDTA concentration, numerous non-nucleolar ribonucleoprotein (RNP) fibrils with a knobby structure were seen laterally bound to DNP fibrils. These knobby RNP fibrils (transcripts) were highly folded and appeared in "bunch-of-grapes" configurations. Each RNP knob measured 23 nm in diameter and the longest of these RNP fibrils were estimated to reach 1.5 micron. The RNP fibrils were often solitary and never exceeded 8 per 10 micron of the DNP axis. Distribution, morphology, and size of these transcripts distinguished them from the nucleolar "Christmas-tree"-like figures, which were rarely observed with our material. These non-nucleolar transcriptional units may correspond to genes coding for the heterodisperse nuclear RNA (hnRNA) and the knobs of 23 nm could be related to informofers or hnRNA particles. Up to now, the visualization of transcriptional units for higher plant tissues have never been reported. PMID- 6781902 TI - Surface spreading of polytene chromosomes. PMID- 6781903 TI - A simple method for determining isotope uptake in disseminated metastatic thyroid disease. AB - A simple method for determining isotope uptake in disseminated metastatic thyroid disease is described. This method can be adopted by a nuclear medicine department which has no on-line computer for acquisition and handling of images from a gamma camera. The equipment needed is the gamma camera, a storage device for images (analog or digital), and an option to define regions of interest and their count rate. Today this option is available in any standard gamma camera. The method is outlined by a specific example of a clinical case. PMID- 6781904 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone radioimmunoassay in human serum and its application in thyroidal pathology. PMID- 6781905 TI - Alcoholic epilepsy. A definition and a description of other convulsions related to alcoholism. AB - The role of alcohol intake and withdrawal in so-called alcoholic epilepsy is discussed and illustrated by case reports. A classification is made which includes definitions of withdrawal convulsions, tetany-like withdrawal convulsions and alcohol-induced epileptic fits, with or without predisposing features. PMID- 6781906 TI - Schwartz-Jampel syndrome: a case report. Stimulatory effect of calcium and A23187 calcium ionophore for protein synthesis in muscle cell cultures. AB - This report describes a 3-year-old male patient with dwarfism, generalized muscular hypertrophy, stiffness, myotonia, multiple skeletal deformities and normal intelligence. Serum creatine kinase was twice elevated. EMG showed 'dive bomber' discharges and muscle biopsy revealed mild to moderate myopathic changes with variability in fiber size and 'moth-eaten' fibers. Multiple muscle cell cultures showed significantly lower values of total protein synthesis as determined by (3H)-leucine incorporation. The addition of calcium and/or A23187 calcium ionophore to cultures significantly stimulated total protein synthesis in contrast to the lack of effect of these drugs in control cultures. These findings suggest a dysfunction of muscle sarcolemma in Schwartz-Jampel syndrome. PMID- 6781907 TI - Reactivity of the O, O'-diacetyl derivative of the carcinogen 4 hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide with DNA. Comparison with in vivo-reacted DNA. PMID- 6781908 TI - Response to adreno-ovariectomy and/or pituitary grafting of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats with different growth potential. PMID- 6781909 TI - Effect of oophorectomy on progesterone metabolism in DMBA-induced mammary tumours of the rat. PMID- 6781910 TI - Genetic control of sensitivity to Moloney leukemia virus in mice. III. The three H-2 linked Rmv genes are immune response genes controlling the antiviral antibody response. AB - It has been shown previously that three different H-2-associated genes control the resistance to viremia and leukemia in Moloney virus-infected mice: Rmv. 1, mapping to the I-A or less probably K regions; Rmv. 2, mapping to the I-C, S or G regions and Rmv. 3, mapping to the D or T regions. Experiments have been performed to determine the role of these genes in the control of the antibody responses directed against Moloney murine leukemia virus (M. MuLV) virions and/or leukemic cells. The inoculation of infectious M.MuLV failed to provide conclusive responses due to unequal replication of the virus in different inbred strains resulting in variable antigenic stimulations and/or in vivo antibody absorptions. The use of inactivated M.MuLV as antigen allowed to avoid these problems. It showed that (2) the IgG-specific antiM.MuLV response is controlled by H-2 linked genes, (b) a clear correlation exists between high or low-responder phenotypes and the resistance or susceptibility to M.MuLV infection and (c) all three Rmv genes behave like immune response genes. These results were not surprising for Rmv. 1 and Rmv. 2 which map in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. It was more puzzling for Rmv. 3. Further experiments are necessary to determine the exact mechanism by which this gene controls the immune response. PMID- 6781911 TI - IgG Fc-binding receptors on spermatozoa. AB - The ability of human and mouse spermatozoa to bind immunoglobulin to their surfaces was investigated by a binding assay using radioiodinated Ig. The results suggest that spermatozoa of both human and mouse origin possess Fc receptors, i.e. they have the ability to bind Fcgamma region. This association of Fc-binding receptor activity on spermatozoa surfaces is likely to raise some technical problems in certain conventional assays used to monitor the presence of membrane antigen(s) on spermatozoa. PMID- 6781912 TI - Genetic control of contact hypersensitivity. I. I-A subregion as well as non-H-2 loci codes for the gene of 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene antigen. AB - As a first step in determining the genetic control of contact hypersensitivity in mice, 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) was applied to induce ear swellings. Studies with congenic and recombinant inbred strains of mice revealed that the DNFB contact hypersensitivity is controlled by the I-A subregion, as well as non H-2 regions. The results presented suggest that the major histocompatibility complex-linked immune response genes seem to be playing an important role in the contact hypersensitivity to the DNFB antigen. PMID- 6781913 TI - TRH increases locomotor activity in rats after injection into the hypothalamus. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) had been reported to increase locomotor activity in rats and mice. In an attempt to localize this phenomenon, TRH (1 microgram, bilateral) was injected into the caudate nucleus, septum and hypothalamus of rats. Locomotor activity increased after injection of TRH into the hypothalamus, but not into the other two sites. These data may indicate that increased locomotor activity is elicitable by TRH only in sharply delimited sites in the nervous system. PMID- 6781914 TI - Post-radiative sterility and lifespan in males and females of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6781915 TI - Assessment of the tuberculosis agglutination test. AB - A total of 139 random samples of serum taken at intervals during chemotherapy from 16 patients were analysed using agglutination methods for the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis. The series comprised six cases of far advanced pulmonary tuberculosis, four cases with advanced lesions, two cases with minimal spread and four controls. The samples were analysed simultaneously and independently using two different batches of antigen in two test systems. The test results were comparable in the two series and the diagnostic outcome of the test was not encouraging, the percentages of false negatives being 52 and 60 or 9 and 32, depending on the criteria selected, and those of false positives being 3 and 0 or 59 and 44 respectively. The magnitude of the titres obtained did not reflect the severity of the disease. In addition the test did not prove useful as a method for following up the results of treatment of individual patients in this series. PMID- 6781916 TI - Ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange at rest and during exercise in boys with bronchial asthma. AB - During symptom-free periods pulmonary ventilation and alveolar gas exchange was determined in 14 boys with bronchial asthma during submaximal and maximal exercise. In six of these boys studies were also made at rest. At rest there was slight hyperventilation as indicated by decreased PCO2. There was also a lowering of the arterial PO2 and all boys had an increased alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. During exercise, there was a sharp increase in pulmonary ventilation with values similar to those encountered in trained healthy boys; there was also a tendency towards normalization of the arterial blood gases and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference. This indicates either more even pulmonary ventilation and better distribution of pulmonary perfusion or more even distributions of ventilation and perfusion during physical work in sitting position. Thus, boys with bronchial asthma show good respiratory adaptation to heavy exercise. One boy developed a severe asthmatic attack during exercise and, before the symptoms developed, had a dramatic fall in the arterial PO2 with an unchanged PCO2. The possibility of a sudden drop in arterial PO2 should be kept in mind when children with bronchial asthma perform physical exercise. PMID- 6781917 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: allopurinol in the treatment of mice with experimental acute Chagas disease. PMID- 6781918 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: a complement-dependent receptor on adult male parasites. PMID- 6781919 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: effect on B-cell-responsive and -responding clones. PMID- 6781920 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: choline acetyltransferase activity in tissues of susceptible and resistant mice infected with the Brazil strain. PMID- 6781922 TI - Morphology of the carnation-light synthetic lethal focus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A histological study of the carnation-light lethal focus revealed morphological abnormalities in brain tissue. The ratio of core width to total brain width and brain texture consistently differed between lethal (car-lt) and their non-lethal sibs. PMID- 6781921 TI - A possible method for improving the efficacy of dapsone. AB - The antileprosy drug dapsone is unable to penetrate intact Mycobacterium leprae in vitro, as determined by its effect on o-diphenoloxidase in the bacilli. When combined with the peptide polylysine, the sulfone drug passes through the bacterial cell membranes, and penetrates the enzyme protein, resulting in a 100% inhibition of its activity. PMID- 6781923 TI - Growth-controlling factors produced during the logarithmic and stationary phases of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis grown to logarithmic phase and then inoculated into either fresh or conditioned medium exhibited a shorter lag phase than ciliates taken from stationary cultures. The growth inhibiting substance(s), which is probably produced by the growing ciliates, is thermostable and can be adsorbed to activated charcoal. PMID- 6781924 TI - Estimation of nonspecific lectin-mediated staining of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells. AB - Lectin-mediated stainings are widely used for the visualization of carbohydrate carrying cellular components using the electron microscope. The use of glutaraldehyde-fixed cells for these stainings introduces the possibility of low nonspecific lectin-trapping by the glutaraldehyde which coats the cells. This trapping was estimated by means of peroxidase-binding to human leukocytes. Tetrahymena pyriformis and Escherichia coli cells and was shown to be prevented by rinsing the glutaraldehyde-fixed cells in an amino solution before exposure to the lectin. PMID- 6781926 TI - Role of lactone ring of aflatoxin B1 in toxicity and mutagenicity. AB - Cleavage of the lactone ring of aflatoxin B1 results in a nonfluorescent compound that has greatly reduced biological activity. Mutagenicity, as measured by the Ames test, is reduced 450-fold compared to that of B1, and toxicity, as measured by the chick embryo test, is reduced 18-fold. PMID- 6781925 TI - The structure and function of tRNA genes of higher eukaryotes. AB - The most recent findings concerning the structure and function of tRNA genes of higher eukaryotes are discussed in an exemplary way. The tRNA genes of higher organisms are either dispersed or clustered at different sites of the genome. Clusters contain tRNA genes oriented in both directions and on both strands of the DNA with spacers of various length inbetween. Some genes contain intervening sequences close to the 3' side of the anticodon. The primary transcription product possesses a 5' leader and a 3' trailer sequence which are removed by several maturation steps in a strict temporal and spacial order. Internal transcription control regions (promotors) are located at the 5' and 3' ends of the mature tRNA coding section of the tRNA gene. External sequences modulating the efficiency of the expression are present at the immediate 5' ends of the genes. Transfer RNA genes are located nonrandomly in the nucleosomes. PMID- 6781927 TI - Identification of type A monoamine oxidase in mouse and rabbit liver mitochondria. AB - Type A monoamine oxidase was identified in liver mitochondria of mouse and rabbit. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was a common substrate for type A and type B monoamine oxidase in these enzyme preparations where its concentration was 1.0 mM. PMID- 6781928 TI - Platelet aggregation and stimulation of leucocyte procoagulant activity by rickettsial lipopolysaccharides in rabbits and in man. AB - The effects in vitro of 4 purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations from Rickettsiae on platelets and leucocytes were studied in rabbits and in man. All LPS induced aggregation in rabbit platelet-rich plasma but to differing degrees. This activity was abolished by inactivation of complement. None of the preparations induced aggregation of human platelets. Both rabbit and human leucocytes, when incubated with each of the rickettsial LPS preparations, generated a potent procoagulant activity (tissue factor). These findings add further support to the concept that rickettsial LPS behave as typical LPS from gram-negative bacteria and may be relevant to the understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for triggering intravascular coagulation in rickettsial diseases. PMID- 6781929 TI - Reserpine prevents goldthioglucose hypothalamic lesions in mice. AB - In reserpinized mice the occurrence of goldthioglucose hypothalamic lesions was significantly lower than in control mice. Some protection was also conferred by serotonin-receptor blockers and by treatment with nialamide + DL-alpha methyldopa, but the protective effect of reserpine was not reversed by serotonergic and dopaminergic agonists, alone or in combination, nor by insulin. PMID- 6781930 TI - Effect of liposomes containing cholesterol on a hepatic cholesterol-7 a hydroxylase and drug oxidation system. AB - A statistically significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the activities of the microsomal enzymes cholesterol-7 a-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17), biphenyl-4 hydroxylase, aniline hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome-c-reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) and p nitroanisole-O-demethylase, was shown in cholesterol-loaded rat liver microsomes. The data indicate that profound functional changes are induced in membrane proteins by exogenous cholesterol. PMID- 6781932 TI - Effects of sodium valproate administered acutely I.V. on human and experimental EEG epileptic foci. PMID- 6781931 TI - [Ultrastructural localization of estradiol and moxestrol in the gonadotropic cells of rat by immunocytology after cryo-ultramicrotomy: evidence for hormonal specificity (author's transl)]. AB - Estradiol (E2) was specifically localized by immunocytochemistry in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of the gonadotropic cells. The immunocytochemical reaction was not observed after injection of moxestrol, but it was not modified by injection of testosterone, progesterone, or dexamethasone. These data suggest that E2 might be bound to a high-affinity binding-site which could also have a hormonal specificity. PMID- 6781933 TI - Stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity by prostaglandins in the isolated cells of immature rat testis. PMID- 6781934 TI - How does Pseudomonas fluorescens, the producing organism of the antibiotic pseudomonic acid A, avoid suicide? PMID- 6781935 TI - Induction of ovulation in patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea by combined therapy with bromocriptine and clomiphene. AB - Bromocriptine is known to be effective in the treatment of women with hyperprolactinemic anovulation or amenorrhea-galactorrhea. A new schedule of combined treatment with bromocriptine and clomiphene citrate was applied to 23 patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea who failed to respond to clomiphene alone. Ovulation was restored by treatment in 14 of these patients (60.9%), resulting in pregnancy in 3 women. Treatment resulted in immediate suppression of serum prolactin levels and a gradual increase in serum luteinizing hormone levels and estradiol levels followed by a luteinizing hormone surge. The present results indicate that bromocriptine/clomiphene combination therapy is effective in the treatment of amenorrheic patients with normoprolactinemia who do not respond to clomiphene alone, and suggest that bromocriptine restores the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system to clomiphene. PMID- 6781936 TI - The value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in patients with prolactin secreting pituitary tumors and suprasellar non-pituitary tumors. AB - The prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (delta PRL) was normal in 7 (18%) of 38 patients with clinical evidence of a prolactinoma. A negative percentage correlation between basal PRL and delta PRL was found (P less than 0.05), but a percentage correlation between tumor size and delta PRL was absent. In a survey of literature concerning 548 patients, delta PRL after TRH administration amounted to 100% or more of the basal value in 11% of patients with clinical evidence of a prolactinoma and in 9% with an adenoma proven by surgery. Hyperprolactinemia was also present in 12 of our 21 patients (57%) with suprasellar tumors not related to pituitary tumors. In 7 of 11 of these hyperprolactinemic patients (64%), the PRL response to TRH was decreased. In conclusion, the TRH test may be helpful but is not decisive in the diagnostic work-up of hyperprolactinemia patients. PMID- 6781937 TI - Danazol may cause female pseudohermaphroditism. PMID- 6781938 TI - The effect of a synthetic progestogen, ethylnorgestrienone, on hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian function, cervical mucus, vaginal cytology, and endometrial morphology. AB - The antifertility mechanism of a new progestin preparation, ethylnorgestrienone (13 beta-ethyl-17 alpha-ethynyl-17-hydroxy-gona-4,9,11-triene-3-one) (R2323), was evaluated. The compound was administered orally in doses of 5 mg weekly to seven subjects for a total of nine treatment cycles. Each woman served as her own control and was studied during a normal menstrual cycle followed by a cycle in which she received R2323. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone, as well as cervical mucus properties, were studied serially during the control and treatment cycles. Results indicated that all control cycles were ovulatory. Ovulatory gonadotropin patterns were observed in four treated cycles, but preovulatory FSH and LH peaks and progesterone production during the luteal phase were suppressed significantly. Estradiol levels showed an early increase during the follicular phase and a significantly decreased preovulatory peak. Cervical mucus properties were altered and sperm penetration in cervical mucus was inhibited in all treatment cycles. These findings suggest that at least two different factors might be involved in the contraceptive mechanism of R2323: (1) alteration of the ovulatory process and progesterone production, and (2) cervical mucus changes leading to inhibition of sperm migration. PMID- 6781939 TI - Menstrual blood loss with contraceptive subdermal levonorgestrel implants. AB - Six Silastic capsules each containing 30 mg of levonorgestrel were inserted subcutaneously in the left forearms of 13 volunteer women for contraceptive purposes. Quantitative determinations of menstrual blood loss were performed during a control cycle and during a 1-month period at the 1st, 6th, and 12th months of treatment. Days on which bleeding and spotting occurred were recorded and hemoglobin concentrations were determined. No changes were found in the amount of menstrual blood loss between the control cycles and the treatment cycles. The mean number of bleeding days during each of the three recorded treatment periods was significantly greater than that in the control cycles. No changes in hemoglobin concentration were found. None of the patients became pregnant during the study. PMID- 6781940 TI - Long-term effect of D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on testicular size and luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels in hypothalamic hypogonadotropic males. AB - Six men, ages 18 to 34 years, with hypothalamic hypogonadotropism were treated with D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (10 micrograms intramuscularly on alternate days) for a period of 6 months. They underwent an intravenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) test (50 micrograms/sq m) before and after 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment. During the first 3 months of therapy, the mean (+/- standard deviation) testicular volume increased from 3.5 +/- 1.0 ml to 6.0 +/- 2.0 ml, but decreased to 5.0 +/- 1.0 ml after 6 months. A significant increase in the plasma LH response to LH-RH over pretreatment levels was noted after 1 month (10.2 +/- 4.2 mIU/ml versus 1.6 +/- 1.0 mIU/ml, P less than 0.001) and 3 months (3.0 +/- 1.6 mIU/ml, P less than 0.01) with a subsequent decline to pretreatment levels after 6 months of treatment. The follicle-stimulating hormone response to LH-RH was not significant. It is concluded that D-Trp6-LH-RH induced an initial stimulation in these patients but, probably because of the excessively high dose used, a paradoxical inhibitory response was obtained after 3 months of therapy. PMID- 6781941 TI - Absence of adrenal failure in the polyglandular failure syndrome with primary ovarian failure. PMID- 6781942 TI - The MHC: analyzing allograft rejection patterns in urodele and anuran amphibians. PMID- 6781943 TI - In vivo cell mediated immune response to M. tuberculosis and M. Salmoniphilum in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). PMID- 6781944 TI - The utilization of an estrogen assay system in obstetric practice. AB - Subsequent to reviewing 626 perinatal deaths in relation to estrogen assay, 1500 consecutive pregnancies were analyzed in detail in regard to utilization of urinary estrogen assays. 2710 assays were performed on 456 cases. The perinatal mortality rate in this high-risk group was 8.8 per 1000 compared with the overall hospital rate of 15.1. Estrogen assays give efficient aid to pregnancy management economically; ways in which their contribution could be improved are suggested. PMID- 6781945 TI - Stimulatory action of prostaglandin F2 alpha on androgen aromatization in the pig follicle. AB - Previous in vitro studies with pig tissues have demonstrated that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) can stimulate follicular prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) production, and both FSH and PGF2 alpha can stimulate follicular estradiol production. The present study was designed firstly to confirm that in the pig, as in the rat, FSH increases estradiol production by stimulation of the aromatase enzyme system, and secondly to investigate the possibility that PGF2 alpha may play a role in the FSH stimulation of androgen aromatization. FSH increased the incorporation of [3H]testosterone into estradiol during a 3-h incubation of halved pig follicles or isolated granulosa cells by 85% compared to controls. PGF2 alpha increased the incorporation by 107%, whilst the two substances together caused an increase of 124%. Indometacin, an inhibitor of PG synthesis, reduced the incorporation of 21% of the control value, and completely inhibited the FSH stimulation. These results show that FSH stimulates the aromatase enzyme system of pig granulosa cells, and suggest that PGF2 alpha may play an obligatory role in androgen aromatization. PMID- 6781946 TI - Biochemical studies of bone from diabetic rats and rats bearing transplanted pancreatic islets. AB - A comparison of lysozymal enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan metabolism in cortical bone found significantly increased activity in the presence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The presence of transplanted pancreatic islets and restitution of the normal systemic insulin and glucose values did not alter these changes. The enzyme activity of cancellous bone appeared to be even less responsive to diabetic pathology with changes developing only with advancing age. PMID- 6781947 TI - Mammalian tyrosinase: isozymic forms of the enzyme. PMID- 6781948 TI - Purification and properties of dog muscle pyruvate kinase. PMID- 6781949 TI - Enzymatic hypomethylation of inverted repeats in transcribed DNA regions of mouse P815 mastocytoma cells. PMID- 6781951 TI - On the synergistic action of androgen and FSH on progestin secretion of cultured rat granulosa cells. Cellular and mitochondrial cholesterol metabolism. AB - The effect of FSH and androgen on the conversion of cholesterol into progesterone by cultured rat granulosa cells (GC) was studied in intact cells or mitochondrial preparations. Culture of GC for immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol treated rats for 48 h in the presence of ovine FSH (5 microgram/ml) alone, or FSH + testosterone (Te; 0.5 microgram/ml) caused a slight increase in the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinic dehydrogenase, while Te had no effect. Culture with the hormones for 48 h had no significant effect on the levels of free and esterified cellular cholesterol. GC monolayers after 48 h with or without FSH and Te converted [3H]cholesterol into 4 major metabolites, 3 of which were secreted into the medium and, in thin-layer chromatographic behavior, resembled pregnenolone, progesterone and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone. The total amount of the 3 C-21 steroids was higher (p less than 0.01) in FSH- or Te-treated than in control cells, and combined treatment had a synergistic effect. The uptake of labeled cholesterol (4--10%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in cells pretreated with FSH or Te, whereas a combined FSH and Te treatment had an additive effect. Mitochondria isolated from GC monolayers took up cholesterol in a temperature-dependent fashion, but this uptake was not affected by hormonal pretreatment. In the presence of cyanoketone, the mitochondrial fractions activity converted cholesterol into pregnenolone. This activity was enhanced by FSH or Te (p less than 0.01), and further enhancement was observed with FSH + Te; the combined effect appeared to be more than additive (p = 0.05). The results suggest that both FSH and Te enhance the activity of cholesterol side chain cleavage, but do not affect the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria. A possible hormonal effect on a pre-mitochondrial step is discussed. PMID- 6781950 TI - Inhibitory effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone upon cultured testicular cells. AB - The direct inhibitory of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) upon testicular androgen production was studied in cultured testicular cells. Enzyme-dispersed testicular cells from immature hypophysectomized rats were cultured for 6 days in a serum-free medium with or without various hormones. Culture media were changed every 2 days and media concentration of a androgens was measured by radioimmunoassay. The testis cultures from immature rats secrete predominately 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (A-diol) and androsterone but negligible amounts of androstenedione, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Incubation of testicular cells with hCG and FSH increased A-diol and androsterone production as compared to control cultures. In contrast, treatment with GnRH or a GnRH agonist (des-Gly10, D-Leu6 (N alpha Me)Leu7, Pro9NHEt-GnRH) inhibited the gonadotropin effect in a dose-dependent manner; 10(-8) M GnRH inhibited A-diol production by approximately 20% on day 4 and 6 of culture whereas 10(-6) M GnRH inhibited A diol production by greater than 80%. The observed effect of GnRH upon testicular cells in primary culture demonstrates that the hypothalamic peptide directly inhibits testicular steroidogenesis. PMID- 6781953 TI - Two-dimensional gel patterns of protein species during development of Drosophila embryos. PMID- 6781952 TI - Steroid and plasminogen activator production by cultured rat granulosa cells in response to hormone treatment. AB - Granulosa cells isolated from immature, DES-primed female rats were incubated in medium-199 plus 10% chicken serum with addition of FSH, or testosterone, or both. Cultures were incubated at 37 degree C for 7 days; medium samples were taken daily and analyzed for steroids and plasminogen-activator production. Only cultures containing FSH + testosterone produced significant amounts of both estradiol and progesterone after 2 days of incubation. The rate of estradiol production increased steadily up to the 4th day and then leveled off; the production of progesterone reached a maximum around the 3rd day, and then declined rapidly afterward. FSH alone was able to stimulate plasminogen activator production at the first day. Cultures with FSH + testosterone produced an additional peak of plasminogen activator activity at the 4th day. Plasminogen activator production is thus not correlated with steroidogenesis in a simple way. We conclude that the granulosa cell require the presence of both FSH and testosterone at the beginning of incubation for normal response. Delayed addition of either hormone, or both, to the culture causes damage to the cells ability to produce normal responses to hormone treatment. PMID- 6781954 TI - Two distinct adhesion mechanisms in embryonic neural retina cells. III. Functional specificity. PMID- 6781955 TI - Reversible loss of acetylcholine receptor clusters at the developing rat neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6781956 TI - Serum glycosidase activity in diabetes mellitus. AB - The activity of three glycosidic enzymes, B-glucuronidase, N acetylglucosaminidase, and B-galactosidase were measured in plasma samples from 163 diabetic subjects and 72 normal controls. No age- or sex-based variation in concentration was noted in controls. Plasma activity of B-glucuronidase and N acetylglucosaminidase in diabetics correlated directly with the overall level of glycemia as measured by HbA1c levels. B-galactosidase activity was consistently normal in diabetics. A significant age-based variation was noted in the diabetic group for B-glucuronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase. Prior to age 12 B glucuronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase were normal in diabetics, but activity increased significantly after the age of 12, a change that appeared to coincide with the development of puberty. PMID- 6781957 TI - High density lipoprotein composition in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Although atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death in insulin-dependent diabetics, plasma levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (an independent "negative" risk factor for ASCVD) have been reported to be normal or high. To test whether alterations in HDL composition might increase potential risk of insulin-dependent diabetics to ASCVD, their major constituent apolipoproteins, A-I and A-II, were measured and compared with levels in controls. HDL cholesterol levels were slightly higher (P = NS) in diabetics than in controls. The HDL cholesterol/LDL cholesterol ratio (an inverse index of relative risk of developing ASCVD) was significantly higher in diabetic men than in controls (P less than 0.02). HDL composition differed markedly in diabetics and controls: the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) in both diabetic men and women (diabetic men--4.1 +/- 0.5, mean +/- SD, controls 3.6 +/- 0.4; diabetic women--4.6 +/- 0.4, controls 3.9 +/- 0.5). Subsequent analysis of plasma from four patients by analytic ultracentrifugation demonstrated a high correlation (r = 0.993, P less than 0.01) between the apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio and HDL2, the cholesterol-rich lighter subclass of HDL thought to be the group of particles involved in reduced risk of ASCVD. Therefore, the alteration of HDL composition in insulin-dependent diabetics appears similar to that associated with reduced risk in nondiabetics. Thus, whether a genetic or acquired abnormality, the high apolipoprotein A-I/A-II ratio in insulin-dependent diabetics does not appear to counteract their increased risk of developing ASCVD. PMID- 6781958 TI - Hormone regulation of glucose metabolism in the genetically obese-diabetic mouse (db/db): glucose metabolism in the perfused hindquarters of lean and obese mice. PMID- 6781959 TI - The cellular stimuli for the rejection of established islet allografts. AB - Previous work from our laboratory has indicated that the transplantation of pancreatic islets is a feasible approach to the problem of diabetes. A major obstacle to transplantation is presented by passenger leucocytes, which contaminate the preparations and can lead to the prompt rejection of fresh islets. We have extended our previous studies on the rejection of islet allografts by challenging transplanted animals with enriched lymphoid cell populations prepared from animals both syngeneic to the transplanted islets and third party. Rapid and complete rejection was observed when the challenge peritoneal exudate cell population was syngeneic with the transplanted islets; rejection was determined by both functional and histologic criteria. Peritoneal exudate cells from a third-party rat strain induced delayed and variable effects upon the function of the transplant. In contrast, splenic T-cells were capable of inducing rejection, regardless of the strain of origin, though the time course of T-cell-induced rejection was slower than that observed by syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells. Finally, splenic B-cells completely failed to induce rejection. Our data indicate that at least two mechanisms exist by which the rejection of islet allografts may be triggered. The first is a haplotype-specific mechanism initiated by a cell type present at high frequency in peritoneal exudate cells; these are probably macrophages. The second mechanism is initiated by immunocompetent T-cells; this mechanism shows no haplotype specificity. We suggest that both macrophages and T-cells must be considered when devising protocols for the removal of passenger leucocytes from allografts. PMID- 6781960 TI - The mechanism of hyperchloremic acidosis during the recovery phase of diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - To determine the mechanism of hyperchloremic acidosis during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), serial measurements were made in eight patients of serum and urinary electrolytes and organic acids, and of urinary net acid. On admission, the average decrease in serum total CO2 was 17.5 mmol/L, corresponding to the excess anion gap, 18.5 meq/L, and the serum organic acids, 17.1 meq/L. With the treatment, the anion gap and organic acids decreased by 16.1 and 14.7 meq/L, respectively, but the serum CO2 increased only by 8.4 mmol/L; serum electrolyte balance was maintained by increase in chloride concentration. Fluid retention was insufficient to explain the disparity between the increase in CO2 and the decrease in organic acids. Renal loss of bicarbonate precursors during treatment was modest and was exceeded by renal bicarbonate production. The disparity between the increase in serum CO2 and the decrease in organic acids during treatment of DKA may be explained to a large extent by a difference in volume of distribution between bicarbonate and organic anions. The renal loss of ketone anions before admission, however, is ultimately responsible for the persistence of substantial metabolic acidosis. PMID- 6781961 TI - Phenytoin therapy for epileptic children: evaluation of salivary and plasma concentrations and of methods of assessing compliance. AB - Monitoring phenytoin therapy in children is difficult because they fear blood sampling, yet frequent control of phenytoin levels may be necessary because of the age-dependence of phenytoin metabolism. In 22 patients aged between six and 15 years, phenytoin concentrations were studied in mixed saliva and parotid saliva and were compared with plasma levels from blood obtained at the same time. For mixed saliva, the saliva: plasma concentration ratio was 0.11 +/- SD 0.04 and in parotid saliva it was 0.10 +/- 0.06. In addition, compliance was studied in 13 children, each receiving between three and seven different quantities of phenytoin. Clinical judgement about compliance agreed well with the two laboratory measures. A graphic analysis of the relationship between plasma concentration and dosage is proposed as practical method of assessing compliance, because it appears to be both simple and reliable, and therefore suitable for routine use. PMID- 6781963 TI - Efficient pancreatic islet cell preparation utilizing a new tissue chopper prior to transplantation. PMID- 6781962 TI - Hormonal and metabolic effects of chlorpropamide, glibenclamide and placebo in a cross-over study in diabetics not controlled by diet alone. PMID- 6781964 TI - Lipoprotein patterns in diet, sulphonylurea, and insulin treated diabetics. AB - In order to study the lipoprotein pattern in diabetes mellitus, plasma lipoproteins were isolated by rate zonal centrifugation in 12 control subjects (median fasting blood glucose level: 80 mg/dl (range: 74-86)), 14 diabetic patients treated by diet alone 104 mg/dl (76-153), 27 patients treated by diet plus insulin (180 mg/dl (106-404)), and 32 patients treated by diet plus sulphonylurea [178 mg/dl (103-361)]. No significant differences of median relative body weight existed between the four groups. Neither the diabetic group on diet alone nor the insulin-treated group differed significantly from control subjects with respect to lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. Diabetics treated with diet plus sulphonylurea, however, differed significantly from the control group with regard to the following parameters (median and range); plasma triglycerides (210 [75-620) mg/dl; p less than 0.01)] and intermediate density lipoproteins (65 (10-338) mg/dl; p less than 0.05)) were higher; low density lipoproteins (236 (82-418) mg/dl; p less than 0.05)) and high density lipoproteins2 (HDL2) [51 (12-121) mg/dl; p less than 0.01)] concentrations were lower. When data from all 85 studied individuals were analysed together, significant positive correlations were observed between fasting blood glucose and plasma triglyceride concentration (r = 0.28, p less than 0.01), and between fasting blood glucose and plasma very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) (r = 0.23, p less than 0.05). A negative correlation was found between blood glucose and plasma HDL2 (r = -0.29, p less than 0.01). In addition, VLDL correlated negatively with HDL2 (r = -0.89, p less than 0.001) but not with plasma HDL3 concentration. It is concluded that the deranged lipoprotein metabolism in diabetes mellitus may be better controlled by insulin than by sulphonylureas. PMID- 6781965 TI - Bone mass in obese, goldthioglucose-treated, hyperglycaemic mice. AB - In contrast to insulin-dependent diabetics, bone mass in obese non-insulin dependent diabetics seems to be greater than in normal subjects. Hyperglycaemic, obese goldthioglucose mice were studied as a model for this last type of diabetes. A significantly greater cortical bone mass (cortical surface: 1.32 mm2 vs 1.15 mm2 for controls, p less than 0.01) with enhanced bone apposition was found together with a significantly greater trabecular bone mass (trabecular surface 0.17 mm2 vs 0.13 mm2, p = 0.05) increasing bone solidity. The pathogenesis is unclear but hyperinsulinism and overnutrition may be contributory factors. PMID- 6781967 TI - Alkaline elution assay as a potentially useful method for assessing DNA damage induced in vivo by diazoalkanes. AB - In order to evaluate directly in vivo the extent of correlation existing between mutagenic-carcinogenic activity of diazoalkanes and their DNA damaging activity, alkaline elution was used to study the induction of single-strand breaks in and repair of DNA from mice treated with N-diazoacetylglycine amide (DGA). A dose dependent DNA fragmentation was present, 4 hr after ip injection of single doses of DGA, in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow. The differences among these organs in the amount of DNA damage were small, even if sometimes statistically significant. Elution profiles indicated that a progressive conversion of alkali-labile sites to single-strand breaks took place in the first 50 min of elution. Twenty-four hr after treatment with 1000 mg/kg, DNA damage was only slightly reduced in liver, lung and bone marrow. A detailed statistical analysis of the variability of experimental results is reported in order to give information about the reliability of the method, and to allow the possibility of calculating the number of separate experiments required to reach statistical significance for a given increase of DNA elution rate. PMID- 6781966 TI - [The protective effects of glucose in ischaemia, anoxia and reoxygenation (author's transl)]. AB - In the present study we used a model of underperfusion or anoxia followed by reperfusion to assess the role of glycolysis by substituting pyruvate or mannitol for glucose as substrate. Hearts were removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 400 g) and perfused by the technique of Langendorff. The perfusate was Krebs Henseleit bicarbonate buffer gassed with 95% O2, 5% CO2 or with 95% N2, 5% CO2 mixture and containing substrates as can be seen in the figures. The mild ischemia was obtained by reducing the perfusion pressure by 70%, from 60-70 cm H2O to 10-20 cm H2O. The coronary flow was rapidly reduced to 0.8 +/- 0.03 ml/min within the first 5 minutes. After mild ischemia anaerobic glycolysis was accelerated because lactate production in ischemic hearts perfused with glucose (36.2 +/- 15.3 microM/g/min-1) was higher than in the ischemic hearts perfused with mannitol (6.8 +/- 1.9 microM/g/min-1). During mild ischemia or anoxia there was little difference in the rate of release of creatin-kinase for all the substrates tested, but major differences become apparent on reperfusion. In that period the highest values of CK release were found in mannitol perfused hearts, the lowest in glucose perfused hearts. These results suggest that the rate of glycolytic flux during mild ischemia or anoxia may prevent enzyme release. The beneficial effect of glucose has been observed also during reperfusion. In fact enzyme release was higher in hearts reperfused with glucose than with pyruvate. When pyruvate is the only exogenous substrate available for isolated oxigenated hearts, tissue levels of citric acid cycle intermediates are high and oxidation of these substrates can account for 100% of the oxygen consumption. Therefore we suppose that oxidation of noncarbohydrate substrates such as pyruvate in reperfusion is complicated by the high mitochondrial damage. As a consequence anaerobic glycolytic pathway may play a special role in the maintenance of the membrane integrity also in the early phases of reperfusion. PMID- 6781968 TI - Induction of possible cancer in the human bronchus implanted into athymic nude mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. PMID- 6781969 TI - [When and how to look for a deficiency of intestinal lactase?]. PMID- 6781970 TI - [Breath hydrogen for detecting lactase deficiency. I. Methodological and statistical analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781971 TI - [Breath hydrogen for detecting lactase deficiency. II. Relation between intestinal lactase activity, breath hydrogen and blood glucose during lactose tolerance test in 73 adult patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6781972 TI - [Hepatic alterations during prolonged total parenteral nutrition in cryptogenetic enterocolitis. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural study]. PMID- 6781973 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone inhibits pancreatic enzyme secretion in humans. AB - Recent studies have shown that thyrotropin-releasing hormone is present in gastrointestinal tissues and has effects on gastrointestinal motility and secretion. In the present study, we have investigated in healthy subjects the effects of various doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on secretin cholecystokinin-stimulated pancreatic secretion. Intravenous infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone at doses of 4, 20, and 100 microgram/30 min, administered during a constant pancreatic stimulation with secretin (0.5 Clinical Units/kg/h) and cholecystokinin (0.5 Ivy dog units/kg/h), produced a significant decrease in lipase and chymotrypsin secretion without affecting volume and bicarbonate secretion. The decrease appeared immediately with the lowest dose of TRH employed, and was progressively more marked with increasing doses of the hormone. Compared with the control experiments, the maximal inhibition of lipase output reached -17.6%, -37.2%, and -43%, and the maximal inhibition of chymotrypsin output -18.2%, -39.3%, and -44.9%, for the three doses of thyrotropin-releasing hormone employed, respectively. It is concluded that TRH has a marked inhibitory effect on the enzymatic component of the pancreatic secretion stimulated by submaximal doses of secretin and cholecystokinin. The physiologic importance of this effect remains to be defined. PMID- 6781974 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes in the human pancreas. AB - Carbonic anhydrase exists in two main forms (isoenzymes C and B) which differ from each other immunologically and in their level of activity, for instance. It is important to know the location of the enzyme in order to obtain a better understanding of its physiologic role. Since previous histochemical studies using metal salt methods for the demonstration of carbonic anhydrase activity have produced unsatisfactory results, the immunoperoxidase technique is applied here to investigate the location of the isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase in the human pancreas. Isoenzyme C was localized specifically in the epithelium of the intra- and interlobular ducts, whereas the isoenzyme B was found only in the erythrocytes of the tissue. No carbonic anhydrase was found in the islets of Langerhans. The immunohistochemical results were confirmed by double immunodiffusion, in which the pancreatic tissue fluid from the thawed frozen sections generated a strong precipitation line with the rabbit antiserum against isoenzyme C and a very weak precipitation with the antiserum against the isoenzyme B. PMID- 6781975 TI - Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome. PMID- 6781976 TI - Chronic biliary drainage corrects liver atrophy induced by portacaval shunt in the rat. AB - Portacaval shunt induces a severe liver atrophy. The relative liver hypertrophy induced by chronic biliary drainage was studied by electron microscopy. Rats with either portacaval or sham portacaval shunt had a 4-day chronic bile fistula. Compared with rats not submitted to chronic bile fistula, liver weight/body weight ratio increased from 1.84 to +/- 0.12 to 3.54 +/- 0.48 (p less than 0.05) in portacaval shunt and from 3.52 +/- 0.15 to 3.64 +/- 0.40 (p less than 0.05) in sham portacaval shunt (controls). Chronic bile fistula stimulated bile acid synthesis in the two groups. Furthermore, the initial low bile flow observed in portacaval shunt (rats) reached control values after chronic bile fistula. Ultrastructural abnormalities observed in portacaval shunt: atrophy of the hepatocyte mainly related to the atrophy of the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, irregularity of the nucleus, dilatation of the nuclear envelope and of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and swelling of mitochondria, were greatly modified by chronic bile fistula. The hepatocyte size increased, mitochondria appeared smaller than normal, the nuclear envelope and the rough endoplasmic reticulum were not dilated, and the rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum were expanded. Chronic bile fistula had no noticeable effect on the liver in sham portacaval shunt. Either stimulation of bile salts synthesis or removal of bile salts, which could be toxic for the atrophic liver, are possible explanations for the relative hypertrophy of the liver. PMID- 6781977 TI - Colonic adenocarcinoma associated with chronic colitis in cotton top marmosets, Saguinus oedipus. AB - Colitis is a common disease of cotton top marmosets, Saguinus oedipus, characterized by crypt abscesses and inflammation of lamina propria. In more advanced colitis there is marked irregularity of mucosal surface, distortion of crypt architecture and epithelium, increased numbers of mitoses, and decreased numbers of goblet cells. Foci of pleomorphic cells arranged in poorly formed glands or sheets, interpreted as carcinoma in situ, also occur. Many such cases have invasive colonic adenocarcinoma with metastasis to colonic lymph nodes but not elsewhere. Analysis of necropsy data from a group of 210 marmosets in captivity for 3.5 yr revealed that the incidence of advanced colitis, adenocarcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma increased markedly over that period. A strong association between colitis and adenocarcinoma was suggested by both morphologic and epidemiologic data. PMID- 6781978 TI - Adaptation to increasing loads of total parenteral nutrition: metabolic, endocrine, and insulin receptor responses. PMID- 6781979 TI - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on gut hormone release in humans. PMID- 6781980 TI - The mechanism of action of sodium valproate. PMID- 6781981 TI - Assessment of variability within electromorphs of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Ninety-six isochromosomal lines of Drosophila melanogaster from a natural population were screened electrophoretically for unusual mobility variants at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus, using a total of eight conditions of acrylamide electrophoresis. No additional mobility variation was found among the 50 "slow" and 46 "fast" mobility lines beyond that detected by standard methods of electrophoresis. However, two thermostability variants recovered by R. MILKMAN from a natural population, whose electrophoretic mobilities were previously thought to be distinguishable from those of "standard" alleles, are distinguishable from the standard electromorphs by these procedures. These results suggest that the Adh locus, although polymorphic, does not harbor substantial amounts of "hidden" allelic variability. This study also reports the appearance of substantial mobility variation among isogenic lines that can be induced under specific conditions of sample preparation involving the pretreatment of samples with NAD and acetone. However, genetic analysis demonstrates that this variability cannot be attributed to allelic differences at the structural locus, but instead appears to be dependent upon the concentration of the enzyme in a sample. These results are discussed in relation to the distribution of allelic variation at other enzyme loci. PMID- 6781982 TI - Biochemical differences between products of the Adh locus in Drosophila. AB - An analysis of the molecular properties of the major alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1.) allozyme variants found segregating in natural populations of D. melanogaster is presented. Our results indicate: (1) ADH-S enzyme has generally lower Michaelis-Menten constants than those of ADH-F; (2) ADH-S and ADH-F enzymes display opposite interactions for both co-factor and substrate; and (3) higher levels of ADH are associated with the Adh-fast genotype. The possible adaptive significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6781983 TI - Developmental stability opf Drosophila melanogaster under artificial and natural selection in constant and fluctuating environments. AB - Populations of Drosophila melanogaster in constant 25 degrees and fluctuating 20/29 degrees environments showed increases in developmental stability, indicated by decreases in bilateral asymmetry of sterno-pleural chaeta number. In both environments, rates of decrease in asymmetry were greater under natural selection (control lines) than under artificial stabilizing selection. Overall mean asymmetry was greater in the fluctuating environment.--There was no evidence that decreased asymmetry was due to heterozygosity, and the decline in asymmetry was not explained by the decline in chaeta number in the lines under natural selection. However, the decline was consistent with changes in total phenotypic variance and environmental variance.--The divergence between lines after 39 generations of selection was seen in differences in asymmetry and also in the genotype-environment interaction expressed in cross-culturing experiments. PMID- 6781984 TI - Mutations affecting synthesis of beta-galactosidase activity in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - Fifty-one mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis that cannot grow on lactose (Lac-) were isolated and characterized. All the mutations are in nuclear genes, are recessive in their wild-type allele and define seven complementation groups, which we designate lac3 through lac9. Strains bearing mutations in lac3, lac5, lac7, lac8 and lac9 are also unable to grow on galactose (Gal-). Since the Gal- and Lac- phenotype co-segregate, they are probably due to a single mutation. Strains bearing mutations in any of the seven complementation groups grow normally on glucose. However, strains bearing mutations in lac3, lac5 and lac6 do not grow on glucose if lactose is also present in the medium. Likewise, strains bearing mutations in lac3 and lac5 do not grow on glucose in the presence of galactose. Complementation groups lac4 and lac5 are loosely linked and map within a cluster of auxotrophic mutations on a chromosome that we designate chromosome 2. The remaining five groups are unlinked. Thus, there is no evidence for clustering of Lac genes into an operon-like regulatory unit.--To further characterize the nature of the Lac- phenotype, the basal and inducible level of beta-galactosidase activity were measured. All mutants had nearly normal basal enzyme levels, except those in lac4, which had barely detectable levels. Inducible enzyme levels varied from barely detectable levels in mutants bearing lac4 mutations up to four-fold inducible levels in strains bearing mutations in other complementation groups. In all cases, however, induction levels were below the 30-fold level obtained in wild-type cells. Three strains bearing lac5 mutations contain increased enzyme activity in the absence of inducer, indicating constitutive synthesis of beta galactosidase. In summary, these data indicate that several genes are necessary for synthesis of beta-galactosidase activity. PMID- 6781985 TI - Male-specific lethal mutations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A total of 7,416 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-treated second chromosomes and 6,212 EMS-treated third chromosomes were screened for sex-specific lethals. Four new recessive male-specific lethal mutations were recovered. When in homozygous condition, each of these mutations kills males during the late larval or early pupal stages, but has no detectable effect in females. One mutant, mlets, is a temperature sensitive allele of maleless, mle (Fukunaga, Tanaka and Oishi 1975), while the other three mutants identify two new loci: male-specific lethal-1 (msl 1) (two alleles) at map position 2-53.3 and male-specific lethal-2 (msl-2) at 2 9.0----The male-specific lethality associated with these mutants is not related to the sex per se of the mutant flies, since sex-transforming genes fail to interact with these mutations. Moreover, the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in males or females has no influence on the male-specific lethal action of these mutations. Finally, no single region of the X chromosome, when present as a duplication, is sufficient to rescue males from the lethal effects of msl-1 or msl-2. These results suggest that the number of complete X chromosomes determines whether a fly homozygous for a male-specific lethal mutation lives or dies. PMID- 6781986 TI - Maternal-zygotic lethal interactions in Drosophila melanogaster: the effects of deficiencies in the zeste-white region of the X chromosome. AB - The possibility that essential loci in the zeste-white region of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome are expressed both maternally and zygotically has been tested. Maternal gene activity was varied by altering gene dose, and zygotic gene activity was manipulated by use of position-effect variegation of a duplication. Viability is affected when both maternal and zygotic gene activity are reduced, but not when either maternal or zygotic gene activity is normal. Tests of a set of overlapping deficiencies demonstrate that at least three sections of the zeste white region yield maternal zygotic lethal interactions. Single-cistron mutations at two loci in one of these segments have been tested, and maternal heterozygosity for mutations at both loci give lethal responses of mutant duplication zygotes. Thus, at least four of the 13 essential functions coded in the zeste-white region are active both maternally and zygotically, suggesting that a substantial fraction of the genome may function at both stages. The normal survival of zygotes when either maternal gene expression or zygotic gene expression is normal, and their inviability when both are depressed, suggests that a developmental stage exists when maternally determined functions and zygotically coded functions are both in use. PMID- 6781987 TI - Pattern mosaicism for behavior controlled by the yellow locus in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6781988 TI - [Supplemental parenteral feeding after operations in suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura]. PMID- 6781989 TI - Stage I grade III endometrial carcinoma: evaluation of treatment and recommendations for management. PMID- 6781990 TI - cis-Platinum-hexamethylmelamine therapy of advanced ovarian cancer. PMID- 6781991 TI - [Craniofacial mucormycosis]. PMID- 6781992 TI - [The available and the desirable in the British National Health Service]. PMID- 6781993 TI - [Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs on prostaglandin synthesis and release (author's transl)]. AB - Inhibitory action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)on the synthesis and release of prostaglandin (PG) was studied both in vivo and in vitro. In the experiment with PG synthetase from beef seminal vesicle, the potency of NSAID on the inhibitory action of PGE synthesis was: flurbiprofen greater than 4-(p-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-5-thiazoleacetic acid (CH-800) greater than indomethacin greater than diclofenac-NA greater than aspirin. Inflamed synovial tissue, as induced 6 hours after carrageenin injection into the knee joint cavity of rats was used to examine the inhibitory action of NSAID on PGE release from the tissue. Both in vivo and in vitro, CH-800 was the most potent and flurbiprofen and indomethacin were next potent of the five drugs. Effects of NSAID on the excretion of PGE and PG main urinary metabolite (PGMUM) in rat urine were determined. The excretion of urinary PGE was significantly decreased by administration of NSAID. Flurbiprofen and CH-800 had the most potent inhibitory action on the excretion of PGEMUM, but the urinary excretion of PGFMUM was not significantly inhibited by NSAID. Thus, the inhibitory effects of NSAID associated with PG synthesis were generally in proportion to the effect of the drugs with PG synthetase, however, there were differences regarding PG synthesis in inflamed tissue and the urinary excretion of PG metabolites. PMID- 6781994 TI - Production of beta-glucosidase, exo-beta-1,4-glucanase and endo-beta-1,4 glucanase by selected microscopic fungi. AB - Production of beta-glucosidase, exo-beta-1,4-glucanase and endo-beta-1,4 glucanase was screened in 58 species of imperfect fungi, mucoral fungi and some ascomycetes. beta-Glucosidase activity was found in all of the tested microorganisms, exo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity in 23, and endo-beta 1,4=glucanase activity in 38 microorganisms. Growth on cellobiose was found in all tested microorganisms, growth on carboxymethylcellulose in in 38 tested strains. PMID- 6781995 TI - Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv infection induced by Listeria and mycobacterial lipids. AB - The avirulent strain Listeria monocytogenes (Welshimer) induced upon a single injection 4 weeks prior to challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv resistance in guinea-pigs, which was manifested by a significant decrease of spleen weight and Feldman's index in immunized animals. The degree of resistance was dependent on the immunizing dose and time of administration. Repeated high doses of Listeria yielded only a low or no effect. Further increase of resistance was obtained using the BCG lipids; however, stimulation of resistance with listeria lipids was not successful and, finally, Freund's incomplete adjuvant was significantly effective in the Feldman index only. The BCG lipids, extracted with ethanol, which contained nitrogen and water-soluble substances, induced a significant resistance against M. tuberculosis infection. The chloroform-methanol BCG lipids were also effective, however, significantly less than the ethanol extracted material. The listeria factor Ei itself or together with Freund's incomplete adjuvant possessed only low effectiveness against mycobacterial infection. However, if injected together with ethanol-extracted BCG lipids, it produced a significant degree of resistance which was higher than that induced by lipids only. The degree of resistance was comparable with the effect of living BCG strain which served as a source of isolated lipids. PMID- 6781996 TI - [Is viral hepatitis losing its dreadfulness?]. PMID- 6781997 TI - [Luteal insufficiency as a prolactin-related disorder of the menstrual cycle]. AB - Infertile women exhibiting a short luteal phase in 3 consecutive menstrual cycles as judged from basal body temperature recordings underwent a prolactin (PRL) stimulation test with metoclopramide (MTCL) on day 22 of the 4th cycle. While serum progesterone (P) concentrations were decreased (less than 35 nmol/l), PRL was increased only in about two thirds of the women. When compared to normally ovulating women, 3 groups could be segregated: in group I basal (less 500 mU/l) as well as MTCL stimulated PRL (less 8000 mU/l) was normal; in group II-patients only basal PRL levels were elevated; in group III baseline levels of serum PRL were at the borderline, but PRL release after MTCL stimulation was exaggerated. Correlation of sleep induced PRL peaks, observed during the night preceding the MTCL test, with maximal MTCL stimulated PRL showed a positive relation (r = 0.7, p less than 0.05) in group I- and III-patients as well as in normal volunteers. Suppression of PRL release by bromocriptin (2.5 mg bid) from the day following the MTCL test resulted in significantly reduced basal as well stimulated serum PRL on day 22 of the treatment cycle. Luteal P secretion was normalized in group II- and III-patients only. The data presented indicate that some of the patients with luteal phase defects react to various stimuli with an exaggerated PRL release, while others exhibit permanently increased serum PRL levels. Inappropriate luteal P secretions is not only caused by PRL elevations, but also by other pathophysiological mechanisms. This is underlined by the fact that bromocriptin treatment resulted in normalization of luteal P output only, when PRL was elevated. PMID- 6781998 TI - [Effectiveness of a lactobacillus vaccine on trichomonas infections in women. Preliminary results]. AB - This is the report on a multi-centre study of the treatment of 444 women with trichomoniasis vaginalis using Solcotrichovac, a vaccine containing at least 7 x 10(9) inactivated microorganisms of various strains of lactobacillus acidophilus in each 0.5 ml dose. One year after the first vaccination 427 of the patients (96.2%) were followed up, and 92.5% of them were found to be cured of clinical symptoms; the remaining 7.5% must be considered as not cured, as either the slide or the culture was positive. We are convinced by these results that vaccination with Solcotrichovac represents an enhancement of therapeutic opportunities for the treatment of trichomoniasis vaginalis. PMID- 6781999 TI - [Long-term therapy of hypercholesteremia in diabetics with colestipol]. AB - 64 hypercholesterolemic diabetics (17 males and 47 females) were treated with Colestipol for 3 years. An average reduction of 29% in serum cholesterol levels was observed after 3 years. An increase in triglyceride levels was observed in several instances. Other laboratory data failed to reveal any deviation from normal ranges. Gastrointestinal complaints and constipation were initially noted with onset of therapy. These side effects resolved with continuation of treatment. PMID- 6782000 TI - [Ectopic ossification after alloplasty of the hip joint using a total endoprosthesis in ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine]. PMID- 6782001 TI - Cysts of the esophagus. AB - Among the pathological changes producing dysphagia, cysts are of only minor importance. Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus as a consequence of cystic esophagitis with scarring of the submucosa and subsequent stenosis, has been observed more frequently in recent years. Congenital cysts are rarely diagnosed preoperatively. Their removal presents no technical problems. It should be remembered that esophageal cysts might be the reason for dysphagia. PMID- 6782002 TI - IRI-secretion in MOD with and without SU (5 year control). PMID- 6782003 TI - Cytochrome P450 mediated drug metabolism in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. PMID- 6782004 TI - Short-term response of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol, testosterone-glucosiduronate and estradiol-17 beta as measured in the spermatic vein of human male subjects after infusion of gonadotropins. AB - In 8 male subjects with normal testicular function, blood was drawn from the left spermatic vein and from the right cubital vein before and during an infusion of 4,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (preceded by a bolus of 1,000 IU) or of 500 IU hCG plus human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), respectively, within 30 min. Testosterone levels in the spermatic vein blood increased rapidly up to 518 or 215%, respectively. An increase of estradiol-17 beta and of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone concentrations in spermatic vein blood was observed only in 1 and 2 subjects, respectively. It was shown that the human testicle releases also 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and testosterone-glucosiduronate. Both steroids did not respond to the short-term infusion of gonadotropins. The same holds true for all five steroids measured in peripheral vein blood. PMID- 6782005 TI - Hospitals make special efforts for long-term and disabled patients: RV parking. PMID- 6782006 TI - Roles, relevance, costs of hospital education and training debated. AB - Cost-benefits of hospital education and training; delineation of hospital educators' roles; and development of appropriate programs, particularly health promotion and continuing medical education programs, continued at issue in 1980. PMID- 6782007 TI - Ambulatory cardiac catheterization cuts costs for hospital and patients. AB - Performing cardiac catheterization on ambulatory patients has proved to be a cost effective alternative to inpatient care that results in minimal difficulty and risk to the patient. PMID- 6782008 TI - Low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) production by rat peritoneal mononuclear phagocytes. AB - A low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) which has previously been found within mast cells and polymorphonuclear cells is shown to be released from highly purified rat peritoneal macrophages on exposure to the calcium ionophore A 23187 or after phagocytosis of zymosan coated with complement (Z x). The ECF is not performed, its release does not correlate with that of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, and its molecular weight is similar to that of ECF in mast cells and neutrophils. Thus, the macrophage has to be added to the list of cells able to regulate eosinophil accumulation at tissue sites. PMID- 6782009 TI - Monoclonal and polyclonal xenoantibodies to the HLA-A, B, C antigenic molecular complex do not affect the functional activity of C3 receptors. PMID- 6782010 TI - Polymorphism of C3 in rabbits. PMID- 6782011 TI - The C4 system: quantitative studies of different genotypes. PMID- 6782012 TI - Serum concentration and functional efficiency of factor B alleles. PMID- 6782013 TI - A hemolytically inactive gene product of factor B. PMID- 6782014 TI - Humoral immunodeficiency in chickens induced by chemical bursectomy with colchicine applied on the anal lips. AB - Colchicine was applied on the anal lips of chickens on 4 consecutive days after hatching. At the ages of 4 and 10 weeks the agglutinin responses to Brucella abortus and to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) after intraperitoneal and per anum immunization were decreased in these animals. IgG and IgM antibodies to Brucella, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were also diminished in 12 week-old chickens. The total concentration of plasma IgG, measured by the ELISA inhibition method, was diminished whereas the IgM level was not influenced by the colchicine treatment. These results broadly resemble the findings after surgical bursectomy or cyclophosphamide treatment. It can be concluded that colchicine applied on the anal lips of chickens causes a long-lasting deficiency of humoral immunity and thus seems to be a useful new tool in the exploration of the humoral immune functions of the chickens. PMID- 6782015 TI - Immunobilization & characterization of Kluveromyces fragilis beta-galactosidase. PMID- 6782016 TI - Aflatoxin B1 hydroxylation in vitamin A- and C-deficient guineapig liver. PMID- 6782017 TI - Biochemical studies on the H-2K antigens of the MHC mutant bml. AB - Biochemical analysis of the H-2K-gene product from the MHC mutant strain bml and from the C57BL/6 parent strain has been carried out in order to characterize the structural differences between parent and mutant K-gene products. Based on comparative tryptic peptide mapping of the cyanogen bromide fragments from these glycoproteins, two peptide differences were localized to the CN-Ia fragment. Partial amino-acid sequence analysis revealed two alterations in the primary structure of Kbml involving substitutions of tyrosine for arginine at position 155, and tyrosine for leucine at position 156. Both of these amino-acid replacements require a minimum of two nucleotide base changes at the nucleic acid level. These changes were the only alterations noted differentiating the Kbml and Kb glycoproteins. However, because our techniques allow us to analyze only 75 to 80 percent of the extra cellular portion of H-2Kb, it is possible there are other undetected changes. Nonetheless, the biochemical data are consistent with the hypothesis that the structural alterations noted in the Kbml mutant glycoprotein are directly related to the observed immunological specificity relative to the parent Kb molecule. Peptide comparisons of the Kb molecules of two C57BL/6 sublines and of the H-2b lymphoblastoid cell line, EL-4, disclosed no difference. PMID- 6782019 TI - Treatment of hemophilia with factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 6782018 TI - A monoclonal mouse antiallotype antibody reacts with certain human and other vertebrate immunoglobulins: genetic and phylogenetic findings. AB - A new mouse monoclonal antibody, 18.1, recognizes an allotypic determinant on mouse IgG1 of the "a" allotype. We found that this alloantibody reacts with immunoglobulins of evolutionarily distant vertebrate species including man, and with only certain isotypes or allotypes in some of these species. Most mammalian sera are reactive, except those from lagomorphs, marsupials, and monostremes. Avian and reptilian sera are also positive, while the amphibian and fish sera tested were negative. In human sera, 18.1 detects the isotypic marker on IgG2 and an allotypic marker on IgG3. This reactivity parallels the distribution of the Gm non-g determinant. These findings are discussed in relation to the phylogeny of IgG and its subclasses. PMID- 6782020 TI - Empty sella syndrome, pulsating exophthalmos, and calvarial bone defects in a case of neurofibroma. PMID- 6782021 TI - Isolation of aldosterone-stimulating factor (ASF) and its effect on rat adrenal glomerulosa cells in vitro. AB - A protein fraction has been isolated from normal human urine which upon chronic administration produced hypertension in rats. The hypertension is associated with retention of sodium and increased circulating aldosterone. The protein fraction has been purified to homogeneity, and its molecular weight has been determined to be 26,134 daltons by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The compound has been identified to be clearly different from ACTH, angiotensin II, and beta lipotropin. It stimulated aldosterone production from rat glomerulosa cells in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion from 10(-9) to 10(-4)M with a maximum stimulation at 10(-7) where a fourfold increase was obtained during 2 hours of incubation. Removal of some carbohydrate moieties by insoluble neuraminidase caused a twofold increase in aldosterone production in vitro. The protein fraction has been named "aldosterone-stimulating factor" or "ASF." Further studies are in progress to define its physiological role. PMID- 6782022 TI - Mast cell degranulation associated with sequestration and removal of Trichinella spiralis antigens. AB - Mast cell degranulation which occurred following the subcutaneous injection of trichinella larval antigen into trichinella-infected mice was found to be associated with antigen binding by the released granules and with the uptake of granule antigen complexes by phagocytic cells. Similar activity could be demonstrated in vitro, and in addition it was found that living intact mastocytoma and peritoneal mast cells rapidly took up fluorescein-labeled larval antigen and stored it in their cytoplasmic granules as evidenced by perigranular fluorescence. Complex formation between heparin and trichinella antigens as well as other related and unrelated parasitic antigens could readily be demonstrated using in vitro methods. These observations strongly suggest that mast cells play a significant and important supportive role in parasitic infections. PMID- 6782023 TI - Occupational asthma due to inhalation of chloramine-T. I. Clinical observations and inhalation-provocation studies. AB - Respiratory symptoms developed in 5 patients who were exposed to chloramine-T, a potent disinfectant used in cleaning butcheries, kitchens, and operating theaters. Skin tests, performed in 4 patients, showed an immediate type of wheal and flare reaction followed by a late-type infiltrative reaction. In 3 patients, inhalation tests with chloramine-T were done. 1 patient showed asthmatic bronchial obstruction, immediately after inhalation, followed by a late-type asthmatic reaction after some hours. 2 patients only exhibited late-type reactions, 4-8 h after challenge. The late bronchial response lasted for several hours or even days and was accompanied by leukocytosis in all 3 patients and a slight fever in 1 patient. No evidence of alveolar involvement appeared. Pre challenge inhalation of cromoglycate in 1 patient ameliorated the late response considerably. PMID- 6782024 TI - Studies on histamine and histaminase in spring catarrh (vernal conjunctivitis). AB - Patients with spring catarrh (vernal conjunctivitis) were studied for blood histamine (36) and plasma histaminase (16), and were compared with control histamine (22) and histaminase (19) levels. The patients group showed significantly higher histamine and lower histaminase levels than the respective controls. In addition, the patients also had higher eosinophil counts and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The data suggest that a systemic allergic process may be the most important underlying causative factor in this disorder. PMID- 6782025 TI - Testicular function in varicocele. AB - Testicular testosterone concentration serum testosterone, LH and FSH, sperm count and testicular histology were evaluated in 17 patients with varicocele. Testicular testosterone was either normal or high (mean 906 +/- 723 ng/g of tissue), and serum testosterone was within the normal range in most patients. Serum LH was elevated in half of the patients. The degree of testicular damage observed was extremely variable and correlated with sperm analysis. Testicular testosterone tended to be higher in patients with severe microscopic lesions of the testis. It is concluded that even though Leydig cell function is partially altered, this deficiency is compensated by LH stimulation and therefore, failure of spermatogenesis is not secondary to low testosterone levels. PMID- 6782026 TI - Influence of LRH on gonadotrophin and testosterone levels in the foetal male rat. AB - Gonadotrophin and testosterone levels were measured in male foetal rats at the 21st day of gestation 30 min following administration of LRH. The releasing hormone was administered by 3 different routes: subcutaneously as a single injection to the pregnant rat; subcutaneously as 12 times repeated injection to the pregnant rat from 16th-21st day of gestation; direct injection into the amniotic cavity. Three different doses of 1, 5, and 10 microgram/kg were used. The single administration to the dam was without effect. Repeated doses resulted in a significant dose-dependent elevation of mean foetal LH: 163 ng/ml in the control animals and 133,256, and 363 ng/ml in the 1, 5, and 10 microgram/kg LRH group resp. Intra animal injections significantly increased FSH and LH levels, but only those of FSH were clearly dose-dependent. A mean of 390 ng/ml in the control group was observed, with 1 microgram/kg LRH FSH was elevated to 723 ng/ml, at 5 microgram/kg to 928 and at 10 microgram/kg to 1017 ng/ml. Testosterone levels were not significantly altered. Our results demonstrate that the pituitary of foetal rats is able to respond to LRH in the same manner as adult animals. PMID- 6782027 TI - A computer program for calculating respiratory anatomic dead space. AB - The Fowler technique for estimating anatomic dead space (VD -- the volume of the airway conducting system) on the basis of CO2 changes in the expired air of a single breath was adapted to computer analysis. The areas above and below the sigmoid CO2 curve in the region of transition from inspired to alveolar concentration were simultaneously integrated (forward and backward) on a time base until the sum of the two integrated values equalled the total area representing the transition. The point on the CO2 curve was defined as the CO2 midpoint. Expiratory flow was then integrated with time from its beginning to the CO2 midpoint, and the resultant volume represented VD for that breath. The computer program was able to compensate for differences in response time between the gas monitor and the flow measuring device and was able to integrate the areas rapidly. The program provided a rapid calculation of VD, which compared well with values calculated by tedious, manual methods. PMID- 6782028 TI - Valproic acid in childhood epilepsy: anticonvulsive efficacy in relation to its plasma levels. AB - Plasma levels of valproic acid were monitored for two years in 90 epileptic children. From 34 patients receiving sodium valproate as monotherapy, complete seizure control could be achieved in 28 children (82%) with a mean (+/- SD) plasma level of 65.1 +/- 20.3 micrograms/ml. In 6 patients (18%) seizures recurred. Since their plasma levels were significantly (p = 0.008) higher (91.7 +/- 35.2 micrograms/ml) than in the controlled patients, their disorder might be regraded as resistant to therapy with sodium valproate. The drug seems to be effective in patients with absences, tonic-clonic seizures and partial epilepsy. The most common combination of anticonvulsants administered was valproate/phenobarbital (n = 22). In 14 children of this group (64%) seizures were completely controlled with plasma levels of 54.6 +/- 26.5 micrograms/ml. In the 5 uncontrolled patients (23%) valproate concentrations were lower (33.8 +/- 28.2 micrograms/ml; p = 0.08). 20 children were treated with more than two anticonvulsants. This population probably represents the most severe cases. Therefore it was not surprising that only 7 patients (35%) exhibited complete seizure control with valproate plasma concentrations of 63.1 +/- 51.9 micrograms/ml. In the uncontrolled patients these levels were slightly lower (43.8 +/- 24.8 micrograms/ml). Side effects were observed in 7 patients (21%) receiving sodium valproate alone. Most common effects were increase in appetite (n = 4), and gastrointestinal disturbances (n = 2). Additionally, one patient complained about transient hair loss and one felt tired. In most cases their plasma concentrations were above 70 micrograms/ml. A therapeutic range of 40--90 micrograms/ml is postulated. PMID- 6782029 TI - The effects of intervertebral fusion in patients with myelopathy due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. AB - Fifty patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine were treated by anterior intervertebral body fusion and compared with 30 other patients treated conservatively. We found that patients with narrowing of the cervical canal to 0.5 of the normal diameter were improved by simple intervertebral fusion without excision of the ossified ligament. Patients with more extensive ossification and narrowing of the spinal canal to less than 0.4 of the normal diameter might have either severe symptoms or unexpectedly minor symptoms and the latter were attributed to the spontaneous fusion and loss of mobility that had occurred. Conversely, patients with less severe ossification but abnormally increased intervertebral mobility often had severe symptoms but were greatly improved following intervertebral fusion. It was concluded that narrowing of the spinal canal in the presence of mobility of the neck produced unfavourable dynamic compression of the spinal cord and that reduction in the mobility of the spine was effective in reversing many of the signs of cervical myelopathy. PMID- 6782031 TI - Antigenic evaluation of mycobacterium vaccae in relation to Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Immunodiffusion analysis of Mycobacterium vaccae indicated the presence of at least nine antigens. Using the technique of fused rocket immunoelectrophoresis, at least 13 such antigens were detected. Comparative analysis of the M. vaccae antigen-antibody system with similar systems established for other mycobacterial species showed that M. vaccae shared a significant number of antigens with both typical and atypical mycobacteria. These included the already described beta and delta antigens that are common to the majority of mycobacterial species. Confirmation of the presence of these two antigens was obtained through comparative analysis of sera from leprosy patients, using M. vaccae and M. smegmatis conjointly. It has been concluded that M. vaccae possess the two most commonly shared antigens among various mycobacterial species, in addition to many others. It has not been possible with the methods employed to establish any particularly close immunological relationship between M. vaccae and M. leprae that would indicate the use of M. vaccae as a possible antileprosy vaccine source although this possibility has been suggested by other investigators. PMID- 6782030 TI - From slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) to leukotriene D4 (LTD4). PMID- 6782032 TI - Immunisation of calves against bovine tropical theileriosis (Theileria annulata) with graded doses of sporozoites and irradiated sporozoites. PMID- 6782033 TI - The sorbitol pathway in the human lens: aldose reductase and polyol dehydrogenase. AB - The sorbitol pathway in human lenses is evaluated on the enzymic level. Adult lenses, normal and nondiabetic as well as diabetic cataracts, are found to contain limited levels of aldose reductase (AR) and high levels of polyol dehydrogenase (PD) relative to the animal lens. AR is confined primarily to the lens epithelium and is two to three times higher in juvenile lenses than in the adult lens. The level of AR in the epithelium of juvenile lenses is sufficient to cause significant osmotic stress. The Km of glucose of AR is roughly 200 mM, whereas the Km for NADPH is 0.06 mM. NADP inhibits human lens AR noncompetitively and has a Ki equivalent to the Km for NADPH. PD occurs in both the lens epithelium and cortex, remains persistently high with age, and decreases with increased cortical involvement. The Km of sorbitol for PD is 1.4 mM and for NAD is 0.06 mM. NADH (Ki 0.002 mM) competitively inhibits PD in the forward direction. PD purified 100-fold from diabetic and nondiabetic cataracts and normal lenses exhibit similar kinetic constants. PD has an extremely high Vmax in the fructose-to-sorbitol direction. The Km of fructose is 40 mM and for NADH is 0.02 mM. At high enough concentration, alrestatin also inhibits PD. The added activities of AR and PD in producing sorbitol and fructose in combination with decreased hexokinase with age may account for diabetic cataract formation in human lenses exposed to a high glucose stress. Nucleotide levels are reported for senile cataractous lenses. PMID- 6782034 TI - Deviant immune responses to allogeneic tumors injected intracamerally and subcutaneously in mice. AB - The ability to introduce carefully controlled numbers of viable cells into the anterior chamber of mouse eyes made it possible to examine the interrelationship between presentation of antigens intracamerally and into conventional body sites and their synergistic/antagonistic effects on the immune system. P815 mastocytoma (DBA/2; H-2d) cells are syngeneic with BALB/c hosts at the major histocompatibility complex but differ at numerous minor histocompatibility loci. When these cells are injected intracamerally into BALB/c mice, they subvert the host's immune response; that is, tumor cells injected subcutaneously developed into tumors. The dynamics of this anterior chamber-associated immune deviation was manipulable. When subcutaneous (SC) inoculations preceded intracameral (IC) inoculations by 5 days or more, systemic anti-DBA/2 immunity elicited by SC inoculation prevented successful engraftment of P815 tumors in the anterior chamber. As the time interval between SC and IC inoculations of P815 cells decreased, the balance between destruction or survival or intraocular tumors was tipped in favor of tumor growth. Intraocular tumor growth increased when IC inoculations preceded SC inoculations and was most impressive when this interval was 7 days. In these mice the tumors grew briskly and aggressively in a fashion comparable to that seen in hosts not receiving prior SC inoculations. The apparent capacity of the immune system to prevent or enhance the growth of tumors can be successfully manipulated in ways that suggest the possibility of therapeutic benefit in ophthalmologic disease. PMID- 6782035 TI - Iosulamide: a new intravenous cholangiocholecystographic medium. AB - Iosulamide is a bis-benzoic analogue of metrizoate that shows clear advantages in animal tests over meglumine iodipamide. The intravenous toxicity of iosulamide meglumine is considerably lower than that of iodipamide (Cholografin) in the mouse and rat. The LD50 in mice for iosulamide meglumine is 11,500 +/- 844 mg free acid/kg and for iodipamide is 2380 +/- 290 mg free acid/kg. A threefold difference in toxicity was seen in rats; the LD50 for iosulamide meglumine is 13,600 +/- 1710 mg free acid kg and for iodipamide is 4430 +/- 310 mg free acid/kg. Iosulamide is a highly effective contrast agent for cholangiocholecystographic visualization in cats and monkeys. speed and degree of opacification are equivalent to that of iodipamide at equimolar doses. Studies of biliary and urinary excretion patterns indicate iosulamide is rapidly excreted compared to iodipamide, while at the same time providing equal concentrations in bile on an mg/ml bile basis. A more efficient blood to bile clearance rate and a shorter blood half-life for iosulamide may account for the lower circulating blood levels and rapid total excretion compared to iodipamide. Iosulamide's rapid blood-bile clearance coupled with its extremely low toxicity may allow rapid administration of high doses, affording superior visualization and safety compared to iodipamide. It may also provide visualization of the liver parenchyma with computerized axial tomography, due to the pharmacokinetic profile that provides for high liver clearance but low blood levels. The emetic potential of iosulamide meglumine is quite low compared to iodipamide. Iosulamide meglumine also lacks hypotensive activity. Little or no effect on blood pressure was seen with iosulamide meglumine in cats or monkeys, whereas iodipamide caused marked transient, or sustained, reductions. Iosulamide meglumine did not produce significant toxic effects when administered as single daily intravenous injections to albino rats for three weeks, or in 10-minute intravenous infusions to rhesus monkeys 10 times in 14 days. Clinical trials with iosulamide are under way. PMID- 6782036 TI - Serine proteases as mediators of radiographic contrast media toxicity. AB - Iodipamide, iodoxamine, iothalamate, diatrizoate, and ioxitalamate exhibit a dose dependent prolongation of coagulation time of global and monospecific functional coagulation tests. This is due to an inhibition of fibrin polymerization induced by these contrast media. Furthermore, a dose-dependent generation of fibrinolytic split products by RCM was found. At low doses, biliary RCM cause hypercoagulation by binding to spontaneously existing fibrinolytic products. Biliary RCM cause a dose-dependent decrease of hemolytic complement activity and decrease of complement factors of C3, B, and, to a lesser extent, C4. Nephrotopic RCM do not show these effects. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis B and C3 split products were not detected after in vitro incubation of iodipamide in serum or EDTA-blood. In contrast, zymosan, inulin, and dextran sulfate incubation of sera readily resulted in Bb and C3b generation. The failure to demonstrate complement split products was not due to artifacts. As a working hypothesis unspecific binding of RCM to blood proteins followed by interference with antithrombin and antiplasmin inhibitor functions is proposed. Possibly other antiproteases might be involved too. This results in a lowering of the clinical manifestation threshold of coagulation and fibrinolysis. The mechanism of complement activation remains unclear, since it is not influenced by EDTA, aprotinin, steroids, or by specific sera depleted of prekallikrein, Hageman factor, C2, and gamma-globulins. PMID- 6782037 TI - Effect of angiographic contrast agents on the mechanical performance of the isolated rat papillary muscle preparations. AB - The effects of the radiographic contrast agents Renografin, Isopaque, and Hypaque on the mechanical performance of isometrically contracting rat papillary muscle was compared to a new contrast agent, Amipaque. It was found that exposure to Amipaque resulted in significantly less depression of contractile activity than any of the other agents. Changes in mechanical performance associated with exposure to Renografin, Isopaque, or Hypaque could not be attributed to either hypocalcemia or hypoxia. The decrease in developed tension and increase in resting tension was similar to that produced by Krebs-Henseleit containing hypertonic (1420 mmol) glucose or sucrose. Thus, the data support the concept that hyperosmolarity of the radiographic contrast agents may be primarily responsible for the adverse effects on mechanical performance of the myocardium associated with angiography. PMID- 6782038 TI - Intractable diarrhoea of infancy. PMID- 6782039 TI - [Lichen myxedematosus and multiple myeloma type IgG/kappa]. AB - Lichen myxedematosus and scleromyxedema are rare disorders with cutaneous deposition of mucin, without any disturbance of the thyroid function. They are regularly associated with the presence of abnormal proteins in the serum. These proteins have been now identified as paraproteins and are one of the main symptoms of these diseases. The association of a papular mucinosis with a classical plasmacytoma is exceptional. We report a patient in whom lichen myxedematosus is associated with a multiple myeloma of the type IgG/kappa. Cultured skin fibroblasts show a marked decrease of arylsulfatase A activity. An antineoplastic-steroid therapy has brought a remission of both plasmacytoma and skin lesions. PMID- 6782040 TI - [Ano-cutaneous gangrenous ergotism]. AB - A case of ergotism by abuse of ergotamine tartrate suppositories is reported. The patient developed the clinical picture of ergotism with multiple perianal ulcers. After ergot had been withdrawn there was a spontaneous healing of these ulcers after a few weeks. It is well known that ergot abuse can develop severe vascular spasm in the arteries, but it is unknown that cutaneous ulcers may occur by topical application. PMID- 6782041 TI - Cost-benefit analysis: reality or illusion? PMID- 6782042 TI - Liposomal encapsulated Zn-DTPA for removing intracellular 169Yb. PMID- 6782043 TI - An integrated system for patient assessment and classification and nurse staff allocation for long term care facilities. AB - An integrated approach to patient classification and nurse staffing for long term care facilities is constructed, based on the quantification of patient care needs as reflected by formal assessment of a variety of key functioning status items, behavioral status indicators, and medically defined conditions. Nonlinear multiple regression techniques are employed in order to cluster these key assessment indicators in to an easily applied level of care classification method that can be used to determine placement of patients within the long term care system and to indicate the particular nursing care activities called for. Given the classification of patients into the various levels of care required (e.g., Chronic, Skilled Nursing Care, Intermediate A or B) a mixed integer/linear programming model is used to permit presentation of alternative nurse staffing strategies within a long term care facility or program. Extensions to the model portray the effects of changing budgetary, service, and legal restrictions. PMID- 6782044 TI - [Neomycin versus plus metronidazol for large bowel preparation in elective colon surgery]. AB - Two series of 50 consecutive elective colonic resections with bowel preparation either with Neomycin (group A) or Neomycin combined with Metronidazole (group B) are presented. 17 bacterial inflammatory complications in group A versus 10 in group B were noted. It is concluded that the addition of an antianaerobic antibiotic agent in elective colonic surgery might be of beneficial effect. PMID- 6782045 TI - Partial synthesis of hypothetical intermediates in biosynthesis of lithocholic acid from cholesterol, 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-27-al and 5 beta cholestane-3 alpha, 27-diol. PMID- 6782046 TI - Fluoroscopic visualization of megavoltage therapeutic x ray beams. PMID- 6782047 TI - Cost-effectiveness in psychotherapy. PMID- 6782048 TI - Transfer of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide through normal adult human skin. AB - The resistance to the flow of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide through the skin ws measured in three normal adult human subjects. A sampling chamber 2.5 cm in diameter, heated to 43-44 degrees C, was applied to the skin of the forearm and gas sampled with a mass spectrometer at a rate of about 10(-5) ml . s-1 through membranes of different resistance. Skin resistance was calculated from the results of sequential studies with different membranes of known resistance on the sampling chamber. The resistance to oxygen flow (1.79 +/- 0.92 X 10(3) atm . ml-1 . min . cm2) was 1/5 of that for nitrogen and 28.5 times that for carbon dioxide. The response time of the skin to a sudden change in arterial gas tension was investigated by having the subjects rebreathe 5% carbon dioxide in oxygen and then breathe air. The mean transit times though the skin for oxygen and carbon dioxide were similar (approx 30 s) and about twice those for nitrogen. The finding of similar response times for oxygen and carbon dioxide transfer in the face of large differences in resistance suggests that there is a high capacitance for carbon dioxide in the skin, presumably due to its high solubility and the effects of buffering. PMID- 6782049 TI - Measurement and analysis of gas exchange during exercise using a programmable calculator. AB - Although exercise testing is useful in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, a rapid comprehensive method for measurement of ventilation and gas exchange has been limited to expensive complex computer-based systems. We devised a relatively inexpensive, technically simple, and clinically oriented exercise system built around a desktop calculator. This system automatically collects and analyzes data on a breath-by-breath basis. Our calculator system overcomes the potential inaccuracies of gas exchange measurement due to water vapor dilution and mismatching of expired flow and gas concentrations. We found no difference between the calculator-derived minute ventilation, CO2 production, O2 consumption, and respiratory exchange ratio and the values determined from simultaneous mixed expired gas collections in 30 constant-work-rate exercise studies. Both tabular and graphic displays of minute ventilation, CO2 production, O2 consumption, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, end-tidal O2 tension, end-tidal CO2 tension, and arterial blood gas value are included for aid in the interpretation of clinical exercise tests. PMID- 6782050 TI - Brain hypoxia and control of breathing: neuromechanical control. AB - The effects of graded brain hypoxia on respiratory cycle timing, the lung inflation reflex, and respiratory compensation for an inspiratory flow-resistive load were studied in unanesthetized goats. Two models, inhalation and CO and acute reduction of brain blood flow (BBF) were used to produce comparable levels of brain hypoxia. The lung inflation reflex was assessed as the ratio of inspiratory time of an occluded breath to that of the preceding spontaneous breath (TIoccl/TIspont). Compensation for flow-resistive loading was assessed as the effect of the load upon the airway occlusion pressure response to rebreathing CO2 (delta P 0.1/delta PCO2). Major findings were 1) severe brain hypoxia (HbCO of 60% or BBF of 42%) caused tachypnea due to a 50% or more reduction of expiratory time but only a 20% or less reduction of inspiratory time; 2) moderate carboxyhemoglobinemia (HbCO of 25-30%) enhanced TIoccl/TIspont from 1.5 +/- 0.1 at control to 2.1 +/- 0.1, while severe brain hypoxia (HbCO of 60% and BBF of 42%) reduced the ratio to 1.0 +/- 0.2; and 3) compensation for a flow-resistive load, manifested by increases of delta P 0.1/delta PCO2 of 75-300% in the control state, was abolished at HbCO of 45-50% and BBF of 60%. The data suggest that in unanesthetized animals brain hypoxia elicits tachypnea largely by an effect on the expiratory phase of the bulbopontine timing mechanism. The observed enhancement of the lung inflation reflex and abolition of flow-resistive load compensation are best explained by hypoxic depression of higher than brain stem neural function. PMID- 6782051 TI - Configuration of the chest wall and occlusion pressures in awake humans. AB - During CO2 rebreathing in sitting position seven of nine conscious men showed a progressive fall in expiratory reserve volume, most of it due to a decrease in abdominal volume. Diaphragm length at end expiration was thus increased, and some elastic recoil pressure became available to drive inspiration. In four out of six subjects, when CO2 tension was greater than 55 Torr, there was a dip in abdominal pressure at the beginning of inspiration, and the change in transdiaphragmatic pressure during the first 100 ms of an occluded inspiration was smaller than the simultaneous change in mouth pressure (P0.1). In the subjects who showed the smallest diaphragmatic pressure in this 100 ms, electromyogram recordings showed that abdominal activity ceased before the onset of inspiration, and diaphragm activity did not appear until later than 100 ms into inspiration. We conclude that, in four our of our six subjects in the sitting posture, P0.1 can be generated in whole or in part by release of chest wall elastic recoil or in intercostal muscle contraction. In the supine posture, there was no change by end expiratory chest wall configuration, and onset of diaphragm contraction coincided with beginning of inspiration in the two subjects in whom diaphragm electromyogram was recorded. PMID- 6782052 TI - Neural response of carotid chemoreceptors following dopamine blockade. AB - The role of endogenous carotid body dopamine in the afferent chemoreceptor circuit was studied by means of haloperidol-induced dopamine antagonism. In 19 cats that were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium and paralyzed, single carotid body nerve fibers were dissected free and placed on unipolar platinum wire electrodes. In 10 of these cats, the neural response to room air and the last 2 min of 6-min inhalations of 3, 6, and 9% CO2 were recorded, and blood samples were drawn for gas tension measurements. Haloperidol was administered at a dose (250 micrograms/kg) shown to block the inhibitory effect of injected dopamine. Following a 15-min equilibration, the CO2 response was again tested. In four other cats the CO2 response was tested with a hyperoxic background. In the remaining five cats the response to isocapnic hypoxia was recorded during administration of 15, 12, and 8% O2 before and following haloperidol. There was a significant increase in room air discharge activity and in hypoxic sensitivity following haloperidol. However, there was no significant change in hypercapnic sensitivity. These results suggest that there is a modulatory role for endogenous dopamine only in the hypoxic response. PMID- 6782053 TI - Evaluation using dogs of a method for estimating mixed venous and arterial PCO2 from a single breath. AB - Estimates of arterial and true mixed venous carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) were made from the continuous records of the changes in carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions in the expired gas during a single prolonged expiration, as described by Kim, Rahn, and Fahri (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 1338, 1966). The results were compared with the results of direct analyses of systemic arterial and pulmonary arterial blood. There was no systemic error of the arterial estimates over a range of 32-48 Torr or of the venous estimates over a range of 33-59 Torr. The random errors of the arterial and venous estimates were +/- 1.5 and 1.2 Torr (2 SD) respectively. These results are better than those obtained by other noninvasive methods. PMID- 6782054 TI - Analysis of error in the determination of respiratory gas exchange at varying FIO2. AB - On-line gas exchange monitors have been based on the measurement of both inspired and expired flows (method A) or on the measurement of expired flow only (method B). In both methods, the cancellation of systematic errors is appreciable if calibration errors in the inspiration variables are matched with calibration errors in the corresponding expiration variables. The determination of oxygen consumption (VO2) results in a considerable amplification of random measurement error, which becomes larger as the inspired oxygen fraction (FIO2) is made larger. For example, when in method A all gas compositions and flows are in error by +/- 0.01, the computed value of VO2 will be in error by +/- 0.16 when FIO2 = 0.21 and by +/- 0.40 if FIO2 = 0.50. When air is breathed, method B creates smaller errors than method A, but as FIO2 is increased the error in method B increases sharply and eventually overtakes that of method A. Even at high FIO2 values, the random error in VO2 may be reduced to an acceptable value by estimating it from a sequence of 100 measurement samples requiring a minimum of 5 min to acquire. There is no error amplification in the computation of carbon dioxide production. PMID- 6782055 TI - A test to determine parameters of aerobic function during exercise. AB - A short-duration cycle ergometer exercise test has been developed that allows four parameters of aerobic function to be discerned. These are the maximum O2 uptake, anaerobic threshold, work efficiency, and the time constant for O2 uptake kinetics. The test form is a ramp of 4-8 min duration to the limit of tolerance. The parameters determined from the ramp faithfully reproduced those obtained from several standard procedures. We conclude that a profile of aerobic function in man can be obtained from a single short-duration ramp test. PMID- 6782056 TI - Control of breathing during prolonged exercise. AB - Ventilation (VE) climbs steadily throughout prolonged heavy exercise. While this VE "drift" has implications for the adequacy of gas exchange in long-term exercise, its mechanism remains unknown. We examined the behavior of previously proposed mediators of VE drift during one hour of cycle ergometer exercise at constant work rate requiring 2/3 VO2 max in 10 subjects. VE increased 13% from 12 to 61 min of exercise (P less than 0.05). Although body core temperature rose as VE rose, equal elevation of core temperature by passive means failed to increase exercise VE. Rising VE during the hour of exercise occurred despite unchanged arterial pH, PCO2, and lactate and despite unchanged VCO2. Thus, all of the VE increase was calculated to be due to increased dead space ventilation (VD). Tidal volume (VT) was unchanged, while VD/VT rose from 0.16 to 0.24 from 12 to 61 min of work (P less than 0.05). These results show that increased body core temperature does not mediate VE drift, and that changes in previously proposed mediators (arterial pH, arterial lactate, and VCO2) are not necessary for a slow VE rise to occur in prolonged heavy exercise. PMID- 6782057 TI - Critical dependence of respiratory rhythmicity on metabolic CO2 load. AB - We examined the dependence of respiratory rhythm generation on the rate of CO2 production (VCO2) in six awake sheep using a venous-to-venous extracorporeal perfusion circuit that included two carbon dioxide membrane lungs (CDML) designed to facilitate the removal of CO2 from blood. As progressively greater proportions of the resting VCO2, of the sheep were removed from the venous blood by the CDML, there were proportional reductions in pulmonary CO2 excretion and in minute volume of ventilation (VE); when CO2 was removed by the CDML at a rate equal to its metabolic production by the sheep, VE fell to zero, with normal values of arterial PCO2, pH, and PO2. The results indicate that effective respiratory rhythm generation is critically dependent on stimuli related to VCO2. PMID- 6782058 TI - Hypoxemia and pulmonary gas exchange during hemodialysis. AB - With measured values of arterial blood gas tensions, of expired respiratory gas fractions, and volume of the expired ventilation, the determinants of alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2) were used to evaluate their influence on the development of the arterial hypoxemia that occurs in spontaneously breathing patients undergoing hemodialysis using an acetate dialysate. Dialysis produced no significant changes in the alveolar-arterial O2 tension gradient (AaDO2). The extracorporeal dialyzer removed an average of 30 ml.m-2.min-1 of CO2. Accordingly the pulmonary gas exchange ratio (R) dropped from a mean predialysis value of 0.81 to 0.62 (P less than 0.001). The arterial CO2 tension remained constant throughout, whereas the minute ventilation, both total (P less than 0.01) and alveolar (P less than 0.01), decreased during dialysis. This decrease in ventilation accounts for more than 80% of the fall in PAO2. During dialysis there was a decrease (P less than 0.001) in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), which varied among the individuals from 9 to 23% of control. During the postdialysis hour PaO2 returns to control values concomitant with increase in ventilation. The quantitative gas exchange relationships among R, alveolar ventilation, and AaDO2 predict the PaO2 values actually measured. PMID- 6782059 TI - Effects of red blood cell HCO3(-)/Cl- exchange kinetics on lung CO2 transfer: theory. AB - A mathematical model has been used to study the influences of the kinetics of erythrocyte HCO3(-)/Cl-- exchange on CO2 elimination in the lung. In addition to the chloride shift, the model includes 1) CO2-H2CO3 hydration-dehydration reactions in plasma and erythrocytes; 2) CO2 reactions with hemoglobin; 3) O2 binding to hemoglobin; 4)buffering of H+ intra- and extracellularly; 5) red cell volume changes; and 6) diffusion of gases between alveoli and blood. Carbonic anhydrase activity was assumed to be available to plasma as it passes through the lung capillaries. The results show that a reduction of PHCO3(-) leads to a reduction in pulmonary CO2 elimination of up to 30%, whether or not carbonic anhydrase activity is available to plasma. Characteristic slow downstream pH and PCO2 changes predicted for each case may represent an explanation for the apparent discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro slow downstream pH changes reported previously. We conclude that red cell HCO3(-)/Cl- exchange partially limits CO2 elimination from blood in the lung and may have a major influence on capillary gas transfer when its speed is abnormally slow. PMID- 6782060 TI - Effect of a constant arterial CO2 tension on respiratory pattern in hear-stressed sheep. AB - Sheep were exposed in a climate chamber to a hot humid environment under two conditions: breathing atmospheric air and breathing air enriched with CO2. Measurements were made of rectal temperature (Tre), respiratory frequency (fR), mean arterial pressure (BP), heart rate (fH), and arterial O2 tension (PO2), CO2 tension (PCO2), and pH; depth of breathing was also estimated. Tre increased at a similar rate under both conditions. When breathing air, sheep exhibited rapid shallow panting followed by slower deeper (second phase) breathing during which they became severely hypocapnic and alkalotic. When the sheep breathed CO2 enriched air at a rate allowing normocapnia to be maintained, fR was lower and the depth of breathing greater, but the sequence of changes in respiratory activity was similar to that with air breathing. BP, fH, and PO2 each increased to a similar extent under both conditions. It is concluded that the normal biphasic panting response to severe heat stress in sheep is largely independent of arterial PCO2. PMID- 6782061 TI - Single motor unit activity in the diaphragm of cat during pressure breathing. AB - In this study we analyzed the breath-by-breath activity of single motor units in the diaphragm slip of allobarbital-anesthetized cats during quiet breathing and during continuous positive- and negative-pressure breathing. Our objective was to determine whether single motor units, on the basis of their activities, can be separated into discrete subpopulations or whether they fall on a continuum analogous to that of motor units of hindlimb muscles. The firing profiles of each unit were characterized for each pressure level by the onset and peak firing frequencies, onset latency, duration of firing, number of impulses per breath, and minimal frequency, when appropriate. Units with shorter onset latencies had higher peak frequencies, longer firing durations, and increased firing frequencies than did units with longer onset latencies. These comparative relationships persisted even though the activity of every motor unit was altered during pressure breathing. During positive-pressure breathing onset latencies were lengthened, and durations of firing were shortened with little change in onset or peak frequencies. Late units might be silenced. During negative-pressure breathing onset latencies were shortened, and durations of firing were lengthened, sufficiently in some cases to fill the expiratory pause. In addition, previously inactive units were recruited late in inspiration for short, relatively high frequency bursts during inspiration. The results support the concept that the phrenic motoneuron pool is comprised of three discrete subpopulations. PMID- 6782062 TI - Effects on body position and cholinergic blockade on mechanics of collateral ventilation. AB - We studied the effects of position and cholinergic blockade on the mechanics of collateral ventilation in anesthetized paralyzed dogs. Resistance to collateral flow (Rcoll) is higher when an obstructed segment is dependent than when it is nondependent. Decreases of Rcoll in response to the local infusion of low oxygen mixtures are greater in dependent regions. We conclude that 1) changes in position affect Rcoll directly through local changes in lung volume related to the gradient of pleural pressure; 2) responses of collateral channels to local concentrations of CO2 and O2 are determined by ventilation perfusion relationships, which vary at different heights in the lung; and 3) resting cholinergic tone in the anesthetized dog varies at different heights in the lung. PMID- 6782064 TI - Prevalence and persistence of Brucella abortus strain 19 infections and prevalence of other biotypes in vaccinated adult dairy cattle. AB - The prevalence and persistence of Brucella abortus strain 19 shedding from the udder were studied in adult cattle in infected dairy herds that were vaccinated by 4 methods. Specimens were cultured from 1,736 cows in 55 vaccinated herds. Of the 744 brucella isolates, 98 were strain 19 and were from cattle in 25 of the herds. Shedding was highest among conjunctival vaccinates (1.4%) and higher in those given the standard subcutaneous dose (0.83%) than in those given a reduced subcutaneous dose (0.45%). Isolations were not made from intradermally vaccinated cattle. The persistence of strain 19 shedding was related to the length of time after the initial isolation. Approximately 20% of the shedders that remained in the herds were seropositive 13-18 months later. Cattle were selected for bacteriologic studies largely on positive results of rivanol or complement fixation tests inasmuch as the card and tube agglutination tests were unreliable. Of the 646 field strain isolates, 95.8% were biotype 1, 2.5% were biotype 2, and 1.7% were biotype 4. PMID- 6782063 TI - Effect of peripheral chemoreceptor denervation on acclimatization of goats during hypoxia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of peripheral chemoreceptor denervation on ventilatory acclimatization of goats during chronic hypoxia. After 1 h of stimulated altitude (PB 450 Torr), arterial O2 tension (PaO2) in seven normal goats averaged 42 Torr, and arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) was 1.3 Torr below control (P less than 0.001). In these goats nearly 66% of the increase in alveolar ventilation (VA) associated with acclimatization occurred between 1.5 and 4 h of hypoxia. Acclimatization was complete by the 3rd day of hypoxia, and it caused 1) a 23% increase in VA/CO2 output (P less than 0.001); 2) a 5-Torr increase in PaO2 (P less than 0.001); and 3) a 6.5-Torr decrease in PaCO2 (P less than 0.001). Denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors in seven goats caused hypoventilation during eupnea at sea level (PaCO2 change from control +7 Torr, P less than 0.001). Denervation also attenuated but did not eliminate peripheral chemoreceptor responsiveness. No additional changes were observed following attempted denervation of the aortic chemoreceptors. After 1 h of simulated altitude (PB 530 Torr), PaO2 in the denervated goats averaged 46 Torr, and PaCO2 was increased 1.1 Torr above control (P less than 0.001). In these goats VA did not change significantly during the subsequent 3 days of hypoxia. Accordingly, we conclude that the peripheral chemoreceptors are essential for ventilatory acclimatization of goats during chronic hypoxia. PMID- 6782065 TI - Sarcocystosis in goats: clinical signs and pathologic and hematologic findings. AB - Clinical sarcocystosis was studied in 37 goats after inoculation with graded doses of sporocysts of Sarcocystis capracanis. Eight uninoculated goats served as controls. Clinical response varied with the dose. Goats inoculated with 10-40 million sporocysts died between 11 and 13 days after inoculation (DAI), from interstitial pneumonia, vasculitis, and necrosis of mesenteric lymph nodes. All goats inoculated with 100,000 or 1 million sporocysts died between 19 and 23 DAI; clinical signs were anorexia, fever (40-41 C), anemia, and weight loss. Four of 4 goats inoculated with 50,000 sporocysts and 1 of 4 inoculated with 10,000 sporocysts died 24, 28, 39, 68, and 61 DAI, respectively. Goats inoculated with 1,000 sporocysts and uninoculated goats remained clinically normal. After day 18 and before day 68, packed cell volume and hemoglobin content decreased to as low as 11% and 3.6 g/dl, respectively. Alanine aminotransferase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were inconsistently increased. Blood urea nitrogen and bilirubin values were increased, reaching as high as 63 mg/dl and 10 mg/dl, respectively. Histologically, thymic atrophy, vasculitis, hepatitis, cholangitis, myocarditis, generalized myositis, and encephalomyelitis were the main microscopic findings. The cause of the anemia in goats that died after day 19 was not determined. PMID- 6782066 TI - Abortion and death in goats inoculated with Sarcocystis sporocysts from coyote feces. AB - Ten 75- to 105-day-pregnant does each were inoculated orally within 1 million (2 does), 10,000 (4 does), or 1,000 (4 does) sporocysts of Sarcocystis from coyote feces. Two does not inoculated with sporocysts served as controls. The 2 does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts died from acute sarcocystosis 21 and 22 days after inoculation (DAI), and each had 2 dead fetuses. The 4 does inoculated with 10,000 sporocysts were ill 19 to 33 DAI but survived; 1 aborted at 33 DAI, 1 had a live kid that died within 2 hours of birth 31 DAI, 1 aborted 2 dead fetuses 23 DAI, and 1 had a normal kid 56 DAI. The 4 does inoculated with 1,000 sporocysts and the 2 control does remained clinically normal and had normal kids. Does and their offspring were killed within 24 hours of parturition, and their tissues were examined histologically and microbiologically. Meronts of Sarcocystis were found in the maternal placenta of does inoculated with 1 million sporocysts. Sarcocystis was not found in the placenta, fetuses, or tissues of kids from does inoculated with 10,000 or 1,000 sporocysts, or from control does. Other abortifacient agents were not found in the placenta, fetuses, or kids from any does. PMID- 6782067 TI - Effects of the dietary inclusion of copper and(or) antibiotics on the performance of weanling pigs. AB - Five trials involving 518 pigs were conducted to determine the effects of the dietary addition of copper (0 or 250 ppm as copper sulfate) with and without antibiotics (55 ppm chlortetracycline, CTC, or 27.5 ppm virginiamycin VIR) on the rate and efficiency of gain and survival of early-weaned pigs. The experimental animals consisted of all pigs weaned from each of 67 litters at 28 +/- 2 days of age, regardless of weight or condition. In trials 1 through 4, single additions of copper, CTC or VIR to the corn-soybean meal-based diet improved (P less than .05) daily gains by 22, 22 and 17%, respectively, and feed to gain ratios by 5.1, 8.9 and 8.2% compared with those of pigs fed the unsupplemented diet during the 28-day trials. However, only the addition of copper to the diet increased (P less than .05) postweaning pig survival. Dietary inclusion of both copper and an antibiotic (CTC or VIR) further improved daily gains (P less than .05) by 10 to 11% and feed to gain ratios by 2 to 5% compared with the single addition of each antimicrobial agent. In trial 5, 125 ppm of copper were found to optimize daily gain and feed intake, whereas 250 ppm were required to maximize pig survival. These data demonstrate that high levels (125 to 250 ppm) of dietary copper increase the growth rate and reduce the incidence of mortality among weanling pigs. The data also indicate that the growth-promoting effects of copper and CTC, a broad spectrum antibiotic, or VIR, a gram-positive antibiotic, are additive in nature. PMID- 6782068 TI - Properties of three carbenicillin-hydrolysing beta-lactamases (CARB) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of a new enzyme. PMID- 6782069 TI - Improved method for confirmation of identity of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in dairy products and animal tissue extracts. AB - A method is described for confirming the identity of aflatoxins B1 and M1 in dairy products and liver extracts on a thin layer plate. Extracts and standards containing aflatoxins B1 and M1 are spotted on 10 x 10 cm plates, which are developed 2-dimensionally in mixtures of isopropanol-acetone-chloroform. After the first development, trifluoroacetic acid-hexane (1 + 4) is sprayed on that part of the plate containing the separated extract components and the underdeveloped standard spots of B1 and M1, and the plate is heated 6-8 min at 75 degrees C. Then the plate is developed in a second direction, and the reaction products of B1 and M1 with trifluoroacetic acid from the extract are compared with the same derivatives of the respective standards. The method has been used successfully on extracts of milk, cheese, and liver containing 0.1 ng B1 or M1/g and can be completed in 35-45 min. PMID- 6782070 TI - Alpha-chain disease in India. PMID- 6782071 TI - Specific labeling of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome terminus. AB - The deoxyribonucleic acid labeled by a procedure described previously for labeling the chromosomal terminus of B. subtilis 168 was substantially enriched for sequences homologous to bacteriophages SP beta and phi 3T, which integrate in the terminal region. PMID- 6782072 TI - Highly specific labeling of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome terminus. AB - By making use of the sporulation process, the terminus region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome has been labeled with [3H]thymine in a highly specific manner. The result achieved supports the view that B. subtilis spores contain only completed chromosomes. PMID- 6782073 TI - Sex pheromone cAD1 in Streptococcus faecalis: induction of a function related to plasmid transfer. AB - In short matings between two donor strains with distinguishable isogenic conjugative plasmids (derivatives of pAD1), only the strain preexposed to the sex pheromone cAD1 behaved as a donor. PMID- 6782074 TI - Amplification of the tetracycline resistance determinant of plasmid pAM alpha 1 in Streptococcus faecalis: dependence on host recombination machinery. AB - The plasmid pAM alpha 1 in Streptococcus faecalis was found to be severely impaired in its ability to exhibit amplification (generation of tandem repeats of the tetracycline resistance determinant during extended growth in the presence of tetracycline) when harbored by the recombination-deficient host cell UV202. PMID- 6782075 TI - Regulation of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: control of the aroF-tyrA operon in the absence of repression control. AB - Evidence was found which indicated that a mutation in gene trpS affected the rate of synthesis of tyrosine-repressible 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7 phosphate (DAHP) synthetase. The effect was found to occur independently of repression mediated by the tyrR gene product, and it was not due to a change in growth rate, nor was it a manifestation of the stringent response. It is proposed that in the proximal region of the aroF-tyrA operon there is an attenuator site controlled by the level of charged tryptophanyl-transfer RNA. In addition, it was demonstrated that starvation for certain amino acids led to degradation of tyrosine-repressible DAHP synthetase, but not phenylalanine-repressible DAHP synthetase, and supplementation with the missing amino acid led to an increased rate of synthesis of tyrosine-repressible DAHP synthetase during subsequent growth. PMID- 6782076 TI - Cellular location of enzymes involved in chondroitin sulfate breakdown by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. AB - Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, a gram-negative anaerobe found in human colons, could utilize chondroitin sulfate, a tissue mucopolysaccharide, as its sole source of carbohydrate. The enzymes responsible for the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate by B. thetaiotaomicron were similar to those produced by Proteus vulgaris and Flavobacterium heparinum and included a lyase (EC 4.2.2.4), which degraded chondroitin sulfate into sulfated disaccharides, sulfatases (EC 3.1.6.4), which removed the sulfate residues, and a glucuronidase, which broke the unsulfated disaccharides into monosaccharide components. Chondroitin sulfate lyase, the first enzyme in the breakdown sequence, was not extracellular. It appeared to be located in the periplasmic space since lyase activity was released by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate and lysozyme. Moreover, sodium polyanethole sulfonate, a high-molecular-weight inhibitor of chondroitin lyase, did not inhibit breakdown of chondroitin sulfate by intact bacteria. The sulfatase and glucuronidase appeared to be intracellular. None of these enzymes was strongly bound to membranes, and none of the steps in the breakdown of chondroitin sulfate was sensitive to oxygen. PMID- 6782077 TI - Induction of chondroitin sulfate lyase activity in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. AB - Chondroitin sulfate lyase (EC 4.2.2.4) was present constitutively at low levels (0.06 to 0.08 U/mg of protein) in cells of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron which were growing on glucose or other monosaccharides. When these uninduced bacteria were incubated with chondroitin sulfate A (5 mg/ml), chondroitin sulfate lyase specific activity increased more than 10-fold within 90 min. Synthesis of ribonucleic acid and of protein was required for induction, and induction was sensitive to oxygen. The disaccharides which resulted from chondroitinase action did not act as inducers, nor did tetrasaccharides or hexasaccharides obtained by digestion of chondroitin sulfate with bovine testicular hyaluronidase. None of these substances was taken up by uninduced cells; they may not have been able to penetrate the outer membrane. The smallest oligomer capable of acting as an inducer was the outer membrane. The smallest oligomer capable of acting as an inducer was the octassacharide. Oligomers larger than the octassacharide induced chondroitin lyase activity nearly as well as intact chondroitin sulfate. PMID- 6782078 TI - Use of bio-lac fusion strains to study regulation of biotin biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - The technique developed by Casadaban (M. J. Casadaban, J. Mol. Biol. 104: 541 555, 1976) has been employed to construct Escherichia coli K-12 derivatives in which the genes determining lactose utilization are fused to the regulatory region of the biotin operon. Fusions of the lac genes to either arm of this divergently transcribed operon have been isolated. When the operon is derepressed, expression of the lac genes is sufficient to permit growth on lactose minimal medium. Repressing conditions prevent growth on lactose. This property of bio-lac fusion strains, as well as the ease of determining the level of operon expression by assaying beta-galactosidase, was used for the isolation and characterization of mutants defective in repression. Preliminary analyses of several newly isolated regulatory mutants are presented. For the several birA mutants examined, there appeared to be no direct correlation between effects on minimum biotin requirement and alterations in repressibility, suggesting a possible dual function for the gene. Parallel attempts to obtain fusions of lac to bioH were unsuccessful, indicating lack of direct biotin control at the bioH locus. PMID- 6782079 TI - Multiple electrophoretic forms of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins generated by stimulus-elicited methylation in Escherichia coli. AB - The tsr and tar genetic loci of Escherichia coli determine the presence in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) I and II, respectively, each of which consists of a distinct group of multiple bands. Synthesis of the tsr and tar products was directed in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria by lambda transducing phages. The addition of appropriate chemotactic stimuli to these cells resulted in the appearance of additional, faster migrating electrophoretic forms of the Tsr and Tar polypeptides which disappeared upon removal of the stimulus. The stimulus elicited forms comigrated with component bands of the corresponding MCPs. These results indicate that methylation itself caused shifts in electrophoretic mobility and hence led to the observed MCP band patterns. The number of Tsr species suggested that there were at least three methylated sites on the Tsr polypeptide. The conclusion that methylation generates multiplicity was supported by the results of experiments in which the tsr product was synthesized in mutant bacteria defective in specific chemotaxis functions concerned with methylation or demethylation of MCPs. Thus, the presence of a cheX defect blocked the stimulus elicited appearance of faster migrating forms of the tsr product; conversely, the presence of a cheB defect resulted in a pronounced shift toward these forms in the absence of a chemotactic stimulus. PMID- 6782080 TI - Genetic locus (nmp-1) affecting the principal outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - An increase in the apparent molecular weight of the principal outer membrane protein (POMP) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is associated with introduction of the penB2 genetic marker, which results in low-level, relatively nonspecific antibiotic resistance. Limited proteolysis of the two forms of POMP showed that they had few if any peptides in common. The nonspecific antibiotic resistance of penB2 was separated from the change in POMP by genetic transformation and by isolation of spontaneous penB mutants that showed no change in POMP. The genetic locus involved in the change from one POMP to another, which we have designated nmp-1, is closely linked to, but not identical with, penB2. PMID- 6782081 TI - Utilization of 2,6-diaminopurine by Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The pathway for the utilization of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP) as an exogenous purine source in Salmonella typhimurium was examined. In strains able to use DAP as a purine source, mutant derivatives lacking either purine nucleoside phosphorylase or adenosine deaminase activity lost the ability to do so. The implied pathway of DAP utilization was via its conversion to DAP ribonucleoside by purine nucleoside phosphorylase, followed by deamination to guanosine by adenosine deaminase. Guanosine can then enter the established purine salvage pathways. In the course of defining this pathway, purine auxotrophs able to utilize DAP as sole purine source were isolated and partially characterized. These mutants fell into several classes, including (i) strains that only required an exogenous source of guanine nucleotides (e.g., guaA and guaB strains); (ii) strains that had a purF genetic lesion (i.e., were defective in alpha-5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase activity); and (iii) strains that had constitutive levels of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Selection among purine auxotrophs blocked in the de novo synthesis of inosine 5'-monophosphate, for efficient growth on DAP as sole source of purine nucleotides, readily yielded mutants which were defective in the regulation of their deoxyribonucleoside-catabolizing enzymes (e.g., deoR mutants). PMID- 6782082 TI - Transductional selection of cloned bacteriophage phi 105 and SP02 deoxyribonucleic acids in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophages phi 105 and SP02 are incapable of transduction of the small, multicopy drug resistance plasmids pUB110 and pCM194. Cloning endonuclease-generated fragments of phi 105 or SP02 DNA into each of the plasmids renders the chimeric derivatives susceptible to transduction specifically by the phage whose deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the chimera. The majority of phage deoxyribonucleic acid fragments identified that render plasmids transducible by phi 105 or SP02 appear to be internal fragments, not fragments containing the cohesive ends. However, the highest overall transduction frequency was observed in SP02-mediated transduction of a derivative of pUB110 containing a 1.6-megadalton EcoRI fragment that likely contains the SP02 cohesive ends (plasmid pPL1010). The transducing activity present in a phi 105 transducing lysate had a buoyant density slightly greater than infectious particles, whereas the majority of transducing particles in an SP02(pPL1010) transducing lysate had a buoyant density slightly less than infectious particles. Although no detectable change in plasmid structure resulted from transduction by phi 105 or SP02, deoxyribonucleic acid isolated from a purified SP02(pPL1010) transducing lysate contained no detectable monomeric pPL1010, but did contain a form of pPL1010 of higher molecular weight than the monomer. PMID- 6782083 TI - Recombination-deficient mutant of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - An ultraviolet radiation-sensitive derivative of Streptococcus faecalis strain JH2-2 was isolated and found to be deficient in recombination, using a plasmid plasmid recombination system. The strain was sensitive to chemical agents which interact with deoxyribonucleic acid and also underwent deoxyribonucleic acid degradation after ultraviolet irradiation. Thus, the mutant has properties similar to those of recA strains of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6782084 TI - Approach to recognition of regulatory mutants of cyanobacteria. AB - Antimetabolite analogs of essential amino acids are useful as selective agents for isolation of regulatory mutants of cyanobacteria, although we observed striking microbiological differences from other widely used eubacterial systems. Regulatory mutants shown to overproduce and excrete tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, methionine, or arginine were isolated from four cyanobacteria: Anabaena sp. 29151, Synechococcus sp. 602, Synechococcus sp. AN Tx20, and Synechocystis sp. 29108. Surprisingly, regulatory-mutant colonies did not support a halo of cross-fed wild-type growth on selective medium. Since regulatory mutants were shown to excrete substantial levels of amino acids, it was deduced that poor cross-feeding must reflect a generally low nutritional responsiveness of the cyanobacterial background. This conclusion was confirmed by results which showed that regulatory-mutant cells of cyanobacteria dispersed among wild-type populations of Bacillus subtilis did produce halo colonies on solid analog containing medium. Cross-feeding between one cyanobacterial pair (a phenylalanine excretor and a phenylalanine auxotroph) was successfully demonstrated in the absence of the analog under conditions in which relatively large masses of each cell population type were spread near one another on agar plates. These results suggest that amino acid excreted by regulatory mutants of cyanobacteria on analog containing selective medium is transported into nearby wild-type cells too inefficiently to overcome the antimetabolite effects of the analog, thereby failing to generate halos of physiologically resistant background cells. Consistent with this interpretation was the finding that the pheA1 auxotroph from Synechococcus sp. 602 exhibited a linearly proportional dependence of growth rate upon exogenous concentration of l-phenylalanine (below 20 muM). Wild-type B. subtilis serves as a convenient and sensitive test lawn for screening obvious regulatory mutants from among collections of analog-resistant cyanobacterial mutants. Appropriate B. subtilis auxotrophs can be used as convenient indicator strains for the identification of regulatory mutants in cyanobacteria through the observation of syntrophic growth responses. PMID- 6782085 TI - Morphological effect of cerulenin treatment on Streptococcus faecalis as studied by ultrastructure reconstruction. AB - Exponential-phase cells of Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 9790 were treated with a concentration of cerulenin (5 micrograms/ml) that has been shown to block both lipoteichoic acid and lipid synthesis and cell division within 10 min. The morphological effect of this treatment was studied by making three-dimensional reconstructions of cells based on measurements taken from axial thin sections. This analysis indicated that cerulenin interferes with cell division by inhibiting normal constriction of the division furrow and centripetal growth of the cross wall in envelope growth sites. Rather than dividing, many of the sites in treated cells apparently continue to elongate and produce abnormally large amounts of peripheral wall surface. These observations were interpreted in terms of a previously proposed model in which cerulenin would prevent the synthesis of a lipid-containing inhibitor of autolytic enzyme activity needed for division. In addition, measurements showed that the average number of envelope growth sites per cell increased during treatment, suggesting that although cerulenin treatment blocks division, it does not interfere with the formation of new envelope growth sites. It was also observed that the size and frequency of mesosomes did not decline during the 60-min period of drug treatment. This tends to decrease the likelihood that mesosomes are formed from a pool of intracellular membrane precursors that would be depleted during a period of restricted lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 6782086 TI - Nickel requirement for active hydrogenase formation in Alcaligenes eutrophus. AB - The nickel-dependent chemolithoautotrophic growth of Alcaligenes eutrophus is apparently due to a requirement of nickel for active hydrogenase formation. Cells grown heterotrophically with fructose and glycerol revealed a specific activity of soluble and membrane-bound hydrogenase which was severalfold higher than the normal autotrophic level. The omission of nickel from the medium did not affect heterotrophic growth, but the soluble hydrogenase activity was reduced significantly. In the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), almost no hydrogenase activity was detected. The addition of nickel allowed active hydrogenase formation even when EDTA was present. When chloramphenicol was added simultaneously with nickel to an EDTA-containing medium, almost no hydrogenase activity was found. This indicates that nickel ions are involved in a process which requires protein synthesis and not the direct reactivation of a preformed inactive protein. The formation of the membrane-bound hydrogenase also appeared to be nickel dependent. Autotrophic CO2 assimilation did not specifically require nickel ions, since formate was utilized in the presence of EDTA and the activity of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase was not affected under these conditions. PMID- 6782087 TI - Threonine as a carbon source for Escherichia coli. AB - Threonine can be used aerobically as the sole source of carbon and energy by mutants of Escherichia coli K-12. The pathway used involves the conversion of threonine via threonine dehydrogenase to aminoketobutyric acid, which is further metabolized by aminoketobutyric acid ligase, forming acetyl coenzyme A and glycine. A strain devoid of serine transhydroxymethylase uses this pathway and excretes glycine as a waste product. Aminoketobutyric acid ligase activity was demonstrated after passage of crude extracts through Sephadex G100. PMID- 6782088 TI - Assimilation of single-stranded donor deoxyribonucleic acid fragments by nucleoids of competent cultures of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Lysates containing folded chromosomes of competent Bacillus subtilis were prepared. The chromosomes were supercoiled, as indicated by the biphasic response of their sedimentation rates to increasing concentrations of ethidium bromide. Limited incubation of the lysates with increasing concentrations of ribonucleases resulted in a gradual decrease in the sedimentation velocity of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) until finally a constant S value was reached. Incubation with sonicated, 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen-monoadducted, denatured, homologous donor DNA molecules at 37 degrees C and concomitant irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet light of the nucleoid-containing lysates resulted in the formation of complexes of the donor DNA molecules and the recipient chromosomes. This complex formation was stimulated when nucleoids were previously (i) unfolded by ribonuclease incubation, (ii) (partially) relaxed by X irradiation, or (iii) subjected to both treatments. Monoadducts were not essential. On the other hand, the complex-forming capacity of recipient chromosomes previously cross-linked by 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen diadducts was greatly reduced, suggesting that strand separation of the recipient molecule was involved in the formation of the complex. None of these effects has been observed when heterologous (Escherichia coli) donor DNA has been used. When the same kind of experiments were carried out at 70 degrees C, donor-recipient DNA complexes were also formed and required strand separation and homology similar to donor-recipient complex formation at 37 degrees C. However, in contrast to what was found at 37 degrees C, unfolding plus relaxation of the nucleoids, as well as the absence of monoadducts in the donor DNA fragments, resulted in a decrease in complex formation. On the basis of these results, we assume that superhelicity can promote the in vitro assimilation of single-stranded donor DNA fragments by nucleoids of competents B. subtilis cells at 70 degrees C, but that at 37 degrees C a different mechanism is involved. PMID- 6782089 TI - Effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on deoxyribonucleic acid entry and recombination in transformation of a wild-type strain and a rec-1 mutant of Haemophilus influenzae. AB - In transformation of Haemophilus influenzae, donor deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enters into competent cells in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), which prevents the formation of single stranded regions in the donor DNA that has entered. If after entry of DNA the recipient cells were first incubated at 17 degrees C and then at 37 degrees C in the continuous presence of EDTA, almost no integration occurred. On the other hand, if after entry of DNA the cells were incubated first at 17 degrees C in the absence of EDTA, allowing the generation of single-stranded regions (integration is blocked at this temperature), and then at 37 degrees C in the presence of EDTA, donor-recipient DNA complexes were formed. These results suggest that single-stranded regions are required for integration. Integration to completion was strongly inhibited by EDTA. In a rec-1 mutant of H. influenzae no donor-recipient DNA complexes carrying recombinant-type activity were formed during incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of EDTA. If rec-1 cells were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of EDTA, which strongly inhibited breakdown of DNA, donor-recipient DNA complexes were formed if previously single-stranded regions in the donor DNA that had entered were generated by incubation at 17 degrees C in the absence of EDTA. This suggests that the rec-1 protein protects the initial donor-recipient DNA complex against degradation, so that further steps in the recombination process can proceed. PMID- 6782090 TI - Attachment of the main chain to the linkage unit in biosynthesis of teichoic acids. AB - The main chain of teichoic acids can be assembled in cell-free membrane preparations by the transfer of residues from the appropriate nucleotide precursors to an incompletely characterized amphiphilic molecule, lipoteichoic acid carrier (LTC). However, in the cell wall, the main chain is attached to peptidoglycan through a linkage unit which is synthesized independently. It is believed that, in these cell-free systems, lipid intermediates carrying linkage units are also able to accept residues directly from nucleotide precursors to build up the main chain. In this paper, we have shown that the main chain attached to LTC was transferred from LTC to lipids containing the linkage unit. Thus, in these systems, there appear to be two routes to the biosynthesis of teichoic acid-linkage unit complexes, one by direct assembly of the main chain on linkage unit lipids and the other by transfer of the preassembled main chain from LTC to the linkage unit. It was also shown that linkage unit lipids from different organisms were interchangeable and that these were used for polymer synthesis by Bacillus subtilis 3610, in which the teichoic acid is a poly(glycerol phosphate). PMID- 6782091 TI - Analysis of Bacillus subtilis sporulation with spore-converting bacteriophage PMB12. AB - Previous observations concerning the ability of the spore-converting bacteriophage PMB12 to cause sporulation in certain sporulation-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis 168 were extended to include a spoOK mutant and a mutant temperature sensitive for sporulation due to a ribosomal mutation. Mutants of PMB12 that were unable to induce sporulation in the spoOK mutant were isolated to determine whether PMB12-encoded products had to affect the sporulation-specific functions of both the transcription and the translation systems of B. subtilis to induce sporulation. A complementation assay for spore conversion was used to assign the spore conversion-negative PMB12 mutants to four groups. One group of mutants repressed the ability of wild-type PMB12 to induce sporulation. None of the spore conversion-negative PMB12 mutants could induce significant levels of sporulation in B. subtilis mutants that were temperature sensitive for sporulation due to mutations in the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase or the 30S ribosomal subunit. Our data suggest that PMB12 may have at least three genes for spore conversion. The products of these genes apparently interact with a host cell pathway that is expressed during the earliest stage of sporulation and is not dependent for expression upon sporulation-specific functions of the host cell's transcription and translation systems. PMID- 6782092 TI - Tetracycline resistance genes from Bacillus plasmid pAB124 confer decreased accumulation of the antibiotic in Bacillus subtilis but not in Escherichia coli. AB - Expression of tetracycline resistance by genes originating in the Bacillus plasmid pAB124 was examined in both Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli host cells. Expression of resistance in B. subtilis by genes from pAB124 was inducible and associated with decreased accumulation of the antibiotic. A fragment of pAB124 carrying the genes coding for tetracycline resistance was cloned into the E. coli plasmid RSF2124. The cloned fragment conferred a low level of resistance in E. coli, but this was not associated with decreased uptake of tetracycline and was not inducible. PMID- 6782093 TI - Codon reading and translational error. Reading of the glutamine and lysine codons during protein synthesis in vitro. AB - The reading of glutamine and lysine codons during protein synthesis in vitro has been investigated using an MS2-RNA-programed system derived from Escherichia coli. Under conditions when either glutaminyl-tRNA1Gln (s2UUG) or glutaminyl tRNA2Gln (CUG) was the only source of glutamine for protein synthesis both tRNAs were able to read the glutamine codons CAA and CAG as indicated by the incorporation of labeled glutamine into the pertinent coat protein tryptic peptides. On the other hand, when the two glutamine tRNAs competed for the codon CAA the reading efficiency of the anticodon s2UUG, which reads the codon according to the wobble rules, was almost 40 times higher than that of the competing anticodon CUG, which reads the codon by "two out of three," i.e. it cannot form a regular base pair with the third codon position. In reading the codon CAG the anticodon CUG was approximately eight times more efficient than the anticodon s2UUG. The lysyl-tRNA1Lys (CUU) could not alone sustain any detectable coat protein synthesis in the MS2 system indicating that there was no significant reading of the lysine codon AAA. This conclusion is supported by the outcome of experiments where lysyl-tRNA1Lys (CUU) and lysyl-tRNA2Lys (s2UUU) competed for the codon AAA. The reading efficiency of the anticodon CUU was less than 1% of that of the competing s2UUU which represents the limit of resolution of our experimental system. When the two lysine tRNAs competed for the codon AAG the anticodon CUU was about four times more efficient than s2UUU. These results are discussed in the context of the two out of three hypothesis, which attempts to relate the frequency of such reading to the hydrogen bonding properties of the codon nucleotides. PMID- 6782094 TI - Purification and characterization of human serum galactosyltransferase (lactose synthetase A protein). AB - A galactosyltransferase, which transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to N acetylglucosamine, was purified 286,000-fold to homogeneity with 40% yield from human plasma by repeated affinity chromatography on alpha-lactalbumin-Sepharose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed a single protein band with molecular weight of 49,000. The enzyme is a glycoprotein with 11% by weight carbohydrate, which seems to have only asparagine N-acetylglucosamine linkage-type carbohydrate chains. The enzyme showed characteristic changes in activity at different alpha-lactalbumin concentrations, indicating that the enzyme is the A protein of lactose synthetase. Km values for the substrates were found to be 0.056 mM for UDP-galactose, 3.2 mM for GlcNAc, and 0.44 mM for Mn2+, and in the presence of alpha-lactalbumin, 3.4 mM for Glc, and 0.20 mM for Mn2+. The activity of the enzyme was neutralized by anti-enzyme antibody, but the antibody did not neutralize the bovine milk galactosyltransferase (A protein) activity. PMID- 6782095 TI - Phosphatidate and oxidized fatty acids are calcium ionophores. Studies employing arsenazo III in liposomes. AB - Liposomes which have entrapped the metallochromic dye, arsenazo III, constitute a sensitive assay system for ionophoresis of divalent cations. By this means we have compared known calcium ionophores (A23187, ionomycin) with membrane phospholipids, fatty acids, prostanoids, and retinoids. Added at micromolar concentrations to preformed multilamellar liposomes (phosphatidylcholine 7:dicetyl phosphate 2: cholesterol 1) both A23187 and ionomycin, as well as phosphatidic acid and products derived from linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and two eicosatrienoic acids provoked Ca influx (e.g. phosphatidic acid: 0.13 mol of Ca2+/mol of membrane lipid/5 min). A variety of other phospholipids (e.g. phosphatidylinositol), fatty acids (e.g. arachidonic acid), prostanoids (e.g. PGE1) retinoids (e.g. retinoic acid), and glyceryl ether phosphorylcholines ("platelet-activating factors") were without effect. Phosphatidic acid and oxidized fatty acids translocated divalent cations selectively, demonstrating the same rank order as A23187 or ionomycin: Mn greater than Ca greater than Sr much greater than Mg. Membrane lysis did not contribute to the perceived translocation; the liposomes remained impermeable to EDTA, EGTA, arsenazo III, or Mg. Liposomes with phosphatidic acid or oxidized trienoic acids preincorporated at 1-5 mole % of total lipids also permitted translocation of Ca but not Mg. Reduction of ionophoretic fatty acids or ionomycin with stannous chloride abolished their ionophoretic activity. Release of Ca from liposomes which had entrapped arsenazo III-Ca complexes into a medium rich in EGTA permitted calculation of efflux induced by ionophores, whether these were added to the outside of liposomes or preincorporated. Data suggest that phosphatidic acid and oxidized di- and trienoic fatty acids, which act as calcium ionophores in model bilayers, could serve as "endogenous ionophores" in cells. PMID- 6782096 TI - Quantitative analysis of intermediary metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Cells kept under static conditions for four hours after growth in glucose-supplemented medium. PMID- 6782097 TI - The branching and linear portions of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) have the same alpha(1 leads to 2) ribose-ribose linkage. AB - The structure of the branching site of poly(ADP-ribose) was determined as O-alpha D-ribofuranosyl-(1"' leads to 2")-O-alpha-D-ribofuranosyl-(1" leads to 2') adenosine-5',5",5"'-tris(phosphate) by gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and 1H-NMR measurements. Thus the structures of all the ribose-ribose linkages known in poly(ADP-ribose) are uniformly alpha(1 leads to 2)glycosidic bond. This indicates that branching ADP-ribosylation and elongating ADP-ribosylation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis are catalyzed by similar alpha(1 leads to 2)-specific ADP-ribosyl transferases or the same enzyme. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase, which specifically hydrolyzes the ribose-ribose bonds of poly(ADP-ribose), also cleaves the ribose-ribose-ribose bonds at the site of branching. PMID- 6782098 TI - Comparison of cytosol retinol binding proteins from bovine retina, dog liver, and rat liver. AB - Cytosol retinol binding proteins (CRBP's) have been purified from rat liver, dog liver, and bovine retina. All had identical molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. They had different RF values on non-sodium dodecyl sulfate gels at pH 8.9. The three CRBP exhibited similar absorption and fluorescence spectra. The absorbance of the ligand was perturbed after binding, the main band shifting bathochromically and exhibiting a lambda(max) at 350 nm compared with 328 nm for free retinol in hexane. Additionally, subsidiary peaks appeared at 335 and 367 nm. Rabbit antiserum against rat liver CRBP cross-reacted with CRBP's from dog liver and bovine retina. The Ouchterlony immunodiffusion technique indicated that these proteins have molecular structures with identical antigenic determinants. All three CRBP's had amino acid composition that were virtually identical, as judged by our own observations and those of other laboratories. The molecular structure of cytosol retinol binding proteins appears to be highly conserved, irrespective of species or tissue of origin. PMID- 6782099 TI - Spectrophotometric and kinetic studies on the interaction of antibiotic X5108, the N-methylated derivative of kirromycin, with elongation factor Tu from Escherichia coli. AB - The absorption spectrum of antibiotic X5108, the N-methylated derivative of kirromycin, has been found to be decreased in intensity on binding to elongation factor (EF)-Tu . GDP, EF-Tu . GTP, and nucleotide-free EF-Tu. This has allowed the binding of X5108 to be studied directly. In agreement with previous studies, a 1:1 stoichiometry is observed, with a dissociation constant of less than 1 microM. Identical results were obtained with all three EF-Tu species. The absorption spectrum of X5108 in increasing concentrations of isopropyl alcohol first intensifies and then decreases, 80% isopropyl alcohol giving the same spectrum as that of X5108 bound to EF-Tu. This result is interpreted as showing that the chromophoric moiety of X5108 is bound in a highly hydrophobic environment on EF-Tu. The rate of binding of X5108 to EF-Tu . GDP was measured using a stopped flow spectrophotometer. This rate was proportional to the concentration of X5108, giving a second order binding rate constant of 4.8 X 10(3) M-1 s-1. Since this is several orders of magnitude too slow for a diffusion controlled reaction, the results are interpreted based on a two-step binding process. A half-time of about 10 min is calculated for the dissociation of X5108 from EF-Tu . GDP. The fact that X5108 bound to EF-Tu is not in rapid equilibrium with X5108 free in solution needs to be considered in studies on the effect of X5108 and kirromycin on partial reactions of protein biosynthesis. PMID- 6782100 TI - The physical characterization of an aggregating IgG heteropolymer containing rheumatoid factor. AB - An IgG heteropolymer containing rheumatoid factor activity was isolated from the serum of a patient with the polyclonal hyperviscosity syndrome. This aggregating system was characterized using ultracentrifugation, classical light scattering, and rheological methods. The degree of polymerization is shown to be reversible and dependent on both pH and concentration. Light-scattering studies show a minimum stable intermediate consisting of four IgG monomers to exist at pH 7.4. The theoretical intrinsic viscosity and radius of gyration for the feasible configurations of such a tetramer were calculated. These models were compared to the experimental values. A cyclic structure is shown to be most compatible with the experimental data. Immunochemical analysis suggests that each tetramer contains two IgG1 rheumatoid factors binding to determinants on IgG3 Fc regions. PMID- 6782101 TI - The role of phospholipid and factor VIIIa in the activation of bovine factor X. AB - The kinetic parameters of bovine factor X activation by bovine factor IXa have been determined in the absence and presence of Ca2+, thrombin-activated bovine factor VIII (VIIIa), and phospholipid (dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/dioleoylphosphatidylserine, 75/25; mol/mol). Factor IXa in the absence of Ca2+, factor VIIIa, and phospholipid is able to catalyze factor X activation. The Km for factor X is 299 microM which is well above its concentration in bovine plasma, about 0.2 microM. The Vmax of factor Xa formation is 0.0022 mol of Xa . min-1 . mol of IXa-1 under these conditions. Addition of Ca2+ has little effect on the kinetic constants of factor X activation by factor IXa. In the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 the Km for factor X is 181 microM, and the Vmax is 0.0105 mol of Xa . min-1 . mol of IXa-1. The presence of 10 microM phospholipid dramatically decreases the Km for factor X to 0.058 microM, and the Vmax becomes 0.0025 mol of Xa . min-1 . mol of IXa-1. The Vmax of factor Xa formation slightly increases when more phospholipid is present in our experiments, and there is a considerable increase of the Km for factor X at higher phospholipid concentrations. Therefore, the Km measured in the presence of phospholipid has to be regarded as an apparent Km. The possible explanations for this phenomenon are discussed. For the complete factor X-activating complex (i.e. factor IXa, factor VIIIa, Ca2+, and 10 microM phospholipid) the Km for factor X is 0.0063 microM, and the Vmax is raised 200,000-fold to 500 mol of Xa . min-1 . mol of IXa-1. In order to exert its stimulating effect on factor X activation factor VIII has to be activated with thrombin. Our results show that factor IXa is an enzyme which can activate factor X at a very low rate. The stimulating effect of phospholipid in factor X activation is mainly due to an effect on the Km for factor X, bringing it within the range of the plasma concentration. The stimulatory effect of factor VIIIa is explained by its 200,000-fold increase of the Vmax of factor Xa formation. PMID- 6782102 TI - Inhibition of Ca2+ of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia). AB - The effect of Ca2+ ions on carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) (EC 6.3.4.16) of rat liver mitochondria was studied. In lysed mitochondria, carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) was inhibited by Ca2+ ions. In intact rat liver mitochondria, the rate of citrulline production from added ammonia, ornithine, and bicarbonate was inversely correlated with the magnitude of the intramitochondrial concentration of Ca2+. This effect was found at concentrations of Ca2+ which are within the physiological range. The inhibition was reversed by added Mg2+ and was not due to effects of Ca2+ on mitochondrial energy production. It is proposed that the activity of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) may be modulated in vivo by changes in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 6782103 TI - Molecular characterization of cell surface antigens of fetal tissue. Detailed analysis of glycosphingolipids of meconium of a human O Le(a--b+) secretor. AB - The glycosphingolipids of meconium of a human O Le(a--b+) secretor have been subjected to structural and immunological characterization. Mass spectrometry, proton NMR spectroscopy, and gas-liquid chromatography were used for chemical analyses, and haemagglutination-inhibition for immunological characterization. The great amounts of glycolipids present also facilitated the analyses of minor species constituting only 1% or less of the total weight of the non-acid glycolipids. Glucosylceramide and galactosylceramide were the dominating glycolipids comprising 15 and 30%, respectively, of the total weight. The diglycosylceramides found were lactosylceramide and digalactosylceramide. The globo series was represented by globotriaosylceramide, small amounts of globotetraosylceramide, part of which had ceramide of phytosphingosine and hydroxy fatty acid, and a minor species of monofucosyl hexaglycosylceramide with an inner globotetraose oligosaccharide. No Forssman or Forssman-like antigen was found. The lacto series, quantitatively approximately 30% of the total weight, was mainly represented by lactotetraosylceramide and H-active, Lea-active, and Leb-active glycolipids with 5-6 sugars based on lactotetraosylceramide. Minor species having 0-3 fucoses in their carbohydrate chains and carrying up to 11 sugar residues were also identified. Great amounts of free ceramides were also found to be typical for this tissue. PMID- 6782104 TI - The role of mRNA levels and cellular localization in controlling sn-glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase expression in tissues of the mouse. AB - sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (glycerol-P dehydrogenase, EC 1.1.1.8) activity levels in seven tissues of adult mice vary approximately 100-fold from a low of 0.1 unit/mg of protein in the cerebral cortex to a high of 8 units/mg of protein in the brown fat of cold-adapted mice; the brown fat accounts for approximately 1% of the total tissue protein. This high degree of variation in the quantitative expression of an enzyme in different tissues has provided us with a system for analyzing the mechanism by which tissue specific variation for a given gene product is controlled. To this end we have measured the amount of immunoreactive enzyme and the level of translatable glycerol-P dehydrogenase mRNA and have localized the glycerol-P dehydrogenase-positive cells by immunocytochemistry. We have found that the amount of enzyme protein in a tissue is strongly correlated with the level of its translatable mRNA (correlation coefficient = 0.996) and that in several cases the differences among tissues can be explained by differences in the numbers of glycerol-P dehydrogenase-positive cells. PMID- 6782105 TI - Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. In vitro assembly of the rod substructures of Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes. AB - The 75-, 33-, 30-, and 27-kilodalton polypeptide components ("linker polypeptides") of the phycobilisome of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6301 have been purified and characterized. In 0.6 M NaK phosphate buffer at pH 8, the 33-, 30-, and 27-kilodalton polypeptides assemble phycocyanin into ordered aggregates, whereas the 75-kilodalton polypeptide does not interact with phycocyanin. In the presence of the 33- and 30-kilodalton polypeptides, phycocyanin is assembled into hexameric discs and rods of stacked discs with the ultrastructural characteristics of the rod elements of intact phycobilisomes. Interaction of phycocyanin with only the 27-kilodalton polypeptide leads solely to the formation of discs that do not assemble into rods. Rods formed by interaction of phycocyanin with the 30- and 33-kilodalton polypeptides in the presence of the 27-kilodalton polypeptide are much shorter than those formed in its absence. This suggests that addition to growing rods of discs formed from phycocyanin and the 27-kilodalton polypeptide terminates rod assembly. Ordered structures formed upon interaction of phycocyanin with individual linker polypeptides contain at least 1 eq of linker polypeptide/(alpha beta)6 hexamer of phycocyanin. Complexes of phycocyanin with different linker polypeptides have distinctive spectroscopic properties that suggest a polar energy transfer along rod substructures toward the core. The linker polypeptides show no absorbance in the visible region of the spectrum. Peptide mapping shows that they are not related to each other by proteolytic processing. PMID- 6782106 TI - New developments in the measurement of the hemagglutinin content of influenza virus vaccines by single-radial-immunodiffusion. PMID- 6782107 TI - Studies on cell adhesion and recognition. I. Extent and specificity of cell adhesion triggered by carbohydrate-reactive proteins (glycosidases and lectins) and by fibronectin. AB - The extent and the specificity of the initial cell attachment induced by various proteins coated on plastic surfaces have been studied with the following results: (a) Cell adhesion on the surfaces coated with sialidase and beta-galactosidase was as strong as on concanavalin A and limulus lectin-coated surfaces and the reactions were strongly inhibited by glycosidase inhibitors or by competitive substrates. The adhesion on sialidase was inhibited by 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N acetylneuraminic acid and by polysialoganglioside (GT1b) at low concentration (0.05-0.1 mM). The cell adhesion on beta-galactosidase coat was inhibited by 1,4 D-galactonolactone and beta-methylgalactoside but not by alpha-methylgalactoside. Thus, the initiation of cell adhesion on glycosidase surfaces could be mediated through the interactions of the specific binding sites of the enzyme surface with the cell surface substrates under physiological conditions. (b) Cell adhesion on various lectins could be blocked by various competing monosaccharides at the concentrations similar to the inhibitory concentrations for binding of lectins from solution to the cells. (c) Cell adhesion on fibronectin surfaces as well as on gelatin-coated surfaces was equally inhibited by GT1b at relatively high concentrations (0.25-0.5 mM). Lower concentrations of GT1b (0.05-0.1 mM) inhibited the cell adhesion on surfaces of Limulus lectin and sialidase. It is suggested that the cell adhesion mediated by fibronectin is based on yet unknown interactions in contrast to a specific cell adhesion through glycosidases and lectins. PMID- 6782108 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against a specific nonhistone chromosomal protein of Drosophila associated with active genes. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies have been produced by fusion of NS-1 mouse myeloma cells with the spleen cells of mice inoculated with a 60-65,000-mol wt fraction of proteins released from Drosophila embryo nuclei treated with DNase I. The antibodies secreted by the hybridomas were examined with polytene chromosomes of formaldehyde-fixed salivary gland squashes by an immunofluorescence assay. Most of the clonal antibodies obtained resulted in specific staining of the chromosomes relative to the cytoplasmic debris. In the case of clone 28, the antibodies showed a preferential association with sites of gene activity, both puffs and loci identified as puffing at some time during the third instar and prepupal period. In larvae that were heat shocked (exposed to 35 degrees C for 15 min before removal and fixation of the glands), the antibodies of clone 28 stained preferentially the induced heat-shock loci while continuing to stain most of the normal set of loci. The antigen for clone 28 was identified as a single protein of approximately 62,000 mol wt by using the antibodies followed by 125I-rabbit anti-mouse Ig to stain nitrocellulose replicas of SDS polyacrylamide gels of total chromosomal proteins. This study demonstrates that monoclonal antibodies can be used successfully in immunofluorescence staining of formaldehyde-fixed polytene chromosomes. The results verify the hypothesis that a specific nonhistone chromosomal protein is preferentially associated with the set of loci that includes both active sites and those scheduled to be active at some time in this developmental program. Such proteins may play a general role in the mechanisms of cell determination and gene activation. PMID- 6782109 TI - Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. IV. mRNA complexity of free and membrane-bound polysomes. AB - We have analyzed the sequence complexity, frequency distribution, and template activity of free (F) and membrane-bound (MB) polysomal mRNA populations of MOPC 21 (P3K) mouse myeloma cells. Using the technique of mRNA-cDNA hybridization, we find that F poly(A)+ RNA, which represent 60% of total polysomal mRNA, consists of approximately 8,000 different mRNA sequences distributed in three abundance classes, while MB poly(A)+ RNA (20% of total polysomal mRNA) includes only 230 mRNA species and almost completely lacks very infrequent mRNA species. Cross hybridization indicates that MB mRNA sequences are also present in F mRNA, but in reduced concentrations. Translation of F and MB RNA fractions in a messenger dependent reticulocyte lysate indicates that essentially all MB RNA contains poly(A), whereas 25% of F mRNA lacks poly(A). Furthermore, the use of a cDNA highly specific for the immunoglobulin light (Ig L) chain mRNA allows the determination of the subcellular content of this message. Ig L mRNA, representing approximately 5% of total polysomal poly(A)+ RNA, is one of the most abundant MB mRNAs. 90% of Ig L mRNA is found in MB polysomes and 10% in F polysomes. PMID- 6782110 TI - Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. V. Subcellular distribution of immunoglobulin mRNA molecules. AB - The subcellular distribution of the most abundant mRNA sequences, particularly those of the immunoglobulin heavy (Ig H) and light (IG L) chain mRNA sequences, of MOPC 21 (P3K) mouse myeloma cells has been examined by translating the mRNA of various subcellular fractions in a messenger-dependent reticulocyte lysate (MDL) and by identifying Ig products with the use of a specific antiserum. Analyses of the distribution of the mRNA template activity and the translation products by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal that approximately 85% of the mRNA present in the free ribosomal fraction is incorporated into polysomes and that the remainder is present as mRNP particles. On the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) the mRNA is found entirely in polysomes. In general, the size class of free (F) and membrane-bound (MB) polysomes corresponds to the size of their translation products. Thus, mRNAs coding Ig H (5.0 x 10(5) daltons in size) and Ig L (2.5 x 10(5) daltons in size) are incorporated into polysomes formed of 12 and 6 ribosomes, respectively. About 10% of the Ig mRNAs are not bound to membranes. A third of these are associated with mRNPs and the remainder incorporated into F polysomes of the same size as the Ig-synthesizing MB polysomes. PMID- 6782111 TI - Membrane-bound ribosomes of myeloma cells. VI. Initiation of immunoglobulin mRNA translation occurs on free ribosomes. AB - Immunoglobulin heavy (Ig H) and light (Ig L) chain mRNA molecules have been released from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes as free (F) mRNP particles when MOPC 21 (P3K) mouse myeloma cells are exposed to a hypertonic initiation block (HIB). The subsequent fate of these mRNA sequences has been examined when the cells are returned to normal growth medium. Upon return to isotonicity, all previously translated mRNA molecules reassociate with ribosomes and form functional polysomes. Ig H mRNA is found incorporated first into F polysomes and then into membrane-bound (MB) polysomes. Kinetic studies indicate that the time of passage of Ig H mRNA in F polysomes is approximately 30 s, during which a nascent polypeptide chain of approximately 80 amino acids would have been completed. When the rate of polypeptide elongation is depressed with emetine during the recovery from HIB, both Ig H and L mRNA molecules accumulate in small F polysomes. These results indicate that the formation of Ig-synthesizing polysomes proceeds in the sequence: mRNA leads to F polysomes leads to MB polysomes. With the additional observation that during HIB recovery puromycin completely prevents the reassociation of Ig mRNA with the ER, these findings support a model of MB polysome formation in which the specificity of membrane attachment is determined by the nature of the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the nascent polypeptide chain. PMID- 6782112 TI - Structural changes in lysosomes from cultured human fibroblasts in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. AB - We have previously reported a decreased activity of the lysosomal enzyme dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-I (DAP-I) in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD). Here we report that electron microscope examination of these cells reveals the presence of abundant lamellar bodies, a morphologic abnormalities commonly associated with impaired lysosomal function. Morphometric analysis of these cytoplasmic figures in dystrophic cells shows a sevenfold increase relative to normal controls (P less than 0.01). Analysis of lysosomal density profiles by density gradient centrifugation reveals similar patterns in normal and DMD cells. Treatment of lysosomes wit the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 causes an activation of DAP-I. This activation, attributable to structure-linked latency, is markedly diminished in DMD cells which show an optimal activation of only 180% compared to 255% for control fibroblasts (P less than 0.01). These data suggest an alteration in the properties of the lysosomal membrane in DMD fibroblasts. This suggestion is also supported by studies on the release of DAP-I from lysosomes by osmotic shock which show it to be a membrane-associated enzyme with membrane-binding characteristics intermediate between those of tightly bound beta-glucosidase and those of unbound N-acetylgalactosaminidase. The latency characteristics of these other lysosomal enzymes are not altered in the DMD cells, indicating that the effect is specific for DAP-I. PMID- 6782113 TI - [Modern peroperative radiology in biliary surgery. Results obtained in a continuous series of 341 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors study the results obtained in biliary surgery using modern radiological and electronic equipment, combining rapid-sequence image intensified fluorography modular cabinet, television screens and videorecorder. The performance of this apparatus has enabled them to obtain precise measurements of pressure as required, a continuous film reproducing the televised image, films taken in series at the time of and during the desired programming with a very short time required for setting up and with multiple views. Under such conditions, it is possible to avoid troublesome superimpositions, to reduce to the order of 0% the figure for missed calculi and to adequately explore the choledoco-duodenal junction with the possibility of precisely determining the indications for sphincterotomy (Oddi). Finally, the apparatus offers the possibility of combining an abdominal vascular assessment with the biliary investigation, in those cases where such a study may appear useful. Finally, the price of the apparatus is acceptable since it may be used by several departments at the same time within the context of a common operating suite. PMID- 6782114 TI - Thyroxine-binding globulin: investigation of microheterogeneity. AB - Preparations of T4-binding globulin (TBG) from human serum was performed using only two affinity chromatography steps. Purity of the protein was demonstrated by a single band in overloaded disc and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis, equimolar binding to T4, and linearity in sedimentation velocity run. The molecular weight was calculated to be 60,000 +/- 3,000 daltons (n = 3), the sedimentation coefficient was 3.95S, and the Stokes' radius was 37 A. The amino acid composition was found to be in good agreement with the calculations of other authors. By isoelectric focussing (IEF), pure TBG showed four main bands at pH 4.25, 4.35, 4.45, and 4.55 together with several fainter bands. The N acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) content of the four TBG bands isolated by preparative IEF was found to decrease from 10.2 mol NANA/mol TBG in the band at pH 4.25 to 4.8 mol NANA/mol TBG in the band at pH 4.55. No significant difference in the affinity constants of the TBG bands to T4 was found. The affinity constants for TBG ranged from 3.1 x 10(9) to 7.2 x 10(9) M-1. Sequential kinetic desialylation of pure TBG resulted in a progressive tendency toward one major band at pH 6.0. In native sera, microheterogeneity of TBG was detected after IEF on polyacrylamide gel plates by immunofixation. The typical TBG patterns shown by pure TBG were also found in normal subjects. Characteristic deviations from this pattern were found in the sera of females during estrogen therapy or pregnancy, where there was a gradual increase in density of the band at pH 4.25 and the appearance of an additional band at pH 4.15. In sera from patients with liver disease and elevated TBG levels, there was a fading of the acidic bands, whereas the more alkaline band at pH 4.55 was intensified. It is therefore proposed that microheterogeneity of TBG is caused by differences in NANA content and that variations of TBG patterns in native sera may reflect altered TBG synthesis or degradation. A genetically related microheterogeneity of TBG could not be demonstrated after examination of 800 sera, including 2 families with quantitative TBG deficiency. PMID- 6782115 TI - Oxytocin release and plasma anterior pituitary and gonadal hormones in women during lactation. AB - Serial plasma oxytocin (OT), PRL, TSH, FSH, LH, estrone, estradiol, and progesterone were measured by RIA in 12 women before and during a 30-min breast feeding period on the third or fifth postpartum day. Plasma OT increased significantly from 10.8 +/- 3.4 to 22.4 +/- 3.5 pg/ml (mean +/- SE) within 2 min of suckling (P = less than 0.05) to reach the mean peak level of 53.2 pg/ml at 10 min. The increase in plasma OT was bimodal. Plasma PRL and TSH also increased significantly from baseline levels of 192 +/- 39 ng/ml and 16.9 +/- 5.6 microU/ml, respectively, to reach maximum levels of 427 +/- 91 ng PRL/ml at 10 min (P = less than 0.025) and 281.5 +/- 56.6 microU TSH/ml at 25 min (P = less than 0.005). Plasma FSH-beta (range of means, 3.5-4.6 ng/ml), LH (range of means, 1.7-2.6 mIU/ml), and estradiol (range of means, 29.8-38.2 pg/ml) were low and remained unchanged throughout breast feeding. Plasma progesterone was 6.0 +/- 0.4 ng/ml before breast feeding and did not alter significantly during breast feeding. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the milk let-down reflex and the relationship of TSH to PRL. PMID- 6782116 TI - Objectively recorded hot flushes in patients with pituitary insufficiency. AB - A study was conducted of 2 young adult women with pituitary insufficiency and complaints of hot flushes. Both underwent continuous recordings of skin temperature of the finger and skin resistance over the sternum as objective indices of flushing episodes. Frequent blood samples were also obtained during the recordings for the measurement of serum LH and FSH levels. During the 10 h of recording, 12 subjective hot flushes occurred and each was associated with a rise of finger temperature of greater than 1 C. Eighty-five percent of the temperature rises were associated with measurable decreases in skin resistance. The mean interval between flushes, the magnitude of the skin temperature and resistance changes, and the relationship of these changes to the onset of subjective flushes were identical to those observed in symptomatic postmenopausal women. Circulating gonadotropin levels were in the low to low normal range in comparison to values observed in premenopausal women and showed minimal pulsatile release. There were no significant correlations between finger temperature changes and LH levels in either subject. These results suggest that the previously described association of pulsatile LH release and the occurrence of hot flushes in postmenopausal women cannot be attributed to augmented LH secretion per se and, therefore, may be due to hypothalamic factors responsible for pulsatile LH release. PMID- 6782117 TI - Luteinizing hormone- and alpha-subunit-secreting pituitary tumor: positive feedback of estrogen. PMID- 6782119 TI - Technical aspects of the Staphylococcus aureus teichoic acid antibody assay: gel diffusion and counterimmunoelecrophoretic assays, antigen preparation, antigen selection, concentration effects, and cross-reactions with other organisms. AB - Because variable results are being reported from laboratories performing the teichoic acid antibody assay in patients with serious infections due to Staphylococcus aureus, we have thoroughly reviewed all technical aspects of the test. This paper reports on the importance of agar and antigen preparation in standardizing results of the assay and reducing the prevalence of false-negative and -positive tests. Once standardized, the counterimmunoelectrophoretic method is as accurate as the gel diffusion method for both initial screening and generating titers; practically, however, unless numerous tests are to be performed, the gel diffusion technique will suffice for most purposes. The cell wall of the Lafferty strain of S. aureus was used as the standard antigen in assays for serum antibodies. We studied whether it is an appropriate antigen and found that antibody titers obtained with the Lafferty strain antigen were, in three patients with endocarditis, the same as those obtained with antigens from the individual blood stream isolates. We have also confirmed that pooled human gamma globulin can be used, by back titration against newly prepared lots of antigen, to select optimal antigen concentration and is as good as more specific, higher titer serum specimens for that purpose. Finally, cell wall antigens from Staphylococcus epidermidis and a variety of streptococci may react with normal human sera, but such antigens are distinct by immunoprecipitation from those from S. aureus. PMID- 6782118 TI - An inverse relationship exists between seminal plasma inhibin and serum follicle stimulating hormone in man. AB - Inhibin concentrations were measured in 109 seminal plasma samples obtained from 32 normal subjects, 51 infertile patients with either azoospermia or oligospermia, and 20 patients 2-8 months post vasectomy. The infertile group included 14 azoospermic patients with raised peripheral plasma FSH levels (6.8 30.2 IU/liter) and 17 azoospermic patients in whom FSH levels were normal. Only 6 of the 20 patients with oligospermia had raised FSH levels. Seminal plasma inhibin was measured in individual samples using a quantitative in vitro rat anterior pituitary cell culture bioassay in which FSH cell anterior pituitary cell culture bioassay in which FSH cell content was measured after 72 h of incubation with the inhibin-containing material. Biopotencies were determined using combined multiple parallel line assays with reference to an inhibin standard with a potency of 1 U/mg. The concentrations of inhibin in normal seminal plasma were 31.4 +/- 3.0 U/ml, which contrasted with the low levels found in azoospermic patients with high plasma FSH levels. Of these, seven had undetectable inhibin levels (less than 2.5 U/ml) and seven had values ranging from 4.2-8.5 U/ml. These concentrations were significantly lower than those in azoospermic patients, in whom FSH was not raised (18.9 +/- 2.2 U/ml). Seminal plasma inhibin levels post vasectomy were 16.9 +/- 2.3 U/ml and were not significantly different from those measured in azoospermic-normal FSH patients. Peripheral plasma FSH levels were expressed as a function of seminal plasma inhibin concentrations (r = -0.736; P less than 0.001; excluding those patients with vasal obstruction). These findings show that inhibin-like activity in seminal plasma is reduced in infertile men with raised peripheral plasma FSH levels, and that a reciprocal inverse relationship exists between serum FSH and seminal plasma inhibin concentrations. PMID- 6782120 TI - Proposed explanation for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient patients. AB - We have examined the basis for the recently reported, but unexplained deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) in the erythrocytes of patients with genetic deficiencies of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. We found that a hemolysate from a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency had only 7% of control AdoHcyase activity, conforming the original observation. Of the purine nucleosides known to accumulate in nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients, inosine alone caused the phosphate-dependent, irreversible inactivation of purified human placental AdoHcyase, and of AdoHcyase in intact erythrocytes and cultured lymphoblastoid cells. Hypoxanthine did not inactivate purified AdoHcyase, but potentiated the effect of inosine in intact hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient human lymphoblastoid cells. This presumably resulted from the ability of hypoxanthine to shift the equilibrium of the nucleoside phosphorylase reaction, preventing inosine breakdown. This could account for the partial AdoHcyase deficiency reported in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficient patients. We have also demonstrated the AdoHycase-catalyzed synthesis of S-inosylhomocysteine from inosine and L-homocysteine, a reaction which may occur in nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient patients. PMID- 6782121 TI - Nitroglycerin stimulates synthesis of prostacyclin by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Nitroglycerin (NTG), the agent most commonly used to treat acute angina pectoris, is a vasodilator whose mechanism of action remains unknown. We hypothesized that NTG might induce endothelial cells to synthesize prostacyclin (PGI(2)), a known vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet aggregation. Therefore, cultured human endothelial cells were incubated with NTG at various concentrations for 1-3 min. PGI(2) biologic activity in the endothelial cell supernates was assayed by inhibition of platelet aggregation in vitro. The concentration of 6-keto PGF(1alpha), the stable hydrolysis product of PGI(2), was measured by specific radioimmunoassay.NTG alone significantly inhibited platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) synthesis only at suprapharmacologic concentrations (>/=1 mug/ml). However, when NTG at clinically attainable concentrations (0.1-10 ng/ml) was incubated with endothelial cells, the endothelial cell supernates inhibited platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitor was heat labile. Radioimmunoassay of the endothelial cell supernates for 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) demonstrated that NTG elicited dose-dependent increments in the synthesis of PGI(2) by endothelial cells, ranging from 13% at NTG 10 pg/ml to 63% at NTG 10 ng/ml (P < 0.01, n = 10). Pretreatment of endothelial cells with either aspirin (50 muM for 120 min) or the prostacyclin synthetase inhibitor 15 hydroperoxyarachidonic acid (20 mug/ml for 15 min) abolished production of the platelet inhibitory substance. Synergy between NTG and PGI(2) in the inhibition of platelet aggregation was not present at clinically attainable concentrations of NTG.Thus, NTG at clinically attainable concentrations causes a dose-dependent increase in PGI(2) synthesis by endothelial cells. If this phenomenon occurs in vivo, the PGI(2) produced could ameliorate myocardial ischemia by causing peripheral vasodilation and decreasing cardiac work, inhibiting platelet aggregation and thromboxane A(2) synthesis, and possibly reversing coronary artery vasospasm. PMID- 6782122 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the systemic circulation of the neonatal rat is derived from the pancreas and other extraneural tissues. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity (IR-TRH) has been detected in the circulation of the neonatal rat. This immunoreactivity was demonstrated in purified ethanol extracts of plasma, and was indistinguishable from synthetic TRH using radioimmunoassay and chromatographic criteria. To determine the source of the circulating IR-TRH, tissue concentrations of TRH were analyzed during maturation of the rat. These studies revealed that during the first 10 d of life, the pancreas contained the greatest concentration of IR-TRH of any organ (pancreas, 289+/-35 pg/mg; hypothalamus, 13+/-3 pg/mg, day 5). Thereafter, pancreatic IR-TRH concentrations declined progressively while hypothalamic concentrations gradually increased (pancreas, 1.2+/-0.2 pg/mg; hypothalamus, 365+/-54 pg/mg, adult rat). IR-TRH was also found throughout the gastrointestinal tract but was not detected in the liver, spleen, kidney, or heart. IR-TRH from the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract gave radio-immunoassay binding displacement curves that were parallel to a curve generated with synthetic TRH, and co-migrated with synthetic TRH on Sephadex G-10 and high performance liquid chromatography. In addition, IR-TRH from purified pancreatic extracts was biologically active in that it released thyrotropin and prolactin from rat adenohypophysial cells maintained in monolayer culture. When a total pancreatectomy was performed on the 5th d of life of the rat, mean plasma TRH concentrations were significantly decreased 3 h afterwards (84+/-9 vs. 63+/-7 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Neither the TRH concentrations in the brain, hypothalamus, or gastrointestinal tract, nor the pituitary-thyroid axis were affected by the pancreatectomy. However, mean plasma TRH concentrations remained unaltered 3 h after removal of the hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic brain. FROM THESE RESULTS WE CONCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (a) the TRH immunoreactivity in the circulation, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract of the neonatal rat is indistinguishable from synthetic TRH; (b) pancreatic secretion provides a significant contribution to the IR-TRH in plasma, and a proportion of the circulating IR-TRH is derived from other extraneural sites. These findings therefore imply that alterations in hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic brain secretion of TRH are not reflected by changes in levels of this tripeptide in the systemic circulation. PMID- 6782123 TI - Pulmonary vasodilator responses to nitroprusside and nitroglycerin in the dog. AB - The objective of this study was to determine the direct actions of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on the pulmonary vascular bed in the intactchest dog. These widely used nitrogen oxide-containing vasodilator agents decreased pulmonary arterial pressure and increased cardiac output without altering left atrial pressure. Reductions in pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance were small under resting conditions, but were enhanced when pulmonary vascular tone was elevated by infusion of a stable prostaglandin analog that increases pulmonary vascular resistance by constricting intrapulmonary veins and upstream segments. In studies in which pulmonary blood flow to the left lower lobe was maintained constant, nitroprusside and nitroglycerin caused small but significant reductions in lobar arterial and small-vein pressures without significantly affecting left atrial pressure. With constant blood flow, lobar vascular pressures that were reduced in response to the vasodilators were more greatly reduced when lobar vascular resistance was increased by infusion of the prostaglandin analog or serotonin. However, when lobar vascular pressures were elevated by passive obstruction of lobar venous outflow, vasodilator responses to nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were not enhanced. These data suggest that nitroprusside and nitroglycerin decrease pulmonary vascular resistance by dilating intrapulmonary veins and upstream segments. These responses were minimal under control conditions but were enhanced when vascular tone was increased. This vasodilator action is independent of passive factors such as changes in pulmonary blood flow or left atrial pressure and is not secondary to an effect of these agents on the systemic circulation. Pulmonary vasodilator responses to nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were, however, found to be dependent on the existing level of vasomotor tone in the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 6782125 TI - Partial amino acid sequence homology between an heredofamilial amyloid protein and human plasma prealbumin. AB - Amyloid fibril protein has been isolated from the tissues of a patient of Swedish ancestry with autosomal dominant heredofamilial amyloidosis. After solubilization in guanidine HCl, a significant amount of the protein was contained in a homogeneous low molecular weight fraction. Molecular weight of approximately 14,000, amino acid analysis, double immunodiffusion analysis and immunoelectrophoresis all supported this material being a prealbumin-related protein. Automated sequence analysis gave a mixture of amino acids at each step, suggesting an heterogeneous NH2-terminus. After cleavage of the protein with cyanogen bromide, a homogeneous peptide was obtained with the sequence Val-Val Val-Leu-Asp-Ala-Val-Arg-Gly-Thr-Pro- corresponding in 9 of the 11 positions analyzed with the known sequence of human prealbumin, starting with position 14. Antiserum raised to the amyloid protein reacted with normal human prealbumin. After absorption with normal human serum, this antiserum continued to detect a determinant in the amyloid patient's serum, suggesting an abnormal serum prealbumin, which may be the precursor of the fibril protein in this type of heredo-familial amyloidosis. Indirect immunohistochemical studies on kidney tissue from the patient with amyloidosis showed marked staining with anti prealbumin and anti-heredofamilial amyloid protein, but not with anti-AA or anti kappa antisera. No genetic association between this family and amyloidosis and Portuguese families with familial amyloid polyneuropathy is known. PMID- 6782124 TI - Quinine- and quinidine-dependent antiplatelet antibodies. Requirement of factor VIII-related antigen for platelet damage and for in vitro transformation of lymphocytes from patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - The requirement of Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) for platelet damage by quinine-and quinidine-dependent antibodies was studied in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of four patients with severe von Willebrand's disease (vWd) (Factor VIII deficiency). Platelet factor 3 availability, platelet aggregation, and release of [(14)C]serotonin from labeled vWd-PRP by drug-dependent antibodies were significantly reduced in comparison with PRP from normal controls. Addition of purified VIIIR:Ag restored levels of platelet damage to that of normal PRP. In vWd-PRP, platelet damage by two human antiplatelet sera, not dependent on drugs, and by a rabbit antiplatelet serum did not differ from that in normal PRP. PRP from patients deficient in Factor VIII coagulant activity, Factor IX, or Factors II, VII, IX, and X behaved like normal PRP. The role of VIIIR:Ag in forming antigen able to transform lymphocytes of patients who had recovered from drug induced thrombocytopenia was investigated by measuring incorporation of [methyl (3)H]thymidine into DNA. When lymphocytes were cultured for 7 d, significantly less transformation occurred in response to platelets and the drug in the presence of vWd sera than in normal sera or sera deficient only in Factor VIII coagulant activity or Factor IX. Addition of purified VIIIR:Ag to vWd sera restored transformation to that obtained in normal sera. Nonspecific lymphocyte transformation by pokeweed mitogen was not affected by VIIIR:Ag. Thus VIIIR:Ag is involved both in platelet damage by drug-dependent antibodies and in the interaction between platelet and drug which produces an antigen able to transform sensitized lymphocytes. PMID- 6782126 TI - Solid parenchymal lesions of the kidney. PMID- 6782127 TI - Pre- and postoperative hepatic transplant evaluation by ultrasound and computerized tomography. PMID- 6782128 TI - Sonography of polypoid gastric lesions by the fluid-filled stomach method. AB - The fluid-filled stomach allows visualization of the gastric wall on real-time ultrasonic examination. In four cases with small focal gastric wall lesions (two cases with hyperplastic polyps, one with pseudopolypoid lesions, and one with polypoid infiltration of the gastric mucosa by malignant lymphoma), typical ultrasonic pictures were demonstrated. The polypoid lesions were located on the anterior and posterior gastric walls and at the gastric fundus, respectively. All who use the gastric sonic window for imaging the pancreas or the left upper abdomen should be aware that focal gastric lesions are also observable. PMID- 6782129 TI - Involution of the postpartum uterus: an ultrasonic study. AB - The involution of the uterus was studied between 1 and 40 days postpartum utilizing serial ultrasonic scans. All pregnancies and postpartum periods were uncomplicated. The decrease in uterine size was related to a diminution in uterine length. No difference was observed between nullipara and primipara or breast- or bottle-feeding mothers. PMID- 6782130 TI - Echocardiographic analysis of systolic and diastolic left ventricular wall motion during transient myocardial ischemia. AB - Left ventricular (LV) wall motion (anterior and posterior) and simultaneous LV pressure were recorded during 30-second left anterior descending (LAD) or circumflex (CX) coronary artery occlusions in open-chest dogs to provide an echocardiographic model of the evolution of wall motion changes during myocardial ischemia. Prominent diastolic echocardiographic motion changes of progressive decrease in LV wall rapid-filling velocities (RFS), slow-filling velocities (SFS), and increased end-diastolic diameter were accompanied by a marked increase in initial and end-diastolic pressures (150% and 70%, respectively; all p less than 0.05). Early (within ten seconds) and progressive decrease in rat (SES), amplitude (E), and duration (TTR) of systolic motion were noted with an increased systolic diameter (p less than 0.05). Ischemic regions developed a characteristic pattern with early relaxation followed by a diastolic inward motion (DIM). These observations confirm and extend other investigators' findings on the motion of the ischemic myocardium and may be applicable to responses to transient myocardial ischemia noted in humans. PMID- 6782131 TI - Comparison of methods for determining crown-rump measurement by real-time ultrasound. AB - Determination of gestational age without an accurate last menstrual period is difficult. In the later stages of pregnancy, the correlation between fetal biparietal diameter (BPD), as determined by ultrasound, and gestational age is compromised by normal biologic variation in fetal growth rates. The fetal crown rump measurement (CRM) by gray-scale sonography has been described but has not been evaluated using real-time ultrasound. Currently available tables for determining gestational age from the fetal CRM were evaluated using a linear array real-time ultrasound system. A normal obstetric population with known menstrual histories, delivery dates, and Dubowitz scores at delivery was used for evaluation. On the basis of this study, Robinson's data listed as "regression analysis values" are suggested for application to real-time ultrasound. Alternatively, the equation generated from data on the above 86 patients could be used and further evaluated. The fetal CRM appears to be a valid and accurate assessment of gestational age. PMID- 6782132 TI - Estimation of gestational age during the first trimester by real-time measurement of fetal crown-rump length and biparietal diameter. AB - A series of 237 patients in the first trimester of pregnancy were examined to derive normal growth curves for fetal crown-rump length (CRL) and biparietal diameter (BPD) using sector scanner real-time ultrasound equipment. Conventional B-scan CRL measurements were obtained from 50 of these patients: In 41 (82%), the values fell within a range +/- 5 mm of those of real-time. Another group of 97 patients between 7 and 13 wk of gestation was then examined in a blind trial to confirm the accuracy of real-time measurements in estimating gestational age. An estimate was made in 95% of cases to within 4.6 days with CRL and to within 5 days with BPD. A similar comparison was made with both of these dimensions using a comparative nomogram, giving a prediction within 3.9 days in 95% of cases. This method is now used routinely. PMID- 6782133 TI - Distal common bile duct obstruction: an experimental study in monkeys. AB - Biliary obstruction was accomplished by surgically occluding the distal common bile duct in seven rhesus monkeys. Ultrasound scanning at 24-hour intervals showed that dilation of the common bile duct and gallbladder occurred before elevation of bilirubin or development of jaundice. The bile ducts expanded centrifugally from the obstructing point, with dilation of the intrahepatic ducts occurring several days after the onset of obstruction. After surgical release of the obstruction, the biliary ducts contracted centripetally, with the common bile duct requiring 30-50 days to return to normal size. PMID- 6782134 TI - Range ambiguities in real-time ultrasound. AB - The frequent occurrence of low-level artifactual echoes in normally echo-free areas of real-time images is shown to be due to a range-ambiguity effect caused by the fast frame rate of real-time equipment. The experimental data demonstrates the range-ambiguous echoes to be present in linear array and mechanical sector scanner real-time images. Several suggestions are made to reduce the effect of the artifact in real-time images. A set of real-time acceptance tests that utilize this artifact are proposed. PMID- 6782135 TI - Mitral valve A wave and mitral stenosis. AB - We examined M-mode echocardiograms on 35 patients with catheterization-proven mitral stenosis and normal sinus rhythm to determine whether the presence or absence of an A wave on the mitral echogram predicted mild versus severe mitral stenosis. Mitral valve area (MVA) was determined by the Gorlin formula. Presence of a mitral A wave was defined as 2 mm or greater anterior motion (after a well defined F point) of the anterior mitral leaflet. In six of 35 patients, the presence of an A wave was equivocal. Of the remaining 29 patients, 16 had no A wave and mean MVA = 1.18 cm2 +/- 0.45 (SD), and 13 patients had a definite A wave and mean MVA = 2.04 cm2 +/- 0.71. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.001) between the mean MVA for patients with and without definite A waves. No patients with a definite A wave had an MVA less than 1.2 cm2. An A wave on the mitral echogram (in sinus rhythm) excludes severe mitral stenosis; when an A wave is not seen, no definite statement concerning severity of mitral stenosis can be made. PMID- 6782136 TI - On limiting access to specialist's care. PMID- 6782137 TI - Survival of Sarcoptes scabiei. PMID- 6782138 TI - Consensus on removal of third molars. PMID- 6782139 TI - The imposing challenges of the 80s present great opportunity: an address to the CSDA House of Delegates May 6, 1980. PMID- 6782140 TI - A dental trip to China. PMID- 6782141 TI - Amalgam restorations: proper embrasure form. PMID- 6782142 TI - Treatment of an extensive odontogenic keratocyst by mandibular resection and immediate bone graft. PMID- 6782143 TI - Membrane activity in juvenile xanthogranuloma. AB - In a case of juvenile xanthogranuloma in an early stage, electron microscopic examination revealed membrane activity resulting in complex interdigitations with subsequent transformation into aggregated cytoplasmic vesicles. Similar membrane complexes were encountered in multinucleated giant cells and they may be a result of endocytosis of remnants of cell membranes of fused macrophages. Other findings were "virus-like inclusions" in histiocytes and giant cells, intracytoplasmic collagen in fibroblasts and "cross-banded filamentous aggregations". PMID- 6782144 TI - Removal of tattoos by CO2 laser. AB - The physics, technique of use, and results obtained in removal of tattoos by a CO2 laser are discussed and described. PMID- 6782145 TI - The hydroxyl radical is not involved with tyrosinase inactivation. PMID- 6782146 TI - A clinical trial of combined cromolyn/beclomethasone treatment for chronic asthma. AB - Some patients with chronic asthma treated with beclomethasone aerosol (BA) derive significant symptom benefit, yet have persisting adrenal suppression due in part to their BA therapy. The daily dose of BA required is higher in patients with atopy. We therefore assessed the usefulness of ancillary treatment with cromolyn sodium (CS), a drug known to inhibit atopic asthma, to try to improve the balance of risk vs benefit in such patients. Thirty asthmatics, well controlled on high dose BA (mean, 1,040 micrograms +/- 97 SE) but with morning cortisol levels averaging approximately 10 micrograms/dl, were allocated randomly to placebo or CS inhalant, used in addition to their regular BA and other asthma medications. After 4 wk, their BA dose was halved. Both groups were monitored for greater than 6 mo by daily symptom diaries and peak flows, and by spirograms and morning serum cortisol tests every 4 wk. Mean cortisol levels rose 27% after BA dose reduction (p less than 0.05) but asthma worsened. Risk-benefit assessments 20 wk after reducing the BA showed a general tendency for higher cortisol values to be coupled with worsening of the asthma symptoms and FEF25%-75%. The distributions of good, fair, and poor risk-benefit responses were the same in both CS and placebo-treated groups (p = 0.20). In other asthmatics who may have less associated bronchitis or small airways obstruction than these patients, CS might prove useful, but in these adult chronic asthmatics with this particular therapeutic problem, there was no discernible BA-sparing effect or other clinical advantage from adding CS to their established BA regimen. PMID- 6782147 TI - Evaluation of continuing education for long-term care personnel: impact upon attitudes and knowledge. AB - Nursing assistants (aides) and licensed practical nurses (LPNs) from three proprietary nursing homes participated in a continuing education program designed to enhance knowledge and attitudes about the elderly in long-term care. The program covered six weeks for the initial 115 aides and one full-day seminar for the 83 LPNs. The content covered knowledge and human anatomy, the physiology of normal aging, physical and psychosocial problems of the elderly and, for the nurses, problems associated with cardiovascular accidents. The final participants (29 aides and 52 LPNs) consisted of those who were tested before and after their training with respect to knowledge, life satisfaction, and attitudes toward the elderly. Results indicated overall favorable changes for both aides and LPNs, particularly in the areas of increased knowledge and more positive attitudes. The data suggest that continuing education is an effective means of influencing the knowledge and attitudes of personnel in long-term care facilities, and it should be a first step toward improving the quality of care for elderly residents. PMID- 6782148 TI - The "elephant man" of Cambridge. a case report of neurofibromatosis. AB - The case is presented of a 65-year-old man with neurofibromatosis manifesting facial and skeletal features resembling those of the "elephant man" described by Sir Frederick Treves. Autopsy revealed not only a pheochromocytoma (a common accompaniment of neurofibromatosis), but an enlarged infarcted spleen and a subphrenic abscess. These findings have not been described previously in a patient with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6782149 TI - A standardized approach to parenteral nutrition for the geriatric patient. AB - Parenteral nutrition can be a useful therapeutic and prophylactic tool in managing some geriatric patients who present with nutritional deficiencies that accompany acute and chronic diseases. An outline is given of recommended procedures, e.g., solutions, dosages, indications, and contraindications. The techniques described permit a standardized approach to parenteral nutrition for most patients. PMID- 6782150 TI - Effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in Anabaena. AB - The effect of acetone on the toxicity of atrazine towards photosynthesis in the blue-green algae Anabaena inaequalis, A. variabilis and A. cylindrica was investigated. The order of sensitivity to atrazine was A. inaequalis greater than A. variabilis greater than A. cylindrica. Acetone and atrazine interacted additively, antagonistically, and synergistically, depending upon the concentrations of acetone and atrazine used. The EC50 of atrazine towards photosynthesis was dependent upon the type of solvent-pesticide interaction. PMID- 6782152 TI - Effects of depot testosterone administration on serum levels of testosterone, FSH, LH and prolactin. AB - The effects of the administration of testosterone on plasma testosterone (T), estradiol (E), FSH, LH and prolactin (PRL) were tested in a group of men, aged over sixty. Blood samples were collected on the 2nd, 4th, 7th and 15th day afterr the administration of testosterone propionate (TP) (n = 28 men) and testosterone propionate with testosterone enantate (TP + TE) (n = 21 men). After the administration of TP + TE plasma T increased on days 2-4, returned to the normal basal level on the 7th day, and rose again on the 15th day. With the TP preparation the levels of testosterone remained elevated during the first seven days and returned to the basal values by the 15th day. The FSH and LH were suppressed during the first seven days after the injection of both TP and TP + TE preparations. On the 15th day gonadotropins were suppressed only by the administration of TP. The plasma concentration of E behaved like that of T. We found a significant increase in the PRL levels on the 4th day after treatment with 100 mg of the two preparations. Moreover, we found that PRL basal values were significantly higher in those subjects whose T basal values were low. PMID- 6782151 TI - Twenty-four hour variations of triiodothyronine (T3) levels in patients who had thyroid ablation for thyroid cancer, receiving T3 as suppressive treatment. AB - Measurements of serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were made in 46 patients who had thyroid ablation for thyroid cancer and who were receiving T3 three times a day as suppressive treatment. In all patients thyrotropin (TSH) suppression was confirmed by the inhibition of TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). The suppressive dose of T3 varied from 40 to 100 micrograms/day (mean +/- SD 72.39 +/- 13.07 micrograms/day). Related to body weight the dose varied from 0.95 to 1.35 micrograms/kg/day (mean +/- SD 1.13 +/- 0.13 micrograms/kg/day). In ten hospitalized patients serum T3 levels were measured at hourly intervals from 08:00 to 23:00. Before the first dose of T3, serum T3 levels were 153 +/- 43 mg/100 ml; after T3 the levels increased promptly reaching after 4 h a peak of 264 +/- 90 ng/100 ml. Afterwards T3 levels showed a similar peak after each dose: 262 +/- 77 and 266 +/- 78 ng/100 ml, slightly decreasing in the intervals between the doses: 227 +/- 63 and 255 +/- 69 ng/100 ml. After the last peak T3 levels showed a slow decline during the night. TSH response to TRH was completely inhibited both at 08:00 and at 16:00. In 36 outpatients T3 levels were measured twice a day and T3 levels were found similar to the ones of the first group. In these patients also TSH response to TRH evaluated at 08:00 was completely inhibited. No important side effect was noted in both groups of patients. PMID- 6782153 TI - Effectiveness of the dopamine agonist lisuride in the treatment of acromegaly and pathological hyperprolactinemic states. AB - We have studied the effects of the chronic administration of the dopamine agonist lisuride (L) in 21 acromegalics (group 1) and in 25 patients with pathological hyperprolactinemia (group 2). Before starting the treatment levels of PRL and/or GH were determined during acute tests with L (0.3 mg po) or TRH (0.2 mg iv). L was given in doses ranging between 0.4 and 2.4 mg/day. GH and/or PRL were determined at monthly intervals, TRH (6 patients of group 1 and 10 of group 2) was repeated during L therapy. In 10 patients of group 1 GH levels were reduced below 10 ng/ml by L therapy; in the remaining patients GH levels were reduced by 50% of the pretreatment values or they were unchanged. The correlation (p less than 0.01) found between GH levels during acute and chronic L administration indicates that GH changes after acute test are predictive of the outcome of the treatment. In all patients PRL was reduced during the therapy to at least 50% of the basal values and in most patients PRL fell to the normal range. No correlation was found between PRL levels during acute and chronic L administration. During the therapy TRH still increased GH levels in most patients whereas it failed to raise PRL. The withdrawal of L was followed by a rapid return of GH to the pretreatment values whereas PRL showed a slower increase. In acromegalics whose GH was lowered by L there was also a marked amelioration of clinical and metabolic parameters. The lowering of PRL was accompanied by the resumption of ovulatory menses even in patients with tumoral hyperprolactinemia. Males reported improvement in sexual performance. An improvement of visual field occurred in 1 patient. In 1 patient with a large prolactinoma serial computerized tomography scans performed during 2 yr of treatment showed a marked reduction of the tumor size. PMID- 6782155 TI - Rapid unidirectional change of hybrid dysgenesis potential in Drosophila. AB - Two main types of Drosophila melanogaster strains have been previously described in relation to hybrid gonadal sterility: P (paternally derived) and M (maternally derived). When M strain females are mated with P strain males, cytoplasm chromosome interactions result in variable frequencies of sterility in their hybrid progeny. A third neutral strain type, Q, generally has no significant potential for sterility in any hybrid strain combination. Mixed populations of these three types of strains were set up in various combinations and initial frequencies. They were subsequently maintained without artificial selection and monitored for their gonadal sterility and potential. All 24 mixed cultures initiated with P and M parents independently evolved rapidly towards a state of at least moderate P activity, which was maintained in succeeding generations. The M cytotype was not maintained after 10-20 generations except at very low frequencies. Changes in sterility potential were less clear cut in those mixed populations that originally included neutral strain flies, but there was a tendency for the frequencies of sterility of the majority of PQ and QM mixed cultures to change in the same direction as for the P and M combinations. The results are discussed in terms of conventional mechanisms of segregation and selection and in terms of an alternative hypothesis of chromosome contamination in which sterility factors may be transposed from P to M chromosomes, resulting in extremely rapid unidirectional population changes. Possible implications of these results for general models of the evolution of hybrid dysgenesis are explored. PMID- 6782156 TI - Zinc and copper in human nutrition. PMID- 6782154 TI - Diminished prolactin reserve with myotonic dystrophy. AB - Isolated deficiency of prolactin secretion is an uncommon condition of unknown clinical significance. A unique case of prolactin deficiency in association with myotonic dystrophy is described. It is unlikely that absence of prolactin is responsible for the clinical features associated with myotonic dystrophy, since two other patients with myotonic dystrophy did not have prolactin deficiency. PMID- 6782157 TI - The CBA/N defect defines two classes of T cell-dependent antigens. PMID- 6782158 TI - Malignant cell arrest in thymus and spleen of mice bearing transplanted tumors. AB - The relationship between the local outgrowth of different subcutaneous transplantable tumors (plasmacytoma MOPC-315, mastocytoma P-815; Lewis lung carcinoma-3LL; fibrosarcoma; lymphomas and mammary adenocarcinoma) and tumor cell spread in different organs was evaluated. The presence of tumor cells in thymus, spleen, lung, and liver was demonstrated by using both in vivo and in vitro methods. Sequestration of tumor cells derived from the transplanted solid tumor was indicated within 3 to 7 days after tumor graft, shortly before or after early palpable outgrowth of the primary tumor was observed. Tumor cells present in thymus and spleen might affect immune responses of tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6782159 TI - The role of monocytes in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human B cell activation: separate requirements for intact monocytes and a soluble monocyte factor. AB - Mononuclear phagocytes (M phi) play an essential role in mitogen-induced proliferation and generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The nature of this accessory function was examined using the pokeweed mitogen (PWM) model of lymphocyte activation. M phi-depleted human peripheral blood lymphocytes are unresponsive to PWM. Fresh, intact M phi, but not heat-killed M phi, reconstitute the capacity of these cells both to proliferate and generate ISC in response to PWM. In the presence of intact M phi, soluble M phi factors augment PWM-induced generation of ISC but do not enhance 3H thymidine incorporation. In the absence of intact M phi, the M phi supernatants are unable to support either response. Secretion of active M phi supernatants was completed within the first 24 to 48 hr of incubation, with little additional factor secreted thereafter. Aged M phi, which no longer secreted active factors, fully reconstituted the proliferative response of M phi-depleted lymphocytes; however, they were unable to support PWM-triggered differentiation of B cells into ISC. The addition of active M phi supernatants to the aged M phi restored their capacity to support PWM-triggered generation of ISC. Highly purified Interleukin 1 was also able to enhance the accessory cell function of both fresh and aged M phi in a similar manner. These results suggest that IL-1 is the M phi factor required for the differentiation of human B cells into ISC. Moreover, the data indicate that in the human, M phi accessory cell function involves 2 separate modalities. Both intact M phi and a factor released by fresh M phi (Interleukin 1) are required to support differentiation of B cells into ISC, while only intact M phi are necessary for PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6782160 TI - Structural analysis of the mu-chains synthesized by fetal liver hybridomas. PMID- 6782161 TI - The complement system of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). I. Identification of the serum lytic system homologous to mammalian complement. PMID- 6782162 TI - The role of subcellular factors in pulmonary immune function: physicochemical characterization of two distinct species of lymphocyte-activating factor produced by rabbit alveolar macrophages. AB - T cell stimulatory factors produced by rabbit alveolar macrophages were investigated. Physicochemical characterization revealed that alveolar macrophages (harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage and stimulated in tissue culture with bacterial lipopolysaccharide) released 2 predominant species of lymphocyte activating factor (LAF) with isoelectric points of 4.6 and 7.4, and m.w. of 14,400 and 11,600 daltons, respectively, as calculated by the Svedberg equation. Using C3H/HeJ mouse thymocytes (and in some instances nylon wool-purified nonadherent rabbit spleen or lymph node cells) as target cells, rabbit LAF was found to induce proliferative responses directly, as well as enhance proliferative responses to phytomitogens. Both LAF species were inactivated by heating, treatment with trypsin, or at low (2.3) pH. The pI 7.4 LAF was also unstable at high pH (9.0). The thymocyte stimulatory activity of both LAF species was not inhibited by the anti-proteases alpha-1-anti-trypsin, Traysylol (aprotinin), leupeptin, or pepstatin. PMID- 6782163 TI - A simple method of raising antiserum to the third fraction of mouse serum complement. AB - A simple method of raising antiserum to the third fraction of mouse serum complement (C3) is described. C3 was precipitated with activated zymosan and was injected with complete Freund's adjuvant subcutaneously into rabbits. The antiserum raised is monospecific and found suitable for quantitation of C3 concentration in mouse serum by single radial diffusion method. PMID- 6782164 TI - Multivalent hybrid antibody with double specificity as a tool for locating cell surface antigens by electron microscopy. AB - Multivalent hybrid antibody complexes with dual specificity were prepared by combining rabbit antibody with anti-mouse immunoglobulin (mIg) and anti peroxidase (HRP) specificity using protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of two antibody molecules with anti-mIg and anti-HRP specificity in a single molecule of hybrid complex was demonstrated by their abilities to produce hemagglutination with both HRP-coated and mIg-coated sheep red cells, to give a reaction of complete identity with mIg and HRP and to allow mIg bearing lymphocytes to form rosettes with HRP-coated sheep red blood cells. Electron microscopy of mouse lymphocytes and thymocytes (previously coated with mIg anti Thy-1 antibody) treated with hybrid antibody complex and HRP showed strong and specific staining of the cell membrane of both cell types. The hybrid antibody complex containing anti-HRP antibody is a valuable reagent for determining various antigenic markers on cell membranes by electron microscopy. PMID- 6782165 TI - A rapid quantitative staphylococcal co-agglutination assay. Utilization for the assay of bovine factor VIII-related antigen. AB - A simple and rapid technique to measure bovine factor VIII-related antigen has been developed which utilizes protein A-bearing staphylococci and monospecific rabbit antiserum to bovine factor VIII. Staphylococci coated with a specific antibody agglutinate when they are mixed with the specific antigen. We have used an aggregometer to detect an quantitate the agglutination of the antibody-coated staphylococci. The assay has been optimized with respect to amount of antiserum needed for coating staphylococci, concentration of antibody-coated staphylococci, pH and ionic strength of the assay system, and stirring speed of the aggregometer. The staphylococcal co-agglutination assay as monitored by an aggregometer is at least 10 times more sensitive than the conventional slide agglutination method, and can detect as little as 0.1 microgram/ml of factor VIII antigen. It however, cannot be used to quantitate factor VIII-related antigen in plasma, since plasma contains some components which can non-specifically agglutinate staphylococci. PMID- 6782167 TI - Mucopolysaccharide storage disorders. PMID- 6782166 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors as immunoadjuvants in the treatment of cancer. PMID- 6782168 TI - [Calyceal diverticula : review of 80 diverticula in 70 patients (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review 70 patients with calyceal diverticula, 20 of these patients had an associated urological congenital malformation and 7 of them a lithiasis. The majority of these diverticula were discovered by chance but complications in the form of pain (26 cases), fever (11 cases) or macroscopic haematuria were the essential presenting symptoms. Clinical manifestations occur in relation to large diverticula and, in particular, those containing calculi. Patients with lithiasis are far more often infected than the others. The latent nature of diverticula is such that the onset of clinical symptoms and signs (lumbar pain, fever and pyuria) should lead to a search for an associated malformation, in particular vesico-ureteric reflux and direct cystography is essential. The virtually sole complication of a calyceal diverticulum is lithiasis. 43 of the 90 diverticula studied contained one or more calculi. Infectious complications may result from those diverticula containing stones and are rare in the absence of lithiasis. Only 18 patients underwent surgery (20 diverticula) : 9 by partial nephrectomy (polar in 9 cases and cuneiform in 2), 6 simple incisions of the diverticulum and 2 excisions of the diverticulum. In view of the rarity of complications, it is evident that only poorly tolerated diverticula require operation. In the view of the authors, two essential surgical techniques should be used : polar nephrectomy and resertion of the diverticular protrusion with closure of the neck. Finally, in the presence of associated vesico-ureteric reflux, it is the symptoms and signs of the latter which must influence the choice of treatment. When necessary, it would appear preferable to start by the correction of reflux. PMID- 6782169 TI - [Clinicobacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina: (1) Variations of vaginal microbial flora according to the menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782170 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study on Pseudomonas cepacia infection. II. Meningitis due to Pseudomonas cepacia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782171 TI - [Present status of male patients with gonococcal urethritis at Airin Area in Osaka (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782172 TI - [Comparison of clinical efficacy of fosfomycin (FOM) and kanamycin (KM) in bacillary dysentery by double blind method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782173 TI - [A case of T-polyagglutination accompanied with meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782174 TI - [A case report on generalized infection of atypical mycobacteria (group IV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782175 TI - [Studies of application of indirect fluorescent antibody technique for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. 1. Basal experiments with immune rabbit sera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782176 TI - [Studies of application of indirect fluorescent antibody technique for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis. 2. Experimental studies on sera from patients and stray dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782177 TI - [Studies on lymphocytes associated with pertussis infection and vaccination. Analysis of lymphocyte subpopulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782178 TI - [Bacteremia due to Flavobacterium meningosepticum. Clinical and bacteriological aspects of patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782179 TI - [A case of pulmonary nocardiosis treated only by sulfamethoxazole (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782180 TI - [Serratia marcescens septicemia complicating acute leukemia.--Report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782181 TI - Management of angina: the medical approach. PMID- 6782182 TI - Intractable seizures: review and guide for clinical usage of valproic acid. PMID- 6782183 TI - Immunological characterization of plasminogen activator activities in human tissues and body fluids. AB - Human plasminogen activators were compared immunologically in both a double diffusion technique and quenching experiments on the fibrinolytic activities of the activators. Antisera against HMW and LMW urokinase and an antiserum against highly purified tissue plasminogen activator from human uterus were used. It was found that uterine tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are two immunologically distinct plasminogen activators. The occurrence of the two kinds of plasminogen activators in human tissues and body fluids was studied on the basis of the quenching of the activities by antibodies. In tissue extracts, mainly tissue plasminogen activator was found. Seminal plasma exhibited a high plasminogen activator activity, consisting of both urokinase and tissue plasminogen activator-related activators. Urine contained a small amount of tissue plasminogen activator-related activator in addition to urokinase. The low plasminogen activator activities of saliva and tears were completely attributed to activators related to tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 6782184 TI - Binding of factor VIII-von Willebrand factor to human arterial subendothelium precedes increased platelet adhesion and enhances platelet spreading. AB - Time-dependent studies of platelet adhesion and binding of F VIII-VWF to human arterial subendothelium were carried out in vitro, using 51Cr-labeled platelets and 125I-labeled F VIII-VWF. Rapid binding of F VIII-VWF was found, resulting in a constant surface concentration after 1 to 2 min of perfusion. The number of platelets adhering in the first minute is similar in the absence of F VIII-VWF, but the platelet coverage is about twofold higher perfusions of 2 to 5 min in the presence of F VIII-VWF. Thus binding of F VIII-VWF precedes the increase in platelet adhesion, in line with our previous studies on the role of subendothelium-bound F VIII-VWF. By morphological evaluation it was found that the number of contact platelets (nonspread platelets) is lower in the presence of F VIII-VWF. The ratio of contact platelets to spread decreases in time, however, at a higher rate when F VIII-VWF is present. This indicates that F VIII-VWF enhances platelet spreading arterial subendothelium and consequently that the spreading is impaired in VWD. The enhancement may be caused directly by F VIII VWF or indirectly as the result of a better attachment of contact platelets. PMID- 6782185 TI - Kinetic analysis of biphasic protein modification reactions. AB - A mathematical analysis of biphasic protein modification reactions is presented, and it is shown that, in addition to the protein species modification reactions, one more time-dependent step must be postulated to exist in the reaction process. This step involves the interconversion of the different protein species, such as binding of ligand with protein, or the change in the isomerization state of the protein. The kinetic description of the reaction process is effected through a second order homogeneous linear differential equation, with time as the independent variable, and unmodified protein concentration as the dependent variable. A simple procedure of graphical analysis of the experimental data is described, and it is shown that, by a process of elimination, the nature of the protein species interconversion time-dependent step may be recognized, and also the dependence of the protein species inactivation rate constants on various parameters in the preparation may be evaluated. The method is illustrated by the detailed analysis of one example from the literature, the inactivation of phosphorylase b by 5,5-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid). PMID- 6782186 TI - [The effect of insulin on the metabolism of isolated rat glomeruli (author's transl)]. AB - Glomeruli isolated from the kidneys of metabolically normal and diabetic rats were investigated morphologically and metabolically. Glomeruli from chronically diabetic animals showed significantly increased contents of DNA and protein, and an altered DNA/protein ratio. These changes were prevented by insulin treatment in vivo of diabetic rats. Insulin had no effect on glucose degradation by the glomeruli of normal or diabetic rats. Protein synthesis is unchanged in the glomeruli from acutely diabetic rats, but shows a significant increase in those from chronically diabetic animals. In the glomeruli of normal animals, both protein synthesis and RNA synthesis are increased in vitro by insulin, but this effect is absent from the glomeruli of diabetic rats. Under in vitro conditions there is a resistance to insulin. Changes in protein and RNA synthesis can be prevented by insulin only when it is administered in vivo. In addition, the incorporation of lysine and uridine in the glomeruli of normal animals was dependent on the glucose concentration. It is concluded from these results that insulin deficiency and increased blood sugar level are accompanied by characteristic changes in the metabolism of protein and RNA, which are related to morphologically and biochemically detectable structural changes. PMID- 6782187 TI - Electroimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay for the quantitation of high density apolipoproteins A-I and A-II. AB - An electroimmunodiffusion assay (EID) for the quantitative determination of the major apolipoproteins of the human high density lipoprotein fraction, apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, was compared with a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA), previously described by us. Data obtained by both methods largely depended on the pretreatment of the sera. Pretreatment consisted either of delipidation with an ether/ethanol mixture or tetramethyl urea, or of denaturation by heating the sera to 52 degree C for 3 hours. Delipidation with ether/ethanol produced a decrease of apolipoprotein A-I values in both methods as compared to treatment with tetramethyl urea. In contrast, the ether/ethanol treatment did not alter apolipoprotein A-II values in the RIA, while in the EID this procedure led to an increase of apolipoprotein A-II values. Heating gave an increase of both apolipoproteins A-I and A-II in both assays, but results obtained by EID were difficult to interpret because of the appearance of indistinct or double rockets. Comparable results by both methods were obtained, when sera were pretreated with tetramethyl urea. Handling and reproducibility seemed to be slightly better with the EID than with the RIA. PMID- 6782188 TI - The determination of carbonic anhydrase-2 phenotypes in dried bloodstains by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. AB - A new, simple, and rapid method for phenotyping carbonic anhydrase-2 (CA2) on bloodstains 15 weeks old was performed. Separation of the CA2 isozymes was accomplished by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The staining substrate was fluorescein diacetate. PMID- 6782189 TI - Phenotyping of carbonic anhydrase II in fresh blood and bloodstains on cellulose acetate membrane. AB - A simple and rapid procedure is presented for the identification of carbonic anhydrase II in fresh blood and bloodstains using cellulose acetate membranes. Identification of the phenotypes is simplified by the migration of the isozyme bands to one side and away from the origin. PMID- 6782190 TI - Fluorometric determination of tetracyclines in small blood and tissue samples. AB - A reported fluorometric method to determine tetracycline in biological material was modified to determine low levels of the antibiotics when using only small amounts of starting material. The method is applicable to tissue distribution studies in small experimental animals and also can be used for serial determinations in blood samples of these animals and for biopsy material. The tetracyclines are extracted in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and the phosphate precipitation steps are omitted. This omission makes the procedures considerably less time consuming. The recoveries of the tetracyclines, oxytetracycline and doxycycline, are approximately 80-100%. The values obtained by this method were consistent with those from microbiological assays, and its reliability was shown further in a comparison with the fate of radioactive tetracycline. PMID- 6782191 TI - The management of chronic behavior disorders in mentally retarded adults with lithium carbonate. AB - The authors review the medical literature and present two case histories regarding the efficacy of lithium carbonate in the treatment of chronic behavior disorders in mentally retarded adults. They conclude that the available data lend tentative support for the use of lithium to manage behavior disorders in retarded individuals which are characterized by lifelong hyperactivity, aggressiveness, and/or self-mutilation. They recommend that, when lithium is used for this indication, a blood level of approximately 1.0 mEq/1 is necessary, and that all patients be given a drug-free trial once a therapeutic effect has been achieved in order to assess the continued need for treatment. Etiological issues, a possible mechanism of action involving lithium's effect on CNS serotonergic activity, and areas for future research are discussed. PMID- 6782192 TI - Biochemistry and ultrastructure of serotonergic nerve endings in the lobster: serotonin and octopamine are contained in different nerve endings. AB - In this article we report that the distribution of serotonin in the lobster nervous system parallels the distribution of octopamine and that the same tissues that contain endogenous serotonin can synthesize it from tryptophan. Octopamine and serotonin are highly concentrated in a neurosecretory region of the second thoracic roots in association with a group of neurosecretory cells. The roots possess separate high-affinity uptake systems for both serotonin and tryptophan. Radioactive serotonin, accumulated in tissues during incubations with either tritiated serotonin or tritiated tryptophan, can be released, in a calcium dependent manner, by depolarization with potassium. A detailed morphological examination of the second thoracic roots shows four distinct categories of nerve endings in the vicinity of the neurosecretory cells. Octopamine is synthesized in one of these types of endings and serotonin in another. The high-affinity uptake systems for serotonin and tryptophan are found only in association with the endings that make serotonin. These endings and all the biochemical parameters of serotonin metabolism in the roots are selectively destroyed by previous injection of animals with the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6782193 TI - Studies on gamma-aminobutyric acid transport in cobalt experimental epilepsy in the rat. AB - Crude brain homogenates and cerebral tissue slices from rats with cobalt metal implanted in right and left cerebral cortices were used to examine high- and low affinity GABA transport. High-affinity GABA transport was maximally reduced to 34% of controls 7 days after cobalt implantation, a time that coincides with peak seizure activity in this model. Kinetic analysis of high-affinity GABA transport, using brain homogenates, revealed a significant change in Vmax 7 days after cobalt implantation. (Vmax = 446.4 +/- 26.2 pmol/mg prot./min, cobalt, versus 787.8 +/- 67.3, control). An analysis of the low-affinity system revealed no depression of Km or Vmax parameters. Administration of valproic acid at a concentration as high as 1 mM in vitro or a dose of 300 mg/kg in vivo had no effect on high- or low-affinity GABA transport. The results obtained from cobalt treated rats provide additional evidence for an involvement of GABA in experimental epilepsy. PMID- 6782194 TI - Developmental patterns of galactosyltransferase activity in various regions of rat brain. AB - The developmental pattern of glycoprotein-galactosyltransferase activity was determined in the microsomal fractions of three regions of the embryonic rat brain and in parts of the visual system and the cerebellum postnatally. It could be shown that the enzyme activity was highest in the embryonic brain, where regional differences were apparent, and decreased progressively after birth. The enzyme profile in the cerebellum showed no marked postnatal changes. PMID- 6782195 TI - Highly sensitive immunoassays for three forms of rat brain enolase. AB - Highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay systems for three forms (alpha alpha, alpha gamma, and gamma gamma) of rat brain enolase were prepared by use of specific antisera to two distinct subunits (alpha and gamma) of the isozymes and beta-D galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. Less than fmol-levels of the homologous dimer forms (alpha alpha and gamma gamma) could be determined with the corresponding antibody F(ab')2-bound solid-phase and the antibody Fab'-beta-D galactosidase complex. The hybrid form (alpha gamma) could also be assayed specifically by use of the antibody to one subunit as solid-phase, and the antibody to another subunit as labelled complex with a minimum detectable sensitivity of 1 fmol. PMID- 6782196 TI - The influence of divalent cations and substrate concentration on the incorporation of myo-inositol into phospholipids of isolated bovine oligodendrocytes. AB - The incorporation of myo-inositol into phosphatidylinositol by two routes (CTP independent and CTP-independent) has been investigated in homogenates prepared from isolated bovine oligodendrocyte perikarya. The CTP-dependent route has the higher maximum velocity of inositol incorporation and can utilise either Mn2+ or Mg2+ as a divalent ion cofactor. This route of inositol incorporation is also strongly inhibited by Ca2+ ions at concentrations less than 1 mM. The primary site of the inhibitory action appears to be the enzyme CDP-diglyceride inositol phosphatidyl transferase (EC 2.7.8.11) though synthesis of CDP-diacylglycerol is also inhibited by endogenous Ca2+ present in the oligodendrocyte homogenate. In contrast, CTP-independent inositol incorporation into phosphatidylinositol is only stimulated by Mn2+ (Zn2+,Cu2+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and Co2+ are ineffective) and is not inhibited by Ca2+, at least up to a concentration of 1 mM. PMID- 6782197 TI - Symptomatic cyst of choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle. PMID- 6782198 TI - Mitochondrial myopathy and lactic acidaemia with myoclonic epilepsy, ataxia and hypothalamic infertility: a variant of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome? AB - A case of mitochondrial myopathy and lactic acidaemia with myoclonic epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia and high-tone hearing loss is presented. There was no ptosis or ophthalmoplegia. Endocrine investigations showed a defect in hypothalamic function which was a likely cause of infertility. The case is compared with previously reported examples of mitochondrial myopathy with myoclonic epilepsy, and contrasted with the Kearns-Sayre syndrome. It is concluded that mitochondrial myopathy, myoclonic epilepsy and ataxia may be distinguishing features of a specific familial disease, which on presentation may mimic the Ramsay-Hung syndrome. PMID- 6782199 TI - Anatomy of the giant fibre pathway in Drosophila. I. Three thoracic components of the pathway. AB - Activity in the flight muscles and jump muscles in Drosophila can be stimulated by excitation of a pair of giant fibres that enter the thoracic ganglion from the brain. Contrary to previous descriptions, these giant fibres are not themselves motor axons. Each giant fibre contacts both a large motor axon and an interneuron. The motor axon innervates the ipsilateral tergotrochanteral (jump) muscle. The interneuron synapses in turn with the motor neurons that innervate the contralateral dorsal longitudinal flight muscle. The output synapses of this interneuron occur directly onto the motor axons within a peripheral nerve. The unusual peripheral location for these interneuron synapses suggests that the interneuron may function to speed up activation of the motor axons by bypassing integration within the motor neurons' dendritic trees. The synapses are typical dipteran chemical synapses, with occasional reciprocal contacts from the motor axons back onto the interneuron. The interneuron-motor axon synapses may be especially useful for morphological studies of identified synaptic contacts because their peripheral location makes them extremely easy to locate and identify. PMID- 6782201 TI - Development of five-hour radiometric serum antibacterial assay for gram-positive cocci. AB - A preliminary report on a 5-hr radiometric serum antibacterial assay (ABA) for Gram-positive cocci is presented. The method agreed within +/- one twofold dilution with static ABA endpoints in 24/26 (92%) of the assays and with cidal ABA endpoints in 23/26 (88%) of the assays performed. PMID- 6782200 TI - Simultaneous determination of free thyroxine and capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin. AB - A simple method is described for the simultaneous determination of capacity thyroxine-binding of globulin (TBG) and free thyroxine concentration (FT4). The ratio of bound to free T4 (B/F) is first determined for two total-T4 concentrations using a Sephadex G-25 competitive-binding technique. TBG capacity and FT4 can both the calculated assuming a known value of affinity constant of TBG. The method is linear over a twenty-fold serum dilution. FT4 calculated is identical to that calculated using the method of Irvine. TBG capacity is shown to be linearly correlated to TBG concentration as determined by radioimmunoassay and is consistent with a molecular weight of 69,000 Daltons and one T4 binding site per molecule. FT4 is found to correlate with the free thyroxine index in a complicated way, depending on the degree of TBG saturation. PMID- 6782202 TI - Platelet labeling with in-111 oxine: benefit of prostacyclin (PgI2)--addition for preparation and injection. PMID- 6782203 TI - Amino acid requirements of growing mice: arginine, lysine, tryptophan and phenylalanine. AB - Linear programmed diets designed to maximize the use of proteins and to minimize the use of free (1-) amino acids, and containing five dietary levels of each amino acid under test, were fed to weanling crossbred Carworth Farms No. 1 x Swiss mice in 14-day growth trials. Arginine dietary levels were 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.7%; lysine: 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 1.0%; tryptophan: 0.03, 0.07, 0.10, 0.13 and 0.17%; and phenylalanine: 0.10, 0.25, 0.40, 0.55 and 0.89%. Growth, feed consumption and regression-adjusted growth rates indicated the following minimum requirements: arginine less than 0.1% and probably zero, lysine 0.4%, tryptophan 0.1% and phenylalanine 0.4%. The AIN '76 reference diet was included in each amino acid test and resulted in superior growth and feed utilization. It was postulated that the greater content of free amino acids in our diets may have affected the efficiency of feed utilization adversely. PMID- 6782204 TI - Chelatable lead body burden (by calcium-disodium EDTA) and blood lead concentration in man. AB - The cheletable part of lead body burden was measured in 32 workers and seven office workers after an infusion test with CaNa2EDTA. The workers had been exposed to lead at a lead and zinc processing unit for one to three years (mean one year). There was good correlation (r = 0.87) between blood lead and chelatable urinary lead excretion described by the equation y = 0.07 . 10(0.46.x). From this equation it can be predicted that the generally accepted limit value for chelatable urinary lead excretion, 0.42 mumol/mmol CaNa2EDTA administered per 24 hours (3.1 mumol/24 hours or 650 micrograms/24 hours), corresponds to a blood lead concentration (PbB) of 1.7 mumol/l (or 35 micrograms/100 ml), which is lower than the commonly accepted limit value of 2.9 mumol/l (or 60 micrograms/100 ml) for occupationally lead-exposed persons. There was a better correlation between the cheletable lead excretion and the urinary ALA-excretion (r = 0.45; p less than 0.001) than between PbB and the urinary ALA excretion (r = 0.26; p greater than 0.05). PMID- 6782205 TI - Multidisciplinary pain treatment center. PMID- 6782206 TI - Increased numbers of mast cells in the hyperplastic buccal mucosa of the zinc deficient rat. AB - Six weanling male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 0.4 ppm Zn and seven were fed an identical diet except for 40 ppm Zn. After 4 weeks, specimens of buccal mucosa in the region facing the molar teeth were removed. Paraffin sections, cut at 6 micron, were stained with toluidine blue, and tracings made of five sections per animal, spaced no less than 60 micron apart. Counts of mast cells of five sections length of section were made in a superficial zone of the lamina propria of 50 micron width and a deeper zone of 250 micron width. The average number of mast cells, per mm in the subepithelial zone of the experimental animals was 15.4, the range 9.2-33.1. The control average was 4.0; the range was 2.9-5.3. No increase was found in the deeper zone. The epithelium was parakeratotic and its thickness was increased two-fold. In the peripheral portion of the section, cellular and keratin layers were evenly increased in thickness, but in the central portion a disproportionate, nearly four-fold increase occurred in the keratin layer and a lesser increase in the cellular layer. PMID- 6782207 TI - Fibronectin. AB - The current knowledge of the structure, expression and functions and fibronectin is reviewed. Fibronectin is a high molecular glycoprotein present in the blood, connective tissue and at cell surface. It is synthesized by many types of differentiated cells and is believed to be involved in the attachment of cells to the surrounding extracellular matrix. Fibronectin has affinity to the other main components of extracellular matrix, collagen and glycosaminoglycans. It also interacts with cell surfaces as shown by the fact that fibronectin-collagen complexes, or fibronectin alone when insolubilized on a surface such as plastic, enhances the attachment of various types of cells to such surfaces. It seems that fibronectin, through its binding to collagen and to the cell surface, forms a bridge between the cell and its surrounding matrix. Circulating fibronectin may participate in the formation of extracellular matrix in tissues. It may also function as a nonspecific opsonin design to facilitate the uptake of tissue debris by phagocytic cells. Studies aimed at elucidating the significance of fibronectin in physiological phenomena and in disease have only just begun. The abundance of fibronectin in basement membrane structures and the development changes observed in its expression lead one to believe that the attachment (or lack of it) of cells to fibronectin plays a significant role in morphogenetic events or in normal development. Malignantly transformed cells tend to lack cell associated fibronectin. The significance of the lack of surface fibronectin in transformed cells is a matter of some controversy, but it fibronectin is indeed the main mechanism that anchors cells to the extracellular matrix, disturbances of this mechanism could play an important role in malignancy and many other diseases. PMID- 6782208 TI - The intact surface layer in natural enamel caries and acid-dissolved hydroxyapatite pellets. An X-ray diffraction study. AB - The crystallographic features of various histological sites found in enamel carious lesions were studied by means of X-ray microbeam diffraction. The most interesting finding was the crystallinity of apatite crystals in the intact surface layer covering the demineralized lesions was higher than that of the crystals in the subsurface lesions or unaffected areas. Acid-dissolution experiments using synthetic hydroxyapatite pellets showed that a well mineralized layer was produced on the pellet surface under the condition that no Ca and PO4 ions were added to the initial acidic solution. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that half-line breadth values of 004, 222, and 310 reflections of apatite pellets decreased, and their integrated peak intensities increased with dissolution time. These findings are in agreement with the results obtained in the study of enamel carious lesions, leading to the conclusion that the intact surface layer is formed by deposition of the mineral ions from dissolving subsurface lesions, and that this process is accompanied by the improvement in crystallinity of apatite crystals, possibly due to growth of the crystals. PMID- 6782209 TI - Permeability of gingival sulcular epithelium in the development of scorbutic gingivitis. AB - Young adult nonhuman primates were initially fed an ascorbic-acid free diet and, subsequently, a diet with a suboptimal level of the vitamin. Following approximately 12 weeks of this dietary regime, five of seven experimental animals of the gingival sulcular epithelium to 3H-inulin, but not to 14C-butyric acid or 14C-urea, had increased significantly (+86%, P less than 0.01) in the experimental group as compared to ad libitum or pair-fed controls. This defect in the intercellular permeability barrier of the sulcular epithelium could have contributed to the pathogenesis of scorbutic gingivitis. PMID- 6782210 TI - Correlation of changes in capillary supply and epithelial in the hyperplastic buccal mucosa of zinc-deficient rats. AB - Lengths of capillaries and epithelial dimensions were measured on tracings of sections of buccal mucosa stained for the alkaline phosphatase from rats on a zinc-deficient diet. The diet-deficient animals showed the following increases over controls; length of capillaries X 2.67; thickness of cell layer, X1.47; thickness of keratin layer. X2.82; basal layer length: surface length ratio, X1.41. Lengthening of the basal layer and the capillaries showed high positive correlations with thickening of the basal layer cell layer. Lengthening of the capillaries exceeded the lengthening of the basal layer cell layer amd the thickening of the epithelium but fell short of the increased anabolic performance of the epithelium as quantitated in previous investigations. PMID- 6782211 TI - The Cohen syndrome: clinical and endocrinological studies of two new cases. AB - This report concerns two new cases of the Cohen syndrome and gives further information on the variable phenotypical pattern of the disease. The frequency of major and minor clinical signs is reviewed from all the published reports. Among the minor signs we found previously undescribed skeletal abnormalities in one of our patients. The reported delay onset of puberty, which appears to be a frequent aspect of the syndrome, seems to occur without LH and FSH deficiency, as our patients show. PMID- 6782212 TI - Selective IgA deficiency with 18q+ and 18q-- karyotypic anomalies. AB - A case is described of selective immunoglobulin A deficiency in association with an 18q+ anomaly, apparently the result of a break at 18q23 and a de novo translocation. The presentation is compared with the phenotypic and immunological features in an IgA deficient 18q-- patient. The findings in these two patients suggest that gene(s) concerned with regulation of IgA synthesis are located on the distal long arm of chromosome 18 between 18q23 and qter. PMID- 6782213 TI - A probable case of the homozygous condition of the aniridia gene. AB - A non-consanguineous union between two people with congenital aniridia is described which resulted in the stillbirth of a female fetus with complete absence of eyes, nose, and adrenal glands. PMID- 6782214 TI - The utilization of the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of recurrent papillomatosis: report of case. AB - The carbon dioxide laser is a relatively new mode of therapy in the treatment of oral lesions. In our experience, when the laser has been used, bleeding, scarring, and edema have been minimal. With the development of hand-held instrumentation, this useful tool can be added to the oral surgeon's armamentarium. PMID- 6782215 TI - Oesophageal epithelial ultrastructure after incubation with gastrointestinal fluids and their components. AB - Oesophageal biopsies from endoscopically normal patients were incubated in the following for up to 30 min-Ham's F10 medium:isotonic saline:0.1 N HCl:20, 2 and 0.2 mM bile acids:trypsin:pepsin:lipase; autologous gastric and duodenal juices. The biopsies were then examined by electron microscopy. No morphological change was produced by Ham's F10 or saline. HCl caused little damage. Gastric juice produced widespread severe damage, as did pepsin. Duodenal juice and the enzymes tested caused lysis and internalisation of desmosomes and peripheral cytoplasmic vacuolation. Bile acids split desmosomes and induced microvesiculation of cell membranes. Similar microvesiculation was also induced by duodenal juice. All media except hydrochloric acid eventually produced organelle damage and leaky and disrupted cells. The functional and superficial cells appeared to be able to withstand attack from these experimental media better then did prickle and basal cells. Membrane coating granules were secreted in the presence of hydrochloric acid, but not with enzymes. PMID- 6782216 TI - Echocardiographic diagnosis of intracardiac thrombi complicating total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6782217 TI - Valproic acid: a possible cause of proximal tubular renal syndrome. PMID- 6782218 TI - Possible teratogenicity of valproic acid. PMID- 6782219 TI - Infectious complications in the child with cancer. III. Prevention. PMID- 6782221 TI - The pattern of eosinophilia in premature infants. A prospective study in premature infants using the absolute eosinophil count. AB - The incidence and severity of eosinophilia was prospectively studied in 45 premature infants, who were divided into three groups according to their gestational age. The incidence and severity of eosinophilia was higher in small preterm infants. A significantly higher number of infants with eosinophilia received total parenteral nutrition, endotracheal intubation, or blood transfusions. The duration of total parenteral nutrition or endotracheal intubation and the number of blood transfusions were also significantly higher in infants with eosinophilia. Eosinophilia in premature infants is not associated with neutropenia. PMID- 6782220 TI - The independent effects of hyperventilation, tolazoline, and dopamine on infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension. AB - We studied the separate and combined effects of hyperventilation and administration of dopamine and tolazoline in five infants with pulmonary hypertension managed with indwelling pulmonary artery catheters. In five infants the right-to-left shunt reversed during ventilator-induced respiratory alkalosis (pH greater than 7.6). Response to drugs was variable and unpredictable. One infant could be oxygenated at normal pH during combined dopamine and tolazoline infusion. Other infants showed no response to drugs, or became worse during infusion. The ratio of pulmonary artery to systemic artery pressure averaged 1.14 with standard therapy, but decreased to 0.98 following respiratory alkalosis alone, to 0.87 following drug infusions, and to 0.70 following the combination of alkalosis and drug infusion. These changes were significant by analysis of variance at P less than 0.02, P less 0.001, and P less than 0.001, respectively. Systemic oxygenation was satisfactory in all cases when the pulmonary to systemic pressure ratio was less than 1.0. PMID- 6782222 TI - Postheparin lipolytic activity and Intralipid clearance in very low-birth-weight infants. AB - The effect of heparin (10 U/kg) on serum lipolytic activity, triglyceride and FFA levels, during four hours infusion of 0.5 gm/kg Intralipid was measured in 18 AGA infants, 25 to 32 weeks' gestational age. PHLA, TG, and FFA were measured at 0, 10, 30, 120, and 240 minutes of infusion of Intralipid, before and following a bolus of 10 U/kg heparin iv. Lipolytic activity, measured by hydrolysis of activated tri-3H-oleate and expressed in mumol FFA released per milliliter serum per hour, was not detected in serum before heparin administration. Ten minutes after heparin administration peak PHLA was significantly higher in infants of 27 to 32 weeks' gestation than in infants of 25 to 26 weeks' gestation. There was no significant difference in peak PHLA between infants of 27 to 28 and 29 to 32 weeks' gestation. PHLA returned to baseline (zero) two hours after heparin administration in all infants. Infants of 25 to 26 weeks' gestational age had significantly higher concentrations of serum triglycerides before and during Intralipid infusion than in infants of 27 to 32 weeks' gestational age. Although there was a transient rise in FFA 10 and 30 minutes after heparin administration, the levels of FFA and triglycerides were not different at the end of infusion with or without heparin in either group, suggesting that a single bolus of heparin has only a transient effect on Intralipid clearance. PMID- 6782223 TI - Cerebral edema in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6782224 TI - Maternal drug ingestion and cyclopia. PMID- 6782225 TI - Synophthalmia: a case report. AB - A case of synophthalmia is discussed, and the literature is reviewed. The condition is caused by a suppression of the midline structures of the brain stem, but the original insult to the brain is not known. PMID- 6782226 TI - Loveable synophthalmus? AB - The ancient Greek gave cyclopia a place in the world literature. Recently, synophthalmia in a beautified form has appeared on the toy market. In both cases human phantasy has adapted the horrible congenital situations by doing the anatomically impossible changes of putting the nose in the right place and suggesting that these conditions could be compatible with life. PMID- 6782227 TI - Effect of toothbrushing on subgingival plaque formation. AB - The purpose of the present study was to find out to what extent subgingival plaque formation may be prevented by toothbrushing. The experiment was carried out on a total of 28 molars in four monkeys. On day 0 all supra- and subgingival deposits were removed, and during the following year, the teeth on the left side were carefully brushed three times a week, employing the Bass' method. The right side was kept as unbrushed control. The histologic sections, which were cut in a bucco-lingual direction, showed that subgingival plaque almost invariably had developed on the unbrushed teeth. Although all of the brushed teeth were free of subgingival plaque, a mild to moderate cellular infiltration prevailed for some distance below the gingival margin. These inflammatory reactions were assumed to have been induced by the bristles of the toothbrush, which were shown to penetrate as far as 0.9 mm below the gingival margin, when employing the Bass method. It was concluded that subgingival plaque formation can be prevented in areas accessible to the toothbrush. PMID- 6782228 TI - Immunologic study of human periodontosis (juvenile periodontitis). AB - This study was designed to define the relative distribution of lymphocytes (Lc) and plasma cells (Pc) and the nature of cell-associated immunoglobulins (Ig), IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, and IgE, and IgG subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4, in gingiva from patients with periodontosis (juvenile periodontitis). The patient population consisted of nine persons, eight males and one female between the ages of 18 and 20. Gingival tissues were obtained from the interproximal area associated with either the maxillary or mandibular first molar and the adjacent premolar (autologous control). Histologic and immunofluorescent quantitation of Ig bearing Lc and Ig positive Pc was assessed using 10 consecutive serial sections (3-4 micrometer) from each specimen. Periodontosis lesions were associated with pockets ranging from 6.0 to 11.0 mm and exhibited a mean G.I. = 0.5 Plasma cells were the predominant inflammatory cell present. The quantity and distribution of inflammatory cells increased with clinical severity. Autologous gingival biopsies from areas with a G.I. - 1.0, and pocket depths equal to a mean = 2.6 mm, contained numerous Lc and Pc. Seventy-six percent of the Pc in periodontosis lesions lacked demonstrable cytoplasmic heavy chain Ig determinants typical of such cells. The predominant Ig staining cells present were IgG followed by IgA and IgM. Autologous gingival biopsies contained predominantly Ig negative Lc and very few Ig-positive Pc. Plasma cells in periodontosis lesions exhibited marked reactivity to kappa and lambda anti-light chain antiserum. The absence of heavy chains in Pc in periodontosis lesions may be another manifestation of the overall pattern of cellular and humoral abnormalities in periodontosis patients. PMID- 6782229 TI - Blood level and brain distribution of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) determined by radioimmunoassay after intravenous administration in rats. AB - The blood level and brain distribution of immunoreactive TRH after intravenous administration of TRH tartrate monohydrate (TRH-T) were investigated by radioimmunoassay in rats. Optimal condition for complete inactivation of TRH degradative enzymes in brain by a microwave irradiation was found to be a 5kW power for 1.5 seconds. The endogenous TRH was present at the highest concentration in the hypothalamus, followed by the brain stem and thalamus, and was the lowest in the cerebral cortex including hippocampus and cerebellum. The time-course of TRH blood levels following administration of TRH-T at 0.5, 5 and 25 mg/kg fitted to a two compartment open model, and the half-lives in beta-phase increased dose-dependently. The administered TRH was incorporated rapidly from blood into whole brain, and the peak brain level corresponding to 0.108--0.166% of the total dose administered was attained 1 min after the administration. The brain TRH was eliminated with a half-life of about 3 min. The administered TRH was distributed throughout the brain, at the highest concentration in the hypothalamus, followed by the brain stem, cerebellum, thalamus and cerebral cortex. TRH tended to be eliminated most rapidly from the cerebellum. PMID- 6782230 TI - [Effects of maltitol or mannitol on gastrointestinal absorption of drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782231 TI - [High-speed liquid chromatographic analysis of drugs. X. Simultaneous determination of acrinol and berberine chloride in pharmaceutical preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782232 TI - Teratogenic potential of cocaine hydrochloride in CF-1 mice. AB - This investigation revealed that cocaine hydrochloride was teratogenic when administered in nontoxic doses to gravid CF-1 mice on Days 7-12 of gestation. The teratogenic susceptibility of the CF-1 mouse fetus to cocaine hydrochloride was evident throughout this portion of the gestation period. The early appearance of eye defects and the occurrence of skeletal defects later in gestation after cocaine hydrochloride challenge paralleled the sequence of ontogenesis. PMID- 6782233 TI - Sulfonamide inhibition of bone resorption: lack of a hypophosphatemia. AB - Calcitonin and acetazolamide inhibit bone resorption in the ureter-ligated rat. Calcitonin treatment results in an ensuing hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia. Although acetazolamide treatment results in a hypocalcemic response similar to that seen with calcitonin, plasma phosphate concentrations increase or remain unchanged after drug treatment. Data are presented indicating that acetazolamide exhibits two effects that influence blood phosphate. Drug treatment of ureter ligated rats results in an inhibition of bone resorption which tends to lower blood phosphate concentrations. However, this effect is masked by a drug-induced hypercapnia which results in an increase in plasma phosphate concentrations. Elevation of blood pCO2 also attenuates the hypophosphatemic response to calcitonin. PMID- 6782234 TI - Blockade by l-lysine of non-narcotic analgesics. AB - The antinociceptive effects of the non-narcotic analgesics clonixin, flunixin, acetylsalicylic acid, aminopyrine and phenylbutazone in the yeast paw test were blocked by l-lysine. Blockade occurred at doses of l-lysine which did not affect pain threshold. The site(s) or mechanism of action of blockade could not be determined with certainty. It appears unlikely that l-lysine prevented the analgesics from getting to active sites since plasma or brain levels of flunixin were not altered for up to 2 hr after drug administration and binding of flunixin to plasma protein was not affected. Blockade by l-lysine appears to occur at least in part at a peripheral site since it was not blockade by l-arginine or l ornithine which compete for a common transport system with l-lysine and, hence, would have reduced the effect of l-lysine if its actions were central. However, blockade within the central nervous system cannot be ruled out. Antagonism by l lysine does not seem to involve endogenous serotonin since it was not reversed by the serotonin precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan, or by fluoxetine, a specific blocker of serotonin uptake. In contrast to the block of non-narcotic analgesics, l-lysine potentiated the antinociceptive effects of morphine. PMID- 6782235 TI - Arachidonic acid stimulates short-circuit current in the isolated toad urinary bladder. AB - The effects of the prostaglandin (PG) precursors 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid) and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid (dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid) on short-circuit current (SCC) were assessed in the isolated toad urinary bladder. Arachidonic acid added to the serosal bathing media increased SCC and immunoreactive PGE2 (iPGE2) synthesis in a dose-related manner. Pretreatment with eicosatetraynoic acid (50 micrometer), a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, completely blocked the arachidonic acid-induced increase in SCC and significantly reduced iPGE2 synthesis (P less than .025, n = 9). Eicosatrienoic acid (100 micrometer) was equieffective with arachidonic acid in increasing SCC and iPGE1 synthesis. Addition of arachidonic acid (100 micrometer) to the mucosal bathing media produced no significant increase in SCC and only increased iPGE2 synthesis from 0.03 +/- 0.01 pmol/min (n = 5) to 0.31 +/- 0.03 pmol/min, a level not different from the serosal basal rate of iPGE synthesis (0.21 +/- 0.16 pmol/min, n = 5). PGE1 (1 micrometer) added to the serosal media significantly increased SCC reaching a maximum increase of 157 +/- 43% (P less than .025, n = 6) by 30 min whereas addition to the mucosal media resulted in a delayed (60 min) and lesser maximum increase (59 +/- 19%, P less than .02, n = 6). It is concluded that prostaglandin precursors increase SCC and PGE synthesis in the isolated toad urinary bladder. However, the present data do not support PGE as the metabolite responsible for the increase in SCC. PMID- 6782236 TI - Effect of reserpine pretreatment on in vivo femoral arterial responses to vasodilator agents. AB - This study determined the effects of reserpine pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.m., 24 hr before) on in vivo femoral arterial responses in the dog to the vasodilator agents acetylcholine, isoproterenol, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, adenosine, nitroglycerin and hydralazine. Femoral blood flow was monitored from the right femoral artery into which i.a. injections of the vasodilator agents were given just distal to the flow probe. Femoral vascular resistance was calculated as the ratio of mean systemic blood pressure to femoral blood flow. The response to each dose of vasodilator agent was evaluated by the magnitude of the slope of the regression line relating the resultant decrease in resistance to the resistance before the injection. Reserpine pretreatment increased slopes of these regression lines for adenosine, nitroglycerin, acetylcholine and isoproterenol, suggesting a general enhancement of vasodilator responses by reserpine. Both hydralazine pretreatment (1 mg/kg i.v., 1 hr before testing) and partial aortic occlusion during testing decreased femoral perfusion pressure without increasing vasodilator responses of the femoral arterial bed to adenosine, nitroglycerin, acetylcholine or isoproterenol. Therefore, the enhancement of vasodilator responses by reserpine was apparently not a result of decreased femoral perfusion pressure due to reserpine. PMID- 6782238 TI - Interaction between phenytoin, 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin and valproate in the rat. AB - The effect of valproate on the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin after a single i.v. injection is described in this study. Valproate is shown to significantly increase the total clearance, i.e., 23.8 to 30.4 ml . min-1 . kg-1 and volume of distribution, i.e., 0.92 to 1.25 liter . kg-1. No significant change was shown for the half-life of phenytoin. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated for unbound phenytoin showed no significant differences between those rats infused with phenytoin or phenytoin-valproate. Significantly higher concentrations of 5 (p-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenylhydantoin (HPPH) were observed in those rats given an i.v. injection of phenytoin-valproate. In vitro studies with rat liver microsomes demonstrated that valproate inhibits the metabolism of HPPH to its glucuronide. This was further exemplified when significant differences were observed in the clearance and volume of distribution of HPPH in rats given an i.v. injection of HPPH or HPPH plus valproate. The results of this study demonstrate that in the rat valproate displaces phenytoin from serum proteins and that this interaction accounts for the increased volume of distribution and clearance of total phenytoin when valproate is coadministered. However, this displacement had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of free (unbound) phenytoin. Valproate is shown to be an inhibitor of the glucuronidation of HPPH which may explain the significantly increased concentrations of HPPH observed in the rats administered phenytoin-valproate. PMID- 6782237 TI - Postnatal development of mixed-function oxidation and conjugation in hemoglobin free perfused rat liver. AB - In perfused livers from normal developing rats, rates of p-nitroanisole O demethylation, nearly undetectable at 8 days of age, increased progressively to a maximum of 5.1 mumol of p-nitrophenol formed per gram of liver wet weight per hour by 20 days of age. However, by 30 days of age, the rate of p-nitrophenol formation decreased to 2.8 mumol/g/h, in spite of a 300% increase in microsomal p nitroanisole O-demethylase activity between 20 and 30 days of age. Conjugation of p-nitrophenol in perfused livers was minimal before 16 days of age. Subsequently, rates of conjugation of p-nitrophenol increase in parallel with the development of hepatic glycogen metabolism and uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase activity. At all stages of development studied (8-30 days), phenobarbital treatment increased the liver weight, cytochrome P-450 content and and in vitro p nitroanisole O-demethylase and glucuronyltransferase activities. In perfused livers from phenobarbital-treated pups, mixed-function oxidation and conjugation increased in parallel with the development of the microsomal enzymes. These data indicate that both the development of microsomal enzyme activity and the availability of required cofactors (e.g. NADPH) influence rates of mixed-function oxidation and conjugation in intact liver during development. PMID- 6782239 TI - Aminophylline may stimulate respiration in rats by activation of dopaminergic receptors. AB - In intact young rats anesthetized with halothane, aminophylline produces an increase in respiratory minute ventilation due primarily to an increase in respiratory frequency. Although the simulation of respiration by inhalation of 10% CO2 is augmented only at high doses of aminophylline, the response to CO2 is increased at doses as low as 3 mg/kg of aminophylline. Division of the ninth cranial nerve together with removal of the carotid body did not alter the response, whereas vagotomy changed the response from one of increased frequency to an increase in tidal volume. Both awake and anesthetized rats evidence a decrease in PaCO2; after aminophylline administration and in awake animals, a decrease in brain stem dopamine content was observed. Since haloperidol, a dopamine antagonist, blocked the response to aminophylline, it seems likely that aminophylline may stimulate respiration by altering dopamine receptor activation in the brain. PMID- 6782241 TI - Costs of safe medicine. PMID- 6782240 TI - Effects of changing external potassium and chloride concentrations on the photoresponses of Bufo bufo rods. AB - 1. Intracellular responses to light were recorded from Bufo bufo rods in different ionic media. 2. The exposure of the retina to high external [K+] depolarized the rod and modified the time course of the photoresponse. The prominent initial transient of rod responses to bright flashes was drastically reduced in 5 mM-external [K+] and completely disappeared in 26 mM. In high external [K+] the kinetics of responses to dim flashes were considerably slower than in control conditions. 3. When external [Cl-] was changed from 120.6 to 10.6 mM the resting membrane potential decreased and the size of photoresponses increased. Changes in the kinetics similar to those described in high external [K+] were also observed. 4. In many cases exposure of the retina to low external [Cl-] induced oscillations of the resting membrane potential that sometimes became sustained. This instability of the membrane completely disappeared upon restoring to normal conditions. 5. The present results may be explained by assuming the existence of a voltage- and time-dependent conductance active near the dark level of membrane potential. This hypothesis can be represented by an equivalent electrical circuit that includes an inductance (Detwiler, Hodgkin & McNaughton, 1980). PMID- 6782242 TI - Problems in intravenous therapy. PMID- 6782243 TI - The long-term effects of therapy for malignant disease in childhood. PMID- 6782244 TI - Retinol binding protein in rat testicular cells. AB - Cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) was identified in the cytosols of cultured Sertoli cells and peritubular cells from the testes of 20-day-old rats. CRBP was not detected in spermatids or spermatocytes obtained from the testes of 60-day-old rats. Cultured Sertoli cells and peritubular cells contained up to a 5 fold enrichment of CRBP/mg protein compared to whole testis homogenates. FSH- or FSH + testosterone-treated cultures of Sertoli cells showed a 60% increase in the specific activity of CRBP when compared to untreated cultures. PMID- 6782245 TI - Pharmacokinetics of gold following administration of auranofin (SK+FD-39162) and myochrysine to rats. AB - Auranofin orally administered to rats resulted in delayed and protracted peak blood and serum gold levels occurring 24 to 48 h post administration. During this period, the gold concentration in blood was higher than in serum indicating that a major portion of gold was associated with the cellular components. During 1st order elimination (greater than 48 h), the blood/serum gold ratio decreased which suggested dissociation of cellular gold. Biliary cannulation experiments demonstrated that the protracted gold levels (24 to 48 h) could not be due to hepatic recirculation. In contrast to auranofin, gold sodium thiomalate produced blood gold levels which peaked within 3 h, rapidly declined and were consistently lower than serum gold levels. PMID- 6782246 TI - Ticrynafen-induced phenytoin toxicity: an interaction. PMID- 6782247 TI - Cost effectiveness of prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 6782248 TI - A videotape technique for measuring clinical skills: three years of experience. AB - This paper presents three years of positive experience in using audiovisual technique to evaluate the ability of medical students to observe psychopathology after a psychobiology system course in the second year. The validity of this technique was reported in an earlier article. The technique has students complete the Lorr Inpatient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) after they see a videotape of an interview with a psychiatric patient. A consensus of psychiatric preceptors is used as a standard of accuracy. Performance on this audiovisual examination is not related to other measures in the course, namely the multiple choice examination, essay, or preceptor evaluation of the individual students during clinical days, nor to other performance in the first two years of medical school. The author recommends the use of standardized objective audiovisual techniques to measure performance in those portions of medical education that include clinical teaching. PMID- 6782249 TI - Immunoglobulin isotypes on monoclonal blood lymphocytes in human plasma cell myeloma. AB - Purified blood lymphocytes from 30 patients with myelomatosis were studied. B lymphocytes with sIg were identified by direct IFL after staining with F(ab')2 fragments of antibodies against heavy or light chain specificities. Forty per cent of the patients had B lymphocyte values above the normal range; the median percentage of B cells was 7.25 as compared to 4.5 for control donors (p less tha 0.01). Lymphocytes bearing the light chain isotype of the myeloma protein were selectively increased in 20 of 30 patients suggesting monoclonality. The heavy chain specificities on such lymphocytes were usually that of the serum myeloma globulin sometimes together with mu and/or delta. Tentatively, mu and/or delta carrying monoclonal lymphocytes may represent early precursors to the malignant plasma cells. In patients with IgG myelomas, gamma-bearing blood lymphocytes may be late during maturation. The presence of monoclonal lymphocytes with surface bound gamma chains in untreated patients was associated with unfavourable prognosis. PMID- 6782250 TI - The patient who aspirates -- diagnosis and management. AB - There is renewed interest, particularly by head and neck surgeons in the pathophysiology of swallowing. Some of the reasons for this are an increased number of patients in the following categories who have swallowing problems: 1) patients postoperative from procedures in the head and neck, e.g., partial laryngectomy, partial or complete excisions of the tongue, pharynx, or mandible; 2) patients with peptic ulcer, hiatal hernia, esophageal diverticula, and cardiospasm; 3) patients who survive severe central nervous system problems such as stroke, brain tumors, aneurysms, or degenerative disease; and 4) patients who survive serious accidents with severe neck trauma. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of swallowing and the methods of diagnosing and treating dysphagia and its complications. PMID- 6782251 TI - The use of intravesical thio-tepa in the management of non-invasive carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 6782252 TI - Stroke, orthostatic hypotension, and focal seizures. AB - A 75-year-old man had development of left hemiparesis after a cerebral infarction. Nine months later, he was admitted to the hospital after generalized tonic clonic convulsion. In the hospital, he had clonic movement on the left side of the body. Even after acceptable control of orthostatic hypotension, rising from supine to standing position evoked slow waves over the right hemisphere on the EEG tracing. This example of focal seizures with orthostatic hypotension shows that previously compromised cerebral tissue or vessels may be vulnerable to changes in blood pressure. We suggest that convulsive movements associated with hypotension or syncope result from cortical mechanisms rather than brainstem tonic release mechanisms. PMID- 6782253 TI - Intracranial tuberculoma coexistent with uncinate seizures and violent behavior. PMID- 6782254 TI - The problems of sleep-related respiratory disorders. PMID- 6782255 TI - Heart-lung transplant may herald new era. PMID- 6782256 TI - Myocardial infarction after factor IX therapy. AB - A 17-year-old boy with hemophilia A and strong inhibitors for factor VIII suffered a myocardial infarction on the sixth day of treatment with large amounts of human factor IX complex (Konyne). The patient also had had diabetes for one year, for which he was receiving insulin injections, but there was no evidence of vascular disease. Thromboembolic complications that occur after the administration of factor IX concentrates have been reported in patients with hemophilia B or liver disease, but these complications are extremely rare in patients with classic hemophilia. PMID- 6782257 TI - Primary inoculation tuberculosis. Report of a case. PMID- 6782258 TI - New therapeutic strategies in radiation therapy. AB - Radiation therapy has been an integral part of curative cancer therapy for many decades. The tolerance of normal tissues traversed by radiation and resistant tumor cell populations traditionally have limited the radiocurability to certain tumors, especially with higher clinical stages. However, research in radiobiology and radiation physics is providing ways to increase cure while limiting morbidity. Computer-controlled dynamic treatment, radioprotector drugs, hyperbaric oxygen, carbogen breathing during irradiation, particle irradiation, and hypoxic cell sensitizing drugs are presently undergoing clinical evaluation with some encouraging preliminary results. We review the fundamental concepts underlying these clinical trials and analyze the results. PMID- 6782259 TI - Fine needle biopsy. PMID- 6782260 TI - Aspiration cytology of breast lesions. PMID- 6782261 TI - Imprint cytology of lymph nodes. PMID- 6782262 TI - Fine needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes. PMID- 6782263 TI - Prevalence of Widal antibodies in apparently healthy human population. PMID- 6782264 TI - Posterior urethral valves: a report based on 10 patients. PMID- 6782265 TI - Familial pancreatitis with lithiasis. PMID- 6782266 TI - Medicinal plants as hypocholesterolemic agents. PMID- 6782268 TI - Venous thrombosis and pregnancy. PMID- 6782267 TI - Medical literature on Pakistan from 1840-1947. PMID- 6782269 TI - Bacteriological studies on the conjunctival sac of cataract patients. PMID- 6782270 TI - Hypotensive effect of freeze-dried garlic (Allium Sativum) sap in dog. PMID- 6782272 TI - Arboviruses of public health importance in Pakistan. PMID- 6782271 TI - Intra-thoracic and intra- abdominal perforation of the colon in traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 6782273 TI - Nephrotic syndrome of acquired syphilis-a morphological and ultrastructural study. PMID- 6782274 TI - A study of newly diagnosed obese diabetics. PMID- 6782275 TI - [Red cell carbonic anhydrase (RCA) activity during anesthesia: III-Hypothermia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782276 TI - [Study on factor VIII complex in 106 cases of liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782277 TI - [A case of sigmoid cancer who acquired factor V inhibitor producibility and treated with factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity preparation FEIBA--with bibliographic review (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782279 TI - [Iatrogenically induced hypo-osmolar condition of the blood]. PMID- 6782278 TI - [Trial of combination chemotherapy for multiple myeloma and macroglobulinemia- VENAP therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782280 TI - [Ir gene control of murine contact hypersensitivity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782281 TI - [Studies on hyaluronic acid synthetase in rat skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782282 TI - [The effects of heparin-free dialysis on uremic hyperlipidemia in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. I. The change of lipids during a dialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782283 TI - [Child development and play--the meaning of play for children]. PMID- 6782284 TI - [Play of sick children and their care--play of hospitalized pre-school children and their introduction to group play]. PMID- 6782285 TI - [Play by sick children and the role of nursing--professionalism of nursing and its involvement in play]. PMID- 6782287 TI - [Observation of play by sick children]. PMID- 6782286 TI - [Examples of play of hospitalized pre-school children]. PMID- 6782288 TI - [Bedside nursing. An attempt to remove an indwelling urinary catheter in an aged patient with cognition disorders]. PMID- 6782289 TI - [Hospice--a report on the status of terminal care in England. 12. The future direction of the hospice in Japan]. PMID- 6782290 TI - [The nursing home: the status of medical care and nursing in the United States. 12. The nursing home as an answer to the problem of the aged]. PMID- 6782291 TI - [Infusion fluids--experiences from personalized education. 12. Calcium requirement]. PMID- 6782292 TI - [Sex in the clinical setting. 11. Sex in the clinical setting and nursing]. PMID- 6782293 TI - [Questions and answers on respiratory tract diseases. 9. Lung cancer]. PMID- 6782294 TI - [Sterilization and disinfection. 5. Practice of disinfection]. PMID- 6782295 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Mr. Kosei Konno, a male psychiatrist nurse who promoted an open ward system for the psychiatric department]. PMID- 6782296 TI - [Records of a nursing exchange program in Mexico. 12. Folk festivals and events]. PMID- 6782297 TI - [Sterilization and disinfection. 6. Central sterilization department]. PMID- 6782298 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Michi Kimura, the first head of the nursing department of a nursing-oriented rehabilitation hospital]. PMID- 6782299 TI - [Viva La Plata; life with the Japanese in Argentina. 1. Travelling to Argentina]. PMID- 6782300 TI - [Observations on nursing by nurses as patients. A discussion]. PMID- 6782302 TI - [Let us not judge solely by the nurse's standard]. PMID- 6782301 TI - [A view by a patient and a view by a nurse]. PMID- 6782303 TI - [Prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6782304 TI - [Nursing care for the prevention of viral hepatitis at the hemodialysis unit]. PMID- 6782305 TI - [Prevention of type B hepatitis and nursing care]. PMID- 6782306 TI - [Bedside nursing. The effects of "transfer to a private room" in case studies: patient care and the psychological process of patients facing death]. PMID- 6782307 TI - [Bedside nursing. Rehabilitation nursing of a patient following replacement with a hip joint prosthesis]. PMID- 6782308 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6782310 TI - [Life-threatening events and nursing. 1. Hospitalization of a family member]. PMID- 6782309 TI - [Ambulatory nursing conference: at Life Planning Center Clinic. Nurses' instruction on medication given to patients: a medication error in a case of primary myocardial disease]. PMID- 6782311 TI - [Computer study. 1. What is a computer?]. PMID- 6782312 TI - [Sex in clinical medicine. 12. Sex and crime]. PMID- 6782313 TI - [Questions and answers on respiratory tract diseases. 10. Pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6782314 TI - [Nursing of patients undergoing intravenous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 6782315 TI - Differential effects of nitroglycerin, trimetazidine, verapamil and SK&F 24260 on venous return as revealed by the open-loop method in the dog. AB - To obtain detailed information concerning the effects of different vasodilators on venous return, experiments were carried out on 28 dogs by the use of the open loop method. Blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae was drained at the level of the tricuspid valve into a reservoir, from which blood was pumped into the right atrium at a constant flow rate. Changes in reservoir volume reflected a total blood shift from the experimental dog and indicated changes in venous return. Drugs were administered into the ascending aorta. Nitroglycerin (1-10 micrograms/kg) decreased systemic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and venous return but scarcely altered heart rate. Trimetazidine (0.3-3 mg/kg) decreased systemic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, venous return and heart rate. Verapamil (10-100 micrograms/kg) decreased systemic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and heart rate, and increased venous return. SK&F 24260 (1-10 micrograms/kg) decreased systemic blood pressure, total peripheral resistance and increased venous return. Only high doses (10-30 micrograms/kg) of SK&F 24260 reduced heart rate. Rigorous measurements of systemic output showed that nitroglycerin (10 micrograms/kg), trimetazidine (3 mg/kg), verapamil (100 micrograms/kg), SK&F 24260 ( 10 micrograms/kg) produced no change in this parameter. SK&F 24260 increased venous return even when sino-aortic baroreceptor reflex was eliminated, ruling out reflex venoconstriction as a possible cause of the increased venous return. The results suggest the following: [1] Vasodilators like SK&F 24260 and verapamil increase venous return by decreasing arterial and/or venous resistance. [2] If the effect which increases venous capacitance prevails over the effect which decreases arterial and/or venous resistance, venous return is reduced as is the case of nitroglycerin and trimetazidine. PMID- 6782316 TI - Effect of 1, 3-bis (2-phenyl-4-chromenon-5-yl)-2-ol on experimental asthma in guinea pigs. PMID- 6782317 TI - Effects of polyamines on ethylmorphine N-demethylation in rat liver microsomes. AB - The time course linearity of ethylmorphine N-demethylation was improved by the addition of polyamines to the reaction mixture. The most remarkable effect on the time course linearity of ethylmorphine N-demethylation was observed when spermine was used. The apparent stimulatory effect of spermine was decreased remarkably by the simultaneous addition of EDTA to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Similar results were observed when an additional lipid peroxidation inhibitor such as Co2+, Mn2+ or 2,2'-bipyridine was used in place of EDTA. Hydrogen peroxide-dependent ethylmorphine N-demethylation activity in rat liver microsomes was not influenced by the addition of spermine. In addition, neither lipid peroxides formation nor the stimulatory effects of polyamines on ethylmorphine N-demethylation was observed in the reconstituted monooxygenase system. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of polyamines on lipid peroxidation might be responsible for the stimulatory effects on drug oxidations. PMID- 6782318 TI - Promoting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) and polychlorinated dibenzofuran-free Aroclor 1254 on diethylnitrosamine-induced tumorigenesis in the rat. AB - The hepatic tumor-promoting activity of a commercial polychlorinated biphenyl mixture, Aroclor 1254 (AR 1254), with and without its intrinsic polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) impurities, was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley non-inbred albino rats were treated with 66 microgram diethylnitrosamine (DENA)/ml drinking water for 5 weeks and subsequently given a control diet or a diet supplemented (100 ppm for 18 wk) with either AR 1254 or AR 1254 from which the PCDF moieties were removed (AR 1254-PCDF). Of those animals receiving DENA alone, 16% exhibited hepatocellular carcinomas. Of those rats treated with DENA followed by administration of AR 1254 or AR 1254-PCDF, 64 or 84%, respectively, developed hepatocellular carcinomas. Thus promotion with either AR 1254 or AR 1254-PCDF significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the incidence of DENA-initiated hepatocellular carcinomas. Administration of AR 1254 or AR 1254-PCDF alone did not induce hepatic tumors. Therefore, PCDF impurities were not necessary for the promoting activity of AR 1254. PMID- 6782320 TI - [Modern aspects of nitro preparation use]. AB - On the basis of clinical examination and the results of bicycle ergometry and echocardiography in 58 patients with chronic ischemic heart disease the authors determined the contingent of patients in whom long-acting nitrates were most effective. The high clinical effectiveness of the agents in patients with symptoms of the initial stage of cardiac insufficiency is proved and the absence of any essential differences between long-acting nitrates in the character of their effect on hemodynamics is shown. It is established that nitroglycerin and long-acting nitrates cause a qualitatively similar effect on myocardial contractile function and intracardiac hemodynamics in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6782319 TI - Polyunsaturated fatty acids as promoters of mammary carcinogenesis induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - The development of mammary tumors was examined in female noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats fed either a low-fat diet or high-fat diets containing different fats and fatty acid esters. Each rat was given 5 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by stomach tube 1 week before diets were introduced. Addition of 3% ethyl oleate (an ethyl ester of an unsaturated fatty acid) to a diet high in saturated fat (coconut oil) had no significant effect on tumor development, but the addition of 3% ethyl linoleate (an ethyl ester of a polyunsaturated fatty acid) increased the tumor yield to about twice that in rats fed either the high-saturated fat diet or a low-fat diet. Animals fed the high-saturated fat diet containing 3% ethyl linoleate developed as many tumors as those fed a 20% sunflower seed oil diet, though the sunflower seed oil diet contained about four times as much linoleate. Rats fed a high coconut oil diet containing 3% menhaden fish oil, which contains polyunsaturated fatty acids of the linolenate family (but having little linoleic acid), also developed as many tumors as those fed the 20% sunflower seed oil diet. These differences in mammary tumor yield could not be explained by alterations in the serum levels of prolactin, estrogen, or progesterone. However, the higher tumor yields were associated with increased unsaturation of mammary tissue phospholipids. PMID- 6782321 TI - [Pharmacodynamic study of nitroglycerin preparations by methods of tetrapolar rheoplethysmography of the finger and impedance cardiography in ischemic heart disease]. AB - A method of tetrapolar impedance plethysmography of the finger (TIPF) is suggested for the evaluation of the peripheral hemodynamic effect of drugs containing nitroglycerin. The method is based on the changes in the beta wave amplitude in TIPF as compared to the initial level. The central hemodynamics was studied by means of impedance cardiography (by the cardiac index) simultaneously with TIPF. The results are presented of the comparative pharmacodynamics of 6.4 mg sustac and 6.5 mg nitrong. The hemodynamic effect of sustac was higher that that of nitrong but its duration was 1--1 1/2 h shorter. Extreme variants have been demonstrated of the individual sensitivity of patients to the long-acting nitroglycerin agents. PMID- 6782322 TI - [Use of nitrates in clinical practice]. PMID- 6782323 TI - [Effect of long-term sublingual administration of nitroglycerin on the indicators of hemodynamics and changes of total ST segment shift in 35 precordial leads in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Limitation of the final dimensions of a myocardial infarct is a new trend in the treatment of this disease. Nitroglycerin is considered to be one of the most active agents in this respect. The effect of 4-hour sublingual medication with nitroglycerin on changes in the values of precordial cartogram and central hemodynamics was studied. A significantly more rapid dynamics of the overall ST segment displacement under the effect of treatment and favourable shifts in the hemodynamic values were demonstrated. The dynamics of the latter under the effect of nitroglycerin medication varied in its trend and depended on the initial parameters. PMID- 6782324 TI - [Nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside and intra-aortic counterpulsation in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - The effect of nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside in patients with acute myocardial infarction and signs of cardiac insufficiency was studied. These drugs reduced the increased pressure in the pulmonary artery. The systemic arterial pressure also reduced, but more markedly under the effect of nitroglycerin. Nitroglycerin often reduced the cardiac rhythm rate, whereas sodium nitroprusside caused no changes or increased it. Counterpulsation with an intra-aortic balloon was conducted in cardiogenic shock. The most marked positive changes in systemic arterial pressure occurred under the effect of counterpulsation. Changes in the cardiac output and pulmonoarterial pressure were much less conspicuous. The favourable dynamics disappeared in most patients after counterpulsation was discontinued. PMID- 6782325 TI - [Method of studying the pharmacodynamics of anti-angina drugs by means of repeated exercise tests]. AB - A method for studying the effect of anti-anginal agents was elaborated. It comprises the appraisal of ST segment depression dynamics in individually dosaged physical exercise repeated in the same volume at interval of one hour after a single dose of the agent that is studied had been taken. Continuous monitoring with subsequent computer treatment was used for ECG recording and analysing. The administration of placebo in 14 patients with angina of effort had no effect on the hemodynamic parameters determining the requirements of the myocardium for oxygen or on the depth of ST segment depression during physical exercise to which the patients were repeatedly exposed for 6 hours; at the same time, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of the pain syndrome was revealed. The average deviation in the magnitude of ST segment depression during repeated exercises was 11.2%. The method may be used in approbation of drugs and selection of effective anti-anginal therapy. PMID- 6782326 TI - [Mechanism of action of boric acid on the causative agent of blue pus infection]. PMID- 6782327 TI - [Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum complicated by esophageal obstruction]. PMID- 6782328 TI - [Sodium nitroprusside in centralized circulatory shock]. PMID- 6782329 TI - [The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and the differential diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism (author's transl)]. AB - Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is reported from a 5 year old girl presenting with oculocutaneous albinism and bleeding tendency. The cause of the coagulation abnormality was found to be a disturbance of the thrombocyte function. Hermansky Pudlak syndrome is presented together with the differential diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism. PMID- 6782331 TI - [Time for work - time for leisure]. PMID- 6782330 TI - [Disturbances of lipoprotein and fatty acid metabolism in patients with heavy injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Critically ill patients after a heavy accident suffer from major disturbances of hormones and metabolism. To study the origin of these alterations and the mechanisms of lipid transport through plasma in this critical situation plasma lipoproteins and fatty acid distribution were analyzed consecutively in four patients after a heavy accident and during convalescence up to 30 days. In all patients whole plasma cholesterol is reduced below 100 mg/dl, predominantly by a decrease of LDL-cholesterol, but HDL-cholesterol is also reduced. Triglycerides start with very low levels and the following increase of whole plasma triglycerides. Thus, a negative relationship between HDL-cholesterol and VLDL- as well as LDL-triglycerides was found. In HDL the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids changes from 1.4 to 0.2, indicating major alterations in the composition of this lipoprotein fraction. Apolipoprotein B and total protein in lipoprotein fractions are also decreased by injury. Within 3-5 days linoleic acid levels are decreased in all lipid and lipoprotein fractions of plasma, but most pronounced in cholesterol esters. Arachidonic acid is only decreased in two patients in the phospholipid fraction. As parameter of essential fatty acid deficiency in tissues eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3/9) increases in phospholipids of plasma. Total parenteral nutrition with fat emulsions obtains good results in the normalization of plasma lipoproteins and fatty acid distribution by influencing the composition of VLDL, LDL, and HDL. A supply of up to 56 g linoleic acid per day is necessary to normalize linoleic acid and arachidonic acid levels in plasma lipids. After cessation of the acute reactions of circulation and metabolism fat emulsions can be used in total parenteral nutrition of patients after injury in an amount of 30-40% of energy. PMID- 6782332 TI - [Working conditions and physical burden]. PMID- 6782333 TI - [The value of our leisure time]. PMID- 6782334 TI - [Partnership in patient care]. PMID- 6782335 TI - [Sense and goal of a conference in nursing service]. PMID- 6782336 TI - [Proposals for attaining learning goals. "Humanism" in nursing education]. PMID- 6782337 TI - [Laughter has healing power]. PMID- 6782338 TI - [Play]. PMID- 6782339 TI - [A topic for health education: healthy feet with suitable shoes]. PMID- 6782340 TI - [Realization of nursing practice. Guidelines for the improvement of quality of nursing care in the USA]. PMID- 6782341 TI - [Foot care in the elderly]. PMID- 6782343 TI - [Growth all around us - why not also in humaneness?]. PMID- 6782342 TI - [Sense, form and beauty of old age]. PMID- 6782344 TI - [The thematic development of our periodical; a look back - the present - a forward look]. PMID- 6782345 TI - [Perspective of the activities of the German Nurses' Association in the 80s]. PMID- 6782346 TI - [Action program of the German Nurses' Association in the 80s]. PMID- 6782347 TI - [Development in pediatric nursing in the 80s]. PMID- 6782348 TI - [Nursing assistants - indispensable occupation in nursing and geriatric care]. PMID- 6782349 TI - [Stagnation or progress in the development of the nursing professions?]. PMID- 6782350 TI - [Our role as nurse in community primary health care. Tasks and expectations for the 80s. A group activity]. PMID- 6782351 TI - [Psychiatry - a look back and prospects]. PMID- 6782353 TI - [75 years of association journal and professional journal for nursing]. PMID- 6782354 TI - [Patients' welfare - ideal and reality]. PMID- 6782352 TI - [Desirable changes in psychiatric nursing education for the 80s. Results of a questionnaire in our nursing school]. PMID- 6782355 TI - [Has nursing a future?]. PMID- 6782356 TI - [How the journal "Krankenpflege" is produced]. PMID- 6782358 TI - [Fire and disaster prevention: nobody must be excluded]. PMID- 6782357 TI - [Portrait of our journal]. PMID- 6782359 TI - [Fire prevention - part of civil defense. Realization in the hospital]. PMID- 6782360 TI - [Model of fire prevention regulation in the XY hospital]. PMID- 6782362 TI - [First aid in burns]. PMID- 6782361 TI - [Fire prevention and fire hazards in the hospital]. PMID- 6782363 TI - [Professional image of nursing - established by a Work Group of the German Nurses' Association]. PMID- 6782364 TI - [Formation and utilization of auxiliary personnel. Meeting of International Work Group in Frankfurt]. PMID- 6782365 TI - [Fire and disaster prevention in facilities for geriatric care]. PMID- 6782366 TI - [Psychological status of patients before surgery and at time of induction. 1. Attempt of a study based on patient interviews]. PMID- 6782367 TI - [Multiple choice as examination system in nursing]. PMID- 6782368 TI - [Contribution of nursing in the health care system of the USA]. PMID- 6782369 TI - Bilirubin, UDP-glucuronyl transferase of liver in postmature rats. A functional and morphologic comparison. AB - Postmaturity was induced in dated pregnancies in Wistar rats by daily injection of 25 units of chorionic gonadotrophin, beginning on day 18 of gestational life. Animals were either delivered operatively on day 23 of postconceptual age or allowed to deliver spontaneously on day 24 by stopping the gonadotrophin. The hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity (E.C.2.4.1.17) was quantitated in these animals and compared with that of control animals of normal gestations operatively and spontaneously delivered of similar postconceptual age. Normal animals at birth have very little hepatic bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity, but it rapidly achieves adult activities in the first 4 days of neonatal life. In contrast, the postmature animals of 23 and 24 days of postconceptual age exhibited marked suppression of the hepatic bilirubin UDP glucuronyl transferase activity, but they exhibited rapid neonatal maturation after delivery. The ultrastructure of the hepatocytes from the postmature rats of 24 days postconceptual age exhibited the same paucity of smooth endoplasmic reticulum of 21-day rats, which is in striking contrast to of postnatal life. The findings are interpreted to suggest that the intrauterine milieu actually suppresses fetal maturation of liver function. PMID- 6782370 TI - A micromethod for the on-column methylation of valproic acid by gas-liquid chromatography. AB - We described a simple procedure for the flash heater methylation of valproic acid and cyclohexylacetic acid (internal standard) by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). A small volume (100 microL) of sample is acidified with 10% perchloric acid and extracted into hexane. An aliquot is back extracted into 5% tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMH). A 1 microL sample of the TMH layer is injected into the GLC equipped with flame ionization detector (FID) and a 6 ft x 2 mm i.d. - nickel column packed with 3% OV-17 on 80/100 mesh Supelcoport. The injector temperature is set at 350 degrees C to ensure methylation. Recoveries are greater than 95% of theoretical value. The linearity for calibration points between 15 and 180 microgram/mL is excellent (coefficient of correlation and determination greater than 0.9999). The procedure is rapid and sensitive and does not require a dedicated column in the gas chromatograph. PMID- 6782371 TI - Microprocedure for determination of carbaryl in blood and tissues. AB - A microprocedure was adapted for the extraction and cleanup of carbaryl from blood and tissues of animals poisoned with this insecticide. Ball-mill extraction using acetone and methylene chloride, removal of lipid material by a freeze-out procedure, and florisil microcolumn cleanup were employed. Derivatization of carbaryl with heptafluorobutyric anhydride in the presence of trimethylamine allowed rapid processing for gas-liquid chromatographic separation on 3% OV-17 and electron-capture detection. Limits of carbaryl detection were 0.02 ppm for blood and 0.1 ppm for tissue. This procedure allowed simultaneous processing and sensitive detection of carbaryl in numerous small samples. PMID- 6782372 TI - Another causal factor in the production of humidifier fever. PMID- 6782373 TI - The effects of estradiol upon the thymus of the sexually immature female mouse. PMID- 6782374 TI - [Clofoctol binding by the bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - Clofoctol is an antibacterial agent which is active only on Gram + bacteria. The clofoctol binding on bacteria is fast and the number of molecules bound is about 10(6) to 1,5 10(7) molecules per bacteria. Bacteria sensitivity towards clofoctol is the result of their ability to bind with it. Gram negative and Gram + protoplasts of bacteria bind the clofoctol. Binding of clofoctol by B. subtilis is obtained with viable cells and also with thermal inactivated cells. Binding of clofoctol by the cells is reversible and we showed that the 14C clofoctol used for the experiments and the unlabelled clofoctol have the same behaviour. ions as K+, Mg++, Ca++, Mn++, and Fe++, pH variation between 2 to 9, and urea have no influence on the binding of clofoctol by the bacteria, but, sodium lauryl sulfate is an inhibitor of the binding. These results mean that clofoctol bounds are made by hydrophobic links. PMID- 6782375 TI - [Experimental study of anticonvulsant substances active against petit mal]. PMID- 6782376 TI - 3. Graphic displays--scatter diagrams. PMID- 6782377 TI - Changes i superoxide dismutase activity and copper during development and ageing in the fruit fly Drosophila Melanogaster. AB - Total superoxide dismutase activity was found to increase during development of the fruit (Drosophila melanogaster) with an increase of 346% occurring between the larval and the one-day adult stage. During the adult stage total superoxide dismutase activity did not vary with age. Throughout the period of rapid increase in total superoxide dismutase there was a correspondingly rapid increase in total copper content. A continued increase in copper content during the adult stage suggested, however, that copper levels were not determining total superoxide dismutase activity during adult ageing. The cyanide-insensitive or mitochondrial superoxide dismutase reached a maximum at 8 days of age and decline by 21% between 8 and 58 days of age. PMID- 6782378 TI - Amyloid typing using antisera to prototype fibril proteins. A brief note. AB - Amyloid fibril proteins from three patients with generalized amyloidosis were isolated and chemically characterized by N-terminal amino-acid sequence studies in two of them. As they belonged to three different amyloid classes they served as prototypes for the preparation of antisera specific for each class. Using these antisera in immunodiffusion, amyloid fibril proteins of 15 additional cases with generalized amyloidosis have been investigated. These could be grouped into four categories: seven belonging to the amyloid A type, three to the amyloid L, lambda type, and three to the amyloid L, kappa type; the amyloid fibril proteins of two patients could not be classified by these agents and may represent still unidentified amyloid types. PMID- 6782379 TI - Morphometric studies on synapses of the cerebellar glomerulus: the effect of centrophenoxine treatment in old rats. AB - Young, adult and old female Wistar rats (3, 18 and 28 months of age, respectively), were studied using electron-microscopic stereology. Synaptic parameters of the cerebellar glomerulus were calculated and compared with similar data obtained from old Wistar rats of the same breed treated with centrophenoxine (CPH; HelferginR, Promonta, Hamburg) in the form of intraperitoneal injections (100 mg/kg body weight) for 40 days. This treatment resulted in a sort of "rejuvenation" of synaptic structures. Namely, the surface density and the total length of synaptic contact zones were markedly reduced in the untreated old group, but in the treated animals these parameters returned to the values found in the young and adult animals. At the same time the numerical density of synapses remained unaltered in the treated group, while the average synaptic length displayed some further increase. The results are interpreted in terms of the age-dependent decrease in reactive synaptogenesis, suggesting that CPH stimulates the metabolism of the nervous elements persisting in old brain. The possible mechanism of CPH effect is also discussed. PMID- 6782380 TI - Related age changes in the elastase and lipid contents of normal and hemiplegic subjects of various ages. AB - Elastase and lipid levels of the plasmas of subjects and of those who have suffered a stroke have been measured, and it has been shown that the normal age related fall in elastase content is mirrored more closely by the fall in high density lipoprotein cholesterol than by changes in total cholesterol. After a stroke a peak level of the elastase concentration is reached later than the peak of the total cholesterol, but before the peak for the HDL-cholesterol is attained. Highest levels of the ratio of these two (a major risk factor in vascular disease) appear to precede both the stroke and the elevation of the elastase level at ages below 76 whereas at higher ages than this the elevation of elastase precedes the lipid changes. It is therefore deduced that the whole question of elastolytic activity in the plasma is intimately bound up with the lipid content of the plasma and with the age of the subject as mirrored in the status of the elastic tissue in the vessel wall. PMID- 6782381 TI - [Value of Ercefuryl in the treatment of chronic and acute intestinal diseases]. PMID- 6782382 TI - [Continuous low-flow enteral hypernutrition. Comprehensive view. New data (830 cases)]. PMID- 6782383 TI - [Infectious risk in continuous low-flow enteral feeding]. PMID- 6782384 TI - [Choice of mixtures in enteral feeding]. PMID- 6782385 TI - [Role of enteral feeding in preparation for major surgery]. PMID- 6782386 TI - [Indications for and contributions of enteral feeding in cirrhotic patients]. PMID- 6782387 TI - [Indications for and results of continuous low-flow enteral feeding in burn patients]. PMID- 6782389 TI - [Continuous low-flow enteral feeding in oncology]. PMID- 6782388 TI - [Constant-flow enteral feeding in pediatric digestive pathology]. PMID- 6782390 TI - [Experiment with enteral feeding in esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 6782391 TI - [Continuous-flow enteral feeding in neurosurgery. Personal experience]. PMID- 6782392 TI - [Continuous perfusion of low doses of insulin in severe diabetic decompensation (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty one episodes of severe uncontrolled diabetes, most of them with ketoacidosis, were treated at a Medical Intensive Care Unit with fluid and electrolyte replacement and continuous perfusion of low doses of insulin. The overall results of this therapeutic approach were a progressive and gradual return to normality of all biochemical parameters with a fall of serum glucose levels and no hypoglycemic or hypokalemic accidents. Based on this study and on a review of the literature, an updated protocol for therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis is proposed. PMID- 6782393 TI - [Hypogonadism, basillary impression, subluxation of the lenses, and other clinical manifestations in a case of neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - A case of neurofibromatosis with varied clinical symptoms due to parental consanguinity is reported. The patient presented the following manifestations: mental retardation, curved tibias, kyphoscoliosis, basillary impression with pyramidal syndrome and parkinsonism, subluxation of the lenses, bilateral blindness, and hypogonadism. Subluxation of the lenses and hypogonadism deserve special mention because of the rarity of their presentation in this disease. The hypogonadism was of the hypogonadotrophic type without evidence of pituitary or gonadal tumor. The possible causes of endocrine dysfunction in neurofibromatosis are discussed. The more likely hypothesis explains endocrine dysfunction on the basis of an elongation of the pituitary stem; if such abnormality was caused by gliosis of the optic chiasma, an explanation would be apparent for the bilateral blindness presented by our patient since infancy. The alterations of the nervous, endocrine, and osteoarticular systems, and the ocular manifestations that can be present in von Recklinghausen's disease are also reviewed. PMID- 6782394 TI - [Variations of the plasma levels of gonadotrophins (FSH and LH) and of its response to stimulation with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) with different plasma levels of prolactin (PRL) in women with the syndrome of galactorrhea-amenorrhea (author's transl)]. AB - In 15 women with either isolated amenorrhea or amenorrhea associated to galactorrhea the basal levels of PRL allowed a clear differentiation into three groups. The first group (n = 3) had normal PRL levels (x +/- SD, 8.0 +/- 4.8 ng/ml), the second group (n = 4) had moderately elevated PRL (25.6 +/- 6.5 ng/ml), and the third group (n = 8) had very high PRL (176.0 +/- 76.1 ng/ml). All the patients in the third group had a pituitary adenoma. In the three groups the basal levels of FSH and LH and their response to GnRH were measured with the purpose of uncovering possible relationships between these results and the levels of PRL, and the tumoral or non-tumoral origin of the hyperprolactinemia when it was present. No statistically significant differences were found amongst the three groups. The results suggest that hyperprolactinemia has no influence upon gonadotrophin release or the endogenous release of GnRH. The measurement of plasma gonadotrophins and their response to GnRH appears to be of no clinical value for the differential diagnosis of the hyperprolactinemias. PMID- 6782395 TI - [Listeriosis in the adult: report of 7 cases]. AB - Human beings are frequently exposed to Listeria monocytogenes, but these microorganisms are rarely pathogenic for healthy subjects. In recent years an increase in the frequency of listeriosis has been reported, especially in patients with severe underlying diseases. In the present work the clinical, microbiological, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of seven adult cases of listeriosis are reviewed. L. monocytogenes was isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid or both. Most patients had an underlying illness (one alcoholic, one diabetic, one lymphoma, and two aplastic anemia), and three of them had received immunosuppressive treatment. The disease can have different clinical presentations; the commonest forms were septicemia and acute meningitis. All patients with an underlying disease succumbed to listeriosis. A comment is made on the possibility of confusion between L. monocytogenes and other germs, and some aspects of the epidemiology of listeriosis are analyzed. PMID- 6782396 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis and coma. PMID- 6782397 TI - Acute tubular necrosis. PMID- 6782398 TI - [Effect of phospholipid fractions from various bacteria and fungi on the immunity of mice to bacterial infections]. PMID- 6782399 TI - [Effect of nonspecific immunity factors of blood serum on the action of various antibiotics]. PMID- 6782401 TI - [Parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6782400 TI - Anti-metabolites in the management of herpes simplex keratitis. PMID- 6782402 TI - Current concepts: III. Prolactin and calcium metabolism in the rat. PMID- 6782403 TI - The effect of cyclo (Leu-Gly) on chemical denervation supersensitivity of dopamine receptors induced by intracerebroventricular injection of 6 hydroxydopamine in mice. PMID- 6782404 TI - Differential mode of action of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and enkephalin on the smooth muscle of rat duodenum. PMID- 6782405 TI - Ovarian function in the rat following irreversible inhibition of L-ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6782406 TI - Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by 2,2', 3,3', 4,4'- and 2,2', 3', 4,4', 5 hexachlorobiphenyl. PMID- 6782407 TI - Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and contractility of guinea pig vas deferens. PMID- 6782408 TI - Nursing care for children with hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism. PMID- 6782409 TI - Promoting maternal attachment through prenatal intervention. PMID- 6782410 TI - Prenatal tactile intervention can be encouraged. PMID- 6782411 TI - Prenatal assessment guide for illuminating possible problems with parenting. PMID- 6782412 TI - Identifying parents in need: an approach to adoptive parenting. PMID- 6782413 TI - Adoptive parents need special reassurance. PMID- 6782414 TI - Parent-child relationships: fathering the chronically ill child. PMID- 6782415 TI - Maternal-infants attachment: the first step toward individualizing twins. PMID- 6782416 TI - MCN pharmacopoeia: theophylline. PMID- 6782417 TI - Balancing the power: improving health care for women. PMID- 6782418 TI - Polyethylene glycol 6000 as an accelerator in a double antibody radioimmunoassay system. PMID- 6782419 TI - [Late, local radiation injuries and their treatment]. PMID- 6782420 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and obesity]. PMID- 6782421 TI - [Legionnaires' disease. After-care with rifampicin of roentenologically persistent pulmonary infiltration]. PMID- 6782422 TI - [Amino acid level in serum during postoperative infusion therapy]. PMID- 6782423 TI - [Primary resistance observed in 974 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from adult lung patients]. PMID- 6782424 TI - Host factors in "chromophobe" adenoma of the anterior pituitary: a retrospective study of 464 patients. PMID- 6782425 TI - An apparent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-independent stimulation of intestinal calcium absorption in patients with Paget disease of bone during a short-term diphosphonate therapy. AB - Six patients with Paget disease of bone were treated with a 6-mo course of disodium-ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphate (EHDP) at a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day (one patient) or 20 mg/kg/day (five patients). In addition to symptomatic and biochemical improvement which persisted 3 mo after discontinuance of therapy, EHDP resulted in a significant increase in intestinal calcium absorption that was not correlated with a change in serum 1 alpha, 25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentration. EHDP appears to stimulate intestinal calcium transport by either a vitamin D independent process or by an increased intestinal mucosal cell sensitivity to vitamin D. PMID- 6782426 TI - Gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in hyperthyroid patients with menstrual disturbances. AB - This study was designed to investigate the gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in patients with hyperthyroidism, as related to the presence or absence of menstrual disorders. Forty-one Japanese women with hyperthyroidism were separated into groups on the basis of the presence of a regular menstrual cycle, hypomenorrhea, or amenorrhea and further subdivided into the phase of the menstrual cycle at the time of testing. The findings in these groups were compared with those in normal subjects with respect to thyroid function, basal serum LH and FSH levels and serum LH and FSH responses to LHRH, and basal estradiol levels. Serum LH responses to LHRH were increased over normal subjects in those with hyperthyroidism regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle and regardless of the presence or absence of menstrual disturbances. However, these augmented LH responses to LHRH were less marked in those with menstrual disorders than in those with regular menstruation. Both basal serum FSH and peak serum FSH response to LHRH were also increased in the follicular phase but not in the luteal phase of the cycle in hyperthyroid patients, regardless of menstrual function. These results suggest that high levels of circulating thyroid hormones augment the gonadotropin response to LHRH, and that increased LH and FSH secretion probably maintains the normal cyclic pituitary gonadal axis function in patients with hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6782427 TI - Catabolism of apoprotein A-1 of HDL in normal and nephrotic rats. PMID- 6782428 TI - Adenylate cyclase activity in human parathyroid tissues: reduced sensitivity to suppression by calcium in parathyroid adenomas as compared with normal glands form normocalcemic subjects or noninvolved glands from hyperparathyroid subjects. AB - To examine whether alterations in parathyroid adenylate cyclase might be associated with glandular hyperfunction, we compared enzyme activity in membranes from 7 normal glands with activity from 18 abnormal and 5 noninvolved glands from patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Compared with the normal glands, the specific enzyme activity after full stimulation with guanyl-5'yl imidodiphosphate was significantly decreased in both hyperplastic and noninvolved glands from the hyperparathyroid subjects. While the enzyme activity of all tissues could be suppressed by calcium, a twofold higher calcium concentration was required for comparable suppression of the enzyme from adenomas as compared with normal or noninvolved glands. Alterations in the adenylate cyclase complex of hyperplastic parathyroid glands may explain, in part, the elevated "set point" for calcium homeostasis in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6782430 TI - [Comparative study of the oxygen reduction in photosystem II of the cyanobacteria, Anacystis nidulans and Anabaena variabilis]. AB - Oxygen reduction in the photosystem II (PS II) of thylakoid membranes from the cyanobacteria Anacystis nidulans and Anabaena variabilis was studied in the system SiMo + DCMU in whose presence competitive electron transport to SiMo and O2 in possible. The reagents of the Mehler reaction were used; these reagents activate oxygen uptake by interacting with the reduced forms of oxygen (malonate and oxalate with O2; glyoxylate and catalase + ethanol with H2O2). The use of the reagents as shown that there was a considerable electron transport to O2 which decreased the rate of SiMo reduction and visible oxygen evolution. Oxygen was reduced to O2 and H2O2 in the photosystem II of A. nidulans whereas practically no generation of H2O2 was observed in the photosystem II of A. variabilis. Malate was found to be capable of activating oxygen uptake in the PS II of the cyanobacteria by interacting with O2. Oxalate was capable of this interaction only in the membranes of A. variabilis, but not in the membranes of A. nidulans where it competed with water as an electron donor. A decrease in SiMo reduction and oxygen evolution in A. nidulans in the presence of glycolate was due to oxidation of glyoxylate which was formed in the course of enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of glycolate by the membranes possessing the activity of glycolate oxidase, and the subsequent interaction of glyoxylate with H2O2. SiMo reduction by the cyanobacterial membranes and by the spheroplasts of A. variabilis, in contrast to the chloroplasts of higher plants, did not decrease in the presence of DCMU, but went on at a linear rate until the substrate was completely exhausted. The role of reduced O2 forms in metabolism of a phototrophic cell is discussed. PMID- 6782429 TI - Effects of RU16117, an orally active weak oestrogenic compound, in postmenopausal women. AB - Daily oral administration of 1, 3 or 10 mg of RU16117 (11 alpha-methoxy ethinyl oestradiol) to normal postmenopausal women led to a progressive decrease of basal serum LH levels to 60.4 +/- 17.0, 35.1 +/- 9.1 and 20.1 +/- 2.8% of control (pretreatment values, P less than 0.01), respectively, after 4 wk of drug administration. Although the pattern was similar, the inhibitory effect of RU16117 was even more pronounced on FSH than LH levels: a 50% decrease of basal LH and FSH levels was obtained at the daily 1.8 and 1.2 mg doses of RU16117, respectively. No significant change of basal serum gonadotrophin levels was observed with the daily 0.3 mg dose. Administration of 1 mg of RU16117 every second day or 10 mg once a week led to a relatively small but significant (P less than 0.05) 20--25% decrease of basal serum LH levels after 4 wk of treatment in four out of five women. While daily 0.3 and 1.0 mg doses of RU16117 had no significant effect on the LH response to 100 microgram LHRH, the 3.0 mg dose delayed the response up to 90 min. The 10 mg dose, on the other hand, led to a markedly delayed and reduced response. Treatment for the same period (4 wk) with 1 mg RU16117 every second day or 10 mg once a week led to a small (20--25%, P less than 0.05) inhibition of the LH response to LHRH. At the dose of 10 mg once a week, RU16117 had no or minimal effect on endometrial histology. Since RU16117, an orally active weak oestrogenic compound, has been shown to have anticarcinogenic activity in the rat, the present findings suggest that this new steroid could be useful for the treatment of climacteric symptoms. PMID- 6782431 TI - [Effect of electro-immobilization on Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The culture of Bacillus subtilis 21 was subjected to the action of nonuniform electric field, and the effect of the latter on the bacterial survival and biochemical activity was studied. The action of the field on the cells was shown to depend on the material of a load on which the culture was immobilized. The studied properties of Bac. subtilis 21 did not change when the culture was immobilized on cellulose fiber. About 50--60% of the cells died on silica gel under the action of field; the respiration activity and the rate of hexamethylene diamine destruction did not change. Almost all of the bacterial cells lost their viability upon electroimmobilization on ion-exchange resins. The destructive properties of the culture retained by the field exceed the activity of the control variants. PMID- 6782432 TI - [Ratio of coryneform bacteria to the organic substance concentration]. AB - The effect of various organic substances and their concentrations on growth was studied with 10 strains of coryneform bacteria belonging to different taxonomic groups. The dynamics of the cultural growth depended on the nature of a substrate, glucose or acetate. Arthrobacter globiformis 281, A. variabilis 289, Nocardia erythropolis 236, N. globerula 502, N. minima 311 and N. rhodochrous 435 had a higher growth rate on acetate than on glucose. A. pascens 284, Brevibacterium ammoniagenes 334, Corynebacterium aquaticum 459 and C. michiganense 302 grew in a medium with glucose but not in a medium with acetate. The dependence of the maximal specific growth rate on the initial concentration of a carbon source was characterized, for all of the cultures, by high threshold concentrations of substrates (0.05--0.02 g per litre) and high Ks values (0.1- 1.5 g per litre) which varied depending on the culture and the substrate. The dependence mu max = f(Cs) varied among different cultures and obeyed the Mono's equation only for B. ammoniagenes 334, C. aquaticum 459 and C. michiganense 302. The results presented here are in agreement with the assumption that some coryneforms isolated from oligotrophic habitats may occupy the ecological niche of the dissipation microflora. PMID- 6782433 TI - [Resting state in Pseudomonas fluorescens induced by a prolonged water deficit]. AB - Various strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens showed different resistance to water deficiency in soils with a low water content (alpha w = 0.75). Humidification of dry soil reactivated the cultures. The period of reactivation took from several hours to three days and depended on the nature of inoculated strains. The growth of various strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied in the conditions of a low water content in soil; the cells were investigated by electron microscopy before and after soil humidification. The results suggest that this organism can be in a certain "resting state" which is characterized by changes in the cell structure and by the time it takes the cells to reactivate after humidification of a dry soil sample. PMID- 6782434 TI - [Effect of the protein synthesis inhibitor chloramphenicol on the basic growth indices of continuous and periodic Bacillus megaterium cultures]. AB - The action of chloramphenicol, a specific inhibitor of bacterial growth and an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was studied in the conditions of continuous and batch cultivation. Steady states of the population within the range of D from 0.2 to 0.7 hr-1 were obtained at a concentration of the antibiotic equal to 20 microgram per liter. The shape of the chemostat curve in the presence of chloramphenicol in the medium indicates that the antibiotic slightly decreases mu max and considerably diminished Y. A change of limiting factors occurs along the chemostat curve at different dilution rates (0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 hr-1): one-, two- and three-factor effects on the population were observed. Steady states of the population in the chemostat are possible by chloramphenicol concentrations of 10 to 100 microgram per litre; in this case, cellular metabolism changes in the following nonspecific way: less effective energy processes are activated, the Y decreases as well as protein content in the cells, but the content of poly-beta hydroxybutyric acid in the biomass increases. If chloramphenicol is taken at a concentration of 1000 microgram per litre (a dose strongly inhibiting the growth rate), other changes specific for this inhibitor are found: the content of protein decreases while that of RNA increases, and substances of nucleotide nature are released into the medium. The changes remain for many generations. The data show that it is possible to change the ratio between cell polymers in growing population. PMID- 6782435 TI - [Pigment degradation in Synechocystis aquatilis under nitrogen starvation with varying illumination]. AB - When the cells of Synechocystis aquatilis are incubated in a medium without nitrogen, the degradation of pigments in the conditions of illumination occurs in two stages: (i) during the first day and (ii) after three days of the incubation. The degree of degradation increases with the intensity of illumination and correlates with the rate of cell death. The pigments are not degraded in the dark. When chlorotic cells are transferred to a medium containing nitrogen, their number increases stepwise by a factor of 1.2 after 7--8 hours and rises exponentially after 14 hours; the synthesis of phycocyanin starts after 7 hours and the synthesis of chlorophyll only after 12 hours when the chlorophyll-to phycocyanin ratio reaches its normal value (1. 1). PMID- 6782436 TI - [KMnO4-induced change in the chemiluminescence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells after their preliminary interaction with pyocyanine]. AB - Pyocyanin was capable of interacting with the cells when it was added to the cell suspensions of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa P. culture producing the pigment and a mutant that did produce pyocyanin. As a result, the intensity of chemiluminescence induced by KMnO4 in the cells decreased. Pyocyanin inhibited the chemiluminescence of the parent strain and mutant cell homogenates and their fractions, with an exception of the fraction of the mutant cell walls with which it did not react. The character of pyocyanin interaction with the cells of Ps. aeruginosa P. was shown to depend on the conditions of the cultural incubation. PMID- 6782437 TI - [Isolation and identification of Methylomonas methanica membranes]. AB - The crude membrane preparation of Methylomonas methanica was fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and in an aqueous dextran -- polyethylene glycol two-phase system. Fractions of a higher purity were prepared by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Two subcellular fractions were isolated and characterized. One of them enriched in lipopolysaccharides was represented by the cell wall debris; the other possessing greater specific activities of the enzymes contained mainly intracytoplasmic membranes. The effect of various factors on the separation of membranes and on the specific enzyme activities was investigated. PMID- 6782438 TI - [Development cycles of coryneform and Nocardia-like bacteria]. AB - The growth cycles and the types of cell separation were studied in a microchamber with the collection strains of Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATTC 6871, B. helvolum ATCC 19239, B. linens CCM 47 and ATCC 9174, B. maris VKM B-464 and B. stationis ATCC 14403, as well as with the strains of the genus Rhodococcus isolated from soils, viz. R. maris sp. nov. IMB 283 and R. luteus sp. nov. IMB 385. According to the increasing complexity of cellular morphological transformation in the life cycle, the organisms may be arranged in a series: R. maris -- B. ammoniagenes -- B. stationis -- B. linens -- B. helvolum -- R. luteus. The first three organisms are characterized by the snapping type of separation of short rod-like daughter cells. The cells of B. linens separate by both the snapping and bending types. The coccoid cells of B. helvolum ATCC 19239 produce many buds which are transformed into rod-like cells in the course of growth. In the log phase of growth, both true and false branching of the cells is observed; the latter is the result of a peculiar growth of the ends in the separated cells of B. helvolum. The cells of R. luteus form a rudimentary, rapidly fragmenting mycelium whose rod like elements divide then by binary fission; the daughter cells separate the bending and snapping types. PMID- 6782440 TI - Orange blood syndrome. PMID- 6782439 TI - [Diagnosis of methane-oxidizing bacteria by numerical methods based on the cellular fatty acid makeup]. PMID- 6782441 TI - [Turbidimetric-immunologic determinations by means of the "Cobas" Bio]. PMID- 6782442 TI - Fluid and electrolyte therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6782443 TI - Phenol ionization in dopa determines the site of methylation by catechol-O methyltransferase. PMID- 6782444 TI - The formation of arylating and alkylating metabolites of phenacetin in hamsters and hamster liver microsomes. PMID- 6782448 TI - [Irreversible toxic depigmentation. Observations following use of hydroquinonemonobenzylether-containing skin bleaching preparations]. PMID- 6782447 TI - [Massive tongue hemorrhage following resection of a congenital neck fistula]. PMID- 6782446 TI - Mobile dispersed genetic elements and their possible relation to carcinogenesis. AB - In this paper, a hypothesis is described according to which mobile dispersed genetic elements are related to endogenous viral genomes and may be involved in oncogenic transformation by uptaking cellular genes important for cellular growth. It is also possible that, in certain cases, they can switch off the genes involved in the control of differentiation. PMID- 6782445 TI - Structure-function relations in flavodoxins. AB - Flavodoxins are low molecular weight, FMN containing, proteins which function as electron transfer agents in a variety of microbial metabolic processes, including nitrogen fixation. Utilizing structural information obtained from x-ray crystal analysis, it has been possible to derive some new and important insights into the relationships which exist between flavin properties and protein environment by comparing the spectroscopic, thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the flavodoxins with that of free flavin. Thus, for example, a qualitative understanding of the contribution of the protein to flavin redox potentials, semiquinone reactivity and mechanism of electron transfer is beginning to emerge. The highly negative redox potential required for the biochemical activity of the flavodoxins is accomplished by stabilizing the semiquinone via a hydrogen bond to the N-5 position of the flavin and destabilizing the fully-reduced form by constraining it to assume an unfavorable planar conformation. The reactivity of the semiquinone form is lowered by the aforementioned hydrogen bond, as well as by an interaction with a tryptophan residue in the binding site. Electron transfer is accomplished through the exposed dimethylbenzene ring of the bound coenzyme. Although it is not possible at present to determine the extent to which this understanding can be generalized to other flavoproteins, it is clear that a study of the flavodoxins will provide us with at least some of the principles which biological systems have used to modify flavin properties to fulfill a biochemical need. PMID- 6782449 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy: concepts, basics and consequences. 2. Physician-patient relation]. PMID- 6782450 TI - [Endotoxins and the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Endotoxins are constituents of the capsules of intestinal gram-negative Flora. Under pathological conditions with limited clarification function of the liver RES (alcoholic hepatitis, severe virus hepatitis, cholestasis, cirrhosis of the liver) they do reach the systemic circulation. If the colon is primarily diseased (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) or secondarily damaged (edema of the colonic wall in acute pancreatitis) they pass through the wall into the peritoneal cavity and from there into the systemic circulation (endotoxemia). Attention to the endotoxemias can explain a number of systemic complications which often determine the clinical course of the diseases named. A basis is also created for seeking an effective form of therapy. PMID- 6782452 TI - [Ambulatory therapy of sinusitis with Reverin in otorhinolaryngologic practice]. PMID- 6782451 TI - [Red Ring Test for the recognition of disturbances of porphyrin metabolism]. PMID- 6782453 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 3. Physician patient communication]. PMID- 6782454 TI - [Disturbances of esophageal motility: achalasia]. PMID- 6782455 TI - [The physician and the offers of the psychomarket]. PMID- 6782456 TI - [Non-medicinal treatment in psychogeriatrics (author's transl)]. AB - Of the triad of possible concepts of psychogeriatric therapy which includes pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and social therapy, the non-medicinal treatment of the elderly is dealt with here, starting from the experience of our own team in the outpatient and part inpatient sphere and in the interdisciplinary team. For psychotherapy in its strict sense, approaches are described which arise from the elaboration of deep psychology, learning theory or client-centered therapy. Forms of treatment are described and possibilities for concrete aids in the patients' environment outlined. PMID- 6782457 TI - [Pathogenetic and clinical aspects of disturbances in coronary microcirculation (author's transl)]. AB - In the majority of cases, disorders of coronary microcirculation develop as a result of vascular and rheological disturbances of coronary perfusion. Clinical diagnosis implies the exclusion by coronary angiography of stenoses of the greater coronary arteries (greater than or equal to 200 millimicron) and the functional demonstration of disordered blood supply to the coronary microcirculation. Methodologically, consideration should be given to investigations revealing the cardiac or extracardiac basic disease, i.e. serum and blood analyses, methods for the determination of coronary hemodynamics as well as bioptic procedures. In addition to symptomatic, antianginal measures, therapy involves with priority the specific treatment of the cardiac and extracardiac basic disease, through which a high therapeutic benefit can be expected. PMID- 6782458 TI - [Integration of the mentally handicapped (author's transl)]. AB - The integration of handicapped persons into the family and society has almost become a slogan. The expression is often used very uncritically, but the necessity for such efforts remains undisputed. Examples are given to show what approaches are possible and also what forms of integrational endeavors are unreasonable for the mentally handicapped and which are in no way always to be considered as suitable for the handicapped person. Under this catchword the full time establishments (institutions, psychiatric clinics with oligophrenic departments and homes) for the mentally handicapped are also considered, but equally critically. A discussion on the widely used nomenclature in the language of psychiatry, in textbooks or dictionaries which are not all encouraging for integration or even particularly human, is informative. PMID- 6782459 TI - [Attitude of residential patients toward the old age home and nursing home]. PMID- 6782460 TI - [Life with an artificial anus. Socio-medical dimensions of surgical technics]. PMID- 6782461 TI - [Acupuncture as a cause of death (author's transl)]. AB - Acupuncture is a controversial method of treatment, the success of which, according to the convictions of its opponents, is based solely on suggestion or autosuggestion. That the rules of the Chinese teaching on acupuncture are not observed by many acupuncturists does not contribute to its prestige. Serious injuries resulting from acupuncture therapy have, however, seldom become known. For this reason the case is presented of a 63-year-old woman, suffering from asthma, who died as a result of a bilateral pneumothorax following injury to the lungs in the course of acupuncture of the chest wall. PMID- 6782462 TI - [Abortion from the ethical point of view]. PMID- 6782463 TI - [Therapy with blood components (author's transl)]. AB - This survey is concerned with the differentiated application of blood and cell concentrates. The indications for administration of blood conserve, fresh blood, erythrocyte and thrombocyte concentrates are carefully delimited. From the point of view of specific therapeutic procedure it is necessary to consider transfusion of conserved blood as an immediate first aid stopgap. For massive transfusions fresh blood, and particularly in special cases warm blood, should be used as soon as possible. In chronic anemias erythrocyte concentrate free from buffy coat is the cornerstone of substitution therapy. In chronic bone marrow insufficiency frequent transfusions lead to alloimmunization and refractivity. In order to have hemostatically active thrombocyte concentrate available, the possibilities of selection of donors and pretesting by means of crossmatching are discussed. PMID- 6782464 TI - [Assessment of quality of medical activities (author's transl)]. AB - The efforts to measure the quality of medical activities have been described in the literature a great many times. In this respect, high blood pressure, urinary tract infections and cholecystectomy are great health problems which are most frequently the objects of the investigations. This is also to be seen in the choice of the qualitative measurements used. Whereas adaptable procedures to measure the quality of processes seem to be available, the search for suitable process-specific result measures is far from being concluded. But approximations can be made use of. Finally the quality of medical activities need not be measured exactly in order to be able to assure quality. PMID- 6782465 TI - [Psychological group treatments of patients with essential hypertension in a general practice--results of a pilot study (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty patients with essential hypertension received psychological group treatment in a general practice in 4 groups of 15 persons. The following methods were applied: adiposis training, self-measurement, relaxation training, information. Another 15 hypertensives were untreated controls. A short-term hypotensive effect is most distinctly demonstrable in the information group, suggesting the recommendation to intensify the group information of hypertensives. PMID- 6782466 TI - [Tongue necrosis and bilateral amaurosis in cranial arteritis]. PMID- 6782467 TI - [Influence of domperidone and metoclopramide on serum gastrin levels and gastric acid secretion (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of Domperidone and Metoclopramide on the Serum Gastrin Level and Gastric Acid Secretion was investigated in a crossed, randomized double blind study in 12 male subjects aged 29 years on the average and presenting a healthy stomach. Neither after Domperidone nor after Metoclopramide could a significant change in Gastrin Level and Acid Secretion be observed. Since both Domperidone and Metoclopramide exert a motility promoting but not secretagogue effect on the upper gastrointestinal tract, both drugs are suitable for the treatment of disordered motility and evacuation related to ulcer disease, as well as for the treatment of postoperative gastroatonia. PMID- 6782469 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 6. Speech is silver, silence is gold?]. PMID- 6782468 TI - [Endometriosis of the large intestine]. PMID- 6782470 TI - Towards an improved micronucleus test: studies on 3 model agents, mitomycin C, cyclophosphamide and dimethylbenzanthracene. PMID- 6782471 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. ICPEMC publication No. 5: An evaluation of the genetic toxicity of dichlorvos. PMID- 6782472 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. VIII. The system of relative radioresistance in immature oocytes of the irradiated population ROI4. AB - Prophase I oocytes of the irradiated population ROI4 of Drosophila melanogaster are radioresistant relative to those of a control population (+K). The system of relative radioresistance is apparently dose-modifying and can be described by Dose-Reduction Factors (DRFs). At least 3 constituent components of the system can be distinguished, as follows. The genetic factor rar-1 contributes to the system with respect to the induction of dominant (DRF = 1.31) and sex-linked recessive lethals (DRF = 1.31) in a way that is inhibited by caffeine. The factor rar-2, independently reduces both types of lethal to the same amount as does rar 1, but also affects the production of X-chromosome loss (DFR = 1.72). The results of several different approaches allow, as a working hypothesis, the interpretation that rar-2 reduces the association of heterologous, chiasmatic chromosomes in the chromocentre in time and/or space and thus minimizes the preconditions for the production of certain types of interchange and of non disjunction. A third factor, rar-3, is postulated to contribute, independently from the others, to the system of relative radioresistance with respect to dominant lethals (DRF = 1.58), interchanges and non-disjunction (DRFs = 1.58), and sex-linked recessive lethals (DRF = 1.87). PMID- 6782473 TI - A genetic study of the effects of the repair-deficient mei-9a mutation in Drosophila on spontaneous and X-ray-induced paternal sex chromosome loss. AB - The repair-deficient mutant, mei-9a in Drosophila melanogaster was investigated regarding its effect on spontaneous and X-ray-induced chromosome loss in male postmeiotic cells. From matings of males carrying a mei-9a or an ordinary ring-X and a doubly marked Y chromosome (BSYy+) with mei-9a or ordinary females, the spontaneous frequencies of complete loss, partial loss, and inferred ring-X loss (based on shifts in sex ratio female:male) were significantly higher with mei-9a than with non-mei-9a. When males were given 3000 rad X-irradiation, frequencies of induced partial loss, inferred ring-X loss and the reduction in the number of progeny per female were significantly greater with mei-9a than with non-mei-9a. The results provide evidence that the mei-9a is a potentiator of both spontaneous and X-ray-induced chromosome lesions in sperm of the Drosophila male. Evidence is presented which implicates the presence of mei-9a in the P1 female and not the male as (at least) largely responsible for the characteristic mei-9a effects. PMID- 6782474 TI - Comparison of metabolic systems required to activate pro-mutagens/carcinogens in vitro for sister-chromatid exchange studies. AB - Irradiated Syrian hamster fetal cells (feeder layer) and rat-liver homogenate (S9 mix) were used to compare their capacity to metabolize 3 known promutagens/carcinogens; BaP, 3-MC and DMBA. DNA-damaging potential was determined by the induction of SCE in V79 target cells. The S9 mix (1/20th strength) was toxic to the target cells and reduced the mitotic index by half with an exposure time of 2.5 h. The feeder layer was not toxic to the target cells and, therefore, was included for the duration of the Expt. The test chemicals elicited a dose-response with both activating systems. At similar concentrations of the test chemicals, the cells grown on the feeder layer showed a greater number of SCEs as compared to those activated by the S9 mix. PMID- 6782475 TI - Effect of cobaltous chloride on spontaneous mutation induction in a Bacillus subtilis mutator strain. PMID- 6782476 TI - Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges in a rat-liver cell line with chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6782477 TI - Biotin-responsive carboxylase deficiency associated with subnormal plasma and urinary biotin. PMID- 6782478 TI - Biotin deficiency: an unusual complication of parenteral alimentation. PMID- 6782479 TI - New light on biotin deficiency. PMID- 6782481 TI - Sounding Boards. Cost-benefit analysis and heart transplantation. PMID- 6782480 TI - A controlled trial of verapamil for Prinzmetal's variant angina. AB - To assess the efficacy and safety of verapamil in variant angina pectoris, we entered 16 patients in a double-blind, randomized trial of nine months, duration. During treatment with verapamil, the frequency of angina fell substantially (12.6 +/- 25.9 chest pains per week with placebo, 1.7 +/- 2.8 pains per week with verapamil, mean +/- S.D.; P less than 0.01), as did the use of nitroglycerin tablets (14.4 +/- 34.4 tablets per week with placebo, 2.1 +/- 3.3 tablets per week with verapamil; P less than 0.05). The number of hospitalizations for clinical instability was significantly lower with verapamil (P less than 0.01). The number of episodes of transient ST-segment deviation during treatment with verapamil was reduced (33.1 +/- 39.3 ST-segment deviations per week with placebo, 7.7 +/- 11.7 deviations per week with verapamil; P less than 0.01). Verapamil caused no side effects forcing a reduction in dosage or a discontinuation. We conclude that verapamil is safe and effective in the therapy of variant angina pectoris. PMID- 6782482 TI - Public health versus personal medical care: the dilemma of post-Mao China. PMID- 6782483 TI - Post-transfusion viral hepatitis and the TTVS. PMID- 6782484 TI - Serum alanine aminotransferase of donors in relation to the risk of non-A,non-B hepatitis in recipients: the transfusion-transmitted viruses study. AB - To evaluate the incidence of post-transfusion hepatitis and factors influencing its occurrence, the Transfusion-Transmitted Viruses Study prospectively followed 1513 transfusion recipients from 1974 through 1979. The attack rate for non-A,non B hepatitis was 10 per cent. The incidence of hepatitis was directly related to the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level in blood donors. In recipients of multiple transfusions of blood that had no donor-ALT level above 29 IU per liter the attack rate was 6 per cent or less; at higher donor-ALT levels the attack rate increased progressively, reaching 45 per cent in recipients of units with an ALT of 60 IU or greater. A similar relation was observed among recipients of single units of blood. Moreover, hepatitis developed in 10 of 11 recipients of two units with an ALT level of 45 IU or greater. These data indicate that screening blood for ALT levels would reduce the incidence of non-A,non-B post transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 6782485 TI - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in female patients with galactosemia. AB - We evaluated gonadal function in 18 female and eight male patients with galactosemia due to transferase deficiency; it was normal in the males, but 12 females had signs of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. All female patients had a 46,XX karyotype, normal levels of thyroid hormone and prolactin, and no anti ovarian antibodies. The biologic activity of urinary gonadotropins was normal. Ultrasonography of the pelvis revealed that ovarian tissue was diminished or absent. Total estrogens increased in one of two patients after administration of human menopausal gonadotropin. The frequency of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism was higher in females in whom dietary treatment for galactosemia was delayed. Clinical course and mean erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate and urinary galactitol levels did not correlate with ovarian function. We conclude that female patients with galactosemia have a high incidence of ovarian failure due to acquired ovarian atrophy. Galactose or its metabolites may be toxic to the ovarian parenchyma, particularly during the immediate neonatal period. PMID- 6782486 TI - A comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin with gentamicin plus nystatin in the prevention of infections in acute leukemia. AB - Fifty-three profoundly granulocytopenic patients with relapsed acute leukemia who were undergoing reinduction chemotherapy were prospectively randomized to receive either trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin or gentamicin plus nystatin for prevention of infections. The acquisition of new organisms per patient during the total study period was similar in both groups. Thirty-five symptomatic infections (five of which were bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin, whereas 31 infections (eight bacteremias) occurred in patients receiving gentamicin plus nystatin. Four deaths related to infection occurred in patients taking trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and eight occurred in patients taking gentamicin. We conclude that trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin was approximately as effective as gentamicin plus nystatin for prophylaxis against infection in relapsed acute leukemia. Furthermore, side effects were fewer and compliance was better with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole plus nystatin. PMID- 6782487 TI - Case 1-1981: antibody activity of light chain. PMID- 6782488 TI - [Physiological importance of the microvilli-bound leucine arylamidase in the final digestion of proteins. III. Exopeptidatic activities of purified microvilli against peptides mixtures in the presence and after the removal of free amino acids]. AB - The exopeptidatic degradation of peptide mixtures by the aminopeptidase of the microvilli is inhibited by the presence of free amino acids. Further degradation occurs after the removal of the free amino acids from the peptide mixture. The amino-acid composition of the remaining residual peptides is a second factor that impedes the complete cleavage of the peptides. PMID- 6782489 TI - Idiotypic regulation by isologous monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies. PMID- 6782490 TI - Differential usage of iso-accepting tRNASer species in silk glands of Bombyx mori. AB - The rapid development of the silk glands of Bombyx mori during the last larval instar shows two phases. During the first 4 days, in both the middle and posterior parts of the silk glands, the ribosomal machinery is assembled and the synthesis of housekeeping proteins starts. During the second phase (the last 4 days), the middle part of the gland synthesis approximately 45 mg of the silk protein sericin (31% serine) and the posterior part of the gland synthesizes approximately 130 mg of the silk protein fibroin (46% glycine, 29% alanine and 12% serine). Silk fibroin and sericin are detectable by the second day and represent 80 and 50% respectively of the total proteins produced at day 8 (refs 1 -4). It is known that the tRNA population of the posterior part of the gland is quantitatively adapted to fibroin codon frequency during this period but little is known about the situation in the middle part except for the observation that it contains more tRNASer than does the posterior part. We show here that the two parts contain, and presumably use, different iso-accepting species of tRNASer, the middle part using tRNASer1, which recognizes AGU and AGC codons, and the posterior part using tRNASer2 which recognizes UCA. We also suggest that this differential adaptation of the tRNASer species is under transcriptional control as the two species are accumulated at different rates, but degraded at the same rate. PMID- 6782491 TI - Diversity of immunoglobulin expression in leukaemic cells resembling B-lymphocyte precursors. AB - Approximately 20% of patients with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) have leukaemic blasts with features of pre-B cells which are the recently characterized precursors of B lymphocytes in normal development (for a review, see ref. 2). Pre-B cells isolated from normal bone marrow or fetal liver, and malignant cells from patients with pre-B cell leukaemia, are rapidly dividing lymphoid cells that contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin mu heavy chains, but have no detectable surface immunoglobulin. The resemblance of immunoglobulin containing ALL cells to normal precursors of B lymphocytes and their availability in relatively pure preparations allowed us to explore them as models of early stages in the differentiation of the B-lymphocyte line. We report here observations on the occurrence of intermediate pre-B/B-cell phenotypes, immunoglobulin isotype switching and the asynchrony of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain expression in 30 cases of ALL and 3 cases of chronic myelogenous leukaemia in lymphoblastic crisis (CML-BC). PMID- 6782492 TI - Different sensitivities of prostaglandin-cyclooxygenases in blood platelets and coronary arteries against non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - The action of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs indomethacin, tiaprofenic acid, diclofenac and meclofenamate on vascular and platelet-cyclooxygenases was studied by measuring the arachidonic acid-induced thromboxane A2 (TXA2)-formation of washed human platelets and prostacyclin (PGI2)-formation of bovine coronary artery rings. TXA2 was bioassayed as RCS on rabbit aorta strips, PGI2 in terms of its antiaggregatory activity on ADP-induced aggregation of human platelet-rich plasma. All of the substances studied produced concentration-dependent inhibition of PGI2- and RCS-release. The IC50 [micrometer] in inhibition of RCS-formation was 0.019 for indomethacin, 0.070 for tiaprofenic acid but 44.9 for meclofenamate and 63.2 for diclofenac. The IC50 [micrometer] in inhibition of PGI2-release was 0.42 for diclofenac, 0.63 for indomethacin and 0.99 for tiaprofenic acid. The data suggest (1) high sensitivity of human platelet-cyclooxygenase against indomethacin and tiaprofenic acid, (2) different sequence of the substances studied in inhibiting arachidonic acid-induced TXA2- and PGI2-formation. The possible therapeutic value of selective inhibition of platelets and vascular cyclooxygenases is discussed. PMID- 6782493 TI - A comparative study of the pharmacology of inhibitors of GABA-metabolism. AB - Four catalytic inhibitors of GABA-aminotransferase (GABA-T), viz. gabaculine, gamma-acetylenic GABA, gamma-vinyl GABA, and ethanolamine O-sulphate (EOS), as well as the unspecific enzyme inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), sodium valproate (VPA), and GABA itself were studied for anticonvulsant, biochemical, and toxic effects in mice. Elevations of the electroconvulsive threshold by 30 V were produced at the time of their maximal effect by the i.p. injection (AOAA s.c.) of 13 mg/kg AOAA, 37 mg/kg gabaculine, 65 mg/kg gamma-acetylenic GABA, 125 mg/kg VPA, 1,440 mg/kg EOS, 1,900 mg/kg gamma-vinyl GABA and 2,800 mg/kg GABA. At these doses, all drugs except GABA and VPA increased the clonic pentetrazole threshold to a similar extent, but differed in their increases in the brain content of GABA, which varied from 70% (EOS) to 300% (gamma vinyl GABA) as a consequence of decreases in the activity of GABA-T. The activity of the GABA synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase was decreased only by gamma acetylenic GABA. When determining the anticonvulsant effect of the different drugs against the convulsant ED 97 of pentetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, strychnine and maximal electroshock seizures, gabaculine, AOAA, VPA and in part gamma-vinyl GABA and GABA were efficacious enough to allow the determination of ED50 values, whereas gamma-acetylenic GABA and EOS showed no clear activity in any of these seizure models. Gabaculine and AOAA at their anticonvulsant ED50 were toxic or lethal. All inhibitors of GABA-T except EOS caused numerous side effects which cast doubt on the specificity of these drugs. The present results indicate that inhibitors of GABA-T hardly seem to be suited for treatment of convulsive disorders in human but are useful tools in studies of experimental epilepsy. PMID- 6782494 TI - [Hyperlipoproteinemia type II]. PMID- 6782495 TI - [Palliative treatment of impaired esophageal and gastric food transit by means of an endoscopically-positioned prosthesis]. PMID- 6782496 TI - [Various data on Hodgkin disease]. PMID- 6782497 TI - Surgical nutrition--nutritional assessment. PMID- 6782499 TI - Sexual differences in tuberoinfundibular dopamine nerve activity induced by neonatal androgen exposure. AB - The activities of different catecholaminergic neurons in the brains of male amd female rats were estimated by measuring (1) the rate of decline of dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha methyltyrosine (alpha-MT) and (2) the rate of accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase with NSD 1015 in brain regions containing the terminals of these neurons. In the median eminence the accumulation of DOPA and the alpha-MT-induced decline of DA, but not NE, were higher in the female than in the male, suggesting increased activity of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons in the female. There were no sexual differences in DA neurons which terminate in any of the other brain regions (striatum, olfactory tubercle, nucleus accumbens, posterior pituitary). To determine if the sexual difference in tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity results from neonatal exposure to androgens, the rate of DOPA accumulation was examined in the median eminence of females, males, and androgen-sterilized females (all of which were castrated as adults) and in adult males which were castrated as neonates. Similar values for DOPA accumulation were observed in the median eminence of castrate females and neonatally castrated males, while significantly lower values were observed in castrate males and androgen-sterilized females. Thus, neonatal exposure to androgens alters the activity of tuberoinfundibular DA neurons. Neonatal androgen-induced differences in tuberoinfundibular DA neuronal activity may be responsible, in part, for sexual differences in the hypothalamic regulation of hypophyseal hormone secretion. PMID- 6782498 TI - Role of carbon dioxide fixation, blood aspartate and glutamate in the adaptation of amphibian brain tissues to a hyperosmotic internal environment. AB - Mechanisms have been examined by which hyperosmotic blood plasma might elevate the levels of aspartate and glutamate in the brain of the toad Bufo boreas. CO2 fixation was assessed by two in vivo methods using [2-14 C]glucose injected intracisternally. Thirty minutes after injection, the 14C labeling of glutamate and aspartate was more than 100 times greater in brain than in liver. In brain tissues, 40 + % of 14C atoms appeared to be incorporated into aspartate via the pyruvate carboxylase pathway. Brain tissues of control toads and toads adapting or adapted to hyperosmotic plasma osmolality revealed no differences in the rate of CO2 fixation as related to glucose utilization or tissue pool sizes of glutamate and aspartate. Elevated levels of these amino acids in blood plasma preceded increases in brain tissues. Carbon atoms required during hyperosmotic adaptation for expansion of amino acid pools in brain tissues may, in part, originate from amino acids in blood but apparently not from CO2 fixation in brain. PMID- 6782500 TI - (D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide-induced blockade of ovulation and its reversal by naloxone in the rat. AB - The effects of (D-Met2,Pro5)-enkephalinamide--a superactive enkephalin analogue- on the preovulatory discharge of gonadotrophic hormones and on ovulation were investigated. Injection of the opioid (16 nmol) into a lateral cerebral ventricle of regularly cycling female rats immediately before the critical period on the day of proestrus resulted in a blockade of ovulation and in a concomitant depression of the preovulatory plasma luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone levels. A smaller dose of the opioid (2 nmol) did not inhibit ovulation. The inhibition of the preovulatory gonadotrophic hormone discharge and the blockade of ovulation by the opioid were reversed by naloxone administration. Our data are consistent with the view that the endogenous opioid peptides may be involved in the physiological regulation of the central neural events which lead to ovulation in the rat. PMID- 6782501 TI - CCT in different epilepsies with grand mal and focal seizures in 309 children: relation to clinical and electroencephalographic data. PMID- 6782502 TI - Multiple and familial meningiomas without evidence of neurofibromatosis. AB - This paper reports a case of multiple meningiomas in a 63-year-old woman. There was a 20-year interval between the occurrence of tumors at different sites. In addition, the patient's son manifested a histologically similar tumor. There was no evidence of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis in either of the subjects or in other family members who were examined. PMID- 6782503 TI - Alterations in cerebral blood flow, oxygen metabolism, and electrical activity produced by high dose sodium thiopental. AB - High dose barbiturate therapy is being used with increasing frequency in the management of a widening spectrum of neurological disorders. Accurate regulation of the barbiturate dose is essential to maximize cerebral vasoconstriction and reduce brain metabolism while avoiding the cardiovascular depressant side effects of the drug. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the electroencephalogram (EEG) could be used to regulate administration of the agent. In nine mongrel dogs cerebral blood flow (CBF) was determined using the radioactive microsphere technique. After the determination of control CBF, a slow infusion of sodium thiopental was begun. CBF determinations were repeated when the periods of burst suppression in the EEG over several minutes averaged 30, 60, 120, and 240 seconds. CBF and oxygen metabolism showed a nearly identical pattern of a precipituos drop from control levels reaching a plateau at burst suppression between 30 and 60 seconds. Changes in cerebrovascular resistance were of a similar but opposite nature. Significant increases in heart rate occurred with burst suppression of 30 seconds, whereas the arterial pressure and cardiac index decreased with burst suppression between 30 and 60 seconds. In this study cerebral metabolic depression and vasoconstriction from sodium thiopental reached a plateau when sufficient barbiturate was administered to produce EEG burst suppression of between 30 and 60 seconds. At this level there was no important cardiovascular depression. Administration of additional barbiturates significantly decreased systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output, but produced no further decrement in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen or the CBF. There was no predictable relationship between cerebral metabolism or cardiovascular function and blood levels of sodium thiopental. PMID- 6782504 TI - Tuberculous brain abscess: report of a case with computed tomography correlation. AB - A 27 year-old Vietnamese male immigrant to Canada developed a hemispheric cerebellar abscess. The patient presented at the hospital with osteomyelitis of the 5th finger of the left hand. He complained of lassitude, weight loss, and early morning headache, nausea, and vomiting, and he developed a left facial weakness. A computed tomographic scan demonstrated the distinctive appearance of an abscess of the left cerebellar hemisphere. Aspiration of the abscess afforded immediate relief of obstructive hydrocephalus and provided pus from which Mycobacterium tuberculosis was grown, thus permitting specific antituberculous chemotherapy. The cerebrospinal fluid obtained at the time of operation was sterile. The patient recovered fully. A primary site of infection was not conclusively identified. PMID- 6782506 TI - Valproate-induced stomatitis. AB - Two patients treated with valproic acid developed stomatitis, which was not dose related and cleared promptly after the drug was stopped. One patient was rechallenged, and the stomatitis recurred. PMID- 6782505 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: atypical absence attacks as first symptom. AB - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was diagnosed in a 10-year-old girl who had suffered from atypical absence attacks for 3 months; diagnosis was made after 5 months of these attacks. Characteristic EEG findings included diffuse spike and wave complexes of about 2.5 Hz associated with desynchronization during the absence attacks, and recruiting rhythm during the tonic seizure. As the lesion responsible for these EEG patterns originated in the brainstem, subcortical structures were probably affected early in the disease. The SSPE complexes may have originated chiefly in the brainstem since, in this case, they were recognized even during the period of absence attacks. PMID- 6782507 TI - Naloxone and focal epilepsy: a study with depth electrodes. AB - Intravenous injections of naloxone (0.8 to 2.4 mg) were given to patients with focal epilepsy who had had electrodes implanted in cortical and subcortical structures. There were no changes in interictal spike activity, responses to electrical stimulation, of frequency of spontaneous seizures. These data do not support the hypothesis that opiate peptides are involved in human focal epilepsy. PMID- 6782508 TI - Operative surgical management of thyroid nodules and carcinoma. PMID- 6782509 TI - Indications for parenteral hyperalimentation. PMID- 6782511 TI - The question of regionalization and sharing of health services. PMID- 6782510 TI - Management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. PMID- 6782512 TI - Effects of carbon dioxide laser radiation on bone: an initial report. PMID- 6782513 TI - Computerization of the Veterans Administration Pharmacy Service. PMID- 6782514 TI - The nursing implications of postoperative pain. PMID- 6782515 TI - Progressive renal failure due to lymphomatous infiltration of kidneys: case report. PMID- 6782516 TI - Gastric bypass and gastroplasty for morbid obesity. PMID- 6782517 TI - Operations for morbid obesity: is there a place for them in military hospitals? PMID- 6782518 TI - Operative management of hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6782519 TI - [Prolactin-secreting hypophyseal tumors and pregnancy: general remarks and report of a case]. PMID- 6782520 TI - [Fluid therapy and parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6782521 TI - [Survey of health services; economics in Spain]. PMID- 6782522 TI - [Hemophilia today]. PMID- 6782523 TI - Energy-protein malnutrition and behavior. PMID- 6782524 TI - Radiologic problem of the month. Scalloped vertebrae. PMID- 6782525 TI - Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. PMID- 6782526 TI - Antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from 1975-1979. AB - During the period 1975 to 1979, 88 isolates of Neisseria meningitidis from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 28 isolates from blood, and 89 isolates from other sources were serogrouped and tested for their susceptibility to sulphadiazine, penicillin, minocycline and rifampin. Prior to 1979, isolates from CSF or blood were predominantly serogroup B. In the sample tested, the prevalence of this serogroup decreased while the prevalence of serogroup A isolates increased, until in 1979 this was the predominant serogroup. From 1975, the incidence of sulphonamide-resistance in the serogroup B isolates from CSF or blood decreased. However, all serogroup A isolates from these sources, except the first one tested, were sulphonamide-resistant. The 89 isolates from other sources remained predominantly sulphonamide-sensitive serogroup B. All isolates were sensitive to penicillin, minocycline and rifampin. PMID- 6782527 TI - How cost effective are routine preoperative investigations? AB - Eight hundred and sixty patients were preassessed for elective varicose vein and inguinal hernia surgery at Wellington Hospital ion 1975 and 1976. Eight were refused operation on the grounds that they were unfit for general anaesthesia. Forty-nine went forward to operation with no investigations. The remaining 803 underwent a total of 1792 routine radiological and laboratory tests (chest x-ray, Coulter screen and ESR, plasma urea, creatinine and electrolytes). Abnormal test results were noted in 172 patients, 63 of these being unpredicted. Apart from one death (test results normal) there was no respiratory, renal or significant wound pathology. In no case did an unexpected abnormal result alter patient management. It is suggested that there is no justification for the routine preoperative laboratory investigation of asymptomatic and clinically normal patients who are undergoing elective minor surgery. PMID- 6782528 TI - Studies in Sarcocystis species V: a species infecting dogs and goats; observations on the pathology and serology of experimental sarcocystosis in goats. PMID- 6782530 TI - [Effect of hydrogel contact lenses on the pH and carbon dioxide and oxygen content of the aqueous humor]. PMID- 6782529 TI - Protecting the unborn: Dow's experience. PMID- 6782531 TI - Inhibition of the binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz [alpha] anthracene to DNA of murine epidermal cells in culture by vitamin A and vitamin C. AB - The effects of various derivatives of vitamin A and vitamin C on the binding of (3H)DMBA to murine epidermal cells (MEC) DNA in culture has been investigated. All-trans-retinoic acid, retinol, and retinol acetate inhibit the binding of DMBA to DNA at the nontoxic doses while 13-cis-retinoic acid dose not significantly modulate the binding of the carcinogen to DNA. Vitamin C, as well as its salt, also significantly reduces the binding of DMBA to DNA. Thus, the antitumorigenic effect of vitamins A and C may also be related to their ability to inhibit the binding of active metabolites of carcinogen to cellular DNA. PMID- 6782532 TI - Epsilon aminocaproic acid in hemophiliacs undergoing dental extractions: a concise review. AB - On the basis of our review of the literature, it can be concluded that the advantages of E-A.C.A. include (1) safe execution of oral surgical procedures in persons with hemophilia of varying degrees of severity, (2) decrease or total elimination of the need for specific factor replacement therapy, (3) extremely positive cost effectiveness, and (4) reproducibility of results at different hemophilia centers. PMID- 6782533 TI - Pulp response in sound and carious teeth: a pilot study. AB - This article describes a pilot investigation in which the response of the pulps in both sound and carious rat molar teeth to traumatic exposure and treatment with three different compounds was assessed. Two of the compounds appeared to give a more favorable response in carious teeth. These results are discussed, and future experiments described. PMID- 6782534 TI - [Possibility of predicting wound suppuration based on data on the content of the antiglobulin factor, pepsin agglutinator]. PMID- 6782535 TI - [Assessment of the clinical usefulness of the preparation Mesna (Mucofluid, Mistabron) produced by UCB in treatment of certain laryngological diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782536 TI - The nutrition problem in head and neck cancer. AB - The nutritional status of the patient with cancer of the head and neck is subject to multiple stress. The nutritional status of such a patient is an admixture of the patient's personal hygiene, his or her neoplasm, the treatment of his or her neoplasm, and the complications of such treatment. It has been suggested the restoration of positive nitrogen balance through aggressive nutritional hyperalimentation will restore immunocompetence, enhance the clinical response to treatment, and reduce the frequency of complications. Despite this anecdotal data, controlled studies are needed to show that significant benefit to the patient will justify the added costs of nutritional support in terms of manpower costs, additional days of hospitalization, and increased monies spent on elemental diets. PMID- 6782537 TI - Indications for hyperalimentation in the treatment of head and neck malignancies. AB - Patients with cancer of the head and neck are often malnourished when first seen by the treating physician. Often, oncologic therapeutic techniques of surgical intervention or radiotherapy or chemotherapy (or combinations thereof) compound this poor nutritional state. Proper evaluation of the patient's nutritional status and the anticipated metabolic stress of the treatment chosen can allow the physician to select the optimal method of nutritional repletion. PMID- 6782538 TI - Parenteral nutrition in patients with head and neck cancer: techniques and results. PMID- 6782539 TI - The glucose metabolism of adult Ostertagia circumcincta, in vitro. AB - Adult Ostertagia circumcincta from freshly killed sheep were incubated at 39 degrees C in a medium containing inorganic salts, antibiotics and D-[U-14C] glucose. The worms appeared healthy even after incubation for as long as 72 h. All the radioactivity was recovered either within the worms or in the incubation vessel in the form of metabolic products or unmetabolized glucose. Incubations were carried out at low oxygen tension except for those in which CO2 was measured. These were either aerobic or anaerobic. In terms of both quantity and radioactivity the main metabolic products of glucose were CO2, propan-1-ol, acetate and propionate. Smaller amounts of ethanol, lactate and succinate were formed. The results are compared with those found for the similar nematode Haemonchus contortus. PMID- 6782540 TI - [Consumption hypocomplementemia: relation between hemolytic and immunochemical assays of C4 in serum (author's transl)]. AB - The aim of the study is to compare two methods for the measurement of the fourth human complement component through its hemolytic activity and immunodiffusion properties in 35 healthy subjects and 35 patients with immunological complement depletion. For the healthy subjects, the results show a highly significant correlation between the two methods (the coefficient of correlation is + 0.80). On the contrary, there is no correlation between the two assays for the patients suffering from consumption hypocomplementemia. The reasons of this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6782541 TI - Pharmacologic advances in seizure control. PMID- 6782542 TI - Clinical pharmacology of drugs used for asthma. PMID- 6782543 TI - High milk lipase activity associated with breast milk jaundice. AB - Human milk samples that inhibit bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDPGT) activity in vitro have been associated with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in newborn infants. We measured the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (total and individual fatty acids), total fat and protein, and lipase activities (with and without bile salt stimulation) in milk samples from two groups of women. Women whose infants had prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and whose milk inhibited the activity of UDPGT were in the first group (N = 9). Volunteers with healthy infants acted as controls. Inhibitory milk contained significantly more nonesterified fatty acids (total, palmitic, and oleic) than did controls. Fat and protein concentrations and bile salt-stimulated lipase activities were similar in the two groups. Unstimulated lipase activity was higher in the inhibitory milks (11.9 +/- 0.8 mM x min-1 x ml 1) than in the controls (6.0 +/- 0.1 mM x min-1 x ml-1) (P less than 0.01). The specific activity (mM x min-1 x mg protein) of unstimulated lipase was also significantly higher in the inhibitory milks (P less than 0.0001). The high nonesterified fatty acid levels in inhibitory milks is accounted for by the elevated unstimulated lipase activities. How these circumstances lead to jaundice in the infants remains to be shown. PMID- 6782544 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase activity in amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 6782545 TI - Influence of cystic fibrosis plasma on lymphocyte responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with advanced diseases do not proliferate following exposure to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) antigen sin in vitro. In this study, we sought to determine if CF lymphocyte unresponsiveness to PA is due to inhibitory factors present in CF plasma. Nineteen low-responder CF (LRCF) patients increased their mean lymphocyte proliferative response (l3H]thymidine incorporation) from 703 +/- 133 to 3178 +/- 811 net cpm when incubated in normal plasma. These increase do not reach the level of response seen in normal individuals (8510 +/- 1323 net cpm). Ten of 19 patients did not increase their responses over 2000 net cpm. Plasma from LRCF patients does not inhibit responses of normal or homologous CF lymphocytes. Responses of normal individual in autologous plasma were 7807 +/- 1164 net cpm. Th same lymphocytes incubated in 16 plasmas from LRCF patients gave responses of 7146 +/- 1317 net cpm. Preincubation of the PA antigen in LRCF plasma increases rather than inhibits normal lymphocyte responses. LRCF plasma absorbed with PA no longer supports normal lymphocyte responses to PA. LRCF and normal plasma mixtures increase responses of normal lymphocytes to PA over responses in autologous plasma. Extensive preincubation and washing of LRCF lymphocytes to eliminate blocking immune complexes failed to restore the ability to respond to PA. These data suggest that the unresponsiveness to PA of lymphocytes from CF patients with advanced disease is due to alterations occurring at a cellular level in vivo. This lymphocyte dysfunction cannot be reversed by normal plasma in vitro, nor can it be induced in normal lymphocytes by the use of CF plasma. PMID- 6782547 TI - Cerebrovascular resistance in ischemia. AB - The cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) of rat, and its dependence on stagnant blood or endothelial capillary swelling, was studied after 10 min of total ischemia by 10 s single carotid infusion of [14C]butanol in saline. The regional saline flow (CPR) was calculated from the uptake of [14 C]butanol. CVR was estimated at infusion pressures ranging from 8--25 kPa (60--190 mm Hg). At 14.7 kPa (110 mm Hg) infusion pressure, the regional CVR of the non-ischemic group varied between 0.21 and 0.40 kPa 100 g min ml-1. After 10 min of complete global cerebral ischemia, it increased to values between 0.82 and 1.95. Removal of blood from the brain by rinsing prior to ischemia did not change the CVR in ischemia. Increasing the plasma osmolality by 8% with mannitol before ischemia attenuated the CVR increase in ischemia. Thus, although osmotic swelling of endothelial cells contributed, the main cause of the CVR increase in ischemia was constriction of arterioles. PMID- 6782546 TI - Ionophore A23187 induced reductions in toad urinary bladder epithelial cell oxidative phosphorylation and viability: implications for A23187 related declines in epithelial active transport. AB - The divalent cation ionophore A23187 increased oxygen consumption by isolated epithelial cells from toad urinary bladder, and increase similar to that seen with 2,4-dinitrophenol, a classic uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. This respiratory stimulation was not seen in calcium-free incubation media. That this A23187 induced rise in cell oxygen consumption was due to a primary uncoupling action on mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rather than secondary to stimulation of cellular transport processes and mediated via increased cellular ADP levels was suggested by the ability of A23187 to release the inhibition of cellular respiration by oligomycin, an inhibitor of the mitochondrial proton ATPase which blocks the stimulation of mitochondrial respiration by ADP. Since active transepithelial ion transport and cellular energy production are closely linked processes, the uncoupling action of A23187 in the presence of extracellular calcium is sufficient to account for an acute decline in active ion transport across epithelia without invoking other calcium mediated processes. Furthermore, isolated epithelial cells exposed to A23187 for 90 min had greater than 50% loss of viability, as measured by failure of Trypan blue exclusion. The subacute A23187 induced declines in transepithelial transport, therefore, may be secondary to its non-specific effects on cell viability. PMID- 6782548 TI - [Radiation therapy of orbital inflammatory lymphoid pseudotumor]. PMID- 6782549 TI - [Clinical and biological studies of an hybrid S/Stanleyville II hemoglobin (alpha 2 78 Asn replaced by Lys beta 2 6 Glu replaced by Val) (author's transl)]. AB - A report of a doubly heterozygous case for both haemoglobins: Hb Stanleyville II (alpha 78 replaced by Lys) and Hb S (beta 6 Glu replaced by Val) with Hb hybrid S/St II. A 29-year-old woman from Zaire was found to have four haemoglobins: Hb A, Hb Stanleyville II, Hb S and Hb hybrid S/St II. The clinical and hematological effects of this combination were similar to those of heterozygous sickle cell anaemia. Substitution of Lysin for Asparagin at residue alpha 78 reduced the tendency to polymerization and increased mechanical stability. These findings demonstrated involvement of this site in intermolecular interactions and explained the moderate severity of the sickle cell anaemia syndrome. PMID- 6782550 TI - [Liver toxicity of androgen therapy in aplastic anemia]. AB - In a prospective group study, 254 cases of aplastic anemia treated with a high dose of androgens were followed a minimum of 4 months and up to 8 years. Damage to the liver was evaluated by the appearance of jaundice or abnormal liver function tests; these parameters were evaluated at least every 3 months. Of these patients, 17.3% had overt jaundice and 18.2% abnormal hepatic function tets (total 35.5%). The anomalies appeared rapidly, before month 4 for 50% of the patients and before month 10 for 80%. They were more frequent in men than in women or children, but not linked with previous biological abnormalities. Nor did frequency depend on whether C17 methyl androgen or C17 ethyl androgen was used. Associated corticosteroids offered no protection. None of the patients showed severe jaundice or cirrhosis. If the treatment was stopped, readministration led to relapse of the jaundice in only one-third of the cases. Only two patients in this series revealed a nonmalignant tumor of the liver. Therefore, this complication does not seem to suggest restriction in the use of androgens at high dosage and for long periods, considering the severity of aplastic anemia. PMID- 6782551 TI - Studies on the inhibition of highly purified calf thymus 8S and 7.3S DNA polymerase alpha by aphidicolin. AB - On activated DNA aphidicolin competitively inhibits the incorporation of dCMP by both calf thymus DNA polymerase alpha A2 and C enzymes and inhibits the incorporation of the other three deoxynucleoside monophosphates apparently non competitively. However, aphidicolin does not inhibit the incorporation of dAMP into poly(dT) . oligo(A)10 nor does it inhibit the incorporation of dGMP into poly(dC) . oligo(dG)10, but, it does competitively inhibit the incorporation of dTMP into poly(dA) . oligo(dT)10. PMID- 6782552 TI - Methylated regions of hamster mitochondrial ribosomal RNA: structural and functional correlates. AB - The positions of post-transcriptionally methylated residues within hamster mitochondrial ribosomal RNA have been established. Comparisons with other mitochondrial rRNA, and with bacterial, eucaryotic and chloroplast rRNA show that the methylated regions i) are comprised of conserved primary sequences and/or secondary structures and ii) are situated at the subunit interface of the ribosome. The comparative analyses also reveal that the ribose-methylated sequence UmGmU of hamster mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (LSU1) RNA lies in a universally conserved hairpin loop which contains a putative puromycin reactive nucleotide. The "UmGmU hairpin" is within 100 nucleotides of two chloramphenicol-resistance residues of LSU RNA. We present a secondary structure for this region which is conserved in LSU RNAs. This structure allows physical juxtaposition of the three antibiotic-interacting loci and thus defines RNA components of the ribosomal-binding site for the 3'-terminus of aminoacyl-tRNA. PMID- 6782554 TI - Aspects of infection control in the community. PMID- 6782553 TI - Renaturation of DNA: a novel reaction of histones. AB - Histones isolated from several sources, either singly or in combination promote the renaturation of complementary single strands of DNA, as measured by the acquisition of resistance to S1 nuclease. The reaction is rapid (T1/2 less than 1 min), and is stoichiometric rather than catalytic. Renaturation is stimulated by Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, but is strongly inhibited by Zn2+. Crude extracts of early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster possess renaturation activity which is protease sensitive, heat-stable, and acid-soluble, suggesting that most or all of it can be attributed to histones. This observation thus provides a functional assay for histones that should prove useful in studies of chromatin and histone DNA interactions, as well as for the identification and isolation of histones and histone-like proteins in crude extracts. PMID- 6782555 TI - RHHI research unit: a home for life. PMID- 6782556 TI - The non-hospitalized tube-fed patient. PMID- 6782557 TI - [Ultrasonocardiographic evaluation of the nitroglycerin effect on left ventricular size and myocardial contractility in coronary disease]. PMID- 6782559 TI - [Role of arginine residues in the biological function of peptides and proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782558 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of diuretics with special reference to furosemide and ethacrynic acid]. PMID- 6782560 TI - [Glyoxalase enzyme system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782561 TI - [Structure and function of luliberin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782562 TI - [Theophylline therapy in obstructive respiratory diseases. 2. Theophyllin-retard preparations for the long-term treatment of non-smokers with or without cardiac insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782563 TI - [Maintenance of normoglycemia in diabetics with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a real therapeutical need? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782564 TI - [Asymptomatic renal tuberculosis among pulmonary tuberculosis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782565 TI - Effects of selenium on chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6782566 TI - [Practical value of serological reactions in determining tuberculosis activity in children]. PMID- 6782567 TI - [Characteristics of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6782568 TI - Detection of cell-associated aminoterminal procollagen peptidase activity in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6782569 TI - Influence of protein--calorie malnutrition on the circadian rhythm of pineal melatonin in the rat. PMID- 6782570 TI - Excitation of afferent cardiac sympathetic nerves is modulated by nitroglycerin. PMID- 6782571 TI - Lactate consumption by hepatocytes in monolayer culture. PMID- 6782572 TI - [Evaluation of nursing care: will it bring about change?]. PMID- 6782573 TI - [Role and identity of the nurse: notes and thoughts of Florence Nightingale]. PMID- 6782574 TI - [The essence of nursing in an age of technology]. PMID- 6782575 TI - [Organization of nursing services in the emergency department]. PMID- 6782576 TI - [Quality control in nursing care based on a review of data]. PMID- 6782577 TI - [Master's education and practice in the school for Professional Nursing of the province of Brescia]. PMID- 6782578 TI - [Quality control of nursing care in hospitals at the time of its performance]. PMID- 6782579 TI - [Definition of the social dimension of the professional personality of the nurse: empirical study in a Lombardi area]. PMID- 6782580 TI - [Understanding and satisfying the needs of the hospitalized child]. PMID- 6782581 TI - [Nursing staff attitude in 6 hospitals of the provinces of Bolzano and Verona, concerning joining the trade union]. PMID- 6782582 TI - [Mastery learning]. PMID- 6782583 TI - [The Swedish health service: education and role of the nursing personnel]. PMID- 6782584 TI - Plasma dose-response studies with noradrenaline and adrenaline in man. AB - Graded infusions of noradrenaline (n = 25) and adrenaline (n = 30) were performed in normal human subjects. Plasma noradrenaline thresholds for biologic effects were 1,500-2,000 pg/ml, higher than levels achieved under common physiologic conditions. Thus, noradrenaline functions primarily as a sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitter although it may also function as a hormone in some physiologic and many pathophysiologic states. Plasma adrenaline thresholds were lower - approximately 100 pg/ml for cardiac chronotropic, systolic pressor and lipolytic effects, 150-200 pg/ml for hyperglycemic, glycolytic, ketogenic and diastolic depressor effects and greater than 400 pg/ml for suppression of insulin secretion. Since these levels lie within the physiologic range, adrenaline is likely to be a biologically important regulatory hormone. Further, noradrenaline and adrenaline were found to accelerate their own plasma metabolic clearance rates. PMID- 6782585 TI - Vaccination trials against S. mansoni and T. cruzi in experimental animals. PMID- 6782586 TI - Immunization against intracellular blood protozoans of cattle. PMID- 6782587 TI - Effects of branched-chain fatty acids on GABA-degradation and behavior: further evidence for a role of GABA in quasi-morphine abstinence behavior. AB - An increase in GABA-ergic activity has been implicated in the initiation of quasi morphine abstinence behavior by di-n-propylacetate (DPA). Two structural analogues of DPA, namely, the branched-chain-fatty acid 2-methyl, 2-ethylcaproic acid and 2,2-dimethylvaleric acid have now been used to study this relationship between behavioral and biochemical effects. A correlation appeared to exist between the K1 of these compounds for succinic semi-aldehyde dehydrogenase, the second enzyme in the degradation of GABA, and the doses exerting a maximum effect on behavior. On the other hand concurrent inhibition of GABA-transaminase seemed to suppress the behavioral effects of the fatty acids. This apparent paradox can possibly be explained by supposing a different action of the fatty acids in distinct compartments of the brain, suggesting an important role for increased GABA-ergic activity in the neuronal compartment in the initiation of the quasi morphine abstinence behavior. PMID- 6782588 TI - Effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopa on behavior in female rats. AB - Litters of female rats were treated at birth and 48 hr later with either saline or 6-hydroxydopa (60 microgram/g, IP), were ovariectomized in adulthood and tested on a number of behavioral tasks including age of vaginal opening, sexual receptivity, open-field activity, equilibrium, and habituation to acoustic startle. Results of the open-field test indicated that the treated animals were more active overall, were more likely to enter inner segments, reared more often, and defecated less than the control animals. On a rod-balancing task, the treated animals exhibited impaired equilibrium. Treated animals were more reactive than controls in response to acoustic startle, but there were no differences between the groups in rate of habituation or sensitization to the startle stimulus. Norepinephrine content of treated animals was significantly lower than controls in the cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and spinal cord, but higher in the cerebellum and brainstem. There was no difference between the groups in cardiac norepinephrine nor in striatal dopamine. PMID- 6782589 TI - Effects of alkyl analogues of histamine and metiamide on the isolated guinea pig heart. AB - The effects of some substitutions in position 5(4) of the imidazole ring in the histamine and metiamide molecule were studied by means of isolated heart preparations from the guinea pig (atria and papillary muscle). Among the histamine analogues 5-methyl and 5-ethyl histamine were found to possess approximately the same intrinsic activity as histamine whereas 5 isopropylhistamine was shown to be absolutely inactive. Among the metiamide analogues the 5-ethyl derivative (etiamide) was found less effective than the parent substance but showed the same kind of competitive antagonism; the isopropyl derivative (isopropiamide) was found to be inactive up to a concentration of 3 X 10(-5) mol/l and to exert a non-competitive antagonism with 3 X 10(-4) mol/l. On the whole the atria and the papillary muscle preparations behaved quite similarly in regard to both the agonistic and the antagonistic compounds. PMID- 6782591 TI - The digestive tract after 7 days of restraining conditions in normal and adrenalectomized rats. AB - Hypokinesia produced specific reactions in tissues related to motion (bones, skeletal muscles and myocardium) and nonspecific in others, as that of the digestive tract after 7 days of hypokinesia. A decreased content of glycoproteins from mucous salivary glands, stomach, small intestine and colon, and an increased intestinal content of leucine-aminopeptidase and acid and alkaline phosphatase were found as a result of histochemical reactions. An important plasmatic corticosterone increase was also found. The same histochemical modifications appeared in adrenalectomized rats in which the plasma corticosterone was substantially diminished. Therefore these glycoproteins and enzymatic secretions are not dependent on the glucocorticoid response. PMID- 6782590 TI - On the role of GABA in vertebrate polyamine metabolism. AB - 4-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrate brain, is formed not only by decarboxylation of glutamic acid but also directly from putrescine. Two pathways can be shown to operate in vertebrates: oxidative deamination by diamine oxidase and transformation of putrescine into monoacetylputrescine with subsequent oxidative deamination of this intermediate by monoamine oxidase. Monoacetylation and oxidation degradation of the acetyl derivatives is most probably a common pathway of the polyamines. The formation of spermic acid and putreanine from spermine and spermidine, respectively, seems analogous to the reaction of putrescine with diamine oxidase. Apart from metabolic transformation of the polyamines to GABA, there are indirect interrelations with potential regulatory functions. A variety of agents able to influence brain GABA metabolism induce changes of the activity of the decarboxylases involved in polyamine metabolism and alterations of cerebral putrescine concentrations. These interrelations could be important in the control of local cerebral protein metabolism. The excessive transformation of putrescine to GABA in early neural development suggests a role in cellular differentiation. PMID- 6782592 TI - Digestive tract of rats after hypokinesia and hypergravitation. AB - We found in rats submitted to a 7 days interval of hypokinesia a decreased glycoprotein content in salivary mucous glands, gastric and intestinal mucosa, an increased glycoprotein content and an increased content of leucine aminopeptidase, acid and alkaline phosphatase. Similar changes were found after a short interval of centrifugation (+6 Gz, 10 min). These nonspecific responses were more accentuated if the hypergravitation was performed after 7 days of hypokinesia. We reproduced this way this events that occurred in space flight and deacceleration before landing. PMID- 6782593 TI - [Electrographic and vectorcardiographic aspects in the initial forces of the QRS complex in the left anterior fascicular block (left anterior hemiblock)]. PMID- 6782594 TI - [Phonocardiographic alterations in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6782595 TI - Precordial thump in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (electrophysiologic considerations). AB - Precordial thump is considered a useful manoeuver in cardiac arrest and ventricular tachycardia. On ecg recordings we have observed that the precordial thump has always been followed by an atrial or ventricular depolarization (premature beats), which is responsible for the cardiac electric activity enhancement and for the interruption of reentrant mechanism in ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias. PMID- 6782596 TI - Oligoelements in dog's chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis through dimethylnitrosamine. AB - By the emission spectrographic analysis, we have searched the following oligoelements: Mn, Cd, Cu, Be, Cr, Ge, Nb, Ga, Zr, W, Pb, Sn, As, Zn, Ag, Sb, Ni, Bi, Co, Mo, and V, in the aortic arterial blood, in the caval, portal and suprahepatic vein blood, in ascite and in the bile, in control and in intoxicated dogs with dimethylnitrosamine (DMNA). Be, Ge, Nb, Ga, W, As, Sb were never found. Increased values of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Ni, Co, Mo and V were noticed. The differences between the values obtained at intoxicated dogs against the control dogs were sometimes clear; at other times they were equal. This is the case of Ag in the aortic and suprahepatic vein blood and in the bile. In the portal vein blood Zn exceeds almost two times the values obtained in the intoxicated dogs. Also in the portal vein blood, Mo is almost three times more in the control dogs than in the intoxicated ones. But, generally, the values of the controls are below those found by the intoxicated dogs. PMID- 6782597 TI - Inferences derived from electroencephalographic responses to acute administration of clomiphene citrate in male albino rats. PMID- 6782598 TI - The periodic health examination. PMID- 6782599 TI - Lithium therapy and thyroid function: a long-term study. AB - Seventy-three patients who had been continuously receiving lithium carbonate for 6 months or more had their thyroid function evaluated clinically and biochemically. Goitre was found in 37%, exophthalmos in 23%, positive thyroid auto-antibodies in 24% and abnormal TRH tests in 49%. It would appear that thyroid failure due to lithium is usually dependent on antibody mediated damage. It is unlikely that lithium has a direct effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 6782600 TI - Cigarette smoking in rhesus monkeys. AB - In the present pilot study, an attempt was made to shape and maintain cigarette smoking behavior in rhesus monkeys both with and without the simultaneous use of other reinforcers. Initially, 14 monkeys were trained to suck air and puff on cigarettes using sweetened liquid reinforcer. After smoking had been established, the sweetened liquid reinforcement was removed. Smoking without this reinforcement, referred to as 'voluntary smoking,' was then observed during 20-h daily sessions. Of 14 monkeys studied, 2 have engaged in voluntary smoking for 2 years or longer. The maximum figures recorded for any single 20-h session were 3,271 puffs (20 cigarettes) in one monkey and 16,384 puffs (47 cigarettes) in the other. Although the baseline variability of smoking by these monkeys was quite high, low-nicotine and nicotine-free cigarettes seemed to lead to clear decreases in smoking. In 2 other monkeys that did not perform voluntary smoking, smoking was reestablished under a random-time or a tandem schedule for sweetened liquid reinforcement. Within this situation ('schedule-controlled smoking') schedule manipulations also led to changes in intake of cigarette smoke. The voluntary smoking model described in the present paper should be useful for studying the factors involved in initiating and maintaining smoking behavior and for studying the psychopharmacological effects of smoking, while the schedule-controlled smoking model should be useful for studying the physiological effects of smoking and for studying th relationship of smoking with various disease entities. PMID- 6782601 TI - Effect of lithium on prolactin responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone in patients with manic state. AB - The plasma thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were studied before and during lithium treatment for 3-4 weeks in 6 patients with manic states and 8 control subjects. The plasma TSH responses to TRH were not different between the two groups before lithium treatment. Lithium administration did not alter non-stimulated secretion of TSH in any groups, but resulted in exaggerated responses of plasma TSH to TRH in both groups. No difference between two groups was observed in plasma TSH responses to TRH. The basal plasma PRL concentration did not differ between the two groups and was not affected by lithium administration to either group. The plasma PRL responses to TRH in female subjects were greater than those in male subjects. In females, the plasma PRL responses to TRH in manic patients were significantly higher than those in control subjects before the treatment. Lithium administration caused enhanced responses to TRH in patients when compared to pretreatment levels, but not in control subjects. Although the small number of male subjects limits conclusions, pretreatment plasma PRL responses to TRH in male manic patients were apparently greater than those in control subjects. However, lithium administration appeared not to affect the responses of plasma PRL to TRH in manic patients when compared to pretreatment levels. The augmented responses of plasma PRL to TRH in patients with manic states suggest the existence of some abnormality in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. Thus, the effect of the anti-manic agent on PRL secretion in manic patients may suggest the mechanism by which the drug affects manic symptoms. PMID- 6782602 TI - Effects of scopolamine, pilocarpine, and oxotremorine on the exploratory behavior of two psychogenetically selected lines of rats in a complex maze. AB - Rats of two psychogenetically selected lines received pretest IP injections of scopolamine hydrobromide (0.25, 1.0, or 4.0 mg/kg), pilocarpine hydrochloride (3.0, 6.0, or 12.0 mg/kg) or oxotremorine sesquifumarate (0.2, 0.4 or 0.8 mg/kg) and were subsequently placed in a complex enclosed maze of the Dashiell type that included a small, central, illuminated arena. Animals receiving pilocarpine or oxotremorine injections were pretreated with methscopolamine to counter the peripheral actions of these muscarinic cholinergic agonists. Following vehicle injections, Roman High-Avoidance rats (RHA/Verh) were significantly more active, explored more maze sectors, and required less time to activate the initial 24 different photocell units uniformly distributed throughout the maze than Roman Low-Avoidance rats (RLA/Verh). Scopolamine, pilocarpine, and oxotremorine depressed locomotor activity, reduced the explored area, and increased the time required to activate the initial 24 different photocell units within this complex maze for both RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh rats. Although the doses of scopolamine injected were approximately equally effective in both rat lines (except for total maze activity), the RHA/Verh rats exhibited significant alterations in several measures of maze patrolling after treatment with the lowest dose of pilocarpine, whereas the RLA/Verh rats did not. In contrast, most of the RLA/Verh rats exhibited very pronounced tremors following treatment with the highest dose of oxotremorine, but none of the RHA/Verh rats did. These results demonstrate that manipulation of the central cholinergic system with scopolamine, pilocarpine, or oxotremorine, despite their different pharmacological mechanisms, impair maze patrolling. Furthermore, the results suggest that the two psychogenetically bred lines of rats investigated are differentially sensitive to central cholinergic manipulation with the muscarinic receptor agonists pilocarpine and oxotremorine. PMID- 6782603 TI - Brain muscarinic cholinergic receptor binding in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats. AB - This experiment sought to determine whether the behavioral differences between the Roman high-(RHA/Verh) and low-avoidance (RLA/Verh) lines of rats could be related to differences in the number and/or affinity of brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors. The binding of the specific muscarinic antagonist 3H quinuclidinyl benzilate to crude membrane preparations from the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum was determined. There were no significant differences between the two rat lines for the number of muscarinic binding sites (Bmax) or the apparent dissociation constant (KD) as determined by Scatchard analysis of the saturation isotherms. These data indicate that the behavioral differences between RHA/Verh and RLA/Verh rats cannot be accounted for by differences in the number or affinity of brain muscarinic cholinergic receptors. PMID- 6782604 TI - Temporal and environmental cues in conditioned hypothermia and hyperthermia associated with morphine. AB - The effectiveness of temporal and environmental cues in eliciting conditioned hypothermia and hyperthermia was studied in male Wistar rats using as an unconditioned stimulus an IP injection of 20 mg/kg of morphine sulfate. The relevance of temporal stimuli was minimized in Experiment 1 by administering morphine at irregular times on alternate days. For one group (Cond) morphine injections were preceded and followed by periods in distinctive environments. Group Pseudo animals, though exposed to the environments, received morphine on the intervening days in the home cage; group Saline received only saline. All animals receiving morphine showed a non-specific hypothermia when not under the direct influence of morphine. A "conditioned hyperthermia" was evident in group Cond animals in the distinctive environments. In Experiment 2, in which animals remained in their home cages at all times, the relevance of temporal cues was emphasized by administering morphine at exactly 24 h intervals. These animals became hypothermic only around the time of the expected injection. Animals in another group that received morphine at irregular times showed the non-specific hypothermia seen previously. There was no evidence for a conditioned hyperthermia in this second experiment. PMID- 6782606 TI - Dose effects of secobarbital in a Sternberg memory scanning task. AB - Mean reaction times obtained in a Sternberg memory-scanning task were examined for the effects of secobarbital at two doses (1.47 mg/kg and 2.94 mg/kg) spanning the dose range commonly used in clinical practice. Both doses slowed reaction time significantly, with a more pronounced effect at the higher dose. The discriminability of the probe stimulus interacted with the barbiturate, producing a hyperadditive effect on reaction time, but only at the high dose. There were no other significant interaction effects involving the drug. These data are interpreted as additional support for an hypothesis localizing the effects of secobarbital to stimulus-encoding stages in the reaction process. PMID- 6782605 TI - Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid dopamine metabolites following physostigmine infusion. AB - The effect of IV physostigmine administration on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of homovanillic acid (HVA) and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in normal subjects was determined. After an adjustment for differing CSF concentrations of probenecid, physostigmine was found to elevate CSF HVA and DOPAC concentrations. The authors discuss these changes in CSF HVA and DOPAC and their possible relationship to the ability of physostigmine to decrease the symptoms of some patients with tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6782607 TI - An involvement of dopamine in higher order choice mechanisms in the monkey. AB - Low doses of amphetamine induce choice perseveration in an object discrimination task under conditions where such perseveration either increases or decreases the number of rewards obtained as compared to chance performance. Neither stereotyped motor actions nor repetitive choice of position contributed to this effect which could be blocked by pre-treatment with the neuroleptic haloperidol. These results demonstrate that higher order choice mechanisms may involve dopamine systems in the primate. PMID- 6782608 TI - Discriminative response control by naloxone in morphine pretreated rats. AB - In an operant procedure using a lever press response 12 male, hooded rats were trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg naloxone from a saline injection. On certain days, according to a counterbalanced training schedule, naloxone was administered 8 h after 40 mg/kg morphine and 10 min prior to a trail in which food was available on an FR10 schedule from one of two levers in a dual lever operant chamber. On other days saline was administered 10 min prior to a trial in which food was made available by pressing the other lever. After criterion performance for acquisition of the discrimination had been reached, tests were carried out to determine its nature. Discrimination of naloxone was dose-dependent and was significantly diminished when naloxone was administered 36 h after morphine. Partial generalization of cyclazocine with naloxone was observed. Spontaneous withdrawal from morphine, tested during trials preceeded by an injection of saline instead of naloxone at various time intervals after morphine, did not generalize with the naloxone discriminative stimulus. PMID- 6782609 TI - Effect of piracetam on EEG spectra of boys with learning disorders. AB - Piracetam was compared with placebo in a double-blind cross-over study of 30 learning disabled boys. Power spectral analyses revealed that piracetam caused a decrease in the amount of delta activity and an increase in the average EEG frequency. This result is in agreement with those obtained by other workers in adult patients. Some clinical effects of piracetam may be mediated by increased alertness and/or decreased fatigue. PMID- 6782610 TI - The effect of amygdala kindling on spontaneous and cocaine-induced motor activity and lidocaine seizures. AB - Interactions of amygdala kindling and drug effects were explored in two experiments. Pretreatment with cocaine (40 mg/kg, IP) for 10 days did not significantly affect the rate of amygdala kindling compared to saline or non kindled controls. In contrast, daily amygdala kindling with 200 microA for 0.5 s for 20 days substantially altered subsequent behavioral responses in a long lasting fashion. Animals showed decreased spontaneous vertical rearing activity, as well as decreased cocaine-induced vertical activity. In contrast, they were more reactive to the direct dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. Eighteen days following completion of amygdala kindling, kindled animals were more sensitive to lidocaine-induced convulsions; 88% of kindled animals, but only 24% of the implanted sham-stimulated controls, had seizures. These data suggest that amygdala kindling may produce long-lasting changes in selected spontaneous and drug-induced behaviors, as well as convulsive thresholds. Possible physiological and neurological changes underlying this altered responsivity are discussed. PMID- 6782611 TI - Effects of acute or chronic administration of low doses of a dopamine agonist on drinking and locomotor activity in the rat. AB - Low doses of piribedil (0.25-5.0 mg/kg) administered acutely produced reliable decrements in locomotor activity in thirsty and non-thirsty animals, the greatest effect occurring at the highest dose. A sequence of ten daily injections of piribedil produced indications of the development of tolerance, at the two highest doses (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg) in thirsty animals. The smallest doses used, given either acutely or chronically, produced a weak enhancement of drinking behaviour within the first 15 min of a drinking test, as shown by a reduction in latency to drink and an increase in the amount of water consumption. Tolerance did develop with respect to drinking behaviour; animals treated chronically with piribedil displayed higher levels of drinking at several dose levels when compared with acutely treated subjects. The tolerance displayed at the two highest doses could have a close affinity with that shown with regard to locomotor activity. PMID- 6782612 TI - Renal side effects of lithium: the importance of the serum lithium level. AB - Patients given long-term treatment with lithium often develop an impairment of renal water reabsorption which may lead to clinically significant adverse reactions. A convenient measure of this impairment may be obtained using the ratio of urine volume (V) divided by lithium clearance (CLi). When data from a large group of patients were recalculated, this ratio showed a statistically significant correlation with the serum lithium level. This finding supports the suggestion that patients might advantageously be maintained at lower serum levels than those commonly employed. PMID- 6782614 TI - Effects of morphine and nalorphine on kainic acid-induced hypothermia in rats. AB - Intraventricular administration of kainic acid at the dose of 0.1 microgram induces a significant depression of rectal temperature followed rapidly by its slight elevation. Morphine (40.0 mg.kg-1 IP), which by itself elicited biphasic effect on the body temperature of rats--initially hypothermia followed by hyperthermia--slightly increased the kainic acid-induced hypothermia. Kainic acid did not cause any changes in the hyperthermic effect of low doses of morphine (10.0 mg.kg-1). Pretreatment of rats with nalorphine enhanced the kainic acid induced hypothermia. On the contrary, nalorphine reversed the hypothermic effect produced by morphine at the dose of 40.0 mg.kg-1. The results suggest that morphine and kainic acid-induced hypothermia are not mediated by the influence on the same type of receptors. PMID- 6782613 TI - Biochemical and behavioral effects of acute ethanol in rats at different environmental temperatures. AB - The role of ethanol-induced hypothermia on some selected biochemical and behavioral parameters was evaluated. Rats were kept from 1 h before to 1 h after injection (saline or ethanol 2 g/kg, 20% solution IP) in an environment chamber at either 22 degrees C or 35 degrees C, and then tested behaviorally or sacrificed. Exposure of rats to a warm environment (35 degrees C) prevented the ethanol-induced hypothermia found in rats kept at 22 degrees C. Ethanol-treated rats kept at 35 degrees C had an attenuated increase in levels of free fatty acids and of corticosterone in plasma, suggesting that part of the ethanol induced response may result from hypothermia rather than from ethanol itself. In addition, tyrosine levels were unexpectedly increased by 18% in intoxicated animals kept at 35 degrees C. By contrast, gross motor activity tested 1 h after injection was depressed more in animals kept at 35 degrees C than in those kept at 22 degrees C, and swim performance was impaired more at 5-20 min after treatment in animals not showing hypothermia. The greater behavioral impairment was not due to any debilitating effects of the warm environment since the saline control animals showed comparable activity to that of rats kept at 22 degrees C. We conclude that ethanol-induced hypothermia may influence and interact with other actions of ethanol. PMID- 6782615 TI - Drug-induced stimulus control and the concept of breaking point: LSD and quipazine. AB - Discriminative stimulus control was established in rats (N = 12) with LSD (100 microgram/kg) and saline using a two-lever response choice task and an FR10 schedule of water reinforcement. Subjects were then tested once per week with either LSD or quipazine (3 mg/kg) and every other week the test ratio was doubled, i.e., each drug was tested at ratios of 10, 20, 40, and 80. In contrast with LSD, which maintained stimulus control at all ratios, LSD-appropriate responding following quipazine declined significantly at FR80. In addition, five of eight subjects tested with quipazine failed to complete the FR80 in 15 min. In subsequent experiments, the breaking point, here defined as the number of LSD appropriate responses prior to emission of ten responses on the saline appropriate lever, was determined for LSD and for quipazine. Mean values (N = 12) for LSD and quipazine were 161 +/- 28 and 65 +/- 19, respectively. PMID- 6782616 TI - Radiosensitization of hypoxic bacterial cells by nitroimidazoles of low lipophilicity: steady-state and rapid-mix studies. PMID- 6782617 TI - [Hematologic and clinical side effects of a single half-body irradiation]. PMID- 6782618 TI - Disease states affecting both liver and bone. AB - The skeletal system may be profoundly affected by chronic liver disease, resulting in a variety of conditions that may include osteomalacia, osteoporosis, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, and osteonecrosis. Additionally, many diseases, including glycogen storage disease, Gaucher's disease, and hypervitaminosis A, cause concomitant changes in both liver and bone. PMID- 6782620 TI - [Some properties and roles of microsomal membrane-bound neutral proteases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782619 TI - [Diverticulosis of the small bowel with diverticulitis (author's transl)]. AB - Case report of diverticulosis of the small bowel complicated by diverticulitis. Radiography is the method of choice to demonstrate this finding preoperatively. This entity should be included in the differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain. PMID- 6782621 TI - The interactions between indomethacin and cytotoxic drugs in mice bearing B-16 melanomas. AB - We have compared the effects of indomethacin alone (100 microgram/mouse/day) with those of indomethacin plus adriamycin, 5-FU, nitrogen mustard, thioTEPA, and vincristine on B-16 tumor cell proliferation in vivo. As we have previously described, after four days of treatment with indomethacin, subcutaneous tumors were slightly smaller and lighter in weight, but contained more melanoma cells. Addition of indomethacin to cytotoxic regimens resulted in either no change or a decrease in the effectiveness of the chemotherapy. In previous studies we demonstrated that treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a long-acting synthetic analogue of PGE2 (di-M-PGE2) stimulated the synthesis of endogenous prostaglandins. In order to evaluate if these endogenously synthesized prostaglandins were responsible for the inhibition of B-16 growth in vivo, mice were treated with di-M-PGE2 or di-M-PGE2 plus indomethacin. Addition of indomethacin did not alter the tumor inhibitory effects of di-M-PGE2. PMID- 6782622 TI - Prostaglandin production by human blood monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages: synthesis dependent on in vitro culture conditions. AB - The pattern of prostaglandin synthetase products from human peripheral blood monocytes was examined. Thromboxane and prostaglandin E were found to be the major products released by monocytes/macrophages on day one of culture following cell adherence. If these cells were studied 24h after cell adherence had occurred, then thromboxane synthesis was noted to be markedly reduced and PGE was the major secretory product. A day one type pattern, i.e. high thromboxane, high PGE could be elicited from day two cultured cells if cell adherence was delayed until day two of culture. Inflammatory stimuli caused a consistent rise in PGE release from day one and day two cultures, no consistent change in thromboxane was observed. It is suggested that activation of the thromboxane synthetase pathway in monocytes and macrophages is primarily a consequence of cell adherence. Prostaglandin E and prostacyclin (PGI) appear to be the major products released in response to inflammatory stimuli. These data demonstrate that the pattern and sequence of prostaglandins synthesized are in part a function of the in vitro culture conditions, time in culture and the species studied. Further, these findings offer a possible explanation to the discrepant reports in the literature. PMID- 6782623 TI - [Acute form of Chagas' disease in Brazil]. PMID- 6782624 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in pediatrics. III. Casuistics]. PMID- 6782625 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6782626 TI - [Hypomagnesemia in oligoanuric acute renal failure treated by parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6782627 TI - [Polygraphic study during hyperpnea tests in elderly subjects (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of age on the frequency of post-hyperventilation apnea was studied in two randomly chosen distinct populations. The hyperpnea and ventilatory response were recorded during a standard E.E.G. tracing in 1 060 subjects by a thermistor and in 100 other subjects by pneumotachography and capnography. Post hyperventilation frequency was determined for the two populations taken overall and then for subjects under and over 60 years of age. The results were compared with demographic data (sex, excess bodyweight coefficient, illness), and experimental conditions (alertness, recording technique). In the second population the mean ventilation per minute rate was calculated during a reference rest period and two successive hyperventilation tests. The frequency of post hyperventilation apnea is higher before 60 years of age in the absence of variations in alertness and/or associated supramedullary lesions. Ventilatory response under 60 years of age is seen as a prolonged phase of hypoventilation. After 60 years of age, in the absence of apnea, ventilation returns immediately to its reference value, while in the presence of apnea the hypoventilatory phase observed is of brief duration and delayed. These results are discussed and compared to those in the published literature. PMID- 6782628 TI - [Ethical problems in the treatment of digestive patients]. PMID- 6782629 TI - [Autotransplant of the pancreatic islets]. PMID- 6782630 TI - Parenteral nutrition and repeated hemodialysis of bilaterally nephrectomized conscious dogs. II. Metabolic studies. AB - To realize equilibrated metabolic conditions after bilateral Nx, three male mongrel dogs were exclusively fed by parenteral infusions with a dog-specific compound of EAA, glutamate, and/or glucose (0.19 g nitrogen and/or 52-70 kcal per kg and day). Daily dialyses required by infusion volumes up to 65 ml/kg/day were performed by means of a closed batch hemodialysis system (Rhodial 75) and highly permeable membranes (RP 6), which allowed a precise ultrafiltration control and direct dialysate analysis. Comparing the urea nitrogen production in a pre- and post-nephrectomy period with a 4 successive days' schedule of only glucose, followed by amino acid administration, a marked decrease of net urea nitrogen excretion was noted after nephrectomy, when EAA were supplied. PMID- 6782631 TI - [Cyclic changes in blood gases and pH (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782632 TI - [Effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine and dipyridamole on the left coronary blood flow patterns and the myocardial blood flow in the left ventricle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782633 TI - [Production of bacterial protein using pressed sugar-cane pulp]. PMID- 6782634 TI - [Von Recklinghausen's disease: clinical manifestations, development and prognosis]. PMID- 6782635 TI - [Complement fixation test for Chagas' disease with active serum: its importance for blood banks]. PMID- 6782636 TI - Preliminary studies with a Schistosoma mansoni saline extract inducing protection in rabbits against the challenge infection. PMID- 6782637 TI - In vitro exoantigen from Herpetomonas samuelpessoai which protects mice against Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PMID- 6782638 TI - Susceptibility of inbred mice to Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y. PMID- 6782639 TI - The rabbit as a laboratory animal for studies on Chagas' disease. Research note. PMID- 6782640 TI - [Initial results of the study of megaesophagus with technetium 99m scintigraphy. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6782641 TI - [Vaccination with Leishmania hertigi against the subsequent infection with Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania braziliensis in hamsters]. PMID- 6782642 TI - The effect of irradiated Trypanosoma cruzi on the pathogenesis of Chagas' disease in dogs. PMID- 6782643 TI - [Quantitative changes in serum proteins in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Y and Nicaragua strains]. PMID- 6782644 TI - [Serological diagnosis of Chagas' disease. Comparative study of various technics]. PMID- 6782645 TI - Endocrine assessment of hypogonadism in patients affected by thalassaemia major. AB - Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GRH) was administered to 54 patients (39 prepubertal and 15 pubertal) with beta-thalassaemia major to assess pituitary gonadotrophin secretory reserve. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was also administered to 10 of the prepubertal boys to assess gonadal endocrine function. Many patients, some with and some without pubertal changes and including prepubertal children aged from 7 to 12 years, had evidence of pituitary hypofunction. A normal pituitary response to GRH stimulation, with decreased gonadal hormone response to the HCG test, found in 3 subjects, demonstrated that gonadal endocrine failure may also occur. PMID- 6782646 TI - Antigonadotropic activity of two fractions of melatonin-free pineal extract separated by ultrafiltration. AB - Using the mouse uterus weight test and the rat ventral prostate weight test in basal conditions and under exogenous stimulation, the activity of 2 fractions of molecular weight above and under 10,000 daltons obtained by ultrafiltration of a melatonin-free pineal extract was tested against a total pineal extract and the same extract subjected to dialysis. The results showed that the larger fraction is predominantly anti-LH whereas the smaller fraction is anti-FSH. The antigonadotropic activity of the total and partially purified pineal extract against the effects of pineal melatonin and arginine-vasotocin is discussed. PMID- 6782647 TI - Hyperthyroidism and pregnancy. I. Serum TBG level in normal pregnancy. AB - Methods for preparation and qualitative evaluation of the reagents necessary for direct radioimmunoassay of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) in serum are described. The reagents are: purified TBG necessary as antigen in preparing the labelled product and plotting the reference curve; 125I-TBG; anti-TBG rabbit serum. The technical stages characteristic of the RIA system are presented. TBG level determined in normal volunteers (about 80% males and 20% females, young subjects living in Bucharest area) was found to be 15.6 +/- 2.23 mg L-1 (M +/- SD) and the PBI, T4, and T3 values at the onset were normal. In another lot formed only from women TBG was 17.3 +/- 3.50. Assay of 136 pregnant women between the 2nd an 9th month of pregnancy showed values of 22.46 (2nd month) and 32.23 mg L-1(8th month). The shape of the increase curve during pregnancy shows two main stages. The importance of the serum TBG level as an additional criterion in the diagnosis of pregnancy (even in the first weeks of life of the foetus) and as an indicator of the placentar function is discussed. PMID- 6782648 TI - Urinary amino acid glycosides and oligosaccharides in health and disease. AB - Due to heterogeneity and lack of suitable fractionation techniques it is only recently that more detailed information about urinary low molecular weight carbohydrates has been obtained. Ingemar Berggard was one of the pioneers who opened up this field and outlined the directions towards fruitful progress. Today more than one hundred well characterized oligosaccharides and amino acid glycosides have been described. This review covers the latest development and discusses the mechanisms behind the urinary excretion. PMID- 6782649 TI - Effect of cimetidine treatment on parietal and chief cell sensitivity to histamine and on catabolism of histamine in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Gastric acid and pepsin output in response to a low and a maximal dose of histamine was studied before and 60 h after cessation of 4 weeks of cimetidine treatment, 1 g/day, in 11 duodenal ulcer patients. Plasma histamine concentrations were measured in eight patients and the urinary excretion of intravenously injected 14C-histamine and its metabolites in two patients. Acid and pepsin output in response to the low dose of histamine as a percentage of the maximal response was on average 41.3% +/- 4.4% (S.E.M.) and 46.3% +/- 3.5% before treatment and 40.4% +/- 4.8% and 38.8% +/- 4.5% after cessation of treatment, respectively (p greater than 0.10). Thus, a course of treatment with cimetidine does not influence the sensitivity of the parietal and chief cells to histamine stimulation in duodenal ulcer patients. No significant change of plasma histamine concentrations and of catabolism of radiolabelled histamine was observed after cessation of cimetidine treatment. PMID- 6782650 TI - Studies of the choledocho-duodenal sphincter in patients with and without juxta papillary duodenal diverticula. AB - The function of the choledocho-duodenal sphincter was studied in 16 patients, 8 with juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula. All patients had calculi in the gallbladder. The common bile duct was normal. At cholecystectomy two catheters were introduced into the common bile duct through the stump of the cystic duct and fixed in place. The examinations were performed when the patients had recovered from the operation. One catheter was connected to a pressure transducer, the other was used for saline infusions. Pressure in the common duct was recorded before infusion and at constant infusion rates of 3,6, and 12 ml/min. The muscular tone, the contractile activity, and the total rhythmic variations of the sphincter during infusions were all significantly less in patients with diverticula than in the controls without diverticula. The findings indicate that there is a dysfunction of the choledochoduodenal sphincter in patients with juxta-papillary duodenal diverticula. This may in part be responsible for the high incidence of biliary calculi in patients with duodenal diverticula. PMID- 6782651 TI - The actions of carbenoxolone on enzymes and their relation to its therapeutic effect. AB - Carbenoxolone may bind to enzymes, inhibiting or activating them. Enzymes inhibited are human pepsins 1, 3 and 5, human pepsinogens 1, 3 and 5, swine pepsin, bovine trypsin, bovine chymotrypsin, porcine elastase, human gastric proteinase 2, human gastric prostaglandin 15-OH dehydrogenase and delta-5 reductase, and pronase. Enzymes activated are papain, bovine carboxypeptidase and gastric microsomal glycosyl transferase. Enzymes unaffected are human pancreatic amylase and porcine pancreatic lipase. Binding occurs away from the active site; inhibition thus occurs when binding impedes access of substrate to, or products from, the active site, and activation when access is facilitated. Carbenoxolone causes increased secretion of mucus; this action can be explained by activation of the gastric glycosyl transferases. Carbenoxolone also causes intraluminal loss of peptic activity and diminished secretion of pepsins; these actions are explained respectively by intraluminal inhibition of the pepsins and intramucosal inactivation of the pepsinogens, particularly of the peptic ulcer-associated enzyme, pepsin 1. The healing effect of carbenoxolone in peptic ulcer involves these actions together with a reduced turnover of gastric mucosal cells. Pepsins 1 and 3 have collagenolytic activity, causing release of alpha-chains from native collagens. Pepsin 1 is five-fold the more active. Carbenoxolone inhibits peptic collagenolysis. PMID- 6782652 TI - Intragastric PCO2 in man and calculated gastric bicarbonate concentrations: effect of carbenoxolone sodium. AB - In six normal subjects, ten patients with either gastric or duodenal ulcer or combined duodenal and gastric ulcers and in one with gastric carcinoma, the fasting intragastric PCO2 was measured using a new silicon-coated teflon intragastric catheter connected to a mass spectrometer. PCO2 values ranged from 9 to 38 mm Hg in normal subjects and from 23 to 75 mm Hg in patients. In some patients sharp peaks up to 170 mm Hg were obtained. The pH of the resting juice was measured and the intragastric HCO-3 concentration calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbach equation. Intragastric HCO-3 concentration was 5--136 nmol per litre in normals and 12 nmol-960 mumol per litre in those with dyspepsia, and 6.05 mmol per litre in the patient with gastric carcinoma. Five dyspeptic patients and the one with stomach cancer were given 100 mg carbenoxolone t.d.s. for 72 hours. The fasting PCO2 decreased from a mean of 34.6 +/- 4.89 to 26.6 +/- 2.24 Se mmHg (p less than 0.05) with corresponding changes in HCO-3 concentration. These results suggest that carbenoxolone increased the thickness of the unstirred layer of mucus, making it more resistant to H+ penetration and thus reducing H+ and HCO-3 interaction with consequent lowering of PCO2. PMID- 6782653 TI - Activated partial thromboplastin time. A multicenter evaluation of 11 reagents in the screening of mild haemophilia A. AB - An internationally standardized preparation and 10 commercial kits widely used to perform the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were compared in 4 laboratories for the purpose of assessing their ability to detect mild deficiencies of factor VIII activity. The participating laboratories were asked to carry out with each APTT reagent quadruplicate readings of 3 coded lyophilized plasmas containing varying levels of factor VIII (109, 26 and 17 U/dl respectively). An analysis of variance of clotting times showed significant differences between reagents and laboratories. All the reagents detected the abnormality of the plasma containing 17 U/dl, whereas a number of failures were found when the plasma with 26 U/dl was tested. When analysis of variance was carried out on ratios of factor-VIII deficient to normal plasma clotting times, the results showed less difference between laboratories and reagents. Clotting times of plasma with normal factor VIII level (109 U/dl) usually fell within the normal range indicated by manufacturers of the commercial reagents. PMID- 6782654 TI - Biliary concentrations of cefamandole and its use in biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6782655 TI - The in vitro activity of netilmicin against 357 clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6782656 TI - In vitro comparison of gentamicin and netilmicin including a regression line for netilmicin. AB - The results of two different in vitro investigations are presented: a comparison between gentamicin and netilmicin and a presentation of a regression line for netilmicin. The first investigation comprises 335 bacterial strains. The method used is a plate dilution technique and the susceptibility of the strains is given as IC50 values, i.e. 50% inhibiting concentrations. The conclusion of the study is that netilmicin offers no advantage over gentamicin. In the second investigation a regression line is presented giving the relation between IC50 values for netilmicin and the size of the inhibition zone, based upon 109 bacterial strains. For the disc diffusion method a 20-hour prediffusion technique is used. The disc content is 15 micrograms netilmicin base. The results are discussed and a grouping as to susceptibility is proposed based on the IC50 values found and the blood level obtained after scheduled dose of netilmicin. PMID- 6782657 TI - Compiled data on aminoglycoside, foremost netilmicin susceptibility of bacterial strains. AB - The MIC-values of 73 bacterial strains isolated in Malmo from patients treated with netilmicin have been determined by the agar dilution method for five aminoglycosides: amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin, sisomicin and tobramycin. The results are compared with those obtained with the disc diffusion method in another Swedish investigation, comprising 202 strains and with results obtained in other places. Among the strains isolated in the two Swedish investigations, Escherichia coli strains were most prevalent, 28 and 77 respectively, and in this group no important differences could be found except for sisomicin. The importance of the inoculum size was investigated in a separate study on 24 strains of the Malmo material. These strains had also been tested one year earlier, using another size of the inoculum. The comparison showed that an inoculum less than 10(4) colony forming units resulted in lower MIC-values. PMID- 6782658 TI - Combined effect of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin/netilmicin on Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of gentamicin and netilmicin were determined for 55 clinical isolates of Streptococcus faecalis, approximately half of which were recovered by culture of blood samples from patients with endocarditis. The IC50 for gentamicin was less than 5 micrograms/ml for 22 strains and less than 40 micrograms/ml for all strains, and for netilmicin the IC50 was less than 5 micrograms/ml for 51 strains and less than 40 micrograms/ml for all strains. Eight out of the 55 strains were found to have IC50 values greater than 10(4) micrograms/ml for streptomycin (3). The bacterial effect of combinations of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin or netilmicin was studied in 19 strains of S. faecalis which represented different levels of resistance to streptomycin. Netilmicin was as effective as gentamicin in combination with benzylpenicillin against all strains. PMID- 6782659 TI - Surface charge and hydrophobicity of Salmonella, E. coli, Gonococci in relation to their tendency to associate with animal cells. AB - The surface charge and hydrophobicity of Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteria have been compared with their tendency to associate in vitro with human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNL) and HeLa cells in culture. It was found that lipopolysaccharide mutations in S. typhimurium or E. coli, yielding core-defective mutants, increased the surface hydrophobicity, as assessed by aqueous two-phase partitioning and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and promoted the association with PMNL and HeLa cells. The association to HeLa cells was much smaller for the E. coli than for the S. typhimurium bacteria. All the colonial variants of N. gonorrhoeae interacted significantly with the PMNL and the HeLa cells. They were liable to hydrophobic interaction. However, the non-piliated, T3 and T4, were slightly more hydrophobic, but less negatively charged, than the piliated T1 and T2 bacteria. There was a positive correlation between possession of COA- and pili-proteins in the outer membrane and enhanced interaction with PMNL. The reverse was found with respect to association with HeLa cells. The results support the hypothesis that expression of hydrophobicity and negative charge can increase the interaction of bacteria with certain animal cells, e.g. PMNL and HeLa cells. PMID- 6782660 TI - Effects of phenoxymethylpenicillin, clindamycin and tinidazole on the anaerobic oral, throat and colon flora in man. AB - Capsules of phenoxymethylpenicillin were given orally to ten subjects in doses of 800 mg twice daily for 7 days. Saliva, throat and faecal specimens were taken over a 29-day period and bacterial cultivations were carried out. No changes in the normal flora of the saliva, throat or faeces were noted during this period. Clindamycin was given orally to ten other subjects in doses of 150 mg, four times per day for 7 days. No changes in the aerobic flora of the saliva and throat were observed while a significant decrease in the number of anaerobic bacteria occurred. Overgrowth of clostridia was seen in two cases. Pronounced changes in the faecal flora occurred. Among the aerobic bacteria, enterococci proliferated, and among the anaerobic bacteria significant decreases in the numbers of cocci and gram-negative rods were seen. In four subjects the number of clostridia increased significantly. Tinidazole was given orally to ten other subjects in doses of 150 mg every 12 hours for 7 days. Slight changes were noted in the anaerobic flora of the saliva while no differences were seen for the faecal flora. PMID- 6782661 TI - Infections in the immunocompromised host. PMID- 6782662 TI - Influence of plasma factors and drugs on in vitro leukocyte adhesiveness. AB - Leukocyte adhesiveness was studied by measuring the retention of leukocytes in glass bead columns after the passage of heparinized whole blood or leukocyte suspensions. Leukocytes adhered readily to glass beads and independently of divalent cations when proteins were absent. Addition of plasma inhibited leukocyte adherence which became increasingly dependent on divalent cations. In conflict with results reported from nylon wool column experiments, we could not demonstrate a leukocyte adherence augmenting effect of zymosan activated plasma or plasma from patients with inflammatory diseases or patients undergoing hemodialysis. Ethanol and lidocaine gave a dose response inhibition of leukocyte adherence. The conflicting results obtained with the nylon wool and the glass head column techniques in conditions with "augmented adherence" may be due to retention of leukocyte aggregates in the nylon wool columns. PMID- 6782663 TI - Evaluation of unilateral kidney function in children. A comparison between renography and separate clearance. AB - Unilateral kidney function in children was evaluated by determination of 51Cr EDTA-clearance combined with estimation of side distribution of kidney function by renography. As reference, separate clearance of 51Cr-EDTA, determined by sequential external ureteral occlusions on both sides, was used. A comparison between these two methods was made in 28 patients with varying degrees of unilateral kidney function impairment. A significant correlation was found when the renograms were corrected for extrarenal background activity. Thus, renography in combination with determination of the glomerular filtration rate with 51Cr EDTA is a valuable method for evaluating separate kidney function in children, both methods being easily performed and requiring small radiation doses. PMID- 6782664 TI - Immunogenetics of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6782665 TI - Treatment of prostatic carcinoma by gonadotropin inhibition with danazol. A preliminary report. AB - The effect of an oral gonadotropin agent--Danazol--on 5 patients with prostatic carcinoma was investigated. A phase 2 pilot study, using a combination of repeated clinical findings, hormone analyses and cytological examinations, allowed some assessment of results after 16 weeks. There was a marked fall in gonadotropin and testosterone serum levels in all patients. Despite a minor rate of cancer remission, results of clinical and cytological examinations were encouraging enough to stimulate further investigations. PMID- 6782666 TI - [Physiopathology of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - The use by West et al. of gases with different solubilities and of appropriate models has indicated that impairment of gas exchange in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure resulted essentially from altered ventilation/perfusion ratios. To understand why some patients do not appear to be capable of compensating this impairment and become hypercapnic, it is necessary to examine the other components of the respiratory system (control of ventilation, respiratory muscles) and their interactions. The measurement of occlusion pressure and of average inspiratory flow, and analysis of the timing of the respiratory cycle provides interesting information on the output of the control system and the efficiency of respiratory muscles. Electromyography of respiratory muscles also affords useful information on the degree of fatigue of these muscles. The use of this data should help to clarify the problem that has remained unanswered for many years: is the patient with hypercapnia someone who does not want to, or cannot, increase his ventilation? Other studies in the same group of patients during sleep have supplied evidence for the presence of numerous episodes of arterial oxygen desaturation with marked effects on the cardiovascular system. Pathophysiology should also consider this aspect of respiratory failure which occurs in the third of our lifetime devoted to sleep. PMID- 6782667 TI - [Clinical features of chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - The etiology and location of chronic respiratory insufficiency and functional differential diagnosis of this disease are briefly discussed, viz. --central hypoventilation, --neurological and muscular respiratory failure. --cardiac causes of respiratory failure (pulmo cardialis), --respiratory insufficiency due to anatomical changes of passive structures, viz.: --malformations of the thorax (fibrothorax), --airway and lung tissue diseases, --malformations and diseases of the pulmonary vascular bed. Respiratory insufficiency means abnormality of O2 and/or CO2 partial pressures for which there are no reliable clinical signs. The absence of O2 and CO2 abnormalities in the various tissues of the human body obviously does not exclude diseases of the respiratory organs. PMID- 6782668 TI - [Estulic in the long-term treatment of hypertension]. AB - Estulic (guanfacine), a new centrally acting antihypertensive agent derived from guanidine, was administered to 13 patients with established essential hypertension. Therapeutic effect and safety were evaluated in all patients during the first year. Blood pressure normalization was elicited in 6 patients and a good therapeutic response in 5. Two patients did not respond to the monotherapy. Dryness of the mouth was observed in 11 patients during the first year and tiredness in 4. At the end of the first year, 3 patients out of 7 who completed the 1-year treatment still complained of dry mouth. Five patients continued for a second year of treatment. In all of them the blood pressure was normalized and only one patient suffered from dryness of the mouth. Estulic was usually given once daily in the evening; in some patients it was given twice daily. At the end of the first year, doses between 2 and 7 mg were used (mean 3.4 mg); during the second year 2 mg/day was administered to 2 patients, 3 mg/day to 2 patients and 5 mg to 1 patient. No impairment of laboratory values was seen during long-term treatment. In one patient with renal insufficiency the treatment had to be discontinued owing to deterioration of the underlying disease. After withdrawal of the drug, no rebound hypertension was observed. PMID- 6782669 TI - [Development of tolerance to the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin]. PMID- 6782670 TI - [Is myositis in chronic polyarthritis using d-penicillamine drug-induced?]. AB - Myositis was diagnosed twenty months after starting treatment with d penicillamine in a patient suffering from uncomplicated rheumatoid arthritis for nearly three years. The diagnosis was established by electromyographic investigation and by biopsy. In this patient d-penicillamine had been intermittently increased to a dose over 1 g per day and then reduced because of mild proteinuria. The appearance of myositis during d-penicillamine therapy, its immediate regression on discontinuing the drug, and the absence of signs of vasculitis or other extraarticular manifestations in this patient suggest that this complication may be drug-induced. The clinical course is compared with isolated cases reported in the literature. The significance of this rare side effect is discussed. PMID- 6782671 TI - Home enteral tube feeding with a liquid diet in the long term management of inflammatory bowel disease and intestinal failure. AB - A 35-year-old man, who had spent 10 1/2 out of 18 months in hospital, has required repeated courses of intravenous nutrition (IVN) because of nutritional failure due to severe inflammatory bowel disease. He has been maintained on a nocturnal pump-fed liquid diet supplementing his day-time oral diet for five months, four of which have been at home. The cost of such therapy is less than with an elemental diet and there are other advantages. This regime has been shown to be nutritionally adequate. The need to assess other cheaper liquid diets in patients with intestinal failure is recognised. PMID- 6782672 TI - Chemical impurity produces extra compound eyes and heads in crickets. AB - A chemical impurity isolated from commercially purchased acridine causes cricket embryos to develop extra compound eyes, branched antennae, extra antennae, and extra heads. Purified acridine does not produce similar duplications of cricket heads or head structures nor do the substituted acridines proflavine, acriflavine, or acridine orange. A dose-response relation exists such that the number and severity of abnormalities increase with increasing concentration of the teratogen. PMID- 6782673 TI - Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation. AB - Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed. PMID- 6782674 TI - Giant polytene chromosomes from the ovaries of a Drosophila mutant. AB - The chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells of Drosophila melanogaster fall apart during their cycles of endoreduplication. However, chromosomal synapsis occurs in the pseudonurse cells produced in certain mutant females. The resulting polytene chromosomes undergo developmental changes that are strikingly different from those recorded for the giant chromosomes of the larval salivary gland cells. PMID- 6782675 TI - Regression of aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinomas by reduced glutathione. AB - Reduced glutathione administered to rats bearing aflatoxin B1-induced liver tumors caused regression of tumor growth and resulted in survival of the animals. since glutathione is a harmless natural product, it merits further investigation as a potential antitumor drug for humans. PMID- 6782676 TI - Excitation of Limulus photoreceptors by vanadate and by a hydrolysis-resistant analog of guanosine triphosphate. AB - Discrete voltage fluctuations that occur spontaneously or in response to dim lights can be recorded from the ventral photoreceptors of Limulus. The injection of vanadate or the hydrolysis-resistant analog of guanosine triphosphate, GTP gamma-S, into ventral photoreceptors induces the production of discrete waves in the dark. The chemically induced discrete waves are similar to those induced by light. Ventral photoreceptors may contain a guanyl nucleotide binding protein whose activation by vanadate or GTP-gamma-S induces the discrete waves. PMID- 6782677 TI - Age determination of the Shanidar 3 Neanderthal. AB - Close agreement between the age at death estimated by macroscopic and microscopic methods was obtained for the Shanidar 3 Neanderthal. This suggests the possibility of obtaining age at death estimates by microscopic methods in other fossil hominids where the skeletal remains are highly fragmentary and macroscopic methods are not applicable. PMID- 6782678 TI - Blood group ABH and Ii antigens of human erythrocytes: chemistry, polymorphism, and their developmental change. PMID- 6782679 TI - Chromosomal mapping of the blood group genes. AB - The assignment of blood group loci proceeds more slowly than that of biochemical markers, since it depends largely on pedigree analysis and these studies take longer to achieve significance than some of the rapid modern methods. However, seven structural blood group loci ABO, MNSs, Rh, Fy, Sc, Xg, and Ch--Rg are confidently assigned, and four more provisionally or tentatively sited. Other loci are recognized as part of linkage groups that will help in the eventual assignment to their chromosomes. There is little linkage information, and no assignments, for other independent loci involved in the expression of the ABO, Pl, Rh, and Lu loci. PMID- 6782680 TI - [Calculation of the economic capital of health]. PMID- 6782681 TI - Scheuermann's kyphosis--long-term results of Milwaukee braces treatment. AB - A review of 203 patients with Scheuermann's kyphosis is presented. The modified Milwaukee brace was used in 62 patients. Thirty-nine patients wore the brace for an average of 18 months. The pretreatment kyphosis averaged 62 degrees, and the curve at the completion of brace treatment averaged 41 degrees. Follow-up of more than 18 months after brace wear showed an average 15 degrees loss of correction. Wedging of the vertebral bodies improved from 7.9 degrees to 6.8 degrees with brace treatment. To provide permanent correction, vertebral wedging must improve to approximately 5 degrees. Most patients will require full-time brace wear of longer than 18 months to effect this improvement in vertebral wedging. The brace can improve kyphotic curves greater than 75 degrees. PMID- 6782682 TI - [Evaluation of controlled deep hypotension from the aspect of blood gas analysis and acid-base equilibrium]. PMID- 6782683 TI - [Sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin in the treatment of postoperative hypertension]. PMID- 6782684 TI - Nitroglycerin, nitrites and nitrates. PMID- 6782685 TI - Acute pancreatitis--where are we? PMID- 6782686 TI - Pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 6782687 TI - Effects of naloxone therapy on hemodynamics and metabolism following a superlethal dosage of Escherichia coli endotoxin in dogs. AB - Experiments were done upon anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs given endotoxin only, endotoxin plus naloxone or naloxone only. Dogs given endotoxin and treated with naloxone showed marked hemodynamic and metabolic improvements compared with the dogs given endotoxin only. Beneficial effects of naloxone treatment following the administration of endotoxin are attentuated hypotension, hemoconcentration and acidosis and prevention of hypoglycemia. Results of mortality studies in unanesthetized dogs given endotoxin suggest that naloxone treatment increases the survival time. PMID- 6782688 TI - The central venous catheter in the assay of acid base status. AB - There is no claim of precedence in these underrecognized observations. There are risks accepted in the name of precision to obtain arterial blood gases when central venous determinations would be available, safe and more than adequately describe the acid base status of the patient. By subtracting 4.10 torr from the mixed venous carbon dioxide tension and adding 0.06 to the venous pH, the arterial values are quite accurately approximated. A central venous catheter is a safe, convenient, reliable access for the administration of intercardiac medications. PMID- 6782689 TI - Ocular coloboma. AB - Ocular coloboma is common malformation which includes a spectrum of anomalies that ranges from iris coloboma to clinical anophthalmos. Coloboma is etiologically heterogeneous. As an isolated defect, it is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant disorder, although autosomal recessive inheritance also occurs. Patients with multiple malformations and coloboma may have a recognized malformation syndrome of unknown etiology, a single gene disorder, or chromosomal abnormality. Prognosis and recurrence risk can be determined only after complete evaluation of the patient and other family members. PMID- 6782690 TI - [Tube feeding through thin tubes: appalling price for equipment offered]. PMID- 6782691 TI - [The nutritional consequences of premature birth: improved care has clearly decreased perinatal mortality]. PMID- 6782692 TI - [Laryngo-tracheal intubation or tracheotomy in long-term assisted respiration]. PMID- 6782693 TI - Levamisole as an immunostimulant. PMID- 6782694 TI - [Risks, complications and tolerance of trinitrin]. PMID- 6782695 TI - Fenbufen and biphenylacetic acid inhibit platelet function and the arachidonate prostaglandin system. PMID- 6782696 TI - Influence of blood dilution on the findings of platelet aggregates in native venous blood fixed by edta-formalin. PMID- 6782697 TI - Immunologic studies on the relationship between FVIII related antigen and FVIII procoagulant activity. PMID- 6782698 TI - Hageman factor fragment inhibitor in corn seeds: purification and characterization. PMID- 6782699 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoretic pre-peak of canine factor VIII-related antigen. PMID- 6782700 TI - Studies with 131I-labelled antithrombin III in dogs. PMID- 6782701 TI - The inhibition by heparin of the intrinsic pathway activation of factor X in the absence of antithrombin-III. PMID- 6782702 TI - Direct evidence for a role for Ca2+ in amine storage granule secretion by human platelets. PMID- 6782703 TI - [Urinary incontinence in nursing home patients]. PMID- 6782704 TI - Bovine serum albumin and cell counts in the diagnosis of subclinical udder infections. AB - Puncture of the milk cisterns was performed in 120 bacteriologically positive quarters of the forty-seven lactating dairy cows on three farms. This method was used to determine whether the existing infection was an infection of the teat canal or one of the udder. The results were related to the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the cell count in the milk. Of the bacteriologically negative quarters, both BSA levels (91 per cent of the quarters the BSA concentration was 0.20 mg. per ml. of milk or less) and cell counts (in 92 per cent contained less than 500,000 cells per ml. of milk) were low. In cases of udder infection with primary pathogenic bacteria there was a marked increase in cell count (90 per cent more than 500,000 cells per ml. of milk), whereas the increase in BSA was rather small (51 per cent still contained 0.20 mg. BSA per ml. of milk or less). While the difference in cell counts of milk from quarters with udder infections and teat canal infections with primary pathogenic bacteria was significant, the difference between the BSA levels of these two groups was not. Therefore, the cell count supplies more reliable information than does the BSA level of the milk. Of all infections, 23 per cent were found to be infections of the teat canal. PMID- 6782705 TI - Reducing terminals and molecular weights of glycosaminoglycans in normal human urine. AB - To elucidate the reducing terminals and the molecular weights of urinary glycosaminoglycans (GAG), the reducing power of the GAG in the acidic subfractions obtained in a previous paper (Endo et al. 1980a) was determined by the methods of Park and Johnson and of Milner and Avigard. Number-average molecular weight was calculated from the value obtained by the Park-Johnson method according to the equation of Partridge et al. The results suggested that xylose and hexuronic acid were present at the reducing terminals of the carbohydrate chains of urinary GAG, and also that 10-65% of the reducing terminals were occupied by the hexuronic acid residues. This finding strongly suggested the exertion of endoglucuronidase activity in the catabolism of the tissue GAG, specifically of chondroitin sulfate isomers. On the other hand, number-average molecular weights of urinary GAG in the subfractions ranged from 5,600 to 15,500, although most of them were within the range between 6,000 and 7,500. PMID- 6782706 TI - Setting hospital program priorities. PMID- 6782707 TI - Potential neuromuscular toxicity of 2,4-dithiobiuret in the rat. PMID- 6782708 TI - Effect of pneumotoxicants on lactate dehydrogenase activity in airways of rats. PMID- 6782709 TI - UDP-glucuronosyl-, phenol sulfo-, and glutathione-S-transferase activities of mammalian cells in permanent culture. AB - Established cell cultures derived from mouse, rat, hamster, cat, and man were examined for the in vitro activities of UDP-glucuronosyl-, phenol sulfo-, and glutathione-S-transferases. The relative activities of the conjugation reactions differed considerably between the various cell lines: Glutathione-S-transferase activities were present in all cell lines with wide variation between different transferase forms. Phenol sulfotransferase was not detectable at all in most of the cell lines tested or was present at very low levels. In contrast, UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity was expressed in the majority of cultures. Established cultures containing specific combinations of the various types of conjugases should be useful in examining their role in the inactivation and activation of potentially toxic chemicals. PMID- 6782710 TI - Urinary metabolism of orally administered ortho-phenyl phenol in dogs and cats. AB - The urinary metabolites from repeated oral doses of 3.7 mg o-phenyl phenol (OPP) to mature and immature dogs and cats were studied. At both age levels, dogs excreted significantly more OPP as sulfate and glucuronide than did cats. Puppies produced 4 times the level of glucuronides than mature dogs. No such age differences were seen with glucuronide formation by cats, nor were there any age differences in either group of animals for sulfate formation. Some sex differences were observed in conjugation of OPP in cats and dogs. The dominant urinary excretion product of oral OPP administration was the unchanged OPP. PMID- 6782712 TI - [Prognosis of the bilateral mastocarcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1970 and 1973, 411 operated patients with mastocarcinomas were post irradiated according to the stage under high voltage conditions at the Institute of Medical Radiology of the University of Tubingen. At regular intervals, the patients were examined clinically and by means of mammography and other methods of nuclear medicine and radiology in our follow-up department. During a five-year period of observation, 21 patients showed a tumor manifestation in the contralateral breast. These patients have a remarkably unfavourable prognosis. Up to now, only one patient survived five years without symptoms after the therapy of the contralateral mastocarcinoma. PMID- 6782711 TI - [Radiotherapy of the juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on an eight months old child with a juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris and a secondary glaucoma. After radiotherapy with 6 X 0,5 Gy under conventional deep therapy conditions, a soon regression of the increased intraocular pressure was observed. In case of a juvenile xanthogranuloma of the iris, this secondary glaucoma represents in any case an acute danger to the eye, so it must be treated immediately. Radiotherapy has to be considered as the method of choice; it is also discussed with regard to the risk and the avoidance of a radiation cataract which, however, has to be tolerated in certain cases in order to prevent greater troubles. PMID- 6782713 TI - Contamination of high-energy photon beams by scattered photons. AB - Absorbed dose and energy distribution of scattered photons that contaminate high energy photon beams have been calculated for 6-MV and 21-MV bremsstrahlung sources using the Monte Carlo method. The percentage of the absorbed dose at the central axis is less than 3%. The results show that the main sources of scattered photons are the primary collimator for 6-MV and the flattening filter for 21-MV bremsstrahlung sources respectively. The absorbed dose from the phantom scattered photons has been calculated by a semi-empirical method. These calculations show that the dominating contribution to the absorbed dose outside the primary beam is due to these phantom scattered photons. In the surface region of the phantom, however, electrons from the air and collimators may give rise to a high absorbed dose. PMID- 6782714 TI - [Measurement and calculation of the air activation caused by 15 MeV continuous radiation emitted by a linear accelerator (author's transl)]. AB - The rate of air activation caused by the 15 MeV continuous radiation of a "Clinac 20" can be concluded from activation measurements in urea tablets. In case of the most unfavourable irradiation conditions, a maximum field size of 35 X 35 cm2, and a distance focus-wall of 450 cm, an air activation of 6, 18 X 10(4) Bq per individual irradiation is calculated. The limit of activity concentration prescribed by the Strahlenschutzverordnung (radioprotection directive) is not reached if a sufficient change of air is guaranteed. This method of measuring the air activation is simple, not time-consuming and can be effected with a high degree of accuracy. Measurements and calculations are compared. PMID- 6782715 TI - Experimental cerebral ischemia in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): Importance of degree of hypertension. AB - To study the relationship between the degree of hypertension and experimentally induced cerebral ischemia, brain metabolites, including lactate, pyruvate and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined one hour after bilateral carotid occlusion in 119 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with a variety of mean arterial pressures (MAP). Of these, 36 SHR were given antihypertensive agents for 10 weeks to reduce blood pressure prior to the experiment. There was a significant linear correlation between MAP before and either supratentorial lactate (r = 0.482, p less than 0.001) or the lactate/pyruvate ratio (r = 0.388, p less than 0.001) in the brain after carotid occlusion. An inverse correlation was observed between supratentorial lactate and either ATP (r = -0.627, p less than 0.001) or arterial PCO2 (r = -0.477, p less than 0.001) after carotid occlusion. The changes suggest that the animals with a higher MAP had a greater increase in ischemic metabolites with a decrease in ATP and a more pronounced hypocapnia after carotid occlusion. This hypocapnia is believed to be due to hyperventilation induced by cerebral ischemia. It is concluded that hypertensive rats are more susceptible to cerebral ischemia and the susceptibility is related to the degree of hypertension. By long-term lowering of the blood pressure prior to carotid occlusion, the ischemic changes are lessened in this experimental model. PMID- 6782716 TI - Prospects for the development of a vaccine for the control of human schistosomiasis. PMID- 6782717 TI - Detection of Neisseria meningitidis cell envelope antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with meningococcal disease. AB - Sera from various populations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from meningitis patients were tested for Neisseria meningitidis cell envelope antigen by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich system. The minimum optical density (OD) for antigen detection in CSF was defined as the mean value obtained with specimens from a group of tuberculous meningitis patients plus two standard deviations. By this criterion, antigen was detected by ELISA in four of five CSF specimens from group A meningococcal meningitis patients. Very high ELISA values were obtained with sera from fulminating cases but control sera and sera obtained from meningococcal meningitis non-fulminating cases could not be clearly differentiated by this technique. The possible reasons for this are discussed. The results of this study show that as little as 15 ng/ml (protein) of cell envelope antigen can be detected by the ELISA sandwich test and suggest that the technique may be of value in clinical diagnosis of meningococcal disease. PMID- 6782718 TI - Procedures for testing the viability of human hydatid cysts following surgical removal, especially after chemotherapy. AB - The basic problems involved in assessing the viability of hydatid material following surgical removal from human cases are outlined and the use of enzyme digestion techniques is shown to provide a rapid and relatively simple diagnostic procedure. The method is described in detail and examples of its practicability are cited. Infection in laboratory animals provides a back-up diagnostic procedure but cyst development in them is too slow to be of value for most clinical work. PMID- 6782719 TI - Persistence of parasitaemia in vaccinated mice challenged with very low numbers of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6782720 TI - The duration of the antibody response to meningococcal vaccination in an African village. AB - Sera were obtained from 119 Nigerian villagers two years after immunization with group A and group C meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. Measurement of meningococcal antibody levels in individual serum samples by the haemagglutination technique showed that two years after vaccination the mean group A meningococcal antibody level was no higher in immunized subjects than in 140 age-matched, non-immunized controls. Over-all the mean group C meningococcal haemagglutinating antibody level was significantly higher in immunized subjects than it was in controls but this difference was not found in those under the age of 15 years at the time of vaccination. However, when pooled serum samples from the same subjects were tested for meningococcal antibodies by radioimmunoassay, immunized subjects were found to have significantly higher mean levels of both group A and group C meningococcal antibodies than the controls. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are considered and the significance of these findings in relation to plans for mass immunization with meningococcal vaccines in tropical Africa are discussed. PMID- 6782721 TI - Bone marrow culture in chronic salmonellosis. PMID- 6782722 TI - [Cytogenetic analysis of thioTEPA-induced translocations in the spermatids of male mice]. AB - Spermatocytes of 36 reciprocal translocation heterozygotes at diakinesis-MI stage were studied cytogenetically. There were 38.8 % cells with rings and 32.8 % - with chains and univalents among 3666 cells. It is concluded that intensive mutational process producing 30 % of translocation heterozygotes is characterized by random breakage along the chromosomes. PMID- 6782724 TI - [Activity of acid hydrolases in rat tissues under experimental arthritis]. AB - The enzymatic activity of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, alpha-D- and beta-D-glucosidases in blood serum as well as some of these activities in the synovial fluid, liver tissue and spleen were determined in different periods of adjuvant arthritis, in rats. In the first days of arthritis (the acute stage) in rats the activity of hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, and acid cathepsins in blood serum, that of hyaluronidase and acid cathepsins in the synovial fluid as well as of acid cathepsins in the spleen tissues were increased. The found inhibition of the beta-D-glucosidase activity in blood serum, synovial fluid and spleen tissue, alpha-D-glucosidase activity in the liver tissue against a background of activation of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase in blood serum, of acid cathepsins, hyaluronidase, beta-D-glucuronidase in the synovial fluid as well as acid cathepsins in the spleen is associated with the further development of the pathological process and characterizes the adjuvant arthritis chronic stage. The alpha-D-glucosidase activity in blood serum is exception, its inhibition is manifested from the third day of arthritis. PMID- 6782723 TI - [Biological diagnosis of Gaucher's disease]. PMID- 6782725 TI - [Phosphorylase activity and glycogen content in cerebral and myocardium tissues in rats of different age]. AB - The phosphorylase activity (EC 2.4.1.1) and the glycogen content were determined in the brain and myocardium of adult and old rats. In the cortex and while substance of great cerebral hemispheres, the phosphorylase a activity decreases and the phosphorylase b activity increases, while the total enzyme activity remains unchanged with aging. In the myocardium, the activity of phosphorylase a increases, while that of phophorylase b decreases against a background of an insignificant decrease in the total phosphorylase activity. During aging, the glycogen content decreases sharply in the myocardium, whereas in the cerebral tissue it remains unchanged. Age peculiarities of the adrenaline effect upon myocardial phosphorylase activity are presented. PMID- 6782726 TI - [Activation of carboxylation as a factor in correcting the metabolic disorder in diabetes mellitus]. AB - The paper deals with studies of the effect of the 10-day complex therapy with carbostimulin application on the content of the tricarboxylic cycle and glycolysis metabolites, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides in blood and potassium and sodium in blood serum of patients with diabetes mellitus. It is established that under the effect of carbostimulin the content of oxaloacetate, lactate and alpha-glycerophosphate becomes normal, the lactate/pyruvate ratio elevated in diabetes decreases, which evidences for intensification of reduction processes in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6782727 TI - [Rhesus immunoprophylaxis with 200 mu-g anti-D immunoglobulin]. PMID- 6782728 TI - [Rhesus immunoprophylaxis n in Denmark]. PMID- 6782729 TI - [Nitroglycerin-induced hypotension]. PMID- 6782730 TI - [Value of cystography in the diagnosis of diverticula of the bladder]. PMID- 6782731 TI - [Hypothesis on the inactivation mechanism of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A)]. PMID- 6782732 TI - [Systemic subscapular papulosis: Hunter's sign in Hunter's disease]. PMID- 6782733 TI - [Von Willebrand's disease associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 6782734 TI - [Use of the CO2 laser in experimental operations on the bladder]. PMID- 6782736 TI - Urethral diverticula in young girls. AB - Five cases of urethral diverticulum in young girls are herein presented. None of these children had associated local infections, unlike what is generally the case in adult women with a similar lesion. Three girls experienced spontaneous regression of the diverticulum. Therefore, unless the diverticulum causes clinical problems, postponement of surgical intervention is advised. PMID- 6782735 TI - Nongonococcal urethritis. AB - Nongonococcal urethritis is a venereal disease whose incidence is almost double that of gonorrhea. Despite this, the diagnosis, origin, treatment, and complications of nongonococcal urethritis remain unclear. Although some cases are undoubtedly caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, the origin of many cases is uncertain. Treatment is recommended to shorten symptoms and prevent complications. This review presents the current status of this confusing disease. PMID- 6782737 TI - Giant vesical calculi in the female. AB - We herein report a case of giant vesical calculi in the female bladder. To the best of our knowledge, these calculi represent the largest group of vesical calculi ever removed from the female bladder. The etiologic factors that contribute to bladder calculus formation in the female are discussed. PMID- 6782738 TI - Medical castration with megestrol acetate and minidose of diethylstilbestrol. PMID- 6782740 TI - [Microbiological evaluation of milk feed mixtures for calves]. AB - Hundred-and-two samples of four kinds of mild replacers for calves, produced in Czechoslovakia, were examined and evaluated. None of the studied pathogenic germs was detected in the samples. More than a half of the samples contained 1000 and 10000 mesophilous germs per 1 g. More than a third contained 1 to 1000 coliform germs per 1 g. On the basis of the results it is recommended--within microbiological requirements for the product--to propose that the maximum total number of microorganisms should be 100000 per 1 g of product. PMID- 6782739 TI - [Surgical treatment of paratonsillar abscess in a patient with hemophilia]. PMID- 6782741 TI - [Aspergillus terreus as a cause of mycotic abortion in cows]. AB - The fungus Aspergillus terreus Thom et Church was subjected to microscopic and cultivation study in the organs of an aborted foetus and was demonstrated to be the causative agent of abortion in cattle. The culture of the isolated organism is described and brief data reporting on its ecology are presented. Attention is drawn to the probable source of infection and to the insufficiently known aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6782742 TI - [Pathological changes in the skeletal muscle and heart during the development of Cysticercus bovis larvae]. PMID- 6782743 TI - [Organ reaction during the localization of Cysticercus bovis in the internal organs of cattle]. PMID- 6782744 TI - [Quantitative cytological findings in mixed milk samples]. AB - In two cow-houses (fifty cows in each), 5851 udder-quarter samples were subjected to cytological examination (by the Coulter Counter electronic computer) and to bacteriological examination during a ten-month period; the cytological examination was also performed with 141 can milk samples. The mixed samples in which the number of cellular elements does not exceed the level of 500 thousand ml-1 do not indicate reliably whether the milk comes from healthy udder quarters or contains an admixture of secretion from the diseased quarters. A value of above 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in mixed samples only suggests that the milk probably contains more secretion from infected udder quarters. The number of cells in the mixed samples does not constitute a basis for the conclusion concerning the number of quarters with impaired secretion which contributed to the sample, because the number of cells in the mixed samples depends also on the degree of disease in the respective quarters. An amount up to 500 thousand cellular elements per ml in the mixed sample provides practically no useful and usable information on milk quality. If the number of cellular elements per ml is higher than 500 thousand, this information is only suitable for revealing the stables with a high occurrence of mastitis--it is just a signal, not a parameter of such a situation. It is from this aspect that all results should be evaluated at those places where only mixed samples can be examined. PMID- 6782745 TI - [Amide nitrogen in blood plasma of sheep]. AB - The physiological concentrations of amide nitrogen in blood plasma of sheep taken before feeding, 60, 180, and 360 min, after feeding were determined. The concentration of the total amide nitrogen in plasma at intake of 7.6 g of nitrogen per day (45.55 +/- 3.85 mmol.1-1) was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than at intake of 24 g of nitrogen per day (42.34 +/- 4.07 mmol.1-1). Between the concentrations of amide nitrogen unbound to plasma proteins (1.5 +/- 1.36 mmol.1-1) no significant differences in dependence on the nitrogen intake were found. The results prove that a substantial part of amide nitrogen in plasma is bound to proteins and that its level is relatively stable. A significant change was observed only in the concentration of the total amide nitrogen after a long-term feeding of sheep with some other diet. When the concentration of the total amide nitrogen in plasma was lower in relation to nitrogen intake, the urea concentration was higher. PMID- 6782746 TI - [The occurrence of helminths in calves from large capacity barns]. AB - In calves aged one to six months, housed in a large-capacity calf-house, helminths of the genera strongyloides, Chabertia, Bunostomum, Oesophagostomum, Trichostrongylus, Ostertagia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Nematodirus, Trichuris, Capillaria were detected. The presence of helminths in this calf-house has a seasonal nature, owing to the composition of the feed ration. The helminthofauna of calves, mainly to five- to six-month-old ones, was the same as in adult cattle on the farms from which the calves had been concentrated to the large-capacity calf-house. PMID- 6782747 TI - Effect of feed additives on the incidence of naturally acquired Salmonella in turkeys. PMID- 6782748 TI - Activated charcoal adsorbs aflatoxin B1. AB - Activated charcoal was demonstrated to adsorb aflatoxin B1 in an efficient manner in vitro at a neutral pH. One mg aflatoxin was adsorbed by 100mg activated charcoal. The complex appeared to be quite stable. Destruction of the aflatoxin by alkaline conditions was confirmed, and a large measure of destruction was also noted at acid pH. Implications of the adsorption phenomenon include prevention of systemic absorption. PMID- 6782750 TI - Effect of islet transplantation on the glomerular changes in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - Glomerular changes develop in rats with streptozotocin diabetes. The structure of these lesions (nodular and diffuse glomerulosclerosis, mesangial cell proliferation, basement membrane thickening, glomerular aneurysms, fibrinoid caps, glomerular adhesions) is described in the present paper and the effect of normalization of metabolism by islet transplantation on the glomerular changes is studied with histological, immunohistological and morphometric methods. Isogenous islets were transplanted into the portal vein of streptozotocin-diabetic rats after diabetes of 7 months' duration. The kidneys of normal, diabetic and transplanted animals of the same age were studied 2.5 months later. Studies of the kinetics of immunocomplexes in the mesangium were also performed. The renal changes (glomerulosclerosis, mesangial cell proliferation) were largely reversible after islet transplantation and the blood glucose level and glucose tolerance were normalized. In the diabetic animals the delayed uptake and elimination of immunocomplexes in the mesangium was normalized after the transplantation. It is possible, that the cause of the lesions is a functional disturbance of the mesangium induced by insulin deficiency and/or hyperglycaemia. PMID- 6782749 TI - [Differentiation of bacilli isolated from raw and pasteurized milk]. AB - A study was carried out on the species composition, as well as on the biochemical characteristics of 190 strains of aerobic spore-forming microorganisms of the type Bacillus, isolated from fresh and pasteurized milk. The differentiation of bacilli was made following Petrova's diagram [4]. It was established that the bacillary strains studied referred to I morphological group--Bac. licheniformis 55.9%, Bac. subtilis 24.8%, Bac. puminis 14.7% and bac. cereus 4.6%. The results of the experiments that were carried out with regard to the most characteristic morphological, biochemical and cultural properties of bacilli of group I, coincided with the data in Petrova's diagram. The bacillary strains that were isolated showed high biochemical activity with regard to proteins and carbohydrates, which is of paramount importance for the hygiene and quality of fresh and pasteurized milk. PMID- 6782751 TI - [Intrapulmonary gas exchange and right-left shunt in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 6782752 TI - [Syndromes of inappropriate responses to Thyreoliberin VUFB in diseases of the thyroid gland]. PMID- 6782753 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis of mycoplasmosis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6782754 TI - [Serological diagnosis of exudative pleurisy of tuberculous etiology]. PMID- 6782755 TI - [Microclimate characteristics in decompression chambers]. PMID- 6782756 TI - [Use of bremsstrahlung and electron beams in the preoperative irradiation of breast cancer with figure fields]. AB - Under consideration are the problems of preoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer patients with the use of 27 Mev electron beams and 17.5 and 27.5 Mev accelerator LUE-25 braking radiation. The methods for shaping figure fields was elaborated taking into account some individual anatomical features to provide simultaneous irradiation of all areas of regional metastases. Clinical testing of the suggested method for fast electron beams has demonstrated the treatment to be adequately tolerated and also the absence of grave reactions during it as well as of the immediate and early radiation complications. The time of preoperative radiotherapy was made twice shorter. PMID- 6782757 TI - [Antitumor action of thiophosphamide against a background of glucose modification of the tumor cell mitotic cycle and a decrease in intratumor pH]. AB - The scheme of thiophosphamide injections on the background of glucose infusion intravenously has been employed. It was shown that thiophosphamide injections at the moment of the increased quantity of tumor cells in G2-phase, in the transition G1 leads to S of the cell cycle ad hyperacidity of tumor tissue enhanced significantly the therapeutic effects. The complete tumor regression was noted in 60% of cases. PMID- 6782758 TI - [Effect of the joint action of retinol palmitate and BCG vaccine on the occurrence of skin tumors induced by DMBA]. PMID- 6782759 TI - Suppression of early rhesus sensitization by passive anti-D immunoglobulin: suppression of early rhesus sensitization. AB - Anti-D immunoglobulin is an effective prophylactic against rhesus isoimmunization. It is generally regarded as ineffective once antibody production has developed though there have been a number of inconclusive reports suggesting it may suppress early sensitization. Anti-D (100 micrograms) was given after delivery of a rhesus (D) positive child to a rhesus (D) negative mother who was shown to have anti-D antibodies at that time by five tests on two separate specimens in two different laboratories and by a weakly positive direct anti globulin test on the cord blood. In a further pregnancy with a rhesus (D) positive child no antibody was detected by multiple tests including enzyme technique. PMID- 6782760 TI - [Use of an artificial beta-cell (Biostator) in clinical practice]. PMID- 6782761 TI - A legislative call for action. PMID- 6782762 TI - Member believes change in entry will negatively affective collective bargaining. PMID- 6782763 TI - [Remote results of surgical treatment of giant bladder diverticula]. PMID- 6782764 TI - Assessment of public health and social problems associated with the use of psychotropic drugs. Report of the WHO Expert Committee on Implementation of the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. PMID- 6782765 TI - Genetic factors affecting protein content and composition of cereal grains. PMID- 6782767 TI - [Introduction to the topic: Parenteral nutrition and infusion therapy]. PMID- 6782766 TI - [CO2-production of circulating lymphocytes in the presence of a sarcoidosis extract in patients with sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - The CO2-production of circulating lymphocytes of patients with sarcoidosis and other diseases was investigated in presence of an sarcoidosis extract and without it. In 32 of 36 patients with sarcoidosis an elevated CO2-production of the lymphocytes was observed in presence of a sarcoid extract, whereas it happened only in 3 of 26 cases of a control group. PMID- 6782768 TI - [Biochemical bases of parenteral nutrition]. AB - This outlines of normal metabolism and nutrition are summarized as well as some of their deviations. The differences between parenteral and enteral nutrition are discussed as well as the constituents of the diet to the extent that they are of significance for total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6782770 TI - [Differential therapy of parenteral and special feeding in intensive medicine]. AB - After having overcome the acute danger to life by a directed infusion therapy as well as by medicamentous, physical and operative measures question of the long term nutrition frequently come fully into the foreground in intensive medicine. For this purpose as modern methods are at our disposal parenteral nutrition with mixtures of amino acids, carbohydrates and fat emulsions, the feeding by a stomach tube with easily decomposable mixtures of proteins, carbohydrates and fat and the feeding by a stomach tube with chemically defined diets. When the adequate form of nutrition is chosen, depends on the indications and contraindications for the use of these nutrient solutions and on the adequate stage of the present basic disease. The optimum nutrition of the intensive therapy patients is an essential prerequisite for the prevention and overcoming of the severe secondary diseases, which frequently develop after emergency situation and destroy the success of the initial therapy. PMID- 6782769 TI - [Parenteral nutrition - present status and modern trends]. AB - In the present paper practical references for the use of aimed balanced nutrition, particularly of parenteral nutrition, in surgery are given. The complete and total parenteral nutrition is an intervening therapeutic form for the patient. Before the beginning of the nutrition a possibly comprehensive diagnosis of the condition of the nutrition with the help of the state of nutrition is necessary, the volume of which will be depend on the existing diagnostic possibilities of an institution. Moreover, the success and the effectivity of the parenteral nutrition depend on the optimum composition of the nutrient and on a good nutritional technique as well as on an optimum control of the course of nutrition. Taking into consideration the high use for the improvement of the results of treatment a considerable expenditure must be put up with. This means a very strong indication. PMID- 6782771 TI - [Infusion solutions in parenteral nutrition]. AB - Of the GDR standard assortment of infusion solutions those are discussed and explained which are used for the parenteral nutrition. The solutions mentioned are supplemented by several comparable preparations from the FRG. The standard assortment comprises industrially produced solutions of the native country and import preparations as well as adequate dispensings of the 2nd pharmacopoeia of the GDR and the available prescriptions of standard dispensings for the individual making in institutions of the pharmaceutical service. PMID- 6782772 TI - [Technic of venous access for infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition]. AB - The creation of a secure venous access is the basis of the infusion therapy and the parenteral nutrition. As ways of access are suited above all the subclavian vein, the internal jugular vein and the basilic vein. Taking into consideration the contraindications and the exact performance of the various methods early complications such as punctures of the arteries, pneumothorax, rupture of the catheter and extended haematomata may be reduced to a minimum. Abnormal positions are avoided by control of the position by means of endo-ECG via steel mandrin. As late complications are observed infections at the place of puncture, unclear, partly septic temperatures and clinically manifest thromboses. Own experiences with 3,282 central venous catheters (2,057 subclavian catheters, 63 catheter into the internal jugular vein and 1,162 central catheters with access via arm veins) are taken into consideration. PMID- 6782773 TI - [Treatment of severe hypertension and hypertensive crises with nitrates]. AB - Taking into consideration the frequent combination of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and heart insufficiency the effect of blood pressure as well as the influence of pre- and afterload gain increasing importance, when nitrates are used. It is the question, whether the blood pressure reducing effect may be used with a certain aim or not. In own investigations acute haemodynamic experiments with glycerol trinitrate were carried out on 10 patients with arterial hypertension (catheterization, estimation of HMV and so on) in rest and under ergometric load, clinical therapeutic experiments on 10 patients with crisis of hypertension with cerebral and/or cardiac complications as well as long-term experiments with pentaerythrityl tetranitrate on 6 patients with in most cases severe arterial hypertension. The acute effects on the haemodynamics correspond to those in normal blood pressure, in which case the reduction of blood pressure and resistance is more expressed. The favourable effect of glycerol trinitrate in the crisis of hypertension with cardiovascular complications can be regarded as proved. First own experiences with the long-term application of nitrates do not yet result in a clear estimation of effectivity and indications. PMID- 6782774 TI - [Development and drug correction of therapy resistance in chronic antihypertensive use]. AB - In the course of a closely controlled ambulatory antihypertensive multicompetent therapy one part of the at first normotensively treated hypertensives reacts with a development of therapy-resistance due to volume expension. A correction of the development of the resistance can be achieved by directed and sufficiently doses parenteral and oral additional application of loop diuretics, aldosterone antagonists and peripheral vasodilators as a hypotensive intensive programme which can be performed in the outpatient department. With the help of observations of courses lasting several years in 16 patients with hypertension who were temporarily resistant to therapy and who could be regulated above all normotensively within the repeated antihypertensive intensive therapy phases, improved possibilities of a long-term effective performance of the therapy under the conditions of an outpatient department were shown. PMID- 6782775 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in liver diseases]. AB - A total parenteral nutrition may particularly be used in patients with liver diseases, for comatous patients or postoperatively. By using central venous catheterization the practical application of high osmolar solutions, fat emulsions and amino acid mixtures is easy to be performed. Partial parenteral nutrition is needed mainly for decompensation of metabolic disturbances of amino acids in liver diseases. As carbohydrates particularly glucose is used, but because of the deranged glucose tolerance also fructose and glucose substitutes are given in mixed solutions. The infusion of fat emulsions partly covers the need of energy and on the other side prevents a lack of essential fatty acids. Recent investigations demonstrated that fat emulsions may be tolerated by patients with liver diseases and fat is utilized for energy metabolism. The changes of plasma amino acids in blood in patients with chronic liver diseases, especially in the stage with liver insufficiency, demands for a special amino acid solution. For the accomplishment of a total as well as for partial parenteral nutrition principles are given and relevant clinical problems are discussed. PMID- 6782777 TI - [Infusion therapy and parenteral feeding in acute pancreatitis]. AB - The acute pancreatitis can be a life-threatening disease and can demand the performance of intensive-therapeutic measures. The central position there in occupy the infusion therapy and the parenteral nutrition. On account of the increased catabolism already in the initial phase of the acute pancreatitis the supply of suitable carriers of calories in adequate quantity is necessary. The indication of glucose and the differential indication of fructose and Alvesin "Neu" are discussed. In the treatment of shock human albumin, plasma and plasma substitutes as well as blood take the precedence. Apart from the diagnostic and therapeutic value of the peritoneal lavage in the acute pancreatitis is possesses the additional effect of the dialysis in acute renal failure. PMID- 6782776 TI - [Infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure and chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - In patients with acute renal insufficiency as well as in patients with chronic renal insufficiency a parenteral nutrition may become necessary in the different stages of the course of the disease. Taking into consideration the principles of the exact balance of the fluid metabolism, the electrolyte metabolism and of the acid-base-metabolism, the access of sufficient quantities of calories for the inhibition of the catabolism and the possibility of an anabolism as well as of the adapted amino acid substitution for the maintenance of an equalized nitrogen balance the parenteral nutrition is an effective method for influencing the disturbed renal function and the removal of complications dangerous to life. PMID- 6782778 TI - [Infusion therapy and parenteral feeding in diabetes mellitus]. AB - Infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition demand the consideration of diabetes specific peculiarities in coma diabeticum, in the pre-, intra- and postoperative phase and in the parenteral nutrition which is to be performed for a long time. Adequate points of the centre of the coma therapy are: substitution of fluid, insulin and electrolytes. There exist partly still diverging opinions on the way of the practical approach. The nowadays usual methods are demonstrated as guide lines. The care of the diabetic in the pre-, intra- and postoperative phase is described and the author enters the particular problems of the parenteral nutrition in diabetes mellitus from the pragmatic points of view. PMID- 6782779 TI - [Peculiarities of infusion therapy and parenteral nutrition in hyperlipoproteinemia]. AB - By reason of their frequency and complications hyperlipoproteinaemias increasingly get importance for the intensive medicine. When a hypertriglyceridaemia is present one must be particularly careful in the supply of lipid emulsions and monosaccharides. The choice of suitable infusion solutions can in every case be derived only from the etiopathogenesis of the lipid increase. In general is valid that these patients have an increased cardiovascular risk, inclination to disturbances of the cardiac rhythm, thrombembolies, diabetes and pancreatitis. PMID- 6782780 TI - [5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine - a "tumor test" for malignant melanoma? Comparison with the usual laboratory examinations]. AB - In a total of 1,828 determinations, urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa was studied over a period of three years in 384 patients treated for melanoma or with metastases of malignant melanoma. By serial investigations the excretion of 5-S Cysteinyldopa was compared to the course of the disease. In the case of small and circumscribed metastases which could be eliminated by surgical treatment, the excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa remained normal. When the disease became generalized, an increase of the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa prior to the clinical manifestation of the metastases was observed in only four out of 26 cases. In the remaining cases, the increase of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa coincided with the manifestation of metastases, or the excretion of the substance became pathological when the metastases were already conspicuous. In five patients, the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa remained normal inspite of widespread disease. Therefore, its diagnostic value seems to be similar to that of the "common" laboratory investigations the results of which are only pathological when the disease has already become generalized. Our investigations demonstrate that serial investigations of the urinary excretion of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa only rarely indicate melanoma metastases prior to their clinical manifestation. In cases of early metastasing melanoma, all common laboratory investigations are of limited value. BSR and GGT levels which become pathological very early in the course of the disease are so sensitive that slightly pathological levels may be ambiguous. In these cases, however, pathological levels of 5-S-Cysteinyldopa most probably will indicate a widespread disease. PMID- 6782782 TI - Besnoitia in a palaearctic lizard (Lacerta dugesii) from Madeira. AB - Besnoitia cysts in the heart of a lizard (Lacerta dugesii) from the islands of Madeira are the first record of besnoitiosis in a poikilothermic animal in the Old World. The size of the cysts corresponds to those found in lizard genera (Basiliscus and Ameiva) from Panama which belong to B. darlingi. Up to now nothing is known concerning the life cycle of this species from Madeira but it seems possible that cats function as definitive hosts as well as in the other species. PMID- 6782783 TI - Colonoscopic polypectomy: safe, quick and cost-effective. PMID- 6782781 TI - Circulating antigens in infections of mice by tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925. AB - Two circulating antigens were detected in the serum of ICR/Timco female mice infected intraperitonealy with tetrathyridia of the cestode Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli, 1925. One circulating antigen appeared by day 2 postinfection (p.i.) and remained in all mice until at least 90 days p.i. A second antigen appeared in the serum on day 14 p.i. and disappeared from all mice by day 28 p.i. Infected mouse serum also contained antibodies against one secretory/excretory antigen and two antigens in crude homogenate, as judged by double diffusion in two dimensions (Ouchterlony). Immune deposits were observed in the kidney tissue of Rockland mice by transmission electron microscopy, and their identity as products of tetrathyridia was confirmed by immunofluorescence. Further studies showed that the main antibody subclass associated with the mesangial immune deposits was 7S gamma l, and that other subclasses of IgG and IgM were not involved. Antigen was found in the proximal renal tubules of infected mice, as demonstrated by fluorescein-labeled IgG fraction of rabbit antitetrathyridia secretory/excretory antigen antisera. The presence of tetrathyridia antigen in the urine of infected mice was confirmed using the Ouchterlony technique. PMID- 6782784 TI - [Sensitivity of gonococci to penicillin in gonorrhea and trichomonas vaginitis]. PMID- 6782785 TI - Studies on the formation of aflatoxin M1 in bakery products. Mycotoxins in foodstuffs. XIII. AB - The aflatoxinogenic moulds Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251, A.parasiticus CMI 89717 and A.parasiticus NRRL 2999 are able to grow on various types of bread, yet, only the last fungus can produce aflatoxin M1 on these substrates. The highest yields (4 micrograms/kg) of the toxin were found on whole wheat bread at a "Sauregrad" (total acid content) of 5-6 and at an incubation temperature of 30 degrees C. The toxin levels decreased with increasing time of growth; this was probably due to a further metabolism of aflatoxin M1. A.flavus NRRL 3251 and A.parasiticus CMI 89717 grew better and produced more toxin on cake ("Ruhrkuchen") with aw 0.92 than on cake with lower water activity. PMID- 6782786 TI - [Clinico-electrophysiologic analysis of the results of surgical treatment of focal epilepsy in children]. AB - The authors analyzed the electroclinical data obtained in the surgical treatment by the open method of 104 children and adolescents with focal and multifocal epilepsy. The indications were frequent epileptic seizures, resistance to drug therapy, clear-cut clinical and electrophysiological correlations with regard to the localization of the epileptic focus. If nonoperative treatment has no effect, it is not advisable to delay surgical intervention by more than 1--2 years. Dynamic EEG examination under conditions of natural sleep, deprivation of sleep or dark adaptation yields complete objective information on the principal focus. The used system of diagnostic and operative intervention ensured favourable outcomes in 88% of the children with focal epilepsy. PMID- 6782788 TI - Degradation of human chorionic gonadotrophin by human and rat tissues in vitro. PMID- 6782792 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum - apropos of 3 cases]. AB - 1. Three patients with I.D.D. are reported and their clinical, radiological and endoscopic manifestations are presented as well as our experience in the treatment of those patients. 2. Diagnosis was established in all cases by radiological studies. These studies revealed the diverticula to be located at the 2 o. part of the duodenum and the appearance of the classic radiolucnt line around the diverticula. 3. Surgical treatment is not required as long as complications are absent. Two patients had to be operated and resection of the diverticula was performed in one case. 4. Even as this condition is considered to be very rare, indeed, it is advisable to look for it in those adults whose clinical manifestations as bleeding or vomiting, can't be explained otherwise. PMID- 6782789 TI - Effect of low doses of continuously administered catecholoestrogens on peripheral and central target organs. AB - Osmotic minipumps containing low doses of either 4-hydroxyoestradiol or 2 hydroxyoestradiol2) were sc implanted for 152 h (6 1/3 day) into immature male and female rats. At the end of the test period the animals were killed and the uterine weight, the vaginal opening, the gonadotrophin serum levels and the gonadal weight monitored. The following results were obtained: 1) a significant increase in the uterine weight and a consistent vaginal opening were observed after 4-hydroxyoestradiol but not after 2-hydroxyoestradiol treatment, 2) LH levels increased after 2-hydroxyestradiol but not after 4-hydroxyoestradiol; the increase was, however, not significant, 3) FSH-levels and gonadal weights were lowered by 4-hydroxyoestradiol treatment in male animals only; 2 hydroxyoestradiol had not effect on FSH-levels in both sexes, 4) in no instance an antioestrogenic effect of either catecholoestrogen was observed. It is concluded that 4-hydroxyoestrogens - using the above paradigm - have a significant importance on uterine growth and vaginal opening but (on day 6) no role of LH-release, whereas 2-hydroxyoestrogens may increase LH levels (on day 6) but are nearly ineffective with respect to peripheral parameters. PMID- 6782790 TI - The effect of growth hormone on the plasma levels of T4, free-T4, T3, reverse T3 an TBG in hypopituitary patients. AB - The plasma concentrations of thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (free-T4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), TSH and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured in 19 children suffering from idiopathic growth hormone deficiency. Blood was taken before and one month after growth hormone treatment. Ten patients were hypothyroid (group 1) and 9 were euthyroid (group 2). The basal T3 and rT3 levels correlated well with the T4 concentrations. Free T4 levels were very low in all the hypothyroid patients and proved to be the most reliable index of TSH deficiency. TBG concentration was high in th hypopituitary patients regardless of their thyroid function. Following growth hormone treatment T4, free-T4 and rT3 levels fell in both groups. The T3 concentration rose in group 1 but no change was seen in group 2. There was a significant correlation between the changes of T4 and T3, such that the increase in T3 level was greatest in those with only a slight reduction of T4 concentration and no T3 increase was seen with more marked T4 decreases. The plasma TBG concentration is enhanced in growth hormone deficiency causing relatively high T4 values. Growth hormone treatment reduces T4 secretion and affects the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones resulting in an increase of T3 and a reduction of rT3 concentration. PMID- 6782791 TI - Dose related effects of betamethasone on iodothyronines and thyroid hormone binding proteins in serum. AB - Earlier studies of the effect of glucocorticoids on thyroid function tests have given different results. This may be due to the fact that varying corticosteroid doses have been used. The present study examined four groups of healthy volunteers, who were given betamethasone in increasing doses (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 mg daily) for 5 days. Definite dose-response relations were found for rT3. The results obtained explain previous variable results. Oral corticosteroids also affected the concentrations of the thyroid hormone-binding proteins but no clear cut dose-response relation were observed. PMID- 6782787 TI - Long-term effects of glibenclamide on the insulin production, oxidative metabolism and quantitative ultrastructure of mouse pancreatic islets maintained in tissue culture at different glucose concentrations. AB - In order to evaluate long-term effects of sulphonylureas on pancreatic islet structure and function, isolated mouse islets were maintained in tissue culture for one week at various glucose concentrations, and in the absence or presence of glibenclamide. When the islets were cultured at 3.3 or 5.5 mmol/1, but not at 16.7 mmol/1 glucose, it was found that the drug stimulated insulin secretion into the culture medium during the initial 3 days of culture. During the remainder of the culture period no such enhancement of secretion was demonstrated. Insulin release due to glibenclamide apparently resulted in rapid depletion of intracellular insulin stores. The finding of an enlarged B-cell Golgi apparatus in the drug-treated islets was probably associated with granule discharge. The failure of glibenclamide to promote insulin secretion during the whole culture period could reflect the adverse effects of the drug on islet insulin biosynthesis as indicated by short-term experiments performed after culture. Similar experiments showed that the impaired insulin biosynthesis could not be restored by withdrawal of the drug from the culture medium for 3 days. Furthermore, the capacity for insulin release in response to an acute glucose challenge at the end of the culture period, was abolished by culture in the presence of glibenclamide. The drug effects on insulin biosynthesis and intracellular insulin stores, which were most pronounced at 5.5 mmol/1 glucose, possibly resulted from changes in B-cell metabolism as suggested by the diminished islet glucose-oxidation rate. The spatial characteristics of islet mitochondria indicated that these changes might involve an adaptation to substrates other than glucose. In conclusion, our findings suggest that sulphonylureas have an insulinotropic effect, which is however transient. Indeed, it rather seems as if long-term exposure of islet B-cells to sulphonylureas in vitro were accompanied by functional deficiency. PMID- 6782793 TI - Ferrokinetic studies and prognosis in aplastic anaemia. AB - In a study of 16 patients with aplastic anaemia, an attempt has been made to relate ferrokinetic data to haematological measurements and clinical course. There was a positive relationship of cellularity on trephine biopsy with plasma iron clearance and erythrocyte iron turnover, but not with red cell utilisation. Bone marrow aspirate provided less reliable information on erythropoietic function than did trephine biopsy. There was good correlation between all the ferrokinetic parameters and reticulocyte count, but not between reticulocyte count and marrow cellularity, even by trephine. Patients whose ferrokinetic studies indicate a less severe erythroid depression (i.e., plasma clearance T 1/2 less than 200 min and red cell utilisation greater than 35%) are more likely to survive without transplantation than those with more abnormal ferrokinetic results, but such studies alone are of only limited value in clinical management of the individual patient. PMID- 6782795 TI - In vitro production of PNH-like red blood cells by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine. AB - 2-Mercaptopropionylglycine (2-MPG) transformed normal red blood cells (RBCs) into paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH)-like RBCs in vitro, depending on the concentration, pH and time of incubation. The incorporation of radioactive choline in the presence of acetylcholine was reduced, as in RBCs treated with aminoethylisothiouronium salt (AET). In contrast, the uptake in the presence of choline differed when the RBCs were incubated with the two compounds, being reduced in AET-treated RBCs and increased in 2-MPG-treated ones. As true PNH RBCs incorporated to a higher extent the radioactivity in the presence of both acetylcholine and choline, 2-MPG-treated RBCs seemed to resemble the PNH RBCs better than the AET-treated ones. Present results suggest the possibility of modifying selectively the activity of acetylcholinesterase and the transport of choline through the cell membrane. PMID- 6782794 TI - Cross-linking of hemoglobin and inhibition of globin synthesis in reticulocytes induced by photoactivated protoporphyrin. AB - The photoactivated protoporphyrin effect on reticulocyte globin synthesizing capability, cross-linking of intracellular hemoglobin and the cell ultrastructural alterations was studied. Low doses up to 15 microM of protoporphyrin markedly inhibited the globin synthesis and decreased amino acid uptake while no lytic effect or ultrastructural deformations were detected by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. On the other hand, at high doses of protoporphyrin, up to 60 microM, the globin synthesis was totally stopped, and the intracellular hemoglobin leaked out. The photodynamic effect induced cross-linking of hemoglobin into condensed spheres which captured numerous polyribosomes. The end-product of protoporphyrin activity was a closed ghost with a rigid membrane containing only cross-linked hemoglobin spheres closely related to the membrane. PMID- 6782796 TI - Investigation of the correlation between total blood potassium concentration and hematocrit. AB - The correlation between whole blood potassium concentration (Kt) and hematocrit (Ht) was investigated in subjects with a broad range ofHt. This relationship was found to be represented by a curve, and its form was derived by the manipulation of the formula concerning the inverse correlation between Ht and erythrocyte potassium concentration (Kc). PMID- 6782797 TI - Chronic myeloproliferative disorders: a quantitative assessment of platelet ultrastructure. AB - In patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) and impaired in vitro platelet aggregation, a quantitative assessment of platelet ultrastructure showed reduced numbers of alpha granules and excessive dilation of the open canalicular systems. After 10 days of aspirin therapy, some abnormalities were significantly reduced. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6782798 TI - Increased number of pseudodrumsticks in neutrophils and large platelets. A "new' congenital leukocyte and platelet morphological abnormality. AB - 2 members of a family, a child and his father, showed a combined morphological abnormality of leukocytes and platelets. The abnormality consisted of the presence of pseudodrumsticks in the neutrophils and of large platelets. One or more than one pseudodrumstick was present in about 40% of neutrophils. Leukocyte count, differential count and enzymatic stains were normal. Large platelets constituted about 25% of the platelet population. 1 patient also had mild thrombocytopenia which appeared to be unrelated to the basic defect since it appeared after a parotitis infection. Platelet function was normal but for a moderate prolongation of the bleeding time in the patient who had mild thrombocytopenia. No chromosomal abnormality was present in the propositi. The condition seems different from other leukocyte and platelet abnormalities so far described. PMID- 6782799 TI - Hyperglobulinemic purpura in the course of multiple myeloma. AB - Secondary hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenstrom is characterized by polyclonal gammopathy associated mainly with autoimmune diseases. Its occurrence with multiple myeloma is very rare. We described a patient who developed characteristic lesions of hyperglobulinemic purpura in the course of IgA myeloma. Skin biopsy revealed deposition of IgA in the blood vessels. PMID- 6782801 TI - Microcytosis of unknown origin. AB - We report a case of constant microcytosis which could not be related to any of the usual, known causes. The biochemical and functional investigations showed - apart from the small volume - no difference compared with normal erythrocytes. There was no evidence for a hereditary defect. It is concluded that the condition may represent a variant of the normal. PMID- 6782800 TI - Lithium in haematology: a case of acute intoxication. AB - A 74-year-old woman was treated by lithium carbonate 3 x 300 mg per day for drug induced aplastic anemia. After 8 days, she suddenly developed severe impairment of consciousness with myoclonias and hypertonia which persisted during 10 days despite lithium withdrawal and sodium chloride infusion. Slight disorders of water and electrolyte metabolism, mild renal failure and the patient's age could have contributed to the development of intoxication. Short-term lithium administration may be life-threatening and should thus be prescribed cautiously in hematological disorders as in other conditions. PMID- 6782802 TI - Critical study of endogenous peroxidase activity: its role in the morphofunctional setting of the thyroid follicle in the rat fetus. AB - Endogenous peroxidase is associated with thyroglobulin iodination. It first appears at 17 day of pregnancy in rat fetal thyroid and seems to be synthesized within the perinuclear cistern and the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Then, the enzyme is transferred by vesicles up to the follicular lumen where thyroglobulin iodination takes place. The different steps of this process can occur within a very short time, since peroxidase activity is already located in the apical plasma membrane of follicles formed as early as 17 days of pregnancy, which is consistent with autoradiographic data showing iodinated thyroglobulin at 17 days. It can be concluded that the follicle is functional as soon as it is formed. PMID- 6782803 TI - Localization of some enzymes in the periodontium of the rat molar. AB - The authors studied alkaline and acid phosphatase, nonspecific esterase and NADH2 tetrazolium reductase localization in the periodontium of the rat molar. The activity of all enzymes studied remained preserved in spite of decalcification in EDTA. The activity of the enzymes was relatively high, the most intense reaction was observed, with the exception of alkaline phosphatase, in the gingival epithelium. In the junctional epithelium the reaction was less intense and decreased towards the end of the epithelial attachment. Only NADH2 tetrazolium reductase exhibited high activity in this region. The periodontal ligament displayed positive reaction in all enzymes studied with the exception of alkaline phosphatase, which was active only in the dentoalveolar ligament. The results of the present study indicate that highly active metabolic processes take place in the periodontium. The results and literature are discussed in the paper. PMID- 6782804 TI - Difficulties involved in diaminobenzidine histochemistry of endogenous peroxidase. AB - Basically peroxidase (PO) histochemistry is used in different areas: haematologic physiopathology, estrogen-dependent genito-mammary physiopathology and immunoperoxidase histochemistry, both in electron microscopic cytochemistry and at the light microscopic level. In immunochemistry, endogenous peroxidatic activity is inhibited by means of various procedures. On the contrary, in haematology and in reproduction biology stainability of endogenous PO is mandatory; controls are achieved using different inhibitors. Literature data on the most appropriated technical conditions concerning fixation, processing and incubation, for PO staining are reviewed. PMID- 6782805 TI - [GABA fluophore formation due to ninhydrin reaction in the octanolic milieu. Spectrofluorometric investigation. 2nd information (author's transl)]. AB - As a result of the reaction of ninhydrin with gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamic acid in the octanolic milieu, a fluorescent product, presumably a copper II-chelate-complex, was formed. Partial reaction steps were investigated spectrofluorometrically. The excitation and emmission spectra resulting from the reaction between ninhydrin and glutamic acid, ninhydrin and gamma-aminobutyric acid, and ninhydrin, glutamic acid and gamma-aminobutyric acid were measured. Possible consequences are discussed with respect to fluorescence histochemical procedures. PMID- 6782806 TI - Blood lymphocyte ultrastructure and deoxyribonucleic acid content in children with systemic lupus erythematosis. AB - Two varieties of peripheral blood lymphocytes have been disclosed in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cases: one showing signs of degradation and nuclear chromatine elimination and the other one manifesting a state of biological activation, possibly of an immunologic nature. This karyostructural lymphocyte heterogeneity in SLE may cause a great scattering of these cells on histograms in respect to their nuclear deoxyribonucleic acid content determined by cytophotometry. On the other hand, the expressiveness of the scattering and the degree of predominance of negative tendency towards proliferation (with a shift to the left from 2 n) may thereby serve as a very objective quantitative indication of nuclear structure degradation and of loss by lymphocytes of chromatine with deoxyribonucleic acid during SLE. PMID- 6782807 TI - [On the histotopochemistry of prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolizing enzymes in rat kidney (author's transl)]. AB - Using PGF2 alpha as substrate we have investigated the demonstration and localization of NAD- and NADP-15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the kidney of developing and adult rat kidney. Under histochemical conditions an adequate demonstration of the soluble PGDH in native sections is possibly by membrane incubating technic in presence of specific coenzymes. The effectors PMS and KCN showed a decreasing effect on the enzyme activity. In the developing and adult rat kidney the activity of NAD-PGDH was localized predominantly to medullary rays and inner cortex. We have found the reaction product in the following kidney substructures: Pars recta tubuli, distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of Henle, collecting tubule and lower in proximal convoluted tubule and in the glomerular cells. The NADP-PGDH was localized only in the cortex structures, but the reaction was uneven and the localization of the reaction product was diffuse. The results are discussed in connection with the specificity of the reaction. PMID- 6782808 TI - Effect of exogenous hormones on the activity of delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in cultured granulosa cells from proestrus and preovulatory rat ovarian follicles. AB - Activity of delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5,3 beta-OH SD) in cultured granulosa cells isolated from rat ovarian follicles at various hours of proestrus was histochemically investigated. Control cultures as well as cultures with addition of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, and estradiol were carried on. In control cultures activity of the enzyme followed more or less the pattern observed in vivo. Exogenous LH added during preovulatory LH surge showed additive effect on enzyme activity. Other hormones stimulated enzyme activity on the morning of proestrus and at the time close to ovulation, when prolactin exerted most stimulatory effect. PMID- 6782809 TI - Alcian Blue staining of semithin Epon sections for light microscopy. PMID- 6782810 TI - [Freeze-etch studies of the chick embryonic skin with special consideration of cell junctions (author's transl)]. AB - The skin of the quail embryo has been investigated microscopically with the help of freeze-etched preparations and the thin section method. On the 11th day of hatching the epidermis consists of the stratum basale and the periderm. They are not keratinized and do not differ concerning their cell junctions. Desmosomes have particles on both fracture faces with a diameter of 8 to 10 nm. Gap junctions consist of particles (5 to 8 nm) on P-face and depressions on E-face. Tight junctions are always small; they consist of spreaded ridges on the cytoplasmic face and grooves on the extracellular face. On the 14th day of hatching the stratum basale is keratinized in part in the outer layers and the periderm has been replaced by the fully keratinized stratum corneum. In the inner layers of the stratum basale cell junctions are identical with the epidermal cells on the 11th day of hatching. In the layers there are additional connexions of desmosomes and keratin fibrils. Tight junctions are absent in the stratum corneum. The size and frequency of gap junctions and desmosomes as well as the number of membrane-associated particles are reduced in comparison to the stratum basale. PMID- 6782811 TI - [Immunopathogenesis and immunopathology of acute viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The serological and immunohistological findings enable us to separate the different groups of hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis non-A, non-B. Investigations on isolated hepatocytes and the findings concerning the immunopathogenesis of acute hepatitis. Further investigation will show whether the group of non-A, non-B hepatitis, is again heterogenous. PMID- 6782812 TI - [The physician's responsibility in the fight against leprosy in Guadeloupe]. PMID- 6782813 TI - [Giving priority to treatment of lepromatous leprosy]. PMID- 6782814 TI - Cultivation of M. leprae in cell-free, semi-synthetic media. AB - Attempts to cultivate M. leprae in cell-free, semi-synthetic media of various forms with lowered oxidation-reduction potential after due consideration of the biological significance of the acid-fastness of mycobacteria, resulted in the growth of this organism to the extent of visible to the naked eye. Studies on the nutritional requirements at 30 degrees C, suggesting to have quite similar enzyme system as other bacterial species, if not quantitatively, but at least qualitatively. Successful cultivation enabled us to provide the in vitro drug sensitivity test method by which the most adequate drugs to be administered to the concerned leprosy patients could be selected based on the results. As the growth of this organism is still slow and poor at the present step of the studies, further studies are necessary on the medium compositions to promote the multiplication of this organism. PMID- 6782815 TI - [A model for growing mycobacteria from leprous tissues placed in aliphatic hydrocarbons, tetradecane, a preliminary report]. AB - Strains of Mycobacteria were regularly cultured from human and armadillo lepromata in liquid media, supplemented with tetradecane and dimethylsulfoxide. These substances had to be emulsified with heavy inoculum in order to obtain positive subcultures in the tetradecane-DMSO media. The use of nonpurified suspension of host-grown cells was advantageous for the primary cultivation. Subcultures were grown in the inorganic salt-tetradecane-dimethyl-sulfoxide liquid media. Strains did not grown on Lowenstein or Dubos medium. There is indication that the obtained cultures might be identical to M. leprae since the strongly acid-fast strains were obtained only in dimethylsulfoxide media. They were cultivated from a high proportion of human and armadillo lepromata collected from distant geographical locations. Cultures did not grow on any other media used for the cultivation of mycobacteria. PMID- 6782816 TI - [Carcinogenic activity of sulfones]. PMID- 6782817 TI - CO-intoxication, an unusual case history. PMID- 6782818 TI - Cerebral air embolism and the blood-brain barrier in the rat. AB - Cerebral air embolism can have hemodynamic effects such as increases in blood pressure and cerebral blood flow. It has been suggested that these factors play a role for the induction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. In the present study, 5 microliters air was injected into the right internal carotid artery from a catheter in the external carotid artery after ligation of the extracerebral branches. No consistent change in blood pressure was observed with this small amount of air. Hypercapnia, which increases protein leakage in the brain under conditions of high intraluminal pressure, significantly reduced the extravasation in air embolism. Lidocaine and SITS (4 acetamido-4-isothiocyano stilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid disodium), two drugs that effectively reduce the albumin leakage in acute hypertension, had no prophylactic effect in cerebral air embolism. Spontaneously hypertensive rats are less vulnerable than normotensive rats to pressure-induced BBB dysfunction but did not significantly differ from controls regarding albumin leakage in the present study. It is concluded that the increased cerebrovascular permeability in air embolism is not related to hemodynamic factors. PMID- 6782819 TI - Thyroid function in multiple sclerosis. AB - Thyroid function was studied in 112 MS patients and 175 controls on the basis of T3, T4, T.B.G. and T.S.H. radioimmunoassays. In 33 MS patients with T.R.H. stimulation test was employed additionally. The MS patients had significantly increased T4 levels whereas T3 and T.S.H. were found to be significantly lower. No differences were found in the T.R.H.- stimulated T.S.H. response. The changes in thyroid function parameters were similar in different courses of MS and did not correlate with the degree of clinical disability. The results suggest that in MS the T4/T3 conversion might be reduced as seen in acute or chronic diseases. X PMID- 6782820 TI - Influence of carbamazepine on serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine in patients with epilepsy. AB - Hypothyroidism induced by anti-epileptic drug treatment gave rise to thyroid function test studies in patients treated with carbamazepine (CBZ) only. In 42 patients on long-term CBZ treatment thyroxine (T4), free T4-index (FT4I), and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations in serum were significantly lower than in controls, while triiodothyronine uptake (T3U) and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations did not differ between patients and controls. In 12 patients starting on CBZ, means T4, calculated FT4 and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were 1-5 months later reduced compared to the initial levels. Thus, CBZ reduced thyroid hormones, TBG and FT4I. A CBZ-induced increase in conversion and metabolism of the thyroid hormones could explain this effect. The normal T3U values and decreased concentrations of TBG make a competitive CBZ binding to TBG less probable. Although the thyroid hormones levels were found lowered in the patients, all remained clinically euthyroid during the study. PMID- 6782821 TI - Sexual and hypothalamic dysfunction in the postconcussional syndrome. AB - Nineteen males with a well-developed postconcussional syndrome were studied by CT scan, by psychometric testing and by endocrinological evaluation including a variety of laboratory tests and an assessment of sexual function, 68% had cerebral atrophy on CT-scan and 79% were intellectually impaired, 37% to a severe degree. Sexual dysfunction (reduced libido and/or erective dysfunction) related to the head injury occurred in 58%, and severe intellectual impairment was significantly more frequent in this group. Increased plasma concentration of follicle stimulating hormone was observed in 37%, suggesting a reduced spermiogenesis. The possibility of a primary hypothalamic disorder causing reduced spermiogenesis is raised. Otherwise no radiological or laboratory evidence of major hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was demonstrated. The high frequency of cerebral atrophy and intellectual deterioration in postconcussional syndrome suggests organic brain dysfunction, but not causal relationship was established. PMID- 6782823 TI - Ankle fractures: supination-eversion fractures of stage IV. Primary and late results of operative and non-operative treatment. AB - Supination-eversion fractures of stage IV, 60 treated operatively and 29 non operatively, were seen at follow-up after 3-10 years. This disclosed a statistically significant difference between the results of the two methods. Operation which attempted to re-establish the anatomical position was apparently the better method in the presence of more than minimal displacement or a suspicion of deltoid ligament rupture. PMID- 6782822 TI - Refractive change in alloxan diabetic rabbits. Control by flavonoids I. AB - The rabbit eye is hyperopic by approximately 4D. The induction of diabetes leads to a further enhancement in the degree of hyperopia. This enhancement is attenuated substantially by flavonoids as inhibitors of aldose reduction. The development of refractive changes in diabetic lens involves aldose reductase catalyzed polyol synthesis. PMID- 6782824 TI - The use of spiked plastic washers in the repair of avulsed ligaments. AB - This paper illustrates the use of spiked plastic washers and A.O. compression screws in the repair of ligaments which have been avulsed from their bony origins. The technique is simple and some examples are described. PMID- 6782825 TI - The mucociliary activity of the respiratory tract. I. Inhibitory effects of products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on rabbit trachea in vitro. AB - Bacteriological filtrates of three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with respect to inhibitory effect on ciliary movements and a quantitative difference was established between them. The cilia inhibitory effect was strictly concentration-dependent and was resistant to heating. The ciliotoxic effect disappeared from filtrates after chloroform extraction. The chloroform extracted sediment ws dissolved in physiological saline and the solution revealed an inhibitory effect on cilia. Involvement of endotoxin is not probable, since E. coli endotoxin in a high concentration was not toxic. Partially purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenazine pigment as well as haemolysin inhibited ciliary activity and the effect was standardized in the present experimental system. PMID- 6782826 TI - Changes in peripheral blood cells and serum ferritin in lysinuric protein intolerance. AB - Twenty-seven patients with lysinuric protein intolerance, an autosomal recessive disorder of diamino acid transport, have been followed at our hospital since 1965. Many of the patients had recurrent mild normochromic anaemia without apparent iron deficiency, and leuko- and/or thrombocytopenia. Serum ferritin concentrations were inappropriately high. Serum ferritin concentration appears to be a valuable index of the control of this disease. PMID- 6782827 TI - Prevention of Rh immunization. PMID- 6782828 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in the treatment of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. AB - Two boys with classical NDI have been treated with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. A boy, 7 years old, was treated with low solute-load diet and diuretics from his first year of life. His main complaint was nocturnal enuresis. He responded within one day to indomethacin 25 mg twice daily, and the urine volume was reduced from 4 1/2--6 litre/day to 2 1/2--3 litre/day. There is almost no enuresis. A boy, 7 months old, had a basal daily urine volume of 1.6--1.8 litre. A low solute-load diet and diuretics reduced urine volume to 1 litre, but he still needed gastric tube feeding. With the addition of acetylsalicylic acid, 75 mg three times daily, the urine volume was reduced to 600 ml, and he needed no more tube feeding. Both boys are doing well on the above-mentioned regimens, and no side effects have been observed after 1 year of treatment. PMID- 6782829 TI - Growth and metabolic and hormonal profiles during transpyloric and nasogastric feeding in preterm infants. AB - The effect of transpyloric and nasogastric feeding on the blood concentration of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, alanine, insulin, pancreatic and total glucagon was determined in 20 preterm infants. The babies were studied on the last day of transpyloric feeding and the first and fifth days of ensuing nasogastric feeding. In 9 infants hourly measurements of hormones and metabolites were made at 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400 hours. The blood concentrations of glucose, alanine, pancreatic and total glucagon were stable, the concentration of the other metabolites and insulin, less so. No significant difference in mean metabolite or hormone concentration was noted by time of day or type of feeding. Measurements made on the fifth day of nasogastric feeding showed no significant differences from those at the time of changeover. The infants were clinically well and growing normally at the time of study, but had low plasma insulin and high plasma glucagon concentrations. We conclude (i) the site of presentation of milk in the gastrointestinal tract has no effect on the circulating concentration of selected metabolites and hormones in the preterm infants, (ii) the preterm infant grows at a normal rate with a plasma insulin/glucagon ratio that in the adult would be expected to favour catabolism. PMID- 6782830 TI - Resynthesis of muscle glycogen stores during recovery from prolonged exercise in non-diabetic and diabetic subjects. AB - Six male juvenile diabetics were compared with six non-diabetic male subjects regarding the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis during recovery after prolonged exercise. The glycogen synthesis were similar in the two groups, which indicates that diabetics can participate in strenuous daily physical activity just as non diabetics. PMID- 6782831 TI - Changes in cerebral blood flow during hyperventilation and CO2-breathing measured transcutaneously in humans by a bidirectional, pulsed, ultrasound Doppler blood velocitymeter. AB - We have used a bidirectional pulsed ultrasound doppler system which measures the instantaneous mean velocity across the lumen of a blood vessel in order to determine the relationship between alveolar PCO2 (PACO2) and blood flow in the four arteries supplying the brain in humans. Both high and low PACO2-values were explored. Six subjects, 3 males and 3 females (22-40 years) were studied by use of this non-invasive technique. To increase the PACO2 the subjects were breathing 4, 6 and 8% CO2 in air. PACO2 was reduced by voluntary hyperventilation down to a chosen end-expiratory PCO2 value of about 2.2 kPa. We found a linear relationship between arterial blood flow expressed as a percentage of control level and PACO2 in the range from 3.3 to 7.3 kPa. At the very lowest PACO2 values a levelling off of the response, with flow values of 40 to 45%, was observed. The CO2 reactivities in the 6 persons varied between 28.1 and 30.0%/kPa. The time course and the magnitude of the flow response were similar in all four arteries. PMID- 6782832 TI - Degradation of TRF immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain and pancreas. AB - The endogenous TRF as measured in radioimmunoassays of chromatographically purified extracts of excised hypothalami, extrahypothalamic brains and pancreas was shown to be stable in intact organs and homogenates. However, synthetic TRF added to tissue homogenates was degraded. Sonication of the homogenates liberated endogenous TRF for degradation. Chromatographically purified tissue extracts of hypothalamus, extrahypothalamic brain and pancreas were degraded similarly by rat serum. These results suggest that the major portion of endogenous TRF occurs in a protected form in tissues and hence the physiologically effective amount of TRF must be very low when compared to its total content in tissues. PMID- 6782833 TI - [Differential implication of cerebral hemispheres in emotional behavior (author's transl)]. AB - Current neuropsychology states that the right cerebral hemisphere is dominant in emotional situations and emotional responses. The author suggests that various results must clarify this concept. This predominance seems to be prevalent in negative emotions, while positive emotions are mainly processed through the left hemisphere. There is thus no hemispheric asymmetry but rather a hemispheric differentiation in function of the nature of the emotion. The explanation of this double asymmetry remains to be clarified. PMID- 6782834 TI - Effect of repeated sleep deprivation on clinical symptoms and the TRH test in endogenous depression. AB - Twenty-eight patients with endogenous depression were treated with repeated total sleep deprivation (TSD) as the only treatment. In eight patients complete remission was obtained, but an early relapse occurred in five, and after 6 months only three patients (11%) remained in remission. The remaining group of 20 patients with no or only a partial response to TSD also had a significant reduction of the score on the Hamilton Rating Scale (median 23 versus 17, P less than 0.01). A thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulating test was performed before and after TSD. According to previous studies an increase of the maximal response in serum thyrotropin (TSH) to TRH (delta delta max TSH greater than 2.0 microU/ml), after TSD was taken as a predictor of a favourable long-term outcome. Under blind conditions a correct prognosis was made in all patients (n = 8) from the group of responders. By comparison, only two of the 20 patients from the nonresponding group had a delta delta max TSH greater than 2.0 microU/ml after TSD. PMID- 6782836 TI - Inheritable molecular variants of moderate and mild hemophilia A. AB - Factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIII:CAg) were investigated in 54 patients with hemophilia A of moderate or mild severity. The patients belonged to 28 kindreds. The study showed a genetically determined molecular variation within hemophilia A of both moderate and mild forms. Each form can be classified into 3 types according to the content of demonstrable VIII:CAg. Type I has no demonstrable VIII:CAg, type IIa has VIII:CAg in an amount smaller than, or approximately equal to, that of VIII:C and type IIb has a larger amount of VIII:CAg than VIII:C. Affected members of one and the same kindred always have the same type of the disease. PMID- 6782835 TI - [Peritoneal mesothelioma in a fibrocement industry worker with neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6782837 TI - Skin lesions in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. Characterization of the cellular infiltrate. AB - A patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia presenting with numerous red or brownish-red, round, papulous lesions of the skin is reported. Skin biopsy revealed a massive infiltrate of immature lymphatic cells of the dermis down to the subcutaneous fat. Approximately 80% of these cells were positive for intracellular IgM and kappa light chains as shown by the immunoperoxidase method. This finding established the skin lesions as part of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. PMID- 6782838 TI - Serum prolactin and thyrotropin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in men with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - The serum concentrations of prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin (TSH) in 12 males with alcoholic cirrhosis during basal condition and after stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were compared with the concentrations in ten thiazide-treated hypertensive and nine normal men. The basal as well as the TRH stimulated increase in serum PRL was significantly elevated in the cirrhotic males, while the increase in serum TSH was unchanged, compared with hypertensive and normal men. No correlation between clinical or laboratory parameters and serum PRL was found. Serum estradiol was equal in cirrhotic and control subjects and no correlation was found between serum PRL and serum estradiol. These findings favour the concept that raised serum PRL in cirrhotic patients might be caused by a diminished dopaminergic neurotransmission. PMID- 6782839 TI - Assessment of thyroid function in chronic alcoholics. AB - The clinical manifestations in chronic alcoholics may sometimes mimic those of hyperthyroidism. However, diagnostic aids are somewhat contradictory in many cases. Ten chronic alcoholics with symptoms from the sympathoadrenal system were investigated. A significant increase (p less than 0.01) of T3 at 120 min after TRH stimulation was found despite a blunted TSH response (increment less than 3 mU/l) in some cases. This increase in T3 indicates a preserved thyroid function in chronic alcoholics despite generally low basal T3 levels. It is concluded that T3 determinations at 120 min in connection with TRH test may be an essential parameter in evaluating euthyroid function in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 6782841 TI - Host defense mechanisms in protein energy malnutrition. AB - This review has focused on effects of protein energy malnutrition on immune responses in the human host. These studies document major impairment of the T cell and complement systems in severe PEM, and less profound, but probably significant, effects upon B-cells and immunoglobulins, particularly SIgA. While mild-moderate malnutrition also alters the T-cell system and may predispose to infection, there is less evidence to suggest that complement is similarly affected. Indeed, some data suggest that the host with mild to moderate malnutrition is still able to respond to stress with an acute phase serum protein response and to boost serum levels of complement and complement activity. This may be a functionally significant distinction, serving to separate the more from the less severely ill. Because many other factors alter immune responses, including vitamins, calories, and trace metals, and few clinical studies have examined these parameters, it is uncertain how much of the problem in malnutrition is due to protein, to energy intake, to iron, to other micronutrients and trace minerals, to vitamin E or to other vitamins alone or in combination with deficiencies in protein and energy. Other chapters in this volume attempt to sort out these questions in animal studies, but the relevance of these data for the human situation will remain uncertain until the investigations are carried out in humans as well. PMID- 6782844 TI - [Damage and recovery of visual cells after experimental choroidal circulatory disturbance. 1. Degenerative changes in early stage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6782840 TI - The effect of methallibure (I.C.I., 33828) on the ovary of the carp, Cyprinus carpio. AB - A study has been made on the effect of methallibure (I.C.I., 33828) on ;the ovary of Carp. C. carpio. Methallibure treatment may exert marked inhibitory influence on vitellogenesis in the fish and cause atresia of vitellogenic follicles, the oogonial proliferation is stepped up. The site and mode of action of methallibure is discussed. PMID- 6782842 TI - Inhibition of diamine oxidase by antimalarial drugs. AB - The antimalarial drugs amodiaquine, quinacrine and chloroquine inhibit the catabolism of putrescine by the rat. Amodiaquine, the most potent of the three, does so in a dose-dependent fashion. This is attributed to the action in vivo of the drugs on diamine oxidase, an enzyme that is inhibited by them in vitro. PMID- 6782843 TI - Acute inflammatory responses in rats with protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - An animal model of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) was produced by keeping rats on a protein-free diet during the 13-day interval which followed the period of normal lactation. Malnutrition was characterized by reduction in body weight, in plasma proteins, cholesterol, haemoglobin and leucocyte counts, relative to controls from the same litter receiving a balanced diet. Acute inflammatory responses induced in these animals by carrageenin or staphylococci suspensions, differed markedly from those evoked in matching controls: the resulting oedema developed more slowly and yet persisted for longer intervals; Evans blue, injected i.v., leaked into the inflamed areas in smaller quantities; reduced cell migration to the site of the lesion was observed. The slow development of the response was attributed to the decreased levels of circulating proteins and its persistency to a defective drainage of exuded material. It is concluded that PCM can impair the capacity of response to noxious stimuli, thus rendering the animals more susceptible to infections. PMID- 6782845 TI - [Reoperation for severe hematuria following chemotherapy for bladder papillomatosis previously treated by surgery and cobalt therapy]. PMID- 6782846 TI - Current status of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PMID- 6782848 TI - Tocainide-induced ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6782847 TI - Effects of antianginal agents on the coronary circulation. PMID- 6782849 TI - Long-term results of open radical mitral commissurotomy: ten year follow-up study of 202 patients. PMID- 6782850 TI - Mexiletine for ventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6782852 TI - Evaluation of protein-energy malnutrition in surgical patients from plasma valine and other amino acids, proteins, and anthropometric measurements. AB - Eight plasma proteins, four anthropometric measurements, and 21 amino acids were measured in 24 fasting patients before surgery. A matrix of partial correlation coefficients, correcting for age and height, showed many correlations including several between biochemical and anthropometric data such as between valine or prealbumin and arm muscle circumference. Valine was the most highly correlated variable and was used to rank and group the patients. Ten patients with low valine had the greatest weight loss and also had low values for 18 variables which could be subdivided. 1) Thirteen of the low variables were interrelated and correlated with valine, i.e., arm muscle circumference, prealbumin, retinol binding protein, transferrin, haemoglobin, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, serine, alanine, and proline. 2) Fat, threonine, glycine, and beta-lipoprotein were interrelated with one another but not with the larger group. Only beta-lipoprotein were interrelated with one another but not with the larger group. Only beta-lipoprotein correlated with valine. It is suggested that variables in both groups reflect protein-energy malnutrition but that those in the second group are affected predominantly by energy intake. PMID- 6782853 TI - Diagnosis of trace metal deficiency--with emphasis on copper and zinc. AB - A method of diagnosing trace metal deficiency is proposed. Measurement of an appropriate metalloprotein before and after administration of a physiological replenishment dose of the metal should distinguish low levels due to metal deficiency from those due to other mechanisms. Serum ceruloplasmin is the logical protein for copper assessment; serum alkaline phosphatase and red cell carbonic anhydrase should be considered for zinc. PMID- 6782851 TI - Abnormal regional myocardial flow in myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery. AB - A patient with angina pectoris, myocardial bridging of the left anterior descending coronary artery and otherwise normal coronary arteries is presented. Regional myocardial blood flow was studied with the thermodilution technique. Atrial pacing of the heart at a rate of over 140/min reproduced the anginal syndrome, with S-T segment depression in the electrocardiogram. There was a transient decrease in great cardiac vein flow during rapid pacing with a simultaneous increase in total coronary sinus flow. The study demonstrates that in this patient, a myocardial bridge was associated with decreased blood flow to the area perfused by the bridged artery with a concomitant increase in coronary sinus flow as the pacing rate was increased from 96 to 150 and 180/min. After administration of nitroglycerin, the bridging effect was more accentuated on angiography; pacing-induced tachycardia was associated with similar changes in great cardiac vein and coronary sinus flows with less S-T segment depression in the electrocardiogram and chest pain of milder intensity. PMID- 6782854 TI - A possible low intracellular potassium in obesity. AB - In comparison with lean marathon runners whose fat content was 15%, obese subjects with a fat content of 55% showed a 36% reduction in intracellular potassium. It is hypothesized that as much as 60% of this decrease may have been due to the lower proportion of muscle (which has the highest intracellular potassium of any tissue) in the fat free mass of very obese subjects. The remainder of the decrease seems to have been a measurement artefact owing to self absorption of gamma rays by adipose tissue, most of which is distributed over potassium rich lean tissue. The low intracellular potassium values found in obesity should not be interpreted as necessarily signifying potassium deficiency. PMID- 6782855 TI - Death resulting from overzealous total parenteral nutrition: the refeeding syndrome revisited. AB - Although cachectic patients are relatively well adapted to their calorically deprived state, they are prone to acute metabolic imbalances when infused with hypertonic solutions of dextrose and amino acids. Of particular concern is hypophosphatemia and its associated disorders of cardiac, pulmonary, hematological, and neuromuscular functions. This report describes two chronically malnourished but stable patients who were given aggressive total parenteral nutrition support, which was rapidly followed by acute cardiopulmonary decompensation associated with severe hypophosphatemia and other metabolic abnormalities. Despite attempts at correction, progressive multiple systems failure led to death. In light of the high prevalence of hospital malnutrition and the ready availability of total parenteral nutrition, attention is brought to these examples of how overzealous nutrition repletion can paradoxically precipitate deterioration in clinical status. PMID- 6782856 TI - The role of vitamin E in the nutrition of premature infants. AB - Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) has been credited with a variety of beneficial effects in the premature newborn infant. It has been thought that deficiency of vitamin E is at least partly responsible for the anemia which often occurs 4 to 6 wk after premature birth, and routine dietary supplementation with vitamin E is frequently recommended. However, critical analysis reveals that published controlled studies of vitamin E supplementation do not agree on the magnitude or even the existence of this protective effect against anemia. Analysis of commonly used feeding practices suggests that the dietary ratio of alpha-tocopherol to polyunsaturated fatty acids is generally sufficient to prevent manifestations of vitamin E deficiency without supplementation. Large parenteral doses of vitamin E have been purported to protect premature infants exposed to oxygen-enriched environments and mechanical ventilation from the complications of retrolental fibroplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Subsequent studies, however, have not yet substantiated encouraging early reports of these protective effects. At present, there seems to be no clearly established need for supplementing the premature infant's usual dietary intake of vitamin E. PMID- 6782857 TI - Acupuncture anesthesia in neurosurgery. AB - This paper explores the method of acupuncture anesthesia in craniocerebral operations: selection of cases and preoperative management; selection of acupuncture points and adjustment of stimulus parameters; preoperative administration of drugs and choice of proper adjuvants during the operation; and problems existing in craniocerebral operations during the application of acupuncture anesthesia and their countermeasures. The "triple contrary effects" of acupuncture anesthesia are considered, namely: anti-pain or analgesia, anti shock, and anti-infection. How acupuncture activates the analgesic effects of the organism is discussed: the spinal afferent pathway for the needling sensations; the role of the caudate nucleus in acupuncture analgesia; and the co-relationship between endorphin in the cerebrospinal fluid and acupuncture analgesia. PMID- 6782858 TI - Candida septicemia and right atrial mass secondary to umbilical vein catheterization. PMID- 6782859 TI - Rhabdomyolysis in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - A 2-year-old boy became ill with diabetic ketoacidosis complicated by severe rhabdomyolysis. He completely recovered from the rhabdomyolysis, but has persistent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Serological studies showed that the patient's serum contained high titers of coxsackievirus B4 antibody, suggesting that the development of rhabdomyolysis and IDDM may have been related to this infection. A review of the records of 133 patients admitted with onset of IDDM disclosed one additional patient with marked myoglobinuria, and 11 patients with orthotolidine-positive urine in the absence of hematuria. These findings suggest that myoglobinuria may not be uncommon at the onset of IDDM. PMID- 6782860 TI - Paralysis of diaphragm complicating central venous alimentation. PMID- 6782861 TI - Long-term treatment of systemic mastocytosis with histamine H2 receptor antagonists. AB - A patient with systemic mastocytosis, accompanied by gastric hypersecretion and duodenal ulcer, was treated with metiamide followed by daily cimetidine for 44 months. Treatment with cimetidine resulted in healing of the ulcer, without recurrence and marked amelioration of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis. Complete suppression of basal gastric hypersecretion was documented after 33 months of treatment and cimetidine and Vitamin B12 absorption remained normal. Cimetidine reduced the patient's cutaneous response to intradermal histamine without affecting leucocyte histamine release. No cimetidine toxicity was observed. These results indicate that effective long-term control of histamine induced gastric hypersecretion can be achieved with cimetidine. They suggest that some of the cutaneous symptoms of mastocytosis are mediated via histamine H2 receptors in the skin. PMID- 6782863 TI - Transmission of multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis: report of a school and community outbreak. AB - An outbreak of tuberculosis in 1976 was caused by mycobacteria resistant to isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (SM), and para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS). High rates of infection associated with exposure to the index case suggested that transmission of resistant organisms had occurred, and the subsequent appearance of bacteriologically proven INH-SM-PAS-resistant tuberculosis in four school contacts of the index case confirmed this fact. Retrospective investigation revealed that the school outbreak was part of an ongoing community outbreak dating back at least to 1964. Through the use of case histories, drug susceptibility patterns, and phage typing, 15 documented and seven presumed INH SM-PAS-resistant, epidemiologically linked cases were found; two of these persons died of tuberculosis. Six additional cases with INH-SM-PAS resistance that could not be epidemiologically linked to the outbreak were also identified. The potential of drug-resistant strains for causing disease in humans should not underestimated. PMID- 6782862 TI - Gastric pepsin secretion after prolonged use of cimetidine. AB - Eleven patients with proven duodenal ulcer disease but no crater endoscopically were placed on a double-blind, 12-month study of cimetidine vs. placebo b.i.d. There was no evidence of either pepsin or acid rebound hypersecretion at the end of the 12-month study and no obvious differences in this small number of patients between placebo and cimetidine treatment. PMID- 6782864 TI - Pathogenesis of antibody-induced acquired von Willebrand Syndrome. AB - A patient with clinical and laboratory evidence of von Willebrand syndrome is described in association with an IgG-kappa immunoglobulin and Bence-Jones proteinuria due to a probable lymphoproliferative disorder. He had a persistently prolonged bleeding time of greater than 20 minutes, factor VIII related antigen (VIII:R.Ag), factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII ristocetin co-factor (VIIIR:Rcof) below 10%. Following cryoprecipitate or high purity factor VIII concentrate infusion, he had the expected immediate rise in VIII:C, VIII:R.Ag, and VIIIR:Rcof, but there was a rapid decline in all three components within two hours. The larger forms of VIII:R.Ag were preferentially removed from the plasma, and this paralleled the fall in plasma VIIIR:Rcof level. However, no inhibitory activity could be demonstrated in vitro using the patient's plasma or IgG. Using protein A it was possible to demonstrate that his plasma or IgG bound factor VIII and that this complex retained its biological activity in vitro. It is postulated that the monoclonal IgG forms complexes with factor VIII in vivo and these are rapidly removed by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). PMID- 6782866 TI - Chelating agent in non-USP calcium gluconate injection. PMID- 6782865 TI - Acid lipase cross-reacting material in Wolman disease and cholesterol ester storage disease. AB - Material cross-reacting with antibodies to acid lipase was demonstrated in fibroblasts of three patients with Wolman disease and three with cholesterol ester storage disease. Quantitation of the immunologically cross-reacting material (CRM) by a single radial immunodiffusion method revealed normal levels in both mutant cell types. CRM specific activity toward triolein and cholesteryl oleate was reduced about 200-fold in the Wolman disease fibroblasts and 50- to 100-fold in the cholesterol ester storage disease cells when compared to normal. PMID- 6782867 TI - Clinical implications of preserving TPN solutions with sodium acetate. PMID- 6782868 TI - Drug waste in long-term care facilities: impact of drug distribution system. AB - The incidence and cost of drug waste in a long-term care facility (LTCF) were compared for a unit dose and a traditional (30-day card) distribution system. Drug records for 74 LTCF patients were reviewed retrospectively to determine the number of drugs ordered and doses dispensed during a four-month period via a unit dose distribution system. Based on the same drug orders, the number of doses that would have been dispensed with a 30-day card system was projected. The drug costs and wastage costs for the two distribution systems were compared. The mean number of drugs ordered per patient was 5.86. differences between the two systems, mean number of doses dispensed per order, and their average cost per drug order were not statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Of the total number of doses that would have been dispensed via the 30-day card system, 12.98% would have been wasted, representing 13.07% of the total drug costs. Because the unit dose system eliminates the drug wastage associated with a 30-day card system, it has a positive impact on LTCF drug costs. PMID- 6782869 TI - Clinical comparison of two 8.5% amino acid injection products. AB - A comparative clinical trial of Travasol 8.5% without electrolytes and FreAmine II 8.5% was performed. Thirty-six patients were admitted to the double-blind study and assigned randomly to receive either Travasol (16 patients) or FreAmine II (20 patients). All patients had abnormal renal and liver function. Nitrogen balance was compared, and metabolic complications were monitored by evaluating BUN, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, serum CO2, SGOT, SGPT, serum LDH, and serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no significant differences found in nitrogen balance of patients receiving either Travasol or FreAmine (p greater than 0.05). The Bun for days 1--5 in the Travasol group was significantly greater (p = 0.02), but the difference (3 mg/dl) was not considered clinically significant. All other comparative measurements of renal function, liver function, and acid-base balance remained the same throughout the study period (p greater than 0.05). Based on these results, the use of either FreAmine II or Travasol can promote positive nitrogen balance in a TPN patient population with normal renal and hepatic function with no difference in metabolic complications. PMID- 6782870 TI - Bretylium tosylate intravenous admixture compatibility. II: Dopamine, lidocaine, procainamide, and nitroglycerin. PMID- 6782872 TI - Pharmacist involvement in home parenteral nutrition programs. AB - The results of a national survey of hospital-based home parenteral nutrition (HPN) programs are reported. Questionnaires were mailed to 70 hospitals that were though to have HPN programs. The response rate was 90%, with 51 (73%) usable questionnaires. The "typical" hospital providing HPN services was a private, nonprofit greater-than-400-bed, university-affiliated teaching hospital. HPN programs had been in operation a mean of three years; most served two patients or less. Hospital pharmacies prepared the nutrition solutions 57% of the time; in 25% of the programs, the fluids were prepared at home. Most HPN programs had patient education and training activities. Pharmacists and physicians were most commonly responsible fo monitoring patients' laboratory results. Most HPN programs (90%) were reimbursed for solutions and supplies; 20% were reimbursed for patient education. PMID- 6782871 TI - Rational use of intravenous fat emulsions. AB - The composition, effect on blood components, relative value compared with intravenous dextrose, clinical applications as a caloric and fatty acid source, adverse reactions, limitations, and administration of intravenous fat emulsions are reviewed. Fat emulsions provide essential fatty acids and calories and are primarily used to supplement of parenteral nutrition regimens. Their use as a major source of calories remains limited because of cost. However, the trend toward aligning intravenous nutrition to that of the normal diet and the increased demand for peripherally administered parenteral nutrition have increased demand for use. The advantages and disadvantages presented may be used by clinicians to assist in establishing the role of intravenous fat therapy in nutritional support services. PMID- 6782873 TI - Radiation heart disease. Analysis of 16 young (aged 15 to 33 years) necropsy patients who received over 3,500 rads to the heart. AB - Certain clinical and necropsy findings are described in 16 young (aged 15 to 33 years) patients who received greater than 3,500 rads to the heart five to 144 months before death. All 16 had some radiation-induced damage to the heart: 15 had thickened pericardia (five of whom had evidence of cardiac tamponade); eight had increased interstitial myocardial fibrosis, particularly in the right ventricle; 12 had fibrous thickening of the mural endocardium and 13 of the valvular endocardium. Except for valvular thickening, the changes were more frequent in the right side of the heart than in the left, presumably because of higher radiation doses to the anterior surface of the heart. In six of the 16 study patients and in one of 10 control subjects, one or more major epicardial coronary arteries were narrowed from 76 to 100 percent in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque; one patient had a healed myocardial infarct at necropsy and one died suddenly. In 10 patients and in the 10 control subjects, the four major epicardial coronary arteries were examined quantitatively: 6 percent of the 469 five millimeter segments of coronary artery from the patients were narrowed from 76 to 100 percent (controls = 0.2 percent, p = 0.06) and 22 percent were narrowed from 51 to 75 percent (controls = 12 percent). The proximal portion of the arteries in the patients had significantly more narrowing than the distal portions. The arterial plaques in the patients were largely composed of fibrous tissue; the media were frequently replaced by fibrous tissue, and the adventitia were often densely thickened by fibrous tissue. In five patients, there was focal thickening (with or without luminal narrowing) of the intramural coronary arteries. Thus, radiation to the heart may produce a wide spectrum of functional and anatomic changes but particularly damage to the pericardia and the underlying epicardial coronary arteries. PMID- 6782874 TI - Transplantation of insulin-producing tissue. AB - A series of new findings have shown that it is possible to prevent rejection of islet allografts and islet xenografts in animals without the continued use of immunosuppressive agents. The survival of allografts of rat islets has been prolonged for more than 100 days by in vitro culture of the islets at 24 degrees C for seven days prior to transplantation in conjunction with a single injection of rat antilymphocyte serum at the time of transplantation, Xenograft survival of rat islets transplanted into diabetic mice has been prolonged for more than 100 days by the use of culture of rat islets at low temperature, with a single injection of antiserums to mouse and rat lymphocytes at the time of transplantation. Rejection of established islet allografts in rats was induced by the injection of donor peritoneal exudate cells and donor T lymphocytes, whereas the injection of B lymphocytes did not induce rejection. The pretreatment regimens used for prolonging islet allograft and xenograft survival apparently destroy or alter passenger leukocytes in the grafts, and it would appear that these cells are needed for the induction of immune recognition by the recipient. Islet cells in mice express products of the H-2K and H-2D loci, but the cells do not express the I region (Ia) antigens. These new developments in the prevention of immune rejection of the islets raise the question as to whether these approaches may be applicable to the transplantation of islets into human subjects with diabetes. PMID- 6782875 TI - Sulfonylureas and platelet function. AB - The platelets of many patients with diabetes mellitus are abnormally sensitive to the effects of aggregatory agents in vitro. It has been proposed that this abnormal platelet function may play a role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease in diabetic subjects. We have investigated the effects of six weeks of treatment with the sulfonylurea agents gliclazide and glyburide on platelet aggregation in 10 noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. During treatment with diet alone, the platelets of these patients were abnormally sensitive to aggregation in response to 1 microM of adenosine diphosphate, as compared with those in normal controls. Treatment with both drugs normalized ADP-induced aggregation in these patients. Treatment with glyburide significantly reduced aggregation in response to 10 microM of epinephrine and collagen at 750 microgram/ml. The alteration in platelet function did not correlate with the improvement in plasma glucose concentration, thus suggesting that this may be an effect of the drug. Although one must be cautious in extrapolating these in vitro findings to the clinical situation, this alteration in platelet aggregatory function may be of importance in the prevention of vascular disease in diabetic subjects. PMID- 6782876 TI - The pathogenesis of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis associated with kidney transplantation. AB - The mechanism of persistent hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis developing after kidney transplantation was investigated in six patients. In five patients in whom acidosis failed to lower the urine pH below 5.5, an infusion of sodium sulfate also failed to lower the urine pH. Neutral phosphate infusion failed to increase the urine minus blood (U-B) carbon dioxide tension (pCO2) difference normally in these patients. This abnormal response to both maneuvers indicates the presence of a tubular defect for distal hydrogen ion secretion. In the remaining patient, spontaneous acidosis lowered the urine pH below 5.5 and increased the U-B pCO2 normally with the administration of phosphate, demonstrating that this patient's distal capacity for hydrogen secretion was intact. The plasma aldosterone level was low in this patient, and thus he had the acidification defect characteristic of aldosterone deficiency. Hyperkalemia developed in two patients; both were aldosterone-deficient, and they had a low fractional potassium excretion ion response to stimulation with sodium sulfate or acetazolamide. In all but one patient, who lost his kidney to accelerated rejection, chronic rejection developed. Homogeneous deposition of complement (C3) along the tubular basement membrane was found in three patients. Our data suggest that a secretory type of distal renal tubular acidosis can be an early sign of the immunologic process that leads to chronic rejection. PMID- 6782877 TI - Granulomatous mediastinitis due to Aspergillus flavus in a nonimmunosuppressed patient. AB - A patient with granulomatous mediastinitis due to Aspergillus flavus is described. A 22 year old black man presented with cough, fever and a right hilar mass. Mediastinal biopsies revealed granulomatous fibrosing mediastinitis with fungal elements compatible with aspergillus species. A flavus was isolated on culture of this material and later from sputum and bronchial washings. Studies of the patient's immune status revealed normal humoral and cellular immunity. No underlying neoplasm was found. The patient was treated with amphotericin B and 5 fluorocytosine but esophageal and superior vena caval compression developed and he died. This is the first reported case of granulomatous mediastinitis due to A. flavus in a patient whose immune responses were not suppressed (nonimmunosuppressed patient). Infection with Aspergillus species should be considered in the differential diagnosis of granulomatous mediastinitis. PMID- 6782879 TI - Application of benefit-to-cost analysis to an X-linked recessive cardiac and humeroperoneal neuromuscular disease. AB - Benefit-to-cost analysis (using standard economic methods) and the predictive tools of genetics are important in the assessment of genetic services for high burden, single gene disorders. We have studied 6 generations of a 167-member, stable, North Georgia kindred at risk for X-linked recessive humeroperoneal neuromuscular disease with cardiac conduction defects. This disorder began in affected males in the teen years, with total disability expected by the 3rd decade and death by age 50. Using known fecundity rates and Mendelian probabilities, 26.6 heterozygous females and 9.4 hemizygous affected males were expected in the currently developing generation. We compared the compensatory costs for families with affected males against costs of genetic intervention for this disorder. All costs and benefits were discounted to present values at 6% and 10% and a benefit-to-cost ratio was derived. At a 6% discount rate the benefit-to cost ratio was 21 to 1 while at a 10% discount rate the benefit-to-cost ratio was 14 to 1. We conclude that although this is an unusual X-linked muscular dystrophy, it constitutes a prototypic public and private expense which is largely preventable. The method of cost accounting within pedigrees has wide applicability. The results reemphasize the economic benefit of comprehensive public health programs in genetics, particularly in areas with stable, high risk populations. PMID- 6782878 TI - Genetic analysis of von Willebrand's disease in two large pedigrees: a multivariate approach. AB - Clinical and laboratory data, including polymorphic marker traits for linkage analysis, were collected from two large multigenerational families segregating for von Willebrand disease. A new approach to the identification of gene carriers in these families, combining pedigree segregation analysis with multivariate discriminant analysis, is applied. Whereas individually the clinical symptoms and the factor VIII related activities could not distinguish between hypotheses, it was possible to find a discriminant function-showing consistency of the data with a dominant gene hypothesis, but not with a recessive gene or an environmental hypothesis. This function is estimated to lead to 3.2% and 5.5% minimum misclassification of the genotypes, respectively, in the two families. The discriminant function could be used for other families, but is should be calibrated for the specific population in which it is used. Among the markers investigated, GPT is the most likely to be linked to von Willbrand's disease, with a maximum lod score of about unity at 15% recombination. PMID- 6782880 TI - Cost-benefit analysis in genetic disorders. PMID- 6782881 TI - Assessing the dialysis patient at home. PMID- 6782882 TI - Fetal toxicity of nitroprusside in the pregnant ewe. AB - Sodium nitroprusside, a direct-acting vasodilator, has been used to treat the hypertension associated with preeclampsia and eclampsia. Fatal cyanide intoxication has been reported during infusion of nitroprusside. We have investigated placental transfer and fetal toxicity of nitroprusside in the acute pregnant ewe model. A maternal intravenous infusion of nitroprusside solution was maintained at a rate sufficient to decrease mean maternal arterial pressure by 20% for 1 hour. Maternal and fetal levels of nitroprusside were in equilibrium at the 20 minute sample. Five of the eight animals exhibited tachyphylaxis to nitroprusside, and their fetuses died in utero with lethal levels of cyanide. No significant changes were observed in uterine blood flow. PMID- 6782883 TI - Rh-D factor in trophoblastic tumors: a possible cause of the high incidence in Asia. PMID- 6782885 TI - Sympathetic ophthalmia after pars plana vitrectomy-lensectomy for endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis. AB - A 71-year-old woman developed an endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis in her right eye. Because of the rapid progression she was treated by para plana vitrectomy-lensectomy and with antibiotics and corticosteroids. The patient improved after the antibiotic therapy. One month later she had a recurrence of the inflammatory signs in the same eye. Examination disclosed lens remnants in the vitreous. Because of the possibility of phacoallergic uveitis, she underwent a second vitrectomy. The corticosteroid dosage was increased. She did well until three months later when, while still taking corticosteroids, she noted loss of visual acuity in the left eye, accompanied by bilateral inflammatory signs. Sympathetic ophthalmia was suspected and the blind right eye was enucleated. The choroid was grossly unremarkable; the routine sections disclosed many inconspicuous foci of mononuclear infiltration. Tangential sections of flat embedded choroid, however, showed ill-defined nests of epithelioid cells containing phagocytosed melanin, supporting the diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of this complication after pars plana vitrectomy-lensectomy in the absence of nonsurgical trauma or other surgical procedures. PMID- 6782884 TI - Calcitropic hormone responsiveness during pregnancy. AB - Release of the calcitropic hormones parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) in-response to provocative stimuli was assessed in pregnant rhesus monkeys tested three times during gestation (corresponding to the end of each trimester) and again 6 weeks post partum. In the case of PTH, although basal levels were higher during pregnancy than post partum and tended to increase with advancing gestation, similar to observations in human subjects, the incremental response of the hormone to a hypocalcemic stimulus was diminished in pregnant animals and tended to lessen with advancing gestation. Basal CT levels were also increased during pregnancy but, in contrast to PTH, the incremental CT response to a provocative stimulus was generally greater during pregnancy than post partum and tended to increase with advancing gestation. The explanation of these findings may lie in differing degrees of hormone storage. These adjustments in maternal endocrine physiology regulating calcium metabolism would have the net effect of tending to preserve the maternal skeleton by protecting it from excessive resorption at times of hypocalcemia and promoting increased calcium storage during episodes of hypercalcemia. PMID- 6782886 TI - The effects of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and calcium ionophores on the biosynthesis of proparathormone and the formation and degradation of parathormone in bovine parathyroid tissue. AB - A comparative study of ultrastructural and biochemical effects of Tris and ionophores X537A and A23187 on bovine parathyroid tissue is presented. When parathyroid slices were incubated with 3H-leucine and 3H-lysine for 10 minutes alone or with Tris (50 mM), A23187 (9.5-19 microM) or X537A (8.5-17 microM), the incorporation of the amino acids into radioactive proparathormone (proPTH) was similar, indicating that biosynthesis of the hormone was not affected. After 120 minutes of incubation, however, Tris inhibited the conversion of proPTH to parathormone (PTH), judged by a decrease in cellular and secreted radioactive PTH and a corresponding increase in radioactive cellular proPTH. These changes were accompanied by marked dilatation of Golgi membranes. With both concentrations of A23187 and the low concentration of X537A there were no changes in amounts of radioactive proPTH, moderate decreases in cellular and secreted radioactive PTH, and little discernible distension of the Golgi membranes. At 17 microM X537A there was moderate increase in amount of radioactive proPTH, a marked decrease in amount of radioactive PTH and swelling of the Golgi membranes. Taken together, these findings suggest that Tris inhibited conversion of proPTH to PTH by disrupting the Golgi zone-the site of conversion of proPTH to PTH; that A23187 and the low concentration of X537A decreased production of PTH by enhancing its degradation; and that X537A at the higher concentration acted both by inhibiting conversion of proPTH to PTH and by enhancing the degradation of PTH. PMID- 6782887 TI - A study of tobacco carcinogenesis XX: mastocytoma induction in mice by cigarette smoke particulates ("cigarette tar"). AB - A significant incidence of cutaneous mastocytomas was observed in female mice of CAF1/J and ARS-HA (ICR) strains upon long-term application of cigarette smoke condensate suspensions ("tar"). The mastocytomas were not detected in control groups treated with acetone, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), nor in mice treated once with an initiator dose of 75 mg 7, 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The skin mastocytomas were constantly accompanied by diffuse dermal mast cell infiltration (DDMI), which was also seen in the tumor-free skin of the "tar"-treated mice. These results indicate that mastocytomas were induced by agents present in the cigarette smoke condensate. DDMI might be a precursor of mastocytomas. PMID- 6782888 TI - The otologic manifestations of mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses are frequently hard of hearing. This disorder is often conductive in nature and considered the result of chronic serous otitis media. Such patients frequently undergo myringotomy. A coexisting progressive neurosensory hearing loss in some children is recognized far less often. Examination of temporal bones in such patients suggests arrested development including incomplete pneumatization. Hair cell dysfunction is implicated in the neurosensory component. Close communication among pediatrician, otolaryngologist, and speech and hearing personnel is essential to maximize the communicative skills of these patients. PMID- 6782889 TI - Electrical stimulation of the liver cell: activation of glycogenolysis. AB - To examine the role of ionic factors in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, we examined the effects of electrical stimulation on liver glycogen cycle enzymes. Passage of electric current through a suspension of rat hepatocytes caused the conversion of glycogen phosphorylase to its active (a) form and the simultaneous conversion of glycogen synthase to its inactive (D) form. The rise in phosphorylase a activity was dependent on the magnitude of current flow, was detectable after 5 s of current flow, and was rapidly reversible on cessation of stimulation. The activation of phosphorylase by shocking was completely eliminated by depletion of cellular Ca2+ and was restored by readdition of Ca2+. Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels were unaffected by shocking. It is concluded that shocking, in the absence of any hormone or exogenous chemical, causes an increase in cytosol Ca2+, which in turn leads to activation of phosphorylase and inactivation of synthase. Electrical stimulation may serve as a model system for studying the role of ions in metabolic regulation. PMID- 6782890 TI - Effects of hyperosmolarity on basal and insulin-stimulated muscle sugar transport. AB - Xylose uptake was stimulated rapidly when rat soleus muscles were incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium made hyperosmolar by the addition of 200 mM mannitol. The stimulatory effect of hyperosmolarity increased as the concentration of mannitol was raised from 50 to 200 mM; above 200 mM, the effect tended to decline. Mannitol stimulated sugar transport submaximally compared with the effect of insulin. The stimulatory effect of hyperosmolarity persisted over a 60 min incubation period, but could be reversed by transferring the muscles to an isotonic incubation medium. Xylose uptake measured in the presence of insulin (0.1 U/ml) was depressed when muscles were exposed to concentrations of mannitol greater than 100 mM. This effect was not reversible; xylose uptake remained depressed when these muscles were transferred to an isotonic medium. Hyperosmolarity also depressed the binding of 125I-insulin irreversibly. These inhibitory effects of hyperosmolarity were associated with the lowering of muscle ATP. This effect on ATP provides an explanation for the inhibitory effects of hyperosmolarity on insulin-stimulated sugar transport and on insulin binding, in terms of the ATP-dependence of these two processes. PMID- 6782891 TI - Rates of protein synthesis and turnover in fetal life. AB - Uniformly labeled [14C]lysine was infused at constant rate into the inferior vena cava of eight ovine fetuses with gestational ages ranging from 110 to 145 days. The infusion lasted 9 to 13 h and produced a steady-state specific activity of free lysine in the fetal plasma. In the steady state, approximately 9% of the infused radioactivity was excreted by the fetus as 14CO2, indicating fetal catabolism of lysine. At the end of the infusion, the fetal carcass was analyzed for its total content of labeled and unlabeled lysine. The rate of protein synthesis was calculated from the carcass-to-plasma lysine specific activity ratio. The fractional rate constant (Ks) for the unidirectional flux of lysine into fetal proteins was inversely related (r = -0.88) to fetal age: Ks = 0.584 - 0.0036 age (days). In each fetus, Ks was 2-4 times greater than the estimated fractional rate of fetal protein accretion (KG). The discrepancy between Ks and KG demonstrates that a large fraction of protein synthesis in the ovine fetus is devoted to protein turnover. PMID- 6782892 TI - Urea secretion in medullary collecting duct of the rat kidney during water and mannitol diuresis. AB - During steady-state water or mannitol diuresis, the microcatheterization technique was used to study the handling of urea, fluid, sodium, potassium, and total solute along the length of the medullary collecting duct in anesthetized rats. During water diuresis, the remaining fraction of filtered urea increased along the collecting duct as indicated both by regression analysis of all samples and by comparison of paired data from the beginning and end of the duct [(TF/P)urea/In = 43.3 and 50.7%, respectively]. During mannitol diuresis, similar urea entry into the medullary collecting duct was observed, (TF/P)urea/In increasing from 60.7 to 66.5%. Comparison of collecting duct urea handling in proximal and distal segments (beginning to midzone and midzone to papillary tip) suggested that urea entry occurred to a greater extent in the distal portion of the medullary collecting duct. The results demonstrate urea secretion into the medullary collecting duct in diuretic states when urine flow is high and intratubular urea concentration low. Whether urea entry into the collecting duct is an active or passive process cannot be determined from this study, but comparison between urea concentrations in the papillary interstitial fluid and in the urine or tubular fluid raises the possibility of an active urea secretory mechanism in the collecting duct. PMID- 6782893 TI - Carbon dioxide permeability of rabbit proximal convoluted tubules. AB - CO2 kinetics were studied under conditions in which CO2 partial pressure and either the bicarbonate or hydrogen ion concentrations were unequal in perfusate and bath. A glass pH microelectrode and microcalorimeter were used to measure pH and total CO2 in perfused and collected fluids. Luminal appearance or disappearance of CO2 was determined from the change in concentrations of CO2 and acidic moieties of the buffers between perfused and collected fluids. The pH was not measurably affected by the tubule processes of metabolism, hydrogen ion secretion, and buffer transport because of relatively high flow rates. Since CO2 appearance and disappearance were directly related to CO2 partial pressure differences across the tubule (r = 0.94), this technique provides a valid estimate of transepithelial CO2 flux in response to the driving force of a CO2 partial pressure difference. From flux per unit of driving force and from estimates of resistances to CO2 diffusion in both internal and external unstirred layers, we obtained a transepithelial CO2 permeability of approximately 10(-4) cm3 . s-1 . cm tubule length-1. This corresponds to a diffusion coefficient through the tubule epithelium about half that through an equivalent thickness of water. We conclude that rabbit proximal convoluted tubules are so highly permeable to CO2 that even if all the filtered bicarbonate were reabsorbed by the generation of CO2 in the lumen, the tubular fluid CO2 partial pressure would exceed that of the peritubular blood by less than 4 mmHg. PMID- 6782894 TI - Acid secretion in fetal rat stomach in vitro. AB - In vivo fetal rat stomach produces HCl 48 h before birth. This study examines the mechanisms of H+ secretion from days 19 to 21 before birth. Isolated fetal stomachs were mounted as flat sheets in Ussing chambers for measurement of the transepithelial H+ fluxes (JH+) and short-circuit current (Isc), as indexes of the active ionic fluxes, and for measurement of total ionic conductance (G) and unidirectional mannitol fluxes from serosa to mucosa (JMans leads to m), as indexes of passive permeability. The results indicate that JH+ was absent at day 19 but reached 0.75 +/- 0.1 and 0.75 +/- 0.09 mueq . h-1 . cm-2 at days 20 and 21, respectively. Concomitantly, Isc increased significantly (56%) between days 19 and 20 in the direction of anion secretion or cation absorption. Parallel reductions in G (45%) and in JMans leads to m (66%) were observed between days 19 and 20. In conclusion, the simultaneous appearance of active H+ secretion and decreased passive transepithelial permeability strongly suggests that both processes are involved in the mechanism of acidification of the fetal rat stomach before birth. PMID- 6782895 TI - Secretin is an enterogastrone in the dog. AB - To determine the physiological significance of secretin on gastric secretion, effects of normal rabbit serum (control) and rabbit antisecretin serum (anti-S) on meat meal-stimulated gastric secretion of acid and pepsin from vagally innervated fundic pouches were studied in four dogs with gastric fistulas. The intravenous administration of control serum did not affect the postprandial rise in plasma secretin concentration, whereas intravenous anti-S virtually eliminated the circulating plasma secretin. Both plasma gastrin concentration and acid output following intravenous anti-S were significantly greater than those following intravenous control serum. However, pepsin outputs in the two groups of experiments were not significantly different. In the same dogs in the fasting state, during intravenous infusion of secretin in doses of 0.06 and 0.125 U . kg 1 . h-1, the acid output stimulated by intravenous human synthetic gastrin in a dose of 0.25 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1 was significantly less than that during intravenous saline. The studies indicate that secretin in a physiological dose can inhibit postprandial release of gastrin and gastric secretion of acid, and thus secretin is an enterogastrone in the dog. PMID- 6782897 TI - Animal models of schizophrenia. AB - The authors review some general issues concerning the development and use of animal models of schizophrenia and present a summary of the criteria necessary for validating models. They also describe some of the major attempts at creating animal models of schizophrenia, including drug and nondrug methods. They comment on the etiologic, phenomenologic, and treatment relevance of the various systems and suggest approaches that might produce improved animal models of schizophrenia. PMID- 6782896 TI - Cerebral carbohydrate and energy metabolism during hypoglycemia in newborn dogs. AB - The metabolic responses of the perinatal brain to hypoglycemia were studied in newborn dogs. Hypoglycemia, induced by the intravenous injection of regular insulin (0.2-0.3 U/g body wt), resulted in final blood glucose concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 mmol/l; blood lactate levels were little changed from normoglycemic values. Righting, sucking, and nociceptive withdrawal reflexes were progressively lost during the course of hypoglycemia. Slowing of the electroencephalogram was apparent at or below 1.5 mmol/l blood glucose and advanced to paroxysmal discharges and convulsive activity as glucose approached 0.5 mmol/l. In lightly anesthetized, paralyzed, and artificially ventilated puppies, blood glucose concentrations approximating 1.0 mmol/l were associated with a 91% reduction in cerebral glucose; the concentrations of other glycolytic intermediates (glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose 1,6 diphosphate, pyruvate, lactate) were unchanged from control. Further declines in blood glucose resulted in cerebral glucose levels below 0.1 mmol/kg as well as in partial depletions of all measured glycolytic intermediates including lactate. These changes reflect reduced cerebral glucose consumption and glycolytic flux. Despite the alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, both lactate/pyruvate ratios and high-energy phosphate reserves (phosphocreatine, ATP, ADP) in brain were well preserved even at the extreme of hypoglycemia. The present data, coupled with previous findings of enhanced lactic acid entry into and consumption by newborn dog brain, suggest that this metabolite serves as an important, if not the predominant, substitute fuel for cerebral oxidative metabolism during perinatal hypoglycemia. PMID- 6782898 TI - Oropouche virus. I. A review of clinical, epidemiological, and ecological findings. PMID- 6782899 TI - Serotypes of spotted fever group rickettsiae isolated from Dermacentor andersoni (Stiles) ticks in western Montana. AB - Adult Dermacentor andersoni ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in 18 canyons bordering the Bitterroot Valley, Montana, an area where nearly 400 cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) have occurred since 1900. Three hundred and nine (8.3%) of the 3,705 ticks collected contained hemocyte-associated rickettsia-like organisms of three morphologic types, coccobacillary, fine bacillary, and coarse bacillary (long forms). Only the coccobacillary and fine bacillary organisms stained with fluorescein-conjugated antibody specific for the spotted fever group. One hundred and six isolates of spotted fever-group rickettsiae obtained by inoculation of Vero cells with suspensions of hemolymph test-positive ticks were serologically typed by microimmunofluorescence. Four sharply distinct serotypes were obtained, including Rickettsia rickettsii (10 strains), R. montana (8 strains), R. rhipicephali (47 strains), and a hitherto undescribed serotype referred to as 369-C (41 strains). All but two isolates were obtained from west-side canyons where virtually all cases of RMSF had been acquired. The four serotypes were widely distributed on the west side as evidenced by their presence in 5-11 of the 13 collecting sites. Each serotype induced distinctive plaques and cytopathogenicity in Vero cell culture. PMID- 6782900 TI - Experimental infection of ectoparasitic arthropods with Rickettsia prowazekii (GvF-16 strain) and transmission to flying squirrels. AB - Epizootiologic studies conducted during the past few years showed the existence of widespread natural infection of the southern flying squirrel, Glaucomys volans, with epidemic typhus rickettsiae, Rickettsia prowazekii. The ecological findings strongly implicated transmission of the etiologic agent by an arthropod vector. Studies were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to determine whether ectoparasites naturally associated with flying squirrels (squirrel fleas, lice, mites and ticks) were capable of acquiring, maintaining and transmitting the infection. Also studied were the cat flea, oriental rat flea and the human body louse. Flying squirrels inoculated with the GvF-16 strain of R. prowazekii circulated rickettsiae in their blood for 2-3 weeks, thus providing ample opportunity for arthropods feeding on them to become infected. The results with Dermacentor variabilis ticks indicated that the rickettsiae did not consistently survive in this insect and were not passed to the eggs of adult females that had been infected subcuticularly. Mites became infected by feeding on infectious blood but failed to sustain the infection. Also, mites fed on an infected flying squirrel did not transmit the infection to a normal squirrel. Squirrel, cat, and oriental rat fleas readily became infected by feeding on a rickettsemic host or on infectious blood through membranes, but failed to transmit the infection to susceptible flying squirrels. In the studies with flying squirrel lice, however, transmission of epidemic typhus from infected to uninfected flying squirrels was demonstrated. Infection of the human body louse with the GvF-16 flying squirrel strain of R. prowazekii was similar to that previously observed with classical human strains, viz., multiplication of the rickettsiae and excretion in the feces. PMID- 6782901 TI - Host feeding profiles of Rhodnius pallescens (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in rural villages of Central Panama. AB - Rhodnius pallescens, reported to be the principal vector of Chagas' disease in central Panama, has been shown to feed on opossums, anteaters, sloths, rodents, birds and, rarely, lizards in sylvatic habitats in this country; however, the extent of its anthropophagic affinities in rural areas has never been determined. The host selections of 1,340 R. pallescens from domestic and peridomestic habitats of three Panamanian villages were determined by microcapillary precipitin tests. Slightly more than half of the triatomines collected in houses and nearby palm trees and bird nests had fed on humans. Opossums, which are important reservoirs of Trypanosoma cruzi in Panama, were the second most frequently selected host. The importance for the transmission of Chagas' disease to humans of the close relationship between the principal vector and reservoir in sylvatic and peridomestic environments and the anthropophagy of the former is discussed. Pigeons and chickens were the dominant bloodmeal sources of triatomines collected in their respective shelters. The roof rat, Rattus rattus, was the third most common mammalian host, and may represent an ancillary reservoir in the transmission of Chagas' diseases in rural areas of Panama. PMID- 6782902 TI - Pneumonitis in congenital Chagas' disease. A study of ten cases. AB - Ten cases of pneumonitis in congenital Chagas' disease are described. Amastigotes were found in the lungs in seven cases, and in two of these cases parasitized cells were seen in the alveolar lumen. In five cases parasites were found both in the lungs and in the amniotic epithelium of the extraplacental membranes and umbilical cord. The authors conclude that infection of the amniotic epithelium originated in the lungs and was carried by the amniotic fluid, and emphasize the epidemiological importance of infection of the amniotic fluid as a probable means of transmission of Chagas' disease among professionals working in the area of obstetrics. PMID- 6782903 TI - Tissue-reacting immunoglobulins in patients with different clinical forms of Chagas' disease. AB - Antibodies against endocardium, blood vessels, interstitium, and plasma membrane of skeletal and heart muscle cells (EVI), as well as antibodies against structures from peripheral nerve (PN), were studied in serum samples from 27 individuals with negative Trypanosoma cruzi serology and 102 seropositive individuals with or without Chagas' disease from the State of Goias, Brazil. Although significantly higher titers of EVI and PN antibodies were found in some of the seropositive individuals their presence was not correlated with the clinical symptoms and signs which characterize the chronic stage of the disease, nor with the severity of the disease. PMID- 6782904 TI - Carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of high anal fistula. AB - Three high anal fistulas were treated with a carbon dioxide laser beam. The laser vaporizes the tissue and, because of the accurate focus of the apparatus, causes no damage around the path of the beam. This method was used to core out the fistula tract, and resulted in good healing. PMID- 6782905 TI - Investigations on the influence of whole body X-irradiation on the activity of rat lens aldose reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.21). AB - The influence of whole body X-irradiation on the activity of the enzyme aldose reductase (E.C. 1.1.1.21) in the lenses of young rats was investigated. Immediately after irradiation there was no difference between the activity of the enzyme in irradiated and nonirradiated animals. Within 10 days after irradiation, significant differences developed. There was a constant increase of the activity in the control lenses, while the activity in the irradiated lenses remained nearly constant. There was no remarkable difference between the two groups 10 days after irradiation with respect to the kinetics of the enzyme. This meant that irradiation does not affect the enzyme present at the moment of application, but the influence of 440 rad X-irradiation effects an obvious decrease in the synthesis of the enzyme. PMID- 6782906 TI - A new electrophoretic method for the separation of disaccharides obtained by digestion of chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate with chondroitinases. PMID- 6782907 TI - A gas chromatographic method for the analysis of lipoic acid in biological samples. PMID- 6782908 TI - A percolator vaporizer heated by reaction of neutralization of lime by carbon dioxide. AB - To improve the humidification of anesthetic gases without use of electricity and its associated dangers the principle of the coffee percolator has been applied to a new vaporizer. Coffee percolators work by introducing steam-driven spurts of boiling water into a perforated coffee container. A water vaporizer, which functions on this principle, was used substituting the fresh gas inflow of an anesthesia machine as the driving gas. The vaporizer was placed in the center of the lime canister of a circle system with coaxial-valved respiratory limbs. The gas-water mixture percolated through a multiple wire mesh gauze filter that prevented the introduction of water droplets into respiratory channels. All gases emerging from the bottom of the canister and reaching the inspiratory valve passed through the vaporizer above water level. The circuit delivered gases containing 4 to 9 mg of H2O/L above saturated values at ambient temperature (20.5 mg of H2O/L) within 15 minutes, if the fresh gas inflow was set at 2.5 L/min. PMID- 6782909 TI - Hyponatremia after mannitol administration in the presence of renal failure. PMID- 6782910 TI - Biotransformation of sevoflurane in dogs and rats. AB - Sevoflurane, 3% and 4% in oxygen was administered to four dogs for 3 hours. Sevoflurane was metabolized to inorganic fluoride and hexafluoroisopropanol. Serum fluoride concentrations reached peak values during 2 to 3 hours into anesthesia and averaged 18.5 micrometer/L (n = 2) and 20.0 +/- 4.8 (mean +/- SD) micrometer/L (n = 4) following 3% and 4% sevoflurane exposure, respectively. They returned to normal values within 24 hours after anesthesia. Hexafluoroisopropanol was excreted in the urine as glucuronide conjugate. Its elimination was essentially complete within 48 hours after the end of exposure to sevoflurane. During inhalation of 4% sevoflurane, blood concentration of the anesthetic reached an average apparent steady state of 0.765 +/- 0.10 micrometer/L (n = 4). No anesthetic was detected in blood 24 hours after this exposure. Rats were anesthetized with 2% sevoflurane for 2 and 4 hours. Immediately after anesthesia, observed mean (n = 6) serum fluoride concentrations were 2.9 +/- 0.5 micrometer/L and 2.5 +/- 0.6 micrometer/L, respectively. Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction produced by pretreatment with either phenobarbital or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) resulted in an approximately 5-fold increase in serum fluoride concentrations following anesthesia with sevoflurane when compared to noninduced rats exposed to sevoflurane. A comparison of serum fluoride concentrations between the rat and dog indicates that the amount of sevoflurane metabolized is lower in the rat than in the dog, and the fluoride concentrations observed in both animal species during sevoflurane anesthesia are not expected to produce nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6782911 TI - Strain differences in minimum anesthetic concentrations in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An ether-resistant strain of Drosophila melanogaster has been maintained at this laboratory since the appearance of one female mutant in 1961. Sensitivity was defined using mortality as an endpoint when exposed to a high concentration of diethylether; this does not necessarily mean that anesthetic requirements are higher in the resistant strain. The present study was undertaken to determine the difference in anesthetic potency between the ether-resistant strain (Eth-29) and one of the sensitive strains (bw;st;svn). The median effective dose (ED50) for halothane was 0.0096 atm in females and 0.0091 atm in males of the bw;st;svn strain, while in the Eth-29 strain the ED50 was 0.0148 atm in both sexes. The ED50 values for chloroform anesthesia were 0.0051 atm in females and 0.0050 atm in males of the bw;st;svn strain and 0.0100 atm in the Eth-29 strain in both sexes. Strain differences in response to the two anesthetics were statistically significant. Thus the Eth-29 strain shows a cross-resistance to both halothane and chloroform anesthesia. Reciprocal crosses between the two strains revealed that the resistance to halothane anesthesia was a sex-linked recessive trait and that the resistance to chloroform anesthesia was an autosomal incompletely dominant trait. PMID- 6782913 TI - Intranasal administration of nitroglycerin. PMID- 6782912 TI - Minimum alveolar concentrations and oil/gas partition coefficients of four anesthetic isomers. AB - We determined the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of four structural isomers having the empirical formula C3H2F5CIO in dogs. MAC for three of the four isomers (including isoflurane and enflurane) ranged from 1.41 to 2.67 (volumes per cent at one atmosphere pressure). The olive oil/gas partition coefficients at 37 degrees C for these isomers ranged from 90.8 to 96.6. In contrast, MAC for the fourth isomer, compound 485, was 12.53 per cent atm. However, the oil/gas partition coefficient for that compound was 25.8. These results suggest that isomer 485, despite its high MAC, does not deviate strikingly from the established correlation between anesthetic potency and lipid solubility. PMID- 6782915 TI - Different approaches to the treatment of ergotism: a review of three cases. PMID- 6782914 TI - [Intensive therapy and the functional diagnosis of young infants in France (a review)]. PMID- 6782916 TI - Plasma progesterone concentration in the bovine before abortion or parturition in pregnant animals exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Pregnant cows in the 4th and 5th month of the gestation were exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi, Campylobacter fetus, or Aspergillus fumigatus. Plasma progesterone concentrations were determined at intervals from before the cows were exposed until they had aborted or calved. The plasma progesterone concentration of the exposed pregnant cattle remained at 3.95 +/- 2.0 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition, when it decreased to below 1.00 ng/ml. This pattern was similar for cattle exposed to each of the infective agents. Thus, changes in progesterone concentrations in bovine plasma cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for fetal distress or fetal death. PMID- 6782917 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme-labeled antiglobulin test for anti-Brucella immunoglobulin G among 3 cattle populations. AB - Antibody to smooth Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide antigen on the surface of polystyrene tubes was detected with peroxidase-labeled antibody against bovine immunoglobulin G. The enzyme-labeled antiglobulin test (ELAT) activity of samples was expressed in arbitrary units/0.01 ml by reference to a standard curve based on tests of dilutions of a positive serum pool. Reactions greater than 3.0 U/0.01 ml were classified positive because specificity at this level was 99.8% (417/418 samples correctly classified negative) with agglutination test-negative sera from 33 Brucella-free herds. Results of the ELAT were compared with results of agglutination tests and the complement-fixation test (CFT), using 430 sera from cattle in 7 infected herds. Activity of greater than 5.0 ELAT U/0.01 ml was detected in all 54 sera classified as positive (titer greater than 1:10) by the CFT, including 5 sera classified as negative by the tube agglutination test. Sera from 8 nonvaccinated cows in the infected herds reacted only by the ELAT, whereas reactions were obtained with 25 and 5 sera by only agglutination tests and the CFT, respectively. The ELAT and CFT results were in agreement for 25 of 26 sera from agglutination test-reactor cattle in herds of unknown status. Comparisons of milk ring and whey agglutination tests with the whey ELAT on 146 quarter samples from cows in an infected herd revealed no ELAT activity greater than or equal to 1.0 U/0.01 ml in the 73 samples considered negative by the 2 other tests. Samples (n = 47) that contained greater than or equal to 1.0 ELAT U/0.01 ml included all (n = 40) samples with milk ring or whey agglutination titers greater than or equal to 1:16 and greater than or equal to 32, respectively, and 7 samples that gave weaker reactions to the latter tests. PMID- 6782918 TI - Sarcocystis infections in Georgia swine. AB - Tissues from 168 mature sows obtained at slaughter in northern and southern Georgia were examined for infection with Sarcocystis spp. Digestion techniques revealed zoites in 28 (16.5%) sows. Infected meat was fed to laboratory-reared dogs, cats, raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didelphis marsupialis). Dogs and raccoons shed sporocysts (8.3 mum X 11.2 mum) 12 to 14 days after infection. Cats and opossums were refractory to infection. Sarcocystis-free pigs were infected with 50,000 sporocysts of swine-dog origin. Tissues from laboratory infected swine were fed to dogs and raccoons. Both species shed sporocysts 14 days later. This is the 1st time in which a definitive host has been demonstrated for species of Sarcocystis occurring in North American swine. The raccoon constitutes a new definitive host for S suicanis Erber 1977. In contrast to previously reported low prevalences of Sarcocystis infections in swine, the relatively high prevalence reported here indicates that S suicanis may be of importance to swine producers in Georgia. PMID- 6782919 TI - Sarcocystis species in moose (Alces alces), bison (Bison, bison), and pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in Montana. AB - The transmission of Sarcocystis spp from naturally infected moose, bison, and pronghorn was attempted in laboratory-raised coyotes and dogs. Infected musculature from a moose was feed to a dog and a coyote, and 12 days later, both animals shed sporocysts. Sporocysts were 14 to 17 X 8.5 to 10.5 micron (av 14.5 X 8.8). A coyote was fed muscle from a bison, and 11 days later, it shed sporocysts. The sporocysts were 14 to 16 X 9 to 11 micron (14.0 X 9.0). Infected tissues from a pronghorn were fed to a dog; the dog did not shed sporocysts. Two morphologically distinct sarcocysts (thick walled and thin walled) were found in masculature of a moose. The name, Sarcocystis alceslatrans, sp n, is proposed for the thin-walled sarcocysts in the mouse. PMID- 6782920 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to Brucella abortus in bovine milk and serum. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was evaluated for the detection of antibodies to Brucella abortus in cows milk. Milk samples from seropositive or -negative cows were sed to determine the distribution of absorbance values to classify milk as ELISA positive or ELISA negative. Brucella abortus was isolated from milk samples from 10 (45%) of the 22 cows whose milk and serum were ELISA positive. The ELISA was evaluated and determined to be an appropriate method for detecting antibodies to B abortus in bovine milk. PMID- 6782921 TI - Evaluation of the agar-gel immunodiffusion test in the diagnosis of canine blastomycosis. AB - The agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to evaluated 35 dogs with histopathologically confirmed blastomycosis and 98 dogs without blastomycosis. The test had a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 96%. Thirteen of the dogs treated for blastomycosis were tested at 6 to 33 months after treatment with amphotericin B. Ten of 13 dogs became seronegative and 3, though clinically normal, remained seropositive at 19, 20, and 20 months, respectively, after amphotericin treatment. PMID- 6782922 TI - As I see it: home care offers a cost effective alternative. PMID- 6782923 TI - Buffered hydrochloric acid: a modern method of treating metabolic alkalosis. AB - Twenty-one patients with metabolic alkalosis were treated successfully with intravenous hydrochloric acid (HCl) buffered in an amino acid solution (TPN). No complications of HCl were seen. TPN was used to meet energy needs and provide a buffering effect through the interaction of HCl and amino acids. Buffered HCl therapy should be considered as the initial treatment in patients with metabolic alkalosis associated with congestive heart failure, renal failure, hepatic failure, cerebral edema, or refractory metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6782924 TI - [Graves-Basedow disease in a child. Apropos of a case treated with lithium carbonate]. PMID- 6782925 TI - Amphetamine-induced hyperthyroxinemia. AB - Four patients had high serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations during periods of heavy amphetamine abuse. After amphetamine was withdrawn, serum T4 returned to normal. Administration of amphetamine to monkeys induced a rise in serum T4; in this model the high T4 level appeared to be caused by increased serum thyrotropin. The mechanism of this effect is unclear but is presumably mediated via the hypothalamus. Awareness of transient hyperthyroxinemia due to amphetamine may allow the physician to avoid confusion with true thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6782926 TI - Monitoring of methotrexate delivery in patients with malignant brain tumors after osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption. AB - Reversible transient osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption was used to increase drug delivery to the brain. Methotrexate was administered 33 times to six patients with brain tumors after barrier disruption. No permanent complications were seen. Serial enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scans and quantification by CT tomographic number indicated that disruption increased drug delivery to the tumor and immediate surrounding brain. Neuroradiologic evaluation showed that drug in the tumor persisted longer after barrier disruption than when delivered without disruption. The concentration of methotrexate in spinal fluid did not correlate with the degree of barrier disruption measured by CT and radionuclide scans. In one patient an anatomic variation in the circle of Willis resulted in barrier disruption extending into the posterior fossa without ill effect. Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption appears to be a safe procedure in man, able to increase drug delivery to both malignant brain tumors and surrounding brain parenchyma. PMID- 6782927 TI - Increased factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen and von Willebrand factor activity in scleroderma and in Raynaud's phenomenon. AB - Von Willebrand factor activity and factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (fVIII/vWf) antigen concentrations were evaluated in 17 patients with scleroderma, nine patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, and eight control volunteers. Higher circulating levels of both activities were seen: von Willebrand factor, 374% +/- 40% (percent of control values) in scleroderma patients, 502% +/- 104% in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and 102% +/- 6% in control subjects (p less than 0.005, scleroderma versus control): fVIII/vWf antigen, 255% +/- 24% in scleroderma patients; 271% +/- 46% in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon, and 99% +/- 4% in control subjects (p less than 0.005, scleroderma versus control). Because endothelial cells synthesize and secrete both substances, the role of endothelial injury in vitro was investigated. Wound injury induced a 344% +/- 33% increase in von Willebrand factor and a 115% +/- 5% increases in fVIII/vWf antigen; cold injury induced 644% +/- 66% and 150% +/- 10% increases, and cytotoxic endothelial injury induced 1055% +/- 83% and 185% +/- 20% increases. In five patients with scleroderma, cold exposure led to a further increase in both activities. The observed increase of both activities in scleroderma and Raynaud's phenomenon may reflect in-vivo endothelial injury and regeneration in these related conditions. PMID- 6782928 TI - Tocainide-associated interstitial pneumonitis. PMID- 6782929 TI - Nitroprusside or nitroglycerin. PMID- 6782930 TI - Comparison of lysine acetylsalicylate and oxycodone in postoperative pain following upper abdominal surgery. AB - Intravenous lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) and oxycodone were compared under double-blind conditions for analgesia after upper abdominal surgery in sixty patients anaesthetized by N2O--O2--halothane--relaxant technique. Either 125 mg/10 kg or 250 mg/10 kg LAS or 0.4 mg/10 kg or 0.8 mg/10 kg oxycodone was randomly administered when the patients complained of moderate or severe postoperative pain. When 30 min had elapsed following the injection of the test drug, oxycodone was given in 4 mg increments on demand until adequate pain relief was achieved. At 15 min postdrug, the lower dose of LAS offered significantly less pain relief than all other test drugs. At 30 min, the effect of the higher dose of LAS reached almost the analgesic level of the higher dose of oxycodone but only the latter provided significantly (P less than 0.05) better analgesia than the low dose of LAS. About 50% less additional narcotic supplementation was demanded following higher doses of both drugs when compared to lower ones. LAS 250 mg/10 kg (c. 1.8 g/70 kg) was found approximately equipotent to oxycodone 0.8 mg/10 kg (c. 6 mg/70 kg). However, LAS had a slower onset of action. Sweating seemed to occur more frequently after LAS than oxycodone, but significant changes in respiratory rate or sedation following LAS-oxycodone combinations when compared to oxycodone alone were not noted. The results show that for analgesia after upper abdominal surgery, 1.8 g of LAS may be substituted for about 6 mg of oxycodone. PMID- 6782931 TI - Evaluation of laboratory tests in hospitals. AB - The use of laboratory tests in the management of 174 randomly selected patients admitted as acute medical emergencies was monitored in detail. The occasions when a test result changed patient management, and the nature of that change, were noted. Tests were classified according to information yielded and the importance of any action taken. For biochemistry alone every test result was costed. A ranking for all tests was produced, in terms of expected actions per test, and for biochemistry a 'value for money' table giving actions per pound spent. Every test request was classified as either discretionary or non-discretionary. The discretionary category was further subdivided into diagnostic and monitoring. The values, in terms of action-producing results, of non-discretionary, diagnostic, and monitoring tests were compared, and this comparison showed that the cost per item of helpful information was about 10 pounds for diagnostic, 23 pounds for monitoring, and 20 pounds for non-discretionary tests. In total, 1790 pounds was spent, and 28 items of unique information were yielded, enabling clinicians to discharge five patients, take seven courses of action which would have had serious consequences if omitted, and 16 actions the omission of which would have led to very serious consequences. PMID- 6782932 TI - Validity of transcobalamin II-based radioassay for the determination of serum vitamin B12 concentrations. AB - A valid radioassay for the estimation of serum vitamin B12 in the presence of naturally occurring vitamin B12 (= cobalamin) analogues can be operated if serum transcobalamin II (TC II) is used as the binding protein. Serum samples that gave diagnostically discrepant results when their vitamin B12 content was analysed (i) by a commercial radioassay known to be susceptible to interference from cobalamin analogues, and (ii) by microbiological assay, were further analysed by an alternative radioassay which uses the transcobalamins (principally TC II) of diluted normal serum as the assay binding protein. Concordance between the results from microbiological assay and the TC II-based radioassay was found in all cases. In an extended study over a three-year period, all routine serum samples sent for vitamin B12 analysis that had a vitamin B12 content of less than 320 ng/l by the TC II-based radioassay (reference range 200-850 ng/l) were reanalysed using an established microbiological method. Over 1000 samples were thus analysed. The data are presented to demonstrate the validity of the TC II based radioassay results in this group of patients, serum samples from which are most likely to produce diagnostically erroneous vitamin B12 results when analysed by a radioassay that is less specific for cobalamins. PMID- 6782933 TI - Evaluation of the Kodak Ektachem glucose and urea methods. AB - An evaluation of the Kodak Ektachem glucose and urea methods is described. Aspects evaluated included precision, linearity, accuracy, correlation with routine methods, interferences (haemoglobin, bilirubin, protein, dextran, lipaemia, ethylene-diamine tetraacetic acid, fluoride/oxalate, and heparin), and carryover. Stability and batch-to-batch variation in glucose and urea reagents were also investigated. The performance of the Ektachem glucose and urea methods was shown to be as satisfactory as conventional analytical methods. The requirement to reconstitute control serum samples in a bicarbonate diluent in order to obtain accurate results presents problems for the analysis of lyophilised specimens circulated by external quality assessment schemes. The complex calibration model and the significance of variation in the calibration parameters need further explanation. The Ektachem methods are designed specifically for use with human serum. However, the methods performed satisfactorily with cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusions, and animal serum but not with urine. PMID- 6782934 TI - Valproic acid estimation by enzyme immunoassay. AB - Blood samples from patients on long-term sodium valproate (Epilim) therapy were analysed for valproic acid by two procedures, enzyme immunoassay (EMIT) and gas liquid chromatography (GLC). A critical evaluation of the effects of anticoagulants added to specimens was performed in addition to studies on reagent specificity, accuracy, and precision. EMIT valproic acid reagent showed high specificity, and there was a good correlation between results obtained by EMIT and GLC over a wide range of concentrations. The accuracy and precision of EMIT assay was good over the therapeutic range of valproic acid. The presence of the anticoagulant EDTA or of fluoride/oxalate produced a bias towards high results for valproic acid as compared with those obtained from the analysis of serum. PMID- 6782935 TI - The diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis by the antibody-coated bacteria test. AB - Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled goat antihuman immunoglobulin (anti-IgG, anti IgA, anti-IgM) and anticomplement conjugates were used to detect antibody or complement-coated bacteria from the oropharynx of patients with pharyngitis. Throat smears prepared from patients with a positive culture for group A beta hemolytic streptococci had significantly more bacteria that stained with labelled antihuman IgG than smears prepared from patients with a negative culture. When compared to the results of a throat culture, the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of a positive and negative antihuman IgG stained smear was 91 percent, 94 percent, 85 percent, and 96 percent, respectively. The results of smears stained with antihuman IgA, IgM or complement did not correlate statistically with the isolation of group A beta-hemolytic streptococci. PMID- 6782936 TI - Correlation of intracellular redox states and pH with blood flow in primary and secondary seizure foci. AB - Epileptogenic foci were created by topical application of penicillin to the cerebral cortex in 40 paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats receiving halothane anesthesia. The animals were divided into two equal groups to compare primary and secondary foci. The following variables were recorded at normocapnia, hypocapnia, and hypercapnia prior to and during seizure activity: cerebral blood flow (CBF), determined by clearance of xenon 133; cortical redox states, measured by the fluorescence of reduced pyridine nucleotides (PN); brain pH, measured using a lipid-soluble, pH-sensitive fluorescent indicator; and electroencephalograms (EEG). Mean arterial blood pressure, arterial pH, arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2), and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were monitored in each animal. All animals had a normal PaCO2-CBF response prior to the creation of a seizure focus, assuring the presence of autoregulation and normal metabolic function. CBF increased equally with seizures in the primary and secondary hemispheres. The relative increase was related to the PaCO2 but approximated 68% at normocapnia. There was an alteration in the PaCO2-CBF response with seizures, but the ability of the cerebral vasculature to constrict and dilate with hypocapnia and hypercapnia was retained. There was no significant difference in the reduced PN signal with variations in PaCO2 prior to seizures, but there was an apparent 10 to 15% fall with seizures. The "equivalent" intracellular pH fell to 6.94 at normocapnia in the primary focus but remained essentially unchanged from the control value of 7.10 in the secondary focus. These differences in pH were consistent with the greater degree of seizure activity observed in the primary focus. We conclude that a nonhypoxic acidosis existed in the primary focus and that changes in CBF were not related to it because the CBF changed equally in both hemispheres. PMID- 6782937 TI - Lithium carbonate in pseudobulbar palsy. PMID- 6782938 TI - Genome organization and reorganization in Tetrahymena. PMID- 6782939 TI - Boris Ephrussi. PMID- 6782940 TI - Local factors regulating cardiac and skeletal muscle blood flow. PMID- 6782941 TI - Regulation of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6782942 TI - The nursing education administrator: accountable, vulnerable, and oppressed. PMID- 6782943 TI - Nursing education, professionalism, and autonomy: social constraints and the Goldmark Report. PMID- 6782944 TI - Models and model building in nursing. PMID- 6782945 TI - The idea of health: a philosophical inquiry. PMID- 6782946 TI - The relationship between senior nursing student's ability for formulate nursing diagnoses and the curriculum model. PMID- 6782947 TI - The effects of modularized instruction and traditional teaching techniques on cognitive learning and affective behaviors of student nurses. PMID- 6782948 TI - Decision bases for assisting graduate nursing students in the writing of a thesis. PMID- 6782949 TI - [Pseudomonas fluorescens, a producer of antibiotic substances]. PMID- 6782951 TI - Medical device regs: are they doing the job? In the devices legislation is a thread of mistrust. PMID- 6782950 TI - [Changes in microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics as affected by divalent metal ions]. AB - Ca+ and Mg+ in nutrient media significantly influence the results of antibiotic sensitivity determination in microorganisms. The data of the study are indicative of a necessity for the media standardization with respect to the content of bivalent metal ions. It is recommended that agar-agar manufactured by the South Sea Factory (tafuinsky) be used for preparation of nutrient media for determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and Hottinger meat pancreatic digest as the nitrogen source providing the content of 120 mg per cent of amine nitrogen in the medium. PMID- 6782952 TI - Affinity labeling of human serum thyroxine-binding globulin with N-bromoacetyl-L thyroxine: identification of the labeled amino acid residues. PMID- 6782953 TI - Thrombotic angiokeratoma circumscriptum simulating melanoma. AB - Three patients with solitary angiokeratomas, two of the circumscribed type (Fabry) and one of the Mibelli type, are described to show that when extensive thromboses develop in an angiokeratoma, this nodular bluish-black lesion may clinically simulate a nodular melanoma. PMID- 6782954 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in congenital chloride diarrhoea. PMID- 6782955 TI - Clinical findings and immunochemical studies in a patient with cryoglobulinaemia. AB - Purpura, shallow ulcers, and livedo were noted in a patient with IgG3-kappa cryoglobulinaemia. The IgG3 cryoglobulin reacted with all IgG subclasses. No complement activation could be demonstrated in fresh normal serum, almost complete conversion of C3, but not of factor B occurred. PMID- 6782956 TI - Central venous catheterization for parenteral nutrition. AB - To define the risks associated with central venous catheterization for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 3291 patient days of this therapy, delivered by an established nutrition support team, were evaluated. One hundred and seventy-five catheters placed in 104 patients were reviewed over an 18 month period. Positive cultures were reported on 11 cannulae for a 6.4% incidence of colonization; five catheters (2.8%) were considered septic. Pleural or mediastinal complications of subclavian or internal jugular venipuncture occurred in eight patients (4.8%). Misdirection of the catheter tip occurred in 11.5% of insertions. Five patients (4.8%) had clinically apparent thrombosis in the superior vena cava, innominate and/or subclavian veins during hospitalization; four others had evidence of thrombosis at autopsy examination, giving an incidence of 8.7% in the entire series. No death directly resulted from the use of this therapy. Compliance with a rigid protocol by an experienced team can allow safe and effective use of central venous catheters and parenteral nutrition therapy. PMID- 6782957 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency has become a clinical problem since the advent of fat-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The following study was done to determine the minimum fat requirements for patients receiving continuous TPN solution. Seventy-seven patients who had 97 courses of TPN of at least 14 days duration were prospectively studied. The following fat supplementation was given: a) none, b) 10% soybean oil emulsion intravenously at fixed dosage, c) fat from an oral diet, or d) intravenous and oral fat. No patient was EFA deficient before the onset of TPN. EFA deficiency was prevented when at least 3.2% of total calories were given as intravenous fat or at least 15% as oral fat. Lesser amounts of fat decreased the rate of EFA deficiency development but did not prevent it from occurring. The 7.7 g/day of linoleic acid provided in 1000 ml per week of 10% soybean oil emulsion provides adequate fat to prevent EFA deficiency. PMID- 6782958 TI - Distal pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation for chronic pancreatitis. AB - Eight patients with chronic pancreatitis underwent 95% pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation. The partially purified islet material was transplanted into the liver at the time of surgery via embolization into the portal vein. Hyperglycemia requiring insulin therapy developed in all patients immediately followed surgery. Six patients subsequently became normoglycemic an average of 28 days following the transplant (range: 8-90 days). Three of these patient have remained normoglycemic on a regular diet nine, 18, and 22 months following transplant. The other three redeveloped hyperglycemia and insulin dependency three, six, and eight months after surgery. Indirect measurement of functioning islet cell mass by intravenous glucose tolerance testing preoperatively was predictive of the outcome of the transplant. All patients developed portal hypertension (14-60 cm H2O) during tissue injection into the portal vein. Portal hypertension persisted in one patient and required treatment with a mesocaval shunt. The patient subsequently died of hepatic necrosis. Postoperative catheterization in four patients, three to 12 months posttransplant, revealed that portal pressure had returned to normal. Clinically, all seven surviving patients were improved following surgery. PMID- 6782959 TI - LH-induced testicular steroid secretion after FSH treatment in immature and young adult hypophysectomized rats. AB - Immature and young adult male rats were hypophysectomized on day 21 and 71 respectively. Beginning 2 days later, animals received five daily subcutaneous injections of 4 microgram/100 g body weight of NIAMDD-oFSH-13 or saline. On the sixth day the rats received either 15 microgram/100 g body weight of NIAMDD-oLH 21 or saline intraperitoneally and were decapitated 1 hr later. Serum levels of steroids were measured by radioimmunoassay. Serum steroid levels in animals receiving a saline injection on day 6 were low to undetectable and not affected by pretreatment. The serum steroid concentrations after LH challenge on day 6 were altered by FSH pretreatment. In immature rats, pretreatment with FSH resulted in a significant increase in 17 hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione and testosterone. Progesterone and estradiol were unaffected, while 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone was elevated but not significantly. In young adults, FSH pretreatment resulted in increased levels of androstenedione, testosterone, and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, but not progesterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, or estradiol. These data suggest that FSH may play a role in stimulating cholesterol side chain cleavage activity, the 17 alpha hydroxylase, the C17-C20 lyase as well as the 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase at puberty. Additionally, FSH may be involved in the maintenance of cholesterol side chain cleavage activity, the C17 C20 lyase and the 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the adult rat. PMID- 6782960 TI - Effects of a superactive analogue of LH-RH on the hypothalamo-pituitary testicular axis in male rats pretreated with estrogens. AB - The effect of a highly active agonistic analogue analogue of LH-RH on testicular weight an pituitary gonadotropin levels was studied in male rats previously treated with estrogens. These steroids induced a considerable depression of testicular weight. In the first experiment the treatment with a high dose (4 microgram daily) of D-Ala-6-des-Gly-10-LH-RH-ethylamide, the superactive analogue used, further depressed testicular weight and pituitary gonadotropins. In a second experiment, the treatment with lower doses (100 ng daily) of the analogue in estrogen-treated rats induced a slight but significant stimulatory effect on testicular weight and pituitary FSH content. In the third experiment none of the three doses of the analogue used (1, 10, or 100 ng daily) modified testicular weight when the treatment was started shortly after the administration of estrogens. It is concluded that, according to the dose of the analogue used, it is possible to observe inhibitory or stimulatory effect on testes and pituitary gonadotropin levels. PMID- 6782961 TI - [Active and passive factors in the genesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in various cardiopathies and pneumopathies]. AB - The role of active and passive factors involved in the genesis of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) is analyzed in a group of eighty patients with several cardiopathies and pneumopathies. The group include: 20 patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (NODC), 20 with Diffuse intersticial pneumopathy (NI), 12 with Cardiorespiratory Syndrome of the grossly obese (OB), 6 with Pulmonary Embolism (TEP), 6 with Mitral Stenosis (CRI), 5 with Hypertensive Ventricular Septal Defect (CIV + HAP) and 11 patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension of Unknown etiology (HAP-ED). For the analysis, the Harvey and Enson's formulas were used. The conclusions of the study are: 1) The compliance of the elastic arteries of the lung in the groups of NOC, NI and OB is normal but in the other groups seems to be modified. 2) In the groups of NI and OB the interrelationship of factors such as alveolar hypoxia and pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) play the major role in the genesis of PAH, although the role of the PaCO2 in the OB group remains to be established. 3) In the groups of NOC, CRI and TEP the PWP is not determinant. The absence of a significant correlation between arterial oxygen unsaturation and pulmonary diastolic pressure in the NOC group suggests other factors. 4) The vascular structural damage seems to be the most important factor in the genesis of PAH in the HAP-ED and CIV + HAP groups. PMID- 6782962 TI - [Scorpionidae of the great Arabic Maghreb. IV. Fractionation of venom from Androctonus mauretanicus (Pocock, 1902) of Morocco]. AB - The author points out a simple chromatographic technic to fractionate venom of Androctonus mauretanicus (Pocock, 1902) from Morocco. PMID- 6782963 TI - Mannitol. AB - Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic with properties that suit it to a variety of clinical situations. Despite the paucity of controlled studies that precisely define optimal use, a consensus based on published work and clinical experience may be reached. Mannitol can be used prophylactically, as a diagnostic aid, or as therapy for the oliguric state. The diuretic properties of mannitol are also useful in patients with refractory edema or intoxications by aspirin, barbiturates, or bromide. As an extracellular solute, the drug may ameliorate intracranial hypertension or symptoms of dialysis dysequilibrium. The renal and systemic effects of this versatile agent are discussed. PMID- 6782964 TI - Hypogonadism in idiopathic hemochromatosis. Endocrine studies. AB - The mechanism of hypogonadism was studied in a 63-year-old man with idiopathic hemochromatosis. Basal levels of thyroid, prolactin, cortisol, and growth hormones were normal and responded normally to appropriate provocative stimuli. Basal testosterone and gonadotropin levels were low. There was inadequate gonadotropin response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and clomiphene citrate stimulation. Testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotropin was normal. Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction resulting in impaired gonadotropin secretion appears to be the cause of hypogonadism in hemochromatosis. PMID- 6782965 TI - Concentration and heterogeneity of pituitary hormones in infants and children. PMID- 6782966 TI - [The influence of the milieu in child malnutrition]. AB - Both socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of families were studied as conditioning factors of malnutrition in 63 infants born at term. The sample studied included 45 infants, small for their gestational age (SGA) as experimental group, and 18 infants with adequate weight for gestational age (AGA), as the control group. These infants were studied during their third year of age, and significant differences between both groups were found in the following parameters: size, social personality, parasitic infestation and duration of lactation. A correlation between socioeconomic and cultural level, and incidence of malnutrition in infancy is postulated. PMID- 6782967 TI - Impact of a feeding program on preschool children with severe malnutrition. PMID- 6782968 TI - [Mitral valve insufficiencies due to rupture and elongation of the chordae. Etiological and anatomical aspects, results of surgery, development of ventricular function. Apropos of 104 cases]. PMID- 6782969 TI - [Bifocal-type sequential stimulation. Clinical and therapeutic value. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6782970 TI - [Respective sensitivity and specificity of 201 Tl myocardial scintigraphy during effort, after injection of dipyridamole and at rest. Comparison in 70 patients who had undergone coronary radiography]. PMID- 6782971 TI - [Non-bacterial thrombosing endocarditis]. PMID- 6782972 TI - [Calcifications of the trunk of the left coronary artery in coronary disease. Anatomical study]. AB - Calcification of the left main coronary artery (LCA) was found, with an equal sex distribution, in 30 out of 145 patients (21%) at autopsy. A series comprising 68 males and 77 females in whom death resulted from myocardial infarction (111 cases) or ischaemic heart disease (34 cases). The condition is rare before the sixth decade but becomes more frequent after the seventh decade of life. The incidence was the same in lethal anterior and posterior infarction (15% and 16% respectively). It was more common in ischaemic heart disease (38%, p less than 0,005). Significant narrowing of the LCA was found in 26 cases (87%) but this was only less than 70% in 11 cases. When the total number of LCA stenoses (calcified and non calcified: 39 cases) was considered, only two thirds had associated calcification. This was, therefore, only a moderately sensitive index of LCA stenosis. Calcification, nearly always circumferential, was usually situated on the second portion of the LCA. Its division was involved in all cases, the calcification extending to the initial segments of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and left circumflex artery (CX). Calcification of the LCA was always associated with calcification of the LAD, 78% of which had stenotic lesions. Calcification of the CX and right coronary arteries was practically constant, the average percentages of occlusion being 72% and 68% respectively. On anatomical criteria, myocardial revascularisation surgery could only have been proposed in about 20% cases, and this would only rarely have been total. It is concluded that calcification of the LCA usually corresponds at least anatomically, to severe, diffuse multivessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 6782973 TI - [Obstructive cardiomyopathy and stenosing coronary atherosclerosis. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Five cases of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy with coronary artery disease are reported; 2 males and 5 females, aged 27, 49, 64, 67, and 70 years respectively. Four patients had angina, the other being asymptomatic. The diagnosis of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy was based on the presence of at least 4 of the following 5 signs: an ejectional systolic murmur, an external carotid pulse tracing showing a second endsystolic peak, an echocardiogramme showing both systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and asymmetrical septal hypertrophy biloculation and/or disaxation of the left ventricular cavity on selective angiography, and a spontaneous or provoked intraventricular pressure gradient of over 30 mm Hg. Coronary angiography showed one or more stenoses of over 70% on at least one of the three main coronary arteries in all patients. Two of the 5 patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery without myomectomy; the remaining 3 patients were treated medically. All patients have been followed up for periods ranging from 8 months to 6 years (average: 4 years) with a favourable outcome in 4 of them who are currently asymptomatic; the other patient has moderate angina (non-operated, treated with propranolol). The frequency of the association of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease was initially underestimated, but in fact it does not appear to be uncommon. The association would seem to be fortuitous. The long-term prognosis is not known and the management is not codified. It would seem logical to propose simultaneous surgical correction of the two conditions by myomectomy and coronary bypass surgery when anatomically possible, when beta blocker therapy fails, despite a relatively high operative risk, according to the few published cases. PMID- 6782974 TI - [Reevaluation of the electrocardiographic criteria of left anterior hemiblock associated with lower infarction]. AB - A vectocardiographic (VCG) study of 90 consecutive cases of acute inferior myocardial infarction (IMI) was carried out by Frank's method. The overall incidence of intraventricular block was 40% and that of left anterior hemiblock (LAH) 20% (18 cases). The ECG features of the 18 cases of LAH-acute IMI and of the 55 cases of isolated acute IMI were compared with those of 100 cases of confirmed chronic IMI comprising 50 cases of isolated infarction-LAH (on VCG) and with 50 cases of isolated LAH (clinical and VCG diagnosis). The incidence of the six following electrocardiographic criteria were studied: 1) terminal negative forces in Lead II and positive forces in AVR with left axis deviation 2) W-shaped appearances in Leads II and AVF, 3) initial notching in Leads II, III and AVF, 4) abnormal growth of the R wave from Lead II to Lead III, 5) combinations of the four preceding criteria taken two by two, 6) the association of 3 of the 4 preceding criteria (from 1 to 4). RESULTS: A) Acute IMI: 1) isolated infarction: criteria 1 - 7%; 2 - 2%; 3 - 5%; 4 - 2%; 5 - 4%; 6 - 0%; 2) IMI - LAH: 33%, 56%, 61%, 17%, 50%, 6%, respectively. B) Chronic IMI: 1) isolated infarction: criteria 1 - 4%; 2 - 8%; 3 - 6%; 4 - 10%; 5 - 8%; 6 - 0%; 2) IMI - LAH: 72%, 22%, 60%, 74%, 42%, 44%, respectively. C) Isolated LAH: criteria 1 - 80%; 2 - 0%; 3 - 4%; 4 - 20%; 5 - 20%; 6 - 0%. CONCLUSIONS: Some of the ECG criteria studied were relatively sensitive and were suggestive of the association IMI - LAH, but VCG was much more sensitive and specific. Therefore, the incidence of LAH associated with acute IMI is probably underestimated by ECG alone. PMID- 6782975 TI - [Vectorcardiographic norms in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6782976 TI - [Coronary surgery combined with peripheral vascular surgery. Apropos of 10 cases]. AB - Coronary artery surgery may be envisaged in the context of diffuse arterial disease, especially in association with lesions of the cerebral and lower limb axes. The object of this paper is to advance the concept of coronary surgery coupled with peripheral vascular surgery. Ten patients underwent double revascularisation (coronary and peripheral vessels) between 1977 and 1979. In Group I (5 patients) coronary surgery was coupled with simultaneous cerebral revascularisation (1 aorto-brachiocephalic bypass and 4 endarterectomies). Group II comprised 5 patients undergoing simultaneous coronary and aorto-bifemoral bypass surgery. No operative deaths or serious complications were observed in this short series. The practical conclusions are in favour of widening the indications for simultaneous coronary and cerebral revascularisation. However, the indications for coronary surgery coupled with lower limb revascularisation must be precise and, therefore, more limited. PMID- 6782977 TI - [Arterial blood gas analysis in acute pulmonary embolism]. AB - Arterial blood gases (pH, pO2, p CO2) were studied in 100 patients with documented pulmonary embolism (Group A), confirmed by pulmonary angiography (n = 51) or scintigraphy ( n = 49). The pO2 ranged from 32 to 97 mm Hg (average 60,5 +/- 13 mm Hg). Hypoxaemia was found in 97 cases and would therefore seem to be a reliable sign of pulmonary embolism. In the three cases in which it was absent, the embolism was small. Hypoxaemia was associated with hypocapnia and alkalosis in 91 cases. However, hypoxaemia was not a specific finding; it was also present in 49 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (Group B) in whom the diagnosis was excluded by pulmonary angiography or scintigraphy. A previous history of cardiovascular disease was found in 37 patients (76%) in this group: of the 12 remaining patients, 6 were heavy smokers and 4 were significantly obese. No correlation was found between the degree of hypoxaemia and the extent of amputation of the vascular bed on pulmonary angiography or scintigraphy. Nevertheless, a pO2 of under 50 mm Hg was always associated with a severe embolism with amputation of over 40% of the pulmonary vascular bed. A significant correlation was found between the severity of hypoxaemia and the degree of cyanosis (p less than 0,05) and ECG changes (p less than 0,01). The average pO2 was 59 +/- 12 mm Hg in patients with cardiovascular disease ( n = 21) and 55 +/- 11 mm Hg with known pulmonary disease ( n = 6). A higher average pO2 was found when these conditions were absent (61,5 +/- 13 mmHg). The difference was not statistically significant unless previous cardiac and pulmonary disease were associated (pO2 = 51 +/- 14 mm Hg, p less than 0,05). PMID- 6782978 TI - [Systemic mastocytosis with myo-pericardial localization and atrioventricular block]. AB - The case of a 46 year old man with systemic mastocytosis with myocardial and pericardial involvement confirmed histologically after open biopsy is reported. The patient presented with skin, bone and medullary lesions and, in addition, with atrioventricular block and pericardial effusion. The possible mechanisms of the atrioventricular conduction defect are examined in the light of the physiological role of the mastocyte and research into the action of histamine on the myocardium. In particular, the negative dromotropic effect of histamine and fibrosis formation related to the mastocyte's function of connective tissue regeneration are discussed. This case, though rare, should alert the clinician to the possibility of myocardial and pericardial involvement in patients with mastocytosis. Further study into the effects of histamine on myocardium under physiological and pathological conditions is required. PMID- 6782979 TI - [Use of the autologous phrenic center for infundibulo-pulmonary widening in the repair of the tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6782980 TI - [False failure of an aortocoronary bypass. Spasm of an artery revascularized by 2 saphenous vein graft]. AB - The cause of recurrent resting angina one year after aorto-coronary bypass is presented. A 65 year old female with effort and resting angina with syncope had an isolated narrowing of the proximal portion of the left anterior descending artery on coronary angiography. Saphenous vein aorto-coronary bypass and cardiac plexectomy were performed on the 18 . 12 . 78, and an excellent result was obtained in the first postoperative year. Nocturnal angina with syncope recurred on the 31 . 12 . 79 and anterior subendo-cardial ischaemic changes were noted on the post critical electrocardiogramme. On control angiography 10 days later, the bypass graft was shown to be patent. A provocative test with methylergometrine showed spasm of the whole of the revascularised artery without any changes in the other vessels. Attacks of spontaneous angina with ST depression on Holter monitoring continued despite treatment with Nifedipine (6 capsules/day). The substitution of Diltiazem (3 capsules/day) prevented further recurrence with a follow-up of three months. The authors conclude that spontaneous angina after aorto-coronary bypass is not synonymous with graft dysfunction, and suggest that the effects of cardiac denervation in vasospastic angina, where Nifedipine and Diltiazem seem to have different modes of action, need further confirmation. PMID- 6782981 TI - [Coronary disease in homozygous twins. Respective roles of heredity and environment]. AB - Two 44 year old female homozygote twins presented with cardiac ischaemia due to coronary atheroma, at 39 years of age and 43 years of age, respectively. The coronary risk factors (hypertension, cigarette smoking, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, oral contraception) were comparable in both cases. Although presenting at different times, the electrocardiographic changes were in the same territory and coronary angiography showed a similar anatomical and lesional distribution. The literature is reviewed with respect to these cases to try to determine the respective roles of heredity and the environment in the initiation and progression of coronary atheroma. PMID- 6782982 TI - [Calcified pulmonary stenosis]. PMID- 6782983 TI - [Incidence and prognosis of right ventricular involvement in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6782984 TI - [Surgical indications and acquired valvulopathies]. PMID- 6782985 TI - [Atrioventricular discordance. Results of a series of 34 operations]. AB - From 1968 to 1980, 34 patients with atrioventricular discordance underwent intracardiac repair. Thirty three patients had a ventriculoarterial discordance (corrected transposition) and one patient had a double outlet right ventricle. The age at operation ranged from 12 months to 59 years (mean 19 years). The lesions were ventricular septal defect (26 cases), pulmonary stenosis (22 cases), atrioventricular valve anomalies (20 cases). Lesions were associated in 80% of the cases. Ventricular septal defect and pulmonary stenosis were combined in eleven patients. Seven patients had had palliative operations. Pulmonary stenosis was mostly of subvalvular type and treated with a conduit. A patient with double outlet right ventricle and pulmonary atresia had a conduit on the left pulmonary artery because the right one was non-functional. Ventricular septal defects were closed through the right A-V valve, and the stitches placed on the free edge of the defect. The tricuspid valve (systemic) was replaced in 10 cases. Hospital mortality was 38% but only 3 out of 14 (21,4%) patients operated upon since 1975 have died. Late mortality was 24% (5 patients) related to conduction problems in 3 patients. Three patients were reoperated with good results. Out of twelve patients with a long-term follow-up, eleven have a good functional result. 7 patients with preoperative A-V block and 3 patients with atrial fibrillation had pacemakers implanted. 16 patients had postoperative A-V block. The incidence of conduction problems is now reduced with the use of conduit for subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. PMID- 6782986 TI - [Myxomas of the right atrium. Apropos of 3 cases. Review of the literature]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of right atrial myxoma and review 88 other cases in the literature managed by surgery. The first personal case, in a 74 year old patient, illustrate the dramatic consequences of tumour engagement in the tricuspid orifice, in this instance cardiac arrest during catheterisation justifying emergency surgery. The second case exemplifies the diagnostic value of echocardiography: the correction of an erroneous diagnosis of pericarditis. The third case shows that some forms may be totally asymptomatic, the tumor being diagnosed on clinical examination and confirmed by echocardiography. In their review of the literature, the low overall incidence of primary cardiac tumours, of which myxoma is the most common, is emphasised. A right atrial localisation is found in only 25% cases. 88 surgical reports have been published since Bahnam's original attempt at surgical cure under cardiopulmonary bypass. Myxoma may occur at any age but it usually presents between the ages of 30 and 60. Some familial forms have been reported. The presenting symptoms are protean but usually point to an obstacle in the right heart chambers. They may be summarized as follows: 1. Isolated right ventricular failure without left heart disease may be observed in large tumours (reported in 50% of cases). 2. Simulating pericarditis (25% of cases) with a low grade pyrexia (25% of cases). 3. Paroxysmas of cardio respiratory distress of variable severity (a few cases). Clinical examination, chest x-ray and ECG are not diagnostic but do show non-specific changes which are of value in drawing attention to the heart and leading to echocardiography. This confirms the diagnosis by showing abnormal mobile echos in the right atrium prolapsing into the right ventricle in diastole. Angiography serves only to confirm these appearances. Surgery is the treatment of choice, and preferably with the shortest possible delay. It offers definitive cure at a minimal risk to the patient. PMID- 6782987 TI - [Current peroperative mortality in valve replacements. Study of modalities and causes of death]. PMID- 6782988 TI - [Tricuspid valve replacement by Hancock's prosthesis]. AB - The medium term results of tricuspid valve replacement with the Hancock bioprosthesis are reported. Twenty eight patients underwent tricuspid valve replacement with this prosthesis between December 1974 and January 1978: mitral valve replacement with a Starr-Edwards or Cooley-Cutter prosthesis was associated in all cases and aortic valve replacement with a Bjork-Shiley prosthesis in 11 cases. Follow-up at an average of 36,2 months after operation examined functional status, cardiac size and haemodynamics (in 12 patients). Three patients died in the immediate postoperative period and four others died later: the number of survivors was greater in the triple valve replacement (9/11) than in the double valve replacement group (12/17) but the difference was not statistically significant. Of the 23 surviving patients (average follow-up of 36,2 +/- 9,6 months), 17 were classified in functional Classes I or II of the NYHA classification. All patients had been Class III or IV before operation. The cardiothoracic ratio did not decrease significantly in patients undergoing triple valve replacement. Control cardiac catheterisation showed a significant increase in cardiac index (2,53 +/- 0,11 1/mn/m2, compared to 1,87 +/- 0,35 1/mn/m2 before operation; p less than 0,001) without significant reduction in pulmonary artery or right atrial pressures. The resting gradient across the Hancock bioprosthesis was not related to the size of the prosthesis (No 29-30: 2,17 +/- 2,57 mm Hg; No 31-33: 2,78 +/- 3,53 mm Hg) or with the quality of the functional result. However, on exercise, the gradient across the prosthesis was high, reaching an average of 10,3 +/- 5,2 mm Hg). The operative mortality of tricuspid valve replacement is relatively bioprosthesis associated with mitral and/or aortic valve replacement is relatively bioprosthesis associated with mitral and/or aortic valve replacement is relatively low (about 10%) and could be an argument in favour of broadening the indications for tricuspid valve replacement as resting tricuspid function with a bioprosthesis is satisfactory. However, the stenotic effects on exercise and the uncertainty over the long-term outcome of bioprostheses suggest that surgery should be limited to severe tricuspid stenoses and/or major tricuspid regurgitation organic or functional uncontrolled by digitalis and diuretic therapy. PMID- 6782989 TI - [Late thromboses on tricuspid valve prostheses. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - Six out of 24 patients with tricuspid valve prostheses, operated between 1968 and 1978, followed-up from 1 to 10 years (average 4,2 years) developed thrombosis. This complication occurred between 15 and 59 months after operation (average 37 months). All patients were female with ages ranging from 18 to 44 years (average 38 years). Starr-Edwards prostheses were used in all cases. Five of these patients were on anticoagulants therapy, which was well within therapeutic limits in 3 patients. In contrast to thrombosis of mitral or aortic valve prostheses, the presenting symptoms were slowly progressive and discreet in 4 patients; in 1 case, the thrombosis was diagnosed on routine follow-up examination. The slow clinical presentation allows time for useful complementary investigations, catheterisation and angiocardiography being the most reliable methods of confirming this difficult diagnosis: these investigations were carried out in 2 patients, and in both cases, very high right atrial pressure with diastolic gradients between the right atrium and right ventricle of over 10 mm Hg were recorded. Cineangiography showed tricuspid regurgitation in both cases with reflux in the vena cavae and very dilated right atria, stagnation of contrast and poor right ventricular filling. Five patients were reoperated with two postoperative deaths. Particular anatomical appearances were observed at operation or autopsy with fibrin and platelet deposits at different levels of the prosthesis (sewing ring and/or struts) interfering and even blocking the function of the ball or disc. Organized thrombus on the cage was only observed in one patient. In this case, the struts on the prosthesis were set in the right ventricular cavity. Thrombosis of tricuspid valve prostheses is generally a slowly progressive complication and may be diagnosed in time by regular follow up, so that reoperation may be considered without unnecessary delay. PMID- 6782990 TI - [Contribution of the exercise test to the diagnosis of sinus dysfunction. Correlation with endocavitary explorations]. AB - Standardised exercise electrocardiography was performed in 50 patients undergoing endocavitary electrophysiological investigation of sinus node function. There was no previous history of cardiac failure or coronary insufficiency, and the patients, who were not trained athletes, were investigated after interruption of any medication which could affect sinus node function. The endocavitary investigations comprised overdrive suppression with rapid atrial pacing (Mandel) premature extrastimulus method (Strauss) and stimulation at a relative constant prematurity of 50% (Normal values: A2 A3 - 2d - return cycle - sinoatrial conduction time - = 0,77 A1 A1 - spontaneous cycle - +345). A significant difference in the maximal heart rate on stress testing between normal subjects and patients with sinus node dysfunction was observed only when values obtained with the relative constant prematurity method was taken into consideration (24 cases) the relative constant prematurity method became more significant (p less than 0,001). This held true to a lesser degree for Mandel's method (p less than 0,02), but no significant difference was obtained with Strauss' method. The ratio of maximal heart rate to theoretical maximal heart rate for age gave similar results. The correlation between stress testing and the relative constant prematurity method is probably related to intra sinusal shift of the dominant pacemaker. Both investigations would seem to test the functional properties and the reserve of the sinus node, taking extrinsic factors such as vago sympathetic stimulation into account. Patients with functional sinus node dysfunction increase their heart rates normally on exercise (average maximum of 170 bpm); a maximal heart rate of less than 120 bpm is very suggestive of organic sinus node dysfunction. PMID- 6782991 TI - [Are phonocardiographic recordings still useful in patients with aortic stenosis?]. PMID- 6782992 TI - [Calculation of the ejection fraction from simultaneously recorded systolic intervals and angiography. Comparative study]. AB - Garrard, Weissler and Dodge have reported a close correlation (r = -0,90) between angiographic ejection fractions (EF) and the ratio of left ventricular preejection and ejection periods (PEP/LVET) in patients with left ventricular disease without simultaneous recording equation Y" = 1,25 - 1,25 x where x is the PEP/LVET ratio and Y" the ejection fraction. Using this formula a theoretical EF may be calculated when the PEP/LVET ratio is known. A number of precautions must be taken in measuring systolic time intervals (synchronous recordings, rapid and constant recording speeds of at least 100 mm/s, good quality tracings). Respecting these conditions, close correlations between the theoretical and angiographic EF were obtained. However, discrepancies were observed in some cases and so the relationship was examined with and without simultaneous recordings in 28 patients (19 with coronary artery disease). The equations obtained were Y = 1,2 - 1,51 x and Y = 1,04 - 1,04 x respectively. The correlations in the whole group and in the coronary subgroup were not as good when the recording was not simultaneous (r = -0,78, compared to r = -0,85). The theoretic EF appeared to be "optimised" under these conditions. The "optimisation" increased with increasing values of the PEP/LVET ratio. A downward correction had to be made for abnormally high values (for example for a PEP/LVET of 0,38, the EF had to be corrected by 3,1% and for a value of 0,50 by -10,5%). This was also applicable in the patients with coronary artery disease. Curiously, the equation relating simultaneous EF and PEP/LVET was very close to that obtained by Garrard (Ya = 1, 12 - 1,27 x, ra = -0,80). The theoretical EF calculated from this equation was very close to the angiographic value. However, it was slightly higher or lower in coronary patients with or without myocardial infarction. Garrard's equation would appear to be useful for repeated studies of the ejection fraction in these patients. PMID- 6782993 TI - [Quantitative study of left ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - The results of two dimensional echocardiography and cineventriculography in the calculation of left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions were compared. The study was performed experimentally in dogs and also in 12 patients with ischaemic heart disease. 25 measurements were performed in the animal: 19 basal and 6 measurements one hour after occlusion of the LAD. Reconstruction by Simpson's method showed good correlations with angiography (p less than 0,001) for enddiastolic volume (r = 0,94), end systolic volume (r = 0,97) and ejection fraction (r = 0,89). A preliminary clinical study was performed in 12 patients. All had significant stenosis of at least one main coronary artery and 10 had segmental abnormalities of left ventricular wall motion. Left ventricular volumes were calculated from the simplified 5/6 AL formula which only requires one long axis view and one short axis view at the level of the papillary muscles. The comparison between echocardiography and angiography showed a better correlation for end systolic volume (r = 0,91) than for end diastolic volume (r = 0,73). Echo underestimated end diastolic volume by 14% and end systolic volume by 13%. The correlation obtained for ejection fraction was excellent (r = 0,97) with no underestimation of this parameter by echocardiography. In conclusion, left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions may be calculated by two dimensional echocardiography. The technique allows a sequential quantitative study from beat to beat and in real time of cardiac function. It is a simple non-invasive method of following the evolution of cardiac disease and of assessing the effects of therapy on left ventricular function. PMID- 6782994 TI - [Kussmaul's paradoxical pulse. Etiopathogenic aspects]. AB - Paradoxical pulse (reduction in systolic blood pressure during inspiration) is a sign common to many pathological conditions affecting the heart and lungs. The aim of this paper was to determine its mechanism on the basis of recent publications in the literature, supported by personal clinical cases. Three cases of pulmonary embolism with paradoxical pulses of over 30 mm Hg are reported. In all three cases, cardiac and pulmonary function were normal before the embolism. The significant findings were a marked elevation in inspiratory transmural RA pressure (average 10 mm Hg), contrasting in one case with normal LV inspiratory transmural pressures. Two factors seem to play a role in the genesis of a paradoxical pulse: firstly, increased left ventricular afterload due to negative intrathoracic pressure during inspiration, and, secondly, a reduction of left ventricular compliance during inspiration related to mechanical interference between the two ventricles. In the absence of increased central venous pressure, increased left ventricular afterload probably plays the major role in the inspiratory reduction of peak systolic pressure (e.g. "physiological" paradoxical pulse, hypovolaemia, asthma). On the other hand, when central venous pressure is increased, the phenomenon of mechanical interference related to improved right ventricular filling during inspiration, added to increased left ventricular afterload, may result in very considerable paradoxical pulses (e.g. pulmonary embolism, cf. the cases reported: paradoxical pulses of over 30 mm Hg). Finally, certain pathological entities are associated with the greater role of mechanical interference (e.g. tamponade, constrictive pericarditis) for the principal causes, especially pulmonary embolism and pericardial effusion. PMID- 6782995 TI - [Medical treatment of ilio-caval venous thrombosis]. AB - 120 patients with ilio-caval thrombosis were managed medically. 55 patients were given heparin (5 mg/Kg/day for 15 days), 50 patients received streptokinase (loading dose 250,000 u; maintenance dose 100,000 m/h for 48 hours) and 15 patients had urokinase (112,500 u/h for 44 hours). Thrombolytic therapy was prescribed, in the absence of contraindications, for patients below 70 year of age: other patients were treated with heparin. The results were assessed by venography performed before and after treatment: success was defined as the complete disappearance of the thrombus of disobliteration of the ilio-caval axis. The overall success rate was 32%, with 68% failures. Success was higher with streptokinase (50%) than with heparin (20%) or urokinase (13%). The site, extension ans aetiology of the thrombosis did not affect the results. On the other hand, two other factors seemed to play an important role: - the duration of thrombosis: this only affected the streptokinase group; 23 of the 25 successes were obtained in patients treated before the tenth day. The results were unaffected by the duration of the thrombosis in the heparin group; - the biological effectiveness of therapy: 7 out of the 11 successes in the heparin group had been constantly well anticoagulated; there were only 4 successes out of 38 patients in whom the biological effectiveness had been intermittent. There were 21 successes out of 32 patients treated by streptokinase with serum fibrin levels of less than 1 g. There were only 4 successes in the 18 other cases. The incidence of haemorrhage was identical in the 3 groups. Embolism was slightly commoner in the streptokinase (3) than in the heparin group (2). PMID- 6782996 TI - [Atrioventricular conduction and volume of the right atrium in children before and after closure of interatrial communication]. PMID- 6782997 TI - [Calcification of coronary arteries and posterior myocardial infarction. Anatomical study]. PMID- 6782998 TI - Energetics of growth of Microbacterium thermosphactum at low temperatures. AB - Microbacterium thermosphactum was grown at 5 degrees C in glucose-limited continuous cultures. The end products of glucose metabolism were L-lactate and ethanol, and these compounds accounted for 86--92% of the glucose utilized. With input glucose concentrations less than 3 mV, YgluMax was found to be 40--43, YATPMax 20--21 and ms 0.1--0.2. These values are almost identical to those found previously for cultures at 25 degrees C and show that this psychrotroph grows with a very high energetic efficiency over a wide range of temperatures. With a higher (but still limiting) input glucose concentration of 5.6 mM at 9 degrees C, cellular efficiency declined as there was a marked reduction in Yglu. This decrease was accounted for in mathematical terms by an increase in ms to 0.7, whilst YgluMax and gh energetic efficiency over a wide range of temperatures. With a higher (but still limiting) input glucose concentration of 5.6 mM at 9 degrees C, cellular efficiency declined as there was a marked reduction in Yglu. This decrease was accounted for in mathematical terms by an increase in ms to 0.7, whilst YgluMax and gh energetic efficiency over a wide range of temperatures. With a higher (but still limiting) input glucose concentration of 5.6 mM at 9 degrees C, cellular efficiency declined as there was a marked reduction in Yglu. This decrease was accounted for in mathematical terms by an increase in ms to 0.7, whilst YgluMax and YATPMax remained high at 38 and 19 respectively. PMID- 6782999 TI - The distribution of the NADPH regenerating mannitol cycle among fungal species. AB - The mannitol cycle is an important NADPH regenerating system in Alternaria alternata. The cycle is built up to the following enzymes: mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase, mannitol 1-phosphatase, mannitol dehydrogenase and hexokinase. The net reaction of one cycle turn is: NADH + NADP+ + ATP leads to NAD+ + NADPH + ADP + Pi. The enzymes needed for an operating cycle were found in Aspergillus, Botrytis, Penicillium, Pyricularia, Trichothecium, Cladosporium and Thermomyces all genera belonging to Fungi Imperfecti. The only genus of this class lacking the cycle was Candida. No genera from the classes Basidiomycetes and Phycomycetes showed any mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase or mannitol 1-phosphatase activities. The genera investigated, belonging to Ascomycetes, Gibberella, Ceratocystis and Neurospora all lacked mannitol 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. It was concluded that the mannitol cycle is an important and widespread pathway for NADH oxidation and NADP+ reduction in the organisms belonging to the class Fungi Imperfecti. PMID- 6783000 TI - Anaplerotic metabolism of Aspergillus nidulans and its effect on biomass synthesis in carbon limited chemostats. AB - Anaplerotic fixation of carbon dioxide by the fungus Aspergillus nidulans when grown under carbon-limited conditions was mediated by pyruvate carboxylase and a phosphoenol pyruvate (PEP)-metabolising enzyme which has been tentatively designated as PEP carboxylase. The activities of both enzymes were growth rate dependent and measurements of H14CO3 incorporation by growing mycelium indicated that they were responsible for almost all the assimilated carbon dioxide. In carbon-limited chemostats, the maximum rate of bicarbonate assimilation occurred at a dilution rate of 0.11 h-1, equivalent to 1/2 micromax. The affinity of the pyruvate carboxylase for bicarbonate was twice that of the PEP carboxylase under the conditions of growth used. The effect of changing the bicarbonate concentration in carbon-limited chemostats was substantial: increasing the HCO-3 concentration over the range 0.7 - 2.8 mM enhanced biomass synthesis by 22%. Over shoots in bicarbonate assimilation and carboxylase activity occurred when steady state chemostat cultures were subjected to a step down in dilution rate. PMID- 6783001 TI - Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa), a microorganism producing acetic acid from molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide. AB - Spores of Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa) from 1947 have been revived, and a study for a redescription of this microorganism has been carried out. C. aceticum was Gram negative. The cells were rodshaped and peritrichously flagellated. Round spores were formed in terminal position. The DNA contained 33 mol % guanine plus cytosine. The organism was obligately anaerobic and grew either chemolithotrophically with H2 + CO2 or chemoorganotrophically with compounds such as fructose, L-glutamate, L-malate or pyruvate. H2 and CO2 were converted to acetic acid according to the following equation: 2CO2 + 4H2 leads to CH3COOH + 2H2O The optimal temperature for growth was 30 degrees C. The optimal pH for chemolithotrophic growth was 8.3. The doubling times for chemolithotrophic and chemoorganotrophic growth were 25 and 8 h, respectively. PMID- 6783002 TI - Effect of molecular hydrogen and carbon dioxide on chemo-organotrophic growth of Acetobacterium woodii and Clostridium aceticum. AB - During growth of Acetobacterium woodii on fructose, glucose or lactate in a medium containing less than 0.04% bicarbonate, molecular hydrogen was evolved up to 0.1 mol per mol of substrate. Under an H2-atmosphere growth of A. woodii with organic substrates was completely inhibited whereas under an H2/CO2-atmosphere rapid growth occurred. Under these conditions H2 + CO2 and the organic substrate were utilized simultaneously indicating that A. woodii was able to grow mixotrophically. Clostridium aceticum differed from A. woodii in that H2 was only evolved in the stationary phase, that the inhibition by H2 was observed at pH 8.5 but not at pH 7.5, anf that in the presence of fructose and H2 + CO2 only fructose was utilized. The hydrogenase activity of fructose-grown cells of C. aceticum amounted to only 12% of that of H2 + CO2-grown cells. With A. woodii a corresponding decrease of the activity of this enzyme was not observed. PMID- 6783003 TI - Sexual and pituitary-testicular function in torture victims. AB - Seventeen men who previously had been subjected to torture were studied. Sexual dysfunction (reduced libido and erectile dysfunction) occurred in 29%. There was no relationship between presence of sexual disturbances and previous cranial and/or genital traumas, severity of torture, or length of imprisonment. Plasma concentrations of pituitary gonadotrophins, prolactin, and testosterone were normal in all subjects studied. The cause of sexual dysfunction in torture victims remains to be established. PMID- 6783004 TI - Hypertonic mannitol: its use in the prevention of revascularization syndrome after acute arterial ischemia. AB - Revascularization of acutely ischemic lower limbs is associated with high mortality and high rates of rethrombosis, limb loss, massive edema, and compartment syndrome. These complications may be due to revascularization syndrome. The effects of hypertonic mannitol used during revascularization of acutely ischemic lower extremities were studied. In an isolated canine hind limb model, revascularization of the limb via a Dacron graft after 90 minutes of ischemia resulted in tissue edema and decreased flow. The low flow state (50% of control) for two hours after reperfusion was associated with thrombosis at the anastomosis. Use of hypertonic mannitol reversed the reperfusion syndrome and prevented graft thrombosis. Therefore, 15 consecutive patients with acute lower extremity ischemia and threatened limb loss were treated with hypertonic mannitol during emergency thromboembolectomy. Fourteen patients survived and had excellent results without any rethrombosis. Compartment syndrome was absent. Results of this clinical trial suggests that hypertonic mannitol may be useful in the management of acute arterial ischemia. PMID- 6783005 TI - Bacterial resistance to antibiotics used in endodontic therapy. PMID- 6783006 TI - A proper posterior palatal seal...worth five minutes of clinical time. PMID- 6783007 TI - Duplicating radiographs with the clinical camera. PMID- 6783008 TI - Directions in cariology research. PMID- 6783009 TI - Occlusal rests and and stress equalizers incorporated into swing-lock partial denture design. PMID- 6783010 TI - The application of analytical electron microscopy in the localization of individual LDL-binding sites on cell surfaces. AB - Immuno-cytochemical characterization of human Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) is performed by the reaction between colloidal gold particles, being saturated with rabbit-anti-human apoprotein-B, and human LDL-particles, attached to binding sites on cultured fibroblasts cell membranes. In conventional transmission electronmicrographs (CTEM) the 5-10 nm colloidal-gold particles are observed by contrast at the plasma membranes, although the LDL-particles themselves remained uncontrasted by the classical post-fixation procedures. Post-fixation procedures using the OsO4 plus K4Fe (CN)6 combination did not improve the LDL-particle contrast sufficiently. Application of both glutaraldehyde fixation plus tannic acid and post-fixation with the OsO4 plus K4Fe (CN)6 combination enhanced the contrast sufficiently to visualize single particles on the fibroblasts outer cell surface. The presence of colloidal-gold particles attached to some of these contrasted structures on the plasma membranes characterize the particles as LDL. However, not all particles visualized on the plasma membrane do contain the attached gold particles. The presence of the gold is shown by X-ray microanalysis of the attached contrasted particles. In scanning electron microscopic images (SEM), the total surface of the fibroblasts was covered with numerous small particles. Several particles were identified by the applied X-ray microanalysis as LDL-particles by their gold content, however, others failed to do so. PMID- 6783011 TI - Elastase-like proteases in rat aorta smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. PMID- 6783012 TI - Endothelial glycosaminoglycans-in vitro studies. AB - Endothelial cells were grown from pig aortic intimal explants. Collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and GAG distribution was measured in the cells and in the culture medium as a function of the time on incubation and of subcultivation. The influence of the addition of chondroitin-6-sulfate or hyaluronic acid to the medium has also been studied. PMID- 6783013 TI - Influence of proteoglycans (PG) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) on ADP-, collagen- and thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - PGs and GAGs have been isolated from fresh bovine aortas according to the method of Hascall and chemically characterized. These PGs and GAGs had only little effects on ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but had very potent inhibitory action on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and prolonged thrombin clotting-time. Of the standard GAGs investigated hyaluronic acid, chondroitin-4 sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate had only little inhibitory action on thrombin induced platelet aggregation, whereas heparin was very potent in this respect. The unsaturated disaccharides originating after degradation of GAGs with chondroitinases had no effect on platelet aggregation. No differences between PGs and GAGs in inhibiting thrombin-induced platelet aggregation could be detected. PMID- 6783014 TI - Anticoagulant-free prepared blood platelets and the effect of calcium on their aggregation behaviour. AB - Human blood platelets were prepared by gel filtration of native blood and subsequent centrifugation in a Ficoll density gradient avoiding any anticoagulant during the preparation. In ADP, ionophore A 23 187 and thrombin induced aggregation an increase in extracellular Ca++ enhanced the velocity of aggregation. From a defined Ca++ concentration threshold on there was a shift from monophasic to biphasic aggregation. PMID- 6783015 TI - Studies on the role of calcium in the control of thromboxane B2 production. AB - 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) secretion and thromboxane B2 (TxB2) production by platelet-rich plasma in response to the Ionophore A23187 or the sulphydryl group reagent N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) were potentiated in the presence of EDTA. No such potentiation by EDTA was observed using aspirin-treated platelets. The addition of Ca2+ and also Mg2+ to suspensions of washed human platelets reduced the rate and extent of TxB2 formation in response to thrombin, A23187, collagen or NEM. In contrast, Sr2+ resulted in spontaneous TxB2 production and 5-HT secretion. PMID- 6783016 TI - Stimulation and inhibition of PGI2 synthetase activity by phospholipids (PL), cholesterol esters (CE), unesterified fatty acids (UFA) and lipoproteins (LDL and HDL). AB - We investigated the influence of different lipids on the transformation of PGH2 to PGI2 by the microsomal fraction of pig aorta. Phospholipids and cholesterol esters obtained from animals fed prenatally a linoleic acid rich diet stimulated the PGI2 formation. However, when obtained from animals fed prenatally a linoleic acid deficient diet, phospholipids and cholesterol esters inhibited PGI2 production. Unesterified fatty acids are potent inhibitors at 1 mM. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the length of the carbon chain and the number of double bonds in the UFA molecule. We found further that lipoproteins modified the PGI2 formation at physiological concentrations. The amount of hig density lipoprotein cholesterol had a positive correlation with the activity of PGI2 synthetase, whereas the amount of low density lipoproteins cholesterol had a negative one. PMID- 6783017 TI - CSF oligoclonal bands, immunoglobulins, and viral antibodies in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. AB - We studied CSF and serum samples from 16 patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME). These patients had juvenile-onset PME with evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance and no Lafora bodies. Twelve of the 16 patients with PME had immunologic abnormalities. Oligoclonal gamma bands were seen in six of the eight patients from whom sufficient CSF was available. The CSF albumin and serum/CSF albumin ratios were normal in all 16 patients, indicating the presence of intact blood-brain barriers. Six of the 16 patients showed increased CSF IgG levels and five had an increased CNS IgG synthesis. All patients had normal serum and CSF IgM and IgA levels. Three patients, all with bands, had reduced measles and/or vaccinia serum/CSF antibody ratios. The findings suggest altered immune response of the CNS of some patients with PME apparently caused by nonspecific immunostimulation. PMID- 6783018 TI - Dissociation between free and bound phenytoin levels in presence of valproate sodium. AB - A dissociation of free vs bound phenytoin levels is frequently observed in the presence of therapeutic doses of valproate sodium. This leads at times to symptoms and signs of phenytoin intoxication despite "therapeutic" plasma levels. The importance of supplementing bound levels with free levels is stressed when combined therapy of this type is used in epileptic patients. PMID- 6783019 TI - The effect of vitamin A acid on the middle ear of the guinea pig. AB - The bulla in guinea pigs was filled with 0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.5% vitamin A acid (retinoic acid) solution once or twice daily for an average of five days. Pure arachnoid oil was used as a control solution. The mucous membrane appeared normal in the ears receiving arachnoid oil or 0.01% vitamin A acid. In bullae receiving 0.1% and 0.5% solutions, the epithelium remained close to normal, but there were small areas of ossification that were particularly notable in the submucosal layer. There was no indication that the normal guinea pig mucosa showed a metaplastic change into a secreting gland, forming epithelium. PMID- 6783020 TI - Staged commissurotomy and central auditory function. AB - Two young right-handed men with normal peripheral hearing underwent a "staged" commissurotomy procedure. At the first surgical setting, approximately the posterior half of the corpus callosum was sectioned. Approximately two months after the first operation, the remaining portion was surgically disconnected. Extensive central auditory assessment indicated little deficit after each surgery, which was not the case in previous data on patients with commissurotomy at one setting. We discuss possible mechanisms for these differing results, along with the advantages of the staged surgical procedure. PMID- 6783021 TI - Intestinal lactase (beta-galactosidase) and other glycosidase activities in suckling and adult tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). AB - The activities of various glycosidases in homogenates of the small intestinal mucosa of two adult and 18 suckling tammar wallabies (M. eugenii) aged from 6 to 50 weeks were investigated. Lactase (beta-D-galactosidase), beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and neuraminidase activities were high during the first 34 weeks post partum and then declined to very low levels. Maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and trehalase activities were very low or absent during the first 34 weeks, and then increased. The lactase activity was unusual in being greater in the distal than the middle or proximal thirds of the intestine, and in its low pH optimum (pH 4.6), inhibition by p chloromercuribenzene sulfonate but not by Tris, and lack of cellobiase activity. These properties are those of a lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase rather than of a brush border neutral lactase. The maltase activity had the characteristics of a lysosomal acid alpha-glucosidase early in lactation and of a brush border neutral maltase in adult animals. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to changes in dietary carbohydrates during weaning and to the mode of digestion of milk carbohydrates by the pouch young. PMID- 6783022 TI - Sterilizing effects of trimethylphosphate in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Trimethylphosphate (TMP) causes aspermia in D. melanogaster males. If larvae are allowed to develop on standard maize-meal medium containing 0.002 M TMP or greater, the enclosing adult males, when placed on uncontaminated medium, exhibit a period of temporary sterility. Between test groups the period of sterility is most variable at the doses of 0.002-0.004 M, but at 0.005 M or greater is approximately 11-12 days. Near-lethal doses of about 20 g/kg by abdominal injection produces a temporary sterility in adults, whereas oral doses up to 0.02 M are ineffective. Oogenesis in females is not affected by doses which cause temporary sterility in males. In adult male D. melanogaster, which were treated as larvae with 0.01 M TMP in the food medium, the basal region of testes and seminal vesicles do not contain spermatozoa. Cytological examinations of the spermatids reveal ultrastructural changes which are characteristic of those seen in X/O and sterile-mutant males; they contain incomplete axial fibre complexes, abnormal development of the mitochondrial derivatives, and nuclei which fail to elongate and condense. Evidence from cytological studies of larval testes suggests that the chemosterilizing effect of TMP is upon early primary spermatocytes. This is also supported by mating data. PMID- 6783023 TI - Sodium valproate in the treatment of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. AB - The value of sodium valproate in the management of patients during withdrawal from alcohol dependence has been assessed. Alcoholic inpatients were randomly allocated to two groups - one treated with sodium valproate and the other acting as a control. All patients received multivitamins and fluid and electrolyte replacement, and some received chlormethiazole or other tranquillisers. Treatment with sodium valproate (1200 mg daily) was continued for one week. The occurrence of seizures and other withdrawal symptoms (tremulousness, nausea, sweating, disorientation) were noted daily. Forty-nine episodes of withdrawal have been included in the trial - 22 in the sodium valproate group and 27 in the control group. Five patients, all in the control group, had seizures. Other withdrawal symptoms disappeared more quickly in the sodium valproate group even though fewer patients were receiving chlormethiazole. PMID- 6783024 TI - Relative male age, fertility, and competitive mating success in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Female choice experiments were used to investigate the effect of relative male age on mating success in D. melanogaster. Experiments were conducted with a Canton-S (CS) strain, in which two virgin males of different ages (2, 4, or 8 days old) were offered to virgin females. Older males were found to be more successful under competitive conditions in another group of experiments, vermilion (v) males of different ages competed with CS males of different ages. The competitive success of v males was found to increase with their relative age. Male fertility at 2, 4, and 8 days of age was documented for both male genotypes mated with CS females. CS males fathered more offspring per copulation than v males, and the fertility of all males was found to increase with age. Discussion focuses on the changes in male mating success and fertility with age and genotype. PMID- 6783025 TI - Larval responses to environmental ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster: variation within and among populations. AB - There is a latitudinal cline in attraction to ethanol of newly hatched D. melanogaster larvae; attraction decreases as one moves from the temperature regions to the Australian tropics. Tropical populations manifest high levels of heterogeneity compared with temperate regions, making tropical populations less dependent on ethanol. Since ethanol is a resource for D. melanogaster, an approach to the genetics of resource utilization in natural populations via behavior genetics of larval ethanol responses is feasible, using isofemale strains as experimental material. PMID- 6783026 TI - Relationship between ADH activity and behavioral response to environmental alcohol in Drosophila. AB - Three alcohol dehydrogenase genotypes, homozygous for either the electrophoretically fast, slow, or null allele at the Adh locus in D. melanogaster, were tested for relative larval alcohol preference behavior (APB) over a range of ethanol concentrations. Differences in behavior between genotypes were not significant at concentrations below 10%. At concentrations greater than 10%, avoidance behavior was negatively correlated with the relative ADH activity levels of the genotypes tested. A model based on the differential buildup of toxic acetaldehyde is proposed to explain the avoidance response. PMID- 6783027 TI - Foraging strategies of Drosophila melanogaster: a chromosomal analysis. AB - Two larval foraging strategies in Drosophila melanogaster were identified, "rover" and "sitter." "Rovers" traverse a large area while feeding whereas "sitters" cover a small area. The difference between "rovers" and "sitters" was analyzed genetically by chromosomal substitutions between isogenic stocks. Differences in larval locomotor behavior ("crawling behavior") can be attributed to the second chromosome, the "rover" strategy being dominant over the "sitter" strategy. Differences in feeding rate ("shoveling behavior") are affected additively by both the second and third chromosomes. Natural populations of Drosophila larvae were sampled three times over a 2-month period; "rovers" and "sitters" were at constant frequencies in these populations. The two foraging strategies are discussed in the light of resource utilization in environments where food is distributed continuously or discontinuously. PMID- 6783028 TI - Isolation and characterization of repair-deficient mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6783029 TI - Effects of recombination-deficient and repair-deficient loci on meiotic and mitotic chromosome behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The results of recent genetic and cytological studies on recombination-defective and repair-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster are summarized. These studies show that there is substantial overlap between the functions used in various aspects of DNA metabolism in Drosophila. Most loci first identified by either recombination-defective or mutagen-sensitive mutants have been shown also to function in nonmutagenized mitotic cells where their action is necessary to maintain the integrity of the genome: mutants at particular loci produce elevated frequencies of chromosome breakage, mitotic exchange, mutation, and/or chromosome loss. Genetic studies of meiotic recombination show that many of the loci identified by recombination-defective mutants restrict where along the chromosome arms exchange may occur. Recent EM studies suggest that the products of at least some of these loci are components of recombination nodules. Region-specific control of DNA metabolism is also indicated by the finding of nonrandom patterns of chromosome breakage in some mutagen-sensitive mutants. Recombination-defective mutants at two loci have been studied for their effects on sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and x-ray induced aberrations. Mutants at both loci are defective in steps necessary for the production of symmetrical chromatid interchanges but have little effect on SCEs. PMID- 6783030 TI - Mutation induction in repair-deficient strains of Drosophila. AB - Experimental evidence indicates a polygenic control of mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. In oocytes chromosome aberrations detected as half-translocations or dominant lethals depend on a repair system which in a number of genetically nonrelated strains shows different repair capacities. Sister chromatic exchanges (SCE) are easily studied as ring chromosome losses. They develop through a genotype controlled mechanism from, premutational lesions. Stocks with particular pairs of third chromosomes were discovered in which increased sensitivity of larvae to the toxic effects of a monofunctional alkylating agent (MMS) correlates with high frequencies of x-ray induced SCE's. Sex-linked mutagen-sensitive mutants could be shown to control mutation fixation: Pronounced maternal effects were found when sperm carrying particular types of premutational lesions were introduced into different types of mutant oocytes. The mutant mus(1)101D1 was found to be unable to process lesions induced by the crosslinking agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) into point mutations (measured as sex-linked recessive lethals). Alkylation damage leads to increased point mutation frequencies in the excision repair deficient mutant mei-9L1, but to reduced frequencies in the post replication repair deficient mutant mei-41D5. It became clear that the study of maternal effects on mutagenized sperm represents an efficient tool to analyze the genetic control of mutagenesis in the eukaryotic genome of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6783031 TI - Repair and mutagenesis in Drosophila: a summary and perspective. PMID- 6783032 TI - Mutation induction in a radiation-sensitive variant of mammalian cells. AB - Ultraviolet light (UV)-induced mutations were compared between a UV-sensitive variant and its parental mouse lymphoma cell line. The variant was originally isolated for its sensitivity to 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide by employing a replica plating method and proved to be sensitive to the killing by UV as well. Caffeine potentiation of UV killing was observed to a similar extent in the variant and the parental cells, indicating that the caffeine-insensitive process is responsible for UV sensitivity in the variant. The induced mutation frequency as determined by resistance to 6-thioguanine was higher in the variant than in the parental cells per unit dose of UV as well as at the comparable survival level. PMID- 6783033 TI - DNA repair in nuclei isolated from HeLa cells. AB - We have studied the DNA repair synthesis in HeLa cell isolated nuclei in presence of aphidicolin, which selectively inhibits DNA polymerase alpha but not DNA polymerases beta and gamma. The drug strongly depresses the DNA synthesis rate both in vivo and in the subcellular system but seems not to interfere with DNA repair. The enhancement in nucleotide incorporation by isolated nuclei after UV irradiation is observed only in the presence of ATP. PMID- 6783034 TI - [Schizogony of Sarcocystis suis in swine]. PMID- 6783037 TI - Purification and organ-specific properties of cholecalciferol 25-hydroxylase system: cytochrome P-450D25-linked mixed function oxidase system. PMID- 6783036 TI - Crystallization and characterization of human liver kynurenine--glyoxylate aminotransferase. Identity with alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine- pyruvate aminotransferase. AB - Kynurenine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase were co-purified and crystallized as yellow cubes from human liver particulate fraction. The crystalline enzyme was homogeneous by the criteria of electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, gel filtration, sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation and analytical ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated as approx. 90000, 89000 and 99000 by the use of gel filtration, analytical ultracentrifugation and sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation respectively, with two identical subunits. The enzyme has a s(20,w) value of 5.23S, an isoelectric point of 8.3 and a pH optimum between 9.0 and 9.5. The enzyme solution showed absorption maxima at 280 and 420nm. The enzyme catalysed transamination between several l-amino acids and pyruvate or glyoxylate. The order of effectiveness of amino acids was alanine>serine>glutamine>glutamate>methionine>kynurenine = phenylalanine = asparagine>valine>histidine>lysine>leucine>isoleucine>arginine>tyrosine = threonine>aspartate, with glyoxylate as amino acceptor. The enzyme was active with glyoxylate, oxaloacetate, hydroxypyruvate, pyruvate, 4-methylthio-2 oxobutyrate and 2-oxobutyrate, but showed little activity with phenylpyruvate, 2 oxoglutarate and 2-oxoadipate, with kynurenine as amino donor. Kynurenine glyoxylate aminotransferase activity was competitively inhibited by the addition of l-alanine or l-serine. From these results we conclude that kynurenine glyoxylate aminotransferase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine pyruvate aminotransferase activities of human liver are catalysed by a single protein. Kinetic parameters for the kynurenine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase, serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and alanine hydroxypyruvate aminotransferase reactions of the enzyme are presented. PMID- 6783035 TI - Stereospecificity of hepatic L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. AB - Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [L-tryptophan--oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing), EC 1.13.11.11] has been reported to act solely on the L-isomer of tryptophan. However, by using a sensitive assay method with D- and L-[ring-2 14C]tryptophan and improved assay conditions, we were able to demonstrate that both the D- and L-stereoisomers of tryptophan were cleaved by the supernatant fraction (30000 g, 30 min) of liver homogenates of several species of mammals, including rat, mouse, rabbit and human. The ratio of activities toward D- and L tryptophan was species variable, the highest (0.67) in ox liver and the lowest (0.07) in rat liver, the latter being hitherto exclusively used for the study of hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. In the supernatant fraction from mouse liver, the ratio was 0.23 but the specific activity with D-tryptophan was by far the highest of all the species tested. To identify the D-tryptophan cleaving enzyme activity, the enzyme was purified from mouse liver to apparent homogeneity. The specific activities toward D- and L-tryptophan showed a parallel rise with each purification step. The electrophoretically homogeneous protein had specific activities of 0.55 and 2.13 mumol/min per mg of protein at 25 degrees C toward D- and L-tryptophan, respectively. Additional evidence from heat treatment, inhibition and kinetic studies indicated that the same active site of a single enzyme was responsible for both activities. The molecular weight (150000), subunit structure (alpha 2 beta 2) and haem content (1.95 mol/mol) of the purified enzyme from mouse liver were similar to those of rat liver tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase. The assay conditions employed in the previous studies on the stereospecificity of hepatic tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase were apparently inadequate for determination of the D-tryptophan cleaving activity. Under the assay conditions in the present study, the purified enzyme from rat liver also acted on D-tryptophan, whereas the pseudomonad enzyme was strictly specific for the L-isomer. PMID- 6783038 TI - Sex difference in N-demethylation activity of ethylmorphine in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6783039 TI - Glucuronidation of oxygenated benzo(a)pyrene derivatives by UDP-glucuronyl transferase of nuclear envelope. PMID- 6783040 TI - Lethal heat induces single strand breaks in the DNA of bacterial spores. PMID- 6783041 TI - Comparative studies of thyrotropin releasing hormone diazomethyl ketone and chloromethyl ketone analogs. PMID- 6783042 TI - Effect of polyamine on microsomal cytochrome P-450 stimulation of rate and improved coupling of NADPH oxidation to hydroxylation. PMID- 6783043 TI - A calcium hypothesis for the control of cell growth. PMID- 6783044 TI - Biosynthesis of cell-surface immunoglobulins. PMID- 6783046 TI - Mechanism of metabolic activation of chloroform by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6783045 TI - A new antiinflammatory compound, timegadine (N-cyclohexyl-N"-4-[2-methylquinolyl] N'-2-thiazolylguanidine), which inhibits both prostaglandin and 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) formation. PMID- 6783047 TI - Distribution and metabolism of tritiumlabelled 5-S-cysteinyldopa in mice. PMID- 6783048 TI - Sulphydryl dependence of the inhibition of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte proliferation by sodium aurothiomalate. PMID- 6783049 TI - Desensitization of ionophore A23187 responses by muscarinic receptor stimulation in intestinal smooth muscle. PMID- 6783051 TI - Multiple-dose kinetics of the trypanosomicide benznidazole in man. AB - The multiple-dose kinetics of N-benzyl-2-nitro-1-imidazole acetamide (benznidazole, Radanil) has been studied in eight patients with Chagas disease. The plasma level maxima and minima of the unchanged drug were measured on the 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th day of the four-week treatment (steady-state equilibrium). The measured values agreed well with the calculated values (calculation based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of benznidazole found in a preliminary single-dose study with healthy volunteers and the elimination half life of each patient determined at the end of the treatment). The results indicate that benznidazole is a drug well suited for repeat dose schedules as applied and recommended in Chagas disease. No undue rise or fall in the drug plasma level should occur under these circumstances. PMID- 6783050 TI - Studies on type II collagen-induced polyarthritis in rats. Effect of antiinflammatory and antirheumatic agents. AB - The effect of a variety of antiinflammatory and antirheumatic agents on both developing and established lesions of type II collagen induced polyarthritis in rats was examined. Administration of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents indomethacin or phenylbutazone suppressed the paw inflammation associated with the disease without affecting type II collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints showed suppression of several parameters related to joint destruction. This was most probably related to the antiinflammatory properties of the two drugs. Administration of prednisolone, a steroidal antiinflammatory agent, suppressed paw inflammation; type II collagen antibody titers were significantly decreased in the developing lesion, but the drug had no effect on antibody titers in the established lesion. Radiographic analysis of the joints showed decreases in several parameters of joint destruction. Cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, completely suppressed the inflammation associated with the developing lesion but had only minimal effect against the established disease. Collagen antibody titers were decreased and an improvement in only one radiologic parameter (periostitis) was detected. Treatment with antirheumatic agents such as gold thioglucose or levamisole enhanced severity of inflammation in the established lesion and caused increases in collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints indicated that while gold had no effect, levamisole enhanced joint destruction. Treatment with D-penicillamine had no effect on paw inflammation, despite increases in collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints indicated an improvement in all parameters related to joint destruction in animals treated with penicillamine. PMID- 6783052 TI - [Immunity to diphtheria in advanced cancer patients]. AB - In expectation of a possible anticancer treatment with diphtheria toxin, the antidiphtheria immunity has been tested on 65 advanced cancerous patients. The test has been carried out by Schick's test and by blood antibodies' dosage effected by a process "in vivo" on the depilated skin of the New Zealand rabbit. The results show that about the 30% of these patients has no antidiphtheria immunity. The remaining 70% has antidiphtheria immunity, even if in half cases the antibody level is lower than the limit conventionally considered minimum. In case of a treatment with diphtheria toxin on cancerous patients: we suggest to correlate the doses to the antibody level. PMID- 6783053 TI - Coil planet centrifuge - a new method for measurement of osmotic fragility of erythrocytes and its application in alcohol liver injuries. AB - The present study was designed to examine the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes measured by a new method-Coil Planet Centrifuge under the glutaraldehyde incubation, and to determine free cholesterol and adenine nucleotide contents of glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes compared with that of control erythrocytes. Glutaraldehyde increased the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes. Hemolysis end point of glutaraldehyde-treated erythrocytes shifted to hypo-osmolar side after 2.5 h hours incubation (p less than 0.001). Free cholesterol content of erythrocytes was not changed by the addition of glutaraldehyde, however, ATP content significantly increased when compared with controls (p less than 0.001). Moreover, the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes in 55 patients with alcoholic liver injuries and the relation between the disease were examined by Coil Planet Centrifuge. Hemolysis end point shifted to hypo-osmolar side in the patients, and our results suggest that the increase in osmotic resistance is partly responsible for the increase in the rigidity of erythrocytes. This new method was also helpful in evaluation in the clinical course of alcoholic liver injuries. PMID- 6783054 TI - Liver glutamate-oxalate transaminase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase activity in pigs as influenced by dietary methionine and lysine levels. AB - Four trials involving 192 Large White X Landrace pigs were conducted to investigate the effect of wide variation of dietary methionine, lysine and caloric density on the activity of hepatic glutamate-oxalate ad glutamate pyruvate transaminases. Results of the study show that: The activities of the two transaminases were influenced by the nutritional treatments. GOT and GPT activity exhibited significant positive and negative quadratic relationship respectively with dietary methionine levels. Both GOT and GPT activities decreased with increasing caloric density or palm oil level of the diet. In weanling pigs, both GOT and GPT exhibited significant negative quadratic relationship with dietary lysine levels and were also significantly influenced by the sex of the animals. In older pigs, only GOT activity was significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. The correlation of GOT and GPT activities to dietary essential amino acids shows that hepatic enzymatic activities could be good indices of essential amino acid utilization. PMID- 6783056 TI - A specific radioenzymatic assay for dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Plasma dopa may be the precursor of urine free dopamine. AB - 1 A sensitive radioenzymatic assay was developed, in which DOPA is enzymatically decarboxylated to dopamine and the latter converted to [3H]-methoxytyramine in the presence of [3H]-S-adenosyl-L-methionine and catechol-o-methyltransferase. 2 The assay was specific for DOPA, and was sensitive to 50 pg/ml. 3 Endogenous DOPA was found to be present in the plasma of eight human volunteers at a concentration of 10.46 +/- 2.42 nmol/l. 4 Simultaneous urine collections in the same subjects showed a free dopamine excretion of 68.88 +/- 17.70 nmol/h. There was significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between plasma DOPA concentration and urine free dopamine excretion (r = 0.84). 5 After the oral administration of 250 mg levodopa, plasma DOPA and urine dopamine both increased by a similar proportion (98 +/- 8.4-fold, and 93.4 +/- 6.9-fold respectively). These compare with an increase in plasma dopamine of only 26 +/- 15-fold (P less than 0.01). 6 Following the orale dose DOPA, the increase in plasma DOPA, but not plasma dopamine, could account for the increase in urine dopamine. The calculated clearance of plasma DOPA by renal decarboxylation to dopamine was 114 +/- 20 ml/min. 7 This is not significantly different from the apparent clearance of endogenous DOPA by renal decarboxylation to dopamine, and suggests that there is adequate renal decarboxylase activity for DOPA to be the precursor for renal dopamine formation. PMID- 6783055 TI - Plasma diazepam and desmethyldiazepam concentrations during long-term diazepam therapy. AB - 1 Factors influencing steady-state plasma concentrations of diazepam (DZ) and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) were assessed in 110 male Veterans Administration outpatient clinic patients (mean age 53 years). 2 Patients reportedly had taken DZ for 1 to 14 years (mean duration 5.1 years) at a mean daily dose of 20 mg (range 2 to 55 mg). 3 Steady-state plasma concentrations of DZ (mean 329 ng/ml) and DMDZ (mean 389 ng/ml) were highly correlated (r = 0.80), with a mean DMDZ/DZ ratio of 1.26. 4 Weight-corrected daily dose were significantly correlated with plasma level of DZ (r = 0.32), DMDZ (r = 0.38) and the sum of DZ plus DMDZ (r = 0.37), but explained a small fraction of individual variation. 5 Duration of therapy, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, and number of other drugs coingested were not significantly related to plasma level. PMID- 6783057 TI - Respiratory and metabolic effects of oral nefopam in human volunteers. PMID- 6783059 TI - A controlled trial of ketotifen in exercise-induced asthma. AB - We studied 17 patients in a double-blind controlled trial to see if ketotifen, a new oral mast-cell stabilizing agent, would protect against bronchoconstriction induced by exercise on a treadmill. In addition eight of the patients also completed exercise tests without previous medication and again after inhalation of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). The greatest amount of bronchoconstriction was caused by exercise without preliminary treatment. There was less bronchoconstriction after ketotifen, but this was no better than a placebo. DSCG provided significant protection. We were unable to confirm previous reports that ketotifen is as effective as DSCG in preventing exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 6783058 TI - The in vitro metabolism of ethinyloestradiol, mestranol and levonorgestrel by human jejunal mucosa. AB - 1 Ethinyloestradiol was extensively metabolised in vitro by human jejunal mucosa to form ethinyloestradiol sulphate. 2 The amount of conjugation was directly related to the weight of biopsy tissue. 3 The degree of conjugation of mestranol and levonorgestrel was much lower than for ethinyloestradiol suggesting that the 17-position of the steroid nucleus is relatively inaccessible for conjugation. 4 No Phase I metabolism of ethinyloestradiol or levonorgestrel was apparent in the conditions used in these experiments. PMID- 6783060 TI - Isolation and biochemical characterization of tyrosinase-rich GERL and coated vesicle in melanin synthesizing cells. AB - The site of condensation and activation of tyrosinase prior to melanosome melanogenesis has been investigated using subcellular fractionation and enzymic analysis of so-called Golgi apparatus of melanoma cells. Two different functional units have been found in the so-called Golgi fraction, the tyrosinase-rich GERL coated vesicle unit and the TPPase-rich Golgi unit. The tyrosinase-rich unit consists of a tubular structure with a cisternal portion corresponding to the three-dimensional structural characteristics of GERL, and spheroid vesicles, corresponding to the currently accepted criteria for coated vesicles. This fact suggests, in agreement with electron microscopic observations, that the GERL coated vesicle unit is a specialized portion of smooth endoplasmic reticulum having the function of activating and condensing the tyrosinase synthesized by ribosomes. PMID- 6783061 TI - Report of an infant with GM1 gangliosidosis type I and extensive and unusual mongolian spots. AB - An infant with GM1 gangliosidosis was found to have an eruption at birth consisting of extensive and unusual slate blue macules resembling mongolian spots. All areas of skin were involved except face, scalp, palms, and soles. A biopsy of a macule obtained at 5 months of age demonstrated melanocytic cells in the dermis consistent with monogolian spot but also a perivascular histiocytic infiltrate. At 8 months of age, absence of beta-galactosidase activity was documented in both peripheral leukocytes and skin fibroblasts confirming the diagnosis of GM1 gangliosidosis. The dermal histiocytic cells noted on skin biopsy were interpreted as a manifestation of this storage disease. The coexistence of the hyperpigmented lesions and the heritable enzyme defect was believed to be coincidental. PMID- 6783062 TI - The role of intensive plasma exchange in the prevention and management of haemorrhage in patients with inhibitors to factor VIII. AB - A strategy for the prevention and management of haemorrhage in patients with inhibitors to factor VIII by intensive plasma exchange and human factor VIII infusion is described. The advantages and disadvantages of this approach are discussed in the light of the authors' experience with the technique and the alternative methods of treatment described in the literature. PMID- 6783063 TI - Factor VIII:C and VIII:CAg response in patients with haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease after administration of different factor VIII concentrates or plasma. AB - Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII procoagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) were studied in seven patients with haemophilia A after administration of three different factor VIII concentrates or plasma. The in vivo recovery of VIII:CAg was less than that of VIII:C and the disappearance rate of VIII:CAg was much higher either when concentrates or plasma were given. The half-life of VIII:C was thus about 12 h but of VIII:CAg only about 3 h or less. Six patients with von Willebrand's disease were studied after administration of AHF-Kabi. In contrast to haemophilia A the discrepancy between VIII:C and VIII:CAg disappearance rates was not present in von Willebrand's disease, since both VIII:C and VIII:CAg showed a typical progressive increase. We conclude that factor VIII:C given to haemophilia patients does not behave like native VIII:C, not even when fresh plasma is used. Patients with von Willebrand's disease are capable of forming a normal VIII:C when appropriately stimulated. PMID- 6783064 TI - Newborn factor VIII complex: elevated activities in term infants and alterations in electrophoretic mobility related to illness and activated coagulation. AB - The factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C), factor VIII related antigen (FVIII:RAG), and factor VIII ristocetin cofactor activity (FVIII:RCF) was determined in the cord blood samples of 30 healthy term newborns. Sodium citrate anticoagulant, cold, and a proteolytic inhibitor were used in sample processing. All three factor VIII activities were elevated in infants compared to adults; additionally, FVIII:RAG was significantly higher in vaginally compared with caesarean section delivered infants. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the term infant plasma showed a consistently normal factor VIII mobility. An additional group of 22 sick premature and term infants had determinations of factor VIII antigen and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The FVIII:RAG of sick infants was approximately twice that of the well term infants. Infants with severe lung disease, asphyxia, thrombosis and sepsis had normal electrophoretic mobility despite marked elevations in FVIII:RAG. Abnormal, symmetrical, more anodal migrations were seen only in a group of severely ill newborns with dissiminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or signs of activated fibrinolysis. These results suggest that the elevated FVIII activities seen in well infants and most sick newborns are the result of increased release of a normal form of the FVIII molecule. Those elevations seen in sick newborns with DIC result from increased release and the production of an altered, faster moving FVIII molecule. PMID- 6783065 TI - Quantitation of binding of factor VIII antigen to concanavalin A. AB - This study establishes a convenient method for screening plasma samples for abnormalities of the carbohydrate content of the factor VIII (FVIII) molecule. A radioimmuno-electrophoretic technique has been developed to quantitate the percentage binding of FVIII-related antigen (VIII-Ag) to the lectin concanavalin A (Con A). Plasma samples were electrophoresed through a strip of agarose containing Con A into agarose containing a mixture of unlabelled anti-FVIII and 125I-anti-FVIII where precipitant lines formed, the height of which was dependent upon the degree of VIII-Ag binding to Con A in the first gel. Using this system reduced binding of VIII-Ag to Con A was found in the plasma of 12 patients with moderate classical von Willebrand's disease (vWd), while the Con A binding of six haemophilia A patients fell within the normal range. The VIII-Ag in normal cryoprecipitate showed increased % binding to Con A while the VIII-Ag remaining in the cryo-supernate demonstrated reduced Con A % binding. PMID- 6783067 TI - Comparison of experimental carcinogenesis in normal hamster cheek pouch and pouch treated previously by cryosurgery. PMID- 6783066 TI - Synthesis and release of factor VIII by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from human umbilical veins were cultured in order to study the physiological control of factor VIII synthesis and release. The culture media were studied from multiple replicate cultures at confluence. Factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) and factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) were measured by sensitive immunoradiometric assays. De novo synthesis of factor VIII related protein (VIII:R) was quantitated by incorporation of labelled amino acids into specific protein subunits. The following agents were added to the culture medium in a range of concentrations from physiological to pharmacological: adrenaline, 5 hydroxytryptamine, 2,3-DPG, cyclic AMP, thyroxine, hydrocortisone, and human growth hormone. None of them had any effect at any concentration on the rate of accumulation of VIIIR:Ag in the culture medium. Addition of exogenous factor VIII had no effect on do novo synthesis of VIII:R. VIII:CAg was found to be stable under the conditions of culture but none was released from the ECs. Long-term monocyte cultures also failed to release VIII:CAg. It appears that VIII:R is a constitutive gene product of umbilical vein endothelial cells and that VIII:CAg is not made by these cells. PMID- 6783068 TI - Digestion in the pigs between 7 and 35 d of age. 4. The digestion of amino acids in pigs given milk and soya-bean proteins. AB - 1. In two experiments, forty-four pigs weaned at 4--5 d of age were given diets containing milk or soya-bean proteins until slaughtered at 14, 28, or 35 d of age. 2. Additions of methionine and methionine plus lysine to the diets did not increase the proportions of these amino acids in ileal digesta. 3. In the pigs given a nitrogen-free diet, ileal digesta contained more threonine, proline and glycine than in pigs given diets containing protein. 4. The apparent and true digestibility of amino acids were greater when milk protein was fed than when soya-bean proteins were fed. 5. The apparent digestion of amino acids to the ileum of pigs given isolated soya-bean protein (ISP; Supro 610) increased with increasing age of pigs from a mean of 0 . 82 at 14 d of age to 0 . 87 at 35 d of age. 6. When milk protein was fed apparent digestibilities of methionine and lysine to the ileum were 0 . 912 and 0 . 905. The apparent digestibility of threonine to the ileum was 0 . 800, 0 . 774 and 0 . 504 for pigs given the milk-, ISP and soya-bean-meal (SBM)-protein diets respectively. 7. Apparent digestibilities of total essential and non-essential amino acids were 0 . 79 and 0 . 69 respectively, and true digestibilities of both were 0 . 82. PMID- 6783069 TI - Availability of lysine in vegetable protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs and rats and by chemical techniques. AB - 1. The availability of lysine in seven vegetable protein concentrates was determined using the slope-ratio assay with growing pigs and rats and with two chemical techniques. 2. With pigs, estimates of availability were lower using carcass compared to live-weight values, but there was no consistent effect of including food intake in the criterion of response. Availability estimates, using food conversion efficiency on a carcass basis were (proportion of total) linseed meal -0 . 23, lupin-seed meal 0 . 74, rapeseed meal no. 1 0 . 97, no. 2 0 . 77, sunflower meal no. 1 0 . 59, no. 2 0 . 66, no. 3 0 . 54. 3. Availability estimates for lysine with rats were also lower using carcass compared to live weight values. Estimates based on food conversion efficiency were higher than those based on weight gain. Availability estimates in lupin-seed meal and sunflower meals were in general agreement with the pig estimates, whilst that with linseed meal was considerably higher (0 . 82). Assays were not conducted with rapeseed meal due to problems of food rejection with this meal. 4. The differences in available lysine were not detected by the chemical Silcock available-lysine test (Roach et al. 1967) nor by the direct fluoro-dinitrobenzene procedure (Carpenter, 1960). PMID- 6783070 TI - Role of arginine residue in saccharopine dehydrogenase (L-lysine forming) from baker's yeast. AB - The baker's yeast saccharopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.7) was inactivated by 2,3 butanedione following pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The pseudo-first order rate constant for inactivation was linearly related to the butanedione concentration, and a value of 7.5 M-1 min-1 was obtained for the second-order rate constant at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C. Amino acid analysis of the inactivated enzyme revealed that arginine was the only amino acid residue affected. Although as many as eight arginine residues were lost on prolonged incubation with butanedione, only one residue appears to be essential for activity. The modification resulted in the change in Vmax, but not in Km, values for substrates. The inactivation by butanedione was substantially protected by L leucine, a competitive analogue of substrate lysine, in the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) and alpha-ketoglutarate. Since leucine binds only to the enzyme-NADH-alpha-ketoglutarate complex, the result suggests that an arginine residue located near the binding site for the amino acid substrate is modified. Titration with leucine showed that the reaction of butanedione also took place with the enzyme-NADH-alpha-ketoglutarate-leucine complex more slowly than with the free enzyme. The binding study indicated that the inactivated enzyme still retained the capacity to bind leucine, although the affinity appeared to be somewhat decreased. From these results it is concluded that an arginine residue essential for activity is involved in the catalytic reaction rather than in the binding of the coenzyme and substrates. PMID- 6783071 TI - Raman spectroscopy of the thermal properties of reassembled high-density lipoprotein: apolipoprotein A-I complexes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Isolated complexes of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the major apoprotein of human plasma high-density lipoproteins, and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) have been prepared and studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Raman spectroscopy. DSC studies establish that complexes having lipid to protein ratios of 200, 100, and 50 to 1 each exhibit a broad reversible thermal transition at Tc = 27 degrees C. The enthalpy of lipid melting for each of the three complexes is about 3 kcal/mol of DMPC. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the physical state of lipid molecules in the complexes is different from that in DMPC multilamellar liposomes. Analysis of the C-H stretching region (2800-3000 cm-1) of the complexes and of the pure components in water suggests that below 24 degrees C (Tc for DMPC) there is considerably less lateral order among lipid acyl chains in the complexes than in DMPC liposomes. Above 24 degrees C, these types of interactions appear to contribute equally or slightly less to the complex structure than in pure DMPC. The temperature dependence of peaks in the C-C stretching region (1000-1180 cm-1) reveals a continuous increase in the number of lipid acyl chain C-C gauche isomers over a broad range with increasing temperature. Compared to liposomes, DMPC in the complexes has more acyl chain trans isomers at temperatures above 24 degrees C; at temperatures above ca. 30 degrees C, trans isomer content is about the same for complexes and liposomes. A large change was observed in a protein vibrational band at 1340 cm-1 for pure vs. complexed apoA-I, indicating that protein hydrocarbon side chains are immobilized by lipid binding. The Raman data indicate that the reduction in melting enthalpy for complexes DMPC (approximately 3 kcal/mol) compared to that for free DMPC (approximately 6 kcal/mol) is due to reduced van der Waals interactions in the low-temperature lipid phase. PMID- 6783072 TI - Hydrogen exchange analysis of ligand-induced conformational changes in Fab. PMID- 6783073 TI - Role of the carbohydrate moiety in the antigenic site(s) of human serum low density lipoprotein. AB - Radioimmunoassay techniques have been used to evaluate the contribution of the carbohydrate moiety to the immunological reactivity of human serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Low-density lipoprotein (d = 1.024--1.045 g/mL) was isolated from normolipidemic serum by ultracentrifugal flotation. Radioimmunoassay was performed with 125I-labeled LDL and several homologous antisera, each corresponding to different periods (1--18 weeks) of immunization and thus containing various antibody populations. Unlabeled LDL and different monosaccharides characteristic to this particle, i.e., mannose, sialic acid, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, and fucose, were used as competitors in the binding of the labeled antigen with antibody. In the reaction with antisera corresponding to the highest antibody titer, unlabeled LDL, sialic acid, and mannose inhibited the binding of labeled LDL up to 62%, 25%, and 16%, respectively; a low degree of inhibition (some 13%) was occasionally obtained with glucose. Galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, and fucose failed to compete with labeled LDL. Studies with antisera corresponding to different periods of immunization (2, 4, and 8 weeks) indicated that antibodies reacting with mannose appeared early (maximum 31% inhibition at 2 weeks), disappearing at 6--8 weeks; in contrast, antibodies reacting with sialic acid augmented progressively (10% inhibition at 2 weeks, 20% at 4 weeks, and 35% at the end of the immunization). These data are consistent with the conclusion that sialic acid and mannose, the terminal residues of LDL glycopeptides I and II [Swaminathan, N., & Aladjem, F. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 1516--1621], are implicated in the antigenic site(s) of LDL. PMID- 6783074 TI - pH properties and chemical mechanism of action of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. AB - The pH variation of the kinetic parameters V and V/K for the oxidation of mevaldate by NADP+ in the presence of CoA (reverse reaction) and for the reduction of mevaldate by NADPH in the presence or absence of CoA (forward reaction) for the reactions catalyzed by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase was examined. In the reverse reaction a group, X, on the enzyme with a pK of 7.9 must be unprotonated for NADP+ binding and catalysis. The presence of NADP+ shifts this pK to a value below 6. The V/K profile for mevaldate shows that deprotonation of a group, Y, with a pK of 6.7 decreased the reaction rate by a factor of 27. In the forward reaction, the pK of the X group was about 6.9 except when CoA and mevaldate were both present, in which case it was shifted to 7.8. CoA decreased the Kms for mevaldate about 10-fold without changing the Vmax at the optimum protonation state. The catalytic group, X, was identified as a cationic acid, probably histidine. A catalytic mechanism is proposed in which the protonated form of histidine induces hydride transfer from the A side of NADPH by donating a proton to the carbonyl of HMG-CoA or to the aldehyde form of mevaldate. The role of the Y group, which from its pK of 6.7 and the chemistry involved may be a carboxyl group, is presumably to catalyze conversion of mevaldate thiohemiacetal formed in the reduction of HMG-CoA to CoA and the free aldehyde form of mevaldate. Mevaldate was shown by 1H NMR to contain 44% hydrate in D2O and 39% in H2O. When an enzymatic method was used, it was also determined that only one stereoisomer of mevaldate is used by HMG-CoA reductase. PMID- 6783076 TI - Differential effects of aphidicolin on replicative DNA synthesis and unscheduled DNA synthesis in permeable mouse sarcoma cells. AB - Aphidicolin clearly discriminated replicative DNA synthesis from unscheduled DNA synthesis. Aphidicolin inhibited replicative DNA synthesis in permeable mouse ascites sarcoma cells. The mode of inhibition of aphidicolin was a mixed type with respect to deoxycytidine triphosphate but was non-competitive with respect to the other three deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Aphidicolin did not affect the activity of unscheduled DNA synthesis in either bleomycin-treated permeable sarcoma cells or isolated rat liver nuclei. Considering the difference in sensitivity of DNA polymerase alpha and beta to aphidicolin, and other related information reported previously, the results are compatible with the idea that DNA polymerase alpha is involved in replicative DNA synthesis and DNA polymerase beta in unscheduled DNA synthesis in the present systems. PMID- 6783075 TI - Structural comparison of human, bovine, rat, and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma asparaginyl-tRNA. AB - The complete nucleotide sequences of human placenta, human liver, and bovine liver tRNAAsn have been determined. A comparison of these tRNA structures with the previously reported nucleotide sequences of rat liver and Walker 256 carcinosarcoma tRNAAns reveals that the primary nucleotide sequences of the major species of mammalian cytoplasmic tRNAasn are conserved in higher eucaryotes. The complete nucleotide sequence of these tRNAs is: pG-U-C-U-C-U-G-U-m1G-m2G-C-G-C-A A-D-C-G-G-D-X-A-G-C-G-C-m2(2)G-psi-psi-C-G-G-C-U-Q(G)-U-U-t6A-A-C-C-G-A-A-A-G-m7G D-U-G-G-U-G-G-Z-psi-C-G-m1A-G-C-C-C-A-C-C-C-A-G-G-G-A-C-G-C-C-AOH where X is 3-(3 amino-3-carboxyl-n-propyl)uridine, Q is 7-(4,5-cis-dihydroxyl-1-cyclopenten-3-yl aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine, Z is an unknown modified nucleotide, and Q(G) represents the replacement of Q nucleoside by G nucleoside in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma tRNAAsn. These primary structures were determined by combined use of the 3H- and 32P-post-labeling techniques. Sequences were compared by tritium nucleoside trialcohol analysis, completed RNAase T1 digestion followed by 3H labeled fingerprinting on polyethylenimine-impregnated cellulose by two dimensional thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of either 5'-32P- and/or 3'-[32P]pCp-labeled tRNA after partial ribonuclease digestions. PMID- 6783077 TI - Inactivation of galactosyltransferase by lactoperoxidase and N-acetylimidazole. AB - Galactosyltransferase (UDPgalactose:D-glucose 4-beta-D-galactosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.22) was totally inactivated by iodination with lactoperoxidase (donor:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7). Substrates protected against inactivation. The presence of 10 mM Mn2+ and 1 mM UDPgalactose gave partial protection which was enhanced by the addition of 10 mM N acetylglucosamine, but not by glucose. These results are consistent with a conformational change upon binding of UDPgalactose. Only monoiodotyrosine and diiodotyrosine were identified in the pronase digest of iodinated galactosyltransferase. Galactosyltransferase was also inactivated with N acetylimidazole and partial activity was restored by treating acetylated galactosyltransferase with hydroxylamine. These results suggest that tyrosine(s) is essential for galactosyltransferase activity. PMID- 6783078 TI - Asparaginase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae: inactivation during the transition to stationary phase. AB - Asparaginase II (L-asparagine amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.1) activity of cells from stationary phase cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is very low. When these cells are inoculated into minimal medium, asparaginase II specific activity rises rapidly and reaches a maximum after 9-10 h. During the next 2.5-3 h, a rapid decrease in asparaginase II specific activity occurs. The enzyme does not appear to be secreted into the medium or to be reabsorbed into the cell. Addition of protease inhibitors at the time of maximum activity partially or totally prevents the loss of asparaginase II. L-1-Tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone decreases the rate of loss. The sulfhydryl reagents p-hydroxymercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide inhibit the loss of asparaginase II. However, addition of EDTA causes a further increase in activity. This increase is due to de novo protein synthesis. The effect of EDTA can be reversed by the addition of Zn2+. The most likely explanation for the rapid loss of asparaginase II is proteolytic degradation by a Zn2+-dependent, thiol protease or peptidase. PMID- 6783079 TI - Inhibition of Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase D by beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Penicillins and cephalosporins inhibit the hydrolysis of D-alanyl-beta naphthylamide by aminopeptidase D (EC 3.4.11.-) from Bacillus subtilis. The inhibition is predominantly non-competitive, although the more effective inhibitors, i.e., those with the lower Ki values, seem to exhibit a tendency toward competitive kinetics, while penicillin V, the antibiotic with the largest Ki, exhibits a strong tendency toward uncompetitive kinetics. The removal of antibiotic from the enzyme by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 restores 100% activity to the enzyme, and suggests that the inhibition does not derive from a covalent antibiotic-enzyme complex. The antibiotics which have been studied, with their respective Ki values (mM) and inhibition type are: methicillin (1.01 +/- 0.34, mixed non-competitive-competitive); cephaloridine (2.43 +/- 0.17, non competitive); cloxacillin (3.19 +/- 1.29, mixed non-competitive-competitive); oxacillin (6.88 +/- 0.77, non-competitive); cephalothin (8.12 +/- 0.99, non competitive); penicillin G (20.0 +/- 3.21, non-competitive) and penicillin V (32.1 +/- 4.90, mixed non-competitive-uncompetitive). An empirical correlation exists between the Ki value and the freedom of rotation about the bond between the phenyl ring and the atom alpha to the ring in the variable side chain portion of the penicillin molecule. PMID- 6783080 TI - Structural characterization of the cyanophycin granule polypeptide of Anabaena cylindrica by circular dichroism and Raman spectroscopy. AB - The cyanophycin granule polypeptide, or multi-L-arginyl-poly(L-aspartic acid), from the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica has been examined by circular dichroism and laser Raman spectroscopy. The polypeptide exhibits defined secondary structure in acidic solution, but not in alkaline medium. Raman spectra show the structure of the insoluble (storage?) form of the polypeptide is similar but not identical to that of the acid soluble form. Analysis of the CD spectra suggests that beta-sheets exist in the acid soluble form, and by inference, in the insoluble cellular material. PMID- 6783081 TI - Isolation and structure of a tryptic glycopeptide from the active site of beta glucosidase A3 from Aspergillus wentii. AB - A radioactive glycopeptide with a molecular weight of 13 200 was isolated from beta-glucosidase A3 after labeling the active site with [3H]conduritol B epoxide and cleavage with trypsin. The glycopeptide consists of 63 amino acids and 29 +/- 1 sugar residues. Its amino acid sequence was derived from the results of sequence analysis of peptic and cyanogen bromide peptides. The radioactive inhibitor is bound to aspartic acid 12 of the sequence, the sugar residues are probably bound as N-glycosides to asparagine 48 and asparagine 56, since O glycosidic linkages have been ruled out. PMID- 6783083 TI - Conversion of positive to negative chemotaxis by Ca2+ ionophore treatment in plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum. AB - The plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum was treated with Ca2+ ionophores A23187 or X-537A, and the effects on the chemotactic and contractile activities were studied by applying a double-chamber method and an optical method. (1) At low Ca2+ concentration, attractants (glucose, L-alanine) KH2PO4) remained as attractants and induced a relaxation in the plasmodial strand. Increase in the external Ca2+ level caused a contraction of plasmodium with the same stimuli, and hence converted the attractants to repellents. (2) This phenomenon was specific to Ca2+; Mg2+, Sr2+ or Ba2+ showed no appreciable effects. (3) Repellents (sucrose, KCl, Quinine) induced a contraction, which was not altered by the Ca2+ ionophore treatment. (4) Efflux of Ca2+, which was measured by chemiluminescence of aequorin, increased on glucose reception in the presence of ionophore. PMID- 6783082 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization and the synthesis of rat intestinal glycoproteins following the induction of rapid synchronous vitamin A deficiency. AB - Glycoproteins and proteins were extracted from segments or scrapings of the intestine in tube-fed, vitamin-A-deficient and control rats on the eight day after withdrawal of retinoic acid from the diet by using either 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or aqueous 5 mM EDTA (pH 7.4). They were then fractionated on columns of Sepharose 4B. Water-soluble peak I material contained large (Mr greater than 10(6); S20 = 11.7) glycoprotein aggregates which were rich in hexose, fucose and sialic acid. These aggregates dissociated into several non identical glycoprotein and protein subunits upon treatment with dithiothreitol. The protein matrix was rich in threonine, valine, proline, serine, glutamate and aspartate. Peak II consisted of smaller proteins and glycoproteins, the latter with much lower carbohydrate content. Some peak II glycoproteins also dissociated into subunits in the presence of dithiothreitol. Peak III consisted mainly of a heterogeneous assortment of proteins, including some glycoproteins of low carbohydrate content. Antibodies either to peak Ii or to peak III reacted both with peaks II and III but not with peak I. The total weight, carbohydrate composition of glycoproteins and the ratio of carbohydrate to protein in the total extract or in each of the three fractions were not significantly affected in vitamin A deficiency despite decreased incorporation of all labeled precursors. Rather, the relatively lower incorporation (approx. 0.8) of radioactive sulfate, D-glucosamine and L-fucose into total SDS-soluble duodenal glycoproteins of vitamin-A-deficient rats could be explained on the basis of a reduced prevalence of goblet cells alone. In contrast, the relative incorporation rate of L-fucose into peak I, but not into peaks II and III, ranged from 0.25 to 0.45, less than expected on the basis of fewer goblet cells alone. The incorporation of radioactive threonine into all protein fractions was reduced to 60% of normal in vitamin A deficiency. Thus, the well established observation that intestinal tissue of vitamin-A-deficient rats synthesizes high molecular weight glycoproteins poorly might be due to several interacting factors: (1) a reduced prevalence of goblet cells, (2) a lower rate of protein synthesis, (3) a lack of retinyl phosphate for the conformation of mannosyl or other carbohydrate derivatives, and (4) secondary, and as yet undefined, cellular changes which preferentially reduce the rate of synthesis of high molecular weight fucose- and sialic-acid-enriched glycoproteins. PMID- 6783084 TI - A 31P-NMR study of mono- and dimagnesium complexes of adenosine 5'-triphosphate and model systems. AB - 31P-NMR chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times of ATP (adenosine 5' triphosphate), ribose 5'-triphosphate and tripolyphosphate show closely similar behaviour in aqueous solution at pH 7.5 on titration with Mg2+. The results are interpreted in terms of formation of 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 (dimagnesium) complexes with Mg2+ bound exclusively to the triphosphate chain. Stability constants for these complexes are reported. It is suggested that the predominant form of the 1 : 1 complexes has Mg2+ bound in tridentate manner (via non-bridging oxygen) to the alpha, beta and gamma phosphorus atoms; whilst that of the 2 : 1 complexes has each Mg2+ bound in bidentate manner, one to the alpha and beta, and the other to the beta and gamma, phosphorus positions. PMID- 6783085 TI - Role of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in neutrophil hexose transport. AB - The influence of extracellular Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the transport of 2-deoxy [3H]glucose into human polymorphonuclear neutrophils was studied. Omission of these cations from the cell suspensions had little effect on resting hexose uptake. Furthermore, the addition of the bivalent cation chelator, EDTA, depressed uptake only slightly. Similarly, neither cation was essential for the enhanced 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake stimulated by two chemotactic factors (C5a and N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine) and arachidonic acid: enhanced uptake was only partially depressed by the omission of Ca2+ and Mg2+ from the suspensions and was still prominent in the presence of EDTA. Two other neutrophil stimulants, the ionophores, A23187 and ionomycin, also enhanced hexose uptake but their actions were heavily dependent upon extracellular bivalent cations and were totally abrogated by EDTA. In all instances, extracellular Ca2+, but not Mg2+, supported optimal enhanced hexose transport induced by stimuli. Activation of 2 deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake by each of the five stimuli was totally blocked by cytochalasin B (a blocker of carrier-mediated hexose transport) and D-glucose but not by L-glucose. The data indicate, therefore, that a variety of neutrophil stimulants activate carrier-mediated hexose transport. Although this transport can be triggered by the movement of extracellular Ca2+ into the cell (as exemplified by the action of the two ionophores), such Ca2+ movement is not required for the actions of chemotactic factors or arachidonic acid. Other mechanisms, such as a rearrangement of intracellular Ca2+, may be involved in mediating the activation of hexose transport induced by the latter stimuli. PMID- 6783086 TI - Internal and external membrane proteins of the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus cedrorum. AB - The protein composition and architecture of the photosynthetic membranes from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus cedrorum, were analyzed with the aid of site specific labels. Using membranes labeled with 35S, about 50 membrane proteins can be detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Approximately half of the proteins are accessible to modification by the impermeant probe, lactoperoxidase, indicating that they have surface-exposed domains. At least six of these external proteins can be removed by EDTA washing; the correspondence in molecular weights between five of these EDTA-extractable proteins and those of typical chloroplast coupling factor preparations may indicate that they are subunits of a membrane-bound ATPase. The photoactive, lipophilic compound, [125I]iodonaphthyl azide, was used to label protein domains in contact with the lipid bilayer. Iodonaphthyl azide modification led to a labelling pattern significantly different from that seen with lactoperoxidase. In particular, proteins in the 13000--20000 dalton range that were labeled poorly or not at all by lactoperoxidase were heavily modified by iodonaphthyl azide. Photosystem I and II particles, extracted from the membrane by digitonin treatment, were iodinated by lactoperoxidase after isolation. The PS I particles acted as a relatively tight complex, with most of the proteins remaining inaccessible to surface modification. The PS II particles, on the other hand, responded as a more open structure, with most of the subunits yielding to lactoperoxidase iodination. Similar studies on a highly fluorescent, temperature sensitive mutant of S. cedrorum revealed a different organization of the PS II complex. This mutant, when grown at 40 degrees C, inserts a 51 kdalton polypeptide in place of a 53 kdalton protein. This protein also replaces the 53 kdalton species in the PS II complex of the mutant after 40 degrees C growth. The structure of this complex is altered in that more sites become accessible to lactoperoxidase. This is particularly true of the 51 kdalton protein, which is barely labeled by wild-type PS II complexes. PMID- 6783087 TI - Lysine-derived cross-links in the egg shell membrane. AB - Egg shell membrane protein contains significant quantities of the lysine-derived aldehyde, allysine, and its aldol condensation product. NaB3H4 reduction followed by alkaline hydrolysis of purified protein revealed that there were six residues/1000 of both allysine and the reduced aldol while only traces of desmosine and isodesmosine were detected. The amino acid composition of the membrane protein did not resemble that of mammalian elastin. PMID- 6783088 TI - The amino acid conjugate formed by the interaction of the anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) with band 3 protein from human red blood cell membranes. AB - The specific anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2' stilbenedisulfonic acid (DIDS) and its reduced analog (H2DIDS), when irreversibly bound to band 3 protein of the red blood cell membrane, form amino acid conjugates through interaction with the epsilon-amino group of a particular lysine residue. The specific residue is located in a transmembrane segment of band 3 protein and appears to be a close neighbor of the transport site. PMID- 6783089 TI - Interaction of phenylisothiocyanate with human erythrocyte band 3 protein. II. Topology of phenylisothiocyanate binding sites and influence of p sulfophenylisothiocyanate on phenylisothiocyanate modification. AB - The two structurally related probes, the apolar phenylisothiocyanate and the polar, water-soluble p-sulfophenylisothiocyanate, were analysed for their topological interaction with human erythrocyte band 3 protein. Upon thermolytic and peptic digestion of labeled erythrocyte ghosts, the membrane-integrated segments of band 3 protein, the 17,000 and 10,000 dalton peptides, were isolated. At 2 mM initial label concentration, 90% of the hydrophobic probe phenylisothiocyanate was recovered in the 10,000 dalton peptide, the remaining amount of label being associated with the 17,000 dalton fragment. Pretreatment of the membranes with 5 mM p-sulfophenylisothiocyanate followed by labeling with 2 mM phenylisothiocyanate results in a consistent reduction in binding of phenylisothiocyanate by 1 mol/mol isolated band 3 protein. p Sulfophenylisothiocyanate reportedly binds to the 17,000 dalton fragment (Drickamer, K. (1977), J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6909-6917). The interaction of the polar probe with the membrane protein affects binding of phenylisothiocyanate to the 10,000 dalton peptide by the equivalent of 1 mol/mol isolated peptide. The topological interrelation of the membrane-integrated segments is concluded. PMID- 6783090 TI - Subcellular localization of aldosterone-induced proteins in toad urinary bladders. AB - Paired toad urinary hemibladders were incubated with [35S]methionine in the presence (experimental) or absence (control) of aldosterone. Short-circuit current was used to monitor aldosterone-induced Na+ transport. Protein synthesis in epithelial cell subcellular fractions (cytosolic, microsomal, mitochondrial) was evaluated by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Aldosterone-induced proteins were identified in the cytosolic and microsomal fractions (70 000 and 15 000 daltons, respectively). These results represent the first demonstration of aldosterone-induced proteins in subcellular fractions of epithelial cells derived from single toad urinary hemibladders. PMID- 6783091 TI - An argument for the existence of a natural complex between protein L5 and 5 S RNA in rat liver 60-S ribosomal subunits. AB - Electrophoresis of the 60-S ribosomal subunits from rat liver in the presence of citrate ions removes the 7 S ribonucleoprotein complex between protein L5 and 5 S RNA though this complex is not released by dialysis or by centrifugation through a sucrose cushion in the same buffer. Using acetate instead of citrate, the subunits remain intact in all cases. On the other hand, in the presence of EDTA, the complex is always released. The poly(U) directed polyphenylalanine synthesis is correlated in each case with the presence of this complex within the subunits. The melting curves of subunits which have been treated with citrate, acetate or EDTA and then taken back in the buffer in which they were stored suggest that the specific RNA-protein interactions are preserved in the presence of acetate and of citrate but not of EDTA. As a whole, the results support the interpretation that the association of protein L5 and 5 S RNA exists within the active subunits. PMID- 6783092 TI - Nucleoside changes in tRNAs from Bacillus subtilus treated with 5-fluorouracil. AB - Extensive amounts of 5-fluorouridine and lower levels of 5-fluorocytidine are incorporated into tRNAs from Bacillus subtilus grown in the presence of 5 fluorouracil. Nucleoside analyses revealed both pseudouridine and 5-methyl uridine levels to be reduced more extensively at low levels of analog incorporation than could be accounted for by a stoichiometric replacement, as observed earlier with Escherichia coli. PMID- 6783093 TI - Purification and properties of DNA polymerase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. AB - DNA polymerase has been purified approximately 2000-fold from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The purified preparation was homogeneous by electrophoretic criteria and has a molecular weight of 135 000. The purified enzyme resembles Escherichia coli polymerase I in its properties, being insensitive to sulfhydryl drugs and possessing 5',3'-exonuclease activity in addition to polymerase and 3',5'-exonuclease activities. However, it differs from the latter in its sensitivity to higher salt concentration and DNA intercalating agents such as 8 aminoquinoline. The polymerase exhibited maximal activity between 37--42 degrees C and pH 8.8--9.5. The polymerase was stable for several months below 0 degree C. However, the 5',3'-exonuclease activity was more labile. The effects of different metal ions, polyamines and drugs on the polymerase activity are presented. PMID- 6783094 TI - Comparison of dipeptidyl peptidase IV prepared from pig liver and kidney. AB - Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (dipeptidylpeptide hydrolase, EC 3.4.14.-) has been purified from the microsomal fraction of pig liver, using an immunoaffinity chromatography, and its properties compared with those of the enzyme purified from pig kidney. The amino acid compositions of both enzymes were similar. The same kinds of carbohydrates were found in both enzymes, but there were differences in the molar concentrations of individual sugars. The liver enzyme had greater concentrations of mannose, fucose and sialic acid than the kidney enzyme, while the concentrations of galactose and glucosamine were greater in the kidney enzyme. The carbohydrates accounted for approx. 18.3 and 22.7% of the weight of the kidney and liver enzymes, respectively. The pH optima, molecular weights, substrate specificities and Km values of the two enzymes and the effects of diisopropylfluorophosphate on their activities were nearly identical. The liver enzyme was heat- and pH-sensitive, but not attacked by proteinases. PMID- 6783095 TI - Specificity and stability of the chymotrypsin inhibitor from winged bean seed (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L) Dc). AB - The specificity of the winged bean chymotrypsin inhibitor is restricted to the chymotrypsins (EC 3.4.21.1 and EC 3.4.21.2). Trypsins (EC 3.4.21.4), elastase (EC 3.4.21.11), subtilisins (EC 3.4.21.14), proteinase K (EC 3.4.21.14) and Pronase (EC 3.4.24.4) are not inhibited. The inhibitor reacts with two molecules of chymotrypsin to form a stable complex (Mr approx. 70 0000) which was isolated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. When mixed with substrate, the interaction of the inhibitor with alpha-chymotrypsin is characterized by substrate-induced dissociation of the complex. In contrast, the interaction with chymotrypsin B is quantitative with no substrate-induced dissociation. The inhibitor reacts with alpha-chymotrypsin to form a 1 : 2 molar complex at all ratios of [I]/[E]; however, the interaction with chymotrypsin B is characterized by the formation of initially of a 1 : 1 molar complex at [I] greater than [E] followed by the formation of the 1 : 2 molar complex at [I] less than 2[E]; an intermediate species of Mr approx. 48 000 was demonstrated by gel filtration on Sephadex G 100. The inhibitor is stable over the pH range 2.0-11.5 and to heating up to 70 degrees C at pH 4.1 and 8.0, and up to 90 degrees C at pH 3.0. The inhibitor resists denaturation in 8.0 M urea at pH 8.0 and 4.0, is stable in 0.12 M beta mercaptoethanol at pH 8.0; however, reduction in 8.0 M urea results in a loss of inhibitory activity. The inhibitor resists digestion with pepsin at pH 2.0, being only slowly degraded over a period of 7 days with an equimolar amount of pepsin. PMID- 6783096 TI - The enzymatic digestion of elastin at acidic pH. AB - The enzymatic degradation of insoluble elastin has been studied at several pH values using purified pepsin and cathepsin D, and neutrophil extracts. Pepsin degraded elastin throughout the pH range of 1.2-4.0 with the optimum pH below 2.0. Molecular sieve chromatography and gel electrophoresis indicated that a spectrum of molecular weight degradation products was produced. The degradation by pepsin was inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), NaCl and pepstatin. Cathepsin D, which, like pepsin, degrades hemoglobin at acid pH and is inhibited by pepstatin, had no activity against insoluble elastin in the pH range of 3.2 7.2. Extracts of neutrophils degraded elastin above pH 4.0. The pH profile of elastin degradation by neutrophil extracts generally followed that of purified human leukocyte elastase. Our results suggest that during alimentation or pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents, extracellular elastin may be digested by gastric juice at acid pH. Inflammatory cells would not appear to be capable of contributing to such actions until local pH approaches neutrality. Cathepsin D, a major constituent of inflammatory cells, does not digest all types of connective tissue proteins. PMID- 6783097 TI - Biogenic aldehyde metabolism in rat brain. Differential sensitivity of aldehyde reductase isoenzymes to sodium valproate. AB - The effects of inhibitors of aldehyde reductase (alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.2) on the formation of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenethylene glycol from normetanephrine have been studied in rat brain homogenates. The reaction pathway was shown to be unaffected by several inhibitors of the major (high Km) form of aldehyde reductase such as sodium valproate. Two isoenzymes of aldehyde reductase have been separated and characterized from rat brain. The minor (low Km) isoenzyme is shown to be relatively insensitive to sodium valproate and exhibits a similar inhibitor-sensitivity profile to that obtained for methoxyhydroxyphenethylene glycol formation. The low Km isoenzyme is therefore implicated in catecholamine metabolism. The metabolism of succinic semialdehyde and xylose by rat brain cytosol has also been examined. Aldose metabolism may also be attributed to the action of the low Km reductase, but the existence of a separate succinic semialdehyde reductase is postulated. The possible roles of aldehyde reductases in brain metabolism and the relationship between these enzymes and aldose reductase (alditol:NADP+ 1-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.21) are discussed. PMID- 6783098 TI - Role of sugar hydroxyl groups in glycoside hydrolysis. Cleavage mechanism of deoxyglucosides and related substrates by beta-glucosidase A3 from Aspergillus wentii. AB - The contribution of the hydroxyl groups at C-2 and C-4 and of the hydroxy-methyl group at C-5 of beta-glucopyranosides to their hydrolysis by beta-glucosidase A3 (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) from Aspergillus wentii was investigated with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-glucosides with appropriate structural modifications. Relative hydrolysis rates expressed by kcat/kcat (glucoside) are: 2-deoxy, 4. 10(-6); 2-deoxy-2-amino, 2.4 . 10(-4); 2-deoxy-2 ammonio, less than 1 . 10(-6); 4-deoxy, 1.8 . 10(-4); xyloside, 6.3 . 10(4); galactoside, less than 1 . 10(-6). Binding to the active site as measured by the Km value of these substrates or by the Ki value of the appropriate inhibitors is only moderately decreased by the above modifications. A temperature study with the 2-deoxyglucoside showed that the decrease in kcat is not due to a change in delta H but to a more negative delta S. The steady-state hydrolysis of the 2 deoxyglucoside is approached with a "burst" (rate constant 0.13 min-1) at pH 6 and 1 mM substrate; deglycosylation of the enzyme is partially rate-limiting. Rate constants for glycosylation and deglycosylation calculated from pre-steady state kinetics were in good agreement with the constants calculated from experiments where the 2-deoxyglucoside was used as an inhibitor for the hydrolysis of the glucoside and where a slow approach to the steady state of the inhibited reaction is observed. PMID- 6783099 TI - A soluble alkaline phosphatase from Bacillus licheniformis MC14. Histochemical localization, purification, characterization and comparison with the membrane associated alkaline phosphatase. AB - Growth conditions affect the quantity and distribution of alkaline phosphatase (orthophosphoric-monoester phosphohydrolase (alkaline optimum), EC 3.1.3.1) in Bacillus licheniformis MC14. The soluble alkaline phosphatase, which has been found in biochemical localization studies between the cell wall and cell membrane (Glynn, J.A., Schaffel, S.D., McNicholas, J.M. and Hulett, F.M. (1977) J. Bacteriol. 129, 1010-1019), was localized via electron microscope histochemistry in cells cultured under conditions which result in increased quantities of this activity. This soluble alkaline phosphatase was stabilized with 20% glycerol and purified to homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme is soluble in dilute buffer. This soluble alkaline phosphatase has been characterized and compared to the membrane-associated alkaline phosphatase from this organism. PMID- 6783100 TI - Molecular heterogeneity of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. AB - The enzyme ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.18.1.2) from whole filaments of Anabaena cylindrica can be separated into four major fractions by chromatography on phosphocellulose; chromatography using ferredoxin-Sepharose 4B proved to be less satisfactory in separating the fractions. The purified fractions, designated 1, 2, 3 and 4, all showed diaphorase and ferredoxin-dependent cytochrome c reductase activity. The major fractions present were 2 and 3 which were each obtained in an electrophoretically homogeneous state (forms 2 and 3) and represented 30-37% and 30-42%, respectively, of the total enzyme activity. Each was a monomeric species with a molecular weight of approx. 33 000 as determined by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evidence for the presence of a 70 000 molecular weight dimer was also obtained. Forms 2 and 3 had isoelectric points of 5.75 and 6.0, respectively, had similar kinetic properties and were flavoproteins. Extracts of isolated heterocysts showed no form 2 or 3 activity but contained a single form which closely resembled one of the species present in fraction 4; fraction 1 may have been a purification artifact because it was not detected in crude extracts of the cyanobacterium. PMID- 6783101 TI - The inactivation of thymidylate synthase by diethyl pyrocarbonate. AB - Thymidylate synthase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate: dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) from Lactobacillus casei was inactivated by treatment with diethyl pyrocarbonate. The inactivation was apparently due to the modification of a large proportion of the enzyme's histidine residues. Neither the substrate dUMP nor the product dTMP prevented inactivation by diethyl pyrocarbonate. The inactivated enzyme was not reactivated by treatment with hydroxylamine. These results indicate that histidine residues are involved in the maintenance of enzyme structure. PMID- 6783103 TI - Steady-state and pre-steady-state kinetics of the trypsin-catalysed hydrolysis of alpha-CBZ-L-lysine-p-nitrophenyl ester. AB - The catalytic properties of bovine tyrpsin (EC 3.4.21.4) have been investigated using a synthetic chromogenic substrate: alpha-CBZ-L-lysine-p-nitrophenyl ester (ZLNPE). The use of ZLNPE allows the determination of trypsin down to a concentration of 2 . 10(-9) M. Steady-state and pre-steady-state data have been in the framework of the minimum three-step mechanism: (Formula: see text). The pH dependence of the kinetic parameters shows that at acid pH values (congruent to 2.6) the k+3 step is rate limiting in catalysis, whereas for pH values higher than 4.8 k+2 becomes rate limiting. This change in rate-limiting step with pH illustrates the danger in the assumption that kcat vs. pH profiles for protease action on substrates with good leaving groups are equivalent to k+3 vs. pH profiles. PMID- 6783102 TI - Neutral proteinases from articular chondrocytes in culture. 2. Metal-dependent latent neutral proteoglycanase, and inhibitory activity. AB - Monolayer and spinner cultured rabbit articular chondrocytes released into the medium latent metal-dependent enzyme with activity against bovine proteoglycan. Pretreatment of medium with p-aminophenylmercuric acetate or trypsin followed by soybean trypsin inhibitor significantly increased enzyme activity. The monolayer cultured chondrocytes released more of this activity than spinner cultures. The neutral proteoglycanase activity increased with medium concentration and incubation time. Like the human cartilage proteoglycanase, its pH optimum on proteoglycan subunit was 7.25. Gel filtration on BioGel P-30 indicated that the proteoglycanase occurred in two molecular weight forms: 20 000--30 000 and 13 000. The latent enzyme was about 30 000--40 000. The metal-chelators, o phenanthroline (5 mM) and EDTA (10 mM) inhibited the activated proteoglycanase almost completely, but trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors had little effect. The cultured chondrocytes also released into the media a heat-labile inhibitor against the proteoglycanase. The inhibitory activity was present in the nonactivated media and eluted on Sephadex G-100 chiefly at a position corresponding to molecular weights of 10 000--13 000. PMID- 6783104 TI - Studies on proteinases from the digestive organs of sardine. I. Purification and characterization of three alkaline proteinases from the pyloric caeca. AB - Three alkaline proteinases designated I, II and III are found in the pyloric caeca of sardine and isolated by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The final preparations were judged homogeneous by multiple criteria. The molecular weights of the enzymes I, II and III were determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method to be 22 900, 28 700 and 27 000, respectively. The isoelectric points were 5.45, 5.30 and 4.85, and the sedimentation coefficients (S0 20, w) were 2.91, 3.06 and 2.94, respectively. Enzymes II and III had similar amino acid compositions which were different from that of enzyme I, especially in the content of lysine, valine and tyrosine. All the enzymes belonged to a group of serine proteases. Enzymes II and III were found to be an anionic alpha-chymotrypsin-like enzymme and an anionic trypsin-like enzyme, respectively. Although these fish enzymes had properties in common with those of bovine pancreatic cationic trypsin and chymotrypsin, they are distinctly different in their optimum pH, pH stability, net charge and immunological properties. PMID- 6783105 TI - Studies on proteinases from the digestive organs of sardine. II. Purification and characterization of two acid proteinases from the stomach. AB - Two fish acid proteinases designated acid proteinase I and II were found and isolated by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, CM-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. The final preparations were judged nearly homogeneous by multiple criteria. The molecular criteria. The molecular weights of the enzymes I and II were determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method to be 37 000 and 33 400, respectively. The sedimentation coefficients (S0 20, w) were 3.06 and 3.09, respectively. Enzymes I and II contained similar amino acid composition except for the contents of histidine, arginine, threonine, serine and proline. Enzymes I and II differed from each other in optimal pH and stability at pH 7. Each enzyme could scarcely hydrolyze a synthetic pepsin substrate, N-acetyl L-phenylalanyl-3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (APDT). Both of the enzymes were inhibited by acid proteinase specific reagents: pepstatin, diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN), 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy) propane (EPNP) and p-bromophenacyl bromide. These results indicate fish enzymes are similar to mammalian pepsin and microbial acid proteinases in their active site structure having two different carboxyl groups, although they differ in regard to a number of molecular and enzymatic properties. PMID- 6783106 TI - Metabolism of odd-numbered, normal fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis W cells were grown with short- and long-chain, odd and even normal fatty acid supplements. Tris acetate addition had no effect on the fatty acyl composition of the glycerophospholipids or sphingolipids, while Tris propionate supplementation led to a marked increase in odd normal fatty acids at the expense of even normal acids in both classes of complex lipids. This enhancement of odd normal acids permitted the identification of 17:1 delta 9(n), 17:2 delta 6,9(n), 17:2 delta 9,12(n), 17:3 delta 6,9,12(n), 19:1 delta 9(n), 19:2 delta 9,12(n) and 19:3 delta 6,9,12(n) by oxidation with periodate permanganate and examination of the short-chain fragments. Supplementation with pentadecanoic acid (15:0(n)) led to an increase in the proportions of normal C15, C17 and C19 acids. The increase in C15 acids primarily reflected a rise in 15:0(n), whereas the rise in the levels of C17 and C19 acids was accounted for by an elevation of unsaturated acids. Growth with heptadecanoic acid (17:0(n)) resulted in substantial increases in unsaturated normal C17 and C19 fatty acids, while nonadecanoic acid (19:0(n)) addition led only to an increase in the proportion of unsaturated C19 acids. Retroconversion of these saturated, odd normal long chain fatty acid supplements was limited. Supplementation with arachidic acid (20:0(n)) resulted in only a marginal increase (1.4%) in normal C20 fatty acids of both the glycerophospholipids and the mild alkali labile neutral lipids and provided no evidence that desaturation occurred. The release of 14CO2 from [1-14C]arachidic acid when incubated with the ciliates indicated that this long-chain saturate is accumulated, activated and degraded. Normal C16 C19 saturated fatty acids are substrates for the delta 9 desaturase. The delta 11 isomers arise by chain elongation. Normal C16-C19 delta 9 monoenoic acids are substrates for the delta 12 desaturase. Normal C16-C18 delta 9 monoenes, normal C16-C19 delta 9,12 dienes and 18:1 delta 11(n) are desaturated at the C-6,7 position. PMID- 6783107 TI - Metabolism of branched-chain fatty acids in Tetrahymena pyriformis W. PMID- 6783108 TI - Double dioxygenation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1. Kinetics and regio-stereo specificities of the reaction steps. AB - The kinetic parameters of the first and second oxygenation of arachidonic acid by soybean lipoxygenase-1 were determined and found to be for the first step at pH 10.0, Km (arachidonic acid) = 8.5 +/- 0.5 microM; kcat = 225 +/- 7 s-1 and for the second step at pH 8.7 Km (15-HPETE) = 440 +/- microM; kcat = 25 +/- 1 s-1. In the second oxygenation for which 15-Ls-hydroperoxy 5-cis, 8-cis, 11-cis 13-trans eicosatetraenoic acid is a substrate, two isomeric dihydroperoxy fatty acids are formed. After separation of the corresponding dihydroxy esters by high performance liquid chromatography, they were identified by mass-spectrometry, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as 8-DS, 15-LS-dihydroperoxy 5-cis, 9-trans, 11-cis, 13 trans-eicosatetraenoic acid and 5-DS, 15-LS-dihydroperoxy 6-trans, 8-cis, 11-cis, 13-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid. Independent evidence for the absolute configurations was obtained by capillary gas-liquid chromatography of diastereomeric R-(-)-2-butyl esters of the acetylated 2-hydroxy carboxylic acids produced by oxidative ozonolysis of the acetylated dihydroxy fatty acids. It is concluded that soybean lipoxygenase-1 produces hydroperoxides with predominantly the S-configuration irrespective of the position in the fatty acid which is oxygenated. PMID- 6783109 TI - Determination of apolipoprotein A-I by kinetic nephelometry. AB - Apolipoprotein A-I concentration in human serum was determined by kinetic nephelometry. Under optimal reaction conditions and within the normal physiological range the relation between apolipoprotein A-I concentration and measured rate units it approximately linear. The detection limit of the assay lies at 2 micrograms/ml. The coefficient of variation within one series is 1.44%. The correlation coefficient with alpha-cholesterol, as determined by agarose electrophoresis followed by polyanion precipitation, is better than 0.94. Addition of detergent to serum dilutions increases the reaction rate, suggesting that delipidation changes the antigenic expression of apolipoprotein A-I. The magnitude of this change is constant in normal controls, but not in special pathological cases. The described technique can be recommended for routine use in clinical chemistry for measurement of apolipoprotein A-I. PMID- 6783111 TI - A novel preparation of human platelet lipoxygenase. Characteristics and inhibition by a variety of phenyl hydrazones and comparisons with other lipoxygenases. AB - Acetone-pentane powder preparations of human blood platelets were prepared and the characteristics of the 12L-lipoxygenase were studied using measurements of oxygen consumption. No sharp pH optimum with equal reaction velocities was observed over a range of pH 7.5-8.5 in a variety of buffers. The enzyme could be easily solubilized in 1% deoxycholate, and in this form was moderately stable to heat. Of 10 divalent cations tested at a concentration of 3.7 . 10(-3) M, only zinc and tin were inhibitory. None of he other ions was stimulatory. The products of the oxidation of arachidonate were characterized from both soluble and insoluble enzyme preparations. With the insoluble suspension, 55% of the added arachidonate was recovered as 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12 HETE) and 27% appeared as trihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid isomers (THETEs). With the soluble preparation, 84% of the arachidonate appeared as 12-HETE and only 5% as THETEs. The Michaelis constants for dihomo-gamma-linolenic aicd, arachidonic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid substrates are presented. A series of phenyl hydrazone inhibitors of various structural types were discovered to be potent inhibitors of the human platelet lipoxygenase. The sensitivities of this enzyme to these inhibitors were compared to soybean lipoxygenase and sheep seminal vesicular cyclodioxygenase. In general, the soybean enzyme was most sensitive; the sheep seminal vesicular cyclodioxygenase was the least sensitive and the human platelet lipoxygenase was intermediate between the two. The Ki values for two phenyl hydrazone inhibitors with both soybean and human platelet lipoxygenases is presented. PMID- 6783110 TI - The separation of apolipoprotein D from cholesteryl ester transfer protein. AB - This study addresses the question of whether cholesteryl ester transfer protein and apolipoprotein D are identical. The data presented show that these two proteins do not co-purify during hydrophobic and cationic exchange chromatography and are readily separated by molecular sieve chromatography or electrophoresis. Furthermore, the precipitation of apolipoprotein D by specific antisera did not diminish the transfer activity of lipoprotein-deficient plasma. We conclude that apolipoprotein D and cholesteryl ester transfer protein have significantly different physicochemical properties. PMID- 6783112 TI - Polymerization of G-actin by hydrodynamic shear stresses. AB - In the absence of Ca2+ G-actin can be polymerized by the application of shear stress in low ionic strength buffer. When G-actin in low ionic strength buffer containing EGTA was sheared for predetermined times under different velocity gradients, viscosity attained a maximal value, comparable to that obtained by seeding with F-actin nuclei, at a velocity gradient of 3000 s-1 after about one hour. Such flow-polymerized actin was indistinguishable from KCl-polymerized actin. Under similar conditions, EDTA which can bind both Ca2+ and Mg2+, gave a smaller effect than the Ca2+-chelating agent EGTA which binds Mg2+ weakly. When an Mg2+ salt was added to EDTA- or EGTA-containing buffer to give a free Mg2+ concentration of a few micromoles/liter, flow-induced polymerization was significantly enhanced. It appears that occupancy of only a small fraction of the high affinity binding sites by Ca2+ prevents flow-polymerization while Mg2+ may enhance this type of polymerization by replacing Ca2+. We speculate that the shear stress induces polymerization by promoting nucleation and that Ca2+ bound to the high affinity divalent cation binding site inhibits formation of the nuclei. PMID- 6783113 TI - Effects of trace amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the polymerization of actin. AB - At low ionic strength, removal of trace amounts of Ca2+ enhanced the polymerization of actin, and that of Mg2+ inhibited it. The actions of the divalent metal ions did not influence the elongation process of preformed nuclei. Thus it appears that the metal ions affect the nucleation step of actin polymerization. PMID- 6783114 TI - The primary structure of fulvocin C from Myxococcus fulvus. AB - The primary structure of fulvocin C, a bacteriocin produced by Myxococcus fulvus strain Mx f16, has been determined. This new bactericidal protein is composed of 45 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 4672. It contains no lipids or carbohydrates, indicating that only the protein molecule is responsible for its biological activity. PMID- 6783115 TI - Isolation of two cholic acid-binding proteins from rat liver cytosol using affinity chromatography. AB - Using an affinity matrix coupled with cholic acid, two proteins that recognise bile acids were isolated from rat liver cytosol. One protein of molecular weight 68 000 was immunologically identical to rat albumin. The other protein was of molecular weight 46 000. On discontinuous sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis the 46 000 molecular weight protein dissociated to a single band with an RF value identical to the Yb subunit of the bromosulphophthalein binding fraction (Y-fraction) of whole liver cytosol. The monomers of purified ligandin under these conditions resolved into two bands which corresponded to the Ya and Yc subunits of liver cytosol Y-fraction. Anti-serum to the purified ligandin reacted monospecifically with purified ligandin and whole liver cytosol, but did not cross-react with the Yb dimer eluted from the affinity column. The Yb dimer was shown to possess glutathione-S-transferase activity with a substrate specificity distinct from ligandin but similar to glutathione-S-transferase C. Cholic acid inhibited the catalytic activity of the transferase. PMID- 6783116 TI - Physico-chemical properties of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. AB - Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin exhibits a dissociation at acid pH as shown by the drop of s20,w values from 3.52 S at pH 8.1 to 2.52 S at pH 2.0. The dissociation is accompanied by an absorbance change with a maximum at 287 nm and a parallel loss of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) activities as followed by radioreceptor assays. The apparent pKa of the acid transition is 3.45 with an extremely slow and temperature-dependent rate at pH 2.0 (1.8 . 10(-4) s-1 at 37 degrees C). By gel filtration the molecular weight of the active hormone is estimated to be 45 000 (rather than the previously reported 53 000-64 000). The active conformation of the hormone includes beta sheet structure (34%) as for other gonadotropin hormones with a minor but significative amount of alpha-helix. Four tyrosine residues were titrated, two of pKa = 10.3 and two of pKa = 11 out of a total of seven tyrosines. The parallel changes in FSH and LH activities during the preparation and the acid transition suggest that the two biological activities are intrinsic properties of the same molecular entity. PMID- 6783118 TI - Peptic peptide of thiolsubtilisin. Analytical evidence for the chemical transformation of the essential serine-221 to cysteine-221. AB - Direct evidence is offered to show that the active site Ser-221 of subtilisin is transformed into a cysteine residue in the chemical procedure previously elaborated for the preparation of thiolsubtilisin. Thiolsubtilisin was digested with pepsin and the hydrolyzate was applied to an agarose-mercurial column. After elution with 2-mercaptoethanol a single tetrapeptide was obtained. Dansyl-Edman degradation showed that the SH-peptide conformed to the amino acid sequence around the active site Ser-221 of subtilisin. A simple, single-step procedure for isolation of SH-peptides is also described. PMID- 6783117 TI - Localization and overall structure of a mannose-rich glycopeptide from a pathologic immunoglobulin. AB - The structure of a mannose-rich glycopeptide from a human pathological IgM has been investigated. It belongs to the group I (simple) glycopeptides and contains only mannose and N-acetylglucosamine residues in a molar ratio of 10:2. The structures of its oligosaccharide moiety and peptide chain have been determined: its molecular localization is specified and the relation between its biosynthesis and the oligosaccharide structure determine is discussed. Based on the alpha- and beta-mannosidase digestions and permethylation studies for the oligosaccharide moiety, and on the results obtained after sequential analysis of the peptide chain, the following structure is proposed for the mannose-rich IgM Du glycopeptide: (Formula: see text). The recovery of one molecule of this glycopeptide per molecule of heavy chain and the determination of the amino acid sequence have led us to locate this glycopeptide on asparagine 402 of the Fc portion of the heavy chain mu of IgM Du. PMID- 6783119 TI - Multiple molecular forms of endothelial cell factor VIII related antigen. AB - Heterogeneous factor VIII related antigen isolated from endothelial cell postculture medium was characterized. On crossed immunoelectrophoresis, slow moving less anodal populations of factor VIII related antigen molecules were more prominent in endothelial cell postculture medium than in plasma. The protein synthesized by endothelial cells appeared as two discrete protein bands of different molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. In contrast the factor VIII related antigen isolated from plasma moved as a single protein band in an identical gel system. The factor VIII related antigen from endothelial cell postculture medium was immunoisolated using monospecific rabbit antibody to normal human plasma factor VIII related antigen, electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels, radiolabeled with 125I, trypsinized and subjected to peptide mapping using two-dimensional high voltage electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography. The two forms of endothelial cell factor VIII antigen had virtually identical peptide maps. These studies suggest that the molecular heterogeneity of the factor VIII related antigen system reflects polymeric associations of identical subunits. Circulation in vivo may alter the ratio of polymer subsets. PMID- 6783120 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid deficiency on the in vivo synthesis of carnitine. AB - The effects of ascorbate deficiency on carnitine biosynthesis was investigated in young male guinea pigs. Liver and kidney carnitine levels were not affected by the deficiency, but scorbutic animals had 50% less carnitine in heart and skeletal muscle than control animals. Labeled carnitine precursors, 6-N-tri methyl-L-lysine and 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate, both of which require ascorbate for their enzymatic hydroxylation, were injected into the vena cava of control, pair-fed and scorbutic animals. The distribution of isotope in compounds present in the liver and kidney after 1 h was determined. The uptake of trimethyllysine by the liver was less than 2% in 1 h, while the kidney took up approx. 20% of the 14C. Control and pair-fed animals converted trimethyllysine to kidney trimethylaminobutyrate 8--10 times as well as did scorbutic animals. Trimethylaminobutyrate hydroxylase, present in the liver but almost absent from the kidney, converted nearly all of substrate taken up by the liver to carnitine in both the scorbutic and control animals. PMID- 6783121 TI - Distribution of conduritol B epoxide in the animal model for Gaucher's disease (Gaucher mouse). AB - The time course of the distribution of the beta-glucosidase inhibitor [3H]conduritol B epoxide was determined in various organs of mice, which had received a single interperitoneal dose of the inhibitor. The epoxide is rapidly distributed over all tissues except brain where its concentration is only one tenth of the average. This is considered an indication that the epoxide can pass the blood/brain barrier only with difficulty. A 4-fold enrichment is seen in the kidney. The inhibitor is excreted with a half-life of about 7 h; it is not metabolized. A parallel determination of beta-glucosidase activity in the tissues showed greater than 90% inhibition within 1 and 2 h and a beginning recovery between 4 and 12 h. The only exception was brain, where no effects could be seen after 1 h and where a subsequent decrease to 37% of normal was observed after 12 h. PMID- 6783122 TI - Acid glycohydrolase in Chinese hamster with spontaneous diabetes. VII. The lack of short-term glucose-effect in cultured kidney cells. AB - An epithelial cell line, designated CHK-ACE, was established from the kidney of a spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster from the highly inbred AC line. CHK-ACE was separated into two sublines, CHK-ACE-100 and CHK-ACE-400, by successive passages in 100 and 400 mg/dl glucose respectively. Extra- and intracellular activities of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-D-galactosidase were measured in these cultures after exposure to varying concentrations of glucose (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/dl) for one passage and 10% heated fetal calf serum for 6.5 h before enzyme measurements were taken; no apparent dependence on medium glucose concentration was found. In serum-free medium, the time-dependent release of both N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-D-galactosidase was sustained for up to 24 h; no significant difference in their activities was found between CHK-ACE-100 cultures grown in 100 and 400 mg/dl glucose for one passage. PMID- 6783123 TI - Studies of a synthetic substrate in canine globoid cell leukodystrophy. AB - Gal et al. ((1977) Clin. Chim. Acta 77, 53-59) reported the use of a new synthetic substrate, 2-hexadecanoylamino-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside for the diagnosis of human globoid cell leukodystrophy. Assay of beta galactosidase in brain homogenates from normal, carrier, and globoid cell leukodystrophy-affected dogs utilizing this new substrate demonstrated overlapping activities. Instead of reflecting specific D-galactosyl-N acylsphingosine galactohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.46), the 2-hexadecanoylamino-4 nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside beta-galactosidase activity in canine brain is highly correlated with nonspecific 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-galactosidase. Optimization of the 2-hexadecanoyl-amino-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside assay system for canine brain and the use of varying concentrations of taurocholate or taurodeoxycholate in the assay mixture did not alter the lack of specificity. These results indicate a significant difference in the nature of the underlying defect in galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase in canine globoid cell leukodystrophy compared to human globoid cell leukodystrophy. PMID- 6783124 TI - A method for the purification of bovine vitreous body hyaluronic acid. AB - Bovine vitreous body hyaluronic acid was treated with activated CH-Sepharose 4B after purification with cold 5% trichloroacetic acid. By this method a highly purified hyaluronic acid can be prepared. Contaminating serum proteins were completely removed. The remaining small amounts (0.3%) of the protein contaminants were found, by immunological methods, to be non-plasma proteins. PMID- 6783125 TI - [Physico-chemical properties of trophoblast-specific beta 1-globulin]. AB - It has been found that the trophoblast-specific beta 1-globulin [TSG) contains one site of binding to Con A and phytohemagglutinin. The interaction with phytohemagglutinin should be taken into consideration, when studying the immunosuppressive activity of the protein. Additional fractions of the protein with fast anodic electrophoretic mobility and lower molecular weights have been detected after treatment of the trophoblast-specific beta 1-globulin with diethylene triaminopentaacetate. This is indicative of a subunit structure of the glycoprotein molecules. PMID- 6783126 TI - [Mathematical description and study of the folic acid cycle reactions]. AB - A general description of the folic acid cycle and associate reactions of thymidilate, purines, methionine and serine biosyntheses is presented as a system of differential equations. The concrete models of this reaction complex as well as methotrexate transport into the leukemia L 1210 and Ehrlich ascite tumour cells and the dynamic inhibition of the target enzyme--dihydrofolate reductase- by methotrexate have been described and investigated. The adequacy of mathematical models to the experimental data has been demonstrated. PMID- 6783127 TI - [Estradiol-induced formation of the polyribosomal complex synthesizing ceruloplasmin in rats]. AB - The effects of estradiol on the oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (CP) in rat serum and on the relative content of nascent CP chains in rat liver polyribosomes were studied. Using radioimmunological methods, it was shown that a 2--3-fold increase of the oxidase activity of CP in the blood induced by estradiol is accompanied by an increase in the amount of nascent CP chains in the polyribosomes. On the 5th, 8th, 10th and 11th post-injection days the binding of specific anti-CP 125I-immunoglobulins to the polyribosomes is increased by 17, 28, 70 and 95%, respectively. The values of sedimentation coefficients for the CP synthesizing polyribosomes in the control and under estradiol induction are identical and make up to 425--430S. It is concluded that the increase of the oxidase activity of CP in the serum is due to stimulation of the de novo synthesis of CP rather than to the activation of the protein molecules. PMID- 6783128 TI - [Effect of progressive chemical modification on the activity and thermal stability of soluble and immobilized glucoamylase]. AB - The chemical modification of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger with acryloylchloride has been studied. It was shown that the first 60--70% of the total amount of available amino groups of the enzyme readily interact with the reagent: the activity and thermal stability of the resulting soluble acryloylglucoamylase are only slightly less than those of the native enzyme. The modification of the remaining 30% of the total amount of amino groups is less intensive and results in a sufficient loss of activity (6 times at 92% modification) and thermal stability (3,5 times at the same degree of modification) by the enzyme. The multipoint immobilization of glucoamylase by mutual covalent attachment of its acryloyl derivative to polyacrylamide gel also causes destabilization of the enzyme. The resulting increase of the number of the enzyme--support binding points leads to a progressive decrease of the enzyme thermal stability as compared to native glucoamylase despite a slight increase in stability (up to 1,5 times) as compared to soluble acryloylglucoamylase. It was shown that destabilization of glucoamylase at 65 degrees due to chemical modification is more pronounced than its negligible stabilization due to the multipoint fixation of glucoamylase on a high polymer support. PMID- 6783129 TI - [Interaction of histones with DNA in chromatin. A new method of covalent binding of histones to DNA available for their localization on DNA]. AB - A new method for covalent binding of histones to partially apurinized DNA was developed. Partial apurinization of DNA methylated within the composition of chromatin results in a formation of aldehyde groups interacting with the epsilon amino groups of chromatin proteins lysine residues. The resulting Schiff's bases covalently and reversibly bind the protein molecules to DNA. This covalent binding is accompanied by a specific one-chain cleavage of DNA at the cross linkage point in such a way that only the newly formed 5'-terminal fragment of DNA in bound to the protein. These cross-links can be stabilized via reduction of Schiff's bases by sodium borohydrate. Determination of the size of the bound DNA fragment allows to establish the localization of the cross-linkage point and the position of the protein molecule on DNA. The method of cross-linkage with a "zero length" allows to fix the immediate DNA--protein interactions and can be extensively used to study the protein--DNA interactions in cases when the epsilon amino groups of protein lysine residues interact with DNA. PMID- 6783130 TI - [Cyclic electron transfer and membrane potential generation in chromatophores on non-sulfur bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum]. AB - The uptake of permeant anions by cells and chromatophores of the non-sulfur purple bacteria R. rubrum has been studied. Antimycin A causes biphasic inhibition of the light-induced uptake of tetraphenylborate anions (TB-) by the cells and the isolated chromatophores incubated under anaerobic conditions. The first phase is observed at small concentrations of antimycin and is due to its effect as an inhibitor of the cyclic electron transfer. The second phase is observed at concentrations higher than 1 microM and is due to its effect as an uncoupler of photophosphorylation. The inhibitory effect of antimycin is greatly enhanced under aerobic conditions and is due to its effect as an uncoupler of photophosphorylation. The innic cyclic redox chain in the isolated and intracellular chromatophores is apparently operated in two regimens: 1) as a chain including all redox components and, 2) as a chain functioning without cytochromes of the b type. PMID- 6783131 TI - Uptake and release of energy substrates, oxygen, and carbon dioxide by the hindlimb of the fasting infant baboon. AB - Veno-arterial differences for energy substrates across hindlimb tissues were measured in baboon infants at birth and at 6 weeks. Hindlimb glucose uptake was 2.36 +/- 0.80 microM/min in the newly born baboons and 1.81 +/- 0.56 microM/min in the 6-week-old infants. The major precursor release by the infant baboon hindlimb was lactate, although release of alanine and glycerol was significant. These studies complement previous data suggesting that glycolysis is a major pathway for energy production in the infant primate. PMID- 6783132 TI - Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on the activities of fetal intestinal enzymes in rats. AB - The activities of maltase, lactase, alkaline phosphatase and enterokinase were followed in the small intestine of rats during prenatal development. These enzymes were detectable only after the 17th day of gestation. Furthermore, each enzyme exhibited a different pattern of prenatal presence. Maltase activity appeared first (day 18), followed by lactase and alkaline phosphatase (day 19) and then enterokinase (day 20). Except for enterokinase, all of the enzymes attained a level of activity close to the newborn levels at the final day of gestation. Induced intrauterine growth retardation during the 3rd trimester led to a decrease in intestinal weight proportional to the reduction of body weight. These decrease in size of the small intestine was caused by a reduction in cell number rather than cell size. Induced intrauterine growth retardation also resulted in a selective reduction in the specific activities of lactase and alkaline phosphatase, but not of enterokinase and maltase. These results suggest that reduction in maternofetal blood flow in the 3rd trimester of gestation will cause a selective decrease in some brush border enzymes (lactase and alkaline phosphatase) but does not effect others (maltase and enterokinase). PMID- 6783135 TI - Rabbit follicular adenylyl cyclase activity. II. Gonadotropin-induced desensitization in granulosa cells and follicle shells. PMID- 6783134 TI - Rabbit follicular adenylyl cyclase activity. I. Conditions of assay and gonadotropin sensitivity in granulosa cells and follicle shells. PMID- 6783133 TI - Periestrous and midluteal time courses of circulating LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in the domestic pig. PMID- 6783136 TI - Role of the ovary in controlling luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin secretion during and after lactation in pigs. PMID- 6783137 TI - Interaction of estradiol and a nonsteroidal follicular fluid substance in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the mare. PMID- 6783138 TI - Induction of the luteinizing hormone surge by intrahypothalamic application of estrogen in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 6783139 TI - 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol: inhibitor of sexual maturation in the female rat. PMID- 6783140 TI - Facilitated transport of inosine and uridine in cultured mammalian cells is independent of nucleoside phosphorylases. AB - The zero-trans uptake of uniformly and base-labeled inosine and uridine was measured a 25 degrees C in suspensions of Novikoff rat hepatoma cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, mouse L cells, mouse S49 lymphoma cells and a purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient subline thereof (NSU-1), and in monolayer culture of mouse 3T3 and L cells. The initial velocities of uptake of both nucleosides were about the same in all cell lines investigated, regardless of the position of the label or of the substrate concentration between 3 and 300 microM or whether or not the cells possessed uridine or purine-nucleoside phosphorylase activity. The kinetic parameters for the facilitated transport of uridine and inosine were also similar in phosphorylase positive and negative cell lines (K = 120--260 microM and V = 6--40 pmol/microliters cell water per s) and the transport activities of the cells exceeded their total phosphorylase activities by at least 10-fold for uridine and 1--2-fold for inosine. Chromatographic fractionation of the intracellular contents and of the culture fluid showed that the free nucleosides appeared intracellularly prior to and more rapidly than their phosphorolysis products. During the initial 20--60 s of uptake of U-14C labeled nucleosides the rates of intracellular appearance of ribose-1-P and base were about the same. After several minutes of incubation, on the other hand, the main intracellular component was ribose-1-P whereas the base attained a low intracellular steady-state concentration and accumulated in the medium due to exit transport. Other nucleosides, dipyridamole and nitrobenzylthioinosine, specifically inhibited the transport of uridine and inosine, and depressed the intracellular accumulation of ribose-1-P and the formation of base commensurate with that inhibition. The data indicate that the metabolism of inosine and uridine by the various cell lines can be entirely accounted for by the facilitated transport of unmodified nucleoside into the cell followed by intracellular phosphorolysis. PMID- 6783141 TI - Electrophysiology of phagocytic membranes. III. Evidence for a calcium-dependent potassium permeability change during slow hyperpolarizations of activated macrophages. AB - The roles of potassium and calcium in the slow hyperpolarizations of membranes of activated macrophages are investigated using standard intracellular electrical recording techniques. The amplitude of spontaneous slow hyperpolarizations decreases as a logarithmic function of the external potassium concentration in the culture medium. Similar dependence on the potassium gradient is observed when different levels of membrane potentials are imposed by constant current injection. The reversal potential for electrically evoked slow hyperpolarizations is -90 mV. A 10-fold increase in external potassium concentration causes a 60 mV shift of the reversal potential towards zero. Divalent cation ionophores (A23187 and X537A) can induce slow hyperpolarization responses in quiescent cells or permanent hyperpolarization in spontaneously active cells. The amplitude of the ionophore-induced hyperpolarizations is reduced by an increase in external potassium concentration in a manner consistent with data on slow hyperpolarization responses in the absence of ionophore. The calcium antagonist, verapamil, depresses the slow hyperpolarization responses at the concentration of 10(-5) M. It is suggested that the development of the hyperpolarizing response is due to a calcium-dependent potassium channel. The data support the assumption that spontaneous and artificially elicited slow hyperpolarization responses share a common calcium-dependent mechanism. PMID- 6783142 TI - Differential perturbation of erythrocyte membrane function by structurally related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. AB - Examination of the interaction of a number of structurally related polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with the erythrocyte plasma membrane indicated that the presence and position of methyl groups on the lipophilic hydrocarbon nucleus determined whether the compound acted as an inhibitor of membrane function. 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, a potent carcinogen, acted as a noncompetitive inhibitor of membrane acetylcholinesterase. The inhibition depended on the anion composition of the buffer at the time of exposure of the cells to inhibitor, i.e., it was only manifest in the presence of an anion gradient. The temperature dependence of the intact cell enzyme in the presence of inhibitor was influenced by the temperature at which the compound was added prior to assay and may involve the perturbation of tightly associated lipids. Glucose exchange across the membrane was inhibited by the same compounds which inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The temperature dependence of the exchange was not grossly altered by the presence of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. The observed inhibition of two membrane functions by the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not correlate simply with their theoretical octanol/water partition coefficients, water solubilities, or ability to confer membrane stabilization against osmotic hemolysis. This demonstration of differential inhibition by compounds having the same overall hydrophobicity was unexpected and suggests a more complex mode of interaction with the cell membrane. PMID- 6783143 TI - Survival analysis of drug combinations using a hazards model with time-dependent covariates. AB - Hazard functions in cancer chemotherapeutic situations may not be proportional, so a nonproportional hazard model has been developed. The dose-response surface is explored by regression analysis of experimental data, and after the estimation of the underlying hazard function the quality of the fit of the model is assessed. Further, treatment levels may be optimized, and estimated survival distributions can be plotted for any treatment combination. In an example of two drug treatment of murine L1210 leukemia, statistically significant nonproportionality is determined. Analysis permits extraction of potentially important information on drug interrelationships, which has been previously unavailable. PMID- 6783144 TI - Human deficiency of the sixth component of complement in a patient with meningococcal meningitis and no haemostasis abnormality. AB - A case of human complete C6 deficiency is reported. The patient, a 31 year old white male, was seen on the occasion of an isolated episode of meningococcal meningitis. Serum complement hemolytic and bactericidal activities were lacking and could be restored to normal by addition of appropriate amounts of purified C6. No hemostatic abnormalities were observed. PMID- 6783145 TI - Seven-electrode EER stimulator-monitor for ambulatory monkeys. AB - An electrical evoked response (EER) stimulator-monitor for ambulatory monkeys is described. Seven time-multiplexed electrodes are used. The unit switches between stimulus and monitor modes at a 100-Hz rate. In the stimulus mode, 3.5 V peak, 0.45-ms pulses are applied at a 100-Hz rate to any electrode selected by means of toggle switches on a remote control panel. In the monitor mode, low-frequency -3 dB cutoff occurs at 0.2 Hz. A 20-MHz carrier is used as a local superheterodyne oscillator during the stimulus period, and as an FM transmitter during the monitor period. Three mercury cells supply 4 V at 10 mA. The unit weighs 80 g. It is 5.7 x 5 x 2.5 cm in size. PMID- 6783146 TI - Morphologic and biosynthetic modulations of HeLa cells mediated by sodium butyrate. PMID- 6783147 TI - [Immunochemical characteristics of plant pollen allergoid]. AB - Allergen from ragweed pollen was treated with formaldehyde to obtain allergoid. The preparation obtained loses to a significant extent its ability to react not only with allergic antibodies (reagins) of the patients but also with precipitins of sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with allergen. Immunoelectrophoresis in agarose allowed a conclusion that formaldehyde blocks up to 4--5 antigens possessing a higher positive electrophoretic charge. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel has shown that concurrently there occur stabilization and enlargement of protein molecules. PMID- 6783149 TI - Carriers of hemophilia A. PMID- 6783148 TI - Sources of variability in antihemophilic factor (factor VIII) procoagulant titers and precipitating antigen levels among obligate carriers of classic hemophilia. AB - Chediak et al. have reported that the titer of procoagulant antihemophilic factor (AHF:C; factor VIII:C) was significantly lower in obligate carriers of classic hemophilia who were daughters of affected men (paternal carriers) than in those whose fathers were normal by history (maternal carriers). In contrast, among 113 obligate carriers of hemophilia, no significant difference in procoagulant AHF titers was observed between paternal and maternal carriers. The concentration of AHF-like precipitating antigens, however, was significantly higher in maternal than in paternal carriers. This difference may have reflected in part the greater severity of disease in affected males in the families of maternal carriers. PMID- 6783150 TI - Cost-effectiveness analysis for clinical procedures in oncology. AB - The provision of medical care consumes resources, and the resources available for the provision of medical care are limited. Decisions are being made at many levels of the Health Care System, including providers and fiscal intermediaries, to allocate these resources. Such decisions, however, are often inconsistent with the objective of deriving the maximum health benefits from the resources spent. Many cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost studies have been conducted in order to guide present and future resource allocation decisions. Many analyses have not been accepted by health care decision makers because a critical factor or issue has been omitted. In the attempt to be objective, the analyst may avoid uncertainties or subjective value judgments that often dominate the thinking of the decision maker. The role of the analyst in cost-effectiveness analysis, as in decision analysis for the individual patient, is to clarify and highlight such factors not to obfuscate them. PMID- 6783151 TI - Evaluation of a screening program in oncology. AB - As physicians and decision makers we constantly face difficult questions concerning screening tests for cancer. Unfortunately, we cannot determine the most effective and efficient screening program from clinical trials alone. One approach is to use a mathematical decision model that integrates and generalizes the information gained through clinical research and clinical judgment. The basic steps are to define the main components of the problem, identify the relationship between the components, and translate those relationships into quantitative terms. The model is a planning tool. It does not generate answers. It generates insights and understanding, which, when combined with existing research results and clinical experience, can help rationalize our current cancer screening policies and the design of future research. PMID- 6783152 TI - Effects of bromhexine metabolite VIII (NA 872) in an animal model of the respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6783153 TI - Carbon dioxide and coronary blood flow: direct effects or consequences of altered dynamics of the systemic circulation. PMID- 6783154 TI - [Comparison of 2 simple methods for the staining and culture of the tuberculosis bacillus: technical and economic evaluation]. PMID- 6783155 TI - Clinical amebiasis in New York City: symptoms, signs, and treatment. PMID- 6783156 TI - A cost-effectiveness analysis of three different methods of psychiatric case finding in the general population. AB - A study was carried out to compare the sensitivity as well as cost of three different methods of psychiatric case detection. It was found that the simplest method, which involved interviewing about 3% of the adult population, with a questionnaire taking only five minutes to complete, picked up as many adult epileptics and nearly as many psychotics as the inquiry with all the adults in the population using a sophisticated structured interview schedule. A method of medium complexity, in which the short five-minute questionnaire was given to one adult member of each family, detected in addition to all adult epileptics and psychotics, and many juvenile epileptics and mentally retarded. The cost of the simplest method was one-ninth and that of the method of medium complexity, one fifth of the cost of the most sophisticated method. The method of medium complexity is recommended for use in the rural psychiatry programme of the developing countries. PMID- 6783157 TI - Breast cancer: a case for conservation. PMID- 6783158 TI - Starting on prevention in practice. PMID- 6783159 TI - Second remissions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6783160 TI - Penicillamine nephropathy. PMID- 6783161 TI - Priorities again. PMID- 6783162 TI - Trends in tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of UK cigarettes manufactured since 1934. AB - The tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields of cigarettes manufactured in the United Kingdom between 1934 and 1979 were studied. Over this period the average tar yield decreased by 49%, the nicotine yield by 31%, the carbon monoxide yield by 11%, all estimated on a sales-weighted basis. The average tar yield decreased progressively after the second world war, owing both to the introduction of filter cigarettes and to changes in the manufacture of plain cigarettes. The average nicotine yield increased initially, decreased by 43% from about 1950 to 1974, but increased again by 9% between 1974 and 1979. The average carbon monoxide yield started to decrease after about 1961; while it decreased substantially in plain cigarettes, the rapid increase in sales of filter cigarettes at this time, at the expense of plain cigarettes, largely offset the reduction in carbon monoxide yield that would otherwise have occurred. As with nicotine, carbon monoxide yield showed a small rise in later years (4% between 1976 and 1979). The trends in tar yield may well explain the reduction in lung cancer in the UK better than has been suspected hitherto. The trends in nicotine and carbon monoxide yields are probably not sufficiently different to distinguish which of them might be the more likely cause of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6783163 TI - Patient reactions to long-term outpatient treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. AB - Fourteen of the first 15 insulin-dependent diabetics to be treated in our unit by three weeks or more of outpatient continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with a portable syringe pump completed a questionnaire about their reactions to the system. Motivation was more important to a favourable response than occupation or intelligence. Most patients thought that diabetic control was better with the pump than conventional injection treatment and several felt subjectively better. Features such as the greater flexibility of diet and insulin delivery rates during continuous subcutaneous infusion were appreciated. The most consistent adverse criticism was about the size of the device used, nearly all patients thinking that smaller and lighter infusion systems should be developed. Psychological reactions to the infusion and difficulties with interpersonal relationships were identified; these must be clearly appreciated and discussed with patients and family before and during treatment. Nine of the 14 patients said they would undertake continuous subcutaneous infusion for one year and a further two said they would do so if the infuser was smaller. These results provide guidance on future technological development of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and indicate that the major constraint to long-term trials of the present system is the size of the pump. PMID- 6783164 TI - HLA-DR patterns in pernicious anaemia. AB - The pattern of HLA-DR antigens was studied in a group of 66 patients with Addisonian pernicious anaemia, comprising a subgroup of 18 patients with associated endocrine disease and a subgroup of 48 patients with no associated endocrine disease. Compared with a control group of 120 subjects all 66 patients showed an increase in HLA-DR2 and DR4 and a decrease in DR3 (p less than 0.02). Significant differences were also found between the endocrine and non-endocrine subgroups for patterns of HLA-DR antigens (p less than 0.005) and for pairwise combinations of HLA-DR antigens (p less than 0.01). Relative to controls, the endocrine subgroup showed an increase of HLA-DR3/DR4 (relative risk 4.0), contrasting with an increase of HLA-DR2/DR4 (relative risk 6.85) and DR4/DR5 (relative risk 5.38) in the non-endocrine subgroup. These observations suggest that HLA-DR antigens or closely linked genes may interact to influence susceptibility to pernicious anaemia (or endocrine disease, or both). Thus interactive effects related to HLA-DR2/DR4 and DR4/DR5 may predispose to pernicious anaemia without endocrine disease, whereas interactive effects related to HLA-DR3/DR4 may predispose to pernicious anaemia in association with endocrine disease. PMID- 6783165 TI - Breast cancer in women who have taken contraceptive steroids. AB - The prognosis and clinical and pathological findings in 93 patients with breast cancer who had taken contraceptive steroids before diagnosis (study group) were compared with those in 93 control patients, also with breast cancer, matched for age and parity. The tumours in the women in the study group were found to have more favourable clinical and histological features than those in the control group. When only patients who had been treated by radical mastectomy were considered, those who had taken contraceptive steroids survived significantly longer even when differences in nodal state were taken into account. Significantly more patients in the study group had a family history of breast cancer. No evidence was found that taken oral contraceptive steroids had any harmful effect on tumour growth and spread, except possibly in patients with a close family history of breast cancer. PMID- 6783166 TI - Unilateral outward-turning leg in infancy. AB - An unreported condition of the legs in infants was found in more than 130 children referred to one hospital from 1973-1979. One hundred of these children were studied. One leg, usually the right, lay in external rotation. Although there was no loss or restriction of movement at the hip joints, in most cases there was a difference in the arc of rotation. Eleven children also had mild hooking of the forefoot on the unaffected side. Hip radiographs were normal in all cases. Obstetric records were reviewed in 70 cases, but no relation was found between presenting position at birth and side of the affected limb. The condition resolved spontaneously in most of the children who were follow up. This condition may cause anxiety to parents and doctors but it seems to be a variant of normal with an excellent prognosis. PMID- 6783167 TI - Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome. PMID- 6783168 TI - Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion corrects exercise-induced albuminuria in juvenile diabetes. PMID- 6783169 TI - Intravascular haemolysis with acute renal failure after angiocardiography. PMID- 6783170 TI - Possible transmission of malaria by renal transplantation. PMID- 6783171 TI - Anaphylaxis and drug reactions. PMID- 6783172 TI - Practical problems of improving records. PMID- 6783173 TI - Employment law. I: Why you need to know about it. PMID- 6783174 TI - General practitioner as social anthropologist. PMID- 6783175 TI - The Oxfordshire mental handicap register. AB - A total of 2027 moderately or severely mentally handicapped people in Oxfordshire considered likely to require special services at some time have been identified for the Oxfordshire Mental Handicap Register. Prevalence rates for those aged 5 to 14 years are estimated to be 3.9 per 1000 home population and 4.14 per 1000 total population when hospital residents are included. Entry criteria are less strict than in other registers, however, and people are identified by general practitioners, health visitors, and hospital staff as well as through the more usual sources. The register is already proving useful when planning and providing services to those in need. PMID- 6783176 TI - Knowledge and experience of young people regarding drug abuse between 1969 and 1979. AB - A trend survey carried out by anonymous questionnaire of the knowledge and experience of drug abuse among fourth-year pupils in three Wolverhampton secondary schools in 1969, 1974, and 1979 showed familiarity with the names of drugs, but that there continues to be considerable ignorance and misunderstanding about how drugs are taken and their dangers. Contact with drugs and drug-taking increased over the first five years, but this trend was not continued through to 1979. Television remained the most important source of information about drugs, while peer group and social pressures remained the most important reason for starting to take drugs. Effective preventive measures must include a health education programme that discusses decision-making processes and a wider view of "drugs in society". PMID- 6783177 TI - Psychotherapy: experience as a medical student. PMID- 6783178 TI - Communicating with patients with speech problems. PMID- 6783179 TI - How much more can we do about air pollution? PMID- 6783180 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Elimination of drugs. PMID- 6783181 TI - Difficulties and developments in treating hypertension. PMID- 6783182 TI - Provision of donors for renal transplantation 1978-80. PMID- 6783183 TI - A 20-year prospective study of cirrhosis. PMID- 6783184 TI - Evidence for previous hepatitis B virus infection in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6783185 TI - Management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 6783186 TI - The psychiatrically violent patient. PMID- 6783187 TI - Child abuse and "near-miss cot death". PMID- 6783188 TI - Late appearance of pneumothorax after subclavian vein catheterisation. PMID- 6783189 TI - Pulmonary oedema after transfusion with fresh frozen plasma. PMID- 6783190 TI - Subcutaneous infusions in the elderly. PMID- 6783191 TI - Doctors in uniform. PMID- 6783192 TI - Small maternity units: GMSC sends report to Minister. PMID- 6783194 TI - Private practice. PMID- 6783193 TI - Prescription Pricing Authority's information services. PMID- 6783195 TI - Gastric ulcer: benign or malign? PMID- 6783196 TI - Hypernephroma. PMID- 6783197 TI - Health service research. PMID- 6783198 TI - The senile amyloidoses. PMID- 6783199 TI - Evidence for a circulating sodium transport inhibitor in essential hypertension. AB - The active sodium transport of white cells and red cells obtained from patients with essential hypertension was impaired. Incubating white cells from normotensive subjects in serum obtained from patients with essential hypertension caused an impairment in sodium transport in the white cells of normotensive subjects similar to that found in the white cells of hypertensive patients. The impairment in sodium transport was due to a fall in the ouabain-sensitive component of the total sodium efflux rate constant. These results show that the serum of patients with essential hypertension contains a substance which influences sodium transport and that it has ouabain-like activity. They also suggest that it is this substance which causes the impairment in sodium transport in the leucocytes of patients with essential hypertension. These findings support the hypothesis that the rise in blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension is due to an increased concentration of a circulating sodium transport inhibitor which is continuously correcting a tendency for sodium retention by the kidney. PMID- 6783200 TI - Glucose turnover and metabolic and hormonal changes in ethanol-induced hypoglycaemia. AB - Infusion of 67 g ethanol over four hours in fasted, non-obese normal men (a) induced hypoglycaemia by inhibiting gluconeogenesis; (b) produced noticeable increases in blood lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and free fatty acid concentrations; (c) depressed plasma growth hormone concentrations, despite hypoglycaemia; and (d) raised plasma cortisol concentrations before significant hypoglycaemia occurred. These metabolic changes were explained by the reduction of redox state which accompanies ethanol oxidation. The pronounced changes in metabolic values recorded during this study suggested that the use of parenteral feeding regimens including ethanol needs to be reconsidered. PMID- 6783201 TI - Biochemical tests for diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma: urinary versus plasma determinations. AB - Fifteen patients with hypertension due to phaeochromocytoma and 35 controls with essential hypertension were studied to assess the diagnostic value of urinary and plasma biochemical determinations in phaeochromocytoma. In every case of phaeochromocytoma the urinary concentration of vanillylmandelate, metanephrines, or adrenaline plus noradrenaline was diagnostic of the disease irrespective of whether the patient was normotensive or hypertensive at the time. Plasma determinations of adrenaline and noradrenaline, however, gave falsely negative results on three occasions. These findings suggest that urinary biochemical determinations--particularly of metanephrines--are more reliable than plasma catecholamine measurements as a test for phaeochromocytoma. The test is particularly useful in patients with intermittent hypertension. PMID- 6783202 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine device: findings in a large cohort study. AB - The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease was investigated among parous women taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Hospital admission rates for "acute definite" disease were 1.51 per 1000 woman years among those currently using an intrauterine device (IUD) and 0.14 per 1000 woman-years among those using other methods of birth control (age-standardised relative risk 10.5 to 1 with 95% confidence limits of 5.4 to 1 and 32 to 1). There was little evidence of an increased risk of such disease in ex-users of an IUD. Hospital admission for "chronic definite" disease, on the other hand, was commoner in ex-users of an IUD than in current users. Acute definite disease occurred somewhat more frequently during the early months of use of an IUD than during the later months. While the rate of such disease was increased in users of each type of device, the highest rate (8.1 per 1000 woman-years) was observed in users of the Dalkon shield. This rate, however, was based on only three affected women. PMID- 6783203 TI - Maintenance of weight loss in obese patients after jaw wiring. AB - In treatment of obesity restriction of food intake is necessary to achieve good results. Various operations have been devised to prevent patients overeating, but in this study jaw wiring was used to limit food intake. This procedure produces weight loss in obese patients but when the wires are removed the weight is usually regained. This report studied a group of patients whose weight loss was maintained after the wires were removed. A nylon cord fastened round the waist of the patient after weight reduction was found to act as a psychological barrier to weight gain. Seven patients were followed for 4-14 months after removal of jaw wires and regained a mean of only 5.6 kg of the 31.8 kg lost while their jaws were wired. This procedure compares favourably with other treatments for severe obesity. PMID- 6783204 TI - Treatment of severe aplastic anaemia with antilymphocyte globulin or bone-marrow transplantation. AB - Fifty-three patients with severe aplastic anaemia were admitted to this hospital between January 1976 and June 1980, of whom three arrived in terminal condition and died before treatment for their basic disease could be given. Thus 50 patients were treated and evaluated in a prospective study according to one protocol. Eighteen patients with an HLA-identical sibling underwent bone-marrow transplantation with the aim of achieving haematopoietic chimerism. Thirty-two patients without an HLA-identical sibling were given antilymphocyte globulin with or without an infusion of HLA-haplotype-identical marrow. All these 32 patients received low-dose androgens after the procedure. In the first group eight patients (44%) survived. In the two other groups, 22 patients survived (69%), of whom 20 were completely self-sustaining (63%). Engraftment and graft-versus-host disease did not occur in the group who received antilymphocyte globulin and haploidentical marrow, and the haematopoietic reconstitutions in these patients were all autologous. These results confirm the efficacy of antilymphocyte globulin in the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia and show that such treatment is at least as good as bone-marrow transplantation. Its mechanism of action remains unknown, but most patients with aplastic anaemia have a pool of haematopoietic stem cells able to repopulate the marrow after this type of treatment. PMID- 6783205 TI - Tea consumption: a cause of constipation? PMID- 6783206 TI - Mefenamic acid nephropathy: further evidence. PMID- 6783207 TI - Employment law. II: The importance of the employment contract. PMID- 6783208 TI - Medical records. I: A personal view. PMID- 6783209 TI - Sex problems in practice: what can a general practitioner do? PMID- 6783210 TI - Percutaneous needle biopsy of the lung. AB - A total of 160 percutaneous needle biopsies of pulmonary lesions were performed in 149 patients. Cytological and bacteriological examination of the biopsy material yielded clinically useful information in 87% of these patients. False negative diagnoses were made in 6%, but there were no false-positive diagnoses. In most patients the biopsy obviated the need for a diagnostic thoracotomy. The principal complication of the procedure was pneumothorax, which occurred in 24% of patients; the pneumothorax, however, was usually very small and only two of these patients required treatment with a pleural drain. There were no deaths in the series. It is concluded that percutaneous needle biopsy is an effective and relatively safe method of obtaining diagnostic material from a pulmonary lesion. PMID- 6783211 TI - Communicating with patients with a language problem. PMID- 6783212 TI - Contamination of food: mycotoxins and metals. PMID- 6783213 TI - Domiciliary night nursing service: luxury or necessity? AB - The nursing records of the 242 patients who used the domiciliary night nursing care service in Newham Health District showed that three distinct groups of patients were nursed during 1979 at a cost of 8.8 pounds a day. Forty-three elderly chronically sick and five disabled patients aged under 50 received care for more than 28 days, 63 patients had terminal cancer, and 131 needed short-term care or observation. Data were also collected from a one-day survey of patients receiving care. This domiciliary care enabled the chronically sick and disabled to retain their independence and remain at home. Referrals from casualty departments and general practitioners avoided admission to acute beds. On account of the lack of continual surveillance the service is unsuitable for the elderly mentally ill. PMID- 6783214 TI - Nasal obstruction. PMID- 6783215 TI - Four years' experience of an interim secure unit. AB - An interim secure unit of 14 beds (Rainford Ward) at Rainhill Hospital has been functioning for four years. During that period 78 patients were referred and 39 were admitted from various sources. Of those admitted, 40% were women, all had committed dangerous acts, and the most common diagnosis was schizophrenia. Only seven patients have stayed for one year or more, and only one seems set to stay indefinitely. Patients discharged are followed up in roughly equal numbers by their catchment area psychiatric teams and by the regional forensic psychiatric service. The number of patients in the ward has settled to about 12 for a population of one million. The unit now functions unobtrusively in a large psychiatric hospital, has a high morale, has had few recruiting problems, and has suffered extremely few disturbing incidents. PMID- 6783216 TI - Effect of antiepileptic drugs on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. PMID- 6783217 TI - Double pathology as a cause of occult gastrointestinal blood loss. PMID- 6783218 TI - How many beds do we really need--for example, in neurosurgery? PMID- 6783219 TI - Factors contributing to mortality in paracetamol-induced hepatic failure. PMID- 6783220 TI - Do sick doctors need more than the GMC? PMID- 6783221 TI - The robustness of the London Health Planning Consortium model. PMID- 6783222 TI - What price the London Hospital Plan. PMID- 6783223 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis after treatment with metronidazole. PMID- 6783224 TI - Bladder cancer. PMID- 6783225 TI - Chondromalacia patellae. PMID- 6783226 TI - Generalised smooth-muscle disease with defective muscarinic-receptor function. AB - A patient with widespread smooth-muscle disease presented with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction but had in addition defects of the bladder, pupils, sweating, and cardiovascular function. There was no evidence of a primary neural lesion, and minor changes in the muscle did not resemble those of a myopathy. In each organ affected muscarinic cholinergic function was at fault, but instead of supersensitivity to cholinergic drugs, which occurs in postganglionic autonomic neuropathies, there was a lack of response to cholinergic drugs and anticholinesterases. It was therefore concluded that the patient had a new type of defect of muscarinic-receptor function. The cause was unknown, but it may have been an autoimmune disease resembling myasthenia, in which there is a postjunctional defect of muscarinic receptors. In similar cases binding of muscarinic agonists and antagonists should be tested. When antibodies to purified human muscarinic receptors become available different patterns of smooth-muscle defect may be identifiable, enabling the lesion to be defined more precisely. PMID- 6783227 TI - Do colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation? Effects of lactulose on bile. AB - Ten healthy middle-aged women volunteered for a study to test the effect of lactulose--a synthetic, non-absorbable disaccharide--on the colonic metabolism of bile acids and on bile lipid composition. Lactulose (60 g daily in eight cases, 39 g daily in two) was taken as a proprietary syrup for six weeks, and bile was collected by duodenal intubation before and immediately after six weeks. All subjects showed a fall in the percentage of the 7-alpha-dehydroxylated bile acid deoxycholic acid (mean 28.4 +/- SEM 3.7 to 15.6 +/- 2.4; p less than 0.002) and a rise in the percentage of the primary bile acid chenodeoxycholic acid (mean 33.2 +/- 42.9 +/- 2.9; p less than 0.001). The percentage of cholic acid rose in eight subjects but mean values did not differ significantly. Bile was initially super saturated with cholesterol in most subjects and became less saturated with cholesterol in all but one (mean saturation index 1.40 +/- 0.11 to 1.19 +/- 0.07; p less these 0.005). These data support the theory colonic bacteria contribute to cholesterol gall-stone formation. PMID- 6783229 TI - Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and acute pancreatitis. AB - Four families with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia were studied. The probands presented with abdominal pain, which in three was due to acute pancreatitis; in two the condition was life threatening. Serum concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and immunoassayable parathyroid hormone, urinary calcium excretion, and the rate of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphate were measured; the findings were compared with results in 10 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism matched for serum calcium concentration to establish differences between the diseases. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia should be suspected in patients with hypercalcaemia in whom daily urinary calcium excretion is below 5 mmol (200 mg) provided renal insufficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and ingestion of drugs that reduce calcium excretion have been excluded. Most cases appear to run a benign course, but some may suffer considerable morbidity. Surgical treatment should be reserved for patients with severe complications, when all parathyroid tissue should be removed. PMID- 6783228 TI - Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis using autologous indium-III-labelled platelets. AB - Forty-eight patients who had undergone surgical reduction of a fractured neck of femur or in whom deep vein thrombosis was suspected clinically were studied by ascending phlebography and imaging after injection of autologous indium-111 labelled platelets to assess the accuracy and value of the radioisotopic technique in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis. Imaging was performed with a wide field gammacamera linked with data display facilities. Phlebography showed thrombi in 26 out of 54 limbs examined and a thrombus in the inferior vena cava of one patient; imaging the labelled platelets showed the thrombi in 24 of the 26 limbs and the thrombus in the inferior vena cava. The accumulation of indium-111 at sites corresponding to those at which venous thrombi have been shown phlebographically indicates that this radioisotopic technique is a useful addition to methods already available for the detection of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6783230 TI - Pain due to lesions of central nervous system removed by sympathetic block. AB - Eight patients were studied in whom a lesion within the central nervous system caused constant pain and hyperpathia. Blockade of the sympathetic supply to the periphery was carried out in each patient by stellate ganglion block or intravenous infusion of guanethidine 15 mg in 30 ml saline into a limb on the affected side. On almost every occasion the pain and hypersensitivity were reduced, sometimes completely. Thus chronic pain and hyperpathia arising from a lesion in the central nervous system may be abolished by blocking the sympathetic supply to the periphery; this effect may be achieved when not all the peripheral nerves of the affected region have had their sympathetic nerve supply blocked. Such blockade may be worth repeating in the hope of achieving lasting relief of the intractable pain. PMID- 6783231 TI - Combined treatment with sustained-release theophylline and beta2-adrenoceptor stimulating agents in chronic childhood asthma. AB - The effect of adding theophylline to treatment with a beta2-adrenoceptor stimulant was studied in 18 asthmatic children in a double-blind cross-over trial. Most patients were taking cromolyn sodium (cromoglycic acid) or beclomethasone aerosol, or both. A sustained-release preparation of theophylline was administered in individually titrated doses, producing a mean plasma theophylline concentration of about 8 micrograms/ml. Statistically significant improvements were found during the theophylline treatment in symptom score, consumption of beta2 stimulants in aerosol form, and morning peak expiratory flow rate and forced expiratory volume in one second. There was also a reduced need for emergency-room treatment during the theophylline period. Reported side effects were few and mild and were similar during the theophylline and placebo periods. Of the 17 patients who completed the trial, 14 preferred theophylline and three expressed no preference between theophylline and placebo. Adding submaximal doses of sustained-release theophylline to treatment with a beta2 stimulant gave further relief of asthmatic symptoms without appreciable side effects, suggesting that the drug combination has a favourable therapeutic index. PMID- 6783232 TI - Effects of cooking on serum glucose and insulin responses to starch. PMID- 6783233 TI - Compression of oesophagus by tortuous dilated aorta. PMID- 6783234 TI - Multisystem disorder after exposure to paint stripper (Nitromors). PMID- 6783235 TI - Exaggerated hypokalaemia in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 6783237 TI - Legionnaires' disease and abscess of appendix. PMID- 6783236 TI - Brain abscess due to Arachnia propionica. PMID- 6783238 TI - Spacing between doses on a thrice-daily regimen. PMID- 6783239 TI - Do general practitioners have different "referral thresholds"? PMID- 6783240 TI - Employment law. IV: Can I still dismiss? PMID- 6783241 TI - Non-organic causes of sexual problems. PMID- 6783242 TI - Overseas doctors: coming to Britain. PMID- 6783244 TI - How to take blood from patients who have hepatitis B. PMID- 6783243 TI - Admissions to hospital of children with sickle-cell anaemia: a study in south London. AB - Admissions to hospital of 171 children with sickle-cell anaemia, genotype Hb SS, were reviewed over a 20-year period. Altogether 887 admissions occurred in 797 patient-years. The commonest cause of admission was painful vaso-occlusive crisis. Appreciable morbidity also resulted from pulmonary disease, infection, and anaemic episodes. The complications resulting in the most severe illness were acute splenic sequestration, pneumococcal meningitis, and some episodes of erythroid hypoplasia resulting in very low haemoglobin concentrations. Most deaths occurred in children aged under 5. Mortality and morbidity could be reduced by measures including prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and more active treatment of seemingly minor illness in children with sickle-cell anaemia. PMID- 6783245 TI - Paranasal sinus diseases. PMID- 6783246 TI - Overweight patients. PMID- 6783247 TI - Duodenal ulceration--is endoscopic biopsy necessary? PMID- 6783248 TI - Explaining death to children. PMID- 6783249 TI - Perinatal death recording: time for a change? PMID- 6783250 TI - Neonatal mortality in Avon. PMID- 6783251 TI - Children born as a result of incest. PMID- 6783252 TI - Natural history of autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6783253 TI - Drugs for asthma: mast-cell stabilisers. PMID- 6783254 TI - Overdose with ibuprofen causing unconsciousness and hypotension. PMID- 6783255 TI - Pulmonary oedema after transfusion with fresh frozen plasma. PMID- 6783256 TI - Haemorrhage from gastric artery aneurysms. PMID- 6783257 TI - Endoscopic assessment of oesophageal disease. PMID- 6783258 TI - Cosmetic surgery. PMID- 6783259 TI - Echovirus type 30: 1980. PMID- 6783260 TI - Point of death: no judicial definition. PMID- 6783261 TI - Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in sera from patients with acute salpingitis. AB - Paired sera from 60 consecutive patients with acute salpingitis, confirmed by laparoscopy, were examined for serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. By a microimmunofluorescence (MIF) test IgM or IgG antibodies to C trachomatis or both were present in sera from 80% of the patients' by indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests antibodies to M hominis and N gonorrhoeae pilar antigens were present in 40% and 18% respectively. In a control group of 50 pregnant women antibodies to the same three organisms occurred in 8%, 8%, and 6%. Evidence of current chlamydial infection was found in 35 (58%) and of current gonococcal infection in five (8%) of the 60 patients by culture or serological tests or both. The results of chlamydial antibody tests correlated with the severity of the tubal inflammation (as shown by laparoscopy) and the duration of the lower abdominal pain before attendance. The predictive values of a positive and a negative MIF test result were 44% and 83% respectively and of the IHA gonococcal antibody test 36% and 100% respectively. Significant rises in titre of antibodies to M hominis were found in 12% of patients. A four-fold or greater rise in titre indicated probable double infections with chlamydia and mycoplasmas in 7% of patients. Thus, at present gonococcal salpingitis appears to form only a small proportion of all cases of salpingitis in southern Sweden, and in patients with nongonococcal salpingitis infections with C trachomatis and M hominis commonly occur. PMID- 6783262 TI - Simple method for detecting penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A filter paper acidometric test, using bromocresol purple as pH indicator, for detecting penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and Staphylococcus aureus gave complete agreement with the chromogenic cephalosporin and rapid iodometric methods when performed on 300 strains of gonococci and 70 strains of Staph aureus. The test is cheap and simple and may be used to screen for penicillinase-producing strains of N gonorrhoeae and Staph aureus. PMID- 6783264 TI - Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat brain after lesions of the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system. AB - The effect of lesions of the locus coeruleus neuron system on cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and blood flow (CBF) was evaluated in paralyzed and mechanically ventilated rats, using a 133xenon modification of the Kety-Schmidt inert gas technique. Bilateral electrothermic lesions of its ascending bundle caused no significant change in CBF or CMRO2. The 6-hydroxydopamine lesions did not influence the CBF and CMRO2 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. It is concluded that the locus coeruleus does not exert any resting tone on CBF and CMRO2 and that no influence on the CBF and CMRO2 responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia is mediated via its ascending projections. PMID- 6783263 TI - Measurement of cerebral vascular extraction fractions in the rat using intracarotid injection techniques. AB - A small volume (5 microliters) common carotid arterial injection method is described for the quantitation of cerebral vascular extraction fractions (Et) of diffusion limited tracer molecules in the rat. The method is a modification of a technique introduced by Oldendorf and widely used for the study of blood-brain barrier phenomena. While the Oldendorf technique has proven valuable for estimating the relative permeabilities of substances, it is limited in measuring Et under conditions of physiologically or pharmacologically altered permeability or blood flow. The method described in this paper--using a small volume (5 microliters) common carotid injection, a freely diffusible reference tracer, [14C]butanol, and a 5 sec circulation time--allows for measurements of Et that reflect changes in blood flow and small differences in permeability. The modified method is important for the study of the regulation of cerebral vascular permeability and flow in an inexpensive animal model. PMID- 6783265 TI - Effect of thyroidectomy on choline acetyltransferase in rat hypothalamic nuclei. PMID- 6783267 TI - [Epidemiology of Chagas disease]. PMID- 6783266 TI - [Lymphoid populations in chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6783268 TI - [Chronic forms of Chagas disease]. PMID- 6783269 TI - Crystal orientation in the shell of the domestic fowl: an electron diffraction study. AB - The eggshell of the domestic fowl has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and diffraction. Thin sections of shell were prepared by chemical and ion-beam thinning techniques. Each calcite column of the palisade layer consisted of crystallites of diameter 20 to 30 micrometer with some tendency for crystallite alignment within a single column. Evidence indicates that there was no significant preferred orientation in the palisade layer as a whole. Only in the surface layer was any preferred orientation detected, and here (1014) planes tended to lie parallel to the surface. The results are compared with previously published data, and calcite nucleation and growth are discussed. PMID- 6783270 TI - Virally induced periosteal osteogenesis in mice. AB - Inoculation of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (M-MSV) into shank muscles of adult NMRI mice resulted in localized sarcoma and periosteal membrane proliferation with subsequent periosteal bone formation. Newly formed bone arose from outer surface of shank bones. Two weeks after M-MSV inoculation the width of bone cortex increased nearly 4 times. The spaces between newly formed bone ossicles were filled with bone marrow. In the later stages these bone marrow cavities were merged with medullar cavities. No extraskeletal bone formation was observed. The regression of M-MSV-induced sarcomas coincides with cessation of the proliferation of bone therefore allowing the maturation and rebuilding of bone. Newly formed bone was not resorbed during a 6-month observation period. PMID- 6783271 TI - Effects of cytochalasin B and dihydrocytochalasin B on calcium transport by intestinal absorptive cells. AB - In vivo calcium absorption was studied in normal and rachitic chicks. Cytochalasin B (CB) at a concentration of 25 microgram/ml added to the medium inside the duodenal lumen inhibited calcium absorption (20 min) from 82.5 +/- 1.9% of calcium absorbed in the controls to 59.2 +/- 3% in normal and from 70.0 +/- 2.3% to 47.0 +/- 2.1% in rachitic chicks. In vitro studies by everted ileal sacs of young rabbits also showed an inhibition of active transport of calcium due to CB. Whereas in the controls the ratio of 45Ca concentrations in serosal and mucosal media (60 min) was 7.2 +/- 0.32, the ratios were 5.24 +/- 0.52; 4.40 +/- 0.36; 3.40 +/- 0.42; 5.77 +/- 0.52; 1.38 +/- 0.08; and 1.06 +/- 0.02 in the presence of CB at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25 microgram/ml; colchicine 10( 4)M, Na citrate 0.02M, and heat-devitalized conditions, respectively. 45Ca concentration in the mucosal scrapings was also affected. It showed an increase from controls (15,101 +/- 404 cpm/mg) and correlated with CB concentration: 17,378 +/- 489, 19,015 +/- 1000, and 20,201 +/- 362 at 5, 10, and 25 microgram/ml, respectively. Dihydrocytochalasin B also inhibited active calcium transport and caused an increase in 45Ca concentration in the mucosal scrapings. Correlated electron microscopic studies showed certain changes in the brush border, especially in some actin microfilaments in the terminal web region. It seems that these morphological alterations may be related to transcytoplasmic movement of calcium. PMID- 6783272 TI - Relative effectiveness of vitamin D metabolites in increasing bone mineral solubility. AB - Weanling rats were given a vitamin D-deficient diet containing 1.4% calcium and 1.0% phosphorus. After 4 weeks these deficient animals were injected for 7 days with selected doses of one of the following vitamin D metabolites: 25(OH)D3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, 25,26(OH)2D3 or the ethanol vehicle. A vitamin D replete group was placed on the same diet but injected with 50 IU of vitamin D3 once a week for the entire 5-week period. By the use of a modified Ussing chamber [1], the measurements of calcium fluxes into and from the rat calvaria were possible. These data enabled the apparent mineral solubilities to be derived. After 5 weeks on this diet the vitamin D-deficient rats had low levels of serum calcium (1.41 mM) and decreased mineral solubility when compared to the vitamin D replete group. The apparent solubility of the bone mineral increased toward the vitamin D-replete level in calvaria from vitamin D metabolite-treated rats. However, these changes did not directly reflect the alterations in the level of serum calcium. At any given dose level, 1,25(OH)2D3 was the most effective metabolite in increasing serum calcium. In fact, the high dose (250 pmoles/day) was hypercalcemic. Next in effectiveness was 25(OH)D3. These two metabolites were equally effective in increasing mineral solubility. At a 10 times higher dose, the 24,25(OH)2D3 metabolite was able to normalize serum calcium and improve but not normalize mineral solubility. At the high dose (260 pmoles/day), the 25,26(OH)2D3 metabolite caused no effect on mineral solubility and minimal increases in serum calcium. PMID- 6783273 TI - Protective effect on vitamin D2 on bone apposition from the inhibitory action of hydrocortisone in rats. AB - Using the technique of short interval sequential tetracycline labeling, it was documented that the apposition of mineralized bone matrix in adult male Sprague Dawley rats was inhibited by hydrocortisone. The inhibition occurred as early as six days after the onset of the treatment and was dose dependent over a dose range of 0.62 to 20 mg per kg body weight per day. Vitamin D2 supplements by injection protected bone from this hydrocortisone action. 64 I. U. of vitamin D2 injected daily was able to prevent the inhibition of bone apposition by 20 mg per kg body weight per day of hydrocortisone. The results imply that vitamin D or its metabolites may compete with hydrocortisone in some cellular mechanisms and support the usefulness of vitamin D supplements in the treatment and the prevention of steroid-induced osteoporosis. PMID- 6783274 TI - Effect of vitamin D deficiency on urinary excretion of connective tissue derivatives (hydroxyproline and glycosaminoglycans) in rats. AB - The urinary excretion of two connective tissue metabolites was studied in both control and vitamin D deficient rats. Hydroxyproline (HyPRO) excretion was determined after 2, 13 and 22 months (experiment I). It decreased with aging in animals receiving the control diet. On the contrary, this excretion increased as a function of age in vitamin D deficient animals. At the age of 22 months, HyPRO excretion was respectively 31 and 1708 micrograms a day in control and deficient animals. HyPRO and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) excretion was measured on a group of both control and vitamin D deficient rats at the age of 21 months (experiment II). These results confirm the high excretion of HyPRO in deficient animals. On the contrary, the GAG excretion was higher in control animals than in deficient ones, the mean excretion being respectively 412 and 234 micrograms a day. PMID- 6783275 TI - Stimulation of aryl sulfatase in rat peritoneal macrophages exposed to bone in vitro. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages elicited by injection of thioglycollate were cultured in the absence and presence of non-vital, milled rat bone or latex beads. After 0, 48, 96, and 144 hours exposure to these substances, the levels of aryl sulfatase B were determined. Cells exposed to bone demonstrated a significant (p less than .001) time-dependent increase in the specific activity of aryl sulfatase B. After 144 hours the specific activity of aryl sulfatase in cells exposed to bone was 20 fold higher than that in the 144 hour controls. There were no significant differences in the levels of aryl sulfatase B in controls over time, nor were the levels of enzyme in those exposed to latex beads difference from controls. We conclude that the specific activity of aryl sulfatase B increases when macrophages resorb bone and suggest that this enzyme could be used as a marker or index for bone resportion. PMID- 6783276 TI - Serine phosphate, threonine phosphate and gamma-carboxyglutamic acid in normal and experimentally induced, pathologically calcified rat skin (topical cutaneous calciphylaxis). AB - The amount of non-collagenous proteins is increased greatly during the pathological calcification of rat skin experimentally induced by dihydrotachysterol (DHT) and Ovalbumin (topical cutaneous calciphylaxis). This is accompanied by an increase in the total amount and concentrations of protein bound serine phosphate [Ser(P)], threonine phosphate [Thr(P)] and gamma carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), almost all of which can be extracted from the tissue and can be dissociated from collagen in 0.5M EDTA. The EDTA-soluble, non collagenous proteins are rich in aspartic and glutamic acids, similar to the non collagenous, EDTA-soluble proteins of bone, cementum and calcified cartilage, and quite distinct from those of dentin and enamel. PMID- 6783277 TI - The formation of bilirubin diglucuronide by rat liver microsomal preparations. AB - Bilirubin transformation in vitro to bilirubin conjugates in the presence of activated rat liver microsomal preparations and UDPglucuronate was assessed with a method involving isolation of the products as tetrapyrroles. The proportions of bilirubin monoglucuronide and diglucuronide formed by the microsomal bilirubin UDPglucuronosyltransferase were found to be governed by the concentration of bilirubin present and the nature of the activation of the microsomal membrane. Activation of the microsomal preparations with the nonionic detergents Triton X 100 or Emulgen 911, or with digitonin for 24 h, produced bilirubin monoglucuronide as the only product at all concentrations of bilirubin investigated. In contrast, bilirubin diglucuronide was the only conjugate formed when hepatic microsomal preparations were activated with digitonin for periods of less tha 2 h and the concentration of bilirubin was 20 microM. Increasing the concentration of bilirubin utilized in this assay system changed the relative amounts of bilirubin monoglucuronide and diglucuronide formed. As the level of bilirubin was increased from 20 to 166 microM, the proportion of bilirubin diglucuronide decreased and that of bilirubin monoglucuronide increased, until at levels of 108 and 166 microM bilirubin only bilirubin monoglucuronide was formed. No evidence was found with liver plasma membranes that transglucuronidation plays a major role in the formation of bilirubin diglucuronide from bilirubin monoglucuronide. PMID- 6783278 TI - A comparative study of the sequestration of "abnormal" red cells by the spleen. PMID- 6783279 TI - Strategies of response to copper, cadmium, and lead by a blue-green and a green alga. AB - The toxic metal ions Cu2+, Cd2+, and Pb2+ inhibited growth of the green alga Ankistrodesmus braunii and the blue-green alga (Cyanobacterium) Anabaena, strain 7120. Some concentrations of Cu lysed Anabaena 7120 at early, but not late, stages of growth. The other metals inhibited growth without causing lysis. Adding the chelating agent nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) did not reduce, and in some cases increased, metal toxicity to Anabaena 7120. This suggests that these metals do not act on this alga only in the ionic form. When Anabaena 7120 grew in a sublethal concentrations of Cu(NO3)2 (10(-5)M) most of the Cu was found outside the cell, in nonionic form. About half the Cd was found to be cell associated when these algae grew in the presence of 10(-5)M Cd(NO3)2. Ankistrodesmus braunii bound substantial amounts of both Cd and Cu when growing in their presence. At certain Cu levels, the amount bound per cell remained virtually constant during growth. In Cd, the amount bound per cell was highest at the beginning of growth and then fell. Cell-associated metals were found in both wall plus membrane and cytoplasmic fractions of A. braunii after mechanical lysis. When these algae grew over dialysis sacs containing sediment loaded with Cd or Cu, substantial amounts of these metals left the sediment and entered the algal cultures. They were found both cell associated and in the culture medium of A. braunii. In cultures of Anabaena 7120, Cd removed from the sediment was found in both cells and culture medium, but Cu was found almost entirely in the culture medium. The effects that bloom of such algae might have on the mobilization of these metals from sediments in natural waters are discussed. PMID- 6783280 TI - Prophage-mediated production of a bacteriocinlike substance by SP beta lysogens of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cultures of Bacillus subtilis lysogenic for the temperature bacteriophage SP beta release "betacin", a bacteriocinlike substance that inhibits B. subtilis strains which do not carry this phage. Production of betacin is blocked by mutations in the bet gene on the prophage and a second phage gene, tol, is apparently involved in making the lysogen itself tolerant to betacin. Mutations in a bacterial gene betR, located on the B. subtilis chromosome between metC and pyrD, render nonlysogens tolerant to betacin. PMID- 6783281 TI - Methods for selective isolation of mycobacteria from the environment. PMID- 6783282 TI - Microbial oxidation of gaseous hydrocarbons: production of alcohols and methyl ketones from their corresponding n-alkanes by methylotrophic bacteria. AB - Cell suspensions of methane-utilizing bacteria oxidized n-alkanes (propane, butane, pentane, and hexane) to their corresponding alcohols and methyl ketones. The product alcohols and methyl ketones accumulated extracellularly. Methanol grown cells of methane-utilizing bacteria did not oxidize n-alkanes. The product primary alcohol was detected in a cell-free system but only in a trace amount in the whole cell system due to further oxidation. The optimum conditions for in vivo formation of secondary alcohol and methyl ketone from n-alkanes were compared between two distinct types of C1-utilizing microbes: Methylococcus capsulatus M1 (type I membrane) and Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (type II membrane). The production of acetone or 2-butanone from n-alkanes ceased after 3 h of incubation for strain OB3b and 5 h for strain M1. The amount of these methyl ketones did not decline during 30 h of incubation. The optimum pH for the in vivo production of methyl ketones from n-alkanes by both strains was around 7.0. However, secondary alcohols were accumulated at higher amounts around pH 6.0. The optimum temperature for the in vivo production of methyl ketones from n-alkanes was around 40 degrees C for strain M1 and around 30-35 degrees C for strain OB3b. Higher accumulation of secondary alcohol was detected at 30-40 degrees C for strain M1 and 25 degrees C for strain OB3b. The alkane hydroxylation enzyme was located in the cell-free particulate fraction precipitated between 10 000 and 40 000 X g centrifugation. The yield of primary and secondary alcohols from n-alkane in the cell-free system was about equal. Evidence obtained indicates that the hydroxylation of n-alkanes (both terminal and subterminal oxidations) is also catalyzed by the methane hydroxylation - alkene epoxidation enzyme system. PMID- 6783283 TI - In vitro antigonococcal activity of urogenital coagulase-negative staphylococci. AB - Twenty-four urogenital isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci were selected because of their demonstrated ability to inhibit Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth in vitro. These organisms showed quantitative differences in their growth interfering capability as revealed by a flip-flop agar overlay method. The composition of the culture medium affected the production of antigonococcal activity. Antigonococcal activity was shown with the following media: GC agar base with Lankford defined supplement, brain heart infusion agar, trypticase soy agar, and dextrose starch agar, but not with the GC agar base with CVA enrichment. An antigonococcal activity was obtained in the liquid phase prepared from semisolid agar cultures for 10 of the 24 staphylococcal isolates, whereas no activity was found in the supernatant from liquid cultures. The production of antigonococcal activity by staphylococci in vitro is influenced by growth conditions. PMID- 6783284 TI - The influence of temperature on the growth inhibitory effect of carbon dioxide on Pseudomonas fragi and Bacillus cereus. AB - The growth inhibitory effect of 50 kPa (0.5 atm) CO2 was tested for Pseudomonas fragi in the temperature range 5-35 degrees C and of 101 kPa (1 atm) CO2 on Bacillus cereus in the range 18-46 degrees C. The maximum specific growth rate (mumax) of P. fragi in air (pH 6.7) was 0.44 h-1 at 35C, 0.66 h-1 at 30 degrees C, and 0.078 h-1 at 5 degrees C. In 50 kPa of CO2 in air the relative inhibition of the growth rate was about 30% at 35 degrees C, 50% at 30 degrees C, and 90% at 5 degrees C. Thus, the inhibitory effect of CO2 successively increased with decreasing temperature, an effect which was explained by the increasing solubility of CO2 with decreasing temperature. The anaerobic growth of B. cereus (101 kPa N2) was optimal at 40 degrees C and stopped at temperatures below 18 degrees C and above 46 degrees C. The relative inhibitory effect of 101 kPa CO2 at the optimum growth temperature was about 40%; this increased to 100% near the maximum and minimum growth temperatures. The growth inhibitory effect of reduced temperature (below optimum) and CO2 and B. cereus was larger than that expected from the increased solubility of CO2 at lower temperatures. PMID- 6783285 TI - Bactericidal concentrations of methylglyoxal produced by heated cells of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - Cells of Streptococcus faecalis that survived heating for 21 min at 60 degrees C were killed when resuspended at an initial cell density of about 1 X 10(8) viable units/mL and incubated at 33 degrees C for 24 h in a no-growth medium containing potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.1, glucose, and casein hydrolysate. When such heated cells were resuspended at an initial cell density of about 1 X 10(7) viable units/mL or lower, subsequent cell death was reduced at least 10 000-fold. Unheated cells incubated under similar conditions at about 1 X 10(8) and 1 X 10(9) viable units/mL did not die. Cell death was due to a toxic compound synthesized by the heated cells, and supernatants from incubations showing a bactericidal effect contained a component, absent in nonlethal supernatants, that reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. Thin-layer chromatography, mass spectrometer analysis, and the visible spectrum of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine derivative of the unknown and authentic methylglyoxal, and the positive response shown by the free unknown compound when used as a substrate for glyoxalase I, suggested that methylglyoxal was the bactericidal compound. Solutions of authentic methylglyoxal were bactericidal at concentrations above 0.2 mM and lethal supernatants contained about 1 mM methylglyoxal, whereas supernatants that were not lethal contained less than 0.02 mM methylglyoxal. PMID- 6783286 TI - Localization of carbonic anhydrase in the cytoplasmic membrane of Neisseria sicca (strain 19). AB - The carbonic anhydrase activity and the growth of Neisseria sicca 19 were inhibited by the sulfonamide acetazolamide (10(-5) M). Such inhibition was completely overcome by the addition of exogenous bicarbonate. Some carbonic anhydrase activity associated with the membranous envelope fraction of the cell was released when cells were broken by sonic treatment but not during cell breakage by high-pressure extrusion. After the selective solubilization (4 degrees C) of the inner membrane of envelopes by treatment with 1% sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, all detectable carbonic anhydrase activity was found in the soluble (inner membrane) fraction. After fractionation of the cell envelope into inner and outer membranes by treatment with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, the total and specific activity of carbonic anhydrase paralleled that of succinate dehydrogenase, an inner membrane enzyme marker. The Coomassie blue stained protein patterns after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the bands from the sucrose density gradient provided confirmation that the inner and outer membranes had indeed been separated. PMID- 6783287 TI - Effect of active and passive immunization on the development of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis in mice. AB - Experimental pyelonephritis was produced in mice by the intravenous injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Immune response to infection was studied by passive hemagglutination antibody titers. Vaccination of mice with live P. aeruginosa or culture filtrates (Pseudomonas antigen) induced antibodies and resulted in a high degree of protection against death and pyelonephritis following subsequent hematogenous challenge with the homologous strain. Transfer of immune serum protected mice against death following infection with the homologous strain and with a heterologous strain. However, immune serum failed to protect mice from kidney infection by the heterologous strain. These data indicate that immune serum seemed to protect against early, overwhelming bacteremia but did not prevent a chronic course of kidney infection by a heterologous strain. PMID- 6783288 TI - Effects of venesection on cerebral function in chronic lung disease. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow measurements and neuropsychological testing were conducted before and after venesection on 6 patients with polycythemia secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Venesection resulted in lowered viscosity and hematocrit, and an accompanying improvement in cerebral perfusion and mental function. Blood flow was significantly increased in the left cerebral hemisphere following phlebotomy, and there was significant improvement in sensory/mental function. Cerebral function would appear to be related to blood flow alterations influenced by the viscosity of the blood. PMID- 6783289 TI - The beta-amino acid transport system in Friedreich's ataxia. AB - Taurine and beta-alanine uptake in cultured skin fibroblasts proceeds through at least two distinct amino acid transport systems. The predominant beta amino acid uptake system which we refer to as the "Beta" system, incorporates taurine in a proportion of 95%. Beta-alanine in a proportion of 80% and does not incorporate beta-amino-isobutyric acid. A second transport system for beta-alanine seems to be operative cultured skin fibroblasts and this system shares the characteristics of system "L" for branched-chain and ring-side neutral amino acids. Results of ion depletion experiments, metabolic inhibition by drugs and blocking agents and previous kinetic studies of taurine and beta-alanine uptake in cultured skin fibroblasts failed to disclose any major difference in beta-amino acid transport between control individuals and patients with Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 6783290 TI - Friedreich's ataxia 1980. An overview of the physiopathology. AB - Phase three of the Quebec Cooperative Study of Friedreich's Ataxia was devoted to an understanding of the physiopathology of individual symptoms on the basis of previously discovered biochemical leads. The present paper attempts to pull these results together by presenting, as a hypothesis, a unifying scheme of possible interactions and relationships. The central core of this hypothesis is the demonstration in Friedreich's ataxia of a state of mitochondrial energy deprivation. This is indirectly responsible for such associated and important symptoms as muscle weakness, dying-back neuropathy, scoliosis and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Secondarily, and possibly as an independent but linked-event, the entry of glucose into cells and pyruvate oxidation, are slowed down, favoring the development of diabetes. As a consequence, tissue concentrations of glutamic acid and aspartic acid are decreased, particularly in more vulnerable areas such as the cerebellum, brain stem and dorsal root ganglia. This tissue deficiency in putative excitatory neurotransmitters is directly responsible for the symptom of ataxia. This conclusion is reinforced by the correction of the ataxia in experimental animals, by the intraventricular injection of the same amino acids, and not by the injection of other stimulants of motricity. The observed mitochondrial energy deprivation could be the metabolic consequence of major changes in the linoleic acid (18.2) composition of inner mitochondrial membrane phospholipids, such as cardiolipin. Such decreases in membrane 18:2 could be the result of interference with the normal incorporation of this fatty acid to lipoproteins and/or cell membranes. It is at this level that the search for the specific enzyme defect in Friedreich's ataxia is continuing. PMID- 6783292 TI - Increasing frequency of acute myeloid leukemia complicating Hodgkin's disease: a review. AB - Between the years 1911 and 1969, there were 16 reported cases of Hodgkin's disease terminating in acute myeloid leukemia. During the period from 1970 to 1978, the number reported was 161. Other severe complications of Hodgkin's disease (second malignancies and infections) also seem to appear with increased frequency after the introduction of modern aggressive high-energy radiation therapy and combination chemotherapy. It is thus desirable to search for alternative methods of treatment of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6783293 TI - Alteration of methylation patterns in rat liver histones following administration of ethionine, a liver carcinogen. AB - The possible role of alterations of histone methylation by ethionine in the mechanism of ethionine carcinogenesis was studied. In regenerating rat liver, histone synthesis was inhibited by only 20 to 30% with large doses of ethionine (0.75 to 1.0 mg/g body weight). The effect of ethionine on the in vivo methylation of histones was studied by giving 0.5 mg ethionine and [methyl 3H]methionine per g body weight. In vivo methylation of lysine was inhibited by 50%, whereas the arginine methylation was inhibited by 89%. The cellular localization of the methyltransferases and S-adenosyl-L-ethionine may be related to this differential effect. Utilizing an in vitro assay for protein-lysine and protein-arginine methyltransferases, we have demonstrated that the methyl deficient histones are transported to the nucleus and with time lose their ability to accept methyl groups in vitro. PMID- 6783291 TI - Reye's syndrome: a clinical review. AB - Reye's syndrome is a virus-associated biphasic disease that causes acute encephalopathy in infants and children. Epidemiologic and experimental data support the hypothesis that it is a multifactorial disease of modern civilization. Just as young patients seem to be recovering uneventfully from the first phase of the illness, usually a nonspecific viral-like illness such as a respiratory tract infection or gastroenteritis, the second phase, encephalopathy, starts unexpectedly, with vomiting and sensorial changes. Identifying the syndrome early ;in the second phase and referring the child to a specialized centre with the experience, staff and facilities to manage this phase has improved the numbers and neurologic condition of survivors, though the overall mortality is still about 20%. Therapy is primarily directed at facilitating adequate cerebral perfusion pressure. PMID- 6783295 TI - Relationship of hormones to inhibition of mammary tumor development by underfeeding during the "critical period" after carcinogen administration. AB - Seven days prior to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) administration, virgin 50-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a food-restricted diet and continued on this regimen until 30 days after DMBA injection. One day prior to and 7 days after DMBA administration, animals were given daily 0.1-ml s.c. injections of 0.9% NaCl solution (controls), haloperidol (HAL; 0.5 mg/kg) to increase prolactin secretion, growth hormone (GH; 0.5 mg/kg), estradiol benzoate (EB; 1 microgram/rat), or a combination of HAL, EB, and GH. Drug and hormone treatments were terminated after 8 days, but underfeeding continued for 30 days after DMBA administration, after which time all animals were placed on ad libitum feeding for the remainder of the 26-week experiment. Food restriction for 7 days prior to and 30 days after DMBA administration resulted in a significant reduction in average tumor number and size by the end of the 26-week experiment. Treatment for 8 days with EB produced a significant increase in mammary tumor incidence despite underfeeding, whereas underfed rats given the combination of HAL EB, and GH showed development and growth of mammary tumors equal to that of full-fed controls. Both EB and HAL significantly raised blood prolactin levels. GH alone had no apparent effect on mammary tumor incidence. These results indicate that reduced food intake during the "critical period" for induction of mammary tumors in rats by DMBA can produce inhibition of mammary tumor development throughout the 6-month period of this experiment and that administration of EB or the combination of EB, HAL, and GH for only 8 days can counteract the inhibition by underfeeding. PMID- 6783294 TI - Antitumor activities and estrogen receptor interactions of the metabolites of the antiestrogens C1628 and U23,469 in the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor system. PMID- 6783296 TI - Phase I and pharmacological studies of pentamethylmelamine administered by 24 hour intravenous infusion. AB - A Phase I study of pentamethylmelamine (PMM) was conducted, administering the drug as a 24-hr i.v. infusion once weekly for 3 weeks. Doses ranged from 80 to 3000 mg/sq m/week. Twenty-six evaluable patients received a total of 30 courses of PMM. The median performance status of the patients was 60% (range, 40 to 90%), and the median age was 58 years (range, 43 to 72 years). The highest tolerated dose was 2000 mb/sq m/week. Nausea and vomiting were the dose-limiting toxicities; myelosuppression was neither consistent nor severe. One objective response lasting 10 months was noted in a patient with renal cancer. Pharmacokinetic studies using [ring-14C]PMM demonstrated a postinfusion half-life of 14C of approximately 12 hr, with the majority of the radiolabel excreted in the urine. PMM was introduced as a parenteral form of hexamethylmelamine. The present schedule does not permit administration of PMM in a dose greater than the tolerated dose of hexamethylmelamine and does not appear to offer an advantage over the p.o. use of the parent compound. PMID- 6783297 TI - Metabolism of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and 7-hydroxymethyl-12 methylbenz(a)anthracene by rat liver and microsomes. AB - The metabolism of 7,12-[14C]dimethylbenz(a)anthracene ([14C]DMBA) and 7-[7-CH2 3H]hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz(a)anthracene ([7-CH2-3H]7-OHM-12-BMA) by rat liver nuclei and microsomes was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography. DMBA and 7-OHM-12-MBA are metabolized at methyl group(s) and at the aromatic ring carbons to form trans-dihyrodiols at positions 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10,11 and phenols at positions 2, 3, and 4 by both nuclear and microsomal enzymes. Both nuclear and microsomal monooxygenase enzyme activities were inducible by pretreatment of the animals with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. The rates of formation of all metabolites by microsomes were five- to 20-fold higher than those by nuclei in metabolizing DMBA or 7-OHM-12-MBA. The presence of a hydroxyl group at the 7-methyl position of DMBA markedly decreased the rate of metabolism. The rate of total metabolism of 7-OHM-12-MBA was only 20 to 70% of that of DMBA under identical in vitro incubation conditions. The 3-methylcholanthrene- and phenobarbital-induced enzymes showed a significantly different regioselectivity toward the metabolism of DMBA or 7-OHM-12-MBA and are attributed to different forms of cytochrome P-450 present in the enzyme preparations. PMID- 6783298 TI - Evaluation of combinations of drugs that inhibit Ehrlich tumor cell ribonucleotide reductase. AB - The nature of the inhibition of Ehrlich tumor cell ribonucleotide reductase by combinations of agents directed at the non-heme iron-containing component and the effector-binding component was studied with the use of isobolograms. From these studies, it was determined that the combinations of pyrazoloimidazole (IMPY) and dialdehyde of inosine, IMPY and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP), IMPY and deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP), and IMPY and deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) gave synergistic inhibition of cytidine diphosphate reductase. The combination of dATP and dGTP also gave synergistic inhibition. The combinations of hydroxyurea and IMPY, 4-methyl-5-aminoisoquinoline thiosemicarbazone (MAIQ) and IMPY, and dialdehyde of inosine and dialdehyde derivative of 5'-deoxyinosine gave antagonistic inhibition. Other combinations utilizing MAIQ and dATP, MAIQ and dGTP, MAIQ and dTTP, hydroxyurea and dGTP, and hydroxyurea and dTTP gave inhibition which was additive. PMID- 6783299 TI - Carcinogen-induced drug resistance in rat hepatocytes. AB - The relative resistance of liver cells in primary monolayer cell culture to the cytocidal effects of methotrexate, Adriamycin, cycloheximide, or aflatoxin B1 was studied using cells derived from normal rats, rats subjected to two-thirds hepatectomy, or rat fed dietary carcinogen. Normal rat liver cells were highly sensitive to the toxic effects of methotrexate. Adriamycin, cycloheximide, and aflatoxin B1. In contrast, liver cells from carcinogen-treated rats were resistant to the toxic effects of these agents. Cells derived from rats at 24 hr post two-thirds hepatectomy were sensitive to Adriamycin but not to cycloheximide or aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6783300 TI - Recovery of transformed nodule and ductal mammary cells from carcinogen-treated C57BL mice. AB - Transformed nodule and ductal mammary cells were recovered by cell dissociation and transplantation of mammary cells from C57BL/Crgl mice treated with 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Four-week-old mice were divided into the following groups: Group A, not treated; Group B, 2 pituitary isografts under the kidney capsule; Group C, 1.0 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene intragastrically at 5 and 6 weeks of age; and Group D, 2 pituitary isografts and 1.0 mg 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene intragastrically at 5 and 6 weeks of age. At 10, 14, 18, and 22 weeks of age, the mammary glands were enzymatically dissociated, and 10(5) cells were injected into the gland-free mammary fat pads of 3-week-old syngeneic mice. After 10 weeks, the outgrowths were examined and classified as ductal, ductal dysplasia, or hyperplastic alveolar nodule. Ductal dysplasias and hyperplastic alveolar nodule outgrowths were recovered from carcinogen-treated mice. Pituitary isografting enhanced the recovery of ductal dysplasia. Five serially transplanted dysplastic outgrowth lines were established and are their fifty and sixth transplant generations. The data demonstrate that transformed mammary gland cells can be removed from carcinogen-treated mice by means of cell dissociation and transplantation. PMID- 6783301 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase-dependent cooxidation of (+/-)-benzo(a)pyrene-7,8 dihydrodiol by human lung and other mammalian tissues. PMID- 6783302 TI - Diamine oxidase activity in regenerating rat liver and in 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced and Yoshida AH 130 hepatomas. AB - Diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity, measured as delta 1-[14C]pyrroline formation from [14C]putrescine, was studied in homogenates of regenerating liver and of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced by Yoshida AH 130 hepatomas of rat. The addition in the incubation medium of acetaldehyde increased delta 1-pyrroline formation in normal and regenerating liver that contained aldehyde dehydrogenase but not in hepatomas where this enzymatic activity was very low or virtually absent. Acetaldehyde did not modify the activity of a preparation of hog kidney diamine oxidase, while chloral hydrate and disulfiram, respectively, enhanced and depressed the activity of this enzyme. These results suggest that aldehyde metabolizing enzymes present in homogenate may interfere with the amount of delta 1-pyrroline formation and that the use of acetaldehyde may give better information on tissue diamine oxidase activity. Diamine oxidase activity, which was very low in normal liver, increased rapidly in regenerating liver and reached maximum values between 16 and 48 hr after hepatectomy. A large increase in diamine oxidase activity, as compared to the values of normal liver, was also observed in 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and Yoshida ascites hepatomas. PMID- 6783303 TI - A review of the United States clinical experience of the fluoropyrimidine, ftorafur (NSC-148958). PMID- 6783304 TI - Current status of hemodynamic monitoring: indication, diagnoses, complications. AB - Indications for hemodynamic monitoring include the need to assess left ventricular function, to estimate patient prognosis, to monitor cardiac performance, to study the cardiac response to drugs, to evaluate new methods of treatment, and to diagnose and treat cardiac dysrhythmias. Diagnoses which may be made or clinically facilitated include cardiogenic shock, hypovolemic shock, right ventricular infarction, ruptured ventricular septum, mitral regurgitation, low cardiac output syndrome, cardiac tamponade, and pulmonary embolism. Potential complications of hemodynamic monitoring include dysrhythmias, balloon rupture, knotting of the catheter, pulmonary infarction, pulmonary artery rupture, infection, and deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6783305 TI - Comparative effects of vasodilator drugs on large and small coronary resistance vessels in the dog. AB - One of the mechanisms whereby nitroglycerin is considered to reduce myocardial ischaemia and spasm is its preferential reduction of resistance of large compared with small coronary arteries. Accordingly, the action of nitroglycerin on these two resistance beds was compared with newer coronary vasodilator drugs. Following intracoronary administration of boluses of each drug, large and small vessel coronary resistance was measured in 14 dogs by recording the pressure drop across each vascular bed while flow was held constant. The dose of each drug was given to reduce small vessel resistance by 30% (range means 27 to 32%) which peaked at 5 to 10 s and declined to 8 to 18% at 1 min when reduction in large vessel resistance was at its maximum. At 1 min the large vessel resistance was decreased 56 +/- 5% by nitroglycerin, 23 +/- 5% by nitroprusside, 8 +/- 4% by perhexiline, 0 +/- 5% by verapamil and increased 8 +/- 5% by nifedipine. Nitroprusside reduced the large vessel resistance significantly less than nitroglycerin (P < 0.001) for an equivalent reduction in small vessel resistance. Perhexiline, verapamil and nifedipine did not significantly reduce large vessel resistance and the discrepancy between these results and their antianginal and antispasm effect in humans was not apparent from these experiments. However, a suitable model of coronary spasm in the dog following ergonovine injection could not be created. PMID- 6783306 TI - Spontaneous phasic activity of isolated human coronary arteries. AB - The functional behaviour and pharmacological responses of ring segments of large coronary arteries removed from five patients undergoing cardiac transplantation were studied in vitro. All segments showed spontaneous rhythmic contractions which were markedly dependent on external calcium and were rapidly abolished in calcium-free solutions and by verapamil. The contractions were inhibited by cooling and by anoxia. Phasic activity was enhanced by increasing the external potassium concentration over the range 5 to 20 mmol.litre-1 but was abolished by 120 mmol.litre-1 potassium. Noradrenaline and ergonovine enhanced or induced phasic activity. The behaviour of human coronary arteries resembles that of the portal-mesenteric veins of many species and our results suggest that the activation mechanisms of these two tissues may be similar. PMID- 6783307 TI - Nitroglycerin causes vasodilatation within ischaemic myocardium. AB - Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin have been reported to increase collateral blood flow to ischaemic myocardium. One proposed mechanism of action is dilatation of collateral vessels. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dilatation of vessels within the ischaemic area also contributes to the increase in flow. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated in chloralose-anaesthetised dogs. Peripheral LAD pressure (PLAD) was measured distal to the occlusion. Myocardial blood flows were measured with 15 micrometers radioactive microspheres. Ischaemic bed vascular resistance was calculated as PLAD/LAD flow. After 1 h of ischaemia, nitroglycerin (2.3 micrograms . kg-1 . min 1) decreased ischaemic bed resistance by 10% when infused into the LAD, by 16% when infused into the circumflex coronary artery, and by 15% when infused via the right atrium. However, adenosine infusion (2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1) into the LAD did not decrease ischaemic bed resistance. We conclude that nitroglycerin increases collateral flow in part by dilating large coronary arteries within an acutely ischaemic area. PMID- 6783308 TI - Effects on dental caries incidence of frequent ingestion of small amounts of sugars and stannous EDTA in chewing gum. PMID- 6783309 TI - Fermentation of L-sorbose by microorganisms of the human dental plaque. PMID- 6783310 TI - Bacteriocins, effect on mammalian cells: mode of action analyzed by flow cytometry and cell sorting. PMID- 6783311 TI - [Changes in left ventricular ejection fraction and cardiac output following the sublingual use of nitroglycerine. Isotope ventriculography evaluation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783312 TI - [Non-invasive comparison of the effects of sublingual and percutaneous nitroglycerin on cardiodynamic values (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783314 TI - Sudden occlusion of a saphenous vein bypass graft relieved by direct injection of nitroglycerin. AB - An unusual case of sudden occlusion of a saphenous vein bypass graft to the right coronary artery, during a coronary angiographic study, is presented. Such occlusion was relieved by direct intragraft nitroglycerin injection, as typically happens in case of coronary arterial spasm. A possible pathogenetic mechanism, based on the present knowledge of platelet aggregation and the role of the powerful vasoactive agent Thromboxane A2, is discussed. PMID- 6783313 TI - Enzymatic and functional heterogeneity of lysosomes. AB - Applying various preparations methods regarded as optimal for histochemical localization of enzymes in unfixed tissues, the following concordant results were obtained after demonstration of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and acid beta-galactosidase activities in rat livers sampled at four typical time-points of a 24h-period (10:00, 16:00, 22:00, 04:00). 1. The lysosomes revealed with these marker enzymes differ with respect to their location within the liver lobules, their average number, size and reactivity during the 24h-period. 2. Extralysosomal activities also vary depending on the time of day. This is a normal and cytogenetically explicable event and not the consequence of an inadequate technique, and argues for a dual localization of lysosomal enzymes in the cell. 3. The chemical heterogeneity of the lysosomes and extralysosomal enzymes is obviously an expression of functionally different populations of lysosomes. In addition to the differences in location and average number, the variations in activity do not occur synchronously, but are phase-shifted. PMID- 6783315 TI - Characterization of platelet extracts before and after stimulation with respect to the possible role of profilactin as microfilament precursor. AB - The amount of profilactin in platelet extracts made in the absence of free Ca++ ions decreases and the amount of free profilin increases as a consequence of thrombin stimulation. This agrees with the proposed role of profilactin as a microfilament precursor in nonmuscle cells. Filamentous actin in extracts of unstimulated platelets appears partly in large aggregates that contain actin binding protein (ABP) and relatively few other proteins. After stimulation, the amounts of actin and ABP in the aggregates are increased and myosin is also included together with a few additional proteins. When the cells are lysed in the presence of Ca++, aggregation is drastically reduced. The data indicate that filamentous actin depolymerizes rapidly and recombines with available profilin, and that a Ca-specific interaction also occurs between actin and a new protein with molecular weight about 90,000. PMID- 6783316 TI - Analysis of a drosophila tRNA gene cluster: two tRNALeu genes contain intervening sequences. AB - A recombinant DNA phage containing a cluster of Drosophila melanogaster tRNA genes has been isolated and analyzed. The insert of this phage has been mapped by in situ hybridization to chromosomal region 50AB, a known tRNA site. Nucleotide sequencing of the entire Drosophila tRNA coding region reveals seven tRNA genes spanning 2.5 kb of chromosomal DNA. This cluster is separated from other tRNA regions on the chromosome by at least 2.7 kb on one side, and 9.6 kb on the other. Two tRNA genes are nearly identical and contain intervening sequences of length 38 and 45 bases, respectively, in the anticodon loop. These two genes are assigned to be tRNALeu genes because of significant sequence homology with yeast tRNA3Leu, and secondary structure homology with yeast tRNA3Leu intervening sequence. In addition, an 8 base sequence (AAAAUCUU) is conserved in the same location in the intervening sequences of Drosophila tRNALeu genes and a yeast tRNA3Leu gene. Similar sequenes occur in all other tRNAs containing intervening sequences. The remaining five genes are identical tRNAIle genes, which are also identical to a tRNAIle gene from chromosomal region 42A. The 5' flanking regions are only weakly homologous, but each set of isoacceptors contains short regions of strong homology approximately 20 nucleotides preceding the tRNA coding sequences: GCNTTTTG preceding tRNAIle genes; and GANTTTGG preceding tRNALeu genes. The genes are irregularly distributed on both DNA strands; spacing regions are divergent in sequence and length. PMID- 6783317 TI - B lymphocyte stimulation. PMID- 6783318 TI - Diminished cellular cytotoxicity in mice hyperimmunized prior to skin grafting. PMID- 6783319 TI - T-cell-independent activation of macrophages by viable BCG in tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6783320 TI - Lymphocyte responses of human neonates to bacterial antigens. PMID- 6783321 TI - Functional capabilities of marmoset T and B lymphocytes in primary in vitro antibody formation. PMID- 6783322 TI - Helper factor(s) augment in vitro induction of tumor-specific immunity. PMID- 6783323 TI - Induction of immunity and specific unresponsiveness in vitro by cell-bound antigen. I. Symmetry in enhancement of both responses. PMID- 6783324 TI - Stretch induces granule exocytosis in toad urinary bladder. AB - Evidence from this sections and freeze-fracture is presented showing that stretch induces a burst of exocytosis in granular cells of the toad urinary bladder epithelium. Since the role of granule exocytosis in hormonally-induced permeability changes in this tissue has not yet been clarified, we propose that the stretch factor is an important parameter to consider and standardise in future physiological and morpho-functional studies using this model transporting system. PMID- 6783325 TI - Cell surface interaction of the protozoan Gregarina with concanavalin A beads - implications for models of gregarine gliding. AB - Con A Sepharose beads can be translocated over the surface of the protozoan Gregarina and in (forward) moving gregarines, the bead may be moved backwards relative to the substrate. The speed of bead movement is not constant over the surface of the cell, but has a maximum value in the central region of the deutomerite. The mass of the individual beads used in this study was about the same order of magnitude as the mass of a gregarine, i.e. considerable force must be generated at the gregarine cell surface. The implications of these experiments to models of gregarine locomotion are considered. The close similarities between this system and flagellar surface motility of Clamydomonas studied by particle movement and gliding motility are discussed. PMID- 6783326 TI - [Acute febrile gonococcal tonsillitis--N. gonorrhoeae isolation from the tonsils (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783327 TI - [Use of the flexible bronchoscope in the collection of expired gases and their analysis with the mass spectrograph]. PMID- 6783329 TI - Coordination chemical studies on metalloenzymes. VIII. Reduction of Co(III) bovine carbonic anhydrase with L-ascorbic acid. PMID- 6783328 TI - A comparison of the effects of pretreatment with phenobarbitone and 3 methylcholanthrene on the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by rat liver microsomes and isolated hepatocytes in vitro. AB - In agreement with previous reports (Neal and Colley, Biochem. J., 174 (1978) 839; Gurtoo and Dave, Cancer Res., 35 (1975) 382) the capacity of isolated hepatic microsomes to metabolise aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is enhanced by pretreatment in vivo with phenobarbitone. Microsomes isolated from rats pretreated with 3 methylcholanthrene also exhibit increased metabolism of AFB1. The levels of metabolism are increased in proportion to the increased levels of cytochromes P 450 and P-448 indicating similar overall efficiencies of the two cytochromes to metabolise AFB1. However, the qualitative aspects of the metabolism induced by the two compounds are very different. In agreement with the previous data (Neal and Colley, Biochem J., 174 (1978) 839) the formation of aflatoxins Q1, M1 and B1 dihydrodiol are enhanced by pretreatment with phenobarbitone whereas pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene, while not affecting the production of aflatoxin Q1 and slightly lowering AFB1-dihydrodiol formation, increases the production of aflatoxin M1 greater than 10-fold. Covalent binding of AFB1 to microsomal protein in vitro is increased by pretreatment in vivo with phenobarbitone, but decreased by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. The changes in the level of protein binding in vitro brought about by these pretreatments are quantitatively similar to the relative changes in AFB1-dihydrodiol tris complex production induced by the two compounds indicating a role for this metabolite in protein binding. Covalent binding of AFB1 to DNA in vitro is also increased by pretreatment in vivo with phenobarbitone, but not by 3-methylcholanthrene and the total level of binding of AFB1 to DNA in the in vitro system is greater than binding to microsomal protein. The possible mechanisms for binding AFB1 to microsomal protein and DNA are discussed. In contrast to the microsomal incubations, only low levels of aflatoxins Q1 and M1 are present after 2 h incubation AFB1 with intact hepatocytes isolated from control, methylcholanthrene or phenobarbitone pretreated rats. Pretreatment with either phenobarbitone or 3-methylcholanthrene induces the formation of polar metabolites, presumably conjugates, emphasising the predominant role of phase 2 metabolism in intact cellular systems. PMID- 6783330 TI - [Ophthalmologic manifestations of Fabry's disease]. PMID- 6783331 TI - [A case of palpebral ariboflavinosis]. PMID- 6783332 TI - Animal toxicology for early clinical trials with anticancer agents. AB - This analysis was carried out to assess quantitative and qualitative relationships between animal and human toxicology data with anticancer drugs. Among 21 chemotherapeutic agents, one-sixth LD10 in the mouse or one-third toxic dose low (TDL) in the dog corresponded to acceptable doses in man when experimental and clinical data were obtained at identical schedules and compared on a mg/m2 basis. The mouse and the dog largely differed in their tolerance to individual drugs. One-tenth LD10 in the mouse seemed always tolerated in the dog. On the average, these species were equally relevant for establishing the initial dose in man. A similar number of dose escalation steps would have been required in phase I clinical trials if the starting dose had been based on one-tenth LD10 in the mouse or the lowest value of one-sixth LD10 in the mouse and one-third TDL in the dog. These observations indicate that the starting dose in phase I clinical trials could be safely and efficiently based on one-tenth LD10 in the mouse. Prior verification that the resulting dose is not lethal or life threatening in the dog could add further safety to this procedure. The predictive value (PV+) in man of organ system toxicity in animals depends upon the prevalence of this toxicity in man. In our study, PV+ was high (greater than 0.85) for common toxic effects in man, i.e., gastrointestinal intolerance and myelosuppression. PV+ declined dramatically (0.05 to 0.54) with rarer toxic manifestations. There was no clear superiority of animal findings over the mere knowledge of the prevalence of these findings in man. Thus, it would appear that routine and undiscerned investigation of organ system toxicity in animals is of questionable usefulness for the clinician experienced in early clinical trials with chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6783334 TI - [Importance of the parameters of temperature and natural light on stability of 2 types of L(+) lactate:cytochrome oxidoreductases (cytochromes b2) extracted from Hansenula anomala yeast]. AB - In this communication, we present the effect of two parameters, temperature and daylight-at high ionic strength-on the stability of H-flavocytochrome b2 solutions prepared using [H-flavocytochrome b2 (S) or not [H-flavocytochrome b2 (n) n-butanol during extraction. These two enzyme preparations presented the same behaviour towards these two parameters: in the dark, temperature was critical; in daylight, an opposite effect was observed for this parameter: the stability of samples was smaller at 0 degrees C. However, the evolution of life of the classical kinetic parameters (Km and Vm) of the enzymatic reaction is presented for three samples of H-flavocytochrome b2 (n) or (s) exposed to daylight at 20 +/ 0,1 degrees C. PMID- 6783333 TI - A perspective on malaria vaccines. AB - The data obtained with adjuvant-antigen vaccines against asexual malaria parasites in different host-parasite systems are reviewed. From these data the problems associated with antimalarial vaccine development and testing are considered. The requirement for an adjuvant to induce immunity and the type of adjuvant required depends primarily on the host. Since the immune response of man to malaria vaccines is unknown, it is impossible to predict which animal infection is most likely to be a faithful model of malaria in man although it is generally assumed that the monkey is the most appropriate analogue. Therefore careful studies of the immune response of monkeys to purified malarial antigens are needed to develop vaccines for testing in man. PMID- 6783335 TI - [Production of a mastocyte growth factor in lymphocyte cultures stimulated by a mitogen or by allogenic cells]. AB - Supernatants from mouse spleen leukocytes stimulated by concanavalin A or from a secondary MLC between donor and recipient of a skin allograft can induce in bone marrow cells an exponential growth of mononuclear cells with cytoplasmic basophilic granules. These cells can be maintained in liquid suspension culture for up to 6 months. They lack the properties of T or b lymphocytes, monocytes or macrophages. They have the morphological features of mast cells or basophils; the cytoplasmic granules are metachromatic for toluidine blue, alcian blue-positive at pH 0.3 and contain histamine. In addition, these cells bind monoclonal mouse IgE. They may be considered as cells of the basophil-mast cell lineage. PMID- 6783336 TI - [Characterization of viral RNA in Friend tumor cells having lost their capacity to produce viral particles]. AB - Cytoplasmic RNA from Friend tumoral cells which had lost their ability to produce viral particles was analyzed for its viralRNA content. A major 32S RNA corresponding to the genome of the defective SFFV virus was detected by hybridization with a synthetic DNA complementary to the Rauscher virus genome. Very low amounts of a 34S species were also found. No 38S RNA with the size of the helper virus genome was present in the cells. It was concluded that the cessation of virus production resulted from a disappearance of the helper provirus from these cells or from a block in the transcriptional process of this provirus. PMID- 6783337 TI - [Apparent transitory hyperthyrotropinemia of mothers and newborn infants related to the presence of maternal immunoglobulins]. AB - Some newborns infants (screened for congenital hypothyroidism) and their mothers were found to present an apparent isolated hyperthyrotropinemia. A large molecular size material (150 000 dalton) was found to carry the apparent immunoreactivity and was characterized as immunoglobulins, capable of binding TSH as well as Rabbit IgG. These maternal immunoglobulins are passively transferred to the newborn infants and interfere in various radioimmunoassays. PMID- 6783338 TI - [Inhibition of the preovulatory secretion of gonadotropins by prolactin in rats seems to depend on the strain used]. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of Rat Prolactin to cyclic female Rats results in preovulatory changes which depend on the strain of animals. Specifically, preovulatory surges of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were suppressed in Sprague-Dawley Rats while delayed but enhanced preovulatory surges of both gonadotropins were observed in Wistar strain. PMID- 6783339 TI - [Temporal oscillations in a structured enzymatic medium. Vectorial transport with space-time oscillations Analytic study]. AB - An analytical diffusion-reaction model of chemical time-oscillations is obtained with two Michaelian enzymes and boundaries selectively open to H+ or OH- ions. One reaction produces, and the other one consumes H+ ions. During a half oscillation the high reaction rate is progressively equalled by the rate of diffusion, the substrate is consumed and diffusion through the boundaries brings the pH back toward its original value. Asymmetrical selectivities on the boundaries lead to a new "time oscillatory vectorial transport model". PMID- 6783340 TI - [Analysis of the stability and local cooperativity of DNA: proposal of a molecular mechanism for the initiation of the transcription of gene A3 of bacteriophage T7 by the RNA polymerase from E. coli]. AB - RNA polymerase (RNAP) complexed to the A3 promoter of bacteriophage T7 is known to unwind a DNA segment located downstream of the Pribnow box. This finding can be accounted for if it is assumed that the subunit sigma of RNAP unstabilizes three GC base pairs located just upstream of the transcription start. As a consequence, the rate of promoter utilisation might be related to the relative stability of the DNA between the "Pribnow box" and the transcription start. PMID- 6783341 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopic localization of the centriolar zone in cultured human cells]. AB - Centriolar area of human cells in culture was stained and observed by coupling immunoperoxidase technique and the use of Rabbit natural antibody. This staining showed a component which appears mainly as granular pericentriolar muffs in continuity with lateral projections similar to the satellites which have been described in conventional electron microscopy. PMID- 6783342 TI - [Electrophysiological responses of neurons of the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus to cutaneous and articular stimulation in rats with inflammatory polyarthritis]. AB - Spontaneous and evoked activities of neurons recorded in the ventrobasal thalamic complex of polyarthritis Rats differ from those recorded in normal Rats. More than 1/3 of them displayed spontaneous paroxystic long discharges. Numerous neurons (41%) were excited by joint movement with responses showing very long after-discharges. Some of the responses elicited by light cutaneous stimuli were of the "lemniscal" type. Other ones displayed large bilateral receptive fields, located on inflammatory areas and showed long after-discharges. Only a few neurons were exclusively activated by intense cutaneous stimuli, contrasting with the higher cumulis in normal animals. PMID- 6783343 TI - [A biochemical mechanism for the epigenesis of the neuromuscular junction]. AB - A biochemical mechanism, expressed as a system of diffusion equations with non linear coupling on the muscle membrane, quantitatively accounts for the development of the neuromuscular junction and for the epigenetic dependence on the afferent multimessages of the focal and distributed synaptic topologies. PMID- 6783344 TI - Effects of calcium and its antagonists on the canine mesenteric circulation. AB - We studied circulatory and metabolic responses of the intestinal circulation to intraarterial infusions of solutions containing calcium chloride or calcium antagonists in anesthetized dogs. Measurements included blood flow to the terminal ileum, arteriovenous oxygen content difference, distribution of radiolabeled microspheres to the mucosal-submucosal compartment and intraluminal pressure. Calculated parameters included oxygen consumption and fractional mucosal-submucosal blood flow. Both calcium antagonists, nifedipine and diltiazem, increased intestinal blood flow, mainly to the mucosa-submucosa, depressed intestinal motility, and did not change oxygen consumption. Thus, both agents appear to act mainly on resistance vessels without increasing the nutrient circulation. Calcium chloride (1.0-500.0 microgram/kg per min) had a mild constrictor effect; at a dose of 1000.0 microgram/kg per min, calcium chloride became a dilator agent in the mesenteric circulation. The dilator effect of the highest dose of calcium was reversed by digoxin, suggesting the involvement of Na+,K+-ATPase. Nifedipine completely blocked calcium-induced constriction of the intestinal circulation and partly inhibited norepinephrine-induced constriction. Studies on isolated mesenteric arterial smooth muscle revealed that nifedipine relaxed KCl-contracted strips in the presence of external calcium and relaxed norepinephrine-contracted strips in both the presence and absence of external calcium. These in vitro findings suggest that calcium antagonists interfere with the release of calcium from intracellular sites as well as with the slow inward current of calcium. PMID- 6783346 TI - Inhibition of allergen-induced asthma by three forms of sodium cromoglycate. AB - The effect of three forms of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), 20 mg, on allergen induced early asthmatic responses was examined in ten stable asthmatics. Dose response allergen inhalation tests were performed on five occasions at intervals of from 1 to 2 weeks to determine the provocation concentration producing a 20% reduction (PC20 allergen) in FEV1. Placebo was given before the first and the last tests to determine the reproducibility of responses to allergen over the study period; reduced responsiveness was observed in eight of the ten subjects. Major changes in levels of specific serum antibodies of the IgE and IgG classes did not serve to explain the changes in bronchial responses although there was a trend which suggested IgG-related desensitization. The observed changes in bronchial responses and antibody levels illustrate the requirement for tests of reproducibility of responses by the use of placebo controls at the beginning and end of a series of allergen inhalation challenges. SCG as (i) a micronized powder with lactose, (ii) micropellets without lactose, or (iii) an aerosol, were inhaled double-blind, in random order, 5 min before the additional three allergen inhalation tests. PC20 allergen was reduced following SCG in seven subjects; the differences were statistically significant for the group. There was no observed difference in efficacy between the different forms of SCG. In this study, the efficacy of SCG could not be related to age, atopic status, the initial level of allergen-specific IgE antibody, baseline FEV1, level of bronchial responsiveness to inhaled histamine or an effect of SCG on responsiveness to histamine. PMID- 6783345 TI - Flow-cytometric analysis of human basophil degranulation. II. Degranulation induced by anti-IgE, anti-IgG4 and the calcium ionophore A23187. AB - Quantification of human basophil degranulation induced by anti-IgE, anti-IgG4, and by ionophore was performed using a flow-cytometric system. It was shown that these antibodies and ionophore can degranulate basophils in a dose-dependent manner, and that there is a wide variation in the response of basophils obtained from different individuals to these stimuli. A significant correlation was observed between the degree of degranulation induced by anti-IgE and anti-IgG4, while this was not the case for anti-IgE and ionophore. It was also shown that IgG4 myeloma protein can passively sensitive basophils. In general, degranulating efficacy was in the order of ionophore greater than anti-IgE greater than anti IgG4, both in allergic and non-allergic individuals. PMID- 6783347 TI - Effect of some commonly prescribed drugs on certain chemistry tests. AB - Of the 44 commonly prescribed drugs listed only ascorbic acid, at the upper end of its therapeutic range, significantly affected any (glucose, uric acid) of the twenty-three more frequently requested tests measured in the clinical chemistry laboratory. Acetaminophen, acetylsalicylic acid, ascorbic acid, nitrofurantoin, methyldopa and tetracycline at five times the upper end of their therapeutic ranges individually produced consistently significant effects on one or more of the following tests: glucose, bilirubin, carbon dioxide, calcium, cholesterol, uric acid and aspartate aminotransferase. When drugs are added to lyophilized human serum and to fresh human serum in similar concentrations, their effects on clinical chemistry tests performed on these two different sera are not always the same. PMID- 6783349 TI - Bromocriptine suppresses the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone during human pregnancy. AB - Thyrotrophin (TSH) responses to 200 microgram of intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in fifteen healthy women in normal early pregnancy before and at the end of a bromocriptine treatment of 5.0-7.5 mg daily for 1-2 weeks. Bromocriptine did not change the basal levels of TSH, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) during pregnancy. Before the start of bromocriptine, TRH caused a significant TSH elevation from 12.8 +/- 0.5 muu/ml (mean +/- SE) to 21.2 +/- 1.9 muu/ml after 20 min. During bromocriptine intake, TRH caused a TSH elevation from 11.9 +/- 0.4 muu/ml to only 15.5 +/- 1.1 muu/ml which is significantly less (P less than 0.001) than before bromocriptine. Similarly, the mean maximal TSH increment of 8.4 +/- 1.5 muu/ml before bromocriptine was greater (P less than 0.001) than that of 3.8 +/- 60 muu/ml during bromocriptine intake. When women were retested with TRH before and during bromocriptine after legal abortion, bromocriptine did not change the basal levels of TSH, T3 and T4 or the TSH response to TRH. Therefore, the TSH inhibition caused by bromocriptine is specifically related to the pregnancy itself, but the mechanism for this inhibition remains unknown. PMID- 6783348 TI - Direct determination of plasma fibrinogen levels by heat precipitation. A comparison of the technique against thrombin clottable fibrinogen with spectrophotometry and radial immuno-diffusion. AB - We have studied the Thorp method for precipitation of fibrinogen from diluted plasma, using a specific buffer (pH 6.3) at 56 degrees C, and the preferred anticoagulant (EDTA). Nephelometric or turbidimetric measurements of the precipitate were compared with the results obtained by radial immunodiffusion, or by thrombin clotting, of fibrinogen. In the absence of prior proteolysis (as indicated by the presence of fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products), correlations between the methods were excellent (r > 0.99). We conclude that the method of heat precipitation, which is simple to operate and inexpensive, gives results equally as good as the more difficult and time-consuming techniques. PMID- 6783350 TI - [Studies on TBG measurement with radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783351 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of IMMOPHASE TBG RIA kit (Corning) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783352 TI - Diabetic emergencies: practical aspects of the management of diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetes during surgery. PMID- 6783353 TI - Sperm-immobilizing monoclonal antibody to human seminal plasma antigens. AB - Rat spleen cells immunized to human azoospermic semen (a mixture of seminal plasma components) and mouse myeloma cells (P3/X63 Ag8U1; P3U1) (Marguilies et al., 1976) were successfully fused with polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500) and 19 of 89 fused cell cultures were found to produce sperm-immobilizing antibody. The cells that produced antibody indicating the highest sperm-immobilizing activity were distributed into wells for further recloning and 10 clones producing sperm immobilizing antibody were established. The clone (1C4) producing the highest antibody titre was found to produce a large amount of IgG in culture supernatants and to contain a mixture of rat and mouse chromosomes. It was proved by immunodiffusion test that the monoclonal antibody was produced to the human seminal plasma antigen No. 7 which is common to human milk protein. Using this hybridoma which produced a large amount of monoclonal sperm-immobilizing antibody, a new method could be developed for purifying human seminal plasma antigen by immunoaffinity chromatography with bound antibody from the hybridoma. PMID- 6783354 TI - Phosphorylation of deoxyguanosine by B and T lymphocytes: evidence against selective trapping of deoxyguanosine by T lymphocytes in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. AB - T and B lymphocytes from blood and tonsils, as well as T and B lymphoid cell lines, phosphorylate deoxyguanosine which is probably the major toxic metabolite in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency. T and B cells also have similar activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. These findings indicate that the selective T cell defect in patients with PNP deficiency is unlikely to be due to a selective 'trapping' of deoxyguanosine by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6783355 TI - Synthesis of abnormal heavy and light chains in multiple myeloma with visceral deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulin. AB - In a patient treated for IgA kappa myeloma, bone marrow relapse and a sharp drop in the serum IgA level paralleled tissue deposition of non-amyloid material reactive with anti-kappa anti-alpha sera in immunofluorescence studies of kidney and liver biopsies. Clinical manifestations were progressive renal failure with nephrotic syndrome, with both tubular and glomerular lesions (including nodular glomerulosclerosis), hepatomegaly, cardiac and neurological symptoms. Biosynthesis experiments showed the production of alpha chains diminished in length by about one domain which were rapidly degraded predominantly after secretion and of two species of light chains; normal-sized light chains which assembled with alpha chains and abnormally short ones which were secreted as free light chains. The apparent molecular weight of the light chains was larger in secretions than in cytoplasmic extracts, suggesting their glycosylation. These results suggest a causal relationship between tissue deposition and production of abnormal immunoglobulins by a variant clone, the emergence of which was possibly induced by Melphalan therapy. PMID- 6783356 TI - Plasma cell myeloma, hyperviscosity and amyloidosis associated with a serum IgG3 lambda and urinary excretion of two fragments related to the variable portion of lambda light chains. PMID- 6783357 TI - Glomerular deposition of antihemophilic factor antigen in various renal diseases. AB - Glomerular localization of antihemophilic factor (AHF, Factor VIII) antigen was studied by immunofluorescent microscopy in 114 diseased and in 3 normal kidneys. Deposition of AHF was detected in the endothelial cells of glomeruli and in blood vessels in renal tissues. These deposits were not eluted by acid buffer treatment. In the group with minimal change nephrotic syndrome and in some cases of proliferative glomerulonephritis, deposition of AHF was limited to the endothelial cells. In cases of the nephrotic syndrome with proliferative changes, deposits were confined to endothelial cells but were increased because of proliferation and/or swelling of the endothelial cells. In some cases of IgA glomerulonephritis, membranous glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis, deposition of AHF was detected not only in the glomerular endothelial cells but also in the immune deposits. However, after acid buffer treatment, it remained only in the endothelial cells. In other cases of membranous glomerulonephritis (7/9), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (5/8), lupus nephritis (5/14) and Henoch-Schonlein nephritis (1/3), deposits of AHF were confined to the immune deposits. These findings suggest that deposition of AHF is closely related to the immune reaction, and that functional impairment of endothelial cells may occur in some cases with massive immune deposits along the glomerular capillary walls. The glomerular endothelial cells may be affected by massive immune complexes that pass through the endothelial fenestrae or cytoplasm and remain in the glomerular basement membrane for a long time. PMID- 6783359 TI - Metabolic control of diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 6783358 TI - Estrogen replacement therapy. PMID- 6783360 TI - The investigation and treatment of germ cell tumours of the testis. AB - Fifty-five per cent of patients presenting with testicular tumours in 1973--78 had teratomata. A history of undescended testis was only found in patients with seminoma. The right testis was the more frequent site of the primary. Radiation doses of 3400 cGy (rad) in 20 fractions for seminoma and 4500 cGy in 25 fractions for teratoma were well tolerated and sterilised microscopic disease in the majority of patients. Forty-two of 44 seminoma patients are alive and free from disease at a median follow-up of three years. Only 15 of 22 Stage I teratoma patients remain disease free, however. A combination of vinblastine and bleomycin produced 12 complete remissions in 30 patients with metastatic teratoma. Survival was significantly longer for patients achieving complete remission. Although six of the complete responders remain alive, only three are in their initial complete remission. Alpha-foeto-protein and/or beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotrophin levels were elevated in almost all cases of advanced teratoma. The biological half-life of alpha-foeto-protein in the serum is less than six days. The value of these markers in predicting relapse was limited in this series. The doubling of complete response rate in metastatic teratomata that can be achieved by adding cis-platinum to the vinblastine/bleomycin combination, together with the propensity for extranodal metastasis shown by testicular teratomata, suggest that adjuvant chemotherapy should be explored in early disease. PMID- 6783361 TI - Radiotherapy of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck. AB - The purpose of this study is to report the results of megavoltage irradiation in 23 previously unreported cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck. It has been found that 3500 cGy (rad) in three weeks provides good local control of disease with minimal morbidity and a significant proportion do not go on to multiple myeloma. Prognostic factors of significance with respect to subsequent development of multiple myeloma include site and presence or absence of bone destruction. The presence or absence of an M protein peak appears to be of no significance. PMID- 6783362 TI - Pseudostone at ERCP due to juxtapapillary diverticulum. AB - Juxtapapillary diverticula of the duodenum are often encountered at endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography (ERCP) and their presence causes a prominent "pseudostone" appearance on the retrograde cholangiogram in many patients with otherwise normal, i.e. stone-free, ducts. This may lead to inappropriate surgery if not recognised. PMID- 6783363 TI - A study of the efficacy of noxytiolin instillation as adjunctive to radiotherapy in carcinoma of the bladder: a clinical trial. AB - A prospective study was conducted to establish efficacy or otherwise of Noxytiolin (N-hydroxymethyl-N-methylthiorea) instilled concurrently with radical radiotherapy in bladder carcinoma, a previous pilot study having indicated an improved survival rate. A total of 242 patients participated in the trial. The four-year survival figures were compared and it is concluded that there was no significant difference between the controls and those patients treated with Noxytiolin. PMID- 6783364 TI - 'Lost to follow-up': reasons for discontinued surveillance in a follow-up register. Scottish automated follow-up register group. PMID- 6783365 TI - Novel phenomena arising from the use of acetylcholinesterase inhibiting insecticides against human head lice. PMID- 6783367 TI - Perioperative management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6783366 TI - Effects of anesthesia and surgery on thyroid function. PMID- 6783368 TI - Effects of evoked spike-wave discharges upon short term memory in patients with epilepsy. AB - Memory for digits was examined during EEG examination in five female children suffering from light sensitive epilepsy. Sequences of random digits equal to the patients' digit span, span-less-one and span-less-two were presented, followed by a 2 sec. interval, after which recall of the digits was required. The 2 sec. interval could be filled in any of four possible ways by: a burst of photic stimulation which evoked a paroxysm of generalised spike-wave in the EEG; a burst of slow (3 Hz) photic stimulation having no discernible effect upon the EEG; a burst of fast (30 Hz) stimulation, again having no observable effect; or a period of silence with no photic stimulation. It was found that recall of digits series of all three lengths was impaired if a paroxysm of spike-wave had been generated between the end of presentation and the beginning of recall. There were no significant differences in correctness of recall when the slow, fast and no stimulation photic conditions were compared. It was found that the last two digits in the digit span were more vulnerable to recall failure than were the first two. On the basis of recent work in human experimental psychology, the initial and final digit pairs appear to be retrieved from functionally different storage systems. It is tentatively suggested therefore, that since different parts of the digit span are dislocated to different extents by spike-wave activity, they may depend upon different neural substrates. PMID- 6783369 TI - Factors affecting heated transcutaneous PO2 and unheated transcutaneous PO2 in preterm infants. AB - The authors evaluated transcutaneous PCO2 (PtcCO2) and PO2 (PtcO2) electrodes in 25 infants. Their diagnosis were severe hyaline membrane disease (HMD) (18), aspiration syndrome (3), severe hydrops, (3) persistent fetal circulation (6), and the others, congenital pneumonia, congenital plural effusion, pulmonary hemorrhage. In most all, the cardiovascular system was compromised, i.e., PDA with congestive heart failure and shock. PtcO2 electrode was heated to 43.5 degrees C while PtcCO2 electrode was not heated. Simultaneous arterial blood pressure (ABP), pH, arterial blood gases were obtained with the transcutaneous gas measurements. The data were analyzed first dividing all the paired arterial and transcutaneous gas tensions into those with and without cardiovascular drugs (dopamine, isoproterenol), and second, the paired values were divided into those taken (a) during severe acidosis (pH less than 7.25), (b) hypotension (less than 2 SD) of normal, and (c) hypotension and acidosis. These data show: (1) the unheated PtcCO2 and heated PtcO2 accurately correlated with the simultaneous arterial measurements: (2) PtcCO2 reflects tissue PCO2; (3) drugs affect both the PtcCO2 and PtcO2; (4) elevated PtcCO2 dissociating from the simultaneous PaCO2 in neonates with cardiovascular compromise results from decreased tissue perfusion. These data suggest that transcutaneous gas sensors perform dual functions; first, as gas monitors in patients without cardiovascular alterations, and second, in patients with cardiovascular compromise, PtcCO2 reflected tissue perfusion and PtcCO2 monitored oxygen delivery to the tissues. PMID- 6783370 TI - [Forming press for one-third tubular plates in the care of outer malleolus fracture]. PMID- 6783371 TI - [Multiple internal intestinal fistulae. Three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783372 TI - [Subacute poisoning of pigs and ducks by aflatoxin B1 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783373 TI - [The relationship between Aspergillus flavus contamination inside or outside the corn grains and aflatoxin B1 content in corn (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783374 TI - Comparison of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide treatment of maturity-onset diabetes: control assessed by fasting plasma glucose concentrations. AB - Twelve maturity-onset diabetic subjects were treated with chlorpropamide once daily, glibenclamide once daily, or glibenclamide twice daily in a crossover design study. Doses were increased until the fasting blood glucose concentrations became less than 6 mmol/L (108 mg/dl), at which time the patients were admitted for a 24-h study period. There was little difference between the plasma glucose and insulin responses to chlorpropamide or glibenclamide given twice daily (mean doses 489 and 11 mg/day, respectively). When glibenclamide was given once daily (mean dose 9 mg/day), similar plasma glucose concentrations during the day were obtained with slightly higher plasma glucose concentrations during the night. Four patients had chlorpropamide-induced flushing with alcohol, and six patients had postprandial hypoglycemia on glibenclamide. Chlorpropamide once daily or glibenclamide twice daily are suitable for control based on fasting blood glucose measurements. PMID- 6783376 TI - [Mutagenic action of O-methylhydroxylamine on transforming DNA]. PMID- 6783375 TI - [Expression of light-chain immunoglobulin allelic genes in hybrid lymphoid cells]. PMID- 6783377 TI - Pharmacokinetics and ecodisposition of polyhalogenated hydrocarbons: aspects and concepts. PMID- 6783379 TI - [Current status of pancreatic islet transplantation]. PMID- 6783378 TI - Biotransformation of xenobiotics in Drosophila melanogaster and its relevance for mutagenicity testing. AB - Biotransformation of lipophilic xenobiotics may lead to formation of reactive intermediates which can give rise to irreversible toxic events such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, teratogenesis, and tissue necrosis. In recent years considerable attention has been paid to the problem of testing for these effects. Short-term mutagenicity tests have been shown to have value for predicting the occurrence of delayed toxic effects in mammals following administration of indirectly acting harmful xenobiotics. In any test system the capacity to bioactivate the compound under test is a necessary prerequisite, and in most short-term test assays this is provided for by adding a metabolic activation system generally consisting of the 9,000 g supernatant fraction of a rat liver homogenate supplied with cofactors. The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster constitutes an organism well-suited for mutagenicity testing, and it was shown that a number of precarcinogens evoke mutagenic effects in this species. Thus Drosophila is apparently able to metabolize xenobiotics to reactive intermediates, which in turn induce mutagenicity. However, knowledge about the presence and characteristics of the xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes involved is lacking. Since knowledge of these enzymes contributes to the evaluation and interpretation of observed mutagenic events, this paper described studies concerning some important xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes of Drosophila. Files were homogenized and subcellular fractions were investigated with respect to enzymatic activities. It was possible to demonstrate cytochrome P-450 and some related mixed-function oxidase activities. Cytochrome b5, epoxide hydrolase, and glutathione S-transferase are also present, while preliminary experiments suggest the presence of UDP-glucosyltransferase and phosphotransferase activities. The enzymes which have been found are discussed with respect to their similarities with rat liver enzymes and their relevance for mutagenicity testing with Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6783380 TI - [An unusual case of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6783382 TI - [Coronary spasm. Clinical significance and therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 6783381 TI - [Treatment of non-toxic goitre: results of combined treatment with 100 micrograms L-thyroxine and 10 microgram L-triiodothyronine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783383 TI - [Growth stimulating effect of salinomycine in breeding and fattening of pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783384 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis or hepatitis C?]. PMID- 6783385 TI - [Tracheobronchopathia chondro-osteoblastica]. PMID- 6783386 TI - [Treatment of secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 6783387 TI - Gram-negative rod bacteria as a cause of acute otitis media in children. PMID- 6783388 TI - Interrelationships of blood glucose, cortisol, insulin and albumin in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6783389 TI - Loss of differentiative potential of the mammary gland in ovariectomized mice: identification of a biochemical lesion. AB - The differentiative functions, lactose synthetase activity and casein synthesis, can be induced in mammary gland explants from intact mice when insulin, cortisol, and PRL are present in the medium. By contrast, the tissue from mice castrated for 1--2 months does not differentiate in vitro. Explants from these ovariectomized animals retain their sensitivity toward insulin, as evidenced by the ability of this hormone to stimulate DNA synthesis, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid accumulation, and glucose-6-phosphate/gluconate-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities. This tissue also remains sensitive to cortisol, as evidenced by the ability of this steroid to stimulate NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. However, the tissue from ovariectomized mice has lost biological responsiveness to PRL. Such insensitivity may be due to a deficiency of PRL receptors, which are reduced in the glands from castrated mice to 20--25% of control values. However, a second defect between the receptor and the genome is also likely, since PRL unresponsiveness is still present in the tissue of ovariectomized animals whose mammary PRL-binding has been partially maintained by elevating serum PRL levels with a pituitary transplant. Therefore, this system may be useful for the study of cellular processes related to PRL action beyond the receptor level. PMID- 6783390 TI - Evidence for a possible role for Ca++ in the 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine inhibition of thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced secretion of thyrotropin by rat anterior pituitary in vitro. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine whether T3 could modify anterior pituitary Ca++ metabolism under basal conditions and in the presence of TRH. Paired hemipituitaries from hypothyroid rats were preincubated with T3 (10(-7) M) for 2 h, allowed to accumulate 45Ca++ for the third hour, and repeatedly washed in static incubations or superfused for the next 2 h with isotope-free medium and finally with TRH (10(-8) M) for 10 min. T3 treatment had no effect on the basal pattern of isotope loss throughout the 2-h wash period. TRH stimulated 45Ca++ fractional efflux from a basal value of 0.76 +/- 0.10% to 1.66 +/- 0.38% min-1 (P less than 0.02; mean +/- SD; n = 9). T3 reduced TRH-stimulated efflux to 1.30 +/- 0.20% min-1, while basal values were unaltered (0.70 +/- 0.10% min-1). Similarly, T3 inhibited the TSH response to TRH from 480% to 200% of basal secretion. T3 pretreatment also inhibited the basal uptake of 45Ca++ when a La+++ displacement protocol was employed from 1751 +/- 36 to 1400 +/- 61 cpm/mg pituitary (mean +/- SEM; n = 13; P less than 0.001). Similar data for 45Ca++ efflux were obtained in experiments where tissue was superfused. rT3 did not affect basal or stimulated 45Ca++ efflux, and inhibition of stimulated secretion and 45Ca++ efflux by T3 was dependent on preincubation. The data indicate that T3 is capable of altering anterior pituitary Ca++ homeostasis. Such a mechanism could be involved in the T3 induced inhibition of TRH-stimulated TSH release which appears to require a redistribution of cellular Ca++. PMID- 6783391 TI - Brain lesions in infant female rhesus monkeys: effects on menarche and first ovulation and on diurnal rhythms of prolactin and cortisol. AB - Sexual maturation in female rhesus macaques was studied after surgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus [complete hypothalamic disconnection (CHD); n = 4] or after creation of amygdaloid lesions (AMYG; n = 6). In four animals, CHD at 8 months did not affect the age when menarche occurred (30 months) but did result in a significant (P less than 0.01) advancement in age at first ovulation (35.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 43.7 +/- 1.1 months for the five controls). Body weights in CHD and AMYG animals were not different from weights of controls at either menarche or first ovulation, but CHD animals gained weight faster than controls. Although there was no overall difference in age at menarche or first ovulation between AMYG animals and controls, the three AMYG animals that sustained damage to the corticomedial amygdaloid area ovulated later than three other AMYG animals without damage to this area. Daily serum levels of LH, FSH, and 17 beta-estradiol were measured in the second ovulatory cycle of each animal and found to be similar among the three groups. Serum progesterone levels revealed that three of the five controls and one of six AMYG animals had short luteal phases typical of pubertal monkeys, whereas all four CHD animals showed luteal phases typical of sexually mature adult animals. Serum cortisol and PRL showed significant diurnal changes in all three groups. These data indicate that in infant rhesus females, intact neural connections to the medial basal hypothalamus are not obligatory for sexual maturation or for the propagation of entrained diurnal rhythms in cortisol and PRL. That isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus resulted in an increase in the rate of weight gain and favored early sexual maturation may indicate that the main effect of the higher brain centers is inhibitory on hypothalamic mechanisms which control these processes. PMID- 6783392 TI - Catecholamine turnover rates in discrete hypothalamic areas and associated changes in median eminence luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and serum gonadotropins on proestrus and diestrous day 1. AB - We have correlated catecholamine [CA; i.e. norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and epinephrine (E)] turnover rates in discrete hypothalamic nuclei and in the median eminence (ME), with concentration changes in ME LHRH and serum LH, FSH, PRL, estradiol, and progesterone levels at various times during proestrus and diestrous day 1 in 4-day cyclic rats. CA concentrations were measured with a radioenzymatic assay at 0, 60, and 120 min after ip injection of 400 mg/kg alpha methyl-p-tyrosine, and rate constants and turnover rates were calculated. In a separate assay NE, DA, and E were separated by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography, and concentrations and turnover rates of CAs were calculated. The microdissected hypothalamic nuclei examined for NE turnover rates included the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), arcuate nucleus (AN), and ME. DA turnover rates also were measured in the MPN, ME, and AN. ME LHRH and serum hormone concentrations were measured by RIA. Between 0900--1200 h, proestrous serum estradiol was elevated, but other serum hormones were basal, and CA turnover rates in the brain were low. However, ME LHRH concentrations increased significantly between 0900--1200 h on proestrus. Between 1200--1500 h, serum LH, FSH, PRL, and progesterone levels increased and ME LHRH levels declined significantly; during this time interval (1200--1400 h), a significant rise in ME NE and DA turnover rates occurred. Between 1500--1700 h on proestrus, while serum gonadotropins were still rising toward peak concentrations, increased ME NE turnover rates were maintained, but increased NE turnover rates also were evident in MPN, SCN, and AN. During this same time interval (1500--1700 h), a marked decline in ME and AN DA turnover rates occurred, although such rates remained unchanged within the MPN. There were no corresponding changes in MPN E turnover rates at any of the time intervals studied. The increased turnover rates of ME NE coupled with the concomitant decline in ME LHRH levels and the rise in plasma LH and FSH levels suggest that increased NE release may be important in initiating preovulatory LH and FSH surges. These changes in brain neurotransmitters and serum hormones are not the result of a diurnal rhythm, since corresponding changes in CA turnover rates or serum gonadotropins did not occur between 0900- 1100 h and 1500--1700 h diestrous day 1. PMID- 6783393 TI - Strength and duration characteristics of the facilitory and inhibitory effects of progesterone on the estrogen-induced gonadotropin surge in the female rhesus monkey. AB - The dose-dependent effects of progesterone (P) on estradiol (E2)-induced gonadotropin release were investigated in the early follicular phase of female rhesus monkeys by sc implanting Silastic capsules containing either crystalline E2 or P. In group 1, E2 alone (250 pg/ml) and E2 in combination with P (1.5, 3, and 5 ng/ml) were administered in four consecutive experiments. The lowest P dosage (1.5 ng/ml) advanced the time of the maximal gonadotropin release, but the magnitude seemed to be decreased compared to that in the experiment with E2 alone. The higher P dosages (3 and 5 ng/ml) blocked the previously observed E2 induced gonadotropin surges. In group 2, E2 alone (250 pg/ml) and E2 in combination with P (1.5, 5, and 20 ng/ml), added 46 h after E2, were administered in four consecutive experiments. In all experiments, P advanced and increased the gonadotropin peaks. The FSH surges could be increased even further in the experiments with the two highest P dosages (5 and 20 ng/ml). After this period of facilitated gonadotropin secretion, we observed lower gonadotropin levels than those in the control experiment with E2 alone. This effect became more apparent by increasing by P dosage. These results point to a biphasic effect of P across time and dosage on the release of gonadotropins. PMID- 6783394 TI - Alteration of the serum follicle-stimulating hormone to luteinizing hormone ratio in the cyclic hamster treated with antiluteinizing hormone: relationship to serum estradiol, free antiluteinizing hormone, and superovulation. PMID- 6783395 TI - Sugar and amino acid transport from the rat uterine lumen: effects of estrogen and progesterone. AB - Sugar and amino acid transport and diffusion from the uterine lumen were evaluated in either castrated rats 4 or 24 h after iv injection of 17 beta estradiol (0.1--10 microgram) or in estrogen-primed castrated rats 12 or 24 h after iv injection of progesterone (25--250 microgram). Uptake phenomena were evaluated by selectively exposing the uterine luminal surface to a Ringer's solution containing [U-14C]D-mannitol and [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose or [3H]alpha aminoisobutyric acid for a 30-sec incubation. Diffusion (D-mannitol uptake) decreased significantly 4 h (but not 24 h) after estrogen and 12 and 24 h after progesterone treatment. [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport increased significantly both 4 h (120--380%) and 24 h (50--200%) after estrogen. Although [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose transport was not significantly changed from that in the vehicle-injected control 12 or 24 h after progesterone, comparison of the transport at 12 h (reduced) to that at 24 h (increased) revealed a significant difference in the responses to progesterone treatment at these two times. [3H]alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport increased significantly 4 and 24 h after only a pharmacological dose of 17 beta-estradiol and was unchanged 24 h after progesterone administration. In summary, uterine luminal diffusion and transport phenomena are hormone sensitive, with estrogen exerting a more pronounced effect on transport than does progesterone. Thus, through modulation of luminal transport mechanisms, these hormones may regulate substrate levels and, hence, their availability to the developing conceptus during different reproductive states in the rat. PMID- 6783396 TI - Medial basal hypothalamic disconnection and the onset of puberty in the female rhesus monkey. PMID- 6783397 TI - Specific radioimmunoassay of cyclo (His-Pro), a biologically active metabolite of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - We have developed a radioimmunoassay that can detect 10 pg cyclo (His-Pro) in rat brain perchloric acid extracts. The normal rat brain concentration of cyclo (His Pro) ranged from 35-61 pmole/brain. The elution profiles of cyclo (His-Pro)-like immunoreactivity and radioactive cyclo (His-Pro) following gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography were similar. PMID- 6783398 TI - Estradiol as a gonadotropin releasing hormone in the rhesus monkey. AB - The temporal relationship between cessation of GnRH delivery to the pituitary gland and the loss of responsiveness to the stimulatory action of estradiol (E2) was examined in 4 ovariectomized rhesus monkeys whose endogenous GnRH production had been abolished by hypothalamic lesions. Gonadotropin secretion was re established by the intermittent administration of GnRH. The GnRH-replacement regimen was then discontinued and estradiol benzoate (EB) injected 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours later. Unambiguous gonadotropin discharges were induced when EB was administered 24 or 48 hours after discontinuation of GnRH replacement. We conclude that E2 can initiate gonadotropin discharges in the absence of circulating GnRH. E2 may, therefore, be viewed as a gonadotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 6783399 TI - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and testosterone synergistically inhibit spermatogenesis. AB - We recently demonstrated that superactive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs and testosterone synergistically suppress gonadotropin secretion in castrate rats. We proposed that these two classes of agents used in combination would lead to enhanced suppression of spermatogenesis by synergistically inhibiting gonadotropin secretion. This hypothesis was tested in the present study in which synergistic inhibition of spermatogenesis was produced by combined analog and testosterone treatment. The mechanism of the synergistic action observed differed from that hypothesized in that the analog had both primary inhibitory actions directly on the testis and effects at a pituitary level. The addition of testosterone to the regimen further inhibited spermatogenesis by decreasing the secretion of gonadotropins thereby attenuating the compensatory rise in LH and FSH secretion expected with direct analog inhibition of the testis. These studies demonstrate the potential of combined GnRH analog and testosterone administration as a male contraceptive agent and indicate the complexity of their synergistic interactions. PMID- 6783400 TI - Studies on the toxicity of the mercurial fungicide Agallol 3 in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6783401 TI - Actin typing on total cellular extracts: a highly sensitive protein-chemical procedure able to distinguish different actins. AB - Based on the finding that the amino-terminal tryptic peptide of actin is a reliable marker for actin divergence, we describe in detail a highly sensitive protein-chemical procedure for actin typing. The method is performed on non radioactivity labeled cells and tissues and six actins can be identified unambiguously in warm-blooded vertebrates. The method is quantitative and gives directly the ratio of the different actions in the specimens. It does not require previous purification of actin and can be used on total cellular extracts without any prior fractionation. The procedure can be extended to actins not previously characterized by amino acid sequence analysis and makes certain predictions possible about the partial amino acid sequences of the amino-terminal tryptic peptides, mostly sufficient for a correlation with DNA sequences derived from cloned actin genes. This is done as an example for the cytoplasmic action present in Schneider L-2 Drosophila melanogaster cells. Although the method is currently used routinely on 10(5) cells, modifications are discussed, which should allow the analysis to be performed with even higher sensitivity. PMID- 6783403 TI - Amino-acid sequence of the L-4 light chain of chicken skeletal-muscle myosin. AB - Tryptic and peptic peptides of the L-4 light chain of chicken skeletal muscle myosin were isolated. The amino acid sequences of all the tryptic peptides were determined. The alignment of the tryptic peptides in the protein was deduced from their homology with the primary structure of the A2 (L-4) light chain of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin. The compositions of the peptic peptides confirmed the alignment. Comparing the whole sequence of the L-4 light chain thus established with that of the A2 light chain of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, 24 amino acid substitutions were recognized. PMID- 6783402 TI - A cysteine-rich collagenous protein from bovine placenta. Isolation of its constituent polypeptide chains and some properties of the non-denatured protein. PMID- 6783404 TI - Cathepsin D: specificity of peptide-bond cleavage in type-I collagen and effects on type-III collagen and procollagen. AB - 1. Cathepsin D, purified from bovine thymus, has a limited proteolytic effect on types I and III bovine collagens. The alpha 1 (I) chain was cleaved in native or denatured collagen only within the carboxy-terminal extra-helical sequence, the major site being between resides C6 (Leu) and C7 (Ser). The alpha 2 chain was unaffected in native collagen but was slowly cleaved between residues 782 (Phe) and 783 (Leu) in the denatured form. Cleavages, at 45 degrees C, in type III collagen occur within the extra-helical amino-terminal sequence, on the carboxy terminal side of the lysine residue involved in intermolecular cross-linking. All three sites of action are within sequences of general hydrophobic character. 2. The very restricted cleavage of peptide bonds in denatured collagens can be ascribed to the infrequent occurrence of groupings of more than two hydrophobic residues and to the high content of the conformation-limiting residues proline and hydroxyproline. 3. The previously demonstrated failure of cathepsin D to solubilize a representative proportion of type III collagen from the fibres of bovine skin collagen [P.G. Scott and C.H. Pearson (1978) Biochem, Soc, Trans. 6, 1197-1199] may be explained by lack of ability of the enzyme to act on this collagen at 25 degrees C, in such a manner as to separate molecules joined by intermolecular cross-links involving the amino-terminal extrahelical region of the molecule. PMID- 6783405 TI - Spectroscopic properties of light-chain derivatives of murine MOPC-315 immunoglobulin A. AB - Three light-chain derivatives of the homogeneous IgA, secreted by the mouse myeloma MOPC-315, were studied employing circular dichroism and thermal perturbation spectroscopy: (a) the light-chain dimer with intact native inter chain disulfide bond, L2,cov; (b) the light-chain dimer with this bond reduced and alkylated, L2,ncov; and (c) the dimer of only the variable regions of the light chains, (VL)2. Comparison of the well resolved circular dichroism spectra of these derivatives allowed the assignments of the bands above 290 nm to the following chromophores: Trp-35L and Trp-91L in the variable domains, and Trp 148L, Trp-185L and the disulfide of Cys-214L in the constant domains. The differences in the spectral characteristics of L2,cov as compared to those of L2,ncov and (VL)2 illustrate the significant influence of the disulfide bridge on the conformation of the L2,cov. Pronounced differences are found between these light-chain derivatives ant the light chain--heavy chain associates, namely the intact protein M-315 and FV fragment. The comparison between the CD spectra of the free and the hapten-bound L2,cov, L2,ncov and (VL)2 directly demonstrates the existence of the conformational transitions in these proteins induced by hapten binding. PMID- 6783406 TI - Binding of ribosomes to linear and circular forms of the 5'-terminal leader fragment of tobacco-mosaic-virus RNA. AB - The sequence of the 5'-terminal leader fragment preceding the AUG codon in the RNA of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tomato strain, SPS isolate, has been determined. This RNA, similarly to the RNAs of the U1 and Dahlemense strains of TMV [Kukla et al. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 98, 61--66] has the 7 methylguanosine(5')triphospho(5')guanosine cap separated from the initiation codon by a long stretch of nucleotides devoid of guanosine residues. The RNase-T1 resistant 73-nucleotide-long leader fragment of TMV RNA from the SPS isolate was assayed for its ability to interact with eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosomes. The linear fragment, labelled either at its 5' or 3' end, efficiently formed disome initiation complexes when incubated with wheat-germ protein-synthesis extract. In contrast to its linear counterpart, the circular covalently closed RNA leader fragment, obtained in a reaction catalysed by T4 RNA ligase, was unable to interact with wheat germ ribosomes. Both kinds of leader fragment bound equally well to Escherichia coli 70-S ribosomes. The results offer further support to the notion that in eukaryotic initiation the free 5' end (either capped or uncapped) is required for mRNA interaction with ribosomes. Furthermore, they suggest that both ribosomes found in disome initiation complexes with the TMV RNA leader fragment enter the mRNA sequentially via the free 5' terminus. PMID- 6783407 TI - Mechanisms for albumin-mediated membrane damage. AB - 1. Bee venom phospholipase A2 causes a small increase in the sublytic leakiness of rabbit erythrocytes which is strongly inhibited by lysolecithin and potentiated by albumin. 2. Albumin extracts long-chain fatty acids from the erythrocyte membrane by a process which is faster than diffusion-determined efflux of fatty acid and during the process it greatly increases the sublytic leakiness of the membrane. In contrast, albumin rapidly terminates sublytic responses to lysolecithin. 3. These actions of albumin are abolished only when albumin is preloaded with four molecules of oleic acid per protein molecule. 4. A minor proportion of the response of phospholipase-A2-treated cells to albumin is due to accumulated fatty acid products; the combination of active enzyme and accumulated fatty acids is much more effective than either alone. Membrane partially depleted of phospholipids by enzyme attack is not highly leaky. 5. Albumin may, in part, act by removing lysolecithin, the inhibitory reaction product. A model is proposed in which susceptibility to phospholipase A2 attack is not uniform on the cell surface and is used to explain the inhibitory action of lysolecithin and the high sensitivity of the membrane in the presence of albumin to damage by newly released fatty acids. PMID- 6783408 TI - 5'-Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase. Purification and characterization of the enzyme from Lupinus luteus seeds. AB - 5'-Methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9), the enzyme which catalyzes hydrolytic cleavage of 5'-methylthioadenosine with the formation of adenine and 5'-methylthioribose, has been purified to homogeneity from Lupinus luteus seeds. The nucleosidase has a native molecular weight of 62 000 and consists of two identical subunits, as judged by gel filtration and dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The nucleosidase exhibits highest specificity towards the natural substrate with a Km of 4.1 X 10(-7) M for 5'-methylthioadenosine. It does not cleave adenine from S-adenosylhomocysteine. Among the synthetic analogs of 5' methylthioadenosine tested, eleven compounds appear to be able to substitute as substrates. Furthermore, the enzyme can liberate hypoxanthinine from six inosyl (deaminated) derivatives obtained by enzymatic deamination of 5' methylthioadenosine and its synthetic analogs. The Km for 5'-methylthioinosine is 55 microM, and the maximal velocity about 50-times lower than for 5' methylthioadenosine. The reaction catalyzed by the nucleosidase can be inhibited by adenine (Ki = 11 microM), 3-deazaadenine (Ki = 19 microM), and 9-erythro(2 hydroxyl-3-nonyl)adenine (ki = 37 microM). PMID- 6783409 TI - Dexamethasone-binding proteins in cytosol and nucleus of rat thymocytes. Purification of three receptor proteins. AB - Dexamethasone-binding proteins from the cytosol and the nucleus of rat thymocytes were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Three dexamethasone-binding proteins were revealed in cytosol, one in the flow-through (DE-1) and two (DE-2 and DE-3) eluting from the column with 0.13 M and 0.23 M NH4Cl, respectively. In nuclear extracts only one receptor fraction, present in the flow-through, could be detected. By a combination of affinity chromatography on Cl-Sepharose to which dexamethasone 21-methanesulfonate was linked through a disulufide bond and DEAE-cellulose chromatography, three receptor proteins were highly purified from cytosol, with molecular weights of 45 000, 72 000 and 90 000 and one from nuclear extracts with molecular weight of 72 000. Antibodies to the 45 000-Mr and 90 000-Mr proteins were elicited in rabbits. The antibodies to the 45 000-Mr protein cross-react with the 90 000-Mr. Similarly, the antibodies to the 90 000-Mr protein cross-react with the 45 000-Mr protein. Antibodies to either of the two proteins immunoprecipitate 60--70% of the dexamethasone-binding activity of rat thymus cytosol. Immunoaffinity chromatography of cytosol and nucleosol on columns of Sepharose linked to the IgG against either the 45 000-Mr or the 90 000-Mr protein leads to binding of these proteins on the columns but not of the 72 000-Mr species. Two nuclear polypeptides with molecular weights of 36 000 and 38 000 remain attached to the immunoaffinity column; these polypeptides may represent degradation products of the cytoplasmic receptor upon entrance into the nucleus. Antibodies against two dexamethasone-binding proteins from rat liver cytosol immunoprecipitate the 45 000-Mr cytosol receptors from rat thymus. PMID- 6783410 TI - The ribosomal proteins of L cells. A comparative analysis of the ribosomal proteins split off by KCl, the core proteins, the proteins transferable between the two subunits and the proteins labelled in absence of ribosomal synthesis. PMID- 6783411 TI - Sequences of sixteen phosphoserine peptides from ovalbumins of eight species. AB - Phosphoserine peptides have been isolated by a diagonal electrophoresis method from proteolytic digests of ovalbumins from hen, grouse, turkey, golden pheasant, magpie goose, chinese goose, Aylesbury duck and fulvous whistling duck. The amino acid sequences of these peptides have been determined. There are two sites of phosphorylation in each ovalbumin, which are located in two different regions of the ovalbumin molecule. Amino acid replacements are more frequent in the site 1 sequences than in the site 2 sequences. Both site 1 and site 2 sequences contain invariant residues. Sequence variations occur near the serine residues that are phosphorylated, but the amino acid two residues C-terminal to the phosphoserine is always glutamic acid, suggesting that this may be a recognition signal for the phosphorylating enzyme. Variations in amino acid sequence among the species are consistent with differences in the ovalbumins determined by peptide mapping and quantitative immunoprecipitation assays. A phylogenetic tree has been constructed from a comparison of the sequences of 248 residues from the eight ovalbumins. PMID- 6783412 TI - A critical assessment of bone scan quantitation (bone to soft tissue ratios) in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. AB - Accurate quantitation from the bone scan image of skeletal uptake of radiopharmaceutical would be of value in the assessment of patients with metabolic bone disease. Repeat measurements of bone to soft tissue (B/ST) ratios on the one set of images were made for 103 subjects, a) by the same observer using lumbar vertebra 2 for the area of bone; b) by the same observer using lumbar vertebra 2 then lumbar vertebra 4; c) by two observers both using lumbar vertebra 2. The median difference between repeat measurements by the same observer was well under 1% but the 5-95 percentile range was -13 to +14%. Between the two observers there was a median difference of 10.6% with a 5-95 percentile range of -11 to +44%. We also measured B/ST ratios in 150 control subjects and 139 patients with various metabolic bone disorders. While statistically significant differences for B/ST ratios were found between the osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, Paget's groups, and the control population (P less than 0.001 in all cases), there was appreciable overlap between individual patient results and the control range. It is concluded, therefore, that measurement of B/ST ratios for the individual is of limited value in clinical practice. PMID- 6783413 TI - Evidence for 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency as a factor contributing to osteopenia in diabetic patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis. AB - Osteopenia is frequently encountered in the course of idiopathic haemochromatosis. In order to establish the mechanism of this bone disorder, the following parameters were studied in nine diabetic patients wih idiopathic haemochromatosis: (i) the intestinal calcium absorption measured by using a double radiotracer technique; (ii) the bone mineral content (BMC, mg/cm2) determined on the forearm by the Cameron's absorptiometric technique, (iii) the plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-D ng/ml) by a competitive protein-binding radioassay. The results were compared to those obtained in ten controls and in eight diabetics without haemochromatosis. The patients suffering from haemochromatosis had a significant fall in total fractional absorption of calcium and BMC as compared with controls and diabetics without haemochromatosis. Furthermore plasma 25-OH-D was significantly lower in haemochromatosis patients (5.1 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) than in controls (16.4 +/- 1.3 ng/ml, P less than 0.01) and in diabetics without haemochromatosis (14.2 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, P less than 0.02). These results indicate that haemochromatosis patients exhibit important disturbances in calcium homeostasis, i.e. low concentration of plasma 25-OH-D and reduced intestinal absorption of calcium. The latter abnormalities may well be related to the bone rarefaction observed in these patients. PMID- 6783414 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of adrenaline on conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine and to reverse-triiodothyronine in dog liver and heart. AB - Infusion of adrenaline in healthy dogs in a dose simulating spontaneous release of the catecholamine during experimental myocardial infarction produced a significant decrease in the conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and a moderate increase in the conversion of T4 to reverse-triiodothyronine (rT3). Similar changes in deiodination of T4 to T3 and to rT3 were also observed when adrenaline was added in vitro to liver and heart homogenates. These results are consistent with a direct effect of adrenaline on T4 deiodination as degradation of exogenous T4, T3 and rT3 was only slightly increased under the experimental condition employed. The present study suggests that increased tissue exposure to adrenaline might contribute to the hormonal changes seen in at least some case of the 'low T3 syndrome'. PMID- 6783415 TI - Substituting polyunsaturated for saturated fat as a single change in a Swedish diet: effects on serum lipoprotein metabolism and glucose tolerance in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. PMID- 6783416 TI - Increased plasma HDL-cholesterol and apo A-1 in sedentary middle-aged men after physical conditioning. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated an inverse relationship between plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk. In the present study we investigated prospectively the effect of a moderate physical conditioning programme on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, especially HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I), the major apoprotein of HDL. Healthy, sedentary, middle-aged men were randomly selected and assigned either to a training group (n = 24, age 40 +/- 3.4, mean +/- SD) or to a control group (n = 13, age 39 +/- 5.0). Training consisted of various indoor and outdoor sports activities 45 min/day, 3 times/week for 12 weeks at an intensity of approximately 80% of measured maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). The trained subjects were studied at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The training increased VO2 max by 12% (P less than 0.01). Increases were observed in both apo A-I (10%, P less than 0.02) and HDL cholesterol (8%, P less than 0.02) after training, with significant increases already after 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, decreases in total plasma cholesterol (5%, P less than 0.004) and plasma triglycerides (26%, P less than 0.003) were found without changes in body weight, body composition, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption or the percentage composition of dietary intake. Fasting serum-insulin concentrations decreased significantly during training. No changes were noted in the control group. The present study demonstrates prospectively that moderate physical training can increase HDL. PMID- 6783417 TI - Hepatic vein oxygenation, liver blood flow, and the rate of ethanol metabolism in recently abstinent alcoholic patients. AB - To determine whether hepatic hypoxia is associated with hepatocellular necrosis in alcoholics, oxygen tension in the hepatic vein and hepatic blood flow were determined in thirteen patients without overt clinical liver disease. Ethanol metabolic rate was also assayed as an index of liver metabolism. Hepatic blood flow and ethanol metabolic rate were also determined in six normal volunteers. According to liver histology patients were separated into two groups, with and without hepatocellular necrosis. Alcoholics with necrosis showed a higher (P less than 0.002) ethanol metabolic rate (4.05 +/- 0.23 mmol/kg/h) than those without necrosis (2.46 +/- 0.34). Hepatic blood flow in the total group of alcoholics was not significantly different from controls; in the group with necrosis it was lower (651.7 +/- 44.6 ml/min/m2) than in the group without necrosis (878.3 +/- 81.6; P less than 0.025). Hepatic vein pO2 was lower (P less than 0.01) in patients with hepatocellular necrosis (31.7 +/- 0.68 mmHg) than in patients without necrosis (35.7 +/- 0.99). In the whole group, a significant negative correlation (r = 0.76, P less than 0.003) was observed between hepatic vein pO2 and ethanol metabolic rate. Acute administration of ethanol (21.7 mmol/kg) did not alter hepatic blood flow in six normal individuals nor in five alcoholic patients, although an increase in hepatic vein pO2 was observed in the latter. The changes observed in hepatic vein pO2 functional hepatic blood flow, and ethanol metabolic rate which correlate with hepatocellular necrosis, may be of pathogenic importance in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6783418 TI - Glucuronidation of bilirubin and the occurrence of pigment gallstones in patients with chronic haemolytic diseases. AB - A group of thirty-seven patients with increased haem catabolism has been studied to gain insight in their bilirubin conjugating capacity. Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity (GlcATa) in the liver and bilirubin monoconjugates in bile were measured and the hepatic bilirubin clearance was calculated from the radio chromium-survival data. In the present group, 41% of the patients clearly had a deficiency in bilirubin conjugation similar to what is classically found in Gilbert's syndrome. The association may facilitate detection of these patients as serum bilirubin levels were higher (65.8 microM +/- 19) (m +/- 1 SD) in the fifteen patients with associated Gilbert's syndrome versus thirteen having only haemolysis (43.6 microM +/- 15). A fair correlation was found between the percentage of monoconjugates in bile and the GlcATa levels in the liver as well as with the calculated hepatic bilirubin clearance, although some discrepancies exist. Using these determinations, a clearcut separation from normal values was not obtained, suggesting at least in the present group of patients that Gilbert' syndrome represents only one end of a continuum of bilirubin conjugation rates and not a separate entity. Pigment stones in the gall-bladder were documented in 51% of the patients and usually at an early age. There was no relationship towards sex, serum bilirubin, GlcATa in liver, total bilirubin or monoconjugates in bile. Age played some role as well as the type of haemolysis as all patients with congenital dyserythropoiesis (n = 4) or acquired haemolysis (n = 3) had lithiasis. Moderate chronic cholecystitis was present, whereas an accumulation of iron and bile pigment was evident in the liver. PMID- 6783419 TI - Regulation of sterol synthesis in human intestinal mucosa. AB - The effect of dietary factors and experimental manipulations designed to perturb the enterohepatic circulation on the rate of sterol synthesis were studied in freshly isolated human jejunal mucosa from normal subjects. Fasting significantly reduced the rate of sterol synthesis from [14C]acetate in jejunal mucosa obtained from normolipaemic obese subjects. A high cholesterol diet had no consistent effect on the synthesis in normal subjects. Administration of cholestyramine resulted in a marked rise in the incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols, while the administration of chenodeoxycholic acid did not significantly reduce basal sterol synthesis in normal subjects. These results demonstrate that in man the rate of sterol synthesis in intestinal mucosa is altered in response to physiological variables. Although these findings indicate that sterol synthesis in this tissue is subject to regulation, no difference was observed in basal sterol synthesis between normal subjects and patients heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolaemia. PMID- 6783420 TI - Effects of pancreatic polypeptide on motilin and circulating metabolites in man. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide was infused intravenously in healthy fasting subjects at 1 pmol kg-1 (n = 7) and 4 pmol kg-1 min-1 (n = 10) producing plasma PP concentrations of 223 +/- 37 pmol/l (mean +/- SEM) and 891 +/- 64 pmol/l respectively. These levels are similar to and four-fold higher than those seen after a normal mixed breakfast in healthy young adults. In a separate study five healthy subjects ingested a small breakfast during infusion of PP on different days at 1 pmol kg-1 min-1 and 2 pmol kg-1 min-1 respectively. PP at 1 pmol kg-1 min-1 caused a marked reduction in fasting plasma motilin concentrations to 20% of the basal level (p less than 0.001). There were, however, no significant changes in plasma concentrations of insulin, glucagon, gastrin, secretin, enteroglucagon, gastric inhibitory peptide or neurotensin. Despite previous reports possibly implicating PP in metabolism, there were no significant effects on blood levels of glucose, alanine lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol or non esterified fatty acids, either in the fasting state or after the ingestion of food. Although it seems unlikely that PP is a major hormonal regulator of intermediary metabolism in man, its ability to suppress motilin at physiological concentrations suggests the possibility of an indirect influence on digestive motor function. PMID- 6783421 TI - Molecular forms of gastrin in peptic ulcer: comparison of serum and tissue concentrations of G17 and G34 in gastric and duodenal ulcer subjects. AB - We have studied the relationships between the main molecular forms of gastrin (G17 and G34) in the serum, antral and duodenal mucosa of duodenal (DU) and gastric (GU) ulcer patients. Fasting serum G17 was similar in both DU and GU (about 6 pmol/l) and in both groups increased about three-fold with feeding. In contrast, basal serum G34 was significantly higher in GU (29 pmol/l) than in DU (12 pmol/l) and the peak post prandial increase over basal of G34 was also higher in GU (57 pmol/l) compared with DU (10 pmol/l). In sharp contrast, in the same groups of DU and GU patients mean total antral gastrin concentrations were similar (about 12 nmol/g), and in both groups 95% of antral gastrin was G17, most of the remainder being G34. In both groups total duodenal gastrin concentrations were about 20% those in antral mucosa and about 70% of duodenal gastrin was attributable to G34. The higher serum G34 in GU could therefore be explained by increased secretion of duodenal gastrin, but further work is needed to examine whether there might also be preferential secretion of antral G34 in GU, or a difference in the metabolism (or volume of distribution) of gastrin variants in GU and DU. PMID- 6783422 TI - Exercise-induced release of pancreatic polypeptide and its inhibition by propranolol: evidence for adrenergic stimulation. AB - Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) has been considered to be predominantly under cholinergic-vagal control and may therefore serve as an indicator of vagal tone. We found similar basal plasma concentrations of PP in athletes with bradycardia and in untrained subjects. We further observed that physical exercise--an adrenergic situation--induces a several-fold rise in PP plasma concentration. Maximal plasma PP levels correlated positively with maximal blood pressure. The exercise-induced rise of PP was completely abolished by propranolol. These findings suggest that stimulation of the adrenergic system releases PP and that therefore plasma PP concentrations cannot be used to determine cholinergic-vagal activity. PMID- 6783423 TI - Effects of hypothyroidism and cholesterol feeding on the clearance of chylomicron remnants in vivo and by rat hepatocyte monolayers. AB - The hepatic catabolism of chylomicron remnants in normal rats and in hypothyroid rats which were either normocholesterolaemic or made hypercholesterolaemic by feeding cholesterol and cholic acid was studied in vivo and in hepatocyte monolayers. In vivo, the clearance of injected chylomicron remnants labelled with either cholesteryl- or retinyl ester was delayed in the hypercholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats, but not in normocholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats. Cholesteryl ester-rich hepatocytes from hypercholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats took up remnants less efficiently than did normal hepatocytes. Hepatocytes from normocholesterolaemic hypothyroid rats had a lower cholesteryl ester content and took up remnant particles to a greater degree than did normal hepatocytes. When normal hepatocytes were incubated with hypercholesterolaemic serum or with mevalonolactone, which increased cell cholesteryl ester content, there was a slight suppression of remnant uptake. Also, addition of triiodothyronine to hepatocyte monolayers suppressed rather than increased uptake of chylomicron remnants in hepatocytes. Thus, the study suggests that chylomicron remnant uptake by the liver is not inhibited by hypothyroidism per se but by the cholesterol accumulation in hepatocytes that is the consequence of cholesterol and bile acid feeding of the rats. Although the cholesteryl ester content in hepatocytes seems to determine remnant uptake, the regulation of uptake does not seem to be as effective as that of the LDL receptor in extrahepatic cells. PMID- 6783424 TI - Influence of previous diuretic intake on the humoral and hormonal profile of idiopathic oedema. AB - Three groups of women underwent water loading tests: normal subjects, idiopathic oedema patients who had taken no medication for at least 3 months, and a second oedema group with recent diuretic intake. Idiopathic oedema in drug-free patients was characterized by an abnormal capillary permeability, lower basal protein values, a dramatic drop in urinary output in the upright position due to reduced glomerular filtration, enhanced reabsorption of sodium and water and stimulation of aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (AVP) secretions. In these idiopathic oedema cases, osmolar AVP regulation was disrupted but AVP control by plasma volume was maintained. In the basal state, patients with recent diuretic intake were characterized by a gain in body weight and by depletion of plasma volume and plasma potassium. In these subjects, urinary output in the upright posture was as insufficient as in drug-free patients but was due to higher sodium reabsorption. Renal insensitivity to AVP action was also observed. Osmolar regulation and volume regulation of AVP were both disrupted in these cases with recent diuretic intake. PMID- 6783425 TI - Dose-dependent, and long-lasting, effects of repeated intravenous injections of calcium on the canine secretin-stimulated pancreatic juice secretion. AB - The effects of repeated intravenous calcium administration on pancreatic juice secretion were investigated in four Thomas fistula dogs. During stimulation by 1.0 U kg-1h-1 GIH secretin, three Ca doses were administered: 2, 4 and 8 mu mol kg-1 min-1 during 1 h, saline being used in control tests; one dose only was tested per day. It was found that Ca administration induced both acute and long lasting effects. Acute effects were characterized by an increased response to secretin stimulation. Fluid, HCO3(-), protein and Ca outputs increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner, the increase of protein output being the most dramatic. Long-lasting effects, until now unrecognized, were characterized by a progressive increase of protein secretion during the first hour of secretin stimulation. This increase kept going during the 3 months of repeated calcium injections. Although protein plugs were observed in the juice, sometimes stopping the flow of juice, no pancreatic lesion was found. A second protocol showed that, after discontinuing calcium injections, the long-lasting effects decreased progressively, but protein hypersecretion was still significant 3.5 months later. The importance of these findings regarding chronic pancreatitis due to hyperparathyroidism is discussed. PMID- 6783426 TI - Serum lipoprotein and apolipoprotein concentrations and tissue lipoprotein-lipase activity in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism: the effect of substitution therapy. PMID- 6783427 TI - Enhanced pulmonary and intestinal activation of procarcinogens and mutagens after chronic ethanol consumption in the rat. AB - Recent epidemiological surveys have indicated that alcoholics exhibit increased incidences of a variety of cancers. We have investigated, as a possible contributing factor to carcinogenesis in this population, the effect of chronic ethanol consumption on metabolic activation of procarcinogens by microsomes isolated from lungs and small intestine. These tissues are major sites through which procarcinogens enter the body and are also potential sites of procarcinogen metabolism. Rat litter-mates were pair-fed nutritionally adequate liquid diets which contained either ethanol as 36% of total energy or an equivalent energy content of carbohydrates in place of ethanol. Chronic ethanol consumption produced significant increases in pulmonary microsomal cytochrome P-450 and microsomal ethanol oxidation. The ethanol diet also enhanced the capacity of pulmonary microsomes to activate compounds present in tobacco pyrolyzates to mutagens detectable in the Ames Salmonella auxotroph reversion assay. The ethanol diet did not alter the capacity of pulmonary microsomes to hydroxylate benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) or to activate BaP to a mutagen. In contrast, microsomes from the upper small intestine of ethanol-fed rats did exhibit both higher levels of BaP hydroxylase activity and enhanced activation of BaP to a mutagen. The ethanol feeding also enhanced the capacity of the intestinal microsomes to activate to mutagens both tryptophan pyrolyzate and 2-aminofluorene but did not influence the metabolic activation of these promutagens by pulmonary microsomes. Chronic ethanol consumption thus influences carcinogen metabolism in the intestine and lung in a manner which varies with respect to both carcinogen and tissue. PMID- 6783428 TI - Disorder of collagen metabolism in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta (lethal type): increased degree of hydroxylation of lysine in collagen types I and III. AB - Types I, II and III collagen were isolated from calvarium, skin and cartilage from a patient with recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. the distribution of the various collagen types was normal in all three tissues. The alpha-chains were purified by molecular sieve and ion-exchange chromatography and were found to differ from the corresponding alpha-chains of age-matched controls only in that the alpha 1(I), alpha 2 and alpha 1(III) chains contained higher amounts of hydroxylysine with proportionally less lysine. alpha 1(II) was normal. The excess hydroxylysine residues were all glycosylated in the case of alpha 1(I) chains, but only partly so for the alpha 2 chains. Similar observations were made with collagen from fetuses at various stages of development. In these fetuses, however, the increase in the degree of hydroxylation of lysine in alpha 1(I), alpha 2 and alpha 1(III) varied with age, being highest in the youngest fetus. Seen in the context of embryonic development, the collagen of the patient would correspond to that of a fetus younger than 18 weeks, and one could speculate that the defect seen in this patient is the result of a disturbed process of maturation of connective tissue. PMID- 6783429 TI - Serum lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in grossly obese patients before and after jejuno-ileal shunt operation. AB - Fourteen grossly obese patients were studied before and 2, 6, 12 and 24 months after jejuno-ileal bypass. The major weight loss occurred during the first 6 months while there was no significant change of the mean body weight during the last 12 months of the study. During the initial period of pronounced weight loss there were significant reductions of all lipoprotein classes, e.g. at 2 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides had decreased by 41% (P less than 0.01), the low density lipoprotein cholesterol by 42% (P less than 0.001), the high density lipoprotein cholesterol by 27% (P less than 0.001) and the serum apolipoprotein B, A-I and A-II concentrations by 30% (P less than 0.001), 17% (P less than 0.001) and 27% (P less than 0.01) respectively. The fractional removal rate (K2) at the intravenous fat tolerance test had increased by 38% (P less than 0.01), indicating an increased removal capacity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. At 24 months the very low density lipoprotein triglycerides, the low density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein B concentration remained reduced by 28% (P less than 0.05), 48% (P less than 0.001) and 35% (P less than 0.001) respectively. The intravenous fat tolerance test K2 remained significantly increased by 44% (P less than 0.05). However, the high density lipoprotein cholesterol and the apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations had successively increased again to preoperative levels. The low density lipoprotein cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio was decreased by 44% (P less than 0.001) and the apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein B ratio had increased by 74% (P less than 0.001), both changes presumably beneficial in regard of atherogenicity. The apolipoprotein A-I/high density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B/low density lipoprotein cholesterol ratios had increased by 23% (P less than 0.001) and 28% (P less than 0.001) respectively. The data indicate that the reduction of high density lipoprotein may be a transient phenomenon during the initial period of weight loss but that definite changes occur in the high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein composition which are apparent also 2 years after surgery. PMID- 6783430 TI - Development of bone mineral loss in insulin-treated diabetes: a 1 1/2 years follow-up study in sixty patients. AB - The change in bone mass during 1 1/2 years was determined in a longitudinal study of sixty adult insulin-treated diabetic out-patients. During the study period the mean bone mass decreased by 1.30 +/- 0.28 (SEM)% (P less than 0.001), to a mean value of 91.0 +/- 1.7% of normal (P less than 0.001). The rate of bone loss was significantly higher in patients with 1-6 years of diabetes (n = 29, bone loss: 1.96 +/- 0.32%/1 1/2 years) than in patients with longer duration of the disease (n = 31, bone loss: 0.61 +/- 0.44%/1 1/2 years, P less than 0.02). The endogenous insulin secretion estimated with the glucagon-stimulated serum C-peptide concentration decreased during the observation period in 58.6% of the patients with 1-6 years of diabetes compared to 16.1% among patients with 7-11 years of diabetes (P less than 0.002). The rate of bone mineral loss was almost 3 times higher in the twenty-two patients in whom endogenous insulin secretion had deteriorated (2.12 +/- 0.30%/1 1/2 years) than in the thirty-eight patients without as well as with unchanged or increased insulin secretion (0.78 +/- 0.39%/1 1/2 years, P less than 0.01). In twenty patients with an increased insulin dose during the study period the mean bone mineral loss was 2.05 +/- 0.36%/1 1/2 years compared to a mean bone mineral loss of 0.91 +/- 0.38%/1 1/2 years in the forty patients with unchanged or decreased insulin dosage (P less than 0.05). This longitudinal study further supports the hypothesis that the bone mineral loss in insulin-treated diabetic patients begins with the onset of clinical diabetes and that its development is associated with the deterioration of the beta-cell function and with the increment in insulin dosage. The rate of bone mineral loss is high during the first few years of clinical diabetes, but levels off with increasing duration of the disease. PMID- 6783431 TI - The effect of a single dose of propranolol on human erythrocytes in vivo. AB - In vitro propranolol has a profound effect on erythrocytes as indicated by a decrease of the packed cell volume and a shift to the right of the oxygen dissociation curve. Because of the lack of satisfactory in vivo studies, the effect of 80 mg propranolol and placebo was compared in twelve volunteers in a double-blind study. Although plasma propranolol concentrations varied greatly from individual to individual, all propranolol subjects demonstrated effective beta-blockade. Packed cell volume, mean cellular volume, plasma trapping after haematocrit centrifugation, P 50, 2,3-DPG, ATP, erythrocyte filterability and blood viscosity at different packed cell volumes (50% and 80%) and shear rates (11.5, 23, 46, 115 and 230 s-1) did not change significantly following administration of either propranolol or placebo. These findings are of interest in view of the use of beta-blocking agents in critically ill patients. PMID- 6783432 TI - Familial apolipoprotein CII deficiency: plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in heterozygous and homozygous subjects and the effects of plasma infusion. PMID- 6783434 TI - Some observations on the magnesium metabolism of the amphibian lens. PMID- 6783433 TI - Partial maturation and light chain restriction of Abelson virus-transformed B cell precursors. AB - The induction of partial maturation in an in vitro derived Abelson virus transformed murine lymphoid cell subline (ABC-1/AT1) is described. Pre-B (cytoplasmic, mu chain-positive) lymphocytes were induced from presumptive B cell precursors by prostaglandin E1, butyric acid, lipopolysaccharide and interferon. Maturation was independent of alterations in cellular growth rate and could be achieved in the absence of cell division. The AT1 subline was found to be restricted to the expression of a single light chain type (lambda) indicating a possible B cell lineage-committed precursor as the target for viral transformation. PMID- 6783435 TI - Studies on the low molecular weight proteins of human lens. PMID- 6783436 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of IgA in the mouse cornea. PMID- 6783437 TI - Types of paradoxical intervention and indications/contraindications for use in clinical practice. AB - A review of theoretical mechanisms underlying paradoxical interventions is undertaken in an effort to classify them into three broad types: redefinition, symptom escalation and crisis induction, and redirection. A list of individual and family patient characteristics and problems particularly applicable to each type of paradoxical intervention is presented along with contraindications for use. Last, implications for training and cautions as to their use are presented. PMID- 6783438 TI - Stimulation of Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu-dependent GTP hydrolysis by aminoacyl oligonucleotides in the presence of aurodox. PMID- 6783439 TI - B-gene specified 3-alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in human B blood group variants. PMID- 6783440 TI - Leukotriene C4: isolation from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6783441 TI - Functional roles of the plant alpha-like and gamma-like DNA polymerases. PMID- 6783442 TI - Protein methylation in Caldariella acidophila, an extreme thermo-acidophilic archaebacterium. PMID- 6783443 TI - RX 336-M, a new chemical tool in the analysis of the quasi-morphine withdrawal syndrome. AB - RX 336-M (7,8-dihydro-5',6'-dimethylcyclohex-5'-eno-1',2',8',14 codeinone) and four other chemically-diverse agents--AG-3-5 (1-[2-hydroxyphenyl]-4-[3 nitrophenyl]-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-one), Sgd 8473 (alpha-[4 chlorobenzylideneamino)-oxy]-isobutyric acid), thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and sodium valproate--each induce signs of withdrawal, most notably 'wet dog' shaking, after acute i.p. administration in drug-naive rats. They are therefore additions to a recently recognized and, as yet, ill-defined class of behaviorally active compounds. The pharmacological baselines that link these disparate agents together have been studied in the present work, using 'wet-dog' shaking as the behavioral measure and RX 336-M as the reference shake-inducing compound. Peripheral administration of clonidine, haloperidol, d-lysergic acid diethylamide, or morphine suppressed chemically induced shaking: naloxone had no marked effect. Reverse tolerance was associated with TRH-induced shaking whereas tolerance occurred with the other four compounds. Cross-tolerance interactions were asymmetrical. Thus, rats rendered tolerant to RX 336-M were cross-tolerant to AG-3-5, TRH, and sodium valproate but not to Sgd 8473; in contrast, RX 336-M induced shaking was only significantly reduced in rats made tolerant to Sgd 8473. In view of the unidirectional nature of the cross-tolerance relationships studied, it is concluded that AG-3-5, Sgd 8473, sodium valproate, and TRH initiate 'wet-dog' shaking through neural substrates that differ from the one(s) associated with RX 336-M. Nevertheless, all five compounds may eventually trigger a common shake-inducing mechanism. PMID- 6783444 TI - Hippocampal involvement in the pharmacologic induction of withdrawal-like behaviors. AB - Kainic acid is an analog of glutamate. The CA3-4 field of the hippocampus is extremely sensitive to its toxic properties. Intracerebroventricular injection of of nontoxic doses of kainic acid in rats produces behaviors similar to morphine withdrawal. Lesion of CA3-4 abolishes this response to kainic acid. Destruction of CA3-4 blocks the ability of Met-enkephalin, ketocyclazocine, and 5 hydroxytryptophan, but not sodium valproate or ice water to induce withdrawal like behaviors. The actions of kainic acid, endorphins, and ketocyclazocine are blocked by naloxone and enhanced by opiate agonists. Sodium valproate, ice water, and withdrawal itself are released by naloxone and blocked by opiate agonists. Similar discriminations by CA3-4 lesions and challenge by naloxone and morphine may indicate that two neural circuits exist through which withdrawal-like behaviors are evoked. The hippocampal circuit is not directly involved in dependence, but may modulate withdrawal. Withdrawal-like behaviors are observed in rats in situations where behavior is blocked. These withdrawal-like behaviors are reminiscent of verbal reports of anxiety. In particular, wet-dog shakes in these situations may be analogous to shuddering. In humans, monosodium glutamate intolerance is associated with shuddering. PMID- 6783446 TI - Follicular phase treatment of luteal phase dysfunction. AB - Previously, we demonstrated that selective suppression of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in monkeys treated with charcoal-extracted porcine follicular fluid (pFF) in the early follicular phase induced luteal defects resembling those which occur spontaneously in women and monkeys. Here, we assessed whether luteal phase defects arising in association with induced FSH deficiencies during the early follicular phase can be treated by early FSH therapy. Rhesus monkeys were treated with pFF and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (FSH:luteinizing hormone [LH], 3:1) on cycle days 1 to 3 or day 4, respectively. Daily femoral blood samples were analyzed for LH, FSH, and estradiol by radioimmunoassay. In the monkeys treated with the pFF-hMG combination, a single ovulation was uniformly noted at laparoscopy, and initial luteal phase elevations in serum progesterone levels were nearer those of normal ovulatory cycles than after pFF alone. These results suggest that FSH/LH treatment in the early follicular phase compensated, in part, for the pFF-induced deficiency in endogenous FSH levels. PMID- 6783445 TI - Elevated prolactin levels in oral contraceptive pill-related hypertension. AB - Twenty women whose blood pressure became elevated during oral contraceptive treatment had higher serum prolactin levels (31 +/- 5.3 microgram/liter) than did 20 normotensive pill takers (16.1 +/- 1.8 microgram/liter) and 20 women who were not taking the pill (14 +/- 1.1 microgram/liter), and the higher level was maintained (30 +/- 3.5 microgram/liter) after the pill was discontinued and blood pressure had become normal. This increase in prolactin levels was not related to differences in age or mode of treatment, and it is thought to reflect an alteration in dopaminergic transmission in patients with pill-related hypertension. PMID- 6783447 TI - Drug-induced primary hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6783448 TI - [Dynamics of the secretory and excretory functions of the stomach and activity of the kallikrein-kinin system following removal of the parotid glands]. AB - After removal of parotid glands in 104 white rats, the gastric acidity increased and excretion of neutral red occurred. Simultaneously the kallikrein activity and kallikreinogen concentration as well as concentration of kininogen became enhanced whereas the bradykinin of plasma decreased. The data suggest that the mechanism of activation of the stomach secretory and excretory functions after removal of parotid glands involves inactivation of the blood kallikrein system. PMID- 6783449 TI - Diurnal rhythm of activity of some lysosomal hydrolases. PMID- 6783450 TI - Porphyrin biosynthesis in Euglena gracilis--IV. an endogenous factor controlling the enzymic synthesis of porphyrinogens and its possible role in the treatment of some porphyrias. PMID- 6783451 TI - Differences in routes of conjugation with glucuronic acid and sulphate in normal and cancerous tissue from human lung. PMID- 6783452 TI - Multiple forms of membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in human leucocytes. PMID- 6783453 TI - Association of glycolytic enzymes with the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6783454 TI - Advances in amino acid metabolism in mammals. PMID- 6783455 TI - The distribution and synthesis of hepatic glucokinase. PMID- 6783456 TI - Electrophoretically homogeneous cytochrome P-450: influence of a series of unsaturated fatty acids on the reconstituted hydroxylase activity. PMID- 6783457 TI - Structure, function and an inherited defect of 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complexes. PMID- 6783458 TI - Isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues. PMID- 6783459 TI - The effect of ionophore A23187 on protein degradation in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6783460 TI - Inhibitors and stimulants of prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase in stomach extracts. PMID- 6783461 TI - Comparison of the inhibition by human serum, haptoglobin and albumin of biosynthesis of various prostaglandins. PMID- 6783462 TI - [Studies of oogenesis in Bufo arenarum (author's transl)]. AB - Based on a series of macroscopic and histological observations, during an annual cycle, the main stages of oogenesis in Bufo arenarum (Hensel) have been recognized, pointing out the most significant features. The analysis has established five characteristic stages which permit the individualization of the maturation stage of the oocyte in the ovary. All the information obtained has provided the possibility of drawing up a synthetic table so that the oogenetic stages of this amphibian species, very much used in Argentine experimentation, could be easily recognized. PMID- 6783463 TI - The use of affinity matrices in the purification of inhibin from bovine follicular fluid. AB - The protein associated with inhibin-like activity in bovine follicular fluid was purified 80- to 120-fold after successive adsorptions on different affinity matrices, i.e. Matrex gel red A, phenyl sepharose, omega-aminohexyl agarose and concanavalin-A sepharose. Partial characterization of the active protein resulted in the conclusion that inhibin from bovine follicular fluid is a hydrophobic glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight between 60 000 and 70 000 daltons. An antiserum, raised against an 80-fold purified preparation, prevented the inhibin-like action of bovine follicular fluid on pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 6783464 TI - The radioimmune assay of ecdysteroid titres in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The use of radioimmune assays to determine ecdysteroid titres during insect development has become widespread in recent years. In this review I consider the application of these assays to studies on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. In all, 8 studies have been undertaken with somewhat conflicting results. I discuss the underlying problems in these studies and relate them to studies in Calliphora and Manduca. I also consider evidence from in vitro studies of Drosophila tissues regarding the levels of circulating, biologically active, ecdysteroids and argue that the fluctuations so far described are not sufficient to explain the control functions ascribed to ecdysteroids in many developmental processes. PMID- 6783465 TI - Preparation, specific binding, and biological activity of a monosubstituted fluorescein derivative of prolactin. AB - A monosubstituted fluorescein derivative of ovine prolactin has been prepared by the reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate with the hormone at pH 8.0. Reaction under the specified conditions results in a derivative incorporating one fluorescein moiety per molecule of prolactin as judged by coordinated UV spectroscopy and amino acid analysis. The absence of NH2-terminal threonine in the derivative indicates that the point of fluorescein attachment is the NH2 terminal amino group, whose substitution is expected to be favored at pH 8.0. The derivative was found to retain significant specific binding on both rabbit mammary and rat ventral prostate membrane preparations in competition with 125I labeled prolactin, and to show saturable stimulation of progesterone production in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. It is anticipated that this derivative will be useful in studies of prolactin-target cell interactions. This study shows that NH2-terminal monosubstituted derivatives of ovine prolactin are readily formed under specified conditions at pH 8.0; these conditions may be useful in the preparation of other derivatives of this type. PMID- 6783466 TI - Transient osteosclerosis associated with sodium valproate. AB - A 15-year-old boy on sodium valproate presented with pain in the extremities which had not responded to aspirin. X-ray of the long bones showed increased density in the metaphyses. After discontinuation of the drug his symptoms and the X-ray abnormalities disappeared. PMID- 6783467 TI - Degradation of chondroitin 4-sulfate by rat stomach exoglycosidases, sulfohydrolase and hyaluronidase-like enzymes. AB - Rat stomach enzymes degrade chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4-S) by cooperative enzyme action yielding monosaccharides, SO4 (=) and oligosaccharides. Evidence for this was obtained by analyzing the effects of adding inhibitors and rate-limiting enzyme to incubation mixtures. A size preference appears to exist, since oligosaccharides of DP4-10 liberated by a gastric hyaluronidase-like enzyme is a poor substrate for desulfation by the gastric enzyme complex. PMID- 6783468 TI - Estrogen regulation of yolk and non-yolk protein synthesis in the avian liver. An immunocytochemical study. AB - The effects of acute and chronic estrogen treatment on two egg yolk proteins, vitellogenin and apoVLDL-II, and two non-yolk proteins, ovalbumin and apoA-I, were studied by immunocytochemical techniques. Three groups of cockerels received either no treatment, or a single injection of diethylstilbestrol (DES, 2.5 mg) (acute stimulation) 24 h before killing, or 14 daily injections of 2.5 mg DES (chronic stimulation) before killing. The animals were killed at 4 weeks of age and their livers examined with respect to the distribution of the four different proteins by the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Vitellogenin was undetectable in the untreated cockerel liver. A single injection of DES resulted in the appearance of the protein in approximately 10%-15% of the hepatocytes. Chronic DES stimulation increased the number of positive cells to about 20%. In contrast, apoVLDL-II was present in 1%-2% of the hepatocytes in untreated animals. It was detected in an increased proportion (20%-25%) of cells after a single dose of DES. After chronic estrogen treatment, there was a very marked increase in the number of positive cells (less than 90%). Ovalbumin was undetectable in untreated cockerel liver, while apoA-I was detected in an extremely low proportion of cells (0.005%-0.01%). Neither ovalbumin nor apoA-I distribution seemed to be affected by a single dose of DES. However, chronic DES treatment resulted in the appearance of ovalbumin-containing cells (approximately 0.02%) and a marked increase in the number of cells containing apoA-I (10%-15%). PMID- 6783469 TI - (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG) as the primordial sequence of intergenic spacers: the role in immunoglobulin class switch. AB - The means employed for immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch appears to be no different from that by which meiotic intergenic crossing-overs at accomplished. As with other intergenic spacers, the 5' noncoding sequence of each Ig CH (immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region) gene apparently undergoes unconstrained sequence changes due to randomly sustained base substitutions, deletions, and duplications. Yet, there remains sufficient regional sequence homology between the Ig Cmu 5' noncoding sequence and those of its somatic recombination partners, e.g., Ig C gamma 1, Ig C gamma 2b, Ig C alpha, because each of these 5' noncoding sequences is made of multiple copies in various stages of degeneracy of one primordial 20 base pair-long sequence: (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (AGCTG) (GGGTG). PMID- 6783470 TI - Involvement of the upper digestive tract by systemic neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6783471 TI - Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: a nonoperative technique for feeding gastrostomy. AB - Feeding gastrostomy is a useful means of providing nutrition in patients unable to swallow. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy provides a means for creating a feeding gastrostomy without the necessity for laparotomy. It adds a new tool to the armamentarium of the therapeutic endoscopist. PMID- 6783472 TI - Conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine in an adult amphibian, Bufo marinus. PMID- 6783474 TI - Properties of Bacillus subtilis 168 derivatives freed of their natural prophages. AB - An isogenic set of Bacillus subtilis 168 strains which are non-inducible for prophage PBSX and are cured of prophage SP beta has been constructed. By utilizing these strains, prophage SP beta has been shown to control the inducible DNA modification system which exists in this bacterium. However, neither the PBSX nor the SP beta prophages alter the ability of the bacterium to undergo genetic recombination, to repair damaged DNA or to sporulate. Prophageless B. subtilis would be a useful host for the phi 3T cloning vector, because of the absence of vector--prophage interactions. PMID- 6783473 TI - Genetic variability of Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza viruses: spontaneous mutations and their location in the viral genome. AB - The genetic heterogeneity of five influenza A (H3N2) strains isolated between 1968 and 1977 has been estimated by T1-oligonucleotide fingerprinting of 32P labeled viral RNA. Assuming that the large T1-resistant oligonucleotides represent a random sample of the viral RNA, the genetic differences observed would affect 0.3 to 10.7% of the RNA positions of the genes studied, depending on the pair of viruses considered. A smaller degree of genetic heterogeneity was observed when six coetaneous viral samples were compared. The distribution of spontaneous mutations among the viral genes was studied by fingerprinting individual RNA segments isolated either by gel electrophoresis or hybridization with plasmids containing influenza-specific DNA sequences. No statistically significant differences were detected in the distribution of mutations among the viral genes studied. The mutation frequency at the hemagglutinin RNA region coding for the HA1 subunit was found to be two times higher than that at the region encoding that HA2 subunit. Our results suggest that the antigenic variability of influenza viruses may be a consequence of a general genetic variability which effects many of the viral genes. PMID- 6783475 TI - A site-specific recE4-independent intramolecular recombination between Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus DNAs in hybrid plasmids. AB - A composite plasmid pLS253 was constructed from pLS103 [carrying the Bacillus subtilis leucine genes on B. subtilis (natto) plasmid pLS28] and pHV14 [a recombinant plasmid composed of pBR322 and the staphylococcal R-plasmid pC194] employing BamHI endonuclease, T4 DNA ligase, and B. subtilis transformation. All the Leu+ Cmr transformants tested harbored not only pLS253 but also two smaller plasmids designated as pLS251 and pLS252. pLS253 DNA, when purified on an agarose gel, retained both Leu+ and Cmr transforming activities; however, in all the Leu+ Cmr transformants, the two smaller plasmids reappeared. pLS251 and pLS252 exhibited Leu+- or Cm4-transforming activity, respectively, and must have been derived from the pLS253 parent by an intramolecular recombination event, since the sum of the pLS251 and pLS252 DNAs represent the entire pLS253 genome. The recombination occurred between specific sites on the B. subtilis (natto) and Staphylococcus aureus plasmids. When the composite plasmid, pLS254, was constructed by BamHI cleavage of pLS251 and pLS252 followed by ligation, Leu+ Cmr transformants segregated two smaller plasmids which were indistinguishable from the original plasmids pLS103 and pHV14, respectively. They must have been derived from pLS254 through a reversal of the original recombination event. No intermolecular recombination between pLS251 and pLS252 DNA was detected. The recombination process was independent of recE function of the host cells, and its mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6783477 TI - [Establishment of the maximum permissible concentration of a copper-diammonium complex of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid in the water of reservoirs]. PMID- 6783476 TI - [Use of multifactor correlation analysis in experimental toxicology in the study of animal behavioral reactions]. PMID- 6783478 TI - [Treatment of septico-pyemic lung abscesses]. PMID- 6783479 TI - [Gas exchange characteristics in blood loss compensation after lung resection]. PMID- 6783480 TI - Jejunal water and electrolyte secretion induced by L-arginine in man. AB - In this study a perfusion technique has been used to investigate jejunal secretion in response to the dibasic amino acid L-arginine. L-arginine at 5, 15, and 40 mmol/l in isotonic saline solutions induced net intestinal secretion of water and Na+. The structurally similar dibasic amino acid L-lysine caused net absorption at 5 and 15 mmol/l, and only modest net secretion of water and Na+ at 40 mmol/l, although absorption rates of the two amino acids were similar. D arginine (15 mmol/l) was without effect on net water and Na+ absorption. L arginine 15 mmol/l inhibited glucose-stimulated water and Na+ absorption when perfused in the same intestinal segment, but was without effect when perfused in separate jejunal or ileal segments. Parenteral chlorpromazine inhibited L arginine induced jejunal water and Na+ secretion. Jejunal secretion induced by L arginine thus appears not to be due to passive osmotic water flow, nor to release of circulating secretagogues. Stimulation of a mucosal secretory process is most likely to be the mechanism. PMID- 6783481 TI - Tamoxifen as a possible chemotherapeutic agent in endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6783482 TI - Perioperative influences on infectious morbidity in radical hysterectomy. PMID- 6783483 TI - Ovarian endocrine function in young women undergoing radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. PMID- 6783484 TI - [Estimated health care expenditures for 'demented' patients]. AB - The authors try to give a cost containment analysis of the health care costs spent on patients labelled as suffering from dementia (presenile, senile dementia, Alzheimer's disease, organic psychotic conditions, arteriosclerotic dementia, depressive and paranoid dementia and others). Due to the difficulties in defining dementia, only a rough impression of the costs can given. The total costs of intramural care in 1977-1978 were about of f 912,9 million/year ($ 456,4 million). Intramural care in the Netherlands includes general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals and nursing homes (longstay annexes) with a psychogeriatric ward. This is about 7% of all costs spent on intramural care in the Netherlands. Extramural, ambulatory care was estimated circa f 274 million ($ 137 million) and daycare centres in nursinghomes on f 2 million ($ 1 million). Extramural care is given by general practitioners, ambulant social psychogeriatric teams and community services delivered by public health nurses. The estimated total costs were circa f 1189 million ($ 594 million) or about 5% of the total costs spent on health care/year which is f 761 ($ 380)/elderly person and 0,4% of the national income. In contrast the expenses on scientific research in gerontology in the Netherlands--especially in the field of dementia--are almost nil. Dementia needs more attention than it receives today. PMID- 6783485 TI - [Cesarean section during continuous peridural anesthesia]. PMID- 6783486 TI - [Estrone, estradiol and estriol content after intravaginal application of estriol in postmenopause]. PMID- 6783487 TI - Validating professional judgment in a home care agency. AB - In the absence of validate assessment techniques, health care practitioners often make professional judgments regarding their clients' needs for services. This article explores the validity and reliability of those judgments in a home care agency and discusses the implications for decision-making in long-term care. PMID- 6783489 TI - About so-called "mono-grand mal epilepsy". PMID- 6783488 TI - Working relationships among agencies in long-term placement. PMID- 6783490 TI - Prognosis of myoclonic seizures in childhood epilepsy: a follow-up study of more than three years. PMID- 6783491 TI - An electroencephalographic study on a family of myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6783492 TI - An analytic study on 410 absence seizures in 124 patients with generalized epilepsy. PMID- 6783493 TI - Findings of computed tomography in cases of infantile spasms and Lennox syndrome. PMID- 6783494 TI - A case on Lennox's syndrome of adolescent: type showing various kinds of psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 6783495 TI - [Glucose or sugar substitutes in parenteral infusions? The choice of carbohydrates in postoperative infusion therapy]. AB - The aim of parenteral nutrition should be to optimise fluid, energy and nitrogen balance. In the post-traumatic or post-operative phase a stress induced glucose intolerance may occur and it may become difficult to meet the patient's energy requirements with glucose alone. For these reasons the use of sugar substitutes (fructose, sorbitol and xylitol) in combination with glucose is recommended as an alternative. Patients receiving a mixed sugar solution of glucose, fructose and xylitol at a ratio of 1:2:1 require less exogenous insulin and yet maintain a lower blood glucose concentration. Used in limited quantities, we encountered no side effects either in patients undergoing elective surgery or requiring intensive care. PMID- 6783496 TI - Non-surgical reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6783497 TI - Limited usefulness of the breath test in evaluation of drug metabolism: a study in human oral contraceptive users treated with dimethylaminoantipyrine and diazepam. AB - Demethylation of 14C-dimethyl-N-aminoantipyrine (aminopyrine) and 14C-diazepam was measured by means of a breath test in women taking oral contraceptive steroids (OCS) and in controls not receiving OCS. Short-term half-life of 14CO2 in the breath after intake of 2 muCi of aminopyrine was significantly prolonged in women taking OCS when compared with controls. After intake of 2 muCi diazepam there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. With 2 muCi diazepam or 10 muCi aminopyrine a biexponential decline of 14CO2 content in the breath was superimposed on a circadian, rhythm. 14CO2 in the aminopyrine breath test in the morning increased after the patients had risen from bed, whereas in the diazepam breath test the 14CO2 content decreased. It is concluded that the effect of OCS on drug metabolism is very specific. Furthermore, the appearance of 14CO2 in the breath does not depend only on hepatic microsomal demethylation. PMID- 6783498 TI - Alterations in thyroxine metabolism in Crohn's disease. AB - To evaluate the possible alterations in thyroxine metabolism in patients with Crohn's disease (C.D.), the serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) were determined in 23 patients with C.D. and in 25 healthy controls. While concentrations of T4 and rT3 in patients with C.D. were similar to those seen in healthy controls, serum T3 was lower in patients with C.D. (0.93 +/- 0.4 ng/ml) than in controls (1.20 +/- 0.3 ng/ml, p less than 0.005). TBG concentrations were elevated in two patients with C.D., and below normal in two others. However, the group mean of TBG concentrations in patients with C.D. (23.7 +/- 6.9 micrograms/ml) was similar to that of healthy controls (21.9 +/- 3.6 micrograms/ml, p greater than 0.05). Changes in peripheral deiodination of thyroxine, enhanced in some cases by treatment with glucocorticoids and/or increased turnover of T3 may be the cause of the decreased concentration of T3 in some patients with Crohn's disease. PMID- 6783499 TI - Regulation by heparin and hyaluronic acid of the fibronectin-dependent association of collagen, Type III, with macrophages. AB - Trypsinized peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs moderately bound soluble native 125I-collagen, type III. The association was slightly improved by plasma fibronectin. An additional considerable enhancement was achieved by heparin or heparan sulfate in presence of fibronectin. The enhancing effect of the two N sulfated glycosaminoglycans was observed over a broad concentration range and, in case of heparin, exhibited a maximum near 1 mg/ml. Further rise of concentration resulted in a decline of binding. The related heparan sulfate potentiated binding less effectively than heparin. Optimal efficiency was recorded with lower concentrations. Hyaluronic acid, in higher concentrations, suppressed the enhancing effect of heparin or heparan sulfate on collagen binding. The improved attachment of native collagen, type III, to cells in presence of fibronectin and N-sulfated glycosaminoglycans was explained by a heparin/heparan sulfate induced conversion of soluble fibronectin to fibrils which showed an increased affinity to rod-like collagen molecules as well as to cell-surface structures. Hyaluronic acid, probably, inhibited the interaction of fibronectin fibrils with these substrates. Heparin and heparan sulfate, also in the absence of fibronectin, improved within a limited concentration range the binding of native 125I collagen, type III, to the cells. The amount attached was, however, considerably less than in presence of fibronectin. PMID- 6783500 TI - Effect of human granulocytic elastase on isolated human antithrombin III. AB - The interaction of elastase isolated from human granulocytes with purified human antithrombin III was investigated. Antithrombin III did not display any inhibitory effect on granulocytic elastase. Dependent on enzyme concentration, however, granulocytic elastase induced progressive inactivation of antithrombin III leading to an almost complete loss of the thrombin inhibitory activity at a molar ratio of elastase: antithrombin III = 0.4:1 within 5 min at 25 degrees C. Antithrombin III is not drastically degraded by elastase as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic and rocket immunoelectrophoretic investigations. However, characterization by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis with heparin in the first dimensional gel layer revealed a distinct change in the electrophoretic mobility of the inhibitor preincubated with elastase compared to native antithrombin III. This indicates that heparin binding sites of antithrombin III are occupied or affected by the elastase induced peptide bond cleavage(s). Granulocytic proteinase inhibitors (eglin, Bowman-Birk inhibitor) proved to be highly effective in preventing the antithrombin III inactivation by degradation due to elastase. It is assumed that at least part of the antithrombin III consumption in diseases such as septicemia or endotoxemia is due to proteolysis by granulocytic proteinases. Application of specific inhibitors in the early phase of these ailments should be able to prevent this unspecific degradation of the endogenous antithrombin III. PMID- 6783501 TI - [Total synthesis of human big gastrin I. Revised primary structure (author's transl)]. AB - The synthesis of the tetratriacontapeptide amide corresponding to the revised structure of human big gastrin I is described. The fully protected peptide derivative was obtained by assembly in sequence order of the suitably protected fragments [1--9], [10--14] and [15--34] via the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/N hydroxysuccinimide and azide method, respectively. Upon removal of the protecting groups by exposure to trifluoroacetic acid and purification of the resulting crude product by chromatographic methods, human big gastrin I was obtained in satisfactory yields and at a high degree of purity. The identical immunological crossreactivities of natural and synthetic human big gastrin I using anti-porcine big gastrin I antiserum strongly supports the correctness of the newly proposed primary structure of this member of the gastrin family. PMID- 6783502 TI - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia simulating lymphadenopathy. AB - A case of angiolymphoid hyperplasia (AHE) with eosinophilia presenting with recurrent inguinal swellings simulating lymphadenopathy is described. Tissue was examined by light microscopic techniques, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy showed large numbers of cytoplasmic filaments and bizarre Weibel-Palade bodies in the atypical endothelial cells that characterize AHE. Factor VIII related antigen was demonstrated in a small proportion of these cells by immunoperoxidase staining. The absence of staining for lysozyme and alpha 1 antitrypsin does not support the concept that these cells are histiocytic in nature. The prominent lymphoid and plasma cell proliferative elements in this case showed a polytypic staining pattern for immunoglobulin. An unusual reticular staining pattern for IgE was observed in the lymphoid follicles. The nature and pathogenesis of AHE is discussed in the light of previous publications and the findings in this case. PMID- 6783503 TI - The role of the young in the control of the hormonal events during lactation and behavioral weaning in the golden hamster. PMID- 6783504 TI - Effects of prepubertal castration on the development of the scent glands, scent marking, and aggression in the saddle back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis, Callitrichidae, primates). PMID- 6783505 TI - Cost effectiveness of multiphasic screening: old controversies and a new rationale. AB - The cost effectiveness of multiphasic screening is evaluated from a conceptual as well as from a practical viewpoint. Conceptual analysis includes a consideration of the technical sensitivity and specificity of the tests used, of the prevalences of the screened diseases, and of the costs and values associated with different outcomes of screening. Practical considerations include the potential of multiphasic screening for increasing productivity, for reassuring patients, and for reducing morbidity and mortality. Although all these issues can be cogently formulated, at present none can be documented by a comprehensive set of data leading to irrefutable conclusions. Therefore, the issue of who should be screened continues to be obfuscated by controversy and prejudice. To resolve this dilemma a new rationale for the use of multiphasic screening is developed. This is based on a small number of uncontroversial facts and leads to practical proposals relating to how standards for useful test batteries can be constructed. PMID- 6783507 TI - Effect of heavy water on structure-function relationship of lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei. PMID- 6783506 TI - Permeability of the cell-to-cell membrane channel and its regulation in an insect cell junction. AB - Cells of organs and tissues commonly communicate directly with one another via permeable membrane junctions. Cell-to-cell channels, spanning the width of both membranes of a junction, are thought to provide the pathways between the cytoplasms of adjacent cells for the immediate exchange of ions and small molecules. We study these cell-to-cell channels in a cell model system, the salivary gland of Chironomus. Using intracellularly injected fluorescent labelled peptides and oligosaccharides of various molecular dimensions as channel permeability probes we find the channels to have a bore of about 2 nm. The channel permeability can be modulated and, in the extreme, the channels can be closed under various experimental conditions. With the aid of the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin as monitor of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration, we show that a determining factor in this modulation of channel permeability is the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration. Moreover, results obtained by injection of different-sized and different-labelled channel permeability probes together with Ca2+ indicate that closure of the individual channels may occur in more than one step, i.e., by a graded reduction of channel bore. PMID- 6783508 TI - Kinetics of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions and Ig levels in FCA induced dysgammaglobulinemic B 12 chickens. AB - Kinetic studies on delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) have been done in spontaneous dysgammaglobulinemic chickens, which have drastically reduced serum IgG levels and highly elevated IgM and IgA levels in comparison to chickens with normal immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. For a period of five weeks, serum Ig levels, leukocyte migration inhibition (LMIT), and wattle reaction were examined once a week. In normal chickens, FCA treatment resulted in stimulation of IgG, but did not affect IgM synthesis, whereas in spontaneous dysgammaglobulinemic chickens, FCA stimulated only IgM synthesis. Spontaneous dysgammaglobulinemic chickens could produce LMIT and wattle reactions as well as normal birds. Whereas in normal birds, both types of DTH reactions declined continuously about the third or fourth week, in immunodeficient chickens, further increments of LMIT and wattle reactions up to the fifth week persisted as evidenced by LMIT and wattle reactions even 15 weeks after sensitization. In contrast, only minimal signs of reactivity were seen in normal birds. Spontaneous dysgammaglobulinemic chickens, nearly unable to synthesize IgG even after FCA stimulation in vivo, lack suppressive mechanisms regulating the course of DTH reaction to FCA. The possible B-cell nature of the regulatory cell population is discussed. PMID- 6783509 TI - Cholesterol & free-fatty acids biosynthesis during protein malnutrition & steroid maintained pregnancy in rats. PMID- 6783511 TI - Di-iodohydroxyquinoline in the treatment of bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 6783510 TI - Induction of lysis in lysogenic bacteria by liver microsomal metabolites of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6783512 TI - Idiotypic regulation of mouse anti-H-2 antibody responses. I. induction of 5936 idiotype-bearing Ig molecules upon immunization with H-2k alloantigen. AB - Mouse-immunoglobulin (MIg) tolerant rabbits immunized with mouse H-2 antibodies produced anti-idiotype antisera, which were reactive towards specific B- and T cell receptors. One such rabbit antiserum (from rabbit 5936) defines a family of idiotypes (Id) designated 5936-idiotypes (Rubin et al. 1979). The present experiments were performed in order to establish (1) the nature of 5936-Id+ serum molecules, (2) the specificity of 5936-Id+ serum molecules, (3) the association of the 5936-Id genes to allotype and/or H-2 genes and (4) the immunological role of 5936-Id+ serum molecules. A sensitive radioimmunoassay employing 125I-labelled F(ab)2 fragments of B6 anti-B10.BR MIg pool, 5936 antiserum, and a sheep anti rabbit immunoglobulin antiserum, was used.--The results suggested that 5936-Id+ serum molecules were exclusively MIg, and that they were mainly of the IgG1 class. Such molecules were induced in B6 mice (H-2b/Ig-1b) upon immunization with H-2k but not with H-2q alloantigen or conventional antigens. The 5936-Id were found to be associated with Ig-1b allotypes and the H-2b complex may contain immune response (Ir) genes which, in comparison with Ir genes in H-2d and H-2s, favor the expression of 5936-Id.--Adsorption of 5936-Id+ B6 anti-CBA MIg preparations on CBA (IAk) spleen cells demonstrated that CBA antibodies were 5936 Id-. It is discussed whether 5936-Id+, IgG1 molecules in B6 anti-CBA sera are anti-(anti-CBA) antibodies or nonspecific antibodies, the production of which is augmented by immunization with IAk alloantigen. PMID- 6783513 TI - Biochemical comparison of H-2K antigen isolated from C3HfB/HeN and C3H/HeN mice. AB - The H-2K glycoproteins were isolated from spleen cells of C3H/HeN and C3HfB/Hen mice and compared by tryptic peptide mapping techniques. The two antigens were found to be very similar in that more than 90 percent of detectable peptides appeared identical. However, two lysine-containing peptide present in tryptic digests of H-2K antigens isolated from C3H mice were absent from tryptic digests of H-2K antigens isolated from C3Hf mice. This was probably not the result of altered glucosylation since neuramindase digestion demonstrated that the disparate peptides were not glycopeptides but most probably resulted from substitution of one or two amino acids in the H-2K molecule of C3HfB/HeN mice. These differences were small but significant and demonstrated that H-2Kk (C3H) and H-2Kkv1 (C3Hf) antigens are structurally distinct. This is compatible with the observed reciprocal skin-graft rejection, MLR, and generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes between the two strains. The significance of this finding in conjunction with what is known about properties of 1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea-induced tumors of C3Hf mice is discussed. PMID- 6783514 TI - A xenogeneic monoclonal antibody recognizing specificities controlled by HLA-A and B alleles. AB - In the present paper one reagent among the many prepared has been carefully studied. It is a xenogeneic monoclonal antibody, F10.13/13, obtained by immunizing mice with human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The splenocytes of the immunized mice were fused with a murine were fused with a murine myeloma and the supernatants of the resulting Ig-secreting hybridomas were tested against appropriate targets. --F10.13/13 behaves in a very peculiar manner from the serological point of view and we think that it reacts with maximal affinity with an epitope expressed most strongly on HLA glycoproteins controlled by genes B8, B7, and Aw19. PMID- 6783516 TI - Carriage of Salmonella species by laboratory animals. PMID- 6783515 TI - Serological study of acute respiratory tract infection in children with reference to Mycoplasma pneumoniae complement fixing and cold hemagglutinating antibodies. PMID- 6783517 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the bladder in children. PMID- 6783518 TI - Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes. PMID- 6783519 TI - Cost-effectiveness of a worksite hypertension treatment program. AB - The cost-effectiveness of treating hypertension at the patient's place of work was compared in a randomized controlled trial with care delivered in a community. The average total cost per patient for worksite care in this 12-month study was not significantly different from that for regular care ($242.86 +/- 6.94 vs $211.34 +/- 18.66, mean +/- SEM). The worksite health system cost was significantly more expensive ($197.36 +/- 4.99 vs $129.33 +/- 13.34, p less than 0.001) but the patient cost was significantly less ($45.40 +/- 3.23 vs $82.00 +/- 6.20, p less than 0.01). The mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure (BP) at the year-end assessment was significantly greater in the worksite group (12.1 +/- 0.6 vs 6.5 +/- 0.6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $5.63 per mm Hg for worksite care was less than the base cost effectiveness ratio of $32.51 per mm Hg for regular care, indicating that the worksite program was substantially more cost-effective. Our findings support health policies that favor allocating resources to work-based hypertension treatment programs for the target group identified in this study. PMID- 6783520 TI - Effect of mepyramine on the histaminase release induced by heparin injection and anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. AB - Injection of heparin as well as antigenic challenge in sensitized guinea pigs are known to produce a release of histaminase into the plasma. In the present study, tissue histaminase estimation was done by Spencer's method (17) and plasma estimation by Kapellar Adler's (7) method. Mepyramine pretreatment considerably decreased the histaminase release by both heparin and anaphylaxis. Mepyramine did not antagonise the anticoagulant action of heparin in vitro. PMID- 6783521 TI - Aflatoxin and Indian Childhood Cirrhosis. PMID- 6783522 TI - [Packing of a preformed bone cavity with biodegradable material: value of chondroitin sulfuric acid in the osteogenic process]. PMID- 6783523 TI - [Enteral feeding. New technics and feeding mixtures]. AB - We tried to show, that feeding via intrajejunal tube with a chemically defined diet (CDD) is a procedure possible done in the early postoperative situation beginning with the 1st postoperative day. We investigated 20 patients after cholecystectomy - randomized into two groups (group I: CDD, group II: control; water - electrolyte - substitution via peripheral veins). It was proven, that the CDD - group tolerated the enteral feeding from the beginning very well. The N balance became positive on the 2nd postoperative day. Further investigations and results have to show if this form of tube feeding with a special diet may be a definite alternative to parenteral nutrition in patients after gastrointestinal surgery in the very early postoperative period. PMID- 6783524 TI - [Postoperative infusion therapy - peripheral parenteral feeding and carbohydrate administration]. AB - A randomised clinical trial was undertaken to compare different peripheral infusion regimens with regard to nitrogen balance and alpha-amino nitrogen excretion. 55 moderately catabolic patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy received either a parenteral nutrition regimen consisting of 0,6 g amino acid and 4,0 g carbohydrate/kg BW/day or isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate (5,0 g/kg BW/day) alone. Water and electrolytes were administered identically in both groups. Amino acid substitution resulted in a significant improvement in nitrogen balance. In contrast to the results of other investigators nitrogen retention was found to be higher on the day of the operation than on the first postoperative day. Measuring the alpha-amino nitrogen content in urine it could be demonstrated that about 1.5% of the administered amino acid dose was not metabolised. PMID- 6783525 TI - [Parenteral feeding of patients with respiratory insufficiency. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6783526 TI - Amino acid solutions: composition and suitability for intravenous feeding in infants. AB - The amino acid composition, the electrolyte content, the titratable acidity, the osmolality and the pH of nine crystalline amino acid mixtures and one protein hydrolysate was analyzed and the results were compared with the data provided by the manufacturer. The amino acid composition of the protein hydrolysate (Aminosol 10%) showed a marked discrepancy between the concentration of amino acids measured and the concentration given by the manufacturer. The sodium, chloride and especially the ammonia content is high as compared to the synthetic amino acid solutions. The amino acid composition of the crystalline amino acid solutions was generally in reasonable good agreement with the composition given by the manufacturers. In DL-Trophysan an unknown amino acid, probably alloisoleucine, was found. Only in two (Vamin 7% and Amino acid solution 4200) out of eleven crystalline amino acid mixtures cystine and tyrosine could be detected; therefore only Amino acid solution 4200 and Vamin 7% might be suited for infants. However, infants fed parenterally with Vamin 7% often showed elevated levels of several amino acids. Amino acid solution 4200 with a composition similar to human milk seems to be more adapted and needs further investigation. PMID- 6783527 TI - [Differences in the elimination of intravenously administered intralipid and lipofundin S]. AB - Intravenous infusions of fat emulsions in different doses were performed using human volunteers. With both the dosages 0.1 gm/kg b.w. h and 0.25 gm/kg b.w. h) the elimination of intralipid was less effective than that of lipofundin S. During intralipid, therefore, significantly higher blood concentrations for triglycerides were attained. It is concluded, that different guidelines for the dosage of intravenous fat should be given. The kind of the preparation, e.e. the physical status of the fat particles and not merely the chemical composition, are obviously influencing the metabolic handling of intravenous fat. A strong monitoring of the patients triglyceride concentration during intravenous fat is recommended. An steady increase in serum triglyceride concentration or a significant lipemia should be an indication for the termination of the fat infusion. PMID- 6783528 TI - [Effect of high-dose parenteral fructose, glucose and mannitol on the rat kidney]. AB - As previously observed after infusions of glycerol, fructose infusions with rates above the average maximal turnover capacity (3.5 g X kg-1 X h-1) result in damage of the kidneys as shown by a decrease of the total activity of glycerokinase and fructokinase and excretion of glycerokinase in the urine. Beginning alterations of the kidneys are dependent on time and dose become evident by a depletion of protein per gram fresh weight. In the beginning of the changes the total activity of enzymes in the kidneys remaining constant. Interrelations between the observed kidney alterations, turnover capacity, substrate concentrations in the blood, and the rate of renal excretion are discussed with regard to the results after infusions of glucose and mannitol. For infusion therapy it can be deduced, that dosage in borderline cases should be determined by the blood level of the substrate rather than by body weight, if undesirable effects are to be avoided. PMID- 6783530 TI - Serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated cattle by using purified soluble antigens from Brucella abortus in a hemagglutination system. AB - Serological tests used in current brucellosis eradication schemes, such as bacterial tube agglutination, do not readily distinguish between infected animals and those immunized with strain 19 or 45/20 Brucella abortus vaccines. In this study, sera from naturally infected cattle were used to identify serologically important antigens in extracts of virulent B. abortus by gel diffusion techniques. Antisera from rabbits hyperimmunized with selected precipitation lines were used for purification by affinity chromatography of two precipitating and one non-precipitating antigen from crude bacterial extracts. A passive hemagglutination test using these antigens was developed. A number of characterized bovine sera were screened by passive hemagglutination and conventional bacterial tube agglutination test. A considerable improvement in discrimination between sera from infected and vaccinated cattle was obtained with the hemagglutination test compared with bacterial tube agglutination. PMID- 6783529 TI - Phospholipase A activity in the hemolysis of sheep and human erythrocytes by Rickettsia prowazeki. AB - Incubation of Rickettsia prowazeki with sheep or human erythrocytes resulted in lysis of the erythrocytes and formation of free fatty acids and lysophosphatides. Inhibitors of lysis were also invariably inhibitors of this phospholipase A activity. The target for this activity was the glycerophospholipids of the erythrocyte and not those of the rickettsia. Rickettsial phosphatidylethanolamine labeled with (32)PO(4) or [(3)H]acetate remained intact during lysis, and the composition of the free fatty acids released resembled that of the erythrocyte species used and not the rickettsiae. The products of hydrolysis remained associated with the sedimentable material in the reaction mixture under the usual conditions but partitioned into the supernatant fluid when bovine serum albumin was present. Initially, the time course of phospholipase A activity and lysis was identical, but the release of free fatty acids continued for a short time after the release of hemoglobin was complete. Both the inner and outer leaflets of the erythrocyte membrane were accessible to this rickettsial phospholipase A activity since both phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were substrates in human erythrocytes. The questions of whether rickettsiae possess their own phospholipase A or activate a latent erythrocyte enzyme and what the role of the energy requirement is in these processes remain unanswered. PMID- 6783531 TI - Candidacidal activity of mouse macrophages in vitro. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages were infected in vitro with Candida albicans, and the phagocytic and candidacidal activities were estimated by microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained cells. Activated macrophages obtained from either BCG-vaccinated animals or by in vitro exposure of normal macrophages to phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphokines exhibited higher phagocytic and candidacidal activities than did normal macrophages. However, activated macrophages obtained by in vitro exposure of macrophages to candida-induced lymphokines exhibited the highest phagocytic and candidacidal activities. The incorporation of immune mouse serum into the culture medium also enhanced the phagocytic and candidacidal activities of the normal macrophages but failed to improve the function of the activated macrophages. These results suggest that both activated macrophages and antibodies may be required for controlling candida infections in mice. PMID- 6783532 TI - Polyvalent antisera to Pseudomonas ribosomal vaccines: protection of mice against clinically isolated strains. AB - The preparation of polyvalent antisera to ribosomal vaccines from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described. The ability of these antisera to protect mice by passive immunization against challenge with randomly chosen, clinically isolated strains of P. aeruginosa is reported. Significant protection was achieved against 34 of 40 strains tested (85%). Included among these strains against which protection was achieved were four mucoid strains. In addition, the degree of cross protection attainable by the ribosomal vaccines was investigated. The results obtained indicated that these vaccines are generally serotype specific. PMID- 6783533 TI - Effect of environment on sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriocins. AB - The effect of environmental variation on the susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to pyocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was examined. Susceptibility to at least one pyocin was demonstrated in strains of N. gonorrhoeae (99%), N. meningitidis (35%), and N. lactamica (47%). The degree of sensitivity to pyocin displayed by N. gonorrhoeae was affected by varying the pH of the growth environment. Gonococcal strains were more sensitive to growth inhibition by pyocins at an alkaline pH and less sensitive to growth inhibition at an acid pH. Inhibitory titers fluctuated during nonselective subculture of fresh clinical isolates. There was no apparent correlation between auxotype and sensitivity to pyocin. Also, no relationship between colony morphology and pyocin sensitivity was seen. PMID- 6783534 TI - In vitro studies of Rickettsia-host cell interactions: ultrastructural study of Rickettsia prowazekii-infected chicken embryo fibroblasts. AB - Secondary chicken embryo fibroblasts infected in suspension with the Breinl strain of Rickettsia prowazekii and grown in monolayer culture were examined by both transmission and scanning electron microscopy at specific intervals after infection to study the effects of prolonged intracellular growth on the fine structure of the host cell and the rickettsiae. Cytopathological changes in the infected host cells were not apparent until late in the intracellular growth cycle when the cells began to rupture as a result of a large rickettsial burden. The only recognizable changes in heavily infected cells before lysis were the condensation of the intercristal matrix of some mitochondria and the apparent dissociation of ribosomes from the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Although the effects of intracellular growth of rickettsiae on the fine structure of the host cell were rather unremarkable when compared with those imposed by Rickettsia rickettsii in a similar cell system, noticeable morphological changes in the rickettsiae were recognized during the intracellular growth cycle. These changes first became apparent about 40 h postinfection and consisted primarily of an increased electron density of the rickettsiae, the appearance of numerous vacuoles in the rickettsial cytoplasm, and a slight reduction in size of the rickettsiae. Changes of this nature may reflect transitional phases of growth characteristically seen in free-living bacterial cell systems. PMID- 6783535 TI - Radioiodination of an outer membrane protein in intact Rickettsia prowazekii. AB - Intact Rickettsia prowazekii was radiolabeled with the glucose oxidase lactoperoxidase method of iodination. Separation of the rickettsial extract into cytoplasmic, outer and inner membrane fractions demonstrated that the outer membrane was preferentially labeled. Analysis of the polypeptides of these fractions on high-resolution slab polyacrylamide gels showed that most of the 125I was in polypeptide T49, an outer membrane constituent. Additional outer membrane polypeptides were iodinated in broken envelope preparations, demonstrating that T49 is uniquely accessible to the external environment and the asymmetric polypeptide organization of the outer membrane. PMID- 6783536 TI - Role of energy metabolism in Mycoplasma pneumoniae attachment to glass surfaces. AB - Attachment values of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to glass are normally very low when tested in buffer containing bovine serum albumin (10 mg/ml). However, the addition of one of the metabolizable sugars glucose, fructose, or mannose increased attachment more than 10-fold. The effect was dose dependent with a distinct optimum at about 0.25 mg/ml. Higher concentrations reduced this effect. Not only the sugars themselves but also the products of their catabolism, pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate, enhanced attachment. Pyruvate was effective in the same range of concentrations as the sugars, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate enhanced attachment at a significantly lower concentration (0.001 mg/ml). Higher levels of these substances also resulted in a decrease of attachment. The glucose induced increase could be partially inhibited by glucose analogs, especially by 3 O-methyl-glucopyranoside, and by various inhibitors or glycolysis. Furthermore, attachment was strongly reduced by the uncoupling agents carbonylcyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone and 2,4-dinitrophenol, as well as by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of the membrane-bound Mg2+-adenosine triphosphatase, whereas the ionophore valinomycin increased attachment by about 30%. These findings provide strong evidence for coupling between the attachment process of M. pneumoniae to glass and the utilization of metabolic energy. PMID- 6783537 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the major species-specific protein antigens of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii identified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Species-specific antigens from Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii were readily solubilized by French pressure cell extraction or sonication of Renografin density gradient-purified rickettsiae and were identified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. As measured by quantitative rocket immunoelectrophoresis, the species-specific typhus rocket antigens (STRAs) appeared to be proteins; they were denatured by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min but not by 50 degrees C treatment, and they were sensitive to pronase and trypsin but were not affected by periodate oxidation, glycosidases of various specificities, phospholipase A, or lipase. STRAs from both R. typhi and R. prowazekii were separated from common antigens by DE52 column chromatography of 100,000-X-g supernatant fractions of rickettsial extracts. The purified STRAs were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on Davis and sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The two purified STRAs were proteins with similar native electrophoretic mobilities in agarose and polyacrylamide gels, and these proteins had similar polypeptide patterns on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Most of the STRA activity migrated as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide and Davis polyacrylamide gels, although minor protein bands with STRA activity were also detected. The major STRA proteins constituted 10 to 15% of the total cellular protein of R. typhi and R. prowazekii. According to sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titrations, the STRA of R. prowazekii had substantial cross reactivity with rabbit antiserum prepared against R. typhi, as shown also by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, whereas the STRA of R. typhi reacted only very weakly with antiserum prepared against R. prowazekii according to the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and not at all according to rocket immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6783539 TI - Adherence of Neisseria meningitidis to human epithelial cells. AB - Carrier strains of Neisseria meningitidis are recovered almost solely from the posterior pharynx and they are often nongroupable or rough. Invasive strains can be serogrouped (encapsulated). We studied adherence of both carrier- and patient derived serogroupable and nongroupable meningococci to buccal epithelial and posterior pharyngeal cells. Fresh meningococcal isolates attached significantly better to pharyngeal than to buccal cells (P = 0.01). Strains that could be serogrouped adhered less than nongroupable strains (P less than 0.05). Meningococci passed in vitro became hemagglutinin negative and nonpiliated. Hemagglutinin-negative meningococci always adhered less to both epithelial cell types than the hemagglutinin-positive variants of the same strain. These results indicate that meningococcal pili probably mediate attachment to oropharyngeal cells, but encapsulation may reduce adherence. Localization of meningococci in the posterior pharynx is in part explained by the receptivity of the epithelial cells in this area for meningococci. PMID- 6783538 TI - Biological activities of Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides. AB - Purified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from smooth (s) and rough (R) strains of Brucella abortus and lipid A isolated from S-LPS by mild acid hydrolysis were examined in several assays of biological activity. Brucella S- and R-LPSs and Brucella lipid A activated the complement cascade. Previously reported mitogenic activation by Brucella LPSs of spleen cells from endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice was confirmed and also produced by isolated Brucella lipid A. Mitogenicity was not inhibited by polymyxin B, and amino acid analysis showed no binding of polymyxin B to Brucella LPS under conditions in which mitogenicity of phenol water-extracted Escherichia coli LPS was inhibited. S and R Brucella LPSs and lipid A all produced equivalent polyclonal stimulation of C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeAU spleen cells. Crude and purified LPS from S but not from R B. abortus was toxic for outbred mice, with 50% lethal doses approximately six times greater than that for E. coli LPS. S- and R-LPSs were abortifacient in pregnant outbred mice. S Brucella LPS was lethal for carrageenen-pretreated C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeAU mice, whereas only C3H/HeAU mice were killed by E. coli LPS. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the unique fatty acid composition of Brucella lipid A is responsible for its biological activity in endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice. The participation of the protein strongly bound to the lipid A cannot be excluded, but its mode of action, if any, is different from that of the lipid A-associated protein of enterobacterial LPS. PMID- 6783540 TI - Choriogonadotropin-like antigen in a strain of Streptococcus faecalis and a strain of Staphylococcus simulans: detection, identification, and characterization. AB - The presence of choriogonadotropin- and alpha-subunit-like materials in two species of bacteria identified as Staphylococcus simulans and Streptococcus faecalis have been demonstrated by the indirect fluorescein-labeled and the indirect peroxidase-labeled immunocytochemical techniques, utilizing antiserum for human choriogonadotropin, for its alpha and beta-subunits and the bera subunit COOH-terminal peptide. The bacteria were originally isolated from the urine of two patients with advanced forms of cancer. Chromatography done on the water-soluble extract of acetone powder preparations of the bacterial cultures revealed the presence of a material similar to the complete trophoblastic hormone and to its beta-subunit in the culture media of S. simulans, and to the beta subunit in the media of S. faecalis. No free alpha-subunit was detectable. Furthermore, the choriogonadotropin-like factor demonstrated biological activity in in vivo assay systems. From the present results, it can be concluded that some species of "cancer-associated" bacteria can synthesize a human trophoblastic hormone-like glycoprotein with physicochemical properties similar to those of the human trophoblastic hormone that is biologically active and that is either released complete or as one of its subunits in the culture media. PMID- 6783541 TI - Common antigens of streptococcal and non-streptococcal oral bacteria: immunochemical studies of extracellular and cell-wall-associated antigens from Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Actinomyces viscosus. AB - Soluble extracellular antigens (ESA) were prepared from the culture supernatant of exponential growing cells of Streptococcus sanguis OMZ 9 by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on a Bio-Gel P6 column. Soluble cell wall antigens (WEA) were obtained from the bacterial pellet by extraction with 1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6). Antisera against whole cells of S. sanguis and S. mutans of different serotypes, 10% trichloroacetic extracts of bacterial cell walls, dextran, ESA, and WEA were prepared by injecting the different antigens several times in rabbits. ESA and WEA were prepared from a representative strain of Bratthall's seven serological groups, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Actinomyces viscosus. All sera showed various agglutinin titers against heat killed cells, and titers were generally higher with homologous cells. The comparison of the different antigens using agar gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis showed the presence of extracellular common antigens in both ESA and WEA between the different strains. Absorption of anti-ESA sera with WEA, and anti-WEA sera with ESA, showed the existence of a specific antigen common to all bacteria in each fraction. Enzymatic treatment of the antigen before immunodiffusion demonstrated the protein nature of the two antigens present in ESA and WEA. PMID- 6783542 TI - Increased resistance and depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity to Listeria monocytogenes induced by pretreatment with lipopolysaccharide. AB - Intravenous injection of a small dose of lipopolysaccharide 24 h before infection with Listeria monocytogenes enhanced the resistance of mice to this organism. This protective effect of lipopolysaccharide related to the ability of nonimmune macrophages to inhibit bacterial proliferation in livers and spleens. Surprisingly, lipopolysaccharide-treated mice exhibited inferior acquired immunity, as measured by adoptive transfer of immunity to normal mice, delayed type hypersensitivity to Listeria antigens, and uptake of tritiated thymidine by lymphocytes in the spleen. These results support the view that lipopolysaccharide stimulates a highly effective anti-Listeria immunity via the macrophage component, despite interference with the lymphocyte component. PMID- 6783543 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi infection in B-cell-deficient rats. AB - The effect of neonatally initiated injections of anti-mu rabbit antiserum on immunity of rats against Trypanosoma cruzi infection was investigated in vivo. Anti-mu treatment resulted in a loss of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG2a synthesis and, subsequently, of antibody production. These rats so treated were shown to be significantly more susceptible to the acute phase of the infection than the control rats treated with normal rabbit serum, as measured by increased parasitemia and mortality. These results indicate the essential role of antibodies, probably in association with complement or effector cells or both, in immunity to acute Chagas' disease. PMID- 6783544 TI - Energy-independent uptake of iron from citrate by isolated outer membranes of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Cyanide-poisoned Neisseria meningitidis SD1C cells rapidly took up 55Fe from iron citrate complexes during the first 2 min, after which no further iron was accumulated. [14C]citrate was not taken up concomitantly with 55Fe by these cells. The 55Fe taken up by the poisoned cells was found in the membrane fraction after cells were broken; 70% of the radioactivity was distributed in the outer membrane, and 30% was in the inner membrane. Isolated outer membranes from iron starved cells were as capable of iron uptake from citrate as intact cells were. As with whole cells, [14C]citrate was not taken up by isolated outer membranes. A polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the proteins from citrate-dialyzed outer membranes after the uptake of 55Fe revealed that the radioactivity was associated with a major band of 36,500 molecular weight. PMID- 6783545 TI - Mitomycin C-treated Trypanosoma cruzi in vaccination of mice: induction of immunosuppression but not protection. AB - Attempts to immunize susceptible hosts against infection with Trypanosoma cruzi have generally not met with a high degree of success. In the present study, we used the antimetabolite mitomycin C to produce nonreplicating, attenuated culture forms of T. cruzi. Attempts to immunize highly susceptible C3H(He) mice with single or multiple inoculi of mitomycin C-treated trypanosomes 2 weeks before injection of infective blood-form trypomastigotes did not, however, lead to greater longevity in immunized mice over nonimmunized, control mice. It was determined that a single injection of 10(7) attenuated parasites induced a transient suppression of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes which was maximum on day 7, less on day 14, and undetectable by the 21st day after immunization. This immunosuppression to a heterologous antigen did not, however, appear to be the cause of the failure of the vaccination procedure to elicit protective immunity since mice immunized once with 10(7) mitomycin C-treated trypanosomes and challenged 30, 60, or 90 days later exhibited no greater longevity than control mice. PMID- 6783546 TI - Binding of bacteria from the genus Brucella to human B lymphocytes. AB - In previous studies, we have shown that various lymphocyte subpopulations bind different strains of bacteria of different genera and species. Among these bacteria was a strain of Brucella melitensis which bound to all human B lymphocytes. To determine whether the binding of B. melitensis to human B lymphocytes was strain, species, or genus characteristic, we tested the binding of B. melitensis, Brucella abortus, Brucella ovis, Brucella suis, Brucella canis and Brucella neotomae to human normal and leukemic B lymphocytes. The binding of different Brucella species to B lymphocytes was determined by single- and double labeling experiments in which a strain of Escherichia coli, coated with anti light chain antibodies, was used as a marker for B cells. As in previous experiments, we found that B. melitensis and antibody-coated E. coli bound to the same cells. Also, we found that all the other species of bacteria tested bound to the B lymphocytes, normal or leukemic. B. ovis and B. neotomae, which are not human pathogens, bound to fewer B lymphocytes than did the human pathogens B. abortus, B. melitensis, B. suis, and B. canis. Furthermore, we found that the quality of rosettes formed by the nonpathogenic bacteria with the lymphocytes, i.e., the number of bacteria per lymphocytes, was lower than that of pathogenic Brucella species. We conclude that all of the Brucella species tested have the ability to bind to human B lymphocytes, but that only those which are human pathogens bind firmly to all B lymphocytes and may be used as reliable markers for these cells. We also suggest that the binding of Brucella species to B lymphocytes may have some bearing on the pathogenesis of brucellosis in humans. PMID- 6783547 TI - Gonococcal infection in endotoxin-resistant and endotoxin-susceptible mice. AB - The role of endotoxin responsiveness in defense against gonococcal infection was studied in endotoxin-resistant (C3H/HeJ) and endotoxin-susceptible (C3H/HeN) mice by using a model of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and a model of gonococcal survival in the female genital tract to determine the ability of the mice to eliminate gonococci. The 50% lethal dose in the DGI model was 10(9.6) for C3H/HeJ mice and 10(5.2) for C3H/HeN mice. Levels of bacteremia during infection indicated the C3H/HeJ mice cleared large numbers of gonococci from their peripheral blood by 24 h post-inoculation but that C3H/HeN mice did not. Additionally, the peritoneal leukocyte response after intraperitoneal inoculation of gonococci was greater in C3H/HeJ mice than in C3H/HeN mice, which suggested that the ability to mount an inflammatory response to endotoxin may be important in defense against DGI. Besides being different in susceptibility to DGI, C3H/HeJ mice were found to be more resistant then C3H/HeN mice to genital colonization by gonococci. The resistance of C3H/HeJ mice to genital colonization by gonococci appeared to be due to both the high numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the genital secretion and the predominance of inhibitory gram-negative genital flora in that mouse strain. PMID- 6783548 TI - Adherence of bacteria to vaginal epithelial cells at various times in the menstrual cycle. AB - Adherence of vaginal isolates of Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus species, group B streptococci, Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae to exfoliated vaginal epithelial cells was studied in 10 healthy, sexually active medical students. Studies were done pre- and postmenstrually and at midcycle for two consecutive menstrual cycles. The mean number of adherent bacteria per vaginal epithelial cell (range) was 3.4 (0 to 14) for E. coli, 60.5 (12 to 152) for Lactobacillus species, 54.8 (21 to 76) for group B streptococci, 67.4 (15 to 161) for G. vaginalis, and 58.9 (15 to 186) diplococci for N. gonorrhoeae. Adherence of G. vaginalis increased with increasing acidity of the test medium (pH 4 to 8). There were no significant differences in adherence to vaginal epithelial cells obtained at the various times in the menstrual cycle for any of the organisms (p greater than 0.05). The pattern and extent of adherence among the women was similar for each organism. In this in vitro model, adherence characteristics did not vary with the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6783549 TI - Ultrastructural localization of characterized antigens of Brucella abortus and distribution among different biotypes. AB - The distribution of characterized antigens in extracts of representative strains of Brucella abortus biotypes 1 to 9 was investigated by hemagglutination and precipitation reactivity. An antigen designated X was present in high concentrations in sodium dodecyl sulfate extracts of all smooth strains examined, but in low concentrations in the rough strain 45/20 extract. Antigen beta was demonstrable in 8 out of 12 smooth strains of B. abortus, but antigen gamma was detected in only 3 of these strains. Vaccine strain 19 extract contained beta antigen but no detectable gamma antigen, whereas both these antigens were present in rough strain 45/20 at slightly lower concentrations that in strain 544/W extract. Immunoenzyme histochemical studies performed with an electron microscope showed that antigens beta, gamma, and X were all situated in the outer membrane envelope of the cell wall of B. abortus 544/W. PMID- 6783550 TI - Pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes for gnotobiotic rats. AB - Listeria monocytogenes colonized the gastrointestinal tract of adult germfree rats (10(10) to 10(11)/g, dry weight) within 24 h after oral exposure. Between 3 and 14 days after monoassociation, L. monocytogenes caused a self-limiting pseudomembranous colitis, bacteremia, and infection of the spleen and liver. Monoassociation of rats with Listeria for 8 weeks stimulated 32- and 4-fold increases in serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG, respectively, whereas serum IgM decreased 2-fold. The normal microbial flora was inhibitory to Listeria colonization, since L. monocytogenes was cleared from the gastrointestinal tract of formerly monoassociated rats within 20 days after conventionalization and did not colonize the gastrointestinal tract of conventional rats after intragastric instillation of 10(8) viable L. monocytogenes. Listeria-monoassociated rats delivered large litters of healthy pups whose gastrointestinal tracts were slowly colonized with L. monocytogenes. between 3 and 60 days of age, Listeria monoassociated rat pups exhibited eight- and fourfold increases in serum IgG and IgM, respectively; however, serum IgA was elevated (16-fold) only at 9 to 15 days of age. Adult Listeria-monoassociated rats had acquired cellular resistance to intravenous challenge with L. monocytogenes. Prolonged monoassociation of L. monocytogenes in rats attenuated its virulence for conventional rats. PMID- 6783551 TI - Immunochemical analysis of intact M protein secreted from cell wall-less streptococci. AB - M protein is a major virulence factor of group A streptococci, which provides these organisms with protection against phagocytosis in the absence of specific antibody. To gain insight into the nature of the native M-protein molecule, type 12 M protein was isolated and purified from the extracellular supernatants of a group A streptococcal L form and stabilized protoplasts. The intact purified M protein from both sources had a molecular weight of 58,000, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This is in contrast to the 32,0000-dalton molecule isolated from the parent type 12 organism by using a nonionic detergent. The purified secretory M protein removed opsonic antibodies from type 12 rabbit immune serum, as demonstrated by a bactericidal assay. Therefore, it appears that either previous nondestructive methods of M-protein isolation have not removed intact M protein from cell walls or part of the molecule is fragmented during its association with cell walls. PMID- 6783552 TI - Lead elimination of ICRF 158 in rats after chronic lead exposure. AB - Lead elimination by ICRF 158, a lipophilic derivative of ethylene-diaminetetra acetate (EDTA), was investigated in rats after chronic lead exposure. The animals had received a lead concentration of 550 ppm in their drinking water for 140 days. Subsequent treatment with ICRF 158 for 30 days led to increased mobilization and elimination of incorporated lead, and the lead-induced inhibition of hemosynthesis was removed. ICR 158 produced no renal damage in excess of lead-induced tubular nephrosis. Separate toxicity tests in mice demonstrated that it is less toxic than CaNa2EDTA. ICRF 158 does not form stable complexes with lead ions in vitro. The mechanism of action of this lipophilic EDTA derivative is compared to that of its hydrophilic correspondent, the chelating agent CaNa2EDTA. PMID- 6783553 TI - Two-hour, high-surface-area hemodialysis: a feasibility study. PMID- 6783554 TI - Creatinine production rate measured by whole body counting of 40K. AB - The creatinine production rate in dialysis patients was measured by potassium-40 whole body counting and carbon-14 creatinine injection. The correlation coefficient for the two methods was 0.96, p less than 0.005. An equation predicting whole body potassium (WBK) for normal subjects was found to accurately predict the WBK of dialysis patients as well. Two equations predicting creatinine production from WBK were compared with measured production rates and were found to agree within experimental error. It is thus possible to use the predictive equations to accurately estimate creatinine production without resorting to experimental measurements. These findings should simplify the use of computer models of the patient-artificial kidney system where accurate estimations of creatinine production rates are essential. PMID- 6783555 TI - Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by pirenzepine. AB - Previous work of the authors established a parallelism between gastric mucosa carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity and the values of acid secretion. It was shown that histamine (Ht) is a physiological activator of CA, and that there could be histaminic H2 receptors located on the molecule of CA. Pirenzepine (GZ) is a drug recently introduced in the therapy of gastroduodenal ulcer (GDU). Although its effect of decreasing acid secretion is clinically known, its mechanism of action remains uncertain. Original investigations are presented proving by in vitro and in vivo experiments on pure CA and on CA from human red blood cells and gastric mucosa that GZ is a strong inhibitor of CA. In this concept, GZ may be considered both an enzymatic inhibitor and an antagonist of histaminic H2 receptors. PMID- 6783557 TI - The role of connective tissue in craniofacial development, function and disease. AB - The connective tissue, composed of cells, fibers and ground substance, plays a vital role in the processes of craniofacial development, growth, wound healing and disease. This article reviews current knowledge of connective tissue biology and relates it to certain clinical situations of relevance in oral surgery. PMID- 6783556 TI - Amyloidosis: Part 3. PMID- 6783558 TI - Turricephaly. AB - An unusual case of uncomplicated turricephaly is reported, in which all the cranial sutures were prematurely fused from birth. Nevertheless, the skull underwent growth by surface deposition and resorption leaving the patient remarkably free from any neurological signs or symptoms. A review of previous cases is given and the possible etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder are discussed. Attention is drawn to the need for more relevant experimental and clinical data on the etiology and pathogenesis of craniosynostosis. PMID- 6783559 TI - Oroantral communication. Epicritical study of 175 patients, with special concern to secondary operative closure. AB - A total of 175 patients with oroantral communications have been investigated in a follow-up study. The results show the importance of a fast and reliable diagnosis, and therapy which can save the patients from more radical treatment. Operation of the maxillary sinus should be avoided if conservative treatment of sinusitis is possible, or at least careful operation techniques should be chosen. PMID- 6783560 TI - Masticatory muscle function in patients treated for condylar fractures of the mandible. AB - The activity of the temporal and masseter muscles and of the upper lip was examined by electromyography in five adults and in five children who had sustained uni- and bilateral fractures of the mandibular condyle. Electromyographic recordings were done in the postural position of the mandible, during maximal bite in the intercuspal and retruded mandibular positions, during chewing and swallowing of peanuts and during swallowing of water. In the children, who were examined on three occasions after the trauma, a reduced muscle activity was found shortly after the trauma, but it had normalized at follow-up examination 1 year after the injury. The adults, who were examined 4-6 years after the trauma, had, in general, normal muscle function. In subjects with a unilateral fracture, no difference in muscle activity was found between the two sides. An enlarged distance between the retruded and intercuspal positions of the mandible did not, in these subjects, seem to influence the muscle activity during the functions studied. PMID- 6783561 TI - Rocking moments in extraction of teeth in the lower jaw. AB - The purpose of this study was to observe, by means of strain gauges attached to forcep handles, the rocking moments needed during the extraction of lower jaw teeth. Great variation was found between the values for rocking moments and their acting times in different tooth groups. There were also great individual differences in the attachment of teeth. The mean value of the highest lingual rocking moments (2.80 J) was recorded during the extraction of first and second molars, and the highest labial moments (4.78J) during the extraction of canines. The mean value of the total rocking moments was highest during the extraction of canines (1.98 J) and lowest (1.19 J) during the extraction of premolars. The mean value of total rocking moments for incisors and canines was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) and for molars almost significantly lower (P less than 0.05) for the group aged 40 and over when compared to corresponding values for the group under 40 years of age. The lowest mean value of all extraction times was observed for incisors in all age groups. PMID- 6783562 TI - The importance of alveolar bone loss, width of periodontal space, visibility of lamina dura and divergence of roots on the rocking moments in extraction of teeth in the lower jaw. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the alveolar bone loss, with width of the periodontal space, the visibility of the lamina dura and the divergence of the roots on the rocking moments that were measured by means of strain gauges and on their acting times. Of the factors studied, alveolar bone loss had the greatest effect on the moments. The extraction time shortened when alveolar bone loss increased. When the periodontal space widened, the moments used decreased. The extraction time was significantly lengthened when the roots were diverged. PMID- 6783563 TI - Rocking and twisting moments in extraction of teeth in the upper jaw. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate with the strain gauge method the rocking moments needed during the extraction of upper jaw teeth. In addition to the buccal and palatinal rocking moments, the twisting moment was also measured. The highest mean value of both the average and highest buccal and palatinal movements was measured during the extraction of canines. The mean value of the average buccal moments for the first and second molars was significantly higher than for premolars, but the mean value of the average palatinal moments was significantly lower for the first and second molars than for incisors and almost significantly lower than for premolars. The longest extraction times were used during the extraction of molars and canines. There was no difference in the magnitude of the moments for the upper and lower jaw canines. The extraction of the upper jaw incisors required significantly more rocking moment than the extraction of the lower jaw incisors. There was no difference between the upper and lower jaws in the mean values of the total rocking moments for premolars. The mean values of the total and highest rocking moments for molars in the lower jaw were significantly higher than the corresponding values in the upper jaw. The difference was due to the different bone structures of the upper and lower jaw and to different roots of molars in the upper and lower jaw. The extraction times for the canines and molars were significantly higher in the upper jaw than in the lower jaw. PMID- 6783564 TI - Inflammatory pathology in the dental system in renal transplantation. AB - The importance of a thorough dental and oral examination before kidney transplantation is stressed and the number and type of dental and oral pathology in 13 cases of kidney transplantation without prior oral evaluation are presented. PMID- 6783565 TI - Computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of head and neck tumours. AB - The development of computerised axial tomography is briefly described and the application of this investigative procedure to the diagnosis of tumours in the maxillo-facial region is illustrated by two cases. PMID- 6783566 TI - Delayed replantation after submucosal storage in order to prevent root resorption after replantation. An experimental study in monkeys. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the root resorption pattern of teeth autotransplanted to a submucosal site and to determine whether root resorption after replantation could be prevented by delayed replantation of teeth after submucosal storage in order to regenerate damaged periodontal ligament. Permanent teeth were extracted in green Vervet monkeys. One group of teeth was transplanted to a submucosal site and examined histologically in situ. Another group of teeth was autotransplanted to submucosal sites, recovered and replanted either 2 or 6 weeks later. The animals were sacrificed 8 week after replantation and examined histometrically. The following histologic parameters were registered: surface resorption, inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption (ankylosis), periapical inflammatory changes and downgrowth of pocket epithelium. Teeth autotransplanted to submucosal sites developed surface and inflammatory resorption. In half of the cases where teeth were transplanted with a vital periodontal ligaments new formation of bone took place adjacent to the transplant. Delayed replantation after submucosal burial was not found to inhibit the development of ankylosis, but changed the resorption type from direct apposition of bone upon the root surface to apposition of bone after initial resorption. PMID- 6783567 TI - Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: conservative dental treatment. AB - This report illustrates a conservative approach in the treatment of keratocysts involving the lower left canine in a case of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome in a 10-year-old boy during 6 years' follow-up. The purpose of this report was to state the view of conservatism in the treatment of selected cases of keratocysts, based on close cooperation of the patient, orthodontist and oral surgeon. In this case, there are several keratocysts in both upper and lower jaws. Only the keratocysts associated with the lower left canine is considered to be conservatively treated in the presented case. PMID- 6783568 TI - Neuro-histological reactions following tooth extractions. AB - The neuro-histological reactions after tooth extraction were investigated in the extraction alveolus, the mandibular nerve and the trigeminal ganglion. In the ganglion, nerve cell bodies showing signs of retrograde reaction (chromatolysis and nuclear displacement) were seen 12 h after extraction. Maximal number of reacting cells were registered in the first postoperative week. Three weeks after extraction the number of reacting cells were at a normal low level. In the mandibular nerve no signs of axon degeneration could be demonstrated. In the alveolus, initial traumatic axon degeneration was followed by regeneration 2 days after extraction. Within the first postoperative week the alveolus was filled with connective tissue, in which many long thin axons were seen. Cancellous bone then filled the alveolus; the axons were thereby gathered - concentrated - into fascicles in the central part, with a direction towards the limbus. However, this was only passed by very few axons. Four months after extraction signs of axon degeneration were seen, and 2 months later the myelin sheaths also displayed degenerative signs. Ten months after extraction a minor area of connective tissue with a content of few axons and vessels was found at the bottom of the former alveolus. The histological appearance was of a small traumatic neuroma. PMID- 6783569 TI - Le Fort I ostectomy (using miniplates) for correction of the long face. AB - The increased middle face height, with a short upper lip and visible upper alveolar process, is an indication for removing a slice of bone from the maxilla. Planning of the operation and operative procedures will be described. It is shown that osteosynthesis with miniplates without the need for intermaxillary fixation is possible, provided that the planning is painstaking and that a precise operative technique is used. PMID- 6783570 TI - Split thickness skin graft for vestibuloplasty operations. AB - The method of using split thickness skin grafts for vestibuloplasty operation has been carried out on 89 patients with atrophic mandibles. The patients have been followed-up at regular intervals over a 3-year period and show a stable operational result. The graft attaches to the periosteum of the alveolar ridge and maintains the new sulcus depth, preventing relapse. Measurements between tattoo marks on the transplant and on the transplant/mucosa junction show that this type of skin graft to the oral cavity is stable and results in only a slight initial amount of shrinkage, probably due to scar formation. Disadvantages of transplanting skin to the mouth such as hair growth or disagreeable odor did not occur. The patients accepted the color and the consistency of the graft. No complications following completed treatment have been found. PMID- 6783571 TI - Applicability of macro- and microradiography in diagnosis of malignant neoplasms infiltrating the jaw bones. AB - The subject of this paper is the evaluation of the applicability of structural jaw and mandible radiograms in diagnosing malignant neoplastic processes infiltrating the osseous tissue. The material studied comprised 20 patients treated surgically due to neoplasms of the faciocranium. The group investigated consisted of 17 males, aged 35--65 years and three females 45--60 years old. The most numerous group of neoplasms was composed of cancers: 18 patients; the remaining two were fibrosarcomas. For structural radiographs fine grained films and folialess cassettes were used, with soft X-rays being applied for irradiating the preparations. The radiograms were prepared by means of X-ray apparatus with a small focal lamp with a diameter of 0.3 mm, and with the point-focal apparatus. On the basis of analyses covering 24 macroradiograms and 71 microradiograms, criteria for estimating the malignant infiltration of the bone were established. The possibility of practical applicability of these investigations during intraoperative evaluation of the clinically suspicious bone segments has been emphasized. PMID- 6783572 TI - Dimensions of incisive fossae on dry skulls and radiographs. AB - The dimensions of the incisive fossae of 960 Negroid skulls were measured and the frequency of nasopalatine duct cysts in this material was determined. A random sample of 200 of the above skulls was radiographed under standardized conditions and the radiographic dimensions of the incisive fossae were compared statistically with their actual dimensions. Incisive fossa widths of greater than 6 mm were found in 148 specimens (15.3%), and anteroposterior dimensions of greater than 7 mm were found in 799 specimens (82.4%). Thirteen cysts were found. Radiographic measurements of incisive fossae were significantly different from those made on the skulls. Mean dimensions of the fossae in this sample were greater than those previously reported and there was a higher frequency of nasopalatine duct cysts. PMID- 6783573 TI - The effect of removal of the coagulum in the alveolus before replantation upon periodontal and pulpal healing of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. AB - The effect of removal of the coagulum in the alveolus before replantation upon periodontal and pulpal healing was studied in green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Mandibular lateral incisors were extracted. The extra-alveolar period before replantation was 60 min. The storage medium for the extracted teeth was physiologic saline. On the right side of the mandible, the coagulum was removed before replantation, using syringe with saline assisted by a spoon-shaped excavator. On the left side, the tooth was replanted with the coagulum in situ. The replanted teeth were examined histologically after 8 weeks. The histometric analysis showed no significant difference in periodontal or pulpal healing between the two groups. Based on this finding, it is suggested that replantation of avulsed mature teeth be carried out immediately, without any attempt to remove the coagulum. PMID- 6783574 TI - Experimental transplantation of mature molar teeth with and without the supporting structures in mice. AB - Two types of dental isografts were implanted into the femoral bone of inbred mice: type A, encompassing mature maxillary molars including supporting structure and type B, consisting of the tooth alone. The isografts, together with their host tissues, were examined histologically beginning at day 1 and continuing until day 42 posttransplantation. In both types, the cellular components underwent necrosis with subsequent repopulation of the pulp and periodontal ligament of the graft. A new bony socket formed and partial resorption and ankylosis started on day 10 of transplantation. It is suggested that the host cells present in the periodontal ligament are responsible for the ankylosis and resorption of the tooth root surface. PMID- 6783576 TI - A clinical trial of Suprofen and aspirin in post-operative dental pain. AB - A double-blind trial comparing the analgesic efficacy of Suprofen 200 mg with aspirin 750 mg was carried out on 120 patients. There was no statistical difference between the two, though Suprofen had fewer side effects and could be used in circumstances where aspirin is contra-indicated. PMID- 6783575 TI - Platelet function and fibrinolytic activity after a single dose of diflunisal (Donobid). AB - ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and parameters related to the fibrinolytic system were studied in groups of healthy persons who had ingested 500 mg of diflunisal. A single dose of diflunisal resulted in a depression of platelet function in most cases. However, the effect was limited and only of clinical relevance in patients with a defective platelet function. A frequent finding was an enhanced fibrinolytic activity in plasma and saliva 2 h after ingestion of diflunisal. In approximately one-third of the cases studied, the fibrinolytic activity in saliva rose to levels that induced clot lysis within a few minutes. This could explain the clinical observation that administration of diflunisal prior to dental surgery is followed by dry socket symptoms in one third of the patients. PMID- 6783577 TI - Postoperative maxillary cyst. AB - The postoperative maxillary cyst develops in the maxillary sinus between the ages of 30 and 40 in persons who received sinus surgery 10 to 20 years earlier. Etiology of the cystic lesion appears to be derived from the infected sinus mucosa left after a sinus operation. Chief complaints of postoperative maxillary cysts are swelling or pain in the buccal region, discomfort of the maxilla or maxillary teeth and exophthalmos. Characteristic panoramic radiographic findings of the postoperative maxillary cyst are a monolocular cystic radiolucency with a well-defined margin and surrounding sclerotic bone in the floor of the maxillary sinus. PMID- 6783578 TI - Angiomyoma of the palate. AB - Oral tumors of smooth muscle origin are rare. Most oral leiomyomas are believed to be derived from vascular smooth muscle. The leiomyomas are divided into angiomyomas and leiomyomas depending on the degree of vascularity. Differentiation must be made from neurofibromas and other spindle cell tumors, as well as leiomyosarcomas. PMID- 6783579 TI - Angiolipoma of the cheek. AB - The clinical and histopathologic characteristics of oral lipoma are reviewed. A rare case of angiolipoma of the cheek is presented, and the histopathology of this tumor is discussed. PMID- 6783580 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma: report of a case with involvement of the angle of the mandible. AB - The most common signs of a malignancy in the region of the head and neck are evidence of a mass or symptoms arising from it. In this report a patient is described with rhabdomyosarcoma of the mandible. An incidental x-ray taken some 3 months prior to the onset of clinical symptoms showed no evidence of bone involvement of the mandible. The onset of bone destruction of the angle and ascending ramus of the mandible as seen on a subsequent x-ray can be placed somewhere in this period of time. PMID- 6783581 TI - Blindness prevention through control of ocular hypertension: an epidemiological assessment. AB - From a case-control study we have quantified the effect (relative risk) of presenting intraocular pressure on visual field loss in primary open angle glaucoma. We found this effect to be modified by both age and sex. Using these effect values we have estimated the potential for prevention of glaucomatous blindness in clinical and community settings. The clinical, public health, and research implications of these findings and estimates are discussed. PMID- 6783582 TI - Sensitization to X-rays of transforming DNA by Ag+. AB - A transforming DNA system has been used to study the effect of silver ion on the X-ray-induced inactivation of the functional ability to DNA. In N2 transforming DNA is sensitized to radiation by Ag+, with the maximum sensitization occurring at a ratio of one Ag+ added per DNA base. This response can be partially prevented by addition of .OH scavengers. In O2 the transforming DNA is only slightly sensitized by Ag+ except at very high Ag+ concentrations. These results are interpreted in terms of the eaq- sequestration theory of radiation sensitization. Studies on the binding of Ag+ to DNA show that at the maximum sensitization in N2, there is one Ag+ bound per DNA base pair and that this binding is unaffected by .OH scavengers, although radiation may change these binding properties. Steady-state radiation chemistry studies indicate a difference in the response of DNA-Ag+ complexes to irradiation in N2 and in O2. As with the transforming DNA studies, these can be interpreted in terms of the eaq- sequestration theory of radiation sensitization. PMID- 6783583 TI - A new synergized glutaraldehyde-phenate sterilizing solution and concentrated disinfectant. AB - Research leading to the development of Sporicidin, a new (synergized glutaraldehyde-phenate) sterilant and concentrated disinfectant, is reported. Microbial evaluation and shelf life testing of the new formulation was done using AOAC tests--Use-Dilution, Sporicidal, Tuberculocidal--and the E.P.A. Virucidal Test. Full-strength Sporicidin sterilizes (is sporicidal) in 6 3/4 hours at both 20C and 25C, and disinfects in 1-2 minutes. When diluted with 15 parts of tap water, Sporicidin is tuberculocidal, virucidal, and germicidal in 10 minutes, qualifying as a hospital disinfectant that will not "yellow" the hands or skin. The shelf life of activated Sporidicin, full strength or diluted 1 in 16, is 30 days. According to the data presented, which were the basis of E.P.A. registrations, Sporicidin is: (a) the fastest glutaraldehyde sterilant at room temperature, and (b) the only glutaraldehyde product that can be diluted below 2% and still qualify as a hospital disinfectant. PMID- 6783584 TI - The law and infection control. PMID- 6783585 TI - Pulmonary complications in the morbidly obese following jejunoileal bypass surgery under narcotic anesthesia. AB - The postoperative pulmonary complications detected by chest roentgenogram were correlated with the age, body weight, excess weight/ideal body weight, results of spirometry, arterial blood gas values and duration of anesthesia in 99 obese patients (mean weight 146.8 kg) who underwent jejunoileal bypass surgery under narcotic anesthesia. The overall postoperative pulmonary complication rate was 25.3 per cent. Age, body weight, excess weight/ideal body weight, preoperative vital capacity (VC), VC per cent of the predicted, forced expiratory volume 1 sec. over forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) PaO2 per cent of the predicted, PaCO2 and duration of anesthesia were of no value in predicting postoperative pulmonary complications. The presence of associated clinical diseases expected to affect pulmonary function (e.g., chronic bronchitis, congestive heart failure) was the only significant variable in this regard (p less than 0.01). In 85 patients who did not have an associated disease expected to affect pulmonary function, the incidence of pulmonary complication was 20 per cent; the results of spirometry were essentially normal, but the PaO2 was significantly decreased. In 14 patients with an associated disease expected to affect pulmonary function, the incidence of pulmonary complication was 57.1 per cent. The mean VC and mean PaO2 were significantly decreased; the mean age and mean PaCO2 were significantly higher in the group as compared with those in the patients without an associated disease. PMID- 6783586 TI - [Intermittent cyanosis after tuberculous meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6783587 TI - Effects of ionophores X537a and A23187 and calcium-free medium on corneal endothelial morphology. AB - Past studies have shown that apical junctional complexes (AJCs) of corneal endothelial cells break down in the presence of a Ca++-free medium. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of Ca++ ionophores to maintain the AJCs in the Ca++-free media in both isolated perfused corneas and cultured endothelial cells. In addition, the ability of disintegrated AJCs to re-form when the endothelium is returned to a medium containing calcium ws also examined. Rabbit corneas were mounted in an in vitro specular microscope and perfused with a Ca++ free medium, or a Ca++-free medium containing 10(-5)M X537A or A23187 calcium ionophore. Also, confluent monolayer cultures of bovine corneal endothelial cells were placed in a Ca++-free medium or a Ca++-free medium containing 10(-5)M X537A or A23187 Ca++ ionophore and incubated for selected time periods. When junctional breakdown occurred, one cornea or culture plate was fixed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), and the other was returned to a medium containing Ca++ and subsequently fixed for SEM and TEM. Both isolated perfused and cultured corneal endothelial cell AJCs exhibited marked disintegration in the presence of Ca++-free medium. The presence of an ionophore in the medium cultured cells. When returned to a medium containing Ca++, the corneas that had been perfused with Ca++-free medium containing an ionophore re formed the junctions sooner than did those that had been perfused with a Ca++ free medium alone. These results suggests that the ionophores may be capable of mobilizing intracellular calcium to protect the AJCs. PMID- 6783588 TI - Effect of iodoacetamide perfusion on outflow facility and metabolism of the trabecular meshwork. AB - Freshly enucleated eyes were quantitatively perfused via the anterior chamber with varying dosages of iodoacetamide at constant pressure. Iodoacetamide caused a significant increase in facility of outflow in a dose-response manner in calf and monkey eyes. Almost complete inhibition of glycolysis in the calf trabecular meshwork was produced by a dosage of iodoacetamide that was too low to appreciably alter the facility. A similar response was produced by a higher dosage, which did significantly increase the facility. Our results, taken together with what is known of the properties of iodoacetamide, suggest that cellular sulfhydryl groups may be involved in a mechanism for aqueous flow through the trabecular meshwork and that iodoacetamide probably acts directly on cellular permeability rather than by inhibition of glycolysis or interference with the production of energy in the trabecular meshwork. PMID- 6783589 TI - The influence of hyperosmolality on left ventricular contractile state: disparate effects of nonionic and ionic solutions. PMID- 6783590 TI - Bilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 6783591 TI - Development of a model using polypeptide antibodies for scintigraphy of the pancreas. AB - A study was designed to develop an agent for pancreatic scintigraphy with greater specificity for the pancreas than selenomethionine. A series of successful experiments was performed using rabbit-produced antibodies to the recently discovered hormone, pancreatic polypeptide. Via hemagglutination and radiolabeled hemagglutination studies, the antibody activity was demonstrated. Gel diffusion studies showed selective uptake by the rat pancreas of intravenously injected antibody and no uptake by the liver and spleen. Immunocytochemical studies on human tissue demonstrated the same selectivity for the pancreas. Also, the titers of different batches of rabbit-produced antibody were quantitated by the enzyme linked immunospecific assay system. These studies indicate that polypeptide antibody has the potential for carrying a radionuclide selectively to the pancreas. PMID- 6783592 TI - The harmful effects of aqueous contrast agents on the gastrointestinal tract: a study of mechanism and means of counteraction. AB - The effect of mildly and strongly hypertonic solutions on intestinal tone and motility was tested with aqueous contrast solutions and with mannitol as a control in 15 dogs. These experiments were repeated in animals premedicated with atropine sulfate and/or methysergide maleate. Intestinal motility was recorded on serial x-ray films. Tone and motility were estimated by variations of intestinal caliber and rate of transit of contrast solution, respectively. The results obtained contradict the currently accepted mechanism of action of iodinated contrast media on the intestinal tract, which assumes that the effect is osmotic like that of a saline laxative. Solutions of different osmolarity produce hyperperistalsis of the same magnitude. This effect begins rapidly after the onset of gastric emptying and much sooner than a significant osmotic fluid shift occurs. Atropine sulfate and methysergide maleate (serotonin blocker), when given individually, are incapable of completely inhibiting hyperperistalsis induced by hypertonic solutions. However, when these agents are given in combination, motility is completely inhibited. The evidence supports a serotonin role in the hyperperistalsis induced by hypertonic solutions, partly by direct action of serotonin on the smooth muscle cells and partly by indirect action on the intramural cholinergic ganglion cells. This concept offers a possible means of eliminating one of the adverse effects of aqueous contrast media on the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6783593 TI - The in vitro activation of complement by radiologic contrast materials and its inhibition with epsilon-aminocaproic acid. AB - Radiologic contrast materials activate complement by both the classical and alternative pathways. This activation is time, dose, and temperature dependent and is able to proceed with equal facility in either the presence or absence of Ca++ or Mg++ chelating reagents (EGTA, EDTA). All the components examined (C1, C4, C2, Factor B, C3, and C5) were consumed during complement activation. Immune complexes are produced during interaction of serum with contrast materials. The activation of complement by contrast materials appears to be principally initiated by the activation of plasminogen to plasmin. Inhibition of plasminogen activators by epsilon-aminocaproic acid affects complement activation markedly. PMID- 6783594 TI - Removal of heme from preparations of human chorionic somatomammotropin. AB - The operations involved in the extraction of chorionic somatomammotropin from human placentas cause hemolysis of blood which is present in placental tissue and contamination of crude extract with large amounts of hematic pigments. Most of the pigments are removed by the purification procedure. The portion of purified hCS with high heme content was subjected to treatments with acid acetone and neutral butanone on the basis of procedures generally used for the separation of heme and protein portions in hemoproteins. Both treatments resulted in the removal of heme from hCS; the treatment using butanone was more efficient than the one using acetone. After treatment with both organic solvents, the immunological activity measured with radial immunodiffusion was entirely retained while binding activity on rat ventral prostate particles was slightly decreased. PMID- 6783596 TI - The effect of ergotamine on prostaglandin formation in guinea pig's ear slices. PMID- 6783595 TI - Pseudo-tumoral ossification of the muscles and/or periosteum. (A study of 57 cases). AB - The authors present a study of fifty-seven cases of pseudo-tumoral ossification of the muscles ("circumscribed ossifying myositis") and of the periosteum, supported by clinical, radiographic and histological evidence. This pathological condition is characterised by the formation of hyperplastic bone callus in muscle or periosteum, with a typical radiographic appearance, and with a relationship to trauma. We have excluded from our study pseudo-tumoral periosteal ossification in conditions of congenital origin (osteogenesis imperfecta, neurofibromatosis, Sane et al., 1971; Kullman et al., 1972), hyperplastic fracture callus in cranial trauma, ossification of muscles in limbs which are paretic or paralysed due to cerebral or cord lesions, and hyperplastic fracture callus in congenital syphilis. The form which is the subject of this study is absolutely benign, develops over a period of twelve to twenty-four months, with spontaneous maturation and partial regression. It can abe treated by radiotherapy to accelerate maturation, or by surgery when maturation has been completed. PMID- 6783597 TI - Economic analysis in health care. PMID- 6783598 TI - Whole body cesium-137 levels in man in Scotland, 1978--79. PMID- 6783599 TI - Analysis of risks, costs and benefits. PMID- 6783600 TI - A new hemoglobin variant: Hb Dagestan alpha 60(E9) Lys leads to Glu. AB - An electrophoretically I-like hemoglobin variant was detected during a survey for abnormal hemoglobins in Dagestan (USSR). Neither clinical nor hematological abnormalities were seen in the carrier for this mutant hemoglobin. Structural studies demonstrated a previously undescribed substitution of alpha 60 (E9) Lys leads to Glu. PMID- 6783601 TI - Late reactions and complications in patients treated with high energy neutrons p (66MeV)be(49MeV). PMID- 6783602 TI - Bacteriological examination of ice-cream in The Netherlands: comparative studies on methods. PMID- 6783603 TI - Fluorimetric assay of the activity of extracellular lipases of Pseudomonas fluorescens and Serratia marcescens. PMID- 6783604 TI - A simple and rapid computer-assisted technique for the identification of some selected Bacillus species using biochemical tests. PMID- 6783605 TI - Lactose hydrolysing enzymes in Streptococcus lactis and Streptococcus cremoris and also in some other species of streptococci. PMID- 6783606 TI - Pyrolysis gas chromatography of Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species. PMID- 6783607 TI - Penicillin-binding proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of two strains differing in their resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6783608 TI - A long-term study of gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a general hospital. PMID- 6783609 TI - Penetration of antibiotics into decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6783610 TI - The effect of benzylpenicillin on strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid and solid media. PMID- 6783611 TI - Prevention of asthma with cromolyn. PMID- 6783612 TI - Nonspecific therapy of asthma with gold preparation and insulin. AB - Nonspecific therapy of asthma with Solganal and insulin showed excellent results in more than 80% of the patients, in which 50% or more recovered from asthma completely. Over all, recovered condition lasted for a long period of time. Solganal-treated patients showed resistance to acetylcholine provocation tests, good results in Tromp's water bath tests, and decreases in intensity of itching and erythema of P. K. reaction and of those caused by intracutaneous histamine injection. Animal experiments investigating damage to the liver, kidney and heart with Solganal showed no serious findings. PMID- 6783613 TI - Influence of corrinoid antagonists on methanogen metabolism. AB - Iodopropane inhibited cell growth and methane production when Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, Methanobacterium formicicum, and Methanosarcina barkeri were cultured on H2-CO2. Iodopropane (40 microM) inhibited methanogenesis (30%) and growth (80%) when M. barkeri was cultured mixotrophically on H2-CO2-methanol. The addition of acetate to the medium prevented the observed iodopropane-dependent inhibition of growth. The concentrations of iodopropane that caused 50% inhibition of growth of M. barkeri on either H2-CO2, H2-CO2-methanol, methanol, and acetate were 112 +/- 6, 24 +/- 2, 63 +/- 11, and 4 +/- 1 microM, respectively. Acetate prevented the iodopropane-dependent inhibition of one carbon metabolism. Cultivation of M. barkeri on H2-CO2-methanol in bright light also inhibited growth and methanogenesis to a greater extent in the absence than in the presence of acetate in the medium. Acetate was the only organic compound examined that prevented iodopropane-dependent inhibition of one-carbon metabolism in M. barkeri. The effect of iodopropane and acetate on the metabolic fates of methanol and carbon dioxide was determined with 14C tracers when M. barkeri was grown mixotrophically on H2-CO2-methanol. The addition of iodopropane decreased the contribution of methanol to methane and cell carbon while increasing the contribution of CO2 to cell carbon. Regardless of iodopropane, acetate addition decreased the contribution of methanol and CO2 to cell carbon without decreasing their contribution to methane. The corrinoid antagonists, light and iodopropane, appeared most specific for methanogen metabolic reactions involved in acetate synthesis from one-carbon compounds and acetate catabolism. PMID- 6783614 TI - Occurrence and localization of two distinct hydrogenases in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain 7120. AB - Two distinct types of hydrogenase occur in Anabaena 7120 and are distinguishable in whole filaments by the application of selective assay methods. A reversible hydrogenase occurs both in heterocysts and vegetative cells and can be selectively assayed by measuring H2 evolution from reduced methyl viologen. Activities in aerobically grown filaments were low but could be increased by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude by growing cells microaerobically. The presence of the reversible hydrogenase was independent of the N2-fixing properties of the organism, and activity did not respond to added H2 in the culture. Illumination was necessary during derepression of the reversible hydrogenase, and addition of 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea increased the amount of enzyme that was synthesized. An uptake hydrogenase occurred only in heterocysts of aerobically grown filaments, but a small amount of activity also was present in the vegetative cells of filaments grown microaerobically with 20% H2. It was assayed selectively by measuring an oxyhydrogen reaction at atmospheric levels of O2. Additional uptake hydrogenase could be elicited by including H2 or by removing O2 from the sparging gas of a culture. PMID- 6783615 TI - Comparative characterization of two distinct hydrogenases from Anabaena sp. strain 7120. AB - Two distinct hydrogenases, hereafter referred to as "uptake" and "reversible" hydrogenase, were extracted from Anabaena sp. strain 7120 and partially purified. The properties of the two enzymes were compared in cell-free extracts. Uptake hydrogenase was largely particulate, and although membrane bound, it could catalyze an oxyhydrogen reaction. Particulate and solubilized uptake hydrogenase could catalyze H2 uptake with a variety of artificial electron acceptors which had midpoint potentials above 0 mV. Reversible hydrogenase was soluble, could donate electrons rapidly to electron acceptors of both positive and negative midpoint potential, and could evolve H2 rapidly when provided with reduced methyl viologen. Uptake hydrogenase was irreversibly inactivated by O2, whereas reversible hydrogenase was reversibly inactivated and could be reactivated by exposure to dithionite or H2. Reversible hydrogenase was stable to heating at 70 degrees C, but uptake hydrogenase was inactivated with a half-life of 12 min at this temperature. Uptake hydrogenase was eluted from Sephadex G-200 in a single peak of molecular weight 56,000, whereas reversible hydrogenase was eluted in two peaks with molecular weights of 165,000 and 113,000. CO was competitive with H2 for each enzyme; the Ki's for CO were 0.0095 atm for reversible hydrogenase and 0.039 atm for uptake hydrogenase. The pH optima for H2 evolution and H2 uptake by reversible hydrogenase were 6 and 9, respectively. Uptake hydrogenase existed in two forms with pH optima of 6 and 8.5. Both enzymes had very low Km's for H2, and neither was inhibited by C2H2. PMID- 6783616 TI - Evolutionary relationships among gamma-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylases. AB - gamma-Carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.44) from Azotobacter vinelandii resembled the isofunctional enzymes from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas putida. All three decarboxylases appeared to be hexamers formed by association of identical subunits of about 13,300 daltons. The A. vinelandii and P. putida decarboxylases cross-reacted immunologically with each other, and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the enzymes differed in no more than 7 of the first 36 residues. In contrast, the A. calcoaceticus decarboxylase did not cross-react with the decarboxylase from A. vinelandii or P. putida; the NH2 terminal amino acid sequences of these enzymes diverged about 50% from the NH2 terminal amino acid sequence of the A. calcoaceticus decarboxylase. PMID- 6783617 TI - Biosynthesis of D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid in Lactobacillus casei: D-alanyl lipophilic compounds as intermediates. AB - D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid (D-alanyl-LTA) from Lactobacillus casei contains a poly(glycerol phosphate) moiety that is selectively acylated with D-alanine ester residues. To characterize further the mechanism of D-alanine substitution, intermediates were sought that participate in the assembly of this LTA. From the incorporation system utilizing either toluene-treated cells or a combination of membrane fragments and supernatant fraction, a series of membrane-associated D [14C]alanyl-lipophilic compounds was found. The assay of these compounds depended on their extractability into monophasic chloroform-methanol-water (0.8:3.2:1.0, vol/vol/vol) and subsequent partitioning into chloroform. Four lines of evidence suggested that the D-alanyl-lipophilic compounds are intermediates in the synthesis of D-alanyl-LTA. First, partial degradation of the poly(glycerol phosphate) moiety of D-alanyl-LTA by phosphodiesterase II/phosphatase from Aspergillus niger generated a series of D-alanyl-lipophilic compounds similar to those extracted from the toluene-treated cells during the incorporation of D alanine. Second, enzymatic degradation of the D-alanyl-lipophilic compounds by the above procedure gave D-alanyl-glycerol, the same degradation product obtained from D-alanyl-LTA. Third, the incorporation of D-alanine into these compounds required the same components as the incorporation of D-alanine into membrane associated D-alanyl-LTA. Fourth, the phosphate-induced loss of D-[14C]alanine labeled lipophilic compounds could be correlated with the stimulation of phosphatidylglycerol synthesis in the presence of excess phosphate. We interpreted these experiments to indicate that the D-alanyl-lipophilic compounds are D-alanyl-LTA with short polymer chains and are most likely intermediates in the assembly of the completed polymer, D-alanyl-LTA. PMID- 6783618 TI - Induction of citric acid cycle enzymes during initiation of sporulation by guanine nucleotide deprivation. AB - In Bacillus subtilis, conditions causing partial deprivation of guanine nucleotides initiated sporulation and caused the synthesis of citrate synthase, aconitase, and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase could also be induced by acetate, and the specific activity of this enzyme was elevated in mutants that had high intracellular acetyl coenzyme A concentrations because they lacked citrate synthase activity. After deprivation of guanine nucleotides, the intracellular concentration of acetyl coenzyme A also increased, which explained the induction of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, the decreases in alpha-ketoglutarate and L-malate concentrations observed during this deprivation accounted for the observed increases in citrate synthase activity (which was repressed by alpha-ketoglutarate and malate) and aconitase activity (which was repressed by alpha-ketoglutarate). PMID- 6783619 TI - Characterization of the predominant Azotobacter vinelandii envelope protein. AB - A protein with a molecular weight of 60,000 (60K) constitutes approximately 20% of the envelope protein of Azotobacter vinelandii. This protein was removed from cells and purified from other proteins by a simple washing procedure that had no effect on cell viability. Anti-60K antiserum blocked azotophage A-22 adsorption and agglutinated both vegetative cells and cysts; ferritin-conjugated antibodies used in indirect labeling studies bound uniformly to the periphery of vegetative cells. We conclude that 60K is present on the outer surface of vegetative cells and cysts. The protein is similar to the surface protein alpha of Acinetobacter ssp. in molecular weight, reassociation characteristics, and high ratio of acidic to basic amino acids. We propose that 60K forms a layer external to the outer membrane of A. vinelandii. PMID- 6783620 TI - Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid replication in Streptomyces griseus. AB - A series of electron micrographs showing the presence of different molecular forms representing various replication stages of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid from Streptomyces griseus was obtained. Based upon an analysis of these electron micrographs, a tentative model for plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid replication in S. griseus is proposed. PMID- 6783621 TI - Chemical structure of peptidoglycan in Selenomonas ruminantium: cadaverine links covalently to the D-glutamic acid residue of peptidoglycan. AB - The peptidoglycan of Selenomonas ruminantium, a strictly anaerobic bacterium, contains cadaverine (Y. Kamio, Y. Itoh, Y. Terawaki, and T. Kusano, J. Bacteriol. 145:122-128, 1981). This report describes the chemical structure of the peptidoglycan of this bacterium. The [14C]cadaverine-labeled peptidoglycan was degraded with the lytic enzymes prepared from Streptomyces albus G into three small fragments including a major fragment (band A compound). Bank A compound was composed of L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, meso-diaminopimelic acid, D-alanine, and cadaverine in the molar ratio 0.98:1.0:1.0:0.98:0.97. Diaminopimelic acid, L alanine, and cadaverine were N-terminal residues in band A compound. When the [14C]cadaverine-labeled band A compound was subjected to partial acid hydrolysis, two peptide fragments were obtained. One of them consisted of diaminopimelic acid and D-alanine; diaminopimelic acid was the N-terminal amino acid, and the other fragment was composed of L-alanine, D-glutamic acid, and cadaverine, of which L alanine and cadaverine were N-terminal. These results lead us to conclude that the primary peptide structure of band A compound is L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-meso diaminopimelyl-D-alanine and that cadaverine links covalently to the D-glutamic acid residue. PMID- 6783622 TI - Five structural classes of major outer membrane proteins in Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Group B Neisseria meningitidis is thus far subdivided into 15 protein serotypes based on antigenically different major outer membrane proteins. Most serotypes have three or four major proteins in their outer membranes. Comparative structural analysis by chymotryptic 125I-peptide mapping was performed on these major proteins from the prototype strains as well as from six non-serotypable strains. The major outer membrane proteins from each of the serotypes were first separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using the Laemmli system. Individual proteins within the gel slices were radioiodinated and digested with chymotrypsin, and then their 125I-peptides were separated by electrophoresis and chromatography on cellulose thin-layer plates. The peptide maps obtained by autoradiography were categorized into five different structural classes which correlated with the apparent molecular weights of proteins, i.e., 46 +/- 1K, 41 +/- 1K, 38 +/- 1K, 33 +/- 1K, and 28 +/- 1K. Each of the major outer membrane proteins within a strain had a distinctly different chymotryptic peptide map, indicating significant differences in the primary structure of these proteins. In contrast, outer membrane proteins of the same or very similar molecular weight from different serotype strains had similar, occasionally identical peptide maps, indicating a high degree of structural homology. The unique peptides from proteins of the same structural classes were often hydrophilic, whereas common peptides were often hydrophobic, suggesting that the serotype determinants reside within the variable hydrophilic regions of major outer membrane proteins. PMID- 6783623 TI - Revertible hydrogen uptake-deficient mutants of Rhizobium japonicum. AB - We have developed mutants of Rhizobium japonicum which are deficient in H2 uptake capacity (Hup-) and which spontaneously revert to the parent type at a frequency consistent with that of a single-point mutation (ca. 1.0 x 10(-09)). The mutagenesis by nitrous acid and the selection of the Hup- phenotype by using penicillin and chemolithotrophy as enrichment for chemolithotrophy-deficient strains are described. Two mutants retain low but reproducible levels of ribulose bisphosphate-dependent CO2 fixation when grown on a low-carbon medium under an atmosphere of 1% O2, 4% H2, 5% CO2, and 90% N2. Neither O2 nor the artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate or methylene blue supported detectable H2 uptake by the free-living Hup- mutants or by their bacteroids. Plant growth experiments under bacteriologically controlled conditions were conducted to assess the mutants' performance as inocula for soybean plants. Plants inoculated with Hup- strains had lower dry weights and contained less total N than did plants inoculated with the parent Hup+ strain. Use of either the Hup- mutants or the Hup+ parent strain as inocula, however, did not significantly affect the acetylene-reducing activity or the fresh weight of nodules. These results, obtained with apparently isogenic lines of H2 uptake-deficient R. japonicum, provide strong support for a beneficial role of the H2 uptake phenotype in legume symbiosis. PMID- 6783624 TI - Serine utilization by Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - Klebsiella aerogenes was found to contain a specific L-serine dehydrase that was induced by threonine, glycine or leucine, but not by its substrate. Cellular concentrations were sensitive to carbon rather than nitrogen sources in the growth medium. A nonspecific isoleucine-sensitive L-threonine dehydrase supplemented the specific L-serine dehydrase activity. K. aerogenes also contains a leucine-inducible L-threonine dehydrogenase which probably initiated a threonine-utilization pathway in which the serine-specific dehydrate participated. Strains that were altered in their ability to metabolize serine differed in either L-serine dehydrase or L-threonine dehydrase activity. Thus, K. aerogenes growing on L-serine as a sole nitrogen source relies upon two enzymes that metabolize the amino acid as subsidiary functions. PMID- 6783625 TI - Mutations in the ilvY gene of Escherichia coli K-12 that cause constitutive expression of ilvC. AB - A derivative of Escherichia coli K-12 bearing an ilvC-lac fusion has been studied. beta-Galactosidase formation in this strain is under the control of the ilvC promoter and is therefore induced by the acetohydroxy acids. Derivatives of this fusion strain were isolated that constitutively expressed beta galactosidase. When an ilvC-containing episome was introduced into these strains, acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase was also constitutively expressed. The lesions are trans dominant and lie in ilvY, the structural gene specifying a positive control element, v, needed for induction of the isomeroreductase. It was concluded from measurements of beta-galactosidase levels in various diploid strains that, although wild-type v requires inducer to act as a positive control element, it does not act as a repressor in the absence of inducer. PMID- 6783627 TI - Nucleoid structure in freeze fractures of Streptococcus faecalis: effects of filtration and chilling. AB - With the techniques used in this study, the nucleoid of Streptococcus faecalis could not be seen in freeze-etch preparations unless glutaraldehyde had been added to cultures of cells before they were frozen. With time, the nucleoid became visible as a network of fibers, apparently as a result of the aggregation of individual chromosomal elements in the presence of glutaraldehyde. When glutaraldehyde was added to undisturbed cultures, the fibers that became visible were observed in small patches that were seemingly scattered throughout the cytoplasm. However, if cells were chilled or placed on filters before glutaraldehyde was added, the fibers which then developed were seen in large central areas. The appearance of centralized nucleoids in freeze fractures of cells that had been chilled or filtered could be correlated with a decrease in the central density of the cytoplasm, as seen by light microscopy, in cells embedded in gelatin or bovine serum albumin. These observations are discussed in relation to a model for the normal structure of the nucleoid which suggests that the treatments routinely used to study the morphology-physiology of cells (chilling, filtration, and fixation) result in a reorganization of the cytoplasm, leading to an increase in the centralization of nuclear material. PMID- 6783626 TI - Purification and properties of an S-type pyocin, pyocin AP41. AB - Pyocin AP41, a protease-sensitive bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAF41, was purified to a homogeneous state and characterized. The molecular weight of this pyocin was about 95,000 as determined by the combination of gel filtration and sedimentation velocity analysis. This pyocin was a complex of two kinds of polypeptides. Highly purified preparations showed two protein bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their apparent molecular weights were 90,000 and 6,000 to 7,000, respectively. Two proteins could be separated by gel filtration in the presence of 6 M urea. Amino acid compositions of these components were determined. The large component had pyocin activity similar to the complex, whereas the small component did not. Sensitive cells were killed by this pyocin only under growing conditions and with single hit kinetics. The pyocin-treated cells lysed in about 30 min with concomitant production of their resident pyocins or phages. The induced production of resident pyocins caused by pyocin AP41 depended on a recA gene function. PMID- 6783628 TI - Spectrophotometric estimation of 3-OH L-kynurenine O-beta-glucoside in the human lens. PMID- 6783629 TI - Localization and isolation of the peptides in cardiac myosin that contain the lysyl residues accessible to labeling with a fluorescent reagent, N-methyl-2 anilino-6-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride. PMID- 6783630 TI - Purification and characterization of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus saitoi. AB - 1. A major glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3] of Aspergillus saitoi was purified by ultrafiltration followed by successive chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, Ultrogel AcA 44 and SP-Sephadex. The purification achieved was 23-fold from crude extract with a yield of 21%. The purified enzyme, named Gluc M1, was proved homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, ultracentrifugation, and also from the absence of the glycosidase activities detected in crude extract. 2. Gluc M1 was a glycoprotein containing 18% neutral sugar and 0.77% glucosamine, and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 90,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and amino acid composition. The N-terminal amino acid was identified as alanine. 3. The pH optimum of Gluc M1 was 4.5 with soluble starch as a substrate. The enzyme was stable between pH 2.5 and 7.5 and retained full activity at temperatures up to 50 degrees C. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Hg2+ and, to a lesser extent, by Pb2+ and Mn2+. 4. The Km value for malto-oligomer markedly decreased with increasing chain length of substrate in glucose unit (n) and the Vmax value increased with n, thus resulting in the increase in the Vmax/Km value with n. The kinetic parameters for other substrates such as soluble starch, glycogen and isomaltose as well as the K1 values for some saccharides were also determined. PMID- 6783631 TI - Multimolecular forms of thiol proteinase inhibitor in human plasma. PMID- 6783632 TI - Partial purification and properties of urinary thiol proteinase inhibitors. AB - The urinary thiol proteinase inhibitors u-TPI1 and u-TPI2 were partially purified from human urine by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 and Sephadex G-100 columns, and affinity chromatography on a trypsin.chymotrypsin-Chromagel A-2 column. They showed similar inhibition spectra to that of plasma inhibitors, inhibiting ficin strongly and papain moderately, but not inhibiting trypsin and chymotrypsin. The molecular weights of u-TPI1 and u-TPI2 were determined to be 76,000 and 22,500 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and G-75, respectively, and their isoelectric points were found to be 4.6 and 4.8 by isoelectrofocusing. u-TPI1 and u-TPI2 were labile at acidic pH, but stable at neutral and alkaline pH. Both inhibitors were relatively thermostable, showing no decrease in activity on heating up to 50 degrees C for 1 h. The antibody against plasma thiol proteinase inhibitor alpha1 TPI suppressed the activities of the urinary inhibitors significantly, and on double immunodiffusion formed clear precipitin lines with both u-TPI1 and u-TPI2. On immunoelectrophoresis u-TPI1 migrated in the alpha 2-region and u-TPI2 in the beta 1-region. It is concluded from these data that the urinary thiol proteinase inhibitors are degradation products of the plasma inhibitors. PMID- 6783633 TI - Preparation of biologically active fluorescent heparin composed of fluorescein labeled species and its behavior to antithrombin III. AB - A hog-mucosal heparin purified gel-chromatographically (total sulfate, 2.20; N sulfate, 0.82; N-acetyl, 0.15 (mol/mol HexN); activity, 184 USP units/mg) was partially N-desulfated to give a product (total sulfate, 2.12; N-sulfate, 0.71 (mol/mol HexN); activity, 159 USP units/mg). The free amino groups in the product was extensively labeled with fluoresceinylthiocarbamoyl (FTC) groups, and the labeled product was chromatographed on Octyl-Sepharose CL-4B to give a heparin preparation of fluorescein-labeled species (total sulfate, 2.04; N-sulfate, 0.72; degree of substitution, 0.059 (mol/mol HexN); activity, 155 USP units/mg). The fluorescent heparin thus obtained was indicated from its analytical data to have one FTC group pr heparin molecule irrespective of the molecular weight. The fluorescent heparin was separated into the low-affinity (56.6%) and high-affinity (43.4%) fractions for antithrombin III, and the anticoagulant activities of the two types of fluorescent heparin were compared with those of the starting heparin and the partially N-desulfated heparin, suggesting that FTC-substitution in heparin molecules had no effect on the known biological interaction with mobilized or immobilized antithrombin III. PMID- 6783634 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for antibodies in serum using a covalent chromatographic method for separation of the bound label. AB - A sensitive enzyme immunoassay system for the measurement of antibodies in serum was developed by the use of a separation method based on the thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. Serum samples including antibodies (anti-insulin, anti human chorionic gonadotropin, or anti-beta-D-galactosidase) were incubated with antigens labeled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. Each reaction mixture was then passed through a small column (0.1 ml) of (anti-IgG)IgG Sepharose 4B, in which the (anti-IgG)IgG had been coupled by means of a disulfide bond. The column was washed to remove the unbound label, then the antibody-bound label was eluted from the column with a buffer containing 25 mM dithiothreitol, which cleaved the disulfide bonds between the Sepharose matrix and the anti-IgG antibody molecules. By measuring the enzyme activity in the eluate, the amount of antibodies could be determined even in a serum sample which contained antibodies corresponding to as little as 0.01% of the standard antisera. Preliminary experiments showed that the present method can be used to detect the anti-insulin antibody in the sera from insulin-treated diabetic patients. PMID- 6783635 TI - Isolation and characterization of sex-steroid-binding protein from rat and rabbit plasma. AB - The sex-steroid-binding plasma protein (SBP), which had been reported to be absent in the rat by several workers, was detected in 6-week-old male rats, but not in female rats aged 5-43 days. The rat SBP was purified to apparent homogeneity by affinity chromatography on testosterone-17-alpha ethynylcarboxyaminoethyl Sepharose 4B followed by hydroxyapatite column chromatography, and its properties were compared with those of rabbit SBP prepared in exactly the same fashion. The concentration of SBP in adult male rabbit was 25-fold greater than that in 6-week-old male rat, but the binding characteristics of both SBPs were very similar. They specifically bind testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, but have virtually no affinity for estradiol, progesterone, or cortisol. Equilibrium dissociation constants for dihydrotestosterone were estimated to be 11.7 nM for rat SBP and 14.9 nM for rabbit SBP. PMID- 6783636 TI - Selective induction of two different molecular species of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. AB - Two forms of cytochrome P-450, P-450PB and P-450MC, were purified to homogeneity from the liver microsomes of phenobarbital (PB)-treated and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-treated rats, respectively. Rabbit antibodies against P-450PB and P-450MC were prepared and the monospecificity of each antibody preparation was confirmed by various lines of evidence. By the use of these antibodies, the contents of P 450PB and P-450MC in microsomes could be determined separately by quantitative immunoprecipitation. P-450PB and P-450MC each amounted to about 10% of total cytochrome P-450 in the microsomes of normal rats. However, each of them was selectively and substantially increased by the appropriate inducer, and became a predominant component of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomes of drug-treated animals. The increase of each specific molecular species of cytochrome P-450 was about 10- and 20-fold within 48 h, whereas the increase of total cytochrome P-450 was only about 2- to 3-fold even after maximal induction by the drugs. The drug oxidation activities of P-450PB and P-450MC were also significantly altered by the drug treatments. The administration of MC to PB-treated rats induced a drastic decrease in the P-450PB-dependent oxidations of benzo(a)pyrene and 7 ethoxycoumarin, while the corresponding activities of P-450MC increased sharply, and these changes were much more rapid than the change of the amount of each form of cytochrome P-450. However, the oxidation of benzphetamine was almost exclusively P-450PB-dependent even after extensive induction by MC. These observations suggest that the specific activities of p-450PB and P-450MC in the oxidations of various drugs are quite differently affected by the induced states of animals. PMID- 6783637 TI - Lytic enzyme produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa concomitantly with bacteriophage PS17. Purification, characterization, and comparison with PR1-lysozyme. AB - A bacteriolytic enzyme was found to be produced, concomitantly with the progeny phage, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa P14 infected with phage PS17. The enzyme, named PS17-lysozyme, was purified by acrinol treatment, two cycles of Amberlite CG-50 chromatography, and SP-Sephadex C-50 chromatography. Homogeneity of the preparation was demonstrated by three electrophoretic techniques. PS17-lysozyme behaved like a basic protein (pI, 9-10) consisting of a single polypeptide chain (molecular weight, 24,500) and showed the substrate specificity as hen egg-white lysozyme. The enzyme exhibited much higher specific activity than the egg-white enzyme when assayed with chloroform-killed P. aeruginosa P14 as a substrate. These characteristics, as well as the amino acid composition, were very similar to those of PR1-lysozyme; a bacteriolytic enzyme produced in mitomycin C-induced P. aeruginosa P15 concomitantly with a phage-tail-like bacteriocin, pyocin R1 (Ochi et al. (1978) J. Biochem. 83, 727-736). However, the behavior of these two lysozymes from P. aeruginosa in Amberlite CG-50 chromatography and some other properties indicated that they were not identical, though they were similar. The results are in accord with the view that pyocin R1 may be a defective form of a bacteriophage closely related to but not identical with phage PS17. PMID- 6783638 TI - Eu-actinin, a new structural protein of the Z-line of striated muscles. AB - A new protein component of the Z-line of striated muscles was isolated from chicken breast muscle. This protein has been designated as eu-actinin because of its close similarity in polypeptide molecular weight to actin. Eu-actinin was extracted from myosin-removed myofibrils at low ionic strength at pH 6.5 and purified by column chromatography on Sepharose 4B and DEAE-cellulose. Although the polypeptide molecular weight of eu-actinin measured by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is similar to that of actin, other physico-chemical properties of eu-actinin definitely differ from those of actin. The isoelectric point of eu actinin was more acidic than that of actin. The amino acid composition of eu actinin was found to be different from that of actin or those of other muscle structural proteins. The results of analytical gel filtration on Sepharose 4B indicated that eu-actinin forms dimers through non-covalent bonding under aqueous conditions. Eu-actinin has a low axial asymmetry under low-salt conditions, as judged from its intrinsic viscosity ([eta] = 6.4 ml/g for the dimer state) and exhibits a tendency to undergo self-association with increasing ionic strength. Interactions of eu-actinin with other muscle proteins were examined by the affinity column technique. It was shown that eu-actinin binds to actin and alpha actinin. Eu-actinin exhibited strong seeding ability for the polymerization of actin. Antibody to eu-actinin was raised in a goat and purified by affinity chromatography. The specific antibody against eu-actinin did not form precipitine lines with actin or alpha-actinin. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that eu actinin is localized at the Z-line of myofibrils. The FITC-conjugated antibody to eu-actinin also stained the Z-lines of rabbit skeletal muscle and chicken cardiac muscle. Therefore, it was concluded that eu-actinin is a new, ubiquitous constituent of Z-lines of striated muscles. PMID- 6783639 TI - Purification and characterization of embryonic chicken pepsinogen, a unique pepsinogen with large molecular weight. AB - An embryo-specific pepsinogen was isolated from the proventriculi of 15-day-old chicken embryos and purified by means of fractionation with ammonium sulfate, filtration on Sephadex G-100, and chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and hydroxyapatite. The properties of this pepsinogen and pepsin derived from it were compared with those of an adult-specific chicken pepsinogen and its pepsin. Though the optimal pH and alkali-stability were similar in the two pepsinogens, molecular weight, sensitivity to pepstatin, and antigenicity were quite different. Among the properties of this embryo-specific pepsinogen, the large molecular weight (56,000 for pepsinogen and 53,000 for pepsin) is especially noteworthy, since the molecular weights of the known pepsinogens of mammals and birds fall into the range of 35,000-48,000. PMID- 6783640 TI - X-ray diffraction studies on chromatophore membrane from photosynthetic bacteria. I. Diffraction pattern of the photoreaction unit isolated from Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore and some characteristics of the structure. AB - The X-ray diffraction pattern from chromatophore membranes of a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum, indicates that a highly organized protein assembly exists in the membrane. The X-ray scatterer was solubilized from chromatophores by a mixture of cholate and deoxycholate. The basic component was identified as the photoreaction unit, which consists of light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll proteins and a reaction center. The radial autocorrelation function, calculated directly from the X-ray intensity dats, made it possible to deduce certain structural features of the X-ray scatterer. 1. The maximum dimension of the X-ray scatterer is estimated to be 110-130 A. 2. The arrangement of the units in the chromatophore membrane is random. 3. Protein molecules in the unit form a rigid structure, being arranged mutually in fixed positions to give a distinct X-ray diffraction pattern. 4. The most probable structure is one which has rotational symmetry. PMID- 6783641 TI - Absorption spectrum of allophycocyanin isolated from Anabaena cylindrica: variation of the absorption spectrum induced by changes of the physico-chemical environment. AB - The absorption spectrum of allophycocyanin of Anabaena cylindrica was studied. The extinctions of the main absorption bands (650 and 620 nm) varied depending on the protein concentration, ionic strength, and pH. At higher protein concentrations or higher ionic strength, the 650 nm band became stronger and the 620 nm band became weaker. At pH values lower than 6.0, reverse changes occurred in association with protein dissociation into monomer. Similar spectral variation was also induced by sugars and polyols. Glucose, sucrose, or glycerol (1-5 M) induced an increase in the 650 nm band and a decrease in the 620 nm band without causing any changes in protein conformation. Propylene glycol and ethylene glycol showed a reverse effect and caused protein dissociation into monomer. The difference spectra of all spectral changes were identical, consisting of a sharp and strong peak at 650 nm and a broad and weak one in the reverse direction at a wavelength below 620 nm. The spectral variation probably results from shifts of the electronic state of phycocyanobilin. We postulated that a protein field favorable to the state producing the 650 nm band is established around phycocyanobilin when the protein takes a "tight state" through protein association or by the action of sugar in aqueous environment; in a "relaxed state" in the monomer, the state of phycocyanobilin similar to that in phycocyanin becomes dominant. PMID- 6783642 TI - Metronidazole and the isolation of temperature-sensitive photosynthetic mutants in cyanobacteria. AB - A procedure has been developed for use of metronidazole (2-methyl-5 nitroimidazole-1-ethanol) as an enrichment agent during the isolation of temperature-sensitive, photosynthetic mutants in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus cedrorum. The protocol includes incubation with this drug following mutagenesis with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Incubation of photosynthetically active S. cedrorum cells with 1 mM metronidazole causes a light-dependent reduction of cell viability. Maximum reduction in cell viability occurred following 6 h of incubation. Cessation of electron transport reduced the impact of the drug by five orders of magnitude. Yet during the time of incubation, metronidazole did not influence the electron transport capacities of the S. cedrorum cells, suggesting that the thylakoid membrane was not the target of the toxic effects of this drug. In addition, this drug was found to be an effective electron acceptor to photosystem I although high concentrations were required to observe maximum rates of electron transfer. Metronidazole interacted in a noncompetitive manner with methyl viologen, which suggested that those two acceptors to photosystem I have unique reduction sites on the S. cedrorum thylakoid membrane. The temperature-sensitive strains that were isolated using the procedure presented here were assessed for photosynthetic electron transport and chlorophyll fluorescence (induction kinetics and low-temperature emission spectra) characteristics. Approximately one-half of the temperature-sensitive mutants isolated possessed abnormal photosynthetic properties when shifted to the restrictive temperature (40 degrees C). A total of 31 throughout the photosynthetic electron-transport chain. PMID- 6783643 TI - [Effect of 2 methods of demineralization on the on the preservation of glycoproteins and proteoglycans in the intertubular and peritubular dentin in the horse]. AB - The effect of 2 methods of demineralization on the preservation of proteoglycans and glycoproteins was studied in the intertubular and peritubular dentine of the horse. The specimens embedded in Epon were demineralized with a 2% acid formic solution (Bonucci and Gheradi, 1975). Other fragments were treated with an organic solution of EDTA alkylammonium salt (Scott and Kyffin, 1979). These methods preserved in a satisfactory way these labile organic components. In the intertubular dentine, glycoproteins and proteoglycans were also identified, either associated with collagen fibres as a glue and granules, or present in the interfibrillar spaces. In the peritubular dentine, amorphous material formed a fine network between the mineral structures. PMID- 6783644 TI - Control of arachidonic acid accumulation in bone marrow-derived macrophages by acyltransferases. AB - The turnover of phospholipid fatty acid moieties of bone marrow-derived macrophages was analyzed by separate determination of degrading and acylating activities. Acylating activities were followed in intact cells by incubation with excess arachidonic acid and degradation of phospholipids was followed in cells prelabeled with fatty acids. Significant phospholipase A2 activity was detectable only if the reutilization of liberated fatty acid was inhibited , e.g. by p chloromercuribenzoate. It was of interest that the divalent cation ionophore A 23187 and various antiphlogistic drugs like indomethacin, diclofenac, and acetylsalicylic acid were found to inhibit the acylation reaction. These compounds led to increased levels of free arachidonic acid in stimulated, as well as in unstimulated cells. Increased activities of phospholipase A2 were achieved by treatment with the bivalent cation ionophore A 23187 and with zymosan. The effect of zymosan obtained from various sources was found to be exclusively due to contamination of tee zymosan particles with phospholipase A2 activity. Even when the cellular phospholipase activity was increased by the addition of exogenous phospholipase activity contained in the zymosan particles, degradation of cellular phospholipids was not measurable unless the reacylation was inhibited. These results suggest that in the cells studied, the level of free arachidonic acid is mainly controlled by the activity of the lysophosphatide acyltransferase. PMID- 6783645 TI - Separation and characterization of heavy and light chains from Clostridium botulinum type C toxin and their reconstitution. AB - Clostridium botulinum type C toxin consists of a heavy and a light chain with molecular weights of 98,000 and 53,000, respectively, which are linked by one disulfide bond. The two components were separated from each other by quaternary aminoethyl Sephadex A-50 column chromatography by stepwise elution with NaCl in 27.5 mM borax-45 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 8.0, containing 5% 2 mercaptoethanol at 0 degrees C. The purified components had different amino acid compositions and antigenicities, and the toxicity of the toxin was neutralized completely by either anti-heavy chain Fab or anti-light chain Fab. the two components could be reconstituted to form an active molecule with recovered toxicity which varied according to the method used. Maximum recovery was obtained in a system in which the intersubunit S--S bond was first formed in the presence of high concentration of neutral salts, after which the concentration of salt was gradually decreased. The reconstituted preparation was highly toxic and had the same properties as the parental toxin on chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunodiffusion. By the use of three perturbants, the fractions of exposed tryptophans and tyrosines of the preparation were found to be almost the same as that of the parental toxin. PMID- 6783646 TI - Intestinal basement membrane of Ascaris suum. Physical properties of the collagenous domain. PMID- 6783647 TI - Characterization of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-dependent calcium uptake in cultured embryonic chick duodenum. PMID- 6783648 TI - Isolation from erythrocytes of a green hemoprotein with ferroactivator activity. AB - A protein that exhibits ferroactivator activity with purified rat liver P enolpyruvate carboxykinase was purified to apparent homogeneity from bovine erythrocytes. The homogeneous protein has a molecular weight of 82,000 by high speed sedimentation equilibrium and 90,000 by gel exclusion chromatography. A subunit molecular weight of 22,500 was obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Its isoelectric focusing indicated that the ferroactivator protein has an isoelectric point at pH 5.7. The reduced pyridine hemochrome of the denatured protein shows absorption maxima at 419, 527, and 557 nm which is characteristic of protoheme IX. The native protein is green in color with absorption maxima at 407, 507, and 543 nm. The amino acid composition and immunological studies show that bovine erythrocyte protein is structurally similar to the P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase ferroactivator protein isolated from rat liver. Its function in the erythrocyte is unknown. PMID- 6783649 TI - Purification and characterization of endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii induced by hog gastric mucin. AB - A new procedure for inducing and purifying endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii was described. The enzyme was found to be induced with high efficiency in culture medium containing Smith-degraded hog gastric mucin, which was prepared from a commercially available starting material. Endo-beta galactosidase was then purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sephadex chromatography, and affinity chromatography on Sepharose conjugated with the Smith-degraded mucin. The enzyme thus purified by only three steps showed no other glycosidase or protease activities and had higher specific activity compared to the previous method. This new method has a great advantage since the gastric mucin is abundantly available and the efficiency of enzyme production was high without significant induction of exoglycosidase. The hydrolysis of oligosaccharides, glycosphingolipid, and keratansulfate was studied by using this newly purified enzyme. Kinetic data indicate that hydrolyzability of these substrates is largely affected by substrate concentration, enzyme concentration and the structure of substrates. Based on these results, the specificity of E. freundii endo-beta-galactosidase was discussed. PMID- 6783650 TI - Isolation and characterization of a keratan sulfate-degrading endo-beta galactosidase from Flavobacterium keratolyticus. PMID- 6783651 TI - Metabolism of chromatographically separated rat serum lipoproteins specifically labeled with 125I-apolipoprotein E. AB - Radioiodinated apolipoprotein E, added in small amounts to rat serum, rapidly associates with the serum very low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins in proportion to their content of endogenous and apolipoprotein E. The labeled lipoproteins can be separated, without ultracentrifugation, by molecular sieve chromatography. When these labeled lipoproteins are injected intravenously into intact rats, the labeled apolipoprotein E rapidly exchanges with apolipoprotein E in the alternate lipoprotein fraction and is removed from the blood at a slow rate, comparable to that observed for apolipoprotein A-I in similarly labeled high density lipoproteins. No evidence was found for a rapidly turning over component of high density lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein E. When very low density lipoproteins, labeled endogenously with [3H]cholesterol and with radioiodinated apolipoprotein E, are added to perfusates of isolated rat livers, the labeled cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein E are removed from the perfusate rapidly and at the same rate. Therefore, the slow removal of labeled apolipoprotein E in very low density lipoproteins in vivo is the result of rapid exchange with apolipoprotein E in high density lipoproteins. PMID- 6783652 TI - Large scale isolation of functionally active components of the human complement system. AB - In the present work a scheme is presented for the isolation of multiple components of human complement in a functionally and biochemically pure state and with full hemolytic activity. These preparative procedures allow high recovery of milligram and gram quantities of particular complement components from a large pool (2-11 liters) of fresh EDTA plasma in no more than four chromatographic steps. Many components (C3bINA, C5, C3, C1EI, C4, and C9) are recovered functionally pure or highly purified following the first chromatographic step employing DEAE-Sephacel and may be utilized as reagents with no further purification. Prior to anion exchange, individual units of plasma are treated with inhibitors of complement activation and serum proteases, the pooled plasma is fractionated with polyethylene glycol, depleted of plasminogen on Sepharose lysine, and rapidly ultrafiltered to low ionic strength and high protein concentration. The high degree of resolution of the components on DEAE-Sephacel subsequently obtained is demonstrated by the functional recovery and purification in a representative experiment as indicated (in their order of elution) for the following proteins: C3bINA (24%, 18-fold), C2 (74%, 12-fold), C7 (87%, 14-fold), factor B (55%, 8.7-fold),, C8 (50%, 16-fold), C6 (82%, 25-fold), beta 1H (39%, 12 fold), C5 (62%, 111-fold), C3 (99%, 64-fold), C1EI (42%, 135-fold), C9 (80%, 297 fold), and c4 (78%, 164-fold). Other components separated by these procedures include C1q and C4 binding protein. Additional steps described, which demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of this preparative scheme, have allowed isolation of C3, C5, and C7 as pure components with full hemolytic activity as judged by functional, immunochemical, and physicochemical criteria. C8, also isolated as a homogeneous protein, was recovered with partial hemolytic activity. All these components were recovered in high yield and in the purification as indicated: C3 (61%, 103-fold), C5 (24% 1350-fold), C7 (19%, 2260-fold), and C8 (32%, 547-fold). Complement components C6, beta 1H, factor B, and C2 in addition to C3bINA, C1EI, C4, and C9 are recovered partially purified with good activity and are amenable to further purification. PMID- 6783653 TI - Crystallization and preliminary X-ray investigation of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase. AB - Crystals of human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase have been grown from solutions of ammonium sulfate. The crystals are trigonal, space group R32; the hexagonal axes are a = 143.8(2) and c = 165.1(2) A. The crystals are moderately stable to x-rays and diffract beyond 3.0 A resolution. The experimental density of the crystals indicates that the molecular weight of the protein is 94,000. The three subunits are not related by crystallographic symmetry. PMID- 6783654 TI - An inhibitor of plasminogen activator in rabbit endothelial cells. AB - The antifibrinolytic activity of cytosols obtained from cultured rabbit endothelial cells was studied to determine whether it resulted from the presence of an antiplasmin or an antiactivator. These cytosol preparations inhibited the fibrinolytic activity initiated by some plasminogen activators (e.g. urokinase, rabbit endothelial cell activator), but not others (e.g. activators associated with bovine endothelial cells and Rous sarcoma virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts), suggesting that inhibition occurred at the level of plasmin formation, not plasmin activity. The fibrinolytic activity of plasmin itself was unaffected by concentrations of cytosol that completely blocked urokinase mediated fibrinolysis consistent with this conclusion. In addition, the ability of urokinase to cleave 125I-plasminogen into its characteristic activation fragments was inhibited by cytosol in a dose-dependent manner. When urokinase was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, two peaks of activity were detected, corresponding to Mr = 55,000 and 32,000. Urokinase preincubated with cytosol and analyzed in a similar manner demonstrated no activity in any portion of the gel, suggesting that its ability to function as a plasminogen activator was irreversibly lost following its interaction with cytosol. These results indicate that the antifibrinolytic activity of rabbit endothelial cells results from the presence of a molecule or molecules with antiactivator activity. The cellular location and unusual degree of specificity distinguish the endothelial cell inhibitor(s) from antifibrinolytic agents observed in other cells and in plasma and platelets. PMID- 6783655 TI - Differential activation of platelet phospholipases by thrombin and ionophore A23187. AB - Although exposure of platelets to ionophore A23187 causes some activation of phospholipase C, ionophore is an inefficient stimulus for this enzyme. A23187 induces the formation of one-fourth to one-sixth as much diglyceride as does thrombin when comparable amounts of phosphatidylinositol are hydrolyzed. We have shown previously that in the presence of indomethacin thrombin-treated platelets accumulate significant quantitites of diglyceride via inhibition of diglyceride lipase. However, a similar accumulation of diglyceride does not occur when ionophore is used as a stimulus in the presence of indomethacin. Ionophore does not appear to be stimulating the catabolism of diglyceride, since the simultaneous addition of ionophore and thrombin does not impair the formation and metabolism of diglyceride which is promoted by thrombin alone. Further, whereas indomethacin exerts no inhibitory effects upon phospholipase C or the formation of diglyceride in platelets responding to either stimulus, indomethacin does inhibit 1) the loss of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine in response to thrombin and 2) the loss of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol in response to A23187. We conclude that in A23187-activated platelets, phosphatidylinositol is hydrolyzed primarily by an enzyme other than phospholipase C. This indomethacin-inhibitable enzyme is probably a phospholipase A. Therefore, the full expression of phospholipase C in platelets requires more than a general flux in intracellular calcium. PMID- 6783656 TI - A label selection procedure for determining the location of protein-protein interaction sites by cross-linking with bisimidoesters. Application to lactose synthase. AB - A procedure is described that is designed to identify the primary site of cross linking by bisimidoesters of a component of an interacting protein system. It is based on the mutually exclusive nature of acetylation and amidination. The procedure has been applied to the regulatory protein of lactose synthase, alpha lactalbumin. A sample of bovine alpha-lactalbumin was acetylated with a trace amount of high specific activity [3H]acetic anhydride to produce a population of protein molecules essentially all of which contain 0 to 1 acetyl group; partial labeling of all 13 amino groups was obtained. This material was mixed with bovine colostrum galactosyltransferase in the presence of Mn2+, UDP-glucose, and N acetylglucosamine, at pH 8.0, to promote complex formation and was cross-linked with dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate. Covalently cross-linked alpha lactalbumin-galactosyltransferase (1:1) complex with characteristic enzymic and other properties was purified from the reaction mixture, and the distribution of [3H]acetyl label on each amino group of the alpha-lactalbumin component was determined, using procedures similar to those described in previous differential labeling studies (Richardson, R., and Brew, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 3377 3385). In comparison with the original labeled sample used for cross-linking, the specific activity of tritium label in 10 amino groups showed little change, whereas the labeling of three groups was changed markedly. The acetyl moiety on the epsilon-amino groups of lysines 5 and 108 showed major decreases in specific activity while that of lysine 114 was greatly increased. Similar results were obtained when the cross-linking was performed under different conditions of temperature, and cross-linker concentration. As the changes in lysines 5 and 114 are similar to those observed in differential labeling, they are attributed to alterations in the affinity for galactosyltransferase resulting from acetylation of these groups. In contrast, lysine 108, which is not sufficiently close to the interaction site to be perturbed in differential labeling studies but is greatly decreased in tritium content in the cross-linked complex, appears to represent the major site through which alpha-lactalbumin is cross-linked to galactosyltransferase as a result of the exclusion of protein molecules acetylated in this position from covalent cross-linking. Studies with a homologous series of bisimidoesters indicate that lysine 108 is situated 6.1 to 7.3 A degrees from an amino group on galactosyltransferase in the cross-linked complex. The general utility of the procedure and the nature of the interaction site in lactose synthase are discussed. PMID- 6783658 TI - Amino acid sequence of a myoglobin isolated from map turtle, Graptemys geographica. AB - Myoglobin was isolated from the skeletal muscle of map turtle, Graptemys geographica, and purified by Sephadex G-75 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The myoglobin was cleaved by cyanogen bromide treatment, by peptic digestion, and by tryptic digestion of myoglobin whose lysine residues had been modified with citraconic anhydride or 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic anhydride. From the amino acid sequences of these fragments, the complete amino acid sequence was deduced. PMID- 6783657 TI - Component C of the methylreductase system of Methanobacterium. AB - Component C of the methyl coenzyme M methylreductase system of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has been purified to homogeneity with a 17% recovery of initial units. The native protein has a molecular weight of 300,000 and is composed of three different subunits with masses of 68,000, 45,000, and 38,500. They are present in equal proportion, suggesting a stoichiometry of alpha 2, beta 2, gamma 2 in the native protein. The amino acid composition reveals a preponderance of acidic amino acid residues. The protein is yellow, having an absorption maximum at 425 nm and a shoulder at 455 nm. Reconstitution of the methyl coenzyme M methylreductase activity was linearly dependent on added component C. Component C has been detected in cell extracts of other methanogens. PMID- 6783659 TI - Mechanisms of ionic activation of adrenal mitochondrial cytochromes P-450scc and P-45011 beta. PMID- 6783661 TI - The effect of cycloheximide on synthesis of proteoglycans by cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - Proteoglycan synthesis by cultured chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma was examined after treatment with 0.1 mg/ml of cycloheximide which inhibited [3H]serine incorporation into total protein by greater than 90%. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into proteoglycans decreased with nearly first order kinetics (t 1/2 = 96 +/- 6 min) with an accompanying increase in the size of the proteoglycan molecules, primary due to an increase in chondroitin sulfate chain sizes. After 5 h of cycloheximide treatment, when [35S]sulfate incorporation was inhibited by about 90%, addition of 1 mM beta-D-xyloside restored 76% of the incorporation into chondroitin sulfate observed in cultures treated only with xyloside. This suggests that the biochemical pathways for the affected by cycloheximide treatment. Cultures were prelabeled for 15 min with either [3H]serine or [35S] methionine, and then cycloheximide was added to block further protein synthesis. Both precursors appeared in completed proteoglycan molecules with nearly first order kinetics with t 1/2 values of 92 +/- 8 and 101 +/- 11 min for [3H]serine and [35S]methionine, respectively, values in close agreement with the t 1/2 from the [35S]sulfate data. These results suggest that after cycloheximide treatment, the rate of [35S]sulfate incorporation into proteoglycan, after a correction for increases in chondroitin sulfate chain size, was directly proportional to the size of the intracellular pool of core protein. From the steady state rate of proteoglycan synthesis (estimated to be about 80 ng/min/10(6) cells in separate experiments) and a corrected t 1/2 value of 60 min, the amount of precursor core protein can be calculated to be about 500 ng/10(6) cells in these experiments. PMID- 6783660 TI - Structural prediction of sugar-binding proteins functional in chemotaxis and transport. AB - Comparisons of the D-galactose- and D-ribose-binding protein amino acid sequences and secondary structure predictions with the known primary and three-dimensional structure of L-arabinose-binding protein suggest that the three proteins have similar molecular structures. These studies also indicate an evolutionary relationship among the proteins. One region of striking homology between the galactose- and ribose-binding proteins suggests that this may be th protein protein contact site for interaction with the membrane-bound chemotaxis receptor. The ligands and the geometry of the galactose binding site are also predicted. PMID- 6783663 TI - Histone acetylase from Drosophila melanogaster specific for H4. AB - Histone acetylation is a rapid and reversible modification which introduces significant changes in histone-DNA interactions. Such changes have been correlated with different states of DNA transcription and replication in the cell. We have purified a histone acetylase about 1200-fold from extracts of Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Major steps in the purification include chromatography on histone-Sepharose and Bio-Rex 70. This enzyme, the only histone acetylase detected in these extracts, acetylates only histone H4. All of the acetate groups are introduced within the NH2-terminal amino acids 4 to 17. This 14-residue peptide contains the four lysines which are acetylated in vivo. The acetylase is inhibited by its substrate, histone H4, and by several highly charged polymers including polylysine, polyarginine, DNA, RNA, and polyglutamic acid. It is not inhibited by polyethyleneimine, spermine, or the other histones H2A, H2B, H3, or H1. The enzyme does not acetylate H4 which is in chromatin. This enzyme is most likely involved in the acetylation of newly synthesized histones in the cytoplasm prior to chromatin assembly. PMID- 6783662 TI - Isolation, purification, and properties of a unique form of cytochrome P-450 in microsomes of isosafrole-treated rats. PMID- 6783664 TI - Influence of curvature of response lines in antibiotic agar diffusion assays. PMID- 6783665 TI - [An animal model for testing the activity of meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine]. PMID- 6783666 TI - International collaborative study of four candidate reference preparations for the antigenic and hemolytic measurement of human serum complement components. PMID- 6783667 TI - Monitoring of relative mitochondrial membrane potential in living cells by fluorescence microscopy. AB - Permeant cationic fluorescent probes are shown to be selectively accumulated by the mitochondria of living cells. Mitochondria-specific interaction of such molecules is apparently dependent on the high trans-membrane potential (inside negative) maintained by functional mitochondria. Dissipation of the mitochondrial trans-membrane and potential by ionophores or inhibitors of electron transport eliminates the selective mitochondrial association of these compounds. The application of such potential-dependent probes in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy allows the monitoring of mitochondrial membrane potential in individual living cells. Marked elevations in mitochondria-associated probe fluorescence have been observed in cells engaged in active movement. This approach to the analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential should be of value in future investigations of the control of energy metabolism and energy requirements of specific biological functions at the cellular level. PMID- 6783668 TI - Studies of the copper-binding proteins in Menkes and normal cultured skin fibroblast lysates. AB - Proteins of approximately 10,000 daltons (presumably metallothionein) and greater than 75,000 daltons bound 64Cu when this metal was added to fibroblast lysates. Treatment with either 2-mercaptoethanol or the disodium salt of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid demonstrated that the high molecular weight copper-binding proteins in lysates prepared from both normal and Menkes fibroblasts exhibited a relatively low affinity for copper compared to the 10,000 dalton protein(s). No difference was detected in the affinity of the low molecular weight protein(s) of normal and Menkes fibroblast lysates for copper. The amount of 64Cu bound to the 10,000 dalton protein(s), however, was approximately two to three times greater in lysates prepared from Menkes fibroblasts than from normal fibroblasts. Mixing experiments indicated that the increased binding of 64Cu to the 10,000 dalton protein(s) in lysates of Menkes fibroblasts did not result from the deficiency of a factor that effects the cleavage of copper from this protein(s), from the presence of a soluble inhibitor, or from the lack of an activator. In addition, the use of lysates, rather than whole cells, demonstrated that the observed differences in copper binding between the normal and the Menkes fibroblasts were not caused by an abnormality in the membrane transport of copper in the mutant cells. Thus the findings suggest that the increased accumulation and the reduced efflux of copper previously observed in cultured Menkes fibroblasts result either from an increased amount of the 10,000 dalton copper-binding protein(s) or from an increased capacity of this molecule(s) for copper. PMID- 6783669 TI - Trifluorothymidine resistance and colony size in L5178Y/TK +/- cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate. AB - L5178Y/TK +/- cells treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) were allowed to recover for 0,48,96,144, or 240 hours, and were then plated in soft-agar medium containing trifluorothymidine (TFT). Dose-dependent and consistent increases in the frequency of TFTR cells were observed after each of the 48-240-hour expression periods through the counting of predominantly large, mutant colonies. Size distributions of soft-agar colonies from either MMS-treated or control cells were bimodal in the presence, and unimodal in the absence, of TFT. An increase of small, presumptive TFTR colonies with either increasing MMS concentration or decreasing recovery time was probably a manifestation of chemical toxicity, for a similar increase in small-colony number was observed in the absence of TFT when cells were cloned immediately after MMS treatment, when no induced mutants were yet detectable. Recloning experiments with 22 small-colony-derived cell lines revealed that, with one exception, small-colony morphology was not a heritable trait. While all large- and some small-colony-derived stocks from MMS-treated cells were of the phenotypically stable TK-/- type; spontaneous small TFTR colonies generally were not, their occurrence being directly correlated with serum concentration. No aneuploidy was evident in MMS-treated cell lines several generations after isolation as small TFTR colonies. These results suggest that delayed MMS cytotoxicity in TK +/- cells can temporarily produce increased physiological resistance to TFT in some cells, giving rise to secondary populations of small-colony TFTR variants. PMID- 6783670 TI - Determination of individual chlorinated biphenyls in agricultural products by automated capillary gas chromatography: determination in cattle feed and its relation to milk residues. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls were determined by glass capillary gas chromatography with electron capture detection, with automatic splitless injection. Using a saponification step as clean-up procedure, the detection limit for individual polychlorinated biphenyls can be improved up to the sub-ppb level for vegetable material and up to the ppb level for fatty material. Quantification is carried out by comparison of separated chlorobiphenyl peaks with the corresponding individual chlorobiphenyl standards. The results of monitoring programs of milkfat and cattle feed are summarized. Accumulation factors for several chlorobiphenyls, determined in an experiment with lactating cows, are used to show that contamination of the milkfat is not caused by contaminated cattle feed. PMID- 6783671 TI - Analysis of radiomethylated N epsilon-methyllysines and other methylated amino acids by ion-exchange chromatography with fluorescent detection. PMID- 6783673 TI - Determination of 5-fluorouracil and pyrimidine bases in plasma by gas chromatography-chemical ionization-mass fragmentography. PMID- 6783672 TI - Automated on-line multi-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic techniques for the clean-up and analysis of water-soluble samples. AB - The application of an automated on-line multi-dimensional liquid-liquid chromatographic technique for the clean-up and analysis of water-soluble samples was investigated. The use of microparticulate aqueous-compatible steric exclusion columns as the primary separation step coupled to either reversed-phase, normal phase or ion-exchange columns as the secondary step allowed the direct injection of complex samples without prior clean-up. The entire operation was automatically controlled by a microprocessor-based liquid chromatograph with time-programmable events which allowed precise switching of high-pressure pneumatically operated valves. Both heart-cutting and on-column concentration methods were used. The heart-cutting technique had the advantage of selectivity but lacked sensitivity; more successful was the on-column concentration technique, which, by the concentration of the solute from a larger volume of exclusion column effluent on to the secondary column, gave better sensitivity. The technique was applied to the analysis of theophylline and caffeine in biological fluids, catecholamines in urine, vitamins in a protein food supplement and sugars in molasses and candy bars. PMID- 6783674 TI - The application of high-performance liquid chromatography in enzymatic assays of chondroitin sulfate isomers in normal human urine. AB - A study of the urinary excretion of isomeric chondroitin sulfates in normal individuals by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determinations of the unsaturated disaccharides produced by digestion with chondroitinases is described. The composition of the HPLC mobile phase was systematically varied in order to select the optimal conditions for separation. The data show that chondroitin 4-sulfate is the major component of the chondroitin sulfate isomers in normal urine, and that chondroitin 6-sulfate is a lesser component. It is also evident that dermatan sulfate is present in small quantities in normal urine. PMID- 6783675 TI - Improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biologic fluids. AB - Improved methods have been developed for the determination of nicotine and its major metabolite, cotinine, in blood, plasma, and urine samples. These methods utilize gas chromatography with alkali flame ionization (nitrogen--phosphorus) detection and structural analogs of nicotine and cotinine as internal standards. PMID- 6783676 TI - Evaluation of four methods for isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Bio-Bag (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.) type C is made up of a ziplock plastic bag which contains a Thayer-Martin plate and a crushable CO2-generating ampoule. This system was compared with the candle extinction jar, Gono-Pak (Nasco, Fort Atkinson, Wis.), and JEMBEC (GIBCO Diagnostics, Lawrence, Mass.) systems to determine their efficiency and reliability for the isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A total of 191 anal and 130 urethral specimens were tested. There were 104 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae (24 anal and 80 urethral). The candle jar and Bio-Bag systems each detected 98 (94%) of the isolates. The Gono Pak and JEMBEC systems detected 102 (98%) and 100 (96%) of the 104 isolates, respectively. These differences are not statistically significant. The Bio-Bag has the advantage of immediate CO2 release as compared with the Gono-Pak and JEMBEC systems, where CO2 production is dependent on the release of moisture from the medium. The Bio-Bag is a useful system, especially in situations where it is not convenient to use a candle jar. PMID- 6783678 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the Abbott MS-2 automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing system: report of a collaborative study. AB - The MS-2 system (Abbott Diagnostics, Division of Abbott Laboratories, Dallas, Tex.) was evaluated for its efficacy in determining the susceptibilities of both clinical and selected challenge (nonfastidious, facultative, and aerobic) isolates. The MS-2 results were compared with standard Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and microdilution results by using fresh clinical isolates. For gram-positive isolates other than enterococci, overall agreement between MS-2 and reference results was 93 to 98%. With enterococci, MS-2 agreement with disk diffusion was 68% but with microdilution was 86% (agreement between disk diffusion and microdilution was 73%). The main discrepancies with enterococci were with cephalothin, penicillin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. With clinical gram-negative isolates, the overall agreement was 91 to 93%, with most discrepancies occurring with Enterobacter spp. and beta-lactam antibiotics (MS-2 versus disk diffusion, 84%; MS-2 versus microdilution, 84%; disk diffusion versus microdilution, 87%) and with Serratia spp. and colistin (false-susceptible results). The agreement of MS-2 results with established reference antibiograms of a special collection of challenge strains was 91 to 97% for the gram-positive cocci and 86 to 98% for the gram-negative strains. (With Enterobacter spp., agreement was 86%, but was greater than 90% for all other organism groups.) Of the 98 finite MS-2 minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) that could be directly compared with microdilution MICs, 77 (79%) were within +/- 1 well of the geometric mean microdilution MIC. MS-2 analysis time ranged from 2.8 to 6.5 h (mean, 4.2 h). On the basis of these results, we conclude that the MS-2 can be expected to yield rapid and accurate results with most nonfastidious, facultative, and aerobic pathogens. PMID- 6783677 TI - Use of a sensitive microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a retrospective serological analysis of a laboratory population at risk to infection with typhus group rickettsiae. AB - A microplate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), developed for the detection of antibodies to typhus group rickettsiae, was used to analyze human sera from individuals engaged directly or indirectly in rickettsial research. The earliest serum available from each of 112 individuals was tested for immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii by ELISA at a 1:500 dilution. In at least one assay, nine sera had ELISA optical densities of greater than 0.2, which were above the mean optical densities plus three standard deviations of the other 103 sera. Three of the positive sera were from individuals with known clinical cases of typhus infection. The other sera with predominantly IgG titers were from individuals with extended laboratory exposure to rickettsiae or histories of typhus vaccination, or both. During continued serological surveillance, eight additional people with repeated occupational exposure to typhus rickettsiae had seroconversions in the ELISA to optical densities of greater than 0.2. No apparent clinical illness occurred in two individuals, whereas six clinical cases of infection occurred in others subsequent to accidental laboratory autoinoculation (one) or aerosol exposures (five). In the clinical infections, antibodies were first detected at 7 days, but in subsequent sera, rises and declines in titers were quite variable and were influenced by vaccination, relapse, and time and extent of antibiotic therapy. In primary infections the sera of several individuals who received immediate antibiotic therapy had brief strong IgM responses without pronounced increases in IgG. In contrast, much higher IgG levels were attained in three cases in which relapse occurred, the individual had previously been immunized, or treatment had been delayed. The microplate ELISA proved to be a highly sensitive and reliable test for detection of the human serological response to typhus antigens. PMID- 6783679 TI - Immunological nonidentity of Pseudomonas paucimobilis with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia. AB - This investigation determined the serum agglutination activity and serum bactericidal response after rabbit immunization with Pseudomonas paucimobilis. Agglutination activity of antisera showed a twofold increase in titer from before immunization to 4 weeks post-immunization and peaked at 8 weeks post-immunization with a titer of 1:512. 2-Mercaptoethanol reduction of immunoglobulin M decreased agglutination titers. No major antigens were found to be common from crude antigen preparations of P. paucimobilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia when tested with antisera to P. paucimobilis. Serum bactericidal activity was found in post-immunization antisera at 8 and 12 weeks against P. paucimobilis, with no activity present before immunization or at 4 weeks post immunization. Antisera against P. paucimobilis showed no bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa or P. cepacia. PMID- 6783680 TI - Normal left renal vein mimicking left renal artery aneurysm. AB - On transverse ultrasound scans a small number of patients with a paucity of retroperitoneal fat show an initial false impression of a left renal artery aneurysm due to the confluence of two normal findings. The left renal vein is unusually prominent from the hilum of the left kidney to the area between the superior mesenteric artery and the aorta; and part of the normal aortic wall, adjacent to the left renal vein, is incompletely imaged. Explanations for the prominence in the left renal vein and the partial visualization of the aortic wall are discussed, and various maneuvers that allow for accurate identification of both are described. The use of this analysis should prevent the incorrect diagnosis of a left renal artery aneurysm, which might lead to more invasive diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6783681 TI - Placenta previa: avoiding false-negative diagnoses. AB - A retrospective analysis of 102 patients with clinically suspected placenta previa revealed that ten women (10%) were correctly diagnosed as having placenta previa, while two women (2%) had false-positive diagnoses. Three of the ten women who were correctly diagnosed as having placenta previa had scans that could easily have been misinterpreted as normal. Because a false-negative diagnosis of placenta previa is clinically much more serious than a false-positive diagnosis, these cases are elaborated upon. Recognition of a laterally positioned placenta previa and observation of blood in the region of the internal cervical os should minimize false-negative diagnostic errors. PMID- 6783682 TI - Rapid oral hydration: a cause of pelvic fluid collections at sonography. PMID- 6783683 TI - Beat-to-beat variation in echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular dimensions and function. AB - M-mode echocardiography was used to explore the extent of spontaneous variation in left ventricular dimensions and indices of systolic and diastolic function. Extended records made in 26 subjects at rest were digitized and analyzed by computer. We found considerable beat-to-beat variation, in that measurements of five or more consecutive cycles were necessary to provide representative values for minor axis dimensions, while the degree of scatter for derived indices of function was greater. This has to be recognized when serial echocardiography is used to study the progress of disease or the effects of treatment. PMID- 6783684 TI - Intravenous carbon dioxide as an echocardiographic contrast agent. AB - Intravenous carbon dioxide (CO2) was employed to cause echocardiographic contrast in 40 patients. One to 3 cc of medically pure CO2 were agitated with 5 to 8 cc of 5% dextrose in water and rapidly injected into an upper extremity vein. Contrast was obtained in all patients. In 33 patients contrast density from 5% dextrose was compared with that from 5% dextrose-CO2 injections. Six of these patients had no contrast on the initial 5% dextrose injection and definite contrast with the subsequent injection containing CO2. Of the 33, 12 patients had initial contrast with 5% dextrose injections and greater contrast density when CO2 was added; 15 showed no definite difference; and none had less contrast with intravenous CO2-5% dextrose than with 5% dextrose alone. Intravenous CO2-5% dextrose is a useful method of increasing contrast in those patients who fail to demonstrate echocardiographic contrast when routine techniques are employed. It is also safe, provided precautions emphasized in this paper are observed. PMID- 6783685 TI - Ultrasonic appearance of metallic foreign bodies in parenchymal organs. PMID- 6783686 TI - Cystic hamartoma of the spleen: CT and sonographic findings. PMID- 6783687 TI - Antepartum diagnosis of a succenturiate lobe: sonographic and pathologic correlation. PMID- 6783688 TI - Celiac artery aneurysm: ultrasonic diagnosis. PMID- 6783689 TI - Quick "suntan" pills in Canada. PMID- 6783690 TI - Endocrine, cardiovascular, and psychological correlated of olfactory sensitivity changes during the human menstrual cycle. AB - Signal detection measures olfactory sensitivity (d') and measures of blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, nasal airflow, and respiration rate were repeatedly established within approximately 2.5-hr test sessions held every other day across 17 menstrual cycles of women not taking oral contraceptives, 6 menstrual cycles of women taking oral contraceptives, and 6 equivalent time periods of three men. In addition, radioimmunoassay-determined serum levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, as well as responses to the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ), were established daily or bidaily throughout the study periods. Peaks in olfactory sensitivity were noted during the second half of menses, midcycle, and midluteally in women taking and in women not taking oral contraceptives. The lack of correlation between the fluctuations in d' and the circulating hormone levels in the group using oral contraceptives suggests factors other than gonadal hormones were responsible for these changes. Significant fluctuations were also noted across the cycle phases of the normally cycling women for all the hormones examined, as well as for body temperature, nasal airflow, and the MDZ Water Retention and Pain Scales. In the oral contraceptive group, very small but statistically significant changes were observed across the cycle in body temperature and in circulating levels of luteinizing hormone and estrone. Interrelations between a number of the variables were noted both within and across the test periods in all three subject groups. The results are discussed in relation to fluctuations reported in a number of sensory systems during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6783691 TI - Orofacial manifestations in the neurodermatoses. PMID- 6783692 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone on experimental noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. AB - Methylprednisolone, 30 mg/kg body weight, was given to dogs 30 min and 4 h after injection of monocrotaline to produce noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Control animals received monocrotaline but not corticosteroids. After 6 h the steroid treated animals demonstrated significantly butter gas exchange and significantly less pulmonary edema. A possible mechanism of this beneficial effect of steroids is inhibition of complement-leukocyte interactions which may mediate pulmonary microvascular injury. The results lend some support to the clinical practice of short-term pharmacologic doses of steroids in noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. PMID- 6783693 TI - [Ocular hypotonia]. PMID- 6783694 TI - [Urinary estrone and estradiol levels in the diagnostic presumption of pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Urinary estrone and estradiol levels have been measured using an enzymatic method during the late lutheal phase in 17 female volunteers trying for a pregnancy and in 10 patients having a treatment for stimulation of ovulation. The profile of urinary estrogenic excretion appears to be different if a pregnancy started or not during the studied cycle. These patterns allow a good diagnostic presumption before the following missing menses, which can be useful when dealing with women treated for infertility and when plasmatic dosage of hCG or beta hCG cannot be rapidly available. PMID- 6783695 TI - The Wilhelmine E. Key 1979 Invitational Lecture: The anatomy of the human genome. PMID- 6783696 TI - [Tumors of the mouse submandibular gland induced by 7,12-DMBA. Differentiation of tumor cells as revealed by electron microscopy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783697 TI - Genetic control of antibody responses to TNP-nuclease in vitro. PMID- 6783698 TI - Characterization of genetic defects in macrophage tumoricidal capacity: identification of murine strains with abnormalities in secretion of cytolytic factors and ability to bind neoplastic targets. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from BCG-infected C3H/HeJ or A/J mice, in contrast to BCG activated macrophages from C3H/HeN mice, were ineffective at lysing adherent 1023 sarcoma targets, nonadherent P815 mastocytoma targets, or nonadherent EL-4 lymphoma targets. The ability of macrophages from BCG-infected C3H/HeJ mice to secret cytolytic factor (CF) into the supernatant medium was markedly impaired. This secretory deficit, however, did not extend to plasminogen activator, secretion of which was augmented. In contrast, the ability of BCG macrophages from A/J mice to secrete CF was comparable to or even slightly higher than that of macrophages from C3H/HeN mice. The ability of BCG-elicited macrophages from A/J mice to bind either of 2 neoplastic targets (the P815 mastocytoma and the EL 4 lymphoma), however, was greatly reduced. The ability of BCG-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice to bind these targets was comparable to that of macrophages from C3H/HeN mice. The data suggest that the phenotypically-similar deficits in tumoricidal capacity of BCG-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ and A/J mice are mediated by mechanistically different defects in macrophage-tumor cell interactions. PMID- 6783699 TI - Induction of balanced immunoglobulin chain synthesis in free light chain producing lymphocytes by mitogen stimulation. AB - Neoplastic cells from 2 cases of CLL synthesized and secreted excess free Ig light chain in culture, confirmed by precipitation with anti-idiotypic antibody. Small and medium sized normal human spleen cell subpopulations, staining predominantly for surface IgM and D, also synthesized and secreted excess free light chain. PWM stimulation induced balanced synthesis of heavy and light chains in CLL and normal spleen subpopulations after 6 days in culture, accompanied in spleen but not CLL by the appearance of mature plasma cells. These data demonstrate that normal cell counterparts of neoplastic lymphoid synthesis patterns can be identified in spleen. Furthermore, the synthesis pattern alteration after PWM stimulation suggests a relationship between free light chain synthesis and B cell immaturity. The failure of CLL cells to develop into detectable plasma cells suggests a restricted maturation response to mitogen compared with normal spleen. PMID- 6783700 TI - Glycosylation is not required for membrane localization or secretion of IgM in a mouse B cell lymphoma. AB - We have investigated the importance of glycosylation in determining the function of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulin M (IgM). Hickman and Kornfeld (1978) previously observed that glycosylation is required for IgM to be secreted by 104E, a mouse plasma cell tumor. In order to determine whether this requirement is a general one for all forms of IgM, we have used WEHI 279.1, a mouse B lymphoma that synthesizes both the membrane and secreted forms of IgM. In the presence of 5 microgram/ml tunicamycin (Tm), glycosylation of both membrane and secreted IgM is at least 90% inhibited, but total protein synthesis is equivalent in control and Tm-treated cells. Despite the absence of carbohydrate, IgM molecules are properly assembled into monomers for membrane localization. Cells whose surfaces have been stripped of membrane IgM by treatment with anti-mu antibody resynthesize the IgM equally well in the presence or absence of Tm. It is more surprising that the assembly of IgM into pentamers and the secretion of these pentamers into the medium are accomplished at the same rate and to about the same levels in control and Tm-treated WEHI 279.1 cells. This is in sharp contrast to the profound inhibition of IgM secretion observed when the plasmacytoma cell 104E is treated with the same concentration of Tm (5 microgram/ml). Although both WEHI 279.1 and 104E cells secrete IgM, the 2 are models for cells at very different points along the B cell differentiation pathway. The difference in the effect of Tm-treatment on IgM secretion may reflect a cellular change that occurs during this differentiation. The unglycosylated IgM is very sensitive to trypsin digestion, whereas the native forms are not. This suggests that the function of glycosylation may be to stabilize the IgM against proteolysis. PMID- 6783701 TI - Immature B cells as the target for in vivo tolerance induction. AB - In vitro studies have indicated that immature B cells at a specific stage in clonal maturation are exquisitely susceptible to tolerance induction by antigens and antigen concentrations that have no effect on mature B cells. In order to determine if a similar phenomenon obtains for B cells in vivo, mice were tolerized with DNP-D-GL and their splenic and bone marrow B cells were carefully washed and analyzed for responsiveness in the splenic focus system. The results demonstrate that, whereas the treated mice themselves become rapidly unresponsive to either DNP or TNP on a heterologous carrier, a measurable decrease in the frequency of splenic DNP-responsive B cells occurs only very slowly with a half life of approximately 2 wk and TNP-responsive splenic B cells are only marginally, if at all, affected. A progressive decrease in DNP-responsive bone marrow B cells is also observed and occurs at a somewhat more rapid rate than the decrease in splenic B cells. The rate of decrease of splenic precursor cells is totally consistent with the normal attrition of mature B cells in the absence of newly generated DNP-specific B cells. Thus, in vivo tolerance, like in vitro tolerance may only eliminate immature B cells as they emerge from their stem cell pool and has no effect on mature resident B cells. This conclusion is consistent with the additional finding that 1 mo after tolerance induction, the majority of remaining DNP-responsive B cells in the bone marrow is found in very early precursors that have not, as yet, acquired their immunoglobulin receptors. Finally, the exquisite specificity of this tolerance induction would be totally consistent with a physiologic role for a clonal abortion mechanism that could specifically eliminate self-reactive B cells while leaving essentially intact the B cell repertoire responsive to non-self determinants. PMID- 6783703 TI - Antibody response to capsular polysaccharides of groups A and C neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b during bacteremic disease. AB - Levels of antibodies to the capsular polysaccharides of groups A and C Neisseria meningitidis and Haemophilus influenzae type b were determined by radioimmunoassay in acute- and convalescent-phase sera of 377 patients with meningitis, septicemia, or epiglottitis. Diagnostic criteria, based on a fourfold or greater rise in antibody level and/or a high specific antibody level, correctly identified 85% of group A meningococcal diseases, 90% of group C meningococcal diseases, and 78% of H. influenzae type b diseases in children older than but only 15% in infants younger than 1.5 years of age. When levels of antibody in acute-phase sera were high, they were predominantly of the IgA class. A greater than fourfold rise in levels of antibodies to group A meningococcus was seen in 10%-32% of persons with disease caused by other bacteria, but minimal false-positive reactions occurred with group C meningococcus or H. influenzae type b. PMID- 6783702 TI - Tumor cell destruction by cytotoxic T lymphocytes: the basis of reduced antitumor cell activity in syngeneic hosts. AB - Tumor overgrowth in spite of an ongoing antitumor immune response may be due to a basic immunologic defect in T cell-mediated responses against the potentially immunogenic tumor cells. To further understand T cell-mediated responses in syngeneic tumor-host systems, we have analyzed the interaction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) with syngeneic tumor cells and have compared it with CTL allogeneic tumor cell interaction. The major conclusions of this study are: 1) Syngeneic and allogeneic CTL lyse target cells through a similar mechanism. 2) The reduced reactivity in the syngeneic system is due to the low content of effector cells capable of binding to and killing tumor cells. 3) The avidity of CTL-syngeneic tumor cell binding is lower than CTL-allogeneic tumor cell binding. We suggest that the latter 2 observations result from a low immunogenicity of tumor cells in the syngeneic host. PMID- 6783704 TI - Mitogenicity and pathogenicity of Mycoplasma pulmonis in rats. I. Atypical interstitial pneumonia induced by mitogenic myeoplasmal membranes. AB - Mitogenic preparations of nonviable lysed cells and purified membranes of Mycoplasma pulmonis induced interstitial pneumonia and tracheitis after intranasal administration to pathogen-free rats. The pneumonia, characterized by peribronchial, perivascular, and alveolar wall infiltration by lymphocytes, was indistinguishable from that produced by viable M. pulmonis. Both pathologic and mitogenic effects were significanlty reduced by prior treatment of membranes with heat or proteolytic enzyme. Intranasal administration of the thymus-derived-cell mitogen, concanavalin A, produced interstitial pneumonia but not tracheitis. These results indicate a correlation of mitogenicity and pathogenicity and suggest that activation of thymus-derived lymphocytes is the major cause of the pneumonia resulting from infections with M. pulmonis. PMID- 6783705 TI - A mouse model for the study of gonococcal genital infection. AB - Intravaginal inoculation of approximately 10(6) piliated gonococci into female mice at different stages of the estrous cycle without any antibiotic pretreatment resulted in gonococcal endometritis. The percentage of mice with positive cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae one week after challenge was at least 80%, regardless of at which estrous stage the mice were inoculated. Recovery of gonococci from the uterus continued for more than one month, and the recovery rate appeared to depend on the estrous stage at inoculation. Serum levels of antibodies to crude outer membrane complex began rising one week after inoculation with gonococci and reached a maximum three week after challenge. This animal model is proposed for the study of gonococcal genital infection. PMID- 6783706 TI - Evolution of a plasmid mediating resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents during a prolonged epidemic of nosocomial infections. AB - At the Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, resistance to gentamicin was encountered with increasing frequency among several species of gram-negative bacilli between 1973 and 1977. Representative strains were screened for plasmid DNA content using agarose gel electrophoresis. In strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serrati marcescens isolated early in the outbreak, gentamicin resistance was mediated by a common 9.8-megadalton nonconjugative plasmid. Either an 80- or a 100-megadalton transferable plasmid coexisted with the nonconjugative plasmid in the isolates of Serratia. Transposition between the 100- and 9.8-megadalton plasmids in this species resulted in the formation of a 105-megadalton conjugative plasmid that mediated gentamicin resistance; this was observed in strains of Serratia and Klebsiella isolated in 1976-1977. Thus, during this five-year investigation separate outbreaks of nosocomial infections that were caused by different bacterial species were shown to be related by the presence of plasmids that contained a common transposable DNA sequence. PMID- 6783707 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis after experimental transmission of malaria by inoculation of blood. AB - In a 1969 prisoner volunteer study of malaria transmission by blood inoculation, six persons were subinoculated sequentially, and acute hepatitis occurred in the last four (sequential study). Subsequently, another 15 volunteers receiving malaria-rich blood from 14 different donors were followed prospectively (prospective study), and hepatitis developed in six. Incubation periods were shorter but serum transaminase levels were higher for the cases of hepatitis occurring in the sequential study than in the prospective study. Although the illnesses were clinically mild, elevations in transaminase levels persisted for more than six months in five and fluctuating transaminase activities were observed in nine of the 10 affected persons. In addition, an 11th prisoner developed sporadic hepatitis. Neither known human hepatitis viruses nor malaria could be implicated in these cases, which were classified as non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis. The data suggested that the viremia of short-incubation NANB hepatitis may begin within the first week after inoculation, confirmed that NANB hepatitis may be transmitted either percutaneously or nonpercutaneously, and provided further evidence that there is more than one NANB agent. PMID- 6783708 TI - Persistent non-A, non-B hepatitis in experimentally infected chimpanzees. AB - Non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis was transmitted to six chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation of antihemophilic (factor VIII) materials, acute-phase chimpanzee liver, and chronic-phase plasma obtained from two NANB hepatitis-infected chimpanzees 10 and 16 months, respectively, after their inoculation. Five of six experimentally infected chimpanzees observed for more than one year demonstrated persistent or intermittent elevations in levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) indicative of continuing liver dysfunction. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from three chimpanzees with persistent elevations in levels of ALT were positive for hepatocyte cytoplasmic structures associated with NANB hepatitis for as long as 27 months after inoculation. Liver biopsy specimens obtained from four infected animals 13-30 months after inoculation also showed mild but persistent histopathologic lesions of undefined character. The detection of circulating immune complexes in one chimpanzee with persistent elevations in levels of ALT suggests that these complexes may be involved in the pathogenesis of NANB hepatitis. PMID- 6783709 TI - [Dopamine and nitroglycerin combination therapy in low output syndrome after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783710 TI - Brucella abortus septicemia: a case of abattoir-associated disease. PMID- 6783711 TI - A lysine-absorbable plasminogen activator is elevated in conditions associated with increased fibrinolytic activity. AB - A plasminogen activator, or class of activators, that absorbs to lysine-agarose is present in human plasma. We have developed a quantitative assay for this plasminogen activator. The assay involves removal of the activator from plasma with lysine-agarose affinity columns and subsequent measurement of the activity by the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin on standardized fibrin agar plates. Using this assay, we investigated three physiologic conditions that have in the past been associated with increased fibrinolytic activity to determine whether elevation of the LAPA was involved. Normal individuals undergoing strenuous physical exercise and others subjected to venous occlusion as well as patients with cirrhosis of the liver were examined. Treadmill exercise to maximal exertion produced up to 15-fold increases in the level of LAPA; venous occlusion produced similar elevation. Certain individuals did not show increase fibrinolytic activity in response to exercise or venous occlusion, as indicated by unchanged euglobulin lysis times. These fibrinolytic hyporesponders did not show an elevation of their LAPA levels. In the third group examined, patients with cirrhosis, 24 of 62 had elevated levels of LAPA. Supplementation of plasma from normal individuals with this plasminogen activator from exercised individuals and cirrhotics resulted in increased rates of clot lysis. PMID- 6783713 TI - A genetic defect of granulocyte oxidative metabolism in a man with disseminated aspergillosis. AB - A 26-year-old man presented with progressive pneumonia, and Aspergillus was grown from cultures of lung, cutaneous nodules, and urine. His PMNs had a poor CL response after exposure to phagocytic stimuli (S. aureus, latex, aggregated IgG and IgG-coated latex) (p less than 0.01 vs. controls) and soluble stimuli (PMA, sodium fluoride, and Con A) (p less than 0.05). His PMNs failed to reduce NBT, oxidize 14C-1 glucose (p less than 0.001), or iodinate proteins (p less than 0.001), normally, compared with controls, and his PMNs killed Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus abnormally (p less than 0.05). The patient was anergic; his plasma inhibited responsiveness of his lymphocytes to stimulation with Aspergillus and Candida antigens. His lymphocytes failed to produce the lymphokine LMIF normally. The patient's 10-month-old daughter was demonstrated to have the same defects of PMN metabolism and function. The findings in this patient were similar to those in CGd, but transmission of the defect from father to daughter and the presence of lymphocyte abnormalities make this diagnosis unlikely. Inhalation of Aspergillus by patients with defective PMN oxidative metabolism may be associated with development of significant infection. PMID- 6783712 TI - Inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation prevent fibrinogen binding to rabbit platelets and cause rapid deaggregation and dissociation of bound fibrinogen. AB - 125I-fibrinogen binds to washed rabbit platelets when they ar stimulated wit ADP, and it has previously been observed that fibrinogen binding is prevented by several inhibitors of ADP-induced aggregation. We have now shown that other inhibitors of aggregation, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors caffeine and dipyridamole, and colchicine and cytochalasin B which affect the platelet cytoskeleton, also inhibit specific 125I-fibrinogen binding. A positive correlation was observed between ADP-induced aggregation and fibrinogen binding at limiting concentrations of these inhibitors. Colchicine and cytochalasin B appear to act independently, with no indication of synergism. When any of these inhibitors, as well as those previously tested (EDTA, EGTA, PGE1 and PGI2) was added to platelets that had already been stimulated with ADP and undergone considerable aggregation and fibrinogen binding, it caused rapid deaggregation of the platelets and dissociation of bound fibrinogen, although in some cases the inhibitory effects were not as pronounced as when the inhibitor was added before ADP stimulation. These observations reinforce the concept that fibrinogen plays an essential role in the formation of ADP-induced platelet aggregates. PMID- 6783714 TI - Effects of cell size and animal age on glucose metabolism in pig adipose tissue. AB - Adipose tissue slices were prepared from middle subcutaneous or perirenal adipose tissue excised from pigs of different ages (and obesity) and incubated with [U 14C]glucose. After incubation, the slices were fixed with osmium tetroxide and separated into diameter ranges of 20--63, 63--102, and 102--153 microgram, respectively. Following determination of cell size and number, the fixed adipocytes were decolorized with H2O2 prior to quantification of glucose conversion to total lipid, glyceride fatty acids, glycerideglycerol, and CO2. Glucose conversion to total lipid or CO2 was unaffected by the presence of purified porcine insulin (0, 10, 100, 1000, and 100,000 microM/ml). Within animals, adipocytes of different sizes were not different with regard to insulin sensitivity. Within a weight (age) group, conversion of glucose to total lipid (insulin present) or to glyceride fatty acids and glyceride-glycerol (insulin absent) per cell was significantly greater in large adipocytes compared to small adipocytes, regardless of the group examined. With increasing weight or age, there was a markedly decreased conversion of glucose to total lipid and glyceride fatty acids among adipocytes of similar size within a cell-size fraction. The diminution in glucose metabolism was greater (as a percentage) in 20--63 microgram adipocytes than for 63--102 or 102--153 microgram adipocytes. However, for all cell-size fractions there was a marked decrease in glucose conversion to fatty acids. Glyceride-glycerol synthesis was impaired in adipocytes from older pigs, but the decrease was less than observed for glyceride fatty acid synthesis. PMID- 6783715 TI - Changes in follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, oestradiol and progesterone concentrations in the sera of anovulatory androgenized female and castrated male parabiotic rats of the Fischer-344 strain. AB - The serum concentrations of FSH, LH and prolactin, as well as oestradiol and progesterone, were measured by immunoassays at various intervals up to 35 weeks after parabiotic union of an anovulatory androgenized female and a castrated male rat of the Fischer-344 strain. Modest increases in FSH (28%) and larger increases in LH (128%), compared to levels found in single adult animals, produced large increases in follicular growth, ovarian weight and oestrogen production in the female partners; thecal and interstitial elements of the ovaries were not heavily stimulated. Prolactin concentrations in the sera increased to exceedingly high levels and massive pituitary tumours were produced in all of the female partners. Development of cystic follicles with loss of granulosa-cell layers and the formation of early stages of granulosa-cell tumours progressed with time in union. Serum LH levels were as high in parabiotic as in single castrated male rats within 2 weeks, but concentrations of FSH remained much below those of the single animals until 27 weeks after castration. The results are consistent with the view that the ovaries of androgenized female rats of the Fischer strain produce some factor which prevents the post-castration rise in FSH of parabiotic male partners. PMID- 6783716 TI - Agonist and antagonist activity of en-clomiphene upon oestrogen-mediated events in the uterus, pituitary gland and brain of the rat. AB - The oestrogen agonist and antagonist activity of a single dose of en-clomiphene (0.5--50 mg/kg) was studied in peripheral and brain tissue in the 3 week ovariectomized rat. 17 beta-Oestradiol benzoate (100 microgram/kg) or vehicle was injected 24 h after en-clomiphene administration and data collected at 72 h. En clomiphene produced a dose-related (agonist) fall in body weight and food intake. Agonist action was not observed upon sexual receptivity and prolactin secretion; oestrogen antagonism of these parameters was only seen at the higher doses. The effects of en-clomiphene upon serum LH and FSH were complex, both agonist and antagonist activity being demonstrated in the absence and presence of oestrogen. En-clomiphene was uterotrophic at all doses tested; however, oestrogen antagonism was only seen at the higher doses. Inhibition of the accumulation of uterine luminal fluid at the higher doses of en-clomiphene was a sensitive index of oestrogen antagonism. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies of the effects of en-clomiphene on oestrogen receptors. With the exception of the antagonism of oestrogen-induced sexual receptivity no correlation could be made between biological activity and the status of oestrogen receptors in tissue. PMID- 6783717 TI - Gonadotrophin release in vitro, in the presence and absence of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, by pituitary glands from ovariectomized and sham operated immature female rats of various ages. AB - Hemipituitary glands of immature female rats, aged 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 days and either ovariectomized or sham-operated 5 days earlier, were incubated for 2 h in vitro with or without LH releasing hormone. Concentrations of LH and FSH were determined at the end of the incubations in the incubation media and in the hemipituitary glands, and also in the sera collected at the beginning of the incubation experiments. Results showed that in many instances gonadotrophin release was higher after incubation of glands of ovariectomized rats than with glands of control animals. However, these effects of ovariectomy were much smaller than those observed in vivo and were generally absent in rats of less than 20 days of age. It was concluded that ovariectomy may change the secretory characteristics of the gonadotrophic cells of immature rats but that such changes were largely restricted to immature rats older than 20 days. PMID- 6783718 TI - Time-related effects of en-clomiphene upon central and peripheral oestrogen target tissues and cytoplasmic receptors. AB - The temporal effects of the oestrogen antagonist en-clomiphene were studied in the 3 week ovariectomized rat for up to 24 days after a single dose of 0.5 or 50 mg/kg. Cytosol binding of [3H]oestradiol was measured in central and peripheral target tissues. One day after treatment both doses of en-clomiphene decreased binding of [3H]oestradiol to similar levels within tissues. In brain cytosols binding of [3H]oestradiol returned to expected control values by 16 days with the exception of the hypothalamic cytosol after treatment with 50 mg/kg which, paradoxically, achieved control levels by 8 days. However, a single-point saturation assay was inadequate for the measurement of high-affinity oestrogen receptors in brain tissue. Uterine binding of [3H]oestradiol returned to control levels by 2 and 16 days after treatment with 0.5 and 50 mg/kg respectively. Replenishment of [3H]oestradiol binding was slower in pituitary cytosol and was achieved by 8 and 24 days after treatment with 0.5 and 50 mg/kg respectively. En clomiphene was uterotrophic; the maximal increase was at 4 days and 1 day after 0.5 and 50 mg/kg and was sustained, albeit at a lower level, for 4 and 8 days respectively. En-clomiphene at 50 mg/kg increased total uterine DNA 2 days after treatment. Small dose-related sustained increases in weight of uterine luminal fluid were also observed. En-clomiphene had no effect upon serum FSH. Serum LH was decreased only on day 8 after treatment. Serum prolactin was increased to a similar level by both doses of en-clomiphene; however, the maximum was achieved 2 and 16 days after treatment with 0.5 and 50 mg/kg respectively. Rats were tested for sexual receptivity after 50 mg/kg en-clomiphene and increases were detected between 7 and 9 days of treatment. Progesterone facilitated this effect only on days 8 and 9. En-clomiphene produced dose-related falls in food intake and body weight, the latter remaining below the weights of control rats throughout the period studied. It is apparent that the temporal effects of en-clomiphene upon cytoplasmic [3H]oestradiol binding are diverse, replenishment of binding being dependent upon the dose and the tissue examined. In addition, the changes in biological activity as measured by uterine and neuroendocrine effects also appear temporally unrelated to each other and to the binding of [3H]oestradiol. Thus further studies are necessary to elucidate possible differences in tissue oestrogen receptor mechanisms and the mode of action of the oestrogen antagonists. PMID- 6783719 TI - Ultrastructure and immunocytochemistry of the pars distalis of the female rat when grafted under the kidney capsule and a parallel study of the plasma levels of prolactin. AB - Two hypophysial partes distales were grafted under the kidney capsule of intact female rats. The plasma prolactin levels 15, 45 and 90 days after the operation were determined. At the same postoperative intervals the grafted glands of some of the operated rats were processed for conventional light and electron microscopy and for the demonstration of prolactin, FSH and LH according to the unlabelled immunoperoxidase procedure. The ultrastructural characteristics of the transplanted secretory cells and the amount and distribution of the immunoreactive material within their cytoplasm were used to evaluate approximately the secretory activity of these cells. Although levels of prolactin in the three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in control rats, a decrease in prolactin level was detected in 71% of the samples taken 45 days after operation. At day 15 the graft was completely surrounded by lymphoid cells whereas at day 45 these cells had invaded the whole graft. In the group sampled at day 90 the graft was free of lymphoid cells. When traced immunocytochemically the three types of cells followed different patterns of evolution after transplantation. Most prolactotrophs were hypertrophied in all groups but, in addition, they underwent a process leading to hyperplasia some time between days 45 and 90 after operation. Syncytial formations which probably correspond to multinucleated prolactotrophs were present only in the group sampled at day 90. The number of LH and FSH cells had decreased in the group at day 45 and by day 90 the former remained scarce but immunoreactive FSH cells were no longer found. At the ultrastructural level clear signs of involution of gonadotrophs and degradation by macrophages were seen in the graft 45 days after operation. The relation between the morphology and hormone content of the graft and hormone content of the plasma is discussed, together with several questions raised by the results. Pituitary transplantation can be used as an experimental model only if the time-dependent changes described here are taken into account. PMID- 6783720 TI - Effect of anaesthesia on the negative feedback action of gonadal steroids on gonadotrophin secretion in the ovariectomized guinea-pig. AB - The effects of urethane or sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the feedback effects of oestradiol or progesterone on gonadotrophin secretion in the ovariectomized guinea-pig have been investigated. In the control experiments in which no steroids or vehicles were given the concentration of LH and FSH in samples of peripheral blood collected at intervals of 15 min varied in a random episodic manner. The mean level of LH was significantly greater in sodium pentobarbitone- and urethane-anaesthetized animals when compared with conscious animals, and in the conscious animals there was a progressive fall in mean LH level during the course of serial sampling. This effect was not observed in anaesthetized animals. Oestradiol benzoate (2 microgram s.c.) inhibited LH secretion in conscious animals and in those anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone, but not in urethane-anaesthetized guinea-pigs. Progesterone (200 microgram s.c.) progressively depressed plasma LH levels in conscious and urethane-anaesthetized animals, but not in guinea-pigs anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. The effect of anaesthesia was the converse of that observed with oestradiol treatment. Significant changes in FSH secretion were not observed under any experimental conditions. These findings point to the existence of a mechanism in spayed guinea-pigs that restrains LH secretion, the action of which is reduced by anaesthesia and modified by oestradiol and progesterone. PMID- 6783721 TI - Hormonal control of the gonadal regression and recovery observed in short days in male and female doves. AB - Sexually mature ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) maintained from hatch on a photoperiod of 14 h light : 10 h darkness (14L : 10D) and kept in isolation were transferred to 8L : 16D. This treatment resulted in a partial regression of the ovaries and testes and a fall in the concentration of plasma LH but not of plasma FSH. After 2--3 months exposure to 8L : 16D, the gonads regrew to their original size: this regrowth was accompanied by a parallel increase in the concentration of plasma LH. The responsiveness of the pituitary gland to LH releasing hormone in both sexes after 5 weeks of exposure to 8L : 16D (when the gonads were partially regressed) was similar to the response observed after 15 weeks exposure to this lighting schedule (when the gonads had regrown). It was concluded that the spontaneous recovery of gonadal size in ring doves exposed to 8L : 16D is controlled by the hypothalamus and does not involve changes in the functional capacity of the pituitary gland or of the gonads. PMID- 6783722 TI - Role of progesterone in the control of secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in the immature female rat. AB - The inhibitory action of FSH secretion of combined oestradiol and progesterone treatment of ovariectomized, immature rat was studied at various ages. At all ages studied (13-35 days) as additional inhibitory action of progesterone, if combined with oestradiol, could be found as compared with the effect of oestradiol alone. Until 20 days of age, the rise in serum FSH concentration as measured 2 days after ovariectomy could be completely prevented by administration of 0.05 microgram oestradiol/100 g body weight or by administration of a lower dose of oestradiol (0.01-0.025 microgram) combined with progesterone (0.5-1.5 mg/100 g body weight). After 20 days neither oestradiol nor the combined oestradiol/progesterone treatment resulted in an FSH concentration similar to that found in intact rats. However, the lowest FSH concentrations were reached by using combinations of oestradiol and progesterone. Using progesterone alone, FSH concentration in ovariectomized rats was significantly reduced between 18 and 30 days of age, but not before or after this period. Taken together with data on uterine weight and serum concentrations of progesterone, these findings suggest that (1) both oestradiol and progesterone exert an age-dependent role in regulating FSH secretion in the immature female rat, and (2) amounts of oestradiol and progesterone capable of maintaining, in ovariectomized rats, uterine weights not different from those in intact rats will maintain near physiological concentrations of FSH before but not after day 20. Thus, ovarian factors other than oestradiol and progesterone must be involved in the regulation of FSH secretion in the female after 20 days of age. PMID- 6783723 TI - Development of a periapical infection in the presence of antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6783724 TI - The effect of dilution and organic matter on the anti-bacterial property of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite. PMID- 6783725 TI - Effect of sulfur dioxide on the morphology and mucin biosynthesis by the rat trachea. AB - Specific-pathogen-free rats were exposed to 400 ppm sulfur dioxide daily for up to 7 weeks. At intervals during exposure, tracheas were removed and incubated in vitro in culture medium containing radioactive glycoprotein precursors. The most prominent histological changes due to SO2 were progressive hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the submucosal mucous glands accompanied by a flattening of the epithelium with eventual recovery. Uptake of radioactive precursors into a highly purified mucin fraction correlated with these histological changes in the submucosal mucous glands, increasing progressively up to 4 times that of control. Uptake of precursors into specific mucins purified by DEAE-Sephacel showed that uptake into the 0.2 and 0.3 M NaCl fractions was stimulated several fold by SO2, and uptake into more highly acidic fractions, which was nearly absent in the control, was also greatly increased. Two weeks following the last exposure of the tracheas to SO2, their morphological and mucus-secreting properties showed signs of returning to that of the control. PMID- 6783726 TI - Null effect of dietary Aroclor 1254 on hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exposed to aflatoxin B1 as embryos. AB - Four lots of 200 rainbow trout embryos were exposed to 200 ml solutions of aqueous 0.5 ppm aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 1 hr, and 4 lots of 200 rainbow trout embryos were sham-treated for 1 hr. After hatching and swimup, 100 fry from each group were selected for a feeding trial. Two groups of AFB1-treated and 2 groups of sham-treated fry were fed a control diet, while corresponding groups of AFB1 treated and sham-treated fry were fed the control diet plus 100 ppm Aroclor 1254 for 1 year. Samples were taken at 9 and 12 mon to monitor tumor incidence, Aroclor 1254 accumulation and histopathology. At the end of 12 mon, the liver cancer incidences in the combined AFB1-treated, control diet groups and the AFB1 treated, Aroclor 1254 diet groups were essentially the same. 65.8% and 63.9%, respectively. One trout in the sham-control, Aroclor 1254 diet group had a single liver cancer, but the sham-control, control diet group had none. The Aroclor 1254 fed groups had significantly higher liver to body weight ratios at 12 noon but not at 9 mon. Levels of accumulated Aroclor 1254 were similar to those reported previously, approximately 75 ppm on a whole fish basis at 12 mon. Glycogen depletion of hepatocytes and splenic hyperemia were the only tissue changes induced by Aroclor 1254. PMID- 6783727 TI - Changes in the oxidative metabolism during maturation of amphibian oocytes. AB - Some aspects of oxidative metabolism during cytoplasmic maturation of the Bufo arenarum oocyte have been studied. During the autumn-winter period (immature oocyte), carbohydrates are degraded through the glycolytic pathway, followed by the classical tricarboxylic acid cycle. During the spring--summer period (mature oocyte), carbohydrates are mainly used through the pentose phosphate cycle, while the tricarboxylic acid cycle operates as the glutamic-aspartic cycle. The oxidative phosphorylation of ADP does not seem to change during oocyte maturation. Although maturation does not alter the absolute values of ATP and citrate in the oocyte, it determines their different compartmentalization, which, through phosphofructokinase, in turn regulates the glycolytic activity of the oocyte. Oxygen uptake decreases by about 40% during maturation, while simultaneously, a marked increment in respiratory stimulation by 2,4 dinitrophenol is observed. PMID- 6783728 TI - Analysis of the effects of encystment and excystment on incomplete doublets of Oxytricha fallax. AB - Singlet cells of Oxytricha fallax possessing supernumerary rows of dorsally located marginal cirri were encysted, excysted, and observed for retention of the supernumerary rows. Without exception, cells lost the supernumerary rows as a result of cystment processes. (Encystment previously has been shown to result in the total resorption of ciliature.) In contrast, supernumerary dorsally located marginal cirral rows develop true-to-type during prefission morphogenesis and thus are inherited from cell to cell. These (and other) observations suggest that at least two levels of cytotactic control of cell patterning are operative on the ciliate cortex; one is dependent upon visible ciliature whereas the other is dependent upon an as yet ultrastructurally unidentifiable molecular architecture. PMID- 6783729 TI - Ultrastructural aspect of size dependent regulation of surface pattern of complex ciliary organelle in a protozoan ciliate. AB - A regulation is shown for size and number of the elements of complex ciliary structures forming the oral apparatus (OA) of a ciliate Paraurostyla weissei. Morphometric investigations were performed on oral ciliature of normal and size reduced cells. Those constituents of the OA which exist as single structures, such as the inner and outer preoral membranelles, are not eliminated. Both shorten and the outer membranelle becomes narrower. Within the adornal zone of membranelles in size-reduced cells some frontal and ventral membranelles become eliminated, whereas the respective ratio of these types remain size invariant. In each individual adoral zone of membranelles there are membranelles of different length specifically located along the ventral part. Membranelles from small cells are significantly smaller than those of normal cells. The number of kinetosomes is reduced in all four rows constructing an adoral membranelle. The analysis showed that regardless of cell size, the number of kinetosomes in the two inner rows of a membranelle is linearly and proportionately related. Regulation of the size of all components of the oral ciliature in P. weissei occurs at the time when the primordia of oral ciliature are formed. The results are discussed in relation to recent ideas about pattern formation and size dependent regulation of the number and size of pattern elements. PMID- 6783730 TI - Reconstruction of esophageal defects with microsurgically revascularized jejunal segments: a report of 13 cases. AB - Experimental free transfer of a jejunal segment to a recipient bed in the neck was successfully performed in 5 mongrel dogs. This was followed by clinical application of 2 different microvascular procedures in 13 patients for repair of esophageal defects. In 7 of these patients a free jejunal transfer was used; in 6 of these patients a pedicled jejunal graft with revascularization of its distal end by microvascular anastomosis was used. The esophageal defects were located in the cervical portion in 7 cases, the cervicothoracic portion in 5 cases, and the thoracic portion in 1 case. Ten (77%) of the 13 procedures were successful. PMID- 6783731 TI - Rapid and sensitive immunochemical determination of immunoglobulins by centrifugal analysis. AB - The measurement of immunoglobulin concentrations in serum by a turbidimetric method using a centrifugal analyser (Cobas Bio) is described. In the procedure described it is possible to measure the absorbance of each sample in the buffer reagent in a preliminary run without antiserum (sample blank for correction of colour, turbidity, etc.) In the main run (after adding antiserum) a final measurement is made after 600 seconds reaction time and the difference between the final absorbance and the sample blank is corrected for the absorbance of the antiserum determined in the antiserum blank cuvet. The initial phase of the reaction can thus be taken into account so that high titre antisera can be used. Therefore the method covers a wide range of values with good precision. PMID- 6783732 TI - Specific quantitation by HPLC of protein (lysine) bound glucose in human serum albumin and other glycosylated proteins. AB - A specific and sensitive method for quantification of the fructose-lysine linkages present in non-enzymatically glycosylated albumin and other proteins is described. Protein is hydrolyzed for 18 h in 6 mol/l HCl at 95 degrees C to yield furosine (epsilon-N-(2-furoylmethyl)-L-lysine) known as a specific degradation product of fructose-lysine. Furosine is then separated on HPLC and quantified by its UV-absorbance against a prepared fructose-lysine standard. The method has been successfully used for the determination of glycosyl-albumin in diabetic patients starting from 100 microliter serum or less, as well as for various other proteins. Unlike the usually employed thiobarbituric acid assay the present procedure is truly specific for the detection of ketoamine linkages of glycosylated proteins. PMID- 6783733 TI - Two erythromycin-resistance plasmids of diverse origin and their effect on sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A Bacillus subtilis plasmid capable of producing phenotypic erythromycin resistance was compared with an Eryr staphylococcal plasmid. The two plasmids did not interfere with the sporulation process in B. subtilis, in contrast to chromosomal erythromycin mutations. PMID- 6783734 TI - Patterns of cell polarity and chromosome segregation in chains of sporulating Bacillus megaterium. AB - The asymmetry of the DNA duplex due to polynucleotide strand complementarity could be the molecular basis of cell polarity in spore-forming bacteria. To test this possibility, the relationship of DNA strand segregation to the spore location pattern in chains of sporangia was investigated in Bacillus megaterium. Spores containing one chromosomes labelled in one of the complementary strands were formed from cells that had been allowed to segregate pulse-labelled chromosomes in minimal medium at 30 degree C. A second crop of spores was then formed from cells originating from the labelled spore population. The second generation spores inherited labelled strands from the first sporepopulation by random segregation. In contrast, the patterns of spore positions in sporangial chains were non-random. Furthermore, the non-randomness of patterning was stable and was unaffected by growth temperature (15 to 37 degrees C) or by enrichment of the minimal medium used in the segregation experiments. Since the pattern of DNA strand segregation is random and the spore location pattern in chains of sporangia is non-random, the asymmetry of the DNA duplex cannot be the determinant of cell polarity. PMID- 6783735 TI - Binding of terbium (III) to yeast enolase. AB - Several independent criteria indicate 2 mol of terbium (III) bind to yeast enolase in the absence of substrate-fluorescence titrations of enzyme and metal, effects on thermal stability and published ultrafiltration and inhibition experiments. These measurements also suggest the terbium binding sites are the same as those normally occupied by "conformational" magnesium. Terbium binds much more strongly than magnesium, however, and measurements of the kinetics of the absorbance change in the terbium-enzyme on adding excess EDTA suggest the terbium enzyme dissociation constant is about 1/500 that of the magnesium-enzyme. Measurements of enzyme activity as a function of substrate concentration show that terbium permits no enzymatic activity. However, magnesium competes more effectively with the lanthanide if the substrate analogue 3-aminoenolpyruvate 2 phosphate (AEP) is present. The fluorescence of the lanthanide is not readily observed on exciting the terbium-enzyme at 280 nm, indicating the absence of tyrosines or tryptophans in the coordination sphere of the metal. Excitation of terbium using 488 nm radiation from an argon ion laser shows the fluorescence of the metal is enhanced by binding to the enzyme. EDTA and carbonate have similar effects. This suggests carboxyl groups are involved in binding metal at the conformational sites of yeast enolase. Measurements of lifetimes of enzyme-bound terbium in the presence and absence of D2O indicated three moles of water remained on each of the bound metals, independently of the buffer used. If enzyme bound terbium is assumed to be nine-coordinate, the metal must bind to six groups from the enzyme. The presence of substrate does not markedly affect the emission spectrum of the bound terbium or the number of water molecules remaining on the metal, but calorimetric measurements show that substrate binds to the terbium enzyme. PMID- 6783736 TI - Dynamics of changes in the acid-base equilibrium of arterial blood and the cerebrospinal fluid in conditions of natural hyperventilation and apnoea. AB - From investigations on 252 patients the dynamics of changes in the acid-base equilibrium of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and arterial blood were assessed, in conditions of natural changes in breathing rhythm. Gasometric examinations were made several times during natural hyperventilation lasting 4, 5 or 6 min, depending on the examined group, and after apnoea lasting 30 s. The results indicate a specific autonomy of the CSF with respect to the blood, relating to such indices as pH, pCO2 and pO2, in conditions of natural changes in breathing rhythm. This is manifested to varying degrees by differentiation in time of occurrence, depth and direction of changes in the acid-base equilibrium indices in the CSF, relative to the corresponding indices in the blood. On this basis a number of groups were distinguished from among the patients investigated, in whom the clinical state appeared to correlate, to a certain degree, with the degree and direction of changes in the CSF. It is postulated that his specific autonomy of the CSF may be due to the action of regulatory mechanisms at the level of the nerve tissue. PMID- 6783737 TI - Brain glycosidases in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AB - Several glycosidase activities were measured in frontal gray matter of 4 brains from subjects affected by Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The changes of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, N-acetyl-beta-galactosaminidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha fucosidase and alpha-mannosidase were not statistically significant but significant increases of beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase activities were found. These results are in accordance with several reports on brain glycosidases in scrapie and Semliki Forest virus-infected brain and could explain some changes in brain glycoconjugate content previously observed in human and experimental Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 6783738 TI - Spinal autonomic neurons in Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, mannosidosis, and Hurler's syndrome: distribution of autonomic neurons in the sacral spinal cord. AB - In Werdnig-Hoffman disease, mannosidosis, and Hurler's syndrome, two groups of neurons (the Onuf's and intermediomedial nuclei) in the ventral horn of the mid sacral region are found to share common selective sparing or vulnerability with the intermediolateral nuclei of the thoracolumbar and sacral regions of the spinal cord. This finding confirms the previous observations on the characteristic involvement or sparing in Fabry's disease (14), Shy-Drager syndrome (17), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, anterior poliomyelitis, and neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease (15), and supports the assumption that the Onuf's and intermediomedial nuclei in the ventral horn represent autonomic neurons much as the thoracolumbar and sacral intermediolateral nuclei. PMID- 6783739 TI - Spinal and medullary lamina I projection to nucleus submedius in medial thalamus: a possible pain center. AB - 1. Results obtained with the anterograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and autoradiographic techniques have revealed a dense and compact spinal and trigeminal projection to the dorsal portion of the nucleus submedius (Sm) in the medial thalamus of the cat. A homologous projection was observed in two cases in the monkey and in three cases in the rat with the anterograde HRP method. 2. The projection to Sm in topographically organized rostrocaudally, with trigeminal terminations located caudally and spinal terminations rostrally. The rostrocaudal extent of the trigeminal field in Sm (ca. 1 mm) is larger than that of the spinal field (ca. 0.8 mm). There is a considerable ipsilateral trigeminal projection, whereas there is a minimal uncrossed spinal projection to Sm. 3. Retrogradely labeled cells were analyzed in cases with small injections of HRP in medial thalamus in the cat. The results indicate that the projections to Sm identified in the anterograde experiments arise from lamina I cells of the spinal and medullary dorsal horm, probably exclusive of lamina V and other spinothalamic cells. The retrograde results corroborate the topographic observations made in the anterograde experiments. 4. These results suggest that Sm may be critically involved in specific nociception. PMID- 6783740 TI - Effect of fasting versus parenteral alimentation on the rat small intestine. PMID- 6783742 TI - [Postoperative headache in oto-rhino-laryngology: especially on after nasal operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783741 TI - Computers for oral surgery practice. PMID- 6783743 TI - Hyperbilirubinemia and urinary D-glucaric acid excretion in premature infants following antepartum dexamethasone treatment. AB - Dexamethasone (10 mg i.m.) administered to mothers 24 hours before delivery for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome caused a considerable elevation of the serum level of unconjugated bilirubin in premature infants throughout the first week of life. On days 3 to 4 the incidence of infants with bilirubin levels exceeding 256.56 micrometer/l (15 mg/100 ml) was found to increase (7/15 vs 2/17). The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, which reflects the activity of the hepatic microsomal enzyme systems, proved to be low in pre-term infants over the first 7 days of life, and it was not enhanced significantly by antenatal dexamethasone therapy. In the light of the results presented, more detailed clinical and experimental analysis of the effects of glucocorticoids on bilirubin metabolism of pre-term infants and investigation into the drug prophylaxis of steroid-induced hyperbilirubinaemia are suggested. PMID- 6783744 TI - The early consequences of myocardial ischaemia and their modification. AB - This paper attempts to review our studies on the early haemodynamic, metabolic and electrophysiological consequences of acute coronary artery ligation in an experimental model which allows the simultaneous assessment of blood flow and sampling of blood from both normal and acutely ischaemic zones of myocardium. 1. Using local coronary venous sampling, it has been observed that the major metabolic changes which occur in the ischaemic zone during the first 30 min after coronary artery ligation are increases in PCO2, decreases in pH and oxygen content, a shift in lactate handling from extraction to production and an efflux of K+. These changes were not observed in coronary sinus blood draining essentially nonischaemic zones of myocardium. 2. The major haemodynamic change produced by coronary artery ligation was cardiac depression (decreased stroke volume and cardiac work), unchanged LV dP/dt with an elevated filling pressure. 3. Acute ligation of the anterior descending branch of the left coronary artery, l.a.d., resulted in bursts of ventricular ectopic activity which was especially marked 10-20 min after ligation and which frequently resulted in ventricular fibrillation. The incidence of arrhythmias could be modified by the species of dog used, the anaesthetic employed, the arterial oxygen tension and the administration of several antiarrhythmic drugs. The possible relevance observed in the ischaemic myocardium, to the genesis of these arrhythmias is discussed. 4. The changes in the ST-segment of epicardial leads produced by short (3 min) occlusions of the l.a.d. were studied in mongrel dogs. Evidence is presented which suggests that the evolution of ST-segment elevation is linked to the efflux of K+ from ischaemic myocardial cells. PMID- 6783745 TI - Development and ultrastructure of first-generation meronts of Sarcocystis cruzi in calves fed sporocysts from coyote feces. AB - The development of Sarcocystis cruzi Hasselmann (syn. S. fusiformis Railliet) meronts was studied in seven 7- to 10-day-old calves filled 4, 7, 11, 15, 22, 25 and 28 days postinoculation (DPI) with 5 x 10(7) sporocysts from feces of coyotes. No meronts were found 4 and 7 DPI. Young and intermediate meronts with 1 16 nuclei were found in endothelial cells of arteries in mesenteric lymph nodes, but not in kidneys 11 DPI. Mature meronts were noted in endothelial cells of arteries, arterioles, or capillaries of many organs of calves killed 15 to 25 DPI. No first-generation meronts were found 28 DPI. By electron microscopy, all stages of the first-generation merogony were found free within the host cell cytoplasm and not within a parasitophorous vacuole. The appearance of intranuclear spindles preceded the formation of merozoites by endopolygeny. Mature meronts measured 41.0 x 17.5 (34-50 x 15-24) microgram, contained approximately 100-350 merozoites, and had 2 to 4 relatively small residual bodies, 2.8 microgram in diameter. Merozoites measured 6.3 x 1.5 (5.5-7 x 1 microgram) and contained most of the organelles characteristically found in coccidian merozoites. Micropores were observed in merozoites, but not in young and intermediate meronts. Merozoites were seen free in the lumen of blood vessels, in intracellular areas, and free within the host cell cytoplasm. PMID- 6783747 TI - Electron microprobe analysis of zinc incorporation into rumen protozoa. AB - With the aid of electron microprobe analysis on ciliate spreads, we detected zinc in ciliates and its accumulation in the endoplasm. A correlation was found between the amount of zinc accumulation and its concentration in the medium. By the same microprobe analysis of of ultrathin sections, we determined semiquantitatively the zinc accumulation in the intracytoplasmic granules and its presence in macronuclei and in intra- and extracellular bacteria. PMID- 6783746 TI - Antigens of subcellular fractions of Trypanosoma cruzi. III. Humoral immune response and histopathology of immunized mice. AB - The relation of humoral antibody response to protection was evaluated in mice immunized with whole homogenates of Trypanosoma cruzi or with its flagellar fraction by direct agglutination and indirect fluorescent antibody test as well as by lytic and neutralizing activity against blood trypomastigotes. The results indicated that lytic antibodies were not implicated directly in protection against these trypanosomes. It was evident from histopathologic examination that the higher the degree of protection achieved, the lower the tissue damage observed in the challenged mice. Serum-neutralizing activity was highest in the groups protected most effectively. PMID- 6783748 TI - Thymidylate synthetase as a chemotherapeutic target in the treatment of avian coccidiosis. PMID- 6783749 TI - A source of error in operative cholangiography. PMID- 6783750 TI - Immunology and the surgeon. PMID- 6783751 TI - Expression of retrovirus-related antigen in pregnancy. II. Cytotoxic and blocking specificities of immunoglobulins eluted from the placenta. AB - Immunoglobulins, mostly of the IgG class, were detected in eluates of the placenta of 75% of 50 healthy women in their first or second pregnancy, 92% of 30 women with more than two pregnancies, and 87% of 23 pre-eclamptic patients. The immunoglobulins were assayed for complement-dependent cytotoxicity on human and monkey cell-lines, as well as on the same cells chronically infected with either Mason-Pfizer Virus (M-P V) or Baboon Endogenous Virus (BeV). The frequency of cytotoxic reactions was very low, except with immunoglobulins from the pre eclamptic placentae, where one third of the samples lysed virus-infected cells with occasional killing of virus-free cells. All placental immunoglobulins which were not cytotoxic were then assayed for blocking activity by testing whether they could compete with the action of anticellular sera of virus-free cells, or with the toxic effect of antiviral sera on virus producing cells. 64% of the immunoglobulins from normal placentae competed with antiviral antibodies while only 17% blocked the action of anticellular sera. The frequency of blocking immunoglobulins was no greater in eluates from pre-eclamptic placentae. The data indicate that the placenta possesses retrovirus antigen sites which bind blocking antibodies in normal pregnancy and complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in pre-eclampsia. PMID- 6783752 TI - Immunofluorescence techniques for determining the numbers of inner and outer blastomeres in mouse morulae. AB - Methods are described for distinguishing inner and outer blastomeres of compact 8 to 32-cell mouse morulae. The first involves the selective labelling by immunofluorescent reagents of the exposed surface of the compact morula, disaggregation of the morula into single blastomeres and separation of these blastomeres into partially labelled (presumptive outer) and unlabeled (presumptive inner) populations. The second involves labelling blastomeres after disaggregation and is based on the recent observation that the sera on an isolated outer blastomere which originally contributed to the exposed surface of the intact morula labels more intensely than the remaining (non-exposed) surface of the blastomere. Analysis of the labelling patterns obtained from individual disaggregated morulae indicated that inner blastomeres were absent from compact 8 cell morulae, but increased in number throughout the next cleavage division until at the 16-cell stage the mean number of these blastomeres varied from 4.6 to 6.6 (with a range of 1--8) depending on the technique used. At later stages, the numbers of inner blastomeres can probably be accounted for by division of the inner cells at the 16-cell stage. PMID- 6783753 TI - Autoantibodies and protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6783754 TI - Inhibition of complement by gold sodium thiomalate. AB - The effect of gold sodium thiomalate on C3 and factor B activation by monosodium urate monohydrate (MSUM) and zymosan was studied using a quantitative immunoelectrophoretic assay for complement activation. C3 and factor B conversion by the classical pathway activator MSUM, was inhibited 50% and 100% by 3.2 x 10( 4)M and 10(-3)M gold sodium thiomalate, respectively. C3 and factor B conversion by the alternative pathway activator, zymosan, was much less susceptible to inhibition by gold. Gold at 10(-3)M, inhibited alternative pathway activation by only 30%. A 50% inhibition would have required 10(-2)M gold. There was no significant inhibition of complement activation through either pathway by less than 10(-4)M gold. Sodium thiomalate alone showed no inhibition. Studies using other crystals and immune complexes were confirmatory. Thus, there was no appreciable inhibition of the complement system at concentrations of gold attainable in the serum of patients receiving chrysotherapy. The in vivo significance of these findings is unknown. PMID- 6783755 TI - Energy metabolism of the brain in malnutrition. An experimental study in young rhesus monkeys. AB - An experimental model of protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) has been successfully produced in young rhesus monkeys. The model showed close resemblance to the energy kinetics of the brain as observed in human PCM inasmuch as oxygen consumption was decreased while glucose uptake was increased. The cerebral blood flow was also diminished. The observations suggest that a significant part of glucose is perhaps diverted to long-chain fatty acids, etc. PMID- 6783756 TI - Organic acidurias and amino acidurias in the aetiology of long-term mental handicap. AB - In order to evaluate the contribution of patients with organic aciduria and amino acidopathies to populations with severe long-term mental handicap, urine from a total of 1,778 such patients from four hospitals has been examined for organic acids and amino acids. The patients have been classified into eight groups according to the nature of their handicap. It is concluded that, apart from phenylketonuria originating from before dietary treatment was available, known inherited metabolic diseases do not contribute significantly to the incidence of mental handicap in the population studied. PMID- 6783757 TI - Calcification as a complication of hyperalimentation. PMID- 6783758 TI - The use of a simple method to avoid cell shrinkage during SEM preparation. AB - In the course of preparing specimens for scanning electron microscopy, both glutaraldehyde and OsO4-fixed cells exhibit a considerable shrinkage with a reduction of the mean cellular diameter of about 45% after critical point drying. However, if cells are successively treated with glutaraldehyde, OsO4, tannic acid and uranyl acetate solutions, cellular shrinkage of only 5% is observed. PMID- 6783759 TI - Recording of chromosome banding with the Vickers M85/M86 scanning microdensitometer. AB - An electronic interface is described which permits the Vickers M85/M86 microdensitometer to be used with a chart recorder to plot linear distance along a chromosome against (1) the absorbance, (2) the product of the chromosome width and the mean absorbance transverse to the long axis of the chromosome, or (3) the integrated absorbance accumulating during a two-dimensional scan of the specimen. PMID- 6783760 TI - Freeze-drying shrinkage of glutaraldehyde fixed liver. AB - Dimensional changes were recorded during the freeze drying (FD) of 1 mm cubes of glutaraldehyde (GA) fixed adult mouse liver. The areas of the front faces of these blocks was measured using a Quantimet 720 image analysing computer system. Interpolating the first straight line portion of the graphs of size versus time backwards to the origin allowed the determination of the original size even if the specimen was covered with some surface-water ice at the beginning of the experiment. GA fixed mouse liver shrinks 7.3% linearly during freeze drying. This gross shrinkage is not increased if the cold stage temperature is raised to approximately 263 K from approximately 223 K, but the rate of drying as monitored by the rate of shrinkage is greatly increased. If morphological specimens are to be prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), freeze drying can be completed rapidly after an initial period at approximately 223 K, since ice recrystallization leading to increased ice crystal artefact will occur in the deep layers which will not be visible in the SEM. Shrinkage of single cells followed during freeze drying in the SEM showed similar gross dimensional changes of about 7.5% linear shrinkage to occur at and below 198 K. PMID- 6783761 TI - Structures of product and inhibitor complexes of Streptomyces griseus protease A at 1.8 A resolution. A model for serine protease catalysis. PMID- 6783762 TI - Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in vertebrate nervous tissue. AB - The histochemical method of Hausler was employed to demonstrate carbonic anhydrase (CA, carbonate hydrolase, 4.2.1.1.) in tissue sections. The CA reaction was inhibited in the presence of 5 mM acetazolamide. In the frog and fish retinas the CA activity was positive in the Muller fiber, the laminated segment of the cones and the myelin of the axons, and was negative in the laminated segment of the rods, the photoreceptor ellipsoid and myoid, the horizontal, bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cells, and the pigment epithelium. In the spinal cord of cat and fish the CA activity was positive in the myelin of the axons, the perineuronal oligodendroglia and the protoplasmic astrocytes, and was negative in the cell body, dendrite, and axon of the neurons and in the fibrous astrocytes. In the dorsal root ganglion of the cat CA reaction was positive in the satellite cells and the myelin, and was negative in the neuronal cell body and its processes. The capillaries in central nervous tissue show no CA reaction. The erythrocyte is CA positive while the mitochondria are CA negative. PMID- 6783763 TI - Bacteremia: host-specific lung clearance and pulmonary failure. AB - Pulmonary effects, lung clearance, and tissue retention of blood-borne Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared in dogs (n = 5) and pigs (n = 5) during continuous 6-hour intravenous infusion of 1.2(10(9)) bacteria/min/20 kg. Control pigs received an equal volume of sterile saline. In contrast to controls, experimental pigs developed pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension (mean, 30 +/- SE 3; baseline, 17 mm Hg) and pulmonary failure manifested by hypoxemia (mean PaO2, 49 +/- 4; baseline, 78 +/- 2 mm Hg; p less than 0.001), increased intrapulmonary shunting (40 to 50%), noncardiogenic pulmonary edema, and congestive atelectasis, a pattern of pulmonary failure very similar to sepsis-induced ARDS in humans. In dogs, PA pressures wee unchanged from baseline, no edema was detected, and comparable hyperventilation was associated with an increase in PaO2 from 77 +/- 4 (baseline) to 87 +/- 2 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Tissue retention of viable blood-borne organisms in pigs was greatest in the lungs. In dogs, lung retention was minimal and greatest tissue retention occurred in the liver and spleen. We conclude that both lung clearance of blood-borne organisms and bacteremia-induced pulmonary failure are quite host dependent. PMID- 6783764 TI - National incomes and health: implications of some recent additions to the data. PMID- 6783765 TI - A study of the pattern of clinical protein energy malnutrition in Accra from 1970 to 1978. PMID- 6783766 TI - Translation of black beetle virus RNA and heterologous viral RNAs in cell-free lysates derived from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A cell-free protein synthesizing system was prepared from cells of Drosophila melanogaster line 1 and made mRNA dependent by treatment with micrococcal nuclease. The system was tested with homologous RNA from black beetle virus propagated in Drosophila cells, with Drosophila heat shock mRNA, and with various heterologous viral mRNA's. Under optimal conditions amino acid incorporation programmed with black beetle virus RNAs was 30-fold higher than endogenous incorporation. RNAs 1 and 2 primarily directed the synthesis of proteins with approximately molecular weights of 120,000 and 46,000, respectively. mRNA's, prepared by transcription from vesicular stomatitis virus or vaccinia virus, were translated efficiently and yielded products that comigrated with authentic viral proteins. Brome mosaic virus RNA and encephalomyocarditis virus RNA were translated poorly. The system retained full activity after freezing. PMID- 6783767 TI - Phi W-14 DNA inhibits transfection of Bacillus subtilis by SPP1 DNA. AB - The DNA of bacteriophage phi W-14 is unusual in that half of the thymine residues are replaced with the hypermodified pyrimidine alpha-putrescinylthymine (Kropinski et al., Biochemistry 12:151-157, 1973). Bacteriophage phi W-14 DNA and Bacillus subtilis DNA exhibited comparable competing abilities for the uptake of transfecting bacteriophage SPP1 DNA by competent cells of B. subtilis. B. subtilis DNA decreased transfection and uptake to the same extent, indicating that it merely competed with SPP1 DNA for uptake. Phi W-14 DNA, however, decreased transfection up to 30 times more effectively than it inhibited uptake. Phi W-14 DNA did not alter the kinetics of transfection. The degree of inhibition of transfection was dependent upon the time of addition of Phi W-14 DNA relative to the time of addition of SPP1 DNA. If failed to inhibit when added 30 min after SPP1 DNA. It had a fourfold-greater effect when added 10 min before, rather than simultaneously with, SPP1, but this enhancement was abolished by high concentrations of SPP1 DNA. The nature of the transfection process was not altered in those cells escaping inhibition by Phi W-14 DNA: two molecules of transfecting SPP1 DNA were required to form a transfectant with or without Phi W 14 DNA. Free putrescine did not affect transfection by SPP1 DNA. It was concluded that the putrescine groups covalently attached to phi W-14 DNA allowed this DNA to interfere with the transfection process at the intracellular level. PMID- 6783769 TI - Maturation of bacteriophage SPPI DNA: limited precision in the sizing of mature bacteriophage genomes. AB - Maturation of bacteriophage SPPI is imprecise. Although terminally redundant and circularly permuted molecules were always formed, individual molecules varied by more than 200 base pairs from each other. PMID- 6783770 TI - Aspergillosis of the urinary tract: ascending route of infection and evolving patterns of disease. AB - Aspergillosis limited to the urinary tract is a rare disease, seen most often in patients with altered immunity, especially diabetics. The disease has 3 patterns, 2 of which have been described previously. We report the first case documenting the ascending route of infection. Multiple urine cultures may be required for proper identification. Histopathology and culture of sloughed tissue and fungus balls shed per urethram are the essential means of reliable diagnosis. successful treatment of this disease localized to the urinary tract require a high index of suspicion in certain clinical settings, prompt diagnosis, a combination of systemic and local antifungal chemotherapy, and surgical drainage when necessary. PMID- 6783768 TI - Defective lysis of streptomycin-resistant escherichia coli cells infected with bacteriophage f2. AB - A lysis defect was found to account for the failure of a streptomycin-resistant strain of Escherichia coli to form plaques when infected with the male-specific bacteriophage f2. The lysis defect was associated with the mutation to streptomycin resistance. Large amounts of apparently normal bacteriophage accumulated in these cells. Cell-free extracts from both the parental and mutant strains synthesized a potential lysis protein in considerable amounts in response to formaldehyde-treated f2 RNA but not in response to untreated RNA. As predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the analogous MS2 phage, the protein synthesized in vitro had the expected molecular weight and lacked glycine. The cistron for the lysis protein overlapped portions of the coat and replicase cistrons and was translated in the +1 reading frame. Initiation at the lysis protein cistron may be favored by translation errors that expose the normally masked initiation site, and streptomycin-resistant ribosomes, known to have more faithful translation properties, may be unable to efficiently synthesize the lysis protein. PMID- 6783771 TI - From the NIH: Hormonal requirements of endometriosis yield clues to treatment. PMID- 6783772 TI - Chart reminders in the diagnosis of anemia. AB - We hypothesized that chart reminders would decrease the number of cases in which a low admission hemoglobin level was missed or ignored. Additionally, we compared the cost of generating the chart reminders by hand with the estimated cost of modifying the university hospital information system for this function. For three months, two medical students reviewed all abnormal hemoglobin results and assigned those more than 1 g below normal limits to a control or study group. A questionnaire, placed in all study group charts, requested an explanation for the low hemoglobin level. Eleven of 141 study cases and 16 of 150 control cases failed the audit criteria (differences not significant). The cost was $308 compared with $3,000 for altering the hospital information system. We conclude that chart reminders did not improve the detection of anemia and that it cost less to test this intervention by manually simulating the computer function. PMID- 6783773 TI - [Development of the hollow fiber oxygenator and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783775 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of man and primates. 11. Pregnancy of the monkey (1)]. PMID- 6783774 TI - Antigenic classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from small mammals trapped in developing oil palm complex in Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Fifty-one Rickettsia tsutsugamushi isolates from small mammals collected in central Peninsular Malaysia serologically characterized by direct immunofluorescence using eight prototype strains. Karp-related (TA763, TA686, TA716) antigens were found in 90.2% of the isolates. PMID- 6783777 TI - A fatal case of hepatocystosis in an imported monkey (Macaca fascicularis). PMID- 6783778 TI - Acid-base changes and acetate metabolism during routine and high-efficiency hemodialysis in children. AB - Changes in acid-base status and plasma acetate concentrations were studied in eight children during 11 hemodialysis sessions. During dialysis, the blood bicarbonate concentration fell (20.5 +/- 0.7 to 19.6 +/- 0.8 mEq/liter), the Pco2 fell (33.4 +/- 0.8 to 27.5 +/- 1.4 mm Hg), and the pH rose (7.42 +/- 0.01 to 7.48 +/- 0.02). During the hour after dialysis, the bicarbonate concentration rose to normal (23.4 +/- 0.7 mEq/liter), the PCO2 rose (32.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg), and the pH remained unchanged. The half-life of plasma acetate, measured after dialysis, was 8.7 min. During five "high-efficiency" dialysis sessions (urea clearance, greater than 3.0 ml/min/kg), blood bicarbonate concentration fell 3.2 mEq/liter, PCO2 fell 8.7 mm Hg, and plasma acetate rose to 7.51 mmoles/liter, whereas during six "routine efficiency" dialysis sessions (urea clearance. 1.5 to 3.0 ml/min/kg), blood bicarbonate rose 1.0 mEq/liter, PCO2 fell 36 mm Hg, and plasma acetate rose to 3.52 mmoles/liter. At 1 hour after the end of dialysis, blood bicarbonate, PCO2, and plasma acetate concentrations were similar in the two groups. Clinical problems occurred more frequently in the high-efficiency group during dialysis although the difference was not significant. The data indicate that (1) dialysis with acetate buffer effectively corrects predialysis metabolic acidosis, (2) although children have a high rate of acetate metabolism, during high-efficiency dialysis this rate is exceeded by the influx of acetate, and acid-base abnormalities occur. These abnormalities are transient but may cause clinical problems. PMID- 6783776 TI - The prospects for amino acid infusion. AB - Amino acid preparations for intravenous infusion are indispensable materials in parenteral nutrition. We have surveyed the progress and problems related to such preparations. In recent years, the necessity of various amino acid preparations suitable for different morbid state and/or ages has been the subject of much interest. In practice, several new amino acid preparations for specific uses have been proposed. PMID- 6783779 TI - [Familial partial pyruvic dehydrogenase deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - Pyruvic dehydrogenase deficiency was found in two living children of a Turkish family, whereas lactate acidosis was found in a dead child. Two further children died with a pattern of a therapy-refractory metabolic acidosis without any recognisable cause. The prerequisites for the creation of lactate acidosis are demonstrated by the example of pyruvic dehydrogenase deficiency. The extent of remaining activity in case of peruvic dehydrogenase deficiency determines the pattern of clinical signs and the course of the disease which can be influenced to a varying degree by additional complications and different attempts at treatment. PMID- 6783780 TI - [Effect of a hyperbaric nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere on respiratory center activity]. AB - In anesthesized cats inspiratory activity of the respiratory center at first increased and then decreased with increases in total pressure of the nitrogen oxygen atmosphere to 7, 11, and 21 atm (at normal PO2). The effort made by respiratory muscles increased gradually. These changes were augmented by hypercapnia. Possible role of nitrogen anesthesia and compensatory reactions to the increased breathing resistance in the department of the above changes is discussed. PMID- 6783781 TI - Incidence of Australia antigen in leprosy. AB - Ninety seven male patients attending the Leprosy clinic of the Dermatology Out patients' Department were studied for the detection of Australia antigen. There was a 20% antigen positivity in patients suffering from Lepromatous Leprosy and 5.7% in the cases with Tuberculoid Leprosy. SGPT level was found to be significant in patients with Lepromatous Leprosy having Australia antigen as compared to other groups. PMID- 6783782 TI - Evaluation of the TRI 'dipstick' test for the detection of drugs of abuse in urine. AB - An evaluation of Technology Resources Inc. (TRI) Amphetamine, Barbiturate, Narcotic (G) and Narcotic (S) "Dipsticks" for drugs of abuse in urine was made. The results obtained by six individuals reading the "Dipstick" papers was compared with the analysis of the same urine samples, by a combination of TLC, EMIT, RIA and GLC. The data obtained with "Dipstick" papers, regardless of the drug tested, were clearly unreliable (high percentage of false negatives, low percentage of true positives) and the assay was unsuitable as a technique for screening urines for drugs of abuse. PMID- 6783783 TI - Dental health status of institutionalized mentally retarded persons in differing restricted environments. PMID- 6783784 TI - Biological activity of [127I] and [125I] estradiol analogs in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6783785 TI - [Nutritional lipidic factors of enzymatic phenobarbital induction in the rat. Effects of quantitative and qualitative composition of dietary lipids (author's transl)]. AB - Diets containing increasing amounts of corn oil (0%, 1,5%, 3%, 4,5%, 6%), diets containing a same quantity (6%) of differents fats (corn oil, coconut oil, fish oil) and one free fat diet containing squalen (1,5%) were fed to rats. The UDP glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) activity of hepatic homogenate and cytochrome P 450 concentration of hepatic microsomal fractions were measured without or after phenobarbital treatment. 1. Presence of dietary lipids generally gives a moderate increase of these parameters, but the effect of fish oil is higher than of other fats. 2. With the phenobarbital treatment the induction of hepatic cyt P 450 and UDPGT is higher in the animals fed dietary fats than in animals fed free fat diets. However this difference is more important in the rats fed fish oil, less important with coconut oil and the lowest with corn oil. 3. The addition of squalen in the diet did not give variations of cyt P 450 hepatic concentration and UDPGT hepatic activity. The inducting effect of phenobarbital on microsomal cyt P 450 is unchanged but significantly enhanced in the case of hepatic UDPGT. PMID- 6783786 TI - Acute experimental dental pain: a technique for evaluating pain modulating procedures. AB - A simple method for bipolar electrical stimulation of the tooth pulp for evaluating pain modulating procedures is described. Stimulation selectivity has been studied by means of cortical evoked potentials before and after gum anaesthesia. Results obtained by constant current and constant voltage stimulation have been compared. Constant voltage stimulation has proved to be more stable in time. This technique is able to differentiate the analgesic effect of a single dose of i.v. lysine acetylsalicylate from saline. Threshold sensation was judged as painful by about half of the subjects. PMID- 6783787 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis and invasive aspergillosis. PMID- 6783788 TI - [The value of pneumography in preventive medicine]. PMID- 6783789 TI - [Beta-lactamase-producing gonococcus as a cause of keratoconjunctivitis]. PMID- 6783790 TI - [Centralized patient admission is important for the effectiveness of ward space utilization]. PMID- 6783791 TI - [Problems of reconstruction of iatrogenic lesions in the biliary tract (author's transl)]. AB - Iatrogenic lesions of the hepatocholedochus are among the most serious complications of upper abdominal surgery. They present the surgeon with difficult problems: unsuccessful attempts to reconstruct easily lead to irreparable liver damage and situations which can no longer be controlled surgically. Consequently, the corrective operation decides the fate of the patient. Contrary to general opinion, we attempt the ideal bilibiliary end-to-end anastomosis over the large T drain after mobilization of the stump of the biliary tract even in larger defects. With proper mobilization, even defects of the hepatocholedochus up to 4 cm long can be bridged. Naturally, preparation of the distal limb of the bile duct requires adequate surgical experience. We have performed 40 bilibiliary end to-end anastomoses in 37 patients. Examination and follow-up examinations showed, apart from one death and three reoccurrences of stenosis, satisfactory results in every respect: The successful bilibiliary end-to-end anastomosis is superior to all other corrective measures. PMID- 6783792 TI - [Successful treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a 39 year old patient, who had been healthy before and who had a spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, which could be treated successfully by immediate surgery. It is pointed out, that diagnosis had to be established on an interdisciplinary basis. Patient with severe thoracic pain of unknown origine, or patients, who are suspected to have a perforated ulcer should have a radiogram of the chest, which will lead to establishing the diagnosis. The success of the treatment in the case presented is attributed to early diagnosis and to a monofilament wire suture. PMID- 6783793 TI - Failure to detect o-diphenoloxidase in cultivable mycobacteria obtained from feral armadillos. PMID- 6783794 TI - Postnatal development of renal and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in male and female Fischer 344 rats. PMID- 6783795 TI - Nature of the inhibition of C1- transport by furosemide: evidence for a direct effect on active transport in toad cornea. PMID- 6783796 TI - Distributions of monooxygenase components and epoxide hydratase within the livers of untreated male rats. PMID- 6783797 TI - Phospholipid dependency of purified estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP glucuronyltransferases. PMID- 6783798 TI - Antagonism of the hydrosmotic effect of vasopressin by the antihypertensive, guanabenz. PMID- 6783799 TI - Cystinuria: the disease and its models. PMID- 6783800 TI - Can intact liposomes be absorbed in the gut? PMID- 6783801 TI - Melatonin-induced suppression of gonadotropin titers in male golden hamsters: effect on gonadal feedback mechanisms. PMID- 6783802 TI - The interaction of chlordiazepoxide and sodium valproate in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. PMID- 6783803 TI - Enhancement of hexobarbital-induced sleep by lysine and its metabolites. PMID- 6783804 TI - Gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-histidyl-prolinamide citrate (DN-1417): a novel TRH analog with potent effects on the central nervous system. PMID- 6783805 TI - Differential effects of dietary fatty acids on the accumulation of arachidonic acid and its metabolic conversion through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase in platelets and vascular tissue. AB - Semisynthetic diets containing either corn oil (CO) or butter (B) (11 and 2.2 en % as linoleic acid, respectively) were fed to male rabbits for periods of 3 weeks and 3 months. The CO diet, in respect to the B diet, induced higher levels of linoleic acid (LA) and lower levels of arachidonic acid (AA) in platelet phospholipids, lower levels of AA in aortic phosphatidylinositol (PI) and accumulation of both LA and AA in liver lipids. The thresholds for aggregation with AA, but not with collagen, were higher in the CO group and the formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) from [14C] AA, but not from endogenous substrate after collagen stimulation, was lower in the same group. Formation of PGE2-like material by incubated aortas was higher in the B group. In the CO group, platelet cyclooxygenase appeared to be selectively depressed. The correlations among diet induced fatty acid changes in platelet and aortic lipids, platelet aggregation and thromboxane and prostacyclin formation are discussed. PMID- 6783806 TI - Blood group distribution and ABO haemolytic disease of the newborn in Jamaica. PMID- 6783807 TI - [Pituitary hormone level in breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6783808 TI - [Chagas disease and immunosuppression]. PMID- 6783809 TI - Clinical and metabolic responses to parenteral nutrition in acute renal failure. A controlled double-blind study. AB - 1. Thirty patients with acute renal failure who were unable to eat adequately were evaluated while they received parenteral nutrition with glucose alone (n = 7), glucose and 21 g/day essential amino acids (EAA, n = 11) or glucose, 21 g/day essential and 21 g/day nonessential amino acids (ENAA, n = 12). Energy intake did not differ with the three treatments. Patients were studied in a prospective double blind fashion. 2. Thirteen patients recovered renal function and 11 survived to leave the hospital. Those in whom renal failure was attributed to hypotension and/or sepsis had a poorer recovery of renal function (17%) and survival (17%). Recovery of renal function and survival was greater in patients on the medical service as compared to the surgical service and in those who received more energy. Recovery of renal function was worse in those treated with dialysis. There were no differences in recovery of renal function of survival among the three treatment groups. 3. Many patients were markedly catabolic as indicated by nitrogen balances, urea in nitrogen appearance rates (UNA), serum protein concentrations, and plasma amino acid levels. There was no correlation between the degree of catabolism and recovery of renal function or survival. Mean UNA in individual patients also correlated with body weight. Among the three groups, however, UNA was significantly less with the group receiving EAA as compared to ENAA. 4. Serum protein concentrations were lower than normal in all treatment groups. Serum albumin fell significantly during the treatment in the more catabolic patients. Plasma amino acid levels tended to fall in all three groups and concentrations at the end of the treatment were frequently lower than normal. 5. These data suggest that acute renal failure patients who are unable to eat adequately are often hypercatabolic and have a high mortality, particularly if hypotension or sepsis is the cause of renal failure. The improved survival in those with higher energy intakes, the high rate of net protein breakdown, the low serum protein levels and the reduced plasma concentrations of both essential and nonessential amino acids suggest that greater quantities of energy and both essential and nonessential amino acids may be beneficial to such patients. PMID- 6783810 TI - Cutaneous mycobacteriosis: analysis of 34 cases with a new classification of the disease. AB - Several points can be made from analysis of the published cases of cutaneous mycobacteriosis and those in our series: 1) mycobacterial cutaneous infections are probably more common than is reported-we collected 34 cases over a 10-year period; 2) most patients with cutaneous infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria have significant underlying disease; 3) there is a relative lack of classic histologic features in patients with cutaneous mycobacteriosis, and there appear to be diverse forms of clinical presentation; 4) a high index of suspicion is needed in evaluating patients with possible cutaneous mycobacteriosis, and appropriate cultures must be done to establish the diagnosis. In attempting to provide a practical classification of cutaneous mycobacteriosis which includes infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria, we propose the following grouping, which uses simple terms, avoids confusing nomenclature, and incorporates pathophysiologic descriptions and prognostic information: 1) Mycobacteriosis caused by inoculation from an exogenous source. 2) Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by spread from an endogenous source. Contiguous spread originates most often with osteomyelitis, but also occurs through autoinoculation of the perirectal, oral, or vaginal skin as organisms are passed or expectorated from pulmonary or genitourinary tuberculosis. 3) Cutaneous mycobacteriosis caused by hematogenous spread. This group includes lupus vulgaris, nodules and abscesses, and acute disease with hemorrhagic pustules. Some mycobacterioses will be difficult to classify when inoculation or hematogenous spread cannot be ruled out. However, the system of classification we have proposed should help clinicians understand and diagnose the diverse forms of cutaneous mycobacterial infections. PMID- 6783811 TI - Kinetics of chlorotetracycline permeation in fragmented, ATPase-rich sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6783812 TI - Free sigma subunit of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase binds to DNA. AB - The affinity of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma and delta subunits to DNA was examined by a non-denaturing polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis method which made it possible to resolve DNA-bound and free subunits. The results revealed that sigma subunit, but not delta subunit had a relatively high affinity for double stranded DNA. The sigma subunit was bound maximally to super-coiled pGR1-3 plasmid DNA at a mass ratio of sigma/DNA of 0.7. With B. subtilis double stranded linear DNA one sigma subunit was bound per approximately 1,000 base pairs. The sigma-DNA complex was sufficiently stable for isolation by a molecular gel filtration column. The sigma subunit had much higher affinity for super coiled than for linear pGR1-3 DNA or for linear double stranded or denatured DNA from B. subtilis, E. coli, and calf thymus. These results indicate that the free B. subtilis sigma subunit, in contrast to the E. coli sigma subunit, can bind by itself to DNA. PMID- 6783813 TI - Regulation of micropinocytosis in capillary endothelium by multivalent cations. PMID- 6783814 TI - Aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus by sodium chondroitin sulfate. AB - The precipitation of tobacco mosaic virus by sodium chondroitin sulfate in an aqueous solution was investigated kinetically by means of turbidimetry. The virus solution became turbid after the addition of chondroitin sulfate. A threshold concentration of chondroitin, 1.33 mg/ml, was required for virus precipitation, irrespective of the virus concentration. The precipitation resulted from a mutual spatial exclusion phenomenon, leading to the separation of the virus as a crystalline phase. The dimension of chondroitin sulfate calculated at the threshold concentration agreed well with that obtained by other methods. The initial slopes and the aggregation half-times of the virus aggregates depended on both chondroitin and virus concentrations and the former increased with the increase in concentration of each. Above the threshold concentration of chondroitin sulfate, tobacco mosaic virus aggregation was a rapid-aggregation process and ended within 100 sec. PMID- 6783815 TI - Virus-like particles associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6783816 TI - Biochemical mechanism of streptomycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6783817 TI - Studies on the cross-resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H37Rv, to aminoglycoside- and peptide-antibiotics. AB - Various phenotypes of the resistance to aminoglycoside- and peptide-antibodies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv were produced by single- and/or two-step selection of the parent strain. Mutants obtained by single-step selection with antibiotics were classified into ten phenotypes; one of single resistance, two of triple resistance, three of quadruple resistance, and four of sextuple resistance. There were two kinds of sextuple resistance (high resistance to enviomycin, viomycin, capreomycin, kanamycin, lividomycin). One was isolated from the parent strain by single-step selection and could be eliminated by mutation to isoniazid resistance, the other was obtained by two-step selections and was not eliminated by mutation to isoniazid resistance. Interaction between mutation to streptomycin resistance and mutation to quadruple resistance (4R phenotype) was observed. Streptomycin resistance interfered with the formation of the 4R phenotype and produced a different phenotype, KR instead of the 4R phenotype. The existence of mutation of the 4R phenotype did not usually interfere with mutation to streptomycin resistance, but a small portion of the mutants with the 4R phenotype were altered in their phenotype from 4R to KR after addition of the mutation to streptomycin resistance. This effect of the mutation to streptomycin resistance was not observed in mutants which already had a mutation to klR phenotype (mutation to low concentrations of kanamycin only). PMID- 6783818 TI - [Conditions for cyanobacteria L-transformation]. AB - Anabaena variabilis and Chlorogloea fritschii can easily form L-like colonies that are characterized by their appearance and the morphology of component structures. The colonies consist of morphological elements typical of the L variants of chemoheterotrophic bacteria: filaments, "grains", ring-shaped cells, etc. Data are presented pertinent to the functional activity of the photosynthetic apparatus of these organisms subjected to L-transformation. PMID- 6783819 TI - [Microbiologic processes in meromictic Lake Sakovo]. AB - The freshwater meromictic lake Sakovo located in the Vologda Region was investigated. Its maximal depth is 16 m. The lake contained very high sulfate concentrations up to 816 mg/l; however, the rate of sulfate reduction in the water was low (not more than 16 mg H2S/l/day, whereas 4.5 mg of H2S was produced per day in the sediments. Bacterial sulfate reduction was shown to be limited by the deficiency of an organic substrate. Not more than 11 mg of H2S/l was contained in the nonmixing layers of the monimolimnion. The boundary line of the H2S zone was at a depth of 3.5-4.5 m and coincided with the thermocline and chemocline. The water in this region was green due to the growth of two species of green sulfur bacteria: Pelodictyon luteolum (the maximum of 7.35 x 10(6) cells in 1 ml) and Chlorobium limicola in the symbiotic complex of Chlorobium aggregatum (the maximum of 0.42 x 10(6) aggregates in 1 ml). Phototrophic bacterial cells synthesized 320 microgram of C per litre per day at a depth of 4.25 m. The assimilation of carbon dioxide in the dark in the zone of contact between H2S and O2 containing waters constituted 100 mg of C per litre per day, and apparently was due to the chemosynthesis of thiobacteria (the maximum of 1000 cells in 1 ml). It has been calculated that 9 mg of H2S per 1 m2 per day is formed in the water, and 500 mg of H2S per 1 m2 per day is produced in the sediments. Green bacteria oxidize about 268 mg of H2S per 1 m2 per day while thiobacteria oxidize 250 mg of H2S pe2 1 m2 per day. Sulfur bacteria may be possibly supplied with supplied with sulfide by syntrophism with sulfate reducing and sulfur reducing bacteria as well as by diffusion of H2S from the sediments. PMID- 6783820 TI - [Study of the pathways regulating the biosynthesis of Gluconobacter oxydans levansucrase]. AB - The synthesis of levansucrase is derepressed during the growth of Gluconobacter oxydans L-1 in media with mannitol, sorbitol or fructose. The level of levansucrase activity under these conditions is 20-30 times higher than in cultures growing in the presence of xylite, galactose or glucose. Addition of mannitol or sucrose to the culture grown in a medium with xylite increases the differential rate of levansucrase synthesis. Addition of glucose at a concentration of 1% to the culture growing in a medium with mannitol at constant pH represses the synthesis of levansucrase only for a short period of time (15-20 min). The mechanism regulating the activity of levansucrase in the bacterial culture is susceptible to changes in the pH of the medium: the differential rate of levansucrase synthesis is three-fold higher when the culture is grown at pH 5.7 cf. pH 4.7. PMID- 6783822 TI - The electromyographical effect of CNS metabolism-improving agents in rabbits. PMID- 6783821 TI - Hepatic dysfunction in infancy associated with long-term intravenous hyperalimentation. An autopsy case of extensive aganglionosis. PMID- 6783823 TI - [Intestinal cleansing prior to diagnostic procedures: modified orthograde lavage]. PMID- 6783824 TI - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) for rapid diagnosis of bacteremia and bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6783826 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 5th Workshop of the Virology Section of the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Hygiene und Mikrobiologie, Tubingen, December 4-6, 1980. PMID- 6783825 TI - Esculin hydrolysis by Gram positive bacteria. A rapid test and it's comparison with other methods. AB - A number of bacteria hydrolyze esculin enzymatically to esculetin. This characteristic is used by taxonomists and clinical microbiologists in the differentiation and identification of bacteria, especially to distinguish Lance field group D streptococci from non-group D organisms and Listeria monocytogenes from morphologically similar Erysipelothrix rhusipoathiae and diphtheroids. Conventional methods used for esculin hydrolysis require 4--48 h for completion. We developed and evaluated a medium which gives positive results more rapidly. The 2,330 isolates used in this study consisted of 1,680 esculin positive and 650 esculin negative organisms. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were compared with the PathoTec esculin hydrolysis strip and the procedure of Vaughn and Levine (VL). Of the 1,680 esculin positive organisms, 97% gave positive reactions within 30 minutes with the rapid test whereas PathoTec required 3--4 h incubation for the same number of organisms to yield a positive reaction. PMID- 6783827 TI - Nosocomial rubella infection - North Dakota, Alabama, Ohio. PMID- 6783828 TI - Aseptic meningitis in a high school football team - Ohio. PMID- 6783829 TI - Factors which influence the radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). PMID- 6783830 TI - The genetic and cellular basis of antigen and receptor stimulated regulation. PMID- 6783831 TI - [Turn to psychological medicine. A determination of the position of the medical psychology specialty]. PMID- 6783832 TI - [Training in medical psychology (author's transl)]. AB - In contrast to other preclinical disciplines medical psychology recently introduced into the qualification regulations is still quite transparent. The contact between research workers and teachers is still very close. Consequently medical psychologists have succeeded in establishing a "double track" connection between the fulfilling of the requirements of the Mainz test procedure and the independent form of instruction open to experiment. An attempt has been made to specify the aim of the study and to determine this from fields of application in practice and from psychological competence. The objects and basic knowledge defined by the Mainz requirements are consequently the less, even if better controlled, part of the aim of instruction. Changes and hopes and disappointments in the course of instruction in recent years are reported and finally three characteristic instruction contents are presented in detail for illustration. PMID- 6783833 TI - [The present situation of medical psychology]. PMID- 6783835 TI - [Research in medical psychology]. PMID- 6783834 TI - [Medical psychological practice (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the qualification regulations for medical practitioners, in most medical specialties and faculties, organizations for training in medical psychology were set up. For some years these organizations also participate increasingly with psychosocial services in the treatment of patients. Just as varied as the duties undertaken the methods applied are most strongly stamped by psychoanalysis and behavior therapy. Some prerequisites for cooperation of doctors and nurses of the "classical" medical disciplines and the medicopsychological and psychosomatic organisations are discussed. PMID- 6783836 TI - [Psychic problems in kidney transplant patients]. PMID- 6783837 TI - [Intensive care. Psychological views]. PMID- 6783838 TI - [The patient-oriented discussion The application of medical psychologic knowledge to consultations (author's transl)]. AB - Communication is of central significance in a relationship which is recognized as essential for efficient partnership contact between doctor and patient. Medical discussion for information of the patient is the preferred medium for this communication. The formation of the patient-doctor relationship, collection of data, enlightenment of the patient and advising the patient are its chief tasks. It is shown how these can be fulfilled by reference to three guidelines for medical behavior, - to make partnership possible, facilitate patient initiative and promote participation, cooperation and joint responsibility of the patient. Comments on the course of the patient-oriented discussion are made and their psychotherapeutic possibilities in the strict sense are enumerated. PMID- 6783839 TI - [Stuttering. Symptoms, development, causes and therapy]. PMID- 6783840 TI - [Analysis of explanatory medical discussions before surgery]. PMID- 6783841 TI - [Hyperviscosity syndrome]. PMID- 6783842 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 3. Ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 6783844 TI - [The risks of smoking: modifiable? On the questions of the "less harmful cigarette"]. PMID- 6783843 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 10. How listeners can improve educational congresses]. PMID- 6783845 TI - [The angiopathic risk of inhaling smoke and the "less harmful cigarette". Utopia or chance? (author's transl)]. AB - The carbon monoxide concentrations already found in the work place causes functional damage to the cardiovascular system; CO loads such as occur in cigarette smoking may lead to additional morphologically detectable damage. Nicotine appears to act more through its acute circulatory functional and hemorheologic effects. Consequently the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke must be considered a potentially dangerous factor for the vascular system, so that a "less harmful cigarette" in this connection must have a low concentration of carbon monoxide in the smoke. In order to be in the assuredly harmless range -- e.g. even for patients with coronary heart disease -- the COHb should lie below 3%. As long as this cannot be achieved, a "less harmful cigarette" remains utopian with regard to the angiopathic risk. PMID- 6783846 TI - [Traffic noise and hypertension risk. Hypothalamus theory of essential hypertension. Second communication (author's transl)]. AB - In connection with the Bonn Study on Traffic Noise, 56 males with healthy cardiovascular systems were selected at random from two areas with different traffic noise conditions. The blood pressure was measured under the influence of a 5 minute standardized stressor and a 30 minute exposure to traffic noise. The 17 subjects with hereditary tendency to hypertension reacted significantly under the influence of both stressors with more marked rises in systolic and diastolic blood pressures than the 35 subjects who denied a hereditary tendency. On the other hand, the different residential areas did not affect the blood pressures obtained experimentally. The results support the hypothalamus theory of essential hypertension through the decisive etiological factors. At the same time they form the basis of a working hypothesis for a prospective study. According to this it is expected that males with a hereditary tendency to hypertension who have been exposed to traffic noise for several years will be more likely to develop hypertension. PMID- 6783847 TI - [beta-Receptor blockers in the early stage of myocardial infarction with left ventricular failure (author's transl)]. AB - In infarct-induced acute left ventricular failure, beta-receptor blockers are considered to be contraindicated. On the assumption that in left ventricular pumping failure in the early stages of the infarction there is a state of functional hypercontractility of the myocardium, we accordingly treated infarction in its early stage with the beta-blocker talinolol (Cordanum). Digitalis glycosides were not used in the acute phase. None of the 32 patients with hemodynamically complicated infarcts treated with beta-receptor blockers died of hemodynamic failure. The total mortality of these patients was 4/32, the mortality of anterior wall infarcts was 1/21. According to this experience beta receptor blockers appear to be a possibility for treatment of hemodynamically complicated myocardial infarctions in the early stage which has so far not been taken advantage of. PMID- 6783849 TI - [The informed patient. Efficacy of detailed information in patients with gynecological operations (author's transl)]. AB - In medical routine the accusation of lack of information is raised more and more frequently. In the present studies the efficacy of detailed oral and written explanation was examined in 100 patients with gynecological operations. On admission to hospital 79% of the women stated they had been given information on the planned intervention by the doctor referring them to hospital. A written questionnaire on discharge showed, however, that the intensive and extremely individual efforts to inform them during the period of hospitalization are unsuccessful in about one third of the patients. Possible causes for this are the great confidence in the doctor, the psychic tension in the preoperative phase and lack of preparation for the operation. The observations give rise to new aspects for the assessment of declarations of consent for medical interventions. PMID- 6783848 TI - [Skiing accidents in children (author's transl)]. AB - In Arosa, a coherent skiing arena, all skiing accidents were systemically recorded by the two general practitioners for 10 years. The incidence of accidents to children compared with that of adolescents and adults was of particular interest. The incidence of accidents to children has more markedly decreased. The frequency of collisions is increasing. The most common injuries to children are fractures, followed by sprains and contusions. On the other hand sprains are the most common injury to adolescents and adults, followed by fractures and an almost equal number of contusions. The dangers of skiing and the severity of the injuries are discussed. Demands are made for prevention of skiing accidents. PMID- 6783850 TI - [Uvulectomy - an initiation rite?]. PMID- 6783851 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 11. Methods of continuing medical education]. PMID- 6783852 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 4. Additional diagnostic methods in Doppler ultrasonic examination]. PMID- 6783853 TI - [Differential diagnosis - generalized lymphedema]. PMID- 6783854 TI - [General medicine--wish and reality]. PMID- 6783856 TI - [Health care tasks of general practice]. PMID- 6783855 TI - [Development and perspectives in general medicine]. AB - Based on analyses of basic or preliminary care in Australia, Europe and North America and on empirical investigations the following conclusions are drawn: medical attention in primary care shows some special features (described in greater detail) and differs from medical attention in specialized treatment areas. The profession and the aims of postgraduate education of general medicine are based on these particulars, but they need further explanation and better delineation. Training and postgraduate training of general practitioners in most countries are only likely to achieve the aims set to a limited extent. It is assumed that the further development of general medicine depends especially on the improvement of the preliminary treatment system and research into preliminary care and on the training of qualified teachers. PMID- 6783857 TI - [The professional image of the general practitioner. Taking stock (author's transl)]. AB - In order to maintain the necessary supply of general practitioners, by 1990 about 11,000 (44% of the present number) and by the year 2000 about 18,000 to 20,000 (about 75% of the present position) doctors must set up in general practice. 1000 to 1500 postgraduate places per annum must be reserved to guarantee the basic attention in general practice in future by "postgraduate" general practitioners. Preliminary medical treatment is no longer carried out exclusively by general practitioners. Only 60% of all original warrants for application for treatment per quarter are given to general practitioners; 40%, on the other hand went directly to specialists. In the last year a change has taken place in the patient's behavior at the first consultation. There has been a movement towards the specialist of about 2.5%. PMID- 6783858 TI - [Postgraduate education in general medicine (author's transl)]. AB - In 1968, postgraduate education for general practitioners was instituted. Ten years later, 50% of all general practitioners still practise without having completed a postgraduate course after setting up practice, on the other hand 25% have completed such a course. The period before completion of a postgraduate course fell below the 4-year mark in 1978 and 1979. The proportion of doctors with at most, two years further education at the time of setting up practice rose from 30% to 40% of all practising doctors in the last five years. Only 11% of the population sees a difference between the general practitioner and the "postgraduate" general practitioner. The "postgraduate" medical practitioner treats patients at a more favourable cost than a doctor without further training; the former looks after ca. 10% more cases than the doctor without training, independent of the size of the district. PMID- 6783859 TI - [Ensuring quality in medical outpatient attention (author's transl)]. AB - An overview is given of the reasons, the status and the possibilities for assessment of safeguarding the quality of medical attention. Organized safeguarding of quality is a differentiated and expensive instrument which requires a careful cost-benefit clarification. The practice of ensuring quality should be concentrated on those areas for which reliable principles of assessment are available and which, on the other hand, are of recognizably decisive significance for the benefit of the patients or the ability of the health services to pay. A cursory overview of provisions realized by the German Health Service in the outpatient sphere is given. PMID- 6783860 TI - [Analysis of the competence of the general practitioner. Quality determination of general practice and internal medicine services]. PMID- 6783861 TI - [Combination of beta-receptor blocking agents and saluretica in outpatient treatment of hypertension. Results of a comparative study (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized single-blind study a comparison was made between the blood pressure lowering effect and the tolerance of two different combinations of beta blockers and diuretic agents, one of the combinations being given in a sustained release form. The study was made in 60 out-patients suffering from hypertension of the severity degrees I and II (WHO). The blood pressure reduction achieved as well as the diminution of the increase in heart rate and blood pressure under ergometric load proved to be almost equal in both groups. The number of patients whose blood pressure was normalized by the end of the study was larger in the group treated with Cardiotensin. The influence on laboratory parameters was only minimal and without clinical relevance. Both preparations have generally been well tolerated and exhibited an equal duration of effect. PMID- 6783862 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy, Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 12. Continuing education with publications?]. PMID- 6783863 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 5. Venous insufficiency]. PMID- 6783864 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis]. PMID- 6783865 TI - [Modern developments in neurosurgery]. PMID- 6783866 TI - [Cerebral ischemia. Possibilities and limitations of neurosurgical treatment (author's transl)]. AB - The construction of a new collateral circulation between the external carotid artery and a cortical ramus of the middle cerebral artery is a prophylactic measure in patients with a lesion in the distal arterial cerebral circulation by which the appearance of further symptoms, and especially the development of a complete apoplexy can be prevented. This is confirmed by the results with 300 patients. In the light of clinical criteria and additional methods of investigation, particularly cerebral angiography and computer, tomography, the indications for the operation are discussed. PMID- 6783867 TI - [Pituitary adenomata. Status of diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The advances in pituitary surgery are based on the diagnosis of neuroendocrinological function and the microsurgical operative technique with the help of which pituitary adenomata are approached by the transsphenoidal route in approximately 90% of cases and transcranially in about 10%. On the one hand, hormone-active microadenomata can presently be detected in good time endocrinologically and 80-90% can be removed selectively while retaining the pituitary. On the other hand, it can be shown that the greater the tumor the more frequently hormone excesses persist after the operation. Tumors can be directly visualized in the cranial computer tomogram if they ar not smaller than 5-7 mm. Also, larger extrasellar remains of tumors left after operation can be demonstrated by computer tomography. Larger suprasellar adenomata produce a chiasma syndrome which improves in 80% of patients after transphenoidal operation. The slight operative risk is shown in a total of 737 operations for pituitary adenomata in the last 11 years. PMID- 6783868 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of severe craniocerebral injuries. New developments (author's transl)]. AB - Computer tomography of the skull has considerably improved the diagnosis of different neurotraumatological disease entities, since extracerebral and intracerebral hemorrhages, parenchymatous lesions and traumatic cerebral edema can be visualized directly. The coarse morphological changes and the indirect signs of post-traumatic space-occupying complications in the CT permit prognostic statements. A great advantage of computer tomography is that multiple intracranial lesions can be visualized simultaneously. PMID- 6783869 TI - [Early diagnosis and treatment of aneurysmal hemorrhages (author's transl)]. AB - The diagnostic and therapeutic procedures after aneurysmal hemorrhage are described. The most important aspects in history-taking, indication for lumbar puncture, the evaluation of computer tomographic findings and the method of angiography are presented and in particular the timely coordination of the preoperative measures and the operation is commented on. PMID- 6783870 TI - [Therapeutic embolization in the external carotid artery area (author's transl)]. AB - Considering the satisfactory longterm results, artificial embolization alone or in conjunction with open surgery seems to have become established as a new therapeutic measure in the most varied vascular processes. In skilled hands the complication rate of embolization in the supply area of the external carotid artery is extremely low. The advantages of vascular occlusion by embolization compared to vascular ligature in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations are to be seen in connection with the angioma-like and consequently more efficient elimination of the affluxes and of the malformation itself as well as in the possibility of repeating the treatment in case of relapse. Recanalization of vessels already embolized and the lack of an ideal embolization material emphasize that important aspects of this therapy still need further development. PMID- 6783871 TI - [Effects of computer tomography on diagnosis of neurological and neurosurgical diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Computer tomography is presently the primary procedure for correct diagnosis of many neurological and neurosurgical diseases. Other expensive and riskier diagnostic methods have become superfluous. Selective and clearly indicated application of the undoubtedly expensive computer tomography ultimately spares unnecessary costs for hospitalization and less conclusive examination methods. Whereas the indications in the craniocerebral region can now be considered confirmed, spinal computer tomography is still in the development stage. With certain indications, eg in prolapsed lumbar intervertebral disk, a similar performance to that of CT can be obtained with myelography, so that the latter method is likely to be superseded by computer tomography. PMID- 6783873 TI - [Polycythemia vera]. PMID- 6783872 TI - [Pain surgery. Treatment of deep pain syndromes and trigeminal neuralgia (author's transl)]. AB - owing to an enormous development in the operative technical possibilities, percutaneous surgical methods are available today for both destructive and functional pain interventions, so that the surgical risk can be reduced to a minimum and also patients in a poor general condition and of advanced age can tolerate these interventions at any time. PMID- 6783874 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 7. Phlebography and other clinical examination methods]. PMID- 6783875 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 14: Learning in medicine. Part II]. PMID- 6783876 TI - [Asthma prophylaxis from the long-range veiw]. PMID- 6783877 TI - [Chromosome anomalies and criminal responsibility]. PMID- 6783878 TI - [Daily profile of pulse rate and blood pressure. Use of betablocker-diuretic combination (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783879 TI - [Blood group, alcoholism and liver damage (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of blood group characteristics in the ABO system was examined in 339 alcoholics, men and women, who were subjected to laparoscopy and liver biopsy from 1973 to 1977. Compared with the normal distribution (Fischer) and an additional random sampling of 12 843 patients of all wards there was no statistically significant difference. More than chance interdependencies between the degree of liver damage and a blood group could also not be confirmed. There were no differences with regard to the Rh factor either. PMID- 6783880 TI - [Yersinioses. Clinical, patho-anatomical and pathogenetic problems (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of a selected patient group and bioptic material, the difficulties in diagnosing Y. pseudotuberculosis and Y. enterocolitica infections are presented from the clinical and morphological point of view, particularly when extraintestinal complications are present. Taking one patient with Y. enterocolitica infection and recurrent oligoarthritis as an example, the possible pathogenetic significance of circulating immune complexes for the development of extraintestinal symptoms is being discussed. PMID- 6783881 TI - [Sympathetic irritation in the thoracic region (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783882 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 4. Communication in consultation in the physician's practice]. PMID- 6783883 TI - ["Malignant" ascites]. PMID- 6783884 TI - [Asthma as an occupational disease]. PMID- 6783885 TI - [Coincidence of pulmonary fibrosis and bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Eight cases of endothoracal carcinoma associated with pulmonary fibrosis or with interstitial pneumonia are reported. The interstitial pneumonia and the fibrosis and carcinoma are confirmed in all cases. Statements on incidence cannot be made: they are more or less random observations in recent years. There are, however, grounds for supposing that this coincidence is by no means rare. Problems arise in differential diagnosis and the decision to operate, for irradiation therapy and for chemotherapy. The question of a possible causal connection, whether in the sense of a paraneoplasia or of cancer development due to previous damage to the lung is left open. PMID- 6783886 TI - [Hereditary occurrence of neurofibrosarcomatosis in v. Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 6783887 TI - [Treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency. A trial of orphol in 8940 patients by 800 medical practitioners (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 800 physicians practising general medicine, internal medicine and neurology tested the dihydroergotoxin preparation Orphol Drops for a period of six weeks at a daily dose of 30 drops 3 times daily in 8940 patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. The "cerebral symptom" complex showed the best results with improved findings in 94.5% of cases. The overall assessment of therapy by the doctors in the "psychological findings" complex showed improved findings in 85.7% of the patients affected after 6 weeks' treatment. The third complex, "harmonization of environmental relations" still showed improved findings in 71.6% of the affected patients. The sustained improvements in all three "complexes" were striking, also in the second period of the trial, which emphasizes the importance of longterm therapy of deficiency symptoms in cerebrovascular insufficiency. PMID- 6783888 TI - [History of goiter surgery]. PMID- 6783889 TI - [Degree of information responsibility on the complications of oncological diagnosis]. PMID- 6783890 TI - [The "Dotter" treatment--therapeutic possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 6783891 TI - [Causes of abnormal sexual behavior (author's transl)]. AB - There is no doubt that there are sexual disorders which are diseases, i.e. they need medical aid. As with every disease, also in sexual disorders investigation of the most probable causes has particular theoretical and practical value. Etiological investigations in this field stumble against special difficulties; compared to other fields of sex research they have been neglected up to now or were too concentrated in one direction. It is suggested that in every sexual disorder requiring treatment etiology should be gone into more deeply than hitherto. From animal experiments and human cases four different etiological possibilities can be deduced. PMID- 6783892 TI - [Psychotherapy concepts (II). Behavior therapy. Discussion therapy. The situation of the practising physician (author's transl)]. AB - In the second part of a study on concepts of treatment behavior therapy and discussion therapy are gone into. For both concepts the place of origin the inherent personality theory, the aim of the therapy and the method of procedure are outlined. Finally it is pointed out that the doctor in his practise is faced with an important psychotherapeutic task, in fulfilling which training in Balint Groups would be pertinent. PMID- 6783893 TI - [Myocardial infarct, lung embolism or spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6783894 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 2. General diagnosis of peripheral vein diseases]. PMID- 6783895 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 9. Presentation and reading of research papers]. PMID- 6783896 TI - Sex-linked lethal mutations induced in Drosophila melanogaster by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - One of the most potent carcinogens, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), was tested for the induction of mutations in 2 strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae were fed mixtures containing DMBA, peanut oil and solubilizing agents in darkness. After emergence the males were mated with Basc or FM7a females to test for sex-linked lethals. For Canton-S males, all DMBA treatments produced highly significant increases in mutation frequencies over controls. DMBA was slightly mutagenic for Oregon-R males. PMID- 6783897 TI - Acrylonitrile: in vivo cytogenetic studies in mice and rats. AB - Acrylonitrile (VCN), a suspect human carcinogen, does not produce significant increases in cytogenetic aberrations in the mouse-bone marrow when given orally for 4, 15 or 30 days at doses equal to 7, 14 and 21 mg/kg/day resp. or by i.p. for the same time periods at doses of 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg/day. Rats treated orally with 16 daily doses of VCN (40 mg/kg/day) or potassium cyanide (KCN) (5 mg/kg/day) showed no increase of aberrant metaphases in the bone marrow over controls. PMID- 6783898 TI - Mutagenicity of some contraceptive drugs in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Combinations of 3 progestins, ethynodiol diacetate, norethynodrel and norgestrel, and 2 oestrogens, ethinyloestradiol and mestranol, were fed to larval Oregon-R fruit flies. None of the steroids studied induced X-linked recessive lethal mutations above the control level in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6783899 TI - Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of Giardia lamblia. AB - The lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of Giardia lamblia was studied using trophozoites isolated from a human and axenically grown in vitro in medium containing fetal bovine serum. The phospholipid, fatty acid and neutral lipid composition of the G. lamblia trophozoites was similar to that of the medium. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were the major phospholipids detected; monoacyl-, diacyl-, triacylglycerides, sterols, and sterol esters were the major neutral lipids found. Several unidentified glycolipids were also detected. Glucose and threonine were readily incorporated by the trophozoites, but not into cellular phospholipids or sterols. However, approximately 86% of the glucose incorporated into the trophozoites was found in the nucleic acids, and 38% of the threonine incorporated was detected in the cellular proteins. Small amounts of the glucose and threonine were incorporated into glycolipid-containing fractions. Glycerol and acetate were not appreciably incorporated into trophozoites while glycerol 3-phosphate incorporation was not detected. Cholesterol was readily assimilated by the trophozoites; 98% of the incorporated was found in the sterol fraction. Radiorespirometric data suggest that the major routes of glucose metabolism in G. lamblia are via Embden- Meyerhof-Parnas and pentose phosphate pathways. However, endogenous acetate (as acetyl-CoA) formed during the metabolism of glucose is not used for lipid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that G. lamblia trophozoites are incapable of synthesizing cellular phospholipids or sterols de novo, but rather, utilize lipids already present in the medium. PMID- 6783900 TI - Testicular function in boys after chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Fourteen boys with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who had been treated with combination chemotherapy (prednisone, vincristine, methotrexate, and 6 mercaptopurine) were followed prospectively to assess the effect of this regimen on gonadal function. At the start of therapy, nine patients were prepubertal, four were intrapubertal, and one was sexually mature. The interval between discontinuation of chemotherapy and the most recent endocrine evaluation ranged from two months to 8 1/2 years (median, 5 1/2 years). Throughout the follow-up period, all patients had normal testicular function as determined by Tanner staging at physical examination and by serum gonadotropin and testosterone levels. Semen samples from six patients were unremarkable except for one sperm count that fell in the low-normal range. These results indicate that the administration of antileukemic chemotherapy can be compatible with normal gonadal development. PMID- 6783901 TI - Nutritional support of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6783902 TI - Epidemic typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) in Massachusetts: evidence of infection. PMID- 6783903 TI - Empty sella and Rieger's anomaly. PMID- 6783904 TI - Endorphins and the control of breathing. Ability of naloxone to restore flow resistive load compensation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Since narcotic drugs profoundly depress breathing, we tested whether endogenous opioids influenced control of breathing in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), reasoning that the stress of chronic dyspnea might cause elaboration of "endorphins." In 14 patients with COPD (but without respiratory failure) and eight normal controls, we measured ventilation, mechanical lung function, respiratory sensitivity to carbon dioxide, and the increase in respiratory effort elicited by an increase in resistance to breathing; each measurement was performed before and after administration of the opiate antagonist naloxone. Before naloxone, increased resistance to breathing enhanced respiratory effort in all controls, but seven of 14 patients with COPD had no response. After naloxone, these seven patients had load responses. Furthermore, the respiratory effort elicited by the resistance also increased after the drug was given to the patients who had had a response. These data suggest that endorphin elaboration minimizes the stress of chronic airway obstruction. PMID- 6783905 TI - An occidental case of cardiomyopathy and selenium deficiency. PMID- 6783906 TI - Mycoplasmas as agents of human disease. PMID- 6783907 TI - Coronary-artery spasm immediately after myocardial revascularization: recognition and management. AB - We investigated coronary-artery spasm in six patents who had had unexpected hemodynamic collapse within two hours after cardiopulmonary bypass for myocardial revascularization. All six had profound hypotension and recurrent ST-segment elevation in electrocardiographic Leads II, III, and aVF. All had either normal or noncritical luminal irregularities of dominant right coronary arteries and more than 75 per cent occlusions in the left coronary circulation. Right-coronary artery spasm, which was reversed after intracoronary nitroglycerin, was demonstrated angiographically in one patient; a patent right coronary artery was found at autopsy in another patient. Three patients died despite large intravenous doses of nitroglycerin. Two patients who had been unresponsive to intravenous nitroglycerin recovered after direct infusion of nitroglycerin into the right coronary artery. Coronary-artery spasm immediately after myocardial revascularization may cause circulatory collapse and death; although the spasm may be refractory to usual therapy, it may respond to intracoronary nitroglycerin. PMID- 6783908 TI - Successful treatment of echovirus meningoencephalitis and myositis-fasciitis with intravenous immune globulin therapy in a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6783909 TI - Sounding Boards. Let's not let the genie escape from the bottle--again. PMID- 6783910 TI - Reversal of selenium deficiency with oral selenium. PMID- 6783911 TI - Monoclonal antibodies. A new technique for producing serologic reagents. PMID- 6783912 TI - Heat-stability of peroxidase in mycelia of some toxigenic and nontoxigenic aspergilli and penicillia. AB - Seven-day-old mycelia from 19 cultures of Aspergillus and 12 cultures of Penicillium were heated to 50, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90 or 95 C for no more than 1 min, and tested for residual peroxidase. The peroxidase from all aspergilli survived heating at 50 through 80 C. Peroxidase from toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus ochraceus survived heating at 85 C and often at 90 C, whereas peroxidase from non-toxigenic strains of A. flavus was inactivated at 90 C and markedly reduced in activity at 85 C. Peroxidase from all penicillia survived heating at all temperatures through 80 C, although the activity of several cultures was reduced at 80 C. Peroxidase activity in mycelia of two strains of Penicillium cyclopium and one of Penicillium puberulum failed to survive heating at 85 C. One strain each of Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium viridicatum exhibited some peroxidase activity after heating at 90 C, whereas the peroxidase of all other penicillia was inactivated at this temperature. PMID- 6783913 TI - Fungal contamination and mycotoxin-producing potential of dried beans. AB - A total of 604 samples of about 7 different types of beans was examined to determine their mycological profiles, and suitability for use as solid substrates for mycotoxin production. All of the samples were collected from bean jam makers in Tokyo by the official food examiners. Genera Penicillium and Aspergillus were predominant, and genus Wallemia was also found commonly in all types of beans. Mycotoxin-producing Aspergillus strains were isolated from 52 samples of beans, approximately 9% of the total. The highest incidence of toxigenic Aspergillus (14.1%) was found in kidney beans. Red beans and peas inoculated with Aspergillus ochraceus were found to produce about 7 to 8 times more toxin than was obtained in a liquid medium. and red beans inoculated with A. versicolor produced more toxin than was obtained in yeast extract sucrose broth. Green peas inoculated with Fusarium graminearum produced about 8 times more T-2 toxin than was obtained in 1% peptone containing Czapek solution under comparable culture conditions. PMID- 6783914 TI - Growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus when in the presence of Streptococcus lactis. PMID- 6783915 TI - Survey of aflatoxin-producing fungi in certain fermented foods and beverages in Thailand. AB - Aflatoxin-producing fungi were found in fermented foods and beverages: fermented rice (kaomak), soybean sauce (taotjo), peanut butter, soy sauce (shoyu), Thai red and white wine, and rice sugar wine. These foods were extracted directly and tested for aflatoxins by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four strains of aflatoxin-producing fungi were isolated from peanut butter, taotjo, and shoyu. Direct extracts of 10% of the peanut butters tested and 5% of the kaomak tested contained large amounts of aflatoxins. The HPLC procedures used in this experiment utilized chloroform-ethyl acetate (3:1). PMID- 6783916 TI - Clonidine hydrochloride detoxification from methadone treatments: the value of naltrexone aftercare. PMID- 6783917 TI - Psychotherapy and naltrexone in opioid dependence. PMID- 6783918 TI - Increasing life span; changing disease patterns; changing life styles: the role of government. AB - Much progress has been achieved over the past twenty years in informing the American people of the hazards of cigarette smoking. Over thirty million Americans have quit smoking cigarettes; many have quit as a result of social pressure--cigarette smoking becoming less socially acceptable. The average cigarette has less than half as much tar and less than half as much nicotine as its predecessor cigarettes a quarter century ago. Moreover, most American cigarettes today are filtered. We still do not know why people begin or why they continue to smoke. I would urge the Committee on Problems of Drug Dependence to add tobacco--as you've added alcohol--to your agenda for research, for cooperative studies, and for an annual update. You should examine and speculate upon the reasons why 53,000,000 Americans' dependence on tobacco has attracted so little attention from scientists with knowledge and expertise such as yours. And when you have the answers, I hope you will utilize those answers to attract more research and appropriate action to our number one public health problem and our number one drug dependence problem. PMID- 6783919 TI - Type of pre-treatment income and response to treatment in methadone maintenance. PMID- 6783920 TI - Certain types of substance abuse patients do better in certain kinds of treatments: evidence for patient-program matching. PMID- 6783921 TI - A quantitative evaluation of fetal growth failure in a drug-abusing population. PMID- 6783922 TI - Alcohol tolerance development in humans: tests of the learning hypothesis. PMID- 6783923 TI - The new mixed agonist-antagonist analgesics, nalbuphine and butorphanol, vs. pentazocine: relapse and substitution in morphine-addict rats. PMID- 6783924 TI - Effects of route of administration on methadone disposition in the rat. PMID- 6783925 TI - Androgenic-like effects of morphine in the male rat. PMID- 6783926 TI - Opiate inhibition of sheep erythrocyte binding to T lymphocytes: reversal by naloxone and cyclic nucleotides. PMID- 6783927 TI - Intravenous clonidine self-administration by rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6783928 TI - Comparison of discriminative and reinforcing effects of ketamine and related compounds in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 6783929 TI - A pharmacologic comparison between phencyclidine, its precursor, metabolites, and a quaternary derivative in the dog. PMID- 6783930 TI - Phencyclidine inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. PMID- 6783931 TI - The California registration system for habitues to schedule II drugs. AB - In order to help control abuse and prevent over-prescribing, California has developed triplicate prescriptions for Schedule II narcotics as well as a system for physicians to publicly register patients who are habitues to Schedule II Controlled Substances. A preliminary evaluation indicates that there is under reporting and confusion among physicians about the system, but it has probably helped control Schedule II narcotic abuse in California while not depriving patients of needed treatment. Physicians appear to prescribe Schedule II narcotics for serious medical conditions but may underprescribe narcotics for some chronic pain patients and subject others to potential complications of high, chronic doses or oral narcotics which are combined with salicylate, acetaminophen, or phenacetin. Despite some defects, California's system of triplicate prescriptions and public registration of habitues appears a viable alternative to the removal of abusable, Schedule II drugs from the commercial market. PMID- 6783932 TI - The effects of law enforcement activity on a population of opiate abusers. PMID- 6783933 TI - Governmental control of individual behavior--philosophical and practical considerations. PMID- 6783934 TI - Narcotic addiction: a changing scene? PMID- 6783935 TI - Relative analgesic potency of intramuscular heroin and morphine in cancer patients with postoperative pain and chronic pain due to cancer. AB - Heroin hydrochloride is approximately twice as potent as morphine sulfate, and acts slightly faster but for a shorter duration than morphine. Although patients with chronic pain due to advanced cancer differ from cancer patients with postoperative pain in terms of their degree of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and heroin and their reports of various elements of mood, there is, thus far, no indication that heroin has any unique advantage over morphine in terms of side effect occurrence or effects on mood at equianalgesic doses. Both drugs improve mood provided they are administered in doses which result in analgesia. While there appears to be some slight difference in the spectrum of side effects observed after heroin as compared to morphine, heroin and morphine share the most common side effects. The incidence of side effects following both drugs appear to be highest among those effects which are primarily somatic and undesirable. The use of visual analog scales concurrent with categorical pain and pain relief scores provides a means for the finer estimation of relative analgesic potency and time action. The results of these studies are in general agreement with those of other investigators. Where apparent differences exist they can usually be explained on the bases of differences in methods and subject populations. PMID- 6783936 TI - Human preference comparison of pentobarbital, diazepam, and placebo. PMID- 6783937 TI - Psychophysical profiles differentiate drugs of abuse. AB - Behavioral reaction times and both auditory and visual absolute thresholds were determined in baboons before and after the administration of stimulant and depressant drugs of abuse. Pentobarbital and diazepam increased reaction times and elevated the visual threshold in a dose-dependent manner. Diazepam also raised the auditory threshold though pentobarbital did not. Chlordiazepoxide affected neither sensory thresholds nor reaction times over the same dose range; d-methylamphetamine elevated the visual threshold, but did not elevate the auditory threshold or increase reaction times. PMID- 6783938 TI - Abuse potential of loperamide: adaptation of established evaluative methods to volunteer subjects. PMID- 6783939 TI - Acute tolerance to cocaine in humans. AB - It has been shown that there is a dose-response relationship between blood levels of intravenously injected cocaine and magnitude of evoked heat rate (Javaid et al. 1978). This relationship also holds for inhaled cocaine while plasma levels are increasing, but the cardiovascular effects of the drug dissipate more rapidly than cocaine disappears from the plasma. This suggests that the repeated administration or sustained blood level of cocaine might produce an acute tolerance. Using an intranasal route of administration it is possible to maintain cocaine blood levels for a substantial period of time after heart rate begins to decrease from its peak levels. If an intravenous dose is then administered on top of this preexisting blood level, the effects of this second dose can be compared to the same dose administered to subjects with no preexisting blood level. PMID- 6783940 TI - A study of hospitalized surgical patients on methadone maintenance. PMID- 6783941 TI - Compliance and enforcement programs of the Drug Enforcement Administration. PMID- 6783942 TI - Regulation of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs: the agenda for law reform. PMID- 6783943 TI - Annual report: biological evaluation of compounds for their dependence liability. IV. Drug testing program of the Committee on Problems of Drug, Dependence, Inc. (1980). PMID- 6783944 TI - Annual report: dependence studies of new compounds in the rhesus monkey (1980). PMID- 6783945 TI - Annual report: evaluation of new compounds for opioid activity (1980). PMID- 6783946 TI - Reinforcing properties of buprenorphine: a behavioral analysis. PMID- 6783947 TI - Dopamine and serum prolactin in methadone withdrawal. PMID- 6783948 TI - The generality of benefits from alcohol and drug abuse treatments. PMID- 6783949 TI - A preliminary evaluation of parenting, depression, and violence profiles in methadone-maintained women. PMID- 6783950 TI - Granting dose increases to methadone maintenance patients: effects on symptomatology and drug use. PMID- 6783951 TI - The effect of heroin and naloxone on the growth of neuroblastoma tumors in mice. PMID- 6783952 TI - Quantum chemical studies of the origin of agonist and antagonist activity in 3- and 4-phi piperidines. PMID- 6783953 TI - Comparative studies of the pharmacological effects of the d- and l-isomers of codeine. PMID- 6783954 TI - WHO's response to international drug control treaties. PMID- 6783955 TI - Pharmacologic effects of N-allylnormetazocine (SKF-10047). PMID- 6783956 TI - Clonidine vs. methadone for opiate detoxification: double-blind outpatient trials. PMID- 6783957 TI - Clinical utility of clonidine in opiate withdrawal. PMID- 6783958 TI - Human immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes are deleted or rearranged in lambda producing B cells. AB - We have examined 10 human lambda light-chain-producing B lymphocytes and found that genes for the kappa constant region have been deleted in each. Only one of the 20 possible kappa alleles in these cells has been retained and even this exception is rearranged. In contrast, lambda constant region genes remain in the germ-line configuration in each of the eight kappa light-chain-producing human B lymphocytes examined. Such observations suggest a hierarchy of light-chain-gene rearrangement beginning with kappa and proceeding to lambda. PMID- 6783959 TI - Aberrant rearrangements contribute significantly to the allelic exclusion of immunoglobulin gene expression. AB - A study of the organization of light- and heavy-chain immunoglobulin genes in mouse splenic B cells, spleen-derived hybridomas and plasmacytomas has unequivocally demonstrated that aberrant rearrangements are common during normal B-cell development. The results support a probabilistic model for allelic exclusion of immunoglobulin gene expression. PMID- 6783960 TI - Antibodies, introns and biosynthetic versatility. PMID- 6783961 TI - Identification and nucleotide sequence of a diversity DNA segment (D) of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. AB - A putative diversity segment of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (D segments) has been identified 700 base pairs 5' to JH1 DNA on the germ-line genome of the mouse. This 10-base pair D segment is flanked by two sets of sequences related to (SEE FORMULAR IN TEXT) which are possible recognition sites for a recombinase. The spacer separating the heptamer and the nonamer is 12 base pairs long on both sides of the D segment. As the space separating the two signal sequences in VH DNAs and JH DNAs is 23 +/- 1 base pairs long, the two recombinations required for creation of a complete immunoglobulin VH gene, a VH--D joining and a D--JH joining, follow a 12/23-base pair spacer rule. Allelic exclusion is discussed with respect to D segments. PMID- 6783962 TI - Identification of D segments of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes and their rearrangement in T lymphocytes. AB - The finding that the diversity (D) and joining (JH) but not the variable (VH) DNA segments of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes are joined in the DNA of some cloned cytolytic T cells, led to identification and sequencing of three different D DNA segments. Two segments identified on the embryo DNA carry on both the 5' and 3' sides two sets of characteristic sequences separated by a 12-base pair spacer, which have been implicated as recognition signals for a recombinase. The third segment, identified in a form joined with a JHDNA segment in a T cell, carries the recognition signal on the 5' side. These results support the 12/23 base pair model for somatic generation of immunoglobulin V genes, and rule out the possibility that the cytolytic T cells use assembled VH, D and JH sequences to encode their antigen receptors. PMID- 6783963 TI - Induction of subacute murine measles encephalitis by monoclonal antibody to virus haemagglutinin. AB - Although the events which predispose a host to measles virus persistence remain largely unknown, measles antibody has been shown to contribute to the production of a persistent infection by this virus both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, the addition of measles antibody to cells infected with measles virus promotes virus persistence. Latent measles infection occurs in newborn hamsters with maternally acquired antibody after inoculation with measles virus in the immediate neonatal period. A subacute encephalitis with measles virus persistence has been induced in weanling BALB/c mice that received antibody after virus inoculation and in measles-immune primates infected with a virus derived from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Measles virus consists of six polypeptides, and treatment of measles-infected cells with antibody has been shown to alter the pattern of their synthesis. As the antigenic specificity of the antibody responsible for these observations is not known, we decided to investigate the effects of monoclonal antibodies directed against the individual measles polypeptides. We report here that a monoclonal antibody directed against the virus haemagglutinin, unlike an antibody to the virus nucleocapsid protein, is able to induce a subacute encephalitis in vivo. PMID- 6783964 TI - Prolactin inhibits oestrogen synthesis in the ovary. AB - In 20% of cases of secondary amenorrhoea, hyperprolactinaemia prevents ovulation by impairing normal follicular development, but little is known of the biochemical basis for this effect. Bromocriptine can restore follicular growth and ovulation by inhibiting the release of prolactin from the pituitary. The suckling stimulus causes an increase in prolactin levels, and ovarian follicles fail to develop fully, thus inducing an anovulatory state throughout lactation in many mammals. We report here experiments with cultured granulosa cells which suggest that this contraceptive action of prolactin is due to its ability to interfere with the action of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on the synthesis of oestrogen. PMID- 6783965 TI - Springcleaning ribosomal DNA: a model for multigene evolution? PMID- 6783966 TI - Arrangements and rearrangements of sequences flanking the two types of rDNA insertion in D. melanogaster. PMID- 6783967 TI - Cyclosporin A blocks receptors for HLA-DR antigens on T cells. PMID- 6783968 TI - [Sexually transmitted diseases in female clients of an outpatient clinic for venereal diseases in Utrecht]. PMID- 6783969 TI - [Neurofibromatosis with multiple lateral meningocele (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783970 TI - The importance of osmolality fall and ultrafiltration rate on hemodialysis side effects. Influence of intravenous mannitol. AB - The decreases in serum osmolality as well as the rate of ultrafiltration during hemodialysis and the influence of each upon the side effects of this treatment were studied in 13 chronic stable dialysis patients. Mannitol (9 mosm/kg water) was infused in two out of four dialyses, in a double blind fashion. A solution of 5% glucose in water was used as control. 1 week after the treatment, there was no residual mannitol in the patients' serum (p less than 0.0005). The decrease in osmolality during dialysis was lower when the patients received treatment with mannitol than with placebo: 14.7 versus 25.0 mosm/kg water (p less than 0.001). The symptoms during dialysis were much less severe when the patients received mannitol (p less than 0.05). Analyzed separately, ultrafiltration rate had no effect on severity of symptoms during dialysis (p greater than 0.1). Decrease in serum osmolality during dialysis seems to be the most important factor in the genesis of dialysis symptoms in chronic stable dialysis patients and are counteracted by the infusion of an osmotically active substance such as mannitol, 1 g/kg/dialysis; this results in a slight increase in body weight between dialyses, and cannot be used routinely because of slow accumulation. PMID- 6783971 TI - Improved effect of hemodialysis on acidemic patients from an acetate concentration of 38 mmol/l. AB - A high frequency of metabolic acidosis in a group of 30 patients on regular dialysis treatment initiated a study of the effect (and possible side effects) of a higher concentration of acetate in the dialysate. The concentration of acetate in the dialysate was increased from 32.6 ('low ac') to 38.2 mmol/l ('high ac'). The 'low ac' dialysis treatment changes the metabolic acidoses (mean pH = 7.34; base excess, BEb = - 8.3 mmol/l) to chronic hypocapnia (pH = 7.40; BEb = - 5.4 mmol/l). 'High ac' normalized the acid base status (pH = 7.44; BEb = -0.6 mmol/l). No side effects occurred. Since PaCO2 does not change much during hemodialysis it is convenient to look at the linearly related changes of the pH and the logarithmic standard bicarbonate concentration along iso-PCO2 lines in a log standard bicarbonate-pH-nomogram. PMID- 6783972 TI - [Medical treatment in experimental brain oedema (author's transl)]. PMID- 6783973 TI - Changes in blood plasma osmolality and states of mania. AB - Manic patients were studied systematically over a period of months. Fluctuations in their blood plasma osmolality were observed and these correlated significantly of and inversely with undulations in their mania rating scores. Successful treatment of patients with lithium carbonate was correlated with increasing levels of their plasma osmolality and with a significant remission of mania symptomatology. Animal studies have shown that adaptations to altered blood plasma osmolalities are accompanied by profound metabolic changes in tissues of the central nervous system. A similar relationship is likely to exist in man. We suggest, therefore, than an altered plasma osmolality is linked to changes in manic symptomatology, through osmotically regulated metabolic changes in the central nervous system. PMID- 6783975 TI - Valproic acid serum levels and protection against kindled amygdaloid seizures in the rat. PMID- 6783974 TI - Effects of lesions in the medial basal part of the suprachiasmatic area on prolactin and gonadotropin surges induced by estrogen and progesterone treatment in ovariectomized rats. AB - Bilateral lesions in the medial basal part of the suprachiasmatic area (MBSC) lying immediately rostral to the suprachiasmatic nuclei caused persistent vaginal cornification. Estradiol benzoate (EB) injections induced a surge in serum prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels between 15.00 and 18.00 h in ovariectomized rats bearing sham lesions in the MBSC. The EB-induced surge of LH and FSH release was eliminated in ovariectomized animals with lesions in the MBSC. Serum prolactin levels showed consistently low levels during 24 h 3 out of the 7 lesioned animals and considerable fluctuations but no surge in the remaining 4 animals. Progesterone injections into the EB-treated rats with MBSC lesions did not elicit the marked surge in serum LH and FSH which was observed in sham-lesioned animals. In contrast, the EB-treated rats with MBSC lesions showed a significant rise of serum prolactin levels after progesterone injections, similar to that of sham lesioned animals. These results suggest that MBSC plays an essential role in the neural control of the steroid-induced surges of prolactin and gonadotropin release. PMID- 6783976 TI - Use of blockers and stimulators of prolactin secretion in persistent lactorrhea amenorrhea syndrome. PMID- 6783977 TI - Computed tomography studies on patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 6783978 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency restricted to brain. AB - We studied a child with a rapidly progressive neurologic disorder, with psychomotor retardation, hypotonia, seizures, and respiratory disturbances. Laboratory studied showed elevated levels of lactate and pyruvate in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), without notable elevated levels in serum. In liver, muscle, leukocytes, and cultured fibroblasts we found no abnormality in pyruvate oxidation; biochemical studies of a brain biopsy showed an isolated deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in brain tissue with the morphologic picture of progressive poliodystrophy with hypomyelination. PMID- 6783979 TI - Intravenous valproate: effects on plasma and saliva phenytoin levels. AB - Plasma and saliva phenytoin was evaluated at fixed-time intervals after intravenous (IV) administration of 800 mg valproate in epileptics chronically treated with phenytoin monotherapy. A significant fall in plasma and a concurrent significant increase of the drug in saliva (which reflects the free amount in plasma) were observed, with maximal changes occurring at 30 to 90 minutes after valproate infusion. Present data indicate that valproic acid is able to displace phenytoin from plasma proteins, suggesting a critical evaluation of the routine phenytoin plasma proteins, suggesting a critical evaluation of the routine phenytoin plasma levels (which reflect free + bound fraction) when this drug is administered concurrently with sodium valproate. PMID- 6783980 TI - Human brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of sodium valproate after 72 hours of therapy. AB - Nine neurosurgical patients suffering from a variety of brain tumors were studied. Sodium valproate was given for 3 days before surgery. At craniotomy, sections of brain and samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma were obtained and assayed for sodium valproate concentrations. Brain levels were 6.8 to 27.9% of plasma concentrations, and CSF levels were 7.6 to 25.0% of plasma levels. There was a significant correlation between brain and CSF levels and plasma on Spearman ranking. These results confirm that valproate is not selectively concentrated in brain fractions, and the concentration in brain is related to the free anticonvulsant level in plasma. PMID- 6783981 TI - The role of histocompatibility testing in military medicine: a review. PMID- 6783982 TI - Malaria among the civilian irregular defense group during the Vietnam conflict: an account of a major outbreak. PMID- 6783983 TI - Rational data base gathering in a military family practice residency. PMID- 6783984 TI - An improved model for analysis of the value of mass screening for data base acquisition: application to a military family practice residency. PMID- 6783985 TI - Variceal hemorrhage: a review. PMID- 6783986 TI - Case for diagnosis: Heterotopic gastric mucosa in the rectum. PMID- 6783987 TI - Survey of the development of primary nursing in VA Nursing Service. PMID- 6783988 TI - Communication patterns of disorganized lower socioeconomic families: nursing assessment and intervention. PMID- 6783989 TI - The impact of rickettsial diseases on military operations. PMID- 6783990 TI - Soft palate trauma associated with fellatio: case report. PMID- 6783991 TI - Basic combat trainees who adjusted to the military: a three-year follow-up study. PMID- 6783992 TI - Hearing conservation at Fort Carson. PMID- 6783993 TI - Requirements for modernizing the monitoring system of human biologics. Historic events in the expanding role of human plasma, fractionation, and other areas. PMID- 6783994 TI - Regionalization of medical care in obstetrics and gynecology by the Medical Department of the United States Navy. PMID- 6783996 TI - The Smoking Control Clinic: a follow-up study. PMID- 6783995 TI - Nontraumatic mononeuropathies: a review. PMID- 6783997 TI - A friction blister prevention study in a population of marines. PMID- 6783998 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to paraphenylenediamine in hair dye: case report. PMID- 6783999 TI - Dental treatment requirements of active duty Navy and Marine Corps personnel. PMID- 6784000 TI - The use of ceramics as an implant material in the oral cavity. PMID- 6784001 TI - An unusual Moyamoya syndrome treated with superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis: case report. PMID- 6784002 TI - Recurrence of hemolysis in hereditary spherocytosis: a case due to leukemic infiltration of an accessory spleen. PMID- 6784003 TI - Radiographic presentation of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: case report. PMID- 6784004 TI - Prophylaxis against gonorrhea: is an ounce of prevention worth the cost? PMID- 6784005 TI - Keynote address. 87th annual meeting of AMSUS. PMID- 6784006 TI - What about the Vietnam veteran? PMID- 6784007 TI - The public's debt to military medicine. PMID- 6784009 TI - Neurological manifestations of malignancies. PMID- 6784008 TI - Secretory rate in a pancreatic pseudocyst successfully treated by percutaneous aspiration: case report. PMID- 6784010 TI - The medical consultation--a neglected science. PMID- 6784011 TI - The prevalence of environmentally induced lip pathology among active duty soldiers. PMID- 6784012 TI - The dentist's responsibility in child abuse and neglect. PMID- 6784013 TI - Acute respiratory disease, Fort Gordon, Georgia (1978-1979). PMID- 6784014 TI - Patterns of drinking and AA attendance following alcohol rehabilitation. PMID- 6784015 TI - Podiatric medicine in Britain and the United States: contrasts in development. PMID- 6784017 TI - Outpatient cardiac rehabilitation: a description of the program at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center. PMID- 6784016 TI - Spontaneous cholecystocholedochal fistula: case report. PMID- 6784018 TI - Kidney transplantation at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center. PMID- 6784019 TI - Brain death: a review. PMID- 6784020 TI - Twenty-four hour telephone triage: an expedient to ambulatory child care. PMID- 6784021 TI - Surgical aspects of transvenous endocardial pacemaker. PMID- 6784022 TI - A clinical trial of antihistamine, decongestant, or placebo in antibiotic-treated acute otitis media followed with pneumatic otoscopy and impedance tympanometry. PMID- 6784023 TI - Military requirements for dental identification of human remains. PMID- 6784024 TI - Analysis of dental casualties in prolonged field training exercises. PMID- 6784025 TI - Blood transfusion and identification packet for mass casualty use. PMID- 6784026 TI - Serum myoglobin levels associated with severe exercise. PMID- 6784027 TI - Brain asymmetry predicts suicide among navy alcohol abusers. PMID- 6784028 TI - Diagnosis of blastomycosis by transbronchial lung biopsy: case report. PMID- 6784029 TI - Unilateral renal hematoma: case report of an unusual complication of coumarin therapy. PMID- 6784030 TI - An innovative family practice model at Fort Hood, Texas. PMID- 6784031 TI - Case for diagnosis. Primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6784032 TI - Outpatient lateral internal subcutaneous sphincterotomy: a safe and effective procedure. PMID- 6784033 TI - A simplified esophageal dilator. PMID- 6784034 TI - [Tube feeding: an old technique with a new method]. AB - The total parenteral nutrition (T.P.N.) in now largely adopted, often in no strictly cogent indications. The Authors outline the wellknown advantages of enteral nutrition. To overcome the frequent episodes of intolerance in tube feeding, they list the rules followed in preparing diets, strictly balanced from the caloric point of view, using lyophilized natural elements of wellknown composition. Their results seem to confirm the value of the technique. PMID- 6784035 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate in the treatment of postoperative pain in obstetric and gynecological surgery]. AB - The analgesic activity of acetylsalicylate of lysine (ASL) was evaluated in postoperative pain. Acetylsalicylate of lysine was administered i.v. to 345 patients submitted to obstetrical and gynaecological surgery. Excellent results were obtained in 77.4% of the cases and no severe side-effects were observed. PMID- 6784036 TI - [Pseudo-angina pectoris and acute formation of an esophageal diverticulum. Description of 2 cases]. AB - After a short introduction aiming at outlining the etiopathogenesis of fore thorax acute pain occurring in quite healthy individuals, the authors describe two cases of individuals who complained of retrosternal pains to be related, in their opinion, to acute neoformation of a diverticulum of the esophagus. The Authors conclude by remarking how such newly formed diverticulum of the esophagus is to be included among the etiopathogenetic causes of both fore and back thoracic pains and they underline the necessity of an X-ray examination of the esophagus on subjects where the cause of acute thoracic pain in uncertain. PMID- 6784037 TI - [Prolactin secretion in patients with essential obesity]. AB - 17 women affected by essential obesity were examined, 9 of whom had become obese as adults (group A) and 8 had been obese since childhood (group B). In group A, fasting and after TRH, the PRL presented higher plasmatic levels than those found in the controls. In group B the hormone showed basal values and global secretory areas higher than those observed in the controls and in group A, while incremental areas did not result different from those found in the other groups examined. In no case did IRI, GH and glycaemia undergo changes in relation to TRH. In conclusion we think that the behaviour of prolactin can be an important physiopathological characteristic, expression of the different neuroendocrine hypothalamic homeostasis existent in the heterogeneous obese population. PMID- 6784038 TI - [Amyloidosis in a mixed pattern. Sensitivity to colchicine and melphalan]. AB - The Authors describe a case of systemic amyloidosis with hepatic renal, intestinal and presumably cardiac involvement in the course of multiple myeloma (light K chain type). Notwithstanding the presumptions of the pathogenesis of amyloidosis and the capacity of colchicine to inhibit amyloid synthesis in rats treated with casein, the form in question derived little benefit from the association of colchicine (0.5 mg t.i.d.) and Melphalan (cycles of 4 days every 6 weeks - 0.25 mg/Kg/die). PMID- 6784039 TI - [Bladder tumors]. PMID- 6784040 TI - Meningococcal infections-research and basis for control measures in Norway. A summarizing discussion of main topics from a symposium held on 29 April 1980 in Oslo. PMID- 6784041 TI - Meningococcal disease in the Norwegian Armed Forces 1967-1979. Some epidemiological aspects. AB - The epidemiology of meningococcal disease in the Norwegian Armed Forces has been studied for the years 1974-79 and compared with the situation in the years 1967 73. The clustering of cases was examined with special reference to vaccination. The annual incidence rate increased from 24 to 43 cases per 100,000 men. However, this is only half the relative total increase in Norway in the same period. When 1975-79 figures were weighted according to the military age distribution, the combined rate for conscripts was four times the civilian rate. The weekly risk during the three month recruit training was three to ten times greater than later on. A malignancy change was demonstrated by a fourfold increase in the proportion of septicaemia and a fivefold increase in the case fatality. PMID- 6784042 TI - Virulence factors in meningococci. AB - It is well established that meningococcus strains vary in virulence from non invasive to highly invasive. This review, based on the literature, presents some of the characteristics of the bacteria that may be of importance for their virulence. It is assumed that factors such as production of an IgA1-protease or the ability to attach to the nasopharyngeal epithelial cells contribute to the virulence of the bacteria. The true role of the lipopolysaccharide for the virulence is not clear, but this substance is obviously of great importance in the pathogenesis of the disease caused by virulent strains. Encapsulated meningococci possess antiphagocytic surface factors that may contribute to their virulence. Such characteristics, which provide the bacteria with the ability to resist the bactericidal action of humoral serum factors, are believed to be the major factors determining virulence. Capsular material together with the serotype protein, or a co-variant protein, are essential in endowing the bacteria with resistance to the killing effect of serum factors. PMID- 6784043 TI - Release of endotoxin from Neisseria meningitidis. A short survey with a preliminary report on virulence in mice. AB - Gram-negative bacteria release various amounts of cell wall fragments containing endotoxin into the surroundings. The authors demonstrated that liberation of endotoxin from Neisseria meningitidis during growth varied with strain and growth conditions and was dependent on whether the strains released large quantities of cell wall fragments into the medium or not. The ability to liberate endotoxin could be lost upon subcultivation and was associated with certain traits. The experiments indicated that short-lasting therapy with a penicillin dose big enough to give a rapid bactericidal effect increased the release of free, filtrable endotoxin from endotoxin liberating meningococci, but not from a non liberating variant. This effect was not found when the meningococci were treated with chloramphenicol. The endotoxin liberating meningococcal strains were more virulent for mice than the non-liberating variants, indicating that the tendency to liberate cell wall fragments containing endotoxin may be a factor in the pathogenesis of meningococcal disease in mice. PMID- 6784044 TI - Effect of atmosphere of incubation on the growth of Neisseria meningitidis in a blood culture medium. AB - Seven strains of Neisseria meningitidis have been grown in a commercial blood culture medium (supplemented peptone broth, Beckton-Dickinson) under five different atmospheric conditions (anaerobic, transiently vented, permanently vented in air, in 5% CO2 in air, and in air with agitation). Macroscopic evaluation was not a quick and reliable method to discover growth with this medium. With transient venting and under anaerobic conditions macroscopic growth was not detected at all and a loss in viability was observed. It is therefore recommended that frequent subcultures should be performed if meningococcal bacteraemia is suspected. Preliminary data indicate that agitation in air induces a more rapid growth than stationary incubation. PMID- 6784045 TI - Review of meningococcal vaccines with emphasis on possible immunoprophylaxis of group B disease. PMID- 6784046 TI - Sympathectomy does not alter the response of carotid chemoreceptors to hypoxemia during carboxyhemoglobinemia or anemia. AB - We tested the effects of section of the sympathetic innervation to the carotid body on the responses of single carotid chemoreceptor fibers to carboxyhemoglobinemia (40-50%) and anemia (15-20% Hct) at various levels of paO2 (range: 20-450 Torr). Sympathectomy had virtually no effect on the steady-state response curves of carotid chemoreceptors to O2, either in normal cats or in those with reduced oxygen transport due to anemia or carboxyhemoglobinemia. PMID- 6784047 TI - Carnitine biosynthesis in rat and man: tissue specificity. PMID- 6784048 TI - Grow professionally in a growing field as a nutritional support nurse. PMID- 6784049 TI - Study of reasons for cessation of therapy with perhexiline maleate, sodium valproate and labetalol in the intensified adverse reaction reporting scheme. AB - A questionnaire was distributed to doctors requesting reasons for cessation of therapy in patients on three drugs being intensively monitored. Adverse events were given as the reason in 20 percent of patients stopping treatment with perhexiline, 15 percent with sodium valproate and 43 percent with labetalol. These adverse events are listed and compared with those reported spontaneously to the medical assessor for the same period. Deaths reported do not appear to be drug related. Enquiry concerning reasons for cessation of therapy would appear to be a useful adjunct to spontaneous reporting of adverse events for drugs being monitored intensively. The number of additional adverse events derived from the questionnaires approximately equalled those from spontaneous reporting. PMID- 6784050 TI - The use of epsilon aminocaproic acid as an adjunct to replacement therapy in hemophiliacs undergoing tooth extraction (part II). PMID- 6784051 TI - [Special treatment of difficult endodontic cases]. PMID- 6784052 TI - [Incidence of physiologic pigmentation of the oral mucosa]. PMID- 6784053 TI - [Goals and criteria of success of periodontal therapy]. PMID- 6784054 TI - [Crown margins and problems affecting the periodontium]. PMID- 6784055 TI - [Blood diseases and dental surgery]. PMID- 6784056 TI - [An in vitro research on the antiseptic effect of an aqueous solution of parachlorophenol]. PMID- 6784057 TI - [Prevention and control of microbial plaque formation by chemical and biological methods]. PMID- 6784058 TI - [Carabelli's cusp frequency in Greeks]. PMID- 6784059 TI - [Distant metastasis of intensively treated bladder carcinomas]. AB - The successful cure of the local tumour in the urinary bladder with the combination of surgical treatment and hard-ray-therapy prevents in many patients the development of local complications- uremia and anaemia, which were in former time responsible for dead. The prolongated survival time makes convenient the clinical appearance of the latent metastatic formation of the urinary bladder carcinomas by blood and lymph nodes. Here are shown connections between the local growth of the tumour, histological type, kind and frequency of the metastasis. By means of the diagnosis of such tumour diseases we have the possibility of the opportune use for palliative treatment. PMID- 6784060 TI - [Mitoxantrone HCl (1,4-dihydroxy-4, 8-bis[[2-(hydroxyethyl)-amino-ethyl)]amino 9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (NSC 301739) - a new cytostatic]. PMID- 6784061 TI - The effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis. AB - In order to determine whether 13-cis-retinoic acid, an analog of vitamin A, has antitumor activity in an oral cancer model system, the following study was undertaken. Fifty-three adult hamsters were divided into four groups. Group 1 was tested with a 0.5 percent solution of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) in heavy mineral oil, which was painted on the right buccal pouch three times per week for 12 weeks. Group 2 received DMBA plus 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA) incorporated into gelatinized beadlets and mixed with a powdered commercial diet (dosage, 300 mg per kilogram of diet). Group 3 received only RA; Group 4 received a placebo. The animals were killed at 6, 12, and 18 weeks and tissues were studied clinically and histologically in a routine manner. Results show that all groups receiving DMBA developed epidermoid carcinomas. However, there were several other changes. In the RA-treated animals, particularly those treated with DMBA, there was an ingrowth of surface epithelium with development of ductal structures in the buccal pouch. There were changes in surface epithelium, and there were dense aggregates of lymphoid tissue with development of exophytic nodules suggestive of lymphoma. Animals fed RA showed a relative weight loss. The findings suggest that there was a hypervitaminosis A state yielding prominent epithelial metaplastic changes but not affecting the progression or production of carcinoma. PMID- 6784062 TI - [Therapy of immuninhibitor hemophilia A with FEIBA plasma fraction]. PMID- 6784063 TI - [Selective capnography through a bronchoscope. A possibility for the functional examination of individual lung segments]. PMID- 6784064 TI - [Lipoic acid therapy in chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6784065 TI - Self-retaining nasal retractor. PMID- 6784066 TI - The bookend nasal septal splint. AB - A malleable nasal septal splint is presented. Its purpose is to hold the septum in the midline, and to depress the floor of the inlet over the premaxillary wings. Blunting of the nasal valves is avoided. This appliance can be both firmly seated and well tolerated, since its pedestals can be curved up laterally within the lateral crura. Additional splints can be threaded onto the first one to reach high posterior synechiae. A useful modification is provided to support nasal bones when nasal packing must be avoided. PMID- 6784067 TI - Management of the draining open mastoid cavity. AB - Deafness, discharge, dizziness, and dependency partially define the discomforts of the patient with an open draining mastoid cavity. The open mastoid cavity remains a problem for some patients despite visits to numerous otolaryngologists. This report is based on outpatient and surgical management of more than 300 open draining mastoid cavities. PMID- 6784068 TI - Observations on optokinetic nystagmus in patients with congenital nystagmus. AB - Nystagmus responses to horizontal optokinetic stimuli are studied in 15 patients with congenital nystagmus (CN). Varying waveforms of CN designed to prolong foveation are evident. Pendular, jerk, and inverted responses are recorded alone and in combination. As in acquired brain disease, flat and asymmetric optokinetic responses occur, but in the study group other features of CN are also invariably present, especially inversion. Optokinetic inversion may be confined to CN. PMID- 6784069 TI - Brain stem response evoked by electrical stimulation of the round window of the guinea pig. AB - The wave that is believed to correspond to wave V in man is an appropriate indicator of auditory nerve excitability because it is not contaminated by nonauditory neurogenic responses to electrical stimulation. The responses to direct electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve could be distinguished from the electrophonic response by the steep input-output function and constant latency of the former. Myogenic responses are prominent unless a muscle relaxant is administered. PMID- 6784070 TI - Effect of site of stimulation on the guinea pig's electrically evoked brain stem response. AB - Stimulation by a bipolar modiolus electrode yields a wider dynamic range than does monopolar stimulation at the same site. Stimulation via a single electrode in the scala tympani or scala vestibuli is characterized by a precipitous input output function, but current passing from one scala to the other generates a discontinuous function with a shallow slope at low intensities and a steep slope at high intensities. PMID- 6784071 TI - Middle latency electric auditory responses in patients with acoustic neuroma. AB - Simultaneous evaluation of auditory brain stem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) in groups of adult subjects with normal hearing, sensorineural hearing loss, and internal auditory canal (IAC) and cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumors was carried out. Middle latency response delays similar to those described for ABR are seen in patients with IAC and CPA tumors, and such abnormalities are not seen in patients with sensorineural hearing loss from other causes. In comparison with the ABR in tumor patients, the MLR can be evoked more often but the percentage of false negative responses (based on peak latency values) is higher. Using a compound stimulus strengthens the test by allowing examination of more peaks. PMID- 6784072 TI - Antigenicity of tympano-ossicular homografts of the middle ear: analyses of immune response to viable and preserved grafts in animal models. AB - Primary and secondary response transplantation experiments in allograft tympanoplasty reveal that after various preservation procedures at least part of the original histoincompatibility between donor and recipient still exists. Clinical pathologic data are in accordance with this phenomenon. The abolished immune reactivity in successful allograft-tympanoplasty is placed in the light of acquired immunotolerance. The consequences of prior tissue-typing are discussed. PMID- 6784073 TI - Xeroradiography in revisional septorhinoplasty. AB - Because of the continuing increase in the popularity of cosmetic nasal surgery, the revision of previous augmented septorhinoplasties has become more common. With the use of autogenous grafts and the popularization of several synthetic implant materials, a correct preoperative evaluation of the augmented nasal dorsum has become more difficult. Several such patients were examined using conventional soft tissue roentgenograms and xerograms. The latter method produced an improved image of the nasal skeleton when compared with the conventional soft tissue examination. The support for this conclusion is provided by clinical photographs, x-rays films, and xerograms of illustrative cases. PMID- 6784074 TI - Secretory innervation of the parotid gland. AB - The reported failures of Jacobson-nerve resection to eliminate parotid secretion in clinical cases suggest that alternative secretory routes to the parotid gland exist. By stimulating the inferior salivatory nucleus and successively transecting suspected pathways, it was found that only the facial nerve trunk carries accessory efferent fibers to the gland in the cat. No efferent fibers were found in the chorda tympani, but afferent fibers of the salivary reflex arc are provided by this nerve. PMID- 6784075 TI - The effect of tonsillectomy on impedance audiometry. AB - In an experimental group of 22 patients undergoing elective tonsillectomies and having normal preoperative middle ear function, there is a significant development of abnormal tympanogram types, loss of crossed acoustic reflexes, and decrease in middle ear compliance on the first postoperative day when compared to a control group. Postoperative recovery of middle ear function begins at one week and is usually completed by one month. The loss of acoustic reflexes occurs in those patients with extreme changes in compliance and abnormal tympanogram types. The authors postulate that these changes in middle ear function in the immediate posttonsillectomy period might be due to the surgical disturbance of the peritubal lymphatic drainage, causing engorgement of the tympanic and tubular mucosa; and to abnormal swallowing with impaired coordination of the nasopharyngeal and tubal musculature. These data are helpful in investigating the tonsillar effect on middle ear function and disease. PMID- 6784076 TI - Quantification of standards for length-of-stay based upon optimal patient care and standard medical practice. AB - Length-of-stay criteria are being developed by the Allegheny Professional Standards Review Organization (APSRO) in western Pennsylvania. In order to statistically document the standard of practice at the Eye and Ear Hospital of Pittsburgh, a retrospective review of patients who underwent laryngectomy with or without radical neck dissection was performed. Results demonstrated that routinely allowing only one day preoperative assessment deviates significantly from optimal medical practice and may place some patients at increased risk, especially for postoperative complications. From a cost-effective health care delivery point of view, abbreviated preoperative preparation contributes negatively to postoperative length-of-stay which was the most costly component of hospital health care for this group of patients. The development of appropriate standards of medical practice criteria using preexisting HEW mechanisms and scientifically designed prospective studies should be encouraged. PMID- 6784077 TI - Papillary adenocarcinoma in ectopic thyroid. AB - A single case of papillary adenocarcinoma of median ectopic thyroid is presented. There have been 96 other similar cases reported in the English literature. Since the tumor rarely involves the cervical lymphatics or thyroid gland in the absence of a palpable mass, local excision with the Sistrunk procedure is the recommended therapy. Suppression doses of thyroid hormone may be of benefit. PMID- 6784078 TI - The midline vertical forehead flap. AB - The midline vertical forehead flap is an unheralded flap that has valuable and specific application. It is ideal for certain reconstructions around the nose, orbit, and upper melonasal regions. The color match is excellent. The donor area is repaired per primum and because there is a double blood supply it rarely fails when nondelayed and rotated 180 degrees. PMID- 6784079 TI - The razor dermatome--shaving time and expense from skin grafting. PMID- 6784080 TI - Nasopharyngeal irradiation treatment of hyperplastic adenoids. AB - Radiotherapy treatment in childhood is an important cause of thyroid cancer. In the 1930 to 1950 era, radium irradiation of the nasopharynx was used to control hyperplastic adenoids. Because of the technical characteristics of this applicator, sufficient radiation was not applied to the thyroid by this technique to stimulate the development of thyroid malignancies. No malignancies have been reported thus far as a result of this treatment. PMID- 6784081 TI - The anatomic location of neck metastasis from occult squamous cell carcinoma. AB - It has been axiomatic among head and neck surgeons that open biopsy of cervical nodes will jeopardize patients having squamous cell carcinoma. The inappropriate biopsy of a squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to a cervical node will statistically double both the subsequent rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis. There is no reliable method to clearly distinguish a cervical node involved with squamous cell carcinoma from adenopathy of other sources. Because of this, all patients with cervical adenopathy are evaluated with the time honored approach of careful visualization and palpation of the upper aerodigestive tract prior to open biopsy. The extent of this evaluation is often judgmental. A review of patients with cervical adenopathy of unknown origin and who had a tissue diagnosis, shows that node location is the most helpful parameter for predicting eventual histopathology. Nodes in the jugulodigastric, digestive, and anterior cervical regions have a probability of 19% and 12%, respectively, of being a squamous cell carcinoma. Multiple adenopathies in the supraclavicular and posterior cervical areas are frequently malignant (84% and 61% respectively), however, these are usually either lymphoma or infraclavicular metastasis. PMID- 6784082 TI - Diagnostic value of fine needle aspiration biopsy in neoplasms of the head and neck. AB - In this paper, the cytologic findings of 90 aspirates obtained by the fine needle aspiration technique from head and neck masses are compared with the histology of the permanent section. The overall concurrence rate between cytologic and histologic findings for benign and malignant tumors is 80%. There is a 6.6% false negative rate. There are no false positive results. Fine needle aspiration biopsy is found to be safe, complication free, and most helpful in treatment planning. PMID- 6784083 TI - Prediction of lymph node metastases by lymphoscintigraphy of the neck after peri cancer injection of a radiocolloid. AB - Radionuclide imaging is used to evaluate the status of neck nodes preoperatively in small group of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. An area adjacent to the carcinoma, and a similar area on the opposite side of the oral cavity, are injected with Technetium (Tc) 99m labeled sulfur minicolloid. Differences in imaging intensity between both sides of the neck is used to predict the presence of metastases. Neck dissection confirms the histologic status of the nodes. The scan correctly predicts the presence of metastases in 100% (2/2) of patients with palpable nodes, and the absence of metastases in 75% (3/4) of patients with clinically tested negative necks. PMID- 6784084 TI - The anatomy of congenital choanal atresia. AB - Congenital choanal atresia is rare. Previous literature has dealt with the diagnosis and management of these patients, but there are no reports that accurately describe the nature of the deformity. This is a presentation of two patients with tomographic demonstration of the abnormality which confirms the surgical descriptions of previous authors. These abnormalities are (1) narrowing of the entire nasal chamber, (2) primary bony obstruction with an area of membranous obstruction, and (3) gross deformity of the vomer. PMID- 6784085 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of a ganglioneuroma and a neurilemmoma of the vagus nerve: a case report. PMID- 6784086 TI - Parapharyngeal schwannomas. AB - Schwannomas of the parapharyngeal space are rare benign tumors arising from nerves located in the parapharyngeal space. Most of them occur as a mass behind the ascending ramus of the mandible, and bimanual palpation is important in ascertaining their exact location. The anatomy of the parapharyngeal space is described in detail. Treatment of these tumors is surgical through an external neck approach. A combined neurosurgical approach is indicated for tumors extending intracranially. Four cases of parapharyngeal schwannomas are added to the world literature (114 reported), with one extending intracranially through the jugular foramen. PMID- 6784087 TI - Voice restoration of the total laryngectomy patient: the Singer-Blom technique. AB - In 1979 Singer and Blom described an endoscopic technique of vocal rehabilitation of the total laryngectomy patient. We have used this technique in 26 patients. Fluent speech developed in 24 patients. Four patients inadvertently had the devices used in this technique fall out of the fistula with subsequent closure. They will need repuncture. Two patients who had excellent speech voluntarily removed their devices. One transient case of aspiration responded to silver nitrate cautery of the fistula and placement of a new device. We believe that at the present time this is the surgical procedure of choice to vocally rehabilitate the total laryngectomy patient. PMID- 6784088 TI - Combined therapy vs curative radiation in the treatment of pyriform sinus carcinoma. AB - An attempt has been made to compare the long-term results using preoperative radiation and surgery with radiation therapy alone in the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. There is a 33% survival for the combined therapy group and a 6% survival for the curative radiation group. Large primary lesions and the presence of cervical adenopathy portend a grave prognosis. The various surgical procedures used are presented with the extent of the primary lesion as the determining factor. PMID- 6784089 TI - CO2 laser repair of subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis. AB - This study uses seven large adult canines. Microendoscopic forceps and electrocautery excisions of subglottic and upper tracheal mucosa, perichondrium, and cartilage results in stenoses in all animals. Four partial lesions are created in the upper trachea, and three complete stenoses occur in the subglottic region. Five of the animals require permanent tracheostomy. Three months later six animals have excisions with the CO2 laser, and one animal with upper tracheal stenosis is a control. After three months follow-up, two of the canines with upper tracheal stenosis show a slightly improved airway and one remains the same as preexcision. All three animals with subglottic lesions redevelop complete stenosis. PMID- 6784090 TI - Postoperative and follow-up studies of spastic dysphonia patients treated by recurrent laryngeal nerve section. AB - Long-term results of surgical treatment of spastic dysphonia by RLN section are evaluated by means of perceptual psychophysical scaling and by the patients themselves. It is found that a significant reduction in spastic dysphonia symptoms occurs as a result of surgery, and that these results are maintained after long-term follow-up in the majority of patients. These experimental observations are in agreement with the subjective assessment of postsurgical communication by the patients involved in the study. PMID- 6784091 TI - Isolation of a phosphorylcholine-containing component from the turbot tapeworm, Bothriocephalus scorpii (Muller), and its reaction with C-reactive protein. AB - A fraction isolated by electrofocusing (pI 4.2) from a saline extract of the turbot parasite, Bothriocephalus scorpii, contained choline and precipitated with a teleost C-reactive protein (CRP) and a phosphorylcholine-binding Balb/c mouse myeloma protein, TEPC-15. Non-dialysable products released from cultured tapeworms also precipitated with the phosphorylcholine-specific precipitins. Ca2+ was required for precipitation with CRP and immunodiffusion lines were confluent with pneumococcal C-polysaccharide and a fungal C substance. Intradermal injection of the phosphorylcholine-containing fraction caused an immediate erythema reaction in all mature turbot tested. The skin reaction is though to be related to the amount of circulating CRP and this protein was present in sera fro all nature turbot giving a positive skin response. There is no evidence for CRP being toxic to the tapeworms and the possibility is discussed that the worms exploit the host CRP for their own survival. PMID- 6784092 TI - [Results of exposure to synthetic insect development inhibitors in Psoroptes cuniculi (Psoroptidae) mites]. AB - Results of the effect of synthetic analogs of juvenile hormones of insects, dimiline, altozide and altozare, on the mite P. cuniculi have been shown. It has been noted that repeated coverings of mites in Petri dishes and rabbits' skin with 0.005--5% emulsions of altozide, 0.005--10% emulsions of altozare and 0.25- 8% suspensions of dimiline cause no changes in their morphology and metamorphosis. 1--4% emulsions of altozide and altozare and 2--8% suspensions of dimiline have been found to have an acaricide effect and cause 100 per cent mortality of mites within 48 hours. PMID- 6784093 TI - Antibacterial activity of five cephalosporins. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 7 commonly isolated species of bacteria to cephalothin, cefoxitin, and 3 new cephalosporins--cephamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoperazone--were studied using an agar dilution method. Cephalothin and cephamandole were the most active agents against staphylococci. Against members of the Enterobacteriaceae all the newer agents were more active than cephalothin; however, important individual differences emerged. Only cefoperazone had significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6784094 TI - [Effect of 2 different carcinogens used separately and in combination on the liver carcinogenesis in rodents]. PMID- 6784095 TI - Development of hypervitaminosis A in a patient on long-term parenteral hyperalimentation. AB - A four and one-half year old boy with intestinal pseudo-obstruction who had been maintained on parenteral hyperalimentation for one year developed classical signs of hypervitaminosis A. This diagnosis was confirmed radiographically; serum vitamin A levels were five times normal. The patient had a dramatic response to withdrawal of vitamin A from the hyperalimentation fluid. PMID- 6784096 TI - Effect of jaundice phototherapy on intestinal mucosal bilirubin concentration and lactase activity in the congenitally jaundiced Gunn Rat. AB - The effect of phototherapy on intestinal mucosal bilirubin concentration and lactase activity in the Gunn rat was studied. Ten groups of six or seven animals each were studied. Heterozygous (Jj) and homozygous (jj) animals were given 24, 48, or 72 hr of continuous phototherapy, and Jj and jj animals were given 24- and 48-hr sham control treatments. Phototherapy reduced serum bilirubin concentration by 53% at 24 hr, 59% at 48 hr and 68% at 72 hr. The mucosal concentration of bilirubin appeared to parallel the declining serum concentration and was lower in treated than in control jj animals. The jejunal and ileal lactase activity, expressed per mg protein, was not depressed by phototherapy. The lactase activity of jejunum and of ileum of treated jj as compared to treated Jj and control jj at 24 and 48 hr and as compared to treated Jj at 72 hr was never reduced; i.e., jejunal lactase activity in jj treated for 72 hr was 15.1 +/- 4.2 (-x +/- S.D.) units/g protein as compared to 16.2 +/- 4.2 for Jj treated for 72 hr and 12.0 +/- 4.2 for jj 48-hr control animals. The ratio of lactase to sucrase activity demonstrated a significant increase in lactase activity relative to sucrase in all animals treated for 48 or 72 hr. This latter effect is potentially due to alteration in the circadian rhythm while under constant irradiance. These data convincingly demonstrate that the Gunn rat does not develop lactase deficiency consequent to phototherapy. PMID- 6784097 TI - Hypoxic ventilatory response in the newborn monkey. AB - The hypoxic ventilatory response was determined in twelve unanesthetized newborn monkeys, Macaca nemestrina. Measurements of blood gases and ventilation were made during normoxia and hypoxia at the postnatal ages of 2, 7, and 21 days. Data were collected during quiet sleep. The infant monkey demonstrated a definite but transient hyperventilatory response following exposure to a FiO2 of 0.12 or 0.14 on the second day of life. Baseline ventilation increased 15% (Fi02=0.14) and 28% (Fi02=0.12) after 1 minute of hypoxia; p less than 0.05 in both instances. Return to baseline ventilation occurred between 3 and 5 minutes after hypoxic stimulus onset. This biphasic response to hypoxia converted to an adult-like, sustained hyperventilation during the ensuing three weeks of postnatal maturation. Episodes of periodic breathing and/or apnea were noted to occur during the induced hypoxemia. These data demonstrate that the infant subhuman primate has a ventilatory response to hypoxia that is similar to that of the human infant and is an excellent model for the study of the maturation of the respiratory control system. PMID- 6784099 TI - Short communication: neurofibromatosis fibroblasts: slow growth and abnormal morphology. AB - We hypothesized that skin fibroblasts from patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) may have abnormalities of growth in tissue culture to correlate with the clinical abnormalities of overgrowth and malignancy seen in this disease. Using five lines of NF cells, age- and passage-matched to normal controls, we found that NF fibroblasts grew more slowly and stopped growing at a lower population density than normal cells (P less than 0.0005). The same cells also incorporated [3H]thymidine at a lower rate than normal skin fibroblasts (9,330 +/- 3,240 versus 42,100 +/- 6,840; P less than 0.01). The addition of epidermal growth factor to the medium stimulated the growth of both the normal and the NF fibroblasts; however, the stimulation of the NF fibroblasts was inadequate to fully correct the slow growth rate (P less than 0.025). NF cells (N = 5) were found to be morphologically different from normal skin fibroblasts (N = 5) in culture by light microscopy. NF cells were larger (approximately 9 X 10(4) X 2 X 10(4) versus 2 X 10(4) X 2 X 10(4) A), pleomorphic, and failed to form confluent monolayers when growth ceased. Speculation These data indicate that there may be an underlying abnormality of growth regulation in neurofibromatosis. The slow growth of neurofibromatosis fibroblasts, and their diminished response to epidermal growth factor, provides a means for studying the growth abnormality of neurofibromatosis in tissue culture. In addition, the expression of this abnormality may serve as a marker for the disease. PMID- 6784098 TI - Trace element studies in three patients and a fetus with Menkes' disease. Effect of copper therapy. AB - This paper reports the results of a multielement analysis of postmortem samples of Menkes patients, of which one was untreated and two had been treated for various lengths of time with intramuscular injections of copper-EDTA. The findings have been compared with data from a Menkes fetus and from controls. The results confirm that copper accumulates in various tissues and demonstrate a further increase in copper levels as a result of the treatment with copper-EDTA. Although no clinical improvement was observed, the levels of some copper containing enzymes normalized during the copper-therapy. Furthermore, in agreement with the identification of the copper-binding protein in the kidney as metallothionein, it was found that not only copper, but also zinc, cadmium, and mercury are trapped in this tissue. A low copper concentration in the brain was also found in a Menkes fetus, indicating that brain damage might already have occurred before birth. Speculation Until recently, Menkes' disease was considered to be due to copper deficiency. However, the symptoms are more typical of a storage disease in which copper is irreversibly trapped in some tissues, in particular in the kidneys, by metallothionein. This abnormal storage pattern gives rise to copper deficiency elsewhere in the organism, particularly in the brain where it may cause irreversible damage in the foetus. Parenteral administration of copper does not lead to clinical improvement. The only "therapy" that seems feasible at present is tracing the carriers of the disease and advising abortion when prenatal diagnosis indicates a male fetus carrying the disease. PMID- 6784100 TI - [Indices of the activity of the oxidative-reductive processes in the period of adaptation of newborn infants born in asphyxia]. PMID- 6784101 TI - [External respiration and gas exchange in newborn infants during feeding]. PMID- 6784102 TI - Mixed mononuclear cell cultures do not elaborate factor VIII. PMID- 6784103 TI - [Use of intravenous phenytoin in treatment of partial status epilepticus (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-two patients with partial status epilepticus were treated with phenytoin (DPH) intravenously (mean daily dose: 18,6 +/- 7,3 mg/kg). Benzodiazepines had been administered unsuccessfully in 18 cases before DPH. Seizures were stopped in 14 cases (less than 2 hours after the end of the initial dose in 13 cases). Failures were usually encountered in patients with severe brain damages. Adverse effects were observed in two patients: choreo-athetosic movements in one case with DPH plasma levels lower than 15 mg/l, cerebellar signs in the second patient whose DPH plasma level was 28 mg/l. As previously suggested by Cranford and al., the authors recommend a single slow intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg (at a rate not exceeding 1 mg/kg/mn). The determination of DPH plasma concentrations demonstrated that with this procedure effective plasma levels are obtained during the 24 hours following the IV injection. In case of failure or of adverse effects determination of DPH plasma levels may be useful for adjusting the daily DPH dose. PMID- 6784104 TI - [Ovarian hyperstimulation and its prevention]. PMID- 6784105 TI - [Rickets in a child due to the combination of phenobarbital and valproic acid]. PMID- 6784106 TI - [Incidence of infectious diseases in general practice. Results of a survey conducted in 1979 (author's transl)]. AB - In 1979, a sample survey was conducted among 53 general practitioners to determine the incidence of infectious diseases in general medical practice. The survey showed that 45% of the patients seen by these doctors were suffering from an infection, that 53% of these (i.e. 24% of all patients) were treated with antibiotics and that G.P.'s play an important role in preventive medicine. These results might exert a useful influence on the teaching of infectious diseases to medical students and physicians. PMID- 6784107 TI - [Drugs modifying preload and/or afterload in patients with post-infarct circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6784108 TI - Glycoconjugates of normal and metaplastic mucosa and carcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 6784109 TI - Lower GI bleeding in the elderly. Diverticulosis and angiodysplasia as dominant causes. AB - Angiography has greatly improved the precision of diagnosis of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients. This, in turn, has permitted a more conservative approach, even when operative management becomes necessary. It bears emphasis, however, that hematochezia in elderly patients is usually relatively benign and tends to cease spontaneously. An overly enthusiastic diagnostic or therapeutic course is not warranted, and conservative control of the acute episode, followed by sufficient evaluation to rule out malignancy, is probably all that is necessary. When massive bleeding becomes persistent or recurrent, however, it is clearly life threatening, and a vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic program should be initiated promptly. PMID- 6784110 TI - Hyperemesis gravidarum due to thyrotoxicosis. AB - A case of hyperemesis gravidarum at 9 weeks' gestation is described for which no cause could initially be found. Intravenous feeding was needed as a life preserving measure and following improvement on this regime the patient went into a thyrotoxic crisis which was successfully diagnosed and treated. The continuing pregnancy and its outcome is described. The need for practitioners to remember vomiting as a presenting sign of thyrotoxicosis is stressed. PMID- 6784111 TI - Respiratory failure in the adult with chronic bronchitis and emphysema. PMID- 6784112 TI - [Biosynthesis of extracellular phospholipase C (lecithinase) from Bacillus cereus depending on the nutrient medium composition and pH]. AB - The nutrient medium to provide rapid growth of microbial cells of Bacillus cereus str. 504, and biosynthesis of extracellular phospholipase C(EC 3.1.4.3) was selected. The nutrient medium contained acidic casein hydrolyzate, yeast extract or enzymatic hydrolyzate of fodder yeast, glucose, NaCl, NaHCO3, and Na2HPO4. The activity of secreted phospholipase C reached maximum at pH 6.3--6.6. PMID- 6784113 TI - [Properties of beta-glucosidase from the fungus Geotrichum candidum 3C]. AB - The ability of beta-glucosidase from the fungus Geotrichum candidum 3C to degrade cell oligosaccharides, disaccharides and glycosides was examined. It was demonstrated that the rate of enzymic hydrolysis of cell oligosaccharides depended on the length of the substrate chain. The major product was glucose. The beta-glucosidase purified showed high specificity towards beta-glucopyranosyl and degraded only the glucosides which incorporated beta-glucopyranosyl. The enzyme had a relatively low specificity towards aglycon, and hydrolyzed both disaccharides and aryl-glucosides. The enzyme also showed traansglycosylase activity. PMID- 6784114 TI - [Development of immunological preparations and their use for preventing and treating pyocyanic infection in burn patients]. PMID- 6784115 TI - [Therapeutic and diagnostic tactics in so-called non-bacillary caverns in the lungs]. PMID- 6784116 TI - [Comparative studies of bacterial flora in the bronchial and pharyngeal secretions and sputum in bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6784117 TI - Novel RNA polymerase sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis. AB - A modified form of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase) has been isolated that exhibits distinctive transcriptional specificity. This modified enzyme transcribes two cloned genes from the purA-cysA region of the B. subtilis chromosome whose expression in vivo is associated with the process of sporulation. Neither of these genes is transcribed by the usual form of B. subtilis RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing a sigma factor of 55,000 daltons (sigma 55). The modified RNA polymerase lacks sigma 55 but contains a newly identified subunit of 37,000 daltons termed sigma 37. A reconstitution experiment in which sigma 37 was added to core RNA polymerase strongly suggests that sigma 37 is responsible for the transcriptional specificity of the modified RNA polymerase. Sigma 37 apparently acts at the level of promoter recognition; this transcriptional determinant enabled core RNA polymerase to form stable binary and ternary ("initiation") complexes with endonuclease restriction fragments containing promoters for the cloned B. subtilis genes. PMID- 6784118 TI - DNA polymerase alpha mutants from a Drosophila melanogaster cell line. AB - Aphidicolin, a tetracyclic diterpenoid antibiotic, is a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis in vivo and DNA polymerase (deoxynucleosidetriphosphate:DNA deoxynucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.7) alpha of eukaryotic organisms. After ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis, we have recovered mutants of Drosophila melanogaster Schneider cell line no. 2 that grow at concentrations of aphidicolin that completely inhibit wild-type cells. The DNA polymerase alpha from one of these mutants, aph-10, is much more resistant to inhibition by the drug; the apparent Ki of the wild-type enzyme is 12 nM aphidicolin, whereas the apparent Ki of the aph-10 polymerase is more than 100 nM. (The apparent Km for dCTP is the same for both enzymes.) Another mutant, aph-13, overproduces DNA polymerase alpha at least 8-fold. The DNA polymerase of this mutant has the same apparent Km and Ki for dNTPs and aphidicolin as does wild-type polymerase. PMID- 6784119 TI - Receptor structure in the bacterial sensing system. AB - The primary receptors for aspartate and serine in bacterial chemotaxis have been shown to be the 60,000-dalton proteins encoded by the tar and tsr genes. The evidence is: (i) overproduction of the tar gene product at various levels by recombinant DNA techniques produces proportionate increases in aspartate binding; (ii) aspartate binding copurifies with [3H]methyl-labeled tar gene product; (iii) antibody to tar and tsr protein fragments precipitates a single species of protein (60,000 daltons) which retains binding capacity and [3H]carboxymethyl label. Partially purified tar gene product can be reconstituted into artificial vesicles and retains aspartate binding and aspartate-sensitive methylation and demethylation. These results show that the aspartate and serine receptors are transmembrane proteins of a single polypeptide chain with the receptor recognition site on the outside of the membrane and the covalent methylation site on the inside. PMID- 6784120 TI - Specific disruption of vimentin filament organization in monkey kidney CV-1 cells by diphtheria toxin, exotoxin A, and cycloheximide. AB - We have examined the effect of diphtheria toxin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, and cycloheximide on the CV-1 cell cytoskeleton. Within a few hours after producing an inhibition of cellular protein synthesis, all these agents specifically disrupted the organization of the vimentin filament system with no discernable effect on microtubules or microfilaments during the period of observation. Furthermore, just as the inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide is reversible, so was the disruption of vimentin filaments by cycloheximide. PMID- 6784121 TI - Molecular analysis of a gene in a developmentally regulated puff of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An increase in the concentration of the steroid hormone ecdysone in late larval life triggers a profound change in the pattern of polytene chromosome puffs in the Drosophila melanogaster salivary gland. One of the preexisting puffs that regress as the ecdysone concentration increases is located at the 3C11-12 bands, the site of the Sgs-4 gene, which codes for the sgs-4 protein, one of the proteins in the salivary glue secretion. We have isolated cloned segments of chromosomal DNA that define a 60-kilobase region containing the 0.9-kilobase Sgs 4 gene, and we have determined its position and orientation within this region. Fine structure restriction endonuclease mapping shows that approximately 45% of this gene consists of tandemly repeated sequences of 21 base pairs that occupy most of its 5' half, indicating that most of the amino-terminal half of the sgs-4 protein consists of tandemly repeated amino acid sequences of seven residues. We also report on the amount of the Sgs-4 mRNA as a function of developmental stage and in nine different strains, four of which produce little or no sgs-4 protein. Three of the null strains produce minute amounts of the mRNA and one yields none, whereas the five sgs-4 producing strains yield abundant amounts. The mRNAs frm these strains exhibit different lengths, which correlate with different gene lengths that appear to result from different numbers of the repeated sequences in their tandem arrays. PMID- 6784122 TI - Molecular limits on the size of a genetic locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - This report places outer limits on the size of the DNA region required for expression of a Drosophila gene. This region, termed the unit of expression, includes not only the structural gene but also any cis-acting sequences that modulate its activity. The locus we have chosen, Sgs-4, codes for one of the glue proteins secreted by larval Drosophila salivary glands. Cytological deficiencies have been identified that eliminate sequences on one side or the other of Sgs-4 without affecting its expression. The ends of these deficiencies have been localized accurately with respect to restriction endonuclease sites in and near the locus. These endpoints limit the Sgs-4 structural gene and essential flanking sequences to a 16- to 19-kilobase region of the X chromosome. The results also show that there is no DNA sequence rearrangement in the Sgs-4 region during development of either the polytene larval salivary glands or adult flies. PMID- 6784123 TI - Transcripts of the immunoglobulin C mu gene vary in structure and splicing during lymphoid development. AB - Two classes of transcripts of the mouse immunoglobulin mu constant region (C mu) gene can be distinguished. Whereas B cells contain mu mRNAs of 2.4 and 2.7 kilobases (kb), many T lymphoma, Abelson pre-B lymphoma, and myeloid tumor cell lines contain polyadenylylated RNA species bearing C mu sequences (C mu RNAs) of 1.9, 2.1, 2.3, and 3.0 kb. Production of C mu RNAs, unlike mu mRNAs, does not require recombination with the joining region (JH) locus. To define the structure of C mu RNAs, RNA from representative cell lines was fractionated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to diazobenzyloxymethyl paper, and tested for hybridization with 23 DNA fragments that collectively span a chromosomal mu gene, cloned from a plasmacytoma. All the C mu RNAs bear sequences derived from each of the four C mu domains, but none contain the intervening sequences separating domains; thus each represents a spliced RNA species. The 1.9-kb C mu RNA contains the 3' sequence characteristic of secreted mu chain, whereas the longer species bear that of membrane-bound mu chin. Hence C mu RNAs and mu mRNAs are equivalent throughout the C mu and 3' terminal regions. They differ markedly, however, in their 5' regions, because the 3.0-and 2.3-kb C mu RNAs bear sequences from within the conventional JH-C mu intervening sequence. Because these sequences are several kb from C mu, this region must contain at least one hitherto unsuspected splice site. C mu RNAs may not express immunological diversity, because no evidence was found that they bear variable regions. T and pre-B lymphoid and myeloid cells contain equivalent C mu RNA species, which coexist with mu mRNAs in some pre-B and B lymphoid lines. C mu RNA expression appears to reflect an activated state of the C mu gene common to cells at early stages of T, B, and myeloid development. PMID- 6784125 TI - Absence of vertical transmission of subacute spongiform viral encephalopathies in experimental primates. PMID- 6784124 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin D: construction and characterization of a cloned delta chain cDNA. AB - TEPC 1017 is a BALB/c plasmacytoma that synthesizes IgD in large enough amounts to permit the isolation of mRNA for mouse delta chains. cDNA has been prepared from this mRNA, and an 880-base-pair fragment of it has been cloned by recombinant DNA techniques. The hybridization selection technique has been used to show that this cDNA clone specifically binds only mRNA that can be translated into immunoprecipitable delta chains. the sequence of a portion of this clone has been determined and, when translated, shows homology with the C delta 3 of a human myeloma protein. Using this cDNA clone as a probe, we have found that several different-sized delta RNAs are present in TEPC 1017 and in another IgD secreting plasmacytoma, TEPC 1033. PMID- 6784126 TI - The effect of parathyroid hormone on erythropoiesis in serum-free cultures of fetal mouse liver cells. PMID- 6784127 TI - Cost effectiveness and patient welfare. PMID- 6784128 TI - Interactions between ionophores, Mg2+ and Ca2+ on acetylcholine formation and release in brain slices. PMID- 6784129 TI - Metabolism of sulfadiazine in children with protein calorie malnutrition. AB - 6 children with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) and 5 control children received a single dose of sulfadiazine (25 mg/kg body weight). Absorption rate constant in the control group was 0.735 +/- 0.058 h-1 and in PCM 0.519 +/- 0.03 h 1. Peak blood levels of the drug were similar in both groups. However, the time to reach the peak was shorter in the control than in the PCM group. Elimination rate constant and half life of the drug were 0.0233 +/- 0.0026 h-1 and 31.78 +/- 3.82 h, respectively, in the PCM group and 0.0332 +/- 0.0022 h-1 and 21.27 +/- 1.51 h, respectively, in the control group. These values differ significantly from each other. The area under the blood concentration-time curve was more than double in the PCM group as compared to the control group. Urinary excretion of the drug in 48 h was significantly more in control (19.3 +/- 1.4 mg/kg body weight) in comparison to the PCM group (13.6 +/- 1.7 mg/kg body weight). However, the free drug concentration in urine/kg body weight was not altered in the PCM group. There was a significant decrease in quantity of acetylated drug in the PCM group as compared to the controls. In view of these observations, therapy with sulfadiazine in children suffering from PCM requires reconsideration. PMID- 6784130 TI - Photoreactivating enzyme from Streptomyces griseus--II. Evidence for the presence of an intrinsic chromophore. PMID- 6784131 TI - Photochemical addition of L-lysine to 1,3-dimethyl-4-thiouracil. PMID- 6784132 TI - Characterization of the plasmids of Bacillus megaterium: base composition and reassociation kinetics analysis. PMID- 6784133 TI - Inhibitory effect of Chinese crude drugs on tyrosinase. PMID- 6784134 TI - Cholesterol esters of rat hearts of linoleic acid fed rats stimulate prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) synthetase activity. AB - Rats fed a diet rich or poor in linoleic acid (LA) for 25 weeks were used for investigation into whether the cholesterol ester (CE) of rate hearts influences the conversion of PGH2 to PGI2 by the microsomal fraction of pig aorta. The CE of rats fed the LA rich diet increased PGI2 synthesis after 4 weeks and even more after 25 weeks, whereas CE from rats fed the LA poor diet decreased PGI2 synthetase activity. PMID- 6784135 TI - Impaired insulin secretion in human diabetes mellitus. II. A possible role for prostaglandins. AB - Human diabetes mellitus is characterized by impaired insulin response to intravenous glucose. In search of possible endogenous factors which impair insulin release, we have investigated the effect of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS), an inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin (PGs) synthesis, upon insulin responses to glucose and arginine in subjects with type II (adult-on-set) diabetes mellitus. Acute insulin response to glucose (20 g) was significantly increased by LAS (response before LAS=26 +/- 10%; during LAS=77+15%, mean+/-SEM, mean change 3-10 min insulin, % basal, n=8, p 0.01), as well as second phase insulin secretion (before LAS=1437+/-316%; during LAS=3960+/-550%, change 10-60 min, uU/ml-min, % basal, p less than 0.01). This effect was associated with an increase in glucose disappearance rates (p less than 0.01). Acute insulin response to arginine (5 g iv) was also increased by LAS infusion. These results suggest that endogenous PGs may be one of the factors which impair insulin secretion in human diabetes. PMID- 6784136 TI - Effect of Amrinone, a cardiotonic drug, on hemodynamics and platelet function. AB - In the present study we have investigated the effect of Amrinone on the hemodynamics, platelet counts, prostacyclin and thromboxane synthesis and platelet function. Results show that infusion of the drug increased the heart rate and lowered left atrial, aortic and pulmonary artery pressures within five minutes after a single bolus injection of 2 mg/kg IV dose. Platelet counts made from the blood obtained from anesthetized dogs after the drug infusion showed severe loss of platelets. However, infusion of a similar dose in awake dogs showed no such detrimental effect on platelets. Examination of formalin fixed blood for aggregates showed no more clumps in the treated samples than in the control. Platelets obtained from canine blood drawn at 30 minutes post infusion of the drug showed no aggregatory response to arachidonate. However, the response of these platelets to ADP was quite normal. Amrinone infusion had no inhibitory effect on the ability of vascular tissue to convert arachidonic acid to prostacyclin. Similarly, no inhibitory action could be observed on platelet cyclo oxygenase activity at this concentration (2 mg/kg). In vitro studies on human platelets showed significant inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase at high concentrations (0.5 mg/ml). Therefore it is unlikely that the drug caused inhibition of the platelet response to arachidonate by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis during infusion, as the dose used was quite low (2 mg/kg) compared to what is required for the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. PMID- 6784137 TI - [Terrestrial nourishment. Apropos of children in digestive reanimation]. PMID- 6784138 TI - Relationship of thyrotropin-releasing hormone test and dexamethasone suppression test abnormalities in unipolar depression. AB - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) were administered to 50 inpatients with unipolar depression. Of the patients tested, 64% had a blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH and 50% failed to suppress on the DST. There was no significant association between these two abnormalities by chi-square test. This lack of association suggests that the blunted TSH response to TRH is not an artifact of hypothalamic pituitary-adrenal hyperactivation. The TRH test and the DST complemented each other as biological markers for active unipolar depression: 30% of the patients were identified by both tests, 34% by the TRH test only, 20% by the DST only, and 16% by neither test. The two tests may be useful in developing a nosology for major unipolar depression that is based on both descriptive and neurobiological information. PMID- 6784139 TI - Neuroendocrine measures in psychiatric patients: course and outcome with ECT. AB - Measures of neuroendocrine function--plasma cortisol and its response to dexamethasone, and plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and its response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)--were employed in 50 hospitalized male veteran psychiatric patients with diagnoses of unipolar or bipolar melancholia, secondary depression, or schizophrenia. Of 20 cases of unipolar melancholia, 17 (85%) exhibited hypercortisolism; 14 (70%) failed to suppress plasma cortisol after dexamethasone; and 4 (31%) of 13 tested had an abnormal TSH response to intravenous TRH. Two patients with secondary depression also exhibited hypercortisolism; no other patients evinced abnormal neuroendocrine test results. These measures were repeated in 14 unipolar depressed patients after a course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Improvement in psychopathology was directly related to normalization of measures of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) function. The TSH response to TRH was not systematically altered. After a followup period of 1 to 9 months, there was a good correlation between the measures of HPA function and the clinical outcome. These findings encourage further study of HPA function measures as outcome criteria for depressed patients receiving ECT. PMID- 6784140 TI - The relationships between clinical response, psychophysiological variables and plasma levels of amitriptyline and diazepam in neurotic outpatients. AB - In a 4 week study of the response of neurotic outpatients to treatment with amitriptyline, diazepam, amitriptyline and diazepam, or placebo clinical and psychophysiological variables and plasma levels of the drug were assessed. Clinical improvements were substantial in all treatment groups but clear relationships between clinical change, psychophysiological change and plasma levels of the drugs were not established. There was no relationship between plasma levels of the drugs and cigarette smoking. It is concluded that neither plasma levels of amitriptyline and diazepam nor change in skin conductance responsivity offer a useful guide to clinical response to drug treatment. PMID- 6784141 TI - Peripheral correlates of serotonergically-influenced behaviors in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). AB - The associations among twelve behaviors and three potential peripheral markers of central serotonergic activity were investigated in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus). The behaviors monitored included approach, heterogroom, rest, eat, avoid, be solitary, be vigilant, huddle, initiate aggress, receive aggress, and engage in sexual behavior. The biochemical parameters measured were whole blood serotonin, plasma free tryptophan, and plasma total tryptophan. Throughout the study period, intraindividual variability in both the behavioral and the biochemical measures was small, although there was substantial interindividual variability in both sets of measures. Free and total tryptophan correlated positively with approach, heterogroom, and eat, and inversely with avoid and be solitary. Whole blood serotonin correlated inversely with avoid and be solitary. These data are compatible with previously reported observations on the behavioral consequences of manipulating serotonergic systems in vervet monkeys and suggest that in normal, drug naive monkeys, free and total tryptophan are better correlates of the central serotonergic activity influencing behavior than is whole blood serotonin. PMID- 6784142 TI - On the use of repeated measures designs in psychopharmacology. AB - A popular paradigm in psychopharmacology is the repeated measures design. Unfortunately the test of equal means across the repeated trials requires an assumption that is often untenable and which can lead to erroneous interpretations. In order to minimize this bias three approaches have been suggested. The authors discuss the three approaches in the context of a psychopharmacologic example. PMID- 6784143 TI - Increased mesolimbic dopamine binding following chronic haloperidol treatment. AB - It is well documented that chronic neuroleptic treatment creates a dopamine receptor supersensitivity in the striatum. The present study examined the effect of chronic neuroleptic treatment on mesolimbic dopamine receptor binding. Rats received either 0.5 mg/kg of haloperidol, 50 mg/kg of sodium phenobarbital, or 0.9% saline daily for 21 days. One week following the last injection, the rats were sacrificed and the septi were removed for the 3H-dopamine binding assay. Haloperidol treatment resulted in a 52% increase in 3H-dopamine binding in the septum, whereas phenobarbital treatment caused no significant change. PMID- 6784144 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of etorphine in Rhesus monkeys. AB - Two rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate the IM injection of etorphine (0.001 mg/kg) from saline in a task in which 20 consecutive responses on one of two levers resulted in food delivery. In both monkeys, etorphine (0.0001- 0.0018), meperidine (0.1--1.0 mg/kg), morphine (0.1--3.2 mg/kg), and codeine (0.3 -3.2) produced dose-related increases in the percentage of total session responses that occurred on the etorphine-appropriate lever. In contrast, ethylketazocine, SKF-10047, and pentazocine, at doses up to and including those that suppressed response rates, produced responses primarily on the saline appropriate lever. Thus, etorphine-like narcotics, including morphine, have discriminative stimulus effects in rhesus monkeys which can be distinguished from those produced by narcotics with nonmorphine-like actions such as ethylketazocine, SKF-10047, and pentazocine. PMID- 6784145 TI - The benzodiazepines and inosine antagonize caffeine-induced seizures. AB - The induction of generalized tonic-clinic seizures in mice by the methylxanthine stimulant caffeine is described. These seizures are indistinguishable in quality from those induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), and pretreatment with low doses of caffeine potentiates PTZ-induced seizures. Benzodiazepines inhibit caffeine induced seizures with a rank order potency that parallels their affinities for the central nervous system (CNS) benzodiazepine receptor in vitro. Inosine, a purine that has recently been shown to be a competitive inhibitor of [3H] diazepam binding in vitro, antagonizes caffeine-induced seizures, while 7-methyl inosine, a purine that lacks receptor binding inhibitory activity, has no effect on seizures. Since the benzodiazepines, inosine, caffeine, and pentylenetetrazol all competitively inhibit [3H] diazepam binding and have marked effects on inducing or antagonizing seizures, further study of this receptor-ligand system may provide additional insights that concern possible biochemical mechanisms of seizures. PMID- 6784146 TI - The specific activity of platelet monoamine oxidase varies with platelet count during severe exercise and noradrenaline infusion. AB - During severe exercise or noradrenaline infusion in healthy male volunteers, the platelet count first rose and then fell. Platelet monoamine oxidase activity per unit protein rose and fell in parallel and the correlation with the platelet count was highly significant (P less than 0.001). The increase in observed specific monoamine oxidase activity might be due to the release of a population of platelets with higher specific activity, and the decrease to their selective removal. PMID- 6784147 TI - Effect of lithium on reaction time--a study of diurnal variations. AB - Continuous reaction time performance was measured in groups of normal controls, psychiatric controls and patients treated with lithium. The reaction times were slower for the patients treated with lithium compared to both groups of controls, but the performance was not impaired to the same degree as in patients with various forms of cerebral dysfunction. For all groups reaction times were slower in the morning than in the evening or at night. Slow reaction times at the first investigation in the groups of normal and psychiatric controls were positively correlated with larger variations in the 24 h course. However, this correlation could not be demonstrated for patients on lithium treatment, probably because these patients do not approach their limit of speed as often as other patients or controls. PMID- 6784148 TI - Possible selfconsistent paths of the terrestrial biota-humus-atmosphere system in response to man's impact. PMID- 6784149 TI - Effect of hyperthermia upon radiation-induced chromosome loss in mutagen sensitive Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6784150 TI - [Formation of double-stranded DNA breaks in gamma-irradiated bacterial cells depending on the functioning of the rapid repair of single-stranded breaks]. PMID- 6784151 TI - [In vitro radiation sensitivity of lipoxygenase systems]. PMID- 6784152 TI - The stability of teletherapy-beam symmetry with gantry angle. AB - The authors describe a rapid means of evaluating the stability of beam symmetry as the gantry angle is varied. Two radiation detectors, a ratio circuit, and an X Y recorder are used. The teletherapy machine is operated in the rotational mode, and the ionization-current ratio is recorded as a function of the gantry angle. This test can provide an early warning of beam-symmetry instabilities. PMID- 6784153 TI - Problems of physical fixation by freezing. PMID- 6784154 TI - Freeze-fracture in dispersions with an without gelatine. AB - The influence of macromolecules on the formation of particle aggregates and coagulation networks has been studied by electron microscopy. Specimen preparation was carried out with the technique and device developed by Menold et al. [1], termed drop-freeze-fracture. Method and results are briefly shown, advantages and problems are mentioned. PMID- 6784155 TI - The contribution of freeze-etching to membrane research. PMID- 6784156 TI - Structure of retinal photoreceptor membranes as seen by freeze-fracturing. PMID- 6784157 TI - The nature of the intramembraneous particle. AB - It is argued that the different modes of fracturing of the erythrocyte membrane and the outer membrane of Escherichia coli with respect to the intramembraneous particles have their definite biochemical and structural counterpart i.e.,. the non-complementary particles of the erythrocyte membrane being predominantly proteinaceous in nature and the complementary particles of the outer membrane of E. coli being determined by lipopolysaccharide. Evaluation of the complementarity aspect of intramembraneous particles shows than an assessment of complementarity in replicas may decisive when interpreting micrographs at the macromolecular level. PMID- 6784158 TI - Lipidic particles. AB - A new type of lipid organization is observed in mixtures of phosphatidylcholine with cardiolipin in the presence of Ca++, monoglucosyldiglyceride and phosphatidylethanolamine (in the presence of cholesterol). This phase is characterized by an isotropic 31P NMR signal and is visualized by freeze fracturing as particles and pits on the fracture faces of the lipid bilayer. As the most favourable model for this phase we propose the inverted micelle sandwiched in between the two monolayers of the lipid bilayer. It will be shown that such particles and pits appear on the fusion site during fusion of unilamellar vesicles of an equimolar mixture of phosphatidylcholine and cardiolipin in the presence of Ca++. PMID- 6784159 TI - Plasma membrane particles in yeast protoplasts. AB - Investigations of plasma membrane particles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts are shortly reviewed. Particle arrangement into a hexagonal patterns is considered to reflect some minute changes in the biomembrane organization rather than functional differentiation. Plasma membrane invaginations are proved to be rigid structures capable of migrating in the fluid domain of the membrane. Density of the particles per unit area is related to the degree of membrane stretching which suggest that upon membrane extension new protein molecules are shifted towards the hydrophobic layer of the membrane. PMID- 6784160 TI - Changes of the asymmetrical particle distribution in erythrocyte membranes. AB - Particle counts in freeze-fractured human erythrocytes revealed changes in the asymmetry coefficients of the particle distribution between the two membrane fracture faces after several pretreatments caused by significant differences in the particle densities on both fracture faces. In comparison with the high asymmetry of the particle distribution present in serum-incubated erythrocytes the asymmetry is lowered already in NaCl-incubated erythrocytes and to a greater extent in MgCl2- or CaCl2-incubated erythrocytes by the decrease of the particle density on the P-face and the simultaneous increase of the particle density on the E-face. This clearly shows that a redistribution of the intramembraneous particles between the two membrane fracture faces is possible. The asymmetry lowering effect of MgCl2 is not present after combined MgCl2-glycerol- or MgCl2 glutaraldehyde-treatment. It is suggested that the variable strong interaction of the transmembraneous proteins, involved in the particle formation, with the extracellular membrane half influence the particle distribution between the two fracture faces in native human erythrocytes. PMID- 6784161 TI - Variations in the appearance of membrane particles after various pretreatments. AB - In freeze-fracturing human erythrocytes beside the intramembraneous particles fibrillar structures can be observed. They are in close relation to the intramembraneous particles and occur frequently under special conditions. 1. In erythrocytes incubated with MgCl2-solutions (25-100 mM) striking fibrillar structures are mostly located on the E-fracture face or extend from the E-face to the cytoplasmic surface aspect of the membrane. Fibrillar structures located on the P-face or extending from the P-face to the extracellular surface aspect do not often occur. This asymmetrical distribution indicates that elements pulled out from the cytoplasmic membrane half play a special role in the fibril formation. Intermediate forms between particles and fibrillar structures can occur. 2. By use of the microtome technique for freeze-fracturing in a frozen 60 vol.-% glycerol solution at temperatures upward from -100 degrees C melting can occur at the knife edge during cutting. In connection with the formation of a melting zone in isolated erythrocyte membranes incubated in 60 vol.-% aqueous glycerol a somewhat modified (unfinished) membrane splitting is possible. Lying side by side both the membrane fracture halves remain connected by the unsplit part of the membrane. In the region where they are connected fibrils between the two fracture faces occur indicating a deformation process during the particle formation. The results give further evidence that plastic deformation during freeze-fracturing takes place in the formation of the intramembraneous particles in native erythrocyte membranes. PMID- 6784162 TI - Morphological characterization of the plasma membrane of a pituitary tumor cell line (GH3). AB - Freeze-fracturing and deep-etching have been used to characterize the internal morphology and surface charge of the plasma membrane of GH3-cells from cell culture in fixed and unfixed material. Glutaraldehyde does not effect intramembrane particle pattern but induces structural modifications on the cell surface in a way that additional attachment sites for cationized ferritin are exposed at specific areas of the membrane. Negative surface charges are not directly linked to the intramembrane particles, but to other (surface-) proteins, independently enough to be dislocated by external ligands; this process is restricted to the membrane surface. Thermotropic phase changes induce separation of lipidic regions from proteinaceous regions. Peripheral and integral protein are thus aggregated simultaneously, resulting in clustered membrane particles and aggregated surface charges. PMID- 6784163 TI - Effect of Ca2+ on isolated mast cell granules. AB - Isolated rat mast cell granules were used to study a possible direct effect of Ca2+ on membrane fusion. More than 60% were intact, membrane-limited granules providing a suitable model for investigating in vitro membrane fusion. Various concentrations of Ca2+ were investigated (10(-2) to 10(-5) M) and no sign of membrane fusion was found. When the granules had been fixed after incubation with Ca2+, only the highest Ca2+ concentration proved to cause the granules to aggregate. Without fixation, the aggregating effect of Ca2+ was more expressed, even in lower concentrations. In the granule aggregates, membrane areas of mutual contact were free of intramembrane particles. These attachment sites correspond to pentalaminar structures, as seen in thin sections. PMID- 6784164 TI - The occurrence of phase separation structures in biological membranes as derived from freeze-etch observations. AB - Some structural specializations revealed in biological membranes by freeze fracturing are probably attributed to phase separation in the lipid matrix. The visibility of rigid domains within the fluid bilayer has been demonstrated in model membranes. Characteristics of rigid domains are the ripple- or band-pattern or a change of the surface curvature. Additionally in biological membranes an exclusion of particles or a regular incorporation of particles are the most important properties of rigid domains. By the combination of different features 8 basic domain types can be postulated. Examples for 6 of these types have been found as normally occurring structures or by induction. These are in the group of smooth particle-free domains the flat circular type (SFC), the bulged circular type (SBC) and the bulged elongated type (SBE). In the group with regularly arranged particles are known the flat circular type (RFC), the flat elongated type (RFE) and the bulged elongated type (RBE). PMID- 6784165 TI - Effects of digitonin and glutaraldehyde on the preservation of erythrocyte membrane structures. AB - In erythrocyte membranes digitonin induces different structural alterations. Crosslinking of the membrane proteins by a pretreatment with glutaraldehyde cannot suppress these alterations completely. The bulged, elongated and the flat, rectangular particle-free areas are by their appearance two types of lipid domains. The other structures are derived from these domains, as supported by the observed transition stages. An analysis of the behaviour of the structures by different digitonin concentrations, after a pretreatment of the intact erythrocytes and ghosts with glutaraldehyde, and after an incubation at 37 degrees C or at 2 degrees C, results in a differentiation between "phase separation" and "phase-formation". "Phase-separation" occurs at a low digitonin concentration, is suppressed to a high extent by glutaraldehyde pretreatment and is stabilized by low temperature. "Phase-formation" occurs at higher digitonin concentrations, is not suppressed by glutaraldehyde pretreatment and can be suppressed by low temperature. PMID- 6784166 TI - Behaviour of bacteriorhodopsin incorporated into lipid vesicles after solubilization with different detergents. AB - Incorporation of bacteriorhodopsin (BR), derived from the purple membrane by solubilization with detergents, into phosphatidylcholine-(PC-) vesicles resulted in a disperse distribution of the protein particles in the lipid bilayer as revealed by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Rotational diffusion measurements showed a high rotational mobility when the system is kept above the lipid phase transition temperature (Tc). Below the Tc the particles are immobilized as observed by flash photolysis while in electron micrographs, segregation of the protein from the lipids and particle aggregation can be seen. In some cases a hexagonal lattice is observed. Solubilization of the purple membrane with LDAO (lauryl-dimethyl-amine oxide) followed by centrifugation through a sucrose density gradient resulted in BR depleted by 80% of bacterial lipids. Incorporation of this lipid-depleted BR into PC-vesicles did not reveal any significant differences in its mobility of its aggregation behaviour. Incorporation of cholesterol into the vesicle system resulted in a marked immobilization of BR. Freeze-fracture electron micrographs show typical segregation phenomena above the Tc of the pure lipid. In the sample with 30 mole% cholesterol, aggregation of the protein appears to be accompanied by lattice formation. PMID- 6784167 TI - Controlled deposition of water vapor on clean membrane fracture faces: decoration and contamination phenomena. PMID- 6784168 TI - Polyethylene glycol induced membrane fusion in yeast protoplasts. AB - Freeze-etching and ultrathin section techniques were used to demonstrate ultrastructural change in plasma membranes during fusion of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts. Incubation of protoplasts in 30% (w/v) polyethylene glycol fed to strong reduction in the number of particles in areas of close membrane contact and disappearance of invaginations. On sections, neighbouring plasma membranes merged to pentalaminar or trilaminar structures. After incubation in regeneration medium, these membrane changes progressed to form rounded bulging areas with crater-like openings which are thought to be channels through which coalescence of partner's cytoplasms may occur. PMID- 6784169 TI - Investigations on polyethylene glycol-induced cell fusion - freeze fracture observations. AB - Aqueous solutions of more than 35% polyethylene glycol (PEG: m. w. 1500) fuse mammalian monolayer cells. The strong "water affinity" of these solutions and a changed conformation of the PEG molecules seem to us responsible for their fusogenic activity. Aggregation of surface proteins of a single cell membrane and of neighbouring ones, causes protein-free phospholipid areas as well as close cell-cell contacts. After washing off fusogenic PEG solutions, cells, adhering to each other where particle free membrane areas are attached, may start to fuse spot-like at these sites within a 5-60 min. incubation period. The PEG-induced intracellular processes (e.g. increase in vesicles and Golgi-fields) supposedly are involved in expanding the small cytoplasmic connections to polynuclear cells. PMID- 6784170 TI - Effect of compression on rat-liver mitochondrial membranes. A biochemical and morphological study. AB - When rat-liver mitochondria are subjected to compression at 0 degrees C, they become permeable to sucrose and the latency of malate dehydrogenase disappears. Freeze fracture electron microscopy shows smooth areas devoid of particles in fracture faces of the membranes. The effects of pressure can be inhibited as the temperature increases. Such results are explained by supposing that compression increases the transition temperature of mitochondrial membrane lipids above 0 degrees C and causes their freezing. PMID- 6784171 TI - Freeze-fracture study of isolated lysosomes of rat liver. AB - Freeze-fracture electron microscopy was utilized to pursue the morphological characterization of isolated lysosomes. Combining biochemical data of purity and morphological criteria of identification, it was possible to describe the convex and concave fracture faces of lysosomes. We have compared these with the corresponding faces of tritosomes i.e. lysosomes isolated after injection of Triton WR-1339 into the animal. PMID- 6784173 TI - Ultrastructure of the lung alveoli as revealed by freeze-etching technique. AB - The alveolar wall and the morphological equivalents of pulmonary surfactant have been studied by freeze-etching. Linear ridges on the fracture faces of the lamellae of lamellar bodies may represent early stages of transformation of lamellar bodies into tubular myelin. Parallel rows of particles on the fracture faces of tubular myelin are well documented, but the nature of these particles is not known. PMID- 6784172 TI - Visualization of specific antibody and Clq binding to hapten-sensitized lipid vesicles. PMID- 6784174 TI - Thin sectioning and freeze-etching studies of isolated islets of Langerhans of rats in gestation and after hypothalamic lesion. AB - Morphometrical studies of B-cell granules have not demonstrated marked morphological changes in various states of hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6784175 TI - Investigation of membrane complexes of myelin and gregarine pellicle by freeze drying and freeze-etching methods. AB - By the changes introduced in the standard procedures of the freeze-drying method (fixation, transportation of specimens from a vacuum apparatus into glass capillary tubes, and embedding) we have managed to simplify the method and to increase the reliability of the results. Fixation of the tissue was carried out after freeze-drying in molecular beams of OsO4 or in an OsO4 solution in carbon tetrachloride. The samples were embedded in araldite through mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and araldite. Membranes of myelin and gregarine pellicle were investigated. The repeat period of myelin at fixation of nerves after freeze drying in OsO4 molecular beams is 11.2 +/- 0.5 nm and in an OsO4 solution in carbon tetrachloride, 12 +/- 0.4 nm. A tetragonal reticulum was revealed on the plasma-membrane extracellular surface of gregarine which had been prepared by freeze-drying. This type of structure is never observed after the routine fixation in water, while an analogous structure is revealed after freeze-etching. PMID- 6784176 TI - An electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction study of osmium localization in membrane structures after fixation with OsO4 introduced to native and freeze dried specimens. AB - Ultrathin sections of the sciatic nerve myelin fibres of the frog Rana temporaria and liquid crystals of egg lecithin fixed in OsO4 have been treated by 4% or 30% acetic acid. Following uranyl acetate contrasting of thus treated sections the myelin structure and that of lecithin crystals completely recover. However, in the case of preliminary treatment of the sections with lead tetraacetate the subsequent contrasting fails to recover lamellar structures. The data obtained how that during the fixation of myelin sheath and lecithin crystals with osmium tetroxide, the whole amount of osmium locates in charged regions. The data on the X-ray analysis of myelin with OsO4 introduced before or after freeze-drying are in agreement with these results. It is assumed that the stabilization of fatty acid tails of the membrane lipid molecules is accomplished via formation of hydrogen links induced by glycol hydroxyl groups. PMID- 6784177 TI - Interpretation of morphological data obtained by freeze-fracturing at very low temperatures. AB - In freeze-fracture replication the greatest variety of methods exists for the fracturing process itself. The present stage of knowledge allows to evaluate fracture faces obtained by freeze-cleaving at temperatures down to 4 K. Under condensation free conditions the possibility for artefact formation will be restricted to the fracturing and replication process. Experiments on model systems and complex biological systems show that many fine structural details seen on freeze-fractured replicas have to be interpreted as the result of a multi event process involving plastic deformation, elastic recontraction, collapse phenomena and thermal load induced alterations during replica formation. With some structures the degree of deformation may be reduced by chemical fixation procedures. PMID- 6784178 TI - Freeze-fracture at 15 K in ultrahigh vacuum. PMID- 6784179 TI - The interpretation of chemically fixed and freeze-fractured bacterial nucleoplasm. PMID- 6784180 TI - Quantitative picture analysis of freeze-fracture electron-micrographs. AB - A method of three-dimensional reconstruction of the surface profile of artificial and natural membranes from freeze quenched electron micrographs is presented. The direct relation between the Pt-layer thickness and the local orientation of the membrane allows a reconstruction of the surface. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated on the quantitative analysis of some fine structures. These essential results are: 1. In the low resolution observation structural elements of a yeast cell were quantitatively described, (i) The diameter of a yeast cell is determined (4.2 microgram). (ii) The cell wall thickness is measured (150 nm). (iii) The dimension of cell wall incapsulated vesicles is determined (60-80 nm). (iv) The damlike protrusion in the plasma membrane has a triangular cross section. The height is 23 nm and the half width 50 nm. The particle assembly in the damlike protrusion is in a crystalline state. The change in surface curvature is probable due to a phase separation of a biaxial cluster in an uniaxial membrane. (v) Membrane bound particles can be distinguished by their surface profiles. 2. The resolution of surface profiles is limited by the size of the platinum grain. An average procedure can lead to a resolution of 0.2 nm. This increase is resolution can be understood with the uncertainty relation: The uncertainty of the profile in one dimension times the uncertainty in the other dimension (averaging length) is the area of the platinum grain. The monolayer thickness of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline and dimyristoyl choline are distinguishable 2.6 +/- 0.2 nm and 2.4 +/- 0.2 nm respectively. The surface profile of a two-dimensional crystal in the membrane of a yeast cell can be determined with high accuracy. The two profiles of the inner and outer monolayer do not fit exactly together. A part of the membrane bound particle is pulled out of the monolayer during the fracturing procedure. 3. The third part investigates special fluctuation of the surface. (i) The mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline and dioleyl phosphatidyl choline shows a periodic structure. The fluctuation besides this periodicity can be explained by a spinodal decomposition during cryofixation. (ii) The fluctuation of a periodic structure can also be induced by thermal motion. The fluctuation of dimyristol phosphatidyl choline quenched from a temperature between the pre- and maintransition determines only one kind of elastic constant. This curvature elastic constant is in the order of 10(-20) Joule. (iii) The fluctuation of the particle density can be related with the particle-particle compressibility. We choose the clusters induced by polylysine in a membrane with charged and uncharged lipids as particles. The compressibility is in the order of 10(-6) Newton/m which is comparable to those of a monolayer in a gaseous state. PMID- 6784181 TI - Some aspects of developing instruments for cryomethods. AB - Well-known advantages of specimen preparation by cryomethods are accompanied by some disadvantages resulting mainly from the inadequate level of the presently existing laboratory technology and instruments. For this reason prospects of cryomethod development are to a large extent determined by a possibility of creating effective instruments mostly suitable for cryomethods. We believe this problem can be solved by elaborating exchangeable plug-in units and module-vacuum equipment capable of performing a lot of operations without removing the specimen from the vacuum. Following these principles we have designed a vacuum cryotome which allows a simple insertion and removal of the specimen through the airlock, its reliable protection against heating and contamination, and to slice the object, etching of the specimen surface in a wide range of temperatures, casting the surface with carbon and metal shadow and to making replicas. Shadowing can be done at angles varying from 15 to 90 degrees including a rotating specimen. The specimen holder and the knife have a precise thermostabilization in a wide range of temperatures. When the object is rotating, thermostabilization is preserved. The cooled screen with a vast surface safely protects the specimen against thermal radiation of the chamber walls and against oil and water contamination. Unification of the fixation sites of all exchangeable instruments, application of the same airlocks to all inlet orifices of the vacuum chamber provide a wide variability and exchange of measuring and operating devices, in- and outlet of the specimen without dis- and reevacuation of the chamber. PMID- 6784182 TI - Study on structural elements of sarcomere: structure of thick filaments in muscle and after isolation. PMID- 6784183 TI - Some methodical aspects and applications of freeze-etching in polymer research. AB - The freeze-etching method is used for investigating the morphology of aqueous polymer systems, e.g. network-like segregation structures of cryofixed polymer solutions and real network structures in polymer gels. The cooling rate, which is decisive for cryofixation of specimens, is measured by a thermocouple and a pyroelectric element in different coolants. The effect of the cooling rate on the freeze-etching structure of polymer solutions, polymer gels and a 10% aqueous glycerol solution as a model substance is determined and compared. The increase of the cooling rate in polymer gels results in maintaining the original network structure, in smaller segregation compartments in polymer solutions and in smaller crystallites in the cryofixed ice matrix. PMID- 6784184 TI - Information processing in the sensorimotor cortex during voluntary movement. PMID- 6784185 TI - Task acquisition with feedback of steady potential shifts from monkeys' prefrontal cortex. PMID- 6784186 TI - Mechanisms of DNA replication and mutagenesis in ultraviolet-irradiated bacteria and mammalian cells. PMID- 6784187 TI - Nutrition in the severely burned child. AB - Adequate nutrition in the severely burned child often determines the morbidity and mortality and its supervision demands a high priority in the management of the burn injury. A disciplined, detailed programme is required, but this is often neglected. The hypermetabolism experienced in the severe burn may require a calorie intake up to 2 1/2 times normal, and in the growing child, with extra requirements, a negative balance can easily eventuate if careful management is not instituted. A daily metabolic plan provides firstly, the basic calories and protein per kilogram depending on age as for a normal child and, secondly additional requirements depending on the surface area of the burn. With such a programme the weakness of treating all children, whatever their age, on the same formula related only to surface area burn, is overcome. Parenteral nutrition is commenced as soon as the shock phase has been controlled and is continued until enteral intake by gastric tube is sufficient to cover the requirements. Such tube feeding requires the selection of an isotonic liquid diet so as so limit the possibility of diarrhoea. Isocal (Mead Johnson) has been found generally acceptable. Gradually as the patient recovers, oral intake is introduced and the child returns home on a normal nutritional diet, expectantly without weight loss and even with some weight gain, which befits any normal child under treatment for some months. Preburn nutrition, disease and infection, hyperthermia, hypothermia, evaporative water loss, active exercise, psychological well being, social state, early skin cover and limitation of stress are important aspects affecting metabolism and require careful supervision and management. The limitation of metabolism is as important as increasing the caloric intake and this is exemplified at the time of operation, which should be as nonstressful as possible. Every two weeks an adjusted assessment is made of the burned area still to be grafted and the caloric requirements are reduced accordingly. Assessment as to the success of the regime is made upon the results of daily weighing. Extra vitamins and elements are given and blood electrolytes and urine glucose and protein are regularly monitored. PMID- 6784188 TI - Metabolic changes and nutrition in children with severe burns. PMID- 6784189 TI - Luteolysis in the hamster: abrogation by gonadotropin and prolactin pretreatment. AB - The luteolysis which terminated pseudopregnancy (PSP) in superovulated hamsters was studied. Spontaneous luteolysis occurred before 1100 on Day 7 of PSP and was characterized by a rapid decline in circulating progesterone levels. Luteolysis induced by prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) on Day 5 of PSP displayed a similar rapid reduction in progesterone over 24 hours. In both cases levels of the progesterone metabolite 20 alpha hydroxypregn-4-ene-3-one (20 alpha-OHP) were less than 2 percent of progesterone levels and declined in a manner similar to progesterone. This suggests that conversion of progesterone or its precursors to 20 alpha-OHP was not a functional aspect of luteolysis in the hamster. Pretreatment with either prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) failed to prevent PGF2 alpha-induced luteolysis on Day 5 in the superovulated PSP hamster. Combinations of PRL and LH, LH and FSH or PRL and FSH were also unsuccessful in abrogating luteolysis. However, pretreatment with a combination of PRL, FSH and LH prevented luteolysis in 11/14 animals. These results suggest that luteotropic agents can reverse the luteolytic effects of PGF2 alpha in the hamster. PMID- 6784190 TI - Preparation of biological fluids for simultaneous analysis of prostaglandin cyclo oxygenase synthesized compounds by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. AB - A method for isolating climax products of the arachidonic acid cascade from biological fluids is described which allows simultaneous measurement of PGs (PGE2, PGD2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, 6-keto-PGE1, 6, 15-diketo-13,14-dihydro PGF1 alpha) by electron capture detection of pentafluorobenzyloxime methyl ester trimethylsilyl (TMS) ether derivatives. PGs are adsorbed onto Amberlite XAD-2 from acidified solution and nonadhering substances removed by sequential administration of water, then petroleum ether. PGs are extracted into methanol. Following evaporation and reconstitution in water, the PGs are extracted into ethyl acetate at pH 3 and the ethyl acetate extracts are purified by lipidex column chromatography. Derivatization to pentafluorobenzyloxime methyl ester TMS ethers of PGs in the sample is followed by separation on either glass packed columns or SCOT capillary columns, and detection by an electron capture detector. PGA2, added to the unpurified sample, is used as an internal standard for quantification. The methods have performed well on all biological fluids thus far examined. Examples of chromatographs from urine, Krebs-perfused lung effluents, and blood are shown. PMID- 6784191 TI - Selective inhibitors of platelet lipoxygenase: 4,7,10,13-eicosatetraynoic acid and 5,8,11,14-henicosatetraynoic acid. AB - Nine acetylenic acids were evaluated to determine what structural features are required for selective inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase. Both 4,7,10,13 icosatetraynoic acid and 5,8,11,14-henicosatetraynoic acid inhibited the synthesis of 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic acid (HETE) more than 95 percent without significantly altering the production of either thromboxane B2 or 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT). The ID50 concentrations (microM) for inhibiting the synthesis of thromboxane B2 and HETE were respectively 51 and 0.46 with 4,7,10,13-icosatetraynoic acid while similar concentrations of 64 and 0.31 were found for 5,8,11,14-henicosatetraynoic acid. PMID- 6784192 TI - Inhibition of platelet arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase by acetylenic acid compounds. AB - Eighteen acetylenic fatty acids were tested as inhibitors of human platelet arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase. 4,7,10,13-Eicosatetraynoic (4,7,10,13-ETYA) acid emerged as the most potent compound. Additional experiments have shown that 4,7,10,13-ETYA selectively blocked the 12-lipoxygenase in washed human platelets with lesser activity against the cyclooxygenase. The ID50 value for lipoxygenase was 7.8 microM in comparison with an ID50 of 100 microM for the cyclooxygenase. The commonly used inhibitor 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid inhibited both enzymes with equal potency. It appears that 4,7,10,13-ETYA may be a valuable lead for selective modulation of the 12-lipoxygenase pathway in platelet or other target tissues. PMID- 6784193 TI - [Case report of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]. PMID- 6784194 TI - [Scintigraphic methodology in benign focal bone lesions]. PMID- 6784195 TI - [Thyrotropin and prolactin secretion in autonomous thyroid adenomas]. PMID- 6784196 TI - [Pyelocaliceal diverticula. Diagnostic problems: wash-out technique investigation and dynamic study (author's transl)]. AB - The authors evaluated the pyelocaliceal diverticula by means of high dosis contrast urography with nephrotomography and following wash-out and dynamic examination. Most of cases showed stasis in the diverticulum. In no case dynamic activity of diverticulum walls was founded. PMID- 6784197 TI - [Clinical trials with dihydroergocristine in patients with vascular and cerebral insufficiency]. PMID- 6784198 TI - [C3 and C5 in alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6784199 TI - Effect of endotoxin on thiourea induced pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. AB - Administration of endotoxin prior to an LD50 dose of thiourea protected rats against pulmonary edema and pleural effusion. These results are similar to those seen with endotoxin pretreatment and pulmonary O2 toxicity. PMID- 6784200 TI - The dose-related metabolism of L-ethionine in acute experiments with rats. AB - A method is described for a simple column chromatographic determination of N acetylethionine, N-acetylethionine sulfoxide, and alpha-keto-gamma-ethiolbutyric acid on AG 1. With this analytical method and with chromatography on AG 50W, the urinary excretion pattern of ethionine, composed of all the aforementioned compounds, ethionine sulfoxide and S-adenosylethionine was studied in acute experiments in female rats as a function of the dose of L-[ethyl-1-14C]ethionine. Whereas N-acetylethionine sulfoxide is the major urinary metabolite at low ethionine doses, at higher doses increased amounts of unchanged ethionine and ethionine sulfoxide are found and account for the major portion of the administered dose at 460-613 mumol (75-100 mg)/100 g body wt. The urinary excretion pattern of S-adenosylethionine shows a close relationship to the concentration pattern of this metabolite in the kidney. The extent of t-RNA ethylation and the amount of carbon dioxide formed from the ethyl group of ethionine peak at doses of 77 (12.5) and 306 mumol (50 mg)/100 g body wt respectively, and do not increase further at higher doses. PMID- 6784201 TI - Hyperpnea: the common stimulus for bronchospasm in asthma during exercise and voluntary isocapnic hyperpnea. PMID- 6784202 TI - Ventilatory and pressor response to isometric exercise in normal subjects. AB - We studied in 8 young, healthy males, the behaviour of heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure at the upper (SBPUL) and lower (SBPLL) resting limbs, pulmonary ventilation (VE), oxygen uptake (VO2) and production of CO2 (VCO2) during and after two levels of isometric effort (handgrip at 50 and 100% maximum voluntary contraction; MVC). HR, SBPLL, VE, VO2, and VCO2 did not vary between the two efforts, but SBPUL is significantly different between them. The possible mechanism and predominant role of nervous reflexes upon the pressor and ventilatory response to isometric exercise are discussed. PMID- 6784203 TI - Quantitative comparisons of mammalian lung pressure volume curves. AB - The deflation pressure-volume curves of the lungs of a wide range of mammalian species were studied to compare their mechanical properties. A monoexponential mathematical function of the form V = Vmax - (Vmax - Vo)e - kp was fitted to the deflation data. It was found that the bulk stiffness index k (approximately 0.12 cm H2O-1) varied little over the 10(5) fold range of animal body weight. This range of k was far smaller than found in man in the presence of pulmonary parenchymal disease. It was concluded that the intrinsic stiffness characteristics of most mammalian lungs are similar. PMID- 6784204 TI - Incomplete gas mixing in air sacs of the duck. AB - During normal breathing, the CO2 concentration in caudal air sacs of birds is higher, and the O2 concentration lower, than expected on the basis of the known air flow pattern. We have experimentally tested two hypotheses which could explain this finding: (1) Preferential shunting of re-inspired dead space gas into caudal air sacs; (2) Incomplete mixing of inspired and residential air sac gas. - Different portions of the inspired air in anesthetized ducks were labeled by injecting a small bolus of argon (Ar) into the trachea. The resulting Ar concentration was recorded continuously in the caudal thoracic air sac at the ostium and in deeper regions.-The amount of Ar entering the sac was found to be independent of the volume inspired prior to injection of the label, and hypothesis (1) thus dismissed. However, during inspiration and subsequent expiration the Ar bolus was found to be neither perfectly mixed within the inspired gas nor with the air sac residential gas. More than 10 sec of breath hold were necessary for air sac gas to approach an equilibrium value. Gas layering (stratification) in caudal air sacs gas is proposed to cause the high CO2 and low O2 levels during steady state breathing, as air sac residential gas equilibrates with a layer of dead space gas that enters the air sac on each breath and contains a higher CO2 and lower O2 concentration than the mixed inspirate. PMID- 6784205 TI - Discharge of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors and its modulation by rapid F1CO2 changes in decerebrate ducks. AB - Single-unit activity was recorded from intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in decerebrate ducks inspiring room air (fresh air or control breath), or a short pulse of room air preceded and followed by 5% CO2 (fresh air pulse or experimental breath). Of 36 IPC studied, 28 fired a burst of impulses of similar duration to the fresh air pulse; delaying the fresh air pulse until later and later in inspiration progressively delayed the IPC burst. The remaining 8 IPC did not respond discretely to the fresh air pulse, rather their discharge was reduced diffusely in one or both of the ventilatory phases. The average discharge of the IPC population had a cyclic character during control breathing, with peak discharge mid-way through inspiration and essentially a constant discharge during expiration. An experimental breath had a similar IPC discharge pattern but peak inspiratory discharge was reduced; delaying the fresh air pulse delayed the population IPC burst. The results indicate that IPC could mediate the previously reported changes in T1 and TE that occur when the timing of a fresh air pulse is manipulated in conscious chickens [(Tallman et al. (1979). Am. J. Physiol. 237: R260-R265)]. PMID- 6784206 TI - The dynamic effect of PETCO, on vertebral bloodflow in cats. AB - The central chemoreceptors are excited by the composition of the interstitial fluid of the brainstem. The concentration of the constituents is influenced by the perfusion ratio in that area and the composition of the arterial blood, in articular PaCO2. We assessed the perfusion ratio in cats by measuring the blood flow in one vertebral artery and its dependence on changes in PETCO2. Our findings support the theory that CBF is controlled by extravascular pH during CO2 loading. The mean time constant for dilatation (tau = 339.2 s) was found to be considerably greater than the mean time constant for constriction (tau = 40.9 s). Neither time constant depends on the initial flow rate. PMID- 6784207 TI - Algorithms for calculating and correcting blood-gas and acid-base variables. AB - This is a review of the origins, derivations, and 'fidelity' of available equations for correcting PO2, PCO2, and pH for temperature, and for estimating blood-gas and acid-base variables from measured values: 1. Oxygen saturation (SO2) from PO2, PCO2, pH, and body temperature (T). 2. Oxygen concentration (CO2) from SO2, PO2, and hemoglobin concentration (Hb). 3. Base excess (BE) from pH, PCO2, and Hb. 4. 'In vivo BE' (BE3) from pH and PCO2. 5. 'Compensated BE3' (BEC) from PCO2. 6. Bicarbonate ([HCO3-]) and carbon dioxide concentrations (CCO2) from pH and PCO2. PHysiologic considerations are emphasized, with mathematical background when it contributes to understanding. Algorithms are variously compared with their graphic counterparts, with the data from which they were derived, and with each other. PMID- 6784208 TI - Non-equilibrium acid-base status in C. productus: role of exoskeletal carbonate buffers. AB - Hemolymph acid-base variables (pH, PCO2 and CCO2), hemolymph Ca2+ and Na+ concentrations, and osmolality were measured in unrestrained crabs, Cancer productus, before, during and following 4 hr emersion and 43 hr hyperoxia (460 510 Torr), both at 10 degrees C. Emersion and hyperoxia provoked an acidosis associated with elevation of hemolymph CCO2 and PCO2, yet attempts to calculate PCO2 from measured pH and CCO2 always resulted in values greater than those measured directly. This discrepancy between measured and calculated PCO2, was associated with base excess, and was eliminated upon in vitro equilibration of the hemolymph and more slowly in vivo, suggesting that metabolic compensation for the acidosis occurred more rapidly than could acid-base equilibration. During emersion, increases of CCO2 and [Ca2+] provide evidence that the internal CaCO3 stores, possibly from the exoskeleton, were mobilized during acid-base compensation. Hyperoxia provoked no such increase in Ca2+, and branchial uptake of HCO3- may make a major contribution to the elevation of CCO2 during hyperoxia. It is suggested that shell buffering by aquatic crustaceans provides a means of compensation for acidosis under conditions during which branchial function is impaired. PMID- 6784209 TI - Control of acid-base status during hypothermia in man. AB - Rahn's concepts of acid-base balance during hypothermia were tested in humans by studying eleven men who required extra-corporeal cooling for surgery. Hypothermia was moderate (27-28 degrees C) and maintained for 60-70 min. Extracorporeal blood perfusion (ECBP) was performed with a bubble-oxygenator which allowed changes in blood flow and gas concentrations. Arterial pH (pHa) at the person's body temperature was controlled by varying CO2 flow to the oxygenator in order to maintain in vitro pH measured at 37 degrees C in the normal range. During hypothermia and after rewarming to 37 degrees C, bicarbonate concentration and total CO2 content of arterial and mixed venous blood remained constant. A physiologic solution was introduced into the peritoneal cavity which was used as a tonometer; the values of equilibrated CO2 content in peritoneal fluid were constant. Neither metabolic acidosis nor hypercapnia developed. Blood acid-base balance in vivo during hypothermia was therefore identical to the behavior of blood in vitro. In addition, the interpretation of the results of acid-base studies, in humans with abnormal central temperature is facilitated when measurements are performed at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6784210 TI - The effect of temperature on the oxygen equilibrium curve of human blood. AB - The oxygen affinity of human blood was measured with the micro blood film technique over six-degree temperature intervals from 13 to 43 degrees C. Results are expressed both as standard curves at pH 7.4 and for conditions of constant carbon dioxide content. P50 (7.4) values found were 5.8, 8.3, 13.2, 19.7, 26.9 and 33.7 Torr at 13, 19, 25, 31, 37 and 43 degrees C, respectively. The shape of the blood oxygen equilibrium curve was invariant with temperature. The measured CO2-Bohr coefficient (delta log P50/delta pH) ranged from -0.46 to -0.51 and was not temperature dependent. P50 data for 7.4 followed a van't Hoff isochore with a slope, delta log P50/delta (1/T K), of -2350 degrees and an apparent enthalpy per mol of oxygen bound of -8.2 kcal/mol. Temperature dependence of blood oxygen affinity expressed for conditions of constant carbon dioxide content exceeds that of the standard curve. New data are used to calculate the temperature dependence of blood oxygen tension at constant total gas content as a function of initial PO2 and saturation. PMID- 6784211 TI - Exchanges between plasma and red cells at a variable temperature. AB - When blood temperature is varied in closed ('anaerobic') conditions, the difference between plasma pH and red cell pH stays remarkably constant. Model studies show that this constancy results from diffusive CO2 equilibration and Donnan equilibrium of HCO3- and Cl- ions, more than from a strictly defined buffer composition. PMID- 6784212 TI - Blood acid-base regulation during environmental hyperoxia in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Blood acid-base balance, blood gases, respiration, ventilation, and renal function were studied in the rainbow trout during and following sustained environmental hyperoxia (PIO2 = 3.50-650 Torr). Animals were chronically fitted with dorsal aortic cannulae for repetitive blood sampling, oral membranes for the measurement of ventilation, and bladder catheters for continuous urine collection. Hyperoxia caused a proportional increase in arterial O2 tension and a stable 60% reduction in ventilation volume (Vw), the latter mainly due to a decrease in ventilatory stroke volume. O2 consumption exhibited a short-term elevation. Arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) rose within 1 h, causing an immediate drop in arterial pH (pHa), and continued to increase gradually thereafter, reaching a value 2-4x the normoxic control level after 96-192 h. Compensation of the associated acidosis by the accumulation of [HCO3-] in the blood plasma started within 5-6 h, and was complete by 48 h. Therefore, further compensation occurred simultaneously with the gradual rise in PaCO2. The kidney played an important active role in this compensation by preventing excretion of the accumulated [HCO3-]. Upon reinstitution of normoxia, PaCO2 dropped to control levels within 1 h, and restoration of blood acid-base status by reduction of [HCO3-] had commenced by this time. A complete return to control values occurred within 20 h. During hyperoxia, an experimental elevation of the depressed Vw above control normoxic levels caused only a minor and transient reduction in PaCO2 and no change in pHa, but injection of branchial vasodilator 1-isoprenaline (10 mumol/kg) produced a large drop in PaCO2 and rise in pHa. It is concluded that the rise in PaCO2 during hyperoxia is mainly due to internal diffusive and/or perfusive limitation associated with branchial vasoconstriction, rather than to external convective limitation associated with the decreased Vw. PMID- 6784214 TI - [Hepatitis non-A, non-B (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784213 TI - [Sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to different antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784215 TI - [Nutritional status of adult patients in a general hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784217 TI - [Genital mycoplasmas and N. gonorrhoeae in prostitutes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784216 TI - [Changes in the activity of protecting systems against lipoperoxidation in experimental malnutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784218 TI - [Mixing bags for intravenous hyperalimentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784219 TI - [Some factors related to low birth weight (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784220 TI - [Parenteral feeding of young children]. PMID- 6784221 TI - [Non-N, non-B hepatitis (hepatitis C): current data]. PMID- 6784222 TI - Pathophysiologic mechanisms causing sleep apnea and hypoventilation in infants. AB - Complete absence of chemoreception in the medulla is characterized by sustained hypoventilation. Except for the first months of life, this deficit does not, of itself, cause apnea. Both in infants who lack central chemical drive, as well as those who are only partly deficient, it is necessary to invoke at least one further pathophysiologic event. Various alterations in gas exchange, especially during sleep, which promote hypoxemia can contribute to a positive feedback effect on ventilation. If gas exchange is further impeded by upper-airway obstruction, only a massive arousal response separates the infant from death. PMID- 6784223 TI - Levels of antibiotic in human blood and interstitial fluid after oral administration of bacampicillin or phenoxymethyl penicillin and intravenous administration of amoxicillin or ampicillin. AB - Levels of antibiotic in the serum and interstitial fluid were determined for 11 volunteers who received conventional doses of either phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) or bacampicillin orally and for 11 volunteers who received either amoxicillin or ampicillin intravenously. The levels of antibiotic achieved in both blood and interstitial fluid were higher in the volunteers who received bacampicillin than in those who received penicillin V. The levels of antibiotic in serum and interstitial fluid of participants in the study who received amoxicillin or ampicillin intravenously were comparable with those achieved with equivalent doses of oral bacampicillin. The lowest levels of antibiotic in serum and interstitial fluid were obtained in volunteers who received oral penicillin V, whereas the highest levels were obtained in those given ampicillin and amoxicillin intravenously. PMID- 6784224 TI - A comparative study of bacampicillin hydrochloride, penicillin V, and amoxicillin in the treatment of acute tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis due to beta-hemolytic streptococci. AB - Fifty-five outpatients with acute tonsillitis and/or pharyngitis due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci were treated during 1978 and 1979. Twenty-nine patients received 400 mg of bacampicillin twice a day, 21 patients received 250 mg of penicillin V four times a day, and five patients received 250 mg of amoxicillin every 8 hr. All except one patient, who was treated with bacampicillin, had a satisfactory clinical response to treatment. The bacteriologic response was satisfactory in all but one patient. None of the 55 patients developed adverse effects that necessitated the discontinuance of the antibiotic in use. No significant differences were found between the clinical or the bacteriologic responses to bacampicillin, penicillin V, or amoxicillin (Fisher's exact test). PMID- 6784225 TI - Postantibiotic suppression of bacterial growth. AB - Persistent suppression of bacterial growth following exposure of both gram positive and gram-negative bacteria to numerous antimicrobial agents was studied. The persistent, or postantibiotic, effect was quantitated by periodic counts of colony-forming units after removal of the drug by washing, dilution, or inactivation with penicillinase. Although a postantibiotic effect was observed with all drugs studied, there were marked differences among drugs in their postantibiotic effects on certain organisms. With gram-positive organisms, concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics near the minimal inhibitory concentration produced persistent effects lasting 1-3 hr. With gram-negative organisms much higher concentrations were required to elicit a postantibiotic effect. Inhibitors of protein and RNA synthesis produced the longest persistent suppression of growth, which was of comparable duration in gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. Only a short persistent effect of gentamicin was observed with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, but a postantibiotic effect lasting 1.6-2.6 hr was observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The duration of the postantibiotic effect was related linearly to concentration of drug and duration of exposure up to a point of maximal response. Persistent effects following exposure to antibiotics were also demonstrated in 90% human serum. PMID- 6784226 TI - [Current aspects of the etiopathogenesis and therapy of amyloid disease: future trends]. PMID- 6784227 TI - [Restimulation of anti-rhesus antibodies and anti-HLA immunization]. AB - Anti-Rh antibodies were restimulated in 32 previously immunized volunteers by injection of small amounts (2 ml) of Rh + fresh blood. The anti-HLA immunization was investigated during this procedure. None of the 10 men developed anti-HLA antibodies. Contrarily 45% of the 22 women showed an anti-HLA antibody before or during the immunization procedure. The HLA type of the husband and of the injected blood was performed to try to explain the specificity of the anti-HLA antibodies. PMID- 6784228 TI - Antigen Nou. A new high frequency Rh antigen. AB - Serum from a D--/D-- allo-immunized woman is found to contain 3 separable antibodies: anti-e, anti-Ee (Rh 17) and a third component which, in contrast to 5 other sera from people with Rh deleted phenotypes, reacts strongly with red blood cells from Mrs Nou., a DIV(C)--/DIV(C)--black woman. The latter component studied by elution and coagglutination using Nou. cells reacts with a hitherto unrecognized public antigen within the Rh system. 2750 random donors, 2Rh mod. individuals and 17 people with public minus phenotypes in other blood group systems were found to express the antigen. 2 Dc--/Dc--, 4 D--/D-- and 4 Rh nul samples were non reactive. The identity of the antibody with anti-Hr (Rh 18) was ruled out since the original anti-Hr failed to react with Nou. red blood cells. PMID- 6784229 TI - The coronary care concept: a review of past achievements and a glance toward the next decade. PMID- 6784230 TI - The values of synthetic substrates in the improvement of diagnostic tests for haemostatic function. AB - The accumulated evidence suggests that synthetic substrates measure a similar biological expression as their natural counterpart with, in some cases, a better precision and simplicity of operation. Proteolytic enzymes are involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes extending from blood coagulation to the release of specific enzymes from certain cells and bacteria. The variation in the level of these proteases, and their inhibitors in plasma or in cells, will be an excellent indicator of any malfunction in the particular system. Excellent agreement between these new generation tests and other conventional methods particularly in measuring fibrinolytic components is seen, and the assay time is cut from hours to a matter of minutes using a reaction rate analyser. Some discrepancy in the estimated potency was observed between methods used for the assay of thrombin, FVIII and several other clotting factors and their inhibitors. There has been methodological improvement and, in some cases, the cause of discrepancy has been revealed. Nevertheless, greater emphasis should still be given to standardization problems. It is, therefore, suggested that until the problems of standardization of various assay methods are resolved and the complications due to non-specificity in chromogenic methods and non selectivity in clotting tests are overcome, the ratio of amidolytic to clotting activities should be included in the request for potency estimations and in the diagnostic assessment. Whether or not the use of substrates should be complementary or supplementary is left to individual centres according to their particular circumstances. PMID- 6784232 TI - [Quick communication on 5 themes in pediatric gastroenterology]. PMID- 6784231 TI - The use of the IgG-latex test in human leukemia. AB - Lymphocytes with receptors for IgG and phagocytes were detected simultaneously by incubating Boyum separated mononuclear cells with IgG coated latex particles. IgG latex particles formed rosettes around lymphoid cells with receptors for IgG, whereas phagocytes ingested these particles. This test was performed on cells from normal subjects and from patients with various diseases involving lymphocyte or monocyte proliferations. The results show that most chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells formed IgG-latex rosettes. Hairy cells from the patients studied showed a similar behaviour but poor phagocytic properties. Acute monocytic leukemia cells, in contrast, were largely phagocytes. This test is easy to perform and does not require sophisticated reagents, thus providing a basis for reproducibility, a rare occurrence in cellular immunology studies. PMID- 6784233 TI - [Meningococcal arthritis simulating articular gonorrhea. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6784235 TI - [Results of treatment of epilepsy with Convulex]. PMID- 6784234 TI - [Evidence of hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) in Triatominae]. PMID- 6784236 TI - Does the HLA region contain the equivalents of the H-2 I-A, I-J, I-E and I-C genes? PMID- 6784238 TI - Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) in pike (Esox lucius L.): clinical, macroscopic, histological and electron-microscopical findings; direct visualization of the Egtved-virus. PMID- 6784237 TI - [Lactobacillus casei endocarditis after aortic valve prosthesis]. AB - A report is presented on a 53-year-old patient with endocarditis caused by Lactobacillus casei 9 years after prosthetic replacement of the aortic valve with a Bjork-Shiley graft. In spite of a delay of about 6 weeks before therapy was started (due to difficulties in identifying the causative agent), treatment with a combination of penicillin G and gentamicin was effective and replacement of the artificial valve was not necessary. Seven months after cessation of therapy the patient is still free of symptoms. No other report of conservatively managed endocarditis due to lactobacilli and involving a prosthetic valve was found in the literature accessible to our group. PMID- 6784239 TI - An experiment that had to succeed. PMID- 6784241 TI - Radioimmunoassay of prolactin. PMID- 6784240 TI - Pathogenesis and management of hemolytic transfusion reactions. PMID- 6784242 TI - A laboratory study of Salmonella paratyphi-A isolated from an outbreak in 1979. PMID- 6784243 TI - A case of primary duodenal carcinoma and small bowel leiomyomas in a patient with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6784244 TI - Hypernatremia during lithium and ticarcillin therapy. AB - A patient being treated for leukemia received lithium carbonate and ticarcillin for sepsis, and polyuria and severe hypernatremia developed. Although useful in neutropenic patients, the simultaneous use of these drugs may result in life threatening hypernatremia. PMID- 6784245 TI - The roentgenogram as scapegoat. PMID- 6784246 TI - Impact of a colposcopy satellite clinic. AB - A community educational program and the introduction of a colposcope in Decatur, Alabama, led to a dramatic decrease in the relative percent of patients evaluated by conization after a positive Pap smear, and a corresponding increase in the relative percent of colposcopic evaluations. The percent of negative or dysplastic tissue diagnoses from conization was reduced from 78% before the colposcopy program to 61% after the program. It was estimated that the colposcopy program resulted in an 81% reduction in the number of conizations and that colposcopy used in lieu of conization resulted in a substantial reduction in both morbidity and cost. PMID- 6784248 TI - [Indicators of humoral immunity and allergy in Pseudomonas infection with septicemia]. PMID- 6784247 TI - Detection of Salmonella C1, D and V1 antigens, by coagglutination, in blood cultures from patients with Salmonella infections. AB - Protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus was coupled to Salmonella C1, D and Vi monovalent antisera to produce C1-, D- and Vi-COAG reagents. The reagents were used to detect their homologous Salmonella antigens in blood cultures (BC). The D and Vi antigens were detected in 79 of 239 BC from patients with suspected typhoid fever and Salmonella typhi was later isolated from the same 79 BC. The C1 antigen was detected in 8 BC from which only S. oranienburg was later isolated. The COAG test was generally positive at the same time the BC became culture positive. However, because of subculture and biochemical identification requirements the COAG test could be interpreted 1-2 days before culture results were available. The COAG test can be used to presumptively identify Salmonella typhi and Salmonella group C1 in blood cultures before the culture results are available. PMID- 6784249 TI - [Disorders of the glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex and metabolism of biologically active substances in the tissues in erysipelas]. PMID- 6784250 TI - [Effect of cytostatics on tumor cells]. PMID- 6784251 TI - [Peripheral vasodilator agents in cardiology]. PMID- 6784253 TI - [Hyperventilation and anxiety states]. PMID- 6784252 TI - Clinical investigation of thyroid disorders. AB - Current investigations of thyroid dysfunction available to the clinician are reviewed and correlated with disease processes. The aim is to provide a simplified guide to the investigation of thyroid disorders. PMID- 6784254 TI - Simultaneous tuberculosis and coccidioidomycosis in end stage renal disease. AB - During a ten year period, tuberculosis and coccidioidomycosis occurred in less than one and three percent respectively of 380 patients who had received dialysis and renal transplants in Southern Arizona. In two patients, who were immunosuppressed by diabetes, renal failure, and inanition, these infections were concurrent and diagnosis was delayed. Because the occurrence of both illnesses in two patients is unlikely by chance alone and because both infections were present when symptoms developed, potentiation of one infection by the other may have occurred. PMID- 6784255 TI - The utility of anoscopy in the rapid diagnosis of symptomatic anorectal gonorrhea in men. AB - Thirty-nine homosexual men seeking treatment for symptomatic proctitis were examined for anorectal gonorrhea by study of gram-stained smears obtained via an anoscope and by a blindly obtained anorectal swab specimen. Anorectal specimens for culture were obtained from all men. The sensitivity of the anoscopically obtained smears was 79% as compared with 53% for the blindly obtained smears. It was concluded that gram-stained smears obtained through an anoscope can provide rapid diagnosis of most cases of symptomatic anorectal gonorrhea. All patients with symptomatic proctitis should have routine anoscopy and examination of gram stained smears obtained via anoscopy as part of their diagnostic evaluation. PMID- 6784256 TI - [Standardization of a method for assaying Factor VIII:C (in a single step). Study of its reproducibility]. PMID- 6784257 TI - Alteration of ribonucleotide reductase in aphidicolin-resistant mutants of mouse FM3A cells with associated resistance to arabinosyladenine and arabinosylcytosine. AB - Aphidicolin-resistant mutants of mouse FM3A cells were isolated and characterized. Most of the mutants were of a type showing associated resistance to arabinosyladenine, arabinosylcytosine, deoxyadenosine, and excess thymidine. This phenotype could also be observed in a variant line selected by resistance to a low level of arabinosylcytosine. In cell-cell hybrids, aphidicolin resistance as well as this cross-resistance behaved a codominant traits. The mutants had an increased dATP pool and decreased ability to incorporate labeled deoxycytidine into macromolecules. Genetic and biochemical evidence suggested that the mutation conferring the pleiotropic phenotype resulted from a change in ribonucleotide reductase activity such that the enzyme was desensitized to the allosteric negative effector dATP. This alteration of the enzyme could account for the marked change in deoxynucleotide pools and for the aphidicolin resistance of the mutants. PMID- 6784258 TI - Role of gastroenterostomy in patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas. AB - A group of 107 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the pancreas who underwent simultaneous biliary bypass and gastroenterostomy were compared with a group of 107 matched patients who underwent biliary bypass only. Hospital mortality was identical. A longer hospital stay was evident after concomitant gastroenterostomy and was related to problems with delayed gastric emptying. However, the patients with this complication had preoperative signs or symptoms suggestive of partial or impending duodenal obstruction. Notably, eight of 53 patients with adequate follow-up data after biliary bypass alone required gastroenterostomy within nine months because of duodenal obstruction. Results of our experience suggest that patients with a favorable prognosis who undergo palliative biliary bypass for carcinoma of the pancreas should also undergo a gastroenterostomy. PMID- 6784259 TI - Surgical problems of diverticula of the small intestine. AB - During a 25 year period at this medical center and the UCLA Center for Health Science, we identified 34 patients who had jejunal or ileal pseudodiverticula. Seventeen of these were treated for a more significant pathologic condition, the diverticula being an incidental finding. Of the remaining 17 patients, six underwent an operation for complications of these diverticula; two of them had diverticulitis of the jejunum; two, a perforated ileal diverticulum, and two others, severe malabsorption. Another two patients had laboratory evidence of malabsorption attributed to the presence of the diverticula and were treated medically. In the remaining nine persons, four were diagnosed as having a functional bowel syndrome and five had undiagnosed abdominal pain. For the group of six patients undergoing an operation, there was a 50 per cent mortality. Our experience gives weight to the contention that, although jejunal and ileal diverticula are rare, in any collected experience with them, significant morbidity and mortality accompanies the complications. PMID- 6784260 TI - A percutaneous method for inserting a feeding gastrostomy tube. PMID- 6784261 TI - Recirculation in the acute period of cerebral infarction: brain swelling and its suppression using mannitol. AB - Using the incomplete cerebral hemisphere infarction model in dogs, observations were made on the effect of 20% mannitol on brain swelling in groups of experimental animals following recirculation. In dogs undergoing 2-hour occlusion, mannitol clearly suppresses subsequent swelling; but after 6-hour occlusion, it was found that mannitol alone had little positive effect. PMID- 6784262 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of trinitrolong and sustac studied with the exercise test]. PMID- 6784263 TI - [Disodium cromoglycate (Intal) in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6784264 TI - Effect of acute and chronic beta-blockade on carbon dioxide sensitivity in normal man. AB - The effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on the respiratory response to carbon dioxide rebreathing was studied in eight normal subjects. Propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol, and placebo were given in random, double-blind fashion. Subjects were studied before each treatment period, after one dose, and after eight days of treatment with each drug. A rebreathing method was used to produce progressive hypercapnia and the respiratory response was assessed by measuring minute ventilation and maximum rate of change of inspiratory mouth pressure. Beta blockade was assessed by the reduction in heart rate during steady state exercise on a cycle ergometer. There was no change in the respiratory response to carbon dioxide after a single dose or eight days treatment of any drug. All three active drugs produced a significant reduction in exercise heart rate. The forced expiratory volume in one second was not altered by any of the drugs. PMID- 6784265 TI - [Epiphrenic diverticulum of the esophagus]. PMID- 6784266 TI - Myofiber damage accompanying intramuscular parasitism by Sarcocystis muris. AB - Myofiber degeneration which results from Sarcocystis infection exhibits a number of fine structural features suggestive of other myopathies and several well defined fine structural features not characteristic of other myopathies. Some of these fine structural features are similar to those observed in intramuscular infections of Trichinella spiralis, another muscle parasite. Major alterations of the myofibrillar contractile apparatus occur at the periphery of the membrane bound parasitophorous vacuole which include splitting and fragmentation of the myofibrils at the longitudinal ends of the parasitophorous vacuole and Z line dissolution at the radial periphery. Membranous structural elements including mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system components become disarrayed as the myofibrils degenerate. Some minor hypertrophy of the sarcoplasmic reticulum occurs in conjunction with initial fragmentation of the myofibrils bu no major dilation or hypertrophy has been observed. There is a distinctive membranous organization of the interface of the parasitophorous vacuole. The presence of pycnotic and fragmenting nuclei, sarcolemmal invaginations with accompanying fibrous connective tissue invasion and large areas of undifferentiated cytoplasm suggest the ultimate necrosis and destruction of infected myofibers. The similarity between morphological features of myofibrillar degeneration accompanying intramuscular Sarcocystis muris infections and those associated with a variety of myopathies resulting from other causes suggests that a common mechanism of muscle response to damage might result in the observed structural degeneration. PMID- 6784267 TI - Effects of Aroclor 1254 on disposition and hepatotoxicity of ethylene in the rat. PMID- 6784268 TI - Effect of a single exposure to cadmium oxide fumes on rat lung microsomal enzymes. PMID- 6784269 TI - Cromolyn sodium toxicity studies in primates. PMID- 6784270 TI - Heavy metal modulation of lymphocyte activities. 1. In vitro effects of heavy metals on primary humoral immune responses. PMID- 6784271 TI - Effect of aurothioglucose on liver and kidney concentrations of copper, iron, manganese and zinc. AB - Sixty male Swiss-Webster mice were given intraperitoneal injections of the gold containing drug aurothioglucose in saline at 3 dose levels: 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg. Controls received i.p. injections of saline. Ten injections were administered over a 3-week period. After sacrifice, kidney and liver concentrations of gold, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and tissues were examined by light microscopy. Dose related increases in liver and kidney gold were found and kidney copper also increased significantly with increasing renal gold content. Kidney copper was 5.05 +/- 0.80 ppm in control animals, and 7.81 +/- 1.11 ppm, 13.01 +/- 2.49 ppm, and 17.11 +/- 4.02 ppm in mice receiving 50, 200, and 400 mg/kg aurothioglucose respectively. Renal zinc and liver zinc and copper were also significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in mice receiving the highest dose of aurothioglucose. There were no other statistically significant differences in tissue concentrations among the various groups of animals for the other liver and kidney metal concentrations determined. Tubular epithelial cells of aurothioglucose-dosed animals often had cytoplasmic vacuoles which contained granular brown-gold material; this effect was dose-related. PMID- 6784272 TI - Experimental formation of cleft palate in mice with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). AB - The teratological effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) was examined using the ddY strain of mouse. PCB in 0.05 ml ethanol was injected daily, subcutaneously into the back of pregnant mice, for 10 days from day 6 of gestation. Cleft palates were found in fetuses at the 18th gestation, with a significant dose response between 10 mg and 50 mg as total body dose of PCB per pregnant mouse. Comparison of these results with simultaneous observations of body weight of dam or fetus, and number of resorbed and dead fetuses, indicated that cleft palate formation was due mainly to the specific effect of PCB and not to its general toxicity. Cleft lip, brachydactyly, and syndactyly were also found. In the control mice receiving no PCB and no treatment, no external malformations were found in 1765 live fetuses. These results demonstrate a teratogenic effect of PCB in the ddY strain of mouse after subcutaneous injection. PMID- 6784273 TI - Preparation of conjugates using two tetanus toxin derived fragments: their binding to gangliosides and isolated synaptic membranes and their immunological properties. PMID- 6784274 TI - Enzyme-linked immunoassay of ricin. PMID- 6784275 TI - Immunological comparison of phospholipases A2 present in rattlesnake (genus Crotalus) venoms. PMID- 6784276 TI - Evaluation of the subacute toxicity and teratogenicity of anatoxin-a. PMID- 6784277 TI - Complete amino acid sequences of two cardiotoxin-like analogues from Bungarus fasciatus (banded krait) snake venom. PMID- 6784278 TI - Specificity of antibodies to the reconstituted crotoxin complex, from the venom of South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus), using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and double immunodiffusion. PMID- 6784279 TI - Histamine reactions due to ingestion of tuna fish (Thunnus argentivittatus) in patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy. PMID- 6784280 TI - Proteases of Cerastes cerastes (Egyptian sand viper) and Cerastes vipera (Sahara sand viper) snake venoms. PMID- 6784282 TI - [Primary radiation therapy of breast cancer (author's transl)]. AB - Many experiences with breast-saving primary radiation therapy following tumorectomy justify the utilization of this method as an alternative to mastectomy. Complications are insignificant, cosmetic results excellent in general, on the condition, however, of rigorous indication, of careful and atraumatic surgical technique and of exactly planned and accurately delivered megavoltage therapy. Local and regional tumor control amounts to 90% in Stage-I cases, to 85% in Stage II, and to about 65% in Stage III. Five-year survival is obtained in 85 to 95% of Stage I cases, in 65 to 75% of Stage II and in about 25% of Stage III cases. Ten-year survival rate lies between 45 and 60%. No sign of secondary malignomas possibly induced by curative radiation therapy has been found till now. PMID- 6784281 TI - Mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1: observations in vivo and their relation to in vitro activation. AB - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was shown to be clastogenic in vivo on the basis of its capacity to produce micronucleated cells and chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone marrow cells. On the other hand, in vitro studies on cultured human lymphocytes suggested only a slight mutagenic action of AFB1. If, however, a microsomal extract isolated from rat liver was added together with the AFB1 (1.92 X 10(-5) M) to the lymphocytes before the incubation period, the yield of chromosomal aberrations and of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) increased markedly indicating that AFB1 must be metabolically converted before it can act as an active mutagen. The use of microsomal extracts for in vitro tests can thus considerably improve the reliability of such tests of mutagenicity although studies in vitro will not be able to entirely replace those in vitro. PMID- 6784283 TI - A further study of the bile acids in infants with coprostanic acidemia. AB - The structure of the bile acids in serum of infants with coprostanic acidemia was further investigated. The identity of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-cholestan-26-oic acid and 3 beta-hydroxy-5-cholesten-26-oic acid was confirmed. The biosynthesis of the 3 alpha, 7 alpha, 12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-C29 dicarboxylic bile acid does not start from beta-sitosterol. PMID- 6784284 TI - Cerebrovascular reactivity and metabolism after subarachnoid hemorrhage in baboons. AB - Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was induced in baboons by puncturing the middle cerebral artery. Four to seven days later cerebral blood flow (CBF) responses to changing PaCO2 and to intracarotid infusion of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 micrograms of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/kg/min were studied using the intracarotid 133xenon clearance technique. Indices of cerebral metabolism were determined by measuring arterio-venous differences for oxygen, pyruvate, lactate and glucose. The results were compared with those from sham-operated baboons. In the sham-operated group normal CO2 reactivity was seen, and 5-HT infusion did not produce any significant change in CBF or cerebral metabolism. By contrast, the group in which SAH was induced showed a significant decrease in CBF and cerebral oxygen utilization, and attenuated CO2 reactivity. PMID- 6784285 TI - Brain tissue pH after global brain ischemia and barbiturate loading in rats. AB - Studies were done on rats to determine whether thiopental loading after complete, transient, global brain ischemia causes more rapid postischemic normalization of brain tissue pH. Fifteen halothane-anesthetized rats were subjected to 16 min of complete global brain ischemia by a combination of systemic arterial hypotension (40 torr) and a high pressure (1500 torr) neck cuff. Brain tissue pH was continuously monitored for up to 2 hour postischemia with microelectrodes (tip diameters of one to two micrometers) inserted about 500 micrometers into the parietal cortex. During ischemia, brain pH fell rapidly within the first 5 min from 7.0 to 6.2 and changed little thereafter. With restoration of arterial pressure and deflation of the neck cuff, pH did not immediately begin to rise back towards normal. Instead, after a few minutes, it transiently fell to even lower values before beginning to increase indicating increased tissue lactic acidosis when the brain is resaturated with glucose upon reperfusion. Beginning at 5 min postischemia, 7 of the 15 rats were infused with thiopental (90 mg/kg, IV over 60 min). At 30 min postischemia, brain tissue pH was similar in both groups and by 60 min, back to preischemic values. We conclude that thiopental loading postischemia does not improve normalization of brain pH. The transient decrease in brain pH with reperfusion is discussed. PMID- 6784286 TI - Effects of hypercapnia on enhancement of decreased perfusion flow in non infarcted brain tissues. AB - The effects of hypercapnia on enhancement of reduced cerebral perfusion were re evaluated in areas of ischemia produced by occlusion of the canine middle cerebral artery. Perfusion was measured by 85Kr (beta-ray) and 133Xe (gamma-ray) clearances, fluorescein angiography and diameter measurement of arteries. Between 45 and 55 mm Hg of PaCO2 rCBF measured with both isotopes increased significantly. When PaCO2 was elevated above 55 mm Hg, there was a remarkable dissociation in the rCBF measured by both isotopes. Cortical blood flow measured by 85Kr clearance decreased and, conversely, rCBF measured by 133Xe continued to increase. Arteries of less than 50 mu in diameter in areas of ischemia dilated significantly during hypercapnia. At PaCO2 above 65 mm Hg, progressive sub-pial hemorrhage and extravasation of dye were observed as side effects of hypercapnia. The use of mannitol combined with hypercapnia appeared to be harmful. A PaCO2 level between 45 and 55 mm Hg increases perfusion in areas of mildly reduced rCBF. PMID- 6784287 TI - Influence of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein (F VIII/vWF) and F VIII/vWF-poor cryoprecipitate on post-ischemic microvascular reperfusion in the central nervous system. AB - To test the hypothesis that plasma contains native constituents capable of impairing microcirculatory flow in zones of acute ischemic tissue damage, we performed 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic blood flow studies in splenectomized dogs subjected to 35 min of cerebrospinal fluid compression ischemia followed by 30 min of recirculation to the neuraxis. The animals were anticoagulated with heparin and were divided into 4 groups by exposure to various measures before induction of ischemia. Groups 1 and 2 served for comparison with the other groups and underwent, respectively, no glass-wool filtration and glass-wool filtration via an arteriovenous shunt. Post-ischemic brain blood flows in Group 1 were low and focal zones of greatly impaired reperfusion were present. In Group 2, post ischemic brain blood flows were high and focal perfusion impairment did not occur. Group 3 received homologous purified factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein (F VIII/vWF) after glass-wool filtration but before induction of ischemia; Group 4 received F VIII/vWF-poor cryoprecipitate at the same time point. The purpose of administering the plasma preparations was to check for the presence of activity that nullified the enhancement of post-ischemic reperfusion expected after exposure to glass-wool. The results indicate that activity deleterious to post-ischemic reperfusion primarily resides in the F VIII/vWF fraction of cryoprecipitate. The F VIII/vWF-poor cryoprecipitate infusate, containing 250 to 800-fold more protein than the F VIII/vWF fraction, produced an intermediate reduction of blood flow. PMID- 6784288 TI - Elution of antibody from red blood cells using xylene--a superior method. AB - Chan-Shu and Blair's findings that xylene produces a strongly reactive eluate from red blood cells have been confirmed and extended. Alloantibodies of 21 different blood group specificities and red blood cells sensitized in vivo, including ABO sensitization of babies' blood, were tested. The xylene method produced stronger reacting eluates than the modified ether method in 70 per cent of the tests. Ether, acid, and heat methods never produced significantly stronger eluates than did xylene. Ether eluates prepared from red blood cells sensitized with anti-S and anti-s were nonreactive, but the same cells yielded easily detectable anti-S and anti-s when xylene eluates were prepared. The xylene method is sensitive and simple. In addition, xylene is not subject to such stringent control of storage conditions by inspection agencies as is ether. PMID- 6784290 TI - Center error reduction by recheck of blood type. AB - Our computer system currently stores donor blood types for seven years and checks typing of all repeat donors against these files. In a recent three-month period (42,500 units), five discrepancies were found--two representing current error. Retrospective analysis of 18 errors made over the last three years showed that 11, or 58 per cent would have been caught by this system. Eight of these latter errors were in Du-typing, and three were ABO errors. These errors lead to patient problems only if the receiving hospital releases the blood in an emergency without retesting. Even were this to happen, significant untoward reactions would be infrequent. The costs of error reduction must be carefully examined. Systems to reduce errors further may be warranted only if hospitals are not longer required to retest blood. PMID- 6784289 TI - Platelet storage: an assessment of the requirements for plasma and oxygen. AB - Platelets from several units of plasma were pooled, and then resuspended either as platelet concentrate (PC) (60 ml) or as platelet rich plasma (PRP) (220 ml) and followed during 72 hours of storage at 22 C. Aggregation, pH, and hypotonic shock response are better maintained in the larger volume of plasma. However the decreased pH and function in the PC is not the result of lactate production. While the relative concentration, expressed in mg/dl, is higher in the PC, the absolute production per platelet and, therefore, the total amount of lactate is higher in PRP. Glucose levels are always sufficiently high to permit glucose to be used as a metabolic substrate even after 72 hours. PC maintained in nitrogen have better in vitro function than do platelets stored either in oxygen or CO2. CO2 can easily diffuse through the plastic bag; the same is not true of oxygen. Less than 15 per cent of the volume of oxygen introduced into the bag passed out through the PVC plastic over a 72-hour period. The data suggest that during storage, anaerobic glycolysis is the preferred metabolic route. The relatively poor performance of the PC maybe the result of limitation of some unidentified substrate or cofactor which is present in plasma and which is necessary for maintaining function. PMID- 6784291 TI - Blood preservation 33. Phosphate enhancement of ribose maintenance of 2,3-DPG and ATP. AB - Blood storage in CPD-adenine supplemented with 25 mM inosine and 10 mM phosphate gave 2,3-DPG levels as high as 140 per cent of normal for six weeks of blood storage at 4 C. Lower but normal 2,3-DPG levels were maintained throughout six weeks with inosine or inosine plus ribose. Ribose alone provided marginally increased DPG maintenance over the control, but ribose with phosphate maintained 2,3-DPG levels above 70 per cent of normal for five weeks of storage and two weeks longer than the control preservative. ATP levels were maintained at normal or above for six weeks with phosphate plus ribose or inosine. 2,3-DPG maintenance has previously been shown to be impaired by phosphate, unless inosine is also present. The ribose and inosine effects on 2,3-DPG maintenance are not additive. Phosphate also has an enhancement effect on ATP maintenance in the presence of either ribose or inosine. PMID- 6784292 TI - Immunological characterization of hemopoietic cells in the common marmoset, rhesus monkey, and man. In search of a model for human marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow, lymphoid, and peripheral blood cells from the common marmoset and rhesus monkey have been tested with a panel of heterologous and monoclonal antibodies, and their reactivity pattern has been compared with that of blood and bone marrow cells from human donors. Conventional antibodies reveal extensive cross-reactivity within the B cell, T cell, and granulocytic systems in all three species, however, some important differences have been exposed. Only the monoclonal antibodies to HLA-A,B,C and Ia-like antigens react with marmoset cells, and we have exploited this finding to show that the vast majority of colony-forming units (CFU-c) in the marmoset bone marrow (as in man) are Ia positive. The use of the common marmoset as a suitable model for human bone marrow transplantation is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 6784293 TI - Preparation, characterization, and primate testing of monoclonal antithymocyte globulin. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for T cells from both the human and rhesus primate species were detected by their ability to inhibit T cell rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes. The antibodies were shown by fluorescence techniques to react with all thymocytes and peripheral blood T cells but not to B cells, monocytes, platelets, or erythrocytes. Rosette inhibition titers of these antibodies were 30 fold lower when rhesus, rather than human T, cells were used as the rosette forming cell in assay. Nonetheless, two monoclonal antibodies, of the IgG3 isotype, termed antithymocyte monoclonal (ATM) e.1 and 2.2, were shown to depress selectively circulating T cells to nondetectable levels following single dose administration to rhesus primates and to prolong skin allograft survival in a rhesus primate given a 6-dose course of treatment. The rhesus primates suffered no ill effects and no peripheral blood cellular component other than T cells was depressed. Monoclonal antibody secreting hybridoma cells are capable of producing ATM 3.1 and 3.2 in quantity when grown as peritoneal tumors in selected mouse hybrids. Purification of ATM 3.1 or 3.2 is easily accomplished by affinity chromatography on protein A. These properties suggest that ATM antibodies may become useful immunosuppressive agents in clinical transplantation. PMID- 6784294 TI - Adenine nucleotide levels and recovery of function after renal ischemic injury. PMID- 6784295 TI - Acute portal hypertension and disseminated intravascular coagulation following pancreatic islet autotransplantation after subtotal pancreatectomy. PMID- 6784296 TI - Prolonged survival of pancreatic islet allografts transplanted beneath the renal capsule. PMID- 6784297 TI - Clonal competition and stability of hybrid myelomas of mouse and rat origin. PMID- 6784298 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies to investigate immunologic cross-reactivity of histocompatibility antigens from various animal species. PMID- 6784299 TI - Monoclonal antibody-recognizing tumor-associated antigen of DBA/2 mouse lymphoma L1210 and its sublines. AB - Tumor-associated antigens of DBA/2 lymphoma L1210 and three immunologic drug resistant L1210 sublines were studied by monoclonal antibodies produced by fusing non-Ig secreting BALB/c myeloma cells with spleen cell of DBA/2 mice immunized with L1210 subline cells that are syngeneic with respect of DBA/2 mice. After the cell fusion, two stable clones of antibody-producing hybridomas were selected for further analysis of the antibody specificity by complement-dependent cytotoxicity and quantitative absorption tests. These clones produced a cytotoxic antibody(s) of IgG2 class recognizing a TAA(s) that was expressed strongly on cells of the immunizing subline as well as on cells of their L1210 sublines, but weakly on the parental L1210 cells. Control normal syngeneic mouse tissues and tumors of syngeneic and allogeneic origins, including those that carry known murine leukemia virus-associated antigens, showed no significant reaction with the antibody, whereas two DBA/2 tumors (i.e., L5178Y and p388-D1) showed weak reactivity. Since all three L1210 sublines were more immunogenic than the parental L1210 cells in eliciting host's tumor graft rejection and contained more TAA than the parent line, the data suggest that the monoclonal antibody obtained may be defining the TAA that is involved in tumor rejection. PMID- 6784300 TI - Immunochemistry of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6784301 TI - Genetics of human immunoglobulins: assignment of the genes for mu, alpha, and gamma immunoglobulin chains to human chromosome 14. PMID- 6784302 TI - Somatic variants in mouse myeloma and hybridoma cell lines. PMID- 6784303 TI - Immunologic preparation of the pancreatic transplant recipient. PMID- 6784304 TI - Segmental pancreas autotransplantation in man following total or near total pancreatectomy for serious recurrent chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6784305 TI - Pancreas organ preservation: a review of the literature and results of the authors. PMID- 6784306 TI - Experimental transplantation of fetal pancreas and isolated islets in the rat: studies of donor pretreatment and recipient immunosuppression. PMID- 6784307 TI - Living-related donor segmental pancreatectomy for transplantation. PMID- 6784308 TI - Prolongation of experimental islet transplant survival by fractionated splenic irradiation. PMID- 6784309 TI - Effect of absence of early insulin response on oral glucose tolerance in islet transplanted rats. PMID- 6784310 TI - New approaches to islet salvage: cryopreservation, culture, and perfusion of pancreatic fragments. PMID- 6784311 TI - Quality control in human islet autotransplantation. PMID- 6784312 TI - Report of clinical cases of islet autotransplantation. PMID- 6784313 TI - Clinical islet transplantation. PMID- 6784315 TI - International human pancreas and islet transplant registry. PMID- 6784314 TI - Allogeneic pancreatic islet transplantation by means of artificial membrane chambers in 13 diabetic recipients. PMID- 6784316 TI - Selection of the diabetic patient for segmental pancreatic transplantation. PMID- 6784318 TI - Cost/effectiveness considerations in clinical trials. PMID- 6784317 TI - Preoperative evaluation of pancreatic transplant recipients. PMID- 6784319 TI - [Detection of ureolytic bacteria in the urine of stone patients (author's transl)]. AB - Using a very sensitive and selective indicator medium we tested the urine of 308 stone patients for ureolytic bacteria. Urease-producing bacteria were found in 41 patients. In the urine of 13 of these patients we found more than 10(4) bacteria/ml and in 28 patients 10(4) or less. 75% of the patients with a positive urease test had infection stones. We believe that the test for urease is a convenient and necessary completion of the bacteriologic-diagnostic measures. PMID- 6784320 TI - Postvoid film of intravenous pyelogram in diagnosis of urethral diverticulum. AB - Urethral diverticulum is a correctable cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in women. It has been found to be present in from 1.85 to 4.7 per cent of all females. The postvoid film of the intravenous urogram (IVP) is the simplest and least invasive method available to diagnose urethral diverticula. It should be a routine part of the IVP in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. PMID- 6784321 TI - [Acid-base equilibrium and partial oxygen tension of the aqueous humor in glaucoma and cataract]. PMID- 6784322 TI - [Interrelation of chronic suppurative otitis media and genetic blood markers]. PMID- 6784323 TI - [Complex assessment of bile duct anastomoses]. AB - Under study were the remote results of choledochoduodenostomy performed by convenient surgical methods and after valvular biliary-intestinal anastomoses by roentgenological fibroduodenoscopic, bacteriological investigations. The valvular anastomoses were shown to have evident advantages. The combination of valvular anastomoses with the correction of disturbed duodenal permeability, if they had been revealed before the operation, was found to be a preferable method. The data are based on the remote results in 80 patients in the terms from 1 to 19 years. PMID- 6784324 TI - An effective program to control equine infectious anemia in Kentucky. PMID- 6784326 TI - [Plasma levels of oxalic acid]. PMID- 6784325 TI - [Toxicity of hydroxyquinoline derivatives]. AB - We studied a 90 day toxicity in dogs of the compound broxyquinoline + broxaldine- 5:1 (enteroquin), applied orally and daily in doses of 0.1 and 0.2/kg t/24 h. We established the toxic manifestations during the period after the 15th day of the treatment: leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytosis (by 0.2 kg t/24 h). After the second and fifth day we observed a decrease of appetite, depression of the CNS, paralyses, arrhythmia, progressing loss in weight, proteinorrhea (more pronounced with those receiving 0.2/kg t (24 h); lethal consequence with some part of the animals 25% (ba 0.1/kg t) and 50% (by 0.2 kg t). We found out pathohistologically necrobiotic changes in the medulla oblongata and the kidneys, toxic distrophy of the liver, blood-vessel injuries. The toxic changes observed can be interpreted in connection with the presence of a species specific reaction. PMID- 6784327 TI - [Epidemiologic technics in tuberculosis]. PMID- 6784328 TI - [Aspects of mother and child care in Romania between the 2 world wars]. PMID- 6784329 TI - [The need for a polyvalent professional education for auxiliary personnel working in rural medical clinics]. PMID- 6784330 TI - [Contribution of auxiliary personnel working in schools on activities in primary prevention]. PMID- 6784331 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with coxarthroses]. PMID- 6784332 TI - [Psycho-motor and affective development of the child]. PMID- 6784333 TI - [Respiratory reeducation for the recuperation of patients with chronic disorders of the respiratory apparatus]. PMID- 6784334 TI - [The role of auxiliary health personnel in the ambulatory industrial unit in view of preventive medical assistance, in curative and rehabilitative therapies]. PMID- 6784335 TI - [Creation of a favorable climate for long-stay hospitalized children]. PMID- 6784336 TI - [Health education in patients with high blood pressure]. PMID- 6784337 TI - Factor VII related antigen as an endothelial cell marker in benign and malignant diseases. AB - The presence and distribution of Factor VIII related antigen (FVIIR:Ag) in formation fixed, paraffin embedded tissue were studied in benign and malignant vascular tumors, inflammatory vascular diseases, normal tissue from various organs and a number of malignant tumors. The unlabeled peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method was utilized. Immunostaining was observed only in endothelial cells, in tumor cells of endothelial cell origin and in megakaryocytes and platelets. The staining method gave a distinct picture of the vascular pattern in all types of tissue examined. The demonstration of FVIIIR:Ag by means of the immunoperoxidase technique is considered a valuable method in diagnosing tumors of vascular origin. The method also facilitates detection of vascular invasion of malignant tumors in small caliber vessels. PMID- 6784338 TI - [Ozonization of the air in living quarters]. PMID- 6784339 TI - [Influence of miskleron (clofibrate) on the carcinogenic effect of 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene and nitrosomethylurea in female rats]. PMID- 6784340 TI - [Role of the sympathetic-adrenal system in the action of parenterally administered nitrous substances on gastric secretory function]. AB - Studies on dogs with a gastric fistula according to Basov and an isolated pouch according to Pavlov have shown the nervous mechanism to underlie the action of parenterally injected nitrous substances. Both parasympathetic and sympathetic portions of the vegetative nervous system are triggered through the brain centers. As a result there occur not only secretion of gastric juice but also inhibition of this secretion caused by parenteral administration of protein hydrolysates and some of amino acids. It has been demonstrated that the sympatho adrenal component is far more pronounced in secretion stimulation by parenteral administration of nitrous substances than in meat feeding. The sympathetic nervous component doses not participate in the effect of moderate doses of pentagastrin or histamine on gastric secretion. PMID- 6784341 TI - [Effect of organophosphate pesticides on oxidative metabolism against a background of a protein-balanced and -imbalanced diet]. AB - A study was made of the effect of acute treatment of rats with intramuscular chlorophos and trichlorometaphos in a dose of 50 mg/kg on oxidation metabolism. The animals who had received low-grade gluten protein demonstrated, in the course of injections of organophosphorous pesticides, a considerable activation of glycolytic enzymes (aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase--LDH), changes in the spectra of LDH isozymes and an increase in the activity of a non-precipitated fraction of dehydrogenases belonging to the tricarboxylic acid series. This indicates the deterioration of aerobic oxidation and compensatory increase in little effective anaerobic pathway of carbohydrate transformation. In control rats, who had received casein, a full-value protein of animal origin, the administration of pesticides gave rise to insignificant changes, which points to the protective role of balanced nutrition aimed against toxic action of organophosphorous pesticides on oxidation metabolism. PMID- 6784342 TI - Scanning electron microscopy shows that both antigen mobility and membrane deformation occur in the hemagglutination reaction. AB - A scanning electron microscopic examination of antibody-induced hemagglutination of human red cells by an improved enzyme-labeled antibody technique and fixation of the reaction sequence with glutaraldehyde shows that both antigen mobility and membrane deformation are necessary for the reaction to occur. PMID- 6784343 TI - Which is the foreseeable future role of ethanol fractionation for the production of the main fractions albumin and immunoglobulins, as well as for the preparation of concentrates of trace proteins like coagulation factors? What is the evidence for a superior performance and practicability of other manufacturing procedures? PMID- 6784344 TI - [Phase contrast method in the laboratory diagnosis of coniotuberculosis]. PMID- 6784346 TI - [Regulating effect of hypocapnia on the ventilation-perfusion ratio in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6784345 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin and fentolamin on regional blood circulation]. PMID- 6784347 TI - Is intensive care unit cost effective? PMID- 6784348 TI - [Serous meningitis of meningococcal etiology]. PMID- 6784349 TI - [Our experience with the treatment of burns with sheep serum against Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6784350 TI - [A new fluoroimmunoassay for quantitation of albumin and IgG in human aqueous humour. Comparison with radial immunodiffusion (author's transl)]. AB - A new fluoroimmunoassay and radial immunodiffusion were used for quantification of albumin and IgG in 30 human aqueous humour samples. Advantages and results of both methods are compared. PMID- 6784351 TI - Evaluation of certain food additives. Twenty-fourth Report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. PMID- 6784352 TI - Control by phospho-adenosinediphospho-ribose of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Streptomyces griseus. AB - The metabolic function of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase in the streptomycin-producing Streptomyces griseus was investigated. Phospho-adenosinediphospho-ribose, the product of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase reaction was shown to interfere as a competitive inhibitor not only with the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (VORONINA et al. 1978) but also with the NADP-dependent isocitrate and 6-phospho-gluconate dehydrogenases. Inhibition kinetics were studied with isocitrate dehydrogenase from pig heart and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase from yeast as well as with mycelial extracts of a mutant of S. griseus lacking NAD(P)-glycohydrolase. PMID- 6784353 TI - [Copper II complexes of N-heterocyclic formylisothiosemicarbazones with antimicrobial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity]. AB - The synthesis of copper(III)-complexes from quinoline-2- or quinoxaline-2 aldehyde-isothiosemicarbazones in pyridine and the elucidation of their structure are described. Some of the new substances exhibit an inhibitory action on growth of gram-positive bacteria, especially Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), furthermore in vitro the beta-lactamase I action is inhibited. Using penicillin-resistant Staphylococci as test strains a strong penicillin-synergistic action was discovered. PMID- 6784354 TI - Degradation of steroids by microorganisms. XVIII. The reversibility of steroid-1 dehydrogenation during microbial side chain degradation of sterols by Nocardia. AB - The aerobic side chain degradation of sterols often leads to mixtures of 1,4 diene and 4-ene compounds. By an additional anaerobic step a practically complete reverse reaction of the steroid-1-dehydrogenation occurs yielding only the corresponding 4-ene compound. PMID- 6784355 TI - Biochemical studies on sporulation in blue-green algae. III. Effect of amino acids on glycogen accumulation. AB - The effect of 21 amino acids was studied on glycogen accumulation during sporulation in the blue-green alga Anabaena sp. All the amino acids enhanced the initial level of glycogen on the 4th day. The maximum amount of glycogen, on the 20th day, was noticed from L-methionine, L-tyrosine, glycine, and L-histidine supplemented cultures. Others like L-serine, L-valine, L-asparagine, DL-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-aspartic acid, L-arginine, and DL-lysine come next in the order. On the other hand, L-cysteine and L-cystine, although upto the the 16th day they exhibited higher values of glycogen, did not show much variation in glycogen content over nitrogen-free medium. Except in these two amino acids, in all others initiation of sporulation occurred on the 4th day, resulting in free spores on the 8th day. But in case of L-serine, L-asparagine, L isoleucine, and L-phenylalanine free spores were noticed only on the 12th day while in DL-lysine they were seen on the 16th day. L-cysteine and L-cystine supplemented media showed free spores on the 20th day as in nitrogen-free control. PMID- 6784356 TI - [Isolation of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase from Streptomyces strains]. PMID- 6784358 TI - [Aspects of immediate prehospital care in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6784357 TI - Exhaustibility of pituitary thyrotropin pool in old age by repeated administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 6784360 TI - [Gas analysis and pH-measurements in pleural effusions (author's transl)]. AB - Gas analysis and pH-measurements were carried out in 57 pleural effusions. High pCO2 and low pH values were found in effusions of pleuritis tuberculosa and chronic pleuracarcinosis, whilst alkalosis was commonly found in the rest of the cases reviewed. PMID- 6784359 TI - [Chemotherapy of tuberculosis and the immunomechanisms of the macroorganism. I. Inhibition of migration of leucocytes and the concentration of serum immunoglobulin A in the phase of prime therapy of tuberculosis of the respiratory system (author's transl)]. AB - The inhibition of migration of leucocytes (stimulated by PPD) and the concentration of serum-immunoglobulin A had been controlled in 50 patients with bacteriologically verified tuberculosis of the respiratory system. All patients showed a clear hypersensitivity of delayed type with inhibition of migration of leucocytes and high concentrations of serum IgA before the therapy run. In patients with effective therapy there resulted a decline of hypersensitivity of delayed type and of the concentration of IgA. All patients, who still had mycobacterium tuberculosae in the sputa in spite of a correct therapy for 3 months no changes of controlled parameters could be recognized. These results will be interpreted that the effect of an antimycobacterial therapy is accompanied by a clear decline of hypersensitivity of delayed type and parallel decline of protective immunity at least of humoral character, likely not very favourable for the patients. PMID- 6784361 TI - [Comparison of the efficiency of the Soviet culture medium no. 3 and the media used for cultivation of mycobacteria in routine in the GDR (author's transl)]. AB - In cooperation of ten laboratories the Soviet culture medium Mo. 3 (FINN) was compared with the media used in the GDR for primary cultivation of mycobacteria in routine (German Pharmacopoeia (diagnostic laboratory methods) GDR). The efficiency of the media tested in the study was nearly the same, not only concerning the number of positive cultures but also in time of growth and the number of colonies. PMID- 6784362 TI - [Health risks from fermentation gases in green feed silage]. PMID- 6784363 TI - [Transplantation of the endocrine pancreas]. AB - The transplantation of the endocrine pancreas has been investigated intensively as one way to optimize the therapy of diabetes mellitus. Starting with the free pancreas transplantation 1966 in diabetics, more recently research has been focused on transplantation of pancreatic islets or fetal pancreatic slices and the segmental pancreas transplantation. These forms of transplantation of the endocrine induced diabetes in various animals. Whereas the transplantation of a dispersed pancreatic preparation (islets or fetal pieces) is not connected with any acute or chronic alternation for the patient, the complication rate of the segmental pancreatic transplantation has to be reduced for a broader clinical application. In the case of islet transplantation the research efforts were concentrated on the improvement of tissue preparation and prolongation of the tissue survival. PMID- 6784364 TI - [Attempt at cost and benefit analysis in the perinatal range (author's transl)]. AB - Our cost and benefit analysis shows that "intensive obstetrics medicine" is obviously profitable from the material point of view and when using restrictive methods of estimation. The drop in perinatal mortality as well as in morbidity and the resulting gain in terms of national economy, however, cannot be considered from the viewpoint of efficiency of intensive obstetrics alone, this being merely one factor among many others. "Cost-Benefit" analyses are complex. Cost is not always clearly defined and cannot always be clearly balanced. Benefit, partly as the result of parameters which are difficult to assess, remains largely speculative. PMID- 6784365 TI - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma in an infant in combination with familial hyperlipoproteinemia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a case in which a type IV and type II/b hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) occurred in combination within one family. The father had Fredrickson IV type HLP, the mother type Fredrickson II/b HLP, and the child (an 11 months old male infant) Fredrickson IV type HLP. The infant with HLP IV showed signs of juvenile xanthogranuloma without lipoid storage. The combination of types IV and II/b within one family is a rarity, and it is interesting that the Fredrickson type IV HLP was associated with juvenile xanthogranuloma without lipoid storage. The literature so far contains no data on the joint occurrence of the two latter conditions. PMID- 6784366 TI - [Electron microscope investigation of the evolutionary stages of the trophozoite of Didymophyes gigantea (Sporozoa, Gregarinida). III. The fine structure of the epicyte with emphasis on the contractile elements (author's transl)]. AB - The fine structure of the epicyte of D. gigantea was investigated. The motility of the gregarine and the contractile elements are described. Four essential types of movements can be observed in this gregarine: (1) rolling up and pendular movements, (2) locomotion by gliding forward, (3) cytoplasmic streaming (Fig. 1), (4) peristaltic contractions (Fig. 2) which seem to be accompanied by the contraction of annular myonemes (Fig. 2). The epicyte is formed by the folding of the parasitic cell wall which is made from three membranes (Figs. 3 and 4). At the top of each fold one can see apical struts between the outer and middle membrane and apical filaments under the inner membrane (Fig. 3). In addition, the epicytic folds are covered by a cell coat which is made from tubular structures (Fig. 5). At the base of the epicytic folds can be observed the basal lamina (Fig. 3) composed of very fine fibrillar material with an average thickness of 2.5 nm (Fig. 6). These fibrils are oriented in the longitudinal axis of the gregarine. Beneath the epicytic fold in the ectoplasm are found the annular myonemes with a width of up to 0.5 micrometers (Fig. 7). They are composed of many fine fibrils with an average thickness of 5 nm. In young trophozoites, the myonemes also contain microtubuli (Fig. 8). Between the epicytic folds, the cell wall is interrupted by three different types of vesicles: the vesicles with an electrondense content (Fig. 9), the three-membranous vesicles (Fig. 10), and the hose-shaped vesicles (Fig. 11). Glycerol-extraction of the parasites was performed in order to define the contractile structures. After extraction the annular myonemes are difficult to recognize (Fig. 13). When ATP is added, the gregarine does not contract but the myonemes reappear after 3 to 4 min (Fig. 14). Differences can also be observed in the myoneme structure using electron microscopy: After extraction, the myonemes are composed of a very limp fibrillar network (Fig. 15) which becomes very dense after the action of ATP (Fig. 16). Glycerol extraction does not disturb either the apical struts and apical filaments or the fibrils of the basal lamina (Figs. 15--17). In addition, cytoplasmic fibrillar structures appear after glycerol extraction (Figs. 15 and 16). The experimental and electron microscope results indicate that the motility of the gregarine depends upon four different systems: (1) the ectoplasmic annular myonemes, (2) the apical structures in the undulating epicytic folds, (3) the cytoplasmic fibrils, and (4) the basal lamina. PMID- 6784367 TI - Humoral suppression in Trypanosoma cruzi infection in relation to the timing of antigen presentation. AB - (CBA x C57 B1/10)F1 mice infected intraperitoneally with 100 parasites of Trypanosoma cruzi strain Y developed an infection with acute and chronic phases. Humoral suppression to sheep red blood cells was evident in both phases but enhancement of the response was achieved only at the beginning of the infection. A mitogen secreted by the parasite could explain both phenomenons. PMID- 6784368 TI - The ultrastructure of Encephalitozoon cuniculi growing in renal tubules of rabbits. AB - A wild type rabbit infected orally with cell culture-grown Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Twelve weeks after infection the rabbit was killed and blocks of kidney tissue were fixed for histology and electron microscopy. E. cuniculi were observed within kidney collecting tubule cells. The ultrastructure and development of E. cuniculi in these cells was similar to that described in cultured cells and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6784369 TI - Double diffusion analysis of antigens released from Plasmodium knowlesi in vitro. AB - Two parasite-derived antigens (designated band 1 and band 2) were identified upon double-diffusion analysis of culture medium from reinvading culture of P. knowlesi. Band 1 antigen showed characteristics with the R-antigens of P. falciparum while the other was similar to the P. falciparum L-antigens. Both antigens appeared to be largely particulate in character and did not display any obvious variant-specificity. Analysis of plasma from rhesus monkeys infected with the same antigenic variant showed the presence of band 1 antigen only. PMID- 6784370 TI - [Those who pay: questions on the assumption of costs in long-term drug rehabilitation]. PMID- 6784371 TI - [The drug problem as seen from the viewpoint of long-term therapy]. PMID- 6784372 TI - [Basic nuclear proteins in normal and atypical eukaryote spermatogenesis]. PMID- 6784373 TI - [Regulation of cell division and tumor growth]. PMID- 6784375 TI - [Isolation of gonococcal L forms from patients and their role in the pathology of gonococcal infection]. PMID- 6784374 TI - [Hypothalamic and hypophyseal hypogonadism in males]. PMID- 6784376 TI - [beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase in sporeforming microorganisms. III. Substrate specificity and action patterns of some Bacillus-beta-glucan-hydrolases (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out concerning substrate specificity and action patterns of seven Bacillus-endo-beta-glucanases produced by the species, B. subtilis, B. macerans, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. circulans, B. laterosporus, B. pumilus and B. polymyxa. All enzymes with the exception of beta-glucanase from B. macerans hydrolyze lichenan and barley-beta-glucan only and were without action on laminaran and CM-cellulose. It was suggested that hydrolysis products of beta glucanase produced by B. macerans were markedly different from the products of the other enzymes. We conclude that B. macerans enzyme, which cleaves laminaran and beta-1,3-1,4-glucans, represents "laminarinase" type (1-3-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolase, E.C. 3.2.1.6). On the other hand the glucanases produced by the other Bacillus strains belong to "licheninases" 1-3,1-4-beta-D-glucan glucanohydrolases, E.C. 3.2.1.73). PMID- 6784377 TI - Bacterial food-poisoning versus coliforms-faecal streptococci and gamma radiation survival/dose. AB - All the species tested were sensitive to gamma radiation treatment, even at a dose as low as 0.001 Mrad. The spore-former Bacillus cereus (PCJ 213) proved to be more resistant than the rest of the tested species, while the Gram-negative organisms were more susceptible to irradiation treatment. The tolerance among those organisms is depicted by the descending order: Proteus vulgaris, irregular VI, Escherichia coli I, E. coli III, and Salmonella typhi-murium. Yet all the tested faecal streptococci species, with the exception of Streptococcus bovis, may be regarded as holding an intermediate position between the more resistant B. cereus (PCJ 213) and the more sensitive Gram-negative organisms. PMID- 6784378 TI - [beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase in spore-forming microorganisms. IV. Properties of some Bacillus-beta-glucan-hydrolases (author's transl)]. AB - The beta-glucan-hydrolases produced by seven Bacillus species have been characterized with regard to some physicochemical properties. Ca-ions stabilize all tested glucanases. Optimum pH and optimum temperature were found to be different for the investigated enzymes. In the work presented here is given further characteristics of Bacillus-beta-glucan-hydrolases as pH-stability and temperature stability, sensibility on glucono-1,5-lactone, as well known inhibitor of carbohydrases, and electrophoretic mobility on cellulose acetate sheets. PMID- 6784379 TI - [Jejunostomy in stenosis of the esophagus and pylorus caused by chemical burns]. PMID- 6784380 TI - [An oral enteritis-vaccine composed of twelve heat inactivated Enterobacteriaceae. 2. Communication: the immunogenicity after treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal juice proved in an active mouse protection test (author's transl)]. AB - In the first communication (3), we reported on the conception, the composition, and the efficacy of the polyvalent oral vaccine from 6 strains of salmonellae, 2 strains of shigellae, and 4 strains of dyspepsia coli. The inactivation took place at 100 degrees C/3 min. The question going to be answered in this communication was as follows: Does the immunogenicity of the vaccine decreased during the gastrointestinal passage under influence of acid and enzymes? We allowed the vaccine to react with simulated gastric juice and/or pepsin at pH = 3 and 37 C/60 min on the one hand and with simulated intestinal juice and/or pancreatin at pH = 7 and 37 degrees C/180 min on the other hand either individually or in combination. The vaccinal preparations produced this way were examined for their immunogenicity in the mouse protection test. The mice were orally immunized with the aid of a probang for ten times (total dose = 3.75 x 10(10) germs) and intraperitoneally infected with the virulent enteropathogenic strain of E. coli 2,380 being contained in the twelvefold vaccine on the 10. day after the last oral vaccination. In the main test, 70.4% of 351 non-vaccinated control animals died. 277 mice were immunized with the vaccine having been treated in the strongest way (gastric juice + pepsin + intestinal juice + pancreatin); 4.0% of those died which is an index of efficacy of 94.3. The mice immunized with untreated vaccine served as positive controls and were protected in the same way; 3.1% of 255 mice died (index of efficacy = 95.6). The results show that the simulated gastro-intestinal passage did not have a negative influence upon the immunogenicity of the polyvalent vaccine. PMID- 6784381 TI - Preparation of specific Escherichia coli K88 antisera by means of purified K88ab and K88ad antigens. AB - Escherichia coli K88ab and K88ad antigens were isolated from K88 antigen producing E. coli K12 transconjugants and purified by means of repeated column chromatography. Injection of about 1 to 2 mg of the purified antigens into rabbits yielded specific K88ab and K88ad antisera. Attempts to obtain specific K88ac antiserum by means of this procedure failed. PMID- 6784382 TI - [Lipase and phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus of different origin. I. Determination and occurrence (author's transl)]. AB - Lipase and phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus of different origin were demonstrated qualitatively by agar diffusion on tributyrin- and lecithin agar. On test media with either 0,3% Na-azide or 0,3% KCN lipase-activity was not inhibited, phospholipase C, on the other hand, completely blocked (Table 1, Fig. 2). In this manner a tentative differentiation was possible between lipase and phospholipase C. For the quantitative determination of lipase the hydrolysis of p nitrophenyl palmitate proved to be most useful (Fig. 1). S. aureus-cultures of human origin produced more often and more actively lipase and phospholipase C than those from cattle (Table 2). PMID- 6784383 TI - Prevalence of serological groups of Neisseria meningitidis and their susceptibility to 31 antimicrobial agents. AB - One hundred and forty four strains of Neisseria meningitidis were isolated from pathological specimens and from carriers. The source of material was randomized in Poland. Out of seven existing serological groups of Neisseria meningitidis, no strains belonging to groups D and X were isolated. Serological group B was dominating; strains isolated from patients comprised 68%, while strains from carriers were group B-positive in 52%. Pathological specimens revealed presence of strains belonging to groups A, B and C only. All strains were tested toward susceptibility to 31 antimicrobials (8 penicillins, 5 cephalosporins, 3 tetracyclines, 4 sulphonamides and 11 other drugs). Most effective were: penicillin, carbenicillin, amoxycillin, cephalothin, and sulphonamides. Some sulphonamide-resistant strains, especially belonging to serological group C and to a lesser extent to group B, have been isolated. PMID- 6784384 TI - [Demonstration of species-specific teichoic acids in staphylococcal species with reference to protein A activity (author's transl)]. AB - Serologically different teichoic acids could be demonstrated as polysaccharide antigens in staphylococcal species by immunodiffusion (Fig. 1) and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (GSE, Fig. 2). Staphylococcus aureus contained polysaccharide A, S. epidermidis polysaccharide B, S. saprophyticus polysaccharide A beta C, and S. hyicus polysaccharide C (Table 2). These polysaccharides were specific for staphylococcal species and could not be found in micrococci. The antigen preparations for the GSE were autoclaved suspensions of the staphylococcal and micrococcal cultures. The specific antisera (Table 1) were obtained after absorption with pronase-treated staphylococcal reference strains. Treatment with pronase removed protein A from the absorbing staphylococci. In this manner the "nonspecific" loss of specific antibodies was prevented. This would have occurred by the attachment of the Fc-component of immunoglobulin G to protein A of S. aureus. The precipitin-lines contained the polysaccharide-antigens and not protein A. PMID- 6784385 TI - [A simple method for differentiating methicillin-resistant, penicillinase positive and -negative staphylococci by agardiffusion test (author's transl)]. AB - Coagulase-positive staphylococci (41 methicillin-resistant strains, 28 penicillinase-positive and 12 penicillinase-negative strains) were tested against most types of penicillines commercially available on the Austrian market using both broth-dilution test (incubated during 48 hours at 35 degrees C) and agardiffusion tests (incubated during 24 hours at 30, 35 and 37 degrees C) employing Mueller-Hinton-broth and -agar, respectively, in order to find out the most convenient way of detecting methicillin-resistant strains. Consecutively, the conclusions drawn from these experiments were verified for tests on Isosensitest-agar (Oxoid). It was demonstrated that methicillin-resistant strains could be detected easily with discs of methicillin and oxacillin at 30 degrees C (Fig. 1). At 35 degrees C this was nearly as easily possible for methicillin but oxacillin discs had to be used at amounts of 1 microgram instead of 5 microgram. Excepting penicillin G-discs with the other penicillines differing numbers of methicillin-resistant strains would have been missed at 37 degrees C (Fig. 1, 2). Only with discs containing 6 microgram penicillin G methicillin-resistant strains were unequivocally identifiable in the agardiffusion test at all 3 incubation temperatures (Fig. 3), the largest inhibition zone diameter being 12 mm. Penicillinase-positive but methicillin-sensitive strains always produced larger inhibition zones up to 30 mm. From these strains again penicillinase-negative strains were equally well distinguishable by much larger inhibition zones. So, the conclusion was drawn that on Mueller-Hinton agar one disc loaded with 6 microgram of penicillin G allows proper distinction not only of methicillin resistant and -sensitive but also of penicillinase-positive and -negative strains of staphylococci. On Isosensitest-agar this is true for an incubation-temperature of 35 but not 37 degrees C (Tab. 1). PMID- 6784386 TI - [Allergization of the organism by Neisseria meningitidis. II. studies concerning the results of vaccine therapy in diseases caused by bacterial allergy (author's transl)]. AB - A three years' study was performed regarding the influencing of vaccine therapy in 360 patients affected with diseases caused by bacterial allergy. An evaluation was made concerning the effects obtained by treatment with autovaccines in 110 patients, with stock vaccines in 60 patients, with autovaccines enriched with strain Neisseria meningitidis (N.m) in 60 patients, and with stock vaccines enriched with N.m. in 130 patients. N.m. was added to the vaccines because of its highly positive reaction in skin tests and its frequent occurrence in asthma patients (15.45%). A possible allergization of the organism by this microorganism was studied. A comparison between the final therapeutical results showed statistically far better treatment results through autovaccines enriched with N.m. (74.9%) in contrast to treatment with autovaccines where the percentage amounted to 71.7%, with stock vaccines to 64.9%, and stock vaccines enriched with N.m. to 64.6%. Our studies led to the suggestion that more attention should be paid to the presence of N.m. in patients affected with diseases caused by bacterial allergy and that studies on a possible contribution of the above microorganism in the sensibilization of the organism should be continued. PMID- 6784387 TI - Nosocomial spread of gentamicin-tobramycin resistance in hospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter sp. origin, development and transfer of R plasmids from pseudomonas to enterobacter. AB - In the Medical Centre of the University of Bratislava the period between 1975 and 1976 was studied with regard to a rather limited use of Gentamicin (GEN) which was then followed by a period of excessive administration thereof due to a change in the availability of the antibiotic. As a consequence, GEN-resistant (GENR) Pseudomonas appeared in two medical wards, which resistance however, was non transmissible. A few month later, however, transfer of GENR was demonstrated as a co-transfer with other types of resistance. For the first time in 1979 strains of P. aeruginosa transferring GENR directly appeared as rather individual, dispersed strains. Later in 1979, clustered outbreaks of hospital infections caused by GENR Entrobacter sp. transferring GENR appeared as single as well as mixed infections. Interspecies transfer from P. aeruginosa to Enterobacteriaceae, and vice versa, was demonstrated in vitro. Identity or close similarity of enzyme patterns inactivating aminoglycoside antibiotics in P. aeruginosa and Enterobacter suggest that genes for GENR could be transposed from P. aeruginosa under the massive selective pressure of GEN. PMID- 6784388 TI - High-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological assay in the determination of serum levels using cefradine and cefaclor. AB - A method for the identification of cefradine and cefaclor by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described in detail. The antibacterial activity in the serum of ten subjects was determined by microbiological methods and by the HPLC method. No statistically significant difference exists between the values obtained by the two procedures. No decomposition of antibiotic occurs in the preparation of the serum sample for HPLC. The recovery rate was 94-105%. With the HPLC method 10 samples can be analysed within 70 min. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. PMID- 6784389 TI - [Observations on the fecal streptococcal flora in carnivorous domestic animals (author's transl)]. AB - From 1200 feces-samples streaks of carnivorous domestic animals (1027 from dogs, 173 from cats) 744 streptococci-strains were isolated and differentiated. 87% proved their, self to be streptococcus group D/enterococcus, 13% falled to 11 others species, much-numerous represented streptococci of Viridans-group (Sc. MG, Sc. milleri, Sc. salivarius, Sc. viridans), Sc. group G (beta-hemolytic biotypes) and Sc. lactis (group N). Among the group D-spezies the most showed species at dogs was Sc. bovis (35%), retinued by Sc. faecium and Sc. durans (ever about 18%) and the both Sc.-faecalis-sub-spezies var. liquefaciens and var. faecalis (ever about 8%). At cats, the relation respecting to group D-shares, especially of Sc. bovis, were strong varying. All together an interesting survey on the qualitative composition of the streptococcal flora in dog- and cat-intestine was obtained. PMID- 6784390 TI - [Penicillin-resistance as indicator of resistance of Staphylococcus aureus towards cephalosporines and structure-related substances (author's transl)]. AB - 81 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (41 methicillin-resistant and 40 -sensitive ones) were tested against older and newer cephalosporines in both broth-dilution and agardiffusion-tests using Mueller-Hinton (MH)-broth and MH-agar respectively in order to establish the degree of parallel-resistance. The substances used were cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefamandol, cefuroxim, cefoxitin, cefotaxim and cefsulodin. Furthermore, for reasons of comparison the relatively new substance "Oxabetalaktam" was included in the investigation. As shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1 all methicillin-resistant strains required at the average at least 10 times the concentrations of cephalosporine (excepting cefsulodin) which was necessary to inhibit methicillin-sensitive strains. Again excepting cefsulodin, for each cephalosporine there was a clear bimodal distribution indicating a clear separation of both populations of strains: methicillin-sensitive and -resistant ones. Cephalothin cannot be used as test substance in agardiffusion-tests with staphylococci as there is no correlation between MIC and the inhibition zone size (Fig. 2). This is not necessary, anyway, since all methicillin-resistant strains must be regarded as resistant against virtually all cephalosporines available on the market (with the possible exception of cefamandol). By contrast, all methicillin-sensitive strains may be attacked successfully by concentrations of cephalosporines that are thought to be also effective in vivo. Since in agardiffusion-tests methicillin-resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus are recognizable as easily as are otherwise merely penicillinase-producing ones (5) by using a paper disk loaded with 6 microgram benzyl-penicillin and since infections due to other grampositive organisms than staphylococci are no indication for treatment with cephalosporines there is no need to test any other betalactam-antibiotic than benzyl-penicillin with gram-positive organisms. PMID- 6784391 TI - [Enzyme-immuno-assay in listeriosis: detection of antibody and antigen (author's transl)]. AB - An enzyme-immuno-assay (EIA) was developed for the determination of antibodies to Listeria monocytogenes O- and H-antigens of serotypes 1 and 4b, which are predominant in the Federal Republic of Germany. The results correlated well with the tube agglutination but the titers in EIA were considerably higher. Thus one advantage of EIA was its sensitivity. In addition, the EIA offers the possibility to detect antibodies belonging to different immunoglobulin classes. The EIA is easy to perform and required smaller amounts of reagents than the tube agglutination. Since optical densitys is determined in the EIA, the data obtained in this system are less variable than the tube agglutination which is read by eye. The method proved also to be useful for the detection of Listeria-Antigen. Approximately 0.3 microgram/ml of H-antigen could still be detected in the EIA. Since the serological diagnosis of Listeria-infections is hampered by the cross reactions to various other bacterial antigens the detection of Listeria-antigen by a sensitive immunological procedure could be of considerable value. This is especially the case when culture procedures are not promising, e.g. during or after antimicrobial chemotherapy. PMID- 6784393 TI - Alcaligenes odorans, var. viridans as a hospital infectant. AB - The hazards of acquiring a nosocomial infection are significant even in modern hospitals in spite of aseptic procedures and antibiotics. In order to prevent or stop a hospital epidemic it is necessary to know or to recognize the infective agent, its source and its way of spreading. This is not always easy, esp. with some potential pathogens which are frequently found in the pathological materials as well as in the hospital environment. In the described series of hospital spread of Alcaligenes odorans, var. viridans, it was not difficult to identify the bacterium, it was easy to state the source and not very hard to eradicate it. The way of spreading, however, remained unclear. Hospital infections occur everywhere, even if sometimes unrecognized. With modern treatments facultatively pathogenic bacteria are increasingly becoming hospital infectants. Our aim was to look for such ones, esp. if not described yet as hospital infections. PMID- 6784392 TI - Comparison of antigenic properties among several strains of weak beta-hemolytic treponeme isolated from swine and a dog. AB - Agglutinin-absorption and precipitin-absorption studies demonstrated that three strains of weak beta-hemolytic treponeme isolated from cases of diarrhea of swine and from a clinically normal dog were antigenically different from each other. PMID- 6784394 TI - Air aspirator for the detection of Aspergillus flavus in foodstuffs. AB - The principle of aspiration as a sampling method for the detection of Aspergillus flavus in foodstuffs was used. The importance of the type and quality of the nutrient medium to be used for the isolation of A. flavus in this connection is discussed. PMID- 6784395 TI - Potential producers of aflatoxin in working environment. AB - It has been investigated the amount of the viable germs of A. flavus in the environment of the food-stuff establishment, where peanuts and hazel nuts, almonds, crushed coconuts, tea and other food-stuffs, imported from tropical and subtropical countries, were processed and packed. In the air of the store-hall have occurred the most 3.73 x 10(2) and in the air of the working-halls, where they were manipulating with food-stuffs - the most 6.2 x 10(3) germs of A. flavus/m3. From the samples of the sedimented dust were isolated at least 0.4 x 10(1), the most 1.3 x 10(4) colonies of A. flavus/g. From 57 investigated strains produced aflatoxin B1 64.9%. The authors are discussing about a professional risk for the workers of some establishments during the manipulation with food-stuffs or feeds, which are contaminated with germs of toxinogenic moulds and with mycotoxins. PMID- 6784396 TI - [Demonstration of antibodies against HCG in cattle using GEDELISA]. PMID- 6784397 TI - Investigations on the PGF2a concentration in maternal and foetal cotyledons of cows with and without retained foetal membranes. PMID- 6784398 TI - Thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentration in the serum of bull-calves and its dependence season of birth and relationship to body weight gain. PMID- 6784399 TI - Progesterone in milk fat of buffaloes during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. PMID- 6784400 TI - Effects of chloral hydrate and its combination with thiopental sodium in buffalo calves. PMID- 6784402 TI - Oxygen unloading potential in bovines in health and stress. PMID- 6784401 TI - [Glutathione peroxidase activity in fattening calves with different iron intake]. PMID- 6784403 TI - Haemodynamics, blood gas and metabolic alterations during thiopental anaesthesia in buffaloes. PMID- 6784404 TI - Bioavailability of bromhexine in the horse. PMID- 6784405 TI - [Effects of giving excess protein to horses]. PMID- 6784406 TI - [Demonstration of estrogen receptors in perianal tumors in dogs]. PMID- 6784407 TI - Enzyme, metabolite and electrolyte levels in the blood of ducks in Israel. PMID- 6784408 TI - Postmeiotic NOR-expression during spermiogenesis of the domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica L.). PMID- 6784409 TI - The direct influence of stallion semen on progesterone production in cultured corpus luteum cells. PMID- 6784410 TI - [Effects of Alpine grazing]. PMID- 6784411 TI - Pseudotruncus aortalis per atresiam in a calf. PMID- 6784412 TI - Feed value of heated and unheated cassava starch for chicks. PMID- 6784413 TI - A study of bovine acrosomal proteins. PMID- 6784414 TI - Flavoproteins, glutathione and NADH oxidation rate in the liver of rats of various ages. PMID- 6784415 TI - Influences of starvation on mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial flavoproteins. PMID- 6784416 TI - [Isolation and study of the intracellular proteins of tuberculous mycobacteria]. PMID- 6784417 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of the cytoplasmic fraction of group A streptococci]. AB - The immunochemical and chromatographic analysis of a cytoplasmic preparation, obtained from group A (type 5) streptococcus by the mechanical disintegration of microbial cells with subsequent centrifugation, was carried out. The gel filtration of cytoplasm on Sephadex G-100 allowed to observe the distinct separation of the material into 2 fraction. The serological study of sera from patients with rheumatism and chronic tonsillitis, as well as hyperimmune rabbit sera, indicated that the antigenic activity of the cytoplasmic preparations was almost completely determined by the high-molecular fraction. The rechromatography of this fraction on a column packed wtih DEAE cellulose resulted in the isolation of 2 immunologically active subfractions. PMID- 6784418 TI - [Immunochemical analysis of water-soluble antigen complexes isolated from typing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of different O-serogroups]. AB - Cross immunoelectrophoresis in agarose and immunodiffusion in agar gel were used to carry out the immunochemical analysis of water-soluble antigenic components isolated from P. aeruginosa of different O-serogroups (according to Lanyi's classification). Immunodiffusion revealed the presence of 1--3 common antigens and 1 specific O-antigen in aqueous extracts. Experiments with the use of cross immunoelectrophoresis indicated that 1--12 common antigens could be detected in aqueous extracts. The reference preparation, produced on the basis of the cell mixture of 9 P. aeruginosa strains, contained up to 47 antigenic components, many of them being common to the strains of different O-serogroups (immunotypes). PMID- 6784420 TI - [Certain physico-chemical, structural, and functional characteristics of staphylococcal enterotoxins]. PMID- 6784419 TI - [Production of erythrocyte Fab-, kappa-, and lambda- diagnosticums]. PMID- 6784421 TI - [Development of bilirubin-UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and the concentration of transport proteins Y and Z of rat liver under postnatal hypoxia]. AB - The development of bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyltransferase (bili.-UDP-GT) activity and the concentration of transport proteins Y and Z from the livers of Sprague Dawley rats were studied in the first 20 days from birth and compared to the findings obtained on postnatally hypoxic rat newborns. The activity of bili.-UDP GT is very low immediately after birth, and rises within the first 4 days to values distinctly exceeding adult values. Onset of hypoxia within the first 3 h of life inhibits the development of bili.-UDP-GT; later onset of hypoxia is without effect. The development of Y and Z transport proteins proceeds more slowly than that of bili.-UDP-GT. The binding properties of the Y protein in regard to substrate affinity. There is evidence in newborns for interactions in terms of cooperative binding. No influence of hypoxia on the development of Y and Z transport proteins is demonstrable. PMID- 6784422 TI - Kinetics of 51CrEDTA in the rat. AB - The kinetics of 51Cr EDTA in the rat has been analysed. A single bolus injection after an equilibration period of 30 min, resulted in a steep monoexponential plasma clearance (T 1/2 = 40.8 +/- 4.3 min). To facilitate estimation of the EDTA space, renal clearance was eliminated by renal vascular ligation. The extrarenal clearance of EDTA was very slow (T 1/2 approximately 800 min) according to a linear function. The EDTA space was 25.7 +/- 1.8 ml/100 g body weight. The EDTA space is considered to measure the extracellular fluid volume. PMID- 6784423 TI - Short- and long-term fluctuations in plasma prolactin concentration in normal subjects. AB - The physiological changes in plasma prolactin concentration were studied in 447 normal subjects, including 65 men, 75 pre-menopausal women and 307 post menopausal women. The within-day and day-to-day variation as well as the circadian and circannual rhythm of plasma prolactin levels were determined. Furthermore, the relationship between changes in prolactin and oestradiol-17 beta levels during the normal menstrual cycle and in the climacteric was studied. Pre menopausal women had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher basal plasma prolactin concentration than men and post-menopausal women. Furthermore, they had significantly (P less than 0.01) higher day-to-day variation than men. This suggests that prolactin in women is secreted in a pulsatile fashion. Only small seasonal variations in both sexes were seen. The levels of plasma prolactin during the ovulatory and the luteal phase in the cycle were significantly (P less than 0.02) higher than that of the follicular phase, and a positive correlation between changes in plasma concentration of oestradiol-17 beta and prolactin was found. Also in post-menopausal women a relationship between plasma concentration of prolactin and oestradiol-17 beta was seen. It is concluded that the assessment on the physiological variation recorded during sleep in both sexes. However, only in women day-to-day changes and the changes related to the menstrual cycle and the climacteric are of importance. PMID- 6784424 TI - The TSH response to TRH is exaggerated in primary testicular failure and normal in the male castrate. AB - Basal TSH levels and the TSH response to TRH have been evaluated in 26 males aged 20-48 years with primary testicular failure, and 6 males aged 58-69 years who had been orchidectomised for prostatic carcinoma. The patients with testicular failure were sequentially challenged at 30 min intervals with iv LRH (100 microgram), TRH (200 microgram) and the dopaminergic antagonist, metoclopramide (10 mg). The castrates received a bolus of LRH and TRH given together. The responses in the 2 patient groups were compared to a group of 28 healthy male controls aged 20-40 years, who received the sequential protocol and 8 elderly controls aged 65-79 years, who were given the LRH, TRH bolus. Mean +/- SD basal TSH levels were 3.0 +/- 1.2 muU/ml in primary testicular failure and significantly greater than both control and castrate groups. The peak TSH response to TRH was 18.4 +/- 7.4 muU/ml in testicular failure and significantly greater than in the young controls, where it was 11.5 +/- 5.0 muU/ml. The peak levels in the castrates and in the elderly controls were similar to the young male controls. Total T4 and T3, as well as FTI, primary testicular failure had a reduction in their T3 resin uptake. The normal TSH profile in the castrates indicates that a testicular factor produces the exaggerated responses in primary testicular failure. PMID- 6784426 TI - Increase in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in lysinuric protein intolerance. AB - The common occurrence of increased serum PBI concentration in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) was elucidated by further studies. The reason was found to be an increase in the concentration of thyroid binding globulin (TBG), concomitantly with an increase in the binding capacity of TBG. The concentrations of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were elevated, whereas the free thyroxine index remained normal. The free triiodothyronine index was slightly increased. The binding capacity of thyroid hormone binding pre-albumin (TBPA) was significantly decreased. The concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine (3,3',5'-T3) and of 3,3'-diiodothyronine were normal. In all patients serum lactic acid dehydrogenase activities and ferritin concentrations were elevated. The reason for the almost constant increase in TBG remains obscure. It may be related to the primary disorder of LPI, a defect in diaminoacid transport. PMID- 6784425 TI - Oestrogen-like effects of tamoxifen on the concentration of proteins in plasma. AB - The concentrations of 11 plasma proteins were determined by electroimmunoassay in 6 female and one male patient before and after treatment for 1-4 months with tamoxifen (30 mg/day) for advanced cancer. The concentrations of transcortin, sex hormone binding globulin, pregnancy zone protein, apolipoprotein AI and thyroxine binding globulin increased significantly. The concentrations of orosomucoid and haptoglobin decreased significantly. The concentration of albumin, transferrin, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein showed no significant change. The changes after treatment with tamoxifen were thus similar to those which occur after the administration of oestrogens or during pregnancy although they were quantitatively less pronounced. There were also differences in the pattern of change between treatment with tamoxifen and during pregnancy. There was no apparent relationship between response to treatment and changes in concentration of plasma proteins. PMID- 6784427 TI - Serum prolactin and thyrotrophin responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone at different times of the day in normal women. AB - In order to determine whether or not the pituitary responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) changes during the nyctohemeral cycle, 10 healthy regularly cycling women were given 200 microgram of TRH at 02.00 h, 10.00 h and 18.00 h with at least a 32 h interval between each test. Serum prolactin (Prl) and thyrotrophin (TSH) in 7 of the 10 women were measured serially before and after TRH administration. The mean basal Prl levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.01) at 02.00 h than at 10.00 h and 18.00 h. The mean basal TSH levels were higher, although not significantly, at 02.00 h than at 10.00 h and 18.00 h. Although a higher TSH release occurred at 02.00 h than at 10.00 h and 18.00 h, the mean serum TSH and Prl peak responses to TRH were statistically similar in the three groups of tests. The integrated changes scores, calculated as the difference between the average post-TRH hormonal release and the average baseline levels, although higher in the 18.00 h test for Prl and the 02.00 h test for TSH, were not statistically different among the three tests. PMID- 6784428 TI - Effects of graded doses of triiodothyronine on TSH synthesis and secretion rates in hypothyroid rats. PMID- 6784429 TI - Diagnostic and therapeutic problems of hyper-prolactinemia in women. PMID- 6784430 TI - Hypogonadism in a male with immunologically active, biologically inactive luteinizing hormone. PMID- 6784431 TI - [Acute non-A non-B viral hepatitis]. AB - Thirty-one patients HBs Ag negative seen between january 1978 and june 1980 were studied. Twenty-four of them were males and seven females. Their age ranged between 13 and 58 years. All of them were anti-HAV IgM negative. Six patients presented simultaneously Anti HBc and Anti HBs in the two first weeks of the illness. This fact could be imputed to an acquired immunity due to a previous infection with virus B. None of the patients studied had evidence of infectious mononucleosis or cytomegalovirus. In view of the absence of the markers of recent infection due to virus A and B these patients were considered to have a non A non B hepatitis. Twelve patients had evidence of previous hepatitis, thirteen had acquired the infection by parenteral route; four were post-transfusional and in six cases there was an epidemic medium. Forty-five percent of the patients studied had a biphasic elevation of the aminotransferases, and twenty percent had a cholestatic form. Two of the patients turned into a chronic active hepatitis and another one died of submasive necrosis; in both cases the via of infection was parenteral. PMID- 6784432 TI - [J chain synthesis in myeloma cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784433 TI - Adult T-cell lymphoma following diphenylhydantoin therapy. PMID- 6784434 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerine on haemodynamics and on catecholamine metabolism in patients with congestive left heart failure (author's transl)]. AB - In 17 patients with severe chronic left heart failure 0.8 resp. 1.6 mg of nitroglycerine led to a marked decrease of LVEDP or PADP and a shift of left ventricular function to the left, indicating reduced preload. Cardiac output and exercise performance, were not improved. However, during exercise, nitroglycerine diminishes myocardial noradrenalin release, due to reduced sympathetic stimulation of the heart. This may be of importance in patients with chronic heart failure due to coronary artery disease, since reduction of sympathetic stimulation means a reduction of myocardial oxygen consumption. PMID- 6784435 TI - [Oral TRH test: normal range and comparison with intravenous TRH test (author's transl)]. AB - TRH (40 mg) was given orally to 122 patients with divers thyroid status. In euthyroidism, TRH induced TSH response ranged from 2.5 microU to 45 microU TSH, measured three hours after oral administration. TSH values were threefold higher following oral TRH (mean 24.5 microU) as compared to intravenous TRH-test using 200 microgram TRH (mean 7.05 microU). No exaggerated TSH response were found in patients on oral contraceptives and in euthyroid nodular goiter. Preclinical hypothyroidism was present in 50% in patients with previous partial thyroidectomy and only 15% of patients with blunted TSH response on an thyroid hormone regimen of 70 microgram thyroxine daily. Oral TRH test was negative in every patient with normal serum hormone levels under antithyroid drug therapy. PMID- 6784436 TI - Mass spectrometry in anesthesia. Problems in using mass spectrometer for monitoring anesthetic gases and vapours. AB - The use of mass spectrometers for total gas monitoring during anesthesia presents a number of problems which stem from the Cracking Pattern of the gases present, inlet design, viscosity variations, water vapour and machine deterioration. Some of these have been adequately solved, by making mechanical modifications to the inlet system, and by using more complex electronic circuitry to process the signals obtained. Remaining problems, however, still limit accuracy and ease of operation. CO2 measurements are particularly prone to error, especially when sampling halothane-containing gas which leads to significant internal production CO2. A study of the principal sources of error remaining in the machine suggests that the only definitive solution is to develop a microprocessor system which could cope with complex Cracking Patterns and non-linearities, and which would allow complete automation of the calibration procedure. PMID- 6784437 TI - Reactivity of the cerebrovascular bed to carbon dioxide in patients with primary high haematocrit before and after venesection. AB - Paired cerebral blood flow measurements at 2 levels of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) were made in 10 subjects with an elevated haematocrit and blood viscosity. A value of 32 was obtained for the percentage change in flow per kPa change in PaCO2 (CO2 reactivity). The haematocrit was then lowered by venesection from 0.536 to 0.458 and the measurements were repeated. The post-venesection CO2 reactivity was 29, which was not significantly different from the pre-venesection value. Thus CO2 reactivity is not comprised in patients with low cerebral blood flow secondary to an elevated haematocrit. PMID- 6784438 TI - Confusion, myoclonus and speech arrest: epileptic manifestations after metrizamide myelography. AB - The importance of accurate diagnosis of epileptic manifestations, even if unusual, as complications of diagnostic metrizamide exploration of the CSF space is emphasized on the basis of 2 case histories. PMID- 6784439 TI - Antigenicity of galactocerebroside in experimental allergic demyelinating diseases. AB - Monkeys, rabbits, guinea pigs, and rats were inoculated with GC, carrier protein and complete Freund's adjuvant. Clinical and pathological changes were obtained in monkeys and rabbits, but not, to date, in guinea pigs and rats. In rabbits, alterations were restricted to the PNS tissue, distributed in spinal roots, ganglia, and peripheral nerves. The lesions were characterized by perivenous myelin breakdown and accumulations of macrophages. The response in monkeys, also restricted to PNS, was mainly an axonal degeneration. Myelin breakdown was interpreted as secondary to the axonal damage. Axonal reactions were observed in root ganglion and anterior horn cells, being accompanied by ascending degeneration in the posterior columns of the spinal cord. Demyelinating antiserum was present in all rabbits, but absent in all monkeys. Myelination inhibiting factor was also positive in all rabbits but not in monkeys. From these findings, it can be concluded that the antigenicity of the GC is not a generalized response in all animals. The lesions produced by GC in monkeys seem to be degenerative rather than allergic. PMID- 6784441 TI - Peripheral neuropathy associated with immunoglobulin disorders an immunological and ultrastructural study. AB - Light-, electron microscopic and immunopathological findings in a nerve biopsy of a patient with peripheral neuropathy associated with monoclonal gammopathy are reported. Loss of fibers, Wallerian-like degeneration and segmental demyelination were the most important features observed in light microscopy. In E.M. widening of the peripheral lamellae of myelin sheaths and occasional aspects of hypermyelination were seen. Immunoperoxidase study showed binding of IgM (k light chain) on the myelin sheath. The possible pathogenetic implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6784440 TI - Sensorimotor polyneuropathy in light chain multiple myeloma. AB - The authors describe an adult onset sensorimotor polyneuropathy in a woman with light chain K-type myeloma. Neurophysiological investigation showed a severe reduction of conduction velocity of the peripheral nerve to the four limbs. A muscle and sural nerve biopsy were performed. Sural nerve displayed a severe loss of myelinated and unmyelinated fibers. No amyloid deposit was observed in vessels, perineurium and endomysium by electron microscopy examination. No onion bulb formation was present in nerve tissue, but many demyelinated fibers were surrounded by circumferentially disposed Schwann cell processes without any interposition of collagen fibrils. Some fibers exhibit signs of active remyelination; axonal alterations were rarely seen. Collagen pockets were frequently observed among proliferated collagen fibrils. The mechanism of peripheral nerve lesions in various categories of multiple myeloma is till now an unsolved problem. In this case the unusual association with a light chain myeloma suggest that these immunoglobulins play a role in the pathogenesis of the polyneuropathy as supported by experimental studies. PMID- 6784443 TI - An in vitro evaluation of two commercial blood culture media--supplemented peptone broth and supplemented tryptone soya broth. AB - Two commercial blood culture--supplemented peptone broth and supplemented tryptone soya broth--were compared by an in vitro method. The two media were inoculated with microorganisms suspended in fresh human blood in an attempt to mimic the clinical situation. The two media differed completely in their ability to support the growth of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Macroscopic evaluation of the blood culture medium during the incubation period was difficult when using supplemented tryptone soya broth in contrast to supplemented peptone broth. The former medium remained turbid whether microorganisms were growing or not. No other important differences between the two media were detected. Our findings indicate a need for both in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate blood culture media and also a need for quality control of microbiological diagnostic devices before they are released for clinical use. PMID- 6784442 TI - Neuropathology of primary generalized epilepsies with awakening grand mal. PMID- 6784444 TI - Arterial response to ergotamine tartrate in abusing and non-abusing migraine patients. AB - Ten former ergotamine abusers were given ergotamine tartrate 0.5 mg/70 kg intravenously. The arterial response was followed by measuring systolic blood pressures with strain gauge on arm, fingers, ankles and toes. Distal systolic blood pressures were significantly reduced relative to the arm level for 22 hours. The arterial response in these 10 patients was compared to the response in 17 migraine patients tested with the same technique. No differences were found. We conclude that hypersensitivity or tolerance to ergotamine tartrate is not observed in previous ergotamine abusers. Previous abuse is a relative contraindication to the use of ergotamine. But if ergotamine is the only effective drug, normal dosage can be used according to the present results. PMID- 6784445 TI - Synthesis and biological activities of thyroliberin (TRH) analogues with cysteine or cysteine derivatives in position one or two. PMID- 6784447 TI - Influence of acid-base changes on carbachol- and potassium-induced contractions of taenia coli of the rabbit. AB - The influence of acid-base changes (variations of extracellular pH within the range 6.2-8.2 and parallel changes in (HCO3-) and PCO2 at constant external pH) on contractions induced by carbachol and K+ was studied on preparations from taenia coli of the rabbit. Extracellular acidosis increased the concentration of carbachol necessary to evoke a given muscle tension and reduced the maximum response. During a carbachol-induced contraction acidosis reduced and alkalosis enhanced muscle tension. Changes in extracellular pH within the range 6.2-8.2 did not affect the initial, rapid phase of the contraction induced by 145 mmol/l of K+. However, with 40-80 mmol/l of K+ acidosis reduced the phasic response. The tonic contraction following the initial phasic response in 145 mmol/l K+ was enhanced by extracellular acidosis and decreased by alkalosis, whereas at a K+ concentration of 70 mmol/l the amplitude of the tonic contraction was greater at pH 7.4 than at pH 6.2. Propranolol 10(-6) mmol/l did not affect the influence of extracellular pH upon the K+-contracture. An increase of both PCO2 and (HCO-3) at constant extracellular pH did not alter the response of the muscle to carbachol. The tonic contraction during K+-stimulation was diminished by a parallel increase in PCO2 and (HCO-3) and at 47 mmol/l (HCO-3) it was almost abolished. A rise in PCO2 from 5 to 14 kPa without changes in (HCO-3), which caused extracellular pH to drop from 7.4 to 6.3, increased the tonic contraction in the same way as a fall in extracellular pH alone. These results seem to indicate that extracellular acidosis within the pathophysiological range (1) decreases the sensitivity of the polarized smooth muscle membrane to cholinergic stimulation, (2) reduces: the rate of release of stored Ca++, the transmembrane flow of Ca++ into the muscle cell, and the rate of Ca++ inactivation or extrusion during K+-contraction. The reduction of the tonic contracture with increasing PCO2 and (HCO-3) at constant extracellular pH is most likely attributable to the (HCO-3) ion. PMID- 6784446 TI - Chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils: role of stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt activity in nonspecific deactivation. AB - We have investigated the mechanism of the nonspecific component of chemotactic deactivation of human neutrophils. This component of deactivation occurs on exposure of neutrophils to larger doses of cytotaxin and is expressed as depressed subsequent spontaneous migration and chemotaxis toward all cytotaxins tested. We demonstrate a possible mechanistic association between stimulation of hexose-monophosphate shunt activity and the nonspecific component of deactivation. This association is evidenced by failure to effect deactivation of 0 degrees C, by the ability of non-chemotactic stimulatory agents to mimic cytotaxin-induced deactivation, by the ability of agents which block shunt activity to protect against deactivation, and by the ability of methylene blue to deactivate neutrophils from individuals with chronic granulomatous disease. Thus, excessive stimulation of shunt activity, possibly through generation of products of oxygen metabolism, appears to have an inhibitory influence on nonspecific neutrophil migratory functions. PMID- 6784448 TI - Missed abortions and some organochlorine compounds: organochlorine insecticides (OCI) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). PMID- 6784449 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of clinical manifestations of myeloma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with monoclonal IgG Lambda and IgM Kappa in a single patient. AB - This paper reports a rare case of a patient with biclonal gammopathy IGM kappa and IgG lambda corresponding to the simultaneous occurrence of the clinical manifestations of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and multiple myeloma. Two cellular populations derived from the B lymphocyte cell line can be observed in this patient. Bone marrow aspiration revealed abnormal plasma cells with inclusions and lymph node aspiration showed immature lymphoid cells containing mu heavy chains. PMID- 6784450 TI - Glycosyltransferases and their use in assessing oligosaccharide structure and structure-function relationships. PMID- 6784451 TI - Hemadsorption and virulence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 6784452 TI - Immunoglobulins on the surface of hamster lymphocytes. PMID- 6784453 TI - Vasodilator therapy of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6784454 TI - Sleep apnea syndrome: recent advances. PMID- 6784455 TI - Endotoxic immunity. PMID- 6784456 TI - Zinc deficiency states. PMID- 6784457 TI - Concentration of serum prealbumin (PR) protein in sick horses and its correlation to blood leucocyte count and albumin content in serum. PMID- 6784458 TI - Whitehouse lecture. Radiologic imaging: changing costs, greater benefits. PMID- 6784459 TI - Cannon lecture. Images, Isaurians, and internists: some reflections on medical image making. PMID- 6784460 TI - Economic implications of a new technology installation: a CT model. AB - Economic factors will have considerable impact on the development, distribution, specifications, and use of any new technology. Costs and revenues of CT in 1980 have been analyzed and used to develop a "model" for installation and operation of a future new imagine method. It is likely that any new method will be expensive, have a high proportion of fixed costs, and will require frequent (efficient) use in order to financially break even with charges acceptable to patients, physicians, and third-party payers. While expenses can be reduced, an associated reduction in quality of care is probable. An economic analysis also suggests that distribution of any new technology to smaller volume radiologic practices will be difficult and probably delayed for several years. PMID- 6784461 TI - The clinical significance of acute pancreatic hemorrhage. AB - Computed tomography (CT) has the ability to demonstrate acute hemorrhage both within the pancreatic parenchyma and the adjacent retroperitoneal spaces. It was found that during the acute phase of pancreatic hemorrhage (about 1-7 days) the CT number of hemorrhage is significantly greater than that of the gland. At the present time the true incidence of pancreatic hemorrhage and the relation of the CT demonstration of hemorrhage to the clinical entity of hemorrhagic pancreatitis is unclear. The CT, laboratory, and clinical findings in eight patients with acute pancreatitis were analyzed to help answer these questions. This limited experience suggests pancreatic hemorrhage is more frequent than hemorrhagic pancreatitis as currently defined clinically. PMID- 6784462 TI - Positron tomographic imaging of the liver: 68 Ga iron hydroxide colloid. AB - A new radiopharmaceutical, 68Ga ion hydroxide colloid, for hepatic imaging by positron emission tomography was prepared from the eluate of a 68Ge-68Ga solvent extraction generator. In rats, 84% of the administered dose of colloid localized in the liver and 4.6% accumulated in the spleen. Initial imaging studies in normal dogs showed close correspondence of the findings by positron tomography and transmission computed tomography. Emission tomography with 68Ga-colloid was performed in 10 patients with hepatic metastases demonstrated by conventional 99mTc sulfur colloid scintigraphy. All focal defects noted on the conventional scintigrams were easily identified and generally were seen more clearly by positron tomography. In one patient, additional lesions not identified on the initial 99mTc sulfur colloid images were demonstrated. The positron tomographic images were compared with those obtained by transmission computed tomography in seven patients; the two studies showed comparable findings in five patients, whereas positron tomography more clearly showed multiple lesions in two. Our results suggest that positron emission tomography is a suitable technique for obtaining high contrast, cross-sectional images of large abdominal organs. PMID- 6784463 TI - Radiography of the distal colon and rectum after irradiation of carcinoma of the cervix. AB - High dose therapeutic irradiation for carcinoma of the cervix, usually delivered using a combination of external and intracavitary sources, may damage the rectum, sigmoid, distal small bowel, vagina, and urinary bladder. A pretreatment barium enema is valuable for baseline comparison should symptoms developing after treatment necessitate radiographic evaluation of the colon and rectum. Included in this review are a summary of radiation therapy techniques for carcinoma of the cervix, the radiation tolerance of normal pelvic structures, and the histopathology of changes in the bowel following irradiation. The spectrum of radiographic manifestations of radiation effect on the rectum and sigmoid is presented and contrasted with changes secondary to recurrent or persistent tumor. Gradations of symmetrical volume loss characterize radiation change, whereas mass effect, asymmetrical narrowing of the colon lumen, or fixation are more typical of tumor recurrence. PMID- 6784464 TI - Alternate bleeding sites in suspected graft-enteric fistula. AB - Nine cases of suspected aortoenteric fistula in patients with previous aortic reconstructive surgery and gastrointestinal bleeding collected over 5 years were reviewed. Five cases had angiographic evidence of a fistula, later proven at surgery. One patient had a negative angiogram but a fistula was found at surgery. In two cases angiography demonstrated different bleeding sites and in one patient a bleeding source was found by a nonangiographic method. Therefore three (33%) of nine patients had sources of gastrointestinal bleeding other than aortoenteric fistula. PMID- 6784465 TI - Renal osteodystrophy: magnification radiography of target sites of absorption. AB - A comprehensive radiographic analysis was made of 20 patients with renal osteodystrophy who were maintained on hemodialysis. Radiographic skeletal surveys were combined with selective magnification views of the phalangeal shafts, phalangeal tufts, and calcaneus, and similar magnification studies were obtained in a "control" population. Results indicate the importance of macroradiography in the early diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy, the sensitivity of bone resorption in the phalanges and tufts in this disease, and the occurrence of plantar calcaneal erosions which may simulate the changes accompanying certain articular disorders. PMID- 6784466 TI - Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs: an adequate lumbar spine examination. AB - A retrospective study was designed to determine the diagnostic value of spot lateral and oblique lumbar spine radiographs in 782 patients. In only 2.4% of patients examined were these views uniquely diagnostic. Considering the additional cost, significant gonadal radiation, and limited diagnostic value, these views should be eliminated from routine lumbar spine series. PMID- 6784467 TI - Ivalon embolization in abdominal neoplasms. AB - Polyvinyl alcohol foam (Ivalon) particles were used in arterial embolization of abdominal neoplasms for tumor devascularization. The Ivalon particles are available in two sizes: small (0.25-0.59 mm) and large (0.60-1.0 mm). Twenty-five tumor embolizations in 22 patients (16 hepatic neoplasms, five renal carcinomas, one lumbar metastasis) were performed during a 4 month period. Occlusion of the embolized artery was documented by angiography in 24 procedures and by surgery in the remaining one. The postembolization syndrome was the same as that following Gelfoam embolization. Ivalon particles compared with Gelfoam cubes are advantageous in: (1) being easier to use; (2) reaching smaller arteries; and (3) causing more permanent occlusion. PMID- 6784468 TI - Mammographic screening: significance of minimal breast cancers. AB - Analysis of cancers occurring during an aggressively performed screening program indicates: (1) In this study, during 3 years of active incidence screening of women under age 50, 24 cancers occurred, 14 of which were minimal. In the 3 years of very limited screening, 23 cancers occurred, ony five of which were minimal (P = 0.02393). (2) It was projected that 110 breast cancers should have occurred in the incidence years of observation of this self-selected population of 10,531 women. In the screened population, 124 cancers occurred. This is not significantly different from the expected number. (3) In a similar period of observation of a similar sized screened population in Louisville, Ky., there were 112 cancers, and during a similar period in Seattle, Wash., 113. There is no significant difference from the 124 reported in Cincinnati, Ohio, or the 110 expected. However of all the cancers (prevalent, incident, interval) in Cincinnati, 67 were minimal; in Louisville, 35; and in Seattle, 23 (P less tha 0.0001). All in all, these data support the concept that screening for breast cancer does not in any significant way increase the number of cancers detected; it only lowers the stage of detection. The data also suggest that, for an aggressive screen, length-biased sampling does not seem to be insurmountable obstacle. PMID- 6784469 TI - Diagnostic oncology case study. Pulmonary mass in a smoker: preoperative imaging for staging of lung cancer. PMID- 6784470 TI - CT of American Burkitt lymphoma. AB - One hundred abdominal and chest CT scans in 29 patients with American Burkitt lymphoma were reviewed. Abdominal and/or pelvic masses were the most common finding and were detected in 13 (45%) patients. Masses indicating relapse were noted in three (10%) additional patients. Ascites and retroperitoneal involvement were noted in seven and five patients, respectively. Other findings included hepatic lesions, splenomegaly, gastric wall abnormalities, renal enlargement, urate nephropathy, and bony involvement. Pleural effusions and two mediastinal masses were noted on chest scans. CT was found to be a rapid screening procedure and especially useful in delineating the size and intrathoracic extension of abdominal masses, defining deep pelvic diseases, assessing the response to therapy, and defining areas of relapse. Lack of retroperitoneal fat and inadequate opacification of bowel loops were frequent problems that limited the value of CT scans. PMID- 6784471 TI - Three- tier rare-earth imaging system. AB - The increased efficiency of gadolinium oxysulfide intensifying screens as compared to calcium tungstate screens depends primarily on increased absorption of x-ray photons coupled with a twofold increase in light output. Whether this increased efficiency can be effectively used in a routine diagnostic department to significantly decrease radiation dose was the subject of this study. Consecutive radiographic examinations (5,806) were conducted using these "rare earth" screens. Each radiographic room used three individual rare earth screen/orthochromatic film combinations in order to obtain different speeds. These were labeled A, B, and C and ranged from "par" speed high detail to "ultra high" speed with less detail but correspondingly less patient radiation exposure. The system selected for a particular examination was based on the radiologists' requirements for imaging of anatomic detail. Those examinations requiring less detailed resolution (such as bone alignment through a wet plaster cast) were assigned the fastest speed available. The use of a rare earth/3-tier system resulted in an overall reduction in radiation exposure of about 80%. PMID- 6784472 TI - Dynamic computed tomography of the brain: techniques, data analysis, and applications. AB - Rapid sequence computed tomography (CT) scanning has many potential applications in studying intracranial physiologic events. However, visual inspection of these rapid sequence scans fails to extract the large amount of information inherent in the digital data. The concept of corrected mean transit time applied to rapid sequence scans after intravenous bolus injection of contrast material provides quantitative data on relative hemispheric flow. Use of histogram-based areas of interest permits accurate and reproducible identification of anatomic structures including arteries and gray and white matter. Gamma variate curve fit techniques reduce statistical noise. The concept of transit time can be expanded to the creation of functional CT images. PMID- 6784473 TI - Total myelography with metrizamide through the lumbar route. AB - Myelography of the entire spinal cord was performed in 64 consecutive patients using metrizamide via lumbar puncture. Adequate to good opacification of the cervical and thoracic subarachnoid space was obtained in 63 patients. The technical factors responsible for this success rate are patient cooperation, high iodine concentration, high iodine concentration (250 mg/ml), slow injection rate, delayed removal of the needle, minimal patient motion, and rapid performance. Side effects were minor and no more frequent than with lumbar metrizamide myelography alone. Adequate hydration before and after and upright position after seem to be important in minimizing adverse effects. PMID- 6784474 TI - Accurate CT measurement of the spinal cord using metrizamide: physical factors. AB - Computed tomography (CT) using metrizamide is a valuable tool in the neuroradiologic evaluation of the spinal cord, but CT must be used with care when measuring object size because size may vary with different window center (level) settings. A simple method to determine appropriate window center (level) settings during CT object measurement is described. A polystyrene core with a Teflon outer cylinder designed to simulate the spinal column, spinal cord, and subarachnoid space was scanned with varying concentrations of metrizamide with an EMI 1010 unit. Computer printouts of the CT pixel matrix were analyzed and a constant relationship of the phantom cord true size to the CT numbers of the metrizamide concentration and the phantom spinal cord was found. Window center (level) selection greatly influences measurement of cord size, whereas window width dose not. The appropriate window center (level) selection is the mean between the metrizamide CT attenuation number and the cord CT attenuation number. PMID- 6784475 TI - Computed tomography of extraperitoneal spaces. PMID- 6784476 TI - Diagnostic considerations in urinary bladder wall calcification. AB - Though a relatively uncommon finding in general radiologic practice, urinary bladder wall calcification has relatively few etiologies. A series of 19 patients with radiographically visible bladder wall calcification encompassing most of the known causes is presented and other reported causes are discussed. Eight patients had schistosomiasis, six had primary carcinoma of the bladder, two had encrustation cystitis, and one each had amyloidosis, cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and tuberculosis. While a correct diagnosis is often not possible solely on the basis of the appearance of the calcification, such a diagnosis can usually be obtained expediently from a combination of history, clinical examination, appropriate laboratory studies, and radiographic evaluation of the bladder calcification and remaining urinary tract. Cystoscopy with biopsy of involved tissues is almost necessary, however, for confirmation and to rule out bladder neoplasia. PMID- 6784477 TI - Intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas: sonographic detection. AB - The sonographic characteristics of intrauterine cystic hygromas are described. A thin-walled, multiseptated cystic structure near the fetal head and neck and eccentrically situated with respect to the long axis of the fetus is characteristic. Another associated finding is intradermal lymphangiectasis which, when present, is though to be pathognomonic of this condition. The differential diagnosis includes neural tube defects, unusually situated umbilical cord, gastroschisis and omphalocele, an empty second gestational sac, and amniotic bands. Four cases of intrauterine fetal cystic hygroma are reported and their echographic findings illustrated. PMID- 6784478 TI - Mesenteric vein thrombosis: angiography in two cases. PMID- 6784479 TI - Ascending aortic injury: an angiographic diagnosis. PMID- 6784480 TI - External iliac artery perforation by methylmethacrylate: a rare complication of total hip replacement. PMID- 6784481 TI - Small coils for large hemorrhages. PMID- 6784482 TI - Nonunion of olecranon epiphysis: two cases in adolescent baseball pitchers. PMID- 6784483 TI - Polyarticular pigmented villonodular synovitis. PMID- 6784484 TI - Acute diaphragmatic paralysis after chest tube placement in a neonate. PMID- 6784485 TI - Neonatal intramural bowel calcification without atresia. PMID- 6784486 TI - Retroperitoneal iliac abscess with periostitis. PMID- 6784487 TI - Diffuse nephrocalcinosis: hyperechoic sonographic appearance. PMID- 6784488 TI - Improved retrograde ileography with glucagon. PMID- 6784489 TI - The 40 degree cephalad view of the hip. PMID- 6784490 TI - Readily available obturator for 13 French steerable biliary catheter. PMID- 6784491 TI - New technology in radiology: better may mean less. PMID- 6784492 TI - The "immature lung" and RDS. PMID- 6784493 TI - Metastatic colonic tumors vs. primary lung adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6784494 TI - Computed tomography in venoocclusive liver disorders. PMID- 6784495 TI - Sonography of acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6784496 TI - Turf battles. PMID- 6784497 TI - Eosinophilic esophagitis. PMID- 6784498 TI - Sonography of the inverted right hemidiaphragm. PMID- 6784499 TI - Emphysema associated with pulmonary hypoplasia in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. PMID- 6784500 TI - Sonography in recurrent oriental pyogenic cholangitis. PMID- 6784501 TI - Full lung linear and pluridirectional tomography: a preliminary evaluation of nodule detection. PMID- 6784502 TI - Early gallium-67 abdominal imaging: pitfalls due to bowel activity. PMID- 6784503 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy using real-time sonographic guidance. PMID- 6784504 TI - Does hydration prevent contrast material renal injury? PMID- 6784505 TI - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum with internal carotid artery aneurysm. PMID- 6784506 TI - Tuberculous aortitis. PMID- 6784507 TI - Tylosis. PMID- 6784508 TI - Congenital absence of the pulmonary valve. PMID- 6784509 TI - Ruptured bronchus. PMID- 6784510 TI - Hypothyroidism with epiphysial dysgenesis. PMID- 6784511 TI - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 6784512 TI - Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. PMID- 6784513 TI - Myxoma of the maxillary antrum. PMID- 6784514 TI - Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis. PMID- 6784515 TI - Hepatic amebic abscesses. PMID- 6784516 TI - Renal failure after major angiography can be avoided with hydration. AB - A reported 12% incidence of acute renal failure after angiography prompted this prospective study to substantiate or repudiate this seemingly excessive rate. In 537 consecutive patients undergoing cerebral, abdominal, or peripheral angiography, there was no instance of renal failure following the procedure. The results of this study indicate that when adequate hydration is maintained, angiography does not pose a "significant hazard" of renal failure as previously reported, even in patients with underlying medical problems. PMID- 6784517 TI - Herpes esophagitis. AB - Herpes simplex virus is a well recognized cause of opportunistic esophageal infection, yet there have been few descriptions of the radiographic features of this entity. This report describes the radiographic and clinical findings in six patients with herpes esophagitis. Each patient had clinical evidence of immunosuppression. Acute odynophagia was the most common presenting complaint. Double-contrast esophagrams revealed discrete, widely separated ulcers, plaquelike defects without ulceration, or a combination of ulcers and plaques. Plaquelike lesions in the esophagus can be associated with herpes or moniliasis. However, discrete ulcers on an otherwise normal background mucosa are strongly suggestive of herpes esophagitis. Increased awareness of the radiographic findings should lead to better diagnosis of this entity, so that potentially toxic antifungal drugs can be avoided in patients with herpes esophagitis. PMID- 6784518 TI - Gastric operation for the morbidly obese. AB - The surgical approach to the morbidly obese patient has been changing over the years because of complications of the procedure. Evolution of gastric surgical techniques has resulted in a decrease in the radiologically evident complications such as anastomotic leaks, abscess, and marginal ulceration. Knowledge of the pertinent surgical and radiographic anatomy is important to the radiologist in evaluating the patient who has undergone a gastric bypass or gastroplasty for morbid obesity. PMID- 6784519 TI - Pancreatic abscess: importance of conventional radiology. AB - To determine the clinical usefulness of conventional radiographic methods in pancreatic abscess, studies from 35 patients were retrospectively evaluated. Plain films of the abdomen were obtained in 31 and showed the diagnostic finding of extraluminal gas in the pancreatic area in 18 (58%). Gastrointestinal contrast studies were done in 28 patients and confirmed the extraluminal location of abscess gas in 17 (61%). These contrast studies provided important preoperative evidence of perforation or fistula in six (21%) patients. Because of the risk of extravasation in complicated pancreatic abscesses, water soluble contrast media are recommended instead of barium. Abscess gas was shown by computed tomography (CT) in four (50%) of eight patients and sonography suggested a diagnosis in five (31%) of 16. In aggregate all radiographic methods demonstrated evidence of a pancreatic abscess in 69%. While sonography and CT are being used with increasing frequency, this experience reaffirms the value of plain film and gastrointestinal contrast studies in patients with suspected pancreatic abscess. PMID- 6784520 TI - Computed tomography of pancreatic abscesses. AB - Computed tomography (CT) was used as the primary diagnostic tool in 10 cases of pancreatic abscess and seven cases of infected pseudocyst. Pancreatic gas collections were the only definitive feature of infection and were seen in five cases (29%). An equally common finding was poorly defined nonencapsulated peripancreatic fluid collections or mottled mass density. It was not possible to distinguish infected from noninfected pseudocysts or peripancreatic fluid collections by other CT criteria. Diagnostic percutaneous needle aspiration is indicated in patients with pancreatic pseudocyst or fluid collections with persistent fever or leukocytosis. CT is also useful in the preoperative evaluation of multiple abscesses and of recurrent abscesses after surgery. PMID- 6784521 TI - Radiologic features of the jejunum in hypoalbuminemia. AB - Although hypoalbuminemia is a recognized cause of jejunal dilatation, the level of serum albumin at which this occurs and its relation to the extent of jejunal dilatation in celiac disease have not been clearly established. Barium follow through examination was performed in 12 patients with hypoalbuminemia, in 21 patients with celiac disease, some of whom had a reduced serum albumin, and in 14 control subjects. Jejunal width was increased in patients with hypoalbuminemia and there was a highly significant correlation between jejunal width and the level of serum albumin (p less than 0.001). The level of serum albumin at which jejunal dilatation occurred ("albumin threshold") was found to be 27 g/l. Hypoalbuminemia was not found to be an important factor in the jenunal dilatation of celiac disease. There was a close correlation between the presence of edema and ascites and radiologic abnormality in the jejunum, suggesting that these appearances in nephrotic syndrome are due to intestinal edema. This study suggests that the serum albumin should be taken into account when interpreting the caliber of the small intestine. PMID- 6784522 TI - Sonographic assessment of the bowel wall. AB - The thickness and regularity of the bowel wall can often be assessed by sonographic imaging. In 26 normal patients, the bowel wall averaged 3 mm in thickness when distended and 5 mm when nondistended. In contrast, in 12 patients with an abnormally thickened bowel wall, bowel wall thickness averaged 23 mm and the affected bowel segment exhibited decreased or absent peristalsis on real-time scanning. The data derived from this study may enable the sonographic distinction of abnormally thickened bowel wall from normal bowel segments in the collapsed and distended state. PMID- 6784523 TI - Useful hepatic parenchymal imaging in hepatobiliary scintigraphy. AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with the 99mTc-labeled iminodiacetic acid derivatives has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of biliary tract diseases, especially for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Little emphasis has been placed on the importance of the hepatic parenchymal image that occurs early in the imaging sequence. To determine what information can be obtained from the hepatic parenchymal image, a comparison was carried out of sulfur colloid and iminodiacetic acid images in 50 patients with focal defects. In 46 of 50 patients, the number and position of lesions on the two studies were similar, while in four patients the images were discordant. In addition to being very similar in lesion detection, the iminodiacetic acid scans also allowed more specificity in the later imaging (biliary phase) in 13 cases. The value of iminodiacetic acid derivatives in the evaluation of some biliary tract disorders has been established; considerable value can also be obtained by close inspection of the hepatic parenchymal image as well. PMID- 6784524 TI - Metastatic hepatic neoplasms: angiographic features of portal vein involvement. AB - Hepatic metastases produce a spectrum of angiographic alterations of the portal vein that mimicks that of primary liver neoplasms. In 11 patients with varied primary malignancies, hepatic arteriograms revealed seven instances of opacification of the portal vein from arterioportal shunting, two cases of intraluminal tumor thrombus, and two cases with intrahepatic portal vein occlusion. Another patient with liver metastases developed an arterioportal fistula following percutaneous liver biopsy. Although uncommon, metastatic involvement of the portal vein is not necessarily indicative of a poor prognosis since one patient's arterioportal shunting resolved following intraarterial chemotherapy infusion and tumor regression. PMID- 6784525 TI - The cardiothoracic ratio in newborn infants. AB - In order to provide improved techniques and standards for measuring radiographic heart size in infants, cardiothoracic ratios (C/T) using four different thoracic measures were calculated from anteroposterior supine chest radiographs of 175 normal infants who were a week or less in age, with gestational ages of 26.5-44 weeks, and birthweights of 765-4540 g. The lowest variation in C/T was observed when the thoracic measurement was either the chest width at the inner margins of the eighth ribs (normal range, 43.2%-56.5%) or the maximum internal chest width (normal range, 42.7%-56.4%); by these methods, a value of 57% or greater may be considered enlarged. Average C/T was above normal in 131 infants with respiratory distress syndrome and in 105 infants with various other parenchymal abnormalities. The presence of assisted ventilation did not significantly affect C/T measured as described above. In evaluating level of inspiration by the position of the right hemidiaphragm, posterior rib count proved more predictive of heart size than anterior rib count; the normal inspiratory range was 6.6-9.4 posterior ribs. PMID- 6784526 TI - Genu valgum after proximal tibial fractures in children. AB - Eight children with fractures of the proximal tibial metaphysis developed a significant genu valgum on the injured side. A study of the radiographs showed that the deformity was primarily due to bowing of the tibia below the site of fracture. The deformity may be the result of plastic bowing of the tibia accentuated by weight bearing during healing. PMID- 6784527 TI - Lingular collapse with medial pneumothorax: puzzling image in children. AB - In addition to paramediastinal lucency, medial pneumothorax on the left may be associated with a confusing localized density about the lateral aspect of the hemithorax. This is primarily caused by superolateral displacement and compression of the lingula. There may be coexistent pulmonary parenchymal abnormality such as hyaline membrane disease or pulmonary contusion that contributes to the density which may simulate pleural fluid or soft tissue mass. In varying degrees this is a common manifestation of medial pneumothorax in children. Of the 20 cases reported herein, nine occurred in newborns with underlying lung disease, six of which were on ventilatory assistance. The second largest group consisted of six postoperative cardiac patients. Other associated causes were blunt chest trauma (two cases), asthma (two) and intrabronchial foreign body (one). PMID- 6784528 TI - Nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities: timing the follow-up studies. AB - A national survey was undertaken to ascertain whether a consensus exists regarding follow-up of patients who have nonpalpable mammographic abnormalities that are not biopsied. The three abnormalities evaluated were: an uncalcified breast mass, an area of asymmetric breast density, and a cluster of microcalcification. Irrespective of the type of lesion, the schedule of follow-up was identical. More than 90% of all the participants recommended repeat initial examination within 3-6 months. More than 50% follow suspected abnormalities for at least 2 years. PMID- 6784529 TI - Sonography of gynecomastia. AB - The sonographic findings in four patients with gynecomastia are presented. The sonographic appearance is correlated with previously described pathologic and x ray mammographic findings. Sonographically, early, focal gynecomastia appears as a triangular, hypoechoic mass in the retroareolar area. As gynecomastia become diffuse, it results in a hyperechoic increase in the glandular parenchyma. Awareness of the various etiologies and variations in appearance is important for the sonographic diagnosis of gynecomastia. PMID- 6784530 TI - Exogenous lipoid pneumonitis: pulmonary patterns. PMID- 6784531 TI - Bone changes in end-stage oxalosis. AB - Primary hyperoxaluria is a rare metabolic disease characterized by exaggerated production of oxalic acid. Clinically the disease is characterized by recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis, progressive renal failure, and early death in uremia. As the regular dialysis treatment may prolong survival, a new syndrome may develop. This is due to intense and continuous deposition of calcium oxalate crystals in soft and bone tissues. The radiologic aspects of oxalate deposition in four adult patients on chronic renal dialysis with histologic and clinical evidence of massive bone oxalosis are reported. PMID- 6784532 TI - Myelography of spinal block from epidural tumor: a new approach. AB - Eleven patients with spinal canal block from metastatic epidural tumor, documented with Pantopague myelography, were given an additional injection of up to 5 cc of air. This technique forced contrast material past the block in 10 of 11 cases. It failed in one case in which symptoms had been present for 19 days. Air injection allowed visualization of more cephalad lesions and defined the superior extent of the initial obstructing lesion without the need for a lateral cervical or cisternal puncture. It caused transient discomfort but no neurologic deterioration. This technique is less painful, requires less patient cooperation, expedites localization, and does not require the special skills needed for cervical puncture. PMID- 6784533 TI - Sequential CT scanning after neonatal intracerebral hemorrhage. AB - Sequential computed tomographic scans were obtained in 41 neonates surviving intracerebral hemorrhage and in 41 comparable neonates without hemorrhage. Hemorrhages were present in only the parenchyma in five patients in both parenchyma and ventricles in 22, and in only the ventricles in 14. No patient exhibited progression of the initial hemorrhage on subsequent scans. Parenchymal hemorrhages were followed by areas of parenchymal hypodensity in 30%. The size of the mitral parenchymal hemorrhage did not correlate with the size of the subsequent hypodense areas. Intraventricular hemorrhages were small in 36%, moderate in 28%, and extensive in 36%. Clinically significant hydrocephalus developed in 32% of the patients and did not correlate with the extent of the intraventricular hemorrhage. Periventricular hypodensity was present at some time in 95% of neonates who bled and was present in 85% of the scans at 30-60 days of age. In the neonates without intracerebral hemorrhages, periventricular hypodensity was present in 57.5%. The hypodensity is thought due to leukomalacia, which may predict subsequent neurologic sequelae better than the severity of the hemorrhage or the development of hydrocephalus. PMID- 6784534 TI - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used to successfully dilate critical narrowings of the internal carotid artery caused by fibromuscular dysplasia. The technique of this new procedure is presented along with the angiographic findings and results in three patients. Angioplasty may be used as an alternative to open arteriotomy and graduated dilatation in treating stenosis due to symptomatic fibromuscular dysplasia in the immediate extracranial part of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 6784535 TI - Canine esophageal motor function: effects of arterial and intravenous vasopressin. AB - The effect of vasopressin infusion on esophageal motor function was evaluated in 11 anesthetized dogs. Gastric fundic, lower esophageal sphincteric, and esophageal body pressures were measured during and after 1 hr infusion of vasopressin into the superior mesenteric artery or a systemic vein. Lower esophageal sphincteric pressures started to decrease significantly 10-15 min after the start of vasopressin infusion, reached the lowest level at 45-60 min, and returned to the control level or higher 1 hr after the end of infusion. No statistically significant difference was found between the effects of intravenous and intraarterial vasopressin infusions. Esophageal body and gastric fundic pressures remained unchanged. The result is inconsistent with the hypothesis that esophageal smooth muscle contractions reduce esophageal variceal hemorrhage during vasopressin infusions. PMID- 6784536 TI - Acute experimental biliary obstruction in the dog: sonographic findings and clinical implications. AB - Three dogs were serially studied with sonography after cholecystectomy and total acute biliary obstruction. Peripheral biliary dilatation could be diagnosed as early as 4 hr after biliary obstruction and before significant elevation of serum bilirubin. These experimental results support the thesis that total biliary obstruction may be diagnosed before the onset of icterus. PMID- 6784537 TI - Mesenteric arterial vasopressin in cats: local and systemic effects. AB - The administration of intraaterial mesenteric vasopressin to induce small intestinal ischemia was evaluated in the cat. Small intestinal blood flow was measured by carbonized microsphere distribution and electromagnetic flowmetry. Injection of 99mTc labeled isotope into the superior mesenteric artery was monitored by gamma camera, and isotope kinetics were evaluated as indicators of small intestinal blood flow. Superior mesenteric arterial and small intestinal mucosal blood flow could maximally be reduced to 15%-20% of control by vasopressin administration. 99mTcO4 mesenteric-cardiac transit time was doubled in all animals when small intestinal mucosal blood flow was reduced to less than one-third of control. However, significant blood flow reductions were induced in other abdominal organs, most importantly in retroperitoneal lymph nodes and adipose tissue. Intraarterial mesenteric vasopressin administration does not induce sufficiently severe and specific intestinal ischemia to provide optimal conditions for selective small intestinal hypoxic radioprotection. PMID- 6784538 TI - Radiation decontamination unit for the community hospital. AB - "Freestanding" radiation decontamination units including surgical capability can be developed and made operational in small/medium sized community hospitals at relatively small cost and with minimal plant reconstruction. Because of the development of nuclear power plants in relatively remote areas and widespread transportation of radioactive materials it is important for hospitals and physicians to be prepared to handle radiation accident victims. The Radiological Assistance Program of the United States Department of Energy and the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center Training Site of Oak Ridge Associated Universities are ready to support individual hospitals and physicians in this endeavor. Adequate planning rather than luck, should be used in dealing with potential radiation accident victims. The radiation emergency team is headed by a physician on duty in the hospital. It is important that the team leader be knowledgeable in radiation accident management and have personnel trained in radiation accident management as members of this team. The senior administrative person on duty is responsible for intramural and extramural communications. Rapid mobilization of the radiation decontamination unit is important. Periodic drills are necessary for this mobilization and the smooth operation of the unit. PMID- 6784539 TI - Arteriovenous fistula of a segmental renal artery branch as a complication of percutaneous angioplasty. PMID- 6784540 TI - Necrotizing enterocolitis after Renografin-76 treatment of meconium ileus. PMID- 6784541 TI - Intestinal penetration by tuberculous psoas abscess. PMID- 6784542 TI - CT-radiographic correlation of ulcerating small bowel lymphomas. PMID- 6784544 TI - Rapid development of basal ganglia calcification. PMID- 6784543 TI - Basioccipital meningocele. PMID- 6784545 TI - Bilateral cerebellopontine angle air-CT cisternography. PMID- 6784546 TI - CT of subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm. AB - Computed tomographic scans in 81 consecutive patients wih subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ruptured aneurysm were analyzed for patterns of hemorrhage and lucency and correlated with the development of spasm and hydrocephalus. The circulation time was measured angiographically in representative cases of spasm. Hemorrhage corresponded in a general way to the fossa of aneurysm origin and, when there was parenchymal or ventricular hemorrhage, in more specific ways to anterior communicating, middle cerebral, and posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms. Basal ganglionic hemorrhages due to aneurysm ruptures occurred in two cases and could not be distinguished by appearance from hypertensive hemorrhage. Regions of low attenuation (lucencies) were often persistent and had lateralizing value; they showed a high correlation with arterial spasm. Conversely, spasm, particularly of a distal type, showed a significant correlation with increased circulation time and the occurrence of brain lucency. In cases of multiple aneurysms arising from different vessels in which there was hemorrhage or lucency, CT scans correctly predicted the site of aneurysm in 77% of cases. Periventricular lucency was a weak predictor of progressive hydrocephalus, while an intraventricular hemorrhage was a strong predictor of moderate to severe hydrocephalus. PMID- 6784547 TI - Reversible enlargement of cerebral spinal fluid spaces in chronic alcoholics. AB - Repeat computed tomography (CT) and clinical examinations, including psychologic tests, were performed in 15 chronic alcoholics. In nine controlled abstinent patients, marked decrease of cerebrospinal fluid space enlargement was visible on CT, corresponding with clinical improvement. A second CT examination after 1 year showed continued improvement in three successfully treated patients. The recovery of cortical and ventricular enlargements was encountered with equal frequency, although the more striking change was in the cortex. Possible underlying pathogenetic processes were considered. PMID- 6784548 TI - The value of metrizamide CT cisternography in the management of cerebral arachnoid cysts. AB - Arachnoid cysts may or may not communicate with the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Patterns of communication were studied in six patients, using metrizamide computed tomography (CT) cisternography, ventriculography, and cystography. Two types of cysts were found: one with free communication with the cerebrospinal fluid pathways and one with restricted communication. This information can be useful in the surgical management of the cysts. When the cysts freely communicate wih the ventricles, ventricular shunting is the appropriate therapy, whereas when the cysts are noncommunicating, direct shunting of the cyst is indicated. PMID- 6784549 TI - Brain density and cerebrospinal fluid space size: CT of normal volunteers. AB - This study attempted to establish normal values for cerebral white and deep gray matter density and total brain density, and to discover how much dilatation of the cerebrospinal fluid--containing spaces occurs with advancing age up to 40 years. The 53 female and 62 male healthy volunteers, 15-40 years old, had been screened to exclude individuals with neurologic disease, previous head trauma, congenital or acquired heart disease, chronic pulmonary disease and other systemic illness, and those who consumed more than small amounts of alcoholic beverages. The computed tomography scan data for the 115 subjects were scored subjectively for the severity of atrophy. It was found that in both genders there was an increasing frequency with advancing age of sulcal widening of the frontal lobes and cerebellar vermis starting in the teens. A ventriculo-internal cranial ratio was calculated for 93 subjects who had been examined on the EMI CT 1010, the mean value being 0.31 +/- 0.08 for females and 0.33 +/- 0.06 for males. The ratio did not change significantly with age up to 40 years. On the same 93 subjects, mean values and standard deviations were obtained for normal white matter (30.1 +/- 3.5 Hounsfield units (H) for females and 29.8 +/- 3.3 H for males) and for normal deep gray matter (33.0 +/- 3.3 H for females; 33.2 +/- 2.6 H for males) and for total brain density (33.9 +/- 2.7 H for females; 33.6 +/- 2.6 H for males). PMID- 6784550 TI - CT recognition of subcortical hematomas. AB - Subcortical hematomas develop in brain trauma and less commonly in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Six cases are reported that exhibit a spectrum of computed tomographic (CT) findings in this entity. Pathologic correlates in four cases are presented. It is theorized that subcortical hematomas form in trauma secondary to shearing stresses in the brain. Differential movement of gray and white matter may disrupt cortical medullary vessels. Rupture of degenerative vessels at this junction may account for hypertensive hematomas. PMID- 6784551 TI - Serial biplane magnification and subtraction myelocisternography: normal and pathologic findings. AB - A modified technique for performing Amipaque myelocisternography is described and results obtained in the first 100 patients are analyzed. Diagnostic quality examinations were obtained in 90% of patients in whom the technique was employed. The complication rate was comparable to studies using C1-C2 puncture and to other reports using Amipaque contrast medium. This examination is valuable for high cervical and craniocervical junction lesions, cervical cord atrophy or enlargement, cerebellar ectopia, lower cranial nerve neuropathies, and cerebellopontine angle problems, especially the early detection of small acoustic neurinomas. PMID- 6784552 TI - Mesencephalic anatomy: demonstration by computed tomography. AB - Although gray and white matter are distinguished by computed tomography (CT) in the cerebrum and cerebellum, their resolution in the mesencephalon has not been reported. CT and anatomic sections of the mesencephalon were compared to determine the relative densities of the superior cerebellar peduncles (white matter) and red nuclei and central gray matter. The normal low attenuation of the superior cerebellar peduncle should not be misinterpreted as infarction or demyelination. PMID- 6784553 TI - Primary intracranial meningeal and spinal hemangiopericytoma: radiologic manifestations. AB - Meningeal hemangiopericytomas are rare but aggressive tumors. All eight patients in this series developed recurrences, three with distant metastases. In six patients a lytic destructive lesion of bone was evident. CT scans in three patients demonstrated diffusely enhancing lesions. No tumor calcification was present. In five of six patients angiography was characterized by multiple irregular tumor vessels, an intense prolonged blush, and the absence of early draining veins. Differentiation of these tumors from meningiomas is discussed. PMID- 6784554 TI - Hemangioblastoma of the optic nerve: radiographic and pathologic features. PMID- 6784555 TI - Canaliculus chordae tympani. PMID- 6784556 TI - Cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage in neonates: sonographic appearance. AB - The real time sonographic findings of five neonates with cerebral intraparenchymal hemorrhage are reported. In each case, areas of markedly increased echogenicity corresponded to the site of hemorrhage. Excellent correlation was found between computed tomography (CT) and sonography. Although the sonographic appearance of intraparenchymal hemorrhage is characteristic, it is difficult to separate blood from other contiguous highly reflective structures in the head, including choroid plexus, bone, and the tentorium. It appears that real time sonography may offer an alternative to CT in the diagnosis of cerebroventricular hemorrhage in neonates. PMID- 6784557 TI - Internal capsule: normal anatomy and ischemic changes demonstrated by computed tomography. AB - The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to attempt to localize the different parts of the internal capsule on computed tomography (CT) axial sections and (2) to correlate clinical data and CT appearance of 25 cases of ischemic capsular lesions. Twenty-three of the ischemic lesions produced a pure motor hemiplegia. The internal capsule was studied on routine CT axial sections parallel to the canthomeatal line with 8 mm collimation before and after intravenous contrast medium injection. Absorption values of the white matter at the level of the anterior limb of the internal capsule were found to be a little higher (mean, 32 Hounsfield units [H]) when compared with the posterior limb (mean, 28 H). Lesions were classified according to the topography of the internal capsule: anterior limb (three), genu (one), posterior limb (seven), and putaminocapsulocaudate (14). CT appears to be the most sensitive and reliable method to investigate small deep cerebral infarcts since isotope scans were positive in only two of 13 cases, while angiography was positive in eight of 17 cases. PMID- 6784558 TI - Giant unclippable aneurysms: treatment with detachable balloons. AB - Nine cases of giant unclippable aneurysms treated with the detachable balloon technique are reported. Adjunctive surgical bypass procedures and arterial ligation were also carried out in four and one cases, respectively. All the patients tolerated occlusion of the carotid artery (eight cases) or of both vertebral arteries (one case). Three patients developed neurologic complications: two transient and one permanent (blindness in one eye). The complications occurred when attempts were made to occlude the aneurysm lumen only to preserve the carotid blood flow. Permanent occlusion of the carotid artery appears safer than aneurysm obliteration. Surgical procedures are necessary if the patient does not tolerate permanent occlusion of the artery or if occlusion of the artery is insufficient to obtain thrombosis of the aneurysm. PMID- 6784559 TI - Simplified CT-guided stereotaxic biopsy. AB - A stereotaxic frame worn during computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the head produces landmarks in each section that are used to relate section coordinates to frame coordinates. A small, commercially available, programmable calculator is used to interrelate frame and CT section geometry. The system can be used with any CT scanner that can specify (x,y) coordinates of a pixel, obviating the need for extensive modifications of the CT computer software. Representative clinical cases are presented. PMID- 6784560 TI - Shotgun pellet embolus to the posterior cerebral artery. PMID- 6784561 TI - Aplasia of sigmoid sinus with high-lying jugular bulb. PMID- 6784562 TI - Entrance of metrizamide into an intraventricular cysticercosis cyst. PMID- 6784563 TI - Cost effectiveness of home vs clinic blood pressure measurements. PMID- 6784564 TI - Measurements of airborne aflatoxins during the handling of contaminated corn. AB - Sample of airborne dust generated the handling of aflatoxin-contaminated corn were collected and analyzed to assess potential exposures of farmers and other agricultural workers to these mycotoxins. Using high volume total dust samplers and a high volume Andersen sampler, downwind dust samples were collected on glass filter when contaminated corn was transferred by augers from a storage bin into a wagon and back into the storage bin. The aflatoxin B1 content of the 15 dust samples ranged from 12.5 to 204.3 ppb, with an average of 138 ppb; the aflatoxin B2 content ranged from 1.1 to 41.6 ppb, with an average of 24.6 ppb. The B1 and B2 levels of contamination in the bulk corn were 223.9 and 17.5 ppb, respectively. The gravimetric dust concentration in the air ranged from 7 mg/m3 to 417 mg/m3. The samples taken with an Andersen sampler indicate the dust is relatively coarse with only approximately 17% less than 7 micrometer. An analysis of the dust from each stage showed higher levels of aflatoxins in the larger first-stage particles than in the finer particles on the succeeding stages. The results of this study indicate that the dust generated when handling contaminated commodities also may be contaminated and represent a potential inhalation hazard. This fact, coupled with the extreme toxicity and carcinogenicity previously demonstrated in animal studies, suggests that appropriate measures be taken to prevent worker exposure during handling of contaminated materials. PMID- 6784565 TI - Workplace environmental exposure level guide: potassium bromate. PMID- 6784566 TI - Treatment of vasospastic angina pectoris at rest with nitroglycerin ointment: a short-term controlled study in the coronary care unit. AB - The effectiveness of nitroglycerin ointment in vasospastic angina pectoris at rest was evaluated in 10 patients selected for study. The study was performed after a 24 hour control period, and a randomized single-blind crossover experimental design was followed. Two percent nitroglycerin ointment (15 mg) or placebo ointment was administered every 6 hours for a period of 48 hours each; the first treatment period was followed by a second in which each preparation was used for a 24 hour period. All patients were hospitalized in the coronary care unit; an objective evaluation was carried out using a multichannel electrocardiographic recording to assure recognition of the painless ischemic episodes. Coronary angiography showed critical stenosis of one or two vessels in 9 of the 10 patients; spasm was demonstrated in 3. Results of the ergonovine test were positive in nine of nine patients. Nitroglycerin ointment produced a significant reduction in the mean daily number of episodes during the first (12.5 +/- 3.9 versus 0.5 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.02) as well as the second treatment period (10.6 +/- 3.8 versus 0.6 +/- 0.4, p less than 0.02). These results demonstrate that nitroglycerin ointment provides effective, long-lasting protection against angina due to coronary spasm. PMID- 6784567 TI - Research design. PMID- 6784568 TI - The fate of ingested lactobacilli in the proximal small intestine. AB - A freeze-dried commercial preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (Lactinex) dissolved in skim milk was ingested by four nonfasting and seven fasting informed community volunteers in the Isolation Ward of the Center for Vaccine Development. Samples of jejunal fluid withdrawn from the volunteers at varying intervals were cultured for lactobacilli on a selective medium. Quantitative counts varied considerably amongst the individuals studied and also in the same person examined on two consecutive occasions. In general, however, it was shown that lactobacilli entered the small intestine and persisted in elevated numbers for about 3 h in fasting subjects and for up to 6 h in nonfasting individuals. By 4 h, counts in fasting volunteers had returned to base line levels. Although both Lactobacillus species in Lactinex entered the intestine in approximately equal numbers, L. acidophilus was recovered from more samples and in slightly greater number than L. bulgaricus. PMID- 6784569 TI - Gentamicin, tobramycin, and sisomicin disc susceptibility tests. Revised zone standards for interpretation. AB - Studies were undertaken to reevaluate interpretive zone standards for gentamicin and tobramycin disc tests. Disc tests with an investigational aminoglycoside, sisomicin, were also evaluated. The data suggest modification of zone standards for gentamicin disc tests to R (resistant) less than or equal to 12 mm and S (susceptible) greater than or equal to 16 mm. Currently recommended standards for tobramycin disc tests (R less than or equal to 12 mm and S greater than or equal to 15 mm) were found to be satisfactory. For 10-microgram sisomicin discs, zone standards of R less than or equal to 12 mm and S greater than or equal to 15 mm were also appropriate. Although gentamicin is structurally similar to sisomicin, it was less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity spectrum of sisomicin against the collection of 470 bacterial isolates studied more nearly resembled that of tobramycin. Data analysis suggested that tobramycin disc tests might be used to predict susceptibility to sisomicin. However, these two drugs differ in their susceptibilities to aminoglycoside-inactivating enzymes produced by some resistant strains. In those institutions where such strains are endemic, the class concept of disc testing may not be applicable. PMID- 6784570 TI - A rapid paper-disc test for penicillinase. AB - A practical acidimetric assay for penicillinase production using penicillin and phenol red impregnated in paper discs was developed. Blank discs were first impregnated with buffered penicillin G and, after drying, with 1% phenol red. For use, a disc was added to a bacterial suspension made in saline solution. A yellow color within 1 to 30 min of incubation indicated penicillinase production. These discs were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and the assay was found to be a simple, rapid, and accurate method for detection of penicillinase. PMID- 6784571 TI - An analysis of error rates for disc agar-diffusion testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa versus aminoglycosides. AB - Five hundred thirty-five recent clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested in parallel by the standardized disc agar-diffusion test and a micro-broth dilution test to evaluate the error rates associated with the use of both fixed indeterminate-zone breakpoints and floating indeterminate-zone breakpoints for assessing susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Error rate bound analysis showed that unacceptably high rates of error were associated with the use of all fixed breakpoints. Error rates were improved when the floating indeterminate-zone principle was used, but rates still remained unacceptably high. These findings indicate the disc agar-diffusion test should not be used for testing the susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to the aminoglycosides. PMID- 6784572 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery: Part 1. AB - The use of antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis in gastrointestinal, obstetric gynecologic, cardiovascular-thoracic, orthopedic, and head-and-neck surgery is reviewed. English-language reports of studies on antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery are reviewed. The methodology of each study was evaluated using predetermined criteria, and "evaluable" regimens are included in this review. For each type of surgical procedure, the discussion covers normal infection rates, probable bacterial contaminants, evaluable studies, and specific treatment recommendations. Regimens found to be evaluable numbered 76, with 72 of these showing a decreased infection rate with antibiotics versus placebo. Statistically significant decreases were found in 57 regimens. When properly used, antimicrobial agents have experimental justification for use in some surgical procedures. Factors that should be considered in the risk-benefit equation include: potential for and significance of surgical infection; cost, adverse effects, and ease of administration of antimicrobial agents; development of resistant microorganisms and of superinfection; and improper reliance on antimicrobial agents with resulting disregard for aseptic technique. PMID- 6784573 TI - Semiquantitative testing for glucose concentration in parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 6784574 TI - Efficient method of preparing parenteral nutrition solutions for neonates. PMID- 6784575 TI - Cell and platelet stability in disodium and tripotassium edta. AB - The relative stability of blood cells and platelets from 25 donor samples collected in both Na2EDTA and K3EDTA was examined. Twenty-one samples were from normal donors. At designated intervals over a five hour period cell counts and mean cell volumes were determined for each specimen. The separation of plasma from whole blood for future potassium determinations, as well as the preparation of blood smears for determining cellular morphology, were also performed at the designated intervals. The results indicate that no significant changes were observed in the areas investigated. Additional tests should be performed on pathological samples. PMID- 6784576 TI - Nursing diagnosis: use in long-term care. PMID- 6784577 TI - Temporal relationships between ovulation and defined changes in the concentration of plasma estradiol-17 beta, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and progesterone. II. Histologic dating. PMID- 6784579 TI - Changes in cardiovascular and renal function during catecholamine infusions in developing swine. AB - Renal and cardiac effects of norepinephrine and dopamine were evaluated in swine aged 1 wk, 2 wk, and 6 mo. The swine were anesthetized with pentobarbital (20-30 mg/kg). Aortic pressure, right ventricular pressure and its first derivative, and heart rate were recorded, together with carotid and renal (RBF) arterial flows. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined by [14C]inulin clearance. After a control period, norepinephrine or dopamine was infused intravenously for 10-20 min before and then during another clearance period. After a second control period, the second catecholamine was infused. GFR increased in piglets given either catecholamine. Norepinephrine at equipressor doses (2.0 micrograms.kg 1.min-1 in piglets and 1.0 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in mature swine) decreased RBF and increased renal resistance. Dopamine at equi-inotropic doses (10 micrograms.kg-1 min-1 in piglets and 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 in mature swine) increased RBF and decreased renal resistance only in mature swine. Infusions of dopamine at a low dose (5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) also failed to increase RBF or decrease renal resistance in piglets. The results suggest that maturation of the mechanism of renal vasodilation by dopamine occurs later than that for vasoconstriction by norepinephrine. PMID- 6784578 TI - Abnormalities of volume regulation and membrane integrity in myocardial tissue slices after early ischemic injury in the dog: effects of mannitol, polyethylene glycol, and propranolol. AB - The authors used an in vitro myocardial tissue slice technique to quantitate the transmural distribution of alterations in cell volume regulation and membrane integrity following early ischemic injury and to evaluate directly the effects of therapeutic interventions in a system not subjects to influences of coronary blood flow. Left circumflex coronary occlusion was produced in 57 dogs for 30 or 60 minutes. After in vitro incubation in Krebs-Ringer-phosphate-succinate medium containing trace 14C-inulin, typical values (ml H2O/g dry weight) for control nonischemic myocardial slices were 3.68 +/- 0.07 (SEM) for total tissue water, 2.67 +/- 0.07 for inulin impermeable space, and 1.01 +/- 0.04 for inulin diffusible space. Ischemic myocardial slices exhibited an impaired response to cold shock (0 C for 60 minutes) and rewarming (37 C for 60 minutes). After 60 minutes coronary occlusion, respective increases in total tissue water, inulin impermeable space and inulin-diffusible space of ischemic slices were 25.5 +/- 2.6%, 6.2 +/- 4.9% and 84.4 +/- 12.5% for papillary muscle, 22.2 +/- 2.1%, 10.4 +/- 4.2% and 52.5 %/- 10.3% for subendocardium and 9.1 +/- 1.5%, 7.2 +/- 2.3% and 15.8 +/- 5.5% for subepicardium. Significant but usually less marked alterations occurred after 30 minutes of coronary occlusion. Propranolol treatment in vivo (2 mg/kg) and/or in vitro (0.01 mg/ml medium) produced no significant changes in tissue water or inulin spaces of ischemic slices, compared with saline controls. Incubation in hyperosmolar mediums resulted in significant reductions in total tissue water and inulin-impermeable space with little change in inulin-diffusible space of both ischemic and control slices. Fifty milliosmolar polyethylene glycol (MW 6000) produced a greater reduction in tissue water and ultrastructural evidence of cell swelling than did either 40 or 100 milliosmolar mannitol (MW 182). The major effect of hyperosmolar incubation appeared to be a selective reduction in edema of cells with structurally intact membranes. Thus, in vitro studies, with myocardial tissue slices provide evidence of widespread alterations of membrane integrity after 30--60 minutes of in vivo coronary artery occlusion. In vitro abnormalities of cell volume regulation can be partially reversed by direct osmotic effects on myocardial cells. PMID- 6784580 TI - Acid excretion by bicarbonate-free perfused rat kidney. AB - We measured titratable acid (TA) and NH4 excretion by isolated rat kidneys perfused either with conventional bicarbonate-containing solutions or with solutions in which bicarbonate was replaced by propionate. Rates of TA excretion by bicarbonate-perfused kidneys were similar to in vivo values, 0.27 +/- 0.04 mueq.ml GF-1 (0.21 mueq.min-1.g-1), and increased significantly under bicarbonate free conditions to 0.70 +/- 0.12 mueq.ml GF-1 (0.42 mueq.min-1.g-1). At the same time the perfusate/urine pH difference (delta pH) increased significantly, from 0.63 +/- 0.06 to 0.92 +/- 0.06. Carbonic anhydrase inhibition by 5 X 10(-4) M acetazolamide alkalinized the urine of bicarbonate-perfused kidneys, while in the bicarbonate-free preparation the urine remained acid (delta pH = 0.27 +/- 0.04) and titratable acid continued to be excreted, though at a reduced rate, 0.19 +/- 0.04 mueq.ml GF-1. Under these same bicarbonate-free carbonic anhydrase-inhibited conditions, lowering the perfusate pH from 7.4 to 7.1 increased delta pH to 0.36 +/- 0.02 and caused total acid excretion (TA + NH4) to rise from 0.29 +/- 0.04 to 0.45 +/- 0.06 mueq.ml GF-1, and increasing the perfusate [HPO4] from 2.4 to 9.6 mM increased TA to 0.80 +/- 0.09 mueq.ml GF-1. PMID- 6784582 TI - Exogenous substrate utilization in Ca2+-tolerant myocytes from adult rat hearts. AB - A preparation of isolated noncontracting adult rat heart myocytes can be obtained in which viability is high, yield is adequate, and the cells are not sensitive to the deleterious effects of Ca2+ at physiological levels. Myocytes are enzymatically dispersed and maintained in a medium containing amino acids and 1% bovine serum albumin at 37 degrees C. The initial viability of 77% fell to 70% after a 60-min incubation in the presence of 1.5 mM Ca2+. The initial cellular ATP content of the myocytes was 27 nmol/mg protein. Cellular ATP content fell to 21 and 17 nmol/mg protein when cells were incubated for 60 min with and without 1.5 mM Ca2+, respectively. The oxidation of glucose and lactate was increased by 50 and 30%, respectively, by the addition of Ca2+. A decrease in the oxidation rate of these two substrates was noted when the myocytes were incubated with medium containing ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid. No changes in the rate of palmitate oxidation were observed. The significant increase in glucose and lactate oxidation due to ca2+ provides further evidence that ca2+ influences myocardial substrate utilization independent of its effects on mechanical performance of the myocardium. PMID- 6784581 TI - Effect of atropine on esophageal motor function in humans. AB - In this study, we used a high-fidelity manometric recording system to quantitate the effects of atropine on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and primary peristalsis (1 degree P). A sleeve sensor recorded LES pressure, and seven recording orifices spaced at 3-cm intervals registered motor activity in the esophageal body. Five randomized manometric studies were done in each of five normal subjects. LES pressure and 1 degree P with wet swallows were recorded for 30 min before and 70 min after intravenous injection of saline or atropine, 3, 6, 12, and 24 micrograms/kg. We also studied the effect of atropine on LES pressure in five additional subjects, four dogs, four opossums, and six monkeys. In humans, saline and 3 micrograms/kg atropine caused no significant change in pulse rate, LES pressure, or the incidence of complete peristaltic sequences. The 6, 12, and 24 micrograms/kg atropine doses caused significant inhibition of LES pressure and the incidence of intact 1 degree P. Only the 12 and 24 micrograms/kg doses increased pulse rate. When 1 degree P occurred in the smooth muscle portion of the esophagus its appearance in the proximal portion of the smooth muscle segment was delayed for several seconds. The amplitude of 1 degree P was decreased 30-60% in the smooth muscle segment, but 1 degree P was not affected in the proximal striated muscle esophageal segment. Atropine reduced canine LES pressure substantially but caused no change in opossums or monkeys. We conclude that 1) basal LES tone in humans and dogs, unlike that of the opossum and monkey, is partially generated by cholinergic neural input, 2) cholinergic nerves elicit 1 degree P in human esophageal smooth muscle, and 3) species variation exists in esophageal responses to atropine. PMID- 6784583 TI - Application of polyethylene glycol turbidity assay to detection of circulating immune complexes in cancer patients. AB - A rapid, reproducible immune complex screening assay was used to quantitate levels of circulating immune complexes in the sera of normal subjects, patients with documented increases in immune complexes from rheumatoid arthritis, patients with clinically or microbiologically documented infections, and patients with cancer. Although wide variations in individual values within the groups were noted and the concurrent elevation of polyethylene glycol-circulating immune complex levels by infection was documented as expected, significant differences were found in the values in patients with cancer compared with those in normal subjects. The overall clinical application of polyethylene glycol-circulating immune complex screening is discussed and current application of screening of serial sera samples from individual patients for correlation with measurable tumor volume is proposed. PMID- 6784584 TI - Boerhaave syndrome. Successful conservative management in three patients with late presentation. AB - Three patients with Boerhaave syndrome were successfully managed with nonoperative treatment. The diagnosis was delayed 5 days in one patient and 10 days in the other two. None of the patients appeared septic. Their conditions had been misdiagnosed as myocardial infarction, pneumonia and pulmonary embolism. Treatment consisted of intravenous hyperalimentation and administration of antacids and antibiotics. Cimetidine was also used in one patient. Two patients were discharged 14 days after diagnosis and the third on the 20th hospital day. Follow-up barium swallows showed complete healing in 2 months in all three patients. Conservative management of spontaneous esophageal perforation is feasible when (1) the perforation is already 5 days old, (2) there are no signs of severe sepsis, (3) esophageal barium study shows a wide-mouthed cavity draining freely back into the esophagus, and (4) the pleural space is not contaminated. When the diagnosis is made promptly, surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice, and patients managed conservatively who show signs of sepsis should be operated on without hesitation. Follow-up esophageal evaluation should be performed to confirm complete healing and to evaluate underlying disease. PMID- 6784585 TI - Carotid endarterectomy in a small community hospital. AB - Over a 10 year period carotid endarterectomy was performed in a total of 177 operations in 145 patients at a small community hospital. Mortality and morbidity rates were similar to those reported from larger medical centers. The use and comparison of intracerebral protective techniques of hypercarbia and shunting are discussed. Routine use of the Silastic shunt appears preferable to more elaborate means of cerebral protection. The noninvasive Dopscan and periorbital Doppler examination are effective tools in the selection of patients for surgery and follow-up of patients with asymptomatic bruits, contralateral stenoses or both. These noninvasive studies often add valuable information when the angiographic findings are uncertain. The treatment of asymptomatic carotid lesions remains controversial. Significant carotid stenosis or ulcerated plaque can be treated prophylactically by endarterectomy if the operator can show no hospital mortality and a reversible neurologic deficit of about 2 percent in his series. PMID- 6784586 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. A 10 year experience. AB - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis was seen in 42 of 5,030 infants (0.83 percent) admitted to our neonatal intensive care units. The condition developed more than 1 week after birth in most infants. This group included most of the very low birth weight infants. Forty-one of the 42 infants had enteral feedings before the onset of enterocolitis, which developed within 72 hours from the start of feedings in 19 infants (45 percent). Twenty-nine patients (69 percent) underwent surgery. Mortality in this group was 38 percent overall and 28 percent in the infants considered salvageable at laparotomy. The interval from diagnosis to surgery was 24 hours or less in 65 percent of cases, emphasizing the fulminant nature of the disease in many patients. Three of the 14 patients who died underwent no surgery. Pneumoperitoneum was one of the initial radiologic signs in 10 patients (24 percent). The necrotizing enterocolitis observed was similar clinically to that reported by others. The strikingly low incidence of enterocolitis in the neonatal intensive care units in Oregon (0.83 percent) contrasts with the generally reported incidence of 3 to 8 percent in other neonatal intensive care units. We attribute the low incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in our experience to delay of enteral feedings and reliance on prolonged peripheral or central total parenteral nutrition, or both, for nutritional maintenance of stressed or low birth weight infants. PMID- 6784587 TI - [Experience with using pergonal in endocrine sterility with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea patients]. PMID- 6784588 TI - [Date on the presence of an FSH-inhibiting factor in the follicular fluid]. PMID- 6784590 TI - [Estrogen provocation test as a supplement to the gonadotropin-releasing hormone test in secondary amenorrhea]. PMID- 6784589 TI - [Hyperprolactinemia as a cause of female infertility]. PMID- 6784591 TI - [Radioimmunological studies of girls with menstrual disorders in puberty and adolescence]. PMID- 6784593 TI - Preparation and immunological properties of procaine-protein conjugates. AB - Procaine was conjugated to BSA and rat and rabbit Gf using the carbodiimide method and 14C-procaine as a tracer. The composition of the conjugates could be varied depending on the time of incubation and the concentration of procaine in the reaction mixture. Procaine-BSA conjugates were soluble in water or saline. However, procaine conjugates to rat or rabbit Gf were not readily soluble in saline. These conjugates were good for immunization purposes, but it was cumbersome to work with them when clear solutions were needed, as in the immunochemical procedures used in this study. The immunological properties of the conjugates were studied in rats and rabbits. Rats responded with production of IgGa and precipitating antibodies to the procaine group, but IgE antibodies to the immunogen could not be detected. Furthermore, precipitating antibodies towards the procaine group were raised in rabbits. When BSA was the protein carrier, antibodies to the carrier molecule were also detected in both rats and rabbits. The conjugates of procaine to rat or rabbit Gf did not elicit antibody response to the carrier molecular when used in the homologous species. Hapten inhibition studies suggested that, in the rabbit, antibodies were also produced with specificity directed towards the molecular configuration of the hapten carrier bond. PMID- 6784592 TI - Emergency measurement of stat, timed, serum ethanol levels for medical management. AB - Because of a general impression that a substantial proportion of emergency medical problems requiring treatment or hospitalization was caused by unsuspected alcohol consumption, a study to question that impression was done on a population of urban emergency service patients. We evaluated blood samples taken from these patients for routine determinations for many reasons other than suspicion of alcohol use or abuse. Abnormalities in results of serum ethanol concentrations were found more frequently than abnormalities of concurrently determined serum electrolytes, urea nitrogen, or glucose. The frequency of abnormalities found was ethanol, 42%; carbon dioxide, 35%; glucose, 34%; chloride, 32%, sodium, 21%; potassium, 20%; and urea nitrogen, 13%. The high incidence of serum ethanol elevations in such hospital emergency service patients and the considerable potential usefulness of ethanol levels in diagnosis and management of a wide variety of medical problems suggest that determinations of stat, timed, serum ethanol concentrations are often indicated as an emergency study for urban populations. PMID- 6784594 TI - [Effect of potent analgesics on the ventilatory CO2 response and on the mouth occlusion pressure (author's transl)]. AB - The depressant effects of four potent analgesics on the respiration were studied in 9 healthy young persons by determining the CO2 response (Read's method) and the mouth occlusion pressure (Whitelaw's method) before and after administration of the drugs and with or without interposition of additional inspiratory resistance (Rin). The analgesics tested were: Mr. 1268 = M1; pentazocine = M2; tramadol = M3; Mr. 1353 = M4. M1 and M2 induced a marked reduction in the ventilatory CO2 response (56.2 per cent +/- 21.8 for M1 and 53.8 per cent +/- 17.1 for M2). Interposition of Rin reduced the response to 43.9 per cent +/- 15.5 and 41.7 per cent +/- 17.3 respectively of the normal value. The occlusion pressure fell to 54.3 +/- 17 and 49.4 per cent +!- 22.2 respectively. After interposition of Rin the values were reduced 89 per cent +/- 27.3 and 79.9 +/- 29 respectively from the original value of 152.2 +!- 34.6. Administration of M3 or M4 did not significantly affect either the CO2 response or the occlusion pressure, nor had interposition of Rin any effect. M1 and M2 also induced changes in the ratio central stimulus P100/resultant flow (VT/Ti), viz.: M1 +/- SD: 77.1 per cent +/- 7.1; M2 +/- SD: 77.3 +/- 14.1. M3 and M4 had no significant effect M3 = 92.3 per cent +/- 9.1; M4 = 93.9 per cent +/- 13.3). The data indicate that the two methods make it possible to quantify that the two methods make it possible to quantify the respiratory depression induced by drugs and to differentiate between central respiratory depression and additional impairment of respiratory mechanics. PMID- 6784595 TI - [Metabolic investigations under electro-stimulation and neurolept anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - During ophthalmic operations the effects of electrostimulation anaesthesia on metabolites, as glucose, glycerol, ketone bodies, and on blood gas and acid base parameters, were investigated in 10 patients with normal circulation and metabolism. They were compared with those of a group operated under neuroleptanesthesia. Both groups of patients were treated with muscle relaxation and controlled normoventilation by a N2O/O2 (1:1) mixture. As the determined parameters gave no evidence of significant differences between the two groups, it is concluded that electrostimulation anaesthesia and neuroleptanaesthesia produce comparable analgesia. PMID- 6784596 TI - Intravenous regional analgesia using bupivacaine. PMID- 6784597 TI - [The effect of prolonged inspiration time and PEEP on compliance and gas exchange in ventilated patients (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of prolonged inspiration time and PEEP on compliance, haemodynamics and gas exchange was studied on 15 patients, who were ventilated because of respiratory distress syndrome. The patients were ventilated by the Servoventilator 900 BR connected with a calculation unit. The inspiration time varied from 35 to 70%, the PEEP from 0 to 20 cm H2O. All patients were ventilated with constant tidal volumes (10-15 ml/kg b.w.). The compliance rose from 48 ml/H2O (ZEEP) to 61,5 ml/cm H2O (PEEP + 8 ml H2O). A further increase of PEEP caused a decrease of compliance to 48 ml/cm H2O (PEEP + 20 cm H2O). A prolongation of inspiration time of up to 53% showed an augmentation of compliance from 48 ml/cm H2O to 53 ml/cm H2O. Both modes of assisted ventilation caused an improvement of alveolar ventilation. The simultaneous consideration of various parameters of gas exchange, compliance and haemodynamics guaranteed the optimal mode of ventilation and minimal side effects. PMID- 6784598 TI - Alfentanil, a new, potent and very short-acting morphinomimetic for minor operative procedures. A pilot study. AB - A recently developed derivative of fentanyl, alfentanil, which showed an extremely short lived activity in pharmacological studies was evaluated in 57 female patients undergoing short gynaecological operations. Anaesthesia was induced with 0.05 mg/kg alfentanil, followed by an injection of etomidate. Virtually no respiratory depression was seen: all patients resumed normal spontaneous respiration within 7 minutes after the operation and naloxone was not given. Blood pressure and heart rate remained stable. No complications occurred during the procedure and serious side-effects were absent. PMID- 6784599 TI - A simple method for removing aluminum from adenosine-5'-triphosphate. PMID- 6784600 TI - A unified method for the assay of uridine diphosphoglucuronyltransferase activities toward various aglycones using uridine diphospho[U-14C]glucuronic acid. PMID- 6784601 TI - A sensitive kinetic assay for UDPglucuronosyltransferase using 1-naphthol as substrate. PMID- 6784602 TI - Indices of the activation state of glycogen synthase. PMID- 6784603 TI - Enzyme amplification for trace level determination of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with a pCO2 electrode. PMID- 6784604 TI - Determination of microgram amounts of calcium in small biological samples by EDTA titration using Patton and Reeder's indicator. PMID- 6784605 TI - [Ultrastructure of female rat FSH gonadotrophs following two LH-RH stimulations (author's transl)]. AB - In FSH-cells of female rats increased granule extrusion and increased granule synthesis was observed using electron-microscopy 60 min and 60--120 min, respectively, after a single 250 microgram LH-RH injection. Granule content was distinct higher 120 min after LH-RH when compared with NaCl treated animals. These "excessively" synthesized granules were subsequently removed by increased cytolysosomal degradation. When a second LH-RH injection of the same dose was given 120 min. after the first, a distinct augmentation of granule extrusion, synthesis and -degradation was observed indeed in the same time-sequence as observed after the first LH-RH stimulation. As reported previously for LH, also FSH is secreted from FSH gonadotrophs by in toto granule extrusion. Subsequently the granule content was immediately restored by intracellular regulatory processes. PMID- 6784606 TI - Halothane and hypocapnia: effects on electrically stimulated atrial arrhythmias in digitalized dogs. AB - To assess the effectiveness of halothane as an antiarrhythmic agent against atrial arrhythmias brought about by hyperventilation of digitalized subjects, the effects of halothane end-tidal (ET) = 1.0% and hypocapnia (PCO2ET = 25 vs 40 torr) on stimulated atrial arrhythmias (atrial echoes [echoes]; repetitive atrial firing [RAF]) and supraventricular conduction and refractoriness were assessed digitalized dogs. Ten dogs received low dose (LD, 22 microgram/kg/day X 7 days) and nine dogs received high dose (HD, 44 microgram/kg/day X 7 days) digoxin. Serum digoxin levels following LD were 0.5 to 1.8 ng/ml (mean +/- 1 SD = 1.16 +/- 0.31) and following HD were 2.0 to 4.0 ng/ml (3.06 +/- 0.71 ng/ml). High right atrial pacing and extrastimulation and catheter His bundle electrocardiography were used. Spontaneous arrhythmias or conduction disturbances were not observed. Halothane enhanced RAF but not echoes in dogs given LD and HD. It also increased supraventricular conduction time and refractoriness. Hypocapnia had no effect on echoes or RAF and minimal effects on conduction and refractoriness. By analysis of variance, digoxin had no effects on echoes, RAF, refractory periods, or conduction. It is concluded that halothane affords no protection against stimulated arrhythmias in hypocapneic or eucapneic, nontoxic digitalized dogs. PMID- 6784607 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in the perioperative period--a time for caution? PMID- 6784608 TI - Nutrition for the patient with respiratory failure: glucose vs. fat. AB - High glucose intakes given during administration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have been demonstrated to increase CO2 production. The workload imposed by the high CO2 production may precipitate respiratory distress in patients with compromised pulmonary function. Changes in CO2 production and O2 consumption induced by TPN using either glucose as the entire source of non-protein calories, or fat emulsions as 50 per cent of the non-protein calories, have been analyzed either in patients with chronic nutritional depletion or in acutely ill patients secondary to injury and infection. In patients with chronic nutritional depletion, shifting from the lipid to the glucose system caused a 20 per cent (P less than 0.025) increase in CO2 production which resulted in a 26 per cent increase in minute ventilation (P less than 0.01). In the acutely ill patients receiving the glucose system, CO2 production was significantly higher than in those receiving the lipid system (179 vs. 147 ml.min-1.m-2; P less than 0.01. Fat emulsions can serve as a source of non-protein calories and are associated with lesser degrees of CO2 production than isocaloric amounts of glucose. PMID- 6784610 TI - The clinical impact of the newer research in blood rheology: an overview. AB - Over the last two decades concepts of hemorheology became established and required methods and techniques developed. Progress was made in the formation of a field of clinical hemorheology. The role of viscosity factors in various disorders has been established, especially in heart disease and diabetes. It has been recognized that hyperviscosity can be present if any one of the blood viscosity factors is increased, even if the viscosity of whole blood appears normal or even subnormal. While hyperviscosity may result in ischemic and thromboembolic episodes, the causes of hyperviscosity may include cancer, genetic abnormality, infection, metabolic disorders, and many others. The basic causes can be, in their turn, affected and reinforced by hyperviscosity. Superimposition of an added hyperviscosity factor onto already elevated blood viscosity might lead to precipitation of ischemic episodes. This review deals with the correlations between hyperviscosity and heat disease and among diabetes, cancer, and chronic anxiety. The predictive value of hyperviscosity with respect to ischemic episodes and cancer metastases is discussed. PMID- 6784609 TI - Correction and monitoring of postoperative cerebral vasospasm. AB - There have been several case reports in which various hypertension-inducing regimens have been used in the treatment of postoperative cerebral vasospasm. Regimens have included the used of metaraminal bitarate, norepinephrine with intravascular volume expansion, and high-dose dopamine with mannitol and volume expansion. Clinical response has been very favorable. Our patient improved markedly after administration of dopamine and intravascular volume expansion. Little work has been done to document vasospasm as the cause of the ischemia or to demonstrate increased cerebral blood flow following treatment. We suggest that noninvasive Doppler flow velocity studies may be an ideal tool for the further assessment of these patients. PMID- 6784611 TI - Accidental ingestion of liquid zinc chloride: local and systemic effects. AB - The case of a 24-year-old man who accidentally ingested liquid zinc chloride is presented. Local caustic effects included erosive pharyngitis and esophagitis. Nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, as well as hypocalcemia and hyperamylasemia, suggested acute pancreatitis. Microhematuria occurred, but renal function did not deteriorate. Lethargy and confusion, noted previously in another case of hyperzincemia, were present. Chelation therapy was instituted, with reversal of the clinical and biochemical effects of zinc poisoning. PMID- 6784612 TI - Acute zinc chloride ingestion in a young child. AB - This brief report describes the clinical course and management of a child who ingested a zinc chloride solution used in a lead soldering process. Injury was limited to bleeding from esophageal erosions and hematemesis. No adverse systemic effects were observed, although serum zinc levels were markedly elevated. A single small dosage of calcium disodium edetate (150 mg dissolved in 75 ml 1:5 normal saline) was effective in normalizing the serum zinc level. PMID- 6784613 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in the dog: a reevaluation. AB - The pharmacokinetics of phenytoin, as well as drug plasma concentrations, during continued treatment were studied in the dog. After IV injection of 10 mg/kg, the average elimination half-life was 4.4 hours, which is in good agreement with previous studies. Bioavailability from tablet formulation was rather poor (av 36% compared with that obtained with IV) and showed great variation between dogs. Even with the dosage regimen of 20 mg of drug/kg given TID orally, therapeutic plasma concentrations could only be maintained for the first 2 or 3 days of treatment; these subsequently decreased to ineffective concentrations during the 1st week of treatment. This effect was accompanied by considerable reductions in half-life, indicating that phenytoin is a strong inducer of microsomal drug metabolism in the dog. Phenytoin must be considered as poorly suited for the treatment of canine epilepsy. PMID- 6784614 TI - Pseudomonas pneumonia of mink: pathogenesis, vaccination, and serologic studies. AB - Fulminating pneumonia was produced in mink by the intratracheal administration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The sequence of pulmonary lesions was focal inflammation, focal necrosis, and widespread inflammation and necrosis. Secondary lesions of peracute hemorrhage and necrosis were the result of bacterial spread via the airways. Invasion of vessel walls by P aeruginosa was a terminal event and was secondary to bacillary invasion and necrosis of adjacent tissues. Regional (lymphatic) and systemic spread of bacteria followed the development of pulmonary lesions, but there was little morphologic evidence of tissue damage in other organs. Immunofluorescence studies showed that P aeruginosa antigen was dispersed within pulmonary cells and was free in the lung parenchyma. Mink surviving beyond postinfection hour 60 had a macrophage infiltration into limited pulmonary lesions. A vaccine trial was conducted with P aeruginosa lipopolysaccharides (LPS) used as antigen, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect antibody. Antibody was detected in mink after vaccination with LPS or natural exposure. Mink with antibody to LPS, from vaccination or naturally acquired, were resistant to experimental infection. PMID- 6784615 TI - Development of a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, using an antigen of Brucella abortus. AB - A study was conducted to develop a migration inhibitory factor assay under agarose of bovine mononuclear leukocytes, with an antigen of Brucella abortus. Different concentrations of mononuclear leukocytes were prepared by the Ficoll Hypaque technique from the blood of nonvaccinated calves and from calves previously vaccinated with strain 19. Concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 x 10(6) leukocytes were suspended in RPMI-1640 medium and various dilutions (20, 10, 1, and 0.1 microgram) of B abortus-soluble antigen, dispensed in triplicate wells cut in 1% agarose containing minimal essential medium and 10% bovine fetal serum. These agarose plates were incubated for 4-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 20-, and 24-hour periods and then were fixed; leukocytes were stained with Wright's stain. Migration distances were measured, and statistical analyses of the data revealed a concentration of 2 x 10(6) cells/well and an antigen concentration of 10 microgram/well. An incubation period of 20 hours was optimal for the assay. PMID- 6784616 TI - Quantitative survival of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites and bradyzoites in pepsin and in trypsin solutions. AB - Bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii survived in pepsin solutions and in trypsin solutions. After 120 minutes in trypsin solution at 37 C, infectivity of bradyzoites for mice was reduced 100-fold, whereas in pepsin solution there was no reduction in infectivity. Tachyzoites survived in trypsin, but after 15 and 60 minutes' incubation at 37 C, there was a 100,000-fold reduction in infectivity titer. Toxoplasma gondii was demonstrated in mice inoculated with experimentally infected goat brain digested in pepsin and in trypsin solutions, but not in mice inoculated with undigested brain of the same goat. Seemingly, tissues should be digested in pepsin solution to isolate T gondii from chronically infected animals. PMID- 6784617 TI - Effects of killed Brucella abortus strain 45/20 vaccine on reindeer later challenge exposed with Brucella suis type 4. AB - Six seronegative pregnant reindeer (Rangifer tarandus L) were vaccinated with killed Brucella abortus strain 45/20 with added adjuvant. These were challenge exposed with B suis type 4 after 90 days; at the same time, 4 seronegative, nonvaccinated, pregnant reindeer (controls) were given the challenge inoculum. Humoral antibodies were detected in the vaccinated reindeer by postvaccination day 14. A marked increase in antibody levels also occurred after they were challenge exposed, but did not reach the levels observed in control reindeer which seroconverted within 8 days after they were given the challenge inoculum. One control reindeer aborted at 45 days after challenge exposure (at 165 days of a normal 225-day gestation period), and the fawn of another lived only a few days after delivery. Brucella suis type 4 was isolated from tissues of 3 of 4 control reindeer and of 2 of their fawns. All vaccinated reindeer gave birth to live fawns which were culture negative, although 1 fawn lived only a few days. Brucella suis type 4 was isolated from tissues of 1 vaccinated reindeer. Under the conditions of this experiment, killed B abortus 45/20 vaccine provided increased resistance to brucellosis. PMID- 6784618 TI - Prepartum changes of plasma concentrations of prostaglandin F and 13,14-dihydro 15-ketoprostaglandin metabolites in pregnant animals exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi or Campylobacter fetus. AB - Pregnant cows at 4- to 5-months' of gestation were exposed to Sarcocystis cruzi or Campylobacter fetus. Plasma prostaglandin F (PGF) and 13,14-dihydro-15 ketoprostaglandin metabolite (PGM) concentrations were determined at intervals from before exposure until abortion or parturition. The plasma PGF concentration of pregnant infected cattle remained at 0.02 +/- 0.04 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition when it increased 5-fold to 0.11 +/- 0.12 ng/ml. The plasma PGM concentration of these cattle remained at 0.10 +/- 0.07 ng/ml until 24 to 48 hours before abortion or parturition when it increased over 10 fold to 1.36 +/- 0.60 ng/ml. This change in PGF and PGM was similar to that of cattle exposed to each of the infective agents and to that of normal cows at parturition. Thus, changes in PGF and PGM concentrations in bovine plasma cannot be used as a diagnostic tool to determine fetal distress or fetal death for these infections. PMID- 6784619 TI - Therapeutic effect of phenylbutazone on experimental acute Escherichia coli endotoxemia in ponies. AB - Phenylbutazone (PBZ), a classic anti-inflammatory and prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitor drug, was used to determine the role of prostaglandins and other mediators on the development and perpetuation of the response to intraperitoneal Escherichia coli endotoxin administration. The PBZ (15 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV 30 minutes after endotoxin administration and was repeated later at 6 and 12 hours at a dose of 10 mg/kg. A variety of evaluation measurements (hematologic, blood glucose, pyruvate, lactate and fibrinogen, serum beta glucuronidase, prothrombin time, blood gases, hepatic glycogen, plasma esterase, capillary refill time, and rectal temperature) were utilized. Marked alterations were noted for all evaluators following endotoxin administration except for blood fibrinogen, prothrombin time, and plasma esterase activity. The PBZ therapy blocked the hemoconcentration, hyperglycemia, increased blood lactate, decreased bicarbonate, decreased blood pH, pyrexia, and prolonged capillary refill time responses associated with endotoxin administration. Despite the significant blocking effects of PBZ on endotoxin responses, the eventual survival rate was unaffected in these experiments. PMID- 6784620 TI - CO2 elimination by high frequency ventilation (4 to 10 Hz) in normal subjects. AB - We measured the rate of CO2 elimination (VCO2) by oscillatory high frequency ventilation (HFV) in 8 normal subjects and studied the effects of varying frequency, stroke volume, lung volume, and bronchodilation on VCO2. Subjects breath-held while a loudspeaker at the mouth sinusoidally forced low volumes (15 to 150 ml) of air at a high frequency (4 to 10 Hz) into the respiratory system. The CO2 eliminated from the lungs was washed out by a bias flow at the mouth. In each of 6 subjects studied, VCO2 was greater at 8 Hz than at 4 Hz (130 versus 74 ml/min; p less than 0.05) with oscillation volumes (VT) of 100 ml. At a fixed frequency of 10 Hz there was a positive linear correlation (p less than 0.01) between oscillation volume and VCO2. At a lung volume 500 ml below total lung capacity VCO2 ranged from 130 to 215 ml/min at a mean VT of 130 ml and 5 to 60 ml/min at a VT of only 10% of the estimated anatomic dead space. In 3 subjects, after inhalation of isoproterenol, there was a greater VCO2 over the entire vital capacity (p less than 0.01). We concluded that HFV can achieve values of CO2 elimination close to the estimated metabolic CO2 production in normal unintubated subjects over short periods of time. PMID- 6784621 TI - Should isoniazid be used in retreatment of tuberculosis despite acquired isoniazid resistance? AB - The use of high-dose isoniazid in retreatment regimens for tuberculosis, despite acquired isoniazid resistance, could possibly improve therapeutic results if all or part of the organisms were resistant to only low concentrations of that drug. Furthermore, organisms resistant to low concentrations of isoniazid have been shown, on occasion, to be resistant to 2 of the retreatment drugs, ethionamide and pyrazinamide, whereas higher degrees of isoniazid resistance are associated with susceptibility to these drugs. Use of high-dose isoniazid might improve results in retreatment with ethionamide and pyrazinamide by eliminating any organisms with low degrees of isoniazid resistance that have associated ethionamide and pyrazinamide resistance. Two clinical trials concerning this topic have been reported. A controlled retreatment trial with various combinations of ethionamide, cycloserine, and pyrazinamide with and without conventional "low" doses of isoniazid (300 mg per day) showed no benefit when isoniazid was added. However, a noncontrolled trial using ethionamide and pyrazinamide with and without high doses of isoniazid, 1 to 1.5 g per day, showed marked benefit with the added isoniazid. In view of these conflicting data, the use of high-dose isoniazid in retreatment regimens needs further study, which could probably be carried out in the developing countries. PMID- 6784622 TI - Experimental models to explain the high sterilizing activity of rifampin in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis. AB - Model systems were set up in vitro to explore the reasons why rifampin is a better sterilizing drug than isoniazid in short-course chemotherapy of tuberculosis. When the growth rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Rv was reduced uniformly by lowering the incubation temperature or the pH of the culture medium, the bactericidal activity of rifampin and isoniazid decreased to a similar extent. However, when a culture was maintained at 8 degrees C and incubated for daily periods of 1 or 6 h at 37 degrees C, rifampin killed more rapidly than isoniazid. Maintenance of control cultures without antimicrobials at 8 degrees C with or without periods at 37 degrees C, had little or no effect on their viability, ability to commence logarithmic growth at 37 degrees C, or to incorporate [14C]uridine. Old cultures left undisturbed or to which small additions of fresh culture medium were regularly added were killed more rapidly by rifampin than by isoniazid. These experiments supported the view that the special part of the bacterial population that is killed more rapidly by rifampin than by isoniazid during short-course chemotherapy consists of bacilli dormant much of the time but occasionally metabolising for short periods. PMID- 6784623 TI - Respiratory flow-resistive load compensation during sleep. AB - We studied ventilation, arterial blood gas tensions, and the ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia of eight cats during wakefulness, quiet (slow-wave) sleep, and active (rapid-eye-movement) sleep. Responses to hypercapnia were measured before and during added airway resistance. Ventilation decreased, and arterial PCO2 increased during both slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep. Unloaded ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia decreased during slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep as well. Flow-resistive loading caused awake cats to increase their occlusion pressure response to hypercapnia, thereby preserving their ventilatory responses. In contrast, during both slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep, cats showed no augmentation of the occlusion pressure response and concomitant decrease of the ventilatory response to hypercapnia with the load. Thus, sleep was associated with loss of flow-resistive load compensation. It is postulated that, in an appropriate setting, this phenomenon could serve a protective function by decreasing the chances for progression from partial to complete upper airway obstruction during sleep. PMID- 6784624 TI - Rapid drug-susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Three methods for rapidly determining the susceptibility of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis isolates to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, and para aminosalicylic acid were evaluated in a large-scale, blind study. Two of the methods measured evolution of CO2 from radio-labeled substrate (14CO2), and one method measured incorporation of 3H-uracil into ribonucleic acid. Rapid indirect drug-susceptibility test results for nearly 300 isolates were compared with those obtained using a standard modified proportion technique. The 3H-uracil uptake method proved to be unacceptable. Over-all, the results obtained using the 14CO2 methods and the standard method were similar. In general, there was greater agreement between the 14CO2 and proportion techniques with drug-susceptible strains than with drug-resistant strains. Among drug-resistant strains, both 14CO2 methods were more reliable for determining resistance to rifampin than to other drugs. This study demonstrates that large-scale, blind evaluations of new laboratory procedures are valuable. Our results indicate that methods relying o the enzymatic release of 14CO2 should be further refined and evaluated. PMID- 6784625 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 6784626 TI - Galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome: follow-up of forty-five patients after pituitary tumor removal. AB - Forty-five patients with galactorrhea-amenorrhea were followed during a period of 1 to 8 years (mean 3.1) after transsphenoidal prolactinoma removal. The ratios of patients who appear to be cured to the total numbers treated were 20 patients of 27 with grade I tumors; six of 10 with grade II; two of five with grade III; and none with grade IV tumors. Six patients with normal prolactin levels one week postoperatively had relapse later, as did three with normal prolactin levels 2 months postoperatively. A normal prolactin level 6 months postoperatively predicted ultimate cure. The 19 pregnancies that occurred in 15 patients, four with high prolactin levels, were uneventful. Prolactin rose normally with pregnancy and returned to prepregnancy level in all but one patient. Prolactin responses to stimulation tests were blunted for 6 months after successful tumor removal. By 1 year, responses to thyrotropin releasing hormone and metoclopramide tests were returning to normal, although responses to chlorpromazine and hypoglycemia remained blunted. The postoperative inhibition of normal lactotropes for 6 months is suggested. Ultimate cure cannot be determined before 6 months and conception should be deferred until then. PMID- 6784627 TI - Total absence of eosinophils in a patient with an allergic disorder. AB - A 45-year-old woman with a 25-year history of episodic urticaria and rhinitis had no detectable eosinophils in blood or bone marrow; levels of other leukocytes were normal. No eosinophils were found in the nasal discharge or the exudate elicited in skin windows by ragweed extract, to which the patient exhibited an immediate-type hypersensitivity response. A complement-dependent IgG-related activity in the patient's serum cytotoxically degranulated human eosinophils in vitro without affecting neutrophils. Antieosinophil activity was confirmed by the ability of a single dose of the patient's serum to suppress significantly the eosinophil counts in monkeys for up to 12 hours. This is the first description of an isolated absence of eosinophils, a condition that may present with allergic manifestations. PMID- 6784629 TI - [Enteral feeding as a valid alternative to parenteral feeding of the critically ill patient]. PMID- 6784630 TI - [Comparative results of experimental transplantation of the islands of Langerhans to the portal vein, a muscular pocket, general venous circulation and peritoneal cavity]. PMID- 6784628 TI - Immunization to prevent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? The economics of genetic screening and vaccination for diabetes. AB - There is increasing evidence that some cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are virally induced, and vaccination against this disease may become possible. We have prospectively examined the costs and benefits that would occur if a diabetes vaccine were developed, using a decision tree to model the alternative vaccination policies, including histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) screening. We found many cost and likelihood data in the literature, and when data on the potential vaccine had to be hypothesized, we used sensitivity analysis to check our estimates. We conclude that vaccinating all children at age 3 would be preferable to HLA screening and vaccinating only persons with a genetic predisposition to developing diabetes. A 50% effective vaccine would cut the diabetes incidence rate by 29% and save the U.S. population $30 million annually in direct costs of diabetes care. If indirect costs are considered these savings could amount to $4.2 billion over 60 years, discounted to present value at 5%, while preventing over 200,000 cases of insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6784631 TI - [Acute gastroduodenal hemorrhage: clinical evaluation after treatment with total parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6784632 TI - [Investigation of orthostatic hypotension by the provoked hypercapnia test (author's transl)]. AB - Orthostatic hypotension results from an alteration in the baroreflex at any level with subsequent disturbance in blood pressure homeostasis in response to variations. The second part of this reflex arc, from the bulbar vasopressor centre to the peripheral effector sites, can be explored directly by studying the hemodynamic response to an increase in arterial CO2 levels. Normally the response is an increase in blood pressure, but under abnormal conditions there is a reduction. Orthostatic hypotension with a normal hemodynamic response to increased CO2 levels indicates that the first part of the reflex arc is involved, an abnormal response is due to the second part being affected. The CO2 test was conducted in 8 subjects with orthostatic hypotension (bulbar lesions, medullary lesions, idiopathic orthostatic hypotension, polyradiculoneuritis, primary amylosis). Comparing the typical anatomoclinical characteristics of each of the lesions explored with the results of the hemodynamic response to CO2 test suggests that the interpretation proposed is a valid one. PMID- 6784633 TI - [A case of alpha chain disease in an African negro (author's transl)]. AB - A new case of alpha chain disease is described in an African negro (Zaire). The initial diagnosis was lymphoma, diffuse immunoblastic type. serum protein electrophoresis exhibited a normal pattern but immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated alpha heavy chain without reactivity with anti light chains antisera. It seems to be the third case of alpha chain disease in a black patient. PMID- 6784634 TI - The long-term culture of a diploid rat hepatocyte cell strain. AB - We have developed a cell culture system of cloned rat hepatocytes which is named RL-PR-C. This culture has been grown in culture for over 150 passages (560 p.d.). It remains diploid by modal number count for over 50 passages (183 p.d.) after which there is a variation in the modal number between 41 and 42. The culture becomes intrinsically (spontaneously) malignantly transformed at about this time whereas cells treated with aflatoxin B1, at subacute and subtoxic doses, from Passage 12(65 p.d.) were malignantly transformed at Passage 35(135 p.d.). Evidence indicates that not all cells in the population are malignantly transformed. Back injection of mixed population of malignantly transformed cells into isogenic rat pups, yield tumors which are histologically classified as mixed. That is, areas of the same tissue slice exhibit both carcinomas and sarcoma characteristics. Data obtained by injection of clones derived from malignantly transformed cells suggest that the cells injected are multipotent with respect to the type of tumor formed. Further investigations are continuing in this regard. This cultural system will be used to study the evolution and maintenance of the transformed state and to develop a test system for putative carcinogens and mutagens. PMID- 6784636 TI - Genetic variation of viruses. PMID- 6784635 TI - The use of liver cell cultures in mutagenesis studies. AB - A sensitive cell-mediated assay has been developed for testing the mutagensis of liver carcinogens. Mutagenesis was detected in Chinese hamster V79 cells that were cocultivated with hepatocytes isolated after collagenase/hyaluronidase digestion of rat liver slices. Mutations were characterized by resistance to ouabain and 6-thioguanine. Seven of the nitrosamines, which are potent liver carcinogens, exhibited a mutagenic response. Mutagensis with the carcinogens could be detected at micromolar doses. The polyaromatic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene, which is not a liver carcinogen, but can cause fibrosarcomas, was not mutagenic in this assay, but was mutagenic in a fibroblast-mediated assay. The liver carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, which usually does not induce fibrosarcomas, exhibited an inverse situation; it was mutagenic for V79 cells in the presence of liver cells but not in the presence of fibroblasts. We suggest that the use of various cell types, including hepatocytes prepared by the slicing method for carcinogen metabolism, and mutable V79 cells offers a sensitive assay for determining the mutagenic potential of chemical carcinogens, and may also allow a study of their organ specificity. PMID- 6784637 TI - The role of genetics in the study of animal viruses. PMID- 6784638 TI - [Contamination of cow's milk during ingestion of small quantities of aflatoxin]. AB - Sixteen cows, some in the early and the rest in the late lactation period, were given daily, during a eight day period a ration of peanut meal naturally contaminated by aflatoxin. The analysis for aflatoxin M1 of the milk obtained from these cows indicates the following points: --the level of aflatoxin M1 is not influenced by the volume of the daily milk secretion; --the quantity of this hydroxy-derivative expressed as a percentage of the parent toxin varies from 0.14 to 0.34 in the animals in the late lactation period, and from 0.66 to 0.95 in the cows producing some twenty litres of milk per day; --in order to achieve a tolerance limit of 20 ng/kg of aflatoxin M1, in the milk, the daily ingestion of the mycotoxin by cows should not exceed 90--100 micrograms per animal. PMID- 6784639 TI - [Hypothalamic -hypophyseal functional activity in amenorrhea. Comparison between GnRH stimulation response and the results of discriminative analysis of basal hormonal levels]. PMID- 6784640 TI - Probability of trauma and reliability of placement of a 20 mm long model human scala tympani multielectrode array. PMID- 6784641 TI - Complications of CO2 laser surgery of the larynx. AB - Since the introduction of CO2 laser surgery, surgeons have stressed the importance of protecting nontarget structures from errant irradiation. Although striking areas outside the intended field may inflict little or no damage, irradiating an exposed endotracheal tube may result in an endotracheal fire. Recent experience with a case of endotracheal tube ignition led to reevaluation of those factors associated with this serious complication. In an attempt to determine the best endotracheal tube to use during laser surgery of the larynx, the flammability of polyvinyl chloride and red rubber endotracheal tubes was compared. Several factors were noted to contribute to the potential hazard of endotracheal tube ignition. Since red rubber tubes are less flammable, they should be used during laryngeal CO2 laser surgery. PMID- 6784642 TI - Vitamin A-induced ear malformations in rats as a model for analysis of atresia auris congenita: a microsurgical and histological study. PMID- 6784643 TI - Proceedings of the West Coast Cochlear Prosthesis Conference, University of California at San Francisco, February 23-24, 1979. PMID- 6784644 TI - Growth of loudness for sinusoidal and pulsatile electrical stimulation. PMID- 6784647 TI - Opto-isolated stimulators used for electrically evoked BSER: some observations on electrical artifact. PMID- 6784646 TI - Electrode position and excitation patterns for a model cochlear prosthesis. PMID- 6784645 TI - Pitch correlates of direct auditory nerve electrical stimulation. PMID- 6784649 TI - Chronic electrical stimulation with intracochlear electrodes: electrophysiological results. PMID- 6784648 TI - Cochlear prostheses: a histological examination of implanted cats. PMID- 6784650 TI - Status of hearing Rehabilitation Research Center Implant Program. PMID- 6784651 TI - Cochlear pathology following chronic intracochlear electrical stimulation. PMID- 6784652 TI - Performance characteristics of intracochlear stimulating electrodes. PMID- 6784653 TI - [Polyamines in psoriasis]. PMID- 6784655 TI - [Hepatocystis of Hypsignathus monstrosus (Pteropinae) in Gabon. II. Description of Hepatocystis carpenteri n. sp (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatocystis carpenteri n. sp. parasite of Hypsignathus monstrosus in Gabon is different from Hepatocystis epomophori and Hepatocystis brosseti, parasitic in other African Megachiroptera. H. carpenteri has bigger intrahepatic schizonts and a wall with a spongy appearance which has not been seen in other Hepatocystis. PMID- 6784654 TI - [Description of Hepatocystis muuli n. sp., Haemoproteidae, parasite of Sciuridae in Thailand (author's transl)]. AB - Description of the gametocytes and the schizonts of H. muuli and of the gametocytes of Hepatocystis sp. parasites of Menetes berdmorei in Thailand. The schizonts of H. muuli are intrahepatocytic and provoke an hypertrophy of the host cell and its nucleus which remain visible during the entire development of the tissue stage. Old schizonts are very lobulated and the colloid is abundant and irregularly distributed. Histiomacrophagic reaction of the surrounding tissue remains moderate before the maturity of the parasite. PMID- 6784656 TI - [Acute pulmonary oedema related to the administration of mannitol. Two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784657 TI - [Slime from a mucoid strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mucoviscidosis and other respiratory diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784658 TI - Plasticity in the vestibulo-ocular reflex: a new hypothesis. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex functions to prevent head movements from disturbing retinal images by generating compensatory eye movements to offset the head movements. In the monkey--the species mainly under consideration here--this reflex is machine-like and very effective. In the short-term, the VOR operates as an open-loop control system without the benefit of feedback and its performance is fixed and immutable: No matter what pattern of eye-head coordination the animal uses to view external objects, there is a continuing need for the VOR and it continues to operate; however, should the VOR consistently fail to stabilize the retinal images during head turns, it will gradually undergo long-term adaptive gain changes that restore, that stability. This adaptive capability is ultimately dependent upon vision, and a variety of optical devices that disturb the visual input normally associated with lead turns have been used to induce large changes in the reflex. Insofar as the monkey is concerned, all of the available evidence suggests to us that the modifiable elements underlying these long-term adjustments are located in the brainstem vestibular pathways and not, as previously suggested by others, in the floccular lobes of the cerebellum. However, the flocculus does appear to have an important, inductive role in the adaptive process providing at least part of the error signal guiding the long term adjustments in the brainstem. In our view, the VOR is a particularly well defined example of a plastic system and promises to be a most useful model for studying the cellular mechanisms underlying memory and learning the central nervous system. PMID- 6784659 TI - [Continuous enteral feeding and extensive radionecroses. A case of radionecrosis of the pelvis]. PMID- 6784660 TI - [A distinctive scheme of amino acid replacement was evolved for the generation of diversity, among hypervariable positions (author's transl)]. AB - The diversity of amino acid residues, at a same position when comparing several aligned polypeptide sequences, may be translated as follows. The way along which a given amino acid, A, is replaced--in average--by another amino acid, B, is characterized by a coefficient linked with the pair A-B. Thus, one given amino acid is given a "set" of 19 coefficients, and the 20 different such sets may be analyzed. This method applies to the analysis of the diversity, among different sequences VH and VL of the variable regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains and light chains. From an observation of the alterations of those different sets, according to the sample of positions from which they were derived, it is possible to reach to the following conclusions. A) In the first approximation, all the amino acids present the same behaviour, whichever the sample. The frequency of replacement of an amino acid, A, by another amino acid B, is mainly a function of the proportion of B in the sample. B) In the second approximation, a more elaborate scheme of replacement is apparent, and is linked with an equivalent scheme in the genetic code; it is shown that hypervariable positions as well as random positions in VH and VL obey to this scheme. C) In the third approximation, a complementary structure is observed, which only pertains to the sample of hypervariable positions, and which might constitute a peculiar aspect of a selective process: this complementary structure is quite diverging from the genetic code. This analysis brings a strong argument against somatic theories, for the generation of diversity. PMID- 6784662 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis: phenotypic variation in a single family. AB - Infantile, juvenile, and adult forms of GM1 gangliosidosis have been well characterized. Certain genetic and biochemical studies have suggested that the phenotypic variation found in GM1 gangliosidosis results from different allelic mutations affecting the GM1 ganglioside beta-galactosidase locus and that different combinations of these mutations accounts for the clinical heterogeneity of this illness. A family in which both the infantile and juvenile forms of GM1 gangliosidosis occurred, the children sharing a common mutation of their acid beta-galactosidase activity, supports the allelic nature of these different clinical forms of the disease. From the observations made in this unique family, additional phenotypes of GM1 gangliosidosis might be anticipated. PMID- 6784661 TI - [Adoptive transfer of immunity against Treponema of Fribourg-Blanc (TFB) in the hamster: role of T lymphocytes (author's transl)]. AB - This adoptive transfer was studied in an inbred strain of syrian hamsters. Spleen and lymph node lymphocytes, from TFB-infected hamsters, were injected to isogeneic recipients. Anti-TFB immunity was studied in the recipients either by looking for the apparition of cutaneous lesions after superinfection by TFB, or by counting of Listeria monocytogenes remaining in the liver and in the spleen 48 h after a mixture of TFB and L. monocytogenes had been inoculated. The first method indicated that a complete inhibition of cutaneous lesions was obtained only with hyperimmunized donors. Our results also indicate that anti-TFB immunity was not medicated by B lymphocytes but by sensitized T lymphocytes. PMID- 6784663 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis: enzymatic variation in a single family. AB - Acid beta-galactosidase activity can be separated into multiple molecular forms by isoelectric focusing on cellulose acetate membranes. The residual acid beta galactosidase in the juvenile form of GM1 gangliosidosis has three bands of enzyme activity with an apparent isoelectric pH (pI) range from 4.9 to 5.2, whereas that in the infantile form has a single band with an apparent pI of 5.2. Separation of residual acid beta-galactosidase into multiple molecular forms by analytical isoelectric focusing demonstrates enzymatic differences that can be correlated with the allelic mutations that affect the GM1 ganglioside beta galactosidase locus. PMID- 6784664 TI - Focal hyperemia followed by spreading oligemia and impaired activation of rCBF in classic migraine. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in 254 areas of a hemisphere with the xenon 133 intraarterial injection method. Six cases of classic migraine were followed from the normal state into the prodromal phase, and in 3 cases further into the headache phase. One patient with common migraine was similarly followed during his only classic attack. The attacks were initiated by focal hyperemia in 3 patients. During prodromes all patients displayed occipitoparietal rCBF reduction (oligemia), but in only 1 case did the reduction approach critical values. Oligemia gradually spread anteriorly in the course of 15 to 45 minutes. In 4 patients a global oligemia was observed. In 4 patients severe headache was present concomitantly with oligemia and with no sign of hyperemia or nonhomogeneous brain perfusion. The normal rCBF increase during cortical activity (hand movement, speech, and similar activities) was impaired in 6 patients. The results indicate that the vasospastic model of the migraine attack is too simplistic. PMID- 6784665 TI - Ectopic impulse generation in demyelinated axons: effects of PaCO2, pH, and disodium edetate. AB - Demyelinating lesions in the trigeminal root were produced by chronic implantation of chromic suture in 12 cats. Two types of abnormal repetitive action potential generation were recorded from demyelinated fibers: reflected spikes and afterdischarge. Both types of abnormal impulse generation were increased by hypocalcemia induced by disodium edetate infusion, hypocapnia produced by hyperventilation, and, to a lesser extent, alkalosis secondary to sodium bicarbonate administration. This hyperexcitability of fibers could be inhibited by hypoventilation with elevation of PaCO2 or by calcium chloride administration. These results may help explain the pathophysiological basis of paroxysmal symptoms in multiple sclerosis and other disorders in which demyelination is a prominent feature. PMID- 6784666 TI - Immunoregulation. AB - The immune system of higher vertebrates is a complex network of separate, interacting cell populations, each ontogenetically endowed with specific regulatory (inductive or suppressive) or effector functions. The products of at least two major gene clusters-the immunoglobulin structural genes and the genes of the major histocompatibility complex-are expressed as active and passive recognition structures on cells of the immune system and at least some of their secreted products. Macrophages play a critical role in the initiation of immune responses. Regulatory subsets of thymus-derived lymphocytes interact with macrophages and with each other in the control of immune effector cells. At every level of the immune response, cell interactions require that these regulatory cells recognize gene products of the major histocompatibility complex. Due to recent technical advances, rapid progress is being made in identifying subsets of human immunoregulatory cells; those identified to date show strong functional homology to previously well characterized murine cell subsets. PMID- 6784667 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in the management of the cancer patient. PMID- 6784668 TI - Chemical headaches. PMID- 6784669 TI - In situ and laboratory studies of bacterial survival using a microporous membrane sandwich. AB - A new device and procedure for the study of bacterial survival in an aquatic environment are described. The device uses two appressed presterilized microporous membranes to expose a bacterial cell suspension to the environment at a cell concentration that closely resembles those levels found in natural aquatic ecosystems. The device has been used under laboratory controlled conditions and in situ to study and compare bacterial survival times. In laboratory studies, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis survived the longest at 12 degrees C, pH 5, and in the presence of iron or calcium ions and cysteine. Cells in mid stationary growth phase survived longer than those in mid- or late-logarithmic phase, whereas those maintained for a year or more as stock cultures survived for shorter period of time than did recent environmental isolates. In situ studies indicate that 5% of the starting number of E. coli and S. faecalis cells may survive longer than 96 h at 16 degrees C in potable lake water, whereas survival times in polluted lake water were approximately 12 h. PMID- 6784670 TI - Clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that degrades salicylate by the ortho pathway. AB - A clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found capable of utilizing salicylate by the salicylate hydroxylase and beta-ketoadipate pathway. PMID- 6784671 TI - Effects of the herbicide paraquat dichloride on bacteria of human origin. AB - We have found the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of paraquat for bacteria of human origin are above levels likely to be often encountered environmentally. PMID- 6784672 TI - Induction, isolation, and characterization of aspergillus niger mutant strains producing elevated levels of beta-galactosidase. AB - An Aspergillus niger mutant strain, VTT-D-80144, with an improvement of three- to fourfold in the production of extracellular beta-galactosidase was isolated after mutagenesis. The production of beta-galactosidase by this mutant was unaffected by fermentor size, and the enzyme was also suitable for immobilization. PMID- 6784673 TI - Effects of activated carbon and bacteriostatic filters on microbiological quality of drinking water. AB - Three activated carbon filters for point-of-use water treatment were tested in laboratory and field studies for chemical removal and microbiological effects on water. All removed free available chlorine in municipally treated water to below the limit of detection, but removed only about 50 to 70% of the total available chlorine and 4 to 33% of the total organic carbon. Standard plate count bacteria in the effluent increased steadily with time for 3 weeks and remained elevated over the 8-week period of the study. Total coliform bacteria were found to persist and proliferate on the filters for several days after transient contamination of the influent water. Silver-containing activated carbon filters suppressed total coliform but not total bacterial growth. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from the effluents of all filters at some time during the tests. PMID- 6784674 TI - Use of aflatoxin-producing ability medium to distinguish aflatoxin-producing strains of Aspergillus flavus. AB - Aflatoxin-producing ability medium was tested for its ability to distinguish aflatoxin-positive from aflatoxin-negative strains of Aspergillus flavus in naturally occurring populations from corn at harvest. All of the aflatoxin positive strains and some of the aflatoxin-negative strains produced aflatoxins when cultured on cracked corn. Although the data indicate that aflatoxin producing ability medium is not entirely reliable in distinguishing potential aflatoxin-producing strains of A. flavus from nontoxigenic strains, it is significant that the medium did not yield false-positives. PMID- 6784675 TI - Gentamicin-thallous-carbonate medium for isolation of fecal streptococci from foods. AB - Gentamicin-thallous-carbonate (GTC) agar was formulated by Donnelly and Hartman (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:576-581, 1978) to select for fecal streptococci in sewage and water samples. The present study was conducted to determine the usefulness of GTC agar for the enumeration of fecal streptococci in foods. Comparisons were made with KF streptococcal (KF), Pfizer selective enterococcus (PSE), and thallous acetate (TA) agars. Samples of ground beef pork sausage, frozen broccoli, frozen fish, and ice cream were examined. Presumptive streptococcal counts obtained on GTC agar were significantly higher than those obtained on KF and PSE agars and were comparable to those obtained on TA agar. GTC was more sensitive than KF or PSE agars primarily because of the recovery of greater numbers of Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus equinus strains. Percentages of confirmed fecal streptococci obtained on GTC, KF, PSE, and TA agars were 70, 95, 80, and 74, respectively. Differences between these percentages were not statistically significant, but they indicated that selectivity of GTC agar could be improved. Advantages of using GTC agar to isolate fecal streptococci from foods include a short incubation time (16 to 18 h) and large, distinct colonies that facilitate rapid enumeration and subsequent confirmation. PMID- 6784676 TI - Microbial transformations of 7,2-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - Microbial transformations of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, in cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Penicillium notatum were studied by high performance liquid chromatographic separation of metabolic fractions followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of the metabolites. Two methyl-hydroxylated metabolites were identified in each of the incubations. The metabolic activation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon suggests a possible involvement of microorganisms in environmental carcinogenesis. PMID- 6784677 TI - Biphasic resin system for growing concentrated cultures of microorganisms and its application to the cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A technique is described in which a polyester casting resin is used instead of agar for the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a biphasic system. In complex medium, higher concentrations and stability of T1 colony type were obtained with resin than with either agar or broth alone after 24 h of incubation. In defined medium, the growth of gonococci and colony type stability were similar in single phase and resin systems and superior to the growth and stability occurring in the biphasic agar system. PMID- 6784678 TI - Isolation and characterization of the cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases of maize. PMID- 6784679 TI - Proteoglycan aggregate synthesis in normal and chronically hydrocortisone suppressed rabbit articular cartilage. PMID- 6784680 TI - The fluorescein-mediated interaction of bovine serum albumin with fluorescent derivatives of prolactin and other polypeptides in polarization of fluorescence based assays. PMID- 6784681 TI - Replacement of ethanolamine phosphate by 3-aminopropylphosphonate in the phospholipids of Tetrahymena. PMID- 6784682 TI - Isolation and characterization of the hatching enzyme from the amphibian, Xenopus laevis. PMID- 6784683 TI - Relationship of gold and penicillamine therapy to diffuse interstitial lung disease. AB - Seven cases of diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) are reported with an unequivocal temporal relationship between the development of the lung disease and treatment with gold (6 cases) and penicillamine (1 case). They were characterised clinically by the sudden onset of dyspnoea and crepitations and radiologically by diffuse bilateral pulmonary shadowing. Most showed evidence of hypersensitivity such as eosinophilia, a raised serum IgE level in response to gold, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, or an immediate postinjection reaction. DILD is a serious complication of treatment with gold and penicillamine that is commoner than generally realised. PMID- 6784684 TI - Blood conservation techniques. AB - Increasing numbers of operations requiring cardiopulmonary bypass have been accompanied by greater demands for blood resources. Improved techniques of blood conservation have diminished the average blood requirements per operation and have increased the percent of operations that can be done without homologous blood. The conservation of blood can be planned according to each patient's requirements. The techniques include preoperative blood donation, intraoperative withdrawal of blood, reinfusion of oxygenator blood, autotransfusion of blood after heparin neutralization, autotransfusion after wound closure, and hemodilution. The availability of techniques for filtration, centrifugation, and washing of blood have improved the safety of autotransfusion. The techniques that gives the best cost/benefit ratio appear to be preoperative withdrawal of blood, reinfusion of centrifuged oxygenator contents, and reinfusion of filtered blood from chest drainage. PMID- 6784685 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of metabolites of valproic acid. AB - Eight metabolites of valproic acid (VPA), i.e. 2-en-VPA, 3-hydroxy VPA, 3-keto VPA, 4-en-VPA, 5-hydroxy-VPA, 2-n-propylglutaric acid, 3-en-VPA, and 4-hydroxy VPA, were examined for their effects on the thresholds for the maximal electroconvulsion and the pentetrazole convulsion in mice. All metabolites gave rise to significant threshold elevations but were less potent than VPA itself. Among the metabolites studied, the unsaturated compounds 2-en-VPA and 4-en-VPA were most active showing 50 to 90% of the potency of VPA. Taking the different anticonvulsant potencies of VPA and its metabolites into consideration, VPA seems responsible for more than 80% of the antiepileptic effect during chronic therapy in man. PMID- 6784686 TI - Meningococcal pneumonia. A source of nosocomial infection. AB - Pneumonia apparently resulting from aspiration became clinically apparent in an elderly man two days after admission to a private room on a general medical ward. Pneumonia developed in a patient in an adjacent room three days later. Both patients had group B Neisseria meningitidis isolated from a percutaneous transtracheal aspirate. A prevalence survey failed to identify meningococcal carriers among other ward patients. The index patient required frequent nasotracheal suctioning during the first two hospital days prior to penicillin G potassium therapy. The second patient was simultaneously receiving continuous oxygen therapy administered by nasal cannula. Events suggested that the organism may have been transmitted by direct contact, probably on the hands of hospital personnel. PMID- 6784687 TI - Enterococcal bacteremia without endocarditis. AB - Seventy-four cases of enterococcal bacteremia without endocarditis were reviewed retrospectively for the years 1963 through 1977. Thirty-nine patients had hospital-acquired infection, 27 had serious underlying disease, and 18 had polymicrobial bacteremia. The organisms isolated from the primary source of infection were similar in patients with pure enterococcal or polymicrobial bacteremia. The most common source was the urinary tract, followed by the abdomen, infected burns, and soft-tissue infections other than burns. The overall mortality was 34%, with significantly higher mortality in immunocompromised patients, including those with infected burn wounds. Mortality also was higher in patients with hospital-acquired infection. Eleven of the 25 deaths were considered directly related to enterococcal septicemia. PMID- 6784689 TI - Some ultrastructural aspects of Bufo bufo hepatic cells during development and metamorphosis. PMID- 6784690 TI - [The Research Foundation of Human Ecology and the preschool Colombian child]. PMID- 6784688 TI - Meningococcemia caused by serogroup W135. Association with hypogammaglobulinemia. AB - Meningococcemia caused by serogroup W135 occurred in four patients during a period of nine months. Three of the patients had hypogammaglobulinemia with normal hemolytic complement levels; the fourth had normal immunoglobulin levels one year after her illness. None of the patients had classic meningitis. One patient had pneumonia; one appeared to have encephalitis with mild meningismus; and two had sepsis without localizing signs or symptoms. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia are predisposed to the development of meningococcemia, and the incidence of W135 carriage in the population is increasing. PMID- 6784691 TI - [The rights of children: framework for priority interventions in health]. PMID- 6784692 TI - [Breast feeding in different income classes in the Municipality of Sao Paulo]. PMID- 6784693 TI - [A nutrition rehabilitation unit for the treatment of severe infant malnutrition]. PMID- 6784694 TI - [Acid maltase deficiency myopathy infantile and adult forms (author's transl)]. PMID- 6784696 TI - [Selection of laboratory rats for fertility components in synchronized estrus using Suisynchron-Praemix. 2. Results of litter development]. AB - The following results were obtained from experimental studies into selection of laboratory rats for fertility and random mating with oestrus being synchronised by means of Suisynchron-Pramix, through eight generations: --Success of selection without synchronised oestrus was higher than that with synchronised oestrus by selection according to the basic index and with one and the same selection intensity. --Litter size and weight were higher in the selected variants, as a result of increased potential fertility (rate of ovulation). --In the population with selection and synchronised oestrus a negative relationship was found to exist between the directly correlated selection results regarding fertility parameters, on the one hand, and the effect of synchronisation, on the other. - Both the rates of ovulation and litter parameters were lower in the population with selection and synchronised oestrus, as a result of synchronisation. --The effect of synchronised oestrus on the population with selection and synchronised oestrus was partially eliminated owing to selection for fertility. PMID- 6784695 TI - [Selection of laboratory rats for fertility components in synchronized estrus using Suisychron-Praemix. 1. Effects of selection and synchronization]. AB - The following results were obtained from experimental studies into effects of selection for fertility and into synchronised oestrus though eight generations of laboratory rats: -- The result of selection recordable from the population with selection only was better than that recorded from the population with selection and synchronised oestrus. This has been attributed to higher correlation between phenotype and genotype in the selection variant. -- Direct negative impact of synchronised oestrus on selection index was recorded from a population with random mating. -- The effects of synchronised oestrus regarding selection success were offset but not entirely ruled out by selection. -- Through the generations of both populations with synchronised oestrus the effects of synchronisation were lowered due to both physiological adaptation to Suisynchron application and contraselection with regard to suitability for synchronisation. PMID- 6784697 TI - [Orientation studies of ovulation release in mice to test gonadotropic preparations. 2. FSH, PMSG and Gn-RH activity]. AB - The doses of FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), PMSG (pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin), and gn-RH (gonadotrophin-releasing hormone) effective in terms of triggering ovulation were determined in a mouse ovulation test. Varying doses of the above preparations were subcutaneously injected, 48 hours after overstimulation by injection of 0.5 or 1.0 IU of PMSG. The animals were sacrificed for examination, after another 18-20 hours had passed. Roughly 50 per cent of all animals treated (threshold) in one and the same dosage group (n = 5) had ovulated in response to 0.02-0.1 IU of FSH per animal. The following FSH and PMSG dosages are recommended: 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.1 IU of FSH, 0.6, 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, 2.6, 3.0 IU of PMSG. When mouse ovulation tests were used in orientation studies, ovulation was regularly induced by Gn-RH doses per animal between 0.01 and 1.0 micrograms. Dosage spacings or increments should be specified with higher accuracy by further studies. PMID- 6784698 TI - [Quantitative study of the faecal flora of breast- or bottle-fed neonates (author's transl)]. AB - A blind qualitative and quantitative study of the aerobic and anaerobic faecal flora of two groups of newborn babies was carried out. One group of babies was breast-fed, while the second group was bottle-fed. In both cases the first established bacterial flora was essentially made of Escherichia coli and group D Streptococci (S. faecalis or S. bovis). On the sixth day of life a difference between he bacterial flora of the two groups was noticed, Bifidobacterium spp. was more frequently observed in the breast-fed babies. However the number of Bifidobacterium was lower than the dominant flora. PMID- 6784699 TI - Polymerised autologous tumor tissue particles in experimental cancer immunotherapy with special reference to the effects on the immune system of the host. AB - The efficacy of the specific active cancer immunotherapy utilizing autologous tumor tissue particles polymerised with ethylchlorformiate, and used in combination with the PPD tuberculin adjuvant, was studied in the mastocytoma (P 815 X2)-DBA/2 mouse system. Special attention was focused on the effects of the therapy on the immune system of the host as evaluated on the basis of the spleen white pulp morphology. The signs of tumor rejection by the host (tumor surrounding fibrous scar, lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrations, and disappearance of the tumor tissue) were most marked in mice receiving the specific immunotherapy. The specific cancer immunotherapy instituted was capable of reverting to a considerable degree the profound depletion of the T- and B lymphocyte populations found in the spleen white pulp of mice not receiving any therapy for their tumor. Conclusion was drawn that the favorable influence on the tumor rejection exerted by the specific immunotherapy tested, most probably is attributable to its stimulatory effects on the cells responsible for both the cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions, the appropriate co-operation of both of which is needed to ensure the most effective host response against the tumor cells. PMID- 6784700 TI - Detection of type D retrovirus in a human amnion cell line (FL). AB - This paper describes the detection of viral particles in a human amnion cell line (FL). These particles belong to the group of type D retroviruses, because of their characteristic morphology, their major antigenic determinants, and the presence of particle-associated Mg++-preferring RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In addition to budding and mature type D virus particles, intracytoplasmic type A structures have also been found. Immunological analysis provided evidence of cross-reactivity between the particles described and the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus as well as type D retroviruses from other human cell lines (PMF, HEp-2). Particles isolated from FL cell medium were shown to infect type D virus susceptible human TU 197 cells. PMID- 6784701 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma: immunohistologic evidence for an endothelial origin. AB - Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR-Ag), a marker for endothelial cells, was used to explore the histogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. Formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded routine histologic sections from 37 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma and from 16 other spindle-cell tumors of the skin were stained for the presence of VIIIR Ag, using an immunoperoxidase technique. Positive reactions were noted in all cases of Kaposi's sarcoma regardless of their histologic variations. Although the intensity of reaction was greater in cells that lined vascular channels and blood filled clefts, many intertwining spindle cells contained VIIIR-Ag in their cytoplasm as well. Since VIIIR-Ag is elaborated only by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, positive immunologic reaction for this factor in the cells of Kaposi's sarcoma strongly supports an endothelial derivation. PMID- 6784702 TI - [Pseudospontaneous movements in patients with petit-mal seizures (author's transl)]. AB - The videotape analysis showed in 26 patients (42% of the investigated patients) ictal motor phenomena which, in the routine clinical examination, could be easily misinterpreted as voluntary spontaneous movements of nervous tics. Such pseudospontaneous movements are differentiated according to the composition of the fundamental movement program into elementary, complex, and scenic seizure phenomena. Moreover, the videotape analysis reveals that pseudospontaneous movements occur in the same patient during petit mal seizures with characteristic EEG changes, as well as during intervals without recognizable EEG changes. It is therefore assumed that small "masked" motor seizures occur more often than conventional EEG methods would suggest. Minimal pseudospontaneous movements are integrated so well into the course of voluntary motor behavior that they are often only detected by a subtle investigate technique (SDA) as an indication of an organic-functional brain disturbance. The occurrence of some pseudospontaneous movements during petit mal seizures appears to be caused by paroxysmal participation of extrapyramidal systems. PMID- 6784703 TI - Phage and serologic typing of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in animals. PMID- 6784705 TI - The ordering of blood for elective general surgical operations. AB - The current practice in ordering blood for common elective general surgical operations in the Prince of Wales Hospital has been studied. The numbers of patients having serum grouped and held and those having cross-matched were determined, together with the number of units cross-matched. The percentage of patients transfused and the number of units of blood given were then assessed for each procedure. The results demonstrated that blood was often ordered for patients who were most unlikely to require it. In addition, the amounts of blood ordered were frequently excessive, so that the cross-match-to-transfusion ratio (C/T ratio) for some procedures was high. We suggest that relatively simple changes in the current practice of ordering blood for operations should result in savings in costs, and most importantly, in a reduction in the wastage of blood. PMID- 6784704 TI - The role of carbohydrate in determining the immunochemical properties of the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus. AB - Most of the carbohydrate was removed from influenza virus MRC II (H3N2) and its purified hemagglutinin (HA) on treatment with glycosidases, including alpha mannosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and alpha fucosidase. The release of 50 per cent of the carbohydrate from intact virus particles significantly affected hemagglutinating activity. The ability of untreated and glycosidase-treated virus to inhibit the binding of antibodies directed against the hemagglutinin was almost indistinguishable by competitive radioimmunoassay (RIA). Up to 60 per cent of the carbohydrate from the purified HA of influenza virus could be removed. The antigenicity of glycosidase treated HA molecules decreased 8-fold compared to intact HAs as measured by competitive RIA. In addition, glycosidase digestion of 125I-labeled HA resulted in a decrease in its reactivity in direct RIA. We conclude that the carbohydrate portion of the HA of influenza virus is not of major importance in defining the antigenicity of HA. PMID- 6784706 TI - Parenteral nutrition in infants. PMID- 6784707 TI - Evaluation of percutaneously inserted peripheral silicone catheters for parenteral nutrition in infants and children. PMID- 6784710 TI - [Morphology of chemoreceptive sinus nerve regenerates]. PMID- 6784709 TI - Light-dependent pupation site preferences in Drosophila: behavior of adult visual mutants. PMID- 6784708 TI - Possible teratogenic effects of gold. PMID- 6784711 TI - Analyses of genetic variants of L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A protein spot corresponding to L-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH, E.C. 1.1.1.8, NAD+ oxidoreductase) has been identified on a two-dimensional gel (isoelectric focusing-SDS gel) containing up to 150 stained protein spots from a crude Drosophila homogenate. Preliminary identification of the alpha-GPDH in crude fly homogenates prior to electrophoresis and observing an intensity enhancement of the corresponding protein spot on the gels. When three purified electrophoretic variants (slow, fast, and ultrafast) were mixed and analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, horizontal displacements of the three protein spots were observed. Immunoprecipitation of the enzyme prior to electrophoresis and gene mapping further confirmed the identity of the alpha GPDH protein spot. The alpha-GPDH spot can also be detected by autoradiography of a two-dimensional gel from a single fly extract, where it has been estimated to constitute 0.5-1% of the total soluble protein. Mutants which express no apparent alpha-GPDH activity were analyzed by two-dimensional gels and immunoelectrophoresis in an attempt to identify and characterize the inactive proteins. It is suggested that these techniques provide a powerful tool, for the analysis of CRM+-null activity mutants of a specific gene-enzyme system. PMID- 6784712 TI - Distribution of CAIII in fetal and adult human tissue. AB - Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII), an enzyme recently shown by conventional electrophoresis to be muscle specific, has been qualified by "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis. This more sensitive technique has shown that the enzyme is virtually specific to skeletal muscle, where it occurs at a level of 5 mg per g, with trace levels in smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and lung. In man there does not appear to be any correlation between CAIII levels and the proportion of red and white muscle fibers. The fetal development of CAIII has also been examined using immunoelectrophoresis, and the enzyme can be detected at 11 weeks' gestation. The CAIII level rises gradually up to 25 weeks, and there is then a more dramatic increase to reach approximately half adult level at birth. PMID- 6784713 TI - Analysis of disproportionate replication of ribosomal DNA in Drosophila melanogaster by a microhybridization method. AB - A microhybridization technique is described which requires only 1% of the starting material normally needed for filter-bound methods. Employing this technique, we have investigated the disproportionate replication (compensation) of ribosomal DNA in larval and adult stages of two strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Both stages of the Oregon R strain demonstrate XO compensation while neither stage of Canton S shows a significant elevation of ribosomal DNA content in XOs. It is demonstrated that the lack of disproportionate replication in the latter strain does not result from the absence of the genetic site cr+ which normally controls this process. PMID- 6784714 TI - Maintenance mechanism of polymorphism at the alpha-Gpdh locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Polymorphism at the alpha-Gpdh locus was studied in Drosophila melanogaster. Using two different lines, one marked by the F allele (FF line) another by the S allele (SS line), four populations were initiated, two in which the initial frequency of F was 0.1 and two in which it was 0.9. They have been observed for 34 generations. From the fifth generation on, the equilibrium frequency in the four cages was about 0.60. Viability has been measured during the evolution of te populations while F frequencies changed and recombinations between the FF and SS lines occurred. It has been evaluated in synthetic populations built with different frequencies: (1) from the original FF and SS lines and (2) from FF and SS lines extracted after 34 generations of joint evolution. In all three cases, the FF viability depended on the frequency of the F allele. The similarity of the three linear regressions implies that alpha-Gpdh locus or other closely linked loci is the target of the selection in the populations analyzed here. PMID- 6784715 TI - Genetics of male-specific glucose oxidase and the identification of other unusual hexose enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A glucose oxidase (GO) has been identified in the ejaculatory duct of male Drosophila melanogaster. Evidence is given that this enzyme was previously misidentified as HEX-1. Genetic analysis indicates that the Go structural gene is located on the third chromosome at 48 + or - 0.5 cm. Go is polymorphic in males in populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans located in Athens, Georgia. Two other hexose enzymes have also been tentatively identified for the first time in Drosophila. These are NAD(P)-glucose dehydrogenase (GODH) and NAD-gluconate dehydrogenase (GNDH). GODH and GNDH are found in both males and females and may circumvent the initial steps in the pentose shunt. PMID- 6784716 TI - Genetics of insect hemolymph beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. AB - The distribution of insect hemolymph beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was investigated in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. Activity in 115 varieties was 6.92 +/- 3.22 units/ml, ranging from 1.4 to 17.0 units/ml. No enzyme-deficient individuals were observed. By selecting individuals showing either high or low enzyme activities, homozygotes were separated with activities varying 10-fold between isolates. No differences in activity of alpha-mannosidase and beta-galactosidase were observed. Thus, it appears that high- or low-enzyme silkworms (High or Low lines) shared the same genetic background except for the gene concerning the activity of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Studies on the heredity of the enzyme indicated that the synthesis of the enzyme protein was controlled by an autosomal allele. Examination by immunotitration and CM52-cellulose column chromatography revealed that the difference in activity between High and Low lines was due to the amount of the active enzyme, but not to an endogeneous activator or inhibitor. Furthermore, there was no isozymic difference in beta-N acetylglucosaminidase. Slab gel electrophoresis on polyacrylamide showed a species of enzyme (A) that stained more intensely in the High line. For the second species of enzyme (B), the converse was true. This evidence suggests that enzyme levels in hemolymph are under the control of a gene affording association of enzyme subunits to the active enzyme molecule. PMID- 6784717 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Drosophila melanogaster adults: isolation and partial characterization. AB - In preparation for the isolation and biochemical characterization of putative RNA polymerase mutants, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of Drosophila melanogaster adults were isolated and partially characterized. Approximately 70% of the female adult RNA polymerase is located in ovaries. Multiple forms of ovarian RNA polymerases I and II are separable by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The two forms of RNA polymerase II differ in ammonium sulfate optima. RNA polymerase IIA is more active with double-stranded DNA as template, whereas RNA polymerase IIB transcribes single-stranded DNA most efficiently. Rechromatography of RNA polymerase IIA on DEAE-Sephadex results in the loss of ability of this form to transcribed double-stranded DNA most efficiently. Ovariectomized carcasses have two forms of RNA polymerase I and one form of RNA polymerase II and each transcribes single-stranded DNA most efficiently. As judged by gel filtration chromatography, female adult extracts have forms of RNA polymerase II that differ in molecular weight and template preference. PMID- 6784718 TI - A method for assaying DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II in crude extracts of Drosophila melanogaster adults: its use in identifying mutants with an altered RNA polymerase II. AB - A method for assaying Drosophila melanogaster adult DNa-dependent RNA polymerase II in crude extracts from as a few as two females or three males is described. Preparation of the extracts involves incubating homogenates at 25 C for 60 min and subsequent treatment with Macaloid. Eighty-five percent of the activity in the extracts is inhibited by 1 microgram/ml alpha-amanitin and this fraction is attributed to RNA polymerase II. RNA polymerase II activity in the extracts shows a good dose dependence and a partial dependence on added DNA, Mn2+, and all four ribonucleoside triphosphates. The kinetics of heat inactivation of RNA polymerase II in crude extracts could be reproducibly measured. Flies of different genotypes had different initial rates of RNA polymerase II heat inactivation. The isolation of Drosophila melanogaster alpha-amanitin-resistant mutants is also reported. Using the assay described in this paper, it appears that the basis for the resistance is an altered RNA polymerase II. The mutation has been mapped to the third chromosome by chromosome replacement. PMID- 6784719 TI - Differential characterization of two leucine aminopeptidases in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two leucine aminopeptidases from Drosophila melanogaster larvae have been partially purified. The LAP A and D enzymes have similar biochemical characteristics including molecular weights of approximately equal to 280,000 daltons. Michaelis-Menten constants of approximately equal to 0.05 mM, associations with metal cofactors, and specificities toward natural and chromogenic substrates. They differ in their pH optima and spatial distributions. If the closely linked genes that code for these enzymes have resulted from a tandem gene duplication event, it is suggested that there has been subsequent evolutionary divergence. This would provide Drosophila larvae with two related, but functionally distinct enzymes. PMID- 6784720 TI - Comparative studies of allozyme loci in Drosophila simulans and Drosophila melanogaster. I. Three dipeptidase loci. AB - Genetic variation at three dipeptidase loci (Dip-A, Dip-B, and Dip-C) in Drosophila simulans was analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. Dip-A was found to be polymorphic in four populations, while Dip-B and Dip-C were found to be polymorphic in one. The numbers of different alleles found at each respective locus were: Dip-A, two; Dip-B, two; and Dip-C, three. Dip-A was genetically mapped at 57.9 on the second chromosome, and Dip-B and Dip-C at 80.9 and 87.9 on the third chromosome, respectively. Neither Dip-B nor Dip-C has been mapped in D. melanogaster because both loci are apparently monomorphic. Their map positions in D. simulans with respect to flanking markers whose homologous genes have been cytogenetically localized in D. melanogaster suggested that they might be mapped cytogenetically by using available deficiencies in D. melanogaster. Accordingly, by the construction of interspecific hybrids which carried deficiencies of melanogaster and an allele of simulans with a mobility different from that of the fixed melanogaster allele, Dip-B and Dip-C were localized between 87 F12-14 and 88 C1-3 and between 87 B5-6 and 87 B8-10, respectively, in the salivary gland chromosomes of D. melanogaster. The similarity between these two species is discussed on the basis of these findings. PMID- 6784721 TI - Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, chondroitin sulfate type: a possible defect of PAPS -chondroitin sulfate sulfotransferase in humans. PMID- 6784722 TI - Gamma-crystallin, a major cytoplasmic polypeptide disulfide linked to membrane proteins in human cataract. PMID- 6784723 TI - Studies on bicuculline binding sites on neuronal membrane using fluorescent antibody technique: comparative binding of GABA and bicuculline. PMID- 6784724 TI - Influence of novobiocin on the induction kinetics of beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6784727 TI - Evidence for a single catalytic and two binding sites in the almond emulsin beta D-glucosidase molecule. PMID- 6784725 TI - Reduced lactose operon expression in an E. coli mutant lacking leucyl tRNA:protein transferase. PMID- 6784726 TI - Characterization of two acidic proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosome. PMID- 6784728 TI - Reaction between mammalian amine oxidases and their antibodies. PMID- 6784729 TI - Triiodothyronine induces a transferable factor which suppresses TSH secretion in cultured mouse thyrotropic tumor cells. PMID- 6784730 TI - Factors affecting the initial rate of lipoxygenase catalysis. PMID- 6784731 TI - Action of inhibitors of macromolecule formation on duplication of B. subtilis phage 2C-DNA. PMID- 6784732 TI - Effects of indole and tryptophan on cytochrome P-450, dimethylnitrosamine demethylase, and arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activities. PMID- 6784733 TI - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (alpha DFMO) and phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride in the treatment of chronic non-suppurative prostatitis. AB - In a single-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in 11 patients with chronic non-suppurative, culture-negative prostatitis, alpha difluoromethylornithine (alpha DFMO) (18 g/day) was administered orally for 1 month. Ten patients completed the study. In part II of this investigation, 60 mg/day phenoxybenzaminehydrochloride, an alpha-adrenergic receptor blocking compound (alpha ABC), was studied in 11 patients with chronic non-suppurative prostatitis in an open-phase design. Several patients had a decrease in prostate size and associated pain symptoms with alpha DFMO treatment. One patient with gross hematospermia prior to treatment had a remission on alpha DFMO and a return hematospermia on subsequent placebo treatment. Six subjects with microscopic hematuria post-prostatic palpation had a decrease in RBC counts while on alpha DFMO treatment. There was a 16% fall in hematocrit and hemoglobin following alpha DFMO treatment, which returned to pretreatment values within 2 months after stopping the drug. alphaABC distinctly improved symptoms of chronic prostatitis. Five patients remained disease free for a period of 3-6 months and 10 patients had a decrease of RBC counted in the urine. alpha ABC was accepted by the patients despite the fact of frequent orthostatic dysregulation and aspermia. PMID- 6784734 TI - Pharmacological study of a new anti-inflammatory steroid, tixocortol pivalate (JO 1016). AB - Some pharmacological activities of pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-21-thiol-11 beta,17 alpha-dihydroxy-21-pivalate (tixocortol pivalate, JO 1016 Pivalone), a new steroidal anti-inflammatory compound, are described. The anti-inflammatory activity of tixocortol pivalate has been clearly demonstrated in various tests using adrenalectomised and intact animals. Of particular interest is the dissociation of its local and systemic activities. Comparison with hydrocortisone acetate indicates a similar or greater anti-inflammatory activity, by either the local or topical routes, but tixocortol pivalate is between 60 and 300 times less active than hydrocortisone acetate after oral or subcutaneous administration. Glucocorticoid activity was only detected at very high oral doses of tixocortol pivalate and the highest tested subcutaneous dose (300 mg/kg) failed to induce significant activity. Hydrocortisone acetate exerted glucocorticoid effects at much lower doses. It is possible therefore the local or topical use of tixocortol pivalate in therapy may not cause the unwanted side effects of many of the corticosteroids in current use. PMID- 6784735 TI - A comparison of the effects of tixocortol pivalate (JO 1016), beclomethasone dipropionate and hydrocortisone acetate on the activation of lymphocytes. AB - A comparative study was made of the effects of hydrocortisone acetate, beclomethasone dipropionate and a corticosteroid substitute (pregn-4-ene-3,20 dione-21-thiol-11 beta,17 alpha-dihydroxy-21-pivalate, tixocortol pivalate, JO 1016, Pivalone) on lymphocyte activation. The response measured in vivo was the production of heamagglutinating antibody by mice in response to immunization with sheep erythrocytes. The in vitro response tested was the blastocytic transformation of T cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. All three compounds suppressed T cell activation in vitro. Tixocortol pivalate however, was non-toxic and non-immunosuppressive when administered to mice, in contrast to hydrocortisone acetate and beclomethasone dipropionate, which were toxic and immuno-suppressive at the highest dose levels tested. These results indicated that tixocortol pivalate would, by virtue of its low toxicity and absence of general immunosuppression, have potential advantages over both hydrocortisone acetate and beclomethasone dipropionate in the topical treatment of allergic conditions of mucous membranes. PMID- 6784736 TI - A comparison of the effects of tixocortol pivalate (JO 1016), hydrocortisone acetate and beclomethasone dipropionate on the phagocytosis and lysis of microorganisms by alveolar macrophages. AB - A comparison was made of the ability of guinea pig alveolar macrophages, which had been pretreated with hydrocortisone acetate, beclomethasone dipropionate or a corticosteroid substitute pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione-21-thiol-11 beta,17 alpha dihydroxy-21-pivalate (tixocortol pivalate, JO 1016, Pivalone), to phagocytose and lyse Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans. The three drugs had different patterns of effect on phagocytosis and lysis. Hydrocortisone acetate had little effect on the phagocytosis of Staph. aureus at any dose level tested, but the two higher concentrations slightly inhibited intracellular lysis; phagocytosis of C. albicans was inhibited initially but increased at 5 h. Both beclomethasone dipropionate and tixocortol pivalate caused an initial stimulation of phagocytosis and lysis of Staph. aureus. Ingestion of C. albicans was increased in macrophages pretreated with beclomethasone dipropionate, but their fungicidal activity was unchanged. Pretreatment with tixocortol pivalate stimulated the initial phagocytosis of C. albicans but continued uptake on prolonged incubation was inhibited. Lysis of the ingested organisms was not markedly affected. Since the production of any effect on the phagocytic and lytic activity of alveolar macrophages required much higher levels of tixocortol pivalate than of either of the other two drugs, it is suggested that in clinical use correspondingly higher doses of tixocortol pivalate could be given without danger of affecting either phagocytic activity or the immune response. PMID- 6784737 TI - [Neutralizing capacity, pepsin inactivation and binding to bile acids and lysolecithin of the antacid magaldrate (author's transl)]. AB - The neutralizing capacity of pentaaluminum-decamagnesiumhentriacontahydroxide bis(sulfate)-hydrate (magaldrate, Riopan), a stable Al-Mg-hydroxide mono substance, determined by a modification of the method described in literature, surpasses the efficacy index (mval divided by g) of various commercial antacids. These results coincide with the findings of other workers. The intragastric pH is rapidly and consistently raised to a value between 3 and 5 which is not exceeded (no acid rebound). Due to this fact, pepsin is inactivated and finally adsorbed by magaldrate. Moreover, magaldrate binds a considerable amount of substances contained in duodeno-gastric reflux, such as bile acids and lysolecithin (aggressors in case of gastritis, peptic ulcer, stress ulcer, peptic esophagitis). PMID- 6784738 TI - Cross-species correspondence of spatial contrast sensitivity functions. AB - Spatial contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs) have been obtained for at least 9 species, including man. In the present paper, the shapes and octave band widths of these functions are compared. For most species, the shape of the CSF was an inverted-U, and the full width at half amplitude of the CSFs varied less than one octave. These similarities suggest that there is a close correspondence of the CSFs of these diverse animals; the major difference is the location of each CSF in the spatial frequency domain. PMID- 6784739 TI - Comparison of respiratory characteristics during enflurane and halothane anaesthesia. AB - The effects of enflurane on certain respiratory characteristics were compared with those of halothane in 70 patients during anaesthesia with spontaneous breathing using a specially designed circuit. The rate of respiration with enflurane (mean 22 b.p.m.) was slower than with halothane (mean 31 b.p.m.; P less than 0.001) and the tidal volume greater (enflurane mean 240 ml, halothane 180 ml; P less than 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the minute volume of ventilation or end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration between the two agents. The effects of a narcotic premedication were observed in 16 patients in the study. The main effect was to produce slowing of respiratory rate (enflurane mean 16 b.p.m.; halothane 18 b.p.m.). The value of the respiratory pattern compared with the measurement of heart rate and arterial pressure as a clinical guide during anaesthesia is discussed. PMID- 6784740 TI - 4-Aminopyridine reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression in normocapnic and hypercapnic patients. AB - Profound postoperative respiratory depression after larger doses of fentanyl was partially reversed by 4-aminopyridine. This reversal was independent of FIO2' suggesting that the response was not dependent upon peripheral chemoreceptor mediated drive. Similar reversal of fentanyl-induced depression by 4 aminopyridine was observed before surgery in patients breathing 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. 4-Aminopyridine had no effect on breathing when given alone in the absence of fentanyl to patients breathing 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen before surgery. PMID- 6784741 TI - Comparison of the respiratory effects of ICI 35 868 and thiopentone in the rabbit. AB - The effects of thiopentone and ICI 35 868 on minute volume, respiratory frequency, tidal volume and arterialized venous PCO2, pH and standard bicarbonate have been compared in the rabbit. ICI 35 868 has two to three times the potency of thiopentone, but equivalent anaesthetic doses cause similar decreases in minute volume. ICI 35 868 decreased tidal volume to a greater extent than thiopentone. Whilst the time courses of the two drugs were similar in most respects, thiopentone produced a more prolonged increase in PCO2. This was accompanied by an increase in standard bicarbonate which was not seen in rabbits treated with ICI 35 868. PMID- 6784742 TI - The effect of 125I-5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine labelling on murine tumour cells. AB - Labelling with 125IUdR at radioactivity concentrations commonly employed in studied with i.v. injected tumour cells (1.0-0.1 microCi/ml) was shown to reduce considerably the in vitro reproductive viability of mastocytoma tumour cells. Velocity sedimentation cell separation studies on mastocytoma cells that had been labelled for 12 h with 0.8 microCi/ml 125IUdR yielded a population that varied markedly between fraction with respect to distribution of label and, in parallel, with respect to induced loss of reproductive viability. A similar population of mastocytoma cells that had been labelled for 36 h with 0.01 microCi/ml 125IUdR yielded fractions where distribution of label was not associated with reduced reproductive viability. Although in vivo survival (as distinct from reproductive viability) of tumour cells injected i.v. and i.p. was not significantly altered within 7 h and 30 h respectively by the commonly used concentrations of 125IUdR, it is suggested that in studies of the fate of injected tumour cells exponentially growing cells be labelled with 125IUdR for intervals well in excess of population doubling times at concentrations less than or equal to 0.025 microCi/ml. PMID- 6784743 TI - The contribution of hydrogen peroxide resistance to virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the first six days after intravenous infection of normal and BCG-vaccinated guinea-pigs. AB - The course of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains H37Rv, H37Ra and their isoniazid-resistant, hydrogen peroxide-susceptible mutants in guinea-pig spleen and lung were assessed by measuring changes in number of viable bacteria during the first and second 3-day intervals after i.v. infection of normal and BCG-vaccinated animals. Vaccination had no effect on bacterial survival in the first 3 days of infection. The peroxide-susceptible mutants were killed or inhibited more than their parent strains; in normal animals this enhanced susceptibility was expressed equally during the first and second 3-day intervals while in vaccinated animals the effect was greater in the second 3-day interval. The results suggest that hydrogen peroxide is generated in significant amounts in the environment of tubercle bacilli lodged in normal tissues and in enhanced amounts when acquired immunity becomes expressed after a few days' lodgement in the tissues of vaccinated animals. Thus hydrogen peroxide resistance may contribute to virulence by protecting against both normal resident and immunologically activated macrophages. PMID- 6784744 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the liver in experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Factor VIII, a blood-clotting derivative prepared from pooled human plasma, previously shown to cause a short-incubation-period non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients and in chimpanzees, was studied further to establish the nature of the pathological lesions associated with this infection. Percutaneous liver biopsy specimens were examined in detail. Cytoplasmic changes in the hepatocytes were observed on the 7th day after inoculation in one instance and after 13 days in the second, and persisted in the biopsy specimens for 13 weeks after infection. Abnormalities in hepatocyte nuclei, including aggregates of irregularly shaped particles 15-20 nm in size, were observed about 1 week after the onset of the cytoplasmic changes. The ultrastructural changes are described and their nature and significance discussed. Attention is drawn to somewhat similar cytoplasmic and nuclear changes occurring in other disease entities. PMID- 6784745 TI - Hormonal profiles in postmenopausal women after therapy with subcutaneous implants. AB - Plasma hormones were estimated in 24 postmenopausal patients who had been castrated. Each was given a sub-cutaneous implant of either 100 mg or 50 mg of oestradiol, or 50 mg of oestradiol with 100 mg of testosterone, or 200 mg of testosterone. Plasma hormone estimations were repeated at two weeks, one month and then monthly for up to 12 months. Plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were seen to fall at two weeks after all implants containing oestradiol. Plasma testosterone concentrations rose from a mean concentration of 1.0 nmol/l to 5.0 nmol/l and 6.7 nmol/l after implants of 100 mg and 200 mg of testosterone respectively. Implants containing oestradiol caused the pretreatment ratio of the concentrations of oestrone to oestradiol to change from 2:1 to 1:2. The implant of 100 mg of oestradiol caused the plasma oestradiol concentration to rise to a mean value of 602.3 pmol/l and those of oestrone to rise to 356.7 pmol/l. The more commonly used implants contain 50 mg of oestradiol and these caused the mean concentration of plasma oestradiol to rise to 346.7 pmol/l and oestrone to rise to 233.9 pmol/l. These values compare favourably with those attained after oral oestrogen therapy. PMID- 6784746 TI - A study of gonadotrophin release in a woman with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia. Case report. AB - A patient with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with anosmia is presented. The patient's response to repeated gonadotrophin releasing hormone administration indicated a significant priming effect of such therapy on the anterior pituitary. PMID- 6784747 TI - Bilateral maculopathy simulating 'cherry-red spot' in a patient with Crohn's disease. AB - A 23-year-old man suffering from Crohn's disease developed a bilateral maculopathy simulating 'cherry-red spot' with vision impairment and normal electroretinogram during total parenteral hyperalimentation, when copper and zinc serum levels were considerably decreased. The maculopathy rapidly subsided after cessation of the parenteral hyperalimentation and the addition of cooper and zinc. The cause of this maculopathy may be ocular involvement as part of the systemic disease owing to storage of the supplementary free amines and intravenous lipids, and the deficiency of zinc and copper. PMID- 6784748 TI - An immunological approach to myosin light-chain function in thick filament linked regulation. 1. Characterization, specificity, and cross-reactivity of anti scallop myosin heavy- and light-chain antibodies by competitive, solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - Antibodies specific for the regulatory light-chain (R-LC), "essential" light chain (SH-LC), heavy-chain, and rod fragment of myosin from the striated adductor muscle of scallop (Aequipecten irradians) were prepared and characterized. A competitive, solid-phase radioimmunoassay on microtiter plates, a combination of two systems described earlier by Kuettner et al. [Kuettner, M. G., Wang, A. L., & Nisonoff, A. (1972) U. Exp. Med. 135, 579-595] and Klinman et al. [Klinman, N. R., Pickard, A. R., Sigal N. H., Gearhart, P. J., Metcalf, E. S., & Pierce, S. K. (1976) Ann. Immunol. (Paris) 127C, 489-502], was adapted and used for an immunological survey of different myosins and myosin light chains. Anti-myosin light-chain antibodies were specific for the homologous chain and did not cross react with the heterologous one, i.e., regulatory and essential light chains of scallop myosin could be distinguished immunologically. These antibodies also had a high degree of species specificity. A partial cross-reactivity was obtained only for the light chains of two closely related molluscan species out of the over thirty invertebrate or vertebrates species tested. Two populations of anti SH-LC antibodies were found which differed in their ability to abolish regulation of scallop myofibrils and also in their immunological reactivity with cyanogen bromide fragments of teh SH-LC. A comparison of the cross-reactivity of the intact SH-LC with its CNBr fragments showed that most antigenic sites of the SH LC were available to the antibodies. Free light chains and light chains associated with myosin reacted with antibodies in a very similar manner, indicating that the association of the light chains with myosin may not be accompanied by major conformational changes. Antibodies against scallop myosin heavy chain and rod fragment cross-reacted to a variable extent with all invertebrate myosins but with none of the vertebrates species tested. The antibodies did not cross-react with platelet and Physarum myosins. The heavy and light chains of myosin from scallop striated adductor, mantle, and foot were found toi be immunologically identical, whereas myosin from smooth adductor showed some differences mainly in the heavy-chain portion which forms the subfragment-l region of the myosin molecule. Heavy and light chains of scallop heart muscle myosin differed significantly from those of striated adductor muscle. Cross-reactivity did not depend on the regulatory properties of myosin. PMID- 6784749 TI - Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase: amino acid sequence of a peptide bearing the activator carbon dioxide. AB - Ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase is activated by reaction of an activator CO2 to form a carbamate on the epsilon-amino group of a lysyl residue on the large catalytic subunit. This carbamate has been converted to the methoxycarbonyl derivative by treatment of the enzyme with diazomethane as previously reported [Lorimer, G. H., & Miziorko, H. H. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 5321]. Digestion of the methylated enzyme--14CO2 complex with trypsin yielded several radioactive peptides which were purified by using standard chromatographic procedures. Sequence analyses revealed that these peptides had the same sequence: -Gly-Gly Leu-Asp-Phe5-Thr-Lys-Asp-Asp-Glu10-Asn-Val-Asn-Ser-Gln15-Pro-Phe. Residue 7 was 14C labeled and emerged from the sequencer as the phenylthiohydantoin derivative of N epsilon-(methoxycarbonyl)lysine. The acidic nature of the residues close to the lysine bearing the activator CO2 provides a molecular explanation for the pH and divalent metal ion dependency of the activation reaction. An entirely homologous sequence has been found in the large subunit of the enzyme from Zea mais [McIntosh, L., Poulsen, C., & Bogorad, L. (1980) Nature (London) 288, 556]. The lysyl residue bearing the activator CO2 is 26 residues removed from one of the lysyl residues identified by use of the affinity label N-bromoacetyl ethanolamine phosphate as being within the active-site domain. PMID- 6784750 TI - Identification of a lysine residue at a nucleotide binding site in the firefly luciferase with p-fluorosulfonyl[14C]benzoyl-5'-adenosine. AB - Firefly luciferase is 80-90% inactivated within 3 h upon incubation with the adenine nucleotide analogue p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl-5'-adenosine (FSBA). Although 4 mol of 14C-FSBA/mol of enzyme is irreversibly bound during inactivation, only 1 mol of 14C-FSBA appears to be specifically directed to an adenine nucleotide binding site on the enzyme. The other 3 mol of 14C-FSBA is bound to the protein nonspecifically. The major radioactive peptide in a tryptic digest os labeled luciferase was isolated and shown to have the following amino acid sequence: *Lys Gly-Glx-Asx-Ser-Lys, where *Lys is the radioactive derivative of the lysine residue that was sulfonylated during the inactivation. PMID- 6784751 TI - Purification and characterization of human pancreatic ribonuclease. AB - A ribonuclease (RNase) has been isolated from normal human pancreas obtained upon autopsy. About 5 mg of RNase is normally recovered per kilogram of pancreas, equivalent to ca. 70% of the total activity and a 700-fold purification from the initial acidified extract. The specific activity of the purified enzyme is identical with that of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease, and a single component is found in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Aggregation of the protein is found upon ultracentrifugation under native and denaturing conditions, and several bands of equal specific activity are seen in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the native protein. At least two components are glycoproteins. A molecular weight of 15 000 is estimated from sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, gel filtration, and amino acid and peptide analyses. The enzyme is related to bovine pancreatic RNase, but distinguishable by amino acid analysis, tryptic peptide maps, and low cross-reactivity of antibodies with the heterologous enzymes. The human enzyme is also inactivated by treatment with iodoacetic acid at pH 5.5 and is essentially identical with bovine RNase in its far-ultraviolet circular dichroism spectrum. The human RNase is like bovine pancreatic RNase catalytically; RNA is cleaved at pyrimidine residues, and activity against poly(cytidylic acid) is high. PMID- 6784753 TI - Physical properties of lipid-protein complexes formed by the interaction of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and human high-density apolipoprotein A-II. AB - Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) from human plasma high-density lipoproteins associates with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) to give complexes whose structure is determined by the temperature at which the reaction is conducted. The temperature dependence is related to the gel leads to liquid crystalline transition temperature, Tc, of DMPC which occurs at 23.9 degrees C. At T less than Tc (20 degrees C), T = Tc, and T greater than Tc (30 degrees C), three different complexes can be isolated. At 20 degrees C, at 75:1 (molar ratio of lipid to protein) complex is formed. This complex has a molecular weight (Mt) of 343 000, a Stokes radius, Rs, of 65 A, and a partial specific volume (v) of 0.914 mL/g. At 24 degrees C, two different complexes may be formed. One is similar to the one formed at 20 degrees C and the other is a complex with a DMPC:apoA-II ratio of 241:1; the corresponding physical constants for the latter complex are Mr = 1580 000, Rs = 120 A, and v = 0.948 mL/g. This complex is asymmetric, having a frictional coefficient f/f0 = 1.20. AT 30 degrees C, a 45:1 complex was formed; for this complex, Mr = 229 000, Rs = 57 A, and v = 0.892 mL/g. Electron microscopy reveals that the negatively stained complexes are arranged in rouleaux having subunits with average dimensions of 175 x 60, 250 x 62, and 50 x 55 A for the 45:1, 75:1, and 240:1 complexes, respectively. The multiple lipid-protein species formed by apoA-II and DMPC suggest the possible existence of more than one macromolecular spices of lipid and apoA-II in the plasma. PMID- 6784754 TI - Thermodynamics of lipid-protein interactions: Interaction of apolipoprotein A-II from human plasma high-density lipoproteins with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6784755 TI - Effect of long-chain alkyl sulfate binding on circular dichroism and conformation of soybean trypsin inhibitor. AB - The disorganization and helix formation process of "Kunitz" soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) effected by sodium dodecyl sulfate binding was investigated by the circular dichroism (CD) probe. The binding isotherms of dodecyl sulfate to STI were determined at the ionic strength of 0.033, 0.12, and 0.25 at pH 7.3, 25 degrees C. The perturbation and disorganization of this nonhelical protein were observed at an early binding stage (v, the average molar ratio of bound detergent to STI, up to about 7 in the case of the isotherm at I = 0.12). The disappearance of a positive CD peak at 226 nm and appearance of a negative CD band at 239 nm took place at this step and were affected by the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group of detergents. The transition of the polypeptide backbone into a more ordered conformation proceeded gradually during cooperative binding of dodecyl sulfate molecules. An abrupt increase of detergent binding occurred near the critical micelle concentration of the detergent. The helix formation was completed prior to this step (v =30, at I = 0.12). PMID- 6784752 TI - Purification and properties of mouse pyruvate kinases K and M and of a modified K subunit. AB - The K4 and M4 isozymes of mouse pyruvate kinase were purified to homogeneity, and their physical, chemical, and kinetic properties were compared. The K isozyme is slightly larger, but a high degree of homology exists as evidenced by a similar amino acid composition, immunotitration value, and two-dimensional arginine peptide pattern after tryptic digestion. Also, the more active conformational form of the K isozyme has kinetic and chromatographic properties similar to those of the M isozyme. Only K subunit could be extracted with antibody from fresh spleen extracts, but this subunit can be cleaved to form a product with the mobility of the M subunit. The cleavage is accomplished by an endogenous enzyme and appears to be the first step in K-enzyme degradation. This product is called Kpm . KpmK hybrid could also be purified to homogeneity. This enzyme has the structure K2pmK2, and both types of subunit have activity. The Kpm form has a higher K0.5S value for phosphoenolpyruvate and a lower K0.5S value for ADP than does either the K or the M type. However, the Kpm and M subunits otherwise have very similar properties and it is speculated that the Kpm subunit is an M-type precursor. PMID- 6784756 TI - Mechanism of lipid-protein interaction in the plasma lipoproteins: identification of a lipid-binding site in apolipoprotein A-II. AB - Apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) is a dimeric 77-residue apoprotein of human high density lipoproteins. Previous studies indicate that residues 56--77 in the apoprotein do not bind phospholipid whereas residues 47--77 form a complex with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC). To further delineate the lipid-binding region between residues 47 and 77, we have prepared synthetic fragments of apoA II corresponding to residues 54--77, 52--77, and 50--77 and have tested each fragment for its ability to interact with vesicles of DMPC. The interaction of the fragments was determined by changes in secondary structure as measured by circular dichroism and by isolation of peptide--DMPC complexes by ultracentrifugation in density gradients of KBr. By these criteria, only fragment 50--77 binds DMPC; there is an increase in alpha helicity from 17% to 41% when the fragment associates with lipid. Since the 56--77 fragment does not associate with phospholipid, we propose that the addition of residues Thr-Pro-Leu-Ile-Lys Lys (corresponding to residues 50--55) to the 56--77 fragment gives the peptide the necessary sequence information for lipid binding. To further identify the important amino acid residues in the region of 50--55, we have substituted Leu Ile with Ala-Ala. This substitution totally abolishes the lipid-binding capacity of the 50--77 fragment. On the other hand, substitution of Lys-Lys with Ser-Ser does not alter the lipid-binding capacity of the peptide. We conclude that residues 50--55 are important in lipid binding and that the hydrophobic center formed by Leu-Ile plays an important role. PMID- 6784757 TI - Effects of coenzyme binding on histidine residues of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. AB - The effects of coenzyme binding on the seven histidine C2 proton resonances of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase have been determined. Binary complexes containing NADP+, NADPH, and their hypoxanthine, thionicotinamide, and acetylpyridine analogues, together with ternary complexes containing the inhibitors trimethoprim or methotrexate, have been examined. Four of the histidine residues are affected by coenzyme binding. The largest effect-a marked upfield shift (0.85 ppm) of the C2 proton resonance-is seen for His-64. The hypoxanthine analogue of the coenzyme was found to produce a smaller upfield shift and, in addition, a decrease in the pK of His-64. The effects on this reductase are discussed in the light of the crystal structure [Matthews, D. A., Alden, R. A., Bolin, J. T., Filman, D. J., Freer, S. T., Hamlin, R., Hol, W. G. J., Kisliuk, R. L., Pastore, E. J., Plante, L. T., Xuong, N., & Kraut, J. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6946], and it is concluded that His-64 is close to a carboxyl group in the free enzyme and that the hypoxanthine ring binds in a somewhat different orientation to the adenine ring. The effects on histidine resonances A, E, and G are significantly different for oxidized and reduced coenzymes. The changes in pK of the histidines giving rise to resonances A and E (probably His 22 and His-18) are discussed in terms of ligand-induced conformational changes, which differ for NADP+ and NADPH. PMID- 6784758 TI - Studies on the microsomal mixed-function oxidase system: mechanism of action of hepatic NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. AB - The mechanism of hepatic NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase has been investigated by using a stopped-flow technique. The reduction of the oxidized native enzyme (FAD-FMN) by NADPH proceeds by both one-electron equivalent and two-electron eqiuvalent mechanisms. The air-stable semiquinone form (FAD-FMNH.) of the native enzyme, which is characterized by an absorption shoulder at 635 nm, is also rapidly reduced to another semiquinone form (FADH-FMNH2) by NADPH with the disappearance of the shoulder at 635 nm, but the absorbance change at 585 nm is relatively constant. The FAD moiety in the FMN-depleted enzyme is rapidly reduced by NADPH, and reduced FAD is oxidized in successive one-electron steps by O2 or potassium ferricyanide. These results indicate the possibility of intra-molecular one-electron transfer between FAD and FMN. The rate of cytochrome P-450 reduction decreases in the presence of FMN-depleted enzyme but is nearly restored to the value of the original enzyme with FMN-reconstituted enzyme. These data suggest that FAD is the low-potential flavin, which serves as an electron acceptor from NADPH. On the other hand, FMN, which is the high-potential flavin, appears to participate as an electron carrier in the process of electron transfer from NADPH to cytochrome P-450 during the mixed-function catalytic cycle. PMID- 6784759 TI - Active form of pyridoxal phosphate in glycogen phosphorylase. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magentic resonance investigation. AB - The substrate analogue alpha-D-glucopyranosyl cyclic 1,2-phosphate has been confirmed to be a good competitive inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylases a and b isolated from rabbit muscle. Effects of tertiary and quaternary structure of the enzyme have been shown to be similar to those induced by the substrate glucose 1 phosphate and different from those of the coincidently binding inhibitor glucose. This information was obtained from study of the ultracentrifugation patterns of the enzyme-inhibitor complex and by determination of its effect on the binding constant for the activator AMP. 31P NMR investigation of the binding of this inhibitor to the enzyme has demonstrated that it both tightens the binding of the nucleotide activator and shifts the resonance of the phosphate group of the pyridoxal phosphate residue to a broad signal around 0 ppm. This situation is further reinforced in the presence of the second substrate, maltopentaose, giving a fully potentiated, but inactive, enzyme-substrate complex. This has not been studied previously by 31 P NMR. The active form of the pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), in the presence of substrates or their analogues, is not therefore a mobile dianionic phosphate as has been previously proposed. It may represent a tightly bound and constrained dianionic phosphate or possible a protonated phosphate in intermediate exchange. The implications of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6784760 TI - Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the complexes of two diastereoisomers of folinic acid with dihydrofolate reductase. AB - The 1H chemical shifts for the formyl and benzoyl protons of the individual diastereoisomeres of folinic acid bound to dihydrofolate reductase have been measured. For the tightly bound biologically active 6S, alpha S isomer, the "bound" signals were assigned by using transfer of saturation methods. In this case, only one of the two rotameric states of the formyl group in folinic acid (form I) is bound to the enzyme. The H3' and H5' benzoyl protons have identical shifts in the bound state (as do the H2' and H6' protons). This equivalence is attributed to flipping of the benzoyl ring about the N10-C4' and C1'-CO bonds in the bound state. In the case of the biologically inactive 6R, alpha S isomer, both rotameric forms (I and II) bind to the enzyme. The "bound" shifts for the formyl and aromatic protons are different in the complexes with the 6S, alpha S and 6R, alpha S isomers, indicating that the pteridine ring and benzoyl moiety are binding in different environments in their enzyme complexes. The glutamic acid moiety is probably binding at the same site in the two complexes. PMID- 6784761 TI - Affinity labeling of residues within Hv2 of guinea pig anti-azobenzenearsonate antibodies of different isotypes and from different strains. AB - Anti-p-azobenzenearsonate (ARS) antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes produced in inbred strain 13 and strain 2 guinea pigs were affinity labeled with N (bromoacetyl)-3-[(p-arsonophenyl)azo]-L-tyrosine (BAAT) or N-(bromoacetyl)-p arsanilic acid (BAA). BAAT was shown to modify approximately 50% of the binding sites specifically and BAA approximately 30%. Both reagents preferentially modified residues in the heavy (H) chain to the extent that it contained over 80% of the affinity label associated with the native molecule. At least 80% of label borne by the variable domain of the H chain (VH) was found in the second hypervariable region (Hv2). BAAT labeled all anti-ARS antibodies exclusively at position N-59, which contains a lysyl residue. BAA labeled predominantly tyrosine at N-57 and, to a lesser extent, lysine-59 and tyrosine-50. Comparison of Hv2 sequences in anti-ARS and in antibodies reactive with other haptens has shown that tyrosine at N-50 and N-57 as well as lysine at N-59 is distinctive of antibodies with anti-ARS specificity, thus implying their involvement in antigen binding. The predominant sequence of Hv2 was identical in anti-ARS IgG1 and IgG2 molecules induced in either inbred guinea pig strain following either carrier priming or conventional immunization. Although limited variability does occur among the various populations of anti-ARS antibodies in certain residue positions in Hv2, no significant differences in the binding affinities or in the indexes of heterogeneity were seen among the various kinds of anti-ARS antibodies. PMID- 6784762 TI - Genetic identification and purification of the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli membrane particles were solubilized with potassium cholate. An NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase was resolved by hydroxylapatite chromatography of the solubilized material. This enzyme has been identified as the respiratory NADH dehydrogenase since it is absent in chromatograms of solubilized material from an ndh mutant strain. Such mutants lack membrane-bound NADH oxidase activity and have previously been shown to have an inactive NADH dehydrogenase complex [Young, I. G., & Wallace, B. J. (1976) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 449, 376-385]. The respiratory NADH dehydrogenase was amplified 50- to 100-fold in vivo by using multicopy plasmid vectors carrying the ndh gene and then purified to homogeneity on hydroxylapatite. Hydroxylapatite chromatography of cholate-solubilized material from genetically amplified strains purified the enzyme approximately 800 to 100-fold relatively to the activity in wild-type membranes. By use of a large scale purification procedure, 50-100 mg of protein with a specific activity of 500-600 mumol of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized min-1 mg-1 at pH 7.5, 30 degrees C, was obtained. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide with an apparent Mr of 45 000. PMID- 6784763 TI - Argininosuccinate lyase: purification and characterization from human liver. AB - Argininosuccinate lyase has been purified to near homogeneity and partially characterized from extracts of human liver. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 10.3 mumol min-1 mg-1 in the forward, argininosuccinate cleaving, reaction and 8.0 mumol min-1 mg-1 in the reverse reaction. On the basis of electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate containing polyacrylamide gels, the protein had a minimum molecular weight of 49 000. Sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation revealed a molecular weight of 187 000. On the basis of these data, the enzyme appears to be a tetramer composed of subunits of identical molecular weight. The Km values were about 0.20 mM for argininosuccinate, 5.3 mM for fumarte, and 3.0 mM for arginine. The enzyme exhibited normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) had no affect on the activity of the enzyme. With the exception of its kinetic properties, the enzyme is very similar to the beef liver enzyme. Antibodies were prepared in rabbits and were specific for the human protein, reacting only slightly with the beef liver enzyme and not at all with the rat liver enzyme. The antibodies reacted identically with purified enzyme and enzyme in extracts of human skin fibroblasts. Immunoadsorption of crude human liver extracts followed by analysis of the immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis showed only one protein band which corresponded in mobility to purified argininosuccinate lyase, demonstrating that the antibodies were specific for argininosuccinate lyase. PMID- 6784764 TI - Kinetic studies on sodium-dependent calcium uptake by myocardial cells and neuroblastoma cells in culture. AB - Kinetic analyses were made on intracellular Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake by myocardial cells and neuroblastoma cells (N-18 strain) in culture. Cells loaded with various concentrations of Na+ could be prepared by incubating them in Ca2+ free medium containing various concentrations of Na+. Cells pre-loaded with various concentrations of Na+ were incubated in medium containing Ca2+ and 45Ca. The resulting 45Ca uptake by the two types of cell depended greatly on the initial intracellular concentrations of Na+. Lineweaver-Burk plots of the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake against the external concentration of Ca2+ fitted well to straight lines obtained by linear regression (r greater than 0.95). This result shows that Ca2+ uptake by the two types of cell was achieved by a carrier mediated transport system. This Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake was accompanied by Na+ release and the ratio of Na+ release to Ca2+ uptake was close to 3 : 1. A comparison of the kinetic data between myocardial cells and N-18 cells suggested that N-18 cells possess a carrier showing the same properties as that of myocardial cells, i.e.: (1) a similar dependency on the intracellular concentration of Na+; (2) the coincidence of the apparent Michaelis constants for Ca2+ (0.1 mM); (3) the similarities of the Ki values for Co2+, Sr2+ and Mg2+ (Co2+ less than Sr2+ less than Mg2+) and (4) a similar dependency on pH. However, the maximal initial rate, V, of N-18 cells was about 1/100 that of myocardial cells. The rate of Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake by non-excitable cells was much lower than that by myocardial cells. PMID- 6784765 TI - Calcium potentiates the peroxidation of erythrocyte membrane lipids. AB - To explore the possible role of intracellular calcium in membrane lipid peroxidation, we subjected red cells to conditions designed to increase intracellular calcium levels and then measured lipid peroxidation after exposure to a peroxidant threat. Human erythrocytes were pretreated for 3 h with either very high levels of CaCl2, or with low levels in the presence of the ionophore A23187. The erythrocytes were subsequently exposed to a peroxide-generating system consisting of xanthine and xanthine oxidase, or H2O2 for 1 h at 37 degrees C. As measured by a malonyldialdehyde assay, the calcium-treated cell showed up to a 2-fold increase in lipid peroxidation in comparison to untreated cells. In experiments with the ionophore, calcium concentration-dependent effects were detected at levels as low as 10 microM and were maximal at 50 microM. A significant loss of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine was observed in calcium- and peroxide-treated erythrocytes. This potentiation of membrane lipid peroxidation and lipid loss could be prevented by either lipid antioxidants or EGTA. The present study shows that pretreatment of erythrocytes with calcium increases their sensitivity to lipid peroxidation. This suggests that increased calcium concentration may be a factor in the potentiation of membrane lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes known to have increased calcium levels such as sickled and senescent red cells. PMID- 6784766 TI - Active Ca2+ transport by membrane vesicles from pigeon erythrocytes. Stimulation by amino acids, ATP, GTP, Pi and some other cell constituents. AB - Pretreatment of pigeon erythrocyte membrane vesicles with amino acids, ATP, GTP, Pi and some other simple cell constituents (singly and in combination) causes an increase in ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake activity of vesicles upon subsequent incubation with 45Ca2+ after removal of the above agents from the 'i' face. Amino acids augment the stimulation by all stimulatory agents and are required for stimulation by Pi. The effects of amino acids, ATP, GTP and Pi all occur at physiological concentrations. Many if not all of the effects of the mixture of amino acids that occur naturally in the cells can be accounted for by the group transported by the 'ASC' transport system of Christensen (Christensen, H.N. (1975) Biological Transport, 2nd edn., W.A. Benjamin, Inc., Reading, MA), but not by any single amino acid at its physiological concentration. The effects of ATP and GTP are not mimicked by their non-hydrolysable beta,gamma-imido analogues not by the corresponding 3',5'-cyclic monophosphates. None of the effects described appears to involve calmodulin. We suggest that amino acid transport plays a role in metabolic regulation through effects on cell [Ca2+]. Analogous effects on cell [Ca2+] may be involved in the action of the many hormones which augment amino acid accumulation by the 'A' amino acid transport system. PMID- 6784767 TI - In vitro interaction of human HDL with human apolipoprotein A-II. Synthesis of apolipoprotein A-II-rich HDL. AB - The aim of this study was to define the specific affinity of human apolipoproteins A-I and A-II for HDL lipids and to investigate the possible transfer of apolipoproteins from the HDL molecule. For this purpose we incubated human HDL with increasing amounts of isolated apolipoprotein A-II. After incubation the reaction products were separated by gel chromatography and apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were quantified separately by immunonephelometry and HDL lipids by thin-layer chromatography. According to our results, apolipoprotein A-II progressively displaces apolipoprotein A-I to generate an HDL-like particle with identical lipid composition, hydrodynamic properties and lipid fluidity. These data indicate that apolipoprotein A-II is able to displace quantitatively apolipoprotein A-I from HDL in vitro, and that such a mechanism might contribute to the regulation of the HDL2 in equilibrium or formed from HDL3 distribution in plasma. PMID- 6784768 TI - Isolation and characterization of dolichols from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Dolichols of Tetrahymena pyriformis were isolated and characterized by TLC, HPLC and mass spectrometry. Four strains of Tetrahymena were studied and found to have relatively small amounts of dolichol, from 0.26 to 2.60 mg dolichol/kg wet weight. All four strains had approximately the same relative proportions of isoprenologs, dolichol-13 (2%), dolichol-14 (74%), dolichol-15 (23%), and dolichol-16 (less than 1%). Tetrahymena dolichols were found mainly in the mitochondrial subcellular fraction (86%). The pellicle fraction contained 9% and the microsomal fraction, 5% of the remaining dolichol. Free dolichol has also been found in the mitochondrial fraction of four other organisms. We were not able to demonstrate dolichyl esters in these organisms, but their presence is inferred, because reduced yields of dolichol were obtained if the lipid extracts were not saponified prior to HPLC assay. PMID- 6784769 TI - Purification and characterization of a human pancreas-specific antigen. AB - A pancreas-specific antigen was identified by immunologic techniques and purified from saline extract of human pancreas. The purified pancreas-specific antigen was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under both denaturing and non-denaturing conditions. It had a molecular weight of 44000 as estimated by gel filtration or sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, and a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S as analyzed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Pancreas-specific antigen possessed an isoelectric point of 4.9 and migrated to alpha-beta region upon immunoelectrophoresis. By colorimetric assay procedures, pancreas-specific antigen exhibited no enzyme activity, such as amylase, protease, esterase, lipase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase peroxidase, deoxyribonuclease or ribonuclease. Immunoreactivity of pancreas specific antigen was sensitive to proteolytic enzymes, perchloric acid and high temperature (70 degrees C, 10 min); but insensitive to neuraminidase or beta glucosidase. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that pancreas-specific antigen was located in acinar cells of human pancreas. In addition, a higher concentration of pancreas-specific antigen was detected in pancreatic juice than in the saline extract of pancreas. This newly identified pancreas-specific antigen, therefore, may be a useful marker protein in physiological studies of pancreas and pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6784770 TI - A low-angle laser light scattering study of the association behavior of a major membrane protein of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore at various concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate where polypeptides derived from water-soluble globular proteins are solubilized monomerically. AB - The major membrane protein of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophore could be solubilized in the presence of free sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in concentration above 0.8 mM. At this concentration, the protein was highly associated to give a weight-averaged molecular weight as high as one million as determined by the low angle laser light scattering technique. With the increase of free SDS concentration, the aggregates were progressively dissociated to give a molecular weight of 8300 at the critical micelle concentration of SDS. Three protein polypeptides derived from typical water-soluble globular proteins, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin, were found to be solubilized monomerically even at 0.8 mM free SDS. The results obtained suggest that there is substantial difference in the mode of solubilization between polypeptides derived from intrinsic membrane proteins and those from water-soluble globular proteins. PMID- 6784771 TI - Formation of cysteine conjugates from dihydroxyphenylalanine and its S-cysteinyl derivatives by peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation. AB - Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine (DOPA) and its S cysteinyl derivatives(cysteinyldopas) in the presence of cysteine was studied by analyzing the products with chromatography on Dowex 50W. Products of the oxidation of DOPA were found to be 5-S- and 2-S-cysteinyldopa, 2,5-S,S dicysteinyldopa, and three unknown compounds A1, B, and C. 5-S- and 2-S cysteinyldopa were also oxidized as easily as DOPA to give 2,5-S,S dicysteinyldopa and similar patterns of the unknown compounds. Further oxidation of 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa in the presence of cysteine yielded compounds A1, B, and C, whereas in its absence compound B was not formed. From these results coupled with the spectral data, it is suggested that compounds A1 and C are the two isomeric dihydrobenzothiazine derivatives of 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa, while compound B is 2,5,6-S,S-tricysteinyldopa. These date suggest a possibility that peroxidase may play some role in the formation of cysteinyldopa and related metabolites in vivo. PMID- 6784772 TI - Induction of hyaluronic acid synthetase by estrogen in the mouse skin. AB - Hyaluronic acid synthetase activity was measured in male mouse skin following the topical application of estradiol in vivo. The enzyme activity increased in parallel with the hyaluronic acid content of the skin, and showed a similar response in the skin of ovariectomized female mice. The increase in enzyme activity was reduced by the anti-estrogen agents, tamoxifene citrate and clomiphene citrate, which block competitively the binding of estrogen to the estrogen receptor. The increase in hyaluronic acid synthetase activity was also reduced by topical application of cycloheximide or by subcutaneous injection of actinomycin D. The results suggest that the stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis in mouse skin in response to estrogen treatment is mediated through estrogen receptors and involves the induction of the enzyme hyaluronic acid synthetase. PMID- 6784773 TI - The quantitative spectrophotometric estimation of total sulfated glycosaminoglycan levels. Formation of soluble alcian blue complexes. AB - The formation of soluble complexes between alcian blue dye and sulfated glycosaminoglycans provides the basis for the quantitative spectrophotometric estimation of the total concentration of these polysaccharides. Samples containing microgram quantities of sulfated glycosaminoglycan are mixed with a stable dye solution prepared in 15% phosphoric/2% sulfuric acids and absorbance readings at 480 nm are compared to an appropriate standard curve. The method is rapid, convenient, and reproducible. Analyses are performed under conditions in which there is no interference from the non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid, or most other anionic macromolecules. In addition, estimations are not effected by small anions or individual monosaccharides. The method has been used for the determination of the purity of commercially available preparations of hyaluronic acid and for the estimation of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan content of various biological fluids including normal human urine and the synovial fluid of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. PMID- 6784774 TI - Uptake and distribution of placental glucocerebrosidase in rat hepatic cells and effects of sequential deglycosylation. AB - The clearance of native human placental glucocerebrosidase by rat liver shows the presence of two distinct enzyme forms with different recognition characteristics. The clearance and uptake of native enzyme by liver cells was compared to that of glucocerebrosidase sequentially treated with neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. The initial rate of clearance of infused enzyme was increased greater than 10-fold for the asialo-, agalacto- and ahexoenzymes over that of native glucocerebrosidase. Incorporation of asialo enzyme was increased in hepatocytes over that of native enzyme, while the distribution of agalacto- and ahexoenzyme preparations was increased in non-parenchymal cells. This observation is consistent with the identification of a galactose receptor on hepatocytes and N-acetylglucosamine/mannose receptors on Kupffer cells. These data and inhibition studies by specified monosaccharide-terminal glycoprotein derivatives demonstrate the importance of these sugars in the uptake of this lysosomal enzyme by receptor-mediated endocytosis. Modification of the enzyme to expose certain monosaccharide moieties results in increased delivery to specific cell types. Therefore, naturally occurring receptors can be utilized for targeting glucocerebrosidase to the non-parenchymal cell in liver. PMID- 6784776 TI - [Charge transfer in the primary processes of photosynthesis]. AB - Transmission of electric charges generated by light in the unbranching chain of electron transport is under consideration. Recombination of electrons and holes and possibility of reverse processes are considered. Expression for the efficiency of steady-state charge separation is obtained. Example of the reaction centre of bacterial photosynthesis is considered. All this permits to connect the signals of microwave photolosses with the destination of the electron on distant electron carriers. PMID- 6784775 TI - Approaches to a markedly increased sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay for thyrotropin-releasing hormone by derivatization. AB - Antisera to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (pGlu-His-Pro-NH2, TRH) have previously been produced in rabbits by immunization with a conjugate having TRH linked to a carrier protein by means of dinitrophenylene (Dnp) moiety. Studies on the specificity of the antisera obtained suggested that the sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay for TRH may be increased substantially by prior conversion of the hormone in to dinitrophenylene derivatives. To test this possibility, several TRH-Dno derivatives were prepared by reaction of TRH with equimolar amounts of 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene yielding Nim-(5-fluoro-2,4-dinitrophenyl)TRH. This intermediate was reacted with ammonia, histamine, tyramine or N alpha-acetyl lysine methyl ester (N alpha Ac-Lys-OMe) to yield the respective unsubstituted and N-substituted Nim-(5-amino-2,4-dinitrophenyl)TRH derivatives: TRH-Dnp-NH2, TRH-Dnp-histamine, TRH-Dnp-tyramine and TRH-Dnp-N alpha Ac-Lys-OMe. Nim-(2,4 Dinitrophenyl)TRH was prepared similarly by reaction of TRH with 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene. The products were isolated by means of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and were found to be pure by HPLC and thin-layer chromatography using several solvent systems. TRH-Dnp-histamine and TRH-Dnp tyramine were labelled with 125I using the chloramine-T method. The labelled products were purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on SP Sephadex and adsorption chromatography on Sephadex LH-20, respectively, and were found by HPLC to be pure. PMID- 6784777 TI - [Reversible photoinduced changes in fluorescence and absorption by phycobilisomes]. PMID- 6784779 TI - Relationship between glyoxylate cycle activation and NADPH/NADP rise in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6784778 TI - [Study of microwave photolosses in chromatophores of photosynthesizing Rhodospirillum rubrum bacteria]. AB - The study of photoinduced dielectric losses at frequency 10(10) c/s as function of samples humidity, heating and chemical treatment, intensity and wavelength of light is reported. The signals of microwave losses and differential spectrum signals are compared. The authors attribute the photolosses observed to the electrons localised in the realm between the primary and secondary acceptors during their reduction, probably being in the conductance quasiband of proteins in the photosynthetic reaction centre. PMID- 6784781 TI - Enhanced killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in presence of subinhibitory concentrations of carbenicillin and ticarcillin. AB - The effect of carbenicillin and ticarcillin on the killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied with an in vitro system using peripheral blood polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes collected from human donors. No corticosteroid was given to the donor prior to leukocytes collection by a continuous flow cell separator. The assay was carried out with or without serum. P. aeruginosa yield after a 4 hour-incubation was estimated by colony counting. In Hanks' balanced salt solution, P. aeruginosa strains 74 and 78 were resistant to human PMN leukocytes. The presence of subinhibitory concentrations of carbenicillin or ticarcillin (1/10th the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for P. aeruginosa 74, 1/4th the MIC for P. aeruginosa 78) enhanced the bactericidal activity of human leukocytes. Difference between the numbers of bacteria recovered with PMN cells and without cells increased with concentration of carbenicillin or ticarcillin. The synergistic effect was not observed when serum (heated fetal calf serum or heated pooled human serum) was used. The mode of action of carbenicillin and ticarcillin on bactericidal activity of phagocytic cells was not elucidated, but we suggest the effect is due not to action on the phagocytic cells themselves but on the microorganisms. PMID- 6784780 TI - Degradation of DDT and its analogs by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 640x. AB - The possibility of complete degradation of DDT by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 640x was demonstrated in principle. A study of the conditions of degradation of DDT by this culture was made. It was demonstrated that only dechlorination of DDT to DDD is accomplished without addition of a supplementary substrate. The rest of the processes right up to the formation of benzhydrol and phenylacetic acid take place only under conditions of cometabolism. For dechlorination of the aliphatic fragment of DDT and the aromatic rings, anaerobic conditions, nitrates in the form of electron acceptors, and calcium lactate as a cosubstrate are preferred. Degradation of nonchlorinated benzophenone takes place only under aerobic conditions with glycerol as a cosubstrate. Phenylacetic acid and benzhydrol are used by the culture as sole sources of carbon; aerobic conditions are necessary for their degradation. On the basis of analysis of decomposition products of DDT and a study of the pathways of degradation of its metabolites and analogs, a means of converting DDT by P. aeruginosa 640x is proposed. PMID- 6784782 TI - Causes of age-dependency of mammary tumour induction by carcinogens in rats. AB - While carcinogen-induced mammary tumour in rats is one of the representative models for human breast cancer, the age of mammary glands is critical for the induction of tumours by carcinogens; the effects of carcinogens are much marked around 50 days and decline abruptly with the advance of age. Accumulated data have revealed the mitotic rate and the binding activity to carcinogens of mammary glands are major factors in this process, both decreasing with age. Based on these facts, the mechanism of well-known protection by early pregnancy and lactation of human breast cancer and the possibility for prophylaxis of breast cancer were also discussed. PMID- 6784783 TI - Electric dichroism in the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium. AB - Aqueous suspensions of fragments of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium are exposed to short electric field pulses. The relaxation kinetics of the induced dichroism are studied as a function of environmental factors such as temperature, medium viscosity, and treatment of the membranes with glutaraldehyde and dimethylsulfoxide. The data indicate that the alignment of the retinyl chromophore is due to orientation of the whole membrane fragments with their planes parallel to the electric field, as well as to an intramembrane orientation of bacteriorhodopsin molecules (or of a part of such molecules). Wavelength effects on the dichroic ratio show that weak, out of (membrane) plane components contribute to the chromophore spectrum on the red side (lambda greater than 560 nm) of the main (alpha) absorption band as well as the range of the beta band (lambda less than 480 nm). The former effect is attributed to exciton interactions, while the latter is assigned to the contribution of a transition to the lowest 1Ag+ state ("cis" band). It is also concluded that the transition moment along the short (kappa) axis, in the plane of the polyene molecule, has a substantial component perpendicular to the membrane plane. PMID- 6784784 TI - Theoretical models for the covalent assembly of immunoglobulins. AB - Theoretical models for the formation of interchain disulfide bonds in noncovalently assembled immunoglobulin molecules are presented. The formalism handles independent and cooperative bond formation with equal ease. Analysis of certain experimental results on the covalent assembly of human immunoglobulin G yields information about the pathway of assembly. A model in which the formation of bonds between the light and heavy chains is independent of, but twice as fast as, those between two heavy chains, gives satisfactory agreement with these results. Simple models involving cooperative bond formation are also considered, but the experiments being analyzed are not accurate enough to unambiguously implicate any cooperative pathway. PMID- 6784785 TI - Study of the demethylation of [1,3,7-Me-13C] caffeine in man using respiratory exchange measurements. AB - Caffeine was shown to be demethylated both in the rat and in man into dimethyl and monomethyl derivatives. There are no quantitative data on the demethylation process because in man the identified metabolites have not all been quantified, and in addition unidentified polar metabolites have been reported recently both in the rat and in man. To quantify the total demethylation process and to study the use of caffeine as a clinical test to analyse hepatic functions, [1,3,7-Me 13C]caffeine was synthesized and 200 mg was administered orally to volunteers. Expired carbon dioxide was continuously measured and collected in a liquid nitrogen trap and then analysed on a double inlet mass spectrometer. A significant increase of the 13CO2 over the basal value was already observed in the first sample collected 15 minutes after the administration. The 13CO2 enrichment reached a maximum within one hour, exhibited a plateau and after 5 hours decreased slowly to return near the basal value after 24 hours. From 21 to 26% of total 13C administration was recovered in expired CO2 over 24 hours. These percentages corresponded also to a mean rate of demethylation for each methyl group. Thus, [1,3,7-Me-13C]caffeine is a molecule suitable for a breath test. However, it remains to show whether or not P-448 induction stimulates a specific demethylation. From these data a specific enrichment of a methyl group could be decided. The use of a physiological dose of caffeine and the use of stable isotopes constitute a non-invasive and safe technique to study human liver functions. PMID- 6784786 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the extent of myocardial infarction]. AB - Myocardial infarction in rabbits was caused by ligation of the anterior descending artery. Nitroglycerin was given intravenously (100 micrograms/min) 120 -180 min after the operation. In both control and experimental groups, precordial ECG maps were recorded 30, 120, 180 and 360 min after the operation. 7 days after the operation the size of myocardial infarction was measured by planimetry. Rapid and statistically significant dynamics of ECG was observed in the control group under the effect of nitroglycerin. Bradycardia under the effect of nitroglycerin was recorded in the experimental group but was not seen in the control group or in the complementary one where nitroglycerin was given to anesthetized but non operated animals. Therefore bradycardia under the effect of nitroglycerin was observed only in animals with acute myocardial infarction. Planimetry demonstrated a statistically significant reduction of the area of necrosis in the experimental group (by 41.2%) as compared with the control one. PMID- 6784787 TI - [Study of the antigenic makeup of Cychlachena xantifolia pollen]. PMID- 6784788 TI - [Biological methods of determining free kinins in peripheral blood]. AB - The method is infusing an isolated jejunal strip with heparinized blood (3-5 units/ml) was used to determine total free kinins in peripheral blood of man and animals to a high precision (+/- 6.9%). Kinin formation was inhibited by trypsin inhibitor obtained from soybean (100-200 microgram/ml). Destruction of kinin was blocked by 8-hydroxyquinoline (0.03-0.05 ml of saturated solution per 1 ml of blood) or by unithiol (2,3-dimercaptopropanol-2 mg/ml). Since these inhibitors can induce hypesthesia of the jejunum to bradykinin (8-hydroxyquinoline in 47% of cats) or to potentiate contractility of the jejunal strip (unithiol in 50% of cats) it is advisable that appropriate corrections is made in order to restrict the number of tests, to raise the interval between the tests and to carry out additional analysis of jejunal sensitivity to bradykinin in the presence of 8 hydroxyquinoline or unithiol. PMID- 6784789 TI - Inaccuracy in automated measurement of hematocrit and corpuscular indices in the presence of severe hyperglycemia. AB - Because we recently observed two patients with severe diabetic hyperglycemia and spuriously elevated electronically determined hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), we investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on two popular automated hematology systems, the Coulter S and Ortho ELT-8. Marked hyperglycemia (blood glucose 800--2000 mg/dl) caused consistent overestimation of the electronically determined MCV compared to that derived from a simultaneous spun microhematocrit. The resultant overestimation and underestimation, respectively, of the derived values for hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration may be clinically misleading. The mechanism of MCV elevation in hyperglycemia appears to be swelling of hyperosmolar glucose "loaded" erythrocytes when diluted into "isotonic" counting medium. This effect is readily circumvented by determination of a spun microhematocrit. PMID- 6784790 TI - Cell surface characterization of malignant T cells from lymphoblastic lymphoma using monoclonal antibodies: evidence for phenotypic differences between malignant T cells from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies was used for the characterization of malignant T cells from 21 patients with lymphoblastic lymphoma (LL). The tumor population from these patients showed a marked degree of phenotypic heterogeneity and a proportion (one-third) of patients had tumor cells that did not conform exactly with the cells normally detected in the thymus. However, these cell populations could be related to the early or common or late thymocyte population (about one third of the patients in each category). This contrast, with the characterization of malignant T cells from 43 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that could be related to either early or common thymocytes, with an exception of two patients categorized as having a tumor population related to late thymocytes. Further phenotypic differences between cells from ALL and LL could be demonstrated by investigation with two additional monoclonal antibodies, A50 and U4. Among patients with malignant T cells related to common thymocyte, 0/12 patients with ALL had cells recognized by A50, where 5/8 patients with LL had A50+ cells. Among patients with early thymocytes, only patients with ALL had cells recognized by U4. In addition, 5 LL patients had cells reactive with J5, a monoclonal antibody recognizing the common ALL antigen (CALLA). Since CALLA was found on cells related to common and late thymocytes, CALLA is neither lineage specific, nor can it be viewed as being peculiar to malignant lymphoid cells arrested at very immature stages of differentiation. PMID- 6784791 TI - Synergistic effect of nitrilotriacetate on iron mobilization by desferrioxamine in vivo. AB - Removal of iron from biologically important ligands by desferrioxamine (DF), in vitro, is exceedingly slow because of a kinetic barrier. This kinetic barrier can be overcome by a variety of a small molecular weight anions, of which nitrilotriacetate (NTA) is a prototype. We explored the effect of NTA on DF iron mobilization in vivo. Iron mobilization was increased and the effect was synergistic. PMID- 6784792 TI - Autonomous synthesis of alpha and beta hemoglobin chains in rabbit erythroid cells. AB - Hemoglobin beta-chain synthesis by rabbit erythroid cells was tested for dependence on availability of complementary alpha-chains. Reticulocytes and bone marrow cells were obtained from variant rabbits that have hemoglobin with isoleucine in alpha-chains but not in beta-chains. This characteristic permits the use of L-O-methylthreonine, a specific isoleucine antagonist, to inhibit selectively the synthesis of hemoglobin alpha-chains without directly affecting that of beta-chains. Study of hemoglobin synthesis by bone marrow cells presents two problems that require careful management: (A) the fragility of the globin synthesizing apparatus and (B) the isolation of globin from the various proteins made by the mixture of nucleated cells. Disruption of synthetic activity was minimized by collecting the bone marrow in autologous plasma then removing fat and connective tissue while the cells were suspended in this medium. Purification involved gel filtration of hemoglobin and globin then CM-cellulose chromatography of globin chains. Absence of radioactive isoleucine in beta-chains demonstrated the efficacy of this scheme in removing isoleucine-containing proteins that otherwise elute with beta-chains on CM-cellulose columns. In reticulocytes, when synthesis of alpha-chains is inhibited by 30%--80%, that of beta-chains is stimulated by 20%--60%, but in marrow cells, incorporation into beta-chains stays at control level when alpha incorporation is inhibited. The data indicate that beta-chain synthesis is independent of the availability of complementary alpha chains. PMID- 6784793 TI - Recategorizing childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia with monoclonal antibodies to human T cells. AB - The lymphoblasts of three patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were analyzed for their immunologic surface markers. Blasts from two of these patients did not form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and the third did so marginally, suggesting these patients had non-T-cell leukemia. These blasts were also tested with monoclonal antibodies that detect thymocyte differentiation markers, and all three patients were highly reactive with at least two of these reagents. We anticipate the availability of multiple standardized monoclonal reagents will necessitate a recategorization of ALL phenotypes. Some of these leukemic phenotypes may not correspond to normal stages of lymphoid differentiation. Therefore, we suggest that it may be inappropriate to attempt to identify and categorize leukemic cells by the pathways of normal differentiation. PMID- 6784794 TI - The complex multimeric composition of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. AB - We have analyzed the multimeric structure of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in plasma by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis using gels of varying porosity and a discontinuous buffer system. Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor bands were identified by reaction with 125I-labeled affinity-purified antibody and subsequent autoradiography. In 1% agarose gels, normal plasma displayed a series of sharply defined oligomers. However, increasing the agarose concentration to 2.0% or utilizing mixtures of 0.8% agarose--1.75% acrylamide revealed two bands of lesser intensity interposed between the major bands. When the acrylamide concentration in the gels was increased to 2.5%, bands with a faster mobility than IgM and fibronectin were now evident. Type IIA von Willebrand's disease showed not only an absence of the larger multimers but also a relative increase in several of the newly identified bands as compared to type IIB, type I, and normal. These studies suggest that factor VII/von Willebrand factor in IIA von Willebrand's disease is structurally different from that in other forms of the disorder. They also indicate that the multimeric composition of factor VII/von Willebrand factor is more complex than can be explained by simple linear polymerization of a single protomer. PMID- 6784795 TI - Long-term disease-free survival in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Twenty-six of 45 adults (58%) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who were treated with intensive induction chemotherapy over 5 yr ago entered complete remission. All patients entering remission were placed on weekly maintenance chemotherapy consisting of cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine. The median duration of complete remission was 17 mo and 7 patients (27%) remained in their initial remission for 62 + to 102 + mo. All but one of the patients in complete remission over 5 yr have had treatment discontinued. Only 1 of 7 patients in remission for more than 5 yr has relapsed. Median survival is 26.5 mo, and 8 patients (31%) currently remain alive without evidence of leukemia 63--105 mo from diagnosis. It is possible to achieve long-term disease-free survival with chemotherapy alone in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6784796 TI - Influence of azo dye on synchronized cells of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6784797 TI - Accumulation and excretion of isopropylchlorobiphenyls in mouse and fish. PMID- 6784798 TI - Sex hormones and the flaccid lung syndrome. PMID- 6784799 TI - The Israeli National Medical Library's new minicomputerized on-line integrated system (MAIMON). AB - An in-house library system based on a dedicated mini-computer has been in operation in the Israel National Medical Library since the summer of 1979. The integrated system, called MAIMON, features on-line access to bibliographic and circulation records. It replaces manual procedures in cataloging, searching, lending, and reservations. The system provides previously unavailable statistics on items in heavy use and demand, items to be removed from the active collection, and who uses what in the library. It is designed to be user cordial and to save users' time. The system has been very favorably accepted by patrons, and frees professional librarians from time-consuming clerical routine tasks. The system is evaluated in terms of performance, convenience, and cost. PMID- 6784800 TI - [The periphery of the fundus oculi. Prevention of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6784801 TI - Glutamate metabolism in malnutrition and sepsis in man. AB - The metabolism of intravenous glutamate has been studied for its usefulness as a nutrient in intravenous feeding regimens. Intravenously infused monosodium L glutamate was rapidly removed from the blood with a half-life of 10.7 and 9.1 min in healthy control and malnourished septic patients, respectively. Under the same conditions, alanine was metabolized much more slowly, with a half-life of 35 min (1). After the infusion of glutamate, blood lactate fell and glucose was increased in the control patients but not in the sick patients. Blood pyruvate, ketone bodies, glutamine, aspartate and alanine levels did not change after the infusion of glutamate in either group of patients. Increased urinary excretion of aspartate was observed in the control patients following the infusion of glutamate, but in the sick patients there was an increased excretion of glutamine. Insulin concentration in the blood rose after the infusion of glutamate in the control patients but not in the sick patients. Although the glutamate half-life life was similar in the two groups of patients, glutamate was metabolized differently in the sick. Deamination predominates over transamination. We conclude that glutamate, in the amounts provided in intravenous feeding, is safe, although its effectiveness may be less than previously thought. PMID- 6784802 TI - Treatment of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6784803 TI - Psychiatry in the general hospital. PMID- 6784804 TI - Misleading manpower statistics. PMID- 6784805 TI - In-vitro venous prostacyclin production, plasma 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha concentrations, and diabetic retinopathy. AB - Previous studies have shown that vessels from diabetics produce less prostacyclin in vitro than those from normal controls. To determine whether this decreased production is related to complications elective biopsy of a superficial forearm vein was performed on 12 insulin-dependent male diabetics, six with nil or minimal and six with proliferative retinopathy, and seven male controls. Vein segments from the diabetics and controls produced similar amounts of prostacyclin in vitro (medians 0.11 and 0.19 ng/mg tissue respectively), but the segments from the diabetics with nil or minimal retinopathy produced less than those from the diabetics with proliferative retinopathy (medians 0.09 and 0.18 ng/mg respectively). Preoperative plasma immunoreactive concentrations of 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha were not significantly different between the controls and the diabetics (medians 101 and 116 pg/ml respectively). In a separate study, however, 11 diabetics with duration of disease of over 10 years and nil or minimal retinopathy had significantly lower concentrations than a matched group of 16 with background or proliferative retinopathy (medians 79 and 121 pg/ml respectively). These results do not support an association between reduced prostacyclin production and diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6784806 TI - Impaired monocyte function in liver cirrhosis. AB - Monocyte function in patients with cirrhosis of the liver was measured by phagocytosis and killing of Candida pseudotropicalis and C albicans. Both variables were significantly decreased in the patients compared with controls. Control monocytes exposed for two hours to patients' serum showed a significant decrease in intracellular killing compared with control monocytes incubated in autologous serum. This suggests the presence of an inhibiting factor in the patients' serum. This inhibitory factor passed through a dialysis membrane that permitted the passage of molecules of less than 12 000 daltons. Treating monocytes from patients with trypsin significantly increased phagocytosis, indicating that the possible inhibitory factor was attached to the monocyte surface. Metabolism of monocytes during phagocytosis as determined by chemoluminescence was significantly lower in monocytes from patients compared with controls, indicating metabolic impairment. Monocytes are a component of the monocyte-macrophage system, which includes Kupffer's cells. Impairment of the function of these cells, which have a pivotal role in clearing portal blood, might well be extremely important in the development of chronic liver disease. PMID- 6784807 TI - Human insulin: study of safety and efficacy in man. AB - The safety and efficacy of a new highly purified neutral soluble human insulin produced by conversion of porcine insulin was compared with a highly purified neutral soluble porcine insulin in six normal men. The insulins were administered by subcutaneous injection at a dose of 0.075 U/kg body weight. Somatostatin was infused during the experiment to suppress endogenous insulin secretin. No difference was found in the plasma glucose, insulin, or metabolite responses. Thus the potency, onset, and duration of effect were identical with the two insulins. No short-term side effects to either insulin were observed. Highly purified, semi-synthetic human insulin offers a safe and effective means to explore the possible advantages of homologous human insulin in the management of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6784809 TI - Is your enema really necessary? AB - Two hundred and seventy-four women admitted for delivery of singleton infants were studied for the effects of a preparatory enema on faecal contamination, duration of labour, and the incidence of infection in the newborn. Altogether 149 of the women were given an enema (controls) and 125 were not. The two groups showed no significant difference in the degree of faecal contamination during the first and second stages of labour, and the incidences of gross contamination were similar. Contamination after an enema was especially difficult to control, since it was more likely to be fluid. Seven neonates in each group showed evidence of infection, bowel organisms being isolated from four in the no-enema group and two in the control group. Durations of labour, though not strictly comparable, were similar in the two groups. The findings suggest that when preparing for normal labour the enema should be reserved for women who have not had their bowels open in the past 24 hours and have an obviously loaded rectum on initial pelvic examination. PMID- 6784808 TI - Leucocyte cation transport in essential hypertension: its relation to the renin angiotensin system. AB - Leucocyte cation transport measured when patients received a normal sodium intake and the response of the renin-angiotensin system to changes in sodium intake were studied in 22 patients with essential hypertension. The rate constant for total leucocyte sodium efflux measured during a normal diet was significantly correlated with the plasma renin activity measured during a low sodium diet. Impairment of leucocyte sodium transport was significantly greater in eight patients whose plasma renin activity failed to rise into the normal range during the low sodium diet as compared with the 14 other patients, whose renin system responded normally to sodium restriction. These results provide further suggestive evidence for the hypothesis that there is a circulating sodium transport inhibitor that may be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 6784810 TI - Family with raised serum alkaline phosphatase activity in the absence of disease. PMID- 6784812 TI - Serum ferritin and rheumatoid disease. PMID- 6784811 TI - Raised plasma renin activity in the hypertension of the Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6784813 TI - High-density lipoprotein and other risk factors for coronary artery disease assessed by angiography. PMID- 6784814 TI - Management of hereditary angio-oedema with low-dose danazol. PMID- 6784815 TI - Enterotoxic effect of methotrexate: does it influence the drug's absorption in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia? PMID- 6784816 TI - Cardiovascular disease and hormone replacement treatment: a pilot case-control study. PMID- 6784817 TI - Impact of therapeutic audit on phenytoin prescribing. PMID- 6784819 TI - Dealing with fear of failure. PMID- 6784818 TI - Eye screening in general practice with the Arden grating test. PMID- 6784820 TI - The way it used to be. PMID- 6784821 TI - Urgent admissions to a large general hospital. PMID- 6784822 TI - ABC of blood pressure management. Investigation. PMID- 6784823 TI - Helping patients with strokes. PMID- 6784824 TI - Tuberculosis among Vietnamese refugees. PMID- 6784825 TI - How to take blood from patients who have hepatitis B. PMID- 6784826 TI - Secretory otitis media and grommets. PMID- 6784827 TI - Brain death in three neurosurgical units. PMID- 6784829 TI - Nose bleeds. PMID- 6784828 TI - The oesophageal obturator airway. PMID- 6784830 TI - Difficulty in swallowing. PMID- 6784831 TI - "Lead poisoning London?". PMID- 6784832 TI - Beta-blockade in asthma. PMID- 6784833 TI - Chronic cyanide intoxication. PMID- 6784834 TI - Multisystem disorder after exposure to paint stripper (Nitromors) PMID- 6784835 TI - Insulin injections and infections. PMID- 6784836 TI - Patient reactions to long-term treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. PMID- 6784837 TI - Exaggerated hyperkalaemia in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 6784838 TI - Leucocyte scanning in abdominal surgery. PMID- 6784839 TI - British and American health care systems: a comparative economic perspective. PMID- 6784840 TI - Administration of family practitioner services in reorganised NHS. PMID- 6784842 TI - Understanding hepatic regeneration. PMID- 6784841 TI - Mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 6784843 TI - Patient participation: more pipedream than practice? PMID- 6784844 TI - Death of a quango. PMID- 6784845 TI - Painful iceberg. PMID- 6784846 TI - Prognosis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 6784847 TI - Thomas Lewis and clinical research. PMID- 6784848 TI - Corticosteroid resistance in chronic asthma. AB - Fifty-eight patients with chronic asthma in whom airflow obstruction was relieved by bronchodilator aerosols but not by oral corticosteroids were compared with 58 other chronic asthmatics who responded equally well to both treatments. The two groups were matched for age and sex. The only significant clinical differences between the two groups were that in the "corticosteroid-resistant" patients there was a more frequent family history of asthma and a longer duration of symptoms. Resistant patients also had a relatively lower peak expiratory flow rate in the morning than later in the day and a greater degree of bronchial reactivity to methacholine. Such features, however, may not be specific criteria of corticosteroid resistance since they were also observed in untreated asthmatics who subsequently responded well to corticosteroids. The failure of prednisolone to inhibit a monocyte-mediated bronchial reaction may explain why some chronic asthmatics do not respond to corticosteroids. Patients with corticosteroid resistant asthma should be recognised at an early stage so that regular treatment with oral corticosteroids may be withdrawn. Failure to do this results in needless exposure to the risk of developing serious side effects. PMID- 6784850 TI - Intramuscular cimetidine is safe and acceptable. PMID- 6784851 TI - Familial colorectal cancer and hereditary brachydactyly. PMID- 6784849 TI - Multimodal treatment in operable breast cancer: five-year results of the CMF programme. AB - The five-year results of a prospective randomised trial of radical mastectomy (179 patients) versus radical mastectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy (207 patients) were analysed. Chemotherapy consisted of 12 monthly cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF). Both relapse-free survival (controls 44.6%, CMF group 59.5%) and total survival (controls 66.2%, CMF group 78.4%) were significantly improved. The findings were related to the number of diseased axillary nodes and amount of drug administered, and were independent of CMF-induced amenorrhoea. Menopausal state alone appeared to affect the five-year results only when the amount of drug administered was not taken into account. Salvage treatment at first relapse failed to improve total survival in the controls compared with the CMF group. Acute toxic manifestations were moderate and reversible. Chronic organ damage and increased incidence of second neoplasms (controls 1.7%, CMF group 1.4%) were not observed. The multimodality approach to treatment of primary breast cancer is a new and important advance. This and other studies are continuing. PMID- 6784852 TI - Synergistic action of metolazone with "loop" diuretics. PMID- 6784853 TI - Association between Stevens-Johnson syndrome and benoxaprofen. PMID- 6784854 TI - Failure of ejaculation with indoramin. PMID- 6784855 TI - Scombrotoxic atrial flutter. PMID- 6784856 TI - Vaginismus. PMID- 6784857 TI - Medical records. VI: Middle-sized group practice. PMID- 6784858 TI - A night at the opera: RSM meeting on delivering primary care in inner cities. PMID- 6784859 TI - Compensation for drug injury. Problems both sides of the Atlantic. PMID- 6784861 TI - Cancer and communication: information-giving in an oncology clinic. PMID- 6784860 TI - Two decades of change: Glenside Hospital population surveys 1960-80. AB - Results of the fifth quinquennial survey of the patients of Glenside Hospital, Bristol, when compared with five yearly surveys over the past 20 years, show that the "run-down" of the hospital continues. There is still an accumulation of long stay patients, mainly for non-medical reasons. They remain in hospital because of the failure to provide community facilities adequate to their needs. It is suggested that local authorities will never be able to cope with them and that the NHS should be enabled to extend their hospital services into "nursing homes" in the community. PMID- 6784862 TI - Ultrasound of the gall bladder: experience in a district hospital. AB - In a retrospective survey performed to assess the reliability of ultrasound of the gall bladder in a district hospital the radiologists performing the examinations had little or no previous experience in non-obstetric ultrasound. In 142 patients who had the presence or absence of gall stones proved by surgery gall stones had been correctly predicted in 84% of patients with stones and absent in 64% of those without. This compares favourably with earlier reports from North America, and shows that ultrasound of the gall bladder is useful, even when staff experience is limited. PMID- 6784863 TI - Broaden your mind, narrow your chances? Reflections on short-term medical work in the developing world. PMID- 6784864 TI - Teaching and service. PMID- 6784865 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6784866 TI - Aspirin and the stomach. PMID- 6784868 TI - After gastrectomy. PMID- 6784867 TI - Mefenamic acid nephropathy. PMID- 6784869 TI - Long survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 6784870 TI - Age of mothers with breast cancer and sex of their children. PMID- 6784871 TI - Depression of cellular immunity as an index of malnutrition in surgical patients. PMID- 6784872 TI - Tea consumption: a cause of constipation. PMID- 6784873 TI - Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6784874 TI - Late appearance of pneumothorax after subclavian vein catheterization: an anaesthetic hazard. PMID- 6784875 TI - Oral progesterone. PMID- 6784876 TI - Treatment of vasospastic disease with prostaglandin E1. PMID- 6784877 TI - Do fetal movements reflect fetal wellbeing? PMID- 6784878 TI - Drug prevention of malaria. PMID- 6784879 TI - Campylobacter infections, 1977-80. PMID- 6784881 TI - An immunospecific double-staining procedure for rapid quantitative assessment of dissociation in Brucella cultures. PMID- 6784880 TI - A lack of readily demonstrable virus antigens in the tissues of rabbits and cattle infected with malignant catarrhal fever virus. PMID- 6784882 TI - The relation between the type of delivery and the acid-base and plasma cortisol levels of the newborn calf. PMID- 6784883 TI - A comparison of the pH, pCO2, pO2 and total CO2 content in blood from the brachial and caudal auricular arteries in normal cattle. PMID- 6784884 TI - Tanycytes and their relation to the hypophyseal gonadotrophic function. AB - It is shown by the enzyme-histochemical method that after prenatal androgenization (the administration of 25 mg testosterone propionate to the mother on the 19th day of pregnancy) female rats lose the sex differences in the age dynamics of the activity of some dehydrogenases in the beta 1-tanycytes, which were detected earlier in the 'critical period'. The data of the present study are regarded as further evidence in favor of the earlier advanced assumption of beta 1-tanycyte hypersensitivity to the sex hormones. The authors develop an original hypothesis on the possible role of beta 1-tanycytes in the feedback control of gonadoliberin release from the nerve terminals of the median eminence. PMID- 6784885 TI - Human epileptic neurons studied in vitro. AB - The in vitro neocortical brain slice technique was used to study electrophysiological properties of neurons from brain biopsies in 10 patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for a variety of conditions, including focal epilepsy. The principal finding was the occurrence of orthodromically evoked depolarization shifts (DSs) and burst discharges in a proportion of neurons in slices from epileptogenic cortex. These evoked depolarizations and bursts had a number of properties in common with those from experimental epileptogenic foci in neocortex, including large amplitude and prolonged duration; long and variable latencies; and all or none, threshold type behavior, dependent on the parameters of orthodromic stimulation. Also DSs could not be evoked by intracellular stimulation, or blocked by hyperpolarizing current pulses once they had been orthodromically evoked. Responses of DSs to current thus differed markedly from those of neurons in epileptogenic guinea pig hippocampal slices. The results of these experiments suggest that intracellular events in human neurons involved in epileptogenesis are similar in appearance to those in various animal models. Neurons in chronic epileptogenesis are similar in appearance to those in various animal models. Neurons in chronic epileptogenic foci retain some of their abnormal properties within brain slices maintained in vitro. PMID- 6784886 TI - Studies related to the blood-brain barrier to monoamines and protein in pia arachnoid cultures. PMID- 6784887 TI - Responses to cortical injury: II. Widespread depression of the activity of an enzyme in cortex remote from a focal injury. AB - As a part of a broader study of the reaction of the brain to injury, we report here an interesting loss of the activity of an enzyme in areas quite remote from the site of direct injury. At 36 h following a laceration or contusion injury to the hindpaw area of the motor cortex, a peculiar loss of staining for the enzyme alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) was noted. alpha-GPDH activity was markedly depressed in cortical layers II and III throughout the hemisphere on the side of the injury. The depression of alpha-GPDH activity extended far laterally across the rhinal fissure into the pyriform cortex. The decrease in alpha-GPDH staining was prominent 4 days after the injury: however, the staining pattern had returned to normal at 9 days. Enzyme changes in animals lesioned in the occipital cortex paralleled that seen in animals with a lesion in the motor cortex. Animals which had received an undercut lesion in the motor cortex 56 days earlier were contused in the occipital cortex. The old injury site presented the same sequelae of changes as seen in other lesioned animals. Additionally, a suction ablation injury involving only a small part of motor cortex resulted in the same widespread reduction of staining for alpha-GPDH in layers II and III. The derangement in energy metabolism suggests that cells in layers II and III of the cerebral cortex may be particularly vulnerable to perturbations induced by cortical trauma. These findings may be related to the diffuse and transient functional losses observed after head injury in man. PMID- 6784888 TI - [Genetics in eye diseases]. PMID- 6784889 TI - Cancer chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6784890 TI - What is the best test to detect prostate cancer? AB - The data accumulated during screening of these 300 men suggest that the digital rectal examination is the most efficient test for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. This test is universally available, because physicians believe that it should routinely be performed as part of the physical examination of every man, particularly for men over the age of 40. The digital rectal examination provides useful clinical information about the rectum, anal sphincter, and the quality of stool. Its diagnostic accuracy is unexcelled by more recent, complex, and expensive tests. Finally, in this age of escalating medical costs and physician accountability for these costs, you can't beat the price of the digital rectal examination. PMID- 6784891 TI - Alcohol as a primary risk factor in oral squamous carcinoma. AB - This case-control study investigates the role of alcohol as a primary risk factor in the development of oral cancer. A total of 181 patients diagnosed as having squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity were interviewed, and 497 controls. The relative risk for drinkers adjusted for smoking was 3.3, 15.2, and 10.6 for those who drank less than six, six to nine, and 10 or more whiskey equivalents (WEs) a day, respectively. The relative risk for smokers adjusted for drinking rose only from 3.2 to 4.5 to 5.0 for smokers of 10 to 19, 20 to 39, and 40 or more cigarettes a day, respectively. Beer/wine drinkers had much higher relative risks than the whiskey drinkers. The adjusted relative risk for whiskey drinkers consuming 10 or more WEs a day was 7.3; the adjusted relative risk for beer/wine drinkers consuming 10 or more WEs a day was 20.4. These results indicate that drinkers of six or more WEs a day may be at greater risk than smokers of 40 or more cigarettes a day, and that beer and wine may be greater risk factors than whiskey in the development of oral cancer. PMID- 6784892 TI - Classics in oncology. Portrait of Arthur M. Sutherland, M.D. PMID- 6784893 TI - Classics in oncology. Psychological impact of cancer and its therapy. Arthur M. Sutherland, M.D. PMID- 6784895 TI - Cancer in an automotive worker. PMID- 6784894 TI - Chronic myelocytic leukemia developing as a second cancer in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6784896 TI - Irradiation for early breast cancer. PMID- 6784897 TI - Plasma levels and cardiovascular effect of nitroglycerin in pregnant sheep. AB - The cardiovascular effects and blood levels of intravenous nitroglycerin in mother and foetus were studied in normotensive and hypertensive ewes. Although nitroglycerin produced a reduction in uterine blood flow following a decrease in blood pressure, there was little if any incidence of adverse effects in the foetus. Nitroglycerin was detected in all but two samples of foetal arterial blood but the foetal/maternal artery ratio was only 0.04. Nitroglycerin merits further evaluation for the treatment of acute hypertensive episodes in the preeclamptic patient. PMID- 6784898 TI - Studies on the pargyline-binding site of different types of monoamine oxidase. AB - [3H]Pargyline has been covalently linked to active sites of both type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) obtained from various tissues. Rat heart and human placenta were chosen to represent predominantly type A MAO, pig and bovine livers to represent type B MAO, and rat liver and brain to represent mixed type A and type B MAO's. The [3H]pargyline-MAO adducts were isolated and hydrolyzed by proteolytic enzymes, and the labelled peptides (pargyline-binding sites) separated and compared by paper chromatography and by paper electrophoresis at various pH values. Only one common pargyline peptide was obtained from all the different MAO's. The alternative A and B sites were assessed after preincubation of rat liver MAO with the selective inhibitors deprenyl (to block the B site) and clorgyline (to block the A site). Following proteolysis of the [3H]pargyline of both type A and type B MAO from this pretreated rat liver, MAO has been purified by a series of chromatographic and electrophoretic procedures. Micro-Edman degradation, followed by dansylation, revealed the amino acid sequence to be Ser Gly-Gly-Cys(X)-Tyr. It is concluded that the primary structures immediately surrounding the pargyline-binding sites are identical for both type A and type B MAO in these tissues. PMID- 6784899 TI - Comparison of cartilage structural glycoproteins with matrix proteins and fibronectin. AB - After extraction of proteoglycans and soluble matrix proteins from canine puppy rib cartilage, with 4 M guanidine . HCl, the insoluble collagen-containing residue has been shown to contain two collagenase-resistant structural glycoproteins, A and G. The characteristic subunits of these insoluble structural glycoproteins have been identified by solubilizing them with 50 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 8 M urea and comparing the SDS disc gel patterns with those of more readily soluble matrix proteins. Three subunit bands which did not occur in gels from the soluble matrix proteins were found in the solubilized material from both the collagen-containing residue and the structural glycoproteins. One band, of about 87 000 daltons, was found equally in both A and G glycoproteins. The other two bands formed a closely spaced doublet, of about 30 000 and 27 500 daltons, of which the lower band is present in higher concentration in G. Although none of these SDS gel bands corresponds with the 220 000 dalton band produced by pure fibronectin under the same conditions, a fraction of the solubilized glycoprotein material resembles fibronectin in showing an affinity for collagen, fibrinogen, heparin, and an antibody to plasma fibronectin. Crude fibronectin from human plasma contains minor components (including one of about 87 000 daltons) which show partial identify in immunodiffusion reactions with components of the solubilized cartilage structural glycoproteins. Solubilized A gave a stronger reaction with anti-plasma fibronectin than did G and the soluble matrix proteins have no reaction. It is possible either that the intercellular structural glycoproteins are formed by selection of some of the partial cleavage products of fibronectin which occur in connective tissues as well as in plasma, or that cleavage products of tissue structural glycoproteins occur in plasma which cross-react with anti-plasma fibronectin. PMID- 6784900 TI - Effect of mineralocorticoids on collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit. AB - The purpose of this study was to elucidate the mechanism whereby a potassium infusion led to an elevation in the urine minus blood (ohm-B) PCO2 difference in alkaline urine of the rabbit. Rabbits given 9alpha-fluorohydrocortisone 16 h prior to study had a significantly high olm-B PCO2 than control rabbits. However, the ohm-B PCO2 was increased further after potassium infusion. These results suggest that the increased collecting duct hydrogen ion secretion in the rabbit may in part have been induced by mineralocorticoids and in addition been influenced by increasing the potassium concentration. PMID- 6784901 TI - The postexcitatory effects of acidic amino acids on spinal neurones. AB - The excitation of some neurones in the spinal cord of rats by L-glutamate and L aspartate is followed by a period of reduced excitability. This effect is not observed after excitation by D-glutamate nor, in the case of Renshaw cells, by acetylcholine. The depressions following L-glutamate were reduced by bicuculline and those after aspartate by strychnine, suggesting that they may have been caused through decarboxylation of the excitatory amino acids to yield the inhibitory compounds gamma-aminobutyric acid and beta-alanine, respectively. PMID- 6784902 TI - Renal acidification in the hypothyroid rat. Evaluation by urinary CO2 tension. AB - We have previously demonstrated an abnormal renal response to chronic acid loading in the hypothyroid rat. The present study was designed to characterize further this defect by examining the renal response to bicarbonate loading. Hypothyroidism was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of Na131I and animals were studied 10 or more weeks thereafter under anesthesia and compared with their age-matched littermates. Insulin clearance of hypothyroid animals was lower and fractional urine flow and sodium excretion rates were higher than in the control rats. At the time of maximal urinary bicarbonate levels, the urine PCO2 exceeded blood values (U - B PCO2) by 41 plus or minus 2 (mean plus or minus SE) mmHg (1 mmHg equals 133.22 Pa) in the controls and 25 plus or minus mmHg in the hypothyroid rats (p less than 0.001). Although maximal urinary bicarbonate concentrations achieved during bicarbonate loading were lower in the hypothyroid animals. U - B PCO2 was consistently less in controls when compared at similar urine bicarbonate concentrations. Thus, the difference in U - B PCO2 was not explained by lower urinary bicarbonate concentrations in the hypothyroid animals. Maximal U - B PCO2 during neutral phosphate loading was significantly less in the hypothyroid rats (38 plus or minus 2 mmHg) than in the controls (68 plus or minus 5 mmHg), p less than 0.001, arguing against a gradient defect of distal hydrogen ion handling. These data indicate that hypothyroid rats exhibit an impairment of distal hydrogen ion secretion. PMID- 6784903 TI - Effect of therapy on cerebral blood flow following aneurysm surgery. AB - The authors report on a patient with a ruptured anterior communicating aneurysm treated surgically on the day following her subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Repeated measurements of cerebral blood flow (rCBF) were carried out using the inhalational Xenon 133 method. Dramatic acute increases in rCBF occurred, coincident with clinical improvement, following mannitol, CSF drainage and dopamine. Later, further elevation to normal levels occurred following ventriculoperitoneal shunting. PMID- 6784904 TI - Valproic acid and plasma levels of primidone and derived phenobarbital. AB - Five patients were studied to determine whether kinetic interaction occurs between valproic acid and primidone. During concurrent administration of primidone and valproic acid no significant interaction was observed. Primidone and derived phenobarbital levels did not change significantly. No adjustment of primidone dose was required when valproic acid was used as adjunctive therapy. PMID- 6784905 TI - The case for perioperative antibiotics. PMID- 6784906 TI - Management of duodenal fistulas. AB - A review of records of 27 patients with duodenal fistulas admitted to St. Joseph's Health Centre in Toronto since 1969, when total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was instituted, showed that in 19 patients the fistula formed after gastric resection, pyloroplasty or transduodenal sphincteroplasty. The remaining fistulas resulted from delayed presentation of perforated duodenal ulcers, trauma suffered in motor vehicle accidents and disease in neighbouring organs. Management included early nasogastric suctioning, withholding oral intake, draining the fistula contents, protecting the skin effectively, replacing fluid and electrolytes and administering TPN to suppress secretions and to promote anabolism. In seven patients who had associated duodenal obstruction in this intensely inflamed area, a gastrojejunostomy was performed. In no instance was a direct attack made on the fistula. In 25 patients (92.6%) the fistula healed spontaneously in an average of 21 days. Two patients (7.4%) died with patent fistulas. It appears that a direct surgical attack on duodenal fistulas is rarely necessary. With appropriate management, the majority will heal spontaneously. Total parenteral nutrition is the cornerstone of therapy and gastrojejunostomy is invaluable in certain cases. PMID- 6784907 TI - Clinical trials with the hexitol derivatives in the U.S. AB - Three hexitol derivatives, dibromomannitol (DBM), dibromodulcitol (DBD), and dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), originally investigated in Hungary, have been evaluated as anticancer agents in the United States. Their principal mechanism of action is attributed to alkylation via actual or derived epoxide groups. Their preclinical spectrum includes activity against murine leukemias and against the murine ependymoblastoma, which is particularly noteworthy for DAG. Dibromomannitol trials were targeted to chronic myelogenous leukemia but no advantage over busulfan therapy was demonstrable. Dibromodulcitol and DAG were sequentially evaluated for their usefulness against a wide variety of tumors. The activity of DBD against breast cancer has stimulated several continuing trials in this disease. On the other hand, DAG was disappointing in breast cancer and in several other malignancies, but some activity has been noted against lung cancer. Both DBD and DAG are being investigated for possible usefulness in the management of patients with intracranial neoplasms. The present clinical experience does not allow firm judgment on the advantage of one analogue over another. Such comparative analysis does point out the desirable direction of future studies as well as the limitations of current preclinical systems for the selection of analogues. PMID- 6784908 TI - Clinical evaluation of intraoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the urinary bladder. AB - Intraoperative radiotherapy using one shot high dose electron irradiation was performed for 116 bladder cancer patients as a radical means of treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Additional fractionated external supervoltage irradiation covering the whole bladder was given in most of the cases. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 100%, 100%, and 96.3% for T1 cases and 100%, 87.2%, and 61.6% for T2 cases, respectively. Heterotropic recurrences in the bladder were 5.3% within one year, 9.4% within two years, and 19.3% within five years, respectively. Normal vesical function was well preserved except in five patients who underwent total cystectomy subsequently because of multiple recurrences after radiotherapy and one patient who underwent urinary diversion because of contracted bladder and progressive bilateral hydronephrosis. Intraoperative radiotherapy was established as a reliable and superior method for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer because of the low recurrence rate and good preservation of vesical functions after treatment. PMID- 6784909 TI - Malignant lymphoma presenting in the orbit: a clinicopathologic study of a rare immunoglobulin-producing variant. AB - Malignant lymphoma with orbital presentation and associated serum paraproteinemia has seldom been reported in the literature. We report two such cases of lymphoplasmacytic type, one of which was also associated with amyloidosis. Both cases were studied with immunohistologic and one with electron microscopic techniques with results that confirmed that the neoplastic cells were producing the abnormal serum immunoglobulin. PMID- 6784910 TI - Once weekly total and subtotal skin electron beam therapy for Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - Although Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) usually appears with solitary skin lesions, in a large percentage of these patients the disease progresses eventually to involve large extensive segments of the skin. In the past, the most frequently used approach is the irradiation of isolated lesions as they arose, hence the so called "chasing technique." Since 1971, a technique of once weekly total skin electron beam therapy (TSEB) has been employed at Memorial Hospital for mycosis fungoides and other cutaneous malignancies involving large areas of the body. Four hundred rads once weekly for six to eight consecutive weeks are delivered to the entire skin surface by employing a 3.5 MeV electron beam. Twenty patients with KS treated by this technique have been followed for 12--98 months, median 48 months. Overall response is 100%; 17/20 (85%) obtained complete remission lasting 10--92 months, (median 48 months). PMID- 6784911 TI - Diffuse histiocytic lymphoma with sclerosis: a clinicopathologic entity frequently causing superior venacaval obstruction. AB - Of 107 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) seen at the University of Chicago, 14 (13%) were classified as having moderate to marked sclerosis. Three of the 14 (21%) had predominantly retroperitoneal masses. Fifty percent of our group, however, had bulky disease seen predominantly or exclusively in the mediastinum, and all of these individuals had superior venacaval (SVC) obstruction. Of the seven patients with SVC syndrome, three were in Pathologic Stage IIA, three were in Clinical Stage II, and only one was in Clinical Stage IIIA. No other patients with DHL displayed SVC obstruction or predominantly mediastinal disease. Five of seven patients with SVC syndrome had large cleaved cell histology. In spite of an apparently favorable histopathologic subtype and a tendency to localized involvement, patients with DHL and sclerosis who have bulky or disseminated disease appear to be resistant to megavoltage radiotherapy alone and relatively resistant to combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6784912 TI - Angiosarcoma developing in a patient with Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). AB - The authors present an angiosarcoma of the scrotum and penis. The disease occurred in a 61-year-old man with a long history of neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). The histologic and ultrastructural features are described. The authors speculate that the angiosarcoma, which developed in a location without histologic evidence of neurofibromatosis, possibly represents an expression of an abnormal genome in vascular tissue. The angiosarcoma responded to radiation therapy only temporarily, recurred after surgery, and did not respond to Adriamycin, dactinomycin or cis-platinum. The patient died three years after the onset of his angiosarcoma. PMID- 6784913 TI - Neoplasms induced by megavoltage radiation in the head and neck region. AB - Radiation-induced cancer, although fortunately a rare complication of radiotherapy, is nonetheless observed occasionally even after megavoltage radiation has been used. Over a 22-year period at the Curie Institute, four patients were found to have malignant neoplasms within the fields of megavoltage treatment given for various cancers of the head and neck region. Three of the neoplasms were sarcomas, two osteogenic and one fibrosarcoma, and the other tumor was a sarcomatoid epithelioma. The latent period ranged from 3 1/2-15 years. Although the evidence is strong that the neoplasms were causally related to the precedent irradiation, it is acknowledged that rare examples of the "double primary" phenomenon exist, even separated by five or more years, and that only one such instance would induce a large error in the estimated frequency of postirradiation neoplasms. Because clinical estimates after megavoltage irradiation are usually compounded by an association with a relatively high total absorbed dose, the issue of the incidence of postirradiation neoplasms as a function of the type of external beam (orthovoltage vs. megavoltage) may require resolution by experimental means. Another rare sequela of radiotherapy is injury to a peripheral nerve. One of the four patients with a second neoplasm after radiation also developed left hypoglossal nerve palsy 2 1/2 years post-therapy, and left optic nerve atrophy seven years postradiation treatment of a squamous cell carcinoma of the ethmoid and maxillary sinuses. The 51-year-old patient had received a tumor dose of 6800 rads (2043 rets). PMID- 6784914 TI - Phase I evaluation of ICRF-187 (NSC-169780) in patients with advanced malignancy. AB - ICRF-187 (NSC-169780), the (+) enantiomer of the racemic antineoplastic agent ICRF-159 (NSc-129943), was administered intravenously for five days every three weeks to 18 patients in a phase I study. Leukopenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. Mild reversible elevations in SGOT and bilirubin were common. Other toxicities were mild and infrequent. Recommended doses of ICRF-187 for phase II studies are 800 mg/m2 for heavily pretreated patients and 1250 mg/m2 for patients with little or no prior therapy. A daily five day intravenous schedule should be used. Other potential clinical uses of ICRF-187 are discussed. PMID- 6784915 TI - Radiation therapy for ureteral metastases from breast carcinoma. AB - Seven breast cancer patients received supervoltage radiation therapy in the Department of Radiation Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital from 1970--1978 for ureteral-periureteral metastases. Urinary symptoms (flank pain, urgency, hematuria) disappeared completely and permanently for four of five patients; abnormal pyelograms returned completely to normal for three of three; and abnormal renal function tests for two of two. Six of seven patients survived at least one year after irradiation. Indications for irradiation, dose, and techniques are discussed. PMID- 6784916 TI - Therapeutic use of fractionated total body and subtotal body irradiation. AB - Ninety-one patients were treated using fractionated subtotal body (STBI) or total body irradiation (TBI). These patients had generalized lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, leukemias, myelomas, seminomas, or oat-cell carcinomas. Subtotal body irradiation is delivered to the entire body, except for the skull and extremities. It was expected that a significantly higher radiation dose could be administered with STBI than with TBI. STBI was given when there was a reasonable likelihood that malignancy did not involve the shielded volumes. A five- to ten fold increase in tolerance for STBI was demonstrated. Many of these patients have had long-term (up to 17 year--?permanent) remissions. There is little or no treatment-induced symptomatology, and no "sanctuary sites." STBI and TBI are useful therapeutic modalities for many of these malignancies. PMID- 6784917 TI - Improved chemotherapy for ovarian cancer with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum and adriamycin. AB - In a prospective controlled randomized trial, patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma (FIGO Stage III or IV) were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II), (DDP), alone, DDP and Adriamycin (ADM), or Triethylenethiophosphoramide (ThioTEPA) and methotrexate (MTX). DDP alone produces objective responses in 31% of evaluable patients, ThioTEPA and MTX in 36%. The combination of DDP and ADM produces the best response rate, 80% (.01 less than P less than 0.25). The risk of progression or death is substantially reduced for the two DDP regimens combined when compared with ThioTEPA-MTX (P = .03). Multivariate analysis further suggests the superiority of the two DDP regimens because poorly differentiated tumors and large, greater than 2 cm, residual tumors failed to produce their usual adverse effect on prognosis when patients were treated with the two DDP regimens. Patients with poorly differentiated tumors or tumors of unknown grade treated with platinum or DDP-ADM experienced better survival than similar patients treated with ThioTEPA (P = .01). PMID- 6784918 TI - Inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis by a reduction of fat intake after carcinogen treatment in young versus adult rats. AB - The present study demonstrates that a reduction of fat intake after dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) administration to female Sprague--Dawley rats leads to an inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis. Animals were fed a 20% fat diet from weaning and were transferred to a 0.5% fat diet 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after carcinogen treatment. In rats given DMBA at 50 days of age, the following observations were obtained: (a) tumor incidence, as well as tumor yield, was decreased when the transfer to a low fat diet was initiated up to 4 weeks after DMBA; (b) regardless of fat intake, over 90% of tumors developed in all dietary groups were adenocarcinomas. This was in contrast to rats given DMBA at 150 days of age. In this case (a) a 50% reduction in tumor incidence was apparent when the low fat diet was introduced even 6 weeks after DMBA intubation; and (b) more benign lesions were found and an association between a reduced risk of carcinogenesis and a lower ratio of adenocarcinoma to fibroadenoma seems to exist. Thus, the data demonstrate that the rats were less vulnerable to delays in reduction of fat intake on subsequent inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis than if they were exposed to the carcinogen at an older age. PMID- 6784919 TI - Determination of serum galactosyltransferase levels in ovarian cancer patients for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic programs. AB - The activity of galactosyltransferase using endogenous acceptor(s), (GT-En) in the sera of ovarian cancer patients was significantly higher than age and blood group matched controls. GT-En, and galactosyltransferase activity using an exogenous acceptor (GT-Ex), were assayed in the sera of 30 patients undergoing treatment for ovarian epithelial cancer, at the start of chemotherapy, and after a suitable interval. The direction of the alterations in levels of both these enzymes correctly reflected the clinical response to chemotherapy in most of these patients. The assay of GT-En and GT-Ex in the serum may be useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic programs in these patients. PMID- 6784920 TI - Influence of lithium on mammary tumor growth in vivo. AB - The possibility that lithium ions stimulate growth of mammary tumors in vivo has been suggested by their mitogenic action in vitro on normal and neoplastic mammary epithelium [8] and their clinical use as stimulators of neutrophil production in tumor-bearing patients treated with cytotoxic drugs [14,15]. Three experiments were performed to assess this possibility. Buffalo/N female rats received a single injection of N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) at a dose known to produce mammary carcinomas in about 50% of animals under standard conditions. Under lithium treatment, the incidence of tumors did not increase significantly. Sprague-Dawley female rats treated with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha] anthracene (DMBA), but showing no mammary tumors after 4 months, received lithium in their drinking water for 3 additional months. The number of late-appearing tumors was not increased by lithium treatment. Buffalo/N females with NMU-induced tumors were castrated, and the subsequent changes in tumor volume were compared in lithium-treated and control animals. The regression-regrowth curves were not altered by lithium treatment. These results are in contrast to the growth stimulatory capacity of lithium on mammary epithelium observed in vitro [8] and indicate it is very unlikely that lithium ions have an undesirable growth stimulatory action on primary mammary carcinomas in vivo. PMID- 6784921 TI - Cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (CHAD) as second line chemotherapy for ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - Twenty women with recurrent ovarian adenocarcinoma received a monthly four-drug combination of cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin as second-line chemotherapy. There were no objective responses to this regimen. This is in contrast to the 49% response rate reported by Kane et al using these four drugs and the 63% response rate reported by Vogl et al using three of these drugs as second-line chemotherapy. The differences in the three regimens are reviewed; however, we could not identify reasons sufficient to account for the disparity in response rates. PMID- 6784922 TI - Hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in advanced ovarian cancer resistant to previous chemotherapy. PMID- 6784923 TI - Serum concentrations of 5-FU, ftorafur, and a major serum metabolite following ftorafur chemotherapy. AB - Daily 24-hour serum levels of ftorafur (FT), 5-FU, and a major FT metabolite, dehydroftorafur (DFT), were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography as part of a phase I study designed to evaluate FT as a radiosensitizing 5-FU pro drug in patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancers. At a daily iv bolus FT dose of 1.0 g/m2, 5-FU was not detected in serum concentrations above the reliable assay limits of approximately 25 ng/ml; FT did not generate the extracellular (serum) 5-FU concentrations required for sensitization by 5-FU per se. DFT was present in every patient serum tested and was confirmed to be a metabolite of FT by in vitro conversion to 5-FU. Chemical ionization solid-probe mass spectrometry of the DFT metabolite indicates the dehydro FT structure proposed by other researchers. In six of eight patients monitored, a consistent relationship was noted between serum levels of FT and DFT. PMID- 6784924 TI - High-dose cisplatin therapy using mannitol versus furosemide diuresis: comparative pharmacokinetics and toxicity. AB - The dose-limiting toxic effect of high-dose (100 mg/m2) cisplatin is renal insufficiency. Hydration with furosemide- or mannitol-induced diuresis has been reported to ameliorate this toxicity. Animal studies suggest that mannitol may be superior to furosemide in this regard. Twenty-two patients with advanced neoplasms refractory to conventional therapy were treated with cisplatin at a dose of 100 mg/m2 every 21--28 days. Patients were randomized to receive 37.5 g of mannitol by 6-hour infusion with cisplatin or 40 mg of furosemide prior to cisplatin therapy. Hydration with at least 1 liter of normal saline was given prior to cisplatin. Nephrotoxicity (creatinine greater than 2 mg/100 ml, creatinine clearance greater than 50 ml/minute) occurred in 19% of courses in the furosemide-treated group and in 28% of courses in the mannitol-treated group. Peak plasma platinum concentration, terminal half-life, urinary excretion, and percent protein-bound plasma platinum were similar in both groups. The use of cisplatin at this dose schedule resulted in similar toxicity and pharmacokinetics when using hydration with either furosemide or mannitol. PMID- 6784926 TI - Immunofluorescent and structural features of cells in the intervascular stroma of the amphibian carotid labyrinth. AB - The amphibian carotid labyrinth consists of a pars cavernosa, the main chamber of which is in communication with both the base of the external carotid artery, and the vessels of the labyrinthine pars capillaris. On the walls of the main chamber is a network of thick strands of connective tissue and modified smooth muscle cells surrounding the openings into the p. capillaris. These openings lead into wide-diameter atrial vessels, which in turn branch to form the short narrow diameter vessels. The short vessels form the major component of the labyrinth. A few extremely narrow-diameter vessels are also present. The short vessels open into the roots of the internal carotid artery on the ventral aspect of the carotid labyrinth. The intervascular stroma of the p. capillaris contains numerous stellate and bipolar cells. These cells give a positive response to an immunofluorescent technique specific for smooth muscle myosin and tropomyosin. As the ultrastructural features of these cells are comparable in many respects to smooth muscle, they have been designated as modified smooth muscle cells. It is proposed that these cells act in both an active and passive fashion in maintaining the luminal dimensions of the short vessels relatively constant. PMID- 6784925 TI - Ultrastructural localization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the porcine gonadotropic cells. PMID- 6784927 TI - Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactivity in anuran intestine. AB - Immunocytochemical and radioimmunological techniques with region specific antisera have been used to identify a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like material in the anuran intestine. Seven species of Anura were investigated: Bombina bombina, Alytes obstetricans, Rana temporaria, Rana esculenta, Hyla arborea, Hyla crepitans and Bufo bufo. In five of the species (A. obstetricans, R. temporaria, H. arborea, H. crepitans and B. bufo) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like immunoreactive mucosal endocrine cells and nerve fibres in all layers of the gut wall, were detected by both immunofluorescence and peroxidase antiperoxidase methods. In the other two species, R. esculenta and B. bombina, no mucosal endocrine cells were detected although the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres were plentiful. Radioimmunoassay showed the presence of significant amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide immunoreactivity in intestinal extracts from all species. The highest quantities were present in those anurans with both immunostained cells and nerves. Gel permeation chromatography showed that most of the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like peptide eluted in a position identical to that of natural mammalian (porcine) vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The results indicate that a vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-like peptide is well represented in the Anura and that it is immunologically very similar to the mammalian peptide. PMID- 6784928 TI - New views of the biochemistry of eucaryotic DNA replication revealed by aphidicolin, an unusual inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. PMID- 6784929 TI - Orphons: dispersed genetic elements derived from tandem repetitive genes of eucaryotes. AB - We have discovered in animal cells a novel class of dispersed, solitary genetic elements derived from tandem multigene families. We refer to such displaced elements as orphons. Orphons arise from both protein-coding and non-protein coding structural gene families, including those of histone and ribosomal genes. Southern transfer hybridization experiments, on DNA digested with enzymes that do not cut the major repeat unit of the family of genes of interest, reveal histone gene orphons in the sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus), ribosomal gene orphons in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and ribosomal and H3 histone gene orphons in Drosophila melanogaster. There are more than 50 histone gene orphons in each sea urchin genome. Each of the five histone-coding regions has a number of orphons (5 -20), in addition to the several hundred copies in the clusters that are not cut by Bam HI. Most such orphons appear to contain only one coding region. Nearly all sea urchin histone gene orphon loci are polymorphic in the population; no two individuals have the same sets of histone orphons for any coding region. An H3 coding orphon, pLpH30-1, was isolated from the genome of L. pictus. The H3 region homologous to the histone gene clusters is 1200 bases long and includes the complete early H3 gene and some surrounding histone DNA. THe orphon is flanked by at least 1.7 kb of 5' and 3 kb of 3' nonhistone DNA. These flanking sequences are each moderately repetitive in the genome and are not homologous to each other. The orphon differs less than 2% in base sequence from the analogous region of pLpC and only slightly more from pLpA (the major histone gene clones). DNA sequence analysis of the junctions between the H3 region and the immediate flanking nonhistone DNA reveals no evidence of repetitive or palindromic sequences. PMID- 6784930 TI - Early biochemical events in lymphocyte activation. II. Selectivity of A23187 for T lymphocytes and the use of an apolar fluorescent probe (1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene) to monitor ionophore- and lectin-induced lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6784931 TI - Phorbol myristic acetate enhances the production of interleukin 2. PMID- 6784932 TI - Modulation of lymphocyte activation. II. Alteration of intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations by an oxidation product of arachidonic acid. PMID- 6784933 TI - Shedding of tumor cell surface membranes. AB - Mastocytoma P815 cells are induced to form and shed membrane vesicles (MV) from their surfaces by incubation at low temperature (4 degrees C) for 1 hr. and subsequently allowing them to warm up to room temperature (22 degrees C). Within 1-2 hrs. at room temperature, up to 90% of the P815 cells form and shed MV from their surfaces. Both cells and vesicles remain trypan blue-excluding during the MV shedding process. This process is energy dependent in that it can be inhibited by 2-deoxyglucose, sodium azide and 2-4-dinitrophenol. The shed MV can be harvested by centrifugation on a 6% Ficoll cushion and quantitated in terms of protein content. The shedding of membrane vesicles from the tumor cell surfaces results in a significant reduction in the cell size. PMID- 6784934 TI - Nuclear protein antigens in autoimmune rheumatic and connective tissue diseases. AB - Two nuclear antigens, Sm and RNP, that act as markers in Systemic Rheumatic (SRD) and Connective Tissue Diseases (CTD) have been studied with regard to their composition and biochemical properties. RNP antigen appears to be a 10S nuclear RNP particle containing SnRNA. Sm antigen, formerly considered to be a protein, may also contain RNA. Although both antigens are considered to be saline soluble, evidence suggests that they are part of a nuclear structure that is only slowly dissociated under isotonic conditions. PMID- 6784935 TI - Growth and surface properties of dispase dissociated human fibroblasts. AB - The dissociation of human fibroblast cultures with the bacterial neutral protease (Dispase II) was monitored by viability and growth measurement and was compared to the effect of trypsin and EDTA. Cell suspensions with high viability and excellent growth were obtained after 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C in 4 U/ml dispase in 0.02% EDTA. A two to three-fold increase in mitotic index occurred in the cultures within 48 h after dispase dissociation. The initial rate of aggregation was comparable to that of trypsin or EDTA dissociated cells, but attachment to a substratum and agglutination by Wheat Germ Agglutinin were markedly enhanced. The results indicate that dispase-EDTA provides a valuable alternative to the enzymatic dissociation with trypsin. Moreover, it is an additional tool for the dissociation of cultured cells and for the study of the surface properties of single cells. PMID- 6784936 TI - Immunoelectronmicroscopy of the binding of high density lipoprotein apoproteins to normal and hypercholesterolemic human fibroblasts. AB - We visualized the apolipoproteins of high density lipoproteins (HDL) that were bound to culture human fibroblasts at the ultrastructural level, with an immunoenzymecytochemical method. By using antisera against (a) apolipoprotein AI (a major apolipoprotein of HDL) and (b) apolipoprotein E (an apolipoprotein present in HDLc), the binding of HDL at 4 degrees C to indentations of the plasma membrane could be demonstrated. The binding of HDL to fibroblasts obrained from a patient homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia proved to be indistinguishable from the binding of normal fibroblasts. PMID- 6784937 TI - Location and release of TRH and 5-HT from amphibian skin. AB - The occurrence and release of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from amphibian skin have been described by previous investigators. In the present study, the precise location and site of release of TRH and 5-HT from the skin of Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis have been examined using a combination of procedures including immunohistochemistry, HPLC, and radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that TRH is located specifically within the dermal glands of these species, and that both TRH and 5-HT are discharged from these glands following adrenergic stimulation. The origin and functional significance of these substances in amphibian skin granular glands are discussed. PMID- 6784938 TI - Inhibition of RNA synthesis in yeast protoplasts by a peptide factor from Tetrahymena cells. AB - Protoplasts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, grown on a rich nutrient medium, were treated with a peptide factor isolated from cultures of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. The peptide factor is known to inhibit RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena. It has now been shown that the peptide factor also inhibits RNA synthesis in yeast protoplasts without affecting protein synthesis. PMID- 6784939 TI - Activation of aflatoxin B1 by primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes: effects of hepatocyte density. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes readily activate aflatoxin B1 as determined by bacterial mutagenesis (Ames test) and the extent of apparent covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 residues to hepatocyte macromolecules. For intact cultures inoculated with 3 X 10(5)-3 X 10(6) cells/dish, the efficiency of activation decreases with increasing cell density whereas permeabilized hepatocytes prepared from similarly-handled monolayer cultures show with increasing protein proportional increases in the capacity to activate aflatoxin B1. The density effect observed with intact cultured hepatocytes appears not to be due to substrate (aflatoxin B1) or oxygen depletion. These findings have apparent relevance to studies of carcinogen metabolism and in the design of carcinogen/mutagen testing protocols which utilize cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 6784940 TI - [Incidence and clinical aspects of intestinal coccidiosis in a tropical medicine practice]. AB - The microscopic investigation of 3 500 faecal samples with a method of concentration combining the ether treatment and flottation, has allowed to spot 5 cases (out of 700) of isosporosis (Isospora belli) among subjects coming all from the tropical area and showing an occasionally serious symptomatology which has been treated by tinidazole. Besides 2% samples were infested by Sarcocystis hominis. The subjects affected were also from tropical origin, but did not present clinical disorders directly to be attributed to this parasite. These observations permit to review the last bibliography and to make a parasitological and clinical review in the field of coccidiosis. PMID- 6784941 TI - [Ocular manifestations accompanying congenital biliary duct hypoplasia]. PMID- 6784942 TI - [A rare cause of pediatric secondary glaucoma, nevoxanthoendothelioma of the iris]. PMID- 6784943 TI - [Simple and synergistic motor effects, induced by the stimulation of the dentate nucleus, in the awake baboon. Determination of the area of hand control]. AB - In the Baboon, two regions could be distinguished within the dentate nucleus according to the complexity of motor effects induced through localised electrical stimulation. (a) A rostromedial region, from which synergistic effects were elicited. This part mainly controls proximal muscles. (b) A caudolateral region from which simple movements were induced. A separate area for hand control could be identified within this part of the nucleus. PMID- 6784944 TI - [Secondary and topographic structure of ribosomal RNA 16S of Escherichia coli]. AB - We present a model for the secondary structure of 16S ribosomal RNA from E. coli. This model has been deduced by restricting the total number of theoretical base pairings using the following criteria: (1) susceptibility of residues towards enzymatic probes that are specific for either paired or single stranded regions; (2) reactivity of certain residues to chemical modification; (3) evidence for medium and long range interactions; (4) comparative analysis of ribosomal RNA sequences from other organisms. PMID- 6784945 TI - [Formation of trypsin inhibitors during alkaline treatment of proteins]. AB - Casein is submitted to a severe alkaline treatment (NaOH 0,2 or 0,5 N, 1 hr., 80 degrees C). The hydrolysis by pancreatic enzymes (trypsin or chymotrypsin) is reduced in vitro and, in the case of the more severe treatment, stopped. After an extended (24 hrs.) trypsin and pronase hydrolysis, it is shown, by affinity chromatography, that peptides, which are not hydrolysable, can bind to trypsin and inactivate this enzyme in vitro. PMID- 6784946 TI - [Analogies between "fraction P" with immunosuppressive properties in pregnant females and a protein fraction induced by estradiol treatment in the amphibian Salamandra salamandra L]. AB - A "fraction P" analogue possessing immunosuppressive properties during pregnancy in the Salamandra, can be induced by treating males and females with oestradiol. Both fractions possess the same physiochemical characteristics, and equally react against a Rabbit immune serum anti "fraction P" of pregnant Salamandra. But the proteic fraction induced by hormonal treatment does immunosuppressive properties. PMID- 6784947 TI - [Secretion of a granular colony-stimulating factor by an adherent layer of long term hematopoietic bone marrow cultures in mice]. AB - The presence of a CSF activity in long term bone marrow cultures in Mice was not described until now. Using a double layer agar technique directly on the adherent layers of the cultures, a strong CSF activity is detected in these adherent layers, before recharging the cultures at the third week, or when the cultures are not recharged. The role of this activity in long term myelopoiesis maintenance in vitro is discussed. PMID- 6784948 TI - [Treatment of infectious coryza and persistent allergic rhinitis with thermotherapy]. AB - Local hyperthermia--insufflation in the upper respiratory paths of humidified air at 43 degrees C, three 30 min sessions at 2-3 hrs. interval--cures a high percentage of infective Coryza and exerts a prolonged beneficial effect on an important fraction of persistent allergic rhinitis. PMID- 6784949 TI - [Inhibitory effect of cytembena (sodium-cis-beta-methoxybenzoyl-beta bromoacrylate) on the cell kinetics of HeLa cells in culture]. AB - The inhibiting effect of Cytembena on HeLa cell kinetics has been demonstrated and analyzed. The percentage of cycling cells decreases, according to the concentration, between 7.5 and 2.5 x 10(-5) M. Estimation of DNA by cell flow cytophotometry shows an important shift in the distribution of cycling cells with a relative decrease of G1 cells and a very important accumulation of G2 cells. According to our experimental conditions, the blocking up in G2 is irreversible only at 7.5 x 10(-5) M. PMID- 6784950 TI - [Optic microscope observations on changes in enamel and dentin induced by laser beams]. AB - By a laser beam, enamel and dentin are changed into an identical crystalline structure observed in reflected light and described as recrystallisation after fusion. The Vickers pyramidal numbers of these areas are the same as the mature enamel surface (590 VPN). The theoretical calculation proved that after irradiation in enamel there is an elevation of temperature about 2,5 degrees C through 3 mm. These observations suggest that new operative techniques might be possible. PMID- 6784951 TI - [Uterine state of non-receptivity: demonstration of an ovotoxic substance (blastocidine) in rats]. AB - Fluid obtained from Rat uteri during the uterine state of non-receptivity refractory for nidation, contains a substance of about 700 dalton (blastocidin) which exerts a lethal effect on Rat blastocysts in vitro. PMID- 6784953 TI - [New data on the circadian cycle of Plasmodium. Preliminary note]. AB - A frozen strain of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis is inoculated at 4 pm, midnight and 9 am onto inbred Mice. In all instances young gametocytes (type 0) appear in the blood only between 10 am and 6 pm. Although the erythrocytic schizogony occurs regularly during the whole circadian period, the latency increases progressively when the infective subinoculations are made at midnight, 4 pm and 9 am. Possibly, the infective merozoite can only enter the red blood cell around midnight. PMID- 6784952 TI - [Structural similarities between the hypocalcemia hormone of the corpuscles of Stannius of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) and the mammalian parathyroid hormone]. AB - Extracts of the corpuscules of Stannius enhance Eel gill calcium efflux and increase bone resorption in the Rat. Thus the hormone is hypocalcaemic in the Eel although hypercalcaemic in the Rat. We show here that a 15 min. pulse perfusion of a synthetic fragment of human PTH 1-34 had a similar effect on gill calcium fluxes to that of CS extract. Further, we found that Eel plasma contains a substance reacting with five different antibodies against bovine PTH. The concentration of this plasma material is enhanced seven-fold by parenteral calcium and rendered extremely low or absent by CS removal. A convenient name for this major calcium-regulating hormone is parathyrine of the corpuscles of Stannius (PCS) since this reflects both its glandular source and chemical structure. PMID- 6784954 TI - [Diminution of the extracellular concentration of calcium ions during focal epileptic crisis induced by enanthotoxin in the cat cortex]. AB - OEnanthotoxin applied locally onto the Cat cortex produced a long-lasting epileptic focus. The basic cortical level of extracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]e) was decreased before the actual onset of paroxysmal discharges. In the active focus the [Ca2+]e decrease induced by a cortical or a thalamic stimulation was larger than in normal cortex. Maximal decreases were found at a depth of 300 micrometer below cortical surface. It is suggested that at this cortical level calcium conductances are increased by oenanthotoxin. This increase may be one of the mechanisms of onset of epileptic seizures. PMID- 6784955 TI - [Initial results of dynamic gamma-tomography of heat cavities]. AB - After blood pool labeling using technetium albumin, 32 scintigraphic projections are recorded by means of a rotating gamma-camera. An electrocardiographic multi gating acquisition procedure selects the dynamic pictures during the cardiac cycle of the patient. The computer processing of this set of data and the reconstruction of multiple tomographic slices through the thorax allow a precise kinetic analysis of the cardiac walls. PMID- 6784956 TI - [Production of histamine and histamine-producing cell stimulating factor (HCSF) by leukocytes incubated with concanavalin A. Effect of presensitization by a skin allograft]. AB - The production of histamine is increased during Con A stimulation of normal spleen cells. This phenomenon results from the action of a factor released by stimulated lymphocytes. The factor is probably HCSF (Histamine-producing Cell Stimulating Factor) that we have previously described in supernatants of mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 6784957 TI - [Increase in endogenous testosterone in the hypothalamus of the male rat at birth]. AB - The evolution of serum and hypothalamic concentrations of endogenous testosterone was measured in newborn male and female Rats, from 0 up to 6 hrs. after birth. The serum testosterone surge observed in males between 0 and 2 hrs. was not found in the females. During this period, the hypothalamic concentration of testosterone increased in males but decreased in the females. PMID- 6784958 TI - [Effect of ethanol on the secretion of calcitonin in the rat]. PMID- 6784959 TI - [Effect of trypsin on the cell surface : influence on the lysosomal exocytosis of alveolar macrophages of the guinea pig]. AB - Secretion of the main lysosomal hydrolase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase of Guinea Pig alveolar macrophages was studied in vitro; without stimulus of phagocytosis or pinocytosis, glycosidase secretion was increased by trypsin. Enzymatic activity secreted under trypsinisation was heterogeneous as compared to the enzymatic activity secreted by control cells: under incubation with Concanavalin A (Con A), glycosidase activity secreted by trypsinised cells decreased by 30%, whereas Concanavalin A did not alter enzymatic activity secreted by control cells. PMID- 6784960 TI - [Effects of gangliosides on the in vitro growth of cultured spinal ganglia of guinea pigs. Preliminary results on a preparation of gangliosides from the cerebral cortex of cattle]. AB - Brain bovine gangliosides added for 48 hrs. to the culture medium at concentrations ranging from 5.10(-5) mg/ml to 5.10(-7) mg/ml induced a statistically significant (p less than .005 to p less than 000,5) increase of the number of neurites of the outgrowth zone of guinea-pig spinal ganglia. On the contrary, the neurite length was only slightly increased. PMID- 6784961 TI - [Spinal origin of the rhythmic activities induced by harmaline in the lateral reticular nucleus]. AB - Extracellular unit recordings were performed in the lateral reticular nucleus of Cats under tremorogenic doses of harmaline. The 8-12 Hz rhythmic activity induced by the drug in the reticular neurons was suppressed by a total spinal transection. Under harmaline, the lateral reticular nucleus also increased its radioautographic marking with 14C-2-deoxyglucose, indicating an increased average frequency of discharges of the neurons. Such labelling was also suppressed by spinal cord transection. This data indicates that both the rhythmic activity and increased radioautographic marking under harmaline are elicited through spinoreticular neurons. PMID- 6784962 TI - Alcohol ingestion and man's ability to adapt to exercise in a cold environment. AB - Previous work from this laboratory indicated that when alcohol was ingested prior to performing two hours of mild exercise in a cold environment, subjects experienced greater heat loss and lower blood glucose levels. The present study expanded the protocol to three hours in order to establish if these detrimental effects continued when blood alcohol levels declined. Young, male volunteers (n = 6) ingested water, water and alcohol (2.5 ml/Kg) or water, alcohol (2.5 ml/Kg) and dextrose (50 gm/150 ml water) on different occasions. The 3 treatments were administered by a balanced design. Following fluid ingestion, the subject performed intermittent, bicycle work (40% VO2max) with a 20 min work--10 min rest pattern for 3 hr. in a -5 degrees C environment. VO2, R, and blood glucose data did not reveal any significant metabolic effects of alcohol. The water-alcohol ingestion resulted in a peak blood level (13.05 +/- 2.34 mM l-1) after 69 +/- 39 min. During the third hour there was a decline to 60% of the peak value. With dextrose, the peak level was less (9.29 +/- 2.62 mM . l-1) (p less than or equal to 0.05) and occurred almost one hour later (p less than or equal to 0.05). Generally the alcohol-dextrose data were similar to the previous study in that the alcohol treatment resulted in a significantly greater heat loss (p less than or equal to 0.05). During the third hour the skin and core temperatures remained constant in the control and alcohol-dextrose treatments; however, in the alcohol series the values rose and approached control levels. The study confirmed that moderate levels of blood alcohol can impair thermoregulation while performing mild exercise in a cold environment and thus alcohol ingestion prior to any activity in a cold environment is contraindicated. However, the impairment dissipates when the blood alcohol is metabolized. When alcohol is ingested with dextrose, the alcohol effects are reduced. PMID- 6784963 TI - Myocardial lactate metabolism: evidence of lactate release during net chemical extraction in man. AB - Myocardial blood flow has been recognized to be heterogeneous in patients with coronary artery disease. Traditional arterial-coronary sinus sampling methods cannot demonstrate comparable heterogeneity of myocardial metabolism. In this study we used a tracer technique to investigate possible heterogeneity of myocardial lactate metabolism. Twenty-one patients with symptoms of ischemic heart disease were studied. We injected 14C-1-lactate intravenously as a constant infusion after a priming dose. Coronary sinus and arterial samples were obtained for chemical and radioisotopic analyses. At rest, myocardial lactate extraction by chemical analysis was 24.6 +/- 8.5% (mean +/- SD). By radioisotopic analysis, the lactate extraction was 41.0 +/- 10.2% (p less than 0.001). Thus, certain areas of the myocardium were releasing lactate despite global net extraction of lactate. In the 12 patients with significant left main or both left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex (LCX) lesions, the calculated amount of lactate released at rest was 0.136 +/- 0.045 mumol/ml of blood (mean +/- SD). In contrast, the amount released in the six patients with a significant lesion in only the LAD or LCX was 0.076 +/- 0.019 mumol/ml, and in the three patients without left coronary arterial lesions it was 0.039 +/- 0.004 mumol/ml. Using a tracer method, myocardial lactate metabolism was demonstrated to be heterogeneous at rest in patients with ischemic heart disease. A significant amount of lactate can be released by the myocardium at a time when chemical arterial-coronary sinus analysis indicates global myocardial extraction. The amount of lactate released appears to be related to the severity of the coronary artery disease. PMID- 6784964 TI - New gas-liquid equilibration method: syringe tonometer. AB - This new apparatus for gas-liquid equilibration (tonometry) in a transportable vessel is designed for tonometry of blood or buffer solution in a specially designed syringe. Gas enters the syringe chamber through small holes in the tip of the syringe plunger and bubbles upward through the sample. The syringe plunger is a second chamber, which is used for warming and humidifying the gas before it enters the tonometer chamber. The entire syringe is housed in a transparent, temperature-controlled environment during equilibration. After equilibration, the sample is easily entered into a blood-gas analyzer. At most, gas-liquid O2/CO2 equilibration for 2.5 mL of buffer or blood requires less than 13 min. Comparisons with a standard thin-film tonometer show good agreement for pO2 and pCO2 over the range 0-93 kPa (0-700 mmHg) and 2-20 kPa (14-150 mmHg), respectively. The syringe tonometer eliminates contamination of the sample during transfer and transport to the analyzer, thus making tonometry more technique independent. The apparatus is simple and easy to use, with definite advantages over existing methods of tonometry. PMID- 6784965 TI - Kinetic latex agglutinometry II: a rapid, quantitative assay for factor VIII antigen. AB - A rapid method for measuring factor VIII antigen in plasma is presented, based upon optical measurement of the rate of agglutination of a stirred suspension of latex particles coated with anti-factor VIII immunoglobulin, when mixed with plasma containing factor VIII antigen. A log-log relationship exists between factor VIII concentration and the reciprocal of the time required for a fixed absorbance change. The assay is rapid, requiring less than 3 min for normal plasma, involves stable reagents, and can be performed with conventional instrumentation. Antigen values in normal plasma a well as plasma from patients with von Willebrand's disease (angiohemophilia) correlate well with values measured by electroimmunoassay or by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6784966 TI - Cryoprotected Lactobacillus casei: an approach to standardization of microbiological assay of folic acid in serum. AB - Folate-depleted, cryoprotected preparations of Lactobacillus casei are stable for at least eight months at -18 degrees C, capable of reproducible growth and suitable as a ready source of inoculum for measurement of folates in physiological fluids. Cryoprotected microorganisms can be a commercially available laboratory reagent, thus simplifying and further standardizing the microbiological assay of various nutriments. Standard folate growth curves of cryoprotected L. casei, prepared at intervals over eight months, are superimposable, have a low blank, and should eliminate the variations encountered with the continuous passages of microorganisms required for the classic microbiological assays. Serum folate values obtained by use of the cryoprotected L. casei fall into the same diagnostic groups as determined by the classic microbiological assay. PMID- 6784967 TI - Analysis for free amino acids in pre-breakfast urine samples. PMID- 6784968 TI - Ossification defects and craniofacial morphology in incomplete forms of mandibulofacial dysostosis. A description of two dry skulls. AB - The morphology of two East Indian dry skulls exhibiting anomalies which were suggested to represent incomplete forms of mandibulofacial dysostosis is described. Obvious although minor ossification anomalies were found localized to the temporal, sphenoid, the zygomatic, the maxillary and the mandibular bones. The observations substantiate the concept of the regional and bilateral nature of the malformation syndrome. Bilateral orbital deviations, hypoplasia of the malar bones, and incomplete zygomatic arches appear to be hard tissue aberrations which may be helpful in examination for subclinical carrier status. Changes in mandibular morphology seem to be less distinguishing features in incomplete or abortive types of mandibulofacial dysostosis. PMID- 6784969 TI - Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of argininosuccinate synthetase in citrullinemia. AB - Enzymological and immunochemical analyses of the liver were preformed in seven Japanese patients with citrullinemia. Among the urea cycle enzymes in the liver, only the activity of argininosuccinate synthetase was specifically decreased to 2 to 50% of normal controls. Liver argininosuccinate synthetase of patients was indistinguishable from that of controls when tested immunochemically by Ouchterlony's double immunodiffusion technique with anti-rat argininosuccinate synthetase antiserum. Immunochemical analysis by means of the single radial immunodiffusion revealed that the decrease in the activity of liver argininosuccinate synthetase was explainable by a decrease in the amount of the enzyme protein in five patients, while the decrease in the activity in the other two patients was not accompanied by a decrease of enzyme protein. The Km values for the substrates of liver argininosuccinate synthetase of the former five were similar to those of the control, while the kinetic properties of the latter two were quite different in terms of higher Km values and negative cooperativity. From these results, we consider that citrullinemia may consist of more than one type including qualitative or quantitative abnormalities of argininosuccinate synthetase caused by some defects in certain genes or in the epigenetic processes in the liver. PMID- 6784970 TI - The characterization of a thermostable activator of beta-D-glucosidase in normal human saliva. AB - The existence of thermostable activators of beta-D-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) in Gaucher tissues is known. We demonstrate the presence of a thermostable factor in normal human saliva which activates the beta-D-glucosidase of saliva. The activator is specific for beta-glucosidase. It is dialysable and susceptible to pronase digestion. Sephadex G-25 gel filtration indicates that the activator is of low molecular weight, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows the low molecular weight fraction to migrate as two closely moving protein bands. A major proportion of the activator does not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose. The activator appears to act by binding to or modifying the salivary beta-glucosidase in a time-dependent manner. PMID- 6784971 TI - Quantitation of biologically important primary amines as their isothiocyanate derivatives by gas chromatography using nitrogen detector and validation by selected ion monitoring. AB - A gas chromatographic method for the quantitation of biologically important primary amines using nitrogen detector is described. The primary amines are converted to their isothiocyanate derivatives by reaction with carbon disulfide. Appropriate non-biological primary amines are used as internal standards. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by analysis of biological samples, such as plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid and tissue samples and the results were validated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring. PMID- 6784972 TI - TSH response to TRH in vitiligo. PMID- 6784973 TI - Rapid quantitative determination of C-reactive protein using LKB 8600 Reaction Rate Analyser. PMID- 6784974 TI - 2-Mercaptoethanesulfonate-cysteine disulfide excretion following the administration of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate--a pitfall in the diagnosis of sulfite oxidase deficiency. AB - In the urine of a neonate with respiratory insufficiency and convulsions a positive sulfite reaction was found, which is suggestive of sulfite oxidase deficiency. The nitroprusside reaction also was positive. More detailed investigations showed that both tests were positive due to the administration of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate, a mucolytic drug. The patient's urine contained an acidic amino acid with a column chromatographic behaviour like S-sulfocysteine. The high-voltage electrophoretic mobility was slightly different. This compound was isolated from the urine and identified as the mixed disulfide of 2 mercaptoethanesulfonate and cysteine. Its identity was proven with field desorption mass spectrometry, a technique which is suitable for the analysis of sulfonic acid derivatives. PMID- 6784975 TI - Studies on serum apolipoproteins and lipids in amniotic fluid and neonatal urine. AB - Amniotic fluid and neonatal urine were examined for the presence of lipids and serum apolipoproteins. Human apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and ApoD found principally in serum high density lipoproteins were identified in both neonatal urine and amniotic fluid. A lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio of greater than 5 associated with fetal lung maturity was accompanied by the disappearance of A-II from amniotic fluid. Dissimilarities of total fatty acid composition of amniotic fluid when compared to cord serum or neonatal urine indicate other tissue sources for fatty acids found in amniotic fluid. In addition, the presence of serum apolipoproteins and lipids in both amniotic fluid and neonatal urine suggests that a least a portion of these constituents could be derived from fetal urine. PMID- 6784976 TI - Pituitary function in normoprolactinaemic infertile men receiving bromocriptine. AB - A double blind trial of bromocriptine 7.5 mg daily versus placebo was carried out in ten infertile men. Pretreatment basal plasma prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were normal, but plasma follicle-stimulating-hormone (FSH) was raised in four individuals. After 4 months treatment with bromocriptine a significant fall in plasma prolactin was observed (P less than 0.01), both under basal conditions and following thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH). Basal plasma gonadotrophin, testosterone and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations did not alter. No change in sperm density, volume or motility was noted. However an apparent fall in the peak plasma LH (but not FSH) response to gonadotrophin releasing hormone (LHRH) was observed in patients receiving bromocriptine. This reduction in plasma LH responsiveness was significant when compared with the baseline response (P less than 0.05) but failed to reach significance when compared with the placebo response. It is concluded that prolonged bromocriptine therapy in normoprolactinaemic men does not suppress FSH secretion, and any reduction in plasma LH responsiveness to LHRH is not accompanied by a significant fall in plasma testosterone. PMID- 6784977 TI - The accuracy and standardization of TBG kits. AB - Three kits for measurement of serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were compared with a reference radioimmunoassay in forty-three normal euthyroid subjects. The Corning Immophase kit gave similar results to those with the reference method with satisfactory precision and accuracy. The Behringwerke AG RIA-gnost kit gave results with adequate but lower correlation with the reference method (r = 0.80) than that of the Corning kit trial (r = 0.92). The mean value was significantly greater than the reference method mean, indicating that the Behringwerke kit was inaccurately standardized. The CEA-Sorin TBG kit (Eurotope services) gave results with a poor correlation against the reference method (r = 0.59). The mean value was also significantly greater than the reference mean indicating that this kit is both inaccurately standardized and less precise than the other two. It is stressed that TBG-kits need to be periodically standardized against reference methods in the absence of properly validated primary standards in all batches. PMID- 6784978 TI - Dopamine inhibits the naloxone induced gonadotrophin rise in man. AB - Twenty milligrams of the opiate receptor antagonist naloxone were infused over 3 h to five young male volunteers. Naloxone produced a significant rise in both LH and FSH, but did not affect serum prolactin levels. The infusion of dopamine (4 microgram . kg-1 . min-1) completely abolished the naloxone effect on gonadotrophin release. The results suggest a possible interaction between dopamine, opioid receptors and gonadotrophin secretion in man. PMID- 6784979 TI - An evaluation of supervoltage orbital irradiation for Graves' ophthalmopathy. AB - Twenty patients with moderately severe ophthalmopathy due to Graves' disease or ophthalmic Graves' disease were treated by supervoltage orbital radiotherapy generated by a linear accelerator. Seven patients (35%) showed some response within 3 weeks of the treatment, four patients (20%) improved minimally while nine patients (45%) were unchanged. Improvement was noted mainly in soft tissue changes while proptosis decreased in only four patients. With one exception, ophthalmoplegia did not improve after the radiotherapy. The benefit obtained with the treatment was not impressive. PMID- 6784980 TI - The function of the pituitary-thyroidal axis in acromegalic patients v. patients with hyperprolactinaemia and a pituitary tumour. PMID- 6784981 TI - Gonadotrophin levels in women with Cushing's syndrome before and after treatment. AB - Basal serum concentrations of LH and FSH and their response to LHRH were studied in twelve pre- and ten post-menopausal women with Cushing's syndrome before and after treatment. Subnormal basal concentrations of LH were found in twelve out of twenty-two, and of FSH in ten of the twenty untreated patients. There was a correlation between the urinary free cortisol (UFC) and basal LH values, r = 0.59 (P less than 0.05), and UFC and basal FSH values, r = -0.76 (P less than 0.02) in the premenopausal women. All seven patients with a UFC value greater than 1080 nmol/24 h (normal range less than 270) had both a subnormal basal gonadotrophin level and a subnormal response of at least one gonadotrophin to the releasing hormone. In those patients in whom successful remission was obtained and who did not require replacement therapy, subnormal basal gonadotrophins were usually restored towards or into the normal range. It is concluded that while gonadotrophin levels may be normal in women with Cushing's syndrome, they are subnormal in those with the highest cortisol values. This may be due to a direct suppressive effect of cortisol on the release of stored pituitary hormone, and/or on LHRH release from the hypothalamus. PMID- 6784982 TI - The opioid control of LH and FSH release: effects of a met-enkephalin analogue and naloxone. AB - The effect of long-acting analogue of met-enkephalin (DAMME) and naloxone on gonadotrophin secretion has been investigated in man. In menopausal women DAMME induced a progressive fall in LH to approximately 60% of basal levels at 3 h, which was blocked by naloxone; there was a smaller fall in FSH that did not attain statistical significance. However, the LHRH-induced rise in LH and FSH in young male volunteers was unaffected by pretreatment with a high-dose DAMME infusion. Naloxone infusion in young male and female normal subjects produced a significant rise in both LH and FSH. Long-term infusion of naloxone appeared to increase the rate, and possibly the amplitude, of LH pulsatility. These results suggest that met-enkephalin-like opioid peptides exert a tonic inhibitory control of LH release in both menopausal and young subjects of both sexes. This control is most likely to be at the level of the hypothalamus, and involves modulation of pulsatile LHRH release. PMID- 6784983 TI - The effects of different dose regimes of D-SER(TBU)6-LHRH-EA10 (HOE 766) in subjects with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. AB - Eight male patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism were treated with injections of a long acting LHRH analogue, HOE 766. Six of the patients were on daily subcutaneous injections of 5 microgram of this analogue at the start of this study and were changed to alternate-daily injections of the same dose for 1 3 months. They were then treated with twice-daily injections of 0.5 microgram HOE 766, as was another subject not previously treated. The HOE 766 twice-daily was given alone for 1 or 2 months and then sex steroid replacement therapy was added to this for a further 4-5 months. There was no clinical improvement or rise in plasma testosterone levels until sex steroid therapy was commenced. Basal LH and FSH levels and peak responses to 100 microgram LHRH remained low throughout the study. It is concluded that these variations in dose and interval of administration do not overcome the lack of pituitary response which is a feature of prolonged treatment with LHRH analogues. PMID- 6784984 TI - The gonadotrophin resistant ovary syndrome: a curable disease? AB - A patient with the resistant ovary syndrome is reported. It is suggested that lack of synchronization between steroidogenesis in the granulosa and theca cells is responsible for the (acquired) occurrence of this syndrome. Feedback inhibition of pituitary gonadotrophin secretion was achieved by exogenously administered ovarian steroid hormones. All protein and steroid hormone levels returned to normal and spontaneous ovulatory cycles returned after withdrawal of medication. It is concluded that the so called "resistant ovary syndrome" is not an irreversible process. PMID- 6784985 TI - Ovarian failure and ageing. PMID- 6784986 TI - Marked increase in Ia-bearing macrophages during Trypanosoma cruzi infection. PMID- 6784987 TI - Antigens in human renal allografts. PMID- 6784988 TI - Ia-like antigens on freshly explanted human melanoma. PMID- 6784989 TI - Analysis of multiple noninvasive test procedures for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6784990 TI - Vasectomy, anti-sperm antibodies and arterial damage. PMID- 6784992 TI - Economic implications of rehabilitation options for patients with quadriplegia. PMID- 6784991 TI - Serum HDL-cholesterol, apo-A-I and apo-E levels in patients with abnormal coronary arteries. PMID- 6784993 TI - Subperiosteal hemorrhage and cyst formation in neurofibromatosis: a case report. AB - A 7-year-old girl was disabled by neurofibromatosis complicated by leg hypertrophy, recurrent massive hemorrhage, and cyst formation in her right tibia. A grotesque deformity resulted in the right lower leg over a three-year period despite elevation, compression, and aspiration for various bleeding episodes. Massive areas of bone had to be resected on two separate occasions. The extreme vascularity of the region caused postoperative recurrences, but there was always some improvement. The pathologic findings consisted of true schwannomas in the periosteum. The basic problem of neurofibromatosis was the endoneural cell proliferation that was responsible for the hypertrophy, hemorrhages, and cyst formation. While there are various hemorrhagic problems in neurofibromatosis, this case demonstrates the characteristic massive hemorrhage and rapid new bone formation that follow minimal trauma, and illustrated the difficulties that are encountered in both nonoperative and operative management. PMID- 6784994 TI - The effects of long-term administration of ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate on osteoarthrosis and heterotopic ossification in the mouse knee joint. AB - Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was administered weekly for up to 15 months in either a high (50 mg/kg body weight) or low (5 mg/kg body weight) dose to the males of an inbred strain of mouse (SRT/ORT) which suffers from a high incidence of osteoarthrosis of the knee joint accompanied by extensive periarticular soft-tissue metaplasia forming cartilage and bone. The diphosphonate had two effects. In both doses it caused a reduction in the level of bone resorption. In high doses it caused a partial inhibition of mineralization resulting in the deposition of uncalcified osteoid. The diphosphonate did not influence the incidence or severity of the articular degeneration. The development of periarticular sort-tissue metaplasia was not halted by the EHDP although its form was slightly modified in the high dose. In both treated groups the proximal end of the tibia developed into an abnormal club shape as a result of interference with the normal turnover of bony spicules in the metaphyses. High-dose mice given 85Strontium as a tracer for calcium had much lower radioactivity in their bones than did the low dose and control mice. PMID- 6784995 TI - Factors affecting the tolerance of muscle circulation and function for increased tissue pressure. AB - The tolerance of neuromuscular tissue for increased tissue pressure has been observed clinically to vary among individuals. In experimental operations on rabbits, various factors may affect tissue pressure tolerance. Arterial hypoxia, halothane anesthesia, local arterial occlusion, and acute hemorrhage each reduced the amount of pressure necessary to produce circulatory and functional deficits. Extrapolation of these observations suggest that patients with hemorrhage, arterial hypoxia, and peripheral vascular disease may be at greater risk from a given tissue pressure than patients without these conditions. PMID- 6784997 TI - Neurofibromatosis: lymphoscintigraphic observations. AB - The authors describe the lymphoscintigraphic findings in a 4-year-old child with neurofibromatosis, the principal manifestation of which was elephantiasis neuromatosa involving the right lower extremity. The lymphoscintigram demonstrated dilated lymphatics and enlarged lymph nodes. PMID- 6784996 TI - Nutritional status of orthopedic patients with surgical complications. AB - The incidence and effects of malnutrition in orthopedic surgery and nutritional status were investigated at the time of surgery in 106 patients. Arm muscle circumference was used to measure the nutritional status. The incidence of complications was correlated with poor protein nutrition. Patients with evidence, of protein malnutrition had a higher incidence of wound infection. Patients with multiple previous operations had a greater number of complications of any type. The combination of poor nutritional status and multiple previous operations was associated with a 42% incidence of postsurgical complications. PMID- 6784998 TI - Subperiosteal hemorrhage in neurofibromatosis: appearance in bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6784999 TI - Effects of desmethyldiazepam on diazepam kinetics: a study of effects of a metabolite on parent drug disposition. AB - The effect of high concentrations of desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ), the major metabolite of diazepam (DZ), on parent drug kinetics was evaluated in six healthy young subjects who received a single intravenous dose (10 mg) of DZ on two occasions. The first DZ dose was given in the drug-free control condition and the second after the subject had ingested clorazepate (CZP), a precursor of DMDZ (15 mg daily for 7 days before DZ and then during the second DZ study). Maximum DMDZ concentration after the first DZ dose did not exceed 66 ng/ml, whereas mean DMDZ levels (derived from CZP) during the second DZ study were 481 +/- 61.5 ng/ml (SE) for all subjects. DZ kinetic parameters for all subjects during the first and second studies were: elimination half-life (t 1/2), 43.3 +/- 5.3 and 44.9 +/- 9.7 hr; total volume of distribution (Vd), 1.26 +/- 0.10 and 1.32 +/- 0.10 l/kg; unbound Vd, 97.4 +/- 9.9 and 94.9 +/- 9.9 l/kg; clearance, 0.364 +/- 0.048 and 0.394 +/- 0.055 ml/min/kg; and unbound clearance, 28.3 +/- 4.6 and 28.3 +/- 5.0 ml/min/kg. Percent unbound DZ was 1.40 +/- 0.25% when subject plasma was spiked with DZ alone and 1.47 +/- 0.21% when subjects' plasma was spiked with 500 ng/ml DMDZ in addition to DZ. Paired analysis of the two studies in each subject revealed no difference in t 1/2, Vd, unbound Vd, clearance, or DZ protein binding in the absence or presence of DMDZ. Formation and presence of the active metabolite DMDZ had no influence on kinetic behavior of parent DZ. PMID- 6785000 TI - The Coulter MCV in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6785001 TI - Use of folate analogue in treatment of methyl alcohol toxic reactions is studied. National Institutes of Health. PMID- 6785002 TI - Costs limitations: two Federal approaches. PMID- 6785003 TI - Why physicians should worry about cost. PMID- 6785004 TI - The Professional Standards Review Organization program. PMID- 6785005 TI - OTA finds cost-benefit analysis inadequate. PMID- 6785006 TI - Renal handling and pathophysiology of Bence Jones proteins. PMID- 6785007 TI - Coagulation activation and local vascular changes in preeclampsia. PMID- 6785008 TI - Fetal pancreas in treatment of experimental diabetes in rats. PMID- 6785009 TI - Electrophysiologic studies of Jervell, Lange-Nielsen syndrome. AB - Electrophysiologic studies were performed in two sibling with Jervell, Lange Nielsen syndrome. Electrophysiologic parameters were all within normal limits except for prolongation of effective refractory period of the ventricular myocardium. This finding may suggest one of electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying QT prolongation, that is, delayed ventricular repolarization. PMID- 6785010 TI - Gas exchange monitoring of ARDS. PMID- 6785011 TI - Myocardial revascularization surgery in a hemophiliac. PMID- 6785012 TI - Attenuated responses to CO2 and hypoxia in parents of threatened sudden infant death syndrome infants. AB - Ventilatory and heart rate responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia were measured in the following three groups: group I, controls (n equals 15); group II, parents of threatened sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infants (n equals 10); and group III, parents of SIDS infants (n equals 17). We found significantly reduced heart rate responses to carbon dioxide and hypoxia in group II (1.4 plus or minus 1.9 percent and 16.0 plus or minus 4.0 percent; mean plus or minus SEM) compared with controls (7.1 plus or minus 1.4 percent and 26 plus or minus 2.4 percent; P less than .025). Ventilatory responses to hypoxia in groups II and III were not significantly different from controls. Two group II mothers had a greatly reduce ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. Four other parents in group II had abnormally low heart rate responses to hypoxia or carbon dioxide. We concluded that parents of threatened SIDS infants had reduced heart rate responses to carbon dioxide and hypoxia and may have reduced ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. PMID- 6785013 TI - Ventilation and Pco2: make the distinction. PMID- 6785014 TI - Severe kyphoscoliosis, breathing, and sleep: the "Quasimodo" syndrome during sleep. AB - Five adult subjects with severe kyphoscoliosis were monitored during sleep. Several types of breathing abnormalities, including obstructive apnea and hypopnea, were noted. The lowest oxygen desaturations occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Arterial pressure, continuously measured in one subject, progressively increased throughout the night in association with abnormal breathing. The use of a cuirass ventilator did not improve the nocturnal problem. PMID- 6785015 TI - Experience with ergonovine provocative testing for coronary arterial spasm. AB - We reviewed our experience with the ergonovine provocative test for coronary arterial spasm in 40 patients with pain in the chest believed to be angina pectoris and in one patient with a myocardial infarction and normal coronary arteries. Twenty-nine patients had normal coronary arteries, while 12 had mild to moderate lesions. Ergonovine maleate was administered incrementally in total cumulative doses of 0.25 mg to 1.2 mg. The effect of ergonovine on coronary arterial caliber was determined by comparing the arterial diameter from the angiogram obtained after administration of ergonovine with that from the control. Measurements were made at the same preselected points in both films and also at points of greatest response. Excluding the three cases with complete occlusion, the mean reduction in coronary arterial diameter at preselected points was 12 +/- 15 percent. When the points of greatest response were examined, the maximum reduction in coronary arterial diameter was less than 25 percent in 13 patients, 25 to 50 percent in 20 patients, and more than 50 percent in eight patients. The patterns of response included complete occlusion of a vessel in the three patients with variant angina, diffuse narrowing in 16, diffuse and focal narrowing in six, and spasm at the catheter tip in three patients. All patients with maximum reductions of more than 50 percent in coronary arterial diameter and six of those with maximum reductions of 25 to 50 percent had pain in the chest, but only the three with complete occlusion had associated changes in the S-T segment. Thus, the response in patients with variant angina represents one end of a spectrum of responses to administration of ergonovine. In addition, a large number of patients may have ergonovine-induced pain in the chest without electrocardiographic changes and only an intermediate degree of coronary arterial spasm. PMID- 6785016 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation. PMID- 6785017 TI - Prevention of emergence of bacterial resistance: no advantage in combining rifampicin and tetracycline over use of tetracycline alone. AB - Experiments have been performed using rifampicin (RIF) and tetracycline (TET) to establish whether the use of the combination prevents the emergence of bacterial resistance to either drug. Experiments were performed using repeated 4-hour cycles of exposure of large bacterial populations to varying concentrations of antibiotics in order to reproduce in vitro the conditions of treatment of a systemic infection in man. When exposed to both RIF and TET the doubly-sensitive test organism was eliminated from the test cultures in 92 h without emergence of resistance. When the organism was exposed to RIF alone it became massively RIF resistant in 20 h. The organism was eliminated in 104 h when exposed to TET alone. Under the test conditions there was no significant difference in experimental outcome when RIF was added to TET compared to that when TET alone was used. PMID- 6785019 TI - Ramble in Chinese ophthalmology, past and present. PMID- 6785020 TI - Studies on abnormal hemoglobin variants in China. Two cases with HbG Coushatta and the primary structure of the hemoglobin variant. PMID- 6785018 TI - Anterior optic gliomas with precocious or pseudoprecocious puberty. AB - 5 patients with gliomas of the anterior optic pathways, histologically assessed or with strong diagnostic evidence, who developed precocious or pseudoprecocious puberty (2 cases) before the operation or after radiation treatment, are presented. Only 2 patients presented familial and/or personal evidence of neurofibromatosis. The production mechanism of these sexual changes is discussed. PMID- 6785021 TI - Chemo-immunotherapy versus chemotherapy in acute leukemia remission induction. PMID- 6785022 TI - Immunologic studies and treatment of psoriasis with human transfer factor. PMID- 6785023 TI - Sjogren's syndrome with myocarditis. Report of a case. PMID- 6785024 TI - Assessment of barium preparations for double contrast stomach examinations (DCSE). PMID- 6785025 TI - Twin study on myopia. PMID- 6785026 TI - Clinical significance of estimation of the selectivity of proteinuria. PMID- 6785027 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of Chinese (mainland) strain Schistosoma japonicum. PMID- 6785028 TI - Surgical treatment of sympathetic cervical spondylosis. PMID- 6785029 TI - Primary lung cancer mortality rate in Zhongshan county. PMID- 6785030 TI - Investigation of mental disorders in Beijing suburban district. PMID- 6785031 TI - One stage bladder mucosa flap urethroplasty for hypospadias repair. PMID- 6785033 TI - Vitreous surgery: an update. PMID- 6785032 TI - Preliminary analysis of clinical significance of determination of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins. PMID- 6785034 TI - Retroperitoneal extension type acute necrotic pancreatitis. PMID- 6785035 TI - Acupuncture in retinal arterial occlusion. PMID- 6785036 TI - Successful treatment of a case of electric abdominal burn complicated by intestinal perforation. PMID- 6785037 TI - Early vascular grafting to prevent upper extremity necrosis after electrical burns. PMID- 6785038 TI - Spectrofluorometric determination of urinary total estrogens. PMID- 6785039 TI - [The in vitro effects of purified protein derivative (PPD) on the lymphocytes and phagocytes from patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy tuberculin reactors]. AB - In a previous report, we found no difference in surface markers of lymphocytes and phagocytes between patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy tuberculin reactors. In this communication, 45 cases of active pulmonary tuberculosis and 21 cases of healthy tuberculin reactors were studied with regard to the changes of surface markers of lymphocytes and the expression of Fc and complement receptors on phagocytes after in vitro incubation with PPD. After PPD stimulation, the monocytes with Fc and complement receptors tended to increase in tuberculin-positive but not in tuberculin-negative patients or healthy tuberculin reactors, and the active T lymphocytes were markedly increased in normal individuals but not in patients. Thus, the failure of lymphocytes from patients to respond to in vitro PPD activation with increased active T lymphocytes may account for the establishment of tuberculous infection after exposure to mycobacteria and the inability of the monocytes from tuberculin-negative patients to be activated by PPD in vitro correlates with negative skin test in vivo. PMID- 6785040 TI - [Enteral nutrition by jejunostomy for acute pancreatitis. Report of 11 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785041 TI - [Continuous-flow enteral hyperalimentation in the treatment of acute necrotic hemorrhagic pancreatitis (52 cases]. PMID- 6785042 TI - The link between dosage compensation and sex differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The rate of 3H-uridine incorporation into X-chromosome and autosomal RNA was measured as an indicator of relative transcription activity in larvae carrying various Sxl mutant alleles. Hyperactivity of X chromosomes was found in heteroallelic Sxlf#1/Sxlfhv#1 and homozygous Sxlf#2 female larvae. Sxlfhv#1 homozygotes. Sxlf#1/Sxl+ heterozygotes, heteroallelic X chromosome transcription. Except for Sxlf#ba, there is a correlation between the viability of the mutants and the degree to which X-chromosomes activity is elevated. Male larvae carrying the dominant male-specific lethal mutation SxlM#1 displayed X chromosomes only half as wide as those of control larvae. However, it could not be determined whether this property is the result of a lower transcription rate of underreplication of the mutated X chromosomes. The results demonstrate that the Sxl gene plays an important role in controlling X-chromosome activity. The relationship among the various genes known to act in sex differentiation and dosage compensation is discussed. PMID- 6785043 TI - An RNA polymerase II mutation in Drosophila melanogaster that mimics ultrabithorax. AB - An EMS-induced, sex-linked recessive lethal mutation that in heterozygous condition mimics the third-chromosome dominant mutant Ultrabithorax-130 (Ubx130) has been discovered in Drosophila melanogaster. This Ultrabithorax-like (Ubl) mutant, when heterozygous, adds several hairs to and enlarges the apical segment (capitellum) of the haltere. Ubl fails to complement Ubln [previously called l (1) L5], a recessive lethal null allele located in section 10C of Bridges' (1938) map of the polytene X chromosome at map position 35.7 Ubl behaves as an antimorph: heterozygous deficiencies for section 10C do not display the Ubl dominant phenotype. Ubl shows a dosage effect: the maximum expression occurs in females with the genotype Ubl/Ubl; Dp Ubl+, in which the capitellum is about three times as large as that of Ubl/+, with two or more rows of bristles. These flies are poorly viable and sterile when mated to Ubl; Dp Ubl+ males, but produce a few offspring when mated to Ubl+ males. Ubl displays a complex series of interactions with loci other than Ubx and elicits expression of specific mutant phenotypes when it is heterozygous in trans with certain nonallelic deficiencies and recessive mutations. Greenleaf et al. (1980) have demonstrated thatUbl is allelic with an alpha-amanitin-resistant mutation that effects RNA polymerase II; therefore, the interactions observed between Ubl and other loci may result from an inability of heterozygous Ubl flies to undergo normal transcription. PMID- 6785044 TI - Mutants partially defective in excision repair at five autosomal loci in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Primary cell cultures derived from mutants in seventeen different genes were analyzed for their ability to excise pyrimidine dimers from DNA. Five of these mutagen-sensitive mutants [mus(2)205A1, mus(3)302D1, mus(3)304D3, mus(3)306D1, mus(3)308D2] display a significantly reduced excision capacity relative to control cultured. In addition, two of the five [mus(3)306D2, mus(3)308D2] are defective in the accumulation of single-strand breaks normally seen after ultraviolet irradiation. This study, therefore, brings the total number of Drosophila mutants known to be defective in excision repair to seven. The results are discussed relative to other genetic and biochemical properties of these mutants. PMID- 6785045 TI - mus(3)312D1, A mutagen sensitive mutant with profound effects on female meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The third chromosome, mutagen sensitive mutant mus(3)312D1 impairs the meiotic process in females by increasing the frequency of first division nondisjunction and decreasing the frequency of meiotic crossing over. These genetic properties connote 312 to be defective in DNA replication and/or repair intimately associated with the crossing over exchange process. The mutant maps to the left arm of chromosome III between ru and h, and represents a new genetic site for a meiotic mutant. PMID- 6785046 TI - The formation of polytene chromosomes during macronuclear development of the hypotrichous ciliate Stylonychia mytilus. AB - The formation of polytene chromosomes during macronuclear development of the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus was examined in spread electron microscopical preparations. The chromatin organization of early macronuclear anlagen closely resembles the organization of micronuclear chromatin. In the course of polytenization 300 A chromatin fibers become organized in loop-like structures laterally attached to a thinner axial fiber. It is suggested that this reorganization of chromatin during polytenization is a necessary event for the subsequent chromatin elimination. PMID- 6785048 TI - [The estimation and preliminary clinical application of coagulant activity of factor VIII (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785047 TI - Hybridization of tRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster to the region of the 5S RNA genes of the polytene chromosomes. AB - We have previously reported that four tRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster randomly labeled with iodine-125 hybridize in part to the 56EF region of polytene chromosomes where 5S RNA genes occur. In the presence of a 100-fold excess of unlabeled 5S RNA no hybridization of randomly labeled 125I-tRNA Asp2 gamma occurred at 56EF although hybridization elsewhere was not affected. In addition, tRNAAsp2 gamma labeled by introducing 125I-5-iodocytidylyl residues into the 3' CCA end with tRNA nucleotidyl transferase did not hybridize to 56EF but did hybridize to other sites. The hybridization of tRNALys2, tRNA3Gly and tRNAMet3 at 56EF was not eliminated by a 25 to 100-fold excess of unlabeled 5S RNA. When these tRNAs were labeled at the -CCA terminus they hybridized to 56EF as well as to their other sites with the exception that terminally labeled tRNALys2 no longer hybridized to 62A. The hybridization of the latter three species of tRNA to the region of the 5S genes, amongst other sites, is confirmed. The previously observed hybridization of tRNAAsp2 gamma in this region appears to have been due to contamination of the tRNA sample with traces of material derived from 5S RNA. PMID- 6785049 TI - [Seminar: the present status of diagnosis and treatment of hemophilia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785050 TI - [Review: recent advances in the research of mechanism of coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785051 TI - [Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of cervical spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785052 TI - [Clinical application of total parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785053 TI - [Primary drug-resistant tuberculous meningitis in children: clinical observation of 40 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785054 TI - [Some important factors influencing the inhibition test of Chinese herbal drugs on tubercle bacillus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785055 TI - [Analysis of expiratory CO2 curves of patients of pulmonary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785056 TI - Contemporary problems of epidemiology and treatment of respiratory allergies and bronchial asthma. AB - A general scheme of long-term treatment of bronchial asthma and the author's own results of immunotherapy, prophylaxis and other experiences in controlling the disease are presented. The necessity of permanent hyposensitization and prophylaxis by Zaditen and Na-cromoglycate has been emphasized. The rising incidence of respiratory allergies makes it necessary to find new ways of collaboration of allergists and other specialists. PMID- 6785057 TI - Simple models of pharmacological protection against induced bronchial obstruction. AB - The authors assessed the action of drugs against bronchial obstruction induced by inhalation of pollen allergen in 54 patients during the symptom-free period of bronchial asthma. Protection against pollen allergen was provided by disodium cromoglycate (Intal-nasal)--20 mg--in 96% of patients (P less than 0.001), by beclomethasone dipropionate (Becotide)--400 microgram--only in 17% of the investigated subjects (effect is not statistically significant) and by the antihistamine preparation Dithiaden administered by the i. v. route, 1 mg, in 46% of the patients (P less than 0.01). The authors made a detailed statistical analysis and discuss the causes of different results as regards the protective action of the investigated drugs. PMID- 6785058 TI - [Pseudotumoral localization of Waldenstrom's disease in the nasal cavity (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6785060 TI - Vasodilators for angina pectoris. PMID- 6785061 TI - [Investigations of the aetiology of respiratory symptoms in broilers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785059 TI - Aciclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis. Preliminary report of a multicentered trial. AB - The efficacy of Aciclovir and Trifluorothymidine (TFT) treatment was tested in a double blind trial of thirty-eight patients with dendritic keratitis. All twenty patients treated with Aciclovir healed within 10 days with an average healing time of 5.0 days. Two of the eighteen patients treated with TFT failed to heal within 22 days, the others healed within ten days, the average healing was 6.6 days. Punctate keratopathy was seen in 70% of both groups. Intense conjunctival hyperaemia developed in two TFT patients. PMID- 6785062 TI - [Follow-up studies on blood gases, acid-base-relationship, hemoglobin and hematocrit in blood from piglets. 2 Phase from the 4th day of life till weaning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785063 TI - [Virus induced infections of the pigeon (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785064 TI - Perinatal PCB exposure and its effect on the immune system of young rabbits. AB - Antibody mediated and cell mediated immune functions of offspring from New Zealand white rabbits fed control chow or chow containing 10, 100 or 250 ppm of Aroclor 1248 (PCB) were assessed. Only those offspring from mothers fed 250 ppm of PCB had a significantly lower contact sensitivity response to 2,4-dinitro, 1 fluorobenzene (DNFB). There was no significant decrease in either the plaque forming cell (PFC) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or serum anti-SRBC antibody titer at any exposure level. Histopathologic examination of the spleen and thymus did not reveal any changes in cellularity that might be associated with immuno-suppression; nor did differential white blood cell counts or mitogen response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to PHA or Con-A differ significantly from controls. PMID- 6785065 TI - Differentiation of fetal mouse hypothalamic cells in serum-free medium. AB - We show here that cells dissociated from fetal mouse hypothalamus and cerebral hemispheres can be grown in primary culture in a serum-free medium (SFM). We describe several properties of these cultures and compare them to those in serum supplemented medium (SSM). The SFM used is a modification of that described for neuroblastoma cells: neuronal survival is improved when 17 beta-estradiol is added. Initial events in culture development were similar to those observed in SSM. However, after 1 week, several differences could be noted: in SFM, the proportion of neuron-like cells was increased while the basal glial layer was noticeably reduced, and the neurite network remained less developed than in SSM. These findings demonstrate that the use of SFM permits manipulation of the types and proportions of cells in these primary cultures. This point has been already made. Several neuronal activities were studied. In cultures from both hypothalamus and cerebral hemispheres, thyroliberin (TRH)-immunoreactive cells were visualized by immunohistochemistry, and TRH was radioimmunoassayed in cell extracts and in the medium. In hypothalamic cultures, tyrosine hydroxylase was shown to remain stable for 1 week, and then declined. Glutamic acid decarboxylase disappeared very quickly in vitro, whereas choline acetyltransferase activity increased more rapidly in SFM than in SSM. It is concluded that the use of an SFM for growing normal fetal hypothalamic cells offers a promising model for studying neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms in culture. PMID- 6785066 TI - [Stereo-electroencephalographic correlates of motor seizures (author's transl)]. AB - It is generally agreed that surface-EEG findings in focal motor seizures are often ambiguous. With the aid of combined surface- and depth recordings (SEEG exploration), which we perform on drug resistant epileptics in view of surgical intervention, we find a substantially increased correlation between clinical ictal phenomena and the bioelectric seizure discharges or epileptic paroxysms, provided that a systematic exploration of the motor cortex can be done. Three SEEG-explored patients with primary focal motor seizures illustrate this improved correlation with respect to chronotopographical and formal aspects. The presented cases are also of further interest in that one of them was explored in a status epilepticus and one suffered from an epilepsia partialis continua. Besides the epileptic motor phenomena, the presented cases also illustrate specific features of the bioelectric activity of the Rolandic area, especially the changes of Rolandic EEG-activity produced by voluntary movements. PMID- 6785067 TI - [The effect of clonazepam on visual evoked potentials of the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with the action of Clonazepam on the cortical responses to visual stimuli in the rabbit. Epicortical as well as intracortical recordings from the different laminae were made by means of a multi-electrode made by thin film technology (13). Clonazepam was given intravenously in a dosis of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight. The surface recordings showed that the visual evoked potentials (VEP) was, under the influence of the drug, altered only with respect to its secondary components. Those components which seem to originate within the zone of bilateral projection from both eyes are mostly influenced. The long lasting surface negative late component of the VEP was abolished by the action of the drug, and low-amplitude oscillations were seen instead. Within the different laminae of the visual cortex all components were altered in amplitude and latency. This phenomenon was most prominent within the zone of bilateral projection. Instead of two major negative components in the deep cortical layers, many positive and negative peaks were observed after the application of Clonazepam. This corresponds partly with the findings on the surface of the cortex. These results are discussed with respect to the manyfold mechanisms of action of Clonazepam. PMID- 6785069 TI - [Results of a psychopathometric study concerning the nature of absences. Is there a modal shape in the reaction curve corresponding to attention shifts with absences? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785068 TI - [Characterization of genetic EEG-variations with the amplitude-interval-analysis. I. Variations of alpha-activity; flat-EEG; borderline flat EEG, occipital slow beta-waves; monotonous alpha-rhythm (author's transl)]. AB - In 121 healthy adult male probands with different variants of alpha-activity (monotonous alpha-waves; low voltage EEG, borderline low voltage EEG; occipital slow beta-waves) a quantitative description of unipolar leads was carried out using a program for amplitude-interval (time-domain) analysis. Statistically significant differences between means of the examined parameters were discovered between the various EEG variants. No single parameter, however, separates these variants reliably. For such a separation, methods of multivariate statistics will have to be used. Significant differences between right and left hemispheres (primarily lower alpha-activity together with higher beta-activity on the left hemisphere) were found in all EEG types examined except the variant with monotonous alpha-waves. PMID- 6785070 TI - [Assessing the localization and extension of brainstem lesions with the orbicularis oculi reflex (author's transl)]. AB - The electrically evoked Orbicularis Oculi Reflex (OOR) consists of two separate components (R1 and R2). Within the last years the central pathways of R1 in pontine and R2 in medullary brainstem areas could be further elucitated. We have investigated the OOR in 66 patients with signs of a brainstem affection, obtaining pathological results in 67% of the cases. Five characteristic types of OOR-alterations could be differentiated. Type A with an isolated R1- and type B with an additional R2-Alteration point to pontine lesions. Type C, D, E with different R2-Alterations are indicative for medullary lesions. Disorders of the spinal trigeminal complex or the lateral bulbar reticular formation only can be distinguished from a combined lesion of these structures. Careful analysis of the alterations of the OOR-components and correlation with the known anatomical data provide a means to localize brainstem affections and to assess their extension. PMID- 6785071 TI - Therapeutic plasma levels of some anticonvulsants in focal epilepsy in relation to computerized axial tomography. AB - The authors investigated 37 patients with established focal epilepsy in terms of the antiepileptic drug (AED) blood levels needed to achieve control or significant abatement of seizures; then they examined the patients by computerized axial tomography (CAT) and grouped them according as they did or did not show evidence of an organic food lesion of the brain. Statistical elaboration of the data revealed that CAT-positive patients required significantly higher mean AED blood levels for clinical effectiveness than did CAT-negative patients; also, single drugs failed to produce control at any plasma level, necessitating recourse to multidrug regimes, significantly more often in the CAT-positive than in the CAT-negative patient group. In the discussion the authors examine the possible reasons for the observed difference of therapeutic responses. PMID- 6785072 TI - Studies on the mechanism of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine-induced suppression of secretagogue-induced thyrotropin release in vitro. AB - A double column perifusion procedure was used to study the feedback inhibition of L-T3 on TSH secretion from rat anterior pituitary fragments. Matching pituitary halves were pretreated with T3 (10(-7) M) for 2 h before exposure to 10(-8) M TRH, 59 mM K+, or 5 mM Ba2+ . TRH, high K+, and Ba2+ resulted in a 2-fold or greater stimulation of TSH release. T3 significantly inhibited the stimulation by these secretagogues to 0.77, 0.78, and 0.52 of control for TRH, high K+, and Ba2+, respectively. Neither rT3 (10(-7) M) nor T3 added together with TRH had an effect on TSH release by this secretagogue. Perifusion with 3.5 x 10(-5) M cycloheximide or 10(-6) M actinomycin D 1 h before and during T3 administration led to greater TSH release with TRH than in the presence of T3 alone. Neither protein synthetic inhibitor increased TRH responsiveness of pituitary fragments when perifused alone. When cycloheximide was perifused in a similar protocol before high K+ or Ba2+, there again was a significant decrease in the T3-induced inhibition of TSH release by these secretagogues. Cycloheximide alone did not increase TSH release in response to high K+ or Ba2+, eliminating this as a possible explanation for the enhanced TSH response when antibiotic was present with T3. These results indicate that the in vitro effect of T3 on secretagogue induced TSH release can be blocked by an inhibitor of protein synthesis. The inhibitory effect of T3 on high K+- and Ba2+-induced TSH release suggests that the site of the acute T3 inhibition of TSH release may be subsequent to TRH interaction with its receptor. PMID- 6785073 TI - Changes in radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in discrete brain areas of the rat at various times on proestrus, diestrous day 1, and after phenobarbital administration. PMID- 6785074 TI - Effects of estradiol and progesterone on catecholamine turnover rates in discrete hypothalamic regions in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 6785075 TI - Negative feedback effects of progesterone correlated with changes in hypothalamic norepinephrine and dopamine turnover rates, median eminence luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and peripheral plasma gonadotropins. AB - Progesterone (P) amplifies and advances gonadotropin surges when administered to estradiol (E2)-treated ovariectomized rats. While daily rhythmic LH surges continue to occur in E2-treated rats, they are extinguished in E2- and P (E2P) treated animals 24 h after P treatment. We examined whether this negative feedback effect on P affect catecholamine activity within the median eminence, medial preoptic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and suprachiasmatic nucleus and also the changes which occur in median eminence LHRH concentrations. Twenty-four hours after P exposure, LH and FSH surges in E2P-treated rats are extinguished, and the magnitude of the PRL surge is reduced. In E2-treated rats, there is an increase in medial preoptic nucleus, suprachiasmatic nucleus, and median eminence NE turnover rates from 1000--1200 to 1500--1700 h, but these changed in NE activity do not occur in E2-treated rats which received P 24 h earlier. Rather, such E2P treated animals have markedly elevated medial preoptic nucleus, arcuate nucleus, and median eminence DA turnover rates during the period that plasma gonadotropin levels are suppressed. No differences in median eminence LHRH concentrations in E2- or E2P-treated rats were detected. P may exert its negative feedback action in suppressing LH, FSH, and PRL release by blocking activation of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system and by increasing dopaminergic activity within the tuberoinfundibular system. PMID- 6785076 TI - Neural pathways mediating basal and stress-induced secretion of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone in the rat. AB - Adult male rats, intact or bearing complete, anterior, or posterior hypothalamic deafferentations (CHD, AHD, or PHD, respectively) or bilateral medial forebrain bundle (MFB) lesions, were acutely exposed to visual, audiogenic, or thermal stress. Two to 30 min after stress onset, the rats were decapitated, and trunk blood was collected from serum LH, FSH, and testosterone (T) determinations. While basal serum LH levels were found to be normal in all experimental groups, FSH levels were reduced in CHD and AHD rats, and serum T concentrations were found to be 3-fold greater than control values in the AHD group. In intact animals, exposure to all modalities caused significant elevations in serum levels of both LH and T, with no effect on FSH secretion. In the CHD and AHD groups, the LH and T responses were eliminated, with the exception of the T response to heat exposure, which persisted in CHD animals. In the PHD group, the LH and T responses persisted and were, in fact, potentiated. Bilateral medial forebrain bundle lesions inhibited the LH and T responses to audiogenic and thermal, but not to visual, stimulation. These data demonstrate that 1) basal FHS, but not LH, secretion is dependent upon extrahypothalamic afferents to the medial basal hypothalamus; 2) acute neurogenic stress stimulates LH and T, but not FSH, secretion; and 3) central nervous system sites, rostral to the medial basal hypothalamus, mediate the stress-induced elevations in LH release. PMID- 6785078 TI - Acute effects of exogenous progesterone on follicular steroidogenesis in the cyclic rat. AB - The effects of exogenous progesterone (P) on follicular steroidogenesis and serum gonadotropins in the cyclic rat were determined using in vivo and in vitro approaches. A single sc injection of 800 micrograms progesterone at 0900 h on diestrus II (day 0) consistently postponed ovulation by 24 h in 4-day cyclic rats, with no change in the ovulation rate. The preovulatory surges in serum LH and FSH were delayed by 1 day and occurred on day 2 in the P-treated animals. After the injection of 800 micrograms P at 0900 h on diestrus II, peak serum levels of P were reached 3 h later and thereafter decreased to basal levels by 1500 h on day 1. Within 1 h after injecting P, serum LH and FSH decreased to values below control levels; serum LH did not recover during the next 48 h, whereas serum FSH returned to basal levels within 6 h. An abrupt fall in serum 17 beta-estradiol occurred within 1 h after the administration of P. This drastic decline in serum estradiol was paralleled by temporally related decreases in serum LH and FSH but not by changes in serum testosterone. By 0900 h on day 1 (24 h after P injection), serum and estradiol returned to values within the range observed on diestrus II, then gradually increased to proestrous values by day 2. Within 3 h after the administration of P, the initial content and the in vitro production rate of P, testosterone, and 17 beta-estradiol by antral follicles decreased in the P-treated animals compared to that in follicles of control animals, whereas the follicular content the production rate of 20 alpha dihydroprogesterone were unaffected. Thus, in the cyclic rat, the inhibitory effects of exogenous P on follicular steroidogenesis are mediated in this dose range through the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, especially via lowering serum LH. PMID- 6785077 TI - The actions of porcine follicular fluid and estradiol on periovulatory secretion of gonadotropic hormones in rats. PMID- 6785079 TI - Serotonin stimulates thyrotropin-releasing hormone release from superfused rats hypothalami. PMID- 6785080 TI - Changes in hypophyseal hormones associated with accelerated aging and tumorigenesis of the ovaries in neonatally thymectomized mice. AB - Neonatal thymectomy at 3 days of age in mice results in ovarian dysgenesis, characterized by early follicular and oocyte loss, followed by a high incidence of ovarian tumorigenesis. Thymectomized animals with dysgenetic ovaries had extremely high levels of circulating PRL and gonadotropins before the appearance of the ovarian tumors, supporting the hypothesis that prolonged stimulation by gonadotropic hormones induces ovarian tumors. The levels of LH and FSH, however, were low by the time the tumors actually appeared, indicating a lag period between hormonal stimulation and the actual onset of the tumors. The data suggest that since thymectomized female mice exhibit a hastening of reproductive aging, these animals may be useful models for studying aging of the reproductive system, including the hormonal events which precede tumorigenesis. PMID- 6785081 TI - Ovarian and peripheral blood inhibin concentrations increase with gonadotropin treatment in immature rats. AB - The effects of PMSG treatment on ovarian and circulating inhibin concentrations in immature female rats has been examined. Sixty-four hours after injection of 10, 20 or 40 IU of PMSG the animals were anesthetized with ether; ovaries, uteri and blood from the abdominal aorta were collected. Steroid-free extracts of ovary and serum samples were prepared and assayed quantitatively for inhibin activity in an in vitro bioassay system. PMSG treatment elevated (p less than 0.001) both uterine and ovarian wt, and ovarian and peripheral concentrations of inhibin. A dose-related increase occurred ovarian wt, and in peripheral and ovarian content of inhibin. Ovarian inhibin concentration increased with dose of PMSG until the highest dose, where a significant decline and luteinization were seen. Peripheral FSH levels were significantly lowered at all doses of PMSG treatment; in contrasts, LH was significantly elevated, due to cross-reaction of PMSG in the LH assay. These results show that both ovarian and circulating levels of inhibin are related to the degree of gonadotropic stimulation, supporting the view that inhibin is involved in folliculogenesis and in the feedback regulation of FSH. PMID- 6785082 TI - Further studies on the hypothalamic desensitization to estrogen in immature female rats: evidence for a possible role in the control of puberty. AB - Immature and puberal female rats were ovariectomized and implanted with estradiol benzoate and cholesterol at the ratios of 1:120 or 1:240 into the hypothalamic ventromedial-arcuate region at 26 or 32 days of age, or on the day of the first vaginal estrus. Evaluation of the serum LH and FSH concentrations on the 2nd day after implantation revealed that the gonadotropin-inhibiting effect of the locally administered estrogen decreased between days 26 and 32 and showed a further distinct decline at the time of puberty. In a second experiment, uterine weight and serum LH and FSH levels were monitored in untreated immature female rats at daily intervals from 25 to 36 days of age. Relatively high values for both gonadotropins were recorded between days 25 and 28. Accelerated uterine growth around day 30 indicating increasing estrogen secretion was associated with a sudden decrease of LH and FSH concentration in the blood. After that, LH and, to a less degree FSH levels began to rise in spite of further weight gain of the uterus. The results suggest that the hypothalamic sensitivity to the gonadotropin inhibiting effect of estrogen declines during the last week before the onset of puberty. Together with other findings they furthermore indicate that this desensitization process may be involved in the neurohormonal control of puberty in female rats. PMID- 6785083 TI - Studies on progesterone receptors during protein malnutrition and steroid maintained pregnancy in rat. AB - The distribution pattern of progesterone receptors (PR) in nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments of uterus and factors affecting the PR levels were studied. The concentration of nuclear PR was decreased significantly on day 15 and 20 of dietary protein restriction, both in non-mated and mated rats. However, a marked decline in cytosol PR levels was observed only in non-mated protein-free diet (PFD) rats. During steroid-maintained pregnancy the concentration of PR in uterine nuclei was significantly higher on day 15 of gestation than those obtained on day 20. In contrast, the levels of PR in cytosol, were much higher on day 20 of gestation in steroid maintained as well as normal pregnant rats. The translocation studies revealed that the magnitude of translocated PR complex to the nucleus (at 3 h) was more pronounced in protein deficient rats and the time dependent replenishment of cytosol PR was not observed in above group, as proposed for estrogen receptors. Administration of estradiol 17-beta to PFD-rats resulted in an increase in cytosol PR without altering the nuclear PR levels. In addition, protein deficient rats exhibited a higher Kd value than normally fed rats. In conclusion, it can be suggested that these fluctuations in uterine PR are related to changes in endogenous hormone levels and binding affinity of receptor molecules. PMID- 6785084 TI - Endocrine function after spontaneous infarction of the human pituitary: report, review, and reappraisal. PMID- 6785085 TI - Pathogenesis of endocrine abnormalities in uremia. PMID- 6785086 TI - Biochemical and genetic characterization of an auxotroph of Bacillus subtilis altered in the Acyl-CoA:acyl-carrier-protein transacylase. AB - We have analyzed a mutation of Bacillus subtilis (bfmB) that results in an acyl CoA:acyl-carrier-protein transacylase with low affinity for branched acyl-CoA substrates; it maps in the acf-hisH region of the chromosome. The aceA mutation, present in the parent of the bfmB mutant, causes a deficiency in pyruvate dehydrogenase and maps in the pycA-pyrA region. Strains carrying the bfmB mutation synthesize branched-chain fatty acids at a rate sufficient for normal growth only if branched acyl-CoA precursors are present in the medium. They grow well if the medium is supplemented with 0.1 mM 2-methylbutyrate, isobutyrate or isovalerate, or with 1.0 mM isoleucine or valine; leucine does not support growth. Growth supported by valine and isoleucine is inhibited by butyrate and other straight short-chain fatty acids at concentrations (0.1 mM) which do not inhibit growth of the standard strain; the inhibition is prevented by short branched fatty acids which are converted to long-chain fatty acids appearing as activity of B. subtilis is controlled by separate enzymatic sites for the acyl CoA precursors of branched and straight-chain fatty acids. Whether these sites are contained in one or two enzymes is not known. PMID- 6785087 TI - Calcium transport by intact synaptosomes. Influence of ionophore A23187 on plasma membrane potential, plasma-membrane calcium transport, mitochondrial membrane potential, respiration, cytosolic free-calcium concentration and noradrenaline release. AB - Ionophore A23187, a Ca2+/2H+ exchanger, has multiple effects on the function of isolated nerve endings (synaptosomes). (a) There is a net uptake of Ca2+, the rate of which increases with ionophore concentration. (b) When Ca2+ uptake is terminated by EGTA, the ionophore induces an apparent efflux of Ca2+. (c) The plasma-membrane potential, calculated from the 86Rb+ distribution, decreases slowly upon addition of the ionophore. (d) Release of [3H]noradrenaline induced by the ionophore consists of a rapid phase followed by a subsequent slower phase, which coincides with the fall in plasma-membrane potential. (e) Ouabain depolarizes the plasma membrane without inducing the rapid phase of transmitter release. (f) The membrane potential of intrasynaptosomal mitochondria determined in situ falls rapidly upon addition of A23187, and there is a synchronous increase in synaptosomal respiration. (g) All these effects require external Ca2+ and the same range of ionophore concentrations. (h) Using the respiratory stimulation induced by the ionophore in isolated mitochondria to calibrate the cytosolic concentration of free Ca2+ in intact synaptosomes it is concluded that the cytosolic Ca2+ required for release of [3H]noradrenaline is in the range 1-10 microM. PMID- 6785088 TI - Synthesis and export of colicin A and colicin E1 during inhibition of lipid synthesis. AB - The antibiotic cerulenin, a specific inhibitor of fatty acid synthesis was used to demonstrate that colicin A and colicin E1 can be synthesized and exported during inhibition of lipid synthesis. PMID- 6785089 TI - Conservative management of infantile pyloric stenosis by nasoduodenal feeding. AB - Fifty cases of infantile plyoric stenosis were treated conservatively by transpyloric nasoduodenal tube feeding. The mean age on admission was 38.2 days. Transpyloric intubation was carried out in all patients and 45 (90%) with infantile pyloric stenosis were cured by nasuduodenal feeding. Among 5 (10%) requiring surgical intervention, abandonment of nasoduodenal feeding was the cause in only 3, and the parents chose an operation in the remaining 2 a few days after nasoduodenal feeding had been started. In non-surgically cured cases (45), mean body weights on admission and at discharge were 3,750 g and 5,177 g respectively; the duration of nasoduodenal feeding was 8 to 37 days (mean 17.2 days), mean weight gain during nasoduodenal feeding was 42.7 g/day and mean hospital stay was 39.7 days (38.0 days in 43 cases without any associated disorder). This experience suggests that nasoduodenal feeding in this report is a more effective treatment for infantile pyloric stenosis than any traditional medical treatment and it could be the preferred management in the small group of patients for whom an operation could carry a high risk, or whose parents refuse operation. PMID- 6785090 TI - Prevention of vasospasms during extensive renal surgery. An experimental study in rats. AB - Six methods for prevention of renal arterial vasospasms, due to extensive surgical trauma are compared in an experimental study in rats. The 'proximal transit time' was chosen as a measure for renal arterial flow 1, 5, 10 and 15 min after a standard surgical trauma. Xylocaine infiltration around the renal pedicle was least effective. Hydration of the rat, preoperative mannitol perfusion, and preoperative phenoxybenzamine treatment gave comparable effects and were significantly better than no treatment. The topical application of papaverine (1 mg/kg) around the renal pedicle did significantly better than the above-mentioned methods. The most effective treatment, however, was the combination of hydration, mannitol perfusion and papaverine application around the renal pedicle. PMID- 6785092 TI - Inhibitory effect of levamisole and adriamycin on rat mammary cancer induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. PMID- 6785093 TI - Five-year results by intensive high voltage therapy of inoperable bronchial carcinoma. PMID- 6785091 TI - Demonstration and preliminary characterization of an antigen in the insoluble extracts of human transitional cell carcinoma. PMID- 6785094 TI - Effects of furosemide and orthostasis on active and inactive renin in normal and anephric man. AB - We investigated active and inactive (acid-activatable) plasma renin in anephric and in normal persons. In anephric patients (n = 15) plasma concentration of active and inactive renin was 1.15 +/-- 0.2 and 40.7 +/- 7.1 microunits ml, respectively; angiotensin II (n = 13) was 14.5 +/- 1.9 pg/ml. Furosemide (n = 10), 40 mg i.v., and upright posture (n = 8) did not change active or inactive renin in the anephric state. In normal men, furosemide (n = 9) within 15 min increased active renin from 29.9 +/- 5.8 to 82.4 +/- 14.8 microunits/ml (P less than 0.001), while inactive renin slightly but not significantly decreased from 136.3 +/- 29.9 to 121.1 +/- 19.2 microunits/ml; orthostasis (n = 15) within 4 h stimulated active renin (P less than 0.001) and slightly raised inactive renin (P less than 0.05). Both furosemide and orthostasis increased (P less than 0.001 each) the proportion of active renin in normal persons. Studies in one patient within 24 h after bilateral nephrectomy indicated half-life to be 30-60 min for active and 2-4 h for inactive renin. Thus, we detected low levels of active renin and considerable amounts of inactive renin and angiotensin II in anephric patients. Our data suggest that about 30% of inactive renin in normal plasma is of extrarenal origin. The stimulation of active renin by furosemide and orthostasis is bound to the presence of the kidney. Our studies provide indirect evidence that both manoeuvres may stimulate the conversion of inactive to active renin within the human kidney. PMID- 6785095 TI - On the diabetogenic effect of growth hormone in man: effects of growth hormone of glucagon and insulin secretion. AB - The effects of human growth hormone (GH) on glucose homeostasis and the secretion of insulin and glucagon was investigated in eighteen healthy subjects. GH (40 microgram/kg) was given as a 30 min i.v. infusion and was followed immediately, or after 60 min, by either a glucose infusion, or an i.v. L-arginine infusion or i.v. insulin (0.05 IU/kg). An insulin-like effect of GH was seen about 15 min after the start of the GH infusion, and became a diabetogenic action 90 min later. Basal and glucose stimulated insulin secretion were suppressed 60 min after the start of the GH infusion, while insulin response to i.v. L-arginine, on the whole, was uninfluenced. Basal glucagon as well as glucagon response to arginine or hypoglycaemia were uninfluenced by GH. GH did not alter the degree of hypoglycaemia reached after i.v. insulin, whereas the rapidity of blood glucose fall was significantly decreased. The restitution of blood glucose after its nadir was not modified by the hormone. These results demonstrate that the diabetogenic action of GH is not mediated by GH effects on glucagon secretion, and that GH is of little importance in the acute counter-regulation of insulin induced hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6785096 TI - Regulation of biosynthesis of trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen by nutritional and hormonal factors in the rat. PMID- 6785097 TI - The metabolism of fibrinogen and plasminogen related to diabetic retinopathy in man. AB - Metabolic turnover of fibrinogen and plasminogen were studied in thirty insulin treated diabetics and ten non-diabetic controls. 131-iodine labelled fibrinogen and 125-iodine labelled plasminogen were injected intravenously and the plasma clearance of the two proteins measured simultaneously over a period of 8 days. The diabetics were selected to represent three grades of severity of diabetic retinopathy assessed by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography; ten patients had no significant retinopathy, ten background and ten proliferative retinopathy. Subjects were matched as closely as possible for body weight, age and duration of diabetes. Plasma fibrinogen concentrations were higher in diabetics (3.24 g/l) than controls (2.65 g/l; P less than 0.025); the patients with the severest retinopathy had the highest fibrinogen concentrations (3.75 g/l). As a direct consequence of the elevation of plasma fibrinogen the catabolic rate was higher in diabetics (20.9 mg kg-1 day-1) than controls (14.0 mg kg-1 day-1; P less than 0.025) and higher in patients with background retinopathy (24.1 mg kg-1 day-1) and proliferative retinopathy (22.4 mg kg-1 day-1) than diabetics without retinopathy (16.3 mg kg-1 day-1; P = 0.05). Fibrin(ogen) degradation products were detectable in all diabetics but in only one-third of controls. Plasminogen metabolism was normal in all groups of diabetics. It is concluded that fibrinogen metabolism is increased in diabetes and bears a relationship to diabetic retinopathy but is not accompanied by significant alterations of plasminogen metabolism. PMID- 6785098 TI - In vitro inhibition of protein synthesis by dialysates of plasma from uraemic patients. AB - An in vitro technique was devised to test the effects on protein synthesis of plasma dialysate from control and uraemic subjects. Each plasma was dialysed for 24 h to extract the molecules having molecular weight less than 12,000 and the dialysate was lyophilized. Protein synthesis was studied in vitro, using a cell free system form mouse Krebs II ascites cells. The cells were lysed, and the 30,000 g supernatant ("S-30 lysate") was used to test the protein-synthesizing activity of dialysates of control and uraemic plasma. The rate of protein synthesis was monitored by measuring the incorporation of [14C]leucine into tri chloracetic acid-precipitable material in the presence of various amounts of plasma dialysate. The presence of normal plasma dialysate increased the [14C]leucine incorporation rate which went through a maximum for 20-22 microliters of added plasma dialysate. In contrast, in the presence of uraemic plasma dialysate, the incorporation rate of the radiolabel decreased as the amount of uraemic dialysate was raised. The ratio of incorporation in the presence of these two kinds of plasma dialysates significantly differed (P less than 0.01) in the range of 15-25 microliters of added plasma dialysate. Heating the uraemic plasma dialysate at 100 degrees C for 1 h prior to incubation almost restored the ratio of [14C]leucine incorporation to control values. Therefore it is concluded that: (1) uraemic plasma inhibits protein synthesis, (2) a significant part of this inhibitory effect is related to thermosensitive molecules, (3) the total inhibition appears to be the results of combined effects of ionic and organic compounds accumulated in uraemic plasma. PMID- 6785099 TI - The actions of saralasin on the renal circulation of man and dog; evidence for a sympathetic neural component to vasoconstriction. AB - The mechanism of renal vasoconstriction produced by saralasin and its dependence on the sympathetic nervous system was investigated in subjects with mild essential hypertension and in anaesthetized dogs. Fluid or saline was given to maximize agonist vasoconstrictor responses. The changes in renal haemodynamics produced by intravenously infused saralasin (dose 0.01-10 microgram kg-1 min-1) were assessed by clearance methods. In the patients, it induced a dose-related renal vasoconstriction which correlated with a rise in plasma noradrenaline levels. In dogs with innervated kidneys it also caused vasoconstriction. But in dogs with denervated kidneys it caused vasodilatation. Infusion at the highest dose directly into the renal artery of denervated kidneys induced only vasodilatation. We conclude that one component of the renal vasoconstriction that occurs with intravenous saralasin infusions is mediated by the renal nerves. PMID- 6785100 TI - Effect of indomethacin upon angiotensin-induced changes in blood pressure and plasma aldosterone in normal man. AB - The effect of indomethacin (75 mg/day for 3 days) on the response to i.v. angiotensin II was investigated in eight healthy, sodium-repleted, male subjects. Indomethacin reduced the release of aldosterone during the i.v. administration of angiotensin II (5, 10 and 20 ng kg-1 min-1), whereas the pressor response to angiotensin II and to succinamyl1-val5-phenylglycineacetate8-angiotensin II, an agonistic angiotensin II-analogue, was increased. Plasma renin concentration was reduced following treatment with indomethacin. These data confirm the modulatory influence of endogenous prostaglandins upon the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin II and could suggest a direct interference of prostaglandins with the secretion of aldosterone. PMID- 6785101 TI - Proliferative glomerulonephritis in rats: evidence that mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating the glomeruli stimulate the proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells. AB - A proliferative, non-crescentic, glomerulonephritis (GN) was induced in rats preimmunized with rabbit IgG by injecting a sub-nephrotoxic dose of rabbit anti GMA IgG. Control rats either received anti-GBM IgG only, or were totally irradiated (800 rads, kidneys protected) 2 days before the second injection. All the GN rats developed a severe proteinuria within 2-4 days after the injection of anti-GBM IgG, contrarily to the control rats. At the same time, many mononuclear cells, of predominantly extra-renal origin, infiltrated the glomeruli. Glomeruli were isolated from GN, normal and control rats and were cultivated in RPMI medium. In normal and control rats cultures, epithelial and mesangial cells were observed. In GN rat cultures, not only epithelial and mesangial cells, but also endothelial and macrophagic cells were identified; the outgrowth capacity of the mesangial cells was enhanced. These data were particularly evident in cultures of GN glomeruli isolated within 2-4 days after the induction of the renal disease, exactly when the glomeruli were infiltrated by a large number of mononuclear phagocytes. It is suggested that the mononuclear phagocytes infiltrating the glomeruli of rats with this model of GN stimulate the proliferation of endothelial and mesangial cells in vitro. PMID- 6785102 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: in vivo and in vitro correlation between T-cell activation and susceptibility in inbred strains of mice. PMID- 6785103 TI - Trypanosoma brucei: biochemical and morphological changes during in vitro transformation of bloodstream- to procyclic-trypomastigotes. PMID- 6785104 TI - Pharmacokinetics of a combination of raubasine, dihydroergocristine and dihydroergotamine in dogs and human beings. PMID- 6785105 TI - Rapid formation of spermine skeletal muscle during tetanic stimulation. PMID- 6785106 TI - 4-N-N-dimethylamino-azobenzene-4'-isothiocyanate: a chromophoric, hydrophobic reagent for probing membrane-buried segments of intrinsic proteins. PMID- 6785107 TI - Identification of cysteinyldopa-derived units in eumelanins from mammalian eyes. PMID- 6785108 TI - Evidence that phosphatidic acid stimulates the uptake of calcium by liver cells but not calcium release from mitochondria. PMID- 6785109 TI - Arrangement of the charged groups in the three dimensional structure of pepsin. PMID- 6785110 TI - Platelets and coagulation proteins. AB - Platelets participate in hemostasis in part by their complex interrelationships with coagulation proteins. Several intrinsic platelet proteins are present in alpha-granules (fibrinogen, factor V, factor VIII antigen, platelet factor 4), in the cytosol (factor XIII), or in the membrane fraction (factor XI). Platelets also contribute to surface-mediated zymogen activations of plasma factors XII, XI, X, and prothrombin and bind several coagulation proteins including factor Xa, thrombin, and fibrinogen. Finally, platelets can protect coagulation enzymes (factors XIa and Xa) from inactivation by plasma proteinase inhibitors. Thereby intrinsic coagulation reactions occur preferentially on the platelet surface leading to fibrin formation within and around platelet plugs. PMID- 6785111 TI - Luteal phase dysfunction infertility: a sequel to aberrant folliculogenesis. PMID- 6785112 TI - Results of three-times-per-week long-term administration of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) analog, D-Ser-(TBU)6-LHRH-(EA)10 in primary amenorrhea. AB - The effectiveness of a luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone (LHRH) analog, D-Ser-(TBU)6-LHRH-(EA)10 (Hoe 766), applied intranasally in a 3 days-per-week regimen, was assessed in four patients with hypogonadotropic or normogonadotropic primary amenorrhea by measuring LH, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and estradiol (E2) levels before and 4 hours after its application and by observing the clinical effects of these hormones on the genital tract. The LH response increased progressively over the first 21 days (nine applications) in three of the four patients; it was subsequently reduced but never abolished throughout the study, which was terminated with the 25th application on the 59th day. Basal values of E2 increased until the 12th to 14th day (fifth or sixth application) and then showed a definite decline despite the continuing increase in LH response. FSH release attained a maximum by the second to fourth application and its magnitude of response remained remarkably stable thereafter. The clinical response did not correspond to the serum levels of E2. It is postulated that the development of LH unresponsiveness is due to desensitization of the receptors by the analog. The poor response of the genital tissues to the normal levels of E2 and the subsequent decrease in E2 levels, which occurred despite increasing LH responsiveness, are attributed to an inhibitory action of the analog on E2 biosynthesis in the ovary and on E2 receptors in the genital organs. PMID- 6785113 TI - Application of a sperm micro-immobilization test to cervical mucus in the investigation of immunologic infertility. AB - A complement-dependent sperm micro-immobilization test for antisperm antibodies in cervical mucus was evaluated in 195 infertile women. Positive tests were obtained among 17% of women with "unexplained" and 12% with an "organic" basis for their infertility. The results confirmed previous reports of the presence of cervical mucus antibodies in the absence of corresponding activity in serum. Non complement-dependent sperm-immobilizing activity was also detected in the cervical mucus of several patients. During a follow-up period of 9 to 24 months, 10% of those with "unexplained" infertility who had complement-dependent sperm immobilizing antibodies in their mucus became pregnant, compared with 29% of those without antibodies. The corresponding pregnancy rates for patients with "'organic" infertility were 18% and 11%. In four patients with positive tests who subsequently conceived, further tests failed to detect the persistence of the immobilizing activity. PMID- 6785114 TI - Survival of bacteria after freezing of human semen in liquid nitrogen. AB - Thirty-four semen samples from fertile men were subjected to bacteriologic evaluation before and after freezing to -196 degrees C using 10% glycerol as the protective medium. Cultures of the fresh portions from all ejaculates examined showed the presence of aerobic bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium sp., alpha-streptococci, and nonhemolytic streptococci were found so commonly that they were considered commensals. Enterococci, Escherichia coli, S. aureus, and beta-hemolytic streptococci group B, as well as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. maltophilia, and P. fluorescens, were also recovered from a few semen samples of these fertile men. Practically all bacteria isolated from the fresh ejaculate were also recovered from the portions frozen in liquid nitrogen. PMID- 6785115 TI - Gonadotropin secretion in rats bearing a prolactin-secreting pituitary tumor: effects of naloxone administration. AB - In this study the effects of the implantation of the transplantable rat prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary tumor 7315a on gonadotropin secretion were investigated. Hyperprolactinemia was accompanied by suppressed plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The total PRL content of the host's pituitary gland was decreased, but the glands of tumor bearing animals contained greatly increased amounts of LH and FSH. Chronic administration of naloxone to tumor-bearing rats for 5 days further diminished the already suppressed total PRL content of the pituitary gland, normalized the total LH content, and did not affect the FSH content. The pituitary glands from tumor-bearing rats given naloxone showed a higher ability to release LH in vitro. Hyperprolactinemia in rats is accompanied by an increased total gonadotropin content of the pituitary gland with lowered circulating gonadotropin levels. Some of the PRL-induced changes on LH synthesis and release are mediated by opioid receptors in the hypothalamus, as naloxone administration reversed some of these effects. PMID- 6785116 TI - Ovarian response to short- and long-term administration of exogenous gonadotropin in patients with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea: comparison with women with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea. PMID- 6785117 TI - [Significance of LH-, FSH- and PRL determination by radioimmunoassay and of testicular biopsy findings in poor semen quality (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785118 TI - [Beta-Galactosidase activity in serum of systemic sclerosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785119 TI - Injuries to the iris and corneal endothelium in intraocular surgeries. AB - The changes in the corneal endothelium at the centre of the cornea were followed after intracapsular cataract extraction and penetrating keratoplasty, by means of specular microscopy and morphometry using a computerized image analyzer. The corneal endothelium undergoes progressive transformation in its size over a period of more than 1 year. In penetrating keratoplasty, progressive increase in the cell size appears to occur over a longer postoperative period. The injury to the iris leaves permanent tissue defects and this is due to insufficient fibroblastic activity of the iris. Iris injury probably initiates synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) in the human eyes. Topical indomethacin prevents atropine resistant miosis during aspiration of soft cataract and also reduces intraocular inflammation after intracapsular extraction of senile cataract. It is hypothesized that these responses are related to PG release induced by iris injuries. Topical indomethacin also reduces incidence and severity of the cystoid macular oedema after intracapsular cataract extraction, but systemic administration appears to have little effect. Indomethacin is accumulated in the ciliary processes of rabbits by temperature- and ouabain-sensitive processes and the accumulation is inhibited by probenecid and PGE. It is possible that indomethacin is subject to elimination from the eye by a similar process as are PGs, and this may account for poor intraocular penetration from the systemic route. This justifies topical application of this drug. PMID- 6785120 TI - Effects of prolactin and bromocriptine on the luteal phase in infertile women. AB - Infertile women with regular periods but with shortened luteal phases were found to have higher mean levels of serum prolactin and lower serum progesterone levels in the midluteal phase than women with apparently normal ovarian function (P less than 0.001). Serum estrogens and gonadotropins did not differ from the reference group but the ratio FSH/LH was reduced in the midluteal phase (P less than 0.05). LHRH-loading test in the midfollicular phase also resulted in a lower ratio of FSH/LH (P less than 0.05). Thirty-six infertile women with short luteal phases were treated with bromocriptine in a double-blind fashion. The drug moderately reduced the length of the cycle (P less than 0.01). The hyperthermia of the luteal phase was measured planimetrically. Both the total area and the area per day of the luteal phase were significantly increased during the cycles of active treatment (P less than 0.02 and 0.05, respectively). Prolactin was depressed by the drug. After cessation of therapy a very significant rebound elevation of prolactin for at least 2 wk was noted. Bromocriptine therapy further reduced FSH levels at midcycle. Estrogens were elevated during the midluteal phase whereas progesterone was not affected by the treatment. Seven conceptions occurred during the study, six of which during placebo treatment. The conception cycles were characterized by significantly higher levels of progesterone and estrogens during the luteal phase as opposed to the infertile cycles. Four of the pregnancies terminated in spontaneous abortion. The endocrine data of these conception cycles did not differ from those of the successful ones. PMID- 6785121 TI - Sensory projections from normal and homoeotically transformed antennae in Drosophila. PMID- 6785122 TI - Regeneration by complementary wing disc fragments of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6785123 TI - Fusion of chick embryo skeletal myoblasts: role of calcium influx preceding membrane union. PMID- 6785124 TI - Virologic control of monkeys used for the production of poliomyelitis virus vaccine. AB - Wild-caught or captive-bred cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) used at the National Institute of Public Health for the production of inactivated poliomyelitis virus vaccine are extensively controlled for the presence of antiviral antibodies in their sera. With relatively simple methods of segregation and hygienic measures it seems possible to keep the animals free of infections with certain viruses including Herpesvirus simiae and foamy viruses, which is of obvious importance for Public Health and for vaccine production. PMID- 6785125 TI - Proposals on the control of VERO cells used to prepare inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine. AB - The purpose of this study is to know if it is possible to prepare inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines on Vero cell culture. In the cloned cell line used to prepare the vaccines, we have looked for an eventual toxic effect by different system tests. The cells between the 148e and 151e passage used to prepare the vaccines were inoculated into: - suckling mice, rabbits and guinea pigs - embryonated eggs. The supernatant fluid of the cells was inoculated into: - Vero cells - Primary rabbit kidney cells - Primary monkey kidney cells. We have also looked for an eventual tumorigenic effect on immunodepressed mice with an antithymocytic serum. The results of the assays are presented and discussed. PMID- 6785126 TI - The large-scale cultivation of VERO cells in micro-carrier culture for virus vaccine production. Preliminary results for killed poliovirus vaccine. AB - As the increasing shortage of monkeys is a reality, the application of an alternative cell substrate for large-scale production of Killed Poliomyelitis Vaccine (KPV) was studied. Through progress of scientific knowledge the non tumorigenic VERO cell line was considered to be a suitable alternative cell substrate for this purpose. The Master-Cell-Bank and Working-Cell-Banks prepared by us are giving a practically inexhaustible cell source. Using micro-carrier culture, weekly more than 400 billions of cells at a concentration of 10(6) cells per ml could be obtained for virus inoculation. The virus yield per cell was at least as high as for primary monkey kidney cells. Processing of virus harvests could be performed according to the methods used at the production on primary monkey kidney cells. From a technological view-point large-scale production of KPV on VERO cells appears to be possible economically. More research on the safety control might be necessary. PMID- 6785127 TI - Insulin in insects and annelids. AB - The fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster, and the earthworm, Annelida oligocheta, were extracted with acid-ethanol by a classic method for recovering insulin from the pancreas. When each extract was filtered on a Sephadex G-50 column, a distinct peak of insulin immunoreactivity. The material in this peak had reactivity insulin (equivalent to 0.1 to 2 ng of insulin/g wet weight) was recovered in the region typical of insulin bioassay, measuring stimulation of glucose oxidation or lipogenesis by isolated rat adipocytes. The bioactivity was partially or largely neutralized by anti-insulin antibodies. In concordance with previous work showing the presence of material very similar to insulin in the blowfly and molluscs, we have confirmed the presence of insulin in insects and extended the observation to the earthworms. These findings suggest that insulin is more widespread in invertebrates than was previously thought. In a companion study (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6184-88, 1980), we have demonstrated material similar to insulin in unicellular organisms. PMID- 6785128 TI - Islet cells grow after transplantation of fetal pancreas and control of diabetes. PMID- 6785129 TI - Analysis of glycosaminoglycan from diabetic and normal Chinese hamster cells. AB - Diabetic and normal cell lines from Chinese hamster kidneys were cultured in media containing 35SO4 and 3H-glucosamine. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) were extracted and analyzed from the media, trypsin, and cell pellet by enzymatic and electrophoretic procedures. Significant increases in the hyaluronic acid content were noted in all three fractions of diabetic GAGs when compared with normals. In addition, an increased heparan sulfate content and decreased chondroitin sulfate amounts were noted in diabetic cell lines. These data suggest that in vivo changes in GAG types and amounts in diabetic kidneys seen by others may also be seen in cultured cells. PMID- 6785130 TI - Dual effects of veratridine on glucagon and insulin secretion: dependence upon extracellular and intracellular calcium. AB - The stimulatory effect of the sodium ionophore, veratridine (10, 25 and 50 microM), on glucagon and insulin secretion was investigated using monolayer cultures of newborn rat pancreas. The results suggest that intracellular accumulation of sodium modulates hormone secretion from both alpha- and beta cells. The action of veratridine is dependent, at least in part, on the extracellular calcium as its effect was attenuated or lost when extracellular calcium was deleted. Its action was also dependent on intracellular calcium since preincubation of cells in low, normal, or high calcium to diminish, maintain, or increase intracellular calcium, followed by incubation with veratridine in the absence of calcium, altered the secretory responses of both glucagon and insulin. Ouabain (0.5 mM) stimulated glucagon and insulin secretion, although its effect was less than that of veratridine (50 microM). These results suggest that a common releasing mechanism, dependent on extra- and intracellular calcium, is involved in both endocrine cells. PMID- 6785131 TI - Clinical trial of an aldose reductase inhibitor in diabetic neuropathy. AB - A single-blind, nonrandomized, placebo crossover clinical trial of an aldose reductase inhibitor, Alrestatin (AY 22, 284) was performed over a 4-mo period in nine patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Most patients had subjective benefit, but objective measures of conduction were essentially unchanged. Substantial toxicity was evident, particularly photosensitive skin rash. PMID- 6785132 TI - Irreversibility of glomerular basement membrane accumulation despite reversibility of renal hypertrophy with islet transplantation in early experimental diabetes. AB - A quantitative morphologic study of the glomeruli in rats after 4 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes showed a number of glomerular changes, as previously described. Of particular interest was the increase in the total amount of glomerular basement membrane material [from 0.94 +/- 0.13 (SD) mm3 to 1.26 +/- 0.14 mm3 per kidney]. This parameter did not change after 4 wk of normoglycemia following islet cell transplantation (1.19 +/- 0.17 mm3), nor was the total glomerular volume normalized. The contralateral kidney was weighed and used for estimating the total amounts of protein, RNA, and DNA. Four weeks of diabetes expectedly resulted in a 50% increase in kidney weight, and islet cell transplantation diminished this to 15% in excess of normal. The average cell size (protein/DNA ratio) paralleled the kidney size after diabetes and following transplantation. The average amount of RNA per cell (RNA/DNA) increased significantly after induction of diabetes and was totally normalized after transplantation. Kidney protein concentration (mg protein/mg kidney) remained constant throughout the experiment. Considering that a few weeks of diabetes provokes a large increase in basement membrane material, it is especially noteworthy that 1 mo of normoglycemia is quite insufficient to reverse the accumulation. PMID- 6785134 TI - Stimulation of mucosal growth by gastric and ileal infusion of single amino acids in parenterally nourished rats. AB - The effect on the intestinal mucosa of continuously infusing single amino acids, glycine, valine and histidine into the stomach and ileum was compared with saline and an amino acid mixture (AA) in rats fed to parenteral nutrition. After gastric infusion, glycine did not differ from saline, valine increased mucosa in the proximal segments and histidine alone increased mucosa in the proximal bowel equal to AA. After ileal infusion, all amino acids increased mucosa in the ileum. Valine and histidine, but not glycine, increased mucosa in the remote proximal small bowel. Therefore, regional differences occur in mucosal growth response to single amino acids. PMID- 6785133 TI - Renal function and effects of partial rehydration during diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6785135 TI - Long-term care alternatives in northern communities. PMID- 6785137 TI - Insulin secretion by the transplanted neonatal pancreas during food intake in fasted and fed rats. PMID- 6785138 TI - Failure of successful intrasplenic transplantation of islets from lean mice to cure obese-hyperglycaemic mice, despite islet growth. AB - Implantation of allogeneic pancreatic islets encapsulated in Millipore diffusion chambers has been reported to normalize the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome in mice. In the present study, both young and adult ob/ob mice remained hyperglycaemic and gained weight after intrasplenic implantation of 500 isogeneic islets isolated from lean mice. Such islets normalized the elevated blood-glucose of alloxan-diabetic lean mice. Morphometric analysis of the intrasplenically implanted islets showed that the mean islet volume in the ob/ob mice was five times larger than that of the lean, non-diabetic mice. Immunocytochemical staining of the spleens showed an increased proportion of B-cells in the enlarged, intrasplenic islets in the ob/ob mice. Moreover, autoradiographical examination of these islets demonstrated the presence of several labelled cells. These results suggest that the growth of the implanted "lean" islets is due to extrapancreatic factors which stimulate islet cell replication in the obese hyperglycaemic mouse. PMID- 6785139 TI - Immunogenetic studies of familial large bowel cancer. PMID- 6785140 TI - Properties of cell lots suitable for focus assay in the chemical transformation of Syrian hamster cells in culture. AB - Various lots of cells obtained from Syrian hamster tissues were examined to determine their suitability for focus assay in chemical transformation in culture. Only a few lots of cells showed growth with sparse cell density during cultivation for 3 weeks without subcultivation, and not all lots of cells produced morphologically transformed foci after treatment with a carcinogen. Further, responsiveness to a tumor promotor, 12-O-tetradecanoly phorbol-13 acetate (TPA), differed among different cell lots; cell lots which induced abundant growth consisting of small spindle-shaped multilayered cells upon treatment with TPA corresponded to those in which carcinogen treatment induced transformed colonies. When TPA was applied in transformation experiments, the morphologically transformed foci grew larger in cultures maintained in the TPA medium than in cultures kept in the TPA-free medium. We suggest that cell lots which show relatively sparse cell density at confluent culture and which show abundant growth consisting of small multilayered cells upon induction with TPA are suitable for transformation assay. PMID- 6785141 TI - [Investigation of gonadotropic function in 35 male cirrhotic patients: LHRH and clomiphene tests (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785136 TI - Pancreas and islet transplantation. I. Experimental studies. PMID- 6785142 TI - [Ambulatory and home parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6785144 TI - Evidence for endothelial cell origin of vinyl chloride-induced hepatic angiosarcoma. AB - Previous reports of hepatic angiosarcoma have not clearly defined the cellular type from which this tumor arises, as evidenced by the terminology of endothelioma, Kupffer cell sarcoma, endothelial cell sarcoma, and hemangioendothelial sarcoma, etc., which have been used interchangeably. In addition, there has been no consensus on the separate entity of Kupffer and sinusoidal endothelial cells. In the work presented here, evidence for the endothelial cell origin of this tumor is provided by the demonstration of factor VIII, a known endothelial cell marker, in the tumor cells. Fluorescence due to the presence of factor VIII appeared intense in the tumor sinusoidal cells of all four vinyl chloride-associated angiosarcomas studied, whereas normal liver sinusoidal lining cells showed negligible fluorescence. PMID- 6785143 TI - Effect of topical application of amino acids on gastric pepsin secretion in the rat. AB - The effect of amino acids and other chemicals of intragastric perfusion on pepsin secretion was studied in anaesthetized rats. Irrigation of the stomach with glycine caused concentration-dependent increase in pepsin output, but not in acid output. Pepsin stimulatory effect was decreased by an increase of the carbon chain between the amino group and carboxyl group of glycine and by transposing the amino group from alpha- to gamma-position in amino-n-butyric acid. Acidification of perfusate, a local irrigation of lidocaine and an intravenous infusion of atropine reduced but did not abolish the pepsin response to chemical stimulation. Since serum gastrin level was not changed from basal levels during pepsin secretion induced by amino acids, the mechanism of chemical stimulation appears to be gastrin-independent. The comparison of the secretagogue activity of amino acids shows that glycine exhibited the strongest stimulation of pepsin output, reaching 208% of the response to tetragastrin at the dose of 8 microgram/kg/hour. All other amino acids tested were found to stimulate pepsin secretion, whereas bovine serum albumin and hydrochloric acid were inert in this respect. The result indicates that the chemical stimulation of the stomach by amino acids is capable of inducing pepsin secretion by a local, gastrin independent mechanism sensitive to pH and related to the molecular configuration of amino acids. PMID- 6785145 TI - Gold-induced eosinophilic enterocolitis: response to oral cromolyn sodium. PMID- 6785146 TI - Effect on storage on assay of enzyme activity. PMID- 6785147 TI - Photoinducible phase for gonadotropin secretion entrained to dawn in Japanese quail. PMID- 6785148 TI - Effect of intratesticular administration of gonadotropins on testicular and plasma androgen concentration in the lizard, Uromastix hardwicki. PMID- 6785149 TI - Gonadotropin specificity of in vitro testosterone secretion by fish testes. PMID- 6785150 TI - Vitellogenesis and its hormonal regulation in the pacific hagfish, Eptatretus stouti L. PMID- 6785151 TI - [Isolation and analysis of phage-resistant Pseudomonas putida mutants using new bacteriophages]. AB - Three new bacteriophages of Pseudomonas putida PpG1 have been isolated. Bacteriophages differ in many characteristics and are unrelated. Phage-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas putida PpG1 are selected using these phages and pf16 bacteriophage. No lysogenic variants were detected among these mutants. They have been distributed in seven groups according to their resistance to bacteriophages. The resistance to PMW phage was caused by at least two different mutations. Some of the phage-resistant mutants seem to cause the killing effect on Pseudomonas putida PpG1 cells. PMID- 6785152 TI - [Radiosensitive Drosophila lines. II. Identification of the mutant chromosome 2 genes that control mutagen sensitivity]. AB - Genetic control of somatic mutagen sensitivity was studied in a strain of Drosophila melanogaster containing mutations in the second chromosome. The method used allowed to identify the determinants of different kind of sensitivity in the same experiment. It has been shown that the second chromosome of the strain analysed carries two independent mutations, one of them determining supersensitivity of Drosophila larvae to ionizing radiation, the other--to methyl methane-sulfonate. Mutant loci have been located at 59,9 +/- 1,1 and 73,8 +/- 2,5 units of the chromosome genetic map. They have been called rad(2)201G1 and mus(2)201G1, respectively. PMID- 6785153 TI - [Radiosensitive Drosophila lines. III. The influencing of rad(2)201G1 mutation on the expression of damaging radiation effects in the oocytes of females]. AB - The sensitivity of oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster to the damages induced by ionizing radiation was studied in the strain carrying rad(2)201G1 mutation and in the wild-type strain 3.4. Three days old females of these strains were treated with 1500 r of gamma-rays. Then the fertility of flies and dominant lethals in laid eggs were recorded during nine days. In addition, the number of oocytes and the frequency of their resorption in ovaries of females were counted. It has been shown that mutant females display stage-specific radiosensitivity in comparison with wild-type flies. The fertility of irradiated mutant flies has been decreased because of the delay of the development and the resorption of oocytes. Early stages of generative cells, from oogonia to oocytes-7 exhibit increased sensitivity to the resorption. Mutant egg chambers in the stages 1-7 also demonstrate a high frequency of induced dominant lethality which reaches the maximum in the oocytes 6-7. It is supposed that radiation-induced dominant lethality and resorption of immature mutant oocytes are the result of the same damages in nuclear genetical structures. PMID- 6785154 TI - [Characteristics of the mutagenic action of 1,4-bis-diazoacetylbutane on mature Drosophila melanogaster sperm]. AB - The mutagenic action of 1,4-bis-diazoacetylbutane was studied. No dominant lethals induced by this mutagen were detected. Up to 3.61% recessive lethal mutations were observed by the Muller-5 test. Visible mutations were detected, the majority of them having been obtained in the second generation. Four visible mutations from 11 observed concerned the eye shape and belonged to the same locus "Lobe" and 3 mutations--to the "chocolate" one. This effect might be due to the loci-specific action of the 1,4-bis-diazoacetylbutane. Three cases of replicating instability, with the stabilization of either mutant or normal state of the gene were registered. Strong morphogenic action of this mutagen has been revealed. PMID- 6785155 TI - [Analysis of the mutations induced by alkylating compounds in Drosophila sperm. II. The nature of the chemically induced unstable locus states in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Two types of unstable visible mutations induced by ethylnitrosourea and ethylmethanesulfonate were detected and studied. In cases of replicating instability, mutations newly emerging in the offspring of a single male were allelic. They were located either in a single site or in different sites of the gene. Substitution of autosomes in unstable lines was followed by stabilization of both normal and mutant phenotype in two cases of replicating instability. PMID- 6785156 TI - Asthma: special challenge in the elderly. PMID- 6785157 TI - Effect of ketogenic diets in gestation on some characteristics of carbohydrate metabolism in fetal pig brain and liver. AB - Maternal ketosis was induced in sows by feeding 20% of the dietary energy as 1,3 butylene glycol (BG), medium-chain triglycerides (MCT), or a combination of the two. Brain development and hepatic glycogen synthetase and phosphorylase were assessed in 105-day-old fetuses as a function of maternal diets. Butylene glycol was more ketogenic than MCT. Furthermore, maternal ketosis induced by BG increased fetal brain weight, protein content, and cell size. Maternal ketosis also increased fetal liver glycogen possibly by causing the accumulation of glucose residues in the liver by suppressing liver glycolysis. In addition, glycogen synthetase alpha was increased by maternal ketosis. A fetal form of synthetase was noted in the liver which was stimulated by glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) in the presence of Na2SO4, an inhibitor of the G6P-dependent form of the enzyme. PMID- 6785158 TI - Hyperprolactinemic primary amenorrhea: case report with successful prolactin lowering treatment and review of the literature. AB - A 19-year-old girl with primary amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia is described. Her high serum prolactin levels (95 ng/ml) did not increase after thyrotropin-releasing hormone and sulpiride, but markedly decreased after acute bromocriptine and metergoline administration. The results of other pituitary function tests were normal. Tomography of the sella turcica and CT scan of the skull were also normal. The patient was treated with metergoline, a prolactin lowering drug which is believed to act as a serotonin antagonist, for 30 months. Serum prolactin rapidly decreased after institution of treatment, with actual normalization (less than 20 ng/ml) by the 3rd month. At this time the low serum luteinizing hormone levels began to rise and fluctuate in the normal follicular range. Galactorrhea disappeared, and menarche occurred during the 15th month of treatment. 15 further menstrual bleedings ensued over the following 15 months, albeit at irregular time intervals; ovulation was suggested by finding elevated serum progesterone levels in the presumed luteal phase by about 1 year following the menarche. The available data on 38 patients with primary amenorrhea and hyperprolactinemia reported in the literature are reviewed. 15 of them were treated with bromocriptine, and either pregnancy or cyclic menses occurred in 11. Hyperprolactinemic primary amenorrhea may be more common than previously recognized, and it may probably be successfully treated by prolactin-lowering drugs or by surgical ablation of a pituitary adenoma in a high percentage of cases. PMID- 6785159 TI - In vitro studies of the adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other urogenital bacteria to vaginal and uroepithelial cells, with special regard to the menstrual cycle. AB - The adherence to vaginal epithelial and uroepithelial cells of three serogroups (W/I, W/II and W/III) and their colony colour opacity variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were studied with regard to the menstrual cycle, using an in vitro test method. Vaginal epithelial cells obtained in the post-menstrual phase attach more gonococci than cells obtained in the pre-menstrual phase. This difference was statistically highly significant (p less than 0.001) for the three serogroups tested. The adherence rate also differed with regard to the three serogroups used in the tests (W/II greater than W/III greater than W/I), and with regard to organisms from opaque greater than transparent). There was no variation in the adherence of gonococci to uroepithelial cells during the menstrual cycle. E coli, S. saprophyticus and group B streptococci showed a tendency to increased adherence to vaginal epithelial cells in the post-menstrual phase compared with ther pre-menstrual one, but the difference was not statistically significant. PMID- 6785160 TI - Adherence in vitro of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Escherichia coli and group B streptococci to vaginal epithelial cells of post-menopausal women. AB - The adherence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli and group B streptococci to vaginal epithelial cells from post-menopausal women was studied by an in vitro test system. It was found that the adherence rate of gonococci to vaginal cells from women on oestrogen treatment was statistically significantly higher (p less than 0.001) as compared to those without such a treatment. No increased adherence was found for E. coli and group B streptococci. The cellular and functional bases of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6785161 TI - T-lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6785162 TI - Blastic crisis ALL-like at presentation of chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6785163 TI - Aplastic anemia and thiamphenicol. PMID- 6785164 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells from a patient with Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 6785165 TI - [Natural cytotoxicity: effector cells and role of the immunoglobulins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785166 TI - Serum IgD in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6785167 TI - [Pelger-Huet's congenital anomaly: morphologic and functional study on 140 cases in Abruzzo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785168 TI - Eye involvement in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6785169 TI - [Childhood lymphoblast lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785170 TI - Platelet support in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6785171 TI - [Fanconi-Zinsser's disease associated to Lewandowsky-Lutz's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785172 TI - Bone marrow aplasia and thiamphenicol. PMID- 6785173 TI - Blood parasites of birds in Central Europe. 1. Survey of literature. The incidence in domestic birds and general remarks to the incidence in wild birds. AB - This paper constitutes an introduction to the forthcoming series of publications summing up the present store of knowledge on the incidence and ecology of avian haematozoa in Central Europe. The paper contains bibliography dealing with the incidence of these parasites in the region studied. The problem of the incidence of blood parasites in domestic birds is discussed in detail. The incidence of blood parasites in wild birds is only briefly outlined as it is to be treated in detail in forthcoming papers. PMID- 6785174 TI - Development of the beta + tau fraction of the cerebrospinal fluid of the chick embryo. PMID- 6785175 TI - Changes in glycogen, phosphorylase and glycogen synthase activity during cleavage of the rat ovum. PMID- 6785176 TI - The similarity of chorionic gonadotrophin and its subunits in term placentae from man, apes, old and New World monkeys and a prosimian. AB - Chorionic gonadotrophin (CG) was estimated, by bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA), in placental extracts from 11 ape and monkey species. There was a significant correlation between the results of the two assay systems (r = 0.903, p less than 0.001). The concentration of CG in most primate term placentae was the same as that in the human placenta at term. Extracts from all placentae cross reacted with antiserum to ovine LH-beta subunit, and those of the chimpanzee and gorilla also had a significant cross-reaction with an antiserum to the carboxyl terminal peptide of the HCG-beta subunit. Primate placentae chromatographed on Sephadex G-200 had components active in the RIA systems for HCG, HCG-alpha HCG beta subunits. In general, the elution profiles of all ape and monkey placental extracts resemble those made from human term placentae and of purified HCG and its subunits. The shape of the elution patterns from human and non-human material suggests that there was more than one molecular form of CG-alpha subunit activity. A second, more retarded molecular form having beta subunit activity was found in extracts made from human, gorilla, gibbon and rhesus monkey placentae. The similarity between the structure of ape and monkey placental CG with HCG and its subunits implies a function similar to that of HCG in late pregnancy. PMID- 6785177 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin-infusion in uncomplicated myocardial infarction? AB - Although nitroglycerin and nitroprusside reduce overall myocardial oxygen consumption in patients with acute myocardial infarction, potentially they may increase hypoxia in some areas of the myocardium. The effects on local coronary perfusion pressure and resultant changes in ischemia injury are unpredictably different from the aortic diastolic pressure. The basic principle which is emerging from both animal experiments and human studies is that the perfusion pressure to the ischemic zone must be maintained. Randomized prospective trials of the effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on survival rate or "infarct size" in acute myocardial infarction are not sufficient and thus inconclusive. In consequence, for the present intravenous nitroglycerin infusion should be limited to patients with elevated left ventricular filling pressure. Careful hemodynamic monitoring is mandatory. In 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction nitroprusside significantly reduced the arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference most probably by dilating the resistance vessels. Concomitantly, there was a significant decrease in myocardial lactate extraction. Therefore, nitroprusside can result in redistribution of intramyocardial flow and increase ischemic injury by a shift of blood flow to non-ischemic areas. During nitroglycerin infusion neither the mean arterial-coronary sinus oxygen difference nor the average myocardial lactate extraction changed. In individual patients the myocardial lactate extraction may deteriorate. PMID- 6785178 TI - [Use of mannitol, hyaluronidase and glucose-insulin-potassium in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785179 TI - Thyrotrophin and prolactin response to beta-(pyrazolyl-1)-alanine-2-TRH in normal males. AB - Synthetic beta-(pyrazolyl-1)-alanine-2-TRH, an analog of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was administered intravenously in doses of 50, 100 and 200 micrograms to four normal men in order to establish the range of responses of TSH and prolactin. Every subject showed a clear elevation in TSH and prolactin levels with all three doses. These results were compared with the increments in TSH and prolactin after the administration of the same doses of synthetic TRH. The computations of potency for absolute levels and/or increments in TSH and prolactin at 20 and 40 min showed that the analog was at least twice as active as TRH in releasing TSH and prolactin. PMID- 6785180 TI - Acute effects of arginine vasotocin on plasma and pituitary levels of prolactin in the male rat: influence of urethane anesthesia. AB - The acute effects of arginine vasotocin (AVT), a putative pineal peptide, on plasma levels of prolactin were investigated in the unanesthetized, estrogen progesterone-treated male rat. A 10-microgram s.c. injection resulted in significantly increased levels of prolactin while a 1-microgram injection depressed plasma levels of this hormone; an inhibition of release was further suggested by increased levels of pituitary prolactin in rats treated with the lower dose. The same dose administered subcutaneously to urethane-anesthetized rats had no significant effect on plasma prolactin titers while a 10-microgram dose was still stimulatory. In anesthetized rats, no dose of the AVT administered (1 ng to 10 micrograms, s.c., or 1 fg to 1 microgram, i.v.) resulted in inhibition of prolactin release. In the unanesthetized normal male rat, 5 micrograms AVT first increased and then decreased levels of prolactin. Urethane anesthesia appears to mask an inhibitory effect of AVT on plasma prolactin levels in these animal preparations. Since AVT is capable of decreasing plasma prolactin levels, this peptide might be involved in the depression of plasma prolactin levels which appears to (at least partially) mediate pineal-induced gonadal degeneration. PMID- 6785182 TI - Cost/quality tradeoffs will be the next medical care 'crisis'. PMID- 6785181 TI - The cleavage of the Met-Lys bond in a bradykinin derivative by glandular kallikreins. AB - The synthetic tridecapeptide Gly-Leu-Met-Lys-Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg was used as a model substrate for horse urinary and porcine pancreatic kallikreins. The Met-Lys bond is hydrolyzed selectively by both enzymes. Oxidation of the methionine residue to sulfoxide made the peptide resistant to both kallikreins. Substitution of either the methionine or lysine residues by norleucine led to peptides in which the Nle-Lys or the Met-Nle bonds, respectively, were susceptible to the urinary kallikrein. The esterolytic and Met Lys bond-splitting activities of both enzymes were inhibited similarly by phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride. Both activities of the pancreatic kallikrein were inhibited by the chloromethane derivative Ala-Leu-Lys-CH2Cl. Inhibition by benzamidine of Met-Lys hydrolysis by both kallikreins was observed. PMID- 6785183 TI - Rate setting promotes interdepartmental cooperation in QA. PMID- 6785184 TI - Retrolental fibroplasia: a new look at an unsolved problem. PMID- 6785185 TI - Auden and the liposome. PMID- 6785186 TI - The "cough sign'. PMID- 6785187 TI - Choosing the right hearing aid. PMID- 6785188 TI - The elusive triad. PMID- 6785189 TI - The case of the narrow trachea. PMID- 6785190 TI - HLA relationships to disease. PMID- 6785191 TI - Immunologic lung diseases. PMID- 6785192 TI - Holter monitoring: uses and misuses. PMID- 6785193 TI - Antiviral drugs: modes of action and strategies for therapy. AB - The understanding of viral metabolism, particularly the molecular basis of enzyme interactions governing replication of viruses, is one of the basic challenges in the relatively new field of antiviral chemotherapy. Although a few agents have shown documented efficacy and safety in the treatment of influenza A and herpes simplex infections, the search through myriad antiviral candidates continues. PMID- 6785194 TI - Diffuse interstitial lung disease. PMID- 6785195 TI - EENT cocaine shortage leaves mystery in its wake. PMID- 6785196 TI - The hazard of drug-induced esophagitis. AB - The importance of differentiating between underlying esophageal pathology and drug-induced esophagitis is stressed by the authors. The underdiagnosis of the latter is particularly unfortunate because it is usually reversible if recognized early. PMID- 6785197 TI - 'Idiopathic' ankle pain. PMID- 6785198 TI - A hyperlipidemic infant. PMID- 6785199 TI - Coronary bypass: the first 10 years. AB - First by the hundreds, then by the thousands, until today 100,000 coronary bypass procedures are performed in the United States every year! For those patients for whom medical management alone is inadequate, bypass surgery, which has been developed and refined over the years, has proved to be a means not only of prolonging life but, perhaps just as important, of enhancing the quality of that life. PMID- 6785200 TI - Early detection of senile dementia. AB - Not all senile dementias are irreversible. As this--the first in a series of articles stressing the importance of the early detection of disease states- points out, dementia has been shown to be secondary to treatable disorders in more than 20% of these patients. Investigative efforts, from primary screening to painstaking differential diagnostic approaches, can identify remediable or controllable causes. PMID- 6785201 TI - Philippe Pinel: reason for the unreasoning. PMID- 6785203 TI - The hospice: its meaning to patients and their physicians. AB - Terminal care, whether provided in the hospice, hospital, or home, must be integrated with the best of medicine. The role of the physician is not diminished when the focus shifts from curing to caring and when the goal is enhancement of the quality of the patient's remaining life, rather than its prolongation. The embodiment of this concept in London's St. Christopher's Hospice is described. PMID- 6785202 TI - 'Managing' the immune system with total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), which in the past was limited to the treatment of malignant disease, is now emerging as a practical technique in the management of unwanted immune reactions in the areas of transplant tolerance and various autoimmune diseases. Current studies are particularly promising for application of TLI in rheumatoid arthritis and lupus nephritis. PMID- 6785204 TI - Sister chromatid exchanges and heterochromatin. AB - The inter- and intrachromosomal distribution patterns of SCEs obtained with or without mutagen treatment are reviewed and compared, with each other as to their relation to heterochromatin and with the distribution patterns of chromatid aberrations that occurred either "spontaneously" in chromosomes of repair defective human syndromes or after treatment with the mutagens (BrdU, ethylalcohol, DMBA, TMBA, maleic hydrazide, MMS, MMC). The conclusions are: No general rule is detectable for nonrandom involvement of heterochromatin in spontaneous SCEs. Mutagen-induced SCEs show the same or very similar distribution patterns as the spontaneous ones and are in no case as preferentially located as chromatid aberrations (which involve mainly the junctions between eu- and heterochromatin or other special regions). Therefore, a specific mutagen sensitivity of heterochromatin-aberrations does not exist (or is less pronounced) for SCEs. This supports the inference that different mechanisms underlie the origins of the two phenomena. PMID- 6785206 TI - [Bacteriological examination of bronchitis and pneumonia. Part I: Is sputum an appropriate material to be examined?--a literary review (author's transl)]. AB - In a literary review the respiratory tract in its physiological condition, the causative agents of bacterial pneumonias and bronchitides are taken into consideration as are also concerned with the question of the suitability of sputum as a material to be examined by infections of the lower respiratory tract which above all with regard to the diagnostic value to other materials as transtracheal aspiration (TTA), bronchial aspiration (BA) and lung aspiration (LA) specimens. PMID- 6785207 TI - [Medical parasitology and development aid (author's transl)]. AB - The impact of severe parasitic infestation on the population of 3rd world countries has been shown; how this heavy physical and psychic burden affects the CNS of the individual and his capacity for work--considered in the light of the experience of veterinarians with parasitic infestation in domestic animals. Economic progress is coupled with the increase in the capacity for work of the individual, which is greatly impaired through severe parasitic infestation. Effective remedies can be found by systematic health education and individual chemotherapy with new drugs appropriate for mass treatment. PMID- 6785205 TI - The "cat eye syndrome": dicentric small marker chromosome probably derived from a no.22 (tetrasomy 22pter to q11) associated with a characteristic phenotype. Report of 11 patients and delineation of the clinical picture. AB - Eleven patients with the so-called Cat Eye syndrome are reported including a more detailed description of the original cases reported by Schmid and Fraccaro. All cases had, in addition to a normal karyotype, a small extra G-like chromosome which appeared to be an isochromosome for the juxtacentromeric region (pter to q11) of an acrocentric chromosome. None were mosaics. Clinical findings and further cytogenetic studies in a few cases suggest that these markers probably derive from a No. 22 chromosome. Characteristic features of the Cat Eye syndrome in these 11 patients and those reviewed from the literature are: ocular coloboma which may involve the iris, choroid and/or optic nerve, preauricular skin tags and/or pits which are probably the most consistent feature, congenital heart defect, anal atresia with a fistula, renal malformations such as unilateral absence, unilateral or bilateral hypoplasia, and cystic dysplasia, and antimongoloid position of eyes. Intelligence is usually low-normal, although moderate retardation is also seen. There is great variability in the clinical findings ranging from near normal to lethal malformations. Less frequent, but also characteristic findings are: microphthalmia, microtia with atresia of the external auditory canal, intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary atresia and malrotation of the gut. Direct transmission of the marker from one generation to the other was observed in both sexes. In those families, there was considerable variability in the clinical findings between affected family members. These cases show that there is a bias of ascertainment for patients who have the more striking malformations, especially those with ocular coloboma and anal atresia, a combination which appears to be present in only a minority of cases. Many mildly affected patients probably remain undetected. It is proposed that the term Cat Eye syndrome should be applied only to cases with trisomy or tetrasomy of not more than 22pter to q11 and without additional duplication or deletion of another autosomal segment. PMID- 6785208 TI - [Chronic Meningococcemia--case report and pathogenetic discussions (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical course of chronic meningococcemia in an alcoholic patient is described. Serum IgG-, IgM- and IgA- antibody titers were followed by indirect immunofluorescence using the homologous bacterial isolate as antigen. The patients serum titers were compared with those obtained from other patients with either persistent meningococcemia or meningitis. The data revealed that antibody titers rose in both cases. The yet unexplained finding that the homologous bacterial strain persists in the bloodstream though high antibody titers were detected is discussed. PMID- 6785209 TI - [Nephropathies associated with monoclonal gammopathies--a clinico-pathological study (author's transl)]. AB - The subjects of this paper proves unequivocally that the excretion of lambda light chains must be considered a nephrotoxic process. It should be stressed, that although only a relatively small number of cases are known, this view is justified. According to our present knowledge, the process is irreversible and lethal. That the time required for the development of renal insufficiency is long can be established even without objective measurements. Under these circumstances it is justified to apply every available treatment that promises the reduction of the concentration of nephrotoxic substances, and their effects. A technical solution for treatment is plasma exchange. Although it is no definite therapeutic factor, if applied repeatedly the administration of drugs, - sufficient care being taken to avoid excessive load on the patient, it may prolong his life (49). PMID- 6785211 TI - Biochemical speciation of alpha haemolytic streptococci isolated from various clinical sources. PMID- 6785210 TI - Role of the immune-response region of the B complex in the control of the graft vs-host reaction in chickens. PMID- 6785212 TI - Counter immunoelectrophoresis for rapid testing of toxin producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae. PMID- 6785213 TI - Antigenic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii strains by gel diffusion method. PMID- 6785214 TI - Anaemia in protein energy malnutrition in preschool children. PMID- 6785215 TI - Effect of pregnancy or estrogens on circulating levels of thyroxine-binding proteins. PMID- 6785216 TI - Characterization of phospholipase A in Streptomyces griseus. PMID- 6785217 TI - Effect of growth retardation in early life on immunocompetence in later life. PMID- 6785218 TI - Community level malnutrition vis-a-vis the role of nutrition rehabilitation centre. PMID- 6785219 TI - Detection of acid fast bacilli in material from cases of bone and joint tuberculosis. PMID- 6785220 TI - Lactose intolerance in children with protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6785221 TI - Semiprone position and continuous intragastric drip in conservative management of tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 6785222 TI - The formation, chemistry and stability of N-nitrosocarbaryl under simulated stomach conditions. AB - In vitro experiments show it to be very probable that carcinogenic N nitrosocarbaryl can be formed in the human stomach when carbaryl-contaminated food and nitrites are present. Only in vivo studies can fully elucidate this problem. PMID- 6785223 TI - Formation of N-nitroso compounds of the pesticides atrazine, simazine and carbaryl with nitrogen oxides. AB - The nitrosation of atrazine, simazine and carbaryl by nitrogen oxides was investigated in model experiments. Pure pesticides and their corresponding formulations were exposed, as dry powders and as aqueous suspensions, to defined concentrations of NOx (1000, 100, 10 and 1 ppm) in a reaction chamber. Nitrosated pesticides were determined by HPLC-TEA. Generally, the amount of nitrosation increased with the reaction time. At high NOx concentrations (1000 and 100 ppm), nitrosation approached saturation. For atrazine and simazine, further reaction with nitrogen oxides might occur. Nitrosation rates of dry powdered pesticides were inversely proportional to grain size and to air moisture content. Nitrosation of aqueous pesticide suspensions by nitrogen oxides was strongly inhibited at pH values higher than 5. PMID- 6785224 TI - Investigation on the combined action of N-nitrosodiethylamine with other carcinogens. AB - The results of this experiment suggest that chemical carcinogens other than N nitrosamines, even at levels that are very low and not effective when given singly, can in some way contribute to th carcinogenicity of NDEA. PMID- 6785225 TI - Oxidation of glucosamine by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - When exposed to a phagocytic stimulus (opsonized zymosan), human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) produced 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucosamine at a rate 10-25% of that produced from glucose under the same conditions. The production of CO2 from glucosamine by intact PMNs was inhibited by glucose and dependent upon activation of the hexosemonophosphate shunt (HMPS). However, the metabolic pathways for the oxidation of glucose and glucosamine by PMNs are not identical. This is suggested by the fact that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the initiating enzyme for the HMPS, did not utilize glucosamine-6-phosphate as a substrate. In addition, glucosamine was not oxidized by sonically disrupted PMNs whereas oxidation of glucose by the same preparation was increased sevenfold over intact cells. Taken together, the data suggest that PMNs oxidize glucosamine by converting it to a compound compatible with the enzymes of the HMPS. This conversion requires intact PMNs and/or an as yet unidentified cofactor. PMID- 6785226 TI - Immunization status of school children. PMID- 6785227 TI - [Substrate and energy metabolism in intensive care patients under long-term mechanical ventilation]. AB - In eight polytraumatized ventilated surgical patients studies on substrate utilization and energy expenditure were performed for six days following trauma, while receiving our routinely administered parenteral diet containing 1 g amino acids/kg/d and 6.4 g carbohydrate/kg/d. The results obtained from this study indicate that we can not meet energy and substrate requirements using this infusion regimen in severely injured intensive care patients. Within the entire period of investigation all patients demonstrated the typical signs of a disturbed posttraumatic metabolism. This fact was underlined by permanently elevated glucose blood levels, low respiratory quotients - indicating mainly fatty acid oxidation - and clearly negative nitrogen balances. PMID- 6785228 TI - [Comparison of xylose and glucose as energy sources in hypocaloric, postoperative parenteral nutrition]. AB - After a 5 day preoperative preparing period 24 metabolically healthy patients, who had to undergo gastric resection, were fed postoperatively by hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition for a 5 day period. Group I (n = 13) received 0,11 g Xylitol/kg BW X h; Group II (n = 11) received 0,11 g Glucose/kg BW X h; Both groups received 1,71 g L-crystalline amino acids/kg BW X day. During the whole postoperative period group II had significantly higher serum Glucose and Insulin levels. Due to the high postoperative Insulin concentration in group II. Free Fatty Acids, Acetate, beta-Hydroxybutyrate and Branched Chained Amino Acids were significantly lower. The augmented release of Muscle Amino Acids and the covering of a part of the energy expenditure by increased Fatty Acid oxidation in group I led to a higher postoperative synthesis rate of visceral proteins. From postoperative day 3 on Transferrin and from postoperative day 6 on Albumin and Total Protein were significantly higher in group I. This study could demonstrate, that due to its special role in the intermediary metabolism during the postoperative period Xylitol leads to a significantly higher regeneration rate of visceral proteins compared to Glucose during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6785229 TI - Isolation of binding sites to glycophorin from Mycoplasma pneumoniae membranes. AB - Sialoglycoproteins are major receptor sites for attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to respiratory epithelium and erythrocytes (RBC). We used glycophorin, the major sialoglycoprotein of human RBC, as a ligand in affinity chromatography for the isolation of the binding sites from M. pneumoniae membranes. Membranes isolated from M. pneumoniae cells, radioiodinated by the lactoperoxidase technique, were treated with 0.5% deoxycholate. The insoluble residue, exhibiting an increased capacity to bind to RBC, was solubilized by 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The solubilized material was subjected to chromatography on a glycophorin-Sepharose column. The fraction retained on the column was eluted with 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. It lacked the high-molecular-weight polypeptides and was highly enriched with two polypeptides (apparent molecular weights, 45,000 and 25,000). The eluted fraction exhibited a high capacity to bind to glycophorin Sepharose beads and a lower capacity to bind to RBC. The binding of the eluted fraction to RBC was almost completely abolished by glycophorin, but not by its hydrophobic moiety. Binding of the fraction to glycophorin-Sepharose beads was inhibited to about the same extent by both glycophorin and its hydrophobic moiety, suggesting that components of the eluted fraction are also capable of binding to the hydrophobic moiety of glycophorin, which is apparently exposed on the beads but not on the RBC surface. PMID- 6785230 TI - Variability of low-molecular-weight, heat-modifiable outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Analysis of major outer membrane protein (MOMP) profiles of various meningococci by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed the presence of 0 to 2 low-molecular-weight, heat-modifiable MOMPs (molecular weight, 25,000 to 32,000) and 1 to 3 high-molecular-weight MOMPs (molecular weight, 32,000 to 46,000). Heat modifiability was investigated by comparing MOMP profiles after heating in SDS solutions at 100 degrees C for 5 min or at 40 degrees C for 1 h. Low-molecular-weight MOMPs shifted to higher apparent molecular weights after being heated at 100 degrees C. Heat modifiability of high molecular-weight MOMPs varied among strains; whenever modified these proteins shifted to lower apparent molecular weights after complete denaturation. Variability of low-molecular-weight, heat-modifiable MOMPs was demonstrated when MOMP profiles were compared of (i) isolates from index cases and associated cases and carriers among contacts, (ii) different isolates from the same individual, and (iii) isolates from a small epidemic caused by serogroup W-135. In some cases high-molecular-weight MOMPs revealed quantitative differences among related strains. The observed variability and quantitative differences indicate that MOMP serotyping and typing on the basis of SDS-PAGE profiles (PAGE typing) need careful reevaluation. PMID- 6785231 TI - Antigenic similarity of toxins produced by Clostridium botulinum type C and D strains. AB - Antisera against purified type C1 toxin of Clostridium botulinum and its heavy chain component cross-neutralized type D toxin. Antisera against partially purified type D toxin cross-neutralized type C1 toxin. From the latter serum, a component which neutralized only type D toxin and a component which equally neutralized both C1 and D toxins were obtained. We concluded that the cross neutralization was not due to the fact that type C and D strains produce both C1 and D toxins but rather to the fact that the toxins have an antigen(s) common to their molecules. The results of the agar gel-double-diffusion test also supported this conclusion. PMID- 6785232 TI - Purification and characterization of two components of botulinum C2 toxin. AB - Two dissimilar proteins, designated as components I and II, of botulinum C2 toxin elaborated by strain 92-13 were purified to a homogeneous state. The molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis were 55,000 for component I and 105,000 for component II. Whereas each component showed no or feeble toxicity even after being treated with trypsin, the toxicity was elicited when these two components were mixed and trypsinized. The toxicity of the mixture of components I and II at a ratio of 1:2.5 on a protein basis was 2.2 X 10(4) mouse intraperitoneal 50% lethal doses per mg of protein and increased by 2,000 times or more when treated with trypsin. These results indicate that the molecular characteristics of botulinum C2 toxin differ from those of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum types A through F in that C2 toxin is constructed with two separate protein components, which are not covalently held together, and that its toxicity is elicited by cooperation of the two components. PMID- 6785233 TI - Synthesis and biological assays of a peptide from a tuberculin-active protein. AB - The heptapeptide Asn-Gly-Ser-Gln-Met-Arg-Leu, part of a tuberculin-active intracellular mycobacterial protein and described in the literature as having residual tuberculin activity, has been synthesized. Biological assays of the synthetic peptide showed it to be recognized as an antigen of mycobacterial origin by its ability to elicit an early allergic reaction in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected mice. The synthetic peptide was shown to be devoid of any tuberculin activity in BCG-infected mice and in skin tests on Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensitized guinea pigs. Purified protein derivative, complex mixture of proteins of unknown composition which is excreted into the culture medium by M. tuberculosis and is in wide use as a tuberculin-active preparation, was shown to weakly cross-react in radioimmunoassays with the synthetic heptapeptide when 125I labeled heptapeptide and an anti-heptapeptide antiserum were used. PMID- 6785234 TI - Resolution of basic gonococcal outer membrane proteins by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis. AB - Outer membrane proteins from opaque and transparent colonial variants of strain F62 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis with isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the second. Most of the higher-molecular weight proteins focused sharply in the acidic region of the gel. In contrast, the principal outer membrane protein, a 31,000-molecular-weight protein, and the opacity-associated proteins remained near the origin (at the basic end of the gel) without focusing. However, when the samples were loaded on the acidic end of an isoelectric focusing gel and subjected to nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, these proteins behaved as basic proteins. In addition, three distinct opacity-associated heat-modifiable proteins could be identified. No other differences in the protein composition of outer membranes from opaque and transparent variants were apparent. Amino acid analysis of the principal outer membrane protein indicated that its net positive charge may result from partial amidation of its acidic residues. The unexpected observation that the major surface proteins of the gonococcus are basic may have implications for intragonococcal adhesion and for gonococcal interactions with mammalian cells. PMID- 6785235 TI - Resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection: histopathology of listeriosis in resistant and susceptible strains. AB - C57BL/10 mice have previously been shown to be 100 times more resistant to intravenously injected Listeria monocytogenes than are BALB/c mice due to the action of a single gene, Lr. Differences in the histopathology of listeriosis in the two strains were sought. Of the tissues examined, only liver, spleen, blood, and thymus showed changes. In the liver, Listeria localized in Kupffer cells within 3 h of infection. By 24 h these cells became surrounded by neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes. After high doses of Listeria, the susceptible BALB/c mice showed many foci surrounded by few polymorphs, whereas in the resistant C57BL/10 mice there were relatively few foci surrounded by many polymorphs. By 4 days in sublethally infected mice the polymorphs in the liver of both strains were being replaced by monocytes and macrophages. Liver morphology returned to normal by 8 days postinfection. In the blood of both strains there was a rise in total lymphocyte numbers at 24 h, followed by a fall in T lymphocytes and recovery at 5 days. C57BL/10 mice showed an early monocytic response in the blood, whereas BALB/c mice showed a polymorph leukocytosis. In the spleens of both C57BL/10 and BALB/c mice there was an early neutrophil response and red pulp hyperemia. This was followed by a dramatic lymphocyte depletion in the T-dependent periarteriolar regions in both strains beginning 2 days after infection. Absolute numbers of Thy-1(+) cells in spleen cell suspensions also fell to 10% of normal, recovering 6 to 8 days postinfection. Surface immunoglobulin-positive B-lymphocytes and Thy-1(-), immunoglobulin negative "null" cells rose in both strains at days 4 to 5, returning to normal levels on days 10 to 12. Whether the null cells represent lymphocytes or other cell types remains unresolved. Thymus atrophy was seen in the BALB/c mice but not in C57BL/10 mice. PMID- 6785236 TI - Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: inflammatory response of congenic C3H mice differing at the Ric gene. AB - Two strains of C3H mice differed in their susceptibility to lethal infection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strain Gilliam. Adult C3H/RV mice were markedly more resistant to lethal infection than C3H/HeDub mice, and both were histocompatible as assessed by mixed-lymphocyte cultures and graft-versus-host responses. The inflammatory response of susceptible C3H/HeDub mice to intraperitoneal infection was evident approximately 5 days postinfection, and the magnitude of the cellular influx increased until death of the animal. The inflammation consisted of an early polymorphonuclear leukocyte response, followed by a mononuclear cell influx which persisted until death of the animal. The C3H/RV mice evidenced similar kinetics of cell influx, but the inflammatory response was significantly reduced in magnitude, and the response of C3H/RV animals to Gilliam was predominantly mononuclear in nature, with little influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity. C3H/RV mice were rendered susceptible to Gilliam infection by induction of a nonspecific inflammation with thioglycolate if given 3 days after infection. Conversely, treatment of C3H/HeDub mice with indomethacin, an anti-inflammatory agent, prolonged survival after infection with Gilliam. The results of this study indicate that genetic resistance to Gilliam is not due simply to a greater host response to infection or, conversely, that susceptibility is due to a host response quantitatively lacking in a cellular component necessary for antirickettsial immunity. PMID- 6785237 TI - Induction and suppression of cross-reactive antituberculosis immunity after Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection of mice. AB - Mice immunized with 10(8) live Mycobacterium lepraemurium in the footpad showed increased resistance to infection with BCG or M. tuberculosis R1Rv. This resistance could be transferred adoptively with lymphoid cells, signifying that the immunity was cross-reactive rather than nonspecific. Adoptive cross-reactive immunity to M. tuberculosis was also conferred by spleen cells from mice immunized with large doses of living or dead M. lepraemurium intravenously, a route of immunization that suppresses the induction of cell-mediated immunity to that organism. The presence of specific suppressor activity was sought in mice immunized intravenously with M. lepraemurium. It was found that mice preimmunized intravenously with living or dead M. lepraemurium and then infected with BCG did not confer levels of adoptive antituberculosis immunity as high as those conferred by mice immunized with BCG alone. Similarly, a mixture of BCG sensitized and M. lepraemurium-sensitized cells did not convey as much immunity as BCG-sensitized cells alone, signifying suppression of the effector lymphocytes. PMID- 6785238 TI - Experimental Chagas' disease: kinetics of lymphocyte responses and immunological control of the transition from acute to chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection. AB - The responses of spleen cells from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi to stimulation with T (concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin) or B (lipopolysaccharide) cell-specific mitogens were monitored during the acute, transition, and chronic states of the disease. A marked reduction in the responses of infected mouse cells with respect to those of uninfected animals was observed during the acute stage, regardless of whether or not the infective dose was lethal. Reduced or absent responses were recorded with suboptimal, optimal, and supraoptimal concentrations of the mitogens. Normal levels of responsiveness to concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and lipopolysaccharide were observed during the chronic stage of the disease. The trend of return to normal responses was initiated around day 40 after infection with 25 parasites. At this time, a marked decline in parasitemia levels, cessation of mortality, and disappearance of visible signs of disease began to be observed defining the transition stage that precedes establishment of chronicity. T cell levels of the spleen were markedly reduced during the acute period and returned during the chronic phase. Instead, absolute levels of B cells were significantly increased during the acute period but also normalize in the chronic phase. Immunosuppression of chronically infected mice with cyclophosphamide led to a temporary return to acute infection type conditions, even in animals with undetectable levels of parasitemia before treatment. These results suggest that reduced T cell responses during acute experimental Chagas' disease might in part to be due to depletion of the T cell compartment. Decreased B cell responses in the presence of significant numbers of B lymphocytes implies a suppressive phenomenon, B cell alteration, or a combination of both possibilities. Recrudescence of the disease after immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide suggests that immunological mechanisms play an important role, not only in the gain of control over T. cruzi infected by the host but also in the maintenance of the chronic status. PMID- 6785239 TI - Enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice treated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and cyclophosphamide. AB - C57BL/10J mice treated with Mycobacterium bovis BCG and cyclophosphamide were immunized with disrupted epimastigotes or with living blood trypomastigotes from Trypanosoma cruzi and assayed for delayed hypersensitivity by footpad testing with epimastigote antigens. Enhanced and lasting reactions were observed in mice pretreated with BCG or cyclophosphamide or both and immunized with epimastigotes. Whereas BCG pretreatment clearly reduced the mortality rates of mice immunized with living blood forms, no enhancement of the delayed hypersensitivity responses was observed in animals treated with BCG or cyclophosphamide or both before infection. The production of high levels of delayed hypersensitivity in the absence of infection and its adoptive transfer with cells could help to evaluate the participation of cell-mediated immunity in the protection against T. cruzi. PMID- 6785240 TI - Macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infections: early host defense mechanisms in experimental scrub typhus. AB - Several early nonspecific host defense mechanisms were examined in resistant (BALB/c) and susceptible (C3H/He) mice after intraperitoneal inoculation with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strain Gilliam. Inflammatory exudates were formed in both mouse strains in response to rickettsial inoculation, but the inflammatory response of C3H animals was delayed several days, and influx of peroxidase positive macrophages occurred late in infection. Peritoneal cells of C3H mice became progressively infected, with 40% of both macrophages and lymphocytes containing intracellular rickettsiae by day 10. The early flammatory response of BALB/c mice was unexpectedly associated with a low percentage of infected peritoneal cells (1 to 2%). In vitro, no difference was detected in ability of resident macrophages of either strain to support the growth of R. tsutsugamushi or to become activated by treatment with lymphokines for rickettsiacidal activity. In vivo, however, macrophages from C3H mice inoculated with Gilliam were not activated on days 6 and 7 after infection, whereas BALB/c macrophages were continuously activated beginning on day 4. The lack of in vivo C3H macrophage activation was not secondary to deficient lymphokine production by infected lymphocytes, as levels of lymphokines produced by peritoneal lymphocytes of both strains were similar and peaked on day 7 after infection. Susceptibility to infection appears to be related to defective regulation of macrophage responses rather than to defects in macrophage function. PMID- 6785241 TI - Differential requirements for enriched atmospheric carbon dioxide content for intracellular growth in cell culture among selected members of the genus Rickettsia. AB - In an in vitro chicken embryo cell culture system, strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, R. mooseri, and R. rickettsii, but not of R. tsutsugamushi, required an atmosphere enriched in CO2 for intracellular growth. PMID- 6785244 TI - Monitoring of respiratory function during anesthesia. PMID- 6785242 TI - Evidence for the presence of lipopolysaccharide in a ribonuclease-sensitive ribosomal vaccine of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - To obtain information about the nature of the immunogens in the ribosomal vaccine (fraction II) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we studied the specificity of rabbit antibodies to fraction II. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the presence of antibodies which precipitated with ribosomal antigens, but not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). By means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, antibodies to LPS were detected in antibodies to fraction II. Antibodies to fraction II could protect mice against a lethal challenge with P. aeruginosa. Absorption experiments demonstrated that the protective ability of antibodies to fraction II was due to antibodies to cell envelope antigens, whereas antibodies to ribosomal antigens did not contribute to the protection. Antibodies to LPS could be detected in mice 1 week after a single vaccination with fraction II. It was concluded that the protective activity of fraction II was due, at least in part, to the presence of LPS in the ribosomal vaccine. Treatment of fraction II with ribonuclease decreased the protective activity of the ribosomal vaccine. Addition of synthetic polyadenylic acid-polyuridylic acid restored the protective activity of ribonuclease-treated fraction II, indicating that RNA in the ribosomal vaccine might act as an adjuvant or a carrier in the presentation of the of the contaminating cell envelope antigens. The protective activity and the toxicity of fraction II were compared with the protective activity and the toxicity of fraction I, which contained cell envelope components, including LPS, and of purified LPS. The results indicated that protection by the ribosomal vaccine was associated with a slightly higher toxicity than was protection by fraction I, whereas purified LPS was the most toxic vaccine. PMID- 6785243 TI - Comparative virulence of opacity variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9. AB - The invasive properties of nine variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 known to vary in their surface composition have been investigated. Relative virulence was evaluated by their cytotoxic effect on Chang epithelial cell monolayers. Piliated variants P9-2 (with alpha pili) and P9-20 (with beta pili plus protein II) showed increased ability to kill the target cells compared with the prototype P9-1 (lacking pili and additional outer membrane proteins). Two nonpiliated variants, P9-11 (with proteins IIa and IId) and P9-19 (with proteins II and IIc), were also relatively more virulent compared with P9-1. Enhanced attachment was exhibited by both piliated and some nonpiliated variants: beta-piliated P9-20 (with protein II; molecular weight, 29,000) and nonpiliated P9-16 (with protein IIb; molecular weight, 28,000) were the most effective in adherence to the target monolayers. PMID- 6785245 TI - Decrease in serum free triiodothyronine after jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity. AB - Seventeen patients with stable body-weights who had undergone a jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity, and 25 obese patients matching in sex, age and height were studied. Median serum concentration of free triiodothyronine (3.7 pmol/l) in the jejuno-ileal bypass patients was significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased by 18 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits: 11-27 per cent). Correspondingly median serum concentration of total triiodothyronine (1.47 nmol/l) was significantly (P less than 0.0001) decreased by 18 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits:11-27 per cent). The medium serum concentrations of free thyroxine (27.5 pmol/l) and total thyroxine 94 nmol/l) were of equal size in jejuno-ileal bypass patients and obese patients. In the bypass patients the median serum concentration of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (3.9 micromol/l) ws significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased by 13 per cent (95 per cent confidence limits: 7-27 per cent), whereas no significant changes could be demonstrated in thyroxine-binding globulin. PMID- 6785246 TI - Serodiagnosis of experimental fascioliasis by immunoprecipitation tests. PMID- 6785247 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone labeled with 99mTc: a potential agent for neuroendocrinological studies. PMID- 6785248 TI - Indium-111-oxine labeled mouse spleen cells. PMID- 6785249 TI - Control of membrane morphogenesis in bacteriophage. PMID- 6785250 TI - [Course and therapy of diabetic coma]. PMID- 6785251 TI - Afterload reduction in the therapy of heart failure. PMID- 6785252 TI - Renal phosphate and bicarbonate wastage in diabetic keto-acidosis. PMID- 6785253 TI - Enterolith with pseudogallstone ileus and perforation. PMID- 6785254 TI - A method of closure and dressing of mastectomy wounds. PMID- 6785256 TI - [Teaching of microsurgery]. AB - Referring to his personal experience, the author points out the possibilities of applying microsurgery, which confers an autonomous dignity to this medical branch. Therefore, it is to hope that a didactic and specialistic recognition of microsurgery will determine the formation of specifically trained teams. Lastly, the versatility of microsurgery as applied to modern biliary ducts surgery has been underlined, both for derivative and reparative interventions. PMID- 6785255 TI - New drugs for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. AB - This article has attempted to review selected clinical features of new antiarrhythmic agents for treatment of recurrent ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. While it is apparent that the ideal antiarrhythmic agent does not exist, whether it be a new or old antiarrhythmic drug, effective and safe antiarrhythmic drug therapy can nevertheless be administered to many patients if the pharmacologic principles and properties described herein are carefully considered. PMID- 6785257 TI - Acetaldehyde-dependent changes in hemoglobin and oxygen affinity of human erythrocytes. AB - In the presence of acetaldehyde, metabolizing human erythrocytes accumulate an altered hemoglobin product showing chromatographic similarity to hemoglobin AIa or AIb. The adduct is stable to overnight dialysis with an intracellular half life of about 5.5 days. Adduct formation is accompanied by proportional changes in cell oxygen affinity (decrease in P50 of 3 mm Hg/mM adduct). Little unaltered hemoglobin remains after overnight incubation in 15 mM acetaldehyde, with significant adduct formation and marked reduction of cell ATP occurring after prolonged incubation in as little as 0.5 mM acetaldehyde. PMID- 6785258 TI - High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin therapy of refractory, in particular idiopathic thrombocytopenia in childhood. AB - A new immunoglobulin (Ig) for intravenous use was given in high doses to 4 children with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and 2 children with idiopathic aplastic anemia (IAA). Within 5-10 days after initiation of Ig therapy the platelets of the children with ITP rose to 300,000-650,000/mm3 and could be maintained at normal levels with one Ig infusion every 1-3 weeks. No reaction was observed in the 2 patients with IAA. PMID- 6785259 TI - Histochemical demonstration of heavy metals. A revised version of the sulphide silver method suitable for both light and electronmicroscopy. AB - The three steps of the sulphide silver method have been examined: 1) Transformation of metals to metal sulphides; 2) Fixation and embedding or freezing of the tissue for sectioning; and 3) Deposition of metallic silver on the metal sulphides in a physical developer. Based on the results, a revised method is described and discussed. It is particularly important 1) To maintain a sufficient but low concentration of sulphide ions during the perfusion; 2) To avoid using oxidating or acid fixatives; 3) To ensure low temperatures while embedding in paraffin or during polymerization of Epon; and 4) to use a slow acting physical developer. Examples of the metal sulphide pattern from various tissues are presented. PMID- 6785261 TI - Gonococcal endocarditis in a male homosexual: report of case. PMID- 6785260 TI - Localization of gold in biological tissue. A photochemical method for light and electronmicroscopy. AB - A detailed description is given of a method by which gold can be visualized in frozen, paraffin and Epon sections. Histological sections from animals treated with gold compounds are exposed to UV-light from 30 min to several hours. The reduced, metallic gold is then visualized by means of a photographic developer containing silver lactate. Light- and electronmicroscope photographs showing gold in different organs from rats and mice treated with aurothioglucose, aurothiosulfate and aurothiomalate are presented. PMID- 6785262 TI - Effects of acute and chronic hypercapnia on oxygen tolerance in rats. AB - Groups of 16-52 normal or CO2-adapted rats were exposed top 100% O2 or to O2 with 60 Torr PICO2 (O2-CO2) at pressures of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 ATA. Exposure durations for 50% mortality (LD50) in normal rats at 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 ATA O2 were 6.3, 9.3, 17.2, 27.4, and 76.1 h, respectively. Corresponding LD50 values for normal rats exposed to O2-CO2 were 2.0, 2.9, 16.3, 24.8, and 74.8 h. Survival times of CO2-adapted rats exposed to O2 were nearly identical to those of normal rats. LD50 values for CO2-adapted rat exposed to O2-CO2 were 4.1, 7.5, 17.9, 23.6, and 65.4 h, respectively. These data confirm acceleration of O2 intoxication by acute hypercapnia at 4.0 and 3.0 ATA, but they show less prominent effects at 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 ATA. Hypercapnia adaptation clearly has a protective effect in rats exposed to O2-CO2 at 4.0 and 3.0 ATA. At 2.0, 1.5, and 1.0 ATA, where acute hypercapnia has less effect, the effects of CO2 adaptation are also less prominent. The observed changes in oxygen tolerance can be explained by cerebral vasodilation with increased brain oxygenation in acute hypercapnia and by significant amelioration of this response during chronic hypercapnia. PMID- 6785263 TI - Diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyogram responses to CO2 rebreathing in humans. AB - To assess the relationship between central control of upper airway and respiratory muscle, simultaneously recorded diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) and genioglossal EMG (EMG ge) responses to CO2 rebreathing were compared in five supine volunteers. Both EMGs were quantitated in terms of inspiratory peak moving time-average activity. In all subjects both EMGdi and EMGge increased linearly with increasing alveolar CO2 pressure (r = 0.93 +/- 0.04 and 0.87 +/- 0.07, respectively), resulting in a significantly linear EMGge vs. EMGdi relationship (r = 0.91 +/- 0.04). CO2 response slopes of both EMGs were similar and linearly related (r = 0.96, P less than 0.001) such that subjects with low EMGdi response also had a low EMGge response and vice versa. Although the onset of EMGge activity preceded that of EMGdi, and the pattern of both EMGs were different, inspiration duration of both EMGs were similar. These data indicate that in humans both diaphragm and genioglossus muscle share similar control mechanisms and suggest that upper airway function is intimately related to the regulation of breathing. PMID- 6785264 TI - Ventilation by high-frequency oscillation in rabbits with oleic acid lung disease. AB - The feasibility and efficiency of ventilation by high-frequency oscillation (HFO) were examined in animals with diffuse hemorrhagic lung disease. Twenty-four hours after injection with 0.12 ml/kg oleic acid, 11 spontaneously breathing rabbits had a mean (+/- SD) arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) of 65 +/- 16 Torr and arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) of 38 +/- 7 Torr [inspired fractional O2 concentration (FIO2) of 0.21]. Following paralysis animals were ventilated using a high-frequency oscillator for periods of 20 min followed by three successive hyperinflations to prevent atelectasis. Maintaining a constant mean airway pressure (MAP) of 6 cmH2O and fresh gas flow (FGF) of 2 1/min (FIO2 = 0.21), all combinations of frequency (5, 10, 20, and 30 Hz) and stroke volume (Vs) 2.6, 5.0, and 8.9 ml) were tested. At each frequency, an increase in Vs tended to lower mean PaCO2. At each Vs, CO2 elimination appeared maximal at 20 Hz, an effect attributable to decreasing effective Vs with increasing frequency. With constant Vs, MAP, and frequency, increasing FGF from 1 to 2 or 61/min decreased mean PaCO2 (P less than 0.05). With constant Vs, frequency, and FGF, increases in MAP from 2 to 10 cmH2O increased mean PaO2 (P less than 0.05). HFO, coupled with periodic hyperinflation, supports satisfactory gas exchange in rabbits with oleic acid lung injury. The efficiency of gas exchange is improved by independent increases in Vs, FGF, MAP, or frequency. PMID- 6785265 TI - Continuous measurement of minute ventilation and gaseous metabolism of newborn infants. AB - A system of instrumentation for continuous measurement of gaseous metabolism and minute volume (VI) in the human newborn is described. O2 uptake and CO2 production are measured by open-circuit techniques utilizing a Servomex OA184 differential paramagnetic O2 analyzer and a BEckman LB-2 infrared CO2 analyzer. VI is measured with bias-flow pneumotachometry. Bench performance is described, methodological errors are defined, and clinical data are presented. The instrumentation is capable of safe, accurate, and continuous measurement of respiratory and metabolic variables in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 6785266 TI - Development of CO2 sensitivity: effects of gestational age, postnatal age, and sleep state. AB - To determine the independent effects of sleep state, gestational age, and postnatal age on eucapnic ventilation and steady-state CO2 sensitivity, nine premature (146 +/- 3 days) and eight full-term (168 +/- 2 days) monkeys, Macaca nemestrina, from accurately timed conceptions were studied serially over the first 3 wk of life. Minute volume (VE)/kg,tidal volume (VT)/kg, and respiratory frequency were quantitated during rapid-eye-movement sleep (REM) and nonrapid-eye movement sleep (NREM)in room air and when animals were breathing varied concentrations of cO2 in 21% O2. Eucapnic VE/kg and CO2 sensitivity [(deltaVE/kg)/delta PaCO2] increased progressively with advancing postnatal age during NREM sleep in grouped term and premature animals. CO2 sensitivity was not significantly different between REM and NREM sleep except in full-term animals at the highest postconceptual age studied (189 +/- 2 days) when [(delta VE/kg)/delta PaCO2] was lower in REM sleep than in NREM sleep (209 +/- 54 vs. 301 +/- 71 ml.min-1.kg-1.Torr-1; P less than 0.05, paired-t test). Gestational age had no measurable effect on eucapnic ventilation or CO2 sensitivity. These results support the hypothesis that REM sleep-induced depression of CO2 sensitivity develops in the neonatal monkey with advancing postconceptual age. PMID- 6785267 TI - A characterization of the respiratory pattern of gasping. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to compare the respiratory pattern of gasping with eupnea and apneusis. Decerebrate, cerebellectomized, vagotomized, paralyzed and ventilated cats were used. The ventilatory pattern, assessed by phrenic nerve activity, was reversibly altered from eupnea to apneusis or gasping by use of a cooling-for, thermode positioned inm the rostral pons or through the pontomedullary junction, respectively. Irreversible apneusis or gasping resulted from brain stem lesions or freezing at appropriate loci. Analysis of phrenic activity revealed that the rates of onset and rise of the gasp were much greater than those of the eupneic or apneustic inspiration. Moreover, in contrast to eupnea or apneusis, neither the frequency nor the intensity of gasps was altered by hypercapnia, hypocapnia, or carotid chemoreceptor stimulation by sodium cyanide. Although hypoxia caused an increase in gasping frequency, this response was transient and not dependent on carotid chemoreceptor mechanisms. These results provide no support for the concept that common mechanisms localized in medulla, underlie the neurogenesis of all automatic ventilatory patterns. PMID- 6785268 TI - Comparison of phrenic motoneuron activity during eupnea and gasping. AB - Single-fiber phrenic nerve action potentials were recorded together with activity of contralateral whole phrenic nerve rootlets during eupnea and gasping in decerebrate, cerebellectomized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats. Gasping was reversibly produced by cooling a fork thermode positioned through the pontomedullary junction. In eupnea, phrenic motoneurons were distributed into "early" and "late" populations relative to their onset of activity during inspiration. During gasping, however, both fiber types typically commenced activity at the beginning of the phrenic nerve burst. Moreover, late fibers, but not early units, exhibited an augmentation of discharge frequency with the onset of gasping. The concentration of activity of all phrenic motoneurons at the beginning of inspiration and the increase in late-unit discharge frequency account for the faster rise of the gasp as compared with the eupneic breath. It is concluded that the pattern of phrenic nerve activation during gasping differs fundamentally from that during eupnea. These results support the concept that mechanisms underlying the neurogenesis of gasping and eupnea may not be identical. PMID- 6785269 TI - Use of sunlight to partially detoxify groundnut (peanut) cake flour and casein contaminated with aflatoxin B1. AB - Sunlight destroyed 83 and 50% of the toxin added to casein and groundnut cake flour, respectively. Equilibrium dialysis revealed that both casein and groundnut protein bind aflatoxin but the toxin bound to casein appeared more photo-labile than that bound to groundnut protein. PMID- 6785270 TI - Comparison of radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining aflatoxin M1 in milk. AB - Using a highly specific antibody against aflatoxin M1, a radioimmunoassay (RIA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed for the quantitation of M1 in milk. RIA was sensitive in the range of 5-50 ng per assay but was subject to interference by whole milk. Extraction and cleanup were therefore necessary for the detection of M1 in milk at 0.5 ng/mL. An ELISA procedure was developed by using an aflatoxin M1-carboxymethyl-horseradish peroxidase conjugate as the ligand. Competitive assays revealed that this system was relatively more sensitive for M1 than for B1, and had a much lower degree of cross-reactivity for aflatoxins B2, G1, G2, B2a, and aflatoxicol. As low as 0.25 ng M1/mL in artificially contaminated milk (raw, whole, skim) could be detected by ELISA in 3 h without extraction or cleanup. Because of its simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity, ELISA is the preferred method for monitoring aflatoxin M1 in milk. PMID- 6785271 TI - Turbidimetric assay for virginiamycin in feeds and premixes. AB - A turbidimetric assay method applicable to virginiamycin at level ranging from 5 g/ton in feeds to 50% in a premix is described. Incubation period is 4 h. Test organism is Streptococcus faecium ATCC 8043. On 6 levels of feed-grade material, the overall mean recovery was 6.75% Standard recovery studies resulted in RSD values ranging from 2.01 to 3.88% and a mean standard recovery of 100%. PMID- 6785272 TI - Serum histaminase in ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6785273 TI - Production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against the seed lectin of the Dolichos biflorus plant. AB - Spleen cells from mice immunized with the Dolichos biflorus seed lectin were fused with cells from the mouse myeloma Sp2/O-Ag14 cell line to form hybridomas. Those hybridomas producing antibodies against the seed lectin were cloned at least four times and the monoclonal antibodies from clone C11/64-56.28 were characterized and found to be specific for Subunit I of the lectin; they do not react with the structurally similar Subunit II. In previous studies, we have shown that although these two subunits appear to differ only at their COOH terminal ends, only Subunit I has carbohydrate binding activity. Using a solid phase enzyme immunoassay, the antigenic determinant fr the monoclonal antibody was found to be located on the COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide fragment of this subunit. The monoclonal antibody inhibits the ability of the lectin to agglutinate erythrocytes and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, the specific hapten for the lectin, inhibits the ability of the antibody to combine with the lectin. These results suggest that the monoclonal antibody recognizes a determinant that is located either at or near the active site of the lectin or that is conformationally interdependent with the active site. PMID- 6785274 TI - A kinetic mechanism for modulation of the activity of microsomal UDP glucuronyltransferase by phospholipids. Effects of lysophosphatidylcholines. AB - The affinity of delipidated microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.17) for UDP is greater than that for UDP-glucuronic acid. Measurement of KIglucuronic acid reveals that glucuronic acid binds to the enzyme. Hence, the difference in affinity of the enzyme for UDP versus UDP-glucuronic acid indicates that inherent binding energy for interactions between enzyme and this substrate is used for purposes other than enhancing binding. A reasonable interpretation of these data is that the binding of UDP-glucuronic acid to enzyme requires distortion of the substrate and/or the enzyme. Inherent binding energy due to interactions between enzyme and UDP and glucuronic acid is utilized to effect such distortions. This type of mechanism can cause significant rate enhancement. Phospholipid activators of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activate by amplifying this basic mechanism. Thus, addition of various species of lysophosphatidylcholine to the delipidated enzyme increase the activity at Vmax and enhance the affinity for UDP, glucuronic acid, and UDP-glucuronic acid. However, activators enhance the affinity of the enzyme for UDP-glucuronic acid to a significantly smaller extent than they enhance affinity for the UDP and glucuronic acid portions of the substrate. Calculations of the amount of binding energy for interactions between enzyme and UDP glucuronic acid that can be used for stimulating activities at Vmax yield values in agreement with the observed enhancement of activities at Vmax for enzyme reconstituted with various types of lysophosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6785275 TI - Urinary oligosaccharides of GM1-gangliosidosis. Different excretion patterns of oligosaccharides in the urine of type 1 and type 2 subgroups. AB - Oligosaccharide patterns obtained by gel filtration of the urine of GM1 gangliosidosis Type 1 patients are quite different from those of GM1 gangliosidosis Type 2. By studies of oligosaccharides in the four major peaks obtained from the Type 1 subgroup using sequential exoglycosidase digestion, methylation analysis, and periodate oxidation, the structures of 15 oligosaccharides: Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6[Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2)Man alpha 1 leads to 3]Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2)Man alpha 1 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc NAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 6(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2)Man alpha 1 leads to 6[Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 4(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2)Man alpha 1 leads to 3]Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 6, and 3(Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 2Man alpha 1 leads to 3 and 6)Man beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc, (formula see text) were elucidated. The amounts of total oligosaccharides excreted in the urine of the Type 2 subgroup were approximately one-tenth of those of Type 1. Moreover, the last eight oligosaccharides shown above, which have a Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 leads to outer chain, were completely missing in the urine of Type 2. PMID- 6785276 TI - The initial action of thrombin on platelets. Conversion of phosphatidylinositol to phosphatidic acid preceding the production of arachidonic acid. AB - Measurements of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidic acid (PA) by phosphorus assays and by radioactivity ([14C]arachidonate) indicate that thrombin induces the degradation of a given fraction of the total PI to PA. The maximal conversion of PI to PA represents approximately one-third of the total PI which can be degraded by thrombin. This same amount of PI is converted to PA even in the presence of 1 mM quinacrine, which completely inhibits the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and which reduces by two-thirds the loss of labeled PI. In this case the fall in PI is equal to the amount of PA formed. If thrombin is added to platelets previously maximally stimulated by ionophore A23187, PA is produced from PI in amounts equal to those produced by thrombin in the absence of other stimuli. Furthermore, the resynthesis of PI from PA is also unaffected by quinacrine, and thus the entire thrombin-stimulated PI-cycle is maintained. The data thus indicate the existence of a quinacrine-insensitive phospholipase C which can initially convert a given amount of PI to PA and which is closely associated to the thrombin receptor. The further breakdown of PI and production of arachidonic acid might result from the action of quinacrine sensitive activities (i.e. phospholipase A2). The simplest scheme is one in which thrombin specifically produces an active fraction of PA which in some way results in the subsequent production of arachidonic acid from various phospholipids (including PI), perhaps by activation of quinacrine-sensitive phospholipase A2. PMID- 6785277 TI - The yeast his4 multifunctional protein. Immunochemistry of the wild type protein and altered forms. AB - A procedure for rapid purification of the yeast his4 protein has been developed. A combined biochemical and immunological study of the his4 proteins from wild type and a number of mutant strains indicates that the his4 gene product is a trifunctional protein with three independent functional domains. Active fragments of the his4 protein possessing one or several activities can result from proteolysis or from genetic alteration. Such fragments can be purified to homogeneity by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Immunological experiments with antibody to the wild type protein and with antibody to genetically or proteolytically altered forms indicate that the sole product of the wild type his4 region is a 95,000-dalton protein. Furthermore, such data indicates that each mutant protein has a characteristic stability that correlates with the type of mutation and with the location of the mutation within the his4 locus. By varying the ionic strength of the extraction buffer, it is possible to find conditions under which such mutant proteins are quite stable. PMID- 6785278 TI - Immunoisolation and the structural analysis of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isozymes in mouse brain. PMID- 6785279 TI - The activation of phosphatidylinositol-hydrolyzing phospholipase A2 during prostaglandin synthesis in transformed mouse BALB/3T3 cells. AB - To investigate the type of phospholipase activated by agents that stimulate prostaglandin synthesis, we used transformed mouse cells whose phospholipids were doubly labeled with [14C]inositol and [3H]arachidonic acid. [14C]Inositol was incorporated mostly into the phosphatidylinositol and [3H]arachidonic acid was distributed into the various phospholipids. When these cells were incubated with bradykinin, a stimulator of prostaglandin synthesis, the release of 3H radioactivity from cellular phospholipids and the synthesis of prostaglandin were initiated within seconds and reached a maximum in 40 to 70 s. Analysis of the intracellular lipids revealed a concomitant increase of radioactivity associated with lysophosphatidylinositol, which was detectable within 5 s of incubation with bradykinin and reached a maximum between 40 and 70 s. Lysophosphatidylinositol which could be formed either from a phospholipase A1 or phospholipase A2 reaction, was identified by its chromatographic properties and conversion to glycerophosphorylinositol. We found that the 3H/14C ratio of purified lysophosphatidylinositol was 1/11 of that of phosphatidylinositol, which indicated that lysophosphatidylinositol formed in response to bradykinin is 1 acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylinositol and most probably is formed from a phospholipase A2 deacylation of phosphatidylinositol (a phospholipase A1 deacylation would result in the formation of lysophosphatidylinositol of a 3H/14C ratio similar to phosphatidylinositol). Furthermore, we did not detect between control and stimulated cells any significant difference in the level of several phospholipase C metabolites including inositol phosphate, diglyceride, and phosphatidic acid. These results suggest that phospholipase C is probably not activated. The formation of lysophosphatidylinositol was also stimulated by thrombin and ionophore A23187, both activators of prostaglandin synthesis. Dexamethasone, a lipase inhibitor, inhibited the appearance of lysophosphatidylinositol, whereas aspirin and low concentrations of indomethacin, the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not inhibit. The results presented in ths paper provide evidence that a phospholipase A2-hydrolyzing phosphatidylinositol is activated when intact cells are stimulated for prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6785281 TI - Human diploid fibroblast-like cells (CF-3) as a model system for the study of Golgi biogenesis. AB - Human diploid fibroblast-like cells were maintained in an arrested, essentially non-mitotic state for extended periods of time in culture by lowering the serum concentration in the medium from 10 to 0.5%. These arrested cells re-entered the proliferative state when subcultivated in medium containing 10% serum. The morphological distribution and enzyme activities associated with the Golgi complex were examined during growth, arrest, and recovery. Cells grown in medium containing 10% serum possessed a well-developed Golgi complex consisting of parallel arrays of membranes and associated vesicles. Galactosyl transferase activity was highest after 3 days growth (17.5 +/- 5.0 nmol galactose transferred/45 min/mg protein) and declined to 9.8 +/- 3.0 at day 7. When the serum concentration was reduced to 0.5%, Golgi complexes were rarely observed by electron microscopy and galactosyl transferase activity was further reduced into medium containing 10% serum recovered from the arrested state and ultrastructurally resembled cells continuously cultured at the higher serum level. Numerous Golgi complexes reappeared and galactosyl transferase activity increased to 13.0 +/- 3.34 days after subcultivation. These results indicate that the Golgi complex can be experimentally manipulated in human diploid fibroblast like cells in a manner which may be useful for the study of the biogenesis of this organelle. PMID- 6785280 TI - Two-stage skin carcinogenesis by systemic initiation of pregnant mice with 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene during gestation days 6-20 and postnatal promotion of the F 1-generation with the phorbol ester 12-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - The DMBA-TPA-mediated two-stage skin carcinogenesis experiment was modified in that pregnant mice were systemically treated once during pregnancy with the carcinogen. Intragastric application times were fetal days 6, 8, and 10-20. A control group of pregnant mice received repeated doses (from days 8-20) of sesame oil, which was used as a solvent for DMBA. At the age of 12 weeks, the offspring of the control group were divided into two groups, one of which was left completely untreated, the other received TPA applications over 26 weeks. The 12 week old F 1-progeny of each transplacentally initiated group was also divided into subgroups, which either received no further treatment (subgroups A) or were promoted with TPA (subgroups B). Neither the F 1-animals of the two control groups nor that of the transplacentally initiated but postnatally not promoted subgroups 6 A-20 A developed skin tumors. The same holds true for the TPA promoted offsprings of mother animals which had received DMBA at days 6 and 8 of gestation. Skin tumor development after TPA promotion was first observed in animals of subgroup 10 B. Thereafter, tumor rates and tumor yields increased and latency periods decreased progressively in the B-subgroups with the postponement of initiation to later fetal periods. Day 19 of prenatal development proved to be the most sensitive period to transplacental initiation, whereas initiation at day 20 led to a significant decrease in tumor rate and yield. The capability to initiate skin tumors and the extent of initiation can be correlated to both the organogenesis of the epidermis and its proliferative rate in utero. PMID- 6785282 TI - Three-dimensional reconstruction of organelles in Euglena gracilis Z. II. Qualitative and quantitative changes of chloroplasts and mitochondrial reticulum in synchronous cultures during bleaching. AB - By ultrathin serial sectioning, morphological and volumetric changes of the plastidome and chondriome have been observed in Euglena gracilis Z during bleaching in darkness with addition of sodium acetate to the culture medium. In order not to introduce any modification to the synchronization pattern during bleaching, green cells were previously grown photoautotrophically on Cramer & Myers medium under continuous illumination and synchronized by temperature cycles and (2) of sodium acetate and darkness on the plastidome and chondriome of photoautotrophic cells synchronized by light-dark cycles as described previously. In photoautotrophic cells, the plastidome, consisting of about ten diskoidal chloroplasts, occupies 15% of the cell volume. The chondriome, in the form of one single giant mitochondrion branched throughout the cell, represents 6% of the cell volume. The synchronization by temperature cycles in continuous illumination does not change the morphology and volume of these organelles. However, pyrenoids disappear. In photoheterotrophic culture with sodium acetate added, the plastidome fine structure does not vary but its volume decreases by 19-25%. At that time, the plastidome thus occupies 12-13% of the cell volume. Sodium acetate provokes, on the contrary, hypertrophy of the delicate threads of the mitochondrial reticulum which appears as a network with narrow meshes around other organelles. The chondriome thus comes to occupy 10-11% of the cell volume. In heterotrophic cells, the combined effects of sodium acetate and darkness emphasize the regression of the plastidome while the chondriome appears as a fenestrated parietal shell occupying 15-16% of the cell volume. Maximal hypertrophy is obtained in 24 h. Total dedifferentiation of chloroplasts requires 6-9 successive generations in heterotropic conditions. These results are discussed in relation to numerous light-microscopic and ultrastructural observations. It has been demonstrated, as in photoautotrophic Euglena cells synchronized by light-dark cycles, that the plastidome of heterotrophic cells consists of about ten organelles, whereas the chondriome contains one single giant mitochondrion. Contrary to the opinion that the variations of the plastidome and chondriome are reciprocally related, it is proved here that dedifferentiation of chloroplasts and hypertrophy of the chondriome occur at different rates, and may be independent of one another. PMID- 6785283 TI - Genetic dissection of the final exocytosis steps in Paramecium tetraurelia cells: trigger analyses. AB - A variety of trigger procedures were applied to analyse the exocytotic capability of different Paramecium tetraurelia strains. 7,S K 40I, kin 24I, and 9 (18 degrees C) are capable of exocytosis (permissive strains), in contrast to nd 6, nd 7, nd 9 (27 degrees C), tam 38 and ftb A, although all procedures used enhance [Ca2+]i in the cytoplasm of all strains tested and although strains nd 6, nd 7 and nd 9 (27 degrees C) contain a full set of morphologically normal trichocysts attended to the cell membrane. The results show that only those strains are permissive which were shown previously to contain a rosette of membrane integrated particles and a Ca2+-ATPase activity in the cell membrane over the trichocyst attachment (exocytosis) sites. The results from trigger experiments with permissive and non-permissive strains would be compatible with a dual function of rosette particles as Ca2+ pumps and Ca2+ channels. Nevertheless, the latter aspect remains uncertain since we show that experiments along these lines published by others (introducing a Ca2+ ionophore from the outside) involve a solvent-induced artifact (pseudoexocytosis: matrix stretching in the absence of membrane fusion). In all strains, except for tam 38 and ftb A (which have abnormal trichocysts incapable of being attached to the cell membrane), the isolated trichocyst matrix can be transferred from the contracted to the expanded state in vitro with certain trigger procedures. Our data clearly show that an increase of [Ca2+]i in the cytoplasm is not sufficient for exocytosis to occur and that non-permissiveness is somehow due to an inability to perform membrane fusion. It remains open whether the lack of rosettes and Ca2+-ATPase activity at trichocyst attachment sites are primary cause of non-permissiveness. PMID- 6785284 TI - Simultaneous quantitation of thioureas in rat plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6785285 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of pentamethylmelamine and its metabolites in biological fluids. PMID- 6785287 TI - Clinical aspects of non-A, non-B hepatitis infection. AB - Although non-A, non-B hepatitis is usually a mild subclinical illness, 40% of cases of fulminant viral hepatitis are attributed to infection by this agent. The administration of coagulation factor IX concentrates before liver biopsy in 17 patients with chronic liver disease was followed by the development of hepatitis in four, which proved fatal in three cases. The diagnosis was confirmed by transmission in chimpanzees, and further studies demonstrated the existence of two types of non-A, non-B hepatitis with different incubation periods and specific ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes. The progression of 40% of cases of acute viral hepatitis to chronic liver disease and the development of chronic liver disease in renal and hepatic transplant recipients is very disturbing. It is likely that this type of hepatitis is an aetiological factor in some cases of hepatitis B surface antigen-negative chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6785286 TI - Identification and detection of long incubation non-A, non-B hepatitis virus and associated antigens or antibodies. AB - Three distinct antigen/antibody systems supposedly associated with an HBV-like virus of non-A, non-B hepatitis have been identified. Because of previously demonstrated cross-reactivity with HBe/3 and HBc antigens and other analogies the following terminology is tentatively used. 1. The previously reported serum antigen has been redesignated non-A, non-B e antigen, since it is equivalent to HBe/3 Ag and cross-reacts with it. Non-A, non-BeAg or Ab were detected in 51/62 post-transfusion and 11/56 sporadic acute non-A, non-B hepatitis cases, and in 12/14 cases affecting staff members. In non-A, non-B chronic persistent or active hepatitis and cryptogenic cirrhosis, the prevalence was similarly high: 14/18, 22/48 and 12/18 respectively. Ten out of 26 implicated blood donors were found positive for non-A, non-BeAg accounting for 7 out of 8 post-transfusion cases. A high prevalence of non-A, non-BeAg was also found in haemophiliacs (11/48) and haemodialysed patients (6/42), whereas anti-non-A, non-Be was respectively detected in 4/48 and 6/42 of these cases. 2. Using immunofluorescence, a second antigen termed non-A, non-BcAg has been identified in liver biopsies from 55/84 non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis or cryptogenic cirrhosis cases. All 8 positive biopsies examined by electron microscopy revealed clusters of 22--25 nm intranuclear particles identical to those described in chimpanzees. Anti-non-A, non-Bc detectable by counter-electrophoresis and indirect immunofluorescence was found in the serum of all patients of which biopsy was positive for non-A, non BcAg. Anti-non-A, non-Bc was also detected in 5/5 non-A, non-BeAg positive cases of post-transfusion hepatitis, 2--6 weeks after onset end remained positive for the 6 month follow-up period. 3. A third antigen, tentatively designated non-A, non-BsAg, has been found less frequently than non-A, non-BeAg in serum. However, it was detectable in 3/18 and 2/12 washed ultracentrifugation pellets of sera positive for non-A, non-BeAg or anti-non-A, non-Be, respectively. PMID- 6785288 TI - A method for coupling the hepatitis B surface antigen to aldehyde-fixed erythrocytes for use in passive hemagglutination. PMID- 6785289 TI - Control of preovulatory follicular estrogen biosynthesis in the human ovary. PMID- 6785290 TI - Growth hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in diabetes. AB - The effect of TRH on GH secretion was assessed in 13 insulin-dependent diabetics. PRL and TSH responses to TRH were also determined. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels and serial fasting glucose concentrations indicated that all but 1 of the patients had a period of poor diabetic control for several months before the study. Peak PRL and TSH levels after TRH injection in these diabetic patients did not differ significantly from values observed in nondiabetic individuals. Six of the patients responded to TRH with a significant rise in GH levels; basal GH concentrations were also elevated in these patients. Five of the 6 responders and none of the nonresponders had proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The results suggest that diabetics with elevated basal GH levels hyperrespond to TRH, and that nonspecific secretion of GH in response to TRH occurs in some patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Chronic hyperglycemia does not appear to be the critical factor in determining this response. PMID- 6785291 TI - Pregnancy after prolonged pulsatile administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in a patient with clomiphene-resistant secondary amenorrhea. AB - Induction of ovulation with LRH, self-administered by the patient (20 microgram every 2 h, iv) from 0700-2300 h continuously for 90 days, is described. Three ovulatory cycles resulted, and the patient conceived during the third cycle. The morning serum LH and FSH concentrations showed a pattern similar to that seen in normal cycles. Total urinary estrogen and pregnanediol excretion did not differ from those in normal cycles. This observation shows that the described mode of treatment is feasible and can result in normal intrauterine pregnancy. PMID- 6785292 TI - Effects of delta 1-testolactone on the pituitary-testicular axis in oligospermic men. AB - Ten men with idiopathic oligospermia were treated with delta 1-testolactone (Teslac), a potent inhibitor of conversion of androgens to estrogens. Teslac therapy caused a fall in serum estradiol and estrone levels of 34% (P less than 0.01) and 41% (P less than 0.01), respectively, and a rise in serum testosterone and androstenedione of 47% (P less than 0.02) and 70% (P less than 0.01), respectively. The testosterone-estradiol ratio increased by 126% (23.5 +/- 2.5 x 10(-1) to 45.2 +/- 5.0 x 10(-1); P less than 0.01) and the androstenedione:estrone ratio increased 231% (4.7 +/- 0.6 x 10(-1) to 12.9 +/- 2.0 x 10(-1); P less than 0.01). Basal and LRH-stimulated serum gonadotropin levels were unaffected by these changes. Sperm density rose from 10.8 +/- 2.5 to 19.8 +/- 4.7 x 10(6)/ml (P less than 0.01) and total sperm count from 26.8 +/- 6.5 to 60.6 +/- 14.3 x 10(6) (P less than 0.001). There was no significant change in motility or semen volume. Three of the wives became pregnant. There were no adverse effects of Teslac administration. These data suggest that Teslac may be an effective treatment for men with idiopathic oligospermia. Though the data do not clearly elucidate the mechanism of this effect, they are consistent with the possibility that Teslac's lowering of estrogen levels may have been responsible for the improvement in spermatogenesis. The findings also suggest that moderate increases in the circulating androgen-estrogen ratio do not affect gonadotropin output in men. PMID- 6785293 TI - Differential neuroendocrine responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep in man. PMID- 6785294 TI - Hypogonadism in a male with an immunologically active, biologically inactive luteinizing hormone: characterization of the abnormal hormone. PMID- 6785296 TI - Abnormal follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone patterns contrasting with normal estradiol and progesterone secretion in women with longstanding unexplained infertility. AB - Six women with unexplained longstanding infertility and regular menstrual cycles were studied. All had luteal structures identified at laparoscopy on normal appearing ovaries and normal plasma androgen levels. Daily or every other day determinations of FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were performed in one cycle. The results were compared to similar data obtained in five apparently normal women. All six infertile women had normal patterns of E2 secretion, with a characteristic midcycle rise, followed by a normal sustained elevation of plasma P. Contrasting with the above were grossly abnormal secretory patterns of FSH and LH in five of six patients. Two types of alterations were observed. 1) Four women had plasma LH persistently higher than FSH, with absolute LH concentrations above control levels in three. Midcycle LH surges were identifiable in all four, while a FSH surge was present in only one. The LH to FSH ratio was consistently above 2. 2) One patient had plasma FSH and LH levels fluctuating between high normal and the menopausal range. At midcycle, there was a synchronized rise of both FSH and LH though not as high as on other occasions in the same cycle. This was preceded by an E2 rise and followed by P elevation. The latter type (no. 2) of endocrine changes have been previously observed in much older women, during menopausal transition. The study indicates that normal E2 and P secretion, suggestive of normal ovarian function, may occur in the absence of characteristic FSH and LH patterns. The abnormal gonadotropin patterns may well be causally related to the patient's infertility. PMID- 6785295 TI - Prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas. V. Increased gonadotroph responsivity in hyperprolactinemic women with pituitary adenomas. PMID- 6785297 TI - The impact of euglycemia and hyperglycemia on stimulated pituitary hormone release in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - To study the influence of different blood glucose (BG) concentrations on the release of pituitary hormones, the effect of the simultaneous iv administration of LRH (200 micrograms), TRH (400 micrograms), and arginine (30 g/30 min) upon the serum concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, PRL, and GH was determined in six male insulin-dependent diabetics. BG concentration was clamped by feedback control and an automated glucose-controlled insulin infusion system at euglycemic (BG 4-5 mmol/liter) or hyperglycemic (BG, 14-18 mmol/liter) levels. Increments in serum concentrations of LH, FSH, TSH, and PRL were similar in the euglycemic and hyperglycemic steady states, whereas the GH response to arginine was suppressed during the hyperglycemic clamp (P less than 0.01). Omission of exogenous insulin during hyperglycemia did not modify the observed hormonal responses. Thus, the release of LH, FSH, TSH, and PRL in response to adequate acute stimuli at the pituitary level is not modulated by hyperglycemia in insulin-dependent diabetes, while arginine-induced GH release is suppressed. Since the effect of arginine on GH is most likely mediated by an action on the hypothalamus, the data suggest that elevated glucose concentrations may exert their modulatory influence on GH secretion at the hypothalamic rather than at the pituitary level. PMID- 6785298 TI - Obesity and its role in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - To examine the mechanism by which obesity influences ovulation, 55 patients with oligo- or anovulation were studied. Parameters measured in serum were sex steroid binding globulin (SSBG), testosterone (T), PRL, LH, FSH, and estradiol (E2). The women were divided into 2 groups: an obese group (group 1), greater than 145% of ideal body weight, and a normal weight group, less than 120% ideal body weight. SSBG was measured by saturation analysis T, LH, FSH, PRL, and E2 were measured by RIA. SSBG group 1 levels were 7.14 ng dihydrotestosterone bound/ml compared to 14.7 ng dihydrotestosterone bound/ml in group 2 (P less than 0.05). There were no significant differences in FSH, T, or E2. The correlation of body weight vs. SSBG in all patients was r = -0.62. In these 2 groups, the SSBG was significantly lower in the obese patients compared to that in the normal weight patients, independent of T or E2 levels. SSBG correlated negatively with body weight, suggesting that obesity has an influence on SSBG levels independent of hormonal status. When SSBG is lowered, there may be an increase in free T which, by inhibiting follicular maturation, may begin the sequence of events seen in polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 6785299 TI - The human chorionic gonadotropin-like substance in the plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects is not modulated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - To determine whether the hCG-like substance found in the plasma of normal nonpregnant subjects is secreted and regulated like a pituitary gonadotropic hormone or prohormone, we measured its concentration before and 60 min after the acute iv injection of 500 microgram Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). The study was performed in 12 normal young men. The hCG-like substance was purified from the other plasma proteins by 2 successive diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 chromatographies and by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Its concentration was measured by a specific RIA, corrected for losses and for possible contamination with human LH (hLH). The median basal concentration in plasma was 19 pg/ml (mean, 41; range less than 5 to 169), and there was no correlation with corresponding hLH concentrations. After the injection of GnRH, the median, mean, and range of concentrations remained constant, whereas the mean hLH concentration increased over 8-fold. This indicates that no significant amounts of the hCG-like substance are acutely releasable from the pituitary gland and that its plasma concentrations are not modulated by GnRH in a fashion similar to hLH. It also constitutes an argument for an extrapituitary origin of the plasma hCG-like substances in normal men. PMID- 6785300 TI - Induction of ovulation in a true hermaphrodite with male phenotype. AB - Ovulation was induced in a 16-yr-old 46 XX/47 XXY true hermaphrodite with a male phenotype. The presence of testicular tissue was assessed by a normal androgen response to hCG. Administration of FSH and LH for 8 consecutive days, followed by a single dose of hCG, induced a biphasic serum profile of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone similar to that observed in normal menstrual cycles. In addition, a significant rise in serum testosterone was noticed during the luteal phase. Laparotomy revealed the presence of a uterus, with evidence of endometrial bleeding and absence of a vagina. These results demonstrated that gonadotropins were able to induce follicular maturation, ovulation, and endometrial bleeding in a true hermaphrodite resembling a normal ovulatory cycle. Gonadotropin administration can be used as a diagnostic tool for establishing the presence of ovarian tissue in this gonadal development abnormality. PMID- 6785301 TI - Constancy of opioid control of luteinizing hormone in different pathophysiological states. AB - This study assessed the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on anterior pituitary hormone release in normal subjects and patients with disturbances of the gonadotropic axis. Intravenous bolus injections of naloxone resulted in a rise of plasma LH, but had no significant effect on plasma levels of FSH or PRL. It also failed to alter the LH, FSH, or TSH response to LRF and TRH, although it did augment the PRL response to TRH. Slow iv infusion of naloxone resulted in increased plasma LH and FSH concentrations in both normal subjects and patients with hyperprolactinemia. The rise of LH correlated with the mean basal LH concentrations; a low basal level only responded to naloxone with a small increase in circulating LH concentration and vice versa. This relationship of the response of LH to the resting levels also held in several other pathological states in which there were marked differences of androgen and estrogen status as well as up to a 100-fold variation in basal LH concentrations. It is concluded that LH is under inhibitory opioid control both in normal subjects and in widely differing pathological states of the gonadotropic axis. PMID- 6785302 TI - Prothrombin activation by a metalloprotease from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Formation of thrombin during incubation of purified bovine prothrombin with purified staphylococcal metalloprotease has been investigated. Thrombin activity was estimated by examination of clotting time and by digestion of a synthetic substrate, Chromozym TH. The metalloprotease caused direct activation of prothrombin which was inhibited by the addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Metalloprotease produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus may simulate staphylocoagulase activity. PMID- 6785303 TI - Detection of Rocky Mountain spotted fever antibodies by a latex agglutination test. AB - A latex test for immunodiagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, using erythrocyte-sensitizing substance from Rickettsia rickettsii adsorbed to latex particles, has been developed. The test was evaluated with a total of 123 single and 118 paired human sera submitted for Rocky Mount spotted fever testing. This test is simple, sensitive, and specific. Its efficiency, relative to the reference microimmunofluorescence test, was 95.1% for single sera and approached 100% for paired sera. PMID- 6785304 TI - Selective nonroutine microbial surveillance of in-use hospital nebulizers by aerosol entrapment and direct sampling analyses of solutions in reservoirs. AB - Effluent aerosols and liquid reservoir samples from 255 in-use hospital nebulization devices were analyzed by Aero-Test samplers (Olympic Corp.) and direct dilution procedures (0.1-, 0.01-, and 0.001-ml plated samples). Thirty five percent (89 of 255) of the in-use hospital reservoir samples were positive by direct dilution, and 24% (61 of 255) were positive by Aero- Test samplers. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus was found either alone or in association with Pseudomonas spp. in 50% of all the contaminated in-use reservoirs. This indicates a high endemicity for Acinetobacter in the environment studied. Viable microbes in the reservoirs of contaminated nebulizers ranged from as few as 20 to >2 x 10(5) colony-forming units/ml. Microbial contamination at moderate to heavy levels (1 x 10(4) to >2 x 10(5)) was regularly detected by both procedures. Microbial densities of 10(3) colony-forming units/ml and less in contaminated reservoirs often were negative in the Aero- Test but positive by direct dilution techniques. These hospital-based results were similar to laboratory data obtained with sterile nebulizers intentionally contaminated in graduated densities with either Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sensitivity of the Aero- Test system was best when >/=10(4) colony-forming units/ml were present in the reservoirs of operating nebulizers. The manufacturer suggests that five or less colonies appearing after sampling on Aero- Test plates upon 48-h incubation does not indicate contamination of the reservoir. Our data show that even a single colony, particularly if it is typical, water-associated, gram-negative bacterial species, may well indicate low levels of reservoir contamination. Both the Aero- Test and direct dilution methods indicated the need for more rigorous management of the in-use respiratory therapy equipment in the hospital surveyed. These studies demonstrate the value of selective nonroutine surveillance for identifying potential or actual contamination problems of in-use nebulizing equipment, particularly when recommended care guidelines are not followed due to choice or unawareness. Ameliorative-corrective measures, which included routine 24-h substitution of old units with new sterile units, were initiated as a result of this surveillance program. PMID- 6785305 TI - Combining cervical and anal-canal specimens for gonorrhea on a single culture plate. AB - To reduce the cost of detecting gonorrhea, we studied the effect on diagnostic sensitivity of combining two culture specimens on the same plate of modified Thayer-Martin medium, using specimens from 7,787 women seen consecutively in the clinic. There was no significant difference (P greater than 0.05) between one cervical and one anal-canal specimen placed on separate plates (C,A) and these two specimens combined but spaced apart on a single plate (C/A), or between two cervical specimens combined but spaced apart on the same plate (C/C) and C/A. Therefore, C/C, C/A, and C,A have equivalent diagnostic sensitivities. C/A detected 5.68% more women with gonorrhea than did a single cervical culture (C) (P less than 0.001). If C/A were to replace C,A for culture specimens from women seen in venereal disease clinics and C for specimens taken and cultured outside of venereal disease, gonorrhea control programs in the United States could realize savings in excess of $2.5 million per year. PMID- 6785307 TI - Urethritis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. AB - A glucose-negative group B strain of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from a meningitis case is described. A brief review of Neisseria identification procedures is also presented. PMID- 6785306 TI - Comparison of passive hemagglutination, bactericidal activity, and radioimmunological methods in measuring antibody responses to Neisseria meningitidis group A capsular polysaccharide vaccine. AB - Passive hemagglutination (HA), a bactericidal activity test (BCA), and radioimmunoassay (RIA) were compared in measuring serum antibodies before and after group A meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccination of servicemen. The three methods were found satisfactory in demonstrating a response to vaccination in this age group. Of the postimmunization sera, 5% remained without HA and 1% remained without BCA activity; 1% of the postimmunization sera had less than 2 micrograms of antibody per ml as measured by RIA. Approximately 60% of the serum pairs showed a greater than or equal to 32-fold rise in HA titer, a greater than or equal 25-fold rise in BCA titer, or a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in antibody concentration by RIA. A difference in response to two different vaccine lots was seen with RIA and BCA. Although the calculated correlation between the three methods was good, some individual sera gave discrepant results. These could be shown to be due mainly to one of the following factors: low HA titer was due to lack of the immunoglobulin M and A classes of antibodies, low BCA titer was due to the blocking effect of high immunoglobulin A content, and high BCA titer was due to antibodies directed to bacterial components other than the capsular polysaccharide. PMID- 6785308 TI - Aberrant strain of group G Neisseria meningitidis. AB - A glucose-negative group B strain of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from a meningitis case is described. A brief review of Neisseria identification procedures is also presented. PMID- 6785309 TI - Application of immunoperoxidase staining to more rapid detection and identification of rubella virus isolates. AB - Efforts were made to shorten the time required for detection of rubella virus in clinical materials through the use of immunoperoxidase (IP) staining. Comparative studies were performed in which specimens were inoculated in parallel into BHK-21 hamster kidney cells, which were examined by IP staining at 5 days, and into BK 13 and BS-C-1 cells, which were examined in two ways, viz., by subpassage at 7 days into BHK-21 cells and IP staining 3 days later and by subpassage at 7 days into BS-C-1 cells followed by interference testing and immunofluorescence (IF) staining on positive materials (standard method). Direct inoculation into BHK-21 cells with IP staining at 5 days permitted detection and identification of 59% of the 63 positive specimens. Toxicity of some specimens preserved with sorbitol and of certain tissue specimens reduced the number of satisfactory examinations which could be performed in this system. Virus detection and identification by IP staining on subpassaged RK-13 and BS-C-1 materials, requiring a total of 18 days, was comparable to the longer interference-IF method, requiring 17 days. Results obtained by IP staining and interference-IF showed 98% correlation on RK-13 materials and 97% correlation on BS-C-1 materials. IP staining on inoculated BHK 21 cells can be a useful method for rapid identification of a relatively high proportion of rubella-positive specimens, particularly if sorbitol-preserved specimens are avoided, and IP staining on subpassaged RK-13 and BS-C-1 materials is a highly satisfactory alternative to the longer interference-IF method. PMID- 6785310 TI - Detection of Legionella pneumophila capsular-like envelope antigens by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - The capsular-like envelope of Legionella pneumophila strains Togus 1 (serotype 2) and Philadelphia 1 (serotype 1) was isolated and purified by column chromatography on Sepharose 6B. Antibody raised in rabbits to these two antigenic materials did not cross-react in gel diffusion. Upon electrophoresis followed by gel diffusion, the majority of both envelope materials was found to migrate towards the cathode. A minor antigenic component of each envelope only migrated slightly towards the anode. Using the envelope antigens and the two anti-envelope sera in a counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) assay, positive results were only obtained when the antigenic materials were placed in the cathodal well. The Togus 1 and Philadelphia 1 antigens did not cross-react in CIE. The sensitivity of the CIE assay was poor (15.6 micrograms/ml by carbohydrate content) compared to its sensitivity in other microbial systems. Although CIE may not be a useful diagnostic aid in identifying Legionella species due to its low sensitivity, it may be of value in serotyping the microorganism since we did not see cross reactivity between the two strains when anti-envelope sera were used. PMID- 6785311 TI - Metal requirements of Legionella pneumophila. AB - Serial passage of six strains of Legionella pneumophila and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a liquid chemically defined medium deficient in trace metals resulted in the death of five L. pneumophila strains and very limited growth in the remaining strain and the P. aeruginosa strain. Addition of either iron or magnesium restored growth to almost normal levels in all of the strains when early-passage inocula were used. A low concentration of magnesium stimulated growth with cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, or zinc. When a complete defined medium containing trace metals was used, growth was inhibited by adding the chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citrate, or 2,2' bipyridyl. Chelator inhibition was partly or fully relieved with either calcium, cobalt, copper, iron, magnesium, molybdenum, nickel, vanadium, or zinc. P. aeruginosa differed from L. pneumophila in that it required higher concentrations of each chelator to inhibit growth and that its growth was stimulated by only four metals: calcium, iron, magnesium, and zinc. A trace-metal supplement for L. pneumophila was designed which included all metals stimulating growth in these experiments and which proved to be sufficient for optimal growth of all the strains. PMID- 6785312 TI - Evaluation of transport methods for isolating Shigella spp. AB - Recovery of Shigella spp. from fecal specimens transported in buffered glycerol saline and Cary-Blair media held at frozen, refrigerated, or room temperature was compared with recovery by direct plating of fecal specimens. Buffered glycerol saline was the better transport medium for the recovery of Shigella spp. Refrigerated or frozen transport temperatures were superior to room temperature for recovery from either medium. PMID- 6785313 TI - Improved lyophilization procedure for storage of reference cultures and clinical isolates. AB - A capillary lyophilization technique was devised as a simple means for storage of replicate cultures. This technique was evaluated over a 1-year period, utilizing 18 different strains. PMID- 6785315 TI - Alpha and beta subunit immunoreactivity of reference preparations used in the radioimmunoassay of follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormones in serum. AB - The 2nd IRP-HMG, the 1st IS, and LER 907 have been widely used in standard FSH and LH RIA systems to measure circulating levels of FSH and LH in human serum. In these systems, the dose-response curves elicited by the preparations were parallel to each other and to that of serum samples tested. When these materials were studied in the homologous alpha and beta-hLH RIA systems, the three hormones and a serum sample used as internal control in all assays, displayed a higher degree of contamination with alpha than with beta-hLH subunits. On weight basis, the alpha/beta ratios were 18.0, 18.7, 6.7, and 13.0, for the 2nd IRP-HMG, 1st IS, LER 907 and serum, respectively. In the homologous alpha and beta hfSH RIA's, the highest contamination with alpha-hfSH was displayed by (alpha/beta ratio:10), the alpha/beta ratios for the 2nd IRP-HMG and 1st IS were 2.2 and 1.1, respectively. The serum sample contained about 6.2 ng equivalent of alpha hFSH/ml; beta-hFSH was not detected. PMID- 6785316 TI - The cytochemical section-bioassay of gastrin-like activity. AB - A cytochemical section-bioassay of gastrin-like activity is described in which such activity in plasma is assayed by its stimulation of carbonic anhydrase activity in serial, 18 micrometers-thick, sections of suitably prepared gastric fundus of the guinea-pig. The index of precision was 0.1 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SEM; n=8). Fiducial limits were 75-134%. Intra-assay variation was +/- 6.4% (n=4); inter-assay variation was +/- 16.3% (n=3). The mean gastrin-like activity in the plasma of 15 fasting normal subjects was 5.1 +/- 0.49 x 10(-12)M (range 1.4-18.2 x 10(-12)M). PMID- 6785317 TI - Enzyme-immunoassay: a powerful analytical tool. AB - This paper reviews various aspects of enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). Firstly it summarizes the principles of tests in which use is made of labelled antigen or antibody. Since these constitute essential reagents in EIA they are discussed next. Many assay principles call for a bound/free separation. The various methods to accomplish this are therefore briefly discussed. Very important are the characteristics of EIA: specificity, sensitivity, precision and practicability, the latter including reagent stability, performance requirements, assay times and automation potential. Finally, fields of application are listed and some more recent developments are mentioned. PMID- 6785314 TI - Human seminal plasma inhibition of antibody complement-mediated killing and opsonization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other gram-negative organisms. AB - Seminal plasma diluted 1:5-1:1,000 gave marked inhibition of serum antibody complement-mediated bactericidal and opsonic effects against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other gram-negative organisms. Serum that was bactericidal at a dilution of 1:5,120 was not bactericidal at a dilution of 1:10 when seminal plasma was added. Bactericidal action of immune human or rabbit sera, or purified immunoglobulin (Ig)G or IgM plus complement for six strains of N. gonorrhoeae, serogroups A, B, C, and Y of Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli and other gram-negative rods was inhibited by seminal plasma. Using C8- or C7-deficient sera as antibody and complement sources, opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing of N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli 014-K7 were inhibited by seminal plasma. Opsonization, phagocytosis, and killing of Staphylococcus aureus 502A was not inhibited. For the gram-negative organisms, the early phase of the opsonization process, probably complement activation, appeared to be inhibited rather than the ingestion or polymorphonuclear leukocyte killing steps; addition of seminal plasma yielded a significant reduction in the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells with associated bacteria. Seminal plasma did not prevent attachment of IgG, IgM, or IgA antibodies to gonococci. It reduced serum hemolytic whole complement activity by 25%. The seminal plasma inhibitor was of low molecular weight and was stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but inhibitory activity was lost after heating to 100 degrees C for 10 min. It is likely that the inhibitory factor(s) is a low molecular weight protease or protease inhibitor. Seminal plasma probably has an important role in inhibition of complement and antibody functions in the genital tract. It may enhance pathogenesis of agents of sexually transmitted diseases. PMID- 6785319 TI - Megaloblastic anaemia after pelvic radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. AB - A 71-year-old woman was treated with radiotherapy for carcinoma of the cervix. Nine year later she was found at laparotomy to have a thickened narrow ileum. At the time she had an iron-deficiency anaemia and when this was treated the blood picture changed to that of a severe megaloblastic anaemia. This was due to cobalamin deficiency resulting from malabsorption of cobalamin by the damaged ileum. PMID- 6785318 TI - Potential risk of prolonged administration of stimulant medication for hyperactive children. AB - A battery of clinical laboratory evaluations was obtained biannually in hyperactive boys treated continuously with methylphenidate hydrochloride for 1 to 4 years. Blood pressure and heart rate were evaluated annually. Pretreatment baseline studies did not implicate low blood glucose or calcium levels, or anemia, as factors contributing to hyperactivity. Prolonged administration of methylphenidate hydrochloride was not associated with disturbances in the hemopoietic, endocrine, hepatic or cardiovascular functions analyzed. PMID- 6785320 TI - Plasma diamine oxidase levels in pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion. AB - Plasma diamine oxidase levels were assayed in 66 patients who presented with pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion. Levels within the normal range were associated with continuing pregnancies, whereas levels below the normal range were associated with subsequent abortion. Among those patients in whom gestation was greater than eight weeks, 66.6% of diamine oxidase levels correctly predicted the pregnancy outcome. Assay of the diamine oxidase levels at eight weeks of gestation or less gave little useful information. PMID- 6785322 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to detect human tumours: an experimental approach. AB - The use of monoclonal antibodies which can be raised to antigens of choice offers a selective and specific approach for the detection of tumours both in vivo and at a cellular level in biopsy specimens. We demonstrate that a monoclonal antibody raised to human teratoma will localise in a teratoma, growing as a xenograft in immune-suppressed mice. PMID- 6785321 TI - Enzyme and membrane markers in leukaemia: recent developments. AB - Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) assay has proved a valuable test for distinguishing lymphoblastic from myeloblastic leukaemias, particularly in adults whose blast cells are often negative for the c-ALL antigen. The immunofluorescence assay, particularly when used in combination with antisera to surface membrane antigens, has proved a sensitive technique for detecting small numbers of lymphoblasts in extramedullary sites, for example, testis or cerebrospinal fluid, or of residual Thy-ALL blasts in the marrow, which might otherwise be difficult to recognise. Differences in concentration of several enzymes concerned in purine metabolism have been detected between the blast cells in the various acute leukaemias. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) concentrations tend to be higher in Thy-ALL than in other forms of leukaemia, but the wide overlap reduces the diagnostic value of this assay. Thy-ALL blasts, however, appear to be selectively and exquisitely susceptible to inhibition of ADA by the drug deoxycoformycin, which has now been used sucessfully in a number of other wise resistant patients with Thy-ALL to obtain a complete remission. The recently introduced technique for the production of monoclonal antibodies has substantially widened the reagents available for analysing the membrane characteristics of bone marrow stem cells and of cell lineages derived from them. These have revealed previously unsuspected heterogeneity among different cases of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, for example, among Thy-ALL blasts from different patients, and they have also delineated minor populations of immature thymocytes from which these leukaemic cells are derived. The potential use of these antibodies to prevent graft-versus-host disease by selective removal of T lymphocytes from donor bone marrow before allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, or to prevent recurrence of Thy-ALL and other lymphoblastic leukaemias or lymphomas by selective removal of leukaemic or lymphoma malignant cells before autologous transplantation, is reviewed. PMID- 6785323 TI - Comparative protein binding of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam. PMID- 6785324 TI - Steady-state lithium blood level fluctuations in man following administration of a lithium carbonate conventional and controlled-release dosage form. AB - A controlled-release lithium carbonate tablet was compared to an immediate release lithium carbonate capsule in normal volunteers. These crossover studies at steady state showed that the tablet produced a smoother serum curve than the capsule with no loss of total bioavailability. Quantitatively, the capsule produced about 1.4 times more fluctuation in serum lithium values than the tablet. PMID- 6785325 TI - A trident approach: the surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. One case report, twenty years of post-surgery. PMID- 6785326 TI - Guidelines for prescribers of controlled substances. A joint statement of the Drug Enforcement Administration and the DEA/Practitioners Working Committee. PMID- 6785327 TI - Luting agents for temporary crowns. PMID- 6785328 TI - The mandibular repositioning appliance, temporomandibular muscular balance, an athletic performance. PMID- 6785329 TI - The effect of vitamin C on third molar surgery. PMID- 6785330 TI - [Dental treatment of a hemophilic patient]. PMID- 6785331 TI - Behavior of odontoblasts and basal lamina of trypsin or EDTA-isolated mouse dental papillae in short-term culture. AB - Embryonic mouse first mandibular molars (day 18), containing the first overtly differentiated odontoblasts, were treated with EDTA or trypsin, to obtain isolated dental papillae. Trypsin dissociation was accompanied by disappearance of the basal lamina. EDTA-treatment removed the basal lamina from the basal surface of the epithelium, but left it associated with the dental papillae. EDTA- or trypsin-isolated dental papillae were grown for three to 24 h at the top of a plasma clot. Trypsin-isolated dental papillae rapidly lost their typical morphology, and the post-mitotic odontoblasts never became functional. EDTA isolated dental papillae remained covered by the basal lamina for 15 to 18 h. During this period, the typical morphology was maintained, and post-mitotic odontoblasts secreted predentin. Preodontoblasts and odontoblasts went through the basal lamina and migrated at the outer surface of the basal lamina (i.e., at the side facing away from the enamel organ). PMID- 6785332 TI - Economic growth in the U.S. dental industry, 1950-1977. AB - This paper addresses the issue of economic growth in the U.S. dental industry. The rates of growth in real output in the dental industry and in the U.S. economy are compared for the period 1950-1977. The annual dental rate of 4.5 percent is significantly greater (P .001) than the 3.7 percent rate for the economy. In addition, inflation has been less in dentistry than in the economy. The consequences of growth of the dental industry are also discussed. PMID- 6785334 TI - Reduction of polychlorinated biphenyl toxicity and uptake of carbon-14 activity by plants through the use of activated carbon. PMID- 6785333 TI - Pesticide mutagenicity in Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhimurium detectors. PMID- 6785335 TI - Postgraduate course presentation. Infantile bronchial asthma. AB - There is no evidence that any type of therapy, including hyposensitization therapy, will directly influence prognosis. The long-term prognosis of childhood asthma is less optimistic than previously believed. Approximately 30% of the patients who become symptom-free in adolescence relapse and become symptomatic in early adulthood. Blair's recent 20-yr follow-up report on 267 childhood asthmatics revealed that only 50% had become almost or completely symptom-free. Moreover, there is evidence that 60% of those who become symptom-free still demonstrate bronchial hyperreactivity and are liable to wheeze again if challenged with an appropriate stimuli. Therefore, the dictum that most children "outgrow" their asthma is incorrect and a more likely explanation is that most childhood asthmatics "outgrow" their pediatricians. PMID- 6785336 TI - Bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine in patients with bronchial asthma after long-term treatment with gold salt. AB - Three groups of adult patients with bronchial asthma were subjected to long-term chrysotherapy (gold therapy), immunotherapy, or symptomatic therapy. Five of 14 patients who were treated with repeated injections of gold salt entered a symptom free state that continued for more than 3 yr without the use of any bronchodilators or corticosteroids. In the other groups, there were no patients who entered such a state of long-term remission during the treatment. A statistically significant decrease in the bronchial responsiveness to inhaled acetylcholine was also observed in patients who received chrysotherapy. In the other groups, there were no significant differences between the bronchial responsiveness to acetylcholine that was estimated before the treatment and that measured after long-term treatment. Long-term chrysotherapy in the asthmatic patients did not reduce their serum level of total IgE. Gold salt, which is generally accepted as an antirheumatic drug, has also been used as an antiasthmatic drug by some Japanese practitioners despite the absence of evidence to support the therapeutic effect of the drug on asthma; the results of the study provide more information on the treatment of bronchial asthma with gold therapy. PMID- 6785337 TI - Urinary dysfunction in a geriatric long-term care population: prevalence and patterns. AB - More complete data on th prevalence and types of urinary dysfunction in geriatric institutional patients are essential for the management of their urologic problems. Over a 13-month period, a prospective study was conducted of all new admissions to a hospital for long-term care. Eighty percent (277/347) of the newly admitted patients were geriatric (65 or older). Urinary dysfunction was identified in 69.3 percent of the geriatric group; 38.3 percent were incontinent, 20.2 percent bore a urinary diversion device, and 10.8 percent were symptomatic without incontinence. Obtaining reliable information about urologic status posed a significant problem, particularly as 27 percent of the subjects had a mental disorder, including organic brain syndrome or confusion. Thirty percent of all patients questioned were unable to give any history of their own health status. Questioning of both staff and patient to determine reliability of the data revealed that the given information was correct in 77 percent of patients who acknowledged genitourinary dysfunction, and in 83 percent of those who denied it. The study failed to elicit useful data concerning the specificity of symptoms, urologic history, diagnosis and management of urinary dysfunction in this series of geriatric patients under long-term institutional care. PMID- 6785338 TI - Vasectomy and arteriolar sclerosis. PMID- 6785339 TI - An enzymatic method for microdetermination of aphidicolin: a promising anticancer drug. AB - We have developed a method, based on the in vitro inhibition of purified human DNA polymerase alpha, the major enzyme of DNA replication, which allows the rapid and accurate determination of pmol amounts of aphidicolin, a promising anticancer drug. The efficacy of this simple method was verified by the determination of aphidicolin in the liver, spleen, blood and urine of mice treated parenterically with the drug. Given its sensitivity and the avoidance of radioactive tracers, this enzymatic method is suitable for the determination of the drug in body fluids and tissue biopsies from living humans. It allows the detection and quantitation of aphidicolin in the presence of inactive metabolite(s) with very similar chemical structure(s) such as those generated by liver microsomal oxidases. The technique will also be useful to monitor the purification of the drug from cultures of Cephalosporium aphidicola. PMID- 6785340 TI - A simple method for the determination of DNA molecular weight distribution. AB - A method is described for the molecular weight distribution of DNA which is determined from sedimentation-velocity analysis. Knowing the distribution of sedimentation coefficients for a single DNA concentration it is possible to extrapolate such a distribution to infinite dilution of the solute in a simple way. Two versions (using two or three terms of a series) of extrapolating equations are considered and discussed in detail. The sedimentation coefficients distribution calculated from these equations differs only insignificantly with that obtained in a conventional way. PMID- 6785341 TI - [Biological study of aminopeptidase in chemically induced carcinoma]. PMID- 6785342 TI - An unusual case of ectopic ossification in a finger. PMID- 6785344 TI - Naso-gastric tube-feeding. A survey to investigate current practices and attitudes of dietitians. PMID- 6785343 TI - A neurochemical and immunocytochemical study of P2 protein in human and bovine nervous systems. AB - The anatomical distribution of P2 protein was studied in human autopsy tissue. Spinal cord (SC) and peripheral nerve (PN) were stained by the peroxidase antiperoxidase method with antisera to bovine P2, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and myelin basic protein (BP). P2 antiserum did not stain all of the myelin in the PN. The staining was randomly distributed and discontinuous along a given myelinated axon. P2 antiserum also stained SC myelin in a pattern similar to the PN. Only a fraction of the sheaths stained, in contrast to BP antiserum that stained all myelin sheaths in both the SC and PN. P2-positive myelin was distributed throughout the SC white matter, including an occasional myelinated fiber in the SC grey matter. P2 and BP antisera did not stain regions of demyelination in a case of idiopathic polyneuritis, while adjacent myelinated PN stained normally. Absorption of the P2 antiserum with P2, bovine PN or bovine SC (carefully dissected to eliminate PN contamination) nullified the specific staining in both the PN and SC; however, absorption with BP or hemispheric myelin did not eliminate P2 staining. The P2 antiserum formed a single immunodiffusion line with pure P2 and acid extracts of bovine SC and PN myelin, but not with an acid extract of bovine hemispheric myelin. Electrophoresis of defatted bovine SC produced a distinct band corresponding to P2. Therefore, three lines of evidence, immunocytochemical, immunodiffusion and electrophoretic, suggest that P2 is present in PN and SC but not in hemispheric myelin. PMID- 6785345 TI - Causes and prevention of diarrhoea in patients receiving enteral nutritional support. PMID- 6785346 TI - Observations on the suckling's dilemma--a personal view. PMID- 6785347 TI - Endogenously produced Ia antigens within cells of convoluted tubules of rat kidney. PMID- 6785348 TI - A human T lymphocyte differentiation marker defined by monoclonal antibodies that block E-rosette formation. AB - A new human T cell surface antigen, Leu-5, has been defined using a set of monoclonal antibodies that block rosette formation between T lymphocytes and sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Four antibodies obtained from 2 different fusions using 2 immunized mouse strains all reacted with the same antigen. All these antibodies gave identical quantitative immunofluorescence (FACS) profiles, all gave the same staining profiles and intensities when used singly or in combinations, and all precipitated the same molecule. The antigen is a single polypeptide chain, 40,000 to 50,000 Mr, and is found on all thymocytes, peripheral T cells, and some null cells, but not on B cells. Leu-5 is a differentiation antigen that decreases in density as thymocytes mature to peripheral T lymphocytes. Thus, the Leu-5+ subpopulations ranked in order of decreasing Leu-5 density are: a subpopulation of subcapsular thymocytes greater than cortical and medullary thymocytes greater than peripheral T cells (cytotoxic/suppressor subset) greater than peripheral T cells (helper/inducer subset). The density distribution pattern of Leu-5 parallels the relative affinity of thymocytes and peripheral T lymphocytes for SRBC. We suggest that Leu 5 is either identical to or closely associated with the human T lymphocyte receptor for SRBC. PMID- 6785349 TI - Serologic and structural characterization of immunoglobulin chains secreted by rabbit-mouse hybridomas. AB - Serologic and primary structural analyses of Ig chains secreted by several rabbit mouse hybridomas have shown that these hybrid cells produce heavy (H) or light (L) chains identical to those isolated from rabbit sera. Two of the cell lines (7D2, 7D6) secreted rabbit H chains with a m.w. of 55,000 each of which expressed a full complement of variable and constant region allotypes (a3, d11, e15). These apparently normal rabbit H chains were secreted in a complex with a m.w. about 130,000, and serologic studies indicated that this complex contained a covalently linked mouse kappa L chain. Two other cell lines (4C1, 12F2) produced allotype b4 L chains with m.w. of 23,000 and 25,000, and a third (1D4P5) produced an allotype b5 L chain with a m.w. of 23,000. Serologic analyses indicated that the allotypes on these chains are equivalent to those expressed by normal rabbit Ig molecules. Partial amino acid sequence data obtained for the L chain products showed them to be typical of rabbit L chains, and to be significantly different from mouse L chains. PMID- 6785350 TI - The third component of complement: covalent attachment of a radioactive sugar to the labile binding site of C3 via the alternative pathway. AB - A complement- (C) fixing particle consisting of agarose beads to which 5 thioglucose was attached by a --S--S-- bond (agarose-thioglucose) was employed to investigate the mechanism of attachment of C3 to surfaces. When whole serum containing [125I] C3 was incubated with agarose-thioglucose, labeled C3b was taken up in a form that was not removed by 2 M NaCl but was released by 10 mM dithiothreitol. Deposition of DTT-releasable C3b was dependent upon the alternative pathway of C activation. Gel electrophoresis of DTT-releasable C3b from similar experiments performed with unlabeled serum and agarose [3H]thioglucose showed that the liberated C3b contained a molecule of radioactive thioglucose attached to the alpha'-chain by a covalent bond that was stable to mercaptoethanol. We propose that the thioglucose-alpha' chain bond was formed during the course of C activation by a reaction between the "labile binding site" of newly released C3b and the (then) particle-bound sugar. This formulation implies that the reaction by which C3b attaches to 5-thioglucose in this system is the reaction responsible for opsonization by C3b, and that the C3b-linked sugar represents a marker for the labile binding site. Incubation of the particle bound C3b in serum resulted in the cleavage of the covalently linked alpha'-chain to several smaller polypeptides, the major cleavage product having a m.w. of 70,000. PMID- 6785351 TI - The use of a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody to study the biology of a human B cell lymphoma. AB - Immunoglobulin was obtained from the tumor cells of a patient with nodular lymphoma by hybridization to mouse myeloma cells. The human immunoglobulin secreted by these hybridoma cells was used as an immunogen to make murine monoclonal antibodies. Antibodies specific for idiotype, mu heavy chain and lambda light chain, were produced. One anti-idiotype antibody was used to document that idiotype-positive cells and low levels of 19S IgM idiotype were present in the patient's blood. The levels of each were found to correlate with the patient's disease activity. The monoclonal anti-idiotype was effective in eliminating idiotype-positive cells in vitro by solid phase absorption or by complement-mediated cytotoxicity. The anti-idiotype was also used to analyze the host's immunologic response to his own tumor idiotype. There was neither a detectable anti-idiotype antibody response produced in vivo nor a detectable population of T cells that expressed idiotype of could bind idiotype. PMID- 6785352 TI - Analysis of the biosynthesis of HLA-DR glycoproteins in human malignant melanoma cell lines. AB - Human malignant melanoma cell line SK-MEL-37 expresses HLA-DR antigens having a characteristic 2-chain structure, with heavy chains (alpha) of approximately 32,000 daltons and light chains (beta) of approximately 28,000 daltons. Nonequilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) on HLA-DR immunoprecipitated by rabbit anti-HLA-DR sera from [35S]-methionine-labeled, pulse-chased cells showed 2 closely spaced heavy-chain components (1, 2) and 4 light-chain spots (3 6). From nonchased samples, numerous more-basic components running in the heavy chain region were also precipitated. In particular, a very basic, 30,000 dalton component (pl approximately 8.5) was prominent (component 7); this spot probably corresponds to the invariant (Ii) peptide previously demonstrated in lymphoid cell HLA-DR precipitates (9) and the M-1 peptide of Shackelford and Strominger (10). None of these components (alpha, beta, or component 7) was precipitated from extracts of HLA-DR-negative melanoma cells. Pulse-chase experiments and the use of different labeled sugar precursors showed that component 7 is a partially glycosylated intracellular precursor, possibly of the HLA-DR alpha-chain. None of the immunoprecipitates, even from cells pulse-labeled for only 15 min, contained a peptide migrating in the 55,000 to 60,000 m.w. region. It was concluded that melanoma HLA-DR is not synthesized via a polyprotein precursor. In contrast to these results, obtained with rabbit anti-HLA-DR sera, a mouse monoclonal anti-HLA DR was found to precipitate only biosynthetically completed alpha (1, 2) and beta (3-6) chains. PMID- 6785353 TI - Cross-reactions between mouse Ia and human HLA-D/DR antigens analyzed with monoclonal alloantibodies. AB - Two mouse monoclonal anti-I-E/Ck alloantibodies (H7-8.26 and H10-81.10) directed against 2 distinct determinants of the specificity Ia-7 and 1 anti-I-Ak alloantibody (H8-15.9) directed against a public determinant common to the I-A subregion products of the H-2k, H-2b, H-2d, H-2q, and H-2ja haplotypes identified cross-reactive determinants on lymphoid cells from various mammalian species, including rat, dog, pig, cow, hamster, and guinea pig. In man, these antibodies detected nonpolymorphic determinants of DR antigens on B cell-enriched peripheral blood lymphocytes from 50 unrelated individuals. These cross-reactive DR determinants were also detected on lymphoblastoid B cell lines, on PHA-activated peripheral T lymphocytes, and on allospecific cytolytic T cell clones, but not on various DR-negative human T leukemia cell lines. Two chains of 29,000 and 35,000 daltons m.w., corresponding to DR antigens, were precipitated by H7-8.26 and H8 15.9 antibodies from radiolabeled membrane extracts of Raji cells. Competitive binding experiments indicated that the 3 mouse anti-Iak antibodies identified 3 distinct cross-reactive determinants on human cells. The results indicate that: a) The cross-reactivity described between mouse I-E/C gene products (Ia-7) and human DR antigen(s) involves, in fact, several distinct and topologically distant determinants. b) At least 1 determinant cross-reacting with DR can be identified on I-Ak gene products. c) The intriguing genetic problem of mouse MHC allotypic determinant(s) being nonpolymorphic in man cannot be simply explained by the deletion of an I-E alpha chain in some strains of mice. PMID- 6785354 TI - Spontaneous lytic activity against allogeneic tumor cells and depression of specific cytotoxic responses in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The ability of cells from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi to generate specific as well as nonspecific cell-mediated cytotoxic responses to allogeneic tumor cells was investigated. The capacity of spleen cells from either C3H/He (C3H) or C57BL/6 (B6) mice to develop cytotoxic responses in vitro against P-815 tumor cells was depressed after the 2nd wk of acute infection initiated with 10(3) parasites. However, spleen cell responses in B6 mice sensitized against P 815 were depressed only in those mice infected for 16 to 22 days and were significantly enhanced in mice infected for shorter or longer periods of time. In subsequent experiments, significant cytotoxic activity against P-815 target cells was observed in cells from infected B6 and, to a lesser degree, C3H mice without prior sensitization with the tumor cells. With the use of both P-815 and YAC tumor cell lines in cytotoxicity assays, two phases of apparently nonspecific T. cruzi-induced lytic activity (TILA) were observed after infection: a 1st phase detected within 2 days against YAC target cells, and a subsequent phase detected against both YAC and P-815 target cells at a time dependent upon the number of parasites injected. Other results demonstrated increased cytotoxic activity against P-815 target cells in 2.5-mo-old C3H mice infected with greater numbers of T. cruzi or when older (4.5 to 6.5 mo) mice were infected with 10(3) parasites. Antibodies cross-reactive to tumor cells were not detected in sera from infected mice, suggesting that TILA is an antibody-independent phenomenon. Possible relationships between the phases of TILA and the modification of specific responses generated in infected mice are discussed. PMID- 6785355 TI - The regulation of growth and differentiation of a murine B cell lymphoma. I. Lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation. AB - The B cell lymphoma WEHI 231 has been previously characterized as resembling a resting B cell, bearing large amounts of IgM on the cell surface, but not secreting immunoglobulin. When WEHI 231 cells were cultured together with low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.01 to 3 micrograms/ml), increased levels of immunoglobulin were detected in culture supernatants. Analysis by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis demonstrated that this was secreted (19S) IgM. It was noted that small amounts of secretory IgM were produced even in control cultures not deliberately exposed to LPS. Analysis of the cell lysates showed that LPS treatment resulted in a reduction of synthesis of the surface form of IgM. In contrast, the cytoplasmic pool of IgM precursors was considerably expanded by LPS treatment, reflecting the overall increase in synthesis of IgM in LPS-treated cells. These changes in IgM metabolism appear to parallel closely those occurring in normal B cells after mitogen or antigen challenge. This cloned tumor line promises to be a valuable system in which to investigate some of the molecular events in B cell differentiation. PMID- 6785356 TI - The regulation of growth and differentiation of a murine B cell lymphoma. II. The inhibition of WEHI 231 by anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. AB - WEHI 231 is a murine B cell lymphoma, which from our previous studies is highly susceptible to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced differentiation signal. In this paper we show that anti-immunoglobulin (Ig) antibody at low concentrations (0.1 micrograms/ml) inhibits cell proliferation and results in cell death. Heterologous sera specific for mu- and kappa-chains, and a monoclonal antibody (E4) developed in our laboratory and specific for mu-chain, profoundly suppressed the growth of WEHI 231 in both soft agar culture and liquid culture. The F(ab')2 fragments were as potent as intact Ig, indicating that neither Fc receptor binding nor complement activation were required for this inhibition of growth. Neither heterologous antibodies that bound to WEHI 231 but not to the Ig receptor, nor a monoclonal antibody that bound to non-Ig cell surface structures (a brain-associated antigen) inhibited the growth of WEHI 231. LPS did not prevent inhibition of growth by anti-Ig antibody, and even when addition of LPS preceded the addition of anti-Ig, profound inhibition occurred. WEHI 231 thus promises to be a convenient tool for investigating the mechanism of signal transmission by the Ig receptor. PMID- 6785357 TI - The protective antigen of malarial sporozoites (Plasmodium berghei) is a differentiation antigen. AB - Pb44, the protective antigen of rodent malaria sporozoite (Plasmodium berghei) covers the entire surface of mature, salivary gland sporozoites. This antigen is undetectable in approximately 50% of the immature, i.e., oocyst sporozoites. On the surface of the remaining oocyst sporozoites, Pb44 is found in patches. Pb44 is present in early exoerythrocytic liver stages of P. berghei but is present in early exoerythrocytic liver stages of P. berghei but becomes undetectable after 30 hr of intrahepatocytic development. It seems likely that Pb44 is a differentiation antigen associated with an unique function of the sporozoites, perhaps penetration in the target host cells. PMID- 6785358 TI - Factors influencing the fate of 111indium-labelled lymphocytes after transfer to syngeneic rats. AB - Thoracic duct lymphocytes were labelled in vitro with 111indium-oxine or 111indium-acetylacetone in order to follow their migration after i.v. injection into syngeneic rats. Under certain conditions both preparations produced results with quantitatively confirmed data obtained by other approaches to the physiological pattern of lymphocyte recirculation. However, three significant difficulties were identified: (1) chemical toxicity by minor contaminants of the preparation; (2) radiation damage indicated by a progressive impairment of the recovery of radioactivity from lymph nodes. A labelling concentration of 20 microCi/10(8) cells was the highest compatible with survival of most lymphocytes for 24 h in vivo as confirmed by autoradiography; (3) rapid loss of 111In in vivo found at labelling concentrations below 1 microCi/10(8) cells. By one week after the injection of lymphocytes labelled at 20 Micro/Ci/10(8) cells most of the 111In had been transferred from lymphocytes to non-recirculating radioresistant cells within the spleen and lymph nodes. PMID- 6785359 TI - Distribution of blood groups in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 6785360 TI - Intravesical thiotepa in prevention of recurrence of bladder tumour. PMID- 6785361 TI - A human dispermic chimaera first suspected from analyses of the blood group gene specified glycosyltransferases. AB - The red cells of a normal male blood donor, K.S., were first grouped as B but he was found to lack anti-A in his serum. Closer investigation revealed that his red cells had very weak A activity, demonstrable only by absorption and elution of anti-A. He is a non-secretor of ABH and a secretor of Lea. Blood group A-, B and H-gene specified glycosyltransferases were detected in his serum. In contrast to the finding of a B antigen of normal strength on his red cells, the B transferase in his serum was only about 30% of the normal level and, despite the very weak A activity of K.S's red cells, the A transferase level was about 50% of that found in the serum of group A individuals with normal strength of A antigen. Moreover, the A transferase on the basis of its pH optimum, Km values for donor and acceptor substrates, activation by divalent cations, isoelectric focusing profile and capacity to convert O to A-active cells, was characterized as the product of an A1 gene. A family study showed that K.S's wife is group A2 and that they have two sons, one group A2 and the other group B. The group B son is assumed to have inherited a B gene from the propositus but the level of B transferase in the son's serum is three times as high as that in his father's serum. The wife of the propositus and his group A2 son have normal A2 transferases in keeping with their A2 red cell status. The A2 son therefore appears to have inherited an A2 gene from his mother but neither the A1 nor the B gene shown to be carried by his father. The distribution of transferase activities in K.S's red cells differs from that in his serum. A level of B transferase within the normal range was found in his red cell membranes but a very low level of A transferase was detected. The discrepancies between the serum transferases and ABO red cell group, together with the pattern of inheritance within the family, led to a suspicion of chimaerism. This was confirmed by the finding of fibroblasts with the female 46XX karyotype in cultures of the propositus' skin. These results suggest that K.S. is a dispermic chimaera with two different cell lines of the genotypes BO and A1O or A1A1. The group A2 son is assumed to have inherited an O gene from his father. It seems probable that K.S.'s bone marrow and reproductive organs are comprised predominantly of the XY cell line which carried the blood group BO genotype whereas his skin and other tissues which contribute the A1 transferase to his plasma, are partly made up of the XX cell line which carries the blood group A1O or A1A1 genotype. PMID- 6785362 TI - Atypical pneumonia and the Armed Forces Epidemiological Board. PMID- 6785363 TI - Pathogenic mechanisms of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: observations on damage to human fallopian tubes in organ culture by gonococci of colony type 1 or type 4. AB - The relative virulence of isogenic clones of colony type 1 (T1) (piliated) and colony type 4 (T4) (nonpiliated) gonococci was assessed in organ cultures of human fallopian tubes. The rate of damage to fallopian tube mucosa was determined by measurements of ciliary activity and was correlated with the sequential pathologic events observed by light and electron microscopy. During the first 24 hr of the infection, T1 gonococci attached to and damaged the mucosa more rapidly than did T4 gonococci. This damage was manifested primarily by sloughing of ciliated cells. The observation that gonococci attached almost exclusively to nonciliated cells but damaged primarily ciliated cells suggested that this damage was mediated by one or more toxic factors. After attaching, gonococci entered the nonciliated mucosal cells, increased in numbers inside them, and then invaded the subepithelial tissues. Thus, attachment of gonococci to the fallopian tube mucosa may facilitate effective delivery of one or more gonococcal toxins to target cells in the mucosa and may initiate a process by which gonococci traverse the mucosal barrier. PMID- 6785364 TI - Studies of toxicity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for human fallopian tube mucosa. AB - Infection of human fallopian tubes in organ culture with Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes extensive damage of the mucosa. Filter-sterilized supernatant from gonococci-infected organ cultures produced similar damage in recipient uninfected organ cultures. This observation indicated the presence of one or more toxic factors. The toxic activity was unchanged after heating the supernatant to 85 C and was only partially diminished by dialysis. Toxic activity could not be detected in homogenates of uninfected organ cultures but was present in supernatants of gonococcal broth cultures. Toxic supernatants from organ cultures contained microgram quantities of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Amounts of this LPS and toxic activity for genital mucosa were both substantially reduced by absorption of the supernatant with limulus amoebocyte lysate. Thus, gonococcal LPS appears to be responsible for most of the toxicity of filter-sterilized supernatant from gonococci-infected human fallopian tubes in organ culture and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of gonococcal infection in vivo. PMID- 6785365 TI - Toxic activity of purified lipopolysaccharide of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for human fallopian tube mucosa. AB - An experimental model of human fallopian tubes in organ culture was used to examine the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to damage the fallopian tube mucosa. Gonococcal LPS was purified by hot phenol-water extraction and sequential ultracentrifugation. This LPS was highly lethal for lead-sensitized mice and at a concentration as low as 6 pg/ml reproducibly gelled limulus amoebocyte lysate. Gonococcal LPS damaged fallopian tube mucosa in concentrations as low as 0.015 microgram/ml, a values less than the LPS concentration in organ culture medium surrounding fallopian tube mucosa that was damaged by gonococcal infection. The toxic effect of LPS was neutralized by polymyxin B. Gonococci were shown to elaborate blebs of outer membrane material that is likely to contain LPS. These studies suggest that gonococci elaborate LPS containing material into their surrounding medium, that the LPS is capable of mediating damage to human fallopian tube mucosa, and that the production of mucosal damage requires the lipid A portion of the LPS molecule. PMID- 6785366 TI - Bacterial interference between Clostridium difficile and normal fecal flora. AB - Clostridium difficile has been shown to be the cause of virtually all cases of pseudomembranous colitis related to the administration of antimicrobial agents. It is possible that some antimicrobial agents alter the normal bacterial flora of the gastrointestinal tract so as to permit colonization and/or proliferation by C. difficile. The inhibitory activity of representative fecal bacteria from 23 anaerobic and aerobic genera against C. difficile was examined using two in vitro procedures. Strains of bacteria in six of the genera inhibited the multiplication of C. difficile, with Lactobacillus organisms and group D enterococci displaying the most antagonistic activity. C. difficile was examined for its ability to inhibit the multiplication of several fecal strains of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. All eight strains of C. difficile tested inhibited the growth of particular strains of bacteria in the genera Bacteroides, Peptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus. PMID- 6785367 TI - Frequency of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus parainfluenzae in children. AB - Ampicillin resistance has been described in Haemophilus species other than Haemophilus influenzae, but its frequency and significance are uncertain. In a throat-culture survey, beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus parainfluenzae was detected in 192 (72%) of 266 ambulatory children. Ampicillin-resistant H. parainfluenzae was more frequently found in children from three to four years of age (88%) or in those who attended day-care programs (97%) and less frequently in older children and parents (33%). Colonization was unrelated to previous exposure to antibiotics or to a history of otitis media. Colonization with ampicillin resistant H. parainfluenzae occurred in 88% of subjects with H. influenzae, including all of seven subjects carrying ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae. Colonization with beta-lactamase-producing H. parainfluenzae was 26 times more frequent than with H. influenzae. If the mechanisms and genetics of resistance are the same, H. parainfluenzae may prove to be a vector for spread of resistance genes of H. influenzae. PMID- 6785368 TI - Total parenteral nutrition: procedures and solutions. PMID- 6785369 TI - [Immunological approach to IgG (k) myeloma with anti-beta lipoprotein activity complicated with xahthoma disseminatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785370 TI - Plasma "prorenin"-renin in Bartter's syndrome, cystic fibrosis, and chloride deficiency, and the effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. AB - In Bartter's syndrome and in other states with ECFV contraction, very high active plasma renin (PRA greater than 78 ng/ml/hr) is associated with an essential absence of prorenin. In patients whose PRA is less than 50 ng/ml/hr, prorenin accumulates significantly. Patients with Bartter's syndrome treated with PG synthetase inhibitors for 1 week respond with a profound drop in renin, together with a rise in prorenin. Thus, in general, highest active renin values coexist with virtually no prorenin, moderately high renins with rising prorenin, and renins "blocked" by PG synthetase inhibitors with highest prorenin levels. Such a reciprocity between prorenin and renin suggests systemic conversion by means of a convertase mechanism apparently susceptible to PG synthetase inhibitors in vivo but not in vitro. It is also possible that these inhibitors suppress in vivo, but not in vitro, renal renin release more than prorenin release, so that the relative level of prorenin increases. This, coupled with decreased conversion to renin, may contribute to the observed elevation of prorenin. PMID- 6785371 TI - Immunochemical characterization of antibodies to factor VIII in hemophilic and nonhemophilic patients. AB - Plasma samples from eighteen patients (9 hemophilic, 9 nonhemophilic) with antibodies to Factor VIII were purified by protein A gel chromatography. This procedure separates the IgG3 from the IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses. The partially purified anti--Factor VIII fractions were typed for their heavy and light chain composition by immunoneutralization assay. Residual anti--Factor VIII activity was revealed by inhibition of fibrin formation in agarose gel plates. The combination of these two techniques permitted the study of a relatively large number of partially purified samples, at several dilutions of each, against each anti-heavy or anti-light chain antiserum obtained from various sources. A high degree of subclass and light chain restriction was found in the antibodies from the hemophilic patients, eight were predominantly of IgG4 kappa type, the ninth was IgG4 but of mixed light chains. In contrast, a heterogeneous distribution was found in the ten nonhemophilic patients: two IgG4 kappa, one IgG4 lambda, one IgG4 with both kappa and lambda, two a mixture of IgG1 and IgG4 with only kappa light chains, and three a mixture of IgG1 and IgG4 as well as both light chains. PMID- 6785372 TI - The basal levels of serum prolactin (PRL), luteinizine hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, thyroxine (T4), and cortisol in patients with pituitary mass: detection and evaluation. PMID- 6785373 TI - Improved enzymatic method for determining mannitol and its application to dog serum after mannitol infusion. AB - An enzymatic method for mannitol quantitation has been developed. Its application mannitol levels in serum samples from dogs after mannitol infusion is illustrated. The method is based on the spectrophotometric measurement of the initial rate of NADH formation in the reaction between mannitol and NAD catalyzed by mannitol dehydrogenase. A linear relationship between initial rates and mannitol concentration is seen between 17 mumol/l and 6.7 mmol/l mannitol. From the extent of dilution of the serum sample in the assay this corresponds to serum levels of 0.5 to 200 mmol/l. Because of the high degree of substrate specificity of mannitol dehydrogenase and the extensive dilution of the serum sample in the assay reaction mixture, serum proteins and glucose do not interfere with the reaction. As a result, pre-treatment of samples to remove glucose and deproteinization are necessary. PMID- 6785374 TI - In vitro capacitation and the chemically induced acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa. AB - The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA), calcium, and ionophore A23187 on in vitro capacitation and the induction of the acrosome reaction in bovine spermatozoa was examined using light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy and spectrofluorometry. Transmission electron microscopy of fixed spermatozoa labeled with the plant lectin concanavalin A indicated that a significant redistribution of lectin binding sites requires at least three hours of incubation in a capacitating medium that contains BSA and calcium. Spermatozoa underwent capacitation and the acrosome reaction following a minimum incubation time of 2- 3 hours in capacitating medium in the continuous presence of calcium ionophore A23187 (1--10 micrometer). The induction of the acrosome reaction was determined by light microscopy of fixed-stained cells as well as transmission electron microscopy. These data suggest that a minimum of 2--3 hours is required for in vitro capacitation of bovine spermatozoa. Capacitation was also examined using the tetracycline-HCl (T-HCl) binding assay of Ericsson ('67). Measurement of fluorescence by spectrofluorometry and by fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that the level of fluorescent T-HCl bound to spermatozoa was dependent upon the concentration of BSA, the presence of calcium, and time of incubation. However, the loss of bound T-HCl does not coincide with the development of the capacitated state determined by lectin binding and induction of the acrosome reaction. It is suggested that this loss of fluorescence may represent either a preliminary step in capacitation or result from nonspecific binding of fluorescent label to BSA. PMID- 6785375 TI - Glycogen metabolism in the developing accessory lobes of Lachi in the nerve cord of the chick: metabolic correlations with the avian glycogen body. AB - Glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and glucose-6-phosphatase were determined for the first time in the necessary lobes of Lachi from late embryonic chicks. The activities of these enzymes were compared with those found in other glycogen metabolizing tissues, specifically the glycogen body, liver, and skeletal muscle, obtained from the same embryos. The data show that, as in the glycogen body, the accessory lobes of Lachi lack glucose-6-phosphatase, but contain relatively high activity levels of glycogen synthase I, total and active glycogen phosphorylase, and the dehydrogenases of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate. The percent of glycogen synthase I activity in the Lachi lobes is from two- to 20-fold greater than observed in the glycogen body, liver, or muscle, whereas the percent of glycogen phosphorylase a activity is comparable to that of the liver, but greater than that in the glycogen body or muscle. The activity of each dehydrogenase of the pentose phosphate cycle in the Lachi lobes is similar to that noted in the glycogen body, but is over two- or fivefold greater than that activity found in muscle or liver. Our data, together with other recent evidence, suggest that the role of glycogen in these functionally enigmatic tissues may be to support the precocious process of myelin synthesis in the developing bird, as well as possibly to provide alternate sources of energy for the avian central nervous system. PMID- 6785376 TI - The effect of temperature on tyrosinase activity in Himalayan mouse skin. AB - The tyrosinase activity of Himalayan mouse skin homogenates was measured over a range of temperatures using two sensitive radiometric assay--namely, (1) the measurement of 14C-tyrosine incorporation into melanin, and (2) the measurement of 3HOH released as a by-product of 3H-tyrosine hydroxylation. Results show that Himalayan tyrosinase is maximally active at temperatures well below normal body temperature (15 degree C to 25 degree C). These results are in support of Danneel's visual observations ('41) that "ferment" activity of Himalayan rabbit skin is absent at temperatures above 25 degree C. Further results suggest the presence of a tyrosinase inhibitor in Himalayan mouse skin. First, removal of a low molecular weight fraction from Himalayan skin homogenates resulted in an increase in tyrosinase activity. Second, recombination of the low molecular weight fraction to the homogenate from which it was originally separated resulted in a decrease in tyrosinase activity when assayed at 37 degree C, but no decrease when assayed at 25 degree C. It is proposed that at the normal body temperature of 37 degree C, tyrosinase from Himalayan skin is strongly bound to an inhibitor. At lower body temperatures, the affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitor decreases, thus allowing the synthesis of melanin to increase. This change in affinity of the enzyme for the inhibitor could be regulated by temperature induced conformational changes in either the enzyme or the inhibitor or both. PMID- 6785377 TI - Co-synthesis of penicillin following treatment of mutants of Aspergillus nidulans impaired in antibiotic production with lytic enzymes. AB - Mycelia from four mutants of Aspergillus nidulans impaired in penicillin production at separate genetic loci were treated with an enzyme complex capable of lysine cell walls, then mixed in all possible paired combinations and grown in osmotically buffered penicillin production media, containing 2-deoxyglucose and an unrefined mixture of polyoxins to prevent cell wall regeneration. The culture filtrates were assayed after 6 d and significant penicillin yields were observed in four of the six possible combinations. None of these pairs produced penicillin when grown together as normal mycelium, suggesting that intermediates of the penicillin biosynthetic pathway unable to diffuse from untreated mycelium could do so from enzyme-treated mycelium when cell wall regeneration was inhibited. A general method is thus available for examining biochemical pathways with mutants accumulating intermediates unable to cross the cell wall barrier. PMID- 6785378 TI - Alginate synthesis in mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a chromosomal locus involved in control. AB - Mucoid variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in vitro or in vivo could be classified into two phenotypic groups based on whether alginate was produced on a chemically defined medium. Mucoid strains yielded lowe recombination frequencies than the non-mucoid parent when used as donors in FP2-mediated plate matings. The mucoid characteristic (muc) was co-inherited by a proportion of recombinants selected for the inheritance of chromosomal markers his-5075+ or cys-5605+. The results of further experiments using either a mucoid recipient or a mucoid donor carrying plasmid R68.45 suggested that the control of alginate production in P. aeruginosa involves at least one chromosomal locus. PMID- 6785379 TI - The isolation and characterization of a 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - An enzyme which oxidizes 1,2-propanediol in the presence of NAD+ has been purified from lysates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The enzyme was activated by monovalent cations, had a pH optimum between 9 and 10, and showed a substrate specificity unlike any known alcohol or glycerol dehydrogenase. The enzyme had an apparent Km of 17 mM for 1,2-propanediol and 0 . 37 mM for NAD+. When chromatographed on a Sephadex G-150 column, the enzyme eluted as a single peak in the molecular weight region of a bovine serum albumin marker. An antibody to the purified enzyme was prepared in goats. When antiserum was reacted with the enzyme in immunodiffusion experiments, a single precipitin band was detected. When the enzyme was mixed with an excess of antibody and then reacted with substrate, enzyme activity was completely inhibited. PMID- 6785380 TI - The occurrence of 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase in micro-organisms and its use as a possible diagnostic marker for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The cervical microbial flora of 25 females and stock cultures of various micro organisms which may be present in the human female cervix were examined using a fluorimetric assay for 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase. Results indicated that only members of the genera Neisseria and Acinetobacter possess appreciable activities of the enzyme, whose physiological function is not yet known. The activity of this enzyme in N. gonorrhoeae appeared to be significantly higher than the activities observed in mot of the other Neisseria species and in the Acinetobacter species. These results indicated that it may be possible to utilize this enzyme as a presumptive diagnostic marker for N. gonorrhoeae in cervical secretions. 1,2-Propanediol oxidoreductase may also be of taxonomic significance for the classification of various bacterial species. PMID- 6785381 TI - The influence of extracellular hydrogen on the metabolism of Bacteroides ruminicola, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Selenomonas ruminantium. AB - Strains of three anaerobic rumen bacteria, Bacteroides ruminicola, Anaerovibrio lipolytica and Selenomonas ruminantium, were able to use extracellular H2 to reduce fumarate to succinate. Each bacterium possessed membrane-bound hydrogenase and fumarate reductase activity. Membrane-bound cytochrome b was reducible by H2 and oxidizable by fumarate in each bacterium. The apparent Km values for hydrogen of the hydrogenases were 4 . 5 x 10(-6) M, 1 . 4 x 10(-5) M and 4 . 4 x 10(-5) M for B. ruminicola, A. lipolytica and S. ruminantium, respectively. The apparent Km values for fumarate of the fumarate reductases were approximately 1 . 0 x 10( 4) M for each bacterium. PMID- 6785382 TI - The sodium effect of Bacillus subtilis growth on aspartate. AB - aspH mutants of Bacillus subtilis have a constitutive aspartase activity and grow well on aspartate as sole carbon source. aspH aspT mutants, which are deficient in high affinity aspartate transport as a result of the aspT mutation, grow as well as aspH mutants in medium containing high concentrations of aspartate and Na+. This Na+ effect is not due to an enhancement of aspartate transport but is the result of increased cellular metabolism. The ability to grow rapidly in sodium aspartate is induced by prior growth in the presence of Na+. In potassium aspartate, the addition of arginine, citrulline, ornithine, delta 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylase or proline instead of Na+ also allows rapid growth; but in a mutant deficient in ornithine--oxo-acid aminotransferase, only pyrroline-carboxylate or proline can replace Na+. The amino acid pool of cells growing slowly in potassium aspartate contains proline at a low concentration which increases upon addition of proline (but not Na+) to the medium. Thus, Na+ addition does not increase the synthesis of proline, but proline or pyrroline-carboxylate acts similarly to Na+ either in preventing some inhibitory effect (by aspartate or the accumulating NH4+) or in overcoming some deficiency (e.g. in further proline metabolism. PMID- 6785383 TI - The degradation of polygalacturonic acid by rumen ciliate protozoa. AB - The depolymerase activity of cell-free extracts of nine species of rumen ciliate protozoa and two mixed protozoal preparations, grown in vivo and in vitro, towards polygalacturonic acid was examined. The highest activity was found with Eremoplastron bovis and Ostracodinium obtusum bilobum while there was none in the spined or spineless forms of Entodinium caudatum and little in Polyplastron multivesticulatum. On the basis of the rapid drop in viscosity, inhibition by EDTA and the production of u.v.-absorbing material, the enzymes from all active species were designated as endopectate lyases (EC4.2.2.2) although some polygalacturonase may be present. Neither pectin nor polygalacturonic acid supported the survival or growth of any of the protozoal species tested. PMID- 6785384 TI - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in an ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 originally isolated on the basis of its sensitivity to methyl methanesulphonate was found to be (i) sensitive to u.v.- and gamma-irradiation, (ii)deficient in recombination as assayed by transduction and conjugation and (iii) deficient in an ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease activity. Its marker (mms-13) is cotransducible with argB and pyrE which are mapped at approximately 22 min on the P. aeruginosa chromosome. PMID- 6785385 TI - Isolation and properties of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. AB - Four independent ace mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO lacking the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex have been isolated. They resembled ace mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium in requiring acetate as an essential supplement for aerobic growth on glucose, succinate or lactate and in their ability to utilize acetate as sole carbon and energy source. Assays for the individual components of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex indicated that they lacked the pyruvate dehydrogenase component (El) or the pyruvate dehydrogenase and dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase components (E1 and E2) but not the lipoamide dehydrogenase component (E3). Genetic studies with plasmid R68.45 mediated conjugation and phage F116L-mediated transduction indicated that the ace mutations are located at approximately 15 min in the P. aeruginosa PAO linkage map. PMID- 6785386 TI - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO Purification, properties and characterization of mutants. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was purified by affinity chromatography on ethanol-Sepharose 2B followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The overall purification was 130-fold based on enzyme activity. The purified complex contained three major and one minor polypeptide components when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These were identified by heat treatment, limited proteolysis and peptide mapping as pyruvate dehydrogenase (El; Mr 92500), acetyltransferases (E2; major component, Mr 76000, and minor component, Mr 77800) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3; Mr 58000). The purified complex had a sedimentation coefficient of 48S and the specific activity for the overall reaction of the complex was 6.5 micromol substrate transformed (mg protein)-1 min-1 at the optimum pH (7.8) and 25 degrees C. The lesions in four ace mutants lacking overall pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity were identified after partial purification of the corresponding cell-free extracts. Three strains, designated ace A mutants, lacked pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (E1 component) and one strain, and ace B mutant, lacked the activity of the acetyltransferase (E2 component). PMID- 6785387 TI - Evolution in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - The relationships among 93 strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens were investigated by (1) a numerical taxonomic analysis on the results of 150 phenotypic tests, (2) DNA hybridization studies using 16 reference strains, (3) quantitative microcomplement fixation studies using six reference strains with antibodies directed against the protein azurin. In general, the strains fell into distinct clusters. Assignment to these clusters on the basis of azurin immunological similarity showed 98% agreement with assignment based on DNA homology, suggesting that many genes will follow the same pattern. Of the strains that clustered on the basis of genotype (DNA, azurin) 88% also clustered on the basis of phenotype. The occasional noncongruency observed between the genotypic and phenotypic data may be due to the variable rates of phenotypic evolution. These results provide a perspective on the roles of horizontal and vertical transfer of genes in the evolution of this bacterial group. PMID- 6785388 TI - Comparison of the antibacterial activity of the hypothiocyanite anion towards Streptococcus lactis and Escherichia coli. AB - It has been suggested that the antibacterial activity of the lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide system is due to the hypothiocyanite anion. Relatively pure solutions of hypothiocyanite can be prepared using an immobilized enzyme. These preparations have been used to examine the effect of the anion on the growth and on the membranes of Escherichia coli and Streptococcus lactis. Escherichia coli is killed in the presence of the anion whereas the effect on Streptococcus lactis is only bacteriostatic. As similar effects have been noted with the lactoperoxidase/thiocyanate/hydrogen peroxide system the hypothesis that the action of the two systems is similar is supported. PMID- 6785389 TI - Intranuclear virus-like particles in a case of sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - A case of acute hepatitis type non-A, non-B in a 20-year-old woman is reported. Virus-like particles with a size of about 27 nm in diameter could be identified by electron microscopy in numerous hepatocellular nuclei. They are thought to represent one candidate for the intranuclear form of a non-A, non-B hepatitis virus. PMID- 6785390 TI - Oyster-associated gastroenteritis in Australia: the detection of Norwalk virus and its antibody by immune electron microscopy and radioimmunoassay. AB - Following widespread outbreaks of oyster-associated gastroenteritis in Australia during 1978 in which Norwalk virus was implicated as the causative agent, collaborative studies were undertaken between laboratories in Australia and the United States to confirm the etiology. Immune electron microscopy (IEM) techniques were used in Australia and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods in the United States. Norwalk virus was detected by IEM in seven of 15 faecal samples, and four were positive by RIA. A much better correlation was found with antibody determinations. Both methods demonstrated significant increases in antibody to Norwalk virus in 22 of 30 sets (73%) of "acute" and "convalescent" sera, confirming that Norwalk virus was responsible for the majority of cases. It is significant that the RIA serology was determined using Norwalk antigen originating in the United States and the IEM serology was determined using 27--30 nm particles originating in Australia. PMID- 6785391 TI - Prevalence of Williams e1 antigen in comparison with e2 antigen in hepatitis B antigen carriers and patients in hemodialysis unit. AB - The prevalence of both e1 and e2 antigens in 1,158 sera of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, carriers in hemodialysis units, and HBsAg-negative blood donors was examined. The detection rate of e1 antigen was as high as 80% in asymptomatic carriers, 95% in hemodialysis patients, and even 13.1% in HBsAg-negative donors. All of the e1 antigen-positive specimens in such HBsAg-negative sera were found to have both or either anti-HBs and anti-HBc, suggesting the past history of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of the donors. In the HBsAg-positive serum, the detection rate of e2 antigen (17%) was lower than that of e1 (80%), and all sera having e2 antigen were positive for e1 antigen. The titers of HBsAg, HBcAg, and anti-HBc in e2 antigen-positive sera were higher than that of sera detecting only e1 antigen. The appearance of e1 antigen and e2 antigen in the course of post transfusion hepatitis B was studied with five cases. Retrospective study showed that three of them each received one unit of HBsAg-positive blood, and the other two received HBsAg-negative blood but with high-titered anti-HBc. In four cases out of five, in which e2 antigen was detected during the course of infection, the initial detection of e2 antigen occurred at or just before the elevation of liver enzyme levels. On the other hand, e1 antigen was detected relatively early after transfusion, and the time of onset. Moreover, the detection period of e1 antigen persisted longer, even after the disappearance of HBsAg antigenemia. These two separate studies suggest that not only e2 antigen but also e1 antigen are associated with the infection of HBV, but they are distinct from each other; the e2 antigen may have the properties of a signal of the viral activity in the patient as suggested by many others, but e1 antigen does not seem to bear such diagnostic values. PMID- 6785392 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients receiving blood products. AB - A group of patients all regularly receiving blood products for a congenital bleeding disorder were investigated for evidence of past infection with hepatitis A and B, and compared with a control group. There was a significantly higher percentage of the test group who had markers of infection with these viruses, and 15 patients had symptoms of hepatitis during the study. The greater number of the test group showing evidence of past hepatitis A infection can only really be explained by acquiring antibody from blood products, especially since none of our patients with hepatitis had hepatitis A and there is evidence that this is not an infection associated with blood products. We conclude that the majority of patients in our study showing symptoms of hepatitis had non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6785393 TI - Non-A/non-B hepatitis in experimentally infected chimpanzees: cross-challenge and electron microscopic studies. AB - Inoculation of eight chimpanzees with factor VIII, factor IX, or "H" strain plasma resulted in enzymatic and histopathologic evidence of non-A/non-B hepatitis in all eight animals. Challenge of two chimpanzees convalescent from factor VIII-induced disease with either factor IX or "H" strain plasma resulted in non-A/non-B hepatitis only in the animal inoculated with factor IX materials. Reciprocal cross-challenge of a chimpanzee convalescent from factor IX-induced disease with factor VIII also produced unequivocal enzymatic and histopathologic evidence of non-A/non-B hepatitis. Cross-challenge of a chimpanzee convalescent from "H" strain-induced non-A/non-B hepatitis with factor VII did not cause a second bout of non-A/non-B hepatitis. These findings suggest the factor VIII materials and "H" strain plasma used in these studies share a common etiologic agent (or agents), but that factor VIII and factor IX may contain two distinct agents. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of thin-sectioned, acute-phase liver biopsies from all but one of the chimpanzees receiving the primary inocula revealed the presence of abnormal hepatocyte cytoplasmic structures previously shown to be associated with non-A/non-B hepatitis. Crystalline structure containing 25 to 30 nm particles were visualized by EM in the cytoplasm of endothelial or Kupffer cells in acute-phase liver biopsies obtained from three chimpanzees inoculated with either factor VIII materials or "H" strain plasma. PMID- 6785394 TI - Chronic hypothermia following tuberculous meningitis. AB - A patient who developed chronic hypothermia following tuberculous meningitis is described. A central defect of thermoregulation was discovered, probably due to a discrete vascular lesion in the anterior hypothalmus. PMID- 6785395 TI - Pharmacophysiological study on muscle treated with calcium ionophore A23187. AB - Muscle treated with A23187, which raises intracellular free Ca2+ concentration, was studied to elucidate effects on membrane properties. The mean resting membrane potential was reduced; it was normally depolarized by ouabain but not significantly hyperpolarized by epinephrine and insulin. In the presence of ouabain, membrane depolarization was not provoked by insulin. The results imply a defect of active Na+-transport of the membrane after exposure to a calcium ionophore. PMID- 6785396 TI - GABA conductance of chick spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion neurons in cell culture. PMID- 6785397 TI - Abnormalities of the intracerebral vasculature in a case of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6785398 TI - Influence of changes in arterial pCO2 on cerebral blood flow and metabolism during high-dose barbiturate therapy in dogs. AB - In 13 dogs the response of the cerebral circulation to changes in PaCO2 ranging from 20 to 60 torr was studied before and after administration of high doses of sodium thiopental. Infusion of sufficient barbiturate to produce 30- to 60-second burst suppression in the electroencephalogram was associated with a profound degree of cerebral vasoconstriction, equivalent to that produced by hypocapnia with PaCO2 = 20 torr. Furthermore, once sodium thiopental was administered, no significant difference in cerebral blood flow (CBF) or vascular resistance (CVR) was noted between PaCO2 of 30 and 20 torr. However, changes of approximately 15% in CBF and 30% in CVR were noted between PaCO2 at 40 and 20 torr. These data suggest that hyperventilation of PaCO2 of less than 30 torr may not effectively increase the degree of cerebral vasoconstriction in these circumstances. PMID- 6785399 TI - Measurement of 24-hour whole-body retention of Tc-99m HEDP by a gamma camera. AB - Measurement of 24-hr whole-body retention of Tc-99m HEDP, using a shadow-shield, whole-body monitor, has been shown to be a sensitive measure of skeletal metabolism and of value in the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. A new method of measuring the retention using a gamma camera, with a scanning (fishtail) collimator and patient placed at 2.,3 m distance, has been evaluated in 18 patients undergoing routine bone scans. The patients also had whole-body monitor (WBM), and the two methods correlated well, yielding a regression line GC% = 0.82 + 0.98 WBM%, r = 0.975, p less than 0.001. The limitations to, and repeatability of, the gamma-camera measurements are discussed. This work shows that measurements of whole-body retention can be obtained in any nuclear medicine department possessing a gamma camera with a suitable collimator. PMID- 6785400 TI - Effects of vitamin A deficiency on thyroid function and serum thyroxine levels in the rat. AB - The effects of vitamin A deficiency, which results in a substantial decrease in the level of serum retinol binding protein, on the existent state of serum thyroxine and thyroid function were examined. In the vitamin A-deficient rats, the thyroid weight increased and the level of serum thyroxine decreased to one half that of the control rats. Normal thyroid weight and serum thyroxine levels were recovered by the replenishment of retinyl palmitate in the vitamin A deficient rats. In addition, decreased hormone synthesis was observed in the thyroid glands of the vitamin A-deficient rats. The determination of thyroxine distribution in rat serum proteins in vivo showed that thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) is a major thyroxine transport protein in the control rats, whereas in the deficient rats the amount of thyroxine bound to TBPA decreased and the thyroxine bound to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) increased significantly as compared with observations in control rats. These findings suggest that the existent state of serum thyroxine and thyroid function is affected by the serum level of vitamin A. PMID- 6785401 TI - Epithelial cell kinetics--A review of methods of study and their application to oral mucosa in health and disease. Part A. Methods for studying cell proliferation and some sources of variation. AB - Despite extensive investigation of cell kinetic parameters in wide range of normal and abnormal tissues and their potential value in understanding the pathogenesis of many disease states, as well as in prognosis and treatment planning, their application to oral epithelia remains limited. In part A the methods most commonly applied to the study of epithelial cell kinetics, i.e., isotope labelling, mitotic arrest and flow cytophotorimetry are reviewed with special emphasis on their technical limitations, sources of variation and inapplicability to humans in vivo. The ability of in vitro methods to reliably reproduce in vivo cell kinetic parameters is also considered. The application of cell kinetic studies to normal and abnormal oral tissues will be discussed in part B. PMID- 6785402 TI - Histiocytosis X: a clinical presentation. AB - A 56-year-old male complained of chronic oral ulcers. Initial workup revealed diffuse alveolar bone destruction and other systemic disturbances including diabetes insipidus. Biopsy suggested histiocytosis X and further tests verified the diagnosis. A clinical differential diagnosis is developed, follow-up is presented and the entities comprising histiocytosis X are discussed. PMID- 6785403 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the parotid gland: an intraoral presentation with widespread metastases. AB - A case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma originating in the parotid gland but manifesting itself intraorally with widespread metastases is presented. A description of the nature of the tumor, the histologic patterns, clinical staging and treatment is discussed. A possible source of diagnostic errors that can be made when tissue sampling is limited and not truly representative is presented. PMID- 6785404 TI - The response of four calcium hydroxides on monkey pulps. AB - Dentinal bridge formation and pulpal responses of four calcium hydroxide materials, pulp capping medicaments, MPC, Experimental MPC-12, Dycal and Pulpdent, were evaluated in primary and permanent monkey teeth. A total of 60 primary and 60 permanent teeth were used with each material placed in a Class V cavity exposure in Rhesus monkey teeth. The materials were placed on the exposed pulp tissue and were histologically evaluated at 3 days, 5 weeks and 8 weeks. After perfusion the teeth were processed using routine histological procedures. The 3-day pulpal responses in both primary and permanent teeth were moderate, characterized by disruption of the pulpal tissue directly beneath the exposure site and a zone of acute inflammation and hemorrhage in the underlying pulp. The 5-week response showed histological differences between the four medicaments, with Dycal producing the least amount of pulpal irritation with reparative dentin bridges occurring in 50% of the permanent teeth. Experimental MPC-12 stimulated one reparative dentin bridge, while Pulpdent and MPC showed no evidence of bridge formation. Pulpal responses to Dycal were moderate and moderate to severe for the other calcium hydroxide compounds. No reparative dentin bridges were seen in the primary teeth at 5 weeks with any of the materials, and the pulpal responses were of a moderate degree at that time. Eight-week responses were similar to the 5 week responses Dycal provoked a slight to moderate pulpal response with 50% success at bridging. Experimental MPC-12 initiated pulpal responses in the moderate to severe range with some bridging evident. Pulpdent incited moderate to severe histological responses with three teeth demonstrating bridge formation, and MPC provoked severe pulpal responses with no bridging. Primary teeth showed some bridging for all compounds except those treated with MPC, in which no evidence of bridging occurred, and moderate to severe pulpal responses were present. PMID- 6785405 TI - Zinc and growth in patients with sickle cell disease. PMID- 6785406 TI - Immune response to meningococcal vaccines. PMID- 6785407 TI - Decreased tissue carnitine concentrations in newborn infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6785408 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of several nitroimidazoles for experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections in mice. PMID- 6785409 TI - Uremic catabolism in a neonate: reversal by parenteral nutrition. AB - Parenteral nutrition (PN), applied in the management of a neonate with severe obstructive uropathy, corrected hyperkalemia and metabolic acidosis within a few days. During the PN lasting for 45 days the renal function improved considerably, as judged on the basis of the serum urea nitrogen concentration and creatinine clearance. The pattern of weight gain of the patient resembled that of catch-up growth. Positive metabolic balances were recorded for nitrogen, potassium calcium, and magnesium during the PN. The eight essential amino acids plus histidine were used as nitrogen source, supplemented periodically with L-alanine. An addition to the amino acids of L-arginine brought the serum aminogram round to a more normal one but did not have any measurable effect on the retention of nitrogen. In certain selected cases PN may thus be used as an adjunct in the management of chronic renal insufficiency even in infancy. PMID- 6785410 TI - IgG and IgG subclasses in human periodontosis (juvenile periodontitis). Serum concentrations. PMID- 6785411 TI - Time course and disposition of methazolamide in human plasma and red blood cells. AB - Methazolamide was determined in plasma, whole blood, and urine by a GLC-mass spectrometric method. Temporal patterns of methazolamide concentrations in plasma and red blood cells were obtained following single- and multiple-dose oral administration of the drug. The nonlinearity in the binding of the drug to the red blood cell carbonic anhydrase was evident from a comparison of plasma and red blood cells concentrations. The drug was cleared slowly from the red blood cells. The binding constants to the two isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase were determined from the plasma and red blood cell concentrations and were in agreement with those determined by previous measurements. The half-life of elimination was 7.5 hr. The urinary recovery of unchanged drug was approximately 25% of the administered dose. PMID- 6785412 TI - Preparation of hemolysate-loaded poly(N alpha, N epsilon-L lysinediylterephthaloyl) nanocapsules. AB - Poly(N alpha, N epsilon-L-lysinediylterephthaloyl) capsules containing hemolysate were prepared in the nanometer range by an interfacial polymerization technique using electrocapillary emulsification to obtain very fine hemolysate droplets for encapsulation. The effects of temperature, emulsifier concentration, and the applied potential on the size distribution of the polyamide capsules were investigated. The polyamide capsules prepared under proper conditions have an average diameter of approximately 500 nm. PMID- 6785413 TI - Effect of chloroacetyl derivatives of para-substituted phenylalanines on microbial antitumor prescreens. AB - The chloroacetyl derivatives of four representative para-substituted phenylalanines, N-chloroacetyl-p-chloro-DL-phenylalanine, N-chloroacetyl-p-nitro DL-phenylalanine, Na,Np-di(chloroacetyl)-p-amino-DL-phenylalanine, and N chloroacetyl-O-methyl-methyl-L-tyrosine, were prepared and tested for growth inhibitory activity in Lactobacillus casei. The inhibition with these compounds approximated that of most other inhibitory chloroacetyl amino acids reported previously. However, N-chloroacetyl-p-chloro-DL-phenylalanine, the most active of these compounds, exhibited an activity approximately that of N-chloroacetyl-beta hydroxy-D-norleucine B, the most active N-chloroacetyl derivative studied thus far. In view of this finding, the N-chloroacetyl derivatives of other para halogenated phenylalanines were prepared and tested. The inhibitory capacity of the N-chloroacetyl derivatives of p-bromo- and p-iodophenylalanine was even greater than that of p-chlorophenylalanine, and the order of activity of these compounds increased from the chloroacetyl derivative of p-chloro- to that of p bromo- to that of p-iodo-DL-phenylalanine. The activity of N-chloroacetyl-p-bromo and N-chloroacetyl-p-iodo-DL-phenylalanine was a great as that of the ring substituted N-benzoylphenylalanines, the most potent N-acyl derivatives observed. PMID- 6785414 TI - Sensitivity to halothane of the sodium efflux in single barnacle muscle fibers. PMID- 6785415 TI - Theophylline effect upon respiration and ventilation in the dog: interaction with methadone. PMID- 6785416 TI - Sodium valproate enhancement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition: electrophysiological evidence for anticonvulsant activity. AB - The purpose of this study was to gain further insight into the mechanism of action of the anticonvulsant sodium valproate. The effects of valproate on spontaneous neuronal activity and its interaction with locally applied gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) were assessed in the rat cerebral cortex. Extracellular neuronal potentials were recorded using standard procedures. Valproate, glycine, GABA and bicuculline methiodide were applied through microiontophoresis. Valproate at 30, 50, and 100 nA did not affect the spontaneous activity of the majority of cells (21), increased the firing rate in four and slowed right cells. When applied simultaneously with GABA, valproate significantly enhanced GABA inhibition in a dose-related manner. Bicuculline methiodide antagonized the combined effects of valproate and GABA. Glycine inhibitions were not significantly enhanced by valproate. Our results indicate that valproate enhances GABA inhibition in the cerebral cortex, an action which is independent of its effect on spontaneous activity. The specificity of valproate for GABA suggests that this interaction may be an important mechanism through which valproate exerts its anticonvulsant properties. PMID- 6785417 TI - The direct myocardial energetic response to nitroglycerin in the rabbit heart. AB - The coronary resistance, total heat production, oxygen consumption and isovolumic mechanical performance were measured simultaneously in the isolated beating rabbit heart. The direct effects of nitroglycerin (0.12 mg/l) were determined. The expected coronary dilatation occurred; coronary resistance fell by 21.5% independent of mechanical performance. There was a 14% fall in mechanical performance at the apex of the Frank-Starling curve and lesser reductions at less than-apical diastolic volumes. Oxidative metabolism was not affected; there was no change in the calorific equivalent of oxygen (20.97 mJ/mul:O2) nor was there any significant anerobic metabolism. The ergonic cost of the force-independent metabolism which includes calcium activation energy was reduced by 17.7%. The unit metabolic cost of mechanical performance, or the performance-dependent metabolism, was unchanged resulting in a net increase in overall mechanical economy. It is concluded that it is against a background of a more metabolically efficient but less mechanically active myocardium that nitroglycerin exhibits its well known peripheral and reflex in the intact organism. PMID- 6785418 TI - The response and sensitivity to histamine of respiratory tissues from normal and ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs: effects of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition. PMID- 6785419 TI - Radioimmunoassay and pharmacokinetic profile of bupropion in the dog. AB - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure for the quantification of bupropion (dl-2-tert butylamino-3'-chloropropiophenone) in biological fluids is described. Immunization of rabbits with conjugates of bovine serum albumin and p-succinoyl propylbupropion or p-carbomethoxybupropion resulted in the production of antisera which are capable of detecting less than 1 ng ml-1 (100 pg actual mass) of bupropion in the RIA, utilizing [6-3H] bupropion as radioligand. The antisera used in these studies have low cross-reaction (approximately 0.1% or less) with known side chain metabolites of bupropion, but exhibit significant cross-reaction with p-hydroxybupropion (30.3%). Excellent agreement was obtained between RIA and high-pressure liquid chromatography determinations of bupropion concentrations in human plasma samples, but plasma or serum from bupropion-treated dogs, rats and mice required extraction from basic medium to remove some interference before RIA. The assay was applied to a study of bupropion disposition in two beagles of each sex after i.v. and p.o. administrations of bupropion hydrochloride (100 mg). The pharmacokinetic profile in dogs was best described by an open two-compartment model after either route of drug administration. Peak plasma bupropion levels after oral dosing were highly variable, ranging from 12.9 to 63.5 ng ml-1 at 26 to 32 min after drug administration. The mean terminal phase half-life of bupropion was calculated to be 1.73 hr after either route and the absolute oral bioavailability of the drug varied from 2.0 to 6.5%. PMID- 6785420 TI - Conjugation of p-nitrophenol in the perfused rat liver: the effect of substrate concentration and carbohydrate reserves. PMID- 6785421 TI - Different pathways for lysine transport across neonatal pig intestine. AB - 1. Undirectional fluxes of lysine, presented free and in the form of a dipeptide, have been measured in vitro using the small intestines of pigs taken during the first 2 weeks of post-natal life. 2. The concentration dependence of free lysine transfer to the serosal surface of new-born pig intestine (Jms) can be described as the sum of a saturable (Km 0.2 mM; Jm 3 n- mole cm-2 in-1) and a non-saturable (1.0 n-mole cm-2 min-1 mM-1) component. 3. The dipeptide isoleucyl-lysine was hydrolysed completely during transfer to the serosal surface of intestines taken at all stages of development. The concentration dependence of peptide-derived lysine transfer can be described as if it took place through a single saturable process (Km 5 mM; Jm 27 n-mole cm-2 min-1). 4. The mucosa to serosa transfer of free lysine fell to a half and that of peptide-derived lysine fell to a quarter, during the first 8 days of post-natal life. The decline in peptide-derived lysine transport correlated with changes in peptide hydrolase activity, measured in homogenates of intestinal mucosa using isoleucyl-lysine as substrate. 5. The new born pig intestine transported lysine derived from isoleucyl-lysine twice as quickly as from lysyl-isoleucine. Lysine and isoleucine did not inhibit the transfer of isoleucine and lysine derived from isoleucyl-lysine. The transport of lysine, but not isoleucine, from isoleucyl-lysine took place more quickly than from equimolar solutions of the free amino acids. 6. It is suggested from these results that lysine and isoleucyl-lysine use different pathways when crossing the intestinal mucosa. Attempts are made to assess the probable contributions made by these pathways to the total absorption of lysine taking place during neonatal development. PMID- 6785422 TI - Effects of vanadate on the functional properties of the isolated toad bladder. AB - 1. Vanadate, considered by some as a candidate for physiological modulation of Na pumping activity, was studied in the isolated toad urinary bladder. It produced a decrease in Na transport activity that was reversible and could be partially antagonized by pretreatment with a disulphonic distilbene derivative, SITS. This suggests an intracytoplasmic site of action for vanadate. Other transition metal salts, prepared from Ta and Nb, produced instead a transient rise in Na transport and this was unaffected by SITS. 2. Comparison between ouabain and vanadate showed clear-cut differences: inhibition of Na transport by the former, not the latter, was partially overcome by increasing of Na transport by the former, not the latter, was partially overcome by increasing cell Na or serosal K. Unexpectedly intracellular K did not decrease appreciably following vanadate treatment, in contrast to what occurs when ouabain was used instead. 3. Vasopressin-induced hydro-osmotic flow was irreversibly inhibited by vanadate but not by ouabain; pretreatment with SITS attenuated this effect. Moreover, vanadate blocked urinary acidification in this epithelium, thus supporting the hypothesis that proton flow occurs through an enzyme distinct from the mitochondrial ATPase, insensitive to vanadate. PMID- 6785424 TI - Voltage-dependent potentiation of the slow inward current in frog atrium. AB - 1. Slow inward currents, isi, were measured using a double sucrose-gap voltage clamp technique during experiments involving different depolarization protocols. 2. Following short rest periods, repetitive stimulation gave rise to slow inward currents which changed progressively in a voltage-dependent manner. Small voltage depolarizations gave rise to initial small decreases in current (negative 'staircase'). The current usually then showed a secondary increase but still remained, in most cases, below the control amplitude. Larger depolarizations produced increasingly larger and more rapidly rising positive current 'staircases'. 3. The amount of increase in current magnitude during repetitive depolarization was more strongly dependent on the size of the voltage step than on the amplitude of the initial current. 4. Twin-pulse experiments having a fixed interval between pulses (usually 1.0 sec), showed that 'test' pulses produced more slow inward current than preceding 'conditioning' depolarizations. The augmentation was larger following conditioning pulses of longer duration. Current augmentation was larger during 'staircase' obtained with longer pulses. 5. Following constant duration 'conditioning' depolarizations, varying the interpulse interval showed that the slow inward current flowing during the 'test' pulse could be augmented following intervals of as long as 6-8 sec. 6. Small pre pulses also augmented the slow inward currents obtained in response to 'tet' pulses. 7. Experiments in calcium-free solutions (with EGTA) showed qualitatively similar 'staircase' effects and current augmentation following preceding depolarizations. 8. Experiments in which sodium was replaced by lithium gave rise to larger slow inward currents. The 'staircase' for such currents developed in a similar manner to that seen under control conditions. 9. It is concluded that slow inward current augmentation is produced by membrane depolarization in a fashion which is at least partially independent of calcium or sodium ion influx. PMID- 6785425 TI - [The basal ganglia: anatomical and electrophysiological aspects]. PMID- 6785423 TI - The calcium and frequency dependence of the slow inward current 'staircase' in frog atrium. AB - 1. Changes in the magnitude of the slow inward current in the frog atrium were monitored at different stimulation frequencies, using a double sucrose-gap technique. 2. After short rest periods (1.5-3.0 min), repetitive clamp depolarizations applied at frequencies ranging from 0.33 to 1 Hz (20-60/min) resulted in a progressive increase in the slow inward current towards a new level. Action-potential amplitudes and plateau levels usually showed similar increases under these conditions. 3. Changes in the magnitude of the slow inward current were also found when the frequency was changed during constant stimulation. 4. Replacement of calcium ions by strontium or barium ions led to an augmentation or reduction, respectively, of the 'staircase' effect, relative to the effect in calcium-containing solutions. Barium ions were found to greatly increase the slow inward channel 'recovery' time. 5. The results suggest that calcium influx into amphibian atrial fibres contributes to the regulation of the slow inward conductance mechanism. Progressively increasing currents may underlie positive tension staircases. PMID- 6785427 TI - Immunodiagnosis of Ecchinococcus granulosus infestation. PMID- 6785426 TI - [Dopaminergic A10 neurons and frontal system (author's transl)]. AB - Lesions in the rat of the ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (vmt) which contains the A10 dopaminergic (DA) cell bodies, have a wide range of effects on behaviour. The principal characteristic of such lesioned animals is a locomotor hyperactivity and a disinhibition of behavioural supression with serious consequences for behaviour fundamental to the survival of the individual and the species. 1 Initially, we felt that an anatomical study of the region could provide a basis for explaining the vmt syndrome. We decided, therefore, to use several anatomical techniques, such as silver staining, anterograde tracing using autoradiography, and retrograde tracing with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). These studies have led to the following conclusions: (1) The vmt neurones are an important interface between anterior limbic structures and posterior limbic and reticular regions. (2) vmt neurones have specific anatomical relations with the frontal system, i.e., the prefrontal cortex and the anterior striatum. 2 Secondly, we wondered if such anatomical connections were the basis for functional relationships. We have therefore studied animals in a delayed alternation task, which is a sensitive and selective test of damage to the frontal system. Rats with electrolytic or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the DA cells in the vmt show large deficits in delayed alternation tasks. 6-OHDA lesions of the DA A10 terminals in the prefrontal cortex, the anterior striatum or the nucleus accumbens lead to similar behavioural deficits. Moreover, the specificity of such deficits has been shown in a runway test and a visual discrimination task. 3 On the basis of these results, we put forward the hypothesis that the A10 DA neurones play a role in the integration of information from internal and external stimuli which are relayed to the prefrontal system. From this viewpoint, a deficit in selective attention lies at the heart of the different forms of the vmt syndrome. PMID- 6785428 TI - Effect of oestrogen and an LH-RH agonist on the release of gonadotrophins in ovariectomized ewes deprived of LH-RH. AB - Endogenous LH-RH in ewes was inhibited by active immunization or by injection of LH-RH antiserum. Plasma levels of LH and FSH were elevated in 3 ovariectomized control ewes but low in 3 LH-RH immunized ovariectomized ewes. Oestradiol benzoate (50 microgram i.m.) caused a marked rise in LH concentrations in control ewes but not in the immunized ewes. In the immunized ewes the low plasma levels of FSH decreased even further 8-36 h after injection of oestrogen, indicating a direct inhibitory action of the steroid on the pituitary. Both groups responded to the oestrogen injection by a rise in plasma levels of prolactin and by exhibiting normal oestrous behaviour. When the control ewes were again challenged with oestradiol benzoate and, after 10 h, given an i.v. injection of 75 ml antiserum to LH-RH, the LH surge was abolished in one animal and reduced in another. These experiments indicate that the continued presence of LH-RH is necessary for the occurrence of the oestrogen-induced LH surge in the ewe. Administration of a stimulatory analogue of LH-RH released LH and FSH in control and immunized ewes but the responsiveness to further injections at intervals of 3 h decreased, particularly for FSH. PMID- 6785429 TI - Hormonal and follicular relationships in ewes of high and low ovulation rates. AB - Total follicular populations and peripheral plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin, oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone during the preceding cycle were studied in two breeds of sheep (Romanov and Ile-de-France) which differed widely in their ovulation rates (3.2 and 1.5 respectively). No LH parameters could be correlated with the follicular details measured. The second peak of FSH occurring 20-30 h after the preovulatory surge of LH was significantly larger in the Romanov ewes and the area under this peak was correlated (P less than 0.01) with the number of antral follicles present in the ovary 17 days later. This suggests that formation of the antrum during the follicular growth phase is under the control of FSH. The discharge of prolactin preceding the LH peak, although not significantly different between breeds, was correlated with several of the follicular classes measured, including the number of preantral follicles. The peak value of oestradiol-17 beta measured before the LH peak was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the Romanov ewes and was correlated with the number of the largest follicles present. There was no significant difference between breeds in the concentration of oestradiol at the onset of oestrus. The progesterone concentration during the luteal phase was highly correlated with the number of preovulatory follicles. PMID- 6785430 TI - Increased testicular growth of Tasmanian Merino ram lambs treated with antisera to oestrogens. AB - Passive immunization against oestrone and oestradiol increased the rate of testicular growth (P less than 0.01) without a statistically significant change in the concentrations of LH and FSH at the time of measurement. Although the concentration of testosterone was higher in the group with the largest testes, the difference was not statistically significant. Within groups, the concentration of FSH was correlated with the oestrone antibody titre (r = 0.5), suggesting that oestrone may have a particular role to play in the feedback control of FSH release in the ram; in addition, the concentration of testosterone was correlated with that of LH (r = 0.65). The data indicate a role of oestrogens in the control of testicular growth and are compatible with earlier reports that the testes of Merino lambs grow more quickly when gonadal feedback is reduced. PMID- 6785431 TI - Serum prolactin concentrations in mangabey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus) and patas (Erythrocebus patas) monkeys in response to stress, ketamine, TRH, sulpiride and levodopa. AB - An homologous radioimmunoassay for human serum prolactin was validated to measure serum prolactin in 10 mangabey and 7 patas monkeys. Mean basal levels of serum prolactin were almost identical in the males of both species and in immature and mature males. However, basal levels were higher in females than in males. Serum prolactin was enhanced by stress, i.v. injection of TRH and intramuscular injection of a potent dopamine antagonist (sulpiride). The rise in serum prolactin observed after i.m. injection of ketamine hydrochloride used as anaesthetic was of small amplitude and short duration. Oral administration of levodopa was followed by a significant fall in serum prolactin. Sexual maturity did not influence the responses to TRH or sulpiride. The mangabeys were more sensitive to sulpiride but less sensitive to levodopa than were the patas monkeys. The variations in serum prolactin levels observed in these monkeys under the influence of stress, TRH, sulpiride and levodopa are similar to those observed in man to the same stimuli, although the experimental conditions were quite different. PMID- 6785432 TI - Pituitary function during pseudopregnancy and lactation in the rat. AB - Plasma concentrations of FSH on Days 1, 2, 3, 8 and 9 of lactation (day of parturition = Day 0) were significantly higher than on the corresponding day of pseudopregnancy (day of vaginal plug = Day 1). Pituitary FSH content on Days 4-12 of lactation was also significantly higher than in pseudopregnant rats. However, pituitary LH content on Days 2-12 of lactation was significantly lower than in pseudopregnancy, whereas plasma concentrations of LH were almost similar. Two consecutive injections of LH-RH (100 ng/rat, i.v.), 60 min apart, resulted in a significant release of FSH in lactating rats (Days 3 and 15) in response to the second injection of LH-RH, but there was no increase in pseudopregnant rats on Day 3. The first and second injections of LH-RH produced significantly less release of LH on Days 3 and 15 of lactation than on Day 3 of pseudopregnancy. These results indicate that FSH secretion is not suppressed by suckling whereas the suckling stimulus is a potent inhibitor of LH. PMID- 6785433 TI - Differences of antigen composition of rheumatoid arthritic (RA) and non-RA derived tissue cultured synovial cells as detected by monkey anti-RA synovial cell sera. AB - Antisera produced in a monkey by injections of RA-derived synovial cells grown in tissue culture react preferentially with synovial cells compared to fibroblastic cell strains of other tissues. The antisera also detected differences of the antigenic components of RA and non-RA synovial cells utilizing a number of immunochemical techniques. Following adsorptions with cross-reactive antigen sources the antisera exhibited quantitative differences of reactivity to either RA or non-RA cells by immunofluorescence and complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays. The data were interpreted as indicating that fetal calf serum antigens differentially adhere to RA and non-RA synovial cells, and that antigens in synovial fluid cross-reactive with synovial cell antigens are expressed to a greater degree on RA-derived synovial cells. The results substantiate other reports that synovial cells from RA individuals are different from non-RA cells by a number of growth, metabolic and antigenic characteristics. PMID- 6785434 TI - Cell-mediated immune responses of synovial mononuclear cells to sexually transmitted, enteric and mumps antigens in patients with Reiter's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. AB - 3H-thymidine uptake responses by synovial mononuclear cells to stimulation with sexually transmitted, enteric and mumps antigens were studied in 12 patients with "sexually transmitted Reiter's syndrome", 5 with "enteric Reiter's syndrome", 5 with rheumatoid arthritis, 4 with ankylosing spondylitis and 10 with "indolent arthritis of one knee." The "sexually transmitted" and salmonella cases were distinguishable by the responses. Synovial responses were sometimes marked when peripheral blood responses were negligible. PMID- 6785435 TI - Penicillamine in rheumatic diseases: a prospective study of tolerance and efficacy. AB - Tolerance to D-penicillamine was studied prospectively over an 8-yr period in 318 patients with inflammatory rheumatic disorders. Adverse reactions, observed in 76% of patients, required permanent withdrawals in only 47% of the 318. Withdrawals could be reduced by lowering dosage and making increments extremely slowly. In 207 rheumatoid arthritis patients who had received gold thiomalate, adverse reactions to D-penicillamine were fewer than with the gold and, less often, caused permanent withdrawals. Of 164 nonresponders to gold thiomalate, 53% responded to D-penicillamine. Only 10% of nonresponders to D-penicillamine responded to gold thiomalate. PMID- 6785436 TI - D-penicillamine-induced increase in intracellular glutathione correlating to clinical response in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Measurement of glutathione (GSH) in consecutive blood samples from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) revealed, in good responders to D-penicillamine, a 20% to 35% increase in erythrocyte-GSH (E-GSH) levels after 2 to 8 wk of treatment. Usually this rise predicted a clinical response some wk later. Nonresponders to D penicillamine who did not show an increase in E-GSH could be converted to responders by receiving L-cysteine. E-GSH rose--prior to the clinical response- by up to 50% of pretreatment values. In RA patients with spontaneous changes in disease activity, E-GSH tended to decrease during relapses and increase before remissions. PMID- 6785437 TI - Other penicillamine-like drugs. AB - Drugs like penicillamine act slowly, benefit extraarticular features of the disease as well as the joints, reduce erythrocyte sedimentation rate and rheumatoid factor titer and may slow the progression of radiographic changes and alter the outcome of the disease. Their action is to some extent disease dependent. The 1st choice of drugs of this type is now penicillamine. It compares favourably with other drugs of the same type including gold, azathioprine and levamisole. A number of compounds in the development stage offer potential advantages over currently available drugs of this class. A compound which was safe enough to be recommended for widespread use would take over the role of first-line treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6785438 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6785439 TI - Post-transplantation development of malignant lymphoma, an experimental model: syngeneic lymph node transplants. AB - Previously, malignant lymphomas in mice have been found to be the late sequelae of the autologous transplantation of skin grafts pretreated with CO(2); these did not occur with grafts cultured in air alone. The clinical result in this autologous system reflects environmental differences in vitro (Goldsmith & Narvaez 1975). In the present study the syngeneic transplantation in BALB/c mice of lymph node tissue resulted in the late appearance of malignant lymphomas (48 69%), irrespective of the pretransplantation treatment of the grafts. Lymph node grafts were exposed to three different environments before transplantation into syngeneic hosts: (1) to culture in air (24 hours); (2) to culture in an atmosphere of 45% CO(2) in air (24 hours); (3) direct transplantation without in vitro exposure. Transplantation of these three groups of differently treated grafts was followed by the same clinical results in their recipients. These were: (1) The development of lymphoma whereas the spontaneous incidence was zero. (2) The proliferation of T-lymphocytes in the spleen; the incidence of this abnormality correlates with the lymphoma incidence. (3) A higher than normal occurence of immune-associated lesions (amyloidosis, interstitial nephritis and myocarditis). Both syngeneic and autologous transplantations may serve as animal models for the study of clinical malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6785440 TI - The effects of ethyleneglycoltetra-acetic acid on bactericidal activity of human serum against Escherichia coli. AB - The effects of ethyleneglycoltetra-acetic acid (EGTA) and EGTA + magnesium (MgEGTA) on the viable counts of 10 strains of Escherichia coli O6 have been studied in normal human serum (NHS), heat-inactivated serum (HIS) and in culture media with and without the addition of a beta-lactam antibiotic. The addition of EGTA to NHS largely prevented bactericidal activity against serum-sensitive strains while, in contrast, it reduced the growth of a serum-resistant strain. These apparently paradoxical effects are due to the lower growth rate permitted by the reduced amount of available magnesium in the presence of EGTA. Experiments with equimolar concentrations of EGTA and magnesium indicated that whilst MgEGTA is a reagent allowing alternative complement-pathway activity, such activity must be determined by comparison with results in HIS + MgEGTA rather than in HIS alone, classical-pathway activity being taken as the difference between the results in NHS and in NHS + MgEGTA. By these criteria, prompt killing by serum was found to occur via the classical pathway while delayed serum bactericidal activity occurred by the alternative pathway in some strains and by the classical pathway in others. PMID- 6785441 TI - Nutritional support of the hospitalized patient. PMID- 6785442 TI - Kinetics of drug-DNA interaction. Dependence of the binding mechanism on structure of the ligand. PMID- 6785443 TI - Comparative study of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl in male and female rats and female monkeys. AB - 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) is thought to be the most toxic chlorinated biphenyl present in commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) formulations. A comparative study of the distribution and excretion of TCB has been done in made and female rats and female rhesus monkeys in an effort to account for the toxicity of this PCB. The distribution and clearance of TCB were similar in male and female rats, and although TCB was cleared more slowly by monkeys than by rats, the monkeys were able to clear it at an appreciable rate so that tissue levels were negligible 6 wk after TCB administration. The results indicate that the toxicity of TCB cannot be attributed to inability of the animals to metabolize and excrete it or to its persistence in any tissue, with the possible exception of blood. TCB and/or TCB metabolites appear to be more persistent in blood than any PCB studied to date. PMID- 6785444 TI - Burn sepsis: bacterial interference with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The pathogenicity of several strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for burned rats (3 degrees scald burns, 20% body surface) following topical application of the bacteria to the burn within 1 hour after burning was established. Following this, it was demonstrated that purposeful infection of such 3 degrees scald burns of rats by a strain of Ps. aeruginosa of low virulence (JB-77) protects the rats from the lethal effect of subsequent (48-hour) topical contamination of the burn by a highly virulent strain of Ps. aeruginosa (VA-134) (p less than 0.001). This finding was confirmed in a similar experiment beginning with germfree rats. When the challenge with the highly virulent Ps. aeruginosa strain was 24 hours (rather than 48 hours) after the burning and topical contamination of the burn with the low virulence strain of Ps. aeruginosa, there was little protection (p N.S.). When burned rats were given the low virulence strain of Ps. aeruginosa by gavage right after burning, there was not protection to subsequent (48 hours) challenge by topical application of the highly virulent strain of Ps. aeruginosa to the burn (11/12 vs 12/12 dying). Our finding that purposeful infection of a 3 degrees burn of rats (conventional and also germfree) by a strain of Ps. aeruginosa of low virulence protects from the lethal effect of subsequent (48-hour) topical contamination of the burn by a highly virulent strain of Ps. aeruginosa is due, we believe, to direct bacterial interference between the two strains of pseudomonas. PMID- 6785445 TI - Inferior tibio-fibular diastasis treated by staple fixation. AB - This paper concerns the operative treatment of the total syndesmotic rupture of the ankle fractures classified as pronation-eversion fractures, stage III and IV, according to Lauge Hansen in 1942. Stabilization of the syndesmosis by a screw between the fibula and the tibia is well known. However, the method involves a risk of inaccurate positioning of the fibula in the incisura tibiae and of injury of the syndesmosis. A method of staple fixation of the syndesmosis in combination with rigid and anatomic osteosynthesis or the fibular fracture is presented and found suitable for securing the syndesmosis during healing. The followup results, range 3 to 10 years, of 16 ankle fractures treated in this way are promising. PMID- 6785446 TI - Dietary bulk as a limiting factor for nutrient intake in pre-school children. A problem description. PMID- 6785447 TI - Stigma and flagellar swelling in relation to light and carotenoids in Euglena gracilis var. bacillaris. PMID- 6785448 TI - Early RNAs in SP82- and SP01-infected Bacillus subtilis may be processed. AB - Transcription of SP82 and SP01 DNAs in vitro by Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase yielded mostly large RNA species, with many in excess of 1,500 bases in length, whereas most of the RNAs synthesized in vivo early in infection were much smaller. Addition of an extract from uninfected B. subtilis to reaction mixtures containing RNAs synthesized in vitro generated additional discrete RNAs whose mobilities on polyacrylamide gels matched the mobilities of some of the smaller RNAs synthesized in vivo. PMID- 6785449 TI - Regulation of toxinogenesis in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. I. Mutations in bacteriophage beta that alter the effects of iron on toxin production. AB - Diphtherial toxin is produced in maximal yields by Corynebacterium diphtheriae (C7(beta tox+) only when iron is present in growth-limiting amounts. Toxin production is markedly decreased under high-iron conditions. We studied the role of the bacteriophage beta genome in this apparent regulation of toxin production by iron. Using a passive immune hemolysis assay to detect toxin antigen production in individual plaques, we identified rare phage mutants that were toxinogenic in high-iron medium. Lysogenic derivatives of C. diphtheriae C7 harboring such phage mutants were constructed. The lysogens were compared with wild-type strain C7(beta) for their ability to produce toxin in deferrated liquid medium containing varying amounts of added iron. Quantitative tests for extracellular toxin were performed by competitive-binding radioimmunoassays. We identified phenotypically distinct mutant strains that produced slightly, moderately, or greatly increased yields of toxin antigen under high-iron conditions. The toxin produced by the mutant lysogens was biologically active and immunochemically indistinguishable from wild-type toxin. Complementation experiments demonstrated that the phage mutation designated tox-201 had a cis dominant effect on the expression of the toxin structural gene of phage beta. The characteristics of the tox-201 mutation suggest that it defines a regulatory locus of phage beta that is involved in control of toxinogenesis by iron in C. diphtheriae. PMID- 6785450 TI - Regulation of toxinogenesis in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. II. Genetic mapping of a tox regulatory mutation in bacteriophage beta. AB - The structural gene for diphtherial toxin is present in corynebacteriophage beta. Previous studies located several point mutations within the tox locus and determined the orientation of transcription of the toxin structural gene. The production of maximal quantities of toxin by Corynebacterium diphtheriae C7(beta) occurs only when the bacteria are iron deficient. Mutations in phage beta can affect this control of toxin production by iron. The tox-201 mutation regulates expression of the toxin structural gene in a cis-dominant manner and permits large amounts of toxin to be made under high-iron conditions when phage beta tox 201 infects C. diphtheriae C7. In this study tox-201 was found to be closely linked to the structural gene for toxin. We performed a series of multifactor matings to determine the relative positions of tox-201 and several point mutations within the toxin structural gene. The order of these markers on the vegetative genetic map of phage beta was tox-201-tox-4-tox-2-tox-30. These findings establish that the tox-201 regulatory site is closely linked to the end of the toxin structural gene corresponding to the origin of transcription. This location is consistent with our hypothesis that tox-201 defines a cis-dominant regulatory element, such as an operator, promoter, or attenuator, involved in control of toxinogenesis in C. diphtheriae C7(beta). PMID- 6785451 TI - Proteins of Norwalk virus. AB - The proteins of the Norwalk virus were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Highly purified specifically immunoprecipitated virions appeared to contain a single primary structural protein with a molecular weight of 59,000. In addition, a soluble Norwalk viral protein with a molecular weight of 30,000 was identified in fecal specimens containing Norwalk virus. The protein structure of the virion is similar to that of the Calciviridae family. PMID- 6785452 TI - The association of renal pelviocaliceal dysmorphism and sensorineural deafness: a new syndrome. PMID- 6785453 TI - Salvage cystectomy for bladder cancer after failure of definitive irradiation. AB - Selected patients in whom definitive external irradiation fails to control bladder cancer can potentially be salvaged by cystectomy. Before 1974, 189 patients at our cancer center underwent salvage cystectomy. The over-all 5-year survival rate was 37 per cent and the postoperative hospital mortality rate was 5 per cent. Infectious complications developed in a third of the patients and ureteroileal urine leak developed in 8 per cent but the incidence of other complications was not dissimilar to that after radical cystectomy without prior large dose irradiation. PMID- 6785454 TI - The effect of mitomycin C on superficial bladder cancer. AB - A course of intravesical mitomycin C, consisting of 8 weekly doses of 30 or 40 mg., was evaluated in 16 patients with superficial bladder cancer (stages O and A). Cystoscopically documented tumor was destroyed completely in 11 patients (69 per cent), while 3 patients exhibited partial tumor regression. Two patients had only multifocal, grade 3 carcinoma in situ and both had a complete response with negative biopsies and cytology at the 12-week evaluation. Toxicity was minimal. Further data, including longer followup, are needed to define the potentially promising role of this agent in the over-all management of superficial bladder cancer. PMID- 6785455 TI - Intravesical chemotherapy in a controlled trial with thio-tepa versus doxorubicin hydrochloride. PMID- 6785456 TI - Mannitol opens pathway of brain tumor chemotherapy. PMID- 6785457 TI - Cost-effectiveness of PUVA. PMID- 6785458 TI - Evaluating the changing role of respiratory therapy services at two hospitals. AB - An analysis of respiratory therapy services at two general hospitals showed a notable change from 1971 to 1979. There was a large decrease in intermittent positive-pressure breathing (IPPB) treatments at both hospitals. These were partially replaced with general chest physiotherapy maneuvers at one hospital and with incentive spirometry at another. Both hospitals demonstrated a substantial increase in time spent in management of mechanical ventilators. Staffs had increased along with time spent per patient. The reduction in IPPB was not associated with lower costs of respiratory therapy service at either hospital but, rather, a shift in the types of service performed. These changes must be considered in determining cost-effectiveness of respiratory therapy services. PMID- 6785459 TI - Epidemic typhus in the United States associated with flying squirrels. AB - Between July 1977 and January 1980, seven cases of sporadic, nonepidemic "epidemic" typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii) were discovered in Virginia, West Virginia, and North Carolina. The reservoir seemed to be the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans), an animal indigenous to the eastern United States; however, the vector or mode of acquisition was not evident. Diagnosis was established principally through complement fixation, indirect immunofluorescence, and toxin neutralization tests. Patients' ages were 11 to 81 years. Most were white women. Six had abrupt onset of illness. Headaches, fever, myalgias, and exanthems were among the presenting complaints. The disease seemed milder than classic louse-born epidemic typhus, but in some instances, it was life threatening. All patients responded to tetracycline or chloramphenicol. This entity probably is more common than reported, is difficult to recognize, and is produced by an organism seemingly identical to that producing louse-born epidemic typhus. PMID- 6785460 TI - Asymptomatic gonorrhea. PMID- 6785461 TI - Fasting hypoglycemia secondary to disopyramide therapy. Report of two cases. PMID- 6785462 TI - Von Recklinghausen's disease and gastrointestinal carcinoids. PMID- 6785463 TI - Association of blood pressure and polychlorinated biphenyl levels. AB - The geometric mean serum level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) of 458 persons in a communitywide study was 17.2 microgram/L, with 80% to 90% having levels within the range found in other community groups. As a dependent variable, PCB levels were found to be positively related to age, even when controlled for all other variables associated with PCB level: sex, local fish consumption, obesity, serum cholesterol level, and alcohol consumption. No major point source of PCB contamination was found, and fish taken in the drainage of a major population center had mean PCB levels below the current enforceable Food and Drug Administration tolerance of 5 mg/kg. As an independent variable, serum PCB levels were positively associated with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, serum cholesterol level, and measured blood pressure. The PCB-blood pressure association, which was independent of age, sex, body mass index, and social class, must be confirmed in other exposed populations. PMID- 6785464 TI - Thyroid storm with normal serum triiodothyronine level during diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6785465 TI - Presidential address. Humanism in hyperalimentation. PMID- 6785466 TI - Trace element balance in adults receiving parenteral nutrition: preliminary data. AB - There have been many recommendations regarding trace element needs of adults receiving total parenteral nutrition. Balance studies for zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium, and molybdenum were carried out in 3 critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Results indicate that the need for zinc was great in them, but that for copper and manganese was lower. Small negative chromium and selenium balances were observed. Molybdenum, iron, cobalt, and iodine balances were attempted but proved difficult to interpret. The requirement of each trace element varied from patient to patient, and was influenced by the presence of gastrointestinal fluid loss and renal function. PMID- 6785467 TI - Mg deficiency in chronic inflammatory bowel disease and requirements during intravenous nutrition. AB - Assessment of magnesium (Mg) status by serum and 24-hr urine estimations has been used to study a group of 17 patients with severe Crohn's disease, 10 of whom have required intravenous (IV) nutrition. Mg depletion was present in 15 (88%) and severe enough to cause symptoms in two. Urine levels were low in most patients and would appear to be a more sensitive indication of Mg depletion than serum levels alone. Serum Mg levels were significantly lower in the Crohn's group than in a group of hospital controls; 5-10 mmol of IV Mg were required daily to prevent Mg depletion during IV nutrition and some patients required higher intakes. Three patients with particularly severe malabsorption required oral Mg supplements in the long-term. The rationale for using our method of assessing Mg status, and the importance of recognizing and treating chronic Mg deficiency are presented. PMID- 6785468 TI - Calorie and protein requirements of pediatric patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - The calorie and protein requirements wer studied in 6 pediatric patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia treated in a laminar air flow unit. Calorie and protein requirements were estimated from anthropometric data. Mean total caloric requirement for weight maintenance was 136% of estimated basal metabolic rate, which is much lower than the RDA for healthy children. The mean protein requirement was 108% RDA. Provision of intravenous nutrients depressed oral intake. Infection had a deleterious effect on visceral protein status as determined by serum albumin. PMID- 6785469 TI - Alternate or supplemental energy sources. PMID- 6785470 TI - 100 patient years' experience with the Broviac silastic catheter for central venous nutrition. AB - Use of the Broviac silastic catheter totaling 37,039 patient days' experience has been studied at UCLA Hospital. When combined with standardized protocol for performance of parenteral nutrition and line care, and consistently supervised, the Broviac catheter provided inpatient as well as home parenteral nutrition with minimal complications. Catheter-related sepsis occurred once every 1,058 catheter use days; minor or major complications developed once every 330 days. The benefits of the Broviac catheter appear to stem from the reinforcement of the external portion of the catheter with an outer protective sheath of Teflon, the luer lock connecting apparatus at the end of the catheter, and the dacron cuff which served to anchor the catheter by stimulating adhesion formulation. The ability to repair the catheter by splicing avoided removal of 7% of all catheters. Particularly dramatic results were noted in infants younger than 2 yr; sepsis and dislodgement occurred only once every 1189 catheter-use days. On the basis of these observations, the Broviac silastic catheter should currently be considered the catheter of choice for central venous alimentation. PMID- 6785471 TI - Cyclic parenteral nutrition during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Two adolescents who underwent successful allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were nutritionally managed on a fat-free cyclic parenteral nutrition (PN) regimen. Serum concentrations of prealbumin, albumin, and transferrin were prospectively evaluated to assess the efficacy of nutritional therapy. Both patients tolerated the cyclic PN metabolically. Serial albumin and transferrin concentrations varied slightly and were less sensitive indices of changing nutritional status. In contrast, prealbumin concentrations decreased uniformly during periods of metabolic stress. At the cessation of Pn therapy, all serum proteins were within the normal range. Cyclic PN appears to be a safe, practical approach to the nutritional management of patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6785473 TI - Preventing and treating malnutrition in the elderly. PMID- 6785472 TI - Enteral nutrition: frequency of formula modification. AB - A retrospective study was undertaken to determine with what frequency one of the 12 standard enteral formulations routinely used by the Metabolic Support Service could not be used without modification. Forty-three percent of the 83 patients studied required modification of one or more of the 5 individual components of the enteral product being utilized (ie, carbohydrate, protein, fat, electrolytes, and vitamins). Organ dysfunction was the reason for 31% of those changes in formula, other conditions included vitamin deficiencies (30%), electrolyte imbalances (27%), and essential fatty acid deficiencies (12%). The results of the study confirm the fact that no single formula can be effective in meeting every patient's fluid and electrolyte requirements while addressing the specific nutritional aspects of their disease. It would appear that a totally modular system for enteral nutrition similar to that used in parenteral nutritional support would allow maximum flexibility in the preparation of formulae that conform to patient's needs. PMID- 6785474 TI - Malnutrition and hyperglycemia associated with TPN do not alter polymorphonuclear leukocyte adherence to nylon. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adherence to nylon was assayed in blood obtained from 10 malnourished patients before and during therapy with total parenteral nutrition (TPN). All patients demonstrated minimal to moderate loss of visceral and somatic protein. Adherence of PMN was unaltered by malnutrition or during the 4 wk of TPN in spite of hyperglycemia, which required insulin therapy in 4 patients. There was no correlation of blood sugar levels and PMN adherence. PMID- 6785475 TI - Cimetidine and parenteral nutrition. AB - A number of patients receiving continuous intravenous infusions of hyperalimentation solutions require cimetidine (CT) for treatment of gastric hypersecretory conditions. Four patients were selected to receive a CT hyperalimentation mixture and serial blood sampling for CT concentrations. Rates of infusion of CT ranged from 38 to 56.3 mg/hr. Average serum concentrations (C88) of CT at steady state ranged from 0.6 to 1.0 microgram/ml. This concentration range is near levels reported in patients receiving long-term oral CT and is lower than levels reported to be associated with central nervous system toxicity. No evidence of renal toxicity was noted. Pharmacokinetic parameters were comparable to previous reports in the literature. This initial investigation reveals that continuous intravenous infusion of CT in hyperalimentation solutions appears to be a safe mode of drug administration. More definitive studies are needed to assess efficacy. PMID- 6785476 TI - Anabolic steroid administration during nutritional support: a therapeutic controversy. AB - Nitrogen balance was determined in 48 patients who were entered into a randomized prospective double-blind study, comparing anabolic steroids versus placebo in our parenteral nutritional support system. The group included both young and old patients suffering from catabolic illnesses, in whom intravenous feeding ranged from 14-21 days. All participants received the active agent or placebo biweekly throughout the study. During the period of intravenous nutrition, there was statistically significant difference in nitrogen balance and protein conservation in the patients receiving the active agent. PMID- 6785477 TI - Laboratory monitoring of parenteral nutrition-associated hepatic dysfunction in infants. AB - Hepatic dysfunction associated with parenteral nutrition (PN) is a well recognized occurrence. In order to define the temporal inter-relationships of direct bilirubin to other laboratory parameters, total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and alkaline phosphatase were measured prior to beginning PN and then weekly throughout the duration of PN in 60 consecutive neonates. Cholestatic jaundice (ChJ), defined as a direct bilirubin greater than or equal to 2.0 mg/dl, developed in 11 (33%) of 33 infants receiving PN for at least 2 weeks. Direct bilirubin was the most sensitive and earliest indicator of ChJ. SGOT and SGPT values in the ChJ group were not statistically different from the non-ChJ group until 2 weeks after the onset of cholestasis. Although there was a progressive increase in alkaline phosphatase during the course of PN, the increase was not greater in the ChJ group. In summary, direct bilirubin is the only laboratory indicator of hepatic status that need be determined serially in parenterally alimented infants. Although SGPT and SGOT may be helpful in characterizing hepatic dysfunction once ChJ has occurred, alkaline phosphatase levels do not reliably assess PN-associated liver injury. PMID- 6785478 TI - Comparison of continuous vs intermittent tube feedings in adult burn patients. AB - In an effort to determine an optimal method of utilizing the gastrointestinal tract to meet the nutritional need of burn patients, a comparison was made between continuous and intermittent delivery of lactose-free tube-fed diets in similar groups of burn-injured patients. It was found that significantly less stool frequency and time required to achieve the nutritional goal occurred in patients treated with continuous pump tube feeding over those fed intermittently. PMID- 6785479 TI - Home tube feeding for long-term nutritional support. AB - Twenty-three adult patients with protein-calorie malnutrition were referred for outpatient tube feeding. Initial nutritional support with hypercaloric supplemented diets did not prevent further catabolism and weight loss, as the mean protein intake was 35.2 g/24 hr and the mean calorie intake was 844 cal/24 hr. Outpatient tube feeding was then initiated in deliver a mean of 78.5 g protein/24 hr and 2248 cal/24 hr. Patients on tube feeding demonstrated an increase of serum albumin and total body weight compared to diet therapy alone. The patient and family members were instructed in the technique of outpatient enteral feeding, which included instructions in feeding tube intubation, formula aspiration, and monitoring methods to prevent gastric aspiration and pooling. No major complications were observed. Home tube feeding was concluded to be a safe, efficient, and relatively inexpensive method of hyperalimentation for selected patients. PMID- 6785480 TI - Performance evaluation of a new nasogastric feeding tube. AB - A performance evaluation of a new polyurethane nasogastric feeding tube and stainless steel stylette (Nutriflex, No 8 French) was conducted at University Hospital. Thirty-eight tubes were successfully placed in 18 patients. Tubes remained in place less than 1-29 days and feedings were administered for a total of 196 patient days. Enteral formulas commonly available were administered via continuous drip. The tube use was surveyed for ease of insertion primarily; however, patency and comfort to the patient were felt to be positive with the use of this tube. With slight modifications the new feeding tube is a welcome addition to the expanding technology associated with enteral feedings. PMID- 6785481 TI - Use of Hickman right atrial catheter in pediatric oncology patients. AB - Eighteen pediatric oncology inpatients had 21 Hickman right atrial catheters placed for total venous access; 16 patients received parenteral nutrition. Mean duration of catheterization was 43 +/- 29 (SD) days. Four catheters had to be removed for infection or clotting. The catheter-related sepsis rate was 10%. Serious catheter-related complications were no more frequent in this population than in patients receiving only parenteral nutrition via Broviac or pediatric Broviac catheters. PMID- 6785482 TI - Drug induced liver disease. PMID- 6785483 TI - Serum concentrations of complement components 3 and 4 in liver disease. PMID- 6785484 TI - A prospective follow up study of patients with newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6785486 TI - pH and fecal microflora of healthy adults. PMID- 6785485 TI - Study of plasma insulin and glucose profile in obese and non-obese normal controls and diabetic subjects. PMID- 6785487 TI - Oral manifestations of malnutrition I. The effect of vitamins. PMID- 6785489 TI - The use of carcinoembryonic antigen in the clinical management of colorectal cancer. PMID- 6785488 TI - Enteroliths. PMID- 6785490 TI - First cousin marriages and X-heterosis in women. PMID- 6785491 TI - Attitude towards sex and sexual problem among male university students. PMID- 6785492 TI - Acid perfusion test, endoscopy and radiology in the diagnosis of oesophagitis. PMID- 6785493 TI - Rational approach for the management of sternomastoid tumour. PMID- 6785494 TI - Some novel effects of progesterone. PMID- 6785495 TI - Drug treatment of hyperlipidaemia--a controversy. PMID- 6785496 TI - Changing pattern of suicide and parasuicide in karachi. PMID- 6785497 TI - The transpubic approach for repair of membranous urethral strictures. PMID- 6785498 TI - Total serum bile acids in liver disease. PMID- 6785499 TI - Effect of progesterone therapy on the responses of the isolated rat stomach fundus strip preparations to 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine. PMID- 6785500 TI - Fanconi familial hypoplastic anaemia. PMID- 6785501 TI - Significance of chewing-sticks (miswaks) in oral hygiene from a pharmacological view-point. PMID- 6785502 TI - Hemodynamic assessment in the medical treatment of acute myocardial infarction: the effects of various vasodilators and catecholamines. PMID- 6785503 TI - [Effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the action of bronchoactive agents in guinea pig tracheal strips (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785504 TI - Detection of colt serum antibody against Corynebacterium equi by agar gel diffusion. PMID- 6785505 TI - Synergistic hemolysis phenomenon of Listeria monocytogenes and Corynebacterium equi. PMID- 6785506 TI - Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol: ovarian-independent growth of mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - The effects of ovariectomy on the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary tumors were investigated after rats ahd been exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES). Pregnant rats were inoculated with either DES (total dose: 1.2 micrograms) in sesame oil or with the vehicle alone on days 10 and 13 of gestation. Female offspring were given 2 gastric intubations of DMBA (10 mg each) 1 week apart beginning at 50 plus or minus 1 days of age. When the average diameter of a mammary tumor exceeded 2 cm, the animal was ovariectomized. The initial response of most tumors in both the DES-exposed and control groups to ovariectomy was size regression. The growth of 7 tumors that arose soon after DMBA treatment in each group was studied for 12-20 weeks after ovariectomy. Whereas only 1 tumor from the control group resumed active growth after the initial regression period, 6 tumors in the DES-exposed group overcame the initial effects of ovariectomy and began to grow again. Thus ovariectomy appeared to be less effective in producing sustained control growth in DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats exposed prenatally to DES. PMID- 6785507 TI - Sequential expression of preneoplastic and neoplastic characteristics of mouse mammary epithelial cells transformed in organ culture. AB - Epithelial cells transformed by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in cultures of whole mammary organs of inbred BALB/cAnN female mice were characterized. Nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) induced by DMBA in the mammary gland in vitro after transplantation into gland-free mammary fat pads of syngeneic hosts produced 22 of 44 hyperplastic alveolar outgrowths, and 7 produced mammary carcinomas in the first generation. Enzymatically dissociated mammary cells from glands containing NLAL but no normal alveoli produced 8 hyperplastic outgrowths; 1 of these outgrowths was tumorigenic. Dissociated cells from DMBA-treated glands containing the lobuloalveolar structures produced 26 of 48 hyperplastic alveolar outgrowths, and 8 of these were tumorigenic. Twelve lines of these mammary hyperplasias produced hyperplastic alveolar outgrowths and mammary tumors in a sequential manner up to 8-20 transplant generations. Thus the sequential stages of mammary cells transformed in organ culture are similar to the sequential stages of preneoplasia to neoplasia associated with murine mammary carcinogenesis in vivo. PMID- 6785508 TI - Streptococcus bovis meningitis and carcinoma of the colon. AB - A 90-year-old woman who presented with Streptococcus bovis meningitis was found at autopsy to have a colonic carcinoma. Although the association between colonic carcinoma and S. bovis endocarditis or bacteremia is well-documented in the literature, S. bovis meningitis is uncommon. A thorough investigation of the gastrointestinal tract should be undertaken in patients with S. bovis infections even in the absence of gastrointestinal signs or symptoms. PMID- 6785509 TI - [Tubercle bacilli and the infection theory]. PMID- 6785510 TI - [Cavity formation and cellular immunity]. PMID- 6785511 TI - [Inhibition of IgE antibody formation by tubercle bacilli and muramyl peptide]. PMID- 6785512 TI - [Computerized automatic management of the therapy of arterial hypertension]. AB - On the basis of the propositions of the theory of automatic control and regulation, the authors developed the method, algorithm, and program of automatic controlled treatment of arterial hypertension by means of computers. It was conducted in 160 patients with hypertensive disease. Treatment was accomplished with reserpine, dopegit, hemiton, combination of these agents with each other and with diuretics, and with brinerdin. The effect was good in 70.6% and satisfactory in 21.9% of cases; no effect was produced in 7.5% of cases. The studies showed that the created algorithms and program make it possible to carry out effective controlled hypotensive therapy by means of computers. With the use of the developed method it was found that the tuning coefficients, and consequently, the dosages of the drugs necessary for reducing arterial pressure and its maintenance on the desirable preset level differ with the patients and in one and the same patient on different days of the treatment. Automatic controlled hypotensive therapy employing computers may be accomplished with a single agent and, whenever necessary, with a combination of several agents. PMID- 6785513 TI - Renal tubular function in glycerol-induced acute renal failure. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine proximal and distal tubular function in rats with nonoliguric, myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure (ARF). ARF was induced with glycerol (50%, 10 ml/kg of body wt, i.m.), and renal function was studied 24 hours after glycerol or saline (controls) injection. Glycerol injection caused a 50 to 90% depression in GFR and a significant rise in blood urea nitrogen concentration. Animals with ARF exhibited glycosuria with normal blood sugar levels and a striking depression in tubular glucose reabsorption per milliliter of GFR. The capacity to reabsorb (mEq/liter GFR) was intact at normal blood bicarbonate levels, but was markedly depressed when blood bicarbonate was raised. The tubular maximum for para-aminohippurate (PAH) secretion and the renal extraction fraction of PAH were strikingly depressed in rats with ARF. Distal acidification as assessed by the urine-to-blood gradient of PCO2 (UB PCO2) was normal both during maximal alkalinization of the urine with bicarbonate (urine pH, approximately 7.8) or during neural phosphate infusion (urine pH, approximately 7.0). Net acid excretion per milliliter GFR and minimal urine pH (less than 5.5) following 3 days of ammonium chloride ingestion was similar in control and ARF animals. Potassium excretion was intact in maximal urinary osmolality were significantly altered in animals with ARF. Cortical and outer medullary Na-K-ATPase specific activities were significantly depressed in ARF rats. This occurred as a consequence of enzyme loss and not secondary to alterations in enzyme kinetics of absolute tubular sodium reabsorption. Light and electron microscopy showed diffuse proximal tubular damage, whereas glomeruli and distal tubules were intact. These data demonstrate that glycerol injection produces a diffuse proximal tubular transport defect associated with histologic and enzymatic alterations. PMID- 6785514 TI - Tubuloglomerular feedback responses during perfusion with nonelectrolyte solutions in the rat. PMID- 6785515 TI - Lithium and the kidney. PMID- 6785516 TI - [Thoracotomy and artificial ventilation of one lung and its influence on the gas composition of the arterial and mixed venous blood (an experimental study with dogs]. PMID- 6785517 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in Gaucher's disease. AB - Membrane-bound beta-glucosidase of leukocytes exists in two forms, one with optimal activity at about pH 4.5, whereas the other is most active at pH 5.5-6.0. In one case of type 1 (adult) Gaucher's disease, the pH 4.5 activity was totally deficient, but the pH 5.5 activity was present in normal amounts; obligate heterozygotes had half the normal activity at pH 4.5. In two different cases, the membrane-bound beta-glucosidase was completely absent when assayed at either pH 4.5 or pH 5.5. Two further cases had residual activity at both ph values; however, the residual enzymes had different thermostability properties than the corresponding enzymes of control leukocytes. The results are consistent with the existence of at least three genetic variants of type 1 (adult) Gaucher's disease. PMID- 6785518 TI - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel analysis of fibroblast polypeptides: discussion of its relevance for inherited diseases. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been used to resolve several hundred polypeptides from six different human fibroblast cell lines. Two of the cell lines were from normals while the other four were from patients with diseases of the type known to be due to single gene mutations. Less than 2% of the polypeptides from the different cell lines were found to differ in their electrophoretic mobility. The existence of only a small degree of polypeptide variability in pairwise comparison between cell lines suggests the possibility of employing two-dimensional gel electrophoretic comparison as a direct approach for the recognition of pathogenetically important polypeptide alterations in genetic diseases. PMID- 6785519 TI - Complementation analysis in fibroblasts from eight patients with clinically different forms of citrullinaemia. AB - We have examined the possibility of genetic heterogeneity in citrullinaemia by measuring the incorporation of [14C]citrulline into protein in PEG-induced heterokaryons derived from paired combinations of fibroblasts from eight patients with varying forms of the disease. The results are compatible with interallelic, but not intergenic, complementation in several of these fusions. PMID- 6785520 TI - Pyrimidine and purine metabolites in ornithine carbamoyl transferase deficiency. AB - Detailed biochemical studies have been carried out in a female heterozygote for ornithine carbamoyl-transferase (OCT) deficiency. Increased levels of the pyrimidines, orotic acid, uridine and uracil, were observed in plasma as well as urine by utilizing an adaptation of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Urinary clearances of these compounds were high, that of orotic acid indicating net secretion. Urinary uric acid clearance was also elevated, a finding attributed to the uricosuric effect of the orotic acid excreted concomitantly. The results in this child and her family are typical of OCT deficiency. They confirm considerable genetic heterogeneity in the biochemical as well as clinical expression in this defect. PMID- 6785521 TI - Homocystinuria: studies on cystathionine beta-synthase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and cystathionase activities in skin fibroblasts. AB - Cystathionine beta-synthase, S-adenosylmethionine synthetase and cystathionase activities were assayed in skin fibroblast cultures from five pyridoxine responsive and five pyridoxine non-responsive homocystinurics, six obligate heterozygotes for homocystinuria and ten normal control subjects. The specific deficiency in cystathionine beta-synthase activity was confirmed in nine of the homocystinuric cultures. However, in one pyridoxine responsive case the level of cystathionine beta-synthase activity was found to be comparable with those of the heterozygotes. A negative correlation appeared to exist between the level of residual enzyme activity and the pre-treatment severity of clinical symptoms. PMID- 6785522 TI - Plasma amino acids in a patient with Wilson's disease presenting with an acute haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 6785523 TI - Acute hereditary tyrosinaemia type I: clinical, biochemical and haematological studies in twins. AB - Affected twins with acute hereditary tyrosinaemia type I are described. Attempts at therapy with a phenylalanine-tyrosine-methionine restricted diet supplemented with cysteine, vitamin E and ascorbic acid failed to influence the course of the disorder. The bleeding diathesis was due to a morbid reduction of a number of clotting factors, particularly factor VII, and this was associated with impaired platelet aggregation and release. The liver of one showed a marked reduction in fumarylacetoacetate lyase activity and her urine contained a potent inhibitor of red cell delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase. Biochemical investigations of cultured fibroblasts suggest that these do not express the disorder and are unlikely to prove useful diagnostically. PMID- 6785525 TI - Effect of sodium hydroxide, ozone and sulphur dioxide on the composition and in vitro digestibility of wheat straw. PMID- 6785524 TI - Homocystinuria: the effect of pyridoxine supplementation on cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Six skin fibroblast cultures, two derived from pyridoxine responsive homocystinurics, two from pyridoxine non-responsive homocystinurics, one from an obligate heterozygote and one from a normal control were grown for three passages in the presence of 9.7 mu mol/l, 243 mu mol/l and 486 mu mol/l of pyridoxine respectively. Cystathionine beta-synthase activity was stimulated in all four homocystinuric cell strains at 486 mu mol/l; aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity was also increased, particularly in the pyridoxine responsive cell strains. There was, however, evidence of cytotoxicity at the pyridoxine levels of 243 mu mol/l and 486 mu mol/l. PMID- 6785526 TI - Effect of various nutritional formulations on candidiasis in a hyperalimented rat. PMID- 6785527 TI - Doxorubicin pharmacokinetics--the effects of protein deprivation. PMID- 6785529 TI - Inducibility of Cytochrome P-450 and of NADPH-cytochrome C reductase in progesterone treated filamentous fungi Rhizopus nigricans and Rhizopus arrhizus. PMID- 6785528 TI - Membrane antigens detected on human lung carcinoma cells by hybridoma monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6785530 TI - Production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody to progesterone. PMID- 6785531 TI - Purification of human interleukin 1. AB - Interleukin I (IL-1) is a lymphocyte stimulant released by human monocytes cultured for 18-24 hours in tissue culture medium containing 5% serum and the non specific immunostimulant lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Human IL-1 is found in the conditioned medium in a low molecular weight (approximately 13,000) and a high molecular weight (approximately 85,000) form. The high MW activity may result from the formation of a complex between IL-1 and serum constituents. During the course of purification, the low MW IL-1 activity is often recovered in a high MW form. Hollow fiber diafiltration and membrane ultrafiltration has been found to rapidly separate low MW IL-1 from all measurable protein with a yield of 4% of the original activity. The IL-1 which converts to the high MW form during the purification is recoverable, 21% of the original activity, but contains small amounts of serum proteins. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) of the low MW IL-1 resulted in a very highly purified sample which was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Utilizing a new staining procedure which detects less than 1 ng of protein per band, the IEF-purified IL-1 revealed trace quantities (less than 1 ng) of a slowly migrating protein similar to immunoglobulin and no other bands. There were no bands which corresponded with the known electrophoretic mobility of IL-1. Since the samples applied to the gel contained significant biological activity, this result implies that human IL-1 is biologically active in picogram quantities. PMID- 6785532 TI - Heterotopic ossification in a lymph node with metastatic follicular carcinoma of thyroid: a case report. AB - Metastasis of follicular thyroid carcinoma in a cervical lymph node associated with heterotopic ossification in a 34-year-old white female is presented. Pertinent gross and microscopic pathology is described and the literature is reviewed briefly. Bone formation in thyroid neoplasm has not been reported previously, except for bone metastases of medullary carcinoma. PMID- 6785533 TI - Immunological detection of metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - In six patients with known prostatic adenocarcinoma, extraprostatic (metastatic) tumor was suspected on radiographic or radionucleotide studies. When cytological examination of tissue obtained by needle aspiration or biopsy was nondiagnostic, radial gel immunodiffusion was used to identify the presence of prostatic acid phosphatase in the tissue. Four specimens demonstrated prostate-specific acid phosphatase activity, permitting the diagnosis of metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma. The technique is simple and highly specific. PMID- 6785534 TI - Alveolar-arterial PCO2 differences and diffusion limitation. PMID- 6785535 TI - Influence of hemoglobin concentration on lung diffusing capacity for CO at high altitude. PMID- 6785536 TI - Effects of aging and phenobarbital on the rat liver microsomal drug-metabolizing system. AB - Significant declines in the non-induced activities of liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes and in the amount of cytochrome P-450 occur between maturity (16 months) and senescence (27 months) in male Fischer 344 rats, whereas there are essentially no differences between very young (1 month) and mature animals. Several hepatic responses to chronic phenobarbital administration also demonstrate marked age-dependent changes. The livers of young and mature animals exhibit: (1) greater hepatomegaly; (2) faster rates of induction and post induction recovery of microsomal mixed function oxidase enzyme activities and hemoprotein concentration; and (3) higher maximally induced levels of these components in comparison to senescent rats. When considered with information from previous studies, the present data suggest that the age-related decline in liver drug metabolism may be due to qualitative and/or quantitative changes in the structural and/or functional components of the hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidase system. PMID- 6785537 TI - Purification and properties of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH)-containing particles from the rat hypothalamus. AB - The subcellular distribution of the TRH-like immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus and brain was studied. In differential centrifugation, the 900 g for 10 min supernatant (S1) of the hypothalamus or brain contained 61--79% of the total TRH. At 11,000 g for 20 min, 51--73% of the TRH in S1 was sedimented. When the hypothalamic S1 was fractioned under non-equilibrium conditions at 25 degrees C, two populations of TRH-containing particles were observed in several types of continuous linear density gradients. Metrizamide and sucrose gradients affected TRH-assay. TRH-particles were very light in Percol-gradients. Isotonic dextran 40,000-sucrose gradients gave the most reproducible results. In these gradients, the large TRH-particles (35%) equilibrated at 1.055--1.060 kg/l and the small ones (23%) at 1.041--1.047 kg/l. Working at 4 degrees C decreased the amount of large TRH-particles. The apparently larger particles contained cytoplasmic and mitochondrial enzymes and were sensitive to hypoosmotic shock like synaptosomes. Electron micrographs confirmed that these particles were synaptosomes. The true nature of the small particles remained unclear but morphologically a part of them were also synaptosomes. Treatment of the animals with reserpine (10 mg/kg i.p., 24 h), with 6-hydroxydopamine (100 microgram/rat i.c.v.) or with 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (200 microgram/rat i.c.v.) did not affect significantly TRH recovery or distribution in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6785539 TI - The costs of a suburban paramedic program in reducing deaths due to cardiac arrest. AB - The marginal costs per averted death of a suburban paramedic program are estimated to be approximately $42,000, when program costs are attributed entirely to cardiac arrest cases due to underlying heart disease, and indirect costs attributable to episode-related hospitalization are included, It is suggested that at $42,000 per cardiac arrest death averted the program is cost-beneficial by two criteria. First, it compares favorably with an estimate obtained from the literature of the value to the average individual of saving the life of a myocardial infarction patient. Second, the people of King County passed a cost commensurate Paramedic Program Property Tax Levy in 1979, revealing their willingness to support the program. Results of the study should be generalized in accordance with the facts that in King County 1) the population density averages approximately 1,300 per square mile; 2) a basic emergency medical system ensures a 4-minute average response time to initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation; 3) a citizen-training program in cardiopulmonary resuscitation further reduces average time to initiation of basic life support; and 4) the paramedic program is designed to ensure a 10-minute average time to definitive care. PMID- 6785538 TI - Application of catheter-tip i.s.f.e.t. for continuous in vivo measurement. PMID- 6785540 TI - The use of functional assessment in understanding home care needs. PMID- 6785541 TI - Evaluating the costs and benefits of a diagnostic technology: the case of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. AB - Medical technology assessment has been proposed as a way to encourage more appropriate use of medical technologies, which may in turn lower medical care costs. The application to a diagnostic technology of techniques for medical technology assessment is discussed, using upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an example. Several generic problems are often encountered when performing an assessment of a diagnostic technology. These problems include the need to weigh relatively concrete data on clinical and economic costs against less quantifiable data on the value of the information gained from the procedure. In the case of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, data on morbidity (approximately two cases per 1,000 cases), mortality (approximately one case per 20,000 cases), changes (approximately +290 per procedure), and costs (between +69 and +128 per procedure) are relatively easily determined. Less easily calculated is the marginal diagnostic gain from endoscopies performed for the wide variety of conditions for which an endoscopy may be indicated. It is concluded that, in the case of diagnostic technologies, technology evaluations may be most useful as a heuristic tool. Because of the difficulty in weighing costs and benefits, however, formal evaluations of diagnostic technologies are not likely in the near future to contribute to medical care cost containment. PMID- 6785542 TI - [Effect of the computer-assisted diagnostic system [ADM] on the success and cost of diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Taking into account the interest we have in helping physicians arrive at a diagnosis and in choosing the procedures utilized in the computer-assisted diagnostic system (ADM) already described, a study was devised to estimate the efficiency of the system in relation to costs. From 300 patient records, 80 presenting a true diagnostic problem within the framework of the diseases already in computer memory were selected. A comparison was made between the normal procedure, with and without computer help, keeping in mind the diagnoses themselves as well as the performance and the cost. Criteria and evaluation methods were evaluated. The results, even though preliminary, are encouraging and justify the continued development of the system. PMID- 6785543 TI - Comparison of gentamicin bioassay values utilizing three different indicator organisms. AB - Gentamicin serum concentrations were monitored via bioassay with three indicators, to determine if assay results were influenced by the testing organism. When mean assay values, from seven samples, were compared to mean target values, there was no significant differences with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis or Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, levels from one of the seven samples yield dramatically lower concentrations, for all three indicators, than the target. This suggests the presence of a bioassay inhibitor substance. Additional testing of the organisms, versus serum without gentamicin, revealed Bacillus subtilis to be much more serum-sensitive than the others. PMID- 6785545 TI - Feasibility of lasers for performing otologic surgery. PMID- 6785546 TI - [Therapy of aminoacid and protein metabolism disturbances in liver disease (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The role of the liver in synthesis and metabolism of proteins, in the metabolism of certain aminoacids, and in urea synthesis is described. 2. In the liver disease protein synthesis may be reduced. The activity of lysosomal proteases is enhanced during acute hepatitis and in cirrhosis. Diseases of the liver may be associated with various derangements in the metabolic pathways of particular aminoacids. Synthesis of urea is decreased in chronic liver disease. 3. Nutrition for patients with chronic liver disease needs to include sufficient calories and has to be well balanced. Parenteral nutrition and diet in patients with edema and ascites deserves special attention. Dietary treatment of patients with cirrhosis of the liver and impending or already existing hepatic encephalopathy is outlined. PMID- 6785544 TI - Severe complication of a Zenker's diverticulum with endoscopic diverticulotomy rescue. AB - Persistent pharyngoesophageal obstruction precipitated by lodgement of a foreign body in a Zenker's diverticulum, with abscess formation, was successfully treated by endoscopic diverticulotomy. The symptoms and pathogenesis of Zenker's diverticula are fully described, emphasizing the importance of the cricopharyngeus and party wall in its development and relentless progress. Transcutaneous resection of diverticula is reviewed. Detailed description of the technique of endoscopic diverticulotomy is outlined. The rationale and indications for the endoscopic approach are delineated. PMID- 6785547 TI - Naloxone reversal of the pentobarbital induced blockade of ovulation in the rat. PMID- 6785548 TI - [Late results of the combination treatment of stage-I cervical cancer with preoperative radiation therapy]. PMID- 6785549 TI - [The antibacterial activity of penicillins and cephalosporins in relation to the inoculum size]. PMID- 6785550 TI - Metabolic effects of hypothalamic hyperphagia. AB - In order to test the hypothesis that the enhanced gluconeogenesis of hypothalamic obesity remains responsive to changed in food intake, we have measured gluconeogenesis in two modes of hypothalamic obesity under both hyperphagic and normophagic conditions. The results show that hyperphagia partially decreases gluconeogenesis and fully restores liver glycogen in both modes. The discussion section relates our present findings to the enhanced glucose utilization previously noted after VMH destruction and to the recent hypothesis that hyperphagia is a response to body protein depletion. PMID- 6785551 TI - Relation between the HDL apoproteins and AI isoproteins in subjects with the AIMilano abnormality. AB - The apoprotein AIMilano (AIM) is the first described molecular abnormality of human apolipoproteins. In order to achieve a better understanding of the biochemical role of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and of their subcomponents, nine members of the AIM family were studied. Five showed the characteristic biochemical features of the AIM abnormality. All were hypertriglyceridemic; their plasma and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) triglycerides had a significant negative correlation with the HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (r = -0.961, p less than 0.01 and r = -0.939, p less than 0.05, respectively). Compositional studies of HDL in these subjects revealed a marked triglyceride (TG) enrichment, with reduced cholesterol content. HDL-C and/or phospholipid (PL) levels correlated significantly with the AIM apoprotein in HDL (r = 0.995, p less than 0.001 for HDL-C and r = 0.994, p less than 0.001 for HDL-PL) but not with the other HDL apoproteins, suggesting that only apo AIM in monomeric form, can bind lipids. Isoelectric focusing studies on the isolated AIM isoproteins from the five affected subjects revealed an isoprotein distribution markedly different from normal AI. A possible structural role for isoprotein AI1 is suggested by the strong correlation between HDL content of this isoprotein and HDL-C and HDL-PL levels (r = 0.965 and r = -0.990 respectively, both p less than 0.001). AI4 and AIM was nearly doubled, as compared to normal AI. The reported results may be of help for a better understanding of the role of the major HDL apoprotein and of its isoproteins in lipid binding and lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6785552 TI - Instantaneous and continuous measurement of 14C-labeled substrate oxidation to 14CO2 by minute tissue specimens: an ionization chamber method. AB - The vibrating reed electrometer and ionization chamber have been adapted for the instantaneous and continuous measurement of 14C-labeled substrate oxidation to 14CO2 by minute quantities of isolated tissues. This modified technique, utilizing a "closed" circulation incubation system, is 10-50 times as sensitive as the previously described "open" circulation techniques. Substrate oxidation curves are described for human erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear leucocytes, canine parietal cells and isolated segments of the rat nephron. This apparatus should prove to be a useful tool for metabolic studies of small quantities of isolated tissue. PMID- 6785553 TI - The treatment of postmenopausal vaginal atrophy with Ovestin vaginal cream or suppositories: clinical, endocrinological and safety aspects. AB - Seventy-four postmenopausal women presenting with vaginal atrophy were treated with either Ovestin vaginal cream (Group A, 23 women: 1 mg/day E3; Group B, 30 women: 0.5 mg/day E3) or vaginal suppositories (Group C, 21 women: 0.5 mg/day E3), applied daily for 3 wk (A and B) or 2 wk (C) before retiring. Ten women from A and 10 from B applied a maintenance dose (1 application twice weekly) during wk 4-16. Effects on vaginal cytology, cervical mucus and clinical and colposcopic findings were studied. Endometrial biopsies were done in 16 patients (A) before and after 3 wk of treatment, and, in 8 of the cases, at 16 wk. A routine laboratory screening program was performed before and after 16 wk of treatment in 10 patients (A). Plasma samples for hormone level determinations were obtained in 32 patients. Clinical and colposcopic findings showed a beneficial effect of treatments, confirmed by vaginal smears, and persisting during maintenance therapy. Effect on cervical mucus was slight to moderate. No side effects occurred and tolerance was very good. Endometrium remained atrophic under treatment. Screening program revealed no abnormalities. Treatments induced a sharp rise in plasma E3, followed by a gradual decline. Gonadotropins were slightly suppressed. E1, E2, PRL and SHBG capacity remained unchanged. PMID- 6785554 TI - National figures available on health care use, expenditures. PMID- 6785555 TI - Effect of lactobacilli on urinary indican excretion in gnotobiotic rats and in man. AB - The effect of Lactobacillus species on urinary indican excretion in two types of gnotobiotic rats (GBH-9 and GB-5) and in man was studied. L. salivarius, L. plantarum and L. casei colonized in the cecum and colon of both types of rats at levels of 10(7) to 10(8) per gram of contents following one-dose oral administration and caused a significant reduction in urinary indican excretion, whereas two strains of L. acidophilus which colonized at low levels (10(4) to 10(5)/g) did not reduce indican excretion. Daily feeding of Lactobacillus concentrates caused a further significant reduction in indican excretion which was corrected by tryptophan intake, even in the case of L. acidophilus. There was a clear relationship between fecal lactobacillus counts and urinary indican. A significant reduction of indican secretion was obtained only when the fecal counts of lactobacilli exceeded 10(7).4/g in rats. L. casei also had an effect in man, reducing urinary excretion of indican and p-cresol. Reduction in indican excretion seems to be accompanied by decreasing fecal tryptophanase activity in rats and man. A negative correlation was also obtained between fecal resident lactobacilli and urinary indican in man (r = -0.532, n = 28, p less than 0.01). Subjects with lactobacilli at a level of 10(6)/g or more excreted less indican than those harboring the bacteria at levels below 10(5)/g. PMID- 6785556 TI - Mutual relationship between antibiotics and resting spores of Bacillus subtilis: binding of cyclic polypeptide and aminoglycoside antibiotics to spores and their inhibitory effect on outgrowth and vegetative growth. AB - Not only cyclic polypeptide antibiotics such as polymyxin B, colistin and gramicidin S but also aminoglycoside antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin and kanamycin derivatives combined with the resting spores of Bacillus subtilis and inhibited outgrowth or vegetative growth after germination. All the antibiotics other than gramicidin S were released from the resting spores and their inhibitory action was reversed by the addition of Ca2+ and Fe3+. As the above antibiotics have free amino (or guanidine) groups in common, it was assumed that such groups play an important role in binding of the antibiotics to the resting spores. Moreover, it was shown that protamine and poly-L-lysine were also bound to the resting spores and were released from them by Ca2+. On the other hand, free carboxyl groups had been demonstrated in the outermost surface of the resting spores in a previous study. Thus, we assume that the mode of binding of the antibiotics to the resting spores may be due to the formation of reinforced ionic bonds between amino (or guanidine) groups in the antibiotics and carboxyl groups on the spore surface. PMID- 6785558 TI - Rechargeable batteries- The cost:benefit ratio. PMID- 6785557 TI - Effect of monovalent cations on the aggregation of tobacco mosaic virus by chondroitin sulfate. AB - The mechanism of precipitation of tobacco mosaic virus by chondroitin sulfate in the presence of various monovalent cations was investigated kinetically by means of turbidimetry. The virus solution became turbid on the addition of chondroitin sulfate, and led to separation of the virus as a crystalline phase. In the presence of monovalent cations the degree of precipitation of the virus by chondroitin was reduced with the increase in monovalent cation concentration. The order of the reduction was Li+ less than Na+ less than K+, which is reversely analogous to the lyotropic series. The least hydrated cation, K+, reduced the degree of precipitation of tobacco mosaic virus the most because the radius of the sphere equivalent to chondroitin sulfate was diminished most strongly by K+ ion. The effect of the monovalent cations on the precipitation supports our assumption that the virus precipitation results from incompatibility and mutual spatial exclusion between the virus and chondroitin. The maximum turbidities, the initial slopes, and the aggregation half-time were measured by varying the monovalent cation concentrations. The former two parameters decreased with the increase in cation concentration, whereas the aggregation half-time increased. A lag time was present and the effect of the cations increased in the order K+ less than Na+ less than Li+. PMID- 6785559 TI - Comparison of driving gases for IABPs. AB - Several aspects of CO2 vs He as the driving gas in intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation systems were reviewed and investigated. Carbon dioxide seems to be significantly safer than other gases, but not benign. Helium produces a faster balloon response, but the physiologic significance has not been defined. Balloon driving gases become diluted in relatively short time. Leak detection systems have significant limitations. It seems prudent for users of dual-balloon systems to periodically measure the PCO2 of the driving gas. A better method of purging the single-balloon system was developed. PMID- 6785560 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis and magnesium deficiency. PMID- 6785561 TI - Serum sodium valproate assays: comparison between EMIT and GLC methodologies. PMID- 6785562 TI - Side effects of sodium valproate. PMID- 6785563 TI - [The immediate treatment of acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6785565 TI - EDTA chelation therapy for arteriosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 6785564 TI - [Comparison of various methods for the determination of lipoproteins in the serum]. PMID- 6785566 TI - Adriamycin, vincristine, dibromodulcitol, and hexamethylmelamine in advanced previously treated breast cancer: an ECOG pilot study. AB - A combination of adriamycin, vincristine, dibromodulcitol, and hexamethylmelamine was piloted in patients with advanced breast cancer who had failed prior CMFP chemotherapy, as a part of ongoing trials by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group to improve second-line chemotherapy for this disease. The vincristine was given as an intensive 5 week induction regimen and hexamethylmelamine was administered on days 15-27 of a 28 day cycle, at the time of anticipated nadir peripheral blood counts. The study was terminated early after only 9 patients had been entered because of severe neurotoxicity related to the intensive schedule of vincristine as well as hematologic and gastrointestinal side effects. Three patients responded for 11, 18 and 21 weeks. The limited therapeutic benefit did not justify the toxicity produced, and suggested that intensive dosage schedules of vincristine, and use of low dose hexamethylmelamine during the time of anticipated hematologic nadir counts would not be of substantial benefit. PMID- 6785567 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the double effusion reaction on agar gel in echinococcosis]. PMID- 6785569 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome--United States, 1970-1980. PMID- 6785568 TI - Transient blindness associated with severe diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6785570 TI - Rubella prevention. PMID- 6785571 TI - Mesocortical dopamine neurons. Lack of autoreceptors modulating dopamine synthesis. PMID- 6785572 TI - Acetylcholinesterase from rat red cells and cholinesterase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: different types of inhibition by atropine. AB - The inhibition by atropine of cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied in parallel with the membrane bound acetylcholinesterase from rat red cells. Acetylcholinesterase of rat red cells, like other animal cholinesterases, was competitively inhibited while the cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was partially non competitively inhibited by atropine. These results clearly indicated a different behavior of cholinesterase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in comparison with the enzyme of Pseudomonas fluorescens and other animal cholinesterases. PMID- 6785573 TI - Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in a homogenate of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Glycogen synthase I in a homogenate of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes was phosphorylated under imitated physiological conditions utilizing the endogenous protein kinases. At subsequent steps of phosphorylation the 32P-labelled synthase was purified and characterized. Limited tryptic hydrolysis of the 32P-labelled synthase released four phosphopeptides (t-A, t-B, t-C, t-D) and subsequent chymotrypsinization of the trypsin resistant core released three phosphopeptides (c-A, c-B, c-C). One Pi/subunit was incorporated within 8-10 min and 2.2 Pi/subunit within 60 min increasing the Kc for Glc-6-P to 4-6 mM. The initial phosphorylation up to 0.8 Pi/subunit occurred mainly in peptide c-A and a linear relation between ratio of independence (RI) of glycogen synthase in the interval RI 0.85 to RI 0.05 and phosphorylation of this peptide of 0.5 Pi was observed. Phosphorylation of this peptide is responsible for the decrease in ratio of independence. From experiments with inhibitors and activators, the initial phosphorylation was found predominantly catalysed by the endogenous cAMP independent synthase kinase, however, the endogenous cAMP dependent protein kinase and phosphorylase kinase also phosphorylate endogenous glycogen synthase I to a minor degree. Circumstantial evidence for a Ca-dependent synthase kinase different from phosphorylase kinase is presented. The endogenous Glc-6-P dependent glycogen synthase occurring in a homogenate of leukocytes disrupted in the presence of NaF incorporated 1.07 Pi/subunit and Kc for Glc-6 was increased from 6-8 mM to 20 mM. From the present and previous experiments [7] a total of 8 major phosphorylatable sites have been defined, one on each of the peptides t-A, t-B, c-B, c-C and two on peptide c-A, which in addition may contain a third site for phosphorylase kinase. Assuming identical subunits, only 13 out of 32 sites are thus covalently modified at maximum phosphorylation. The operational defined synthase R (Kc for Glc-6-P 0.5 mM) and D (Kc for Glc-6-P 2-8 mM) activities correspond to synthase with about 0.8 Pi and 1.8-2.3 Pi/subunit, respectively. PMID- 6785574 TI - Biochemical characterization of the active site of brain monoamine oxidase. AB - Until recently little was known concerning the chemical details of the mechanism of interaction of flavin-linked mitochondrial membrane bound monoamine oxidase (MAO) with its substrates and inhibitors. Substrates which have enzymes as their targets have been valuable in elucidating active site residues and structural features. Acetylenic amines as exemplified by clorgyline, deprenyl and pargyline are called 'suicide inhibitors' because an irreversible inhibitor is formed by the action of MAO from a relatively innocuous compound which acts as a substrate. These inhibitors can selectively inactivate MAO 'type A' and/or 'type B'. MAO isolated in homogeneous form from liver or kidney contains 1 mole of covalently bound coenzyme, cysteinyl-flavin, per mole enzyme. The flavin is bound to a pentapeptide via the thio-ether of cysteine at the 8 alpha-position of the isoalloxazine. A comparison of the inhibitory effects of clorgyline, deprenyl and pargyline on liver enzyme preparations from bovine or rat have confirmed our expectation that these irreversible inactivators form the same type of adduct with the cysteinyl-flavin active site of MAO 'type A' and 'type B', and that binding is stoichiometric at the N-5 of the covalently bound flavin in a flavocyanine linkage. Substrates protect from inhibition. In contrast to the reported observation of Tipton (39), pig brain mitochondrial MAO purified by two alternative methods contains cysteinyl-flavin in substantial amounts. The turnover number of enzyme from brain per mole of cysterinyl-flavin in apparently homogeneous samples is nearly the same as that of highly purified kidney and liver enzyme. Thus it is apparent that brain MAO also contains cysteinyl-flavin at the active center and therefore it is expected that acetylenic as well as hydrazine inhibitors form the same linkage with the flavin moiety as that formed with enzyme from peripheral tissues. A specific inhibitor for the deamination and potentiation of dopamine formed in the brain of Parkinsonian patients after treatment with L-Dopa has been regarded desirable. Deprenyl, a selective MAO 'type B inhibitor without the 'cheese effect', is the most potent inactivator of human brain MAO, and clinical results show that the drug is very useful in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and depression. PMID- 6785575 TI - [Blood pressure determination for antihypertensive therapy. Must blood pressure be measured even more frequently?]. PMID- 6785576 TI - [Late radiation damage in the intestine. Clinical aspects, therapy and prognosis (author's transl)]. AB - The causes, incidence, symptoms, treatment and prognosis of late radiation damage of the intestine are reported with reference to the literature. The possibilities of elimination are discussed. From 1969 to 1979, 48 of our own patients (34 women and 14 men) were operated for radiogenic late sequelae of the intestine. 27 of these patients required emergency laparotomy. The high mortality of around 42% is essentially due to fecal peritonitis already present at the time of operation. PMID- 6785577 TI - [The sports medical profile of Alpinists (author's transl)]. AB - Questionnaires sent to 293 male and female members of the Swiss Alpine Club provided conclusive sports medical results. 77% of all alpinists had never suffered an alpine accident as yet, but 23% had suffered a combined total of 85 injuries: legs were involved in 55%, arms in 20%, the trunk in 17% and the head in 8%. Sports medical investigations in a random sample of 50 subjects revealed a mean vital capacity of 5434 ml. Ergometric measurements at a preset 250 watt showed a mean maximum heart rate of 164 and mean blood pressure of 236/63 mmHg in the fifth minute of exercise. PMID- 6785578 TI - [The ski pole in summer]. PMID- 6785579 TI - [Resistance to parenteral cephalosporins in the Regensburg region in 1979]. PMID- 6785580 TI - [Double-blind clinical trial of tramadol capsules. First communication: Comparison with pentazocine and placebo (author's transl)]. AB - A new administration form of tramadol (50 mg) was compared in a multicenter double-blind trial with pentazocine (50 mg) and with placebo in patients with acute pains. Each patient received a test preparation once. The preparations were available in identical capsules. During the five-hour observation period the effect on the intensity of pain was recorded with reference to a scale and the undesirable side effects noted. Tramadol was shown to have an analgesic effect about equal to that of the comparative preparation. Both analgesics were superior in effect to the placebo, as was expected. The incidence of side effects from tramadol was less than that with the comparative substance, even if both analgesics had a higher incidence of side effects than the placebo. The results confirm earlier experience obtained with parenteral application of tramadol. PMID- 6785581 TI - [Medicinal teas in the prophylaxis of urinary calculus. Effect of solubitrat on the excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory substances (author's transl)]. AB - While adhering to a standardized intake of food and liquids the effect of Solubitrat medicinal tea was tested under hospital conditions on the important serum parameters for urinary calculus formation and on the excretion of lithogenic and inhibitory substances in the urine. No significant differences were found in the serum parameters and in the 24 hr urine between the control group and the trial group. Observation of the day and night rhythm in the urine of the test group showed a prevention of the otherwise normal excretion peaks of most parameters at night, in particular the Ca concentration showing a significant flattening. Solubitrat medicinal tea consequently reduces the risk of urinary calculus formation and can be recommended without restriction for the fluid supply in the prophylaxis of urinary calculus. PMID- 6785583 TI - [The hemobilia syndrome]. PMID- 6785582 TI - [The death of Bela Bartok in New York. On the centenary of his birth, May 25th 1981 (author's transl)]. AB - Soon after the Hungarian composer B. Bartok had emigrated to America in 1940, he developed a relapsing myelocytic leukemia while in New York, which was accompanied by joint complaints and pyrexia. Bartok, now reduced to a skeleton, fell a victim of pneumonia in 1945. In spite of blood transfusions and oxygen respiration he succumbed to his condition on 26th September 1945 at the age of 64. PMID- 6785584 TI - [Phlebological forum. Par 6. Possibilities of Doppler ultrasonic methods]. PMID- 6785585 TI - [Medicine and pedagogy. Concepts, basics and consequences. Part 13. Learning in medicine. Part 1]. PMID- 6785586 TI - [Psychosocial pharmacology with pheromones]. PMID- 6785587 TI - [How much hope for stomach cancer?]. PMID- 6785588 TI - [Stomach cancer. Clinical pathology--prognostic significance]. PMID- 6785589 TI - [Liver involvement in subacute thyroiditis]. PMID- 6785590 TI - [Stomach cancer. Possibilities of endoscopic diagnosis]. PMID- 6785591 TI - [Stomach cancer. Additional measures following surgical intervention]. PMID- 6785593 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 8. Differential diagnosis of thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 6785592 TI - [Value of intraoperative histological section for microscopic examination]. PMID- 6785594 TI - [Infertility after mumps orchitis (author's transl)]. AB - Mumps orchitis is the most frequent complication of mumps in young men. 11 of 23 patients were followed up, 9 answered a questionnaire. 11 spermiograms were available. 6 patients, 3 of them after bilateral mumps orchitis, had children. Although some severe fertility disturbances were seen, no case of real infertility was found. The rate of atrophy was 53%. 12 patients remained at least subfertile (60%), 5 of them after bilateral mumps orchitis, 3 patients were almost infertile after bilateral mumps orchitis. Patients with corticosteroid therapy showed better results at followup examinations than the others, although no significance was found (alpha greater than 0.05). PMID- 6785595 TI - [Depression following use of Imap 1.5 mg]. AB - Fluspirilene (Trademark Imap) is a depot neuroleptic agent for i.m. injection known for several years. Since it is well tolerated, has substance-specific repository properties and rarely leads to extrapyramidal motorial side effects, it has proved itself efficient for the in- and outpatient treatment of psychoses. Recently however, an extension of its indication has been advocated (as a "weak tranquilizer") to unspecific anxiety and agitation states as well as functional/neurasthenic syndromes. According to our observations, administration of the drug over several weeks in these cases frequently leads to depressive syndromes. Based on three case studies, this paper illustrates the problems involving administration of 1,5 mg Imap in functional/neurasthenic syndromes and discusses the occasional necessity of antidepressive therapy following discontinuation of the neuroleptic medication. PMID- 6785596 TI - [Microsurgery in urology]. PMID- 6785597 TI - [Triage. Basic procedures of catastrophe medicine also in accidents?]. PMID- 6785598 TI - [Results of radiotherapy in surgery]. PMID- 6785599 TI - [The bomb outrage at the Munich Octoberfest on 26. 9. 1980 (author's transl)]. AB - The bomb outrage at the October Beer Festival on the evening of September 26, 1980 was a great test of the strain on, and also a crucial trial for the Munich Ambulance Service. Over 200 injured persons, one quarter of them seriously or most seriously injured, were given adequate first aid and within one hour 179 were distributed to 23 hospitals in and around Munich. Some fortunate circumstances favored the technical course of the rescue operation. Small errors which occurred gave rise to reconsideration of questions of catastrophe medicine and problems of organization and planning. The team-work of the rescue services played an essential part in the optimally developed system of the emergency medical services in Munich. PMID- 6785600 TI - [Transplantation of organs and tissues. The idea and practise in the course of time (author's transl)]. AB - The idea of organ transplantation is old and can be traced back to mythology. Even the practice of skin grafting is already over two thousand years old. Nevertheless, today we are perhaps only at the beginning of the phase of broad clinical realization of transplantation surgery. It became possible by accurate scientific working out of the basic immunological problems in this century. At the present time, between the possible organ and tissue transplantations a wide range from a high probability of success (eg cornea) to extensive lack of success (eg lung, small intestine) is to be seen. This is due particularly to the still unsolved immunological problems. Among the organ transplantations in the strict sense only renal transplants can be said to be the fully recognized clinical method of treatment today. PMID- 6785601 TI - [Development and future of islet cell transplantation (author's transl)]. AB - With islet cell transplantation it would be possible to achieve a generally improved treatment of diabetes mellitus and avoid late complications. Since the problems of preparation, conservation and implantation of the islet cells have been satisfactorily solved, it ought to be possible to master the immune reaction in the future. The successful progressive development of islet cell transplantation in recent years justifies this optimism. PMID- 6785602 TI - [Angioplasty in risk patients. Possibilities in advanced chronic arterial obstructive diseases (author's transl)]. AB - In vascular diseases in which standardized methods cannot be applied in spite of clear indication, operative treatment is problematic. In the meantime, "extra anatomic bypasses" have proved useful, being implantable also in patients with high operative risk. The surgical mortality in these patients is about 4% after implantation of an axillo-femoral bypass. The preoperative condition is improved by the extraanatomical bypass, a threatened extremity being retained in about 80%. The late results show a patency rate of 38% and are therefore far below those of the standardized procedure. The results of the femoro-femoral cross-over bypass are better here. The late results in this case with a patency rate of ca. 80% are only slightly worse than with the standard methods. The results of the "extrathoracal bypasses" with a patency rate after 5 years of 92% and a mortality of 0% is more favorable. This is the method of choice. PMID- 6785603 TI - [Epidemiology of nosocomial septicemia (author's transl)]. AB - During recent decades the incidence of nosocomial septicemia has considerably increased. From 1976--1980 on average 0.6% of 39, 802 prospectively analyzed hospital patients acquired septicemia. The risk of acquiring nosocomial septicemia in intensive care units is 10 times higher than in general wards. The risk is highest in medical and surgical intensive care units. Most common bacteria causing nosocomial septicemia were: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Nosocomial pneumonia, wound infections and venous catheter infections most often lead to septicemia. In half the patients with septicemia the infection either directly caused death or contributed to the death of the patient. The hospital costs for patients with septicemia are twice as high as for patients with the same underlying disease without septicemia. PMID- 6785604 TI - [Ideas for a model of individual wrist prostheses]. PMID- 6785605 TI - [Polyurethane support bandage Baycast. Alternative to the conventional support bandage]. PMID- 6785606 TI - [Phlebological forum. Part 9. Thrombosis prophylaxis]. PMID- 6785607 TI - [Postoperative hepatitis resulting from halothane?]. PMID- 6785608 TI - [General measures in the treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6785609 TI - [Conservative therapy of peripheral venous diseases]. PMID- 6785610 TI - [Current problems of diabetes]. PMID- 6785611 TI - [Exudative pleurisy in infectious mononucleosis (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of infectious mononucleosis with concomitant exudative pleurisy are reported. In two of the patients atypical lymphocytes were detected in the pleural punctate. The effusion was sterile in all three cases. Involvement of the pleura in the general lymphoproliferative process in infectious mononucleosis is discussed as a pathogenetic mechanism. PMID- 6785612 TI - [Hodgkin's disease. Results of diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The principles of modern diagnosis and therapy of lymphogranulomatosis are largely standardized today. Whereas the 50% probability survival rate in a group of patients diagnosed before 1970 was about 2 years, 23 out of 30 with standardized diagnosis and therapy have survived until now. Full remission was obtained in 21 of 30 patients. In spite of these encouraging results, the synopsis of the course of the disease shows that relapses and complications must be reckoned with in lymphogranulomatosis. Side effects of therapy may also acquire considerable clinical importance in the individual case. PMID- 6785613 TI - [Electrical carotid sinus nerve stimulation. Treatment of hypertension and coronary heart diseases]. PMID- 6785614 TI - [Ethical questions in trials in humans as seen by the biometrician (author's transl)]. AB - Ethical questions in trials in humans are particularly urgent today for many reasons. Basic concepts and recognized ethical requirements are presented. The role of medical statistics and planning of trials for ethical questions is discussed with the example of estimation of case numbers. Human suffering is kept as low as possible, the framework of thought for sophisticated ethical questions is first prepared by calculation, statistics contribute to the objectivation of facts and the obtaining of consent and open up new ethical problems. A check-list of questions that should be raised in a trial on humans and a compilation of the ethical problems to be expected nowadays are given. Theses on the ethics of human trials close the paper. PMID- 6785615 TI - [Prospective development of cancer mortality in the German Federal Republic (author's transl)]. AB - The absolute number of cancer deaths in males will rise considerably up to the year 2070 from about 76,000 per year in 1976 to an estimated 92,000 in 2070. The numbers will then fall to an extent which is dependent on the future birth rate. The absolute number of cancer deaths among females will remain at the present level until about the third decade of the next millenium and then fall variably depending on the development of the birth rate. The expected increase in cancer deaths among males with a rate of increase of up to 20% (!) is explained by the incipient change in the age structure of the German population alone and needs no reference to carcinogens in our environment. PMID- 6785616 TI - [Differential diagnosis - spondylitis ankylopoietica]. PMID- 6785617 TI - [Mammography: American recommendations overhauled]. PMID- 6785618 TI - [Comment the American Cancer Society recommendations. Early diagnosis of colorectal cancers: screening for patients at risk]. PMID- 6785619 TI - [Comment on the American Cancer Society recommendations. Preventive Problems of prevention from using the example of cervical cancer]. PMID- 6785620 TI - [Comment on The American Cancer Society recommendations. Cervix cancer: should preventive intervals be changed?]. PMID- 6785621 TI - [Surgical Therapy of stomach cancer]. PMID- 6785622 TI - [Prevention of adriamycin-induced alopecia]. PMID- 6785623 TI - [The predictability of the effect of antibiotics]. PMID- 6785624 TI - [Forum on hypertension. Part 2. Trends in hypertension therapy]. PMID- 6785625 TI - [Pregnancy and birth after jejunoileostomy because of adiposity (author's transl)]. AB - Five pregnancies in two patients after jejunoileal bypass because of adiposity are reported. One pregnancy ended with a spontaneous abortion of two dystrophic children one died postpartum after a pregnancy complicated by cholecystectomy, cholangitis and pancreatitis. The extent of postoperative weight loss acquires a certain importance in assessing the risk of dystrophy to the child. PMID- 6785626 TI - [Therapeutic comparison of throat lozenges (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of two commercially available throat lozenges (test preparation with lysozyme, papain and bacitracin as active ingredients, comparative preparation with a disinfectant only) has been tested under conditions of a randomized clinical study. Two groups of 50 patients each with the indications pharyngitis and/or tonsillitis, acute or subacute, have been compared under the conditions of an ENT-practice. The efficacy of the test preparation was established by the general amelioration evaluated by physician and patient and the symptoms reddening, swelling and coating of the throat, pain on swallowing and hoarseness, swelling and pain of lymph nodes. It is supposed that this superiority is due to the enzyme lysozyme and papain in the test preparation. PMID- 6785627 TI - [Clinical experience with fosfomycin in urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. AB - Fosfomycin, an antibiotic from a new class of substances, has a bactericidal action against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The efficacy of fosfomycin in urinary tract infections was investigated with a dose of 15 g/day. 52 urological patients with obstructive and non-obstructive infections of the urinary tract were accepted for the study. The therapeutic success was convincing: 91% of the pathogens were eliminated from the urine, the urine was free from organisms in 84% of the patients after the treatment. 93% were clinically symptomless. The effects against Pseudomonas was very good: 8 of 9 strains present were eliminated. Unpleasant gastrointestinal side effects occurred which were dependent on the rate of infusion and usually became tolerable at a slower rate. PMID- 6785628 TI - [Ernst von Bergmann. Retrospective on his life on the occasion of the dedication of the Medical Academy of Munich]. PMID- 6785629 TI - [Toxic shock syndrome in a 29-year-old patient]. PMID- 6785630 TI - [Anaphylactic shock after intravenous chloramphenicol]. PMID- 6785631 TI - [Polycystic degeneration (cystic kidneys and hepatic cysts)]. PMID- 6785632 TI - [Differential diagnosis - tetracycline induced respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6785633 TI - [Goals and means of psychiatric research (Emil Kraepelin)]. PMID- 6785634 TI - [Developmental trends in forensic psychiatry]. PMID- 6785635 TI - [Orthodoxy and schism in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - Whereas the numerous psychotherapy schools in the Freud tradition seem slightly ephemeral from the historical point of view, and whereas the intramural and extramural advocates of the philosophical, psychological psychosomatic and purely scientific aspects of psychiatry wage a constant war of competition for the recognition of their special fields and expansion of their power over others, Kraepelin's teaching, whose spirit has already survived two generations of psychiatrists, is even gaining recognition and power of persuasion. It is therefore termed orthodox, the others schismatic. The combination of an empirical phenomenology of psychiatric diseases with their biological roots places Kraepelin's psychiatry on a sure foundation which makes possible convention, uniform assessment of homologous cases, legal security in giving expert opinions and the clinical framework for experimental research. PMID- 6785636 TI - [The Munchner Klinik and Psychiatric Diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - The proposals for the classification of psychiatric disorders made at the Psychiatric Clinic of the University of Munich reflect the development of psychiatric nosology during this century. Kraepelin modified self-critically his classification several times and was attacked by his successor Bumke, who proposed a descriptive "Syndromlehre" but later initiated a period of acceptance of the concept of disease entities lasting until the beginning of the seventies, when the concept of multiaxial classifications came into wider discussion. PMID- 6785637 TI - [Appearance and frequency of mental diseases. Epidemiological investigations (author's transl)]. AB - After a survey of the earlier psychiatric epidemiological studies carried out in Munich, particularly the work of Brugger, three investigations carried out by the Munich Psychiatric Hospital in the last decade are described: a study to determine the administrative prevalence and incidence in the afflux area of the Gabersee District Hospital, an investigation to determine the frequency of psychic disorders among the patients of doctors in private practise and finally a field study which served to establish the true morbidity in the population. For mental disorders needing therapy a prevalence of 18.5% was found which is primarily based diagnostically on neurotic and psychosomatic diseases. To cover the need for treatment it is not proposed that specialist care should be extended but rather that the competence of the practising physician with regard to psychiatric diseases be considerably strengthened. PMID- 6785638 TI - [Quo usque tandem? Psychoanalytic aspects in the psychiatric clinic]. PMID- 6785639 TI - [From the beginnings of neurophysiology to the present]. PMID- 6785640 TI - [Neuroradiology in psychiatry (author's transl)]. AB - The various radiological problems in psychiatric hospitals are discussed. The patients in whom positive radiological findings are to be expected are described. The frequency of unexpected radiological findings which can be demonstrated in psychiatric patients with organic brain disease are emphasized. The equipment of radiology departments in psychiatric and regional hospitals is studied with regard to expediency and appropriate recommendations are made. PMID- 6785641 TI - [Electroconvulsive therapy in endogenous psychoses]. PMID- 6785643 TI - Failure of CT sharing in a large municipal hospital. AB - Harlem Hospital Center lacks computed tomography (CT) facilities. During 1979 it attempted to share the CT facilities of two other institutions. Retrospective analysis reveals that under this arrangement only a small percentage of Harlem patients needing CT obtained it. Among patients recommended for CT, 252 of 1528 without trauma and six of 342 with trauma received it. In some instances there were difficulties in moving patients between hospitals. If transportation had been optimal, however, the other hospitals, because of their own needs, would have been unable to provide Harlem Hospital with more than a third of the CT scans requested. Furthermore, even if unlimited opportunities for scanning had been available, patients whose need for CT seemed most urgent--the very ill- would have been unable to receive it; of 163 patients who died without receiving CT as recommended, 93 were too sick or deteriorating too rapidly to be moved to the CT facilities. We conclude that CT cannot be effectively shared by large acute-care hospitals. PMID- 6785642 TI - [Studies on stress in psychiatric patients (author's transl)]. AB - Starting from the consideration that the assumed disturbances of the limbic system in psychiatric patients must lead, among other things, to functional autonomic disorders, the physiological reactions of previously untreated depressive and schizophrenic patients to short-lasting experimental stress situations were compared with those of healthy subjects. Whereas the plasma catecholamine levels and the autonomic functions of healthy subjects were easily foreseeable and reacted adequately to the situation, the two groups of patients showed a high degree of general unspecific activation even, eg in resting situations, associated with a relatively slight reaction to stress situations. How far these findings are of significance in the clarification of therapeutic methods in those patients exposed to increased stress is discussed. PMID- 6785644 TI - Cost and efficacy of ambulatory versus inpatient care. PMID- 6785645 TI - Mucoid Escherichia coli in cystic fibrosis. AB - Patients with cystic fibrosis commonly harbor in their lungs strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that have a mucoid coating considered virtually pathognomonic for the disease. We found that strains of Escherichia coli with a morphologically similar mucoid coating were present in the respiratory tracts of eight (11.8 per cent) of 68 patients with cystic fibrosis whose sputum cultures yielded Esch. coli, as compared with none of 89 patients without cystic fibrosis who had Esch. coli in sputum. Mucoid strains of Esch. coli were also recovered from the stools of five (11.1 per cent) of 45 patients with cystic fibrosis, as compared with one (0.7 per cent) of 150 patients without cystic fibrosis. The mucoid substances purified from Esch. coli were biochemically and antigenically distinct from those of P. aeruginosa. We conclude that the respiratory tract in cystic fibrosis offers an environment conducive to the production of a mucoid coating not only by P. aeruginosa but by other gram-negative bacilli as well. PMID- 6785646 TI - Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the initial lesion. PMID- 6785647 TI - The coming challenge to American physicians. PMID- 6785648 TI - Cost effectiveness of clinical diagnosis, venography, and noninvasive testing in patients with symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis. AB - Until the past decade, physicians were content to base therapeutic decisions on the clinical diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis. Subsequently, numerous studies demonstrated that clinical diagnosis of this condition is nonspecific. Although many now use objective methods to diagnose venous thrombosis, their relative cost and effectiveness have not been adequately studied. We performed a cost effectiveness analysis of 516 patients with clinically suspected venous thrombosis who were evaluated by clinical diagnosis, venography, and the less invasive combination of impedance plethysmography and leg scanning. We used this analysis to rank these alternative approaches in terms of both cost and effectiveness. The results indicate that clinical diagnosis is cost ineffective. Venography is cost effective--more so when applied as an outpatient investigation. Impedance plethysmography plus leg scanning is a practical, less invasive alternative to outpatient venography. The cost of inpatient diagnosis is likely to remain the major cost; thus, emphasis should be placed on outpatient diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6785650 TI - Sounding boards. The UCR boondoggle: a death knell for private practice? PMID- 6785651 TI - Problems with the potency of factor VIII concentrate. PMID- 6785649 TI - The antigenic characteristics of hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6785652 TI - Fortuitous oxidations by methane-utilizing bacteria. PMID- 6785653 TI - Genes of lymphocytes II: T-cell receptors, idiotypes and the MHC. PMID- 6785654 TI - Induction of anti-H-2 antibodies without alloantigen exposure by in vivo administration of anti-idiotype. PMID- 6785655 TI - Intermediate filaments in 3T3 cells collapse after intracellular injection of a monoclonal anti-intermediate filament antibody. PMID- 6785656 TI - Synthesis and secretion of mouse immunoglobulin chains from Xenopus oocytes. PMID- 6785657 TI - [Cost benefit analysis and preventive screening]. PMID- 6785658 TI - [Methodology of rCBF measurement by positron emission tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785659 TI - Antidepressants and serotonin neurons of the raphe. AB - Reserpine + nialamid administration to the rat induces a strong yellow fluorescence of the neuronal bodies of the raphe, due to serotonin (5-HT) accumulation. Under these conditions, administration of clomipramine (an antidepressant drug acting preferentially on 5-HT-mediated neurons) induces a decrease of intraneuronal fluorescence and its interneuronal diffusion. On this pattern we administered new antidepressant drugs which act on 5-HT neurons in a much more intensive way than clomipramine (fluvoxamine, clovoxamine, LM 5008, citalopram, Ro 11-2465). To varying degrees, we observed in the raphe, in addition to a decrease in intraneuronal fluorescence and interneuronal diffusion, the presence of a yellow fluorescence in capillary walls. It seems that under these antidepressants, 5-HT, which is outside neuronal bodies because of uptake blockade, is partly caught by the capillary walls. In these walls rich in monoamine oxydase, 5-HT would be catabolized, 5HIAA dispersed in the blood and thus, this 'capillary effect' could correspond to a loss of 5-HT in the raphe. Antidepressant drugs preferentially acting upon noradrenaline (NA) neurons do not, in this model, induce analogous phenomena in NA cell bodies of the locus coeruleus. So the 'capillary effect' differentiates antidepressant drugs acting specifically on 5-HT or NA neurons. It may be considered together with other parameters which also indicate asymmetries on the modes of action of antidepressant drugs, such as effects on monoamine turnover (increase for NA and decrease for 5-HT) and on receptor sensitivity (decrease for NA and increase for 5-HT). PMID- 6785660 TI - Estimation of lithium dose requirement by lithium clearance, serum lithium and saliva lithium following a loading dose of lithium carbonate. AB - Renal lithium clearance and the serum lithium levels following a single oral loading dose of lithium were used as measures to predict lithium dose requirement during long-term maintenance at 3 different psychiatric centers in North America. Saliva lithium values were also investigated at one of the centers. The correlation between lithium clearance and the 17-hour serum lithium level, and subsequent dosage was high; the mean correlation co-efficient from the 3 centers being 0.84 for renal lithium clearance and 0.75 for both the 17-hour and 10-hour serum lithium levels. These tests can therefore be recommended as a guide to estimate lithium dose requirement in patients starting lithium maintenance treatment although absolute reliance should not be placed on the prediction formulae obtained. The correlation between saliva lithium and eventual dosage was poor and of little predictive value. PMID- 6785661 TI - Motor deficits after left or right hemisphere damage due to stroke or tumor. PMID- 6785662 TI - A clinical and electrophysiological evaluation of myoclonus. AB - The records of 23 consecutive patients with myoclonus who were seen during a 16 month period were analyzed prospectively. The patients were divided into two groups: epileptic and nonepileptic. The epileptic patients had focal and stimulus elicitable myoclonus with enlarged somatosensory evoked potentials and enhanced long-loop reflexes, and they responded well to anticonvulsants, especially clonazepam and valproic acid. The nonepileptic group had massive and spontaneous jerks with normal-sized somatosensory evoked potentials and long-loop reflexes, and they responded poorly to anticonvulsants. Evaluation of these clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics can help in the classification of obscure movement disorders and in predicting responses to therapy. PMID- 6785664 TI - Toxic reactions with valproic acid therapy. PMID- 6785663 TI - Oligoclonal immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in acute cerebrovascular disease. AB - Oligoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) bands were found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by agarose gel electrophoresis and thin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing in 10 patients with cerebral infarction and 2 patients with transient ischemic attacks. Immunofixation revealed that the oligoclonal Ig was of the G class. One patient also had a band of free lambda light chains. The appearance of oligoclonal IgG during the course disease was observed in one patient, and the disappearance in six patients. Only three patients had elevated CSF IgG levels or abnormal synthesis rate of IgG in the nervous system. The oligoclonal reaction observed in acute cerebrovascular disease may reflect a polyclonal B-cell activation within the central nervous system after brain tissue damage. PMID- 6785665 TI - HMOs, competition, and the politics of minimum benefits. AB - Attempts to inject "competition" into the market for health-care financing have been inextricably linked to the fate of the HMO movement. But the track record of HMOs to date offers no compelling evidence that all other types of competitors should be barred from the race, and a new Congress is likely to be more critical of optimal "second-best" solutions than were its recent predecessors. An accommodation to some constraints may be the best public protection against the "minimum benefit" politics of special interests. PMID- 6785666 TI - The market vs. regulation: the case for regulation. PMID- 6785667 TI - [Correction of the primary and secondary risk factors in coronary dis]. PMID- 6785668 TI - [Parenteral or enteral feeding in intensive therapy?]. AB - Attention is first called to the reasons underlying resort to hyperalimentation. Difficulties and complications for both parenteral and enteral techniques are then indicated. Stress is laid on the importance of reassessing the enteral route and the commonest formulas are indicated on the basis of the literature and personal experience. Finally, a procedure for artificial enteral feeding providing for the use of the precooked foods used in infancy is described. PMID- 6785669 TI - [Drug therapy and enteral hyperalimentation in the prevention of stress ulcer in intensive therapy]. AB - Stress ulcer is one of the risks to which patients undergoing intensive therapy are exposed. In an attempt to gain further knowledge on the ways and means of preventing this complication, a comparison was made of a selective treatment using drugs with a specific action on the gastric mucosa in a series of 20 cases. The clinical course was compared with that observed in 20 untreated patients. Drug management was associated with continuous and constant enteral alimentation to keep the activity of the digestive apparatus as physiological as possible. PMID- 6785670 TI - [3 cases of diverticulum of the 4th duodenal segment]. AB - Three cases of diverticulum of the IV duodenal portion are presented. The Authors, after having summarized the general features of the duodenal diverticula, remembered the rareness of the ones of its fourth portion, describe the clinical cases and conclude synthetizing the main indications to this type of surgery: complicated diverticula, certainly symptomatic diverticula, of great size diverticula. PMID- 6785671 TI - [Intestinal occlusion caused by diverticulosis of the ileum]. PMID- 6785672 TI - [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of cefoxitin]. AB - An investigation conducted on healthy volunteers showed that cefoxitin quickly reaches high plasma concentrations, and is almost completely excreted via the urine within 6 hours. In a series of 21 cases treated with 2 g i.v. in 100 ml of a 5% glucose solution two or three times a day, a clinical cure was achieved in 20, and marked improvement in the remaining patient. PMID- 6785674 TI - Effects of intracellular injections of chloride and EGTA on postepileptiform burst hyperpolarizations in hippocampal neurons. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from CA1 neurons of hippocampal slices maintained in vitro. Epileptiform activity was induced by bath application of either penicillin (3.4 mM) or picrotoxin (5 X 10(-4) M). The afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) following evoked epileptiform events induced by penicillin were inverted by diffusion of chloride ions from KCl electrodes but were insensitive to injection of EGTA. Picrotoxin produced epileptiform events qualitatively similar to those seen with penicillin, but the AHPs were reduced or abolished by injection of EGTA and were chloride insensitive. AHPs that were evoked directly by depolarizing-current pulses when penicillin or picrotoxin was present were sensitive to EGTA. These results indicate that hippocampal CA1 neurons are capable of generating two types of hyperpolarizing events and that penicillin is apparently ineffective in completely blocking the chloride-mediated event. PMID- 6785673 TI - [Thyroid function in chronic uremia patients undergoing periodic hemodialysis treatment]. PMID- 6785675 TI - Apomorphine-induced circling behaviour in hamsters following unilateral injection of scrapie gent in the striatum. AB - Twenty golden hamsters received a microinjection of scrapie agent into the left striatum. At different times after inoculation animals were injected intraperitoneally with apomorphine, a direct dopamine receptor agonist. Two types of effects developed simultaneously, starting at about 80 days after infection. First, apomorphine induced a rotational behaviour which showed a progressive destruction of the striatal neurones at the site of injection. This suggest a local spread of scrapie agent by cell to cell transfer in the striatum. Secondly, the clinical signs of scrapie developed, indicating a more widespread distribution of agent throughout the brain. PMID- 6785676 TI - Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone injections into different loci of rat brain on core temperature. AB - Intracerebral administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (0.625--80 micrograms) induces moderate hyperthermia in Sprague--Dawley rats. The effect is more pronounced in the medical preoptic nucleus than in the lateral preoptic nucleus, n. accumbens, lateral ventricle and other regions. It lasts longer, however, in the n. accumbens. There is no effect in the stria terminalis. Hyperthermia is probably of central origin since intraperitoneal administration (20--80 mg/kg) under the same conditions has no clear effect. PMID- 6785677 TI - Congressional Personalities. PMID- 6785678 TI - Giant vesical diverticulum without lower urinary obstruction. PMID- 6785679 TI - Management of renal carcinoma. PMID- 6785681 TI - A cost-effective alternative to weighted equipment. PMID- 6785680 TI - Clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with primary amenorrhea. AB - Sixty-two patients with primary amenorrhea were retrospectively categorized into 4 groups: 1) breast development absent and uterus present (29 patients), 2) breast development present and uterus absent (9 patients), 3) both breast development and uterus absent (2 patients), and 4) both breast development and uterus present (22 patients). Patients in category 1 were diagnosed as having hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (low or normal follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]) or gonadal dysgenesis (elevated FSH). Patients in category 2 were diagnosed as having congenital absence of the uterus (female range testosterone [T] or testicular feminization [male range T]). In the 2 patients in category 3, a 46,XY karyotype occurred with an enzyme defect (17,20 desmolase) in 1 and the other had agonadism. In category 4, 5 patients with elevated prolactin and a pituitary adenoma were identified. The remaining 17 patients were divided into 2 groups based on progesterone withdrawal bleeding. Patients who had withdrawal bleeding and had elevated luteinizing hormone level were diagnosed as having polycystic ovaries and patients with normal gonadotropins as having hypothalamic dysfunction. Patients who did not bleed were diagnosed as having hypothalamic failure (normal or low FSH) or primary ovarian failure (elevated FSH). This study demonstrates that it is possible to classify patients with primary amenorrhea into 4 useful diagnostic categories based on physical examination and a minimal laboratory investigation. PMID- 6785683 TI - Retrospective utilization review as a focused method of evaluation. AB - Retrospective UR may be the method of choice if, in general, a problem is best addressed through a sampling of completed records. Note that this type of review is currently different from a patient care evaluation or audit. Such studies usually compare optimum standards of care for a diagnosis with the actual care delivered to patients as documented in their records. Retrospective UR, however, may be used to focus on a problem in the delivery of care that has previously been identified. As such, it can be an effective component of a total quality assurance program. PMID- 6785682 TI - Determination of the physicochemical and microbiological quality of carcass, bone and blood meal. AB - The pH value and the moisture, fat and protein content of abattoir by-products which are commercially available in the Republic of South Africa were examined, and the total bacterial count and the extent of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, yeast and fungus contamination were determined. The extremes and reasonably attainable quality standards were deduced from the highest frequency and mean values of these figures. The total bacterial count was not statistically predictable from variables such as pH, moisture, protein and fat, but was found to be related to the combined effect of all 4 independent variables. PMID- 6785684 TI - A region-wide quality of care monitoring and problem delineation plan. PMID- 6785685 TI - Reducing length of stay provides key to improvement in Veterans Administration Medical Center. AB - Concerted resolve and coordinated planning on the part of both administrative and patient care staff at the medical center made it possible to treat more patients in fewer beds than ever before and to improve the core staffing ratio at the same time. Staffing was enhanced and new programs were developed using available resources. Reduction of the average LOS for patients throughout the medical center was a primary factor in these achievements. In addition, formal quality assurance activities were strengthened; with careful planning and increased funding, the renovation of facilities and purchase of new equipment was also possible, thus making the improvement project comprehensive. These changes have had a major, beneficial impact on the delivery of health care a the Dublin Veterans Administration Medical Center. PMID- 6785686 TI - The nurse's role in informed consent. AB - Only by having complete information about health problems and treatment can the patient exercise the right to free choice in determining what care is acceptable. The nurse, whether in the role of care giver or acting as patient advocate, can help to ensure that patients receive quality care by explaining medical and nursing procedures. Problem areas in informed consent may exist for both patients and staff, and these issues can be identified and corrected through quality assurance activities. When patients are properly informed about the medical and nursing treatments planned for them and when the continuance of adequate procedures for imparting information is assured through quality assurance mechanisms, then it can be said that true consent, rather than mere compliance, is being obtained. PMID- 6785687 TI - Surgical case review: rationale and methods. AB - Review of all surgical cases is necessary to ensure the proper utilization of surgical treatment. The review process may be simplified by the adoption of indicator criteria which can be used by a designated individual (in some instances, a nonphysician) to screen cases. When carried out carefully and critically, this type of screening surveillance should yield those cases that warrant a serious review by the committee and thus can afford reasonable assurance that surgical services are utilized appropriately. Because the use of indicator criteria to screen procedures for which surgical indications are still evolutionary and controversial may be unwise and unduly provocative, a policy of individual case review should probably be retained for these cases. PMID- 6785688 TI - Length of stay variations: a focused review. PMID- 6785689 TI - A three-part approach to quality assurance in nursing. PMID- 6785690 TI - Developing scaled outcome criteria for a target patient population. PMID- 6785691 TI - Representing the patient: a Canadian hospital's approach. PMID- 6785692 TI - Evaluating the process of nursing care in long term care facilities. PMID- 6785693 TI - Research and evaluation: an overview. AB - Three characteristics may be considered to distinguish research from evaluation. The focus of inquiry in evaluation tends to be on decisions; whereas in research, the focus of inquiry is on conclusions. Research tends to produce generalizable results more often than does evaluation. Finally, the focus of judgment in evaluation is on worth, whereas in research the focus is on truth. (See Table 1, page 34, for a summary list of characteristics and their place in both research and evaluation.) Evaluators thus tend to focus on setting, politics, audience, and the decision-making process. Researchers, on the other hand, focus more on methodological rigor, replication, and theory-building. As an evaluation activity tends to adopt research characteristics, such as the scientific method of random selection of subjects, the nature of this activity may be more appropriately labeled evaluative research. PMID- 6785694 TI - Community Health Care: assuring the quality of preventive care. PMID- 6785696 TI - Instructional considerations for CME program planners. PMID- 6785695 TI - Centralized continuing education programs: assessing interdisciplinary learning needs. AB - Centralized educational programs offer the potential of cost savings to hospitals and also ensure that important topics of concern to all disciplines are discussed on a hospitalwide basis. Yet the precision of a hospitalwide needs assessment relates directly to the sensitivity of the assessment procedure and its ability to analyze the perceived learning needs of the professional staff. To organize and rank learning needs, HERC staff at Schwab Rehabilitation Hospital first created a universe of all perceived learning needs, which was accomplished through interviews with each staff member. After the universe was created, needs were refined and clustered, and a short list of ten institutional needs was identified. Needs were ranked by importance to individuals and to departments, and the reliability of respondents' perceptions was tested using statistical analyses. As a result, a list of common priorities was obtained. This needs assessment approach is used annually at Schwab Rehabilitation Hospital. PMID- 6785697 TI - Appropriate utilization of bronchial hygiene therapy: development and evaluation of a cost-effective respiratory therapy program. PMID- 6785698 TI - More than chart review: a new problem-oriented nursing quality assurance program. PMID- 6785699 TI - Relating continuing education and quality assurance activities. PMID- 6785700 TI - Thoughts on continuing medical education: a conversation with three CME experts. Interview by Cheryl Tabatabai and Jane M. Hearle. PMID- 6785701 TI - A quality assurance study of the barium enema: report from a hospital in The Netherlands. PMID- 6785702 TI - The Swedish Adverse Drug Reaction Committee: an important tool for safer drug therapy. PMID- 6785703 TI - Professional review in Australia. PMID- 6785704 TI - Quality assurance--panacea or Trojan horse? Comments from a British physician. PMID- 6785705 TI - Quality assurance--an Israeli point of view. PMID- 6785706 TI - [Posttraumatic changes in the osteoarticular apparatus of the extremities in vertebrospinal injuries]. PMID- 6785707 TI - [Gas exchange, central hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in patients with injuries of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6785708 TI - Assessing the value of mass screening for coronary risks. PMID- 6785709 TI - Isolation and characterization of polysomes from Trypanosoma brucei. AB - The isolation of polysomes in bulk from bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei is described. The polysomes are active in in vitro protein synthesis in the presence or absence of initiation inhibitors. Nascent variant surface antigen (VSA) has been detected on these polysomes using purified radio-iodinated antibody. EDTA-induced ribosomal sub-units and their large rRNA's are characterized. The 26S rRNA is nicked to produce 2 molecules which are both smaller than the 19S rRNA of the small sub-unit which is larger than that found in the majority of eukaryotic small sub-units. PMID- 6785711 TI - Management of the child after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6785710 TI - [The child's intestinal ecosystem: effect of colistin (author's transl)]. AB - A differential quantitative study of the fecal flora was used to appreciated the intestinal bacterial flora of 41 hospitalized children, with no infection and receiving no antibiotic treatment. Thus, it was possible to establish the bacterial normal profile of intestinal of hospitalized child. Because of the stability of the fecal flora in those controls, it was possible to study the effect of colistin on the intestinal ecosystem, in 21 children. Colistin per os, with intestinal nutrition and colistin IM in combination with gentamicin IM did not have any quantitative or qualitative effect on fecal flora. Colistin per os, with exclusive parenteral nutrition caused by disappearance of sensitive strains and their replacement by resistant organisms; this was followed by secondary septicaemia. This fact being a very high infectious risk, it leads us to abstain from administering colistin per os, when the intestine does not receive any food. PMID- 6785712 TI - Tuberculosis presenting as an orbital mass. AB - A 15-year-old male adolescent underwent surgical exploration for a mass lesion of the left orbit. Orbital and pulmonary tuberculosis were postoperatively diagnosed on the basis of radiologic and histopathologic findings, a positive tuberculin skin test reaction, and positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This case emphasizes the point that tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital masses. PMID- 6785713 TI - Meningococcal meningitis in familial deficiency of the fifth component of complement. AB - Absence of the fifth component of complement (C5) by immunochemical assay and marked deficiency by hemolytic assay (less than 0.1%) was found in a family in which the oldest male child had suffered severe and recurrent meningococcemia at age 15 years, two brothers developed meningococcal meningitis four years later (at ages 18 and 14 years), and a sister had the gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome. Although group-specific meningococcal antibody was present in the sera from all four siblings, serum bactericidal activity against Neisseria meningitidis could be demonstrated only in the presence of exogenous rabbit complement. Serum total hemolytic complement activity was undetectable in all four, but was restored to normal by the addition of purified C5. Subsequently, a second episode of group Y meningococcal meningitis was experienced by one brother and presumed gonococcal arthritis-dermatitis syndrome recurred in the sister. The family is the largest C5-deficient kindred to be reported and emphasizes the importance of C5 in host susceptibility to invasive Neisseria infections. In contrast to the peak incidence of N meningitidis disease in the general population in the first year of life, age of onset of meningococcal infection in these patients and in the 13 previously reported patients with terminal complement component deficiency has usually been in adolescence and early adulthood. PMID- 6785714 TI - [Value of continuous flow enteral feeding in severe non-surgical digestive forms of rheumatoid purpura in children. Apropos of 5 cases]. PMID- 6785715 TI - Correlation of Frostig visual perception scores and verbal IQs among epileptic children. AB - In a large study of the visual-perceptual deficits of epileptic children both Frostig's Developmental Test of Visual Perception and the verbal part of the German version of the WISC were administered. All WISC subtests correlated significantly with the Frostig Perceptual Quotients. Verbal IQs correlated significantly with scaled scores of all the Frostig subtests. From the results of this pilot study it was suggested that intellectual abilities of epileptic children as measured by the verbal WISC and visual perception as measured by the Frostig are both influenced by the same contingencies. PMID- 6785716 TI - Organochlorine pollutants in small cetaceans from the Pacific and south Atlantic Oceans, November 1968-June 1976. AB - Organochlorine residues were analyzed in blubber, brain, or muscle tissues of 69 individuals representing 10 species of small cetaceans. Collections were made from November 1968 through June 1976 at localities in the Eastern Tropical Pacific and along the coasts of California, Hawaii, Japan, and Uruguay, Relations of residue concentrations between tissues are described for DDE and PCBs in two dolphin species. sigma DDT and PCB residues in blubber of most of the 19 individuals of the five southern California species sampled exceed concentrations that are associated with reproductive impairment in pinnipeds, although the nature of such associations is not well defined. The sigma DDT residue of 2,695 ppm in blubber of one California coastal Tursiops truncatus is one of the highest concentrations reported in tissues of members of any population of wild mammals. Except for one rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis) from Maui, Hawaii, all individuals from all localities surveyed were contaminated with organochlorine compounds. Seventeen different organochlorines were detected; greatest diversity occurred near Japan and California. This is the first report of several of these compounds in tissues of any species of marine mammals. The o,p'-isomers and metabolites of DDT were detected unusually frequently. Ratios of p,p'-DDT to p,p' DDE in blubber of cetaceans from waters off countries where use of this pesticide has been relatively recent and ongoing were at least an order of magnitude higher than in cetaceans from United States waters. PMID- 6785717 TI - Significance of organochlorine and heavy metal residues in wintering shorebirds at Corpus Christi, Texas, 1976-77. AB - Organochlorine and heavy metal residues were determined in 103 shorebirds of seven species collected at Corpus Christi, Texas, during the winter of 1976-77 to evaluate their potential effects on population survival, DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected in most samples. Chlordane isomers, dieldrin, toxaphene, and heptachlor epoxide also occurred, but less frequently. In general, organochlorine residues were low in skinned carcasses. Geometric means on a wet weight basis ranged from 0.25 ppm to 4.76 ppm for DDE and from 0.67 ppm to 6.64 ppm for PCBs; residues of the other compounds averaged less than 1 ppm in all instances. Mercury, lead, arsenic and vanadium occurred in all shorebird livers, and selenium and cadmium were detected in all kidneys. Residues of these metals, except selenium, were low in most tissue samples. Selenium averages varied from 1.77 ppm to 5.62 ppm (wet weight) in kidneys; residues in this range may be sufficient to inhibit reproduction or to induce other forms of toxicity, especially at the higher levels. PMID- 6785718 TI - Peripheral markers of thyroid status unaffected by endurance training in rats. AB - In order to more clearly define the relationship between endurance exercise training and thyroid activity we have measured T4 turnover in exercise-trained and sedentary rats under conditions of controlled food intake and body weight. Rats were run on rodent treadmills at gradually increasing speeds and durations until at the end of 12 weeks they were running 2 h per day at 31 m/min. Sedentary rats were either allowed to eat ad libitum or were food restricted so that they gained weight at the same rate as controls. Relative heart weight and plantaris citrate synthase activity were both significantly increased in trained animals compared to controls. The thyroxine secretion and degradation rates were not affected by the training. In addition, liver mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase were measured as indicators of the thyroid state at the tissue level. Neither of these enzymes were increased in the trained rats. We conclude that increased thyroid activity is not essential for inducing and maintaining the adaptations in muscle mitochondrial enzymes which occur in response to prolonged endurance exercise training. PMID- 6785719 TI - pH aspects of transient changes in conduction velocity in isolated heart fibers after partial replacement of chloride with organic anions. AB - Conduction velocity in isolated rabbit atrial fibers was continuously measured in solutions having a different anionic composition. When 20mmol/l of chloride was replaced by 20 mmol/l lactate or other anions of weak organic acids at constant pH 6.8, biphasic initial transient changes in conduction velocity were observed. The produced transient changes had a greater amplitude with organic acids which have a greater pK and lipid/water partition ratio. The magnitude of the transients was also greater at pH 6.8 than at pH 7.5, and also when the buffering capacity of the superfusion solution was smaller. Measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) in sheep Purkinje fibers and of pH at the surface (pHs) of sheep Purkinje and rabbit atrial fibers with pH sensitive microelectrodes, showed a transient increase of pH and a sustained decrease of pHi on replacement of 20mmol/l chloride by organic anions of weak acids (at constant pH of the superfusion solution). A combined influence of the transient pHs change and the sustained pHi modification seems to be important in the explanation of the biphasic changes in conduction velocity. PMID- 6785720 TI - Reflex effects on human breathing of breath-by-breath changes of the time profile of alveolar PCO2 during steady hypoxia. AB - The respiratory effects of forced changes of alveolar PCO2 were studied in four healthy human subjects and in one anaesthetized cat. Solenoid valves, triggered by changes in mouth pressure, allowed changes from one inspiratory gas mixture to another, either during expiration (between-breath changes, BBC) or in the middle of inspiration (within-breath changes, WBC). In BBC the subject breathed CO2-free gas in one inspiration, CO2-rich gas in the next, and so on; end-tidal PCO2 alternated regularly from breath to breath by 1.1 kPa. In WBC CO2-free gas was given early in one inspiration and late in the next, with CO2-rich gas late in the former and early in the latter, and so on end-tidal PCO2 was nearly constant from breath to breath. Eight respiratory output variables were analysed. WBC induced small but significant alternation in most of the variables; these effects occurred almost exclusively in runs in hypoxia. The responses were not very different from those seen in BBC. The experiment on the cat showed that the alveolar PCO2 changes predicted during WBC are reflected by changes in pH in the arterial blood. The results confirm predictions based upon observations in the steady state of tube- and reversed-tube breathing in man. It seems likely that the responses are mediated by the arterial chemoreceptors responding to small changes in the profile of the (CO2, H+) oscillation. PMID- 6785721 TI - [Comparative study of quantitative changes in serum proteins in human pathology (author's transl)]. AB - Five proteins (albumin, orosomucoid, IgG, IgM and IgA) were assayed by simple radial immunodiffusion method in the sera of 345 healthy subjects and 5 000 patients suffering from some 200 different diseases. The results were analyzed by computer, and from concomitant changes in individual protein levels it was possible to divide the subjects into eleven groups, each group having a distinctive protein profile. These profiles are characteristic of either a disease (e.g. group VI for virus hepatitis, group VII for trypanosomiasis) or of a physiopathological process (e.g. group II for inflammation, group V for liver damage, group VIII for hypogammaglobulinaemia due to anabolic deficiency and group IX for the same condition due to passage of serum proteins into the extravascular compartment), or they have a prognostic value (e.g. group I). PMID- 6785722 TI - [A nephrotoxic combination: mannitol and furosemide]. PMID- 6785723 TI - [Hypovolaemic shock due to increased capillary permeability (author's transl)]. AB - In a 69-year-old man admitted to hospital for shock with symptoms suggesting acute cor pulmonale, laboratory tests showed low proteinaemia associated with haemoconcentration. Vascular filling led to recovery, but the condition relapsed 6 months later, heralded by weight increase, swelling of the face and profuse swelling; the patient again recovered. On this last occasion, a monoclonal peak of IgG kappa thought to have antibody activity was discovered. These attacks of hypovolaemic shock seem to be due to sudden increases in capillary permeability. PMID- 6785724 TI - DNA sequence of the constant gene region of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa chain. AB - The constant (C; ref. 3) gene segment of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain and about 1 kb upstream as well as downstream of the segment have been sequenced. The sequences of the C gene segment itself and parts of the upstream region were determined both in liver and in myeloma T DNA clones derived from the same mouse inbred strain. The sequences were identical, i.e. no somatic mutations were detected. Two sites in the region not coding for protein are discussed as possible targets of aberrant variable (V) gene translocations. Doublet frequencies were calculated in the approx. 2500 bp of the C region sequence reported in this paper and in the approx. 3400 bp of two rearranged V gene regions. PMID- 6785726 TI - Conformational analysis of a modified ribotetranucleoside triphosphate: m6(2)A-U m6(2)A-U studied in aqueous solution by nuclear magnetic resonance at 500 MHz. AB - The complete and unequivocal assignment of the 24 ribose proton signals of m6(2)A(1)-U(2)-m6(2)(3)-U(4) by means of 500 MHz NMR spectroscopy at 17 degrees C is given. this assignment is based on scrupulous decoupling experiments carries out at various temperatures. Analysis of the observed chemical shifts and coupling constants of the tetramer shows that the two fragments -m6(2)A(3)-U(4) comprising the 3'-end occur mainly in the classical right-handed stack conformation, whereas the 5'-end the -U(2)- residue appears bulged out in favour of a less well-defined stacking interaction between the bases m6(2)A(1)-and m6(2)A(3)-. Conformational populations about each of the torsional degrees of freedom along the backbone are discussed. A modernized version of pseudorotation analysis is used to delineate the conformational behaviour of the four ribose rings. PMID- 6785725 TI - Three-state models of furanose pseudorotation. AB - A general procedure is described to treat the pseudorotation of the furanose ring in terms of a three-state conformational equilibrium. In addition to the principal n (C3'-endo) and s (C2'-endo) puckering domains, the unusual e (01' endo) intermediate is included in the analysis. Each of these three conformational categories is represented by a blend of five closely related puckered forms rather than by a single rotational isomeric state. Using this model together with experimentally measured nmr coupling constants, the puckering populations of various nucleic acid analogs are estimated. The conventional two state n/s equilibria is confirmed in ordinary ribose and deoxyribose systems. The e domain, however, is found to be of major importance in several chemically modified furanoses including certain pyrimidine deoxynucleosides damaged by radiation and various nucleosides and nucleotides forced by bulky substituents on the base into unusual syn glycosyl arrangements. The "free" pseudorotation of these modified systems is not detected by conventional two-state puckering analyses. PMID- 6785727 TI - Phylogenetic tree derived from bacterial, cytosol and organelle 5S rRNA sequences. AB - A phylogenetic tree was constructed by computer analysis of 47 completely determined 5S rRNA sequences. The wheat mitochondrial sequence is significantly more related to prokaryotic than to eukaryotic sequences, and its affinity to that of the thermophilic Gram-negative bacterium Thermus aquaticus is comparable to the affinity between Anacystis nidulans and chloroplastic sequences. This strongly supports the idea of an endosymbiotic origin of plant mitochondria. A comparison of the plant cytosol and chloroplast sub-trees suggests a similar rate of nucleotide substitution in nuclear genes and chloroplastic genes. Other features of the tree are a common precursor of protozoa and metazoa, which appears to be more related to the fungal than to the plant protosequence, and an early divergence of the archebacterial sequence (Halobacterium cutirubrum) from the prokaryotic branch. PMID- 6785728 TI - Heterogeneity of the 5' terminus of hen ovalbumin messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - The 5'-terminal sequence of hen ovalbumin mRNA was investigated using a novel labeling method. Ovalbumin mRNA was purified by hybridization to complementary DNA coupled to cellulose. The mRNA thus purified was shown to be 97.9% pure by hybridization with plasmid DNA containing sequences to the messengers coding for conalbumin and ovomucoid, the next two most abundant messengers of oviduct. After digestion with RNase T1 and alkaline phosphatase, 5'-terminal capped oligonucleotides were selected by binding to anti-m7G-Sepharose. These were then labeled using RNA ligase and [5'-32P]pCp, separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and sequenced by partial digestion with base-specific ribonucleases. A nested set of three capped oligonucleotides was identified. Their structures and relative abundances were m7GpppAUACAG, 3% m7GpppACAUACAG, 61+; and m7GpppGUACAUACAG, 36%. PMID- 6785729 TI - An instrument for assessing and classifying patient by type of care. PMID- 6785730 TI - Effect of central injection of bradykinin and bradykinin potentiating factor upon release of anterior pituitary hormones in ovariectomized female rats. AB - The effects of third ventricular (IVT) injection of 25 micrograms of bradykinin (BK) upon plasma levels of LH, FSH, TSH, GH and prolactin were investigated in conscious ovariectomized female rats bearing indwelling jugular cannulae. Some animals were pretreated with bradykinin potentiating factor (BPF). Intravenous administration of BK had no effect upon hormone levels. IVT injection of BK significantly depressed plasma prolactin levels at 15 and 30 min post-drug, with levels returning to control values by 60 in. Pretreatment of animals with BPF (75 micrograms/3 microliter) prolonged the prolactin suppression induced by BK for up to two hours. Plasma LH, FSH, TSH and GH levels in BK-rats were not significantly different from those of saline-injected animals at any time point measured. Neither BPF alone nor in conjunction with BK had any effects upon plasma levels of TSH; however, BK plus BPF suppressed FSH concentrations at 75 min post-BPF, while BPF alone appeared to increase GH levels at 45 min. In vitro incubation of hemipituitaries with 0.083, 0.83 or 8.33 microgram/ml BK had no effect upon the release of LH, TSH or prolactin compared to control values. However, the secretion of GH and FSH was suppressed by the lowest dose of BK tested. These results suggest that BK may play a physiological inhibitory role in the regulation of prolactin, which can be augmented by preventing its degradation, i.e. via BPF. The effect of the peptide seems to be mediated by the CNS since neither intravenous injection of BK nor in vitro incubation of pituitaries with the peptide modified prolactin release. be augmented by preventing its degradation, i.e. via BPF. The effect of the peptide seems to be mediated by the CNS since neither intravenous injection of BK nor in vitro incubation of pituitaries with the peptide modified prolactin release. PMID- 6785731 TI - Depression: diagnosis and treatment with tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Recognition of depression as a psychobiologic disorder, its division into categories more descriptive than "endogenous" and "reactive," and use of certain laboratory tests in suspected major (primary) depression have led to increased accuracy of diagnosis. An episode of major depression now can be readily identified by conformance to descriptive criteria, can be confirmed by results of neurophysiologic testing, and can be treated with a tricyclic antidepressant and psychotherapy. PMID- 6785732 TI - Gonococcal arthritis in a 4-year-old girl. PMID- 6785733 TI - Factors influencing methionine toxicity in young bobwhite quail. AB - Young Bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were fed low and adequate protein purified diets with and without excess methionine to evaluate factors affecting methionine toxicity. Growth of quail fed an adequate protein (27%) diet, without supplemental glycine, was depressed by 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine. Supplemental glycine (.3%) alleviated growth depression caused by 2.25% excess methionine. Quail fed 1.75% and 2.25% excess methionine developed signs of toxicity characterized by weakness, a lowered, outstretched neck when moving, and ataxia. In addition, quail would fall on their sides when disturbed and spin with their heads retracted. These conditions were transient in nature. Growth of quail fed a low protein (18.9%) diet was depressed by 1% and 1.5% excess methionine and DL-homocystine. Quail fed 1% and 1.5% excess methionine in this diet also developed signs of toxicity, the incidence of which was greater and the duration longer than occurred with quail fed adequate protein. Supplementing a low protein (20.15%) diet with .3% or .6% glycine or threonine or a combination of these amino acids did not alleviate growth depression caused by 1.5% excess methionine; however, 2% and 3% supplemental glycine were somewhat effective. Supplements of glycine (2%, 3%) and threonine (1%) completely reversed growth depression from 1% excess methionine but did not influence growth of controls, indicating that both amino acids counteract methionine toxicity. Both glycine and threonine alone improved growth by about the same extent in diets with 1% or 1.5% excess methionine; however, these amino acids alleviated less than 30% of the growth depression resulting from 1.5% excess methionine. The effectiveness of glycine in alleviating methionine toxicity in a low protein diet was decreased, and hemoglobin levels were depressed with 1.5% excess methionine compared to less amounts. PMID- 6785734 TI - [Bacterial infections in patients with malignancies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785735 TI - Detection of human and murine trophoblast-specific antigens and an assessment of their species specificity. AB - The distribution and species specificity of human and mouse trophoblast-specific surface antigens detected by heterologous anti-mouse ectoplacental cone (anti EPC) trophoblast and anti-human first-trimester trophoblast plasma membrane (anti TrPM) antisera were assessed using several immunochemical and immunolabelling assays. The findings with immunofluorescence assays using anti-EPC antiserum on monolayer cultures indicate that the expression of mouse trophoblast-specific antigens is restricted to the major trophoblast components of the mouse placenta, as well as pre- and early post-implantation trophoblast, and does not occur on fetal, amnion or tumour tissues. The anti-EPC antiserum does not cross-react with human chorionic villous trophoblast. The human trophoblast-specific antigens also displayed species specificity. The anti-TrPM antiserum showed no evidence of cross-reactivity with rhesus monkey, rabbit, guinea pig or mouse trophoblast by immunodiffusion, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase labelling. PMID- 6785736 TI - [Cultures of human fetal islands of Langerhans cells and their transplantation to a female diabetic patient]. PMID- 6785738 TI - [Methods of assessing the anabolic effectiveness of nitrogenous preparations for parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6785737 TI - [Differential diagnosis of ovarian dysgenesis and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in women]. AB - Similarity of anamnestic findings and the majority of clinico-experimental manifestations of the ovary dysgenesis (OD) and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) syndromes in women makes difficult the differential diagnosing of these states. The most significant differential diagnostic sign of OD and HH is the blood serum gonadotrophin content; OD is characterized by a high follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) content with irregular release, less elevated and more stable luteinizing hormone (LH) level, while HH reveals sharply reduced monotonous FSH and LH levels. On an average, the blood serum testosterone content is significantly higher in OD than in HH. PMID- 6785739 TI - [Parenteral feeding in acute experimental radiation lesion of the abdominal cavity organs]. PMID- 6785740 TI - [IgE in the lymph node cells in lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6785741 TI - [Hemostasis in hemoblastosis in monkeys]. PMID- 6785742 TI - [Crucial problems in respiratory failure]. PMID- 6785743 TI - [Definition of the concepts of the form and degree of respiratory failure]. PMID- 6785744 TI - [Serological methods in diagnosing and determining the activity of spinal tuberculosis]. PMID- 6785745 TI - [Significance of the intracellular protein makeup in the taxonomy of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 6785746 TI - [True Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance]. PMID- 6785747 TI - [Suitability of disinfecting agents for preserving pathological material containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 6785748 TI - T-Cell lymphoma model for the analysis of interleukin 1-mediated T-cell activation. AB - Several laboratories have recently demonstrated that the requirement for macrophages in mitogen-induced production of murine T-cell interleukin 2 (IL-2; formerly referred to as "T-cell growth factor") could be circumvented by using the macrophage-derived peptide interleukin 1 (IL-1; formerly referred to as "lymphocyte-activating factor"). Using two cloned T-cell lymphomas, we investigated the mechanism through which IL-1 exerted its effect on IL-2 production. One of the cell lines used (LBRM-33 5A4) produces large concentrations of IL-2 upon mitogen stimulation, whereas the second (LBRM-33 1A5) is incapable of producing IL-2 in response to mitogen. It was observed that addition of purified IL-1 to nonproducer 1A5 cells converted them to a state in which subsequent mitogen stimulation triggered production of IL-2. The concentration of IL-2 produced by IL-1 treated 1A5 cells was equivalent in magnitude to that generated by mitogen-stimulated 5A4 cells (500-1000 units/ml, or approximately 1000 times the concentration of IL-2 contained in conventional preparations of murine mitogen-conditioned medium). The observations that (i) brief exposure to IL-1 was sufficient for 1A5 cell conversion to IL-2 production and (ii) IL-1 could actively be absorbed from culture medium by live or fixed 1A5 cells led us to propose the existence of IL-1 receptors on responsive 1A5 cells. On the basis of these experiments, we have postulated that IL-1 mediates its effect on immune reactivity (enhancement of thymocyte mitogenesis and induction of antibody and cytotoxic T cell responses) by maturation of a subset of immature T cells to the point where they are capable of IL-2 production. Subsequent release of IL-2 after ligand activation allows for clonal expansion of activated T cells which mediate particular effector functions. PMID- 6785749 TI - Multiple biologic activities of a cloned inducer T-cell population. AB - The mouse T-cell clone Ly1+2(-)/9, belonging to the Ly1 set, displays the following functions in vitro: (i) augmentation of immunoglobulin output by B cells; (ii) stimulation of bone marrow cells to produce colonies composed of granulocytes, macrophages, or both; and (iii) proliferative stimulation of T-cell clones belonging to other Ly sets. These functions are induced by Ly1+2(-)/9 cells themselves and by supernatants of Ly1+2(-)/9 cultures and are not evinced by tested clones belonging to other Ly sets. The agent or agents responsible for colony formation and for B-cell stimulation had an apparent molecular weight of 45,000-50,000 and could not be physically separated. The T-cell stimulating agent(s) had an apparent molecular weight of 30,000 and could be separated from the agent(s) that acts upon colony formation and B cells. Thus, clone LY1+2(-)/9 produces at least two soluble products that induce or augment activities of at least three other differently programmed cell sets. PMID- 6785750 TI - N-Nitroso-N-methylurea elicits mammary cancer in resistant and sensitive rat strains. AB - A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of the water-soluble mammary carcinogen N nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU; 35 mg/kg of body weight) elicited cancer of the breast in young female rats of two strains in the following incidence: Long-Evans strain, 4%; Sprague-Dawley strain, 70%. In sisters of these rats, a set of 5 i.v. injections of NMU (35 mg/kg at biweekly intervals) evoked mammary carcinoma as follows: Long-Evans strain, 76%; Sprague-Dawley strain, 100%. In its effectiveness in evoking mammary cancer in Sprague-Dawley rats, the lipid-soluble mammary carcinogen 7,8,12-trimethylbenz[a]anthracene exceeded NMU in rapidity of development of cancer and in tumor yield. PMID- 6785751 TI - A human neutrophil-dependent pathway for generation of angiotensin II: purification and physicochemical characterization of the plasma protein substrate. AB - Human neutrophils contain a neutral protease, previously designated "neutral peptide-generating protease," which generates a smooth muscle contractile activity from a plasma protein substrate. The plasma protein substrate has been purified to homogeneity from fresh citrated human plasma by 45% (wt/vol) ammonium sulfate precipitation of contaminating proteins, Affi-Gel Blue affinity chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, phenyl-Sepharose hydrophobic chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified product produced a single stained protein on alkaline disc gel electrophoresis and elicited a monospecific goat antiserum. Purification was approximately 330- to 350-fold, and overall recovery was 6-11% of substrate protein in starting plasma as determined by quantitative radial immunodiffusion assay. The substrate has an isoelectric point of pH 4.6-5.1 and is a single polypeptide chain glycoprotein of Mr 62,000 67,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis. The mean(+/- SD) concentration of this plasma protein substrate in normal serum is 120 +/- 22 microgram/ml. The plasma protein substrate of the neutrophil neutral protease may be identical to human angiotensinogen (renin substrate) because the physicochemical characteristics are similar and the peptide product is recognized by antibody to angiotensin II. PMID- 6785752 TI - Selective killing of human malignant cell lines deficient in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase, a purine metabolic enzyme. AB - Seven out of 31 (23%) human malignant tumor cell lines had no detectable methylthioadenosine phosphorylase activity (less than 0.001 nmol/min per mg of protein), assayed with 5'-chloroadenosine as substrate. The enzyme-deficient cell lines were derived from five leukemias, one melanoma, and one breast cancer. None of 16 cell lines of nonmalignant origin, derived from lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells, lacked the enzyme (range, 0.156-1.447 nmol/min per mg of protein). As detected by autoradiography, intact enzyme-positive cell lines normal immature bone marrow cells, and four specimens of malignant tumor cells incorporated the adenine moiety of 5'-chloroadenosine into nucleic acids; however, no enzyme-deficient cell lines used 5'-chloroadenosine. When both types of cell lines were cultured in a medium containing 0.4 microM methotrexate, 16 microM uridine, and 16 microM thymidine (or 10 microM azaserine alone), no cells grew. If methylthioadenosine was added to the same medium, only enzyme-positive cells increased in number; most enzyme-deficient cells were dead after 3 days. Thus, human malignant tumor cell lines naturally deficient in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase could be selectively killed when de novo purine synthesis was inhibited and methylthioadenosine was the only exogenous source of purines. PMID- 6785753 TI - Two calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, which are highly concentrated in brain, phosphorylate protein I at distinct sites. AB - Two calcium-stimulated protein kinase activities (ATP:protein phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.37) that phosphorylate protein I, a specific synaptic protein, have been identified in homogenates of rat brain. One of these is found in both the particulate and cytosolic fractions and phosphorylates a region of protein I that is phosphorylated in intact synaptosomes in response to calcium but not to cyclic AMP. The stimulation by calcium of the particulate enzyme and of the partially purified cytosolic enzyme requires the addition of calmodulin. It is not yet known whether the particulate and cytosolic enzymes are related. A second calcium stimulated protein I kinase is found only in the cytosol and phosphorylates a region of protein I that is phosphorylated in intact synaptosomes in response to either calcium or cyclic AMP. The calcium stimulation of this latter kinase is probably mediated by calmodulin, judging from its inhibition by low concentrations of trifluoperazine. Both of the calcium-stimulated protein I kinases are more highly concentrated in brain than in other tissues. The two cytosolic kinases are distinguishable from each other and from myosin light chain kinase and phosphorylase b kinase by their substrate specificities and their chromatographic behavior on DEAE-cellulose. PMID- 6785754 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the Fc region of a human delta chain. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of an Fc-like fragment designated Fc delta (t) and obtained by limited proteolysis with trypsin of an intact myeloma IgD protein (NIG-65) has been determined. The fragment contains 226 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 32,000 per monomeric unit. It has three glucosamine oligosaccharides at asparagine residues 68, 159, and 210. Of these, glucosamine 159 is characteristic of the delta chain and has no counterpart position in any of the other classes. On the other hand, glucosamine-68 is shared by gamma, mu, and epsilon, and glucosamine-210 is shared by alpha and mu. Although the Fc delta (t) has the common framework structure of immunoglobulins, its sequence has many individual characteristics when its two domains are compared separately with the counterpart domain of other heavy chains. Such comparison has shown that the two Fc domains of the delta chain should be placed in an independent branch in topology; for all the other classes, the Fc domains are paired well with their counterparts. The comparison has also shown that there are three prominent gaps by which each domain can be divided into two homologous halves. For each class of immunoglobulin, a moderate degree of internal homology exists between the first half and the second half of each domain of the Fc, suggesting that the primordial gene may have coded for a unit about the size of a half domain. Based on this observation together with sequence comparisons, a possible genetic mechanism is proposed for the origin and evolution of the genes for immunoglobulin domains. PMID- 6785755 TI - Effect of phenobarbital on the level of translatable rat liver epoxide hydrolase mRNA. AB - Liver poly(A)+RNA isolated from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats has been translated in the rabbit reticulocyte cell-fre system in order to determine the level of translationally active epoxide hydrolase (EC 3.3.2.3) mRNA. The in vitro translation systems were immunoprecipitated with rabbit IgG prepared against purified epoxide hydrolase, and the amount of epoxide hydrolase synthesized by the lysate programmed with control and phenobarbital poly(A)+RNA was quantitated. The level of translatable epoxide hydrolase mRNA is increased 3-fold after chronic phenobarbital administration. This level of induction correlates well with the 5-fold induction in catalytic activity of epoxide hydrolase (using styrene 7,8-oxide as substrate) in microsomes isolated from phenobarbital-treated rats. Therefore, we suggest that chronic phenobarbital administration increases the amount of functional epoxide hydrolase in rat liver microsomes by way of an increase in the translatable mRNA level encoding for the enzyme. We do not know whether the increase in mRNA is the result of increased transcription or messenger stability. PMID- 6785756 TI - Specificity of chemiluminescence in the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to its carcinogenic diol epoxide. AB - The metabolism of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene results primarily in the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene, 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene and to a lesser extent 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10 dioxetane-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene, from which chemiluminescence is observed. This specific microsomal chemiluminescence has been used to establish that the rate-limiting reaction in the metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene to the bay region diol epoxide is the production of the 7,8-diol. The microsome-mediated chemiluminescence of the parent benzo[a]pyrene is therefore an indicator of the activity of the specific sequence of metabolic reactions leading to the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite. PMID- 6785757 TI - Digestibility of sorghum proteins. AB - Published information indicates that rice, maize, and wheat proteins are much more digestible in children than sorghum proteins are (66-81% compared with 46%). However, this digestibility difference cannot be demonstrated with the weanling rat, which gave digestibility values of 80% for cooked and 85% for uncooked sorghum gruels. Therefore, a search was made for a laboratory system sensitive to the digestibility differences between sorghum and other cereals. We found that porcine pepsin in vitro shows these digestibility differences. Using pepsin, we have found that uncooked sorghum proteins have a high digestibility (78-100%), which drops to a range of 45-55% after cooking. Two fermented sheet-baked sorghum products (kisra and abrey) from Sudan gave pepsin digestibility values of 65-86%. In contrast, unfermented cooked gruels made in our laboratory from the same flours used for the kisra and abrey gave pepsin values of only 44-56%. Therefore, fermentation improves pepsin digestibility of sorghum. The digestibility values of other sorghum-based foods prepared in the semiarid tropics need surveying. Those with high pepsin digestibility values hopefully should be more digestible (in children) than are the cooked sorghum gruels studied to date by human nutritionists. PMID- 6785758 TI - Resonance Raman spectroscopy of specifically [epsilon-15N]lysine-labeled bacteriorhodopsin. AB - The possible interaction of a second lysine with the retinylidene Schiff base of bacteriorhodopsin (Lewis, A., Marcus, M. A., Ehrenberg, B. & Crespi, H. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 4642-4646) has been investigated by specific incorporation of 15N into the epsilon-amino groups of the lysine residues. Comparison of resonance Raman spectra of bacteriorhodopsin grown on 100%, 0%, and 50% labeled lysine demonstrates that 15N isotope effects on the Schiff base vibration can be accounted for by 15N labeling only at the Schiff base nitrogen. Our data also provide in situ confirmation of the linkage of the retinal chromophore with the epsilon-amino nitrogen of lysine. PMID- 6785759 TI - Recovery of protein synthesis after heat shock: prior heat treatment affects the ability of cells to translate mRNA. AB - A mild heat shock at 35 degrees C, which induces heat shock gene expression, greatly enhances survival and the recovery of protein synthesis in Drosophila cells after a higher temperature heat shock. The 35 degrees C treatment is also effective in preventing heat-induced developmental defects in pupae. We show here that the major larval mRNAs are present in approximately normal (25 degrees C) concentrations after a 40.1 degrees C heat shock whether or not the animals receive a pretreatment. This indicates that the pretreatment affects translation directly rather than messenger concentration. We also observe selective translation of heat shock messages and some 25 degrees C messages during recovery from heat shock. PMID- 6785761 TI - Inhibition of urea-linked water flux and [14C]urea transport across the toad bladder by amiloride. PMID- 6785760 TI - Biochemical evidence for membrane disintegration in human cataracts. AB - Biochemical evidence is presented for the disintegration of the lens fiber plasma membrane in human cataracts. The intrinsic membrane proteins are found in both the water-soluble and water-insoluble nonmembrane fractions of the cataract lens but not in the normal tissue. Furthermore, in contrast to the normal lens, not all of the lipid found in the cataractous lens is isolated with the membrane fraction. In cataracts, both the membrane and membrane fragments are involved in covalent high molecular weight aggregates with an extrinsic membrane protein (43,000 daltons) and a cytoplasmic protein (gamma-crystallin). PMID- 6785762 TI - Influence of chronic prolactin suppression during puberty on the development of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors. PMID- 6785763 TI - Evidence that regulation of thyrotropin secretion by the heterotopic pituitary is independent of endogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone from any source. PMID- 6785764 TI - Calcifiable matrices. PMID- 6785766 TI - An analysis of visual object reversal learning in the marmoset after amphetamine and haloperidol. AB - The effect of amphetamine and haloperidol pretreatment on visual object reversal learning was assessed in the marmoset. Amphetamine induced perseverative responding demonstrated by high reversal learning scores and worse than chance performance in the early stages of reversal. This perseverative responding was prevented by pretreatment with haloperidol. Haloperidol, either alone or in conjunction with amphetamine caused a mild, non-perseverative impairment on reversal learning only. PMID- 6785765 TI - Interactions between connective tissue components. PMID- 6785767 TI - Prenatal undernutrition: effects on behavior, brain chemistry and neuroanatomy in rats. AB - The behavior and cerebral effects of prenatal protein-calorie undernutrition were investigated in newborn and postweanling rat pups. At birth, prenatally undernourished (PU) animals showed a deficit in body weight; however, by day 15 the difference was diminished and not significant. On days 13-18, PU pups required more trials for reversal learning of a water-escape response in a T-maze than control (C) pups; however, on days 31-35, there were no difference between groups when trained to learn an active-avoidance response. Assessment of brain development showed that at birth, DNA and protein content was severely reduced in PU animals; however, normalization was noted in regional sections of the brain at 35 days of age. Brainstem reticular cells from PU pups at birth show less dendritic arborization and less terminal branching cells from C pups. The results are discussed in terms of a delayed rate of maturation. PMID- 6785768 TI - [The dynamics of the drug release from ointment bases. Part 3: The effects of some emulsifiers on the liberation of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - The main objective of the present investigation was the pharmaceutical evaluation of the dynamics of the liberation of nitroglycerin from polyethylene bases in comparison to the lanolin-containing commercial preparation Nitrocard. By dialysis through a semipermeable membrane, using the apparatus of Elszewski and Kubis, it was found that the liberation rate from the polyethylene ointments is greater than that from the lanolin ointment, the release being dependent upon the molecular mass of the polyethylene mixtures. Cetyl alcohol and Span emulsifiers increase the liberation; white wax exerts a delaying effect. A composition is proposed which corresponds, in respect of the release of nitroglycerin, to the commercial preparation. PMID- 6785769 TI - Nortriptyline and pituitary-thyroid function in affective disorder. AB - Twenty out-patients with depressive illness were studied with regard to thyroid hormone concentrations, basal and TRH-stimulated TSH, and prolactin levels before and during treatment with nortriptyline. Concentrations of plasma nortriptyline and 10-hydroxy-nortripyline were analysed while on 75 mg and 150 mg/day. No correlations between clinical outcome and side effects on the one hand and drug concentrations on the other were demonstrated. Provided the age factor was considered, basal and stimulated hormone levels did not differentiate between healthy controls and patients with "endogenous" and those with "exogenous" depression. Nortriptyline treatment did not influence serum hormone levels. PMID- 6785770 TI - On the significance of the face. PMID- 6785771 TI - Victory through defeat: a character analysis of Robert E. Lee. PMID- 6785772 TI - Antitheses and the obsessive-compulsive. AB - The characteristic "style" of the obsessive-compulsive is examined and is seen to be marked by an antithetical quality. The major defense mechanisms used--undoing, isolation, and reaction formation--al involve opposites: contradictory acts following each other, the keeping apart of ambivalent feeling states, and the turning of wishes into their opposites. The cognitive modes of the obsessive compulsive are marked by dichotomies: sharply focused attention which misses essential points and a non-inclusive all-inclusiveness. The obsessive's regression to the anal phase produces ambivalent emotions, contradictory attitudes to feces and defecation and related future sublimations, and doubt over sexual identity. A harsh superego creates an alternation between obedience to it and defiance, and feelings of both perfection and imperfection. The ambivalent and contradictory early family environment is seen as an influencing factor in the creation of the antithetical style of the future obsessive-compulsive: the natural ambivalence of the anal stage is confronted by ambivalent mothering, and antitheses then predominate. PMID- 6785773 TI - Obsession with the rejecting beloved. PMID- 6785774 TI - Freudian siblings. PMID- 6785775 TI - Hitler and Gandhi: the will as spirit and as flesh. PMID- 6785776 TI - Greek theater and psychodrama theater. PMID- 6785778 TI - A writing block treated with modern psychoanalytic interventions. PMID- 6785779 TI - Countertransference reevaluated. PMID- 6785777 TI - Effective structures for ethical choices. PMID- 6785780 TI - The use and misuse of empathy in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy. PMID- 6785781 TI - Induced emotional reactions and attitudes in the psychoanalyst as transference in actuality. AB - The long hiatus between Freud's seminal paper on countertransference in 1910 and the contributions of the 1950s on totalistic countertransference is analyzed in terms of historical factors and others intrinsic to psychoanalysis. Induced reactions in the psychoanalyst as transference in actuality is differentiated from classical countertransference and the growing literature on totalistic countertransference, as well as from transferences involving the usual displacement and projective mechanisms. Several cases are discussed to indicate the wide range of psychopathology in which induced reactions occur and their value in reconstruction. The reasons for the confusing use of the concept, countertransference, for a variety of psychological processes in the analyst are cited, and a new model of five categories centering around modes of communication are posited: empathic transitory identifications, preconscious associations and imagery, induced reactions to transferences, induced reactions as transference in actuality, and classical countertransference. The relationship of induced reactions to classical countertransference is discussed, as well as implications of induced reactions as transference in actuality for internalization theory, and implicitly for the psychology of the self. Finally, some clinical issues in the use of induced reactions are eluciated. PMID- 6785782 TI - Use of 6-hydroxydopamine to deplete brain catecholamines in the rhesus monkey: effects on urinary catecholamine metabolites and behavior. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine: 1) whether 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA), previously shown to deplete brain catecholamines (CA) in rodents, depletes brain CA in rhesus monkeys; 2) whether depletion of brain CA produces changes in behavior; and, 3) whether urinary output of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) reflects brain norepinephrine (NE) depletions. Repeated intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of 6-OHDA (N = 20; 15.5-73.3 mg/subject) produced chronic changes in social behavior and, at higher dosages, reduced output of urinary MHPG. However, 4 weeks after the last ICV 6-OHDA injection, urinary MHPG excretion returned to baseline values and whole brain CA content was not reliably different from control. A single treatment with 6-OHDA microinjected into the substantia nigra (SN) (N = 12; 120-240 microgram/subject) produced chronic whole brain depletions of brain CA without depleting serotonin. Reductions in brain CA were associated with a specific set of motor behaviors, aphagia, and adipsia. SN 6-OHDA produced greater brain NE depletions than ICV 6 OHDA, but urinary MHPG output was not reduced. SN 6-OHDA treated subjects showed chronic changes in social behavior and were more sensitive to the operant response rate decreasing effects of alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) than control subjects. Subjects with the largest depletions of brain dopamine (DA) (greater than 90%) were hypokinetic, rigid, and had a distal limb tremor. These results show that SN but not ICV injection of 6-OHDA can deplete brain CA in the rhesus monkey. The most prominent behavioral changes were characterized by disturbances in motor function. Urinary MPHG output does not reflect depletions of brain NE in this species. PMID- 6785783 TI - Effects of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) on morphine self-administration in the rat. AB - Rats bearing cerebrocortical electrodes for recording the electroencephalogram (EEG) were rendered tolerant to and physically dependent on morphine and subsequently trained to self-administer morphine (10 mg/kg injection) through a chronic intravenous cannula. Morphine was available for self-administration 24 h/day. Once morphine intake had stabilized (10-12 injections/day), levo-alpha acetylmethadol (LAAM) was administered noncontingently via a chronic intragastric (IG) cannula as a single daily dose of either 1 or 4 mg/kg. These morphine self administering rats were maintained on daily LAAM treatment for 12 consecutive days. Analysis of the patterns of lever pressing, morphine self-injections, and sleep-awake behavior revealed that daily IG administration of LAAM effectively suppressed morphine self-administration. The 1 mg/kg dose of LAAM reduced morphine intake by 30%-50%, while 4 mg/kg produced an 80%-90% decrease. The reduction in morphine self-administration occurred in the absence of overt signs of narcotic withdrawal, behavioral toxicity, or disruption of sleep-awake behavior in these rats. Termination of LAAM maintenance resulted in a gradual return of level pressing and morphine intake to pre-LAAM levels. PMID- 6785784 TI - Conditioning of an interoceptive drug stimulus to different exteroceptive contexts. AB - Two experiments are described showing that a pentobarbital versus saline discrimination can be differentially conditioned to different external contexts. In experiment 1, rats differentiated two T-shaped mazes (one water maze and one electrified maze). In experiment 2, the external stimuli were the presence and absence of light during training in the electrified T-maze. These experiments constitute the first examples where a single drug versus nondrug discrimination has been conditioned to different external contexts requiring an opposite response pattern by the same animal. The data are in accordance with a stimulus interpretation of drug discrimination learning. PMID- 6785786 TI - Catecholamine-serotonin interaction effects on activity in rats neonatally treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - The effect of increased central serotonergic levels on motor activity was investigated in rats neonatally treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the lateral ventricles. Regional brain assays of monoamine levels in 90-day-old rats showed depletion of catecholamines, but not of serotonin, in the forebrain accompanied by a large elevation of norepinephrine, and minor elevation of serotonin, in the hindbrain. Measures of behavioral activity in adulthood were taken after treatment with saline, pargyline, L-tryptophan, or pargyline given 30 min before L-tryptophan. The combined treatment of pargyline plus L-tryptophan produced hyperactivity in controls and this effect was blocked in the 6-OHDA treated animals. These findings indicate that the serotonergic system is capable of influencing motor activity, but that this influence is blocked in animals permanently depleted of catecholamines in their terminal field regions. PMID- 6785785 TI - Effects of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment on catecholamine levels and behavior during development and adulthood. AB - The effects of neonatal intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (50-400 microgram) treatment on catecholamine levels in various brain regions, and on motor activity, were investigated in rats during development and adulthood. At 30 days catecholamine levels were lower in the frontal cortex and ventral diencephalon; minor reductions were observed in midbrain and pontine regions. At 90 days the effects of 6-OHDA treatment were similar in frontal and rostral midbrain regions but in the pontine area norepinephrine levels were substantially elevated. Behavioral tests in a stabilimeter indicated 6-OHDA-treated rats were hyperactive during development, at 25 and 35 days of age, as well as in adulthood. However, 6-OHDA-treated rats did not differ from controls in habituation. These effects are interpreted as supporting the notion that low catecholamine levels in the forebrain alter activity during development and in adulthood. PMID- 6785788 TI - Dopaminergic agonists differentially affect open-field activity of rats with A10 lesions. AB - Dopaminergic systems appear to exert considerable control over locomotor activity. Although dopamine neurons are located in relatively close proximity within the mesencephalon, their axons project to more diffuse areas, perhaps reflecting some underlying heterogeneity in their function. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dopamine agonists differentially affect activity by acting upon distinct dopamine systems. Bilateral radio-frequency lesions of area A10 in rats failed to affect spontaneous open-field behavior over a 1-month postoperative period. When injected with 1 mg/kg of apomorphine, however, experimental rats more than doubled their activity as compared to the response of sham-operated controls. In contrast, no difference between the two groups of animals was observed in terms of increased activity following 3 mg/kg of either d amphetamine or methylphenidate. These results are consistent with previous work indicating the involvement of ventromedial mesencephalic dopamine somata in the control of locomotor activity. The data suggest, however, that systems in addition to the dopaminergic mesolimbic projection are responsible, in part, for the hyperactivity elicited by d-amphetamine or methylphenidate. PMID- 6785787 TI - Lithium induces dose-related increases and decreases in activity levels in the rat. AB - The effect of intraperitoneal lithium chloride on the activity levels of rats was measured by counting photocell interruptions in an open field. Treatment with 0.15 mEq/kg increased activity and 1.5 mEq/kg decreased activity. In a second experiment behavioral observations were added to the photocell counts of open field activity, and the increase observed with 0.15 mEq/kg LiCl in Experiment 1 was compared with the increase in open field activity produced by 0.4 g/kg ethanol. The two drugs produced similar increases in cell counts and walking, and similar decreases in sitting and sniffing. Lithium produced significantly more rearing and behavior directed at the cage than did ethanol. Following Johnson's hypothesis of lithium action, these findings are discussed within the context of lithium-induced changes in responsiveness to the environment. We suggest that, at 0.15 mEq/kg, lithium chloride might increase reactivity to the environment. PMID- 6785789 TI - The role of conditional drug responses in tolerance to the hypothermic effects of ethanol. AB - The role of predrug cues in tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia was investigated in two experiments. The results of Experiment 1 demonstrated that tolerance was displayed only when the drug was administered in conjunction with environmental stimuli that had, in the past, accompanied ethanol administration. A conditional hyperthermic response was elicited when a placebo, instead of ethanol, was administered in conjunction with the usual ethanol cues. Results of Experiment 2 suggested that tolerance to ethanol-induced hypothermia can be extinguished by repeated placebo injections. These results indicate that associative processes, previously demonstrated to modulate opiate tolerance, also modulate ethanol tolerance. PMID- 6785790 TI - Concentrations of chlorpromazine and two of its active metabolites in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of psychotic patients treated with fixed drug doses. AB - Efforts to find a correlation between serum levels of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and clinical effect have been rather unsuccessful, which could be due to fluctuations of CPZ and CPZ metabolite levels during treatment, the complicated metabolism of CPZ, or to varying degrees of protein binding. Using a mass fragmentographic analysis technique the variations of CPZ and two active metabolites nor1-CPZ and 7-OH-CPZ were studied in ten schizophrenic patients during the day at steady state and after withdrawal. There was a significant correlation between the area under curve (AUC) for CPZ in serum during 24-h treatment and serum concentration at different fixed times of the day. The half-life (T 1/2) for CPZ was found to be 8-33 h. 7-OH-CPZ and nor1-CPZ disappeared at about the same rate as the parent compound. The concentration of both metabolites was less than 10 ng/ml after 36 h. CPZ was administered to 43 schizophrenic patients in one of three fixed doses (200, 400, or 600 mg) according to a double-blind design. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analysed before and after both 2 and 4 weeks' treatment. The levels of the metabolites were considerably lower as compared to CPZ levels. The same levels were found after 2 and 4 weeks' treatment. There were no sex differences. The levels of CPZ and metabolites presented a weak positive correlation to daily dose but not to dose calculated by mg/kg body weight. Older patients tended to have higher CPZ and metabolite levels. The dose effects were very similar in plasma and CSF and there was a highly significant correlation between CPZ levels in serum and CSF. CSF/plasma ratio for CPZ seems to be an individual factor possibly related to variations in protein-binding in plasma and CSF. PMID- 6785791 TI - Bilateral skin conductance and the pupillary light-dark reflex: manipulation by chlorpromazine, haloperidol, scopolamine, and placebo. AB - Cholinergic blocking with scopolamine produces skin conductance orientating response (SCOR) nonresponding in normal subjects. This may be one of a number of causes for nonresponding in schizophrenic subjects. Blockade of dopamine with haloperidol produces an increase in amplitude and shortening of recovery time in the SCOR of normal subjects. This result closely resembles that of Nielsen and Petersen (1976) who found a similar pattern of responding in normal subjects who scored high on a scale of schizophrenism. These results, along with those for chlorpromazine and the pupillographic effects of the three drugs are discussed in terms of biochemical working hypotheses of schizophrenic subclassification. PMID- 6785792 TI - Food preference following acute or chronic chlordiazepoxide administration: tolerance to an antineophobic action. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (CDP) at 15 mg/kg produced two distinct actions in a food preference test, firstly a general appetite-enhancing effect, and secondly an anti-neophobic effect. Following acute injection of CDP the rats changed from eating predominantly familiar food to a novel food. This may signify an anti neophobic effect of CDP. However, following 10 days of treatment with CDP, the anti-neophobic effect was abolished and the choice of familiar food was enhanced. This could be an indication of a more general appetite-enhancing effect. Hence some form of tolerance may develop to CDP's effects over 10 days of treatment which selectively abolishes anti-neophobic action whilst leaving the appetite effect further enhanced. There were no indications of tolerance developing to the actions of CDP in animals familiarized with all the test foods before the preference test was run. Hence the presence of food novelty may be critical to the observation of some form of selective tolerance. PMID- 6785793 TI - Lithium effects on citrate metabolism in humans and rats. PMID- 6785794 TI - A clinical and pharmacodynamic evaluation of sulpiride. AB - In a double-blind study the therapeutic efficacy of sulpiride was compared to that of haloperidol--an established neuroleptic agent. A total of 30 female patients with a diagnosis of chronic schizophrenia were initially stabilised on the dosage of haloperidol which produced optimum therapeutic response when given once or twice daily. The patients were then randomly allocated to receive either sulpiride or haloperidol over a period of 12 weeks. Plasma drug concentrations and prolactin levels were determined. Clinical effects were evaluated by Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Wing Rating Scale, and Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (EPS). A standardised side-effects checklist was used. Treatment with sulpiride was associated with a significant rise in plasma prolactin level, but paradoxically these patients had significantly reduced extrapyramidal symptoms. No significant correlation was found between plasma sulpiride concentration and prolactin level or any of the clinical variables. The study confirms the antipsychotic activity of sulpiride. PMID- 6785795 TI - Studies of carbachol-induced wet-dog shake behavior in rats. AB - Intraventricular administration of carbachol chloride evoked wet-dog shakes (WDS) in rats in a dose-related manner. WDS induced by carbachol at the dose of 20 microgram were antagonized by scopolamine, atropine, cyproheptadine, morphine, clonidine, phentolamine, haloperidol, and L-5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Methergoline, propranolol, bicuculline, and aminooxyacetic acid had no effect on carbachol-induced shaking behavior. The present experiments show the existence of different types of shaking behavior, not exclusively related to the stimulation of central 5-HT structures. PMID- 6785796 TI - The effect of long-term concurrent administration of chlorpromazine and lithium on the striatal and frontal cortical dopamine metabolism in rats. AB - The effects of lithium and chlorpromazine chronically administered alone and together on the dopamine metabolism in the rat striatum and frontal cortex were investigated by measurement of the levels of dopamine (DA) and its main metabolite, homovanillic acid (HVA). Long-term chlorpromazine administration caused a significant increase in the striatal DA level and a decrease in that of HVA and HVA/DA ratio without any changes in those of the frontal cortex. The prolonged administration of lithium elevated the striatal levels of both HVA and DA, but no change in the frontal cortex was observed. The concurrent administration of chlorpromazine and lithium caused a significant increase in the frontal cortical DA level and a decrease in that of HVA and HVA/DA ratio. The striatal DA and HVA levels increased under the effect of the combined treatment, while the HVA/DA ratio remained unchanged. PMID- 6785797 TI - Is the failure of (-)deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, to alleviate depression related to freedom from the cheese effect? AB - The selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) B inhibitor (-)deprenyl failed to produce any greater benefit than placebo in a limited double-blind trial conducted in depressive patients. Its relative freedom from the so-called cheese effect was confirmed, however, in drug-treated patients challenged IV with tyramine. There is evidence to suggest that this cheese effect, a facilitated tyramine-induced hypertensive response, is pharmacologically distinct from MAO inhibition proper. Thus, it is conceivable that its central counterpart, an enhanced noradrenaline release due to the access of traces of tyramine to the CNS, is a prerequisite for any therapeutic benefit obtainable with the MAO-inhibitory drugs in general. PMID- 6785798 TI - Use of the intracerebral injection technique to elucidate mechanisms of apomorphine climbing and its antagonism in the mouse. AB - Climbing behavior induced by peripherally administered apomorphine in the mouse was reduced by 0.25-10 microgram bilateral intra-accumbens fluphenazine, (+/-) and (-) sulpiride and by serotonin, but not by (+)sulpiride, dl-propranolol, phentolamine, atropine or methysergide. A specific antagonism of climbing could not be shown when fluphenazine was injected into the striatum, hypothalamus, thalamus, reticular formation, frontal cortex or cerebellum, but was apparent when a large dose of fluphenazine was placed below (but not above) the accumbens nucleus. 6-Hydroxydopamine denervation of the nucleus accumbens did not alter the climbing antagonism afforded by fluphenazine, although sulpiride was three-fold more effective following denervation. The data indicates an accumbens involvement in the climbing phenomenon, that sulpiride more effectively antagonises climbing after accumbens denervation and that the presumed dopamine agonist-antagonist interaction in the accumbens, which controls climbing, may also involve serotonergic function. The studies emphasise the value of the intra-cerebral injection technique to an analysis of drug action in the mouse. PMID- 6785799 TI - A preliminary double-blind study on the efficacy of carbamazepine in prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness. AB - A preliminary double-blind controlled study on the prophylactic effect of carbamazepine on recurrent manic-depressive psychotics was conducted with 22 patients using an inert placebo in ten subjects as a control drug. Carbamazepine in the dosage of 200-600 mg was administered for 1 year. Among the 22 carbamazepine subjects, carbamazepine was found to be effective in 60% of the cases and inert placebo in 22.2% (U-test, P less than 0.10). It is suggested that carbamazepine is a useful drug for the prophylaxis of manic-depressive illness. PMID- 6785800 TI - A neuropharmacological analysis of the discriminative stimulus properties of fenfluramine. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate fenfluramine (1.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two lever drug discrimination task. The dose-response curve for this discrimination was orderly with an ED50 of about one-half of the training dose (0.52 mg/kg). In substitution tests, indirect (p-chloroamphetamine) and direct (quipazine, MK-212, lisuride) serotonin (5-HT) agonists substituted for fenfluramine. Since none of these compounds have been reported to be hallucinogenic and the potent hallucinogen LSD did not substitute completely, it was suggested that the discriminative stimulus properties of fenfluramine are not related to its ability to produce hallucinations in humans. The fenfluramine cue, like the quipazine cue, was antagonized by the 5-HT antagonists cyproheptadine and methiothepin. Unlike quipazine, fenfluramine was also partially antagonized by the 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, and the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, p-chlorophenylalanine. Thus, the fenfluramine cue differs from that of quipazine in that it is mediated via indirect actions on 5-HT receptors. Since the indirect dopamine (DA) agonist d-amphetamine failed to substitute and the DA antagonist haloperidol failed to block the fenfluramine cue, a mediating role for DA was not indicated. Another indirect DA agonist, cocaine, substituted partially for fenfluramine, a result which paralleled that seen with fluoxetine. Both of these partial substitutions were reduced by cyproheptadine; therefore, it was concluded that these effects may be due to the common ability of cocaine, fluoxetine, and fenfluramine to inhibit 5-HT uptake. PMID- 6785801 TI - Reactions to ischemic pain: interactions between individual, situational and naloxone effects. AB - Fifty-two paid volunteers participated in two separate factorial investigations of the effects of naloxone on time tolerance of and affective reactions to ischemia, as a function of the interaction between expectations of involvement in the experimental situation and experimental variables involving stress or suggestions of analgesia. Naloxone-induced reduction in tolerance to ischemia interacted significantly with the level of involvement expectancies. The suggestion of analgesia provided no significant naloxone-saline discrimination, but there was a significant interaction between variable memory task conditions and drug effects on the time ischemia was tolerated. These findings suggest that naloxone-opiate receptor interactions may depend on individual differences in attitudes to the situation, but may be potentiated by select environmental stimuli. Analyses of the effects of treatment on affective reactions to ischemia failed to show consistent results. PMID- 6785802 TI - Effects of lithium on behavioral reactivity: relation to increases in brain cholinergic activity. AB - Suppression of behavior accompanying increased ACh synthesis in the brain might account, at least in part, for the preferred use of lithium in antimanic therapy. Three experiments using rats as subjects were designed to test hypotheses about relationships among lithium, ACh synthesis and behavior. Experiment 1 established that hyporeactivity and greater exploratory behavior occurred in animals under LiCl treatment conditions shown to stimulate cholinergic activity in brain. Experiment 2 provided evidence of significant differences between controls and animals on the LiCl diet. Groups tested after 1 or 2 days of LiCl showed the decrease in reactivity to successive presentations of a loud auditory stimulus which characterizes the normal process of habituation. Groups tested after 5 or 10 days of liCl showed no evidence of habituation, their reactivity throughout the period of stimulation being at a level attained by the other groups when habituation reached its final asymptote. Experiment 3 established that effects of LiCl treatment were not manifested in all aspects of behavior: there was no evidence of impairment of motor activity or coordination; no analgesia; no impairment in sensory input nor in acquisition of new behaviors. The effect of the LiCl treatment was not complete inhibition but instead suppression of reactivity to environmental stimulation under conditions shown previously to increase cholinergic activity in brain. PMID- 6785803 TI - Differential effects of opiate agonists-antagonists on morphine-induced hyperexcitability and analgesia in mice. AB - The effects of two opiate agonists-antagonists, butorphanol (4.0 and 8.0 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg), were assessed on locomotor activity and analgesia in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice. Different behavioral effects were evident in these strains, which might be characterized by different reactions to the effects of opiates and by differences in endorphin distributions and opiate receptor populations. In particular, buprenorphine acted as an agonist-antagonist to morphine in both strains while a dissociation of butorphanol effects was evident, depending on the strain considered. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6785804 TI - Effects of pimozide on nordiscriminated and discriminated performance in the pigeon. AB - The effects of pimozide (0.06, 0.18, 0.30 mg/kg), a dopamine receptor blocker, on nondiscriminated and discriminated performance were assessed in pigeons using a Latin Square design. In Experiment 1 a dose-dependent decrease in responding was observed with a variable interval 3-min schedule of reinforcement. More detailed analyses showed that total response rate, running response rate, and post reinforcement pause all showed the same dose-dependent relationship. In Experiment 2 a successive discrimination task was employed to determine if pimozide affects a previously learned association between environmental stimuli. Each pigeon was first trained on the discrimination and then injected with the same doses as in Experiment 1. Although pimozide reduced responding in a dose related fashion, a corresponding decrease in accuracy of responding was not evident. It was concluded that pimozide has a general response debilitating effect and that dopaminergic neurons probably are not involved in subserving associative processes. PMID- 6785806 TI - Strain-dependent effects of naloxone on discrimination learning in mice. AB - The effects of post-trial naloxone administration were studied in two inbred strains of mice. C57BL/6 (C57) and DBA/2 (DBA), tested in two different experimental conditions. These were a Y-water maze (requiring escape from water) and the Yerkes--Thompson--Bovet-Nitti apparatus for pattern discrimination (requiring escape from electric shock). Two series of experiments were carried out. In the first series, naloxone improved acquisition in DBA and impaired acquisition in C57 mice either trained to swim towards tha dark or to discriminate between oblique bars. Light-oriented behavior, perhaps due to non conditioned tendencies, was improved in the Y-water maze following naloxone administration on both strains. PMID- 6785805 TI - Memory and performance effects of single and 3-week administration of diazepam. AB - The effects of diazepam of several cognitive and performance tasks were investigated in 30 healthy volunteers randomly assigned to three groups: A chronic group received diazepam for 21 days; an acute group received placebo during the same period, except at session 4 when they received diazepam; and a third group received placebo only at the sessions. Diazepam was given orally in a dose of about 0.2 mg/kg. Behavioral sessions were conducted before treatment (practice), after one administration (session 2), after 19 days (session 3), after 20 days (session 4), and 7 days following withdrawal (session 5). A single administration of diazepam produced significant memory impairment in both immediate and delayed free recall. Reduced memory performance was the result of impaired acquisition rather than reduced retention. Comparison of the chronic and acute groups in sessions 3 and 4 and analysis of the performance of the chronic group over sessions indicated the development of some tolerance to the memory impairment with continued administration. No residual memory effects were apparent following withdrawal. No other cognitive or psychomotor functions differed among the three treatment groups. PMID- 6785807 TI - Effects of lithium carbonate on methylphenidate-induced mood, behavior, and cognitive processes. AB - Evidence is presented which suggests that lithium modifies the mood and behavioral alterations resulting from IV methylphenidate. Specifically, lithium significantly reduces the level of arousal-activation, euphoria-grandiosity, and the total score of manic-state ratings following a methylphenidate challenge. In addition, lithium appears to be capable of modifying the growth hormone response to methylphenidate. PMID- 6785808 TI - Development and reacquisition of tolerance to ethanol administered pre- and post trial to rats. AB - The development of tolerance to the disruptive effects of ethanol on bar-pressing behavior was studied in rats by exposing them to four cycles of drug administration intercalated by 34-day drug-free periods. A negative correlation was obtained between the successive cycles and the number of sessions required for the rats to reach the criterion of tolerance. Also studied was the possible difference in the rate of development of tolerance in the four cycles when ethanol was administered before or after the task. One group of rats was required to perform the response under the influence of ethanol, while other group received the drug 90 min after the bar-pressing sessions. At the first cycle the group which performed under drug action developed tolerance more rapidly than the group which received ethanol after the task. PMID- 6785809 TI - Effects of nicotine on two types of motor activity in rats. AB - Effects of injections of two doses of nicotine (o.2 and 0.4 mg/kg body wt) were tested on general activity (in a photocell chamber) and on locomotor activity (in an activity wheel) in male and female rats of two ages (40 and 90 days). Behavior was monitored under light and dark conditions at 15, 30, and 45 min post injection over a period of 12 days. A general excitatory effect of nicotine was observed in the photocell chamber, with the high dosage greatly increasing activity for younger and female animals. In the activity wheel an initial depressant effect was observed followed by excitation at the lower dose. no evidence for tolerance or difference between light and dark test conditions was found. PMID- 6785810 TI - Effects of single and long-term haloperidol administration on open field behavior of rats. AB - The effects of single and long-term haloperidol administration on rat open field behavior was studied. Withdrawal from long-term haloperidol treatment induced a significant increase in all parameters of activity recorded, except rearing. There was a direct relationship between the impairment of motor function induced by the single haloperidol administration and the increment of general activity observed after withdrawal from repeated drug administration. The results were considered to be a consequence of the supersensitivity of central dopaminergic receptors probably, of the mesostriatal pathway, that occurred in order to maintain the animal's homeostasis. PMID- 6785811 TI - Acquisition of tolerance to alcohol-induced memory deficits in humans. PMID- 6785812 TI - Effects of specific dopamine lesions and dopamine receptor sensitivity on angiotensin II- and carbachol-induced thirst in rats. AB - A study was made of the effects of manipulating brain dopaminergic activity upon drinking induced by intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensin II or carbachol. Non-specific lesions induced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the cerebroventricles caused a significant reduction in angiotensin-induced thirst without affecting carbachol drinking. specific 6-OHDA-induced lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway also attenuated the angiotensin-induced response, while unilateral lesions reduced and bilateral lesions almost completely abolished the effect. Again, the response to carbachol was unaffected. Chronic haloperidol treatment increased behavioural responses to the dopamine agonist apomorphine and significantly stimulated angiotensin-induced drinking without affecting response to carbachol. These studies provide support for the hypothesis that a dopaminergic event is involved in the angiotensin-induced thirst response and point to the need for a functioning dopaminergic nigro striatal pathway for the full expression of this response. PMID- 6785813 TI - Clozapine: plasma levels and prolactin response. AB - Serial plasma clozapine levels and serum prolactin levels were determined in two schizophrenic patients receiving clozapine, a novel antipsychotic drug. Despite marked therapeutic response and substantial clozapine blood levels, prolactin levels obtained 11--12 h after the last oral dose were unaffected or only minimally elevated. This confirms previous evidence of clozapine's unusual characteristics. PMID- 6785815 TI - Repeated electroconvulsive shock prevents the sedative effect of small doses of apomorphine. AB - Repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) (one shock daily for 8 days), but not single ECS, eliminates the sedative response to small doses of apomorphine (25- 1000 microgram/kg) and potentiates the stimulant response to high doses (200 microgram/kg) of the drug in rats. This effect is observed 1 and 4 days after the last ECS. However, repeated ECS does not prevent the inhibitory effect of apomorphine on dopamine (DA) synthesis. The results suggest that repeated ECS may lead to the development of subsensitivity in DA receptors that mediate sedation and that these receptors are differentiated from those controlling DA synthesis. PMID- 6785814 TI - Effect of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on serotonergic control of prolactin secretion and behavior in rats. AB - The intracisternal administration of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) to rats resulted in a potentiated response to 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) when the animals were tested 30 days later. The 5-HTP-induced changes include elevation of serum prolactin, decrease in operant responding, and the magnitude of the "serotonin behavioral syndrome" observed after 5-HTP administration. The serotonin concentration in brains of 5,7-DHT-treated animals reached maximum earlier and remained elevated longer than that of controls following administration of 5-HTP. Brain norepinephrine and dopamine concentration were not affected by 5-HTP in either group of animals. The increase in serum prolactin concentration elicited by administration of the serotonergic agonists quipazine or 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and by the serotonin uptake inhibitor fenfluramine also was potentiated by pretreating rats with 5,7-DHT. These data suggest that both serotonergic receptor supersensitivity and the absence of presynaptic uptake sites contribute to the enhanced responses to 5-HTP occurring in rats previously treated with 5,7-DHT. The findings further demonstrate that both behavioral and hormonal measures can be used to assess the sensitivity of serotonergic receptors and indicate that 5,7-DHT may be useful in evaluating the role of serotonergic neurons in neuroendocrine function. PMID- 6785816 TI - Serum and CSF levels of haloperidol by radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay during high-dose therapy of resistant schizophrenic patients. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of haloperidol were measured in 12 chronic neuroleptic-nonresponsive schizophrenic patients after 1 month on 60 mg haloperidol daily and then again after 1 month on 120 mg haloperidol daily. Serum haloperidol and CSF haloperidol rose with increasing dose. Serum and CSF levels were significantly correlated. No clinical improvement was achieved despite the high serum and CSF drug levels. PMID- 6785817 TI - Clinical efficacy of the new antidepressant bupropion (Wellbutrin) [proceedings]. PMID- 6785818 TI - Follicular dermatitis outbreak caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with a motel's indoor swimming pool. AB - Fourteen cases of pustular dermatitis occurred in members of a snowmobile club who swam in a motel pool in West Yellowstone, Mont., in February 1978. Survey questionnaires identified seven additional cases in guests at the motel the same weekend. All those with rashes had used the swimming pool and dry sauna on February 17 or 18. Among 56 survey respondents, swimming pool and sauna use were significantly associated with illness (P = .0002 by Fisher's exact test). Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 0:11 was isolated from a pustule on the skin of one club member and from four samples of the indoor-outdoor carpet that surrounds the pool. A specific precipitating event for the outbreak was not identified, but disinfection practices at this facility (a single daily chlorination, no measurement of chlorine levels, toleration of grossly cloudy water, soggy poolside carpet) may have established conditions in which P. aeruginosa could grow intermittently and cause disease. These cases are the first documented outbreak of P. aeruginosa dermatitis in which a whirlpool bath has not been implicated. PMID- 6785819 TI - The results of radiotherapy of cancer of the larynx in six European countries. PMID- 6785821 TI - Progressive bony dysplasia in Apert syndrome. AB - Ten patients with Apert syndrome (type I acrocephalosyndactyly) were studied. Seven of these patients were observed from infancy for periods ranging from 2 1/2 to 22 years. The patients presented with limited joint mobility and were found to have multiple radiographic abnormalities, including subluxated or flattened humeral heads, irregularities of the glenoid cavity, and early fusion of the calcaneus to the cuboid bone. The limitation of motion and bony defects were progressive, suggesting that Apert syndrome is a generalized dysplasia. PMID- 6785820 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty in hypertension associated with neurofibromatosis. AB - A case of a 19-year-old woman with generalized neurofibromatosis and hypertension due to left main renal artery mesodermal dysplasia is presented. Renal artery stenosis was effectively treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The relevant literature is also reviewed. PMID- 6785822 TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system by antibodies to serotonin and noradrenalin. A study in the rat and the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis). PMID- 6785823 TI - [Autoradiographic investigations on the proliferation of various cell types in rodent brains during pre- and postnatal ontogenesis]. PMID- 6785824 TI - Immunofluorescent and biochemical studies on dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and catecholamines in SIF cells of the superior cervical ganglion. AB - Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells in the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) of various laboratory animals were investigated: 1. Applying a combined method for successive demonstration of glyoxylic acid-induced catecholamine fluorescence and of indirect FITC-labelled antibody to dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) in the rat SCG very few SIF cell clusters stained DBH-positive. The majority of cell clusters was observed to be DBH-negative. In the guinea pig SCG, DBH-negative SIF cells were intermingled between DBH-positive SIF cells within large clusters. In the SCG of Syrian hamster, mouse C57BT10, desert mouse and rabbit all SIF-cells revealed the presence of DBH and thus of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (E). 2. Gaschromatographic/mass fragmentographic measurements of catecholamines in SIF cell clusters of the rat SCG, which were separated frm the surrounding principal neurons by microlaser, disclosed a considerable concentration of E, and also a very low concentration of NE, within SIF cells. The results corroborate the hypothesis of a SIF cell heterogenity within sympathetic ganglia. They may also be discussed on the basis of a functional dualism of one SIF cell population. PMID- 6785825 TI - [Fluorescent dyes of the Schiff-type]. PMID- 6785827 TI - [Conversion of thiazine dyes in submicroscopic structural determinations]. PMID- 6785826 TI - Thionine-Feulgen Congo Red -- a new staining technique for automated cytology. AB - A new staining method has been developed for an automated pre-screening device for cervical smears called BioPEPR. The method is a combination of the Feulgen technique with thionine as th Schiff reagent, and congo red. Thionine and congo red have absorption maxima at 585 nm and 500 nm respectively. The staining results in cells with an orange-red cytoplasm and brownish-blue nucleus. These smears can e easily screened using a normal microscope. The BioPEPR system scans photonegatives of the smears that are made at a magnification of ten using monochromatic light of 545 nm. The staining facilitates good discrimination between background and cytoplasm and between cytoplasm and nucleus, allowing morphologic parameters such as cytoplasmic area, nuclear area and nuclear integrated darkness to be well measured. PMID- 6785828 TI - The development of different regions of the spinal cord of the developing chicken embryo under normal and experimental conditions. Acid phosphatase section histochemistry combined with ultramicrochemistry. AB - Sciatic section ws performed in chicken embryos of 8 and 10 days of incubation. They were sacrificed 4 dys later. Acid phosphatase (AcP) was determined with ultramicrochemical methods in several regions of the grey matter of the lumbar spinal cord. The necrosis of anterior horn cells was accompanied by a strong increase in AcP activity. Furthermore, a significant rise in AcP activity in the basal part of the contralateral posterior horn was observed. This rise was not paralleled by any obvious change in th morphology of this region. PMID- 6785829 TI - Some aspects of the use of tetrazolium salts in quantitative histochemistry. AB - The reduction of tetrazolium salts to highly coloured insoluble formazans is a reaction which has been widely exploited in histochemistry. This presentation considers three important aspects of the use of these compounds in quantitative studies, namely purity, intermediate reduction products, and calibration and measurement. Thin layer chromatography of tetrazolium salts from different suppliers has shown that standards of purity can vary widely, and that some samples are seriously contaminated. Studies with chromatographically pure compounds have demonstrated that the red diffuse colour seen in some reactions with di-tetrazolium salts is due to a half-reduced reduction intermediate. This "half-formazan" is part of the total activity, and cannot be disregarded in quantitative work. An understanding of the chemical nature of formazan end products in tissue sections has made it possible to calibrate these reactions for microdensitometry. PMID- 6785830 TI - Quantitative aspects of the cytochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase with tetrazolium salts studied in a model system of polyacrylamide films. AB - The enzyme cytochemical demonstration of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) with several tetrazolium salts has been studied with an artificial model of polyacrylamide films in corporated with the enzyme, which enabled teh correlation of cytochemical and biochemical data. In the model films no formazan could be produced with BPST and NT in contrast to NBT and TNBT. The reason of this phenomenon is discussed. The concentration of acrylamide strongly influenced the retention of the enzyme activity in the model films. The best results were obtained with a film matrix composed of 12% (w/v) acrylamide plus 0.6% (w/v) bisacrylamide. In this kind of film the retention of the enzyme activity was 59.0 +/- 5.4 (% +/- S.D.; n = 9). It was found that the biochemical and cytochemical (with TNBT) assay as applied to the model films both behave according to the Lambert-Beer law and that there was a high correlation between th biochemical and cytochemical data (r = 0.995). PMID- 6785831 TI - The histochemical versatility of Sudan Black B. AB - Sudan Black B (SBB) is perhaps the most popular of all Sudan dyes yet its use in lipid histochemistry is severely limited. Not only does it fail to stain crystalline lipids but others such as some phospholipids and free fatty acids tend to dissolve in the dye solution. Lipids are less soluble after prolonged fixation in the presence of calcium, but calcium is ineffective in the short term. Bromine is a more successful lipid stabiliser and furthermore, after bromination cholesterol crystals become sudanophilic. Bromine-SBB, therefore, is a simple sensitive method for the detection of all lipids. With bromine the range of SBB staining can be extended to situations other than conventional fat staining; for example as a permanent stain in lipid chromatography. Bromine-SBB can also be used to demonstrate phospholipids selectively when all other lipids are extracted with acetone. The relationship between lipid distribution and certain metabolic functions of associated cells can be revealed simultaneously if enzyme histochemical procedures are followed by SBB and a suitable nuclear counterstain. PMID- 6785832 TI - A model study of the Sudan Black B staining of lipids. PMID- 6785833 TI - (Histo)chemical aspects of Sudan Black B in various solvents. AB - The spectral properties, chemical composition and practical use in histochemistry of Sudan Black B (SBB) dissolved in pure dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) have been investigated, in view of favourable characteristics of this solvent observed in previous work. The composition of SBB dissolved in DMSO, as determined with thin layer chromatography, appeared to be similar to that of SBB dissolved in aceton or 70% ethanol. The spectral properties of the two main components of SBB (SBBI and SBBII) also were the same in different solvents. A freshly made solution of SBB in DMSO proved to give good results in staining neutral lipids and phospholipids in frozen sections of rat liver and adrenal cortex, as well as with smears of isolated liver cell nuclei; during aging of such staining solution, however, a new secondary product is formed which greatly reduces the specificity of the staining. PMID- 6785834 TI - [Dye measurement in histochemistry: concepts and procedures]. PMID- 6785835 TI - [Specificity control in the immunohistochemistry of enteral peptide hormones]. AB - A great variety of peptide hormones have been demonstrated by immunocytochemical means in endocrine cells of the digestive system. Usually the specificity immunostaining in these cells is checked by antigen-adsorption of the antisera. This kind of specificity control, however, examines only antibody non-specificity but not staining non-specificity. Indeed staining non-specificities caused by ionic binding mechanisms are of considerable significance, at least for the immunostaining of some endocrine cell types (e.g. pancreatic glucagon- and PP cells, pyloric gastrin-cells, intestinal GLI-cells). Therefore immunoreactivities of these cell types should be investigated under various experimental conditions. According to our present findings the following investigations should be performed to exclude staining non-specificities in immunostained endocrine cells of the digestive system: 1. Running of ascending dilutions of primary and secondary antisera. 2. Comparative investigations using crude antisera and purified antibodies against the peptide in question. 3. Use of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with a relatively high salt content as a dilution agent for the antisera. PMID- 6785836 TI - [Immunocytochemistry and morphometry in model gastric cells in stomach antrum mucosa and in duodenal ulcers]. PMID- 6785837 TI - [Biochemical and quantitative histochemical investigations of proteases in rat submandibular gland]. PMID- 6785838 TI - [Cytochemical demonstration of enzyme activity in monolayer cell culture]. PMID- 6785839 TI - [Histologic-histochemical diagnosis in muscle biopsies]. PMID- 6785840 TI - [Demonstration of myocardian necrosis using histochemical and histophysical methods]. PMID- 6785841 TI - [Changes in enzyme activity in nerve and sheath cells in experimental intervention]. PMID- 6785842 TI - [Pathology of neurons -- preferences and differences in the neuronal attack system in experimental radial nerve dystrophy induced by chloroquine]. PMID- 6785843 TI - Immunohistochemistry of vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysin in the hypothalamus and extrahypothalamic regions of the human and primate brain. AB - Vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysin were localized in the brains and spinal cords of four primates (tree shrew, squirrel monkey, rhesus monkey and human) using antisera to these peptides and the unlabelled antibody-enzyme peroxidase antiperoxidase method. Magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamus stained positively for vasopressin, oxytocin or neurophysin. Parvocellular neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) stained positively for vasopressin and neurophysin but not for oxytocin, in all four species. Magnocellular oxytocin, vasopressin and neurophysin neurons project to permeable capillaries in the neurohypophysis, as well as to various extrahypothalamic neural target areas including the central amygdala, nucleus of the solitary tract, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, lateral reticular nucleus, dorsal horn, central grey and intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord. In target areas, terminals contact somata and dendrites. Parvocellular vasopressin and neurophysin neurons of the SCN do not project to the neurohypophysis, and project only to neural target areas, including the lateral septum, mediodorsal thalamus, lateral habenula, mesencephalic central grey, medial amygdala and ventral hippocampus. (Due to the relatively poor tissue preservation in human autopsy specimens not all projections found in the other primates could be confirmed in humans.) These findings confirm and correlate well with previous descriptions made in rodents, and indicate that vasopressin, oxytocin and neurophysin projections to neural targets are present in primates. Peptides released from these projections probably do not enter the bloodstream, but are rather involved in neural mechanisms. PMID- 6785844 TI - [Radiological images of complications during parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6785845 TI - Interference of Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth by aerobic bacterial representatives of the urogenital flora. AB - Aerobic bacterial isolates obtained from endocervical, vaginal and urethral swabbings were tested for interference of neisseria gonorrhoeae growth on solid medium. Simultaneous antagonism was studied using the lawn spotting method, and delayed antagonism by the basal spot/lawn method. From 58 swabbings we recuperated a total of 181 isolates, 71 of those were found interfering with at least one out of four gonococcal strains (G-1, G-2, G-3 and G-4). Similar percentages of interfering isolates were obtained from each of the isolation sites. The identification of the interfering isolates has revealed that similar numbers of coagulase negative staphylococci and identical numbers of group D streptococci were found for each of those sites. The majority of the interfering isolates and also of the inhibitory coagulase negative staphylococci showed only simultaneous antagonism. To complete the interference spectrum, we have tested all the active urogenital isolates against four other gonococcal strains (G-7, G 9, G-10 and G-11). This spectrum showed clearly that interference is not an all or none phenomenon. While the gonococcal interference spectrum of most of the Gram positive cocci and the Acinetobacter sp. strains is broad, that of all the other isolates is relatively narrow. Gonococcal strains G-7 and G-9 were the most susceptible to inhibition by the interfering urogenital isolates while strain G-3 was the most resistant one. PMID- 6785846 TI - Thyroid cancer: tumour markers. PMID- 6785848 TI - The pharmacology of ftorafur (R, S-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6785847 TI - Increased resistance to tumor graft in mice infected by vaccinal strains of Brucella abortus. AB - Kinetics of proliferation in vivo and the effect on murine tumors of the vaccinal strain Brucella abortus B19 and two derivatives, 19BA and B19R, were studied. Inocula of 5 x 10(6) organisms of each strain produced comparable infections peaking on day 8. Several protocols of Brucella treatment yielded favorable results in EL4 lymphoma and Lewis tumor. The treatment for EL4 lymphoma seemed optimal 8--14 days after infection with 5 x 10(6) -- 5 x 10(7) organisms. In comparison with BCG, Brucella grew faster in vivo and accumulated more in the spleen. The effects of BCG and Brucella were comparable on EL4 lymphoma, but BCG was less effective than Brucella on Lewis tumor. The results encourage trials using live Brucella vaccine as an antitumor agent in man. PMID- 6785849 TI - The FAM regimen for gastric cancer: a progress report. PMID- 6785850 TI - Recent advances in chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6785851 TI - Studies of analogs of fluorinated pyrimidine in Japan. PMID- 6785852 TI - Respiratory chemosensitivity evaluated by respiratory drive and breath holding. AB - Ventilatory response to CO2 (delta VE/delta PCO2), respiratory drive (delta P0.1/delta PCO2), breath-holding time (BHT) on 100% O2 and log BHT/PCO2 slope during CO2 rebreathing was assessed, in 19 control subjects and in 22 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with hypercapnia (PCO2 greater than 50 mm Hg). The log BHT/PCO2 slope was expressed as the PCO2 increment to half the BHT. We found no correlation between BHT on 100% O2 and delta VE/delta PCO2 or delta P0.1/delta PCO2 in controls and COPD subjects. delta PCO2 halving BHT had an inverse statistical significant correlation with delta VE/delta PCO2 and delta P0.1 delta PCO2 in controls and patients. In contrast to delta P0.1/delta PCO2, the delta PCO2 halving BHT increased in COPD patients and there are patients with normal respiratory drive but prolonged delta PCO2 halving BHT. The delta PCO2 halving BHT as delta VE/delta PCO2 cannot be substituted for delta P0.1/delta PCO2 in the clinical assessment of respiratory chemosensitivity in COPD patients. PMID- 6785853 TI - [Recurrent ileitis in disseminated lupus erythematosus. Therapeutic and nutritional problems]. PMID- 6785855 TI - [Von Recklinghausen's disease. Pathogenesis]. PMID- 6785854 TI - [Diagnosis of Von Willebrand's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785856 TI - The nature of respiratory changes associated with sleep onset. AB - This study provides a systematic examination of factors that may contribute to respiratory changes associated with sleep onset. The electroencephalogram, alveolar CO2 tension, patterns of abdominal and thoracic respiratory movements, and respiratory rate were measured in three sessions each on 12 normal subjects as they fell asleep, and also on 5 of them as they lay awake. Nonintrusive respiration measurement devices were used. Resting awake CO2 tension was found to increase significantly across sessions. In addition, CO2 tension was significantly higher during stages 1 and 2 of sleep than during wakefulness on days 2 and 3. There was also a shift from relatively greater abdominal expansion toward relatively greater thoracic expansion with sleep onset. None of these changes occurred when subjects remained awake during a session. We conclude that changes in respiration with sleep onset cannot be accounted for solely by changes due to habituation, merely lying quietly, or the effects of the measuring devices. Rather, they appear to be caused by a central interaction between centers controlling the level of wakefulness and those controlling respiration. PMID- 6785857 TI - [Protein-calorie malnutrition in infants and young children]. PMID- 6785858 TI - [Suggestions for the preventive, curative and rehabilitation treatment of severe dystrophy and protein-calorie malnutrition in infants and young children]. PMID- 6785859 TI - [Neonatal hepatitis syndrome]. PMID- 6785860 TI - [Leukoerythroblastic anemia in children]. PMID- 6785861 TI - [Diagnostic and prognostic anthropometric indices in children with intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 6785862 TI - [Etiological reconsideration of spontaneous pneumomediastinum in infants]. PMID- 6785863 TI - [Incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome). Appraisal of 2 cases]. PMID- 6785864 TI - [Acute pancreatitis in children]. PMID- 6785865 TI - [Comparative study of the Duhamel and Duhamel-Haddad technics in the surgery of Chagas megacolon]. PMID- 6785866 TI - [Enteral feeding by jejunostomy: technic and indications]. PMID- 6785867 TI - The prevention of infection: a brief history. PMID- 6785868 TI - [Anti-DNA antibodies and extractable anti-nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) (assay methods and diagnostic significance)]. PMID- 6785869 TI - [Radiological diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the choledochocele (author's transl)]. AB - The article demonstrates the radiological morphology of choledochocele, a rare form of cystic dilatation on the common bile duct, on the basis of the author's own observations. The article also goes into the aspects of differential diagnosis. Besides the constant filling defect with smooth contours of the duodenum descendens, intravenous cholangiography visualizing the choledochocele filled with contrast medium, presents a radiologically typical image. PMID- 6785870 TI - [Pediatrics in 1981]. PMID- 6785871 TI - Plasma phosphorus and magnesium values during treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Plasma phosphorus and magnesium were determined in 76 diabetics, admitted with severe ketoacidosis (pH less than or equal to 7.20, total CO2 less than or equal to 10 mEq/l) before and 24 hours after beginning the treatment, which did not include supplementary phosphorus or magnesium. Phosphorus presented initially high values (1.76 + 0.69 mEq/l) which fell substantially 24 hours after beginning the treatment (0.87 +/- 0.26 mEq/l); magnesium values, initially low (0.76 +/- 0.19 mEq/l), fell still further within 24 hours of treatment (0.64 - 0.16 mEq/l). For phosphorus (and to a lesser extent for magnesium) calculation of the regression line indicated a direct positive relationship with both hydrogen ion concentrations (r = 0.67) and blood glucose (r = 0.73), the differences being statistically significant. The more rapid the decrease in glycemia and correction of acidemia and the greater the amount of glucose administered in the course of treatment, the more marked was the fall of plasma phosphorus and magnesium values. PMID- 6785872 TI - 'Non-active' pepsin secretion compared with stimulated secretion by bethanechol, histamine, pentagastrin, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The role of vagal innervation. AB - The present studies were performed on a double-pouch dog with one vagally innervated Amdrup pouch (AP) and one denervated Heidenhain pouch (HP), allowing comparison of pepsin secretion from innervated and denervated mucosa at the same time in the same animal. 'Non-active' secretion of pepsin was determined by instillation in the pouches of 0.1 M and 0.005 M HCl, 0.15 M NaCl, and 0.03 M phosphate buffer, and well-known stimulators of gastric secretion such as histamine, pentagastrin, bethanechol, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were tested as pepsigogues. Cholinergic stimulation by 2-DG and bethanechol (Urecholine) was clearly the most potent stimulus of pepsin secretion. 2-DG elicited secretion only from innervated mucosa, whereas the responses to bethanechol were similar in the two pouches. Histamine and pentagastrin were weak stimulators, but both provoked active and sustained secretion of pepsin when given in small doses. Higher doses of histamine strongly inhibited pepsin output. The effects of histamine were independent of vagal innervation. By contrast, the active stimulation by pentagastrin only took place in innervated mucosa. The highest outputs were seen in the lowest doses, but also very high doses of pentagastrin elicited active pepsin secretion in the AP. Medium doses of pentagastrin brought the secretion down the the 'non-active' level. The chief cells in the denervated mucosa were quite insensible to pentagastrin, and the pepsin output in the HP equalled the non-active' response at all dose levels. PMID- 6785873 TI - Physiological stimulation of pepsin secretion. The role of vagal innervation. AB - The studies were performed on eight double-pouch dogs with one vagally innervated Amdrup pouch (AP) and one denervated Heidenhain pouch (HP), allowing comparison of pepsin secretion from innervated and denervated mucosa at the same time in the same animal. Food stimulation was done with a mixture of liver, heart, and bonemeal in doses of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 g/kg body weight, plus maximal stimulation by repeated meals of 5 g/kg every 15 min up to 10 times. 'Non-active' secretion of pepsin was determined by instillation in the pouches of 0.1 M and 0.005 M HCl dissolved in 0.15 M NaCl. The pepsin secretion in the HP equalled the 'non-active' output for all doses of food. In the innervated pouch there was an immediate, very high pepsin output similar to the response that can be elicited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose and bethanechol chloride. The secretion of pepsin was gradually reduced, but it was, as long as the volume and electrolyte secretion lasted. well above the 'non-active' level. The results show that stimulation of pepsin secretion by food is completely dependent on intact vagal innervation. The volume and acid output were increased as the dose of food was increased, but the concentration of pepsin was stepwise reduced when the volume increased, resulting in approximately the same output of pepsin for all doses of food. The pepsin to acid ratio was statistically higher in juice secreted from innervated than from denervated mucosa for all doses of food, for lower doses of histamine and pentagastrin, and for higher doses of bethanechol chloride. PMID- 6785874 TI - The lack of effect of propranolol on the intestinal phase secretion in the dog. AB - Four mongrel dogs were prepared with a Heidenhain pouch, a gastric fistula, and a 90-cm-long Thiry-Vella loop. After recovery, the jejunal loop was perfused for 3 h with either 5% liver extract or with 0.15 M NaCl, and measurements of gastric acid and pepsin secretion and serum gastrin levels were performed. The experiments were repeated during beta-adrenergic blockade induced by intravenous infusion of propranolol in a dose of 20 micrograms/kg/min. As control, propranolol was also given alone without intestinal perfusion. Perfusion of the jejunal loop with liver extract caused a significant acid secretion from the Heidenhain pouch and gastric fistula. In addition, significant pepsin secretion was obtained, but only from the gastric fistula. The serum gastrin levels remained unchanged during intestinal perfusion. Beta-adrenergic blockade did not influence any of these measurements. The results suggest that the intestinal phase hormone also stimulates pepsin secretion in dogs. Furthermore, it seems that neither the release nor the action of this hormone is controlled by the beta adrenergic nerves in the gut. PMID- 6785875 TI - Augmented parietal cell sensitivity to histamine after cimetidine treatment in healthy subjects. AB - Basal and histamine-stimulated (0.4, 1.6, 6.4, and 25.6 micrograms . kg-1 h-1 of histamine dihydrochloride) gastric secretion was studied in 2 groups of 10 healthy young subjects before and 60 h after cessation of 4 weeks of cimetidine treatment, 1 g/day. Basal acid and pepsin outputs were not significantly different before and after treatment. After cessation of treatment acid output in response to the two lowest doses of histamine had increased significantly, whereas the output in response to the two highest doses of histamine was unchanged. The results are consistent with a hypersensitivity of the parietal cells to histamine stimulation after cessation of cimetidine treatment in healthy subjects. Pepsin output in response to histamine stimulation and catabolism of exogenous histamine were not influenced by treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 6785876 TI - Allogeneic H-2 dose not cross-react, at the helper T-cell level, with Hapten modified Self. AB - Helper T cells raised in CBA mice and enriched in vitro with specificity for trinitrophenylmodified syngeneic spleen cells can activate hapten-modified B cells bearing Ik. These helper cells fail to activate B cells expressing any of six independent I-region haplotypes, indicating lack of cross-reactivity between hapten-self and allogeneic I-region products. Furthermore, hapten-derivatized allogeneic B cells are also not activated, demonstrating that the elements restricting T-cell function are poorly, if at all, cross-reactive. PMID- 6785877 TI - Antibody diversity: something for everyone. PMID- 6785878 TI - Influence of tonsillar disease on the expression of J chain by immunoglobulin producing cells in human palatine and nasopharyngeal tonsils. AB - A significant reduction of the percentage of J-chain-positive intra- and extra follicular IgA immunocytes was found in inflamed palatine tonsils. There was a tendency to similar alterations in hypertrophied adenoids. Tonsillar disease apparently enhances local maturation of the B-cell system, perhaps on the basis of intensified proliferation of memory clones. Alternatively, there may be a disease-associated defect in the mechanism(s) that normally induced switchover to the IgA isotype early in clonal development. It is speculated that, by decreasing the J-chain expression during local B-cell differentiation, tonsillar disease may jeopardize the potential of the tonsils as a putative precursor source for the secretory immune system of the upper aero-digestive tract. PMID- 6785879 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease of bone: diphosphonates or calcitonin?]. AB - During the past 6 years 16 patients suffering from Paget's disease of bone have been treated and regularly followed up in our department. 10 of these patients have received etidronate (ethane-hydroxy-diphosphonate), 4 others have received synthetic human calcitonin and the last 2 have received both treatments, first successively then simultaneously. Under either therapy satisfactory clinical and biological results have been observed (diminution of pain and decreased levels of serum alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyprolinuria). Etidronate has been more efficient in reducing biological parameters, whereas calcitonin has produced a faster symptomatic response. On the basis of these observations the present principles for treatment of Paget's disease are discussed. PMID- 6785880 TI - [The problem of infectiousness of tuberculosis patients during chemotherapy]. AB - In 1979 two patients with cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis were treated by a combination of three tuberculostatic drugs. During 12 1/2 and 16 1/2 weeks M. tuberculosis could be cultured in sputum and gastric juice respectively. Culturable M. tuberculosis are capable of infecting guinea-pigs and consequently are also infectious for humans. PMID- 6785881 TI - Investigation of the presence of toxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the Netherlands. PMID- 6785882 TI - Rapid forgetting of a spatial habit in rats with hippocampal lesions. AB - Rats with lesions of the hippocampus or mammillary bodies were impaired in learning reversal problems in a T-maze. Test trials given after learning each reversal disclosed little forgetting in the mammillary body group but rapid forgetting in the hippocampal group. These findings resemble those recently reported in patients with amnestic syndromes. PMID- 6785883 TI - Antibodies: getting their genes together. PMID- 6785884 TI - Somatic cell hybrids from frog lymphocytes and mouse myeloma cells. AB - Stable somatic cell hybrids were obtained by fusing Xenopus lymphocytes with mouse myeloma cells. These hybrids contained one to four Xenopus chromosomes and expressed Xenopus gene products, one of which was a lymphocyte membrane protein of 85,000 daltons precipitated by a monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6785885 TI - Divalent cation ionophores stimulate resorption and inhibit DNA synthesis in cultured fetal rat bone. AB - Two divalent cation ionophores, A23187 and Ionomycin, which are selective for calcium, stimulated the resorption of fetal rat long bones in organ culture at 0.1 to 1 micromolar but not at higher concentrations. Both agents inhibited DNA synthesis at concentrations that stimulated resorption. These results might explain the differences in ionophore effects on bone previously reported, and they imply that cell replication is not required for osteoclast formation in fetal rat long bone cultures. PMID- 6785886 TI - Corticosterone increases the amount of protein 1, a neuron-specific phosphoprotein, in rat hippocampus. AB - Corticosterone increased the amount of the neuron-specific phosphoprotein protein 1 in the hippocampus, a brain region rich in corticosterone receptors, but not in several brain regions that contain relatively few corticosterone receptors. PMID- 6785887 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and gonococcal arthritis (GCA): II. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. AB - This is the second part of an integrated review of disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI) and gonococcal arthritis (GCA). It covers clinical manifestations, spectrum of GCA, diagnosis and treatment. These disorders are important since DGI may be the most frequent form of acute arthritis in sexually active younger females, and other selected groups. Although the spectrum of disease is varied, it may be classified into stages and clinical subgroups. N. gonorrhoeae strains causing DGI in the U.S. have been highly sensitive to penicillin. Such findings require revision in beliefs that high-dose intravenous penicillin is needed for effective initial therapy of GCA. Recommended treatment protocols for localized gonorrhea and DGI are reviewed as well as the occurrence and implications for treatment of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG) infection in the U.S. PMID- 6785888 TI - [Survival time in breast cancer after postoperative irradiation with various technics]. PMID- 6785889 TI - [A diagnostic oriented approach to amenorrhea]. AB - A practical approach to the diagnosis of amenorrhea is presented. By utilizing a flow-chart 410 patients with amenorrhea were categorized in the following groups: (i) polycystic ovarian disease; (ii) hypergonadotrophic amenorrhoea; (iii) hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea; (iv) normogonadotrophic amenorrhoea; and (v) hypergonadotrophic amenorrhoea. This approach helps the practising physician to come to a logical aetiological diagnosis in each category and saves time as well as money. This approach depends on clinical as well as appropriate laboratory examinations, most of which can be done by the private practitioner. Only a minority of patients need sophisticated and costly examinations. PMID- 6785890 TI - Protein versus energy in protein energy malnutrition. AB - The balance of evidence indicates that protein deficiency is more constant than energy deficiency in cases of kwashiorkor. I suggest that well-conducted dietary histories with early home visits would confirm this in South African cases. In areas and groups from which kwashiorkor patients come, a pre-kwashiorkor state has to be detected by laboratory tests, e.g. plasma albumin measurement. Simple anthropometric measurements are not enough. Strategies for prevention must depend on local attitudes and resources, but throughout the world enthusiasm for protein rich vegetable mixtures has waned. Selective provision of milk powder for sick children in clinics may be a cost-effective measure. PMID- 6785891 TI - Direct reimbursement-the sensible cost effective approach to dental benefits. PMID- 6785892 TI - [Epileptic seizure at the beginning of lithium carbonate treatment]. PMID- 6785893 TI - The mechanism of the inhibitory effect of protease inhibitors on platelet aggregation and cellular synthesis of prostaglandins. I. The effect on the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids. PMID- 6785894 TI - Fibrinopeptide A release by factor-IX concentrates and FEIBA fraction (factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity). PMID- 6785895 TI - Factor VIII inhibitor bypassing activity: a suggested mechanism of action. PMID- 6785896 TI - The factor VIII-independent activation of factor X by factors IXa and VII in plasma. PMID- 6785897 TI - Variant forms of procoagulant-like factor VIII in hemophiliacs. PMID- 6785898 TI - Relation between urinary bicarbonate concentration and carbon dioxide tension in patients with proximal or distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6785899 TI - Abnormalities in the contact activation through factor XII in Fujiwara trait: a deficiency in both high and low molecular weight kininogens with low level of prekallikrein. AB - Fujiwara trait, the first case of kininogen deficiency in Japan previously reported which did not show any clinical symptom except the prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time was further examined. The activated partial thromboplastin time of the patient was corrected by addition of normal, Factor XII deficient or Fletcher plasma, but not corrected by Fitzgerald or Williams plasma. It was also corrected by addition of highly purified bovine or human high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen, but not by low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen. When total kininogen was measured as the amount of bradykinin released by trypsin, only a trace amount was detected in Fujiwara as well as Williams plasma. No immunoreactive protein against anti-human-HMW-kininogen nor anti-human LMW-kininogen was found in Fujiwara plasma. Acetone-kaolin-activated plasma kallikrein was not generated by Fujiwara plasma. Substitution with normal plasma in various ratios showed the generation of various plasma kallikrein activities. Calculations with these activities of mixed plasma gave the prekallikrein content of Fujiwara trait plasma about 30% of the normal level. These results suggest that Fujiwara trait is very similar to Williams trait in that both plasmas were deficient in HMW and LMW kininogens with reduced content of prekallikrein. PMID- 6785900 TI - The delayed effects and the basal follicle numbers developed by females of Culex pipiens L. Emerged from treatments of larvae with partially-lethal concentrations of Altosid and Dimilin. AB - The possible juvenilizing effects of Dimilin and Altosid against larvae of Culex pipiens L. were studied. Apart from delayed lethal action, possible effect on the mean number of basal follicles developed per female has been considered. A baseline exposure was found which caused only low mortalities of the early 4th larval instar. Results showed a correlation between the overall deaths during development and the sex ratio. Higher mortality increases the proportion of females. Treatments with 0.00001, 0.0001 and 0.001 ppm Dimilin caused 9.6%, 33.6% and 18.6% increase in the mean basal follicle numbers developed per female, respectively. In the case of Altosid, these levels of increase were 23.1%, 26.5% and 23.8%, respectively, after treatments with the same concentrations. PMID- 6785901 TI - End-point determination in EDTA decalcification using ammonium oxalate. PMID- 6785902 TI - Anomalies in the staining of chitin by the fluorescent chitinase technique. PMID- 6785904 TI - A simple, direct extraction method for gas-liquid chromatographic determination of valproic acid in plasma. AB - A single high-recovery extraction process is described for rapid gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) determination of valproic acid (VPA). The drug is extracted from acidified plasma into an equal volume (0.2 ml) of chloroform. Evaporation is avoided by extraction into a chloroform bed, from which an aliquot is analysed by isothermal GLC employing a column packed with 10% DEGS. The reproducibility and accuracy of the method was good. In 100 plasma samples from patients, there was an excellent correlation (r = 0.98) between VPA levels determined concomitantly by this method and the technique for Kupferberg. Single plasma samples can be analysed in 20 min, and 40 samples can easily be analysed daily by a single technician. Ethosuximide concentrations can also be determined simultaneously. The method is suitable for emergency and routine use in drug monitoring laboratories. PMID- 6785903 TI - [Clinical and teratological animal experimental studies on the etiology of malformations with special reference to cheilognathouranoschisis]. PMID- 6785905 TI - Malignant schwannoma of the neck. PMID- 6785906 TI - Fetal death due to extreme maternal Rh immune augmentation. AB - A 19-year-old woman who denied previous transfusion or pregnancy delivered a stillborn RhO(D)-positive male fetus at 38 weeks' gestation. IgG antibodies with the specificities anti-Rh0(D), anti-rh"(E), anti-Jka, and anti-Yta were eluted from the fetal red blood cells. In the maternal serum, the antiglobulin titer of anti-Rh0(D) was 1:20,000 and the saline (IgM) titer was 1:1,024. Amniocentesis findings at 36 weeks had suggested only mild, if any, fetal hemolysis, but the stillborn infant showed signs of severe hemolytic disease with cardiac failure. This case appears to represent an unusual augmented immune response to fetal red blood cell antigens. PMID- 6785907 TI - Endocrine function of the heterotopic pancreatic allotransplant in dogs. II. Immediate post-transplant period. AB - Pancreatic endocrine function was investigated in dogs after heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation. A marked hyperinsulinemia was found in peripheral venous blood within the first 60 min postoperatively. This was associated with hypoglycemia and hypokalemia occurring within the next 2 to 3 hr resulting eventually in death. The hypoglycemia could be corrected by parenteral dextrose and potassium given during the first 2 hr postoperatively or prevented by parenteral hydrocortisone given at the time of transplantation. PMID- 6785908 TI - Endocrine function of the heterotopic pancreatic allotransplant in dogs. AB - After pancreatectomy and heterotopic pancreatic allotransplantation in dogs, there was a pattern of endocrine activity similar to that found following a combination of pancreatic denervation and total transposition of the pancreatic venous effluent from the portal of the systemic venous circulation. Denervation of the pancreas alone or total venous transposition alone did not mirror these results. The mechanism of the effect of these two factors is discussed. PMID- 6785909 TI - Islets of Langerhans implanted in diffusion chambers do not initiate antibody production. PMID- 6785910 TI - Rejection of islet "isografts" in a strain of Lewis rats. PMID- 6785911 TI - Major histocompatibility complex antigens in rat kidney, ureter, and bladder. Localization with monoclonal antibodies and demonstration of Ia-positive dendritic cells. AB - Monoclonal mouse xenoantibodies to the SD and part of the Ia antigen complex of the rat major histocompatibility complex (MHC) were raised, and used to localize MHC antigens on frozen sections of kidney, ureter, and bladder of the DA rat strain. The Ia antigens recognized by our monoclonal antibody were located almost entirely within the cells of some, probably the proximal, convoluted tubules of the kidney. The only other Ia-bearing structures were intensely Ia-positive dendritic cells found predominantly in the renal cortex and in the mucosal connective tissues of the ureter and bladder. The SD antigens were widely distributed in the kidney with a major portion again located within the tubular cells, although in the case of SD antigens all tubular cells, including those of the medulla, were positive. By far the brightest tubules were clusters in the outer medulla, probably representing the thick loops of Henle. The endothelium of arterioles, venules and glomerular and interstitial capillaries all stained very brightly for SD antigens. The glomerular mesangium and the interstitial connective tissues of the kidney, ureter, and bladder all gave diffuse positive staining for SD antigens. Transplantation studies established that the tubular Ia and SD antigens of the kidney are produced by the cells and are not in the process of excretion or reabsorption. PMID- 6785912 TI - Ly-15: a new murine lymphocyte alloantigenic locus. AB - Immunization between CXB recombinant inbred mice selected for their identity at known loci led to the production of antisera recognizing two specificities: the previously described Ly-9.2 alloantigen and a new specificity, Ly-15.1. A monoclonal antibody to the Ly-15.2 specificity is also described. The Ly-15 specificities were found on thymus, on lymph node and spleen cells, and on liver, but were absent from kidney, brain, and red blood cells. PMID- 6785913 TI - [Ultrastructural investigations on the effect of cyclophosphamide on experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections (author's transl)]. AB - Strains of low virulent Trypanosoma cruzi are difficult to maintain in experimental hosts, but they can be activated by the immunosuppressive effects of cyclophosphamide (CY), a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. An attempt, using electron microscopy, to find out whether CY had any effect on the morphology of the bloodstream forms of the parasite failed to detect any differences when those from CY-treated hosts were compared with those from controls. PMID- 6785914 TI - Identification of Theileria infections in the salivary glands of Hyalomma anatolicum anatoli cum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus using isoenzyme electrophoresis. AB - Lysates prepared from the salivary glands of uninfected Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and from ticks of these species infected with 2 strains of Theileria annulata and 1 strain of T. parva respectively have been examined for enzyme polymorphism using thin layer starch gel electrophoresis. Representative enzymes from 3 of the major metabolic pathways, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the glycolytic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway were investigated. Only 1 enzyme, glucose phosphate isomerase, showed differences between the host cell activity and the parasite activity and also inter- and intraspecific differences between the parasites. This technique represents a useful complement to the present histochemical methods for identification of Theileria infections in the salivary glands of ticks. PMID- 6785915 TI - [Sputum-culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 6785916 TI - Effects of Na2 EDTA and alpha-chymotrypsin on aqueous humor outflow conductance in monkey eyes. PMID- 6785917 TI - Renal size in Fabry's disease. AB - Measurement of renal size in patients with Fabry's disease - angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, universale - shows renal enlargement in the third decade, followed by a decrease in kidney size in the fourth and fifth decades. These changes are apparent before the deterioration of renal function signals impending renal failure. PMID- 6785918 TI - Multiple ureteral diverticula. AB - Only 30 cases of multiple ureteral diverticula have been reported previously. We present a new case of this benign condition and review concepts concerning its etiology. Usually discovered on retrograde pyelography, multiple ureteral diverticula are only inconsistently associated with a history of obstruction or infection. When present, however, these factors may play a role in precipitating mucosal herniation through preexisting weak areas in the ureteral wall. PMID- 6785919 TI - Urinary tract infection after injection of pseudomonas into bladder. AB - Pseudomonas urinary tract infection was studied in female mice. The bladder was exposed by a lower midline incision and an overnight washed culture of Pseudomonas (0.05 ml.) was injected into the bladder. This resulted in infection of the kidneys in more than 50 per cent of mice at one week. At four hours, the microulceration of the bladder was observed with many Pseudomonas int the base of the ulcer. The presence of acute inflammation on the serosal surface of the bladder, the frequent death of the mice, the presence of cortical foci of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the kidneys, and bacteremia suggested that bacteremia may play a significant role in the development of the renal infection in this model of urinary tract infection. Bacteria injected through the bladder wall of mice cannot be assumed to produce ascending infection of the kidney. PMID- 6785920 TI - [Effect of blood transfusions during surgery on pulmonary gas exchange and hemodynamics after partial lung resections]. AB - Under conditions of a thoracic trauma and injection of even a small amount of microaggregates of blood during the operation is known to considerably deteriorate the functional state of the system of external ventilation in the postoperative period. In this connection, hemotransfusions during intrathoracic operations should be prescribed for strict indications. Microfiltration of blood is found to be necessary even for the transfusion of small amount of conserved blood. PMID- 6785921 TI - Environmental influences on reproduction in horses. PMID- 6785922 TI - Hormonal control of early pregnancy in the mare. PMID- 6785923 TI - Effect of noxythiolin in infected wounds. PMID- 6785924 TI - [Clinical manifestations and x-ray diagnosis of duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 6785925 TI - [Effect of a measured physical load on metabolic processes under an increased air levels of carbon dioxide]. PMID- 6785926 TI - Studies on ultrafiltration of antihemophilic factor. AB - Ultrafiltration as an alternative approach to reprecipitation was studied in the production of an intermediate-purity antihemophilic factor concentrate suitable for clinical use. Almost complete recoveries of factor-VIII-related activities have been demonstrated across the processing step resulting in increased net yield of the product. Several important processing parameters are discussed. The product thus prepared is stable and has improved VIII:C/mg fibrinogen ratio. PMID- 6785927 TI - Monoclonal anti-B as a new blood-typing reagent. AB - Stable cloned lines of anti-B-secreting cells have been derived by fusing spleen cells of a mouse immunized by group B antigen with a mouse myeloma line. The tissue culture supernatant of one of them (NB1/19.112.28) containing secreted monoclonal anti-B antibody is an especially good blood-grouping reagent, well suited for use with manual and automated methods. The unlimited availability of a potent reagent of uniform properties, cheaply produced by a single source, makes monoclonal anti-B a serious competitor to human typing serum. PMID- 6785928 TI - The effect of female sex hormones on fetal development and infant health. PMID- 6785929 TI - Wholesomeness of irradiated food: report of a joint FAO/IAEA/WHO Expert Committee. PMID- 6785930 TI - Dermatitis due to zinc deficiency associated with prolonged malnutrition and total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6785931 TI - Activation and inhibition of rat hepatic UDP-glucuronyltransferase by mercuric acetate. AB - 1. The effects of mercuric acetate on glucuronide conjugation of bilirubin and 4 methylumbelliferone in vitro represent a new type of modifier of UDP glucuronyltransferase activity. 2. Bilirubin UDPG-transferase was normally activated (optimally 4-fold), inhibition was seen only at high concn. of Hg2+. 4 Methylumbelliferone UDPG-transferase was normally inhibited by Hg2+, but at high concn. of UDPGA (10 mmol/l) slight activation was seen. 3. Activation of bilirubin conjugation was unaffected by Mg2+ concn., indicating that the mechanism of Hg2+ activation differs from that caused by Mg2+. 4. Glucuronidation of bilirubin in liver microsomes from control rats, or rats treated with phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene or TCDD respond similarly to Hg2+, confirming with phenobarbital, methylcholanthrene or TCDD respond similarly to Hg2+, confirming the view that bilirubin conjugation is not inducible by these inducers. PMID- 6785932 TI - [Electroencephalographic provocation methods in childhood]. PMID- 6785933 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetic studies on dogs following systemic and intraportal gentamycin infusion. AB - Our results, which confirmed on the basis of our experiment that Gentamycin in the bile is extracted by the liver only after prolonged systemic infusion and only in low concentration, contrasted with intraportal infusion of the drug resulting in doses above MIC level after 30 minutes and the difference is highly significant after 60 minutes. PMID- 6785934 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of mineral and trace elements. I. Concentration of zinc in the whole blood and serum of pregnant women and newborn (author's transl)]. AB - The behavior of the zinc level in whole blood and in the serum of 158 gravid patients during the 10th ot the 40th week of pregnancy is studied as well as that of 154 mothers and newborns immediately post partum. The analytic results are related or correlated with the blood groups and rhesus factors of the mothers with the sex of the newborn as well as with the zinc values of mother and child. It is shown that: 1. The disturbance of zinc metabolism during pregnancy in whole blood and serum is just as marked in normal pregnancies as in pathological ones. 2. Lowering of the zinc level is equally great in primiparas as well as in multiparas. 3. The blood group of the gravid patient has no influence on the level of zinc in the maternal whole blood. 4. The rhesus factor as well is of no influence on the zinc level in the whole blood and in the serum of pregnant women. 5. The zinc deficit in the already considerably lowered zinc whole blood values of newborns is significantly greater for male babies than for female babies. 6. The differences in zinc levels in mother and child show no clear-cut meaning. PMID- 6785935 TI - [Computer-assisted long-term ECG analysis in patients with artificial trial pacemaker (AAI) (author's transl)]. AB - Control of AAI-function is limited. To investigate the efficacy of AAI stimulation, a computer-assisted analysis system for long-term ECG records was developed using "Multipass-Scanning I". 12 patients (5 females, 7 males, 33--78 years old with AAI) underwent Holter-monitoring for 24 hours continuously. THe ECGs of 5 among the collective with heart rate programmable AAI were recorded three times each with different AAI stimulation rates (50--80 b.p.m.). The number of AAI-induced heart beats in relation to the total number of QRS-complexes (AAI QRS%) was 43 +/- 37% mean. AAI-QRS% during day showed a significantly lower distribution (35 +/- 38%, p less than 0.01) than during night (58 +/- 40%, p less than 0.001). Using an AAI-stimulation frequency of 50 b.p.m., only 9% of the heart beats were AAI-induced during day. Whereas AAI-QRS% increased to 72% during night in patients with AAI-stimulation frequency of 70 b.p.m. The interval between the PM-spike (S) and the following answer of the heart, i.e. SR-interval, demonstrated also a circadian behaviour: SR max occurred between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m. It was significantly prolonged to the SR min. (9--31%, m 20%, p less than 0.0001), which occurred between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. So the presented computer assisted long-term ECG analysis system for AAI-pacemakers is able to evaluate the efficacy of AAI with regard to different AAI-stimulation rates. The quantity of AAI-induced heart beats is dependent on patient's heart rate, its circadian behaviour and the stimulation rate of the AAI. The SR-interval also demonstrated a significantly circadian pattern, which can be related to the vagus-influenced PQ- and also AH-interval. PMID- 6785936 TI - [Oxygen tension in skeletal muscle in patients with reduced O2-carrying capacity (author's transl)]. AB - In 10 patients (age: 31--72 years) oxygen supply of skeletal muscle was measured by pO2-multiwire technique. All patients suffered from chronic renal failure of differing etiologies and from chronic renal anemia. In muscle tissue 1,128 different O2-tensions were registered and the results were expressed as pO2 histograms. Seven of these pO2-histograms show a normal distribution, three are shifted to the left to lower O2-tensions. Therefore the microcirculation in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic reduced O2-carrying capacity is largely undisturbed. The microcirculation is able to increase with exercise as shown by a shift to the right in the PO2-histogram. The use of the pO2-multiwire electrode is largely devoid of risk to the patient. Important pathological features may be demonstrated. PMID- 6785938 TI - [Intensive care of polytraumatized patients]. PMID- 6785937 TI - [Kinetic measurement of cutaneous anaphylactic reactions in rats]. PMID- 6785939 TI - [Immunological estimation of bovine casein in sheep cheese products (author's transl)]. AB - Casein fraction of cow's milk and sheep's milk are very similar in their immunological behavior. Therefore, in the presence of sheep's milk, precipitation reaction with commercially obtained serum are not specific. Results from comparative immunoelectrophoresis according to Grabar and Williams also are equivocal, for heat and other denaturing factors caused shifts in the pattern of just the small group of differing elecrophoretic bonds present among many identical bonds. Qualitative identification of large amounts of cow's milk added to sheep's milk or of bovine casein to sheep cheese or similar products are possible in principle by two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis or so called crossed immunoelectrophoresis as described by Clarke and Freeman, but this estimation takes a lot of time and is not suitable for analysis of a series of samples. Sufficient sensitivity for certain and semiquantitative statements about the content of cows' milk casein in products from sheep's milk are obtained by the technique of radial double diffusion by Ouchterlony in Agarose gels only by the saturation of commercial anti-bovine-casein-serum by means of a suitable protein-standardized sheep's milk extract and its subsequent work-up and lyophilisation to yield a stable serum. PMID- 6785940 TI - [Clinical significance of peptide hormones LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, HCG, parathormone, calcitonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha in kidney neoplasms]. AB - Peptide hormones LH, FSH, TSH, e-peptide, prolactin, HCG, PTH, calcitonin and prostaglandin F2 alpha were evaluated in 25 patients with renal adenocancer. Prolactin elevation found in 45% was unrelated to the stage of the disease, while aberrant TSH and FSH were more sensitive in indicating distant metastasis. Prostaglandin F2 alpha, measured as a stable degradation product 13,14-DHK-PGF2 alpha, was frequently elevated and normalized following tumor nephrectomy within 12 month. Serum PTH was decreased in patients with tumor dissemination suggesting resorptive hypercalcemina, whereas none of the patient had circulating HCG levels. Therefore even patients without any paraneoplastic syndromes have a frequent change of peptide hormones directly or indirectly caused by renal cancer. PMID- 6785941 TI - [The diagnostic importance of immunoglobulin in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6785942 TI - [Progress in transplantation of the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - In the field of pancreas transplantation great progress has been made in recent years. While the transplantation of the whole organ has lost importance, success could be reached with the transplantation of isolated islets of Langerhans and with the segmental pancreas transplantation in experiments and in clinical practice. The present-day research is focused particularly on influencing the antigenicity of the endocrine pancreas tissue and on methodical problems of segmental pancreas transplantation. PMID- 6785943 TI - [Activities of peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactatedehydrogenase in amniotic fluid in normal and pathologically affected pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Reported in this paper are measurements of peroxidase as well as of alkaline phosphatases, both stable and labile to heat, and of lactatedehydrogenase in amniotic fluid. Included in the investigations reported were cases of normal pregnancy, pregnancy with low-weight infants, gestoses, and Rh incompatibility. The above enzymes proved unsuitable for assessment of foetal condition, as may be seen from the results. Identification of pregnancy age below 30 weeks was found to be possible by peroxidase determination. PMID- 6785944 TI - [Clearance and phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the isolated perfused liver of gnotobiotic rats after pretreatment with the paraimmunity inducer, PIND AVI]. PMID- 6785945 TI - [Luminescent-serologic analysis of the antigenic interrelationship between R. canada and classic representatives of rickettsiae of the typhus group]. AB - The results of studying the antigenic relationships of R. canada, a new Rickettsia species, and classical Rickettsia species of the typhus group are presented. The study was carried out by luminescent serological analysis with the use of corpuscular antigens and the live infectious agent cultures. R. canada and Rickettsiae of the typhus group were similar in their antigenic structures; this, however, could be revealed only in the study of the live cultures of the infectious agents. The study of corpuscular antigens revealed unilateral relationship: R. prowazeki antigen could be detected with homologous and heterologous sera, R. canada antigen with homologous serum only. In the CFT and the agglutination test corpuscular R. canada antigen reacted with homologous and heterologous sera. The study of the live cultures of the infectious agents revealed that different R. prowazeki and R. typhi strains vary in the degree of their similarity to R. canada. PMID- 6785946 TI - [Level of rosette-forming cells in patients with meningococcal infections]. AB - In patients with the generalized form of meningococcal infection a disease in the level of T-lymphocytes was revealed at early stages of the disease. This decrease correlated with the gravity of the process. On week 2 of the disease an increase in the level of B-lymphocytes was observed, which probably occurred due to the appearance of the clone of antibody-producing precursor cells. The content of specific rosette-forming cells, carrying receptors to the cell-wall antigens of group A and C meningococci, increased in the blood of patients on week 1 of the disease, which did not correlate with the increase of the titer of specific antibodies on weeks 2-3. PMID- 6785947 TI - [State of cellular immunity and phagocytes in guinea pigs infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae]. AB - The work presents the results of the study of experimental Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in guinea-pigs. A considerable increase in the engulfment of mycoplasmas and blood leukocytes was found to occur on days 14-28 after the infection. The correlation between the degree of the engulfment of mycoplasmas by macrophages and the activity of lymphocytes in the reaction of blast-cell transformation with phytohemagglutinin and Mycoplasma antigen was observed. The peculiarities of the course of infection in sensitized animals were revealed. Virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were found to have a toxic effect on the lymphocytes and macrophages of guinea-pigs. This effect was neutralized by specific antiserum. The importance of these facts for the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma infection is discussed. PMID- 6785948 TI - [Certain mechanisms of the effect of acupuncture on the sympatho-adrenal system of tobacco smokers]. AB - Daily excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) was examined in smokers being treated by acupuncture. It was shown that the effect of the acupuncture treatment depended on the initial functional activity of the sympatho-adrenal system. A marked therapeutic effect was observed in patients in whom a 15- to 18-hour-long abstaining from smoking prior to the treatment let to a shift in the ratio between the excreted adrenaline and noradrenaline towards prevalent excretion of the former. It was believed that such a change in the excretion of the catecholamines was due to the emotional disturbances associated with the beginning of the nicotinic abstinence. The positive therapeutic effect of acupuncture consisting in giving up the smoking completely was combined with normalization of the catecholamine excretion. PMID- 6785949 TI - Effects of antiplatelet and calcium antagonist drugs on infarct size in rats. AB - The authors performed the experimental model of infarct-like myocardial lesions in rats treated with large doses of ISP. Myocardial necrosis was assessed on the basis of serum enzyme changes as well as of gross and microscopic findings. The infarct size was measured by a direct enzymatic method assaying creatine kinase (CK) depletion in infarcted myocardium. Pretreatment of the infarcted rats with antiplatelet (Lysin Acetyl Salicylate) or calcium antagonist drugs (Verapamil or Nifedipine) allowed the reduction of the necrotic area. Since a smaller size of infarct was achieved through different types of interventions it should be suggested that ISP-myocardial damage is due to several effects of the drug involving metabolic, vascular and/or coagulative patterns. PMID- 6785950 TI - Direct evidence in men for a role of endogenous oestrogens on gonadotrophin release. AB - In six healthy subjects serum oestradiol was selectively decreased by administering an aromatase activity inhibitor, hydrotestolactone (HT). After HT administration serum oestradiol (Oe2) decreased from 18.7 +/- 2.3 (SEM) to 6.7 +/ 0.6 pg/ml whereas testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) blood levels were not modified. These oestradiol changes were associated with a significant increase in serum LH and FSH concentrations (P less than 0.001). The administration of tamoxifen, an oestrogen antagonist, to 5 subjects caused a sharp increase in LH and FSH levels (P less than 0.001). Oe2 was unchanged after the treatment with tamoxifen, whereas T levels were significantly higher. The sum of these data suggests that oestradiol under physiological conditions plays a specific role in the feedback mechanism of gonadotrophin release. PMID- 6785951 TI - Gonad-gonadotrope interactions: plasma gonadotrophin levels and tumour induction in long-term castrated rats. AB - The patterns of gonadotrophin secretion in intact controls and in male and female rats castrated for up to 36 months were established utilizing specific radioimmunoassay methods. Plasma LH increased 14-16 fold and FSH rose 4-8 fold in rats of either sex in the first 30 day interval showed an additional 76% increase of LH in both sexes and increases in FSH of 32 and 61% in males and females, respectively. These levels were maintained for an additional 34 months. The number of hypophyseal gonadotrophin containing cells, studied by immunohistochemical localization techniques, increased following gonad removal in a pattern similar to that for the circulating hormones. Development of gonadotrophin secreting concentrations which suggests that the gonadotropes are uniquely resistant to tumourogenesis unlike mammotropes, thyrotropes, and corticotropes. PMID- 6785952 TI - Effect of epinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine on in vitro thyroid iodine organification. AB - The effect of epinephrine (E) and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine (5-HT) on some elements involved in thyroid iodine organification was studied using a bovine thyroid subcellular fraction sedimented at 30 000 g. 131I-incorporation into particulate proteins and into tyrosine ws increased by 10(-3) M and 10(-5) M E and 5-HT. This effect was inhibited by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil and by catalase. In the presence of these amines the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was not modified. Both E and 5-HT were able to generate H2O2 when added to the particulate fraction as measured by the oxidation of o-dianisidine. H2O2 generation and [131I]iodotyrosine formation were inhibited by pargyline, a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor. Tyramine, a specific substrate for thyroid MAO, produced H2O2 and increased [131]iodotyrosine formation. This effect was higher when compared to the effect elicited by E or 5-HT. The stimulatory effects of tyramine were blocked by pargyline. The action of tyramine on H2O2 generation and [131I]iodotyrosine formation was diminished when E or 5-HT were incorporated to the system. From these results it suggested that E and 5-HT serving as MAO substrates would generate H2O2 and in this way increase the thyroid iodine organification. On the other hand, these amines would be able to reduce the increased H2O2 generation induced by tyramine and thus decrease the iodination process. These findings could explain the stimulatory or inhibitory effects of biogenic amines on thyroid function which are dependent on the previous thyroid activity. PMID- 6785953 TI - [Studies on the properties of the factor VIII after DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin) in normal individuals (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785954 TI - Plasma cell acid phosphatase as an adjunct in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal immunoglobulinemias. AB - Plasma cell acid phosphatase has been studied in 51 patients, 30 of whom were affected with multiple myeloma (MM) and 21 with nonmyelomatous monoclonal immunoglobulinemias (NMMI). Scoring of results displayed a highly significant difference between the median of the MM and NMMI group (343 vs. 204). The use of plasma cell acid phosphatase as a further criterion in the differential diagnosis of monoclonal immunoglobulinemiasis emphasized. PMID- 6785955 TI - Effect of physical effort on the white blood cells in benign familial leukopenia. AB - The components of the peripheral white blood cells (WBC) were determined before and after 10 min of submaximal ergometric work in two groups of subjects: 34 healthy Yemenite Jews with benign familial leukopenia (BFL) and 34 healthy Yemenite Jews without BFL. The mean +/- SEM of the increase in the peripheral WBC following the effort in the control group was 2,606 +/- 1,272 cells/mm3, due to the relative rise in the neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and lymphocytes. The identical ergometric work, performed by BFL subjects, brought about significantly lower increase (700 +/- 865 cells/mm3) in the peripheral WBC, the majority of which were lymphocytes. It seems that subjects with this form of BFL lack granulocytes in the marginal pool. PMID- 6785956 TI - Basophil production. IV. Morphology of basophils in liquid culture. AB - Guinea pig bone marrow basophils were cultivated in vitro and morphological observations were made by light and electron microscopy. Maturation of basophils in vitro is supported by electron microscopic evidence for the development of a prominent Golgi zone with granule formation, nuclear chromatin changes, and specific periodicity of the intragranular matrix. Histochemical staining distinguishes these cells from other granulocytes, and mitotic basophils are recognizable on light microscopy. These methods allow more detailed study of the orderly growth and development of the basophil in a system where basophilopoiesis is actively taking place. PMID- 6785957 TI - Neutrophil peroxidase activity in women during the perinatal period. AB - Neutrophil peroxidase activity was determined before delivery in 46 pregnant women. 36 of these women were also tested on the 1st day and 30 on the 3rd day after delivery. A significant increase in the average values of neutrophil peroxidase activity was found in all parturients as compared with the controls. The highest peroxidase activity was observed before parturition. The possible mechanism of these changes is discussed. PMID- 6785958 TI - Heparin inhibition of the cytostatic effect of Adriamycin on cultured lymphocytes. PMID- 6785959 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia after radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy (CMF) for breast cancer. PMID- 6785960 TI - Testicular relapse in acute myelogenous leukaemia after 3 1/2 years of complete remission. PMID- 6785961 TI - IgA myeloma with lactation. PMID- 6785962 TI - Membrane markers and 14q+ acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6785963 TI - Considerations on combined factor VII and factor VIII defect. PMID- 6785964 TI - Haemoglobin Bart's and alpha-thalassaemia African children. PMID- 6785965 TI - HLA-A and HLA-B antigens in acute leukemia: A2--B12 phenotypes correlate with longer survival in acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - 89 patients with acute leukemia were studied for the frequencies of HLA-A and HLA B antigens. In this series, the frequency of the antigen A2 was increased in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and that of B12 in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. No precise antigen was associated with acute myeloblastic leukemia at presentation, but survival analysis showed that patients positive for the antigen(s) A2 and/or B12 did significantly better in terms of mean survival. Mechanisms by which HLA antigens may interact with the established disease and with the treatment are discussed. PMID- 6785966 TI - Use of the Hemalog D automated leucocyte differential counter in the diagnosis and therapy of leukaemia. AB - Of 46 adult patients with active leukaemia whose white cells were examined using a Hemalog D automated differential leucocyte counter, 45 showed abnormalities indicative of their disease, and the odd one out would not have been missed due to associated thrombocytopenia. Sequential studies while on chemotherapy allowed rapid and accurate neutrophil counts to be performed even in the presence of profound leucopenia and the re-emergence of blast cells in some cases was detected 2--3 weeks earlier than by microscopy. These findings indicate that the Hemalog D is reliable in the detection and can be useful in the follow-up of patients with leukaemia. PMID- 6785967 TI - Urinary granulopoietic activity in chronic myelogenous leukemia: follow-up and correlation with various phases of the disease. AB - Daily urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF) output was tested in 16 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, 12 of which were in stable phase and 4 in blast crisis of the disease. The CSF of stable-phase patients varied within normal range, while all patients in blast crisis had values lower than normal. Also the number of CFUC ranged within normal values in stable-phase patients, while no colony growth was detectable in blast-crisis patients. Sequential studies (28 or 11 months) of 2 patients revealed an inverse relation between daily urinary CSF and presence of peripheral immature or blast cells in the patient in stable or blast phase, respectively. PMID- 6785968 TI - Myelodysplastic syndrome. Clinical and prognostic significance of monocyte count, degree of blastic infiltration, and ring sideroblasts. AB - In a retrospective study 37 patient who fitted into the clinical spectrum of myelodysplastic syndrome were reviewed. Special attention was paid to the influence of monocyte count, degree of blastic infiltration and ring sideroblasts and on the clinical presentation and the course of the disease. Monocyte count clearly distinguishes between two groups of patients with different haematological profile and clinical course. The patients with monocytosis frequently changed to acute myeloid leukaemia and had shorter survival rates compared with those without monocytosis. The degree of blastic infiltration does not affect the haematological presentation and the frequency of acute leukaemia evolution. However, increased blastic infiltration is associated with shorter survival. Patients with ringed sideroblasts presented with profound anaemia but the clinical course of the disease did not differ from the remainder. PMID- 6785969 TI - Erythrocyte vitamin B12 activity in lactovegetarian pregnant Indian women. AB - Plasma and erythrocyte vitamin B12 levels were studied in pregnant Indian women consuming very little food of animal origin and compared with healthy non pregnant women from the same dietetic group. The comparison of the mean values for routine haematological parameters revealed distinct fall in haemoglobin, packed cell volume, plasma vitamin B12, and albumin levels in pregnant women. However, the mean erythrocyte vitamin B12 levels in pregnant women with haemoglobin of more than 10 g/dl did not differ significantly from the corresponding mean observed in non-pregnant subjects. It seems that in normal pregnancy, the fall in erythrocyte vitamin B12 is much less marked than the fall in plasma levels of this vitamin. PMID- 6785970 TI - Haemoglobin synthesis in bone marrow of patients with beta O and beta + thalassaemia. AB - Haemoglobin synthesis was studied in bone marrow erythroblasts and in reticulocytes of 4 children with beta O-thalassaemia major and of 7 children with beta +-thalassaemia major. In patients with beta O-thalassaemia the gamma/a ratio was found to be lower in bone marrow than in peripheral blood. On the contrary, in patients with beta + thalassaemia the beta + gamma/a ratio was more balanced in bone marrow, where the beta-chain synthesis was higher, than in reticulocytes. This last result could be explained by the presence of an abnormal m-RNA for beta chains in beta +-thalassaemia. PMID- 6785971 TI - Sister chromatid exchange distribution in bone marrow cell chromosomes from patients with refractory anemia. AB - Statistical analysis (chi2 test) of the interchromosomal distribution of sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells from 3 patients with refractory anemia showed significant differences concerning chromosome 1. Analysis of intrachromosomal sister chromatid exchange distribution concerning chromosome 1 showed that a considerable number of sister chromatid exchanges is localized in the terminal segments of both chromosome arms. PMID- 6785972 TI - Adenosine deaminase activity in plasma and blood cells of patients with haematological and autoimmune diseases. AB - Adenosine deaminase (ADA) has been assayed in plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes from 29 patients with haematological and autoimmune diseases. ADA activity was uniformly low in erythrocytes and lymphocytes from patients with non Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma (p less than 0.001). High levels of ADA activity was found in plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes from patients with myeloid leukemia (p less than 0.001). ADA was high in plasma but low in erythrocytes and lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune diseases treated with immunosuppressive drugs (p less than 0.05). 4 adults with congenital immunodeficiency showed decreased ADA activity. In the control group of normal blood donors we found a 34-year-old female with low ADA activity in plasma, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes without any immunological abnormalities. This is the 3rd case of a healthy individual deficient for ADA. 1 patient with Osler's disease and high ADA activity in erythrocytes showed the importance of the purine salvage enzyme not only in lymphocytes. PMID- 6785973 TI - 'Early' splenectomy and survival in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. An analysis of 338 cases published since 1940. AB - The data available for 338 cases of splenectomy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia published since 1940 were retrieved from the literature and analyzed. The median survival of cases operated upon at an early stage of the disease (as judged by their hemoglobin level, platelet number, and splenic size) was compared with the survival reported in conservatively treated patients diagnosed at an early stage of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. Survival time since diagnosis of patients with early splenectomy was similar to, or shorter than, that reported in conservatively treated patients with early agnogenic myeloid metaplasia. PMID- 6785974 TI - Haemostatic function changes in a trial on the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction with sulphinpyrazone. AB - The trend of some haemostatic parameters was investigated in a series of 186 myocardial infarction patients randomly allocated to sulphinpyrazone and placebo 15-25 days after the myocardial infarction episode in order to ascertain if one or more of these parameters may be considered as forecasting elements. The tests were performed a treatment allocation (basal values) and after 1, 6, and 12 months. In comparison with 44 healthy volunteers, the results have provided striking confirmation of 'hyperactive' platelets in the early phase of myocardial infarction expressed by the shorter bleeding time, increasing plasmatic beta thromboglobulin, increased platelet factor 4 release and shorter heparin thrombin clotting time, and by the increased platelet sensitivity to threshold concentrations of adenosine diphosphate and collagen. Significant changes in bleeding time, platelet factor 4 release and heparin thrombin clotting time persist at successive testing times. Platelet aggregation by low collagen concentrations was inhibited in the sulphinpyrazone subsample patients. PMID- 6785975 TI - Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in Egypt and the neighboring Arab countries: a regional form with three different patterns of clinical expression. AB - Childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in the western world is essentially an acute self-limited disorder. In contrast, the clinical expression of the disease in Arab countries, as revealed by a study of 160 patients from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oatar and North Sudan, is heterogenous forming a spectrum that includes three distinct clinical forms: (a) the acute self-limited form, (b) the intermediate form, and (c) the chronic adulthood-like form. The relative proportions of these forms were 40. 15 and 45%, respectively. The chronic form shows limited response to steroids, and runs a platelet count less than 100,000 microliters for more than 1 year, with a tendency for later spontaneous elevation in platelet counts during the first few years of a long follow-up. The intermediate form shows a transient steroid-induced complete remission giving place to widely fluctuating platelet counts above and below 100,000 microliters once the steroid dosage is reduced to maintenance levels. Platelet counts in excess of 100,000 microliters were achieved in this group by extending steroid maintenance therapy fo 6--9 months. In spite of a tendency to chronicity and partial resistance to steroids i the intermediate and chronic forms, the overall response to steroids was enough both to reduce the number of cases requiring splenectomy to 15%, and to prevent the development of major complications in all the children included in the study. PMID- 6785976 TI - Vitamin E and platelet aggregation. AB - In healthy persons, a daily dose of 2,000 IU of vitamin E given for 10 days does not prolong the bleeding time and has no influence on collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation nor on platelet prostaglandin synthesis. Therefore, even high doses of vitamin E have no place in platelet function suppressing therapy. PMID- 6785977 TI - Idiopathic mixed cryoglobulinemia in two sisters. PMID- 6785978 TI - Sulpiride and thyrotrophin releasing hormone loading test in patients with acromegaly. AB - The effects of sulpiride, a dopamine receptor blocking agent, and of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) were studied on prolactin secretion in 17 patients with acromegaly and 25 control subjects. THe basal serum prolactin level was increased in 9 acromegalic patients. After sulpiride loading, maximum changes in prolactin level were significantly smaller in acromegalic patients, irrespective of the basal prolactin concentration. TRH loading resulted in a decrease of prolactin secretion predominantly in the patients with high basal serum hormone levels. A blunted thyrotrophin response to TSH was found only in those acromegalic patients who had concomitant thyroid disease. Higher than normal basal prolactin levels in some of the acromegalic patients and abnormal prolactin responses following sulpiride and TRH loading in most of the patients with acromegaly are attributed to deranged hypothalamo-hypophyseal regulation. PMID- 6785979 TI - [Perception of leprosy patients by non-leprous persons in a hyperendemic area]. PMID- 6785981 TI - [Workshop on the human aspects of the treatment of leprosy patients]. PMID- 6785980 TI - [Control of leprosy: fantasies and possibilities]. PMID- 6785982 TI - [Leprosy in Uruguay. Control program]. PMID- 6785983 TI - [Current concepts in the treatment of Hansen's disease]. PMID- 6785985 TI - [Social aspects of the campaign against leprosy]. PMID- 6785984 TI - [Current role of neuro-surgical decompression in the treatment of Hansen's neuritis]. PMID- 6785986 TI - [Incidence of anti-Rho(D) antibody production in Japanese Rho(D)-negative women by Rh incompatibility between mother and fetus, and prognosis of the infants (author's transl)]. AB - The series was collected in 1973-1977 from 15 hospitals in Gunma Prefecture where all pregnant women were Rh-typed and blood samples were checked for antibodies by this laboratory. The total number of Rho(D) negative pregnant women was 435 and of these, 20 had developed antibodies. Three of these 20 patients had received blood transfusions. Six of the antibody containing patients were first immunized during the period of observation. Three of these 6 produced the antibody in the course of a first pregnancy and 2 in second pregnancy and 1 in third. The antibody titers increased after 20th gestational week, especially after 30th through 40th week in most of the patients. Three out of 9 infants, whose mother's antibody titers increased no more than 256 folds by papain treated red cells received phototherapy. In the cases of antibody titers more than 256 folds, 9 out of 11 babies received exchange blood transfusion. The mature infants were all alive healthily. There was no Rho(D) negative woman who repeated intrauterine fetal death by hemolytic disease of the fetuses. PMID- 6785987 TI - [The effect of Kaufmann therapy and large dose treatment of human menopausal gonadotropin on gonadotropin resistant ovary syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785988 TI - [Clinical and endocrinological evaluation on the progesterone challenge test for amenorrhoeic women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785989 TI - [Effects of lisuride [N-(D-6-methyl-8-isoergolinyl)-N',N'-diethyl-urea hydrogenmaleate] on reproductive endocrine function of women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785990 TI - [Serum levels of a immunosuppressive acidic protein in patients with gynecological cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6785991 TI - A sex difference of the concentrations of gonadotropins, its subunits and sex steroids in cord veins. AB - In order to elucidate the sex difference of cord blood hormones, concentration of hCG, hCG-alpha, hCG-beta, hLH, hFSH, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P) and testosterone (T) in cord veins were assayed by radioimmunoassays. Mean concentrations of cord vein hCG, hCG-alpha and hLH were significantly higher in female than in male, but those of hFSH and T were significantly higher in male than in female. Male and female cord vein levels of hCG-beta, E2 and P were not significantly different and hCG-beta and hFSh levels in cord veins at term are low in both sexes. These lower concentrations of hLH in male may be a result of the feedback inhibitory action by the higher concentrations of T in male at term. These data suggest a sex difference in the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins by the pituitary gland in the human foetus at term. PMID- 6785992 TI - Serum cholesterol concentrations in newborn infants with gestational ages of 28 42 weeks. AB - Serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and VLDL-LDL-cholesterol were determined in 53 newborn infants with gestational ages of 28-42 weeks. In pre-term infants (gestational age less than 37 weeks) the total cholesterol concentration in cord blood was higher than in term infants. Mean values were 2.4 and 1.7 mmol/l, respectively. The HDL-cholesterol/VLDL-LDL-cholesterol ratio was 1.8 in pre-term and term infants. In 11 pre-term and 17 term infants a second determination was made 3-4 days after birth. Total cholesterol had increased more in term than in pre-term infants and the difference found at birth and already levelled out. Mean value was 3.0 mmol/l in pre-term and term infants. The HDL-cholesterol/VLDL-LDL cholesterol ratio had changed to 0.6 in pre-term and term infants. Six-pre-term infants who received intravenous fluids only were also studied. Their values did not differ from those in pre-term infants fed orally. Free and esterified cholesterol were determined in 26 infants of varying gestational ages. About one third of the total cholesterol was in the free form in pre-term and term infants at birth and during the first days of life. PMID- 6785993 TI - Arthropathy in children with severe hemophilia A. AB - Seven children with severe hemophilia A were studied. The radiological findings show that the patients developed joint changes despite our prophylactic treatment, even if no restriction of movement or deformity could be detected by physical examination. In contrast to earlier reports indicating that changes in the knee joints were most common, our findings show that changes in the ankle joints predominate. Such changes developed, even after less than 10 registered joint bleeding episodes. Prophylactic treatment must start early and should aim to eliminate subclinical bleedings also. Increased dosage and shorter intervals between treatments lead to less bleedings. The dosage must be so high and the time interval so short that the F VIII level in plasma is greater than 0.01 U/ml at the time of the next infusion. Prophylactic treatment must be regular and should be given even if bleeding requiring treatment with a therapeutic dose occurred in the previous day. PMID- 6785994 TI - Pituitary-gonadal function in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6785996 TI - Neurological complications in hemophilia. AB - The clinical data of 59 patients with hemophilia A or B are reviewed. Intracranial bleeding was observed in 6 patients and a minor bleeding episode was assumed in a further 8 patients. Neurosurgical evacuation of the hematoma was necessary in 2 cases and the remaining patients were treated solely with factor VIII or IX. In 10 patients a peripheral nerve lesion was observed, paresis of the femoral nerve being the most frequent (5 cases). Two patients showed a lesion of the lumbar and sacral plexus, 2 patients a lesion of the radial nerve and one patient a lesion of the cutaneous femoris lateralis nerve. PMID- 6785995 TI - Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency in early childhood. Postnatal changes in serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone-binding proteins. AB - Serial determinations of serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin (TBPA) and albumin were performed in a euthyroid girl with TBG deficiency and in her mother for a period of 22 months after delivery. At 8 days old the child had a serum TBG concentration around 50% of normal level which remained essentially unchanged during infancy. Total serum T4 and T3 concentrations were low, the free serum T4, free serum T3 and serum TSH concentrations were normal. The mother had received thyroid hormone from the age of 15 years. Her serum TBG level at 6 weeks post partum was similar to that of non-pregnant adults but decreased to about 50% of normal level, indicating a TBG deficiency. She remained euthyroid after withdrawal of T4 therapy. Serum TBPA and albumin concentration were normal in mother and child. An X-linked inheritance of the TBG deficiency was suggested from a study of the family. PMID- 6785997 TI - Pulmonary complications of long-term respirator care in infants. AB - Twelve infantile autopsy cases up to 205 days using a long-term respirator care were examined in this study. These cases could be divided into three subgroups. The first group included the cases treated with long-term respirator care for hyaline membrane disease. In this subgroup, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was found during the course. The second group included the cases treated with long-term respirator care for other causes and were very premature infants. In this group, some cases showed bronchopulmonary dysplasia-like lesions. The third group was similar to the second group except for not being very premature. All groups had similar histological changes including alveolar cell desquamation, regeneration of alveolar lining cells, fibrosis, and smooth muscle-like tissue formation of alveolar walls. However, the premature lung tissues remained characteristically in some cases of the second group. In this group, the prematurity of lung was thought responsible for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia-like lesion. In addition to bronchopulmonary dysplasia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia like lesion, other changes including pneumonia, persistent ductus arteriosus, cytomegalic inclusion disease and so forth were discussed. PMID- 6785998 TI - Central action of low-molecular weight polyphloretin phosphate fraction in rats. AB - The central effects of a low-molecular weight fraction of polyphloretin phosphate (PPP) with molecular weight about 4600 were studied using several behavioural tests in animals (Lat's test, open-field test, hold-board test, irritability, spontaneous motor activity), chlorpromazine-induced catalepsy test, body temperature measurements, hexobarbital-induced sleep duration, reaction to thermal painful stimulus, measurements of arterial blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate. The activity of prostaglandin synthetase was determined also in the microsomes of bovine hypothalamic cells in vitro. Using some of the above tests the effect of PPP was studied on the central action of prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 (PGF2 alpha and PGE2). PPP was administered intraventricularly (i.c.v.) in various doses (doses producing the lowest pharmacological effect in a given test) 10 minutes before i.c.v. administration of these prostaglandins in doses of 1 or 10 microgram. It was shown that PPP (low-molecular weight fraction) injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle of the rat exerted a biological effect on the central nervous system manifesting itself as behaviour changes in the tests used, and as changes of the arterial blood pressure. PPP i.c.v. antagonized certain central effects of PGF2 alpha and PGE2. The degree of inhibition of various prostaglandins differed in relation to the test used and was somewhat stronger in the case of PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6785999 TI - Subgroups of phrenic motoneurons and their reactions to stimulation of vagal input. AB - In experiments with rabbits anaesthetized with halothane, paralyzed and artificially ventilated the homogeneity of phrenic motoneurons was investigated. It has been shown that there are two main subgroups: 1) "early" motoneurons whose activity continues throughout the whole inspiration at relatively low frequency and amplitude of action potentials. The pattern of firing and the responses of these motoneurons to stimulation of vagal input correspond closely to those of the whole phrenic nerve; 2) the second subgroup is formed by "late" motoneurons firing usually in the later two-thirds of the inspiration at high frequency and amplitude of action potentials, which are highly sensitive to vagal input inhibiting their activity. This subgroup is, presumably, responsible for the shape of the late part of the inspiratory discharge. PMID- 6786000 TI - Hypercapnia-induced thermoregulatory disturbances in rabbits at low ambient temperature. AB - The effect of 30 minute inhalation of a gaseous mixture containing 6% CO2, 21% O2 and 73 N2 on the thermoregulatory reactions was studied in rabbits at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 6 and 18 degrees C. At Ta 6 degrees C the CO2 inhalation caused a greater fall of the rectal temperature (Tre) as well as the subcutaneous and skin temperatures (TS1 and TS2) than at Ta 18 degrees C. At the same time, the gradients Tre-TS1 and TS1-TS2 decreased, the respiratory rate increased and the electrical activity of skeletal muscles was depressed in both thermal conditions. A considerable fall in heat production occurred only at Ta 6 degrees C, at which the initial electric activity of the skeletal muscles was also greater. These results suggest that Tre fall associated with CO2 inhalation at low temperatures was caused mainly by inhibition of shivering-thermogenesis, however, the changes in skin temperatures were without any greater importance for the body temperature at Ta 6 degrees C as well as at 18 degrees C. PMID- 6786001 TI - Estimation of capillary permeability of inulin, sucrose and mannitol in rat brain cortex. AB - The present study analyzed the brain uptake of the differently sized hydrophilic molecules 14C-inulin, 14C-sucrose and 14C-mannitol. constant tracer concentrations were maintained in blood plasma after renal ligation. Accumulation of the indicators was measured in brain cortex during the approach to steady state. At the conclusion of infusion periods of 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min, samples of cerebral cortex were analyzed for radioactivity. Fractions attributable to blood in the tissue were subtracted and time-dependent apparent distribution volumes of the indicators in the tissue were estimated. The brain level did not rise to more than 1--2% of that in the plasma for inulin and sucrose and to 6--7% for mannitol. The explanation for this could be a combination of restricted penetration from blood into brain and a sink effect of cerebrospinal fluid (csf). to determine the removal of the indicators into csf, ventriculo-cisternal perfusion was performed during the period of tracer uptake in the the tissue; the rate of passage of the indicators into perfusion fluid was found to be negligible in comparison to the rates of uptake in the tissue. As diffusion in the extracellular space could limit uptake rates from blood to brain, estimates of diffusion limited half-times were also made. Calculations showed that the major hindrance to indicator uptake in the tissue is located in the wall of the brain capillaries; thus the uptake data permit calculation of brain capillary permeability. The half-times for the distribution of the indicators in their equilibrated tissue distribution spaces were used to estimate brain capillary permeability. By comparison with the aqueous diffusion coefficients of the indicators it is concluded that the substances in the molecular weight range of 182 to 5 500 daltons are subjected to restricted diffusion during the passage of the blood-brain barrier and that in addition non-discriminative transendothelial pathways are available. PMID- 6786002 TI - [Different effects of tricyclic (clomipramine and amitriptyline) and tetracyclic (maprotiline) antidepressors on the release of thyroid stimulating hormone, prolactin and growth hormone to thyrostimulating releasing hormone in patients with psychoaffective disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The hormonal alterations induced by tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressors (AD) were studied in patients with psychoaffective disorders (PAD) to ascertain the role of certain biogenic amines in the regulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH). The responsiveness of plasma TSH, PRL and GH to synthetic thyrostimulating release hormone (TRH; 250 microgram i.v.) was determined in 57 patients distributed in 5 groups according to the treatment: 10 non treated patients, 16 tricyclic (clomipramine and amitriptyline) treated patients, 6 patients treated by clomipramine in association with lithium, 6 tetracyclic (maprotiline) treated patients and 19 patients treated by major neuroleptics. Results of untreated patients were compared to those observed in 10 age and sex matched normal subjects. Basal plasma levels of TSH were normal in all the patients. The TSH response to TRH (delta TSH) was blunted in non treated patients. delta TSH was normal in the patients treated by maprotiline or neuroleptics and increased in the group treated by tricyclic AD in association with lithium. Basal plasma levels of PRL and PRL response to TRH (delta PRL) were decreased in the women treated by tricyclic AD, but remained normal under maprotiline. They were markedly increased in the neuroleptic group. No inadequate response of GH to TRH was noted in our series of patients. The different hormonal effects induced by AD--dissociation between delta TSH and delta PRL under tricyclics and normal or increased delta TSH under maprotiline--may be logically explained by the various ways of action of these AD on the brain monoamines. delta TSH decrease and tendency to an increased delta PRL observed with clomipramine argue for a serotoninergic regulation of these two hormones, whereas the normalisation of delta TSH under maprotiline argues for a noradrenergic regulation of this hormone. Effectively, tricyclic AD inhibits mainly the serotonin recaptation and tetracyclic inhibits rather norepinephrine recaptation. The persistent delta TSH increase observed in the group treated by the association clomipramine-lithium demonstrates that the tricyclics do not interact with the hypophyso-thyroid positive feedback. PMID- 6786003 TI - Prevalence of dementia disorders in institutionalized Swedish old people. The work load imposed by caring for these patients. AB - The prevalence of dementia disorders were determined among 3,523 institutionalized patients aged 65 years or more in the county of Vasterbotten. Approximately one-third of the clientele were considered demented. The prevalence was calculated to be 3.7% of the population in the county. The frequency of dementia disorders among the patients in the somatic long-stay wards, the nursing homes, and the mental hospital was rather similar (55-65%). A surprisingly high percentage of demented (17.1%) was found in the homes for the aged. The work load was highest in the somatic long-stay wards and in the nursing homes. Patients in the mental hospital, however, differed markedly from those in other institutions with higher scores for aggressive and disturbing behaviour, which accounted for the large number of patients in the mental hospital with maximal work load. The findings are discussed with regard to future institutional care of demented patients and point out the need for better education in psychiatric care for the staff. PMID- 6786004 TI - Chronic hepatitis. PMID- 6786005 TI - Pituitary fuction during X-ray treatment of the hypothalamic-pituitary region as evaluated by the TRH test response. AB - The effect of conventional radiotherapy on the TRH response was studied in fourteen patients, all but one previously surgically treated for pituitary tumors. No change in the TSH response to TRH could be observed either during or after a four week treatment period, thus demonstrating relative resistance of the pituitary gland against irradiation in these patients. We also conclude that the diagnostic value of the TRH test remains unhampered during and in the immediate period after irradiation. PMID- 6786007 TI - Developmental stages in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 6786008 TI - Evaluation of left atrial function--a new approach to functional tests in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6786006 TI - Spinal neurinomas and meningiomas in children. AB - The literature on spinal neurinomas (N) and meningiomas (M) in children is reviewed, and five personal cases of N are added (one in the context of Recklinghausen's disease). The cases of N totalled 151, and of M 69, accounting respectively for 10.9% and 4.3% of childhood spinal tumours and 2.6% and 1.3% of spinal N and M of all ages. Sixty-one cases of N (16 in the context of Recklinghausen's disease) and 26 cases of M (5 in the context of Recklinghausen's disease) are analyzed in detail. N occurs chiefly between ages 9 and 15 years, the sex ratio is 3 : 2, all levels of the spinal canal are equally affected, and extradural N or conditions with an extradural component (48%) are more frequent than in adults (26.9%). M occurs chiefly between 12 and 15 years, the sex ratio is 3 : 2, the prevalence of the thoracic segment (47.8%) is less marked than in adults (81%), and the frequency of the extradural site (10.6%) is close to the sum of the extradural and dumb-bell lesions in adults (11.1%). In children vertebral signs, i.e., spinal rigidity and tenderness, and spasm of paravertebral muscles, are more intense, earlier, and more frequent than in adults, and the clinical history is shorter. The chances of recovery from neurological deficits are greater, as are those of malignant degeneration. PMID- 6786009 TI - Correlation of triaxicardiometrically determined p terminal forces and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6786010 TI - Determination of the area of the periinfarction zone using the data of 35 ECG precordial leads. PMID- 6786011 TI - Esophageal carcinoma: pretherapy staging by computed tomography. AB - Fifty-two patients with proven esophageal malignancy underwent esophagography, computed tomography (CT). esophagoscopy, and/or surgical exploration and resection. On the basis of CT findings, esophageal carcinoma was classified into four stages: stage I, intraluminal mass without esophageal wall thickening; stage II, esophageal wall thickening (greater than 5 mm); stage III, esophageal wall thickening and contiguous spread of tumor into adjacent mediastinal structures such as the trachea, bronchi, aorta, or atrium; and stage IV, any stage with evidence of distant metastatic disease. The stage of esophageal malignancy as determined by CT was correlated with symptoms, location of tumor, esophagography, and surgical findings. Results indicated that CT staging of esophageal carcinoma correlated closely with surgical findings and that local extension, regional adenopathy, and size of tumor mass were better evaluated by computed tomography than by other methods. CT is an accurate method of preoperatively staging esophageal carcinoma, capable of providing staging information heretofore only available by surgical exploration. PMID- 6786012 TI - Sonography of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - Twenty children with suspected hypertrophic pyloric stenosis were studied by sonography. The thickened pyloric muscle is seen as an anechoic mass 1.5 cm or more in diameter, with strong central echoes. Of the 16 infants with a pyloric mass of 1.5 cm or more, 15 underwent surgery and the diagnosis was confirmed. In four patients with a pylorus less than 1.5 cm, the diagnosis of pyloric stenosis was excluded and all were discharged without surgery. Real-time scanning is useful in localizing the pylorus and in demonstrating lack of passage of gastric content across the narrowed pyloric canal. PMID- 6786013 TI - Sonographic anatomy of the hepatic artery. AB - One hundred clinical abdominal sonographic examinations were assessed to determine the frequency with which various parts of the hepatic artery system were imaged. The common, proper, and right hepatic arteries were seen in a large percentage of cases (92%, 75%, and 73%, respectively). Sixty-one consecutive patients with dilated biliary ducts were evaluated to determine the relationship of hepatic artery branches to the biliary tree and portal venous system. Normal and variant hepatic artery anatomy is discussed. Knowledge of the hepatic artery system and its variations is useful in the sonographic assessment of problems involving the gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and portal venous system. PMID- 6786014 TI - Hepatic cysts: diagnosis and therapy by sonographic needle aspiration. PMID- 6786015 TI - Dynamic sonography in the evaluation of jaundice. AB - The value of dynamic sonography as a screening procedure in 84 jaundiced patients was examined and compared with the clinical evaluation of a blind prospective study. The predictive value of the sonographic diagnosis of obstruction was 97% and 84% in nonobstruction. The corresponding values of the clinical distinction were 87% and 92% respectively. The level of obstruction was demonstrated in 95% and the cause of obstruction was diagnosed in 68%. When the cause of jaundice is uncertain or obstruction is suspected clinically, dynamic sonography can offer high diagnostic accuracy and guidance for invasive investigations. PMID- 6786016 TI - Choledochal cyst with bile duct dilatation: sonography and 99mTc IDA cholescintigraphy. AB - Three cases of choledochal cyst associated with intrahepatic biliary dilatation are presented. Findings on sonography included a large cystic mass in the porta hepatis separate from the gallbladder; a dilated common hepatic or common bile duct entering directly into the cyst; the smaller cystic masses of dilated central intrahepatic ducts. The dilatation of the central intrahepatic bile ducts was moderate in two patients and massive in one patient. All three patients underwent operation with intraoperative cholangiography. Two patients had 99mTc IDA cholescintigraphy which confirmed the diagnosis of choledochal cyst by demonstrating filling of the cyst with stasis and delayed intestinal activity. The accurate preoperative diagnosis of choledochal cyst, made by sonography combined with 99mTc IDA cholescintigraphy, obviated invasive studies. PMID- 6786017 TI - Henoch-Schonlein syndrome in children: gastrointestinal manifestations. AB - Twenty-two patients with Henoch-Schonlein syndrome are reviewed, and four unusual cases are reported in detail. Henoch-Schonlein syndrome represents a diagnostic problem when abdominal manifestations precede cutaneous lesions and suggest a surgical abdomen. Unusual radiographic features such as changes in the small bowel identical to Crohn disease or colonic involvement may further obscure the diagnosis. Intussusception and rarely bowel obstruction may complicate the clinical course. The spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings is described to increase the awareness of the radiologist to the possibility of the diagnosis of Henoch-Schonlein syndrome. PMID- 6786018 TI - Carcinoma of the cervix: lymphangiography and computed tomography. AB - Twenty-four patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix examined by lymphangiography followed by computed tomography (CT) were reviewed to assess the findings and their impact on management. The lymphangiogram was of value in detecting metastases in relatively small nodes, (less than 1.5 cm maximum diameter) and in differentiating metastases from reactive hyperplasia in the larger lymph nodes which were opacified. Although as yet unable to define alterations in the internal architecture of lymph nodes. CT detected masses of lymph nodes totally replaced by neoplasm or those not visualized by lymphangiography. In addition, the local extension of the primary neoplasm and distant metastases, such as to the urinary tract, liver, and skeleton, were readily demonstrated by CT. In advanced or recurrent disease, CT provided new information on 10 of 17 patients but resulted in a change in management for only one. PMID- 6786019 TI - Value of CT and lymphography: distinguishing retroperitoneal metastases from nonseminomatous testicular tumors. AB - Sixty-three consecutive patients with nonseminomatous testicular carcinoma were prospectively examined for paraaortic metastases before undergoing a staging laparotomy with lymphadenectomies or biopsies. Fifty patients had computed tomographic examinations and paraaortic metastases were correctly predicted in 25 of the 38 patients (sensitivity 66%) with paraaortic tumor. In the 56 patients having the study, lymphography was more accurate as 34 of the 44 patients with metastases (sensitivity 77%) were identified. Using inferior vena cavography in 55 patients, only 24 of 41 patients with metastatic tumor (sensitivity 59%) were diagnoses. All three methods had specificities of 100% in those patients who were free of paraaortic metastases. Overall accuracies were 74% for computed tomography, 82% for lymphography, and 69% for inferior vena cava cavography. Although lymphography was the most accurate method for nonbulky tumor, computed tomography was most useful for defining the extent of bulk disease. Inferior vena cavography did not contribute any new information and was responsible for one false-positive result which was explained by computed tomography. A combination of lymphography followed by computed tomography provided the most accurate assessment of paraaortic metastases. PMID- 6786020 TI - Sonography of bladder and perivesical abnormalities. PMID- 6786021 TI - Bladder base impressions in women: "female prostate". AB - Bladder base impressions due to prostate hypertrophy are a common urographic finding in older males. A similar appearance may be occasionally seen in females and presents a more difficult diagnostic problem. Sixteen such cases of bladder base defects in females at two institutions were identified. The impressions were caused by symphysis pubis asymmetry, postoperative change, urethral diverticulum, levator ani impression, or "urethral syndrome." Vaginal fibromyoma, ectopic ureterocele, and intramural bladder neoplasm can also cause this defect, although no such cases were found in this series. PMID- 6786022 TI - Inflatable penile implant for impotence: radiologic evaluation. AB - A hydraulic four-part prosthetic device to enable penile erection is being implanted into selected patients with organic or psychogenic impotence. By controlling a pump mechanism implanted into the scrotum, the patient can cause penile erection and its subsidence. Complications of the procedure are related to the surgery and the mechanics of the prosthesis. Radiography is invaluable in detecting cylinder ballooning, cylinder buckling, fluid leaks from the system, and tube kinking. Radiographic evaluation of the device is done with a single, carefully monitored film with the penis in the oblique position and, if necessary, additional films in the anteroposterior position with the prosthesis inflated or deflated. PMID- 6786023 TI - Surgically correctable renal transplant complications: an integrated clinical and radiologic approach. PMID- 6786024 TI - Skeletal findings in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). AB - Radiographs were reviewed of the chest, hands, and feet of 55 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. These patients had been selected so as to exclude overlap syndromes, particularly mixed connective tissue disease. Soft tissue changes included flexion deformities, generalized or localized atrophy, and dystrophic calcifications. While resorption of distal phalanges was the most common bony change, osteolysis in other sites (feet, ribs, and mandibles) was also frequent. Twelve of 55 patients showed radiographic evidence of inflammatory arthritis, ranging from isolated to generalized joint destruction, that could not be attributed to overlap with rheumatoid arthritis or mixed connective tissue disease. PMID- 6786025 TI - Arterial occlusion: management of giant cell tumor and aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 6786026 TI - Pulmonary cystic fibrosis in the adult: early and late radiologic findings with pathologic correlations. AB - Radiographs of 50 patients age 17 or more with documented cystic fibrosis were reviewed. Peripheral nodular and nonvascular linear densities were common early abnormalities. Specific findings of bronchiectasis were found in 90% of all cases. Hyperinflation was seen in 76% of cases, especially in the lower lobes; atelectasis and all other abnormalities were more common in the upper (and middle) lobes. Cystic air spaces developed in 24% of cases. The severity of abnormalities (including hyperinflation, atelectasis, and bronchial changes) increased in 30 of the 39 patients with follow up for a year or more. Eight of the 15 patients who died came to autopsy. The lungs showed acute and chronic inflammation of airways, including peripheral bronchioles, with adjacent parenchymal inflammation of airways peripheral bronchioles, with adjacent parenchymal infiltrates and fibrosis. The surrounding alveoli were aerated and enhanced the visibility of the thick-walled airways, except in regions of lobar atelectasis, scarring, or active pneumonia. Large and small airway shadows can be described more precisely than by the terms "honeycombing," "interstitial" or "bronchovascular markings". PMID- 6786027 TI - Exogenous lipoid pneumonia. AB - Eleven patients with exogenous lipoid pneumonia are reported. A history of usage of oil was obtained in all, but in five only retrospectively after thoracotomy. The clinical presentations ranged from occasional cough to severe respiratory difficulties. The radiologic manifestations varied from a solitary lipoid granuloma and larger consolidations simulating carcinoma to extensive subacute bronchopneumonia. The definitive diagnosis was made by history and radiographic findings in three, by history and analysis of sputum or bronchial washings in two, and after thoracotomy in six. PMID- 6786028 TI - Delayed high dose contrast CT: identifying patients at risk of massive hemorrhagic infarction. AB - A prospective clinical study was done on 20 patients referred for computed tomography within 28 hr of a cerebral ischemic event. The patients were scanned before, immediately after, and 3 hr after a high dose of intravenous contrast medium was administered to produce prolonged high blood iodine levels. In seven patients the delayed scan demonstrated a heretofore undescribed type of contrast enhancement which represents the early massive vasogenic edema seen in experimental animals before confluent hemorrhagic infarction. Four of the seven patients developed hemorrhagic infarction. None of the remaining 11 patients with cerebral infarctions and conventional postenhancement CT patterns showed hemorrhage on follow-up CT scans or at autopsy. Two patients with transient ischemic attacks had normal CT scans. It may now be possible to predict patients in whom there is high probability of hemorrhagic infarction before blood appears on CT. Treatment of these patients should probably be aimed at preventing the devastating effects of the vasogenic edema. We speculate that heparinization or bypass surgery to reestablish circulation may be contraindicated in this group. PMID- 6786029 TI - Progressive posttraumatic cystic myelopathy: neuroradiologic evaluation. AB - The neuroradiologic evaluation and findings in 25 symptomatic patients with surgically proven progressive posttraumatic cystic myelopathy are reviewed. To follow patients with spinal cord injury, neuroradiologic algorithms were developed to confirm and define cystic myelopathy. The algorithm used in the early and mid 1970s relied on the myelographic demonstration of a large cord for suspicion of a cyst. Review of this material found that in progressively symptomatic patients 14 of 25 proven cysts were in large cords. A more recent algorithm used computed tomographic metrizamide myelography. In nine of 11 patients studied in this fashion, the cyst filled with contrast material 2--4 hr after injection, yet it did not communicate with the subarachnoid space at subsequent surgery. The origin of the cyst fluid and mechanism of cyst demonstration with metrizamide may be associated with transneural migration of fluid. This condition must be clinically suspected and radiologically confirmed for surgical treatment (cyst-shunt procedure) if neurologic preservation of function is to be maintained. PMID- 6786030 TI - Neonatal brain: sonography of congenital abnormalities. AB - Sonograms of the brain were obtained in six neonates with congenital intracranial abnormalities. Two of the six abnormalities were echogenic: a lipoma of the corpus callosum and calcific foci associated with toxoplasmosis. Four were anechoic (fluid) lesions including dilated ventricles in two patients, an aneurysm of the vein of Galen, and a Dandy-Walker cyst of the posterior fossa. In all but one patient (the patient with a lipoma of the corpus callosum), the ventricles were enlarged. Sonography has accurately detected and delineated the extent of the congenital intracranial abnormalities and its has been useful in monitoring the ventriculomegaly associated with these lesions. PMID- 6786032 TI - Thallium-201 peripheral perfusion scans: feasibility of single-dose, single-day, rest and stress study. AB - The distribution and redistribution kinetics of thallium-201 in the lower extremities were investigated to determine the relationships among the rest, stress, and delayed-stress perfusion studies. The distribution of perfusion when the tracer was administered at rest was compared with that when administered during stress, and the distribution 5--6 hr after the stress injection. The distribution was evaluated qualitatively by scanning and quantitatively by point counting. In nine of 10 subjects without peripheral vascular disease, the 5--6 poststress redistribution pattern was unchanged from the stress pattern and was different from the rest pattern. However, in all patients with peripheral vascular disease, the delayed poststress perfusion distribution had greater similarity to the rest pattern and was substantially different from that noted immediately after stress. Using the time frame of this study, the stress and delayed-stress 201Tl perfusion study of the lower extremities cannot be used to represent true rest perfusion. However, because of the similarity of the delayed stress to the true rest distribution in abnormals, it may be clinically useful in defining rest and stress alterations. PMID- 6786031 TI - Low dose streptokinase in the treatment of arterial occlusions. AB - Twelve patients with arterial occlusions demonstrated by angiography were treated using intraarterial "low dose" streptokinase delivered to the site of occlusion via a 5 French catheter. The catheter was embedded at the site of arterial occlusion if possible, but if not, was placed immediately proximal to the occlusion. Streptokinase was infused at 5,000 U/hr in a volume of about 50 ml using an arterial infusion pump. The technique was applied to vessels of the upper and lower extremities as well as the renal arteries. Of 12 patients infused, 11 had successful thrombolysis. No hemorrhagic complications were encountered. This technique is extremely promising as a method of treatment of thromboses of recent origin, especially in the poor operative candidate, and for angioplasty-related thromboses. PMID- 6786033 TI - Acute arterial gastrointestinal hemorrhage: efficacy of transcatheter control. AB - Sixty-five sites of arterial gastrointestinal hemorrhage in 63 patients were managed with transcatheter therapy. Arterial vasopressin infusion was attempted primarily for all but three sites; embolization was used in these cases and in those for whom vasopressin infusion failed to control bleeding. The results obtained suggest that this regimen, that is, primary vasopressin infusion with embolization reserved for infusion failures or contraindications, is more effective for control of arterial gastrointestinal hemorrhage than the use of either method alone. The role of primary embolization for control of this type of bleeding may need reassessment. PMID- 6786034 TI - CT in B-thalassemia: iron deposition in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. AB - The authors report the striking increase in lymph node density due to hemochromatosis observed with computed tomography (CT) in nine patients with Cooley anemia treated with multiple blood transfusions. The CT appearance and pathologic findings of hemochromatosis of the liver and spleen in three of these patients were also observed and correlated with pathologic specimens. CT density of the liver seemed to relate to the degree of hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis, rather than the amount of iron. Previous reports have not emphasized dense ferritinized lymph nodes in treated Cooley anemia patients. PMID- 6786036 TI - X-ray equipment performance: a 3.5 year case history. AB - The continuing performance of radiographic imaging systems has become increasingly important as the complexity and cost of these systems continue to escalate, as replacement funding becomes more difficult to obtain, and as advisory and regulatory agencies place increasing emphasis on equipment-oriented quality control procedures. As a guide to the continuing performance of these imaging systems, selected performance indicators for two general-purpose radiographic-fluoroscopic units have been monitored for a 3.5 year period. The observations suggest that with inspection and adjustment at 6 month intervals for generator, x-ray tube, and beam restriction systems, and at 2 month intervals for the intensified fluoroscopic imaging system, the overall performance of the imaging systems can be maintained at a high level of consistency equivalent to the performance achieved when the equipment was initially installed. PMID- 6786035 TI - Plain film findings of hydropneumoperitoneum. AB - Abdominal radiographs of 11 patients with hydropneumoperitoneum were reviewed. The centrally located air collection was noted in nine of the 11 patients. In the other two patients with a large amount of fluid in the pelvis, the air bubble was located in the upper abdomen. In two patients, the edge of the centrally located large air bubble was ringed by a number of small bubbles. The falciform ligament was demonstrated in five. Air-fluid levels were seen in the upper abdomen in six patients in whom upright films of the abdomen were obtained. Hydropneumoperitoneum should be suspected in supine abdominal radiographs when one recognizes a large air collection with or without surrounding small air bubbles. PMID- 6786037 TI - Prostatic carcinoma: rectal bleeding after radiation therapy. PMID- 6786038 TI - Cystic adventitial disease of the popliteal artery. PMID- 6786039 TI - Correlation of barium enema and CT in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6786040 TI - Abdominal aortic aneurysm: unusual cause for left hemidiaphragmatic elevation. PMID- 6786041 TI - Nonexpandable lung after drainage of pneumothorax. PMID- 6786042 TI - Arteriographic localization of parathyroid adenoma in the presence of lingual thyroid. PMID- 6786043 TI - CT of iliac unicameral bone cysts. PMID- 6786044 TI - Misleading CT in parosteal osteosarcoma. PMID- 6786045 TI - Epiphysiometaphyseal changes in children after severe meningococcic sepsis. PMID- 6786046 TI - Epiphyseal sclerosis in renal osteodystrophy simulating osteonecrosis. PMID- 6786047 TI - Arthrography in recurrent dislocation of the elbow. PMID- 6786048 TI - A piggyback technique for percutaneous insertion of large catheters. PMID- 6786049 TI - Air as a gastrointestinal contrast agent for identifying pseudoascites in the newborn. PMID- 6786050 TI - Pediatric bronchography: simplified method for selective visualization. PMID- 6786051 TI - A uniform, CT-based staging system for malignant neoplasms of the alimentary tube. PMID- 6786052 TI - Post-CT abdominal film: a radiologist's obligation. PMID- 6786053 TI - Where are you from? Where have you been? PMID- 6786054 TI - CT in diaphragmatic rupture? PMID- 6786055 TI - Computed tomography in 75 clinical cases of syringomyelia. AB - Seventy-five patients with a clinical diagnosis of syringomyelia were examined by computed tomography after intrathecal injection of metrizamide. A central cavity was demonstrated in 67 patients. Tilting the patient head down did not increase the rate of cavity opacification. This evidence favors transneural migration of metrizamide into the cavity. The spinal cord was measurably enlarged in only a minority of the patients. In some, the cavity appeared to have clefts or wall defects. These results are discussed according to the etiopathogenic theories advanced by Gardner, Aboulker, and Williams. PMID- 6786056 TI - Parenchymal CT correlates of senile dementia (Alzheimer disease): loss of gray white matter discriminability. AB - Neuropathologic studies have defined gross anatomic (structural) as well as histologic (parenchymal) changes of senile dementia (Alzheimer disease). This investigation suggests that loss of gray-white matter discriminability by computed tomography (CT) is related to cognitive impairment in this disease. Discriminability is defined as the relative ease of visual differentiation between gray and white tissues. Twenty-six elderly patients with dementia were subjected to extensive psychometric evaluation, a medical and neurologic examination, and CT scanning. Gray and white matter changes were assessed by subjectively evaluating three brain levels, the basal ganglia, the centrum semiovale, and the high convexity, on a five point scale. Quantitated gray and white matter scores were also obtained by sampling CT attenuation values. In addition, CT structural changes were evaluated by previously reported methods. there were significant correlations (P less than 0.05) between the subjectively assessed loss of gray-white matter discriminability at all brain levels and the measures of cognitive decline. At the high convexity level 91% of cognitive measures correlated with loss of gray-white discriminability. In the same patient group no gray-white discriminability correlation with age was demonstrated suggesting that gray-white discriminability does not simply change with age. PMID- 6786057 TI - Intravenous video arteriography of the intracranial vasculature: early experience. AB - A computerized fluoroscopic apparatus developed by members of the University of Wisconsin Medical Physics Section was used for 12 months to perform intravenous video arteriography. In previous papers, the apparatus was described and its use was illustrated for performing time subtraction intravenous video arteriography of the extracranial carotid arteries, the arteries of the abdomen and extremities, as well as angiocardiography. In this report, the use and current limitations of this technique for evaluation of the intracranial vasculature are described and illustrated. PMID- 6786058 TI - The flocculus in computed tomography. AB - The flocculus may simulate a cerebellopontine angle mass in computed tomography (CT). The CT appearance of the flocculus was compared with acoustic neuroma. Normal internal auditory canals, symmetric cerebellopontine angle cisterns, modest contrast enhancement, and a location posterior to the porus acousticus distinguish the flocculus from an acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6786059 TI - Anterior subluxation of the cervical spine: hyperflexion sprain. AB - Anterior subluxation (hyperflexion sprain) is localized, purely ligamentous disruption of the cervical spine caused by a limited flexion force. When associated with a simple wedge fraction, also a flexion injury, anterior subluxation may be the more significant lesion. Radiographically, anterior subluxation is characterised by (1) a localized kyphotic angulation at the level of injury; (2) anterior rotation, or displacement, of the subluxed vertebra; (3) anterior narrowing and posterior widening of the disc space; (4) widening of the space between the subluxed vertebral body and the subjacent articular masses; (5) displacement of the inferior articulating facets of the subluxed vertebra with respect to their contiguous subjacent facets; and (6) widening of the interspinous space ("fanning"). The localized kyphotic angulation at the level of ligamentous disruption distinguishes pathologic anterior subluxation from diffuse "reversal of the normal cervical lordosis"; produced by voluntary positioning or muscle spasm. Anterior subluxation is clinically significant because of the approximate 20% incidence of delayed instability due to impaired ligamentous healing. PMID- 6786060 TI - Metrizamide myelography for disk disease: continuing need for epidural venography. AB - Metrizamide is largely replacing iophendylate (Pantopaque) for routine lumbar myelography. Better visualization of the nerve root sheaths should make metrizamide myelography more sensitive in detecting laterally herniated disks, such that epidural venography might be required less often. However, that expectation has not been realized. In over 800 consecutive myelograms, one-half obtained with iophendylate and one-half obtained with metrizamide, 60 patients still required epidural venography. Nearly as many had metrizamide as had iophendylate (28 versus 32). Further, the number of positive epidural venograms with herniated disks confirmed at surgery was not significantly different (12 versus 11). Epidural venography is still indicated after negative or equivocal metrizamide myelography if strong clinical suspicion of herniated disk persists. PMID- 6786061 TI - Microembolization techniques of vascular occlusion: radiologic, pathologic, and clinical correlation. AB - Vascular occlusion is described using microemboli of a predetermined size for the treatment of neoplastic conditions with a "capillary barrier." Particulated microemboli of either 40--60 micron Gelfoam powder or 200--1,000 micron polyvinyl alcohol foam (PVA) are best. Fluid embolic agents such as silicone fluid are used in lesions without a capillary barrier. The radiographic, pathologic, and clinical results in three patients are described in detail. Microembolization is useful in the treatment of neoplastic conditions for it produces tumor necrosis in addition to hemostasis. PMID- 6786062 TI - Increased permeability of the blood-brain barrier after carotid Renografin-76. PMID- 6786063 TI - Transient global amnesia: complication of cerebral angiography. PMID- 6786064 TI - Esotropia: unusual complication of myelography and pneumoencephalography. PMID- 6786065 TI - Lateral C2--C3 subarachnoid puncture for metrizamide myelography or cisternography. PMID- 6786066 TI - Sequential subtraction for improved display of cerebrovascular occlusions. PMID- 6786068 TI - Drug regimen review- what's all the fuss about? PMID- 6786067 TI - Effect of diltiazem in patients with variant angina: a randomized double-blind trial. AB - Effects of diltiazem of frequency of angina and nitroglycerin (NTG) consumption were studied in 12 patients with variant angina (rest pain with ST elevation). Either diltiazem in two dosage schedules (120 mg/day and 240 mg/day), or placebo was administered in a randomized double-blind program over 10 weeks. Significant decreases in angina frequency and TNG consumption were observed when diltiazem treatment periods were compared to placebo periods. Furthermore, when placebo periods following diltiazem were compared to placebo periods following placebo, significant "carry-over" effect with respect to reduced angina frequency was observed. No patient had an increase in angina frequency or TNG consumption on diltiazem compared to placebo. No "rebound effects" or changes in blood pressure or heart rate were observed. One patient complained of dry mouth on diltiazem. These findings, although in a limited number of patients, suggest that diltiazem is effective in decreasing angina frequency and TNG consumption in patients with variant angina. These encouraging results warrant evaluation of diltiazem in a larger patient population over a longer time period. PMID- 6786069 TI - Effect of verapamil and nifedipine on left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina pectoris. AB - To assess the effects of verapamil and nifedipine on left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina pectoris, 10 patients (6 men and 4 women with a mean age of 52 years) with variant angina were each treated for 2 months periods with placebo, verapamil (400 +/- 80 mg/day, mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) and nifedipine (82 +/- 31 mg/day). During the final week of each 2 month treatment period equilibrium gated blood pool scintigraphy was performed at rest and during exercise. At rest, heart rate during verapamil therapy was lower than during treatment with nifedipine; systolic blood pressure and left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were similar for the three interventions. The maximal work load achieved was similar during placebo, verapamil and nifedipine therapy. At the maximal work load common to all three exercise studies, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were lower with verapamil than with placebo and nifedipine; ventricular volumes and ejection fraction were similar with the three agents. Thus, in patients with variant angina and a wide range of left ventricular function at rest, neither verapamil nor nifedipine significantly alters left ventricular volumes or ejection fraction at rest or during exercise. PMID- 6786070 TI - Comparison of verapamil and nifedipine in the treatment of variant angina pectoris: preliminary observations in 10 patients. PMID- 6786071 TI - Recovery of cellular immune competence during treatment of protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Fifty Bangladeshi children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition were randomly allocated at admission to four groups and sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene either immediately or after 1, 2, or 3 wk of protein-calorie replacement therapy. Ability to initiate cutaneous hypersensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene on admission was impaired when the total serum proteins was less than 5.5 g/dl, but uniformly recovered after 1 wk of feeding. Three severely malnourished children with total serum proteins less than 4.5 g/dl in whom sensitization was attempted before refeeding failed to respond despite repeated challenge, suggesting immunological tolerance to dinitrochlorobenzene. The data support the concept of a threshold serum protein level, at least as an indicator, below which cellular immunity may be temporarily, or even permanently, impaired. PMID- 6786072 TI - Effect of zinc supplementation on the dietary intake, rate of weight gain, and energy cost of tissue deposition in children recovering from severe malnutrition. AB - Children recovering from severe malnutrition on a milk based diet have low plasma zinc concentrations: children recovering on a soya based diet have much lower plasma zinc concentrations, lower rates of weight gain, and higher energy costs of tissue deposition. However, they do not demonstrate the clinical features of anorexia, diarrhea, and skin lesions usually associated with zinc deficiency. We therefore supplemented 16 children with zinc acetate on the basis that a therapeutic response to zinc constitutes the best evidence of a preexisting zinc deficiency. Fourteen of the 16 children had an immediate and definite increase in their rate of weight gain with zinc supplementation. This was associated with a decrease in the energy cost of tissue deposition, regrowth of the thymus, and activation of the sodium pump. We conclude that the children were indeed zinc deficient. We suggest that the anorexia of zinc deficiency is related to an inability to metabolize nitrogen in the zinc deficient state, and that our children did not show an appetitive response because of the relatively low protein content of the diets we used. Based on the premise that the abnormalities seen in our children may have been secondary to mild zinc deficiency, we suggest that limitation of lean tissue synthesis, with resultant obesity, and a propensity to infection are the major features of a mild zinc deficiency. Children undergoing a period of "catch up" weight gain or growth should have supplemental zinc, particularly if they have had diarrhea or if the use of a soya based formula is contemplated. PMID- 6786073 TI - Leukocyte migration inhibition factor production in marasmic infants. AB - Production of leukocyte migration inhibition factor was measured in vitro with purified protein derivative and phytohemagglutinin in 14 marasmic infants 6 to 18 months of age. Twenty-seven well-nourished infants served as controls. All the children had received BCG vaccine in the neonatal period. Tuberculin reaction was positive in four of 14 of the marasmic infants and 13 of 27 of the controls. When leukocyte migration inhibition factor was induced with purified protein derivative, the four tuberculin positive malnourished subjects had a mean migration inhibition index of 55.7% which was significantly higher than the mean migration inhibition index of 38.2% in the tuberculin positive controls. In the tuberculin negative subjects the mean migration inhibition index was 24.7 and 16.6% in the marasmic and control groups, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. Phytohemagglutinin-induced migration inhibition was comparable in malnourished and control infants. There was no correlation between leukocyte migration inhibition factor production and biochemical indices of iron nutrition, erythrocyte or serum folate, vitamin A, carotene, or serum zinc levels in either group. It is suggested the capacity of lymphocytes to produce leukocyte migration inhibition factor is unchanged in marasmus. PMID- 6786074 TI - Cysteine supplementation to cysteine-free intravenous feeding regimens in newborn infants. AB - To determine if cysteine is an essential amino acid for the intravenously fed newborn infant, growth parameters, nitrogen balance, plasma sulfur amino acid levels, and urinary amino acid excretion of premature and term infants were measured in the presence or absence of infused cysteine. Control intravenous formulations provided amino acids, including adequate methionine, carbohydrate, lipid, minerals, vitamins, and trace elements to all infants. Group and pair matched comparisons showed that nitrogen retention, weight change, and growth in length and head circumference were not affected by cysteine supplementation of 77 mg/kg/24 h. The failure of cysteine supplementation to alter nitrogen retention was independent of postnatal age or gestational age. Plasma 1/2 cystine concentration was increased by 60% in the supplemented group with a concomitant 3 fold increase in urinary excretion of 1/2 cystine and taurine, but not of urinary methionine or cystathionine. Cysteine-supplemented infants exhibited a small increase in 3-methylhistidine excretion compared to pair-matched controls, suggesting that either an increase in muscle protein catabolism or an increase in muscle mass may have occurred. PMID- 6786075 TI - A prospective study of infant zinc nutrition during intensive care. AB - Zinc nutritional status was evaluated during intensive care for 55 infants. Plasma zinc, serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, growth, nutrient intake, and clinical data were examined. The more premature infants (less than 32 wk gestational age) had higher zinc levels on admission, but their levels declined more rapidly than in more mature infants. Zinc level did not correlate with albumin or alkaline phosphatase. Low zinc levels (45 microgram/dl or less) occurred at about 6 wk in 14 of 39 premature infants. True zinc deficiency occurred in two premature infants; it was manifest by increased gastric residuals, poor suck, and decreased growth, but neither infant had the skin or gastrointestinal signs generally expected with zinc deficiency. There was evidence that sick premature infants may need more zinc than is currently recommended to supplement parenteral nutrition and more than the amount supplied in premature infant formulas currently available. PMID- 6786076 TI - Febrile and plasma iron responses of rabbits injected with endogenous pyrogen from malnourished patients. AB - The ability of human endogenous pyrogen (EP) harvested from malnourished patients (marasmic or kwashiorkor-like) to induce fever and a simultaneous hypoferremia in rabbits is described. Human peripheral blood leukocytes were obtained from malnourished adult patients before total parenteral nutrition support, and after 1 and 7 days on this therapeutic regime; the leukocytes were stimulated to produce EP in vitro and EP was injected into each rabbit. EP obtained from the leukocytes of patients with predominant protein deprivation syndromes (kwashiorkor) before nutritional support produced an attenuated fever (0.23 degrees C over 4 h) and a relatively unchanged plasma iron concentration (delta Fe = -15 microgram/100 ml over 4 h) in the rabbits. When EP was harvested from these same patients after 7 days of nutritional support therapy and was injected into rabbits, normal 4 h fevers (1.10 degrees C) and reduction in plasma iron levels (delta Fe = -97 micrograms/100 ml) occurred in the rabbits. Human EP obtained from patients with marasmus (predominant calorie deprivation syndromes) produced relatively normal fevers and changes in plasma iron levels in the rabbits, regardless of whether the samples were taken pre-total parenteral nutrition or after 1 and 7 days of total parenteral nutrition. These observations suggest that the synthesis of endogenous pyrogen by human peripheral leukocytes is sensitive to the availability of key substrates and that nutritional support therapy restores the capacity of these cells to produce EP in vitro. PMID- 6786077 TI - Nasogastric tube feeding at home: a method for adjunctive nutritional support of malnourished patients. AB - Many patients with chronic diseases develop malnutrition. Force feeding with either enteral tube of parenteral infusions often succeeds in ameliorating this problem in hospitalized patients. However, after discharge many patients are incapable of sustaining adequate dietary intake. As a consequence, malnutrition may persist or recur. The authors' previous experience using nocturnal enteral tube feedings in patients with glycogen storage disease suggested that malnourished patients also might benefit from enteral tube feedings at home. Fourteen undernourished patients selected for domestic enteral tube feedings clearly demonstrated a tolerance, which included adequate gastric emptying, to the infusions during their hospitalization. They ranged in age from 2 months to 68 yr. Infusion pumps delivered the feedings continuously. At home, 12 patients experienced substantial weight gains. Two maintained their weight while they received intensive chemotherapy for malignancies. Except for the two patients with short bowel syndrome, all patients were weaned successfully to oral feedings after 1 to 3 months. The only apparent complication was possible aspiration pneumonia in a patient with neurological dysfunction. This further experience with domestic enteral tube alimentation indicates that selected patients can be managed effectively, safely and economically with nasogastric nutritional support on an outpatient basis. PMID- 6786079 TI - Workshop on nutritional support of the patient: research directions for the 1980s. Proceedings of a workshop sponsored by the Nutrition Coordinating Committee of the National Institutes of Health. PMID- 6786078 TI - The effect of continuous enteral feeding on cholic acid kinetics in a child. AB - Continuous enteral feeding is utilized for nutritional support and specific therapy for several pediatric diseases, including protracted infantile diarrhea. Its effects on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids were studied in a boy during continuous intragastric feeding of a high fat diet at age 42 months and after recovery while on bolus feedings at age 51 months. Cholic acid kinetics measured by the isotopic dilution technique using cholic-COOH-14C acid and meal stimulated intraluminal bile acid concentrations were measured. Cholic acid pool size was unaltered (1294 mg/m(2)) during continuous feeding compared to 999 mg/m(2) during bolus feeds and 1072 plus or minus 243 mg/m(2) (mean plus or minus SE) in nine control children. However, the cholic acid fractional turnover rate was increased 3-fold (0.912 days(-1)) during continuous feeds compared to 0.309 days(-1) during bolus feeding and 0.365 plus or minus 0.163 in controls. Similarly, synthesis rate was increased 3-4 fold during continuous feeds (1180 mg/m(2)/day) compared to controls (363 plus or minus 193 mg/m(2)/day) and the patient during bolus feeding (309 mg/m(2)/day). The intraluminal bile salt concentration was apparently reduced both during treatment (3.86 mM) and when bolus fed (3.85 mM) but were significantly different from controls (7.12 plus or minus 1.74 mM). During continuous enteral feeding with a high fat diet, effective homeostatic mechanisms in the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts ensured intraluminal bile salt concentrations adequate for normal fat solubilization and, consequently, normal fat absorption. PMID- 6786080 TI - Highlights of the National Institutes of Health Program in Biomedical and Behavioral Nutrition and Research Training--with the emphasis on total parenteral and enteral nutrition. PMID- 6786081 TI - A clinical review of nutritional support of the patient. PMID- 6786082 TI - Panel report on nutritional support of patients with cancer. PMID- 6786083 TI - Panel report on nutritional support of patients with gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 6786084 TI - Panel report on nutritional support of patients with trauma or infection. PMID- 6786085 TI - Panel report on nutritional support of pediatric patients. PMID- 6786086 TI - Panel report on nutritional support of patients with liver, renal, and cardiopulmonary diseases. PMID- 6786087 TI - Retrieval in a Computer-assisted Pathology Encoding and Reporting System (CAPER). AB - A previous report described an online computer-assisted pathology encoding and reporting system (CAPER) developed at the Massachusetts General Hospital that accessions specimens, monitors their state of completion, produces all log books, and permits instantaneous display of all diagnoses rendered within a three-year period. The present report updates the functions currently available and describes a new function that enables the pathologist, independent of computer programmer support, to request complex, in-depth searches of the entire accumulated pathology data base, which at present contains in excess of 150,000 cases and 5,000,000 pieces of information. The pathologist can instruct the system to compare more than 30 types of data items through the development of Boolean expressions. The report also describes the test codes that were developed to reflect the work product of the surgical pathology division, form the basis for automated billing and compilation of monthly and yearly statistics, and are an integral part of the long-term data base for in-depth searches. PMID- 6786088 TI - Genetic influences in the epilepsies. Review of the literature with practical implications. AB - We review hereditary influences in the epilepsies from the perspective of medical genetics. The recurrence risk for epilepsy in close relatives may vary from 2% to 5% up to 50% depending on the etiology of the seizure disorder in the proband. We emphasize the identification of specific disorders with single-gene inheritance that will lead to useful conclusions regarding treatment, prognosis, and family counseling. Also discussed are chromosomal aberrations, polygenic inheritance, gene-environment interactions, animal models of epilepsy, and the pharmacogenetics of anticonvulsants. PMID- 6786089 TI - Aneurysms of the aorta and subclavian and vertebral arteries in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6786090 TI - Gluconate calcium therapy and neonatal hypercalciuria. AB - Nephrolithiasis was present in a 2-month-old premature infant with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who had been receiving furosemide and intravenous (IV) gluconate calcium therapy. This infant was found to be hypercalciuric. Furosemide therapy is known to increase calcium excretion. In the present study, we examined sick infants who were receiving gluconate calcium without furosemide to evaluate the effect of gluconate calcium therapy on urinary calcium excretion. The sick infants receiving gluconate calcium had higher values of urinary calcium than did the well infants taking regular formula feedings. Moreover, the calciuria appeared to increase progressively with continued gluconate calcium therapy. It appears that prolonged use of either furosemide or IV gluconate calcium leads to hypercalciuria, which, in turn, may predispose the premature infant to nephrolithiasis. PMID- 6786091 TI - A clinical trial with pre- and post-treatment manometry comparing pneumatic dilation with bouginage for treatment of Chagas' megaesophagus. AB - The physiologic similarities between the megaesophagus of Chagas' disease and idiopathic achalasia are well documented. Therefore, it would seem reasonable that comparisons of controlled trials of therapy for the more common Chagas' megaesophagus could be applied to idiopathic achalasia, where the paucity of cases makes such a controlled comparison difficult. We had the opportunity to study 18 patients with achalasia secondary to Chagas' disease. All of the patients were from the mid central states of Brazil, all had symptoms of dysphagia and radiographic documentation of dilated esophagus and abnormal peristalsis (Rezende Groups II and III), as well as positive serologic evidence of Chagas' disease. Perfused intraluminal manometric studies were performed on all patients. Resting sphincter pressures ranged from 20-35 mm./Hg., mean of 25 (normal 5-12 mm./Hg.) with aperistalsis. Patients were randomly dilated with either bouginage (44-55 ff catheter) or pneumatic dilator (4-4.5 kg./6.5 cm.2 x 2 min.). Although all patients reported symptomatic improvement several days after either procedure, repeat manometric tracings demonstrated no change in the sphincter pressure in the bouginage group. The pneumatically dilated group, however, demonstrated a decrease in sphincter pressure to normal levels (mean 12 mm./Hg.). Follow-up studies one year after the procedure confirmed the persistence of normal sphincter pressure in the pneumatically dilated group but no change, as well as return of initial symptoms, in the bouginage group. PMID- 6786092 TI - Perforated diverticulum of the ileum. AB - A 54-year old man with abdominal pain and fever was found to have perforated a diverticulum of the ileum. Resection of the involved bowel and reanastomosis proved to be successful therapy. Five previously reported cases of perforated ileal diverticulum are reviewed. The need for prompt resection of the involved bowel segment is emphasized. PMID- 6786093 TI - Esophageal Manometry in Patients with Chest Pain and Normal Coronary Arteriogram. AB - Evaluation of the esophagus is helpful in determining the source of chest pain. Eighteen per cent of 72 patients with a normal coronary angiogram had esophageal disease as a source of chest pain. Eight had diffuse esophageal spasm, four had reflux esophagitis and one had an esophageal ulcer. Five of eight patients with diffuse esophageal spasm had relief of symptoms with nitroglycerin. Despite normal coronary arteriogram and normal esophageal manometry 42 of 49 other patients had relief of chest pain with nitroglycerin. PMID- 6786094 TI - Effect of zinc supplementation on serum testosterone level in adult male sickle cell anemia subjects. AB - Previously, we have documented primary testicular failure in adult male subjects with sickle cell anemia. We have also reported the occurrence of zinc deficiency and suggested that androgen deficiency may be related to zinc deficiency in such patients. In this study, we present data with respect to the efferent of oral zinc supplementation on serum testosterone levels in adult male patients with sickle cell anemia. An increase in serum testosterone, neutrophil zinc, and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity ws observed in the zinc-supplemented group in comparison with the group on placebo. Additionally, body weight increased and serum lactic dehydrogenase activity decrease in response to zinc supplementation. We conclude that androgen deficiency in adult male subjects with sickle cell anemia is correctable with zinc supplementation and that the determination of neutrophil zinc and alkaline phosphatase activity in the neutrophils may be utilized as good indicators of body zinc status in such subjects. PMID- 6786095 TI - The Pennsylvania hemophilia program 1973-1978. AB - In Pennsylvania, the prevalence of hemophilia is one per 10,000 males. Factor VIII deficiency is five times more frequent than Factor IX deficiency, and 34% of the patients have no relatives affected with the disease. The mean age is 23 years old, and 50% of the patients are less than 20 years old. Approximately one third of the patients with Factor VIII deficiency and one fourth of the patients with Factor IX deficiency have levels of less than 0.01 mu/ml. By clinical criteria, 55% of those with Factor VIII deficiency are severe compared to 45% of those with Factor IX deficiency. Factor VIII-deficient patients are treated an average of 18 times per year compared to ten times per year for patients with Factor IX deficiency. Hemarthroses account for 70% of the hemorrhages treated and for 40% of the concentrate usage. Home therapy patients use an average of 45,950 Factor VIII units per year at a cost of o170 per patient and their use accounts for 60% of the total Factor VIII usage of 1.7 million units. Less than five days per patient per year are lost from school or work because of bleeding, and patients are hospitalized for bleeding an average of only two to three days per patient year. Adverse immediate reactions to therapy are infrequent. Five percent of patients have persistence of the hepatitis B virus, and 7.5% have inhibitors. The mortality rate is 0.04% per year, with half of the deaths being hemophilia related. PMID- 6786096 TI - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver associated with macroglobulinemia. A clue to the pathogenesis. AB - Nodular regenerative hyperplasia of the liver is an infrequent condition characterized by transformation of the hepatic parenchyma into nodules with only mild fibrosis. Little is known about the etiology except that there is usually an underlying chronic disease, such as Felty's syndrome, which antedates the development of clinical liver disease. It is poorly understood how the associated diseases contribute to the pathogenesis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Presented are four cases of nodular regenerative hyperplasia in which macroglobulinemia was also present. This new association suggests to us a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of nodular regenerative hyperplasia. Histologic examination of the livers in these and other cases of nodular regenerative hyperplasia reveals widespread obliteration of the small portal veins. Postmortem angiography of one liver in the present series demonstrated that the nodules were well perfused and that the atrophic areas were poorly perfused with portal blood. This supports the view that atrophy of lobules results from a lack of portal blood supply and that nodules develop from lobules well supplied with portal blood. In each of the clinical conditions associated with nodular regenerative hyperplasia, including macroglobulinemia, inflammatory or thrombotic vascular lesions are found in many organs. Therefore, nodular regenerative hyperplasia may be the hepatic expression of a more widespread vascular disease. PMID- 6786097 TI - Sublingual absorption of micronized 17beta-estradiol. AB - The sublingual absorption rates, the sustained effects, te biologic activity, and the metabolism of micronized 17beta-estradiol (E2) were measured in 10 postmenopausal women. E2 (0.5 mg) was administered in a single sublingual dose to five of the patients. An alternate-day schedule with the same dosage was used for the other five patients. In the single-dose study, a twenty-six fold increase in serum E2 and a ninefold increase in serum estrone (E1) concentrations were observed 1 hour after the sublingual deposition of E2 (0.5 mg). Serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly decreased within 6 hours. The rise in E2 was early and peaked in the first 2 hours. The rise in E1 was slower and progressive, reaching its maximum thirteenfold increase at 4 hours, and remained two and one half times the baseline of 29 pg/ml at 24 hours, whereas E2 returned to the baseline level of 24 pg/ml. When micronized E2 was given in a dosage of 0.5 mg sublingually every other night, increased circulating levels of estrogens continued to be elevated at a minimum two and one-half fold baseline level for the week of study. PMID- 6786098 TI - Amniotic fluid optical density following maternal betamethasone treatment. PMID- 6786099 TI - Orbital tuberculosis. AB - A 37-year-old man had epistaxis, headache, intermittent swelling of the periorbital region, proptosis, epiphora, and chronic sinusitis. X-ray films showed marked erosion of the midline facial bones, total opacification of both maxillary sinuses, and clouding of the sphenoid and left ethmoid sinuses. He also had a cutaneous-maxillary sinus fistula and a purulent discharge. A histopathologic examination disclosed areas of acute and chronic inflammation with occasional noncaseating granulomas. Biopsy specimens and postoperative sputum cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis, although the patient had no obvious signs of systemic disease. Because tuberculosis of the orbit is rare in developed countries, it is often overlooked in the diagnosis of granulomatous inflammation of the orbit. This can lead to exacerbation of the disease by corticosteroid treatment. PMID- 6786100 TI - Cost effectiveness: a new factor in orthodontics. PMID- 6786101 TI - Light- and electron-microscopic histochemistry of Fabry's disease. AB - A histochemical study was performed on light- and electron-microscopic level in a case of Fabry's disease. The patient underwent kidney transplantation for renal failure and died of heart failure 6 months later. Patient's tissues were studied at the light- and electron-microscopic levels with various embedding and staining techniques for lipids and carbohydrates. Two peroxidase-labeled lectins (from Ricinus communis and from Bandeiraea simplicifolia) known to have affinity for alpha- and beta-D-galactose, were strongly reactive with the storage material on frozen sections. The ultrahistochemical and extraction tests showed that the typical granules had a variable reactivity and morphologic characteristics in different cells, probably reflecting different composition. A small number of typical deposits were also observed in the transplanted kidney. This is the first reported case of recurrence of the storage disease in the allograft. Of interest was also the fact that the patient's blood inhibited normal alpha-galactosidase activity, suggesting a possible inhibitor-related mechanism in the pathogenesis of the recurrence. PMID- 6786102 TI - Distribution and ultrastructural characteristics of dark cells in squamous metaplasias of the respiratory tract epithelium. AB - Dark epithelial basal cells were found in both carcinogen-induced and non carcinogen-induced squamous metaplasias of the tracheal epithelium. Formaldehyde induced squamous metaplasias exhibited 4% dark cells in the basal layer. Metaplasias induced by vitamin A deficiency and those induced by dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) without atypia showed 18--20% basal dark cells. DMBA-induced metaplasias with moderate to severe atypia exhibited 50% basal dark cells. The labeling index of basal cells in metaplastic epithelia, regardless of the inducing agent, was 16--18%, ie, the same as that of the normal esophageal stratified squamous epithelium. The percentage of labeled dark basal cells per total dark cell population was approximately 19% in the non-carcinogen induced metaplasias and in the DMBA-induced metaplasias without atypia. In the atypical metaplasias induced by DMA this percentage increased to 26. On the basis of ultrastructural observations, five types of dark epithelial cells could be distinguished in the metaplastic epithelia: Type I (ovoid or fusiform dark cell with abundant cytoplasmic filaments, desmosomes, and free ribosomes--dark keratinocyte type); Type II (ovoid or spherical small cell with scant cytoplasm with few organelles--basal respiratory type); Type III (irregular or ovoid, few cytoplasmic filaments and organelles and desmosomes, extremely abundant free ribosomes--dedifferentiated type); Type IV (fusiform or ovoid, large mitochondria, prominent ergastoplasm, secretion droplets--mucous cell type); and type V (irregular shape, organelle remnants, vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei- involutional-cell type). Type I was the predominant cell type in formaldehyde induced metaplasias and was also commonly seen in DMBA-induced metaplasias without atypia. Type II predominated in metaplasias induced by vitamin A deficiency. Type III was seen in DMBA-induced metaplasias and was the predominant cell type in the atypical epithelial alterations. Type IV cells occurred only in the latter, and Type V cells were occasionally seen in formaldehyde- as well as in DMBA-induced atypical metaplasias. Each type of squamous metaplasia could thus be recognized by a determined numerical distribution of dark cells in the basal layer and a specific pattern of distribution of the ultrastructurally defined dark cell categories. PMID- 6786103 TI - Endothelial cell surface expression and binding of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. AB - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF), a glycoprotein molecular complex found in human plasma, has been demonstrated by cell membrane fluorescence to be present on the surface of cultured human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells. The endothelial nature of these cells was established by electron-microscopic studies that revealed the presence of Weibel-Palade bodies in virtually all cells cultured. A newly developed radioreceptor assay was used to detect FVIII/vWF in the medium taken from these endothelial cell cultures; FVIII/vWF concentration in the medium samples increased with time in culture. FVIII/vWF binding studies showed no significant FVIII/vWF-specific binding to endothelial cell surfaces and did not corroborate a previous report suggesting a FVIII/vWF-specific receptor on human umbilical cord vein endothelium. The presence of FVIII/vWF on endothelial cell membranes and the lack of receptor-mediated binding suggests that the FVIII/vWF either has been absorbed non-specifically to the cell surface or is an integral part of the endothelial cell membrane. PMID- 6786104 TI - Differential effects of progesterone on secretion of gonadotropic hormones in the rhesus monkey. AB - To obtain new information on the site of the inhibiting actions of progesterone (P) during the follicular phase of the cycle, we administered P continuously to 13 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) from days 5 through 12 of the menstrual cycle. This treatment produced luteal-phase levels (approximately 6 ng/ml of serum) within 4 h. (FSH) concentrations dropped significantly from pretreatment amounts (P less than 0.01). During this time, both immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) (n = 8 animals) and bioactive LH (n = 5) remained stable. The 17 beta-estradiol (E2) concentrations dropped significantly below base line 24 h after treatment (P less than 0.05). The decline in E2 occurred after the decline in FSH. Inhibition of FSH continued for 40 h, after which both FSH and LH rose steadily in a way that resembled a preovulatory surge on days 8 or 9 of the menstrual cycle, and then returned to base line by day 10. When gonadotropins were at their zenith, the ovary did not respond by secreting E2. None of the effects mentioned above were found in control animals treated with blank implants. These data demonstrate that P administered during the follicular phase inhibits FSH but not LH secretion. This initial inhibition probably occurs at a hypothalamic-pituitary site, but after 40 h direct inhibitory effects on the ovary cannot be ruled out. P stimulates the release of gonadotropin in female monkeys despite reduced production of E2 by the ovary. PMID- 6786105 TI - Possible existence of a long-loop feedback system between FSH and inhibin in female rats. AB - Experiments were designed in which peripheral plasma inhibin levels were presumably altered in an attempt to investigate an interdependency between pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and ovarian inhibin secretion. In the first study, unilateral ovariectomy (ULO) was performed on 4-day cycling female rats under ether anesthesia at 0800 h on diestrous day 1 (D1). Inhibin like activity [FSH-inhibiting activity(FSH-IA)] in untreated ovarian venous plasma (OVP) collected from the remaining ovary was assessed by an in vitro pituitary bioassay system. Both plasma FSH levels and FSH-IA significantly increased between 4 and 12 h after ULO. Thereafter, plasma FSH declined between 12 and 32 h after ULO, whereas FSH-IA remained elevated during this same time interval. Compared to sham-operated rats, plasma FSH was significantly elevated 4, 12, and 24 h after ULO, whereas FSH-IA was statistically higher only at 32 h after ULO. In a second experiment, rats were injected with charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid (PFF) on proestrus and estrus. Control rats received saline. The data indicate that increased plasma FSH levels on D1 in PFF-treated rats (FSH rebound) may be a consequence of reduced endogenous inhibin secretion on estrus. As well, return of FSH to control levels on D2 in PFF-treated rats may have resulted from an FSH-associated increase in FSH-IA on D1 and D2. PMID- 6786106 TI - Human placental lactogen release in vitro: paradoxical effects of calcium. AB - To study the effects of calcium on the release of human placental lactogen (hPL), placental explants were exposed to media containing lower or higher concentrations of calcium than normally available to the placenta. Explants exposed for 2 h to calcium-poor medium or medium containing either 2 mM EDTA or 2 mM EGTA released 160, 248, and 253% more hPL, respectively, than control explants. In contrast, explants exposed to medium containing higher than normal calcium concentrations released the same amounts of hPL as the control explants. At lower than normal extracellular calcium concentrations, the increased hPL release was inversely proportional to the calcium concentration. The increased release in calcium-poor medium was inhibited by subsequent exposure of the explants to medium containing calcium and was prevented by either barium or magnesium. Changes in barium or magnesium concentrations, however, had no effects on hPL release in the presence of normal extracellular calcium concentrations. Methoxyverapamil (D 600), an inhibitor of calcium flux, stimulated hPL release. Because low extracellular calcium and methoxyverapamil both inhibit calcium influx, these experiments suggest that calcium influx inhibits hPL release. The role of calcium in the regulation of hPL release therefore appears to be different from that reported in other release systems. PMID- 6786107 TI - Intragastric pair feeding fails to prevent VMH obesity or hyperinsulinemia. AB - Female rats with electrolytic lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) were pair fed with controls in a new paradigm in which food was delivered in normal temporal patterns, i.e., those of nonlesioned rats bar pressing for food. Lesions were produced after 6 days of adaptation to this regimen, and the experiment continued for 30 days postlesion. When they were killed, VMH rats contained substantially more carcass lipid than controls (20.4 vs. 12.4%) and were hyperinsulinemic (67.2 vs. 27.6 microunits/ml). Because these elevations developed in the absence of even minor disturbances in feeding patterns, these results support the view that VMH damage confers an essential metabolic bias favoring obesity. Separate VMH groups pair fed exclusively by either oral or intragastric routes exhibited virtually identical exaggerations in fat accumulation (18.4 and 17.7 g above controls, respectively) and plasma insulin (69.2 and 65.4 microunits/ml, respectively). Thus, contrary to a prediction of one form of Powley's (Powley, T. L. Psychol. Rev. 84:89-126, 1977) cephalic phase hypothesis, oropharyngeal stimulation and, hence, the cephalic responses of digestion are not critical for the metabolic disturbances that follow VMH damage. PMID- 6786108 TI - Role of deep nephrons and the terminal collecting duct in a mannitol-induced diuresis. AB - Recollection micropuncture in Munich-Wistar rats was used to study the effects of intravenous hypertonic mannitol infusions on fluid reabsorption by surface nephrons, prior to the bend of Henle's loop of deep nephrons, and along the papillary collecting duct. During mannitol diuresis, single nephron glomerular filtration rate rose significantly in surface nephrons but fell in deep nephrons. Although mannitol increased the delivery of sodium and water to the end of the proximal tubule and to the first portion of the distal tubule of surface nephrons, water and sodium were reabsorbed between these two sites. In deep nephrons, water reabsorption prior to the bend of the loop of Henle was significantly decreased. Absolute sodium delivery to this site was reduced despite a marked decrease in fractional sodium reabsorption prior to the bend. Papillary osmolality was decreased. Renal plasma flow and inner medullary plasma flow (IMPF) increased proportionally. The reduced water extraction prior to the bend of deep nephrons and the decrease in papillary osmolality could have been partly due to a concomitant increase in IMPF and a decrease in sodium delivery to the medulla. The reabsorption of delivered sodium and water by the papillary collecting duct was reduced to a greater extent than could be expected from the increase in sodium delivery. PMID- 6786109 TI - Kinetic characteristics of calcium absorption and secretion by rat colon. AB - The kinetic characteristics of calcium active transport in rat descending colon were determined by measuring unidirectional transmural calcium fluxes in vitro. The absorptive flux from mucosa to serosa (Jm leads to s) was saturable, with a calculated affinity (Kt) of calcium for the transport system of 1.6 mM and a maximal transport capacity (Vmax) of 133 nmol.cm-2.h-1. The administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] increased Jm leads to s by increasing Vmax to 236 nmol.cm-2.h-1 without changing Kt (1.8 mM). The secretory flux from serosa to mucosa (Js leads to m) was not saturable and was not increased by 1,25(OH)2D3. Mannitol, a marker of transepithelial extracellular flux, underwent net absorption in the absence of electrochemical gradients, and its Jm leads to s and Js leads to m were not altered by 1,25(OH)2D3 administration. Addition of 11 mM D glucose to the bathing medium consistently increased calcium Js leads to m and mannitol Jm leads to s and Js leads to m. Glucose reduced net calcium absorption except when sodium was removed from the medium. Calcium Js leads to m varied linearly with mannitol Js leads to m over the range of medium calcium from 0.125 to 5.0 mM. The behavior of calcium absorption by descending colon is compatible with a carrier-mediated, active-transport mechanism, whereas calcium secretion occurs by a nonsaturable process via a predominately paracellular pathway. PMID- 6786110 TI - muscle microcirculation: effects of tissue pH, PCO2, and PO2 during systemic hypoxia. AB - The responses of arterioles and venules to systemic hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 concentration 0.10) were determined for the rat cremaster muscle that was positioned with intact nerve and vascular supplies in a tissue bath that had controlled pH, O2 tension (PO2), CO2 tension (PCO2), and temperature. Blood pressure and heart rate were decreased significantly during systemic hypoxia. First- and second-order arterioles actively constricted during systemic hypoxia, whereas most first-, second-, and third-order venules had biphasic responses (dilation followed by constriction). There were no significant differences in the active arteriolar responses to systemic hypoxia when cremaster bath pH was altered from 6.9 to 7.2, or when bath PCO2 was changed from 60 +/- 2.2 to less than 5 mmHg; but, there was significantly greater arteriolar constriction with high bath PO2 (139 +/- 1.3 mmHg) in comparison to low bath PO2 (4.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg). Decreased bath pH, decreased PO2, and increased PCO2 had no effect on the dilation responses of first-, and second-, and third-order venules to systemic hypoxia; however, these bath alterations attenuated the constriction responses of third-order venules. alpha-Adrenergic receptor blockade did not alter the arteriolar responses to systemic hypoxia. Our data indicate 1) that there is a centrally mediated stimulus for constriction of first-order arterioles during systemic hypoxia, 2) that changes in local cremaster PO2, but not PCO2 or pH, can attenuate this centrally mediated arteriolar constriction, and 3) that the centrally mediated arteriolar constriction does not involve alpha-adrenergic receptors. PMID- 6786111 TI - Effect of acclimation temperature and pH on contraction of frog sartorius muscle. AB - The effect of acclimation temperature and pH on the isometric twitch and tetanus of sartorius muscle from frog, Rana pipiens, was studied at different experimental temperatures. Seven variables were measured, namely: tension, latent period, time to maximum tension, half-relaxation time, mean rate, maximum rate, and maximum acceleration of tension development. The effect of experimental temperature was similar to that reported in the literature. The effects of acclimation temperature were small and were not compensatory. Different pH's were obtained by varying CO2 in the gas phase, while the HCO3- concentration was kept constant. The main effects of a decrease in pH on the isometric twitch and tetanus were a reduction in tension and rate of tension development and an increase in latent period. A decrease in pH had no effect on the time to maximum tension or the half-relaxation time. Analysis of variance showed that the test temperature had the greatest effect of all three treatments on each variable, the effects of test and acclimation temperature were dependent on neither the test nor the acclimation temperatures. The in vivo relationships between these three treatments are discussed. PMID- 6786112 TI - MAOI-induced rapid cycling bipolar affective disorder in an adolescent. PMID- 6786113 TI - Effect of lithium on glycine levels in patients with affective disorders. PMID- 6786114 TI - A case of petit mal epilepsy aggravated by lithium. PMID- 6786115 TI - The cost-effectiveness of telephone vs clinic counseling for hypertensive patients: a pilot study. AB - The cost-effectiveness of counseling by telephone and by clinic visit contacts were compared in 40 hypertensive patients each of whom received counseling and reinforcement every three weeks for six months regarding diet, exercise, smoking, and coping with stress. Blood pressure declined significantly in both counseling groups (N: 10 each) but not in a control group (N: 20). The cost per patient under control was $82 for the clinic counseling and $39 for the telephone counseling strategy, suggesting that telephone counseling was a cost-effective technique. PMID- 6786117 TI - Salmonella paratyphi A in hamsters concurrently infected with Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The present work deals with the development of an improved animal model to study the association of salmonellosis and schistosomiasis. The animal chosen was the hamster, Mesocricetus auratus, which can be readily infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Normal hamsters and schistosome-infected hamsters (SIH) were given approximately 2.0 x 10(7) Salmonella paratyphi A intracardially. It was found that S. mansoni infections enhanced and prolonged the growth of S. paratyphi A in hamsters. Animals with dual infections had increased mortality in comparison with those infected with just bacteria or parasite during the 50 days post-bacterial challenge. Further studies showed that in SIH, S. paratyphi A persisted in various organs for up to 8 weeks post infection. In contrast, concurrent Leishmania donovani infections have no effect on S. paratyphi A infections. Significant numbers of bacteria were cultured from well-washed schistosome worms recovered from SIH 6--8 weeks post-bacterial challenge. These findings suggest that a direct physical relationship between the bacteria and worms facilitates the establishment and growth of S. paratyphi A in vivo, and that a deficit in host immune response is not a major factor involved in the enhanced growth of S. paratyphi A. PMID- 6786116 TI - Exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 6786118 TI - Distribution and prevalence of Mermet virus infections in the central United States. AB - Tests were run on 3,198 bird sera for neutralizing antibody of Mermet virus. The birds were mostly House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) captured in the central U.S. Antibody was detected in birds from Texas, Mississippi, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Wisconsin, but not Kentucky or Missouri. Antibody prevalence differed by location and between years in similar locations. These results confirmed the widespread activity of Mermet virus in the central U.S., suggested irregular activity of the virus, and provided the first evidence that Mermet virus activity occurs in Mississippi, Indiana, and Wisconsin. No antibody to Mermet virus was found in paired sera from 966 humans with suspected arboviral infection. PMID- 6786119 TI - Observations on natural and laboratory infection of rodents with the etiologic agent of Korean hemorrhagic fever. AB - Studies were conducted to define the natural host range of the Korean hemorrhagic fever (KHF) agent in South Korea, and to identify colonized rodents susceptible to this infection. Eight species of field rodents were captured in areas of Korea endemic for KHF and their tissues were examined by immunofluorescence for the presence of KHF antigen. One hundred and fourteen of 817 Apodemus agrarius coreae captured between 1974 and 1978 had one or more positive organs. No positive organ was found in 239 rodents of the other seven species examined. Two hundred and thirty-eight specimens of Apodemus agrarius jejuensis captured on Jeju Island, an area thought to be free of disease, were also negative. Attempted laboratory infection of nine species of rodents captured in the field but maintained in the laboratory was successful only in the two subspecies of Apodemus. The 46 specimens of A. a. jejunesis tested in this manner were all uniformly susceptible to infection as determined by immunofluorescence. Serial sacrifice of experimentally infected A. a. jejuensis revealed viremia of short duration terminating on day 10 postinfection. In contrast, other tissues of this animal, including lung, kidney, liver and parotid gland were positive on day 10 and remained so through the 100-day observation period. When 12 species of colonized laboratory rodents were inoculated with KHF agent five were found to develop KHF antibody by indirect immunofluorescence and two, Calomys callosus and Apodemus agrarious ningpoensis, developed detectable KHF antigen in their tissues. PMID- 6786120 TI - [Continuous measurement of partial alveolar pressures of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Value for monitoring pulmonary gas exchange during intensive care]. PMID- 6786121 TI - [The role of monitoring CO2 diffusion for deciding when to stop artificial ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency in acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6786122 TI - [Measurement of arterio-alveolar CO2 difference in pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 6786123 TI - [Computerized monitoring system for mechanical ventilation. Description and initial results]. PMID- 6786124 TI - [Monitoring parenteral nutrition in children: the role of echography of the gallbladder and bile ducts]. PMID- 6786125 TI - Advances in radiotherapy. PMID- 6786126 TI - Successful therapy of Clostridium septicum sepsis in a child with Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - The association between Clostridium septicum sepsis in patients with malignant disease has been frequently documented. A presentation with fever, neutropenia, vomiting, and an acute abdomen is characteristic of this anaerobic infection which has been uniformly fatal in children with acute leukemia. We report the unusual course and the successful treatment of an adolescent with an abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma with leukemic transformation and clostridium septicum sepsis and cellulitis. PMID- 6786127 TI - Extramedullary IgM plasmacytoma presenting in skin. AB - An IgM-secreting extramedullary plasmacytoma with macroglobulinemia presented itself in the skin. Reactions of the plasmacytoid cells in dermal nodules to erythrocyte-antibody-complement complexes suggested that the neoplastic cells differentiated in situ. Large numbers of plasmacytoid neoplastic cells co-mingled with alpha naphthyl acetate esterase-positive histiocytes in a random and "territorial" distribution, which suggested a functional relationship between them. The subject of extramedullary cutaneous plasmacytoma is reviewed and discussed. PMID- 6786129 TI - Oral and inhaled sodium cromoglycate in challenge test with food allergens or acetylsalicylic acid. AB - The prophylactic effect of oral and inhaled sodium cromoglycate (SCG) in challenge tests of patients with IgE-mediated food allergy or sensitivity towards acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was investigated. In food allergic patients SCG administered orally protected against an asthmatic reaction whereas inhaled SCG was without effect. In ASA sensitivity neither oral nor inhaled SCG protected the patients against bronchospasms. SCG seems to act on mucosal surfaces and may inhibit uptake of macromolecular antigens but not affect the absorption of ASA. PMID- 6786128 TI - [Corneal damage caused by chloracetophenone]. AB - Chloracetophenone solubilized in 1,1,1-trichlorethan was applied in different concentrations to the rabbit cornea. Applications were made to the centre of the cornea as well as to the limbal area and also in an experiment with centrallimbal burning. The ensuing stromal scarring was related to the absolute quantity of applied chloracetophenone, and burning of the limbal area seemed to be more effective than central applications. PMID- 6786130 TI - [Respiratory depression after diazepam-fentanyl anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - 105 patients were given diazepam-fentanyl anaesthesia and the respiratory values were studied spirometrically before the operation, after intramuscular premedication and postoperatively (i.e. after additional doses of diazepam during induction). The occurrence of respiratory depression which has been reported by some authors was confirmed. Blood gas analyses performed in 79 patients during the recovery period showed a significant improvement after the patients had been made to breathe deeply for five minutes. The results confirm the observations made in more than 12000 patients who had this type of anaesthesia that they must be kept under surveillance during the first 30-40 minutes in the recovery ward, but can then be returned to the ward. PMID- 6786131 TI - [Mechanics of breathing during anaesthesia with controlled ventilation by means of the engstrom ecs 2000 respirator (author's transl)]. AB - Compliance, resistance, gas flow, blood gas tension and intrapulmonary shunt volume were measured in 20 anaesthetized patients ventilated by the volume controlled Engstrom respirator ECS 2000. All patients had neurosurgical or vascular procedures. Anaesthesia lasted for at least 180 minutes. 10 patients were ventilated with a tidal volume of 6 ml/kg bodyweight, another 10 with a tidal volume of 15 ml/kg bodyweight. During the whole period of observation compliance did not decrease significantly in either group and the intrapulmonary shunt volume and the blood gases remained practically unchanged. Ventilation with the large tidal volume was characterized by better compliance and oxygenation indicating that the mechanics of breathing and the intrapulmonary gas exchange benefit from larger tidal volumes. Due to the special features of the Engstrom respirator as regards air flow and pressure steady ventilation with a low tidal volume of 6 ml/kg bodyweight does not result in a significant decrease in compliance and an increase in shunt volume as is the case with other types of respirators. PMID- 6786132 TI - [A clinical study of co2-elimination using a modified bain-system (author's transl)]. AB - Of three groups of anaesthetized and intubated patients (n = 7) under controlled ventilation two received fresh gas flows of 70 ml/kg . min, 100 ml/kg . min and 130 ml/kg . min either in increasing or in decreasing amounts via a Bain circuit, while the third group was ventilated via a conventional semi-closed anaesthesia circuit. Blood gas analyses and cardiovascular parameters were recorded. In one patient temperatures and relative humidities of in- and expired gases were obtained by psychrometry. A modification of the Bain system afforded control of respiratory minute volumes and airway pressures. CO2-elimination proved to be adequate at a fresh gas flow of 130 ml/kg. min. At 100 ml/kg. min it was acceptable still, however pH values were outside normal range. With 70 ml/kg . min mean capillary pCO2 values (42.6 mmHg and 43.2 mmHg) and mean pH values (7.32 and 7.33) in the two respective groups proved a respiratory acidosis. Capillary pO2 was above 100 mmHg in all groups. Temperature and relative humidity of inspired gases were 24 degrees C and 40 per cent, 23 degrees C and 25 per cent, 22 degrees C and 3 per cent at fresh gas flows of 70, 100 and 130 ml/kg . min respectively. PMID- 6786133 TI - [Pulmonary oedema following surgical removal of a phaeochromocytoma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of pulmonary oedema after anaesthesia for a chromaffinoma is reported. The advantages and disadvantages of various anaesthetic methods are discussed and suggestions are made for the prevention and treatment of likely complications. PMID- 6786134 TI - [A clinical study on the use of etomidate for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The action of etomidate, a short-acting non-barbiturate hypnotic agent, was studied in three groups of patients. Used alone for induction it did not significantly alter either the pulse rate or the diastolic blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure fell slightly, but became stable after 2 minutes. The pH of the arterial blood was not significantly altered. pO2 and pCO2 showed changes indicative of respiratory depression during induction (group 1). Etomidate combined with fentanyl caused a moderate, significant fall in both diastolic and systolic blood pressure, but did not affect the pulse rate (group 2). In view of its inconsiderable haemodynamic effects etomidate can be regarded as a safe agent for induction. In doses of 10-20 micrograms/kilogramme bodyweight/minute infusions of etomidate (combined with fentanyl and muscle relaxants) provide adequate basal narcosis for most routine surgical operations. It cannot, however, be considered the anaesthetic of choice for major abdominal surgery which requires deep analgesia and full muscular relaxation (group 3). PMID- 6786135 TI - Spectrophotometric measurement of hydroxylamine and its O-alkyl derivatives. PMID- 6786136 TI - Isolation of sulfated glycoproteins from human gastric juice with lysine- Sepharose. PMID- 6786137 TI - An enzymatic microassay for lactose. PMID- 6786138 TI - Specific colorimetric detection of o-diphenols and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine containing peptides. PMID- 6786139 TI - Isolation of a polydisperse high-molecular-weight glycogen from rat liver. PMID- 6786140 TI - A rapid and sensitive colorimetric assay of amine oxidase. PMID- 6786141 TI - A simple and continuous assay for decarboxylase activity using a carbon dioxide selective electrode. PMID- 6786142 TI - The effects of nitroglycerin on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in awake and anesthetized humans. PMID- 6786143 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in a patients with hyperkalemia and diabetic acidosis associated with acute anteroseptal pseudomyocardial infarction and bifascicular block. PMID- 6786144 TI - Acute myocardial infarction induced by ergotamine tartrate: possible role of coronary arterial spasm. AB - A 45-year-old woman with almost normal coronary arteries suffered from acute inferior myocardial infarction after taking 2 tablets (2.0 mg) of ergotamine tartrate for headache. She had had attacks of variant angina and spasm of the right coronary artery had been demonstrated during the attack. After the recovery from myocardial infarction the intravenous injection of ergonovine maleate 0.05 mg induced spasm of the right coronary artery again. We conclude that acute myocardial infarction in this patient was probably caused by coronary arterial spasm induced by ergotamine tartrate. PMID- 6786145 TI - Food allergy: current concerns. AB - This commentary focuses on the author's concerns with various aspects of food allergy. Strict criteria should be applied to the definition of food allergy and its diagnostic techniques. Industrial inhalational exposures, food contaminations and cross-sensitization all are important influences which demand studious attention. PMID- 6786147 TI - Serologic response in blastomycosis: diagnostic value of double immunodiffusion assay. AB - Double immunodiffusion (DID) is a useful, inexpensive antibody screening test that is more specific than complement fixation for blastomycosis. Seven of 10 patients with proved blastomycosis had positive results on DID assays for antibody to the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Sputum cytologic examination and skin or other tissue biopsies may be diagnostic if the organism is demonstrated. Culture remains the sina qua non of diagnosis, and a negative DID test result for A precipitin does not rule out this infection. Follow-up serologic studies of patients in remission and in relapse should be undertaken to determine the evolution of the immune response to the A antigen. PMID- 6786146 TI - Effects of cromolyn sodium on the response to respiratory heat loss in normal subjects. AB - To investigate whether premedication with cromolyn sodium blunts the bronchoconstrictor response that occurs in normal subjects after extreme degrees of airway cooling, we had 9 adult male inhale either cromolyn or placebo on separate days, in a random, double-blind fashion, before challenges with cold air. The latter consisted of eucapnic hyperventilation to levels in excess of 85% of the indirect maximal breathing capacity while the subjects breathed air at -13 degrees C. Partial and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves were measured before and after medication and after hyperventilation. Neither cromolyn nor placebo inhalation per se significantly affected pulmonary function. The cold-air challenges caused significant decreases in expiratory flows, and these changes were significantly attenuated by cromolyn but not placebo. Thus, in normal subjects, cromolyn has the ability to modify the airway response to respiratory tract heat loss. Because the subjects were free of sensitized airway mast cells, we interpret these findings as further evidence that cromolyn sodium has immunologic and nonimmunologic modes of action. PMID- 6786148 TI - Initial clinical trial of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 in tuberculin positive human subjects. AB - A single lot of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 was used in graded doses to skin test 92 persons in a geographic area where nonspecific tuberculin reactivity is uncommon. In 47 tuberculin-positive subjects, antigen 5 was found to have a potency of 2.7 tuberculin units/micrograms. An intradermal dose of 0.50 microgram was found to give typical delayed skin test reactions in all of 15 tuberculin positive subjects, with a mean reaction size of 15.17 mm. Some preparations of antigen 5 were found to be unstable during lyophilization and storage; solutions of antigen 5 in diluent containing Tween 80 were stable. Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen 5 is a potent tuberculin skin test antigen deserving of further clinical evaluation. PMID- 6786149 TI - Distribution of ethambutol in primate tissues and cells. AB - Ethambutol (EMB) concentrations that kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro accumulated in squirrel monkey tissues and cells known to be sites of tubercular infections. After oral administration of a clinically relevant 25 mg/kg dose, the whole-body distribution and intracellular localization of EMB were studied by radioautography. Tissue concentrations of drug were assayed by radiochemical and microbiological methods. The EMB was distributed rapidly and widely to most body tissues including lung and localized within pulmonary alveolar and axillary lymph node macrophages. The EMB in lung at 2 and 5 h after drug administration was markedly higher than the corresponding plasma concentrations and exceeded concentrations that are bactericidal in vitro for tubercle bacilli. These observations may help explain the early bactericidal activity of EMB in humans. Similarities in plasma and tissue concentrations of the drug in both species suggest the usefulness of the squirrel monkey as a model for the use of EMB in humans. PMID- 6786150 TI - The immune spectrum in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - The immune response to mycobacterial antigens of 65 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis was studied using delayed skin test reactions and enzyme-linked immunosorbent antibody assays. Evidence for a spectrum of immune response was found. Six of 35 patients studied during the first month of therapy had tuberculin skin test anergy. Anergy was not related to state of nutrition or extent of disease, but it may have been associated with radiographically acute disease. The 6 anergic patients had somewhat higher antibody titers to mycobacterial protein, but not polysaccharide antigens, than did nonanergic patients. PMID- 6786151 TI - Reduced serum levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D during long-term total parenteral nutrition. AB - Painful bone disease, characterized by patchy osteomalacia and inactive bone, can develop in patients treated with total parenteral nutrition for more than 3 months. Serum levels of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1 alpha, 25(OH)2D), 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured in seven adults and five children treated with parenteral nutrition for 9 to 60 months. Serum levels of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D were markedly reduced, while levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were normal. Serum calcium and phosphorus levels were normal or slightly increased, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels were normal or low. Renal function was normal or minimally reduced. Skeletal symptoms disappeared and serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D levels rose to normal in one patient when nutrient infusions were discontinued for 6 weeks. Removal of calcium from the nutrient solution for 2 to 4 days was associated with no change in serum 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D in two patients. The cause of the reduction in serum levels of 1 alpha, 25(OH)2D and its role in the pathogenesis of bone disease in these patients remain uncertain. PMID- 6786152 TI - Herpes zoster during gold therapy. PMID- 6786153 TI - [Serological relationships between serylprotease and esterase excreted by "Bacillus subtilis" during sporulation (author's transl)]. AB - During the sporulating phase of Bacillus subtilis an extracellular serylprotease (SPE) and an esterase are excreted. The two enzymes follow the same kinetics of appearance in the culture medium and have some properties in common, in particular both enzymes hydrolyze benzoyltyrosine ethylester and are inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. This raised the question of a possible structural relationship between the two proteins. A specific antiserum against the SPE was prepared. Using a radioimmunological assay, no reaction with the esterase could be detected. Asporogenous mutants (SpoOA and SpoOB) imparied in the production of both enzymes were analysed. Immunological assays with SPE-specific antiserum supported the hypothesis that the regulation of the biosynthesis of both enzymes would be affected by SpoOA and SpoOB mutations. PMID- 6786154 TI - [Adansonian classification and identification of psychrotrophic "Pseudomonas" from raw milk held at low temperature (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-nine strains representative of the dominant flora of raw milk held for 5 days at 4 - 5 degrees C were submitted to an Adansonian classification involving 77 criteria, mainly biochemical ones. Seventy-eight strains had most of the characters in common with the fluorescent group of Pseudomonas described by Stanier and coworkers. About half of these bacteria could be identified as P. fluorescens, despite the fact that some strains showed a few discrepancies from the ideal phenotype. The other half were intermediate between P. fluorescens and P. putida. These results and those of other workers, associated to ecological considerations, lead the author to contest the current models used for the identification of the fluorescent Pseudomonas. PMID- 6786155 TI - The vitamin A-zinc connection: a review. AB - A general summary of typical results involving animal studies is shown in TABLE 7. A consistent and established finding is a reduction of plasma vitamin A concentration in zinc-deficient animals despite diets adequate in vitamin A. However, it appears that the depressed plasma vitamin A is not a result of zinc deficiency per se but rather is nonspecific, resulting from food- and growth restriction factors associated with zinc deficiency. Food restriction apparently is the critical factor, since both immature and mature nongrowing zinc-deficient animals have exhibited the decreased plasma vitamin A concentration. However, this point needs clarification. Liver vitamin A concentration is usually unaltered by the zinc deficiency, suggesting no defect in absorption or transport to the liver. In regard to retinol-binding protein, it appears from the animal studies that zinc deficiency per se has an effect on both the plasma and liver RBP concentrations. We have hypothesized that zinc deficiency impairs RBP synthesis. It is speculated that only severe zinc deficiency results in a deficit of a sufficient magnitude for impairment of vitamin A metabolism at the cellular level. For example, retinene reductase, an apparent zinc-metallo alcohol dehydrogenase of the retina, appears to be sensitive to a severe zinc deficiency in animal studies. In humans, impaired dark adaptation may be a result of inadequate supplies of the metabolizable zinc necessary to maintain the activity of the enzyme system. Thus, the conversion (dehydrogenation) of vitamin A alcohol to vitamin A aldehyde is impaired, with a resulting abnormality in dark adaptation, i.e., night blindness. Indeed, the limited number of human studies suggest that zinc supplementation may be beneficial to vitamin A metabolism only in conditions where zinc deficiency is prevalent as indicated by low (less than 70 micrograms/100 ml) plasma zinc. Conversely, zinc supplementation is of little benefit in conditions where vitamin A metabolism is altered but zinc status is normal. Therefore, definitive clinical studies involving primary zinc deficiency must be conducted before final conclusions can be made regarding the interrelationships of zinc and vitamin A in health and disease. PMID- 6786156 TI - Role of calmodulin in states of altered catecholamine sensitivity. PMID- 6786157 TI - Studies on structure and function of calmodulin. PMID- 6786158 TI - A comparison of different preparations if bovine brain calmodulin. PMID- 6786159 TI - Evidence for calmodulin sensitive adenylate cyclase in bovine adrenal medulla. PMID- 6786160 TI - The control of lead: cost benefit analysis. PMID- 6786161 TI - Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to modern eye-banking technique. AB - Rabbit eyes were inoculated with different concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Copious irrigation and topical Neosporin solution decreased surface contamination by 90% as compared to controls. Ps. aeruginosa added to M-K medium and stored at 4 degree C remained viable for 6 days and multiplied rapidly when the medium was incubated at 35 degree C. Adding penicillin and streptomycin (125 units/ml each) suppressed, but did not prevent this growth. Gentamicin (100 micrograms/ml) suppressed growth in all vials by 72 hours at 4 degree C. These studies show that gentamicin is clearly superior to penicillin and streptomycin in preventing Ps. aeruginosa contamination of donor corneas. It is suggested that donor eyes and M-K media be routinely cultured upon arrival at the eye-bank and the time of surgery in order to avoid or immediately treat gentamicin-resistant donor cornea contamination. PMID- 6786162 TI - Childhood communication disorders: present status and future priorities. PMID- 6786163 TI - Childhood communication disorders: present status and future priorities. Introduction. PMID- 6786164 TI - Neurophysiological correlates of auditory maturation. AB - At the time of its birth, the auditory system of the cat is not completely developed. Anatomic maturity of the peripheral auditory system, ie, the cochlea, auditory nerve and cochlear nucleus, is attained at about two or three weeks of age. Physiological response properties of neural elements of the peripheral auditory system change radically during the first few weeks of life, with most measures of responsiveness to acoustic stimuli reaching adult status by the end of the third of fourth postnatal week. The physiological maturation of neural responses correlates well with the anatomic maturation of the auditory structures. At least one physiological response property, namely the ability of cochlear nucleus neurons to time their discharges in response to low-frequency tones, is not fully achieved until the sixth postnatal week or later. Although considerably less is known about the development of the central auditory system, it appears that it is in part dependent upon the maturation of more peripheral elements. Auditory evoked responses, for example, follow roughly the same developmental time course as do the majority of response properties of peripheral neurons. This implies that the central system is ready to function at birth, but that it must await the maturation of more peripheral elements before it can function properly. In contrast to that of the cat and other mammals, the auditory system of the human is relatively well advanced at birth. Certain aspects of brain development, such as dendritic aborization and axonal myelination, undergo considerable change postnatally. How these factors influence hearing is not known. PMID- 6786165 TI - Efferent components of the auditory system. AB - The origins and terminations of the olivocochlear bundle, which provides an efferent innervation to the organ of Corti, are described on the basis of experiments using axonal transport of tracer substances and light microscopy in the cat. The cells of origin were labeled by the retrograde tracer horseradish peroxidase which was injected unilaterally into the cochlea. Labeled cells in the superior olivary complex could be dichotomized according to their location (lateral or medial), their size (small or large), and their preferred side of projection (uncrossed or crossed). All labeled olivocochlear neurons exhibited a positive reaction for acetylcholinesterase. To determine the cochlear projections of the neurons, injections of a radioactive amino acid were made into either the lateral or medial olivocochlear cell group. After allowing time for synthesis and axonal transport of radio-labeled protein to reach synaptic endings in the cochleas, the tissue sections of these specimens were processed for autoradiography. The results indicate that lateral olivocochlear neurons project to the regional beneath the inner hair cells of both sides, whereas medial olivocochlear neurons project to the region beneath the outer hair cells of both sides. These findings are in substantial accord with previous experimental work but suggest that the organ of Corti receives a dual efferent innervation which is organized according to the location and morphology of its cells of origin. Accordingly, it is proposed that the two efferent components of the cochlear innervation described here be referred to as the lateral and medial olivocochlear systems, replacing the current designations of crossed and uncrossed olivocochlear bundles, the latter which are demonstrably heterogeneous in their origins and terminations and, probably, also in their functions. PMID- 6786167 TI - Panel -- research priorities in auditory science. The otologist's view. PMID- 6786166 TI - Educational and training priorities for clinicians and researchers in the area of communication disorders. A health science campus chancellor's perspective. PMID- 6786168 TI - Panel -- research priorities in auditory science. The audiologist's view. PMID- 6786169 TI - Panel -- research priorities in auditory science. The physiologist's view. PMID- 6786170 TI - Orofacial embryology, anatomy and physiology. AB - The orofacial region is intricately involved in shaping the speech signal that emerges from the speaker. Without this shaping, speech would be largely a communicatively indistinct blur. It is not surprising, therefore, that there is considerable interest in the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of this extremely important region of the body. PMID- 6786171 TI - Laryngeal development and congenital lesions. AB - In considering laryngeal development, functional development and the comparative anatomical approach of Sir Victor Negus must be included in addition to classical morphological development; postnatal questions are considered in addition to embryological and fetal development. PMID- 6786172 TI - Laryngeal surgery in the pediatric patient. AB - The primary concern in laryngeal surgery in the infant and child is to relieve airway obstruction, rather than phonation. Because airway obstruction above the larynx may stimulate or be confused with laryngeal pathology, these are described as the signs and symptoms of laryngeal disease. Although tracheotomy in the infant is frequently said to be a cause of a long-term problem, the procedure can be carried out in the smallest premature quite safely and without an extubation problem. The author's method of performing the operation is described. Most laryngeal surgery in the child is performed by the endoscopic approach, special scopes being used for special purposes. In addition to conventional instrumentation the cryoprobe and CO2 laser and employed. The author's method of treating glottic and subglottic stenosis is outlined. PMID- 6786173 TI - Prevention and treatment of stuttering. AB - Evidence is reviewed that forms the basis for prevention and treatment of stuttering as a problem of motor speech coordination. Simplification of phonatory complexity and retardation of phone rate have been demonstrated experimentally to virtually eliminate stuttering. These invariant relationships are used in rate control and breath stream management procedures to facilitate fluency. PMID- 6786174 TI - Perceptual evaluation of velopharyngeal competency. AB - Eight public school speech/language pathologists estimated velopharyngeal competence on the basis of perceptual evaluation of speech characteristics of 24 subjects. These evaluations were made from tape-recorded speech samples. After orientation to a system for scoring speech characteristics associated with velopharyngeal incompetence they reevaluated the same 24 subjects. The evaluations were found to improve significantly with orientation and to correlate well with experts' live evaluations as well as evaluations based on instrumentation which included telefluorography, manometric and pressure-flow data. It was concluded that speech-language pathologists, who by nature of their education and training have expertise in identification of speech deviations, can apply their skills effectively in identifying velopharyngeal incompetence. Further it was suggested that orientation to a system for weighing speech characteristics related to velopharyngeal competency can improve their estimates. PMID- 6786176 TI - Research priorities in speech. AB - The need for increased research activity in speech and its disorders is reviewed. Increasing interest in language and its disorders appears to have lessened research activity in areas commonly identified as speech disorders: articulation, voice and rhythm. Yet these areas, as well as all aspects of the total communication function, are little understood and some current understandings are even likely to be inaccurate. Thus, not only is additional new research needed but reinvestigation of current beliefs is also essential. Goals for communication research can be classified under five areas: better understanding of the speech mechanism, the communication processes, the individual as a communicator, disorders of speech, and prevention and remediation. Specific research needs as discussed in each of these five broad categories. PMID- 6786175 TI - Morphophonemic processes in children. AB - Classification of preschool children as language-delayed or articulation impaired, as though these deficit areas were independent, has seldom been challenged. Three groups of ten preschool children were selected to represent normally developing, articulation-impaired, and language-delayed subjects. Their productions of /s/, /z/, /t/, and /d/ were assessed in tasks requiring application of articulatory and grammatical rules. Each group had difficulty applying both articularly and grammatical rules, normal-speaking children performing best and language-delayed children applying the rules least consistently. Each group evidenced similar response patterns which conformed to developmental expectations. PMID- 6786177 TI - Language deficiency in children. AB - Research in cognition and language has provided useful constructs which suggests that specific deficits underlie language deficiencies in children. In addition, this research has provided procedures that the determine what a child knows about language at a particular level of development and has established a sequence of linguistic development that maps the specific content and structure of training programs. Two new areas of research offer additional approaches to assessment and remediation. One approach focuses on the actual principles and strategies that normal children use to learn language, making it possible to determine which methods are most efficient. The second research approach looks at the contextual conditions adults and children provide the first language learner. Preliminary work suggests that the natural conditions found universally in first language learning may be the best indicators of how to proceed with language-deficient children. PMID- 6786178 TI - Aspects of mother-child interaction as related to the remediation process. AB - Selected aspects of mother-child interaction are discussed with initial consideration given to the evidence regarding the emergence of conversational exchanges between normally developing language-learning children and their mothers. The results of a preliminary investigation in the area of mother-child interaction involving the clinical population of language-disordered children are presented. The research results are discussed in terms of the remediation process. PMID- 6786179 TI - Language stimulation group. Habilitation model. AB - Bloom's model of normal language development is reviewed in relation to clinical practice and is then expanded to account for disordered development. Four primary and four secondary assessment areas are then considered: language, cognition, motor, and affective development and nonverbal symbolic skills, attentional skills, social development, and physical-medical integrity. Finally, a way of integrating this evaluative information into the model of normal development is discussed and a sample curriculum is outlined. PMID- 6786180 TI - Language-based learning disabilities. AB - The purpose of this paper is to highlight the complexity of the relationship between oral language development and the acquisition of reading skills. As background information, a hierarchy of language development including factors related to both oral and written language is discussed. Case studies of two learning-disabled males are presented to illustrate the differences in reading skills between two children with similar language comprehension abilities. Discussion of the underlying processing deficits responsible for these differences is also included. PMID- 6786181 TI - Research priorities in language and learning. AB - The paper reviews recent work in the area of linguistics applied to abnormal language development, specifically in the area of grammar. Particular attention is paid to the notion of linguistic profiling as a procedure for assessment and remediation, using information from normal language development research as a guide. It is suggested that in addition to the potential benefit of the continuing advance in knowledge of normal language acquisition for studies of language disorders, the study of the language of mothers to children could prove of considerable value to the speech and language pathologist. PMID- 6786182 TI - Panel -- educational programming for the hearing-impaired: present and future. The United States. PMID- 6786183 TI - Panel -- educational programming for the hearing-impaired: present and future. Sweden. PMID- 6786184 TI - Panel -- educational programming for the hearing-impaired: present and future. Poland. PMID- 6786186 TI - Problems of the communicatively disadvantaged. An overview. AB - The article traces the attitude of various cultures through the centuries toward the hearing and speech handicapped. It outlines the early efforts to develop rehabilitative techniques for such handicaps, and describes a number of the pioneers in the field of education for the "deaf and dumb." The emergence of the opposing philosophies for training the hearing handicapped, the oral school and the signing school, and the influence these two had on the development of education for the deaf is described. The part played by basic research and the development of new instrumentation during the past 50 years in the solution of many of the problems of disordered communication is reviewed. Finally, the philosophic aims are described that led to the establishment of the Boys Town Institute for communicatively handicapped children. PMID- 6786185 TI - Panel -- educational programming for the hearing-impaired: present and future. Denmark. PMID- 6786187 TI - Pathology of congenital deafness. Present status and future priorities. AB - The pathology of congenital hearing loss is as varied as the etiologies. Severe external ear anomalies, such as microtia, and middle ear defects have a significant incidence of accompanying inner ear aplasias, more often of the vestibular than of the cochlear end-organs. Classic inner ear aplasias are discussed, including Michel, Mondini, Alexander and Scheibe. A case illustrating close resemblance between a genetically induced Scheibe malformation and rubella inner ear deformities is present. A variety of ear disorders acquired during intrauterine or neonatal life, including cytomegalic inclusion disease, hypoxia, erythroblastosis fetalis and later-onset genetic disorders are also discussed. Illustrative case histories are presented as well as priorities for future investigations into the pathology of congenital and genetic hearing loss. PMID- 6786188 TI - Role of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the management of children with middle ear effusion. AB - Evidence for the clinical effectiveness of adenoidectomy or tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in the management of children with persistent middle ear effusions is incomplete and what evidence there is the literature is not convincing. In the first year after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy there is less otitis media. The beneficial effects of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy on the incidence of otitis media declines in the second year after the operation. The prevailing opinion is that adenoidectomy is not indicated in the vast majority of children in whom a middle ear effusion has persisted for six weeks or more in spite of antibiotic therapy. Factors favoring an adenoidectomy would be persistent nasal obstruction, persistent purulent rhinorrhea and persistent adenoiditis. The role of tonsillectomy is even less clear, but the decision regarding tonsillectomy is made by most clinicians on the basis of the amount of intercurrent or chronic tonsillitis rather than on the basis of the middle ear effusion per se. PMID- 6786189 TI - Chronic otitis media and cholesteatoma. AB - Cholesteatoma may arise because of a number of events, but serous otitis media appears to be the precursor in the majority of instances. Whether one enters into conservative, simple excision of the keratotic mass or a more extensive modified radical mastoidectomy or radical exteriorizing procedure will depend upon whether the cholesteatoma is in a very small "pearl-like" mass, confined to a limited area, or whether it is dispersed to the point where total eradication is all but impossible. PMID- 6786190 TI - Support of programs for the communicatively disadvantaged child: role of the private foundation. AB - In comparison to its support of life-threatening diseases, the Federal government has given little support to preventing and alleviating communicative disorders. The very fact that they are not life threatening, means that communicative disorders can remain an uncomfortable, costly, and debilitating factor throughout the lives of millions of children and adults. In view of the magnitude of the problem and the lack of Federal support, responsible leaders are going to have to turn to the general public for support. Foundations, corporations and individuals can provide support for training and organizing services. Such support may well provide them with an opportunity to assist in an area which has touched their families or them personally. Research, training and service programs for the communicatively disadvantaged child are urged to seek financial support from private foundations. PMID- 6786191 TI - Behavioral methods in pediatric audiology: past, present, future. AB - A pediatric audiologic test battery consisting of both behavioral conditioning approaches and electrophysiological techniques has been developed and refined during the past decade. At present, a high rate of success can be anticipated in identifying and describing various degrees, types and configurations of pediatric hearing loss. Further, progress has been seen in the development of a battery of materials which are linguistically appropriate for assessing the utilization of residual auditory function among young hearing-impaired children. It is obvious, however, that clinical research is still needed to assure expansion and refinement of existing materials and techniques used for discrimination testing. Further, methodology must be developed for objective analysis of a youngster's auditory response behaviors if additional handicapping conditions are to be identified at an early age. Finally, a major challenge in the future is to analyze through systematic clinical investigation the potential contribution that can accrue with the administration of central audiologic test procedures designed both to identify and to classify various auditory-based language and learning disabilities. PMID- 6786192 TI - Impedance audiometry. AB - After a review of the development of acoustic impedance measurements, the principles of tympanometry, static compliance and measurements of the middle ear reflexes are described. The interpretation of tympanometry is done by analyzing three essential features: pressure, amplitude and shape. The influence of high probe tones on the shape of the tympanogram and the possibility of analyzing the stiffness-mass relationship are pointed out. Impedance screening has supplemented tone screening on 5,886 seven-year-olds in five separate investigations from 1972 to 1978. In the last and most conclusive investigation on 1,027 children, the otologist found 6% pathological ears. Stapedius reflex threshold testing (ipsilateral stimulation), criterion level 110 dB SPL rated 7.8% of the ears as abnormal. Tympanometry resulted in 6.5% pathological ears and tone screening at 0.5 kHz 1.9%. Based on these results the following screening procedure is recommended: tone screening at 0.5 and 4.0 kHz supplemented by tympanometry. A middle ear pressure of less than or equal to 150 mm H2O, or a flat tympanogram and/or tone screening levels not equal to 20 dB HTL at 0.5 kHz and/or 4.0 kHz are considered at indicative of ear pathology. Children failing the screening test should have a repeat test after four to six weeks at school and only those who do not pass at this time should be referred to an otologist. PMID- 6786193 TI - Electrophysiologic audiometry. PMID- 6786194 TI - Vestibular testing in children. AB - Vestibular evaluation in the pediatric population has in the past taken several forms. For the most part, the pediatric vestibular evaluation has been more subjective than objective. One of the primary reasons for this has been the obvious difficulties encountered in trying to conduct a standard, adult electronystagmography (ENG) procedure on a pediatric patient population not capable of performing in a manner conductive to a good ENG recording. The purpose of this paper is to suggest certain modifications of the standard adult ENG battery for use with young children and infants. Discussion consists of modifications in the areas of various ocular movement tests including sinusoidal pursuit, calibration, optokinetics and gaze testing. In addition, procedures relative to peripheral vestibular output from perrotational and caloric stimulation are discussed. Topics also include the use of a closed-loop caloric irrigator and simultaneous caloric irrigation as viable alternatives to standard, alternative water irrigation when testing the vestibular output of a young child or infant. PMID- 6786195 TI - Uses and abuses of hearing aids. AB - The view is expressed that many hearing-impaired individuals are not deriving maximum benefit from amplification or are not using amplification at all because of failure of professionals to keep in mind certain uses and abuses. Some of the specific uses are for minimal and profound hearing losses, adaptation with special earmold modifications, chronic or recurrent conductive losses, part-time use, and binaural listening. Some specific abuses include: unrealistic expectations, overlooking the role of motivation, pressuring persons to try/wear amplification, overamplification, Y cord, inappropriate binaural fittings, and failure to alternate a hearing aid between ears in symmetrical hearing losses. PMID- 6786196 TI - Advances in sensory aids for the hearing-impaired: visual and vibrotactile aids. AB - An informal sketch is given of the background and current status of research on electronic aids designed to convert speech into visual or tactile patterns in order to alleviate problems of speech reception and speech production by the hearing-impaired. The functions and problems of the major types of such aids are briefly described and literature references are given. PMID- 6786197 TI - Review of recent research on the selection of frequency-gain characteristics for hearing aids. AB - Following the Harvard master hearing aid study in 1947 there was little research on linear amplification. Recently, however, there have been a number of studies designed to determine the relationship between the frequency-gain characteristic of a hearing aid and speech intelligibility for persons with sensorineural hearing loss. These studies have demonstrated that a frequency-gain characteristic that rises at a rate of 6 dB/octave, as suggested by the Harvard study, is not optimal. They have also demonstrated that high-frequency emphasis of 10-40 dB above 500-1000 Hz is beneficial. Most importantly, they have demonstrated that hearing aids as they are presently being fit do not provide maximum speech intelligibility. Percent word correct scores obtained with the best frequency-gain characteristics tested in various studies have been found to be 9 to 19 percentage points higher than scores obtained with commercial aids owned by subjects. This increase in scores is equivalent to an increase in signal to-noise ratio of 10 to 20 dB. This is a significant increase which could allow impaired listeners to communicate in many situations where they presently cannot. These results demonstrate the need for further research on linear amplification aimed at developing practical suggestions for fitting hearing aids. PMID- 6786198 TI - Coding considerations in design of cochlear prostheses. AB - Some basic considerations in design of multichannel auditory nerve array stimulators and sound processors for an electrical stimulation cochlear prosthesis are briefly reviewed. Considerations specific to the design of strict auditory nerve simulation-based prostheses are discussed, as are considerations for production of channel vocoder-based and more purely information-based prostheses. PMID- 6786199 TI - Frequency analysis in normal and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - Recent studies of frequency analysis in listeners with normal hearing and in those with sensorineural hearing losses are reviewed and compared with related physiological data. These studies suggest that it is now possible to obtain detailed audiological or psychoacoustic data for human listeners that closely parallel physiological data obtained in eighth nerve recordings from animals. Implications of these developments for future research with impaired listeners are discussed. PMID- 6786200 TI - Communication disorders: investigator training and support needs. AB - There are very few "simple problems" left in the area of communication disorders, but that does not mean that there are unsolvable problems. However, in pursuit of these, present day research often requires extensive technical procedures which require teams of investigators trained in different areas. Among these should be the otolaryngologist, but, in this country, there are few involved and there is a paucity of disease-oriented research. In the 1950s and 1960s the NIH training grant provided funds for bringing doctor of philosophy researchers into clinical departments to set up laboratories and work intimately with the medical doctor. Basic research training is still essential during residency and the number of postresidency fellowships ought to be increased. The familiarity with clinical problems introduced into the research effort should improve the possibility for the conduction of disease-oriented research in addition to the present day emphasis on basic research. PMID- 6786202 TI - [Clinical and biological study of 153 cases of sexual infantilism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786201 TI - Time course of auditory perceptual learning. AB - The time course of auditory perceptual learning can vary from one hour to more than a year, depending on the task, the complexity of the sounds, and the level of stimulus uncertainty under which the tasks are learned. Previous studies are reviewed which show that longer training is required to identify sounds than to discriminate between them, while the least time-consuming task is to learn to detect a sound's presence. The time course of each of these tasks is greatly extended for complex sounds compared to those for single tones. The learning of a speech-like code would thus be expected to require longer training than the employed in previous psychoacoustic research. The consequences of this fact for the exploitation of residual hearing are briefly discussed. PMID- 6786203 TI - Pachydermatocele in body regions other than the head and neck. PMID- 6786205 TI - Melanogenesis in cultured human neuroblastomas. AB - The catecholic amino acids, dopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopa, and the dopamine metabolite, homovanillic acid, were determined in 8 neuroblastomas. 5-S Cysteinyldopa and/or dopa were detected in all cases and homovanillic acid was present in 5. Dopa was also found in two tumours in which no definite histological diagnosis could be made. Neuroblastoma cells were cultured from 7 patients. The ageing of human sympathoblasts in culture was accompanied by modifications in the ability to synthetize dopa, which is a precursor of catecholamines as well as of melanins, and the metabolite homovanillic acid. An increase in the levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa, a metabolite of the melanocytes, has been observed. Concurrent modifications of ultrastructural morphology with the disappearance of granular vesicles and appearance of melanosomes were noticed. This modulation of the original phenotypic expression commonly resulted in cell death, but in one case of metastatic adenopathy of a neuroblastoma we have been able to establish a permanent pigmented cell line. PMID- 6786204 TI - Steroid and gonadotropin profiles in menopausal women on three different oral replacement regimens. AB - Three different estrogen-progestin regimens were studied in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Plasma steroid and gonadotropin profiles were determined. As judged by the increase of plasma FSH concentrations, as well as by the decrease of plasma estrone and estradiol concentrations, one treatment-free week during a four week cycle was too long. This FSH increase could not even be eliminated by administering estrogen at half the treatment dose. PMID- 6786206 TI - [Reciprocal changes in T3 nd rT3 serum concentrations in digestive diseases resulting in childhood protein-calorie malnutrition (author's transl)]. AB - In 14 children affected by digestive diseases producing protein-calorie malnutrition T3 and rT3, T4, TSH serum levels and TBG and TBPA maximum binding capacity were measured at the moment of the hospitalisation and up to their clinical and biochemical amelioration. No changes in serum T4 and TSH levels and in TBGcap values were detected. TBPAcap was found to be persistently low. At the moment of the hospitalisation serum T3 and rT3 average values were found to be 65 +/- 25 ng/dl and 58 +/- 25 ng/dl respectively. Opposite changes in serum concentrations of the triiodothyronines were observed at the moment of the interruption of the study; T3 values were 200 +/- 64 ng/dl and rT3 value 25 +/- 16 ng/dl. T4 deiodination may be a homeostatic process and its preferential conversion to either activating (T3) or inactivating (rT3) pathways is related to the state of the organism. PMID- 6786207 TI - Clinical and electroencephalographic characteristics of midline parasagittal foci. AB - We report the clinical and electroencephalographic (EEG) characteristics of 14 patients with midline parasagittal epileptogenic foci. Montages not including the vertex electrodes demonstrated the abnormal activity poorly or not at all. The clinical manifestations were diverse and included tonic-clonic, atypical absence, and partial seizures. In the majority, no cause could be established. The interictal EEG abnormality did not predict the pattern of clinical attack. Half the patients had evidence of structural brain disease. Four patients had no history of seizures. PMID- 6786208 TI - Myoclonic seizures following chlorambucil overdose. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old child developed myoclonic seizures following a chlorambucil overdose. Serial electroencephalograms showed paroxysmal discharges that continued several days beyond clinical seizure activity. The use of the electroencephalogram when chlorambucil toxicity is suspected is discussed. PMID- 6786209 TI - New medications-1981. PMID- 6786210 TI - [Antibiotic behavior of Ps. aeruginosa strains isolated from various types of clinical material]. AB - Altogether 158 strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from the material of open and close cavities and blood of patients with bronchopulmonary diseases were studied. It was found that the majority of the virulent (92.6 per cent) and avirulent (70.3 per cent) cultures were characterized by multiple resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, levomycetin and polymyxin B with preserved sensitivity to gentamicin and carbenicillin. The source of the P. aeruginosa isolation had a significant influence on its relation to the effect of antibiotics: the highest number of the resistant cultures was isolated from the blood. No differences in the antibiotic effect on P. aeruginosa depending on the serotype were observed. No differences in the antibiotic effect on P. aeruginosa depending on the serotype were observed. Virulent cultures of P. aeruginosa typed with group agglutinating sera and isolated from the material of the open and close cavities were characterized by a higher resistance level to tetracycline, kanamycin, monomycin and levomycetin than the virulent not-typed strains. PMID- 6786211 TI - Morphological expressions of antibiotic synergism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa as observed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - Antibiotic-induced changes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were observed by means of a scanning electron microscope. Seven frequent and five less frequent morphological changes were noted. The frequent changes were: (i) elongation; (ii) chain formation; (iii) nub formation; (iv) spheroplasts; (v) surface holes or pits; (vi) super-elongation; and (vii) increased filamentation. The less frequent changes were: (i) rounded ends; (ii) streptococcal forms; (ii) stalked nubs; (iv) surface bulges; and (v) convoluted surfaces. A morphological equivalent of antibiotic synergism was found in which changes were noted due to synergistic combinations of antibiotics that were not observed when the antibiotics were used alone or when a nonsynergistic combination of antibiotics was used. PMID- 6786212 TI - Coagglutination as a test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - After growth on Thayer-Martin medium, 196 strains of freshly isolated Neisseria gonorrhoeae were subjected to a coagglutination reaction. The sensitivity of the test was 94% and did not vary much in the hands of four consecutive technicians. In a group of 99 strains tested by one of the technicians non-interpretable results were obtained with 17% of the strains when the test was performed with cells taken from the first or primary plate, against 9% when cells from the secondary (subcultured) plate were used. The lowest number of non-interpretable results was found with a modified Thayer-Martin medium, which also showed the lowest number of false negatives (2%). No non-interpretable results were obtained when the bacterial suspension was first heated to 100 degrees C for 3 min. In a group of 14 recently isolated strains of non-gonococcal species there was only one, preventable, false-positive strain and there were none in a group of 12 meningococci (all of them laboratory strains). In comparison with the fermentation test with Lingelsheim's sugars, the coagglutination test with cells taken from the primary plate with Thayer-Martin medium yielded a conclusive result more often. The test is simple and rapid and does not require special technical equipment. It seems to deserve a place as a confirmative test in the search for gonococci in samples from the urogenital-anal area. PMID- 6786213 TI - Ethane oxidation by methane-oxidizing bacteria. AB - The relationship between the rates of methane and ethane oxidation by washed suspensions of methane-oxidizing bacteria has been investigated. Considerable differences between bacterial strains were observed. Two closely related Methylomonas strains which differed in their oxidizing capacity were further investigated. The low ethane oxidation rate of one strain could be strongly stimulated by the addition of oxidizable co-substrates and the presence of ethane stimulated formate oxidation. The other strain had a much higher ethane oxidation rate and stimulation by co-substrates was negligible. Differences between the levels of dissimilative enzymes in cell-free extracts could not be detected. Attempts to produce extracts with methane mono-oxygenase activity failed. When cells were made permeable with chitosan the results suggested that strains with a low ethane oxidizing capacity obtain the required reductant for the moo-oxygenase from endogenous respiration. In strains with a high ethane oxidation rate, the reductant appears to be derived from oxidation of ethanol or acetaldehyde. PMID- 6786214 TI - New isolation of Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa). AB - After many attempts to re-isolate Clostridium aceticum (Wieringa) had been unsuccessful, finally a new strain could be isolated that was morphologically and physiologically identical, as could be demonstrated by comparing this strain with the original one, retrieved recently from an old culture collection. Both strains showed the ability to produce cellular materials and acetate from a CO2-H2 gas mixture, as well as from fructose as the substrate. A detailed description of the enrichment and isolation procedures used, is given. PMID- 6786216 TI - Acetate, methanol and carbon dioxide as substrates for growth of Methanosarcina barkeri. AB - Methanosarcina barkeri grows in defined media with acetate, methanol or carbon dioxide as carbon sources. Methanol is used for methanogenesis at a 5 times higher rate as compared with other substrates. M. barkeri can use the substrates simultaneously, but due to acidification or alkalification of the medium during growth on methanol or acetate, respectively, growth and methano-genesis may stop before the substrates are exhausted. Growth and methano-genesis on methanol or acetate are inhibited by the presence of an excess of H2; the inhibition is abolished by the addition of carbon dioxide, which probably serves as an essential source of cell carbon, in the absence of which methano-genesis ceases. PMID- 6786215 TI - Continuous culture studies on the production of staphylocoagulase by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The production of staphylocoagulase was studied with continuous cultures of various S. aureus strains in a simple salts medium supplemented with mannitol, casein hydrolysate and three vitamins. Conditions of low oxygen availability and magnesium-limitation were required for optimal steady-state staphylocoagulase production. It was demonstrated that the specific rate of staphylocoagulase production was dependent on the growth rate. In two bovine strains, the production rate pattern was similar to that of an inducible enzyme sensitive to catabolite repression, although no specific inductor suppressor could be demonstrated. The human strain, on the other hand, produced staphylocoagulase constitutively. In all strains the specific rate of production of total extracellular protein was strictly proportional to the growth rate. The bovine strains produced 6 times more staphylocoagulase in chemostat culture as compared with batch cultures of the same organisms. It is likely that mannitol functioned as an energy source rather than as a carbon source because it was converted for a major part to acetate and for a minor part to lactate and not to new cell material. Repression and staphylocoagulase production by mannitol, acetate or lactate was not observed. The probable nature of the regulating mechanism(s) underlying staphylocoagulase production is discussed. PMID- 6786217 TI - Levels of coenzyme F420, coenzyme M, hydrogenase, and methylcoenzyme M methylreductase in acetate-grown Methanosarcina. AB - Methanosarcina barkeri strain 227 maintained on an acetate medium for 2 years was found to possess hydrogenase, methylcoenzyme M methylreductase, coenzyme F420, and coenzyme M. The levels of these constituents in acetate-grown cells were similar to those found in cells of the same strain grown on methanol or hydrogen and carbon dioxide. PMID- 6786218 TI - Extension of the model concerning linkage of genes coding for C-1 related functions in Methylobacterium organophilum. AB - Evidence is presented which suggests that Methylobacterium organophilum contains isoenzymes of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity. Methanol-grown cells contained an acetyl coenzyme A (CoA)-insensitive activity which precipitated in a 65 to 75% of saturation ammonium sulfate fraction. Succinate-grown cells contained an acetyl-CoA-stimulated activity which precipitated in a 55 to 65% of saturation ammonium sulfate fraction. Mutants unable to grow on methanol appeared to lack acetyl-CoA-insensitive activity. This acetyl-CoA-insensitive phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, along with malyl-CoA lyase, is proposed to be encoded by the C-1 operon. The gene for formate dehydrogenase appeared to reside outside the operon and was not inducible by methanol. M. organophilum was unable to grow on formate, and evidence is presented suggesting that formate is unable to induce the enzymes which comprise the serine pathway for formaldehyde fixation. An expanded model for the C-1 operon is presented. PMID- 6786219 TI - Carboxymethyl cellulase and cellobiase production by Clostridium acetobutylicum in an industrial fermentation medium. AB - The production of a carboxymethyl cellulase and a cellobiase by Clostridium acetobutylicum was demonstrated. In liquid medium the carboxymethyl cellulase was induced by molasses, and it was not repressed by glucose. Optimum carboxymethyl cellulase activity occurred at pH 4.6 and 37 degrees C. PMID- 6786220 TI - Lectin-like constituents of foods which react with components of serum, saliva, and Streptococcus mutans. AB - Hot and cold aqueous extracts were prepared from 22 commonly ingested fruits, vegetables, and seeds. When tested by agar diffusion, extracts from 13 and 10 of the foods formed precipitin bands with samples of normal rabbit serum and human saliva, respectively; extracts from four of the foods also reacted with antigen extracts of strains of Streptococcus mutans. When added to rabbit antiserum, extracts from 18 of 21 foods tested inhibited reactivity with antigen extracts derived from S. mutans MT3. Extracts from 16 foods agglutinated whole S. mutans cells, whereas those from 10 foods agglutinated human erythrocytes of blood types A and B. The lectin-like activities of extracts which reacted with human saliva were studied further. Pretreatment of saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (S-HA) beads with extracts of bananas, coconuts, carrots, alfalfa, and sunflower seeds markedly reduced the subsequent adsorption of S. mutans MT3. Pretreatment of S-HA with banana extract also strongly inhibited adsorption of S. mutans H12 and S. sanguis C1, but it had little effect on attachment of Actinomyces naeslundii L13 or A. viscosus LY7. Absorption experiments indicated that the component(s) in banana extract responsible for inhibiting streptococcal adsorption to S-HA was identical to that which bound to human erythrocytes. The banana hemagglutinin exhibited highest activity between pH 7 and 8, and it was inhibited by high concentrations of glucosamine, galactosamine, and, to a lesser extent, mannosamine. Other sugars tested had no effect. The selective bacterial adsorption-inhibiting effect noted for banana extract was also observed in studies with purified lectins. Thus, pretreating S-HA with wheat germ agglutinin and concanavalin A inhibited adsorption of S. mutans MT3 cells, whereas peanut agglutinin, Ulex agglutinin, Dolichos agglutinin, and soybean agglutinin had little effect; none of these lectins affected attachment of A. viscosus LY7. Collectively, the observations suggest that many foods contain lectins which can interact with components of human saliva and S. mutans cells. Because of their potential to influence host-parasite interactions in the mouth and elsewhere in the gastrointestinal canal, these reactions warrant further study. PMID- 6786221 TI - Abnormal concentrations of B vitamins and amino acids in plasma and B vitamins in bile of rabbits with aflatoxicosis. AB - The dosages of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) required to produce significant changes in concentrations of B vitamins in plasma and bile and of amino acids in plasma of rabbits were determined. Folate increased by 98% in plasma, whereas concentration of thiamine, vitamin B6, and biotin decreased by more than 50%. In bile, choline and biotin increased 14- and 18-fold, respectively, whereas folate and niacin decreased by more than 50%. All amino acids in plasma increased between 76 and 155%. The dosages of AFB1 required to induce these changes were usually between 12.5 and 37.5 microgram/kg of body weight per day. Except for changes in biliary concentrations of pantothenic acid, folic acid, and biotin, lower threshold dosages of aflatoxin were required to produce weight loss and anorexia (5.0 and 8.5 microgram of AFB1/kg per day, respectively) than for changes in vitamins and amino acids (approximately 25 to 50 microgram of AFB1/kg per day). The data indicated that AFB1 interfered with the metabolism of B vitamins and amino acids in rabbits. PMID- 6786223 TI - New selective agent for isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Results of minimal inhibitory concentration tests with a diversity of bacterial strains showed that 9-chloro-9-(4-diethylaminophenyl)-10-phenylacridan (C-390) inhibited the growth of all microorganisms tested (other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa) at 25 microgram/ml or less, whereas MICs obtained for P. aeruginosa ranged from to to greater than 100 microgram/ml. Therefore, C-390 was evaluated as a potential selective agent for P. aeruginosa in pseudomonas agar F. Recovery tests were conducted on this medium with 53 strains o P. aeruginosa, and the results were compared to those obtained in similar tests on commercially available selective media, i.e., pseudomonas isolation agar and Pseudosel agar. The results of these comparisons indicated that pseudomonas agar F with C-390 was significantly less inhibitory than Pseudosel agar and pseudomonas isolation agar and more selective than pseudomonas isolation agar. The incorporation of C-390 in pseudomonas agar F also provided a medium that was both selective and differential. Preliminary evidence also suggested that C-390 may be added to other basal media with comparable results. PMID- 6786222 TI - Inhibition of aflatoxin production by selected insecticides. AB - The insecticide naled completed inhibition production of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 by and growth of Aspergillus parasiticus at a 100-ppm (100 microgram/ml) concentration. The insecticides dichlorvos, Landrin, pyrethrum, Sevin, malathion, and Diazinon significantly (P = 0.05) inhibited production of aflatoxins at a 100 ppm concentration. However, at a concentration of 10 ppm, significant inhibition in production of aflatoxins was found only with naled, dichlorvos, Sevin, Landrin, and pyrethrum. Dichlorvos, Landrin, Sevin, and naled inhibited growth of A. parasiticus by 28.9 , 18.9, 15.7, and 100%, respectively, at 100 ppm. Stimulation of growth was observed when diazinon was added to cultures. Aflatoxin B1 was most resistant to inhibition by insecticides, followed by G1, G2, and B2, respectively. PMID- 6786224 TI - On the origin of light-induced changes in the proton magnetic relaxation rate of chloroplast thylakoid membrane suspensions. PMID- 6786225 TI - Conformation of pepsin and pepsinogen: some aspects of the role of tyrosine residues and the 1-44 segment of pepsinogen on conformational stability. PMID- 6786226 TI - Purification, characterization, and properties of beta-glucosidase enzymes from Sclerotium rolfsii. PMID- 6786227 TI - Appearance of a second form of hepatic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase during neonatal development in the mouse. PMID- 6786229 TI - [Particularities of certain Malagasy stock bacteria]. PMID- 6786228 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on infrastructure and mitotic activity of Tetrahymena pyriformis]. AB - Effects of U.V. irradiation, 3,600 erg/mm2, administrated at a low dose rate, over 75 mn at the very beginning of the cell cycle, were investigated in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Irradiation results in mitotic activity changes, followed either by cell death or cell survival with subsequent normal division activity. Nucleolar fusion, possible intracytoplasmic extrusion of nucleolar aggregates and particular pictures of nucleologenesis are described. Simultaneous cytoplasmic lesions can contribute to the delayed death of Tetrahymena after U.V. irradiation. PMID- 6786231 TI - Bacillus cereus food poisoning. PMID- 6786230 TI - [Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Madagascar. Antibiotic sensitivity--research of strains producing beta-lactamase]. PMID- 6786232 TI - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6786233 TI - Emetic food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus. AB - Symptoms of acute food poisoning developed in eight members of a group who ate lunch at a cafeteria. After brief incubation periods, all affected individuals complained of nausea and abdominal cramps. Four persons promptly experienced vomiting. None of those affected was found to have fever and all recovered with 48 hours. Epidemiologic investigation incriminated macaroni and cheese as a cause of the illness and samples of this food contained large numbers of Bacillus cereus. Previous outbreaks of B cereus emetic food poisoning have been associated with consumption of contaminated fried rice and may occur after ingestion of other foods. PMID- 6786234 TI - Are home hemodialysis aides cost-effective? Cost of home hemodialysis aides. AB - Payment for home hemodialysis aides has been proposed as a means of inducing shifts from center hemodialysis to less-expensive home hemodialysis. By using a simulation model, we computed the cost per life year of end-stage renal disease care when changes in the proportions of patients treated by center for home hemodialysis are brought about by paying for home hemodialysis aides. If all home hemodialysis patients receive payment for aides, total costs will increase unless there are sufficient shifts from center to home hemodialysis to offset the increased costs. The cost-effectiveness of home hemodialysis aides is critically dependent on who receives a paid aide, the salary of the aid, and the number of patients who move from center to home hemodialysis. Poorly formulated regulations may jeopardize the cost-effectiveness of home hemodialysis and increase the total cost of end-stage renal disease care. PMID- 6786235 TI - [Values of the effective anterograde refractory period of the bundle of His]. AB - The effective refractory period of the His bundle (ERP.H), the longest H1, H2 interval not followed by a V2 ventricular complex, was measured in 45 cases during the electrophysiological investigation of 500 Patients by premature atrial stimulation techniques. The patients were divided into two groups according to the result: Group I: 22 patients with syncope, a spontaneous HV interval greater than 60 ms, greater than 100 ms after Ajmaline or infrahisian block with atrial pacing at less than 150 bpm. Group II: 23 patients without these abnormalities. The ERP.H was significantly different (p less than 0,001) in the two groups with valves greater than 400 ms in Group I and less than 400 ms in Group II. It is suggested that in the absence of other electrophysiological abnormalities an ERP.H of 400 ms or over may be an indication for permanent pacing in patients with Stokes-Adams attacks. The finding of an ERP.H of over 400 ms is associated with severe infrahisian block. However, the ERP.H depends on the ERP of the AV node which must be shorter to calculate the refractory periods of the His bundle, and, above all, on the basal sinus cycle. The ERP.H decreases with shorter sinus cycles and cannot be calculated when the sinus cycle is less than 600 ms. Conversely, the critical value of 400 ms is not valid for cycles longer than 1000 ms as cycles of that length are associated with lengthening of the ERP.H. The regression of infrahisian block during programmed atrial pacing after Atropine does not seem to be a reliable method of distinguishing between physiological and pathological atrioventricular block. PMID- 6786236 TI - [Coronary arteriography and long-term prognosis in postero-inferior infarction. Methodological reflections apropos of a preliminary retrospective survey]. AB - Most studies of the long term prognosis after myocardial infarction take only parameters reflecting the quantity of necrosed cardiae muscle and the resulting disturbances in left ventricular function into account. Coronary arteriography should give a more precise assessment by the detection of stenoses on arteries supplying healthy myocardium, especially in small infarcts. This concept was tested in a retrospective study of 100 patients investigated 1 to 12 months after inaugural posterior or inferior myocardial infarction between 1970 and 1979, and followed-up for an average of 32,5 months. THe survival curves of subgroups defined by angiographic parameters were compared by Mantel's method. The 5 year survival rate was 91,2 +/- 3,4%, corresponding to a mortality of 26 deaths per 1000 patients year. This very low mortality rate may be related on the one hand to the selection of the patients, especially those investigated at a distance from the infarct, and on the other hand, to the role of drug therapy. The number of patients required to compare two therapeutic protocols would be necessarily high because of the low overall mortality. The 5 year survival rate without a serious cardiac event (death, recurrent infarction, deterioration to Stages III or IV of the NYHA Classification, acute coronary insufficiency), was 76,8 +/- 6.4%. The only discriminating angiographic sign in this study was the number of diseased vessels: triple vessel disease significantly increased the risk of a serious cardiac event, (p less than 0,04). The preliminary results have led to the establishment of a stricter protocol designed to improve the indications of coronary arteriography in postero-inferior infarction. PMID- 6786237 TI - [Surgical revascularization of infarcted myocardial areas. Its effects on left ventricular function]. AB - The results of twelve patients undergoing revascularisation procedures of infarcted myocardial territory alone were analysed quantitatively by planimetry in the right anterior oblique projection. Patients operated in the acute phase of myocardial infarction (2 cases) were distinguished from those with preinfarction syndromes (8 patients) and those with postinfarction angina (2 patients). Two posterior wall and ten anterior wall revascularisations were carried out by single bypass grafts (8) and double bypass grafts (2) with no operative deaths. The results were assessed 2 months to two years after operation (average: 6 months). Twelve of the fourteen bypass grafts were patent. Only one of the twelve operated patients, an anterior wall revascularisation, was considered a complete surgical failure: global left ventricular function and segmental wall movement progressively deteriorated with reduced contractility and velocity of fibre shortening. Improved contraction of both anterior and posterior walls was observed in the other 11 patients. The ejection fraction of the 9 patients with anterior wall revascularisation rose significantly from 47,1 +/- 10,5% to 56,3 +/ 3,5% and a similar rise was observed in systolic index (29,0 +/- 12,0 to 36,8 +/ 11,0 ml/syst./m2); the average akinetic end diastolic perimeter fell by 17%; segmental wall analysis of mean radial shortening and mean amplitude of excursion on the hemiaxes was improved, especially in the antero apical region: the corrected rates of mean excursion and average systolic work indices (33,2 +/- 15 to 41 +/- 13 gm/syst./m2) also increased. Surgical revascularisation of infarcted zones, made possible by new methods of cardioplagia and reliable circulatory assistance, may lead to improvement in global and segmental left ventricular function with minimal risk to the patient: this is thought to be due to an active mechanism and not to the passive process of scarring. Although a reserved attitude should be adopted in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, preinfarction syndromes and unstable postinfarction angina could well benefit from surgical management. PMID- 6786238 TI - [Coronary bypass surgery. Results after 5 years : mortality - morbidity]. AB - The improvement in the expectation and quality of life of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery has been studied in the short term but there are relatively few studies with follow-up periods of over five years. The results in 239 patients operated on between 1970 and 1976 are presented. The preoperative data was obtained from a computerised filing system; studies were made at 3 months, at an average of 60 months, and in 78 patients with follow-up exceeding 5 years. Actuarial survival rates were calculated. The operative mortality was 9 patients (3,7%); late mortality was 21 patients (9,2%). Most deaths were due to cardiac causes. The following factors did not appear to be associated with a poor prognosis: sex, the number of cardiovascular risk factors, the number of bypass grafts; however, age and poor left ventricular function as identified by ECG (p less than 0,01), the presence of clinical cardiac failure (p less than 0,001) and by angiography (p less than 0,001) were associated with a poor prognosis. The long-term functional results were interesting: 67% patients followed up to 5 years and 56% patients followed up for over 5 years had no angina. Myocardial infarction occurred in 16,7% of patients at 5 years. Preexisting left ventricular failure which affected the operative and immediate postoperative results was also found secondarily in 9% of patients at 5 years. In the long term, the annual mortality rate seemed to be less in patients with triple vessel disease after myocardial revascularisation. The annual mortality rate of patients with left anterior descending disease alone did not seem to be improved when compared with medically treated patients until after the third year. Once again, the extent of myocardial disease was shown to be the essential prognostic factor whatever the coronary profile of the patient. In this study patients with severe angina or unstable angina who had been treated medically before surgery had the same results as those treated surgically by first intention; this fact is an argument in favour of initial medical management in all forms of angina. PMID- 6786239 TI - [Preliminary study on the resumption of work after aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - A questionnaire was sent 8 months to 3 years after aorto-coronary bypass to 98 patients who, before surgery, had had to abandon their professional activities because of ischaemic heart disease to assess the numbers who had returned to work: thirty six patients (37%) had not returned to work for medical or personal reasons; only one patient had been refused by his employee; sixty two patients (63%) had returned to work, 81% full-time and 19% with a different job. Only 19% had to stop working secondarily for medical reasons. The criteria thought initially to influence the chances of resumption of professional activity were analysed: factors not influencing the return to work were: type of work before operation (judged by the physical activity involved and the statute of salaried or independent worker), the severity of surgery (number of grafts and associated resection of aneurysm), a subjective assessment of physical condition after surgery (91% or patients not returning to work admitted to feeling well); uncontrollable factors influencing the return to work were: age of patient (average 51,7 years for those returning to work, compared to 55,1 years for the others), previous history of myocardial infarction (2,5 times more common in those not returning to work); finally, controllable factors influencing return to work were: the duration of unemployment before surgery (3,3 months for those returning full-time, compared to 16,4 months for those not returning to work); the period between surgery and resumption of activity which averaged 5 months and should not exceed 6 months. Three factors seemed to be particularly important: apart from the shortest possible period of unemployment before surgery, early physical reeducation after surgery based on chest physiotherapy and readaptation to physical activity and a psychological preparation for the return to work which should be started even before surgery. PMID- 6786240 TI - [Value of continuous electrocardiographic recording using the Holter method in the diagnosis and surveillance of myocardial ischemia]. AB - A series of 80 patients underwent continuous electrocardiography by Holter monitoring (ECG-H) for 24 hours to detect myocardial ischaemia. Fifty five patients were not on anti anginal therapy. The results of ECG-H were compared with those of exercise electrocardiography (ECG-E) (33 cases) and coronary angiography (50 cases). The ECG-H was positive in 31 of 43 patients (72%) with clinical (5 patients) or angiographic (38 patients) signs of ischaemic heart disease. The ECG-H was negative in 11 out of 12 patients (92%) with normal coronary; angiography. The sensitivity and specificity of ECG-H (57% and 92%) were inferior to those of ECG-E (75% and 100%) in the 33 untreated patients undergoing all three investigations. Twenty five recordings were compared with the ECG-E to assess anti anginal therapy. In asymptomatic patients ECG-H showed pathological ST depression in 10 cases, the ECG-E being positive in 1 7 cases. Anginal chest pain was induced on ECG-E in 5 out of 7 cases with a positive ECG-E and negative ECG-H. The lower sensitivity of the ECG-H compared to the ECG-E is related to several factors: 1) the sensitivity of the ECG-E increases with the number of exploratory electrodes; 2) reduced levels of physical activity decrease the sensitivity; in false negative cases the heart rate on ECG-H was only 74 +/- 7% of that corresponding to the threshold of positivity of the ECG-E, compared to 97 +/- 16% of the threshold heart rate in true positives (p less than 0,001); 3) the sensitivity of the ECG-H and ECG-E depends on the severity and distribution of the coronary lesions; false negative results were commoner in single vessel disease (57%) than in double or triple vessel disease (24%) (p less than 0,01). Anginal pain during the test increased the sensitivity to 92%. The specificity of the ECG-H is partially dependent on the recognition of positional variations of the ST segment. These were observed in 10% of cases but were generally easy to distinguish by their beat-to-beat appearances. The satisfactory specificity of the ECG-H in this study is also related to the high incidence of coronary artery disease in the population under study (80%). The predictive value of a positive test (Bayes theorem) was 97%, but that of a negative test was only 41%. PMID- 6786241 TI - [Effect of the hypothalamus on membrane permeability to ionic calcium currents]. AB - The hypothalamus contains two distinct zones which affect the activity of myocardial and vascular muscle. The median ventricular nucleus stimulates the liberation of peripheral catecholamines and, by so stimulating the adrenoreceptors, opens up the slow calcium canals. The resulting stimulation of the myocardial and vascular muscle cells causes tachycardia, and an increase in myocardial contraction and in peripheral resistance. The paraventricular nucleus antagonises these effects by inhibiting peripheral catecholamine secretion so blocking or slowing the passage of Ca++ through the slow calcium canals. The study of effective, active concentration of D 600, a powerful calcium antagonist, shows that the paraventricular nucleus is not a direct calcium antagonist like D 600 whose effects are not potentiated, and confirms that it acts indirectly by inhibiting peripheral noradrenaline secretion. PMID- 6786242 TI - [Idiopathic aneurysm of the left ventricle. Apropos of 4 cases operated on with success]. AB - Over a period of 3 years, 4 cases of idiopathic left ventricular aneurysm, 3 white females and one coloured male aged 34, 53, 29 and 47 years respectively, were observed. All presented with paroxysmal ventricular or supraventricular tachycardia, which, in one case, was severe enough in itself to justify surgery. On angiography, large left ventricular aneurysms bordering the mitral annulus and responsible for moderate mitral regurgitation in two patients were demonstrated. Aneurysmectomy was only possible in 2 cases, the other two having pericardial adhesions with a risk of uncontrollable haemorrhage during dissection being managed by suture of the neck of the aneurysm. The surgical results were very satisfactory, especially with respect to the arrhythmias with a follow-up of 48, 24, 15 and 9 months respectively. In a review of the literature, 93 cases of idiopathic left ventricular aneurysm were analysed, less than 20 of which have been managed surgically. Left ventricular aneurysms seem to be large fibrotic structures located at the border of the mitral, or, less commonly, below the aortic annulus. It is important to differentiate them from congenital left ventricular diverticuli which are usually located at the apex, have muscular walls and are therefore contractile. The aetiology of these aneurysms is unknown: the possible role of myocardial infarction may be excluded as the coronary arteries are always normal on angiography and at autopsy. The relatively young age of the patients is also an argument against this hypothesis. Other suggested causes such as syphilis, tuberculosis, Chagas' disease, non-specific myocarditis, sarcoidosis and thoracic trauma may also be excluded. Surgery seems to be indicated in cases complicated by resistant arrhythmias, peripheral embolism or when the aneurysm increases rapidly in size. PMID- 6786244 TI - [Risks and rules in the use of anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 6786243 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of percutaneous trinitrin]. AB - The haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin (NG) ointment were studied in 13 patients, 6 with congestive cardiac failure. After two basal measurements 30 minutes apart, heart rate (HR), right atrial pressure (RAP), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP), mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) and cardiac index (CI) were measured every fifteen minutes for one hour, and every hour for five hours. Two patients were given one capsule, and nine patients two capsules of 10 mg NG, applied on separate 15 cm2 skin patches and covered with plastic dressings. There was a slight fall of 1,9% in HR from the 45th minute to the 5th hour. A large increase in HR was only observed in one patient who had low basal filling pressures. A moderate decrease in MAP was recorded (4,6%, p less than 0,05) The greatest changes were observed in RAP which decreased (p less than 0,05) from the 30th to the 60th minute with a maximum at the 45th minute (17,4%) and in PADP which fell from the 15th minute to the 5th hour (p less than 0,005) with a maximum at the 120th minute (21,9%). Local tolerance was good. The systolic blood pressure did not fall below 90 mm Hg in any patient. A case by case analysis showed falls of RAP and PADP of over 20% in 10 and 9 patients respectively. The decrease in PADP was not proportional to the basal value but patients with the highest initial values had the least changes. A 20% fall in PADP was observed in only one of four patients with PADP of over 25 mm Hg at rest. A greater dose of NG might have had a greater effect in these patients. There was no significant change in CI, probably due to the stability of peripheral arterial resistances during the study. The value of this preparation of NG lies in its long duration of action. A fall in PADP of over 15% was observed up to the 150th minute, and persisted to a lesser degree up to the 5th hour. This makes it very suitable for the treatment of nocturnal angina as conventional antianginal delayed release nitrate derivatives usually have a shorter duration of action. PMID- 6786245 TI - [Abnormal vascularisation of the right inferior pulmonary lobe by an aberrant coronary artery. Apropos of 2 uncommon cases]. AB - Pulmonary vascularisation by the coronary vessels does not seem to have been previously described. The authors report 2 cases of vascularisation of the righ lower lobe by an atrial branch of the right coronary or circumflex arteries. Several pathogenic hypotheses are discussed. No definite conclusions can be drawn despite postmortem examination in one case. Pulmonary sequestration would seem to be very probably although there are a few contradictory findings. Acquired inflammatory conditions alone or associated with the congenital malformation cannot be excluded. These anomalies pose difficult therapeutic problems for cardiologists as they are discovered during coronary angiography for angina. The question of a "pulmonary steal" syndrome aggravating the coronary insufficiency possibly requiring both a pulmonary and a cardiac operation may be raised. From the pulmonary point of view, other methods of investigating patients with pulmonary sequestration and haemoptysis of unknown origin could be indicated. PMID- 6786246 TI - [Calcification of the tricuspid annulus]. AB - Tricuspid annular calcification was observed on cardiac screening of a 50 year old woman with congenital valvular pulmonary stenosis and confirmed by angiography. At operation, the tricuspid annular calcification was palpable but there was no interference with valvular function. There was no associated disease process in this patient. Phosphate and calcium metabolism was normal. Tricuspid annular calcification is very rare: 7 other reported cases, aged 42 to 51 years old. All patients had right ventricular hypertension usually caused by pulmonary stenosis. Tricuspid valve function was normal in all cases. The pathogenesis is discussed: a premature degenerative process favored by right ventricular hypertension may be responsible. This would appear to be the first case to be published in France. PMID- 6786247 TI - Assimilatory nitrate uptake in Pseudomonas fluorescens studied using nitrogen-13. AB - The mechanism of nitrate uptake for assimilation in procaryotes is not known. We used the radioactive isotope, 13N as NO3-, to study this process in a prevalent soil bacterium, Pseudomonas fluorescens. Cultures grown on ammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate failed to take up labeled nitrate, indicating ammonium repressed synthesis of the assimilatory enzymes. Cultures grown on nitrite or under ammonium limitation had measurable nitrate reductase activity, indicating that the assimilatory enzymes need not be induced by nitrate. In cultures with an active nitrate reductase, the form of 13N internally was ammonium and amino acids; the amino acid labeling pattern indicated that 13NO3- was assimilated via glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase. Cultures grown on tungstate to inactivate the reductase concentrated NO3- at least sixfold. Chlorate had no effect on nitrate transport or assimilation, nor on reduction in cell-free extracts. Ammonium inhibited nitrate uptake in cells with and without active nitrate reductases, but had no effect on cell-free nitrate reduction, indicating the site of inhibition was nitrate transport into the cytoplasm. Nitrate assimilation in cells grown on nitrate and nitrate uptake into cells grown with tungstate on nitrite both followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics with similar Km values, 7 muM. Both azide and cyanide inhibited nitrate assimilation. Our findings suggest that Pseudomonas fluorescens can take up nitrate via active transport and that nitrate assimilation is both inhibited and repressed by ammonium. PMID- 6786248 TI - In vivo inactivation of soluble hydrogenase of Alcaligenes eutrophus. AB - The soluble, NAD+-reducing hydrogenase in intact cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus was inactivated by oxygen when electron donors such as hydrogen or pyruvate were available. The sole presence of either oxygen or oxidizable substrates did not lead to inactivation of the enzyme. Inactivation occurred similarly under autotrophic growth conditions with hydrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The inactivation followed first order reaction kinetics, and the half-life of the enzyme in cells exposed to a gas atmosphere of hydrogen and oxygen (8:2, v/v) at 30 degrees C was 1.5h. The process of inactivation did not require ATP-synthesis. There was no experimental evidence that the inactivation is a reversible process catalyzed by a regulatory protein. The possibility is discussed that the inactivation is due to superoxide radical anions (O2-) produced by the hydrogenase itself. PMID- 6786249 TI - [Diagnostic contribution of ultrasonography in choledochal cysts (author's transl)]. AB - With regard to observations of 6 children with choledochal cysts, the importance of the anatomic data obtained by ultrasonography is emphasized. In the most common types of cystic dilatation of the common bile duct, the precise details concerning the size and place of the extra-hepatic biliary abnormality make ultrasonography the best pre-operative investigation. PMID- 6786251 TI - Costs and benefits in patient care. PMID- 6786250 TI - [Klinefelter's syndrome associated with precocious puberty due to tumoral secretion of chorionic gonadotropins]. AB - A 8 and a half year-old boy presented with precocious puberty related to a malignant thoracic teratoma. He was also shown to have a Klinefelter syndrome. Precocious puberty related mainly to the liver, intracranial or thoracic tumors is rare. It seems to be exclusively observed in boys. The slight testicular enlargement is the main clinical sign. The contrast between high LH and low FSH levels is the most striking biological data. The diagnosis is proved by plasma HCG, beta-HCG and alpha-foetoprotein determination. Our patient is the third one with Klinefelter syndrome; this this association is certainly not fortuitous. PMID- 6786252 TI - Proposed rehabilitation research or demonstration projects: estimating target population size. AB - In connection with developing a benefit-cost approach to evaluating proposed rehabilitation research or demonstration projects, the need to estimate the numerical size of the associated target population is explained and a process is described for making such estimates. The process consists of 7 steps: (1) delineating project objectives, (2) specifying target group(s) in operational terms, (3) determining whether satisfactory target population prevalence estimates are available, (4) in the absence of such estimates, identifying a critical parent population and establishing its prevalence, (5) identifying an accessible population, (6) enumerating the number and proportion of target group members in the accessible population, (7) calculating the estimated target population by multiplying data yielded in steps (4) and (6), adjusting for inferred biases and indicating uncertainties of estimation. Consideration is given to the kinds of data bases upon which this estimation process depends, to the feasibility of providing such estimates, and to their probable accuracy. PMID- 6786253 TI - Night ventilation by body respirators for patients in chronic respiratory failure due to late stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - A program of respiratory muscle sparing in 9 patients with late stage Duchenne muscular dystrophy is presented. Results indicate that regular efficient night time support by body respirator provides a constant significant improvement in daytime gas exchange for periods averaging up to 2 years following the occurrence of moderately severe respiratory failure. Until now, the longest survival is more than 4 years at the age of 28. the average PaCO2 and PaO2 before night ventilation were 60.8mmHg and 59.3mmHg, respectively. The levels after the program was begun were 45.5 (PaCO2) and 74.6 (PaO2). These arterial blood gas levels are acceptable for good cardiopulmonary homeostasis. There have been no deaths or episodes of cardiac failure since the program began. The ease of integrating the program into the patient's lifestyle and home are important advantages. Cost of equipment is discussed. The view that these patients are terminal must be qualified. A case is also made for early aggressive conservative measures including body respirators, postural drainage, chest physiotherapy with abdominal assisted coughing, intratracheal suctioning and bronchoscopy to combat respiratory infection, and decreasing the need of tracheostomy and volume ventilators which can be so disabling to the chronic restrictive lung disease (CRLD) patient. Research and development into better design of body respirators is vitally needed. Acute care hospitals must prepare themselves for such patients who now attain more independent living and longer lifespan. For this reason there is a growing need for these facilities to acquire tank ventilators for handling such patients who may need hospitalization for acute medical complications. PMID- 6786254 TI - Heterotopic ossification in the hand of a patient with spinal cord injury. AB - Heterotopic ossification (HO), reported to occur in 20% to 40% of spinal cord injured patients, has been described in the hips, knees, shoulders and elbows, but not in the hands or around the phalangeal joints. This report is believed to be the first of HO of the hand after spinal cord injury. Nine weeks after injury, a diving accident, a 27-year-old man having C6 quadriplegia, motor complete, sensory incomplete, developed acute swelling and loss of range of motion in both hands. Serum alkaline phosphatase showed no significant rise. Bone scan demonstrated increased uptake in many joints of the left hand with x-rays remaining normal. Repeat films three weeks later demonstrated calcific densities adjacent to the midshaft of the proximal phalanx of the left finger. Twice daily range of motion of the hand resulted in improved range of motion. the etiology of HO in spinal cord injured patients remains unknown, and we have no explanation of its occurrence in the hands of this patient. PMID- 6786256 TI - [At II in liver diseases. Comparison between immunological determination and that with chromogenic substrate]. AB - Plasma antithrombin III activity determined as a heparinic cofactor, by means of chromogenic substrate (Cromozym TH) has been compared with protein concentration of AT III (radial immunodiffusion) in patients with a variety of liver conditions. Reference values for AT III were obtained from the plasma of 50 donors whose state of health was confirmed by simultaneous determination of 20 haematochemical parameters (SMAC-Technicon). The patients were classified according to clinical, laparobioptic and laboratory data and put through a series of clotting tests including PT, fibrinogen, FDP, Hepatoquick, Platelet count. In healthy donors, the activity and protein concentration of antithrombin III were interrelated, as they were even in cirrhotic patients (r = 0.77) both being markedly reduced; in chronic hepatitis, diminution with both methods was modest and correlation less apparent (r = 0.48). PMID- 6786257 TI - [Bacterial strains resistant to disinfectants]. PMID- 6786255 TI - [Experimental assessment of some pharmacodynamic features of ketoprofen lysine. Pain relief activity, antipyretic effects, anti-inflammatory activity, anti platelet aggregation activity and interference with the biosynthesis of prostaglandins]. AB - An experimental assessment was made of the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and platelet anticlumping activity of ketoprophene lysine, and its effect on body temperature and prostaglandin synthesis. The drug's pharmacodynamics was very similar to that of ketoprophene and its gastric tolerance was better. It was also well tolerated by the dog joint surfaces and cardiovascular apparatus when given i.m. or i.v., even at doses higher than those advised for man, or when infiltrated in ketoreceptor areas. PMID- 6786258 TI - Islet cell autotransplantation after pancreatectomy for chronic pancreatitis. Its limitations. AB - Of 12 patients operated on for intractable pain from chronic pancreatitis, only the three with adequate preoperative insulin reserve were selected to undergo islet-cell replantation after subtotal pancreatectomy. Fourteen, nine, and four months postoperatively, they require no therapy with insulin. Since most techniques for obtaining islet cells have been performed with normal pancreata, chronic pancreatitis was produced in ten dogs by ligating the main and accessory pancreatic ducts. These dogs 162.6 +/- 15.8 days later underwent total pancreatectomy. The scarred pancreatic fragments were dissociated with collagenase for 20 minutes in five dogs or subjected to two intermittent digestions of ten minutes in the other five dogs and were autotransplanted to the liver. One dog from each group became normoglycemic within one week of replantation, and their percent per minute decreases of serum glucose level were 2.72 and 3.46, respectively. Our experimental and clinical data suggest that (1) present techniques for dissociating fibrotic tissue are unsatisfactory and lead to a very low yield of islet cells; (2) postoperative assessment of islet-cell function involves complicated invasive procedures (portal and hepatic vein cannulation) to determine accurately the source of insulin; and (3) careful preoperative evaluation of beta-cell function is needed. PMID- 6786260 TI - Pediatric renal artery occlusive disease and renovascular hypertension. Etiology, diagnosis, and operative treatment. AB - Forty pediatric patients (16 girls and 24 boys) 22 months to 17 years old underwent operation for renovascular hypertension. Ostial stenoses were present in 20 children; midrenal lesions were present in eight; and isolated segmental disease was present in 12 patients and was combined with main renal artery stenoses in three patients. Neurofibromatosis affected ten patients, including three having abdominal aortic anomalies. Abdominal aortic coarctation affected five other children. Hypertensive urograms were abnormal only 27% of the time. Renin assays were helpful in identifying functionally important renal ischemia. Fifty-one primary surgical procedures were undertaken, including one simultaneous and nine staged operations for bilateral disease. There were two primary nephrectomies. Six patients underwent later secondary operations. Thirty-four patient (85%) were cured of hypertension, the conditions of five (12.5%) were improved, and one (2.5%) was classified a therapeutic failure. Carefully performed arterial reconstructive surgery will benefit most pediatric patients with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6786259 TI - Surgery, nutritional support, and survival in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - In 216 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing 406 major operations, surgery was elective in 143 cases (mortality, 1.4%) and nonelective in 263 (mortality, 11.1%). Of 82 patients who received 105 pretransplant operations to prevent posttransplant complications, eg, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, urinary tract sepsis, and azathioprine intolerance, surgical mortality was 1.9%, with 80 patients becoming active candidates for transplantation. Sepsis requiring surgical care occurred in 54 patients, in 36 of these in the posttransplant period. Parenteral and enteral hyperalimentation was used as a therapeutic adjunct in 40 of these patients. Overall mortality in those with septic complications was 35.2%, 22.5% in the nutritional support group and 71.4% in the group not receiving hyperalimentation. Improved survival rates can be achieved for surgical emergencies in ESRD, particularly in the posttransplant immunosuppressed patient, if both definitive surgical intervention and nutritional support are actively applied. PMID- 6786261 TI - Immediate jejunostomy feeding. Its use after major abdominal trauma. AB - Jejunostomy feedings were used in the immediate postoperative period in patients with massive abdominal and retroperitoneal injuries. Patients were selected for early feeding if they had two or more major visceral injuries. Over a six-month period, 30 such patients were studied: ten had blunt trauma, 11 had gunshot wounds, and nine had stab injuries. The injuries included 11 pancreatic, ten small-bowel, six colon, and six major retroperitoneal vascular injuries. A 16 gauge intracatheter was placed in the proximal jejunum. The constant infusion of nutritional solution (Vivonex HN) was begun 18 hours postoperatively, and within 72 hours all patients were receiving 2,400 calories per day. Feedings were maintained for an average of eight days. Serum albumin and transferrin levels, total lymphocyte count, and delayed hypersensitivity were maintained or improved during jejunal feeding. Patients with pancreatic injuries received supplemental nutrition without evidence of pancreatic stimulation. Needle-catheter jejunostomy can provide early, safe nutritional support after major abdominal trauma. Further investigation is needed to determine who will benefit from this early feeding. PMID- 6786262 TI - Needle-catheter jejunostomy. PMID- 6786263 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on the in vivo protein synthesis in rats. AB - The studies were made in order to estimate the rate of tissue protein synthesis in euthyroid, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats (110 g body weight). Hyperthyroidism was simulated by daily oral application of 4,44 micrograms thyroxine (T4) and 0,89 micrograms triiodothyronine (T3)/100 g body weight. Hypothyroidism was induced by oral application of 17,8 mg of methylthiouracil (MTU) per day and 100 g body weight. In both cases the treatment lasted for 7 days. The concentration of both hormones in blood serum was twice that of the control group in the T3 + T4 treated group. The MTU application produced a decrease in T3 and T4 concentration to levels below the lower detection limits of the methods used. The fractional rate of tissue protein synthesis was estimated using the constant intravenous infusion technique with L-14C-leucine and L-14C lysine simultaneously. The range of the fractional rate of protein synthesis was found to be higher in hyperthyroid than in control animals in all organs under study (liver, small intestine, large intestine, gastrocnemius muscle and pancreas). Protein synthesis was stimulated to the greatest extent in muscle (4,5 -5,1% . d-1 in controls vs, 5,5--6,7% . d-1 in hyperthyroid animals). The influence of hypothyroidism on the rate of protein synthesis was uncertain. PMID- 6786264 TI - [Activity of disaccharidases in growing sheep. 3. Fattening lambs 5 to 18 weeks of age]. AB - Lambs at an age between 4 and 18 weeks were kept on perforated floor and received pelleted fattening feed for lambs as sole feed ad libitum. After the maltase activity in the duodenal mucosa resp. the contents of the duodenum at an age of 5 weeks was low, it amounted to 6.98 resp. 5.31 units per 0.1 g fresh weight at the end of the eighth week and in the duodenal mucosa it remained on this level to the age of 18 weeks. In the contents of the duodenum it decreased to 3.25 units in this period. The lactase activity in the duodenal mucosa resp. the contents of the duodenum decreased continuously from 30.5 resp. 25.7 to 13.6 resp. 14.8 units in the period investigated. The maltase activity in the pancreas remained constant in the period investigated (4 units per 0.1 g fresh weight). Saccharase activity could not be detected in both duodenal mucosa and contents of the duodenum. PMID- 6786265 TI - Mutagenicity testing with Drosophila. PMID- 6786266 TI - Acute lead poisoning of the pigeon induced by single, intraperitoneal administration of lead acetate. AB - A single dose of lead acetate (either 30 mg/kg or 150 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered to adult feral pigeons, Columba livia var and the effects of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (CaNa2EDTA), (0, 150, 300, 600 mg/kg), administered i.p. twice a week in the ensuing period were observed. Lead acetate caused dose related mortality and decreases in weight, hematocrit and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity (ALA-D). Acute toxicity of lead acetate in the pigeon, when given intraperitoneally, appeared approximately equivalent to that in the rat and mouse in terms of LD50. Blood lead (blood Pb) levels observed during the lethal stage were five to ten times less than those reported for chronic oral lead poisoning in the pigeon. Biological implications of elevated levels of blood Pb observed in the feral pigeon in the urban Tokyo area are discussed. CaNa2EDTA induced dose related recovery in ALA-D in 30 mg/kg group, and reduction of blood Pb levels in the group dosed with 150 mg/kg of lead acetate. PMID- 6786267 TI - Tongue thrust: a problem of now. PMID- 6786268 TI - [Celiac disease (celiac sprue, gluten-sensitive enteropathy)]. AB - In spite of the remarkable progress made in the last years, the perspectives in coeliac disease is still an enigma that has maintained this clinical entity a subject open to investigation. However, particular attention is deserved to the recent contributions related to the role of the histocompatibility antigens (HLA system), which is basically controlled by inherited transmission but can behave, in certain cases as gluten-sensitive "receptors" at the level of brush-border membrane. The coupling of these receptors with antigenic fractions of gluten in a sensitive person should be a starting point for a sequence of immunological events, with its several intestinal and general implications. PMID- 6786269 TI - Cyclical migraine. AB - We have observed 27 migraineurs whose headaches occurred in groups separated by headache-free periods. Twenty-one of the patients were women. The headaches occurred on either side in most patients. The headaches were severe lasting for an average of 25.5 hours, often preceded by scintillating scotomas, and often associated with nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. The attacks occurred in cycles that lasted an average of six weeks. The cycles recurred an average of five times per year; during the cycles, severe migraine occurred several times per week. In many patients, the cycles were often accompanied by a constant, low-grade headaches and depression. Twenty-two patients were treated with lithium carbonate. Complete or partial control of the headaches was achieved in 19 patients. PMID- 6786270 TI - The influence of fluoride on the uptake of radiosulphate by rat incisor odontoblasts in vitro. PMID- 6786271 TI - Isolation of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides strains associated with clinical failures with penicillin treatment of human orofacial infections. PMID- 6786272 TI - Nosematosis of the cornea. Case report, including electron microscopic studies. AB - A 26-year-old woman underwent enucleation of a blind, painful eye because of a perforated corneal ulcer. Histopathologic examination of the eye disclosed an acute, necrotizing keratitis surrounding myriad small (2.5 to 3 x 4.5 to 5 micrometer), oval, faintly visible structures. Under polarized light, they were partially birefringent and stained intensely positive with the acid-fast technique. The organisms were located mainly within the cytoplasm of histiocytes in the deep corneal lamellae. They were interpreted as a protozoa of the genus Nosema. The diagnosis was confirmed by electron microscopic studies. The distinguishing features between Nosema species and Encephalitozoon are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the second documented case of corneal nosematosis. PMID- 6786273 TI - Fluoridation II: an interim economic analysis. PMID- 6786274 TI - The rehabilitation and long-term management of the adult patient with head injury. PMID- 6786275 TI - Reversal of diabetes by allogenic islet transplantation without immunosuppression. AB - Streptozotocin-induced diabetes is temporarily reversed following the allo transplantation of BALB/c (H-2d) islet tissue to normal CBA (H-2k) recipients, but by 2-4 week post-transplantation these animals return to their initial diabetic condition. Organ culture of allogeneic islet tissue in 95% O2 and 5% CO2 for 7 days prior to transplantation reduces the immunogenicity of the tissue, and cultured allografts give prolonged (greater than 110 days) reversal of diabetes in normal allogeneic recipients. The non-fasting blood sugar level remains in or very close to the normal range, urine glucose output is one to two orders of magnitude less than that of diabetic control animals and allografted animals regain their pre-morbid body weight within 60 days of transplantation. Surgical removal of the allograft results in a rapid return of the animal to the initial diabetic condition. PMID- 6786276 TI - Pyridine nucleotide involvement in rat hepatic drug metabolism: pyridine nucleotide kinetics of aniline parahydroxylation. AB - Apparent kinetic constant (NADPH) have been calculated for NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and parahydroxylase in the presence of aniline with hepatic microsomes from both phenobarbital pre-treated and untreated rats. The addition of NADH gave similar stimulation of both aniline parahydroxylation and NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity in the presence of aniline. It is proposed that the increase in aniline metabolism with NADH is due to an increase in the NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity which is rate limiting in microsomes from both phenobarbital and untreated rats. PMID- 6786277 TI - Bilateral incomplete ureteric duplication with a ureteric diverticulum. PMID- 6786278 TI - Cancer of the cervix (stages 1B, 2A and 2B): treatment and results. AB - Combined methods of treatment of carcinoma of the cervix Stage 1B and 2(A and B) are described using irradiation and surgery. In a personally conducted series of 101 patients, a 5-year survival rate of 86% for Stage 1 and 65.4% for Stage 2 was achieved. The urinary tract morbidity associated with combined methods of treatment and the modifications adopted to prevent it are described. It is concluded that the preferred method of treatment of carcinoma of the cervix Stages 1B, 2A and 2B is irradiation (intracavitary + external megavoltage irradiation) followed by modified radical hysterectomy. PMID- 6786280 TI - Inhibition of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase by swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid isolated from Swainsona canescens. AB - An indolizidine alkaloid (swainsonine) was isolated from the plant Swainsona canescens. Swainsonine is a specific and potent inhibitor of alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) and when administered to animals produces a phenocopy of the genetically based lysosomal storage disease, mannosidosis. Evidence is presented to suggest that swainsonine is a reversible active site-directed inhibitor of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. PMID- 6786279 TI - Modification of mouse testicular lactate dehydrogenase by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - 1. Mouse C4 lactate dehydrogenase treated in the dark with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate at pH8.7 and 25 degrees C loses activity gradually; 1mM-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate causes 83% inactivation, and higher concentrations of the reagent cause no further loss of activity. 2. The final extent of inactivation is very pH dependent, greater inactivation occurring at the high pH values. 3. Inactivation may be fully reversed by addition of cysteine, or made permanent by reducing the enzyme with NaBH4. 4. The absorption spectrum of inactivated reduced enzyme indicates modification of lysine residues. Inactivation by 80% corresponds to modification of at least 1.8 mol of lysine/mol of enzyme subunit. 5. There is no loss of free thiol groups after inactivation with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and reduction of the enzyme. 6. NAD+ or NADH gives complete protection against inactivation. protection studies with coenzyme fragments indicate that the AMP moiety is largely responsible for the protective effect. Lactate (10 mM) gives no protection in the absence of added nucleotides, but greatly enhances the protection given by ADP-ribose (1 mM). Thus ADP-ribose is able to trigger the binding of lactate. 7. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate also acts as a non-covalent inhibitor of mouse C4 lactate dehydrogenase. The inhibition is non-competitive with respect to both NAD+ and lactate. 8. Km values for the enzyme at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C, with the non-varied substrate saturating, are 0.3 mM-lactate and 5 microM-NAD+. 9. These results are discussed and compared with pyridoxal 5' phosphate modification of other lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes and related dehydrogenases. PMID- 6786281 TI - Measurement of the synthesis rates of collagens and total protein in rabbit muscle. AB - 1. Collagen- and total-protein-synthesis rates were determined in rabbit muscle by continuous infusion of radioactive proline. 2. The precursor pool of free proline used for collagen synthesis was defined by measuring the specific radioactivity of hydroxy-proline in isolated type I procollagen. The specific radioactivities of type I procollagen were about 40% of those for free proline in the homogenate. 3. The mean ratio (+/- S.E.M.) between the fractional synthesis rates of muscle collagen and total protein was 0.99 +/- 0.10, where the total protein values were based on specific radioactivities of the homogenate free proline pools. 4. Types I, III and V collagen were solubilized by pepsin and isolated by fractional precipitation with NaCl. The fractional synthesis rates of types I and III collagens were very similar. Type V collagen samples had higher specific radioactivities than the other collagens, but this was not necessarily indicative of a higher rate of synthesis because of uncertainty about the cellular origin of this collagen and, hence, the specific radioactivity of its precursor proline pool. PMID- 6786282 TI - Interrelationship of glycogen metabolism and lactose synthesis in mammary epithelial cells of mice. AB - Glycogen metabolism in mammary epithelial cells was investigated (i) by studying the conversion of glucose into glycogen and other cellular products in these cells from virgin, pregnant and lactating mice and (ii) by assaying the enzymes directly involved with glycogen metabolism. We find that: (1) mammary epithelial cells synthesized glycogen at rates up to over 60% that of the whole gland; (2) the rate of this synthesis was modulated greatly during the reproductive cycle, reaching a peak in late pregnancy and decreasing rapidly at parturition, when abundant synthesis of lactose was initiated; (3) glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities reflected this modulation in glycogen metabolism; (4) lactose synthesis reached a plateau during late pregnancy, even though lactose synthase is reported to increase in the mouse mammary gland at this time. We propose that glycogen synthesis restricts lactose synthesis during late pregnancy by competing successfully for the shared UDP-glucose pool. The physiological advantage of glycogen accumulation during late pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 6786283 TI - A rapid and convenient technique for measuring the rate of protein synthesis in tissues by injection of [3H]phenylalanine. AB - A rapid procedure for measuring the specific radioactivity of phenylalanine in tissues was developed. This facilitates the accurate determination of rates of protein synthesis in a wide range of tissues by injection of 150 mumol of L-[4 (3)H]phenylalanine/100 g body wt. The large dose of amino acid results in a rapid rise in specific radioactivity of free phenylalanine in tissues to values close to that in plasma, followed by a slow but linear fall. This enables the rate of protein synthesis to be calculated from measurements of the specific radioactivity of free and protein-bound phenylalanine in tissues during a 10 min period after injection of radioisotope. PMID- 6786284 TI - Lipid peroxidation and the reduction of ADP-Fe3+ chelate by NADH-ubiquinone reductase preparation from bovine heart mitochondria. AB - The NADH-ubiquinone reductase preparation (Complex I) of bovine hart mitochondria catalysed in the presence of reduced coenzymes and ADP-Fe3+ the lipid peroxidation of liposomes prepared from mitochondrial lipids. The apparent Km values for the coenzymes and the optimal pH of the reactions agreed well with those of the lipid peroxidation of the submitochondrial particles treated with rotenone. On assay of the reduction of ADP-Fe3+ chelate by the reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of superoxide dismutase and antimycin A or by the oxidation of reduced coenzymes, the reactions were not affected by rotenone but were inhibited by thiol-group inhibitors. The properties of the ADP-Fe3+ reductase activity were highly consistent with those of the lipid-peroxidation reaction. These observations suggest that electrons from reduced coenzymes are transferred to ADP-Fe3+ chelate from a component between a mercurial-sensitive site and the rotenone-sensitive one of the NADH dehydrogenase and that the reduction of ADP-Fe3+ chelate by the NADH dehydrogenase is an essential step in the lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6786286 TI - In vitro incorporation of (35S)-methionine in mitochondrial proteins of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6786287 TI - Studies on the elongation factor Tu from Streptomyces aureofaciens producing tetracycline. PMID- 6786288 TI - Stimulation of poly(dT) transcription by Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase in the presence of adenosine monophosphate. PMID- 6786285 TI - Intracellular putrescine and spermidine deprivation induces increased uptake of the natural polyamines and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). AB - Inhibition of polyamine synthesis by alpha-difluoromethylornithine in cultured Ehrlich ascites-carcinoma cells rapidly enhanced the uptake of exogenous putrescine, spermidine and spermine from the culture medium. In tumour cells exposed to the drug for 2 days, the intracellular concentration of spermidine was decreased to less than 10% of that found in untreated cells. However, the strikingly stimulated transport system brought the concentration of spermidine to the control values in less than 2h after supplementation of the cells with micromolar concentrations of the polyamine. In the absence of polyamine deprivation, tumour cells did not accumulate extracellular polyamines to any appreciable extent. Ascites-tumour cells deprived of putrescine and spermidine likewise concentrated methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) [1,1' [methylethanedylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine] at a greatly enhanced rate. A previous "priming of tumour cells with difluoromethylornithine followed by an exposure of the cells to methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) resulted in a marked and rapid anti-proliferative effect. PMID- 6786289 TI - Induction of DNA polymerase in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6786290 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and a homologous peptide in the reproductive system of the female rat and pig. PMID- 6786291 TI - Inhibition of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase by cyclophosphamide and its metabolites. PMID- 6786292 TI - Intermediate filaments: analysis of filamentous aggregates induced by griseofulvin, an antitubulin agent. PMID- 6786293 TI - Human plasma high density apolipoprotein A-I: effect of protein-protein interactions on the spontaneous formation of a lipid-protein recombinant. PMID- 6786295 TI - Biosynthesis of glycerol teichoic acid in Bacillus cereus: formation of linkage unit disaccharide on a lipid intermediate. PMID- 6786294 TI - New approach to heterogeneous enzyme immunoassays using tagged enzyme-ligand conjugates. PMID- 6786296 TI - Marked differences in the inductive effects of two symmetrical hexachlorobiphenyls and the corresponding unsymmetrical isomer on hepatic monooxygenases. PMID- 6786297 TI - Effect of iron-chelating agents on inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 6786298 TI - Reciprocal relationship of synovial fluid volume and oxygen tension. AB - To investigate the impact of synovial fluid volume on oxygen tension (PO2) and other metabolic correlates, 24 specimens of synovial fluid from the knees of 22 patients were analyzed for volume, number of leukocytes (WBC), pH, PO2, PCO2, glucose, protein, and complement (CH50) levels. Concurrent arterial blood samples were obtained in 21 instances. Synovial fluid PO2 values varied inversely with volumes of synovial fluid (r = -0.54, P less than 0.01), but when patients with rheumatoid arthritis were excluded, the correlation was more significant (r = 0.76, P less than 0.001). When synovial fluid PO2 dropped below 45 mm Hg, intraarticular acidosis resulted. The decrease in pH (r = 0.93, P less than 0.001), the lowering of glucose values (r = 0.89, P less than 0.001), and the rise in PCO2 (r = -0.79, P less than 0.01) can be explained by a shift toward anaerobic metabolism coupled with the impaired elimination of its products. Systemic acidosis and hypoxia were not found. Intraarticular hypoxia most likely represents circulatory imbalance at the level of the synovial membrane, although an inverse relationship of synovial fluid PO2 and WBC was also noted. Complement and protein levels had no correlation with volume, pH, or respiratory gas tensions of synovial fluids. Our data support the importance of the effective blood flow to the joint in maintaining homeostasis. The volume of synovial effusion and the compliance of the joint capsule appear to be important determinants of the articular blood supply. PMID- 6786299 TI - Effects of total sleep deprivation on plasma LH, FSH and PRL and estrous cycles in female rats. PMID- 6786300 TI - Effects of total sleep deprivation on serum LH, FSH and PRL in male rats with reference to age and strain differences. PMID- 6786301 TI - Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Italy. AB - Recent data from different research groups on the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Italy were reviewed. Type A viral hepatitis shows the widest spreading in Southern Italy, where high prevalences of anti-HAV have been recorded among children. Type B viral hepatitis is endemic in Italy, as born out by high prevalences of HBsAg healthy carriers, of anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc positive subjects and of acute and chronic type B hepatitis. Non A/non V viral hepatitis represents about 50% of posttransfusion hepatitis and about 20% of adult sporadic cases. PMID- 6786302 TI - Microbiological properties of Streptococcus faecium SF 68 strain and its relationships with other microorganisms. PMID- 6786303 TI - [Role of the vagus nerve in reflex tachycardia evoked by arterial hypotension in the non-anesthetized dog]. AB - The intravenous rapid-injection of nitroglycerin in the resting conscious dog induced arterial hypotension followed by reflex tachycardia. The experiments were performed before and after cold vagal blockade. When vagus nerve was blocked hypotension was more pronounced than in control conditions, but the rise of heart rate was lower and occurred later. This result suggests that, in the conscious dog, hypotension induced reflex tachycardia is due to a decrease in vagal tone, as well as to an increase in sympathetic activity. It is conceivable that the decrease in vagal tone occurs earlier than the sympathetic activity increase. Therefore the short latency reflex inhibition of vagal tone, through early positive inotropic effects, probably plays a relevant role in buffering rapid decreases in arterial pressure. PMID- 6786304 TI - [Behavior of plasma gastrin in obese subjects subjected to biliopancreatic bypass]. AB - Biliopancreatic bypass for obesity entails a 2/3 distal gastrectomy with Roux-en Y reconstruction, small bowel being transected at its midpoint and the enteroenterostomy placed 50 cm proximal to the ileocecal valve. Plasma fasting and meal-stimulated gastrin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in 13 nonobese healthy volunteers, 13 pre-surgery obese patients, 11 patients within two months, 12 patients between four and twelve months and 7 patients between fifteen and twenty months after operation. There were no significant differences in fasting and meal-stimulated peak plasma gastrin levels between obese group and the control group and between any of the postoperative groups and the preoperative group. The 15-20 month post-surgery group mean fasting value was lower than in the other groups, whilst the mean peak value was unchanged. Integrated gastrin response was significantly higher in this group than in the preoperative group. PMID- 6786305 TI - [DNA damage after treatment in-vivo with several aromatic amines: 2,4 diaminotoluene, 4-aminobenzene (aniline) and paradimethylaminoazobenzene (butter yellow)]. AB - Three aromatic amines, 2,4 diaminotoluene, aminobenzene and paradimethylaminoazobenzene were examined for their capability of damaging rat liver DNA. Compounds were tested by the "in vivo"/DNA alcaline elution assay. 2,4 diaminotoluene was very positive, aminobenzene weakly positive, paradimethylaminoazobenzene probably negative. All the compounds were tested at doses already clearly toxic. PMID- 6786306 TI - [Induction of lactation in cattle after short-term hormonal treatment]. AB - In wintertime 7 nonpregnant cows (3 nonlactating and 4 milk secreting less than 3 liter/day) and 3 heifers were treated:day 1 cloprostenol (530 microgram); day 2 progesterone capronate (0,25/Kg); days 3 to 5 progesterone (0,25 mg/Kg)+ estradiol valerianate (0,01 mg/Kg) and reserpine (0,01 mg/Kg); days 6 to 8 progesterone (0,25 mg/Kg) + estradiol (0,2 mg/Kg) and reserpine (0,01 mg/Kg); day 9 betametasone acetate (0,2 mg/Kg) and phosphate (0,55 mg/Kg); days 9 to 16 estradiol (0,0075 mg/Kg). 9 days later the treatment started again. In all the period (5/12-25/2) the animals where machine milked. 2 lactating nonpregnant cows where kept as control. The milk secretion started in nonlactating animals but the peak daily milk yield was 3 liter about only. In lactating animals the yield no increased. The second treatment (and the first in lactating cows) induced secreting less milk with more fat and protein. The low milk yields was associated to a season's negative effect. PMID- 6786307 TI - [Meningococcus carriers in the population of L'Aquila: distribution according to blood group, drug resistance and prophylaxis]. AB - During 1979 21 stocks of N.meningitidis were isolated from 1024 subjects living in the district of L'Aquila. These 21 stocks belong to the following groups of sera: 13 stocks belong to group B,6 to group Y and 2 to group Z. 85,71% of the stocks showed resistance to Sulfodiazine, 80,95% to Rifampicine, 9,52% to Tetracycline and to Minocycline. PMID- 6786308 TI - Induction in rats of liver DNA single-strand breaks by the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254. PMID- 6786309 TI - [Viscosimetric evaluation of DNA fragmentation induced in vivo by alkylating agents]. AB - A sensitive viscosimetric approach for measuring DNA single-strand breaks induced by low doses of alkylating agents is presented. The assay is based on the breaks induced increasing rate of strand separation of rat liver DNA in alkaline solution (pH 12,5; 22 C). Because of the strong dependence of viscosity on DNA unwinding, measurement of time-course of viscosity increase can be used to detect small breakage of DNA. The kinetics of DNA denaturation has been also studied under two different alkaline conditions. PMID- 6786310 TI - [Cranial computed tomography of the neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The computed tomography (CT) was performed in 10 cases of neurofibromatosis. The CT scan showed the abnormal findings in 8 cases out of 10. Skull lesions were noted in 3 cases and intracranial tumors were found in 5 among which multiple neoplasms were seen in 3. Although reported cases were not large enough in number, the incidence and variety of the tumors were similar to others reported before CT era. PMID- 6786311 TI - [Effect of hydrogenated ergot alkaloids on cerebral metabolism of the patients with neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism were measured in 9 patients with neurological deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage using the 133Xe intra carotid injection methods. Regional cerebral blood flow (r-CBF) values were calculated with initial slope method (2 minutes flow index), their values were compared with the blood flow response to arterial PCO2 and to administration of hydrogenated ergot alkaloids (HEA). In case of repeated examination after short interval CBF values were corrected using the rate of reproducibility. The content of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate in the arterial and the internal jugular blood were measured , and CMRO2, CMR glucose, CMR lactate, values were calculated: 1st step: The measurement of r-CBF was performed immediately after the infusion of 1.5 mg HEA for 15 minutes. The focal ischemic lesions decreased, mean CBF value increased by 8% significantly, arterio-venous difference of oxygen value increased by 20% significantly and CMRO2 value increased by 26% significantly after HEA administration. 2nd step: 1.8 mg HEA was infused for one week. EEG findings were improved after administration of HEA. The pressure and the lactate levels of cerebrospinal fluid decreased, but the effect of HEA must be carefully distinguished from natural recovery. Administration of HEA increased the CMRO2 values and consequently increased the mean CBF values. PMID- 6786312 TI - Possible effect of Intal on gingival tissues. PMID- 6786313 TI - Factors affecting carbon dioxide homeostasis during controlled ventilation with circle systems. AB - An experimental lung model was used, with controlled ventilation, to determine the effect of different circle arrangements and varying ventilatory frequencies on the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal from a circle system without carbon dioxide absorption. Greater efficiency was found when fresh gas entered the system between the unidirectional inspiratory valve and the subject that when the fresh gas inlet was on the ventilator side of this valve. At any fresh gas flow and minute volume, efficiency was greater at low respiratory frequencies. Good correlations existed between carbon dioxide concentration in the model lung, fresh gas flow and minute ventilation when respiratory frequency was constant. Paradoxical results were obtained when minute volume was varied by changes in frequency at a constant tidal volume. The major cause of the various differences in performance has been ascribed to variations in the degree of mixing of fresh and expired gas within the system. PMID- 6786314 TI - Comparison of bupivacaine hydrochloride and carbonated bupivacaine in brachial plexus blood by the interscalene technique. PMID- 6786315 TI - Free-flow electrophoresis of an ascites mast-cell tumour. PMID- 6786316 TI - Tumour immunoprophylaxis in mice using glutaraldehyde-treated syngeneic myeloma cells. PMID- 6786317 TI - A novel protein of rat neutrophils (NDP): its use in estimating the neutrophil content of solid tissues. AB - A protein has been isolated from rat neutrophils which does not appear to be present in other rat cells. This protein, which we have called neutrophil-derived protein or NDP, is confined to the cytosol of the cell and we estimate that it constitutes at least 6% of the total protein of the neutrophil. The native molecule is a cationic protein (pI approximately 9) of mol. wt 34-36,000 daltons that on SDS-PAGE yields two subunits of 10,000 and 13,000 daltons. The NDP does not bind lectins, is protease-resistant and strongly antigenic in the rabbit. Its behaviour on electrophoresis in agar and agarose show unusual features which may be relevant to other cationic proteins. NDP does not appear to correspond to any of the hitherto characterized neutrophil proteins and the only activity so far detected is a reaction of the protein with rat plasma (but not serum). Using simple immunological methods we have determined the concentration of NDP in various tissues of the rat to obtain an estimate of their neutrophil content. In addition, the NDP content in various body fluids has been determined. A similar protein to the rat NDP has been detected in the mouse. PMID- 6786318 TI - Inhibition of lipase production in Propionibacterium acnes by sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and erythromycin. PMID- 6786319 TI - Demethylchlortetracycline and griseofulvin as examples of specific treatment for mycosis fungoides. AB - Long-term control of mycosis fungoides in the tumour stage was achieved in one patient by daily demethylchlortetracycline therapy. On two occasions widespread nodules and tumours completely involuted within 1 month of initiating this therapy. A second patient showed complete resolution of his plaque stage mycosis fungoides after the institution of oral griseofulvin therapy for a chronic fungus infection. The disease reappeared upon stopping the griseofulvin and involuted upon its resumption. The observations are interpreted as evidence that reduction or eradication of a persistent bacterial or fungal antigen may have a remarkable ameliorative effect in selected mycosis fungoides patients. PMID- 6786320 TI - Biochemical characterization of tyrosinase inhibitors using tyrosinase binding affinity chromatography. AB - Purification of tyrosinase inhibitors of hamster melanomas was carried out using tyrosinase binding affinity column chromatography. This method enables the isolation of tyrosinase inhibitors with a 124-fold purification index as compared to that of crude preparation after dialysation. The purified inhibitors consist of a mixture of 5000-6000 and a 310 molecular weight fraction. They also show characteristics of polypeptides which contain glycine, glutamic acid, serine, proline and alanine as main amino acids. PMID- 6786321 TI - Binding of colloidal gold granules, coated with bovine factor VIII, to human platelet membranes. AB - Platelet aggregating factor (PAF) activity is preferentially associated with the larger molecular forms of bovine factor VIII and diminishes considerably after dissociation into smaller oligomers by mild disulphide reduction. PAF activity was regained by the binding of small factor VIII oligomers to colloidal gold granules with a mean diameter of 23 nm. In contrast, adsorption of large factor VIII polymers onto gold particles resulted in partial loss of PAF activity. Thus, an optimum multimeric size of bovine factor VIII appears to be required for the maximal expression of PAF activity. Gold granules, coated with reduced factor VIII, can be used as an electron-dense label. Their interaction with surface receptors for bovine factor VIII on either viable or formalin-fixed human platelets was demonstrated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6786322 TI - Calculating the dose of factor VIII in the management of haemophilia. AB - Three methods of calculating the dose of factor VIII have been compared. A simple formula based on body weight has been found satisfactory for cryoprecipitate and freeze-dried concentrate; but where body fluid build departs markedly from average, height should probably also be taken into account. Modifications for children are noted. PMID- 6786323 TI - Increased postovulatory plasma follicle stimulating hormone levels in the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: a role for inhibin? AB - In women who ovulated, the midcycle plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations returned to basal concentrations within two days following the peak, whereas in women with a luteinized unruptured follicle, plasma FSH concentrations declined more slowly over a 4-5 day period. Since the peri- and postovulatory concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone, prolactin, oestradiol 17 beta and progesterone were not significantly different between the two groups, we suggest that following the rupture of the Graafian follicle some substance in follicular fluid is resorbed from the peritoneal cavity which suppresses FSH secretion. Inhibin has biological properties which suggest it could be the substance involved. PMID- 6786324 TI - Ocular abnormalities in the amniogenic band syndrome. AB - Craniofacial and limb abnormalities are characteristic of amniogenic band syndrome. We present the ocular findings of a patient with this syndrome and compare these abnormalities with those in 20 previously reported cases. PMID- 6786325 TI - Proteinase inhibitors and other biochemical criteria in infants and primary schoolchildren from urban and rural environments. AB - 1. Preschool children and schoolchildren from a rural area in the northeast of Thailand were compared with children from urban areas for prealbumin, albumin, transferrin, alpha 1 B-glucoprotein, the acute-phase reactants alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, haptoglobin and the proteinase inhibitors alpha 1-protease inhibitor (A1PI) as well as alpha 2-microglobulin (alpha 2M). Urinary urea nitrogen:creatinine (U-C) as well as haemoglobin were also determined. Village preschool children were grouped according to their SD score for weight-for-height based on the (US) National Center for Health Statistics (1976) standard into a normal group with SD scores of greater than or equal to - 1.99 and an undernourished group with SD scores of less than or equal to --2.00. 2. There was no significant difference between the normal and the undernourished groups of preschool children for any of the factors measured. 3. Haemoglobin and prealbumin concentrations of preschool children were lower in the rural children than in the urban preschool children from Bangkok. 4. In rural schoolchildren haemoglobin was lower but albumin, transferrin, alpha 1B-glycoprotein and haptoglobin were higher than in urban schoolchildren from the provincial town of Khon Kaen. 5. Serum concentrations of the proteinase inhibitors A1PI and alpha 2M were significantly higher in the rural children than in the urban children. 6. U C values were lower in rural schoolchildren compared with urban schoolchildren. PMID- 6786326 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as probes of acetylcholine receptor structure. 1. Peptide mapping. AB - The isolated subunits of the acetylocholine receptor from Torpedo californica were digested with proteolytic enzymes, and the resulting polypeptide fragments were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. We have identified those fragments which contain carbohydrate and those from the alpha subunit which are labelled with the acetylcholine binding site specific reagent [4-(N maleimido)benzyl]tri[3H]methylammonium iodide. We have tested several monoclonal antibodies raised to the acetylcholine receptor from torpedo, some of which react with the denatured subunits [Tzartos, S.J., & Lindstrom, J.M. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.77, 755; Tzartos, S.J., & Lindstrom, J.M. (1981) in Monoclonal antibodies in Endocrine Research (Fellows, R., & Eisenbarth, G., Eds.) Raven Press (in press)]. The binding specificities of these antibodies to radioiodinated proteolytically generated fragments of the alpha subunit were determined by immunoprecipitation followed by gel electrophoresis. The antibodies tested fell into at least three main groups on the basis of their binding specificities. These antibodies were also tested for their capacity to bind to acetylcholine receptor solubilized in Triton X-100, sodium cholate, or sodium cholate supplemented with exogenous lipids. A monoclonal antibody raised to the denatured delta subunit, was tested for its ability to select radioiodinated proteolytic fragments of these subunits. These molecules provide probes for many sites on the acetylcholine receptor with affinities and specificities comparable to alpha-neurotoxins. PMID- 6786327 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as probes of acetylcholine receptor structure. 2. Binding to native receptor. AB - Binding of monoclonal antibodies top Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor monomers solubilized in Triton X-100 was studied by centrifugation on sucrose gradients. Antibodies to alpha subunits were of two types. One type formed complexes of one antibody and one receptor monomer, independent of antibody/receptor ratio. We conclude that the binding sites for these antibodies are oriented on the two alpha subunits per monomer in such a way that each could be bound by one of the two binding sites of a single immunoglobulin molecule. Most antibodies were of this type. The other type of monoclonal antibody formed complexes of several sizes, including antibody cross-linked receptors, depending on the ratio of antibody to receptor. We conclude that the binding sites for these antibodies are oriented in such a way that the two alpha subunits per monomer could not be cross-linked by a single antibody molecule. A monoclonal antibody of this type raised against Electrophorus electricus receptors was used to show that this receptor also has two alpha subunits per monomer. This antibody cross-reacted with receptor from fetal calf muscle and was able to induce modulation of receptor in muscle cells in culture. This suggests that muscle receptor also has two alpha subunits and that the antibody can cross-link receptor in the plane of the membrane, as it does in solution, and thereby form complexes which enhance endocytosis and increase the rate of receptor destruction. The rate of antigenic modulation decreases at high antibody/receptor ratios, as expected if un-cross-linked complexes of two antibodies and one receptor were not destroyed at a faster rate. Antibodies which cross-link alpha subunits within a receptor monomer are frequent but would not be expected to be able to induce antigenic modulation. This provides one mechanism by which antisera of equivalent antireceptor titer might differ in their ability to induce antigenic modulation. An antibody which binds to denatured delta and gamma subunits forms complexes of only one antibody and one receptor monomer, independent of antibody ratio, as do antibodies thought to cross-link the two alpha subunits in a monomer. It apparently cross-links delta and gamma subunits within the monomer. Some of the monoclonal antibodies to alpha subunits can bind simultaneously to receptor, while the binding of others is mutually exclusive. PMID- 6786328 TI - Evidence for an intrazymogen mechanism in the conversion of proacrosin into acrosin. AB - The mechanism responsible for the spontaneous initiation of proacrosin conversion into acrosin in vitro was studied and characterized by using the highly effective inhibitor leupeptin. In the presence of excess leupeptin [10(2)-10(3))KI to acrosin], proacrosin spontaneously and completely converted into acrosin at pH 8. However, only the initial enzyme product, m alpha-acrosin, was produced, and the rate of conversion was not affected when exogenous m alpha-acrosin was added to the reaction mixture. These results demonstrate that excess leupeptin eliminated all conversion and degradative reactions requiring active acrosin. Kinetically, the conversion of proacrosin into m alpha-acrosin in the presence of excess leupeptin appeared first order. The observed half-life (t 1/2 = 1.4 h) did not vary over a 10-fold range of leupeptin or initial proacrosin concentrations. These data demonstrate that proacrosin can self-catalyze its own conversion into m alpha-acrosin by an intrazymogen mechanism. PMID- 6786329 TI - Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of ternary complexes of folate derivatives, 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate and Lactobacillus. AB - Numerous biochemical techniques have been employed to characterize the covalent inhibitory ternary complex of thymidylate synthetase consisting of enzyme, 5 fluorodeoxyuridylate, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. 19F NMR studies of this covalent ternary complex reveal a single, broad resonance centered at 12.7 ppm to higher shielding of free nucleotide, while the 5-fluorodexyuridylate-enzyme binary complex exhibits two resonances to higher shielding of free nucleotide, one at 1.4 ppm representing noncovalently bound ligand and the other at 34.5 ppm indicative of covalently bound 5,6-dihydro-5-fluorodeoxyuridylate. In order to follow the transformation of the latter binary complex to a ternary complex, we have employed 19F NMR to profile changes in the environment of the nucleotide which result from the interaction of folates with the coenzyme binding site. At low molar excesses of folates (5-fold), the effects observed in the 19F NMR spectrum fall into three major classes. (1) 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate exhibited a weak interaction with the binary complex. (2) Methotrexate and aminopterin, antifolate drugs, were observed to increase the exchange rate among the species detected in the 19F NMR spectrum of the binary complex. (3) Folate, dihydrofolate, and a series of tetrahydrofolate derivatives were found to shift the equilibrium of the binary complex toward the covalent 5,6-dihydro-5 fluorodeoxyuridylate-enzyme complex. With the latter folates the chemical shifts for the covalent species of these ternary complexes were found in the range of 35 40 ppm to higher shielding and are interpreted to reflect subtle differences in the strength and steric nature of the interaction of the folate ligand with the binary complex. These data illustrate that the latter folates promote the conversion of the enzyme-bound nucleotide to a species which would be poised to form the second covalent bond of the ternary complex, namely the linkage of the methylene group of the coenzyme with carbon 5 of the nucleotide. PMID- 6786330 TI - Sequential translocation of two phenobarbital-induced polysomal messenger ribonucleic acids from the nuclear envelope to the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6786331 TI - Immunological comparison of rat, rabbit, and human microsomal cytochromes P-450. AB - Antibodies were raised in rabbits to electrophoretically homogeneous cytochromes P-450 isolated from rat and human liver microsomes. These antibodies were used to compare various forms of rat, rabbit, and human cytochromes P-450 present in microsomes and in purified preparations by using double-diffusion analysis, immunoelectrophoresis, quantitative microcomplement fixation, competitive radioimmune assay and inhibition of enzyme activity toward d-benzphetamine and benzo[a]pyrene. The results indicate that (1) at least some forms of cytochrome P 450 from the three species share certain common immunological determinants, (2) there are immunological differences between cytochromes P-450 isolated from the three species, (3) some immunological differences exist between cytochromes P-450 isolated from rats of different strains, (4) immunologically distinguishable forms of cytochrome P-450 exist within individual human liver samples, and (5) human liver samples obtained from different individuals contain immunologically different forms of cytochrome P-450. Quantitative microcomplement fixation techniques were used to assign immunological distances to different form of rat, rabbit, and human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450. Cross-reactivity was observed in all systems tested, and the extent of immunological similarity was dependent upon the particular assay used. PMID- 6786332 TI - Immunological comparison of rat, rabbit, and human liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductases. AB - NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (EC 1.6.2.4) preparations were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from rat, rabbit, and human liver microsomes. These preparations had apparent monomer molecular weights (Mr's) of 72 000-74 000 and were catalytically active in reducing rat and rabbit liver cytochromes P-450 as well as cytochrome c. A form of the human liver reductase devoid of a peptide of about Mr 6000 was isolated in the absence of protease inhibitors; this enzyme catalyzed the reduction of cytochrome c but not cytochromes P-450. Rabbits were immunized with purified rat liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and the resulting antibody preparation was used to examine the species specificity of the enzyme. Immunological differences among the three species were detected by using double-diffusion analysis, quantitative microcomplement fixation, and inhibition of enzyme activity. Microcomplement fixation techniques indicated immunological differences in both rat and human reductase preparations due to removal of a peptide of Mr 6000-8000; these differences were not detected by using double diffusion analysis. The antibody inhibited rat liver microsomal d-benzphetamine N demethylase activity to the same extent as NADPh-cytochrome c reductase activity, suggesting that the level of reductase controls the rate of this cytochrome P-450 mediated activity. On the other hand, the antibody was much less effective in inhibiting rat liver benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity. The antibody exerted different effects in inhibiting d-benzphetamine N-demethylase and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activities as compared to NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in human liver microsomes. PMID- 6786333 TI - Metabolism in the cytosol of intact isolated cattle rod outer segments as indicator for cytosolic calcium and magnesium ions. AB - The metabolism of the chromophore of rhodopsin in the cytosol compartment of isolated intact cattle rod outer segments was used as an indicator for changes of the cytosolic Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration upon changes of the external Mg2+ and Ca2+ concentration. The reduction of retinal to retinol upon photolysis of rhodopsin in situ in intact rod outer segments was critically dependent on the availability of cytosolic Mg2+. The latter is necessary as chelator of endogenous adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP). Lowering the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration beneath 10(-7) M resulted in an inhibition of the rate of retinol formation. This is presumably due to a light-activated process, which competes with retinol formation for the supply of high-energy phosphate from a common pool. These results led to the following conclusions. Changes of the external Mg2+ concentration are only followed by substantial changes of the cytosolic Mg2+ concentration when the ionophore A23187 is present. Changes of the external Ca2+ concentration are followed by parallel changes of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration either when external Na+ is present or in the presence of A23187. Li+ and K+ could not substitute for Na+ in the former case, but K+ diminished the effectivity of Na+ at low Na+ concentrations and enhanced it at high Na+ concentrations. It is concluded that the control of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in isolated intact rod outer segments is predominantly provided for by Na-Ca exchange, i.e., by coupled fluxes. PMID- 6786334 TI - Calcium and prothrombin-induced lateral phase separation in membranes. PMID- 6786335 TI - Characterization, cell-free synthesis, and processing of apolipoprotein A-I of rat high-density lipoproteins. AB - Rat apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) was isolated from delipidated high-density lipoproteins by sequential chromatography on Sephacryl S-200 and Sephadex G-150 columns in guanidine buffer. The purified protein had an apparent Mr of 27 000 and was homogeneous by NaDodSO4 and urea gel electrophoresis. Its amino acid composition was similar to that previously reported by Swaney et al. [Swaney, J. B., Wraithwaite, F., & Eder, H. G. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 271-278]. Microsequencing yielded an N-terminal sequence of Asp-Glu-Pro-Pro-Val-(Ser)-Glu-. Rabbit antisera were generated against the purified rat apoA-I and were shown to be monospecific against the protein by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Total poly(A) RNA was isolated from the rat liver by extraction in guanidine hydrochloride buffer and oligo(dT)-cellulose chromatography. In vitro translation of the RNA was performed in both wheat germ and nuclease-treated reticulocyte lysate systems, using [35S]Met as the radioactive amino acid precursor. Immunoreactive 35S- labeled apoA-I synthesized in vitro was precipitated by a rabbit antirat apoA-I serum. It was analyzed on an NaDodSO4- acrylamide slab gel and visualized by fluorography. The in vitro product was found to have an apparent Mr of 28 500, being larger than the authentic plasma protein by approximately 1500 daltons. When translation was performed in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes, the immunoprecipitable material was cotranslationally cleaved to a product identical in size (Mr 27 000) with plasma apoA-I. Thus, we have synthesized in vitro a putative precursor to rat apoA-I, designated preapoA-I. The preapoA-I has been processed in a cell-free system to its mature plasma counterpart by the addition of exogenous microsomal membranes. PMID- 6786336 TI - Quantitative solid-phase Edman degradation for evaluation of extended solid-phase peptide synthesis. AB - Quantitative solid-phase Edman degradation was used for the amino acid sequence analysis of synthetic peptidyl-resins prepared by the Merrifield solid-phase procedure. A model peptide, Ala-[3H]Pro-Ala-Gly-Phe-Ala-Gly-, was synthesized on a solid support and was sequenced to measure the efficiency of the solid-phase sequencing protocol used. An average of 92% of the first four residues was removed from the peptidyl-resin as indicated by subtractive amino acid analysis. Quantitation of the radioactive proline residue at cycle 2 revealed that it was efficiently recovered both from the acid conversion procedure (99%) and also following high-pressure liquid chromatography of the phenylthiohydantoin (Pth) amino acid (88%). In order to facilitate identification and quantification of the side chain protected Pth amino acids, we prepared these derivatives and characterized them by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Thereafter, by the use of solid-phase Edman degradation as an analytical procedure, the synthesis of residues 2-118 of the heavy-chain variable region (VH) of a homogeneous rabbit antibody was undertaken. At 10-15-residue intervals during the solid-phase synthesis, samples of peptidyl-resin were removed from the synthesis vessel and sequenced. When gross synthetic errors caused by deletion of amino acids residues were detected, the solid-phase synthesis was terminated and restarted by using modified protocols. A 117-residue peptidyl-resin was prepared finally which possessed the desired amino acid sequence as indicated by a series of solid-phase Edman degradation experiments. In the final degradation experiment on the 117 residue peptidyl-resin, a 92% efficiency for the automatic Edman reaction was measured ([3H]Leu, penultimate amino-terminal residue). We have found two advantages for the concurrent use of solid-phase Edman degradation during an extended solid-phase synthesis: (1) on the basis of the level of error due to incomplete incorporation of amino acids, the solid-phase assembly could be terminated in favor of restarting the synthesis, hence avoiding further work on a defective product and (2) direct verification of incorporation of amino acids, which during acid hydrolysis are destroyed (Cys, Trp) or are deamidated (Asn, Gln), is possible by high-pressure liquid chromatography of the corresponding Pth derivatives. PMID- 6786337 TI - Effects of 1,2-dimethoxyethane on the catalytic and coenzyme properties of glycogen phosphorylase. AB - Dimethoxyethane, a good activator of phosphorylase b, has been used to study mechanisms of phosphorylase activation and the catalytic reaction. Activation can be explained best by an alteration of the allosteric equilibrium in favor of the active R conformation. Lesser effects are seen with phosphorylase a, and activation does not alter appreciably the equilibrium between the dimeric and tetrameric forms. With 20% 1,2-dimethoxyethane, the Vm value of phosphorylase b is 74% of that obtained in the presence of adenosine monophosphate. In the presence of 10% 1,2-dimethoxyethane, the Ki value for glucose inhibition is increased 3-fold, but inhibition by 1,5-gluconolactone is increased. The allosteric activation of glycogen phosphorylase results in a change in pK1 for the pH-activity profile. The formation of the dianionic form of the phosphoryl group of the coenzyme, pyridoxal phosphate, may account for this change. By analogy to the effects of anions and a change in dielectric on the acid hydroylsis of glucose 1-phosphate, it is suggested that the dianion of the coenzyme could stabilize the developing positive charge of an oxonium ion intermediate. Dimethoxyethane also affects the interaction of pyridoxal phosphate with phosphorylase. It influences the rates of both resolution and reconstitution. Good preparations of apophosphorylase a can be made by using 1,2 dimethoxyethane in the resolution medium. PMID- 6786338 TI - Resonance Raman studies on protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase-inhibitor complexes. AB - Resonance Raman spectra of a number of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase-inhibitor complexes were studied by use of the available lines of an argon and a krypton laser. Three types of inhibitors were investigated-hydroxybenzoates, dicarboxylates, and 4-nitrocatechol. The hydroxybenzoate study shows that the hydroxy group in 3-hydroxybenzoate does not coordinate to the active site iron, in agreement with earlier suggestions, and confirms the coordination of the hydroxy group in the isomeric 4-hydroxybenzoate. The dicarboxylate study demonstrates that both glutarate and terephthalate perturb the active-site environment, shifting the charge-transfer interaction to lower energy. The pH dependence of terephthalate binding as well as the spectral similarities of the dicarboxylate complexes to the ESO2 intermediate provides further evidence for the suggestion that this intermediate is a tightly bound enzyme-product complex. The 4-nitrocatechol study indicates that, unlike the substrate catechols, 4 nitrocatechol does not bind to the iron; a binding configuration wherein the acidic phenolate group interacts with the carboxylate binding site has been suggested by others. Finally the spectra of the 4-hydroxybenzoate and terephthalate complexes demonstrate the presence of two tyrosines coordinated to the active-site iron as suggested by others; these tyrosines have different vCO's and excitation profiles. PMID- 6786339 TI - Transfer and trapping of excitation energy in photosystem II as studied by chlorophyll alpha 2 fluorescence quenching by dinitrobenzene and carotenoid triplet. The matrix model. AB - 1. The curves representing the reciprocal fluorescence yield of chlorophyll alpha of Photosystem II (PS II) in Chlorella vulgaris as a function of the concentration of m-dinitrobenzene in the states P Q and P Q-, are found to be straight parallel lines; P is the primary donor and Q the primary acceptor of PS II. In the weakly trapping state P Q- the half-quenching of dinitrobenzene is about 0.2 mM, in vitro it is of the order of 10 mM. The fluorescence yield as a function of the concentration of a quencher is described for three models for the energy transfer between the units, and the matrix model. If it is assumed that the rate constant of quenching by dinitrobenzene is high and thus the number of dinitrobenzene molecules per reaction center low, it can be concluded that the pigment system of PS II in C. vulgaris is a matrix of chlorophyll molecules in which the reaction centers are embedded. Theoretical and experimental evidence is consistent with such an assumption. For Cyanidium caldarium the zero fluorescence yield phi 0 and its quenching by dinitrobenzene were found to be much smaller than the corresponding quantities for C. vulgaris. Nevertheless, our measurements on C. caldarium could be interpreted by the assumption that the essential properties (rate constants, dinitrobenzene quenching) of PS II are the same for these two species belonging to such widely different groups. 2. The measured dinitrobenzene concentrations required for half-quenching in vivo and other observations are explained by (non-rate-limiting) energy transfer between the chlorophyll alpha molecules of PS II and by the assumptions that dinitrobenzene is approximately distributed at random in the membrane and does not diffuse during excitation. 3. The fluorescence kinetics of C. vulgaris during a 350 ns laser flash of variable intensity could be simulated on a computer using the matrix model. From the observed fluorescence quenching by the carotenoid triplet (CT) and the measurement of the the number of CT per reaction center via difference absorption spectroscopy, the rate constant for quenching of CT is calculated to be kT = 3.3 . 10(11)s-1 which is almost equal to the rate constant of trapping by an open reaction center (Duysens, L.N.M. (1979) CIBA Foundation Symposium 61 (New Series), pp. 323--340). 4. The fluorescence quenching by CT in non-treated spinach chloroplasts after a 500 ns laser flash (Breton, J., Geacintov, N.E. and Swenberg, C.E. (1979) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 548, 616--635) could be explained within the framework of the matrix model when the value for kT is used as given in point 3. 5. The observations mentioned under point 1 indicate that the fluorescence yield phi 0 for centers in trapping state P Q is probably for a fraction exceeding 0.8 emitted by PS II. PMID- 6786340 TI - Oscillations of the NAD(P)H pool size and of the redox state of a cytochrome b during dark respiration of the blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. AB - Oscillations of the oxygen uptake rate of the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium) Anacystis nidulans were induced by light pulses. The pool size of NAD(P)H and the redox state of a cytochrome b showed oscillations of similar shape and frequency. Phase diagrams revealed that these three oscillations were presumably linked. The cytochrome b should be a part of the respiratory chain of this blue-green alga. The oscillations were inducible only in a limited physiological state of the alga. PMID- 6786341 TI - Hydrogenase. PMID- 6786342 TI - Influence of human low density and high density lipoprotein cholesterol on the in vitro prostaglandin I2 synthetase activity. AB - We investigated in vitro the influence of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lioprotein (HDL) cholesterol separated from human serum on prostaglandin I2 synthetase activity studied by the conversion of prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin I2 by the microsomal fraction of pig aorta. 6 Oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha was analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography using prostaglandin F1 alpha as internal standard. We found a linear negative correlation (P less than 0.001) between the amount of LDL cholesterol in the incubation solution and prostaglandin I2 synthetase activity, whereas there was a positive correlation (P less than 0.01) between HDL cholesterol and prostaglandin I2 synthesis. A very low concentration of LDL cholesterol and a high concentration of HDL cholesterol stimulated prostaglandin I2 synthesis, whereas a high LDL cholesterol concentration inhibited prostaglandin I2 biosynthesis by 64%. The concentration range of LDL and HDL cholesterol was representative of physiologically low, normal or elevated levels of lipoproteins. PMID- 6786343 TI - Cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism by mouse bone in organ culture. AB - The products of endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid metabolism via the cyclooxygenase pathway in mouse bone in organ culture were identified and quantitated by the use of high performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Production of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and I2 from endogenous substrate was stimulated by incubation of bone with epidermal growth factor and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate. Addition of arachidonic acid to the culture medium not only resulted in the accumulation of prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha, and I2 but also thromboxane. Bone metabolized prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha to their respective 13,14-dihydro-15-keto derivatives. Prostaglandin I2, measured as 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha was synthesized by bone, and metabolic products of prostaglandin I2 or 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, either 6,15-diketo-prostaglandin F1 alpha or 13,14 dihydro-6,15-diketo-prostaglandin F1 alpha, were also detected in the culture media. Formation of cyclooxygenase products of endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid metabolism (both basal and stimulated) and bone resorption were inhibited by indomethacin. Bone as a tissue responded biochemically not only to exogenous prostaglandins and agents that enhance endogenous prostaglandin production but also to exogenous arachidonic acid by biosynthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclin and thromboxane. Furthermore, bone metabolized these cyclooxygenase products to their more stable metabolites. PMID- 6786344 TI - Stimulation of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities by estradiol in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. AB - The effects of estradiol on the arachidonic acid pool and prostacyclin biosynthetic activity in rat aortic smooth muscle cells were studied. Estradiol has no significant effect on the distribution of [14C]arachidonic acid in cells with respect to prostacyclin production assay, the endogenous fatty acid (specifically, arachidonic acid) composition of cellular phospholipid fractions and cellular phospholipase (or/and lipase) activities. However, estradiol significantly stimulates both prostaglandin cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities of cells, and induction of new protein biosynthesis is involved in the effect of estradiol on the stimulation of prostacyclin biosynthetic activity. PMID- 6786345 TI - Surfactant secretion in a newborn rabbit lung slice model. AB - We describe a slice model for the study of pulmonary surfactant secretion in newborn rabbits. Full term rabbits were delivered by cesarean section and injected intraperitoneally with [Me-3H]choline. Four hours later they were killed, the lungs were perfused to remove blood, slices (0.5 mm thick) were prepared and incubated in buffer at 37 degrees C. The composition of the lipids initially released into the medium resembled those of lung tissue rather than surfactant. Following 3 changes of medium, however, the composition of the lipids released was very similar to that of lung lavage. Phosphatidylcholine accounted for over 70% of the total while phosphatidylethanolamine and sphingomyelin accounted for only 7% and 4%, respectively. 52% of the phosphatidylcholine was disaturated. Less than 5% of the tissue lactate dehydrogenase was released into the medium. The rate of phosphatidyl[Me-3H]choline release during this period was, therefore, measured. Release of phosphatidyl[Me-3H]choline was linear with time and was temperature-dependent. Prostaglandin E2 stimulated its rate of release by 20% while indomethacin and flufenamic acid, inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, inhibited it by 52% and 37%, respectively. The calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of Ca2+ stimulated release by 40% while colchicine an cytochalasin B inhibited it by 36% and 32%, respectively. These data suggest that both prostaglandins and Ca2+ are involved in surfactant release and that intact microtubular and microfilament systems may also be necessary. PMID- 6786346 TI - Kinetics of reduction of the primary donor of photosystem II. Influence of pH in various preparations. AB - The kinetics of reduction of P-680, oxidized by a flash, have been measured with chloroplasts treated with Tris, hydroxylamine or cholate, with PS-II particles from Phormidium (Tris-treated) and with subchloroplast particles prepared with digitonin or Triton. In all cases the electron transfer from D1 to P-680+ has similar rates, influenced similarly by pH and D1 has a one-electron capacity. PMID- 6786347 TI - The effect on photosynthetic electron transport of temperature-dependent changes in the fluidity of the thylakoid membrane in a thermophilic blue-green alga. AB - Various electron transport reactions in cell or isolated thylakoid membranes of the thermophilic blue-green alga, Synechococcus sp. were measured at different temperatures between 72 and 3 degrees C. They are classified into two groups with respect to their temperature dependency. The first group involves cytochrome 553 photooxidation, methyl viologen photoreduction with reduced 2,6 dichlorophenolindophenol as electron donor and 3-(3',4'-dichlorophenyl)-1,1 dimethylurea-resistant ferricyanide photoreduction determined in the presence or absence of silicomolybdate. The Arrhenius plot of these reactions showed a single straight line with the activation energy of about 10 kcal/mol throughout wide temperature ranges studied. Methyl viologen photoreduction with water as electron donor, reduction of flash-oxidized cytochrome 553, ferricyanide photoreduction and photosynthetic O2 evolution form the second group. Their arrhenius plots are characterized by discontinuities or breaks at about 30 and 10 degrees C, which respectively correspond to the upper and lower boundaries of the lateral phase separation of the membrane lipids. The first group reactions represent short spans of electron transport which are mediated either by Photosystem I or Photosystem II alone and not related to plastoquinone, whereas all the reactions of the second group involve plastoquinone. It is concluded therefore that the membrane fluidity affect electron transport specifically at the region of plastoquinone. It is proposed that the reaction center chlorophyll-protein complexes of both Photosystems I and II are closely associated with related electron carrier proteins to form functional supramolecular assemblies so that electron transfer within such a cluster of proteins proceeds independently of the phase changes in the membrane lipids. On the other hand, the role of plastoquinone as a mobile electron carrier mediating electron transfer from the protein assembly of Photosystem II to that of Photosystem I through the fluid hydrophobic matrix of the membranes is highly sensitive to the physical state of the membrane lipids. PMID- 6786348 TI - Differentiation between Ca2+ transport and ATP-induced Ca2+ binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The Ca2+ actively accumulated by sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from skeletal muscle is composed of two fractions; one represented by intravesicular free Ca2+ and another represented by Ca2+ selectively bound to the membranes. Both of these Ca2+ fractions depend on ATP, although it is not clear whether ATP hydrolysis is essential for accumulation of the second Ca2+ fraction. The existence of the membrane-bound Ca2+ induced by ATP is clearly shown in experiments in which the Ca2+ retention by sarcoplasmic reticulum is measured in the presence and in the absence of X-537A, a Ca2+ ionophore, which makes the membrane permeable to Ca2+. Thus, in the presence of X-537A all Ca2+ accumulated due to ATP is bound to the membranes. This membrane-bound Ca2+ represents about 30 nmol/mg protein in the range of external pCa values of 7 to 3.5. The magnitude of this Ca2+ fraction is slightly higher whether or not the experiments are performed in the presence of oxalate, which greatly increased the intravesicular Ca2+ accumulation. Furthermore, taking advantage of the impermeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum to EGTA, it is possible to show the existence of the membrane-bound Ca2+ as a distinct fraction from that which exists intravesicularly. PMID- 6786349 TI - Peptidase activity in the inner membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The location of peptidase activity within the cell envelope structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been studied. Inner and outer membrane fractions were separated on the basis of buoyant density using two consecutive sucrose steps gradients and identified on the basis of known components. The inner membrane was shown to contain peptidase activity while the outer membrane contained none. These data support the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa transports intact peptides. PMID- 6786350 TI - Inhibition of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid uptake by diisothiocyanostilbenedisulphonic acid in the amphibian cornea. AB - alpha-Aminoisobutyric acid accumulation of the toad's (Bufo marinus) cornea and lens is inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-stilbenedisulfonic acid. This effect is seen at pH 8.4; at pH 7.4 a small increase in aminoisobutyric acid uptake was observed. Efflux of aminoisobutyric acid is unchanged by diisothiocyanostilbenedisulphonic acid at either pH. The inhibitory effect of diisothiocyanostilbenedisulphonic acid on aminoisobutyric acid accumulation appears to reflect a direct action on membrane mechanisms that mediate its influx. PMID- 6786351 TI - A new class of inhibitors capable of binding both the acidic and alkaline forms of carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 6786352 TI - Modulation of the epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)lysine cross-link in cellular proteins. I. In vivo and in vitro studies. AB - The epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)lysine cross-link content of intracellular proteins in a variety of cell types can be modulated in vivo by temperature changes and in vitro by treatment with Mg2+/-ATP and Mg2+/-ATP plus Ca2+. Virtually all the cross-links are found in the cytoskeletal and membrane components which are not solubilized by glycerol extraction. In the slime mold, Physarum polycephalum, enzyme activities persist which bring about a decrease in cross-link content upon addition of Mg2+/-ATP and an increase in cross-link content upon addition of Mg2+/-ATP plus Ca2+. In cultured embryonic chick skeletal myofibrils, we have observed a decrease in cross-link content upon addition of Mg2+/-ATP. In cultured embryonic chick heart myofibrils, we have observed an increase in cross-link content upon addition of Mg2+/-ATP followed by Ca2+. A hypothesis is discussed in which the modulation of Glu-Lys cross-links is explained in terms of a cycle of reactions which involves (1) the formation of an acyl phosphate of a glutamic acid side chain; (2) the formation of a Glu-Lys cross-link, and (3) the hydrolytic or phosphorylitic breakdown of the cross-links. In such a hypothesis, the role of Mg2+/-ATP is that of introducing energy which can be used for the cycling of cross-links and possibly for some cellular energy transductions. PMID- 6786353 TI - Modulation of the epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)lysine cross-link in cellular proteins. II. Fractionation studies. AB - The epsilon-(gamma-glutamic)lysine cross-link content of glycerol-extracted cultured embryonic chick heart myofibrils is increased by treatment with Mg2+-ATP followed by Ca2+ but not by Ca2+ alone. Fractionation of protein chains dissolved in sodium dodecyl sulfate and dithiothreitol shows that the increase of cross link content occurs in very large proteins (greater than 250 kdaltons) and that there is a very marked decrease in cross-link content in the 82 kdalton region. Treatment of the glycerol-extracted myofibrils with Mg2+-ATP followed by Ca2+ also increases the amount of protein in the very high molecular weight fraction and there is a corresponding reduction of material in some of the lighter chains particularly in fibronectin, actin and in 82 and 51 kdalton chains. The relevance of Mg2+-ATP plus Ca2+ -dependent Glu-Lys cross-link formation to cyclical or reversible cellular processes is discussed briefly. PMID- 6786354 TI - The amino acid sequences around the reactive serine and histidine residues of the chymotrypsin-like protease from the hornet, Vespa orientalis. PMID- 6786355 TI - A redox function for the Calpha2 domain of IgA immunoglobulin. AB - IgA1 populations were reduced over a range of dithiothreitol concentrations and the products were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and peptide mapping. The study showed that IgA was more resistant to reduction than other immunoglobulin classes (IgG, IgM). SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that intersubunit bond and H-L bond were the most labile disulfide in polymeric and monomeric IgA, respectively. Peptide mapping revealed that the itrachain disulfide of the C alpha 2 domain was more or equally sensitive to the reduction than H-L and intersubunit bonds. Electrochemical experiments demonstrated that this bond had redox properties and the possibility involving disulfide exchange is discussed. PMID- 6786356 TI - Partial purification of biologically active, low molecular weight, human antihemophilic factor free of Von Willebrand factor. I. Partial characterization and evidence for disulfide bond(s) susceptible to limited reduction. AB - Partially purified (approx. 5000-fold), low molecular weight human antihemophilic factor, free of detectable Von Willebrand factor (ristocetin cofactor activity or Von Willebrand antigen), was prepared from fresh citrated plasma by limited reduction with 1 mM dithiothreitol and chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B, Sephadex G-100, and polyelectrolyte E-5. The ratio of antihemophilic factor activity to Von Willebrand factor activity or antigen was greater than 27 000 : 1. The antihemophilic factor activity could be neutralized with homologous antibody and could be further increased with thrombin. The Mr (approx. 116 000) was determined by calibrated gel permeation chromatography, electrophoresis in 5% polyacrylamide gels with sodium dodecyl sulfate and by electrophoresis in large pore acrylamide gels without it. Since the low Mr antihemophilic factor could be prepared by treating fresh rather than fresh-frozen plasma with dithiothreitol, it was concluded that partial reduction of the antihemophilic factor with this reagent helped to maintain the antihemophilic factor in a low Mr form. When iodo[l-14C]acetamide was used to alkylate the reduced plasma proteins prior to purification, the molecular weight of the purified antihemophilic factor remained low despite numerous purification steps. By this means, one of four radioactive proteins (Mr 116 000) in the final preparation was bound specifically to homologous antihemophilic factor antibody and attributed to 14C-labeled antihemophilic factor. While the data suggest that antihemophilic factor in fresh plasma contains one or more dithiothreitol-sensitive intramolecular disulfide bonds, the possibility of disulfide linkages with other proteins(s) cannot be excluded. PMID- 6786357 TI - Partial purification of biologically active, low molecular weight, human antihemophilic factor free of Von Willebrand factor. II. Further purification with thiol-disulfide interchange chromatography and additional evidence for disulfide bonds susceptible to limited reduction. AB - Thiol-disulfide interchange chromatography was used in the preparation of partially purified (approx. 17 000-fold) low molecular weight, Mr approximately or equal to 115 000, human antihemophilic factor essentially free of Von Willebrand factor. This antihemophilic factor was prepared from fresh plasma which had undergone limited reduction with 1 mM dithiothreitol and was subsequently reacted with 2,2'-dipyridyl disulfide, a sulfhydryl reagent which readily undergoes disulfide exchange. Exchange of protein-2-pyridyl mixed disulfide with thiopropyl-Sepharose resulted in the chromatographic adsorption of approx. 96% of the coagulant activity, of which approx. 20% subsequently eluted with 1.0 mM dithiothreitol. After reductive displacement from the thiopropyl Sepharose the antihemophilic factor could be S-alkylated with iodo-[1 14]acetamide. The ratio of coagulant activity to Von Willebrand factor-antigen activity was greater than 30 000 : 1. In contrast, reduced antihemophilic factor was alkylated with iodoacetamide prior to chromatography as a control, and showed no exchange with the thiopropyl-Sepharose, eluting quantitatively in the breakthrough volume. These studies reinforce our previous results (Harris, R.B., Newman, J. and Johnson, A.J. (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 668, 456-470) that partial reduction with dithiothreitol exposes critical sulfhydryl groups which, when alkylated, maintains the antihemophilic factor in a low molecular weight form without inactivating procoagulant activity. PMID- 6786358 TI - ATP-dependent uptake of nitrate in Nostoc muscorum and inhibition by ammonium ions. AB - A high rate of nitrate uptake was observed in Nostoc muscorum when cells were grown on elemental nitrogen as compared to that when they were grown on nitrate or ammonium. The uptake of nitrate was light dependent. However, supplementation with ATP (50 microM) stimulated nitrate uptake both in light and darkness. ADP, under similar conditions had no effect. 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU), 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline, (HOQNO) and KCN inhibited nitrate uptake in light which could be partially reversed by addition of ATP. Inhibition by carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), an uncoupler of photophosphorylation, was complete and could not be restored by the addition of ATP. N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), a specific inhibitor of ATPase, blocked nitrate uptake in the presence or absence of externally added ATP. Although no nitrate uptake was observed under anaerobic conditions in dark, addition of ATP resulted in uptake of nitrate, which was similar in magnitude to that observed under aerobic condition in the light, and was inhibited by DCCD. Ammonium ions inhibited the uptake of nitrate in the absence of ATP but in its presence there was simultaneous uptake of nitrate and ammonium ions. However, uptake of ammonium ions alone was not affected by presence or absence of ATP in the external medium. It was concluded that nitrate ion uptake was energy dependent and may be linked with a proton gradient which can be formed either by photophosphorylation or ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6786359 TI - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by glomeruli in vivo and in vitro. AB - The distribution of glycosaminoglycans in disrupted glomerular fractions was studied using 35SO4-labeling in vivo and in vitro. The majority of 35S of isolated glomerular basement membrane was found in heparan sulfate after in vivo and in vitro pulses, although the absolute proportion and the degrees of N sulfation and N-acetylation varied with the conditions of exposure. Varying amounts of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate were found in the glomerular basement membrane fraction and larger proportions of both of these glycosaminoglycans as well as of heparan sulfate were found in various glomerular fractions. Glomerular glycosaminoglycans distribution studies must take into account the experimental conditions. Basement membrane-like components of the glomerulus such as the mesangial matrix may have varying glycosaminoglycan composition which may be found in association with glomerular basement membrane fractions. PMID- 6786360 TI - Polyamine deprivation-induced enhanced uptake of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by tumor cells. AB - 1. Putrescine and spermidine depletion produced by alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor or ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), resulted in a strikingly enhanced cellular uptake of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in cultured Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and human lymphocytic leukemia cells. 2. A prior priming of the cells with difluoromethylornithine followed by a short exposure of the cells to methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) rapidly established intracellular concentrations of the latter drug approaching 10 mM. 3. The enhanced transport of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) into the tumor cells apparently required metabolic energy as the uptake of extracellular drug rapidly ceased and intracellular methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) was excreted into the medium when the glycolysis of the tumor cells was inhibited by iodoacetate. 4. A sequential treatment of cultured tumor cells with difluoromethylornithine until established polyamine depletion followed by an addition of low concentrations of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) produced an antiproliferative action not achieved with either of the drugs alone. 5. A similar treatment schedule, i.e a priming of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites cells with difluoromethylornithine for a few days, likewise enhanced the uptake of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) by the carcinoma cells, but only marginally increased the drug concentration in the liver and small intestine of the animals. PMID- 6786361 TI - The binding of chondroitin 6-sulfate to plasma low density lipoprotein. AB - The interaction in vitro of several sulfated glycosaminoglycans with low density lipoproteins (LDL) has been studied. Chondroitin 6-sulfate and heparin were the only ones to produce turbidity when added to LDL in presence of Ca2+. However, when these two glycosaminoglycans were applied to LDL-affinity columns in presence of Ca2+, only chondroitin 6-sulfate was retained. Partially desulfated chondroitin 6-sulfate was not retained on LDL-affinity column, indicating the relevance of sulfate groups in the binding of LDL. Since chondroitin 4-sulfate and heparin, with a sulfate content respectively equal to and greater than that of chondroitin 6-sulfate, are not retained on LDL-affinity columns, the factors relevant to the binding of LDL are probably the conformation of the glycan in solution and the orientation of its sulfate groups. PMID- 6786362 TI - The effect of Ca2+ ionophores upon the synthesis of proteins in cultured skeletal muscle. AB - The influence of the Ca2+ ionophores, ionomycin and A23187 upon the incorporation of [35S]methionine into proteins of cultured chicken pectoralis muscle was studied during differentiation of myoblasts into multinucleated myotubes. Fusion was reversibly arrested by growing cells in low-calcium media from the time of plating. Exposure of normal and fusion blocked cultures to 10-6-10-5 M ionomycin or A23187 for 2-6 h on the second to fourth day of growth, resulted in a selective increase in the incorporation of [35S]methionine into two proteins of about 100 000 and 80 000 dalton. When 10-5 M ionomycin or A23187 were added to older cultures, all large myotubes contracted and detached from the plate. Only the adhering myoblasts and small myotubes incorporated [35s[methionine into the muscle proteins and showed increased incorporation of label into 100 000 and 80 000 proteins. After ionophore pulse, the adhering cells retained the ability to differentiate and accumulate myosin. The effect of Ca2+ ionophores upon the rate of protein synthesis is presumably related to increased influx of extracellular Ca2+ with a rise in the Ca2+ concentration of the cytoplasm. We conclude that Ca2+ sensitive mechanisms may regulate the synthesis of a select group of muscle proteins. PMID- 6786363 TI - Isolated heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis synthesize envelope polysaccharide. AB - Isolated heterocysts, incubated for 1 h at 30 degrees C [14C]mannose, synthesize [14C]arabinose and [14C]glucose, and incorporate the three 14C-labeled sugars into their envelopes with glycosidic linkages characteristic of their envelope polysaccharide. In extracts of metabolic intermediates with hot 80% methanol, [14C]mannose is associated with the nucleotide GDP and [14C]glucose and [14C]arabinose with UDP. Chloroform/methanolic extracts of the heterocysts contain phosphoglycolipids in which 14C-labeled mannose, arabinose, and glucose are present. The lipids have the same as dolichol phosphate mannose under varying chromatographic conditions, RF and like polyisoprenol monophosphate glycolipids are stable to treatment with mild alkali but labile to mild acid hydrolysis. If bacitracin is added to the incubation mixture, 14C-labeled nucleotide sugars accumulate, but incorporation of 14C into envelope polysaccharide is greatly diminished. This observation supports the interpretation that polyisoprenol phosphoglycolipids are intermediates in the biosynthesis of this polysaccharide. PMID- 6786365 TI - Control of 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity in phototrophic facultative bacteria. Purification and some properties of the enzyme from Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 6786364 TI - Linkage regions between dermatan polysulfates and peptides. AB - Three different types of dermatan polysulfate peptides I, II and III, isolated from hagfish notochord, hagfish skin and shark skin, all contained serine, xylose and galactose in a molar ratio of about 1.2 : 1 : 2. After beta-elimination reduction, dermatan polysulfate peptides II and III produced alanine and xylitol in amounts equivalent to the amount of the serine decrease. Accordingly, it was shown that these dermatan polysulfates were linked to peptides by O-glycosidic bond between xylose and serine, as in chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate. However, dermatan polysulfate peptide I produced N-acetylgalactosaminitol, in addition to alanine and xylitol, in a molar ratio of about 2 : 3 : 1, although the increase of alanine was equivalent to the serine decrease. Consequently, it was concluded that the linkage region of dermatan polysulfate peptide I has two types of O-glycosidic bond: one between xylose and serine and the other between N acetylgalactosamine and serine. This is the first finding of an N acetylgalactosamine involved in the linkage region of glycosaminoglycans consisting of uronic acid as repeating constituents. PMID- 6786366 TI - 26S and 18S rRNA synthesis in bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - For the most part, bobbed mutations of Drosophila melanogaster consist of deletions of 26S and 18S rDNA located on the X and Y chromosomes. Studies on the synthesis of rRNA of third instar larvae and one day old adult females of three severe bobbed genotypes, indicate that no decrease can be detected, compared ot wild type strains. One of the bobbed mutants studied was a rather unusual type: these flies possess a quantity of rDNA that should confer upon them a near wild type phenotype whereas they actually show an extreme bobbed phenotype. The two other bobbed mutants are of a classical type: their severe bobbed phenotype corresponds to large deletions of rDNA. Two hypotheses can be proposed to explain the extreme bobbed phenotype of the flies, in spite of the fact that rRNA synthesis occurs normally. A regulatory phenomenon may interfere at the stages studied, but in earlier stages a net decrease in rRNA synthesis may have occurred producing an irreversible effect in the tissues affected by bobbed mutations (abdominal cuticle, bristles). The second hypothesis is that the rRNA produced may not be functional, perhaps because it is specific of earlier stages. PMID- 6786367 TI - [Effect of peptide hormone fragments and thyroliberin on mouse blood glucose homeostasis]. AB - The comparative effects of thyroliberin (TRH), pentagastrin, C-terminal tripeptides of gastrin (MNF), luliberin (RPG) and its analog (RPF), oxytocin (PLG) and N-terminal tripeptide of angiotensin (NRV) on the glucose concentration in mouse blood, as well as the interrelationship between the peptides under study and insulin and somatostatin, were studied. It was found that all the peptides (except PLG) at doses 5, 50 and 100 mg/kg (intraperitoneally) exert a hypoglycemic effect comparable to that of insulin at the dose of 0,15 MU/kg (subcutaneously). The dose-dependent effect is observed only in the case of TRH. Somatostatin reverses the hypoglycemic action of TRH, MNF and NRV. TRH and RPF decrease the glucose-induced rise in insulin concentration measured by RIA. The structure-activity relationship and possibility of the formation of endogenous peptide hormone fragments as products of hormone molecules enzymatic cleavage and their glucoregulatory role are discussed. PMID- 6786368 TI - [Characteristics of intracellular proteolysis in the cells of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The rate of total protein degradation down to acid-soluble products in the B. subtilis cells growing on a minimal medium is about 4--5% per hour. Under amino acid deficiency the rate of proteolysis depends on the allelic state of the relA gene, so that in the rel+ cells it increases two-fold, while in the rel- cells it remains low. Elimination of NH4+, PO43- and Mg2+ from the culture medium or an addition of NaN3 (8 mM) or 2,4-dinitrophenol (2 mM) results in 1.5--2.0-fold stimulation of proteolysis independently of the relA gene. In all cases studied the rate of proteolysis decreases after addition of chloramphenicol (100 micrograms/ml). It is proposed that chloramphenicol decreases the intracellular concentration of ppGpp, which is believed to exert pleiotropic alterations of cellular metabolism under condition of growth limitation. Quite different is the case of degradation of anomalous proteins synthesized in the presence of the lysine analog--S-2-aminoethylcystein. Degradation of anomalous proteins proceeds very rapidly (about 70% per hour); chloramphenicol (100 micrograms/ml) decreases the rate of proteolysis only two-fold. It was found that tetracycline (100 micrograms/ml) effectively inhibits the degradation of anomalous proteins. This activity of tetracycline was not observed in the presence of 50 mM of Mg2+ and seems to be dependent on the capacity of the antibiotic to form complexes with bivalent cations. These results reveal common features of control of proteolysis in the cells of B. subtilis and E. coli. PMID- 6786369 TI - [Mechanism of inhibition by chlorgyline and deprenyl of tyramine deamination by mitochondrial monoamine oxidase of rat liver]. AB - The inhibition by chlorgyline and deprenyl of deamination of tyramine, i. e. substrate of two forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B, by fragments of rat liver mitochondrial membrane and the effects of competitive reversible inhibitors of the MAO activity, e. g. 4-ethylpyridine, benzyl alcohol, O-benzyl hydroxylamine and 2-oxyquinoline, on this process were studied. It was shown that all the inhibitors used sharply increase the inhibiting effect of chlorgyline on tyramine deamination, the degree of the stimulating effect being the same irrespective of whether the inhibitors are added to the samples before or after a 30-min preincubation of chlorgyline with the enzyme at 23 degrees, i. e. after the onset of irreversible inhibition. The stimulating effect is due to the independent action of two inhibitors on the two different sites of the MAO active center: chlorgyline--on the isoalloxazine ring of FAD, that of 4-ethylpyridine, benzyl alcohol, O-benzylhydroxylamine, 2-oxyquinoline, respectively, on the hydrophobic region involved in tyramine binding. In similar experiments with deprenyl all the competitive inhibitors used, when added to the samples after a 30-min incubation of the inhibitor with the enzyme at 23 degrees, remove the inhibiting effect of deprenyl on tyramine deamination. The decrease of the inhibiting effect of deprenyl is indicative of an existence of competitive interactions between deprenyl and the above-mentioned compounds and of the reversible inhibition by deprenyl of tyramine deamination under the given experimental conditions. The data obtained revealed the differences in the type and mechanism of action of chlorgyline and deprenyl on tyramine deamination and showed that these inhibitors act on different sites of the MAO active center, responsible for tyramine oxidation. Chlorgyline blocks primarily the "flavin moiety" of the MAO molecule, essential for the catalytic act, while the effect of deprenyl is directed to the hydrophobic part of the enzyme active center essential for the enzyme binding to tyramine. In this case the irreversible inhibiting effect is achieved at a slower rate and the reversibility of tyramine oxidation by deprenyl is maintained for a longer period of time than the chlorgyline inhibition of deamination of this amine. PMID- 6786370 TI - [Interaction of phosphorylase B with SH-reagents and properties of the modified enzyme]. AB - The interaction of phosphorylase B with the SH-reagents, i.e. 2-chloromercuri-4 nitrophenol and ethylmercurichloride was studied. It was shown that phosphorylase B inhibition obeys the pseudo-first-order kinetics, the inactivation rate constants being equal to 11 M-1 s-1 and 17,5 M-1 s-1, respectively. Data from the SH-group titration with 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol and p-chloromercuri benzoate suggest that the number of modified cysteine residues and the amount of bound 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol in the phosphorylase B dimer is equal to 2. In the modified phosphorylase B the absorption maximum of pyridoxal phosphate is decreased at 330 nm and is increased at 410 nm. The binding of 2-chloromercuri-4 nitrophenol is accompanied by quenching of the protein and coenzyme fluorescence. Upon interaction with ethylmercurichloride only the pyridoxalphosphate fluorescence is quenched. The increase of the spin label mobility in the modified enzyme calculated from the EPR spectra of the spin-labelled preparations is indicative of the changes in the protein conformation coupled with the blocking of one SH-group in the enzyme monomer. The rate of enzyme inactivation under effects of the SH-reagents is a function of pH and is considerably increased within the pH range of 5.7-6.7. The pH-optimum of activity of partly modified enzyme remains practically unchanged; however, at the pH shift towards the acidic values the activity is drastically decreased as compared to that of the native enzyme. The data obtained suggest that the enzyme inactivation is due to modification of one SH-group in the phosphorylase B monomer vicinal to the pyridoxal phosphate binding site and probably involved in the enzymatic reaction. PMID- 6786371 TI - [Microsomal oxidation system in the course of development and aging]. AB - No substantial differences in the oxidoreductase activity of the NADH-driven electron transfer chain components in the course of development and ageing of Wistar rats aged 1, 3, 12 and 24 months were found. The content or activity of separate links of the NADPH-driven chain reached their maximal values at different age periods, being decreased with ageing. The demethylase and hydroxylase activities remained unchanged upon ageing. The ratio of the NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity to cytochrome P-450 content was decreased in 1-, 3- and 12-months-old animals. PMID- 6786373 TI - [In vitro binding of 70S ribosomes to membrane structures of Escherichia coli]. AB - It was found that the maximal disattachment of the ribosomes from the membrane structures is observed upon their treatment with 10 mM tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 250 mM sucrose, 750 mM KCl, 5 mM magnesium acetate and 1 mM EDTA or puromycin. The most effective attachment of ribosomes to the membrane occurs in 10 mM tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.5, containing 5% sucrose and Mg2+. The increase of Mg2+ concentration in the medium from 0.5 mM up to 1 mM results in a 2-fold increase of the ribosomes bound to the membranes. The concentration of the ribosomal material involved in the reaction is very essential for ribosome binding to the membranes. The amount of ribosomes bound to the membranes increases proportionally to the increase of the ribosome concentration in the reaction mixture. PMID- 6786372 TI - [Metalloproteinase from Bacillus subtilis: - "intracellular" and extracellular enzymes]. AB - "Intracellular" metalloproteinase was purified to homogeneity from Bacillus subtilis 103 crude cell extract, using affinity chromatography on bacitracin Sepharose 4B. The degree of purification and the yield of the enzyme were about 260-fold and 3%, respectively. In its physico-chemical properties and the amino acid composition the enzyme is very similar, if not identical, to the extracellular metalloproteinase isolated from the culture filtrate of the same strain. Extracellular metalloproteinase-deficient mutant strain Bacillus subtilis SMY-512 does not produce the "intracellular" enzyme either. THe activity of "intracellular" metalloproteinase in the periplasmic space of the cells is about 70% of that in the cytoplasm, thus being indicative of a rather regular distribution of the enzyme throughout the cell compartment. PMID- 6786374 TI - [Structural organization of membranes reconstituted from phospholipids and subchromatophore pigment-protein complexes]. AB - Pigment--protein complexes of the P870 reaction centers and complexes of the bacteriochlorophyll light-harvesting antenna were isolated from the chromatophores of the non-sulfur purple bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum by solubilization with detergents. The proteoliposomes containing the reaction centers or reaction centers and the light-harvesting antenna as well as liposomes formed from phospholipids were obtained by a self-assembly procedure using seya bean phospholipids. The freeze-fracture study showed that the proteoliposomes contain a large amount of globular particles. The particles incorporated into the two types of the proteoliposomes were distinguished in size. The globules of the reaction center and antenna complexes were bigger in size than the reaction center globules. The globular structures were not found in the liposomal membranes. The liposomes formed in the absence of the pigment--protein complexes were predominantly the multilamellar vesicles. The proteoliposomes were mostly represented as monolamellar membrane vesicles. The spatial arrangement of the reaction center complexes in the membranes is discussed. PMID- 6786375 TI - [Isolation and characterization of the lytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis 797]. AB - The isolation procedure and some properties of the lytic enzyme produced by Bacillus subtilis 797 and capable of hydrolyzing the E. coli K-12 cells are described. Using hydrophobic chromatography on DNP-hexamethylene diamine Sepharose 4B and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, a highly purified enzyme preparation with mol. weight of 28000, pI 8.2 has been obtained. The amino acid composition of the enzyme has been determined: Asp--37, Thr--17, Ser--34, Glu--15, Pro--14, Gly--17, Ala--36, Val--28, Met--4, Ile--11, Leu--17, Tyr--9, Phe--4, Lys--18, His--5, Arg--4. The enzyme is inhibited by a specific inhibitor of serine proteinases--benzylsulfonylfluoride, and is insensitive to EDTA and iodoacetic acid. The lytic enzyme has a proteolytic activity and splits the peptide substrate of bacterial serine proteinases--p-nitroanilide benzyloxycarbonyl-L-analyl-L-alanyl-L-leucine; the maxima for both activities lie within the pH range of 7.8-8.5. The lytic protease has the highest stability at pH 6-10. In some of its properties the enzyme is similar to serine proteinase from Bac. subtilis, i. e. subtilisins. PMID- 6786376 TI - [Properties of duck ovomucoid purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin Sepharose]. AB - Ovomucoid, a proteinase inhibitor from duck egg protein, was purified by affinity chromatography on trypsin-Sepharose. Isoelectric focusing revealed that the purified protein is represented by one major component with a pI of 3,8. The molecular weight of the inhibitor as determined by the sedimentation equilibrium method is 22 000 plus or minus 1000. One molecule of duck ovomucoid can bind two molecules of trypsin and one molecule of chymotrypsin. Modification of the protein by maleic anhydride showed that both centers responsible for trypsin binding contain lysine residues. PMID- 6786377 TI - [Isolation of DNA-membrane complexes from Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The DNA-membrane complexes were isolated from the membranes of Bacillus subtilis, disrupted by ultrasonication and subjected to chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The membrane-bound fraction of native 3H-DNA was found only in the freshly isolated material. The phospholipid and protein composition of this fraction was determined. It was assumed that the newly synthesized membrane-associated 3H-DNA from Bacillus subtilis is bound to the lipoprotein complexes enriched with phospholipids. PMID- 6786378 TI - [Dependence of the rate of the pentose cycle reactions on the degree of glutathione reduction in erythrocytes]. AB - The stationary dependence of the rate of pentose cycle in erythrocytes measured by CO2 production on the degree of glutathione reduction typical for the pentose cycle was established. The steady-state rate of oxidation from the physiological to maximal values was generated by the addition of tretbutylhydroperoxide, a substrate of the glutathione peroxidase reaction, to erythrocyte suspension at a constant rate. The steady-state rate of CO2 production was correlated with the rates of oxidant addition throughout the experiment. The parameters of the pentose cycle reactions under conditions when the maximal rate of the pentose cycle and glutathione pool (GSH+2 GSSG) are taken for 100%, coincided for all donors tested. The increase in the rate of pentose cycle from 0 to 60% of the maximal one had practically no effect on the concentration of GSH, which was as high as 90% of the overall glutathione pool, thus indicating a high stabilization degree of GSH (stabilization coefficient was about 15). A further increase of the rate up to maximal values resulted in a rapid fall of the GSH level down to 0. The data obtained support the previously described mathematical model for regulation of glutathione metabolism. The GSSG liberation from the erythrocytes was shown to be directly proportional to the stationary intracellular concentration of GSSG; the transport rate constant varied in different donors from 0.15 up to 0.6(-1). The increase of oxidation rates up to maximal values, when GSSG concentration was approximated to the glutathione pool leads to a reversible decrease of GSSG concentration, which destroys the steady-state equilibrium of the pentose cycle. PMID- 6786379 TI - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster: purification and some properties of normal and mutant enzyme forms]. AB - Two isozymes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) (G6PD) of Drosophila melanogaster encoded by allelic genes were purified 3000-fold by biospecific phosphocellulose chromatography, using NADP as the enzyme eluent. Electrophoretically fast isozyme A and slow isozyme B variants prove to contain identical subunits with molecular weight of 54000-55000. G6PD is shown to be a dimer. An antiserum directed to highly purified isozyme A does not inhibit the activity of both isozymes. The mutant forms of G6PD restoring the viability of flies without 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase show drastically increased Km values for NADP and/or glucose-6-phosphate. It was demonstrated for two mutations that a sharp (200-fold) magnification of Km value for the substrate followed by a considerable increase in the enzyme thermostability might not exert any essential influence on the Km value for NADP. PMID- 6786380 TI - [Proteolytic activity of 4 protozoan species]. PMID- 6786381 TI - Variable sensitivity of prepubertal male rats to inhibin-like activity of bull seminal plasma and to testosterone propionate. PMID- 6786382 TI - Mechanism of action of inhibin. PMID- 6786383 TI - Release of LH and FSH by anterior pituitary cell suspensions from female rats during the estrous cycle and from estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats. PMID- 6786384 TI - Possible causes for the calcification of glutaraldehyde-treated tissue heart valves and blood contacting elastomers during prolonged use in medical devices: a physico-chemical view. AB - Calcification of glutaraldehyde-treated porcine tissue heart valves (xenografts) is not a unique phenomenon but characteristic of a variety of synthetic elastomers and to a lesser extent of non-elastomeric polymers. The main commonality between them is their relative flexibility, permeability, and porosity, and differing capability to adsorb and to absorb various blood components. Although the possibility of biochemical factors involving calcium homeostasis and vitamin K-dependent protein carboxylation as recently proposed by others should not be ignored, it should be noted that calcification of synthetic elastomers has been reported with or without continuous anticoagulation with coumarin derivatives. This paper presents a physico-chemical view showing that despite the observed calcifications with a small number of xenograft valves, their otherwise impressive performance in the physiological environment is due to a significant extent to thermodynamic, molecular and supramolecular factors. The longevity of glutaraldehyde-treated tissue valves can be further improved by special methods. Calcification is especially characteristic for flexing and otherwise moving and pulsating surfaces, typical of many experimental circulatory assist devices and artificial hearts intended for long-term uses. PMID- 6786385 TI - [Technology of electrochemical solid-contact catheter sensors and telescope catheter electrode systems for the measurement of Ca++, K+, Na+, Cl-, Urea, pH, O2 and CO2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786386 TI - Tamm-Horsfall protein and erythrocyte ghosts immunologically cross-react. AB - Antisera were raised in the rabbit against human Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and erythrocyte ghosts. They were purified and exhausted with serumalbumin. Using a radioimmunoassay, antisera against THP allowed to detect in erythrocyte ghosts 41 ng of a reaction material per mg membrane protein. Ouchterlony double diffusion technique showed a similar corss-reaction and, conversely, a cross-reaction between THP and antisera to erythrocyte ghosts. These data support the view that red cell membrane contains a compound related to THP. PMID- 6786387 TI - Chemical ionization mass spectra of L-methionine and L-methionine analogs. PMID- 6786388 TI - A chemical ionization gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for octopamine and tyramine in rat brain. AB - A method has been developed for the quantitation of the putative phenolamine neurotransmitter octopamine, and its precursor tyramine, in brain tissue. The procedure employs methane chemical ionization of the pentafluoropropionate derivatives of octopamine and tyramine together with the use of deuterated internal standards and selected ion monitoring. Deuterated analogues of octopamine and tyramine are added to brain homogenates in aqueous perchloric acid and ion exchange is used to isolate the brain amines. The method is capable of measuring 20 pg of octopamine and tyramine. The measured concentration (ng g-1 wet tissue) of octopamine and tyramine in rat brain was as follows: whole brain (less cerebellum) (0.6 and 2.2); hypothalamus (3.2 and tyramine value not statistically significant); striatum (0.5 and 11.8) and cortex (0.6 and 1.0). Administration of pargyline resulted in an increase (around ten-fold) in octopamine and tyramine concentration in all the above brain regions. In contrast alpha-methyltyrosine produced only a small increase (50%) in the concentration of tyramine in the striatum. PMID- 6786389 TI - Concentrations of N-descyclopropylmethylprazepam in whole-blood, plasma, and milk after administration of prazepam to humans. AB - After oral doses of 30 mg of prazepam to humans, N-descyclopropylmethylprazepam (desalkylprazepam, N-desmethyldiazepam) is the only major drug-related compound in plasma. Neither the parent drug, nor its major urinary metabolites were detected in plasma. The overall concentration-time profile of desalkylprazepam in the plasma of females was lower than, and significantly different (p less than 0.001) from that in the plasma of males. However, the mean peak desalkylprazepam concentrations in the plasma of females (265 ng ml-1 +/- 60 S.D.) were not significantly different (p greater than 0.05) from those in males (342 ng ml-1 +/ 60 S.D.). Concentrations declined in the plasma of either sex with similar half lives (mean 60 h, range 37-93 h). Apparent plasma desalkylprazepam clearances were also similar (mean 60 h, range 37-93 h). Apparent plasma desalkylprazepam clearances were also similar (mean 1.09 l h-1), range 0.74-1.84 l h-1). At 12 h after the last of multiple doses of prazepam (60 mg d-1 for 3 days) to lactating women, mean plasma concentrations of desalkylprazepam were 823 ng ml-1 +/- 200 S.D. and declined with a mean half-life of about 60 h over the time-course studied. There was only slight uptake of desalkylprazepam into blood cells; plasma; whole blood concentration ratios were constant at about 1.6. Concentrations of desalkylprazepam in milk were low at about 10 per cent of the corresponding plasma levels (e.g. 86 ng ml-1 +/- 37 S.D. at 12 h). The data suggest that, expressed on a mg kg-1 basis, exposed neonates could receive about 4 per cent of the maternal dose of prazepam as desalkylprazepam. PMID- 6786390 TI - The morphological and biochemical characterization of a line of rat promegakaryoblasts. AB - Biochemical and morphological evidence is presented to support the characterization of a rat bone-marrow-derived cell line (RPM) as an analog of the promegakaryoblast. The conditions for in vitro growth and maturation of the RPM line are described. Rapid proliferation of the RPM line is readily achieved when cultures are supplemented with moderate levels of fetal bovine serum (FBS). The proliferative compartment is a small blast-like cell. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrates that the RPM cells contain factor VIII:antigen and fibrinogen in their cytoplasm. The cells secrete, into their conditioned medium, a potent mitogenic activity for rat aortic smooth muscle cells. When incubated under conditions of relative serum deprivation, the cells stop proliferating and undergo a process of maturation. The sequence of maturation is described as stage I (promegakaryoblast--the proliferative compartment); stage II (immature megakaryocyte or promegakaryocyte); stage III (mature megakaryocyte). The stage III cells release, from their cytoplasm, small membrane-bound vesicular bodies containing lavender granules and cytoplasmic organelles. These have been designated stage IV. The RPM line may provide a useful model for the in vitro study of megakaryocyte maturation and the synthesis of megakaryocyte-specific proteins. PMID- 6786393 TI - Thromboxane synthesis in megakaryocytes isolated by centrifugal elutriation. AB - A systematic approach to the optimization of centrifugal elutriation is described for the purification of rat femoral marrow megakaryocytes, which has permitted the first direct demonstration of thromboxane synthesis in these cells. The rapidity, simplicity, and capacity of this technique has made it possible to process 2 x 10(9) marrow cells in the absence of platelet aggregation inhibitors in 20 min to obtain 10(6) megakaryocytes at a recovery of about 80% with a concentration of up to 282-fold. Incubation of these isolated megakaryocytes with 14C-arachidonic acid and subsequent thin-layer radiochromatography has revealed thromboxane B2 as the major cyclooxygenase pathway metabolite of arachidonic acid in megakaryocytes. PMID- 6786392 TI - Serotherapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia with monoclonal antibody. AB - We tested the efficacy of passive serotherapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in four patients who had relapsed while receiving standard chemotherapeutic agents. Each patient received multiple intravenous infusions of J-5 monoclonal antibody specific for common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA). In the three patients with circulating leukemic cells, there was a rapid decrease in circulating blasts that began immediately after antibody infusion, but not all leukemic cells were cleared, and remaining cells appeared to be resistant to further serotherapy. Although J-5 antibody was also demonstrable on bone marrow lymphoblasts immediately after antibody infusion in one patient, there was no change in bone marrow cellularity or differential during serotherapy. Analysis of the cell surface phenotype of leukemic cells during serotherapy and in vitro studies with patient cells suggests that resistance to serotherapy was mediated in part by antigenic modulation of CALLA in response to J-5 antibody. PMID- 6786391 TI - An analysis of clinical and laboratory features of acute lymphocytic leukemias with emphasis on 35 children with pre-B leukemia. AB - In 35 of 191 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) malignant cells were similar in phenotype to B-lymphocyte precursors. Both these patients' lymphoblasts and normal pre-B-cells contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) mu heavy chains, but have no surface Ig. In patients with pre-B leukemias, lymphoblasts containing cytoplasmic mu chains alone were often accompanied by cells of identical morphology that expressed no Ig and less frequently by lymphoblasts bearing scant amounts of surface mu. This spectrum of cellular Ig expression suggests that "null," pre-B, and intermediate pre-B/B ALLs represent closely related malignancies with complete or partial arrests at different stages of maturation. When pre-B, B, T, and "null" cell categories of ALL were compared for 22 different clinical and laboratory features, including remission rate and short-term remission duration, no statistical differences were observed between the pre-B and "null" groups. These early results suggest that pre-B-cell leukemias represents a relatively good prognostic subclass of ALL, do not require more intensive treatment than that proven to be effective for "null" cell ALL, and should be distinguished from the less common, but more clinically aggressive, B-cell subclass of ALL. Longer follow-up will be required to confirm these preliminary conclusions. PMID- 6786394 TI - Platelet malondialdehyde production and aggregation responses induced by arachidonate, prostaglandin-G2, collagen, and epinephrine in 12 patients with storage pool deficiency. AB - We assessed the integrity of the prostaglandin synthetic pathway by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) production and studied platelet aggregation responses to arachidonic acid and PGG2 in 12 patients with storage pool deficiency (SPD). Eight patients were deficient only in dense granules (delta-SPD) and four were deficient in both dense and alpha-granules (alpha delta-SPD). Production of MDA in response to arachidonic acid (AA), epinephrine, and collagen suggested that the transformation of AA to prostaglandin metabolites was normal in delta-SPD but abnormal in alpha delta-SPD and that the liberation of AA from phospholipids were abnormal in the majority of patients with SPD. Since the content of secretable adenosine diphosphate (ADP) is diminished in SPD platelets, the aggregation responses of these platelets to AA and PGG2 were studied to help answer the question whether these agents aggregate platelets directly or through release of endogenous ADP. Among patients with delta-SPD, aggregation by both AA and PGG2 was decreased in four albinos whose platelets were markedly deficient in ADP. In contrast, normal, or less strikingly abnormal, responses were observed in patients whose platelets either contained higher levels of platelet ADP or showed increased sensitivity to ADP. The more marked impaired responses to AA and PGG2 in patients with alpha delta-SPD suggest that substances derived from alpha granules may also play a role in platelet aggregation by these agents. The aggregation responses in these patients with various types of SPD is consistent with a theory that granule-derived ADP mediates platelet aggregation by AA and PGG2. PMID- 6786395 TI - In vivo effects of murine hybridoma monoclonal antibody in a patient with T-cell leukemia. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody directed against a normal T-cell differentiation antigen was given to a patient with adult T-cell leukemia. Immunofluorescence staining showed increased amounts of this antigen on the patient's leukemia cells. Using a competition radioimmunoassay, free antigen was not detectable in the serum prior to therapy. Two courses of in vivo therapy were given using a 1 mg dose. Each produced a prompt and dramatic fall in WBC with return to pretreatment levels over the ensuing 24 hr, a pattern similar to that seen with leukopheresis. After the first dose of antibody, circulating free antigen became detectable in the serum and a transient decline in creatinine clearance was noted. A 5-mg dose of antibody given at that time was ineffective, presumably because it was blocked by free antigen. Antigenic modulation by leukemia cells was found transiently following each course of antibody. A weak and clinically insignificant host antimouse antibody response was found 5 days after the first treatment. The patient tolerated antibody therapy without difficulty. Monoclonal antibodies offer promise as an immunotherapeutic approach to cancer but problems encountered here must be addressed. PMID- 6786396 TI - [Erythrocyte antibodies in immunoglobulin preparations]. PMID- 6786397 TI - A rapid toxicity test using Pseudomonas fluorescens. PMID- 6786398 TI - PCB residues in feedlot steers. PMID- 6786399 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in the toxic rice bran oil that caused PCB poisoning in Taichung. PMID- 6786400 TI - Monitoring of DDT, PCBs, and other organochlorine compounds in marine organisms from the North Aegean sea. PMID- 6786401 TI - Effect of o-chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile (CS) on humoral immune response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in mice. PMID- 6786402 TI - Neurofibromata of clitoris and labium majus simulating a penis and testicle. AB - A case report is presented of a circumscribed neurofibroma in the external genitalia of a young girl which gave the impression of a phallus and a labioscrotal gonad. There was a large care-au-lait spot on the lower abdomen. An acute anxiety state developed which, together with the genital abnormality was corrected by clitoral and labial reduction. PMID- 6786404 TI - The beneficial actions of bepridil in acute myocardial infarction in anaesthetized dogs. AB - 1 When administered intravenously shortly before acute coronary ligation in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose, bepridil (5 mg/kg) produced immediate and transient falls in coronary and systemic vascular resistance which were accompanied by marked decreases in myocardial oxygen extraction. These effects were followed by sustained decreases in heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption. 2 This dose of bepridil reduced the number of premature ventricular beats and abolished fibrillation induced by coronary artery ligation without modifying the haemodynamic or metabolic consequences (lactate production) of myocardial ischaemia. 3 When administered 1.5-2 h after ligation, bepridil did not compromise the critical perfusion of the acutely ischaemic zone but reduced the lactate production and ST-segment elevation in the ischaemic zone. 4 These results suggest that bepridil may be a useful drug in the chronic treatment of angina pectoris and in this respect may possess advantages over beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. PMID- 6786406 TI - Improved radiotherapeutic technique for prophylaxis of the central nervous system in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6786403 TI - Antifibrillatory efficacy of encainide, loracainide and ORG 6001 compared with lignocaine in isolated hearts of rabbits and guinea-pigs. AB - 1 In Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts, electrical stimulation threshold and ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) were measured by applying rectangular impulses of 3 ms duration and increasing current at frequencies of 4 and 20 Hz respectively. 2 Perfusion with lignocaine or one of three new antiarrhythmic drugs, encainide, lorcainide and ORG 6001, produced significant, dose-dependent increases in both thresholds. 3 On a dosage basis, encainide was seven times, lorcainide fourteen times and ORG 6001 twice as potent as lignocaine in raising VFT. 4 In Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig hearts, only lorcainide provided complete protection against ouabain-induced ventricular fibrillation, while 6 of 6, 3 of 6 and 2 of 6 hearts fibrillated in the presence of encainide, lignocaine and ORG 6001 respectively, but with infusion durations significantly higher than control. 5 These results indicate the potential antifibrillatory activity of these new antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 6786405 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of endotoxin on prostaglandin release from rat lung. AB - 1 The release of prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TxA2) from rat lung exposed to E. coli endotoxin, in vivo or in vitro has been studied. 2 Lung strips of endotoxin-treated rats demonstrated a preferential increase of TxA2 and PGF2 alpha and a decrease in the ratio PGI2/TxA2. 3 These data suggest that changes in the proportions of arachidonic acid metabolites might play a role in the pulmonary pathophysiology during endotoxin shock. 4 Incubation of lung strips with endotoxin in vitro failed to stimulate prostaglandin release; paradoxically, it suppressed both the spontaneous and the ionophore-induced prostaglandin release. 5 These findings suggest that the increase in prostaglandin release by the lung following endotoxin administration in vivo is probably mediated by factor(s) generated in endotoxaemia and is not due to a direct action of endotoxin on the lung tissue. PMID- 6786407 TI - An unusual case of neurofibromatosis: cystic bone lesions and coarctation of the aortic arch. PMID- 6786408 TI - Leri's pleonosteosis. PMID- 6786409 TI - Primary neoplasm in vesical diverticula. A report of 12 cases. AB - Twelve patients with primary carcinoma arising in a vesical diverticulum are presented. Treatment included diverticulectomy with or without post-operative irradiation and transurethral resection. Recurrences were detected in 6 patients and the disease-free survival rate was 8%. PMID- 6786410 TI - A case of heterotrophic ossification of bladder. PMID- 6786411 TI - Aspergillus flavus in prostatic fluid. PMID- 6786412 TI - A comparison of two methods of whole gut lavage for colonoscopy. AB - Two forms of bowel preparation for colonoscopy were compared--19 patients were given 5 per cent mannitol solution orally while a further 19 were infused with isotonic saline via a nasogastric tube. Both methods proved equally acceptable to the patients and endoscopists. Saline led to a rise in body weight (+0.75 +/- 0.35 kg) and blood pressure (+7.5 +/- 2.8 mmHg) while mannitol caused a significant fall in both body weight (-0.74 +/- 0.28 kg) and blood pressure (-3.8 +/- 2.9 mmHg). Plasma volume measurements were carried out on 17 patients; 8 receiving saline showed a rise (+0.22 +/- 0.08 l) while 9 taking mannitol experienced a fall (-0.17 +/- 0.08 l). Twelve further subjects prepared with a combination 10 per cent mannitol and isotonic saline showed a small fall in plasma volume (-0.08 +/- 0.05 l). Mannitol proved an acceptable preparation for colonoscopies but a fall in body weight, blood pressure and plasma volume posed a small risk to the elderly subject and in view of the known risks of mannitol during diathermy this form of preparation was not considered a suitable alternative to isotonic saline. PMID- 6786413 TI - No place like home? PMID- 6786415 TI - Why not vaccinate against malaria? PMID- 6786414 TI - Inhaled foreign bodies. PMID- 6786416 TI - Doctor's pay. PMID- 6786417 TI - Factor VIII complex in uraemia and effects of haemodialysis. AB - Levels of the factor VIII complex were found to be raised in patients with chronic renal failure and further raised by regular dialysis. Increased fibrinogen concentrations were also found. These results suggest the existence of a prothrombotic state in uraemia that is exacerbated by haemodialysis. Ristocetin induced platelet agglutination, however, was depressed in uraemia and worsened by dialysis. This defect may be transferred to normal platelets from dialysed uraemic plasma, suggesting the existence of an inhibitor of the interaction between factor VIII and platelet glycoprotein. These results may help to explain the anomaly of a prolonged bleeding time together with accelerated atherogenesis that is found in patients with uraemia receiving dialysis. PMID- 6786419 TI - Chromosomal abnormalities in ascitic fluid from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Cytology and cytogenetics were used to study ascitic fluid obtained from five patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Cytological examination showed that all fluids contained numerous mesothelial cells and some leucocytes. Cytogenetic analysis showed abnormal karyotypes in cultured cells from all five patients and in uncultured cells from three. A consistent abnormality was the presence of spreads with over 70 chromosomes. Clones of abnormal cells, with marker chromosomes, pseudodiploidy, or aneuploidy, in an effusion are characteristic of malignancy; the abnormal karyotypes fulfilled these criteria. This finding of abnormal karyotypes indicates that transformation of the mesothelium can occur in vivo, and such a reaction may be a reflection of the mutagenic effect of alcohol. PMID- 6786418 TI - Metabolic studies in unaffected co-twins of non-insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Forty-eight out of 53 non-insulin-dependent diabetic identical twin pairs were concordant for diabetes. In the five discordant pairs the diabetic twin had only recently been diagnosed. Oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on the unaffected twins of the five pairs and on matched controls. Fasting concentrations of blood glucose (5.5 +/- 0.6 v 3.7 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; 99.1 +/- 10.8 v 66.6 +/- 5.4 mg/100 ml), haemoglobin A1 (mean 9.1%, range 8.8-9.2% v mean 7.9%, range 7.4-8.4%), lactate, alanine, and glycerol (0.090 +/- 0.017 v 0.045 +/- 0.008 mmol/l); and the lactate: pyruvate ratio were significantly higher in the twins than controls. After glucose challenge blood glucose, lactate, alanine, and glycerol concentrations and lactate: pyruvate ratio were increased in the twins. Insulin response was severely impaired, being almost absent in four of the five twins. The non-diabetic members of the discordant non-insulin-dependent diabetic pairs showed noticeable metabolic abnormalities which would later presumably deteriorate to frank diabetes. These findings, taken with the high concordance rate for non-insulin-dependent diabetic twins, suggest that non-insulin-dependent diabetes is predominantly, possibly entirely, inherited. PMID- 6786420 TI - Smoking in pregnancy: associations with skinfold thickness, maternal weight gain, and fetal size at birth. AB - Skinfold thickness is an index of subcutaneous fat, and certain maternal conditions during pregnancy affect the skinfold thicknesses of the baby. A study was performed to investigate the effect of smoking on skinfold thickness, maternal weight gain, and fetal size at birth. A total of 452 mothers with normal singleton pregnancies were groups as: non-smokers, light-to-moderate smokers, or heavy smokers. Maternal age, height, parity, and duration of pregnancy were similar in the three groups. Heavy smokers gained significantly less weight than non-smokers, but there was no significant difference in skinfold thickness. Babies born to smokers had lower birth weights and smaller head circumferences and were shorter than those born to non-smokers, but skinfold thicknesses were similar. The presence of a normal layer of subcutaneous fat in babies whose mothers smoked suggests that fetal growth retardation is not caused by nutritional deficiencies. PMID- 6786421 TI - Arteritis of the arms. PMID- 6786422 TI - Collapsible washing lines: a strangulation hazard. PMID- 6786423 TI - Immune complex detection in arterial and venous blood: a preliminary study. PMID- 6786424 TI - Giant-cell arteritis mimicking carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6786425 TI - Hepatitis A in homosexuals. PMID- 6786426 TI - Proprietary depigmenting cream used wrongly for lentigo maligna. PMID- 6786427 TI - Plasmapheresis in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in children. PMID- 6786428 TI - Development of insulin-dependent diabetes in adult-onset hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 6786429 TI - Sex problems in practice. Training and referral. Institute of Psychosexual Medicine, Margaret Pyke Centre, and Brook Advisory Centres. PMID- 6786430 TI - Repeat prescribing for elderly patients. PMID- 6786431 TI - General practitioner at the Olympic Games. PMID- 6786432 TI - Study of the management of suspected cardiac infarction by British immediate care doctors. AB - A study of the management by immediate care general practitioners of 511 patients suspected of suffering from acute myocardial infarction showed that the median time of arrival after the onset of chest pains was 60.2 minutes. One hundred and eleven patients died of cardiac infarction within 48 hours of the onset of chest pain; 23 died in the presence of the general practitioner. PMID- 6786433 TI - Routine neonatal screening for phenylketonuria in the United Kingdom 1964-78. Medical Research Council Steering Committee for the MRC/DHSS Phenylketonuria Register. AB - From 1964 to 1968, despite a general policy of routine neonatal screening for phenylketonuria that was usually carried out using the Phenistix nappy test, half to one-quarter of all cases reported to the register had been missed in the screening programme and had not been detected before the age of 4 months. In about two-thirds of the "missed" cases no screening test had been carried out, and in one-third a urine test had been performed but had given a false-negative result. In 1968-9 the screening programme was reorganised according to recommendations made in a Government circular (HM (69) 72), which proposed that a specimen of blood should be obtained by heel prick from all newborn infants between the 6th and 14th day of life and be tested in a central laboratory for the presence of raised blood phenylalanine concentrations. The senior medical officers of the various regions were made responsible for ensuring that all infants were tested. By 1974 only 1 to 2% of surviving infants were not being tested for phenylketonuria in the neonatal period, and only five of the 357 cases born between 1974 and 1978 and notified to the register had been diagnosed after the age of 3 months. PMID- 6786434 TI - "All for health and health for all": a study of basic health care in Peru. PMID- 6786436 TI - Rectal examination and acid phosphatase. PMID- 6786435 TI - Statistics in question. Assessing clinical trials--trial size. PMID- 6786437 TI - Antacids for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6786438 TI - Drug-induced oesophageal ulceration. PMID- 6786440 TI - Pindolol in orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 6786439 TI - Hydrallazine-induced necrotising vasculitis. PMID- 6786441 TI - Pindolol in orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 6786442 TI - Heat stroke and community runs. PMID- 6786443 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection in alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6786444 TI - Brucellosis. PMID- 6786445 TI - Assessing elderly incontinent patients. PMID- 6786446 TI - Asbestos fibres and the environment. PMID- 6786447 TI - Plasma protein binding of drugs. PMID- 6786448 TI - Inequalities in health. PMID- 6786449 TI - Patient's suicide bid: hospital not liable. PMID- 6786450 TI - After gastrectomy. PMID- 6786451 TI - Adult polycystic disease of the kidneys. PMID- 6786452 TI - Another look at zinc. PMID- 6786453 TI - Dysmorphophobia and the search for cosmetic surgery. PMID- 6786454 TI - Oesophageal motility in the irritable bowel syndrome. AB - Oesophageal motility was assessed in 30 patients with the irritable bowel syndrome and controls matched for age and sex. Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure was significantly lower in the patients than their controls (mean pressures 13.8 and 23.8 cm H2O respectively), and the same degree of difference between patients and controls was maintained in all age groups. In addition, spontaneous activity, repetitive contractions, and the presence of variable amplitude and simultaneous waves were significantly more common in the patients, who were also more likely to have more than one abnormal pattern of motility. There was no difference in upper oesophageal sphincter pressure between the two groups. These findings may help to explain why patients with the irritable bowel syndrome may complain of upper gastrointestinal symptoms, including heartburn and dysphagia. The results suggest that the syndrome may be a more widespread disorder of smooth muscle, or its innervation, than was previously thought. PMID- 6786455 TI - Clinical and urodynamic studies in 100 elderly incontinent patients. AB - Clinical details were noted and urodynamic studies carried out on 100 elderly patients referred to an incontinence clinic, of whom 48 attended as day patients. Thirty patients had no problem apart from their incontinence, and only 38 had a clinically detectable neurological lesion. The average mental orientation score in 48 of the patients was 7.6, 23 patients scoring the top score of 10. Most patients were mobile without assistance from another person. Patients could be placed into one of four diagnostic groups according to the appearance of the cystometric tracings, but no bladder capacity or pressure was characteristic of any group. The maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length were similar for each group within each sex. There was no correlation between clinical and urodynamic findings, yet each of the four diagnostic categories have different therapeutic implications. It is concluded that urodynamic investigation is necessary in elderly incontinent patients before treatment. PMID- 6786456 TI - Endoscopic sphincterotomy before pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary carcinoma. AB - Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains the operation of choice for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, but the presence of severe jaundice in almost all patients with ampullary neoplasia is a major contributory factor to the high incidence of complications and hospital mortality after the operation. To achieve biliary decompression in five patients endoscopic sphincterectomy was performed at the time of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The procedure was successful in achieving biliary drainage in all cases and was without appreciable morbidity. All five patients subsequently underwent identical resections, the interval to operation being decided by the speed of resolution of the jaundice; minor pancreatic leaks in two patients were the only complications. None of the patients died. These results suggest, therefore, that endoscopic sphincterotomy should be performed at the time of duodenoscopy if an obstructive ampullary tumour is found. PMID- 6786457 TI - Five year follow-up of effects of treatment of mild and moderate hypertension. AB - A five-year follow-up study of the effects of treating patients with both mild and moderate hypertension was performed. The patients were identified during a hospital-based community survey of hypertension. A total of 961 patients were divided into four groups. The first group, the controls, were age- and sex matched normotensive subjects selected sequentially from the same survey. The second group were patients defined as well-controlled hypertensives; the third group were patients whose blood pressures were less well-controlled; and the fourth group consisted of patients who, for various reasons, were not treated and as such acted as an untreated control group. Both mortality and morbidity were considerably greater in the untreated patients than in the normal subjects. The well-controlled hypertensive patients showed no difference in either morbidity or mortality from normal subjects. The less well-controlled patients had a significantly greater cardiovascular morbidity but no excess mortality over groups 1 and 2. This was true for both mild and moderate hypertension and for women as well as men. These findings therefore confirm the conclusions of other recent studies that good control of hypertension at all levels and in both sexes is justified by the reduction in morbidity and that even less than excellent control is of considerable benefit. PMID- 6786458 TI - Inheritance of abnormal erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension. AB - Net fluxes of sodium and potassium ions were determined in sodium-loaded, potassium-depleted erythrocytes from 370 white subjects, 194 of whom had essential hypertension or had been born to parents with essential hypertension. Findings were compared with those in 86 controls who were normotensive and did not have a family history of hypertension. Compared with controls all patients with essential hypertension had a low sodium to potassium ratio secondary to a deficit in the sodium-potassium cotransport system. A similar abnormality was found in subjects born to parents with essential hypertension, the prevalences of a deficient cotransport system in such subjects being 53.6% (52 out of 97) among those with one hypertensive parent and 73.7% (14 out of 19) among those with two hypertensive parents. Both sexes were equally affected. Studies in 14 families over two or three generations showed the erythrocyte cation abnormality in one or more members of each consecutive generation. No close association was evident between the deficient erythrocyte sodium-potassium cotransport system and either blood groups ABO, Rh, Kidd, Duffy, P, and MNS or the major histocompatibility HLA antigens. Out of 90 consecutive unrelated and normotensive white blood donors, 36 showed a low erythrocyte sodium-potassium net flux ratio. It is concluded that in white people abnormal erythrocyte cation transport is a biochemical disorder characteristic of essential hypertension and transmitted by a dominant and autosomal mode expressing a single abnormal gene. PMID- 6786459 TI - Atypical case of alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. PMID- 6786460 TI - Remission of primary pulmonary hypertension during treatment with diazoxide. PMID- 6786461 TI - Reversible myoclonus with uraemia. PMID- 6786462 TI - Ruptured popliteal cyst and pyogenic arthritis. PMID- 6786463 TI - Acquired alpha 2 antiplasmin deficiency in glomerular proteinuria. PMID- 6786464 TI - Hydralazine-induced necrotising vasculitis. PMID- 6786466 TI - General practitioner in the media. PMID- 6786465 TI - Diagnosis of aortic aneurysm using autologous platelets labelled with indium-111. PMID- 6786467 TI - Simple sex problems. PMID- 6786468 TI - Medical records. III-Improving records in a group practice. PMID- 6786469 TI - Audit at work. In lincolnshire. PMID- 6786470 TI - Postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reactions in general practice. I: search for new methods. AB - Spontaneous reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions through the yellow card system provides an effective means of early warning of potentially serious drug effects but occasionally fails because of under-reporting. Since more than 80% of medicines are prescribed by general practitioners we look to them to support new methods of postmarketing surveillance. No single method will be appropriate for all drugs, and yellow cards will always be required to detect rare events. It is proposed that adverse events experienced by the first 10 000 patients who receive certain new medicines should be recorded and transmitted to a monitoring centre and that a realistic target, which should be reached early in the market life of a new medicine, is the detection of any adverse event that occurs in more than in 1000 patients. PMID- 6786471 TI - Overseas doctors: working, training, and failing in Britain. PMID- 6786472 TI - Coping with the arthritic patient. PMID- 6786473 TI - Injuries and foreign bodies. PMID- 6786474 TI - Do women develop alcoholic liver disease more readily than men? AB - The sudden increase in alcoholic liver disease among women in the past 10 years has caused much speculation that they may be more susceptible to the hepatotoxic effects of alcohol than men. Women tend to present with more severe liver disease, particularly alcoholic hepatitis, and do so after a shorter period of excessive drinking and at a lower daily alcohol intake. Differences in body size and composition are partly responsible for the greater susceptibility of women, but differences in immune reactivity between the sexes may also play a part. Greater emphasis must be placed on designing abstinence programmes specifically for female patients, on earlier detection of liver disease, and on educating women about hazardous drinking levels. PMID- 6786475 TI - Secondary prevention in survivors of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6786476 TI - Do fetal movements reflect fetal wellbeing? PMID- 6786477 TI - Comparison of neonatal management methods for very low birthweight babies. PMID- 6786478 TI - Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers hae a higher risk of lung cancer. PMID- 6786479 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6786480 TI - Aspirin and the stomach. PMID- 6786481 TI - Status epilepticus treated by barbiturate anaesthesia. PMID- 6786482 TI - Drugs for breast pain. PMID- 6786483 TI - Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome. PMID- 6786484 TI - Prostaglandin abortions: nurses' action legitimate. PMID- 6786486 TI - Immersion or drowning? PMID- 6786485 TI - Prolonged disease-free survival in diabetics. PMID- 6786487 TI - Occupational disease and the kidney. PMID- 6786488 TI - Physical methods of prophylaxis against venous thrombosis. PMID- 6786489 TI - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6786490 TI - Pathologists and head injuries. PMID- 6786491 TI - Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects. AB - Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD), 24,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (24,25-(OH)2D), and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D) were measured at monthly intervals throughout the year in eight normal subjects. 25-OHD was measured by competitive protein-binding assay after Sephadex LH 20 chromatography, 24,25-(OH)2D by competitive protein-binding assay after Sephadex LH 20 and high-pressure chromatography, and 1,25-(OH)2D by radioimmunoassay after the same separation procedure as for 24,25-(OH)2D. A seasonal variation, apparently dependent on exposure to ultraviolet light, was found for all three metabolites. A study in six other normal subjects showed that there was no diurnal rhythm in any of the metabolites. Oral administration of 2 microgram 1,25-(OH)2D caused a sharp rise in serum concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and no change in the concentrations of the two other metabolites, but by 12 hours the 1,25-(OH)2D concentration had returned to the basal value. The concentrations of all three metabolites studied vary according to the season. Thus to interpret these concentrations in any subject the normal range for the particular season must be referred to. PMID- 6786492 TI - Glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations in mothers of large babies. AB - Mothers who have big babies may have had abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) concentrations were measured on the first or second day after delivery in 50 women who had had babies weighing over the 95th centile for gestational age and in 50 women who had had normal-sized babies (controls). Nine of the mothers of big babies but only one of the controls had an HbA1 concentration above the normal range. All the women had normal glucose tolerance and HbA1 concentrations six weeks after delivery. Measuring HbA1 concentration in the first two days after delivery in mothers of large babies may identify gestational diabetics. PMID- 6786493 TI - Seatone is ineffective in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6786494 TI - Systemic side effects with eye drops. PMID- 6786495 TI - Tetracycline-induced oesophageal ulceration. PMID- 6786496 TI - Severe hypoglycaemia during physical exercise and treatment with beta-blockers. PMID- 6786497 TI - Educational value of printed information for patients with hypertension. PMID- 6786498 TI - Biphasic sulphinpyrazone-warfarin interaction. PMID- 6786499 TI - Acute ulceration of ileal stoma due to Campylobacter fetus subspecies jejuni. PMID- 6786500 TI - Medical records. V: A 4 record system and all that. PMID- 6786501 TI - Lessons from Canada. PMID- 6786502 TI - 102 886 treatment-room procedures: implications for nurse training and item-of service payments. PMID- 6786503 TI - Presentation and analysis of the results of clinical trials in cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6786504 TI - Milk-borne campylobacter infection. AB - The common factor in 13 recent outbreaks of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis was the consumption of unpasteurised or incompletely pasteurised milk. C jejuni is a common commensal in the alimentary tract of milking cows, but it is not clear how the milk becomes contaminated with the organism. Pasteurisation will readily eliminate the organism from milk. In England and Wales 3% of milk retailed is still unpasteurised, and in the light of these findings it is suggested that only pasteurised milk should be sold to the public. PMID- 6786505 TI - Understanding schizophrenics. PMID- 6786506 TI - Rectal examination and acid phosphatase: evidence for persistence of a myth. PMID- 6786507 TI - Management of hypertension in general practice. PMID- 6786508 TI - Breast cancer: a case for conservation. PMID- 6786509 TI - Passive smoking and lung cancer. PMID- 6786510 TI - Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome. PMID- 6786511 TI - Comparison of oestradiol and prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the unfavourable cervix. PMID- 6786512 TI - Algorithmic method for assessing urinary incontinence in elderly women. PMID- 6786513 TI - Urodynamic studies in elderly incontinent patients. PMID- 6786514 TI - Prostaglandins in vascular disease. PMID- 6786515 TI - Patient-controlled dose regimen of methadone for chronic cancer pain. PMID- 6786516 TI - Postoperative analgesia--a comparison of two methods of administering morphine. PMID- 6786517 TI - Prescribing clindamycin. PMID- 6786518 TI - Prostaglandins in obstetrics. PMID- 6786519 TI - Management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 6786520 TI - Bone-marrow aspiration. PMID- 6786521 TI - Chondromalacia patellae. PMID- 6786522 TI - Scleroderma in the elderly. PMID- 6786523 TI - The psychiatrically violent patient. PMID- 6786524 TI - Adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6786525 TI - Hazards of improvised toys. PMID- 6786526 TI - Libel damages against "World Medicine". PMID- 6786528 TI - Ethnic factors in disease. PMID- 6786527 TI - Antacids for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6786529 TI - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6786530 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6786531 TI - Diagnosis of ascites. PMID- 6786532 TI - The future of cardiology. PMID- 6786533 TI - Comparison of simple screening tests for fat malabsorption. AB - Three tests were evaluated as screening procedures for fat malabsorption--namely, measurement of serum optical density, serum triglyceride concentration, and 14CO2 breath excretion after the administration of a 60 g fat meal containing 10 muCi glycerol tri[1-14C]oleate. The results of these tests were compared with fat excreted in a three-day faecal collection after adjustment for completeness of collection as assessed by using non-absorbable radio-opaque markers. Fifty-two patients with various symptoms and eight normal subjects were studied. The maximum increase in serum optical density or triglyceride concentration above the fasting value discriminated poorly between subjects with normal and increased adjusted faecal fat excretion. In contrast, seven- or eight-hour cumulative 14CO2 breath excretion provided good discrimination with only four (7%) false-positive and no false-negative results. The simplicity and convenience of breath analysis make it an attractive alternative to analysis of faecal fat excretion in screening for fat malabsorption. PMID- 6786534 TI - Serological diagnosis of typhoid fever by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - The sensitivity and specificity of counterimmunoelectrophoresis using three antigenic preparations obtained from Salmonella typhi were compared with those of the Widal test in the serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. A veronal buffer extract yielded precipitation lines against 50 (96%) out of 52 sera collected from patients with typhoid but against none out of 62 sera obtained from control subjects who did not have typhoid. Less satisfactory results were obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis when two other preparations, a protein extract (Barber antigen) and an ultrasonic lysate, were used as the antigens. By Widal test the rate of detection in patients' sera was 73% and the false-positive rate for control sera 16%. It is concluded that in an area where typhoid is endemic counterimmunoelectrophoresis using veronal buffer extract as the antigen is superior to the Widal test for serological diagnosis of typhoid fever. An additional advantage of counterimmunoelectrophoresis is that results may be obtained on the same day that the serum specimens are received. PMID- 6786535 TI - Coagulation inhibitor in hypothyroidism. AB - A patient was referred for investigation of heavy bleeding after surgery. He showed several features of hypothyroidism but no goitre. Primary autoimmune hypothyroidism was confirmed by the finding of a low serum thyroxine concentration and a high thyrotropin concentration. Factor VIII concentration was low, and a mild coagulation inhibitor was found. The patient was treated with thyroxine and returned to normal health within a few months. The inhibitor found in this patient may have been specific for factor VIII, but the presence of coagulation inhibitors should be considered in patients with hypothyroidism. PMID- 6786536 TI - Double-blind randomised controlled trial of folate treatment before conception to prevent recurrence of neural-tube defects. AB - A randomized controlled double-blind trial was undertaken in south Wales to prevent the recurrence of neural-tube defects in women who had had one child with a neural-tube defect. Sixty women were allocated before conception to take 4 mg of folic acid a day before and during early pregnancy and 44 complied with these instructions. Fifty-one women were allocated to placebo treatment. There were no recurrences among the compliant mothers but two among the non-compliers and four among the women in the placebo group. Thus there were no recurrences among those who received supplementation and six among those who did not; this difference is significant (p = 0.04). It is concluded that folic acid supplementation might be a cheap, safe, and effective method of primary prevention of neural-tube defects but that this must be confirmed in a large, multicentre trial. PMID- 6786537 TI - Cimetidine interaction with phenytoin. PMID- 6786538 TI - Late benign intrathoracic gastric perforation after oesophagectomy for carcinoma. PMID- 6786539 TI - Diphtheroid endocarditis after electrolysis. PMID- 6786540 TI - Oral or parenteral iron treatment in chronic ulcerative colitis? PMID- 6786541 TI - Liver and spleen candidiasis: imaging and verification by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. PMID- 6786542 TI - Hypokalaemia due to salbutamol overdosage. PMID- 6786543 TI - Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man. PMID- 6786544 TI - Prescription medicines. PMID- 6786545 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Waterlooville. PMID- 6786546 TI - Premature ejaculation. PMID- 6786547 TI - Profiles of practices. No two alike. PMID- 6786548 TI - A five-day ward as part of a comprehensive surgical service. AB - The role of a five-day ward was examined as part of an audit of the work of a general surgical unit. The four levels of care for elective operations were main ward, five-day ward, major day care, and minor day care. In a prospective study 2000 consecutive patients were followed through their hospital courses from the first referral to the surgical clinic to the postoperative follow-up visit. The aim was to measure the surgical needs of this population and to determine the rates of success or failure in carrying through the planned care. One thousand and forty-five (52%) of the referred patients were put on waiting lists, and of these, 975 (93%) completed their hospital course within the two years of the study. The surgeons chose five-day ward care for 28% of the patients, major and minor day care for 8% and 33% respectively, leaving only 30% who were judged to require care in the main ward. Selections were validated by postoperative interview, which showed that 82% had followed the expected hospital course, and by monitoring deviations from planned care. Four per cent of the five-day ward patients required transfer to the main ward and 3.3% required readmission. Patients managed in the five-day ward were on average younger and the conditions less urgent than those in the main ward. We conclude that a five-day ward can fulfil a large and important part of a general surgical service provided that its function is closely integrated with other parts of the service and that patients are accurately assessed in the outpatient clinic. PMID- 6786549 TI - Psychogeriatrics: a national survey of a new branch of psychiatry. AB - A national survey of "psychogeriatricians" showed that of a "core group" of 106, 39 were working full-time with the elderly, 52 more than half-time, and a further 15 were running clearly defined psychogeriatric services. Adding late responders, non-responders about whom firm information was available, and people taking up new posts, it is estimated that at the end of 1980 at least 120 consultant psychiatrists were providing special psychiatric services for the elderly. The "core" psychiatrists were working in 87 "major services," 64 singlehanded and 23 joint. More than half the respondents had started this work only in the past five years. This is thus a very new major development in the NHS and in British psychiatry. Proper training, planning, allocation of resources, and monitoring of performance, all of which are still deficient, might be facilitated by formal definition of a new sub-speciality in psychiatry; at the very least, local and national data should be routinely collected in a way that ensures adequate monitoring. PMID- 6786550 TI - Product liability all dressed up American style. PMID- 6786551 TI - Heat stroke and community runs. PMID- 6786553 TI - Duodenal ulceration--is endoscopic biopsy necessary? PMID- 6786554 TI - Haemorrhage from gastric artery aneurysms. PMID- 6786552 TI - Does cimetidine cause gastric cancer? PMID- 6786555 TI - Paracetamol-induced hepatic failure. PMID- 6786556 TI - Fetal macrosomia and maternal diabetic control. PMID- 6786557 TI - Electric convulsion therapy in depression: a double-blind controlled trial. PMID- 6786558 TI - Febrile convulsions: long-term treatment. PMID- 6786559 TI - Risks from cannulae used to maintain intravenous access. PMID- 6786560 TI - Health effects of cadmium. PMID- 6786561 TI - Observations on SHAPE--Scottish priorities for the 'eighties. PMID- 6786562 TI - Breast cancer: a case for conservation. PMID- 6786563 TI - Pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6786564 TI - Late consequences of abortion. PMID- 6786565 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy after infectious mononucleosis. AB - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy occurred in a 46-year-old man 16 months after an episode of infectious mononucleosis induced by Epstein-Barr (EB) virus. The features of infectious mononucleosis included fever, pharyngitis, lymph gland enlargement, hepatosplenomegaly, hyperbasophilic mononuclear cells, and IgM antibodies to EB virus, although heterophile antibodies were not detected. The illness was severe and prolonged and included an asymptomatic measles virus infection. Over a year later massive enlargement of the lymph nodes led to a biopsy, which showed a diffuse infiltration with lymphoid cells and a proliferation of arborising small vessels typical of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. In spite of corticosteroids, levamisole, chlorambucil, and radiotherapy, no remission occurred, and serious infections led to death 18 months after the onset. Viral infections with EB virus and measles virus associated with pre-existing or subsequent immunological changes probably resulted in the appearance of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6786566 TI - Analgesic effects of branding in treatment of headaches. AB - The effect of branding--that is, the labelling and marketing--of a well-known proprietary analgesic used to treat headaches was studied in a sample of women given a branded or unbranded form with either an inert or an active formulation. The sample was also divided according to whether the subjects were regular users of the brand or users of other brands. The findings showed that branded tablets were overall significantly more effective than unbranded tablets in relieving headaches. Differential effects were observed: the effects of branding were more noticeable one hour after the tablets were taken compared with 30 minutes; in the women given the placebo; and in the users of the brand compared with the users of other brands. It is hypothesised that these effects are due to increased confidence in obtaining relief with a well-known brand, and that branding has an analgesic effect that interacts with the analgesic effects of placebos and active ingredients. PMID- 6786568 TI - Do patients receiving haemodialysis need folic acid supplements? PMID- 6786567 TI - Electrocardiographic signs of pulmonary hypertension in children who snore. AB - Two children presented with sleep disturbances due to enlarged tonsils and adenoids. One child died during induction of anaesthesia, and postmortem examination showed hypertrophy of the right ventricle and atrium. As a result a prospective survey was carried out of children undergoing tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy, or both. During a nine-month period an electrocardiogram was taken in 92 children. Three electrocardiograms (3.3%) showed evidence of right heart strain. The children with abnormal electrocardiograms had symptoms of sleep disturbance with apnoea, snoring, and daytime somnolence. These symptoms and the electrocardiographic changes were reserved by adenotonsillectomy. The prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in children with enlarged tonsils and adenoids is still underestimated. When signs and symptoms of sleep disturbance, particularly snoring, are present an electrocardiogram should be obtained and a cardiologist's opinion sought before embarking on routine surgery in view of the potentially fatal consequences. PMID- 6786569 TI - Hypothermia and hypotension in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6786570 TI - Transcervical thymectomy and thymus remnants. PMID- 6786571 TI - Infective dose of Campylobacter jejuni in milk. PMID- 6786572 TI - Spinal meningioma presenting as focal epilepsy: a case report. PMID- 6786573 TI - Postoperative legionella pneumonia diagnosed by percutaneous lung aspiration. PMID- 6786574 TI - Calcium and calciferol antagonise effect of verapamil in atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6786575 TI - Fatal fat embolism after minor trauma. PMID- 6786576 TI - Law and the general practitioner: appearing in court. PMID- 6786577 TI - Sex problems in practice: referring patients to a gynaecologist or psychiatrist and to a marriage guidance counsellor. PMID- 6786578 TI - General practitioner in a hospice. PMID- 6786579 TI - Patient participation: Berinsfield Community Participation Group. PMID- 6786580 TI - Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. AB - The first 1000 cases notified to the National Childhood Encephalopathy Study were analysed. The diagnoses included encephalitis/encephalopathy, prolonged convulsions, infantile spasms, and Reye's syndrome. Eighty-eight of the children had had a recent infectious disease, including 19 with pertussis. Only 35 of the notified children (3.5%) had received pertussis antigen within seven days before becoming ill. Of 1955 control children matched for age, sex, and area of residence, 34 (1.7%) had been immunised with pertussis vaccine within the seven days before the date on which they became of the same age as the corresponding notified child. The relative risk of a notified child having had pertussis immunisation within that time interval was 2.4 (p less than 0.001). Of the 35 notified children, 32 had no previous neurological abnormality. A year later two had died, nine had developmental retardation, and 21 were normal. A significance association was shown between serious neurological illness and pertussis vaccine, though cases were few and most children recovered completely. PMID- 6786581 TI - Caesarean childbirth. Summary of an NIH consensus statement. PMID- 6786582 TI - Assessing clinical trials--first steps. PMID- 6786583 TI - Helping families with a mentally handicapped member. PMID- 6786584 TI - Compensation for drug injury: two solutions to an insoluble problem. PMID- 6786585 TI - National Poisons Information Services: report and comment 1980. AB - The National Poisons Information Services (NPIS) covering the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland currently receive over 40,000 telephone inquiries a year. Over the years there has been little change in the proportion of inquiries related to each of the main categories of poisons (drugs, household, chemical, agricultural, animals, and plants). More detailed analysis, however, shows pronounced changes in the inquiries relating to specific types of poisoning, particularly with drugs. By monitoring these trends and assessing the risks of toxicity, the NPIS has an important role in informing the medical profession of the need for preventive measures and for improved methods of treatment. At present, the NPIS cannot make full use of the available data due to inadequate staffing and lack of computer facilities. It is argued that for a modest increase in funding a much more comprehensive service could be provided. PMID- 6786586 TI - Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis using indium-111-labelled platelets. PMID- 6786587 TI - Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome. PMID- 6786588 TI - Successful treatment of D-penicillamine-induced breast gigantism with danazol. PMID- 6786589 TI - Predictive value of paired plasma and serum viscosity in early rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6786590 TI - Depression of cellular immunity as an index of malnutrition in surgical patients. PMID- 6786591 TI - Prescribing clindamycin. PMID- 6786592 TI - Amiodarone increases plasma digoxin concentrations. PMID- 6786593 TI - Planning to work in the USA? PMID- 6786594 TI - Yellow fever--cause for concern? PMID- 6786595 TI - Mixed-sex wards. PMID- 6786596 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa. PMID- 6786598 TI - Vibration syndrome again. PMID- 6786597 TI - Crises and interventions. PMID- 6786599 TI - Primary care in inner London: inadequate and exposed. PMID- 6786601 TI - Hepatic vascular lesions associated with dacarbazine treatment. AB - Dacarbazine is widely used in the treatment of melanoma. Transient abnormalities of liver function tests are well-recognised side effects of the drug, but acute liver failure due to vascular occlusion in patients receiving single-agent chemotherapy with dacarbazine has been noted only rarely. Two cases are reported in which hepatic vascular lesions developed during treatment with dacarbazine and were confirmed at necropsy. Hepatic vascular occlusion due to treatment with dacarbazine may be less rare than was previously thought. Greater caution may be needed when dacarbazine is prescribed, particularly as an adjuvant agent in stage I and II disease. PMID- 6786600 TI - Relation of angiographically defined coronary artery disease to plasma lipoprotein subfractions and apolipoproteins. AB - The relation of coronary artery disease to plasma lipoproteins was examined in 104 men aged 35-65 years undergoing coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischaemia. A score reflecting the number, degree, and length of stenoses in seven major coronary arteries was assigned to each angiogram. Lipid concentrations in lipoprotein subfractions were measured after preparative ultracentrifugation; plasma apolipoprotein concentrations were measured by electroimmunoassay. Men with high coronary scores tended to have lower plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and higher low-density lipoprotein (density 1.019-1.063 g/ml) cholesterol concentrations than subjects of similar age with low coronary scores (p approximately equal to 0.1). The strongest relation, however, was with the cholesterol concentration in the HDL2 subfraction (density 1.063-1.125 g/ml) of HDL, which averaged 44% lower in the severely affected patients (p less than 0.005). No associations were found between the coronary score and HDL3 cholesterol, the cholesterol content of lipoproteins of density less than 1.019 g/ml, plasma triglyceride, or the concentrations of apolipoproteins AI, AII, and E. The high coronary scores associated with low HDL2 concentrations reflected an increase in the number of both partial and complete stenoses distributed throughout the coronary tree. In contrast the sizes of the lesions and the proportion producing complete occlusion were unrelated to HDL2. PMID- 6786602 TI - Retinal vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A woman with exacerbation of severe rheumatoid arthritis developed lesions compatible with retinal vasculitis. Laboratory studies confirmed the diagnosis, and the rapid clinical improvement that accompanied a fall in circulating immune complexes suggested that the vasculitis was a direct consequence of the rheumatoid disease. From these observations retinal vasculitis should probably be sought in any patient with rheumatoid disease and the vasculitis added to the list of ocular complications of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6786603 TI - Haloperidol secreted in breast milk. AB - A nursing mother was given haloperidol 5 mg twice daily for puerperal psychosis and continued to breast feed under hospital supervision. Despite considerable amounts of haloperidol being secreted in the breast milk (up to 23.5 micrograms/l), the infant was apparently not sedated, fed well, and continued to thrive. The findings suggest that maternal ingestion of haloperidol for short periods has no deleterious effect on the infant's development. PMID- 6786604 TI - Malaria diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detecting malarial parasites in blood were tested on uninfected monkeys and in monkeys infected with Plasmodium falciparum. A double antibody sandwich ELISA detected one malarial cell per 10(3) uninfected cells, and an inhibition ELISA detected on infected cell per 10(4) uninfected erythrocytes. These methods are not yet as sensitive as conventional blood-film examinations, in which a well-trained microscopist might be expected to detect one malarial cell per 10(6) erythrocytes. Nevertheless, ELISA offers an objective means of detecting malaria and is particularly advantageous since up to 100 samples may be processed simultaneously. PMID- 6786605 TI - Cryoanalgesia for relief of pain after thoracotomy. AB - One hundred patients undergoing thoracotomy had their intercostal nerves blocked by cryoanalgesia before closure and the effect of this on their postoperative pain was evaluated. Of the 100 patients, 79 were free of pain, 12 had some discomfort, and nine reported severe pain necessitating narcotic analgesia (mean 1.5 injections per patient). Only five patients needed assisted removal of sputum, though eight showed retention of sputum or subsegmental collapse of lung radiographically. Overall, lack of pain and greater alertness much enhanced the value of physiotherapy, which resulted in a low incidence of complications and a smooth recovery. The technique of cryoanalgesia is simple, extremely effective, and apparently offers benefits not conferred by other methods of preventing pain after thoracotomy. PMID- 6786606 TI - Preliminary evaluation of a single-day tubeless test of pancreatic function. AB - The test for pancreatic exocrine function using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p aminobenzoic acid (BTP test) does not require duodenal intubation, but misleadingly abnormal results often occur in patients with liver or bowel disease because the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) released by chymotrypsin hydrolysis of the peptide either is not conjugated or is malabsorbed. This study evaluated a modified BTP test, using a tracer dose of 14C-PABA to eliminate misleading results, to assess exocrine function from a single six-hour collection of urine. The test clearly distinguished all patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea from normal subjects and identified patients with less severe pancreatitis as often as did the Lundh test. Furthermore, in patients with bowel or liver disease the misleadingly abnormal results of the unmodified BTP test were eliminated by the modified test in all but one case. These findings suggest that the modified BTP test provides a practical alternative to conventional tests of pancreatic function that entail duodenal intubation. PMID- 6786607 TI - Comparison of antianginal actions of verapamil and propranolol. PMID- 6786608 TI - Colonisation of ventriculoatrial shunt with Brucella abortus. PMID- 6786609 TI - Persistent involuntary movements after treatment with flupenthixol. PMID- 6786610 TI - Dangers of amiodarone and anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6786611 TI - Emergency treatment of high blood pressure with oral atenolol. PMID- 6786613 TI - Aberdare Patients Committee. PMID- 6786612 TI - ENT emergencies in general practice. PMID- 6786614 TI - Committing a patient. PMID- 6786615 TI - General practitioner on the lifeboat. PMID- 6786617 TI - Academic surgery: future uncertain. PMID- 6786616 TI - Clinicopathological study of pancreatic and ganglioneuroblastoma tumours secreting vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (vipomas). AB - During a six-year period (1973-9) 52 patients with pancreatic tumours and 10 with ganglioneuroblastomas were found to have raised plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) concentrations. All the patients had severe secretory diarrhoea, weight loss, dehydration, hypokalaemic acidosis, and a raised plasma urea concentration. Reduced gastric acid secretion was seen in 72% of patients. Plasma VIP concentrations were not raised in patients with diarrhoea due to other types of tumour or disease or in hormone-secreting tumours not associated with diarrhoea. Plasma VIP measurement may therefore give clinical guidance in a patient with persistent watery diarrhoea and hypokalaemic acidosis. Surgical excision was clearly the treatment of choice, but metastatic pancreatic tumours usually responded to streptozotocin. PMID- 6786618 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. The terrible 2s. PMID- 6786619 TI - Dealing with dying patients and their relatives. PMID- 6786620 TI - Assessing clinical trials--design I. PMID- 6786621 TI - Analgesic nephropathy. PMID- 6786622 TI - Corticosteroid resistance in chronic asthma. PMID- 6786623 TI - Prognosis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 6786624 TI - Calcium antagonists in exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 6786625 TI - Trial of folate treatment to prevent recurrence of neural tube defects. PMID- 6786626 TI - Seatone in arthritis. PMID- 6786627 TI - Contact vaccinia from recently vaccinated British soldiers. PMID- 6786628 TI - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6786629 TI - High-density lipoprotein and other risk factors for coronary artery disease. PMID- 6786631 TI - Caring for the aged. PMID- 6786630 TI - Foodborne gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology: a virus infection? AB - In almost a quarter of outbreaks of gastroenteritis reported to the Public Health Laboratory service by medical officers of environmental health and environmental health officers as possible foodborne infection in 1980 food poisoning organisms were not isolated. In a third of this group the incubation period was longer than the usual range for bacterial food poisoning organisms, and possibly some of the outbreaks were viral in origin. Viruses were detected by electron microsocpy in 88% of faecal specimens from similar outbreaks associated with shellfish but in only 23% of specimens from outbreaks associated with other foods. Recommendations are made for future investigation of such outbreaks including the collection of epidemiological data and specimens for virological study. PMID- 6786632 TI - Management of angina and hypothyroidism. PMID- 6786633 TI - Adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6786634 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia: treat but do not prolong. PMID- 6786635 TI - Improvement in glucose tolerance due to Momordica charantia (karela). AB - The effect of karela (Momordica charantia), a fruit indigenous to South America and Asia, on glucose and insulin concentrations was studied in nine non-insulin dependent diabetics and six non-diabetic laboratory rats. A water-soluble extract of the fruits significantly reduced blood glucose concentrations during a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test in the diabetics and after force-feeding in the rats. Fried karela fruits consumed as a daily supplement to the diet produced a small but significant improvement in glucose tolerance. Improvement in glucose tolerance was not associated with an increase in serum insulin responses. These results show that karela improves glucose tolerance in diabetes. Doctors supervising Asian diabetics should be aware of the fruit's hypoglycaemic properties. PMID- 6786636 TI - Labetalol-induced toxic myopathy. AB - Labetalol has been successful in treating hypertension, and few side effects have been reported, although there have been cases of muscle pain during treatment. A patient with essential hypertension treated with labetalol 600 mg daily complained of muscle pains, particularly in the legs. No neurological abnormality was found, but the activity of muscle enzymes in the blood was high. Findings on electromyography were compatible with myositis and electron microscopical findings suggested toxic myopathy. Labetalol was stopped for 10 days, and the muscle pain disappeared and enzyme activity returned to normal. When labetalol was restarted the pain returned and enzyme activities rose. Myopathy should be considered in patients experiencing muscle pain after treatment with labetalol. PMID- 6786637 TI - Oral contraceptive steroid plasma concentrations in smokers and non-smokers. AB - A study was performed to find out whether the overall rate of metabolism of oral contraceptives is affected by smoking and whether this explains the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in users of oral contraceptives who smoke. Plasma ethinyloestradiol and norgestrel concentrations in 311 women using oral contraceptives were similar in smokers and non-smokers. The overall rate of metabolism of contraceptive steroids does not therefore seem to be affected by cigarette smoking. PMID- 6786639 TI - The air rifle: a dangerous weapon. PMID- 6786638 TI - First admissions to psychiatric hospitals in south-east England in 1976 among immigrants from Ireland. AB - Irish male immigrants had twice and female immigrants 1.7 times the expected number of first admissions to psychiatric hospitals in south-east England in 1976 when the expected number was based on the age- and sex-standardised rates of first admission of the population born in the United Kingdom living in the region. Admissions for alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis were five times higher in men and four times higher in women, and for schizophrenia 2.4 times as high in both sexes, as expected from these rates. When the expected number of first admissions was based on the age- and sex-standardised rates among Irish people living in Ireland the immigrants had fewer admissions than expected. Among migrants from Northern Ireland the number of first admissions was significantly greater than expected. Admissions for alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis in men and women combined were seven times the expected number based on the UK rates. There was no significant difference in the proportion of single people between the Irish immigrants and people born in the UK. Marital state, socioeconomic group, and occupation may partly account for the high number of admissions for alcoholism and schizophrenia among Irish people living in south-east England. PMID- 6786640 TI - Intractable pain in aplastic anaemia. PMID- 6786641 TI - Cardioversion 125 times without necrosis. PMID- 6786642 TI - Recurrent bacteraemia: an unusual presentation of choriocarcinoma. PMID- 6786643 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and purgative abuse. PMID- 6786644 TI - Reducing risks from intravenous cannulae. PMID- 6786645 TI - Law and the general practitioner, assisting the police. PMID- 6786646 TI - Emergencies in the home: role of ambulance services. PMID- 6786647 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Dundee. PMID- 6786648 TI - Views of general practice. PMID- 6786650 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged: psoriasis. PMID- 6786649 TI - Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6786651 TI - Prognosis for sphincter recovery after operation for cauda equina compression owing to lumbar disc prolapse. PMID- 6786652 TI - Medical manpower and the career structure: a new approach. AB - A change in the ratio of trainees to consultants is necessary: despite being the agreed policy of the profession and DHSS, existing central planning machinery has failed to bring about its implementation. There is no reason to suppose that central methods can ever achieve the desired ends without intolerable constraints on the liberty of doctors. Freedom for individual groups of consultants to negotiate local changes in manpower coupled with inducements to both them and the authorities would seem to provide a promising approach that has not yet been adequately debated for explored. In the nature of it such an idea is unlikely to be attractive to central bureaucratic organisations, whether governmental or professional. PMID- 6786653 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: Acute abdominal pain. PMID- 6786654 TI - Statistics in question: assessing clinical trials--design II. PMID- 6786655 TI - New uncertainties in prenatal screening for neural tube defect. PMID- 6786656 TI - Pertussis immunisation and serious acute neurological illness in children. PMID- 6786657 TI - Febrile convulsions: long-term treatment. PMID- 6786658 TI - Pertussis vaccination and pseudo whooping cough. PMID- 6786659 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6786660 TI - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6786661 TI - Synergistic action of metolazone with "loop" diuretics. PMID- 6786662 TI - Helping families with a mentally handicapped member. PMID- 6786663 TI - Trial of cromoglycate and slow-release aminophylline in perennial childhood asthma. PMID- 6786664 TI - Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6786665 TI - Occupational hazard of infection in the operating theatre. PMID- 6786666 TI - Oxygen in the home. PMID- 6786667 TI - Obstetric training and general practitioners. PMID- 6786668 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 6786669 TI - Research in the NHS. PMID- 6786670 TI - Antibiotic-associated colitis--the continuing saga. PMID- 6786671 TI - Management of asthma in the child aged under 6 years. PMID- 6786672 TI - Influence of cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of propranolol. AB - Whole-blood propranolol concentrations were estimated for 12 hours after a single 80 mg oral dose was given in six patients taking cimetidine and two weeks after they had stopped the drug. Mean blood propranolol concentrations were higher throughout the sampling period when the patients were taking cimetidine than when they were not, and the difference was statistically significant between one and four hours (p less than 0.05). The mean relative bioavailability of propranolol, measured as the area under the concentration time curve, was significantly higher when the patients were taking cimetidine (p less than 0.025). The mean increase in bioavailability was 136.5 +/- 57.6%, and the results were consistent in each subject. It is concluded from these results that cimetidine reduces the hepatic first-pass extraction of propranolol. PMID- 6786673 TI - Double-blind trial of oral 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3 versus placebo in asymptomatic hyperparathyroidism in patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis. AB - Fifty-seven patients who had been receiving maintenance haemodialysis for a mean of 4.6 years were given 0.25-0.5 microgram oral 1,25-dihydroxy (1,25-(OH)2) vitamin D3 or a placebo in a double-blind manner for one to two years. In patients with normal radiographs (mean plasma parathyroid hormone concentration 205 microliterEq/ml) 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 prevented the development of the radiological appearances of hyperparathyroidism. In patients with abnormal radiographs (mean plasma parathyroid concentration 709 microliterEq/ml) 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D3 arrested or reversed the radiological changes of hyperparathyroidism. Nevertheless, the response was slow and the concentration of the hormone remained considerably raised (mean 445 microliterEq/ml). It is concluded from these results that giving 1,25-(OH)2 vitamin D3 to patients receiving maintenance haemodialysis who have normal hand radiographs or minimal erosions is beneficial. In patients with more advanced hyperparathyroidism parathyroidectomy should be considered unless there is a rapid response. PMID- 6786674 TI - Effect of emepronium bromide on lower oesophageal sphincter. PMID- 6786675 TI - Acute severe intravascular haemolysis: an unrecognised cause of pancreatitis. PMID- 6786676 TI - Comparative risks of rhesus autoimmunisation in two different methods of mid trimester abortion. PMID- 6786677 TI - Pancreatitis caused by methyldopa. PMID- 6786679 TI - Whiteladies Health Centre Practice Association. PMID- 6786678 TI - Simple computerised repeat prescription control system. PMID- 6786680 TI - Emergencies in the home: treating fractures. PMID- 6786681 TI - Geographical variations in the supply of domiciliary oxygen. AB - The amounts of oxygen prescribed by general practitioners in each of 90 family practitioner committee areas of England in 1977-9 were compared using data supplied by the Prescription Pricing Authority and were matched with published mortality statistics for these areas. The annual number of 1360-litre cylinders supplied per thousand population ranged among family practitioner committees from 3.3 to 32.5, with a mean for all family practitioner committees of 10.6. Levels of supply were not associated with the degree of urbanisation of the areas and did not correlate with standardised mortality ratios for respiratory diseases. Levels were significantly greater in teaching areas than in non-teaching areas. The rationale for prescribing domiciliary oxygen is ill defined. PMID- 6786682 TI - The changing face of the laboratory. PMID- 6786684 TI - The quack doctor of Serpukhov. PMID- 6786683 TI - Fatal streptococcal septicaemia. PMID- 6786685 TI - Medicine and the media: summary of a Consensus Conference. PMID- 6786686 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: recurrent abdominal pain. PMID- 6786687 TI - Referral of patients for psychotherapy. PMID- 6786688 TI - Assessing clinical trials--why randomise? PMID- 6786689 TI - Pertussis vaccine and serious acute neurological illness in children. PMID- 6786690 TI - Controlled trial of physiotherapy and occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6786691 TI - Contaminated enteral feeds. PMID- 6786692 TI - Diagnosis of ascites. PMID- 6786693 TI - Debendox and congenital malformations in Northern Ireland. PMID- 6786694 TI - Bronchodilator effect of sodium cromoglycate and its clinical implications. PMID- 6786695 TI - Dangers of amiodarone and anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6786696 TI - Painful iceberg. PMID- 6786697 TI - Virus particles in oysters. PMID- 6786698 TI - Spinal meningioma presenting as focal epilepsy. PMID- 6786699 TI - Drug-induced oesophageal ulceration. PMID- 6786700 TI - University budgets and medical education. PMID- 6786701 TI - Epidemiology of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Singapore. AB - The number of infections with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains in Singapore has risen from three in 1976 to 1792 in 1979. In the latter year they formed 19.2% of all infections with gonorrhoea, and 1280 of the strains isolated were from female prostitutes. The prevalence of PPNG infections is analysed according to the different sections of the community and racial groups. Despite energetic control measures PPNG strains are not being contained within Singapore. Thus global dissemination from such a busy port and tourist centre is a real danger. PMID- 6786702 TI - Reactivity of the limulus lysate assay with uterine cervical secretions. A preliminary evaluation. AB - A limulus lysate assay was performed on cervical secretions from 66 women. When secretions were tested at a 1/100 dilution the assay gave a positive result in 15 (62.5%) of 24 patients with gonorrhoea confirmed by Gram-stained smear or culture or both. When secretions from seven of the nine remaining patients who had gonorrhoea but negative results to the limulus lysate test were retested at 1/50 dilution, two gave a positive result, increasing the positivity rate of the test to 17 (70.8%) of 24 infected patients. Material from one patient with a history of contact with gonorrhoea and from three (7.3%) of the other 41 patients without any history of gonorrhoea gave positive reactions. PMID- 6786703 TI - Transient and long-term effects of temperature on electrogenic activity of Drosophila nerves and muscles. AB - Electrical responses of indirect flight muscles in Drosophila fruit flies are markedly affected by a 10 degree C increment from ambient temperature: refractory period of evoked neuromuscular responses is shortened with temperature elevation due to effects on neuronal components. Excitation threshold of these muscle fibers increases transiently during elevation of temperature, while the frequency of directly-evoked muscle spikes increases gradually. These temperature-induced changes are reversible upon lowering the temperature back to ambient temperature. PMID- 6786704 TI - Interregional differences in brain intracellular pH and water compartmentation during acute normoxic and hypoxic hypocapnia in the anesthetized dog. AB - Interregional differences in intracellular pH (pHi) in brain tissue, and its regulation following 1 and 5 h of respiratory alkalosis (with and without hypoxemia) were determined in N2O anesthetized dogs. Two techniques for pHi estimation were used (TCO2 and 14C-DMO) and included corrections for measured extracellular fluid (35SO4(2-)) space (ECS). Cortical pHi by the two techniques agreed closely in control and in 3 of the 4 experimental conditions, suggesting: (a) our estimation of extracellular fluid (ECF) [HCO3-] from measured CSF [HCO3-] was a valid assumption; and (b) our method had sufficient resolution to determine the magnitude of brain pHi regulation during respiratory acid-base disturbances. When moderate normoxic respiratory alkalosis (PaCO2 approximately 25 mm Hg) was imposed for 5 h, pHi (in most brain regions) was well regulated and always exceeded the incomplete regulation noted in bulk CSF. When moderate hypoxemia (PaO2 approximately 45 mm Hg) accompanied hypocapnia, pHi was more closely regulated during the early phase (1 h) of respiratory alkalosis. Increased levels of metabolic acids (especially lactic acid) were critical to brain pHi regulation during the initial hour of respiratory alkalosis and accounted for much of the independent effect of hypoxemia on pHi regulation. However, these metabolic acids remained unchanged as pHi was more completely regulated between 1 and 5 h of continued hypocapnia or hypoxic hypocapnia. This time-dependent regulation of pHi may involve some regulatory role for changed transmembrane fluxes of H+ and/or HCO3-. Significant interregional differences were observed in both pHi and in ECS; with tendencies toward more alkaline pHi and lower ECS in brain stem and white matter. With respiratory alkalosis ECS fell and intracellular fluid increased in both cortex and caudate nucleus, possibly reflecting an osmotic effect of increased metabolic acid levels or reduction in cell membrane ion pumping. PMID- 6786705 TI - Locomotion elicited by pinna stimulation in the acute precollicular postmammillary decerebrate cat. AB - In the acute precollicular-postmammillary decerebrate cat, pinna stimulation was found to elicit four-legged locomotion on the treadmill. The adequate stimuli for eliciting locomotion were of the nature of deep pressure with the fingertips. The receptive field of the pinna were distributed along the edge of the scapha. When the existing postural tonus after decerebration were highly exaggerated or depressed, the same stimulation failed to elicit locomotion. PMID- 6786706 TI - Glycolysis in rat neostriatal slices following kainic acid injections. AB - In in vitro incubations, kainic acid-lesioned neostriatal slices from rat brain showed decreases in oxygen consumption (50%) and in the conversion of both [1 14C]glucose (43%) and [6-14C]glucose (69%) to 14CO2 as compared to controls. The elevation in the C1/C6 14CO2 ratio suggested the pentose phosphate pathway was less affected than the Embden-Meyerhof path in kainic acid-injected gliotic tissue. Increasing the potassium concentration from 6 to 50 mM caused increases in oxygen consumption and glucose utilization in both control and kainic acid lesioned neostriatal slices; this is consistent with, but not conclusive of, a potassium-stimulating effect on glial as well as neuronal metabolism. PMID- 6786707 TI - Nutritional support in long term intensive care with special reference to ventilator patients: a review. AB - Patients requiring long term intensive care and/or prolonged ventilatory support, are frequently undergoing progressive malnutrition, occasionally complicated by a hypercatabolic state. Sepsis, fever and the requirements for postoperative healing will add further nutritional demands on such patients. In contrast to starvation, critically ill patients maintained on protein-free energy-deficient diet do not adapt to utilization of their lipid to provide energy needs. Mobilization of endogenous fat stores is reduced, and this reduction leads to increased gluconeogenesis from amino acids derived from muscle protein to meet the increased energy needs. Low serum albumin, possible low surfactant production, devitalization of the alveolo-capillary membrane and impaired immunocompetence could contribute to the development of pulmonary transudation, alveolar collapse, low compliance and pulmonary infection. Such sequelae of a protein-free energy-deficient diet would delay weaning patients off prolonged mechanical ventilation. Nutritional assessment, which may be determined serially, and means of nutritional support are outlined. PMID- 6786708 TI - Alfathesin and enflurane: synergistic central nervous system excitation? AB - This case report describes signs of central nervous system excitation occurring after administration of alfathesin and enflurane in doses lower than those previously associated with this type of phenomena (alfathesin 36 microlitres/kilogram, enflurane two volumes per cent). This suggests that these drugs may interact to increase the probability of seizure-like activity. PMID- 6786709 TI - Confusion regarding the Bain circuit. PMID- 6786710 TI - Bain circuit. PMID- 6786711 TI - Effects of carbon dioxide and epinephrine on serum levels of lidocaine after epidural anaesthesia. AB - Carbonated lidocaine is believed to penetrate membranes more rapidly than its hydrochloride salt and could possibly cause higher serum levels. To compare serum levels, arterial blood samples drawn at intervals were analyzed in a group of 18 patients under epidural anaesthesia with equivalent doses of lidocaine hydrochloride and lidocaine hydrocarbonate, with and without epinephrine. Results show that serum levels were significantly higher when lidocaine hydrocarbonate was used for epidural analgesia. PMID- 6786712 TI - The anomeric specificity of beta-galactosidase and lac permease from Escherichia coli. AB - Beta-Galactosidase was found to act on alpha-lactose slightly more than twice as rapidly as on beta-lactose for both the hydrolysis and transgalactosylis reactions. The effect was shown to be on the Vmax values; the Km values for the different anomeric forms were the same. The step of the reaction for which the enzyme has anomeric specificity was shown to be glycosidic bond breakage. The steps in glucose release or in the glucose acceptor reaction were not affected by anomeric composition. Neither allolactose hydrolysis nor transport of lactose into the cells by lac permease was sensitive to the anomeric composition of the substrate. The implications of these results for lac operon induction and for lactose metabolism are discussed. PMID- 6786713 TI - Respiratory and cardiovascular responses to temperature changes in the perfused pulmonary arteries of the dog. AB - In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs a right heart bypass was established and the isolated main pulmonary arteries were perfused at controlled pressure and temperature. Increasing pulmonary arterial pressure by 20-60 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) increased systemic vascular resistance and respiratory activity. Decreasing the temperature of the pulmonary arterial perfusate over the range 37 31 degrees C decreased systemic arterial pressure and respiratory activity. Increasing the temperature over the range 37-41 degrees C had the opposite effects. The decreases in systemic arterial pressure and respiratory activity in response to a decrease in temperature of the pulmonary arterial perfusate were present at low (20 mmHg) or high (80 mmHg) pulmonary arterial pressures. All responses to changing the pressure or temperature of the pulmonary arterial perfusate were prevented by cutting the vagosympathetic nerves in the neck. It is concluded that there are receptors, lying in or close to the pulmonary arterial walls, that in this preparation are tonically active. Their discharge is affected by changes of +/- 2 degrees in pulmonary arterial temperature. PMID- 6786714 TI - Effect of changes in the red cell volume on the carbon dioxide titration curve in vivo in the rat. AB - Acute in vivo CO2 titration curves were performed on rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. The slope of the in vivo CO2 titration curve in the rat was found to be similar to that previously reported in the dog and in man. Removal of approximately 30% of the haemoglobin of the body did not influence significantly the slope of the in vivo CO2 titration curve in the rat. PMID- 6786715 TI - Sporulation and regulation of homoserine dehydrogenase in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Homoserine dehydrogenase in dialyzed cell extracts of Bacillus subtilis 168 was studied, particularly with regard to inhibition, repression, and level of activity as a function of stage of development (growth and sporulation). It was assayed in the "forward direction" using L-aspartic semialdehyde and NADPH as substrates. Of the potentials inhibitors tested, only cysteine and NADP were found to be effective. Both L- and D-cysteine were equally effective. Therefore, the physiological significance of cysteine as an inhibitor is somewhat questionable. Amino acids involved in repression of homoserine dehydrogenase included methionine, isoleucine, possibly threonine, and one or more unidentified components of Casamino acids. The specific activity of homoserine dehydrogenase was highest during the exponential phase of growth and declined steadily during the stationary phase of growth. The low specific activity during late sporulation may favor preferential funnelling of L-aspartic semialdehyde into the lysine pathway, where it is needed for synthesis of large amounts of dipicolinic acid and diaminopimelic acid. PMID- 6786716 TI - Serotypes among Neisseria meningitidis serogroups B and C strains isolated in Canada. AB - Antisera made to prototype serogroup B strains of Neisseria meningitidis were used to serotype, by agar gel double diffusion, 262 meningococcal serogroups B and C strains isolated in Canada. The strains included 93 from patients and 169 from carriers. Serotype 2 was associated with 39 of 75 (52%) of group B strains and 14 of 18 (77.8%) of group C strains isolated from patients. The group B strains were mainly (87.2%) serotype 2b, while the majority (92.2%) of group C strains was serotype 2a. Other serotypes (including a new provisional serotype) represented 25.3 and 5.5% of groups B and C strains, respectively. The new serotype accounted for 13% of the group B strains. Approximately 23% of the strains isolated from patients were nontypable. The distribution of serotype 2, nontype 2 (other serotypes), and nontypable strains isolated from carriers was 2.1, 36.6, and 61.3%, respectively, for group B meningococci and 22.2, 29.6, and 48.25, respectively, for group C meningococci. Serotype 11 was the most prominent of the strains isolated from carriers. Approximately 7% of all the strains were multiple serotypes. Serotype 2 is an important virulence marker associated with meningococcal groups B and C disease in Canada, with serotypes 2a and 2b being markedly associated with groups C and B meningococcal disease, respectively. PMID- 6786717 TI - Anaerobic co-oxidation of acetate and glucose by citrobacter intermedius and a species of Pseudomonas. AB - Analysis of gases evolved when Citrobacter intermedius and a Pseudomonas species are co-cultured on an acetate or glucose - nitrate - mineral salts medium indicates that acetate is anaerobically oxidized by CO2. PMID- 6786718 TI - Cellulolytic enzyme system of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the cellulolytic system from culture supernates of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus showed the presence of four major enzymes: a beta-glucosidase, an exoglucanase, and two endoglucanases. The relative proportions of these enzymes in the culture supernate were affected by the nature of the cellulosic substrate and by the length of the incubation period. The molecular weights of the cellulolytic enzymes were beta-glucosidase, 81 000; exoglucanase, 38 000; endoglucanase C2, 33 000; and endoglucanase C3, 10 400, as estimated by their electrophoretic mobilities relative to proteins of known molecular weight. Treatment of the high molecular weight endoglucanase with SDS--mercaptoethanol led to reversible dissociation of the enzyme into polypeptide subunits similar to the low molecular weight endoglucanase. Endoglucanase activity could be assayed for directly using a novel method of incorporating carboxymethyl cellulose in the polyacrylamide gels. The molecular weights and functions of these enzymes are compared with those detected in culture filtrates of various fungi. PMID- 6786719 TI - Ultrastructure of a marine Synechococcus possessing spinae. AB - Two Chesapeake Bay isolates of unicellular cyanobacteria belonging to the genus Synechococcus are described. Unicellular cyanobacteria are suspected to be important primary producers in estuarine and marine waters. One isolate (P-11-16) fluoresces red and forms green colonies. The other isolate (P-11-17) fluoresces orange and forms red colonies. Their ultrastructure is very similar to other isolates of Synechococcus except that spinae are formed and are attached to an outer wall layer not found in previously described species. The spinae are straight-walled cylinders, not flared at the base, are 44.0-65.0 nm in diameter, and range up to 2.7 micrometer in length. Substructure of the spinae wall consists of either material organized into stacks of rings or a strand of material helically coiled at a low (1-6 degrees) angle. Such material yielded a 6.0-9.2 nm cross-banding periodicity. Substructure of the rings or strand appeared to consist of bar-shaped, repeating units as seen in negatively stained material. Other procaryotic cell types with spinae, which were isolated from unincubated, natural seawater, are described. PMID- 6786720 TI - Alteration by heat activation of enzymes localized in spore coats of Bacillus cereus. AB - Heat activation (70 degrees C for 20 min) resulted in alteration in structural proteins and enzymes found in Bacillus cereus spore coats. The three notable changes were increased glycosylation of coat proteins, alteration in polypeptide pattern on sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gels, and an increase in free SH groups of proteins. About three polypeptides leaked out in small quantities from the spore coats during heat activation. The extraction of five spore coat associated enzyme activities was followed during the coat stripping procedures, which left the cortex and core intact. Two of these activities, L-alanine dehydrogenase and purine nucleoside hydrolase, were solubilized when the undercoat was extracted by 1,4-dithioerythritol (DTE) at pH 9.8. Three other activities, a protease, a corticolytic enzyme, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, were solubilized by both DTE alone and DTE plus urea at pH 9.8. The DTE plus urea extraction removed the two more insoluble coat layers, the outer cross-patch, and the inner pitted layers. Mutants deficient in the cross patch layer contained normal amounts of the protease, corticolytic, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities suggesting their association with the pitted layer. In intact spores all five enzymes were found to be stable to the heat activation treatment. However, extracted and partially purified preparations of protease, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, and L-alanine dehydrogenase were heat sensitive. Similar preparations of corticolytic enzyme and purine nucleoside hydrolase were stable to the heat activation conditions. PMID- 6786721 TI - Motility and chemotaxis of three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa used for virulence studies. PMID- 6786722 TI - Traction diverticula of the esophagus in the middle lobe syndrome. PMID- 6786723 TI - Tachy-bradycardia syndrome related to lithium therapy. PMID- 6786725 TI - Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in two different populations of women. PMID- 6786724 TI - Lobar pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Seven patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia presented with moderate to dense consolidation in one (in five patients) or more lobes. The diagnosis was suspected in five patients after failure to respond to 1 to 6 (average 2.6) antibiotics administered for 2 to 12 (average 7) days, and in one patient upon the development of hemolytic anemia. Clues to the diagnosis of nonbacterial pneumonia included a nonrespiratory viral-like prodromal period (in five), a nonproductive cough (in five), lack of rigors (in seven), recent "pneumonia" in family members (in ;three), normal total leukocyte and neutrophil counts (in six) and the absence of bacterial pathogens in smears and cultures of sputum (in all seven). The diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection was supported by the presence of cold agglutinins (in a titre of 1.64 or greater) in ;the serum of five or six patients and was confirmed by diagnostic levels or increases in the titre of M. pneumoniae complement fixing antibodies. Awareness of the fact that M. pneumoniae can present as lobar consolidation and close attention to the clinical and laboratory data can usually suggest a nonbacterial cause and thus prevent delay in appropriate antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6786727 TI - Is the periodic health examination worthwhile? AB - Periodic health examinations is a primary tool in the practice of preventive medicine. It has been identified as such and promoted for health maintenance and disease control since the early 1900s. And yet, it has never been proved cost effective. In fact, recently is has become fashionable for certain physicians to challenge the professional time and public money spent on examinations of asymptomatic adults as nonproductive and wasteful, urging medical care only in the presence of complaints suggesting illness. A balanced assessment of the value of periodic health examinations requires definition of the content and method of the examination, the individuals to be examined, and the frequency with which the examination is performed. Some procedures have no or very little yield under any circumstances. Most procedures will be more effective for certain groups of examinees, particularly with reference to age and family and environmental factors. During the past decade, methods for health hazard or risk factor analysis have been developed which enable design of more efficient periodic health examination programming, targetting those population subgroups most apt to be harboring presymptomatic disease. It can be anticipated that refinement of risk-related examination methods in the next decade will firmly establish the value of periodic health examination as a basic tool in medical practice. PMID- 6786726 TI - The economics of cancer prevention and detection: getting more for less. AB - Economics has been described as the science of allocating scarce resources. Given the magnitude of the cancer problem and the obvious impracticality of eliminating every carcinogen or screening every person for every disease, our success in preventing cancer will depend greatly on our ability to use available resources efficiently. This paper will illustrate the principles of economics applied to the early detection of cancer of the lung, breast, colon, and cervix. The objective is to deliver the highest benefit possible. The available options include choice of the population to be screened (e.g., ages and risk factors), the tests to be used, and the frequency of examinations. The issues to be considered in making these choices include the expected benefits of early detection, the risks and side effects of the tests, the acceptibility of the program, the costs of the tests, the consequences of false positives, changes in therapy, and decrease in disability and lost earnings. The final choice of an "optimal" early detection protocol requires estimating and comparing these and other outcomes. This is a question of expectations and values; there is no "correct" answer or "best" program. These issues also have implications for the feasibility and prospects for third-party reimbursement for cancer prevention activities. PMID- 6786728 TI - Glycosaminoglycans of pleural mesothelioma: a possible biochemical variant containing chondroitin sulfate. AB - Glycosaminoglycans of a malignant pleural mesothelioma have been characterized histochemically and biochemically and compared with those of normal lung, pleural plaque, lung carcinoma, and other connective tissue neoplasms. Chondroitin sulfate constituted the major glycosaminoglycan (approximately 80% of total) present in the pleural mesothelioma while hyaluronic acid was present in only trace amounts (approximately 3% of total). In particular chondroitin 6-sulfate was the predominant isomer, constituting 80% of the total chondroitin sulfate. Control tissue exhibited different proportions of glycosaminoglycans and none of them contained as high an absolute concentration of chondroitin sulfate as the mesothelioma. These findings differ from previous reports demonstrating increased concentration of hyaluronic acid in mesothelioma and suggest the possible existence of a biochemically different form of this neoplasm. PMID- 6786730 TI - Evaluation of a protective environment in the management of granulocytopenic patients: a comparative study. AB - Fever, clinical infection, bacteriologically documented infection, and death from infection were evaluated in 95 consecutive uninfected patients with severe granulocytopenia (less than 0.5 x 10(6)/liter). Patients were randomly allocated to reverse isolation and prophylactic oral nonabsorbable antibiotics or to open ward care. The microbiologic surveillance of air samples and stool cultures showed reduction of pathogenic organisms in patients treated in protective environment units. There was a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of fever (80% vs. 39.6%; P less than 0.001), clinical infections (55.3% vs. 25%; P less than 0.01), bacteriologically documented infections (53.2% vs. 20.8%; P less than 0.01), and deaths from infections (25.5% vs. 8.3%; P = 0.02) in patients treated in a protective environment as compared with patients treated on the open ward. PMID- 6786729 TI - Management of Hodgkin's disease in a patient with sickle cell anemia. AB - A right periauricular swelling developed in a 21-year-old woman with sickle cell anemia. The mass was removed and revealed Hodgkin's disease of the lymphocyte predominance type. While preparing the patient for a staging laparotomy, an allo anti-Kell and an allo-antic-C were identified in the patient's sera. The patient's direct antiglobulin test was positive and an auto-anti-e was eluted from the patient's erythrocytes. The patient was treated with nine courses of MOPP therapy given over a nine-month period. The clinical and therapeutic implications for the management of patients with sickle cell anemia and lymphoproliferative disorders are discussed. PMID- 6786731 TI - Transport of the renal carcinogen 3-hydroxymethyl-1-([3-(5-nitro-2 furyl)allydidene]amino) hydantoin by renal cortex and cooxidative metabolism by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. AB - Transport of the renal carcinogen 3-hydroxymethyl-1-([3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) allydidene]amino) hydantoin (HMN) by the renal cortex and metabolism by the kidney was evaluated. Organic acid and base transport by renal cortical slices was determined using [131I]Hippuran and [14C]tetraethylammonium, respectively. HMN caused a dose-dependent reversible inhibition of [131]Hippuran accumulation but did not alter [14C]tetraethylammonium uptake. By contrast, benzidine inhibited organic base but not acid transport. The decrease in absorbance at 405 nm was used as an index of microsomal metabolism of HMN. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent metabolism of HMN was not observed with either cortical or medullary microsomes. However, there was prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase-mediated metabolism of HMN. Specific substrate, cofactor, and inhibitor studies suggest that metabolism occurs by the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. At least one product of HMN metabolism was characterized and shown to be different from HMN by its high-pressure liquid chromatographic and ultraviolet spectral properties. The renal mixed-function oxidases system, lipid peroxidation, nitroreduction, and lipoxygenase did not seem to be involved in HMN metabolism. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the kidney is a site for cooxidative metabolism of chemicals which elicit carcinogenic and nephrotoxic effects in the kidney. Facilitated transport of HMN into renal tissue by the organic acid transport system may explain the greater potential for HMN to elicit renal carcinogenesis compared to other tissues. PMID- 6786732 TI - Hyperalimentation of the cancer patient with protein-calorie undernutrition. AB - Because protein-calorie undernutrition is common in patients with neoplastic disease, nutritional support is often recommended. It is uncertain, however, that methods of supplemental alimentation successful in noncancerous subjects are suitable in cancer patients. We measured elemental balances, serum proteins, anthropometrics (triceps skinfold and mid-arm muscle area), and creatinine/height ratio in 15 undernourished patients with advanced cancer and in 10 noncancer undernourished controls during central venous or enteral hyperalimentation and found the following. (a) During central venous hyperalimentation, cancer patients showed significantly less improvement than the noncancerous controls in body weight (median increment, 5 kg in cancer patients and 8.5 kg in noncancerous), albumin (0.1 g/dl in cancer patients and 0.5 g/dl in noncancerous patients), creatinine/height ratio (4% of standard in cancer and 10% of standard in noncancer), and mid-arm muscle area (4% of standard in cancer and 11% of standard in noncancer). During enteral hyperalimentation, gains in body weight and albumin by cancer patients were significantly inferior to those in noncancerous subjects. Triceps skinfold increments, in contrast, were similar during both central venous and enteral hyperalimentation for cancer and noncancerous patients. (b) While nitrogen retention was similar in cancer and noncancer patients, the cancer group retained significantly less magnesium and phosphorus (delta Mg in cancer patients, 3.2 mEq/day central, -2.7 mEq/day enteral; delta Mg in noncancer patients, 11.9 mEq/day central, 10.1 mEq/day enteral; delta P in cancer patients, 0.13 g/day central, 0.07 g/day enteral; delta P in noncancer patients, 0.27 g/day central, 0.33 g/day enteral). The poorer balances of cancer patients were caused by increased urinary, not fecal, loss. These findings indicate a partial block in repletion of lean body mass or abnormal composition of newly deposited lean body mass when undernourished patients with advanced cancer receive hyperalimentation. PMID- 6786733 TI - Characterization of phorbol ester receptors and their down-modulation in GH4C1 rat pituitary cells. AB - Phorbol ester binding to intact GH4C1 cells, a continuous strain of rat pituitary cells, was measured using [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. The binding was saturable; Scatchard analysis indicated one class of high-affinity binding sites (Kd, 11 nM) with 6.4 pmol [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate bound per mg cell protein at saturation. The relative binding affinities for other phorbol esters and analogs were similar to those demonstrated for binding to homogenates of chick embryo fibroblasts and mouse skin, as well as for tumor promotion in vivo. A close correlation was shown to exist between the binding affinities of these derivatives and their potencies for inducing biological responses in GH4C1 cells, such as decreases in binding of epidermal growth factor and thyrotropin-releasing hormone. A distinctive new finding is the down modulation of phorbol ester binding sites on GH4C1 cells by both homologous and heterologous ligands. Prolonged exposure to phorbol esters or thyrotropin-releasing hormone produced a loss of available [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate binding sites with a maximal decrease to about 20% of control after 24 hr of treatment. Scatchard analysis indicated that the decrease in binding was due to a loss of receptors with no change in affinity. The biological significance of phorbol ester receptor down modulation is not yet known; however, it may represent a mechanism for attenuating cellular responsiveness to phorbol esters in their continued presence. PMID- 6786734 TI - Crystal structure of a carcinogen:nucleoside adduct. AB - The product of reaction between the carcinogen, 7-bromomethyl-12 methylbenz[a]anthracene, and 2'-deoxyadenosine, i.e., N6-(12 methylbenz[a]anthracenyl-7-methyl)deoxyadenosine, has been prepared and characterized, and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallographic techniques. The major structural features are: (a) the adenine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon residues lie nearly perpendicular to one another; (b) the conformation about the glycosidic bond is syn, rather than anti, and an internal hydrogen bond between the deoxyribose 5'-hydroxyl group and N(3) of the adenine residue is present; and (c) the more planar anthracene portion of the hydrocarbon is stacked between adenine residues of other molecules throughout the crystal. PMID- 6786735 TI - Reduced gamma-cystathionase protein content in human malignant leukemia cell lines as measured by immunoassay with monoclonal antibody. AB - A murine hybrid cell line has been produced which secretes immunoglobulin G2b with specificity for human gamma-cystathionase (EC 4.2.1.15). The antibody has been iodinated and used in combination with quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in an assay which is capable of detecting as little as 1.5 ng enzyme protein. Human lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines CEM and Laz-221 contain undetectable enzyme protein, corresponding to their behavior as cysteine auxotrophs. In contrast, nonmalignant lymphoblastoid lines contain easily detectable enzyme protein which correlates with their behavior as cysteine prototrophs. Other malignant leukocyte cell lines contained detectable but variable amounts of enzyme protein, suggesting that the enzyme may be a useful marker of cellular differentiation. PMID- 6786736 TI - Diamine oxidase as a plasma marker of rat intestinal mucosal injury and regeneration after administration of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. AB - Diamine oxidase (DAO; EC 1.4.3.6) is an enzyme found in high activity in the mature upper villus cells of rat intestinal mucosa and only in very low activity in all other tissues except for the placenta in the pregnant rat. The present study was designed to investigate whether plasma and mucosal DAO could be used to monitor the timing and severity of injury and recovery of the intestinal mucosa after administration of the chemotherapeutic agent 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C). A dose of 0.3 g/kg s.c. every 8 hr for 6 doses was given to adult Lewis x Brown Norway rats. This resulted in death of the proliferating crypt cells, followed by regeneration of the mucosa from the surviving crypt cells, with recovery by Day 8. This mucosal damage and recovery was reflected by histological changes and a decrease in activity of mucosal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase. Both mucosal and plasma DAO levels also fell markedly to less than 10% of basal levels (N = 30, p less than 0.005) by Day 4 and recovered with a time course similar to the histological and biochemical changes indicative of injury and recovery. With increasing dosage and/or increasing duration of ara-C treatment, mucosal injury was progressive, with increasing loss of both plasma and mucosal DAO levels as compared to controls (N = 38, p less than 0.005). Plasma DAO levels in three patients with leukemia following ara-C chemotherapy decreased markedly to less than 30% of basal pretreatment levels (p less than 0.05) by Days 9 to 12, with a time course that was compatible with clinical intestinal mucosal injury. Our data document that plasma DAO levels reflect the mucosal injury and subsequent recovery after ara-C treatment in the rat and humans. Thus, plasma DAO may serve as a marker of the integrity of the intestinal mucosa after chemotherapy. PMID- 6786737 TI - Treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung with ftorafur, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin (FACP) and intensive iv hyperalimentation. PMID- 6786738 TI - Phase I study of ICRF-187 using a daily for 3 days schedule. AB - ICRF-187, the enantiomer of ICRF-159 formulated for iv use, was administered to 23 patients in a phase I clinical trial. The dose ranged from 500 to 1500 mg/m2 every day for 3 days and was repeated every 28 days. The toxic effects included moderate to severe leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which recovered by the 21st day of a treatment cycle. Myelosuppression was more severe in patients with prior nitrosourea treatment. Nonmyelosuppressive toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, transient elevations in liver function tests, alopecia, and increased urinary clearances of iron and zinc. The starting dose for phase II trials should be 1250 mg/m2 daily for 3 days repeated at 21-day intervals. PMID- 6786739 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid levels of hexamethylmelamine and N-demethylated metabolites. PMID- 6786740 TI - Phase I trial of ICRF-187 by 48-hour continuous infusion. AB - ICRF-187 is the D-enantiomer of the racemic antitumor agent ICRF-159 and was selected for clinical trials on the basis of aqueous solubility suitable for iv administration. Eighteen patients with refractory advanced solid tumors received ICRF-187 by a 48-hour continuous iv infusion in 5% Dextrose in Water, USP. The total dose ranged from 200 to 1000 mg/m2/48 hours. Courses were repeated at 22- 28-day intervals. The major toxic effect was reversible granulocytopenia, with the nadir on Day 12 and the recovery by Day 22. At a dose of 1000 mg/m2/48 hours, the median nadir total wbc count was 1700/mm3 (range, 1300--2600), and the median nadir granulocyte count was 597/mm3 (range, 270--1300). Platelet count nadirs of less than 100,000/mm3 occurred in only three of 16 courses at this level. Granulocyte toxicity was not cumulative and was less severe in repeated courses (median nadir, 1000/mm3 in courses two and three). Mild nausea, malaise, and three instances of alopecia were the only nonhematologic toxic effects encountered. Compared to other schedules, a continuous 48-hour infusion of ICRF 187 seems to have greater toxic effects for a given total dose, and this may predict greater biologic effect. A starting dose of 1000 mg/m2 by a 48-hour continuous infusion is recommended for phase II trials. PMID- 6786741 TI - Hexamethylmelamine in mustard-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6786742 TI - Chemistry of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and related compounds. PMID- 6786743 TI - In vivo carcinogenesis of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and related compounds. PMID- 6786744 TI - Metabolism of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and related compounds. PMID- 6786745 TI - Molecular biology of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide in the prokaryotic system. PMID- 6786746 TI - Actions of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide on eucaryotic cells: molecular and cellular studies. PMID- 6786747 TI - In vitro carcinogenesis by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and related compounds. PMID- 6786749 TI - [To the extent, development and genetic predisposition to the so-called diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (osteodesmosis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786748 TI - Synthesis of alpha- and beta-glycosides containing spin labels, as probes for studies of carbohydrate-protein interaction. AB - Nitroxide spin-labeled alpha-D-glycopyranosides were synthesized in good yield and in a highly stereoselective manner by reaction of per-O-benzyl-alpha-D glycopyranosyl bromides with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinol under the bromide ion-catalyzed conditions devised by Lemieux et al. After hydrogenolysis, the deblocked intermediates were oxidized to give the desired, spin-labeled alpha-D glycopyranosides. Nitroxide spin-labeled beta-D-glycopyranosides, as well as a beta-maltoside, were synthesized by standard methods. The synthesis is also described of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and -D-galactose derivatives having a spin label at C-2, and of the spin-labeled compound 1-[4-(beta-D galactopyranosyloxy)phenyl]-3-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl -4-yl)-2 thiourea. PMID- 6786750 TI - [Serum osmolality changes in osmotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786751 TI - Cobalt filling of sensory projections from internal and external mouthparts in Drosophila. AB - Phase-contrast microscopy of 2.5 micron plastic sections reveals five different kinds of sense organs on the internal mouthparts of Drosophila melanogaster: a ventral group of sensilla on the epipharynx, three kinds of sense organs in the middle part of the sucking apparatus (the cibarium), one of them being described here for the first time, and an additional type of sensillum in the dorsal pharynx (Fig. 1). Three of these internal sense organs resembling each other structurally form similar projection patterns in the tritocerebrum, whereas external taste receptors on the labial palps show a different pattern in the suboesophageal ganglion (Fig. 12). The central projections of these internal and external sensilla were traced by applying an ethanolic solution of cobalt on the intact cuticle. PMID- 6786752 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of FSH and LH in the pars distalis of vervet (Cercopithecus aethiops) and baboon (Papio hamadryas) pituitaries. AB - Antisera against oLH, beta oLH and beta hFSH were used to localize gonadotropic cells in the pars distalis of Cercopithecus aethiops and Papio hamadryas. Three separate cell types were observed for FSH and LH: 85% of immunohistochemically identified gonadotropic cells reacted to all the various antisera; 10% reacted with the anti-beta oLH antibody only; and 5% with the anti-beta hFSH antibody only. Comparisons between adjacent serial sections treated with various antisera, other than anti-gonadotropic hormones, demonstrated that the "gonadotropic cells" of these monkeys did not respond to these antisera. PMID- 6786753 TI - Three cDNA clones encoding mouse transplantation antigens: homology to immunoglobulin genes. AB - We constructed cDNA libraries from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from cell lines of two different inbred strains of mice, and screened the libraries with a cDNA clone encoding a human transplantation antigen. Three cDNA clones were identified, sequenced and found to encode amino acid sequences highly homologous to portions of a known mouse transplantation antigen. Comparison of the cDNA sequences of mouse transplantation antigens with the constant region domains of the mouse immunoglobulin mu gene reveals a striking homology, which suggests that the two genes share a common ancestor. Antibody genes undergo DNA rearrangement during B cell differentiation that are correlated with their expression. In contrast, DNA blots with these cDNA probes suggest that the genes for the transplantation antigens are not rearranged in the genomes of liver or embryo cells, which express these antigens, as compared with sperm cells, which do not express these antigens. In Bam Hl-digested liver DNAs from different inbred strains of mice, 10 15 bands of hybridization were found. Accordingly, the genes encoding the transplantation antigens appear to constitute a multigene family with similar gene numbers in different mice. PMID- 6786754 TI - Sequence-specific fragmentation of macronuclear DNA in a holotrichous ciliate. AB - Macronuclear DNA from the protozoan G. chattoni, a holotrichous ciliate, was analyzed. Most, if not all, of the macronuclear DNA is subchromosomal, ranging in size from above 100 kb down to 2.1 kb, with molecules in the lower molecular weight range being resolvable by gel electrophoresis into reproducible, specific, discrete size classes. A prominent class of linear 9.3 kb molecules consists of single free rRNA genes. Upon denaturation of total macronuclear DNA was found as single-stranded circles. Sequence analysis of showed that a minimum of 38 tandem repeats of the sequence CCCCAA is present in inverted orientation at each end of most or all Glaucoma macronuclear DNA molecules, including the rDNA. This sequence must therefore be recognized during site-specific fragmentation of chromosomes in macronuclear development. PMID- 6786755 TI - Protein component from Drosophila larval nuclei showing sequence specificity for a short region near a major heat-shock protein gene. AB - Using a nitrocellulose filter binding assay we have detected a protein component in extracts prepared from the nuclei of D. melanogaster third instar larvae which shows sequence-specific binding to a short region on a cloned D. melanogaster DNA segment containing a copy of the major heat-shock protein gene. The specificity of binding was confirmed by direct visualization of the protein DNA complexes in the electron microscope. Protein blotting experiments demonstrated that three polypeptides in the extract were capable of such sequence-specific binding. The protein binding site detected in this cloned sequence lies 800-1000 bp upstream from the presumptive transcription start. PMID- 6786756 TI - The role of DNA rearrangement and alternative RNA processing in the expression of immunoglobulin delta genes. AB - We have established the exon-intron structure of the gene coding for the constant (C) region of the mouse immunoglobulin delta heavy chain, using DNA clones isolated from BALB/c embryos and the delta mRNA extracted from two delta producing hybridomas, B1-8. delta 1 and GCL2.8. At least three types of C delta gene structures are identified. A 2.7 kb delta mRNA reveals six exons. This delta mRNA may code for a membrane-bound delta chain. A second delta mRNA of 1.8 kb shares the first (5' side relative to direction of transcription) three exons with the 2.7 kb delta mRNA and in addition contains a fourth exon unique to this mRNA species. This delta mRNA most likely codes for a secreted delta chain. A third delta mRNA, also of 1.8 kb, shares the first four exons and a part of the fifth exon with the 2.7 kb mRNA. Its function, if any, remains unclear. We investigated the question of how a lymphocyte can produce the mu and delta heavy chains simultaneously, using the hybridoma GCL 2.8, which makes both IgM and IgD. Results of Southern gel blot analysis and gene cloning experiments indicate that this cell utilizes the same rearranged VH gene for the synthesis of the mu and delta chains, and yet maintains the embryonic configuration for the C mu and C delta genes and for the intervening region. Based on these results, we conclude that the VH sequence is spliced alternatively to the C mu or C delta sequence during processing of the primary RNA transcript. An alternative mechanism for the expression of the delta gene is found in hybridoma B1-8. delta 1, which actively secretes delta chains and synthesizes no mu chain. This mechanism involves deletion of the C mu gene, which brings the complete VH gene closer to the C delta gene. PMID- 6786757 TI - Miscleavage at the presequence of rat preprolactin synthesized in pituitary cells incubated with a threonine analog. AB - We have shown previously that processing of preprolactin to prolactin in isolated rat pituitaries is inhibited by the threonine analog, beta-hydroxynorvaline (Hnv), presumably because of its substitution for the threonine at the cleavage site. Here, we show by amino-terminal sequence analyses that Hnv altered the site at which preprolactin produced had three extra amino acids at the amino terminus. The miscleaved prolactin was secreted into the medium, and there was a delay of approximately 5 min between the initial appearance of prolactin and the formation of miscleaved prolactin. This lag period suggests that miscleaved prolactin did not represent an intermediate in the normal processing of preprolactin but resulted from cleavage of completed preprolactin chains containing Hnv. These results show that modification of the structure of a preprotein can alter the site of its cleavage. One site that appears to be critical for correct cleavage is the final amino acid residue in the prepeptide. The data also indicate that complete removal of the presequence is not required for secretion of a protein. PMID- 6786758 TI - A transmembrane relationship between fibronectin and vinculin (130 kd protein): serum modulation in normal and transformed hamster fibroblasts. AB - Using electron microscopy, we had previously demonstrated a very close transmembrane relationship between actin microfilaments and fibronectin fibrils, termed the fibronexus. Since vinculin, a recently discovered intracellular protein, is localized at the membrane-insertion regions of actin fibers, we studied its possible relationship to fibronectin and the fibronexus. Using double label immunofluorescence microscopy, we have observed that the distributions of vinculin and fibronectin are strikingly coincident in normal Nil 8 hamster fibroblasts arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, and in HSV-transformed Nil hamster cells treated with purified fibronectin after culturing in 0.3% serum. Extensively spread Nil 8 cells have numerous vinculin-positive focal patches, which are localized either directly over or in tandem with fibronectin fibers at the ventral surface. However, fibronectin and vinculin do not exhibit this relationship in Nil 8 cells grown in 5% serum. These vinculin patches closely resemble the vinculin plaques that Geiger found to be dark under interference-reflection microscopy, suggesting that fibronectin is associated with substrate-adhesion plaques in arrested cells. Fibronectin treatment of the HSV-transformed Nil cells cultured in a low concentration of serum results in the formation of ventral microprocesses, exhibiting an extraordinary congruence of vinculin and fibronectin staining. In addition, these cells bind matrix-like arrangements of fibronectin on their dorsal surface at sites of cell-cell interaction that are vinculin-negative. These results imply that two distinct types of fibronexuses may exist: a ventral substrate-adhesive nexus consisting of fibronectin, vinculin and actin, and a dorsal association matrix fibers. Transmembrane vinculin-fibronectin associations are evidently sensitive to the growth state of the cell. PMID- 6786759 TI - The differential sensitivity of T-cell and B-cell mitogenesis to in vitro zinc deficiency. PMID- 6786760 TI - Interactions of tumor-associated fetal antigens with rat histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6786762 TI - [Some fractions of polychlorinated biphenyls and their effect on rabbit skin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786761 TI - Macrophage heterogeneity and Ir-gene control as factors involved in the immune response of guinea pigs to infection with Leishmania enrietti. PMID- 6786763 TI - [The effect of lysine on ocular lime burns]. PMID- 6786764 TI - [Regression of human cerebellar ataxia under long term administration of 5 hydroxytryptophan]. AB - 18 patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia were given for 12 months, high doses of D-L-5 Hydroxytryptophan (16 mg/kg/day) with a peripheral inhibitor of 5 HTP Decarboxylase. The ataxia was regularly evaluated with a semi-quantitative score and quantitative measurements, allowing a computerized processing of the data. A highly significant improvement of the static ataxia was observed at the 12th month, while adiadocokinesia, hypermetria and dysarthria were also influenced. These results could correspond to the presence of serotoninergic nerve terminals in the cerebellar cortex, the cerebellar deep nuclei and the inferior olivary complex. Moreover, the improvement of the ataxia continued for 3 months after treatment stopped, suggesting an effect distinct from the classical neuromediation phenomenon. PMID- 6786765 TI - [A supernormal period in the parallel fibers of the cerebellum of the rat and mouse]. AB - The response to a conditioning stimulus applied to a bundle of parallel fibres of the Rat or Mouse cerebellum is followed by a supernormal period during which the fibre conduction velocity increases by an average of 12% in the Rat and 6% in the Mouse. The duration of this effect is about 250 msec. in the Rat and 350 msec. in the Mouse, with maximal values at 60 and 100 msec. respectively. PMID- 6786766 TI - [Preservation of the allosteric properties of the protein receptor for acetylcholine in detergent solution without addition of lipids]. AB - Solubilization by Na cholate of acetylcholine receptor-rich membrane fragments from Torpedo marmorata, followed by exchange of NA cholate by the neutral detergent "Tween 80" yields the receptor protein in its 9 S soluble light form; under these conditions, without adding lipids, the receptor protein conserves its characteristic binding properties for the fluorescent agonist Dns-C6-Cho as followed by fast kinetic techniques, and the allosteric regulation by non competitive blockers. PMID- 6786767 TI - [Inhibition of insulin secretion in vitro by serum of diabetic subjects in the presence of complement]. AB - In order to explore complement-dependent humoral immunity in insulin-dependent diabetic patients, their serum was incubated with Mouse isolated pancreatic islets in the presence of complement, after which the response of these islets to glucose was estimated by measuring insulin secretion. Out of 13 sera from insulin dependent diabetic patients, 5 caused a significant inhibition of the insulin response. Morphological observation of islets suggested that this inhibition was due to a cytotoxic effect of the sera. In the absence of complement, the same sera were not able to suppress insulin release. No beta-cell inhibition or morphological damage was detectable on islets incubated with sera from 13 healthy subjects and 4 non-insulin dependent diabetic patients, in the presence or in the absence of complement. Complement-dependent humoral immunity may play a role in the beta-cell injury of insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6786768 TI - [Hypertriglyceridemia and tumors. Production of stable cultures of Green's lymphoma]. AB - In Golden Hamster the Greene malignant lymphoma is a subcutaneous and homotransplantable tumor whose development is associated with a constant hypertriglyceridemia and a large-decreased plasma post-heparin lipase activity. The tumoral cell line is well maintained on a human fibroblast monolayer culture and is demonstrated to secrete two IgG immunoglobulins. PMID- 6786769 TI - [Antibodies against the Marburg virus among human populations in the southeastern Central African Republic]. AB - A serological survey was carried out in the south-east of the Central African Republic in 1979 to investigate the incidence of Marburg virus in the human population. Serum samples were tested using the indirect immunofluorescence method on infected and inactivated Vero cells (green monkey kidney) on slides prepared by the Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, U.S.A. Out of 499 samples, 7 were positive. Two of them showed a high antibody titre of 1/64. Both patients were retested 10 months later and again found positive at the same titre. These two antibody carriers had never had any haemorrhagic syndrome. This is the first evidence of non-apparent Marburg virus infection in man without any epidemic. These findings constitute a first approach towards the discovery of natural foci of this virus. PMID- 6786770 TI - [A new synthetic antibacterial : 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4 oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinolin-3-carboxylic acid (1589 R.B.)]. AB - The 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-6-fluoro-7-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline- 3 carboxylic acid (1589 R.B.) is a broad antibacterial agent active in experimental infections. The toxicological and pharmacokinetic profiles of the compound administered as methane sulfonic salt (1589 m R.B.), seem to suggest the possibility of using it in systemic infections. PMID- 6786771 TI - [Isolation of 2 thermophilic methanogenic strains belonging to the Methanobacterium family]. AB - Two thermophilic methanogenic bacteria were respectively isolated from bovine and swine wastes. Morphologically, these two strains belong to the genus Methanobacterium, but by their nutritional properties (growth factor requirements and formate utilization as methanogenic substrate), they seem to be different from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum. PMID- 6786772 TI - [Analysis of the stability and local cooperativity of DNA : elements permitting the recognition of promoters by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase]. AB - Analysis of the local stability of promoters processed by E. Coli RNA polymerase shows that they bear a characteristic stability profile: two segments of low stability are located around --35 and --8 bases ahead of the transcription start and are generally bordered by more stable segments. This key profile may act as a recognition signal for both attracting and positioning the RNA polymerase in the promoter site. PMID- 6786773 TI - [Pars tuberalis : a neuro-endocrine formation. Study in the piglet]. AB - Pars tuberalis of the young Pig has been studied by cytoimmunological techniques and by electron microscopy. Electron microscopy demonstrates the high content of the area in nervous fibers and aminergy terminals making frequent synapses with granulated glandular cells. Amongst these, the majority were reacting as corticolipotropic cells of the intermediate lobe. However in the new-born pig, these cells, although very active and excreting in the perivascular spaces generally react with the anti-LPH beta immunesera. PMID- 6786774 TI - [Changes in the intestines of obstetrical toad (Alyte obstetrician) larvae during spontaneous metamorphosis or metamorphosis induced by thyroxine. Morphometric study and changes in the protein/DNA ratio]. AB - During spontaneous metamorphosis of Alytes obstetricans tadpoles (Anuran Amphibia), the gut undergoes important modifications. The gut weight/total weight and gut length/body length decrease by stage XVIII. They reach maximum reductions of 83 and 90%, respectively, by stage XXIII. Tail regression begins only by stage XX. The intestinal protein/DNA ratio peaks to a maximum by stage XIX, decreases greatly by stage XX then increases slightly by stage XXII. During thyroxine induced metamorphosis, the morphometric changes are observable after a lag period of 36-48 hs, prior to detectable tail reduction. The intestinal protein/DNA ratio of T4-treated tadpoles remains constant and no difference with control data is noted. PMID- 6786775 TI - [Demonstration of bone tissue in the axial skeleton of a chondrichthian: the dogfish (Scyliorhinus canicula)]. AB - Dogfish vertebra have been studied by means of an undecalcified hard tissue method, including microradiography and tetracycline labelling. The transversal section of Dogfish vertebra shows a centrum and two couples of neural and hemal arches. The mineralized area consists of a narrow but continuous band, just against the perichondrium, formed by chondrocytes that participate in the surrounding matrix mineralization. The neural arches appear quite different: the upper parts contain hypertrophied cartilage and, close to it, the inner zones are formed by a crescent-shaped lamellar bone containing osteoblasts and osteocytes. A tetracycline label of these two types of hard tissue reveals a globular calcification with calcospherites and Liesegang rings, at the level of calcified cartilage and a strong and linear label of the inner border of the osseous tissue. The presence of osseous tissue in Elasmobranch endoskeleton is discussed in relation to, on one hand the evolution of the Gnathostomes skeleton and on an other hand the endocrinological point of view of calcium metabolism regulation in this group. PMID- 6786776 TI - [Effect of fetal calf serum on the in vitro differentiation or maintenance of the seminiferous cords of the testis of the fetal rat]. AB - The differentiation of seminiferous cords can be obtained in in vitro cultures, in a synthetic medium, of undifferentiated fetal Rat gonads. In older testes the seminiferous cords are maintained under these conditions. On the contrary, adding 15% fetal Calf serum to the medium prevents the differentiation of the seminiferous cords or provokes the disruption of the already formed cords (days 14 and 15). These actions are exerted upon the fetal Sertoli cells. PMID- 6786777 TI - [Antibodies against the photoproduct of thymidylyl (3'-5')-ribothymidine dinucleoside monophosphate]. AB - The synthesis of thymidylyl (3'-5')-ribothymidine (Tp5meU) is described. After ultraviolet irradiation., the dinucleoside was linked to serum albumin and then injected into rabbits. Antibodies against irradiated Tp5meU were purified by affinity chromatography. The specificity of the antibodies has been studied by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6786778 TI - [Mechanism of renal elimination of 2 elements of group IIIA of the periodic table : aluminum and indium]. AB - Aluminium and indium, two elements of group IIIA of the periodic table, are concentrated by the kidney inside lysosomes of proximal tubule cell. In these lysosomes, aluminium and indium are precipitated as non-soluble phosphate salts and these precipitates are then expelled in the tubular lumen and eliminated with the urinary flow. These data have been visualized by analytical microscopy (ion microscopy and X ray microanalysis). Local acid phosphatases are assumed to permit the concentration of aluminium and indium salts inside the lysosomes. PMID- 6786779 TI - [Intestinal lymphatic absorption of labelled oleic acid in the normal rat and rat treated with actidione-cycloheximide or acetoxycycloheximide]. AB - Actidione-cycloheximide or acetoxycycloheximide treated and control Rats prepared with main mesenteric lymph duct cannulation were infused with a 90 mumol lipid emulsion composed of an equimolar mixture of monopalmitin, palmitic acid and 14C oleic acid and added with bile. In control Rats 75% of 14C oleic was recovered in lymph instead of 4,5% in treated rats. Although a low amount of lipids was concerned in this experiment, actidionecycloheximide and acetoxycycloheximide strongly inhibit intestinal absorption of oleic acid in lymph. PMID- 6786780 TI - [Metabolism of mineral forms of sulfur in Neisseria gonorrhoeae : demonstration of a thiosulfate reductase]. PMID- 6786781 TI - [Kinetics of desialylation of orosomucoid: effect on its immunochemical behavior in radial immunodiffusion and one-dimensional electroimmunodiffusion]. PMID- 6786782 TI - [Effect of methotrexate on oxygen consumption of L1210 cells and their isolated mitochondria]. AB - Methotrexate, at doses inhibiting cell growth without any lethal effect, alters oxygen consumption in L 1210 cells as soon as 3 hrs. after culture. After a 24 hrs. treatment with methotrexate, there is a close relationship between cellular oxygen uptake and growth inhibition. These two effects are reversible. With mitochondria from treated cells, an inhibition of respiration is observed in the presence of glutamate-malate. No effect occurs with succinate. These results in vitro are compatible with concentrations used in patients. PMID- 6786783 TI - [Fragile site Xq27 and metabolism of monocarbons. Significant decrease of the frequency of chromosomal gaps by treatment in vitro and in vivo]. AB - A decrease of frequency of a gap at the extremity of the long arm of the X chromosome (fragile site Xq27) is obtained by adjonction of monocarbons precursors to lymphocytes cultures. The efficacity of the treatments is precised by the analysis of 44 629 mitoses. For the first time, in one patient, parenteral administration of 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolate lead to a clinical improvement with concomitant disappearance of the gap. PMID- 6786784 TI - [The use of pattern recognition for analysing the possible relation between molecular structure of polycyclic hydrocarbons and their carcinogenicity]. AB - Pattern recognition has been used for investigating the part played by the molecular structure of polycyclic hydrocarbons in their carcinogenic action. A series of molecules has been considered, whose physicochemical properties are known to be closely related to the number and location of their aromatic rings. From a pattern recognition program and two learning subsets (carcinogenic and non carcinogenic molecules), it has been shown that (i) the shape of the molecule is correlated with its carcinogenic power; (ii) an index of carcinogenicity can be estimated for any molecule in the considered set. PMID- 6786785 TI - [Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on prolactin secretion in man]. AB - The effect of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on plasma prolactin has been tested in two human subjects. When perfused at low doses (few micrograms per minute), VIP increased the prolactin levels in both sexes, the response being more important in Woman (3.5-fold over basal) than in Man (2-fold). VIP may be a physiological regulator of prolactin release in humans. This peptide may be a specific tool for the clinical investigation of the prolactin function. PMID- 6786786 TI - [The first cleavage of tubal sheep eggs after fertilization with epididymal or ejaculated spermatozoa]. AB - Prealpes ewes (N = 40) were inseminated with mature (ejaculated or epididymal cauda) or immature (epididymal corpus) spermatozoa deposited in the uterine cavity at the time of an induced ovulation (61 hrs. after PMSG injection). Intratubal eggs, recovered and examined either 38 or 48 hrs. later, showed significant differences in segmentation depending on the degree of epididymal maturation of the spermatozoa. Proportion cleaved: 85% of eggs were cleaved after insemination with mature spermatozoa and only 30% after immature spermatozoa were used. Stage of cleavage: 48 hrs. after insemination with mature spermatozoa, 87% eggs were beyond the 4-cell stage, versus 0% after immature spermatozoa. PMID- 6786787 TI - [Difficulties in obtaining a reliable test for determining the virulence of a parasitic flagellate (Trichomonas vaginalis)]. AB - Base on intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculations, the tests of pathogenicity of T. vaginalis, for Mice, do not seem reliable, in our experiments. The impossibility of obtaining reproducible results is bound to the heterogeneity of reactions to parasite of Mice from the same strain. This individual effect demands a serious statistical study in the appreciation of pathogenicity. PMID- 6786788 TI - [Genetic interpretation of flagellate zymograms of the genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania]. AB - A survey of enzyme variability between several strains of Trypanosoma cruzi allows to think that these organisms are diploids. According to the data sexuality, may be only occasional, has been hypothesized, at least in the recent past. The genetic distances between three strains are calculated for twelve loci. PMID- 6786789 TI - [Effects of local anesthetics (procaine, tetracaine) on slow calcium permeability and contraction of frog skeletal muscle fiber]. AB - Slow inward calcium current and contraction were simultaneously recorded from isolated muscle fibres. When the release of calcium form the SR was blocked by local anaesthetics (Procaine, Tetracaine), the strict correlation between these two parameters was no longer obtained, suggesting that a calcium induced calcium release mechanism is necessary for the activation of the contractile proteins by the slow inward calcium current. PMID- 6786790 TI - [Motor or aversive effects associated with analgesic effects induced by electric stimulation of the periaqueductal gray matter in rats]. AB - The analgesia induced in the Rat by a stimulation applied to the periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) was reevaluated. With the exception of a few stimulation sites located in the ventral PAG, the stimulation-induced analgesia was generally accompanied by strong aversive effects (dorsal and dorsolateral PAG) or motor effects (ventral PAG). These results raise the problem of a possible involvement of "stress-produced analgesia" and motor disturbances in the production of analgesia by PAG stimulation. PMID- 6786791 TI - An EMG analysis of the effectiveness of external ankle support during sudden ankle inversion. AB - The effectiveness of external ankle support in influencing the role of a primary ankle everter during the application of an ankle inverting torque was examined by monitoring the electromyographic (EMG) output of the peroneous longus. Six male intercollegiate athletes were randomly placed in a balanced latin squares design, and were tested under three treatment conditions: (a) wrapped, (b) taped, (c) no external support. The subjects performed a backward stepdown movement. During the experimental step, a trapdoor in the lower platform collapsed so as to form a potential ankle inverting angle of 30 degrees. Sixteen millimeter film was used to record each subject's stepping sequence. The film was in turn synchronized to the subject's recordings of EMG activity. Statistical analysis of the integrated EMG pulse counts showed a significant difference (P less than .05) between the normal (control) and ankle inverting (experimental) steps. No significant differences (P less than .05) were detected between treatments. It was concluded that the apparatus placed a measurable stress on the ankle and that preventive ankle strapping has no statistically significant (P less than .05) effect on the tension developed in the peroneous longus during a quick inversion (less than or equal to 30 degrees) of the ankle joint. PMID- 6786792 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis in humans: fact or myth? PMID- 6786793 TI - Radionuclide assessment of peripheral intravascular capacity: a technique to measure intravascular volume changes in the capacitance circulation in man. AB - Changes in the capacitance vasculature influence venous return and cardiac performance, so an understanding of the effects of pathophysiologic states on the human capacitance vasculature is necessary to understand integrated cardiovascular function in man. Techniques available to assess the capacitance vasculature in man, however, have limitations. We performed radionuclide imaging of the calf or forearm in 51 patients whose erythrocytes had been labeled in vivo with technetium-99m, basing our approach on the principle that counts from the radiolabeled intravascular space are proportional to blood volume. Two-minute or 15 second count acquisitions were obtained from the calf in 42 patients. Counts obtained at rest demonstrated little variation. With veno-occlusion at 15 and 30 mm Hg, counts increased 8 +/- 1% (+/- SEM) (p less than 0.001) and 28 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001), respectively. After 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin, counts increased 9 +/- 1% (p less than 0.001). With leg elevation, counts decreased 34 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001). Response patterns were similar with 2-minute and 15 second acquisitions. In nine patients who underwent forearm imaging (2-minute acquisitions), counts increased 14 +/- 2% (p less than 0.001) and 26 +/- 4% (p less than 0.001) at 15- and 30-mm Hg veno-occlusion and 15 +/- 3% (p less than 0.001) after nitroglycerin. Volume displacements, recorded simultaneously with a fluid-filled plethysmograph about the contralateral forearm, correlated linearly in all nine patients. Thus, gamma camera imaging of the radiolabeled peripheral intravascular space provides a quantitative and reliable assessment of peripheral vascular capacity in man. The technique could be used in conjunction with gated cardiac imaging in order to assess the interactions of peripheral vascular capacity and ventricular performance. PMID- 6786794 TI - Measurement of alum precipitated allergen extracts of RAST inhibition methods. AB - The feasibility of measuring the allergenic activities of alum precipitated pollen extracts by means of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was investigated. Different batches of aqueous and alum precipitated birch and mixed grass pollen extracts were used as antigens. The alum precipitates could be readily dissolved with 0.1 M EDTA (pH 9.0) without any loss in allergenicity. No significant differences in RAST activities of undissolved and dissolved alum precipitated allergen extracts could be detected in terms of ability to inhibit the binding of allergen specific IgE to solid-phase allergens. PMID- 6786795 TI - Diagnosis of penicillin allergy by means of Phadebas RAST penicilloyl G and V and skin tests. AB - Fifty patients with suspected allergy to penicillin were tested. Skin tests were done with Na-penicillin G and penicilloyl-polylysin. Specific IgE antibody assays were done with penicilloyl G and V conjugates by means of RAST. The overall agreement between skin test and RAST results was 87%, borderline cases not included. In one case, skin tests were positive to penicillamine only, while RAST for penicilloyl G and V both proved to be positive. One case of penicillin allergy could be diagnosed in vitro post mortem only. Two cases of Hoigne syndrome showed no evidence of allergy. Patterns of skin manifestations varied but urticaria was the most commonly seen feature. Twenty patients without adverse reactions to penicillin treatment and seven patients who had not received penicillin over the last 10 years served as controls. None of them were positive in either skin tests of RAST. Two or our twenty control patients developed penicillin allergy during the study. Both showed positive RAST results. PMID- 6786797 TI - Improved method for determination of triglycerides in plasma lipoproteins by an enzymic kit method. PMID- 6786796 TI - A comparative trial of flunisolide and sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. AB - A trial of flunisolide nasal spray and sodium cromoglycate nasal spray in the treatment of hay fever was carried out during the summer of 1978. Sixty-seven patients all suffering from grass-pollen hay fever were given either flunisolide or sodium cromoglycate nasal sprays for 7 weeks. Patients were seen at 0, 3 and 7 weeks and they also kept a daily record of symptoms. Overall assessment of symptom control and the patients daily records of sneezing showed flunisolide to be significantly superior to sodium cromoglycate. Patients records of symptoms correlated well with daily pollen counts. Side-effects were similar in both treatment groups and consisted mainly of mild naso-pharyngeal irritations. PMID- 6786798 TI - Quantitative determination of human plasma apolipoprotein A-I by laser immunonephelometry. AB - A technical procedure is described for quantitation of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) in normal plasma or serum by immunonephelometry. Dilution of the plasma samples with 6 mol/L guanidine chloride ensures maximum exposure of the antigenic sites of the apoprotein and enables optimum quantitation of the apo A-I without requiring extraction with organic solvents. Similar data are obtained by this assay and with radioimmunoassay for normal subjects (1.2--1.5 g/L), and the results obtained on 31 patients are correlated with a coefficient of 0.92. The apo A-I values are correlated with values for plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.64). The interassay CV for immunonephelometry is about 7% and the standard curve is linear between 0.1 and 1.0 microgram of apo A-I per sample, corresponding to a 150-fold dilution of serum or plasma. The assay is applicable to plasma samples containing as much as 4 g of triglycerides per liter. At higher concentrations plasma delipidation is required. PMID- 6786799 TI - Kinetic immunoturbidimetry of human choriomammotropin in serum. AB - The sensitivity of kinetic immunoturbidimetry as a method for the measurement of specific proteins has been shown previously to be equivalent to 1 mg of analyte per liter. We confirm this in the method for human choriomammotropin described here. A relatively large sample volume is required, which results in other components of serum influencing the immunoprecipitin reaction. The technique is shown to be precise, and results compare well with those by a commonly available radioimmunoassay. The method performs well, as judged from results obtained for assayed quality control materials and in an external quality assurance program. The method is rapid (instrument assay time 120 s per sample), automated, and economical for routine use. PMID- 6786800 TI - 3H and 125I radioimmunoassays of haloperidol compared with fluoroimmunoassay involving antibody coupled to magnetizable solid phase. AB - Radioimmunoassays for haloperidol are described, involving use of tritium- or 125I-labeled drug or tritium-labeled spiroperidol, and a rabbit antiserum to a drug/bovine serum albumin conjugate. The 125I-labeled drug was prepared by the Chloramine T iodination technique. A fluoroimmunoassay for haloperidol is also described in which the antiserum is coupled to magnetizable solid-phase medium, and fluorescein-labeled haloperidol is used. The assays have acceptable accuracy, precision, and reproducibility, and are specific for haloperidol and similar butyrophenones, with no significant interference from known metabolites and other drugs. Only the radioimmunoassays have sufficient sensitivity to cover the whole range of haloperidol concentrations in serum. The fluoroimmunoassay can be used to monitor high concentrations of haloperidol in 150-microL samples or the complete concentration range of 1-mL serum samples that are extracted and concentrated before assay. PMID- 6786801 TI - An improved assay for iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase in serum and its use in the detection of carriers of the Hunter syndrome. AB - A more sensitive assay procedure has been developed for the enzyme iduronate 2 sulphate sulphatase which is deficient in the Hunter syndrome. The substrate is the same as previously described by Lim et al. [1], O-(alpha-L-idopyranosyluronic acid 2-sulphate)-(1leads to 4)-2,5 anhydro-D-[3H-1]mannitol 6-sulphate, but, after incubation, it is separated from the product by ion-exchange chromatography on a micro-column of Dowex 1 x 2 (Cl-1) instead of high voltage electrophoresis or ECTEOLA cellulose chromatography. Since the blank correction is then much smaller, a shorter incubation time can be used and conversion of the substrate reduced from approximately 50% down to levels where complications resulting from substrate depletion and product inhibition are minimal. Using whole serum the apparent Km for the substrate is 0.2 mmol/l. With an incubation time of 20 min, sera from heterozygotes exhibited approximately 35% of the normal levels of iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase (0.11-0.61, mean 0.34 nmol.h-1.mg-1 protein for carriers; 0.24-2.35, mean 0.94 nmol.h-1.mg-1 protein for 37 normal females). Serum analyses can thus be used to supplement those on hair roots in the detection of carriers of the Hunter syndrome. PMID- 6786802 TI - Site of alkaline phosphatase attachment in alkaline phosphatase-immunoglobulin G complexes. AB - Sera containing the rare alkaline phosphatase-immunoglobulin G complex were studied to try to determine the type of interaction involved. Pepsin and papain digestion of immunoglobulin G showed that alkaline phosphatase was attached to the F(ab')2 region of the immunoglobulin molecule and not to the Fc region. Sialic acid did not play a role in this attachment. Attempts to generate the complex in vitro using polyclonal immunoglobulin, and attempts to dissociate the complex is an immune complex in vitro, were both unsuccessful. It is concluded that the complex is an immune complex formed by antibody-antigen reaction in the circulation, and consists of two molecules of monovalent alkaline phosphatase associated with one molecule of divalent immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6786803 TI - Radiolabelled oligosaccharides as substrates for the estimation of sulfamidase and the detection of the Sanfilippo type A syndrome. AB - (1) A series of tritiated oligosaccharides, 2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-D-[1-14C]glucose (GlcNS) and [sulfamino-34S]heparin were evaluated as substrates for sulfamidase present in cultured human skin fibroblasts. (2) The following radiolabelled disaccharides were prepared from heparin: O-(alpha-2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-D glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 3)-L-[6,3H]idonic acid (GlcNS-IdOA) and O-(alpha-2 sulfamino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 3)-2,5 anhydro-L-[6,3H]idonic acid (HlcNS-anIdOA). Other radiolabelled oligosaccharides evaluated as sulfamidase substrates were the disaccharides O-(alpha-2-sulfamino-2-deoxy-D glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6,3H]idose (GlcNS-Ido) and O-(alpha-2-sulfamino 2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-)1 leads to 4)-L-[6,3H]idose 2-sulfate (GlcNS-Ido(OS)) and a preparation containing the tetrasaccharide GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-l-idonic acid, GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-anhydro-L-idonic acid and GlcNS-UA-GlcNS-L-gulonic acid. (3) Sulfamidase activity assessed with GlcNS-IdOA and GlcNS-anIdOA were approximately equal and up to 4, 8 and 800 times higher than the value obtained using [sulfamino-35S]heparin, GlcNS-Ido(OS) and GlcNS-Ido respectively. Under the assay conditions used GlcNS was not de-N-sulfated. These results demonstrate that C6 carboxyl and C2 sulfate ester groups on the adjacent residue to the sulfaminoglucosamine moiety are important structural requirements in the mechanism of action or binding of sulfamidase toward N-sulfated disaccharides. The results obtained for a partially characterized mixture of tetrasaccharides suggest that they are degraded four times faster than their disaccharide structural counterparts. (4) No detectable sulfamidase activity toward [sulfamino 35S]heparin, monosaccharide, disaccharide or tetrasaccharide substrates could be detected using homogenates of fibroblast cultures from Sanfilippo A patients (sulfamidase deficient). (5)sulfamidase activity measured with GlcNS-IdOA exhibited a pH optimum at 4.5 to 5.5, an apparent Km of approximately 220 mumol/l and potent inhibition by sulfate ions. PMID- 6786805 TI - Inhibition of thyroxine binding to serum proteins by fenclofenac and related compounds. AB - The anti-inflammatory drug fenclofenac lowers the serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3) in subjects taking a regular dose of 600 mg twice daily. In eight male volunteers the concentration of T4 in serum was reduced to almost a third of the pre-treatment value while the concentration of T3 fell by about a half. The interaction of fenclofenac, and related compounds, while the thyroid hormone binding proteins of serum was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis with measurement of the concentrations of the free T4 and T3 in the dialysate by immunoassay. Fenclofenac, at a concentration of 100 mg/l (of the order achieved therapeutically), increased the concentrations of free T4 and by 131% and free T3 by 62%. The related compounds which increased the free hormone concentrations (although at higher concentrations than achieved during therapy) include diclofenac, monohydroxyfenclofenac and dihydroxyfenclofenac. A second in vitro method was used to study the interaction of these drugs with isolated thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). An antiserum to TBG, coupled to Sephadex particles, was used to isolate TGB from other serum proteins. The effect of the different drugs on the binding of T4 by the immobilised TBG was then measured. These compounds competitively inhibit the binding of T4 by TBG, and for each an inhibitor constant (Ki) was determined. PMID- 6786804 TI - The diagnosis of the Sanfilippo C syndrome, using monosaccharide and oligosaccharide substrates to assay acetyl-CoA: 2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-glucoside N acetyltransferase activity. AB - Glucosamine, galactosamine, mannosamine, several disaccharides and a tetrasaccharide were evaluated as substrates for the N-acetyltransferase involved in the pathogenesis of the Sanfilippo C syndrome. Glucosamine and alpha-D glucosaminide disaccharides and a tetrasaccharide derived from heparin were exo-N acetylated by homogenates of cultured skin fibroblast from normal individuals at pH 6.0 in the presence of acetyl-CoA, whereas fibroblast homogenates prepared from a Sanfilippo C patient failed to catalyse the N-acetyltransferase from acetyl-CoA to these substrates. The apparent Km values of the glucosamine and alpha-glucosaminide disaccharide N-acetyltransferase were 98 and 200 mumol/l respectively; the corresponding V values were 200 and 180 nmol.min-1.g-1 fibroblast whole cell homogenate protein respectively. Incubation of homogenates from normal individuals or the Sanfilippo C patient with glucosamine 6-phosphate and acetyl-CoA at pH 6.0 produced N-acetylglucosamine 6-phosphate. Acetyltransfer to glucosamine or glucosamine 6-phosphate in homogenates of normal fibroblasts was not inhibited by the addition of arylamines. It is proposed that N acetyltransferase to glucosamine, glucosamine 6-phosphate and arylamines is carried out by separate enzymes. Glucosamine is a suitable substrate for the diagnostic assay of the enzyme involved in the exo-N-acetylation of alpha glucosaminide residues at the non-reducing end of the heparan sulfate stored and excreted by Sanfilippo C patients. PMID- 6786807 TI - A fluorometric assay for total diamines in human urine using human placental diamine oxidase. AB - The detailed procedure for a new fluorometric assay for total diamines in human urine is described. The diamines were purified from the urine by cation-exchange chromatography and incubated with human placental diamine oxidase. Hydrogen peroxide formed in the diamine oxidase reaction was measured fluorometrically by converting homovanillic acid to a highly fluorescent compound in the presence of peroxidase. Because of its simplicity and high sensitivity, our present method seems useful for routine clinical investigation. The data obtained from normal subjects and patients suffering from various forms of cancer are also presented. PMID- 6786806 TI - Sequential fluoroimmunoassay for measurement of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein using antibody coupled to magnetisable particles. AB - A direct, sequential fluoroimmunoassay has been developed for the determination of serum levels of pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1). The method employs rabbit anti-SP1 serum coupled to magnetisable cellulose-iron oxide particles and fluorescein-labelled SP1. Serum samples or standards are incubated with magnetisable solid phase anti-SP1 for 30 min. After magnetic sedimentation of the particles, the supernate, which includes endogenous fluorophores and other interfering factors, is discarded. Fluorescein-labelled SP1 is then added and incubated for a further 45 min; the particles are again sedimented and the fluorescence of the labelled SP1 remaining in the supernate is estimated. This reading related directly to the SP1 content of the original sample. The entire procedure, including fluorometry, is performed within a single disposable polystyrene test tube and is sufficiently simple and reliable for routine application. The sensitivity, specificity and precision is very similar to that of radioimmunoassay, and the results correlate with those of the radioimmunoassay (r = 0.9887). PMID- 6786808 TI - Effect of probucol on the activity of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. AB - The effect of discontinuation of long term (34-56 months) probucol treatment on serum lipids, lipoproteins and on the activity of postheparin plasma lipoprotein and hepatic lipase ahs been studied in 10 healthy males participating in a primary prevention programme of coronary heart disease. A significant increase was observed in the activity of postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase, in the total serum cholesterol concentration and in the serum concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, HDL phospholipids and apoprotein AI after withdrawal of the drug No changes were seen in the serum triglyceride levels or in the activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase. The activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase tended to correlate with the serum concentration of HDL. No correlations were present between the individual changes in the serum levels of HDL and in the activity of postheparin plasma triglyceride lipases. PMID- 6786809 TI - Prevention of hypoxemia during dialysis by the use of sequential isolated ultrafiltration-diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate dialyzate. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that hypoxemia does not occur during isolated ultrafiltration, but does occur during diffusion dialysis with acetate, whether it is performed alone or following a period of isolated ultrafiltration. To determine if the substitution of bicarbonate for acetate in dialyzate could prevent hypoxemia, we studied the effect of sequential isolated ultrafiltration diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate on arterial oxygen concentration. There was no significant change in pO2 during isolated ultrafiltration or the subsequent period of diffusion dialysis. In addition, excess body fluid could be removed and effective dialysis achieved without marked tachycardia or fluctuation in blood pressure. We conclude that sequential isolated ultrafiltration diffusion dialysis with bicarbonate is a safe and effective way of dialyzing patients without producing hypoxemia or cardiovascular instability. PMID- 6786810 TI - Splenic concentration of bone imaging agents in functional asplenia. AB - Three cases of sickle cell disease associated with functional asplenia are described. The spleen was not visualized on routine Tc-99m-sulfur colloid scan. The bone scan performed with Tc-99m-phosphate compounds revealed abnormal splenic activity in all three cases. The previous case reports and the literature on this subject are reviewed. PMID- 6786811 TI - Ocular manifestations of the fetal hydantoin syndrome. AB - Eleven per cent of infants exposed to hydantoins in utero have a recognizable pattern of abnormalities with serious clinical consequences. This report of a child born to a mother taking diphenylhydantoin emphasized the ocular findings. At birth and subsequent 8-month exam, a girl was noted to have microphthalmus, prominent iris vessels, and an inferior iris and choroidal colobma. Relation of these anomalies to teratogenic properties of diphenylhydantoin is discussed. PMID- 6786812 TI - Bone formation associated with osseous metastases from bladder carcinoma. AB - Twenty-four cases of carcinoma of the urinary bladder, involving bone, have been reviewed. Eighteen of these were distant metastases beyond the pelvis. The lesions were predominantly osteolytic. Ossification in the soft tissues adjacent to the bone metastasis was observed in three cases, all involving the left tibia. The reason for this site of predilection remains obscure. PMID- 6786813 TI - Passive permeability in experimental intestinal damage in rats. AB - 1. Experiments were performed to study the absorption of two simultaneously administered polar probes of different molecular size from closed intestinal loops in rats subjected to various mucosal structural lesions. 2. Absorption of mannitol (molecular radius approximately 0.40 nm) was significantly decreased in rats with villous atrophy and crypt hypoplasia induced by the cytostatic agent methotrexate. The absorption of lactulose (radius approximately 0.54 nm) was also decreased, in contrast to the increased absorption which was found in an earlier study when villous atrophy with crypt hyperplasia was induced by infection by a nematode. The effect of local damage to villous tips, produced by the intraluminal presence of a detergent, was to increase significantly the absorption of lactulose. 3. In conjunction with the findings of earlier studies, these results support the hypothesis that there are at least two routes for the permeation of polar molecules. Small molecules such as mannitol probably pass through numerous cellular pores with a maximum radius lying between 0.40 and 0.54 nm and absorption is closely related to mucosal surface area. Larger molecules such as lactulose are probably restricted to less numerous extracellular pathways and absorption may be related to cell shedding or other areas of mucosal damage. PMID- 6786814 TI - Tubular handling of phosphate along the nephron of thyroparathyroidectomized rats injected with ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate. AB - 1. Previous studies have shown that in thyroparathyroidectomized rats injection of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) at doses that inhibit bone mineral retention (0.16 mmol = 10 mg of phosphorus/kg body wt. per day subcutaneously) leads to a decrease in the net tubular reabsorption of phosphate. 2. In the present work the tubular response to EHDP (0.16 mmol/kg body wt.) injected subcutaneously for 9 days has been localized by free-flow micropuncture in thyroparathyroidectomized rats. 3. The results show tht the net tubular reabsorption of phosphate along the first portion of the (early) proximal tubule was markedly depressed in the EHDP-injected thyroparathyroidectomized rats compared with that in the pair-fed thyroparathyroidectomized control animals. In this latter group the delivery of phosphate to the distal tubule was larger than in the final urine, confirming previous reports. In the EHDP-injected thyroparathyroidectomized rats no difference in delivery of phosphate was found between the distal tubule and the final urine, suggesting that diphosphonate inhibited net reabsorption of phosphate in the terminal nephron. 4. The sites of the EHDP-induced changes in the tubular handling of phosphate were similar to those previously determined for the adaptive response to an increase in the supply of phosphate. PMID- 6786815 TI - Human saliva and semen: evidence for proteins common to both which do not occur in serum. AB - 1. Rabbit antiserum to human whole saliva cross-reacts with both human serum and semen. After absorption of the antiserum by affinity chromatography on a column of immobilized serum protein, the cross-reactions with serum were eliminated. 2. The absorbed antiserum, however, still cross-reacted with semen thus indicating the presence of proteins with immunological similarity in both saliva and semen, but which did not occur in serum. 3. Some of these proteins clearly showed a reaction of complete immunological identity between saliva and semen. 4. The presence of the non-serum proteins in both saliva and semen might be related to common functions in both such as lubrication or antibacterial activity. PMID- 6786816 TI - Effect of acute and chronic alcohol ingestion on the rate of folate catabolism and hepatic enzyme induction in mice. AB - 1. Folate deficiency is commonly found in alcoholic subjects although the causative mechanism is uncertain. It has been suggested that microsomal enzyme induction resulting from chronic alcohol ingestion might accelerate the rate of folate catabolism thus causing deficiency. 2. By using an experimental animal model to determine the rate of catabolism of [3H]pteroylglutamate (folic acid) by the quantitative estimation of the two urinary catabolites p [3H]aminobenzoylglutamate and [3H]acetamidobenzoylglumate, we have measured both the rate of folate catabolism and the extent of microsomal-enzyme induction in mice after acute and chronic alcohol ingestion. 3. Despite significant evidence of enzyme induction in the chronic alcohol group, there was no difference in the rate of folate catabolism after acute or chronic alcohol ingestion when compared with that of the controls. PMID- 6786817 TI - Development of a technique for measuring the oxidation rate of a 14C-labelled substrate from 14CO2 production without the need for collection of expired air. AB - 1. A method is proposed for the determination of the rate of oxidation of 14C labelled substrates in man from blood sampling only. 2. The method was verified by simulating release of 14C into the bicarbonate pool of patients by using a constant-rate infusion of sodium [14C]bicarbonate, the plasma level of total 14CO2 (d.p.m. ml-1 70 kg-1) correlating well (r = 0.878, P = 0.001) with the infusion rate (microCi/h). 3. Techniques involved in employing this method are discussed, particularly in the light of errors involved. PMID- 6786818 TI - Lipid peroxidation in iron-overloaded spleens. AB - 1. Iron-overloaded spleens from thalassaemic subjects showed a greatly increased susceptibility to free-radical oxidation (peroxidation) in vitro. 2. Iron content was the main but not the only variable governing susceptibility. Added ascorbate had a dose-dependent action either as an antioxidant or as a pro-oxidant, the direction of its effect depending mainly on the degree of iron overload. This has therapeutic implications. PMID- 6786819 TI - [Clinical use of plasmapheresis]. PMID- 6786820 TI - [Total parenteral feeding in non-tumoral diseases of the large intestine]. PMID- 6786821 TI - Cost effective drug screening in the laboratory. PMID- 6786822 TI - Peritoneal dialysis: new innovations for an old method. PMID- 6786823 TI - Drug treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 6786824 TI - Disorders of acid-base metabolism. PMID- 6786825 TI - Phase I clinical trial of two contraceptive preparations. Norethisterone enanthate (NEN) and norethisterone acetate (NET). AB - A Phase I Clinical Trial was conducted in 20 fertile Cuban women using for contraception: Norethisterone Enanthate injectable (NEN) and Norethisterone Acetate minipill (NET). Women had daily blood sampling during a control cycle and during the second month of treatment with either drug. Discontinuation rate was very low (1/20). The preovulatory LH and FSH peaks were abolished in all treated women, basal levels remaining unchanged. The incidence of menstrual disorders as amenorrhea, spotting and inter-menstrual bleeding was greater in subjects using NEN than in those on NET. No pregnancy was reported. Blood pressure was unaltered. Renal, hepatic and thyroid function were unchanged. Cholesterol levels were unchanged and triglycerides significantly decreased with both preparations. Women on either NEN or NET underwent OGTT before and after 2 months treatment. In NEN group glycemia was unchanged but insulin levels increased significantly at 120 minutes. In NET group glycemia and insulin levels were significantly increased at all times during post-treatment OGTT. Both forms of Norethisterone were well accepted by this group of women despite menstrual irregularities. Significant changes were found in the group using NET with regard to carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6786826 TI - Influence of the LH-RH analogue buserelin on cyclic ovarian function and on endometrium. A new approach to fertility control? AB - The long-acting stimulatory luteinizing hormone - releasing hormone analogue D Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH (buserelin) was administered intranasally once daily in a dose of 400 mcg to 24 normally ovulating women and to 4 women with pre-existing endocrine dysregulation. Ovulation was inhibited in 136 out of 156 treatment months. In 20 treatment months, progesterone values temporarily increased indicating luteinization of follicles or ovulation with defective corpus luteum function. Estradiol secretion showed a tendency to lower values as treatment progressed but individually indicated follicle maturation until the end of the observed medication period. Bleeding pattern ranged from menses-like bleeding in regular as well as irregular intervals to amenorrhea. The morphological findings of 31 endometrial biopsies of 20 volunteers ranged from atrophy (n = 4) to proliferation (n = 25) with early signs of hyperplasia as well as early secretory transformation (n = 2). The morphological alterations indicate that unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium is the main problem of long-term contraception with the dose schedule of buserelin used. PMID- 6786827 TI - Plasma levels of levonorgestrel in women during longterm use of norplant. AB - Levonorgestrel plasma levels were determined by a specific radioimmunoassay in a group of 110 women at various intervals between 1 and 60 months following implantation of six silastic capsules containing levonorgestrel (Norplant). The implants were placed subdermally in the volar aspect of the forearm. Blood samples were taken twice a week for six consecutive weeks in each subject. Blood drawn from the antecubital vein ipsilateral to the implant site contained two to three times more levonorgestrel than contralateral samples. Average systemic plasma levels represented by contralateral samples ranged from 0.35 +/- 0.03 to 0.29 +/- 0.02 ng/ml (Mean +/- S.E.) in the first and fifth year, respectively. The difference between these values is statistically significant at the 5% level. The results of the regression analysis of individual levels suggest that the decline observed throughout the first five years is mainly due to an early decrease taking place in the first two years. When the sampling period was repeated in the same subjects two or three times 10 to 24 months apart, no significant difference was found. A significant negative correlation was found between plasma levonorgestrel levels and body weight and body surface. The data indicate that the contraceptive efficacy of Norplant during the first five years of use is associated with sustained release of levonorgestrel and is in keeping with the estimated life span of Norplant of seven years. PMID- 6786829 TI - The pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel and ethynylestradiol in women - studies with Ovran and Ovranette. AB - A radioimmunoassay for levonorgestrel (Ng), which is applicable to plasma samples obtained from women who have taken a combination type oral contraceptive, has been developed and fully validated. Plasma concentrations of Ng rise to a peak of 3.6 ng/ml after an oral dose of 150 microgram and to 5.0 ng/ml after a 250 microgram dose. Following the intravenous administration of Ng, plasma concentrations of the steroid decline bi-exponentially with mean half-lives of 0.76 and 11.55 hours. Comparison of the results of the intravenous and oral administration of the steroid show a mean systemic bioavailability of 89% after the 150 microgram dose and 99% after a 250 microgram dose. This difference was not statistically significant. The values for volume of distribution were approximately half and the values for plasma clearance three times less than that previously reported for norethindrone. The plasma ethynylestradiol levels were also measured following administration of 30 microgram both intravenously and orally. The bioavailability and kinetics were similar to that previously reported for a 50 microgram dose. The peak values after oral dosing were 103 pg/ml and were reached by 1.0 hour in all subjects. PMID- 6786828 TI - Correlation between the serum norethindrone (NET) levels attained after insertion of a silastic implant releasing norethindrone acetate and the endogenous hormones particularly progesterone. AB - Six normally menstruating women were inserted each with a single silastic implant D releasing norethindrone acetate (NETA). The levels of endogenous hormones, FSH, LH, E2 and progesterone, were estimated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedures in the control and treatment cycles. In addition, the levels of drug in the serum as norethindrone (NET) which is a major metabolite of NETA were also estimated by RIA procedures in the treatment cycles. In all, 12 treatment cycles were studied. In the initial treatment cycles (1st/2nd or 3rd), the serum NET levels were either 1 ng/ml or above. The LH and FSH showed either normal or suppressed mid cycle peaks, but the progesterone levels were completely suppressed. In the sixth treatment cycles, the serum NET levels were either 0.5 ng/ml or below. The FSH and LH mid-cycle peaks were lower but distinct while the luteal progesterone levels were of normal ovulatory type. These studies lead us to the conclusion that a serum level of NET of the order of 1 ng/ml is required to bring about suppression of luteal progesterone, either as a result of direct action on the ovary or through suppression of pituitary gonadotropins. When the serum level falls to 0.5 ng/ml or below, the suppressive effect is removed and ovulatory pattern of progesterone returns. PMID- 6786830 TI - Hormonal effects of the 300 microgram norethisterone (NET) minipill. 3. Comparison of the short-term (2nd month) and medium-term (6th month) effects in 21 subjects. PMID- 6786832 TI - Suppurative mediastinitis as a complication of long-term total parenteral nutrition therapy via subclavian vein. PMID- 6786831 TI - Hormonal changes in normal menstrual cycle of Thai women. AB - The concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and cortisol have been measured by radioimmunoassay technique in daily serum samples of 10 Thai women throughout 10 menstrual cycles. The results show that in 10 subjects studied, 9 subjects show the patterns and levels of LH, FSH, E2 and progesterone suggestive of having ovulatory cycles. One subject shows no patterns of these hormones indicative of having ovulatory cycle. Daily serum PRL, T and cortisol concentrations, when determined for each individual subject for the entire cycle, varied among the 9 subjects studied. During the menstrual cycle, changes of hormones were observed in the women studied. There was a significant rise in the concentrations of serum PRL (2 subjects), T (2 subjects) and cortisol (3 subjects) on the day of the LH surge. When the mean levels of PRL, T and cortisol were plotted for 9 subjects in relation to the LH peak, there was no highly significant rise in the concentration of serum PRL, T and cortisol at midcycle. PMID- 6786834 TI - Acquired acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - Acrodermatitis enteropathica has an hereditary, infantile form and an acquired form which usually develops secondary to total parenteral nutrition. Both forms are caused by a zinc deficiency. The use of a reduced serum alkaline phosphatase level as a marker for acrodermatitis enteropathica is presented in addition to a case of the acquired form of the disease. PMID- 6786833 TI - Multistage chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin. AB - Skin tumors in mice can be induced by the sequential application of a subthreshold dose of a carcinogen (initiation phase) followed by repetitive treatment with a noncarcinogenic tumor promoter. The initiation phase requires only a single application of either a direct-acting carcinogen or a procarcinogen which has to be metabolized before being active; it is essentially an irreversible step which probably involves a somatic cell mutation as evidenced by a good correlation between the carcinogenicity of many chemical carcinogens and their mutagenic activities. There is a good correlation between the skin-tumor initiating activities of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their ability to bind covalently to epidermal DNA. Results from our laboratory as well as others suggest that "bay region" diol-epoxides are the ultimate carcinogenic form of PAH carcinogens. Potent inhibitors and stimulators of PAH tumor initiation appear to affect the level of the PAH diol-epoxide reacting with specific DNA bases. REcent data suggest that the tumor-promotion stage involves at least 3 important steps: (1) the induction of embryonic-looking cells (dark cells) in adult epidermis; (2) an increased production of epidermal prostaglandins and polyamines; (3) sustained proliferation of dark cells. Retinoic acid specifically inhibits step 2, whereas the anti-inflammatory steroid fluocinolone acetonide is a potent inhibitor of steps 1 and 3. The mechanism and the importance of a specific sequence for each step in chemical carcinogenesis in mouse skin will be discussed in detail. PMID- 6786835 TI - Fine structure of the cell wall of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus (Vauch.) Gomont. AB - The organization of the cell wall of Microcoleus vaginatus (Vauch.) Gomont is described. The four layered wall possesses an unusual layer 2 (mucopolymer containing layer). This layer is 20 nm thick near the crosswall, but abruptly increases in thickness to 90 nm away from the crosswall. In many filaments a perforated sheet 20 nm in thickness was observed on the face of layer 2 which is toward the plasma membrane. It is suggested that this sheet represents an area of mobilization of mucopolymer from layer 2. Electron dense deposits in the cytoplasm or in layer 1 are sometimes observed in association with the developing crosswalls. Junctional pores 12.6 nm in diameter, and spaced 19 nm apart were observed in the longitudinal wall on each side of the junction between the cross and longitudinal walls. Other pores through layer 2 were also observed. These 10 nm pores in the longitudinal wall were randomly arranged (15 to 40 nm apart) and were located on each side of the crosswall up to a distance of 0.6 micrometer from the junction. The relationship between the thickness of layer 2, and the diameter of M. vaginatus and other blue-green algae is discussed. PMID- 6786837 TI - Various types of double parasystole. PMID- 6786836 TI - A study of Beijing student adolescence. PMID- 6786838 TI - Diagnosis of endocardial cushion type atrial septal defects. Clinical analysis of 18 cases. PMID- 6786839 TI - Burns during pregnancy. Analysis of 24 cases. PMID- 6786840 TI - Biliary origin septicemia. PMID- 6786841 TI - Combined preoperative irradiation and surgery in esophageal carcinoma. Report of 408 cases. PMID- 6786842 TI - Audiofrequency electrotherapy in intestinal adhesions. PMID- 6786843 TI - Acupuncture in coronary heart disease. A report of 44 cases. PMID- 6786844 TI - Stimulating circulation to end stasis in scleroderma. PMID- 6786845 TI - Colonic inhibition of gastric secretion in man. AB - The effect of colonic infusion of various solutions on submaximal pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion was determined in healthy volunteers. Hypertonic (823 mOsm/kg) glucose, mannitol, and saline, and also isotonic glucose significantly induced a marked and sustained inhibition of gastric acid secretion of 74%, 66%, 79%, and 54%, respectively. A similar degree of inhibition was obtained for pepsin secretion with hypertonic glucose and mannitol. Isotonic triglycerides and isotonic saline solutions had no significant effect on gastric acid secretion. Hypertonic glucose, mannitol, and saline infusions significantly increased plasma concentrations of enteroglucagon, whereas other solutions had no effect. No correlation, however, was found between the percentage rise of enteroglucagon and the percentage inhibition of gastric secretion obtained from any of the three hypertonic solutions. The physiological significance of these findings remains to be established. PMID- 6786846 TI - Perforation and hemorrhage of a non-Meckelian ileal diverticulum: preoperative angiographic diagnosis. AB - A 54-year-old male with infective bacterial endocarditis experienced right lower quadrant pain and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The clinical impression of hemorrhagic diverticulitis was supported by the preoperative angiographic findings of a collection of extravasated contrast material in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen originating from a branch of the ileocolic artery. Exploratory laparotomy and pathologic examination of the resected specimen confirmed an ileal diverticulum which had perforated and was the source of hemorrhage. PMID- 6786847 TI - [Study of the conformational mobility of phosphorylase b on reacting with AMP by means of deuterium exchange and infrared spectrometry]. PMID- 6786848 TI - [Regulation of the number of ribosomal genes in transplantable cultures of Drosophila melanogaster cells]. PMID- 6786849 TI - [Molecular structure of the human ceruloplasmin gene and its expression in the Wilson-Konovalov mutation]. PMID- 6786850 TI - [Spectrum of action of certain tripeptides on the central nervous system]. PMID- 6786851 TI - [Varieties of diphtheria: microbiological diagnosis and epidemiological observations (author's transl)]. AB - Following several cases of diphtheria an epidemiological investigation was made in and around Aachen. A total of 1458 throat and nose smears were examined for various Corynebacteria species. Other than in two patients who had diphtheria, toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae was demonstrated in only one person who had been in immediate contact with them. Of a total of 150 Corynebacteria of different species which were isolated, two further isolates proved to be non toxin-producing diphtheria bacteria. All five strains were found in foreigners, who represented 46.8% of all tested subjects. The number of isolated Corynebacteria of different species was, at 13.62%, almost double that in a group of non-foreigners (7.35%). PMID- 6786852 TI - [Disodium cromoglycate in the therapy of bronchial asthma. Mode of action, long term therapy and side effects]. PMID- 6786853 TI - [Proteoglycans and their changes in disease]. PMID- 6786854 TI - [Kinetic tracer studies on protein synthesis during infancy using chemically defined diets containing 15N-lysine as a tracer (author's transl)]. AB - A four-month-old infant with exocrine pancreas insufficiency was fed exclusively on a chemically defined diet. The amino acid formulation of this diet (a supplemented casein hydrolyzate) corresponds to that of breast milk. The 15N labeled lysine tracer (97.4 atom-%) was included in the diet without changing its chemical score. A trace dose of 2.22 mg/kg body weight was applied for 5 days after the infant had been maintained on a chemically defined diet for 11 weeks. Urine was collected over a period of 170 h. The compartment theory was used to calculate the following metabolic data. Cumulative renal 15N excretion showed that nitrogen retention was 90.8%. Protein synthesis amounted to 10.34 g kg-1 d-1 compared with a protein breakdown rate of 8.97 kg-1 d-1. Net protein gain in this infant was about 5.5 g d-1 corresponding to a rate of 1.38 kg-1 d-1 or 13.3% of the synthesis rate. The metabolic pool amounted to 4.96 g N kg-1 d-1. 75.99 mg N kg-1 h-1 was metabolized, mainly to protein, and only about 10% was excreted with the urine. PMID- 6786857 TI - Gonadoliberin (LHRH) mediated release of choriogonadotropin in experimental human and animal tumors in vitro. PMID- 6786856 TI - [Animal experiment and clinical studies on the use of the laser in the plastic repair of cleft palate]. PMID- 6786855 TI - [Evaluation of carbenoxolone in long term treatment of recurrent duodenal ulcer (author's transl)]. AB - A double-blind randomized trial was performed in order to evaluate the efficacy of carbenoxolone (Biogastron duodenal) in reducing recurrences of duodenal ulcer. Eighty-one patients with endoscopically proven recurrent duodenal ulcer (at least a painful ulcer episodes within the past two years) were randomized. Fourty-six were assigned to carbenoxolon (50 mg Biogastron duodenal three times daily) and 35 to placebo. Every month the patients were seen in the out-patient department and asked for symptoms, especially typical pain, and - if indicated - examined by gastrofiberscopy. After about two years, 72 percent of the patients treated with carbenoxolone and 66 percent ot the placebo group remained without recurrence. The difference is not significant. PMID- 6786858 TI - Isolation and characterization of the subunits of porcine follicle-stimulating hormone. AB - The alpha and beta subunits of porcine FSH were isolated and purified to homogeneity as judged by SDS disc gel electrophoresis. The isolated subunits had less than 1% of the biological activity of the native hormone but were capable of recombining to generate at least 23% of the activity of the native hormone. The molecular weights calculated from hydrodynamic properties were 12,600 for pFSH alpha and 17,200 for pFSH beta. Total carbohydrate (g/100 g) was 18.9 for alpha and 15.1 for beta. The sialic acid content of alpha (3.8 g/100 g) exceeded that of beta (0.2 g/100 g). The alpha subunit contained significantly more lysine, alanine phenylalanine and methionine and significantly less aspartic acid, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine and tryptophan than the beta subunit. Evidence was found for N-terminal heterogeneity and an internal cleavage in the isolated alpha subunit. PMID- 6786859 TI - Regulation of the second surge of follicle-stimulating hormone; effects of antiluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone serum and pentobarbital. AB - The blockade in the rat of the estrous FSH surge was investigated by the injection of anti-LHRH serum in order to clarify whether LHRH controls this postovulatory surge as well as the preovulatory LH-FSH surge. A single iv injection of anti-LHRH serum at 1300 h on proestrus not only inhibited ovulation but also eliminated both the preovulatory LH-FSH surge and the second FSH surge in estrus. A single iv injection of anti-LHRH serum at 2200 h on proestrus after the LH-FSH surge did not inhibit either the estrous FSH surge or ovulation, although plasma LH was lowered, and the number of ova ovulated was reduced. Depression of plasma FSH and LH levels was also observed after a single iv injection of pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal; 35 mg/kg BW) at 1300 h on proestrus, but no such effect was observed when pentobarbital was injected at 2200 h on proestrus. A single injection of 10 IU hCG at 1800 h on diestrous II induced precocious ovulation and a concomitant increase in FSH secretion. It was not possible to inhibit the induced secretion of FSH and ovulation by a simultaneous injection of anti-LHRH serum, but plasma LH was completely suppressed. These results demonstrate that the second FSH surge is not controlled by LHRH. PMID- 6786860 TI - Characterization of a cytosolic estrogen-binding protein in lung tissue of fetal rats. AB - An estrogen-binding macromolecule was identified in cytosolic fractions prepared from fetal rat lung tissue. This component sedimented at 4.5S on sucrose gradients and was heat labile and proteinaceous in nature. This estrogen-binding protein bound 17 beta-estradiol (Ka = 10(8) M-1) and estrone but had little or no affinity for estriol. Diethylstilbestrol bound to the cytosolic estrogen binding protein, but with lower affinity than for 17 beta-estradiol or estrone. The estrogen binding capacity of the cytosolic fraction of rat fetal lung tissue was high during late gestation (10-12 pmol/mg protein) but declined after birth (0.6 pmol/mg protein on day 5). Since fetal rat plasma contains alpha-fetoprotein, a substance that binds 17 beta-estradiol with relatively high affinity, the characteristics of the lung cytosolic estrogen binding protein were compared to those of fetal rat plasma, employing various physicochemical criteria. The affinities of fetal rat lung and plasma estrogen binding proteins for 17 beta estradiol were similar, as were the sedimentation coefficients estimated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation analysis. However, the estrogen-binding protein in plasma differed from that in the cytosolic fraction of fetal lung tissue in that the plasma protein bound radiolabeled estriol, had higher mobility on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the estrogen binding capacity of plasma remained high for at least 6 days after birth. An estrogen-binding macromolecule (4.5S) was also present in high concentration in cytosolic fractions of fetal rat kidney and heart tissues, whereas a relatively small amount of estrogen binding was detected in fetal liver tissue. PMID- 6786861 TI - Ovarian steroidogenesis in Japanese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Gonadotropin and steroid hormone levels in both peripheral and ovarian venous blood were measured in samples obtained from 20 Japanese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) and 10 normal women in early follicular phase (normal women) by radioimmunoassay. The change in the amount of steroid hormone following intravenous human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) or dexamethasone administration was investigated. The mean concentration in patients with PCOs was significantly higher than the concentrations found in normal women for LH (p less than 0.001), but not for FSH in peripheral blood. Significantly elevated ovarian venous steroid hormone levels in PCOs were found for 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone (p less than 0.05), progesterone (p less than 0.05), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (p less than 0.01), 4 delta-androstenedione (p less 0.01), testosterone (p less than 0.01), estrone (p less than 0.01) and estradiol (p less than 0.05), but not for dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS). The ovarian dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) level was slightly elevated in PCOs. The concentration of ovarian 4 delta androstenedione in PCOs reached twelve times as much as that in normal women. After the administration of HMG, all of the ovarian venus steroid hormone levels were elevated slightly and without significance in the short observation time for 10 min. The DHEAS level was suppressed while the ovarian DHEA level remained high in PCOs following dexamethasone administration. These findings seem to indicate there is no adrenal involvement and no adrenal-like component in the ovary of PCOs, and no evidence of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and/or aromatase deficiency in this study. The increase in the steroid hormone secretion in PCOs is explained by the increase in ovarian production in polycystic enlarged ovaries. PMID- 6786862 TI - A radioimmunoassay for a highly active luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue and relation between the serum level of the analogue and that of gonadotropin. AB - Antisera to an LH-RH analogue, des-Gly10-[D-Leu6]-LH-RH-ethylamide (TAP-144) were produced in 10 rabbits. By using these antisera, a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay for TAP-144 was established. Sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay ranged from 5 to 100 per assay tube with these antisera. Lh, FSH, TRH, LH-RH, and the 1-6 fragment of TAP-144 did not practically cross-react with LH-RH analogues, though the degree of the cross-reactivity differed among individual sera. The average cross-reactivity of the 10 antisera showed low specificities to TAP-144 analogues which are altered at positions 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, but showed high specificities to those altered at positions 8 and 9. The antisera also showed low cross-reactivities to LH-RH analogues replaced at position 6 by D-amino acids and those altered at position 10 by alkylamines, but they showed fairly high cross reactivities to analogues which are altered simultaneously at both positions 6 and 10. When TAP-144 was administered intraperitoneally to rats on the diestrous day, serum concentrations of TAP-144 increased dose-dependently but maximal serum concentrations of both LH and FSH were attained in response to higher doses of TAP-144. The peak LH and FSH concentrations appeared 70 to 110 min after the peak TAP-144 concentration had been reached. Similar delays in reaching the peak LH and FSH levels were also observed when TAP-144 was administered intravenously, subcutaneously and intramuscularly. When TAP-144 was administered intravaginally, a low but constant serum level of TAP-144 was maintained from 5 to 300 min after the administration, but serum LH and FSH levels declined to a low level from 180 min after the TAP-144 administration. PMID- 6786863 TI - Early post-operative endoscopy after biliary tract surgery. AB - Immediate post-operative complications such as obstructive jaundice, biliary fistulae or gastrointestinal hemorrhage, occurring after biliary tract surgery can be diagnosed endoscopically. The causes of bile flow obstruction and leakage from the common bile duct can be identified using ERC. In many cases the diagnosis can be followed by endoscopic treatment, therefore obviating re laparotomy. Between 1972 and 1979 we carried out early post-operative ERC or esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy in a total of 94 patients after biliary tract surgery. In 75 patients with residual gallstones and 4 cases with overlooked stenoses of the papilla, successful papillotomies were carried out. The procedure was unsuccessful in one case with an extremely narrow papilla. Complete removal of stones was achieved in 72 cases. In two other patients with gastroduodenal stress ulcers, bleeding was stopped by submucosal infiltration. PMID- 6786864 TI - Endoscopic insertion of feeding tubes a new method for the management of upper digestive tract stenosis. AB - For patients requiring artificial feeding over a lengthy period, enteral alimentation via feeding tubes has proved to be the most practicable, and least harmful, method. The paper describes a new endoscopic method that facilitates the introduction of a feeding tube, even through stenoses of the upper digestive tract, or through areas of suture leakage after abdominal surgery. The method was successfully employed, without complications, in 13 patients; it was tolerated without serious inconvenience, and can be performed by the endoscopist and his assistant nurse. PMID- 6786865 TI - Brief atonia associated with electroencephalographic paroxysm in an infant with infantile spasms. AB - The loss of muscular tone or muscular inhibition associated with sharp waves observed during abnormal tonic posture in a patient with infantile spasms of early onset is described. The latency between the beginning of a sharp wave and the muscular inhibition varied from 30 to 700 msec, and the duration of the inhibition ranged from 100 to 400 msec. These brief muscular inhibitions may sometimes precede tonic seizures, and these phenomena might be noticeable only in the state of steady tonic muscular contraction. PMID- 6786866 TI - Prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy: results of a long-term follow up in Czechoslovakia. AB - The results of a long-term study of prophylactic treatment of posttraumatic epilepsy performed in Czechoslovakia during the years 1963 through 1980 are reported. The prophylactically treated group of 144 patients with severe brain injuries was compared with a control group of 24 equally damaged cases without prophylactic treatment. The preventive treatment lasting 2 years in the great majority of cases was performed with relatively low doses of phenytoin (160--240 mg/day) and phenobarbital (30--60 mg/day) administered orally. The incidence of late posttraumatic epilepsy was 25% in the control and 2.1% in the prophylactically treated group. Only one patient (0.7%), however, developed seizures during the course of the prophylactic treatment. The efficiency of prophylactic pharmacotherapy has been proved in long-term observations lasting 8 to 13 years. PMID- 6786867 TI - Stability of activating systems for in vitro mutagenesis assays: enzyme activity and activating ability following long-term storage at - 85 degrees C. AB - Activating systems for in vitro mutagenesis assays are commonly prepared and stored at low temperature until required. The objective of the studies reported here was to determine the long-term stability of activating systems stored at - 85 degrees C. A broad range of microsomal enzymes in the postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS) and the microsomal fraction of livers from Aroclor 1254 treated rats were studied in conjunction with the ability of these fractions to catalyse the conversion of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) to products mutagenic to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and Salmonella typhimurium TM677. Biphenyl-2- and biphenyl-4-hydroxylase showed a rapid decline in activity on storage, epoxide hydratase activity increased with storage and other enzyme activities studied were relatively stable for up to 32 weeks. No consistent trends in the ability of either the microsomes or the PMS to catalyze DMN or B(a)P induced mutation were observed for up to 12 weeks with CHO cells and 24 weeks with bacteria. It is concluded that low temperature storage of activating systems is an acceptable procedure. However, the results also indicate that certain enzyme activities change during storage, suggesting that aberrant results may be obtained when stored activating systems are used in in vitro tests to screen for mutagens. PMID- 6786868 TI - Chemical suppression of steroidogenesis. AB - A large number of chemicals are known to interfere with steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex and other tissues. Many xenobiotics inhibit steroid hormone production as a result of interactions with cytochrome P-450-containing hydroxylases in adrenal mitochondria or microsomes. For example, metyrapone, a compound used clinically in the evaluation of pituitary-adrenocortical function, binds to various cytochromes P-450 in the adrenal, preventing the interactions of steroid substrates with the enzymes and inhibiting steroidogenesis. The mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone, and its major circulating metabolite, canrenone, also competitively interact with adrenal steroid hydroxylases. In addition, spironolactone is converted by adrenal microsomes to an unknown metabolite which promotes the destruction of cytochromes P-450, decreasing the activities of steroid hydroxylases. Carbon tetrachloride is similarly "activated" by adrenal microsomal mixed function oxidases resulting in a decline in steroidogenic enzyme activity. Carbon tetrachloride (in the presence of NADPH) initiates lipid peroxidation in adrenal microsomes but its toxic effects on steroid hydroxylases are fully demonstrable when lipid peroxidation is inhibited by EDTA. A number of heavy metals, including cadmium, also inhibit adrenal steroid hydroxylases. When incubated with adrenal microsomes, cadmium does not affect cytochrome P-450 levels but decreases basal and substrate stimulated NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity. Although inhibitory effects of many chemicals on steroidogenesis have been described, the toxicological significance as well as definitive mechanisms of action have in most cases yet to be determined. PMID- 6786869 TI - Target organ toxicity: endocrine system. Introductory remarks: the testis. PMID- 6786870 TI - Interaction of alkylmercuric compounds with sodium selenite. I. Metabolism of ethylmercuric chloride administered alone and in combination with sodium selenite in rats. AB - The effect of sodium selenite administered intragastrically in repeated doses to rats receiving ethylmercuric chloride po in various repeated doses (0.25 or 2.5 mg Hg/kg) on the excretion, whole-body retention, and organ distribution of mercury was studied. Selenium was found to affect the distribution of ethylmercury among tissues and subcellular fractions of the kidneys and liver as well as its binding to proteins of soluble fractions in these organs. Similarities and differences between the effect of interaction of sodium selenite with ethylmercuric chloride and methylmercury as well as inorganic mercury are also discussed. PMID- 6786871 TI - Occurrence and methods of control of chemical contaminants in foods. AB - Contamination of food by chemicals can result from their use on agricultural commodities; accidents or misuse during food handling and processing; nucler weapon testing and operation of nuclear power plants; and disposal of industrial chemicals or by-products with subsequent dispersal into the environment. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA), as the Federal agency mainly responsible for evaluating the hazards of chemical contaminants and enforcing any established tolerance levels for them in foods, has been monitoring pesticides, industrial chemicals, metals, and radionuclides in foods in its nationwide programs for many years. In addition, FDA searches for potential contaminants among the approximately 50,000 industrial chemicals manufactured in the United States and coordinates its efforts with those of other Federal and state agencies in these investigations. The overall results of the FDA surveillance and compliance programs for chemical contaminants in foods, as well as specific examples illustrating the wide range of incidents and types of occurrences, are presented. PMID- 6786873 TI - Zinc deficiency states and carbonic anhydrase isozyme in experimental hemolytic and bleeding anemia of rabbits. AB - Zinc deficiency states were produced in rabbit erythrocytes by experimentally induced bleeding anemia and hemolytic anemia. Parallel decreases in total zinc levels and the contents for major zinc protein, carbonic anhydrase I and II isozymes were observed in the erythrocytes. During the process of the anemias the zinc status in the erythrocytes varied remarkably and the relative increase of zinc ions other than that derived from carbonic anhydrase was observed, suggesting that the former zinc ions play an important role in forming a zinc pool in the erythrocytes under the anemic conditions. PMID- 6786874 TI - Characterization of microsomal bilirubin and p-nitrophenol uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase activities in human liver: a comparison with rat liver. AB - The bilirubin and p-nitrophenol uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UDP GT) activities have been characterized from human liver microsomes and compared to those from rat liver. This study was performed on large samples of human liver obtained from 20 organ donors. The kinetic constants as well as sensitivities to digitonin, temperature, pH and diethylnitrosamine were determined. Our results suggest that UDP-GT activities have characteristics different in human and rat liver microsomal membranes. Moreover, differences in digitonin-induced activation, in thermodenaturation and in the response to diethyl-nitrosamine were found between bilirubin and p-nitrophenol UDP-GT activities. This supports the hypothesis of the probable heterogeneity of UDP-GT. PMID- 6786875 TI - Techniques and clinical application of arterial blood collection in the horse. PMID- 6786872 TI - Chemically induced leukemia in humans. AB - The human population may be exposed to potentially leukemogenic agents, either in the form of drugs and food additives or as environmental contaminants and pollutants. However, in spite of the large number and diversity of these chemicals, only a few have been implicated as human leukemogens. One such agent is benzene, a known bone marrow depressant. A number of case reports have associated chronic exposure to this agent with the development of acute leukemia, as have several epidemiologic surveys. Treatment with various antitumor agents, including procarbazine, melphalan, thio-TEPA, chlorambucil, and cyclophosphamide, has also been associated with the development of acute leukemia. In addition, chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone have been implicated as human leukemogens, but the association between exposure to these two agents and acute leukemia appears at present to be weaker than it is for benzene and antitumor agent exposure. Despite such associations between exposure to chemicals and acute leukemia, several important problems exist with regard to implicating specific agents in the development of this neoplasm in man, including the paucity of animal models for chemically induced leukemia, and the frequent necessity to rely on single case reports or clusters of cases in which chemical exposures are associated with acute leukemia. Future efforts should be directed at performing properly designed and well executed epidemiologic studies, and at developing new in vitro and in vivo models for the study of this neoplasm. PMID- 6786876 TI - Effect of phosphorylation on the affinity of acidic proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the ribosomes. AB - Electrofocusing of the acidic proteins extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomes shows the presence of eight bands in the gels, which upon treatment with alkaline phosphatase are reduced to three. Two of them, proteins L44 and L45, correspond to the proteins equivalent to the bacterial L7 and L12 and the third, protein Ax, behaves like a supernatant factor. In the ribosome, proteins L44 and L45 are found unphosphorylated and monophosphorylated while protein Ax is detected mostly in a modified state, showing from one to three phosphate groups per molecule. In the cytoplasm where protein Ax is abundant and proteins L44 and L45 are present in small quantities, the three proteins are unphosphorylated. Protein Ax, having one or two phosphate groups, can be removed from the ribosomes in conditions that release the initiation factors, while the triphosphorylated molecules are tightly bound to the particles. The data indicate a relationship between the degree of phosphorylation of protein Az and its affinity for the ribosome. PMID- 6786877 TI - Purification and characterisation of amphiphilic lactase/phlorizin hydrolase from human small intestine. AB - Human intestinal lactase/phlorizin hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.23/62) was purified in its amphiphilic form by immunoadsorbent chromatography. The purification factor was approximately 600 and the recovery 14%. The enzyme was essentially free from other known brush-border peptidases and disaccharidases and appeared homogeneous in crossed immunoelectrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulphate. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed lactose (pH optimum 5.8--6.0, Km 21 mM), phlorizin (Km 0.44mM) and other beta-galactosides and beta-glucosides. Tris inhibited the hydrolysis of lactose whereas phlorizin hydrolysis was almost unaffected. The activity against these two substrates also showed different thermal stability. It is suggested that the human enzyme has two different sites: one for lactose hydrolysis, inhibited by phlorizin and one for phlorizin hydrolysis. By gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 the amphiphilic form of the enzyme had a molecular weight of 320000 while the hydrophilic form (papain treated) had a molecular weight of 280000. This indicates that the anchoring segment(s) plus the bound detergent has a molecular weight of approximately 40000. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecylsulphate the fully denatured enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 160000. It is therefore suggested that the human lactase/phlorizin hydrolase is composed of two monomers each with a molecular weight of 160000. The electromicroscopic picture gives further evidence for this suggestion. In addition the possibility of a high molecular weight, one polypeptide chain is discussed. PMID- 6786879 TI - Reconstitution of the allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei investigated by hybridization. AB - The reassociation process of the urea-denatured allosteric L-lactate dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei was investigated by hybridization experiments between the reassociating enzymes from L. casei and Lactobacillus curvatus. The quantitatively evaluated hybridization patterns indicate an assembly pathway from the unfolded subunits to the tetrameric state via dimers. The comparison of the kinetics of reassociation and reactivation of the L. casei L-lactate dehydrogenase shows that the tetramer is the only active form. PMID- 6786878 TI - Multiple forms of rat-serum alpha 1-protease inhibitor. Involvement of sialic acid in the multiplicity of three original forms. AB - alpha 1-Protease inhibitor was purified from rat serum by two different methods, of which an immunoaffinity method should be preferentially used to obtain all of the multiple forms. The protein thus obtained showed a single protein band in dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to a molecular weight of 54000, and contained 13.2% carbohydrate by weight. By column isoelectric focusing in a pH 3.5-5.0 gradient the purified alpha 1-protease inhibitor was separated into five forms with pI values from 4.3-4.7. The amino acid composition of each form was identical, while sialic acid content was significantly different from each other. The most acidic form contained 6.7 residues/molecule, the most basic form, 5.1 residues/molecule, and three forms between them showed proportionally intermediate values between the two. When alpha 1-protease inhibitor was treated with neuraminidase, the five forms were converted finally into three major forms with pI values of 5.3-5.7. In addition, the major form (band 3) of the inhibitor was also converted into three forms after complete removal of sialic acid. These results suggest that alpha 1 protease inhibitor originally exists as three forms with different charges, possibly due to modification of amino acids which might not be detectable by the amino acid composition analysis in the present study. A possible explanation was presented for involvement of sialic acid in appearance of multiple forms originating from three parental forms. PMID- 6786880 TI - Mechanism of action of a 16-membered macrolide. Binding of rosaramicin to the Escherichia coli ribosome and its subunits. AB - Rosaramicin is a new macrolide antibiotic with activity similar to that of erythromycin. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of [3H]dihydrorosaramicin and show by sucrose gradient centrifugation, gel exclusion chromatography and equilibrium dialysis that rosaramicin and its dihydroderivative bind specifically to the 70-S ribosome and 50-S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. Binding to the 30-S subunit is not detectable. The parameters of the binding interaction were evaluated by equilibrium dialysis. The affinities of E. coli ribosomes for rosaramicin and dihydrorosaramicin are in good agreement with the minimal inhibitory concentration of these drugs for microorganisms. PMID- 6786881 TI - High-molecular-weight kininogen from horse plasma. Isolation, characterization and comparison with bovine high-Mr kininogen. AB - High-molecular-weight (high-Mr) kininogen was purified from horse plasma by chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex A-50, CM-Sephadex C-50, p chlorobenzylamine-Sepharose and Sephadex G-150. The yield was about 150 mg from 81 of fresh plasma. The purified material gave a single band on sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a single precipitin line on immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weight of horse high-Mr kininogen was estimated to be 78000 by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis using the Ferguson plot. Its polypeptide content was determined to be 86% by amino acid analysis and there was a total of 581 amino acid residues/molecule of protein. The kininogen contained a total of 13.9% carbohydrates, consisting of hexoses (7.8%), glucosamine (1.9%), galactosamine (0.6%) and sialic acid (3.6%). On incubation of horse high-Mr kininogen with bovine and horse plasma kallikreins, several fragments which contained extremely high levels of histidine, were liberated, in addition to kinin. After the liberation of kinin and histidine-rich fragments, a protein free of kinin and its fragments was isolated. This protein consisted of two polypeptide chains, heavy chain and light chain, which are bridged by disulfide bonds. The molecular weight and amino acid composition of the heavy chain and the light chain from horse high-Mr kininogen were very similar to those of the heavy and light chains from bovine high-Mr kininogen, respectively. From these results, it was revealed that horse high-Mr kininogen is quite similar to bovine high-Mr kininogen in terms of their physicochemical and chemical properties, although they are immunologically distinguishable. PMID- 6786882 TI - [Properties of the molecular forms of beta-glucosidase and beta glucocerebrosidase from normal human and Gaucher disease spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786883 TI - Identification of a 16-S RNA fragment crosslinked to protein S1 within Escherichia coli ribosomal 30-S subunits by the use of a crosslinking reagent: ethyl 4-azidobenzoylaminoacetimidate. AB - The bifunctional reagent ethyl 4-azidobenzoylaminoacetimidate was used to crosslink specifically ribosomal protein S1 to 16-S RNA within 30-S subunits. The reagent was attached to isolated protein S1. The modified protein was reassociated with protein-S1-depleted 30-S subunits and then crosslinked to the RNA molecule. The covalently bound 16-S RNA-protein S1 complex was isolated and the RNA fragment C-U-A-A-C-G-C-G-U-U-A-A-G-U-C-G-A-C-C-G-C-C-U-G-G-G-G-A-G (positions 861-889) was characterized to be crosslinked to protein S1. PMID- 6786884 TI - Ligand-binding studies on light riboflavin synthase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - Light riboflavin synthase of Bacillus subtilis is a trimer of identical subunits. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a four-carbon moiety from one molecule of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine to a second molecule of this compound. Binding of substrate and product analogues to the enzyme was studied by analytical ultra centrifugation and fluorescence titration. The ligands used in these experiments inhibit the enzyme activity competitively. Each enzyme subunit was shown to bind two molecules each of various analogues of the enzyme substrate, 6,7-dimethyl-8 ribityllumazine, at nonidentical sites. On the other hand, each subunit binds only one molecule of the product, riboflavin, or 5-nitroso-6-ribitylamino 2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione, an analogue of the second product. The complex of the enzyme with the substrate analogue, 7-methyl-8-ribityllumazine, was studied by absorbance and difference absorbance measurements. The data suggest that binding of the lumazine to the donor site of the enzyme involves a nucleophilic attack at carbon 7 of the lumazine ring with formation of a covalent hydrate or a related structure. PMID- 6786885 TI - Nitrogenase activity and membrane electrogenesis in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kutz. AB - Relationships between nitrogenase activity and individual components of the proton electrochemical potential gradient (delta microH+) in Anabaena variabilis have been investigated. The ionophore nigericin was found to collapse delta pH in favour of the membrane potential (delta psi); hyperpolarization of delta psi was correlated with an increase in nitrogenase activity. A positive relationship between nitrogenase activity and membrane potential was also observed using the ionophore valinomycin and the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. Furthermore, using the energy transfer inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, nitrogenase activity appeared to be limited by the supply of reductant rather than ATP. The data suggest, for intact filaments and isolated heterocysts, that delta psi may be important in regulating nitrogenase activity in vivo. PMID- 6786886 TI - A comparison of the proteins of the amoebal and plasmodial phases of the slime mould, Physarum polycephalum. AB - 1. The proteins of amoebae and plasmodia of strain CL of Physarum polycephalum have been compared by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Both forms of the organism were labelled by growth on formalin-killed bacteria labelled with [35S]sulphate, [3H]lysine or [14C]lysine. Plasmodia were also labelled from radioactive lysine in the medium. 2. Of 306 relatively abundant proteins examined, 26% were phase-specific, that is they were found only in amoebae or in plasmodia. About a quarter of these apparent differences in gene expression may be due to minor changes in charge and/or size. 3. Amongst the 74% of the proteins present in both amoebae and plasmodia, there are substantial differences in differential rates of synthesis and these have been measured for a representative set of proteins by a double-label procedure. PMID- 6786887 TI - Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase and glycogen synthase by adrenalin in soleus muscle of phosphorylase-kinase-deficient mice. PMID- 6786888 TI - Localization of the carbohydrate units in a human immunoglobulin light chain, protein Sm lambda. AB - The carbohydrate structure and complete amino acid sequence of a human lambda type immunoglobulin light chain, protein Sm lambda has been determined. The protein was isolated from the urine of a patient with a plasma cell dyscrasia resembling gamma-heavy-chain disease. 13 tryptic peptides covering the entire polypeptide chain of 135 residues were isolated from the aminoethylated protein, and 15 chymotryptic peptides, accounting for 131 residues, were recovered from the carboxymethylated protein. The sequence of 18 of these peptides was partially or completely determined by the Edman-dansyl technique or C-terminal analysis, permitting the establishment of the complete primary structure of the polypeptide chain. The sequences established that this light chain possessed an intramolecular deletion of 81 amino acid residues. The N-terminal 30 residues showed considerable homology with other lambda chains of subgroup II. The defect began at position 31, in the first hypervariable region, and encompassed the remainder of the variable region through position 109. The constant region was fully intact and normal synthesis recommenced with a glutaminyl residue at position 110, the first residue of the constant region. This light chain contained carbohydrate in the hypervariable region just preceding the deletion. The precise number and locations of the oligosaccharide chains were established by amino acid sequence analysis of glycopeptides isolated from proteolytic hydrolysates by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6 columns. These studies showed that protein Sm lambda contains one N-glycosidically-linked chain attached to asparagine-25 and one O-glycosidically-linked oligosaccharide chain attached to serine-21. The structures of the oligosaccharide chains were determined by methylation analysis, gas chromatography and hydrolysis with specific glycosidases. The structure of the N-glycosidically-linked chain was NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 6)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 2)Man(alpha 1 leads to 3)]Man(beta 1 leads to 4)GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 6]GlcNAc leads to Asn. The second O-glycosidically-linked chain was a disialylated tetrasaccharide with the structure, Neu(alpha 2 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 3)[NeuAc(alpha 2 leads to 6)GalNAc leads to Ser. This mucin type disialylated tetrasaccharide in close proximity to N-asparagine-linked chains has not been previously observed in the oligosaccharide chains of immunoglobulins. PMID- 6786889 TI - Unusual gangliosides of eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius. Structure and density-dependence of surface localization. AB - From eggs and embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius two gangliosides, provisionally named G-1 and G-2, were isolated in the pure state. Both gangliosides contained glucose, N-glycoloylneuraminic acid and sphingosines in a 2:2:1 ratio; G-2 contained also a sulfate group, and yielded G-1 on desulfation. By periodate oxidation/borohydride reduction, permethylation analysis, neuraminidase degradation, analysis of the aldohexitol acetates and mass-spectrometry G-1 and G-2 were shown to have hitherto unknown structures: G-1 was identified as N-glycoloylneuraminosyl-(alpha 2 leads to 6)-glucosyl-(1 leads to 8)-N-glycoloylneuraminosyl-(2 leads to 6)-glucosyl-(1 leads to 1)-ceramide, and G-2 as sulfated G-1, carrying a sulfate ester group at C-8 of the terminal sialic acid. Antisera against the two gangliosides were prepared in rabbits by immunization with ganglioside G-1 or G-2. The specificity of the antisera was revealed by immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion. The antisera did not react with bovine-brain and rat-liver gangliosides, with glucosylceramide and with various hydrolytic fragments of G-1 and G-2. The surface localization of the gangliosides in embryos incubated at different cell densities was studied by immunofluorescence microscopy. The intensity of the immunofluorescence was found to increase with decreasing cell density, indicating a different surface organization in sparse and dense embryos. In the sparse embryos immunofluorescence was seen mainly in the contact regions between the blastomers. PMID- 6786890 TI - Methylated bases in the DNA of the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus. PMID- 6786891 TI - Arrangement of neurofilaments, microtubules and microfilament-associated proteins in cultured dorsal root ganglia cells. AB - Using the indirect immunofluorescence technique, a study was made of the distribution of the major cytoskeletal proteins in cultures of cells derived from chicken embryo and newborn rat dorsal root ganglia. An antibody raised against the 200 000 molecular weight neurofilament "triplet" polypeptide isolated from rat sciatic nerve strongly stained some, but not all neurones in these cultures. In contrast filamin and vimentin antibodies stained Schwann cells and fibroblasts but not neurones. Antibody to fibronectin only stained material associated with fibroblasts. Thus these four antibodies can be used to distinguish between neurones, Schwann cells and fibroblasts, as well as to detect a heterogeneity in the neuronal population. In addition these antibodies, plus antibodies to actin, myosin, alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, fimbrin and tubulin allow a more detailed description of the cytoskeleton of cultured neurones at the light microscopic level. PMID- 6786892 TI - Simplified estimation of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow. AB - A method is described for the determination of GFR and ERPF using a combined injection of 51Cr-EDTA and 125I-iodohippurate. Plasma samples obtained at 60 min and 150 min after administration were used to determine a flow rate F assuming a monoexponential clearance of the tracers. Empirical relationships were found between F and the true GFR and ERPF determined from multiple sampling and multi exponential analysis of the clearance curves. The method was shown to be superior to previously published methods involving one or two samples. GFR was calculated with a standard deviation (SD) of only 3.3 ml/min when compared to the multiple sample technique (the reference method), whereas the best estimate from a single sample had a SD of 6.3 ml/min. An improvement in accuracy of ERPF estimation was achieved for values of flow of less than 200 ml/min when the SD was only 9.3 ml/min. PMID- 6786893 TI - Uptake of 99mTc-diphosphonate in liver metastasis of an ovarium carcinoma. AB - A case with uptake in the liver of 99mTc-diphosphonate on scintigraphy is presented. The patient was operated on twelve years before for an ovarium carcinoma. Extensive examinations demonstrated the metastatic nature of the liver tumours. Comparison with the few cases in the literature is made. PMID- 6786894 TI - The etiology of downhill ski injuries. PMID- 6786895 TI - Effect of fifteen months of double-blind treatment with cimetidine and placebo on peptic ulcer recurrence. AB - Forty-Five consecutive patients with chronic peptic ulcer disease completed a double-blind controlled trial in which they were given cimetidine 0.8 g daily or placebo in order to evaluate the preventative effect of the drug on ulcer recurrence. On entering the trial all patients had endoscopically healed ulcers. Endoscopy was performed again at 6 and 15 months, or if there were severe epigastric pains. The period of medication was 15 months, and the patients still in remission at that time were observed for a further 9 months. During the course of the study 11 out of 23 patients (47.8%) in the placebo group developed re ulceration, whereas 4 out of 22 (18.2%) patients relapsed while on cimetidine (p less than 0.05). There were significantly fewer weeks of dyspepsia and better general well-being in the cimetidine group as compared to the placebo group. No early ulcer recurrence or increased rebound acid secretion was noted after cessation of the cimetidine treatment. Vitamin B12 absorption was not affected by the 15-month cimetidine treatment. Two men developed gynaecomastia, one died of myocardial infarction and one had transient sinus bradycardia during cimetidine medication. Cimetidine improves the symptomatic state and postpones ulcer recurrence as long as treatment is maintained. PMID- 6786896 TI - Valproic acid disposition in epileptic patients during combined antiepileptic maintenance therapy. AB - A previously developed mass spectrometric method was used to measure, in the presence of the unlabeled drug, the fate of pulse dose of tetradeuterated valproic acid given to epileptic patients. By this means the disposition of valproic acid (VPA) was studied in several epileptic patients on maintenance therapy with VPA and at least one other anti-epileptic drug. For 6 patients with 6 different anti-epileptic drug combinations, the mean VPA half-life was only 6.2 h, as compared to about 15 h after a single dose. The mean plasma clearance in those patients was 16.4 ml/min. The volume of distribution was 0.14 l/kg, which did not differ from values found in single dose studies. The clinical relevance of these findings is pointed out. PMID- 6786897 TI - Inhibition of secondary IgG responses by N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. AB - A range of monosaccharides were tested for their ability to inhibit a variety of in vitro immune response. The most striking specific inhibition was produced by N acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc). This sugar strongly inhibited the secondary IgG antibody response to two different hapten-carrier systems, but had no effect on primary and secondary IgM responses, generation of cytotoxic T cells to alloantigens and mixed lymphocyte reactions. By exposing secondary antibody cultures to GalNAc for varying periods of time, it was observed that GalNAc only exerted its inhibitory effect on day 4 of the culture, the day when IgG plaque forming cells first appeared. Furthermore, GalNAc could override the action of T helper factor in T cell-depleted cultures. Collectively, these data indicate that GalNAc inhibits the initiation of IgG synthesis probably by blocking the interaction of a helper factor for IgG synthesis with its target cell. PMID- 6786898 TI - Immunofluorescence studies on the expression of VH a allotypes by pre-B and B cells of homozygous and heterozygous rabbits. AB - Fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for C mu determinants and VH a allotypes were used to examine pre-B cells and B lymphocytes for expression of these markers. The majority of mu+ bone marrow pre-B cells were shown to express a allotypic determinants in conjunction with C mu. Both pre-B and B cells from a2 a3 heterozygous rabbits showed allelic exclusion of these allotypes. Pre-B cells expressing the a2 or a3 specificities appeared to be generated in approximately equal numbers in heterozygotes, while B lymphocytes expressing a3 appeared to undergo preferential clonal expansion very early in development. It was also observed that rabbit bone marrow and blood contained a population of myeloid cells which, in a2 a3 heterozygotes, stained for both a2 and a3 determinants. The frequencies of this cell type, which exhibited bright immunofluorescence staining for a allotypes, could not be reduced by prolonged incubation at 37 degrees C but were readily reduced after cell suspensions were treated with low pH buffer. It is concluded that these myeloid cells bear high avidity Fc receptors for serum immunoglobulin and may be the culprits in studies which have found production of two a or b allotypes by individual B lymphocytes. PMID- 6786899 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against a nuclear membrane protein of Drosophila. Localization by indirect immunofluorescence and detection of antigen using a new protein blotting procedure. PMID- 6786900 TI - A cytochemical study of GERL in cultured human fibroblasts. PMID- 6786901 TI - Use of glycine as a non-enzymic procedure for separation of mouse embryonic tissues and dissociation of cells. PMID- 6786902 TI - Partial coupling of the cell cycles of neighboring imaginal disc cells. PMID- 6786903 TI - Isolation and characterization of BCP 54, the major soluble protein of bovine cornea. PMID- 6786904 TI - Calculated and measured endothelial temperature histories of excised rabbit corneas exposed to infrared radiation. PMID- 6786905 TI - Immunochemical studies on the isoelectric focusing of chick water-soluble crystallins. PMID- 6786906 TI - A new method for rapid isolation of the intrinsic membrane proteins from lens. PMID- 6786907 TI - Characterization of a divalent cation-linked polypeptide fraction of human lens membrane. PMID- 6786908 TI - Studies on location of the chromophore in papain-digested rod outer segment membranes. PMID- 6786909 TI - Regulatory mechanism of erythropoietin production: effects of hypoxemia and hypercarbia. AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to define the relationship between erythropoietin (Ep) production and some of the coincident variables which control oxygen delivery in hypoxic and hypoxic-hypercarbic rats (2) to define the mechanism whereby hypercarbia suppresses Ep production in hypoxemic rats. Rats were exposed to O2 concentrations ranging from 5% to 9% O2 for either 3 or 16 h. Arterial whole blood pH, pCO2, pO2, O2 saturation, p50 and Ep levels were measured in each rat. There was a highly significant inverse correlation between both the arterial pO2 and O2 saturation and the Ep level. Ep levels were not increased above normal if the pO2 was greater than 50 mm Hg or the O2 saturation was greater than 80%. The addition of 5% CO2 to all inhaled gas mixtures was associated with a 10 mm Hg increment in the pO2 together with a marked reduction in plasma Ep levels. Of the measured variables only the pO2 and O2 saturation showed a consistent correlation with the Ep levels when rats exposed to hypoxia were compared with rats exposed to hypoxia + CO2. PMID- 6786910 TI - Altered burst responses in hippocampal CA3 neurons injected with EGTA. AB - Intracellular injection of EGTA abolished the hyperpolarization seen after spontaneous and evoked bursts of action potentials in hippocampal CA3 neurons. Simultaneously recorded, orthodromically elicited IPSPs were relatively unaffected by this treatment. It is concluded that CA3 neurons generate at least two types of hyperpolarization: one resulting from a calcium-mediated potassium conductance and the other from increased conductance to chloride. PMID- 6786911 TI - Penetration of ascorbic acid from cerebrospinal fluid into brain. PMID- 6786912 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: role of different antibody classes in protection against infection in the mouse. PMID- 6786913 TI - Stimulating effect of the divalent cation ionophore A 23187 on in vitro neuroblast differentiation; comparative studies with myoblasts. PMID- 6786914 TI - Effects of dihydroergocriptine on mouse and rat resistance to acute anoxia: influence of repetition of treatment. PMID- 6786915 TI - Carbon dioxide reduction and nitrogenase activity in organo-molybdenum microstructures. AB - Organo-molybdenum microstructures were prepared by visible light irradiation of ammonium molybdate, formaldehyde, ammonium phosphate and a mineral solution. These microstructures are shown to be capable of carbon dioxide photoreduction, nitrogenase activity, and water decomposition, and may represent a metabolic stage between the nonliving and the living. PMID- 6786916 TI - Effect of detoxin D on blasticidin S uptake in Bacillus cereus. PMID- 6786917 TI - In vivo effect of inhibin on FSH uptake by rat testis. PMID- 6786918 TI - Actions and interactions of ergotamine and dihydroergocristine in rat aortic strips. AB - The stimulating actions of ergotamine and serotonin were compared with that of noradrenaline on the rat isolated aorta. The results are discussed in the light of those obtained on other vascular preparations. On ergotamine or noradrenaline contracted aortic strips the antagonist activity of dihydroergocristine in comparison with that of papaverine was studied. Both agents were able to induce dose-dependent relaxations. PMID- 6786920 TI - Redox modulation of glucose-6-P dehydrogenase in Anacystis nidulans and its 'uncoupling' by phage infection. PMID- 6786919 TI - Calcium-dependent in vitro interaction between bovine adrenal medullary cell membranes and chromaffin granules as a model for exocytosis. PMID- 6786921 TI - DNase I hypersensitivity of the terminal inverted repeat DNA sequences in the macronucleus of the ciliate Stylonychia mytilus. PMID- 6786922 TI - Intracellular calcium and the control of neuronal pacemaker activity. AB - Pacemaker activity of the Aplysia bursting pacemaker neuron R-15 was analyzed. It was shown that the free intracellular Ca2+ concentration, as measured by arsenazo III, increases during the depolarizing phase of the pacemaker cycle and declines throughout the hyperpolarizing phase that follows. This increase in Ca2+ results from the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels that open during the depolarizing phase of the cycle. The extracellular K+ concentration also increases during the depolarizing phase of the cycle and is correlated with an outward K+ current that opposes the inward current carried by Ca2+ ions. The increase in internal Ca2+ is sufficient to activate a K+ conductance that depends on the magnitude of the change in internal Ca2+ and on membrane potential, which is responsible for the hyperpolarizing phase of the cycle. It is proposed that the membrane oscillation depends on three separate but linked systems, which include a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel, the internal Ca2+ concentration, and a Ca2+-activated K+ channel. PMID- 6786923 TI - Special characteristics of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6786924 TI - [Tumors of the bladder]. PMID- 6786925 TI - [A study of patients with simple goiter: responses to TRH, T3 suppression tests and histological findings by needle biopsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6786926 TI - Immunity in lamprey. III. Occurrence of the complement-like activity. PMID- 6786927 TI - In vitro demonstration of serological cross-reactivity between Ichthyophthirius multifilis Foquet and Tetrahymena pyriformis Lwoff. PMID- 6786928 TI - The inhibitory effect of purified cobra venom factor, isolated from the venom of Naja naja atra, on the in vivo immune response in Galleria mellonella. PMID- 6786931 TI - The turnover characteristics of carbonic anhydrase in mouse tissues. PMID- 6786930 TI - Fatty acid synthetase from pigeon red blood cells. PMID- 6786929 TI - [Apoproteins in dyslipoproteinemia (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) which are essentially hydrophobic components circulate as lipid-protein complexes. Lipoproteins are defined by their protein moiety (apoprotein) whose composition corresponds to their density class. Low density lipoproteins are characterized by apoprotein B; in contrast, apoproteins A are found in high density lipoproteins. Apoproteins, consisting of a single or several polypeptide chains, play an essential role not only as structural entities but also as functional units in relation to the enzymes of lipoprotein metabolism. It is therefore possible that apoproteins may occupy a major place in the physiopathology of dyslipoproteinemias. To date, their roles have been established in atherosclerosis and some hyperlipoproteinemias with hypertriglyceridemia. Future studies of apoproteins may give a better understanding of certain other poorly defined metabolic disorders. At present, some of the hyperlipoproteinemias have been characterized by variations of one or several apoprotein levels. Nevertheless, the interpretation of this data must be cautious in view of a number of unknown factors. PMID- 6786932 TI - Kinetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster methylthioadenosine nucleoside phosphorylase. PMID- 6786933 TI - Isolation and characterization of glycosaminoglycans from atria of the human heart. PMID- 6786934 TI - Sisomicin: an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is highly effective against Pseudomonas. PMID- 6786935 TI - Absorption of penicillin V from mixture formulations. Comparison of potassium and benzathine salts. AB - The absorption rate and serum level curves of two commercial phenoxymethylpenicillin mixture preparations were compared in adult volunteers. Both the potassium salt (Primcillin) and the benzathine salt (V-Pen ped forte) of V-penicillin were rapidly absorbed and the mean peak serum levels were obtained with both preparations within the first hour after single dose administration. The mean peak level obtained with the potassium salt was several-fold higher (p less than 0.001) and was also reached within a shorter time than that of the benzathine preparation. These results confirm the earlier evidence, obtained with other formulae, for the superior bioavailability of the potassium salt of V penicillin as compared to most other derivatives used in V-penicillin mixtures. PMID- 6786936 TI - Isolation and characterization of a bovine seminal plasma protein inhibiting pituitary FSH secretion. AB - A basic protein with inhibin-like activity was purified from bull seminal plasma by ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and preparative disc electrophoresis. The protein migrated rapidly into the acrylamide gel at pH 4.5 but failed to penetrate the gel at pH 8.9. Electrophoresis at pH 4.5 revealed heterogeneity. Its molecular weight by SDS gel electrophoresis was estimated to be approx. 18 000 daltons. It exhibited inhibin activity in both in vivo and in vitro model systems. The partially purified protein fraction was active in suppressing hCG-induced mouse uterine weight in immature mice. It specifically inhibited the castration-induced rise in serum FSH in 34-day-old male rats, blocked the action of synthetic LH-RH in vivo and in vitro in rats and mice respectively. PMID- 6786937 TI - Binding of an inhibin-like protein from bull seminal plasma to ovine pituitary membranes. AB - A purified basic protein from bull seminal plasma having inhibin activity was labeled with 125I and tested for binding with ovine pituitary membrane fractions. The bound radioactivity could be eluted under acidic conditions and shown to rebind to fresh pituitary membranes. The properties of the eluted labeled inhibin were similar to the unlabeled fraction. The eluted labeled inhibin exhibited specific binding to the membranes, which was displaceable in a dose-dependent manner by an unlabeled active fraction. Only those fractions in the purification scheme which had inhibin activity also competed for the binding. A bovine follicular fluid fraction with molecular weight greater than 10 000 and inhibin activity also displaced the bound radioactivity from the membranes. Other purified hormones such as ovine FSH, LH or their subunits, prolactin or bovine serum albumin, dialyzed serum or unrelated basic macromolecules such as lysozyme, polylysine, histones, had no influence on the binding of labeled inhibin to ovine pituitary membranes. Synthetic LH-RH also failed to displace the labeled inhibin from the membranes. The binding was sensitive to heat and trypsin treatments. The data are consistent with the direct action of inhibin on the pituitary and demonstrate the existence of binding sites for the active fraction in this target. PMID- 6786938 TI - Pattern formation in Dictyostelium discoideum: an analysis of mutants altered in cell proportioning. PMID- 6786939 TI - Nuclear roles in the postconjugant development of the ciliated protozoan Euplotes aediculatus. 1. Evidence for sequential roles of the differentiating macronucleus in exconjugant development. PMID- 6786940 TI - Electrical responses of immature and mature Rana pipiens oocytes to sperm and other activating stimuli. PMID- 6786941 TI - A genetic melanotic neoplasm of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6786942 TI - Monoclonal antibodies (O1 to O4) to oligodendrocyte cell surfaces: an immunocytological study in the central nervous system. PMID- 6786943 TI - Developmental expression in central and peripheral nervous system of oligodendrocyte cell surface antigens (O antigens) recognized by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6786944 TI - City-wide cooperation: the Unit Clerk Program. PMID- 6786946 TI - [Angina at rest. Clinical, electrocardiographic and angiographic observations in 107 patients]. AB - 107 patients suffering from angina at rest associated with ST segment changes underwent coronary arteriography. 46 patients showed ST segment elevation during ischemic attacks (group I) while 61 patients exhibited ST segment depression during chest pain (group II). Non-significant coronary artery disease was more frequent in group I patients (group I 15%, group II 5%) as well as one vessel disease (group I 33%, group II 15%) while multivessel disease and left main involvement were more frequent in group II patients (group I 28%, group II 60%). Depression of left ventricular function was found in similar percentage of cases in both groups. During hospitalization all patients were treated with calcium antagonists (Nifedipine 10/20 mg every six hours) and/or nitrates (2% nitroglycerin ointment 2 inches every six/four hours) with one death (occurring after coronary arteriography) and eleven non-fatal myocardial infarctions. 50 patients underwent coronary bypass grafting with four perioperative deaths and six nonfatal myocardial infarctions. Most of the surgically treated patients were poorly responsive to medical treatment and had multivessel disease or left main involvement. Since these features are known to be related to a poor prognosis with medical treatment, surgical results in such patients seem satisfactory. PMID- 6786945 TI - Pancreas and islet transplantation. II. Clinical trials. AB - Clinical islet allotransplantation has been a safe, but largely unsuccessful enterprise. It has been difficult to apply techniques that might overcome the islet yield and allograft rejection problems encountered in animal experiments. Over the past decade only 4 of 74 attempts at islet transplantation have been followed by long term withdrawal of exogenous insulin therapy, and there are problems with intrepretation of the outcome in each of theses cases, as discussed in the preceding section. In the islet allograft situation, the failures may have been for technical or for immunological reasons. In the autograft situation, rejection could not occur and the failures were clearly technical. The success rate with islet autografts gives some indication as to what might be achieved with islet allotransplantation if rejection could be prevented in the latter situation. The islet autotransplant experience is not entirely predictative, however, for two reasons: 1) the uncertainty over the contribution of the pancreatic remnant to carbohydrate metabolism when less than the total pancreatectomy is done; 2) the increased difficulty with liberating islets from diseased, fibrotic pancreases. For both islet allo- and autotransplantation, the success rate will probably remain low until more effective techniques are developed for preparation of islets from adult pancreases. For the allograft situation, additional advances will be needed in immunosuppression or in techniques to alter islet graft immunogenicity in order to overcome the rejection phenomenon. PMID- 6786947 TI - Bowel preparation and the safety of colonoscopic polypectomy. AB - A fatal colonic explosion has been recorded during colonoscopic polypectomy after oral mannitol bowel preparation. It has been suggested that bacterial degradation of oral mannitol allows the production of hydrogen and methane which are potentially explosive. We have analyzed the gas composition of colonic aspirates in unprepared patients (n = 11), after orthograde saline lavage (n = 11), after oral mannitol alone (n = 11), and when oral mannitol was given with oral antibiotics (n = 11). After oral mannitol bowel preparation 7 patients had potentially explosive gas mixtures compared with 4 in the unprepared group, 1 after orthograde saline lavage, and none when oral antibiotics were used before mannitol. We believe, therefore, that if oral mannitol is used for bowel preparation before colonoscopic polypectomy oral antibiotics should also be administered or insufflation should be with carbon dioxide. PMID- 6786948 TI - Demonstration of two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis by reinjection and cross-challenge studies in chimpanzees. AB - Utilizing immune electron microscopy, viruslike particles were identified in the serums of three apparently healthy, HBsAg-negative blood donors. The serum from one of the donors, when injected into two susceptible chimpanzees, induced non-A, non-B hepatitis with an increase in SGPT level and pathological changes in the liver compatible with acute hepatitis but none of the cytoplasmic ultrastructures previously noted by electron microscopy in non-A, non-B hepatitis. These two chimps did not contract hepatitis when the same inoculum was given again 17 wk after the first injection. When they were subsequently challenged, however, by a chimp inoculum containing viruslike particles known to induce non-A, non-B hepatitis with cytoplasmic tubular ultrastructures, they developed high SGPT levels and these characteristic ultrastructures in their hepatocytes. A third chimp was initially injected with the chimp inoculum containing viruslike particles known to induce hepatitis with tubular ultrastructures, reinjected with the same agent, and then challenged by the human serum containing viruslike particles capable of inducing non-A, non-B hepatitis without tubular ultrastructures. He developed biochemical and pathological evidence of acute hepatitis after the first and the third, but not after the second inoculations. There are at least two kinds of viruslike particles which are associated with infectivity for two different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis; these have been tentatively designated NANB-1 and NANB-2. PMID- 6786949 TI - Serial liver biopsies in parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis of early infancy. PMID- 6786950 TI - Gastric pepsin and acid secretion in patients with acute and healed duodenal ulcer. AB - The relationship between gastric pepsin, acid secretion, and duodenal ulcer activity was studied in 33 patients with an endoscopically proven carter, in 17 patients who were studied within 3 mo of an acute crater but who no longer had a crater endoscopically, and in 10 patients who had no duodenal ulcer symptoms for longer than 3 mo after a crater and who had negative endoscopy. There were an additional 11 patients who had paired studies in the early-healed and late-healed stages of their disease. There were no significant differences between the values obtained in the paired and nonpaired group. Basal and pentagastrin-stimulated outputs of both pepsin and acid were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) when an acute crater was present than in 23 control subjects. At 3 mo or more after healing there was a significant (p less than 0.001) fall in both basal and stimulated pepsin and acid output which became insignificantly different from that of controls. In 104 basal studies the ratio of pepsin to acid secretion was 33,000 +/- 2500 (mean +/- SE) pepsin units/mmol H+ with no difference between any groups including controls. In 102 stimulated studies the ratio was 13,600 +/- 400 PU/mmol H+, also with no differences between any groups. Although data in the literature are conflicting, these results support a direct relationship between the activity of duodenal ulcer disease and acid-pepsin secretion. PMID- 6786951 TI - Intestinal ischemia and diamine oxidase activity. PMID- 6786952 TI - Effect of added insulin on body composition of gastroenterologic patients receiving intravenous nutrition--a controlled clinical trial. AB - The administration of insulin of hypercatabolic patients with burns or multiple fractures has been shown to be associated with increased nitrogen retention during intravenous nutrition (IVN) with solutions of amino acids and hypertonic dextrose. It is not known if gastroenterologic patients in whom the degree of stress is much less, show a similar response. In a controlled study of two comparable groups of 16 gastroenterologic patients on a surgical service who received IVN for 2 wk the changes in body weight, fat, water, protein, and potassium that occurred were measured. The control group received a nutrient solution of hypertonic glucose and amino acids (44.7 +/- 9.0 kcal/kg/day) and the comparative group (45.9 +/- 6.6 kcal/kg/day) in addition had 30 IU of soluble insulin added to each 1006 kcal of nutrient solution. Both groups of patients gained similar amounts of weight, fat, and water, and body protein was maintained to the same extent. Those patients receiving insulin demonstrated a gain of total body potassium (p less than 0.001). The results show that the routine administration of insulin is not indicated in this type of patient, provided that glucose intolerance is absent. PMID- 6786953 TI - Copper metabolism and requirements in total parenteral nutrition. AB - Copper metabolism and requirements in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition were studied in 28 patients with gastrointestinal diseases. During each of the 3 wk of the study period, each of 24 patients received in their total parenteral nutrition solutions, a daily dose of copper amounting to 0.25 mg, 1.05 mg, or 1.85 mg, in a random order. The other 4 patients received a fixed daily dose of 1 mg throughout the 3 wk. Increased losses of copper through the gastrointestinal tract occurred in patients with diarrhea or high-output stomas or fistulas. Patients with abnormalities of liver excretory functions had decreases in gastrointestinal copper losses. Urinary copper excretion was twice that of normal subjects. Copper infused in excess of the requirements was retained and not excreted. Plasma copper did not reflect the copper balance and cannot be used as a guide for copper supplementation. Copper requirements were found to be 0.3 mg/day in patients with normal amounts of gastrointestinal excretion. In the presence of diarrhea or increased fluid loss through gastrointestinal stomas or fistulas, the copper requirements for total parenteral nutrition are 0.4--0.5 mg/day. PMID- 6786954 TI - Recurrent acute pancreatitis and intussusception complicating an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. AB - A patient is presented who exhibited recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis as well as intermittent intussusception. It is felt that both of these abnormalities are due to an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. The developmental theories of the intraluminal duodenal diverticulum are discussed. Early recognition of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum is aided by the awareness of its existence and the characteristic appearance on upper gastrointestinal barium examination. Surgery is curative. PMID- 6786955 TI - [Endocrinological findings in patients with multiple sclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - In 15 patients with multiple sclerosis about half of the patients showed decreased gonadotropin and estrogen values in the urine. A control examination of these findings in 19 additional patients showed normal plasma FSH and LH values. Except for one slightly elevated value the prolactin levels were normal in this group. PMID- 6786956 TI - Relaxation of potassium-depolarized canine, bovine and porcine large coronary arteries by nitroglycerin, chromonar and two dihydropyridine calcium antagonists. PMID- 6786957 TI - In vivo regulation of steroidogenesis by ovine gonadotropins in male and female mudpuppies, Necturus maculosus Rafinesque. PMID- 6786958 TI - Corrected data on disopyramide phosphate (Norpace) PMID- 6786959 TI - Protein status in long-stay geriatric in-patients. AB - In a study of 50 long-stay elderly patients, no significant biochemical evidence of protein sub-nutrition was found. Although their protein intake increased to a certain degree on a whole-food supplement, there was no alteration in their biochemical and immunological status during the period of supplementation. PMID- 6786960 TI - The long-stay patient. AB - The characteristics of long-stay patients (defined as those staying more than 6 months) have been studied in a prospective series of 2,405 admissions. 5.6% become long-stay patients and they were more likely to be women, to be readmissions, to have been admitted from an old people's home, to have been non emergency admissions, or to have been admitted by transfer. Further, they were more likely to have been physically inactive prior to admission, they had a lower average mental test score, and they were less likely to have had a constitutional upset at the time of admission. Subsequent outcome was studied by follow-up of 366 long-stay patients. Discharge rates were closely similar in the sexes, but mortality was significantly higher in men. During the first year of long stay, 14% were discharged to old people's homes and other institutions, 10% to their homes, while 33% of women and 48% of men died in hospital. After a further year only 20% of the original cohort remain in hospital. PMID- 6786961 TI - Adult day health care and the bottom line. PMID- 6786962 TI - Sarcocystosis in cattle and sheep at Prague abattoir. AB - A total of 288 animal oesophagi, including 154 from cattle and 134 from sheep of various age, were examined for the presence of sarcosporidians at Prague abattoir. The material from cattle was positive in 129 cases (84%) and all the three species of sarcosporidians hitherto described from cattle were identified: Sarcocystis cruzi, S. hirsuta and S. hominis. Among the sheep, 110 animals (82%) were infected. The macroscopic species S. tenella was found in 23 cases. The remaining positive findings were cystozoites and microscopic cysts of Sarcocystis including S. ovicanis (in 19 cases). PMID- 6786963 TI - [Effect of predosing with Y-12,141 on its antiallergic activity. --Studies on anti-allergic agents(IV)-- (author's transl)]. AB - Y-12, 141 (0.1 approximately 0.3 mg/kg) given i.v. 1 min before the antigen challenge inhibited both the 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and active anaphylactic bronchoconstriction of rats mediated by IgE-like antibody. The anti-PCA activity of Y-12, 141 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) given 1 min before the antigen challenge decreased significantly by predosing with Y-12, 141 (1 approximately 3 mg/kg i.v.) 60 min before the antigen challenge. The induction of tachyphylaxis in the PCA test appeared to depend on the doses in internal between predosing and second dosing. The anti-PCA activity of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) at a dose of 1 mg/kg i.v. decreased significantly by predosing with DSCG (10 mg/kg i.v.) 30 min before the antigen challenge. Cross-tachyphylaxis between Y-12, 141 and DSCG was observed in the PCA test. The tachyphylaxis to Y-12, 141 was more readily induced in the PCA than in the bronchoconstriction. The inhibitory activity of Y-12, 141 (0.3 mg/kg i.v.) given 1 min before the antigen challenge in the PCA and bronchoconstriction was not affected by predosing with Y 12, 141 (1 mg/kg p.o. or s.c.) for 7 days. PMID- 6786964 TI - [Effect of soedomycin (M3) on the phagocytosis in the mouse (author's transl)]. AB - Effect of M3, an anticancer agent, on the phagocytic activity of the mouse reticuloendothelial system was studied by the carbon clearance method. Lysosomal enzyme activities of peritoneal exudate cells solution (PECs) and peritoneal macrophage (Mp), and morphological changes of Mp were also examined. The K index (phagocytic index) was significantly increased 24 hr after the administration of M3 (250,300 mg/kg, i.p. X 3) as well as that of zymosan (Z: 50 mg/kg, i.p. X 3). The time course on phagocytic activity of Me (300 mg/kg) was also investigated. The index was increased 2, 4, and 96 hr after i.p. administration, but on i.v. administration the index was decreased at 2 and 4 hr, although increased at 72 hr. Microscopically, carbon particles were internalized by Mp of marginal zones between white and red pulp in the spleen, and in the liver, mainly by Kupffer cells. Lysosomal enzyme activities (acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase) and cell numbers of PECs were increased as follows: Z greater than M3 greater than Na2HPO4. These enzyme activities in Mp were also increased significantly 72 and 96 hr after i.p. administration. Observing of morphology by Giemsa staining, saline and Na2HPO4 groups showed round monocytes, but in the M3 and Z groups there were enlarged cells with many projections. These results suggest that M3 promotes the phagocytic activity on the reticuloendothelial system in mice and has a stimulatory effect on Mp because of the increase in the lysosomal enzyme activities and morphological changes in the cells. PMID- 6786965 TI - Utility of HLA and six erythrocyte antigen systems in excluding paternity among 500 disputed cases. AB - Six erythrocyte antigen systems and the HLA system were evaluated to establish their practical value in 500 cases of disputed paternity. The actual results were very close to predicted values. HLA testing is expected to detect 92% and red cell testing is expected to detect 67% of men falsely accused in paternity suits. The findings of this study show that HLA detected 94% and red cell testing detected 69% of 107 men falsely accused in 500 paternity cases. In order of sensitivity, Rh, MNSs, and ABO were the most useful erythrocyte marker systems. There were six out of 107 cases in which exclusions would have been undetected if red cell typing had not been performed. Five of the six cases involved "common" HLA haplotypes. PMID- 6786966 TI - [Dysfunction of Oddi's sphincter, a problem diagnosis]. AB - Problems of the diagnosis of Oddi's sphincter dysfunction are discussed based on experiences gained mostly in cholecystectomized patients. In every case the existence of an organic lesion interfering with free bile flow was ruled out. The functional nature of the lesion was verified by using the morphine-choleretic test combined with either dynamic hepatobiliary scintigraphy or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Illustrative cases are demonstrated. PMID- 6786967 TI - Effect of ammonia on glucose oxidation by isolated rat adipocytes. AB - The effect of ammonium and acetate salts on glucose metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes was studied. Ammonia in low concentration (1-10 mM) was found to inhibit insulin-stimulated CO2 production. Acetate had no effect on this system except at high concentrations (100 mM), at which it stimulated CO2 production. Ammonium and acetate salts had an anti-lipolytic effect at high concentration (100 mM) but no effect on lipolysis at lower concentrations. The observation that trace amounts of salts can affect a biological assay system suggests that other biological assay system may also be altered by contaminating buffer salts from protein isolation steps. PMID- 6786968 TI - Changes in thyroid hormone levels during the treatment of ketotic diabetes. PMID- 6786969 TI - 'Umbrella' program for equipment maintenance proves cost-effective. PMID- 6786970 TI - Hematological status of reproductive women in Western Samoa: an analysis of biometric data. PMID- 6786971 TI - A painful inflammation in hand of a black child. PMID- 6786972 TI - Management of the patient with resistant hypertension. AB - True refractory hypertension is relatively rare, but the causes of pseudoresistance are many. Thus, all patients should be considered medically treatable until proved otherwise. Initial workup should seek to determine whether the patient, the physician, or the hypertension is resistant. And one must make sure that therapy is indeed tailored to the patient's individual pathophysiology. PMID- 6786973 TI - Hybridomas as a source of antibodies. AB - Hybridomas, the progeny of fusion between antibody-secreting spleen cells and myeloma cells, produce large quantities of a single species of antibody. They are an ideal source of serologic reagents since they can be grown in tissue culture, frozen, stored, and recovered when needed. Impending applications include production of monoclonal antibodies to a wide variety of serum components and pathogens. PMID- 6786974 TI - Rapid conversion of pH to [H+]. AB - Sir William Osler described the practice of medicine as "an art based on Science." The authors have artfully simplified a frequently needed clinical calculation, using sequential multiplication and obviating the need for logarithmic manipulation. PMID- 6786975 TI - Rx exercise: effects and side effects. AB - More than ever before, physicians and patients alike are aware of the benefits of regular exercise. The involved physician must be able to prescribe individualized programs (e. g., for the post-MI patient) and to recognize side effects that may arise. Exercise is rarely ineffective as therapy: however, the potential for noncompliance is great unless the patient is motivated to begin at an appropriate level. PMID- 6786976 TI - 'High-risk' bundle branch block. AB - Even trifascicular block is often asymptomatic or presents with symptoms actually due to other causes. Recent studies into the natural history of chronic branch block have yielded information that facilitates identification of patients at high risk of sudden complete heart block. The authors provide practical insight into diagnosis, etiology, prognostic factors, and clinical management alternatives. PMID- 6786977 TI - Bf polymorphism. A very fast variant from Nigeria. PMID- 6786978 TI - T-cell regulation in autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6786979 TI - Functional aspects of IgM and IgG Fc receptors on murine T lymphocytes. PMID- 6786980 TI - Similarity between tryptic peptides derived from equine mu and rabbit gamma chains of affinity labeled antilactose antibodies of restricted heterogeneity. AB - Equine IgM and rabbit IgG antilactose antibodies of restricted heterogeneity were affinity labeled with two different bromoacetyl lactose reagents. Tryptic peptides derived from the heavy chains of the antibodies were analyzed for their amino acid compositions. Surprisingly they were quite similar. The possible genetic implication of this interesting observation is briefly discussed. PMID- 6786981 TI - Properties of monoclonal antibodies to human immunoglobulin kappa and lambda chains. AB - Hybridomas have been produced from mice immunized with human IgG. Culture supernates were assayed for the presence of antibody-producing cells by passive haemagglutination. Hybridomas producing antibodies to human kappa (kappa) and lambda (lambda) light chains have been cloned and grown as ascitic tumours in BALB/c mice. The antigen-binding characteristics of the monoclonal antibodies, contained in the ascitic fluid, were assessed by haemagglutination inhibition, ELISA and radioimmunoassay systems and by the binding of radiolabelled antigen in analytical flat-bed iso-electric focussing gels. One monoclonal anti-kappa reacted better with free than with combined kappa chains; for another the reverse was true. Antibody fractions separated by DEAE chromatography of ascitic fluids were coupled to ox red cells with chromic chloride and compared with polyclonal antibodies for the detection of cell-surface immunoglobulins. PMID- 6786982 TI - Modification of glybenclamide hypoglycaemia by phenytoin in rabbits. PMID- 6786983 TI - Cell wall deficient forms of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6786984 TI - Variability in in vitro neutralising capacity and cost efficiency ratio of liquid antacids. PMID- 6786985 TI - Corynebacterium diphtheriae in surgical wounds. PMID- 6786986 TI - Relationship between thyrotropin, thyroid hormones, thyroxine-binding globulin and estradiol-17 beta levels in normal pregnancy. PMID- 6786987 TI - Skeletal maturation of hands and wrists in normal and malnourished children. PMID- 6786988 TI - Anthropometric measurements of pre-school children in rural population of Jhansi district. PMID- 6786989 TI - Midarm/head circumference ratio in the assessment of protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6786990 TI - Effects of well-defined fibres on red blood cells and alveolar macrophages. AB - The fibres used in this experiment were UICC asbestos fibres (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, either untreated or leached with oxalic acid), nemalite and glass fibres. Chrysotile was also treated with sulfur dioxide. Size distribution measurements by electron microscopic analysis, chemical analysis and measurement of specific surface area were performed. Haemolytic activity was studied in human red blood cells by kinetic analysis of the percentage of haemoglobin released; this generated information on the shape of the curve, the initial velocity of the haemolysis and the maximal haemolysis. The effect on rabbit alveolar macrophages was determined in vitro by the measurement of lactic dehydrogenase and beta galactosidase released from alveolar macrophages cultured with the fibres. Amphiboles and chrysotile had opposite reactivities on red blood cells. Leaching did not change the shape of the curve with chrysotile whereas it modified that with amphiboles. The initial velocity decreased with leached chrysotile and increased with leached crocidolite or amosite. Maximal haemolysis was linearly dependent on the fibre concentration with amosite and crocidolite, but not with chrysotile or nemalite. The adsorption of sulfur dioxide onto chrysotile did not highly modify its haemolytic activity. In alveolar macrophages, chrysotile and leached amphiboles selectively released beta-galactosidase; and leached chrysotile and nemalite released both enzymes studied. PMID- 6786991 TI - Female sex steroid receptor status in primary and metastatic breast carcinoma and its relationship to serum steroid peptide hormone levels. PMID- 6786993 TI - Experiences in human milk analysis for halogenated hydrocarbon residues. AB - Factors affecting the different stages of human milk analysis for halogenated hydrocarbon residues are explored. The variation in milk fat during breast feeding and its consequences for sampling are outlined. Extraction efficiency is discussed in terms of fat content, residue recovery and sample size. The importance of clean-up procedures is illustrated by the removal of fat from the extract and unknown contaminants from adsorbents. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are partially separated from other halogenated hydrocarbon residues on a Florisil-silicic acid column. Both packed and capillary gas chromatographic columns can be used for identification and quantification of residues in human milk. Confirmation by chemical derivation and mass spectrometry is illustrated by the perchlorination of PCBs and PCB isomer distribution respectively. Fortification of samples and the use of a collaborative study are described as a means for method evaluation. PMID- 6786992 TI - Health and family planning services in Bangladesh: a study in inequality. AB - The development of health and family planning services in Bangladesh is examined in the context of the country's political economy. Inequities of power, influence, opportunity, and the ownership and distribution of assets and income are seen to lie at the root of the "Bangladesh crisis." In this, the country is not unlike many others in the Third World, only more so. The internal and external pressures which have contributed to a coercive attitude toward the problem of too rapid population growth are discussed. The allocation of Bangladeshi health service resources is examined in terms of expenditure, manpower, and facilities; they are found to be both inequitably distributed and inefficiently applied. Some alternatives to present patterns of development are touched upon. It is concluded that despite the country's poverty, most people do not have to go without basic primary health care (including family planning), which can be afforded even by countries as economically impoverished as Bangladesh. PMID- 6786994 TI - Effect of prenatal malnutrition on cortical reactivity of the rat parietal association area. AB - The influence of prenatal malnutrition on the reactivity of the rat parietal association cortex was studied by testing thresholds of direct cortical responses. Chronic and acute prenatal starvation caused a significant increase of cortical chronaxy values, indicating a detrimental effect on the axodendritic synapses. Since these synapses subserve cortico-cortical influxes underlying association processes, this detrimental effect could be correlated with behavioral and learning deficits found in malnutrition. PMID- 6786995 TI - Biochemical study of malnutrition. Part IV. Determination of amino acids in the serum, erythrocytes, urine and stool ultrafiltrates. AB - Before dietary treatment, no significant differences, except for alanine, were found in the amino acid pattern for 22 young mothers and 33 children with protein energy malnutrition (PEM), the characteristic feature of the serum pattern being the imbalance between essential and non essential amino acids. Apart from lysine, the essential amino acid levels were all below normal. This imbalance may be detected readily from the abnormal values of some particularly sensitive ratios: phenylalanine/tyrosine, valine/glycine, non essential amino acids/essential amino acids and, above all, serine/threonine. A striking finding was the very low threonine levels in all subjects, including local controls and the extremely low tryptophan levels in malnourished children. Before treatment, almost all the erythrocyte amino acid levels as well as the E/S ratios (erythrocytes/serum) were found to be raised in 9 children, demonstrating their poor clinical status. The urinary amino acid level was similar in both, patients before treatment and local controls. The urinary threonine level was low, like in the serum. A normalisation in most of the amino acid levels in the serum was observed upon dietary rehabilitation although not yet significant in all of them. In urine a similar tendency was observed but it was significant for threonine and methionine only, after 2 weeks treatment. Some additional urinary amino acid assays revealed changes upon two weeks dietary rehabilitation that can be interpreted as an increased production of enzymes affected by PEM as well as a growth of the patients' muscular mass. Increased free amino acid losses in the stools, caused by diarrhoea due to secondary malabsorption, and various viral and bacterial infections accompanying malnutrition, illustrate the severity of the diarrhoea. PMID- 6786996 TI - Histone gene expression: hybrid cells and organisms establish complex controls. PMID- 6786997 TI - Requirement of a protein component for scrapie infectivity. AB - Scrapie infectivity in the Hirt supernatant of a 20% scrapie-infected mouse brain filtrate was almost totally inactivated by pronase treatment. It was not affected by RNase A treatment and was only slightly reduced by DNase I treatment. These results indicate that a protein component is required for the transfection of scrapie nucleic acid and that free scrapie nucleic acid is either not infectious or its infectivity is extremely low. PMID- 6786998 TI - Myopathy in hyperornithinemic gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina. AB - Five patients in two families with hyperornithinemia and gyrate atrophy (HOGA) of the choroid and retina are reported. All patients had marked muscle wasting. Biochemical studies revealed high levels of plasma ornithine and low levels of plasma lysine. Muscle biopsies were performed in four patients and showed subsarcolemmal accumulation of pleomorphic mitochondria and tubular aggregates. These findings suggest that muscle wasting in HOGA is associated with a myopathy that is probably secondary to hyperornithinemia and/or hypolysinemia. PMID- 6786999 TI - [Neurological changes in livedo racemosa generalisata (Ehrmann). Case reports and review of the literature]. AB - Five women with idiopathic livedo reticularis (Ehrmann) are demonstrated who showed remarkable or serious cerebrovascular lesions. A review of the literature showed that cerebro-vascular disturbances are the most important complications in idiopathic livedo reticularis. Twenty-four of 33 patients (73 per cent) showed neurologic complications. The ratio men: women was 13:11, the mean of the age of the patients 37 years. PMID- 6787000 TI - Grand mal epilepsy as recorded during dynamic electrocardiography. AB - A patient with diagnosed epilepsy was followed at a post-myocardial infarction clinic with routine ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. On one particular occasion while being monitored, he manifested an epileptic seizure. The features and duration of the seizure were reflected in the electrocardiographic recording. Cardiac arrhythmias may result in epileptiform seizures which may be mediated either through vagomedullary reticular pathways or through cerebral hypoxia as a result of the hemodynamic disturbance. The apparent epilepsy may vary from confused behavior to a generalized seizure and may thus mimic true cryptogenic epilepsy. The following case concerns a post-myocardial infarction patient with diagnosed epilepsy who sustained a seizure which was documented by an ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder. PMID- 6787001 TI - The use of a carbodiimide-containing fixative for the immunohistochemical demonstration of coagulation factor VIII in rat vascular tissue. PMID- 6787002 TI - Enzyme-histochemistry of the juxtaoral organ in man ("organ of Chievitz"). AB - The activities of several enzymes - hydrolases, oxidoreductases and carbonic anhydrase - were demonstrated histochemically in the epithelial parenchyma of the human juxtaoral organ. Two characteristics enzyme-activity-patterns provided morphological distinction between two different forms of the juxtaoral organ, independently of the sex or age of the patient. Provisionally we have called them type I and type II. Type I showed a strong activity of alkaline phosphatase and carbonic anhydrase and low activity of non-specific esterases, whereas type II showed just the contrary. The enzyme activities in the epithelial parenchyma displayed obvious similarities to those of the duct cells of salivary glands but they were different from those of the oral mucosa studied. Only alkaline phosphatase of the enzymes demonstrated, showed activity in the epithelia of the juxtaoral organ but none in the oral mucosa or salivary glands. On account of the multiple nerve endings present, a receptor function is presumed for these, whereas the function of the epithelial parenchyma is still unknown. PMID- 6787004 TI - Effect of lead shielding cutouts on dose to overlying tissue for 7 MV electrons. PMID- 6787003 TI - [Light- and electronmicroscopical findings of CO2-laser induced alterations of blood- and lymph-vessels. A contribution to the problem of intraoperative tumor cell propagation (author's transl)]. AB - The CO2-laser induced vessel alterations of the colon transversum of rats are analyzed with the light- and electron-microscope. In the superficial carbonization zone the vessels are irreversibly closed up to an diameter of about 250 mu. In the following "necrobiotic zone" we see a partial homogenisation of the walls of the vessels, which are in a whole contracted. The endothelial cells are either ruptured or at least swollen. Only occasionally we found obliteration of the vessels by intravasal thrombosis. On the contrary to the lased animals show those being operated on by conventional methods massive bleeding into the operating-field and into the submucous layer of the colon. The immediate sealing of the vessels in the "carbonization zone" impedes the initial step of forming metastases, i.e. the intravascular tumor cell propagation. The meaning of intravascular tumor cells in respect of following metastases is discussed. PMID- 6787005 TI - Arterial blood gas and acid-base values in dogs with various diseases and signs of disease. AB - Results of arterial blood gas and acid-base analysis on initial samples prior to therapy were reviewed for 220 dogs admitted to the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Acidemia or alkalemia was detected in 61 of 220 dogs (28%). The most common acid-base abnormality was metabolic acidosis (79 of 220 dogs--36%). Primary metabolic acidosis was the acid-base category associated most frequently with the combination of vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration, and the combination of polydipsia and polyuria, whereas normal mean arterial PCO2 and [HCO3-] values and primary metabolic acidosis were detected with equal frequency in vomiting, diarrhea, and cyanosis. Arterial hypoxemia was found most frequently in patients with restrictive respiratory tract disease (restricted lung expansion), lower respiratory tract disease, heartworm disease, and circulatory system disease. Significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) arterial pH and PO2 were detected initially in dogs that eventually died, as compared with dogs that were improved at the time of discharge from the hospital. Mean [HCO3-] values also were lower initially in dogs that eventually died, as compared with those that improved, but the differences were not statistically significant. PMID- 6787006 TI - FSH or FSH plus LH superovulation in ewes following estrus synchronization with medoxyprogesterone acetate pessaries. AB - The estrous cycles of 28 ewes 9 to 10 months of age were synchronized with Medoxyprogesterone (MAP) pessaries. Superovulation was attempted by injecting either (follicle stimulating hormone) FSH or FSH plus Luteinizing Hormone (LH). MAP pessaries were in place for 12 days. FSH was administered (IM) to all ewes at 12-hr intervals over a 3-day period, 5 mg injected twice on day 11 after pessary insertion, followed by 4 and 3 mg twice daily on days 12 and 13, respectively. LH (25 mg injected IV) was given to 14 ewes within 8 hr after the onset of behavioral estrus. All ewes were hand mated with several rams at 12-hr intervals from the onset to the end of behavioral estrus. Ovulation, embryo recovery and fertilization rates were recorded for each ewe. Of 14 ewes injected with only FSH, 13 ovulated, with a mean ovulation rate of 8.2 +/- 5.6; embryo recovery rate averaged 62%, and fertilization rate was 97%. All 14 ewes given both FSH + LH ovulated, with an ovulation rate of 8.9 +/- 5.8 per ewe; embryo recovery averaged 70%, and 91% of all embryos recovered were fertilized. No statistical differences in ovulation, embryo recovery or fertilization rates were found between the FSH and FSH + LH superovulation treatment groups. In addition, no difference in the number of ewes showing estrus or duration of behavioral estrus was noted between FSH and FSH + LH treatments. PMID- 6787007 TI - Effect of boiling, frying, and baking on recovery of aflatoxin from naturally contaminated corn grits or cornmeal. AB - Corn grits naturally contaminated with aflatoxins were used for making boiled grits, and portions of the boiled grits were used for making pan-fried grits; cornmeal naturally contaminated with aflatoxins was used for making corn muffins. Procedures and recipes were derived from cookbook and market package recommendations. From analyses of the products for aflatoxins before and after preparation of the table-ready products, it was determined that 72 +/- 9% (n = 15) of the aflatoxin found in the original grits could be recovered after the grits were boiled. The recovery of aflatoxin B1 after the grits were fried was either 66 +/- 10% (n = 6) or 47 +/- 8% (n = 9), depending on whether 3 cups of water or 4 cups of water per cup of grits, respectively, were used for preparing the boiled grits before frying. Similarly, it was determined that 87 +/- 4% (n = 9) of the aflatoxin B1 found in the original cornmeal could be recovered from the baked muffins. No detectable aflatoxin B2 a was present in the extracts from any of the table-ready products. PMID- 6787008 TI - Mobilization of the genes for photosynthesis from Rhodopseudomonas capsulata by a promiscuous plasmid. AB - Plasmid pBLM2, a derivative of RP1 with enhanced chromosome mobilization activity in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, was isolated by screening rare exconjugant clones for sex factor activity. pBLM2 mobilized all known genes affecting photosynthesis as well as chromosomal genes for streptomycin and rifampin resistance and tryptophan and cytochrome biosynthesis. Tight linkage was exhibited among the genes affecting photosynthesis. The frequency of successful transfer of chromosomal markers reached 6 X 10(-4) per donor cell. R-primes were occasionally formed during conjugation, and a number of R-primes bearing the genes for photosynthesis were isolated by screening R. capsulata exconjugants with complementation phenotypes for the ability to transmit plasmid-borne R. capsulata genes to Escherichia coli cells. These R-primes were unstable in R. capsulata, but stable in E. coli or Pseudomonas fluorescens. Complementation and recombination events that occurred upon introduction of R-primes into R. capsulata mutants with altered photosynthetic apparatuses could be visualized as variations in colony pigmentation. Each R-prime studied complemented all known types of mutation affecting the differentiation of the photosynthetic apparatus, and no other R. capsulata gene was identified on those plasmids. The R. capsulata genes borne on the R-primes were not functional in E. coli or P. fluorescens. PMID- 6787009 TI - Intracellular mannitol, a product of glucose metabolism in staphylococci. AB - Mannitol (Mtl), not previously reported as an intracellular component of bacteria, although it has been found as an extracellular end product of anaerobic carbohydrate metabolism, accumulated within strains of all 10 staphylococcal species tested after aerobic incubation of washed cell suspensions in phosphate buffered 1% glucose for 2 h. Phenol extracts of the cells, before and after incubation, were analyzed for Mtl content by periodate utilization and paper chromatography and for Mtl 1-phosphate content, with Mtl 1-phosphate dehydrogenase. In Staphylococcus aureus Towler, the content of Mtl increased from a 0-h value of less than 2.4 to 16 mumol/g (dry weight) after incubation, and the level of Mtl 1-phosphate increased from a 0-h value of 1 to 8 mumol/g. The identification of Mtl was confirmed as the per-O-acetyl ester by gas-liquid chromatography and as the per-O-methyl ether by mass spectrometry. Also tested were 5 additional S. aureus strains and 32 coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains. All strains accumulated Mtl, even those strains that could not utilize exogenous Mtl during aerobic growth, usually in the range 4 to 25 mumol/g. Furthermore, three strains accumulated very high Mtl levels. Bacteria from several other genera were tested, and some were found to accumulate low to moderate levels of Mtl under similar incubation conditions. The metabolic conversion of glucose to intracellular Mtl, probably via Mtl 1-phosphate, is a common feature of staphylococci and also occurs in some other bacteria. PMID- 6787010 TI - Metabolism of sulfur compounds by whole filaments and heterocysts of Anabaena variabilis. AB - Filaments of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis reproduced 35SO4(2)-, incorporating 35S into cysteine, methionine, glutathione, sulfolipid, and several unidentified metabolites. The majority of the incorporated label accumulated in reduced glutathione. Heterocysts isolated from labeled filaments contained the same major labeled products. Isolated, metabolically active heterocysts were unable to reduce 35SO4(2)-, but were able to incorporate 35S2- into cysteine and glutathione. The results suggest that the initial activation of SO4(2)- occurs in vegetative cells and that some reduced forms, possibly including S20, are translocated into heterocysts. PMID- 6787011 TI - Cell wall proteins of Aquaspirillum serpens. AB - The Triton X-100-insoluble wall fraction of Aquaspirillum serpens VHA contained three major proteins: the regularly structured (RS) superficial protein (molecular weight 140,000) and two peptidoglycan-associated proteins (molecular weights, 32,000 and 33,000). The molecular arrangement and interactions of the outer membrane and RS proteins were examined with the use of bifunctional cross linking reagents. The peptidoglycan-associated and RS proteins were not readily cross-linked in either homo- or heteropolymers. This suggests that the free amino groups are not suitably disposed for cross-linking. Some high-molecular-weight multimers of the RS protein were produced, but the subunit structure of the RS array was not stabilized by cross-linking. The peptidoglycan-associated proteins were cross-linked to high-molecular-weight multimers, but no dimers or trimers were produced. This result suggests that these proteins exist in the outer membrane as multimers larger than trimers. PMID- 6787012 TI - Germination properties of a spore coat-defective mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - The presence of the gerE36 mutation in strains of Bacillus subtilis 168 resulted in poor germination of their spores in a range of germinants, as measured by the fall in absorbance of spore suspensions. Although resistant to heat and organic solvents, spores were sensitive to lysozyme; electron microscopy revealed that their coat structure was incomplete. These spores responded to germinants by losing heat resistance and changing from phase bright to phase gray. The release of dipicolinic acid and the fall in absorbance of spore suspensions reached only 75 and 50% of wild-type levels, respectively, but followed the same time course as the loss of heat resistance. Although the germination response was incomplete, the concentration of L-alanine required to elicit it was the same for the mutant as for the wild type. The properties of mutant spores suggest that an intact spore coat is not required for the initial interaction between germinant and spore, but that the coat layers may contain molecules important in later stages of germination. In transduction with phage SPP1, the gerE36 mutation mapped between citF and ilvB and was 90% cotransduced with citF2. The gerE mutation identifies the location of a gene important for the progress of late stages of spore formation. PMID- 6787013 TI - Sodium dodecyl sulfate-sensitive septation in a mitomycin C-sensitive, mtc, mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - A mitomycin C-sensitive, mtc, mutant of Escherichia coli has an altered cell surface and is sensitive to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The mutant, M27, formed multinucleate nonseptated filaments in the presence of a low concentration of SDS (50 microgram/ml). When the culture grown at that concentration of SDS was diluted with an SDS-free medium, the filaments began to divide at a very rapid rate after a lag of about 20 min. Chloramphenicol inhibited this recovery division when added within 10 min after SDS dilution but did not inhibit the division when added 20 min after dilution. Penicillin G at a low concentration, which is enough to cause filamentation, had virtually no effect on the recovery division of SDS-induced filaments. The division of penicillin G-induced filaments was inhibited by SDS. PMID- 6787014 TI - Long-chain fatty acid perturbations in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - The fatty acid content of Mycoplasma pneumoniae increased 2.5- to 9.6-fold when the growth medium was supplemented with a saturated, unsaturated, or beta-hydroxy fatty acid, the greatest increase occurring with palmitic acid. The amount of each supplemented fatty acid found within this organism was 2.8 to 5.5% of the total fatty acid content; the exception was palmitic acid. Up to 57% of the palmitic acid was utilized from the supplemented medium, whereas only 0.2 to 10% of the other fatty acids was utilized. Chromatographic and isotopic analyses revealed that 22% of the labeled palmitic acid incorporated from the palmitic acid-supplemented medium remained free in this organism. Also, even though complex lipid synthesis increased a minimum of 3.8-fold under these conditions, this mycoplasma continued to incorporate intact complex lipids from the growth medium. Bacteriostatic and bactericidal studies which used high concentrations of various long-chain fatty acids showed that only palmitic, myristic, and beta hydroxydecanoic acids were not bactericidal. The addition of palmitic acid to the growth medium resulted in the formation of exceedingly long, filamentous cells in approximately 25% of the population. Osmotic fragility and electron spin resonance spectroscopy studies showed a correlation among this increased fatty acid content, decreased membrane fluidity, and the increased osmotic fragility of palmitic acid-grown cells. In addition, these cells had a lowered cholesterol content. The effect of such compositional changes on osmotic fragility is discussed in this paper. Finally, the profound increase in the total fatty acid content of palmitic acid-grown cells altered neither sensitivity to tetracycline or erythromycin nor the amount of hydrogen peroxide secreted. PMID- 6787015 TI - Cloning restriction fragments that promote expression of a gene in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Plasmid pPL603 (3.1 megadaltons) specifies neomycin resistance in Bacillus subtilis and contains a structural gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. Cells harboring the plasmid cannot grow on solid media containing 10 microgram of chloramphenicol per ml. Cloning EcoRI (or EcoRI)-generated fragments of deoxyribonucleic acid from several sources into the single EcoRI site in plasmid pPL603, with subsequent selection of transformants of media containing 10 micrograms of chloramphenicol per ml, permits the identification of restriction fragments that promote expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. PMID- 6787016 TI - Cell wall metabolism in Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger: accumulation of wall polymers in the supernatant of chemostat cultures. AB - Cell wall polymers were measured both in the cells and in the cell-free medium of samples from steady-state chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis, growing at various rates under magnesium or phosphate limitation. The presence of both peptidoglycan and anionic wall polymers in the culture supernatant showed the occurrence of wall turnover in these cultures. Variable proportions of the total peptidoglycan present in the culture samples were found outside the cells in duplicate cultures, indicating that the rate of peptidoglycan turnover is variable in B. subtilis. Besides peptidoglycan, anionic wall polymers were detected in the culture supernatant: teichoic acid in magnesium-limited cultures and teichuronic acid in phosphate-limited cultures. In several samples, the ratio between the peptidoglycan and the anionic polymer concentrations was significantly lower in the extracellular fluid than in the walls. This divergency was attributed to the occurrence of direct secretion of anionic polymers after their synthesis. PMID- 6787018 TI - Recombinant plasmid associated cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation of Streptococcus lactis ML3. AB - Lactose-positive (Lac+) transconjugants resulting from matings between Streptococcus lactic ML3 and S. lactis LM2301 possess a single plasmid of approximately 60 megadaltons (Mdal) which is nearly twice the size of the lactose plasmid of the donor. The majority of these Lac+ transconjugants aggregated in broth and were able to transfer lactose-fermenting ability at a frequency higher than 10(-1) per donor on milk agar plates or in broth. Lac+ transconjugants which did not clump conjugated at a much lower frequency. Lactose-negative derivatives of Lac+ clumping transconjugants did not aggregate in broth and were missing the 60-Mdal plasmid. The ability to aggregates in broth was very unstable. Strains could lose the ability to clump but retain lactose-fermenting ability. The majority of these Lac+ nonclumping derivatives of clumping transconjugants contained a plasmid of approximately 33 Mdal, the size of the lactose plasmid of the original donor ML3. These strains transferred lactose-fermenting ability at a frequency of approximately 10(-6) per donor, resulting in both Lac+ clumping transconjugants which contained a 60-Mdal plasmid and Lac+ nonclumping transconjugants which possessed a 33-Mdal plasmid. Our results suggest that the genes responsible for cell aggregation and high-frequency conjugation are on the segment of deoxyribonucleic acid which recombined with the 33-Mdal lactose plasmid in S. lactis ML3. PMID- 6787017 TI - Regulation of methyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside-6-phosphate accumulation in Streptococcus lactis by exclusion and expulsion mechanisms. AB - Starved cells of Streptococcus lactis ML3 (grown previously on galactose, lactose, or maltose) accumulated methyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (TMG) by the lactose:phosphotransferase system. More than 98% of accumulated sugar was present as a phosphorylated derivative, TMG-6-phosphate (TMG-6P). When a phosphotransferase system sugar (glucose, mannose, 2-deoxyglucose, or lactose) was added to the medium simultaneously with TMG, the beta-galactoside was excluded from the cells. Galactose enhanced the accumulation of TMG-6P. Glucose, mannose, lactose, or maltose plus arginine, was added to a suspension of TMG-6P loaded cells of S. lactis ML3, elicited rapid expulsion of intracellular solute. The material recovered in the medium was exclusively free TMG. Expulsion of galactoside required both entry and metabolism of an appropriate sugar, and intracellular dephosphorylation of TMG-6P preceded efflux of TMG. The rate of dephosphorylation of TMG-6P by permeabilized cells was increased two-to threefold by adenosine 5'-triphosphate but was strongly inhibited by fluoride. S. lactis ML3 (DGr) was derived from S. lactis ML3 by positive selection for resistance to 2-deoxy-D-glucose and was defective in the enzyme IIMan component of the glucose:phosphotransferase system. Neither glucose nor mannose excluded TMG from cells of S. lactic ML3 (DGr), and these two sugars failed to elicit TMG expulsion from preloaded cells of the mutant strain. Accumulation of TMG-6P by S. lactis ML3 can be regulation by two independent mechanisms whose activities promote exclusion or expulsion of galactoside from the cell. PMID- 6787019 TI - Comparison of various properties of low-molecular-weight proteins from dormant spores of several Bacillus species. AB - Several properties of the major proteins degraded during germination of spores of Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, and Bacillus subtilis have been compared. All of the proteins had low molecular weights (6,000 to 13,000) and lacked cysteine, cystine, and tryptophan. The proteins could be subdivided into two groups: group I (B. megaterium A and C proteins, B. cereus A protein, and B. subtilis alpha and beta proteins) and group II (B. cereus and B. megaterium B proteins and B. subtilis gamma protein). Species in group II had lower levels of (or lacked) the amino acids isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and proline. Similarly, proteins in each group were more closely related immunologically. However, antisera against a B. megaterium group I protein cross-reacted more strongly with the B. megaterium group II protein than with group I proteins from other spore species, whereas antisera against the B. megaterium group II protein cross-reacted most strongly with B. megaterium group I proteins. Analysis of the primary sequences at the amino termini and in the regions of the B. cereus and B. subtilis proteins cleaved by the B. megaterium spore protease revealed that the B. cereus A protein was most similar to the B. megaterium A and C proteins, and the B. cereus B protein and the B. subtilis gamma protein were most similar to the B. megaterium B protein. However, amino terminal sequences within one group of proteins varied considerably, whereas the spore protease cleavage sites were more highly conserved. PMID- 6787020 TI - Acid-soluble spore proteins of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Acid-soluble spore proteins (ASSPs) comprise about 5% of the total protein of mature spores of different Bacillus subtilis strains. They consist of three abundant species, alpha, beta, and gamma, four less abundant species, and several minor species, alpha, beta, and gamma make up about 18, 18 and 36%, respectively, of the total ASSPs of strain 168, have molecular weights of 5,900, 5,9000, and 11,000, respectively, and resemble the major (A, C, and B) components of Bacillus megaterium ASSPs in several respects, including sensitivity to a specific B. megaterium spore endopeptidase. However, they have pI's of 6.58, 6.67, and 7.96, all lower than those of any of the B. megaterium ASSPs. Although strains varied in the proportions of different ASSPs, to overall patterns seen on gel electrophoresis are constant. ASSPs are located interior to the cortex, presumably in the spore cytoplasm, and are synthesized during sporulation and degraded during germination. PMID- 6787021 TI - Coregulation of oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) transhydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities in enteric bacteria during nitrogen limitation. AB - The relationship between oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)+] transhydrogenase (EC 1.6.1.1) and NAD(P)+ glutamate dehydrogenase in several enteric bacteria which differ slightly in their regulation of nitrogen metabolism was studied. Escherichia coli strain K-12 was grown on glucose and various concentrations of NH4Cl as the sole nitrogen source. In the range of 0.5 to 20 mM NH4Cl, the energy-independent transhydrogenase increased two to threefold. Comparable changes occurred in NAD(P)+-linked glutamate dehydrogenase. NH4Cl concentrations of 20 to 60 mM resulted in relatively constant specific activities for both enzymes. Higher exogenous NH4Cl, however, led to a decline in both activities. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, another potential source of cellular NADPH, was insensitive to NH4Cl limitation. Similar studies in the presence of glutamate and different exogenous NH4Cl concentrations again showed concerted effects on both enzymes. Growth on glutamate as the sole nitrogen source led to severe repression of both transhydrogenase and glutamate dehydrogenase. In Salmonella typhimurium, both enzymes were unaffected by limiting NH4Cl or growth on glutamate as the sole nitrogen source. Both were, however, repressed by growth on aspartate, a potential source of cellular glutamate. Coordinate changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase were also evident in Klebsiella aerogenes, particularly under conditions in which glutamate dehydrogenase was regulated inversely to glutamate synthetase. Coordinate changes in glutamate dehydrogenase and transhydrogenase in enteric bacteria are discussed in terms of the possible involvement of the latter enzyme as a direct source of NADPH in the ammonia assimilation system. PMID- 6787022 TI - SP02 particles mediating transduction of a plasmid containing SP02 cohesive ends. AB - SP02 particles that mediate transduction of plasmid pPL1010, a 4.6-megadalton derivative of pUB110 containing an Eco RI endonuclease-generated fragment of SP02 deoxyribonucleic acid that spans the cohesive ends, exhibit three unusual features: the transducing particles have a lower buoyant density than infectious particles; the transduction of pPL1010 occurs at high efficiency; and the transducing activity of the particles is relatively resistant to ultraviolet irradiation when the recipient is recombination proficient. Evidence is presented which indicates that SP02(pPL1010) particles carry the plasmid predominantly as a linear multimer having a molecular mass comparable to that of infectious SP02 deoxyribonucleic acid (ca. 31 megadaltons). The plasmid monomers in the linear multimer appear oriented in the same polarity. The buoyant density difference between infectious and transducing particles appears to be due mainly to the buoyant density difference between pPL1010 (1.699 g/cm3) and SP02 deoxyribonucleic acid (1.702 gm/cm3). PMID- 6787023 TI - Nitrosoguanidine sequential mutagenesis mapping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes. AB - Nitrosoguanidine-induced mutations occur at higher frequencies at the replication region than at other nonreplicating regions of the chromosome. Cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis synchronized with phenylethanol were used to determine the order of replication for 10 genes controlling drug resistance. Use of M. tuberculosis provided a 10-h replication map with good resolution because of the slow rate of deoxyribonucleic acid replication. The direction of chromosome replication could not be determined, but this study indicated no pause between rounds of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in a rich medium. PMID- 6787024 TI - Release of colicin E2 from Escherichia coli. AB - Treatment of Escherichia coli K-12(ColE2.P9) with 500 ng of mitomycin C per ml resulted in rapid and almost synchronous colicin E2 production. Colicin accumulated outside the cytoplasmic membrane, most probably in the periplasmic space. Colicin release occurred during a period in which the turbidity of the culture declined markedly. Periplasmic alkaline phosphatase was released during the same period, but cytoplasmic beta-galactosidase release was delayed. PMID- 6787025 TI - Naturally occurring genetic transfer of hydrogen-oxidizing ability between strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus. AB - Mutants defective in chemolithoautotrophic growth (Aut-) have been isolated from Alcaligenes eutrophus strains H16, N9A, G27, and TF93. Spontaneous Aut- mutants were obtained only with strain TF93. Mutants of the other strains were selected after conventional mutagenesis or treatment with mitomycin. Most of the mutants, including the spontaneous Aut- strains, lacked hydrogenase activity (Hox-) but possessed the ability to fix carbon dioxide (Cfx+). Agar mating of A. eutrophus H16 with Hox- mutants of the various strains resulted in transconjugants which had recovered the ability to grow autotrophically and to express activity of hydrogenase as examined by enzymatic and immunochemical analysis. Transfer of hydrogen-oxidizing ability occurred in the absence of a mobilizing plasmid such as Rp4. The transfer frequency was particularly high (ca. 10(-2) per donor) when the spontaneous Hox- mutants of strain TF93 were used as recipients. These strains proved to be plasmid free, whereas donors, transconjugants, and the mutagen-treated Hox- mutants contained a large plasmid (molecular weight, 270 +/- 10 X 10(6) revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The results allow the conclusion that A. eutrophus H16 harbors a self-transmissible plasmid designated pHG1, which carries information for hydrogen-oxidizing ability. PMID- 6787026 TI - Fructose uptake and influence on growth of and nitrogen fixation by Anabaena variabilis. AB - Fructose is specifically taken up by nitrogen-fixing cultures of Anabaena variabilis in the light and lowers the doubling time from 24 to 8 h. The kinetics for both fructose-dependent growth and fructose uptake are exponential. The apparent Km for fructose uptake in N2-fixing cultures is 160 microM for cells not previously exposed to fructose and 50 microM in cells adapted to fructose. Picomolar amounts of [14C]fructose are scavenged from the medium and accumulate in filaments. Heterocysts of fructose-adapted filaments accumulate 14C from fructose within 20 min. Short-term experiments with fructose-starved cultures provide evidence that nitrogenase activity, protein, and chlorophyll content change within one generation time upon addition of fructose. In long-term experiments, the amount of fructose initially present in the medium determines heterocyst number and packed-cell volume. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and amounts of chlorophyll decrease with exogenous fructose concentrations greater than 20 mM. PMID- 6787027 TI - Conversion of glucose to fatty acids and methane: roles of two mycoplasmal agents. AB - Two species of obligately anaerobic mycoplasmas were the major components of a methanogenic glucose-limited enrichment culture. In pure culture, one of these organisms, tentatively named Anaeroplasma sp. strain London, was shown to be responsible for the fermentation of glucose to fatty acids, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; the other mycoplasma was shown to produce methane from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and was named Methanoplasma elizabethii. This same methanogenic mycoplasma contained a low-molecular-weight fluorescent cofactor which had a maximum light absorbance at 430 nm. When both species of mycoplasmas were grown together on glucose, fermentation products included fatty acids and methane. For the first time, mycoplasmas are implicated as agents of anaerobic degradation and methanogenesis in a sewage sludge digester. PMID- 6787028 TI - Sensory adaptation and deadaptation by Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cells of Bacillus subtilis, when tethered by using antiflagellar antibody, rotate briefly counterclockwise (swimming behavior) or clockwise (tumbling behavior) when amino acids are added or removed, respectively. "Dissociation constants" for attractant-binding site interactions, calculated from duration of the rotational response to addition of amino acids, agreed with those calculated for their removal and with previous values calculated from sensitivity capillary assays. The ratio of adaptation times for addition versus removal of attractant averaged 1.7, which differs greatly from the value of 50 for Escherichia coli. PMID- 6787029 TI - Evolution of alkaline phosphatase in marine species of Vibrio. AB - The evolution of alkaline phosphatase was studied in marine species of Vibrio. Two antisera prepared against purified alkaline phosphatases from Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio harveyi were used to estimate the amino acid sequence divergence of this enzyme in 51 strains belonging to nine species. The methods used were the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique and the Ouchterlony double-diffusion procedure. There was a high degree of congruence between the measurement of the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and the percentage of deoxyribonucleic acid homology of the different organisms relative to both reference strains (correlation coefficient of -0.89) as well as between the amino acid sequence divergence of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase (correlation coefficient of 0.92) relative to V. splendidus. These findings supported the view that the evolution of marine species of Vibrio is primarily vertical and that horizontal evolution (involving genetic exchange between species), if significant, is restricted to a minor fraction of the bacterial genome. PMID- 6787030 TI - Peptide bond synthesis catalyzed by subtilisin, papain, and pepsin. AB - The peptide bond syntheses catalyzed by subtilisin BPN', papain [EC 3.4.22.2], and pepsin [EC 3.4.23.1] were studied comparatively at the optimum pH of the enzymes with the coupling system Cbz-(AA)n-OH + Leu-X leads to Cbz-(AA)n-Leu-X, in which AA = various amino acid residues, n = 1-3 and X = -NH2, -OEt, -OBut, ODPM (diphenyl methyl ester) or -NH. The coupling with these enzymes differed depending upon the nature of (AA)n and X. For subtilisin-catalyzed coupling, the molecular size of the carboxyl component was most important. Thus, Cbz-Gly-Pro Leu-OH was useful for synthesis in the presence of an equimolar concentration of Leu-NH. Either Ala-NH2 or Leu-NH2 was also useful as an amine component when present at a concentration several times that of the carboxyl component. Papain catalyzed the coupling between Cbz-AA-OH (AA = glycine, L-alanine, L-valine, L glutamic acid, or L-phenylalanine) and Leu-X (X = -OBut and -ODPM). The coupling of Cbz-Gly-Phe-OH and Leu-X catalyzed by pepsin was markedly affected, depending upon the nature of X in the following order: -NH greater than -OBut greater than NH2, -OEt. Leu-NH2, however, was quite efficient when its molar concentration was raised to twenty times that of the carboxyl component. PMID- 6787031 TI - Comparative studies on the structure of the light chains of human immunoglobulins. III. Amino acid sequence of a lambda type Bence Jones euglobulin. AB - Amino acid sequence analysis has been done on a euglobulin-like lambda Bence Jones protein NIG-58 with the major objective of determining the sequence of the variable region. Twenty-seven tryptic peptides with 4 overlapping peptides covering 215 residues, were isolated from completely reduced and aminoethylated protein, and 19 of these were completely sequenced. These comprised the entire variable region and 8 from the constant region. For the remaining peptides covering the rest of constant region, only partial sequences or the amino acid composition were determined. All the tryptic peptides could be arranged in order on the basis of the above results and homology with other lambda chains of known sequences. The sequence of the variable region (residues 0-108) differed from those previously reported in 30 to 50 residues and was classified into the V lambda II subgroup, but no variation was found in the sequence of the last 105 residues. The protein is characteristic of euglobulin and has 2 additional half cystine residues at positions 26 and 28, which forms covalent polymers up to octamer when kept in an alkaline solution. PMID- 6787032 TI - Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in the isolated nuclei of rat liver. AB - The nuclear biotransformation of aflatoxin B1 in vitro was observed with regard to inducer specificity, pH dependency, time course, kinetics, inhibitor sensitivity, and nuclear localization, and these data were compared with those from the microsomal transformation of aflatoxin B1. The nuclei and microsomes are capable of metabolizing aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin Q1, and two unidentified fluorescent compounds in the presence of fortified NADPH generating system. Pretreatments of rats by 3-methylcholanthrene or polychlorinated biphenyl enhanced both the nuclear and microsomal C-9 alpha-hydroxylation of aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin M1 and phenobarbital or polychlorinated biphenyl induced aflatoxin Q1 production. The optimal pHs for aflatoxin M1 and Q1 were 8.3 and 7.4, respectively, both in the nuclei and microsomes. Kinetic analysis revealed the Km of aflatoxin M1 formation in methylcholanthrene-induced nuclei was 9.4 x 10(-5) M, and this value was very close to that obtained with the microsomes. Inhibitor experiments revealed a high sensitivity of aflatoxin M1 formation to 7,8 benzoflavone and a low sensitivity of aflatoxin Q1 to SKF 525A. These findings and data on the detergent treatment of nuclei suggest that the nuclear cytochrome P-448 system, induced by 3-methylcholanthrene and localized in the outer membrane, catalyzes the aflatoxin M1 formation, and the cytochrome P-450 system induced by phenobarbital biotransforms aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin Q1. Pretreatment of rats by phenobarbital was found to induce microsomal degradation or detoxication of aflatoxin B1 into water-soluble metabolites, and no such an induction was observed in the nuclei. PMID- 6787033 TI - Reversible aggregation and stability of lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase from porcine adrenal cortex. AB - 1. Acid beta-galactosidase [EC 3.2.1.23] of porcine adrenocortical lysosomes, assayed for its activity towards p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside, showed two activity peaks on gel filtration profile at pH 7.4, one corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 270,000 (termed form A3) and the other about 65,000 (termed form A1). 2. Another form of acid beta-galactosidase with a molecular weight of about 130,000 (termed form A2) was found when the high speed extract or partially purified form A1 was chromatographed on Sephadex G-150 at pH 4.5. 3. In the presence of 0.1 M NaCl or saturating amounts of substrate at pH 4.5, the high speed extract showed the aggregation of form A2 yielding form A3. Dissociation of form A3 back to form A1 was observed on incubation at 37 degrees C in 0.02 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, and that was followed by irreversible enzyme inactivation. 4. Dissociation of form A3 into form A1 and enzyme inactivation in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, were prevented by addition of 0.1 M NaCl. 5. The interconvertible enzymic forms showed the same pH-activity profiles and Michaelis constants. 6. These results suggest that the lysosomal acid beta-galactosidase in the porcine adrenal cortex exists in vivo as the dimer, and that the dimer may further aggregate into the tetramer. PMID- 6787034 TI - Presence of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate in Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells. AB - Extracts of Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells with 2 M formic acid contained a large amount of a hyperphosphorylated nucleotide ("spot 4" nucleotide). The compound always comigrated with authentic guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) on two-dimensional polyethyleneimine (PEI)-cellulose thin-layer chromatography performed with three different solvent systems. Furthermore, all dephosphorylated 32P-labeled derivatives from the "spot 4" nucleotide comigrated on a one-dimensional PEI-cellulose plate with those from authentic ppGpp present in the same reaction mixture, when the compounds were hydrolyzed with snake venom phosphodiesterase or alkali. The level of the "spot 4" nucleotide (ppGpp) in the cell extracts was 0.14 nmol P/A660, corresponding to about one-third of the guanosine 5'-triphosphate (GTP) level and about 10% of the adenosine 5' triphosphate (ATP) level. These results indicate that a "magic spot" nucleotide, ppGpp, is present at a high level in B. subtilis cells vegetatively growing in mNSMP. PMID- 6787035 TI - Disappearance of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate in Bacillus subtilis vegetative cells upon carbon source deprivation. AB - Bacillus subtilis was grown in a nutrient medium, mNSMP, and a synthetic medium, mS6(C), in which spore formation was initiated after vegetative growth and exhaustion of carbon source or glucose. The amounts of intracellular phosphorylated compounds were analyzed at intervals by 2 M formic acid extraction and polyethyleneimine (PEI)-cellulose thin-layer chromatography followed by autoradiography. A hyperphosphorylated nucleotide, guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3' diphosphate (ppGpp), was accumulated in cells during vegetative growth in both mNSMP and mS6(C), and then the nucleotide was degraded upon initiation of sporulation in both cases. Furthermore, after the nucleotide had disappeared in cells cultivated in mS6(C) upon exhaustion of the carbon source, it could be reformed in the sporulating cells by addition of glucose to the medium. These results suggest that the ppGpp in vegetative cells may function in the regulation of B. subtilis sporulation. PMID- 6787036 TI - Purification of ribonuclease T1 by affinity chromatography. AB - The purification procedure of ribonuclease T1 was greatly improved by introducing affinity chromatography with a new adsorbent, guanosine 5'-phosphate-aminohexyl Sepharose 4B. The enzyme was purified by only four steps with a high yield (68%) from Taka-Diastase powder. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single peak of protein with a small shoulder on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The peak fraction, amounting to approximately 90% of total proteins, was homogeneous ribonuclease T1. Moreover the shoulder fraction was shown to contain another form of ribonuclease T1 electrophoretically distinguishable from the original one. Comparison of the properties of the fraction containing almost equal amounts of both components with those of original ribonuclease T1 shows that the other form of T1 is identical with the original one in respect to amino acid composition and base specificity. We propose to designate this new form and original one as ribonuclease T1-B and T1-A, respectively. PMID- 6787037 TI - Succinyl trialanine p-nitroanilide-hydrolytic enzymes in human serum. Partial purification and characterization. AB - The levels of two kinds of elastase-like enzymes, which are able to hydrolyze an artificial elastase substrate, suc-(Ala)3-pNA, but unable to hydrolyse a naturally occurring substrate, elastin, were found to be elevated in the sera of patients suffering from hepatobiliary disorders and other diseases accompanied by tissue damage. One of the enzymes was characterized as being sensitive to a chelating reagent, EDTA, and partially inactivated enzyme activity was recovered by the addition of calcium ion. The apparent molecular weight estimated by Sepharose 4B column chromatography showed a wide distribution from 200,000 to approximately 10,000,000, but all components were converted to a molecular weight of about 200,000 by treatment with 2% Triton X-100. The activity of this enzyme was partially reduced by the addition of anti-beta-lipoprotein antibody, showing that a part of the enzyme was affiliated with low and very low density lipoproteins in the serum. The level of the other enzyme was rarely increased in the sera of patients suffering from severe hepatic disorders. This enzyme was resistant to EDTA, and the apparent molecular weight was 150,000-200,000. It appeared not to be associated with lipid component. Both enzymes were assumed to be tissue-derived enzymes, because their activities were very low in the sera of healthy persons. PMID- 6787038 TI - Effect of various lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid on degranulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Lipoxygenase metabolites of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with 10 microM A23187 plus arachidonic acid were isolated and identified. These metabolites were compared with each other and to chemically synthesized arachidonate metabolites for their ability to stimulate leukocyte degranulation. 5(S),12(R)-Dihydroxy-6,8,10-(cis/trans/trans)14-cis eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene B4) produced a significant release of lysozyme, but not beta-glucuronidase or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase at low concentrations (EC50 = 6.5 x 10(-9) M), while the leukocyte nonenzymatically generated 5,12-or 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids had no effect at these concentrations. Higher concentrations (1--10 microM) of all the dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5 HETE) and its hydroperoxy precursor stimulated significant lysozyme release which was greater than that produced by 15-hydroxy-5,8,11-13-eicosatetraenoic acid, arachidonic acid, or its acetylene analogue, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid. Micromolar concentrations of leukotriene B4 and 5-HETE also stimulated significant release of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase above controls, but not beta glucuronidase. These results suggest that leukotriene B4 may play a role in regulating the release of certain granule-bound enzymes from polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6787039 TI - Interaction of sulfated glycosaminoglycans with lectins. AB - The sulfated glycosaminoglycans, such as keratan sulfate and chitin sulfate having 3-hydroxy free N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminyl residues as constituents, reacted with wheat germ agglutinin and Solanum tuberosum agglutinin by sugar specific interaction. The glycosaminoglycans showed different inhibitory activities to the hemagglutination reaction of these lectins and keratan sulfate and its modified products formed insoluble complexes with both of the lectins at pH 7.0 in physiological saline solutions (0.15 M NaCl). S. tuberosum agglutinin was precipitated within a particularly narrow concentration range of keratan sulfate, and the formation of a soluble complex was observed by gel chromatography. These interactions were specifically inhibited by N,N' diacetylchitobiose but not by 2 M NaCl. The specific interactions of the glycosaminoglycans with S. tuberosum agglutinin were confirmed by their ultraviolet difference spectra with two peaks at 285 and 298 nm attributable to the tryptophan residues in the binding site of the agglutinin. It was also found that S. tuberosum agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin have different binding specificities. The presence of sulfate groups in either keratan sulfate or chitin sulfate did not interfere with their specific interactions with S. tuberosum agglutinin as strongly as with wheat germ agglutinin. The N-acetylneuraminic acid residues in keratan sulfate were found to be receptor sites for wheat germ agglutinin but not for S. tuberosum agglutinin. PMID- 6787040 TI - An alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Biosynthesis and characterization of a trisaccharide (alpha-D-galactose-(1 goes to 3)-N-acetyllactosamine). AB - An alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity has been detected in membranous fractions (42,000 x g) of Ehrlich ascites cells which transfers galactosyl groups from UDP-galactose to endogenous and exogenous acceptors. The products of the reaction contain alpha-D-galactopyranosyl groups at the nonreducing termini. A solid state assay was developed to follow alpha-D-galactosyltransferase activity in the presence of beta-D-galactosyltransferase. Examination of a variety of insolubilized exogenous acceptors indicated that the most active acceptors for the alpha-D-galactosyltransferase had the structure beta-D-Gal-(1 goes to 4)-beta D-GlcNAc(1 goes to at their nonreducing termini. Incubation of UDP-[14C]galactose and beta-D-gal-(1 goes to 4)-D-GlcNAc (N-acetyllactosamine) or of UDP-galactose and beta-D-[14C]Gal-(1 goes to 4)-D-GlcNAc in the presence of the alpha-D galactosyltransferase resulted in the enzymic synthesis of a 14C-labeled trisaccharide. Chemical and enzymic methods of analysis revealed the structure of the trisaccharide to be alpha-D-Gal-(1 goes to 3)-beta-D-Gal-(1 goes to 4)-D GlcNAc. These data indicate that the alpha-D-galactosyltransferase in Ehrlich ascites cells transfers galactosyl groups to suitable acceptors to form an alpha (1 goes to 3)-D-galactosidic linkage. PMID- 6787041 TI - A terminal 6-sulfotransferase catalyzing a synthesis of N-acetylgalactosamine 4,6 bissulfate residue at the nonreducing terminal position of chondroitin sulfate. AB - A soluble enzyme from quail oviduct which incorporates sulfate into position 6 of the nonreducing N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate end group of chondroitin sulfate has been purified. This enzyme (termed "terminal 6-sulfotransferase") was partially separated from a 6-sulfotransferase present in the same tissue which catalyzes the incorporation of sulfate into interior portion of unsulfated chondroitin. The basic requirements for the terminal 6-sulfotransferase reaction were shown to be 3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate (donor) and chondroitin 4-sulfate (acceptor). The substitution of unsulfated chondroitin (prepared from squid skin) for chondroitin 4-sulfate resulted in a total loss of activity. These results suggest that the organization of the proteoglycan-synthesizing apparatus may well involve hitherto unrecognized mechanisms for the sulfation of chondroitin chains. PMID- 6787042 TI - Structure-function studies of cholera toxin and its A and B protomers. Modification of tryptophan residues. AB - The tryptophan residues on cholera toxin and its A and B protomers have been modified by reaction with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride and 2,4 dinitrophenylsulfenyl chloride. Modification of the tryptophan residues of cholera toxin results in complete loss of toxicity measured in a skin permeability assay. Modification of cholera toxin and its B protomer results in the complete loss of binding activity toward membrane receptors, the ganglioside galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-[N-acetylneuraminyl]-galactosylceramide (GM1), and the oligosaccharide moiety of the ganglioside GM1. Modification of cholera toxin and its A protomer results in a complete loss of the ADP-ribosylation activity exhibited by their native counterparts. Modification of the A protomer results in no apparent change in its physical properties by sedimentation velocity in the ultracentrifuge or by gel filtration chromatography. Modification of the B protomer, either directly or when it remains a component part of the holo toxin structure, results in a change in its sedimentation value and its elution from gel filtration columns. The changes are compatible with a conversion of the B protomer from a pentameric moiety in aqueous solvents to its existence as a monomer unit, i.e. to the individual polypeptide chains comprising the native B pentamer. Thiolysis of the 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfenyl chloride derivative of the B protomer reaggregates the individual-polypeptide chains but does not return its ability to interact with GM1. PMID- 6787043 TI - Characterization and comparison of soluble and membranous forms of intestinal alkaline phosphatase from the suckling rat. PMID- 6787044 TI - Epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids by a soluble cytochrome P-450-dependent system from Bacillus megaterium. AB - In previous publications from this laboratory we have described a soluble, partially purified cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase complex that, in the presence of NADPH and O2, catalyzes the monohydroxylation of long chain fatty acids, alcohols, and amides at the omega -1, omega -2, and omega -3 positions. We have now found that this preparation catalyzes the epoxidation as well as the hydroxylation of palmitoleic acid and a variety of other monounsaturated fatty acids. The experimental results reported here strongly support the concept that both hydroxylation and epoxidation are catalyzed by an identical cytochrome P-450 complex utilizing the same active and binding sites. Furthermore, for saturating levels of these substrates, the rate-limiting step in oxygenation does not appear to involve substrate structure. Thus, although the position and geometry of the double bond may dramatically affect the rate of epoxidation relative to hydroxylation, the combined rate of substrate oxygenation is essentially a constant independent of this ratio. Finally, we propose and present evidence for an enzyme-substrate binding model that involves polar binding of the carboxyl terminus and strong hydrophobic binding and sequestering of the terminal methyl group of the fatty acid. The three methylene carbons adjacent to the methyl group are positioned in a set geometry around the active site but the midchain region of a monounsaturated fatty acid is relatively free to interact or bind loosely with the enzyme surface in a variety of conformations. Depending on fatty acid structure, one or more of these conformations can bring the unsaturated center close enough to the active site to permit epoxidation of the double bond. PMID- 6787045 TI - Identification of the major component of the estrogen-induced protein of rat uterus as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase. AB - We have recently shown that the estrogen-induced protein of rat uterus (IP) is indistinguishable from a constitutive protein in rat brain, and that the brain type gamma gamma isozyme of enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) is a component of IP. Here we report that the brain type BB isozyme of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) is the major component of IP. The two IP components, creatine kinase BB and enolase gamma gamma, were copurified from rat brain by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzymes were separated on reactive blue 2 agarose, which absorbs creatine kinase BB but not enolase gamma gamma, at 40 mMNaCl, pH 5.2. The major component of IP was identified as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase on the basis of its specific enzyme activity, chromatographic behavior, and specific immunoprecipitation by anti-creatine kinase BB antiserum. The identity of the major component of IP and creatine kinase BB was confirmed by double isotope ratio analysis, limited protease digestion patterns, and the rapid increase in the rate of synthesis of creatine kinase in rat uterus in response to estrogen. IP has been a favored marker for estrogen action in rat uterus because of its early response to the hormone both in vivo and in vitro. The identification of the major component of IP as the BB isozyme of creatine kinase is a step toward understanding the function of IP in the early responses of the uterus to estrogen and reveals a further advantage for IP as a marker for the study of gene expression, and as a possible enzymic marker for hormone responsive tumors. PMID- 6787046 TI - The omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylase activities of prostaglandins A1 and E1 and lauric acid by pig kidney microsomes and a purified kidney cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6787047 TI - Scope and mechanism of carbohydrase action. Stereocomplementary hydrolytic and glucosyl-transferring actions of glucoamylase and glucodextranase with alpha- and beta-D-glucosyl fluoride. AB - Rhizopus niveus glucoamylase and Arthrobacter globiformis glucodextranase, which catalyze the hydrolysis of starch and dextrans, respectively, to form D-glucose of inverted (beta) configuration, were found to convert both alpha- and beta-D glucosyl fluoride to beta-D-glucose and hydrogen fluoride. Each enzyme directly hydrolyzes alpha-D-glucosyl fluoride but utilizes th beta-anomer in reactions that require 2 molecules of substrate and yield glucosyl transfer products which are then rapidly hydrolyzed to form beta-D-glucose. Various D-glucopyranosyl compounds serve as acceptors for such reactions. Mixtures of beta-D-glucosyl fluoride and methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside[14C], incubated with either enzyme, yielded both methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D [14C]glucopyranoside and methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 leads to 6)-alpha-D [14C]glucopyranoside. Glucoamylase produced more of the alpha-maltoside; glucodextranase produced more of the alpha-isomaltoside. Thus, both "exo-alpha glucan hydrolases" emerge as glucosylases that catalyze stereospecifically complementary hydrolytic and transglucosylative reactions with glucosyl donors of opposite configuration. These reactions not only provide a new view of the catalytic capabilities of these supposedly strict hydrolases; they also furnish a basis for defining a detailed mechanism for catalysis. Present results, together with those of several recent studies from this laboratory (especially similar findings obtained with beta-amylase acting on alpha- and beta-maltosyl fluoride (Hehre, E. J., Brewer, C. F., and Genghof, D. S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 5942 5950), provide strong new evidence for the functional flexibility of the catalytic groups of carbohydrases. PMID- 6787048 TI - Induction of cytochrome P-450 by pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and in a cell-free translation system. PMID- 6787049 TI - Evidence for a natural gene transfer from the ponyfish to its bioluminescent bacterial symbiont Photobacter leiognathi. The close relationship between bacteriocuprein and the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase of teleost fishes. PMID- 6787050 TI - Evidence that tetrahydrofolate does not bind to serine hydroxymethyltransferase with positive homotropic cooperativity. AB - Previous experiments suggesting that tetrahydrofolate binds to serine hydroxymethyltransferase with positive homotropic cooperativity have been reinvestigated. Our results show that the sigmoid-shaped tetrahydrofolate saturation curve, previously obtained by several other investigators, is due to the instability of tetrahydrofolate in the assay solution. Using a different assay method, we have shown that tetrahydrofolate gives a hyperbolic saturation curve with serine hydroxymethyltransferase. We could find no evidence, as suggested by other investigators, that heating the enzyme during purification destroyed its allosteric properties or that NADH binds to the enzyme as an allosteric effector. Evidence is presented that the loss of tetrahydrofolate during the assay period is due to oxidation by dissolved molecular oxygen. PMID- 6787051 TI - The mechanism of cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of ethanol in reconstituted membrane vesicles. AB - The mechanism of cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of ethanol has been investigated using reconstituted phospholipid vesicles containing purified preparations of rabbit liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 LM2. Incorporation of cytochrome b5 into the vesicles resulted in a 5-fold enhancement of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed O-dealkylation of 7 ethoxycoumarin, whereas the cytochrome P-450-dependent ethanol oxidation was slightly inhibited. Superoxide dismutase, added in increasing amounts to the vesicles, inhibited the formation of superoxide anions and, in a concomitant manner, also the production of acetaldehyde from ethanol in the system. Also horseradish peroxidase inhibited ethanol oxidation catalyzed by the vesicles; acetaldehyde formation and H2O2 formation decreased in a concomitant manner as the amount of the peroxidase was increased. Externally added hydrogen peroxide markedly stimulated cytochrome P-450-dependent ethanol oxidation, but not until the concentration of H2O2 reached 0.3 mM, whereas the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol completely inhibited the cytochrome P-450-dependent acetaldehyde production. Oxidation of ethanol was also accomplished using vesicles containing cytochrome b5 instead of cytochrome P-450 and in other systems regenerating superoxide anions, e.g. the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system and dihydroxyfumarate. The results are consistent with an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss mechanism for regeneration of hydroxyl radicals which subsequently react with ethanol, thereby giving the corresponding aldehyde. PMID- 6787052 TI - Protease digestion of colonic mucin. Evidence for the existence of two immunochemically distinct mucins. AB - Colonic mucin was prepared by phenol-water partition extraction of th colonic mucosa, followed by ethanol precipitation of the water-soluble material, molecular sieve chromatography, and reductive sodium dodecyl sulfate-disc gel electrophoresis in an agarose-polyacrylamide gradient gel. Although this material as observed to be relatively homogeneous by physical criteria, it was shown to contain at least two components by immunodiffusion. Molecular sieve, ion exchange, adsorption, lectin affinity, and electrophorectic techniques failed to separate the two components. However, by protease digestion employing either 1% w/w pronase or papain, followed by molecular sieve chromatography, we were able to separate at least the portions of the molecules containing the immunodeterminants. Physicochemical and immunologic properties of both components were characteristic of mucins. Mucin A (pronase digest fraction 1 from molecular sieve chromatography) was enriched in threonine, proline, and sialic acid, while mucin B (pronase digest fraction 3 from molecular sieve chromatography) was enriched in serine, alanine, and fucose. Mucin A and mucin b were shown to be immunologically distinct. The evidence suggests that the protease-digested mucin fractions originate from two different mucins, one a sialomucin, the other a fucomucin; however, the alternative explanation, that these two mucin fragments may originate from a single mucin molecule, cannot be ruled out at present. PMID- 6787053 TI - Differences in the functional interaction of two purified cytochrome P-450 isozymes with epoxide hydrolase. AB - The relative functional associations of two cytochrome P-450 isozymes with epoxide hydrolase were investigated in a reconstituted system containing highly purified enzymes. Cytochromes P-450 PB-B, the major hepatic form from phenobarbital-induced rats, and BNF-B, the major form from beta-naphthoflavone induced rats, were compared, with naphthalene and 2,3- and 2,5-dichlorobiphenyl as substrates. The results indicate that cytochrome P-450 BNF-B is more firmly associated with epoxide hydrolase than is cytochrome P-450 PB-B, and the association has major consequences for chemical carcinogenicity and toxicology. PMID- 6787054 TI - On the mechanism of effector-mediated activation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. PMID- 6787055 TI - beta-Galactosidase alpha-complementation. Overlapping sequences. AB - Enzyme activity is restored to two defective beta-galactosidase molecules (M15 protein lacking amino acid residues 11-41 and M112 protein lacking residues 23 31) by incubation with CNBr2 (residues 3-92 of beta-galactosidase). M15 and M112 proteins (alpha-acceptors) are dimers. Complemented enzyme, like wild type, has a tetrameric structure. Cleavage of CNBr2 with glutamic acid-specific protease yielded a much smaller alp ha-donor (3-41 peptide) which was also effective in complementation, indicating that the M15 protein can supply all of the residues from 42-92 for the structure of complemented enzyme. Treatment of M112 protein/3 41 peptide complemented enzyme with trypsin under very mild conditions followed by examination of the products demonstrated that the alpha-donor pep]tide supplies the NH2-terminal segment of complemented enzyme. Similar trypsin treatment of M15 protein/CNBr2 indicated that in this complemented enzyme the polypeptide region beyond those residues missing in the alpha-acceptor can be provided by either the alpha-donor or the alpha-acceptor. Both M15 protein and M112 protein are more susceptible to mild tryptic proteolysis than complemented enzyme, indicating a more open structure. Several antipeptide antibodies that react with these two proteins do not react with beta-galactosidase. M112 protein, like M15 protein, can be activated by anti-beta-galactosidase but to a much higher level. PMID- 6787056 TI - beta-Galactosidase alpha-complementation. Effect of single amino acid substitutions. PMID- 6787057 TI - Murine cell surface glycoproteins. Characterization of a major component of 80,000 daltons as a polymorphic differentiation antigen of mesenchymal cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with NIH/3T3 cell surface antigens were obtained from hybridomas of murine myeloma cells fused to spleen cells of rats immunized with NIH/3T3 cell plasma membranes. Four of the antibodies, of forty that have been studied, appeared to react with allospecific antigenic determinants: they bound to NIH/3T3 cells but not to BALB/ 3T3 cells. Each of these four antibodies immunoprecipitated a glycoprotein of about 80,000 daltons that migrated to an isoelectric point of about pH 5.0. Polypeptides of identical molecular weight and isoelectric points, and yielding the same proteolytic cleavage fragments, were present in BALB/3T3 cells, but were not antigenically reactive. The 80,000-dalton glycoprotein was a major constituent of the plasma membrane. It was a predominant lactoperoxidase iodinated component of intact NIH/3T3 cells, and saturation binding of 125I-labeled antibody indicated that there were about 10(6) antigenic sites/cell. Studies of the distribution of the immunoreactive glycoprotein among different strains of mice confirmed the polymorphic expression of the determinant: Spleen cells of BALB/c, DBA/1, DBA/2, and CBA mice did not bind anti 80,000-dalton glycoprotein monoclonal antibodies, whereas spleen cells of a large number of other strains of mice were positive for antibody-binding. The antigenic reactivity varied markedly among different cell lines and was greatest with the NIH/3T3 mouse embryo fibroblast, G8-1 Swiss Webster myoblast, and IC-21 SV40 transformed C57BL/6 mouse peritoneal macrophage. The properties of the 80,000 dalton glycoprotein characterized this molecule as a new cell surface differentiation alloantigen of murine mesenchymal cells. PMID- 6787058 TI - Purification and characterization of the plasminogen activator secreted by human melanoma cells in culture. AB - The plasminogen activator secreted by a cultured human melanoma cell line was purified and compared with urokinase and with tissue plasminogen activator from human uterus. The purification procedure consisted of chromatography on zinc chelate-agarose, concanavalin A-agarose, and Sephadex G-150 in the presence of 0.01% (v/v) Tween 80. The purified material was obtained from the culture medium with a yield of 46% and a purification factor of 263. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed one main band with a molecular weight of about 72,000, and in the presence of reducing agents, two bands of 33,000 and 39,000. Addition of the protease inhibitor Aprotinin to the culture media and column buffers yielded a one-chain plasminogen activator with a molecular weight of about 72,000. One molecule of activator reacted with about one molecular of [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate. The melanoma plasminogen activator and the uterine tissue plasminogen activator appeared to be very similar on dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, and amidolytic properties. Both activators bound to fibrin clots, while urokinase did not. In immunodiffusion, as well as in quenching experiments of the fibrinolytic activities, the melanoma plasminogen activator appeared to be immunologically identical with the uterine tissue plasminogen activator, but unrelated to urokinase. All these findings indicate that the plasminogen activator secreted by human melanoma cells in culture is very similar to, or identical with, the plasminogen activator found in normal tissue, but different from urokinase. PMID- 6787059 TI - A ten-year follow-up study of our first one hundred consecutive Charnley total hip replacements. AB - This study concerns the fate of the first 100 Charnley total hip replacements done in ninety ninety patients at The Hospital for Special Surgery. At the time of this study, the follow-up of the surviving sixty-seven patients ranged from nine and one-half to eleven and one-half year (average, ten years). When studied at an average of ten years after the initial operation, twenty-six of the original 100 hips that had been operated on had been lost to follow-up due to death, and seven could not be traced. Of the remaining sixty-seven hips that were available for clinical evaluation, thirty-seven were rated as excellent; twenty two, as good; four, as fair; and four, as poor, according to The Hospital for Special Surgery scoring system. The radiographs of fifty-four of the sixty-seven hips were available for this evaluation. Twenty-three of these hips showed radiographic signs of problems that appeared to have no significant bearing on the quality of their clinical results. There was loosening of the femoral component in five hips which occurred within the first three years after operation and then apparently stabilized. One required reoperation eight years after the original surgery. There was one fracture of the femoral stem eight years after the original operation, requiring reoperation. Six hips demonstrated so-called calcar resorption, the greatest measuring fourteen and thirty millimeters. Ten acetabular components showed wear of more than one millimeter, the maximum being five millimeters in both components of a patient with bilateral hip replacement. Two acetabular components migrated, one requiring reoperation due to progressive bone loss nine and one-half years after the original procedure. All three reoperations have been successful to date. PMID- 6787060 TI - Comparing cell kinetic studies of the effect of ftorafur and 5-fluorouracil on the L 1210 ascites tumor. AB - Ftorafur (FT), a 2-tetrahydrofuryl derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was introduced into cancer chemotherapy with the hope to obtain a therapeutic effect comparable to 5-FU with a smaller dose and less side effects. A comparison of the effect of FT and 5-FU on the proliferation of L 1210 ascites tumor cells in the present work has shown that both drugs result in an inhibition of DNA synthesis due to an inhibition of thymidylate synthetase. However, the extent of the effect of FT is reduced, i.e., to achieve a cell kinetic effect comparable to that of 5 FU, 60 times the equimolecular FT dose has to be applied. Thus, there is no dose saving effect of FT compared to 5-FU. A depot-like 5-FU effect of FT due to a slow release of 5-FU from FT as described in the literature could not be confirmed in the present study either. The effect of FT on the proliferation of L 1210 ascites tumor cells did not last longer than that of 5-FU. In contrast to 5 FU a severe side effect, viz., a drastic decrease of the body temperature from 39.1 degrees to 31.6 degrees C, was observed. That means that FT cannot only be effective by a release of 5-FU. This toxic side effect must be due to a different mechanism of action of FT. A significant increase in the median life span could only be achieved by the application of 5-FU (180 microgram/g). An equimolecular FT-dose did not result in an increase of the median life span. Based on the present study, the advantages of FT compared to 5-FU described in the literature cannot be confirmed. The present work shows that cell kinetic studies in animals are a useful tool to test the effect of new drugs in chemotherapy. PMID- 6787061 TI - The "abnormal" screening serum thyroxine (T4): analysis of physician response, outcome, cost and health effectiveness. PMID- 6787062 TI - Longest-term placement problems in an acute care hospital. PMID- 6787063 TI - Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and metoclopramide in patients with phenothiazine-induced hyperprolactinemia. AB - TRH and metoclopramide tests were performed in 10 female patients with presumed phenothiazine-induced hyperprolactinemia to define the serum PRL response to these agents. Our results show that the serum PRL response to metoclopramide is blunted in most patients with phenothiazine-induced hyperprolactinemia, and the serum PRL response to TRH is exaggerated in most patients during and 3 weeks after stopping phenothiazines. PMID- 6787064 TI - Progesterone positive feedback on gonadotropin release in estrogen-primed postmenopausal women: central nervous system and pituitary as possible sites of action. AB - To investigate the site and mode of action of progesterone in inducing gonadotropin release, the effects of catecholamine-depleting (methyldopa) or dopamine agonist (bromocriptine) drugs on progesterone positive feedback and the gonadotropin response to a centrally acting noradrenergic drug (clonidine) were evaluated in estrogen-primed postmenopausal women. Progesterone administration induced a significant rise in LH, FSH, and PRL serum levels in the control group. Bromocriptine administration was followed by a marked suppression of PRL release but did not modify the gonadotropin response to progesterone. Methyldopa pretreatment significantly reduced the progesterone-induced LH surge, while PRL release was unaffected. After estrogen priming, clonidine administration did not result in an increase in serum LH or FSH concentrations. The dissociated responses of LH and PRL in bromocriptine-pretreated subjects and the significant reduction of the LH rise after progesterone in methyldopa-pretreated women seem to invalidate the hypothesis that a fall in endogenous dopamine is responsible for progesterone positive feedback and suggest that neural noradrenergic mechanisms are involved in progesterone-induced gonadotropin release. The ineffectiveness of a centrally acting noradrenergic agonist in inducing gonadotropin rise provides indirect evidence that an increased pituitary responsiveness may also be involved in progesterone positive feedback. PMID- 6787065 TI - Pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in gonadotropin deficient and normal men: suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone responses by testosterone. PMID- 6787066 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay compared with immunoprecipitation for serotyping Neisseria meningitidis and its use in demonstrating serotype polymorphism. AB - Rabbit antisera generated against 11 prototype strains of group B Neisseria meningitidis were tritiated by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Ouchterlony immunoprecipitation technique. The relative insensitivity of the immunoprecipitation technique in detecting antibody compared with the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was demonstrated. Cross-reactions within the group and among the 11 serotypes were characterized with respect to established serological techniques. Serotype polymorphism among the strains of N. meningitidis was demonstrated with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6787067 TI - Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by pyocyanin production on Tech agar. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the only gram-negative bacillus capable of producing the very distinctive water-soluble pigment pyocyanin. We evaluated the reliability of this characteristic as a unique test for the identification of this organism by using Tech agar (BBL Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, Md.) medium. A retrospective and prospective analysis was performed with a total of 835 strains of P. aeruginosa; 818 (98%) produced pigment within 48 h of incubation, and 96% of those which produced pigment were positive after overnight incubation. Seventeen strains (2.0%) failed to produce pigment; 15 were mucoid strains from patients with cystic fibrosis. Tech agar is an effective, simple, and inexpensive medium for P. aeruginosa identification and may be used as a unique test for all potential P. aeruginosa isolates (beta hemolytic on blood agar; lactose-negative, oxidase-positive colonies). Nonpigmented mucoid strains, as well as other nonpigmented organisms, will require additional testing to ensure proper identification. PMID- 6787068 TI - Preliminary identification of mycobacteria isolated from clinical specimens. AB - From March 1979 to June 1980, we preliminary identified mycobacteria at the time of their initial isolation by colonial morphology, pigmentation, and growth rate. The definitive identifications were predicted accurately for 92% of the mycobacteria isolated from 108 patients. For laboratories that isolate relatively few different species of mycobacteria, the advantages of this approach are its simplicity and the speed with which presumptive identifications can be made available for clinical use. PMID- 6787069 TI - Diagnosis of bacteremia in children by quantitative direct plating and a radiometric procedure. AB - During a 1-year period, three bacteriological systems for detecting bacteremia in children were analyzed, namely, the BACTEC system (Johnston Laboratories, Inc., Cockeysville, Md.), the Fisher/Lederle bottle (Lederle Diagnostics, Pearl River, N.Y.), and a direct plating method of blood termed quantitative direct plating (QDP). Of 2,123 blood cultures, 135 (6.4%) were positive; Haemophilus influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for 3.4%, representing 61 patients, other pathogens accounted for 0.6%, and contaminants accounted for 2.4%. Of 72 cultures yielding H. influenzae, N. meningitidis, and S. pneumoniae, 60 were recovered by both broth systems, 2 by BACTEC only and 10 by Fisher/Lederle bottle only. The BACTEC system failed to register a positive growth index reading by 24 h in 15 cultures which were positive for H. influenzae, even though growth had occurred, as shown by positive subculture and microscopy at this time. QDP detected 89% of the cultures positive for H. influenzae and N. meningitidis, of which 55% yielded results before either broth procedure. Only 50% of the cultures positive for S. pneumoniae yielded growth on QDP. This difference in the recovery rate probably is accounted for by the number of organisms in the blood. Thus, more than 100 organisms per ml of blood were found in 71% of cultures positive for H. influenzae and N. meningitidis but in only 7% of those positive for S. pneumoniae. These studies, then, have revealed that H. influenzae, which grew well in BACTEC broth, did not, however, give a significant growth index reading during day 1 of incubation, in contrast to N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae. The QDP system not only provided information on the magnitude of bacteremia due to H. influenzae and N. meningitidis but frequently allowed earlier diagnosis and, thus, proved to be a valuable, simple, and inexpensive supplementary technique for broth cultures, although not for the diagnosis of S. pneumoniae bacteremia. PMID- 6787070 TI - Distribution of Legionella pneumophilia antibody among primate species. AB - Sera representing 16 different primate species were surveyed by indirect immunofluorescence for evidence of antibody to Legionella pneumophila. The presence of antibody in Old and New World monkeys and in apes supports previous observations of the ubiquity of Legionella pneumophila. PMID- 6787071 TI - Fatty acid composition of rickettsiae. AB - The fatty acid compositions of selected strains of rickettsiae were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. The profiles of all the rickettsiae except Coxiella burnetii were qualitatively similar. The fatty acid composition of C. burnetii was similar to that of certain Legionella species. PMID- 6787072 TI - Gentamicin and amikacin disk susceptibility tests with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: definition of minimal inhibitory concentration correlates for susceptible and resistant categories. AB - With currently recommended disk susceptibility tests, minimal inhibitory concentration correlates for amikacin were greater than 16 micrograms/ml for resistance and less than or equal to 12 micrograms/ml (not less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml) for susceptibility. For gentamicin, they were greater than 8 micrograms/ml for resistance and less than or equal to 6 micrograms/ml (not less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) for susceptibility. Minor discrepancies between disk tests and minimal inhibitory concentration determinations will occur if only doubling dilutions of drug are used for measuring minimal inhibitory concentration values. PMID- 6787073 TI - Alternative quality control parameters for Autobac susceptibility testing disks: use of agar diffusion zone size results. AB - Persistent concerns about limitation in the assessment of the quality control of Autobac 1 (Pfizer Diagnostics Division, Groton, Conn.) led us to investigate an alternative method for monitoring the performance of Autobac susceptibility testing disks. Current methodology for quality control of the system provides data which are interpreted at the high end of a numerical scale; e.g., the control strain of Escherichia coli consistently exhibits a light-scattering index value of 1.00 for all antibiotics tested. This type of end-of-scale criterion may not detect individual antibiotic disk aberrations of individual clinical isolate susceptibilities. Disk diffusion testing allows a semiquantitative, continuous scale determination and will detect test performance variations, unless the control strain is highly resistant. During a 6-month period daily quality control procedures for 10 Autobac antibiotics tested against control strains of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were monitored, utilizing both Autobac 1 recommendations and disk diffusion susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer) methodology. Readings were carried out by one of six technologists. Zone sizes were within a range of +/- 3 mm of a mean value of 99% of the tests with E. coli and within +/- 3 mm for 98% of the tests with Pseudomonas. Reproducibility was excellent. The high reproducibility may be due to the disk manufacturing process, which provides rigorous disk preparation and acceptability standards, to strict laboratory storage procedure, and to our own careful assessment of disk cartridges before their use for clinical susceptibility testing. We recommend that each new cartridge be tested in this manner and that a similar procedure be considered for other automated procedures in which disks are used. PMID- 6787074 TI - Metabolic analysis of serologically defined Neisseria meningitidis isolates by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. AB - Eight serogroups [A, B, C, D, X, Y, 29E [Z'], and W135] along with nongroupable and nontypable strains of Neisseria meningitidis were cultured in a defined liquid medium. The whole-culture spent medium was extracted, derivatized, and analyzed by frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. The frequency-pulsed electron capture gas-liquid chromatography profiles were then used to group the organisms on the basis of their metabolic profiles. First, two basic groups were formed which consisted of elevated spent-medium compounds and reduced spent-medium compounds. Then, these two basic groups were further subdivided on the basis of metabolites and cellular fatty acids detected in the spent medium to form a total of seven metabolic groups. The nongroupable strains (with the exception of two strains) fell within one of these metabolic groups. The elevated spent-medium compounds group contained all of the A, B, Y, and Z' strains, and the reduced spent-medium compounds group contained most of the C and all of the W135 and D strains. The potential usefulness of the metabolic group scheme is discussed. PMID- 6787075 TI - Choice and specificity of complement in complement fixation assay. AB - This study examines the relative activity of various complement sources in a variety of antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) complement fixation assay systems. Studied were Ag-Ab systems of cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, Pneumococcus, Coccidiodes, and guinea pig kidney. Ab titers in each system were determined by microcomplement fixation assay using two batches of titrated rabbit, monkey, cat, dog, human cord, human adult, and guinea pig sera as complement sources. Assay sensitivity and Ab titers proved to be strongly related to the complement sources. There was considerable variation in the ability of Ag-Ab complexes to bind the complement of each of the species tested. Guinea pig, rabbit, and monkey sera gave comparable titers in four of the five Ag-Ab systems tested. Cat serum complement was able to detect anti-adenovirus and anti-Pneumococcus reactivity only. Human adult, human cord, and dog sera exhibited anti-complementary activity. The study emphasizes the importance of complement source in determining both the specificity and sensitivity of complement fixation assays in a given Ag-Ab system. PMID- 6787076 TI - Evaluation of rapid radiometric method for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - A total of 106 isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were tested for drug susceptibility by the conventional 7H11 plate method and by a new rapid radiometric method using special 7H12 liquid medium with 14C-labeled substrate. Results obtained by the two methods were compared for rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of the new test method. There was 98% overall agreement between the results obtained by the two methods. Of a total of 424 drug tests, only 8 drug results did not agree, mostly in the case of streptomycin. This new procedure was found to be rapid, with 87% of the tests results reportable within 4 days and 98% reportable within 5 days as compared to the usual 3 weeks required with the conventional indirect susceptibility test method. The results of this preliminary study indicate that the rapid radiometric method seems to have the potential for routine laboratory use and merits further investigations. PMID- 6787077 TI - Comparative growth of Eikenella corrodens on 15 media in three atmospheres of incubation. AB - The abundance of growth and size of colonies of 10 isolates of Eikenella corrodens were studied using 15 commonly available media in aerobic, 5% CO2, and anaerobic atmospheres of incubation. Chocolate agar was the best medium for overall growth in all three atmospheres. Growth on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 5% blood and on Brucella agar supplemented with 5% blood was equivalent to that on chocolate agar in 5% CO2 and anaerobic environments but not in an aerobic atmosphere. Strains of E. corrodens did not grow on the selective media studied. Growth on media without blood or hemin supplements occurred in anaerobic but not in aerobic or 5% CO2 environments, and was consistently poorer than growth on the same media with these supplements. PMID- 6787078 TI - Use of New York City medium for improved recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. AB - New York City (NYC) and Martin-Lewis (ML) media were evaluated comparatively for their ability to support the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. A total of 1,010 urethral, cervical, pharyngeal, and rectal specimens were collected from walk-in patients attending a clinic for sexually transmitted diseases. A total of 187 and 165 isolates of gonococci were cultivated on NYC and ML media, respectively, with 161 of these isolates being recovered on both media. Overall, the use of NYC medium resulted in a 13.3% increased recovery rate of gonococci. When gonococci were recovered on both media from primary isolation, the NYC medium supported a more luxuriant growth and a greater number of colonies, which usually resulted in the detection of positive cultures 1 day sooner than on ML medium. Both media were comparable in their ability to suppress the growth of saprophytic microorganisms. The results of this study demonstrated that the use of NYC medium markedly enhanced the recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens as compared to ML medium. PMID- 6787080 TI - Role of insulin in the intermediary metabolism of the activated thymic-derived lymphocyte. AB - The hypothesis that a role for insulin in the metabolism of T cells would be evident after cell activation when receptors appear was tested to validate the T cell model and to analyze the mechanism by which insulin may function in immunoregulation. Measuring the flux rates of 3-O-[methyl-3H]-D-glucose and aminoisobutyric acid, alpha-[1-14C], lactate production and oxidation, and glucose oxidation from carbon 1- and carbon 6-labeled substrates, it was determined that (a) mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin enhance basal T lymphocyte intermediary metabolism, (b) physiologic concentrations of insulin have no impact on the metabolism of unstimulated, cultured, receptor-negative lymphocytes, and (c) insulin provided to receptor bearing lymphocytes augments intermediary metabolism above mitogen stimulated levels. The importance of the pentose phosphate shunt pathway for energy metabolism in the stimulated lymphocyte was confirmed. These studies demonstrate that insulin has a classical physiologic role to play in the activated lymphocyte further validating the use of this cell to examine potential receptor defects in disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. By enhancing energy metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes, insulin serves biologic economy and thus may perform its immunoregulatory role. PMID- 6787079 TI - Effects of age and diabetes mellitus on the solubility and nonenzymatic glucosylation of human skin collagen. AB - Collagen from human skin was fractionated into neutral salt-soluble, acid soluble, pepsin-released, and insoluble fractions. No age-related changes were observed in the proportion of collagen extracted by neutral salt. A significant age-related decrease in the proportion of acid-soluble collagen was found. A highly significant (P less than 0.001) age-related decrease in the amount of collagen released by pepsin digestion was observed, with a concomitant age related increase in the fraction of insoluble collagen. The amount of ketoamine linked glucose bound to this insoluble collagen also increased significantly with age. Skin collagen from three juvenile onset diabetics (JOD) and one young maturity onset diabetic (MOD) appeared to have undergone accelerated aging. JOD and the young MOD had significantly less collagen released by pepsin digestion and significantly more insoluble collagen than would be predicted by their ages. The collagen released by pepsin digestion of the diabetic samples had more high molecular weight components than similar fractions obtained from age-matched nondiabetic controls. There was also more ketoamine-linked glucose bound to the insoluble collagen of JOD than to that fraction from comparably aged control subjects. The apparent acceleration of collagen aging in diabetes mellitus may play a role in complications of diabetes that occur in collagen-rich tissues. PMID- 6787081 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on active and passive transport in the human jejunum. AB - The effect of intravenous vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on normal transport mechanisms in the human jejunum in vivo was examined with the triple lumen, steady-state perfusion technique. By using special test solutions that revealed different aspects of jejunal transport, we were able to evaluate the effect of VIP on specific transport processes, such as active bicarbonate absorption, active chloride secretion, and passive absorption or secretion of sodium chloride. At an infusion rate of 200 pmol/kg per h, VIP inhibited active bicarbonate absorption by approximately 42%, stimulated active chloride secretion to a slight extent, and slightly reduced passive sodium chloride absorption. A larger dose of VIP, 400 pmol/kg per h, had essentially the same effect on active bicarbonate absorption and active chloride secretion, but it markedly depressed passive sodium chloride absorption and also inhibited passive secretion induced by mannitol. VIP reduced the lumen-to-plasma unidirectional sodium and chloride flux rates, while the plasma-to-lumen flux rates were decreased to a lesser extent or remained unchanged. The potential difference became more lumen-negative with VIP, but the sodium diffusion and glucose-stimulated potential were not affected. We conclude that the major effect of VIP in the human jejunum is to decrease the normal absorption of water and electrolytes--not only active bicarbonate-mediated absorption, but also the passive absorption in response to osmotic forces generated by active or facilitated absorptive processes. Although an increase in chloride secretion does occur, this does not appear to be of major importance. PMID- 6787082 TI - Effects of arachidonic acid, monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and prostaglandins on the release of mucous glycoproteins from human airways in vitro. AB - Human lung explants maintained in culture for 7 d incorporate [(3)H]glucosamine into mucous glycoproteins. Ethanol-precipitable, glucosamine-labeled mucous secretion was measured, and the effects of different pharmacologic agents upon this secretion were investigated. Anaphylaxed human lung generates prostaglandin (PG) synthesis and increased mucous release. Arachidonic acid (AA), PGA(2), PGD(2), and PGF(2alpha) significantly increased mucous glycoprotein release, whereas PGE(2) significantly reduced release. Evidence which suggests that lipoxygenase products of AA augment mucous release includes the following: (a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID: acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin) increase mucous release while preventing prostaglandin formation. (b) The increase in mucous release induced by AA or NSAID is additive once the agents are combined. (c) Several nonspecific lipoxygenase inhibitors (eicosa 5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid; vitamin E; nordihydroguaiaretic acid; and alpha naphthol) inhibit mucous release. Three additional lines of evidence directly indicate that monohydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) causes increased mucous release: (a) the addition of a mixture of synthetic HETE (24-600 nM) increases mucous release; (b) pure 12-HETE (1-100 nM) also increases mucous release; (c) mucous release is increased synergistically by the combination of HETE and NSIAD. These data taken together demonstrate that HETE are capable of increasing mucous release and that conditions which may influence HETE production alter mucous release. Thus, although not directly demonstrating HETE production by human airways, the data strongly suggest that lipoxygenase products of AA in airways may profoundly influence mucous release; and it seems possible that lipoxygenase inhibitors may have a role in treating bronchorrhea. PMID- 6787083 TI - Comparison of the respiratory responses to external resistive loading and bronchoconstriction. AB - The effects of resistive loads applied at the mouth were compared to the effects of bronchospasm on ventilation, respiratory muscle force (occlusion pressure), and respiratory sensations in 6 normal and 11 asthmatic subjects breathing 100% O2. External resistive loads ranging from 0.65 to 13.33 cm H2O/liter per s were applied during both inspiration and expiration. Bronchospasm was induced by inhalation of aerosolized methacholine. Bronchospasm increased ventilation, inspiratory airflow, respiratory rate, and lowered PACO2. External resistive loading, on the other hand, reduced respiratory rate and inspiratory flow, but left ventilation and PACO2 unaltered. FRC increased to a greater extent with bronchospasm than external flow resistive loads. With both bronchospasm and external loading, occlusion pressure increased in proportion to the rise in resistance to airflow. However, the change in occlusion pressure produced by a given change in resistance and the absolute level of occlusion pressure at comparable levels of airway resistance were greater during bronchospasm than during external loading. These differences in occlusion pressure responses to the two forms of obstruction were not explained by differences in chemical drive or respiratory muscle mechanical advantage. Although the subjects' perception of the effort involved in breathing was heightened during both forms of obstruction to airflow, at any given level of resistance the sense of effort was greater with bronchospasm than external loading. Inputs from mechanoreceptors in the lungs (e.g., irritant receptors) and/or greater stimulation of chest wall mechanoreceptors as a result of increases in lung elastance may explain the differing responses elicited by the two forms of resistive loading. PMID- 6787084 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulation of prolactin release from clonal rat pituitary cells: evidence for action independent of extracellular calcium. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates prolactin release and (45)Ca(2+) efflux from GH(3) cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary cells. Elevation of extracellular K(+) also induces prolactin release and increases (45)Ca(2+) efflux from these cells. In this report, we distinguish between TRH and high K(+) as secretagogues and show that TRH-induced release of prolactin and (45)Ca(2+) is independent of the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration, but the effect of high K(+) on prolactin release and (45)Ca(2+) efflux is dependent on the concentration of Ca(2+) in the medium. The increment in (45)Ca(2+) efflux induced by 50 mM K(+) during perifusion was reduced in a concentration-dependent manner by lowering extracellular Ca(2+) from 1,500 to 0.02 muM (by adding EGTA), whereas 1 muM TRH enhanced (45)Ca(2+) efflux similarly over the entire range of extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. Although 50 mM K(+) caused release of 150 ng prolactin from 40 x 10(6) GH(3) cells exposed to 1,500 muM Ca(2+) (control), reduction of extracellular Ca(2+) to 2.8 muM decreased prolactin release caused by high K(+) to <3% of controls and no prolactin release was detected after exposure to 50 mM K(+) in medium with 0.02 muM free Ca(2+). In contrast, TRH caused release of 64 ng of prolactin from 40 x 10(6) GH(3) cells exposed to medium with 1,500 muM Ca(2+), and release caused by TRH was still 50 and 35% of control in medium with 2.8 and 0.02 muM Ca(2+), respectively. Furthermore, TRH transiently increased by 10-fold the fractional efflux of (45)Ca(2+) from GH(3) cells in static incubations with 1,500 or 3.5 muM Ca(2+), hereby confirming that the enhanced (45)Ca(2+) efflux caused by TRH in both low and high Ca(2+) medium was not an artifact of the perifusion system.Data obtained with chlortetracycline (CTC), a probe of membrane-bound Ca(2+), were concordant with those obtained by measuring (45)Ca(2+) efflux. Cellular fluorescence of CTC varied with the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration and the duration of incubation. TRH decreased the fluorescence of cell-associated CTC in a manner strongly suggesting stimulus induced mobilization of Ca(2+), and this effect was still demonstrable in GH(3) cells incubated in 50 mM K(+). These data suggest that TRH acts to mobilize sequestered cell-associated Ca(2+) reflected as a (45)Ca(2+) efflux which is independent of the extracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Mobilization of sequestered Ca(2+) into the cytoplasm may elevate free intracellular Ca(2+) and serve to couple stimulation by TRH to secretion of prolactin. PMID- 6787086 TI - Ultrasound: state of the art. AB - Ultrasound has become an accepted diagnostic modality since the late 1950s. Since its introduction as a soft-tissue imaging method, ultrasound has broadened and assumed many research and clinical roles in medicine. Yet, despite the growing enthusiasm for ultrasound, there has been little written about its growth that brings together the latest areas of clinical utilization and research. To gather this data, we personally researched 32 leading medical centers in the United States. This paper shows where ultrasound stands not and where it is likely to go in the near future. PMID- 6787085 TI - Immunoglobulin G heavy chain (Gm) allotypes in multiple sclerosis. AB - Serum samples from 70 Caucasian patients with multiple sclerosis were typed for nine Gm markers. Significant association was found with the Gm 1,17;21 phenotype, and the relative risk for individuals with this phenotype was calculated at 3.6. The data indicate that Caucasians positive for Gm 1,17;21 are almost four times more likely to develop multiple sclerosis than those without this phenotype. PMID- 6787088 TI - Fetal echocardiography: present and future applications. AB - Fetal heart motion was observed by T-M-mode echocardiography form the twelfth to fortieth week of gestation in 47 apparently normal pregnancies. In the earliest case (at 12 weeks), cardiac pulsations were recorded in a fetus in which the heart sounds could not be detected by Doppler ultrasound. The left and right ventricular dimensions and left-to-right ventricular ratios were determined in 24 of the 35 fetuses in which high-quality images were obtained. Interventricular septal motion was evaluated in 30 of these 35 fetuses. Potential clinical applications of echocardiography in evaluating fetal status are also presented. PMID- 6787087 TI - Medical implications of ultrasonically detected polycystic ovaries. AB - Polycystic ovaries are usually manifest on an ultrasound study as symmetrically enlarged ovaries containing numerous tiny cysts. The cysts are difficult to detect with conventional contact B-scanners but are readily detected with high resolution, real-time sector scanners. The cysts range in diameter form 2 to 6 mm and may be arranged in the periphery of an ovary or throughout the parenchyma. In patients with ultrasonically demonstrated polycystic ovaries (aged 15 to 35 years), there is a spectrum of clinical findings. Half the patients have most of the classic signs and symptoms (hirsutism, menstrual irregularity, and obesity) associated with Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Twenty-five percent have variants of the syndrome. In another 25%, no clinical abnormality is evident at the time of an ultrasound examination. PMID- 6787089 TI - Cholecystosonography in children with sickle cell disease: technical approach and clinical results. AB - Forty-five children with sickle cell anemia were studied with meticulous cholecystosonograms using a 5-MHz thyroid transducer. Good-quality images were obtained. The most informative and useful view was the left-side-down decubitus study with the ultrasound gantry angled 45% to the anteroposterior axis. Rotating the patient rapidly through 360 degrees did not increase the information content of the examination. We found that one third of a random group fo children with sickle cell anemia will have gallstones and one fifth will have"sludge". A kinked deformity of the gallbladder may simulate a gallstone. Neither age, sex, weight, physical findings (except for hepatomegaly), nor a variety of biochemical measurements of the blood will be of much value in predicting gallbladder disease in any given patient. PMID- 6787090 TI - Cardiovascular abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Echocardiographic examinations of 21 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus revealed a wide variety of abnormalities. The abnormalities consisted of substantial pericardial effusion in five patients (24%) and a thickened pericardium in six patients(29%); significantly larger left atrial and left ventricular dimensions and significantly smaller ejection fraction percentages, fractional shortening of the left ventricle, and rate of early diastolic mitral valve closure compared to that in a control group of subjects; and paradoxical and hypokinetic movement of the septum in one patient (5%) each. The presence of pericardial effusion and a thickened septum and a decrease in the ejection fraction percentage, fractional shortening of the left ventricle, and mitral valve diastolic closing velocity showed no correlation with previous hypertension, the presence or absence of anemia, renal failure, serum levels of proteins, and duration of patients' illnesses. Long-term follow-up studies to determine the implications of these subclinical cardiac abnormalities using noninvasive techniques (such as echocardiography) is vitally important. PMID- 6787091 TI - Ultrasonic anatomy of the fluid-filled duodenum. PMID- 6787092 TI - Echogenicity caused by stable microbubbles in a protein-lipid emulsion. PMID- 6787093 TI - Ultrasonic real-time diagnosis of fetal hydrothorax and lung hypoplasia. PMID- 6787094 TI - Ultrasound of a superior mesenteric artery aneurysm secondary to pancreatitis: a plea for real-time ultrasound of sonolucent masses in pancreatitis. PMID- 6787095 TI - Fetal Ultrasound findings in alpha-thalassemia major. PMID- 6787096 TI - Ultrasonic appearance of chest wall seromas in mastectomy patients. PMID- 6787097 TI - Use of an improved E. coli method for the measurement of cobalamin in serum: comparison with the E. gracilis assay results. AB - Owing to the higher serum cobalamin results that are obtained by R-binder radioisotopic dilution assay compared to microbiological assays (E. gracilis and L. leichmannii) it was suggested that serum contained a cobamide(s) that could not be detected by the more specific microbiological assays and that a much less specific test organism, which responds to most naturally occurring cobamides, such as the cobamide-dependent E. coli mutant, might respond to these cobamide(s) in serum. In an attempt to investigate this possibility an improved and simplified E. coli assay for the measurement of cobamide in serum was developed. The method is described, and the results obtained in normal subjects, in patients with megaloblastic anemia, and in anaemic pregnant women not suffering from megaloblastic anaemia are reported and compared with E. gracilis assay results. PMID- 6787098 TI - Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a potential source of laboratory-acquired infection. AB - A three-year retrospective study has demonstrated the effect of extrapulmonary tuberculosis on safety within a routine bacteriology laboratory. The investigation showed that, from 112 patients, 162 specimens considered to present a risk to laboratory staff were processed outside of the B1 protective area. However, it was estimated that only 51 of those specimens were heavily positive. Of these 57% were sputum 30% pus, and 10% urine. Specimens of pus and urine account for 50% of specimens received for non-tuberculosis investigations, and it would be impossible to process all specimens that might present a risk in B1 accommodation and still maintain a high degree of safety. It is recommended that request forms which accompany specimens should clearly indicate potential high risk specimens. PMID- 6787099 TI - A rapid slid coagglutination test-an alternative to the fluorescent antibody test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The Phadebact(R) Gonococcus Test, a slide coagglutination test, was compared with the Difco fluorescent antibody test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 18- to 24-hour primary plates. A total of 316 morphologically characteristic, oxidase-positive, Gram-negative diplococci were tested. Altogether 298 isolates were identified definitively as N. gonorrhoeae by a rapid carbohydrate utilisation test; 287 of the 298 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were identified by the coagglutination test, a sensitivity of 96%. The sensitivity of the fluorescent antibody test was 85% (254 of 298 isolates). False positive results due to cross-reactions with non-gonococcal Neisseria were uncommon (1 of 18 non-gonococcal isolates in the coagglutination test, a specificity of 94%; 2 of 18 in the fluorescent antibody test, a specificity of 88%). None of the 14 other contaminant organisms seen frequently on primary isolation media gave positive reactions. Interpretation of the coagglutination test proved to be difficult initially. Thirty-two (10%) coagglutination tests had to be repeated; 3 of the 32 (1% of the total isolates tested) remained uninterpretable. PMID- 6787101 TI - The Burrow Ink Test and the scabies mite. PMID- 6787100 TI - Melasma: a clinical, light microscopic, ultrastructural, and immunofluorescence study. AB - Melasma is an acquired brown hypermelanosis of the face. Although it is thought that melasma is associated with multiple etiologic factors (pregnancy, gastric, racial, and endocrine), one of the primary causes of its exacerbation appears to be exposure to sunlight. Three patterns of melasma are recognized clinically: (1) a centrofacial pattern, (2) a malar pattern, and (3) a mandibular pattern. Examination of patients with Wood's light (320--400 nm) is useful in classifying the specific type of melasma in correlation with the localization of pigment granules (melanosomes) in the epidermis and dermis. Four types of melasma are described on the basis of Wood's light examination: (1) an epidermal type, (2) a dermal type, (3) a mixed type, and (4) a fourth type, described in patients of dark complexion, in which the lesions, for lack of contrast, are not discernible on Wood's light examination, perhaps due to the increased number of melanosomes in the normal skin of black individuals. Light, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies revealed an increase in number and activity of type-specific melanocytes which appeared to be engaged in increased formation, melanization, and transfer of pigment granules (melanosomes) to the epidermis as well as to the dermis. The melanocyte seems to undergo a functional alteration brought about by a combination of multiple factors, including persistent sun exposure, hormonal factors, and genetic predisposition. PMID- 6787102 TI - Multidisciplinary teams in geriatric wards: myth or reality? AB - This paper argues that the rhetoric of multidisciplinary teamwork is central to the provision of health care generally and geriatric care in particular. Yet the notion of teamwork is poorly defined, and the supposed benefits for patients are not always readily apparent. Looking at teamwork in practice, examples from research are used to illustrate how multidisciplinary decision making and work with patients can, under particular circumstances, take on the appearance of collaboration amongst a team of expert colleagues, which co-opts patients and relatives to the status of team members. But very often, multidisciplinary work with patients is coordinated not by mutual collaboration amongst a team of equals, but by means of established work routines which are broadly applied to whole categories of patients, and by the operation of the traditional hierarchy of social relations in health care. For long stay patients, the pervasiveness of the teamwork mythology and the frequent concurrent withdrawal of other professionals can, at worst, leave the nurses in the invidious position of having responsibility, but no formal or legal authority for caring for their patients: work which no other professional is anxious to do. This leads to negative outcomes for patients as well as for nurses. Finally, it is stressed that analysis of multidisciplinary teamwork both in theory and in practice is vital if we are to understand the conditions under which multidisciplinary teamwork both flourishes, and can be demonstrated to be a necessary condition for the creation of positive care outcomes for geriatric patients in hospital. This paper seeks to raise some of the issues which must be confronted in the endeavour. PMID- 6787103 TI - Evaluating nutrition intervention in atherosclerosis: some theoretical and practical considerations. AB - A model for assessing the economic benefits of nutrition counseling services to ambulatory populations is discussed in the context of atherosclerosis. Possible methods for detecting and quantifying the impact of nutrition intervention on atherosclerosis-related risk factors are reviewed. Clinical records in a hospital sponsored health center were explored to see what problems might be involved in using retrospective data for evaluation. Early impressions of risk-factor improvement after nutrition intervention should encourage the needed rigorous studies to document and quantify this probable effect. PMID- 6787104 TI - A continuous assay method for glycogen synthesis from UDPglucose. AB - A light scattering assay was developed for continuous monitoring of glycogen synthesis from UDPglucose. A close linear correlation between light-scattering signal and the amount of radioactively labelled glucose incorporated into glycogen suggests that the scattering signal is determined by the average molecular weight of the glycogen molecules. The method has the advantage of continuity, and it is suitable to follow the time course of the reaction at different conditions and to determine the initial rate of glycogen synthesis in a relatively simple and fast way. The possibility of measurement of glycogen synthase activity in muscle extracts was also tested. PMID- 6787105 TI - [One case of dacryolithiasis of the lacrimal sac (author's transl)]. AB - Report is given of one case of dacryolithiasis of a diverticulum of the lacrimal sac. The case was demonstrated by dacryocystography and spontaneous passage of the case through the nose. Histopathological examination revealed this cast to be composed of layers of cellular debris, accompanied by an infiltration of leucocytes. There was a mycotic infection most likely with candida. The diverticulum of the sac demonstrated squamous metaplasia of the epithelium and mild inflammation. The responsibility of keratinized cells and mycotic infection in the pathogenesis of dacryolith is discussed. PMID- 6787106 TI - Rapid changes of glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetics submitted to artificial pancreas control. AB - This study was performed in order to investigate the possibility of rapid changes in glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Hb A1(a + b + c) values were evaluated by a chromatographic Column Test (Bio-Rad) in 20 insulin-dependent diabetic patients before and after 48 h of glycemic control obtained by an artificial pancreas (Biostator Miles). A significant decrease of glycosylated hemoglobin levels was observed: from 11.21 +/- 2.8% to 9.89 +/- 2.15% of total hemoglobin content (p less than 0.005). Our data bring to the conclusion that rapid changes of glycosylated hemoglobin partially reduce, but do not abolish the clinical significance of Hb A1 determination as a reliable index of long-term glycemic control in diabetic patients. PMID- 6787108 TI - Thyroid status in elderly sick patients. AB - Thyroid investigations were performed on 55 euthyroid patients hospitalized for chronic disease or recovering from acute illness. Three age groups were considered. Abnormalities were found only in patients over 75 years: 1) in the TRH test the maximum increase in serum TSH (delta TSHmax) was less marked and frequently delayed to 60 min, whereas the increase in T3 in 120 min (delta T3) was maintained; basal TSH was normal; 2) in 15 out of 28 cases, the pattern of circulating thyronines was abnormal showing an increase in reverse T3 a normal or decreased T3, and a rise in free T4 index beyond the normal range in 3 cases. In all cases but one, the combination of delta TSHmax, and delta T3 differentiated these patients from hyperthyroids. PMID- 6787107 TI - The effect of alrestatin on alanine-stimulated release of insulin and glucagon in man. AB - Alrestatin, an aldose reductase inhibitor, was administered orally to 10 normal men. Its effect on basal plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon levels and on the response of glucose, insulin and glucagon to an oral alanine load was assessed and compared to that of a placebo. There was a significant suppression of both the mean basal insulin level and the mean insulin response to alanine in the group pretreated with alrestatin as compared to the placebo group (p less than 0.05 at 0 and 60 min). Glucagon levels rose slightly in both groups but tended to be lower in the alrestatin-treated subjects, and blood sugar levels fell slightly. There was a significant inverse correlation between the mean insulin and glucose levels in individual subjects. The possible significance and mechanisms of insulin suppression are discussed. PMID- 6787109 TI - Effects of a single high oral dose of thyroxine on the pituitary-thyroid-axis. AB - Ten euthyroid and 9 hypothyroid volunteers were orally administered 2 mg L thyroxine (T4) to study the interaction between substitutive and suppressive effects of a single high T4 dose. After a significant rise the serum T4 concentration for 5 days in euthyroid and for 11 days in hypothyroid patients an inhibition of basal and of TRH stimulated TSH release was observed. Maximal inhibition of the TSH response in hypothyroid patients occurred 1 to 7 days after the individual T4 peak. This interval was significantly correlated to the extent of the respective T4 rise. In euthyroid subjects TSH response was significantly inhibited for 8, in hypothyroid patients for 22 days. In all but 3 of the euthyroid patients there was a significant inhibition of the thyroidal 132I uptake on day 8. Normalization of thyroidal 132I uptake and of pituitary TSH secretion generally coincided. PMID- 6787110 TI - Amplification of LH response to LHRH by dopamine infusion in eugonadal women. AB - Although the role of biogenic amines in the regulation of gonadotropin release has been studied extensively, the precise role of dopamine (DA) in stimulating LHRH and/or LH release is still controversial. In the present study 6 eugonadal women, aged 20-30, were given an LHRH infusion on day 6 of the menstrual cycle and the pattern and magnitude of LH and FSH responses were estimated. On day 6 of the next cycle, the experiment was repeated and DA was also infused beginning 60 min after the start of the LHRH infusion. Following LHRH infusion plasma LH showed a marked and significant rise with a mean peak increment at 4 h, and with a cumulative response (CR) of 9136 +/- 955 mIU/ml/6h. The pattern of FSH response tended to parallel that of LH; however, mean peak increment at 4 h and a CR of 2640 +/- 169 mIU/ml/6h were markedly lower. Plasma prolactin levels remained unchanged. Addition of DA to LHRH at 60 min evoked a significantly greater mean peak LH increment at 4 h and a CR of 15514 +/- 1836 mIU/ml/6h (p less than 0.001). There were no significant changes in either mean FSH peak at 4 h or in the CR (3257 +/- 309 mIU/ml/6h). As expected, a highly significant (p less than 0.001) decrease in circulating PRL from 12.1 +/- 3.1 to 3.0 +/- 1.5 ng/ml was seen during DA infusion. In conclusion, DA given by iv infusion enhancement LH response to LHRH in eugonadal women under the conditions of the present investigation, supporting a role for a dopaminergic component in the control of LH release in women. PMID- 6787111 TI - Thyroid hormone abnormalities in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Thyroid hormone abnormalities in serum were investigated in 47 patients with diabetes mellitus. Although no significant differences in T4 were found between normal subjects and diabetics, a group of diabetics whose fasting blood sugar levels were over 250 mg/dl showed significantly higher reverse T3 (rT3) (p less than 0.01) and lower T3 levels (p less than 0.05) than healthy controls. A significant correlation was observed between rT3 and FFA levels in diabetics. Moreover, patients in diabetic ketoacidosis showed markedly high rT3 with low T3 levels. With insulin treatment, these levels returned to normal in several days. These findings suggest that the reduction of T3 and the increase of rT3 may indicate an adaptation to limit catabolism in diabetics. PMID- 6787113 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV in rat kidney, liver, and salivary glands. AB - Specific antibodies directed against dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (DAP) IV prepared from rat and pig kidneys were produced in rabbits. Using a peroxidase-labeled or fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody method, localization of DAP IV was investigated in various tissues of the rat (kidney, liver and salivary glands). DAP IV was mainly localized in the brush border of the proximal tubules (kidney), in the cell membrane around bile canaliculi of hepatic cells (liver), and in the cell membrane of serous acinar cells (parotid and submaxillary glands). These results substantiate that DAP IV is a membrane-bound peptidase. PMID- 6787112 TI - Augmentation of prolactin response to TRH after cyproheptadine. AB - Serum PRL, TSH, T3 and T4 were estimated in the basal state and following iv bolus injection of 100 micrograms synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone before and 7 days after cyproheptadine treatment in 5 healthy adult males. Only the PRL response to TRH was augmented after cyproheptadine. This is perhaps related to the antidopaminergic effect of cyproheptadine. PMID- 6787114 TI - Effects of thyroidectomy, propylthiouracil, and thyroxine on pituitary content and immunocytochemical staining of thyrotropin (TSH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). AB - Previous studies have demonstrated immunocytochemical staining for beta chains of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH-beta) in rough endoplasmic reticulum of pituitary cells hypertrophied after thyroidectomy ("thyroidectomy cells") (Moriarty CG(1976): J Histochem Cytochem (24:846; Moriarty GC, Tobin RB (1976): J Histochem Cytochem 24:1140). Here we report the localization of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in serial sections of the same pituitaries to determine if it could be found at similar sites. No staining for TRH was found in hypertrophied TSH cells formed 42 days after the surgery, or after 14, 34, and 70 days of propylthiouracil (PTU) treatment. The loss in immunostaining in the PTU treated rats was correlated with radioimmunoassay (RIA) measurements that showed a 65% reduction in anterior pituitary TRH content after 34, 70, and 98 days of PTU treatment (from 22.9--7.8 pg/mg wet wt) and a 50% reduction in TSH content after 34 days of treatment. When thyroxine was administered to hypothyroid rats for 3 days before death, our previous studies had demonstrated intense staining for TSH in granules inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In this study, the radioimmunoassay showed that TSH content rose dramatically in the hypothyroid animals treated with PTU for 77 days and thyroxine for 2 days before death (from 8.5--64.1 mU/mg wet wt); however, the rise in TRH content was minimal (5.8--9.8 pg/mg wet wt). The immunocytochemical stain for TRH correlated well with the RIA showing a weak reaction mainly on small granules in the cytoplasm. No reaction for TRH was found in rough endoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that TRH and TSH storage sites are dissimilar in the hypothyroid rat. The presence of stain for TRH in granules in the cytoplasm suggests that it might play a role in the storage or packaging of TSH. Its absence in profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum staining intensely for TSH suggests that it is not synthesized at this site. No definite conclusions about its origin can be drawn at this time. PMID- 6787115 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of galactosyltransferase in human fibroblasts and HeLa cells. AB - Anti-human galactosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.22) antibodies were elicited in rabbits and purified on a galactosyltransferase-agarose column. Purified antibodies were used to localize galactosyltransferase in acetone-fixed HeLa cells and human lung fibroblasts. Both protein A-peroxidase developed with 3 amino 9-ethylcarbazole and swine anti-rabbit IgG-fluorescein isothiocyanate served to detect binding of anti-galactosyltransferase antibodies. In cells of confluent cultures, anti-galactosyltransferase staining appeared as a concise triangular structure in the juxtanuclear region with one angle oriented toward the bulk of the cytoplasm. The stained structure appeared as a dense cap on the nucleus in HeLa cells and as a more extended granular structure in fibroblasts. In cells of sparse cultures, specific anti-galactosyltransferase staining appeared in both HeLa cells and fibroblasts as a granular, extended structure, which was occasionally perinuclear. There was no evidence of cell surface localization of galactosyltransferase by light microscopy. The positively stained structures are interpreted to be part of the Golgi complex. PMID- 6787116 TI - Spectral properties of fluorescence induced by glutaraldehyde fixation. AB - Following fixation with glutaraldehyde, tissues or gelatin films fluoresce. This fluorescence can be enhanced more than thirtyfold by several minutes exposure to near ultraviolet light. Longer wavelengths produce a smaller effect. The enhanced fluorescence is maximally excited at 540 nm (half-band width about 45 nm), and fluorescence emission peaks at 560 nm. The rate of photoenhancement is independent of temperature in the 12--30 degrees C range. Photoenhancement is greater at alkaline than acid pH; the pH dependence involves a single acid binding group with pK = 7.3. These effects are not observed following treatment with paraformaldehyde or prior reduction with boranedimethylamine. Schiff base linkages between the bifunctional cross-linking reagent and free amino groups therefore seem to be involved. The effects of pH and wavelength on the photoenhancement of fluorescence are best accounted for by a kinetic scheme that includes both photogeneration of fluorophore from an ultraviolet-absorbing precursor, and its subsequent photodestruction by visible light. PMID- 6787117 TI - Development of a procedure for autoradiographic localization of carbonic anhydrase at the electron microscope level. AB - A method for preparing tissue suitable for electron microscope autoradiographic localization of carbonic anhydrase is described. Radioactivity is in the form of 3H-acetazolamide, a specific inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Tissues fixed in glutaraldehyde, dehydrated in ethylene glycol followed by cellosolve as a transition fluid, and embedded in epoxy resin, were found to retain most (74%) of the label. Electron micrographs of avian gastric mucosa prepared in this manner are shown. Other methods of preparation were explored and resulted in considerable losses of label or in inadequately preserved tissue. Light microscope autoradiographic localization of gastric mucosa, shell gland, chorioallantoic membrane, and skeletal muscle compare well with previous localizations. PMID- 6787118 TI - An outbreak of otitis externa in competitive swimmers due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from the ears of 18 of the 25 members of a team of competitive swimmers who complained of painful discharging ears. This group of swimmers trained twice daily in the pool, in the early morning and late afternoon. In contrast swabbing of the ears of a similar group of 54 competitive swimmers who used the pool only in the afternoon revealed only one swimmer with P. aeruginosa. Investigation of the swimming pool revealed that chlorination was often inadequate when the first group of swimmers were training in the early morning. Strains of P. aeruginosa were isolated from various sites around the pool and from the bag of a vacuum used to clean the pool. Pyocin typing, serotyping and phage typing were performed on all isolates. The dominant strain recovered from the swimmers' ears was found to be almost identical to that from the vacuum bag and belonged to serotype 0--11 which has been particularly associated with outbreaks of P. aeruginosa infection in whirlpools in the United States. These results support the hypothesis that there is a direct correlation between the development of otitis externa and swimming in water contaminated with P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6787120 TI - Naturally occurring antibodies to liposomes. II. Specificity and electrophoretic pattern of rabbit antibodies reacting with sphingomyelin-containing liposomes. AB - Sera obtained from rabbits after immunization with a variety of unrelated antigens contain antibodies that induce complement- (C) mediated lysis of sphingomyelin-containing liposomes in the absence of the relevant antigen from the membrane. Absorption or inhibition with dimyristoyl-phosphatidyl choline containing liposomes were less effective than with sphingomyelin-containing liposomes in decreasing or abolishing C-dependent lysis of target-liposomes. Phosphoryl choline chloride inhibited the C-dependent lysis mediated by these antibodies, but only when used in high molar excess and in the presence of low antibody concentrations. Purified anti-liposome antibodies displayed an isoelectric focusing pattern consistent with a polyclonal response. The findings confirm the antibody nature of the anti-liposome activity of rabbit sera and indicate that their predominant specificity is directed against conformations of the phospholipid molecule in which the polar (phosphoryl choline) group does not have a major contribution. PMID- 6787119 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to two determinants of melanoma-antigen p97 act synergistically in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. AB - Microcytotoxicity tests were used to study complement-dependent cytotoxicity of 2 monoclonal IgG2a antibodies, 96.5 and 118.1, both alone and in combination. These antibodies are specific for 2 antigenic determinants, p97a and p97b, respectively, of p97, a cell-surface glycoprotein present on most human melanomas and, in smaller amounts, on other tumors and normal tissues. For 10 of 12 melanoma lines, complement-dependent cytotoxicity was much greater in the presence of both antibodies than with either antibody alone. Synergism was not observed when the antibodies were tested in combination with an IgG2a antibody to a different cell-surface glycoprotein, nor was it detected in tests of 4 non melanoma cell lines. PMID- 6787121 TI - Correlation of the biologic responses of C3H/HEJ mice to endotoxin with the chemical and structural properties of the lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. AB - The basis of the biologic responses of C3H/HeJ mice to endotoxin administration in relation to the structural linkages in the lipid A portion of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were investigated. P. aeruginosa LPS was found to be immunogenic, mitogenic, and toxic, but not lethal, in C3H/HeJ mice. The observed mitogenicity in spleen cells was directed toward immunoglobulin- (Ig) bearing cells, was present in response to isolated and solubilized lipid A, and was inhibitable by polymixin B. The P. aeruginosa LPS was chemically analyzed in order to define its composition and exclude the presence of contaminating proteins being responsible for the biologic responses of C3H/HeJ mice that were observed. Structural analysis of the linkages of the fatty acids to the glucosamine backbone in the lipid A of P. aeruginosa and E. coli revealed similarities in terms of the ratio of hydroxy fatty acids to straight chain fatty acids and the way in which these 2 types of fatty acids were linked to the backbone. Differences were seen in the carbon chain length of the fatty acid substituents, and the substituent on the hydroxy fatty acid that is directly ester linked to the glucosamine backbone. These data indicate that the refractivity of C3H/HeJ mice to the biologic effects after the administration of Gram-negative endotoxins may be limited to enterobacterial LPS. Those differences we found in the chain length and/or linkages of the fatty acid substituents in the lipid A portion of the LPS between P. aeruginosa and E. coli may be sufficient to render C3H/HeJ mice responsive to the biologic effects of nonenterobacterial endotoxins. PMID- 6787122 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy chains from anti-inulin myeloma proteins: evidence for a new heavy chain joining segment. AB - Immunoglobulin heavy chains have been shown to be encoded by at least 3 widely separated genetic elements, designated variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J), which undergo rearrangement during somatic differentiation to produce the active gene form. The D segment codes for a portion of the 3rd hypervariable region and thus potentially contributes significantly to structural diversity in this portion of the molecule. Heavy chains from anti-inulin proteins are unusual in that they essentially lack a 3rd hypervariable region. Thus, if a D segment exists in these proteins, it is extremely short, possibly 1 to 2 amino acids, and more likely serves a framework function rather than introduces structural diversity in the 3rd hypervariable region. We have completed the heavy chain variable region amino acid sequence from proteins AMPC1 and T957 bringing to 6 the number of complete sequences from this group. All of these proteins lack a 3rd hypervariable region. In addition, substitutions are found within the J segments of AMPC1 and T957, which are unlikely to be generated by the recombination event. The occurrence of Pro at position 105 in both of these J segments in contrast to the Gln found in all other heavy chains using this J segment suggests the possible existence of a previously unidentified J segment gene. PMID- 6787123 TI - Antigenic changes produced by complex formation between thrombin and antithrombin III. AB - Immunization of goats and mules with human thrombin resulted in an antiserum that reacted only weakly with the parent molecule, prothrombin. Some of the antibodies in this antiserum showed a greater affinity for thrombin complexed to its naturally occurring inhibitor, antithrombin-III, than for active thrombin. An antiserum against the human thrombin inhibitor, antithrombin-III, produced 2 precipitin lines against human serum but only 1 against plasma. The 2nd line in serum was shown to represent precipitation of a complex of thrombin with antithrombin-III. The neoantigens appearing in antithrombin-III after complex formation were also present in complexes prepared with purified clotting factor Xa and antithrombin-III. Since purified host (mule) thrombin was also capable of causing formation of the neoantigenic sites when complexed to human antithrombin III, it seems likely that these determinants result from interaction in the host between the immunogens (either human thrombin or antithrombin) and the appropriate interacting host protein (mule antithrombin-III or thrombin, respectively). Studies by radioimmunoassay showed that the antibodies formed are not completely specific for the neoantigens since they also react to a lesser extent with the free proteins. PMID- 6787124 TI - T lymphocyte characteristics in bone marrow-transplanted patients. II. Analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - The relative distribution of T cell subsets, as defined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT, was analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 8 children after bone marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia. The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes binding OKT3 (directed against a common T cell surface antigen and defining most peripheral T cells) reached normal values shortly after transplantation. In 5 patients, lymphocytes binding OKT8 (directed against an antigen present on the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subset) were found in high proportion, and lymphocytes binding OKT4 (detecting an antigen present on inducer/helper T cells) in low percentage. This resulted in an inverted ratio OKT4/OKT8 compared with that of lymphocytes from normal individuals. In all patients the lymphocytes bound abnormally high amounts of OKT10 (directed against an antigen present on all thymocytes but not on mature peripheral T cells). In the course of time, a trend towards normalization was observed for all parameters investigated; however, the kinetics of the recovery showed a marked heterogeneity. From the analysis of this phenomenon, it is likely that, among other conditions yet unknown, a minimum of 20% of OKT4-positive lymphocytes is required for a normal proliferative response to T cell mitogens in vitro. No other correlation was found between any lymphocyte phenotype, as defined by the OKT antibodies, and proliferative response in vitro. Furthermore, lymphocytes from the patient with chronic graft-vs-host disease (greater than 50% OKT8 positive) failed to suppress the proliferative response to mitogens and antigens of the lymphocytes of the histo-identical bone marrow donor. PMID- 6787125 TI - Correspondence between lectin-defined and surface antigen-defined cell subpopulations in the human thymus: its variation during ontogeny. AB - In the thymus of children, congruent to 50% of cells are recognized both by peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin (PNA+, SBA+), congruent to 23% of cells are PNA-, SBA-, and 23% are PNA-, SBA+. This pattern of recognition was compared with the reactivity of these cells with monoclonal antibodies recognizing T cell differentiation antigens A 50 and a series (T3, T6, T8) that defines 3 discrete stages of T cell differentiation. Most PNA+, SBA+ display T6 and T8 but not T3 antigens; most PNA-, SBA+ display T3+ and A 50+ but not T6; and T3-, T6-, A 50- cells are PNA-, SBA-. Thus, there is a close correspondence between PNA+, SBA+ cells and the common (cortical) T3-, T6+ thymocytes; between PNA-, SBA+ cells and late (medullary) T3+, T6- thymocytes; and between PNA-, SBA- cells and early thymocytes. During ontogeny, although there are fewer PNA+ cells in the thymus, the proportion of T3+ cells, T6+ cells, and T3-, T6- cells showed no major modification as early as 16 wk. PMID- 6787126 TI - Alternative complement pathway-dependent ingestion of fluolite particles by human granulocytes. AB - Fluorescent particles (Fluolite) with an average size of 0.1 micrometers were ingested by human granulocytes after incubation in fresh normal human serum (NHS). Ingestion was assessed by visual counting in a fluorescent microscope of cells containing particles. Ingestion required fresh normal serum and did not occur when serum was heated for 30 min at 50 degrees C or in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). It did not occur in serum genetically deficient in C3b inactivator or in C3. Phagocytic activity was restored to C3 deficient serum by purified human C3 and to heat inactivated serum by purified factor B. Opsonic activity was present in NHS containing 5 mM Mg++ and 10 mM ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid (EGTA) and in human serum genetically deficient in human C components C2 and C5. Agammaglobulinemic sera had normal opsonic activity. Opsonization of particles in this system is mediated through the alternative pathway of C activation, and its measurement serves as a simple quantitative functional assay for this system. PMID- 6787127 TI - The molecular mechanism of cryoprecipitation and cold agglutination of an IgM lambda Waldenstrom macroglobulin with anti-Gd specificity: sedimentation analysis and localization of interacting sites. AB - The physicochemical properties and immunologic specificity of an IgM lambda cryoglobulin with cold agglutinin activity (designated MAT) were investigated. Discrete binding sites involved in cryoprecipitation were shown to exist on the reductive 7S subunits and tryptic Fab mu and Fc mu 5 fragments derived from MAT. Analytical ultracentrifugation indicated the nonprecipitating MAT subunits self associated into rapidly sedimenting paucidisperse boundaries of 32S, 25S, and 8.7S at 13 degrees C, which were converted to a monodisperse 5.7S boundary at 35 degrees C. Furthermore, MAT Fab mu and Fc mu 5 fragments exhibited association with each other at 13 degrees C but not at 35 degrees C when studied by analytical ultracentrifugation. The cold agglutinin activity of MAT can be inhibited by sialyllactose or treatment of erythrocytes with neuraminidase but not papain. Therefore, the membrane determinants of human erythrocytes are Gd (glycolipid-dependent or protease-resistant glycoproteins) with terminal sialic acid. Treatment of MAT with neuraminidase abolished its precipitating properties, but had no effect on its ability to agglutinate untreated erythrocytes. The cryoprecipitation and cold agglutination phenomena exhibited by MAT therefore seem to involve identical or cross-reacting carbohydrate antigens with terminal sialic acid residues. PMID- 6787128 TI - Immunologic consequences of antibiotic-induced abridgement of bacterial infection: effect on generation and loss of protective T cells and level of immunologic memory. AB - Ampicillin was employed in mice to determine the effect of rapidly abridging bacterial infection on the generation of T cell-mediated antibacterial immunity. It was found that antibiotic-induced abridgement of infection with Listeria monocytogenes had a pronounced effect on the generation of splenic T cells capable of adoptively immunizing normal recipients against a Listeria challenge infection. Ampicillin given at the time of maximum bacterial growth at 24 hr caused a striking reduction in the number of protective T cells produced at the time of peak response on day 6. Although the greatest effect was caused by giving ampicillin early in infection, a significant reduction in peak T cell production occurred even when Ampicillin was given as late as day 5. On the other hand, the effect of abridging infection at the onset of decay of the anti-Listeria response was to cause protective T cells to be lost from the spleen at a much faster rate. These results clearly show that regardless of any immunoregulatory mechanism involved, the duration of generation, and the onset and duration of decay of the anti-Listeria response are determined by the number of replicating Listeria in the tissues. Moreover, Ampicillin-induced abridgement of infection, either before or at the time of peak primary response, resulted in the expression of greatly reduced levels of immunologic memory at a later time. This indicates that memory cells are generated throughout the entire course of the primary anti-Listeria response, including the period of its decay. PMID- 6787129 TI - Characterization of a monoclonal antibody (5E9) that defines a human cell surface antigen of cell activation. AB - This study describes the monoclonal antibody 5E9 and the cell surface antigen it defines. The hybridoma cell line T3-5E9 was derived from fusion of P3 X 63/Ag8 myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with HSB-2 cells, a human T cell line. Although binding to only 1 to 5% of peripheral blood (PB) and spleen mononuclear cells, 5E9 antibody bound to 40 to 80% of Con A-, PHA-, or PWM activated PB cells. Moreover, 5E9 antibody bound to variable numbers of Sezary, acute myelogenous leukemia, and ALL PB leukemia cells. 5E9 antibody bound to all hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cell lines tested, to 11 +/- 1% of thymocytes, and 40% of nucleated bone marrow cells. Under reducing conditions, immunoprecipitation studies using 5E9 antibody demonstrated 5E9 antigen to be an 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Under nonreducing conditions, antigen 5E9 is a disulfide-linked dimer of approximately 190,000 daltons. Sequential precipitation experiments using antibody 5E9, alpha OD heteroantiserum (raised against T ALL cells), and monoclonal antibody OKT9 demonstrated that the 3 antibody preparations recognized the same 90,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Thus, antibody 5E9 defines an 90,000 m.w. human cell surface antigen that is absent on the majority of PB mononuclear cells and is expressed on rapidly dividing normal and malignant human cells. This monoclonal antibody should be a useful marker of human cell activation. PMID- 6787130 TI - Theileria parva parasites transform a subpopulation of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6787131 TI - Specific reversal of cytolytic T cell-target cell functional binding is induced by free target cells. AB - Reversal of specific cell-cell adhesions between allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and 51Cr-labeled target cells has been studied by using a functional assay for specific target cell binding. Functional adhesions between CTL and a tumor cell target, the P815 mastocytoma, were stable in suspension for greater than 5 hr. Addition of unlabeled target cells, however, resulted in rapid reversal of functional binding. This reversal appeared to be specific in that no reversal was induced by tumor cells of other H-2 types. Functional reversal of conjugates between CTL and labeled spleen cells syngeneic with P815 also occurred in the presence of unlabeled P815 cells or normal spleen cells of the appropriate H-2 type. The reversal by P815 was substantially more efficient than by normal spleen cells. Furthermore, normal spleen cells of the appropriate H-2 type did not induce reversal of CTL-P815 target conjugates. Purified plasma membranes from P815 cells did not specifically reverse functional binding of CTL to either P815 or normal spleen cell targets. These results demonstrate that functional CTL target cell binding can be specifically reversed by interaction with free target cells. The rate of reversal appears to be dependent on the relative affinity of the CTL for the bound versus the free target cell. CTL may provide a useful system for studying reversal of specific cell-cell adhesions. PMID- 6787132 TI - Activation of murine macrophages. I. Different pattern of activation by poly I:C than by lymphokine or LPS. AB - The ability of poly I:C to activate mouse macrophages (M phi) to become tumoricidal was evaluated and compared with the ability of 2 other agents, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and M phi-activating factor (MAF), to induce a tumoricidal state. All these agents were able to stimulate proteose-peptone elicited M phi to kill RL male 1 tumor cells in an 18-hr 51Cr release cytotoxicity assay. High levels of cytotoxicity were obtained with concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml of LPS or poly I:C and with 1/81 dilution of MAF. However, in the presence of reagents shown to contain less than 0.01 ng/ml of LPS by the LAL assay (LPS free), we found that poly I:C induced strong reactivity, whereas MAF was ineffective. The addition of 10 ng/ml of LPS during the stimulation period did not enhance the cytotoxicity induced by poly I:C, but it did restore MAF-induced, M phi-mediated cytotoxicity. In addition, poly I:C induced strong tumoricidal activity in resident M phi and in peritoneal exudate cells from the genetically defective C3H/HeJ mice that normally do not respond to LPS and MAF treatment. Therefore, it seems that although LPS is required as a second signal for MAF-induced cytotoxicity, such a second signal is not required for poly I:C-induced cytotoxicity. From the above results, it appears that poly I:C is a more powerful activating agent than LPS and MAF and either activates M phi via a different pathway or is effective on subpopulations of M phi that are not activated by the other agents. PMID- 6787133 TI - Synergy between IgG and monoclonal IgM antibodies in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity. AB - Hybridoma-derived mouse monoclonal IgM anti-ox erythrocyte (ORBC) antibodies, which differed in their ability to exhibit complement-mediated cytotoxicity, direct agglutination and sensitization of indicator cells for detection of receptors for IgM on erythrocytes, failed to mediate antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) by human K cells. Polyclonal rabbit IgM anti-ORBC antibodies were also incapable of mediating ADCC. However, one of the IgM monoclonal antibodies studied (clone 100) was highly efficient in synergizing with IgG in ADCC, especially when the E rosette-forming enriched fraction was used as a source of effector cells. This synergy was greater after overnight incubation of the lymphocytes and was partially blocked by human IgM. Since all the monoclonal antibodies studied bound efficiently to target ORBC as determined by the additional binding of 125I-labeled anti-k antibodies, the synergy did not appear to be due to a quantitative difference in the binding capacity of the antibodies. That the synergistic effect of purified clone 100 IgM was not due to heterophile IgG antibody was indicated by its sensitivity to reduction and lack of binding to a protein A column. The data are discussed in terms of the possible in vivo relevance of IgG-IgM synergy to immune protection, especially during the development of a primary antibody response when limiting amounts of specific IgG antibodies could be made more effective with the more abundant IgM antibodies. PMID- 6787134 TI - Dialyzable serum components can support the growth of hybridoma cell lines in vitro. AB - Conditions are defined for the in vitro growth of antibody producing hybrid myeloma cell lines in an immediate environment free of non-dialyzable serum components. Continuous access to low molecular weight serum growth factors was critical to the maintenance of cell viability and antibody production. This requirement was met by use of two-chambered Marbrook vessels, whose geometry allows a small chamber containing metabolically active cells to communicate through a dialysis membrane with a large adjacent reservoir filled with serum supplemented medium. This tissue culture technique permits the rapid isolation of proteins secreted by cells in vitro, and should permit the further definition of minimal nutritional requirements for the growth of differentiated cells in vitro. PMID- 6787135 TI - Toward a system for detecting somatic-cell mutations. V. Preparation of fluorescent antibodies to hemoglobin hasharon, a human alpha-chain variant. AB - Antibodies against the abnormal human hemoglobin, Hb Hasharon (alpha 47 Asp leads to His), were raised in horse and purified by absorption against Sepharose 4B to which normal hemoglobins or Hb Hasharon were bound. The purified, non precipitating antibodies were tested for specificity against normal hemoglobins and Hb Hasharon by immunodiffusion in the presence of anti-horse IgG, and by exposing mixtures of normal and Hb Hasharon-containing red cells to the antibodies after conjugation of the latter with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The ease with which antibodies specific for different variant hemoglobins have been prepared, and their potential for identifying individual erythrocytes that contain these hemoglobins by virtue of somatic mutation, underscore their value as aids to detection and analysis of mutational events in human subjects. PMID- 6787136 TI - An improved method for the isolation of the major protein of the gonococcal outer membrane in an antigenically reactive form. AB - The major outer membrane protein (protein I) has been isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P9 in an immunologically reactive form. Membranes were sequentially extracted with the detergents sodium cholate and Empigen BB. Protein I was enriched in the Empigen-soluble fraction and was separated from other proteins and lipopolysaccharide by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G 200. The purified protein retained its antigenic activity with antiserum raised against the unfractionated outer membrane complex. PMID- 6787137 TI - Use of two Ryle's tubes in postoperative management. PMID- 6787138 TI - Intestinal disaccharide intolerance in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6787139 TI - Establishment and characterization of permanent murine hybridomas secreting monoclonal anti-thy-1 antibodies. AB - hybridomas secreting anti-Thy-1 antibodies were produced by fusing cells of the mouse myeloma line P3-NSI/1-Ag4-1 (NS-1) with spleen cells from AKR/J mice immunized with C3H/Di thymus cells and by subsequent growth in tissue culture and selection of the hybrid cells. Two permanent hybridomas, 1B5 and 1aG4/C5, secreting antibodies of IgG3 subclass were isolated by repeated cloning of cells by dilution and in soft agar. Growth of the hybrid cell colonies depended on the presence of feeder cells; spleen cells at 1-2 x 10(6)/ml were most effective, then thymus cells at 1-4 x 10(6)/ml and peritoneal cells at a concentration 1-2 orders of magnitude lower. The two hybridomas were grown in vitro or vivo and their products were further analysed. In tissue culture in serum-free medium under the optimum conditions the supernatant from hybridoma 1B5 contained 0.07 mg/ml of antibodies and that from hybridoma IaG4/C5 had 0.26 mg/ml of antibodies, whereas ascites 1B5 contained 3.6 mg/ml and ascites 1aG4/C5 4.4 mg/ml of antibodies. A very low electrophoretic mobility of both antibodies facilitated their isolation. The specificity of the antibodies was tested in the cytotoxicity assay in the presence of complement and by the binding of isotopically labelled antibodies to thymus cells from A/Ph mice and other Thy-1.2+ strains and A.Thy 1.1 and AKR/J mie. Antibodies of clone 1aG4/C5 were specific for Thy-1.2+ cells, whereas antibodies of clone 1B5 at higher concentrations also reacted with Thy 1.1+ cells from the thymus and lymph nodes. Both antibodies killed more than 95% thymus cells and 60-70% lymph node cells in the cytotoxicity assay. The specificity of antibodies for T lymphocytes was confirmed in the functional test in which the antibodies eliminated the response of spleen cells to Concanavalin A but did not affect the response to lipopolysaccharide in the presence of complement. PMID- 6787140 TI - Clinical and immunologic responses of silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) to experimental reinfection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. AB - Silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus) that had recovered from active Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infections 14 months previously became rickettsemic when inoculated with homologous, related, or unrelated strains of R. tsutsugamushi. In contrast to the results after the initial infection that produced disease, no signs were observed after the subsequent infections. Most animals responded with detectable titers of antibody to the Karp antigen regardless of the inoculated strains. Strains recovered during rickettsemia usually had antigens related only to the challenge strains, but in three silvered leaf monkeys, antigens characteristic of both the original and the challenge strains were detected. PMID- 6787141 TI - Hematogenous candida endophthalmitis in patients receiving parenteral hyperalimentation fluids. AB - To determine the incidence of hematogenous candida endophthalmitis in seriously ill patients given parenteral hyperalimentation fluids, 131 hyperalimented postoperative patients were prospectively evaluated. All patients were screened weekly for the development of chorioretinal lesions, blood cultures positive for Candida albicans, and signs and symptoms of candida infection. Thirteen (9.9%) of 131 patients developed chorioretinal lesions compatible with hematogenous candida endophthalmitis. Seven of the 13 patients with eye lesions had blood cultures positive for yeast, whereas only two of 118 without eye lesions had blood cultures positive for yeast (P less than 0.0005). Thus, the occurrence of eye lesions consistent with hematogenous candida endophthalmitis correlated with positive blood cultures for yeast and strongly suggested invasive candidiasis. PMID- 6787142 TI - Influence of the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on protection induced by bacille Calmette-Guerin in guinea pigs. AB - The protective efficacy of two bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccines was examined in guinea pigs infected by the respiratory route with strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis differing in virulence. Virulence was defined as the degree of tissue damage (weight) of primary lesions excised from lungs of unvaccinated guinea pigs killed 28-42 days after infection. Groups of animals vaccinated with BCG-Copenhagen (strain no. 1331), a vaccine of high potency, or those vaccinated with BCG-Prague (strain no. 725), an experimental vaccine of low potency, and groups given placebo were challenged six weeks later with one of three challenge strains differing in virulence. Protection was assessed from the difference in the number of tubercle bacilli recovered from excised primary lung lesions or from primary lesion-free lung lobes of vaccinated vs. unvaccinated animals. The virulence of the challenge strain influenced the efficacy of BCG vaccination; however, the results of other studies with a laboratory strain were in general replicated. PMID- 6787143 TI - Influence of vaccination-challenge interval on the protective efficacy of bacille Calmette-Guerin against low-virulence Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The influence of vaccination-infection interval on protection induced by bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was studied in an animal model of experimental airborne tuberculosis. Guinea pigs were simultaneously skin-tested with mammalian tuberculin and intracellularin and vaccinated with BCG-Copenhagen (strain no. 1331). At weekly intervals thereafter, groups of animals were infected by the respiratory route with about five viable units of a recently isolated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis of low virulence. The animals were necropsied six weeks after challenge, and tubercle bacilli recovered from primary lung lesions, primary lesion-free lung lobes, and spleens were counted. Protection was defined as a significant reduction in the number of bacilli recovered from the tissues of vaccinated as compared with unvaccinated animals. The data obtained for two of the three tissues indicated that BCG-Copenhagen induced a significant level of protection against this low-virulence of M. tuberculosis. PMID- 6787144 TI - [Studies on the detection method of microbial contamination and its estimation in the bioclean room (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787145 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological aspects of Serratia septicemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787146 TI - [Reliability of dip-slide method in the diagnosis of low grade bacteriuria -with special regards to the usefulness in assessment of drug efficacy for urinary tract infections- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787147 TI - [Fundamental studies on experimentally produced lung abscess in rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787148 TI - [Pseudomembranous colitis due to Clostridium difficile and the new therapeutic approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787149 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of the onset of menstruation (author's transl)]. AB - It has recently been demonstrated that prostaglandins (PGs) play roles in human reproduction, especially in ovulation and menstruation. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of the action of PGs upon the onset of menstruation. By measuring the concentration of PGs in human endometrium from the women with normal menstrual cycles, PGF2 alpha was present in large amounts in late luteal phase. The activity of PG-synthetase and phospholipase A, which are key enzymes of PG-biosynthesis, also increased in late luteal phase. PG-receptor which is thought to be important to biological action of PGs showed no remarkable change throughout human menstrual cycle. These studies clarify the possibility that there is apparent correlation between the onset of menstruation and PGs. PMID- 6787150 TI - [An endocrinological study of hyperprolactinemia and its treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-six cases of women with pituitary adenoma and seven cases of women with functional hyperprolactinemia were studied to evaluate the effects of neurosurgery and Bromocriptine treatment. In the patients with pituitary adenoma, the mean serum PRL level was significantly higher than that in the functional cases. Among the patients with pituitary adenoma, the serum PRL levels were roughly correlated to the size of the tumors. Basal serum LH, FSH and 17 beta estradiol levels were lower in the patients with pituitary macroadenoma than in those with microadenoma. Neurosurgery was performed on fourteen patients of pituitary adenoma. Of ten cases with visual disturbance, it was necessary to use Bromocriptine to reduce the serum PRL to the normal level after operation. In the treatment of sixteen patients with microadenoma, Bromocriptine alone was used for eight of them and surgery was performed on four. As a result, there was a significant lowering of the serum PRL level and induction of regular menses in ten patients. Regular menses were induced by means of Bromocriptine treatment in all of the patients with functional hyperprolactinemia. Our data indicate that neurosurgery, either selective or combined with Bromocriptine, can normalize PRL levels and induce regular menses in patients with hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6787151 TI - [Prolactin secretion during normal pregnancy and puerperium, particularly with regard to nursing (author's transl)]. AB - The present study reveals that the serum prolactin (PRL) levels in early stage of pregnancy exceeded those of the non-pregnant women and rose gradually throughout pregnancy. Within a few days after delivery, PRL declined from maximum values at the end of pregnancy. In non-lactating women serum PRL returned to non-pregnant levels within about one month after delivery, but still remained above non pregnant levels in lactating women. About one month after delivery serum estradiol was higher in non-lactating than lactating. LH and FSH showed no significant differences between non-lactating and lactating, and were similar to the levels of follicular phase. Therefore the role of PRL on puerperal infertility is thought to have no suppressive effect on the tonic secretion of pituitary gonadotropins and PRL may have a direct effect on the ovary. The excessive response of serum PRL to TRH administration (500 micrograms, i.v.) was observed in lactating women on the 5th postpartum day and during the 28-35 day period, but not during the 90-120 day period. Women given TRH 60 min after the onset of suckling on the 5th postpartum day displayed a relative small increase in serum PRL compared with those after 240 min. The response of PRL to TRH was probably affected by suckling. PMID- 6787152 TI - [Possibility of connective tissue reattachment following mucoperiosteal flap surgery with full gingival retention in monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787153 TI - [Effect of pressure on palatal soft tissue: histological study]. PMID- 6787154 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia in a young patient. PMID- 6787155 TI - Ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine as a cause of dysphagia. PMID- 6787156 TI - Metabolism of high density lipoprotein subfractions and constituents in Tangier disease following the infusion of high density lipoproteins. AB - The metabolism of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II, as well as other high density lipoprotein (HDL) constituents, was studied in patients with homozygous familial HDL deficiency (Tangier disease) prior to and after plasma exchange or HDL infusion. Mean plasma apoA-I, apoA-II, and HDL cholesterol values in homozygotes (n = 2) were 2.0 mg/dl, 2.7 mg/dl, and 1.5 mg/dl, respectively, and in a normal control subject were 125.1 mg/dl, 23.0 mg/dl, and 53.0 mg/dl, respectively. Based on radioiodinated apoA-I and apoA-II kinetic studies in the baseline state, synthesis rates for apoA-I and apoA-II in mg/kg/day were 3.81 and 1.61, respectively, in one homozygote (patient B) and 11.82 and 1.99, respectively, in the normal subject. ApoA-I and apoA-II plasma residence times in days were 0.22 and 0.81, respectively, in the homozygote, and 4.04 and 4.44, respectively, in the normal subject. These data indicate that this homozygote had both a moderate decrease in the synthetic rates of apoA-I and apoA-II, as well as a marked decrease in the plasma residence times of these two apolipoproteins. In one homozygote (patient A) following a complete plasma exchange during cardiopulmonary bypass, plasma HDL cholesterol, apoA-I, and apoA-II levels were very similar to pre-exchange values within 64 hr after exchange. A second homozygote (patient B) received HDL intravenously as well as 125I-labeled apoA-I and 131I-labeled apoA-II. Following infusion, the residence time in days for HDL subfractions, HDL2b, HDL2a, and HDL3 were 0.1, 0.8, and 2.7, respectively. HDL protein and phospholipid both had a monoexponential decay, with residence times of 0.7 days, while HDL triglyceride disappeared monoexponentially with a residence time of 0.5 days. HDL cholesterol had a biexponential decay, with the residence time of the slow component being 0.7 days. Plasma and HDL apoA-I decayed down to baseline values significantly faster than did plasma and HDL apoA II. ApoA-II specific radioactivity decreased throughout the course of the infusion study in both plasma and HDL, while apoA-I specific radioactivity decreased slightly, then rose, and subsequently declined in both plasma and HDL. The data indicate that the rapid and altered catabolism of apoA-I and apoA-II in Tangier homozygotes persists despite major increases in the plasma pool size of these proteins. In addition, following HDL infusion, HDL2b and HDL2a disappeared at a faster rate than HDL3, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were catabolized at a faster rate than HDL protein and phospholipid, and apoA-I disappeared more rapidly than apoA-II. These observations may have important implications with regard to the catabolism of HDL subfractions and constituents in normal man. PMID- 6787157 TI - Dissociation of bile flow and biliary lipid secretion from biliary lysosomal enzyme output in experimental cholestasis. AB - Although the cellular mechanisms controlling bile flow and biliary lipid secretion are unclear, morphologic data suggest that intracellular vesicles may be involved. Therefore, to investigate the role of hepatocyte lysosomes in bile flow and biliary lipid secretion, we studied the effect of cholestasis on biliary lipid output and on lysosomal enzyme activities and total protein concentration in liver and bile. Castrated male rats were treated with ethinyl estradiol at 0.5 or 5 mg/kg per day for 5 days; bile was collected through a complete bile fistula hourly for 4 hours, and then liver homogenates were prepared. Bile acids, cholesterol, and phospholipid were measured in bile, and three lysosomal glycosidases (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase) and total protein were measured in bile and liver. Ethinyl estradiol inhibited bile flow in a dose-dependent fashion; it also inhibited bile acid and phospholipid outputs. In contrast, a marked and parallel increase in the biliary outputs of all three lysosomal hydrolases was observed after high-dose ethinyl estradiol; no change in the biliary concentration of total protein was found. Our data suggest that bile flow and biliary lipid secretion involve cellular mechanisms other than vesicular transport by lysosomes. PMID- 6787158 TI - Rat plasma lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in experimental hypothyroidism. AB - Hyperlipidemia associated with hypothyroidism is well documented in man and several animal species. The effect of hypothyroidism on apolipoprotein metabolism in the absence of complicating factors such as high cholesterol or fat content in the diet is virtually unknown. Hypothyroidism was therefore induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by radiothyroidectomy (RTx-treated) or treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU-treated). Both treatments resulted in an over 90% decrease in circulating thyroid hormone concentrations accompanied by a 50-100% increase in plasma cholesterol and a 20-40% reduction in plasma triglyceride concentrations. Plasma apo E and apo B concentrations increased by 100% in the PTU-treated group and 40-50% in the RTx-group. Apo A-I increased 10 and 30% in the RTx- and PTU-treated rats, respectively, while the concentration of apo A-IV was not altered. A large increase in the low-density (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) protein was observed and accompanied by a marked reduction of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in the hypothyroid rats. The electrophoretic pattern of plasma lipoproteins in the hypothyroid rats was changed by the appearance of a slow pre-beta band shown to be beta-VLDL. A redistribution of apo B occurred within the lipoprotein fractions. Apo B content in the VLDL fraction decreased and a large increase was noted in LDL. The major portion of the apo E and apo A-I increment was recovered in the HDL and to a lesser degree in LDL. An accumulation of apo E-rich larger HDL particles, resembling HDLc in apolipoprotein composition and distinct from the apo A-I-containing species, was observed by column chromatography. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that hypothyroidism in the rat may induce an accelerated production of VLDL catabolic remnants, including LDL, but at the same time reduce the rate of removal of these lipoproteins from the circulation. PMID- 6787159 TI - A density gradient ultracentrifugal procedure for the isolation of the major lipoprotein classes from human serum. AB - A density gradient ultracentrifugal procedure is described for the rapid and reproducible isolation of the major lipoprotein classes, VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3, from human serum. A step gradient is constructed from four NaCl/KBr solutions varying in density from 1.006 to 1.24 g/ml and from 3 ml of serum adjusted to d 1.21 g/ml. Separation is achieved after a single ultracentrifugation for some 56 x 10(7) gavg min at 15 degrees C in a swinging bucket rotor, at which time the lipoproteins band isopycnically and albumin and other serum proteins are sedimented. Densitometric scanning of gradients revealed a lipoprotein mass profile distinguished by four absorption maxima which fell within the hydrated density ranges of VLDL (d less than 1.016 g/ml), LDL (1.028 1.050 g/ml), HDL2 (1.066-1.100 g/ml), and HDL3 (1.100-1.153 g/ml). Fractionation of gradients on the basis of band distribution, followed by chemical, physical, and immunological analyses of the four principal fractions (i.e., bands) provided data on their electrophoretic mobility, chemical composition, morphology and size distribution, immunological reactivity and apolipoprotein content, thereby confirming their identities as VLDL, LDL, HDL2, and HDL3. The validity of this separation was supported by the quantitative distribution of apo B and apo A-I as assessed by radial immunodiffusion. Lipoprotein quantitation based on chemical analysis of gradient fractions was compared with that by analytical ultracentrifugation for a group of normolipidemic males; results concorded well, giving a similar HDL2:HDL3 ratio (0.35-0.36). Our procedure thus provides a simple and precise manner in which to assess the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profile of human serum quantitatively and qualitatively. PMID- 6787160 TI - [Long term follow up of patients with intermittent claudication and correlated with the management of risk factors (author's transl)]. AB - The follow-up (3 to 20 years, mean = 8,9 yrs) of 145 patients with intermittent claudication showed the high incidence of tobacco use (86%) hyperlipidemia (43%) elevated blood pressure (45%) and glucose intolerance (30%), two or more of these factors were present in 66% of cases. A statistically significant higher rate of fairly reduced risk factors was noted in 57 patients improved functionally (based on the maximal walking distance on treadmill and arm/ankle systolic pressure ratio) versus 45 functionally impaired patients, and in 55 patients free of CHD, compared with 54 patients with coronary events (p 0.001). A group of 26 patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency exhibited a higher incidence of non reduced hypertensive cases. PMID- 6787161 TI - Relation between thickness and interference colors of biological ultrathin section. PMID- 6787162 TI - Delay of the selective surge of follicle-stimulating hormone by bovine follicular fluid during the period of ovulation induced by human chorionic gonadotrophin in dioestrous rats. AB - When bovine follicular fluid (BFF) was given i.p. three times at intervals of 3 h from 17.00 to 23.00 h to dioestrous rats pretreated with 10 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) at 17.00 h on the day of dioestrus (day 0), the selective surge of FSH at 02.00 h on day 1 was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Three i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF completely suppressed the FSH rise in plasma at 02.00 h on day 1, but the time of premature ovulation induced by HCG was not altered. In these animals treated with HCG and BFF, however, the selective surge of FSH occurred as a delayed surge from 05.00 to 23.00 h on day 1. After seven i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF (from 17.00 h on day 0 to 11.00 h on day 1) the delayed surge of FSH took place from 17.00 h on day 1 to 11.00 h on day 2, indicating that waning of BFF with a decrease in inhibin secretion by the ovaries may be responsible for the delay of the FSH surge. The next spontaneous ovulation in rats treated with HCG and BFF occurred on day 5, a delay of ovulation of 1 day compared with animals given HCG on day 0 with no BFF. Initiation of follicular maturation or selection of growing follicles for the succeeding oestrous cycle appeared to be retarded by the delay of the FSH surge in HCG- and BFF-treated animals. The pituitary content of FSH in animals given HCG and three i.p. injections of 0.5 ml BFF increased strikingly until 11.00 h on day 1, when the delayed FSH surge was already in progress. These results suggest that the ability of the pituitary gland to synthesize FSH is high during the period of ovulation. PMID- 6787163 TI - Rhythmic electrical activity in rabbit aorta induced by EGTA. PMID- 6787164 TI - A monoclonal antibody that recognizes B cells and B cell precursors in mice. AB - The monoclonal antibody, RA3-2C2, appears to be specific for cells within the B cell lineage. This antibody does not recognize thymocytes, peripheral T cells, or nonlymphoid hematopoietic cells in the spleen or bone marrow. Nor does it recognize the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, the spleen colony-forming unit, All sIg+ B cells and most plasma cells are RA3-2C2+. In addition, approximately 20% of nucleated bone marrow cells are RA3-2C2+ but sIg-. This population contains B cell precursors that can give rise to sIg+ cells within 2 d in vitro. PMID- 6787165 TI - Anti-phosphocholine hybridoma antibodies. I. Direct evidence for three distinct families of antibodies in the murine response. AB - Biochemical and serological studies were performed on more than 400 anti- phosphocholine (PC) hybridoma proteins (HP) derived from six strains of mice; 26 of these HP were examined in detail. All HP possessed specificity for PC, and all those tested contained an H-chain idiotypic determinant, V(H)-PC, which is shared by PC-binding myeloma proteins (BMP) and anti-PC antibodies. Among the HP, three well-defined and distinct families that correlated well with previous studies on serum anti-PC antibodies were identified. The largest group shared idotypic determinants, an L-chain isoelectric focusing (IEF) pattern, and a binding site specificity with the PC-BMP, T15. Using the same criteria, a second group was found to be strikingly similar to another PC-BMP, M603. The third group possessed an idiotypic determinant and an L-chain IEF profile similar to M511, but differences in binding site specificities were observed among the HP. The latter two groups contained members whose L-chain IEF profiles were not identical to other members of that group. Thus, among strains there is a remarkable degree of conservation among responding anti-PC antibodies, in both the kinds of anti-PC families that exist and the immunochemical and structural characteristics of various members within a family. Differences in at least one parameter were observed in each family, demonstrating that even a relatively restricted response is heterogeneous. However, this diversity seems to operate within certain constraints. PMID- 6787166 TI - IgE antibody and resistance to infection. I. Selective suppression of the IgE antibody response in rats diminishes the resistance and the eosinophil response to Trichinella spiralis infection. AB - Selective suppression of the total IgE antibody response has been achieved in rats by injection of rabbit anti-rat epsilon-chain antibodies. This IgE-specific suppression was maintained during the course of a natural infection by the nematode Trichinella spiralis. Depletion of the IgE antibody response resulted in a marked reduction of the number of eosinophils attracted to the T. spiralis larvae encysted in striated muscle. Blood eosinophilia following T. spiralis infection, although reaching normal peak levels, was abbreviated in IgE suppressed animals. Moreover, IgE-depleted animals were more susceptible to the infection; they harbored two to three times more larvae encysted in their muscles than their control litter mates. PMID- 6787167 TI - Ir gene function in an I-A subregion mutant B6.C-H-2bm12. AB - The B6.C-H2bm12 (bm 12) strain has a mutation in the I-A subregion of the murine H-2 complex and is characterized by a loss of serologically detected Ia antigens and a strong graft rejection and mixed lymphocyte response between parent and mutant. It was presumed that the mutation affected the Ia-1 gene and to determine the relationship of Ia antigens and Ir genes, the immune responses of mutant and parent were compared. The immune responses to poly(L-Tyr,LGlu)-poly(DLAla)- poly(LLys), poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys), and poly(His,Glu)-poly(DLAla)- poly(LLys) in parent and mutant were same, indicating the Ia-1 and the Ir genes for these antigens are not identical. By contrast, although C57BL/6 gave a good response, the mutant strain was unable to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes to the male-specific H-Y antigen--a response under I-A subregion Ir gene control, which now must be considered to be the Ia-1 gene. In addition, complementary Ir genes in the H-2b haplotype for the H-Y immune response could be detected when the bm12 mutant was used. PMID- 6787168 TI - Effect of interleukin 1 on human thymocytes and purified human T cells. AB - Human Interleukin 1 (IL-1) purified by molecular weight fractionation, isoelectric focusing, and gel electrophoresis has been tested on human thymocytes and highly purified human T cells. IL-1 prepared in this manner could not support the long-term growth of T cells yet would augment lectin-stimulated mitogenesis. The IL-1 preparations were shown to possess the lectin-augmenting activity at dilutions containing less than 1 ng of the measurable protein. These data are in agreement with the model that IL-1 stimulates production of IL-2 from lectin stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 6787170 TI - Ultrastructural changes and virus-like particles localized in liver hepatocytes of chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6787169 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis: antigen/antibody systems correlated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - In seven patients post-transfusion hepatitis (PTH) was due to non-A, non-B virus(es) (38.9% of all PTH, while 61.1% were due to hepatitis B virus (HBV). No clinical or biochemical differences were observed in non-A, non-B PTH when compared with PTH due to HBV, while incubation period was very ample, from 15 days to nine months (generally 45 days to two months). An antigen/antibody system was shared by five of our patients (their sera showed precipitin lines when assayed by immunodiffusion with known sources of antigen or antibody), while in one patient an antigen/antibody system was detected when onset serum was assayed with self-recovery serum but not when assayed with known sources of antigen and antibodies, nor with sera of the other five patients. Antigen was detected during the first weeks of illness, antibody at recovery, for both systems. The results suggest that there may be at least two antigen/antibody systems correlated to non A, non-B hepatitis not necessarily linked to incubation period. PMID- 6787171 TI - Chronic L-DOPA treatment of mice: a behavioural and biochemical study. AB - Mice were pretreated once daily with L-DOPA (200 mg/kg) plus benserazide (B) (50 mg/kg) for ten days and challenged with various doses of L-DOPA + B on the first, fourth or sixteenth days of withdrawal. L-DOPA + B-pretreated mice were more sensitive the locomotor stimulant effect of L-DOPA + B challenge one and four days, but not sixteen days after withdrawal. The enhanced response was most marked on the first day of withdrawal. Other mice, pretreated once daily with B (50 mg/kg), responded one day after the tenth dose with a slightly enhanced response to L-DOPA + B challenge compared to the response to vehicle-pretreated animals. Moreover, vehicle-pretreated mice challenged with B alone, were significantly less active than those challenged with vehicle. On the first day of withdrawal, the L-DOPA + B-pretreated animals were supersensitive to locomotor stimulant effects of apomorphine but subsensitive to dexamphetamine (Bailey et al., 1979). On the fourth day of withdrawal, there were no differences in the responses of the L-DOPA + B-pretreated mice compared to the vehicle-pretreated mice, to apomorphine or apomorphine plus clonidine, but L-DOPA + B-pretreated mice were still subsensitive to the locomotor stimulant effects of dexamphetamine. Clonidine produced a dose-dependent, but similar, degree of hypothermia in both pretreatment groups. On the first and fourth days of withdrawal L-DOPA + B-pretreated mice exhibited higher brain levels of dopamine (DA) and DOPA than vehicle-pretreated mice in response to an acute dose of L-DOPA + B. The biochemical results suggest that the enhanced locomotor response to L DOPA + B in L-DOPA + B-pretreated mice is probably dependent on changes in the amount of L-DOPA (and DA) available in the brain. Moreover, it is not ruled out that some of the effects of L-DOPA + B pretreatment were due to the B alone. Some of the enhanced response to L-DOPA + B on the first day of withdrawal may have been dependent on the same mechanism as that underlying the apparent supersensitivity to apomorphine. The subsensitive response to dexamphetamine would appear to be independent of changes in post-synaptic DA and alpha adrenergic receptor sensitivity. PMID- 6787172 TI - Presence of protein I, a phosphoprotein associated with synaptic vesicles, in cerebellar granule cells. AB - The cerebellar levels of Protein I, a synapse-specific neuronal phosphoprotein, have been investigated in the cerebellar mouse mutants stagger (sg), weaver (wv), nervous (nr), and Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd). The Protein I concentration was reduced by about 66% in sg and wv mutants, representing a 90% loss of Protein I per cerebellum. A heterozygote effect was observed in the wv mutant. These results indicate that a great majority of Protein I in the normal cerebellum may be present in the granule cells. In nr mutants the cerebellar Protein I concentration was reduced by only 12% in 62-day-old mice, suggesting that Purkinje cells contribute little to cerebellar Protein I. However, a greater reduction was observed in pcd mutants, which may reflect on the nature of the pcd mutation. PMID- 6787173 TI - Characterization of water-soluble products of palmitic acid beta-oxidation by a rat brain preparation. AB - (1) [1-(14)C]Palmitic acid was oxidized to CO(2) and a water-soluble material by a rat brain preparation. The radioactive CO(2) and water-soluble material were produced in a ratio of 1.0:1.3 when the mitochondrial fraction was used, and 1.0:10 or more with the postnuclear fraction. There was a lag period of 10 min for CO(2) production. These conversions were stimulated by carnitine and inhibited by cyanide. (2) Of the total radioactivity in the water-soluble material obtained with the mitochondrial fraction, 65% after 10 min of incubation and 80% thereafter were associated with amino acids, mostly with aspartate and glutamate. The remaining radioactivity, 35 and 20%, respectively, was associated with organic acids, 60-65% in citrate. The water-soluble material obtained with the postnuclear fraction contained an equal amount of radioactivity in organic and amino acids during the course of the experiment. In the organic acids, succinate was the highest labeled product during 10-40 min of incubation, whereas citrate was the highest labeled at the end of 60 min of incubation. After 60 min, the radioactivity in the amino acids was markedly associated with glutamate, and its radioactivity was 10 times greater with the postnuclear fraction than with the mitochondrial one. (3) An experiment with rat live preparations was also carried out. The liver mitochondrial fraction showed an accumulation of radioactive organic acids within 10 min of incubation, which was followed by a linear production of (14)CO(2). With the liver postnuclear fraction, the radioactivity was found mostly in the organic acids during the course of the experiment. In the liver system, the radioactive amino acids accounted for only 25% or less of the total radioactivity in the water-soluble material. PMID- 6787174 TI - Identification of a mitochondrial phosphoprotein in brain synaptic membrane preparations. AB - A 41,000-dalton phosphoprotein in crude synaptosomal membrane fractions is characterized by its unique divalent and monovalent cation regulation. It is identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as the phosphoprotein whose phosphorylation is enhanced by repetitive electrical stimulation of hippocampal brain slices. After sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation, this phosphoprotein is found in the mitochondrial subfraction. This suggests that the electrically produced changes in the level of phosphorylation of the 41,000-dalton polypeptide are probably effects on cellular energetics rather than on specialized neural membrane function. PMID- 6787175 TI - Specificity of endogenous substrates for types A and B monoamine oxidase in rat striatum. AB - Studies were designed to evaluate specificity of the transmitter amines serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and dopamine (DA), as well as the trace amines p tyramine (p-TA) and beta-phenylethylamine (PEA) for types A and B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in rat striatum. 5-HT was found to be a specific substrate for the type A enzyme. However, the specificity of PEA for the type B enzyme was found to be concentration-dependent. When low concentrations of PEA and 5-HT were used to measure type B and type A activities, respectively, both clorgyline and deprenyl were highly selective for the sensitive form of MAO in vivo. However, as the concentration of PEA was increased, the type B inhibitor deprenyl became less effective in preventing deamination of PEA. Conversely, the type A inhibitor clorgyline became more effective in this regard. Kinetic analysis following selective in vivo inhibition showed PEA deamination by both forms of MAO with a 13-fold greater affinity for the type B enzyme. In vivo dose-response curves obtained with the common substrates DA and p-TA showed approximately 20% deamination by the B enzyme. Kinetic values for DA and p-TA deamination in in vivo-treated tissue possessing only type A or type B MAO activity, revealed a 2.5 fold greater affinity for the type A enzyme. These studies show the importance of concentration on substrate specificity in striatal tissue. The results obtained characterize the common substrate properties of DA and p-TA as well as of PEA in rat striatum. In addition, the presence of regional specificity for 5-HT deamination by only type A MAO is demonstrated. PMID- 6787176 TI - The regional distribution of monoamine oxidase activities towards different substrates: effects in rat brain of chronic administration of manganese chloride and of ageing. AB - The effects of chronic manganese chloride administration (1 mg MnCl2.4H2O/ml of drinking water) and ageing on the regional distribution of monoamine oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) were studied in 2-month- and 24-28-month-old rats. In both the control and Mn-treated rats, the serotonin oxidation (type A) rates decreased in hypothalamus, pons and medulla, striatum, midbrain and cerebral cortex, but not in cerebellum, in ageing. On the other hand the benzylamine oxidation (type B) rates in hypothalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex increased in ageing. In all regions except the cerebellum, there was a uniform decrease in the A/B ratio. This decrease was verified by differential inhibition studies using clorgyline and L-deprenyl, specific type A and type B inhibitors respectively. The dopamine oxidising rates decreased in all regions, except the cerebral cortex and the cerebellum, in ageing control rats. This age-related decrease was not seen in the striatum and midbrain of manganese-treated rats. In these rats the other effect was an age-related increase in the rate of oxidation of all the amines in the cerebellum, not observed in control rats. These selective effects of manganese are only seen when comparing age-related changes in both groups of animals, since comparison of manganese-treated rats with age-matched controls showed a significant difference only in the rate of serotonin oxidation in the cerebellum of 2-month-old rats. The relationship of these observations to the effects of ageing and manganese encephalopathy on specific amine systems is discussed. PMID- 6787177 TI - Increased incorporation of [3H]lysine into synaptic membranes of the visual cortex following first exposure of dark-reared rats to light is confined to particular polypeptides. AB - The incorporation of [3H]lysine into separated polypeptides of synaptic-membrane fractions prepared from the visual cortices of dark-reared rats and littermates exposed to light for 1 h was examined. Increased incorporation of [3H]lysine was found in synaptic membranes from light-exposed compared to dark-reared rats in polypeptides of four molecular weights: 100,000, 71,000, 44,000, and 38,000. The 44,000-molecular-weight peak has been suggested to be actin on the basis of its comigration with pure brain actin. These results indicate that increased incorporation of [3H]lysine into synaptic membranes of the visual cortex, following first exposure of dark-reared rats to light, is confined to particular polypeptides. PMID- 6787178 TI - Absence of clinical or physiological changes during short-term cerebellar stimulation in a patient with Lafora body disease. AB - A 17-year-old girl with Lafora body disease received short-term stimulation but her epilepsy failed to improve and no changes were detected in her EEG. Neither visual nor somatosensory evoked potentials were changed by short bursts of cerebellar stimulation. PMID- 6787179 TI - Anterior decompression for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine. AB - Anterior decompression and fusion for treating ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine was performed in 12 patients. The central part of the vertebral body and the ossified area of the posterior longitudinal ligament were removed by means of a microrongeur and an air drill. The defect was filled with a long bone graft taken from the ilium. The operative results were excellent. Marked improvement of radicular and spinal cord signs was seen in all 12 cases. Three vertebral bodies were fused in one case, four in nine cases, and five in two cases. The highest level of fusion was C-2 and the lowest was T-1. It is considered that any ossification of the ligament below the C-2 level can be removed via an anterior approach as long as no more than five vertebral bodies are involved. Spinal computerized tomography was valuable in providing more detailed information about the stenotic spinal canal and the shape of the ossified ligament. PMID- 6787180 TI - Increased activity of rat intestinal lactase due to increased intake of alpha saccharides (starch, sucrose) in isocaloric diets. AB - The adaptability of intestinal microvillar alpha-disaccharidases to the variation of alpha-saccharide content in the diets is well established, but the influence of these sugars on the activity of microvillar lactase (neutral beta galactosidase) has heretofore been considered negligible or non-existing. In two experiments rats were fed isocaloric diets where the carbohydrate (starch or sucrose) content versus fat content was varied. (High carbohydrate diets: 71% of calories as carbohydrate and 5% of calories as fat; low carbohydrate diets: 6 and 73% calories, respectively). Experiment 1: male and female rats had access to experimental diets only from day 12 postnatally and were killed at age 56 days. Experiment 2: male rats were fed experimental diets starting on day 73 postnatally and killed 3, 7, 14 and 28 days later. Rats fed the high carbohydrate diets exhibited a significant increase in activity (specific and total per segment) of lactase in all three intestinal segments compared to rats fed the low carbohydrate diets. Changes in the activity of sucrase and maltase paralleled those of lactase activity. These experiments have thus demonstrated clearly the influence of variation in alpha-saccharide content in the diet upon lactase activity. Further experiments are needed to determine the active principle of this dietary adaptation. PMID- 6787182 TI - Induction of lysine imbalance in rats: relationships between tissue amino acids and diet. AB - We examined the ability of wheat gluten or casein diets supplemented with arginine, indispensable (IAA) or branched-chain (BCAA) amino acids (inhibitors of lysine transport into brain slices in vitro) to induce changes in tissue lysine concentrations consistent with occurrence of lysine imbalance. Tissue lysine concentrations were several-fold higher in male, 60--65 g rats of the Sprague Dawley strain fed for 1 day a 6% casein basal diet than in rats fed wheat gluten basal diets. Feeding a casein diet containing 5% of a mixture of all IAA except lysine changed concentrations of lysine and other amino acids to resemble those from rats fed wheat gluten diets. Growth depressions caused by arginine were consistently associated with large decreases in brain lysine concentrations and large increases in tissue arginine and ornithine concentrations. Growth depressions caused by supplements of BCAA or IAA were frequently accompanied by small or insignificant decreases in brain lysine content, and by small increases in tissue content of these amino acids. Plasma lysine concentrations were generally decreased less than were those in brain. The arginine-induced decrease in brain lysine concentration is consistent with the hypothesis that induction of amino acid imbalances may involve competition for transport into the brain of an indispensable, limiting amino acid; growth depressions caused by BCAA or IAA appear to involve other factors as well. PMID- 6787181 TI - Induction of lysine imbalance in rats: relation to competition for lysine transport into the brain in vitro. AB - The ability of amino acids inhibitory of lysine transport into brain slices to induce lysine imbalance was determined by feeding wheat gluten or casein diets with additions of such amino acids. Lysine transport was only moderately inhibited by amino acids; the most effective were basic amino acids or mixtures of indispensable (IAA) or branched chain amino acid (BCAA). Only mild depressions in growth and food intake occurred during a 10-day period when male, 60--65 g rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were fed lysine-limiting, 18% wheat gluten diets with additions of these amino acids. The effects were prevented by added lysine. Rats allowed a choice between the lysine-imbalanced or non-protein diets selected the imbalanced, wheat gluten diets (in severe imbalances rats will choose the non-protein diet). Growth depression, prevented by added lysine, occurred in rats fed a 6% casein diet supplemented with IAA; individual amino acids were ineffective. Growth depressions also occurred when rats were fed a basal diet containing 6% case in + 5% of an equimolar mixture of nine IAA and supplemented with arginine or more IAA; BCAA were less effective. Additional lysine completely prevented the growth depressions, but growth of rats fed the diets containing arginine and BCAA was greater than that of those fed the extra IAA. It is difficult to induce a severe lysine imbalance; this is consistent with the failure of amino acids to cause under our conditions strong inhibition of lysine transport into brain. PMID- 6787183 TI - Effect of dietary polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) for increasing urinary ascorbic acid and plasma cholesterol levels in rats. PMID- 6787184 TI - Amprolium toxicity.-Apparent difference in susceptibility between penned and pastured sheep. PMID- 6787185 TI - Sarcocystis singaporensis Zaman and Colley, (1975) 1976, Sarcocystis villivilliso sp. n., and Sarcocystis zamani sp. n.: development, morphology, and persistence in the laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus. AB - Sporocysts obtained in Singapore in the feces of the boid snake, Python reticulatus, were given by mouth to laboratory rats, mice, and a monkey (Macaca mulatta). Infections developed in rats only. Schizonts were observed in vascular endothelium of various tissues of rats examined at 7 to 15 days of infection; and in each of 20 rats examined at 1 mo to 2 yr, cysts of three species of Sarcocystis were observed. Based on observations made by light and electron microscopy, one species was identified as S. singaporensis and redescribed; two species, S. villivillosi and S. zamani, were described as new. The cyst wall of S. singaporensis is thick with tall, stalked, digitiform villi. That of S. villivillosi is moderately thin and bears short, stout villi that are covered with microvilli; and that of S. zamani is thin and bears delicate, branched villi. The cyst of S. zamani is macroscopic with rounded ends; it induces multiplication of host-cell nuclei and causes resorption of the myofibrils. Cysts of the other species are microscopic with fusiform shape that changes markedly with contraction of the host cell. Refrigerated sporocysts of S. singaporensis, S. zamani, and S. villivillosi remained viable for at least 24, 14, and 6 mo, respectively. Sarcocystis singaporensis and S. zamani apparently have been reported previously from several species of Malaysian wild rodents; S. villivillosi represents a unique type in rodents. PMID- 6787186 TI - Seasonal prevalence of hematozoa in Willow Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) from northwestern British Columbia. PMID- 6787187 TI - The influence of pre-sterilization conditioning on ethylene oxide bioindicator performance. PMID- 6787188 TI - Radioimmunoassay of SP1 (pregnancy-specific beta1-glycoprotein) in maternal blood and in amniotic fluid normal and pathologic pregnancies. AB - Sp1, the pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein, was studied in normal and pathologic pregnancies. We developed a highly specific and sensitive double antibody-radioimmunoassay by radioiodination of purified placental SP1. This RIA allowed the estimation of SP1 concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml. In a collective of 227 women with normal pregnancies we established the normal distribution curve in maternal plasma from the fifth week of gestation to term. The median value rose steadily from 3 microgram/ml in the 8th week to 140 microgram/ml in the 36th week when a plateau was formed. In more than 400 patients with pregnancies complicated by a variety of pathologic disorders the SP1 levels were controlled by either single assays or serial estimations throughout pregnancy and were compared with the normal distribution range. SP1 was also determined in about 200 samples of amniotic fluid gained by amniocentesis and during parturition of normal pregnant women from the 13th gestational week until term. The normal range was established up to the 20th w.o.p. The concentrations rose from below 0.2 microgram/ml in early pregnancy to 3 microgram/ml and generally amounted to approximately 1% of the respective serum value. Pathologic cases with diverse chromosomal anomalies, Rh-incompatibility, anencephaly, hydramnios and other abnormal conditions were examined. From these only twin-pregnancies with slightly elevated levels and cases with fetal trisomies with reduced SP1 concentrations showed aberrations from the normal distribution. The estimation of serum concentrations in mothers with diabetes or Rh-incompatibility were not significantly different from the normal collective. In diabetes a characteristic course of the follow-up curves was observed. Abortion in early pregnancy was frequently but not always indicated by reduced SP1 values. Threatened abortion with subsequent continuation of pregnancy exhibited SP1 values scattered within the normal range. Since the radioimmunological determination of SP1 is possible in the early stage of gestation (from week 8) it may serve as a useful tool for prediction at times when the determination of placental lactogen is not yet possible. In pregnancies with "small-for-date babies" the correlation between SP1 in maternal plasma and fetal growth retardation was reflected in a pronounced tendency to low SP1 levels. Serial determinations of SP1 in the serum of women with EPH-gestosis were compared with the corresponding HPL determinations and showed the equality of SP1 concerning the assessment of the placental function. PMID- 6787189 TI - Mutagenicity of N-acylglycinohydroxamic acids and related compounds. AB - The mutagenic activity of twenty-nine new N-acylglycinohydroxamic acids and related compounds was tested on Bacillus subtilis (Rec(+), Rec(-)) and Salmonella typhimurium (TA 98, TA 100). All the N-(substituted-benzoyl)glycinohydroxamic acids, except 3-acetylaminobenzoyl-derivative, were shown to be mutagenic to both test bacteria, whereas most of the N-aliphatic acylglycinohydroxamic acids were found to be non-mutagenic. In the present study, we discussed out observations focussing on the structure-activity correlation between their chemical structures and mutagenic activities. PMID- 6787190 TI - Conjugation of p-nitroanisole and p-nitrophenol in hepatocytes isolated from streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The conjugative metabolism of p-nitroanisole (pNA) and p-nitrophenol (pNP) was studied in isolated hepatocytes of male and female rats rendered diabetic with streptozotocin. Hepatocytes of male diabetic rats formed more of the glucuronide conjugate from pNA than controls and a tendency toward higher sulfate conjugate production was observed. By summation of conjugated metabolites and unconjugated phenol, it was determined that O-demethylation of pNA was also increased, possibly accounting for the increased production of conjugated metabolites. Production of the sulfate conjugate directly from pNP was inhibited in male diabetic hepatocytes when the substrate concentration was 50 microM but was not altered at other substrate concentrations. Glucuronidation was increased in hepatocytes of diabetic rats when pNP was used as substrate at concentrations of 50 and 100 microM, whereas there was no difference from control at 25 microM pNP. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin returned glucuronidation to control values. The effect of diabetes on glucuronidation in hepatocytes was not due to increases in microsomal glucuronyltransferase activity. In contrast to males, no differences were observed between hepatocytes of control and diabetic female rats in the capacity to form conjugated metabolites from pNA or pNP. It is consistent with previous reports that alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in hepatocytes of male diabetic rats led to accelerated formation of uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid, resulting in greater rates of glucuronidation. PMID- 6787191 TI - Techniques for measuring the partial pressures of gases in the blood. Part II- in vivo measurements. PMID- 6787192 TI - [Assessment of the reflex vagal origin of broncho-constrictor effects of hypercapnia in cats (author's transl)]. AB - Breath-by-breath measurements of pulmonary resistance (RL) were used to study the bronchomotor effects produced by the inhalation of a CO2-enriched gas mixture in anaesthetized, spontaneously breathing cats. A significant increase in RL occurred from the second inhalation of the hypercapnic gas mixture. This bronchoconstrictor effect lasted about 18 seconds, then a marked decrease in RL was observed. The secondary bronchodilatation persisted during the entire hypercapnic test (4 min). After surgical suppression of the sensory vagal component at the level of the nodose ganglion (bilateral sensory vagotomy), the early bronchoconstrictor effect of CO2 disappeared, but the secondary bronchodilatation was unchanged. In other experiments, after procaine block of the nervous conduction in non-myelinated vagal fibers, the bronchomotor effects of CO2 were the same as those observed after sensory vagotomy. In contrast, an electrotonic block of both vagus nerves, which abolished nervous conduction in myelinated fibers, did not suppress the bronchoconstrictor response to hypercapnia. Thus, the early increase in RL, which follows inhalation of a hypercapnic gas mixture, seems to be reflexly mediated by vagal afferents, especially by non-myelinated fibers. PMID- 6787193 TI - Caring for old people in New York and London: the "nurses' aide' interviews. AB - As part of a comparative study of the institutionalized elderly in London and New York, random samples of nurses' aides, nursing assistants and care assistants were interviewed. It is shown that the two long-term care 'systems' employ very similar people to provide basic care services, but far more in-service training is provided for New York staff. A detailed analysis of tasks performed suggests that New York staff may be more likely than their London counterparts to carry out technical 'nursing' procedures and to be actively involved in physical rehabilitation. The preferences of staff in caring for more or less dependent people showed considerable cross-national agreement, almost half of the total respondents reporting that they preferred immobile patients. Some of the reasons they gave are presented and the implications of this finding discussed. PMID- 6787194 TI - Complications of a large pharyngeal pouch. PMID- 6787195 TI - Surgical removal of tattoos by carbon dioxide laser. PMID- 6787196 TI - Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum without impairment of renal function. PMID- 6787197 TI - The isolation of Brucella abortus biotype I from serologically positive reactors following on S19 adult inoculation of dairy cows. AB - The incidence of infection following adult inoculation is such that this method alone cannot be relied on to control the spread of brucellosis. Brucella infection is present in a high percentage of serologically positive cases using the interpretation of titres as applied in South African. One premature and one full term calf born to cows 7-9 months after adult vaccination as well as the placentae, discharges and colostrum were all heavily infected with B. abortus biotype I. PMID- 6787198 TI - Potential inhibitors of L-asparagine biosynthesis. 5. Electrophilic amide analogues of (S)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid. AB - Three electrophilic amide analogues of (S)-2,3-diaminopropionic acid (1, DAP) have been prepared as potential inhibitors of L-asparagine synthetase (ASase, from Novikoff hepatoma, EC 6.3.5.4). DAP was selectively blocked by the carbobenzoxy (Cbz) group to give 3-N-Cbz-DAP (2a). Esterification of 2a with isobutylene afforded tert-butyl 3-N-carbobenzoxy-(S)-2,3-diaminopropionate (3a), which was then blocked at the 2 position with the tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) group to give tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3 [(carbobenzoxy)amino]propionate (4). Selective cleavage of the Cbz group by H2/Pd gave the key intermediate tert-butyl 2-N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-(S)-2,3 diaminopropionate (5), which was acylated, via the N-hydroxysuccinimide esters, with bromoacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, and fumaric acid monoethyl ester to give tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-amino]-3-(2 bromoacetamido)propionate (6a), tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3 (2,2-dichloroacetamido)propionate (6b), and tert-butyl 2-[(S)-(tert butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-(ethoxycarbonyl)acrylamido]-propionate (6c), respectively. Deblocking of 6a-c gave the corresponding amino acids (S)-2-amino-3 (2-bromoacetamido)propionic acid hydrobromide (7a), (S)-2-amino-3-(2,2 dichloroacetamido)propionic acid (7b), and ethyl N-[(S)-2-amino-2 carboxyethyl]fumarate (7c). By a slightly different procedure, 5 was converted in two steps to (S)-2-amino-3-acetamidopropionic acid hydrobromide (7d). The inhibition of ASase by 7a-c at 1 mM was 93, 19, and 37%, respectively, while 7d was without inhibition at 2 mM. Compounds 7a-c failed to increase the life span of mice infected with B16 melanoma. PMID- 6787200 TI - Coincidence of neurofibromatosis and myotonic dystrophy in a kindred. AB - Neurofibromatosis and myotonic dystrophy have occurred in ten members of a nonconsanguineous family with a high degree of concordance. The expression of neurofibromatosis is peripheral, and the expression of myotonic dystrophy has produced at least moderately severe disability. Neither disease has appeared to alter the phenotypic expression of the other when both have occurred simultaneously. Secretor typing supports the assumption that the myotonic dystrophy in this family is the commonly recognised secretor-linked entity. The segregation pattern of the two disorders in this family suggest the possibility of close linkage between the loci for neurofibromatosis and myotonic dystrophy. PMID- 6787199 TI - Methotrexate analogues. 13. Chemical and pharmacological studies on amide, hydrazide, and hydroxamic acid derivatives of the glutamate side chain. AB - Carbodiimide-mediated condensation of 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid (APA) with several alkyl, aralkyl, and aryl amines, in the presence or absence of N-hydroxysuccinimide, was employed in order to prepare new lipid-soluble bis(amide) derivatives of methotrexate (MTX) as potential prodrugs. MTX dianilide was likewise prepared, in comparable yield, from APA and L-glutamic acid dianilide via the mixed carboxylic--carbonic anhydride method. Dihydrazide and bis(N-methylhydrazide) derivatives of MTX were formed readily from MTX diethyl ester. However, reaction with hydroxylamine led to MTX gamma-monohydroxamic acid as the sole isolated product. The bis adduct appears to form, but is unstable during workup. The identity of the product was confirmed by independent mixed anhydride synthesis from APA and the gamma-monohydroxamate of L-glutamic acid. Treatment of MTX dimethyl ester with N,N-dimethylhydrazine unexpectedly yielded MTX gamma-monomethyl ester. MTX dianilide was active against L1210 leukemia in mice, with a +155% increase in life span at a dose of 160 mg/kg given ip in 10% Tween 80 on a q3d X 3 schedule. The bis(p-chlorobenzylamide), bis(p methoxybenzylamide), and dihydrazide were also active against L1210 leukemia in vivo, but to a lesser extent than the dianilide. The gamma-monohydroxamic acid derivative showed activity (+111% ILS at 40 mg/kg) similar to that of MTX and was found to bind to a partially purified dihydrofolate reductase preparation from L1210 cells with an ID50 of 0.005 microM as compared to 0.007 microM for MTX. In vivo experiments in mice indicated that the pharmacokinetic properties of this compound and of MTX are similar but failed to demonstrate any advantage over MTX in terms of selective uptake into tumor (sc implanted P388 leukemia) or improved penetration of the central nervous system. The activities of the dianilide, bis(benzylamide), and dihydrazide derivatives in vivo are of interest in view of their low toxicity relative to MTX against cells in culture, which suggests that these derivatives are probably acting as prodrugs in the intact animal. PMID- 6787201 TI - Inherited abnormalities of collagen. PMID- 6787202 TI - Familial partial 14 trisomy. PMID- 6787203 TI - Presentation of mucopolysaccharidosis VII (beta-glucuronidase deficiency) in infancy. AB - A child is presented with mucopolysaccharidosis VII (beta-glucuronidase deficiency), bringing to six the number of reported patients with the infantile onset form of this disorder. This patient exhibited the following features, previously unrecognised as part of this syndrome: presentation in the neonatal period, progressive joint contractures, and hydrocephalus. This child's course and data from published reports indicate that mucopolysaccharidosis VII, unlike the other known mucopolysaccharidoses, is clinically recognisable in the newborn period and is most likely to be associated with moderate mental deficiency which does not progress over time. PMID- 6787204 TI - Effects of quinine on Ca++-induced K+ efflux from human red blood cells. AB - The Ca++-mediated increase in K+-permeability of intact red blood cells (Gardos effect) was initiated by exposing cells to know concentrations of Ca++ (using EGTA buffers) in the presence of the ionophore A23187. The potency of quinine, an inhibitor of the response, was found to depend on the external K+ concentration. In K+-free solutions the concentration of quinine to achieve 50% inhibition (K50) was 5 microM, but at 5 mM K+ the required concentration was increased 20-fold to 100 microM. An increase in internal Na+ had the opposite effect, allowing a high potency of quinine despite the presence of external K+. Alterations in the internal K+ level, on the other hand, were without effect on the K50, suggesting that the membrane potential is not a factor. This conclusion is supported by the lack of effect on quinine inhibition of substitution of Cl- by NO3-, a considerably more permeant anion. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that quinine inhibits by competitively displacing K+ from an external binding site, the reported K+-activation site for the Ca++-mediated K+-permeability. PMID- 6787207 TI - Accidental needle-stick exposure: a protocol for evaluating the risks of hepatitis transmission. PMID- 6787206 TI - Structural responses to voltage-clamping in the toad urinary bladder. II. Granular cells and the natriferic action of vasopressin. AB - The natriferic action of vasopressin has been investigated with morphological studies of voltage-clamped toad urinary bladders. Granular cell swelling can be induced in the presence of isoosmotic solutions when the orientation of the transmural potential is reversed by voltage clamping (V.A. Bobrycki, J. W. Mills, A.D.C. Macknight & D. R. DiBona, J. Membrane Biol., 60:21, 1981) and results from an increased rate of sodium entry across the mucosal membrane; under these conditions the active transport mechanism at the basal-lateral membrane becomes rate-limiting. Vasopressin exacerbated the voltage-reversal-induced swelling of granular cells while other cell types were unaffected. Granular cell swelling appeared to be dependent upon sodium entry from the mucosal medium since it was completely prevented by amiloride. There was no evidence for an effect of vasopressin on tight junction permeability; voltage-reversal induced the same amount of junction blistering whether or not vasopressin was present. It is concluded that the predominant effect of vasopressin on transepithelial sodium transport is to increase the sodium conductance of the mucosal plasma membrane. As is the case with the hydroosmotic effect of the hormone, the natriferic action of vasopressin seems to be exerted primarily, if not entirely, on the granular cells. PMID- 6787208 TI - The effect of microwave radiation on passive membrane properties of snail neurons. AB - The effect of CW microwaves (2450-MHz, rate of energy absorption, 15.5 mW/g) on passive properties of neurons of the Helix snail was studied. After one hour of exposure, the electrical resistance and the time constant of the membrane diminished, respectively, by 22 and 26%. Irradiation against the background of injection of EDTA (ethylene-diamine-tetra-acidic acid) into the cell blocked the change in membrane resistance. In contrast, injection of DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) into the cell qualitatively mimiced the microwave effect. PMID- 6787205 TI - Structural responses to voltage-clamping in the toad urinary bladder. I. The principal role of granular cells in the active transport of sodium. AB - The structural consequences of clamping the transepithelial potential difference across the toad's urinary bladder have been examined. Reducing the potential to zero (short-circuiting) produced no apparent changes in the morphology of any of the four cell types which comprise the epithelium. Computer assisted, morphometric analysis of quick frozen specimens revealed no measurable difference in granular cell volume between open-and short-circuited preparations. However, when the open-circuit potential was quantitatively reversed (serosa negative with respect to mucosa), some of the preparations showed a marked increase in granular cell volume. To examine this more systematically twelve preparations were voltage clamped at 50 mV (serosa negative); eight of the twelve revealed prominent granular cell swelling relative to control, short-circuited preparations. Only in this group of eight had the external circuit current fallen substantially during the clamping interval. Mitochondria-rich cells were not affected detectably. Application of the diuretic amiloride prior to clamping at reversed potential prevented granular cell swelling in every case. Goblet cells which were often affected by the - 50 mV clamp were not protected by the diuretic. Granular cell swelling thus appeared to be dependent on sodium entry at the mucosal surface. We also observed that, after voltage reversal, the apical "tight" junctions of the bladders were blistered as they are with hypertonic mucosal media. This blistering was associated with an increase in passive ionic permeability and was not prevented by application of amiloride. This finding is consistent with the evidence that the junction is a complex barrier with asymetric, and hence, rectifying properties for intrinsic ionic conductance as well as hydraulic permeability. These findings, together with others from the literature, lead to the conclusion that the granular cells constitute the principal, if not sole, elements for active sodium transport across toad urinary bladder and that they swell when sodium entry exceeds the transport capacity of the pump at the basal lateral surface. PMID- 6787209 TI - Prenatal development of the microphthalmic eye in the golden hamster. AB - Prenatal development of the eye in a microphthalmic hamster strain ("anophthalmic white") is compared with established normal developmental periods. The mutant eye primordium is first distinguished at an average of ten gestational days (Period 6) by an incompletely invaginated optic cup, uniformly pseudostratified outer neuroepithelial layer and widely separated margins of the optic fissure. The outer layer of the mutant cup subsequently becomes abnormally thickened, especially posteriorly and midventrally, and, except in a few eyes with localized imperfect fusion, the optic fissure is unfused at twelve days (Period 9), by which time fusion is normally complete. At 13 to 15 days (Period 10-11) the fissure is unfused or irregularly fused in regions of variable location and extent. The occurrence of fissure fusion with concomitant loss of continuity between inner and outer epithelial layers is generally restricted to expanded anterior regions in 14-16 day (Periods 11-12) eyes. The presence of presumptive neural retina in the outer layer of the cup characterizes the mutant eye; and to varying degrees, in day 13-16 eyes, the presumptive neural retina (1) provides persistent continuity between the two cup layers, (2) forms both fused and unfused margins of the optic fissure, and (3) extends into an outer position of the optic cup. As early as 13 days (Period 10), nerve fibers are present in the outer layer of the cup, and by the last prenatal and first postnatal days (Period 12), ectopic nerve fiber bundles are widely distributed. PMID- 6787210 TI - A difference in the in vivo cerebral production of [1-14C] lactate from D-[3-14C] glucose in chronic mental patients. AB - Data from a study in which 12 chronic mental patients and 12 control subject were given D-[3-14C] glucose intravenously in our arterio-venous technique for determining cerebral metabolism in vivo were reexamined. Previously unpublished whole-blood lactate determinations in these experiments indicated a cerebral production of much higher specific activity of [1-14C]-lactate from the D-[3-14C] glucose by mental patients. Of several possible explanations offered for this difference, the most likely was that involving a small lactate compartment(s) in some specific region(s) in which decarboxylation of the endogenously formed cerebral lactate was partially inhibited. Two other experiments with mental patients (one given [U-14C] glucose and the other, [1-14C] glucose) whose extraordinary results were described, in part, in a previous report, were interpreted as more extreme examples of the production of higher specific activity 14C-lactate from 14C-glucose by mental patients' brains upon their very unusual whole blood lactate data. PMID- 6787211 TI - Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. AB - A seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus activity in Iraq was carried out during 1979 and 1980. Sera were collected from 1680 people including contacts of known patients, abattoir workers and animal husbandry workers in various parts of the country. These were tested by complement fixation and agar gel precipitin tests. Among patients' relatives and contacts, 29% had antibodies to Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever; 11% of hospital staff, 7% of abattoir workers and 29% of those engaged in animal husbandry had antibodies. Inapparent infections were common in hospital staff caring for patients known to have had the disease. No antibodies were detected in the sera of 151 people who were not believed to have had contact with a known case of the disease. PMID- 6787212 TI - Structural studies on Trichodina pediculus (Ciliophora, Peritricha). I. The locomotor fringe and the oral apparatus. PMID- 6787213 TI - Structural studies on Trichodina pediculus (Ciliophora, Peritricha). II. The adhesive disc. PMID- 6787215 TI - Predominance of bacteriophage SP82 over bacteriophage SP01 in mixed infections of Bacillus subtilis. AB - In mixed infections with Bacillus subtilis phages SP82 and SP01, the SP82 genotype is predominant among the progeny. This predominance is determined by a specific region of the genome, the pos region, which apparently is located near genes 29 to 32 (by the SP01 numbering system). Recombination between SP82 and SP01 yields phage which have both the SP82 pos region and an SP01 mutation. This mutation then behaves in mixed infection as if it were part of an SP82 genome. PMID- 6787216 TI - The occurrence of a sporozoan in the myocardium of short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda). PMID- 6787214 TI - Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage specific for the lipopolysaccharide of rough derivatives of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO. AB - A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-defective (rough) mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO was isolated by selection for resistance to the LPS-specific phage E79. The LPS of this mutant, AK-1012, lacked the O-antigenic side chain-specific amino sugar fucosamine as well as the core-specific sugars glucose and rhamnose. Using this strain, we isolated and characterized a phage, phi PLS27, which is specifically inactivated upon incubation with LPS extracted from rough mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO. phi PLS27 was found to be a Bradley type C phage and was very similar to coliphage T7 in a number of properties, including size, buoyant density, mass, and the number of structural proteins. PMID- 6787217 TI - Airway response to sublingual nitroglycerin in acute asthma. AB - To test the efficacy of sublingual nitroglycerin as a bronchodilator, we studied ten patients with acute asthma. After a baseline spirogram, each patient was given 1.2 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin, and subsequent spirograms were obtained a five-minute intervals for 15 minutes. Each patient was then given three subsequent doses of epinephrine (0.5 mg) subcutaneously at 15-minute intervals. Spirograms were obtained 15 minutes after each epinephrine dose. Forced expiratory volume at 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) did not change significantly following sublingual nitroglycerin, but both FEV1 and FVC improved significantly after epinephrine administration. Three patients experienced transient but severe hypotension after receiving sublingual nitroglycerin. The results suggest that sublingual nitroglycerin is not adequate initial therapy for asthmatic attacks and that the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin in acute asthma may be dangerous. PMID- 6787218 TI - Ocular gonococcal infection with minimal or no inflammatory response. PMID- 6787219 TI - Gonococcal pyomyositis. PMID- 6787220 TI - Aldose reductase in diabetic cataracts. PMID- 6787221 TI - Essential fatty acid status in adult patients receiving soybean-base formula. AB - Essential fatty acid (EFA) status was assessed in 48 normal Thai adults and 6 patients who required tube feeding ro 2-4 wk with commercial soybean-base formula (Sobel, Mead Johnson). Each 1000 kcal of this formula provided 40.2 g protein, 32.8 g fat, 136 g carbohydrate, 13.9 g linoleic acid, 2.9 g linolenic acid, and 0 g arachidonic acid. The linoleic acid status in these patients before receiving soybean-base formula was inadequate, as evidenced by the significantly lower serum 18:2-W6 percentage but higher serum 16:1-W7 and 18:1-W9 percentages than those in normal adults. These changes were reversed while receiving soybean-base formula. A significant positive correlation between linoleic acid intake and its serum level was demonstrated. There was a significant decrease in serum 20:4-W6 percentage while receiving soybean-base formula. This could be related to the absence of this EFA in the formula and suppression of biotransformation of 18:2 W6 to 20:4-W6 in the presence of a significant amount of 18:3-W3. None of the patients had 20:3-W9 in the serum or developed scaly dermatitis throughout the study. PMID- 6787222 TI - Medium chain triglycerides in parenteral nutrition. AB - Until recently, medium chain triglycerides (MCT) have not been used in parenteral nutrition (PN) although they are considered to be ideal sources of energy on account of their biochemical properties. The tolerance and utilization of 10% fat emulsion with 75% MCT was tested on 10 healthy males after an overnight fast. During an infusion period of 6 hr the total fat supply rate was 0.12 g/kg body weight/hr. A commercial 10% fat emulsion (Lipofundin-S-10) served as control. The fat emulsion containing MCT was tolerated without any side effects. Compared with the commercial fat emulsion, the increase of triglycerides was markedly lower and clearing of the serum was completed earlier. By gas chromatographic analysis of the serum fatty acid pattern, medium chain fatty acids rapidly achieved a steady state. During infusion of the fat emulsion containing MCT, the production of ketone bodies was considerably higher although acidosis was not induced. The results obtained indicate that the fat solutions containing MCT bypass gluconeogenesis and are utilized quickly without side effects. PMID- 6787223 TI - Selenium supplementation in total parenteral nutrition. AB - Four adult patients with very low plasma selenium (Se) levels ( less than or equal to 1.5 microgram/100 ml) were given Se supplements while receiving total parenteral nutrition. A comparison was made using the compounds selenomethionine and sodium selenite given either intravenously or by mouth. Urinary excretion and Se plasma responses differed, and indicated that selenomethionine retention was greater. However, the incorporation of Se into the erythrocyte and its enzyme glutathione peroxidase was unpredictable and delayed and was not a good indicator of supplement response. No deleterious effects of supplements were observed. Se supplements are indicated especially in patients with a high risk of developing low Se levels and are best monitored by plasma Se levels. PMID- 6787224 TI - Rate and volume of intermittent enteral feeding. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of the volume of enteral feedings and the rate at which they were administered on subject tolerance and gastric pressure changes. Fourteen normal volunteers received enteral feedings on 9 or 10 separate days. These feedings (Ensure) were administered in combinations of 3 volumes (250, 350, and 500 ml) and of 2 rates (30 and 85 ml/min). The effect on gastric motility was monitored by an open tipped catheter. Nine of the subjects also received 750 ml administered at 30 ml/min. Six of the 14 subjects experienced nausea and/or discomfort during the first feeding trial (250 ml at 30 ml/min); however, subsequent feedings were tolerated without this discomfort. The rate at which feedings were administered had little effect on the time following feeding until the return of regular motility or on the mean motility index when 250 ml were administered; however, when larger volumes were administered at the faster rate, longer time was taken for the return of regular motility. Feedings administered at the faster rate were associated with a greater number of subjective complaints of abdominal discomfort, nausea, fullness, and cramping. The volume of a feeding has a significant effect on both the time required for regular motility to return following feeding and on the mean motility index, with the larger feeding volumes suppressing activity progressively longer. The volume of feeding (up to 750) ml) had little effect upon symptomatic tolerance of subjects when these feedings were administered at 30 ml/min. There was no significant interaction effect of rate and volume on the time required for motility to return following feedings. The results of this study indicate that normal subjects can tolerate bolus feedings of (250-750 ml) administered at 30 ml/min without distress. Additional studies are needed to compare bolus and continuous feedings in relation to patient tolerance, gastric emptying, and nutritional outcome. PMID- 6787225 TI - Hyperkalemia in patients on enteral feeding. AB - The amount of potassium (K) in proprietary enteral feeds varies considerably from 2.7-9.2 mmol K+/g N. It has been suggested that up to 7 mmol K+/g N is required by the anabolic patient. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a proprietary feed (Triosorbon MCT), containing 6.9 mmol K+/g N, on serum and urinary K in 13 patients requiring nutritional support. Serum electrolytes in all patients and urinary electrolytes in 7 were measured both before feeding commenced and when they had achieved an intake of between 2.4 and 3.0 liter/day (102-127 mmol K+/day) of full strength feed for a period of 1 wk. Ther serum K rose in all patients from 4.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/liter (mean +/- SD) before feeding to 5.1 +/- 0.5 after feeding for 1 wk (p less than 0.001; pair-difference t-test). The daily urinary K excretion rose from 37.8 +/- 24.2 mmol/day to 61.8 +/- 26.6 over the same period (p less than 0.001) The serum urea rose from 4.7 +/- 2.0 mmol/liter to 6.3 +/- 3.2 (p less than 0.05). No significant change was observed in other serum electrolytes, creatinine, or urinary electrolytes. During the whole course of feeding (range 1-11 wk) it was necessary to discontinue Triosorbon in 2 patients whose serum K concentration became elevated to greater than 6 mmol/liter. We conclude that the recommended levels of K intake may be too high and that serum K should be carefully monitored during enteral feeding. PMID- 6787226 TI - Quality of life in patients on permanent home parenteral nutrition. AB - A psychosocial survey of patients on permanent home parenteral nutrition (HPN) has been made to assess the quality of life in these patients. All patients on permanent HPN in the period August 1978 to August 1979, including 7 women and 6 men, age range 24-62 yr (median 53) were interviewed, as well as partners of 11 patients who were married or cohabiting. The duration of HPN ranged from 2-43 mon (median 24 mon). They were asked specific questions about physical symptoms, social and leisure activities, interpersonal relationships, sexuality, psychological problems, and feelings about HPN. None had an outside job, but 6 (46%) did most of the housekeeping. Some physical distress was recorded in almost all patients, but 9 (69%) considered themselves healthy or fairly healthy, whereas 4 (31%) felt diseased. Social and leisure activities were normal or only slightly impaired in most. Sexual activity had ceased completely in 5 above 55 yr, in association with onset of the disease; younger patients displayed normal and unchanged sexual activity. Psychological symptoms were recorded in 6 (46%), major symptoms in 4 (31%). Seven partners considered HPN to be a moderate or severe burden, mainly psychological changes in the patient that caused marital tension in 3 cases. Criteria for quality of life were: 1) no major physical distress, 2) no major psychological symptoms, 3) no substantial restriction of social and leisure activities, 4) ability to accept HPN, 5) overall satisfaction with conditions of life. Nine patients who fulfilled at least 3 of these criteria were considered to have a fair quality of life, 4 who complied with less than 3 of the criteria a poor quality of life. The interviews were repeated at intervals of 6-10 mon in 9 patients, and revealed no systematic improvement or deterioration of quality of life during HPN. PMID- 6787228 TI - Crohn's disease of the appendix: remission obtained by total parenteral nutrition. AB - A woman, aged 37 years, who had been suffering from advanced Crohn's disease for many years, was treated with long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), given in two 2-month periods at an interval of 6 months. Prior to the introduction of TPN there was inflammation of the appendix, the terminal ileum, and the entire colon. During the first period of TPN there was a temporary clinical and radiological improvement in the state of the intestinal tract, including the appendix. Two months after the first period of TPN abdominal pain recurred, and colonoscopy disclosed renewed severe inflammation of the mucosa from the cecum to the rectum. At operation, on day 45 of the second period of TPN, due to remaining stenosis of the terminal ileum, there was no longer any inflammation of the appendix, confirmed by histological examination. PMID- 6787227 TI - Psychological aspects of artificial feeding in cancer patients. AB - Anorexia and weight loss are major physical and psychological problems for patients with cancer, and nutritional support has become an increasingly important part of cancer treatment. Reports discussing the psychological aspects of parenteral feeding have emphasized the importance of the nature of the underlying illness, but special problems surrounding the use of artificial feeding in patients with cancer have not been described. Patterns of emotional response to artificial feeding in such patients are most directly influenced by two interacting sets of variables: the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, and personality characteristics of patients and family members involved. Typically, management problems result when demoralized patients respond to artificial feeding by becoming more passive, when independent patients struggle over artificial feeding in order to maintain a sense of control, or when anxious patients or families express fears about dying in the form of extreme preoccupation with eating and maintaining weight. An understanding of these patterns has specific implications for improving the patient's cooperation and quality of life. PMID- 6787229 TI - Candida endophthalmitis associated with total parenteral nutrition. AB - Candida albicans is the most common fungal infection which can occur in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition therapy. While rare, Candida endophthalmitis also can occur and must be considered as a potential risk of this treatment. Early detection and management of this disorder can alter the visual outcome for these patients. Systemic administration of amphotericin B and fluocytosine is the most common form of treatment for Candida endophthalmitis. In cases not responsive to systemic administration of antifungal agents, surgical management through pars plana vitrectomy can potentially eradicate the infection and preserve vision. We present a case of bilateral Candida endophthalmitis treated with amphotericin B and fluocytosine, and also with pars plana vitrectomy with the intracameral injection of amphotericin B into the anterior vitreous cavity. Systemic and intracameral use of antifungal drug therapy combined with vitrectomy restored useful vision to the patient. PMID- 6787230 TI - Role of home total parenteral nutrition in management of obliterative peritonitis. AB - Two patients with obliterative peritonitis complicating enterocutaneous fistulae received total parenteral nutrition prior to surgical closure. One patient managed on home parenteral nutrition for 8 mo experienced psychosocial and nutritional rehabilitation at a daily cost of $37. Experience with the other patient confirmed that a significant resolution of obliterative inflammatory changes can occur during a 4-mon period of bowel rest when septic foci have been drained adequately. In-hospital management was required by this patient, and daily charges greatly exceeded those accrued by the other patient who could be managed at home. A home parenteral nutrition program is a cost-effective means of providing time for resolution of obliterative peritonitis. PMID- 6787231 TI - Home parenteral nutrition programs. AB - The technique of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is becoming a more widely used method to treat patients who cannot eat for prolonged periods; to date, more than 500 patients have been trained nationwide. Training has been limited for the most part to larger centers which have more experience in providing this complex patient education. As this technique becomes more widely accepted, however, other less experienced health care professionals will be called upon to develop HPN training programs. For this reason, it is important to simplify these training programs, with initial attention directed toward the procedures used to prepare the total parenteral nutrition solution. The chance of potential errors can be reduced by using amino acid solutions with electrolytes included in the formulation. When possible, complexity can be reduced by administering vitamins and extra electrolytes orally. The teaching program can be simplified by developing or using existing training manuals, which standardize procedures so that consistent methods are taught and performed. The manual can serve as a reference for patient and teacher alike. Distribution of supplies can be simplified by employing commercially available shipment programs; but, while these are very convenient for the patient and pharmacy, the costs of such programs could be a limitation. Finally, the extensive work required to arrange reimbursement for services and supplies also can be simplified. Often a social worker can facilitate this process because of experience and training in dealing with payment problems. In addition, training fees should be negotiated with third party payors early in the development of HPN programs. By simplifying these basic elements in an HPN, the task of training patients is less imposing and can be made more widely available to those who need this treatment modality. PMID- 6787232 TI - Effect of nutritional support on weaning patients off mechanical ventilators. AB - The provision of adequate nutritional support to ventilator patients (VP), although important, is still overlooked in many hospitals. All VP in our intensive care unit from July 1977 to June 1979 were reviewed; only those who were on ventilators for 3 or more days (range 3-25) were included, but those ventilated after cardiac arrest with possible brainstem damage were excluded. Group A included 33 VP (22 surgical, 11 medical) who received a protein-free, energy-deficient routine IV diet (1650 kJ/day as dextrose in water or electrolyte solution); group B had 14 VP who received nutritional support as TPN or nasogastric tube feeding (8300-12600 kJ/day with optimum nitrogen). In group A, 18 (54.5%) of the 33 VP were able to be weaned off the ventilator compared to 13 (92.8%) of the 14 VP in group B (p less than 0.05). Of medical VP, 10 (90.9%) of 11 in group A were weaned compared with 3 (100%) of 3 in group B (not significant). However, of surgical VP, only 8 (36.3%) of 22 in group A were able to be weaned off mechanical ventilation compared with 10 (90.9%) of 11 in group b (p less tha 0.01); this was likely highly significant in surgical patients because of greater metabolic demand for wound healing and more severe sepsis. PMID- 6787233 TI - A complication of direct right atrial catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. AB - A markedly malnourished man with Crohn's disease and superior vena cava thrombosis required direct right atrial catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. After 3 wk the catheter had migrated to the right pleural space, necessitating removal. An inferior vena cava line via the left saphenous vein was then utilized until the patient's death 10 wk later from pneumonitis. Technical suggestions for avoiding this complication and alternative venous access sites are discussed. PMID- 6787234 TI - Complication of TPN therapy. PMID- 6787236 TI - [Studies on cross-reactivity between M. tuberculosis AOYAMA B and C. equi Ko-85]. PMID- 6787235 TI - [In vitro experiment on combination effect of chromomycin A3 and amphotericin B (author's transl)]. AB - The combination effect of chromomycin A3 and amphotericin B against HeLa cells and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 by the agar plate diffusion and the serial dilution method was examined. As a result, evident synergistic effect was observed when the HeLa cell was used as the test cell. PMID- 6787237 TI - [Studies on characterization and production of antibacterial substance of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus natto (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787238 TI - [Extracellular hemolytic toxin from Aspergillus flavus]. PMID- 6787239 TI - [Germination of Bacillus megaterium QM B 1551 spores with cadmium chloride (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787240 TI - [Lipid metabolism in PCB poisoned rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787242 TI - [Habitual drinking and diseases]. PMID- 6787241 TI - [Approach to problem drinkers]. PMID- 6787243 TI - [Alcohol dependence]. PMID- 6787244 TI - [Life-saving nursing process: in relation to security in nursing. From 35th Igaku Shoin Nursing Seminar]. PMID- 6787245 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with extensive decubitus ulcer associated with a spinal injury]. PMID- 6787246 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with athetosis, with special reference to assistance at meal time]. PMID- 6787247 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an innovation in communication with the patient with frequent complaints]. PMID- 6787248 TI - [Designing a band for lifting patients; a device to ease the placement and removal of radiographic cassettes]. PMID- 6787249 TI - [Rapport between a nursing student and a family member attending the patient: in postoperative nursing of a patient with femoral head necrosis]. PMID- 6787250 TI - [Outpatient nursing conference. 3. At Life Planning Center Clinic. Care of an aged neurotic patient with complaints of polyuria]. PMID- 6787251 TI - [Scene of life and death. Description of a nurse sharing the life with the patients. 3. A nurse at a special home for the aged without families. 2]. PMID- 6787252 TI - [Studies of computers. 3. Progress in electronics and its significance]. PMID- 6787253 TI - [Questions and answers in respiratory tract diseases. 12. Pulmonary function tests]. PMID- 6787254 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization. 8. Disinfection and sterilization on a ward. (1)]. PMID- 6787256 TI - [Life with the Japanese population in Argentina. 3. Encounters with various Japanese-Argentinians]. PMID- 6787255 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Hiroko Saito who is active as a nurse in maternal and child health care in Bangladesh]. PMID- 6787257 TI - [Significance of oral food intake]. PMID- 6787258 TI - [Living starts from eating - the nursing process for a patient with tongue cancer who gained a desire to live through the eating process]. PMID- 6787259 TI - [Eating and its relationship to nursing - nursing assistance in a prolonged deglutition disorder with cognition disturbance]. PMID- 6787260 TI - [Nursing action toward intake of solid food by a patient with a deglutition disorder]. PMID- 6787261 TI - [Physiopathology of smoking]. PMID- 6787262 TI - [Problems involved in enforcing no-smoking]. PMID- 6787263 TI - [Various problems concerning smoking behaviors]. PMID- 6787264 TI - [Survey on the attitudes of medical students and nursing students toward smoking: a study on the attitude of personnel in a position to promote non-smoking]. PMID- 6787265 TI - [Nursing conference at the outpatient clinic. 4. At the Life Planning Center Clinic. Confusion of patients on adverse effects of drugs - the manner of response by the nurse toward to patient]. PMID- 6787267 TI - [Introduction to computers. 4. The hardware and software]. PMID- 6787266 TI - [A nurse at a scene of life and death. 4. A nurse with a title of a correctional officer]. PMID- 6787268 TI - [Sex in clinical medicine. 15. Sex in adolescence]. PMID- 6787270 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization in a ward. (2)]. PMID- 6787269 TI - [Viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6787271 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Mr. Hisako Onizuka who is active in Hyogo Nursing Laboratory]. PMID- 6787272 TI - [Japanese in Argentina. 4. Establishment of a Japanese hospital, a dream of the local Japanese]. PMID- 6787274 TI - [Shortcomings of the POS - a physician's viewpoint]. PMID- 6787273 TI - [Process of introduction of the POS - a strategy for its propagation in new areas]. PMID- 6787275 TI - [From the use of the POS in the record to its eventual application in the nursing process]. PMID- 6787276 TI - [The effect of the POS on nursing. A discussion]. PMID- 6787277 TI - [Nursing plan concerning enema administration: clinical cases]. PMID- 6787278 TI - [Instructional approach to colostomy patients with difficulties with enema administration]. PMID- 6787279 TI - [Instruction in enema administration for colostomy patients with various difficulties]. PMID- 6787280 TI - [Bedside nursing. Home nursing of a patient desiring euthanasia]. PMID- 6787281 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance in oral feeding and psychosomatic development of a child with severe cleft palate]. PMID- 6787282 TI - [Bedside nursing. Innovation of comfort of patients after total hip replacement]. PMID- 6787283 TI - [A lesson from a patient who maintained his own value judgment to the end]. PMID- 6787284 TI - [Good-bye, Tomo-chan--death of a 7-year-old girl in a pediatric ward]. PMID- 6787285 TI - [A life of a nurse at a scene of life and death. 5. Progression from practical nursing to registered nursing]. PMID- 6787286 TI - [Introduction to computers. 5. Theories of computers]. PMID- 6787287 TI - [Sex in clinical medicine. 16. Sex of the aged]. PMID- 6787288 TI - [Prophylaxis of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6787289 TI - [Disinfection and sterilization - the purpose of the procedure]. PMID- 6787290 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms Jiwan Kala Rai of Nepal who is studying ICU nursing in Japan]. PMID- 6787291 TI - [Japanese in Argentina. 5. The initial experiences at assistance in surgery and delivery]. PMID- 6787292 TI - Inhibition by SKF 525-A of 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation in microsomal and the reconstituted monooxygenase systems from PCB-treated rat livers. AB - Addition of diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate-HCl (SKF 525-A) to the incubation mixture containing liver microsomes or purified cytochrome P-450 (PCB P-450) from PCB (KC-500)-treated rats resulted in non-competitive inhibition of 7 ethoxycoumarin O-deethylation activity whereas the addition to the incubation mixture containing purified cytochrome P-448 (PCB P-448) showed a competitive inhibition. Fortification of PCB-induced microsomes with purified NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase enhanced the O-deethylation activity. With the reductase-fortified microsomes, SKF 525-A inhibited the O-deethylation in a competitive manner. Based on these results, we confirmed that SKF 525-A inhibits non-competitively and competitively, depending on the species of cytochrome P 450. Our results also support the view that in microsomes from PCB-treated rats, PCB P-450 rather than PCB P-448 is mainly involved in the O-deethylation reaction, presumably due to the presence of a limited amount of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in microsomes. PMID- 6787294 TI - Effect of sodium dipropylacetate on conflict behavior in rats. PMID- 6787293 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesizing enzymes by haptoglobin and plasma of rats with inflammation. AB - Administration of carrageenin or adjuvant to rats to induce inflammation produced increases in the plasma haptoglobin level. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the activity of the plasma inhibitor of prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Partially purified haptoglobin inhibited the microsomal over-all conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2. The addition of the haptoglobin inhibited two heme dependent reactions catalyzed by a purified enzyme of seminal vesicle microsome, i.e., the prostaglandin G2 synthesis from arachidonic acid and the conversion of prostaglandin G2 to H2. However, the plasma inhibitory activity was accounted for only partially by the haptoglobin contained in the plasma from treated rats. PMID- 6787295 TI - [Ventilatory responses to exercise in the athlete and healthy subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787297 TI - Carcinogenicity of aflatoxicol in Fischer 344 rats. AB - Aflatoxicol (AFL), a metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), is formed in vitro by liver preparations from several species including humans. A positive correlation appears to exist between the sensitivity of a species to AFB1 and the species ability to metabolize AFB1 to AFL. Conversion of AFB1 to AFL is, therefore, a questionable detoxification step. The carcinogenicity of a diastereoisomeric mixture of AFL, prepared chemically from AFB1, was compared to AFB1 by tumor incidences being determined in 4 groups of 20 weanling male F344 rats fed either a negative control diet with no aflatoxin, a positive 50-ppb AFB1 control diet, a 50-ppb AFL diet, or a 200-ppb AFL diet for 1 year and then killed at the end of the 2d year. The respective hepatocellular carcinoma incidences were 0, 40, 20, and 70%, demonstrating that AFL is carcinogenic in the rat. The data show that a diastereoisomeric mixture of AFL is one-half as carcinogenic as AFB1, and the dose response appeared nearly linear in that a fourfold increase in dose produced a 3.5-fold increase in tumor incidence. The data did not establish unequivocally that AFL is a proximate carcinogen, but metabolism of AFB1 to AFL should not be considered an efficient detoxification reaction. PMID- 6787296 TI - Mediator production and tumorigenesis of murine monocyte lines. AB - A murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1 (PD1) and its subline PD2 were studied for mediator production and also for tumorigenic properties. When PD1 cells were cultured in a medium containing 5% fetal calf serum, the culture supernatants exhibited potent interleukin 1 (IL1) activity (also termed lymphocyte-activating factor). IL1 activity produced in unstimulated cultures was predominantly of a low-molecular-weight species (mol wt, 13,000-16,000), but in PD1 cultures stimulated with 10-20 microgram lipopolysaccharide/ml a major IL1 activity was associated with a substance(s) of 65,000-75,000 in molecular weight. The PD1 cell line was nontumorigenic in normal female, syngeneic, inbred DBA/2J mice but produced progressively growing tumors in animals that had been immunosuppressed by 450-rad whole-body X-irradiation and treatment with antithymocyte serum. Inoculation with PD1 failed to produce tumors in athymic nude mice, and the spleens of nude mice that rejected PD1 grafts contained significant levels of a theta-positive cell population(s). PD2, a nonadherent and nonphagocytic subline of PD1, produced very little IL1 but instead produced a potent lymphocyte inhibiting factor in vitro. The PD2 cell line was highly tumorigenic in syngeneic DBA/2J hosts. These results indicated a direct association between tumorigenicity and the type of mediators produced by these murine macrophage cell lines. PMID- 6787298 TI - Surface characteristics of carbonic-anhydrase-rich cells in turtle urinary bladder. AB - Addition of a disulfonic stilbene, 4-acetamido 4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene (SITS), to the serosal side of the turtle bladder blocks the efflux of bicarbonate ions from the acidifying cells and thereby inhibits hydrogen ion secretion into the luminal solution. Because SITS has little effect on other transport systems, we used it to define the relationship between hydrogen ion secretion (JH) and the different cell types facing the luminal surface. Cells were identified by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and by histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA). SEM revealed that SITS caused marked alterations in luminal surface characteristics of a cell population with prominent microplicae. Two hours after the serosal addition of SITS, cells with identifiable microplicae had decreased from 12.7 to 0.5% of total cells. TEM studies and CA histochemistry showed that the number of cells rich in CA (CA cells) remained the same, whereas the individual luminal surface areas of a subpopulation of CA cells had decreased markedly. A comparison of the distribution of individual surface areas of cells with microplicae and CA cells revealed that the CA cells with large surface areas corresponded to the cells with microplicae and that both were affected by the serosal addition of SITS. Acetazolamide, which also inhibits JH, caused similar changes. The luminal addition of SITS and an inactive analogue of acetazolamide, which have no effect on JH, did not alter surface morphology, These results indicate that the CA cell with microplicae represents the active state of the hydrogen ion secreting cell. PMID- 6787299 TI - [Heavy alpha-chain disease]. PMID- 6787301 TI - Surgical applications of CO2 laser in otolaryngology. PMID- 6787300 TI - Interaction of CO2 laser and soft tissue. The basic mechanism of the carbon dioxide laser irradiation of the soft tissue. PMID- 6787302 TI - [Cancer--have we surrendered helplessly?]. PMID- 6787303 TI - [Survey of cancer research in the Federal Republic of Germany]. PMID- 6787305 TI - [Results in the campaign against leukemia in childhood]. PMID- 6787304 TI - [Construction and extension of tumor centers for the control of cancer]. PMID- 6787306 TI - [Practical report from Switzerland: activities of the health nurse in oncology - inside the hospital - outside the hospital]. PMID- 6787308 TI - [Preparation for nursing practice in the USA]. PMID- 6787307 TI - [Guide through social legislation]. PMID- 6787309 TI - [Mental status of the patient prior to surgery and at induction. 2. An experimental study based on patient interviews]. PMID- 6787310 TI - [What does "Health for Everyone" mean?]. PMID- 6787311 TI - [Obesity and hunger]. PMID- 6787312 TI - [Male and female community health nurses. A professional image from Switzerland]. PMID- 6787313 TI - [Health education assistants; continued education in the German Federal Republic]. PMID- 6787315 TI - [Part of patient care planning--the initial interview. 1]. PMID- 6787314 TI - [Nurse Practitioners for community health education in the USA]. PMID- 6787316 TI - [Continued education for pediatric nurses in the social and the special education field]. PMID- 6787317 TI - [The change in the hitherto usual understanding of nursing]. PMID- 6787318 TI - [Learning goals and functional abilities for ambulatory nursing care]. PMID- 6787319 TI - [Professional motivation and status of (pediatric) nurses in special educational institutions]. PMID- 6787320 TI - [Self-help groups - supplementary help]. PMID- 6787321 TI - [Part of patient care planning--the initial interview. 2]. PMID- 6787322 TI - [Pedagogical bases of a professional education]. PMID- 6787323 TI - [Patients and their roles. 1]. PMID- 6787324 TI - [Relationship with mentally handicapped people]. PMID- 6787325 TI - [Intramural work with the handicapped]. PMID- 6787326 TI - [Nursing research: a contribution from the USA]. PMID- 6787327 TI - Nutritional evaluation in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). AB - Four cotton-top tamarins were fed a commercial biscuit diet and three others a commercial canned diet for 12 weeks. Thereafter, all seven were fed a purified diet for 12 weeks. General health, body weight, food intake, fecal output, serum biochemistry, blood count, and colonic histopathology were evaluated at various times during the experiments. The diets did not affect these parameters except the purified diet was associated with relatively reduced fecal output. Diarrhea and chronic colitis occurred independently of the diet in three tamarins in the course of the study. PMID- 6787328 TI - Supplemental feeding of marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) triplets. AB - In a colony of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), all fifteen infants from five sets of triplet births were successfully reared with their parents. Two supplemental feedings were given each infant daily. As an alternative to hand-rearing or foster rearing, the supplemental feeding method eliminated the time-consuming process of hand caring for an infant on a 24-hour per day basis. PMID- 6787329 TI - Dr D. Noel Raine. PMID- 6787330 TI - L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria: an inborn error of metabolism? AB - A 5-year-old boy, excreting large amounts of 2-hydroxyglutaric acid in the urine (3.3-7.6 mmol/l), is described. The patient presented with psychomotor retardation and dystrophy. His skeletal age was delayed. The EEG was not well differentiated; it resembled that observed in 2-year-old children. There was a severe anaemia, which reacted well to iron supplements. The 2-hydroxyglutaric acid was found to have the L-configuration, as analysed by capillary gas chromatography of the O-acetylated di-(-)-2-butyl ester derivative. The relation of L-2-hydroxyglutarate excretion to known metabolic pathways is discussed. PMID- 6787331 TI - Is pyruvate carboxylase involved in the renal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate? AB - The co-existence of a hereditary defect of pyruvate carboxylase activity along with proximal renal tubular acidosis in several patients prompted the following theories: (1) Some of the bicarbonate which is normally reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate is trapped in the mitochondria by pyruvate carboxylase in the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate. The subsequent conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenol pyruvate releases CO2 in the cytosol. (2) The trapping of HCO-3 by pyruvate (or other carboxylases) provides an important route for the recovery of filtered HCO-3. (3) The process of trapping HCO-3 from the glomerular filtrate followed by release of CO2 in the cytosol contributes to the apparently high RQ of kidney, since the CO2 does not originate from a metabolic fuel. (4) Lactate and possibly other fuels are actively taken up by the kidney and are used as energy sources. Diversion of lactate for gluconeogenesis may contribute to the "excess substrate uptake" phenomenon. (5) It is possible that some of the glucose which is synthesized in the cortex is used for glycolysis in the medulla. Conversely, lactate produced in the medulla may be available to the cortex for bicarbonate trapping and thus for gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6787332 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of I-cell disease by measuring altered alpha-mannosidase activity in amniotic fluid. AB - Prenatal diagnoses of I-cell disease were carried out by examination of the amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic cells in four cases of high-risk pregnancy in three different families. Three of the four fetuses were diagnosed as having I cell disease, on the basis of observation of abnormally increased activity of lysosomal acid hydrolases in the amniotic fluid and their decreased activity in cultured amniotic cells, thus leading to therapeutic abortion. alpha-Mannosidase in the amniotic fluid of the fetuses with I-cell disease exhibited significant alterations in pH profile Km value, thermal stability and isoelectric focusing pattern, compared with the enzyme in normal controls. The results indicate that prenatal diagnosis of I-cell disease may be accomplished by demonstration of altered enzymological characteristics of alpha-mannosidase in the supernatant of amniotic fluid. The significance of the alteration of alpha-mannosidase in the amniotic fluid is not known. PMID- 6787333 TI - Phenylketonuria: past, present, future. F. P. Hudson Memorial Lecture, Leeds, 1979. PMID- 6787335 TI - Uptake of lysosomal enzymes by human fibroblasts: lack of uptake of fungal or plant glycosidases in comparison with a mammalian enzyme. AB - alpha-Galactosidase from human placenta was actively taken up by cultured fibroblasts from patients with Fabry's disease whereas the enzyme from the fig was not absorbed. alpha-Glucosidase from two microbiological sources. A. fumigatus and A. niger, was not taken up by cultured fibroblasts from patients with Pompe's disease. PMID- 6787334 TI - Inherited metabolic disease in laboratory animals: a review. AB - Research on the screening for and study of animal models of inherited metabolic disease is reviewed. It is emphasized that an animal model, to be of value, must be an inherited deficiency of the same enzyme as the one deficient in the human syndrome. If this criterion is adhered to there is a remarkable identity in aetiology between animal and man. Specific examples of inherited metabolic disease in laboratory animals are described for: amino acid metabolism; lysosomal storage diseases, carbohydrate metabolism, transport disorders and trace element metabolism; the mutants found in mice being the easiest to manipulate biochemically and genetically. There is still a lack of adequate screening programmes for animal homologues of the more serious human inborn errors (such as lysosomal storage diseases) where laboratory studies could provide significant advances in therapy. PMID- 6787337 TI - Abnormal copper metabolism in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Wilson's disease. AB - Skin fibroblasts derived from patients with Wilson's disease have, under certain conditions, elevated concentrations of copper. However, the levels of intracellular copper varied from one experiment to another and the reason for this inconsistency has not yet been determined. 64Cu retention after 24 hours and its release in "chase" experiments was not abnormal, thus distinguishing these fibroblasts from Menkes' syndrome fibroblasts. The data provides evidence that the mutant gene responsible for Wilson's disease is expressed in fibroblasts under certain conditions. PMID- 6787336 TI - Diet termination in children with phenylketonuria: a review of psychological assessments used to determine outcome. AB - This paper reviews the 19 published studies that have utilized psychological assessments in determining the outcome of children with phenylketonuria who have discontinued a phenylalanine-restricted diet. About half the studies showed that, after diet termination, the intellectual performance of children decreased, while the other studies indicated that the intellectual performance of the children did not change. Difficulties in the use of intelligence tests to answer questions about diet termination are outlined. Due to the methodological difficulties and the varying results reported, the issue concerning the safety of diet discontinuation remains unresolved. The conclusion is that the task now is to differentiate those children who should remain on the diet from those who may safely terminate. PMID- 6787338 TI - Variation of urinary excretion of aspartylglucosamine and associated clinical findings in aspartyglucosaminuria. AB - The urinary excretion of aspartylglucosamine (AADG), the main accumulating glycoprotein degradation product in aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU), was studied in 40 patients at various stages of the disease. Only slight variation was found when the amount of AADG excreted by ten AGU patients under 10 years of age was compared with AADG excretion of older patients at a clinically advanced stage of the disease. The 24h AADG excretion of the younger patients was 354 mg compared with 441 mg in the group of ten patients over 20 years of age. Clinical symptoms were unrelated to AADG excretion. PMID- 6787339 TI - Alopecia in association with a carboxylation defect. PMID- 6787340 TI - Treatment of cyanide poisoning. PMID- 6787341 TI - Perioperative total parenteral nutrition in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 6787342 TI - Peritoneal clearance of bacteria in the tumor-bearing mouse. PMID- 6787343 TI - Effects of hypertonic mannitol on oxygen utilization in canine hind limbs following shock. PMID- 6787344 TI - Idiopathic lactic acidosis. PMID- 6787345 TI - Identification of estradiol produced by Sertoli cell enriched cultures during incubation with testosterone. PMID- 6787346 TI - Reconstitution of binding protein dependent ribose transport in spheroplasts derived from a binding protein negative Escherichia coli K12 mutant and from Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Highly purified ribose-binding protein from Escherichia coli has been used to reconstitute binding-protein-dependent ribose transport in spheroplasts derived from a binding-protein-deficient mutant of E coli K12, and in spheroplasts derived from Salmonella typhimurium. The cross-species reconstitution was nearly as efficient as the reconstitution of the E coli strain from which the binding protein was derived. Antibody raised against the ribose binding protein completely prevented reconstitution, whereas it had no effect on whole cells. The reconstitution procedure has been improved by generating spheroplasts from cells grown in a rich medium and by reducing the background uptake in spheroplasts through a special washing procedure. Rapid purification of ribose binding protein by high pressure liquid chromatography is also described. PMID- 6787347 TI - [Theory and practice of total parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6787348 TI - [Nursing of a patient undergoing intravenous hyperalimentation]. PMID- 6787349 TI - [Monoclonal IgG lambda paraprotein, Fanconi's syndrome of the adult, and osteomalacia (author's transl)]. AB - The case here reported of 72 year-old female with osteomalacia in whom an adult's Fanconi's syndrome with distal tubular involvement and a monoclonal IgG lambda paraprotein were discovered. There was urinary excretion of lambda light chains without evidence of myeloma or amyloidosis. Such apparently unrelated entities might be subject to an unitary pathophysiological approach: the nephrotoxicity of light chains could cause a Fanconi's syndrome, which in turn would give rise to osteomalacia through phosphate depletion. It is noteworthy that in this patient the urinary excretion of light chains was of the lambda type, in contrast to similar cases described in the literature which presented mostly kappa chains. The likelihood of this patient developing myeloma or amyloidosis at a later stage is discussed. PMID- 6787350 TI - Pharmacologic management of reversible obstructive airways disease. PMID- 6787351 TI - Temporary artificial obstruction of the nose and changes in gas exchange in the blood. AB - A group of 31 subjects were subjected to complete artificial obstruction of the nose for a period of one hour. Their ages ranged from 14 to 16 years. Prior to the experiment the subjects were found to be healthy. During the nasal obstruction there was a fall in pO2 and an increase in pCO2 due to the hindered ventilation. PMID- 6787352 TI - Hormonal changes in human leprosy. PMID- 6787353 TI - [Varicocele--hormonal values, ejaculate biochemical parameters and spermiograms prior to and after operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787354 TI - [The significance of the mode and site of blood sample taking in the determination of acid-base balance and the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787355 TI - The relationship between levels and rates of synthesis of polyamines during mammalian cell cycle. PMID- 6787356 TI - A new receptor nomenclature. PMID- 6787357 TI - Thyrotropin releasing factor: a putative CNS regulator of the autonomic nervous system. PMID- 6787358 TI - Short-term alteration of MAO activity after translocation of calcium in human blood platelets. PMID- 6787359 TI - Effect of phagocytosis and ionophores on release and metabolism of arachidonic acid from human neutrophils. AB - Challenge of human neutrophils prelabeled with [3H] arachidonate and [14C] palmitate or [14C]-stearate with opsonized zymosan or the Ca2+ ionophores A23187 or Ionomycin caused the release of [3H], but not [14C], fatty acid. With the ionophores, but not zymosan, considerable conversion of the [3H] arachidonate to hydroxyeicosatetraenoates occurred. Although various isomers were recovered, the 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoate appeared to be the major product. In these experiments, no [14C] products were detected such as lysophospholipid, diglyceride or monoglyceride. Although no definite statement can be made about the mechanism of release of arachidonate, our data are most easily interpreted as the result of the action of a phospholipase A2. PMID- 6787360 TI - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of arachidonic acid: formation of macrolides. AB - In the presence of iodide and hydrogen peroxide, lactoperoxidase catalyzed the conversion of arachidonic acid into several iodinated products; the major one was previously identified as an iodo-delta-lactone. Two minor and less polar products have now been characterized as 15-iodo-14-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, omega lactone and 14-iodo-15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid, omega-lactone, on the basis of 125I incorporation, mass spectrometry, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and chemical modifications. PMID- 6787361 TI - Abuse and neglect of parents by professionals. PMID- 6787362 TI - A developmental approach to physical assessment. PMID- 6787363 TI - Bridging cultures. Arab American women and their birth experiences. PMID- 6787364 TI - Identifying the emotional needs of the hospitalized child. PMID- 6787365 TI - Enhancing couple relationship during prenatal and postnatal classes. PMID- 6787366 TI - The nurse: a member of the school team. PMID- 6787367 TI - Administering injections to different-aged children. PMID- 6787368 TI - Newborn feeding behaviors and attaching. PMID- 6787369 TI - MCN pharmacopoeia: ritodrine. PMID- 6787371 TI - Our observations and knowledge, when coupled with personal experience, determine the critical decisions we make. PMID- 6787370 TI - The research question. PMID- 6787372 TI - Changing the system to meet the needs of patient and nurse. PMID- 6787374 TI - MCN keys to research. Research designs: descriptive method. PMID- 6787373 TI - Portrait of MCN subscribers. PMID- 6787375 TI - Battered and pregnant. PMID- 6787376 TI - The fetal alcohol syndrome: cause for concern. PMID- 6787377 TI - Death of an infant. PMID- 6787379 TI - Annie is alone: the bereaved child. PMID- 6787380 TI - Dopamine in pediatric therapy. PMID- 6787378 TI - The child is dying: who helps the family? PMID- 6787381 TI - The frog family books: color the pictures "sad" or "glad". PMID- 6787382 TI - [Prospects for using liposomes in experimental clinical radiology]. PMID- 6787383 TI - [The psychological and relational significance of clothing in the care of long term psychiatric hospital patients]. PMID- 6787384 TI - [Valium-aspegic association. Its value in a remote medical unit (author's transl)]. AB - An efficient narco-analgesia is given by the association of two drugs: -- diazepam (Valium): a benzodiazepine with an anxiolytic and myoresolutive effect, inducing sleep and giving amnesia; -- lysine acetylsalicylate (Aspegic) giving an analgesia inferior to that of morphinomimetic drugs but not inducing respiratory depression. These two drugs are given in an intravenous catheter. Their effects last about 20 minutes - vomiting is rare. The authors report their experience of 50 cases and think that this technique is recommended in remote medical units for moderately painful and short duration operations. PMID- 6787385 TI - [Long-term tolerance and effect of isosorbide-5-mononitrate in comparison to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN retard) in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 6787386 TI - Ontogenesis of brown adipose tissue thermogenesis in the rabbit. AB - Basal and norepinephrine (NE) stimulated oxygen consumption was measured in BAT cells isolated from fetal and newborn rabbits at 24, 28, and 31 days gestation, and 3 and 10 days postnatal age. Maximum catecholamine stimulated respiration was measured at a final NE concentration of 10(-6) M. Cell diameter, calculated cell volume and mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha GPD) were also determined at each age. Basal respiration increased continuously during fetal and neonatal life from a mean (+/- SEM) of 12.2 +/- 0.4 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 24 days gestation to a mean of 70.5 +/- 4.2 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 24 days gestation to 670.5 +/- 60.4 mul O2/10(6) cells . hr at 31 days. A further increase of 30% measured at 10 days of age was also observed. BAT mitochondrial alpha GPD activity was several fold greater than that measured in liver. Both cell size and enzyme activity increased in parallel to increasing respiratory response to NE. We conclude from this data that the maturation of catecholamine stimulated BAT thermogenesis occurs primarily in the fetus prior to delivery. This increase is associated with both an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activity and an increase in cell size. PMID- 6787387 TI - Twenty-four hour variations of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII-related antigen in diabetic retinopathy. AB - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) could play a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy. It has been suggested that its biologic activity is controlled by hormonal and metabolic mechanisms. To verify this hypothesis, vWF was monitored over a 24 hr period in 9 insulin treated patients with diabetic retinopathy, together with factor VIII-related antigen (VIII-RAG), plasma glucose, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin. vWF levels oscillated during the 24 hr, the mean values being higher during the day than at night-time, p less than 0.01. Compared to a group of normal controls in whom blood samples were taken randomly between 9.00 and 13.00, the levels of vWF were significantly increased at 11.00, p less than 0.02, and at 13.00, p less than 0.02, but at no other time. VIII-RAG values were also higher during the day than at night-time, p less than 0.01. The mean 24 hr levels of vWF correlated with those of VIII-RAG, p less than 0.01, with the age of the patients, p less than 0.01, and with the duration of disease, p less than 0.01. The levels of plasma glucose were higher during the day, while GH and prolactin rose at night-time. No correlations were found between vWF or VIII-RAG and plasma glucose, GH or prolactin, nor between the mean 24 hr levels of all these parameters and ponderal index, daily insulin dose, degree of metabolic control, severity of retinopathy. Insulin treated diabetics with microangiopathy show circadian variations in their plasma concentrations of vWF and VIII-RAG which should be taken into account when measuring these factors for clinical or research purposes. PMID- 6787388 TI - Alanine turnover in the postabsorptive state and during parenteral hyperalimentation before and after surgery. AB - Influence of total parenteral nutrition and operation on alanine turnover and venous alanine concentration was determined in 5 patients with stomach carcinoma using single technique of U-14C alanine. Every patient served at his own control. In the postabsorptive state alanine turnover was 1.63 +/- 0.31 mgatC . min-1, not different from a control group (1.84 +/- 0.60 mgatC . min-1); during total parenteral nutrition alanine turnover increased to 3.21 +/- 0.5g mgatC . min-1 with a rise in alanine concentration from 0.96 +/- 0.17 mgatC . L-1 + 0.69 +/- 0.22 mgatC . L-1. After surgery during the same total parenteral nutrition alanine turnover increased further to 3.78 +/- 0.17 mgatC . min-1 with a lowering of alanine concentration to 1.44 +/- 0.22 mgatC . L-1. The present results show the distinct influence of TPH on alanine kinetics. The present data indicate that alanine turnover cannot be deduced from blood alanine concentration. PMID- 6787389 TI - Economic evaluation of effectiveness in health care delivery. PMID- 6787390 TI - Selection for purine regulatory mutants in an E. coli hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase double mutant. AB - We have studied the relationship betwen purine salvage enzymes, 6-mercaptopurine resistance, and the purR phenotype in E. coli. Mutants resistant to 6 mercaptopurine were found to have defects in HPRT, the purR repressor, or in both. Analysis of these mutants led to the isolation of a hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase double mutant (hpt- gpt-) that is extremely sensitive to adenine. Two classes of adenine resistant mutants were isolated from this strain. The first class was deficient in APRT (apt-) while the second class represented purine regulatory mutants (purR-). There is thus selection for the purR phenotype in a hpt- gpt- background. PMID- 6787391 TI - The recombinational analysis of aberrations and the position of the notch locus on the polytene chromosome of Drosophila. AB - The recombinational analysis of heterozygotes for a point-mutant N and a deficiency N suggests that the map region approximated by the interval fa to nd2 is at the right edge of salivary band 3C7 or in the interband to the right. The map region N55ell to fa can be anywhere between the left-interband and the right edge of 3C7. We discovered that small inversions also can be used in the recombinational analysis, and the inversion data support the conclusions already described. The reactivation of latent mutability in a Notch inversion resulted in reinversion of the original aberration, followed by reversion of N to N+. From the same Notch inversion, we isolated a spontaneous deficiency superimposed upon the original aberration, which supported our hypothesis that two of our w to N deficiencies probably originated as deficiencies superimposed upon inversions. PMID- 6787392 TI - torpid a new sex-linked paralytic mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A new temperature-sensitive paralytic locus on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster called torpid is described. Mosaic analysis shows that the focus of defect in torp lies in the presumptive neural region of the blastoderm. Electrophysiological tests indicate that the excitability of the cervical axons is lowered at elevated temperatures. PMID- 6787393 TI - A gustatory mutant of Drosophila defective in pyranose receptors. AB - Mutations in an X-linked gene, gust-A, block the responses of Drosophila melanogaster to a group of pyranose sugars. It is shown that the behavioural effects of this mutation are correlated with a loss of electrical responses in taste receptors. The mutation affects the chemoacceptors for pyranose sugars leaving the furanose acceptors intact. PMID- 6787394 TI - Effect of irgasan on bacterial growth and its adsorption into the cell wall. AB - Isolated cell walls and whole cells of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were shown to adsorb irgasan, with P. aeruginosa adsorbing the greatest amount of irgasan per microgram of cell wall and whole cell tested. The drug uptake displayed by both cell walls and whole cells appears to be by diffusion. Although P. aeruginosa revealed the highest affinity for the bisphenol of the three organisms tested, it was most resistant to its antibacterial action. These results indicated that the lipid content of the cell wall may be responsible for the degree of adsorption and resistance since P. aeruginosa showed the most adsorption, resistance and the highest cell wall lipid content of the three micro organisms tested. PMID- 6787395 TI - Sexual spheroid formation in Volvox carteri f. nagariensis lyengar induced by phenolic extracts. AB - Substances extracted with a phenolic reagent mixture form spheroids of volvox carteri f. nagariensis have been shown to induce the formation of sexual spheroids. Analysis of the cultures from which the phenolic extracts were prepared implicated the glycoprotein sex hormone as the inducing substance present in potent extracts. Phenolic extracts were shown to interact with calf thymus histones such that, when the two were mixed, the extract-histone complex formed and the induction potency increased 100-fold or more. Assays of both effects are described. Differences in the physical properties and activities of the sex hormone present in male sexual fluids and the inducing substance in phenolic extracts are discussed with reference to some effects the extraction process may have on the inducer. PMID- 6787396 TI - Problems associated with long-term hospitalization of antenatal patients. PMID- 6787398 TI - Treatment of lactose intolerance. PMID- 6787397 TI - Isolation of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup one) from shower-water in Ballarat. AB - Five non-fatal cases of Legionnaires' disease occurred during 1979 and 1980 among patients living in Ballarat. The distribution of the dates of onset was sporadic, and no patient could be considered to have been at risk from faulty air conditioning equipment; however, two of these patients, both female, had been resident, on separate occasions, in the reception ward of a long-stay institution during the incubation period of their illnesses. A fourfold rise in antibodies to the Philadelphia strain of Legionella pneumophila (serogroup 1) was demonstrated in all five of these patients, and subsequent examination of water in the shower block of the reception ward yielded a strain of the same serotype of L. pneumophila. PMID- 6787399 TI - Gonadal function in pediatric patients following treatment for Hodgkin disease. AB - Gonadal function was assessed by determination of the serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in 24 children and adolescents 6-98 months after completion of treatment for Hodgkin disease that included pelvic irradiation and/or combination chemotherapy. Four of the five women and six of the nine men who received pelvic irradiation had elevations of serum FSH. Nine of these patients with an elevated FSH received combination chemotherapy in addition to pelvic irradiation. Five of seven males who received combination chemotherapy but no pelvic irradiation and were postpubertal at the time of evaluation had an elevated FSH level. Three of these five were prepubertal at the time of treatment. These results suggest that gonadal dysfunction occurred frequently among children and adolescents following treatment that included combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin disease. PMID- 6787400 TI - [Aicardi syndrome with a cell-mediated immunity defect]. PMID- 6787401 TI - [Prognosis in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 6787402 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis in the Prader-Labhardt-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 6787403 TI - [Congenital deficiency of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). Study of 3 families]. PMID- 6787405 TI - [TSH and thyroid hormone response to TRH in full-term, small-for-gestational-age, and preterm newborn infants during the first 24 hours of life]. PMID- 6787404 TI - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism. Results of screening of 20,000 newborn infants]. PMID- 6787406 TI - Further observations on calcium and other divalent cations metabolism in intact Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - The metabolism of calcium has been investigated in the Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells (ATC). ATC extrude Ca2+ actively by an energy-dependent mechanism, supported by both respiration and glycolysis. Extrusion takes place even against a very steep concentration gradient (10 mM Ca2+). Cell calcium content is decreased by monovalent cations (Na+,K+ and Li+), which act independently from their metabolic effects. La3+ inhibits ATC Ca2+ extrusion whereas Ruthenium Red slightly decreases cell calcium content. The antibiotic ionophore A 23187 strongly increases ATC Ca2+ level. the metabolism of other divalent cations (Mg2+, Sr2+ and Mn2+) has been studied. Mg2+ does not show appreciable changes in the various metabolic conditions tested, while Mn2+ and Sr2+ behave quite differently from Ca2+, suggesting a different distribution of these cations in ATC. The experimental findings indicate that Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells regulate their calcium content by mechanisms related to plasma membranes while the size and activity of mitochondrial compartment is of minor importance. PMID- 6787407 TI - Purification and properties of several transfer RNA methyltransferases from S. typhimurium. AB - A fast method for a single-step fractionation of a number of tRNA methyltransferases from Salmonella typhimurium is described. The method basically consists of ion-exchange chromatography on a phosphocellulose column and permits the separation of the enzymes forming mt6A, m1G, m5U, m7G. The enzyme fractions appear sufficiently purified to allow the estimation of some molecular and kinetic properties. The apparent KM for adenosylmethionine range between 1.5 to 3.2 X 10(-5) M, whereas KM for undermethylated tRNA range between 3.1 X 10(-5) M to 3.1 X 10(-4) M. Glycerol gradient determination indicates the following Mr for the native proteins: 25 X 10(3), 40 X 10(3), 50 X 10(3) and 65 X 10(3) for m7G-, mt6A-, m1G- and m5U-forming enzymes, respectively. A complete analysis of methylated nucleosides formed in vivo in S. typhimurium has been obtained: it also allowed us to infer the pattern of the various tRNA methyltransferases for this prokaryote. The tRNA methyltransferase forming mt6A has been isolated for the first time from any type of cell. PMID- 6787408 TI - [Effect of the deficiency of histone structural genes on their amount in Drosophila]. AB - The amount of histone structural genes was determined in heterozygotes for two different deficiencies of the histone locus of the 2nd chromosome. In case one chromosome lacks histone genes, the number of histone structural genes in the normal homologous chromosome is likely to increase by means of magnification and compensation in the same way as in the case of rRNA genes. PMID- 6787410 TI - [Differential therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 6787409 TI - [Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6787411 TI - [How dangerous are amalgam fillings?]. PMID- 6787412 TI - [Plastics in dental treatment]. PMID- 6787413 TI - [Child dentistry. An investment in the future]. PMID- 6787414 TI - [Dental surgery in hemorrhagic diatheses and anticoagulant therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with hemorrhagic diatheses occupy a special position in dental surgical treatment. For hemorrhagic diatheses of vascular origin, no special measures are necessary. The most severe hemorrhagic complications are to be reckoned with in all coagulopathies. Even if the majority of those affected are capable of carrying out substitution therapy for themselves, hospitalization is essential for the most severe types. Local measures cannot be dispensed with, especially in inhibitor hemophilias. Hemorrhage scarcely occurs after tooth extraction in patients on anticoagulant therapy who are adjusted to a Quick value of 25%. PMID- 6787415 TI - [Orofacial dysfunction syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The orofacial dysfunction syndrome is a disease which may lead to symptoms of headache because of inadequate occlusomandibular functions or autonomous muscular incoordination. However the symptoms can easily be confused with other manifestations of complaints in the head. The symptom "headache" makes interdisciplinary diagnosis obligatory, decisive importance being attributed to dentistry and oral surgery. PMID- 6787416 TI - [Plastics surgery of the face. Dental prosthetic requirements]. PMID- 6787417 TI - [Timolol reduces mortality and reinfarct in patients surviving an acute myocardial infarct. The Norwegian Multicenter Study Group]. AB - A multicenter double-blind randomized study was carried out to compare the effect of timolol (10 mg twice daily) with that of placebo in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction. Treatment was started seven to 28 days after infarction in 1884 patients (945 taking timolol, and 939 placebo), who represented 52 per cent of those evaluated for entry; the patients were followed for 12 to 33 months (mean, 17). There were 152 deaths in the placebo group and 98 in the timolol group. When deaths that occurred during treatment or within 28 days of withdrawal were considered, the cumulated sudden-death rate over 33 months was 13.9 per cent in the placebo group and 7.7 per cent in the timolol group--a reduction of 44.6 per cent (P = 0.0001). The cumulated reinfarction rate was 20.1 per cent in the placebo group and 14.4 per cent in the timolol group (P = 0.0006). We conclude that long-term treatment with timolol in patients surviving acute myocardial infarction reduces mortality and the rate of reinfarction. PMID- 6787419 TI - Cyclic hydrazides are mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6787418 TI - ICR-191 and ethyl methanesulfonate induced mutagenesis at the immunoglobulin locus in the Y5606 cultured myeloma cell line. AB - The Y5606 mouse tumor synthesizing an IgG3, lambda immunoglobulin (Ig) was adapted to continuous growth in tissue culture. The spontaneous mutation rate at the Ig locus (approximately 3 X 10(-5)/cell/generation) in this cell line was found to be less than that in other cultured mouse myeloma lines. Treatment with either ICR-191 or ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) increased the mutation rate approx. 100-fold. Spontaneous and ICR-191 induced mutants were synthetic variants that is they synthesized either heavy (H) or light (L) chains alone instead of the H and L chains synthesized by the parent. Following EMS treatment assembly variants which were synthesizing structurally altered H chains were isolated in addition to synthetic variants. The assembly variants appear to be a unique consequence of EMS mutagenesis. PMID- 6787420 TI - Halothane and non-disjunction in Drosophila. PMID- 6787421 TI - Dominant lethal testing of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene with spermatogenic cells of mice. PMID- 6787422 TI - Purine metabolizing enzymes of Plasmodium lophurae and its host cell, the duckling (Anas domesticus) erythrocyte. AB - Adenosine kinase, adenosine deaminase, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, inosine-nucleoside phosphorylase, 5'-AMP deaminase and 5'-IMP nucleotidase were identified in cell-free extracts of duckling erythrocytes; no evidence for 5'-AMP nucleotidase and xanthine oxidase activity was found. The Km values for the duckling red cell enzymes were similar to those reported for human erythrocytes. Plasmodium lophurae extracts demonstrated similar enzyme activities except for 5' AMP deaminase and 5'-IMP nucleotidase which were absent. It is proposed that during infection erythrocytic AMP is catabolized to IMP, inosine and hypoxanthine; the hypoxanthine is taken up by the plasmodium, utilized to form IMP, and this in turn is converted into adenine and guanine nucleotides. PMID- 6787423 TI - Choice of antibiotics for prophylaxis or treatment of group D streptococcal endocarditis. PMID- 6787424 TI - Hypopnea associated with acetate hemodialysis: carbon dioxide-flow-dependent ventilation. PMID- 6787425 TI - von Willebrand syndromes and mitral-valve prolapse; linked mesenchymal dysplasias. AB - We searched for mitral-valve prolapse by two-dimensional echocardiography in 15 patients with von Willebrand syndromes to test the hypothesis that this bleeding disorder is actually a mesenchymal dysplasia that resembles the heritable disorders of connective tissue. This valvular abnormality was found in nine (60 per cent) of these patients, as compared with four (13.3 per cent) of 30 sex matched and age-matched healthy controls. This difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.01). The association between these two disorders encourages a search for mitral-valve prolapse in persons with a von Willebrand syndrome. The complex of a von Willebrand syndrome and mitral-valve prolapse may be an example of a newly recognized category of related coagulation and cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 6787426 TI - The PSRO in perspective. AB - The Reagan administration has proposed a three-year phase-out of the Professional Standards Review Organization (PSRO) program. The resulting debate in the 97th Congress is focusing on conservatives' concerns that the program represents an intrusion into medical practice rather than liberals' fears that physician-based organizations will not conduct rigorous review. There are three possible future directions for PSROs: rapid elimination through budget cuts; retention of some PSROs at current budget levels, which would essentially mean slow starvation; or retention of some PSROs, with major changes in their relation to the federal government. Multiple sources of funding and a linkage of local PSRO budgets to local effectiveness could further enhance the performance of the best PSROs. As national mechanisms of health-care financing change, the role of PSROs should also change; there is a central place for physician-based review in "pro competitive" health-care-financing systems. PMID- 6787427 TI - Bernoulli's cost-benefit analysis of smallpox immunization. PMID- 6787428 TI - The role of zinc in the aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus flavus NRRL 3251 on foodstuffs. PMID- 6787429 TI - [Effect of mycotoxins on the rate of fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - The rate of fermentation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is partially inhibited by different mycotoxins. This effect is remarkable with T2-toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol, slight with aflatoxin-B1, penicillic acid and patulin. On the contrary, the butenolide appears as a stimulator of the alcoholic fermentation. PMID- 6787430 TI - Penicillium chrysogenum endophthalmitis. PMID- 6787431 TI - [Determination of glucoamylase activity using an enzyme electrode]. AB - Both, the differing definitions of glucoamylase activity and the different determination of the fragment, glucose, preclude a comparison of literature data. Specific enzymatic determination of the fragment, glucose, with an enzyme electrode is proposed. The contribution describes the manufacture of an enzyme electrode from a commercial pO2-electrode and immobilized GOD. The measurement may be carried out by kinetic determination of utilized oxygen or oxygen peroxide formed. The continuous measurement proposed for serial experiments is made via a calibration curve, whose regression coefficient was determined to be 0.999. Depending on the enzyme activity, the reaction time is between 15 s and 3 min. PMID- 6787432 TI - Cell-surface antigen distinguishes sensory and autonomic peripheral neurones from central neurones. PMID- 6787433 TI - Monoclonal antibodies that distinguish between New World species of Leishmania. PMID- 6787434 TI - Tempo and mode in hominid evolution. AB - The nature of human evolution has been viewed recently as a specific example of a more general model of evolution termed "punctuated equilibrium". The characteristics of this model are long periods of little or not evolutionary change (stasis) interspersed with periods of rapid (punctuated) morphological change. Careful analysis of the hominid fossil record over the past 4.0 million years, however, suggests no well documented examples of either stasis or punctuation. The evidence for the evolution of the hominid lineage is most reasonably interpreted by a model of more gradual change with periods of varying rates of evolution. PMID- 6787435 TI - Erythrocyte membrane sidedness in lectin control of the Ca2+-A23187-mediated diskocyte goes to and comes from echinocyte conversion. PMID- 6787436 TI - Morphology of sulfur granules produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cows. AB - A sulfur granule produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three cows was studied light- and electron-microscopically. It consisted of clumps of basophilic bacteria and eosinophilic clubs. The clubs radiated from the periphery outward. The bacteria were stained dark red by both PAS and MacCallum-Goodpasture staining. Electron-microscopically, the sulfur granule consisted of electron dense amorphous material and bacteria. The intact bacterium was about 0.45 micrometers in diameter and had an electron-dense cell wall 15 nm in width. Beneath the cell wall, moderately electron-dense fine granular material was present. The center of the bacterium was electron lucent. The club was electron dense amorphous material. Degenerative bacteria and pilus-like structures were often seen in it. In one case, clusters of bacteriophages were present in and near the degenerative bacteria. Their head was hexagonal and 40 nm in diameter. PMID- 6787437 TI - Breath-by-breath analysis of expiratory gas concentration in chickens. AB - Expiratory oxygen and carbon-dioxide concentration were analysed breath by breath in order to examine their wave forms in adult awake hens restrained in various postural positions, including supine, prone and sitting positions. Expired gas was collected at the nostril in almost all the hens. In the sitting position free from vocalization, feeding, drinking, panting, and restlessness, hens showed various forms of stable pattern of oxygen-gas curves. These forms were classified into three types, or the ascending, flat and descending types, with respect to the plateau inclination. The waves of carbon-dioxide were not always a mirror image of those of oxygen. The rate of occurrence of each type varied with the hen's postural position. The wave form was altered with the experimental body rotation of the hen. When placed between the deflections of stable pattern, the episodes of wave deformation resembling that seen at the time of uneven pulmonary ventilation in mammals could frequently be observed in any hen's posture examined. Cardiogenic oscillation appeared on the plateau of expired-gas curves. PMID- 6787438 TI - Stimulation of frequency of MEPPs at the frog neuromuscular junction by extracellular EGTA. AB - Exposure of the frog neuromuscular junction at 17 degrees C or 23 degrees C to salines with low [Ca2+], buffered with EGTA, cause mepp frequency to fall after 4 -6 min to about 20% of the control rate. Results obtained in the presence of verapamil suggest that this fall is a consequence of a lower Ca2+-influx coupled with the action of the extracellular EGTA in promoting Ca2+-efflux from the terminals. These findings confirm the suggestion that [Ca2+]i has a major role in determining mepp frequency. At 13 degrees C, the fall in mepp frequency after addition of EGTA is preceded by a transient (1--2 min) rise in mepp rate which is not present at 17 degrees C or in the presence of verapamil. This transient acceleration in spontaneous release is believed to be because EGTA promotes the emptying of a Ca2+-reservoir on or beneath the inner face of the membrane, thus causing a rapid Ca2+-efflux via the Ca2+-sensitive sites that trigger exocytosis of transmitter. The significance of the sensitivity of the response to temperature is discussed. The suppressive effect of higher temperatures can be reversed to some extent by hyperosmotic salines, an effect that may reflect the action of hypertonicity on the plasmalemma. It is concluded that the characteristics of the release system may change markedly at about 16 degrees C. Ca2+-EGTA buffers are widely used; it is suggested that extracellular EGTA can also modify [Ca2+]i in cellular systems. PMID- 6787439 TI - 2,4-dinitrophenol, lysosomal breakdown and rapid myofilament degradation in vertebrate skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The possibility that rapid Ca2+-uptake by skeletal muscle mitochondria may cause local reductions in pHi (by H+/Ca2+ exchange) and so promote lysosomal breakdown has been explored using amphibian and mammalian preparations. Recent studies suggested that such a sequence of events is possible in cardiac muscle. 2. However, extensive muscle damage can still be initiated in skeletal muscle when the mitochondria are uncoupled so that Ca2+-uptake is prevented. 3. DNP alone induces extensive myofilament degradation which is similar to that produced by A23187 and caffeine and described previously. 4. It is suggested that (a) the known action of DNP in promoting lysosomal labilization in living cells is produced by mitochondrial uncoupling and the release of stored Ca2+, (b) raised [Ca2+]i promotes lysosomal breakdown in skeletal muscle, so that the hydrolases released effect myofilament dissolution rapidly. 5. DNP also rapidly causes septation and division of the mitochondria in mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 6787440 TI - [Penicillinase-forming strains of gonococci]. PMID- 6787441 TI - Insulin 1981: which one for my patient? PMID- 6787443 TI - [Effect of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) on the EEG curves in epileptics]. AB - Clinical and electroencephalographic investigations were performed and the diphenylhydantoin level was determined in the serum in a homogenous group of 32 young males aged 20-22 years staying in hospital. The spectrophotometric determination of the drug was found to be useful. The effect of therapeutic DPH level on regression of abnormal EEG tracings was demonstrated to be statistically significant. Absence of improvement or exacerbation of EEG changes should arouse the suspicion that the levels of 10 to 20 micrograms/ml of DPH in the serum has not been attained or has been exceeded. PMID- 6787442 TI - [Effect of exercise therapy on the PH, pO2 and pCO2 of capillary blood of centrally paralyzed limbs after stroke]. AB - Gasometric determinations of pO2, pCO2 and pH were carried out in capillary blood obtained from the upper extremities before and after 10 minutes of kinesitherapy in 30 patients with hemiplegia following stroke. The determinations were done with an acid-base equilibrium analyser Radiometer Copenhagen pH M 71 MKZ. Ten minutes of kinesitherapy caused significant changes in the pH of the blood towards alkalinization, less pronounced in the paralytic extremities. However, differences in the determinations in paralytic and non-paralytic extremities were statistically not significant. These results confirm earlier observations of the authors and point out that 10 minutes of kinesitherapy seems to be the shortest times of exercise giving significant biochemical and clinical effect. PMID- 6787444 TI - [Transient blindness as a complication of vertebral angiography]. AB - The authors report two cases of cortical blindness developing immediately after vertebral angiography. Visual disturbances were not associated with other symptoms art from nuchal rigidity in one patients. In both cases, cortical blindness regressed completely. PMID- 6787445 TI - [Focal seizure misleading to brain tumor--with special reference to CT findings (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787446 TI - [Neurofibromatosis. Neurosurgical implications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787447 TI - [Thoracic neurinoma in a patient with Von Recklinghausen's disease. -A case report with review of literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787448 TI - Correlative changes in the response to castration and the onset of refractoriness in male golden hamsters. AB - This investigation was designed to determine if a correlation exists between a change in the response of the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis to castration and the onset of refractoriness in male hamsters exposed to short days (in this case LD 6:18). The castration response, here defined as a significant increase in serum gonadotropins over levels in intact males, in males exposed to short days for 2 weeks was no different from that observed in long day males. On weeks 4 and 6 the response was greatly attenuated, and on weeks 8 and 10 no castration response was observed. Refractoriness was first observed in a few animals exposed to LD 6:18 for 8 weeks, and in increasing numbers of animals on weeks 10, 12, 13 and 14 of short-day treatment. Thus, short day exposure results in a simultaneous loss of response of the hypothalamo-hypophysial axis to castration and initiation of refractoriness. PMID- 6787449 TI - In situ subcellular distribution and metabolism of progesterone, estradiol and androstenedione in the vascularly separated and isolated hypothalamus of the female rhesus monkey. AB - A neurosurgical procedure has been developed for the vascular isolation of the hypothalamus-thalamus region of the rhesus monkey brain. The circulation to the left and right halves of the hypothalamus was also isolated and each half of the hypothalamus was perfused simultaneously, but separately, with a dextran-blood solution which contained radioactive gonadal steroids. The hypothalamus in situ efficiently converted [3H]androstenedione to [3H]estrone and this aromatization was inhibited by the presence of androsta-1,4,6-triene-3,17-dione (ATD) in the perfusate. [3H]Progesterone was metabolized predominantly to 5 alpha-pregnane 3,20-dione (5 alpha-DHP) and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-ene-3-one (20 alpha-OHP). Subcellular fractionation of the hypothalamus after the in situ perfusion with [3H]-progestin or [3H]estradiol to the hypothalamus of estrogen-treated ovariectomized monkeys or oil-treated ovariectomized monkeys, respectively, indicated that the retention of [3H]estradiol in the nucleus was a saturable, limited-capacity phenomenon. No saturable subcellular distribution of [3H]progesterone or [3H]R 5020 was observed. This latter observation might be attributable to the presence of a progesterone receptor in too small a concentration to be detected by the methods used. PMID- 6787450 TI - Monoamine uptake into synaptosomes from various regions of rat brain following lithium administration and withdrawal. PMID- 6787451 TI - Biologically stable analogues of TRH with increased neuropharmacological potency. PMID- 6787453 TI - Kluver-Bucy syndrome and herpes encephalitis: case report. PMID- 6787452 TI - Modulatory interactions between norepinephrine and taurine, beta-alanine, gamma aminobutyric acid and muscimol, applied iontophoretically to cerebellar Purkinje cells. PMID- 6787454 TI - Neurosurgical admissions to the intensive care unit: intensive monitoring versus intensive therapy. AB - Among 624 consecutive admissions to a medical-surgical intensive care unit (ICU), we identified 289 patients admitted for concentrated nursing care and intensive monitoring of whom only 44 (15%) received active treatment before discharge. Within this group were 82 patients admitted after uncomplicated elective neurosurgery. Only 1 of these patients required active treatment before discharge. None had any major physiological abnormality detected by electronic monitoring, and no patient required readmission to the ICU or died during hospitalization. These 82 neurosurgical admissions accounted for 13% of the total admissions over the study period and 10.5% of the total number of ICU days. The admission of these patients to the ICU was prompted by the need for labor intensive services, such as hourly neurological checks, that were not available on the regular hospital floor. For stable postoperative neurosurgical patients, improved staffing of hospital wards could lead to a reduction in the number of admissions to the ICU. PMID- 6787455 TI - Von Recklinghausen's disease complicated by a brain tumor identified as pinealoma: case report. PMID- 6787456 TI - Demonstration of central gamma-aminobutyrate-containing nerve terminals by means of antibodies against glutamate decarboxylase. PMID- 6787457 TI - Classics in neurology. PMID- 6787458 TI - Type 2 GM1 gangliosidosis with long survival and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. AB - Neurologic deterioration began in a girl before age 2 years. By 4 she was spastic and decerebrate. GM1 gangliosidosis was diagnosed by absence of beta galactosidase activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts. She died at 17 years. Her small brain contained only 2.61 mumole glycolipid N-acetylneuraminic acid per gram, and was filled with autofluorescent material. GM1 gangliosidosis was confirmed by the presence of membranous cytoplasmic bodies, by the absence of beta-galactosidase, and by failure of complementation when the patient's fibroblasts were fused with cells from other forms of GM1 gangliosidosis. The autofluorescent material probably accumulated because of the long survival rather than the primary enzyme defect. PMID- 6787459 TI - Thyroid function and circulating antithyroid antibodies in myasthenia gravis. AB - Evaluation of thyroid function in 104 patients with myasthenia gravis by T3, T4, TBG, and TSH radioimmunoassays and the TRH-stimulation test in 47 patients disclosed thyrotoxicosis in 5.7%, preclinical hyperthyroidism probably due to autonomously functioning thyroid tissue in about 10% of patients stimulated with TRH, hypothyroidism in 1.9%, and preclinical hypothyroidism in 3.4%. Eighty-four percent were euthyroid. Antithyroid antibody activity was detected by hemagglutination tests. Twelve patients had antithyroglobulin antibodies (Tab), and 28 had antimicrosomal antibodies (Mab). Among the euthyroid myasthenic patients, 7 were Tab-positive and 20 were Mab-positive. Euthyroid antibody positive patients had a significantly higher TSH response in the TRH stimulation test and may be at high risk for hypothyroidism. PMID- 6787460 TI - Primary systemic carnitine deficiency: I. Carnitine biosynthesis. AB - [Methyl-3H]epsilon-N-trimethyl-L-lysine was administered to patients with primary systemic carnitine deficiency and to controls. In both groups, labeled carnitine appeared in blood and urine within 2 hours, and the specific radioactivity of urinary carnitine peaked between 2 and 6 hours. The specific radioactivity of serum carnitine peaked at 6 hours in the controls and in one patient, but in the other patient it rose sharply in the first 2 hours, fell slightly, and then gradually increased to a maximum at 48 hours. The 48-hour excretion of [methyl 3H]-L-carnitine was 4.4 to 6.0 muCi for the controls and 24.2 and 5.6 muCi for patients A and B, respectively. Eight other radioactive metabolites were found in urines of all subjects. Each metabolite was present in comparable amounts. Primary systemic carnitine deficiency in these patients did not result from defective biosynthesis or abnormal degradation of carnitine. PMID- 6787462 TI - The hospital experience and seizure control. AB - We studied 30 patients who were admitted to the hospital because of intractable seizures. Twenty-three had fewer seizures during one or both of the first 2 hospital weeks than before admission, although medication was not changed. The role of environment in seizure control is difficult to measure, but hospital admission itself is a form of environmental manipulation. When seizure control is achieved in the hospital, the hospital experience itself must be considered in addition to other therapeutic interventions. PMID- 6787461 TI - Amino acid abnormalities in epileptogenic foci. AB - We compared amino acid contents of 54 epileptogenic foci removed neurosurgically from temporal or frontal cortex of 35 patients with focal epilepsy with those of biopsies from the same cortical regions of 14 nonepileptic patients. Neither taurine nor GABA content was reduced in epileptogenic foci. Glycine content was elevated markedly in some foci, whereas aspartic acid content was normal. Mean glutamic acid content was significantly higher in epileptogenic foci than in control cortex, and six foci contained amounts of glutamate more than 2 SD above the control mean. Our findings do not support hypotheses that deficiencies of taurine or GABA are involved in the pathogenesis of focal epilepsy but do suggest a possible etiologic role for the excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamic acid. PMID- 6787463 TI - Suicide in United States Army personnel, 1977-1978. PMID- 6787465 TI - Low power histopathologic tissue projection. PMID- 6787464 TI - Granulocyte transfusion therapy: survival directly correlated with bone marrow recovery and the pathogenicity of the infectious organisms. PMID- 6787466 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia presenting in lymphocytic blast crisis with two Philadelphia chromosomes: case report. PMID- 6787468 TI - Endoscopic electrocoagulation of bleeding upper gastrointestinal lesions. PMID- 6787467 TI - Superficial temporal artery aneurysms: an important preoperative diagnosis. PMID- 6787469 TI - Vampire bat bites seen in humans in Panama: their characterization, recognition, and management. PMID- 6787471 TI - Construction of a soft face guard to aid in prevention of herpes labialis. PMID- 6787470 TI - Asbestos related diseases: a review. PMID- 6787472 TI - Medical evaluation of the dental patient: a science and an art. PMID- 6787473 TI - Substance abuse in the combat environment: the heroin epidemic. PMID- 6787474 TI - Mycobacteria in dental tartar. PMID- 6787475 TI - Transient bacteremia associated with debridement of decubitus ulcers. PMID- 6787476 TI - Military noise induced hearing loss: incidence and management. PMID- 6787477 TI - Massive gastrointestinal bleeding in a patient with Von Recklinghausen's disease: case report. PMID- 6787478 TI - Case for diagnosis. PMID- 6787479 TI - The painful varicocele. PMID- 6787480 TI - Importance and use of lipoprotein profiles. PMID- 6787481 TI - [Bilio-digestive shunts. Observations on 72 cases of obstructive jaundice]. AB - The Authors report their experience about 72 operations of bilio-digestive anastomosis done for obstructive icterus from 1972 to 1979, 48 of which due to pathology by neoplastic cause and 24 due to pathology by benign causes. 32 operations of bilio-jejunal anastomosis on ansa in the omega fashion have been done operations of bilio-jejunal anastomosis on Roux's ansa four of which operations of transtumoral drainage in accordance with Rodney-Smith's technic, 16 operations of bilio-duodenal anastomosis. PMID- 6787482 TI - [Blood coagulation processes in decompression sickness and hyperbaric therapy]. AB - The hyperaggregability of platelets is remarkably important in the pathogenesis of decompression sickness. The basis of this phenomenon might consist of an excessive production of metabolites of arachidonic acid (C 20:4) whose action favours aggregation (prostaglandin endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2 and Tromboxane A2) in respect of the synthesis of its derivatives exerting an antithrombotic action (prostacyclin I2). The antiaggregating therapy usually associated to the hyperbaric treatment involves administration of acetylsalicylic acid in low doses (3.5-5 mg/kg every three days), associated if necessary to dypyridamol. As a prophylaxis against thrombotic phenomena in "risky" subjects, a congruous dietetic assumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids is recommended, such as linoleic acid (C 18:2) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C 20:5) which are forerunners of anti-aggregating prostaglandin derivates. Hyperbaric oxygenation might finally lead to the production of lypid peroxides apt to inhibit the synthesis of PGI2. In such cases it is a rational procedure to administer vitamin E in high doses, as physiological antioxidant of lypids. PMID- 6787484 TI - [Hormonal response and therapeutic results in the use of tamoxifen in the induction of ovulation]. PMID- 6787483 TI - [Trial of a new spermatocidal agent in suppository form with local disinfectant action]. PMID- 6787485 TI - New Zealand committee on adverse drug reactions: fifteenth annual report 1980. PMID- 6787486 TI - Calcified pituitary prolactinoma. AB - A case of calcification in a pituitary prolactinoma is presented. Calcification was radiologically evident for 10 years and was histologically confirmed after surgery. Immunochemical staining showed prolactin only, and the calcified mass was surrounded by granulated lactotrophs without a boundary zone of tissue necrosis. PMID- 6787488 TI - Carbon dioxide laser microsurgery of the uterine tube. AB - The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser was used to perform microsurgical excision of obstructed tubal segments in rabbit and human subjects. Approximation of the freshly severed tubes by means of laser "welding" was evaluated in both groups investigated. More important, the laser beam cuts accurately and atraumatically while sealing small vascular channels. Scanning electron microscopic studies of the human fallopian tube following laser surgery were done to determine the extent of tissue injury. At a distance of 1 mm distal to the vaporization and necrotic impact zone, normal tubal anatomy was observed. Follow-up data are presented for 7 women who underwent laser beam tuboplasty between 1979 and 1980. The principle advantages of the CO2 laser are its precise control, minimal tissue injury, and hemostatic properties. PMID- 6787487 TI - Feedback effects of estradiol and progesterone upon gonadotropin and prolactin release. AB - The relationship between estradiol- and progesterone-mediated gonadotropin release and steroid-induced changes in prolactin levels was investigated in an improved human experimental model. Three women who had undergone bilateral ovariectomy were studied after they had received a subcutaneous implant of one 25 mg estradiol (E2) pellet. Serum E2 levels remained between 60 and 125 pg/ml, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were within the normal or slightly elevated range. Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were normal. Each woman received intramuscular injections of gradually increasing doses of estradiol benzoate (E2B) alone and in combination with progesterone (P) in 7 different experiments. An E2B-induced rise in E2 levels comparable to that observed at midcycle elicited a clearly defined LH surge but no change in FSH and PRL. Rising E2 concentrations followed by increasing P levels caused LH and FSH release but no change in PRL. When only P was administered or when serum P levels rose concomitantly with E2 levels, PRL and gonadotropin levels remained unchanged. These data indicate that a surge of E2 similar to that observed at midcycle triggers an acute release of LH only. Moreover, P levels commensurate with those found at mid-cycle facilitate an E2 mediated LH release and induce a concomitant peak in FSH. The lack of a significant increase in PRL levels suggests that different mechanisms are responsible for the pituitary release of PRL and gonadotropins. PMID- 6787489 TI - Rh sensitization after genetic amniocentesis. PMID- 6787490 TI - Etiology of acute salpingitis: influence of episode number and duration of symptoms. AB - The role of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the etiology and pathogenesis of acute salpingitis and its relationship to nongonococcal salpingitis were investigated. To accomplish this goal, isolated microorganisms obtained from the fallopian tubes and cul-de-sac via laparoscopy were evaluated in relation to the number of episodes of salpingitis, duration of symptoms, and phase of menstrual cycle at infection onset. The incidence of isolation of N gonorrhoeae was inversely proportional to the number of episodes of salpingitis. No isolation of the gonococcus occurred from patients with 3 or more previous episodes of salpingitis. N gonorrhoeae was the most frequent organism recovered within the initial 24 hours of symptoms. Beyond 48 hours, the most frequent isolates were anaerobic bacteria, especially anaerobic cocci. Anaerobic bacteria were also recovered from the fallopian tubes in patients having their initial episode of salpingitis and within 24 hours of onset of symptoms. All fallopian tube isolates of gonococci were recovered within 7 days of the onset of menses. PMID- 6787491 TI - [Blood diseases and oral surgery]. PMID- 6787492 TI - [Chromic anhydride in the treatment of growing lesions of the periodontium]. PMID- 6787493 TI - [Abutments for partial dentures]. PMID- 6787494 TI - [Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6787495 TI - Carbon dioxide laser surgery of the eye and adnexa. AB - A carbon dioxide laser which functions in both rapid superpulsed and continuous wave mode for use in ophthalmic surgery is described. Rapid superpulsed mode was found more effective in the creation of trabeculectomy-like procedures in glaucomatous human eyes with satisfactory results in 12 of 14 eyes treated. Continuous wave energy was found to be superior when full thickness eye wall resection was performed. The carbon dioxide laser was found to be effective in hemostatic resection and ablation of skin lesions about the eye. Rapid superpulse was found to be more effective when puckering and tissue loss were to be minimized, while continuous wave was found to be effective when shrinkage of tissue, as in the performance of a Ziegler cautery type repair for ectropion, was preferred. Rapid superpulse was found to be more controllable in experimental phacovaporization in cats with anterior capsulotomy being easily performed. Continuous wave was found to be a more efficacious modality for corneal shrinkage although attempts at present to create permanent corneal alterations have been fruitless. PMID- 6787496 TI - Learning from anesthesia mishaps: analysis of critical incidents in anesthesia helps reduce patient risk. AB - Human error and mechanical failure in anesthesia frequently cause incidents which, if not detected and corrected in time, could lead to increased patient morbidity or mortality. A study was conducted to analyze the human and technical factors that contribute to such incidents. The data thus obtained proved useful in reducing preventable anesthesia mishaps in specific institutions and generated recommendations for improving anesthesia practice in general. PMID- 6787498 TI - New emphasis in CME. PMID- 6787497 TI - A scoring system to assess preoperative anesthetic preparation. AB - To provide an objective assessment of the efficacy of preoperative medication, the chiefs of professional services and anesthesia services at Kimbrough Army Community Hospital in Maryland developed criteria and a scoring system that focused on appropriateness of preanesthesia narcotic usage. The study that was conducted revealed some problems in timing the administration of preoperative medication; however, narcotic overdose was not discovered. PMID- 6787499 TI - A concurrent surgical miniaudit procedure: use of generic outcome screening criteria to detect anesthesia and other perioperative problems. AB - Findings of a study conducted at Cottonwood Hospital, in Murray, Utah, indicated that operating room personnel wee not completing incident reports for all adverse events occurring in the operating suite. With the assistance of members of the anesthesia department, a concurrent surgical miniaudit procedure was developed based on 14 generic outcome screening criteria used to identify adverse perioperative events. The new procedure has markedly improved the rate of reporting surgery and anesthesia-related adverse incidents. PMID- 6787500 TI - Anesthesia review for small hospitals: a study focused on intraoperative and postoperative mortality. AB - Because small hospitals tend to have few members on their anesthesia services, perform less complicated and less extensive surgical procedures, use relatively straightforward anesthesia regimes, and have low anesthesia complication rates, foci for review may be difficult to identify. A review of intraoperative and postoperative mortality can be a productive approach, however. The authors provide criteria to help small hospitals identify problem areas in the delivery of anesthesia care through mortality review. PMID- 6787501 TI - Anesthesia documentation and evaluation. AB - Anesthesiologist at Maimonides Medical Center in Brooklyn, New York, have developed a series of forms that enable them to compile comprehensive data describing all phases of the anesthesia course. The data are used in evaluating care through mortality conferences and anesthesia care evaluations. Eventually, the forms will be used to produce computerized evaluations of the anesthetic management of all surgical and maternity cases. PMID- 6787502 TI - Quality assurance in the health care curriculum. PMID- 6787503 TI - On the quality of anesthesia care: an introduction to the special section. PMID- 6787504 TI - Patient care evaluation: coming of age in the 80s. PMID- 6787506 TI - Obstacles to and potentials for nursing quality appraisal. PMID- 6787505 TI - The quality of relationships. PMID- 6787507 TI - A conversation with Dr. Stanley A. Skillicorn: a leading proponent of integrated, problem-oriented quality assurance is interviewed by the QRB. Interview by Cheryl Tabatabai. PMID- 6787508 TI - A method for documenting and displaying problem-focused activities. PMID- 6787509 TI - A pilot study for reducing medication errors. PMID- 6787510 TI - Hypernasal speech following adenotonsillectomy. AB - Extensive study of 120 patients with hypernasal speech following adenotonsillectomy showed that 48 had no evidence of abnormal speech prior to surgery and 41 had minor speech anomalies exacerbated postoperatively. Thirty five patients had the classical stigma of submucous cleft palate and another 20 had occult submucous clefts. Fifty-seven of the patients had adenotonsillectomies because of recurrent middle ear effusions, but in the majority of these cases, recurrent middle ear disease continued even after surgery, probably secondary to palatal abnormalities. PMID- 6787511 TI - Flamingo forceps for use in microscopic antrostomy. AB - The Flamingo forceps is an upbiting cup forceps with an angulated shaft of 7 3/8 in for use in the maxillary sinus using the operating microscope. The design is such that the surgeon's hand is not in the line of vision and the instrument can be used on the right or left side and in various directions. PMID- 6787512 TI - Denervation, reinnervation, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. AB - This paper reviews the responses of skeletal muscle tissue to denervation, with emphasis on the area of neuromuscular junction. In reinnervation, neuromuscular synapses are formed preferentially at the site of the old motor end plate, but the de novo synthesis of new neuromuscular junctions is possible. Skeletal muscle has a good regenerative capacity, and a regenerating muscle fiber can, essentially, return to original structure and functional ability. PMID- 6787513 TI - Experimental labyrinthotomy in monkeys by argon and carbon dioxide lasers. AB - The horizontal semicircular canal of squirrel monkeys was irradiated unilaterally with either an argon or carbon dioxide laser. Postoperatively, there was a small but significant reduction in caloric-induced ENG responses to 45 degrees thermal stimulation. The principal morphologic effect of laser irradiation was a plug of fibrous tissue or new bone within the lumen of the lesioned semicircular canal. PMID- 6787514 TI - Laser photocoagulation in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. AB - Recurrent epistaxis is usually the main symptom found in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT)--Osler rendu Weber syndrome. Therapies have included intranasal cautery, septal dermoplasty, intra-arterial embolization, and arterial ligation. These procedures have met with limited success. Laser photocoagulation has achieved early success in the gastrointestinal (GI) telangiectatic lesions. In this report, cutaneous and intranasal lesions of eight HHT patients have been treated with laser photocoagulation using a flexible fiber delivery system connected to 3 W argon and 55 W neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser sources. The patients noted a great reduction in the frequency and severity of epistaxis, reduction in the need for blood transfusion, and reduction in iron therapy necessary to maintain adequate hemoglobin levels. Previously, five of these patients were considered treatment failures after extensive surgical therapy. No serious complications have been encountered. Laser photocoagulation of HHT patients appears to be a promising therapeutic advance. The progressive nature of HHT necessitates close follow-up and retreatment of new lesions as they appear. PMID- 6787515 TI - Pretreatment airway management in obstructing carcinoma of the larynx. AB - Partial endoscopic excision of obstructing laryngeal carcinoma with the CO2 laser is an alternative to emergency tracheotomy or emergency laryngectomy whenever the airway control can be initially ensured by endotracheal intubation. The practical advantages of this approach are elimination of the septic complications of tracheotomy, the opportunity for planned preoperative chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and better nutritional and psychologic preparation of the patient for surgery. PMID- 6787516 TI - Endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis with the CO2 surgical laser. AB - Recent advances in microsurgery of the larynx have heralded a new era in the endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis. The carbon-dioxide laser with bronchoscopic adapters can be successfully employed to reestablish an adequate subglottic lumen. Thirteen cases of subglottic stenosis were managed endoscopically with the carbon dioxide surgical laser. In 77% (10 of 13) of these patients, a satisfactory airway was reestablished within a one-year period. The technique of laser vaporization and the results of treatment are presented. The role of corticosteroid therapy, antibiotic therapy, tracheotomy, dilation, and laryngeal stenting is discussed. PMID- 6787517 TI - Thyroid abscess. AB - Primary thyroid abscess arising from acute suppurative thyroiditis is an unusual type of head and neck infection. Only 39 cases of thyroid abscess have been reported in the medical literature since 1950. Sixteen of these cases (41%) were in children. This presentation reports in detail two additional adult patients with thyroid abscesses. In addition, the incidence, etiology, signs and symptoms, complications, aids to diagnosis, and management are reviewed. Systemic antimicrobials combined with prompt surgical intervention will prevent the serious complications possible with this disease. PMID- 6787518 TI - Mucoepidermoid-adenosquamous carcinoma of the larynx and hypopharynx: a report of 21 cases and a review of the literature. AB - Twenty-one cases of mucoepidermoid-adenosquamous carcinoma (MEC/ASC) of the larynx and hypopharynx were collected and reviewed from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology tumor registry from 1945 to 1979. This is the largest series of such lesions in this location reported to date. In addition, the literature was reviewed and 32 previous cases noted. The overall five-year survival was 77%, although low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma had a better survival than did adenosquamous-high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 6787519 TI - Microscopic controlled excisions for epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. PMID- 6787520 TI - Emergency orbital decompression: a reprieve from blindness. AB - Orbital decompression to treat progressive loss of vision owing to long-term hormonal disease is a well-documented curative procedure. Over the past four years, two patients suffering from acute visual problems, owing to trauma and infection, have rapidly deteriorated to a no light perception visual level. In these two instances, vision was restored by timely orbital decompression. PMID- 6787521 TI - Fibromyxosarcoma of maxillary sinus: report of a case. PMID- 6787522 TI - Dermal graft for protection of the pharyngeal suture line in cancer surgery of the head and neck. AB - We studied the effect of free buried dermal grafts to primary pharyngeal closures among 24 nonirradiated patients undergoing radical head and neck surgery to determine if this technique would reduce the incidence of postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula. For a control group we selected 23 patients who had undergone similar operations as the patients in the study group, but who did not have dermis used for pharyngeal protection. Our results indicate that dermal grafts do not alter the incidence of fistulization following cancer surgery of the head and neck. PMID- 6787523 TI - The timing of surgical intervention in vocal cord paralysis. AB - Surgical alteration of the glottis for treatment of vocal cord paralysis is best deferred as long as there is a reasonable chance for spontaneous recovery. Most authors recommend waiting six to 12 months before surgery. However, the literature provides insufficient data to support this concept. This paper presents a group of patients with a thorough analysis of natural history, and other factors considered in planning surgical therapy. PMID- 6787524 TI - Evaluation of systemic absorption of intraturbinally injected triamcinolone. AB - As measured by depression of plasma cortisol following intranasal injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide, slight systemic absorption was evident after three days in approximately 60% of patients studied. However, cortisol values were not lowered below normal limits at any time. No adrenal suppression was apparent after repeated injections. Comparison is made with the effect on plasma cortisol of triamcinolone administered by intramuscular or intra-articular injection. PMID- 6787525 TI - Determination of initial immunotherapy dose for ragweed hypersensitivity with the modified RAST test. PMID- 6787526 TI - Pathophysiology of the ototoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum. AB - The electrophysiologic and histopathologic changes in the inner ear caused by the administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CP) were studied in guinea pigs. The endocochlear dc potential (EP) gradually decreased after the intravenous injection of CP and reached approximately 0 mV on the fourth day, but the EP did not become negative. The cochlear microphonics also diminished and could not be recorded on the fourth day. The negative potential of the organ of Corti remained in the normal range during the experiment. A large negative summating potential (SP) was observed one day after injection, but the amplitude of the negative SP became small on the second day. Light microscopic examination demonstrated that the outer hair cells are destroyed in the basal turn of the cochlea and are preserved in the upper turns, while the inner hair cells are almost completely preserved in all turns. The stria vascularis was found to be slightly atrophic. Severe collapse of Reissner's membrane was observed in the basal turn. PMID- 6787527 TI - Intracranial aneurysm occurring as sensorineural hearing loss. AB - Reports of sudden hearing loss as the first sign of an intracranial aneurysm are sparse and published primarily in the neurologic literature. A case report is presented in which the initial signs and symptoms of a lobular aneurysm in the posterior communicating artery were the sudden onset of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and headache. Following evaluation and identification of the aneurysm, this patient underwent a craniotomy with clipping of the aneurysm; hearing sensitivity improved dramatically following surgery. The world literature is reviewed for cases in which aneurysms have initially occurred as hearing loss, tinnitus, or both. Intracranial aneurysm is discussed as a rare, potential source of a sudden sensorineural hearing loss. PMID- 6787528 TI - Otitis media, cleft palate, and middle ear ventilation. AB - Chinchillas with unilateral tympanostomy tubes in place underwent palate-clefting in an effort to determine the histologic and bacteriologic effects of using tympanostomy tubes in the treatment of otitis media. The tympanostomy tube appeared to almost totally eliminate the occurrence of middle ear effusion but had much less, if any, effect on eliminating the middle ear inflammation which occurs in the clefted chinchilla. PMID- 6787529 TI - Results of otologic referrals in an industrial hearing conservation program. AB - Baseline and periodic audiometry was performed on noise-exposed workers in 21 industrial plants. Workers showing moderate hearing loss, asymmetry, or significant threshold shifts were referred for otologic evaluation. The overall referral rate was 2.76%. Of 107 referrals, 53% had otologic diagnoses other than noise-induced hearing loss, or required specific intervention, or both. The results support the use of criteria at least as stringent as those used in this study. PMID- 6787530 TI - Bickle knife for microsurgery. PMID- 6787531 TI - Silverstein lateral venous sinus retractor. PMID- 6787532 TI - Silverstein wrist rest. PMID- 6787533 TI - Surface-active substances of the guinea pig tubotympanum: a chemical and physical analysis. AB - An attempt to describe the nature of the surface-active substances of the eustachian tube lining layer that influence normal tubal function was undertaken. Under sterile conditions, guinea pig tubotympanic washings were collected, centrifuged, and pooled. Analysis of the pooled lavages using standard surface chemistry techniques confirmed the presence of significant surface-tension lowering activity in the mucous lining layer of the eustachian tube, but the surface pressure obtained is neither as great nor displays the same degree of hysteresis as pulmonary surfactant. Following separation into aqueous and lipid fractions, measurable amounts of surface activity can be found in both isolates. The chemical composition and concentration of the lipid fraction, and its relative contribution to the surface activity of the tubotympanic washings, however, is smaller and radically different from the phospholipids found in surfactant. A significantly higher concentration of protein was recovered in comparison with the lipid portion, and it was observed that the surface activity of the total washings and the aqueous phase bore remarkable similarities. Although the surface-tension-lowering properties of the tubal lining layer may be the consequence of a combined synergistic action of the lipid and protein moieties, we believe that the current evidence points toward the proteins as being the primary tubal surface-tension-lowering substances. PMID- 6787534 TI - Acute coalescent mastoiditis. AB - A retrospective review of 11 cases of acute coalescent mastoiditis from 1974 to 1979 is presented. The common historical data include the recent onset of purulent otitis media, which was often incompletely treated with antibiotics, and fever, lethargy, and irritability. The eardrums were red, bulging, and usually intact. A postauricular abscess was present, and the affected ear protruded downward and outward. The mastoid radiographs invariably showed cloudiness and dissolution of the air cell septations. Initial therapy included paracentesis for culture and sensitivity, and initiation of parenteral antibiotics. Surgical therapy consisted of wide myringotomy, drainage of the postauricular abscess, and complete mastoidectomy. Hearing was normal postoperatively in all cases. PMID- 6787535 TI - Hearing in adult-onset diabetes mellitus. AB - Hearing acuity and otologic symptoms were examined in 200 patients with adult onset diabetes mellitus. Data were analyzed according to sex and age and were compared with values of other documented studies; values were within normal limits except in two instances. Speech testing revealed that median speech reception thresholds and median discrimination scores were at the lower limits of normal. Hearing loss and otologic problems did not occur with any increased frequency in patients with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6787536 TI - Arachnoid cysts of the posterior fossa. AB - The clinical symptoms and signs of four patients with arachnoid cysts in the posterior fossa are discussed. In three patients, the cyst was in the internal auditory canal; one patient had an acoustic neuroma and two large cysts in the cerebellum. Whereas the conventional diagnostic tests for acoustic neuroma cannot differentiate between neuromas and arachnoid cysts, the newer thin section body scanners can show a lesion with no enhancement in the case of the cyst. Surgical approaches for removal of this lesion must take into consideration the preservation of hearing in the involved ear. PMID- 6787537 TI - Posturography. AB - Posturography is a method of measuring a patient's ability to control his balance. Currently available testing techniques may be useful to otologists, although they have not been shown to yield information beyond that obtained from other diagnostic procedures. More powerful techniques are under development, but methodologic problems remain, and none is yet ready for routine clinical use. PMID- 6787538 TI - Syndromes associated with congenital facial paralysis. AB - Thirty-five of 1,488 pediatric otologic cases had congenital facial nerve weakness. A cause was generally not found, but two probably had nuclear dysgenesis; one may have had an intracanalicular lesion; two cases resulted from teratogens, one from poor intrauterine environment, and three from genetic complications. Five had total unilateral paralysis; one had bilateral palsy. Frequent associated anomalies were microtiaatresia, hemifacial microsomia, facial clefts, Moebius syndrome, and congenital conductive sensorineural loss. PMID- 6787539 TI - Otosclerotic involvement of the cochlea: a histologic and audiologic study. AB - This study sought correlations between sensorineural hearing loss and otosclerotic endosteal involvement in 29 temporal bones examined histologically. The sensorineural hearing loss of the affected parts of the cochlea was determined by the last antemortum bone conduction audiogram available. There were eight temporal bones with only stapes footplate involvement, six with one discrete focus of otosclerotic endosteal involvement, and 15 with two or more foci of endosteal involvement. Analysis of audiometric data showed that the group of bones with two or more foci of endosteal involvement had a similar incidence of 45 dB sensorineural loss (9 of 15 or 60%) as did the group with no endosteal involvement (5 of 8 or 62%). The group with two or more foci had a greater incidence of 60 dB or greater sensorineural loss (46%) compared with the groups with none (12%) or one focus (16%) involved. Correlation between hearing loss and involvement of cochlear endosteum was poor. Correlation existed in only 2 of 15 ears with two or more foci involving the cochlear endosteum. There was no correlation in the other groups. It appears that cochlear endosteal involvement alone may not be sufficient explanation for the sensorineural hearing loss found with otosclerosis, except in the most severely involved ears. PMID- 6787540 TI - [Retroperitoneal extravasation -- rare complication with parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. AB - Hydrothorax and retroperitoneal extravasation are rare complications with parenteral nutrition. We demonstrate here a case of perforation of the iliac vein with retroperitoneal extravasation, which led to laparotomy because of signs of peritonitis. Catherization of peripheral and central veins and the complications arising are discussed. PMID- 6787541 TI - The effect of irradiation on the susceptibility of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks to Theileria parva infection. AB - Irradiation doses of 800 rad. or less had no detectable effect on the subsequent development of unfed nymphal Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. Doses of 1600 rad. or above impaired feeding and moulting and delayed the subsequent development of unfed nymphs. At 6400 rad. no ticks completed their moult. Unfed nymphal R. appendiculatus irradiated at 0, 400, 800 and 1600 rad. were applied to 3 cattle infected with T. parva (Kiambu 4). The Theileria infections in the salivary glands of the resultant adult ticks were assessed and it was found that irradiation doses of 800 rad. or less had little effect on the Theileria infections, but an irradiation dose of 1600 rad. greatly reduced the level of infection. The numbers of salivary gland acini in ticks of this group were reduced but the percentage of infected acini was similar. PMID- 6787542 TI - Effect of folic acid deficiency on nonspecific immunity (phagocytic activity and nitroblue - tetrazolium reduction). AB - Fifty three critically ill patients (two of the following criteria : thyroxin - binding - prealbumin less than or = to 24 mg/dl, creatinin - height - index less than or = to 80 percent and transferrin less than or = to 225 mg/dl) were divided into two groups according to the level of folic acid (FA). Group A consisted of 29 with FA less than or = to 3 ng/ml and group B of 24 with FA greater than 3 ng/ml. The phagocytic activity (PA) was significantly lower in group A and significantly corrected by AB sera, whereas the NBT reduction capacities were within the normal range. A correlation is shown between PA and level of FA as well in autologous sera as in AB sera. PMID- 6787543 TI - [Tracheopathia osteochondroplastica]. PMID- 6787544 TI - Stimulatory effect of theophylline on regulation of fetal breathing movements. AB - We have performed the fetal CO2 response test on eight mature lambs in utero and have found that theophylline is a respiratory stimulant over a wide range of PaO2 and pHa. Theophylline produces significant increase in slope of P100, Pmax, and VEq response curves and significant increase in P100, Pmax, f, and VEq responses at PaCO2, 65 torr. It also produces significant lowering of the naturally high fetal absolute threshold to CO2, i.e., PaCO2 at which breathing starts during the CO2 test. "Offset" threshold, i.e., PaCO2 when breathing stops after the test, is the same with and without theophylline and equal to absolute threshold with theophylline. Our studies indicate that: (1) theophylline lowers fetal threshold and increases sensitivity to CO2; (2) increased sensitivity is expressed mainly by heightened Pmax (i.e., the equivalent of tidal volume) with some contribution of f particularly at high PaCO2; (3) decreased CO2 threshold is best assessed by determination of absolute threshold rather than the conventional x-axis intercept method; (4) the low offset threshold is consistent with our understanding that arousal is a requisite for generation and maintenance of fetal breathing; (5) theophylline is as effective a respiratory stimulant during fetal acidemia and hypoxemia as it is under normal conditions; and (6) a number of serious reservations must be held regarding use of theophylline during low pHa, low PaO2 states. PMID- 6787545 TI - Ventilation and ventilatory pattern during sleep in aborted sudden infant death syndrome. AB - To assess ventilatory control during sleep in infants at risk for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), we made serial measurements of resting tidal volume (Vt), respiratory cycle time (Ttot), and the ventilatory changes resulting from inhalation of 2% CO2 in aborted SIDS infants in rapid eye movement and quiet sleep and compared them to a group of normal infants during the first 4 months of life. Ventilation was measured by the barometric method, and sleep was staged using electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram and behavioral criteria. Although resting instantaneous minute ventilation (Vt/Ttot) was virtually the same in both groups of infants, Vt tended to be smaller (by up to 50% in the first 2 months) and Ttot tended to be shorter in aborted SIDS than in normal infants in both rapid eye movement and quiet sleep. The increase in the mean Vt/Ttot with 2% CO2 is greater by about 5 to 20% in aborted SIDS than in normal infants at 3 and 4 months of age in both sleep states. These findings, together with our previous findings that aborted SIDS infants have an increase in heart rate and a shortening of the QT interval, provide indirect evidence that infants at high risk for SIDS may have increased sympathoadrenal activity. PMID- 6787546 TI - Ontogenesis of gastric acid secretion in fetal rat. AB - The pH of gastric fluid was measured in rat fetuses during the last 3 days of gestation. On day 19, the gastric pH was close to neutral. During the night of day 20, the pH was clearly lowered (6.11 +/- 0.15 units), this decrease becoming more marked on the following day. At birth (day 22), just before the first feeding, the pH of gastric fluid reached the mean value of 2.98 +/- 0.14 units. This drop in gastric pH was concomitant with an increase in chloride concentration whereas the gastric PCO2 remained constant. These results imply that in term rat fetuses, the gastric mucosa secretes fixed acid, very likely hydrochloride acid. The administration of acetazolamide (inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase) to 20-day-old fetuses did not suppress the spontaneous acidification of gastric fluid, although the enzyme activity was reduced by approximately 80%. Moreover, the gastric pH in acetazolamide-injected fetuses was markedly lower than in the noninjected littermates. The administration of NaCl solution (acetazolamide vehicle) had no effect on the carbonic anhydrase activity but clearly decreased the pH of gastric fluid. Thus, the drop of gastric pH produced by injection of acetazolamide or saline solution alone probably results from a stress effect of puncture. In fetuses from adrenalectomized, metopirone-treated mothers, the injection of NaCl solution no longer had effect on the pH of gastric fluid whereas triamcinolone injection produced a clear decrease in the gastric pH 3 hr latter. PMID- 6787547 TI - Effect of treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on the erythrocyte sodium transport abnormality of Bartter's syndrome. PMID- 6787548 TI - Effect of chronic malnutrition on intestinal structure, epithelial renewal, and enzymes in suckling rats. PMID- 6787549 TI - Enzyme replacement therapy by transplantation of HLA-compatible fibroblasts in Sanfilippo A syndrome. PMID- 6787550 TI - A mechanism for valproate-induced hyperammonemia. PMID- 6787552 TI - [Low-residue diets]. PMID- 6787551 TI - [Evaluation of glycogen reserve in the liver of malnourished infants using the glucagon test]. PMID- 6787553 TI - [Our experience with the use of a simplified method of total parenteral hyperalimentation via the peripheral veins]. PMID- 6787554 TI - Liver glycogenosis caused by a defective phosphorylase system: hemolysate analysis. AB - Investigated were 24 cases of glycogenosis caused by a reduction in liver phosphorylase activity. The intravenous glucagon tolerance test could not discriminate between phosphorylase kinase deficiency [glycogen storage disease (GSD) IX] and phosphorylase deficiency (GSD VI). These two subgroups were distinguished by hemolysate enzyme assays: (1) GSD IX was characterized by a residual phosphorylase kinase activity, a low activation curve for endogenous phosphorylase b and increased amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity. (2) GSD VI was characterized by a normal or increased phosphorylase kinase activity, a slight activation of endogenous phosphorylase b and a normal amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity. PMID- 6787555 TI - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-PIPIDA in the evaluation of neonatal jaundice. AB - Hepatobiliary scintigraphy with technetium 99m-labeled p-isopropylacetanilido iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-PIPIDA) was used to evaluate 22 neonates with mixed jaundice. Ten patients were proved to have biliary atresia; ten others were diagnosed as having neonatal hepatitis. In the remaining two, jaundice was secondary to prolonged hyperalimentation. Initial studies in all ten patients with biliary atresia showed no evidence of excretion of the tracer into the intestinal tract. Following three to seven days of oral administration of phenobarbital, repeat studies were performed in six of the ten patients. None showed evidence of excretion. Initial studies of the 12 patients with intrahepatic cholestasis showed definite excretion in five, questionable evidence of excretion in two, and no demonstrable excretion in five. Studies after phenobarbital therapy in five of the seven patients with questionable or no excretion on the initial studies showed definite excretion in four. Only in one patient who had poor hepatic extraction did the phenobarbital therapy not change the scintigraphic pattern. The authors conclude that hepatobiliary scintigraphy with 99mTc-PIPIDA after three to seven days of phenobarbital therapy is a highly accurate test for differentiating biliary atresia from other causes of neonatal jaundice. PMID- 6787556 TI - Valproate in the treatment of seizures associated with propionic acidemia. PMID- 6787557 TI - Controlled study of transpyloric and intermittent gavage feeding in the small preterm infant. AB - There were 53 appropriate for gestational age infants with a birth weight of less than 1,700 gm admitted to the Children's Hospital in Denver who were randomly assigned to two groups for gavage or transpyloric (nasojejunal) feedings. The two groups were not significantly different in terms of gestational age, birth weight, and morbidity. No significant differences were observed for caloric intake after 4 days of age, growth parameters (weight, length, and head circumference), serum total protein levels, feeding-related complications, duration of intravenous fluid supplementation, and length of hospitalization. The results indicate that intermittent gastric gavage feedings are as efficacious as transpyloric feedings in supplying nutrition to the low birth-weight infant. Because of inherently greater risks, costs, radiation, and requisite personnel expertise, transpyloric feedings cannot be recommended as a routine method of feeding for the low birth-weight infant. PMID- 6787558 TI - Essential fatty acid status in premature newborns fed by nasoduodenal technique. AB - The fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids and the triene (20:3, n=9) to tetraene (20:4, n=6) ratio in the same lipid fraction have been determined, as indices of the essential fatty acid status, in a group of 22 healthy premature newborns fed by the nasoduodenal technique. Determinations have been carried out on the first and fifth day of life for all 22 newborns, and also on the tenth and 30th day of life for 12 of them. The normal plasma levels of essential fatty acids obtained indicate a satisfactory utilization of dietary essential fatty acids under these unusual nutritional conditions. PMID- 6787559 TI - Echocardiographic mitral valve deformity in the mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - Previously reported echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with mucopolysaccaridosis and the Hunter-Hurler phenotype have stressed the similarity to calcific mitral stenosis despite the fact that mitral stenosis is a relatively uncommon manifestation of this disease. The purpose of this report is to describe the echocardiographic abnormalities in five patients with the Hunter-Hurler phenotype who had no clinical evidence of mitral stenosis. All had abnormal thickening of the mitral valve leaflets and one had echoes suggestive of calcification of the mitral annulus. All patients had normal electrocardiograms and roentgenographic cardiothoracic ratios, and two patients had no cardiac murmur. The high frequency of valvular deformity in this disease and the sensitivity of echocardiography in detecting these deformities suggest that echocardiography should be performed in the evaluation of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. When echocardiographic evidence of valvular deformity is obtained, consideration should be given to bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis. PMID- 6787560 TI - Dose of mannitol for increased intracranial pressure. PMID- 6787561 TI - Multiple carboxylase deficiency: clinical and biochemical improvement following neonatal biotin treatment. AB - Multiple carboxylase deficiency is characterized by deficient activities of three biotin-dependent enzymes, propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and beta-methylcrotonyl coenzyme A carboxylase. A newborn infant was seen with metabolic ketoacidosis, hyperammonemia, organic aciduria, seizures, and coma. Multiple carboxylase deficiency was subsequently confirmed by enzyme activity determinations in his peripheral blood leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts. The infant's neurologic and metabolic status improved markedly within a few days of administration of pharmacologic doses of oral biotin. His EEG, which was distinctly abnormal, became normal; his extensive computed tomography scan changes resolved, with the exception of ventricular dilation, over the next two months. After two weeks of biotin treatment the excretion of abnormal organic acid metabolites was reduced and his carboxylase activities increased to the normal range. However, the activities of these enzymes increased only to 30% to 55% of normal in fibroblasts incubated in supplemental biotin. This partial correction of enzyme activity differs from that observed in other individuals with multiple carboxylase deficiency and suggests biochemical heterogeneity in this disorder. Prompt diagnosis and intervention can avert some of the pathologic complications of this biotin-responsive condition. PMID- 6787562 TI - [Holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum. Contribution to the study of dysrhaphic states]. PMID- 6787563 TI - Analysis of alveolar PCO2 control during the menstrual cycle. AB - We attempted to analyze how PACO2 is regulated during progesterone-induced hyperventilation in the luteal phase. A model for the CO2 control loop was constructed, in which the function of the CO2 exchange system was described as PACO2 = 0.863 x VCO2/VA (gain H = dPACO2/dVA) and that of the CO2 sensing system as VA = S (PACO2 - B). Using this model, we estimated (1) the primary increase in VA (delta VA (op)) produced by progesterone stimulation and (2) the effectiveness (E) of the loop to regulate PACO2, defined as delta PACO2 (op)/delta PACO2 (cl) in which op signifies open-loop and cl, closed-loop. These respiratory variables were investigated throughout the menstrual cycle in 8 healthy women. During the luteal phase, on average, VA increased by 9.4% and PACO2, B and H decreased by 0.33 kPa (2.5 mm Hg), 0.47 kPa (3.5 mm Hg) and 13.6%, respectively, while S and VCO2 did not change significantly. Delta VA (op) increased progressively on successive days of the luteal phase while E remained unchanged at a value of 7.9, thus there was a progressive decrease in PACO2. The decrease in H was considered to lessen delta PACO2 (op) and so reduce the final deviation of PACO2 (delta PACO2 (cl) during the luteal phase. The decrease in B was found to be dependent on delta VA (op). PMID- 6787564 TI - The involvement of expiratory termination in the vagally mediated facilitation of ventilatory CO2 responsiveness during hyperoxia. AB - In anaesthetized rabbits the influence of differential vagal cold blockade on the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 during hyperoxia was investigated. Following total inactivation, the relationship between ventilation (V) and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) was shifted to the left and steepened slightly over a range of modest hypercapnia, but was progressively flattened as hypercapnia intensified. The latter effect, suggestive of a vagally mediated facilitation of ventilatory CO2 responsiveness, was studied further. Differential vagal cold blockade to a temperature (5-11 degrees C) which abolished the Breuer-Hering inflation reflex (end-inspiratory tracheal occlusion no longer eliciting a prolongation of expiratory duration, TE) had no effect on V either during normocapnia or at a substantial level of hypercapnia. Only with further vagal cooling to 0 degrees C did the ventilatory depression during hypercapnia emerge, largely because TE failed to shorten in response to the hypercapnic stimulus. It is concluded that the integrity of expiratory-terminating mechanisms is crucial for the manifestation of the vagally mediated facilitation of V and its CO2 responsiveness which is evident during hyperoxic hypercapnia. A possible role is suggested for lung epithelial irritant receptors or for the tonic late-expiratory activity from pulmonary stretch receptors. PMID- 6787565 TI - Oxygen-linked hydrogen ion binding of canine blood. AB - Decrease in hemoglobin oxygen saturation without change of true blood base-excess results in an increase in calculated base-excess because of differences in acidity between oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin. We have determined the mean +/- SE canine base-excess correction coefficient to be 0.43 +/- 0.01 mmol base per mmol heme, a value approximately 34% higher than the corresponding value for human hemoglobin. PMID- 6787566 TI - Voltage clamp of single freshly dissociated smooth muscle cells: current-voltage relationships for three currents. AB - Voltage-clamp experiments on single freshly dissociated (i.e. uncultured) vertebrate smooth muscle cells were carried out under conditions where the initial inward current, as well as various phases of outward current, could be studied. Current-voltage relationships were obtained for the initial current, the peak outward current, and a later, steady-state current, over a potential range of approximately -130 mV to +50 mV. Evidence is presented that the initial current is carried by Ca+++ ions and is responsible for the rising phase of the action potential and that the peak in the outward current is due to Ca++ activation of K+ conductance. PMID- 6787567 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic adenopathy with monoclonal gammopathy. Prognosis]. PMID- 6787568 TI - [Studies on Hypothalamic-Pituitary Thyroid regulation in Hemodialysis Patients (author's transl)]. AB - During hemodialysis a continuous determination of free thyroid hormone and the basic TSH value was performed in 43 patients. a significant increase of free thyroxine and triodthyronine was found as well as a significant decrease of the TSH basal concentration in serum, which was already subnormal before hemodialysis. In 14 patients a TSH-TRH-test was performed before, during and after hemodialysis. A considerable reduction of the pituitary sensitivity to TRH administration during dialysis was found as compared with values before and after hemodialysis. Because of the increase of free hormone concentration, the reduction of TSH serum concentration and the decrease of pituitary sensitivity to TRH are considered to be a physiological reaction of the pituitary. On the other side a significant increase of the binding affinity of the T3 and T4 nuclear cell receptors correlated with concentration of heparin could be demonstrated. Because this modulation would induce an increasing occupation of the binding valences with thyroid hormone molecules, with a resulting decrease of the production of TSH, this process could also explain the results. Because ther is only a linear relation between the number of occupied nuclear binding sets and the TSH metabolism for T3, the physiological reaction of the pituitary is dependent on an intact conversion of T4 to T3 intracellular. A possible partly defect of this monodeiodination at hemodialysis patients could also explain the published different results concerning the basic concentration of TSH in the serum and the TSH-THR-test. PMID- 6787569 TI - The long-term treatment of victims of child abuse. AB - Child abuse is defined as physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual injury inflicted upon children. It is a complex problem requiring a systematic approach to intervention and treatment. All family members are victims of child abuse. Because child abuse tends to be a cyclic problem, rooted in several generations of parenting, long-term treatment in the community must be available for abusing families, both adults and children. At the core of all successful treatment are the significant relationships which must be established between parents and the case worker and the abused child and the case worker. These relationships must be based on mutual trust, respect, and support-characteristics that are lacking in the relationships of most victims of child abuse. The nurse who works with abusing families in the community brings empathy, a knowledge and understanding of child development, and a holistic approach to health, growth, and change to the relationship. Nurses have a significant role on the child abuse treatment team as primary workers with the family, case managers, and liaisons in a multi agency interventional effort. PMID- 6787570 TI - Preterm infant: a fight for survival. PMID- 6787572 TI - [The action of fast neutrons an their place in radiotherapy of malignant neoplasms (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787571 TI - Chromatographic and biologic analysis of ME and OVLT LHRH. AB - The luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing activities a pooled rat organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT) and median eminence (ME) tissues were evaluated for chromatographic and biologic similarity and compared to those of synthetic decapeptide LH-releasing hormone (LHRH). The LHRH detected in these extracts appeared similar chromatographically (Sephadex G-25) to synthetic LHRH. These extracts, as well as synthetic LHRH, were also capable of stimulating dose dependent gonadotropin release form cultures rat gonadotrophs. These findings suggest a physiological role of the LHRH present in the rat OVLT in the control of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6787573 TI - [Problems of psychiatric hospital treatment of elderly patients]. PMID- 6787574 TI - The influence of a new antiarrhythmic drug, Craviten (M-71) on coronary flow. AB - Craviten (M-71) increases the coronary flow, depresses the rate of contractions, and transiently depresses the contractile force of the cat heart in vitro and in situ. As the action of the drug is short-lasting, its usefulness in treatment of acute cardiac insufficiency accompanied by pain is suggested. It is also potentially useful in cardiac insufficiencies accompanied by arrhythmia. PMID- 6787575 TI - [Nitroglycerin ointment: echocardiographic assessment of duration of action (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787576 TI - The effects of radioiodination and fluorescent labelling on albumin. AB - The preparation and characterization of fluorescamine -, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) -, and radioiodine-labelled bovine serum albumin is critically evaluated. Electrophoretic mobility and ion-exchange chromatography, together with measures of degree of conjugation and sulfhydryl content, are used to assess the changes due to conjugation. Fluorescamine labelling results in drastic changes in chromatographic behavior and electrophoretic mobility. FITC labelling also results in significant changes in chromatographic and electrophoretic properties. Radioiodination leads to minor changes in chromatographic properties and oxydation of sulfhydryl groups, with little or no change in electrophoretic properties. All three labels have some degree of lability and show increased levels of free label with time, even after extensive initial purification. It is concluded that the two fluorescent labels and possibly the radioiodine labelling method used here are unsuitable for certain studies of BSA, such as its adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces. PMID- 6787577 TI - Purification of pregnancy-associated alpha-macroglobulin by buffer electrofocusing. PMID- 6787578 TI - Buffer electrofocusing of thyroid proteins. PMID- 6787579 TI - [Concentration and purification of alkaline proteinase by ultrafiltration]. AB - The mode of ultrafiltration of the culture fluid of Bacillus subtilis, producer of alkaline proteinase, through semipermeable acetate cellulose membranes was examined. The ultrafiltration of the enzyme-containing solutions involved both concentration of the solution and enzyme purification from low molecular weight admixtures. The optimum mode of ultrafiltration of alkaline proteinase on UAM membranes "Vladipore" was developed. PMID- 6787580 TI - [Isolation of protease complexes from Streptomyces griseus by ultrafiltration]. AB - The possibility of concentrating proteases from Streptomyces griseus by the ultrafiltration technique using Soviet membranes of the MB-I-IV type was explored. This method allowed a 3-10 fold reduction of the native solution of enzymes and their simultaneous purification from by-products. PMID- 6787581 TI - Pathophysiology of dialysis related hypoxaemia. AB - In order to elucidate the pathogenesis of haemodialysis related hypoxaemia, lung function studies, measurements of intra-thoracic fluid changes, leucocytes and complement activity were made in 12 patients during a routine six hours dialysis using cellulose membranes. Coincidently with the fall in arterial oxygen tension, lung function was significantly impaired, paralleled by a decrease in transthoracic impedance, leucopenia and a decrease in plasma complement activity. It therefore is suggested that blood membrane interaction leads to complement mediated pulmonary leucostasis evoking mild pulmonary oedema with impaired oxygen diffusion, resulting in hypoxaemia. PMID- 6787582 TI - A non-A non-B hepatitis epidemic in a HB antigen-free haemodialysis unit. Demonstration of serological markers of non-A non-B virus. AB - One hundred and thirty six patients receiving haemodialysis in a HB antigen-free unit were prospectively studied over a period of 29 months for evidence of hepatitis. Twelve/one hundred and eleven patients who were dialysed in this unit for at least one month developed elevation of ALT which proved to be related to neither toxic hepatitis nor hepatitis due to any of the following viruses: hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Therefore these cases were considered to be non-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis. In 5 patients the liver disease was of short duration, whereas in 7 others hepatitis had a chronic course with ALT remaining elevated for more than 6 months. During the same period, one/sixty staff members who were working for at least one month in this unit also developed presumed non-A non-B hepatitis. Serological markers of NANB infection tested by double immunodiffusion were present in 10/12 patients and in the one staff member. PMID- 6787583 TI - Effects of prolactin suppression on hypogonadism im patients on maintenance haemodialysis. AB - The effects of prolactin (Prl) suppression by bromocriptine (BC) on impaired sexual function were studied in 47 male patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). All patients had normal serum zinc levels. Before treatment, 14 of 47 patients had moderate hyperprolactinaemia (not due to medication), 24/39 patients had elevated LH levels, 13/34 patients had elevated FSH levels, 26/44 patients had decreased serum testosterone levels and 18/24 patients were oligo /azoospermic. Bromocriptine was given in doses of 1.25 to 2.5 and 5.0mg/day and each of these doses was maintained for two weeks. Seventeen patients discontinued treatment within the first few days of BC treatment, because of postural hypotension and/or nausea. Fourteen other patients had to be excluded because of poor compliance. On treatment, as little as 1.25mg of BC/day normalised serum Prl, and 2.5mg of BC/day decreased Prl below the lower limit of normal. Neither gonadotrophins nor serum testosterone levels changed significantly during the six weeks of BC treatment. IN CONCLUSION: 1. neither normalisation of moderate hyperprolactinaemia in patients on HD, nor 2. suppression of serum Prl into the subnormal range affects serum gonadotrophin and testosterone levels. 3. These results do not support the hypothesis that moderate hyperprolactinaemia in our patients on HD is an important factor in the development of hypogonadism. PMID- 6787584 TI - The evolution of renal osteodystrophy in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). AB - Since the introduction of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis by Popovich et al [1] and the subsequent modification of the technique by Oreopoulos et al [2], an increasing number of patients with end-stage renal disease are maintained on this new treatment modality. To date, there has not been any report of the effect of CAPD on the evolution of renal osteodystrophy which is one of the major complications of chronic renal failure. In this report we will present the results of our radiological and biochemical studies of renal osteodystrophy in 28 patients who have been on CAPD from 6 to 23 months. PMID- 6787585 TI - Circulating DNA-anti-DNA complexes in lupus nephritis and idiopathic nephritis. AB - Although DNA and anti-DNA antibodies have been eluted from diseased tissues in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) it is uncertain whether DNA and anti-DNA comprise circulating antigen-antibody complexes in SLE. Cryoglobulins from 20 patients with SLE were examined for (i) DNA, using a radioimmunoassay and an ethidium bromide assay, (ii) anti-DNA activity of IgG and IgM, isolated from the cryoglobulins by ultracentrifugation at pH 3.5, by a modified Farr assay (anti dsDNA) and a solid phase ELISA (anti-ssDNA). DNA was found in each of the 20 cryoglobulins by both methods. Isolated IgG had anti-DNA activity in 14 cryoglobulins: 5 anti-dsDNA, 5 anti-ssDNA and 4 anti-ds- and ssDNA; isolated IgM had anti-dsDNA activity in 3 cryoglobulins. Isolated IgG/IgM had no anti-DNA activity in 6 of the 20 cryoglobulins. In controls with idiopathic nephritis (11 membranous, 13 mesangio-capillary) DNA was detected in cryoglobulins, but no ati DNA activity was found. It is concluded that circulating dsDNA-anti-dsDNA complexes are present in SLE, but some patients have SLE without these complexes. Our failure to find dsDNA-anti-dsDNA complexes in nephritis not due to SLE indicates the specificity of such complexes for SLE. PMID- 6787586 TI - Organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes in fetal liver hybridomas. AB - The organization and expression of immunoglobulin genes were studied in a series of six hybridomas derived from the fusion of a nonproducing myeloma cell with cells from mouse fetal liver. These hybridomas, which exhibit several phenotypic characteristics of immature B lymphocytes, all have productively rearranged mu heavy chain genes and produce both the membrane and secreted forms of mu mRNA in a ratio of about 1:10. Significantly, none of the hybridomas has an unrearranged (germ line) allelic mu gene. Examination of the kappa light chain genes revealed that all six of the hybridomas contain unrearranged kappa loci and produce 8.4 kilobase transcripts containing kappa constant region sequences. None of the five hybridomas that exhibit a mu-only phenotype contains a rearranged kappa gene other than that derived from the myeloma parent. One hybridoma, which actively secretes kappa immunoglobulin, contains a rearranged kappa gene of fetal liver origin and synthesizes a distinctive kappa mRNA precursor in addition to the 8.4 kilobase transcript. These results demonstrate that rearrangement of heavy chain immunoglobulin genes normally occurs prior to that of light chain genes and further indicate that the transcriptional competence of the kappa constant region locus is established prior to the time of its rearrangement. PMID- 6787587 TI - Genetic control of major histocompatibility complex-linked immune responses to synthetic polypeptides in man. AB - Vigorous lymphocyte proliferative response to synthetic polypeptides was observed in cells from 50 normal volunteers. Results indicated that 64% responded to poly(LHis, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) [(H, G)-A--L] and 54% to poly(LTyr, LGlu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) [(T, G)-A--L]. Subjects could be classified into high-, intermediate-, and non-responder phenotypes according to their stimulation indices. Family studies indicated that high responses to these antigens are inherited as histocompatibility antigen gene (HLA)-linked dominant traits. Two matings suggested gene complementation in response to (T, G)-A--L and (H, G)-A- L. One, with an intra-HLA recombinant offspring, provided evidence localizing the immune response gene(s) controlling lymphocyte proliferation to (T, G)-A--L and (H, G)-A--L, presumably the homologue to Ir-1 of mouse, closer to the HLA-B than to the HLA-D region. PMID- 6787588 TI - Osmotic control of kdp operon expression in Escherichia coli. AB - Turgor pressure, the difference in osmotic pressure across the inner membrane, has been found to regulate expression of the kdp operon in Escherichia coli. The kdp operon codes for a high-affinity repressible transport system for the uptake of potassium. We have studied the regulation of Kdp expression in a strain in which the gene for beta-galactosidase, lacZ, was placed under control of the kdp promotor. Neither internal nor external K+ concentrations directly controlled Kdp expression. Only when the external K+ concentration was reduced to the point of limiting growth was the kdp operon expressed. An increase in external osmolarity at constant K+ concentration, a procedure that reduces turgor pressure, caused expression of the kdp operon. As the magnitude of the osmotic shift was increased, corresponding to greater decreases in turgor pressure, the amount of Kdp expression also increased. The kdp operon thus appears to be controlled by changes in a physical force, the turgor pressure. PMID- 6787589 TI - Primary structure of the Fc region of human immunoglobulin D: implications for evolutionary origin and biological function. AB - We have determined the complete amino acid sequence of a tryptic Fc delta fragment generated from an intact human IgD (WAH); it is 226 residues long and includes the second (C delta 2) and the third (C delta 3) constant domains of the delta chain. Comparison of the homology of the Fc sequence of the five human immunoglobulin classes suggests that either the delta-chain gene evolved from the alpha-chain gene soon after the divergence of a mu-alpha common ancestor or it evolved from an ancestral gene distinct from both the mu-alpha and the gamma epsilon common ancestors. Comparative study using a spatial model of the Fc region indicates that the structure of the C delta 3 domain differs extensively from that of the carboxy-terminal domains of other heavy chain classes; this, together with the unique hinge region structure, probably reflects the biological role of IgD as a receptor molecule on the B-lymphocyte surface. PMID- 6787590 TI - Sequences of the joining region genes for immunoglobulin heavy chains and their role in generation of antibody diversity. AB - To assess the contribution to immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity made by recombination between variable region (VH) genes and joining region (JH) genes, we have determined the sequence of about 2000 nucleotides spanning the rearranged JH gene cluster associated with the VH gene expressed in plasmacytoma HPC76. The active VH76 gene has recombined with the second germ-line JH gene. The region we have studied contains two other JH genes, designated JH3 and JH4. No other JH gene was found within the region 1000 nucleotides downstream from JH4. Between JH3 and JH4 there is a pseudo-JH sequence with substantial homology to the authentic JH genes. The four JH genes whose sequences now are known can account for all known JH amino acid sequences. The JH genes are more divergent than the Jk genes and vary in length, encoding either 15 or 17 amino acid residues. Because JH regions comprise part of the third hypervariable region (HV3), combinatorial VH--JH joining substantially augments VH diversity. Moreover, a VH gene can recombine with each JH gene at several positions, and either one or two germ-line JH codons can be excised. This JH truncation markedly reduces the length of HV3 and hence must alter antigen-binding specificity. We have also determined the sequence of the JH4 region in two different gamma 2a mRNAs and have found that each has suffered a point mutation (aspartate to asparagine) which would alter the charge of the antigen-binding site. PMID- 6787592 TI - Analysis of HLA-DR polymorphism by two-dimensional peptide mapping. AB - Two-dimensional peptide mapping was used to study the polymorphism of DR antigens, membrane glycoproteins composed of two chains, alpha and beta, and encoded by the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Four DR antigens were purified by immunoabsorption from four human lymphoblastoid cell lines homozygous at the DR locus. After labeling with 125I, alpha and beta chains were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and digested with pepsin. Comparison of the peptide maps showed a marked degree of polymorphism among beta chains: only 43% of peptides were common to all four chains and 15-21% of the spots were unique to a given chain. By contrast, only a limited variability was observed among alpha chains. Homology was 75% for the four chains and the percentage of unique peptides was very low. DR7 did not possess even a single unique peptide. The limited variability among alpha chains and the lack of "private" peptides in one of them point to the conclusion that the beta chain is the unique carrier of the alloantigenic specificities. Higher homology within the known crossreactive groups was not observed, suggesting that the determinants responsible for crossreactivity are on different molecules. From a genetic point of view, because beta chains show allele-associated polymorphism, they are likely to be MHC encoded, whereas the minor differences among alpha chains do not allow a similar conclusion. The available data point to an analogy between these DR antigens and the mouse I-E/C antigens. PMID- 6787591 TI - Expression of biological effector functions by immunoglobulin G molecules lacking the hinge region. AB - Several biological effector functions mediated by sites on the Fc region of human IgG1 have been studied in two variant IgG1 kappa monoclonal proteins (Dob and Lec) which contain deletions corresponding to the entire hinge region of the heavy chains. Neither Dob nor Lec protein in aggregated form was able to activate the classical complement pathway, and this was shown to be due to an inability to bind the first component of complement (C1). By rosette inhibition assays, Dob and Lec proteins were shown to have no measurable affinity for Fc receptors on human B cells or neutrophils. Dob and Lec proteins had a much reduced affinity for Fc receptors on the murine macrophage-like cell line P388D1 when compared to normal human IgG1. Furthermore, the hinge-deleted proteins were able to compete with murine IgG2b for P388D1 receptors but not with murine IgG2a. In contrast, the binding of Dob and Lec proteins to protein A from Staphylococcus aureus was entirely normal. The functional consequences of the hinge deletion were parallel to those seen when normal IgG1 was reduced and alkylated. It was concluded that the functional impotency of Dob and Lec proteins was related to the close association between the Fab and Fc regions in these molecules and the limited degree of segmental flexibility permitted in the absence of the hinge region. The data also suggest a major role for the C gamma 2 domain (C is the constant region) in mediating effector functions in normal IgG1. PMID- 6787594 TI - H-2-restricted antigen binding by a hybridoma clone that produces antigen specific helper factor. AB - Somatic cell hybrids were prepared by fusing the AKR mouse lymphoma BW-5147 with splenic T cells from mice immunized with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid (NP) conjugated to chicken serum globulin (CG). From 500 fusion lines 11 were selected on the basis of binding radioiodinated NP-CG. The autoradiographic binding assay was based on previous findings which showed that Lyt-1+ T cells need a lymphokine, lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF), for optimal antigen binding and that they bind preferentially a self-Ia-associated antigen complex, IAC, which is released by adherent cells upon incubation with antigen. Six of the 11 antigen binding positive lines were tested for helper activity and specific helper factor production in vitro. All of them were found to be positive. One clone was characterized in more detail. It secretes a CG-specific helper factor that contains immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and I-A determinants. The hybridoma cells bind Ia-containing CG complexes specifically. For binding they need to be treated with LAF, and the binding is restricted to syngenicity in H-2 between the adherent cells used to produce IAC and the antigen-binding hybridoma cells. Regular CG does not bind significantly and does not compete even at high excess with the binding of CG-IAC. These data are interpreted to suggest that the antigen is bound by cells of a clone functional helper T-cell hybridoma line in conjunction with products controlled by H-2I and that the receptor of these cells may have considerably higher affinity for Ia-associated than for regular antigen. PMID- 6787593 TI - Thymus-dependent membrane antigens in man: inhibition of cell-mediated lympholysis by monoclonal antibodies to TH2 antigen. AB - In prior studies a heteroantiserum to a surface membrane component termed T(H2) was used to define two subsets of human T cells (T(H2) (+) and T(H2) (-)), which were found to express distinct sets of activities in vitro. In the present studies we prepared monoclonal antibodies to surface determinants that are restricted to T cells belonging to each of these two subsets. Two antibodies, termed alphaLeu-2a and alphaLeu-2b, which seem to define the same surface antigen identified by the original T(H2) antiserum, reacted with 57-84% of thymocytes and 22-46% of the erythrocyte-rosette-forming cells (ERF-C) in peripheral blood. Two other monoclonal antibodies, termed alphaLeu-3a and alphaLeu-3b, reacted with the same subpopulation of thymocytes (78-89%) and peripheral blood ERF-C (47-78%) but, unlike alphaLeu-2a and alphaLeu-2b, did not exhibit cross-blocking; i.e., labeling cells with alphaLeu-3a did not inhibit the subsequent binding of alphaLeu-3b. T cells reactive with alphaLeu-2a were shown to be unreactive with alphaLeu-3a, indicating that two separate subpopulations of T cells, Leu-2 (formerly T(H2) (+)) and Leu-3 (T(H2) (-)) T cells, were thereby defined. These two T cell subsets make up the subpopulation of ERF-C (80-95%) previously defined by a monoclonal antibody to a T cell membrane antigen (Leu-1) that has a thymus dependent distribution on normal lymphocytes but is expressed by some surface immunoglobulin-positive (sIg(+)) leukemic lymphocytes. None of the Leu antibodies reported here reacted with sIg(+), Leu-1(+) leukemic cells, nor did they react with normal hematopoietic cells or lymphoid cells that had surface markers characteristic of B cells. Studies of the blocking effects of Leu antibodies on killing in cell-mediated lympholysis by effector T cells were carried out in the absence of complement. These experiments established the following points: (i) alphaLeu-2a abolished the killing by cytotoxic T cells of allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-stimulated blasts, (ii) inhibition of killing by alphaLeu-2b was markedly less than inhibition by alphaLeu-2a, and (iii) other antibodies, including alphaLeu-1, alphaLeu-3a, and alphaLeu-3b, had little or no effect on killing in cell-mediated lympholysis. The relevance of these findings to prior studies done in the mouse and in man are discussed. PMID- 6787595 TI - Unique V kappa group associated with two mouse L chain genetic markers. AB - The C.C58 and C.AKR congeneic strains of mice differ from BALB/c at loci on chromosome 6 which govern kappa light chain variable region (V kappa) polymorphisms and the Lyt-2 and Lyt-3 alloantigens. Amino acid sequence analysis of light chains of myelomas induced in these strains revealed one light chain, C.C58 M75, that had an NH2-terminal serine and differed sufficiently from published V kappa sequences to define a new V kappa group, V kappa (Ser), apparently not expressed by BALB/c mice. Peptide map analysis indicated that the M75 light chain contained the IB-peptide marker, a V kappa polymorphism expressed by C.C58 but not BALB/c mice, which is determined by the IgK-Trpa allele present on chromosome 6. This same light chain was found by isoelectric focussing to correspond to IgK-Ef1a, another V kappa genetic marker of C.C58 and C.AKR. Isoelectric focussing of approximately 200 C.C58 and C.AKR myeloma light chains revealed three additional C.C58 and four C.AKR light chains that corresponded to IgK-Ef1a-specific light chains. All three additional C.C58 light chains belonged to the V kappa (Ser) group and contained the IB-peptide marker. Thus, the differences in V kappa repertoires represented by the IB-peptide and IgK-Ef1a markers and controlled by genes on chromosome 6 appear to reflect expression (or failure of expression) of a distinct group of V kappa regions. PMID- 6787596 TI - Expression of mu and gamma immunoglobulin heavy chains in different cells of a cloned mouse lymphoid line. AB - A cloned cell line derived from mouse bone marrow and transformed by Abelson virus is shown to synthesize two different heavy chains, mu and gamma 2B, in vitro. This characteristic is stable because it persists upon subcloning. Although most of the immunoglobulin-synthesizing cells produce either mu or gamma 2B heavy chains, a few cells contain both heavy chains, suggesting immunoglobulin class switching. Karyotypes show a complement of 41 chromosomes. Two copies of chromosome 12, to which immunoglobulin heavy chain structural genes have been assigned, were found. No light chain was found in either the mu- or the gamma 2B producing cells. However, fusion of the cell line with a myeloma that synthesizes neither heavy nor light chains caused expression of kappa light chain in the hybridoma synthesizing mu chain. No light chain could be detected in the hybridomas synthesizing gamma 2B heavy chain. PMID- 6787597 TI - Muscle beta-actinin and serum albumin of the chicken are indistinguishable by physicochemical and immunological criteria. AB - Chicken muscle beta-actinin is considered to be one of the "true" myofibrillar components due to its specific binding to isolated myofibrils. Surprisingly, the direct comparison of this muscle protein with serum albumin, both isolated from chicken, showed that they behaved identically under several electrophoretic conditions. Furthermore, immunoreplica gels and double-immunodiffusion tests with antibodies prepared against beta-actinin established the serological identity of both proteins. No significant differences were found by circular dichroic spectroscopy or in amino acid composition. In addition, the amino-terminal sequences of both proteins were identical (H2N-Asp-Ala-Glu-His-Lys-Ser-Glu-Ile Ala-His-Arg-Tyr-Asn-Asp-Leu-). Combined, these results strongly indicate that muscle beta-actinin and serum albumin are similar, if not identical. PMID- 6787598 TI - Multiple sites on prostaglandin cyclooxygenase are determinants in the action of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. AB - Evidence is presented to show that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs react with two sites on the cyclooxygenase (8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, hydrogen-donor:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.99.1). Although the degree of interaction with the catalytic site determines the potency of such compounds, interaction with the supplementary site is also obligatory for efficacy as cyclooxygenase inhibitors and may explain the selectivity of such drugs in inhibiting the cyclooxygenase but not the lipoxygenase pathway. Drugs that interact more effectively with the supplementary site than with the catalytic site--i.e., those of weak to moderate activity as cyclooxygenase inhibitors--are shown to prevent inhibition of the enzyme by indomethacin. Compounds in this class are also capable of blocking the ulcerogenic action of indomethacin, which suggests that this antiulcerogenic property stems from a direct action at the level of the cyclooxygenase in the stomach. PMID- 6787599 TI - Distribution of protein I in mammalian brain as determined by a detergent-based radioimmunoassay. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed for measuring protein I, a basic, neuron specific protein associated with nerve terminals. The procedure utilizes the detergents NaDodSO4 and Nonidet P-40 to prevent nonspecific adsorption of this highly charged protein to various surfaces. By use of this procedure, it has been possible to show that protein I comprises approximately 0.4% of the total protein in cerebral cortex of several mammalian species. In addition, the amount of protein I was determined in about 40 regions of cat brain. The results suggest that measurement of protein I may provide a quantitative method for estimating the density of nerve terminals in various regions of the mammalian nervous system. PMID- 6787600 TI - Secondary structure of eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNA. AB - A five-helix secondary structural model is proposed for eukaryotic cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. All available sequence data are consistent with this model including those from Chlorella 5S rRNA whose sequence is revised by data included here. Various architectural features of eukaryotic 5S rRNA are summarized in terms of this secondary structural model. It is observed that previous failures to identify universal models for 5S rRNA secondary structure stem from significant differences in architecture between eukaryotic cytoplasmic and eubacterial 5S rRNAs. The usual four-helix model for eubacterial 5S rRNA secondary structure nevertheless does share several structural features with the five-helix model presented here for cytoplasmic 5S rRNA. It is thus likely that these two classes of 5S rRNA are the result of evolutionary divergence rather than convergence. PMID- 6787601 TI - Interleukin 2 is mitogenic for nu/nu and nu/+ murine spleen cells. AB - Interleukin 2 (IL-2), a product of activated T lymphocytes but not of T-cell deficient spleen cells of congenitally athymic (nu/nu) mice, is shown to be strongly mitogenic for spleen cells from both nu/nu and nu/+ mice in the absence of serum. This response does not depend on the presence of additional mitogen or antigen as has been previously reported and is dose dependent with respect to IL 2. Plots of the logarithm of cell number versus logarithm of response indicate that IL-2-induced mitogenesis of nu/nu spleen cells is a one-cell event (slope = 1.28 +/- 0.21, mean +/- SD), whereas the response of nu/+ spleen cells to concanavalin A is a three-cell event (slope = 3.18 +/- 0.16). The nu/nu spleen cells proliferating in response to IL-2 are at least 80% T lymphocytes by the third day of culture, as demontrated by lysis with monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibody and complement. These results suggest that one of the major roles of the thymus may be to induce IL-2 production in a subpopulation of lymphocytes that is then persistent. PMID- 6787602 TI - Laminin and fibronectin in cell adhesion: enhanced adhesion of cells from regenerating liver to laminin. AB - Laminin, a basement membrane glycoprotein isolated from cultures of mouse endodermal cells and rat yolk sac carcinoma cells, promoted the attachment of liver cells obtained from regenerating mouse liver. Cells from normal mouse liver attached readily to dishes coated with fibronectin but attached poorly to surfaces coated with laminin. Both proteins efficiently promoted the attachment of cells from livers undergoing regeneration. After regeneration, the attachment to laminin returned to the low levels found in animals not subjected to partial hepatectomy but attachment to fibronectin remained high. Immunofluorescent staining of sections of normal liver with antilaminin revealed the presence of laminin in or adjacent to the walls of the bile ducts and blood vessels. After induction of regeneration by partial hepatectomy, increased amounts of laminin appeared in the sinusoidal areas. After carbon tetrachloride poisoning, staining for laminin was especially pronounced in the necrotic and postnecrotic areas around the central veins. This additional expression of laminin was transient. It reached a maximum around 5--6 days after the injury and then gradually disappeared. These findings show that laminin is an adhesive protein. The increase of laminin in regenerating liver and the adhesiveness of cells from such livers to laminin suggest a role for laminin in the maintenance of a proper tissue organization during liver regeneration. PMID- 6787603 TI - Structure of a rearranged gamma 1 chain gene and its implication to immunoglobulin class-switch mechanism. AB - An expressed gene for gamma 1 chain of MC 101 myeloma was cloned from a phage library containing partial EcoRI digests of MC 101 DNA. The cloned DNA was analyzed by restriction enzyme cleavage, Southern blot hybridization, R-loop formation, and nucleotide sequence determination. The results indicate that the expressed gamma 1 chain gene comprises at least four germline DNA segments, namely a variable-region gene, a segment of the 5' flanking region of the mu chain gene (containing J regions), a segment of the 5' flanking region of the alpha chain gene, and the gamma 1 chain gene with its flanking regions. The presence of the alpha chain gene-flanking switch (S) region (S alpha region) at the 5' side of the gamma 1 chain gene-flanking region (S gamma 1 region) indicates that the heavy chain class switch may not be mediated by stepwise linear deletion along the order of the heavy chain constant-region genes (5'-mu gamma 3-gamma 1-gamma 2b-gamma 2a-alpha-3'). We propose a siter-chromatid exchange model that explains class switch-associated deletion of heavy chain genes by unequal crossing-over events between sister chromatids. PMID- 6787604 TI - Comparison of mouse immunoglobulin gamma 2a and gamma 2b chain genes suggests that exons can be exchanged between genes in a multigenic family. AB - A 23-kilobase EcoRI DNA fragment coding for the BALB/c immunoglobulin gamma 2a chain was cloned from mouse embryo DNA in the cosmid pJC74, and a nucleotide sequence of 1904 bases was determined for the entire constant region (CH1, CH2, and CH3), the three intervening sequences (IVS 1, IVS 2, and IVS 3) and the 5' and 3' flanking sequences. When the gamma 2a chain nucleotide sequence was compared with the gamma 2b chain nucleotide sequence, the percent homology of corresponding segments (excluding deletion and insertion) was 82% for the 5' flanking sequence, 87% for CH1, 84% for IVS 1, 96% for the hinge, 95% for IVS 2, 94.6% for CH2, 86% for IVS 3, 74% for CH3, 89% for the 3' untranslated region, and 92% for the 3' flanking region. These findings show that different domains of gamma 2a and gamma 2b have independent rates of evolution and that some of the noncoding segments of the gene are more conserved than are adjacent coding segments. Hypotheses on the possible role of IVS is gene evolution and expression are discussed. PMID- 6787605 TI - Yeast genes fused to beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli can be expressed normally in yeast. AB - A plasmid was constructed that allows the selection in vivo of gene fusions between the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene and the yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) URA3 gene. A large yeast DNA fragment containing the URA3 gene was placed upstream of an amino-terminally deleted version of the lacZ gene. The plasmid vehicle contains sequences that allow selection and maintenance of the plasmid in both yeast and E. coli. Selection for Lac+ in E. coli yielded numerous deletions that fused the lacZ gene to the URA3 gene and flanking yeast sequences, to the bacterial tetracycline-resistance gene from the parent plasmid pBR322, and to the yeast 2-micrometer plasmid DNA. Some of these fusion plasmids produced beta-galactosidase activity when introduced into yeast. One of the fusions to the URA3 gene itself has been shown to place the expression of beta-galactosidase activity under uracil regulation in yeasts. PMID- 6787606 TI - Antibody-mediated activation of genetically defective Escherichia coli beta galactosidases by monoclonal antibodies produced by somatic cell hybrids. AB - Six hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against Escherichia coli beta galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galoctohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) have been derived from two separate somatic cell fusions. Three of these antibodies can activate defective enzymes produced by strains of E. coli carrying Z-gene point mutations. In antigen excess, one monoclonal antibody shows similar enzyme binding and mutant-activating capacity. Characteristically, the former reaction has a 200-fold higher equilibrium constant. These data provide direct evidence that the enzyme-activation reaction is a single-hit event in which one antibody site favors the correct conformation of one active center of the enzyme. Because each "activating" hybridoma is able to activate several but not all point mutant enzymes tested, it appears that the correction of the genetic defect is produced by binding key sites of the protein three-dimensional structure rather than the sites affected by the mutation. PMID- 6787607 TI - T cell-dependent activation of resting B cells: requirement for both nonspecific unrestricted and antigen-specific Ia-restricted soluble factors. AB - Cloned murine helper T cells, restricted to the Iab antigens of the major histocompatibility locus and specific for horse erythrocytes as a foreign antigen, produce, in cooperation with antigen and histocompatible adherent cells, soluble factors that replace the helper T cells in their action on B cells. Three types of factors can be distinguished on the basis of molecular weight: proteins having apparent Mr 30,000 (p30) that act antigen- and Ia-nonspecifically as replication- and maturation-inducing factors and proteins having apparent Mr 55,000 (p55) and 125,000 (p125) that act on resting B cells in an Ia-specific, restricted fashion. Neither horse erythrocytes (a T-cell specific antigen) nor p55 and p125, alone or together, stimulate resting B cells to proliferation and maturation. Double occupancy by antigen and p55 or p125, however, renders Ia compatible, but not Ia-incompatible, resting B cells susceptible to stimulation. The subsequent addition of p30 to these "excited" B cells then results in the proliferation and maturation of clones of horse erythrocyte-specific resting B cells, which then replicate under the stimulatory action of p30. p30 do not bind antigen, nor do they bind anti-Ia or anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. p55 are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region antibodies. p55 are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region antibodies, but not by anti-heavy or anti-light chain constant region antibodies or anti-Ia antibodies. p125 molecules bind horse but not sheep erythrocytes and are bound by anti-heavy chain variable region, but not by anti-heavy or light chain constant region or anti-Ia antibodies. p55 and p125 are likely to be soluble analogues of the antigen-specific, Ia-restricted T-cell receptors of the cloned helper T cells. PMID- 6787608 TI - Induction of proliferation and differentiation of neoplastic B cells by anti immunoglobulin and T-cell factors. AB - Sepharose-bound anti-immunoglobulins, which are potent mitogens for normal adult B cells, are not mitogenic for tumor cells freshly isolated from mice carrying the B-cell leukemia BCL1. However, after 4 or more days of in vitro cultivation, BCL1 cells can be stimulated to divide by either anti-mu or anti-delta antibodies. These results suggest that in vitro cultivation of BCL1 cells results in their differentiation into more mature cells which can be triggered to proliferate by their interaction with anti-Ig antibodies. Addition of T-cell helper factors to anti-Ia treated BCL1 cells results in their differentiation into Ig-secreting cells. These results indicate that surface Ig molecules on BCL1 cells are capable of delivering an activation signal to the cells but that the cells require a second signal from T cells for induction of Ig secretion. PMID- 6787610 TI - [Proposal for an orientation teaching unit in the emergency service]. PMID- 6787609 TI - Culture supernatants of a stimulated T-cell line have helper activity that acts synergistically with interleukin 2 in the response of B cells to antigen. AB - Culture supernatants of an antigen-stimulated long-term alloreactive T cell line, C.C3.11.75, contain a T-cell-replacing factor (TRF) activity for the B-cell response to antigen. These same supernatants show little activity in the T-cell growth assay or the costimulator assay. TRF activity was assayed by using spleen cells that were rigorously depleted of both T cells and macrophages. In this assay preparations containing interleukin 2 and supernatants from stimulated C.C3.11.75 cells are relatively inactive if added alone but show marked synergy when added together. We conclude that the C.C3.11.75 TRF activity is not due to interleukin 1 or to interleukin 2 but to a third factor provisionally designated as (DL)TRF. This activity may be equivalent to the (late-acting) TRF described by Schimpl and Wecker. Evidence is presented suggesting that the helper activity (DL)TRF is a product of the T-cell line. PMID- 6787611 TI - [Guide to be used by the National Nursing Association in the application of the directives on the role of the nurse in relation to the mechanical support of life and to genetic manipulation]. PMID- 6787612 TI - [National health planning: prospects in the use of midwives]. PMID- 6787613 TI - [Education of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6787614 TI - [Practical principles of antitumor chemotherapy]. PMID- 6787615 TI - [Organizational plan for nursing services]. PMID- 6787616 TI - [A nurse instructor in Laviano (Salerno) from 27 November to 12 December 1980]. PMID- 6787617 TI - Quantitative estimation of abnormal microheterogeneity of serum transferrin in alcoholics. AB - A qualitative abnormality of the microheterogeneity of serum transferrin, demonstrated by isoelectric focusing, has previously been shown to be a highly specific indication of chronic alcoholism. The abnormality consists of a selective increase of a cathodal transferrin component which is probably caused by a reduction of the sialic acid content. The present study describes a method for quantitative estimation of the abnormal transferrin. The technique was based on analytical isoelectric focusing as the first step followed by direct immunofixation. The immunofixed transferrin was quantified by computerized on line densitometry, and the transferrin abnormality was calculated as a quotient, where the amount of the cathodal component was expressed as a percentage of the relative total immunofixed transferrin quantity. This method was shown to possess high sensitivity and good reproducibility. In the controls the mean value of the quotient was 3.7%, while in the alcoholics it was 9.5% which was a highly significant difference (p less than 0.001). The possible functional significance of a disturbed sialic acid metabolism in alcoholism is discussed. PMID- 6787618 TI - Caffeine discrimination in the rat. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate 32 mg/kg caffeine from saline in a two-lever appetitive task. Across a range of caffeine test doses (1-32 mg/kg) rats showed a dose related generalization to the training cue. At intermediate caffeine dose levels, caffeine appeared to produce a more potent cue on tests following saline training days than after drug-training days. Several psychomotor stimulants (d amphetamine, methylphenidate, nicotine and TRH) failed to generalize to the caffeine cue. In contrast, theophylline did generalize to caffeine at a dose roughly twice that of the caffeine training dose. PMID- 6787619 TI - Involvement of the GABAergic system on shock-induced aggressive behavior in two strains of mice. AB - The effects of drugs that antagonize or potentiate the action of brain gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on shock-induced aggressive behavior in mice were investigated. In previous studies it has been shown that in C57 BL/6 strain shock induced aggressive behavior is absent up to the 10th week of age and rises to the highest intensity after the 20th week, while at the same ages aggressive responses are lowest or absent in DBA/2 strain. GABA antagonist, picrotoxin and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) inhibitor, D, L-allylglycine induced aggressive responses in non-aggressive 10 week old C57 BL/6 and 20 week old DBA/2 mice. GABA agonist muscimol hydrobromide, and GABA-T inhibitor sodium n-dipropylacetate inhibited aggressive responses in 20 week old C57 BL/6 mice. These effects were not related to changes in shock sensitivity and motor activity. The results strongly suggest that the GABAergic system is involved in the control of shock induced aggressive behavior in mice and that this control is related to developmental and genetic factors. PMID- 6787620 TI - Optimisation of field flatness and depth-dose for therapy electron beams. AB - Curves relating beam energy, scattering foil thickness, central-axis depth-dose, and beam flatness have been generated using data taken on a Siemens 200A betatron. The curve set allows a single combination of tungsten foil thickness and electron beam energy to be chosen that will provide the optimum depth-dose distribution and sufficient field flatness for any specific clinical requirement. PMID- 6787621 TI - Electron beam dose calculations. AB - Electron beam dose distributions in the presence of inhomogeneous tissue are calculated by an algorithm that sums the dose distribution of individual pencil beams. The off-axis dependence of the pencil beam dose distribution is described by the Fermi-Eyges theory of thick-target multiple Coulomb scattering. Measured square-field depth-dose data serve as input for the calculations. Air gap corrections are incorporated and use data from'in-air' measurements in the penumbra of the beam. The effective depth, used to evaluate depth-dose, and the sigma of the off-axis Gaussian spread against depth are calculated by recursion relations from a CT data matrix for the material underlying individual pencil beams. The correlation of CT number with relative linear stopping power and relative linear scattering power for various tissues is shown. The results of calculations are verified by comparison with measurements in a 17 MeV electron beam from the Therac 20 linear accelerator. Calculated isodose lines agree nominally to within 2 mm of measurements in a water phantom. Similar agreement is observed in cork slabs simulating lung. Calculations beneath a bone substitute illustrate a weakness in the calculation. Finally a case of carcinoma in the maxillary antrum is studied. The theory suggests an alternative method for the calculation of depth-dose of rectangular fields. PMID- 6787622 TI - Photoreactivating enzyme from Streptomyces griseus-IV. On the nature of the chromophoric cofactor in Streptomyces griseus photoreactivating enzyme. PMID- 6787623 TI - Relations between respiratory and circulatory control during gravitational load in man. PMID- 6787625 TI - Interindividual factors in respiratory behavior and longevity in OF1 mice. PMID- 6787624 TI - Adult sexual behavior deficits and altered hormone levels in male hamsters given steroids during development. PMID- 6787626 TI - [The role of liquid medium in the duration of hospitalisation of TB patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787627 TI - [The significance of capnographic measurements compared to the values of other parameters in the evaluation of airway obstruction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787628 TI - The role of arachidonate lipoxygenase and fatty acids during irreversible blood platelet aggregation in vitro. AB - Arachidonic acid is converted by blood platelets into thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-OH-C20:4). TXA2 causes platelet aggregation, but the physiological role of 12-OH-C20:4 on blood platelets is not known. The formation of 12-OH-C20:4 by washed platelets can be inhibited by eicosatetraynoic acid at a concentration of 0.7 mumol/l; TXA2-formation is not yet influenced at this low inhibitor concentration. Under these conditions, the irreversible 1-14C arachidonic acid-induced blood platelet aggregation is converted into a reversible type of aggregation. Similar results are obtained by addition of any long-chain fatty acid (20-30 mumol/l), including 12-OH-C20:4 and arachidonic acid, as well as by addition of sulfhydryl reagents. However, in these experiments no inhibition of the arachidonic acid conversion is observed. The results can be explained by a "sticking together" of the blood platelets caused by 12-OH-C20:4 generation. This effect is based on the same principle as that of the chemotactic effect of 12-OH-C20:4 on leucocytes as described by Turner et al. (Nature 257; 680-681, 1975). The explanation is supported by experiments with platelets obtained after ingestion of aspirin. ADP-induced reversible aggregation of three platelets becomes irreversible after addition of arachidonic acid. Irreversible platelet aggregation occurs only during endogenous 12-OH-C20:4 generation in consequence of a "sticking-together" process. This process coincides with a stimulation of the platelet guanylate cyclase. PMID- 6787629 TI - Enhancement of ketosis by 16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 during the genesis of diabetic ketoacidosis in rats. AB - We examined the effects of 16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 (DMPGE2) on the development of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in rats. Animals received DMPGE2, 200 or 300 microgram/kg body weight subcutaneously in 0.5 ml saline, or the saline carrier alone at 0, 12, 24 and 36 hours after administration of streptozotocin. At 40 hours, blood was obtained for measurement of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) and ketone bodies. DMPGE2 produced a dose-related decrease in plasma FFA levels at 40 hours. FFA levels were 2.76 +/- 0.39 meg/L (mean +/- SEM) with saline, 1.72 +/- 0.22 meg/L with 200 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.05 vs saline) and 1.19 +/- 0.17 meg/L with 300 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.025 vs saline) consistent with the previously demonstrated antilipolytic effect of DMPGE2 in vivo and in vitro. Despite suppression of lipolysis, DMPGE2 enhanced the development of ketosis during the genesis of DKA. The beta-hydroxybutyrate level was 5.89 +/- 0.06 mM with saline, 8.15 +/- 1.02 mM with 200 microgram/kg DMPGE2 and 11.17 +/- 0.60 mM with 300 microgram/kg DMPGE2 (p less than 0.001 vs saline). This study demonstrates that this analog of prostaglandin E2 promotes the development of ketosis during the genesis of DKA despite decreased substrate availability. This may be due to enhancement of hepatic ketogenesis, impairment of ketone disposal, or both. PMID- 6787630 TI - Salicylic acid inhibition of the irreversible effect of acetylsalicyclic aicd on prostaglandin synthetase may be due to competition for the enzyme cationic binding site. AB - Salicylic acid (SA), a weak inhibitor of the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase or fatty acid cyclooxygenase enzyme, is known to prevent irreversible enzyme inhibition by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The interaction of arachidonic acid with ferrous sulfate was used as a model to study the reaction of the fatty acid with the postulated enzymic cationic binding site on Fe2+-heme. SA was as potent as ASA in inhibiting the cooxygenation of arachidonic acid and ferrous sulfate. The results suggests that SA could complete effectively for the enzyme cationic site with ASA. Thus SA may block ASA acetylation of the cyclooxygenase by preventing ASA from binding to this site. PMID- 6787632 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis inhibition by maternal and fetal sheep plasma and its relation to haptoglobin and albumin levels. AB - Mammalian plasmas and sera have been reported to contain endogenous inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis (EIPS), but the identity and role of these suggested inhibitors is as yet undetermined. Albumin and haptoglobin have been proposed as possible inhibitors, and it has been suggested that EPIS may have a part to play in the control of PG production during pregnancy and in the neonatal period. As part of a series of studies aimed at elucidating the identity and role of EIPS, maternal and fetal blood samples were collected from chronically catheterized pregnant ewes, and plasma levels of albumin, haptoglobin and EIPS activity determined. Pregnant ewe plasma possessed high EIPS activity and fetal lamb plasma little or no EIPS activity. Levels of albumin and/or haptoglobin did not consistently parallel that of EIPS activity. A post-operative rise (4 sheep studied) and a pre-parturition nadir (1 sheep studied) in maternal plasma EIPS activity were also noted. The possible physiological significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6787631 TI - Inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase by toluene-3,4-dithiol and other ferric iron chelators. AB - Arachidonate lipoxygenase, obtained from the soluble, cytoplasmic fraction of sonicated human platelets was strongly inhibited by toluene-3,4-dithiol and dithizone, agents which form strong complexes with ferric but not ferrous ions. Weak inhibition was noted with the less specific iron chelator ortho phenanthroline and with potassium cyanide. There was not inhibition with the ferrous iron chelating agents 2,2' dipyridyl nor with bathophenanthroline or EDTA. These findings suggest that platelet lipoxygenase activity depends on ferric iron. PMID- 6787633 TI - [Treatment of drug addicts under the aspect of medicoprofessional ethics (author's transl)]. AB - The problem of an effective treatment of drug addicts is getting more and more important. This applies in particular to youngsters who have become addicted to opiate drugs. The medical profession is confronted by the question to what extent they can contribute towards tackling this task. It is becoming evident that success can be achieved if physicians join hands with skilled social workers. Insofar as drug-free methods are applied, the realization of such co-operation does not involve any obvious legal or ethical difficulties linked to a professional code. However, there is an obstacle to the development and critical testing of new methods in the field of addiction, namely, the scholastic tendency to recognize definite therapeutic methods only as being in line with professional ethics, whereas other methods, especially those supported by the use of pharmaceuticals, are rejected or discriminated right away as erroneous or illegal. It is suggested to gradually come away from this scholastic position and to utilize the criteria normally applicable and well-tried in the medico scientific field. Differentiation between methods in line with professional ethics and questionable methods can be effected only against the background of empirical results. PMID- 6787634 TI - Studies using releasing factors in Klinefelter's syndrome: the responses of LH and FSH to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and of prolactin and TSH to thyrotropin-releasing hormone before and after testosterone. PMID- 6787635 TI - Differential prolactin responses to haloperidol and TRH in normal adult men. PMID- 6787636 TI - Increased brain serotonergic and noradrenergic activity after repeated systemic administration of the beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol, a putative antidepressant drug. AB - Subchronic (5 mg/kg SC, twice daily for 14 days) but not acute administration of the beta-2-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol to rats caused a significant increase in the accumulation of 5-hydroxytryptophan in the limbic forebrain, the corpus striatum and the cerebral cortex when measured during 30 min after inhibition of L-amino acid decarboxylase by NSD 1015 (100 mg/kg IP). Simultaneously assayed tryptophan concentrations in the same brain regions were not affected. These results indicate an increase in the in vivo rate of tryptophan hydroxylation in the brain, produced by subchronic salbutamol administration. The effect of salbutamol treatment on brain catecholamine(CA) utilization was estimated by studying the disappearance of CA in the brain after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyltyrosine methyl ester (H 44/68), 250 mg/kg IP, 3.5 h before sacrifice. Subchronically but not acutely administered salbutamol caused both a significant increase in endogenous noradrenaline (NA) levels and an increase NA utilization. Dopamine levels and turnover were, however, not altered by either acute or subchronic treatment. The activation, probably centrally elicited, of brain NA and 5-hydroxytryptamine systems by the subchronic salbutamol regimen supports the concept of beta-adrenoceptor mediated regulation of brain monoamine systems, and could contribute to the clinically reported antidepressant activity of beta-2-adrenoceptor agonists. PMID- 6787637 TI - Fluphenazine pharmacokinetics and therapeutic response. AB - We conducted a double-blind study of therapeutic outcome versus mean steady-state levels in 29 newly admitted schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients who were treated with a constant dose of fluphenazine HCI over a 2-week period. both an upper and lower end of the therapeutic window were suggested by three nonresponders whose plasma levels were above 2.8 ng per ml and by two nonresponders and one partial responder whose plasma levels were below 0.2 ng per ml. The mean terminal half-life of fluphenazine (+ or - SD) was 16.4 + or - 13.3 h. We found that concomitant use of benztropn mesylate during the initial 4 weeks of fluphenazine treatment did not significantly alter fluphenazine plasma levels. PMID- 6787638 TI - The effects of electroconvulsive shock on the discriminative stimulus properties of d-amphetamine and apomorphine: evidence for dopamine receptor alteration subsequent ECS. AB - Sprague-Dawley male rats responding for sweetened milk on a variable interval 20 s schedule of reinforcement were trained to discriminate which of two levers to press on the basis of whether they had been injected with 1.0 mg/kg of d amphetamine or saline prior to daily training sessions. Following acquisition of the discrimination a dose-response generalization function was determined by testing animals on 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.50 and 0.75 mg/kg of amphetamine. Subjects then received either three electroconvulsive shock (ECS) treatments of sham-ECS forty-eight hours after the final treatment all subjects were injected with 0.25 mg/kg of amphetamine and retested. ECS was found to enhance the ability of the animals to discriminate amphetamine. In a second experiment it was found that ECS also facilitated the ability of animals to discriminate the cue properties of apomorphine, a direct dopamine receptor agonist. These results suggest that dopamine receptor sensitivity is altered by electroconvulsive shock. PMID- 6787639 TI - Acute physical dependence induced by continuous intravenous infusion of morphine or meperidine in the rat. AB - An intravenous infusion method is described for rapidly producing physical dependence in rats. Rats were infused with morphine or meperidine for 24 or 48 h at constant rates and the development of physical dependence was assessed by body weight loss after naloxone challenge. Naloxone challenge induced body losses that were dependent upon magnitude, rate and duration of infusion. The steady-state concentrations of morphine (4 mg/kg/h) in serum and meperidine (6 mg/kg/h) in plasma were 4 and 2.5 microgram/ml, respectively. Morphine concentration in the brain in the steady-state (40 mg/kg/h) was 0.7 micrograms 1 g and in the serum was proportional to the infusion rate. Maximum body weight loss was significantly correlated with total amount of infused morphine, but not with the steady-state concentration of the drug in the serum. These results suggest that total doses of infused morphine, not steady-state concentrations, are critical in producing body weight loss. PMID- 6787640 TI - Effects of maturation and aging on behavioral responses to haloperidol in the rat. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated between ages 18 and 825 days for responses to doses of haloperidol (0 and 0.05-10 mg/kg, IP). Catalepsy, ptosis, and inhibition of general motor activity showed steady decreases in sensitivity to the drug with age during the first 1.5 years of maturation, while rats older than 1.5 years had strikingly increased sensitivity to the activity-inhibiting and cataleptic effects of the drug. The efficacy of haloperidol on all tests in 110-day old rats was indistinguishable whether food was available continuously, or restricted to reduce body weight by 55%, indicating that the effects of maturation are due to aging and not to increasing body weight. The effects may be due to altered drug metabolism or altered sensitivity of the central nervous system to neuroleptic agents. Clinical impressions too, indicate that immature and elderly patients are more sensitive to these and other psychotropic drugs than are young adults. PMID- 6787641 TI - Ethanol-induced disturbance in human arousal mechanism. PMID- 6787642 TI - Characterization of withdrawal syndrome of morphine-dependent rats prepared by intermittent infusion technique. AB - The morphine withdrawal syndrome was studied in rats which had been made dependent on morphine administered by the intermittent infusion technique. Rats made rapidly dependent on morphine by an hourly infusion of 0.12-4 mg/kg/h showed a withdrawal syndrome when they were abruptly withdrawn, after infusion for 7 days, or when they were challenged by naloxone after infusion for 4 days. Abruptly withdrawn rats showed a marked weight loss and other mild symptoms. The weight loss seems to mainly due to anorexia, partly because it was attenuated by IV feeding throughout the withdrawal and partly because the fasted rats showed a weight loss comparable to the withdrawn rats. The naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome showed characteristics, which, from their time course of incidence and their three groups; motor excitation, cholinergic signs, and others. These groups and their interrelationships were discussed. All characteristics were suppressed by deep anesthesia with ether or pentobarbital. A sudden fall in blood pressure was indicated in the anesthetized morphine dependent rats immediately after the naloxone challenge. This suggests that the intrinsic withdrawal syndrome was progressing even under anesthesia. PMID- 6787643 TI - Assessment of physical dependence-inducing capacity of narcotic agonists and antagonists in rats by intermittent infusion technique. AB - Narcotics and other drugs were injected into the rat once an hour for about 1 week. Morphine and codeine showed physical dependency with a maintenance dose as low as 9.6 mg/kg/day. Development of dependence was also recorded in rats treated with cyclazocine (9.6 mg/kg/day) and pentazocine (96 mg/kg/day), and suspected in the levallorphan-treated (9.6 mg/kg/day) rats. Dependence on pethidine, which is known to be difficult to detect by the usual method in rats, also developed in this experiment (96 mg/kg/day), but it was estimated to be of lesser degree than that of codeine. Dependence on allazocine (9.6 mg/kg/day) and aminopyrine (96 mg/kg/day) did not develop. Barbital dependence (96 mg/dg/day) was induced, but it was distinguished from morphine-like drugs by the naloxone precipitation test and by substitution experiments. Cross-dependence between morphine and dependence inducing drugs was investigated. Withdrawal weight loss in the morphine-dependent rats was suppressed or attenuated by pentazocine, pethidine, and codeine. Withdrawal weight loss in the rats dependent on cyclazocine, pentazocine, pethidine, or codeine was suppressed by morphine. Intermittent infusion of pentazocine at longer intervals induced dependence not as severe as that induced by 1-h infusion. PMID- 6787644 TI - Pharmacologic manipulations of brain catecholamines and the behavior of Callithrix jacchus (marmoset). AB - In experiment 1, groups of marmosets were injected with 50 - 200 mg/kg L-dopa, 0.5 - 2.0 mg/kg apomorphine (AP), or 0.5 - 5.0 mg/kg methamphetamine. The number of head movements, number of body movements, number of times the tongue was extended, and the time the animal remained in an upright posture were scored during a 90-min period after the injections. L-Dopa and AP induced large dose dependent increases in body movements and time in upright posture. Furthermore, the smallest dose of AP induced self-destructive behavior. The main effect produced by methamphetamine was a constant turning of the head with the body remaining still. In experiment 2, the marmosets were treated with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine (AMPT) or haloperidol prior to challenge with AP or methamphetamine. Haloperidol blocked most of the effects of both drugs, while AMPT blocked only methamphetamine effects. In experiment 3, marmosets were injected with increasing doses of haloperidol for 22 days. Upon withdrawal of the neuroleptic, methamphetamine and AP effects were not increased, suggesting absence of supersensitivity of dopaminergic receptors. PMID- 6787645 TI - Increased platelet monoamine oxidase activity in affective disorders. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase activity was determined in 52 unipolar depressive patients, 26 patients with bipolar affective disorder and 48 controls using phenylethylamine as substrate. Unipolar depressive patients of either sex and bipolar depressive women showed significantly higher platelet MAO activity than controls. Women had higher activity than men. Neither age nor serum lithium level correlated with enzyme activity and there was no significant change in activity after the institution of lithium treatment. PMID- 6787646 TI - Lesion of serotonergic neurons antagonizes clonidine induced suppression of avoidance behavior and locomotor activity in rats. AB - The effects of clonidine on avoidance acquisition and locomotor activity were studied in male Wistar rats with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) lesions of the median raphe nucleus. Lesioned animals showed marked depletion in forebrain serotonin and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid concentrations. clonidine (0.2 mg/kg IP in a single daily dose for 6 consecutive days) inhibited avoidance acquisition and reduced locomotor activity in unlesioned rats. In 5,6-DHT rats clonidine failed to produce depressive effect. The resistance of raphe-lesioned rats to clonidine is discussed on the basis of possible interaction between noradrenergic and serotonergic brain systems. PMID- 6787647 TI - Changes in action of tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants: desipramine and mianserin, on avoidance behavior in the course of the chronic treatment. PMID- 6787648 TI - The partial reinforcement extinction effect after treatment with chlordiazepoxide. AB - Two experiments are reported, in which rats were run in a straight alley for food reward with or without injections of the anti-anxiety drug, chlordiazepoxide (CDP). The experiments were directed to two questions. (1) Can one predict the effects of CDP from knowledge of the effects of a second anti-anxiety drug, sodium amylobarbitone (SA) (2) can the effects of CDP be predicted from the hypothesis that anti-anxiety drugs attenuate responses to conditioned frustrative stimuli? The experiments examined the effects of CDP on the partial reinforcement extinction effect (PREE) at one trial a day. CDP injected throughout acquisition and extinction reduced the PREE. This effect was probably due to the presence of the drug during acquisition. Injected during extinction only, CDP increased resistance to extinction in both continuous and partial reinforcement groups. These effects of CDP were closely similar to those previously reported for SA, thus answering question (1) in the affirmative. The effects of CDP on the PREE were also consistent with the conditioned-frustration hypothesis (question 2). PMID- 6787649 TI - Long-term d-amphetamine in rats: lack of change in post-synaptic dopamine receptor sensitivity. AB - Treatment of rats with d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg) once daily for 25 days did not change locomotor responses, on day 7 of withdrawal, to dopamine (DA) or d amphetamine into the nucleus accumbens. Nor was there a change in 3H-spiperone binding of caudate nucleus membranes. There was no effect of treatment on the locomotor response of rats to 1.0, 1.5 or 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine IP. However, d amphetamine-treated rats were significantly less sensitive to 0.5 mg d amphetamine. Although 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg apomorphine produced in same degree of stereotypy in both treatment groups, there was a significant difference in the response of the two groups to 0.5 mg apomorphine, d-amphetamine-treated animals being less sensitive than vehicle-treated animals. No change was found in brain DA levels with or without synthesis inhibition. The present data do not support the hypothesis that chronic treatment of rats with d-amphetamine can produce supersensitive post-synaptic DA receptors. PMID- 6787650 TI - Effects of chlorpromazine on food-maintained and observing behavior. AB - Pigeons were trained to peck each of two response keys. Periods during which pecks on one key (the food key) produced access to grain according to a random ratio 80 schedule alternated irregularly with periods during which food-key responses had no scheduled consequences (extinction). Both keys remained amber unless a random-ratio 8-response requirement on the second key (the observing key) was met. Completion of the observing-response requirement darkened the observing key and illuminated the food key either red or green for 15 s, depending on whether food could be obtained by pecking the food key. Food-key response rate was high and constant when food could be obtained (and the key was illuminated red). Observing-key response rate was somewhat lower but also constant when the observing key was amber, and near zero otherwise. Increasing doses of chlorpromazine (0.03-17.0 mg/kg, IM) decreased food-key response rate, but sometimes increased observing-key response rate. Additionally, larger doses were required to decrease response rate on the observing key. The differential effect of chlorpromazine upon the two performances may have been due to differences in reinforcer type (conditioned versus unconditioned) or other aspects of reinforcement. PMID- 6787651 TI - Similarity of the discriminative stimulus effects of ketamine, cyclazocine, and dextrorphan in the pigeon. AB - Separate groups of pigeons were trained to discriminate the IM injection of ketamine, cyclazocine, or dextrorphan from saline. Each of the training drugs and phencyclidine produced dose-related, drug-appropriate responding in each group of birds. In contrast, ethylketazocine and nalorphine generally produced responding appropriate for saline. These results indicate that common elements of discriminable effects exist among ketamine, cyclazocine, and dextrorphan, structurally dissimilar compounds that are generally considered to belong to distinct pharmacological classes. PMID- 6787652 TI - Impairment of learning or memory in the mature and old rat by diazepam. PMID- 6787653 TI - The clinical assessment of the pulpotomy technique on teeth of various post eruptive age groups. A four year assessment using standardized clinical methods (II). PMID- 6787654 TI - [Discovery of a monoclonal gammopathy in 2 brothers and its classification by electroimmunodiffusion]. AB - In this work the finding of a monoclonal band in two brothers is communicated. The electroimmunoprecipitation has been used for the typification. This technique seemed to be simple, rapid and of immediate interpretation. PMID- 6787655 TI - [The use of dodecyl-di(beta-oxyethyl) benzylammonium chloride (Bactofen) as a decontaminant in the cultural examination for detection of the Koch bacillus in sputum]. AB - We tried to see whether it was possible to use Bactofen to decontaminate sputum for culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bactofen showed very little bactericidal action on tubercle bacilli, lower than Desogen, and selectively destroyed many contaminants, more actively than benzalkonium chloride. Digested sputum decontaminated with 0.2% Bactofen and then applied to culture media without centrifugation gave good results in growth of colonies. PMID- 6787656 TI - [Clinical significance of diamine oxidase (DAO) in serous effusions of neoplastic and non neoplastic origin (author's transl)]. AB - Diamine oxidase (DAO) levels were investigated in pleural and ascitic fluids of 142 patients suffering from neoplastic and non neoplastic diseases. While in serous effusions of non neoplastic origin or of neoplastic origin (but non containing neoplastic cells) DAO levels were similar to serum levels; in the malignant fluids containing cells of epithelial origin, DAO was very elevated and largely superior to serum values. This results seems to be of practical importance for diagnostic purposes because points out the presence of carcinomatous cells in the effusions. PMID- 6787657 TI - [Prostaglandin synthetase activity in the liver, brain and testicles of F1 (CBA X C57B1) mice under gamma irradiation]. PMID- 6787658 TI - [Results of high-voltage therapy after transurethral tumour resection in carcinoma of the bladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787659 TI - [Early recognition of rejection reactions using 111indium-oxine-labelled thrombocytes]. PMID- 6787660 TI - Leukocyte and 67Ga-citrate dynamics in experimental subcutaneous Streptococcus faecalis infections. AB - The dynamics of white blood cell (WBC) and 67Ga-citrate accumulation were studied in rabbits with subcutaneous polyethylene chambers. Uninfected chamber fluid (CF) contained less than 1,000 WBCs/mm3, most of which were mononuclear. After 67Ga injection, radioactivity increased slowly in uninfected fluid, peaked between 24 and 48 hours, and then gradually decreased. 67Ga scans showed no uptake in excess of background levels around the uninfected chambers. After injection of Streptococcus faecalis directly into the chambers, bacterial concentrations initially decreased, increased by 4-24 hours, and then decreased slightly. WBCs began to increase 4 hours after infection due to influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 67Ga localized in infected chambers before the increase in WBCs. Use of the subcutaneous chamber model could help elucidate the mechanism(s) of 67Ga accumulation at sites of inflammation. PMID- 6787661 TI - The effectiveness of the incidental small-bowel series. AB - The authors reviewed 210 consecutive small-bowel series and found that the rate of positive yield was high when indications suggesting small-bowel disease were applied; however, it was quite low in those studies that appeared to have been requested merely as an addendum to the upper gastrointestinal series. Indications producing a high positive rate are described. PMID- 6787662 TI - Esophageal dysmotility and the sudden infant death syndrome: clinical experience. AB - Symptoms equated with "threatened" or "near-miss" sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were noted during feedings in 4 infants. In each case, barium esophagrams revealed dysmotility. Acute "near-miss" symptoms required cardiopulmonary resuscitation during esophagography in 2 infants. The authors suggest that esophageal dysmotility is a cause of "near-miss" SIDS and most likely is responsible for more fatalities than commonly realized. The cause-and-effect relationship is explained by a vagovagal reaction. Etiologies of esophageal dysmotility and possible prophylactic measures are discussed. PMID- 6787664 TI - [Occurrence of yeast-like fungi in the urogenital tract of patients at a dermato venereological clinic]. PMID- 6787663 TI - Diastrophic dysplasia: the death of a variant. AB - Diastrophic dysplasia is a distinct autosomal recessive disorder originally described in 1960. Since that time, a number of patients with similar but less severe involvement have been diagnosed as having a "diastrophic variant" disorder. This study reviews the radiological features of classic diastrophic dysplasia and compares them with the radiological findings in 26 patients with the diastrophic variant disorder. It is concluded that there is a wide variability in the phenotypic expression of diastrophic dysplasia even within sibships, and that cases of diastrophic variant disorder are actually mild forms of diastrophic dysplasia. PMID- 6787665 TI - [Treatment of urticaria pigmentosa in children with Intal]. PMID- 6787667 TI - [Drug resistance of Salmonella and Shigella strains isolated from soldiers in the tropics]. PMID- 6787666 TI - [Carotenoids (beta-carotene and canthaxanthine) in the treatment of hypersensitivity to long-wave ultraviolet radiation]. PMID- 6787668 TI - [The course of long-term care with fluphenazine decanoate (Dapotum D)]. AB - After 10 years experience with Dapotum D the statistically elaborated studies of catamnesis deal with 76 patients with more than 5 years permanent adjustment. The objective and subjective tolerance is compared (1) with patients with continuous ambulatory adjustment up to now; (2) patients with continuous in-patient adjustments, and (3) patients who withdrew Dapotum D or changed the medicaments after 5 or more years of permanent adjustment. The study shows a significant stabilization of the clinical picture and a surprisingly good permanent compatibility. This compatibility explains itself by the reduction of objective side effects in comparison with the phase of adjustment; the simultaneous habituation to slight extrapyramidal phenomena effects a very high degree of subjective contentment (90% of the patients). This may be supported by the fact that complete withdrawal of such permanent medication causes, in 36.9% of the patients, late dyskinesias with a tendency to slow remission; the latency of which binds doctor and patient, as indicated, to the successful therapy. PMID- 6787669 TI - [Changes in the long-term psychosis following psychotherapy]. AB - The author compares his own schizophrenic patients treated by him and his co workers at the Vienna Psychiatric University Clinic between the years of 1949 and 1959 by 'bifocal family therapy', a method developed by him with a control group. In his own patients he has carried out a 20-year follow-up study assessing a subsequent course of their lives. The control group consisted of schizophrenic patients treated in 1970 at the Vienna Psychiatric Hospital along routine lines by pharmacotherapy. The psychotherapy group (n = 116) assessed by social criteria such as work record, partner relationships, children, or social isolation, invalidism at home or in hospital is clearly superior and approaches normality. Yet even they show ongoing signs of dynamic disturbance in the sense described by Janzarik expansive derailment, instability, emptiness) which have statistical relationships with the types of breakdowns in their life history and the kinds of later partner relationships. The author interprets this socially successful psychotherapy as a help in achieving emancipation in relation to a certain situation which arose in its development, but sees in the continued affinity to the basic dynamic disturbance and its influence on partner choice a risk factor of the newly formed family and the issuing children. PMID- 6787670 TI - [Psychiatric hospitals in motion]. AB - Papers in respect to the topic "On the possibility of influencing the course of psychiatric illness" which were presented at the 5th Steinhof Symposium, October 1979 in Vienna, are summarized with the aim to focus on and to support necessary efforts for an improvement of psychiatric care. Investigations in inpatient populations (Stromgren, E.: Past and future changes in inpatient population; Gabriel, E.: Modifications in inpatient populations of big psychiatric hospitals) showed the importance of institutional differentiation and the similarity of problems in different countries, e.g. Denmark and Austria is mentioned. The papers of Ciompi (Prognosis in rehabilitation of chronic psychiatric patients) and Pfolz et al. (Factors preventing discharge of long-term inpatients from hospital) summarize concepts of inpatient care. In the papers of Schony et. al. (Ward group therapy--its importance for the opening of psychiatric wards) and Lyon (Supervision of community--auxiliary lay workers) modern concepts of a pragmatic psychiatry are described. Trends in psychiatric inpatient care are becoming apparent which raise the hope that psychiatric hospitals will provide- through the aforementioned differentiation--more adequate care for the individual patient. PMID- 6787671 TI - [The Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787672 TI - [Synthesis of high specific activity 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide[6-3H]. PMID- 6787673 TI - Histamine H1- and H2-receptors in canine renal artery in vivo and in vitro. AB - The present work investigates (a) the modification by pretreatment with selective H1- and H2-receptor antagonists on the dose-response curves (DRC) to histamine for heart rate, blood pressure, renal arterial blood flow and renal vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs, and (b) the characteristics of the DRC to histamine in canine isolated renal artery. In vivo, pretreatment with metiamide (10 mg/kg i.v.) did not modify the DRC to histamine. In contrast, significant rightward shift of the DRC to histamine for all the hemodynamic parameters was observed after diphenhydramine (5 mg/kg i.v.). Combined pretreatment with metiamide and diphenhydramine resulted in further rightward displacement of the DRC to histamine. Analysis of the DRC to the relaxant effect of histamine in depolarized (K+ 67 mM) isolated canine renal artery yielded an ED50 of 3.3 x 10( 4) M and a Hill coefficient of 1.74. The results demonstrate the existence of the two types of histamine receptors, H1 and H2, in the renal artery of the dog, both mediating dilator responses, although the H1-receptor appears to predominate. PMID- 6787674 TI - [Liver phospholipid metabolism in Gallus domesticus (author's transl)]. AB - A method is described for the extraction and thin-layer chromatographic separation of phospholipids. Eight separate phospholipid fractions are easily distinguishable. Liver phospholipid metabolism in Gallus domesticus has been studied in newborn chicken (less than 24 h old). (1-14C) serine, 3-14C) serine, (2-14C) ethanolamine and (methyl-14C) choline were used as radioactive precursors. Serine is incorporated as lysophosphatidylserine, ethanolamine as phosphatidylethanolamine, and choline as L-alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine. The observed pathways for serine and ethanolamine incorporation and turnover are the same as those described for mammals; the main pathway for choline is the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine from lysophosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6787675 TI - Comparative effects of indoprofen and indomethacin on rat hypothalamic prostaglandin-synthetase activity. AB - The inhibiting effects of indoprofen were compared with those of indomethacin on prostaglandin-synthetase activity in rat hypothalamus. A dose-dependent inhibition of PG-synthetase activity was obtained after intramuscular administration of both antiphlogistic agents; however, indoprofen was found more powerful. In conclusion, the present experiments provide additional evidence against the idea that pyrogen fever is due to the release of PG's of the E type within the hypothalamus since when comparing results obtained with the two antiphlogistic drugs used, no correlation exists between potency in inhibiting PG's synthesis and antipyretic activity. PMID- 6787676 TI - Presence and induction of drug metabolizing enzymes in rat bone marrow. PMID- 6787677 TI - Immunological maturation of bursal lymphoid cells in young chickens treated with bursa of Fabricius extract. PMID- 6787678 TI - Preliminary investigations on isoenzyme variants of lymphoblastoid cell lines infected wih Theileria species. AB - The electrophoretic mobilities of seven enzymes from eight theileria-infected bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines originating in Kenya and Iran were compared. The isoenzyme patterns of phosphoglucomutase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were the same for all cell lines infected with any of the three Theileria species. Theileria annulata could be clearly differentiated from T parva and T lawrencei on the basis of three enzymes: glucose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase and aldolase. T parva and T lawrencei isoenzyme patterns were alike except for glucose phosphate isomerase, where two sets of isoenzyme mobility were shown which, however, did not separate the two species. PMID- 6787679 TI - Lysine hydrochloride for the control of metabolic alkalosis: a clinical report. AB - Many physiopathological states can produce metabolic alkalosis that must be promptly corrected as soon as it is dangerous. In our study we report the effectiveness of lysine hydrochloride to correct this condition in patients. This drug lowers the pH, reduces the bicarbonate stores, and leads to normal blood gases. PMID- 6787680 TI - Acid-base balance and temperature in a predominantly skin-breathing salamander, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. AB - Blood gases and pH and plasma [Na+], [K+], [Cl-] and [lactate] were measured on arterial blood of the large predominantly skin-breathing salamander, the hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis), at 5, 15 and 25 degrees C, both with and without access to air. Access to air had no effect of any of the acid-base variables, but temperature had significant effects on both pH and PCO2. Blood pH decreased with temperature by about 0.016 unit/degrees C both in vivo and in vitro (over the range studied) which is similar to the change previously observed on other ectotherms. Blood PCO2 rose significantly with temperature while plasma [HCO-3] rose slightly but insignificantly. Other ions were unaffected by temperature. This is the first demonstration that the characteristics ectothermic acid-base response to temperature occurs in a vertebrate respiring exclusively through its skin. We suggest that the response in this animal is essentially passive and uncontrolled and is due to: (1) the proportional effects of temperature upon metabolic CO2 production and blood PCO2, and (2) the temperature independent CO2 conductance of the skin. PMID- 6787681 TI - Comparison of lung diffusing capacity during rebreathing and during slow exhalation. AB - In five normal sitting subjects DLCO and Qc were measured from the disappearances of a stable isotope of carbon monoxide (C18O) and of acetylene with respect to an inert and insoluble reference gas (Helium). Measurements were made during two respiratory maneuvers: (1) during rebreathing both at functional residual capacity (FRC) and near total lung capacity (TLC); and (2) during a slow exhalation at a constant rate from TLC to FRC. Changes in gas concentration were measured at the mouth during both maneuvers with a respiratory mass spectrometer. Mean DLCO was significantly higher during rebreathing near TLC (34.6 ml . min-1 . mm Hg-1) than near FRC (28.8 ml . min-1 . mm Hg). Mean DLCO measured during slow exhalation near FRC (32.7 ml . min-1 . mm Hg) was significantly higher than DLCO measured during rebreathing over the same volume range. Measurements of Qc were not significantly different between the rebreathing and slow exhalation maneuvers. Differences in DLCO between the two methods at FRC were not due to differences in Qc. PMID- 6787682 TI - Carotid chemoreceptor function in ventilatory and circulatory O2 convection of exercising dogs at low and high altitude. AB - Awake dogs were studied before (control) and after chronic bilateral carotid denervation (denervated) at rest and running for 3 min on a treadmill at 8 km . h 1 and at various grades, in an altitude chamber operated either at 140 m or at 4000 m for 3 h. Steady-state pulmonary ventilation (Vg) and breathing pattern (VT, fR), oxygen consumption (MO2), O2 concentrations (C) and pressures (P) in the arterial (a) and mixed venous blood (v), hematocrit (Ht) and acid-base status in arterial blood, and heart frequency (fH) were measured. From these data cardiac output (Vb) and stroke volume (Vs), ventilatory and circulatory requirements (Vg/Mo2, Vb/MO2), extraction of O2 from inspired gas (EairO2) and blood (EbO2), and capacitance coefficient of blood for oxygen (beta bO2) were calculated. Ventilatory responses to transient O2-inhalation were also studied and the aortic (AP) and pulmonary (PP) blood pressures measured in resting conditions. 1. After chronic carotid denervation the hypoxic chemoreflex drive of ventilation was reduced by about half, maximal MO2 remained unaffected at 140 m, but at 4000 m decreased 50% compared to 30% in controls. 2. In all experimental conditions, Vg/MO2, PaO2 and CaO2 were less in denervated animals than in controls, and EairO2, PaCO2 and H+ ion concentration were higher. 3. At 140 m, circulatory O2 convective transport was identical in the two groups of dogs. At 4000 m, beta bO2 increased similarly in both groups, but Vb and Vb/MO2 were higher in denervated dogs than in controls, in relation with reduced CaO2-CVO2 difference which contributed to restore PVO2 towards higher values. 4. At 140 m, mean resting AP and PP were similar in both groups of dogs. At 4000 m, AP increased not significantly in controls, and decreased in denervated animals; PP increased in controls, but not in denervated dogs. It is concluded that integrity of the arterial chemoreceptor drive is essential in determining the eupneic level of ventilation and normal acid-base status of the blood in both resting and exercising dogs, at low and at high altitude, and in reducing the O2 circulatory requirement at high altitude. At 4000 m, the lack of carotid chemosensitivity is accompanied by severe hypoxemia, in association with hypercapnia and acidosis, and by increased cardiac blood flow, most presumably due to decreased peripheral resistance and increased venous return; despite these compensatory changes in circulatory O2 convective transport, denervated animals reach a maximum O2 uptake at lower work load than controls. PMID- 6787684 TI - [Prevalence of Chagas infection in four blood banks of different geographic areas in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787683 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787685 TI - [Von Willebrand's disease and cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787686 TI - [Sequelae of craniocerebral trauma. Neuro-traumatological and medico-legal study. II]. PMID- 6787687 TI - [Liquid medium for culturing Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. AB - An original fluid medium, containing lactalbumin hydrolysate, developed for the cultivation of gonococci is described. The medium is cheap, readily prepared, efficient insuring appraisable multiplication of the microorganism, and can be stored for a long time. In the authors' experience subculture in fluid medium is preferable to other methods used for testing sensitivity to antibiotics. PMID- 6787688 TI - Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin: speculations on transmission per os. PMID- 6787689 TI - Synthetic activity in cell-free systems of ribosomes subunits isolated from Bufo bufo unfertilized eggs. PMID- 6787690 TI - [Hemispheric cystic astrocytoma in neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6787691 TI - Toward impeccable IV technique: taking the worry out of hyperal. Part 1. PMID- 6787692 TI - Toward impeccable IV technique. Taking the worry out of hyperal. Part 2. PMID- 6787693 TI - Unscrambling the dietician's report. PMID- 6787694 TI - Influence of intravenous pirenzepine on gastric acid and pepsin in man. AB - Patients with dyspepsia were asked to volunteer for two gastric secretion tests preceded by a single intravenous injection of pirenzepine 10 mg in the one and 0.9% saline in the other (in random order). In each test gastric secretion was aspirated continuously. 0.9% saline was infused intravenously for 30 minutes followed by insulin 0.15 micrograms/kg-h for 90 minutes, saline for 30 minutes and finally pentagastrin for 90 minutes in doses of either 6, 1, 0.5 or 0.25 micrograms/kg-h. Gastric samples were analysed for volume, pH, titratable acidity and pepsin. Basal outputs of acid and pepsin were not altered by pirenzepine. Insulin-stimulated acid output was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) from a mean of 32.7 to 22.6 mmol/h (-31%). The mean percentage reduction was 16%. Acid and pepsin outputs after pentagastrin 0.25-6 micrograms/kg-h were not significantly altered by this dose of pirenzepine. PMID- 6787695 TI - The role of mucosal carbonic anhydrase in the protection of gastric mucosa against luminal H+. AB - Carbonic anhydrase is exceptionally abundantly present in the gastric mucosa, including the epithelia surface cells. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity with acetazolamide enhances the susceptibility to ulceration in rabbit antrum. It also abolishes the protection against ulceration afforded by intravenous HCO3- in rats. Acetazolamide likewise abolishes the protection against ulceration afforded by the presence of HCO3- in the incubation medium for isolated frog gastric sacs. These findings suggest a protective function for carbonic anhydrase in gastric mucosa. PMID- 6787696 TI - Standards for Factor VIII. PMID- 6787697 TI - Problems in the standardization of Factor VIII assays. AB - An international system of unitage, based on the World Health Organization International Standard, exists for the measurement of factor VIII clotting activity (VIII: C). In recent years, systematic discrepancies between assay results in different laboratories have brought to light two major problems in VIII: C standardization. Firstly, large discrepancies can arise between laboratories even when the same assay method is used. These are due mainly to differences in reagents. Secondly, when assaying plasmas against concentrates, there is, on average, a 20% discrepancy between one-stage and two-stage potency estimates. At least half this discrepancy appears to be attributable to the step of aluminium hydroxide adsorption, which is routine in the two-stage assay, but not used in the one-stage assay. The combined implication of these discrepancies, namely that the result of an VIII: C assay depends both on assay method and on reagents, reveals certain limitations in the present system of standardization. PMID- 6787699 TI - The ICTH/WFH study of the partial thromboplastin time in mild haemophilia. AB - A study has been carried out in two stages to compare the sensitivity of different Partial Thromboplastin Time (P.T.T.) methods to partial deficiencies of factor VIII. In Stage 1, 63 laboratories throughout the world compared their own methods with a reference method, all using samples of the same three mild haemophilic plasmas. Wide variation was found between laboratories using the same method, especially for those methods which were not well standardised. There was fairly good agreement for the reference method. All methods correctly diagnosed the three mild haemophilic plasmas, but their factor VIII levels were rather low. Stage 2 was restricted to seven laboratories in Great Britain, comparing seven well-standardised commercial methods and the same reference method. A much wider range of abnormal plasmas was tested, and a variety of normal ones. P.T.T.'s for all plasmas (factor VIII levels from 5 to 58 iu/dL) fell outside the normal range by all methods, with a few exceptions. It was not possible to rank the methods in any order. PMID- 6787700 TI - Blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in patients with erysipelas and necrotizing fasciitis. AB - Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a skin infection caused by a group A streptococci, resulting in an erythematous lesion with cyanosis and vesicles or bullae leading to gangrene. The condition is prostrating and often accompanied with cerebral confusion. A table of diagnostic scores is given to differentiate initial symptoms and signs of NF from erysipelas (E). Assays of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis together with routine laboratory examinations were made in 12 patients with NF on admission to the hospital and they were compared with similar analyses of 5 patients with E. The NF and E patients showed increased levels of fibrinogen, factor V and factor VIII as well as positive ethanol gelation test, which hypercoagulability as did also decrease antithrombin III and increased levels of fibrinopeptide A. Slightly increased levels of fibrinogen degradation products were also noted. The Hageman factor was low in E compared to NF. In both conditions fibrin formation seems to be enhanced, most probably more extensively in NF. General signs of secondary fibrinolysis were less conspicuous. It is possible that the Hageman factor is activated to modulate the inflammatory response differently in E than in NE. PMID- 6787698 TI - Factor assay (VIII and IX) results in the College of American Pathologists Survey Program (1976-1979). AB - Data from the 1976-1979 CAP Surveys for Factor VIII assays are reviewed. Beginning in 1979, Factor IX assays were also performed by survey participants. Data was obtained from approximately 2500 laboratories and the different instrument-reagents are ranked according to precision and sensitivity. Also, the results of questionnaires on specific assay techniques (1977 through 1979) are analyzed. A trend was noted indicating an increasing number of laboratories are now performing factor assays. There is poor correlation between precision and sensitivity of most systems (i.e., instrument and reagent combination). For any given system, there was considerable variation in precision from a normal Factor VIII levels specimen to a low Factor VIII specimen. This was also the case with respect to Factor IX assays. With respect to the technical aspects of factor assays there was marked interlaboratory variation (i.e., dilution of normal plasma used to construct standard curve, etc.). The need for standardization of factor assays is evident from the survey data. PMID- 6787701 TI - Hormonal effects of different doses of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) in patients with prostatic carcinoma. AB - Ten patients with previously untreated prostatic carcinoma were studied to evaluate the hormonal effects of different doses of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt). The drug was given by mouth in increasing doses; during the first month 70 mg daily, during the second 140 mg, during the third 280 mg and during the fourth and following months 560 mg. The following hormonal parameters were studied before the treatment and then once weekly during a period of four months: testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, cortisol, FSH and LH. The levels of the steroids were also re-assessed one to two years later. The patients were also followed clinically at regular intervals. Initial testosterone levels of approximately 20 nmol/l plasma were reduced to approximately 0.6 nmol/l already by the lowest Estracyt dose of 70 mg/day. No further decrease was obtained by a stepwise increase of doses up to 560 mg/day. The plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, FSH and LH were also reduced significantly following the administration of the lowest daily Estracyt dose and then remained at that low level. Cortisol levels increased steadily during the four months of the study. After longterm treatment the hormonal indices were by and large the same as during the last initial treatment period. Initially, the clinical effect of the treatment was excellent. In 4 patients, however, the therapy had to be discontinued after some time, because of complicating oedema (2 patients) or refractoriness to therapy (2 patients). Three years after initiating the therapy 6 patients still were on Estracyt treatment. All of them were doing well subjectively. In 5 patients the prostatic cancer was in remission or at least stable. In one patient, however, skeletal metastases were progressing. In conclusion, Estracyt was found to possess a maximal hormonal (oestrogenic) effect already in doses far below those usually recommended. PMID- 6787704 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves cardiovascular function in experimental endotoxic and hemorrhagic shock. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone significantly improved cardiovascular function when it was injected intravenously into conscious rats subjected to experimental endotoxic or hemorrhagic shock. Because thyrotropin-releasing hormone appears to be a "physiologic: opiate antagonist without effects on pain responsiveness, it may provide therapeutic benefits in the treatment of shock or acute hypotension. PMID- 6787702 TI - Assessment of immune response during chrysotherapy. Comparison of gold sodium thiomalate vs. auranofin. AB - Auranofin (AF) differs significantly from gold sodium thiomalate (GST) in formulation, i.e., aurous gold is stabilized by dual sulfur and phosphorus ligands, has hydrophobic rather than hydrophilic characteristics, and lacks ionic charge. These attributes facilitate: oral absorption of AF, plasma membrane penetration, increase in intracellular lymphocyte gold concentration and perhaps thereby influence lymphocyte function. AF therapy was observed to affect primarily T rather than B lymphocyte function in 16 RA subjects receiving 6 mg of AF per day for an average of 45 weeks (range 20-74 weeks) compared with GST treated RA subjects. Lymphocytes from AF-treated subjects manifested prompt and sharp declines in mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative response (LPR); suppressed response to skin testing with dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB); and blebbing of lymphocyte membranes as shown by scanning electron microscopy. Suppression of LPR with AF was approximately 60% after the first week and 80% after 20 weeks of therapy, contrasting with 0% and 30% for the respective intervals in GST-treated subjects. DNCB skin testing of AF patients, indicated 11 of 14, failed to respond, whereas all GST patients responded. Local or systemic fungal, bacterial and/or opportunistic infections were not encountered. The effect of AF on B cell effector function, e.g., suppression of immunoglobulins and rheumatoid factor titer, was less marked when contrasted with GST therapy in RA subjects, as previously reported. PMID- 6787703 TI - [Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis: occurrence, epidemiology and prognosis]. AB - Out of 117 cases with acute viral hepatitis, 37 (32%) were classified as hepatitis A, 50 (43%) as hepatitis B and 30 (25%) as hepatitis non-A-non-B (NANB). In 21 of the 30 patients with hepatitis NANB, a possible mode of parenteral transmission could be found. The mean incubation period was 53 days. Only 3 patients had had blood transfusions. 14 (52%) of the 27 patients with sporadic hepatitis (without transfusions) had a mild course of the acute illness without, or with only mild, jaundice and transaminase values below 500 IU. The remaining 13 patients had a more severe form of acute hepatitis (bilirubin above 5 mg/dl, GPT above 500 IU), and in 11 of these 13 cases confluent necrosis was demonstrable on liver biopsy. 10 (37%) of the sporadic cases, of whom 8 had a mild form of acute hepatitis, and the 3 cases of posttransfusion hepatitis, were followed by a chronic course. PMID- 6787705 TI - Serum albumin beads: an injectable, biodegradable system for the sustained release of drugs. AB - Biologically active compounds were entrapped in cross-linked serum albumin microbeads. Injection of these drug-impregnated beads into rabbits produced no adverse immunological reactions. Sustained release (20 days) of progesterone was demonstrated in vivo. PMID- 6787707 TI - Pharmacologic intervention in cardiovascular nuclear medicine procedures. AB - Relevant questions in ischemic heart disease are (1) what is the ischemic threat? (2) What is the extent of ventricular dysfunction? (3) Is the observed dysfunction reversible? Exercise testing can help to identify the ischemic threat. Catheterization studies have shown that resting ventricular dysfunction can be reversed in some patients through pharmacologic or surgical intervention. However, improved ventricular performance in ischemic heart disease may be achieved through a variety of mechanisms. Insight into all components of cardiac performance (regional and global contractillity, preload, afterload, and heart rate) and myocardial perfusion may be required to adequately describe the influence of intervention. Exercise radionuclide ventriculographic studies have demonstrated that stress-induced ventricular dysfunction can be reversed through surgical and pharmacologic intervention. Studies at rest have demonstrated that radionuclide techniques can detect drug-induced changes in ventricular performance in groups of patients. The challenge to cardiovascular nuclear medicine is the prospective identification of patients who would benefit most from aggressive intervention aimed at preventing or reversing ischemic ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6787706 TI - Local corticosteroid injection treatment in rheumatic disorders. PMID- 6787708 TI - The physics of radiation therapy equipment. PMID- 6787709 TI - Radiation therapy with the electron beam. PMID- 6787710 TI - Past, Present, and Prospects of intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR). PMID- 6787711 TI - Genetic association in infertility: ABO, Rh (subtypes), Lea blood groups, G6PD deficiency and haemoglobin types. PMID- 6787713 TI - Cost-effectiveness of duodenal ulcer treatment. PMID- 6787712 TI - Modeling the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of an emergency service system. PMID- 6787714 TI - [Epilepsy]. PMID- 6787715 TI - [Long term monitoring of a patient with a heart valve prosthesis]. PMID- 6787716 TI - Pleural effusion: diagnostic value of measurements of PO2, PCO2, and pH. AB - A review of the literature suggests that the measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2) and pH may provide additional diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic information in the management of pleural effusions. Parapneumonic effusions with a pH less than 7.2 indicate an impending empyema requiring tube thoracostomy in more than 98% of cases. A distinction between a tuberculous pleural effusion and a malignant pleural effusion of recent onset (less than two months) can frequently be made by measuring the pleural fluid pH. In 100% of reported cases, tuberculous pleural effusions have a pleural fluid pH less than 7.4, whereas over 60% of recent malignant effusions have a pleural fluid pH greater than 7.4. Generally, measurements of PO2 and PCO2 have little discriminatory value in determining cause or proper management of pleural effusions. It is recommended that proper anaerobic collection of pleural fluid for pH measurements be obtained routinely in all pleural effusions of unknown cause. PMID- 6787717 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and thyroid status of patients with exogenous constitutional obesity before and after treatment]. PMID- 6787718 TI - [Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of diabetic coma]. PMID- 6787719 TI - [The CO2 laser scalpel]. PMID- 6787720 TI - The effect of intravenous amino acids on plasma amino acid concentration during total parenteral nutrition in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. AB - Plasma aminograms of infants receiving total parenteral nutrition as part of the treatment for necrotizing enterocolitis were studied. Their ages varied from 2 to 60 days and their mean birth mass was 1 621 g (range 760-2 550 g). The intravenous administration of amino acids produced changes in plasma amino acid levels corresponding to the concentration of individual amino acid levels in the solution employed: higher levels of amino acids in the infusate produced increased plasma levels, whereas low plasma levels were obtained for amino acids not present or present in small amounts according to the solution used. The infants did not appear to suffer in any way, but the long-term effects still have to be evaluated. Pending further knowledge in this regard it is suggested that plasma amino acid levels should be maintained as near to normal values as possible. This could probably be achieved by the use of amino acid solutions specially formulated according to the amino acid profile of breast milk or the plasma amino acid profile of normal infants. PMID- 6787721 TI - An oral formulation of gold for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-two patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were entered into a trial during which an oral gold formulation was administered at two dosages (4 mg/d and 6 mg/d) for 12 weeks. Seventeen patients completed the trial. Both dosages produced a similar improvement in the indices of inflammation. Five patients were not benefited by the treatment, adverse side-effects were reported in 10 and 5 were withdrawn from the trial. PMID- 6787722 TI - Gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - During the period 1971-1979, 114 patients with rheumatoid arthritis attending the arthritis clinics at Groote Schuur Hospital and Princess Alice Orthopaedic Hospital were treated with gold sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin). Data obtained from 104 completed protocols showed that 70 patients (67,3%) benefited from chrysotherapy. Forty of these patients went into complete remission. Therapy was discontinued in 58 patients, side-effects accounting for this in 33 cases (31,8%). Adverse reactions included skin rashes in 41 (39%) and renal complications in 16 (14%); 7 (6%) developed haematological complications, which resulted in death in 2 cases. HLA tissue typing in 37 patients with side-effects showed no increase in the HLA Dw2 or HLA Dw3 antigen. There was, however, a significant increase in the HLA DRw4 antigen in both Whites and Coloureds (P less than or equal to 0,008 and P less than or equal to 0,001 respectively). PMID- 6787723 TI - The social work planner in long-term health care: a case study of institutional geriatric care in the Veterans Administration. PMID- 6787724 TI - Costing for social work services. AB - This paper discusses the potential for the development of a cost accounting procedure that monitors both output of service and costs while allowing for though not insuring quality of output. Such a system of costing out can help answer questions of cost effectiveness of social work services. One possible model is utilized to express the process and demonstrate potential benefits to social work services. It offers way of defining and evaluating services with respect to standards of productivity. Necessary components of such a system are defined. It is suggested as a tool for the social work Administrator to consider as a way of clearly and effectively defining needs and defining and "marketing" the services to be provided by the department. It is presented here to encourage further exploration and refinement. PMID- 6787725 TI - Nutritional support of the critically ill patient. AB - Protein-calorie malnutrition is prominent among patients undergoing gastrointestinal tract operations who are admitted as an emergency measure to the intensive care unit. Immediate feedings postoperatively with an elemental diet through a jejunostomy catheter can provide an alternative method of nutritional support in these critically ill patients. In patients with extremely high metabolic demands, it may be necessary to combine enteral feeding with parenteral support to achieve positive nitrogen balance. PMID- 6787726 TI - The response of patients with fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract to parenteral nutrition. AB - Total parenteral nutrition is an effective form of therapy for fistulas of the gastrointestinal tract. In the series, reported mortality in unselected patients on total parenteral nutrition was 26 per cent. However, not all patients respond equally to total parenteral nutrition. Those less than 65 years of age, with nonmalignant disease or completely resected neoplasm have a close to 100 per cent fistula closure rate if no other significant disease is present. However, the elderly patient dies more easily, and there is little improvement in mortality with the use of total parenteral nutrition in this group. Patients with a fistula associated with residual intra-abdominal disease did poorly on total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6787727 TI - ["Artificial pancreas" in the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6787728 TI - The immunological characterization of human antibodies to factor VIII isolated by immuno-affinity chromatography. AB - Nine human antibodies to factor VIII were isolated from haemophilic plasmas by affinity chromatography and gel filtration and six were subsequently subjected to immunological characterization. Three partially purified preparations were similarly characterized. Eight of the antibodies were characterized as being exclusively IgG and one preparation was found to contain IgM. Seven of the antibodies contained only a single light chain type, four being of type lambda and three of type kappa. Two antibody preparations contained both kappa and lambda light chains. In four of the preparations, only a single heavy chain sub class could be demonstrated, three of IgG3 and one of IgG4. Of the remainder, three were a mixture of IgG3 and IgG4 sub-classes and one contained both IgG2 and IgG4. IgG sub-classification could not be achieved with the IgM-containing preparation. These results demonstrate a restricted heterogeneity of light and heavy chains in human antibodies to factor VIII. PMID- 6787729 TI - Influence of omega-aminoacids on the activation of the first component of complement at low ionic strength. AB - Cl, is the first component of human complement, was activated to Cls by diluting human plasma in a solution of low ionic strength. The addition of lysine and its related aminoacids to plasma resulted in inhibition of Cl activation, alpha, omega-diaminoacids such as lysine and ornithine were most effective and omega aminoacids such as 6 aminohexanoic acid were far less effective. Tranexamic acid which is most potent in inhibition of fibrinolysis among those aminoacids was least effective in the inhibition of Cl activation. omega-aminoacids or their analogues hardly inhibited Cls which had already been activated. PMID- 6787730 TI - Effects of divalent cations and various vasoactive and haemostatically active agents on the integrity of monolayers of cultured human endothelial cells. PMID- 6787732 TI - Collie eye anomaly in collies in the Netherlands. AB - The eyes of 160 Collies were examined for Collie Eye Anomaly, Progressive Retinal Atrophy, and any other eye abnormality present. The incidence of CEA in 160 Collies was 40.6 per cent. There were no cases of PRA. Other abnormalities noted were distichiasis, persistent pupillary membranes, distinct remnants of the hyaloid artery, corneal dystrophy and unilateral cataracts. PMID- 6787731 TI - Isoenzyme studies on Theileria (Protozoa, Sporozoa). Enzyme activity associated with the erythrocytic stage. AB - Bovine blood containing piroplasms of Theileria parva, as well as non-infected blood, was lysed and subjected to iso-electric focussing. Staining for 13 different enzymes revealed parasite-associated bands of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) activity, not of any of the other enzymes. There were no variations between individual donor animals in the host cell GPI bands and these bands did not interfere with the recognition of the parasite-associated bands, so that purification of the piroplasms was unnecessary. Blood from cattle infected with T. mutans also gave parasite-associated bands of GPI, but no such bands were seen in zymograms of blood from cattle infected with a Theileria sp. from Japan. Dependent on the level of parasitaemia, up to four parasite-associated bands were found in one strain of T. parva and up to three in two other strains. Among the disadvantages of using piroplasm material for the study of isoenzymes of T. parva is the fact that animals often die before their parasitaemia is sufficiently high, and that some strains never give rise to a high parasitaemia. PMID- 6787734 TI - Effect of sex differences on subcellular distribution of aflatoxin in F-344 rats treated with various risk-modifying factors. PMID- 6787733 TI - [Dying at home - an unrealizable last wish?]. PMID- 6787735 TI - Changes in pulmonary phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes after nitrogen dioxide exposure. PMID- 6787736 TI - Carbaryl residues in tissues and cholinesterase activities in brain and blood of rats receiving carbaryl. PMID- 6787737 TI - The formation of 2,3-dihydroxy-2,3-dihydro-aflatoxin B1 by the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by liver microsomes isolated from certain avian and mammalian species and the possible role of this metabolite in the acute toxicity of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6787738 TI - Toxicity of selected symmetrical hexachlorobiphenyl isomers in the mouse. PMID- 6787739 TI - Increase of evoked release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction by a fraction from the venom of the eastern green mamba snake (Dendroaspis angusticeps). PMID- 6787740 TI - 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl given to mice prenatally produces long-term decreases in striatal dopamine and receptor binding sites in the caudate nucleus. AB - Pregnant CD-1 mice were given 32 mg/kg of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) or corn oil vehicle, by gavage, on days 10--16 of gestation. At 1 year of age, the offspring were tested for spontaneous motor activity; the mice were then killed and dopamine (DA) levels and specific DA receptor binding were measured in the corpus striatum. Mice exposed to TCB in utero had elevated levels of motor activity, which were associated with decreased DA levels and DA receptor binding sites. The results indicate that in utero exposure to TCB might permanently alter the development of striatal synapses. PMID- 6787741 TI - Chromium genotoxicity as influenced by complexation and rate effects. AB - Conclusions as to the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of metal salts can be ambiguous and misleading, especially for metal ions having a high charge/radius ratio, hence a strong tendency to hydrolyze. Using the rec-assay, we determined whether the mutagenicity of chromium salts was reduced by complexation, as in the case of Cr(VI), or induced in the case of Cr(III). We find that several chelants, in proportion to concentration, reduce or eliminate the mutagenicity of Cr2O32-. These include EDTA, salicylate (SA), and Tiron (disodium 1,2-dihydroxylbenzene 3,5-disulfonate). Cr(III) was rendered slightly mutagenic by salicylate and citrate. None of the chelating agents or their combinations were mutagenic. PMID- 6787742 TI - Studies on liver toxicants: influence of bromobenzene on hepatic microsomal enzymes in mice. AB - The effect of acute bromobenzene intoxication on drug-metabolizing liver enzymes was studied. After an oral dose of 3000 mg/kg body weight of bromobenzene, the glucuronyltransferases I and II were increased, indicating an enzyme activation by this organic solvent via membrane irritation. The mixed-function oxidases were inhibited with the exception of the ketamine N-demethylase. Microsomal lipoperoxidation was reduced whilst H2O2 formation was unchanged. PMID- 6787743 TI - Metabolic abnormalities observed in the rat after administration of sodium dipropylacetate. AB - Sodium dipropylacetate (DPA) was administered to 10 normally fed rats and 5 biotin-deficient rats. The effects of DPA were measured on propionic acid and glycine levels in urine and blood; and on hepatic propionyl-CoA carboxylase (PCC) activity. No abnormal amounts of propionic acid were found in the blood and urine of the treated rats. Hyperglycinemia and significant constant hyperglycinuria were observed in all animals given DPA, but without significant differences between normal and biotin-deprived rats. DPA treatment did not affect PCC activity in vivo or vitro. These results indicate that the abnormalities of the glycine metabolism are not linked to an accumulation of propionic acid due to PCC inhibition by DPA. PMID- 6787744 TI - Short-term toxicity studies of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile on humoral immunity in mice. AB - The effect of O-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) on the immune system was studied in mice given 8 and 16 mg/kg body weight i.p. of the compound, daily for 10 days. The humoral immune response to SRBC was suppressed at both doses, as determined by the antibody producing cells in the spleen. To find out whether the immunosuppression observed was due to the indirect effect of CS on the nutritional status and endocrine balance, serum proteins and corticosterone levels were measured. While the serum proteins did not alter, corticosterone levels rose significantly only in mice receiving higher dose of CS. PMID- 6787746 TI - [Results of retrobulbar irradiation in case of benign endocrinous ophthalmopathy (author's transl)]. AB - 83 patients with a benign endocrinous ophthalmopathy were submitted to radio iodine and thyreostatic therapy and to high voltage therapy of the retrobulbar region. The ophthalmologic controls showed that 30% of the treated patients had improved data and 70% had unchanged data. These results were independent from the individual radiation qualities used and the field sizes. PMID- 6787745 TI - The use of provocation tests for the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis caused by Japanese cedar. AB - An anti-allergic agent (disodium cromoglycate; DSCG) was instilled in the conjunctiva of patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis during the quiescent period and, 5 minutes later, a provocation test was administered to the same patients. The extent of improvement of both subjective and objective symptoms and changes in the refractory indices of the tear samples were observed sequentially. Utilizing this method, q quantitative determination of therapeutic efficacy of the anti-allergic agent was attempted. 1. It was confirmed that DSCG improves the allergic responses, i.e., subjective and objective symptoms and the refractory indices of tears, within 5 to 10 minutes after its instillation. 2. It was established that the therapeutic efficacy of DSCG can be judged by the allergic response expressed by the refractory indices of the tear samples. 3. The quantity of the tear sample collected from individuals differs. Difficulties in collecting a sufficient quantity and the time required in the collection procedure present a technical problem in determination of refractory indices. Future improvement in the procedure is expected. PMID- 6787747 TI - Immunochemical characterization and quantitation of human sex steroid binding plasma protein. AB - The interest in the measurement of human sex steroid binding plasma protein (h SBP) is now increasing since it allows the estimation of the free fraction of circulating hormones in plasma. Up to this date, this protein could only be determined by measuring the total binding capacity of serum for dihydrotestosterone (DHT). The purpose of the present work was to purify the protein, to prepare a rabbit monospecific antiserum and to develop an immunoelectrophoretic assay of h-SBP. The immunological assay is specific, accurate and sensitive. A good correlation with the radioligand assay was found. The h-SBP levels obtained by immunoelectrophoretic assay of different serum samples were 5.3 +/- 1.4 (SEM) mg/L in normal men and 13.4 +/- 2.6 (SEM) mg/L in normal women. PMID- 6787748 TI - Cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in the dog during intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin alone and in combination with dopamine. AB - Nitroglycerin, long known as a safe and effective dilator of the large coronary arteries, has recently been shown to dilate the basilar artery of the dog after experimentally induced vasospasm. In this study we have evaluated the effects of intravenous nitroglycerin on local cerebral blood flow (H2 clearance technique) and intracranial pressure (intracisternal needle monitor) in normal beagle dogs (Group 1). In each of 7 dogs, infusion of nitroglycerin at rates of 3, 5, and 10 microgram/kg/min did not change blood flow in the right and left caudate nucleus, thalamus, frontal and parietal cortex. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow remained unimpaired and intracranial pressure remained stable during nitroglycerin infusion. The effects of a combination of intravenous nitroglycerin and dopamine on local cerebral blood flow was evaluated in another group of normal beagle dogs (Group 2). Local cerebral blood flow decreased or remained unchanged in response to intravenous infusion of dopamine at low rates, increased in response to moderate rates and again decreased in response to high infusion rates. These dopamine induced changes in blood flow occurred whether or not nitroglycerin was infused simultaneously. When the vasoconstrictor activity of dopamine was blocked by phentolamine or methysergide, local cerebral blood flow increased at moderate and high infusion rates, again whether or not nitroglycerin was infused simultaneously. Our data suggest that nitroglycerin affects mainly the extracerebral capacitance arteries while dopamine affects the smaller intraparenchymal resistance vessels. Nitroglycerin has little effect on cerebral blood flow even when used in combination with dopamine. PMID- 6787750 TI - Antibody production against MHC-determined antigens presented on allogeneic rat erythrocytes. PMID- 6787749 TI - Cerebral blood flow in rats during physiological and humoral stimuli. AB - The technique for estimating cerebral blood flow (CBF) in anesthetized rats by injecting 133Xe into the internal carotid artery represents a potentially useful and inexpensive model for screening cerebral vascular responses to pathophysiological and pharmacological stimuli. We have examined associated neuropathology, the validity and the reproducibility of the method, and made comparisons of initial slope estimates of CBF with those obtained by stochastic analysis. Initial slope estimates (CBF = 1.62 +/- 0.04 ml min-1g-1, X +/- SE, N = 38) were linearly related to stochastic measurements (CBF = 1.42 +/- 0.09 ml min 1g-1, N = 6), and overestimated mean CBF by about 15%. A reactivity to CO2 of 0.05 ml min-1g-1 per mm Hg, and an auto-regulation range of 70 to 180 mm Hg were found. CBF responses to the intra-arterial infusion of aminergic drugs were determined before and after opening of the blood-brain barrier with hypertonic urea. Serotonin reduced CBF after, but not before, the administration of urea. Acetylcholine increased CBF when the barrier was intact, the effect being augmented when the barrier was disrupted; these responses were reduced by atropine. Histamine increased CBF only after barrier opening, and this response was attenuated by the H2-receptor antagonist, metiamide. These studies indicate that initial slope estimates of CBF derived in rats from intracarotid 133Xe injection, which represents an inexpensive and simplified approach for screening cerebral circulatory adjustments, may facilitate the characterization of stimuli affecting CBF. PMID- 6787751 TI - Monoclonal antibody studies on the evolutionary relationships of Ia antigens. PMID- 6787752 TI - Production of monoclonal antibodies to rat MHC antigens using different myelomas. PMID- 6787753 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rat major histocompatibility antigens. PMID- 6787754 TI - Genetic constraints for transfer of acquired resistance and delayed-type hypersensitivity to Listeria monocytogenes in the rat. PMID- 6787755 TI - Studies on the immune responses to bovine insulin in inbred and wild rats. PMID- 6787756 TI - Presentation to T cells of antigens under Ir gene control in the rat. PMID- 6787757 TI - Can RT1 haplotypes of recipients influence the skin graft survival? PMID- 6787758 TI - Separation of antibody specificities in anti-A.R.T.T-cell sera. PMID- 6787759 TI - Genetic and structural studies on rat kappa chain allotypes. AB - Several features of the RI-1 system in the rat render it of special interest to the immunogeneticist. First, it remains the only kappa chain marker in a laboratory rodent. Second, the degree of structural divergence between the two known forms is unexpected for the products of allelic genes and raises interesting genetic and evolutionary questions. If they are truly allelic, what is the nature of the selective forces that have produced and maintained this polymorphism? If they are not allelic, what genetic structure and control mechanism can account for their allelic expression? The Australian Rattus group is clearly providing a valuable system for studying the nature of kappa chain diversity and evolution. In addition, the possibility of making laboratory crosses between forms that differ both phenotypically and karyologically provides the opportunity of establishing linkage relationships and chromosomal localization for RI-1 and many other biochemical loci. PMID- 6787760 TI - Transplantation of cryopreserved pancreatic islets into the portal vein. AB - Pancreatic islet cells of rats obtained by the collagenase digestion method were preserved from 7 to 10 days at -80 degrees C in a deep freezer or at -196 degrees C in liquid nitrogen with Dulbecco modified Eagle's medium, supplemented with 10% or 20% DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide); thawing was performed in a 37 degree C water bath. Cryopreserved islets were morphologically almost intact, and possessed approximately 50% of the insulin secretion activity of the control groups. About 300 pancreatic islets preserved at -196 degrees C with 20% DMSO were transplanted into the portal veins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Rats recovered from the diabetic state, and the normalized condition was maintained up to 20 weeks, although 4 weeks were needed before blood and urine glucose reached normal levels after transplantation. Intact B cells were found in the transplanted islet cell masses in the liver of the recipients, but B cells of the recipient's pancreases (streptozotocin-treated rats) showed a marked decrease, as well as degenerative changes. PMID- 6787761 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in long-term kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 6787762 TI - A Nigerian long-stay psychiatric unit: a survey of its psychiatric service. AB - The characteristics of 226 patients in a long-stay psychiatric hospital in Nigeria were studied in an one-day survey. 74% of the patients were taken to the centre by close relatives while 23% were referred by the police or courts. The three main psychiatric diagnoses found were schizophrenia (67%), organic psychoses (20%) and affective psychoses (10%). A total of 23% of the patients were in the hospital for more than two years while 35% had spent more than 3 months in the hospital. Seventy-four of the patients no longer received visitors and 63 complained of having no home to go if discharged. The socio-psychiatric implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6787763 TI - [Effect of carcinogenic exposure and tumor growth on the sensitization of C3HA mouse lymphoid cells to normal cell antigens]. AB - The reaction of indirect inhibition of peritoneal cell adherence to glass was used for a comparative study of the reactivity of lymph node cells of mice injected with the hepatocarcinogen DAB (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene) or with its non-carcinogenic analogue DEAB (4-diethylaminozobenzene, or with hepatoma 22a cells. The ability of regional lymph node cells to sensibilization towards normal cellular antigens decreased following the DAB treatment stronger and for a longer time period than that DEAB treatment. To the contrary, the growth or hepatoma 22a was accompanied by an appreciable sensibilization of cells of the regional lymph nodes. The results obtained are discussed in context of of the problem of immune surveillance of cytodifferentiation. PMID- 6787764 TI - Primary neoplasm in vesical diverticulum: comparison of four imaging methods. AB - In presenting the case of a 61-year-old man with a primary squamous carcinoma in a bladder diverticulum, the authors stress the usefulness of applying all the available modalities of imaging, since it has been found that a bladder diverticulum may harbor a neoplasm more often than a normal bladder. PMID- 6787765 TI - DMBA is ineffective in inducing breast cancer in feminized male Holtzman rats. AB - Mammary tissue of male rats "feminized" by in utero treatment with cyproterone acetate, accrues the capacity to convert circulating androgens to estrogens at the mammary tissue level in adult life. DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis was studied in these feminized males to find out whether or not this altered steroid metabolism leading to heightened estrogenicity would increase mammary tumor yield when compared to that seen in normal males, where such conversion is significantly low. Results on the incidence of mammary tumors, tumor pathology and latency period of tumor appearance in these 2 groups, however, do not differ significantly. From observations on mammary morphology of these feminized males it appears that in vivo conversion of testosterone to estrogen probably is not total and that the available testosterone inhibits tumor induction. PMID- 6787767 TI - Chronic effects of the stimulatory luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue D-Ser (TBU) 6-EA 10-LRH on the gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid secretion in women with amenorrhoea. AB - The agonistic analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) D-Ser-(TBU) 6-EA10-LRH was given subcutaneously or intranasally to 21 women with longstanding secondary amenorrhoea in an attempt to induce follicular maturation and ovulation. Seven women were given daily subcutaneous injections of 10 /micrograms of the LRH analogue for 21 days. The pituitary and ovarian responses were monitored by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) in serum. A significant increase of the E2 levels in blood was seen during the first three days of treatment but the E2 elevations were not sustained. No signs of follicular maturation were detected during the treatment. Intranasal treatment with the LRH agonist was instituted in 14 women. Repeated daily low intranasal spray doses (1 - 10 /micrograms) were given. The treatment was continued for 2 - 4 weeks. Intranasal doses of 5 /micrograms and below were ineffective in increasing gonadotrophin and gonadal steroid secretion. An initial gonadotrophin release was observed after intranasal doses of 10 /micrograms and there was a slight increase of the E2 concentrations in serum during the first 2 - 3 days. The pituitary responsiveness to the agonist then decreased markedly during the treatment. None of the 14 women showed signs of follicular maturation during or after the treatment. The pituitary desensitization caused by this potent agonistic LRH analogue seems to limit its therapeutic use for treatment of anovulatory infertility. PMID- 6787766 TI - [Roentgenographic pulmonary findings in long term ventilated multiple trauma patients (author's transl)]. AB - An analysis of roentgenographic pulmonary findings was done in 46 multiple trauma patients on controlled long term ventilation. 67% of the patients sustained thoracic trauma. The most common lung changes were interstitial and intraalveolar pulmonary edema and inflammatory pneumonia related to contusions, atelectasis and aspiration. The pulmonary lesions predominantly occurred in the middle and lower portions of each lung. The thoracic trauma group had four times as many lung changes than the non-thoracic trauma group. Daily roentgenographic controls are necessary in multiple trauma patients to explain a deterioration in pulmonary gas exchange leading to respiratory failure. To demonstrate discrete lesions in lung parenchyma, we recommend the high voltage technique for chest X-rays in intensive care units. PMID- 6787768 TI - A gas chromatographic technique for determination of blood flow and metabolism in individual organs (with special reference to the heart). AB - A method for determining blood flow, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release in individual organs is presented. For blood flow measurement an inert gas (N2O) technique was used. Blood contents of O2, CO2 and N2O were measured by a gas chromatographic method with use of a special vacuum chamber for extracting the gases from blood. There was a strong correlation between the contents of O2 determined by the gas chromatographic and a spectophotometric method (correlation coefficient 0.953). Good agreement was found between CO2 in gas samples analysed by the Scholander technique and by the gas chromatographic method. A correlation coefficient of 0.998 was obtained between the N2O content calculated theoretically and that determined by the gas chromatographic technique. The new technique presented makes it possible to calculate blood flow in ml/100 g tissue/min, O2 uptake and CO2 production in an individual organ, whereby the predominant type of metabolism in the organ can be ascertained. PMID- 6787769 TI - Case profile: calyceal diverticulum causing recurrent urinary tract infection. PMID- 6787770 TI - The efficiency of microbial retention by peritoneal dialysis filters. PMID- 6787771 TI - Participation of red blood cells in bicarbonate transport across the dialyzer. PMID- 6787772 TI - Delivery of the topical antimicrobial agents silver sulfadiazine, gentamicin and nystatin to infected burn wounds in rats from preloaded synthetic dressings. AB - 1. A synthetic burn dressing made from polyethylene glycol - 400 (PEG) and poly-2 hydroxyethyl methacrylate (PHEMA) can be prepared to contain topical antimicrobial agents. 2. Sheets of these antimicrobial loaded dressings may be applied to the wounds or alternatively, the synthetic dressing incorporating the active drugs may be formed directly on the burn wound from the PEG-PHEMA drug mixture. 3. The antimicrobials (silver sulfadiazine, gentamicin and nystatin) are continuously and effectively released from the solid dressing over 2-11 days. PMID- 6787773 TI - Prothrombin complex concentrates in hemophiliacs with inhibitors--a multicenter therapeutic trial. PMID- 6787774 TI - Cryoprecipitate shortens the bleeding time and reduces bleeding complications in patients with uremia. PMID- 6787775 TI - Relationship between waking and sleeping ventilatory responses to carbon dioxide. PMID- 6787776 TI - An inhibitor of the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid, inhibits immunoglobulin E mediated antigen induced monkey asthma and skin reactions. PMID- 6787777 TI - Cryosurgical instrumentation. PMID- 6787778 TI - Cryosurgical treatment of skin diseases. PMID- 6787779 TI - [The effect of long-term feeding of higher doses of urea on clinical and biochemical indicators in sheep]. AB - During feeding 120 g of urea per head/day to four-year wethers for nine months it was observed that for the whole period the animals accepted the feed with appetite, the rumen motility and body temperature were within the physiological standard. In both groups of animals (three animals experimental and three animals control) a higher breathing frequency was found. In experimental (control) animals the levels were as follows: plasma calcium 2.62 +/- 0.17 mmol . 1(-1) (2.66 +/- 0.16 mmol . 1(-1)), inorganic phosphorus 2.35 +/- 0.33 mmol . 1(-1) (2.40 +/- 0.47 mmol . 1(-1), sodium 148.25 +/- 5.65 mmol . 1(-1) (151.09 +/- 5.71 mmol . 1(-1), potassium 5.02 +/- 0.46 mmol . 1(-1) (5.02 +/- 0.74 mmol . 1(-1)), magnesium 1.00 +/- 0.14 mmol . 1(-1) (0.98 +/- 0.10 mmol . 1(-1)), chlorine 107.86 +/- 12.86 mmol . 1(-1) (106.92 +/- 11.12 mmol . 1(-1)), total protein 69.9 +/- 7.8 g. 1(-1) (70.2 +/- 8.1 g . 1(-1)), glucose 3.97 +/- 0.68 mmol . 1(-1) (4.48 +/- 1.01 mmol . 1(-1)), urea 11.20 +/- 3.23 mmol . 1(-1) (7.61 +/- 1.89 mmol . 1(-1)), osmotic pressure 299.27 +/- 12.91 mosm . kg-1 (298.63 +/- 10.44 mosm . kg-1). By statistical t-test evaluation a significant difference in plasma urea in favour of the experimental animals was found. As to the other followed values, a statistically significant difference between the two groups, and that in favour of the control animals, was found only as regards the pulse rate. PMID- 6787780 TI - [Occurrence of PR-toxin-producing Penicillium roqueforti in corn silage]. AB - Feeding the maize silage infected with the mold Penicillium roqueforti resulted in 112 dairy cows in the loss of appetite, stoppage of rumen activity and gut inflammation. The abortion of first-calvers in the seventh and eighth month was observed. The mold P. roqueforti produced on the sterile maize silage, at the temperature of 20 degrees C, up to 160 mg of PR-toxin per kg after 22 days of cultivation. The maximum production in the liquid medium was 900 mg of PR-toxin per litre, at the temperature of 13 degrees C after 50 days of cultivation. The isolated PR-toxin was identified spectrophotometrically and by the thin-layer chromatography after detection by 3-methyl-2-benzothiazoline-hydrochloride. The dose of 0.01 microgram PR-toxin was extremely toxic for 40-hr old chicken embryos.U PMID- 6787781 TI - [Choosing a method for detecting ochratoxin A in kidneys]. PMID- 6787783 TI - [Relations of certain indicators of ejaculate quality of breeding boars to seasonal changes in the microclimate in pigsties]. AB - A yearlong evaluation of the semen volume, concentration and number of morphologically abnormal sperms of 1722 ejaculates from 53 boars of Large White, Duroc and Landrace breeds housed in one building was performed. Simultaneously, continuous registration of temperature and of the relative humidity of the sty climate was performed, and the cooling value and the air flow in the sty were determined. In the followed period also the conception rate of sows after the first insemination by semen of the studied set of boars was evaluated. In summer season, at the increased and high temperatures and the relative sty humidity and at the lower air flow, the lowest average volume of ejaculate, the highest average sperm concentration and the minimum average number of abnormal sperms were recorded. In winter season, from the microclimatic viewpoint characterized mainly by the optimum air temperature but by high relative humidity and by excessive air flow, the highest average ejaculate volume with a lower average sperm concentration and with a maximum occurrence of abnormal sperms was recorded. The parametric differences in ejaculate quality in summer and winter seasons were statistically significant, however, their variations did not exceed the spermiologic standard throughout the year. The found decrease in conception rate of sows after the first insemination by the semen of the followed set of breeding boars in warm months is obviously to be attributed to the sows or to the changes of other andrological criteria than those being subject of this study. PMID- 6787782 TI - [The effect of testosterone administered in the neonatal period on the growth of piglets]. AB - The body weight, metabolic parameters and adrenocortical activity were followed in 38 piglets administered intramuscularly testosterone propionate at the dose of 4 mg . kg-1 one day after birth. In the treated gilts the body weight gains were increasing from the very beginning and at the age of 42 days their weight was on the average by 590 g higher than that of the control animals from the same litter. No differences in the concentration of the total protein, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids and blood serum cholesterol were observed during 14 days after weaning. Just a lower increase in the urea level than in the control animals suggests a possibility of the positive impact on protein metabolism. The differences in parameters of adrenocortical activity were neither significant nor explicit. In piglets of both sexes with the birth weight under 1 kg the neonatal testosterone application did not affect the number of the reared animals, however, it increased the growth rate. At the age of 42 days the treated piglets weighed 8.48 +/- 1.96 kg, on the average by 790 g more than the control animals. A discussion is presented on the importance of testosterone for the development of piglets and on the potential mechanisms of the neonatal androgenization in comparison with the findings known from the masculinization of the neural development of female rats. The administration of testosterone to new-born piglets with the weight below the average should be verified as a biotechnical method enabling a more successful rearing. PMID- 6787784 TI - [Adiaspiromycosis in small mammals in large capacity pigsties in the Trebon basin]. AB - From 1977 to 1979 a study on the occurrence of adiaspiromycosis was performed on three animal farms in South Bohemia. In 113 examined small mammals from the farms and their neighbourhoods adiaspiromycosis was detected in M. arvalis living both in the fields in the precincts (7/613, i. e. 1.14%) and in the grassy areas inside the three animal farms (5/221, i. e. 2.3%). By that time no adiaspiromycosis was found in small mammals living in the farm buildings. The obtained results were compared with the results achieved at the control locality Klec, in the same geographical region, where adiaspiromycosis had been followed for 15 years. At the control locality adiaspiromycosis was found in further four species of small mammals: Talpa europaea, Erinaceus europaeus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Ondatra zibethica. The occurrence of adiaspiromycosis inside the farms is a serious epizootological finding. From the viewpoint of maintaining and circulation of pathogen is on the studied farms undoubtedly of major importance M. arvalis, forming here permanently living residential populations. PMID- 6787786 TI - [Hearing disorders and measures for their prevention]. PMID- 6787785 TI - [Lactic acid in the blood of heifers after administration of adrenaline and its relationship to pregnancy]. AB - In the period prior to insemination, the concentration of lactic acid in the blood serum before and after adrenaline administration was determined in two groups of heifers. After the evaluation of the course of pregnancy, parturition, puerperium and further insemination, the animals were divided into groups of fertile animals and animals with fertility disorders. The fertile heifers had a higher level of lactic acid and higher body weight. The results are evaluated in relation to glycide metabolism and to the adaptability of the organism. PMID- 6787787 TI - [Post-traumatic rehabilitation of the hand with peripheral nerve injuries]. PMID- 6787788 TI - [Auxiliary personnel's role in the solving of ambulatory conditions in various cases in the framework of the cardiologist's office]. PMID- 6787789 TI - [Prevention of intra-hospital infections in the Baia Mare Hospital]. PMID- 6787790 TI - [Methods and effectiveness of rehabilitation with balneo-physical means in patients with post-traumatic disorders of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6787791 TI - [The distribution of drugs in strictly supervised treatment]. PMID- 6787792 TI - [Health education in the obstetric-gynecologic department]. PMID- 6787793 TI - [Role and importance of auxiliary health personnel with management functions in increasing the quality of medical care]. PMID- 6787794 TI - Investigations on the presence of cyanophages in fresh and sea waters of Romania. AB - Investigations on the presence of cyanophages in the fresh and sea waters of Romania resulted in the isolation of 31 strains. The host range of the cyanophage isolates showed some particularities as compared with classical cyanophages types. The electron optic study of the cyanophage strains grown in Phormidium sp. revealed the presence of three types of virus particles, differing as regards their tail length, with a morphology similar to that of T-odd coliphages. PMID- 6787795 TI - Sequence of morphological alterations in blue-green algae in the course of cyanophage infection. AB - Electron microscopic studies were performed on the sequence of morphological alterations induced by the cyanophage PP-1 in the blue-green algae Phormidium sp. and Plectonema boryanum. The following phases of virus infection were made evident: virus adsorption onto the host cell; the presence of virus "ghosts", suggesting the penetration of viral DNA into the cell and its multiplication in the nucleoplasm; invagination of thylakoids and formation of the "virogenic stroma"; virus maturation within the "virogenic stroma"; cellular lysis at 48 hours post inoculation. PMID- 6787796 TI - Investigations of HBe antigen. Note I. Prevalence of HBeAg and anti-HBe in the stationary phase of HBsAg-positive acute viral hepatitis. AB - The presence of HBeAg and anti-HBe was investigated in 1,088 serum samples from 436 patients with HBsAg-positive acute viral hepatitis. The prevalence of HBeAg in the initial serum samples (collected upon hospital admission) was of 37.47%. In view of the results obtained with serial serum samples collected at 1-week intervals the patients could be grouped into 4 categories: 1) seroconversion; 2) persistence of HBeAg; 3) presence of anti-HBe and 4) other serological sequences, irregular as compared with the former ones. Some serological characteristics point to a similar pathogenic behaviour in the first 3 categories, distinct from that of the patients belonging to the 4th category; the difference is ascribed to deficiencies in the immune response to hepatitis B virus antigens. PMID- 6787797 TI - Antigenicity of influenza virus hemagglutinin following chemical modification. PMID- 6787798 TI - Characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for Friend murine leukemia virus-induced erythroleukemia cells: friend-specific and FMR-specific antigens. PMID- 6787799 TI - [Combination chemotherapy including anablastine in disseminated breast cancer]. AB - A course of combined therapy (adriablastin, cyclophosphan, vincristine and, in some cases, 5-fluorouracil) was given to 50 breast cancer patients with metastases of different localization. Therapy was conducted in 8 day series spaced by 3--4 week intervals; a total of 135 series were administered. Responses of varying degree was registered in 62% of cases. The said combined chemotherapy is highly effective in treatment of metastatic lesions of bones Out of 19 patients, bone reparation was observed in 8 cases (42.1%) and pronounced symptomatic and subjective improvement -- in 13 cases (68.4%). The suggested schedule of therapy has a low toxic effect and may be recommended for integration with medical practice. PMID- 6787800 TI - [Effect of beta-galactosidase treatment on the degree of milk protein dispersity and digestibility by digestive proteinases]. AB - The effect of enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose in the milk on protein dispersity under acid coagulation and on their attackability by alimentary proteinases has been studied. It has been established that the enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose increases dispersity of casein particles, lowers viscosity, and facilitates the formation of the curds which are better attackable by alimentary enzymes. PMID- 6787801 TI - [Possibility of obtaining low-lactose infant dairy products by using beta galactosidase]. PMID- 6787802 TI - Groupamatic system: overview, history of development and evaluation of use. AB - This paper presents an overview and history of the Groupamatic system from the original conception by C. Matte through the present Groupamatic 360-C and the Minigroupamatic. The report includes the results of a recent evaluation in which 79 centres throughout the world participated. PMID- 6787803 TI - Automation of laboratory data for hospital patients. AB - Computer schemes for a large automated serology service and for tissue typing and organ transplantation which are in operation in Birmingham, England, are described. Each scheme is self-contained and compact, and has been in successful operation for several years. PMID- 6787804 TI - [Current concepts of the major histocompatibility complex and the relationship of the HL-A system in disease]. PMID- 6787805 TI - The entry level revisited. PMID- 6787806 TI - Educational needs of nurses in Eastern and Western Washington. PMID- 6787807 TI - Credentialing in nursing. PMID- 6787808 TI - Newer antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 6787809 TI - [Failure of antibiotic therapy of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis]. PMID- 6787810 TI - [Sources of cross infections in tuberculosis clinics]. PMID- 6787811 TI - [Postcholecystectomy syndrome: endoscopic and radiological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - 542 patients were subjected to ERCP at various periods after cholecystectomy. In this selected patient material there was a 56% incidence of morphological abnormalities in the biliary system, stenosis of the papilla and choledocholithiasis being the most frequent pathological findings. Laboratory examinations proved to be irrelevant with respect to the morphology of the bile ducts. A direct relationship between the clinical symptoms and the surgical procedure was established only in cases presenting with biliary duct stenosis (11% of all cases examined). In the majority of patients the postcholecystectomy complaints were due to incorrect surgical indication or inadequate surgical technique. Postcholecystectomy syndrome can be prevented by more accurate evaluation of the patient prior to and during surgery. PMID- 6787812 TI - [Zinc-protein binding in different types of milk and the effect of pepsin (author's transl)]. AB - Human milk, cow milk and an infant formula containing skimmed milk and demineralized whey with and without added ZnSO4 were separated by gel chromatography. The bulk of zinc from all four types of milk eluted with a high molecular protein fraction. In human milk zinc in an additional peak which corresponded to a protein fraction with an approximate molecular weight of 10(4) Daltons. The zinc-binding ligands described in the literature are of comparable size. After incubation with pepsin at pH 2, all zinc was eluted from human milk with the low-molecular protein fraction (1-1.5 x 10(4) Daltons). Incubation of the infant formula also resulted in the appearance of a new zinc peak at 1-1.5 x 10(4) Daltons. These data show that zinc-protein binding is markedly affected by peptic digestion. It appears possible that low-molecular zinc-binding ligands are present in milk types other than human milk and that they are released from aggregated by peptic digestion. PMID- 6787813 TI - [Biochemical basis for the determination of soybean protein with immunological methods]. AB - Soy-bean protein loses its immunogenicity by heat treatment through thermal denaturation. Incubation with 6m guanidine-hydrochloride restores the immunogenicity. This reagent causes dissociation of protein aggregates formed during autoclaving of soy protein. This seems to be the major step in the restitution of immunogenicity. These findings are discussed in connection with the quantification of heat-denaturated soy-bean protein by two independent immunologic methods: Solid-Phase Radioimmunoassay and Passive Hemagglutination (inhibition test). PMID- 6787814 TI - [Understanding disorders in the regulatory cycle of the thyroid. Significance for diagnosis and therapy]. AB - In the regulating circle for the regulation of the functions of the thyroid gland interactions exist between hypothalamus, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and the concentrations of the thyroid hormone at the periphery. By means of the TRH-test the secretory work of the thyrotropic function of the hypophysis depending on the activity of the thyroid hormone can be judged. On the other hand, the T3-suppression test (radioiodine test before and after application of T3) allows a statement on the hypophyseal-thyroidal regulation. In contrast to the exclusive determination of the peripheral thyroid hormones by means of the TRH-test an etiologic differentiation of hypothyreoses and an essential improvement in the diagnosis and conduction of the therapy of thyroidal diseases and functional disturbances is made possible, as it is demonstrated at instances. By means of the T3-suppression test it is possible to establish, still under the treatment of a diffuse hyperthyreosis, whether the function of the thyroid gland is again regulated by the hypophysis or is still autonomous. Together with the result of the TRH-test decisions may be rendered on the end of the treatment or on the further course of the therapy. PMID- 6787816 TI - [House dust mite allergy and allergic bronchial asthma (1). House dust, occurrence and biology of the house dust mite, the house dust allergen]. PMID- 6787815 TI - The fine structural relationship between Theileria schizonts and infected bovine lymphoblasts from cultures. AB - The fine structure of Theileria-lymphoblast relationship was studied using cultured bovine lymphoblastoid cells infected with Theileria parva, T lawrencei, or T. annulata. The major findings of this study were: (1) the presence of a very active Golgi complex with the associated annulate lamelae; (b) the presence of cytoplasmic microtubules which joined the parasites and host cell centriole during lymphoblast mitosis; and (c) the absence of morphological evidence to suggest that the host cell developed a reaction to the parasitic presence. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6787817 TI - [2 cases of unusual outcome of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 6787818 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A and its role in the pathogenesis of pyocyaneus infection]. PMID- 6787819 TI - [Classification of precipitates formed by meningococcal group antigens during counterimmunoelectrophoresis]. AB - In counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) of group meningococcal polysaccharides and meningococcal diagnostic group-specific antisera the manifestation of precipitate formation depended on the concentration of the antigen: with the increase of the group polysaccharide concentration the reaction became less pronounced up to complete disappearance of the precipitate, which could be the cause of pseudonegative reaction. Precipitates formed in the CIE of group polysaccharides differed in their form and appearance. To evaluate the CIE results, the classification of the precipitates has been proposed by dividing them into 3 categories differing in their appearance. The category of the precipitate indicates the specificity of the reaction. CIE has allowed one to reveal the immunological heterogeneity of meningococcal group polysaccharides. PMID- 6787820 TI - [Experimental mycoplasma-staphylococcal pneumonia]. PMID- 6787821 TI - [Biochemical and serologic study of Acholeplasmae isolated from monkeys]. AB - Biochemical and serological properties of mycoplasmas isolated from the blood, feces and parenchymatous organs of monkeys have been studied to determine their species. It was established that the isolated strains belong to the family Acholeplasmatoceae. The study of their biochemical properties in different tests has revealed the presence of 5 biochemically heterogeneous groups. Their serological properties suggest that 13 out of 45 strains are identical to the reference strain of A. laidlawii A, and all other strains have been classified as new Acholeplasma species which have never been isolated from monkeys before. PMID- 6787822 TI - [Coagglutination test and its application to the rapid diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis]. AB - Modified technique of slide coagglutination test for detecting meningococcal group-specific antigens in the spinal fluid of patients with meningococcal meningitis has been developed. Precipitating meningococcal sera, groups A, C, X, Y, Z, were conjugated with formalin-treated staphylococcal cells, strain Cowan-I. To prevent nonspecific reactions, 5-minute boiling of the spinal fluid specimens is suggested. 111 specimens of spinal fluid were taken from 75 patients at different periods of the disease. All patients were administered antibiotics, and therefore the etiology of the disease was bacteriologically confirmed only in 31% of patients. Coagglutination test was positive in 56.7% of patients, the frequency of positive results reaching 71% during the first 4 days of the disease. The specimens of spinal fluid taken from the control group of patients yielded not more than 2% of the positive results. Coagglutination test is recommended as a rapid test for diagnosing meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 6787823 TI - [Antigenic characteristics of various toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of C. diphtheriae var. gravis]. PMID- 6787824 TI - The multifunctional actions of beta-thujaplicin on the oxidative energy transformations as a consequence of its lipophilic and chelating properties. AB - The influence of the fungicidic compound beta-thujaplicin (beta-isopropyl tropolone) on the energy transformation processes of oxidative phosphorylation was investigated in isolated rat liver mitochondria with succinate (plus rotenone) as substrate. To elucidate the observed strong inhibition of active respiration by beta-thujaplicin three possibilities were assayed: the inhibition of 1) transport processes across the inner mitochondrial membrane for inorganic phosphate, adenine nucleotides, or succinate, 2) electron flux along the respiratory chain, and 3) mitochondrial ATPase. In this respect a remarkable inhibition of both Pi transport and the translocation of adenine nucleotides could not be observed. However, the effective suppression of the DNP-induced ATPase by beta-thujaplicin explains the pronounced inhibition of active respiration. An impairment of succinate transport and the measured partial inhibition of the terminal respiratory chain at the level of cytochrome oxidase contribute to the less marked inhibition of the uncoupled respiration. The ability of beta-thujaplicin to extract mitochondrial Mg++ and the prevention of the effects of beta-thujaplicin by an excess of Mg++ in the medium suggest a common mode of action of beta-thujaplicin as a lipophilic chelator of Mg++ and other divalent cations. PMID- 6787825 TI - [In vitro cultivation and behavior of aortic endothelium cells in a low serum culture medium]. AB - Endothelial cells isolated from calf aorta were used in the subculture No. 4 to 10 for experiments to establish standardized and well reproducible conditions of cultivation. The cells can be cultivated in the commercial medium Eagle-MEM with following supplements: 0.1 g L-glutamine, 5.0 g peptone, 0.5 g serum albumin, and 10 ml (= 1%) bovine serum per 1000 ml medium (MEMPAS). With the aid of immunofluorescence technique the cell type specific marker Factor VIII antigen was shown to be localized especially in the perinuclear region of the cells. The cells were characterized with regard to their growth behaviour. Both, the MEMPAS and the Eagle-MEM with 10 per cent serum increases the cell number in the first 4 days of the exponential growth to the same values. The use of MEMPAS in connection with a strict cultivation regime from the deep frozen cell suspension to culture in scintillation vials guaranteed well reproducible conditions of cultivation. In 14 non-selected experiments distributed over a longer period of time it was found that with regard to the values of the cell number on the respective day the cultures can be divided into two groups, which differ with statistical significance. In further experiments it was possible to confirm this result. Medium, conditioned by endothelial cells (K-MEMPAS) increases the cell number and the growth rate. From these results it was concluded that endothelial cells of vessels are able to produce growth factors with self-stimulating effects. At this time the endothelial cell line is stored in deep frozen state up to the 25th subculture. The endothelial cells cultivated in the described standardized conditions are useful for screening of cell type specific factors with angiogenic activity. PMID- 6787826 TI - On the association behaviour of lipoxygenase of rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 6787827 TI - Central hemodynamics during CO2 challenge and its relation to PCSF CO2. PMID- 6787828 TI - C-peptide blood levels in keto-acidosis and in hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic coma. AB - For further evaluation of B-cell secretion in diabetic keto-acidosis (KA) and in non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma (NKHC), basal and post-i.v. tolbutamide blood CPR and IRI values were measured in 34 patients (22 KA and 12 NKHC). FFA, cortisol and HGH measurements were also performed. IRI was low in both KA and NKHC (0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.082 +/- 0.01 nmol/l) as opposed to CPR which was significantly higher in NKHC (1.14 +/- 0.1 nmol/l) than in KA (0.21 +/- 0.03 nmol/l). After tolbutamide injection, CPR and IRI levels did not change in any of the KA cases, whereas they significantly increased in half of the NKHC cases. Cortisol and FFA values were similarly increased in both situations, as opposed to HGH which was significantly higher (6.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) in KA than in NKHC (1.9 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). These results suggest that B-cell function is less deficient in NKHC than in KA. Residual insulin amounts reaching the liver via the portal vein could partly account for the absence of ketosis in NKHC. PMID- 6787829 TI - Plasma angiotensin II concentrations in diabetic ketoacidosis and in hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycemia. AB - Plasma angiotensin II concentrations were measured in 14 patients in diabetic ketoacidosis and in two patients with hyperosmolar non-ketotic hyperglycemia, before treatment and again when blood glucose control was restored. In the ketoacidosis group plasma angiotensin II before treatment was markedly raised in all patients with otherwise uncomplicated diabetes, but was within the normal range in some patients with long-term complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy. Mean angiotensin II before treatment was significantly higher in otherwise uncomplicated patients than in those with long term complications. However, plasma angiotensin II decreased with improved control in all. Angiotensin II levels did not correlate with indices of rehydration such as changes in blood urea, packed cell volume and calculated changes in plasma volume. There was, however, a significant negative association between pre-treatment angiotensin II and pH. Two patients with hyperosmolar non ketotic hyperglycemia were more dehydrated but less acidotic. Pre-treatment angiotensin II in each was well below the mean of the ketoacidosis group. These data are further evidence that the renin-angiotensin system may be imparied in diabetics with long-term complications. In addition, they suggest that factors other than fluid depletion are also important in activating the renin-angiotensin system in uncontrolled diabetes. PMID- 6787830 TI - [The studies on the individualized treatment and hormonal patterns during the administration of HMG-HCG in anovulatory women (author's transl)]. AB - Repeatedly, we tried to give an devized treatment of HMG-HCG therapy to the three women who had different degree ovulatory disorder. Throughout the study, we observed BBT, cervical mucus and the changes of blood hormones levels until all three women got pregnant. 1) As much difference was bound in the individual ovarian sensitivity to gonadotropin, we observed the ovarian reaction administering of HMG (150 IU) every day. 2) When we observed some maturity of ovarian follicles, we decreased amount of HMG to the level of FSH in the normal menstrual cycle. 3) Considering the days needed to form follicular maturation, we changed HMG to HCG 4 or 5 days after cervical mucus increased to 0.2 ml. or more and showed 2-grade of crystallization. PMID- 6787832 TI - Aspects of major bone and joint replacement and its cost effectiveness. PMID- 6787831 TI - Operative treatment of ankle fractures. AB - In an unselected prospectively planned series of 611 ankle fractures 25% were of the AO (Weber) type A, 56% type B and 13% type C; 4% were impact fractures. The fractures were also classified according to Lauge Hansen's system, which was considered more complicated and not suitable for planning of operative treatment. Lauge Hansen's theory of the mechanism of the supination-eversion (SE) injury is questioned--outward rotation does not seem to be obligatory for the typical SE injury. 345 fractures were operated on, and 327 (95%) of them were followed up 1 6 years after operation. The range of motion was measured as loaded dorsal extension (normal value 33 degrees) and loaded plantar flexion (normal value 45 degrees). The clinical results were "excellent" to "good" for 81% of the dislocation fractures, 38% of the impact fractures and for two of the six combined shaft/ankle fractures. In 14% of the dislocation fractures and 50% of the impact fractures posttraumatic arthritis developed. There was a significantly higher degree of arthritis among the patients with a posterior articular surface bearing fragment. There was also a strong correlation between the degree of arthritis and poor clinical results. The clinical and radiographic results from use of the AO (ASIF) method were better than those of conservative treatment or other operative methods. According to an AID analysis the most important factors for the final outcome were: 1) type of fracture, 2) accuracy of operative reduction and 3) the patient's sex. PMID- 6787833 TI - Disposition of[2-14C]flavone in the rat. PMID- 6787834 TI - Stroke volume and cardiac output hypoxemic hypoxia produced by intravenous infusion of carbon dioxide. AB - Hypoxia produced by intravenous infusion of gaseous carbon dioxide was associated in conscious rabbits with decreases in cardiac output and stroke volume. At the same time the arterial blood pressure, oxygen uptake and blood pH decreased, whereas carbon dioxide pressure and lactate level in the arterial blood increased. Pulmonary ventilation increased too, due to the rise in the respiratory frequency and tidal volume. The fall in cardiac output and stroke volume explains a great fall of oxygen uptake in response to decrease of oxygen pressure in the blood. PMID- 6787835 TI - Plasma biochemical changes and acid-base equilibrium changes in capillary blood nursing frequency repeated submaximal physical exercise in untrained subjects. AB - The reported investigations were carried out on healthy men aged 20--22 years in two groups: group A of 11 subjects and group B of 12 subjects. Both groups performed five times at 50-minute intervals submaximal physical exercise during 10 minutes on a Monark ergometer. Group A performed the exercise at a steady heart rate of about 170/min with variable workload, while group B performed it at a steady workload but changing heart rate. At rest and after each exercise the plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, glucose and amino-acid nitrogen were determined in both groups, and changes in the parameters of acid-base equilibrium were studied in capillary blood. It was found that after each consecutive exercise the concentration of free fatty acids (FFA) increased ever more and the rise of the haematocrit index decreased. Glucose concentration decreased after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd exercises, but increased after the remaining two exercises. The concentration of amino-acid nitrogen showed an increasing tendency after exercise in both groups. The changes in the acid-base equilibrium, that is its shifting towards metabolic acidosis were greatest after the first exercise. In group A each consecutive exercise caused less pronounced disturbances of acid base equilibrium. In group B the intensity of metabolic acidosis was lower in consecutive exercises in relation to the first one, but it was greater than in group A. PMID- 6787837 TI - The influence of intrauterine infection on the brain of rabbit foetus. PMID- 6787836 TI - Plasma and urinary catecholamines and metabolites during physical exercise in essential hypertension. AB - The effect of physical exercise on plasma catecholamines and urinary catecholamines and metabolites was studied in 11 patients with established essential hypertension, 5 patients with borderline hypertension, and 9 healthy volunteers. Resting plasma noradrenaline and the changes following exercise were similar in all the investigated groups. Although the resting urinary noradrenaline excretion was similar in patients and in controls, an exaggerated increase of noradrenaline excretion occurred in hypertensive patients during physical work. This finding suggests sympathetic overreactivity in essential hypertension. The increased plasma levels of adrenaline, found in established hypertension, were associated with its diminished urinary clearance. These results imply altered renal handling of adrenaline in essential hypertension. Physical exercise was associated with enhancement of metabolism of noradrenaline to 3-methoxy,4-hydroxy-phenylglycol in all groups of subjects, but the stimulation of this pathway was particularly pronounced in healthy subjects. In essential hypertension, the pattern of urinary excretion of catecholamines and metabolites suggests impaired noradrenaline metabolism during exercise. The only characteristic feature of borderline, as opposed to established hypertension, was the increased urinary excretion of dopamine. PMID- 6787838 TI - Influence of TRH and TSH on the ultrastructure of rat pineal gland. PMID- 6787839 TI - Prolactin secretion in the empty sella syndrome, in prolactinomas and in acromegaly. AB - Prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in 47 patients with empty sella syndrome. Hyperprolactinemia (39-123 micrograms/l) was found in six of them. Intermittent increases in PRL were noted in another seven patients. In most subjects with empty sella syndrome and hyperprolactinemia, diurnal PRL variation was altered or impaired whereas the PRL response to TRH and L-dopa was normal. Low doses of bromocriptine (3.75-5 mg/day) normalized PRL. In patients with prolactinoma and acromegaly who had prolactin levels of 30-165 micrograms/l the diurnal PRL variation and PRL response to TRH were impaired. Patients with prolactinoma failed to suppress PRL during L-dopa test. The dose of bromocriptine required to normalize PRL ranged between 7.5 and 15 mg/day. It is concluded that in subjects with sellar changes and intrasellar cisternal herniation ("empty sella"), and with moderate increases in PRL, the responses to TRH and L-dopa and to bromocriptine may help to differentiate between the empty sella syndrome and a coexisting pituitary tumour. PMID- 6787840 TI - Prinzmetal's variant angina. AB - A series of 12 consecutive patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina is presented. There was a preponderance of males (eight/12) and individuals less than 60 years of age (nine/12). Delay in diagnosis was frequent, primarily due to difficulty in achieving a proper 12 lead ECG recording of the attack which often occurred late at night or in the early morning, subsiding within minutes. In some cases, moreover, ST-depression was observed in the ECG monitoring lead as a reciprocal manifestation of subepicardial ischaemia or due to incorrect polarity in the monitoring lead. The incidence of serious arrhythmias, AV-block and ventricular tachycardia was high (eight/12); two patients had to be DC-converted. Coronary arteriography revealed a spectrum from normal or nearly normal coronary arteries to single vessel disease. Nitroglycerin was well suited for treatment of acute attacks. Long-term treatment with calcium antagonists was effective and without serious side-effects. The follow-up time was from 8 months to 5 years (mean 2 years). It is concluded that Prinzmetal's variant angina as such is a rare disease, but that coronary artery spasm is most likely an important contributory factor in the clinical manifestations of coronary artery disease: arrhythmias, sudden death and myocardial infarction. PMID- 6787841 TI - [Terminal neurological complications in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Long-term clinical and EEG study of 5 cases]. PMID- 6787842 TI - [Early traumatic epilepsy. Case contribution]. PMID- 6787843 TI - [A neuro-immunological hypothesis for some forms of epilepsy]. PMID- 6787844 TI - [Daily fluctuations of plasma diphenylhydantoin in patients treated with diphenylhydantoin and sodium valproate]. PMID- 6787845 TI - [The use of dipropylacetamide in antiepileptic therapy. Pharmacological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6787846 TI - Instrumentation for process control in cell culture. PMID- 6787847 TI - Rapid counting methods for coliform bacteria. PMID- 6787848 TI - Influence of metiamide and atropine on acid and pepsin secretion in the anaesthetized Heidenhain cat. AB - The inhibition of acid and pepsin secretion by metiamide and atropine was studied in the anaesthetized Heidenhain-pouch cat. Metiamide strongly inhibited acid secretion induced by histamine, pentagastrin or carbachol. Metiamide had not effect on pepsin secretion stimulated by pentagastrin and carbachol but was effective on histamine-stimulated pepsin secretion. Atropine strongly inhibited pepsin secretion but was not as effective as metiamide in the inhibition of acid secretion. Reperfusion of the pouch with acid + salicylic acid also increased pepsin secretion. This increased pepsin output was abolished by atropine, but not by metiamide. It is postulated that (1) the peptic cell probably has only cholinergic receptors which can be additionally triggered by HCl passing the peptic cell, and (2) H2-antagonists only inhibit pepsin secretion indirectly via reduction of acid output. PMID- 6787850 TI - The start of a programme for measuring diamine oxidase activity in biopsy specimens of human renal mucosa. AB - In human subjects, apart from in the kidney, diamine oxidase occurs mainly in the gut. Therefore this enzyme can be used as an indicator of intestinal integrity. In biopsies of rectal mucosa the diamine oxidase activity was assayed in 55 patients, 41 having a histologically normal mucosa and 14 being diseased. The determinations of the enzymic activity were supervised by statistical quality control. In the unchanged rectal mucosa the diamine oxidase activity was 40 nmol/min X g on average. In 7 patients with rectal polyps the enzymic activity was significantly diminished in these benign tumors (mean = 7.7 nmol/min X g) apart from one, where it was elevated. A decrease in diamine oxidase activity was further observed in rectal carcinoma and ulcerative colitis. Whether the reduction of intestinal diamine oxidase activity accompanies premalignant or malignant states or whether it is a general sign of a disturbance of intestinal integrity remains questionable. PMID- 6787849 TI - Putrescine metabolism and the study of diamine oxidase activity in vivo. AB - The catabolism of 14C-putrescine (1,4-tetramethylene-diamine) to labeled CO2 in small laboratory animals has been studied extensively in order to establish the influence of nutritional, endocrine and other factors on this process. Special attention has been paid to treatments that are known to affect the activity of diamine oxidase (DAO, histaminase, EC, 1.4.3.6), a copper-containing enzyme characteristically inhibited by semicarbazide. Thus, copper-deficient rats metabolize putrescine more slowly than their controls. Antimalarial drugs that inhibit histamine N-methyltransferase also inhibit putrescine catabolism in vivo and DAO activity in vitro. Adrenalectomized rats metabolize the diamine at a reduced rate, a result consistent with the previously demonstrated decrease of DAO in the tissues of several species of animal. There is no effect on the rate of catabolism of putrescine when thyroid state is altered. Heparin (up to 15,000 U/kg), which releases DAO from the small (0.1 mg/kg), intestine, and aminoguanidine (0.1 mg/kg), which inhibits the enzyme powerfully, both cause decreased rates of catabolism of the diamine in rats. The putrescine-catabolizing ability returns with a half-time of recovery of 15-18 h, corresponding to the estimates of SHAFF and BEAVEN [36] for recovery of intestinal DAO activity following administration of heparin or cycloheximide. Together with out other results this suggests that what is being measured by putrescine catabolism depends to a significant extent on the activity of DAO in vitro. PMID- 6787851 TI - New light on the mechanism of action of disodium cromoglycate. AB - Disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) shows a prolonged protective effect against histamine on the smooth muscle of guinea pig ileum. Preventing allergen-induced mediator release from mast cells as well as protection of smooth muscle against mediators already released can both explain a beneficial effect of DSCG in the treatment of bronchial asthma and food allergy. It is believed that disappointing clinical trials with many new anti-allergic drugs, e.g. RS 7540, can be explained by the lack of protective effect on the smooth muscle of target organs. PMID- 6787852 TI - Radioimmunoassay measurement of stable metabolites of platelet arachidonic acid: a convenient method for the in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. PMID- 6787853 TI - Assessment of anti-inflammatory drugs: experimental aspects. Introductory remarks. PMID- 6787854 TI - Methods of standardization of clinical assessment. PMID- 6787855 TI - Problems in the clinical evaluation of antirheumatic drugs. AB - 1. Subjective. Two of the major deficiencies of drug trials in rheumatoid arthritis are inadequate patient numbers and too brief a duration of study. For the past 5 years we have conducted a continuous programme of patient and drug assessment. Cohorts of patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis are encouraged to select the first-line drug of their own choice. (Within safe limits they are encouraged to vary the dose to suit their own symptoms.) The end point is the day on which the patient feels the drug is either ineffective or produces intolerable side effects. Each cohort comprises 100 patients and the results obtained with a variety of NSAID will be discussed in the context of the placebo response. 2. Objective. We have shown that 99mTc uptake is elevated over inflamed when compared with normal joints an that it may be reduced by first- and second line treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in proportion to the changes observed with other subjective and objective assessment methods. Results in the 125I-fibrinogen and with radioactive gallium compared with radioactive 99mTc will be presented. PMID- 6787856 TI - The use of thermography in the assessment of anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6787857 TI - Sources of error in Doppler diagnosis of carotid occlusive disease. AB - Fifty errors with Doppler examination of 356 carotid bifurcations were examined to determine their cause and to establish methods of prevention. Only those errors related to hemodynamically significant stenosis or complete occlusion were considered. The relative frequency of errors in diagnosis of occlusion (30 false positive or negative versus 31 true-positive) was considerably greater than the rate of inaccuracy for diagnosis of hemodynamically significant stenosis (20 false-positive or-negative versus 89 true-positive). The high error rate in diagnosis of occlusion was attributed to reliance on negative information. The source of error could be established in 48 of the 50 cases. In all but three cases, potential for preventing error existed through use of additional noninvasive techniques such as examination of common carotid resistivity or use of oculoplethysmography. Twenty-two errors of localization of stenosis or occlusion were encountered in addition to the 50 false-positive and -negative errors. In three of these, the errors might have led to patient mismanagement. PMID- 6787858 TI - Skeletal metastases of melanoma: radiographic, scintigraphic, and clinical review. AB - The radiographic manifestations of 127 skeletal metastases in 50 patients with melanoma were reviewed and correlated with the scintigraphic findings. Although the features of most of the metastases were nonspecific and appeared similar to those of other osteolytic metastases, several of them had unusual features, including expansion, subarticular location, osteosclerosis, and a thin, sclerotic rim. These features could result in some of the metastases being mistaken for other lesions. The radionuclide bone scans were more sensitive in that they detected the lesions earlier and in greater numbers than the radiographs. Prognosis was poor once skeletal metastasis was diagnosed, the mean survival time being 4.7 months. PMID- 6787859 TI - Panoramic zonography of fractures of the facial skeleton. PMID- 6787860 TI - Renal arteriovenous malformations: transcatheter embolization and follow-up. AB - Transcatheter embolization was performed in three patients with renal arteriovenous malformations with multiple arterial feeders. The patients were followed angiographically for 6--14 months. In two cases, the malformation disappeared with focal loss of renal tissue in the region of embolization. In the third, there was recurrence of hematuria. Angiography demonstrated incomplete embolization, but the arteriovenous malformation had diminished. PMID- 6787861 TI - Particulate intraarterial embolization in pelvic arteriovenous malformations. AB - Pelvic arteriovenous malformation is a rare disease with a protracted course which is a major therapeutic problem as it is usually not cured by any means. Symptoms are incapacitating and at times life-threatening. Intraarterial embolization can provide symptomatic relief but recurrence of the lesion occurs in most cases. Intraarterial embolization can be repeated several times but becomes increasingly difficult as new collaterals develop while the major feeders remain occluded. Surgical excision is contraindicated except in well localized lesions. In these cases, preoperative embolization may decrease operative morbidity and facilitate a thorough extirpation. PMID- 6787862 TI - Infants of diabetic mothers: radiographic manifestations. AB - The radiographic findings of a series of infants of diabetic mothers and a review of the literature are presented to illustrate the wide spectrum of abnormalities that may be seen with this condition. Congenital anomalies of the spine and skeletal, genitourinary, and cardiovascular systems and visceral situs inversus are significantly more frequent among infants of diabetic mothers than normal. The most specific anomaly is sacral agenesis. Renal vein thrombosis and adrenal hemorrhage are also more common and may be diagnosed by sonography. Over one-half of the cases of the small left colon are associated with maternal diabetes and may be diagnosed and treated with a contrast enema. The incidence of the respiratory distress syndrome is higher in infants of diabetic mothers than other premature infants, and the disease may occur in the presence of reliable indicators of lung maturity. Other common causes of dyspnea include cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, wet lung syndrome, hyperviscosity syndrome, and persistence of fetal circulation. Echocardiography is the most valuable adjunct in differentiating cardiac from pulmonary problems. PMID- 6787863 TI - Resident film interpretations and staff review. AB - In this department 22% of examinations are interpreted independently by residents outside of normal hours. Staff radiologists review these studies in a process designed to train residents and assure appropriate radiologic consultation. The resident's written reports on 2,619 examinations were analyzed before and after staff review. Each film review session lasted an average of 1.1 hr. Potential changes were discussed in 9.1% of cases and mandated in 6.3%. About two-thirds of corrections were important enough to influence patient care. Correction rates declined significantly between the first and second/third years of residency; the proportion of clinically important changes also decreased. Omissions (false negatives) were much more common than overcalls (false-positives). Residents correctly interpreted 89% of abnormal films and 96% of normal radiographs. Staff review resulted in a net improvement in interpretation of 4% of cases initially read by first-year residents and 2% by second- and third-year. The film review process provides opportunities for close resident-staff interaction and teaching and also ensures appropriate final reports. PMID- 6787864 TI - Correlation of CT cerebral vascular territories with function: II. Posterior cerebral artery. AB - This paper presents schematic displays of the cerebral territories supplied by branches of the posterior artery as they would appear on axial and coronal computed tomographic (CT) scan sections. Companion diagrams of regional cortical function and a discussion of the fiber tracts are provided to simplify correlation of clinical deficits with coronal and axial CT abnormalities. Illustrations of the vascular supply and functional relay points (nuclei) of the thalamus are provided. PMID- 6787865 TI - Perfluoroctylbromide contrast enhancement of malignant neoplasms: preliminary observations. AB - Fluorocarbons have been used for years as propellants in aerosol sprays. Because of their ability to transport oxygen, perfluorocarbon compounds have been more recently used in artificial fluid respiration. Monobrominated perfluorocarbon compounds are radiopaque and have low enough vapor pressures to be tolerated in biologic systems. Microemulsions of these compounds have been detected in mouse and rat neoplasms and appear to be located within macrophages. In this study of the potential usefulness of these compounds for radiographic contrast enhancement, rabbits with V2 carcinoma thigh implants received either a high-dose (10--12 ml/kg) or a low-dose (2 ml/kg) emulsion of perfluoroctylbromide intravenously. Dense contrast enhancement of some of the V2 carcinomas was demonstrated by both computed tomography and conventional radiography. Four of the five rabbits in the high-dose group died within 9 days but all six rabbits in the low-dose group survived beyond 9 days. Death in the high-dose group was associated with pulmonary consolidation and anesthesia although some animals had extensive V2 metastases. These compounds have some interesting potential applications in imaging, pending further study of their toxicity. PMID- 6787867 TI - Transient pericardial sac calcifications in low-birth-weight infants. PMID- 6787866 TI - Arterial pathology after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6787868 TI - Left atrial myxoma demonstrated with CT. PMID- 6787869 TI - CT of the intussuscepted excluded loop after intestinal bypass. PMID- 6787870 TI - Echogenic hepatic abscess without radiographic evidence of gas. PMID- 6787871 TI - Falciform ligament abscess: appearance on computed tomography and sonography. PMID- 6787872 TI - Gastrobiliary fistula: pre- and postoperative assessment with 99mTc-PIPIDA. PMID- 6787873 TI - Antenatal observation of a choledochal cyst by sonography. PMID- 6787874 TI - Segmental biliary obstruction: diagnostic significance of bile duct crowding. PMID- 6787875 TI - Epiphyseal extension of an aneurysmal bone cyst. PMID- 6787876 TI - Duplicated Mullerian duct remnants: unilateral occlusion and ipsilateral renal agenesis in a male. PMID- 6787878 TI - Errors in Doppler diagnosis. PMID- 6787877 TI - CT appearance of acute renal cortical necrosis. PMID- 6787879 TI - Preliminary abdominal film before barium enema examination. PMID- 6787880 TI - Axial cineangiography in congenital heart disease. PMID- 6787881 TI - Femoral artery puncture sites. PMID- 6787882 TI - Pleural effusions complicating splenic rupture. PMID- 6787883 TI - Physiologic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. PMID- 6787884 TI - Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation with survival. AB - Traumatic atlantooccipital dislocation is generally considered incompatible with life. However, there have been isolated survivals from this injury, and a few patients initially have minimal neurologic deficits disproportionate to the gravity of their injury, a feature that has not been adequately stressed. The potentially catastrophic results of delayed therapy make early radiographic detection imperative. Marked retropharyngeal soft-tissue swelling, an abnormal basion-odontoid alignment, and posterior displacement of the atlas are diagnostic of anterior atlantooccipital dislocation. In the more uncommon posterior atlantooccipital dislocation an abnormal basion-odontoid alignment associated with marked soft-tissue swelling should suggest the correct diagnosis. Conventional tomography can be confirmatory. PMID- 6787885 TI - Patient dose and image quality in computed tomography. AB - The relation between radiation dose in neurologic computed tomography scanning and image quality is described. Three different sets of images were obtained at varying exposures and were quantitatively evaluated by a panel of neuroradiologists. Anatomic information in the image varied with exposure. The relation of image quality and dose conforms to previous theoretical results and suggests that an optimal exposure level can be established. PMID- 6787886 TI - Improved lateral cervical spine radiography through halo traction device. PMID- 6787887 TI - Intrathoracic extension of retroperitoneal urine collections. AB - Five patients with retroperitoneal urine collections (urinomas) had clinical and radiographic evidence of intrathoracic disease. All five patients rapidly accumulated pleural fluid, documented chemically in three patients to be urine. Two patients developed acute mediastinal widening which rapidly cleared after surgical drainage of the retroperitoneal urinoma. Although rare, thoracic collections of urine should be considered when pleural effusions or mediastinal widening occur in patients with urinary tract obstruction or retroperitoneal urinomas. PMID- 6787888 TI - Left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia: delayed presentation. AB - Seven patients with left-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernias at ages of 2--20 months are reported and five are described in detail. Radiographic findings were classic in one patient, but simulated inflammatory chest disease in two patients, gastric volvulus in three patients, and a pneumothorax in one patient. These misleading appearances if not recognized can lead to incorrect radiographic interpretation and in some cases inappropriate treatment. PMID- 6787889 TI - Alterations in CT mediastinal anatomy produced by an azygos lobe. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) scans of 11 patients with an azygos lobe were compared with similar scans of age- and gender-matched normal controls. The reflections of the right lung against the superior mediastinum were evaluated, and particular attention was directed to five specific areas: the azygos vein and arch, the superior vena cava, the pretracheal and retrotracheal areas, and the esophagus. With an azygos lobe, the azygos arch is at a more cephalad position than normal. The axis of the superior vena cava is oriented toward the left. The azygos lobe intrudes into the pretracheal and retrotracheal mediastinum contacting the anterior wall of the trachea, the medial wall of the superior vena cava, and most of the posterior wall of the trachea in the majority of patients. The presence of an azygos lobe significantly alters the contour of the right mediastinum and changes the relation of lung to the superior vena cava and trachea. PMID- 6787890 TI - Atypical pulmonary malaria. AB - Three atypical cases of pulmonary malaria are presented and discussed. Radiologically, they were manifested by very subtle thickening of interlobular septae or by more overt interstitial edema and pleural effusion. They were all relatively mild and cleared completely on antimalarial drugs. This is in contrast to most reported cases which were severe and fatal. This resultant widening of the clinical and radiologic spectrum of pulmonary malaria leads to the conclusion that such a complication is likely more common than previously recognized. The radiologist can suggest the correct diagnosis by being aware of its many manifestations and by having a high index of suspicion. PMID- 6787891 TI - Micronodular pulmonary pattern: association with inhaled aerosol. AB - The micronodular pulmonary radiographic pattern consists of homogeneous rounded densities of 1 mm or less in diameter without a reticular element. The differential diagnosis is limited to alveolar microlithiasis and a few other conditions, such as intravenous talc injection. Two patients with this image had very heavy exposure to hairspray and a pulmonary noncaseating granulomatous tissue reaction. Reports of 31 patients with pulmonary reactions to hairspray aerosols have been reviewed together with original radiographs in five cases. The micronodular pattern occurred in the eight. Aerosol sprays of several sorts were examined by electron microscopy and x-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. Although the pathogenesis of the pulmonary reaction has not been established, steroids and abstinence from further exposure to aerosols encourage its disappearance. PMID- 6787892 TI - Gallbladder wall thickening: patients without intrinsic gallbladder disease. AB - Retrospective analysis of 22 patients with increased gallbladder wall thickness (4--10 mm) in the absence of gallbladder disease revealed that 19 were hypoalbuminemic (albumin less than 3.6 g/dl). To test the hypothesis that hypoalbuminemia was a causal factor, gallbladder wall thickness was measured in 40 patients selected prospectively solely on the basis of hypoalbuminemia. This group was compared to 25 normal volunteers. Hypoalbuminemic patients had significantly thickened gallbladder walls compared to volunteers (p less than 10( 9)). This thickening was associated not only with hypoalbuminemia, but also with increased main portal vein diameter, which reflects portal venous blood pressure. Gallbladder wall thickening unrelated to intrinsic gallbladder disease seems to be influenced by the same parameters as ascites formation--plasma colloid oncotic pressure and portal venous pressure. PMID- 6787893 TI - Pancreatic sonography in cystic fibrosis. AB - Sonographic examination of the abdomen was performed in 20 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 3--41 years. The predominant acoustic architecture of the pancreas was one of moderate to markedly increased echogenicity when compared to the liver at the same depth. Increased echogenicity of the pancreas was independent of the presence of malabsorption. The usual reduced echo pattern associated with pancreatic inflammation was seen in only one of five cystic fibrosis patients with clinical evidence of pancreatitis. Other pancreatic abnormalities included pancreatic calcifications in one child with pancreatitis and a pseudocyst in an adult with pancreatitis. Eight patients had hepatosplenomegaly and gallstones were seen in two; one had a markedly contracted gallbladder. Sonography offers an effective method of following patients with cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6787894 TI - Preoperative sonography of malignant ovarian neoplasms. AB - Patient survival in malignant ovarian tumors is directly dependent on complete surgical resection. This can be best accomplished when the surgeon is informed of tumor extent preoperatively. We retrospectively studied the preoperative sonograms of 32 patients with proven malignant ovarian tumors. Results were compared with the surgical and pathologic findings. Sonography was 97% accurate in the detection and 84% accurate in the characterization of the pelvic masses; 87.5% of these tumors were malignant by sonographic criteria. Sonography correctly staged only 48% of patients. Bowel and bladder involvement, of major importance in planning surgical treatment, were not detected by sonography. A uterus inseparable from a pelvic mass correlated with uterine involvement in 74% and this information alone may prevent laparotomy by surgeons unprepared to perform the complete resection necessary for optimum survival. PMID- 6787895 TI - Estimating fetal age: effect of head shape on BPD. AB - Several recent obstetrical sonographic examinations in this department demonstrated that variations in the shape of the fetal skull (e.g., dolichocephaly, brachycephaly) may adversely affect the accuracy of the biparietal diameter (BPD) measurement in estimating fetal age. In each case the cephalic index of the fetal skull (short axis/long axis x 100) was in either the dolichocephalic or brachycephalic range based on established postnatal criteria. Consequently, normal values were determined (mean, 78.3) for the cephalic index in utero based on 316 obstetrical sonographic studies performed at 14--40 weeks. Preliminary experience indicates that a cephalic index greater than 1 SD from the mean (less than 74, greater than 83) may be associated with a significant alteration in the BPD measurement expected for a given gestational age, and that the head circumference can be used effectively as an alternative means of establishing gestational age. PMID- 6787896 TI - Correlation of biparietal and fetal body diameters: 12--26 weeks gestation. AB - One hundred thirty-four obstetrical diagnostic sonographic examinations were performed on patients of 12--26 gestational weeks. The following abdominal diameter measurements were obtained: (1) anteroposterior transverse diameter; (2) right-to-left transverse diameter; (3) average of (1) and (2); and (4) greatest longitudinal diameter. These measurements were plotted against the respective biparietal diameters, and normal statistical distribution curves were developed. These curves have proven helpful in cases with a questionable disproportionate relation between the fetal head and body size in early pregnancy. The data have facilitated identification of fetal abnormalities sufficiently early in the pregnancies to permit advising therapeutic abortion. Five cases outside the normal range are discussed and compared to normal. In several cases, the sonographic results played a major role in the decision-making process of the patient involved. PMID- 6787897 TI - Familial infantile cortical hyperostosis: an update. AB - In 1961, the senior author reported 11 members of one family with infantile cortical hyperostosis. Since then, 10 new cases have occurred in this family resulting in a total of 21 cases. The incidence of infantile cortical hyperostosis in this family is as common today as it was two generations ago, and there has been no diminution in the incidence. Several patients with minimal or no clinical symptoms would have gone unrecognized had it not been for the family history of the disorder. On the basis of this study, infantile cortical hyperostosis is inherited as an autosomal dominant with variable penetrance. PMID- 6787898 TI - CT determination of femoral torsion. AB - Femoral torsion has been measured in infants and children by computed tomography. The method requires two scans, one through the femoral neck, another through the femoral condyles. A specially designed device and packing about the knees assures immobilization of the legs. Slight variations in the positions of the sections in the neck and condyles do not alter the measurement significantly. Intraobserver and interobserver errors are low, 2 degrees and 3 degrees mean error, respectively. The radiation required involves small tissue volumes at about 1.7 R (4.4 x 10(-4) C/kg). Measurements are more difficult when the femoral necks are short or vertically oriented. The method appears to have sufficient accuracy for clinical purposes. PMID- 6787899 TI - Department of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama, School of Medicine, Birmingham. AB - Evaluation of over 255 patients with sellar and parasellar lesions allowed study of the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of the cavernous sinus. Optimal visualization of the cavernous sinus was obtained with continuous contrast enhancement of both axial and coronal tomograms. The coronal projection provided imaging of cranial nerves with the cavernous sinus. The intracavernous carotid artery was seen only if it were calcified or encased by tumor extending into or invading the sinus. CT criteria suggesting an abnormal cavernous sinus are: (1) asymmetry of size, (2) asymmetry of shape, particularly the lateral wall, and (3) focal areas of abnormal density within the sinus. The neurovascular anatomy of the cavernous sinus is reviewed and correlated with CT findings. Discrepancies between anatomic and CT appearance are discussed. PMID- 6787900 TI - Intramedullary penetrance of metrizamide in the dog spinal cord. AB - Metrizamide computed tomography (CT) myelography is clinically useful in the detection of syringohydromyelia. The mechanism by which intrathecally injected metrizamide migrates into the intramedullary cavity is unknown, although reflux into the central canal of the cord via the obex has been postulated. Since intrathecally injected metrizamide has been shown to penetrate normal brain, similar penetrance of the spinal cord might be expected. Five anesthetized mongrel dogs were examined with sequential CT scanning of the cervical spine for 24 hr after intrathecal introduction of metrizamide. The attenuation values of the specified subarachnoid space and the spinal cord at the level of the atlantoaxial joint were recorded. A significant and reproducible increase with time in attenuation values within the cervical spinal cord accompanied by a progressive decrease in attenuation values of the subarachnoid space was observed. The proposed mechanism of cord enhancement, the implication for cord imaging, and the analysis of patients with syringohydromyelia are discussed. PMID- 6787901 TI - Myelography of sacral agenesis. AB - In the past, neurologic deficits found in association with sacral agenesis were thought to be unamenable to surgical therapy. Recent experience and a careful review of autopsy and case reports form the literature have demonstrated that this assumption is unwarranted. Four cases of sacral agenesis are reported with description of the myelographic findings of each case. Surgical confirmation was obtained in three of these patients. Dural sac stenosis treated with duraplasty resulted in striking improvement in the neurologic status of two patients, while in the third, a 2-month-old infant, adhesive arachnoidal bands in the distal thecal sac were found at surgery and a taut and thickened filum terminale was transected. The fourth patient has a low-lying spinal cord and a posterior meningocele. The myelographic findings appear to be divisible into two categories. One group of patients may have high termination of the subarachnoid space with a dural sac stenosis and will benefit from duraplasty, while in the other, findings may include a widened or normal subarachnoid space and low-lying tethered spinal cord. It is emphasized that treatment of dural sac stenosis, tethered cord, and intrathecal or extrathecal masses that occur in some of these patients may afford significant improvement in their neurologic condition. These children deserve careful baseline neurologic evaluation and follow-up and a more aggressive approach toward adequate myelographic assessment. PMID- 6787902 TI - CT of intracranial metastases with skull and scalp involvement. AB - Twenty-eight persons with contiguous intracranial skull, and often extracranial metastatic disease are reported. These lesions comprised 7.6% of a series of 250 consecutive patients with intracranial metastatic disease. Only three of 28 patients had other intracranial lesions and only seven of 28 patients has other skull lesions demonstrable on computed tomography (CT). Carcinoma of the prostate and breast, multiple myeloma, and neuroblastoma are especially likely to appear in this manner. All metastases enhanced. The bone destruction was so pervasive that in 19 of the patients it was obvious at routine CT settings. In the nine other patients, it could be clearly seen only at bone settings (high window and level). The CT demonstration of an enhancing intracranial mass involving the skull and often the scalp is highly suggestive but not diagnostic of a metastatic lesion. PMID- 6787904 TI - CT of generalized gray matter infarction due to hypoglycemia. PMID- 6787903 TI - Iatrogenic embolization: complication of pediatric cerebral angiography. AB - Fourteen cases of inadvertent iatrogenic embolization of cerebral vessels occurring in a consecutive series of 3,731 angiographies in infants and children were studies. The incidence of embolization(0.9% of all patients ond 0.4% of all angiographic examinations) was about the same as has been reported in adults, but the clinical consequences were much milder, only one patient having documented transient neurologic symptoms. Also the angiographic appearance of the emboli differed from those described in adults. These differences may in part be due to the technique (general anesthesia with hyperventilation) but also to different reactions towards ischemia and to different types of emboli in children. PMID- 6787905 TI - Development of aneurysm from infundibulum of posterior communicating artery with documentation of prior hemorrhage. PMID- 6787906 TI - Giant nasal rhinolith. PMID- 6787907 TI - CT in brain density determination. PMID- 6787908 TI - Local cerebral blood flow measurements. PMID- 6787909 TI - Glucose-insulin-potassium induced alterations in individual plasma free fatty acids in patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Total and individual plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were measured on admission and over the next 4 days in 24 patients admitted to the hospital with chest pain and suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In a prospective randomized fashion, the patients were either given an infusion of 300 gm of glucose, 50 units of insulin, and 80 mEq of KCl per liter at a rate of 1.5 ml/kg/hr over the initial 48 hours of hospitalization, or they served as controls receiving conventional therapy. Eleven patients were in the control group and 13 were in the glucose insulin-potassium (G-I-K) group. Twenty-one of the patients had an AMI by CK-MB rise and ECG changes (in the G-I-K group three did not evolve AMI). The total plasma FFA were 840 +/- 134 microM/L in the controls and 933 +/- 160 microM/L in the G-I-K group initially (prestudy). Total FFA rapidly fell in the G-I-K group and then rebounded when G-I-K was stopped. In contrast, total FFA values fell gradually in the control group over the 4-day period. The individual FFA had similar percentages initially in the two groups. In the control group the percent of individual plasma FFA was unchanged over the period studied, although there was some mild random day-to-day fluctuation. In contrast in the G-I-K group linoleic acid fell both during and after the infusion was stopped (26.8% to 19.1% P less than 0.001). Arachidonic acid doubled in percentage of the total FFA value during G-I-K infusion (3.1% to 6.5%, P less than 0.002) and returned to the control value when it was stopped. Thus G-I-K infusion during AMI reduces the total level of plasma FFA while increasing the percent of arachidonic and decreasing the percent of linoleic acid, observations proposed to reflect improved membrane stability of the ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6787910 TI - Antiarrhythmic efficacy of encainide and quinidine: validation of a model for drug assessment. PMID- 6787912 TI - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: a nine-year experience. AB - To gain an epidemiologic perspective on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), nine years' experience with 123 patients was reviewed. Mean gestational age was 31 weeks, and mean birth weight, 1,460 g; 7.3% were full-term and 10.5% were small for gestational age. Eighty infants had umbilical artery catheters, of which 50% were placed below L4-5. There was no identifiable risk factor in 11.4%; in half of these infants, NEC developed during an epidemic. Clustering of cases occurred in seven of the 108 months studied. Cases during epidemics had a lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome. Average age at onset of NEC was 12 days; however the most common agd (mode) was 3 days, and in 13.8% onset was after the third week. On the survivors, 4% had recurrent disease one to 20 days after reinitiation of enteric feeding. The occurrence of NEC in low-risk patients and in older neonates raises serious questions about the proposed pathogenesis of NEC. PMID- 6787911 TI - Effects of Ca+2 and Mg+2 deprivation of cell shape in cultured ovarian granulosa cells. AB - After 3 days in culture, rat ovarian granulosa cells assume a flattened epitheloid organization. Ca+2 and Mg+2 deprivation results in cellular rounding which is reversible and was monitored by phase-contrast time-lapse cinematography. Concomitant with the shape change is a dispersion of the structural proteins actin and alpha-actinin. The arrays of large actin-containing bundles (stress fibers) are converted to a diffuse network as observed by electron microscopy. Alpha-actinin, which was observed by immunocytochemistry to be in a periodic array along the actin bundles, is disrupted also and redistributed in the periphery of the cell upon rounding. Measurements made of the culture medium during the rounding process indicate that there is a loss of Ca+2 and Mg+2 from the cell interior. These data led us to speculate that Ca+2 and/or Mg+/ are necessary in order to maintain the integrity of stress fibers and/or restrict the movement of alpha-actinin anchoring sites within the membrane. PMID- 6787913 TI - The fat overload syndrome. Report of a case and literature review. AB - A 10-month-old infant with hypoplasia of the intestinal mucosa had the fat overload syndrome develop while receiving intravenous fat emulsion at a dosage of 5 g/kg/day of fat for five weeks. This syndrome was characterized by fever, jaundice, easy bruisability, increased levels of serum transaminases, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and abnormal results of clotting studies. Management consisted of withdrawal of parenteral nutrition for 72 hours, followed by gradual reinstitution of protein and subsequent introduction of fat at a lower dosage. PMID- 6787914 TI - Intragastric feeding in the neonatal dog. Its effect on intestinal osmolality. AB - Hypertonic formulas have been implicated in the etiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. We measured the osmolality of neonatal canine intestinal contents one hour after intragastric feeding of isotonic breast milk, isotonic formula, or hypertonic formula in 1-day-old and 9-day-old puppies. Regardless of the formula tonicity, all intestinal contents were hypertonic in both segments. Hypertonic formula had been diluted, and isotonic feedings concentrated in the neonatal canine intestine. Gastric contents could be recovered only from hypertonic-fed puppies, which implies delayed gastric emptying to permit formula dilution. We conclude that any form of neonatal feeding can lead to hypertonic intestinal contents. Factors other than tonicity of a formula should be considered in the pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6787915 TI - Labile anticoagulant in a patient with lymphoma. AB - A patient with diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma and monoclonal IgM kappa immunoglobulin was found to have an unstable circulating anticoagulant. The anticoagulant inhibited phospholipid-dependent plasma coagulation reactions. Unlike previously described anticoagulants of this type, this plasma inhibitor was neutralized in vitro by products of platelet lysis but not by exogenous addition of other phospholipids or by intact platelets. Inhibitory activity seemed dependent on the monoclonal immunoglobulin, but isolated immunoglobulin fractions lacked anticoagulant activity, suggesting that the inhibitory function was dependent on an easily disrupted macromolecular aggregate. Recognition and characterization of other similar anticoagulants may provide a means of studying the role of phospholipids in normal hemostasis. PMID- 6787916 TI - Nonimmune interaction of leukocytes with platelets and megakaryocytes. AB - Platelet-leukocyte interaction was observed in an asymptomatic woman. After incubation in the patient's EDTA-plasma, autologous and allogeneic platelets adhered to the surfaces of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and, rarely, eosinophils. Monocytes, macrophages, and occasionally neutrophils phagocytosed platelets. Degranulation of peroxidase-positive lysosomes into the platelet containing phagosome was demonstrated ultrastructurally. Bone marrow studies indicated that bands and earlier neutrophilic precursors did not participate in the reaction, and that neutrophils adhered to, and were rarely engulfed by megakaryocytes. Sequential exposure of the patient's EDTA-plasma to platelets and leukocytes indicated that a nondialyzable factor(s) was first absorbed by platelets which then interacted with leukocytes. The reaction proceeded best in the presence of EDTA at 21 degrees C, and was inhibited or dissociated by divalent cations or at 37 degrees C. Metabolic integrity of both platelets and leukocytes was also essential for the reaction since each was inhibited by formalin fixation and partially inhibited by the metabolic inhibitor 2 deoxyglucose. Formalin-treated platelets continued to absorb the plasma factor(s). The plasma and the cell fractions were inactivated by periodate and nonspecific protease. Treatment of the platelets with trypsin or the leukocytes with neuraminidase diminished the interaction by 50%. The reaction was also interfered with by concanavalin A. Immunofluorescent and immunoabsorption studies failed to identify an immune component of this interaction. These findings indicate that the plasma factor(s) and the cell surface receptors are nonimmune glycoconjugates and consequently differ from previously documented cases of platelet-leukocyte interaction. PMID- 6787918 TI - Allelism in human oculocutaneous albinism. PMID- 6787917 TI - Acute lymphocytic leukemic transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia: substantiation by flow cytometry. AB - Acute leukemia, during the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, is a rare event and only a small fraction of such cases have been shown to be true transformations to acute lymphocytic leukemia. In one previous case, evidence suggested this was transformation of a single neoplastic clone. The present report describes the clinical and laboratory findings in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in which an acute leukemic pattern evolved. The fluorescence activated cell sorter provided the resolution needed to distinguish low numbers of surface immunoglobulins on the acute leukemic cells, verifying their identity as B lymphoblasts. Furthermore, a small population of large cells bearing the same light chain type as the acute leukemia cells were detected in the spleen 3 1/2 months before clinical or laboratory evidence of the onset of the acute leukemia. PMID- 6787919 TI - Diagnostic clinical parasitology: II. Identification of the intestinal protozoa. AB - This article (the second in a series of four papers on clinical diagnostic parasitology) presents information on the diagnostic morphology of the protozoa which infect humans. The description of morphological characteristics includes information on atypical morphology as well as the classic descriptions. Because these organisms are the most difficult to identify, extensive detail is included to illustrate the morphological variability. PMID- 6787920 TI - Blunted TSH response to TRH in patients with central nervous system disease. PMID- 6787922 TI - Utility and limitations of chromosome banding in pre- and postnatal service cytogenetics. PMID- 6787921 TI - The usefulness of chromosome banding in pre- and postnatal service cytogenetics: a reconsideration. PMID- 6787923 TI - Rh immunoglobulin utilization after ectopic pregnancy. AB - To assess the use of Rh immunoglobulin (RhIG) after ectopic pregnancy, we reviewed the charts of 305 patients treated from 1975 through 1978 at a large metropolitan hospital. We compared these patients with 389 who had had spontaneous abortions and been treated at the same hospital in 1975. The rate of ascertainment of Rh type was significantly higher for the group with ectopic pregnancy than for the group with spontaneous abortion (98.4% versus 95.1%; p less than 0.05). Nevertheless, presumable fertile RhIG candidates after ectopic pregnancy were 3.3 times more likely not to receive RhIG than candidates after spontaneous abortion (64.3% versus 19.4%;; p less than 0.01). Patients with ectopic pregnancy are an important part of the "RhIG utilization gap"; the mechanism for providing prophylaxis for patients needs to be improved. PMID- 6787924 TI - Streptococcal infections in pregnancy. A study of 48 bacteremias. AB - During a 4-year period, 48 obstetric patients with aerobic streptococcal bacteremia were identified. The isolates were group B (31); group D, enterococci (5); group A (4); group D, not enterococci (3); Streptococcus pneumoniae (3); and viridans streptococci (2). The most common diagnoses were endometritis (36) and chorioamnionitis (8). For all streptococcal genital infections, the clinical presentation included early-onset fever, often with few localizing signs. Only one patient had a chronic debilitating disease. There was an excellent correlation between genital and bloodstream isolates (36 of 42). Maternal response to therapy was good, with no deaths nor episodes of septic shock. Possible infectious complications developed in two fetuses and four neonates. The microbiologic and clinical features of aerobic streptococci were reviewed, and the outcome in obstetric patients and that in other adults were compared. PMID- 6787925 TI - Carbon dioxide gas retrograde urethrocystometry versus catheter-fill gas cystometry in assessing bladder capacity. PMID- 6787926 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa scleritis. AB - In two patients Pseudomonas aeruginosa scleral infection led to ocular perforation. In one patient, a scleral abscess was identified anteriorly. A scleral perforation occurred at a more posterior focus, but the eye was salvaged with minimal residual visual function. In the other patient, perforation at the corneoscleral limbus occurred after initial corneal improvement with antibiotic therapy; histopathologic examination of the enucleated globe disclosed an abscess extending from the corneoscleral limbus to the equator superiorly. PMID- 6787927 TI - Sensitivity of rat adenohypophyseal cells to estradiol and LHRH during long-term culture. AB - To determine possible effects of the time in culture on the responsiveness of the different pituitary cell types to estrogens, rat anterior pituitary cells were incubated up to 20 days in the presence or absence of 10 nM 17 beta-estradiol. Whereas spontaneous luteinizing hormone (LH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) release decreased by 85-90%, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin accumulation in medium were only 50% decreased after 20 days in culture, thus suggesting that the secretion of FSH and prolactin is less dependent on extrinsic stimulatory factors. Estradiol increased spontaneous LH release and its responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) up to day 16 in culture, whereas the stimulatory effect of the estrogen on FSH secretion was significant only up to day 6. The stimulatory effect of estradiol on basal TSH release was seen up to day 8 in culture, whereas that on spontaneous prolactin release increased progressively after day 8 in culture up to the last time interval studied (20 days). As revealed by immunocytochemistry, the stimulatory effect of estradiol was not due to changes of cell growth. PMID- 6787928 TI - The "calcium clamp": effect of constant hypocalcemia on parathyroid hormone secretion. AB - This report describes acute studies of parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion and metabolism in conscious dogs, performed with a new technique, the "calcium clamp." Bolus injections and graded infusions of either calcium (Ca) or EGTA, respectively, increase or decrease plasma Ca to desired levels in 1-2 min; rapid determination of plasma Ca permits feedback control of the infusion rates to maintain the desired Ca concentration for prolonged periods. Using this technique, we have examined the effect in five dogs of a sustained (1 h) decrease in plasma Ca from 9.6 to 7.6 mg/dl on the secretion of PTH. Plasma immunoreactive PTH (IPTH) concentration in precaval blood increased within 1 min, peaked at 4-10 min (greater than 5 times control), but thereafter declined gradually to 57% of the maximum at 60 min, despite ongoing and constant hypocalcemia. Abrupt restoration of normocalcemia caused IPTH levels to decrease with an apparent half time of 3.0 +/- 0.3 min (mean +/- SE). Thus, external feedback-regulated control of plasma Ca is possible in experimental animals. IPTH concentrations decline from the maximum during constant hypocalcemia, a new observation that suggests that PTH secretion and/or metabolism are altered progressively by the hypocalcemia. PMID- 6787929 TI - Role of calcium in acute stimulated release of prolactin from neoplastic GH3 cells. AB - Using a calcium-sensitive electrode to monitor calcium movements, we found that neoplastic GH3 cells experienced a net accumulation of calcium when exposed to elevated (50 mM) K+. Acute prolactin (PRL) release was also stimulated under these conditions. Both calcium uptake and PRL release could be blocked by the calcium antagonist methoxyverapamil (D-600). Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also stimulated PRL release but had no effect on cellular calcium accumulation. Likewise, D-600 had no effect on TRH-induced PRL release. Such results indicate that enhanced secretory activity does not require an increase in intracellular calcium content. The observation that secretagogues do not stimulate PRL release in the absence of extracellular calcium was investigated. When GH3 cells were placed in a Ca-free medium, they underwent a prompt and sustained loss of cellular calcium. The loss of such intracellular calcium could be blocked with D 600. We conclude that the inability of TRH to stimulate the release of PRL in Ca free medium is due to the loss of intracellular calcium and not to the absence of external calcium per se. PMID- 6787930 TI - Whole-body leucine and lysine metabolism: response to dietary protein intake in young men. AB - Whole-body leucine and lysine metabolism was explored in young adult men by a primed constant intravenous infusion of a mixture of L-[1-13C]leucine and L [alpha-15N]lysine over a 4-h period. Subjects were studied after an overnight fast (postabsorptive state) or while consuming hourly meals (fed state) after adaptation to diets providing either a surfeit level of protein (1.5 g.kg body 1.day-1), a level approximating maintenance requirements (marginal intake) (0.6 g.kg body wt-1.day-1), or a grossly inadequate level (0.1 g.kg-1.day-1). The change in protein intake from a marginal to a surfeit level was associated with an increased leucine flux and incorporation of leucine into body protein. In the fed state, oxidation of leucine increased sharply and release of leucine from tissue protein diminished. When dietary protein intake was reduced from the requirement to inadequate level, leucine flux and body protein synthesis and protein breakdown were reduced, together with a smaller reduction in leucine oxidation. The response of the metabolism of [15N]lysine was responsible for maintenance of leucine and other essential amino acid economy, and they appear to be related to the nitrogen and amino acid requirements of the subject. These findings also demonstrate an effect of meals, modulated by their protein content, on the dynamics of whole-body amino acid metabolism. PMID- 6787931 TI - Effect of imidazole on renal function in unilateral ureteral-obstructed rat kidneys. AB - Imidazole has been proposed to reverse renal vasoconstriction following unilateral obstruction, presumably through blockade of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis. We examined this hypothesis in rats subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction for 24 h by 1) performing renal function studies before and during imidazole infusion, and 2) measuring TXB2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in urine collected before and during imidazole infusion and the profile of products generated by metabolism of arachidonic acid with renal microsomes in vitro. Imidazole infusion was associated with only a bicarbonaturia in the postobstructed kidney; in contrast, clearance of PAH and inulin, fractional sodium excretion, and bicarbonate excretion were all increased in the contralateral kidney. In the postobstructed and contralateral kidneys, TXB2 excretion was diminished and PGE2 excretion was variable not only following imidazole infusion but after saline infusion as well. The profile of products generated by renal microsomal metabolism of arachidonic acid was similar among obstructed, contralateral, and normal kidneys. These results do not support the proposal that TXA2 is the mediator of renal vasoconstriction following unilateral ureteral obstruction. PMID- 6787932 TI - Sodium-calcium interactions in the renal proximal convoluted tubule of the rabbit. AB - The effect of experimental maneuvers believed to raise cytosolic [Ca2+] on Na and fluid absorption by isolated perfused proximal convoluted tubules of rabbit kidneys was examined. For this purpose experiments were carried out in which either 1) peritubular [Na] was lowered from 145 mM in controls to 40 mM in experimental periods by isosmotic replacement with Li, tetraethylammonium, or choline; or 2) quinidine (10(-4) M) or A 23187 (5 X 10(-6) M) was added to the peritubular bath containing 145 mM Na. Fluid absorption (Jv), transepithelial unidirectional Na efflux (JNa 1 leads to b), and Na influx (JNa b leads to 1) were measured. Lowering peritubular [Na] inhibited JNa 1 leads to b by 28% and Jv by 61% of the control values. The degree of inhibition of Jv by low peritubular [Na] was dependent on the concentration of ultrafilterable calcium ([Ca]UF) over the range of 0.2-1.0 mM: as perfusate and bath ultrafilterable calcium was reduced, there was an attenuation of the low [Na]-induced inhibition of Jv. Above 1.0 mM [Ca]UF no further increase in inhibition of Jv was observed. Quinidine in the bath inhibited Jv by 37% and JNa 1 leads to b by 28%; A 23187 reduced Jv by 37% and JNa 1 leads to b by 15%. These results are consistent with the view that cytosolic [Ca2+], in turn dependent on a Na-Ca exchange mechanism located at the basolateral cell membrane, regulates, in part, the rate of proximal tubular efflux of sodium, calcium, and water. PMID- 6787933 TI - Effects of luminal nutrition and metabolic status on in vivo glucose absorption. AB - Luminal nutrients, but not metabolic status, maintain active glucose transport by the rat intestine in vitro. The present study was designed to examine the effects of these factors on the in vivo absorption of glucose and 3-O-methylglucose. Rats were fed either intraluminally or by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 7 days or fasted for 72 h. Sugar absorption was measured under pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal) anesthesia at concentrations from 7 to 28 mM. Luminally fed rats had a significantly greater mucosal mass and absorption rates per centimeter of both sugars than either TPN or fasted animals. However, TPN rats had significantly greater absorption per milligram protein (i.e., specific activity) for both glucose and 3-O-methylglucose than luminally fed rats. In addition, TPN rats absorbed significantly more glucose per milligram protein, but not 3-O methylglucose, than fasted animals. These data indicate: 1) luminal nutrients maintain glucose absorption by their trophic effects on mucosal mass; 2) the increase in specific activity for sugar absorption after TPN is unrelated to caloric balance; and 3) intestinal glucose metabolism affects its rate of absorption of glucose, but not 3-O-methylglucose. PMID- 6787934 TI - Effect of various degrees of systemic arterial hypertension on acute canine myocrdial ischemia. AB - There is continuing uncertainty about the effects of various degrees of systemic arterial hypertension on myocardial ischemia. In 46 open-chest anesthetized dogs, intramural carbon dioxide tension (PmCO2) was measured directly with a mass spectrometer during repetitive 10-min coronary artery occlusions separated by 45 min periods of reflow. During each occlusion, transmural regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) in the ischemic area was quantitated with the injection of radioactive microspheres (7-10 micrometers diam). In all dogs the increase in PmCO2 from before to 10 min after the first occlusion (delta PmCO2) exceeded that during subsequent occlusions. In those dogs in which systemic arterial hypertension was not produced (controls), delta PmCO2 during the third occlusion was similar to that during the second occlusion. When phenylephrine was administered during the third occlusion to increase systemic arterial pressure mildly (diastolic pressure 95-115 mmHg), RMBF to the ischemic myocardium was unchanged, and the severity of myocardial ischemia was reduced, as reflected by a fall in delta PmCO2. When diastolic pressure was elevated moderately (116-140 mmHg), RMBF was augmented, but the extent of myocardial ischemia was neither diminished nor worsened. In contrast, when diastolic pressure was increased markedly (greater than 140 mmHg), myocardial ischemic injury was intensified (as reflected by an increase in delta PmCO2) even though RMBF rose significantly. Thus, in the dog with acute coronary artery occlusion, an increase of systemic arterial pressure exerts an influence on the severity of myocardial ischemic injury that is related directly to the magnitude of systemic arterial hypertension: a mild increase of pressure reduces ischemic injury, a moderate increase exerts no consistent effect on ischemia, and a marked increase worsens ischemic injury. PMID- 6787935 TI - Carotid chemoreceptors and vagi in hypoxic and cyanide-induced tachycardia in the dog. AB - We investigated the mechanisms underlying heart rate changes resulting from systemic hypoxia in anesthetized artificially ventilated dogs with low control heart rate (less than or equal to 93 beats/min). We observed that systemic hypoxia evoked tachycardia in intact dogs that was not significantly different from that evoked in dogs with beta-adrenergic blockade (BB). Also, tachycardia elicited in dogs with BB plus spinal section at C3 (BBSS) was significantly greater than in dogs with BBSS plus bilateral section of carotid sinus nerves. Furthermore, under various anesthetics, intracarotid injection of sodium cyanide induced a tachycardia response in dogs with low control heart rate (less than or equal to 97 beats/min) and a bradycardia response in dogs with high control heart rate (greater than or equal to 130 beats/min). These results suggest that 1) when the resting cardiac parasympathetic tone is high, systemic hypoxia evokes tachycardia which is mediated predominantly through efferent vagus nerves and 2) the stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors causes excitation of both cardioacceleratory and cardioinhibitory reflexes, the resultant response being dependent on the prevalent autonomic drive. PMID- 6787936 TI - Effect of metabolic acidosis on renal response to parathyroid hormone in phosphorus-deprived rats. AB - Both metabolic acidosis and phosphorus (Pi) deprivation have been shown to alter not only renal Pi metabolism independent of parathyroid hormone (PTH), but also the phosphaturic response to PTH. In the present studies, we examined the interaction between metabolic acidosis and Pi deprivation on renal handling of Pi in an animal model in which metabolic acidosis was superimposed on 3 days of dietary Pi deprivation. The effect of metabolic acidosis was evaluated after acute (for 3 h) and chronic (for 3 days) administration of HCl. In Pi-deprived and thyroparathyroidectomized rats, chronic acidosis increased both plasma Pi and the basal fractional excretion of Pi (FEPi). Furthermore, chronic acidosis partially restored the phosphaturic response to PTH, which was totally absent in nonacidotic Pi-deprived rats. These effects metabolic acidosis were not demonstrable in acutely acidotic animals. Determination of PTH-dependent cAMP generation and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activation revealed that neither of these parameters was altered by chronic metabolic acidosis in vivo. These results show that in Pi-deprived rats chronic metabolic acidosis induced by HCl administration further modifies the renal handling of Pi associated with Pi deprivation. Further, the renal interaction between acidosis and Pi deprivation is at a step (or steps) after cAMP generation and protein kinase activation. PMID- 6787937 TI - Platelets, von Willebrand factor, and prostaglandin I2. AB - Depending on the time of addition, prostaglandin I2 (PGI2; greater than or equal to 10(-9) M) either inhibits or reverses platelet agglutination mediated by human factor VIII-related von Willebrand factor activity (FVIIIvWF) and ristocetin, or bovine FVIIIvWF alone. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, the inactive metabolite of PGI2, is without effect, PGI2 inhibition is potentiated by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, and is not the result of PGI2 suppression of ADP release. PGI2 (+/- theophylline) does not inhibit ristocetin-induced binding of purified human 125I-FVIIIvWF multimers to washed platelets or to platelets treated with PGI2 and then formalin fixed (although subsequent agglutination of these platelets is impaired). Washed platelets treated previously with 2 aminoethylisothiouronium bromide (AET), an agent that reduces disulfide bonds and alters platelet membranes, also bind human 125I-FVIIIvWF multimers without agglutinating. We conclude that FVIIIvWF-mediated agglutination requires both functional platelet FVIIIvWF binding sites and platelet-platelet cohesion sites, and that platelet surface cohesion sites are altered by AET and PGI2. PGI2 from adjacent intact endothelial cells may prevent excessive platelet accumulation on exposed subendothelium without suppressing an essential hemostatic process--the binding of platelets to subendothelial FVIIIvWF. PMID- 6787938 TI - Regional neurohypophyseal blood flow and its control in adult sheep. AB - Regional neurohypophyseal and cerebral blood flows were measured by the radiolabeled microsphere technique in 30 adult sheep under light barbiturate anesthesia. Regional blood flows were determined under basal conditions. The responses of regional blood flow to alterations in arterial PCO2 and to changes in arterial blood pressure wee also determined. In addition, the relationship between regional neurohypophyseal blood flow and neurosecretory activity as judged by plasma arginine vasopressin levels was assessed. Under basal conditions median eminence blood flow averaged 461 ml.100 g-1.min-1 and did not significantly differ from neural lobe blood flow (436 ml.100 g-1.min-1). Blood flow in the neurohypophysis was about 8 times cortical and 16 times white matter blood flow in these animals. Median eminence and neural lobe blood flow proportionately increased far less than regional cortical or white matter blood flow under conditions of hypercarbia. With alteration of arterial blood pressure, regional neurohypophyseal blood flow remained constant beyond the limits of cerebral autoregulation. The neurohypophysis demonstrates a degree of blood flow homeostasis that exceeds that of any other brain area studied. Although the neurohypophysis is a diverticulum of the brain, its vascular system forms a unique functional as well as a unique anatomic unit. PMID- 6787939 TI - Vascular surgery in a hemophiliac. PMID- 6787940 TI - [An electron microscopic study of experimental lingual carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787941 TI - [Estrogen metabolism in uterine fibromyoma]. PMID- 6787942 TI - [Hypophyseal gonadotropic function in uterine myoma patients with various ovarian secretory activities]. PMID- 6787943 TI - Subtle clues to diagnosis of skin diseases by electron microscopy. Intracytoplasmic granules with lamellae as signs of heterozygous Fabry's disease. PMID- 6787944 TI - Subtle clues to diagnosis of skin diseases by electron microscopy. Intracytoplasmic granules with lamellae in Fabry's disease. PMID- 6787945 TI - Survival from DIC following amniotic fluid embolism. Successful treatment with a serine proteinase inhibitor; FOY. AB - A 30-year-old multigravida of 38 weeks gestation bled profusely at delivery. Coagulation studies revealed disseminated intravascular coagulation and a diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism was made. Treatment consisted of transfusion of whole blood and administration of a synthetic serine proteinase inhibitor, FOY. Approximately two hours after administration of the latter, bleeding began to cease and vital signs became stable. The patient survived without sequelae. PMID- 6787946 TI - Anaesthetic safety with the carbon dioxide laser. PMID- 6787947 TI - Signs of endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6787949 TI - Quality comparison of different CO2 absorbents. AB - A comparative investigation into the quality and properties of six brands of CO2 absorbent was performed. The six investigated brands were: Aldalime, Baralyme, Dragersorb, Durasorb, Medisorb and Sodasorb. The following quality factors were investigated: the CO2 absorption capacity, dust content, the flow resistance and the colourshift. The circumstances under which the absorbent is used in the clinic were simulated as much as possible. PMID- 6787948 TI - [The influence of LAP and cardiac output on the pulmonary gas exchange. Intraoperative studies in cardio-surgical patients (author's transl)]. AB - In 21 patients haemodynamic parameters and pulmonary gas exchange were investigated after open heart surgery with cardio-pulmonary bypass (aortic valve replacement, AVR (n = 8); mitral valve replacement, MVR (n = 6); aorto coronary bypass; ACB (n = 7). For describing gas exchange function of the lung the O2-CO2 diagram was used. Stepwise increase of left atrial pressure (LAP) was followed by increasing cardiac output (CO) only in the AVR and ACB groups, whereas in the MVR group CO did not increase. Rising venous admixture (Qs/Qt) under these circumstances was related to CO only in the AVR and ACB groups. In the MVR group Qs/Qt did not change. Qs/Qt is related to low VA/Q areas in the lung. Increased CO leads to rising Qs/Qt from these low VA/Q-areas. PMID- 6787950 TI - [Peridural morphine-analgesia. II. Respiratory depression (author's transl)]. AB - In nine healthy young patients ventilatory CO2-response curves and mouth occlusion pressure were measured after peridural injection of 5 mg morphine hydrochloride diluted in 10 ml saline solution in the lumbar region. Patients were not premedicated. Prior to measurements lower extremity operations were performed under peridural anaesthesia. Five minutes after peridural morphine injection there was a slight reduction in ventilatory response to increasing CO2 (94.7% +!- 15%), which was even more pronounced one hour later (74.5% +/- 14.7%). Mouth occlusion pressure decreased to 86.7% +/- 27.4% after 5 min to 72.4% +/- 13.4% after 60 min. Changes in the relation of the central stimulus P100 to the resulting flow (VT/Ti) was 96.7% +/- 32.5% after 5 min and 95.0% +/- 31.4% after 60 min. These results demonstrate a central respiratory depression after peridural morphine injection with a consequent reduction in ventilatory CO2 response. PMID- 6787951 TI - Relationship between transcutaneous and arterial carbon dioxide tension in adult patients anesthetized with nitrous oxide-fentanyl and nitrous oxide-enflurane. AB - The transcutaneous technique of measuring carbon dioxide tension (tcPCO2) was studied in 30 adult neurosurgery patients undergoing nitrous oxide-enflurane or nitrous oxide-fentanyl anesthesia to determine the relationship between tcPCO2 and PaCO2. tcPCO2 was an accurate (r = 0.9) and clinically useful trend indicator of PaCO2. The ability to detect trends was unaffected by the type of anesthetic agent used. The technique was less useful in predicting absolute values for PaCO2 (r = 0.64). This technique may be particularly useful in situations in which control PaCO2 is essential to patient management. PMID- 6787952 TI - Relationship between arterial and peak expired carbon dioxide pressure during anesthesia and factors influencing the difference. AB - To determine how closely peak expired PCO2 measured by mass spectrometry reflects arterial PCO2 during anesthesia and what variables contribute to a difference between the two measurements, peak expired CO2, arterial PCO2, and other physiologic variables were measured simultaneously. There was a significant correlation between peak expired and arterial PCO2 (p less than 0.001). The difference between temperature-corrected arterial and peak expired PCO2 was related to the presence or absence of lung disease, age, A.S.A. class, and systolic blood pressure. No significant relationship was seen between the temperature-corrected difference and duration of anesthesia, diastolic pressure, expired O2 concentration, or anesthetic agent. Mean temperature-corrected arterial PCO2 exceeded mean peak expired PCO2 by 1.7 torr in all patients, 0.8 torr in patients without lung disease, and 3.3 torr in patients with lung disease. In patients in whom more than one arterial sample was obtained, initial differences correlated significantly with subsequent differences (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6787953 TI - Inhibition of GABA metabolism in rat brain slices by halothane. AB - Based on studies with rat cerebral cortex slices, it was previously hypothesized that halothane anesthesia may result from increased GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) content in the synapses. Since GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, such increases may cause a reduction in synaptic activity. The increase in GABA content could arise from several possible causes which are examined in this study using rat cerebral cortex slices as a model. The effects of halothane on uptake, release, and catabolism of GABA were determined. Uptake was studied by the amounts of radioactive GABA accumulated by the slices, and release studied by that discharged into the medium from slices preloaded with radioactive GABA. Catabolism was assessed by preloading the slices with radioactive GABA and then followed by measuring the amount of radioactivity found in unmetabolized GABA or in pooled GABA metabolites. Since CO2 was established as a major metabolite, it was subsequently used alone to measure the inhibition of GABA catabolism in the presence of varying amounts of halothane. Halothane (3 per cent) did not affect the high-affinity uptake or the release of GABA but did inhibit the catabolism of GABA. Using 14CO2 production as an index of catabolism, the inhibition of GABA catabolism by halothane was dose-related (8.79 per cent inhibition/per cent halothane). Such results support the hypothesis that halothane anesthesia may result at least in part from an inhibition of GABA catabolism which, in turn, causes increased GABA level in the synapse with resultant synaptic inhibition. PMID- 6787954 TI - Effects of anesthetic agents on synaptosomal GABA disposal. AB - In brain slices, halothane was shown to inhibit the metabolic breakdown of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter. This inhibition leads to increased brain GABA content, presumably in the synaptic areas, and to the postulation that halothane anesthesia may arise from an enhanced synaptic inhibition due to this elevated GABA. The ability of many neurotropic agents to inhibit GABA breakdown was studied by assessing synaptosomal "GABA disposal". GABA disposal by intact synaptosomes, which simulate miniature synapses, measures the conversion of [1-14C]GABA to 14CO2 and includes the processes of uptake, release, and catabolism of GABA. The most potent inhibitor is chloroform, followed by halothane, enflurane, ether, and thiopental. Pentobarbital, ethanol, paraldehyde, and ketamine are weak inhibitors. Phenobarbital, morphine, and phenytoin are not inhibitory at pharmacologic concentrations. As a whole, anesthetic agents show particular inhibitory action on this metabolic process in this model system where the ID10 values (i.e., concentration of a drug necessary to produce 10 per cent inhibition of GABA disposal) correlate well with known pharmacologic potencies, ED50 values, or MACs. These observations support the possibility that anesthesia may be related to an inhibition of GABA disposal. PMID- 6787955 TI - Deep breathing and nitroglycerin-induced hypoxemia. PMID- 6787956 TI - Restoration of pulmonary perfusion by a serotonin antagonist. AB - R 41 468, a selective serotonin receptor blocking agent, was found to improve pulmonary perfusion in patients with venous air embolism, in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and in certain cases of impairment of the pulmonary circulation during prolonged major surgery accompanied by blood transfusion. Continuous monitoring of end-tidal (CO2 (FETCO2) by means of infra red capnography combined with blood gas estimations were the principle methods of assessment used. PMID- 6787957 TI - Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalus arnee) allotypes: identification of two specificities controlled by independent genes. AB - Two water buffalo allotypes (B1 and C1) are described, which are located on distinct low molecular weight molecules. B1 is common to water buffalo and cattle. These two markers are inherited in a simple Mendelian manner and controlled by two independent genes. PMID- 6787959 TI - [Dosage of the pentanoic, propyl 2 acid (valproic acid). Utilization of esters of heavy alcohols (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe a method of dosage of valproic acid by gas chromatography. The derivation consists of the synthesis of esters of the valproic acid using heavy alcohols. This method of derivation can be applied to other carboxylic acids. PMID- 6787958 TI - [Interpretation of B and A apoproteins dosage in the acute accidents of the cerebral and coronary atherosclerosis. Age influence upon the results (author's transl)]. AB - In the purpose of studying their respective predictive value, beside the cardiovascular risk, the concentrations of B and (Apo) A1 apoproteins, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were estimated in a group of 110 patients (acute coronary insufficiency : 30 cases; recent myocardial infarction : 50 cases; cerebro-vascular accident : 30 cases) compared with the concentrations of an example group composed of 150 normolipemic subjects, presumed healthy. The concentrations of Apo A1 and HDL-cholesterol remain close in both groups, respectively to 1,6 +/- 0,33 mmol/l and 0,85 +/- 0,18. On the other hand, in the patients group, the concentrations of LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and cholesterol are very increased in all the patients less than 60 years old; beyond they meet the ones of the control subjects with same age; the concentrations of the Apo B stay high in all the cases. In conclusion, the predictive value of the concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and of the Apo A1 remains very uncertain; it's much lower than the value of the concentrations of Apo B, major protein constituent of the atherogenic lipoproteins which are increased significantly whatever may be the age of the patient who show acute vascular accident linked to the atherosclerosis. PMID- 6787960 TI - Current status of peripheral alimentation. PMID- 6787961 TI - Antacids. PMID- 6787962 TI - Aspirated nasogastric feeding solution detected by glucose strips. PMID- 6787963 TI - Epithelial carcinoma of the ovary: current strategies. AB - Epithelial ovarian cancer is usually diagnosed late in its biologic course (70% of cases are diagnosed as stage III or IV). Recent advances in chemotherapy and radiation therapy offer the possibility of long-term disease-free survival and the potential for cure. The selection of treatment for disease confined to the pelvis (stage I or II) remains controversial. After total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy, high risk patients probably should receive abdominopelvic irradiation or chemotherapy; the relative roles of these two modalities are currently under study. Stage III consists of cases of minimal residual disease at surgery, minimal residual disease after debulking surgery, and residual large bulky tumor masses. Patients with minimal residual disease are best treated with either abdominopelvic radiation or chemotherapy; patients with stage IV or bulky stage III disease, with chemotherapy. Despite the multiplicity of active single agents, only one study to date has shown a statistically significant improvement in survival for patients with advanced disease utilizing combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6787964 TI - Molecular approaches to the endosymbiotic hypothesis. PMID- 6787965 TI - Some possible chemotaxonomic approaches to understanding cyanobacterial taxonomy and phylogeny. PMID- 6787966 TI - Comparison of the Euglena chloroplast protein synthesizing system with those of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. PMID- 6787967 TI - Ocular abnormality associated with partial duplication of chromosome 13. AB - We studied a one-year-old child with multiple malformations and a tandem duplication of the distal two-thirds of 13q. The overall findings were similar to those usually found with partial duplication of chromosome 13. The ocular pathologic findings, including monocular spherophakia, were not suggestive of any known chromosomal syndrome, and their cytogenetic significance is not known. A review of 42 other cases of partial duplication 13 revealed a high (85%) incidence of ocular anomalies, most of which were comparatively minor or involved the ocular adnexa. Although ocular anomalies in this syndrome are associated with changes in different regions of chromosome 13, the major ones are usually associated with duplication of the proximal third of 13q and minor ones with the distal two-thirds of 13q. PMID- 6787968 TI - Adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the injured cornea: a step in the pathogenesis of corneal infections. AB - Keratitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa usually occurs in the setting of corneal injury. This investigation was carried out to ascertain whether injury predisposes to infection by permitting this organism to adhere to the cornea. P. aeruginosa was found to adhere to injured corneas in preference to uninjured ones. Adherence was not immediate and required that the organisms remain on the corneal surface for some time. The number of adhering bacteria appeared to increase with the time the bacteria were allowed to remain on the corneal surface. Use of inocula concentrations of 10(7) to 10(9) was best for studying this phenomenon quantitatively and by microscopy. We conclude that injury allows Ps. aeruginosa to adhere to the corneal surface and suggest that this is the explanation for the clinical observation of a relationship between corneal and injury and Pseudomonas keratitis. PMID- 6787969 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone test and the diagnosis of dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6787970 TI - [Anti-D isoimmunization: cases at the L. Mangiagalli Obstetrical and Gynecological Clinic I from June 1974 to December 1978. Perinatal results]. PMID- 6787971 TI - ["Metabolic" myocardiopathies in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787972 TI - [Absidia corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. et Trott.: chronic intoxication of the mouse by a culture filtrate of Absidia corymbifera, containing glycine or lysine as nitrogen source (author's transl)]. PMID- 6787973 TI - Moynihan Lecture, 1980. Major surgery in haemophilia. AB - The experience of the Department of Surgery of the Institute of Haematology, Warsaw, in surgery in haemophilic patients is discussed. From 1961 to 1980 131 surgical procedures were carried out on 110 patients with a mortality of 4.5%. The principles of replacement therapy, advantages of factor VIII concentrates, and factors influencing the haemorrhagic complications are described. The management of patients with inhibitors of factor VIII and the effect of the 'Feiba' preparation is discussed. Finally the importance of new work on an antihaemophilic globulin-liposome compound for oral administration to haemophilic patients is emphasised. PMID- 6787974 TI - A simple system of parenteral nutrition. AB - The practical problems involved in the preparation and delivery of parenteral nutrition may result in such treatment being withheld from patients who would benefit from it. A simple and reliable system is described which has been developed to overcome the more common problems. PMID- 6787975 TI - In vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) against resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Serratia marcescens, and Enterococcus spp. AB - The in vitro activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) and nine other antibiotics were tested against 129 clinical isolates, including 71 of enterococci, 34 of Staphylococcus epidermidis, 17 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 7 of Serratia marcescens. These isolates exhibited a variety of resistant patterns: 97% of the enterococci were resistant to moxalactam; 71 and 81% of the S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to methicillin and penicillin, respectively; 47, 53, and 53% of the P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to carbenicillin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam, respectively; and all S. marcescens isolates were resistant to amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. With respect to concentrations required to inhibit growth of 90% of the isolates, N-formimidoyl thienamycin was more active than any compound tested. Determination of the concentration required to inhibit growth of 50% of the isolates showed N formimidoyl thienamycin to be more active than any other agent against S. epidermidis, S. marcescens, and enterococci, but against Pseudomonas isolates it was less active than amikacin, gentamicin, and tobramycin. This preparation is potentially useful for patients with serious infection caused by resistant bacteria; enterococcal and S. epidermidis endocarditis infections may be special situations which merit clinical trials. PMID- 6787976 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Hong Kong: in vitro susceptibility to 13 antibiotics. AB - Fifty-five Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Hong Kong over a period of 6 months were tested for their in vitro susceptibility to 13 antimicrobial agents by the agar dilution method. Six strains were beta-lactamase producing. In addition, five beta-lactamase strains from Singapore were tested. Among the non beta-lactamase-producing strains, 34 (62%) had intermediate resistance to penicillin, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 0.125 to 0.5 microgram/ml, and 15 strains were fully susceptible to penicillin (MICs, 0.015 to 0.06 microgram/ml). The MICs of penicillin for all beta-lactamase producing strains were 2 microgram/ml, and the strains were resistant to ampicillin. Although a direct correlation between the MICs for resistance to penicillin and the other antibiotics tested was not observed, the gonococci isolated in Hong Kong were notably more resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin than has been reported elsewhere, with 78% of strains requiring for inhibition an MIC of tetracycline of greater than 2 microgram/ml and 51% of the isolates requiring an MIC of streptomycin of greater than 128 microgram/ml. All strains were susceptible to spectinomycin and kanamycin as well as to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (ratio, 19:1). Among the cephalosporins, the order of effectiveness was cefuroxime, cefamandole, and cefoxitin. The older generation of cephalosporins, cephradine and cephalexin, was the least effective: 45 and 37% of the strains, respectively, required for inhibition MICs of greater than or equal to 8 microgram/ml. Cefotaxime, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was the most active; the median MIC was at least 10-fold lower than that of cefuroxime. PMID- 6787977 TI - Comparison of antibacterial and antiimmune effects of certain rifamycins. AB - Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro immunosuppressive activities of the five rifamycins with their in vitro antibacterial and anti-ribonucleic acid polymerase activities indicated that correlation was poor. Examination of their activities on mitogen-induced blastogenesis in human peripheral blood leukocytes and inhibition of delayed-type hypersensitivity to partially purified protein derivative in immunized mice demonstrated that correlation was usually good. Antibacterial activity in cultures and the activities of the rifamycins inhibiting deoxyribonucleic acid-dependent ribonucleic acid polymerase appeared to correlate well. However, when these two types of activity, antiimmune and antibacterial, were compared, correlation was poor on occasion and indicated that the antiimmune activities and antibacterial activities of the rifamycins are probably not related. PMID- 6787978 TI - In vitro comparison of dibekacin and gentamicin activities. AB - Dibekacin, a new parenteral aminoglycoside, was compared with gentamicin in vitro against 221 clinical isolates. Tests for minimum inhibitory concentrations, performed in agar, demonstrated that dibekacin was comparable to gentamicin against most isolates tested. Dibekacin was slightly more active than gentamicin against some isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was significantly less active against strains of Serratia. PMID- 6787979 TI - Microbial transformation of N-methylcolchiceinamide. AB - Seventy-seven microorganisms were examined for their ability to metabolize the antineoplastic agent N-methylcolchiceinamide, an analog of colchicine. Five streptomycetes exhibited significant metabolism, and Streptomyces griseus NRRL B 599 completely converted the substrate to three metabolites. In preparative-scale studies, N-dealkylation resulted in the production of colchiceinamide, the major metabolite (65%), which was characterized by chemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic comparisons with the standard compound. Two phenolic metabolites resulting from )-dealkylation were also isolated and identified as 2 and 3-O demethyl-N-methylcolchiceinamide. PMID- 6787981 TI - Purification and characterization of beta-galactosidase from a strain of Bacillus coagulans. AB - beta-Galactosidase from B. coagulans strain L4 is produced constitutively, has a mol. wt. of 4.3 x 10(5) and an optimal temperature of 55 degrees C. The optimal pH at 30 degrees C is 6.0 whereas at 55 degrees C it is 6.5. The energy of activation of enzyme activity is 41.9 kJ/mol (10 kcal/mol). No cations are required. The Km with ONPG as substrate is 4.2-5.6 mM and with lactose is 50 mM. The Ki for inhibition by galactose is 11.7-13.4 mM and for dextrose is 50 mM. Galactose inhibited competitively while dextrose inhibited noncompetitively. The purified and unprotected enzyme is 70% destroyed in 30 min at 55 degrees C whereas in the presence of 2 mg/ml of BSA 42% of the activity is destroyed in 30 min at 55 degrees C. An overall purification of 75.3-fold was achieved. PMID- 6787980 TI - Screening of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for tolerant response to beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of penicillin, ampicillin, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime were determined for 103 beta-lactamase-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates belonging to five different auxotypes. MBC determinations were base on killing 99.9% of the inoculum after 24 h of incubation. The MBC/MIC ratio was less than or equal to 8 for ampicillin, cefoxitin, and cefuroxime in all 103 strains. Two isolates which were very susceptible to penicillin (MIC, less than or equal to 0.015 micrograms/ml) had MBCs which were considerably greater than the MICs (MBC/MIC ratios, 32 and 64) for penicillin. A beta-lactamase-negative resistant subpopulation having the same auxotype as the total population was isolated from each of these two strains. Killing curve studies were in agreement with the existence of susceptible and resistant subpopulations, which may explain the high MBC/MIC ratios. PMID- 6787982 TI - Comparison of different aminoglycoside assays. PMID- 6787983 TI - Molecular cloning of genes for cellobiose utilization and their expression in Escherichia coli. AB - The genes for cellobiose utilization in Escherichia adecarboxylata were cloned by using recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid techniques and transferred to Escherichia coli. Preliminary analysis of the beta-glucosidase activity expressed in these host cells indicated that the enzyme is membrane bound and required magnesium ions, phosphate ions, and heat-stable, non-dialyzable factors from the bacterial cytoplasm. PMID- 6787984 TI - Hemagglutination method for detection of freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) toxins. AB - Strains of the freshwater cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Anabaena flosaquae and Microcystis aeruginosa produced toxins that caused intermittent but repeated cases of livestock, waterfowl, and other animal deaths. They also caused illness, especially gastrointestinal, in humans. The most common group of toxins produced by these two species were peptide toxins termed microcystin, M. Aeruginosa type c, and anatoxin-c. A method was found to detect the toxins which utilizes their ability to cause agglutination of isolated blood cells from mice, rats, and humans. The method could detect the toxin in samples from natural algal blooms, laboratory cultures, and toxin extracts. The method consists of: (i) washing lyophilized cyanobacteria cells with physiological saline (0.9% NaCl), (ii) centrifuging the suspension and then mixing portions of the cell-free supernatant with equal volumes of saline-washed erythrocytes in V-shaped microtiter plates, (iii) allowing the mixture to stand for 3 to 4 h, and (iv) scoring the presence of the toxin as indicated by blood cell agglutination. Nontoxic strains, as determined by intraperitoneal mouse bioassay of cyanobacteria or green algae, did not produce an agglutination response. PMID- 6787985 TI - Resistance of selected strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to low-intensity ultraviolet radiation. AB - The resistances of 10 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other microorganisms to an ultraviolet (UV) intensity of 100 muW/cm2 were determined. Organisms were exposed in 2- or 15-ml saline suspensions contained in uncapped polyethylene bottles for increasing periods of time, and the surviving fractions were enumerated. Decimal reduction times were calculated by regression analysis, using the least-squares method. The 10 strains of P. aeruginosa, compared with Micrococcus radiodurans and Candida albicans, were very susceptible to low intensity UV radiation. Results from this study showed that a UV intensity of 100 muW/cm2 penetrated saline suspensions up to 40 mm deep sufficiently to kill high levels of microbial cells, especially P. aeruginosa cells. These results allowed us to design a system for determining and monitoring the sterilization capability of low-intensity UV radiation. In our particular case, UV proved to be an efficient mode for sterilizing saline suspensions of P. aeruginosa in polyethylene bottles. The significance and application of these findings with regard to supporting UV as a sterilant are discussed. PMID- 6787986 TI - Comparison of growth and toxin production in two vaccine strains of Bacillus anthracis. AB - Two vaccine strains of Bacillus anthracis were monitored in a 10-liter fermentor to compare growth patterns and toxin production. Under identical conditions, the Sterne strain produced all three components of anthrax toxin, whereas strain V770 produced only the protective antigen. PMID- 6787987 TI - Ketotifen and asthma. PMID- 6787988 TI - Testicular function after combination chemotherapy in childhood for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - We have assessed testicular function with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation tests in 44 boys previously treated with, or currently receiving, chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). At the same time a testicular biopsy was performed in each boy and the morphology was studied. Histologically the chemotherapy appeared to damage the tubular system in particular, and the degree of damage was assessed by estimating the tubular fertility (TF) index which is defined as the percentage of seminiferous tubules containing identifiable spermatogonia. The mean TF index in all 44 biopsies was 51%. Only 2 of the 44 boys showed an absent or blunted testosterone response to human chorionic gonadotrophin. This suggests that Leydig cell function is rarely impaired by such chemotherapy and that most of the boys, similarly treat for ALL, will undergo normal pubertal maturation. Apart from the basal luteinising hormone (LH) levels in the prepubertal group which could not be compared, the median basal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, and testosterone concentrations, the median peak FSH and LH responses to LH-RH, and the mean plasma testosterone responses to human chorionic gonadotrophin stimulation did not differ between the prepubertal, early pubertal, and late pubertal groups compared with normal boys of similar pubertal maturation. Three of 32 prepubertal ALL boys, and 5 of 12 pubertal ALL boys showed abnormalities of gonadotrophin secretion. The increased frequency of abnormalities of FSH secretion in the pubertal ALL boys compared with the prepubertal ALL boys could not be explained by more severe tubular damage in the former group. We conclude that moderately severe damage to the tubular system of the testis unassociated with Leydig cell impairment may not be detected in the prepubertal boy with current tests of testicular function. PMID- 6787989 TI - Immune status of the neonate maintained on total parenteral nutrition. AB - Immunological studies were carried out on 7 neonates maintained on total parenteral nutrition for periods ranging from 14 to 31 days after surgery for correction of gastrointestinal anomalies. IgM and IgA levels were high in all patients but IgG levels were low, compared with normal values. Total leucocyte counts, absolute lymphocyte counts, and T- and B-lymphocytes in all patients were similar to those of healthy controls. Neonates maintained on adequate total parenteral nutrition showed no evidence of impairment of immune function. PMID- 6787991 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum levels of LH, FSH, cortisol, and estrone in patients with endometrial carcinoma. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was administered orally for at least 6 months to 25 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma starting 1 week after hysterectomy and bilateral ovariectomy. We measured serum concentrations of MPA during treatment and serum levels of LH, FSH, cortisol, and estrone before and during treatment with MPA. The serum levels of MPA 3--5 h after ingestion of a daily 100 mg dose of MPA at 08.00 h, varied considerably, the mean value (+/- SE) being 43 +/- 3.6 nmol/l range 15--119 nmol/l. Serum FSH levels rose after operation in the five premenopausal patients and remained elevated despite MPA treatment. In the 20 postmenopausal patients, however, initially high serum FSH and LH levels declined to half the starting values as a result of MPA treatment. After the administration of MPA for 6 months the mean serum cortisol and estrone concentrations at 08.00 a.m. had fallen to 78% and 82% of the mean values before treatment. PMID- 6787990 TI - Mortality and industrial hygiene study of workers exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Because of the demonstrated toxic effects on animals resulting from exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health conducted a retrospective cohort mortality study of 2,567 workers in two plants where PCBs were used in the manufacture of electrical capacitors. All workers included in the study were employed for at least 3 months in areas of the plants where PCBs were used. The vital status of 98% of the two cohorts was determined, and 39,018 person-years were accumulated. All-cause mortality was lower than expected (163 obs. vs 182.4 exp.) as well as all cancer mortality (39 obs. vs 43.8 exp.). Excess mortality was noted for rectal cancer (4 obs. vs 1.19 exp.) and liver cancer (3 obs. vs 1.07 exp.), although neither excess was statistically significant. In one of the plants the observed mortality due to cirrhosis of the liver was also elevated. The results of detailed industrial hygiene surveys conducted in each plant are also presented. PMID- 6787992 TI - The effects of human follicular fluid inhibin on the morphology of the ovary of the immature rat. PMID- 6787993 TI - Antibodies to nuclear antigens in polymyositis: relationship to autoimmune 'overlap syndromes' and carcinoma. AB - Thirty-two patients with polymyositis were categorised into 4 groups: (1) 'pure' polymyositis, (2) dermatomyositis, (3) myositis associated with autoimmune 'overlap syndrome', and (4) those with associated malignancy. Serum from each patient was examined for a range of antinuclear antibodies. Seventeen patients had ANA detected by immunofluorescence, 18 patients had raised DNA binding (greater than 25 U/ml), of whom eight had levels greater than 50 U/ml (SI conversion: U/l = U/ml x 10(3)). Antibodies to soluble nuclear antigens were detected in 23 (72%) by 1 or more of 3 methods, and in all of these anti-RNP was the main antibody detected. Antibodies to other soluble antigens were also present in 6 sera. In 2 cases, both patients with SLE/myositis overlap, these were shown to be anti-Sm. The remaining 4 had antibodies to various protein components of the extracts, but it was not possible to demonstrate an antibody of diagnostic specificity for polymyositis. Furthermore, quantitation of anti-RNP and anti-DNA antibodies failed to define a distinct clinical entity or exclude malignant disease. High levels of anti-RNP antibodies showed an association with Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, and pulmonary fibrosis and an inverse correlation with the rash of dermatomyositis, suggesting that this antibody may be of pathogenetic rather than diagnostic significance. PMID- 6787994 TI - Proteinuria in rheumatoid arthritis--drug-induced or amyloid? AB - Over a 5-year period 325 patients with rheumatoid arthritis received treatment with gold (162) or D-penicillamine (163). Thirty-eight (11.7%) developed proteinuria, which persisted in 10 patients; renal biopsies in these 10 patients revealed 6 cases of amyloid disease. These 6 cases illustrate the importance of investigation of rheumatoid patients developing proteinuria even when they are receiving potentially nephrotoxic drugs. PMID- 6787995 TI - Maintenance chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison of 2 dose schedules. AB - Maintenance treatment with chrysotherapy was given to 44 rheumatoid patients after a total of 1.0 g weekly injections of sodium aurothiomalate. 21 patients continued with 50 mg injections every 2 weeks, and 23 patients received the same dose at 4-week intervals. Their progress was followed over 1 year, after which time their clinical improvements were equally well sustained. Toxicity was greater in those patients receiving fortnightly injections. Five patients suffered a relapse after 8 months. These were not related to the frequency of injections nor to the serum gold levels. There appeared to be no advantage in maintenance injections at fortnightly intervals. PMID- 6787997 TI - Otitis externa in dog due to "Pseudomonas aeruginosa": an experimental study. PMID- 6787998 TI - [Serological typing of strains fo Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Clinical and epidemiological considerations]. PMID- 6787996 TI - Changes in immune function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis following treatment with sodium aurothiomalate. AB - The mitogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis to concanavalin-A (con--A), phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was significantly lower than in 30 normal subjects. After 15--24 weeks' treatment with sodium aurothiomalate (GST) the response to these mitogens rose to within the normal range. Improvement over pretreatment values was significant for con-A and PWM measured as area under the dose response curve but only for con--A if response at optimal mitogen concentration is the sole criterion. The improvement in PHA response was not significant with either method of measurement. There was an improvement in disease activity by 15--24 weeks as measured by a fall in serum C-reactive protein (CRP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), Clq binding activity (ClqBA), and Ritchie articular index. Con--A lymphocyte responsiveness was inversely related to serum CRP levels, but measurements of disease activity were otherwise unrelated to lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness. The observed improvement in peripheral blood lymphocyte responsiveness during gold treatment contrasts with the suppressive effect of gold in vitro. We suggest that the improvement in lymphocyte function is due to the lessening of rheumatoid disease activity during gold treatment, and that the low serum gold levels in our patients were insufficient to mask this effect. Sera from some of our patients were capable of suppressing the function of normal lymphocytes, and this was less apparent after treatment. The suppressive effect of sera correlated with ClqBA. Suppressive factors in serum, including possibly immune complexes, may be one factor leading to suppression of lymphocyte function during rheumatoid arthritis. Such an inverse relationship between humoral and cellular immune mechanisms might influence the clinical expression of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6787999 TI - [Serological typing of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Correlations between the O-serotype and sensitivity to 3 aminoglycosides (tobramycin, gentamicin and sisomicin)]. PMID- 6788000 TI - [African aspects of vaccination in prevention of purulent meningitis]. PMID- 6788001 TI - Protective efficacy of a bivalent (A + C) meningococcal vaccine during a cerebrospinal meningitis epidemic in Rwanda. PMID- 6788002 TI - Gastroplasty for respiratory insufficiency of obesity. AB - Three patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome and one patient with the sleep apnea syndrome underwent gastroplasty for weight reduction. A tracheostomy was also performed in the patient with sleep apnea. The PaO2 rose from an average of 51 +/- 9 to 71 +/- 5 torr and the PaCO2 fell from an average of 51 +/- 21 to 41 +/- 6 torr within two to ten months following bariatric surgery. The improved arterial blood gases were associated with an increased forced vital capacity in each patient. The change in maximum voluntary ventilation was variable. Sleep capneography demonstrated cure of the patient with sleep apnea permitting removal of the tracheostomy. All four patients have returned to productive lives in society. Given proper pre- and postoperative care, patients with respiratory insufficiency tolerate the operation well. Respiratory insufficiency associated with morbid obesity should be considered an indication for the gastroplasty procedure, rather than a contraindication as previously suggested. PMID- 6788004 TI - Prolactin and male reproduction. AB - Elevated levels of prolactin(PRL) are associated with gonadal dysfunction in men and women, but the relationship between PRL levels and gonadal activity is best defined in women. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the influence of PRL on the male reproductive function in normaprolactinemia and to describe the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of the male hyperprolactinemia syndrome as related to sexual dysfunction and infertility. PMID- 6788003 TI - Endocrine profile of semen in subfertile males with varicocele. AB - The semen levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone were estimated in normal fertile males and in patients with oligozoospermia and varicocele. The only significant difference between the mean values of the two groups was noted for semen LH. Patients with oligozoospermia and varicocele had lower level than the normal fertile males. As a function of prostatic infection, no significant difference was obtained. PMID- 6788005 TI - Andrological evaluation of oligozoospermic men for AIH. AB - A protocol for the assessment of oligozoospermia prior to AIH is presented. Three to six carefully performed semen analyses at optimal intervals are required to confirm oligozoospermia. Routine semen analysis consist of volume, pH, viscosity, sperm count, motility, morphology, agglutination, fructose content, and leukocytes. Because of the high incidence of reproductive tract infection and chromosomal abnormalities in oligozoospermic men, microbiological investigation and full chromosomal analyses should be performed in all cases with sperm counts below 10 million/ml. Chromosomal abnormalities are an indication to reject a couple from AIH. Genital tract infections must be treated prior to insemination. Only sperm counts below 10 million/ml require the estimation of FSH levels. The existence of an oligozoospermia group with pituitary adenoma justifies routine PRL measurements in all cases of oligozoospermia and further investigations such as visual field examination and sella tomogram in case of hyperprolactinemia. Testicular biopsy may indicate an epididymal block that can be surgically repaired. Simultaneous in-depth evaluation of the female partner is emphasized, as oligozoospermia in the man does not rule out the possibility of an additional infertility factor in his partner. It is still controversial whether or not AIH, as compared to intercourse, will improve the conception rate for oligozoospermic men. PMID- 6788006 TI - Clinical and hormonal studies of subfertile males with varicocele. AB - To evaluate the hormonal factor in subfertile males with varicocele, FSH, LH, estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) were assayed both from cubital and spermatic veins. The hormonal profile of patients showed no significant differences from the normal control group. Blood hormonal levels of E2 and T in the testicular veins were much higher than those in the cubital veins while FSH and LH levels showed no significant difference. FSH, LH, and testosterone blood levels in cubital and spermatic veins were statistically correlated. A preoperative hormonal study would be helpful in excluding cases in which varicocele is not the underlying cause of infertility. PMID- 6788007 TI - Inhibin in the human prostate. AB - "Inhibin"-like protein, partially purified from the human prostate, was similar to that obtained from human seminal plasma under identical conditions. Concentration of inhibin in human prostate was tenfold higher as compared to human testis and was active biologically and immunologically. The presence of a high amount of inhibin in prostate seems to be unique in humans. Further inhibin concentration in benign prostatic hypertrophy tissue increased by tenfold in comparison to normal or cancerous tissue. Hence determination of serum level of inhibin may be used as a therapeutic tool to monitor prostate diseases. PMID- 6788008 TI - Male diabetic sexual impotence: effects of dopaminergic agents. AB - A double blind study was carried out with placebo and dopaminergic agents in 100 patients with male diabetic sexual impotence. In basal conditions, mean serum FSH, LH, PRL, and T levels did not significantly differ from those found in a normal control group. No significant variations with the exception of PRL reduction were observed after use of the dopaminergic agents. Sexual activity was improved in 50% of cases after 3-4 dihidroxifenilalanine and 10% of those of the placebo group. In patients with bromocriptine, 20% improved their sexual function without changes in those receiving placebo. PMID- 6788009 TI - Nitroglycerin-induced hypotension and bradycardia. PMID- 6788010 TI - Serum prolactin during pregnancy induced by pituitary gonadotrophins in a patient with post partum hypopituitarism (Sheehan syndrome). AB - With the purpose of investigating if placental prolactin production had an influence on maternal prolactin serum concentrations, this hormone was quantitated in serum of a women with partial Sheehan syndrome (deficient gonadotrophin and prolactin production). Her pregnancy was induced by pituitary gonadotrophins and the deficient prolactin pituitary reserve was shown by means of pituitary stimulation test with metoclopramide of pituitary stimulation test with metoclopramide and TRH. Quantitative analysis of prolactin was made by RIA utilizing the double antibody method. Serum prolactin concentrations remained persistently low during pregnancy with a minimal increase (1 - 16 ng/ml) at the end of pregnancy when comparing with concentrations observed in normal pregnant women (20 +/- 10 ng/ml at the beginning of pregnancy, and 250 +/- 150 ng/ml mean +/- 3 SD at the end). Prolactin concentration in the umbilical cord was found to be within normal values (252 ng/ml). Results obtained showed that fetal and placental prolactin does not pass on to the mother and confirm the idea that maternal serum prolactin during pregnancy is exclusively of a maternal pituitary origin. PMID- 6788011 TI - Gold nephropathy. Ultrastructural, fluorescent, and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis study. AB - The nephrotic syndrome developed in a patient receiving therapy with gold for rheumatoid arthritis. The results of a histopathological examination of the renal biopsy specimen were unremarkable. Immunofluorescent studies showed deposits of immunoglobulins and C3 in a granular pattern in the glomerular basement membranes. Ultrastructurally, the discrete osmiophilic immune complexes were epimembranous. By x-ray microanalysis, gold that was complexed with sulfur was present in proximal tubular cytoplasmic vacuoles and nuclei. Gold and sulfur could not be demonstrated in glomerular epimembranous deposits. The results of these studies suggest that immune complex deposition does not involve gold and sulfur acting as haptens. Gold-salt therapy may result in damage to proximal tubules that leak renal tubular antigens, which in turn complex with autoantibody and produce an autoimmune membranous nephropathy. The evidence for this mechanism is not convincing. Although the data indicate an immune-complex cause for gold salt nephropathy, the incident antigen (or antigens) and mechanism of action remain unidentified. PMID- 6788012 TI - [Antiviral drugs, XVIII: 2-Aminothiazoles by cleavage of the S-S-bond of disulfidodicarbamidine author's transl)]. PMID- 6788013 TI - Increased urine calcium during hyperalimentation in quadriplegia: report of 2 cases. AB - Two acute quadriplegic adolescent boys with hypercalcemia had large increases in urine calcium during calcium-free, or nearly free, intravenous hyperalimentation. The calcium which spilled in the urine proved to be of endogenous origin since it was accompanied by proportional amounts of hydroxyproline. To limit the endogenous bone losses during hyperalimentation, it is recommended that calcium in an amount equal to that loss be added to the perfusate so that only exogenous calcium is spilled in the urine. PMID- 6788014 TI - An improved method for obtaining homogeneous and stable suspension of C. Diphtheriae for bacterial agglutination. PMID- 6788015 TI - Slide agglutination assay in the C. diphtheriae identification. PMID- 6788016 TI - [Prenatal immunological research on hemolytic disease of the newborn]. PMID- 6788017 TI - [Bleeding duodenal leiomyoma with secondary pseudodiverticulum]. AB - A personal case of bleeding leiomyoma with secondary pseudo-diverticulum is presented. Attention is drawn to the comparative rarity of this form in the world literature and the marked difficulty raised by its diagnosis, especially if its frequent complications are absent. When such complications are present, it is felt that simple resection should give way to more radical management, such as d.gastric resection with gastrojejunal anastomosis. PMID- 6788018 TI - [Comparative study of the activity of several disinfectants against bacterial strains isolated in a hospital environment and of laboratory origin]. AB - The activity of 7 active principles contained in several disinfectant solutions in various percentages, and in water and in alcohol, against 15 bacteria strains (9 of hospital origin and 6 cultured in the laboratory) was examined, using modified version of the contact test (employment of hospital strains, fixed high level) charges of microbes, and short antiseptic-bacterium contact times). PMID- 6788019 TI - [Proposal for a method for the in vitro study of chemical disinfectant activity. Modified contact test]. PMID- 6788020 TI - [Experimental studies on the bactericidal activity of formaldehyde]. AB - A modified version of the contact test was used to assess the activity of a 1.2% and a 2.4% aqueous solution of formaldehyde against 14 hospital and standard bacterial strains. Generally speaking, there was average antibacterial activity for contact times in the 15-30 min range, while excellent activity was observed when longer periods were employed. PMID- 6788021 TI - [Recent findings on the bactericidal power of 2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxydiphenyl ether]. AB - The modified contact test has been used to examine the activity of a water solution of 2,4,4-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether at concentrations of 1% and 2% with respect to 14 hospital and standard bacterial strains. Results show that at the two concentrations used, excellent bactericidal activity is obtained for contact times of between 30" and 3' depending on the strain considered. PMID- 6788022 TI - [Studies and trials in environmental sanitation using aerosolized iodophores]. PMID- 6788023 TI - [Aerobic bacterial flora in cutaneous lesions and in venous catheters of severely burned patients]. AB - Bearing in mind the complexity of the topic and its variability owing to the progress made in antibiotic management, and the development of many concepts concerning the pathogenesis and biochemistry of major burns, the already massive literature is supplemented by the addition of relatively recent data to enable comparisons to be made with regard to the quality and frequency of isolation of the bacterial flora observed in such patients, and above all their sensitivity to currently employed antibiotics. The investigation was conducted on patients admitted to the Turin CTO Major Burns Centre between 1972 and 1977. Initially (1972-1975), a microbiological examination was made of purulent secretions from wounds. Subsequently, management was prevalently directed to the early excision of injured surfaces, and attention was therefore directed to the indwelling venous catheters used in treatment and parenteral alimentation. In cases examined in parallel, moreover, there was often a substantial similarity between wound and catheter flora, and when only one species was present in the wounds, the catheter was often sterile. Furthermore, numerous data were collected from antibiograms relating to the most frequently encountered micro-organisms. These usually displayed wide resistance spectra, especially with respect to the most commonly used of historically oldest antibiotics, whereas their resistance to those recently introduced was generally lower. The question of provenance (from the patient himself, the hospital or its medical and paramedical staff) is also examined. Reference is made to a point that has recently become important in the treatment of burns, namely the ascertainment of the degree of contamination not only on the surface, but also in the immediate sub-surface of the lesions, so as to permit a suitable excision of the eschar and skin transplantation. When a sufficient number of findings exist to support this new concept, it will certainly give rise to further studies and research aimed at bringing new, important data to this so rich and multiform topic. PMID- 6788024 TI - Processing of cricket paralysis virus induced polypeptides in Drosophila cells: production of high molecular weight polypeptides by treatment with iodoacetamide. AB - Infection of Drosophila cells with Cricket paralysis virus in the presence of Actinomycin D results in virtual complete inhibition of host cell protein synthesis by four hours post-infection. Using 35S-methionine or 14C-amino acids to pulse infected cells three major classes of viral induced proteins can be detected, (A) high molecular weight precursor proteins, (B) viral structural proteins and (C) low molecular weight cleavage products. The large number of high molecular weight proteins found in the infected cells suggests that a multiple cleavage cascade mechanism is partially utilized to produce virus structural proteins. In infected cells, even with short pulses, the largest viral induced protein obtained has a molecular weight of 144,000. However with pretreatment of the infected cells with iodoacetamide before pulsing, two further proteins are obtained with molecular weights of 205,000 and 190,000. Other changes occur in viral protein precursors in the presence of iodoacetamide. PMID- 6788025 TI - [Material on experimental polyembryony in Gallus gallus domestica chickens]. AB - Cutting the blastodisc of nonincubated chick eggs in parallel and perpendicularly to the presumptive axis results in the development of twin embryos in 28% of cases. After tripsin and versen solutions were injected in various concentrations into the blastula cavity, the part of the developed twins was but negligible (5% and 3%, respectively). In all experimental groups embryos with different developmental anomalies were often occurrence, as well as various types of malformation were noted in twins. Histological investigation of embryos having teratomic character demonstrated double anlage of some organs in them. Formation of several neural tubes, chordae and hearts was noted. It is possible that in most cases somatic embryogenesis takes place, incompleted due to intensive processes of regulatory character at early embryogenesis in avian. Results of in vitro experiments for studying regulatory capability of early chicken embryos (mechanical trauma was performed in the embryo for this purpose) demonstrate a rather high degree of integration that should prevent processes of polyembryony to develop in the experiments. PMID- 6788026 TI - Alpha-chain disease, schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis: a case report in Brazil and follow-up for 5 years. AB - A case of alpha-chain disease associated with schistosomiasis mansoni and radiological and immunological findings suggestive of toxoplasmosis is reported. This patient has been followed-up for five years and is in clinical remission while taking tetracycline, prednisone and cyclophosphamide. This first report of alpha-chain disease in Brazil emphasizes certain common features of the various report of alpha-chain disease like the low socio-economic background of all individuals, and all living in areas where parasitic infections are endemic. A discussion of the probable etiopathogenesis of the disease is also presented. PMID- 6788028 TI - Parkinsonism due to lithium carbonate poisoning. PMID- 6788027 TI - Increased serum levels of nerve growth factor in von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - Serum samples from patients with peripheral von Recklinghausen's disease were studied by competition radioreceptor assays and radioimmunoassays for biologically active 2.5S subunit of nerve growth factor (NGF). These specimens were fractionated at low pH to partially purify a 2.5S NGF-like activity that specifically competes for the binding of radioisotope-labeled 2.5S NGF to its receptor on human melanoma cells. In seven patients with peripheral neurofibromatosis, statistically significant elevations of this 2.5S NGF competing activity were found: approximately 85% of the patients tested had competing activities outside the 95% confidence limits of the normal population. No elevations of competing activity were observed when these serum fractions were examined by a specific radioimmunoassay for purified 2.5S NGF. These conflicting observations may suggest the existence of two molecular species demonstrating NGF like activity: one sharing antigenic determinants with mouse 2.5S NGF and the other antigenically unrelated. We identified an NGF binding activity of high molecular weight in human serum. This activity is not elevated in the serum of patients with peripheral neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6788029 TI - Tonsillitis due to neisseria meningitidis. Its treatment with rifampin. AB - The Neisseria species with which most otolaryngologists are familiar is N gonorrhoeae, which can cause acute pharyngitis or tonsillitis. Less well known is N meningitidis, responsible for potentially fatal meningococcal meningitis and meningococcemia. Although present in the carrier state in the pharynx of asymptomatic individuals, N meningitidis previously has not been associated with symptomatic pharyngeal or tonsillar disease. Its isolation from a patient with acute tonsillitis and failure to eliminate the symptoms and organism with penicillin led to use of rifampin. Disappearance of sore throat following use of this antibiotic and inability at completion of therapy to isolate the organism from a homogenate of excised tonsil would appear to implicate the organism as a cause of acute pharyngeal and tonsillar infection. It should be added to the list of organisms capable of producing acute tonsillitis, and rifampin should be considered a chemotherapeutic agent. PMID- 6788031 TI - Minor amputee problems. PMID- 6788030 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate in the treatment of postoperative pain]. PMID- 6788032 TI - Properties of mouse inner cell masses isolated by Immunosurgery, exposure to the calcium ionophore A23187 or low osmolarity. AB - Mouse inner cell masses remained intact when exposed to extreme osmotic stress (distilled water) for short periods, but the trophectoderm was lysed in one-third of blastocysts. However, these inner cell masses were not viable as they could not fluoresce after incubation in fluorescence diacetate nor continue development in vitro. It was concluded that cells of the inner cell mass are not more tolerant of osmotic stresses than those of the trophectoderm. Inner cell masses were isolated from only 50% of blastocysts when exposed to the calcium ionophore A23187. Some lysing trophectoderm cells are probably able to restore their normal calcium levels after transfer to fresh culture medium allowing normal blastocyst like development in vitro. Further evidence which suggests that not all trophectoderm cells are removed after incubation in ionophore is that these inner cell masses produced more trophoblast-like outgrowths in vitro and were able to induce the decidual cell reaction in vivo more often than their immunosurgically isolated counterpart. Immunosurgically isolated inner cell masses were viable as they fluoresced brightly after incubation in fluorescein diacetate and developed normally in vitro. There was little or no contamination of these inner cell masses with trophectoderm cells as they formed considerably smaller outgrowths than control blastocysts and were rarely able to induce the decidual cell reaction in vivo. Trophoblast-like giant cells were found less frequently from inner cell masses isolated from 142-h, post-HCG blastocysts and cultured in vitro, than from 118-h, post-HCG blastocysts. These results are discussed in relation to a current theory on the time of inner cell mass determination which states that apparently differentiated inner cell mass cells may reverse their direction of development in response to altered environmental conditions. PMID- 6788033 TI - Antihypertensive effect of plasma volume expansion in pregnancy-associated hypertension. AB - Plasma and total extracellular fluid volume expansion was confirmed in normal pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy. The plasma volume contraction of pregnancy-associated hypertension (pre-eclampsia) was found to be associated with an increase in the interstitial compartment of extracellular fluid volume. The infusion of a plasma volume expander produced significant amelioration of hypertension for 48 h associated with partial reversal of the disturbance of fluid distribution. This finding confirms the central place of volume contraction in maintenance of elevated blood pressure in pregnancy-associated hypertension. PMID- 6788034 TI - Genetic and functional analysis of tryptophan transport in Malpighian tubules of Drosophila. AB - Dissected Malpighian tubules from wild type and the eye color mutant white of Drosophila were compared with respect to their abilities to transport tryptophan and kynurenine into tubule cells. It was determined that mutation at white greatly impairs the ability of Malpighian tubule cells to take up tryptophan. Functional studies on the extracellular spaces and ultrastructural observations indicated no differences in these respects between wild type and white tubules. It is consistent with several observations that much of the tryptophan associated with white exists in the intercellular spaces. Furthermore, the uptake of tryptophan by the w+ system of wild type tubules is inhibited by the analogue 5 methyl-tryptophan. However, the incorporation of radioactive tryptophan into protein in tubule cells from wild type and white occurs at the same rates and is not affected by 5-methyl-tryptophan. Therefore, it is apparent that Malpighian tubules have a transport system that enables entry of tryptophan into a cellular pool and that this cellular pool is initially independent of the tryptophan pool used for protein synthesis. The mutant white lacks this transport system. From these studies and others it appears that compartmentalization of cellular pools may be brought about via the utilization of specific membrane transport systems. PMID- 6788035 TI - Temperature sensitivity of deep orange: effects on eye pigmentation. PMID- 6788036 TI - Enzyme specificity: "pseudopolymorphism" of lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An electrophoretic variant in the LDH (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase, E.C.1.1.1.27) of Drosophila melanogaster was observed on starch (or polyacrylamide) gels. This variant was found to exhibit an identical isozymic pattern (three isozymes with a decreasing staining density) on starch gel and map position as the Adh locus. On the other hand, anodal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in crude extracts has shown LDH to consist of nine bands and ADH of four bands. We have shown than ADH (Alcohol: NAD oxidoreductase, E.C.1.1.1.1) also oxidizes L(+)-lactate or D(-)-lactate with the NAD, while LDH oxidizes ethanol. By using various genetic and biochemical techniques, we have shown that the observed Ldh electrophoretic variant was not a real one and could be attributed to the presence of ADH. We have called this phenomenon "pseudopolymorphism," and the problem of enzyme specificity has been examined. The appearance of a band in an assay using lactic acid as a substrate is not sufficient evidence for the presence of LDH. Hence, caution is called for before characterizing an electrophoretic band on a gel as being equivalent to the presence of a genetic locus. Out of the nine electrophoretic zones of activity observed on polyacrylamide gel (or out of the six previously observed) using crude extract, only two (one major and one minor) belong to LDH, as revealed by purified enzyme preparations. Furthermore, purified LDH exhibits activity in two bands on starch gel (out of three observed in crude extracts), which appear in different positions as compared with those of ADH. Finally, one band which responds to the presence of D(-)-lactate but not to L(+)-lactate has been revealed. PMID- 6788037 TI - Thermal stability of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila. AB - Thermal stability of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase-1 (alpha-Gpdh-1) in nine Drosophila species was studied at pH's ranging form 6.4 to 8.5. This was done by measuring the changes in the activity of enzymes during the heat denaturation process. In addition to temperature, the rate of denaturation is highly dependent on the pH of the incubation buffer. The results of this study show that the thermal stability of enzyme molecules is different in different species. This holds true also in the species in which the enzymes have been found to be identical by other means. The differences between species of the Drosophila virilis group are discussed. PMID- 6788038 TI - Geographical patterns of genetic variability in introduced Australian populations of the marine toad, Bufo marinus: sorbitol dehydrogenase, Sdh. AB - AThe marine toad, Bufo marinus, was introduced to Australia from Hawaii in 1935. From 1935 to 1974, the toad population expanded exponentially to occupy 584,000 km(2), and now has a continuous distribution from Cape York to Tweed River on the eastern coast of the continent. Genetic analysis of the population indicates a difference in allele frequency at the sorbitol dehydrogenase locus. There are two alleles segregating at the locus (NAD-Sdha and NAD-Sdhb). the NAD-Sdhaa homozygote is common in the two southern populations. but uncommon in northern populations. The north-south difference has been established in less than 25 generations. PMID- 6788039 TI - A method for determining the in vivo stability of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1.). PMID- 6788041 TI - Quantitation of lysine-bound glucose of normal and diabetic erythrocyte membranes by HPLC analysis of furosine [ epsilon-N(L-furoylmethyl)-L-lysine]. PMID- 6788040 TI - Effect of environmental alcohol on in vivo properties of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - The effects of environmental 2-propanol on the in vivo properties of Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C. 1..1.1.1.) are presented. Exposed flies were found to exhibit a significant decrease in ADH specific activity with a concomitant increase in the enzyme's relative in vivo stability and concentration. The possible adaptive significance of the observed responses is discussed. PMID- 6788042 TI - Primary structure of the asparagine-563-linked carbohydrate chain of an immunoglobulin M from a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. A reinvestigation by 500-MHz H-NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 6788043 TI - In vitro synthesis of a peptide which modifies the transcriptional specificity of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. PMID- 6788044 TI - Covalent modification of lysine during the suicide inactivation of rat liver cytochrome P-450 by chloramphenicol. PMID- 6788045 TI - [Factor VIII concentrate, highly purified and heated in solution (author's transl)]. AB - A process is described to produce a highly purified factor VIII concentrate heated in solution. Pooled cryoprecipitate from citrated plasma is adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide gel. The fibrinogen is removed by heat denaturation in the presence of glycine; factor VIII is precipitated with sodium chloride from the supernatant. The precipitate is dissolved in a saccharose/glycine solution and heated at 60 degrees C for 10 h. The factor VIII is then separated by further precipitation with sodium chloride, the precipitate dissolved, dialysed and sterilized by filtration. The factor VIII concentrate contains approximately 6 units F VIII:C per mg protein. the ratio of F VIII R:Ag/F VIII:C is 3. The product is free from coagulable protein and gamma-globulins. The efficacy of the heating step in the reduction of the hepatitis B-infectious titre was proved in chimpanzees. For this purpose, hepatitis B virus was added to the pooled cryoprecipitate. PMID- 6788046 TI - Changes in the physical behavior of low density lipoprotein in the presence of glycosaminoglycans and high density lipoprotein. AB - Temperature dependent techniques - differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarizing microscopy - were used to study the properties of human serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) and its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) complexes, and to investigate the influence of the addition of high density lipoprotein (HDL) to the complex system. In the LDL molecule a reversible endothermic transition took place with its peak at 33 degrees C. Cholesteryl esters within the LDL core existed as an isotropic solution above this temperature (i.e. around body temperature), and in the form of smectic liquid crystals below it. When LDL was converted in vitro into GAG-LDL complexes by the addition of chondroitin-6 sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin or heparan sulfate, the DSC curves showed an evaluation of the transition temperature: the peak values in these samples were found at 40 degrees C and under the polarizing microscope a birefringence developed, typical of smectic liquid crystals. In chondroitin-4-sulfate-LDL complexes no alteration of the physical structure of the LDL molecule could be demonstrated. HDL decreased the transition temperature of GAG-LDL complexes and the disappearance of birefringence indicated that in the presence of HDL the lipids within the GAG-LDL complexes existed in a liquid phase at a temperature in the vicinity of body temperature. PMID- 6788047 TI - Papillary epicardial mesotheliomas associated with encephalitozoonosis in blue foxes. PMID- 6788048 TI - Amnesia after transection of the fornix in monkeys: long-term memory impaired, short-term memory intact. AB - Monkeys in whom the fornix had been transected and controls were trained on two versions of delayed non-matching to sample (DNMS). On DNMS-LSS the stimulus pair for each trial was selected from a large set of junk objects so that the animals saw particular stimuli infrequently. On DNMS-RS the same two stimuli were presented repeatedly. Memory for the sample was assessed with retention intervals of 10, 70 and 130 sec spent either in the dark or with levels of illumination designed to promote interference effects. On DNMS-LSS the lesioned animals were impaired, being more susceptible than controls to increases in the retention interval. However, neither group was particularly sensitive to interference. In contrast, on DNMS-RS the lesioned monkeys were unimpaired, both groups showing a marked decrement in performance with increasing retention interval and a high sensitivity to the effects of interference. These data suggest that monkeys possess a short-term memory which is intact after transection of the fornix and a long-term memory which is not. PMID- 6788050 TI - [Comparison of two methods for measuring human serum immunoglobulins (laser nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion)]. AB - The AA. have tested 50 serum samples for immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) with two different methods: laser-nephelometry (LN) and radial immunodiffusion (RID). Mean values of IgG and IgA are almost the same in the two tested methods and there is a good correlation between LN and RID (IgG: r = 0,98; IgA: = 0,96). Also IgM have showed a good correlation (r = 0,987) but mean values obtained with LN are just a few lower than those obtained with RID. Regression lines, calculated for all the Ig, confirm these conclusions. The AA. conclude affirming that the obtained difference for IgM is due to the different standards used for LN and RID determinations. PMID- 6788049 TI - [Electrophoretic characterization of glycosaminoglycans during development of the chick embryo skin]. AB - Glycosaminoglycans extracted by CPC precipitation from chick embryo skin at 9, 12, 15, 18, 21 days of incubation were separated by three different electrophoretic methods on acetate cellulose strips. We observed the presence of Hyaluronic acid, Dermatan Sulfate and Chondroitin-4-Sulfate during the whole period considered and of Heparan Sulfate only after the 9th day. Dermatan Sulfate increases until the 15th day then decreases progressively; on the contrary Hyaluronic acid and Chondroitin-4-Sulfate decrease during days 9 to 15 then increase until hatching. Heparan Sulfate appear the 9th day then increases progressively until hatching. PMID- 6788051 TI - [Effect of calcitonin on human gastric function]. AB - The effects of calcitonin on the gastric secretion have been investigated. Five subjects (age 34 and approximately 70 kg on average) have been injected by 0,25 microgram/kg s.c. a decrease of gastric secretion has been detected. The inhibition of pepsin secretion is much larger than the effect on MAO and PAO. This supports the hypothesis that calcitonin inhibits protein synthesis of the gastric mucous. PMID- 6788052 TI - Studies on the incubation mixtures for the in vitro mutagenesis test with metabolic activation (microsomal assay) = 2. Behaviour of cytochromes P-450, P 420, b5, of NADPH-CYT. C-reductases, and p-nitroanisole demethylase. AB - Cytochromes P-450, P-420, b5, NADPH-cytochrome c-reductase, aminopyrine and p nitroanisole demethylase and lipid peroxidation were determined at various times in the incubation mixtures for the in vitro microsomal assay for the mutagenic activity of xenobiotics. No effect was observed on cytochromes b5 and P-420. A decrease in cytochrome P-450 (about 50% in 2 hrs.) and a much faster decrease of aminopyrine demethylase and NADPH cytochrome c-reductase (about 50% in 30 min) was noted with mice microsomes. With S9 liver fraction of rat, p-nitroanisole demethylase activity was much more stable than aminopyrine demethylase activity in the presence of lipid peroxidation, but the decrease was faster and at comparable rates for both activities in the presence of 50 mM styrene. The use of simple colorimetric assay as proves of microsomal monooxygenase activity and the importance of this kind of enzyme studies for a better understanding of the in vitro mutagenesis results are discussed. PMID- 6788053 TI - [Sequential changes in nerve cells during complete ischemia and the preventive effects of various drugs on cerebral infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788054 TI - Relationship of ventilatory depression to steady-state blood pethidine concentrations. AB - An i.v. infusion regimen was developed to permit rapid attainment of steady-state blood pethidine concentrations (Cpss). In 10 adult volunteers (12 studies) the relationship of pethidine Cpss to the ventilatory effects of the drug were examined. Mean pethidine Cpss ranged from 170 to 320 ng ml-1, with a median Cpss of 480 ng ml-1. Increased end-tidal (PE'CO2) and mixed venous (PVCO2) and decreased slope (delta VI/delta PCO2) and position (ISO-VI) of the carbon dioxide response were all significant (P less than 0.001) for Cpss (1) less than or equal to 480 and (2) greater than 480 ng ml-1. The averaged changes in PE'CO2, PVCO2, delta VI/delta PCO2, and ISO-VI expressed as a per cent of respective control variables, were shown to be linear functions of Cpss. It is concluded that, under conditions of Cpss, significant ventilatory depression occurs at blood pethidine concentrations less than those required for analgesia. The possible significance of these findings in volunteers is discussed in terms of this application to the clinical setting of postoperative pain and its management after general anaesthesia. PMID- 6788055 TI - Carbon dioxide output in spontaneously breathing infants during anaesthesia and surgery. AB - Twenty-eight infants were anaesthetized with halothane, nitrous oxide and oxygen and allowed to breathe spontaneously through a non-rebreathing system during minor paediatric surgery. Carbon dioxide output was correlated negatively with body weight for infants greater than 10 kg, but not for children less than 10 kg. Carbon dioxide output was unchanged compared with before surgery. PMID- 6788056 TI - Effect of cimetidine on renal function in man. AB - 1 Renal function was studied in nine patients with chronic peptic ulcer before and at repeated intervals during treatment with cimetidine (1.6g daily). 2 Plasma creatinine concentration was significantly increased on the first day after starting cimetidine, and at 3 weeks, but not at 12 weeks. Blood urea concentration was unchanged. 3. Clearances of creatinine 51Cr EDTA and 125I hippuran were significantly reduced within 6 h of starting cimetidine. Clearances of 51Cr EDTA and 125I-hippuran returned to baseline within 3 weeks, and creatinine clearance within 12 weeks. 4 Urinary creatine excretion was significantly increased at 3 weeks, but there was no significant change in urinary creatinine excretion, or in serum creatine phosphokinase concentration. 5. These observations suggest that cimetidine causes an early but short-lived fall in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow. The later rise in plasma creatinine was unaccompanied by any change in GFR, and may have been due to competition by cimetidine for renal tubular handling. 6 Caution should be exercised when administering cimetidine to patients with pre-existing renal failure. PMID- 6788059 TI - Failure of bupropion to affect the response to tyramine in man. PMID- 6788058 TI - Valproic acid fails to displace phenobarbitone and carbamazepine from plasma protein binding sites in epileptic patients. PMID- 6788057 TI - Glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance. PMID- 6788060 TI - Identification of a common oncofoetal protein in x-ray and chemically induced rat gastrointestinal tumours. AB - An apparently unique circulating common oncofoetal protein has been identified in rat small-bowel, colonic and pancreatic adenocarcinomas. The tumours were induced by ionizing radiation (small bowel), an alkyl hydrocarbon, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (colon) and a polyaromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (pancreas). The oncofoetal protein was identified by the use of specific xenogenic antitumour rabbit sera generated to the X-ray-induced neoplasm. In addition, the foetal protein was also found always to occur in the liver and lungs of those animals bearing the chemically induced tumours as well as in their serum. These results suggest the existence of a close relationship at the molecular level in the tumorigenic processes, even though induction is by apparently different mechanisms, for cancers arising in tissue or common embryonic origin. PMID- 6788061 TI - Hormone and drug effects on growth of DMBA mammary tumours and plasma prolactin levels in adreno-ovariectomized rats. AB - The effects of hormone and drug treatments on plasma prolactin (PRL) levels and mammary tumour growth were investigated in rats bearing continuously growing DMBA induced mammary tumours that responded to bilateral adreno-ovariectomy (Ax + Ox), Oestrogen (E2) administration increased both plasma PRL and tumour growth, but was unable to sustain tumour growth when the PRL level was reduced by concurrent injection of ergocornine (Eg). Perphenazine (Pz) produced a dose-related increase in plasma PRL, but stimulation of tumour growth in the absence of E2 required a minimal level of plasma PRL induced by Pz (0.15 mg/100 g body wt/day or more). Progesterone (P) (3 mg/day) alone, although without effect on PRL levels, maintained static tumour growth (i.e. it had a slight stimulatory effect) irrespective of the duration of treatment. The increase in plasma PRL levels above the basal values in the Ax + Ox controls following injections of combined P + Pz (0.1 mg/100 g/day) was sufficient to sustain static tumour growth, but not to reactivate growth. Enhancement of both plasma PRL and tumour growth did not occur until P and higher doses of Pz (0.3 mg/100 g/day) were injected jointly; this treatment, however, while unable to stimulate continuous tumour growth, was able to maintain static growth when plasma PRL was reduced by concurrent injections of P + Pz + Eg. From these findings it is postulated that the mechanism of action whereby P maintains static tumour growth is different from that of PRL and independent of circulating PRL levels. PMID- 6788062 TI - Repair of O6-methylguanine in rat liver DNA is enhanced by pretreatment with single or multiple doses of aflatoxin B1. AB - Pretreatment of rats by the repeated administration of certain alkylating carcinogens has been shown to stimulate the removal of O6-alkylguanine from hepatic DNA. Prolonged feeding with the aromatic amide 2-acetylaminofluorene has a similar effect. In this report, aflatoxin B1, an agent from another chemically distinct class of carcinogen, is shown to be capable of stimulating the repair of O6-methylguanine in hepatic DNA. The sensitivity of this system is shown by the fact that this repair response can be fully stimulated as early as 1 day after treatment with a single dose. PMID- 6788063 TI - Experimental production of pulmonary granulomas. I. Immune granulomas induced by chemically modified cell walls and their constituents. AB - The intrabronchial instillation of stimulants in an oily vehicle induces a solitary inflammatory focus in the rabbit lung. When heat-killed tubercle bacilli were administered to tuberculo-immune animals, a necrotizing focus with cavities was induced. Delipidation of the bacterial cells stimulated the production of a necrotizing focus. In contrast, acetylation of the mycobacterial cell walls resulted in the replacement of cavity formation with epithelioid-cell granuloma production similar to that seen after the administration of Wax D, a peptidoglycolipid fraction of the cell walls. These lesions were induced much faster than in controls, indicating that some immune mechanisms are involved. In the present study of the specific granuloma induction mechanism, the biological activities of the chemical constituents of Wax D were examined. It was concluded that specific granuloma induction is due to the long delayed hypersensitivity antigenicity of Wax D which is brought about by the conjugation of biologically inactive mycolic acid with Arthus-antigenic peptidoglycan. Wax D glycolipids with delayed-type antigenicity also take part in the induction. The intrinsic adjuvant activity of these compounds may stimulate granuloma production. The haemagglutination antigenicity and Arthus-type antigenicity of the polysaccharide or peptidoglycan moiety are not involved. PMID- 6788064 TI - Molecular basis of substrate and inhibitory specificity of tyrosinase: phenolic compounds. AB - In order to investigate the molecular basis of substrates, and the inhibitory specificity of tyrosinase, a large series of phenolic compounds have been analysed by using a High Performance Liquid Chromatographic-Scanning Spectrophotometric system. Depending on their chemical structure, phenolic compounds may act as substrates or as competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase. The ability to act as substrates requires the presence in the molecule of electron donor groups, while competitive inhibition on the contrary requires the presence of powerful electron acceptor groups. Certain phenolic compounds used as therapeutic agents or as food preservatives are chemically capable of acting as alternative substrates or competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase in vitro; their effect on melanocytes in vivo therefore merits investigation. PMID- 6788065 TI - Surface IgM kappa of prolymphocytic leukaemia cells with antibody activity to surface antigens of sheep and guinea-pig red blood cells. AB - The immunological findings of a B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia forming spontaneous rosettes with sheep (SRBC) and guinea-pig red blood cells (GPRBC) are reported. The B-cell lineage was revealed by Ia-like antigen, surface IgM kappa and lack of cytotoxicity of anti-human T-cell serum. Despite B-cell characteristics, prolymphocytes formed spontaneous rosettes with SRBC. Inhibition procedures demonstrated rosette formation to be the result of antibody activity of surface IGM to SRBC and GPRBC. Pretreatment of prolymphocytes with pronase or antibodies to mu or kappa-chains inhibited rosette formation. Furthermore, pre treatment of SRBC with the patient's serum or IgM decreased rosette formation demonstrating circulating antibodies to antigen(s) of SRBC. Antigen(s) on SRBC and GPRBC are not related to Forssman or Paul Bunnel antigen. PMID- 6788066 TI - Alloantibodies to factor IX in Haemophilia B characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-conjugated antisera to human immunoglobulins. AB - Incubation of factor IX with non-precipitating alloantibodies to factor IX gives rise to soluble complexes between factor IX and the alloantibodies. These complexes appear as a factor IX molecule with a reduced mobility in crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a rabbit antiserum to factor IX. This factor IX immunoprecipitate was used for the study of alloantibodies to factor IX from five patients with severe haemophilia B (antibody titres 0.1--800 units/ml plasma). Incorporation of antiserum to k light chains or lambda light chains of human immunoglobulin G in an intermediate gel in crossed immunoelectrophoresis gave a reduction of the factor IX precipitin arc, indicating the presence of immunoglobulin G alloantibodies containing both k and lambda light chains in complex with factor IX. Incubation of the factor IX immunoprecipitate with peroxidase-conjugated antisera to the same immunoglobulins, and staining for peroxidase activity, confirmed the presence of immunoglobulin G containing both types of light chains in the factor immunoprecipitate. It is concluded that all five alloantibodies were polyclonal immunoglobulin G antibodies. The technique had the advantage that the light chain types of low-titre antibodies could be determined, and it may be suitable for further characterization of alloantibodies to factor IX if antibodies to immunoglobulin subclasses are available. PMID- 6788067 TI - Waldenstrom-like lymphoma with monoclonal IgG1-kappa: evidence of common clonal origin. AB - A patient with a pleomorphic lymphoplasmacytic bone marrow infiltration, a peripheral lymphocytosis and a monoclonal IgG1-kappa gammopathy is described. An antiidiotype serum, raised against the monoclonal serum protein showed a common clonal origin of the pleomorphic cell population. In the light of recent report on B-cell neoplasms associated with M-components, a hypothetical scheme of the cellular clonal event is proposed. PMID- 6788068 TI - The conservative management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the use of cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser. AB - This study comprises 336 consecutive patients of whom 283 were candidates for conservative therapy involving either cryosurgery or the carbon dioxide laser for the management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A total of 152 patients were treated first in the series with cryosurgery followed by 131 patients in the laser group. Distribution of disease classification within CIN groups was similar. The overall persistent disease after one treatment was higher in the cryo group (14.5 per cent) as compared to the laser group (3.1 per cent). Of particular significance is the high percentage of failures in the cryo treated group (25.0 per cent) with CIN III disease as compared to the CIN III laser treated group (7.7 per cent). The high persistent disease rate observed in the CIN III lesions treated by cryosurgery suggests that this modality be employed with caution in this disease classification. PMID- 6788069 TI - Clinical features and diagnosis of adult atopic keratoconjunctivitis and the effect of treatment with sodium cromoglycate. AB - This study describes 17 cases of atopic keratoconjunctivitis in adults. In 8 cases the clinical appearances were nonspecific and sufficiently different from vernal keratoconjunctivitis to make diagnosis difficult. These atypical cases often showed a fine papillary conjunctival reaction on the upper tarsus, subconjunctival scarring, and in 1 case severe symblepharon. Corneal features included corneal microcysts, peripheral vascularisation, and various patterns of punctate epithelial keratitis. It was therefore important to establish the atopic status of the patient. A personal or family history of other atopic disease was elicited in every case, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the detection of raised serum IgE level. Uncontrolled clinical assessment suggested that 10 out of 15 patients experienced improvement in symptoms with the use of 2% sodium cromoglycate eyedrops 4 times a day. A subsequent double-masked cross-over trial comparing the same treatment with a matched placebo preparation indicated that 6 out of 9 patients preferred sodium cromoglycate while 1 preferred the placebo. Two patients noted no difference. Cases showing nonspecific or atypical clinical features responded to treatment just as frequently as did cases of typical vernal keratoconjunctivitis. PMID- 6788070 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine 5'-triphosphate) from rat liver cytosol. Dual-cation requirement for the carboxylation reaction. PMID- 6788071 TI - Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (guanosine 5'-triphosphate) from rat liver cytosol. Divalent cation involvement in the decarboxylation reactions. AB - The presence of a divalent metal ion together with a catalytic amount of inosine 5'-diphosphate (IDP) is essential for the formation of pyruvate from oxalacetate catalyzed by purified rat liver cytosol phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). With decreasing order of effectiveness, this pyruvate-forming activity was supported by micromolar levels of Cd2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Co2+. At the same concentrations, Mg2+ or Ca2+ was not effective. Combinations of Cd2+ with either Zn2+, Mn2+ or Co2+ were not additive with respect to the pyruvate-forming activity of PEPCK. Kinetic determination, with Cd2+ as the supporting cation, showed a 1:1 stoichiometry of interaction between each enzyme molecule and the nonconsumable substrate IDP. With 10 muM added Cd2+, the apparent Km for oxalacetate was 41 muM, and the apparent Ka for IDP was 0.25 muM. With Zn2+ or Mn2+, the apparent Ka for IDP was 0.2 or 0.13 muM, respectively. The effect of divalent transition-metal ions on PEPCK-catalyzed formation of phosphoenolpyruvate from oxalacetate was also investigated. Under steady-state conditions, the basal activity with MgITP was effectively enhanced with micromolar levels of Mn2+, Cd2+, or Co2+ included in the assay. The Vm increased 7- and 3.6-fold, and the apparent Km for MgITP changed by about a factor of 2 with the optimal concentrations of Mn2+ and Co2+, respectively. The most striking changes were in the apparent Km values for oxalacetate, which decreased to one third and one-tenth when either Mn2+ or Co2+ was present in the assay together with Mg2+. The possible physiological importance of this kinetic effect is discussed. PMID- 6788072 TI - Effects of sterols on permeability and phase transitions of bilayers from phosphatidylcholines lacking acyl groups. PMID- 6788073 TI - Characterization of pepsin-resistant collagen-like tail subunit fragments of 18S and 14S acetylcholinesterase from Electrophorus electricus. AB - Digestion of 18S and 14S acetylcholinesterase from eel electric organ with pepsin at 15 degrees C for 6 h results in extensive degradation of the catalytic subunits, but a major portion of the collagen-like tail structure associated with these enzyme forms resists degradation. The pepsin-resistant structures partially aggregate and can be isolated by gel exclusion chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B in buffered 1 M sodium chloride. The largest structure, denoted F3, has a molecular weight of 72 000 according to gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and is composed of three 24 000 molecular weight polypeptides linked by intersubunit disulfide bonds. This structure is largely, but not completely, a collagen-like triple helix as indicated by a circular dichroism spectrum typical of triple-helical collagen and an amino acid composition characterized by 27% glycine, 5% hydroxyproline, and 5% hydroxylysine. Continued pepsin action results in degradation of the disulfide linkage region such that disulfide-linked dimers F2 and finally F1 monomers become the predominant forms in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Digested samples in which either F3 or F2 predominate have virtually identical circular dichroic spectra and amino acid compositions and generate similar diffuse 24 000 molecular weight polypeptides following disulfide reduction. Thus the intersubunit disulfide linkages in F3 must occur close to the end(s) of the fragment polypeptide chains. Pepsin conversion of F3 to F2 is particularly accelerated between 25 and 30 degrees C, suggesting that the triple helical structure in the disulfide linkage region undergoes thermal destabilization in this temperature range. Digestion at 40 degrees C yields presumably triple-helical F1 structures devoid of disulfide linkages, although their degradation to small fragments can be detected at this temperature. The question of whether the three tail subunits that give rise to F1 polypeptides are identical remains open. PMID- 6788074 TI - Reactive lysyl of myosin subfragment 1: location on the 27K fragment and labeling properties. AB - The limited tryptic digestion of the heavy chain of chymotryptic myosin subfragment 1 resulted in five peptides with approximate molecular weights of 75K, 50K, 29.5K, 27K, and 20K. Of the five peptides, two, 75K and 29.5K, were transient and disappeared during the digestion. Our data suggest that the 27K fragment is generated by two parallel routes: directly from the 75K fragment and through a 29.5K precursor. A method was developed to isolate the final products, 50K, 27K, and 20K fragments, of the tryptic hydrolysis of the heavy chain of myosin subfragment 1. Using this method, it was found that the reactive lysyl residue, labeled by a trinitrophenyl moiety, resides in the 27K fragment. The reactive lysyl residue was also present in the 29.5K fragment. The trinitrophenylation of the reactive lysyl residue was inhibited by magnesium pyrophosphate in the 27K but not in the 29.5K fragment. This may indicate that the two routes of generating the 27K peptide correspond to the proteolysis of two qualitatively different subfragment-1 heads as suggested by Tonomura [Tonomura Y. (1972) Muscle Proteins, Muscle Contraction and Cation Transport, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, and University Park Press, Baltimore]. PMID- 6788075 TI - Denaturation and renaturation of Penicillium chrysogenum mycophage double stranded ribonucleic acid in tetraalkylammonium salt solutions. AB - The base composition dependence of double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) melting was studied by observing the structure and widths of melting transitions for Penicillium chrysogenum mycophage RNA as well as differences in melting temperatures of two RNAs of different base composition. Double-stranded RNA melting is independent of base compositions in 3.5 M Et4NCl and 4.6 M Me4NCl, where the melting temperatures are 25 and 92 degrees C, respectively. Double stranded RNA renaturation rate constants are reported in Et4NCl solutions. The nucleation rate constant is about 10 times lower than that for double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid. Analyses of renaturation kinetics results lead to the conclusion that each of the three similar but separable RNA segments of Penicillium chrysogenum mycophage is unique. PMID- 6788076 TI - Renaturation rate studies of a single family of interspersed repeated sequences in human deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - We have investigated the renaturation kinetics of a single family of cloned interspersed repeated sequences isolated from human DNA. Cross-renaturation studies of individual cloned sequences reveal heterogeneity in both the renaturation rate and the thermal stability of heteroduplexes formed from members of this family of sequences. However, cloned members of this family all renature with approximately the same number of copies in the human genome, demonstrating that they are a single family of sequences by the criterion of DNA renaturation kinetics. When a single cloned member of the family is renatured with total human DNA as a function of temperature, the thermal stability of the renatured heteroduplexes is found to be independent of the renaturation temperature over the range 25 degrees C below to 4 degrees C above the melting temperature. Further, the number of genomic copies with which this cloned family member reacts is also independent of the renaturation temperature from 25 degrees C below up to the melting temperatures. These observations demonstrate a remarkable degree of homogeneity in the evolutionary sequence divergence of members of this family. These results also demonstrate that renaturation kinetics can accurately measure the number of genomic copies of interspersed repeated DNA sequences. PMID- 6788077 TI - Study of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis using mercurated nucleotide substrates. PMID- 6788078 TI - Renaturation of bovine erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase B denatured by acid, heat, and detergent. PMID- 6788079 TI - DL-alpha-(Difluoromethyl)arginine: a potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of bacterial decarboxylases. AB - DL-alpha-(Difluoromethyl)arginine (RMI 71 897) is an irreversible inhibitor of both the biosynthetic and biodegradative arginine decarboxylases of Escherichia coli and of the biosynthetic arginine decarboxylases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Ki is close to 800 muM for the biosynthetic decarboxylase of E. coli and 140 muM for the biodegradative enzyme while the respective half-lives (t1/2) calculated for an infinite concentration of inhibitor are 1.0 and 2.1 min. The inhibitor also blocks the arginine decarboxylase activity of E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo, indicating that the compound is transported into the cell. DL-alpha-Methylarginine (RMI 71 699) was found to be a competitive inhibitor of both arginine decarboxylases from E. coli. These results suggest that it may be possible to use an arginine decarboxylase inhibitor in conjunction with known inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase to block all putrescine biosynthesis in prokaryotic cells and thus to study the effects of such inhibition in these organisms. PMID- 6788080 TI - Enzyme-catalyzed condensation reactions which initiate rapid peptic cleavage of substrates. 1. How the structure of an activating peptide determines its efficiency. AB - The addition of a small peptide can significantly increase the rate at which pepsin cleaves a substrate at pH 4.5. Why? In order to find out, we have determined spectrophotometrically the relative ability of over a dozen peptides to speed the initial rate of disappearance of Phe-Trp-NH2 and Leu-Trp-Met-Arg. Here are some of the criteria which establish the reliability of the acquired kinetic data: (1) rates depend linearly on [E] and , to a good approximation, on [activator], (2) measurements with both substrates yield the same ranking for the activators tested; (3) high-pressure liquid chromatographic investigations independently confirm conclusions derived from the spectrophotometric studies. The best activators found were Z-Ala-Phe and Ala-Leu. At 3.2 mM they are respectively 60 and 30 times more effective than an equal concentration of A (Ala)2. The two-step mechanism given below (for Phe-Trp-NH2) best explains the structural specificity found, as well as other observations on the nature of these activated cleavages. It assumes that reaction commences when pepsin catalyzes synthesis of a peptide bond between activator and substrate. The polypeptide so formed subsequently undergoes scission at a different bond. The modified activator liberated, here designated Z-AA2-AA1-Phe, can eventually provide a variety of reaction products, as the succeeding paper demonstrates. PMID- 6788081 TI - Enzyme-catalyzed condensation reactions which initiate rapid peptic cleavage of substrates. 2. Proof of mechanism for three examples. PMID- 6788082 TI - Oxygen-18 leaving group kinetic isotope effects on the hydrolysis of nitrophenyl glycosides. 1. beta-galactosidease-catalyzed hydrolysis. AB - Oxygen-18 leaving group kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) have been determined on both Vmax (V) and Vmax/Km (V/K) for the beta-galactosidase-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside (I) and 2,4-dinitrophenyl beta-D-galactoside (II). The former substrate exhibits KIEs of 1.022 +/- 0.002 and 1.014 +/- 0.003 on V and V/K, respectively, while corresponding KIEs for the latter are 1.002 +/- 0.0009 and 1.030 +/- 0.003. These results indicate that bond scission is largely rate determining for I but not for II at substrate saturation. The first irreversible step for both substrates must involve cleavage of the bond to the nitrophenyl leaving group. The mechanism proposed for this reaction is characterized by two parallel pathways for substrate hydrolysis. The predominant route for all but the most reactive substrates involves a SN2 nucleophilic displacement of aglycon by the enzyme to yield a covalent galactosyl-enzyme which in turn is hydrolyzed via a nucleophilic attach by water. The most reactive substrates (e.g., II) from transiently an enzyme-bound galactosyl oxo-carbonium ion which partitions between enzyme to give the covalent galactosyl-enzyme and H2O to yield galactose. PMID- 6788083 TI - Oxygen-18 leaving group kinetic isotope effects on the hydrolysis of nitrophenyl glycosides. 2. Lysozyme and beta-glucosidase: acid and alkaline hydrolysis. AB - Oxygen-18 leaving group kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) have been measured for a set of glycosyl transfer reactions with p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glycosides as substrates. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis and alkaline hydrolysis exhibit KIEs of K16/k18 = 1.0355 +/- 0.0015 and 1.0386 +/- 0.0032, respectively. Lysozyme and beta-glucosidase A show KIEs on Vmax/Km (V/K) of (V/KI)16/(V/K)18 = 1.0467 +/- 0.0015 and 1.0377 +/0 0.0061, respectively. The large magnitude of these KIEs requires that carbon-oxygen bond scission be far advanced in the transition states for these reactions; therefore in the transition states for the first irreversible steps in these reaction sequences, scission of the glycosidic bond must be essentially complete for the reactions catalyzed by lysozyme and beta glucosidase A, which are thought to proceed via SN1 and SN2 mechanisms, respectively. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis is shown to proceed through a transition state involving at least 80% C-O bond cleavage and only partially proton transfer to the leaving p-nitrophenyl oxygen atom. PMID- 6788084 TI - Role of calcium in exocrine pancreas secretion. VII. Effect of sodium on enzyme secretion and calcium metabolism in rabbit pancreatic fragments and acinar cells. AB - 1. The role of sodium in the pancreatic stimulus-secretion coupling has been studied. 2. Reduction of the extracellular sodium concentration or addition of ouabain to the medium inhibits the stimulation of enzyme secretion by carbachol. 3. Incubation in low sodium medium or in the presence of ouabain increases the exchangeable calcium content, but not the total calcium content of acinar cells. 4. Depending on preincubation time and the substrate replacing sodium in the low sodium medium, the carbachol-induced Ca45(2)+ efflux may be blocked, but it is not blocked by addition of ouabain to a normal Na+ medium. 5. Stimulation of enzyme secretion by the calcium ionophore A23187 in the presence of external calcium is inhibited in low sodium as well as in ouabain containing media. 6. These findings suggest that reduction of the Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane blocks the coupling between intracellular calcium release and exocytosis, while under certain conditions it also blocks the coupling between hormone-receptor interactions and intracellular calcium release. PMID- 6788085 TI - Distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine arachidonic acid in platelet membranes. AB - Arachidonic acid (20 : 4) and other fatty acids and aldehydes in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) present on the platelet surface was determined. Surface-exposed PE was isolated by using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonate, a non penetrating probe (Schick, P.K., Kurica, K.B. and Chacko, G.K. (1976) J. Clin. Invest. 57, 1221--1226). PE contains 50% total platelet arachidonic acid. Approx. 16% platelet PE is present on the platelet surface. The study showed that the fatty acid and aldehyde composition of PE on the platelet surface is virtually identical to that in PE present inside the platelet. Therefore, 8 nmol arachidonic acid are present in PE in the outer layer of the plasma membrane in 10(9) platelets. PMID- 6788086 TI - The chloroplast genome of bleached mutants of Euglena gracilis. AB - Bleached mutants of Euglena gracilis, traditionally thought to be completely deprived of chloroplast DNA, have been shown to contain a defective chloroplast genome, present at a very low copy number, and preferentially retaining ribosomal RNA genes. We propose to call these mutants phi-, because of their resemblance with the rho- mutants of yeast. PMID- 6788087 TI - Regulatory properties of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was subjected to a steady-state kinetic analysis using the exponential model for a regulatory enzyme and a sensitive statistical fitting procedure. This showed that all the substrates, pyruvate, CoA and NAD+, exhibit cooperative kinetics towards the native multienzyme complex. PMID- 6788088 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on phosphorylase b. AB - Prostaglandins at mM concentration are able to induce a small activation to rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b (1,4-alpha-D-glucan: orthophosphate alpha D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.1) in the absence of AMP. The extent of this activation depends on the nature of the molecular structure of prostaglandins. Saturated and unsaturated higher fatty acids were unable to substitute for prostaglandins. The main findings of our studies can be summarized as follows: (1) Prostaglandins inhibit the AMP-induced activation of phosphorylase b. (2) Modification of the AMP binding site with 2,3-butanedione could not inhibit the activity induced by prostaglandins. (3) Enzyme activation by prostaglandins is stimulated by spermine. (4) Phosphorylase b activation by prostaglandins and the observed stimulation of this activation by spermine were found to be temperature dependent. (5) Prostaglandins affect the quaternary structure of phosphorylase b inducing a partial enzyme tetramerization which is enhanced in the presence of spermine. The extent of this tetramerization is temperature dependent. PMID- 6788089 TI - Characterization of a fibrinogenase from northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) venom. AB - One of the fractions obtained by the carboxymethylcellulose ion-exchange chromatography of northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) venom prevented the thrombin-induced clotting of fibrinogen by proteolytically degrading the fibrinogen. The active component has been further purified to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity by molecular sieve chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated a molecular weight of 22 900 +/- 600 for the purified enzyme. In addition to its fibrinogenase activity, it catalyzed the hydrolysis of hide power azure and had an intraperitoneal LD50 value in mice of less than 5.1 microgram/g body weight. The enzyme rapidly destroyed fibrinogen's ability to form clots. Electrophoresis of fibrinogen which had been incubated only a few minutes with the fibrinogenase revealed the rapid disappearance of the alpha-chain and the appearance of lower molecular weight fragments. The neutral pH optimum and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and dithiothreitol sensitivity indicated that this enzyme belonged to the class metalloproteinases. Atomic absorption studies have revealed one zinc atom per molecule of protein. The apoenzyme's activity was restored by incubation with ZnCl2. PMID- 6788090 TI - Abnormal apolipoprotein composition in alcoholic hepatitis. AB - Alcoholic hepatitis leads to major derangements in lipoprotein metabolism. This study defines the characteristics of the abnormal high density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein in relation to the severity of the disease. In severely affected subjects very low density lipoprotein apolipoproteins were deficient in apolipoprotein E and apolipoprotein C. The concentration of high density lipoprotein was markedly reduced, although the proportion of high density lipoprotein 1 was substantially elevated when compared to normal subjects. High density lipoproteins were deficient in apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein AII but enriched in apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E complexes and apolipoprotein C, and contained a mixture of particles. The high density lipoprotein of subjects with alcoholic hepatitis contained a high proportion of material which bound to heparin affinity columns. This bound fraction contained a group of particles rich in apolipoprotein E, apolipoprotein E complexes and apolipoprotein C and was deficient in apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein AII. Examination by electron microscopy showed the presence of both discoidal and spherical particles, which varied in concentration according to the severity of the disease. Another fraction of high density lipoprotein, not bound to heparin, contained reduced amounts of apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein AII, consisted of disc-shaped particles and showed a higher esterified: free cholesterol ratio than the other high density lipoprotein fraction. PMID- 6788091 TI - Induction of prostacyclin formation by sodium n-butyrate in a cloned epithelial liver cell line. AB - The effect of sodium n-butyrate on prostaglandin synthesis in cultured cells was examined. Exposure of BC-90 cells, a clone of an epithelial rat liver cell line, to 1 mM sodium n-butyrate for 40 h induced prostacyclin production. Prostacyclin synthesis was proved by demonstrating: (1) production of labeled 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha by treating [14C]arachidonic acid pre-labeled cells with calcium ionophore A23187, (2) production of unstable substance that inhibited adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation, and (3) conversion of [14C]arachidonic acid to 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha in homogenates of n butyrate-treated cells. Untreated control cells showed negligible prostaglandin synthesis. Untreated cell homogenates did not convert [14C]arachidonic acid to any prostaglandins, but they converted [14C]prostaglandin H2 to prostacyclin. Induction of prostacyclin production by n-butyrate was also demonstrated with cells that had been treated with acetylsalicylic acid before n-butyrate treatment in acetylsalicylic acid-free medium. Incorporation of [3H]acetylsalicylic acid by sodium n-butyrate-treated cells increased in accordance with treatment time, while that of untreated cells did not change during culture. There was no difference in the phospholipase A2 activities of n-butyrate-treated and untreated cells. From these findings, the possibility that n-butyrate induced prostacyclin in BC-90 cells through induction of fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity is discussed. PMID- 6788092 TI - Effects of estradiol on the metabolism of arachidonic acid by aortas and platelets in rats. AB - We have previously reported that estradiol treatment stimulates prostacyclin production by cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells, through the stimulation of fatty acid cyclooxygenase and prostacyclin synthetase activities. In order to see whether estradiol stimulates the fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity in platelets, intact rats were treated with estradiol, and thromboxane biosynthesis in platelets and prostacyclin production by aortas were investigated. Estradiol significantly stimulates prostacyclin production by aortas. However, no significant effect on thromboxane biosynthesis in platelets is observed. Our present results support the idea that estradiol would be a protective hormone in atherosclerotic heart disease. PMID- 6788093 TI - [Chromophore composition and nature of the absorption spectra of phycobiliproteins]. AB - It was shown that phycobiliproteins are native pigment complexes, in which the protein quaternary structure is responsible for the aggregation of the chromophore groups covalently bound to the apoprotein. The main factor determining the structure of the phycobiliprotein absorption spectra is the excitone interaction of the chromophores, in which the number of bands in the spectrum is proportional to the number of interacting chromophores. In accordance with the number of bands (4) in the phycocyanobilin spectrum, i. e. chromophore of allophycocyanin and C-phycocyanin, and with the number of chromophores covalently linked to each one of the apoprotein molecules (2 for allophycocyanin and 3 for C-phycocyanin) their absorption spectra split into eight (2 X 4) and twelve (3 X 4) and twelve (3 X 4) bands, respectively. It is concluded that allophycocyanin is a native aggregate--dimer, while C-phycocyanin is a trimer of phycocyanobilin. PMID- 6788094 TI - [Isolation and characterization of the polypeptide fragments obtained by limited proteolysis of botulinic toxin type A]. AB - A limited proteolysis of the botulinic toxin of A type by subtylopeptidase A resulted in two high molecular weight non-toxic fragments. The peptide with mol. weight of 100,000 is made up of two subunits with mol. weights of 52,000 and 48,000. The second peptide whose mol. weight is 40,000 is a single-chained one. The high molecular weight peptide has one S--S bond and two SH-groups, whereas the one with a lower molecular weight--no S--S bond and 1.3--1.5 SH-groups. Dansylation of the first fragment revealed two N-terminal amino acids (histidine, arginine) in toxin, which suggests the localization of the first fragment at the N-end of the toxin molecule. Using immunochemical analysis with monospecific antiserum against original toxin and antifragment sera, the antigenic determinants from the fragments were shown to be serologically different. A structural model of botulinic toxin of A type is proposed. PMID- 6788095 TI - [Composition of the folded chromosome from Anabaena variabilis]. AB - A "heavy" nucleoid (folded chromosome) from A. variabilis has been isolated in preparative amounts. The composition of the folded chromosome and that of a more simple DNA--protein complex isolated from the "heavy" nucleoid of A. variabilis by chromatography on a column with methylated albumin (MAK) were studied. It was shown that the "heavy" nucleoids contain total cell DNA in a complex with the definite membrane fragment, which can be discovered by a large number of membrane proteins, phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides and amino sugars. After MAK chromatography the DNA--protein complex also contains total cellular DNA, a negligible amount of membrane polypeptides and noticeable amounts of phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 6788096 TI - [Canine fibrinogen glycopeptides]. AB - Canine fibrinogen was digested by a complex of proteases from Streptomyces griseus. The degradation products were purified by gel-filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and electrophoresis, resulting in nine glycopeptides, eight of which contained aspartic acid and one--serine. The other amino acids were found only in trace amounts. The glycopeptides were shown to contain hexoamines, mannose, galactose and sialic acid. The oligosaccharide chains form a sequence of structurally similar variants. The individual microheterogeneity of canine fibrinogen with respect to carbohydrate chains was detected. A comparison of the carbohydrate composition of fibrinogen and glycopeptides suggests the presence of four carbohydrate chains in the protein molecule. PMID- 6788097 TI - [Cause of the activity loss of the alternative pathway of electron transport in cyanide-resistant mitochondria of the yeast Candida lipolytica]. AB - The cause of the activity loss of alternative pathway of electron transport in mitochondria of the yeast Candida lipolytica has been investigated. Incubation of cyanide-resistant mitochondria at 25 degrees was shown to cause the loss by mitochondria of their ability to oxidize substrates in the presence of 1 mM cyanide. This suggests that in the course of incubation the alternative pathway loses its activity. Repeated washing of mitochondria with a solution containing 2,5 mM EDTA inhibits, while Ca2+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ (but not Sr2+) enhance the process of the activity loss of the alternative pathway. The loss of the cyanide resistant respiration is also observed during incubation of mitochondria in the presence of phospholipases A, C and D or lysolecithin. In all cases studied the reactivation of the cyanide-resistant respiration of mitochondria is attained by addition of azolectin. The loss of cyanide-resistant respiration is accompanied by the activity reduction of the main respiratory chain, which is restored by addition of cytochrome c and Mg2+. These data indicate that the activity loss of the alternative pathway is not related to inactivation of any components in the alternative pathway itself or in the main respiratory chain. The most probable cause of the activity loss in the destruction of reducing equivalents in the alternative pathway of a donor as a result of a break of the structural entity of the internal membrane of mitochondria due to the detersive action of the phospholipid lysoforms produced either by endogenic or exogenic phospholipases. PMID- 6788098 TI - [Role of phosphate and divalent metal ions in regulation of the activity of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex from adrenal cortex]. AB - Studies of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex have demonstrated that inorganic phosphate ions cause a decrease in the Km value for alpha-ketoglutarate without changing the maximum reaction rate. In the absence of phosphate (tris-HCl buffer) at low concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate there are some indications of enzyme-substrate cooperative interactions (the Hill coefficient is 1,6). The cooperativity is removed by ADP, which increases the apparent affinity of the enzyme for alpha-ketoglutarate. Upon divalent cations binding to EDTA in the presence of high (20 mM) concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate the reaction rate is decreased only by 20%, while the value of Km for the given substrate shows a sharp rise. The nature of Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+ and Mn2+ effects on the alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activity depends on their concentration. PMID- 6788099 TI - [Comparative role of exo-1,4-beta-glucosidase and cellobiase in the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose]. AB - An inhibitory action of glucono-delta-lactone on individual components of cellulase complexes from Trichoderma reesei, T. longibrachiatum, T. lignorum and Aspergillus foetidus has been studied. It was shown that gluconolactone exerts an inhibiting effect on cellobiases only (the inhibition constants varied within the range of 0.03-0.1 mM) and does not influence the activities of endoglucanases, cellobiohydrolases and exoglucosidases of the complexes. This formed a basis for a new method for determination of the exoglucosidase activity in a mixture with other components of the cellulase complexes. The complete and selective inhibition of cellobiases by gluconolactone with exoglucosidases activity being intact allowed to evaluate the relative contribution of these enzymes in glucose formation in the course of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose (CM-cellulose, filter paper and Avicel). It was found that for most of the cellulase complexes studied the crucial role in glucose formation both from soluble and insoluble cellulose at early steps of hydrolysis belongs to exoglucosidase. On the other hand, the role of exoglucosidase (comparatively with cellobiase) progressively decreases in the course of cellulose hydrolysis. The latter effect does not presumably reflect the changes in the mechanism of cellulose conversion in the course of hydrolysis, but is due to a specific kinetic behaviour of the multienzyme cellulase system. PMID- 6788100 TI - [Dark and photo-induced changes in absorption and fluorescence spectra of phycobilisomes in the presence of dithionite]. AB - In order to test the possibility of photochemical participation of phycobilin pigments in photosynthesis, the ability of phycobilisomes for reversible photo induced redox reactions was studied. The photo-induced fast reversible changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of phycobilisomes in the presence of dithionite were found. Simultaneously dithionite induced dark changes revealed by the decrease of the absorption and fluorescence yields. However, the dark and photo-induced changes differ in spectral parameters depending on dithionite concentration. The ability of phycobilisomes to photosensitive redox reactions was demonstrated. A possible nature of dark and photo-induced changes in the absorption and fluorescence spectra of phycobilisomes is discussed. PMID- 6788101 TI - [Changes in catalase and carbonic anhydrase during light and deep hypothermia]. PMID- 6788102 TI - Regulation of testosterone rhythmicity by gonadotropins in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata). PMID- 6788103 TI - [Influence of platelet aggregation inhibitors on platelet damage at prosthetic heart valves in-vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788104 TI - Subunit interactions and the allosteric response in phosphorylase. AB - The contribution of intersubunit interactions to allosterically induced conformational changes in phosphorylase are considered. Phosphorylase a, Pa (phosphorylated at Ser-14), is significantly in the active (R) conformation, while phosphorylase b, Pb (nonphosphorylated), is predominantly in the inactive (T) conformation. The structure of glucose-inhibited (T) Pa has been determined at 2.5-A resolution and atomic coordinates have been measured. These data have been used to calculate the solvent accessible surface area at the subunit interface and map noncovalent interactions between protomers. The subunit contact involves only 6% of the Pa monomer surface, but withdraws an area of 4,600 A2 from solvent. The contact region is confined to the N-terminal (regulatory) domain of the subunit. Half of the residues involved are among the 70 N-terminal peptides. A total of approximately 100 atoms take part in polar or nonpolar contacts of less than 4.0 A with atoms of the symmetry-related monomer. The contact surface surrounds a central cavity at the core of the interface of sufficient volume to accommodate 150-180 solvent molecules. There are four intersubunit salt bridges. Two of these (Arg 10/Asp 32, Ser-14-P/Arg 43) are interactions between the N-terminus of one protomer with an alpha-helix loop segment near the N-terminus of the symmetry-related molecule. These two are relatively solvent accessible. The remainder (Arg 49/Glu 195, Arg 184/Asp 251) are nearer the interface core and are less accessible. The salt bridges at the N terminus are surrounded by the polar and nonpolar contacts which may contribute to their stability. Analysis of the difference electron density between the isomorphous Pa and Pb crystal structures reveals that the N-terminal 17 residues of Pb are disordered. Pb thus lacks two intermolecular and one intersubunit (Ser 14-P/Arg 69) salt linkage present in Pa. The absence of these interactions in Pb is manifested in the difference in the free energy of T leads to R activation, which is 4 kcal more than that for Pa. Difference Fourier analysis of the T leads to R transition in substrate-activated crystals of Pa suggests that the 70 N terminal residues undergo a concerted shift towards the molecular core; salt bridges are probably conserved in the transition. It is proposed that the N terminus, when "activated" by phosphorylation (via a specific kinase) behaves as an intramolecular "effector" of the R state in phosphorylase and serves as the vehicle of homotropic cooperativity between subunits of the dimer. PMID- 6788105 TI - DNA-histone interactions in nucleosomes. AB - We have utilized micrococcal nuclease digestion and thermal denaturation studies to investigate the binding of DNA to the histone core of the nucleosome. We conclude that a total of approximately 168 base pairs (bp) of DNA can interact with the histone core under appropriate solution conditions, even in the absence of lysine-rich histones. The interactions in this total length of DNA can be divided into three classes: (a) approximately 22 bp at the ends is bound only at moderate ionic strength. It is easily displaced, and its removal yields the 146 bp core particle. (b) approximately 46 bp near the ends of the core DNA are quite weakly bound to the core, and are displaced at quite moderate temperatures. (c) The remaining central 100 bp are strongly bound, and interact with all of the sites on the histones which strongly protect DNA against DNAse I digestion. A theoretical analysis of the cleavage of nucleosomal DNA by DNAse I has been used to develop evidence that the pattern of protection offered by the histone core is very similar in nuclei to that in isolated core particles. PMID- 6788107 TI - [Effect of nitrogens parenteral nutrition on the amino acid spectrum of the blood and liver in thyroxine poisoning]. AB - The effect of nitrogen parenteral nutrition on the blood and liver amino acid spectrum was studied in white rats with experimental thyrotoxicosis. The content of free amino acids in the blood plasma and liver was shown to be considerably increased in thyrotoxicosis in the presence of protein starvation. Injection of an amino acid mixture containing polyamin and improved casein hydrolysate for 7 days favoured the normalization of the content of most free amino acids in the blood and liver but did not completely eliminate their imbalance. PMID- 6788106 TI - Picosecond energy transfer in Porphyridium cruentum and Anacystis nidulans. AB - Picosecond energy transfer is measured in Anacystis nidulans and Porphyridium cruentum. Fluorescence is sensitized by a 6-ps laser flash, at 530 nm. The time dependence of fluorescence is measured with reference to the laser pulse. Fluorescence is recorded from phycoerythrin (576 nm), R-phycocyanin (640 nm), allophycocyanin (666 nm), Photosystem II chlorophyll (690 nm) and long wave length chlorophyll (715 nm). Energy transfer measurements are made at 37 degrees C, 23 degrees C, and 0 degrees C, and 77 degrees K. It is shown that the rate of energy transfer can be varied with temperature. In both A. nidulans and P. cruentum there is a sequential transfer of excitation energy from phycoerythrin to phycocyanin to allophycocyan to Photosystem II chlorophyll fluorescence. The long wavelength chlorophyll fluorescence at 715 nm, however, does not always follow a sequential transfer of excitation energy. Depending on the temperature, fluorescence at 715 nm can precede fluorescence from phycocyanin. PMID- 6788108 TI - [Effect of pyrazidole and deprenyl on monoamine oxidase in the rat intestine]. AB - Pyrazidol (1,10-trimethylene-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazino(1,2-a)indole hydrochloride) in low concentrations (0.005 mM) completely blocks the deamination of serotonin, partially that of tyramine, and does not virtually affect the deamination of 2-phenylethylamine by the mitochondria of intestinal cells. There is evidence for the presence of types A and B monoamine oxidases in the rat intestine. Pyrazidol appears to be a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase of the rat intestine. PMID- 6788109 TI - Abnormal platelet function and arachidonate metabolism in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - We observed several patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) whose bleeding times were more prolonged than would have been expected from their platelet counts. To investigate this further, we performed in vivo and in vitro platelet function studies, assessed arachidonate metabolism, and measured platelet-associated IgG (PAIGG) in seven patients with chronic ITP. The bleeding times of three of the patients were prolonged for greater than 7 min, and all of these patients had impaired platelet aggregation and abnormal platelet arachidonic acid metabolism as reflected by increased production of the lipoxygenase product HETE and a concomitant decrease in cyclooxygenase products, TXB2 and HHT (p less than 0.001). The abnormalities noted were not due to concomitant drug ingestion, since they were present on repeated evaluation. There was no relationship between the platelet count and the bleeding time; however, there was a significant inverse correlation between the bleeding time and TXB2 production in all patients evaluated (r = 0.81; p less than 0.05). There was no relationship between the level of platelet-associated IgG and any parameter of platelet aggregation or arachidonate metabolism. The abnormalities noted should be looked for in the individual patient with chronic ITP, since the bleeding tendency is exacerbated by the superimposed impairment of platelet function even at platelet counts of greater than 50,000/cu mm, levels generally regarded as "safe." PMID- 6788110 TI - Isolation and characterization of an age-related antigen present on senescent human red blood cells. AB - Autologous membrane-bound IgG was isolated from a subpopulation of human red blood cells (RBC) with specific density greater than 1.110, by affinity chromatography of purified RBC membrane glycoprotein preparations using immobilized wheat germ agglutinin and immobilized anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig) as immunoabsorbents. The Ig-containing population thus obtained, when further separated by chromatography on Sephadex G-200 in the presence of chaotropic agents, yielded four peaks (Ia, Ib, II, and III). Double immunodiffusion revealed the presence of Ig in the first three peaks (IgM in peak Ia, IgA in Ib, and IgG in II) but not in peak III. Peak III was precipitated by the Ig-containing peaks (Ia, Ib, and II) in immunodiffusion assays, suggesting that the antigenic membrane determinants responsible for the binding of autologous Ig to senescent human RBC were contained in this peak (III). Peaks Ia, Ib and II precipitate purified asialoglycophorin; peak III was reactive with purified autoantibodies directed against asialoglycophorin. These results suggest that an age-related antigenic determinant(s) present on senescent human RBC is exposed by desialylation of the major sialoglycoprotein component of the RBC membrane. PMID- 6788112 TI - Heterogeneity of B-cell leukemias demonstrated by the monoclonal antibody FMC7. AB - A new monoclonal antibody, FMC7, was studied in 68 patients with chronic B-cell leukemia. All 17 cases of prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) and 8 of 9 of hairy cell leukemia were positive. In contrast, FMC7 was negative in 32 of 38 chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL; p less than 0.001) and 4 cases of B-cell lymphoma. Four of the 6 positive B-CLL cases were in "prolymphocytoid" transformation; two of them had bright membrane Ig (SmIg) staining and may represent an intermediate form between B-CLL and B-PLL. Although there was a tendency for the intensity of the immunofluorescence reaction with FMC7 and SmIg to change in parallel, FMC7 did not correlate with any Ig class. In addition, almost all FMC7-negative B-CLL had weak expression of SmIg. FMC7 is different from other monoclonal antibodies raised against B-lineage cells in that it recognizes only some subsets, presumably those at a late stage of maturation. This property confers diagnostic potential to this reagent and may contribute to the better characterization of the B-cell neoplasias. PMID- 6788111 TI - Effect of multimeric structure of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein on binding to platelets. AB - The characteristics of the intact factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein binding to human platelets was compared to 2-mercaptoethanol-treated factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein and to fractions of plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein that elute after the void volume. These studies indicate that the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein larger size oligomers bind preferentially with high affinity to low capacity sites on human platelets. The intermediate and smaller size oligomers bind with intermediate or low affinity to sites with a much greater capacity. The results from binding analysis are also paralleled by the competitive inhibition of the intact factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein by the various 2-mercaptoethanol-treated materials. These studies indicate that the two classes of binding sites seen in previous reports of factor VII/von Willebrand factor binding reflect heterogeneity in the oligomer size of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein used in these assays. This study provides a model for understanding some of the normal structure-function relationships of the normal factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein and the defect(s) in a variant form of von Willebrand's disease. In this form of the disease, decreased factor VIII/von Willebrand factor binding to platelets is reflected in decreased von Willebrand factor activity but coagulant and/or antigen levels are normal or only slightly decreased. PMID- 6788113 TI - A protein binding radio-assay method for measuring PCB (hexachlorobiphenyl) incorporation in culture cells. PMID- 6788114 TI - [Absorbed doses during radioisotopic lung investigations by radioactive aerosols (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788115 TI - [Evaluation of a one-year quality control of blood gas measurements (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788116 TI - [Development of hexobarbital radiometry and its application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788117 TI - Trapped blood elements within the decidua of the rat pregnant uterus generate a lipoxygenase product(s) which inhibits myometrial prostacyclin synthesis. AB - 1 Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) production by chopped segments of rat pregnant uterus was low compared with synthesis by separated myometrial tissue. Incubation of separated myometrium with decidua (2:1 by weight) led to an inhibition of myometrial PGI(2) output.2 Boiling decidual tissue abolished the inhibitory influence on myometrial PGI(2) output. Preincubation of decidua with 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA) (30 mug/ml) also suppressed decidual inhibitory activity but indomethacin (30 mug/ml) was ineffective.3 Incubation of decidual and myometrial tissue with arachidonic acid (AA) 10 mug/ml did not increase the inhibition of myometrial PGI(2) synthesis, even if the decidua were pre-incubated with indomethacin.4 Myometrial PGI(2) production was reduced if the chopped tissue was pre-incubated with soya bean lipoxidase for 10 min at 4 degrees C. This reduction was reversed if the lipoxidase was incubated with ETA (30 mug/ml) for 30 min at 37 degrees C before addition to the myometrial tissue.5 Perfusion of the uterus to remove blood elements removed the inhibitory action that the decidua exerted upon myometrial PGI(2) production. PGI(2) synthesis by separated decidual and whole uterine tissue was markedly elevated.6 The addition of rat blood platelets (0.75 x 10(9)/ml) to incubations of perfused decidual tissue reduced PGI(2) output and restored the inhibitory action that the decidua exerted on myometrial PGI(2) synthesis.7 It is concluded that a lipoxygenase enzyme contained in blood platelets trapped within the decidual vasculature produces a hydroperoxy acid which inhibits decidual PGI(2) production or myometrial PGI(2) synthesis when the tissues are incubated together. It is suggested that perfusion is a pre-requisite before study of PGI(2) synthesis in highly vascularised tissues.8 The pathophysiological importance of such platelet lipoxygenase products is discussed. PMID- 6788118 TI - The management of soft tissue ankle injuries. AB - The anatomy of the ankle, and the types of sporting injuries that occur in this joint, are described. Traditional treatment of soft tissue injuries involves immobilisation, and the value of this is questioned. An alternative treatment strategy is described, and involves immobilisation and compression for twenty four hours, followed by rapid mobilisation using a balance board. This alternative strategy can bring about full functional mobility in 94% of patients within 14 days. PMID- 6788119 TI - Injuries in professional footballers. AB - The incidence of injuries in footballers is described. Nearly half of footballer's injuries involve the knee, with vertical tearing of the meniscus being common; surgical intervention may be required. Approximately one third of injuries involve the ankle, and will often require immobilisation. Other injuries include muscle damage, spondylosis of L4 or L5, concussion, and dislocations. The importance of prompt and correct treatment of injuries is emphasised. PMID- 6788120 TI - Experimental intra-arterial infusion of Microencapsulated Mitomycin C into pelvic organs. AB - Laboratory experience with the use of Mitomycin C encased in ethylcellulose microcapsules as an agent for transcatheter embolisation is described. Microencapsulated Mitomycin C (MMC-m.c.) was infused into the pelvic organs of dogs by arterial catheterisation and the distribution of MMC in plasma and tissue was examined. MMC levels in the circulating blood of the MMC-m.c. group were significantly lower than those of the non-encapsulated MMC group. The biological potential of MMC was retained for prolonged periods in the pelvic organs after intra-arterial infusion of MMC-m.c. On the other hand, MMC could not be detected in the tissue of the non-encapsulated MMC group 4 h after the infusion. PMID- 6788121 TI - Alcoholism: time for action. PMID- 6788123 TI - Hazards of unemployment. PMID- 6788122 TI - Does cimetidine cause gastric cancer? PMID- 6788124 TI - Brucellosis. PMID- 6788126 TI - Rapid improvement in abnormal pulmonary epithelial permeability after stopping cigarettes. AB - A new, non-invasive method of measuring pulmonary epithelial damage in man was compared with traditional tests of small-airway function. Pulmonary epithelial permeability was expressed as the half-time clearance from the lung into blood of (99m)Tc-diethylene triaminepenta-acetic acid ((99m)Tc-DTPA) deposited predominantly in the alveoli from an inhaled aerosol.Recovery from abnormal pulmonary permeability was recorded after stopping smoking for 21 days in a group of young symptomless cigarette smokers. Before stopping smoking there was a significant correlation between half-time lung clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA and carboxyhaemoglobin concentration (r=0.69; p <0.05). There was no correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin value and closing volume, the only other abnormal test of airway function. Twenty-four hours after stopping smoking the mean half-time lung clearance of (99m)Tc-DTPA had increased significantly (p <0.001) from a baseline of 15.8 min (SEM 1.3 min) to 25.5 min (SEM 2.5 min). The mean half-time clearance continued to increase to a maximum of 35.5 min (SEM 3.1 min) at seven days, but was significantly less than the reported half-time clearance for non smokers (59 min, SEM PMID- 6788125 TI - Renal function in patients over 40 with homozygous sickle-cell disease. AB - Renal function was examined in 25 patients aged 40-64 with homozygous sickle-cell (SS) disease. Investigations included intravenous urography and measurement of blood urea and creatinine concentrations and creatinine and protein excretion in 24-hour collections of urine. Serum creatinine concentrations did not differ significantly from those of 25 other patients with SS disease aged 18-39 years, but serum urea concentrations were significantly higher (p less than 0.001). Intravenous urography showed loss of caliceal cupping (nine patients), irregular renal outline (five), and cystic extension from the calix (one). Six patients had creatinine clearances below the fifth percentile for age and sex. Proteinuria was more common in these patients, and haemoglobin concentrations were much lower than in the 19 patients without renal insufficiency (mean 5.6 v 8.2 g/dl; p less than 0.001). Haemoglobin concentration was strongly correlated with creatinine clearance (r=0.70), particularly with clearances below 100 ml/min/1.73 m2 (r=0.96; p less than 0.001). A possible mechanism of renal insufficiency in SS disease is cortical scarring, which is asymptomatic, not associated with hypertension, and accompanied by only minor proteinuria. A falling haemoglobin concentration is a sensitive and early indicator of renal impairment in SS disease. PMID- 6788127 TI - Familial abnormality of erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension. AB - Cation transport across the red-cell membrane was studied in subjects with essential hypertension and their relatives using rubidium-86 as an analogue of potassium. The activity of the ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium pump was significantly greater in patients with untreated essential hypertension than in controls (p less than 0.001). No clear separation was seen between normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Activity of the sodium-potassium pump was also increased in a proportion of normotensive relatives of subjects with essential hypertension. Rubidium uptake was significantly lower in normotensive black subjects than in normotensive whites, the difference being in a ouabain-resistant pathway of cation transport. These results provide further evidence that a defect in membrane cation transport contributes to the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 6788128 TI - Bacteriological colonisation of uterine cavity: role of tailed intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) are thought to cause pelvic inflammatory disease by allowing vaginal bacteria to pass into the uterus along the tail of the device. In this study the uterine cavities of 22 women using an IUCD were examined by a multiple biopsy technique. All five uteruses with a tailless IUCD were sterile but 15 out of 17 with a tailed device contained bacteria. The bacteria had not reached the fundus and most were commensals. The bacteria were not introduced by insertion of the IUCD as bacteria were present in several cases long after insertion. No differences in bacterial count were found between monofilamentous and multifilamentous devices. Bacteria were cultured from only four devices, which suggested that the bacteria adhere to the endometrium and not to the device. The bacteria in the cavity represent interference by the tail with the protective mechanisms of the uterus, which explains the increase in pelvic inflammatory disease in IUCD users. PMID- 6788129 TI - General practice compliance study: is it worth being a personal doctor? AB - While lip service is paid to the concept of the personal doctor in British general practice, little evidence is available to show that personal doctoring improves patient care. The hypothesis that close identification with a general practitioner leads to better drug compliance was therefore tested. One hundred and nineteen patients from two health centres who were prescribed an antimicrobial drug for a new episode of illness were visited at home four or five days after the prescription was given and their compliance with the prescription and identification with their doctor assessed. Compliance with the prescription was found to be strongly associated with whether the patient thought that he knew the prescribing doctor well. It is suggested that more attention is paid to consultation technique, particularly with new patients. One way of improving compliance may be for patients to see the same general practitioner using a personal list system. Further studies are needed for patients taking long-term treatment, especially hypotensive drugs. PMID- 6788130 TI - Effect of radiocontrast media on kidneys of patients with renal disease. AB - A prospective study was undertaken of 15 patients with impaired renal function undergoing x-ray procedures entailing the use of contrast material to see whether any deterioration in renal function resulted. Patients with diabetes or myelomatosis were excluded. Detailed observations were made during three days before and after the x-ray procedure to detect any change in factors such as fluid state, drug treatment, infection, or diet which might have affected renal function. No significant changes occurred in endogenous creatinine and 51Cr-EDTA clearances, or in plasma creatinine and urea concentrations after the x-ray procedures. Furthermore, there was no change in urinary activity of N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase, which is a highly sensitive indicator of renal parenchymal damage. Provided that fluid depletion and multiple x-ray procedures with radiocontrast material in rapid sequence are avoided, these procedures do not appear to affect renal function adversely, even when renal disease is advanced. PMID- 6788131 TI - Controlled trial of physiotherapy and occupational therapy for Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6788132 TI - Raised serum haemolytic complement activity in glomerulonephritis: a bad prognostic sign. PMID- 6788133 TI - Lecithin treatment in Friedreich's ataxia. PMID- 6788135 TI - Audit at work. The future. PMID- 6788134 TI - Predictive value of paired plasma and serum viscosity in early rheumatic conditions. PMID- 6788136 TI - Principles of managing sexual problems. PMID- 6788137 TI - Medical records. IV: Medical records in a large practice. PMID- 6788138 TI - ABC of blood pressure management. Detecting hypertensive patients. PMID- 6788139 TI - Overseas doctors: future training and employment. PMID- 6788140 TI - Postmarketing surveillance of adverse drug reactions in general practice. II: Prescription-event monitoring at the University of Southampton. AB - An independent, non-regulatory drug surveillance research unit has been established at the University of Southampton. Its first task will be to set up a prescription-event monitoring scheme in general practice to enable the pattern of adverse events, as distinct from suspected adverse reactions associated with new drugs to be compared with that of older medicines. Prescriptions for selected drugs will identify patients and a simple questionnaire, designed to be completed in under five minutes, will be used to obtain the required information. Medical opinions about causation need not be given, and the scheme will not interfere with normal prescribing practice. PMID- 6788142 TI - How far down the duodenum? PMID- 6788141 TI - Nuclear weapons proliferation, medicine's supreme challenge. PMID- 6788143 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged. Bereavement. PMID- 6788144 TI - The psychiatrically violent patient. PMID- 6788145 TI - Breast cancer: a case for conservation. PMID- 6788146 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease and the intrauterine device. PMID- 6788147 TI - Congenital rubella affecting an infant whose mother had rubella antibodies before conception. PMID- 6788148 TI - Unilateral outward-turning leg in infancy. PMID- 6788150 TI - Toxoplasmosis. PMID- 6788149 TI - Left hand, right hand. PMID- 6788151 TI - Treatment for partial tears of the lateral ligament of the ankle. PMID- 6788152 TI - Levodopa: long-term impact on Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6788153 TI - Chest pain and cardiac arrest. PMID- 6788154 TI - Tetracycline and benign intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6788155 TI - ABC of blood pressure reduction. PMID- 6788156 TI - Evidence for a circulating sodium transport inhibitor in essential hypertension. PMID- 6788157 TI - Infection in hospitals. PMID- 6788158 TI - New evidence linking salt and hypertension. PMID- 6788159 TI - Monteggia fractures. PMID- 6788160 TI - Evaluation of laboratory tests. PMID- 6788162 TI - Overseas doctors: a step forward into chaos? PMID- 6788161 TI - Bath-time itch. PMID- 6788163 TI - Lipid storage myopathy: successful treatment with propranolol. AB - Lipid storage myopathies are a rare but serious cause of muscle weakness characterised by the accumulation of abnormal amounts of neutral fat in type 1 fibres. A case is reported in which the patient presented with weakness of the proximal limb muscles and greatly increased activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. After two years lipid myopathy was diagnosed when electron microscopy confirmed the presence of large numbers of lipid particles within muscle fibres. Twelve years after the initial presentation propranolol (40 mg thrice daily) was started. Strength gradually improved and enzyme activities returned to normal. The improvement in the patient's condition was almost certainly due to the propranolol, although the mode of action of the drug remains unknown. PMID- 6788165 TI - A protein in urine associated with muscle disease and muscle damage. AB - Analysis of the protein composition of human urine by high-resolution two dimensional electrophoresis showed that several features are associated with neuromuscular diseases, the best defined being the appearance in the urine of a small amount of a protein that migrates on the electropherogram as a characteristic spot (spot C). This spot consists of a protein of apparent molecular weight 26 000 and isoelectric point 5.3. The spot was usually present in the urine of patients suffering from diseases in which the musculature was directly affected but was rarely found in other patients and normal subjects. The protein responsible for spot C appears to be an index of muscle damage caused by a number of conditions. Attempts are being made to isolate enough of the protein to permit its identification. PMID- 6788164 TI - Vitamin A toxicity and hypercalcaemia in chronic renal failure. AB - Serum vitamin A concentrations were measured in 38 patients undergoing haemodialysis, 24 of whom were taking multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A. Vitamin A concentrations were significantly higher in patients undergoing haemodialysis than in 28 normal controls (p less than 0.001). Patients taking vitamin A supplements had significantly higher vitamin A concentrations than those not taking them (p less than 0.05), and hypercalcaemic patients had higher concentrations than normocalcaemic patients (p less than 0.005). Withdrawal of vitamin A supplements in seven patients caused significant falls in serum vitamin A concentrations and plasma calcium concentrations (p less than 0.01 at two and three months in both cases) and in plasma alkaline phosphatase concentrations (p less than 0.01 at two months). Vitamin A toxicity can contribute to hypercalcaemia in patients undergoing haemodialysis, probably by an osteolytic effect. Multivitamin preparations containing vitamin A should therefore be prescribed with caution in these patients. PMID- 6788166 TI - Haemolytic anaemia after cisplatin treatment. AB - Normochromic or normocytic anaemia is a common side effect of treatment with cisplatin. Two patients treated with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 in combination with vinblastine, bleomycin, and actinomycin D developed haemolytic anaemia. Neither patient had evidence of haemolysis before treatment, and in both cases severe haemolytic anaemia developed after several courses of cisplatin and when the cancer had regressed almost completely. The importance of haemolysis in the development of anaemia after cisplatin treatment has not been investigated fully and further studies are needed. PMID- 6788167 TI - Controlled trial of biofeedback-aided behavioural methods in reducing mild hypertension. AB - Employees of a large industry were screened for the presence of coronary risk factors. A total of 204 employees, aged 35-64 years, with two or more such factors (serum cholesterol concentration greater than or equal to 6.3 mmol/l (243.6 mg/100 ml), blood pressure greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg, and current cigarette consumption greater than or equal to 10 cigarettes a day) were randomly allocated to a biofeedback group receiving training in relaxation and management of stress or a control group. Both groups received simple health education literature. After eight weeks of training, and again eight months later, the biofeedback group showed a significantly greater fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressures than the control group (p less than 0.001). Plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration were measured in a subsample at entry to the study and again at eight weeks and eight months; both showed a greater reduction in the biofeedback compared with the control group at eight weeks' follow-up. The greater reduction in blood pressure in the subjects in the biofeedback group compared with the control group (11.0 mm Hg systolic and 8.8 mm Hg diastolic), persisting eight months after the training, suggests that relaxation-based behavioural methods might be offered as a first-time treatment to patients with mild hypertension. PMID- 6788168 TI - Aquagenic pruritus. AB - Three patients were studied in whom brief contact of the skin with water at any temperature evoked intense itching without visible changes in the skin. The patients were otherwise apparently healthy, and this chronic and disabling disorder tended to attract a "psychogenic" label. Pharmacological studies showed that the condition was associated with local release of acetyl choline in the skin, mast-cell degranulation, and raised blood histamine concentrations. It responded well to antihistamines in two of the three patients. Aquagenic pruritus is probably common, but it is generally unrecognised and may be misdiagnosed. Antihistamines may induce a good therapeutic response. PMID- 6788169 TI - Accuracy of measurements of crown-rump length and biparietal diameter made by inexperienced operators using a real-time scanner. PMID- 6788170 TI - Anaphylactic reaction to low-molecular-weight porcine factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 6788172 TI - Carotid stenosis due to clamp injury. PMID- 6788171 TI - Prostaglandins in gel for mid-trimester abortion: a method to minimise nursing involvement. PMID- 6788173 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain and lactose intolerance in childhood. PMID- 6788174 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis: a psychiatric assessment. PMID- 6788175 TI - Emergencies in the home. Eye emergencies. PMID- 6788176 TI - Interesting GPs of the past. AJ Gordon Hunter. Lord High Everything Else of Dumfries. PMID- 6788177 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Liverpool. PMID- 6788178 TI - Law and the general practitioner. Legal aspects of violence in the family. PMID- 6788179 TI - Autoimmune haemolysis: an 18-year study of 865 cases referred to a regional transfusion centre. AB - Clinical and serological records of 865 patients with confirmed autoimmune haemolysis (AIH)--a much larger series than any previously reported--were critically reviewed nd analysed. A proposed new classification for AIH based on serological findings differs from traditional classifications in that a new category of "mixed" AIH has been defined in which both "warm" and "cold" autoantibodies are present, and both are capable of causing haemolysis. Patients in this mixed group tend to have severe disease that may run a chronic intermittent course. The presentation of cold agglutinin disease is much more variable than has been seen in previous studies, haemolysis due to low titre autoantibodies being common. The AIH associated with pregnancy, usually considered as being of bad prognosis, is often mild and self limiting in the absence of other associated disorders. PMID- 6788180 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and food: a case study. AB - Clinical and laboratory studies in a patient whose rheumatoid arthritis appeared to be exacerbated by dairy produce showed that challenge with milk and cheese resulted in a produced increase in synovitis and changes in immune complexes, IgE antibodies, and heat-damaged red cell clearance rates. Exclusion of dairy products from the diet produced a considerable improvement in her previously aggressive disease. PMID- 6788181 TI - The slow miracle. PMID- 6788182 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Vomiting and acute diarrhoea. PMID- 6788183 TI - Jaundice due to hepatitis A virus. PMID- 6788184 TI - Spinal fracture and paraplegia after minimal trauma in a patient with ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis. PMID- 6788185 TI - Assessing clinical trials--simple randomisation. PMID- 6788186 TI - Living with one eye. PMID- 6788187 TI - Pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6788188 TI - Secondary prevention in survivors of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6788189 TI - Comparison of simple screening tests for fat malabsorption. PMID- 6788190 TI - Health effects of cadmium. PMID- 6788191 TI - Pollution and people: need for selective monitoring. PMID- 6788192 TI - Cirrhosis in the North Western Region. PMID- 6788193 TI - Arteritis of the arms. PMID- 6788194 TI - Rectal examination and acid phosphatase. PMID- 6788195 TI - Successful plasmapheresis in the Miller-Fisher syndrome. PMID- 6788196 TI - Trial of folate treatment to prevent recurrence of neural tube defects. PMID- 6788197 TI - Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid. PMID- 6788198 TI - Smoking in pregnancy. PMID- 6788199 TI - Tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6788200 TI - Multisystem disorder after exposure to paint stripper (Nitromors) PMID- 6788201 TI - Glucose turnover and metabolic and hormonal changes in ethanol-induced hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6788202 TI - ABC of blood pressure management. PMID- 6788203 TI - Heat stroke and community runs. PMID- 6788204 TI - Leptospirosis in man, British Isles, 1979-80. PMID- 6788205 TI - Breast cancer and the pill--a muted reassurance. PMID- 6788206 TI - Non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6788207 TI - Pulmonary problems of the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 6788208 TI - Hazards of biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6788209 TI - Metastases in the liver. PMID- 6788210 TI - Hodgkin's disease and viruses. PMID- 6788211 TI - Evidence for defect of complement-mediated phagocytosis by monocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis. AB - In-vitro measurements of the rate of monocyte phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast preopsonised in human AB serum from 14 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 14 normal controls showed a significant reduction in five patients with active vasculitis but no change in nine with active arthritis alone. Further studies of complement- and Fc-mediated monocyte phagocytosis in which the rate constants (Kc and KFc respectively) were determined using complement-coated Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans opsonised with IgG in monocytes from nine patients with rheumatoid vasculitis and 12 controls showed a significant reduction in Kc (p less than 0.01) but normal KFc. Kc was normal in three patients with inactive vasculitis. Low Kc was correlated with low serum C3 concentrations but not with Clq binding or anticomplementary activity, and no evidence of intracytoplasmic or membrane-bound immune complexes was detected in monocytes from patients with active vasculitis. These results show that cutaneous vasculitis in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with selective impairment of complement-mediated monocyte phagocytosis, which does not appear to result from receptor blockade by immune complexes. PMID- 6788212 TI - Hypercoagulation in glomerulonephritis. AB - The clotting values of 50 patients with glomerulonephritis were examined. Three different coagulation groups were recognised: those with normal clotting values (group 1); those with high concentrations of factor VIII but otherwise normal clotting results (group 2); and patients who showed the presence of an activator of the intrinsic coagulation pathway, indicated by the presence of a short activated partial thromboplastin time or the ability of patients' plasma to shorten control clotting time in mixing studies (group 3). Patients in group 2 either had a uniform rise in all three components of the factor VIII molecule or a disproportionately higher concentration of factor-VIII-related antigen. In contrast, the level of VIII clotting activity in patients in group 3 was always higher than concentrations of either VIIIAg or VIIIWF. A significantly high incidence of thrombotic complications was observed in patients with group 3 but in none of the patients in either group 1 or group 2. Impaired renal function was more common in patients in groups 2 and 3, with higher mean serum creatinine concentrations in those with group 3. Patients with glomerulonephritis who have a short partial thromboplastin time with kaolin or who shorten control clotting time form a subgroup in whom hypercoagulation could adversely affect the course of their disease. The value of antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment in these patients needs to be explored. PMID- 6788213 TI - Atopy does not predispose to RSV bronchiolitis or postbronchiolitic wheezing. AB - Twenty-six 8-year-old children who had had respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy and their paired controls underwent skin and blood tests to assess the role of immunodeficiency and atopy in the pathogenesis of RSV bronchiolitis and the wheezing that may follow it. There was no difference between patients and controls in prevalence of atopy; positive results of prick tests to common antigens; eosinophil counts; yeast opsonisation defect; C2 deficiency; IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE concentrations; or IgE antibody to dermatophagoides, timothy-grass pollen, and cat fur. Those of the children who had had RSV bronchiolitis and who continued to wheeze had a slightly higher mean eosinophil count and levels of IgE antibody to dermatophagoides than those who did not wheeze. Exercise-induced bronchial lability, though higher in patients than controls, did not correlate significantly with eosinophil counts or IgE concentrations. The genetic factors predisposing to RSV bronchiolitis and postbronchiolitic wheezing may differ from those predisposing to atopic asthma, though exclusive breast feeding may protect against both. PMID- 6788214 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: findings in Royal College of General Practitioners' study. AB - The incidence of breast cancer was studied among women taking part in the continuing cohort study organised by the Royal College of General Practitioners. An overall relative risk of 1.19 (not significant) was found in those who had used oral contraceptives. The risk ratio in women under 35 years old was 2.81, but this too was not significant. There was evidence that the estimated increased risk for younger women could be a chance occurrence. No convincing evidence of any adverse effects of oral contraceptives on breast cancer has been shown, but because of the long latent period of this tumour there is a need for longer observation. PMID- 6788215 TI - Breast cancer and oral contraceptives: findings in Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study. AB - Among the 17 032 women taking part in the Oxford-Family Planning Association contraceptive study, 72 were first diagnosed as having breast cancer between the date they were admitted to the study and 1 September 1980. The relative risk of developing the disease in women who had used oral contraceptives in comparison with those who had never used them was estimated to be 0.96 (95% confidence limits 0.59 to 1.63). Among women aged under 35 years, the corresponding relative risk (based on only 14 women with breast cancer) was estimated to be 0.61. No relation was apparent between the risk of developing breast cancer and duration of oral-contraceptive use or interval since first oral-contraceptive use in any age group. The data in this study are thus reassuring; but observations based on women with long-term use of oral contraceptives, especially those starting to use the preparations at an early age, are few. PMID- 6788216 TI - Management of patients after mastectomy. PMID- 6788217 TI - Red cell indices and iron stores in patients undergoing haemodialysis. PMID- 6788218 TI - Gastric ulcer: is endoscopy always necessary? PMID- 6788219 TI - Hyperoxaluria and recurrent stone formation apparently cured by short courses of pyridoxine. PMID- 6788220 TI - Eosinophilia in patients undergoing dialysis. PMID- 6788222 TI - Law and the general practitioner. Writing medicolegal reports. PMID- 6788221 TI - Emergencies in the home. Head, neck, and back injuries. PMID- 6788223 TI - Birchfield Medical Centre Patients' Association. PMID- 6788224 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Govan, Glasgow. PMID- 6788225 TI - General practitioner in the factory. PMID- 6788226 TI - Assessing clinical trials--restricted randomisation. PMID- 6788227 TI - Present use of five-day wards. AB - A survey of five-day wards serving medical and surgical specialties indicated that 30 such units were operating in England in 1979. Six mixed surgical specialty, eight mixed specialty (medicine and surgery), four medical investigation, and 12 single specialty wards had opened since 1969. There was a varied, and often low, use of these wards. Nurse-staffing levels and allocation of operating theatre time also varied considerably. In busy wards nurse-staffing levels were high and access to operating theatre time reasonable. Medical investigation wards showed some of the highest levels of occupancy and throughput. The potential savings and service improvements that can result from five-day wards have yet to be realised on a wide scale. PMID- 6788228 TI - Chronic diarrhoea. PMID- 6788229 TI - Dealing with the disadvantaged. Illiteracy. PMID- 6788230 TI - Trial of folate treatment to prevent recurrence of neural tube defect. PMID- 6788231 TI - How dangerous are falls in old people at home? PMID- 6788232 TI - Renal function in patients over 40 with homozygous sickle-cell disease. PMID- 6788233 TI - Postoperative radiotherapy in breast cancer. PMID- 6788235 TI - Prognosis in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 6788234 TI - Meningococcal chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 6788237 TI - Strategy of prevention: lessons from cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6788236 TI - Effects of treatment of mild and moderate hypertension. PMID- 6788238 TI - Bladder cancer. PMID- 6788239 TI - Plasmapheresis in the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in children. PMID- 6788240 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 6788241 TI - Interrelations of calcium-regulating hormones during normal pregnancy. AB - Profound changes in calcium metabolism occur during pregnancy. The mother has to make available extra calcium for fetal requirements while ensuring that her plasma and bone calcium concentrations are satisfactorily maintained. In a cross sectional study plasma concentrations of the major calcium-regulating hormones- namely, calcitonin, parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-(OH)2D)--were measured to establish their interrelations during normal pregnancy. The major changes observed were increases in the circulating concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D and calcitonin. Concentrations of parathyroid hormone and 25-OHD remained within the normal range. The increased concentrations of 1,25-(OH)2D enable the increased physiological need for calcium to be met by enhancing intestinal absorption of this element. The simultaneous rise in calcitonin opposes the bone-resorbing activities of 1,25-(OH)2D, thereby protecting the integrity of the maternal skeleton. Maternal calcium homeostasis is thus maintained yet the requirements of the fetus are fulfilled. PMID- 6788243 TI - Hemiballismus treated with sodium valproate. PMID- 6788242 TI - Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development. AB - In a nationally representative cohort of 5362 children born in one week in March 1946 weights and heights were recorded at 6, 7, 11, 14, 20, and 26 years. Overweight was defined as a weight that exceeded the standard weight for height, age, and sex by more than 20% (relative weight greater than 120%). The prevalence of overweight was 1.7% and 2.9% in boys and girls respectively at 6 years; 2.0% and 3.8% at 7 years; 6.4% and 9.6% at 11 years; 6.5% and 9.6% at 14 years; 5.4% and 6.5% at 20 years; and 12.3% and 11.2% at 26 years. The risk of being overweight in adulthood was related to the degree of overweight in childhood and was about four in 10 for overweight 7-year-olds. Analysis of the data in the reverse direction showed that 7% and 13% respectively of 26-year-old overweight men and women had been overweight at the age of 7. These results suggest that there is no optimal age during childhood for the prediction of overweight in adult life and that excessive weight gain may begin at any time. Overweight children are more likely to remain overweight than their contemporaries of normal weight are to become overweight. PMID- 6788244 TI - Nocturnal wheezing in children: management with controlled-release aminophylline. PMID- 6788245 TI - Fatal poisoning with methyl isothiocyanate. PMID- 6788246 TI - Hyperglycaemic effect of nifedipine. PMID- 6788247 TI - Less listening, more discussion. PMID- 6788248 TI - Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita. PMID- 6788249 TI - Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion: comparative sensitivity of mycobacterial culture and histopathology. PMID- 6788250 TI - Practice research. The course organiser. PMID- 6788251 TI - Law and the General Practitioner. Drunken driving. PMID- 6788252 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Rotherham. PMID- 6788253 TI - Emergencies in the home. Managing overdoses. PMID- 6788254 TI - Sexually transmitted diseases in a defined population of women. AB - A study was conducted to identify and estimate the proportion of patients suffering from gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, and candidosis, both with and without symptoms, seeking care or failing to seek care at all. Samples women in a defined population were studied in antenatal, gynaecology, family planning, and sexually transmitted diseases clinics and in general practice. The incidence rates varied according to the conditions and to whether cases not proved microbiologically were included or excluded. The incidence rate may be less important than the prevalence rate since the former takes into account patients who have sought care whereas the latter is largely contributed by asymptomatic women who do not consult. The highest prevalence rates, in different agencies, were found for candidosis followed by trichomoniasis, with very low or zero rates for gonorrhoea. In view of these results general practitioners could treat women with genital symptoms empirically so long as accurate sexual histories are taken and follow-up were guaranteed. There is no place for wide-scale screening for gonorrhoea, but limited screening for trichomoniasis in antenatal, gynaecology, and hospital family planning clinics should be encouraged. PMID- 6788255 TI - Outcome of non-traumatic coma. PMID- 6788256 TI - A change to 100-unit insulin dosage will reduce errors. PMID- 6788257 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Respiratory tract infection. PMID- 6788258 TI - Occupational health should not accept tobacco industry sponsorship. PMID- 6788260 TI - Problems of short stature. I--Adults. PMID- 6788259 TI - Assessing clinical trials--between-observer variation. PMID- 6788261 TI - Problems of short stature. II--Children. PMID- 6788262 TI - The paper chase. PMID- 6788263 TI - Sodium, potassium, and rate constants for sodium efflux in leucocytes from hypertensive Jamaicans. AB - Leucocyte sodium and potassium content and concentrations were measured along with ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive rate constants for sodium efflux in 14 controls and 20 black patients with essential hypertension. Leucocyte sodium content was significantly increased in the patients (mean 101.1 +/- 7.8 mmol/kg dry solids v 74.5 +/- 7.6 mmol/kg dry solids; p less than 0.05), whereas the rate constants for sodium efflux were not significantly reduced. There was no difference between the two groups in cell potassium values. The increase in leucocyte sodium content in the presence of normal rate constants for sodium efflux suggests an increase in membrane permeability to sodium, which might be important in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 6788264 TI - The air rifle: a dangerous weapon. PMID- 6788266 TI - Emergency treatment of high blood pressure with oral atenolol. PMID- 6788265 TI - New evidence linking salt and hypertension. PMID- 6788267 TI - Dangers of amiodarone and anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6788268 TI - Pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6788270 TI - Antacids for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6788271 TI - Reducing risks from intravenous cannulae. PMID- 6788269 TI - Brain death in three neurosurgical units. PMID- 6788272 TI - Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes--WHO criteria. PMID- 6788273 TI - Ethnic factors in disease. PMID- 6788274 TI - Management of alcohol withdrawal symptoms. PMID- 6788275 TI - Effect of naftidrofuryl on the metabolic response to surgery. AB - In a randomised study of 34 patients undergoing elective operations of moderate severity naftidrofuryl infusion significantly improved postoperative nitrogen balance. The control group excreted 26.2 +/- 2.7 g nitrogen in the first three postoperative days. A group treated with naftidrofuryl excreted 18.0 +/- 1.6 g nitrogen in the same period (p less than 0.0005). The preoperative nutritional state of patients treated with naftidrofuryl did not differ from that of the controls. Though hormonal changes causing an improvement in nitrogen balance could not be excluded by this study, the results show that naftidrofuryl infusion may stimulate postoperative catabolism of endogenous carbohydrate and fat, thus sparing tissue protein. PMID- 6788276 TI - Parity and breast cancer. AB - Data from the 1961 and 1971 Censuses in England and Wales were used to estimate the age distribution of women of various parities in 1976. Applying the age specific incidences of breast cancer for women in England and Wales in 1975 gave the expected number of cases of that disease in 1976 and permitted an estimate of the mean age at diagnosis of breast cancer at each parity. This showed that the highest average age for breast cancer occurred in nulliparous women (65.9 years) and that the lowest age for the disease occurred in women who had borne two children (60.4 years). The figures obtained were similar to those reported in a separate study of women treated in Birmingham. The results of that study, however, may have been due to the age distribution in the population of women by parity, rather than any direct influence of parity on the speed of growth of breast cancer. PMID- 6788277 TI - Audit in renal failure; the wrong target? PMID- 6788278 TI - Haematology in developing countries. PMID- 6788279 TI - Neurosyphilis again. PMID- 6788280 TI - Pharmacists as doctors. PMID- 6788281 TI - Deep venous thrombosis of the arm: a study of coagulation and fibrinolysis. AB - Sixty consecutive patients with phlebographically verified deep venous thrombosis of the upper arm were studied for disorders of coagulation and fibrinolysis. No appreciable increase in abnormalities of the factor VIII complex, antithrombin III, or inhibitors of activators of fibrinolysis were found. A decreased fibrinolytic defence mechanism, evident either as a deficient release capacity of fibrinolytic activators from the vein during stasis or as decreased fibrinolytic activity in the vein wall as determined histochemically, was found in 26 out of 53 patients studied (49%). It is concluded that deep venous thrombosis of the upper arm is a multifactorial disease. An impaired fibrinolytic defence mechanism is one of the factors that may be of pathogenetic importance. PMID- 6788282 TI - Aluminium sucrose biscuit fillings to control hyperphosphataemia in patients undergoing dialysis. AB - Aluminium hydroxide is used to prevent hyperphosphataemia in patients undergoing dialysis, but many standard preparations are unpalatable. In this study hydrated aluminium sucrose was suspended in synthetic cream and used as a biscuit filling. Six patients undergoing dialysis took part in five five-week study periods comparing different forms of treatment. No significant difference was found between serum phosphate concentrations measured during standard treatment and those measured during treatment with aluminium sucrose biscuits. There was no significant difference in serum phosphate concentrations when the patients were given placebo biscuits and when they received no treatment. Aluminium sucrose presented in this form was an adequate phosphate binder and was acceptable to the patients. PMID- 6788283 TI - Early fetal growth delay detected by ultrasound marks increased risk of congenital malformation in diabetic pregnancy. AB - Ninety-nine insulin-dependent diabetic women with regular menstrual histories were examined by ultrasonic scanning in the seventh to 14th weeks of pregnancy. As judged by the crown-rump length 38 fetuses were smaller than normal. The term early growth delay is suggested for this phenomenon. Nine fetuses had major congenital malformations, and seven of them were smaller than normal in early pregnancy (p less than 0.02). The risk of fetal malformation in diabetic pregnancy increases with the severity of the diabetes. Early fetal growth delay is apparently another risk marker, in this series indicating a risk of 18% (7/38). The combination of severe maternal diabetes (White's classes D and F) and early growth delay yielded a risk of major congenital malformation of 27% (6/22). These observations suggest a common mechanism behind early growth delay and induction of abnormal embryogenesis (and maybe even fetal death). The mechanism is unknown but probably influenced by the quality of regulation of diabetes. PMID- 6788284 TI - Child-resistant containers: are we kidding ourselves? AB - A 20-month-old child was accidentally poisoned after biting through the bottom of a medicine container and ingesting the tablets inside. Consequently a study was carried out to determine the force required to fracture 20 randomly selected 25 and 32 ml polystyrene containers to see whether this exceeded the bite force of a child's jaw. Tests were performed at displacement rates of 0.5 and 10 cm/min. All the containers failed at well below the bite force recorded for children, which is 392 N. All containers must conform to a British Standards test that requires that they withstand a force of only 35 N. Clearly this is not enough to safeguard small children. The use of polystyrene containers should be scrutinised closely, as the case of accidental poisoning reported may not be unique. PMID- 6788285 TI - Chloramphenicol-resistant Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in an adult. PMID- 6788286 TI - Vitamin D deficiency and deafness. PMID- 6788287 TI - Valproic acid in Sydenham's chorea. PMID- 6788288 TI - Vibrio alginolyticus peritonitis associated with ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6788289 TI - Respiratory and bulbar paralysis with relapsing hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6788290 TI - Pronounced cerebellar features in legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6788291 TI - Pruritus of polycythaemia vera: a place for pizotifen? PMID- 6788292 TI - Fatal bone-marrow suppression associated with captopril. PMID- 6788294 TI - Managing paediatric emergencies. PMID- 6788293 TI - Effect of sulphonylurea on insulin secretion and glucose control in insulin treated diabetics. PMID- 6788295 TI - Deaths from chronic renal failure under the age of 50. Medical Services Study Group of the Royal College of Physicians. AB - From a survey of the West Midlands and Mersey Regions and the Grampian Health Board, we found that in 1978 and 1979 some 122 patients with chronic renal failure died in hospital under the age of 50. Of these, 69 had been given dialysis or transplantation, or both, while for many reasons the remainder had been considered unsuitable. While the criteria varied, the reasons given for non acceptance of cases seemed sound, and in no instance during this particular period was a patient denied dialysis because of a shortage of machines. We think that the public should be aware of these findings and not led to think that if only enough dialysis machines were available death from renal failure would be a rarity. PMID- 6788296 TI - Donation of kidneys. Medical Services Study Group of the Royal College of Physicians. AB - A survey of deaths from medical causes among hospital inpatients aged under 50 years in three health regions provided details of 1168 such deaths not caused by renal failure. Kidneys for transplantation were obtained from only 20 of these patients. In another 18 cases permission was refused or donation was impracticable. Ninety-eight of the deaths were due to subarachnoid haemorrhage and 38 to primary cerebral tumour, yet kidneys were obtained from only 11 and one of these patients respectively. Patients dying from subarachnoid haemorrhage are particularly suitable for donating their kidneys, but there is still a shortage of kidneys for transplantation because they are not harvested efficiently. Doctors seem to be reluctant to ask relatives' permission to remove kidneys, and the arrangement of a donation is time consuming. Because transplant surgery is recognised as a specialist sphere, surgeons in other specialties may be reluctant to remove kidneys and come to rely on one transplant team covering a wide area. In an area such as Grampian, where a small population is served by one hospital containing all the major units, including accident and emergency and renal departments, it may be easier to arrange prompt donation and transplantation. PMID- 6788297 TI - Isoniazid-induced pellagra. PMID- 6788298 TI - Effectiveness of out-of-hours biochemistry investigations. AB - A survey was carried out of doctors who used their out-of-hours biochemistry service to find out why requests for investigations were made, how often the results altered patient management, and whether they could define areas where investigations were unproductive. Of 107 questionnaires distributed, 147 (88%) were completed. In 86% the requests were for diagnosis or immediate patient management and in 35% the results actually altered management. Senior clinical staff were more efficient than their juniors in instigating biochemical investigations that proved to be effective. In no instance where the clinical staff predicted that it was unlikely that the results would alter management was management altered. It is suggested that joint reviews of case notes by junior and senior clinical staff would prove to be the most appropriate way to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of clinical investigation. PMID- 6788299 TI - Telling the right patient. PMID- 6788300 TI - Problems of haematology training in developing countries. PMID- 6788301 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Stridor. PMID- 6788302 TI - Assessing clinical trials--record sheets. PMID- 6788304 TI - Hazards of biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6788305 TI - Geographical variations in the supply of domiciliary oxygen. PMID- 6788303 TI - Compliance with drug treatment. PMID- 6788306 TI - Influence of cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of propranolol. PMID- 6788307 TI - Sodium, potassium, and sodium efflux in leucocytes from hypertensive Jamaicans. PMID- 6788308 TI - Pindolol in orthostatic hypotension. PMID- 6788309 TI - Dapsone-induced optic atrophy and motor neuropathy. PMID- 6788310 TI - The air rifle: a dangerous weapon. PMID- 6788311 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis after treatment with metronidazole. PMID- 6788312 TI - Forecasting hospital bed needs. PMID- 6788313 TI - Sunscreens, photocarcinogenesis, melanogenesis, and psoralens. PMID- 6788314 TI - Drug-resistant tuberculosis. PMID- 6788316 TI - Why treat cirrhosis? PMID- 6788315 TI - Children and parasuicide. PMID- 6788317 TI - Light-chain nephropathy in patient with renal carcinoma. AB - Paraneoplastic syndromes are often associated with renal parenchymal tumours. This report describes a case of renal-cell carcinoma with kappa-chain nephropathy. The patient, a 60-year-old man, had renal tubular dysfunction, shown by low serum concentrations of urate and phosphate. Kappa-chains were found in both serum and urine, but no lambda-chains were found. Investigations showed a clear-cell carcinoma, and the patient underwent a radical nephrectomy. Two years after operation serum phosphate and urate concentrations had returned to normal, and kappa-chains were undetectable in serum or urine. The absence of lambda chains indicates that the light-chain proteinuria was due to overproduction of the M component, and the disappearance of kappa-chains after the operation suggests a causal relation between the renal tumour and the overproduction of the M component. PMID- 6788318 TI - Oxytocin enhances onset of lactation among mothers delivering prematurely. AB - In a double-blind group sequential trial the efficiency of an oxytocin nasal spray in enhancing lactation was studied during the first five days after delivery in women who had given birth prematurely. The cumulative volume of breast milk obtained between the second and fifth days after delivery was 3.5 times greater in primiparas given oxytocin than in primiparas given placebo. There was no significant difference in the composition of the milk between the untreated women and those given oxytocin. The results of this study show that oxytocin nasal spray is an effective and safe means of enhancing lactation in women using a breast pump. PMID- 6788320 TI - Addiction to tranylcypromine. PMID- 6788319 TI - Drug treatment of breathlessness: contrasting effects of diazepam and promethazine in pink puffers. AB - Fifteen out of 18 "pink and puffing" patients completed a double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial of diazepam and promethazine for breathlessness and reduced exercise tolerance. Dosages were 25 mg and 125 mg daily, respectively, and each course lasted two weeks. Patients with psychiatric or other major medical histories were excluded. Of the three patients who did not complete the trial, one died during an exacerbation of breathlessness while taking diazepam, one was withdrawn because of mild hypercapnia while taking placebo, and one suffered intolerable drowsiness while taking diazepam. Of the remaining 15 patients, six needed a reduction in dosage because of drowsiness: one of these was taking promethazine and five diazepam. Diazepam had no effect on breathlessness and noticeably reduced exercise tolerance. Promethazine reduced breathlessness and improved exercise tolerance without altering lung function. From these results diazepam is contraindicated for breathlessness and reduced exercise tolerance in fixed airways obstruction, but promethazine may be beneficial. PMID- 6788321 TI - Damage to the tricuspid valve with a Swann-Ganz catheter. PMID- 6788322 TI - Ventricular fibrillation as a complication of salt-water immersion. PMID- 6788323 TI - Effect of nifedipine on bronchomotor tone and histamine reactivity in asthma. PMID- 6788325 TI - Toxic confusional state and choreiform movements after treatment with anabolic steroids. PMID- 6788324 TI - Insulin injection sites in diabetes--a neglected area? PMID- 6788326 TI - Effect of prostaglandins I2 and E1 on red cell deformability in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6788328 TI - General practitioner at sea. PMID- 6788327 TI - Emergencies in the home. The acute abdomen. PMID- 6788329 TI - Diagnosis and management of 528 abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Between 1960 and 1979 528 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms presented to the university department of surgery. Of these, 222 (42%) were elective cases, 72 acute (14%), 174 had ruptured (33%), and four had had a spontaneous aortoduodenal fistula (1%). In all these patients resections were undertaken, but in another 56 patients (11%) the aneurysm was not resected. A review of these cases showed that 91% had symptoms at their first presentation; abdominal pain and backache being most common. The diagnosis could be established in 91% by the presence of pulsatile abdominal mass on clinical examination. The operative mortality for elective resection was 8%, for acute 19%, for ruptured cases 42%, and for spontaneous aortoduodenal fistula 50%. After successful resection the overall five-year survival was 65% by the life table method, and there was no significant difference between elective, acute, and ruptured cases. This five-year survival after resection compares favourably with the expected 76% survival of a similar normal population, and was considerably better than that for conservatively treated patients. As most cases have symptoms, and diagnosis may be established easily by routine physical examination in 91%, the prognosis for this condition could be considerably improved by increased awareness of its existence and early referral for treatment as an elective surgical procedure. PMID- 6788330 TI - Brain death in Britain as reflected in renal donors. AB - The diagnostic mix of 1228 brain-dead renal donors in Britain was similar to that of 479 cases of brain death recently reported from three neurosurgical units. About half the donors came from non-teaching hospitals without a neurosurgical unit, many of them small and distant from the centre. The different circumstances that preceded brain deaths were examined--namely, diagnosis and whether the fatal ictus of brain damage occurred when the patient was already in hospital--to explain why donors spend varying times on the ventilator. Head injuries accounted for half the donors, and intracranial haemorrhage for almost a third. While many potential donors are not made available, the size of the pool has been overestimated, particularly in regard to head injury. Reduction in organ donation since "Panorama" has been very uneven, with some places increasing their yield; this suggests reluctance of doctors to initiate donation rather than relatives withholding permission. PMID- 6788331 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Urinary tract infection. PMID- 6788332 TI - Approach to the management of children with malignant disease in one district general hospital. PMID- 6788333 TI - Communicating with non-English-speaking patients. PMID- 6788334 TI - Assessing, clinical trials-- protocol and monitoring. PMID- 6788335 TI - Dental health in patients susceptible to infective endocarditis. PMID- 6788336 TI - Management of scientific services and the changing face of the laboratory. PMID- 6788337 TI - Reactions to low-molecular-weight porcine factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 6788338 TI - Evaluation of a single-day tubeless test of pancreatic function. PMID- 6788339 TI - Pertussis immunisation. PMID- 6788340 TI - Timolol after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6788342 TI - Damages and supervening illness. PMID- 6788341 TI - Pulmonary problems of the immunocompromised patient. PMID- 6788343 TI - Serological and bacteriological study of bovine brucellae from Livestock Investigation and Breeding Centres in Nigeria. PMID- 6788344 TI - Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide euthanasia of cats: duration and animal behaviour. PMID- 6788345 TI - Organization of projections from the gracile, medial cuneate and lateral nuclei in the North American opossum. Horseradish peroxidase study of the cells projecting to the cerebellum, thalamus and spinal cord. AB - Using the horseradish peroxidase technique on the North American opossum, we were able to locate the neurons within the dorsal column and lateral cuneate nuclei which innervate the cerebellum and thalamus as well as those within the dorsal column nuclei which project spinalward. The medial and lateral cuneate nuclei supply axons to the anterior lobe, the paramedian lobule and the pyramis of the cerebellum and the lateral nucleus provides an additional projection to the uvula. The cerebellar projections from these nuclei arise from neurons located rostral to the obex. The thalamic projections from the gracile and medial cuneate nuclei originate from neurons throughout their rostral to caudal extent, although most of them are located just rostral to the obex. Neurons within the lateral cuneate nucleus which innervate the thalamus are found at intermediate rostrocaudal levels where most of them approximate the medial cuneate nucleus. The medial cuneate also projects to at least lumbar levels of the spinal cord in the opossum and neurons giving rise to such connections are found at the level of the obex and caudal to it. Neurons within the dorsal part of the dorsal column nuclei were labelled only after thalamic injections. Our results in the opossum are compared with those obtained in several placental mammals. PMID- 6788346 TI - Effects of undernutrition on development of far-field auditory brain stem responses in rat pups. AB - Timed-pregnancy Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on special diets on day 15 of their pregnancy. One group received a normal, 24% protein diet, and the second a deficient, 8% protein diet. After birth the litters within each group were cross fostered, thinned to 8 pups each, and maintained on their respective diets. Beginning with postnatal day 16 the ABR (auditory brain stem response) was repeatedly recorded from the pups until day 43. Undernourished rat pup body weights were less than one-third of those of the well-nourished litters at the conclusion of testing. ABRs taken from the undernourished group were significantly delayed in early development compared with the controls, but the differences decreased with age despite continuation of a deficient diet. A second experiment was run to rule out body temperature differences between the two groups and showed that the ABR effect was not solely due to this variable. These results indicate that undernourishment is one of the factors that can affect the rate of maturation of the ABR. PMID- 6788347 TI - Formation and degradation of deamido-TRH (pyroglutamyl-histidyl-proline) in rat brain after intraventricular injection of TRH. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injected into the lateral ventricle of the rat's brain was rapidly metabolized to deamido-TRH (DA-TRH). Brain levels of TRH decreased with a half-life of 7 min, while the DA-TRH formed from its disappeared with a half-life of 2.5 min. To prevent the post-mortem degradation of DA-TRH it was necessary to sacrifice rats by directing focused microwave irradiation towards the brain. The short half-lives determined for TRH and DA-TRH in vivo were much shorter than those obtained using in vitro techniques. The in vivo formation and accumulation of DA-TRH was inhibited by bacitracin and unaffected by probenicid. PMID- 6788348 TI - Similarity of neurofilament proteins from different parts of the rabbit nervous system. AB - In the nervous system, the various populations of neurons perform a large spectrum of functions. Although neurofilaments are a major constituent of the different neurons, the neurofilament protein composition and the expression of the genes specifying these proteins may not be the same throughout the entire nervous system. To investigate these two aspects of the biology of neurofilaments, we have prepared neurofilament-rich fractions from different regions of the nervous system of strains of rabbits known to present a genetically determined polymorphism involving one of the neurofilament polypeptides (P200). Filaments were isolated from brain, spinal cord, sciatic, optic and trigeminal nerves, and lumbar ventral and dorsal roots by a procedure not involving axonal flotation and yielding material suitable for comparative analysis within a single animal. The filaments were compared for their variability as a function of the region from which they were prepared. For any given animal, the neurofilament peptides migrate to identical positions on SDS gel electropherograms. Whatever allele of P200 is expressed in filaments from one region, the same allele is also expressed in all of the other filament preparations from that animal. On two-dimensional analysis isomorphs of the P68 neurofilament protein are not present in the same amounts in different regions of the nervous system. These results indicate that, although it seems that the gene for the P200 neurofilament protein is expressed uniformly throughout the nervous system, there may be some topographic specificity in the distribution of the other constituent proteins of neurofilaments. PMID- 6788349 TI - The relative numbers of oligodendroglia in different brain regions of normal and postnatally undernourished rats. AB - The relative numbers of oligodendroglia were compared in representative brain regions of 21 day old undernourished and control rats. As a result of postnatal undernutrition which produced half normal body weights and a 10-15 percent reduction in brain weight, the relative numbers of oligodendroglia were slightly increased in photomicrographs of corticospinal tract (a motor tract), medial lemniscus (a sensory tract), red nucleus (a motor nucleus) and somatosensory cortex. Relative numbers were reduced in the corpus callosum, and the thickness of the corpus callosum was significantly reduced. Cell sizes of oligodendroglia were essentially normal throughout the brain, although some reductions of 5 to 6 percent were observed. Areas of brain structures in cross section were essentially unchanged. We have previously hypothesized that nutritionally induced brain hypomyelination results from a reduction in the specific numbers of oligodendroglia and consequently a lasting reduction in the brain myelin concentration. The present results are inconsistent with this hypothesis, as both the density of oligodendroglia and sizes of brain regions are essentially normal. We know from prior work using the same model of nutritional deprivation that myelin synthesis is greatly reduced. Consequently an important depressant effect of undernourishment on oligodendroglia in the developing brain involves either the communication between axons and oligodendroglia leading to myelin induction or the synthetic capacity to make myelin. PMID- 6788350 TI - Changes in [3H]lysine incorporation into protein in a seizure focus in rat isocortex. AB - A focus of epileptiform discharge was induced in rat isocortex by subpial injection of 5 microliters of 100 mM FeCl3. Control animals were prepared with saline injections. Protein synthesis was estimated by uptake of [3H]lysine and its incorporation into protein at the site of iron injection, in the contralateral homotopic isocortex, and in the midline cerebellum. We found diminished uptake of [3H]lysine into all regions of rat brain in the interictal or nonseizing iron-injected animals, whereas the corrected rate of incorporation of [3H]lysine into protein was not significantly different from control rates. Actively seizing animals showed no inhibition of uptake of [3H]lysine, but [3H]lysine incorporation into protein relative to the uptake was significantly inhibited within the epileptic focus but not in the other areas examined. This decreased incorporation of amino acids into protein parallels that found in animals convulsing after electroshock or pentylenetetrazol injection. PMID- 6788351 TI - Effects of central administration of alanine on body temperature of the rabbit: comparisons with the effects of serine, glycine and taurine. AB - Alanine, an amino acid that shares neural inhibitory effects with serine, glycine and taurine, like these three amino acids also lowers body temperature when given centrally. In the present experiments the effects of alanine on central temperature controls were examined in more detail to determine the relations between its central action and those of the other amino acids. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) injections of alanine (0.5--2.0 micrograms) caused small decreases in body temperature in a 23 degrees C environment, and greater decreases in a 10 degrees C environment. The 2.0 microgram dose had no effect at high temperature (30 degrees C). These results indicate that alanine shares the hypothermogenic activity of the other inhibitory amino acids. In common with these amino acids, alanine (2.0 microgram) also reduced LP fever and PGE2 hyperthermia. The hypothermogenic effect of alanine in 10 degrees C environment was additive with that of glycine but slightly subadditive with that of serine and of taurine. In previous experiments serine was additive with taurine and subadditive with glycine in lowering body temperature in the cold. The combined results indicate that alanine has an influence on central temperature controls that is comparable to those of glycine and taurine. Alanine, glycine, serine and taurine appear to act on similar receptors in the central thermoregulatory pathway, with serine and taurine possibly acting at additional receptor sites as well. PMID- 6788352 TI - A simple vaporizer improvised from a carbon dioxide absorber canister. AB - An empty British Oxygen Company (B.O.C.) Mk. 4 carbon dioxide absorption cannister was modified for use as a vaporizer by placing a layer of flannelette bandage over the horizontal perforated septum and adding a base plate with an exit port for anaesthetic vapour. Aliquots of liquid anaesthetic were injected from a syringe through the top of the cannister and vaporised by air drawn through the cannister. Laboratory testing showed that this could be a useful way of administering inhalational anaesthesia in the absence of compressed gas supply. PMID- 6788353 TI - Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). V. On the mechanism of action of urease on urea, formamide, acetamide, N-methylurea, and related compounds. AB - Acetamide and N-methylurea have been shown for the first time to be substrates for jack bean urease. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, formamide, acetamide, and N-methylurea at pH 7.0 and 38 degrees C, kcat has the values 5870, 85, 0.55, and 0.075 s-1, respectively. The urease-catalyzed hydrolysis of all these substrates involves the active-site nickel ion(s). Enzymatic hydrolysis of the following compounds could not be detected: phenyl formate, p-nitroformanilide, trifluoroacetamide, p-nitrophenyl carbamate, thiourea, and O-methylisouronium ion. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of urea, the pH dependence of kcat between pH 3.4 and 7.8 indicates that at least two prototropic forms are active. Enzymatic hydrolysis of urea in the presence of methanol gave no detectable methyl carbamate. A mechanism of action for urease is proposed which involves initially an O-bonded complex between urea and an active-site Ni2+ ion and subsequently an O-bonded carbamato-enzyme intermediate. PMID- 6788354 TI - The base exchange enzymes and phospholipase D of mammalian tissue. AB - The base exchange enzymes and phospholipase D represent a group of enzymes which alter the polar portion of phospholipids. The base exchange enzymes provide a mechanism of interconverting different species of phospholipids whereas phospholipase D hydrolyzes these phospholipids to phosphatidic acid. Although the occurrence of these activities is widespread, this article is restricted to a description of the mammalian enzymes. Originally it was believed that these catalytic activities resided in a single enzyme. As a result of successes in partial purifications and separations it is clear that separate enzymes exist for the exchange of serine, for the exchange of choline, and for the exchange of ethanolamine resulting in their appearance in the corresponding phospholipid. These enzyme activities are not a reflection of phospholipase D action. Conversely, a partially purified phospholipase D from rat brain was devoid of detectable base exchange activity. However, this enzyme preparation possessed transphosphatidylation activity producing phosphatidylglycerol from glycerol and lecithin. These enzymes are presumed to be functionally significant for cellular homeostasis; however, strong evidence supporting this contention is unavailable. The base exchange enzymes appear to be concentrated in the "microsomal" fraction of tissues. The choline base exchange enzyme is located on the cytoplasmic surface while the serine and ethanolamine base exchange enzymes are located on the luminal surface of the endoplasmic reticulum of rat brain tissue. The lipid environments in which the individual enzymes reside are also distinctly different suggesting that their in situ domains within the microsomal membrane are dissimilar. Therefore it appears that the enzymes are distinctly separate catalytic entities. They also are in topographically different locations on the microsomal membrane and reside in different lipid environments as well. These observations would imply functionally distinct roles for the separate enzymes. Evidence is available which suggests that their existence might be demonstrable in vivo. PMID- 6788355 TI - Cellulolytic activity of the rumen bacterium Bacteroides succinogenes. AB - Bacteroides succinogenes S-85 grows readily in media containing 0.2% (w/v) filter paper cellulose or microcrystalline cellulose as the carbohydrate source. During growth, the cells appear to adhere to the cellulose. Cell-free culture supernates and cell extracts from cellulose-grown cultures had very low hydrolytic activity against either filter paper or crystalline cellulose (Avicel) as substrate, although H3PO4-swollen cellulose, carboxmethylcellulose, and cellobiose were readily hydrolyzed. Cells grown on either cellobiose or glucose exhibited cell bound carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) and cellobiase activities. Cultures grown on cellulose had seven to eight times more CMCase activity than either cellobiose or glucose-grown cultures. Seventy percent of the CMCase activity was present in the supernate, of which 50--60% was associated with sedimentable membranous fragments. the cellobiase, which was largely cell associated, appeared to be constitutive, and the only product detected on enzymic hydrolysis of cellobiose was glucose. The cellobiase activity was strongly inhibited by 0.02 M tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris), pH 7.1, but this was partially relieved by phosphate ions. These data indicate that B. succinogenes S-85 contains high endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucosidase-like activities. PMID- 6788356 TI - Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid. AB - A 70-year-old woman presented with signs of hypothyroidism and struma, which were produced by a massive polyclonal plasma cell infiltration, thereby fulfilling the established histologic criteria of plasma cell granuloma. PMID- 6788357 TI - DNA replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis in lungs of mice exposed to cigarette smoke. AB - Mice of the hybrid strain BC3F1/Cum (C57BL/Cum X C3H/AnfCum) were chronically exposed to measured amounts of machine-generated whole Kentucky reference 2A1 cigarette smoke. DNA replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) were measured in lung tissue in vitro using a short-term organ culture method. Within one week of beginning smoke exposure, DNA replicative activity, as indicated by incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into total lung DNA, was increased more than two fold over sham-exposed controls and remained elevated as long as smoke exposure was continued. Treatment of lung tissues in vitro with either the lung carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide or methylmethane sulfonate stimulated UDS, measured as incorporation of [3H]thymidine into lung DNA in the presence of hydroxyurea, presumably as the result of DNA repair activity. Until the 10th to 12th week of smoke exposure, at which time the accumulated deposition of total particulate material in the lung was approximately 40 mg, the level of UDS stimulated by the alkylating chemicals declined to approximately 50% of that seen in lung tissue from sham-exposed control mice. If the mice were removed from smoke exposure, DNA replicative activity returned to normal levels within one week, but the UDS response to DNA damage remained depressed up to five months after ending smoke exposure. The results show that both transient and apparently permanent changes are produced in mouse lung as the result of exposure to cigarette smoke. The role of these changes in lung neoplasia is under investigation. PMID- 6788358 TI - Release of glycosyltransferase and glycosidase activities from normal and transformed cell lines. AB - The release of galactosyltransferase, sialyltransferase, and several glycosidase activities into the growth media from several normal and transformed cell lines was examined. Six of the seven cell lines released galactosyltransferase into their culture media. Only the human leukemia CCRF-CEM cells failed to release demonstrable galactosyltransferase activity. Release of galactosyltransferase activity into the media closely paralleled the growth curves for all but the BHKpy cells. These cells continued to release peak levels of galactosyltransferase activity into the culture media after their growth had plateaued. Media galactosyltransferase activity was unaffected by Triton X-100 treatment had remained in the supernatant fraction of a 100,000 X g, 12-hr centrifugation, suggesting that the cells release galactosyltransferase in a soluble form. In contrast to galactosyltransferase activity, only one of the cell lines (L1210) released sialyltransferase activity in appreciable amounts. Even this level of activity was 20-fold less than that observed for galactosyltransferase in the media from L1210 cells. Of the nine glycosidase activities assayed, only N-acetylglucosaminidase was observed in significant amounts in the media from all but the CCRF-CEM cells. However, N acetylglucosaminidase release did not correlate closely with cell growth. These findings suggest a relatively specific release of galactosyltransferase and N acetylglucosaminidase activities by cells in tissue culture. Moreover, the release of galactosyltransferase closely parallels cell growth. The significance of these released enzymes, especially to cell growth, has yet to be determined. PMID- 6788359 TI - In vitro cytotoxicity expressed by cells active against established tumors in vivo. AB - Although antitumor activity by host cells has been documented in vivo and in vitro, the cellular relationships between these two classes of studies are not clear. Cells capable of causing the regression of solid tumors are generated in lymph nodes draining sites of immunization with Corynebacterium parvum:irradiated P815 mastocytoma admixtures. These cells are active in a 51Cr release assay at a low effector:target ratio producing a characteristic low level of specific 51Cr release which required 24 hr for optimal development. The activity is immunologically specific for the immunizing tumor and is mediated by nonadherent, rapidly dividing (vinblastine-sensitive) cells. They are absent in thymectomized animals and susceptible to alpha-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement. They are present in peritoneal exudates, consistent with the systemic resistance demonstrable in the animal model. The properties and development kinetics of effector cells measured by 51Cr release correlate closely with those of cells showing in vivo activity, supporting the identity of the two populations. PMID- 6788360 TI - Factors influencing the anticarcinogenic efficacy of selenium in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the effect of selenium supplementation on dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis in female Sprague-Dawley rats fed either a 5 or 25% corn oil diet, denoted as low fat (LF) or high fat (HF), respectively. Selenium supplementation of LF and HF diets were begun at 21 days of age. In Experiment 1, rats (50 days of age) were given 5 mg of dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene p.o. and were supplemented with 0.1 (adequate level), 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ppm of selenium (as sodium selenite) in the diet. The total number of tumors found were as follows (30 rats/group): 26, 23, 19, and 10, respectively, in the LF group; and 65, 66, 41, and 21, respectively, in the HF group. In experiment 2, rats (50 days of age) were given 10 mg of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and selenium was added to the diets at 0.1, 2,5, and 5.0 ppm. Tumor yields were found to be 71, 32, and 15, respectively, in the LF group and 135, 85, and 46, respectively, in the HF group. There was also a trend towards a longer latency period of tumor appearance with selenium supplementation. In conclusion, high dietary selenium levels are able to protect against mammary tumorigenesis, but rats on a HF diet still develop more tumors than those on a LF diet at comparable selenium supplementation. PMID- 6788361 TI - Carcinoma-related alterations of glycosyltransferases in human tissues. AB - The glycosyltransferases responsible for catalyzing additions of A, B, and H sugars to cellular acceptors were studied in 23 cases of primary carcinoma. The carcinomas were derived from mouth, tongue, larynx, lung, cervix, esophagus, stomach, and colon. Comparisons of A, B, and H enzymes were made between mucosal extracts from tumor and from normal adjacent tissue and, in the case of gastrointestinal tract, extracts derived from mucosae of individuals free of disease. The most prevalent finding was that of alpha-2-fucosyltransferase (H enzyme) deficiency in tumor extracts from Group A, B, and O patients in relation to the normal tissue counterpart (20 cases). Exceptions were observed in one case of carcinoma of the stomach and in two of seven cases of carcinoma of rectum or sigmoid. In four of nine Group A patients (carcinoma of the mouth, tongue, ascending and transverse colon), N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases (A enzymes) were demonstrated but were deficient in relation to the normal adjacent counterpart. A enzymes were not demonstrable in normal and tumor extracts from distal colon in five cases. Differences between tumor extracts and normal adjacent tissue were noted in D-galactosyltransferase (B enzyme) derived from carcinomas of larynx and esophagus, but B enzyme was not demonstrated in tumor or normal tissue derived from the sigmoid colon. Study of the normal distribution of H enzyme in gastrointestinal mucosa indicated the presence of relatively high enzyme levels in stomach and upper intestine but low levels in distal colon. PMID- 6788362 TI - Sensitization of 9L rat brain gliosarcoma cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea by alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor. AB - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, a known inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effect of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea, a cell cycle-nonspecific agent, in 9L rat brain gliosarcoma cells in vitro. Administered as a single agent, alpha-difluoromethylornithine was not cytotoxic to 9L cells and, compared to untreated control cells, caused no perturbation of cell cycle kinetics. alpha-Difluoromethylornithine-induced depletion of intracellular polyamine levels appears to have caused the observed sensitization of 9L cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Restoration of intracellular polyamine levels by the addition of exogenous putrescine to treated 9L cells reversed this phenomenon. PMID- 6788363 TI - Induction of resistance to ascites tumor in mice with MFS-180 cells treated with glutaraldehyde, lipopolysaccharide, and concanavalin A. AB - Immunization with MFS-180 vaccine prepared in the presence of glutaraldehyde (0.05%), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 micrograms/ml), and concanavalin A (Con A) (200 micrograms/ml) could protect Swiss mice against a subsequent challenge by 1 X 10(6) MFS-180 cells. The sequence of attachment of LPS and Con A to glutaraldehyde-treated cells as found to determine the efficacy of the vaccine. LPS coupled with glutaraldehyde-treated cells before Con A could effect 100% survival, while LPS attached after Con A treatment to glutaraldehyde-treated cells showed only 60% survival. The protection was specific for syngeneic cells. PMID- 6788365 TI - Inhibition of carcinogen-induced neoplasia by sodium cyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate administered subsequent to carcinogen exposure. AB - The effects of sodium cyanate, tert-butyl isocyanate, and benzyl isothiocyanate on carcinogen-induced neoplasia were studied in experiments in which the test compound was fed starting 1 week following completion of carcinogen administrations. Under these conditions, all three test compounds exerted an inhibitory effect on the occurrence of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced neoplasia of the breast of Sprague-Dawley rats. In a second experiment model, sodium cyanate inhibited the occurrence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced neoplasia of the large bowel of female CF-1 mice. Thus, a new group of compounds has been identified which has inhibitory capacities against neoplasia when given subsequent to carcinogen exposure. PMID- 6788364 TI - Elevation of glycoprotein galactosyltransferase activity in human lung cancer related to histological types. AB - Uridine diphosphogalactose:glycoprotein galactosyltransferases were examined in human lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The galactosyltransferase activities in tissue homogenates from both carcinomas were higher than in adjacent normal control with asialoagalactofetuin as a substrate. This activity in adenocarcinoma (27 cases) was two times higher than that in squamous cell carcinoma (19 cases) with statistical significance (p less than 0.001). Using Triton-solubilized enzymes from a particulate fraction, similar differences in the activity were observed with ovalbumin, asialoagalactofetuin, and its beta eliminated derivative as acceptors but not with bovine submaxillary mucin. These observations mean that the higher activity of galactosyltransferase(s) in lung carcinomas (especially in adenocarcinoma) is mainly responsible for galactosylation of carbohydrate chains in N-glycoside-type but not O-glycoside type glycoproteins. PMID- 6788366 TI - Effect of 5''-methylthioadenosine and its analogs on murine lymphoid cell proliferation. AB - The effect of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) on the growth of culture murine lymphoid cells was examined. MTA inhibited the growth of murine lymphoid cell lines of both B- and T-cell origin in a reversible, nontoxic, and dose dependent fashion. When measured 2 days after the addition of MTA to the cells, the concentration that inhibited proliferation by 50% for MTA was about 250 muM. Cells incubated in the presence of 0.5 mM MTA for 1, 2, or 3 days were able to recover from the inhibitory effect of the nucleoside and resumed growth. Six structural analogs of MTA were also found to inhibit cell growth. Five of these analogs served as alternative substrates for MTA phosphorylase, while one, the 7 deaza analog (5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin), was not a substrate for the phosphorylase but was a potent inhibitor of enzyme activity. Inhibition of growth by 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin was dose dependent (the concentration that inhibited proliferation by 50% approximately or equal to 10 muM) and at 50 muM was reversible and nontoxic. PMID- 6788367 TI - Immunochemical visualization of binding of the chemical carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide 1 to the genome. AB - antisera against DNA modified with r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BPDE-1) was elicited in rabbits. Such sera reached with either single- or double-stranded modified DNA but not with unmodified DNA, free benzo(a)pyrene, or proteins modified by BPDE-1. Indirect immunofluorescence studies indicated that the immunoglobulin G in the sera bound specifically to the nuclei of KD cells which were treated with BPDE-1. The intensity of fluorescence was proportional to the dose of BPDE-1 used to treat the cells. About 50% of the BPDE-1-DNA adducts remained bound to DNA 24 hr after the removal of the carcinogen. The location of BPDE-1-modified bases in Col E1 DNA was visualized by immunoelectron microscopy. PMID- 6788369 TI - Enhanced cytostatic effectiveness of aniline mustard against 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors during regression in response to ovariectomy. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats bearing 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors were treated with either of two aromatic alkylating agents, aniline mustard or melphalan, alone or combined with ovariectomy. Both drugs were applied once a week for 8 weeks. Eight-four percent of the tumors responded to ovariectomy, 38% regressing completely and 46% regressing partially. Aniline mustard, though virtually ineffective as a single agent, appeared synergistic with ovariectomy: a 100% regression rate (72% complete, 28% partial) was observed for this combination. Treatment with melphalan was as effective as ovariectomy, but the combination of melphalan with ovariectomy was no more effective than either treatment alone. The end product of aniline mustard metabolism, p hydroxyaniline mustard O-glucuronide, may be more extensively activated by beta glucuronidase in hormonally regressing than in growing or stationary tumors. Intratumoral levels of beta-glucoronidase occurring in DMBA-induced tumors 4 days after ovariectomy were found to be similar to those in the aniline mustard sensitive mouse plasma cell tumor ADJ/PC6. It remains to be more extensively studied whether an effect of endocrine treatment on tumor beta-glucuronidase levels, and possibly on intracellular distribution of enzyme, could be used therapeutically. An effectively scheduled cytostatic treatment (with a drug conjugate such as that formed metabolically from aniline mustard) in conjunction with ovariectomy might be effective in the treatment of hormone-responsive breast cancer. PMID- 6788368 TI - Apparent differential response of nuclear envelope cytochrome P-450 following phenobarbital induction arising from a preferential loss during gradient purification. AB - We have investigated the response of rat liver nuclear, nuclear envelope, and microsomal cytochrome P-450 (or P-448) to various treatments. Responses of these subcellular fractions to 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment were generally similar. In endoplasmic reticulum preparations, we observed an increase in cytochrome P-450 content following phenobarbital pretreatment, which was reduced by subsequent thioacetamide treatment. Nuclear envelope cytochrome P-450 was apparently not modulated by these treatments, although nuclear cytochrome P-450 content was increased by phenobarbital. When endoplasmic reticulum preparations were subjected to treatments paralleling those used in nuclear envelope purification, we found a preferential loss of cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital pretreated preparations, with a loss of camphor-binding ability. The data point to potential problems with use of isolated nuclear envelopes as a representative model for nuclear metabolism of carcinogens, including low total recoveries and enrichments, and the potential for selective or differential recovery of cytochrome P-450 populations following various modes of induction or reduction. PMID- 6788371 TI - Double alkylator therapy (thiotepa plus chlorambucil) for previously treated advanced ovarian cancer. PMID- 6788370 TI - Pharmacokinetics of hexamethylmelamine and pentamethylmelamine in mice. AB - Plasma pharmacokinetics of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) and pentamethylmelamine (PMM) were investigated after ip administration of doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg to M5076/73A ovarian tumor-bearing C57BL/6J female mice. The half-life of HMM was 44.5-49 mins; the half-life of PMM was 7.6-8.7 mins. The area under the concentration-versus-time curve (AUC) was also much higher for HMM than for PMM. The AUC for the metabolite N2,N2,N4,N6-tetramethylmelamine (TMM) was seven to ten times higher than that of the parent compounds. After incubation with mouse liver microsomes and cofactors, the rates of metabolism of HMM and PMM were essentially the same. Plasma protein binding was 94%, 71%, and 50% for HMM, PMM, and TMM, respectively. PMID- 6788372 TI - Phase II study of cyclophosphamide and hexamethylmelamine in non-oat cell bronchogenic carcinoma. PMID- 6788373 TI - Leptomeningeal lymphoma: perspectives on management. PMID- 6788374 TI - Electron-dense precipitates in glomus cells of rat carotid body after fixation in glutaraldehyde and pyroantimonate-osmium tetroxide mixture as possible indicators of calcium localization. AB - An attempt was made to study the subcellular localization of calcium in carotid body glomus cells of adult rats using fixation with glutaraldehyde followed by treatment with a mixture of pyroantimonate and osmium tetroxide. Precipitates were seen as electron-dense particles (EDP) in the glomus cells, mostly within membrane-bound organelles, such as dense-cored vesicles, mitochondria, small clear vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and especially in lysosomes. However, EDP were also seen in the nuclei and in the free cytoplasm of the glomus cells and even outside them. Preincubation of carotid bodies in media containing calcium and either high potassium or calcium-ionophore A 23187 resulted in a marked increase in the general precipitation pattern, there being an increased amount of EDP both in the glomus cell nuclei and in the cytoplasm. Dense-cored vesicles more often showed precipitates than those in the controls. Some dense-cored vesicles contained multiple precipitates, typically located in the electron lucent area between core and vesicle membrane. Extensive diffusion of ions probably occurred during fixation before precipitation, making the localization of calcium and other precipitating cations unreliable. However, it is possible that precipitates, which were regularly seen in the dense-cored vesicles, may reflect the content of bound calcium. The possible significance of calcium in glomus cell function is discussed, and the need for more adequate methods is emphasized. PMID- 6788375 TI - Structure and function of ciliated peritoneal funnels in the toad kidney (Bufo marinus). AB - Scanning electron microscopy revealed 600-800 ciliated peritoneal funnels opening onto the ventral surface of each kidney in Bufo marinus. The size and configuration of funnel apertures vary greatly, but individuals course beneath the kidney surface before opening into peritubular blood vessels. Injections of India ink into the peritoneal cavity demonstrate that cilia lining the peritoneal funnels create a current carrying peritoneal fluid into the renal vasculature. Clearance of fluid by the funnels was dependent on pressure in the peritubular vessels, and was increased by arginine vasotocin. Ciliated peritoneal funnels may provide an important route for return of lymphatic fluid from the peritoneal cavity to the vasculature. PMID- 6788376 TI - Heavy chain variable region contribution to the NPb family of antibodies: somatic mutation evident in a gamma 2a variable region. AB - To examine germ line genes of the heavy chain variable region (VH) that might contribute to formation of antibodies of the NPb family, we have derived cDNA clones from two hybridomas making NPb antibodies. One, B1-8, made an IgM protein and was derived during a primary response; the other, S43, made an IgG2a protein and was derived during a hyperimmune response. Sequence comparison of the two clones showed that they differed by only 10 bp in the VH region, had very different D segments and had identical J segments (J2). A set of closely related germ line VH genes was then cloned from a partial Eco RI library of C57Bl/6 DNA. By comparing the germ line VH regions to the cDNA VH regions, we identified seven potential candidates for encoding the VH regions of NPb antibodies. The seven VH regions were sequenced, and one V(186-2) contained exactly the DNA sequence found in the clone derived from B1-8. None of the DNA sequence differences that distinguished the S43-derived clone from the B1-8 clone was found in any of the other six germ line genes. Because the S43 sequence was more closely related to the V(186-2) germ line sequence than to any of the other VH genes, we conclude that the differences between the genes resulted from somatic mutation and that the two hybridomas derived their VH regions from the same germ line gene. Certain of the sequenced VH genes contain crippling mutations; the repertoire of germ line VH genes that can contribute to the diversity of antibodies may therefore be less than the total number of genes detectable by hydridization. PMID- 6788377 TI - Protein localization in E. coli: is there a common step in the secretion of periplasmic and outer-membrane proteins? AB - An E. coli strain carrying a fusion of the MalE and lacZ genes is induced for the synthesis of a hybrid protein, consisting of the N-terminal part of the maltose binding protein and the enzymatically active C-terminal part of beta galactosidase, by addition of maltose to cells. The secretion of the protein is initiated by the signal peptide attached to the N terminus of the maltose-binding protein sequence, but is not completed, presumably because the beta-galactosidase moiety of the hybrid protein interferes with the passage of the polypeptide through the cytoplasmic membrane. Thus the protein becomes stuck to the cytoplasmic membrane. Under such conditions, periplasmic proteins, including maltose-binding protein (encoded by the malE gene) and alkaline phosphatase, and the major outer-membrane proteins, including OmpF, OmpA and probably lipoprotein, are synthesized as precursor forms with unprocessed signal sequences. This effect is observed within 15 min after high levels of induction are achieved. The simplest explanation for these results and those of pulse-chase experiments is that specific sites in the cytoplasmic membrane become progressively occupied by the hybrid protein, resulting in an inhibition of normal localization and processing of periplasmic and outer-membrane proteins. These results suggest that most of the periplasmic and outer-membrane proteins share a common step in localization before the polypeptide becomes accessible to the processing enzyme. If this interpretation is correct, we can estimate that an E. coli cell has roughly 2 x 10(4) such sites in the cytoplasmic membrane. A system is described for detecting the precursor of any exported protein. PMID- 6788378 TI - Monoclonal antibody with specificity for monocytes and neurons. AB - We have characterized a monoclonal antibody, called UC45, that reacts with both monocytes and neurons. It was derived from a fusion of the NS-1 plasmacytoma cell line with spleen cells from a mouse immunized with human acute monoblastic leukemia cells. The antibody reacts weakly with viable monocytes in suspension but has specificity for fibrous projections, which are found on monocytes that have adhered to substrate. Other hemopoietically derived cells such as granulocytes and lymphocytes, and many tissue-culture lines, do not react with UC45 by cell-surface immunofluorescence. Similarly, UC45 reacts with the processes of both viable CNS and PNS neurons in tissue culture but with no other neural-tissue-derived cells. The monoclonal antibody has interspecies reactivity, in that it reacts with human, rat and mouse monocytes and neurons. The monocytes and neuronal antigen is present predominantly on a protein of 45 kd. Attempts to identify this protein on monocytes with conventional heteroantisera directed against fibronectin, complement components, fibrinogen, collagen, tubulin and actin have failed. A monoclonal antibody has therefore allowed identification of an antigen, unexpectedly shared by monocytes and neurons. The fact that it is found on cell processes of both cell types suggests that it may be performing some similar function for these cells, whose other activities differ substantially. PMID- 6788379 TI - Epithelial cell components immunoreact with anti-serum thymic factor (FTS) antibodies: possible association with intermediate-sized filaments. PMID- 6788380 TI - Selective induction and inhibition of direct and lectin-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic reactivity. PMID- 6788382 TI - The association of rhodamine - labelled alpha-actinin with actin bundles in demembranated cells. AB - Rhodamine-labelled alpha-actinin was specifically bound to actin containing filament bundles of demembranated fibroblasts, and was particularly associated with their termini. Optimal binding of rhodamine-alpha-actinin occurred at pH 6.0 - 6.2 and could be abolished by the addition of unlabeled alpha-actinin or myosin subfragment 1. The spatial relationships between the decorating alpha-actinin and several actin associated proteins was determined by double fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 6788381 TI - B-cell suppression by anti-IgM antibody: humoral and cellular analyses. PMID- 6788383 TI - [Antigonadotropic effect of danazol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788385 TI - The preparation of mitomycin C, adriamycin and daunomycin covalently bound to antibodies as improved cancer chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6788384 TI - Effects of inducers of drug metabolism enzymes on triglyceride and phospholipid biosynthesis. PMID- 6788386 TI - [Cholecystoses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788387 TI - [Preliminary serological study of fungus cultivated by the manioc ant Acromyrmex octospinosus Reich in Guadeloupe]. AB - The serologic study of four strains of fungus cultivated by Acromyrmex octospinosus (Reich) in Guadeloupe has revealed four major antigens common to all four strains. Two additional weaker antigens were present in some but not all strains, which may indicate quantitative differences in viral particles in the hyphae of the fungi. The use of serological techniques should facilitate taxonomic study of the fungi (and possibly the virus or viruses which parasitize the fungi) cultivated by different species of Attine ants. PMID- 6788388 TI - ICRF-187 in clinical oncology. AB - Although the mechanism of action of ICRF-159 and 187 has not been clearly defined, it is evident from both preclinical and early clinical studies that these compounds are of interest. There are three distinct characteristics of these ICRF compounds that deserve careful clinical evaluation. First, these drugs are apparently alkylating agents with modest, predictable and noncumulative bone marrow toxicity that makes them good potential candidates for combination chemotherapy regimens. The second characteristic that should be investigated is the suggestion that combination of ICRF-187 with an anthracycline may ameliorate the cardiac toxicity of the latter. The third factor in the preclinical evaluation of the bis-diketopiperazines that may have clinical application is the evidence that suggests that these drugs have an antimetastatic effect. PMID- 6788390 TI - [Preparation of specific pituitary cells by centrifugal elutriation]. AB - The cells of the male rat pituitary were enzymatically dispersed with trypsin and then separated by centrifugal elutriation. The commercial equipment requires minor modifications, especially the infection system. Using a gradient of flow, enriched gonadotrop cells are obtained. The results compare favourably with those obtained by sedimentation at unit gravity. PMID- 6788389 TI - [Electrophoresis of the membrane proteins of erythrocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - The red blood cell membrane proteins of normal and spontaneous hypertensive Rats were studied by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of membrane proteins of hypertensive rats show three new bands of 58,000, 24,000 and 22,000 dalton. The existence of these new bands is not correlated with the age and the blood pressure values of the animals. PMID- 6788391 TI - [Localization, in the D region of the major histocompatibility complex, of the genes controlling the level of killer T-cell mediated antiviral response through the phenomenon of restriction by H-2 antigens]. AB - In two different murine systems it is shown that immune response genes, mapping to the D region of the major histocompatibility complex, control the level of the immune response mediated by cytolytic T lymphocytes and specific for the virus induced FMR antigens. The high responder phenotype is dominant. It is associated with the choice of certain H-2 antigens as restricting factors of the T lymphocyte activity, histocompatibility antigens behaving like Ir gene products. PMID- 6788392 TI - [Demonstration of the antifilarial activity of fosfomycin on the filaria Dipetalonema dessetae, Bain, in the rodent Proechimys oris, Thomas]. PMID- 6788393 TI - [Primary generation in vitro of T killer lymphocytes specific against viral tumors, in the presence of interleukine 2]. PMID- 6788394 TI - [Thermostable factor in Clostridium butyricum responsible for experimental pathogenesis]. PMID- 6788395 TI - [Mechanism of action of a triphenylethylene type antiestrogen on growth of the human breast cancer cell line. MCF-7 in culture]. AB - The antiestrogen of the triphenylethylene type, Taxomifen (Tx), exerts its inhibitory action on cell multiplication of the human breast cancer cell line MCF 7 in the complete absence of estrogens in the culture medium. These cells contain saturable, high affinity (KA = 7 x 10(8) LM(-1)) binding sites for Tx and specific for antiestrogens (12,000 sites/cell). The concentration of these sites is significantly decreased in Tx-resistant variants of this cell line (2,700 sites/cell). In contrast, the concentration of estrogen receptors is similar in this population of variants and in the wild population (43,000 and 48,000 sites/cell respectively). These data support the concept of a role of these antiestrogen binding sites in the molecular mechanism controlling the multiplication of these breast cancer cells. PMID- 6788396 TI - [Effects of chronic medullary stimulation on the total number of sites of acetylcholinesterase activity of the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle of chick embryo]. AB - From incubation day 10 to 15, the spinal cord of Chick embryos are electrically stimulated in ovo at 0.5 Hz at the level of the motor roots innervating the latissimus dorsi muscles. As a consequence, the total number of spots of acetylcholinesterase determined on serial sections of posterior latissimus dorsi muscle increased 2.3 fold. This increase parallels that of acetylcholine receptor clusters, supporting the interpretation that these clusters are of synaptic origin. PMID- 6788397 TI - Free fatty acid turnover and oxidation after burn shock in guinea pigs. AB - We have previously shown a rapid decrease in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and turnover rate immediately after extensive full-skin-thickness burn in a guinea pig model. In the present study the relationship between plasma FFA turnover rate and oxidation after burn was investigated, since the amount of plasma FFA oxidized is determined by the turnover rate and the percent of turnover that is oxidized. Using the constant infusion of 14C-palmitate, we examined the plasma FFA concentration and turnover rate, plasma FFA contribution to carbon dioxide production, percent of plasma FFA turnover that is rapidly oxidized to carbon dioxide, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and respiratory quotient. We found that in some cases, but not all, plasma FFA concentration and turnover rate were decreased 1-6 hours postburn. Both in the presence or absence of decreased FFA turnover rate, the percent of FFA turnover that was immediately oxidized to carbon dioxide was unchanged. After burn shock, the rate of oxidation of FFA appears to be controlled by the rate of FFA delivery to the tissues. PMID- 6788398 TI - Mechanism of action of nitroglycerin during exercise in a rat model of heart failure. Improvement of blood flow to the renal, splanchnic, and cutaneous beds. AB - The radioactive microsphere technique was used to trace regional blood flow and total cardiac output distribution in rats in heart failure secondary to biventricular volume overload during acute intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin. Data from rats with heart failure (chronic arteriovenous shunt) were compared to data obtained from rats subjected to sham surgical procedures. In both glycerin and normal saline (control). In heart failure, nitroglycerin slightly increased cardiac output at rest and during exercise, increased stroke volume, and reduced systemic vascular resistance at rest but not during exercise. In the heart failure group, exercise reduced flow to the renal, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous circulations but had little or no effect in the sham group. Nitroglycerin dramatically increased renal, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous blood flow during exercise in the heart failure group but had minimal effects on active hyperemia in the skeletal muscle bed. In the sham group, nitroglycerin decreased blood flow in the renal, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous beds and had no effect on skeletal muscle blood flow. Thus, in the renal, gastrointestinal, and cutaneous circulations during exercise, nitroglycerin increased flow in the heart failure group and decreased flow in the sham group to the extent that the respective values in the two groups were equal. PMID- 6788399 TI - Long-term management of sustained, recurrent, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia with amiodarone. AB - Twenty-three patients with sustained, recurrent, symptomatic ventricular tachycardia were treated with oral amiodarone. Initial doses were 600-2000 mg/day and maintenance doses were 200-1200 mg/day. Amiodarone was highly effective in 20 patients (87%), seven of whom had a follow-up of 30 months or longer, including two who were followed for 5 years. Three patients died within the first 45 days, three died suddenly after a follow-up of 33.5 months, and four had a nonarrhythmic death after a follow-up of 25 months. Fifteen patients (65%) had no recurrence during a follow-up of 21.5 months, while five (22%) had isolated recurrences during a follow-up of 32.2 months. The average maintenance dose was 713 mg/day in the 15 patients who did not have recurrences and 375 mg/day in the five patients who had recurrences (p less than 0.001). Both short- and long-term tolerance were excellent and there was not a single case in which treatment had to be discontinued. The main disadvantage of amiodarone was that it took an average of 9.5 days to reach anti-arrhythmic efficacy. The main advantages were prolonged duration of action (recurrences occurred only 15-60 days after the drug was discontinued or the dose lowered, virtual absence of contraindications, doses as high as 2000 mg/day were safe and patient compliance was excellent. PMID- 6788400 TI - Clinical pharmacology and antiarrhythmic efficacy of encainide in patients with chronic ventricular arrhythmias. AB - We determined the pharmacokinetics, efficacy and therapeutic plasma concentration of encainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug that affects His-Purkinje conduction but not ventricular refractoriness. Nine patients with frequent and complex premature ventricular complexes were studied in a 3-day double-blind protocol. Each day, each patient received 75 mg of i.v. or oral encainide or placebo. Frequent blood samples for encainide plasma concentration determination and continuous ambulatory ECGs were obtained. There was a marked intersubject variation in bioavailability (mean 42 +/- 24%, range 7.4-82%), clearance (13.2 +/- 5.6 ml/min/kg, range 3.75-22.1 ml/min/kg) and half-life (3.4 +/- 1.7 hours i.v., 2.5 +/- 0.8 hours oral). Eight of nine patients had more than 90% suppression of premature ventricular complexes for 3-36 hours. Minimal antiarrhythmic plasma concentration was higher (39 +/- 54 ng/ml, range 3.5-170 ng/ml) after i.v. dosing than after oral dosing (14 +/- 16 ng/ml, range 1.5-48 ng/ml), suggesting an active metabolite after oral dosing in many patients. Minimal side effects were seen despite high peak plasma concentrations (range 794-1556 ng/ml i.v., 36-495 ng/ml oral). The minimal ratio of toxic to therapeutic plasma concentration ranged from 4.3-326 (median 23) after oral dosing. Antiarrhythmic action was associated with an 11-44% widening of the QRS complex that was not associated with other adverse effects. We conclude that encainide effectively suppresses ventricular arrhythmias. Despite a variable bioavailability, high clearance and short half-life, its wide ratio of toxic to therapeutic concentration and probable active metabolite permit a long duration of action, which should allow a reasonable dose schedule in most patients during chronic oral dosing. PMID- 6788401 TI - Magnitude of dilatation of large and small coronary arteries of nitroglycerin. AB - Vasodilatory responses of segments of large epicardial left coronary artery (CA), small intramyocardial CAs (0.3-1.0 mm), coronary stenoses and CAs filled by collaterals were determined in 34 patients. Measurements were made before and after nitroglycerin (0.4 mg, sublingual) by means of quantitative magnification coronary angiography using photospot film and a calibrated 6-power viewing device. The left main CA, proximal, middle and distal anterior descending and circumflex segments, and small CAs showed dilatation that varied in magnitude. When magnitude of dilatation was compared with control diameter of the vessel and its location, control diameter proved to be the significant independent variable. CAs with the smallest control diameter showed the greatest magnitude of vasodilatation. CA branches filled by collaterals had vasodilatation similar in magnitude to that of CAs of comparable control diameter. Although coronary stenoses dilated, the magnitude of dilatation was less than that observed in nonstenosed arterial segments of similar control diameter. When areas of stenosis were excluded, however, results were similar regardless of whether the patient had CA disease. These data indicate that a principal determinant of the CA vasodilatory response to nitroglycerin is the size of the artery before nitroglycerin. PMID- 6788402 TI - Long-term hemodynamic assessment of the porcine heterograft in the mitral position. Late development of valvular stenosis. AB - We undertook a study of patients who had porcine mitral valves in place for more than 5 years and who had no clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of valve dysfunction. Of the first 54 patients who had porcine valves implanted in the mitral position, 18 were available for catheterization; all had a routine hemodynamic study postoperatively (mean 7 months) for comparison. Mean follow-up was 85 months (range 61-111 months). Compared with the early postoperative data, there was a significant increase in mean mitral valve gradient, from 5.9 +/- 0.7 to 8.6 +/- 0.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), and a significant decrease in calculated mitral valve area, from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 cm2 (p less than 0.01). Moreover, seven patients showed a decrease in valve area greater than 1.0 cm2, five with valves in place for more than 80 months and only two of 11 patients with valves in place for 80 months or less (p less than 0.05). We conclude that there is a significant incidence of hemodynamic deterioration of porcine heterografts in the mitral position for greater than 5 years, even in patients who are clinically stable. PMID- 6788403 TI - Atrial septal defect in patients ages 60 years or older: operative results and long-term postoperative follow-up. AB - Between 1955 and 1977, 66 patients ages 60 years or older underwent operative closure of secundum atrial septal defect. Of these, 56 (85%) were catheterized preoperatively. The 56 patients were divided into three groups to assess the effects of pulmonary hypertension on operative mortality, symptoms and longevity. The 17 group 1 patients had peak systolic pulmonary artery pressures (PAPs) of less than 40 mm Hg; the 21 group 2 patients had PAPs of 40-60 mm Hg; and the 18 group 3 patients had PAPs of more than 60 mm Hg. Among the three groups, there was no significant difference in Qp/Qs, right or left atrial pressures, right or left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and Qs, although pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in group 3 than in group 1. Four patients died, yielding an operative mortality of 6%. All four patients had undergone additional operative procedures. Operative mortality was unrelated to preoperative symptom class, PAP or pulmonary vascular resistance. Forty-seven patients were followed up for 2-20 years (mean 6.6 years), and of these, 41 (87%) improved by at least one functional class. Symptomatic benefit occurred in all groups, regardless of preoperative PAP, pulmonary vascular resistance or functional class. Actuarial survival curves showed that longevity at 5 and 10 years postoperatively was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) for patient with atrial septal defect treated surgically compared with that predicted for age matched patients treated medically. PMID- 6788405 TI - Surgical treatment of acute evolving anterior myocardial infarction. AB - A series of 101 consecutive patients underwent coronary revascularization within a mean of 5.8 hours after anterior myocardial infarction. Forty-one patients had obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD), 35 had obstruction of the LAD and of the right or circumflex coronary artery and 25 had obstruction of the LAD and both the right and circumflex coronary arteries. Sixty four patients (63%) had total occlusion of the LAD. In-hospital mortality was 2%. The total mortality during a mean follow-up of 43 months was 5%, and 90% of the patients were free of angina. Thirty-six patients had repeat coronary arteriography a mean of 13.4 months after operation. Fifty-two of 62 grafts (84%) were patent. Cardiac catheterization and immediate coronary artery bypass grafting in the first hours of anterior myocardial infarction can be done safely and may reduce in-hospital and long-term mortality. PMID- 6788404 TI - Therapeutic efficacy of intraaortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Analysis with concurrent "control" subjects. AB - During a 7-year period, intraaortic balloon pumping (IABP) was attempted in 319 cardiac surgical patients. The indications for IABP were stringent and consisted of unsuccessful discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (39%), anticipated failure (40%) to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass, postoperative low cardiac output, or intractable ventricular tachyarrhythmias (15%). IABP support was successfully instituted in 280 patients and was unsuccessful in 39 patients ("controls"). These two groups were comparable except for an older mean age and a higher ejection fraction in controls. Operative mortality rates were 45% and 62% for IABP and control groups, respectively (p = 0.077). This difference was most evident in coronary artery bypass patients, in whom the decision to institute IABP counterpulsation was made intraoperatively before attempted discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass. Two years postoperatively the actuarial survival rate was 45 +/- 3% for the IABP group and 23 +/- 9% for the control group (p = 0.006). After exclusion of operative deaths, however, these survival rates were 81 +/- 3% and 60 +/- 20%, respectively (p = NS). The average hospital charge incurred by IABP patients was threefold greater than that of uncomplicated cardiac surgical procedures. We conclude that IABP counterpulsation is therapeutic for some cardiac surgical patients, but its benefits cannot be defined easily. The long term survival rates for patients with advanced disease requiring IABP support perioperatively are poor and warrant continued development of more effective methods of mechanical circulatory assistance and heart replacement. PMID- 6788406 TI - Comparison of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo in the treatment of adult patients with mild extrinsic asthma. AB - Sixty-four patients with mild of moderate extrinsic asthma were treated with placebo for 1 month and thereafter with ketotifen (1 mg twice daily, orally), disodium cromoglycate (inhalation of 20 mg, four times daily), or placebo for 2 subsequent months. The trial was performed at four different centres and the treatments were compared using double-blind technique. We found no difference between the effect of ketotifen, disodium cromoglycate and placebo on the patients' daily measurements of evening peak expiratory flow, daily score values or respiratory symptoms of the number of salbutamol puffs required to control symptoms. There was no difference between the treatment groups with regard to the patients' estimates of changes in airway sensitivity to different non-specific stimuli: fumes, tobacco smoke, cold air, and exercise. The only significant effect of DSCG was a minor (4%) increase in the mean morning value for peak expiratory flow. The findings suggest that the addition of ketotifen or disodium cromoglycate to the regimen is unlikely to give further benefit in asthmatic patients, whose symptoms are reasonably well controlled by small doses of bronchodilating drugs. PMID- 6788407 TI - Inhibiting effect of atropine on prolactin blood levels after stimulation with TRH. AB - With this study, the Authors, have demonstrated that atropine has an inhibiting action on the hypophysis response and that such inhibition is correlated to the length of time between the i.m. injection of anticholinergic and the intravenous administration of TRH. Such results make believe that in human, as in the animal the cholinergic system plays a role, maybe important, in the prolactin release. PMID- 6788408 TI - Influence of age and sex on five human plasma lysosomal enzymes assayed by automated procedures. AB - Automated fluorimetric procedures for the assay of five lysosomal glycohydrolases beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase; beta-galactosidase; beta-glucuronidase; alpha mannosidase; alpha-fucosidase-in human plasma were set up. A Carlo Erba autoanalyser CLA 1500, provided with a sampler refrigerating unit and connected with a recording Turner Mod 111 fluorimeter was employed. The automated procedures, under the established optimal conditions, proved to be highly accurate and reproducible. Using the automated assay procedures the effect of sex and age on the plasma levels of the same enzymes was studied. 1273 randomly selected health subjects were studied. No sex differences were observed for all the enzymes studied with the exception of beta-glucuronidase which displayed higher values (about 30%) in males from 25 to 60 years. The developmental profiles of all enzymes in females and males were similar and characterised by: (a) absolute maximum level in the umbilical cord blood; (b) absolute minimum level at 10-14 years; (c) decrease to a second minimum occurring around 35 years (not displayed by beta-galactosidase and by beta-glucuronidase in males); (e) slow further increase up to the elderly level which was then maintained till the oldest age examined, 74 years. PMID- 6788409 TI - Rapid determination of human plasma apolipoprotein B. PMID- 6788410 TI - Genetic factors in determining susceptibility to alcohol dependence and development of alcohol-induced liver disease. AB - There is considerable evidence in favour of genetic factors influencing excessive drinking behaviour and development of alcohol dependence (alcoholism), although readily identified markers of these genes have not been established. In addition, environmental factors undoubtedly play an important role. Although the probability of developing a significant liver disease (alcohol-induced hepatitis with or without cirrhosis) is related to the amount of alcohol ingested, there is a great variation in susceptibility which presumably stems from either genetic or additional environmental influences. The probable linkage of development of severe alcohol-induced liver disease with alleles of the HLA-B locus would suggest the influence of a gene(s) on chromosome 6. Such a gene may determine the rate or type of metabolism of alcohol or, since the immune response genes are present on chromosome 6, may indicate genetically controlled variation in the level of the immune and inflammatory response to alcohol-induced changes in liver membrane antigenicity. Further studies are needed to confirm these associations and to determine the type of factor involved. PMID- 6788411 TI - Multiple heavy chain isotypes on the membrane of the small B lymphocytes in human blood. AB - Small lymphocytes from adult human blood were examined for the presence of membrane-associated alpha, gamma, delta and mu Ig isotypes by means of a direct immunofluorescence technique. Since less than 10% of the small lymphocytes in blood are B cells as defined by positive reactivity with an anti-Fab conjugate, our experiments were performed on a T cell-depleted fraction in which about 80% of the small lymphocytes were B cells. With the two-wavelength immunofluorescence method, all of the double-isotype combinations were found. The percentage of cells bearing more than two isotypes was deduced. The delta mu and the alpha delta mu combinations were the most common, as previously found on tonsillar lymphocytes. In contrast with the tonsils, no lymphocytes bearing only delta were observed and the proportions of alpha gamma- and alpha gamma mu-bearing lymphocytes were very small. The presence of lymphocytes bearing four isotypes could practically be excluded. PMID- 6788412 TI - Functional studies on B cells in human bone marrow: in vitro mitogen stimulation of normal and malignant B cells. AB - Using the protein A plaque assay, bone marrow cells from normal donors were shown to secrete spontaneously immunoglobulins mainly of the IgG and IgA class. After mitogenic activation, a marked increase in IgM production was observed with kinetics and cell density requirements similar to that of blood lymphocytes. In Morbus Waldenstrom patients, IgM was the predominant Ig class secreted spontaneously by bone marrow cells. The high in vitro background proliferation of these cells could be abolished by addition of the appropriate anti-idiotypic antiserum. After stimulation with mitogens, differentiation of cells within the malignant clone to immunoglobulin-secreting lymphocytes was evidenced, suggesting a retained responsive capacity of the transformed cells. PMID- 6788414 TI - An analysis of the respiratory stimulant effect of physostigmine and neostigmine in the conscious rabbit. AB - 1. The effects of physostigmine and neostigmine, given by continuous intravenous infusion, were studied on respiration in conscious rabbits. 2. Physostigmine (5 mg/kg per min) significantly increased respiration rate, decreased arterial PaCO2 from 25.4 +/- 0.9 to 19.8 +/- 1.5 mmHg, increased PaO2 from 100.3 +/- 1.9 to 108 +/- 3.0 and pH from 7.42 +/- 0.01 to 7.46 +/- 0.01 within 30 min of its infusion. 3. Neostigmine (2.5 mg/kg per min) also decreased PaCO2 and increased PaO2 significantly, but caused a concomitant lactic acidosis, which was associated with the increased muscular activity and fasciculations. 4. The respiratory stimulant effect of neostigmine, but not that of physostigmine, was abolished by hexamethonium 2 X (1.5 mg/kg). Atropine methyl nitrate (1 mg/kg) failed to influence the respiratory stimulant effect of physostigmine, but hyoscine (10 mg/kg) blocked it completely. 5. It is suggested that augmentation of respiratory activity by neostigmine is mediated via peripheral nicotinic receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies. This may occur either through the accumulation of acetylcholine or H+ ions from raised blood lactic acid. 6. It is further suggested that physostigmine stimulates respiration by raising the concentration of acetylcholine in the central nervous system which, in turn, activates muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6788413 TI - Anti-spectrin in sera containing smooth muscle autoantibodies from patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Sera from patients with chronic active hepatitis containing anti-smooth muscle autoantibodies (SMA) react against rabbit muscle actin as well as human red cell spectrin. These anti-spectrin antibodies recognize the same antigen as rabbit anti-human spectrin antibodies and are not involved in the staining pattern given by SMA-containing sera tested with smooth muscle sections. These anti-spectrin antibodies probably recognize an antigenic structure common to both spectrin and another as yet undetermined molecule (which however is not likely to be myosin). PMID- 6788415 TI - Sources of calcium for contraction of guinea-pig isolated tracheal smooth muscle. AB - 1. Contractile responses of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle to KCl, histamine, acetylcholine and prostaglandins were reduced after the removal of extracellular Ca2+ from the bathing medium. 2. KCl-induced contractures were more dependent on extracellular Ca2+ than acetylcholine-induced responses, but less so than histamine-induced contractures. 3. Responses to high concentrations of contractile agents were less dependent on extracellular Ca2+ than those to low concentrations. 4. Repeated additions of histamine or acetylcholine in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ resulted in progressively smaller contractile responses. 5. Treatment of tracheal muscle with EGTA considerably inhibited drug induced contractures and abolished the response to KCl. 6. It is concluded that contractile responses of guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle involve both the influx Ca2+ from the extracellular space and release of Ca2+ from intracellular sites. The relative contributions of these two Ca2+ sources depend on both the contractile agent and its concentration. Intracellular Ca2+ stores may be depleted by treatment with EGTA, or by repeated drug additions in the absence of extracellular calcium. PMID- 6788416 TI - Monoclonal autoantibody production by hybrid cell lines. PMID- 6788417 TI - Generation of human peripheral blood stable E-rosette-forming T cells by interleukin 1. PMID- 6788418 TI - Autoimmune interstitial disease of the kidney and associated antigen purification and characterization of a soluble tubular basement membrane antigen. PMID- 6788419 TI - Malnutrition and cancer. PMID- 6788420 TI - Continuous enteric alimentation with a blenderized formula in cancer cachexia. PMID- 6788421 TI - The calcar replacement femoral component for total hip arthroplasty: design, uses and surgical technique. AB - A new femoral component for total hip arthroplasty (THA) has been designed for use in patients in whom the calcar region is missing, hence called the calcar replacement device. Experience with its use in 18 hips has indicated that common causes for calcar deficiency requiring this implant are resorption of the calcar region secondary to failure of a prior THA, settling of an endoprosthesis or destruction by tumor. The use of a conventional femoral component in these situations is not recommended because of the lack of adequate bony support. The device is also valuable in restoring leg length in cases of substantial bone loss in the proximal part of the femur. In an entirely different indication, this device may be used to restore hip motion in patients with severely restricted movement secondary to extensive heterotopic ossification. In three of four hips with this condition, excision of the heterotopic bone and use of the calcar replacement device achieved restoration of an arc of 75 degrees or more in the flexion-extension plane. PMID- 6788422 TI - [Morphological studies on the skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves of rats intoxicated with lithium carbonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788423 TI - Reye's syndrome: an update for the practicing physician. PMID- 6788424 TI - Repeat lumbar puncture: an aid in diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6788425 TI - Kinetics of alpha-difluoromethylornithine: an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - We gave alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, to six health men in single intravenous doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight and oral doses of 10 and 20 mg/kg. Plasma concentrations were monitored during the 24 hr after each dose. Urine was collected from 0 to 24 hr after drug and amount of unchanged drug excreted was determined. Peak plasma concentrations were reached within 6 hr after oral doses. The decay of the plasma concentrations followed first-order kinetics with a mean half-life (t 1/2) for all four doses studied of 199 +/- 6 min (+/- SD). Mean total body clearance (ClT) for the four doses was 1.20 +/- 0.06 ml . min-1 . kg-1. Mean renal clearance was determined as 0.99 +/- 0.03 ml . min-1 . kg-1, accounting for 83% of drug elimination. Mean apparent volume of distribution (aVD) was 0.337 +/- 0.031 l/kg 1, corresponding to 24 l for 70 kg of body weight. The amount of unchanged drug in 24-hr urine samples was 47 +/- 7% and 40 +/- 11% after 10 and 20 mg/kg orally, and 78% and 81 +/- 8% after 5 and 10 mg/kg intravenously. Bioavailability of the 10 mg/kg dose was estimated as 58% from the urinary recoveries and as 54% from the areas under the plasma concentration curves (AUC 0 leads to infinity). Since doubling of the dose resulted in a doubling of the mean AUC 0 leads to infinity and since other kinetic parameters, such as aVD, t 1/2, ClT, and the urinary recovery of unchanged drug, were essentially the same at all doses, DFMO kinetics follow a dose-linear model. PMID- 6788426 TI - Gut hormones and the first meals. PMID- 6788427 TI - Effect of chronic dietary potassium depletion and repletion on cardiac and skeletal muscle structure, electrolytes and pH in the rabbit. AB - 1. Chronic dietary potassium depletion which was severe enough to decrease skeletal muscle intracellular potassium concentration by 20%, did not significantly reduce cardiac intracellular potassium concentration of rabbits. 2. Chronic potassium depletion caused a fall in intracellular pH in skeletal muscle, but no changes occurred in cardiac intracellular pH. 3. Intracellular potassium was increased above normal after 1 week of potassium repletion, but had returned to normal after 3 weeks of repletion. This may have resulted from potassium retaining mechanisms which had developed during depletion and which persisted during the early stages of repletion. 4. Cardiac and skeletal muscle from potassium-depleted animals did not show any structural damage when examined by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 6788428 TI - The relative amounts of the collagen chains alpha 1(I), alpha 2 and alpha 1(III) in the skin of 31 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta. AB - 1. The relative amounts of type III and type I collagen, determined as the ratio of their constituent alpha 1(III) and alpha 1(I) chains, have been measured by interrupted electrophoresis of pepsin extracts of skin collagen from 31 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta of varying severity, and from six clinically unaffected family members. In 18 patients the ratio of the alpha 1(I) to alpha 2 chains of type I collagen has also been measured. 2. In the 15 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta classified as mild or the 18 with type I disease the ratio alpha 1(III)/alpha 1(I) was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) and the ratio alpha 1(I)/alpha 2 significantly decreased (P less than 0.005) compared with age-matched control subjects. 3. In three infants with lethal (type II) osteogenesis imperfecta the ratio alpha 1(III)/alpha 1(I) was normal, contrasting with the high ratio observed by others in fibroblast cultures from some apparently similar patients. 4. The ratio of alpha 1(I)/alpha 2 and of alpha 1(III)/alpha 2(I) was increased in both clinically normal parents of a child with severe disease, and in the mother of two children with osteogenesis imperfecta (one lethal and one severe) the ratio alpha 1(III)/alpha 1(I) was increased. 5. In the remaining patients with severe bone deformity (types III and IV) the relative amounts of the different collagen chains varied. 6. These data support previous suggestions that mild or type I osteogenesis imperfecta results from a generalized inability to form sufficient type I collagen, the predominant collagen of adult bone, and imply that in many cases this may result from defective production of the alpha 1(I) chain rather than of the alpha 2 chain. Some patients with severe disease demonstrate a similar defect; but in the remainder other abnormalities of collagen or connective tissue maturation are presumably involved. PMID- 6788429 TI - The effects of sustained lung inflation on the pattern of breathing in man. AB - 1. Continuous positive-pressure breathing (CPPB) at airway pressures of 0.65-1.00 kPa above ambient pressure has been used to produce a sustained inflation of the lungs of approximately 1 litre in six normal male subjects. 2. Lung inflation produced a reduction in the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide inhalation by slow rebreathing in oxygen over approximately 45 min, with a reduction in the slope of the VE/Pet,CO2 and VT/Pet,CO2 relations (Pet,CO2, = end-tidal PCO2). 3. The pattern of breathing is altered, so that for any given expired minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT) is reduced with a fall in breath duration (Tt) resulting from a decrease in inspiratory time (Ti) with no change in expiratory time (Te). 4. The break point on the VT/Ti relation is lowered. PMID- 6788430 TI - The HLA system and disease. PMID- 6788431 TI - Changes in renal and urinary kallikrein activity by mannitol-induced osmotic diuresis. AB - 1. Osmotic diuresis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a 30% (w/v) mannitol solution injected three times at 15-min intervals. Kallikrein excretion increased for a short period after the first two injections, but, despite marked diuresis, the increment of kallikrein excretion after the second injection was less marked than after the first and no enhanced kallikrein excretion was observed after the third injection of mannitol. 2. Urinary kallikrein excretion correlated only with urinary potassium excretion. No correlation was found with either urine volume or urinary sodium excretion. 3. At the end of the osmotic diuresis kallikrein activity was significantly reduced both in the urine and in the renal cortex. At that time plasma aldosterone concentration was slightly greater in the mannitol-treated than that in the control group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. 4. In this experiment no relationship was observed between the activity of the renal kallikrein-kinin system and the plasma aldosterone concentration. 5. The transient increase in urinary kallikrein excretion is interpreted as a wash-out effect of renal kallikrein, which is followed by a diminished kallikrein activity in urine and in renal cortex. PMID- 6788432 TI - Physiology of gas exchange and exertional dyspnoea. PMID- 6788433 TI - The effect of bleeding patterns on the response of haemophilic haemarthroses to different doses of factor VIII. AB - Three hundred and thirty-nine consecutive bleeds into the knees, elbows and ankles of severe haemophiliacs were graded I if more than 50% of normal movement was present, and graded 2 if less than 50% of normal movement was present. Nursing staff then administered randomly allocated doses of 7,14 or 28 units of factor VIII per kg. Medical staff unaware of initial doses assessed progress thereafter at 12-hourly intervals. Grade I bleeds into "normal" joints showed no difference in response to the three dosage regimes, but grade 2 bleeds did worse on low doses. There was no significant difference in the response to each dose of bleeds into restricted and into target joints. However, when a restricted joint became a target joint as well, both grade I and grade 2 bleeds did badly on low doses. The target joint as well, both grade I and grade 2 bleeds did badly on low doses. The percentage of patients with bleeds into these joints whose range of movement had not returned to baseline 48 h after receiving a low dose of factor VIII was significantly higher than those who had received the higher doses. PMID- 6788434 TI - Problems arising from the use of the HLA system in paternity testing. AB - Characterization of the HLA antigens present on lymphocytes has become an important procedure in paternity testing. This paper presents data on two cases in which the HLA antigens exhibited by the mother, child and alleged father were consistent with paternity but where the other genetic markers clearly showed exclusion of paternity. The use of HLA data alone to calculate probability of paternity in these two cases produced misleading figures. Caution must be exercised in using HLA results to calculate the probability of paternity, especially when there is reason to believe that the alleged and natural fathers are relatives. PMID- 6788435 TI - A system for proficiency testing in immunohaematology. AB - A compulsory programme of proficiency testing in immunohaematology has been conducted for the last 4 years. The collection, processing and analysis of testing data reported by participating laboratories depends on a computer-based system, which allows the generation of reports for participants and working documents essential to the functioning of a committee which supervises the operation of the programme. The options open to the committee in coping with laboratories with poor performance are summarized. PMID- 6788436 TI - Proficiency testing in immunohaematology in Ontario, Canada, 1977-1979. AB - An analysis of the results of a compulsory proficiency testing programme in immunohaematology is presented. Error rates have been calculated for the determination of ABO and Rh(D) groups, the direct antiglobulin test and antibody detection according to defined criteria. The introduction of proficiency testing has been associated with alterations in error rates for some determinations. An educational programme introduced for laboratories with poor performance has proved effective in improving their results in the proficiency testing programme. PMID- 6788437 TI - A survey of VIII: C assay in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6788438 TI - [The role of total parenteral feeding in the therapy of inflammatory diseases of the intestine]. PMID- 6788439 TI - Prophylactic treatment of tuberculosis. PMID- 6788440 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to trifluorothymidine eyedrops. PMID- 6788442 TI - Cardiac disease in patients who have malignancies. PMID- 6788441 TI - The phenotypic expression of rabbit immunoglobulins: A model of complex regulated gene expression and cellular differentiation. PMID- 6788444 TI - Reversible dementia in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism. PMID- 6788445 TI - [Notes on the use of Hydro-Cast]. PMID- 6788443 TI - Intravenous administration of glucose and fructose in the uncomplicated postoperative period. PMID- 6788447 TI - [Notes on the use of Reprodent, Comfort and their clinical application]. PMID- 6788446 TI - [Notes on the use of Toughron Rebase]. PMID- 6788448 TI - [Characteristics of Neosnugger from the dental engineering viewpoint]. PMID- 6788449 TI - [Clinical studies on possible adverse effects of Bio Rebase and Soft Grip]. PMID- 6788450 TI - [Tissue conditioners and denture lining]. PMID- 6788451 TI - [Autochisel]. PMID- 6788452 TI - [Dental care and adhesive materials. 4-META resin]. PMID- 6788453 TI - [Notes on the use of Softone, Tru Soft and New Tru Liner]. PMID- 6788454 TI - [Notes on the use of Soft Liner, Rebaron and their clinical application]. PMID- 6788455 TI - Initial roentgenographic manifestations of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M kansasii, and M intracellularis infections. AB - The initial radiographic features of 188 patients with pulmonary infections due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis were compared to 184 patients with M kansasii and 100 patients with M intracellularis infections. The patients were all from the University of Texas Health Center at Tyler, all had at least two positive sputum cultures and no other potential pathogen, and none had a past medical history of any type of tuberculosis. The comparison showed that all three organisms have a strong tendency to produce cavitary infiltrates in the posterior portions of the upper lobes. No distinctive or pathognomonic feature could be found. The atypical organisms were more likely to produce thin-walled cavities and far advanced unilateral disease, but both of these patterns also occurred with M tuberculosis. Endobronchial spread and volume loss were common in all three diseases. The only definite difference seems to be the absence of a primary or juvenile form of atypical tuberculosis and a much greater incidence of empyema and postprimary pleural effusions with M tuberculosis. In an individual case, the roentgenographic manifestations of the three diseases are indistinguishable. PMID- 6788456 TI - Fungal pneumonia (Part 4): invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. PMID- 6788457 TI - Effect of co-trimoxazole on the glomerular filtration rate of healthy adults. AB - The administration of co-trimoxazole to 10 healthy adult volunteers was associated with a significant rise in their mean plasma creatinine (by 17.6%: p less than 0.01) and decrease in their mean creatinine clearance (by 26.3%: p less than 0.01). However, glomerular filtration rate (calculated from 51Cr-EDTA clearance) did not show any significant change. It is concluded that the changes in plasma creatinine and creatinine clearance during co-trimoxazole administration are not due to a decrease in glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 6788458 TI - One-dose treatment of acute uncomplicated gonorrhoea of male patients with ceftriaxone Ro 13-9904, a new parenteral cephalosporin. A dose-range finding pilot study using doses of 500, 250, 125 and 50 mg respectively, in descending order. AB - 54 adult male patients suffering from acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis entered a dose-range trial with a new parenteral cephalosporin, ceftriaxone Ro 13 9904. In order to evaluate the lowest effective dose of a single intramuscular injection of Ro 13-9904, the patients received different doses in descending order: 500 mg for the first group of 10 patients, 250 mg for the second group of 13 patients, 125 mg for the third group of 11 patients and 50 mg for the fourth group of 20 patients. All 34 patients of the first three trial groups were cured clinically and bacteriologically. In the group receiving 50 mg of the cephalosporin, 1 patient was bacteriologically a failure and a second was considered to be a reinfection. 7 further patients of this trial group showed clinical symptoms of urethritis after therapy, but gonococci were eradicated. The systemic and local tolerance of the drug was satisfactory. On the basis of this trial, the lowest effective dose for the eradication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in male patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea seems to be a single injection of between 50 and 125 mg of Ro 13-9904. PMID- 6788459 TI - A multidisciplinary, hospital-based team for child abuse cases: a "hands-on" approach. PMID- 6788460 TI - History and present status of modern psychiatry in China. PMID- 6788462 TI - Drilling of os calcis in persistent painful heel. PMID- 6788461 TI - Laser vaporization in intracranial tumors. PMID- 6788463 TI - Ultrastructural investigation of experimental fracture healing. IV. Electron microscopic observation on transformation and fate of fibroblasts and chondrocytes. PMID- 6788464 TI - Hydroxypiperaquine phosphate in treatment of falciparum malaria. PMID- 6788465 TI - Hydroxypiperaquine phosphate in treating chloroquine resistant falciparum malaria. PMID- 6788466 TI - Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the esophagus: report of 1,647. PMID- 6788467 TI - Chemotherapy and its combination with corticosteroids in acute miliary tuberculosis in adolescents and adults: analysis of 55 cases. PMID- 6788468 TI - Long-term results of the transsphenoidal approach in removing intrasellar tumors. PMID- 6788469 TI - Electronmicroscopic observations of traditional Chinese medicine influence on changes in platelet aggregation in central retinal vein occlusion. PMID- 6788470 TI - Double cervix adenocarcinoma: a case report. PMID- 6788471 TI - A case report of esthesioneuroblastoma. PMID- 6788472 TI - Further research on hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6788473 TI - Preliminary report on the average spectral method in investigating the singing voice. PMID- 6788474 TI - New medium for cultivating tubercle bacilli. Semiliquid medium with 1% hemolyzed blood. PMID- 6788475 TI - Early gastric carcinoma. Clinicopathologic analysis of 50 cases. PMID- 6788476 TI - Neuropathologic study of two cases of multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6788477 TI - Clinical and immunologic analysis of 25 Sjogren's syndrome cases. PMID- 6788478 TI - Restoration of immune functions and subsequent suppression of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats by allogeneic, xenogeneic thymus grafts or injection of thymus extracts. PMID- 6788479 TI - Experimental animal tumor immunotherapy with bacterial polysaccharide. PMID- 6788480 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of intraocular tumors. PMID- 6788481 TI - Termination of refractory tachyarrhythmias by cardiac pacing. A report of 25 cases. PMID- 6788483 TI - Fibular blood supply. PMID- 6788482 TI - Echinococcosis alveolaris in Qinghai Province. PMID- 6788484 TI - [A new approach to chemotherapy for intraocular tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788487 TI - [Selection of surgical approach for removing orbital tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788486 TI - [Determination and statistical analysis of the normal human conjunctival and corneal sensitivity (pressure sense) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788488 TI - [Follow-up study on the "pressure orbital apex syndrome" after earthquake (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788485 TI - [Statistical analysis of anterior corneal radius of curvature and its refractive power and study on physiological corneal astigmatism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788490 TI - [Clinical value of prophylactic peripheral iridectomy in acute closed angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788489 TI - [Oculocardiac reflex during ocular muscle operation under acupuncture anesthesia: A comparison between electrocardiograms of two groups of 30 cases each with local and acupuncture anesthesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788491 TI - [Clinical analysis of encircling operation in 97 cases of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788492 TI - [Treatment of retinitis pigmentosa by implantation of lateral rectus muscle into the suprachoroidal space (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788493 TI - [A new method for distinguishing the pseudo- from the true myopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788494 TI - [Causes of blindness in Tacheng District, Xin Jiang: Analysis of 650 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788495 TI - [Ocular cysticercosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788496 TI - [Studies on ocular pharmacodynamics and pharmaceutics---Part 2: How best to apply topical ocular medication (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788497 TI - [The first observation of a parasite, Dirofilaria repens, in the human eye in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788498 TI - [Thelaziasis of the conjunctiva: analysis of 83 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788499 TI - [Cyclic esotropia: report of 6 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788500 TI - [Clinical observations on treatment of corneal opacities with ultrasound (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788501 TI - [Application of Liang Xue San Yu Tang (blood-cooling and stasis-relieving decoction) in ocular fundus hemorrhage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788502 TI - [Treatment of uveoencephalitis with combined traditional Chinese and Western medicine: report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788503 TI - [Clinical observations on reduction on intraocular pressure by clonidine solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788504 TI - [A study on ocular holography--an experimental report on the static rabbit eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788505 TI - [Delayed diagnosis in perichiasmal tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788506 TI - [Chromosome study on a case of bilateral retinoblastoma with G- and Q-banding analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788507 TI - [Intraorbital neurilemmoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788508 TI - [Ocular signs of intracranial tumors involving the anterior visual pathways (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788509 TI - [Long-term follow-up of ocular hypertension (report of 20 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788510 TI - [Clinical observations on intravenous infusion with glycerin-mannitol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788511 TI - [Choroidal effusion--a preliminary report of 20 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788512 TI - [Complications of laser coagulation of retina (report of 5 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788513 TI - [Genetics of congenital red-green blindness. A preliminary report on family survey of 51 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788514 TI - [Investigation on 29 cases of familial congenital nyctalopia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788515 TI - [Combined Western and traditional Chinese medicine in diagnosis and treatment of retinal venous thrombosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788516 TI - [A survey of visual fields in plateau inhabitants (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788517 TI - [A statistical analysis of exophthalmometry and the distance between the lateral orbital rims among Tibetans at high altitudes in Qinghai (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788518 TI - [A statistical report on blindness and eye diseases in the rural areas]. PMID- 6788519 TI - [Prevention of blindness in rural areas of north China during the past 30 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788520 TI - [A statistical analysis of 1,059 cases of eye diseases and eye injuries among machinery factory workers in Hangzhou (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788521 TI - [Retinoblastoma--a study of 432 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788522 TI - Some thoughts on potassium and acetazolamide in developing kidneys. PMID- 6788523 TI - [Interaction of dihydroxyphenylalanine with the acid proteins of rat brain chromatin]. PMID- 6788524 TI - [Effect of mutations blocking the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism on neural activity in Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 6788525 TI - Perifusin--a solution without a problem? PMID- 6788526 TI - [Anti-Gm specificity in the serum of rabbits immunized with human immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6788527 TI - [Prognostication of neonates by compact polygraphy (author's transl)]. AB - The polygraphic methods currently available for the prognostication of high risk neonates are timeconsuming, almost inaccessible to visual analysis and unsuited for clinical practice. A polygraphic method has been devised using a restricted number of standardized evaluation criteria arranged according to optimalisation principles with a reduction of observation time to three sleep cycles to an average of 90 minutes. Using this type of "compact polygraphy" 135 newborn infants were divided in a "simple" and a "complicated" group. Their follow-up over the first year of life showed that abnormal EEG-tracing and/or clinical manifestations of early epilepsy occurred only in infants classified as complicated. No seizures occurred in the simple group. 40% of the patients with complicated prognostication showed neurological abnormalities vs. 8% in the simple group, confirming the prognostic value of compact polygraphy. Since the risk of developing epilepsy was 20% in newborns with postnatal seizures and complicated prognostication, preventive treatment with antiepileptic drugs is recommended in these infants. On the other hand newborns with postnatal seizures and simple prognostication can be spared the longtime exposure to barbiturates or other anticonvulsants. From our data it appears that compact polygraphy is clinically feasible and has a higher predictive accuracy than any of other currently available practical prognostication methods. PMID- 6788528 TI - [Triflupromazine-effects in electroencephalogram (author's transl)]. AB - Changes of EEG and Computer-EEG have been studied in a group of young patients premedicated intravenously with 10 mg of Triflupromazine, Druginduced changes of cerebral function caused especially variations of alpha-amplitude, in addition an increase of delta-delta/theta- and occasionally of beta-activity. The extend of EEG-changes depended on the individual weight-orientated dosage of Triflupromazine EEG-results and clinical data of quieting and sedative effects showed-with one exception-good correlation. PMID- 6788529 TI - [Alpine EEG Conference. 23d Annual Meeting, Kirchberg/Tyrol, 25-31 January 1981]. PMID- 6788530 TI - [Characterization of genetic EEG variables with the amplitude-interval-analysis. II. Variations of the beta-activity and controls (author's transl)]. AB - In 165 adult male probands with different variants of beta-Activity (fronto percentral beta-wave-groups; diffuse beta-waves) including 76 controls from the same proband population but with inconspicuous EEG patterns, a quantitative description of unipolar leads was carried out using a program for amplitude interval (time-domain) analysis. Statistically significant differences between some means of the examined parameters were found between the various EEG variants. No single parameter, however, separates these variants reliably. For such a separation, methods of multivariate statistics will have to be used. Significant differences between left and right hemispheres (especially lower average alpha-activity together with higher beta-activity on the left-hand side) were found in all examined EEG types including the controls. Hence, the lack of a significant side difference in the variant with monotonous alpha-waves as described in the first report of this series remains unique. PMID- 6788531 TI - [Influence of clonazepam on interictal penicillin-spikes (author's transl)]. AB - This paper deals with the action of Clonazepam on Penicillin induced interictal discharges. In 7 rabbits Penicillin was applied epicortically in a concentration of 25,000 or 50,000 I.U. The intracortical recordings were made with an 8 fold electrode, made by thin-film technology. Clonazepam (0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg) was given intravenously 30 to 45 min after the Penicillin application. Under Clonazepam the occurrence of double-und multiple interictal discharge is abolished. Single spikes become shorter and are significantly reduced in amplitude. Current Source Density analysis showed that the configuration of sources and sinks is not altered under the action of this drug. However the spatio-temporal distribution is reduced drastically. If the shape of interictal spikes is compared by means of averaging technique before and after the application of Clonazepam, one observes a significant decrease in the standard deviation. These results indicate that excitatory processes are reduced by an enhancement of inhibitory phenomena within the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6788532 TI - [An automatic method for analysis of the electroencephalogram of epileptics (author's transl)]. AB - A new method for spike-detection in the EEG was developed. For the learning, and test-phase of the program the judgement of 7 experienced electroencephalographers was used. The EEGs of 10 epileptic patients and 9 clinically normal subjects were analyzed. 250 out of 341 "true" spikes were recognized and only 3 doubtless nonspikes were classified as spikes. A direct comparison between computer program and single EEG experts shows an equivalent in 3 of 7 cases. The average detected spike rate of non=epileptic subjects is a quarter of the average spike rate of the epileptic patient with the lowest epileptic activity. The program is now being tested in realtime in a centre for epilepsy in the Netherlands. PMID- 6788533 TI - [Correlations between psychopathology and EEG patterns in epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Summarizing we could see that the EEG-records in our 340 patients comprising study proved to be a parameter of prediction of the psychiatric state and behavior and we could observe that patients having a normal or only slightly impaired EEG-pattern also used to be in a much better psychiatric state, then patients with severely disturbed EEG-records. Results of statistically very high significance we could especially observe in the field of the objective tests. concerning quickness and exactness of judgement and the cortical arousal we had much better results when there were no special EEG-activities. But also in the field of the brain-capacity-tests and subjective self-rating-tests the group with severely disturbed EEG-records had worse results. We even could observe in some parameters a difference favoring group one having a normal EEG compared to group two with only slightly impaired EEG-patterns. PMID- 6788534 TI - [Analysis of auditory averaged evoked potentials (AEP)- description of a fully automated procedure for AEP analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788535 TI - [Electroneurographic findings in cyclist's palsy (author's transl)]. AB - The electromyographic and electroneurographic findings of a patient with cyclist's palsy of both hands are reported. The electrophysiological results show a compression syndrome of the deep palmar motor branch of the ulnar nerve without involvement of the hypothenar branches (Fig. 2a, b). Two more types of cyclist's palsy should be differentiated reviewing the literature: 1. a compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist a lesion of the superficial branch, and 2. a compression of the deep motor branch including the hypothenar branches. As in the literature described probably exists a further type with an isolated lesion of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve; but there are no electroneurographic findings reported. PMID- 6788536 TI - [Mechanomyography - results in a normal population and in patients with thyroid dysfunction (author's transl)]. AB - Isometric contraction of the adductor pollicis by stimulating the ulnar nerve was determined in 20 normal adult subjects. We measured mechanical latency, electro mechanical latency, contraction time, time to half relaxation and isometric twitch force. Besides that we registered the compound muscle action potential and the nerve conduction velocity. The median nerve was used to elicit the nerve action potential and to determine conduction velocity and relative refractory period. In 6 pat. with hypothyroidism and in 7 pat. with hyperthyroidism the above mentioned parameters were measured. There was a significant change concerning contractile properties, i.e. muscular contraction became slower in hypothyroidism and faster in hyperthyroidism as compared to values obtained in the control group. The isometric twitch force was reduced in both conditions. To assure the close relationship between thyroid hormone (L-thyroxin) and muscle contraction a group of patients who have undergone thyroidectomy was investigated in the same way. Muscle and nerve parameters were determined during a levothyroxin-therapy and in a period without any treatment. The same phenomenon was observed, i.e. reduction of twitch velocity in the hypothyroid state. The twitch force was not reduced in this group. The close relationship between thyroid hormone and contractile properties allows a discrimination between hypo and hyperthyroid state and a control of thyroxin substitution. PMID- 6788537 TI - Premature elevation of systemic estradiol reduces serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone and lengthens the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in rhesus monkeys. AB - The concentration of estradiol in peripheral serum was prematurely elevated on days 3-6 of the rhesus monkey menstrual cycle to approximate the estradiol rise typically seen during the midfollicular phase. Associated with an estradiol increase (from 60 to approximately 90 pg/ml) was a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in FSH levels and a lengthening of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. These results reveal the existence of an exquisitely sensitive negative feedback relationship between estradiol and FSH during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, in doing so, these findings suggest that the selected follicle, by way of its secretion of estradiol, indirectly inhibits the maturation of other follicles by reducing gonadotropin levels. PMID- 6788538 TI - Frequency and amplitude of gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation and gonadotropin secretion in the rhesus monkey. AB - In adult ovariectomized rhesus monkeys bearing hypothalamic lesions which reduced circulating LH and FSH to undetectable levels, sustained elevated gonadotropin concentrations were reestablished by the intermittent administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) at the rate of 1 microgram/min for 6 min once every hour. The effects of varying either the frequency or the amplitude of these GnRH pulses on gonadotropin secretion were examined in such animals. Increasing the frequency of GnRH administration from the physiological one pulse per h to two, three, or five pulses h while maintaining a constant infusion rate and pulse duration resulted in gradual declines in plasma gonadotropin concentrations. These declines were most profound at the highest frequencies and the consequence of reduced pituitary responses to individual GnRH pulses. Decreasing the frequency of GnRH pulses from one per h to one every 3 h led to variable declines in plasma LH levels, but circulating FSH invariably rose. Reducing the GnRH infusion rate from 1 to 0.1 mg/min while maintaining constant frequency and pulse duration resulted in abrupt declines in plasma LH and FSH to immeasurable levels, although pulsatile increments in circulating GnRH concentrations without a concomitant reduction in plasma LH concentrations, which remained unchanged. An infusion rate of 0.5 microgram/min resulted in unstable plasma LH and FSH levels. These results demonstrate that changes in the frequency or amplitude of hypophysiotropic stimulation have profound effects on plasma gonadotropin levels as well as on FSH to LH ratios in the circulation. The physiological implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6788539 TI - Hypothyroidism in severely iodine-deficient rats. AB - The thyroid status of severely iodine-deficient rats was assessed by measurement of the resting metabolic rate (RMR) and liver mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD). Rats maintained on the iodine deficient diet for 2 or 3 months showed significantly reduced RMR and alpha-GPD, compared to rats on the same diet supplemented with KI in the drinking water. They also displayed markedly reduced serum T4 levels, slightly reduced serum T3 levels, and highly elevated serum TSH levels. A significant decrease in liver alpha-GPD was observed 29 days after the rats were placed in iodine-deficient diet. However, the decrease in RMR in the same animals was not statistically significant. These results suggest that measurement of liver alpha-GPD may be a more sensitive index of impending hypothyroidism than measurement of O2 consumption. The present study demonstrates that a hypothyroid state can be induced in rats exposed to a severely iodine-deficient diet. In severe iodine deficiency, the compensatory mechanisms of increased TSH stimulation and preferential T3 secretion from the thyroid are insufficient to prevent a fall in serum T3. The hypothyroid state results from the inability to maintain a normal serum T3 level and possibly also from the very low levels of serum T4. PMID- 6788541 TI - The influence of thyroidal status on rat hepatic mitochondrial NADH duroquinone reductase. AB - Hepatic mitochondrial NADH duroquinone reductase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were measured in rats with altered thyroidal status. Whereas alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was decreased in hypothyroid rats, NADH duroquinone reductase was increased approximately 3-fold in both thiouracil-fed and thyroidectomized rats. In hyperthyroid animals, NADH duroquinone reductase activity was decreased, whereas there was the expected elevation in mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. Maximum velocity measurements of NADH duroquinone reductase demonstrated that the increase in enzyme activity associated with hypothyroidism occurred without an alteration in Michaelis constants for the reaction. Rats bearing mammary carcinomas induced by N-nitrosomethylurea also showed an increase in hepatic NADH duroquinone reductase when rendered hypothyroid, but the enzyme was unaffected by thyroxine administration. PMID- 6788542 TI - A case of isolated growth hormone deficiency associated with familial thyroxine binding globulin deficiency. PMID- 6788540 TI - Effects of various prostanoids on thyrotropin secretion by superfused anterior pituitary cells. AB - Continuously superfused rat anterior pituitary cells were used to study the effects of prostaglandins (PGs) and a thromboxane (TX) on the secretion of TSH. Indomethacin, a blocker of PG synthetase, inhibited the amount of TSH secreted in response to TRH. This reduction in TRH responsiveness was overcome by administration of PGE2 in combination with the TRH. Arachidonic acid, a prostanoid precursor, increased the amount of TSH released by TRH. Superfusion with TXB2 or imadazole, an inhibitor of TX synthetase, did not change TSH secretion. PGs A2, B2, D2, F1 alpha, F2 alpha, and endoperoxide analogs U-44069 and U-46619 had no effect on hormone release. PGE1 and E2 both increased TRH stimulated TSH, but neither compound affected basal output; PGI2 was found to stimulate TSH release. Somatostatin inhibited TRH-induced TSH, but failed to block the effects of the PGs. These studies demonstrate that PGs, but no TXs, play a role in TSH secretion. PGE1 and PGE2 appear to modulate TRH responsiveness, while PGI2 directly stimulates hormone output. PMID- 6788543 TI - Influence of pineal gland stimulation on the seminiferous epithelium, serum LH, FSH and testosterone concentration in X-ray irradiated rats. PMID- 6788544 TI - Prorenin and other large molecular weight forms of renin. PMID- 6788545 TI - Kinetic studies of three different molecular forms of urokinase for the activation of native human plasminogen. AB - The kinetic parameters of three different molecular forms of urokinase (UK) for the activation of native Glu-plasminogen were compared. The apparent Michaelis constant (Km. app.) of each UK was almost of the same order of magnitude (31-38 microM), but the catalytic constants (kc) were observed to be different: UKh (high molecular weight form, molecular weight 53,000), 2.4 +/- 0.2 s-1; UK+ (low molecular weight form, molecular weight 33,000), 0.83 +/- o.10 s-1, and UKl (trypsin-digested form, molecular weight 36,000), 0.91 +/- 0.18 s-1. The overall second order rate constant, kc/Km calculated for UKh was 7.7 X 10(4) M-1 s-1, higher than for UKl (2.2 X 10(4) M-1 s-1) or UKt (2.4 X 10(4) M-1 s-1), indicating the possibility of a much higher degree of enzymatic specificity and efficiency. PMID- 6788546 TI - Effect of threonylcarbamoyl modification (t6A) in yeast tRNA Arg III on codon anticodon and anticodon-anticodon interactions. A thermodynamic and kinetic evaluation. AB - The effect of N-[9-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) purin-6-ylcarbamoyl]threonine (t6A) adjacent to anticodon U-C-U of yeast tRNA Arg III (where U is a modified U), compared to its unmodified adenosine counterpart, has been evaluated by three independent methods: (a) the polynucleotide-directed binding of tRNA on ribosomes, (b) the ribosome-free trinucleotide binding to the anticodon, (c) the anticodon-anticodon binding test. The results obtained by these three methods indicate a small but significant stabilization effect of t6A on the binding of yeast tRNA Arg III with (a) poly(A,G) in the presence of Escherichia coli ribosomes, (b) free A-G-A triplet, and (c) E. coli tRNA Ser V (anticodon G-G-A). We therefore conclude that the stabilization effect of t6A occurs on U x A and U x G base pairs adjacent to the 5' side of the modified nucleoside, most probably by stacking. PMID- 6788547 TI - The binding of dansylated initiation factor 3 to the 30-S subunit of Escherichia coli: a fluorimetric and biochemical study. AB - Initiation factor 3 (IF-3) has been labelled using dansyl (1 dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulphonyl) chloride under conditions designed to preserve the biological activity of the factor. The sites of modification of the IF-3 have been determined by peptide mapping and sequencing: about six lysines (73, 80, 91, 96, 99, 112) react in various proportions. However, if an IF-3 molecule bears more than one dansyl group on average then its activity is lost. The extent of incorporation is proportional to the amount of dansyl chloride used in the reaction. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of the dansyl-IF-3 leads to the following conclusions. (a) The motion of the dansyl label does not change greatly upon binding to the 30-S subunit. (b) The label is not close enough to any tryptophan group of the ribosome in the 30-S-subunit . IF-3 complex to allow energy transfer. (c) The IF-3 chain is folded so as to bring the tyrosine groups close to the dansyl-binding sites. (d) The stoichiometry of the binding of IF-3 to 30-S ribosomal subunits is close to 1:1 and the binding constant is 2 x 10(7) M-1. IF-3 also binds non-covalently the fluorescent indicator 8 anilinonaphthalene 1-sulphonate (ANS) with an apparent binding constant of approximately 8000 M-1. An interaction between ANS and poly(A-U-G), both bound to IF-3, was demonstrated. Combining these results with those for dansyl-IF-3 leads to a model for the interaction between IF-3 and the 30-S subunit involving a combination of 'hydrophobic' and electrostatic attraction between the factor and ribosomal RNA. PMID- 6788549 TI - Purification and characterization of esterase 1F, the albumin esterase of the house mouse (Mus musculus). AB - Esterase 1F was isolated from mouse serum and purified by ion-exchange chromatography, isoelectrofocusing, and molecular sieve chromatography. It is considered to be a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 75 000. The equivalent weight (approximately equal to 77 000 X g/mol) was estimated by titration of the catalytic site with diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate. The Michaelis constant Km and the catalytic constant kcat of the enzyme for 4 nitrophenyl hexanoate were determined. Esterase 1F is characterized by its ability to split a wide spectrum of substrates and its relatively low turnover rates towards the substrates tested. It belongs to the isozyme system of carboxylesterase (EC 3.1.1.1) coded for by chromosome 8. Esterase 1F was compared with three other genetically related isozymes, esterase 2, esterase 7 and esterase 9, with respect to some physical and catalytic properties. PMID- 6788548 TI - The bile-salt-stimulated lipase in human milk. Purification and characterization. AB - The bile-salt-stimulated lipase was purified from human whey by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and Affi-Gel blue. The purified enzyme gave a single band with a molecular weight of 90 000 on dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gels and this band accounted for at least 98% of the protein on the gel. An antiserum to the purified lipase completely inhibited the enzyme activity and gave a single precipitate against human whey and purified lipase. The bile-salt-stimulated lipase was inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate, which bound to the purified enzyme in a molar ratio of 0.85 mol/mol. The lipase is a glycoprotein with a high content of acidic amino acid residues and an isoelectric point of around 4. Proline constitutes more than 10% of the total amino acid residues. The purified lipase has a turnover number of around 150 S-1. PMID- 6788550 TI - The phospholipid-dependence of UDP glucuronosyltransferase. Purification, delipidation and reconstitution of microsomal enzyme from guinea-pig liver. AB - In order to study the interaction of liver microsomal UDPglucuronosyltransferase and microsomal phospholipids under closely defined conditions, guinea-pig enzyme was purified to homogeneity (as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate gel electrophoresis) by detergent-solubilisation, salt precipitation, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex, and affinity chromatography on UDPglucuronosyl-diaminohexanyl--Sepharose 4B. The purified transferase, which catalysed the glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol with high specific activity, was associated with microsomal phospholipids, and phosphatidylcholine was the major species present; the transferase protein had a subunit molecular weight of about 55 000. The enzyme was almost completely inactivated by delipidation of the protein by hydroxyapatite chromatography and efficient reconstitution of high activity was observed only with fluid (microsomal and egg-yolk) phosphatidylcholines. These results confirm that microsomal UDPglucuronosyltransferase is phospholipid-dependent with a specific requirement for phosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6788551 TI - Characterization of the transport of potassium ions in the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis Kutz. AB - Interrelationships between potassium-ion transport and transplasmalemma electrical-potential difference (delta psi m) have been investigated in Anabaena variabilis (ATCC 29413) by measuring K+ translocation and membrane potential in parallel. At pH 7.0, 5 mmol . dm-3 external K+, there was a thirtyfold accumulation of K+. The K+ equilibrium potential was lower (more negative) than the measured membrane potential by up to 20 mV, (delta psi K+ = -90 mV; delta psi m = -70 mV to -75 mV, respectively). Dark pretreatment and low temperature (4 degrees C) reduced internal K+ and depolarized delta psi m. External pH affected K+ translocation and membrane potential; delta psi m was hyperpolarized at high external pH; transplasmalemma K+ fluxes and internal K+ concentration were also increased at high pH. The effects of pH upon delta psi m, coupled with the finding that the membrane potential was relatively insensitive to external K+, suggest that delta psi m is unlikely to be due primarily to a diffusion potential of K+, but that the membrane potential is maintained by an electrogenic proton extrusion mechanism. There was no close (obligate) link between K+ transport and changes in delta psi m. Carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone decreased K+ fluxes, internal K+ and delta psi m when added in amounts up to 100 mumol . dm-3. However, delta psi K+ was always more negative than delta psi m. Valinomycin up to concentrations of 50 mumol . dm-3 increased transplasmalemma K+ fluxes by up to 300%, while changes in delta psi m were negligible. Internal K+ was unaffected by valinomycin. N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide at concentrations up to 100 mumol . dm-3, reduced K+ flux rates and caused a hyperpolarization of delta psi m. These observations suggest that delta psi m is primarily due to electron transport reactions at the plasmalemma and that K+ transport is energy-dependent. In the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, internal K+ redistributed in accordance with the membrane potential, suggesting that passive uniport in response to delta psi m (i.e. secondary active transport) is not usually important but may operate when primary active mechanisms are blocked. PMID- 6788554 TI - Metabolism of ingested 14C-triolein. Estimation of radiation dose in tests of lipid assimilation using 14C-and 3H-labelled fatty acids. AB - To estimate the radiation dose of ingested 14C- (and 3H-) labelled fatty acids, we measured 14CO2 in samples of expired air in five subjects, and serum 14C activity in four subjects, over 4 weeks. These investigations showed that 25%-40% of ingested 14C-fatty acids were metabolized and expired as 14CO2 within 10 days after ingestion. The residue was expired with a calculated half-life of 493 days. Six days after ingestion of the radiolipids, radioactivity in serum was barely detectable. From these data of 14C-fatty acid metabolism, a total whole-body radiation of 20 mrem/microCi 14C, 8 mrem/microCi 14C the first year, was calculated. The corresponding radiation dose for 3H-fatty acid was 2 mrem/microCi 3H and 1 mrem/microCi 3H respectively. Maximal organ-specific radiation (gonads and lungs) from the blood-borne radioactivity was 1 mrem/microCi of 14C-fatty acid. PMID- 6788553 TI - Melanoma affine radiopharmaceuticals I. A comparative study of 131I-labeled quinoline and tyrosine derivatives. AB - We compared two melanoma-specific radioiodine labeled compounds 4-(3 dimethylaminopropylamino)-7-iodoquinoline (I) and L-3-iodo-alpha-methyltyrosine (IV) using three hamster groups. Two groups consisted of hamsters with subcutaneous or subscleral melanotic melanoma, and the third had healthy animals as controls. For the chosen tumor model and in comparison with the quinoline derivative (I), the tyrosine derivative (IV) proved to have some better properties as a melanoma-specific radio-pharmaceutical. This result holds for the first 24 h after administration, thus recommending (IV) for the 123I label. While in that time period (I) did not sufficiently accumulate in the melanoma to compete with the high background activities, especially in the abdominal organs, (IV) had its highest tumor concentration 1 h after administration. The derivative (IV) cleared more slowly from the tumor tissue than from the other organs thus increasing the tumor-to-organ ratio. There was no obvious difference in the biodistribution of (I) and (IV) in relation to the site of the melanoma growth, i.e. eyes and skin. Generally, all three groups of hamsters exhibited similar accumulation and clearance characteristics for each radiopharmaceutical. In contrast to (I), which took part in the formation of the biopolymer melanin, (IV) acted as a reversible inhibitor of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. The affinity to the tyrosine hydroxylase and not the function as a melanin precursor lead to an accumulation of (IV) in the melanoma tissue. PMID- 6788552 TI - 14CO2 in breath. AB - The diagnosis of metabolic disorders can be made by detecting 14CO2 in the breath. This is possible because 14CO2 can label any organic compound without any deteriorations in the nature of the compound. This type of analysis is dependable, noninvasive and simple to perform with a scintillation counter. PMID- 6788555 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of ethylediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in rats. AB - A gas chromatographic assay of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in rat serum and urine has been developed. The procedure involves benzene extraction of the sample, and uses the internal standard technique for determining EDTA concentrations in biological samples. The pharmacokinetics of EDTA was investigated in rats after i.v. injection of 5 and 50 mg/kg or oral administration of 50 and 250 mg/kg. No significant dose-related differences were between the mean biological half-lives (ranging between 21.6 and 22.9 min). EDTA was extracted in rat urine within 24 h of either i.v. dose, and within 80 min of the 50 mg/kg and 3 h of the 250 mg/kg or oral doses. In the applications described the analytical limit of sensitivity is 0.5 microgram/ml of rat serum of urine. PMID- 6788556 TI - On the pharmacokinetics of domperidone in animals and man III. Comparative study on the excretion and metabolism of domperidone in rats, dogs and man. AB - The excretion and metabolism of the novel gastrokinetic and antinauseant drug domperidone were studied after oral administration of the 14C-labelled compound to rats, dogs and man, and after intravenous administration to rats and dogs. Excretion of the radioactivity was almost complete within four days. In the three species, the radioactivity was excreted for the greater part with the faeces. Biliary excretion of the radioactivity amounted to 65% of the dose 24 hours after intravenous administration in rats. Unchanged domperidone as determined by radioimmunoassay, accounted in urine for 0.3% in dogs, 0.4% in man, and in faeces for 9% in dogs and 7% in man. The main metabolic pathways of domperidone in the three species were the aromatic hydroxylation at the benzimidazolone moiety, resulting in hydroxy-domperidone -the main faecal metabolite-, and the oxidative N-dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen, resulting in 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1H benzamidazole-1-propanoic acid the major radioactive urinary metabolite- and 5 chloro-4-piperidinyl-1,3-dihydro-benzimidazol-2-one. In urine the two first metabolites were present partly as conjugates. A mass balance for the major metabolites in urine, faeces, bile and plasma samples was made up after radio HPLC (reverse-phase HPLC with on-line radioactivity detection) of various extracts. Only minor species differences were detected. PMID- 6788557 TI - Carbon dioxide transportation and haemoglobin oxygen affinity during haemodilution. AB - The increase in the PCO2 of tonometered, haemodiluted (Hct 15%) blood samples was on an average 8 mm Hg higher than in the undiluted samples of the same blood when a fixed amount of Co2 was added to both samples. Concurrently the actual P50 increased on an average 2 mm Hg more in the diluted than in the undiluted samples. In a series of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting the arterial-mixed venous PCO2 difference was on an average 5 mm Hg higher during haemodilution (Hct 16%) than in the control situation. In another series of similar patients the arterial-coronary sinus PCO2 difference increased from 9 +/- 1 to 14 +/- 2 mm Hg when the Hct fell to the level of 22%. The haemodilution induced decrease in the total CO2-transporting capacity of the blood leads to an increased PCO2 and a decreased pH as compared to the situation without haemodilution, if the same amount of CO2 is added. In the clinical situation the gained decrease of the haemoglobin oxygen affinity probably plays a part in the compensation for the decreased oxygen capacity of the blood caused by the haemodilution. PMID- 6788558 TI - Serological tests in the diagnosis of fungal urinary tract infection. AB - Fungus urine cultures were performed in 646 cases. In 50 we obtained a positive result. In 35 of these and in a control group of apparently healthy adults, we made serological studies using the following techniques: Immunodiffusion; counter immunoelectrophoresis, and immunofluorescence. 4 patients has positive precipitins against somatic and metabolic antigens. We obtained histological confirmation of deep candidiasis. In another 4 patients, the precipitins were positive against metabolic antigen only and further study failed to show deep candidiasis. In a further two cases we obtained positive titers using immunofluorescence; in 1 of these deep infection was confirmed. On no occasion in our study did the use of immunodiffusion and counter immunoelectrophoresis produce either false positive or false negative results against somatic antigen. PMID- 6788559 TI - Increased frequency of late pre- beta lipoproteins (LP beta) in isolated serum very low density lipoproteins in uraemia. AB - Hypertriglyceridaemia, which is caused by raised levels of the triglyceride rich serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), is common in uraemia. Here we report qualitative studies on VLDL in this condition. VLDL were isolated from serum of 137 uraemic patients by ultracentrifugation, subjected to agarose electrophoresis and stained for lipids. An increased frequency of presence of electrophoretically slow migrating, discrete VLDL band, the so-called late pre- beta lipoproteins, LP beta, was found, 76% in uraemia versus 30% in controls. Patients on haemodialysis had a higher frequency of LP beta than those not on dialysis, 94% versus 69%. Furthermore the cholesterol/triglyceride ratio of VLDL was raised by about 30% in uraemia. Since the cholesterol enriched LP beta is believed to represent an end stage of the catabolism of VLDL these data suggest that there is a delayed clearance of VLDL remnants in uraemia. In haemodialysis patients heparin might have contributed to the higher frequency of LP beta. PMID- 6788560 TI - The effect of antacids on the occurrence of bile acid and aspirin-induced gastric lesions in rats. AB - Taurodeoxycholic acid increases the incidence of aspirin induced gastric bleeding in rats and in vitro is well bound by Aludrox (aluminium hydroxide) and poorly bound by Maalox (aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide). We studied the relevance of this binding, as demonstrated in vitro, by observing the effect of the antacids on the occurrence of taurodeoxycholic acid and aspirin-induced bleeding in vivo in rats. Six groups of fasting male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 24) were intubated and given either water, Aludrox or Maalox and, 30 min later, aspirin or aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid. 4 h later the stomachs were examined and rats were scored positive if a lesion greater than 1 mm across was found (incidence of bleeding); a lesion scoring system was also used (severity of bleeding). The incidence of bleeding was increased from 63% with aspirin to 92% with aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid (P less than 0.05). The incidence was reduced to 33% and 67% respectively by Aludrox and to 29% (P less than 0.05) and 71% by Maalox. The severity of bleeding (median lesion score, quartiles in parentheses) was increased from 3 (1;6.5) (aspirin) to 10.5 (6;15) (aspirin plus taurodeoxycholic acid); P less than 0.001. These were reduced to 0.5 (0;3); P less than 0.02 and 5 (0.5;9.5); P less than 0.05 respectively by Aludrox and to 0 (0;3); P less than 0.02 and 3 (2;8); P less than 0.02 by Maalox. The severity of bleeding was reduced by both antacids but the effect appeared to be mainly on the aspirin rather than the bile acid component of the damage. PMID- 6788561 TI - Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) from alveolar macrophages by the calcium ionophore A23187 and phagocytosis. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) was recovered from rabbit, rat and human alveolar macrophages stimulated with the Ca++ ionophore A23187. PAF-acether release was also obtained from rat and rabbit macrophages in the presence of zymosan, but not from human alveolar preparations in spite of the phagocytic activity exhibited by the latter cells. Observed releases were active, Ca++ dependent, and plateaued at 45 min. No PAF-acether was released from lungs washed out of their macrophages, another argument against the mastocyte origin of this mediator. Given the potent bronchoconstrictive activity of PAF-acether, its release from alveolar macrophages may provide an alternative explanation for non IgE-dependent asthmas and the implication of platelets in pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6788562 TI - Serum lipids, biliary lipid composition, and bile acid metabolism in vegetarians as compared to normal controls. AB - Since dietary factors have been implicated in various diseases, such as coronary heart disease, gallstone formation and colonic cancer, possibly by affecting cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, we studied serum lipid levels, biliary lipid composition, cholic acid and deoxycholic acid kinetics in a group of young healthy male vegetarians and in age, sex and weight matched control subjects. Daily intake of nutrients was higher with respect to polyunsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrates and dietary fibre in the vegetarian group. Although mean serum lipid levels in the vegetarian were 8-28% lower than in the control subjects, differences were not statistically significant. Biliary lipid and biliary bile acid composition were similar in both groups. Bile acid kinetics, measured after simultaneous injection of [3H]cholic acid and [14C]deoxycholic acid, showed a slightly lower output of cholic acid and a slightly higher input of deoxycholic acid in the vegetarians, this causing a significantly (P less than 0.025) higher 7 alpha-dehydroxylation fraction (input deoxycholic acid divided by synthesis of cholic acid) in the vegetarians. Our results in young males suggest that bile acid conservation is associated with a vegetarian diet, but do not support the supposition that a vegetarian diet reduces deoxycholate formation. PMID- 6788563 TI - An in-vivo study of renal cadmium and hypertension. AB - A comparative study of renal cadmium burdens in a group of thirty hypertensive patients undergoing treatment and in a group of thirty matched controls is reported, both groups being volunteers selected from a non-occupationally exposed population. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of cadmium in the aetiology of hypertension at the chronic low levels of environmental exposure. Renal cadmium levels were measured in vivo, using the technique of partial-body neutron activation analysis. The results showed that the mean renal cadmium level in the hypertensive group [3.3 mg (SD 2.3)], was not significantly different from that [4.4 mg (SD 2.7)], in the normotensive group. Whether the level in the hypertensives depends on the treatment is open to question and will be the subject of further investigation. In addition, the results confirm that kidney cadmium levels are elevated in smokers. PMID- 6788564 TI - Influence of renal denervation on urine concentration in awake and anaesthetized dogs. AB - The role of renal nerves in urine concentration was studied in clearance experiments with unilaterally renal-denervated dogs prepared by surgical bladder division. Urine concentration was assessed under conditions of: (1) stimulation of ADH release by dehydration or barbiturate anaesthesia; (2) mannitol diuresis, and (3) isotonic saline diuresis. Differences in TcH2O/GFR between the intact and denervated kidney were not significant in any of the experimental groups. However, in dehydrated conscious dogs Uosm of the intact kidney (939 +/- 58 mmol/kg H2O) was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that of the denervated organ (806 +/- 51 mmol/kg H2O). In the intact kidney the medullary content of total solutes and sodium per kg wet tissue was 684 +/- 26 mmol and 208 +/- 12 mmol, respectively. This was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than corresponding values of 581 +/- 23 mmol and 171 +/- 14 mmol per kg wet tissue measured in the denervated organ. We suggest that a slight impairment of urine concentration (lower Uosm) in the denervated kidney of conscious dogs may depend on decreased medullary hypertonicity. PMID- 6788565 TI - Activities of post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase during pregnancy and lactation. PMID- 6788566 TI - Human gastric mucosal adenylate cyclase activity: effects of various cytoprotective prostaglandins. AB - Several prostaglandins prevent ulcer formation (called cytoprotection) by a mechanism other than inhibition of gastric acid secretion. One suggestion is that they increase cyclic AMP in non-parietal cells. A variety of prostaglandins with potent cytoprotective properties were tested for their capacity to modulate adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of human gastric mucosa. Prostaglandin E2, prostacyclin (PGI2) and 15(S)-methyl-PGE2 stimulated the cyclase in human gastric mucosal biopsy specimens in a dose-dependent manner. Cytoprotective prostaglandins without antisecretory properties such as PGF2 beta were also able to activate the enzyme system dose-dependently. In contrast, cytoprotective prostaglandins such as PGD2, the PGE1-analogue, SC-29333, and the prostaglandin like compound C83 did not stimulate human gastric adenylate cyclase. Whereas PGD2 did not modulate enzyme activity at all, SC-29333 and C83, at concentrations greater than 10 mumol/l, inhibited basal and PGE2-stimulated enzyme activities. These studies suggest that cyclic AMP is not directly related to the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins, at least in human gastric mucosa. PMID- 6788567 TI - Evaluation of the roles of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in lipoprotein metabolism: in vivo and in vitro studies in man. AB - The roles of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and VLDL remnant metabolism were investigated by (1) in vivo studies where the kinetics of VLDL-apo B removal were measured in patients with non-functioning lipoprotein lipase systems, and (2) in vitro studies where the relative capacities of hepatic lipase and LPL to hydrolyse the triglyceride (TG) of different lipoprotein substrates was measured. The results indicated that VLDL apo B removal was not impaired in patients with non-functional LPL, nor ws there any apparent abnormality in the conversion of VLDL-apo B to intermediate- (IDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein-apo B. Post-heparin plasma hepatic lipase activity against VLDL was normal in these subjects. Purified normal hepatic lipase had a similar Km for VLDL-TG hydrolysis (1.57 mmol/l) to that of LPL (1.49 mmol/l). However, at equal lipoprotein TG concentration, hepatic lipase had increasing activity with lipoproteins of decreasing particle size, in the order chylomicrons much less than VLDL of Sf 100-400 less than VLDL of Sf 60-100 less than VLDL of Sf 20-60 less than IDL. The mean contribution of hepatic lipase to VLDL-TG hydrolysis by post-heparin plasma was 35% in normal controls, but the contribution to IDL-TG hydrolysis was significantly higher (mean - 58%). It is concluded that hepatic lipase plays a significant role in VLDL and, especially, IDL metabolism, at least in patients with non-functioning lipoprotein lipase. PMID- 6788568 TI - Functional and binding activity of monoclonal anti-Thy-1 antibodies: evidence for different expression of the two alleles. AB - Monoclonal anti-Thy-1.1 and anti-Thy-1.2 antisera selected for complement dependent cytotoxicity have high cytotoxic and binding titers on thymocytes and peripheral T cells of mouse strains bearing the appropriate Thy-1 allele. The effect of both anti-Thy=1.1 and anti-Thy-1.2 monoclonal antisera plus complement on cytoxic T cell effectors is to abrogate their activity. On the functional activity of precursor cytotoxic T cells, monoclonal antisera against the two alleles have different effects: anti-Thy1.2 plus complement removes precursor activity of Thy-1.2-bearing strains, including (Thy-1.1 X Thy-1.2) F heterozygotes, In contrast, six different anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonals, including four of the IgM class and two of the IgG class, failed to remove cytotoxic precursor activity from the splenic T cells of AKR, A. Thy-1.1 or (CBA X AKR) F1 mice. Analysis by florescence-activated cell sorting of in vitro cultured AKR spleen cells shows that Thy-1.1 antigen appears on the cel surface during the five-day culture period. PMID- 6788569 TI - DNL 1.9: a monoclonal antibody which specifically detects all murine B lineage cells. AB - A rat anti-mouse monoclonal antibody, DNL 1.9, has been produced and shown to bind to all cells of the B lineage in mice. By quantitative immunofluorescence, DNL 1.9 binds to approximately 50% of spleen cells, 20-30% of lymph node cells, but no to thymocytes. In bone marrow and neonatal liver, 70-80% of the small cells and 10-20% of the large cells were identified by this antibody. Two-color immunofluorescence studies showed that all immunoglobulin-positive cells were also DNL 1.9-positive, while Thy-1.2-positive cells did not bind the monoclonal antibody. All pre-B cells in bone marrow , as identified by cytoplasmic IgM staining, were labeled by the DNL 1.9 antibody. A significant proportion of lymphocytes in the bone marrow which did not express cell surface immunoglobulin did bind DNL 1.9. Both direct and indirect plaque-forming cells were also shown to bind DNL 1.9 antibody. The antigen recognized by this monoclonal antibody was not immunoglobulin nor was the antigen present in normal mouse serum. All seven mouse strains tested showed similar patterns of antigen expression. These results show that all of the cells indentifiable as being of the B lineage were identified by this monoclonal antibody. It is possible that the cells which bind DNL 1.9 but do not express cell surface immunoglobulin may be very early precursors of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6788570 TI - Distinctive functional characteristics of human "T" lymphocytes defined by E rosetting or a monoclonal anti-T cell antibody. AB - The properties of human lymphocyte fractions isolated either by sheep red cell(E) rosetting or by fluorescence-activated cell sorting after staining with UCHT1 monoclonal anti-T cell antibody have been compared. Two populations of E+ cells with very different phenotype and function have been identified. E+/UCHT1+ cells respond well to the T cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A and provide help for an in vitro specific antibody response. They can also suppress the antibody response of allegeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In contrast, the E+/UCHT1- population, which has no other markers characteristic of T cells, fails to respond to mitogens or to provide help or suppression for an antibody response. These cells, however, are highly active natural killers. They possess Fc gamma receptors and have a characteristic staining pattern of nonspecific esterase enzyme activity. It is concluded that not all cells capable of forming E rosettes are thymus-processed cells and that this heterogeneity can be revealed by staining with the monoclonal anti-T cell reagent UCHT1. PMID- 6788571 TI - B 96, a seventh allele at the rabbit kappa chain b locus. AB - A previously undetected allotypic specificity, A96, was observed in the wild rabbit population of Zembra (Tunisia). The A96 allotype is inherited as a b allotype, and its antigenic determinants are located on the kappa light chains of immunoglobulins. Although cross-reacting with b6, the A96 allotype carries its own allotypic determinants, and is therefore distinct form the known allotypes of the b series (b4, b5, b6, b9, b4var and b95). The data indicate that A96 is encoded by an allele at the b locus, tentatively designated b 96. PMID- 6788573 TI - The effects of histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine, a metabolite of TRH, on prolactin release by the rat pituitary gland in vitro. AB - The effect of four different preparations of histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine (DKP) on prolactin (PRL) release by rat hemipituitary glands and cultured dispersed normal pituitary cells was studies. Three DKP preparations )0.1-1 micrometer) were ineffective on PRL release in vitro. By combining the results from 12 incubation vials in 3 experiments 1 micrometer of the fourth DKP preparation was shown to suppress PRL release slightly but significantly by 18%, (P less than 0.05). DKP did not enhance the dopamine-mediated inhibition of PRL release and it also did not reverse the TRH-mediated stimulation of PRL release by the pituitary gland in vitro. It was concluded that DKP (in micromolar concentrations) has a very weak PRL release-inhibiting action and is probably not a physiologically acting prolatin-inhibiting factor. PMID- 6788572 TI - Effects of amino acids, especially taurine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), on analgesia and calcium depletion induced by morphine in mice. AB - The analgesic effect of morphine was antagonized in mice by intracerebroventricular pretreatment with taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) or glycine and was potentiated by ethylene glycol tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) but not altered by L-glutamate or L-aspartate. The potentiation of morphine analgesia by EGTA was reversed by a concentration of taurine that did not alter the tail flick response. The selective depletion of 45Ca2+ from synaptic vesicles observed with morphine administration was significantly inhibited by taurine injection (1.2 mumol/brain, i.vt.) but was not altered by the same dose of GABA. Inhibition of ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake in synaptosomes by morphine was also completely reversed by taurine (10(-2)M which by itself did not alter 45Ca2+ uptake. These results suggest that antagonism of morphine analgesia by taurine may be caused by blockade of the morphine-induced inhibition of both ATP-dependent synaptosomal 45Ca2+ uptake and changes in synaptic vesicular 45Ca2+ localization, while the antagonism by GABA was not associated with synaptosomal Ca2+. PMID- 6788574 TI - Opiate-enhanced toxicity and noradrenergic sprouting in rats treated with 6 hydroxydopa. AB - Because endorphin receptor activation alters the function of the central noradrenergic system, opiates may change the regenerative sprouting of neurons in response to adrenergic neurotoxins. To test this hypothesis, newborn rats were treated with several opioids and 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHDOPA) and the development of the noradrenergic system was evaluated. In combination with 6-OHDOPA morphine and naloxone potentiated the development of norepinephrine (NE) levels in the pons medulla and cerebellum by four weeks of age, beta-Endorphin, Leu- and Met enkephalin and d-Ala2-enkephalinamide produced a similar effect in the pons medulla. The effect of morphine was partially attenuated by naloxone. Increased cerebellar noradrenergic histofluorescent staining was observed with the morphine + 6-OHDOPA and naloxone + 6-OHDOPA treatments. Both naloxone and morphine decreased NE levels in the pons-medulla of adult rats treated with 6-OHDOPA. These results suggest that opiates and endorphins may enhance sprouting of noradrenergic neurons following neonatal treatment with 6-OHDOPA, by increasing the toxicity of this neurotoxin. PMID- 6788575 TI - Reaction of human auto-antibodies with antigens of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila. PMID- 6788577 TI - Biosynthesis of retinal phospholipids by base exchange reactions. PMID- 6788576 TI - Activation of sea urchin eggs by microinjection of calcium buffers. PMID- 6788578 TI - Freeze-fracture studies of the structure of rod outer segment membranes: new observations regarding the distribution of particle-free patches and the location of the fracture planes in conventionally prepared retinas. PMID- 6788579 TI - Tissue and species specificity of BCP 54, the major soluble protein of bovine cornea. PMID- 6788580 TI - Alterations in total content and solubility characteristics of proteins in rat brain and liver during ageing and centrophenoxine treatment. PMID- 6788581 TI - Decline in hepatic microsomal monooxygenase components in middle-aged Fischer 344 rats. PMID- 6788582 TI - Effects of ethidium bromide on development and aging of Drosophila: implications for the free radical theory of aging. PMID- 6788584 TI - The role of the central nervous system in the control of the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. PMID- 6788583 TI - Regulation of prolactin secretion at the pituitary level. PMID- 6788585 TI - The limbic system and female sexual maturation. PMID- 6788586 TI - Effect of brain compression on pyramidal tract responses in the cat. PMID- 6788587 TI - Insulin can completely replace serum in Drosophila melanogaster cell cultures in vitro. PMID- 6788588 TI - Measurement of induced beta-galactosidase activity in intact cells of Streptomyces species. PMID- 6788589 TI - Stimulation of sporulation by ppApp in a conditionally asporogenous rifampin resistant mutant in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Addition of ppApp to Sterlini-Mandelstam medium stimulates sporulation of a conditionally asporogenous rifampin-resistant mutant of Bacillus subtilis to the same extent as the effect of 4 amino acids. Mutant cells sporulating in the presence of amino acids also produce 2 phosphorylated nucleotides one of which comigrated with ppApp on PEI thin layer chromatogram. PMID- 6788590 TI - Homology of L-gulonolactone oxidase of species belonging to Mammalia, Aves, and Amphibia. AB - Immunological cross-reactivity of L-gulonolactone oxidase of different species (rat, chicken, and bullfrog) was tested by the Ouchterlony technique. Antiserum directed against the enzyme from chicken kidney reacted with rat liver enzyme as well as with bullfrog kidney enzyme. This finding suggests that there is, at least partly, sequence homology among the enzyme from species belonging to the three classes, Mammalian, Aves, and Amphibia. PMID- 6788591 TI - Fluorescein-concanavalin A conjugates distinguish between normal and malignant human cells: a preliminary report. AB - A method is described for using a fluorescein isothiocyanate concanavalin A conjugate to stain human cell membranes in formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. 57 neoplastic and normal tissue sites were examined. In 54 malignant tumours, bright green fluorescence was confined to the cell membranes while in 23 benign tumours and normal tissue sites, the membranes were unstained or showed a diminished level of fluorescence. The distinction between malignant and hyperplastic or normal cells was clear cut and definite. PMID- 6788592 TI - Nonspecific acid-esterase activity in lymphoid cells of Bufo bufo. PMID- 6788593 TI - Inhibition of hypothalamic GnRH synthesis by inhibin. PMID- 6788594 TI - Effects of prolactin (PRL) on gonadotropin release in mice with congenital PRL deficiency. PMID- 6788595 TI - Cigarette smoke-induced depression in LCAT activity. PMID- 6788596 TI - Effects of in vivo carbon disulfide administration on the hepatic monooxygenase systems of microsomes from rats. PMID- 6788597 TI - The costs and benefits of government expenditures for family planning programs. AB - In 1979, federal and state governments spent a total of $285 million to finance family planning clinic services in the United States. As a result, about 695,000 pregnancies (239,000 births, 370,000 abortions and 86,000 miscarriages) were averted among low- and marginal-income patients; and at least $570 million was saved in government expenditures during the following year for childbirth, postnatal and pediatric care, abortions and welfare payments that would have been required in the absence of the clinic services. In other words, for every dollar spent by the government on family planning clinic services in 1979, about two dollars were saved in public-sector expenditures for health and welfare services to women and their babies during the next year. The first-year benefits were especially high for teenagers--about three dollars saved for every government dollar expended. Although teenagers accounted for only one-third of the clinic patients served in 1979, nearly half of the government savings can be attributed to family planning clinic services to women in their teens. Costs were greater than savings for patients aged 30 and older, but these older patients represent only 12 percent of the clinic patient population. PMID- 6788598 TI - Fusaric acid derivatives and analogues as possible antihypertensive drugs. Note II. PMID- 6788599 TI - In vitro and in vivo effect of Escherichia coli endotoxin on mitochondrial phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 6788600 TI - Synthesis and export of teml beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli. PMID- 6788601 TI - Effects of vasopressin on lipogenesis in obese mice. PMID- 6788602 TI - Low molecular mass protease: evidence for a new family of proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6788603 TI - Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase in rabbit muscle. Effects of epinephrine and diabetes. PMID- 6788604 TI - Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase phosphorylation in perfused rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 6788605 TI - Nutrition and acid-base metabolism. PMID- 6788606 TI - Observations on the combination of clomiphene citrate-human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin in the management of anovulation. AB - To study the effects of the addition of clomiphene citrate to human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), 23 cycles of clomiphene citrate-hMG-hCG (CHH) were administered to 10 anovulatory women. Of these 10 women, 5 also received 15 cycles of hMG-hCG (HH). Although there was a significant increase in the ovulation rate in the CHH group (p less than 0.01), there was no difference in the pregnancy rate (p less than 0.05). Patients in the CHH group required significantly less hMG for ovulation induction than the HH group (p less than 0.01). Patients receiving CHH who had low serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone required significantly more hMG than those with normal values. The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone test may predict those patients who will require less hMG during CHH therapy. The relative safety of the CHH treatment is discussed. PMID- 6788607 TI - Induction of ovulation and pregnancy in a pituitary dwarf. AB - Females with pituitary dwarfism of the multiple pituitary hormone deficiency form have ovarian failure due to hypogonadotropism which would be expected to respond favorably to human gonadotropin treatment. This is a description of a pituitary dwarf in whom pregnancy was achieved with gonadotropin therapy; its progress was followed regularly by hormone assays. PMID- 6788608 TI - Responses of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin to prolonged administration of the dopamine antagonist in normal women and women with low-weight amenorrhea. AB - The responses of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin to prolonged administration of the dopamine receptor antagonist metoclopramide (5 mg twice daily) were investigated in six normal women and six women with low weight amenorrhea (LWA). In contrast to the normal group, the LWA group showed no significant changes in the mean basal prolactin level or the mean prolactin response to stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone, but there was an significant elevation of the mean net increase in luteinizing hormone after stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone. On the basis of these data, the possibility of increased central dopaminergic activity in women with LWA is discussed. PMID- 6788609 TI - Factors affecting sperm motility. VI. Sperm viability under the influence of bacterial growth in human ejaculates. AB - The influence of bacterial growth on human sperm motility and viability was evaluated objectively with the multiple-exposure photography method. Experimental semen specimens, obtained from normal donors bh nonaseptic means of masturbation, were incubated with antibiotics at room temperature or body temperature for 24 hours. Although bacteria, grew in control specimens, were totally eradicated in all antibiotic-treated specimens, no significant difference was found between these groups with regard to sperm motility throughout the time of incubation. Sperm survival was not inhibited, nor was it extended as a result of suppression of bacterial growth. In both groups, survival time was much shorter in specimens incubated at body temperature than in those kept at room temperature. Sperm motility was not affected after 2 hours of incubation of fresh specimens with concentrations of various pathogenic bacteria similar to those found in severe prostatitis. The question of whether the use of antibiotics in the treatment of asthenospermia per se has a prognostic value is discussed. PMID- 6788610 TI - Dihydrotestosterone causes reversible infertility in male rats. AB - Dihydrotestosterone released continuously from a subcutaneously implanted Silastic elastomer was more potent than testosterone in reducing circulating gonadotropin and androgen concentrations and in inducing testicular atrophy and infertility despite normal ejaculatory function as judged by the presence of vaginal plugs in cage mates. All effects were reversible. Thus quantities of dihydrotestosterone which reduce circulating gonadotropin concentrations suffice to maintain the weights of accessory sex organs but not spermatogenesis. That the latter is possible with higher doses even in the complete absence of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (state after hypophysectomy) has been shown by others. PMID- 6788611 TI - Treatment of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: the physiologic basis for a modified approach. AB - A case of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) secondary to human menopausal gonadotropin-human chorionic gonadotropin therapy is presented. Draining 4000 ml of exudate by abdominal paracentesis under real-time B-scan imaging induced a marked improvement in the patient's condition. Fluids from the third space were rapidly excreted, renal function improved, and the patient's weight decreased substantially. The underlying physiologic factors responsible for these changes are discussed. Other modes of treatment, including salt and water restriction and the use of volume expanders and diuretics, had no significant effect on the course of the syndrome. Paracentesis has a definite therapeutic value and is recommended in cases of OHSS with tense ascites. PMID- 6788612 TI - Suppression of spermatogenesis in patients with Behcet's disease treated with cyclophosphamide and colchicine. AB - Reproductive function was studied in 31 adult male patients with Behcet's disease during treatment with cyclophosphamide and/or colchicine for 1 to 64 months. Semen was obtained from 27 patients. Azoospermia or severe oligospermia was found in 13 of 17 patients receiving cyclophosphamide with or without colchicine, whereas the sperm count was almost normal in six patients treated with colchicine alone and in four patients receiving neither drug (control patients). Blood samples were available for 31 patients. The mean follicle-stimulating hormone level among 12 cyclophosphamide-treated patients was significantly higher than that of 6 colchicine-treated patients and 6 control patients. These results indicate that cyclophosphamide impairs spermatogenesis in adult men, whereas colchicine does not. PMID- 6788613 TI - Chromosomal variants and male fertility. AB - One hundred and forty-seven healthy men were investigated to determine whether there was an association between chromosomal variants and decreased fertility. Modern chromosome banding techniques detected normal variant karyotypes in 22 (15%) of these men. The fertility parameters of the 125 men with 46,XY karyotype were compared with those of the 22 men in the variant group. Analysis of the results showed that the two groups were not biologically different with respect to semen analysis and reproductive hormone levels. PMID- 6788614 TI - [Gas composition of the blood of rabbits in a hyperbaric environment]. PMID- 6788615 TI - [Skin manifestations of phakomatosis]. PMID- 6788616 TI - The influence off an acyl-amino-alcyl-benzoic acid (HB 699) on biosynthesis and secretion of insulin in isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - HB 699 belongs to a new class of hypoglycaemic agents, the acyl-amino-alcyl benzoic acids. Its influence on bion-synthesis and secretion of insulin was studied in collagenase-isolated rat islets. During incubations for 3 hours together with 3H-leucine at 1 and 2 mg/ml glucose, HB 699 (10 micrograms/ml) reduced biosynthesis of proinsulin and insulin (3H-leucine incorporation), whereas insulin release was stimulated. During an incubation period of 2 hours in the absence of glucose, insulin release was enhanced both by HB 699 (50 micrograms/ml) and glibenclamide (10 micrograms/ml). At 1 mg/ml glucose, no additive or potentiating effect of HB 699 to that of glibenclamide was found regarding insulin release. When calcium ions were omitted insulin output in the presence of HB 699 and glucose was reduced. In conclusion, HB 699, although not belonging to the class of sulfonylureas, behaves very similar to these drugs concerning its influence on insulin biosynthesis and secretion in vitro. It acts as an initiator of insulin release, involving probably similar mechanisms as sulfonylureas do. PMID- 6788617 TI - Minor haemoglobin fractions in uraemic and in diabetic patients. AB - Using a high resolution automated chromatographic method, the levels of the different minor haemoglobins Hb A1a, A1b, and A1c were measured in 20 healthy controls, in 20 patients with chronic renal failure, in 20 uraemic patients on intermittent haemodialysis, and in 20 insulin-dependent diabetic patients. In uraemic non haemodialysed patients, the levels of the three minor fractions were increased significantly. The two fractions Hb A1b and A1c were normalised subsequent to haemodialysis, whereas the level of Hb A1a was higher in the haemodialysed than in the uraemic non haemodialysed group. In both groups of uraemic patients, no correlation was found between the minor Hb fractions and the corresponding serum creatinine, uric acid, urea, phosphorus, bicarbonate and blood glucose levels. In diabetic patients, the three minor fractions were increased. As expected, Hb A1c and glucose concentrations were tightly correlated. No correlation was found between blood glucose levels and Hb A1a, whereas a correlation existed between blood glucose levels and Hb A1b. It is concluded that the increase of minor haemoglobin fractions in renal failure does not only reflect the glucose intolerance. Renal failure itself causes an increase of the three minor fractions. Overall assay of the minor haemoglobin components (Hb A1) may lead to misinterpretation in case of diabetic patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6788619 TI - Helper T-cell-replacing factors and T-cell-growth factors produced by concanavalin A-stimulated and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mouse spleen cells. AB - Variables affecting helper factor induction by two T-cell mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM), were examined. It was found that both factors are capable of reconstituting T-cell-dependent antibody response as well as enhancing mitogen-stimulated thymocyte proliferation. Detectable factor production is obtained within 6-12 h of culture; Con A factor production reaches a peak usually around 24 h, while no factor activity is detectable after 72 h of culture period. PWM factor production persists throughout 72 h of culture. Con A factor production can be rescued at culture periods beyond 24 or 48 h by using supraoptimal Con A doses. Con A factor, if incubated at 37 degrees C under cell free conditions in a serum-free medium, shows a rapid rate of decay; in the presence of cells the decay is considerably reduced. PMID- 6788618 TI - Angiotensin-II sensitivity and prostaglandin-synthetase inhibition in pregnancy. AB - Angiotensin-II sensitivity was measured with a standardized test in 8 healthy nonpregnant females and in 14 healthy primigravid women. In the primigravid women the effective pressor dose (EPD), i.e. the minimal dose of angiotensin-II (A-II) necessary for a rise in diastolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg, was 17.1 +/- 5.7. This is significantly higher than the EPD in the control group (5.2 +/- 1.2). The pregnant patients were also tested 75 min after a 50 mg indomethacine suppository, which produced a decrease of the EPD of 9.5 +/- 3.0, a fall of 44%. None of the 7 patients tested between 28 and 32 wk of gestation developed pregnancy-induced hypertension. They all had a normal EPD. It may be concluded that (1) A-II sensitivity is decreased in pregnancy, and (2) vascular reactivity in pregnancy is at least in part mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 6788620 TI - Reconstructive microsurgery of the fallopian tube with the carbon dioxide laser - procedures and preliminary results. AB - In 1974 the carbon dioxide laser was adapted to the operating microscope for reconstructive pelvic surgery. A protocol was designed to test the efficacy of this surgical modality and a new study begun. Complete documentation of laparoscopic findings, surgical technique, and pre- and post-operative hysterosalpingograms are kept on videotape. One hundred cases will be entered into this study. Patency and pregnancy failures will be compared with patency and pregnancy successes to determine, if possible, the reasons for failure. In this paper detailed descriptions of the surgical techniques employed in the first 61 cases are presented. PRELIMINARY RESULTS in terms of patency and pregnancy experience to date are reported. PRELIMINARY RESULTS: Eighty-two couples have been evaluated at the Reproductive Biology Unit. Sixty-one cases have undergone fertility enhancement laser microsurgery and/or interim medical management prior to surgery for infertility. Bilateral patency or patency of the only existing fallopian tube was demonstrated post-treatment in 93% or 57 of the cases. Eliminating those cases who are not at risk of pregnancy due to elective contraception or medical prohibition during Danocrine therapy (28), conception has occurred in 10 of 33 patients. This represents approximately one of every three patients at risk. Considering the limited exposure to pregnancy, these results are very encouraging. PMID- 6788621 TI - The immunochemical identification of a thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase (glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase) in pancreatic islets. AB - Pancreatic islets contained insulin-degrading activity that was completely removed by antisera to purified microsomal thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase from rat liver. In Ouchterlony double-diffusion experiments with these antisera, extracts of islet homogenates showed a single precipitation band of identity with the purified liver enzyme. Two dimensional immunoelectrophoresis also gave a single precipitate peak like that of the liver enzyme. The concentration of the enzyme in rat islets as determined by quantitation of the precipitates obtained in the electroimmunodiffusion analysis was in the order of 1.0% of total islet protein. The results suggest that, in vitro, cleavage of insulin into its polypeptide chains is catalyzed by the thiol-protein disulfide oxidoreductase. This enzyme promoting thiol-protein disulfide inter-change may be important for regulating the content of pancreatic insulin. PMID- 6788622 TI - Control of estrogen synthesis in the testis of the infant rat by FSH and androgen. AB - The experiments studied the ability of androgens to stimulate in vivo the production of estradiol by the testes of the 12-day-old rat as well as interactions between FSH and androgens in this regard. The content of testosterone and estradiol in the testes was measured by RIA of methanolic extracts which were purified on columns of Sephadex LH-20. It was found that androstenedione, testosterone and 19-hydroxytestosterone were able to stimulate estradiol formation in the testes; the response was optimal 3 h after s.c. injection. The stimulatory effect was absent after injection of 5 alpha-reduced androgens. It was concluded that the ability of a single injection of androgen to increase the content of estradiol in the testes was due to provision of additional substrate for aromatization by the Sertoli and/or Leydig cells. Priming of rats for 2 days with testosterone (60 microgram/g bw daily) resulted in a reduction of concentration of LH and FSH in plasma and was associated with an inhibition of the estradiol response to a subsequent injection of testosterone. If priming with testosterone was followed by an injection of FSH, more estradiol was formed than when the FSH injection was preceded by an oil or dihydrotestosterone priming regimen. It was concluded that the inhibition of testosterone-induced aromatization noted after testosterone priming was due to low gonadotropin secretion rather than a direct effect on the testis and that priming of the infant rat with androgen enhanced the response to FSH because such treatment provided additional substrate for aromatization. PMID- 6788623 TI - Monoclonal antibody to human fibronectin: production and characterization using human muscle cultures. PMID- 6788624 TI - The interaction of living boar sperm and sperm plasma membrane vesicles with the porcine zona pellucida. PMID- 6788625 TI - Excreted adenosine is a cell density signal for the initiation of fruiting body formation in Myxococcus xanthus. PMID- 6788626 TI - Chemical and immunological characterization of proteoglycans of embryonic chick calvaria. PMID- 6788627 TI - Rapid changes in gene expression in differentiating tissues of Drosophila. PMID- 6788628 TI - Mutations causing pattern deficiencies and duplications in the imaginal wing disk of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6788629 TI - Deficits in spatial memory performance induced by early undernutrition. AB - Recent studies have shown that rats have a remarkable ability to keep track of their spatial location. Explanations stress the involvement of a form of short term (working) memory in which the hippocampus appears to play a major role. The hippocampus appears to be vulnerable to early undernutrition and preliminary investigations indicate that Areas CA3 and CA4 suffer the most. Ninety-day-old rats, previously undernourished prenatally and throughout lactation, were tested in an 8- and, then, a 16-arm radial maze. Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups on both tests, especially in the 16 arm maze. Error distributions were also significantly different with experimental animals tending to perseverate in 1 area of the maze. Differences were also observed in the time taken to make the choices and in exploratory behavior. We conclude that early undernutrition affected the spatial learning ability of the animals and that this may be due to the distortions observed in the normal growth pattern of the hippocampus. PMID- 6788630 TI - Alterations of maternal behaviors of female rats caring for malnourished pups. AB - The maternal care received by rat pups malnourished by being rotated between lactating females and nonlactating foster mothers was examined. During the 1st 2 weeks after birth there were no differences in maternal care, but during the 3rd week females caring for pups fed only 8 hr daily nursed more and built better nests than females caring for pups fed 16 or 24 hr. These differences in maternal care may interact with and diminish any effects of nutritional deprivation in the pups. PMID- 6788631 TI - Type II diabetes and insulin resistance. Evidence of lack of inherent cellular defects in insulin sensitivity. AB - To determine if inherent cellular differences in insulin sensitivity account for the insulin resistance of non-insulin-dependent diabetes, the effect of insulin on several aspects of cell glucose metabolism was compared in fibroblasts from diabetics and matched nondiabetic controls. The response of total cell glucose metabolism to insulin was assessed by measurement of 14C-glucose uptake. Insulin stimulated cell glucose incorporation in nondiabetic cells up to twofold with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 3 X 10(-9) M insulin. This was similar to that observed in diabetic cells. Insulin stimulation of I glycogen synthase activity was also compared in the cells from diabetics and nondiabetics. Both groups demonstrated a threefold increase in %I activity in the presence of insulin with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 2 X 10(-9) M. There were no differences between diabetics and nondiabetics in either magnitude of response or insulin concentration for half-maximal stimulation. Finally, insulin stimulation of hexose transport was compared in the two cell types using 2 deoxyglucose. In both groups hexose transport was elevated approximately 40% over baseline in the fibroblast in the presence of insulin, with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 2 X 10(-9) M insulin. No differences were found in insulin action on glucose metabolism in fibroblasts form diabetics and nondiabetics; these results may indicate that there are no inherent differences in cell sensitivity to insulin's glucoregulatory action in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 6788632 TI - Change in hair colour induced by valproic acid. PMID- 6788633 TI - The effect of the topical steroid clobetasone butyrate on coeliac mucosa maintained in organ culture. AB - The effect of the topical corticosteroid clobetasone butyrate on enzyme activity and morphology of duodenal mucosa was studied in 9 patients with coeliac disease and 10 controls using organ culture techniques. There was significant increase in mucosal alkaline phosphatase, lactase and maltase activities, but inclusion of a soluble extract of gluten reduced this effect. When clobetasone butyrate was also included in the culture medium significant elevations in enzymes were again observed. Enterocyte height was not affected by incorporation of gluten into the medium. Intra-epithelial lymphocyte counts fell significantly during the culture period. This improvement was also inhibited by gluten and overcome by addition of steroid. PMID- 6788634 TI - Current concepts of Total Parenteral Nutrition. PMID- 6788635 TI - Hepatotoxicity from Depakene. PMID- 6788636 TI - [Prolonged outpatient parenteral nutrition in cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788637 TI - [Diffuse intramural esophageal pseudodiverticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788638 TI - Medication bezoar: intestinal obstruction by an isocal bezoar. Case report and review of the literature. AB - Medications may occasionally obstruct the gastrointestinal tract by virtue of their physical mass. Obturative obstruction of the alimentary tract is reportedly caused by an increasing number of medications, including hydroscopic bulk laxatives, cholestyramine, nonabsorbable antacids, and vitamin C tablets. Inspissated Isocal tube feedings caused jejunal obstruction in a postoperative patient. Medication bezoars are a rare cause of intestinal obstruction that may result in significant patient morbidity, including bowel necrosis, perforation, and peritonitis. The radiographic appearance may mimic an abdominal abscess. PMID- 6788639 TI - Visualization of the liver with 99mTc-EHDP in thalassemia major. AB - A case is reported in which substantial liver uptake of 99mTc-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (99mTC-EHDP) was seen on bone scan. The patient, a 25-year-old male with the diagnosis of thalassemia major made at the age of 3 years, had received regular blood transfusions over many years. Clinical and laboratory evidence of hemosiderosis suggests that the presence of large quantities of iron in the liver of this patient may have been responsible for the hepatic uptake of the bone scanning agent. PMID- 6788640 TI - Cyclic (nocturnal) total parenteral nutrition in hospitalized adult patients with severe digestive diseases. Report of a prospective study. PMID- 6788641 TI - [Posterior hypothalamic region in Ovis aries L. I. Mammilary body nucleus]. AB - In the present study, the cytoarchitectonic structure of the nuclei of the mamillary body has been studied on 4 age groups of Merino sheep and the following has been found: There is a significant intraspecific variability in the construction of mamillary body. Some of the animals studied have odd others paired mamillary bodies. Variability has been stated in the formation of the medial mamillary nucleus. The topographical relation of the mamillary nuclei to other hypothalamic structures during postnatal development did not change. Only the rostro-caudal length of the nuclei could be examined as changed. The quantity of Nissl substance increased in the cells of both mamillary nuclei studied which is related to maturation of the animals. Increased amounts of glial cells were observed during the postnatal period. PMID- 6788642 TI - [Sublingual structures in primates. Part 1: Prosimiae, Platyrrhini and Cercopithecinae]. AB - 1. The sublingual structures of primates have been studied light-microscopically. There are 3 different sublingual structures in the species studied. The plica sublingualis occurs in all primates. The sublingual organ is a topographically modified plica sublingualis which occurs exclusively in Callicebus. A sublingua is present only in the prosimians. 2. The plica sublingualis contains the excretory ducts of the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. The sublingua is ventrally adherent to the body of the tongue and is, with a few exceptions in Tupaia, characterized by a skeleton of cartilage tissue. A sublingua never exhibits excretory ducts or salivary glands. 3. In some Platyrrhini (Ateles, Aotus, Lagothrix, Alouatta, Callicebus), there are taste buds in the epithelium of the plica sublingualis. They are especially concentrated near the orifices of the salivary glands. 4. The fresh saliva of the submandibular and sublingual gland can be tested by the taste buds on the plica sublingualis, because there is a topographical coincidence. 5. There is a complete absence of taste buds at the plica sublingualis of the prosimians and the Cercopithecinae. 6. There are no taste buds in the epithelium of the sublingua. In the Lorisiformes and in the Lemuriformes the sublingua is a cleaning device of the anterior dentition, most probably in connection with a tactile sensibility. In the Tupaiformes and in the Tarsiiformes the sublingua is less developed. 7. There is no anatomical connection between the skeleton of cartilage tissue in the sublingua and the lytta, or the skeleton of the hyoideum. 8. In some Cercopithecinae (Macaca, Papio) a glandula apicis linguae is present. PMID- 6788643 TI - Manganese-induced contraction in K+-depolarized rat uterine smooth muscle. PMID- 6788644 TI - Factors affecting the contribution of the catecholamine activated electrogenic sodium pump to the membrane potential of rat soleus muscle fibers. PMID- 6788645 TI - Changes in renal function associated with paraquat dichloride toxicity in the domestic fowl. PMID- 6788646 TI - Diurnal variations of plasma FSH, LH, and testosterone in male ring doves kept under different photoperiods. PMID- 6788647 TI - [Demonstration of dominant lethal mutations in early mouse embryogenesis]. AB - Male mice of C57Bl/6Y strain were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 and 5 mg/kg doses of thioTEPA. Males were mated to tetrahybrid CBWA females during the second week after the treatment. Embryonic mortality was studied by two methods: by standard dominant lethal method on the 15-17th day of pregnancy and cytologically on the 4th day. The rate of fertilization was not affected by thioTEPA. After treatment with 2.5 mg/kg of thioTEPA the frequency of induced dominant lethals was 89.8%; preimplantation losses were 78,5% in treated and 13,8% in control group. The cytological analysis revealed that preimplantation embryonic death is equal to 63,9%. The death of embryos before implantation occurred at 2-20 blastomere stages. After treatment with 5 mg/kg of thioTEPA all embryos died before implantation at 2-16 blastomere stages. It was demonstrated that dominant lethal method gave more complete estimation of dominant lethal frequency, and that cytological analysis is the correct estimation of preimplantation death. Thus the methods used supplement each other. PMID- 6788648 TI - [Effect of the dynamic factors of space flight on the mutagenic effect of radiation. II. Development of recessive lethals and loss of X-chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster oocytes]. AB - The modifying effect of dynamic space-flight factors on radiation damage of Drosophila oocytes was measured by the frequencies of X-chromosomal non disjunction, loss and sex-linked recessive lethals. It has been shown that with a slight increase in the non-disjunction frequency, dynamic factors did not influence the frequency of loss events in irradiated oocytes. The yield of recessive lethal mutations increased in irradiated oocytes-7 both upon pre- and postradiation action of dynamic factors. A similar increase in the frequency of recessive lethals was observed after an additional action of acceleration on irradiated oocytes. It is assumed that the modifying effect of dynamic factors is associated with repair repression at early stages of radiation damage. PMID- 6788649 TI - [Plasmid DNA transduction in Bacillus subtilis]. AB - Transduction of Bacillus subtilis pUB110 plasmid by AR9 phage is described. Some aspects of this process are studied. Plasmid transduction depended on multiplicity of infection similar to cases of chromosomal markers transduction, though optimal multiplicity of infection was achieved using low number of phage particles. No cotransduction of plasmid and chromosomal markers was demonstrated. The transduction frequencies of plasmid and chromosomal markers increased after UV irradiation of phage suspensions within the range of definite doses. PMID- 6788650 TI - [101/H line mice, a possible model of human chromosomal instability diseases]. AB - Chromosome aberrations were studied in cells of embryo liver of 101/H and CBA mice following mutagenic treatment with the alkylating agent--thiophosphamide. Higher sensitivity of chromosomes to aberration induction was found in 101/H mice. After crossing thiophosphamide treated 101/H and CBA males to untreated 101/H and CBA females, the lowest output of dominant lethal mutations was found in the progeny of 101/H females. It is suggested that the 101/H mice are a possible model of inherited diseases with chromosomal instability. PMID- 6788651 TI - [Phenotypic properties of Escherichia coli K-12 purine auxotrophs with disordered synthesis of guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferases]. AB - Purine auxotrophs of Escherichia coli completely blocked for reutilization of guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine via phosphoribosiltransferase reactions (purD hpt gpt) were studied. They lost the ability to utilize inosine as the source of carbon and purines though retained the purine nucleoside phosphorilase activity. The bacteria of this genotype were also found to be sensitive to leucine, despite the presence of relA+ allele. These phenotypic properties of the purD hpt gpt bacteria were suppressed by the introduction of cya mutation which affects cAMP synthesis into their genome. It has been shown that exogenous cAMP inhibits growth of purD hpt gpt (cya+) bacteria and this has been considered to suggest that purD hpt gpt cya bacteria have an increased pool of purine nucleotides as a consequence of a decrease in the catabolite-sensitive genes activity. PMID- 6788652 TI - [Thiophosphamide sensitivity of lymphocyte chromosomes of children with hereditary amino acid metabolic diseases]. PMID- 6788653 TI - [Analysis of somatic mosaicism in the Drosophila melanogaster radiosensitive mutant rad(2)201G1]. AB - Using heterozygosity for bw mutations, the frequency of somatic mosaicism has been studied in Drosophila melanogaster flies, homozygous for radiosensitive mutation, rad(2)201G1, and in those not carrying the mutation. Data obtained for control and after irradiation of larvae with 150, 450 and 750 R showed that homozygotes for the rad(2)201G1 were characterized by elevated levels of both spontaneous and induced mosaicism. PMID- 6788654 TI - [Antibacterial properties of amniotic fluid in relation to selected bacterial strains]. PMID- 6788655 TI - [Effect of gonadotropin releasing hormone, clomide and L-dopa on the secretion of chorionic gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin in the first trimester of uncomplicated pregnancy]. PMID- 6788656 TI - Assessment of the accuracy of segmental perfusion under an occluding balloon for measuring the intrajejunal secretion of albumin and immunoglobulin A. AB - The suitability was investigated of the segmental perfusion technique under an occluding balloon (which prevents the contamination of the test segment by upper digestive secretions and pancreatic proteolytic enzymes) for measuring immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum albumin outputs into the jejunal lumen. The influence of the perfusion rate and of the transintestinal water movements in the 40 cm long test segment was studied in 11 healthy subjects. IgA and serum albumin outputs did not differ significantly when the same isotonic solution was perfused at rates of 5 or 10 ml/min, nor when water absorption was stimulated by the presence of glucose. A possible artefact linked to intestinal wall distension by the occluding balloon was evaluated in eight subjects with complete exocrine pancreas insufficiency. IgA and serum albumin outputs obtained under the occluding balloon were compared with those found with the triple non-occlusive method. Care was taken to achieve a similar flow rate and solute composition of the fluid entering the test segments with both techniques in each subject. Under these conditions, IgA and serum albumin outputs measured with both methods did not differ significantly. These findings validate the use of the segmental perfusion technique under an occluding balloon to measure IgA and serum albumin outputs into the human small intestine. PMID- 6788657 TI - Adjuvant hormone therapy of primary endometrial carcinoma with oxyprogesterone caproate. PMID- 6788659 TI - Release of a microsomal antigen following renal transplantation. PMID- 6788658 TI - Effects of glycine on serum gonadotropins and estradiol and on concentrations of free amino acids in the middle hypothalamus in female rats. AB - The effects of glycine on serum gonadotropins and estradiol (E2) and on concentrations of free amino acids in the middle hypothalamus have been studied in diestrus-1 rats. 20 min after intraperitoneal administration, glycine in doses of 50 and 100 mg had no significant effect on serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, but 200 mg significantly elevated serum LH levels. Glycine in doses of 50 200 mg had no effect on serum follicle-stimulating hormone levels at 20 min after intraperitoneal injection. 200 mg of glycine significantly elevated serum LH levels at 20 and 50 min and serum E2 levels at 50 and 80 min after intraperitoneal injection. The effects were maximal at 20 min after injection for LH and at 50 min after injection for E2. 20 min after intraperitoneal injection, 200 mg of glycine significantly increased the concentration of glycine in the middle hypothalamus, but had no effect on the concentrations of the other free acidic and neutral amino acids in the middle hypothalamus. These results suggest that glycine may play a role in the neural regulation of LH secretion. PMID- 6788660 TI - A blood component program for the treatment of surgical haemorrhage and its potential for national supplies of albumin and factor VIII. AB - For medical as well as logistic reasons, the importance of blood component therapy is rapidly increasing. The use of red cell concentrates in conjunction with an appropriate plasma substitute for the treatment of surgical haemorrhage "liberates" substantial quantities of plasma for the fractionation to derivatives, among which albumin and factor VIII are particularly needed. The experience obtained in Berne with the application of this principle is presented and its implications for the coverage of national demands for albumin and factor VIII are discussed. PMID- 6788661 TI - Sarcoidosis associated with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria red cell abnormality. AB - A 29-year-old male with sarcoidosis autoimmune haemolytic anaemia and paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria is described. Throughout his illness the chest films showed fibrosis in the right hilar region and he had had several pneumonias in the right lung. He had had massive splenomegaly and a splenectomy was performed. He was treated with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. Because his blood group was initially confused, several incompatible blood transfusions were given. Two types of antibody were detected: an autoantibody with "s" specificity and an alloantibody with Rh "D" specificity. Other interesting features in this case revealed at autopsy were a viral pneumonia and Toxoplasma gondii infection of the brain. As far as we know, this is the first reported patient with this unusual association. PMID- 6788662 TI - [Gonococcal perihepatitis]. PMID- 6788663 TI - [Oral disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of systemic mastocytosis]. PMID- 6788665 TI - Large-scale growth in health dollars attracts attention of for-profit sector. PMID- 6788664 TI - Hormone serum levels during oral cimetidine treatment of patients with peptic ulcers. AB - Radioimmunoassayable basal serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (hPRL), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were estimated in a total of 68 patients, who were treated because of peptic ulcer with 1 g cimetidine per day. 37 patients were male and 31 were female subjects, respectively. Hormone serum levels were assayed before and 4 to 6 weeks after start of therapy. A significant increase of LH serum levels (p less than 0.025) and a significant decrease of hPRL (p less than 0.025) was noted in the male subjects during therapy. Similarly, a decrease of hPRL serum levels (p less than 0.001) was registered in the female subjects during treatment with 1 g cimetidine per day. All other hormone serum levels in both female and male subjects remained unchanged. The present data combine to suggest that 1 g cimetidine per day does not provoke hyperprolactinemia. In addition, cimetidine at the dose used does not interfere with other hormones of the hypothalamus pituitary-gonadal axis and therefore, cannot be considered, responsible for endocrine disorders during treatment with cimetidine. PMID- 6788666 TI - Antiviral agents: clinical status report. AB - Recently, the clinical focus in antiviral chemotherapy has been on the use of ara A in herpes infections-HSV encephalitis, zoster in the immunosuppressed, and neonatal herpes. In this last article of a four-part series, the authors review clinical studies that have to date led to the licensing of ara-A for HSV encephalitis but have not yet clearly defined its role in the immunosuppressed or in neonates. PMID- 6788667 TI - Korczak: pediatrician on the road to hell. PMID- 6788668 TI - Intractable syncope. PMID- 6788669 TI - Chronic school absence. PMID- 6788670 TI - How did it all begin and where will it all end? PMID- 6788671 TI - The case of the rapid irregular multiform tachycardia. PMID- 6788672 TI - Early recognition of Parkinson's disease. AB - With the advent of pharmacotherapy, management of Parkinson's disease shifted in large measure to the primary care physician. With this shift has come the opportunity for the recognition of premonitory signs and early detection of the disease. Although the progression of parkinsonism is probably relentless, early supportive care often can markedly enhance the ability of patient and family to cope. PMID- 6788673 TI - Immunologic aspects of cancer. AB - Work in progress should produce within the next few years a better understanding of the nature of immune responses to human cancer antigens. Studies to date, notably with melanomas, have shown that many, perhaps most, are immunogenic. However, the antibodies elicited are often not specific to tumor antigens. At this point, neither uncritical optimism no paralyzing pessimism is justified. PMID- 6788674 TI - Diagnostic procedures in bronchopulmonary diseases. PMID- 6788675 TI - Population screening for the human adult lactase phenotypes with a multiple breath version of the breath hydrogen test. AB - Lactose tolerance tests with conventional blood glucose determination and with breath hydrogen analysis after storage of breath samples in aluminium aerosol cans were simultaneously performed in 60 healthy adult subjects. Both tests were equally reliable in the diagnosis of the lactase phenotype in healthy persons. In subjects with decreased glucose metabolism the breath hydrogen test seems to be more reliable than the blood glucose test. Provisions for storing breath samples for up to several weeks, avoidance of invasive procedures and insensitivity of glucose absorbed during the test make the present version of the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen determination particularly suitable for population studies. PMID- 6788676 TI - Distribution of the lactase phenotypes in the population of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. AB - The distribution of the adult lactase phenotypes, lactose absorption, and lactose malabsorption, was determined by a field version of the hydrogen breath test for disaccharide absorption in a sample of 563 subjects residing in the Democratic Republic of the Sudan. Relatively high proportions of lactose absorption were found in the northern nomadic groups who rely heavily on dairying for their livelihood. Residential Nile valley populations revealed intermediate frequencies of the two phenotypes whereas the negroid populations of the south exhibited a high prevalence of lactose malabsorption irrespective of their economic status with respect to agriculture and dairying. The frequency of the "hypolactasia allele" ranged between 0.6 and 0.87 in the major regional groups. PMID- 6788677 TI - pH-dependent unfolding of glucoamylase from rabbit small intestine by methanol. PMID- 6788678 TI - Purification & properties of valyl-tRNA synthetase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. PMID- 6788679 TI - Comparative immunochemical studies on fungal glucoamylases. PMID- 6788680 TI - Lack of evidence for IgM-induced ADCC: studies with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. AB - Different kinds of IgM antibodies were tested for their activity in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC): firstly an anti-benzylpenicilloyl (BPO) IgM antibody from immune rabbit serum purified by affinity, ion exchange, and molecular-sieving chromatography, secondly two monoclonal rat anti-BPO IgM antibodies and thirdly a human antidextran antibody prepared from a patient showing restriction of anti-dextran antibodies to the IgM class. Human lymphocytes or purified monocytes served as effector cells. While the two monoclonal rat and the human IgM antibodies showed no ADCC-mediating capacity, ADCC was induced by the rabbit anti-BPO IgM antibody when high antibody concentrations were used. This activity was abolished by further purification using an anti-rabbit IgG (Fc) immunosorbent. The initially observed activity was shown to be likely due to traces of aggregated anti-BPO IgG, which cannot be detected by the methods commonly used. Preincubation of lymphocytes for 24 hr increased the number of EA (IgM)] rosette forming cells but failed to induce IgM mediated ADCC. Furthermore, evidence for amplification of low-dose IgG-ADCC by IgM could not be found. PMID- 6788682 TI - Free immunoglobulin light chain synthesis by human foetal liver and cord blood lymphocytes. AB - Immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis by immature B lymphocytes from human foetal liver and cord blood has been investigated. Seven out of fifteen preparations of foetal liver cells and eight out of eleven cord bloods synthesized Ig detectable by biosynthetic labelling. All cultures of foetal lymphocytes with detectable Ig synthesis secreted free light chain. Two of these cases also synthesized free mu heavy chain. Cord blood lymphocyte synthesis patterns were variable ranging from free light chain as the only secreted Ig product to balanced synthesis of heavy and light chains. No cord blood cultures synthesized detectable free mu chains. Free Ig-light-chain synthesis appears to be associated with normal immature B lymphocytes and the results are discussed in relation to the B-cell differentiation pathway. PMID- 6788681 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to Listeria monocytogenes in rats decomplemented with cobra factor and in C5-deficient mice. AB - The in vivo effect of cobra factor (CoF), the complement-activating protein of cobra (Naja naja) venom, was investigated, using quantifiable assays for localization of labelled donor lymphoblasts and of host macrophages in intraperitoneal and subcutaneous sites of injection of antigens from Listeria monocytogenes. Both commercially available (Cordis) and highly purified CoF impaired these inflammatory responses, suggesting that the complement-activating protein was itself responsible rather than lymphocytotoxic or other contaminants. CoF had no measurable effect on lymphoblast localization during the first 7 hr, and only a slight effect at 24 hr, whereas macrophage accumulation was reduced by about 50% at 24 hr. This suggests that CoF treatment affected non-specific components of the early inflammatory reaction but had little or no effect on the subsequent immunospecific reaction. The effect of CoF on macrophages may be direct, or via depletion of complement components acting on macrophages, such as factor B and/or C3 or fragments thereof. It does not seem to involve the terminal complement components, C5--C9, since neither delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) nor cellular resistance to Listeria was reduced in C5-deficient mice when compared with C5-sufficient congenic controls. PMID- 6788683 TI - Effects of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide on phagocytosis and digestion of Listeria monocytogenes by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Listeria monocytogenes was labelled with [3H]-thymidine and phagocytosis in vivo, measured after the intraperitoneal injection of killed or viable listeria. The loss of intracellular radioactivity after incubation in vitro was used as a measure for digestion. Killing was assessed by counting the numbers of viable listeria before and after in vitro incubation. Peritoneal macrophages from mice immunized with viable listeria showed better phagocytosis and digestion of both killed and viable listeria than macrophages from normal mice. Viable listeria were digested to a lesser degree than killed ones by both normal and immune macrophages. The simultaneous injection of the surfactant dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA) with killed or viable listeria greatly depressed the digestion of listeria. Phagocytosis of viable listeria was not affected whereas that of killed listeria was slightly enhanced. The injection of 10(8) killed listeria mixed with DDA greatly impaired the digestion of viable listeria 7 days but not 1 day after injection. The impairment of digestion was accompanied by an increase in the number of intracellular viable listeria. PMID- 6788684 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human syncytiotrophoblast. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, NDOG1 and NDOG2, have been produced which are directed towards human syncytiotrophoblast. The antigens detected by these antibodies are absent from human liver, heart, kidney, brain and from normal human sera. The NDOG1 antigen but not NDOG2 antigen is a component of pregnancy sera and falls to undetectable levels within 6 hours of placental delivery. This molecule is not human chorionic gonadotrophin, human placental lactogen, placental alkaline phosphatase. SP1 or PAPP-A. Immunoperoxidase staining shows that both antigens are on apical aspects of the syncytiotrophoblast and not in the villous stroma. PMID- 6788685 TI - A comparison of fluorescein isothiocyanate and lissamine rhodamine (RB 200) as labels for antibody in the fluorescent antibody technique. PMID- 6788686 TI - Biochemical composition of brain in young rhesus monkey with protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6788687 TI - Cromolyn sodium therapy in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6788689 TI - Study of plasma zinc protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6788688 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6788690 TI - Study of plasma copper in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6788691 TI - Prolactin and cortisol in hypoalbuminemia. PMID- 6788695 TI - Hurler-Scheie compound-a variant of MPS-i (MPS-i H/S) (A case report). PMID- 6788692 TI - Protein energy malnutrition among pre-school children in a rural community of Manipur. PMID- 6788693 TI - Protein energy malnutrition in Madurai part I: causes of precipitation. PMID- 6788694 TI - Protein energy malnutrition in Madurai part II: symptoms associated with vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6788696 TI - Influence of mucoid coating on clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from lungs. AB - Pulmonary infection with mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in present in the majority of cystic fibrosis patients with chronic lung disease. It has been postulated that this mucoid coating may act to decrease lung clearance of Pseudomonas by limiting access of phagocytes, antibodies, and antibiotics to the bacteria. To determine whether mucoid coating of Pseudomonas might decrease intrapulmonary killing, groups of guinea pigs were infected with intrabronchial instillations of equivalent numbers of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas. For this study, mucoid strains of Pseudomonas were obtained from cystic fibrosis sputa and passaged on blood agar plates to obtain their nonmucoid revertants. Animals were then sacrificed at timed intervals after infection, and quantitative cultures were performed on lung homogenates. In all cases, mucoid challenge strains retained their mucoid morphology after passage in guinea pig lungs. No difference in killing of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas could be detected at 6, 24, or 48 h after lung infection. Further challenge studies used guinea pigs that were either prevaccinated with lipopolysaccharide P. aeruginosa vaccine or else treated with tobramycin sulfate after infection. Nonvaccinated or untreated controls had reduced intrapulmonary killing of Pseudomonas compared with vaccinees or treated groups (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01, respectively). However, there were no differences in pulmonary killing of mucoid and nonmucoid Pseudomonas in the presence of either specific antibodies or antibiotic. We conclude from these studies that mucoid coating of Pseudomonas does not selectively impede mechanisms of intrapulmonary killing in guinea pig lungs. PMID- 6788697 TI - Genetics of serum resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the sac-1 genetic locus. AB - A genetic locus affecting susceptibility to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum has been designated sac-1. This locus was shown to be closely linked to, but not identical with, a second locus (designated nmp-2) that affects protein 1 of the outer membrane. The sac-1 locus could be linked to known antibiotic resistance markers on the gonococcal chromosome by genetic transformation. PMID- 6788698 TI - Aging and cellular defense mechanisms: age-related changes in resistance of mice to Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Age-related changes in resistance of mice to infection with Listeria monocytogenes were investigated. One-month-old mice exhibited the least resistance, and the resistance level increased over the first few months to reach a maximum by 8 months. Increase in age thereafter was accompanied by a slow but progressive decrease in resistance. Thus, 50% lethal doses for 1-, 8-, and 24 month-old mice were 10(4.2), 10(6.6), and 10(5.2), respectively. In spite of differences in resistance, the growth of Listeria in the organs of mice of different age groups was identical during the first 48 h of infection, regardless of the size of the inoculum. Moreover, both young (3- to 8-month-old) and old (22 month-old or older) mice inoculated with a small dose of Listeria were equally capable of inactivating the bacterial load in their spleens and livers within 8 to 10 days of infection. However, a difference in bacterial growth after day 2 of infection was observed when different age groups of mice were inoculated with a large dose of Listeria. These results suggest that the decreased capacity of aged mice to resist infection with Listeria is not due to deficiency in the innate mechanisms of antibacterial resistance, but instead is due to age-related decline in the capacity to acquire immunologically specific antibacterial immunity. PMID- 6788699 TI - Effect of monoclonal antibodies on phagocytosis and killing of Toxoplasma gondii by normal macrophages. AB - Treatment of intact toxoplasma tachyzoites with individual mouse monoclonal antibodies to toxoplasma which are directed against individual membrane associated antigenic determinants facilitated the phagocytosis of toxoplasma and also prepared the toxoplasma for intracellular destruction by nonelicited mouse peritoneal macrophages. In instances in which the organisms survived intracellularly, their multiplication was significantly reduced. Such monoclonal antibodies should be useful in further elucidating the role of antibody in resistance to toxoplasma and other facultative and obligate intracellular organisms. PMID- 6788701 TI - Influence of blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) on survival of Legionella pneumophila in aerosols. AB - The fluid in which blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) (Fischerella sp.) had been grown (algal extract) was investigated for its effect on aerosols of Legionella pneumophila. The bacteria were significantly more stable when suspended in algal extract than in the tryptose-saline solution employed in previously reported experiments. The stabilizing property of the extract disappeared after dialysis, suggesting that a relatively small molecule was involved. The relationship of this observation to the epidemiology of Legionnaires disease is discussed. PMID- 6788700 TI - Protection against experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in mice by active immunization with exotoxin A toxoids. AB - The immunoprophylactic effect of chemically inactivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A in experimental pseudomonas infections was studied. Exotoxin A toxoids were prepared by Formalin (f-TXD) or glutaraldehyde (g-TXD) treatment. Immunization of mice with three or four doses (10 micrograms each) of f-TXD and the synthetic adjuvant N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (50 micrograms) induced high levels of antiexotoxin A antibodies as measured by passive hemagglutination assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunization with toxoid alone did not elicit antitoxin. A significant increase in survival time and survival rate (P less than 0.01) was seen in immunized (f-TXD) and in burned and infected mice (50 to 85%) as compared with control mice immunized with formalinized bovine serum albumin (6 to 20%). Virtually 100% survival was obtained when preinfection immunization weas combined with single-dose gentamicin treatment within 24 h of infection. Immunization with g-TXD increased survival time (P less than 0.01) but did not consistently increase survival rate, and the results were not as satisfactory as those with formalinized exotoxin. The data presented indicate that active immunization with formalinized exotoxin A toxoid and adjuvant induced protective immunity to various degrees against infections in mice and could be potentially useful in prophylaxis of P. aeruginosa infections. PMID- 6788702 TI - Characterization of Salmonella toxin released by mitomycin C-treated cells. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the Chinese hamster ovary floating cell assay for cholera toxin have proven to be sensitive and reliable tests for determining the antigenic and biological characteristics of Salmonella toxin, respectively. The addition of mitomycin C to the culture media 3 h after inoculation resulted in increased amounts of Salmonella toxin in culture filtrates but had the reverse effect on cell sonic extracts. Our data suggested that the increased amounts of Salmonella toxin culture filtrates caused by mitomycin C were due to cell lysis, resulting in the release of intracellular toxin, rather than to an increase in the synthesis of Salmonella toxin. The biological activity of Salmonella toxin was heat labile at 100 degrees C. The antigenic structure of the toxin appeared to remain intact after exposure to temperatures as high as 100 degrees C but was altered somewhat when the toxin was subjected to autoclaving. The toxin had an isoelectric point in the pH range from 4.3 to 4.8 and an estimated molecular weight which appeared to be more than 110,000. With the exception of the range for its isoelectric point, its molecular weight, and its low concentration in filtrates and sonic extracts, Salmonella toxin was very similar in biological and antigenic characteristics to cholera toxin. The antigenic and biological assays described here provide an effective basis for extending our study of Salmonella toxin. PMID- 6788703 TI - Vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus differ in their susceptibilities to human serum. AB - Eleven Vibrio vulnificus (lactose-positive vibrio) strains were less susceptible to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum or serum treated with magnesium-ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid than were six Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains. PMID- 6788704 TI - Specific Pseudomonas immunoglobulin E antibodies in sera of patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - Immunoglobulin E antibodies to Psuedomonas aeruginosa were demonstrated in patients with cystic fibrosis colonized with the bacterium. PMID- 6788705 TI - Influence of the fusogenic agent polyethylene glycol on attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to other cells. AB - The effect of fusogenic agents on the interaction of Mycoplasma pneumoniae with human lung fibroblasts was evaluated. A 60-s exposure of the fibroblasts to polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 200; 10%) significantly increased attachment of mycoplasmas to the fibroblasts. PMID- 6788706 TI - Characterization of macrophage functions in mice infected with Brucella abortus. AB - Macrophage spreading, surface receptor density/avidity, phagocytosis, random migration, chemotactic responsiveness, and serum lysozyme were examined during the course of infection (up to 60 days) of mice with Brucella abortus strain 19. Markedly enhanced in vitro spreading activity was observed throughout the period of study. The density/avidity of cell surface immunoglobulin G Fc receptors was increased for up to 60 days postinfection. Internalization of sheep erythrocytes via C3 receptors was significantly enhanced. Random locomotion and chemotactic responsiveness to lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor and N-formyl-L-methionyl L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine were markedly stimulated. Serum lysozyme was also elevated in infected animals. These changes indicated significant and prolonged enhancement of macrophage activity during Brucella infection. These findings are discussed in relation to previous reports describing macrophage activation by Brucella. PMID- 6788707 TI - Phagocytic and chemiluminescent responses of mouse peritoneal macrophages to living and killed Salmonella typhimurium and other bacteria. AB - In the presence of luminol, resident as well as thioglycolate-induced and immunized macrophages emitted chemiluminescence more efficiently when the cells were exposed to living Salmonella typhimurium than when they were exposed to the same bacterium killed by ultraviolet light or heat. This phenomenon was observed whether or not the bacterium was opsonized. The different response to living and killed bacteria was also found with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus morganii, and Enterobacter aerogenes, but not with Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Propionibacterium acnes. The results suggest that macrophages respond better to living, motile bacteria than to nonmotile or killed bacteria. The experimental results obtained with motility mutants of S. typhimurium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa confirm that macrophages exposed to the motile bacteria emit chemiluminescence more efficiently and ingest the motile bacteria at a much faster rate than the nonmotile bacteria. PMID- 6788708 TI - Immune depression and macroglobulinemia in experimental subchronic trypanosomiasis. AB - The effects of subchronic trypanosomiasis upon immune responses were examined in Trypanosoma gambiense infection and in subcurative treatment of T. brucei- and T- equiperdum-infected mice. About 60% of the mice infected with T. gambiense developed a subchronic infection similar to human trypanosomiasis, characterized by the absence of circulating trypanosomes. The animals died between 1 and 12 months after infection with elevated serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels (16 times the normal level). After 1 month of infection, the mice showed a normal primary antibody response against sheep erythrocytes, as tested by hemagglutination, despite their high serum IgM levels. After more than 1 month of infection, about 20% of the mice showed depressed hemagglutination titers (25% of control), whereas all relapsed mice that contained circulating parasites showed a pronounced suppression. Elimination of the blood parasites with Berenil treatment restored immune competence, which persisted until the relapse of the animals. Identical results were obtained in T. brucei-infected mice. Berenil treatment abolished the immune depression against sheep erythrocytes, but did not cure the animals, which relapsed with the development of a new state of immune depression. T. gambiense and T. brucei infections were always followed by a marked increase of serum IgM levels. Hypergammaglobulinemia was also induced in relapsing T. equiperdum-infected mice treated with Berenil. No immune depression against sheep erythrocytes could be detected. It appeared that immune depression was not the result of clonal exhaustion (measured by the serum IgM level) but seemed to be closely associated with the presence of living trypanosomes. PMID- 6788709 TI - Nutrition and cancer. AB - Over 1,500 patients at our institution have received intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) as nutritional support for nutritional rehabilitation prior to and/or during oncologic therapy. Stimulation of tumor growth has not been identified, and septic and metabolic complications of this technique have been minimal. Nutritional repletion resulted in return of immunocompetence and was associated with a reduction in sepsis, proper wound healing, and an apparent increase in tumor response to chemotherapy. If these observations were related as cause and effect, then a method of restoring and maintaining adequate nutrition should be added to the armamentarium of the oncologist. The use of IVh allowed specific oncologic therapy to be administered to a group of malnourished patients who otherwise might not have been acceptable candidates for intensive antineoplastic therapy. PMID- 6788710 TI - The effect of chemotherapeutic agents on wound healing. AB - A review of experimental studies of chemotherapeutic agents and wound healing has demonstrated impairment of healing by a wide variety of agents. The extent of impairment by several agents (corticosteroids, Adriamycin, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide) is dependent upon the interval between administration and wounding. If given within three to four days of wounding significant impairment results, but beyond that interval, impairment is minimal. Studies in animals with some agents (adriamycin, nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide, and methotrexate) have shown a dose-dependent impairment of healing, but extrapolation of these doses to regimens employed in man is impossible. Information regarding complications of chemotherapeutic agents in wound healing in man is available from adjuvant studies. No increased frequency of complications from nitrogen mustard, thio-TEPA, or cyclophosphamide occurred, even when these agents were given in the immediate perioperative period. Increased wound complications occurred with 5-fluorouracil when a 60 mg/kg dose was begun seven days after surgery but not when it was begun 14 days after surgery. These results stress the need for continued attention to wound complication occurring in adjuvant studies, and suggest that delay of treatment until seven days after surgery should produce minimal impairment. PMID- 6788711 TI - Prolatin secreting pituitary adenomas. AB - Prolactin secreting adenomas are the most frequently (50%) occurring pituitary adenoma. They occur more commonly in women than in men (4:1). Impairment of gonadal function accounts for the predominant symptoms in both sexes. Forty females and ten males with prolactin secreting adenomas were treated with selective adenoma removal by transsphenoidal surgery. Duration of symptoms varied from two months to 25 years. Twenty percent of the women and 100% of the men had invasive adenomas, a tumor that is difficult or impossible to eradicate. The chances of surgically correcting hyperprolactinemia in the female patient was 75% if the preoperative basal prolactin was 200 ng/ml or less, or 71% if the adenoma was non-invasive. The men were more difficult to treat because they all had invasive adenoma. In 50% of the men, prolactin was normalized by surgery. Early recognition of these patients before the adenomas become invasive is needed. PMID- 6788712 TI - Pharmacology of antibiotics used in dentistry. AB - The term antibiotic is now generally used to include antimicrobial substances produced by chemical means as well as those produced by micro-organisms. They may be either bacteriostatic or bacteriocidal. A bacteriostatic antibiotic inhibits the growth and replication of bacteria thereby giving the body's natural defence mechanisms time to become effective in overcoming an infection. In the majority of cases, and particularly in patients whose natural resistance is lowered by disorders of the immune system, it is preferable to choose a bacteriocidal agent. The first bacteriocidal antibiotic was penicillin G. The structure of the penicillin molecule is discussed as a basis for the understanding of its mode of action and of the mechanisms which lead to bacterial resistance. The modified and semisynthetic derivatives of penicillin are discussed and specific indications for their use are described in detail. Alternatives to the use of penicillin are also discussed and particular attention is paid to the cephalosporins and the tetracyclines. PMID- 6788713 TI - Studies on alternaria allergens. II. Presence of two related antigens with contrasting allergenic properties in Alternaria tenius extracts. AB - Earlier, it was reported that most of the allergenic activity of Alternaria tenuis seemed to reside in the last Sephadex G-100 fraction (G3, molecular weight approximately 20,000). These conclusions were based on results obtained by the in vitro techniques of radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) and RAST inhibition. In the present studies, the allergenic activity of A. tenuis fractions was measured in vivo. It was found that fraction G3 was neither capable of inducing reaginic (IgE) antibodies in rats nor eliciting a skin reaction in rats sensitized with reagins against A. tenuis non-dialyzable fraction (MW greater than 12,000). On the other hand, subfractions G2D3 and G2D4 obtained from the middle fraction of G 100 (G2, MW approximately 30,000-40,000) followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, showed the greatest allergenic activity in vivo, giving high titered reaginic antibodies in rats. When compared by RAST inhibition, the activities of fractions G2D3 and G2D4 were slightly lower than that of G3. Fraction G3 was immunogenic in rabbits. In immunodiffusion tests, G2D3, G2D4 and G3 appeared to be identical and they were cross-inhibiting in RAST inhibition tests. It was concluded that the sizes and multivalent properties of G2 and G3 antigens exerted a strong influence on their allergenic activities in rats (IgE antibody production) but this factor was of little importance for their antigenic activity in rabbits (precipitin antibody production) and their behaviour in the in vitro tests. PMID- 6788714 TI - Modulation of the eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) release from various cells and their subcellular components by phospholipids. AB - An eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) can be released from human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), rat mononuclear and rat mast cells by the calcium ionophore (A23187), during phagocytosis, by arachidonic acid and phospholipase A2. It has been suggested that stimuli such as the ionophore and the phagocytic event lead to phospholipid turnover with the generation of arachidonic acid which is subsequently transformed by a lipoxygenase-like enzyme into ECF. Addition of phospholipids such as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol during ionophore stimulation of various cells increased the ECF release significantly. ECF activity is also enhanced in the presence of indomethacin at concentrations which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. With bromphenylacylbromide and eicosatetraynoic acid, ECF generation as well as the chemotaxis of eosinophils is inhibited suggesting that the phospholipase A2 arachidonic acid pathway represents a common link for ECF release as well as for the chemotaxis of eosinophils. From the cytosol of human PMN an ECF-containing enzyme was obtained. Incubation of phospholipase A2 and phospholipids with the ECF-converting enzyme led to potent ECF indicating that addition of phospholipids provides the soluble ECF-generating system with an additional source of arachidonic acid. The data represent a molecular approach to analyze the mechanisms of ECF release from soluble components after immunological triggering of the cells. PMID- 6788715 TI - Evaluation of the ultrastructural changes in the human sertoli cell in testicular disorders and the relationship of the changes to the levels of serum FSH. AB - Sertoli cell ultrastructure was compared in men with testicular disorders (hypospermatogenesis; germ cell aplasia) and men with normal testes to determine if any specific cytological change could be correlated with diminished feedback from the testis resulting in elevated serum FSH levels. The normal Sertoli cell contained smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and variable numbers of lipid inclusions, lipofuscin, crystals of Charcot-Bottcher and specialised inter Sertoli cell junctional complexes. The principal abnormalities in Sertoli cells of men with testicular disorders were: 1) dilated vesicles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and occasional expansions of the intercellular space; 2) increased numbers of cytoplasmic filaments; and 3) with germ cell aplasia inter-Sertoli cell junctions were complexly arranged due to interdigitation of Sertoli cell processes. Occasionally, increased lipid and lipofuscin aggregations were seen and in germ cell aplasia, aggregations of cytoplasmic glycogen were often present. Although these changes were seen more consistently with germ cell aplasia they were observed frequently with hypospermatogenesis where some tubules contained Sertoli cells with normal features. No correlation was found between abnormal Sertoli cell cytology and serum FSH levels. PMID- 6788716 TI - Spermatic and peripheral oestradiol levels in patients affected by azoospermia due to seminiferous tubular damage. AB - Plasma levels of testosterone, androstenedione and oestradiol were determined in the spermatic venous blood of both testes of 17 patient affected by azoospermia due to tubular damage (Group I). The results were compared with those found in 5 patients affected by azoospermia of obstructive origin and 5 patients with an inguinal hernia (Group II). Mean spermatic levels of testosterone and androstenedione were not significantly different in the two groups, while the mean (+/- SE) oestradiol spermatic level was significantly higher in patients of Group I (5.02 +/- 0.75 nM/l vs. 2.20 +/- 0.365 nM/l; P less than 0.05). Moreover, while the testosterone/androstenedione and the androstenedione/oestradiol ratios were not significantly different in the two groups, the mean (+/- SE) testosterone/oestradiol ratio was significantly lower in patients of Group I (552.71 +/- 80.94 vs. 939.86 +/- 129.45; P less than 0.025). Peripheral testosterone and androstenedione mean levels were not significantly different between the two groups while the mean peripheral oestradiol level (+/- SE) was significantly higher in Group I (0.107 +/- 0.021 nM/l vs. 0.038 +/- 0.05 nM/l; P less than 0.025). Peripheral oestradiol was not significantly related to peripheral FSH, nor to spermatic oestradiol in both groups. These results suggest the possibility that oestradiol may be involved in the pathogenesis of some cases of male infertility. PMID- 6788719 TI - Polycyclic hydrocarbon activation and metabolism in epithelial cell aggregates prepared from human mammary tissue. AB - The metabolism of benz(a)anthracene (BA), 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (BP) by human mammary epithelial cell aggregates in culture has been investigated using non-neoplastic tissues obtained from eight patients undergoing reduction mammoplasty. All three hydrocarbons were metabolized to water-soluble and organic solvent-soluble products and the latter included both K region and non-K-region dihydrodiols. The major dihydrodiols detected as metabolites of the parent hydrocarbons were the 8,9-dihydrodiols of BA and DMBA and the 9,10-dihydrodiol of BP. The 1,2-dihydrodiols of BA and DMBA and the 11,12 dihydrodiol of BP were not detected. The hydrocarbons also became bound to the proteins and DNA of the epithelial cells but there were wide differences in the extents of binding occurring with the different hydrocarbons and in the extents of metabolism and binding occurring with tissue preparations from different patients. Some of the hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adducts formed from DMBA and BP appeared to have arisen through reactions of "bay-region" diol-epoxides with DNA, but only very low levels of reaction with DNA were detected in tissue preparations treated with BA. PMID- 6788718 TI - Melatonin prevents decrease in plasma PRL and LH levels in male hamsters exposed to a short photoperiod. AB - Treatment of male golden hamsters with melatonin injections can cause a decrease in plasma gonadotropin and Prl levels and induce testicular regression. However, administration of melatonin via subcutaneously implanted Silastic capsules can prevent short photoperiod from causing the testes to regress. In order to explain this effect of melatonin capsules, we examined plasma Prl, LH and FSH levels in pinealectomized and sham-operated hamsters in which empty or melatonin-filled Silastic capsules had been implanted. After implantation, the hamsters were transferred to a short photoperiod (5 h L:19 h D) for 9 weeks. Both pinealectomy and melatonin completely prevented the decline in plasma Prl and LH levels and in the weight of the testes and the seminal vesicles. Moreover, testicular weight and plasma Prl and LH levels were higher in pinealectomized animals given melatonin capsules than in pinealectomized animals given empty capsules. In order to obtain some indication whether melatonin may affect testicular function directly, we have examined the influenced of melatonin on the production of testosterone by hamster testes in response to hCG in vitro. Addition of 0.2, 10 or 500 ng of melatonin per ml of incubation medium had no effect on testosterone production in this system. It is concluded that melatonin capsules prevent regression of the male reproductive system in short photoperiod, most likely by preventing the decline in plasma Prl and LH levels and that these effects of melatonin are not mediated through or dependent on the pineal. PMID- 6788717 TI - The pituitary-testicular axis in the streptozotocin diabetic male rat: evidence for gonadotroph, Sertoli cell and Leydig cell dysfunction. PMID- 6788720 TI - Chromosome 15 trisomy in spontaneous and carcinogen-induced murine lymphomas of B cell origin. AB - G-banding analyses of 14 independently derived B-cell lymphomas showed the frequent occurrence of chromosome 15 trisomy. It was present in seven of nine spontaneous B-cell lymphomas, but in company with other trisomies, monosomies and marker chromosomes. In five carcinogen-induced primary B-cell leukemias, trisomy 15 was the dominating change. Taken together with the previously demonstrated importance of chromosome 15 trisomy for T-cell leukemogenesis and of the 12;15 translocation in plasmacytogenesis in the mouse, it appears likely that the distal part of chromosome 15 carries a cluster of genes, perhaps a supergene region, that may play an important role in the differentiation and/or the normal responsiveness of various lymphoreticular cell types to growth control. PMID- 6788721 TI - Clinical pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs: a review and overview, part II. PMID- 6788723 TI - A claim for a Mycobacterium leprae specific antigen. PMID- 6788722 TI - Hormone profile in lepromatous leprosy. A preliminary study. AB - In a preliminary study, 11 male patients with lepromatous leprosy were evaluated with regard to endocrinopathy and hormonal status. Basal circulating hormone levels were estimated with a view to correlating the biochemical findings and clinical features. Thyroid hormones T3 and T4, Free Thyroxine Index (FTI), TSH, and cortisol were within normal limits, indicating that further study of these hormones would not be worthwhile. The finding of elevated levels of prolactin as well as the gonadotrophins LH and FSH, however, promises to yield more valuable information if studied in greater detail in a larger group of patients. PMID- 6788724 TI - The importance of adequate fixation in preservation of membrane ultrastructure. PMID- 6788725 TI - Effects of sleep on control of breathing. PMID- 6788726 TI - Breathing before and after birth. PMID- 6788727 TI - Gap junction crystallization in lens fibers after an increase in cell calcium. AB - Previous studies have shown that cell uncoupling is paralleled by an increase in tightness and crystallinity of gap junction particle arrays. Gap junction crystallinity is believed to be part of the uncoupling mechanism because it can be produced in gap junctions isolated from lens fibers on direct exposure to uncoupling agents such as divalent cations or hydrogen ions. Some doubts, however, have been raised on the capacity of lens fiber junctions to crystallize and uncouple in situ. The present study shows that the gap junctions of rat lens fibers indeed crystallize after a treatment that increases drastically the membrane permeability to ions. The treatment consists of a brief immersion of the lenses in liquid nitrogen, followed by incubation for several hours in Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C. Immediately after liquid nitrogen treatment, the lenses start gaining sodium and calcium while losing potassium, and eventually become opaque. Addition of 10 mM EDTA to calcium and magnesium-free Tyrode's solutions inhibits particle crystallization and lens cataract, whereas low concentrations of EDTA (1 mM) are not effective. These findings, together with preliminary data on the capacity of lens fibers to heal over, indicate that the gap junctions of lens fibers are capable of crystallizing and uncoupling in situ. PMID- 6788728 TI - New inhibitors of complement fixation. AB - A search for compounds that inhibit complement fixation revealed a number of new inhibitors. The presence of EDTA in the phosphate buffer containing complement and compound aided in the detection of compounds that inhibit complement fixation. Compounds were identified as inhibitors that previously could not be shown experimentally to inhibit complement fixation. PMID- 6788729 TI - The proportion of Hb A2 is higher in sickle cell trait than in normal homozygotes. AB - The proportion of Hb A2 was 3.53 +/- 0.94 per cent in the blood of 69 persons with sickle cell trait (A/S) and 2.88 +/- 0.69 per cent in a like number with a normal (A/A) genotype using a radial immunodiffusion assay. This differs significantly at the 0.1% level by the paired comparison technique. It is proposed that this effect is due to the impaired association of beta S with alphaA chains allowing more of the latter to combine with delta-chains. A similar phenomenon may account for the increased proportion of Hb A2 observed in beta thalassemia. The proportion of Hb F did not differ in the two genotypes. PMID- 6788730 TI - Clinical and biochemical delineation of aspartyl-glycosaminuria as observed in two members of an Italian family. AB - Two members of a consanguineous Italian family are described with the symptoms of aspartylglycosaminuria. Both patients exhibit mental retardation, some facial dysmorphism and discrete radiological abnormalities affecting the skull and vertebrae. Peripheral blood smears revealed multivacuolated lymphocytes. Enzyme studies in leucocytes and cultured fibroblasts showed an absence of aspartylglucosaminidase activity. Urinary analysis demonstrated abnormal oligosacchariduria and aspartylglycosamine excretion. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum was observed in one patient. PMID- 6788731 TI - Megavoltage irradiation of epithelial tumors of the nasopharynx. PMID- 6788732 TI - High energy beams of radioactive nuclei and their biomedical applications. PMID- 6788733 TI - Exchanges of oxygen and carbon dioxide alter inert gas pattern in single-breath tests. AB - Concentration of inert gas in the lung is lowered when CO2 entrance exceeds O2 exit and is raised when O2 exit predominates. In air-breathing subjects who expire to residual volume, this "metabolic gas effect" often causes a rising N2 concentration when in fact there should be a terminal fall because of low N2 in apical regions. In single-breath tests, we compared the dilution of resident N2 with dilution of an inspired gas, Ne, to find the "ideal" inert gas concentration (due only to mixing of resident gas with inspired gas). The displacement from the ideal concentration vs. volume pattern depends on the timing of the breath, because early CO2 entrance gives way later to O2 exit. Sometimes observed patterns are above or below but parallel to the ideal, and sometimes the observed slope of phase III is steeper than ideal for N2 and flatter than ideal for Ne. In addition to phase III distortions, the metabolic gas effect sometimes also distorts phase IV height and the intersection between phases III and IV. The distortions depend strongly on absolute concentration of the indicator gas in the lung, so they are very small when "closing volume" maneuvers are done in the conventional manner. However, distortions can be large and misleading when single breath maneuvers are done in unconventional ways. PMID- 6788734 TI - Profiles of selected hormones during menstrual cycles of teenage athletes. AB - Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha OHP), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and prolactin (HPr) were monitored for one complete menstrual cycle in teenage swimmers, a gynecologically age-matched control group, and a group of fertile adult women. The swimmers experienced anovulatory menstrual cycles. The time from the LH surge to the onset of menses ("luteal" phase) was very short in the swimmers (4.5 +/- 0.6 days) in comparison with the lengths of these phases in the adults (13.4 +/- 1.7 days; P less than 0.05) and in the control group (7.8 +/ 3.0 days; P less than 0.05). In the follicular phase the swimmers' LH concentration was elevated and their FSH concentration was depressed in comparison with each of the other groups (P less than 0.05). Luteal phase FHS, P, E2, and 17 alpha OHP were also lower in the swimmers (P less than 0.05), as was HPr (0.05 greater than P less than 0.10). Gonadotropin concentrations and luteal phase P concentrations were not different (P greater than 0.05) in the adults and the control group. The present findings indicate that the corpora lutea in the swimmers were not functioning properly. It is likely that the swimmers' strenuous daily 2-4 h training regimen is implicated. PMID- 6788735 TI - Volume, flow, and timing of each breath during negative airway pressure in humans. AB - We have analyzed the effects of 4-6 min of 5, 10 and 15 cmH2O continuous negative airway pressure breathing (NPB) on steady-state end-expiratory lung volume (delta VR) and breathing pattern. Fourteen healthy adults, seated in a full body box, breathed via a mouthpiece on a bag-in-box. Pressure in the body box was elevated to the desired pressure level. Inspiratory (TI) and expiratory (TE) durations, tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation (VI), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and mean expiratory flow (VT/TE) were calculated from pneumotachometer recordings. The effects of NPB are decreases in delta VR, VT, and VT/TI and increases in VT/TE. The responses to NPB are an increase in breathing frequency, due to a shortened TE, and an increase in inspiratory activity. The decrease in delta VR and the increase in VT/TE are limited by an active retardation of expiratory flow. End-tidal CO2 and VI were not altered significantly during NPB, suggesting no alveolar hyperventilation. Thus multiple components of the human response to NPB are not all engaged at the same levels of NPB. The changes in the timing of respiratory events occur at -5 cmH2O, whereas VT compensation is not seen until 15 cmH2O. PMID- 6788736 TI - CSF acid-base regulation and ventilation during acute hypercapnia in the newborn dog. AB - We studied the response of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and brain ionic composition and acid-base status as well as ventilation to acute respiratory acidosis (FICO2 0.08) in lightly anesthetized newborn puppies. Control puppy plasma ions and CSF-plasma ionic distribution ratios were essentially adultlike while in blood a mild, compensated respiratory acidosis was present, and in CSF, PCO2 and [HCO3-] were slightly higher than in adults. Brain tissue water content was higher in puppy vs. adult; the Cl- space was greater; the content of [Na+], [Cl-], and [HCO3-] were higher and [K+] lower. During respiratory acidosis, CSF [HCO3-] increased 2.0 mmol/l by 15 min and 6.2 mmol/l by 3 h, a response quantitatively like that observed in the adult. The quantity, CSF [Na+] -- [Cl-], increased stoichiometrically with CSF [HCO3-], indicating the mechanistic involvement of these ions in the CSF [HCO3-] response. In brain tissue, water content, [Cl-], and the [Cl-] space were unchanged, but by 3 h [Na+] and [HCO3-] were increased. Ventilation was stimulated but the response expressed as ml.min 1.Torr-1.body wt-1 was less in puppy than in adult. PMID- 6788737 TI - Association of 6-oxo-piperidine-2-carboxylic acid with penicillin V. Production on Penicillium chrysogenum fermentations. AB - Analysis of a 13C NMR spectrum of a concentrated broth from Penicillium chrysogenum fermentation revealed the presence of penicillin V and 6-oxo piperidine-2-carboxylic acid(1) as the principal constituents. The latter lactam, identical to an authentic sample prepared by the cyclization of alpha-aminoadipic acid was present to the extent of 28 mol% of penicillin V. The lactam isolated form the broth was nearly racemic, having a slight excess of the L-isomer. This isolation provides further evidence regarding the biosynthetic precursors of the hydrophobic penicillins. PMID- 6788738 TI - Inhibition of peptidoglycan transpeptidase by beta-lactam antibiotics: structure activity relationships. AB - The inhibitory activities of representative beta-lactam compounds, such as penicillins G and N, cephalosporins C and G, clavulanic acid, nocardicin A and thienamycin against Escherichia coli KN-126 and Bacillus megaterium KM peptidoglycan transpeptidases were studied. Their modes of action against E. coli are discussed on the basis of the results and the published binding data for penicillin binding proteins. The effects of modifications at position 3 and 7 of the cephalosporin and those at alpha-carbon of the benzyl side-chain of cephalosporin G and penicillin G were studied. The introduction of an amino group at this position in cephalosporin G together with the removal of an acetoxy group from the acetoxymethyl group at position 3 reduced the inhibitory activity against E. coli transpeptidase considerably. The activity was restored by the replacement of the methyl group at position 3 of cephalexin with chlorine. The restoration was accompanied by about 15-fold increase in the lytic activity of cephachlor against E. coli. PMID- 6788739 TI - C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. I. Taxonomy of the producing strain, fermentation and antibacterial properties. AB - C-19393 S2 and H2 are new carbapenem antibiotics produced by a streptomycete. The producing strain was taxonomically studied and named Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus. Cobaltous compounds were necessary for production of the antibiotics. C-19393 S2 and H2 showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities with C 19393 H2 being 8 approximately 120 times more active than C-19393 S2. They also exhibited beta-lactamase-inhibiting activities and acted synergistically with ampicillin and cefotiam against clinical isolates resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6788740 TI - C-19393 S2 and H2, new carbapenem antibiotics. II. isolation and structures. AB - Two new beta-lactam antibiotics, C-19393 S2 (1) and H2 (2), were isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces griseus subsp. cryophilus nov. subsp. The structures were determined by spectral analysis as shown in Fig. 2. The antibiotics have broad antimicrobial activity and strongly inhibit beta lactamases. The minor product (2) is more stable than cephalosporin C in aqueous solution. PMID- 6788741 TI - Myxothiazol, an antibiotic from Myxococcus fulvus (myxobacterales). I. Cultivation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties. AB - Myxothiazol (AB-Mx f16-1), a new antifungal antibiotic, is produced by the myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus strain Mx f16. It is active against many filamentous fungi, and completely inhibits growth of Mucor hiemalis at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml. The molecular formula of myxothiazol was determined to e C25H33N3O3S2. PMID- 6788742 TI - Isolation of two types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants highly sensitive to a specific group of beta-lactam antibiotics and with defect in penicillin-binding proteins. AB - Two types of mutants highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics were obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 2142 by treatment with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine. One type of mutant showed over 30 times higher sensitivity to mecillinam, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin than did the parent, but not to most other beta-lactam antibiotics tested. In contrast, the other type mutant was about 30 times more sensitive to ampicillin, cephaloridine, cefoxitin and cefmetazole, but resistant to mecillinam, carbenicillin and sulbenicillin at the same level as the parent. Beta-lactamase activity of these mutants ws not different from that of the parent. Defect in either of penicillin-binding proteins 1A/1B or 5 was observed in some mutants of P. aeruginosa highly sensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6788743 TI - Valienamine as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. PMID- 6788744 TI - A note on the occurrence of Bacillus cereus and other species of Bacillus in Indian spices of export quality. PMID- 6788745 TI - Penicillin susceptibility testing of gonococci by disc diffusion. AB - This study investigated the use of various beta-lactam discs in the detection of penicillin sensitive, intermediate resistant and resistant strains (minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G of less than 0.06, 0.06 to 0.25, and greater than 0.25 mg/l respectively). Discs containing 0.15 and 0.6 microgram of penicillin G, and 5 microgram of methicillin were the most useful in separating the three groups. Cut-off zones between sensitive, intermediate resistant and resistant strains are 12 and 24 mm for 0.15 microgram penicillin discs; 24 and 32 mm for 0.6 microgram penicillin discs; and 20 and 30 mm for 5 microgram methicillin discs. Oxacillin discs (1 microgram) were useful in separating resistant from both sensitive and intermediate resistant strains at a cut-off zone of 8 mm. Use of a combination of discs provides the best index of susceptibility group, and at least two should be used PMID- 6788746 TI - Sensitivity of gonococci to rosoxacin compared with that of penicillin, cefuroxime and tetracycline. AB - The in vitro activity of rosoxacin, a pyridyl quinolone derivative against Neisseria gonorrhoeae is compared with that of penicillin, cefuroxime and tetracycline. Three groups of gonococci comprising of beta-lactamase-positive and negative strains and gonococci with high penicillin MICs are studied. Rosoxacin was the most active against the entire spectrum of gonococci tested in vitro and its activity is not affected by the production of beta-lactamase by some gonococci. PMID- 6788747 TI - Isolation of an antibiotic multiresistance plasmid from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6788748 TI - The activity of gentamicin and N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK 0787) on Pseudomonas aeruginosa at pH 7.4 and 7.0. PMID- 6788749 TI - Inhibition of beta-lactamase in penicillinase producing gonococci by clavulanic acid. PMID- 6788750 TI - The combination of clavulanic acid and amoxycillin (Augmentin) in the treatment of patients infected with penicillinase producing gonococci. PMID- 6788751 TI - Purification and properties of human urine ribonucleases. AB - 1. Two RNases (RNase UL and RNase US) were purified from the urine of human adults by means of column chromatographies on SP-Sephadex C-50, phospho-cellulose and CM-cellulose and gel-filtration on Sephadex G-75 in homogeneous states obtained by SDS-disc electrophoresis. 2. Molecular weights of these RNases determined by gel-filtration were 38,000 and 13,000 for RNase UL and RNase US, respectively. 3. Optimal pH's of urine RNases were 8.0 and 6.75 for RNase UL and RNase US, respectively. 4. Chemical composition of urine RNases was determined. RNase UL contains about 20.7% of neutral sugar and 7.8% of hexosamine. RNase US contains a very small amount of carbohydrate moiety. 5. Base specificity of urine RNases studied with 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides and dinucleoside phosphates as substrates indicated that both RNases were pyrimidine specific and cytosine preferential enzyme, as is bovine pancreatic RNase A. Although base specificity of RNase UL was qualitatively similar to RNase A, that of RNase US was slightly different. That is, RNase US did not hydrolyze UpU and hydrolyzed UpC and 2',3' cyclic UMP very slowly. 6. Antigenic properties of human urine RNases were studied by Ouchterlony's double diffusion analysis. RNase UL, RNase US, and RNase A were serologically distinguishable. PMID- 6788752 TI - A novel peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) found in the outer membrane of Proteus mirabilis and other Gram-negative bacteria. AB - A novel peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) was found in the cell envelope of Proteus mirabilis. This protein showed the following properties: (1) The apparent molecular weight in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel was 18,000. (2) The protein was present in the cell envelope in a form very closely, but not covalently, associated with the peptidoglycan layer. (3) The protein was recovered predominantly from the outer membrane fraction after separation of the cell envelopes. (4) [1-14C]Palmitic acid and [2-3H]glycerol were incorporated into the protein. (5) The protein contained covalently linked fatty acids (about 3 mol of fatty acid per mol of protein). (6) An unidentified compound was present in the hydrolysate of the protein. These properties, except for molecular weight and non-covalent association with the peptidoglycan, showed resemblance to those of Braun's lipoprotein. However the protein was distinct from Braun's lipoprotein in regard to amino acid composition. A similar peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) was present widely in the cell envelopes of various Gram negative bacteria. P. mirabilis contains about twelve times as much PAL as Escherichia coli. Antiserum against PAL of P. mirabilis was cross-reactive against PAL of E. coli, but not against Braun's lipoprotein of E. coli. PMID- 6788753 TI - Highly specific enzyme immunoassay for human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - A highly specific enzyme immunoassay for determining hCG was established by using beta-D-galactosidase as label. In order to increase the specificity of the assay, an antiserum against whole hCG was purified on a column of hCG beta carboxyl terminal peptide (residues 123-145) covalently linked to Sepharose 4B. The antibody (N101S) thus prepared showed a weak cross-reactivity with human LH in an assay using hCG-enzyme conjugate, but the slight cross-reactivity was virtually avoided when an hCG beta carboxyl-terminal peptide was used as a peptide in the enzyme conjugate. N101S antibody was compared with antiserum (B1B) directed against a carboxyl-terminal peptide (123-145). In hCG measurement N101S gave about 30 times higher sensitivity than B1B, although the former antibody was less sensitive to carboxyl-terminal peptides of hCG beta. The enzyme immunoassay using a combination of N101S antibody and a carboxyl-terminal peptide (130-145)-enzyme conjugate was able to detect as little as 0.25 mIU of hCG without the interference of LH. The performance and validity of this assay were comparable to those of conventional radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6788754 TI - Comparative study of carbohydrate-protein complexes. III. Peptide structures of the linkage region in proteoglycans of human, porcine and shark cartilages. AB - Chondroitin sulfite peptidoglycans were prepared by the pronase digestion of cartilages from human knee joints, porcine tracheae, and shark crania. The beta elimination and sulfite addition reaction of these peptidoglycans yielded cysteic acid-containing peptides, and the amino acid sequences of some of them were determined. The finding that human and porcine peptidoglycans have the same sequence in the linkage region as that of the bovine peptidoglycan reported previously suggested that there is a common structural feature in the core proteins of these mammalian cartilage proteoglycans. The results also support the view that -Ser-Gly- is the minimum requisite for the formation of the xylosylserine linkage of proteochondroitin sulfates. PMID- 6788755 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study on the microenvironments of histidine residues of ribonuclease T1 and carboxymethylated ribonuclease T1. AB - The 270-MHz 1H NMR spectra and fluorescence of ribonuclease T1 and carboxymethylated ribonuclease T1 were measured in aqueous solution. Histidine C4 proton resonances were assigned to individual residues. From the pH dependences of the chemical shifts of histidine C2 and C4 protons, the pKa values of histidine residues were obtained by the non-linear least-squares method. The hydrogen leads to deuterium exchange rates of histidine C2 protons were determined as a measure of the accessibility of histidine residues to the solvent. Each histidine residue of ribonuclease T1 was found to interact with a carboxylate group of an aspartic or glutamic acid residue; in particular, His-40 was shown to interact with Glu-58. Upon carboxymethylation of Glu-58, His-92 and His-27 are more shielded from the solvent while His-40 remains exposed to the solvent. The 67.9-MHz 13C NMR spectra were measured for the 13C-enriched preparation of carboxymethylated ribonuclease T1. From the pH dependence of 13C chemical shift, the pKa value of the carboxymethylated Glu-58 was found to be unusually low, suggesting the formation of an ionic or hydrogen bond between this carboxymethyl group and a positively charged group, possibly of Arg-77. PMID- 6788756 TI - Localization of bovine liver aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes and their immunological properties. AB - Evidence supporting the existence of three aldehyde dehydrogenases in bovine liver has been confirmed and the immunological properties of these isozymes have been compared. 1. The cytoplasmic and mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases were distinguished in size by subjecting the bovine liver crude extract to Sephadex G 150 chromatography. The molecular weight of the cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase was determined to be 230,000 daltons, larger than the mitochondrial enzyme by approximately 15,000 daltons. 2. Submitochondrial fractionation indicated that the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase was located in the intermembrane space. 3. Anti-mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase antibody from rabbit gave an immunoreaction line not only with the mitochondrial enzyme but also with the cytoplasmic enzyme, and inhibited the activity of both enzymes. The anti-cytoplasmic aldehyde dehydrogenase antibody reacted with the cytoplasmic enzyme but had no effect on the mitochondrial enzyme. Neither antibody reacted with the microsomal aldehyde dehydrogenase solubilized with sodium deoxycholate. PMID- 6788757 TI - Oxidation of epsilon-amino group of lysyl peptides by bovine serum amine oxidase. AB - We examined whether bovine serum amine oxidase (BSAO) was able to oxidize lysyl peptides. Seven synthetic peptides, Z-Lys-Leu-OMe, Z-His-Lys-Leu-OMe, Z-Val-Leu Gly-Lys-Leu-OMe, Ala-Ala-Lys, Ala-Lys-Ala, Phe-Lys, and Gly-Lys were incubated with BSAO at 37 degrees C for 4 days, and the extent of oxidation (H2O2 formation) was assayed by o-dianisidine method. The amino acid sequence of lysyl peptides affected the oxidation rate by BSAO. The rate of oxidation of Z-Lys-Leu OMe was about fifty fold higher than that of Z-His-Lys-Leu-OMe. Z-Lys-Leu-OMe, the lysyl peptide most reactive with BSAO was analyzed by the 3-methyl-2 benzothiazolinone hydrochloride method, amino acid analysis, and the 2,4,6 trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid method. The production of aldehyde, a decrease in the lysine/leucine ratio, and a decrease in epsilon-amino group were confirmed. These results show that bovine serum amine oxidase is able to oxidize the epsilon amino group of lysyl peptides. PMID- 6788758 TI - Immunochemically detected structural difference in the heavy chains of chicken breast muscle myosin isozymes. AB - Antisera against the isozymes of heavy meromyosin from chicken breast muscle myosin were prepared by immunizing rabbits. Both antisera against heavy meromyosin containing g1 light chain (HMM(g1) and that containing g3 light chain (HMM(g3)) reacted with both heavy meromyosin isozymes and myosin, but not with whole light chain mixture. This indicates that only antibodies against the heavy chain of heavy meromysin were elicited. The antisera were applied successively to two columns, one coupled with subfragment-2 and the other with heterologous subfragment-1 isozymes. When the antiserum against HMM(g3) was absorbed with subfragment-1 containing g1 (S-1(g1)), it did not react with HMM(g1), but reacted with HMM(g3). On the other hand, when the antiserum against HMM(g1) was absorbed with subfragment-1 containing g3 (S-1(g3)), it lost its ability to react with both heavy meromyosin isozymes. This indicates the presence of a specific antibody against the heavy chain of HMM(g3). The head portion of myosin containing g3 may hold an unique antigenic determinant which is not present in the head of a myosin containing g1. PMID- 6788759 TI - A possible mechanism of induction of insect lectin. AB - Studies were made using antibody against a lectin induced in the hemolymph of Sarcophaga peregrina larvae on injury. The results suggested that the alpha subunit (Mr = 32,000) of the lectin is normally present in the hemolymph. On injury of the body wall, part of the alpha subunit seems to be converted to the beta subunit (Mr = 30,000), probably by partial proteolysis with a protease activated in response to the injury. As a result, an active lectin with the structure alpha 4 beta 2 is formed. PMID- 6788760 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance suggests a flexible proteoglycan core protein. AB - 13C NMR was used to study the molecular dynamics of the chick limb bud proteoglycan core protein. Because only about 10% of the proteoglycan is protein, [2-13C]glycine and [3-13C]serine were incorporated into the core protein of the chick limb bud proteoglycan monomer using a chondrocyte culture system. The purified labeled monomer was studied in solution (50 mg/ml, 0.05 M sodium acetate/0.05 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4) at 37 degrees C. Spin-lattice relaxation times, line widths, and nuclear Overhauser enhancements were measured for the labeled carbons in the protein and for the natural abundance carbons in the glycosaminoglycan chains. Analyses of these data show that correlation times for backbone reorientation of protein and polysaccharide chains in the intact monomer are predominantly in the range of 0.5-5.0 ns. These correlation times are 10(2) 10(3) times smaller than the minimum correlation time calculated for a rigid monomer, indicating that the core protein and polysaccharide backbones are segmentally flexible. Signal intensity data show that at least 80% of the protein backbone is flexible but do not exclude the possibility that 20% of the protein backbone has ordered structure. We observe both broad and narrow signal components in the spectrum of the intact monomer, showing that backbone motion is heterogeneous. The broad signal component is not observed after the monomer is digested with chondroitinase. This result and the strong concentration dependence of the 13C line width observed in solutions of chondroitin 4-sulfate suggest an assignment of the broad signal component to residues near the protein polysaccharide linkage region. The difference in NMR parameters observed for free and substituted serine carbons confirms that motion of the substituted serine side chain is restricted. PMID- 6788761 TI - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance study of the interaction of substrates and inhibitors with soybean lipoxygenase. AB - Deuterium NMR spectra for a series of selectively deuterated substrates and inhibitors in the presence of lipoxygenase-1 (EC 1.13.11.12) are presented. Extrapolation of the 2H NMR line widths yielded transverse relaxation rates for the bound inhibitors [2H21]dodecanoic acid (protonated at the 2,2-position), [2,2 2H]dodecanoic acid, and [12,12,12-2H]dodecanoic acid which are 1/T2,bd = 5.0 X 10(3), 1.12 X 10(4), and 1.16 X 10(3) s-1, respectively. The substrates [9,10,12,13-2H]linoleic acid and [11,11-2H]linoleic acid had 1/T2,bd = 8.2 X 10(3) and 7.95 X 10(3) s-1, respectively. Kinetic measurements established Ki = 1.5 X 10(-3) M for dodecanoic acid (lauric acid) inhibition of lipoxygenase when the substrate is linoleic acid (Km = 2.6 X 10(-5) M). Lipoxygenase, with Mr 102,000, is predicted to have a rotational correlation time tau c - 1.2 X 10(-7) s, yielding a 1/T2,bd = 1.56 X 10(4) s-1 for tightly bound ligand. Hence, the correlation times of the selectively deuterated inhibitors indicate internal motions are present in the bound species. PMID- 6788762 TI - Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Proteoglycans at the microsomal site of glycosaminoglycan formation. PMID- 6788763 TI - Release and metabolism of arachidonic acid in human neutrophils. AB - Dual radiolabel incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid and [14C]palmitate or [14C]stearate by human neutrophils was employed to study both the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid. Results indicate the involvement of a phospholipase A2 mechanism causing [3H]arachidonate release from membrane phospholipid. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine were the sources of [3H]arachidonate; about twice as much radiolabeled phosphatidylinositol was degraded as phosphatidylcholine. Challenge of neutrophils with opsonized zymosan and calcium ionophores caused the release of [3H]arachidonate; however, ionophores but not opsonized zymosan led to the production of [3H]hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid and [3H]dihydroxyicosatetraenoic acid. These products were preferentially released by neutrophils into the extracellular milieu in contrast with free [3H]arachidonate which remained cell associated. One third of the [3H]hydroxyicosatetraenoic acid but not [3H]dihydroxyicosatetraenoic acid was reincorporated into cellular lipid, primarily phospholipid. No significant production of [3H]prostaglandin or [3H]thromboxane was detected. In contrast to zymosan and ionophore, phorbol myristate acetate, another potent stimulant of neutrophil oxidative metabolism and degranulation, did not release [3H]arachidonate. PMID- 6788764 TI - Interactions of substrates and alpha-lactalbumin with galactosyltransferase as measured by difference spectroscopy. AB - The interactions of Mn2+, nucleotides, monosaccharide substrates, and the modifier protein alpha-lactalbumin with galactosyltransferase have been studied by difference spectroscopy. MnCl2, required for significant binding of UDP galactose or UDP to the enzyme, does not exhibit specific interactions with tyrosine or tryptophan residues. The interaction of UDP-galactose or UDP with galactosyltransferase in 2 mM MnCl2 produces difference spectra with a major positive peak at 284 nm, a second positive peak at 298 nm, and a large negative trough at 254 nm, suggesting the involvement of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in the interaction. The interaction of GlcNAc with the enzyme in 2 mM MnCl2 produces only small nonspecific difference spectra. However, the addition of 100 mM GlcNAc markedly increases the difference extinction coefficient at 284 nm of the UDP-bound enzyme-ligand complex, while the coefficient at 254 nm which arises from UDP remains constant. The results suggest that a conformational change involving tyrosine residues, which does not affect UDP, occurs in the process, enzyme.Mn + UDP + GlcNAc leads to enzyme.Mn.UDP.GlcNAc. Glucose does not show a similar effect. The interaction of galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin produces difference spectra characteristic of tryptophan and does not affect the difference spectra of galactosyltransferase produced by the interaction with UDP and GlcNAc. This implies that the interaction of the two proteins does not involve the bound UDP on galactosyltransferase and does not affect the conformational change induced by UDP and GlcNAc. PMID- 6788765 TI - Alignment of biologically active domains in the fibronectin molecule. AB - Gelatin-binding material was isolated from a human plasma cryoprecipitate by affinity chromatography on gelatin-Sepharose. Individual fragments of fibronectin with Mr = 170,000, 100,000, and 80,000 and a mixture of fragments with Mr = 205,000 and 190,000 (200K fraction) were isolated from this material. These fragments reacted with antifibronectin and with antibodies to a gelatin-binding Mr = 70,000 tryptic fragment of fibronectin. They all shared the same NH2 terminal amino acid sequence. The 205K and 190K fragments bound also to heparin Sepharose, whereas the smaller fragments did not. The 200K fraction and the 170K fragment mediated cell attachment when used to coat plastic, whereas the 100K and 80K fragments were inactive in this assay. Further digestion of the 205K and 190K fragments with chymotrypsin yielded separate sets of smaller fragments that bound to either gelatin-Sepharose or heparin-Sepharose, as well as fragments that did not show either of these binding activities but mediated cell attachment. Since the NH2-terminal ends of the 205K, 190K, 100K, and 80K fragments are the same, the results define the order of the active sites in the fibronectin molecule as gelatin-binding site, cell attachment site, and heparin-binding site. PMID- 6788767 TI - Light spectroscopic studies of the binary complex of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate. AB - In contrast to previous reports, fluorescence and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy are shown to reflect the interaction of the inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridylate, with thymidylate synthetase isolated from amethopterin-resistant Lactobacillus casei. Analysis of the quenching of protein fluorescence upon nucleotide binding yields a value of 2.1 X 10(5) M-1 for the association constant for binary complex formation. The ultraviolet difference spectrum for the nucleotide-enzyme complex exhibited a broad trough with the greatest loss of absorbance centered at 275 nm. Results of previous circular dichroic studies of nucleotide-enzyme binary complexes showed apparently parallel changes in ellipticity in the 267-269-nm and 290-nm regions, which were interpreted to reflect coordinated alteration in nucleotide and enzyme structure, respectively. When examined by difference circular dichroic spectroscopy, the nucleotide-enzyme interaction is accompanied by a substantial loss in ellipticity from 250 to 300 nm which is greatest at 280 nm. We interpret the results obtained from the three light spectroscopic techniques as indications of subtle alterations in the environments of certain tyrosine and tryptophan residues in the enzyme which are caused by the association of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate with the enzyme. PMID- 6788766 TI - Diacylglycerol metabolism and arachidonic acid release in human fetal membranes and decidua vera. AB - Diacylglycerol lipase activity has been demonstrated in human fetal membranes and decidua vera tissues. The specific activity of the enzyme is highest in the microsomal fraction of decidua vera tissue. The acylester bond at the sn-1 position of 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol is hydrolyzed followed by release of the fatty acid at the sn-2 position. The diacylglycerol lipase activity present in the microsomal fraction of decidua vera tissue hydrolyzes preferentially a diacylglycerol containing an arachidonoyl group in the sn-2 position. Monoacylglycerol lipase activity was also demonstrated in these tissues. The specific activity of monoacylglycerol lipase was significantly greater than that of diacylglycerol lipase and catalyzed preferentially the hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols containing an arachidonyl group in the sn-2 position. Based on the subcellular distribution and the differential effects of various inhibitors, we suggest that the monoacylglycerol lipase and diacylglycerol lipase in decidua vera tissue are 2 distinct enzymes. Diacylglycerol kinase specific activity was examined also and was found to be 4-5 times greater in amnion than in either chorion laeve or decidua vera. The importance of diacylglycerol metabolism in the mechanism of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin biosynthesis is discussed. PMID- 6788768 TI - The C1q inhibitor in serum is a chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycan. AB - An inhibitor of human C1q has been purified from serum and identified as a chondroitin 4-sulfate proteoglycan. A typical preparation contained 22% uronic acid, 20% hexosamine, 12% sulfate, and 9% protein. When chromatographed on Sepharose CL-2B, the proteoglycan was eluted as a broad peak with a mean Kav of 0.6, which indicates that it is polydisperse and has an average Mr = approximately 175,000 (range, 45,000-750,000). Unlike the major species of cartilage proteoglycans, the serum proteoglycan did not form a complex with hyaluronic acid. Additional evidence for the noncartilaginous origin of C1q inhibitor is that its glycosaminoglycan chains totally lack chondroitin 6-sulfate isomers. Furthermore, the glycosaminoglycan component of C1q inhibitor was eluted from Sepharose CL-6B with a Kav of 0.52, indicating that these polysaccharide chains are considerably larger than those of human articular cartilage proteoglycan. The interaction between the proteoglycan and C1q was clearly evident in 0.15 M NaCl, as demonstrated by a radial immunodiffusion technique. The interaction decreased with increasing ionic strength but was not entirely abolished even at 0.3 M NaCl. These findings suggest that the interaction between C1q and the C1q inhibitor may occur under physiological conditions and may be of importance in modulating C1q activity in vivo. PMID- 6788769 TI - The role of the delta peptide of the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase in promoter selection. AB - We have examined the effect of the delta subunit of the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase on the formation of closed, open, and stably initiated complexes with Hha I restriction fragments of phage SP82 DNA; the effect of delta on the transcription of these DNA fragments has also been investigated. In vitro, the holoenzyme (core-sigma-delta) bound to and transcribed the same regions of the phage genome that are transcribed in vivo early in infection. In the absence of the delta subunit, the polymerase (core-sigma) bound nonspecifically and transcribed regions of the genome other than those containing early phage genes. Addition of delta to preparations of core-sigma restored the pattern of binding and transcription observed with the holoenzyme. Similarly, delta-less preparations of two SP82-modified forms of polymerase (the enzyme isolated at 8 min after infection and the enzyme isolated 20 min after infection) bound nonspecifically and transcribed regions of the genome other than those containing "middle" and "late" genes. Addition of delta to these preparations resulted in patterns of binding and transcription expected for enzymes functioning a middle and late times of infection, respectively. Quantitation of polymerase-DNA complexes at various temperatures, NaCl concentrations, and polymerase-DNA ratios supported the conclusion that delta enhanced promoter selection. PMID- 6788770 TI - A novel phosphorylcholine-binding protein from rat serum and its effect on heparin-lipoprotein complex formation in the presence of calcium. AB - An adsorbent was synthesized by attaching 4-aminophenylphosphorylcholine to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose. A phosphorylcholine (P-choline)-binding protein from rat serum was adsorbed on this affinity column which was eluted by 4 mM P-choline. The protein separated into two bands of Mr = 47,000 and 24,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gradient gels and contained 18% carbohydrate. A serum protein factor, precipitable by 30-50% (NH4)2SO4, was previously shown to inhibit Ca2+-heparin-rat serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) precipitation reaction, whereas P-choline counteracted the action of this protein (Mookerjea, S. (1978) Can. J. Biochem. 56, 746-752). It is now demonstrated that purified P-choline-binding protein prevents Ca2+-heparin chylomicron or VLDL complex formation and P-choline reverses the effect of this protein. Antibody to P-choline-binding protein raised in rabbits produced a single precipitin line against the pure antigen. The antiserum, however, did not react against rat serum chylomicron, VLDL, low density lipoproteins, or high density lipoprotein. Human serum appears to lack P-choline-binding protein, since (a) the affinity column did not adsorb any such protein, (b) P-choline had no effect on the Ca2+-heparin-serum lipoprotein precipitation reaction, and (c) an immunodiffusion test against the antiserum was negative. However, when P-choline binding protein was added to human serum, the lipoprotein precipitation was inhibited, and P-choline counteracted the effect of this protein. Preliminary experiments suggested a stoichiometric interaction between P-choline-binding protein and VLDL. Hydrophilic P-choline groups exposed on the surface of VLDL may possibly interact with the P-choline-binding protein and thereby affect the precipitation of lipoproteins by heparin and Ca2+. PMID- 6788771 TI - Isolation of the membrane-binding peptide of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Characterization of the peptide and its role in the interaction of reductase with cytochrome P-450. AB - A peptide identified as the membrane-associated segment of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase has been generated by steapsin protease treatment of vesicle incorporated reductase and isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis. This peptide remains associated with vesicles when steapsin protease digests of vesicle-incorporated reductase were fractionated by Sepharose 4B chromatography, confirming its identity as the membrane-binding peptide. The molecular weight of the membrane-binding peptide was 6400 as determined by gel filtration in 8 M guanidine hydrochloride, and its amino acid content was not especially hydrophobic. The activity of reconstituted hydroxylation systems consisting of reductase, cytochrome P-446, and dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine was not inhibited by large molar excesses of purified membrane-binding peptide. Moreover, when purified reductase and cytochrome P-446 were added to liposomes which contained the membrane-binding peptide, it was determined that mixed function oxidase activity was reconstituted as effectively as when vesicles without the membrane binding peptides were used. Similar results were obtained with reductase, cytochrome P-450, and detergent-solubilized liposomes (with or without the membrane-binding peptide). Thus, the membrane-binding peptide does not appear to interact with either of these two forms of the hemoprotein in a site-specific manner to prevent reconstitution of hydroxylation activity. PMID- 6788772 TI - Selective loss of pulmonary cytochrome P-450I in rabbits pretreated with polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - The polychlorinated biphenyls mixture, Aroclor 1254, generally considered a powerful inducer of rat hepatic and pulmonary microsomal monooxygenases, caused a 70% decrease in ethylmorphine N-demethylase activity, a 31% decrease in benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylase activity, and a 42% decrease in cytochrome P-450 content in rabbit lung microsomes. When pulmonary cytochrome P-450 was solubilized and subjected to column chromatography, the elution profiles of the two forms of the hemeprotein showed a marked decrease in cytochrome P-450I in treated rabbits, with no significant alteration in cytochrome P-450II content. These data were confirmed by subjecting the two cytochromes to gel electrophoresis and staining the electrophoretic bands for protein and heme associated peroxidase activity. Cytochromes P-450I and P-450II isolated from Aroclor 1254-treated rabbits showed differences in spectral properties as well as in their stabilities. The CO difference spectral determinations showed absorbance maxima at 452 and 450 nm for cytochromes P-450I and P-450II, respectively. At room temperature, cytochrome P-450II was much more stable than P-450I. The present studies provide evidence not only for species differences in the biological actions of the polychlorinated biphenyls but also demonstrate differential effects of the environmental pollutant on the two major forms of cytochrome P-450 and associated enzymic activities in rabbit lungs. PMID- 6788773 TI - Metabolism of L-beta-lysine by a Pseudomonas. Purification and properties of a deacetylase-thiolesterase utilizing 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA and related compounds. AB - A deacetylase-thiolesterase that cleaves both the amide and thiolester bonds of 4 acetamidobutyryl CoA has been highly purified from extracts of Pseudomonas B4 grown in a medium containing L-beta-lysine (3,6-diaminohexanoate) as the main energy source. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about 275,000 and contains 8 apparently identical subunits of 36,500 daltons. Products of 4-acetamidobutyryl CoA degradation are stoichiometric amounts of CoASH and acetate, variable amounts of 4-aminobutyrate and its lactam, 2-pyrrolidinone, and a little 4 acetamidobutyrate. The relative yields of 4-aminobutyrate and 2-pyrrolidinone are determined by the enzyme level. At high enzyme levels the 4 aminobutyrate/pyrrolidinone ratio is about 2, whereas at low enzyme levels only pyrrolidinone is formed. Under the latter conditions, 4-aminobutyryl CoA accumulates transiently and is converted nonenzymatically to pyrrolidinone and CoASH. Since the enzyme does not form 4-aminobutyrate from synthetic or enzymatically formed 4-aminobutyryl CoA, we conclude that a 4-aminobutyryl CoA enzyme complex is the actual precursor of 4-aminobutyrate, whereas free 4 aminobutyryl CoA is the precursor of pyrrolidinone. Several analogs of 4 acetamidobutyryl CoA containing different amino acid or amide moieties, and several simple acyl CoA compounds are utilized by the enzyme; 4 propionamidobutyryl CoA and 5-acetamidovaleryl CoA are most readily decomposed. Acetyl CoA is a very poor substrate. 3-Acetamidopropionyl CoA is first converted to acetate and beta-alanyl CoA and the latter compound is slowly hydrolyzed to beta-alanine and CoASH. Little deacetylase-thiolesterase is formed by bacteria grown in absence of beta-lysine, but another thiolesterase, lacking deacetylase activity, is produced. The deacetylase-thiolesterase catalyzes an essential step in the aerobic degradation of L-beta-lysine. PMID- 6788774 TI - Implications of malnutrition in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Epidemiological data indicate that life style, including dietary "imbalances", play a major role in etiology of human cancers. Although two thirds of the world population suffer from varying grades of protein-caloric malnutrition (PCM) today, no consistent pattern is found to be associated wih PCM both in man and laboratory animals. At the tissue level, depression of cellular proliferation by prolongation of DNA-synthetic phase is a characteristic lesion of PCM. Due to changes in liver mixed function oxidases, metabolism of drugs is affected. The cell-mediated immunity is depressed and there is a defective mobilisation of macrophages. These alterations would modulate carcinogenesis; some tend to enhance, while others inhibit tumorigenesis. The balance of evidence suggest that PCM is unlikely to have dominant modulating influence on carcinogenesis. PMID- 6788775 TI - Antibody decoration of neurofilaments. AB - We have decorated neurofilaments with antibodies against three polypeptides (designated here as H [mol wt = 195,000], 45[mol wt = 145,000], and 46[mol wt = 73,000]) in an effort to understand the arrangement of these polypeptides within neurofilaments. The three polypeptides were purified and antibodies were raised against each. The cross-reactivity of the antibodies suggested that each polypeptide contains both shared and unique antigenic determinants. The differential reactivities of each antibody preparation were enhanced by adsorption with the two heterologous polypeptides, and the resulting preparations were used to decorate purified neurofilaments, which were then negatively stained and examined in an electron microscope. The appearance of the antibody-decorated structures led to the following conclusions: All three polypeptides are physically associated with the same neurofilament. However, the disposition of H and 46 within a filament is different; 46 antigens appear to be associated with a "central core" of the filament, whereas H antigens compose a structure more loosely and peripherally attached to the central core and periodically arranged along its axis. The antibody-decorated H-containing structure assumes variable configurations; in some cases it appears asa bridge connecting two filaments; in other cases it appears as a helix wrapping the central core with a period of approximately 1,000 A and an apparent unit length of approximately 1.5 periods. These configurations suggest several functional implications, including the possibility that H is a component of the cross-bridges observed between filaments in situ. We also note that the central core-helix relationship could be used in the design of an intracellular transport motor. PMID- 6788777 TI - Video image processing greatly enhances contrast, quality, and speed in polarization-based microscopy. AB - Video cameras with contrast and black level controls can yield polarized light and differential interference contrast microscope images with unprecedented image quality, resolution, and recording speed. The theoretical basis and practical aspects of video polarization and differential interference contrast microscopy are discussed and several applications in cell biology are illustrated. These include: birefringence of cortical structures and beating cilia in Stentor, birefringence of rotating flagella on a single bacterium, growth and morphogenesis of echinoderm skeletal spicules in culture, ciliary and electrical activity in a balancing organ of a nudibranch snail, and acrosomal reaction in activated sperm. PMID- 6788776 TI - Orientation of glycoprotein galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase enzymes in vesicles derived from rat liver Golgi apparatus. AB - UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase (GT) and CMP sialic:desialylated transferrin sialyltransferse (ST) activities of rat liver Golgi apparatus are membrane-bound enzymes that can be released by treatment with Triton X-100. When protein substrates are used to assay these enzymes in freshly prepared Golgi vesicles, both activities are enhanced about eightfold by the addition of Triton X-100. When small molecular weight substrates are used, however, both activities are only enhanced about twofold by the addition of detergent. The enzymes remain inaccessible to large protein substrates even after freezing and storage of the Golgi preparation for 2 mo in liquid nitrogen. Accessibility to small molecular and weight substrates increases significantly after such storage. GT and ST activities in Golgi vesicles are not destroyed by treatment with trypsin, but are destroyed by this treatment if the vesicles are first disrupted with Triton X-100. Treatment of Golgi vesicles with low levels of filipin, a polyene antibiotic known to complex with cholesterol in biological membranes, also results in enhanced trypsin susceptibility of both glycosyltransferases. Maximum destruction of the glycosyltransferase activities by trypsin is obtained at filipin to total cholesterol weight ratios of approximately 1.6 or molar ratios of approximately 1. This level of filipin does not solubilize the enzymes but causes both puckering of Golgi membranes visible by electron microscopy and disruption of the Golgi vesicles as measured by release of serum albumin. When isolated Golgi apparatus is fixed with glutaraldehyde to maintain the three-dimensional orientation of cisternae and secretory vesicles, and then treated with filipin, cisternal membranes on both cis and trans faces of the apparatus as well as secretory granule membranes appear to be affected about equally. These results indicate that liver Golgi vesicles as isolated are largely oriented with GT and ST on the luminal side of the membranes, which corresponds to the cisternal compartment of the Golgi apparatus in the hepatocyte. Cholesterol is an integral part of the membrane of the Golgi apparatus and its distribution throughout the apparatus is similar to that of both transferases. PMID- 6788778 TI - Immunochemical identity of peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase with the peroxisome proliferation-associated 80,000 mol wt polypeptide in rat liver. AB - Peroxisome proliferators, which induce proliferation of hepatic peroxisomes, have been shown previously to cause a marked increase in an 80,000 mol wt polypeptide predominantly in the light mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of liver of rodents. We now present evidence to show that this hepatic peroxisome proliferation-associated polypeptide, referred to as polypeptide PPA-80, is immunochemically identical with the multifunctional peroxisome protein displaying heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. This conclusion is based on the following observations: (a) the purified polypeptide PPA-80 and the heat- labile enoyl-CoA hydratase from livers of rats treated with the peroxisome proliferators Wy-14,643 {[4-chloro-6(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid} exhibit identical minimum molecular weights of approximately 80,000 on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; (b) these two proteins are immunochemically identical on the basis of ouchterlony double diffusion, immunotitration, rocket immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrophoresis analysis; and (c) the immunoprecipitates formed by antibodies to polypeptide PPA-80 when dissociated on a sephadex G-200 column yield enoyl-CoA hydratase activity. Whether the polypeptide PPA-80 exhibits the activity of other enzyme(s) of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation system such as fatty acyl-CoA oxidase activity or displays immunochemical identity with such enzymes remains to be determined. The availability of antibodies to polypeptide PPA-80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase facilitated immunofluorescent and immunocytochemical localization of the polypeptide PPA- 80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase in the rat liver. The indirect immunofluorescent studies with these antibodies provided direct visual evidence for the marked induction of polypeptide PPA-80 and enoyl-CoA hydratase in the livers of rats treated with Wy-14,643. The present studies also provide immunocytochemical evidence for the localization of polypeptide PPA- 80 and the heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase in the peroxisome, but not in the mitochondria, of hepatic parenchymal cells. These studies, therefore, provide morphological evidence for the existence of fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system in peroxisomes. An increase of polypeptide PPA-80 on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the subcellular fractions of liver of rodents treated with lipid-lowering drugs should serve as a reliable and sensitive indicator of enhanced peroxisomal beta- oxidation system. PMID- 6788779 TI - Effect of tau on the vinblastine-induced aggregation of tubulin. AB - Two microtubule-associated proteins, tau and the high molecular weight microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP 2), were purified from rat brain microtubules. Addition of either protein to pure tubulin caused microtubule assembly. In the presence of tau and 10 microM vinblastine, tubulin aggregated into spiral structures. If tau was absent, or replaced by MAP 2, little aggregation occurred in the presence of vinblastine. Thus, vinblastine may be a useful probe in elucidating the individual roles of tau and MAP 2 in microtubule assembly. PMID- 6788780 TI - Distribution studies on polytene chromosomes using antibodies directed against hnRNP. AB - The distribution of nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) particles in Drosophila polytene chromosomes has been investigated using anti-B-36 serum as a probe. The use of polytene chromosomes allows resolution at the level of the chromomere, and provides the opportunity to look for both positive and negative correlations with transcriptional activity. The antiserum was obtained using the nuclear protein B 36 from Physarum polycephalum as the immunogen. It has been shown to precipitate hnRNP particles from HeLa cells through a cross-reaction with the major 32,000- and 34,000-dalton hnRNP particle proteins. The antiserum cross-reacts with a Drosophila nuclear protein of approximately 34,000 daltons. By indirect immunofluorescence, we observed that the antiserum reacts preferentially with transcriptionally active loci of the polytene chromosomes, whereas loci previously or subsequently active do not show significant fluorescence. The overall pattern of fluorescence is very similar to that generated with anti-RNA polymerase B serum. The correlation of fluorescence and transcriptional activity observed suggests that the anti-B-36 serum is recognizing hnRNP proteins which have combined with nascent RNA molecules at the sites of transcription. PMID- 6788781 TI - Detection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to platelet membrane proteins. AB - We have devised a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection and characterization of monoclonal antibodies directed against platelet surface antigens. Platelet membrane proteins, solubilized with 0.1% Triton X-100, were covalently coupled to cyanogen bromide (CNBr)-activated filter paper disks that were than used as the support in antibody binding assays. SDS PAGE of solubilized membrane proteins taken immediately before and after incubation with activated disks indicated that representative amounts of each membrane protein were bound to the disks. Either monoclonal or heterologous anti-platelet antibody could be detected on disks that had been prepared using as little as 50 micrograms of membrane protein per 100 disks. For the detection of antibody, disks were incubated with test sera for 2 h, washed, and incubated with 125I-labeled anti immunoglobulin G, and the amount of bound radioactivity was determined. The sensitivity of the disk assay in detecting monoclonal antibodies was far greater than that of a corresponding radioimmunoassay that used whole platelets as the solid phase. By linking other proteins such as fibrinogen or anti-mouse subclass specific antisera to CNBr-activated disks, the method was adapted for antibody characterization. The sensitivity and ease with which the assay can be performed make this technique most suitable for screening and characterizing monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6788782 TI - Fluorescence microscope study of the binding of added C protein to skeletal muscle myofibrils. AB - The binding of extra C protein to rabbit skeletal muscle myofibrils has been investigated by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescein-labeled C protein or unmodified C protein plus fluorescein-labeled anti-C protein. Added C protein binds strongly to the I bands, which is consistent with its binding to F actin in solution (Moos, C., C. M. Mason, J. M. Besterman, I. M. Feng, and J. H. Dubin. 1978. J. Mol. Biol. 124:571-586). Of particular interest, the binding to the I band is calcium regulated: it requires a free calcium ion concentration comparable to that which activates the myofibrillar ATPase. This increases the likelihood that C protein-actin interaction might be physiologically significant. When I band binding is suppressed, binding in the A band becomes evident. It appears to occur particularly near the M line, and possibly at the edges of the A band as well, suggesting that those parts of the thick filaments that lack C protein in vivo may nevertheless be capable of binding added C protein. PMID- 6788783 TI - Extracellular matrix formation by chondrocytes in monolayer culture. AB - In previous studies were have reported on the secretion and extracellular deposition of type II collagen and fibronectin (Dessau et al., 1978, J. Cell Biol., 79:342-355) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) (Vertel and Dorfman, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 76:1261-1264) in chondrocyte cultures. This study describes a combined effort to compare sequence and pattern of secretion and deposition of all three macromolecules in the same chondrocyte culture experiment. By immunofluorescence labeling experiments, we demonstrate that type II collagen, fibronectin, and CSPG reappear on the cell surface after enzymatic release of chondrocytes from embryonic chick cartilage but develop different patterns in the pericellular matrix. When chondrocytes spread on the culture dish, CSPG is deposited in the extracellular space as an amorphous mass and fibronectin forms fine, intercellular strands, whereas type II collagen disappears from the chondrocyte surface and remains absent from the extracellular space in early cultures. Only after cells in the center of chondrocyte colonies shape reassume spherical shape does the immunofluorescence reveal type II collagen in the refractile matrix characteristic of differentiated cartilage. By immunofluorescence double staining of the newly formed cartilage matrix, we demonstrate that CSPG spreads farther out into the extracellular space that type II collagen. Fibronectin finally disappears from the cartilage matrix. PMID- 6788784 TI - The effect of calcium chelation on lymphocyte monovalent cation permeability, transport and concentration. AB - We have quantified the effect of EGTA on K exodus and uptake in human blood lymphocytes. When lymphocytes were exposed to a medium containing an EGTA concentration that resulted in an ionized Calcium (Ca) of less than 10 microM, K exodus began to increase. This increase reached nearly threefold that of the control rate in a medium containing sufficient EGTA to reduce the ionized Ca concentration below 0.1 microM. When K exodus was increased, K uptake increased proportionately. This increase in K uptake represented active transport and was associated with an 80% increase in intracellular Na concentration from 15 to 27 mM. The addition of Ca to a medium containing EGTA reversed to normal the increased K exodus and uptake. Histidine, a potent chelator of divalent cations other than Ca, had no effect on K transport. These data indicate that extracellular Ca chelation leads to an increase in lymphocyte membrane permeability and cation leak. This increased leak is associated with an elevation of the cell Na and an increase in transport to a rate equivalent to that of the exodus rate. The compensatory increase in active transport maintains the cell monovalent cation concentration within 10 to 15 mM of unperturbed levels. PMID- 6788785 TI - Identification of carbamate derivatives formed during chloroform extraction of tricyclic antidepressants from urine. PMID- 6788786 TI - Excretion of m-hydroxymandelic acid in human urine. PMID- 6788787 TI - Determination of the absolute configuration of some biologically important urinary 2-hydroxydicarboxylic acids by capillary gas--liquid chromatography. PMID- 6788788 TI - Assay of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in body fluids and tissues by automatic amino-acid analysis. AB - A procedure is described for the measurement of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a selective irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, in biological specimens. The drug is separated from other amino acids with a commerical amino-acid analyser and detected by formation of its alkylthio isoindole derivative with o-phthalaldehyde. DFMO concentrations of 0.1 nmol can be determined in a sample volume of 100 microliter. The assay has been used to determine the half-life of DFMO in serum of several species and the relationships between serum and tissue concentrations. PMID- 6788789 TI - Cardiovascular clinical pharmacology of impedance reducing agents. PMID- 6788790 TI - Gonadotropin dynamics in XX males. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotropin function was evaluated in two postpubertal XX males. Serum levels of LH and FSH were moderately elevated, and the serum testosterone level was low. A subnormal response by testicular Leydig cells to hCG was observed. The LH and FSH responses to LRH were normal. A significant LH increase was observed after castration. Weekly administration of testosterone enanthate (250 mg) for 10 consecutive weeks caused a reduction (greater than 75%) in gonadotropins and abolishment of the LRH pituitary response. No differences were observed in terms of gonadotropin dynamics compared with other forms of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. These results indicate that XX males exhibit hypergonadotropic hypogonadism secondary to testicular failure with a preserved androgen responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary unit. PMID- 6788791 TI - Reproductive function during fasting in men. AB - To investigate reproductive function during fasting, six men 20-74% over ideal body weight completed an 18-day study consisting of a 3-day control period, a 10 day total fast, and a 5-day refeeding period. All men lost at least 4.1% of total weight and demonstrated ketonemia and ketonuria. The FSH response to LRH (0.2 microgram/min for 4 h) stimulation was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) during fasting and remained so during refeeding. Serum FSH concentrations were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) during the fast in five of six patients compared to those during the control period, whereas serum LH concentrations were unchanged. The effects of fasting on endogenous LH and FSH pulsations were studied by obtaining serum at 20-min intervals for 6 h on days 2, 11, and 16. Neither the amplitude nor the frequency of LH and FSH pulsations changed significantly during fasting or refeeding. Serum testosterone concentrations were significantly lower (P less than 0.025) by fasting day 9 compared to control values. The 24-h urinary excretion of both LH and FSH increased significantly (P less than 0.05) by fasting day 6 and reached a maximum by fasting day 8. Urinary LH excretion did not return to normal after 3 days of refeeding, whereas urinary FSH excretion returned to baseline by the first day of refeeding. We conclude that during short term fasting in obese men: 1) serum FSH concentrations decrease, 2) the pituitary responsiveness of FSH and LRH is blunted, 3) serum testosterone decreases, and 4) the urinary excretion of both LH and FSH increase. PMID- 6788792 TI - Prolactin response to sulpiride in hypogonadotropic, normogonadotropic, and hypergonadotropic primary amenorrhea. PMID- 6788794 TI - The pituitary-thyroid axis after hemithyroidectomy in euthyroid man. AB - The pathogenesis of euthyroid goiter is assumed to be TSH dependent, but most studies have not demonstrated elevation of serum TSH. To elucidate the early events involved in thyroid growth, we studied thyroid function in eight euthyroid patients subjected to hemithyroidectomy for solitary cold nodules preoperatively and 2, 15, 60, and 90 days and 36 months, postoperatively. Although within the euthyroid range, serum T4 decreased at 30 days and thereafter up to 90 days (P less than 0.01). Basal serum TSH rose significantly by the 30th day and remained elevated for the entire 90-day period (P less than 0.001). The serum TSH response to TRH was exaggerated from days 15-90 (P less than 0.001). Thirty-six months postoperatively, all parameters of thyroid function were similar to control values, with the exception of one patient who showed an exaggerated response of serum TSH to TRH. We conclude that 1) the dynamic phase of recuperation post hemithyroidectomy is TSH dependent, 2) the serum TSH increase occurs within normal limits and is a temporary event, and 3) 3 yr postoperatively, a new steady state is achieved with normal parameters of thyroid function. Thus, we believe that TSH plays a dominant role in the genesis of goiter. PMID- 6788793 TI - Thyrotoxicosis and a thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumor causing unilateral exophthalmos. AB - Hyperthyroidism due to a TSH-secreting pituitary tumor has been noted by a number of investigators. We describe a unique case in which a 17-yr-old female presented with clinical hyperthyroidism, a goiter, and unilateral exophthalmos. Serum T4, free T4, and T3 (RIA) were consistently elevated along with elevated TSH levels (range, 10-100 microunits/ml). Skull x-rays and computed tomography scan revealed a tumor invading the right orbit. Other pituitary function studies were normal and LATs was undetectable. Surgery performed resulted in 70% removal of the pituitary tumor and confirmed the presence of tumor infiltration into the right orbit. TRH tests done pre- and postoperatively (patient still clinically hyperthyroid with elevated T4 and TSH levels) showed TSH and PRL responsiveness. Electron microscopy of the tumor demonstrated features typical of pituitary thyrotrophs. Monolayer cultures of pituitary cells released TSH over time into the media but did not respond to TRH stimulation. Pituitary adenoma tissue content of immunoreactive TSH was 65 microunits/g wet tissue and demonstrated immunosimilarity with human standard. We conclude that the patient had a TSH secreting pituitary tumor responsive to TRH stimulation. PMID- 6788795 TI - Monoclonal antibody against human renin. AB - By spleen cell fusion with NS1 myeloma, a mouse hybridoma was obtained which secretes an antibody directed against human renin. This monoclonal antibody recognizes human and monkey renin, but neither hog nor mouse. Preliminary experiments demonstrate the potential of this antibody for renin immunopurification and characterization. PMID- 6788796 TI - Evaluation of an indirect hemagglutination test for Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1 to 4. AB - Parallel testing of 895 sera by indirect hemagglutination and indirect fluorescent-antibody techniques showed 97.3% agreement. Although the indirect hemagglutination technique usually showed more cross-reactivity among serogroups than the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique with Formalin-fixed antigens and a conjugate which detected primarily immunoglobulin G antibodies, heterologous serogroup reactions were significantly lower than homologous serogroup titers and the etiological serogroup could be easily defined. The indirect hemagglutination techniques showed no cross-reactivity with a crude extract of Escherichia coli O13:K92:H4. Since the indirect hemagglutination technique was shown to detect both immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies and was found to be rapid, simple, and inexpensive, it appears to be an excellent alternative to the indirect fluorescent-antibody test for serodiagnosis of legionellosis. PMID- 6788797 TI - Seroreactivity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila: lack of a statistically significant relationship. AB - We reviewed antibody titers to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila serogroup I in sera from 1,060 cases of acute respiratory infection to determine whether there was an association in seroreactivity to these organisms. Of the 170 serum pairs with antibodies to L. pneumophila (35 seroconversions and 135 with presumptive titers), 32 (18.8%) demonstrated seroreactivity to M. pneumoniae (17 seroconversions and 15 with presumptive titers). This frequency was not significantly greater than the seroreactivity to M. pneumoniae observed in sera without antibodies to L. pneumophila (17.5%) (0.05 less than P less than 0.10), which included 111 seroconversions and 45 sera with presumptive titers. PMID- 6788798 TI - Use of agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid to fingerprint gram-negative bacilli. AB - Agarose gel electrophoresis of the plasmid deoxyribonucleic acids from 60 gram negative bacilli recovered during investigations of nosocomial epidemics was used to fingerprint the strains. This method was as specific at differentiating bacterial strains as more conventional phenotyping methods. In all cases, plasmid band fingerprints of epidermic strains isolates were identical whereas coisolate plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid patterns were different. Agarose gel electrophoresis of plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid is proposed as a method which can be used in conventional microbiology laboratories as an adjunct to or, possibly, replacement for other methods of identifying bacterial strains. PMID- 6788800 TI - The costs and benefits of prevention. PMID- 6788799 TI - Acid-fast microscopy on polycarbonate membrane filter sputum sediments. AB - Polycarbonate membrane filters were used to concentrate 916 sputum specimens for detecting acid-fast bacilli by microscopic examination. These results were compared with those of smears prepared from centrifugates and direct smears of the same specimens. Culture isolation, the control procedure, demonstrated the presence of acid-fast bacilli in 76 specimens. The number of positive specimens detected by microscopy was 82 on polycarbonate membrane filter concentrates, with an 80.2% sensitivity; 53 on centrifugate smears, with a 62.2% sensitivity; and 44 on direct smears, with a 55.8% sensitivity. Acid-fast microscopy results demonstrated that the sensitivity of the polycarbonate membrane filter sputum concentration method was superior to that of the recommended centrifuge concentration method and that the former method may be considered a rapid alternative when culture for acid-fast bacilli is impractical. PMID- 6788801 TI - Prevention and rehabilitation as a means of cost containment: the example of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6788802 TI - Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human apolipoprotein E. AB - From a single cell fusion, five stable hybridomas secreting antiapolipoprotein E (apo E) were obtained. The immunoglobulin (Ig)G subclasses containing the respective monoclonal antibodies were isolated and were used as the antibody component in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. The binding of 125I-apo E to the insolubilized antibody was inhibited by unlabeled apo E but not by unlabeled apoproteins A-I, A-II, C-II, and C-III, or by low density lipoprotein immunodepleted of endogenous apo E. Competition curves were obtained with lipoprotein subfractions that had the same shape as those obtained with purified apo E. Apo E levels in normal and hyperlipidemic plasma were well correlated when measured by the five monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal anti-apo E, although differences in absolute values were observed. In normal subjects 34, 10, 20, and 36% of apo E was recovered in the very low density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and the d greater than 1.21-gl/ml fractions, respectively, whereas these values were 34, 7, 12, and 47%, respectively, in type III patients. All antibodies indicated the same subfraction distribution of apo E. The monoclonal antibodies reacted with all of the isomorphs of apo E. One of the antibodies could be clearly distinguished by its reactivity with chemically modified very low density lipoprotein. PMID- 6788803 TI - Prostaglandins mediate the vasodilatory effect of mannitol in the hypoperfused rat kidney. AB - We have previously reported that mannitol strikingly increases blood flow to rat kidneys hypoperfused at 35-40mm Hg. This vasodilator effect is not due to volume expansion or alterations in plasma osmolality. We have tested the hypothesis that the vasodilatory effect of mannitol in the ischemic rat kidney is mediated by one of the vasoactive renal hormone systems: renin-angiotension, kallikrein-kinin, or prostaglandins. Rats were infused with 5% mannitol in 0.9% saline to 3-5% of body weight. In agreement with our previous studies, RBF increased 1.3 +/- 0.1 ml/min despite maintenance of perfusion pressure at 35-40 mm Hg. The cyclooxygenase inhibitors, meclofenamate and indomethacin had no effect on renal blood flow (RBF) in hypoperfused kidneys. However, in rats pretreated with these inhibitors, expansion with mannitol increased RBF by only 0.37 +/- 0.02 ml/min, 28% of the response in the untreated group (p less than 0.001). Infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2) into the renal artery during reduced perfusion resulted in an increase in RBF of 1.0 +/- 0.1 ml/min. Subsequent expansion with mannitol increased RBF by only 0.5 +/- 0.1 ml/min more, less than one-half of the effect of mannitol in a concurrent group of rats not treated with PGI2. Unlike PGI2 prostaglandin E2 had only a minimal vasodilator effect during hyperperfusion. Imidazole, an inhibitor of thromboxane synthesis, did not alter RBF or renal vascular resistance during hypoperfusion. Treatment of rats during hypoperfusion. with the angiotensin converting enzyme (kininase II) inhibitor teprotide increased RBF by 1.1 +/- 0.3 ml/min. However, teprotide did not alter the vascular response to mannitol: RBF increased 1.2 +/- 0.1 ml/min more when mannitol was infused into teprotide treated rats. The renal vascular response to mannitol was not altered by treatment with aprotinin, an inhibitor of the kallikrein-kinin system. Aprotinin was ineffective whether given before or after the vascular response to mannitol was established. We conclude that the vasodilator response to mannitol in the ischemic rat kidney is mediated in large part by increased prostaglandin (PGI2) activity. The failure of converting enzyme inhibition and aprotinin to block the vasodilator response to mannitol is evidence against a role for the renin angiotension or kallikreinkinin systems in mediating the vasodilator response. PMID- 6788804 TI - Pathophysiology of acute acid injury in rabbit esophageal epithelium. AB - To increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of reflux esophagitis, we sought the early sequence of changes in mucosal structure and function in acutely acid-damage rabbit esophagus. Using a perfused catheter technique esophageal potential difference (PD) profiles were obtained in anesthetized rabbits before, during, and after perfusion of the lower one-half of the esophagus with phosphate buffered saline or 80 mM NaCl. When acid perfusion reduced the lower esophageal PD by 40-50% or 80-100% of the initial values, the esophagus was removed, sectioned, and the mucosa studied with light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Ussing chamber technique for evaluation of sodium and mannitol transport. The earlier stage of acid damage (PD 40-50%) was associated with reduced mucosal resistance fom 2,180 +/- 199 to 673 +/- 157 ohm cm2 and increased passive transport of sodium (0.10 +/- 0.06 to 1.82 +/- 0.48 microeq/h.cm2) and mannitol (0.008 +/- 0.003 to 0.051 +/- 0.012 microM/h.cm2) (p less than 0.05). There was no significant change in shirt circuit current (0.35 +/- 0.05 to 0.35 +/- 0.04) or net sodium transport (0.32 +/- 0.06 to 0.37 +/- 0.12) at this stage, and the only morphologic finding was dilated intercellular spaces on electron microscopy. The later stage of acid damage (PD 80-100%) exhibited a further reduction in resistance to 299 +/- 65 ohm.cm2 (p less than 0.05), a finding now accompanied by a reduction in short circuit current (0.35 +/- 0.05 to 0.21 +/- 0.04 microeq/h.cm2) and complete inhibition of net sodium transport (0.32 +/- 0.06 to 0.01 +/- 0.13) (p less than 0.05). Morphologic studies at this time revealed cellular necrosis, edema, and vesicle formation in the stratum spinosum. Both gross mucosal changes and transmural necrosis were notably absent. When esophageal perfusion was performed with a combination of acid (80 mM HCl-80 mM NaCl) and pepsin (100 microgram/ml), the morphologic and physiologic findings were essentially the same as with acid alone; however, the time of perfusion to reach either the 50 or 100% reduction in PD was shortened. The findings in this model can be explained on an initial increase in cellular and/or paracellular permeability followed by inhibition of active sodium transport. The resulting loss of osmolar regulation leads to cell necrosis in the stratum spinosum. PMID- 6788805 TI - In vitro demonstration of an echogenic emulsion: relationship of lipid particle size to echo detection. AB - To prove that protein-lipid emulsions can be echogenic, we made two lipid-in water emulsions. The first emulsion was composed of lipid micelles approximately 10 microns in diameter. The second emulsion was composed of micelles approximately 100 microns in diameter. The first emulsion was anechoic; the second emulsion was echogenic. These results are consistent with the physical laws governing the scatter of ultrasound and demonstrate that collagen containing connective tissue is not necessary for echoes. In addition, these data support the hypothesis that the wide differences in echogenicity of fatty tissues is due to the differences in the thickness of their connective tissue stromata. PMID- 6788806 TI - The length of the uterine cervix and its significance. AB - Sonographic measurement of 150 pregnant and nonpregnant uteri indicate that the uterine cervix is about 2.5 cm in length in the nongravid and is seldom or never more than 6 cm in length during pregnancy. This information is used to better identify the level of the internal cervical os, especially in evaluating early placenta previa. If careful sonography is used to identify the lowest attachment of the placenta and the cervical tip, placenta previa could be excluded when the placenta is more than 6 cm from the cervical tip. This seems reliable in clinical practice and reduces the unreasonably high level of early placenta previa predictions and the attendant anxiety of mother and obstetrician. PMID- 6788807 TI - Relationship between the pericardial and pleural spaces in cross-sectional imaging. AB - Sixty patients, including 15 with large pericardial effusions, five with large left pleural effusions, and nine with both, were studied prospectively with two dimensional echocardiography to verify the relation of pericardial effusions and posterior paramediastinal pleural effusions to the descending thoracic aorta. It was found that large pericardial effusions lie anterior to the descending aorta both at the level of the left atrium and the left ventricle, whereas large posterior paramediastinal pleural effusions lie posterior, lateral, or posterolateral to the descending aorta. A retrospective study of 148 M-mode echocardiograms showed similar findings; but the descending thoracic aorta was less reliably identified, and the lateral position of pleural effusions with respect to the aorta could not be evaluated. PMID- 6788808 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of therapeutic response in tumors: its values and implications. AB - Not only may ultrasound demonstrate the presence of a tumor mass at various sites in the abdomen, but it may also be useful in measuring the size of the mass. The rate of tumor growth or regression was followed by ultrasound in 28 patients with ovarian carcinoma undergoing chemotherapy. The ability of ultrasound to make precise measurements of tumor size is discussed, and the value of these measurements is explored. This quantification may be valuable in the assessment of therapeutic response in pelvic cancer, and the technique may be applicable to other intra-abdominal mass lesions. PMID- 6788809 TI - Ultrasound in the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. AB - Abdominal B-scan ultrasound imaging was performed on 35 infants who presented with vomiting. A thick hypoechoic ring was visualized in 21 of the 23 patients found at surgery to have hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The ring was shown to represent the hypertrophied circular muscle of the pylorus. Each side of the ring measured 4 mm or more in thickness in the positive studies. None of the patients without hypertrophic pyloric stenosis showed this finding, although thinner hypoechoic rings were often seen, representing parasagittal sections of distal antral muscle. PMID- 6788810 TI - B-scan echo-amplitude measurement in patients with diffuse infiltrative liver disease. AB - B-scan echo-amplitude measurements of the liver were recorded in a prospective clinical trial involving 56 persons--28 normal volunteers and 28 patients with Gaucher disease. The nonspecular liver parenchymal echoes were found to be abnormally elevated in Gaucher patients despite relatively normal liver biochemical values and absence of symptomatic liver disease. Echo amplitude corresponded directly to the amount and histologic distribution of abnormal glycolipid accumulation within the liver. The highest abnormal values were recorded when there was clumping of the glycolipid cells, producing discontinuities within the range of ultrasound resolution. B-scan echo-amplitude measurements accurately represent the degree of histologic abnormality in Gaucher patients, suggesting that this technique should be useful for monitoring enzyme replacement therapy. PMID- 6788811 TI - Sonographic measurement of lateral ventricular width in early ventricular dilation. AB - Cerebral real-time ultrasound examinations from 35 high-risk premature newborn infants and 25 normal-term infants were reviewed for early signs of ventricular dilation. Measurements of the midbody lateral wall of the lateral ventricle to falx distance and ratio of this distance to the hemispheric width were obtained. Midbody lateral ventricular widths were also measured. Results indicate that displacement of the medial wall of the body of the lateral ventricle toward the midline is an earlier sign of ventricular dilation than is displacement of the lateral wall away from the midline. PMID- 6788812 TI - A microcomputer measuring system applied to real-time ultrasound video imaging. AB - The high-resolution graphics facility of a microcomputer has been synchronized with real-time ultrasound images on a television monitor, allowing quick and accurate measurements of linear distances, are lengths, perimeter lengths, and areas, whether regular or irregular in shape. No particular knowledge of computers is required, as the program gives step-by-step directions. However, the full facilities of a 48K microcomputer using BASIC language remain accessible, which is a considerable advantage over equivalent measuring systems currently available. PMID- 6788813 TI - Ultrasound in the evaluation and management of the isoimmunized pregnancy. AB - Real-time ultrasound was a valuable adjunct in the management of 57 consecutive isoimmunized pregnancies. The pathophysiology of hydrops fetalis as it affects the sonographic anatomy of the fetus and placenta is discussed. Real-time ultrasound was slightly more accurate than amniotic fluid bilirubin analysis in predicting moderate to severe erythroblastosis fetalis. The most useful finding was a disproportionate growth of the fetal abdominal circumference in relationship to the biparietal diameter. Ultrasound proved invaluable in several difficult situations, such as contaminated amniotic fluid, ruptured membranes, and twins. Suggestions for the further quantitation of this diagnostic test are explored. PMID- 6788814 TI - Parathyroid adenoma: accuracy of preoperative localization by high-resolution real-time sonography. AB - To assess the accuracy of high-resolution sonography of the parathyroid glands, a consecutive series of sonograms in 58 patients was reviewed. The study population was limited to patients thought clinically to have primary hyperparathyroidism and likely to have one enlarged adenomatous gland. Patients with renal failure or other evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism were excluded. Typical sonographic features of parathyroid adenoma were observed. An overall accuracy of 92% was obtained for the identification of surgically confirmed parathyroid gland enlargement due to adenoma. PMID- 6788815 TI - Lateral lumbar meningocele: a possible pitfall in renal sonography. PMID- 6788816 TI - Sonographic appearance of adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder. PMID- 6788817 TI - Echographic findings in Sertoli cell tumor of the testis. PMID- 6788818 TI - Lymphoma of the kidneys: unusual ultrasound appearance due to infiltration of the renal sinus. PMID- 6788819 TI - Food particles in the gallbladder mimic cholelithiasis in a patient with a cholecystojejunostomy. PMID- 6788821 TI - Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a simple medium at 28 degrees C. PMID- 6788820 TI - Immunoglobulin concentrations in children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - As part of a wider survey of infections and defence mechanisms, concentrations of serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM were measured regularly by single radial immunodiffusion in a group of children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia while in their first remission. IgM concentrations were often markedly raised at diagnosis, and IgG and IgA concentrations both began falling within one month of diagnosis. Four months after diagnosis all three had fallen significantly, but this tendency stopped after six months. Only IgG partially recovered, and non returned to pretreatment concentrations even in children followed for two years. The results suggest that vincristine and prednisone are the major factors that initiated the fall in IgG and IgA. Lowered IgM concentrations may have been due to cranial irradiation or continuous maintenance treatment, or both. PMID- 6788822 TI - Organization of spinothalamic tract axons within the rat spinal cord. AB - Two techniques have been used to examine the organization of spinothalamic tract axons within the spinal cord of the rat. In the initial experiments, the thalamus was filled on one side with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using a series of small injections. The injections were preceded by lesions of various areas of the ventral quadrant. These studies indicated that the cells of origin of STT axons ascending within the ventral funiculus (VF) are located primarily in the ventral most areas of the dorsal horn and the intermediate gray zone. The cells of origin of STT axons projecting within the ventrolateral funiculus (VLF) are located not only deep within the gray matter but in addition within the dorsal-most two thirds of the dorsal horn, the area of the spinal cord gray matter shown in previous studies to contain the vast majority of cells with cutaneous tactile and nociceptive input. To examine these projections directly, rats received either a series of HRP injections that filled the thalamus on one side or a small injection into either medial or lateral thalamus. Examination of the labeled axons in horizontal sections through the cervical cord indicated that STT axons ascending to lateral thalamus do so in the VLF. In contrast, axons terminating in medial thalamus ascend in the VF. Additional experiments have shown that axons ascending to the lateral thalamus are distributed throughout the VLF at lumbar levels. Within the thoracic cord, lateral projecting SST axons are distributed throughout much of the VLF but are not found in close proximity to the ventral horn. At cervical levels all lateral-projecting STT axons have assumed a position on the lateral rim of the VLF. These and previously published data have demonstrated that the rat spinothalamic tract is composed of two components that differ in the distribution of their cells of origin, the area of the cord in which they ascend, and the thalamic nuclei in which they terminate. PMID- 6788823 TI - Studies on the proteins of mass-cultivated, blue-green alga (Spirulina platensis). PMID- 6788824 TI - Atmospheric pressure-ambient temperature reduction of aflatoxin B1 in ammoniated cottonseed. PMID- 6788825 TI - Amino acid composition and pepsin digestibility of krill meal. PMID- 6788826 TI - Long-term forecasts of economic activity in the dental sector. PMID- 6788827 TI - Hemorrhage after a simple extraction of the mandibular left first premolar. PMID- 6788828 TI - Hypersensitivity lung disease presumptively due to Cephalosporium in homes contaminated by sewage flooding or by humidifier water. AB - Two cases of hypersensitivity lung disease apparently caused by home environment contamination with Cephalosporium have been identified. In one case repeated flooding of the home with sewer water appeared to be important in maintaining an environment contaminated with Cephalosporium, and in the other case a contaminated humidifier appeared to be the source. Both patients had chronic respiratory symptoms remitting during absence from the home, and both presented problems in diagnosis. In both cases cultures of the home environment or humidifier and serum antibody studies indicated Cephalosporium as the antigenic source responsible for the airway disease. An inhalation challenge in one case was positive, adding further evidence for Cephalosporium as the antigenic source and etiologic agent. In both cases complete remission followed moving from the home. Cephalosporium is reported as an apparent antigenic source for home contamination resulting in significant chronic pulmonary morbidity. PMID- 6788829 TI - The Robert A. Cooke memorial lecture. Allergen immunotherapy with modified allergens. PMID- 6788830 TI - Improved methods for the fluorographic detection of weak beta-emitting radioisotopes in Agarose and acrylamide gel electrophoresis media. AB - The use of acetic acid as a solvent for diphenyloxazole (PPO) in fluorographic procedures has been investigated. It is demonstrated to be superior to both dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol with respect to its suitability in both agarose and acrylamide gel electrophoresis systems. In addition, a method has been developed for impregnating fragile gels such as those used for immunodiffusion with PPO in preparation for fluorography. PMID- 6788831 TI - Abnormal hyperventilation test in chronic Chagas' disease. PMID- 6788832 TI - Pulmonary mechanics during hypoxia in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rabbits. AB - Changes in lung mechanics were measured during hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.10 during 5 min) in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rabbits. In intact animals, hypoxia induced scattered variations in total lung resistance (RL) (decrease, increase or no alteration) and dynamic lung compliance (CL), whereas in carotid body denervated animals it was accompanied by an almost constant decrease in RL ( 12%); but if a subsequent vagotomy was performed, there was no significant variation in RL. In animals which had been only vagotomized, CL decreased significantly during hypoxia (-23%) without any associated change in RL. So, the arterial chemoreceptor mediated bronchoconstrictor effects due to hypoxia could be normally masked by the dilator effects (metabolic and/or sympathetic) on the airways. PMID- 6788833 TI - Effect of diflubenzuron and its major degradation products on the growth of Euglena gracilis Z. and incorporation of glycine-U-14C in protein. AB - Diflubenzuron (I) and its major degradation products 4-chlorophenyl urea (II), 2,6-difluorobenzoic acid (III) and 4-chloroaniline (IV) were tested for their activity on Euglena gracilis Z. The inhibition on the growth and on the incorporation of glycine-U-14C in the protein of Euglena was measured in the presence of I-IV ranging 10 to 200 ppm. 4-chloroaniline caused a considerable inhibition at every tested level whereas I-III slightly affected only the incorporation. Therefore, it must be inferred that diflubenzuron shows no effect on growth and protein biosynthesis for this nontarget organism. PMID- 6788834 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in the argyrophilic cells of rabbit duodenum and thyroid gland. AB - To identify the cells containing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, indirect immunofluorescence studies were performed using the monospecific antibody toward the enzyme purified to apparent homogeneity from rabbit small intestine. The antibody precipitated almost 100% of the enzyme activities of various organs or rabbit in a quantitatively similar manner, but did not cross-react with tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase [L-tryptophan:oxygen 2,3-oxidoreductase (decyclizing), E.C. 1.13.11.11] in the liver. Immunohistochemical localization was studied using rabbit tissue because of the species-specific reactivity of the antibody. In the duodenum, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-immunoreactive cels were found to be sporadically but exclusively localized in the mucosa, a large number being in the basal portion. No staining was seen in the consecutive sections treated with control immunoglobulin. Restaining within the same section using Grimelius' silver technique revealed that the immunoreactive cells coincided with the argyrophilic cells reportedly containing serotonin under physiological conditions. In the thyroid gland, the immunofluorescence was positive in the cluster of the parafollicular cells also shown to be argyrophilic, the cells proposed to have a monoamine-handling capacity specific for serotonin. These results indicate that indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase is present in those cells rich in serotonin or active in serotonin biosynthesis and further support our previous contention that the enzyme may play an important role in the regulation of the metabolism of indoleamines and their precursors in such cells. PMID- 6788835 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of cathepsins B and D in human fibroblasts. AB - The proteinase cathepsin B has been localized in human fibroblasts using a monospecific antiserum that reacts in a precipitating manner with the denatured enzyme only. The distribution of staining as revealed by both direct and indirect immunofluorescence indicates a typical lysosomal localization similar to that observed for cathepsin D. Using dual localization methods employing fluorescein- and tetramethylrhodamine-labeled affinity purified antibodies both proteinases were usually observed in the same lysosome, indicating a combined role in intracellular digestion. PMID- 6788836 TI - Cytochemical localization of ornithine decarboxylase with rhodamine or biotin labeled alpha-difluoromethylornithine. An example for the use of labeled irreversible enzyme inhibitors as cytochemical markers. AB - The present work describes a new method for cytochemical localization of enzymes using ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) as an example. The method is based on the preservation of the characteristic-specific and irreversible binding of the inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO) following its conjugation to "label" molecules. The inhibitor has been conjugated to the fluorescent molecule rhodamine-B-isothiocyanate, and its localization in tissue sections was detected directly by fluorescence cytochemistry. Alternatively, alpha-DFMO has been conjugated to biotin and its cytochemical localization determined indirectly following its binding with avidin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and visualization of the HRP reaction product. Both labeled inhibitor molecules were successfully localized cytochemically within specific cells of the developing rat cerebellum and rat liver following thioacetamide injection where ODC activity is greatly enhanced. This novel technique should be of general application 1) in other tissues, 2) for other enzymes, and 3) in electron microscopic studies for ultrastructural localization of the enzyme. PMID- 6788837 TI - Localization of low molecular weight protease inhibitor in serous secretory cells of the respiratory tract. AB - We prepared in rabbits an antiserum against low molecular weight protease inhibitor (LMI) purified from the sputum of patients with purulent bronchitis. Using this antiserum in an immunoperoxidase staining method we found that this inhibitor was located exclusively in the serous cells of the submucosal glands of human upper and lower airways. The inhibitor was localized also in serous cells of the sublingual and submandibular glands. In contrast, LMI could not be demonstrated in the serous cells of the parotid gland. In the tissues investigated a strong association between the localization of the protease inhibitor and lysozyme was observed. Our observations indicate that the inhibitor may be present together with lysozyme as a secretory product in the serous cell granules. The possible consequences of the coexistence of these two proteins in the defense mechanism of the respiratory tract is discussed. PMID- 6788838 TI - The relationship of two equine mycoplasmas to Mycoplasma mycoides. AB - Two unidentified mycoplasmas, N3 and N11, isolated from the respiratory tract of horses, were found to cross-react with strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides in indirect immunofluorescence tests, growth-inhibition tests carried out by the running drop/agar-well method, and in complement-fixation and double immunodiffusion tests. Serologically, the equine mycoplasmas were not completely identical with any of the reference strains of M. mycoides with which they were compared. Their cultural characteristics, ability to digest coagulated serum and casein, and survival at 45 degrees C, however, suggested that they were more closely related to strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides, such as Y-goat, which are found in goats, than to strains of that subspecies which are pathogenic for cattle. PMID- 6788839 TI - Combination effect with some aminoglycoside antibiotics. AB - Strains of resistant species -- Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis - isolated from material of nosocomial infections in the surgical department of a Prague hospital were tested for combined effect with further chemotherapeutics. The same concerned Ps, aeruginosa noted, at present, by a high degree of resistance. In Ps. aeruginosa it was the combination sisomicin-carfecillin that proved a success in 50 p. c. of cases as well as that of sisomicin-doxycyclin. At the same time the authors draw attention to the possibility of antagonistic action of the combination sisomicin-chloramphenicol in a third part of the strains tested. Potentiation of the effect in Staphylococcus aureus strains was observed also in the combination sisomicin-carfecillin in more than one half of the strains tested and in case of sisomicin-doxycyclin in one third of the strains. In Streptococcus faecalis strains sisomicin was combined with amoxycillin, carbenicillin, carfecillin and doxycyclin; synergistic action being observed with all those combinations in more than one half of strains tested. No antagonism was registered in those cases. (Ta.). PMID- 6788840 TI - HLA-A,B antigens Ia-like antigens, and tumor-associated antigens on prostate carcinoma cell lines: serologic and immunochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Serologic and immunochemical analysis of the antigenic profile of the 2 human prostate carcinoma cell lines DU-145 and H494 with a battery of monoclonal antibodies has shown that both cell lines express HLA-A,B alloantigens and the 94,000 m.w. tumor-associated glycoprotein recognized by the monoclonal antibody 376.96S. In addition, the cell line H494 unexpectedly expresses Ia-like antigens, which are similar in their antigenic profile and structure to B lymphoid cell derived Ia-like antigens. Both Ia-like antigens and tumor-associated antigens can function as targets of cell-dependent lysis mediated by the corresponding monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6788841 TI - Evidence for T cell nature and heterogeneity within natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) effectors: a comparison with cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). PMID- 6788842 TI - Characterization and isolation of IgE class-specific suppressor factor (IgE-TsF) I. The presence of the binding site(s) for IgE and of the H-2 gene products in IgE-TsF. AB - IgE-specific reverse plaque assay for the direct comparison of the IgE and IgG antibody responses was established and the method was employed for the assessment of the activity of IgE class-specific suppressor factor (IgE-TsF). In the in vitro culture system, the addition of IgE-TsF to DNP-KLH-primed spleen cells inhibited an antigen-induced increase of IgE-producing cells but did not show any effect on the IgG or IgM responses. Absorption of IgE-TsF with IgE-producing hybridoma cells removed the suppressor activity but IgM-producing hybridoma cells did not absorb the suppressor activity. The suppressor activity of IgE-TsF was removed by murine IgE-conjugated Sepharose column but not by IgM-, IgG-, or human IgE-conjugated column. The suppressor activity was eluted from IgE-column with glycine-HCI buffer, pH 3.2, or acetate buffer, pH 4.0, and the suppressor factor eluted from IgE-column was reabsorbed by anti-H-2d conjugated column. The results showed that IgE-specific suppressor factor was composed of the binding sites for IgE molecules and the H-2 gene products. PMID- 6788843 TI - T cell subpopulations required for the human cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to influenza virus: evidence for T cell help. AB - The requirement for specific T cell subsets in the in vitro generation of human influenza virus-immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses was investigated. Peripheral blood T cell populations were identified by and selected for their reactivity with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8. Influenza virus immune CTL effectors are OKT3+, OKT4-, and OKT8+. Analysis of CTL precursors demonstrates that: 1) influenza-immune CTL precursors are OKT3+, OKT4-, and OKT8+; 2) CTL precursors require radioresistant OKT3+ helper T cells in order to generate strong cytotoxic responses; and 3) helper T cells can be obtained from either the OKT4+ or OKT4- populations, but more potent help was generated by the OKT4+ subset. The demonstration of a helper T cell requirement for the generation of influenza virus-immune CTL suggests that helper T cells may be involved in the previously documented HLA-linked Ir gene control of influenza-immune CTL responsiveness. PMID- 6788844 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. II. Expression of individual and cross-reactive idiotypes on syngeneic and homologous anti-idiotype antibodies. AB - Syngeneic anti-(anti-Id) antibodies were prepared against BALB/c anti-A48Id antibodies, BALB/c anti-460Id monoclonal antibodies, and A/J anti-J558 IdI monoclonal antibodies. With these anti-(anti-Id) antibodies we identified cross reactive idiotypes on syngeneic and homologous anti-A48Id and anti-460Id antibodies. By contrast, tbe idiotypic determinants of A/J anti-J558 IdI monoclonal antibodies were not shared by other syngeneic, homologous, or xenogenic anti-J558 IdI or IdX antibodies. These results suggest that idiotype antiidiotype reactions that serve as regulatory controls within the immune system are characteristic for each particular antigen system, strain, or species and that such interactions make the system self-limited with respect to the whole antild repertoire. PMID- 6788845 TI - Flow microfluorometric analysis of H-2L expression. AB - The cell surface expression of H-2L, a major transplantation antigen, was compared by flow microfluorometry to the expression of products of H-2K and H-2D loci, using monoclonal antibodies. By this methodology, the ontogeny and tissue distribution of Ld antigens were found to be indistinguishable from those of the K and D antigens. In a reciprocal blocking assay, using fluorescein-labeled test reagents, it was shown that monoclonals anti-H-2.65 and anti-H-2.64 did not inhibit the binding of each other. These results suggest that the alloantigenic determinants H-2.64 and H-2.65 are located at distinct sites on Ld molecules. Quantitative comparisons using the fluorescein-labeled monoclonal reagents indicated that Ld molecules are expressed at 2- to 3-fold lower levels on the cell surface compared with K and D molecules. These findings give new credence to a "3-locus" model for the major histocompatibility complex of man and mouse, where H-2L and HLA-C share several homologies that are unique and distinguish them from the other histocompatibility loci. PMID- 6788846 TI - A novel lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1): cellular distribution, quantitative expression, and structure. AB - We have previously described a monoclonal antibody (MAb), M7/14, which blocks a variety of T cell functions, including CTL-mediated killing, the mixed lymphocyte response, and antigen-specific proliferation. The antigen defined by M7/14 has been designated lymphocyte function-associated antigen one (LFA-1). In this report, LFA-1 has been studied as to cell distribution, surface abundance, structure, and in comparison to other CTL surface antigens, LFA-1 is expressed on lymphoid cells of both the T and the B lineages and on a large fraction of bone marrow cells, but not on exudate macrophages or nonlymphoid tissues. T cells express more LFA-1 than B cells, both in the unstimulated and stimulated states. Compared with unstimulated spleen cells, cytolytic T lymphocyte cell preparations (CTLP) and Con A blasts, but not LPS blasts, show increased LFA-1 expression relative to H-2, and for T cell-containing populations, Lyt-2. M7/14 MAb binds to about 1.5 X 10(4) and 7 X 10(4) LFA-1 sites per average spleen cell or CTLP cell, respectively. M7/14 Mab binds to cTLP in quantitites of 2.5-fold and ies 10.4 fold less than H-2 and Thy-1 Mab, respectively; since the latter have little or no effect on CTL function, inhibition of killing by M7/14 MAb is specific for the LFA-1 surface site. M7/14 MAb and a blocking Lyt-2 MAb are bound in similar quantities of CTLP. LFA-1 is a glycoprotein and consists of 2 noncovalently linked polypeptide chains of 180,000 and 95,000 Mr. The same molecular species as on CTL is present on other T cells and on B cells. The molecular structure and cell distribution of LFA-1 clearly distinguishes it from Lyt-2,3, Ly-5, T145, and T11, which were previously suggested to be either associated with the function of and/or present on the surface of CTL. PMID- 6788847 TI - Activation of macrophages for tumor cell cytotoxicity: identification of indomethacin sensitive and insensitive pathways. AB - Macrophages can be activated for tumor cell cytotoxicity by endotoxin- or lymphokine-containing solutions, and in both cases activation can be blocked by the addition of indomethacin. In contrast, the activation of macrophages by nonadherent or inflammatory peritoneal cells or antibody-coated tumor cells is not affected by indomethacin. These results demonstrate that there are at least 2 distinct pathways of macrophage activation, only 1 of which is affected by the addition of the drug. Activation by endotoxin that is indomethacin sensitive requires 2 steps. At present, the first is undefined and not blocked by indomethacin, but the second is inhibited by the drug and appears to require the production of E series prostaglandins. Our results also suggest that neither step alone is sufficient to activate macrophages for cytotoxicity. PMID- 6788848 TI - Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. II. Purification of a mast cell growth factor and its dissociation from TCGF. AB - Procedures are described for the isolation of a mast cell growth factor (MCGF) from medium conditioned by mitogen-activated splenic leukocytes (CM). Although optimal conditions for the production of MCGF in CM are identical to those for the production of T cell growth factor (TCGF), MCGF can be dissociated from TCGF after the first stage of purification on a DEAE-cellulose column. MCGF elutes from the column in the breakthrough fraction, whereas TCGF binds avidly to DEAE and is eluted only at high salt concentration. MCGF also differs from TCGF with respect to m.w. (as estimated by Sephadex G-150 chromatography) and sensitivity to trypsin. In addition, MCGF is produced by the murine myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3 and the radiation induced thymic lymphoma LBRM-33 cells, whereas TCGF is produced only by the latter in the presence of a mitogen. Another hemopoietically active factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) present in media conditioned by WEHI-3 and LBRM-33 cells, however, shares a number of properties with MCGF. Although studies with purified or partially purified MCGF have thus far failed to reveal a correlation between MCGF and G-CSF, further biochemical analyses are necessary to dissociate MCGF from G-CSF. PMID- 6788849 TI - Immunotherapy of murine leukemias by monoclonal antibody. I. Effect of passively administered antibody on growth of transplanted tumor cells. AB - The objective of the present study was to establish a model system for the evaluation of passive immunotherapy of murine leukemias. Monoclonal antibodies directed at T lymphocyte differentiation antigens (Thy 1 and Lyt 2) were tested for their effect on tumors that were grown in hosts congenic for the target antigen. Tumor challenges were selected that were at least 500 times the dose that was lethal in 50% of untreated controls. The A strain leukemia, ASL.1, was transplanted subcutaneously into a/Thy 1.1 congenic hosts. Intraperitoneal administration of anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibodies of the IgG3 and IgM classes reduced tumor growth. Up to 90% of the mice receiving antibody of the IgG3 subclass failed to develop tumors, whereas IgM antibodies prolonged survival time, but the mice eventually died of tumors. Antibody was most effective if administered within 24 hr of tumor inoculation; delay of antibody injection for 48 hr prolonged host survival but did not eradicate cells at the injection site or prevent metastases. The C57BL/6-derived tumors, ERLD and EL4, were evaluated for susceptibility to treatment with antibody directed at the Lyt 2.2 alloantigen using the protocol that was effective in treating aSL.1. Monoclonal antibody of the IgG2a subclass was effective in the case of C57BL/6/Lyt 2.1 congenic mice bearing ERLD, but caused a decrease in survival time of mice bearing the transplanted EL4 tumor. Thus, antibody of the appropriate immunoglobulin subclass can be effective in controlling tumor growth if administered in the optimal treatment regimen, but inherent features of the tumor cell ultimately determine whether abrogation or enhancement of growth will occur. PMID- 6788850 TI - H-2-linked genetic control of the in vivo response to a spontaneous mutant minor histocompatibility antigen in the mouse. PMID- 6788851 TI - Modified single radial haemolysis technique: measurement of antibodies to Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 6788852 TI - Preparation of antibodies against subclasses of human IgG. PMID- 6788853 TI - Measurement of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity against adherent and non-adherent target cells by release of 11 indium-oxine. AB - This report describes the utilization of 111 indium-oxine chelate ([111In]Ox) for studies of macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. [111In]Ox efficiently labeled both non-adherent and adherent tumor targets with no decrease in cell viability. Spontaneous release of intracellularly incorporated [111In]Ox was very slow (0.25 0.50%/h) from most targets, making isotope-release assays of at least 48 h feasible. In addition, released [111In]Ox was not reutilized. In contrast to its low spontaneous release from intact cells, incorporated [111In]Ox was rapidly released from tumor targets after interaction with activated macrophages. Levels of [111In]Ox released in response to cytolytic macrophages correlated well with those observed for the 51Cr and [3H]TdR radiolabels. Therefore, [111In]Ox can be utilized for relatively short-term (less than 20h) assays with lymphoma targets, as well as for longer-term assays with adherent cells. This should facilitate the testing, with the same radioisotope-release assay, of a wide range of tumor targets for susceptibility to macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6788854 TI - Use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for detection of monoclonal antibodies: experience with antigens of Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) systems for detection of monoclonal antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was studied. Seven monoclonal antibodies with specificities for membrane antigens, cytoplasmic antigens, or both membrane and cytoplasmic antigens of T. gondii were tested in a "sandwich" or in a "double sandwich" assay. Whereas both ELISA systems were sensitive and specific for detection of monoclonal antibodies to T. gondii, the double sandwich ELISA proved more sensitive than did the sandwich assay. Using different T. gondii antigen preparations in both assays, we demonstrated that the ELISA systems are specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy to perform and are therefore useful for screening and detection of monoclonal antibodies of desired isotypes and defined specificities. PMID- 6788855 TI - Immunochemical quantitation of human submandibular-sublingual lysozyme. AB - A method for quantitating lysozyme by using carbamylated antiserum (commercially available) to human lysozyme in a electroimmunodiffusion technique has been developed. The method measures specific protein not lytic activity as the lyso plate method does. We have applied this method to tears, parotid saliva, submandibular-sublingual saliva, nasal secretions, serum, and minor salivary gland secretions. We specifically selected submandibular-sublingual saliva for a comparison test with the lyso-plate method because of the known mucin content of the submandibular-sublingual saliva. Our findings indicate that no pretreatment is necessary for the electroimmunodiffusion technique. The lyso-plate method, on the other hand, requires pretreatment with Tris-acetate pH 4.5 to dissociate the mucin-lysozyme complex and give accurate values. PMID- 6788856 TI - Semiprone position and continuous intragastric drip in management of tetanus. PMID- 6788857 TI - Acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 6788858 TI - Role of fibronectin in the prevention of adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to buccal cells. AB - Recent evidence suggests that colonization of the upper respiratory tract by gram negative bacilli is mediated by adherence to regional epithelial cells. Buccal epithelial cells were obtained for study from 12 seriously ill patients, all of whom were colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In comparison to cells from uncolonized controls, cells obtained from these patients attached significantly more P. aeruginosa organisms during incubation in vitro. Although the sialic acid content of colonized patients' cells was less than that of controls' cells, removal of sialic acid from normal cells with neuraminidase did not increase bacillary adherence. Trypsinization of normal cells increased bacillary adherence and significantly reduced the amount of fibronectin on the cell surface. Both trypsinized normal cells and cells recovered from seriously ill colonized patients attached large numbers of P. aeruginosa organisms in vitro and demonstrated decreased fibronectin on the cell surface by immunofluorescent staining. These findings suggest that the host alteration associated with increased susceptibility to adherence by P. aeruginosa is the loss of fibronectin from the cell surface. PMID- 6788859 TI - IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen as a diagnostic parameter of acute infection with hepatitis B virus. AB - Because many patients with acute hepatitis B lack detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a radioimmunoassay for IgM antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) was developed and evaluated as a diagnostic test. IgM anti-HBc was detected in each of 47 patients with acute hepatitis and transient HBsAg (geometric mean titer, greater than or equal to 1:191,000), but also in five of 12 HBsAg carriers (geometric mean titer, 1:459) and one of 46 healthy individuals positive for anti-HBc. However, it was not present in one patient during the first six months of a persistent infection. Of 255 patients with acute hepatitis and HBsAg and/or anti-HBc, 210 were HBsAg-positive whereas 230 had IgM anti-HBc. The latter was the only specific marker in 12.3% of all cases of acute hepatitis B. Thus, IgM anti-HBc is a valuable marker for the diagnosis of acute infection with hepatitis B virus. PMID- 6788860 TI - Adverse reactions to cardiovascular drugs (part 1). PMID- 6788861 TI - [Observations on the new type tsutsugamushi disease in Akita Prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788862 TI - [Effect of antibiotics in the intestinal tract of gnotobiotic mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788864 TI - [Analytical examination of bacteria in a neonatal intensive care unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788863 TI - [Relationship between the intestinal flora and the urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788866 TI - [Physiological differentiation of Streptococcus viridans]. PMID- 6788865 TI - [Lung cavity associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788867 TI - [A food-borne outbreak of infection possibly with Vibrio cholerae serovar 6 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788868 TI - [Results of examinations of children accommodated in an institution in Yamaguchi Prefecture for hemolytic streptococci in the throat (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788869 TI - [Prevelance of antibodies ot OEP, exotoxin A, and exoenzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788870 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological aspects of 7 patients with meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788871 TI - [Abstracts of the 55th Congress of the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases]. PMID- 6788872 TI - Juvenile ketoacidosis. The use of sodium bicarbonate in the treatment of diabetic children. PMID- 6788874 TI - The dental consultant and long term care facilities. PMID- 6788873 TI - Pancreatic islet transplantation: how close to the goal? PMID- 6788875 TI - Acute effects of hypothalamic lesions upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. AB - The changes in FSH and LH secretion after placement of lesions in the hypothalamus were traced in ferrets serially bled at 15 min intervals. Passage of the lesioning current through platinum electrodes in anoestrous females was associated with an immediate surge in LH and FSH output. Damage to the hypothalamus of oestrous females also caused an immediate surge of LH secretion, but then a long-lasting second rise in blood LH content set in. High concentrations of LH were never sustained overnight. The response of long-term spayed females to the placement of hypothalamic lesions was similar to that of anoestrous ferrets, while that of anoestrous or oestrous ferrets was not altered by acute removal of the ovaries. Manipulation of the ovaries appeared to facilitate FSH and LH secretion. The response of males was similar to that of anoestrous females. Marked increases in FSH and LH release were also seen in females when lesions were made with steel electrodes, but had subsided on the following day. PMID- 6788876 TI - Diminution of thyrotrophin releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion in adult domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - Age-related changes in the response of GH to administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) have been investigated in the domestic fowl. In two strains of chicken the i.v. administration of TRH (10 microgram/kg) to 4-week-old male and female birds markedly increased (greater than 100 ng/ml) the plasma GH concentration within 10 min of treatment and the concentration remained higher than the pretreatment level for at least a further 20 min. Saline (0.9%) administration had no effect on GH secretion in comparable groups of control birds. The same dose of TRH had no effect on plasma GH concentrations in adult (greater than 24-week-old) laying hens or cockerels. The administration of TRH at doses of 0.1-100 microgram/kg (i.v.) or 0.39-50 microgram/bird (s.c.) also had very little, if any, effect on GH secretion in laying hens. In laying hens slight increases (10-20 ng/ml, P less than 0.05) inthe plasma concentrations of GH were observed in one experiment 60 min after the s.c. injection of 100 microgram TRH, and in another 60, 90 and 120 min after the serial s.c. injection of TRH (100 microgram/bird) every 30 min over a 150 min period. The poor GH response to TRH of the adults to TRH stimulation was not due to high circulating concentrations of endogenous gonadal steroids, as surgical gonadectomy had no effect on the GH response to TRH. These results suggest maturational differences in the control of GH secretion in the fowl. PMID- 6788877 TI - The effect of temperature on the bactericidal efficiency of sodium hypochlorite. PMID- 6788878 TI - Lyt-2-/Lyt 3- variants of a cloned cytolytic T cell line lack an antigen receptor functional in cytolysis. AB - To investigate the role of Lyt-2 and Thy-1 in cytolysis, we have generated, by ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis and selection, variants of the cloned cytolytic T lymphocyte line L3 that specifically lack either Lyt-2 or Thy-1. An analysis of these variants indicates that neither Lyt-2 nor Lyt-3 is responsible for the lethal hit, but suggests that Lyt-2 and/or Lyt-3 are required for an antigen receptor functional in cytolysis. The data also suggest that the expression of Lyt-3 on the cell surface is not independent of the expression of Lyt-2. Finally the data indicate the Thy-1 plays no role in cytolysis. PMID- 6788879 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi. Surface antigens of blood and culture forms. AB - The surface polypeptides of both cultured and blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi were iodinated by the glucose oxidase-lactoperoxidase technique. Blood-form trypomastigotes (BFT) isolated form infected mice displayed a major 90,000-Mr component. In contrast, both epimastigotes and trypomastigotes obtained form acellular cultures expressed a smaller 75,000-Mr peptide. Both major surface components were presumably glycoproteins in terms of their binding to concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B. Within a 3-h period, both blood and culture forms synthesized their respective surface glycoproteins (90,000 Mr and 75,000 Mr, respectively in vitro. [35S]methionine-labeled surface peptides were immunoprecipitated with immune sera of both human and murine origin. A panel of sera form patients with chronic Chagas' disease and hyperimmunized mice recognized similar surface peptides. These immunogens were the same components as the major iodinated species. The major BFT surface peptide was readily removed by trypsin treatment of the parasites, although the procedure did not affect the 75,000-Mr peptide from the culture forms. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the 90,000-Mr peptide found on BFT was an acidic protein of isoelectric point (pI) 5.0, whereas, the 75,000-Mr peptide form culture-form trypomastigotes has a pI of 7.2. The 90,000-Mr component is thought to be responsible for the anti-phagocytic properties of the BFT (1). PMID- 6788880 TI - P-24: a human leukemia-associated and lymphohemopoietic progenitor cell surface structure identified with monoclonal antibody. AB - This study was directed at surface structures that are found on human lymphohemopoietic progenitor cells in normal and leukemic bone marrow. A monoclonal antibody was produced against an acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line of the pre-B phenotype; this antibody (BA-2) was used to demonstrate a cell surface polypeptide of approximately 24,000 mol wt that migrates similarly in both reduced and nonreduced form. This polypeptide, p24/BA-2, was shown by immune precipitation and gel electrophoresis and cell distribution studies to be different from HLA-DR and gp 100/cALLa. p24/BA-2 was present on the surface of 77% (54/70) of cases of non-T, non-B ALL; BA-2 staining was less bright or nondetectable in surface Ig+ (SIg+) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and T ALL and nondetectable on peripheral T and B lymphocytes. Approximately 3% of bone marrow mononuclear cells were p24/BA-2+, and these cells were E rosette-, surface (SIg-), and nonphagocytic. Marrow TdT+ progenitor cells were frequently p 24/BA 2+. Results suggest that p24/BA-2 represents a surface structure present on lymphohemopoietic bone marrow progenitor cells and that most common types of ALL bear the p25/BA-2 structure. PMID- 6788881 TI - Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to azobenzenearsonate by a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody. AB - Azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific sensitivity was induced in A/J mice by injecting a monoclonal anti-idiotype reagent, 14A, directed against a determinant present on a minor subpopulation of immunoglobulin molecules within the anti-ABA antibodies of A/J mice. Sensitivity was transferrable by purified T cells and this was abrogated by treating the cells with 14A, rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin and complement, not by treatment with only the last two reagents. The transfer was restricted by the K-end of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6788883 TI - Induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation requires an intact, functional spleen. AB - Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) expresses itself in BALB/c mice inoculated intracamerally with P815 cells in three ways: progressive growth of the tumor within the eye, transient growth of P815 cells injected subcutaneously, and prolonged acceptance of DBA/2 skin allografts. The spleen was found to play a crucial role in the development of ACAID. Splenectomized animals bearing intracameral P815 tumors reject DBA/2 skin grafts in an accelerated manner. A functioning spleen was required during the first 10 d after intracameral inoculation of P815 cells, but not thereafter. Reconstitution experiments revealed that the spleen's ability to support the induction of ACAID depends partly upon its constituent lymphoid cells, but also upon either a stromal component or a unique architectural arrangement that can only be restored with splenic fragments. The data hold promise that therapeutic protocols using appropriately timed splenectomy and specific immunization can be devised to induce hosts bearing intraocular tumors to mount an immune response sufficiently vigorous to destroy the tumor within the eye, and sufficiently precise to preserve the functional and anatomic integrity of the eye. PMID- 6788882 TI - Expression of Lyt-1 antigen on certain murine B cell lymphomas. AB - Although the Lyt-1 antigen has previously been considered a T cell-specific marker, recent evidence suggests that a population of Thy-1-, Lyt-1+ cells exists in normal lymphoid tissues. In this study, we have observed that the WEHI-55, WEHI-259, and CH5 B cell lymphomas express high levels of the Lyt-1 antigen, as detected by monoclonal antibodies using the fluorescence activated cell sorter. Three other B cell lymphomas of the 11 examined also gave weak but detectable reactions with the anti Lyt-1 monoclonal antibody. Except for the expression of the Lyt-1 antigen, these lymphomas are typical of cells in the B cell lineage with respect to surface phenotype. The Lyt-1 glycoprotein immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled WEHI-55 cells is similar in structure to the Lyt-1 glycoprotein on thymocytes. These findings are similar to recent reports that B type human lymphocytic leukemia cells express the putative human homologue of Lyt 1, the Leu-1 antigen. PMID- 6788884 TI - Qa-2, H-2K, and H-2D alloantigens evolved from a common ancestral gene. AB - The Tla region located on the murine 17th chromosome controls several serologically defined cell surface antigens. These antigens, referred to as Qa-1 5 and TL, are expressed on a variety of hematopoeitic cell populations. In the present studies we have immunoprecipitated isotopically labeled Qa-2 and H-2 molecules from mitogen-stimulated B6 spleen cells. Sequential immunoprecipitation experiments have shown that the determinants recognized by alpha Qa-2, alpha H 2Kb, and alpha H-2Db alloantisera reside on separate molecular species. Comparative mapping of the arginine-labeled tryptic peptides from Qa-2, H-2Kb, and H-2Db molecules indicate that Qa-2 is structurally distinct but that there is considerable structural homology; 21-43% of the Qa-2 peptides co-chromatograph with peptides derived from H-2Db and H-2Kb, respectively. Similar levels of homology are observed when Qa-2 is compared with H-2Kk or H-2Dd. The results show that the Qa-2 alloantigen is encoded by a locus separate from the loci encoding H 2K or H-2D alloantigens, but that the Qa-2, H-2K, and H-2D alloantigens are sufficiently related at the primary structural level to indicate that they evolved from a common primordial gene. PMID- 6788885 TI - Accumulation of protoporphyrin IX from delta-aminolevulinic acid in bovine skin fibroblasts with hereditary erythropoietic protoporphyria. A gene-dosage effect. AB - Bovine skin fibroblasts accumulated protoporphyrin IX when incubated in culture with the porphyrin-heme precursor, delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Fibroblasts from cattle homozygous for erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) and with the clinical symptoms of the disease accumulated approximately sixfold greater amounts of protoporphyrin IX than cells from normal control animals. Cells from obligatory heterozygous animals, which are clinically normal, accumulated an intermediate level of protoporphyrin IX. When these cells were incubated with ALA and CaMg EDTA, all types of cells accumulated approximately the same amount of protoporphyrin IX (approximately 500 nmol/mg protein), suggesting that ferrochelatase activity was equally low after inhibition by treatment with CaMg EDTA in all cells. Thus the ratio of protoporphyrin IX accumulation from ALA in cultures treated with CaMg EDTA compared with controls treated with ALA alone was greatest in normal cells, least in EPP cells, and intermediate in the heterozygote cells. These findings suggest that the amount of protoporphyrin IX accumulation from ALA reflects the extent of deficiency of ferrochelatase and is proportional to the dosage of abnormal EPP gene in cultured fibroblasts. Similarly, stimulation of porphyrin accumulation by CaMg EDTA reflects diminished ferrochelatase activity in these cells. Thus, the results of this study demonstrate the usefulness of estimating protoporphyrin IX formation from ALA for the detection of an EPP gene defect in cultured bovine skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6788886 TI - The xid gene controls Ia.W39-associated immune response gene function. AB - Immune response (Ir) genes are encoded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). A class of serologically defined specificities, Ia antigens, is also encoded for by genes within this region. A new Ia specificity, Ia.W39, has recently been defined. It is private for I-Ab and its expression is controlled by a gene on the X-chromosome. Using different approaches, the role of Ia.W39 in the immune response of H-2b mice to beef insulin was examined in a macrophage-dependent T cell proliferation assay. It was found that beef insulin-related Ir gene function was associated with the expression of Ia.W39 by antigen-presenting macrophages and that control of this Ir gene function was X-linked (xid gene). PMID- 6788887 TI - Genetic studies in NZB mice. V. Recombinant inbred lines demonstrate that separate genes control autoimmune phenotype. AB - The genetic basis for autoimmunity in NZB mice has been investigated through analysis of recombinant inbred lines produced by mating NZB mice with two different non-autoimmune strains. Several genes (at least six) were found to be necessary for the production of eight traits characteristic of the NZB mice that were studied. No fundamental genetic defect (an "autoimmunity gene") was identified that could give rise to the various autoimmune traits studied. This study strongly suggests that NZB disease results from the actions of several separate genes that together result in the characteristic manifestations of autoimmunity. PMID- 6788888 TI - Influence of Igh-linked gene products on the generation of T helper cells in the response to sheep erythrocytes. AB - The role of Igh-linked loci in the generation and expression of T cell help for antibody responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was investigated. The production of IgM, IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibody to SRBC was shown to be T cell dependent. The Igh-congenic mouse pair CBA/Tufts (Ighj) and CBA.Ighb gave equivalent responses to SRBC. CBA.nude mice (Ighj) supplemented with peripheral T cells of either Ighj or Ighb genotype produced equivalent, high responses. Therefore, T cell-B cell mismatching for the Igh haplotype is not in itself a bar to the generation or expression of help. In contrast, T cells primed in an environment that lacks Ighj-linked products are inefficient helpers for Ighj B cells. These results suggest that antigen-primed B cells or their products prime a set of T cells that can help B cells that bear matching, Igh-linked gene products. PMID- 6788889 TI - Priming of T helper cells by antigen-activated B cells. B cell-primed Lyt-1+ helper cells are restricted to cooperate with B cells expressing the IgvH phenotype of the priming B cells. AB - Activated B cells isolated shortly after primary immunization of BALB/c donor mice with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), were transferred to normal syngeneic recipients or to low-dose cyclophosphamide-pretreated syngeneic recipients. In pretreated recipients, the transfer of activated B cells, but not of T cells or macrophages, resulted in an augmented production of indirect plaque-forming cells in the primary immune response to SRBC but not to horse erythrocytes. It was shown in double-transfer experiments that T helper cells (Lyt-1+) had been stimulated by the transfer of antigen-activated B cells. Criss-cross double transfer experiments using the mouse strains CB20 and BAB14 (congenic to BALB/c at the loci coding for the immunoglobulin heavy chain) indicate that those T helper cells are primed after recognition of B cell products that are encoded for by genes linked to the loci coding for the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgVH). The thus-primed Ig-dependent T helper cells (THIg) are adaptively restricted to cooperate with B cells that display IgVH-linked gene products similar to those that originally stimulated the THIg. These findings suggest that in the course of an immune response to T cell-dependent antigens, help for the production of specific IgG can be provided by THIg that have been primed and/or clonally expanded after recognition of IgVH-linked gene products by (e.g., complementary) T cell receptors. PMID- 6788890 TI - Nucleic acid and protein sequences of phosphocholine-binding light chains. AB - An 18-kilobase DNA fragment containing the sequence coding for both the variable and constant regions of the S107 mouse immunoglobulin light chain was cloned from total cellular DNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the kappa-chain variable region gene is reported. Determination of the amino acid sequence encoded by the DNA is found to be identical to the protein sequence of the T15 light chain through residue 88. Direct sequence analysis confirmed that the J1 joining segment is used in the recombination event producing the active kappa light chain gene. PMID- 6788891 TI - Sequence diversity within a subgroup of mouse immunoglobulin kappa chains controlled by the IgK-Ef2 locus. AB - We previously showed that a chromosome 6 locus, IgK-Ef2, controls a pair of prominent bands in normal mouse light-chain isoelectric focusing profiles. Screening of myeloma light chains derived from BALB/c mice (an IgK-EF2 alpha strain) led to the identification of seven light chains cofocusing with the polymorphic bands controlled by IgK-Ef2. Complete sequencing of the variable (V) regions of four of the light chains indicates that they are all members of the same subgroup (Vk-1A) and they differ from one another by 1--3 substitutions. One of the protein differs from the prototype V-region sequence only in the deletion of a single residue at position 95 immediately preceding of J region. The other two differ from the protype V region by 3 (two framework [fr], one complementarity-determined [cdr]) and one (fr) residues, respectively. Complete V region sequences of two closely related light chains derived from NZB mice (an IgK-Ef2b strain) indicate the NZB proteins are derived from a distinct Vk gene (Vk-1B), differing by four substitutions from the Vk-1A sequence. The results suggest that the IgK-Ef2 polymorphism may be a result of, at least in part, the loss of the gene(s) coding for the Vk-1A subgroups in IgK-Ef2b strains of mice. The nature of the sequence diversity found in the Vk-1A subgroup indicates that either it is coded by a repeated series of virtually identical genes or that somatic mutation of a single Vk-1A gene may give rise to substitutions in framework as well as cdr regions. PMID- 6788892 TI - Enhancement of delayed hypersensitivity reaction with varieties of anti-cancer drugs. A common biological phenomenon. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity reaction in mice was commonly enhanced with various anti cancer agents administered as single or intermittent high doses but not consecutive divided doses. The effect of anti-cancer agents on the delayed hypersensitivity reaction was thought to be due to elimination of suppressor T cell activity. PMID- 6788893 TI - Binding of bacillus Calmette-Guerin-activated macrophages to tumor targets. Selective inhibition by membrane preparations from homologous and heterologous neoplastic cells. AB - The binding of tumor cells by activated macrophages is an initial and necessary event in the cytolysis of these targets. The data here indicate that membrane preparations from RL sigma 1 leukemia targets, EL-4 lymphoma targets, and P815 mastocytoma targets each inhibited binding of its homologous target to bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-activated murine macrophages in a dose-dependent fashion. Similar amounts of membrane from lymphocytes did not alter binding of the three neoplastic target to BCG-macrophages. Membranes of the three targets also inhibited binding of the heterologous neoplastic targets. Inhibitory activity of membrane preparations from P815, EL-4, and RL sigma 1 targets could be adsorbed by incubation of limiting concentrations of the membrane preparations with BCG activated macrophages but not with thioglycollate broth-elicited macrophages. Exposure of BCG macrophages to membrane preparations from RL sigma 1, FL-4, or P815 targets inhibited subsequent cytolysis of the three targets. Inhibitory activity was increased in preparations enriched for plasma membrane. The data suggest that binding of three murine, nonadherent neoplastic targets to BCG activated murine macrophages is mediated, in part, by recognition structures present within the plasma membranes of the three targets. PMID- 6788895 TI - [Studies on patients with polychlorinated biphenyls poisoning. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin, uroporphyrin, delta-aminolevulinic acid, and porphobilinogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788896 TI - Statistical analysis of the patterns of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A description of the patterns of sporulation in chains of Bacillus subtilis cells has been obtained by fitting a statistical model to data obtained from a resuspended culture. The underlying assumptions of this model are: (a) resuspension causes an immediate response in the growing bacteria which is necessary for subsequent sporulation; (b) the probability of this response occurring is the same for all the bacteria present at the time of resuspension; (c) after resuspension some of the bacteria pass through a single round of cell division to produce a pair of sporulating bacteria, while the rest divide twice to produce four; and (d) the two sub-populations described in (c) differ in their ability to complete sporulation. PMID- 6788894 TI - Human megakaryocytes. II. Expression of platelet proteins in early marrow megakaryocytes. AB - Analysis of various platelet proteins by immunofluorescence demonstrated that platelet glycoproteins Ib, IIb, and IIIa, as well as plasma factor VIII antigen (factor VIII:AGN), platelet factor 4, and fibronectin are present in the vast majority of morphologically recognizable megakaryocytes. In addition, a small number of lymphoid-like mononuclear marrow cells, representing approximately 1.4- 2.9/10(4) marrow cells, was found to express the same platelet proteins. This population of early marrow megakaryocytes is analogous to small acetylcholinesterase-positive rat and mouse marrow cells. Fc receptors for IgG were expressed in all megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte precursors, whereas the Ia antigen was detected only on a proportion of mature megakaryocytes and not on only early or precursor megakaryocytes. Platelet glycoproteins Ib, IIb, and IIIa, as well as factor VIII:AGN, and platelet factor 4 were established as distinct markers for marrow megakaryocytes and may be helpful for identifying megakaryocytic cells as well as for monitoring events of megakaryocyte differentiation. PMID- 6788897 TI - Effects of ethanol and methanol on lipid metabolism in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In Bacillus subtilis, the fatty acid moiety of the phospholipids was affected differently during growth in the presence of 1.1 M-methanol or 0.7 M-ethanol, though at these concentrations methanol and ethanol had the same effects on growth rate and completely inhibited sporulation. Synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol was also strongly inhibited and the amount of total cell phospholipids was reduced by 50% by both alcohols. The composition of fatty acids, especially the relative concentration of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid, was modified only by ethanol; in bacteria grown in the presence of methanol, changes in fatty acid composition were negligible. In non-sporulating mutants, synthesis of phosphatidylglycerol was much less affected than in the wild-type and synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine was increased. In these strains, fatty acid composition was also modified by ethanol but unaffected by methanol. PMID- 6788898 TI - Transfer of plasmids among bacilli. AB - Plasmids were transferred from Staphylococcus aureus to Bacillus subtilis and between B. subtilis and several other species of Bacillus by protoplast fusion and regeneration. The plasmids replicate and express themselves normally in all bacilli examined. PMID- 6788899 TI - Suppression of asporogeny in Bacillus subtilis. Allele-specific suppression of a mutation in the spoIIA locus. AB - From a strain carrying spoIIA69, a mutation giving rise to asporogeny, a revertant was isolated which sporulated at about 10(-2) of the wild-type frequency but in which the time-course of sporulation was much protracted. Genetic analysis of this revertant showed that it retained spoIIA69 but had acquired a secondary mutation sas. sas failed to suppress mutations in spoIID, spoIIE or spoIIG; it also failed to suppress another mutation in the spoIIA locus. sas is extremely closely linked (recombination frequency less than or equal to 1%) with the mutation spoIIA69 that it specifically suppresses. Strains carrying sas alone sporulated at a frequency at least two orders of magnitude below that in the spoIIA69 sas double mutant. It is suggested that spoIIA60 and sas lead to compensating amino acid changes in the protein specified by the spoIIA locus. PMID- 6788900 TI - DNA binding and deoxyribonuclease activity in Bacillus subtilis during temperature-induced competence development. AB - Rapid development of competence can be induced in cultures of Bacillus subtilis by incubation at 37 degrees C after previous growth at 42 degrees C. This temperature-induced competence was accompanied by an increase in DNA binding capacity and breakdown of donor DNA. Inhibition of protein synthesis prevented the rapid increase of competence. This is probably due to the inhibition of de novo synthesis of a constituent that enables the bacteria to bind DNA. PMID- 6788901 TI - Studies of some naturally occurring auxotrophs of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae requiring arginine, proline, glutamate and cystine as nutritional supplements was transformed, in several steps, to grow in a simple mineral medium containing cystine as the only growth factor with DNA from several clinically isolated strains of this organism. Using DNA from naturally occurring auxotrophs (auxotypes) known to require arginine, hypoxanthine and uracil (Arg-Hyx-Ura-), as well as other factors, it was possible to transfer nutritional markers, one at a time, into such prototrophs to obtain seven single marker auxotrophic strains. Three different uracil markers, two different hypoxanthine markers, an arginine marker, and an isoleucine--valine markers were each introduced into separate strains. Of 114 DNA samples from independently isolated strains of N. gonorrhoeae, 54 were able to transform all seven single marker strains to prototrophy. Six of the single marker strains failed to be transformed to prototrophy by DNA samples from 43 strains, thus demonstrating that all these strains possess at least six nutritional lesions in common. Two strains were shown to contain all seven nutritional lesions, whereas several strains contained some but not all of the seven lesions. Six of the seven single marker strains have been shown to revert spontaneously to prototrophy at low frequencies. During construction of prototrophic strains it was observed that genes conferring sensitivity to growth inhibition by nutrients in complex media were occasionally transferred along with prototrophy. PMID- 6788902 TI - Quantitative studies of rod--coccus morphogenesis in a temperature-sensitive rod- mutant of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cells of Bacillus subtilis RodB changed from rods to cocci when shifted from 20 to 42 degrees C in media containing no additional anions. Quantitative studies of surface growth, including cross-wall formation and pole construction, have been made from reconstructions obtained from central, longitudinal sections of cells. Measurements of surface area and volume were obtained by mathematical rotation of axial sections about their longitudinal axis. Surface markers, perhaps analogous to the wall bands of streptococci, have been used to distinguish septal from cylindrical wall. During the shape change, wall volume increased most rapidly, in relation to cell volume, at the division site. The average volume of wall distal to the septum also increased but the slopes of the lines relating distal wall volume to cell volume were the same at all stages of the shape change. The quantity of wall per distal pole gradually declined with increase of cell volume and as the cells became more coccus-like. Collectively, these features suggest that wall continues to be produced at sites of cylindrical extension but fails to become incorporated into the existing cylinder to maintain a constant diameter. Instead, wall material may be used to thicken the surface of distal poles, but the rate of addition may decline as the cells assume a coccal morphology. The change from rods to cocci may involve a progressive dependence on septal growth for surface expansion and a modification of the time at which the cross-wall is closed. Septal closure is progressively delayed as the organisms change into cocci, so that cross-wall separation precedes septal closure, as in streptococci. PMID- 6788903 TI - Influence of prenatal hypoxia on brain development: effects on body weight, brain weight, DNA, protein, acetylcholinesterase, 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate binding, and in vivo incorporation of [14C]lysine into subcellular fractions. AB - The influence of prenatal hypoxia on subsequent brain development in the young rat was investigated by examining body and brain weight, cerebral cortex wet weight, protein and DNA concentrations, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, 3 quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB)-binding levels, the relative amounts of protein in various subcellular fractions, and the in vivo incorporation of [14C]lysine into the protein of homogenate and subcellular fractions. Exposure of pregnant females to a mild hypoxia (9.1% O2, 10 h per day for the 9--11 days preceding birth) resulted in a reduced body weight in the pups and days 1 and 5 after birth; total cortical DNA was reduced but brain weight and protein content were unaffected, leading to a higher protein/DNA ratio in prenatally hypoxic pups. By 10 days of age these differences between prenatally hypoxic and control animals were no longer apparent. There were no differences between prenatally hypoxic and control animals in AChE and QNB binding per milligram cortex protein. The relative amount of synaptic membrane protein from the cerebral cortex was reduced at day 1 in prenatally hypoxic animals and the synaptic membrane fraction showed a higher level of incorporation of [14C]lysine on days 1, 5, and 10. The developmental profile of [14C]lysine incorporation showed a peak on day 10 which was higher in prenatally hypoxic rats. By 46 days after birth little difference could be found between prenatally hypoxic and control animals. PMID- 6788904 TI - Protection of neocortical tissue prisms from freeze-thaw injury by dimethyl sulphoxide. AB - Neocortical tissue prisms prepared from rat and human brain were frozen to -196 degrees C by a two-step freezing procedure and 10% dimethyl sulphoxide as cryoprotectant. Frozen and thawed rat neocortical prisms incorporated glucose into acetylcholine and carbon dioxide at 89% and 86% of control values, respectively, and noradrenaline uptake into frozen and thawed rat prisms was 94% of the control value. Frozen and thawed prisms from three human neocortical specimens showed a similar degree of protection from freeze-thaw injury. PMID- 6788905 TI - Acetylcholine synthesis and CO2 production from variously labeled glucose in rat brain slices and synaptosomes. AB - The molecular basis of the close linkage between oxidative metabolism and acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis is still unclear. We studied this problem in slices and synaptosomes by measurement of ACh synthesis from [U-14C]glucose, and 14CO2 production from [3,4-14C]- and [2-14C]glucose, an index of glucose decarboxylation by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) and the enzymes of the Krebs cycle, respectively. We examined both under conditions that either inhibited (low O2 or antimycin) or stimulated (2,4-dinitrophenol [DNP] or 35 mM K+) 14CO2 production from [2-14C]- or [3,4-14C]glucose. Incorporation of [U 14C]glucose into ACh was reduced under low O2 and by antimycin or DNP (by 51- 93%) and stimulated by 35 mM-K+ (by 30--60%). Under all of these conditions, ACh synthesis and the decarboxylation of [3,4-14C]- and [2-14C]glucose were linearly related (r = 0.741 and 0.579, respectively). The difference in the rate of 14CO2 production from [3,4-14C]- and [2-14C]glucose was used as a measure of the amount of glucose that was not oxidatively decarboxylated (efflux). We found that efflux was reduced (low O2 and antimycin), unchanged (DNP in slices), or increased (DNP in synaptosomes and K+ stimulation in slices) compared with control values under 100% O2. ACh synthesis and efflux were more closely related (r = 0.860) than ACh synthesis and 14CO2 production from variously labeled glucoses. PMID- 6788906 TI - Selective performance of the T3 uptake; a practical approach to thyroid function studies. Concise communication. AB - Of 5008 patients with normal serum thyroxine concentrations (T4 = 4.8-12.2 micrograms/dl) assayed by our laboratory during an 11-mo period, only 41 (0.82%) had an abnormal free thyroxine index (FTI). Narrowing the T4 normal range by 0.5 microgram/dl at both ends to create a discriminatory range of 5.3-11.7 microgram/dl reduced this number to 13 (0.26%). Evaluation of the medical records for 11 of these 13 patients revealed his histories of estrogen and thyroid hormone administration, individually or in combination, which may have contributed to their divergence form the population. A program for these selective performance of serum Tc uptake (T3U and FTI determinations only on those sera wtih T4 concentrations outside of a discriminatory range is described and evaluated. This initial discrimination is the first step in practical system for selective performance of additional in vitro thyroid function assays to derive maximum diagnostic information from a single patient sample. In our institution of program described is easily adapted to computerization and has resulted in a substantial reduction of reagent costs while providing more efficient utilization of laboratory personnel. PMID- 6788907 TI - A new series of Tc-99m-labeled hepatobiliary tracers: N'-acyl- and N'-sulfonyl ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acids. AB - Various Tc-99m-labeled N'-substituted derivatives of ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid (EDDA) are evaluated as hepatobiliary imaging agents. N-substituted aromatic acyl and aromatic sulfonyl derivatives of EDDA, labeled with Tc-99m, were administered to rabbits and golden hamsters, and the distribution indicated clearance by the hepatobiliary system. N'-aromatic sulfonyl EDDAs were labeled with Tc-99m by the SnCl2 method with more than 99% yield. Clearance of Tc-99m-p toluenesulfonyl EDDA from the blood and the liver was as rapid as that of TC-99m N-(2,6-diethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetic acid (Tc-99m benzenesulfonyl EDDA lowered urinary excretion. It is concluded that the sulfonyl EDDAs provide a fruitful source for Tc-99m-labeled hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals. PMID- 6788908 TI - Albumin microspheres labeled with Ga-67 by chelation: concise communication. AB - Albumin microspheres have been synthesized eith EDTA and DTPA chelating groups covalently bound to their surface. The microspheres may be labeled with Ga-67 at high yield (97 +/- 2%) by transcomplexation from a 0.1 M Ga-67 acetate solution. With EDTA microspheres the resulting label dissociates only slightly after no detectable dissociation over this period. By contrast, microspheres without chelating groups lose their label virtually completely under these conditions. Following intravenous administration of sized Ga-67 DTPA microspheres in mice, about (84 +/- 16)% of the activity localizes in the lungs at 5 min, with (60 +/- 7)% remaining after 2 hr. Since labeling is by chelation, the microspheres may also be tagged with other metallic radionuclides PMID- 6788909 TI - Thyroid testing: cost-benefit considerations. PMID- 6788910 TI - Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and cimetidine in patients with severe liver disease. PMID- 6788911 TI - Interaction between dietary protein/amino acid level and parasitic infection: morbidity in amino acid deficient or adequate chicks inoculated with Eimeria acervulina. AB - In a series of experiments designed to assess the chick's sulfur amino acid (SAA) requirement during acute coccidiosis, a striking and unexpected infection X SAA interaction was discovered. When chicks were fed diets severely deficient in SAA, Eimeria acervulina infection produced a marked growth response, while birds consuming SAA-adequate diets exhibited the expected severe growth depression when given the same dose of E. acervulina oocysts. Although the interaction was originally demonstrated in birds fed crystalline amino acid diets, it was subsequently demonstrated with intact protein diets as well. The interaction was also shown not to be unique to the SAA. Thus, lysine and E. acervulina interacted in the same manner. In fact, when birds were fed diets severely deficient in lysine, E. acervulina infection brought about a doubling of both rate and efficiency of weight gain. It was also established that the growth response to infection resulted from E. acervulina per se and not from any other component of the infective inoculum. PMID- 6788912 TI - Effects of hydroxyproline and vitamin B-6 on oxalate synthesis in rats. AB - Relationships among dietary hydroxyproline (HP), vitamin B-6 and endogenous oxalate formation have been studied. In the absence of HP, urinary oxalate excretion was greatest among rats fed vitamin B-6-deficient diets. Supplementation of rat diets with 5.2% HP markedly increased the oxalate excretion of rats fed 0, 0.2 or 10 mg of vitamin B-6 per 100 g of diet, the increases being 2-, 19- and 15-fold respectively. The metabolism of several 14C labeled oxalate precursors was altered in vitamin B-6-deficient rats. The feeding of HP and different levels of vitamin B-6 also altered their metabolism. The feeding of HP to vitamin B-6-deficient rats resulted in a decrease in the amount of 14C-oxalate formed from injected 14C-labeled glycine, glycolate or glyoxylate. In contrast, HP feeding to rats given 0.2 mg of vitamin B-6 per 100 g, resulted in a marked increase in oxalate formation from injected 14C-glycolate, as well as a decrease in respiratory 14CO2 from injected 14C-labeled glycolate and glyoxylate. HP feedings did not significantly alter the metabolism of these two injected compounds to oxalate or CO2 among rats fed the higher level of vitamin B 6, although some elevation of oxalate formation from glycolate was noted. HP feeding reduced the growth rates of all the rats, but growth depression was greatest in the vitamin B-6-deficient group. PMID- 6788914 TI - Should Oklahoma screen newborns for galactosemia? PMID- 6788913 TI - Vitamin D and its metabolites in human and bovine milk. AB - Human and bovine milk were analyzed for vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D using exhaustive chromatographic purification procedures coupled with ligand binding assays. Human milk contained the following amounts of antirachitic sterols (pg/ml, mean +/- SD, n = 5): 39 +/- 9 vitamin D; 311 +/- 31 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 52 +/- 8 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D; 32 +/- 9 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D; 5.1 +/- 0.3 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Normal bovine milk contained levels of these sterols comparable to those found in human milk. Increasing the oral dose of vitamin D to the cows was reflected by an increase of the parent vitamin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the milk. Vitamin D-binding protein concentration in human milk whey, determined by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and radioimmunoassay, was 1--2% of the levels observed in the plasma and was dependent on the stage of lactation. Vitamin D and its metabolites were shown initially to be present in the whey portion but with time migrated into the fat portion of milk. The antirachitic sterols detected account for approximately 25 IU/liter and 27 IU/liter of antirachitic activity in human and bovine milk, respectively. In both species 25 hydroxyvitamin D comprised the majority of the antirachitic sterols detected in normal milk. PMID- 6788915 TI - Dental pain and adaptive strain; a place for fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase inhibition. PMID- 6788916 TI - [Studies on urinary biochemical markers in patients with head and neck cancer: especially on polyamines, beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788917 TI - Recombinant DNA and the pediatrician. PMID- 6788918 TI - Mean airway pressure--significance during mechanical ventilation in neonates. AB - Variations in PEEP with concomitant changes of DPP while MAP, PIP, flow, FIO2, and ventilator rate remained constant were investigated in nine neonates with RDS during the first and second days of life. After stabilization on baseline ventilator settings, PEEP was increased by 3 cm of H2O and DPP decreased in order to maintain balance MAP. Following a return to baseline settings, the PEEP was decreased by 3 cm of H2O and DPP increased sufficiently to maintain constant MAP. Arterial PaO2, PaCO2, pH, blood pressure, heart rate and a/APO2 ratios were measured before, during, between, and after the experimental conditions. Analysis revealed no significant changes in PaO2, a/APO2, blood pressure, or heart rate during baseline or experimental conditions. PaCO2 decreased significantly when PEEP was decreased and DPP increased, both on day 1 (37.2 +/- 2.4 vs 41.4 +/- 2.3 torr; P less than 0.025) and day 2 (42.1 +/- 2.6 vs 46.8 +/- 2.0 torr; P less than 0.05). Changes in pH were inversely related to PaCO2 changes. This study confirms the importance of MAP in determining oxygenation in newborn infants with RDS. However, ventilation was significantly affected by variation in PEEP and DPP despite a constant MAP. PMID- 6788919 TI - Serum complement and immunoglobulin values in small-for-gestational-age infants. PMID- 6788920 TI - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acid concentrations in phenylketonuria during the newborn period. AB - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid amino acid values were determined in 29 infants 9 to 30 days of age with a confirmed diagnosis of phenylketonuria. Phenylalanine concentrations in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were markedly elevated; the degree of elevation in the cerebrospinal fluid had a significant relationship to that of the plasma. The only other significant deviations in the plasma were reductions in the threonine and tyrosine values. Cerebrospinal fluid threonine, alanine, and arginine concentrations were reduced, whereas those of serine, isoleucine, and histidine were elevated. This combined deficiency and excess of amino acids in the central nervous system may have a significant effect on protein synthesis at a time in life when this synthesis and turnover is most active. PMID- 6788921 TI - Hepatitis B and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6788922 TI - Lactic acidosis in pediatric patients with cancer receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6788923 TI - Use of transpyloric tube feeding with nonpasteurized human milk. PMID- 6788924 TI - The effect of concurrent administration of valproate sodium on phenobarbital plasma concentration/dosage ratio in pediatric patients. PMID- 6788925 TI - Hyperammonemia with valproic acid therapy. PMID- 6788926 TI - Combined treatment of neonatal jaundice with phototherapy, cholestyramine, and bicarbonate. PMID- 6788927 TI - Mucosal glucoamylase activity. PMID- 6788928 TI - Clinical zinc deficiency during zinc-supplemented parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6788929 TI - Clinical spectrum of zinc deficiency in pediatric patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). AB - In a 1-yr period, 11 infants and children were found to have symptomatic zinc deficiency associated with prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A wide variety of signs and symptoms were due to zinc deficiency, including diarrhea, anorexia, poor weight gain, perioral and perineal rash, and alopecia. A previously undescribed symptom of zinc deficiency, that of prolonged postoperative adynamic ileus, was also seen in four children. Prompt resolution of symptoms occurred with the institution of intravenous zinc sulfate (500 micrograms/kg/day). PMID- 6788930 TI - Respiratory hydrogen secretion: a simple test of bowel adaptation in infants with short gut syndrome. AB - The prime goal in the management of infants with short gut syndrome is the smooth transition from total parenteral alimentation to total gastrointestinal alimentation. Such transition is dependent upon early feeding to actively promote the intestinal mucosal hyperplasia that is the key to eventual oral alimentation. A modular hyposmolar formula was previously reported to be successful in promoting the intestinal adaptation in several infants with short gut syndrome. Progression of the daily diet was dependent upon the day's clinical response, i.e., whether a change in volume or substrate composition resulted in increased stooling or diarrhea. Diarrhea occurs when the substrate load exceeds the absorptive capacity of the intestine and may be severe enough to require a return to parenteral alimentation until intestinal recovery is complete. Monitoring of daily breath H2 has provided an early warning mechanism to indicate carbohydrate overload in the adapting bowel before clinical signs of malabsorption occur. It provides an accurate daily measure of the bowel's ability to utilize the specific volume and caloric density it is being presented, thereby allowing diet advancement in a controlled fashion. The use of the breath H2 test in three infants with short gut syndrome has assisted in the transition to oral alimentation in 3 to 20 wk without the complications of severe diarrhea. PMID- 6788933 TI - [Anti-tumor activities of some heterocyclic and nitrogen-containing compounds (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788931 TI - Surgical correction of familial diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni in the Golden Lion Tamarin. AB - The Golden Lion Tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is an endangered species of primate indigenous to the coastal rain forest of Brazil. Since 1971 a propagation and behavioral research program has been carried out on a colony of these monkeys at the Zoological Park. Several related animals have died and at necropsy have shown absence of the anterior portion of the diaphragm with a variety of abdominal viscera in the thorax. Diagnostic studies undertaken on the living members of the colony include plain chest radiographs and gastrointestinal series. Four of the animals have been found to have major diaphragmatic defects with the liver, stomach, spleen, colon, and portions of the intestine in the chest. In three of the animals so affected clinical signs of failure-to-thrive were clearly manifest, although one female born in 1968 has reproduced successfully for 8 yr with no deleterious clinical effects from the hernia. Surgical repair of the diaphragm with relocation of the abdominal viscera has been carried out in three of the animals under a combination of intravenous and intra-tracheal anesthesia. The monkeys weighed 550, 685, and 710 g, respectively. All three Tamarins have survived the operative procedure, and subsequently have shown improved clinical status. These cases have been instructive from the genetic point of view, the major anatomical defect, the type of repair necessary, and the postoperative care in small vigorous mammals. Additionally this study documents a familial factor in diaphragmatic defects in higher mammals. PMID- 6788932 TI - Hepatitis and pregnancy. Risks for the newborn. Immunoprophylaxis of vertically transmitted hepatitis. PMID- 6788934 TI - Preparation and antidiabetic activity of new 3-methyl-5 phenylpyrazolesulfonylurea derivatives. PMID- 6788935 TI - Preparation and antidiabetic activity of new substituted 3,5 diarylpyrazolesulfonylurea derivatives. PMID- 6788936 TI - A mechanism of action of gold sodium thiomalate in diseases characterized by a proliferative synovitis: reversible changes in collagen production in cultured human synovial cells. AB - These studies, conducted on early passage synovial cell mono-layers (derived from explant cultures of tissue obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis), have established that gold sodium thiomalate (GST) exposure results in dose dependent changes in cell proliferation and protein synthesis as a consequence of the cellular accumulation of gold. The amount of gold found in the cell layer is correlated with the degree of inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. Gold remains in the cell layer of treated cells after they have been subcultured twice in the absence of GST. Exposure of cells to a concentration of GST of 100 muM for 4 days results in 50% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation. This antiproliferative effect is reversible at concentrations of 10 muM GST or less. Only partial recovery is observed after exposure to higher concentrations of GST which may be related to retained gold. The amount of collagen and noncollagen protein synthesized per cell increases at concentrations of GST of 10 muM and below but decreases with concentrations above 10 muM. A dose-dependent decrease in protein synthesized per flask and a decrease in the commitment to synthesize collagen relative to total protein synthesis follows exposure to GST in excess of 10 muM for 20 days which recovers partially after synovial cells are grown in GST free medium for 10 days. An observed decrease in the percentage of type III collagen synthesized by synovial cells after GST exposure was not observed in cells grown in GST-free medium for 5 days after exposure, indicating that this effect of collagen synthesis is reversible. The reversible biochemical changes resulting from the exposure of cultured human synovial cells to GST are discussed as a mechanism of action of this drug on the proliferative synovitis that characterizes diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6788937 TI - Direct effects of nitroglycerin on the resistance, exchange and capacitance functions of the canine intestinal vasculature. AB - In the isolated dog ileum perfused with constant flow, nitroglycerin (NTG) produced dose-dependent arteriolar and venous dilatation. Experiments were performed in 22 ileum preparations to advance the study on the pre- and postcapillary resistances, functional capillary pressure, capillary filtration coefficient (CFC) and vascular compliance. At venous pressure (Pv) of 0, 10 and 20 mm Hg, and intra-arterial infusion of NTG in a submaximal dose (30 microgram/min) reduced the total and precapillary resistances, but did not change the postcapillary resistance and functional capillary pressure. This agent slightly increased the CFC calculated from a Pv range of 0 to 10 mm Hg and significantly increased the CFC value calculated from a Pv change of 0 to 20 mm Hg. At Pv = 0 mm Hg, NTG infusion caused a regional volume pooling by 1.2 +/- 0.4 mg/100 g. The vascular compliance in terms of delta blood volume/delta Pv was also significantly increased after NTG. The myogenic responses (reduction in CFC and increase in precapillary resistance) to an elevation of Pv were essentially identical before and after NTG infusion. The results suggest the NTG at the dose used acts primarily on the arterioles, precapillary sphincters and postcapillary capacitance vessels. The postcapillary resistance vessels (mainly the venules) are little affected. Although the resistance and exchange vessels are dilated by NTG, the myogenic constriction of these vessels upon Pv rises is not significantly altered. PMID- 6788938 TI - Factors affecting the supply of glucose to the heart of the rat, in vivo. AB - 1. The influx of glucose into the heart of intact, living, anaesthetized rats was measured when the levels of insulin the blood were (a) low (as a result of fasting), (b) normal, and (c) high (as a result of injecting insulin). The findings showed that the transport of glucose into cardiac cells is carrier mediated and is strongly insulin-independent. 2. The major barrier to the supply glucose to the heart from the circulating blood is at the surface membrane of the cardiac cells, rather than at the endothelium of the cardiac capillaries. 3. The extracellular space of the heart was measured and was found to be approximately 25% of the cardiac tissue. 4. During life, glucose, as well as its analogue, 3-O methylglucose passes across the membranes of the cells of the heart by means of a transport system which is strongly dependent upon insulin and appears to be carried-mediated. A likely explanation for the effect of insulin is that it increases considerably the affinity of the transport carrier for glucose. Saturation of the carrier takes place when the levels of insulin and of glucose in the blood are high. However, when the concentration of insulin is low, e.g. during a fast, the affinity of the carrier for glucose is reduced so that saturation cannot be demonstrated. 5. It is suggested that the low level of insulin that is found in the blood in the early morning, which is due to the night fast, may lead to the cardiac dysfunction which often develops at that time. PMID- 6788939 TI - Nitroglycerine and catecholamine actions on smooth muscle cells of the canine coronary artery. AB - 1. The membrane potential of smooth muscle cells of the canine coronary artery was - 52 mV, and cells were electrically quiescent. The length and time constant of the membrane were 0.83 mm and 410 msec, respectively. 2. TEA (> 10(-3) M) depolarized the membrane, increased the membrane resistance and suppressed the rectifying property of the membrane. In 10(-2) M-TEA, an outward current pulse evoked a small active response in the canine coronary artery and a large response in the porcine coronary artery. 3. In the canine coronary artery, the minimum [K]o required for contraction was 11.8 mM (-48 mV), and the maximum amplitude of the contraction was evoked in 89 mM-[K]o (-13 mV). The maximum depolarization produced by a tenfold increase in [K]o was 49 mV. 4. In the canine coronary artery, isoprenaline and a low concentration of phenylephrine reduced the resting tension, and a high concentration of phenylephrine (> 5 x 10(-5) M) produced a contraction without affecting the membrane properties. 5. Nitroglycerine reduced resting tension, suppressed the amplitude and raised the threshold of contraction evoked by excess [K]o, electrical depolarization or phenylephrine. In the canine coronary artery, the minimum concentration of nitroglycerine required to suppress K-induced contraction (17.7 mM) was 2.8 x 10(-12) M nitroglycerine. However, resting membrane properties were not affected by 2.8 x 10(-5) M nitroglycerine. TEA induced electrical response was only a little depressed by 2.8 x 10(-5) M nitroglycerine in the porcine coronary artery, while the mechanical response was markedly suppressed. 6. In the canine coronary artery, adenosine (> 10(-5) M) relaxed the tissue in the presence of 17.7 M-[K]o without affecting the membrane property. ACh (> 5 x 10(-5) M) had much the same effects as those observed by treatment with adenosine. PMID- 6788940 TI - The reflexion coefficient as a measure of transepithelial permeability in the isolated rabbit pancreas. AB - 1. The reflexion coefficients of a number of non-electrolytes and electrolytes have been determined in the isolated rabbit pancreas. 2. The reflexion coefficients of the following non-electrolytes were: urea, -0.02; glycerol, 0.06; erythritol, 0.11; sorbitol, 0.41; mannitol, 0.42; arabinose, 0.72; xylose, 0.74, assuming a value of 1.00 for sucrose. 3. These values are equal within the experimental error to values previously obtained with a tracer technique for the same preparation, but they are significantly lower than those reported by other investigators for the isolated perfused cat pancreas. 4. Addition of 100 mM sucrose to the bathing medium resulted in proportionally increased Na+ and K+ concentrations in the secreted fluid. The secreted fluid remained isotonic with the bathing medium under all circumstances. 5. Addition of 10(-5) M-carbachol to the bathing medium led to a reduction in the reflexion coefficient of sucrose from 1 to 0.85, but only when 25 mM-sucrose was used. 6. The reflexion coefficients of electrolytes were: NaCl, 0.50; KCl, 0.51; NaHCO3, 0.52 and choline chloride, 1.02. 7. It is concluded that the isolated rabbit pancreas is highly permeable, both to electrolytes and to small non-electrolytes, probably being more leaky than any other epithelium studied so far. PMID- 6788942 TI - The chemotherapy of protozoal infections of man. PMID- 6788941 TI - Two components of electrical dark noise in toad retinal rod outer segments. AB - 1. Physiological noise in the visual transduction mechanism was studied by recording membrane current from single rod outer segments in pieces of isolated toad retina. 2. The inward current in darkness showed spontaneous fluctuations which disappeared during the response to bright light. 3. The dark noise consisted of two components, a continuous fluctuation of rms amplitude about 0.2 pA and occasional discrete events about 1 pA in size. 4. Intervals between discrete events followed the exponential distribution expected of a Poisson process with a mean rate of about one event per 50 sec (20 degrees C). 5. The amplitude and power spectrum of the discrete events resembled those of single photon effects in the same rod, suggesting that discrete events may arise from spontaneous activation of single rhodopsin molecules. 6. The temperature dependence of the mean frequency of occurrence of discrete events gave an activation energy of 22 kcal mole-1, probably characteristic of thermal isomerization of rhodopsin. 7. The variance of the continuous component of the dark noise rose linearly with the length of the outer segment drawn into the suction electrode, indicating that this component is generated in the outer segment. 8. The power spectrum of a rod's continuous noise was usually fitted by the square of a Lorentzian with the same time constant as that of the four first order delays in the cell's single photon response. The shot effects composing the continuous component thus appear to be shaped by two of four sequential processes in transduction. 9. The variance and spectrum of the continuous noise are interpreted to reflect shot effects about 1/400 the size of a single photon effect occurring at a frequency of 6 x 10(3) sec-1. 10. The rod's flash sensitivity was halved by a steady light to giving about 8 photoisomerizations sec-1. The much lower mean rate of discrete events indicates that Io in increment sensitivity experiments on individual receptors is not set by thermal activation of rhodopsin. 11. Values of sensitivity and time-to-peak flash response collected from many cells in darkness were correlated by the same power law relation obtaining in the presence of backgrounds. The correlation observed would be explained if a single variable controlled both the gain and time scale of several stages of the transduction mechanism in background light and in darkness. PMID- 6788943 TI - Content, synthesis, and function of polyamines in trypanosomatids: relationship to chemotherapy. PMID- 6788944 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations during the ovarian cycle and lactation and their relationship to return of fertility post partum in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - A heterologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay was used to measure plasma prolactin concentrations in 27 marmosets. The assay was valid for the marmoset because plasma levels of prolactin were increased in response to TRH and metoclopramide and suppressed in response to bromocriptine treatment. During the cycle there were no consistent changes in plasma prolactin concentrations. During lactation mothers suckling single or twin infants had higher prolactin levels than did non-suckling females and levels were highest with twins. No statistically significant delay in the resumption of ovulation post partum was observed for the suckling and non-suckling females; conception occurred in all but one marmoset by 70 days post partum. These results show that neither the suckling stimulus nor high levels of prolactin post partum delay the return of ovulation and fertility in the common marmoset, a result in contrast to that for all other primate species so far investigated. PMID- 6788945 TI - The role of protein synthesis in regulation of oestradiol-17 beta in the pro oestrous hamster. AB - Injection (s.c.) of 2 mg cycloheximide at 14:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus prevented the normal rise in serum progesterone and significantly lowered progesterone levels at 15:00 h. Values then rose but only to approximately half of the control values between 16:00 h and 19:00 h. Oestradiol levels also decreased drastically by 15:00 h but were significantly higher in cycloheximide treated animals until 19:00 h. FSH and LH concentrations were not affected when cycloheximide was given at 14:00 h but treatment at 10:00 h resulted in generally lower values. Animals treated with cycloheximide at 14:00 h failed to ovulate (N = 9), but simultaneous injection of 50 micrograms progesterone restored ovulation in 50% of the treated animals. In contrast, hamsters injected with cycloheximide at 10:00 h ovulated the next morning, suggesting that protein synthesis essential for ovulation is limited to the first 4-5 h after the release of LH. PMID- 6788946 TI - Prolactin and LH release in response to LH-RH and TRH in ewes during dioestrus, pregnancy and post partum. AB - With advancing pregnancy in the ewe there was a marked decline in plasma LH concentrations and pituitary LH-RH responsiveness (integrated LH release) and a marked increase in plasma prolactin values and pituitary TRH responsiveness (integrated prolactin release). In lactating ewes plasma LH levels and pituitary LH-RH responsiveness had returned to values found in the luteal phase of the normal cycle by 21 days post partum, whereas at 42 days post partum prolactin levels were still high. No interaction between TRH and LH-RH on prolactin and LH release in dioestrous ewes was detected. In non-pregnant ewes plasma prolactin levels were significantly higher in June than in January but TRH responsiveness was similar. It is concluded that, in sheep, pituitary LH secretion recovers more rapidly from the chronic negative feedback effect of oestrogens and progesterone in pregnancy than prolactin secretion recovers from the chronic positive feedback effects of oestrogens. This finding may be a contributory factor in the resistance to resumption of breeding activity. PMID- 6788947 TI - Urinary oestrogen excretion in the female cotton-topped tamarin (Saguinus oedipus oedipus). AB - Daily urinary oestrogen excretion was measured by radioimmunoassay in 6 adult female cotton-topped tamarins. Four females showed obvious cyclicity in oestrogen excretion and the mean cycle length for 10 complete cycles was 22.7 +/- 1.7 days with a range of 19-25 days. In 3 of the 6 females a dip-and-read test for blood in the urine gave positive readings which were distributed during trough and mid cycle periods although females of this species are believed not to menstruate. PMID- 6788948 TI - Changes in concentrations of serum prolactin, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone and of the sex skin during the menstrual cycle in the mangabey monkey (Cercocebus atys lunulatus). AB - Daily blood samples were collected from 6 regularly menstruating mangabey monkeys. Because serum LH could not be measured by a radioimmunoassay for human LH, Day 0 was taken as the day of maximum serum oestradiol concentration. The hormone patterns were very similar to those of other cercopithecids and women. However, the peak of serum progesterone was lower in mangabeys than in women. There was no distinct peak of serum oestradiol during the luteal phase of mangabeys but the average levels were higher than during the early follicular phase, a pattern more similar to that in other non-human primates than in women. Serum prolactin rose by about 50%, 48 h after the serum oestradiol peak, then declined during the mid-luteal phase before rising at the end of the cycle. Changes in the sex skin dimensions followed the same pattern as the serum oestradiol concentrations. PMID- 6788949 TI - Follicle cell regulation of protein synthesis and developmental competence in sheep oocytes. AB - The developmental capacity of sheep oocytes cultured outside the follicle was greatly increased by the presence of high concentrations of gonadotrophins (10 micrograms/ml) in the medium. However, even under these conditions, the developmental capacity of the oocytes was only half that of oocytes cultured within the intact follicle. The presence of the cumulus was essential for development; nearly all denuded oocytes failed to undergo cleavage. Maturational changes in the oocyte involving increased amino acid uptake increased incorporation and specific changes in protein synthesis were inhibited by the follicle cells; this suppression was alleviated by gonadotrophic hormones. The cumulus cells suppressed amino acid incorporation and, to some extent, the changes in protein synthesis. However, the suppression of amino acid uptake required the presence of the whole follicle. Patterns of protein synthesis by oocytes cultured outside the follicle differed from those in oocytes cultured within the follicle, irrespective of the presence of the cumulus or gonadotrophins. Analysis of single oocytes cultured outside the follicle showed that the protein profiles varied markedly even under identical culture conditions. PMID- 6788950 TI - Sequential changes in placental blood gases and pH during the hour following delivery. AB - We studied the effect of a delay in blood sampling on the measurement of placental blood gases, pH and calculated bicarbonate. Blood was sampled serially at 15-minute intervals during the hour following delivery from placentas and attached umbilical cords of unasphyxiated term neonates. Placentas and attached cords were stored at room temperature. When blood was sampled exclusively from the segment of the umbilical vein lying within the umbilical cord, there were no statistically significant changes during the time of study in pH, PCO2 or PoO2. When some or all of the serial samples were taken from vessels on the surface of the placenta, there was a statistically and biologically significant decrease in the pH and increase in the PCO2 values of the blood. Our results indicate that the validity of the measurements of umbilical venous blood gases and pH is not affected by up to an hour's delay in blood sampling. PMID- 6788951 TI - Medical research and national economics. PMID- 6788952 TI - Altered drug binding to serum proteins in pregnant women: therapeutic relevance. AB - The binding of diazepam, phenytoin and valproic acid to serum proteins in vitro has been compared in pregnant women of different gestational ages and in controls. The unbound fraction of each of three drugs was elevated during pregnancy (particularly during the last 8 weeks) probably due, at least in part, to a fall in serum albumin concentration. These findings may provide a partial explanation for the increase in the clearance of certain drugs during pregnancy and need to be taken into account when interpreting serum drug levels in clinical practice. PMID- 6788953 TI - Carlos Chagas and the discovery of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). PMID- 6788954 TI - Cerebral cysticercosis in a dog. PMID- 6788955 TI - Synthesis and antitumor activity of cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanines and related compounds. AB - The natural catecholic amino acid 5-S-cysteinyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (1) was selectively toxic to a variety of human tumor cell lines in culture and exhibited antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia and B-16 melanoma in mice at doses which were not toxic to the host. Structural analogues of 5-S-cysteinyl-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine including several new compounds, were synthesized and tested for growth inhibition of cultured cells of human neuroblastoma YT-nu and Chinese hamster fibroblasts Don-6. Some were also examined for antitumor activity against L1210 and B-16 in vivo. 4-S-Cysteinylcatechols and 2- and 4-S cyteinylphenols, which cannot be prepared by conventional methods, were synthesized by the reaction of catechols and phenols with cystine and boiling aqueous HBr. 5-S-Cysteinyl- and 2-S-Cysteinyl-3,4-dihyroxyphenylalanine (1 and 2), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa), and 2- and 4-S-cysteinylphenol (14 and 15) were toxic to the YT-nu cell line only, while 4-S-cysteinylcatechol (6), 3-S cysteinyl-5-methylcatechol (8), 5-S-cysteaminyldopamine (9), and 4-methylcatechol were strongly toxic to both cell lines. Compound I (1000 mg/kg), 6 (500 mg/kg), and 8 (400 mg/kg) increased the life span of L1210-bearing mice by 50, 50, and 43%, respectively, and compounds 1 and 8 were marginally effective against B-16 melanoma as well. Compound 9 was too toxic to show any activity. There was a good correlation between the cytotoxicity and the in vivo activity. PMID- 6788957 TI - Pyrazolo[5,1-b]quinazolin-9-ones: a new series of antiallergic agents. PMID- 6788956 TI - Synthesis of thyrotropin-releasing hormone analogues with selective central nervous system effects. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues which show relative selectivity for action in the central nervous system have been recognized. Practical syntheses for three of these TRH analogues which show the greatest selectivity, less than Aad-His-Tzl-NH2 (5), less than Glu-His-Pip-OMe (2), and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 (6), are described. The first two were prepared by solution methods of peptide synthesis. Compound 6 was prepared by the solid-phase method. Problems of histidine racemization, facile diketopiperazine formation, and instability of acylated thiazolidine carboxylic acid derivatives under acidic conditions have been minimized in order to attain optimal yields. Physical properties such as pK, NMR shifts, and circular dichroism have been examined as they might relate to biological activity and peptide conformation. PMID- 6788958 TI - Malnutrition and immunocompetence: increased mortality following an infectious challenge during hyperalimentation. AB - Malnutrition is associated with an increased susceptibility to infection by altering host defense mechanisms. A number of investigators have demonstrated restoration of in vitro immunocompetence following nutritional repletion with intravenous hyperalimentation. This study was designed to assess in vivo host defense mechanisms following protein depletion and repletion using a septic challenge. Female Fischer rats (150 gm) were fed a regular diet or a 2% agar protein depletion (DEP) diet for 14 days. The rats were then administered an infectious challenge with intraperitoneal injections of 7 ml/kg of a solution of 10(9) organisms/ml of E. coli with 4 gm% hemoglobin as red cells. Two additional organisms were repleted by regular diet (DEP-Oral) or by an intravenous solution (DEP-TPN) of dextrose-amino acid-lipid (D25 3.75% Aminosyn, 10% Intralipid) for an additional 2-week period, and given the experimental peritonitis challenge. Normal rats challenged with E. coli-hemoglobin adjuvant peritonitis had 66% survival as opposed to 15% survival of protein depleted rats. Protein-depleted (DEP-oral) rats refed with regular diets had a 60% survival which was comparable to normal controls. Rats repleted with intravenous hyperalimentation had a mortality comparable to protein-depleted controls. The data confirm that protein depletion is associated with loss of host defense mechanisms. Although refeeding by regular diet resulted in restoration of host defense, repletion by parenteral nutrition, in this model, did not improve survival. PMID- 6788959 TI - Adenocarcinoma of a female urethral diverticulum: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6788960 TI - Effect of testosterone enanthate on testis size. AB - We treated chronically 39 normal men with a depot androgen, testosterone enanthate (200 mg. intramuscularly), to assess its potential as a male contraceptive agent. Careful examination and quantification of testicular volume were done before, during and after several dose regimens of androgen therapy. After 4 months of weekly or bimonthly treatment with testosterone enanthate testicular volume decreased by 19.0 plus or minus 2.1 and 16.5 plus or minus 3.4 per cent, respectively. Decrease in testicular volume was related directly to decrease in sperm count. A total of 17 subjects on either weekly or bimonthly injections failed to suppress sperm counts to less than 5 million per cc after 16 weeks; testicular volume was not significantly less than control at this time. Four to 12 weeks of additional weekly injections decreased sperm counts to less than 5 million per cc in 13 of the 17 patients and decreased testicular volume by 23.0 plus or minus 4.8 per cent. The 16 additional weeks of less frequent injections (every 3 or 4 weeks) resulted in an increase in testicular volume with a return to normal size after treatment was discontinued. PMID- 6788961 TI - Mammalian wildlife diseases as hazards to man and livestock in an area of the Llanos Orientales of Colombia. AB - Development of the LLanos Orientales of Colombia, and access to underdeveloped areas in the Llanos, may create disease hazards to man and domestic animals or introduce exotic pathogens, creating reservoirs of infection for domestic animals and acting as limiting factors on the native wild species. A survey of wild animals common to the Llanos revealed a number of parasites indigenous to the area. A total total of 59 mammalian species, representing eight orders were examined. Haematozoa were represented by Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and T. rangeli. Eight species of ticks were found: Amblyomma cajennense, A. auricularium, A. rotundatum, A. maculatum, A. longirostre, A. pacae, Ixodes luciae and Boophilus microplus. Four species of fleas were found: Rhopalopsyllus lugubris lugubris, R. australis tupinus, R. cacicus saevus and Polygenis klagesi samuelis. A species of Echinococcus was commonly found in Cuniculus paca. Serologic titers and/or isolations of pathogenic viral and bacterial agents generally indicated that the wildlife population had not been exposed to the diseases common to the domestic population. A low prevalence of titers to Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis was found in Cebus apella and Proechimys sp. Neutralizing antibodies to Group B viruses were found in Proechimys sp., Coendor sp. and Nectomys squamipes. Antibodies to Group C viruses were found in Proechimys sp. Serologic titers to Leptospira sejroe and L. tarassovi were found in Proechimys sp. and Didelphis marsupialis. L. tarassovi was isolated from Proechimys sp. Titers to Brucella were not found in 1964 animals. The significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6788962 TI - Brucellosis in elk III. Serologic evaluation. AB - The efficacy of the standard plate agglutination (SPT), buffered Brucella antigen rapid card (BBA), rivanol (Riv) and complement fixation (CFT) tests was statistically evaluated and correlated with known brucellosis infections in elk. Low titers on the SPT were detected in artificially exposed mature cow elk 2 weeks postinoculation and other tests began detecting antibodies at 3 weeks. Titers on all tests were detected as long as 4 years postinoculation. Serologic response was similar in artificially and naturally infected cows. Bulls did not maintain serologic titers as long as cows. The SPT at 1:25 or higher most frequently detected Brucella antibodies in infected elk, while the SPT at 1:100 or more least frequently detected antibodies. The percent of elk reacting at 1:100 or greater on the SPT declined rapidly after 6 months postinoculation. Combinations of any 2 of the 4 tests used had close agreement in concurrently identifying infected elk. The CFT correctly identified the greatest number (93%) of elk which were culture positive at necropsy and CFT titers persisted longer than those of the other tests. A CFT reaction persisted longer (average 10.7 weeks) than that of any other test in calves that demonstrated postnatal titers. The serologic responses of calves which acquired active infections were similar to adults. Criteria for identifying seropositive elk are discussed. PMID- 6788963 TI - Parasites of waterfowl, from southwest Texas: III. The green-winged teal, Anas crecca. AB - Seventy of 72 green-winged teal, Anas crecca, from southwest Texas were infected with parasites. Seventeen species of endoparasites were recorded: Notocotylus attenuatus, Zygocotyle lunata, Typhlocoelum sisowi, Echinostoma revolutum, Hypoderaeum conoideum, Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta, Cloacotaenia megalops, Sobolevicanthus gracilis, Sobolevicanthus krabbeella, Gastrotaenia cygni, Amidostomum acutum, Amidostomum anseris, Tetrameres crami, Echinuria uncinata, Corynosoma constrictum, Polymorphus minutus. Also recorded were five species of ectoparasites: Trinoton querquedulae, Anaticola crassicornis, Anatoecous icterodes, Holomenopon setigerum and Epidermoptes sp. and the sacrosporidian, Sarcocystis rileyi. Anatoecous icterodes is a new host record for A. crecca. Sobolevicanthus gracilis, S. krabbeella, T. sisowi, and D. pulverulenta are new records for A. crecca in North America. Sobolevicanthus krabbeella is also a new record for North America. Fall juveniles had greater mean parasite intensity (29) than fall (19) and spring adults (19). Juveniles were infected with fewer species of parasites (17) than adults (20). Simpson's index was very low (0.11) indicating a diverse parasite fauna. Sorenson's index of similarity indicated that the parasite fauna for green-winged teal from southwest Texas was more similar to the shoveler's, Anas clypeata, parasites reported from southwest Texas (55%) than to green-winged teal parasites reported from eastern Canada (41%) and New Brunswick, Canada (21%). PMID- 6788965 TI - From the NIH: Primate studies indicate that subclinical and acute vitamin C deficiency may lead to periodontal disease. PMID- 6788964 TI - Donor transaminase and recipient hepatitis. Impact on blood transfusion services. AB - To assess the relationship of donor alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level to recipient hepatitis, 283 transfused patients were prospectively followed up after open heart surgery; hepatitis developed in 12.7%, of which 97% was non-A, non-B. The ALT tests of 3,359 donors to these patients indicated that risk of hepatitis was significantly associated with the level of donor ALT; 29% of 52 patients receiving at least 1 unit of blood with an ALT level greater than 53 IU/L had hepatitis develop (20.7 cases per 1,000 units), compared with 9% of 231 recipients of only blood with an ALT level of 53 IU/L or less (7.8 cases per 1,000 units). Calculation of corrected efficacy predicts that, at an exclusion level equivalent to 2.25 SDs above the mean log for normal subjects, ALT testing of donors could prevent 29% of posttransfusion hepatitis at the loss of 1.6% of donor units. PMID- 6788966 TI - What the clinician should know about the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6788967 TI - Changes in phosphorus distribution during total parenteral nutrition. AB - To investigate the mechanism of hypophosphatemia during total parenteral nutrition (TPN), changes in phosphate (P) contents in the liver and muscle of rats supported by TPN for 2 days at 270 cal/g were studied in 39 Sprague Dawley rats (200 g body weight), divided into 5 groups as follows: G-I: starved for 24 hr (n = 7); G-II: TPN (5 mEq P/1000 cal) after 24 hr starvation (n = 7); G-III: starved for 4 days (n = 7); G-IV: TPN (5 mEq P/1000 cal) after 4 days starvation (n = 9); G-V: TPN (35 mEq P/1000 cal) after 4 days starvation (n = 9). P contents of the tissues were measured colorimetrically. Results indicated that muscle P content decreased in the depleted rat supported by TPN with low P intake, while an increase in P content in the liver was a constant finding in each TPN group. Increase in P intake tended to preserve the P content in the muscle. These findings suggest that the changes in P distribution in major body tissues must be considered in addition to the changes in the serum inorganic P levels to evaluate an adequate P requirement for TPN. PMID- 6788968 TI - Fat emulsion catabolism in vitro and in vivo--sex related differences. AB - The removal rates of an intravenously administered 10% fat emulsion (Intralipid) from plasma in male and female conscious rats are described. The plasma concentration of fat emulsion particles at various time intervals following a bolus administration (0.2 g/kg) was measured by nephelometry. At the dose employed, the removal of fat emulsion from the plasma followed first order kinetics, ie, a constant fraction was removed from the plasma per unit of time, K2 (%/min). Females exhibited a significantly greater fractional removal rate (K2) than comparably aged males (21.0 +/- 1.0 vs 15.0 +/- 1.4, p less than 0.05). Postheparin lipoprotein lipase, measured using fat emulsion as substrate, also was significantly greater in female rats compared with males. Our results demonstrate that, in rats, fat emulsion (Intralipid) is catabolized more rapidly in females than in males and a greater lipoprotein lipase activity in female rats may be the causative factor. PMID- 6788969 TI - Maintenance of gastrointestinal function after bowel surgery and immediate enteral full nutrition. II. Clinical experience, with objective demonstration of intestinal absorption and motility. PMID- 6788971 TI - Effect of intravenous nutrition, with glucose as the only calorie source, on muscle glycogen. AB - This study was undertaken to assess the clinical significance of changes in muscle glycogen in the calculation of the energy requirements of patients fed intravenously. The glycogen content of the vastus or rectus muscle of 27 ill surgical patients with serious complications of the gastrointestinal tract was determined before and after a course of intravenous nutrition with various quantities of glucose as the caloric source. The quantity of glycogen in muscle before intravenous nutrition for all patients was 37 +/- 23 mg/g dry muscle; this was increased significantly (p less than .01) to 69 +/- 44 mg/g dry muscle after 14 days of feeding. In 5 patients who received intravenous nutrition for another 2 weeks, the glycogen content of the vastus muscle increased from a mean value of 80 mg/g dry muscle on day 14 of feeding to 106 mg/g on day 28, but this was not significant. The administration of glucose is invariably associated with an increase in the stores of muscle glycogen but the calorie equivalent of this gain in glycogen is small and, by our calculations, is no more than 530 kcal over the 14 days. We suggest that this gain is small relative to the energy expenditure of this type of patient and is of little clinical significance in the determination of their calorie requirements. PMID- 6788970 TI - Plasma fatty acid patterns of bone marrow transplant patients primarily supported by fat-free parenteral nutrition. AB - Oral food tolerance is compromised by drug and radiation therapy administered to patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation for hematological malignancy or aplastic anemia. Resultant decreases in oral fat intake coincident with fat-free parenteral nutrition may predispose patients to essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. Determinations were made of the fatty acid composition of plasma total lipid from 20 bone marrow transplant patients on admission, at the time of bone marrow transplant, and on days 7, 14, 30, and 60 post-bone marrow transplant. Patients ate ad libitum but with little appetite and received fat free parenteral nutrition interrupted for numerous blood product and drug infusions. Abnormal EFA status was manifest (20:3 omega 9/20:4 ratio greater than 0.2) in 12 of 20 patients during the course of treatment. Plasma EFA status was consistently correlated with oral fat intake but not with sex, age, percentage of ideal body weight, or amount of plasma infused. This suggests that dietary fat was absorbed limiting the severity of EFA deficiency. Interruptions of glucose infusion averaging only about 2 hours/day, also may have helped moderate the deficiency. PMID- 6788972 TI - Development of fat emulsions. AB - The studies on the possibility of preparing IV fat emulsions began in the 1920's; since then, a very large number of emulsions with various fats and emulsifiers have been investigated. However, none of the early fat emulsions could be used safely in man. By the trial and error technique, a method was finally found to prepare soybean oil and egg yolk phospholipids to make a fat emulsion that had a low incidence of adverse reactions. A newly devised biological test system based on nutritional concepts was of crucial importance. It meant that any energy supplying nutrient should be tested in animals in relation to the energy requirement of the species used and not identical to the human dose/kg body weight as in the "classical" toxicity and tolerance tests. With the development of well-tolerated IV fat emulsions it has been possible to devise a TPN regimen that is adequate from a nutritional point of view as well as an adequate alternative to the ordinary oral food. This regimen, which can be administered by the peripheral route, means that the original aims for developing IV fat emulsions were finally achieved. PMID- 6788974 TI - Central vein thrombosis associated with intravenous feeding--a prospective study. AB - Thirty consecutive patients receiving intravenous feeding according to a standard protocol were studied for possible central vein thrombosis by contrast venography. Twenty-two patients had contrast venograms and 6 venograms revealed significant thrombus. Only 1 patient had any clinical evidence of thrombosis. It is suggested that prophylaxis of central vein thrombosis should be standard with intravenous feeding. PMID- 6788973 TI - Comparison of a new 10% and 20% safflower oil fat emulsion in pediatric parenteral nutrition. AB - A new 20% safflower oil fat emulsion was compared with its 10% counterpart in a small series of pediatric patients. Five infants and children, studied for a 2 week period, received either the 10% or 20% emulsion for 1 week and the other emulsion the 2nd week. No serious toxicity or side effects were noted in any of the patients following the infusion of either emulsion. In addition, significant weight gain was noted in the children, and clinical improvement was apparent in all cases. This preliminary study suggests that the 20% Liposyn is as safe and effective as its 10% counterpart. PMID- 6788976 TI - Home total parenteral nutrition during pregnancy: a case report. AB - A 26-year-old female was given total parenteral nutrition without complications during the last 2 months of her pregnancy. A partial small bowel obstruction caused by Crohn's disease prevented oral alimentation, necessitating parenteral nutrition. A term, female infant weighing 2680 grams was delivered vaginally without complications. At birth and 11 months of age, the infant's physical and developmental assessments were normal. This case report demonstrates that total parenteral nutrition can be administered during the last trimester of pregnancy to improve maternal nutrition so as to promote fetal growth. PMID- 6788975 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. AB - One hundred and twenty-one cancer patients received 134 courses of total parenteral nutrition (TPN); almost all were treated with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The average weight loss prior to TPN was 6.7 kg and albumin 3.1 g%/patient; 25% glucose solution with 4.25 g% amino acids was used as a calorie and nitrogen source. The average weight gain was 2.6 kg for those who received TPN less than 2 wk and 4.5 kg if TPN was given for greater than 2 wk. Complications were low; 3% had proven TPN-related septicemia. Mild to moderate reversible metabolic complications were common, although severe complications were rare; no one died because of TPN. Our experience confirms the previous reports that TPN can be given safely to malnourished compromised cancer patients. PMID- 6788978 TI - Gynecomastia. PMID- 6788977 TI - Growth failure in Crohn's disease: an approach to treatment. AB - Seven children with Crohn's disease and linear growth retardation were studied in order to determine the best method of treating this psychologically debilitating complication. No single therapeutic approach was successful in all patients. Three patients responded to enteral caloric supplementation, one to central venous alimentation, and one low dose corticosteroid therapy, and two responded to surgical extirpation of the involved segments of bowel. PMID- 6788979 TI - 250 cases of carcinoma of urinary bladder: a preliminary review. PMID- 6788980 TI - Tetanus neonatorum. (A preliminary report on the assessment of different therapeutic regimens). PMID- 6788981 TI - Retroperitoneal abscesses--case reports. PMID- 6788982 TI - Unusual xiphopagus conjoined twins. PMID- 6788983 TI - Zaheeruddin Mohammad Babar. PMID- 6788984 TI - [In vitro studies on the activities of cephalothin against selected bacteria (author's transl)]. AB - Cephalothin antimicrobial activities were studied against selected bacteria with special reference to the time of exposure of microbes to the drug assessed in broth medium. The minimal concentration of this drug producing 10(0)-10(1) reduction of colony forming unit (CFU) per ml after given exposure times -an approximation to the theoretical bacteriostatic concentration inhibiting increase or decrease of CFU- was designated as minimally reducing concentration (MRC). The concentration was determined after 6 h, 18 h and 42 h of incubation and designated as 6-h, 18-h and 42-h MRC, respectively. Conventional minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) with 18 h exposure time was also studied. The minimal concentration of the drug yielding 99.9% reduction of CFU after an exposure to the drug was determined and designated as minimal lethal concentration (MLC). The determinations were made at 6 h, 18 h and 42 h of incubation and designated as 6-h, 18-h and 42-h MLC, respectively. The data indicated that the bacteriostatic concentration for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. with brief exposure time (6-h MRC) was 2-4 times lower than the MIC. If the exposure time was prolonged (18-42 h), the bacteriostatic concentration increased and almost agreed with the MIC. A significant effect of inoculum size was observed on the MRC values for the Gram-negatives when the values were determined with the inoculum concentrations at 10(6)-10(7) CFU/ml and 10(3)-10(4) CFU/ml. In contrast to these Gram-negatives, the 6-h MRC for most strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus roughly agreed with the MIC. If the ratio of bacteriostatic to bactericidal concentrations was used as the criterion, the mode of action of cephalothin appeared to be bactericidal for most of the Gram-negatives. This drug was bacteriostatic for a number of the Gram positive strains, in particular to those of Enterococcus, especially when microbes were exposed to the drug over a brief period of time. PMID- 6788985 TI - [Progress in blood coagulation chemistry]. PMID- 6788987 TI - [Primary macroglobulinemia with a radiographic feature of the pulmonary pleural as its major symptom]. PMID- 6788986 TI - [Neoplastic and paraneoplastic nature of immunoglobulin diseases]. PMID- 6788988 TI - [Problem of determination of serum iron by electroanalytical method: studies on methodologic differences in values for serum iron (author's transl)]. PMID- 6788989 TI - Effects of testosterone and estradiol on prostaglandin E synthesis by rat kidney medulla. AB - When prostaglandin E (PGE) contents in kidney medullary tissue were determined, we found that the PGE level was significantly higher in the male rats. The activity of PG synthetase in kidney medullary microsomes to synthesize PGE2 and the effect of treatment with sex hormones on the activity were also investigated. There was no significant difference in PG synthetase activity between male and female intact rats. Subsequently, ovariectomy and orchidectomy wee carried out and corn oil (control group), testosterone (2.0 mg/kg) or estradiol (0.2 mg/kg) were given subcutaneously every other day for 2 weeks. Testosterone treatment produced a significant increase in the activity of PG synthetase in males, but not in females, when compared with control values. In contrast, estradiol treatment produced a significant decrease in PG synthetase activity in both sexes. These results suggest that sex hormones may play an important role in the regulation of PG biosynthesis in kidney. PMID- 6788990 TI - Studies on beta-phenylethylamine deamination by human placental monoamine oxidase. AB - Kinetical properties of human placental monoamine oxidase (MAO) were investigated in studies on inhibitors and mixed substrates. MAO activity was determined by a radioisotopic assay. Lineweaver-Burk plots were linear at higher and lower concentrations of PEA, whereas at intermediate substrate concentrations, a downward curving plot was obtained. The Km values of the low- and high-affinity sites for PEA deamination were estimated. Studies with mixed substrates showed that 5-HT was a competitive inhibitor and tyramine a mixed-type inhibitor of deamination at high concentrations of PEA, whereas both were non-competitive inhibitors at lower concentrations of PEA. After pre-incubation of human placental mitochondrial preparations with deprenyl, Lineweaver-Burk plots were completely linear, and the Km value was the same as that obtained at low concentrations of PEA in the absence of deprenyl. Tyramine and 5-HT were competitive inhibitors of PEA deamination by deprenyl-treated MAO. From these results it is concluded that there are two kinds of MAO with high- and low affinity sites for PEA in mitochondria of human placenta, corresponding to type B and A Mao, and that tyramine, 5-HT and PEA share a substrate-binding site on type A Mao, while tyramine and 5-HT bind to a site on type B MAO that is different from the PEA binding site. PMID- 6788991 TI - 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced DNA binding and repair synthesis in susceptible and nonsusceptible mammary epithelial cells in culture. AB - The effect of age and parity on the binding of 7,12-dimethybenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to DNA and the repair of DMBA-damaged DNA have been demonstrated in logarithmic phase and confluent mammary epithelial cell cultures from young virgin (YV), old virgin (OV), and parous (P) noninbred and inbred Sprague-Dawley rats. Over a dose range of 0.1-0.4 micrograms DMBA/ml, DNA binding was 1.5-to 2.0 fold higher in YV cells than in OV or P cells. In addition, a steeper slope of the dose-response curve was obtained with YV cells, suggesting a greater susceptibility of YV cells to DMBA. Excision repair was determined by measuring, in the presence of hydroxyurea and 5-bromodeoxyuridine, tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA during the repair process. At high doses od DMBA (0.5-2.0 micrograms/ml), excision repair in YV cells was 1.5 times higher than in OV cells and 2 times higher than in P cells. However, with lower DMBA doses (less than 0.5 micrograms/ml) similar levels of repair were obtained in all 3 groups of rats. Since binding to DNA is higher in YV cells at these low DMBA doses, ti is apparent that OV and P cells exhibit a greater DNA repair per unit damage. These results, therefore, suggest that age and parity not only lower the binding of DMBA to mammary epithelial cell DNA but also increase the efficiency of DNA repair processes, which may explain the lower susceptibility of OV and P rats to DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis. PMID- 6788992 TI - Comparison of DNA damage by methylmelamines and formaldehyde. AB - The cytoxicity and DNA damaging activity of S9-activated hexamethylmelamine (HMM) and pentamethylmelamine (PMM) were compared with suspected active metabolites in mouse leukemia L1210 cells. The presence of semicarbazide hydrochloride did not alter the cytotoxicity of S9-activated HMM and PMM or that of their hydroxylated analogs monomethylolpentamethylmelamine (MPM) and trimethyloltrimethylmelamine (TTM), which have been suggested as active metabolites. Following treatment of L1210 cells with high concentrations of activated HMM and PMM, there were no DNA single-strand breaks or interstrand cross-links observed by DNA alkaline elution and only a low frequency of DNA-protein cross-links. Formaldehyde (FA) at nonlethal concentrations caused far greater DNA-protein cross-linking. In contrast, the polyfunctional TTM produced both DNA-protein cross-linking and DNA interstrand cross-linking. The cytotoxicities of HMM and PMM were found unlikely to be related to extracellular or intracellular release of FA. PMID- 6788993 TI - Immunoglobulin G heavy-chain allotypes as possible genetic markers for human cancer. AB - Serum samples from 343 unrelated, healthy Japanese, 194 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive healthy carriers, 96 patients with primary hepatoma, 91 patients with lung cancer, 94 patients with breast cancer, and 87 patients with gastric cancer were examined for IgG heavy-chain allotypes (Gm). The Gm phenotypes of the sera from patients with breast cancer exhibited a distribution similar to that of the normal controls. However, compared to that of normal controls, the Gm phenotype (1,2,21,13,15,16) was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma(chi 2 (1) = 15.12, corrected P less than 0.01) and in the patients with lung cancer (chi 2 (1) = 10.97, corrected P less than 0.05). Compared to that of normal controls, the haplotype Gm 1,2,21 was significantly increased in the patients with primary hepatoma (chi 2 (1) = 22.34, corrected P less than 0.01). Increased frequency of Gm 1,2,21 in primary hepatoma was also significant compared to that of HBsAg-positive healthy carriers (chi 2 (1) = 9.25, corrected P less than 0.05). PMID- 6788994 TI - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. Post-transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 6788995 TI - [Effect of intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin on the clinical course of transmural myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6788996 TI - [Prospects for the use of prostaglandins in pediatric cardiology]. PMID- 6788998 TI - [Case contribution on Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6788997 TI - [ABO and Rh blood groups in cardiovascular pathology]. AB - A relationship between erythrocytic antigens of the ABO and Rh blood systems and cardiovascular pathology was revealed by comparing the distribution of blood groups in 13,175 patients and 7,800 donors. Prevalence of A gene and Rh+ phenotype in congenital and acquired heart diseases and ischemic heart disease was found. The frequency of B gene is increased in patients with acquired heart diseases. PMID- 6788999 TI - [Corneal staphyloma (author's transl)]. AB - In an otherwise completely normal newborn female a congenital monolateral corneal staphyloma was found. The macroscopic centrocorneal cicatricial ridges were compatible with a microscopic defective area in the epithelium, where a massive inflammatory reaction was observed. Bowman's and Descemet's membranes were absent. The ciliary body was hypoplastic and the ciliary processes were only rudimentarily developed. On one side there were some lenticular remnants. The posterior pole corresponded to the patient's age. PMID- 6789000 TI - [Early PEEP for improvement of prognosis in patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred twenty-seven artificially ventilated patients with acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) were investigated. In 61 patients positive endexpiratory pressure (PEEP) was used when ventilation with ZEEP proved to be insufficient for one or more of the following reasons: increasing I-aDO2m PaO3 below 60 Torr at FiO2 greater than or equal to 0.5, deterioration of clinical status (group = secondary PEEP). The time elapse between beginning of artificial ventilation and institution of PEEP was 46 +/- 47 h (median 33 h). In 66 patients PEEP was used from the beginning of artificial ventilation (group II = primary PEEP). The distribution of underlying diseases (severe poisoning, pancreatitis, polytrauma or major surgery, pneumonia, cardiovascular failure, sepsis) as well as the frequency of additional vital function failure (circulatory shock, acute renal failure) were comparable in both groups (p greater than 0.05). At the beginning of artificial ventilation both groups were comparable in respect to respiratory insufficiency. PaO2 was 75 +/- 26 Torr in group I and 70 +/- 29 Torr in group II at comparable levels of FiO2 (p greater than 0.05). PaCO2 was 34.7 +/- 8.2 Torr in group I and 37.4 +/- 10.5 Torr in group II. Significantly more patients in group II received corticosteroids (greater than 1 gr/die). Mortality was 48/61 (79%) in group I and 37/66 (56%) in group II (p less than 0.01). End-inspiratory pressure exceeding 35 cm H2O was necessary in 42/61 patients in group I and 28/66 patients in group II (p less than 0.01) and FiO2 greater than 0.5 was necessary to keep PaO2 above 60 Torr in 39/61 patients in group I and 27/66 patients in group II (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that early institution of PEEP improves the course and outcome of patients with ARI. PMID- 6789001 TI - [T-lymphocyte activation. Studies on the function of mediator proteins (author's transl)]. AB - The functions of several mediator proteins involved in the T-cell blastogenesis have been investigated 1. Newly described is the Plasmatic Human IL-2 Inducing Protein (PHILIP), a glycoprotein from human serum with a molecular weight of about 85,000 D. Its presence is mandatory for the synthesis and/or secretion of Interleukin-2 (T-cell growth factor). The mediator protein can be distinguished from other known serum glycoproteins (e.g., transferrin and plasminogen) by affinity chromatography. Desialylation completely abolishes its biologic activity. 2. PMSF- and DFP-treatment of conditioned culture medium inhibit the blastogenesis in the peripheral mononuclear blood-cell fraction. However, the growth of a permanent T-cell line in the inhibitor-treated medium is not affected. This indicates the existence of a blastogenic factor with serine protease activity. PMID- 6789002 TI - Studies on anti LSP autoantibodies in acute and chronic non-B hepatitis -- evidence for the lack of anti LSP in non-A, non-B (NANB) viral hepatitis. AB - The prevalence of autoantibodies against the liver membrane antigen LSP (anti LSP) has been studied in acute and chronic non-B hepatitis. Anti LSP autoantibodies were detected in five of eight patients with type A and in two of 18 patients with type non-A, non-B (NANB) acute hepatitis. No statistically significant difference was observed between the group of anti LSP positive and anti LSP negative cases of acute non-B hepatitis concerning age, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum bilirubin levels. In hepatitis A SGPT and bilirubin levels were significantly higher as compared to type NANB acute hepatitis. Sera which were positive for anti LSP in the acute phase were negative within 2 months from onset although the two anti LSP positive patients hepatitis (CPH). None of 27 patients with chronic NANB hepatitis displaying the morphology of CPH were anti LSP positive; in contrast, six of nine patients with autoimmune type chronic hepatitis were anti LSP positive, displaying the morphology of chronic active hepatitis. In conclusion, in acute hepatitis anti LSP autoantibodies are a consequence of liver cell destruction rather than being involved in the mechanism of liver cell necrosis. Anti LSP autoantibodies are unlikely to play an important role in the development of chronic NANB hepatitis. PMID- 6789003 TI - Competition for a desired food in family groups of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) and the cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). AB - Four captive groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and three groups of cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) were each presented with a desired food and their consumption was monitored. Inequalities in consumption between individuals were found for each group of each species. Generally, adult females consumed most of the desired food, followed by juveniles, and finally adult males. High consumption levels by all individuals during isolated feedings indicated that consumption inequalities within groups were most likely due to competition rather than inter-individual preference differences. Aggressive defense of the food cup was performed most frequently by adult females in both species. In Callithrix jacchus groups, this aggression was most often directed against adult males, but in Saguinus oedipus groups, it was most often directed against juveniles. Modification of the method of food presentation, such that food was more dispersed, lessened, but did not eliminate, inequalities in consumption. PMID- 6789005 TI - Simplified operative method for heart and lung transplantation. PMID- 6789004 TI - Permeability of Mycobacterium leprae to dapsone: alteration by purification procedures. AB - Permeability of Mycobacterium leprae to dapsone in vitro was determined by the ability of the drug to inhibit o-diphenoloxidase of the bacilli. Dapsone showed little effect on the enzyme activity of the intact organisms. When the M. leprae preparations were washed with trypsin, NaOH, or acetone and ether, DDS penetrated the bacillus to inhibit its o-diphenoloxidase. The method might be useful in studying the utilization of added metabolites by purified M. leprae suspensions. PMID- 6789006 TI - Manipulation of TPN caloric substrate and fatty infiltration of liver. PMID- 6789007 TI - In-8-hydroxyquinoline platelet labeling in dogs. PMID- 6789008 TI - Parenteral hyperalimentation in surgical patients with head and neck cancer: a randomized study. AB - Sixty-nine patients were entered in a randomized study to determine the usefulness and practicality of parenteral hyperalimentation (TPN) in preparing and supporting patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radical resections. The patients were stratified by nutritional status and prognosis and randomization were done within each strata to TPN or control. Minimum full TPN was given at 35 calories/kgm/day for at least 14 days postoperatively. Eight patients received preoperative TPN also. Control patients received customary enteral alimentation by feeding tubes. Under the conditions of this particular study, the administration schedules, and type of solutions used, we were unable to demonstrate any superiority of TPN over conventional enteral nutrition in terms of immune parameters, wound healing, complications, and survival. PMID- 6789009 TI - Effects of dopamine, ethanol, and mannitol on cardiopulmonary function in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Dopamine, ethanol, and mannitol were investigated to determine if they could increase pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery without significantly increasing intrapulmonary shunt. These drugs were studied in adult patients with respiratory distress following trauma, operation, or sepsis. Intravascular pressure, cardiac output, oxygen consumption and delivery, and limb blood flow and peripheral oxygen delivery were measured in all patients. Hypotensive patients received dopamine in incremental doses of 2 mu g/kg/min until either mean arterial pressure increased 15 mm Hg or heart rate increased by more than 15 beats/min. Ethanol was given as 10% ethanol in 5% dextrose at 2 ml/kg/hr. Mannitol was given as 25 gm of a 25% solution in a single bolus followed by infusion of 8 to 25 gm of 20% solution (mean 10 +/- 2 gm) as a continuous intravenous drip over 1 hour. No drug produced a significant change in intrapulmonary shunt. Ethanol produced significant (p less than 0.05) increases in cardiac index, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and oxygen delivery. Dopamine significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance while increasing systemic blood pressure. Visceral blood flow apparently increased while the peripheral vascular response to ischemia remained intact. Mannitol increased oxygen delivery and consumption in both the total body and limb. Thus in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), increases in pulmonary blood flow can be achieved with several distinct pharmacologic agents without significant increases in intrapulmonary shunt. These increases in flow are generally accompanied by increases in oxygen delivery without increased pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 6789010 TI - The effect of altitude-induced hypoxia on regional myocardial blood flow. AB - Mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary artery causes an increase in right ventricular myocardial blood flow (MBF) proportional to the increased work load. This study was done to assess the response of MBF to hypoxia in the absence of mechanical obstruction of the right heart. The effects of hypoxia on cardiac performance and regional MBF were studied in ten awake, unanesthetized dogs at 4,600 m (15,000 feet). Intracardiac pressures and pulmonary artery (PA) and thoracic aorta blood gases were recorded daily, initially at sea level and subsequently at 3,000 m and 4,500 m altitude. Regional MBF was measured on days 1 (control), 3, and 5 by use of 8 to 10 mu radioactive tracer microspheres, followed by postmortem assessment of subepicardial and subendocardial flow patterns in the left ventricle (LV), septum, and right ventricle (RV) (4,600 m). The results indicate that: (1) RV and PA pressures increase linearly with increasing degrees of hypoxia, (2) MBF increases in both the RV and LV with increasing degrees of hypoxia and elevated right-sided pressures, without increased systemic pressure, and (3) the transmural distribution of MBF is unaltered in both the BV and LV with altitude-induced hypoxia. These findings are distinctly different from those in which right-sided pressures are elevated secondary to mechanical obstruction of the PA in the absence of hypoxia. PMID- 6789011 TI - Prostaglandins and inflammation. PMID- 6789012 TI - The diverse picture of gamma heavy-chain disease. Report of seven cases and review of literature. PMID- 6789013 TI - Age-related changes in the distribution pattern of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cultured human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38). AB - A gradual decline in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, as evidenced by reduced rates of incorporation of [35S] sulfate and [14C] glucosamine into cellular and medium glycosaminoglycans, was observed during the last (about 5) population doublings before phase-out. The decline was accompanied by a change in the distribution pattern of individual glycosaminoglycans with a relative decrease in the incorporation rate of [14C] glucosamine into cellular and medium hyaluronic acid. The incorporation rate of [14D] glucosamine and [35S] sulfate into cellular and medium heparan sulfate continually increased during the last population doublings ("senescence"). The possibility of a coupling between cell growth and hyaluronic acid synthesis or an involvement of hyaluronic acid in the adhesion of cells (among one another or/and to the substratum), and the functional significance of heparan sulfate as a growth inhibitor were discussed. PMID- 6789014 TI - The effect of age on the initiation of protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Polyribosome levels exhibited a marked, age-related decrease in adult Drosophila melanogaster. Since decreased polyribosome levels can be due to decreased initiation of translation, initiation was measured by determination of methionyl tRNA binding to the 40 S and 80 S initiation complexes. Compared with 1-day-old adults, 48-day-old adults exhibited no more than a 12% decrease in methionyl-tRNA binding to 40 S subunits and a 20% decrease in binding to 80 S particles. Increased age, therefore, had relatively little effect on initiation, and the decreased polyribosomal content was probably due to the deterioration of some other component of the translation system. PMID- 6789015 TI - Effects of acetazolamide on insulin release, serum glucose and insulin, glucose tolerance, and alloxan sensitivity of mice. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets exposed to 100 mM acetazolamide (AZM) and low glucose concentration exhibited increased insulin release, whereas those subjected to AZM and high glucose concentration exhibited decreased secretion of insulin. A slight transient hyperglycaemia was found 24 h after administration of 1.5 g/kg b.wt. of AZM to fed mice, whereas no such response was seen in starved mice. The serum insulin concentration was increased in the 24 h after AZM injection. Pretreatment with AZM caused decreased glucose tolerance and protection against alloxan toxicity. Inhibited carbonic anhydrase activity and ionic alterations might have played a role in the development of these effects of AZM in mice. PMID- 6789016 TI - [Circulating immune complexes-like material and complement in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis (author's transl)]. AB - Circulating immune complexes (IC) in 52 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) seropositive, 25 RA seronegative and 32 ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients were assayed by two methods: 1) precipitation with a final 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration with immunoglobulins (Igs) quantitation in the precipitate and 2) the ability of IC to consume complement, evaluating conversion products from human C3 by bidimensional rocket immunoelectrophoresis. CH50, C3, C4, C3PA and circulating C3 conversion products were quantitated. IC precipitates with 2% PEG contained three classes of Igs: IgG, IgM and IgA, the latter being the most rare. In the control group Igs level precipitated with 2% PEG were: 2% PEG-IgG 2.5 mg/100 ml +/- 2; 2% PEG-IgM 0.72 mg/100 ml +/- 1.09; 2% PEG-IgA 0.04 mg/100 ml +/ 0.18. With 2% PEG IC-like material was detected in 58.5% of RA seropositive patients but none generated C3 conversion products. With neither methods was IC like material detected in the RA seronegative group and none with 2% PEG in AS, either. However, in the latter, 21.8% generated C3 conversion products and 18.7% circulating C3 conversion products. In the RA seropositive patients no correlation was observed between the levels of 2% PEG-IgG and 2% PEG-IgM and the titre of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) nor between 2% PEG-IgG and that of IgG in serum. However, there was a low correlation between 2% PEG-IgM and that of IgM in serum and between 2% PEG-IgG and 2% PEG-IgM with rheumatoid factor (RF). It should be stressed that the value of the PEG method in the detection of IC-like material must be reconsidered, since using a 2% final concentration and a specific evaluation of Igs and complement components in the precipitate, it may be a method easy to perform and useful for clinical purposes. PMID- 6789017 TI - Ocular manifestations of Conradi and Zellweger syndromes. PMID- 6789018 TI - Diabetic cataracts- is aldose reductase important? PMID- 6789019 TI - [Neurofibroma of the small bowel in Recklinghausen's disease as a rare cause of chronic intestinal bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is given of a 66 year old woman with Recklinghausen's disease, suffering from chronic gastrointestinal bleeding as a rare complication of enteric neurofibromatosis. Localization could be established only by angiography. After resection of the tumor with an ulceration at its tip hemorrhage stopped. The incidence of gastrointestinal neurofibromatosis, as well as its symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6789020 TI - [Intramural diverticulosis of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - The first case report of a patient with intramural diverticulosis was given in 1960 by Mendl et al. Since then at least 32 cases have been described. In this paper another case report is given, whose clinical symptomatology differs from most other cases described. The etiology and the pathogenetic significance of candidiasis in this disorder still remains unclear. Differential diagnosis and etiology are discussed. PMID- 6789021 TI - Dose dependent stimulation of hepatic oxygen consumption and alanine conversion to CO2 and glucose by 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in the isolated perfused liver of hypothyroid rats. PMID- 6789023 TI - Plasma GABA levels in neurological patients under treatment with valproic acid. PMID- 6789022 TI - Increased gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), homocarnosine and beta-alanine in cerebrospinal fluid of patients treated with gamma-vinyl GABA (4-amino-hex-5 enoic acid). PMID- 6789024 TI - Acute opiate tolerance in man. PMID- 6789025 TI - Increased concentration of CTP synthetase in hepatoma 3924A: immunological evidence. PMID- 6789026 TI - Relationships between levels of essential fatty acids and zinc in plasma of cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Possible relationships between zinc and essential fatty acid metabolism have been assessed using plasma samples obtained from 39 cystic fibrosis patients. The fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids was analyzed by capillary gas liquid chromatography and zinc levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Computer analyses revealed positive correlations between zinc levels and (a) arachidonic acid (p less than 0.001), (b) the arachidonate/linoleate ratio (p less than 0.02), and (c) eicosatrienoic acid (n 6) (p less than 0.001). These observations suggest that conversion of linoleate to arachidonate may be modulated by zinc. PMID- 6789027 TI - Fatty liver of growing rats fed excess lysine and its prevention by adenine or allopurinol. AB - Weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum 15% casein diets with and without 5.0% lysine-HCI, 0.25% adenine sulfate or 0.1% allopurinol for 2 weeks. Addition of lysine alone depressed 2-week growth from 94 to 65 g increased average daily urinary orotic acid excretion from 0.39 to 1.77 mg and increased the percentage of total liver lipids from 3.6 to 11.2. Adenine or allopurinol did not change growth but markedly enhanced lysine-induced orotic aciduria and completely prevented lysine-induced fatty livers. Reports by other show that adenine and allopurinol also prevent fatty livers or rats fed arginine-free diets or excess orotic acid. The authors conclude that lysine-induced orotic aciduria results from arginine deficiency caused by antagonism of arginine function by lysine, and that lysine-induced fatty liver probably results from a lesion identical to that produced by feeding excess orotic acid. PMID- 6789028 TI - [Anthrax]. PMID- 6789029 TI - Effects of exercise on protein and amino acid metabolism. AB - At rest, especially during starvation, protein (via hepatic gluconeogenesis and/or direct oxidation) contributes significantly to the body's total metabolic requirement. During exercise, carbohydrate (CHO) and free fatty acids (FFA) are generally regarded as the major energy sources. Although protein has the capability, it has seldom been considered as an important exercise energy source based largely on 24-h urinary nitrogen (N) excretion values. Contrary to classical belief, recent determinations of N in sweat suggest that total N excretion is in fact increased with exercise. This should not be surprising when one considers that prolonged exercise substrate shifts and hormonal changes are in many ways analogous to the situation that occurs during starvation. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that skeletal muscle, as well as liver, has the capacity to oxidize a number of amino acids. This information, together with the in vivo exercise observations of an increased alanine output from skeletal muscle and an increased 14CO2 evolution following [14C] leucine injection or ingestion, indicates that some amino acids contribute to exercise energy needs. Although a number of mechanisms have been suggested, the current evidence strongly suggests that the branched-chain amino acids (glucose-alanine cycle) are the most important. In conclusion, it appears that the earlier studies which indicated that protein/amino acid utilization did not increase during exercise may have been premature. Although clearly not as important as either CHO or FFA, recent investigations employing both humans and laboratory animals suggest that protein/amino acids, under some conditions, may contribute significantly to total exercise calories. PMID- 6789030 TI - [Traditional concept of epilepsy in Dogon people (author's transl)]. AB - Dogon people has a very particular culture which has been rather thoroughly studied in the last fifty years. Dogons do know the successive aspects of generalized grand mal epilepsy and its differences with sacred fits and other magic behaviours. Epilepsy is believed to be of magic origin. Its is caused by a malignant spirit from, most often, an hereditary transmission. Inside families, segregating measures are still generally taken in order to prevent contamination. The mental features often observed in epileptic patients have been noted by Dogons. Indigenous treatments receive little confidence among the Dogons themselves. PMID- 6789031 TI - [Prophylactic treatment of exercise-induced asthma]. PMID- 6789032 TI - Ethamsylate in the treatment of climacteric flushing. AB - Ethamsylate, a non-hormonal agent acting at the capillary level, was compared with a placebo in a double-blind trial of 12 wk duration in 20 post-menopausal patients with hot flushes. Both ethamsylate and placebo patients showed fluctuations in the frequency of flushes during the trial, but there was a significant downward trend in the ethamsylate group. Capillary strength was measured but was not found to be low or to alter during the trial except in 1 patient in the placebo group. No side-effects attributable to trial medication were reported. Other symptoms recorded during the trial were probably climacteric and occurred more frequently during placebo treatment than during treatment with ethamsylate. PMID- 6789034 TI - Fiscal responsibility a part of good medicine. PMID- 6789033 TI - Oestrogens, gonadotropins and prolactin after intra-vaginal administration of oestriol in post-menopausal women. AB - Serum total oestrone, 17 beta-oestradiol and oestriol concentrations and FSH, LH and prolactin values were measured radioimmunologically in post-menopausal women before and after intra-vaginal application of 0.5 mg oestriol. While oestrone and oestradiol were not altered, there was a 3100% increase in the mean oestriol values within 1 or 2 h; pre-treatment levels were again reached 8 h later. Both gonadotropins were moderately decreased, the serum prolactin values appeared to be slightly elevated. Repeated intra-vaginal application of oestriol resulted in a significant rise of the mean serum oestriol levels while the other oestrogens remained unchanged. The same was true for FSH and LH, a considerable negative feedback was therefore excluded. Again there seemed to be a slight rise of the prolactin secretion. It was concluded that intra-vaginal administration of oestriol is a most suitable local and systemic oestrogen replacement therapy, which is more effective than the oral regimen. PMID- 6789035 TI - Computers: tools for cost-effective management. PMID- 6789036 TI - Mitogenic activity of a water-soluble adjuvant (Bu-WSA) obtained from Bacterionema matruchotii. III. Mechanisms of inactivation of mitogenesis by antiimmunoglobulin serum. PMID- 6789037 TI - Interferon-inducing activity of an immunotherapeutic anticancer agent, SSM, prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B. AB - The interferon-inducing capacity of arabinomannan-lipid preparation (SSM) extracted from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Aoyama B in both BCG-sensitized and unsensitized mice was studied in comparison with that of purified protein derivative (PPD) prepared from the same tubercle bacillus. Although it is known that PPD cannot stimulate interferon production in BCG-unsensitized mice, interferon activity was found in sera of both groups of mice after intravenous injection of SSM at a dose of 5 mg/kg. The maximum titer was detected 5 hr after injection. The interferon induced by SSM in both groups of mice shared certain physicochemical properties with the immune interferon induced by PPD in BCG sensitized mice. In BCG-unsensitized mice, interferon induction by SSM was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with trypan blue and carrageenan, whereas it was not depressed in BCG-sensitized mice given the same treatment or when interferon was induced by PPD. In addition, induction of interferon in BCG sensitized mice by SSM and PPD and in unsensitized mice by SSM was completely abrogated by pretreatment with hydrocortisone acetate and whole-body x irradiation (700 R). These results suggest that in BCG-unsensitized mice macrophages, in addition to X-ray or hydrocortisone-sensitive cells, may be required for interferon induction by SSM. PMID- 6789038 TI - Studies on the bacterial spore coat. (8) On the SDS-DTT extract from Bacillus megaterium spores. PMID- 6789039 TI - [Characteristics of viruses isolated during persistent A/swine/1976/31 virus infection in a monkey kidney cell culture]. PMID- 6789040 TI - [Production of hybrid plasmids containing Bacillus subtilis genes]. PMID- 6789041 TI - [Biochemical activity of Bacillus subtilis after electroimmobilization]. PMID- 6789042 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to boric acid, carbenicillin and deposul and their potential use in treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection]. PMID- 6789044 TI - Value of measuring salivary and free serum sodium valproate concentrations. PMID- 6789043 TI - [Selection of a medium for culturing Bacillus subtilis 2m, a producer of proteolytic enzymes]. PMID- 6789045 TI - Survey of bacteria in private swimming pools. AB - In a survey of the bacteria in swimming pools treated with either chlorine or Baquacil in private gardens in Melbourne, the water was frequently found to be at the incorrect pH and to contain biocides at suboptimal concentrations. The general bacterial flora count was commonly greater than 200 per mL; only 14% of chlorine-treated pools and 27% of Baquacil-treated pools consistently gave counts of less than 200 per mL. Coliforms were detected in 66% of chlorine-treated pools and in 22% of Baquacil-treated pools. Escherichia coli was detected in 32% of chlorine-treated pools and 8% of Baquacil-treated pools. Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 36% of chlorine-treated pools and in 8% of Baquacil-treated pools. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 7% of chlorine-treated pools, but not at all in Baquacil-treated pools. When the biocides were maintained at the correct concentration, the indicator organisms were well controlled by both biocides. This survey indicates that owners of pools need to be made aware that their pools can harbour potentially pathogenic bacteria unless biocides are constantly maintained at the correct concentration. Baquacil generally remains above the minimum recommended concentration for approximately 14 days between routine additions, whereas chlorine can dissipate from the pool within hours of addition on hot sunny days. This probably contributed to the superior over-all performance of Baquacil in this survey. PMID- 6789046 TI - Tubercle bacilli retain pathogenicity after seven weeks chemotherapy. AB - Guinea pig inoculation of sputum from patients on anti-tuberculous therapy shows that, in some cases, the tubercle bacilli retain their pathogenicity for seven weeks or more. It is and has been accepted in general for many years now that patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis receiving anti-tuberculous drugs become noninfectious in a relatively rapid time. Several factors have been said to contribute to this. Among these are: (i) patients on chemotherapy have a reduced cough and consequently expel fewer tubercle bacilli into the atmosphere; (ii) it has been suggested that patients receiving antituberculous drugs excrete these in the sputum droplets along with the tubercle bacilli and evaporation of the droplets causes concentrations of the anti-tuberculous drugs to increase, thereby reducing or destroying the viability of the organism; and (iii) chemotherapy rapidly reduces the number of bacilli excreted in sputum and this in itself may reduce the possibility of infection. PMID- 6789048 TI - Long term sickness certification problems. PMID- 6789047 TI - [Problems in the treatment of acute hepatic failure]. PMID- 6789049 TI - [Agenesis of the vermis cerebelli in the developmental age]. PMID- 6789050 TI - [Fetal diseases due to hydantoin. Description of a case]. PMID- 6789051 TI - [The association of Von Recklinghausen's disease and partial agenesis of the corpus callosum. Description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6789053 TI - Psychiatric disorders. External peer review of medicaid patients in long term care facilities. PMID- 6789054 TI - Chromobacteriosis--Florida. PMID- 6789052 TI - [Endocrinological aspects of puberal gynecomastia]. PMID- 6789055 TI - Influenza--United States. PMID- 6789057 TI - Meningococcal disease--United States, 1981. PMID- 6789056 TI - Measles--Florida. PMID- 6789058 TI - Trichinosis associated with meat from a grizzly bear--Alaska. PMID- 6789059 TI - Botulism--United States, 1979-1980. PMID- 6789060 TI - Influenza--United States. PMID- 6789061 TI - Measles in medical settings--United States. PMID- 6789062 TI - Health risk appraisal--United States. PMID- 6789063 TI - Human plague -- Texas, New Mexico. PMID- 6789064 TI - Ciguatera fish poisoning--St. Croix, Virgin Islands of the United States. PMID- 6789065 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--United States. PMID- 6789066 TI - Deaths following female sterilization with unipolar electrocoagulating devices. PMID- 6789067 TI - Deaths associated with liquid-manure systems--United States. PMID- 6789068 TI - School immunization requirements for measles--United States, 1981. PMID- 6789070 TI - Survey of viral hepatitis surveillance activities in state and local health departments. PMID- 6789069 TI - Compendium of animal rabies vaccines, 1981. PMID- 6789071 TI - Volcano monitoring program--Mount St. Helens. PMID- 6789072 TI - Hysterectomy in women aged 15-44, United States, 1970-1978. PMID- 6789073 TI - Paragonimiasis in Hmong refugees--Minnesota. PMID- 6789074 TI - Measles--United States. PMID- 6789076 TI - PCB transformer fire--Binghamton, New York. PMID- 6789075 TI - Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections- Michigan. PMID- 6789077 TI - Multiply resistant pneumococcus--Colorado. PMID- 6789078 TI - Follow-up on legionellosis--Italy. PMID- 6789081 TI - Measles--Texas. PMID- 6789080 TI - Urban rat control--United States. PMID- 6789079 TI - Reproductive abnormalities in male chemical workers--Kentucky. PMID- 6789082 TI - Salmonellosis associated with raw milk--Montana. PMID- 6789083 TI - Tick paralysis--Wisconsin. PMID- 6789085 TI - Abortion surveillance--United States, 1978. PMID- 6789084 TI - Outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis associated with raw milk--Kansas. PMID- 6789086 TI - Trichloroethylene exposure--Pennsylvania. PMID- 6789087 TI - Rh hemolytic disease--Connecticut, United States, 1970-1979. PMID- 6789089 TI - Influenza--United States, worldwide. PMID- 6789088 TI - Varicella-zoster immune globulin--United States. PMID- 6789090 TI - Atypical pneumonia--Spain. PMID- 6789091 TI - False-positive results of spore test in ethylene oxide sterilizers--Wisconsin. PMID- 6789093 TI - Dengue type 4 infections in U.S. travelers to the Caribbean. PMID- 6789092 TI - Infections due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae--Florida. PMID- 6789094 TI - Measles--United States, first 20 weeks. PMID- 6789095 TI - Risk-factor-prevalence survey--Utah. PMID- 6789096 TI - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning--United States. PMID- 6789097 TI - Human plague associated with domestic cats--California, Colorado. PMID- 6789098 TI - Use of human diploid cell vaccine for postexposure rabies treatment--Canada. PMID- 6789099 TI - Health examination of food handlers--Europe. PMID- 6789100 TI - Drug resistance among Indochinese refugees with tuberculosis. PMID- 6789101 TI - Heatstroke--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789102 TI - Influenza vaccine 1981-82. PMID- 6789104 TI - Morbidity study at a chemical dump--New York. PMID- 6789103 TI - Multiple measles importations--New York. PMID- 6789105 TI - Campylobacter sepsis associated with "nutritional therapy"--California. PMID- 6789106 TI - Diabetic nephropathy--Georgia. PMID- 6789107 TI - Urban rat control--United States. PMID- 6789108 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California. PMID- 6789109 TI - Cutaneous larva migrans in American tourists--Martinique and Mexico. PMID- 6789110 TI - Measles--U.S. military. PMID- 6789112 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789111 TI - Dengue--Cuba. PMID- 6789113 TI - Tuberculosis--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789114 TI - Rabies in raccoons--Virginia. PMID- 6789115 TI - Gonococcal infections among Indochinese refugees-Thailand. PMID- 6789116 TI - Measles encephalitis--United States, 1962-1979. PMID- 6789117 TI - Congenital malaria in children of refugees--Washington, Massachusetts, Kentucky. PMID- 6789119 TI - Measles--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789118 TI - Tuberculosis--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789120 TI - Influenza--United States. PMID- 6789121 TI - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning--United States. PMID- 6789122 TI - Plant poisonings--New Jersey. PMID- 6789123 TI - Community water supply contaminated with caustic soda--Georgia. PMID- 6789124 TI - Tuberculous infection associated with tissue processing--California. PMID- 6789125 TI - Influenza--United States. PMID- 6789126 TI - Measles--United States. PMID- 6789127 TI - Salmonellosis traced to marijuana--Ohio, Michigan. PMID- 6789128 TI - Influenza A in a hospital--Illinois. PMID- 6789129 TI - Follow-up on refugees--Somalia. PMID- 6789130 TI - Sewer collapse an toxic illness in sewer repairmen--Ohio. PMID- 6789131 TI - Raw-milk-associated illness--Oregon, California. PMID- 6789132 TI - Human rabies--United States, 1980. PMID- 6789133 TI - Influenza--United States. PMID- 6789134 TI - Amebiasis associated with colonic irrigation--Colorado. PMID- 6789135 TI - Measles--Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, 1980. PMID- 6789136 TI - Tuberculosis--California. PMID- 6789137 TI - Antigenic analysis of influenza A viruses. PMID- 6789138 TI - Thiamin as treatment of lead poisoning in ruminants. PMID- 6789139 TI - Inactivation studies of the leucocyte inhibitor of urokinase by cathepsin D. AB - Leucocytes contain an urokinase inhibitor, that can be inactivated by cathepsin D. In this work biochemical and immunological studies on the inactivation of this inhibitor by cathepsin D are presented. Examinations by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and SDS electrophoresis indicate that cathepsin D inactivates urokinase inhibitor by hydrolysis of the inhibitor molecule and that the degradation needed for total inactivation is different from that for formation of the precipitin line with antibodies. The conversion of active inhibitor into inactive protein proceeds catalytically. PMID- 6789140 TI - Regulation by heme of synthesis and intracellular translocation of delta aminolevulinate synthase in the liver. PMID- 6789141 TI - A general function of noncoding polynucleotide sequences. Mass binding of transconformational proteins. AB - It is proposed that a general function of noncoding DNA and RNA sequences in higher organisms (intergenic and intervening sequences) is to provide multiple binding sites over long stretches of polynucleotide for certain types of regulatory proteins. Through the building up or abolishing of high-order structures, these proteins either sequester sites for the control of, e.g., transcription or make the sites available to local molecular signals. If this is to take place, the existence of a 'c-value paradox' becomes a requirement. Multiple binding sites for a given protein may recur in the form of a sequence 'motif' that is variable within certain limits. Noncoding sequences of the chickens ovalbumin gene furnish an appropriate example of a sequence motif. GAAAATT. Its improbably high frequency and significant periodicity are both absent from the coding sequences of the same gene and from the noncoding sequences of a differently controlled gene in the same organisms, the preproinsulin gene. This distribution of a sequence motif is in keeping with the concepts outlined. Low specificity of sequences that bind protein is likely to be compatible with highly specific conformational changes. PMID- 6789142 TI - Isolation and characterization of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The isolation of total nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles from Drosophila melanogaster embryos, using a pH 8.0, 01 M NaCl extraction of purified nuclei, is described. When the extract is fractionated on isokinetic sucrose gradients, at least six major classes of nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes, differing in RNA and protein content as well as sedimentation behavior, are observed. The two largest complexes are preribosomal complexes. The remaining four major classes of RNPs sediment at roughly 6S, 8S, 12S and 30S. A minor class at 17S is also observed. The 30S fraction is 200-250 A in width and appears to be analogous to the mammalian monoparticle. It is composed primarily of polypeptides at about 36 000 and 37 000 daltons, along with 1-2 kilobase RNA fragments. The 6S, 8S and 12S complexes contain a few discrete small nuclear RNAs from 80-600 bases in length, along with a small number of polypeptides, about 50 000, 52 000, 56 000 and 75 000 daltons. These novel complexes are of the order of a 100 A in width (60-120 A range). PMID- 6789143 TI - [Method for conformation calculations of large fragments of nucleic acids. I. Models for conformational energy surface ribose and 2'-deoxyribose]. AB - A simple method for conformational calculations for large polynucleotide fragments is proposed. The full conformational energy of a polynucleotide fragment is considered to be a sum of the selfmonomers conformational energy and the intermonomers interaction energy. It is proposed to calculate the last term using the group-group interaction potentials according to the three center model of nucleotide (the base, the ribose, the phosphate group). Fast calculation of selfmonomer conformation energy is proposed to the performed on the base of their preliminary constructed semianalytical models of conformational surface. The semianalytical models of conformational energy surface and the dependence of valence angles from pseudorotation parameters, which have been calculated by the atom atom potentials method are given in this communication for ribose and 2' deoxyribose. PMID- 6789144 TI - [Intrapopulational differences of genome structures in two structures of salmon like fishes]. AB - The natural populations of salmon-like catadromous fishes usually include several percents of residual (dwarf) forms, which are 10-15 times smaller than normal forms. A comparative investigation of normal and residual forms in two species: Oncorhynchus nerka and Salvelinus malma (Salmoniformes order) was made by means of DNA molecular hybridization technique. The essential differences in reassociation kinetics was detected in DNA from normal and residual forms of both species. The genome sizes (kinetic complexity) of normal and residual forms are approximately the same. But some families of repetitive nucleotide sequences are represented by considerably different amount of copies. Intrapopulational differences of genome structures of normal and residual forms in both species seem to be more rough in respect to reassociation kinetic than corresponding interspecies differences between malma and nerka. Comparative analyses and reassociation kinetics for long and shrt DNA fragments imply "xenopus type" of nucleotide sequence organization in both species which is common for the majority of animal and plant genomes investigated. PMID- 6789145 TI - [Kinetics of ubisemiquinone redox changes in primary reactions of bacterial photosynthesis]. AB - Absorbance changes at 450 nm of the semiquinone form of the secondary electron acceptor were studied in chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. When chromatophores are illuminated by a series of single turnover flashes ubisemiquinone is formed and destroyed on alternate flashes at ambient redox potential from 100 to 250 mV. A simple kinetic model of the binary oscillations is suggested. On the base of the model it is shown that the rate constant of electron transfer from primary to secondary quinone after the first flash is larger that after the second flash. Cooperativity in electron transfer from primary to secondary quinone can be explained by electrostatic interactions of charged carriers. PMID- 6789147 TI - Radiographic findings resembling scurvy and rickets in prematures on hyperalimentation. PMID- 6789146 TI - [Kinetics of the generation of a photo-induced electric potential in chromatophores of photosynthetizing bacteria]. AB - Flash-induced formation of an electric potential difference (delta psi) was monitored by a direct method in chromatophores associated with the collodion phospholipid membrane. In Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeriodes chromatophores, the kinetics of delta psi generation exhibit fast (tau less than or equal to 0.3 microseconds) and slow (tau congruent to 200 microseconds) phases, the latter observed in the presence of exogenous quinones. Comparison of the kinetic and potentiometric characteristics of the process with those of electron transport reactions suggests that the fast phase of delta psi rise is due to charge separation between the primary electron donor, P870, and primary electron acceptor QIFe; the slow phase, which is inhibited by o-phenanthroline, is due to electron donation from QIFe to the secondary acceptor, quinone QII. The kinetics of delta psi decay include components arising form the recombination of primary separated charges (tau congruent to 30 ms) and from the passive discharge of the membrane (tau congruent to 400 ms; tau congruent to 1400 ms). From a redox titration of the photo-induced electric signal and the photo-induced absorption changes of P870 at different pH meanings, the value of pK for the primary acceptor FeQI was found to be 7.4 in Rps. sphaeroides chromatophores. In Chromatium minutissimum, a phase ( tau congruent to 20 microseconds) was observed in addition to those seen in Rps. sphaeroids and R. rubrum which was explained by the reduction of P890+ from the high potential cytochrome c555. Possible distribution of the electron transport components in the chromatophore membrane are discussed. PMID- 6789148 TI - [Primary cancer of the appendix]. PMID- 6789149 TI - [Importance of peritoneal lavage in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Peritoneal lavage was carried out in 830 patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Positive as well as negative results proved to be very reliable (98% and 99.5% accuracy). With weakly positive findings, however, significant internal injuries were present in only half of the cases. If compared to circulatory parameters, laboratory investigations and clinical evaluation of the abdomen at the time of hospitalization, peritoneal lavage proved to be the superior aid in making a decision to operate. It therefore should be used routinely--even in smaller hospitals--especially before transferal of a patient to a distant special surgical center. PMID- 6789150 TI - [Electrostimulation of the neurogenic bladder (author's transl)]. AB - Six children with neurogenic disorders of micturition are stimulated by Katona's method. The evaluation of the clinical and cystometric results carried out every 4 weeks shows the contradictoriness of this method. The clinical results show an unequivocal improvement in micturition behavior, whereas checking the objective cystomanometric results only suggests an increasing tonicity of the detrusor and suppression of the uninhibited detrusor contractions. The urgency for carrying out cystomanometric measurements during Katona's electrostimulation therapy is pointed out. PMID- 6789151 TI - [Connection between Bohler's angle and subtalar arthrodesis after calcaneal fracture (author's transl)]. AB - Subtalar arthrodesis is a common intervention after comminuted fractures of the calcaneum. To clarify the connection between fracture of the calcaneum and the negative late results, all 81 subtalar arthrodeses following calcaneal fracture which had been carried out from 1959-1980 in the Munich Orthopedic Hospital were classified according to type of treatment of calcaneal fracture, radiological signs of arthrosis, Bohler's angle and the interval between fracture and arthrodesis. It can be shown that subtalar arthrodesis after comminuted fractures of the calcaneum may be necessary, irrespective of the Bohler's angle and the signs of arthrosis visible in the rontgen picture. Consequently the interval between the fracture and the arthrodesis is of subordinate significance. The most important parameter is the patient's pains. PMID- 6789152 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the ethmoid bone]. PMID- 6789154 TI - [Reiter's syndrome or infectious arthritis?]. PMID- 6789153 TI - [Concentrations of fosfomycin in serum and lung tissue]. PMID- 6789155 TI - [Forum on hypertension. Part 7. Hypertension therapy in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6789156 TI - [The benefit of the classification of oral contraceptives. Studies of 525 women taking oral contraceptives (author's transl)]. AB - The multiplicity of oral contraceptives suggests a classification for clinical routine. From the dosage of estrogens and gestagens in oral contraceptives, aberration indices were calculated from consideration of proliferation and transformation aspects. According to these a classification of oral contraceptives into 3 "estrogen" groups and 4 "gestagen" groups was made. Such a classification was made in 525 women taking oral contraceptives which took into consideration the following parameters: age, length of time during which oral contraceptives had been taken, subjective side-effects, sexual medical and psychometric aspects. PMID- 6789157 TI - ["That depends on the situation!" Sense and limits of an oft-heard remark]. PMID- 6789158 TI - [Consequence of habitual use of laxatives (author's transl)]. AB - Though habitual, but not excessive use of laxatives can be observed frequently, no accompanying clinical symptoms have yet been described. The frequent observation of tetany and edema is striking, there is a marked decrease of potassium clearance and an incipient impairment of creatinine clearance. A secondary hyperaldosteronism can be ruled out. The electrocardiograms of 9 patients show signs of mild hypokalemia, which in 2 patients were first misinterpreted as myocardial ischemia and in one patient taken as indication of myocarditis. Oral administration of potassium normalizes the electrocardiograms. PMID- 6789159 TI - [Acute renal failure resulting from hemoglobinuria in the Zieve syndrome]. PMID- 6789160 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma--a rare malignant renal neoplasm (author's transl)]. AB - Leiomyosarcomas are extremely rare renal tumors. As to symptoms, they do not differ from other malignant neoplasms of the kidney. In one case diagnosis revealed a sclerosed tumorous necrosis. Therapeutically, it is also in leiomyosarcoma that surgery is the approach of choice since other methods of treatment failed to show significant advantages. Bearing in mind the more fulminant growth of sarcomas, the prognosis is in general poorer than with the remaining malignant renal neoplasms. PMID- 6789161 TI - [The problem patient in dermatological practice. Psychomatic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - In an exemplary case (44 year old female patient with pruritus) the priority of somatic aspects of an "organized disease" is questioned. The conception of a "total diagnosis" on the basis of a "pluriperspective complementary medicine" taking into consideration genetic, anatomic, physiologic, biochemical, microbiological, psychological and sociocultural facts is presented as the antithesis. Besides a somatic diagnosis the aim of medical procedure is the recognition ("reference diagnosis") of a "reference disturbance" in the doctor patient relationship in which the "fundamental disturbance" of the patient is recalled from early childhood. This reference diagnosis can be learned by dermatologists and general practitioners in Balint groups. PMID- 6789162 TI - [Pruritus as a psychic phenomenon (author's transl)]. AB - Pruritus is a psychosomatic phenomenon which may be triggered physically and has psychic consequences. Pruritus may, however, also be triggered psychically and have a physical substrate as a consequence. The present study attempts to contribute to the understanding of the psychic origin of itching. Itching is considered as an affect and an analogy with behaviour patterns from the animal kingdom is pointed out. If the doctor perceives his patient's affects he can by interpretation help the patient to perceive unconscious affects and thus to recognize the cause of the itch. The symptom may then disappear. PMID- 6789163 TI - [The nonallergic urticaria syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - The problems of nonallergic chronic urticaria (nonallergic urticaria syndrome) is presented in detail. The course and the special diagnostic requirements are discussed in detail. Then a model of the diagnostic strategy in chronic urticaria is presented and discussed. It is particularly emphasized that in the overwhelming majority of nonallergic syndrome patients, psychic problems are predominant and that correct specialist treatment is followed by freedom from symptoms in very many cases. PMID- 6789164 TI - [The pruritus of endogenous eczema patients (author's transl)]. AB - The psychosomatic aspects of the pruritus symptom of endogenous eczema patients are presented. The phenomenon of "scratching" is analysed descriptively from observations of the behavior of the patient and his family. Psychotherapeutic approaches as a supplement to the dermatological therapy of endogenous eczema are described. PMID- 6789165 TI - [Itching]. PMID- 6789166 TI - [Scratching. Methodical approach and objectivation of situations intensifying symptoms in endogenous eczema]. PMID- 6789167 TI - [Phenomenology of scratching]. PMID- 6789168 TI - [Plea for a new medicine]. PMID- 6789169 TI - [Psychopathology and long-term prognosis of epilepsy]. PMID- 6789170 TI - [Women who have stopped smoking (author's transl)]. AB - Among 1036 employed women from 44 randomly selected factories in German-speaking Switzerland, there were exactly 100 smokers, i.e. barely 10%. Of 1260 similarly representative men from these same factories there were 14% exsmokers. All these persons had previously smoked more than 9 cigarettes daily. Most of the women who had stopped smoking had done so for fear of damaging their health and 9% had stopped during pregnancy. The factors slow reduction in smoking, doctor, spouse, sport, weight gain after stopping smoking and willpower were evaluated. This study permits conclusions on the pedagogic use of tobacco withdrawal cures and courses. PMID- 6789171 TI - [Genetic and phylogenetic aspects of games and sports (author's transl)]. AB - Games and sports have increasingly become a biologically necessary adaption reaction of man to his ever easier living conditions due to subjugation of the environment. "Physical performance", defined as the capacity of the individual to cope adequately with the physical and psychic demands of the environment and his career has doubtless played a great part in the phylogenetic development of man. Everything connected with it--and that is not only purely motor, but also corresponding esthesiophysiology and intellectual capacities--has contributed to a considerable extent to the selective formation of man. PMID- 6789173 TI - [Thromboangiitis obliterans]. PMID- 6789172 TI - [Neuropsychiatry today (author's transl)]. AB - Neurology and psychiatry are combined in the easily misunderstandable term "Neuropsychiatry" as equal ranking sister disciplines. Neurology with its rectilinear development and the gain in important auxiliary methods enjoys general high respect. It is quite different with psychiatry. It is tainted with the events of the National Socialist domination. Its logical therapeutic methods are associated with inhumanity. Etiology and pathogenesis of the "endogenous" psychoses are still veiled in darkness. This gap in knowledge, detrimental to the prestige of psychiatry, is filled with theories, hypotheses and speculations. An extensively popularized psychology questions some concepts of a classical psychiatry wrongly described as conservative. Such uncertainty is alive even in the ranks of psychiatrists, to the detriment of their responsibility. Psychiatry must serve the care of the individual patient, renouncing all possible temptations. Some success can be expected from the "out-patient services" but this demands professional knowledge and critical ability besides activity. PMID- 6789175 TI - [The place of plastic surgery in surgical therapy]. PMID- 6789174 TI - [Forum on hypertension. Part 9. Treatment of hypertension in the aged]. PMID- 6789176 TI - [The face - the mirror of life (author's transl)]. AB - Form and function of the physiognomy can be an expression of life. A change of form is still no disease but if it should cause psychic disturbances, it is justifiable to speak of "pathology of form". Here it is appropriate, instead of plastic operation, to speak of organopsychic therapy, possibility of prevention being included. There are people who consider changes of shape in the face as natural and normal, others find them pathological. Furthermore, there are people who would like to "improve" still more the normal elegant shape of their own faces; possible psychological motives must be taken into consideration here. The plastic surgeon must analyse the form from the same point of view as that of the patient, is the reasons which led him to the surgeon. Under certain circumstances a corrective operation can do more harm than good. For this reason a thorough diagnosis and indication is indispensable. PMID- 6789177 TI - [Rhytidectomy as a preventive measure for the aging face (author's transl)]. AB - The value of rhytidectomy as a preventive measure is principally shown in the psychological sphere. It restores the patient's self-confidence and consequently a natural demeanor and secures social and professional advantages in addition. If this surgery is to have a preventive character it must deal with the first signs and consequently be instituted in stages. Even smaller measures like blepharoplasty can alter the entire expression positively. Interventions in the periorbital and forehead regions are very advantageous for the appearance. In some cases rhytidectomy should be supplemented by further measures as eg nasal correction and dermabrasion to achieve a really positive effect. PMID- 6789178 TI - [Facial plastic surgery as preventive measures for psychic lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Facial plastic surgery offers numerous possibilities of removing disfigurements and deformities of the face and thus preventing or curing psychic lesions. The causes of such disturbances are pointed out. In selected examples the relevant aspects in childhood, in adults and in advanced age are emphasized. Up-to-date advances in microsurgical grafting methods and a more aggressive technique in neck-lifting show that successful plastic surgery of the face always has preventive or curative effects on psychic lesions. PMID- 6789179 TI - [The aging face. Rhinoplasty as a preventive measure]. PMID- 6789180 TI - [Profile-altering interventions as preventive measures (author's transl)]. AB - Operations to improve the profile in abnormal positions of the mandible serve as preventive measures on the one hand for improving and harmonizing the external shape of the face and for improving the function of chewing on the other, with consequent prevention of premature loss of teeth, periodontosis and complaints of the temporomandibular joint, and preventing the appearance of digestive diseases. The different bite and mandibular abnormalities are discussed in groups classified according to their operability. PMID- 6789181 TI - [Blepharoplasty as a preventive measure in the aging face]. PMID- 6789182 TI - [Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome]. PMID- 6789183 TI - [Forum on hypertension. Part 10. The hypertensive emergency: definition and therapy]. PMID- 6789184 TI - [Quo vadis quality assurance?]. PMID- 6789185 TI - [Purpose and usefulness of the present day risk catalog (author's transl)]. AB - Risk catalogs have proved to be an important instrument of preventive medicine for the identification of pregnancies at risk. Their purpose and usefulness is beyond all doubt. Nevertheless problems of principle are attached to them since they deflect the attention from the living reality of the individual case to statistically formed collectives. The importance of the problems for risk catalogs changes according to the social change and the constantly improved perinatal results. Age, parity and socioeconomic risks reflect such trends in development most clearly. Future tasks lie in the quantification of risks by differentiating the degrees of severity. A certain intrinsic dynamism of the present risk catalogs leads, e. g. to a constantly increasing incidence of sections. For this reason a constant feedback must exist between risk catalog and statistics. PMID- 6789186 TI - [Psychological alterations following induced abortion (author's transl)]. AB - Based on a statistical survey of international literature on 28 psychiatric psychological follow-up examinations after legal abortion (1948-1974), the following findings can be regarded as reasonably certain: 4%-9% of chronic, mainly depressive faulty developments; 15%-24% of slight, transitory disturbance reactions. The more individually an induced abortion is accounted for and the less there is influence by external regulations, and the better assimilation. The counter-proof: women whose desire for legal abortion had been declined and who carried their child to full term, later on reacted with psychological disturbances of similar intensity. Hence it may be inferred: women with a labile mental structure and unstable conditions of living will in the face of unwanted pregnancy most likely react with disturbances at any rate - whether they carry to full term or not. PMID- 6789187 TI - [Psychic disturbances in women during oral contraception (author's transl)]. AB - Methodically accurate psychiatric and psychological investigations have shown that psychological disorders in connection with oral contraception are more frequent than in generally known. The psychological changes in the sense of the endocrine psychosyndrome appear as fine disorders of mood, impulse and elemental urge. Not least, they have general mental hygienic significance, because in connection with them activity and spontaneity and also the ability to work are disturbed. From these psychobiological findings a qualitative differential sensitivity of the organism (as a reaction to different pharmacological substances) can be read. These results can initiate a comprehensive formulation of the psychosomatic personality theory. PMID- 6789188 TI - [Survival in heat (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical characteristics of heat effect are presented in detail, the significance of risk factors emphasized. The demands on an optimal system for treatment of heat are discussed. Medical measures include cooling, treatment for shock, supply of water and salt, controlling acidosis, treatment of coagulation disorders. Preventive measures are acclimatization, hygienic measures in working surroundings, clothing and diet. PMID- 6789189 TI - [Partial replacement of the scaphoid bone with a silicone rubber prosthesis in a necrotic fragment]. PMID- 6789190 TI - [QT syndrome or epileptic attack?]. PMID- 6789191 TI - Detection of mutagen-induced lesions in isolated DNA by marker rescue of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105. PMID- 6789192 TI - Fluorescent light-induced chromosome damage in human IMR-90 fibroblasts. Role of hydrogen peroxide and related free radicals. AB - Exposure of human fibroblasts (IMR-90) to cool-white fluorescent light causes chromatid breaks and exchanges. This chromatid damage is caused largely by the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) since it can be prevented almost completely by the addition of catalase. In support of this conclusion, exogenous H2O2 is shown to induce chromatid breaks. The clastogenic amounts of H2O2 generated during light exposure are formed within the cell since cells illuminated in saline showed the same extent of damage as cells in culture medium. Addition of selenite to the cultures during light exposure significantly decreases the chromatid damage in a dose-related manner and may be necessary to maintain sufficient activity of glutathione peroxidase. The free hydroxyl radical, . OH, appears to be partially responsible for the light-induced chromatid damage. Of the free-radical scavengers tested, i.e., mannitol, vitamin E, and dimethyl sulfoxide, only mannitol, which scavenges . OH, significantly decreases the light-induced chromatid damage. Thus, both . OH and H2O2 formed within the cell during light exposure are agents that directly or indirectly cause chromatid damage. PMID- 6789193 TI - Effects of methylation and ring size on mutagenicity of cyclic nitrosamines in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The mutagenic activity of 7 nitrosopiperazines, 2 nitropyrrolidines, and 3 nitrosomorpholines was examined in the X-linked recessive-lethal assay of Drosophila melanogaster. Mutagenicity is also reported for a series of cyclic nitrosamines that differ in structure only in the number of carbon atoms in the ring. Of the 18 compounds tested, 6 (nitrosopiperazine; 2,3,5,6 tetramethyldinitrosopiperazine; nitrosoproline; 2,5-dimethylnitrosopyrrolidine; nitrosothiomorpholine; and nitrosooctamethyleneimine) were nonmutagenic. As we reported earlier in investigations with the nitrosopiperidines, substitutions with methyl groups at all of the alpha-carbon atoms reduce or eliminate the mutagenic activity of dinitrosopiperazine and nitrosopyrrolidine. PMID- 6789194 TI - Mutagenic effects of nitrogen dioxide combined with methylurea and ethylurea in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The standard sex-linked recessive lethal test was used to test whether NO2 induces lethal mutations in male germ cells of Drosophila in the presence or absence of alkylureas. Methylurea, ethylurea and NO2 alone did not enhance the mutation frequency significantly. However, highly significant enhancement in the mutation frequency was observed when adult flies were exposed to NO2 (150--280 ppm) for 3 h after ingestion of methylurea (0.1 M) or ethylurea (0.1 M) for 2 days. Oral administration of ethylnitrosourea and also of methylurea or ethylurea that had been exposed to NO2 in vitro were more effective in increasing the mutation frequency than methylurea or ethylurea combined in vivo with NO2. These results suggest that ingested alkylurea is converted in vivo by inhaled NO2 to highly mutagenic nitrosoalkylurea and/or other mutagens. No significant enhancement of the mutation frequency was observed when flies were fed on methylurea solution after they had been exposed to NO2. PMID- 6789195 TI - Microsomal activation of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Benzo[a]pyrene, 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2 aminoanthracene, and 1-aminopyrene, when fed to adult Drosophila melanogaster males, gave a negative mutagenic response in the X-linked recessive lethal assay. Benzo[a]pyrene was also ineffective in inducing "Minutes". Aflatoxin B1, EMS and DMN gave a positive response which was dependent on the concentration of mutagen fed. Whole fly homogenates prepared from adult Drosophila were assayed for mixed function oxidase activity in the Salmonella/microsome test. Crude Drosophila microsomes activated 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-aminofluorene, 2,7-diaminofluorene, 2-aminoanthracene, 1-aminopyrene, and aflatoxin B1. Tests with benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, 1,2,3,4-dibenz[a]anthracene, and 7-12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene were negative. PMID- 6789196 TI - Clastogenic effects of ftorafur. II. Cytogenetic analyses of bone marrow in mice. PMID- 6789200 TI - Studies on the production and radioactive labeling "2-C14" of aflatoxin B1 by the chlamydospore growth phase of Aspergillus parasiticus. PMID- 6789198 TI - The repair-deficient mei-9 alpha Drosophila female potentiates chromosome loss induced in the parenteral genome by diethylnitrosamine. AB - Following matings of DEN-treated Xc2/BSYy+ males with repair-deficient mei-9 alpha females and ordinary females, significant increases in complete and partial sex chromosome loss as well as dramatic shifts in sex ratio were found with mei-9 alpha but not ordinary females. Accordingly, the mei-9 alpha female enhances the detection of chromosome lesions leading to chromosome loss induced in the male genome by DEN. To date, the 4 compounds tested in this way (DMN, DEN, MMS and procarbazine) exhibit strong potentiation of chromosome loss with mei-9 alpha females suggesting the possibility that a protocol involving treatment (or not) or Xc2/BSYy+ males mated with mei-9 alpha females may hold promise as an alternative to traditional tests for chromosome loss using repair-proficient females. Comparison with published translocation data on the 4 compounds indicated above suggests an overall greater sensitivity of the described mei-9 alpha chromosome-loss test compared with the traditional translocation test in the detection of chemically induced chromosome lesions. PMID- 6789197 TI - NBD-chloride is a potent mutagen in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay. PMID- 6789199 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum cells treated with proteases to relax chromatin structure do not exhibit increased unscheduled DNA synthesis. PMID- 6789201 TI - Clinical efficacy and electrophysiology during long-term therapy for recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. AB - We evaluated the effects of amiodarone in 45 patients with recurrent ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. At a mean follow-up time of 12.7 +/- 8.8 months (range, three to 36), amiodarone was successful in nine of 16 patients with recurrent ventricular fibrillation and 21 of 29 with recurrent ventricular tachycardia. During amiodarone therapy, ventricular tachycardia could be induced in 18 of 19 patients in whom it had been induced before therapy, but only six of these 19 had spontaneous recurrence during follow-up. Side effects included corneal microdeposits, hyperthyroidism, blue skin, nausea, and symptomatic bradycardia. Pulmonary fibrosis occurred in three patients. Doses of up to 2000 mg a day did not produce cardiac toxicity, but neurologic side effects precluded long-term therapy at this dose. We conclude that amiodarone is effective for long term therapy of recurrent ventricular tachyarrhythmias, that induction of arrhythmia during therapy does not always predict efficacy, and that side effects are frequent but do not usually limit therapy. PMID- 6789202 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. PMID- 6789203 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis and serum alanine aminotransferase in blood donors. PMID- 6789204 TI - Nutritional support of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6789205 TI - Evaluation of neonatal-intensive-care program. AB - Within the past 15 years, regional neonatal-intensive-care programs have been introduced and have expanded rapidly. The efficacy of some of the individual interventions that constitute neonatal intensive care has been validated in randomized, controlled clinical trials. It is therefore generally assumed that neonatal-intensive-care programs that incorporate these maneuvers are effective in reducing death and disability. However, the overall effectiveness of these programs has not been tested experimentally. Moreover, much of the non experimental evidence supporting their value is based on the experience of referral units and does not measure the impact on the populations they serve. A definitive economic evaluation of neonatal intensive care has not yet been reported, despite the high cost of such programs. We conclude that neonatal intensive care programs require further evaluation with rigorous scientific methods. PMID- 6789206 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 35-1981. PMID- 6789207 TI - Evaluation and economic exigency in the NICU. PMID- 6789208 TI - Health planning -- demise or reformation? PMID- 6789209 TI - A DL-DOPA drop test for the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - A simple melanin assay using DL.DOPA as the substrate was developed to aid in the identification of Cryptococcus neoformans. The DL-DOPA drop test was simple and efficient. The best results (100% of the C. neoformans isolates were positive) occurred when C. neoformans was grown for two days at room temperature on Sabouraud agar modified. One to three loopfuls of yeast cells were then transferred to a starvation medium for 18-24 hours. Two of three drops of 0.3% DL DOPA solution was applied to the transferred yeast cells. Only C. neoformans produced a brown or blackgrey pigment within 24 hrs, with 85% of the isolates becoming brown or black-grey within thirty minutes. PMID- 6789210 TI - Induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin; with special reference to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and hormone excretion. PMID- 6789211 TI - Diversity of germ-line immunoglobulin VH genes. AB - The sequences of four embryonic mouse immunoglobulin VH genes have been compared. All genes end at codon 98 and code for a hydrophobic signal peptide of 19 residues interrupted at codon -4 by an intron of 83 base pairs. Substitutions occur in all gene segments but at a significantly higher frequency in the hypervariable regions. The data suggest an evolutionary basis for the diversity of immunoglobulin genes. Divergence resulted also in a termination codon in two of the genes, suggesting that part of the V gene repertoire cannot be expressed unless some correction mechanism is available. PMID- 6789212 TI - Developmental expression of a Drosophila actin gene encoding actin I. PMID- 6789213 TI - Independent control of immunoglobulin heavy and light chain expression in a murine pre-B-cell line. PMID- 6789214 TI - Rapid detection by counterimmunoelectrophoresis of antigens and antibodies in the sera of chickens infected with Leucocytozoon caulleryi. AB - The method of counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used to detect rapidly soluble antigens and antibodies in the sera of chickens infected with Leucocytozoon caulleryi. This method retained the specificity revealed by the Ouchterlony gel diffusion technique, and induced no false positive reactions. Therefore, it was applicable to the serological diagnosis of chicken leucocytozoonosis, as well as the Ouchterlony technique which is used in Japan at present. PMID- 6789215 TI - Hereditary deficiency of thyroxine-binding globulin. PMID- 6789216 TI - [The hidden source; hospital infection caused by endoscopes contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa used in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6789217 TI - [Toxicity of blue algae in recreational waters]. PMID- 6789218 TI - On some similarity between membrane antigens of the cell of Zajdela hepatoma and liver of rats subjected to a single 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene injection. AB - Zajdela ascitic hepatoma cells were tested with the organ specific immune serum against kidney cell ghosts in the reaction of immunofluorescence. On the surface of the hepatoma cells occurred heteroorganic antigens characteristic of the membranes of intact rat kidney but never observed in their liver. Similar antigens were found in the liver of rats 1-18 days following a single injection of a hepato-carcinogen--4-dimethylaminoazobenzene but not after 4 diethylaminoazobenzene, which is a noncarcinogenic structural analogue of 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene. Noteworthy is the transient nature of this alteration in antigenic structure, since from day 21 after carcinogen application it was no longer found. PMID- 6789219 TI - Toxicologic and therapeutic examinations with ftorafur in different mouse strains. AB - Ftorafur, a derivative of the antimetabolite 5-Fluorouracil, was tested for its toxicologic and therapeutic effectivity in the mouse strains XVII/Berlin, F1 (NMRI X DBA/2), Balb/c -- +/+, Balb/c -- nu/+, Balb/c -- nu/nu. The LD values were similar in all strains tested, with a somewhat higher sensibility of the homozygous nude mice. In each case lethality was higher in male than in female animals. This tendency was confirmed by the always more pronounced leukopenia in male versus female mice after high doses of Ftorafur. Thrombocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit were not influenced by Ftorafur treatment, whereas marked reticulopenias were observed. While in the L1210 model significant ILS values without distinct leukopenias were obtained, no convincing effectivity could be demonstrated in any of the other tumor models. The results confirm that it is possible to compare phenotypical normal with nude mice both with regard to dosage levels and therapeutic activity. PMID- 6789220 TI - Cytophotometric and cytogenetic characteristics of primary hepatomas induced in Wistar rats by aflatoxin B1. AB - Karyograms of the primary hepatomas induced in Wistar rats by aflatoxin b1 exhibited hypodiploid chromosome sets, and destruction of the chromosomes. Cytophotometric investigations showed a decrease of DNA content in the neoplastic cells, even to about 40% of DNA content in the normal hepatocytes in rats. In the neoplastic destruction of the chromatin material in these hepatomas breaks and deletion of the chromatids predominate. PMID- 6789221 TI - Alcohol and fetal endocrine function. AB - Maternal alcohol abuse during pregnancy represents a significant risk to normal perinatal growth and development. The mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of alcohol on the fetus are unknown but may involve perturbations in fetal endocrine function. Consequently, we have begun to examine the effects of alcohol exposure on thyroid and adrenal cortical function in the chronically cannulated ovine fetus. Our results indicate alcohol exposure in utero affects both the pituitary-thyroid and the adrenal cortical system in the fetus. Fetal pituitary-thyroid function appears depressed and fetal adrenal cortical function increased by alcohol. PMID- 6789222 TI - [Local production of oligoclonal immunoglobulin in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis in the light of quantitative and qualitative studies of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobins]. AB - The paper contains the results of qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin (Ig) determinations in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in multiple sclerosis (m.s.) and their evaluation in the aspect of the significance of local production and oligoclonal character of Ig in the pathogenesis of m.s. A statistically significant rise was found in the absolute and relative levels of IgG and IgA with an evident rise in the IgM level and IgG ratio values. The oligoclonal character of CSF Ig in electrophoresis in agar or agarose was evident in 84% of m.s. cases, and also in a limited number of cases of other central nervous system diseases. Abnormal ratio of kappa/lambda light globulin chains was found exclusively in investigations of CSF from m.s. cases--in 52% of cases, and in one case of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. The author concludes that in most m.s. cases local production of oligoclonal Ig takes place within the CNS, but the mechanisms determining local selection of a limited number of cell clones in this disease are not known. It may be supposed that an action of external factor(s) on the immune system in the period preceding the appearance of clinical manifestations of the disease may be of decisive significance for the oligoclonal character of Ig in this disease. PMID- 6789224 TI - Spectral analysis of EEG in the late course of primary generalized myoclonic astatic epilepsy. I. EEG and clinical data. AB - The EEG of 38 patients suffering from primary generalized myoclonic astatic epilepsy since early childhood is studied in late stages of the disease. Spectral analysis shows that parietal 4-7 cps rhythms (theta rhythms) which are typical of the EEG in the early stages of the disorder can still exist in the EEG of the adult. The rhythms seem to be related to the course of the epilepsy. In the EEG of patients who still have seizures rhythms occur more often than in the EEG of patients who are free of seizures in the two years before the reexamination of their EEG. The functional anomaly producing a 4-7 cps rhythmization of the parietal EEG seems to be one pathogenetic factor in some epileptic disorders of early childhood, especially in primary generalized myoclonic-astatic epilepsy. PMID- 6789223 TI - [Diagnostic value of quantitative and qualitative studies of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis]. AB - The author reports the results of quantitative and qualitative investigations of immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis and their evaluation in the aspect of their diagnostic usefulness. Determinations of the relative Ig level and the IgG index were of greater diagnostic usefulness than determinations of absolute Ig level. Already determination of the absolute level was valuable in cases with normal total protein level in the fluid. The results of quantitative determinations of Ig in the fluid were insufficient, however, for differential diagnosis against the group of diseases with local Ig production. Evaluation of the oligoclonal character of Ig in the fluid based on electrophoretic separation in agar and agarose was very useful in the diagnosis, but this phenomenon occurs also in a limited group of other central nervous system diseases. The abnormal ratio of kappa to lambda chains in the cerebrospinal fluid is of decisive importance for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Complex quantitative and qualitative determinations of Ig in the cerebrospinal fluid are a significant advance in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis making possible the correct diagnosis in cases with monosymptomatic or oligosymptomatic onset already in the first stage of the disease, and also in clinically silent periods e.g. before the first phase of the disease. PMID- 6789225 TI - Changes in the voluntary muscles and the peripheral nerves in an autopsy case of MPS type II (Hunter). AB - Skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves obtained at autopsy from a fifteen-year old boy who had mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter) were examined. The muscles showed severe neurogenic atrophy, chiefly from a distal motor neuropathy due to damage of the intramuscular nerve terminals. There was only a very slight loss of motor neurons in the spinal cord, which itself could not explain the severe atrophy of the muscles. Contrary to former observations in Tay-Sachs disease, in which the telodendra of peripheral nerves had exhibited abundant intraaxonal storage phenomena, similar axonal distensions were not found in the present case. PMID- 6789226 TI - Eyeground malformations in the fetal alcohol syndrome. PMID- 6789228 TI - The internist at the MEDDAC. PMID- 6789227 TI - Antagonism of ketamine-induced anesthesia and hypothermia by thyrotropin releasing hormone and cyclo(His-Pro). PMID- 6789229 TI - Paternal separation and the military dependent child. PMID- 6789230 TI - Expected psychological reactions to disaster in medical rescue teams. PMID- 6789232 TI - Case for diagnosis. Medullary sponge kidney. PMID- 6789231 TI - A review of child maltreatment at a USAF medical center. PMID- 6789233 TI - Pubic ramus and adductor insertion stress fractures in female basic trainees. PMID- 6789234 TI - Teaching reference file for family practice residencies. PMID- 6789235 TI - An evaluation of actinic blocking agents. PMID- 6789236 TI - Choledochal cyst: case report. PMID- 6789237 TI - Self destructive behavior and ethanol abuse patterns among United States naval recruits in training. PMID- 6789238 TI - Infection control problems. A survey of the Veterans Administration Medical Centers in the northeastern United States. PMID- 6789239 TI - Swallowed endotracheal tube: a neonatal emergency. Case report. PMID- 6789240 TI - Foramen of Bochdalek hernia in an adult: case report. PMID- 6789241 TI - Massive hemorrhage to scrotum from laceration of inferior epigastric artery following percutaneous femoral vein catheterization: case report. PMID- 6789242 TI - Suggestions for expansion of the use of the term "borderline malignancy" for a number of different histopathologic neoplasms. PMID- 6789243 TI - [Value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the diagnosis and postoperative monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6789244 TI - [Epidemiology of cancer of the stomach in our clinical experience]. PMID- 6789245 TI - [The use of a nutritive powder for hospitalized patients]. PMID- 6789247 TI - [Association between ABO blood groups, cholelithiasis and Gilbert's syndrome]. PMID- 6789246 TI - [Comparison between diets with different lipid and carbohydrate in patients with brain lesions]. PMID- 6789248 TI - [Lipid absorption after bilio-pancreatic bypass for obesity]. PMID- 6789249 TI - [Changes in the primary resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Piedmont 1965 1979]. AB - A comparison is made of the data drawn from Hospital statistics for the period 1965-79 with regard to antibiograms from patients with first T. B. observations. A progressive reduction in primary resistance in the general sense was noted, with an increase in the case of RAMP only. There was a constant decrease for INH, PAS and ETB, whereas SM, KM and CS values were stationary. The conclusion is drawn that the reduction in primary resistance notwithstanding the continual employment of these drugs must be attributed to the fact that the resistant mycobacteria have depressed proliferative capacity and virulence. Primary resistance, therefore, while a good pointer to the epidemiology of T.B. infection, is not a cause for concern from the therapeutic standpoint. PMID- 6789250 TI - [Effect of pulmonary reventilation on gas exchange after cryolytic removal of obstruction in endobronchial tumors]. AB - Blood gas analysis was used to assess the value of cryolytic endobronchial disobstruction in functional recovery of the reventilated lung parenchyma, with particular reference to the real improvement brought about in blood gas equilibrium by reventilation. Blood gas analysis was carried out in 5 cases of malignant tracheobronchial neoplasia (3 with atelectasis or subatelectasis) before and after disobstruction. Improved gas exchange, primarily in the form of better blood oxygen values, was noted in all cases, with a mean improvement of 28% in 3 cases and 7% in 2. It should be noted, however, that there was no correspondence between the results and the presence or otherwise of radiological evidence of atelectasis prior to the treatment. PMID- 6789251 TI - [Carotidynia]. AB - The clinical definition of carotidynia is not a controversial one, whereas how its etiology should be interpreted is still uncertain. The study of the clinical features and the therapeutical results in 12 patients suffering from carotidynia reveals a marked resemblance to migraine. In particular, the case history reported points out a significant incidence of migraine as a familial disease, its special localization and the type of pain, the possible presence of a prodromal stage and the favourable response to the drugs that are known to be effective in migraine treatment. The theory that carotidynia should be ascribed to the group of vascular headaches is therefore suggested. PMID- 6789253 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia; observation of 13 clinical cases]. AB - Thirteen immuno-electrophoretically diagnosed cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia are presented in 11 women and 2 men aged 57-60 yr. Abdominal plain (53.34%), asthenia and weariness (46.15%), anorexia (38.46%), weight loss (38.46%), intercurrent infections (38.46%), haemorrhage (30.76%), and loss of vision (30.76%) were the most frequent symptoms. One patient presented intercostal neuritis with burning pains that only responded to cortisones. Mean survival from the date of observation was between 3.5 and 14 yr. PMID- 6789252 TI - [Usefulness of sequential isotopic cholangiography in biliary surgery follow-up]. AB - Personal experience in the follow-up of 39 patients subjected to bile duct surgery is reported. The results indicated that sequential isotopic cholangiography is less effective as a supplementary examination in the postoperative period by comparison with its use in preoperative diagnosis. It does, in fact, constitute the only possibility of visualising the main biliary pathway in subjects who have been operated for biliodigestive anastomosis, with the exception of invasive methods, such as PTC, itself out of the question in the execution of periodic postoperative controls. PMID- 6789254 TI - [Primary atypical amyloidosis; a case report]. AB - A case of diffuse primary amyloidosis with predominantly liver onset is reported. The absence of amyloid in the abdominal subcutaneous fat and in the rectal mucosa, the wide ECG voltage range, the absence of nephropathy and proteinuria as well as the absence of immunoglobulin involvement, are in contrast with autoptic findings of ubiquitous involvement of amyloid substance. It is considered that the pathogenesis of this disease is still open to discussion. PMID- 6789255 TI - [Syndrome caused by ovarian hyperstimulation and pregnancy]. PMID- 6789256 TI - Metabolic regulation of aortic chemoreceptor responses to CO2. AB - Modification of the unusually feeble responses of aortic chemoreceptors to CO2 was studied in cats which were anethetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated and maintained at 38 degrees C. The inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, oligomycin, strikingly augmented the initial responses to CO2 of aortic chemoreceptors just as for carotid chemoreceptors, indicating that the basic mechanism of chemoreception might be regulated in part through energy metabolism. PMID- 6789257 TI - Glycosyltransferase activities in chicken brain synaptic junctions. AB - Isolated synaptic junction fractions from adult chicken brain were found to contain a number of glycoprotein glycosyltransferase with different donor and acceptor specificities. The activities of sialyl- and galactosyltransferases towards endogenous acceptors in the synaptic junction fraction were low but increased greatly after the addition of deglycosylated fetuin or mucin as exogenous acceptors. The activity of the fucosyltransferases towards endogenous acceptors in the fraction was much higher than that of the other transferases. The addition of deglycosylated fetuin caused a smaller increase in the activity than with the other transferases and deglycosylated mucin had no effect. We find no evidence for the enrichment of any glycosyltransferase in the synaptic junction. If anything, our results suggest that the synaptic junction may be specifically depleted in one type of fucosyltransferase. PMID- 6789258 TI - Dr. Frankenstein, I presume? Who's to kill, or should we kill the monster we have created? PMID- 6789260 TI - Nutrition in the peri-operative patient. PMID- 6789259 TI - Nocturnal sleep apnoea: method of diagnosis. AB - A patient with sleep apnoea syndrome is presented. The value of a rapid CO2 analyser and an oesophageal pressure recorder in the diagnosis is described. PMID- 6789261 TI - Surgical management of pharyngeal pouch. PMID- 6789263 TI - Nasogastric tube feeding: the nursing perspective. PMID- 6789262 TI - TRH testing, T4-thyrotoxicosis and the aging thyroid gland. AB - Secondary thyroid function tests were compared in 41 mildly thyrotoxic and 36 euthyroid patients with an elevated free thyroxine index (FT4I). A serum TSH measurement 20 minutes after intravenous TRH (delta TSH) most reliably separates these two groups. A significant delta TSH response (greater than 0.5 microU/ml) is also helpful in excluding clinical thyrotoxicosis in patients with nodular goitre. The free T3 index was normal in one-third of mildly thyrotoxic patients and in all euthyroid patients with a falsely elevated FT4I. Blunted delta TSH responses to TRH in elderly New Zealand women were associated with nodular goitre or occult thyroid nodularity revealed only by thyroid scan. The reduced TRH responses are more likely due to partial thyroid autonomy than reduced synthetic capacity of thyrotrophs in old age. PMID- 6789264 TI - Urinary estradiol-17-beta-glucuronide assay for gonadotropin therapy. AB - To investigate the possibility of using urinary estradiol-17 beta-glucuronide (E2 17G) measured by direct radioimmunoassay to monitor ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG), serum estrogen and urinary E2-17G levels were determined daily by 21 women treated with hMG for a total of 32 treatment cycles. Urinary E2-17G was measured in 24-hour and overnight specimens. A significant correlation was found between serum estrogens (primarily estradiol) measured by radioimmunoassay without preceding chromatography and urinary E2-17G excretion measured at 24 hours and overnight. The correlation was not significantly improved by correcting the 24-hour and overnight urinary E2-17G excretion levels with creatinine measurements. Although there was significant correlation between serum estrogens and urinary E2-17G measured by direct radioimmunoassay, the urinary E2-17G concentrations observed when serum estrogens levels indicated preovulatory follicle maturation (ie, at serum estrogens levels between 500 and 1000 pg/ml) varied so much that a clinical decision to trigger or not to trigger ovulation with human chorionic gonadotropin could not be reached in each case. These data indicate that significant correlation is not the only prerequisite for a new method to replace a proved procedure. Further studies are required to determine the reliability of monitoring hMG therapy with direct E2 17G radioimmunoassays in overnight urine collections. PMID- 6789266 TI - Patient package inserts: instruction or confusion in the marketplace? PMID- 6789265 TI - Advanced ovarian cancer: brief intensive combination chemotherapy and second-look operation. AB - The effects of brief intensive combination chemotherapy have been evaluated in 59 patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Following surgery and before chemotherapy, 16 patients had limited residual cancer (tumor nodules 3 cm or less in diameter) and 43 had bulky disease (tumor nodules greater than 3 cm). Chemotherapy with hexamethylmelamine, cyclophosphamide or 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cisplatin was given intensively. Myelo-suppression was the most serious side effect, although gastrointestinal, neurologic, and renal toxicity was also observed. Fifty-five of the 58 (95%) evaluable patients had either a partial clinical response or no clinically detectable tumor following therapy. Forty-five of these 55 patients underwent a second-look surgical evaluation at 6 months; 17 of 45 patients (14 of 16 patients with limited residual disease and 3 of 29 with bulky disease) had no evidence of residual cancer, and 9 patients had all known cancer resected. Sixteen of 17 patients who attained a complete response as judged by laparotomy remain in remission; median follow-up has been 19 months (range, 9 to 30 months) following chemotherapy. This combination chemotherapy produces marked tumor regression as judged by second-look evaluation, and most patients who had limited residual disease have all evidence of cancer eradicated. Longer observations is required to determine how many of these patients will remain continuously free of ovarian cancer. PMID- 6789267 TI - Protein and energy requirements of the hospitalized patient. PMID- 6789269 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. Incidence of iris hamartomata. AB - The results of a prospective survey of the ophthalmic manifestations of neurofibromatosis (NFT) have never been published. We studied the ocular features of NFT in 77 patients (ages 5 weeks to 69 years) among whom the diagnosis was made by nonophthalmic parameters. Of subjects ages 6 years and older, 92% had hamartomatous lesions of the iris, termed Lisch nodules, as distinguished from common iris nevi in nonaffected individuals. The presence of Lisch nodules is correlated to age, but not to number of cafe-au-lait spots, number of neurofibromata, or severity of disease. Lisch nodules appear among prepubertal children and are apparently unique to NFT. They are a valuable criterion by which to diagnose NFT in problematic cases. PMID- 6789268 TI - Clinical trial of vitamin B6 for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina. AB - Seven patients with gyrate atrophy and deficiency of ornithine-delta aminotransferase were studied for in vivo pyridoxine responsiveness; three responded to oral vitamin B6 with over 50% reduction of serum ornithine levels and return to normal of serum lysine levels. Electrophysiologic studies were performed on two B6-responsive patients and one B6-nonresponder over various time periods with and without pyridoxine supplementation. Electroretinogram (ERG) amplitudes improved 100% in one patient when initially given high doses of vitamin B6. Electro-oculogram light-to-dark ratio also improved for this patient. Withdrawal followed by resumption of B6 supplementation was associated with mild worsening followed by improvement of ERG responses respectively in both patients. Long-term follow-up will be needed to assess whether pyridoxine treatment will slow or halt the progression of the disease. PMID- 6789270 TI - A multiphasic patient education program. PMID- 6789271 TI - A multidisciplinary education program for patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. PMID- 6789272 TI - Patient understanding: the key to quality patient education. PMID- 6789273 TI - Health care in US correctional facilities. PMID- 6789274 TI - Improving patient compliance. PMID- 6789275 TI - Informed consent: a goal of managed patient education services. PMID- 6789276 TI - The benefits of evaluating care provided to children hospitalized with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6789277 TI - Use of incidence report data in a system-wide quality assurance/risk management program. PMID- 6789278 TI - Upgrading health services in the nation's jails: the American Medical Association jail health project. PMID- 6789279 TI - Medical staff and hospital administration uses of discharge abstract data. AB - In summary, this article suggests several useful approaches whereby physicians and hospital administrators can efficiently sort through large amounts of discharge abstract data to identify problem areas, particularly those concerning quality of care and utilization of services, and to formulate strategies for improvement. Approaches and steps suggested include: . Review objectives determining variables of greatest concern; . Standards-determining acceptable values or levels of performance; . Focus of review-determining the unit of review, such as specific departments, diseases, or physicians; and . Quality and reliability of discharge abstract data-determining the data to use by undertaking four levels of edits: technical edits, logical edits, ratio edits, and categorical edits. A model flowchart provided in this article serves as a conceptual framework by which potential problem areas can be studied during a patient's hospitalization to precisely identify the interaction, the time, and the cause/association of the problem. PMID- 6789280 TI - Diabetic teaching: investigation of a problem that nursing had not realized existed. PMID- 6789282 TI - [Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum (Fabry-Anderson disease)]. PMID- 6789281 TI - [Effect of growth hormone on the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and thyroxine-binding globulin in hypopituitarism]. PMID- 6789283 TI - Heredity hearing losses with delayed onset: mechanisms of expression. AB - Inherited hearing loss with a delayed onset is a feature of an intriguing group of disorders. The mechanisms whereby delayed hearing loss develops may be grouped as primary degenerative (abiotrophic) disorders, secondary degenerative disorders, dysgenerative disorders, and disorders of inappropriate response. Illustrative examples within these four groups are discussed. The difficulties in determining the preclinical latent state in inherited disorders are briefly outlined. PMID- 6789284 TI - Contemporary radiology in congenital craniofacial disorders. PMID- 6789286 TI - [Toxoplasmosis surveillance during pregnancy in Austria--results and problems]. PMID- 6789285 TI - [Typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the feces of healthy and sick children. Methodological comparison between pyocin-typing, lyso-typing and serotyping]. PMID- 6789287 TI - [Optimal TRH-testdose in children: 1 microgram TRH/kg (i. v.) (author's transl)]. AB - In a previous study the optimal TRH test dose of 1 microgram/kg (i v.) was determined in 67 infants between the ages of 2 weeks and 2 years old. At that time the following doses were tested: 0.5 microgram, 1 microgram, 1 microgram/kg, 2 micrograms/kg and 200 micrograms. In the present study the clinical application of this low dose TRH administered to children between the ages of 25 months and 16 years will be reported. There was a significant increase in TSH in all of the 70 euthyroidic children. The 30 minute values after intravenous injection of 1 microgram TRH/kg were 11.7 +/- 4.5 microU/ml (400% increase, upper threshold value 20 microU/ml). The dose of 200 micrograms TRH resulted in a 30 min value of 13.0 +/- 6.6 microU/ml in 30 of the children (430% increase, upper threshold value 20 microU/ml). In children two years old and younger these values were significantly higher. After administering 1 micrograms TRH/kg, the value 17.0 +/- 8.5 microU TRH/ml was measured in 20 children (735--400% increase) and after 200 micrograms TRH, the value 21.0 +/- 7.5 microU/ml (690--200%). The upper threshold value is 36 microU TSH/ml. The TSH basal secretion did not depend on the age of the child. The upper threshold value of 7.5 microU TSH/ml applies to children two weeks of age and older. 1 microgram TRH/kg (i. v.) is the optimal test dose for children. The higher doses do not provide any additional clinical information. PMID- 6789288 TI - [Treatment result and treatment resistance in early childhood petit mal epilepsy]. AB - The data of 115 children with age-dependent epilepsy in early childhood and treated in the out-patient department of the university clinic for pediatrics in Vienna in the past 20 years were prepared for computerization and subsequently processed. The average observation period was 10,9 years (SD = 6,81 years). At the time of the study 20 out of 35 children with infantile spasms and 61 out of 80 children with myoclonic-astatic seizures were free from seizures. We consider Benzidiazepines to be the optimum treatment for both of the above-mentioned kinds of seizures. If they failed to achieve the desired success, ACTH and steroids proved to be quite effective. In cases of myoclonicastatic seizures with generalized EEG patterns, VPA is indicated. In order to be able to judge the dynamics in psychic development more effectively, we divided our patients into three groups: children with stable development, those with obvious retardation, and those with obvious positive development in the course of therapy. There was no statistically significant correlation between a delayed onset of therapy and the absence of seizures as well as a more satisfactory psychic development (according to the Man-Whitney-Test and the Kruskal-Wallis-Test). In children with infantile spasms we found a statistically significant correlation (p less than 0.05) between relief from seizures and a satisfactory psychic development. In general, the somatic and psychic prognosis of Petit-Mal epilepsies in early childhood seems to depend on pretherapeutical factors. PMID- 6789290 TI - Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita. PMID- 6789289 TI - A simple routine method for mono and diamine oxidase estimation in human serum. AB - The advantages and disadvantages of previous methods for the routine estimations of serum mono and diamine oxidase are reviewed. 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl acetic acid reacts wtih hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase to form an intensely fluorescent substance, and a simple method using this reaction as a basis for the estimation is described. The results are tabulated and discussed. PMID- 6789291 TI - Estimation of GnRH pulse amplitude during pubertal development. AB - Fourteen children between 2.5 and 16 years of age were studied to provide a quantitative estimate of the changes in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse amplitude in hypophysial portal plasma during puberty. Responses to physiologic doses of synthetic GnRH were measured [induced luteinizing hormone (delta LH) and induced follicle-stimulating hormone (delta FHS)] and compared with spontaneous fluctuations in gonadotropins [spontaneous luteinizing hormone (delta sLH) and spontaneous follicle-stimulating hormone (delta FHS)]. One to four low-dose (0.0125 or 0.025 microgram/kg IV) pulses of GnRH were given every 2 hr between 0800 ad 1600 or 2200 and 0400 hr. Maximal peripheral plasma concentrations of GnRH one min after pulses averaged 107 +/- 25 pg/ml (S.E.) (0.0125 microgram/kg dose) and 218 +/- 33 pg/ml (0.025 microgram/kg dose). In early pubertal children the maximal delta LH was similar to or less than the maximal nocturnal delta sLH (maximum, delta LH 7.0 +/- 0.2 versus maximum delta sLH 7.0 +/- 1.3 mIU/ml in boys, 7.0 +/- 1.2 versus 16.0 +/- 3.0 mIU/ml in girls). Luteinizing hormone (LH) responses were low or undetectable in children whose bone ages were less than 10 years. When discernible, LH pulse frequency was similar during daytime and nighttime sampling periods in early pubertal boys. However, two hourly injections of GnRH given during the day did not simulate the initial nocturnal rise in LH. Overall mean delta FSH and delta sFSH were similar in three prepubertal female patients (3.0 +/- 0.2 versus 2.8 +/- 0.2 mIU/ml). delta FSH was greater than delta sFSH in two patients with gonadal dysgenesis (bone ages, 2.5 and 5 years) and in one prepubertal girl. The gonadotropin responses seen in early pubertal children suggests that the amplitude of nocturnal GnRH pulses is equal to or greater than that previously reported in normal men. PMID- 6789292 TI - Acute diabetic ketoacidosis in children: role of the stress hormones. PMID- 6789293 TI - The effect of varying protein quality and energy intake on the nitrogen metabolism of parenterally fed very low birthweight (less than 1600 g) infants. AB - Net nitrogen retention (NNR) and rates of whole-body protein turnover (Q), synthesis, and breakdown (B) were measured in 24 intravenously fed premature infants, birthweight less than 1600 g, at the end of the first week of life. Four regimes were used: Amigenglucose +/- Intralipid; Vamin-glucose +/- Intralipid. Mean protein intake was 2.7 g/kg/day. Mean energy intakes were 68 to 98 kcal/kg/day. Vamin was a better protein source (p less than 0.01), evidence by a higher NNR; 72 +/- 2%, cf. 56 +/- 4% at high-energy intakes. The high-energy intake also improved (p less than 0.01) protein retention (NNR); 64 cf. 50%. Infants receiving 2.9 g of Vamin (394 mg N)/ kg/day and 85 kcal/kg/day of nonprotein intake retained nitrogen at intrauterine rates (282 +/- 7 mg/kg/day). Diet had no effect on Q, synthesis, or B. However, the protein source had a significant effect (p less than 0.01) on the fraction of N-flux coming from protein breakdown (B/Q); 71.7% for Vamin, cf. 77.1% for Amigen. Similarly, energy intake had a significant effect (p less than 0.01) on the fraction N-flux utilized for protein synthesis (S/Q); 91.3% high energy cf. 87.0% low energy. These results suggest that an increased energy intake improved N-retention by enhancing amino acid reutilization for protein synthesis, whereas a higher quality protein improved N-retention by limiting protein breakdown..3% high energy cf. 87.0% low energy. These results suggest that an increased energy intake improved N-retention by enhancing amino acid reutilization for protein synthesis, whereas a higher quality protein improved N-retention by limiting protein breakdown..3% high energy cf. 87.0% low energy. These results suggest that an increased energy intake improved N-retention by enhancing amino acid reutilization for protein synthesis, whereas a higher quality protein improved N retention by limiting protein breakdown. PMID- 6789294 TI - Effects of alterations of inspiratory and expiratory pressures and inspiratory/expiratory ratios on mean airway pressure, blood gases, and intracranial pressure. AB - Twenty neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, including 13 with hyaline membrane disease, were studied to assess the effects of alterations in ventilator settings on mean airway pressure (MAP), blood gases, and intracranial pressure (ICP). The study involved random alterations in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and inspiratory/expiratory ratio while MAP, PaO2, ICP, and end-tibal PCO2 were continuously monitored. The results showed a significant relationship between MAP and PaO2 that was expressed as the change in PaO2 per millimeter of mercury change in MAP (delta PaO2/delta MAP) with a mean delta PaO2/delta MAP of 4.92. The delta PaO2/delta MAP was highest for changes in PEEP (6.08), followed by PIP (5.07), and inspiratory/expiratory ratio (1.9). There was a significant relationship between alterations in PEEP and PIP vs PaCO2 and pH. Increases in PEEP and decreases in PIP resulted in an elevated PaCO2 and a lowered pH, and decreases in PEEP and increases in PIP resulted in a decreased PaCO2 and an elevated pH. There was no significant relationship between MAP and ICP, but there was a significant association between delta ICP and delta PaCO2 during alterations in PIP (r = .64, P less than .001). Increases in PEEP will lead to the greatest increase in PaO2 per change in MAP, followed by increase in PIP and inspiratory/expiratory ratio using a pressure-limited ventilator. PMID- 6789295 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography for catheter location and placement in infants and children. AB - This paper presents our experience with two-dimensional echocardiography in the detection of 61 intravascular catheters or wires in a series of 39 infants and children. It was possible to identify intravascular wires as small as 0.5 mm in diameter and intravascular catheters as small as 0.9 mm in diameter. In no instance, was an intravascular catheter not detected. The two-dimensional echocardiogram is demonstrated to be a tool to assist the physician in placement of intravascular catheters. In the catheterization laboratory, the two dimensional echocardiogram is useful in determining catheter location, particularly in the presence of complex congenital defects. Two-dimensional echocardiographic guidance of catheters minimizes exposure to ionizing radiation. PMID- 6789296 TI - Relactation by mothers of sick and premature infants. AB - Relactation, the induction of lactation at any time beyond the immediate postpartum period, has received minimal scientific investigation. In this study, one adoptive mother and six mothers ten to 150 days postpartum, who for a variety of reasons did not initiate or maintain lactation after delivery, attempted relactation. Each suckled her infant at regular feeding intervals. Prior to milk production, formula was provided during suckling through an artificial device. Serum prolactin responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone infusion and to suckling were measured at the start of the study and to suckling at approximately weekly intervals thereafter. All mothers produced milk; three completely nourished their infants and two others provided at least half of their infants' nutritional needs. The adoptive mother and one other failed to provide significant quantities of milk. Mothers reached their maximum potential for milk production in varying periods of time (eight to 58 days). Shorter postpartum interval and less postpartum breast involution correlated with the likelihood of successful relactation and the rapidity of the onset of lactation. Basal prolactin levels and stimulation tests were of no additional predictive value. Each mother, regardless of milk production, expressed positive feelings about nurturing her infants in this manner. We conclude that relactation frequently is possible and may offer the mother of a sick or premature infant who desires to breast-feed an alternative if she does not maintain lactation in the immediate postpartum period. PMID- 6789297 TI - Transcutaneous measurement of carbon dioxide tension: effect of sleep state in term infants. AB - Transcutaneous measurement of carbon dioxide tension (tcPO2) was used to assess the effect of sleep state on arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in infants. Initially, tcPCO2 was correlated with PaCO2 in 50 sick preterm and term neonates with indwelling arterial lines. At a skin electrode temperature of 42 degrees C, the correlation coefficient between tcPCO2 and PaCO2 was .95. In eight healthy term infants there was a small but significant decrease in tcPCO2 of 2 +/- 1 mm Hg (P less than .001) during active as compared to quiet sleep. This decrease in tcPCO2 was accompanied by a significant decrease in transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPO2) of 5 +/- 4 mm Hg (P less than .02) as has been previously described. The simultaneous decrease of both tcPCO2 and tcPO2 appears to indicate ventilation/perfusion inequalities in these infants during active sleep. These findings illustrate that tcPCO2 can accurately predict PaCO2 in infants and that this is a useful technique for studying neonatal respiratory control during various stages of sleep. PMID- 6789298 TI - Effect of oxygen administration during sleep on skin surface oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in patients with chronic lung disease. AB - Hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and cor pulmonale ultimately occur in most patients with chronic lung disease. Although oxygen therapy may reduce or delay the development of pulmonary hypertension and myocardial failure in these patients, its use is thought to lead to CO2 narcosis and apnea. The effect of O2 administration during sleep has been examined in 12 patients (seven with cystic fibrosis, three with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, one with bronchiolitis obliterans, and one with severe hypersensitivity pneumonitis) using skin surface O2 (Roche) and CO2 (Radiometer) electrodes. Both electrodes were calibrated over wet gas and applied at 44 C. Ten patients had chronic hypercarbia (PaCO2 62 +/- 19 torr; range 46 to 103 torr) when awake. Humidified oxygen was administered by nasal cannula, Venturi mask, or head hood. Oxygen flow was increased every 20 minutes from 80 minutes or until the patient awoke. In eight of ten patients with hypercarbia and in the two normocarbic patients, skin surface carbon dioxide tension (PsCO2) increased by 10% or less as the skin surface oxygen tension (PsO2) was increased. In the remaining two patients with hypercarbia (both had cystic fibrosis) PsCO2 increased 18% and 24% as PsO2 was increased. These last two patients with depressed responsiveness to CO2 could not be separated from the other patients by clinical or laboratory criteria. It is concluded that the skin surface blood gas tensions are a simple and reproducible method for adjusting oxygen therapy in patients with chronic lung disease, and although the response to oxygen varies from patient to patient, most patients with chronic hypercarbia retain their central responsiveness to CO2 during sleep and for them O2 therapy is probably safe. PMID- 6789299 TI - [A circulating inhibitor specific to factor V. Clinical, biological and therapeutic study (author's transl)]. AB - A 65-year-old man developed severe haemorrhagic diathesis associated with complete and isolated factor V deficiency due to the presence of a circulating antibody inhibiting specifically Factor V. No evidence of autoimmune disease was found, but the patient had received isoniazid, streptomycin and PAS for pulmonary tuberculosis 12 years before the inhibitor was discovered. This low titer (4 micro/ml) was an IgG of the gamma G1, gamma G2, or gamma G4 subclass. It was stable at 56 degrees C but unstable at low pH, had strong affinity for human plasma Factor V and did not cross-react with either porcine or bovine Factor V. Its inhibitory activity was blocked by both normal human plasma or serum, but not be the plasma of a patient with severe, inherited Factor V deficiency. A 4-week immunosuppressive treatment with prednisone and azathioprine resulted in disappearance of the antibody and return of Factor V to a normal level. However, this level rapidly decreased after immunosuppression was discontinued, and could only be maintained at 40 to 60% of normal values by longterm treatment with prednisone and cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6789300 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6789301 TI - [Fatal bone marrow involvement in voluntary acute poisoning with sodium dipropylacetate]. PMID- 6789302 TI - [Pseudothrombopenia caused by in vitro thromboagglutination]. PMID- 6789303 TI - [Waldenstrom disease with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6789304 TI - [Multiple jejunal diverticula and frenum obstruction of the small intestine. Pathogenic relation apropos of a case]. PMID- 6789306 TI - [Assessment of haemodynamic parameters using non-triggered radioisotope methods (author's transl)]. AB - The minimal transit times (MTTs) are the shortest transport times of a tracer in sequential segments of the heart. The MTTs are measured with a conventional gamma camera, after an i.v. injection of an intravenously retained radiopharmaceutical. Theoretical considerations predict that the MTTs are inversely proportional to the "ejection fraction" of a given segment. An advantage of this method is that the MTTs not only yield information about the function of the left ventricle but also indicate the haemodynamic status of all the other heart segments. The MTT measurement is not susceptible to disturbances related to background correction and ventricle delineation, and is easily performed even under peak exercise conditions. By means of comprehensive data the sensitivity usefullness of this quick and easy procedure are demonstrated. PMID- 6789305 TI - Presence of queuine in Drosophila melanogaster: correlation of free pool with queuosine content of tRNA and effect of mutations in pteridine metabolism. AB - Queuine, a modified form of 7-deazaguanine present in certain transfer RNAs, is shown to occur in Drosophila melanogaster adults in a free form and its concentration varies as a function of age, nutrition and genotype. In several, but not all mutant strains, the concentrations of queuine and the Q(+) (queuine containing) form of tRNATyr are correlated. The bioassay employs L-M cells which respond to the presence of queuine by an increase in their Q(+)tRNAAsp that is accompanied by a decrease in the Q(-)tRNAAsp isoacceptors. The increase in Q(+)tRNATyr in Drosophila that occurs on a yeast diet is accompanied by an increase in queuine. Similarly the increase of Q(+)tRNAs with age also is accompanied by an increase in free queuine. In two mutants, brown and sepia, these correlations were either diminished or failed to occur. Indeed, the extract of both mutants inhibited the response of the L-M cells to authentic queuine. When the pteridines that occur at abnormally high levels in sepia were used at 1 x 10(-6)M, the inhibition of the L-M cell assay occurred in the order biopterin greater than pterin greater than sepiapterin. These pteridines were also inhibitory for the purified guanine:tRNA transglycosylase from rabbit but the relative effectiveness then was pterin greater than biopterin greater than sepiapterin. Pterin was competitive with guanine in the enzyme reaction with Ki = 0.9 x 10(-7)M. Also when an extract of sepia was chromatographed on Sephadex G 50, the pteridine-containing fractions only were inhibitory toward the L-M cell assay or the enzyme assay. These results indicate that free queuine occurs in Drosophila but also that certain pteridines may interfere with the incorporation of queuine into RNA. PMID- 6789307 TI - DNA damage induced with near-ultraviolet light irradiation in the presence of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide. AB - When Bacillus subtilis transforming DNA was irradiated with near-ultraviolet light in the presence of quinoxaline-1,4-dioxide, the activity of DNA decreased rapidly. This loss of activity was ascribed to damages on DNA that lead to chain cleavages of the molecule. A feature of this phototoxic action of the reagent is that it takes place in nitrogen atmosphere and is inhibited by oxygen. PMID- 6789308 TI - Inhibition of phosphoribosylation of 5-fluorouracil by purines. AB - The mechanism of the reversal of 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity in L5178Y cells by hypoxanthine, adenine and inosine was examined in a cell-free system. A crude extract of the cells possessed high hypoxanthine and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities. Hypoxanthine (2 mM), adenine (5 mM) and inosine (5 mM) inhibited the nucleotide formation from 5-fluorouracil at 0.2 mM 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP). However, at a higher concentration of PRPP (2.5 mM), the inhibition of hypoxanthine was not found. It suggests that the inhibition of 5-fluorouracil metabolism is due to a deficiency of PRPP induced by phosphoribosylation of hypoxanthine and adenine. PMID- 6789309 TI - Hyperalimentation standards of practice of the National Intravenous Therapy Association, Inc. (NITA). PMID- 6789310 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6789311 TI - [Seasonal incidence of positive complement binding test with the Listeria monocytogenes antigen]. PMID- 6789312 TI - The effect of thyroliberin and some of its analogues on the hind limb flexor reflex in the spinal rat. AB - Thyroliberin (TRH) (0.5-4 mg/kg) enhanced the flexor reflex (increase in the reflex amplitude) in a dose-dependent way. A similar though weaker effect was exerted by one of its analogues examined in our experiment (Pyr-His-Pro-NH-NH2 . 2HCI, 2--8 mg/kg). The other two analogues tested (Pyr-Tyr-Pro-NH2 and Pic-His Pro-NH2) were inactive in this respect. TRH (0.5-8 mg/kg) produced no effect on the neuro-muscular transmission. Serotoninolytics (metergoline, pizotifen) and noradrenolytics (phenoxybenzamine, haloperidol) did not counteract the TRH induced stimulation of the reflex. On the other hand, ti was found that TRH enhanced the stimulating effect of LSD and, especially, of clonidine on the flexor reflex. The results obtained suggest that the stimulatory action of TRH on the flexor reflex is not connected with its direct effect either on the serotoninergic or nonradrenergic transmission, and that TRH increases the reactivity of central noradrenaline receptors and, to a smaller extent, of serotonin ones. PMID- 6789313 TI - Ceruloplasmin and liver diamine oxidase in guinea pig after industrial emulsifiers application. AB - Plasma ceruloplasmin and liver diamine oxidase were measured in guinea pigs pretreated with industrial emulsifiers (long chain aliphatic amines combined with ethylene oxides). Emulsifiers produced biphasic changes in ceruloplasmin activity. An increase observed the 1st and 3rd day was followed by a drop at the 7th day. Diamine oxidase was diminished markedly at 1st day. The inflammation of liver followed by its impairment produced by industrial emulsifiers is discussed as a cause of these metabolic changes. PMID- 6789314 TI - Effect of chloro-N-desmethyldiazepam on serum and brain tryptophan and serotonin in relation to the activity of central serotonergic neurons. AB - Chloro-N-desmethyldiazepam (CDD) significantly reduced plasma tryptophan (TRY) and increased brain TRY in mice and rats. Quipazine did not change TRY levels in mouse plasma and brain but it respectively reduced and increased these two parameters in rats, to almost the same extent as CDD. Metergoline, an antagonist of serotonergic receptors, decreased blood TRY in both mice and rats but failed to change brain TRY. CDD significantly but slightly increased brain serotonin in rats. This effect was blocked by metergoline. PMID- 6789316 TI - [Some thoughts about myocardial protection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789315 TI - [Results of needle-biopsy of the pleura (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of needle-biopsy of the pleura started with the Vim-Silvermann needle (often inadequate) and has now spread generally with the greater use of the Harefield-Abrams needle. The overall percentagetrue positive results (tuberculosis, cancer) has, over time, slowly fallen, because of the fall in the number of tuberculous cases and an increase in biopsies with insufficient material (T 1 1964 : 45%, T 2 1979 : 26,5%). In our third study (T 3), we studied in 150 cases selected at random out of the 628 cases studied in T 2. We compared our percentage true positive results with those obtained in T1 (number of biopsies positive for tuberculosis (TB) or cancer (CA) compared with the number of patients suffering from tuberculosis or cancer]. These figures, for percentage true positive results, was 90% for TB 62% for cancer in T 1, and fell to 87% for TB and 53% for cancer in T 3. There were no false positive results. The diagnosis of tuberculosis can, in general, be made with a single biopsy. Diagnosis of cancer requires repeated biopsies. Association of cytology increased the results to 70% (T 1 and T 3). Looking for the tuberculous bacillus from the biopsy material was rewarded in 33 % (T 3). Histological diagnoses of non-specific conditions was possible in 30 % of biopsies, which gave true non-specific results. The technical reliability in T 1 (95% with 4 individuals who carried out the biopsies) fell to 85% in T 3 (57 individuals). This fall was studied and could be explained by: 1) insufficiently repeated biopsies; 2) too great a number of individuals carrying out the biopsies (T 3 : 51 inexperienced individuals out of 57), with numerous cases of insufficient material; 3) the ratio "useful fragments/total fragments", was far too low. This relationship between useful fragments and total fragments is statistically (p less than 0.05) correlated with the experience of the doctor carrying out the procedure. The optimal number of fragments per biopsy is between 2 and 3 : a number greater than this does not improve the results. The later degradation in the diagnostic value of the biopsy by the histologist should be examined : the biopsy should be carried out by an experienced individual, and the biopsy should be read by an experienced histologist. The histologist should be exigent in his requirements, from the doctor carrying out the biopsy, and he should examine all the material brought up in the biopsy. PMID- 6789317 TI - Isolation and characterization of lipid-protein complexes present in commercial albumin preparations. AB - Most commercially available albumin preparations examined by us contain phospholipids, cholesterol and apolipoprotein impurities. As these albumin preparations are frequently used in large amounts in systems involving lipoprotein metabolism these impurities may reach remarkable levels to introduce exogenous effects in these studies. We have studied in detail tow bovine albumin preparations differing in their content of these contaminants. Using preparative ultracentrifugation, we have isolated from both albumins a lipid protein complex at a buoyant density of d = 1.063-1.21 g/ml with a chemical composition resembling plasma high density lipoproteins. This complex when further characterized proved also to have a similar apoprotein composition to bovine plasma high density lipoproteins. Electron microscopic study of this complex revealed discoidal particles closely resembling nascent high density lipoproteins recovered from rat liver or lymph. The similarity of these lipid-protein complexes to high density lipoproteins, accounts for some reported effects caused by commercially available albumin preparations on cholesterol excretion from cells in tissue culture and their ability to act as acceptors for surface remnants released upon VLDL catabolism in vitro. PMID- 6789318 TI - [Immunocompetent cell makeup and properties at different times after antigenic stimulus exposure]. PMID- 6789319 TI - [Parenteral feeding in the surgical treatment of disseminated and complicated respiratory organ tuberculosis]. PMID- 6789320 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster: relationship of intervening sequences to functional domains in the protein. AB - The gene that codes for Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase EC 1.1.1.1) was identified in a bacteriophage lambda library of genomic Drosophila DNA by using ADH cDNA cloned DNA as a probe. The DNA sequence of the protein encoding region was shown to be in agreement with the amino acid sequence of the ADH. Two intervening DNA sequences (introns) were identified within the protein encoding region: one was 65 nucleotides and located between the codons for amino acid residues 32 and 33, and one was 70 nucleotides and located between the codons for amino acid residues 167 and 168. Both contained the 5' G-T and 3' A-G dinucleotides characteristic of intron boundaries of eukaryotic genes. On the basis of secondary structure predictions, the first 140 amino acid residues of Drosophila ADH are in an alternating beta-sheet/alpha helix arrangement which is characteristic of the coenzyme binding domain of dehydrogenases. The smaller of the two introns interrupts the domain predicted to bind the adenine portion of the coenzyme. PMID- 6789321 TI - Binding of amphiphilic peptides to phospholipid/cholesterol unilamellar vesicles: a model for protein--cholesterol interaction. AB - In earlier studies, we prepared a docosapeptide, 1, designed with minimum homology as an amphiphilic alpha-helical model of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and described its lipid-binding characteristics, surface properties, and enzyme activating ability. Although the affinity of 1 for egg lecithin unilamellar vesicles was comparable with that for the binding of apo A-I, the affinity of 1 for mixed lecithin/cholesterol (4:1 mol/mol) vesicles was less than that of apo A I. It appeared possible that the 3-hydroxyl group of cholesterol may have a deleterious interaction with the hydrophobic portion of the amphiphilic helix of 1 that is inserted into the vesicles. Examination of the amphiphilic alpha helical segments of apo A-I suggested that the preferential interaction of apo A I with the mixed vesicles might be due to the presence of polar arginine residues in the otherwise hydrophobic regions of two of the helices. Therefore, we synthesized a model docosapeptide, 2, corresponding to the sequence of 1 but containing arginine rather than leucine at position 10 in the hydrophobic region of the alpha helix to assess the role of the alcohol function of cholesterol in protein--cholesterol interactions. The results of studies on the binding of 2 to unilamellar vesicles containing lecithin only, lecithin/cholesterol, lecithin/cholesterol hemisuccinate, or lecithin/cholesterol methyl ether were consistent with the postulate that the major role of cholesterol in the binding of proteins to phospholipid surfaces is the creation of free space between the phospholipid head groups that can accommodate the amphiphilic peptide chains at the interface. PMID- 6789322 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to nucleic acid-containing cellular constituents: probes for molecular biology and autoimmune disease. AB - Mice of the strain MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr develop a lupus erythematosus-like syndrome that includes the production of autoantibodies specific for nucleic acid containing cellular components. We have fused spleen cells from such a mouse with the myeloma SP 2/0 and examined the antibodies produced by the resultant cloned hybrid cell lines by using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence techniques. Three types of monoclonal antibodies, specific for Sm, DNA, or rRNA, all antigens to which patients who have lupus make antibodies, have been identified. Patient anti-Sm antibody had previously been reported to precipitate five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins that contain U-1, U-2, U-4, U-5, and U-6 RNAs. The monoclonal anti-Sm antibody gives the same immunoprecipitation pattern, providing direct evidence that the Sm antigen resides on all these RNA-protein complexes. Monoclonal anti-Sm antibody will be valuable in deciphering the biological function of these ubiquitous small nuclear RNPs. A simple competition radioimmunoassay using the monoclonal anti-Sm antibody to titer patient sera is also presented. Uses of monoclonal antibodies for the study of autoimmune disease are discussed. PMID- 6789323 TI - Erythrosomes: large proteoliposomes derived from crosslinked human erythrocyte cytoskeletons and exogenous lipid. AB - Large (3-micrometers diameter) mechanically stable proteoliposomes (erythrosomes) were prepared in good yield by coating crosslinked erythrocyte cytoskeletons with phosphatidylcholine. The erythrosomes consist of the polypeptides designated band 1, 2, 3, 4.1 + 4.2, and 5 (less than 4% of the endogenous lipid) and enough added lipid to form a bilayer coating the surface. Electron microscopy shows only the large proteoliposomes in sealed preparations. The trapping of bovine serum albumin, mannitol, sucrose, glucose, cytosine arabinoside, and sodium in the erythrosomes was demonstrated, yielding an apparent volume of up to 100 liters/mol of phospholipid. This preparation possesses an effective diffusion barrier to glucose, sucrose, and sodium ion with half-equilibration times of 34, 29, and 170 hr, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that erythrosomes may be useful for membrane transport protein reconstitution and encapsulation systems. PMID- 6789324 TI - Identification of hypusine, an unusual amino acid, in a protein from human lymphocytes and of spermidine as its biosynthetic precursor. AB - When normal human peripheral lymphocytes are treated with mitogen and grown in the presence of [3H]putrescine or [terminal methylenes-3H]spermidine, label is incorporated predominantly into one cellular protein. The radioactive constituent of this protein was identified as the unusual amino acid hypusine [N epsilon-(4 amino-2-hydroxybutyl)lysine]. This was accomplished by isolation of the component from proteolytic digests or acid hydrolysates and comparison with authentic hypusine by chromatography, conversion to the 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivative, and oxidative degradation. The observed relationships among intracellular levels of labeled putrescine, polyamines, and protein bound hypusine after growth of cells with the various labeled amines and with or without an inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis supply evidence that spermidine is the immediate amine precursor of hypusine and that the 4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl portion of hypusine derives from the butylamine moiety of spermidine. PMID- 6789325 TI - Anti-Rho(D) IgG binds to band 3 glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane. AB - Alkali-extracted erythrocyte ghost membranes from Rho(D)-positive and Rho(D) negative donors were incubated with human immune anti-Rho(D) IgG and nonimmune IgG. After sensitization with IgG, the integral membrane proteins were solubilized in Brij 36T nonionic detergent and chromatographed by gel filtration. There was a distinct resolution of IgG into free and membrane-complexed forms. The IgG-complexed membrane proteins were isolated by the use of a staphylococcal protein A affinity support. The protein A-bound complexes were examined for polypeptide composition by gel electrophoresis after elution. Only Rho(D) positive membrane proteins incubated with immune anti-Rho(D) IgG revealed intact band 3. Control Rh-negative membrane proteins that had reacted with immune anti Rho(D) IgG and the Rh-positive membranes that had reacted with nonimmune IgG showed only low molecular weight fragments of band 3 that bound nonspecifically to IgG. Arguments are presented supporting a band 3 localization for the Rh antigen. PMID- 6789326 TI - Conformational transitions in Pf3 and their implications for the structure and assembly of filamentous bacterial viruses. AB - Laser Raman and circular dichroism spectra of filamentous bacteriophage Pf3 show that its coat protein is predominantly alpha-helical, similar to the subunits of bacteriophages Pf1 and fd. Unlike Pf1 and fd, however, the subunits of Pf3 are converted to beta-sheet structures by raising the temperature, the transition temperature depending upon phage and NaCl concentrations. On cooling, the beta structure reverts to an alpha structure the same as or similar to the native structure. On further heating it converts irreversibly to a second alpha-helical form different from the original one. The spectra also show that aromatic amino acid residues of Pf3 undergo dramatic changes in molecular environment during the alpha leads to beta transition. Similar transitions are observed to take place in the filamentous bacteriophage Xf. PMID- 6789327 TI - Interaction of alpha-actinin and vinculin with actin: opposite effects on filament network formation. AB - The interaction of actin filaments with two actin-associated proteins, alpha actinin and vinculin (Mr 130,000 protein), was studied in vitro with viscometry and light and electron microscopy. Vinculin, like alpha-actinin, binds to F actin, and the two proteins were found to have different effects on the formation of filament networks: alpha-actinin crosslinks individual filaments in a manner strongly dependent on temperature and acts as a spacer, whereas vinculin forms actin bundles that display a paracrystalline substructure. In viscometric assays, alpha-actinin mimics the effect of actin gelation factors, whereas vinculin acts as a gelation inhibitor. These findings imply complementary functions of these proteins in the regulation of cellular mobility. PMID- 6789328 TI - Structural analysis of an electrophoretically cryptic alcohol dehydrogenase variant from an Australian population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The existence of geographically widespread clines in genetic polymorphisms is persuasive evidence that the distribution of such genetic variance is determined by natural selection. However, when comparing clines it is important to be certain that identical structural genes are involved. We report a structural difference (proline-214 to serine) between the product of AdhF and an electrophoretically cryptic heat-stable variant isolated from an Australian natural population, ADH-FCh.D. ("fast" Chateau Douglas). The biochemical properties of this new variant must be taken into consideration when attempting to formulate a causal explanation of the maintenance of the three identified Adh alleles. Our data also show that the products of an AdhF and an AdhS allele in Drosophila melanogaster in an Australian population are identical over 70% of their amino acid sequences with their North American counterparts. PMID- 6789329 TI - Spontaneous tandem genetic duplications in Salmonella typhimurium arise by unequal recombination between rRNA (rrn) cistrons. AB - A method is described to detect and measure the frequency of spontaneous tandem genetic duplications located throughout the Salmonella genome. The method is based on the ability of duplication-containing strains to inherit two selectable alleles of a single gene during generalized transductional crosses. One allele of the gene carries an insertion of the translocatable tetracycline-resistance element Tn10; the other allele is a wild-type copy of that gene. Using this technique, we have measured the frequency of tandem duplications at 38 chromosomal sites and the amount of material included in 199 independent duplications. These results suggest that, in one region of the chromosome, tandem duplications are particularly frequent events. Such duplications have end points within rRNA (rrn) cistrons and probably arise by unequal cross-over between these dispersed repeated sequences. Spontaneously duplications of this type are harbored by as much as 3% of the bacterial population. Preliminary evidence suggests that such duplications may play a significant regulatory role under conditions of rapid growth. Our analysis has suggested the position on the genome of an additional rRNA cistron. PMID- 6789330 TI - Hybridoma-derived antibody with immunodiagnostic potential for schistosomiasis japonica. AB - A murine hybridoma-derived antibody (IPH.134) has been produced which has apparent high binding specificity for an extract of Schistosoma japonicum adult worms. No binding was detected to extracts of S. japonicum eggs or to extracts from other adult trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, Paragonimus westermanii, Clonorchis sinensis, and Schistosoma mansoni) and several other helminths and protozoa. When sera from two series of S. japonicum-infected Philippine patients (19 and 20 patients, respectively) were tested for inhibition of binding of 125I labeled IPH.134 to S. japonicum adult worm antigen, a low (10%) false-negative rate was obtained. In the 19-patient series, the 4 patients with highest fecal egg counts had high inhibitory activity in their sera. In the 20-patient series, the 3 patients with prominent disease had high inhibitory activity in their sera. Evidence was obtained that IgG anti-S. japonicum antibodies (rather than circulating antigens, immune complexes, or anti-idiotypic antibodies) were most likely to be responsible for serum inhibitory activity in the test. No false positive reactions have been obtained with pooled or individual sera from patients infected with numerous parasites other than S. japonicum, although no information is yet available on the inhibitory activities of sera fro S. mansoni- or S. hematobium-infected individuals. On the basis of the data obtained to date, it is a reasonable prediction that the molecule or determinant to which this hybridoma antibody is directed will be a useful immunodiagnostic antigen for schistosomiasis japonica in the Philippines. A test based on detection of serum antibodies to this antigen should have high specificity and may provide additional information on the level of infection or disease status in patients. PMID- 6789332 TI - Clinical applications of the radioimmunoassay of secretory tuberculoprotein. AB - A radioimmunoassay that measures a specific secretory tuberculoprotein was used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 9 of 30 liquid cultures of sputum. The accumulation of immunoreactive material in liquid cultures containing isoniazid was shown to reflect in vitro susceptibility of mycobacteria to the antibiotic effects of the drug. PMID- 6789331 TI - A spectrum of monoclonal antibodies reactive with human mammary tumor cells. AB - Splenic lymphocytes of mice, immunized with membrane-enriched fractions of metastatic human mammary carcinoma tissues, were fused with the NS-1 non immunoglobulin-secreting murine myeloma cell line. This resulted in the generation of hybridoma cultures secreting immunoglobulins reactive in solid phase radioimmunoassays with extracts of metastatic mammary carcinoma cells from involved livers, but not with extracts of apparently normal human liver. As a result of further screening of immunoglobulin reactivities and double cloning of cultures, 11 monoclonal antibodies were chosen that demonstrated reactivities with human mammary tumor cells and not with apparently normal human tissues. These monoclonal antibodies could be placed into at least five major groups on the basis of their differential binding to the surface of various live human mammary tumor cells in culture, to extracts of mammary tumor tissues, or to tissue sections of mammary tumor cells studied by the immunoperoxidase technique. Whereas a spectrum of reactivities to mammary tumors was observed with the 11 monoclonal antibodies, no reactivity was observed to apparently normal cells of the following human tissues: breast, lymph node, lung, skin, testis, kidney, thymus, bone marrow, spleen, uterus, thyroid, intestine, liver, bladder, tonsils, stomach, prostate, and salivary gland. Several of the antibodies also demonstrated a "pancarcinoma" reactivity, showing binding to selected non-breast carcinomas. None of the monoclonal antibodies showed binding to purified ferritin or carcinoembryonic antigen. Monoclonal antibodies of all five major groups, however, demonstrated binding to human metastatic mammary carcinoma cells both in axillary lymph nodes and at distal sites. PMID- 6789334 TI - Von Willebrand syndrome induced by a Bothrops venom factor: bioassay for venom coagglutinin. AB - Hereditary deficiency of the macromolecular Factor VIII complex results in classic von Willebrand disease in man and animals, a bleeder state characterized by loss of the multiple biologic activities associated with the Factor VIII complex, including the platelet-aggregating von Willebrand factor. The bleeding time is also long. Venom coagglutinin, a Bothrops factor that causes platelet aggregation in vitro, depletes the plasma of its von Willebrand factor. The rate of platelet aggregation is a function of the amount of the coagglutinin present. Based on this observation, a sensitive and quantitative assay for the venom coagglutinin was developed. We administered the purified Bothrops factor to normal pigs and dogs and induced a von Willebrand syndrome similar to the inherited disease. The plasma von Willebrand factor was severely depleted; the antihemophilic factor and the Factor VIII-related antigen were not depleted as much. The bleeding time was normal. During the induction phase of the syndrome, transient thrombocytopenia with a long bleeding time occurred. The pig was less sensitive than the dog to the effect of coagglutinin. The severity of the syndrome is determined by the amount of venom coagglutinin administered. It is suggested that the syndrome could be induced in any mammalian species because the plasma of all mammals tested in vitro is sensitive to the venom factor. This model provides another avenue for the study of the heterogeneity of the Factor VIII complex and the pathophysiology of its components. PMID- 6789335 TI - Blood selenium levels and glutathione-peroxidase activities in university and chronic intravenous hyperalimentation subjects. PMID- 6789336 TI - Acute toxicity of 7,12-dimethyl(a)benzanthracene. PMID- 6789333 TI - Deposition of plasma fibronectin in tissues. AB - Tissue distribution of human fibronectin injected intravenously into mice was studied by using immunofluorescence with species-specific antisera to human and mouse fibronectins. Human fibronectin was detected in the tissues of mice injected with human fibronectin. The distribution of the injected fibronectin was indistinguishable from that of mouse fibronectin. The staining for human fibronectin in the livers of injected mice was unaffected by perfusion of the livers prior to the preparation of tissue sections, and human IgG injected in mice as a control was not detectable in tissues by immunofluorescence. Mice were also injected with fragments of fibronectin with molecular weights close to 200,000. These fragments lack parts of the NH2 and COOH termini of the fibronectin polypeptide, including the part with the interchain disulfide bond(s), but retain the ability to bind to collagen and heparin and the ability to mediate cell attachment. They showed essentially no tissue incorporation, suggesting that the integrity of the fibronectin molecule is important for the accumulation of fibronectin in tissues. The incorporation of injected fibronectin into tissues demonstrated here suggests that circulating fibronectin contributes to the extracellular matrix of tissues. PMID- 6789337 TI - Isolation and characterization of a sex dependent and neonatally imprinted form(s) of hepatic cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6789338 TI - A comparison of the pharmacological properties of TRH and MK-771. PMID- 6789339 TI - Cardiovascular and behavior changes after ICV infusion of TRH in the conscious goat. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone was infused during 5 min into the lateral brain ventricle (ICV) of conscious goats in doses ranging from 125 to 4000 ng. Changes in blood pressure, heart rate and behavior were studied. TRH in doses of 500- 4000 ng raised the mean blood pressure and both the magnitude and the duration of the response was related to the dose. The onset of the rise occurred in average 8 min after the start of the infusion. The heart rate fell somewhat with all doses. No consistent changes were observed in the respiration rate. TRH caused several behavioral changes beginning about 6 min after the start of infusion. The goats often decreased their locomotor activity. They were frequently bleating except after the lowest dose. These results support the view that TRH affects several vital functions in the central nervous system. PMID- 6789340 TI - [Effects of phenobarbital on the elimination of valproic acid]. PMID- 6789341 TI - An overview of toxin-receptor interactions. PMID- 6789343 TI - Muon dose distribution from a decaying pencil beam of pions. AB - Increased interest in the use of negative pion beams for radiotherapy has led to a requirement for accurate knowledge of the extent and effect of beam contamination. Contaminating muons from the decay of pions upstream of the irradiation position cannot be easily identified by time-of-flight or range measurement techniques. A calculation of the stopping and dose distributions of these muons was performed. A monoenergetic pencil beam of 180 MeV/c pions, normally incident onto a semi-infinite water slab, was assumed to decay into muons over the one metre distance upstream of the water and in the water. Dose from the subsequent decay of muons to electrons was included. Contour maps of the stopping and dose distributions are presented as well as the stopping and depth dose distributions for an infinite beam. The calculation clearly illustrates that muons from the decay of monoenergetic pions do not have a unique momentum and range, but rather include a wide spectrum of ranges and momenta. Since a muon dose contribution of 16% has been calculated at a depth of 8 cm, these muons could result in unexpected nonuniformities in dose in a clinical pion irradiation if they are ignored in pion treatment planning. PMID- 6789342 TI - Effects of antidepressant treatment with clomipramine on hormonal responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and insulin-induced hypoglycemia: implications for the "monoamine-hypothesis". AB - Neuroendocrine test were carried out to study effects of clomipramine treatment in 24 unipolar depressed women. Clomipramine (50-150 mg/day) increased the response of prolactin and thyrotropin to stimulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), while no response of growth hormone (HGH) to TRH was seen. Clomipramine decreased the response of HGH to insulin, while the responses of prolactin and cortisol to insulin were not affected. The findings suggest that the neuroendocrine and antidepressant effects of clomipramine cannot be accounted for entirely on the basis of monoaminergic mechanisms. PMID- 6789345 TI - An adjustable collimator for neutron therapy. PMID- 6789344 TI - Neutron spectra and neutron kerma derived from activation and fission detector measurements in a d+T neutron therapy beam. AB - Neutron spectra at different positions in a phantom have been derived from activation foil and fission counter measurements for the collimated beam of the Amsterdam d+T fast-neutron therapy facility. The spectra show that the fraction of lower-energy neutrons increases with increasing depth in the phantom as well as with increasing distance from the central axis of the beam. Calculation of the ratios of kerma values in tissue and tissue-equivalent (TE) plastic and of WN values for the spectra at five positions in the phantom, showed that the variations in these quantities are less than 0.5%. Kerma values have been derived from the neutron spectra and from the fission counter measurements separately. These neutron kerma values were compared with the neutron absorbed dose values derived from combined TE ionisation chamber and GM counter measurements. The dose values have been obtained applying recommendations given in the European protocol for neutron dosimetry for external beam therapy. At 50 mm and 100 mm depth along the central axis of the beam in the phantom, the agreement between the three methods was within 2%. In the penumbra regions a maximum difference of about 7% has been observed between the three methods. The contribution from thermal neutrons to the total kerma is less than 1% in the beam as well as in the penumbra. PMID- 6789346 TI - Protein enhanced inactivation of viral DNA by UV radiation. PMID- 6789347 TI - [Relationship between automatically analyzed quantitative EEG data and psychological performance parameters in patients with epilepsy]. AB - A report is given on results of comprehensive studies in which significant positive correlations between automatically analysed parameters reflecting the frequency behaviour of the EEG background activity and psychometrically recorded relatively complex psychic and psychomotoric tempo performances as well as some partial aspects of the re-adjustment capability in epileptics were found. EEG indicator values could be ascertained which point to psychic performance disturbances in epileptics. PMID- 6789348 TI - Effects of alcohol on the despair response to peer separation in rhesus monkeys. AB - In humans, alcoholism and depression are often interrelated. This study examines the effects of alcohol on peer separation-induced despair in rhesus monkeys, a proposed nonhuman primate model of depression. Alcohol, at three different dose levels, or placebo was administered to rhesus monkeys undergoing repeated peer separation. Low-dose alcohol (1 g/kg/day) decreased separation-induced despair, whereas high-dose alcohol (3 g/kg/day) exacerbated the despair response as compared to placebo. This biphasic effect of alcohol on the despair response may be analogous to similar effects of alcohol on depression in humans. PMID- 6789349 TI - Amphetamine-, scopolamine- and caffeine-induced locomotor activity following 6 hydroxydopamine lesions of the mesolimbic dopamine system. AB - As previously reported, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to the region of the nucleus accumbens blocked the locomotor activation induced by low doses of d amphetamine, and produced a supersensitive locomotor response to the dopamine (DA) agonist, apomorphine. This same lesion, however, failed to block the locomotor activation induced by scopolamine or caffeine. These results suggest that scopolamine and caffeine activate locomotion in the rat by acting independently of presynaptic terminals in the mesolimbic DA system. PMID- 6789350 TI - Effects of diazepam on operant behavior in man. AB - The effects of diazepam (10 mg orally) on the responding of normal human volunteers was studied in a procedure that involved the maintenance of operant behavior by monetary reinforcement and its suppression by monetary loss (punishment). Diazepam produced an antipunishment effect as shown by an increase in behavior suppressed by monetary loss. An analogy to animal procedures that selectively detect antianxiety drugs is apparent. PMID- 6789352 TI - Amphetamine enhancement of reward asymmetry. AB - Rats with bilaterally implanted lateral hypothalamic electrodes were tested daily for self-stimulation to each side of the brain; rotation (circling behavior) was recorded concomitantly. All rats rotated in a perferred direction regardless of the side of the brain stimulated and all rats had asymmetries in self-stimulation sensitivity (threshold and rate-intensity functions) related to the direction of rotation. Amphetamine both enhanced rotation and potentiated the asymmetry in self-stimulation sensitivity. Subsequently rats were tested in a choice procedure providing concurrent access to rewarding stimulation of either side of the brain; currents were titrated such that, under baseline conditions, rats continually alternated between self-stimulating one side of the brain or the other. Amphetamine induced a robust preference for stimulation to the more sensitive side of the brain (the side having a lower threshold). The results are discussed in relation to mechanisms of drug reinforcement and to biological etiologies of schizophrenia. It is proposed that schizophrenia results from a lateralized overactivity of dopaminergic neuronal systems mediating reward and that amphetamine mimics schizophrenic symptomatology by enhancing lateralization of the same systems. PMID- 6789351 TI - Amphetamine withdrawal: effects on threshold of intracranial reinforcement. AB - In order to determine whether alterations in sensitivity to rewarding stimuli accompany the biochemical and behavioral changes induced by chronic amphetamine treatment and withdrawal, we explored the effects of chronic administration and withdrawal of d-amphetamine on thresholds of intracranial reinforcement in the rat. Rats were injected with d-amphetamine sulfate according to a chronic, escalating dose schedule. Marked decreases in threshold of intracranial reinforcement were observed immediately (0--1 h) following the last injection of d-amphetamine. In contrast, all animals showed marked increases in thresholds of intracranial reinforcement 24-48 h after the last injection of d-amphetamine. These findings were discussed in relation to amphetamine-induced and naturally occurring depressions in man. PMID- 6789353 TI - Activity of a non-hallucinogenic ergoline derivative, lisuride, in an animal behavior model for hallucinogens. AB - The behavioral effects of IP administration of lisuride, a non-hallucinogenic iso lysergic acid amide analog structurally related to d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), were examined in 15 cats. Ten animals were given saline or 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 micrograms/kg of lisuride and observed for 1 h by a rater blind to dose. There was a statistically significant effect of lisuride dose on the frequency of occurrence of the behaviors limb flicking, grooming, and abortive grooming. A time-course study with five cats at the most effective lisuride dose, 50 micrograms/kg, revealed that the frequencies of occurrence of these behaviors reached a maximum during the first 2 h post dose, and were comparable to frequencies after saline by 6 h post dose. An acute tolerance study with four cats scored for 90 min post dose revealed no significant tolerance to a 50 micrograms/kg lisuride test dose administered 6, 24, or 72 h after an initial 50 micrograms/kg dose. Acute cross tolerance studies with four cats scored for 90 min after an initial dose of 50 micrograms/kg of LSD or of lisuride, followed 24 h later by 50 micrograms/kg of lisuride or LSD, revealed no significant cross tolerance. The potency of lisuride relative to LSD was evaluated in six cats that were scored for 60 min following 25 and 50 micrograms/kg of LSD and of lisuride. On a molar basis, scores after lisuride were 51% and 67% those after LSD for limb flicking and grooming. These results indicate that lisuride, a non-hallucinogenic iso-lysergic acid derivative, is a false positive in the animal behavior model for hallucinogens. PMID- 6789354 TI - Dose-related effects of flurazepam on human sleep-walking patterns. AB - Two consecutive nights of flurazepam at each of 15, 26, and 45 mg were compared to placebo in a Latin-square double-blind crossover design using 24 healthy young adult males. Flurazepam had significant hypnotic effects on objective and subjective measures of efficacy: shorter sleep latency, longer sleep time, and fewer awakenings. It also induced morning sedation along with decrements in cognitive performance. Flurazepam had dose-related impacts on both human and computer-scored EEG-EOG parameters: less stages 3 + 4 and decreased EEG delta, less stage 1 REM and decreased REM density, more stage 2 and increased EEG spindling. Also, EEG alpha and movement artifact were decreased and EEG beta was increased. Only a few of the EEG-EOG variables and none of the subjective indices had cumulative changes on the two drug nights. Stage shifting was unaffected at the two lower doses on the first night but decreased at all three dose levels on the second night; percent stages 3 + 4 was unaffected on the first night but decreased at all dose levels on the second night. The rate of delta waveform activity was also diminished by a greater amount on the second night. This study conclusively established that flurazepam affects the EEG-EOG architecture of sleep on each of the first two nights of administration. PMID- 6789355 TI - Psychomotor performance and real driving performance of outpatients receiving diazepam. AB - The primary aim of this study was to compare task performance in a laboratory test and real driving performance of outpatients receiving diazepam medication with those of control subjects. Plasma and saliva samples were taken to investigate a level-response relationship. Real driving performance was measured by trained observers. The design of the laboratory test was based on a vigilance task (high attention) directly followed by a simple eye-hand coordination tasks (low attention). Twenty-two males participated in the study. Diazepam was given orally by prescription, mostly as a maintenance dose of 5 mg three times a day. Patients receiving diazepam showed impaired performance in the driving test and the low-attention task. Furthermore, the results indicate no relationship between plasma or saliva levels of diazepam and/or its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam and real driving performance and/or laboratory task performance. PMID- 6789356 TI - Use of simple tasks to test for impairment of complex skills by a sedative. AB - Examination of the effect of three doses of pentobarbital on the comparative performance of a complex psychomotor task with two simple neuromotor tasks, i. e., standing steady and pendulum eye tracking, revealed a high correlation. These simple tasks could be used as measures of intoxication since they do not require extensive training. Examination of the complex task impairment blood level ratio revealed that impairment relative to blood level was much greater in the absorption phase. This changing ratio underscores the point that blood levels alone are not an adequate estimate of intoxication. PMID- 6789357 TI - Effect of a drug holiday on plasma chlorpromazine levels in chronic schizophrenic patients. AB - Low chloropromazine (CPZ) levels have been measured in chronically treated schizophrenics. We tested six such patients to determine whether a 2-week CPZ free period (drug holiday) would improve plasma CPZ levels. We also monitored psychiatric symptoms, autonomic function, and extrapyramidal signs. We found these patients to have low predose CPZ levels that did not change appreciably after the drug holiday. Peak levels following the holiday averaged 28 +/- 7 ng/ml higher than those measured prior to the holiday. Drug holidays are safe and should be examined more thoroughly as a means of improving plasma neuroleptic levels in chronically treated schizophrenics. PMID- 6789358 TI - Reserpine and alpha-methyldopa in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Thirty inpatients with evidence of tardive dyskinesia secondary to antipsychotic medications participated in this double-blind, controlled, randomized study comparing reserpine, alpha-methyldopa and placebo. Reserpine at doses of 0.75- 1.5 mg daily, or alpha-methyldopa at doses of 750--1,500 mg daily, produced a statistically significant improvement in tardive dyskinesia symptomatology compared to the results obtained with placebo. PMID- 6789359 TI - Inter-animal olfactory cues in operant drug discrimination procedures in rats. AB - Olfactory cues from prior subjects in operant chambers were shown to be an effective stimulus which rodents could use to direct lever selection in a typical operant drug discrimination (DD) paradigm. Such cues persisted for very long periods of time (16 h), and were deposited after very short (5 min) operant sessions. In extinction tests inter-animal olfactory cues exerted very strong stimulus control over lever selection. Furthermore, such cues were not specific to individual rodent subjects but were generalizable between subjects. Inter animal cues directing level selection could be abolished by cleaning operant manipulanda with a 10% alcohol solution. Reanalysis of some DD data previously reported by one of the authors (Goudie 1977) indicated that this specific earlier study (and by implication perhaps other studies) might have been confounded by inter-animal cues. In a DD study with nicotine it was found that the drug cue was antagonized by mecamylamine for all subjects except those who had a reliable olfactory cue from prior subjects to direct lever selection (subjects who possessed both an olfactory and a drug cue to direct lever selection responded in a way suggesting that the exteroceptive olfactory cue controlled behaviour rather than the interoceptive drug cue). These findings indicate that inter-animal olfactory cues could be of considerable methodological significance in DD studies. The possible significance of such cues has not previously been reported upon in detail, and in reports of many DD studies there do not appear to be explicit indications that inter-animal cues have been adequately controlled. PMID- 6789361 TI - Benzodiazepine overdosage: plasma concentrations and clinical outcome. AB - Plasma concentrations and their relation to clinical outcome were evaluated in 21 patients who reached emergency treatment facilities following acute overdosage with benzodiazepine derivatives. Diazepam was implicated in 18 of the 21 cases, with plasma diazepam levels ranging from 585-8,635 ng/ml. In four cases of overdosage with diazepam alone, patients were minimally sedated and were discharged within 24 h, despite diazepam doses as high as 750 mg and plasma levels as high as 4,792 ng/ml. However, concurrent ingestion of diazepam together with other central depressant drugs (such as ethanol, barbiturates, analgesics, or tricyclic antidepressants) produced serious intoxication in 5 of the remaining 14 patients, regardless of the diazepam dosage or plasma concentration. Thus the severity of poisoning following benzodiazepine overdosage is determined largely by co-ingestion of other central depressants rather than the amount of benzodiazepine ingested or its concentration in plasma. PMID- 6789360 TI - The stimulus properties of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. AB - Fourteen rats were trained to discriminate the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (sodium salt, 200 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Intermediate responding, i.e., responding not fully appropriate for either training condition was observed in tests following morphine, lysergic acid diethylamide, chlordiazepoxide, and the presumed GABA-mimetics muscimol, gamma-butyrolactone, baclofen, and 3 aminopropane sulfonic acid. Naloxone blocked the intermediate results following morphine, but had no effect on GBH-induced stimulus control. The GABA antagonist bicuculline partially blocked GHB, but pizotyline, phentolamine, and butaclamol were without effect. It is concluded that the compound stimulus produced by GHB is most closely associated with GABAergic systems, but that minor opiate and serotonergic components are present as well. PMID- 6789363 TI - Modification of novelty preferences in rats by current and prior treatment with scopolamine and methylscopolamine. AB - Two experimental paradigms were adopted to compare effects of scopolamine and its quaternary derivative, methylscopolamine, on the behaviour of albino rats in an exploration box comprising novel and familiar halves. Subjects tested with the first paradigm were exposed to one of the halves, injected and then observed 20 min later. Although both drugs reduced preferences for the previously inaccessible novel half, only scopolamine decreased rearing and increased ambulation. With the second paradigm, behaviour was assessed without any current drug influence. On the 2 days prior to testing the rats had been exposed to one half of the apparatus while drugged. Prior treatment with both scopolamine and methylscopolamine reduced novelty preference to the extent that the familiar half of the apparatus was preferred. Both drugs also reduced rearing (for females only) and ambulation. It was concluded that the results with both paradigms provided some support for the view that reductions in novelty preference by anticholinergic drugs arise from their aversive peripheral actions. PMID- 6789362 TI - Effects of chronic haloperidol treatment on ingestive behaviour and body weight regulation in the rat. AB - This study was designed to investigate the effects of two doses of haloperidol on body weight, food spillage and food and water intake using rats as subjects. In the first experiment, 12 male Wistar albino rats were observed in individual cages for 30 days, six receiving a daily injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg IP in 1 ml/kg isotonic saline), while the other six received a control injection of isotonic saline in the experimental phase. In the second experiment, 12 rats were observed for 9 days in individual cages, six receiving a daily injection of 10 mg/kg haloperidol in 4 ml/kg isotonic saline in the experimental phase. In both studies, haloperidol depressed food intake and food spillage. With the lower dose of haloperidol (1 mg/kg), body weight was not depressed until several days after a significant reduction of food intake had been recorded. With the higher dose (10 mg/kg), body weight was depressed during the first 24 h, but quickly returned to normal, although food intake remained depressed. It is suggested that haloperidol may have a limited facilitatory effect on body weight. PMID- 6789366 TI - Cageing density and dopamine striatal elimination after amphetamine in the rat. AB - d-Amphetamine was injected into isolated and aggregated rats at a dose of 4 mg/kg. Treatment of individually caged rats led to no difference in striatal dopamine elimination compared to controls. Aggregation of animals, however, resulted in an increased striatal elimination of dopamine. PMID- 6789364 TI - Effects of naloxone on the self-stimulation behavior of the postero-lateral area of the hypothalamus in rats--influence of procedural conditions. AB - Rats exhibiting self-stimulation behavior through chronic electrodes implanted in the posterolateral part of the hypothalamus were subcutaneously injected with low doses (0.003-0.3 mg/kg) of naloxone. The animals were allowed to self-regulate the duration of rewarding brain stimulation. It was found that naloxone increases the duration of self-stimulation in rats in which the brain stimulation has previously been associated with footshock. Vehicle injections or injections of naloxone in rats that had not received footshock prior to testing, did not modify self-stimulation behavior. It is suggested that naloxone may facilitate an aversive central component of the brain stimulation; the conditioned rats therefore increased the duration of brain stimulation to compensate for this negative process. PMID- 6789365 TI - Effects of 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of locus coeruleus on startle in rats. AB - To examine the possible involvement of the norepinephrine (NE) containing neurons of the locus coeruleus in the modulation of behavioral reactivity to sensory stimulation, bilateral chemical lesions of the locus coeruleus were made by local injection of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine. Both histochemical and biochemical analyses confirmed the effectiveness of the lesions in specifically eliminating the NE containing cell bodies of the locus coeruleus and reducing the NE content of the hippocampus and substantia nigra by 45% and 69% respectively. Rats were tested both 5 and 36 days after lesioning for their startle response to a repetitive series of tactile stimuli. On both days, locus coeruleus lesioned rats exhibited consistently reduced startle responses throughout the stimulus series. Additionally, lesioned rats showed a far more rapid rate of response habituation, particularly in the first test. The results are discussed in terms of a possible influence of the locus coeruleus on the process of sensitization to sensory stimuli. PMID- 6789367 TI - Factors that differentiate smokers from exsmokers in a Florida metropolitan area. AB - Since many communities have limited resources to devote to public health programs, and since smoking is a proved health hazard, it is important to know which factors are associated with people who successfully quit smoking, as well as to identify those subpopulations at greatest risk of continuing to smoke. A large sample survey of households in a metropolitan Florida county revealed that those who had quit smoking for at least a year tended to be married, more educated, early retirees, middle income, light or heavy (but not moderate) smokers, or older than 64 years. Nonwhite men, as a group, were found to have a high smoking rate and a low cessation rate. Other high-risk categories were persons 20--49 who were either not married or whose household incomes were less than $10,000 annually. The authors recommend that smoking cessation programs focusing on cost effectiveness gear their efforts toward the types of persons found to be more successful at quitting. Programs based on cost-benefit analysis, on the other hand, should target their efforts on the high-risk groups in the population. PMID- 6789368 TI - Chemical effects of iodine-125 decay in aqueous solution of 5-iodouracil. Ring fragmentation as a consequence of the Auger effect. PMID- 6789369 TI - The behaviour of pituitary gonadotropins and estrogens in blood serum of gamma Ra 226 irradiated patients. PMID- 6789370 TI - [Computed tomography of the mediastinum (author's transl)]. AB - In a review study, the diagnostic possibilities of modern CT apparatus with scanning times of some seconds were demonstrated. The two main advantages-1) imaging of axial body sections without superimposition and 2) the high resolution of tissue densities-guarantee on the one hand possibility of diagnosis and three dimensional localization of tumors not afforded by conventional radiographic methods, and on the other hand definite qualitative analysis of different disease patterns. This results primarily in precise clarification of both neoplastic and inflammatory mediastinal masses, secondly provides a non-invasive route of investigation of lipomatous and vascular processes, which however still require angiography before surgery. CT appearances of important clinical disease patterns were summarized. PMID- 6789371 TI - Congenital saccular anterior urethral diverticulum. AB - Congenital saccular diverticulum is an uncommon abnormality of the anterior urethra in the male. In seven cases (6 infants and an 8-year-old boy) the diverticulum was well demonstrated by voiding cystourethrography and/or retrograde urethrography. In patients with saccular anterior urethral diverticulum, contrast material fills an oval outpouching of the ventral aspect of the anterior urethra. The clinical presentation, unique radiologic appearance, and differential diagnostic considerations are reviewed. PMID- 6789372 TI - High-dose fractionated radiation therapy for select patients with brain metastases. AB - Four patients with metastases to the brain were treated by high-dose fractionated radiation therapy. In all four cases, a complete response and prolonged disease free survival could be documented. Unlike the standard therapy for such patients (i.e., craniotomy and postoperative irradiation), high-dose fractionated radiation therapy carries no operative risk and can encompass multiple brain metastases and metastases in deep or critical intracranial sites. PMID- 6789373 TI - [Immune reactions in histochemistry]. PMID- 6789374 TI - Quantitative immunohistochemistry. AB - In general there exist two possibilities to obtain quantitatively information in immunohistochemical work: (1) Titration of an antibody of defined specificity and concentration on different antigenic substrates. (2) The measurement of the "specific signal" of the marker molecule used for the visualization of the specific fixation of antibody to the homologous antigen in histological preparations. Examples for both kinds of approach are given by recent data from quantitative immunofluorescence (IF) studies performed in this laboratory. In the second part of this talk some theoretical aspects of quantitative IF are discussed concerning the fluorescence properties of fluorescein isothiocyanate, the most widely used fluorochrome. Macrospectrofluorometric measurements revealed marked effects on the emission intensity of the composition of the embedding medium and the concentration of the dye. Furthermore, the conjugation to protein is shown to cause a considerable quenching of UV excited fluorescence, but not at excitation with visible blue (496 nm). A further critical point in quantitative IF is the illumination source. The great advantages of laser light excitation as compared to filtered light of the most widely used mercury arcs are discussed. Finally some experimental data concerning the recovery of already faded fluorescence as observed with short, repeated laser light pulses are mentioned. The practical significance of these theoretical data are stressed. PMID- 6789375 TI - [Biochemistry of antibody production (author's transl)]. AB - A review is given about some biochemical problems in the biosynthesis of immunoglobulins. The following problems are discussed: the specialty of the antibody biosynthesis in comparison to the production of other proteins, antigen binding by lymphocyte receptors, the process of the synthesis of H- and L-chains, the formation of immunoglobulin molecules and their secretion, primary and the secondary immune responses and their regulation, theories of antibodies formation and the problem of the origin of the high number of v genes. PMID- 6789376 TI - The use of lectins as probes for carbohydrates--cytochemical techniques and their application in studies on cell surface dynamics. PMID- 6789377 TI - [May lectins be considered analogues of antibodies? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789379 TI - [Inverse binding of lectin to either area of the plasmalemma of the enucleating normoblast (author's transl)]. AB - The study was concerned with properties of either area of the cell membrane of the enucleating erythroblast, i.e. the plasmalemma envelope of the nucleus under extrusion and the future membrane of the reticulocyte. The findings did not corroborate the notion of a decline of the negative surplus charge of the plasmalemmal envelope. At this area of the erythroblast membrane it was demonstrated an increased lectin binding associated with the loss of toluidine blue induced anisotropy. PMID- 6789378 TI - Electron microscopic visualization by the unlabelled lectin/antiferritin antibody/ferritin method of lectin receptors on cell surfaces. AB - For electron microscopic demonstration of carbohydrate moieties on cell surfaces of HeLa-cells the lectins from Viscum albumin, Canavalia ensiformis and Dolichos biflorus have been used. The staining experiments were performed by reaction of the cell surface receptor localized lectin with purified antiferritin-antibody followed by ferritin. The three-step reaction cell surface receptors leads to lectin leads to antiferritin antibody leads to ferritin is proposed as general method for electron microscopic localization of lectin receptors without covalent coupling. PMID- 6789380 TI - A supposed immunohistochemical differentiation between neurophysin and its putative precursor. PMID- 6789381 TI - [Immunocytochemical characterization of enteric hormones (author's transl)]. AB - As yet 16 different polypeptide have been found in the gastrointestinal tract. Definite entero-endocrine cell types classified mainly by ultrastructural features were identified--more or less reliable--as the cellular sources of certain enteric hormones. Concerning the immunocytochemical characterization of enteric hormones and the identification of entero-endocrine cells responsible for the synthesis of enteric hormones, however, several peculiarities have to be taken into consideration. These included similarities certain enteric hormones on the one hand and similarities in the ultrastructure of entero-endocrine cell type on the other as well as peculiarities with respect to immunoreactivities of entero-endocrine cells (e.g. the ability of certain entero-endocrine cell types to bind immunoglobulins unspecifically). Apart from the immunocytochemical identification of entero-endocrine cells at the ultrastructural level further investigations in this field should deal with the immunocytochemical localization of hormone precursor substances. Thus the multitude of enteric hormones and entero-endocrine cell types may be reduced to some "basic" types. Finally, investigations on enteric polypeptide hormones seem to be a wider interest in biology and medicine since some of these hormones are also located in the central and peripheral nervous system. These peptides may represent a system of chemical messengers utilized in the body as hormones, neurotransmitters and paracrine (i.e. local acting) substances. PMID- 6789382 TI - [Immunhistochemical evidence of proteohormones and enzymes in Langerhans' islets (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789383 TI - Anti-steroid antibodies and their application for immunohistochemical localization of sex hormones. PMID- 6789384 TI - A typical application of the mixed-aggregation immunocytochemical method: detection of lactic-dehydrogenase isozymes in human tissues. AB - To localize and quantify an enzyme in a tissue section, it is essential that all enzymes remains at its in vivo site and that the method of detection used is selective. These requirements can be fulfilled by using antibodies: (1) Bivalent IgG acts a bifunctional cross-linking reagent. (2) The IgG reacts only with some antigens, the specificity of which can be determined otherwise. (3) Nonreacting cytoplasmic antigens diffuse into the incubation medium, thereby reducing the background. (4) IgG in antigen-antibody complexes of sections will bind soluble antigen added to these sections in a second incubation step, since antigens have several antigenic sites, only some of which cross-link with neighbouring antigens. (5) Binding of soluble antigen is a function of the concentration of the complex in the tissue section and the soluble antigen, increasing sensitivity. (6) The newly introduced antigen can be visualized either by a chemical label at the antigen site or by its catalytic activity. The application of such a technique is demonstrated with the localization of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes in human tissue. It is discussed in the context of previously published results obtained by this technique, but with different enzymes. PMID- 6789385 TI - [Immunohistochemical detection of antibodies against smooth muscle (author's transl)]. AB - Smooth muscles antibodies are heterogeneous. Their fluorescent staining patterns and their antigens are not exactly known. The author's own experiences are based on 170 smooth muscle antibodies, which were tested by means of indirect immunofluorescence for their binding to rat stomach, liver, kidney, heart, and bovine skeletal muscle, further to human lymphocytes (only 10 cases were tested). 123 different fluorescent patterns and 21 combinations of various organs were found. Few unusual patterns were demonstrated. There was evidence that antibodies with individuum specificity exist, e.g. antibodies reacted only with the muscularis mucosae of the stomach. Possibilities of errors were discussed shortly. Smooth muscle antibodies reacting with stomach, liver, kidney (especially glomerular mesangium), and heart were more frequent in liver diseases than in non liver diseases (ratio about 4 : 1). Antibodies reacted with smooth, heart, and skeletal muscle were most anti-skeletal antibodies cross-reacted with smooth muscle. PMID- 6789386 TI - Morphological characterization of the erythrocyte membrane related to myxovirus receptors. AB - The receptor of myxoviral hemagglutinins is defined by terminal sialic acid residues of the major sialoglycoprotein (glycophorin) of the human erythrocyte membrane. A number of lectins and antibodies are suitable to specifically label this molecule. The proposed association of glycophorin with the structures revealed as intramembrane particles (IMP) on freeze-fractured membranes rests only on indirect evidence; IMP are not composed of glycophorin alone but glycophorin may be a component of them in association with other integral membrane proteins and/or lipids. Mapping experiments employing limulin, a lectin specific for sialic acids, and anti-glycophorin are described. These experiments demonstrate a lack of association of glycophorin and the IMP. PMID- 6789387 TI - [The analysis of localization and function of proteins in eukaryotic ribosomes by means of antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Due to their high specificity antibodies reveal possibilities for a detailed analysis of structure and function of eukaryotic ribosomes. By means of specific antibodies against single ribosomal proteins we could (1) localize immunoelectron microscopically certain proteins at the surface of ribosomes and (2) determine their role within protein biosynthesis by the binding of the initiation factor eIF-2 to the small ribosomal subunit. The combination of the results of both methods provides evidence of the localization of the peptidyl-tRNA binding site in the head area of the small subunit of ribosomes. PMID- 6789388 TI - [Immunohistochemical detection of tissue-bound rheumatoid factors (author's transl)]. AB - Different immunoglobulin classes, complement factors, complement fixation and rheumatoid-factor activity in rheumatoid synovial membranes of 16 patients were studied. After pepsin digestion of tissue sections, greatly increased numbers of plasma cells were able to bind human gamma globulin. In addition we found after the pepsin digestion more IgG and less IgM in the tissues. The results gave evidence of intracellular blocking of rheumatoid factor activity, due to IgG-IgG rheumatoid factor complexes or self associated rheumatoid factors. Additional evidence of such plasma cell complexes was obtained by observing an in vitro fixation of the complement. With the same methods we studied 3 patients whose synovial membranes had been surgically removed not later than 6 months after the onset of evident symptoms and who developed rheumatoid arthritis within an observation period of 2 years. As a result we found a small production of predominantly M and G immunoglobulins. The rheumatoid factors were also found in a small degree. Rheumatoid factor activity can be revealed only in a little number of plasma cells by pepsin digestion of tissues. In the serum we can't find more rheumatoid factor activity after pepsin digestion in the latex test. The immunofluorescence for detection of rheumatoid factors in tissues is a practicable method and important for the differential diagnosis of joint diseases. PMID- 6789389 TI - [Demonstration of an epidermal SH-protease inhibitor in normal epithelium and in some human neoplasms--an immunological study (author's transl)]. AB - Using a specific antiserum, it was possible to demonstrate (with the Ouchterlony test, immunofluorescence and peroxidase-antiperoxidase reaction) that the epidermal thiolprotease inhibitor was present in all the squamous epithelia tested by us, e.g. oesophagus, vagina and portio. Immunological methods further showed that epidermoid carcinoma of the skin, squamoepithelial carcinomas of the portion and oesophagus, and squamoepithelial carcinoma of the lung contained an immunoreactive protein reminiscent of the epidermal protease. The immunoreactive protein typical of squamous epithelium was also visible in part of the anaplastic lung carcinomas, which means that the determination of the inhibitor may be of significance in the classification of lung tumors. PMID- 6789391 TI - [Immune electron microscopic investigations of plant viruses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789390 TI - [Immunohistology of the antibody-formation against M-protein of Streptococcus pyogenes in Macaca mulatta (author's transl)]. AB - The immunohistology of the antibody synthesis against M proteins of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci) was studied in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). For the immunoelectron microscopic detection of antibody producing cells peroxidase-labelled M protein was used. Cryostat sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed lymphoid organs were incubated with the peroxidase-conjugate followed by 3,3' diaminobenzidine and H2O2. The labelled tissue sections were further processed for the electron microscopy. Two sites of specific labelling were observed: 1) The cell membrane of lymphocytes and transformed lymphocytes and 2) the endoplasmic reticulum of plasma cells, proplasmocytes and transformed lymphocytes. PMID- 6789393 TI - On morphology of anaphylactic reaction elicited by ferritin. AB - The differences between the systemic anaphylactic reaction (SAR) of guinea-pigs actively sensitized with ferritin and those guinea-pigs who were administered with ferritin-antiferritin complexes, which were of a clinically and macroscopically identical result, are described by means of methods of the morphologic examination. Except some details, SAR of guinea-pigs and rabbits elicited by ferritin possesses a similar morphological picture. PMID- 6789392 TI - [Tissue-dependent metabolic behaviour of collagen--autoradiographic and immunhistochemical findings (author's transl)]. AB - After the intraperitoneal application of 3H-proline a higher grain density over the myocardium and the aorta in comparison with the cartilage, the glomeruli and the cutaneous connective tissue of rats was found. The maximal incorporation was established in the aorta at 6 h, in the skeletal muscle at 18 h after the injection of radioactive proline. Immunhistochemical findings reported in the literature and first results of our own indicate a special distribution pattern of the various collagen types in the organs under study. Seen in this connection the autoradiographic results may imply that type I and III collagen has a higher metabolic intensity than type II and IV collagen. Animals with renal hypertension of 3 weeks duration show an increase in the ratio of the extranuclear to the intranuclear grain density in the myocardium and the aorta after 3H-proline application. PMID- 6789394 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of negative charges on cell surfaces by means of protamine-ferritin conjugates. PMID- 6789395 TI - [Purification and specificity control of labelled antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - A review is given about causes of unspecific binding and the possibility of its prevention. Unspecific binding can be caused by: binding of proteins and glycoproteins on cells or tissues by non-covalent links, undesirable antigen antibody-reactions, non-immune affinity reactions, changes of the charge of antibodies depending on the labelling procedure. A method for fractionation of labelled antibodies by using precipitation with protamine sulphate is described. PMID- 6789396 TI - [Immunoelectron microscopy with labelled antibodies - fundamentals and possibilities of application (author's transl)]. AB - The immunoelectron microscopy employs the specificity of antibodies for the ultrastructural detection of cell and virus components that bear antigenic determinants. Electron dense marker molecules or cytochemical reagents for enzymes are employed as detectors to visualize the antigen-antibody reaction. One group of methods uses covalent binding of the marker molecule or enzyme to the antibody by means of bifunctional reagents. More recently, it has been found that specificity and sensitivity are enhanced of only unlabelled antibodies are used in procedures in which the detector is attached to antibody via immunological bonds only. The review describes the different immunoelectron microscopical methods and the possibilities of their application. PMID- 6789397 TI - [Enzyme-labeled antibodies in immunocytochemistry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789398 TI - [Conjugation and isolation of POD labelled antibodies [author's transl)]. AB - 1. The POD content of the antibody/POD conjugate was measured by means of a method according to Moller and Ottolenghi (1966). Following the incubation of H2O2-benzidine solution the intensity of the yellow-green staining was registered at 410 nm. This method can be applied in the enzyme immunoassay too. 2. For every new test system the optimal antibody/POD ratio of the conjugate has to find out. Conjugates with a IgG/POD ratio in the range of 1 : 0.432--1.114 proved valid in cytological studies. 3. Precipitation, centrifugation, washing, and dialysis did not lead to a reduction of the enzyme activity. 4. In order to decrease nonspecific reactions by conjugate was separated from free POD by means of NH4SO4 precipitation or Sephadex G 200 chromatography. Additionally, nonconjugated antibodies and free POD were separated chromatographically by means of Biogel A 0.5. PMID- 6789399 TI - [Preparation and application of hybrid antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - Use of hybrid antibodies with one specificity for IgG and the other for an electron microscopical marker is particularly suited for exact localizing of cell antigens. The preparation of hybrid antibodies of anti-marker and anti-IgG immune sera is described. Different ways of this preparation are discussed, whereby a method of production of hybrid antibodies by use of a combined marker- and IgG immunoadsorbent is suggested. Application of hybrid antibodies with one specificity for IgG and the other for either ferritin or a plant virus (Erysimum latent virus) is demonstrated on visual labeling of cell membrane antigens. The hybrid antibody technique is preferably assumed to allow a multiple labeling of distinct antigens, scanning electron microscopical examinations and quantitative investigations in the field of immuno electron microscopy. PMID- 6789400 TI - [Conformation preserving methods of fixation (author's transl)]. AB - For immune- and enzymehistochemical studies it is necessary to preserve biological activities of fixed cells and tissues. Aldehyde fixed biological materials give not in all cases results to provide for the needs in histochemistry, because aldehydes depressed by conformational changes of macromolecules strongly their antigen-, antibody- and enzyme-activity. Thus, it is successful a fixation by mild cross linking fixatives. Carbodiimides, diimidate compounds as well as other bifunctional reagents are excellent reagents, which can preserve in the most parts the genuine biological peculiarities of the cells. Several examples of their histochemical employment are introduced and are further discussed. PMID- 6789401 TI - [A simple fixation of antigens suited for the demonstration of autologous antibodies (author's transl)]. AB - To determine autoantibodies against nuclear constituents, parietal cells, smooth muscles, mitochondria, microsomes of the thyreoidea and against myocard we use 4 micrometer cryostat tissue sections or monolayer cell preparations. After stepwise desiccation they are shortly heated to 100 degrees C. Antigenicity and histological structures are fully preserved for months, if these substrates were stored at -20 degrees C, provided that rehydration by even traces of moisture is carefully prevented. PMID- 6789402 TI - Effects of extracellular Ca2+ and the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist 8-(n,n diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate on rabbit platelet conversion of arachidonic acid into thromboxane. AB - The regulatory role of Ca2+ on the conversion of arachidonic acid (AA) into thromboxane B2 (TXB2) was examined in washed rabbit platelets, whose secretory processes are known to have requirements for extracellular Ca2+. Varying the extracellular free Ca2+ [Caf2+] concentration from less than 10(-8) M to 10(-3) M had no significant effect on the synthesis of immunoreactive TXB2 by rabbit platelets incubated with 1-4 microM AA. On the other hand, 8-(N,N diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), a putative antagonist of intracellular Ca2+ movement, inhibited AA-stimulated synthesis of TXB2 in a concentration dependent manner--an effect which could be partially overcome by increasing the AA concentration. The TMB-8 inhibition could not be reversed by increasing the [Ca2+f]. Studies examining platelet metabolism of 14C-AA and 14C prostaglandin H2 demonstrated that TMB-8 inhibited platelet cyclooxygenase, but not thromboxane synthetase. These studies demonstrate the absence of a requirement for [Ca2+f] but suggest the presence of a TMB-8 sensitive intracellular Ca2+ pool in the rabbit platelet synthesis of TXB2 from AA. PMID- 6789403 TI - Stimulatory effect of prostaglandin E1 on thyroliberin-induced alpha-melanotropin release from perifused neuro-intermediate lobes of frog pituitary gland. AB - A possible direct effect of prostaglandins on alpha-melanotropin (alpha-MSH) release at the level of the intermediate lobe of the frog pituitary was investigated in vitro using a perifusion system technique. The effect of prostaglandins was studied on both spontaneous and TRH-stimulated alpha-MSH secretion. No significant effect of PGE1, PGE2, PGF1 alpha or PGF2 alpha on basal release of alpha-MSH could be detected. Indomethacin did not alter the alpha-MSH release induced by TRH. Conversely a significant increase in TRH-induced alpha MSH secretion was observed in the presence of 1 x 10(-6) M PGE1. This magnifying effect was directly related to the concentration of TRH for doses ranging from 1 x 10(-8) M to 1 x 10(-6) M. PMID- 6789405 TI - Characterization of a non-reverting, asporogenous strain of Bacillus subtilis 168 for use as an HV1 host. PMID- 6789404 TI - Prostacyclin production in rabbit arteries in situ: inhibition by arachidonic acid-induced endothelial cell damage or by low-dose aspirin. AB - The central artery of the rabbit ear was perfused in situ and effluent fractions from the artery were assayed for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-K-PGF1 alpha) and thromboxane B2 (TxB2), the stable metabolites of prostacyclin (PGI2) and TxA2, using specific radioimmunoassays. These metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) were not detected in the effluent during infusion of Tyrode's solution but both metabolites were detected when small amounts of AA were infused into the artery. Examination of the arteries by scanning electron microscopy revealed that high concentrations of AA which caused a short burst of 6-K-PGF1 alpha and TxB2 production damaged the endothelial cells while lower concentrations which stimulated continuous production did not cause damage. When a non-damaging concentration of AA was infused into an artery that had previously received a damaging concentration, PG production was greatly reduced. Pretreatment of the rabbits with 4 mg/kg acetyl-salicylic acid (ASA) inhibited 6-K-PGF1 alpha production by the rabbit ear artery in response to AA and 70% inhibition was still evident 18 hours after ASA. PMID- 6789406 TI - Case-by-case evaluation of recombinant DNA research involving eukaryotic viruses. PMID- 6789407 TI - Neuroanatomical dissociation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced shaking behavior and thermogenic mechanisms. AB - To more clearly characterize the neuroanatomical substrates mediating thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) induced shaking and antagonsim of pentobarbital hypothermia, TRH was microinjected into 140 individual sites of the rat forebrain and brainstem. Previously determined threshold dosages of 10 ng TRH for the temperature response and 50 ng TRH for the shaking response were used. A clear distinction in regional sensitivity between the two TRH-induced effects was observed. The shaking response was most consistently observed with microinjection of TRH into the floor of the 4th ventricle and the periventricular posterior diencephalon, including the posterior hypothalamus and rostral periventricular grey. In contrast, the temperature response was most effectively induced by TRH administered in the interpeduncular nucleus and the rostral preoptic region located medial to, and including the diagonal band of Broca. The sensitivity of some brain areas to nanogram doses of TRH supports the possiblity that TRH may have a physiological function in the initiation of shaking behavior and/or thermogenesis. If such a function does exist, the brain regions identified in this study as most sensitive to exogenous TRH are likely neuroanatomical substrates for endogenous TRH. PMID- 6789408 TI - Degradation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by serum and plasma in vitro. AB - Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) is degraded in vitro by serum and plasma from several species (human, rat, guinea-pig and cattle). Separation of the degradation products by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) followed by amino acid analysis and radioimmunoassay showed that the main sites of cleavage are the Trp3-Ser4 and Tyr5-Gly6 bonds. Two peptidases are responsible since the cleavage at Trp3-Ser4 can be selectively inhibited by EDTA. In human plasma, the peptidase responsible for Trp3-Ser4 hydrolysis has a Km of 2.9 . 10( 4) M and V of 30 nmol/h per ml plasma. The half-life in vitro of LH-RH in serum and plasma from various species ranges from 3 h (guinea-pig) to 9.8 h (human). The peptidase cleaving LH-RH at Tyr5-Gly6 is present as an impurity in some commercial bovine serum and plasma albumins. Such contamination may have important practical implications for work involving peptide assays where albumins are used as carrier proteins. PMID- 6789409 TI - [Value of the presence of microscopic meconium in the amniotic fluid of pregnant Rh negative isoimmunized women]. PMID- 6789410 TI - [Secretory IgA in the saliva of children infected with Giardia lamblia and in control children., Part I]. PMID- 6789411 TI - [Acute kidney failure caused by nitrite poisoning]. PMID- 6789412 TI - Economic evaluation of health services. Concepts and methodology applied to screening programmes. AB - This methodological review seeks to explain the different levels of economic analysis, whose nature and use are often ill understood. These include analyses of cost-productivity, cost-effectiveness, and cost-benefit. The types of costs to be considered are then identified and classified into four groups according to whether they are direct or indirect, and visible or invisible. A numerical practical example of the cost-effectiveness of a breast cancer screening programme is used to demonstrate the techniques used in practice, and the types of problems and questions which may occur. The paper concludes that the development of epidemiological and economic models can make a significant contribution to the analysis of the complex interrelationships which prevail in the health services, and to the identification of aspects crucial for research and decision making concerning intervention strategies. PMID- 6789413 TI - [The diuretic effect of demethylchlortetracycline in non-compensated hepatic cirrhosis]. PMID- 6789414 TI - Studies on patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning. 2. Determination of urinary coproporphyrin, uroporphyrin, delta-aminolevulinic acid and porphobilinogen. AB - Urinary excretion of heme precursors were evaluated in 69 human subjects who have consumed rice oil contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Twenty four hour urinary samples were collected from 20 normal healthy volunteers and 69 PCB poisoned human subjects and assayed for the concentrations of delta aminolevulinic acid, prophobilinogen, uroporphyrin and coproporphyrin. PCB poisoning caused an increased excretion of delta-aminolevulinic acid (from 0.72 mg/24 hours to 1.00 mg/24 hours) and uroprophyrin (from 13.6 micrograms/24 hours to 41.2 micrograms/24 hours), but not the excretion of porphobilinogen (0.34 mg/24 hours) or coproporphyrin (30 micrograms/24 hours). The excretion pattern of urinary heme precursors associated with PCB poisoning is different from those due to lead or arsenic poisoning. The analysis of urinary heme precursors may be helpful for screening patients with PCB poisoning. PMID- 6789415 TI - Characterization of aflatoxin BI (AFB) in human liver cancer. AB - The occurrence of aflatoxin BI in human liver cancers was evidenced by thin layer chromatography followed by spectrophotometry of the chloroformic extract of tissue samples. Microscopic slides obtained from the same samples were also examined by direct fluorescence microscopy. In five cases, the chemical identification of aflatoxin BI was associated with the demonstration of a strong blue fluorescence of the tumor cells. In seven other samples, a slight blue fluorescence similar to that of AFB was observed, but the toxin was not detected by the chemical assay. In two cases, negative results were registered by both methods. The occurrence of AFB-macromolecules complexes not extractible by organic solvents and differences in the sensitivities of the two methods may explain the observed discrepancies. PMID- 6789416 TI - Reduction of chronic daunorubicin cardiotoxicity by ICRF-187 in rabbits. AB - To determine whether ICRF-187 (NSC-169780) would alter chronic daunorubicin (NSC 82151) cardiac toxicity, male New Zealand rabbits were given 3.2 mg/kg or daunorubicin iv alone or 30 minutes after 12.5 or 25.0 mg/kg of ICRF-187 ip at 3 week intervals. Control rabbits received either saline iv or ICRF-187 (12.5 or 25.0 mg/kg) ip on the same schedule. Three weeks after the fifth injection, the animals were sacrificed. The frequency and extent of cellular alterations were graded on a scale of 0 to 4. Lesions consisting mainly of vacuolization and myofibrillar loss were noted in the hearts of all 12 rabbits given daunorubicin alone. The severity ranged from 1 to 3 (average 1.8). In contrast, no abnormalities were noted in one of five (12.5 mg/kg) and three of seven (25.0 mg/kg) ICRF-treated rabbits. The remaining eight hearts from both pretreatment groups displayed animal alterations ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 (average 0.9). Thus, concurrent administration of the antineoplastic agent ICRF-187 may offer a means of reducing chronic daunorubicin cardiac toxicity. PMID- 6789417 TI - Glucose phosphate isomerase isoenzyme patterns in bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Theileria annulata and T parva, with an improved enzyme visualisation method using meldola blue. AB - Five strains of Theileria annulata from three geographically different areas and one strain of T parva were grown in bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines. Lysates of the parasitised cells were examined by thin layer starch gel electrophoresis for multiple forms of the enzyme glucose phosphate isomerase. A reported difference between the glucose phosphate isomerase isoenzyme patterns of T annulata and T parva was confirmed. Cultures of one strain of T annulata grown in cells derived from four different cattle showed similar host and parasite isoenzyme patterns. Two strains of T annulata and one strain of T parva grown in lymphoid cells derived from the same animal showed identical host cell isoenzyme patterns whereas the isoenzyme pattern associated with each parasite was different. Strains of T annulata from different geographical areas showed major differences in their isoenzyme patterns, but no differences were detected between strains from the same geographical area. Meldola blue was found to be superior to phenazine methosulphate as an intermediate electron acceptor in the visualisation of enzyme activity. PMID- 6789418 TI - Artificial infection of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus with Theileria parva by percutaneous injection. AB - Rhipicephalus appendiculatus nymphs were inoculated with fresh or cryopreserved blood containing Theileria parva piroplasms, or with cell culture grown stages of T parva. The use of fresh blood was successful. Cryopreserved blood containing dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), killed most nymphs after inoculation: DMSO could be removed by slow dialysis, without destroying the infectivity of the blood. Attempts to infect ticks by inoculating cell culture grown stages of T parva failed, even when large numbers of merozoites were present in the inoculum. PMID- 6789419 TI - Transmissible drug resistance in human and animal trains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - In an investigation carried out over a period of six months, 53 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and nine strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were examined for antibiotic resistance and transmissible drug resistance factor. Seventeen antibiotic resistance patterns were found among 51 drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Of the 62 strains, 23 were capable of transferring a part or all of the antibiotic resistance pattern to sensitive Escherichia coli. The P aeruginosa isolated from both man and piglets harboured R-factors which were transferable at high frequencies to the sensitive recipients, while only one of the six single resistant E coli isolated from piglets transferred resistance to the sensitive recipients. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphadimidine and streptomycin of the resistant E coli, P aeruginosa, Salmonella spp and Proteus spp were 500 to 625, 62 to 500, 500 to 625, 500 and 7.8 to 500 micrograms/ml, respectively. PMID- 6789420 TI - Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for serodiagnosis of infections with Theileria parva and T annulata. AB - An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine antibody levels in cattle infected with Theileria parva and T annulata, using antigens prepared from the intra-erythrocytic piroplasm stage of the parasites. Antibody levels in calves infected with T parva increased from the 16th day after infection to reach peak values at days 28 to 35 and then declined rapidly, but in calves infected with T annulata antibody levels rose steadily up to day 40. Similar patterns of antibody production were shown by indirect fluorescent antibody tests. Sera from animals infected with T parva gave higher ELISA values with the antigen prepared from the homologous parasite species than with the antigen prepared from T annulata, but sera from cattle infected with T annulata gave similar high ELISA values with antigens prepared from both T parva and T annulata. Sera from animals infected with T mutans, T sergenti, T velifera, Babesia divergens, B major and B bovis gave only slight or no cross reactions with the piroplasm antigens, but serum from a calf infected with B bigemina cross reacted at a significant level with both piroplasm antigens. PMID- 6789422 TI - Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in dogs with renal insufficiency: analysis of the 51Cr-EDTA clearance and its relation to the plasma concentrations of urea and creatinine. AB - The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was determined with the single injection 51Cr-EDTA clearance in 48 dogs with renal disease and the results were compared with the plasma Creatinine (PC) and plasma urea (PU) levels. The superiority of PC values over PU values for the assessment of the GFR is represented by the power functions PC = 78.2 CR(-0.67) mmol per litre and PU = 10.3 Cr(-0.52) mmol per litre, in which Cr is the relative glomerular filtration rate. The higher correlation between PC and Cr (r = 0.834) than between PU and Cr (r = 0.693) also demonstrates this superiority. An extended two compartment analysis of the 51Cr EDTA plasma disappearance curve is not essential for diagnostic purposes. PMID- 6789421 TI - Assessment of glomerular filtration rate in normal dog: analysis of the 51Cr-EDTA clearance and its relation to several endogenous parameters of glomerular filtration. AB - In 34 normal dogs the 51Cr-EDTA plasma clearance (C) according to the single injection technique was determined. The biexponential plasma disappearance curves were analysed according to a two compartment model. The results were compared with the plasma levels of creatinine and urea and with the endogenous creatinine clearance. In particular the dependence on body-weight (W) (range 8 to 57 kg) was established for several parameters. The dependence of C (ml per minute) on W (kg) could be described with both a linear function (C = 10 + 2.5 W) and a power function (C = 4.2 W0.88). The total distribution volume was equivalent to 19.6 per cent of W (range 12.1 to 33.5 per cent) whereas the rate constant lambda 0 (mean value 0.020 per minute, range 0.0115 to 0.0266 per minute) characterising the renal excretion did not depend on W. Good reproducibility (r = 0.92) of the C values was found in a test involving 13 dogs. PMID- 6789423 TI - Experiments with the double isotope single-injection method for determining glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow in veal calves. AB - Single injections of the radiochemicals Cr51-EDTA and I125-ortho-iodohippurate (I125-OH) were used simultaneously to measure the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), respectively, in 26 calves weighing between 37 kg and 90 kg. The mean GFR was 2.31 ml per minute per kg and the mean ERPF was 9.62 ml per minute per kg. These values are very similar to the GFR and ERPF measured in young calves and adult cattle by using constant infusions of inulin and para-aminohippurate as marker substances. Correlation coefficients of the order of 0.70 were found between clearance values and body-weights. The method described is rapid and reliable. PMID- 6789424 TI - Adoptive transfer of immunity to infection with Theileria parva (East Coast fever) between cattle twins. AB - Resistance to a lethal challenge with Theileria parva (Muguga) was transferred between two pairs of chimeric bovine co-twins with 5 to 9 X 10(10) syngeneic thoracic duct leucocytes from the immunised partner. In one recipient, the infection became established and was eliminated. In the second recipient, the disease did not become patent. Both recipients were immune to a second challenge of T parva (Muguga). The results confirm both that chimeric twin calves are suitable as a model for the adoptive transfer of cell-mediated immunity in cattle and that recirculating lymphocytes confer resistance against infection with T parva to immune cattle. PMID- 6789425 TI - Detection of Dermatophilus congolensis antibody in the milk of streptothricosis infected cows. AB - Passive haemagglutination and agar gel diffusion tests were used to detect specific antibody to Dermatophilus congolensis antigens in serum and milk of eight streptothricosis infected Friesian milking cows. All the sera and milk samples showed the presence of antibody but titres were higher in sera. Precipitating antibodies were detected only in three sera. A possible implication of this finding is discussed with respect to passive immunity in the young calves from infected dams. PMID- 6789426 TI - Pleural immunocytoma with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. Ultrastructural study of one case. AB - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was diagnosed in a patient suffering from recurrent lymphocytic pleurisy. Ultrastructural studies of the pleura showed the features of Lennert's lymphoplasmacytoid immunocytoma. Computerized assisted tomodensitometry revealed a retroperitoneal growth surrounding the right kidney and squeezing the thoracic lymphatic duct. PMID- 6789428 TI - Changes in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid electrolytes in hypercapnia. AB - A study on two groups of patients in acute respiratory failure with hypercapnia (18 subjects) and in hypercapnic coma (18 subjects) has been carried out to determine the related changes in sodium ion, potassium ion, chloride ion, urea and osmolality in blood and cerebrospinal fluid. There were significant differences between the two pathological states and particularly in coma, changes in transmembrane active transport of electrolytes are significantly related to high concentrations of CO2 in the brain. PMID- 6789427 TI - Total parenteral nutrition infusate. An approach to its optimal composition in post-trauma acute renal failure. PMID- 6789429 TI - Plasma free amino acids in trauma: clinical and therapeutic implications. PMID- 6789430 TI - [Effects of Paco2 on inspiratory activity during cough reflex (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789432 TI - [A case report of acute myocardial infarction induced by ergotamine tartrate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789431 TI - [Induction and termination of ventricular tachycardia by programmed electrical stimulation of heart--a case in which the effect of disopyramide phosphate was confirmed by the stimulation study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789433 TI - Gas tension profile of the lung of the viper, Vipera xanthina palestinae. AB - Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations along the lung of five awake, resting Palestine vipers were continuously measured by mass spectrometry. Ventilatory volumes, body wall movements and heart rate were also measured. In the anterior part of the faveolar (respiratory) lung, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations returned to within 1% of inspired composition with each inspiration. Between breaths, changes of 0.5-2% in gas concentrations were seen in the faveolar region but practically no changes occurred in the caudal, non-respiratory lung (air sac) where mean oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations of 16.4% and 2.5% respectively were recorded. The respiratory exchange ratio dropped from near 1.5 in the anterior faveolar region to zero in the transition zone to the air sac. Instantaneous R values declined with breath-holding time in each location along the length of the lung. Gas exchange appears greatest in the posterior faveolar region near the heart and there is evidence of cardiogenic gas mixing in this region. The posterior air sac may either passively respond to air movements in the anterior lung or it may participate in ventilation. During periods of extended breath-holding (10-15 min) pronounced body wall movements were seen but there was no air flow from the mouth and gas exchange continued in the lung with rapidly decreasing R. PMID- 6789434 TI - The significance of the linkage between the Bohr and Haldane effects in cephalopod bloods. AB - This study concerns the physiological implications of the theoretical identity between the Bohr and Haldane effects in the hemocyanin containing blood from the cephalopods Loligo forbesii and Sepia officinalis. The Bohr factor is for both species lower than -1.0. The functional Haldane coefficient (delta ctCO2/delta cHcO2)pH ranges from -2.0 to -0.9 mMCO2/mMO2 in S. officinalis and from -1.2 to 0.7 mMCO2/mMO2 in L. forbesii. This implies for S. officinalis that there may not be enough protons produced from aerobic metabolism to facilitate the release of O2 from HcO2 via the pH sensitivity of this binding. The amount of anaerobically produced protons are predictably of little consequence for release of Hc bound O2 in cephalopods since octopine as the primary product of anaerobic metabolism is a much weaker acid than lactic acid at physiological pH. It is proposed that during burst swimming powered by the ventilatory current, such as practiced by many squids, the overall requirement for ventilation may increase causing a reduced pCO2 and bring the functional Haldane effect below unity. This implies that more H+ are produced by aerobic metabolism than can be found to hemocyanin, hence a shift of the O2 equilibrium curve to the right and improved O2 unloading potential. The advantage of the very large (pH sensitivity) Bohr shift in benthic forms like S. officinalis, both tolerant of and frequently experiencing hypoxic water, may rest with a marked increase in O2 affinity and improved O2 loading in response to respiratory alkalosis produced by hyperventilation. PMID- 6789435 TI - Transpleural diffusion of carbon dioxide. AB - Carbonic anhydrase in lung tissue might play a role in speeding the movement of CO2 between blood and alveolus. To test this hypothesis, we measured the transpleural diffusion rate of CO2 and compared it to that of oxygen, argon, and nitrogen, before and after inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity with acetazolamide. Experiments were performed in exsanguinated dog lungs, which allowed study of CO2 dynamics in the absence of carbonic anhydrase activity from erythrocytes. The relative rate of movement of CO2 and the other gases into and out of the lung, agreed with that predicted solely on the basis of molecular weight and solubility. We conclude that there is no evidence for facilitated diffusion of CO2 across the pleural tissue. PMID- 6789436 TI - Airflow in the avian respiratory tract: variations of O2 and CO2 concentrations in the bronchi of the duck. AB - Variations of CO2 and O2 concentrations within a respiratory cycle were recorded at various sites in the bronchial system of anesthetized, spontaneously ventilating ducks, using small metal cannulae introduced into the main bronchus (MB), a medioventral (MV) or mediodorsal (MD) secondary bronchus and connected to a mass spectrometer for continuous gas analysis. The following results were obtained and conclusions drawn. (1) Since during inspiration, CO2 concentration (FCO2) was close to zero all along MB and since FCO2 was nearly constant throughout the respiratory cycle in MV, it must be inferred that on inspiration, no significant amount of air passes directly either from MV to MB or in the opposite direction, there being thus a complete functional valving of the MV orifices. In particular the Hazelhoff loop mechanism (inspiratory reflux of lung gas into the MB) is not operative. (2) During expiration, FCO2 in MV was only slightly higher than that in the trachea, but substantially above FCO2 deep in MB. This suggests that most of the expiratory flow from caudal air sacs is diverted through the paleopulmo and only little exits directly through MB. It is shown that the functional valving of bronchial air flow is advantageous for gas exchange as it reduces air shunts and provides a nearly steady lung ventilation. PMID- 6789437 TI - [Effectiveness of nitroglycerin spray]. PMID- 6789438 TI - [The treatment of post-transfusional hemochromatosis with chelating agents]. PMID- 6789439 TI - Late infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. An unusual case with predominantly myoclonic-epileptic symptomatology. AB - A case of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (I.N.A.D.) with late onset is described with protracted course and predominant myoclonic-epileptic symptomatology. A girl of 13 years died in myoclonic-epileptic state. She had suffered from a mild cerebellar deficit, slight intellectual impairment and increasing myoclonic attacks since the age of 5 years. A similar neurological syndrome, beginning at almost the same age, occurred in her younger brother who died at the age of 11 years from acute hepatic failure (without autopsy). Histological examination of the CNS in the girl revealed a diffuse neuroaxonal dystrophy, some areas of spongy degeneration in the cerebral and cerebellar white matter, cortical atrophy of cerebellum accompanied by demyelination of the spinocerebellar tracts, the fasciculus gracilis and the cortico-bulbar tracts. Such histological features are in keeping with those of I.N.A.D. or Seitelberger's disease. The clinical features, however, differ considerably from the latter as well as from Hallervorden-Spatz's disease and seem to belong, instead, to the group of progressive myoclonus epilepsies. In the differential diagnosis of these rare conditions, therefore, also the I.N.A.D. ought to be considered. PMID- 6789441 TI - Demystifying TPN. PMID- 6789440 TI - [Epilepsy in later life: seizures persisting after the age of 60]. AB - In a group of 657 epileptic patients there were 51 presenting with fits even after having reached the age of 60. The onset of seizures dated back to the first 20 years in 15 patients between 20 and 40 years in 15 and between 40 and 60 years in 21. In 67% of the cases it was possible to determine the cause of seizures. The aetiology was unevenly distributed within each group. In the first group (up to 20 years) the P.G.E. forms prevail. In the second (up to 40 years) post traumatic epilepsy and inflammatory processes were predominant, while in the third (up to 60 years) vascular and tumoral pathology seem to be prevalent. 43% of the patients showed paroxysmal abnormalities in the EEG and these were still present even after to age of 60 years in more than fifty per cent. After the age of 60 we found no case of benign epilepsy amenable to complete recovery. Patients older than 60 present epilepsies of mild severity. In symptomatic epilepsies the lesional factors were not subject to evolution and the epileptogenic focuses were stable and persistent. In partial epilepsy there were more cases of complex symptomatology (86%) than cases of elementary symptomatology (14%) The evolution of seizures in old age is considered together with the importance of all factors influencing recurrency. PMID- 6789442 TI - Trouble-free administration of hetastarch and TPN. PMID- 6789443 TI - [Fecal streptococci as indicators of fecal water contamination. IV. Survival of fecal streptococci in water]. PMID- 6789444 TI - Adrenal function in early and metastatic breast cancer: dexamethasone suppression of plasma cortisol. AB - Plasma cortisol, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P), progesterone, FSH, LH and prolactin were determined by RIA, in 14 cancer patients without metastases aged between 40 and 74 years (6 cases of breast cancer: T123, N01, M0 and 8 with other forms of cancer). The cancer patients were investigated: (A) under basal conditions, (B) after three days' adrenal suppression by dexamethasone, 3 mg/day and (C) immediately after local radiation therapy (4500 rads). The basal mean hormonal values in these patients showed increased cortisol, decrease 17-OH-P and normal values of progesterone, FSH, LH and prolactin. Plasma cortisol was significantly reduced by adrenal suppression with a percentage reduction of 19.44 without differences between breast cancer patients and patients with other forms of cancer; adrenal suppression induced an increase of 17-OH-P only in male cancer patients. The only significant hormonal changes after local radiation therapy were increased plasma 17-OH-P values in both female and male cancer patients. A second group investigated in the present study consisted of 11 patients (6 castrated and 5 postmenopausal women) with metastatic breast cancer and presented increased plasma cortisol values, decreased 17-OH-P values, and a great scatter in the estrone values, some of them being very high. PMID- 6789445 TI - Inhibition of pituitary-testicular axis response to gonadotropin releasing hormone by pineal treatment. AB - Purification by ultrafiltration of the pineal extract with antigonadotropic activity enabled us to obtain two fractions, one above 10,000 daltons molecular weight and one below. Administration of these two fractions to intact or castrated rats showed a dissociation of their activity, namely, the larger fraction proved to be anti-LH and the smaller one anti-FSH, as also demonstrated by the specific biologic tests of these hormones. Pineal pre-treatment of the intact and castrated rats whose pituitary had been stimulated with gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) showed that both fractions lower significantly LH and FSH serum levels in both groups of animals. The pineal treatment inhibited the pituitary response to GnRH both in the intact and castrated animals. PMID- 6789446 TI - Light chain polymerism in normal individuals in patients with severe proteinuria and in normals with inhibited tubular protein reabsorption by lysine. AB - The polymeric forms of free kappa and lambda light chains were estimated in serum and urine from twelve normal individuals, from seven patients with nephrotic syndrome associated with normal GFR, and from eleven normal persons after inhibition of renal tubular protein reabsorption by lysine. The investigation showed that the serum concentrations of the monomeric and dimeric forms of light chains were similar in the three groups. The urinary excretion was increased in patients with nephrotic syndrome, the mean excretion of kappa chains being 9.2 mg/24 h and of lambda 6.6 mg/24 h compared with normal excretion of 2.2 mg/24 h for kappa and 1.0 mg/24 h for lambda. After inhibition of tubular protein reabsorption, the urinary light chains excretion increased to 101.3 mg/24 h for kappa and 40.0 mg/24 h for lambda chains, i.e. approximately 40 times normal level. The relative concentrations in the urine of the monomeric and dimeric forms of the two chain types were varied widely in the three groups investigated, particularly for lambda monomers where a low excretion rate and clearance value was found during inhibition of the protein reabsorption. The reason for the variations were found to be differences in polymerization and consequently differences in glomerular filtration. Evidence for a preferential reabsorption of any of the chain types or polymers was not seen. PMID- 6789447 TI - Studies on the fat emulsion Intralipid. I. Association of serum proteins to Intralipid triglyceride particles (ITP). AB - Intralipid triglyceride particles (ITP) were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The isolated ITP fraction contained about 70% of the total triglycerides and 20% of the total phospholipids of the original Intralipid emulsion. Intralipid emulsion was mixed with equal parts of either albumin solution or VLDL-free serum and the ITP immediately isolated by centrifugation. The isolated ITP contained protein of which more than 90% disappeared upon recentrifugation in the case of albumin and only to 20% in the case of serum. It was demonstrated by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion with monovalent antisera against apolipoproteins that the proteins associated with ITP were mainly albumin; apolipoproteins CII and CIII in the two types of experiments respectively. The specific association of apolipoproteins CII and CIII to ITP offers an explanation to the chylomicron like metabolism of Intralipid in vivo. PMID- 6789448 TI - Plasma ionized calcium in the critically ill on total parenteral nutrition. AB - Eight patients were monitored three times daily for 3 consecutive days. Plasma calcium fluctuated slightly, whereas phosphate varied more and in two patients fell below 0.08 mmol/I. Necessary calcium and phosphate supply for adults was estimated to be 0.15 and 0.25 mmol per kg body mass per day, respectively. Plasma ionized calcium could be estimated form total calcium, albumin and pH with a standard deviation of 0.05 mmol/l. This is 5 times higher than by direct measurement with a new combined pH-pCa electrode system. PMID- 6789450 TI - A well-preserved cranium of an archaic type of early Homo sapiens from Dali, China. AB - This paper deals with a well-preserved human cranium of late Middle Pleistocene, belonging to a young male individual. It has many characters identical to those of early Homo sapiens or intermediate between Homo erectus and modern man. It possesses also some features similar to those of modern man, and close to Homo erectus in some respects. So it probably belongs to an archaic type to early Homo sapiens. Taken with other Chinese human fossils it is on the continuous human evolutionary line in China. The cranium differs from Neanderthals in a number of racial characteristics. It is therefore considered here a new subspecies: Homo sapiens daliensis. PMID- 6789449 TI - Reliability of routine clearance methods for assessment of glomerular filtration rate in advanced renal insufficiency. AB - The reliability of different clearance methods to assess the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was tested in fifteen patients with advanced chronic renal failure (range of GFR: 3-13 ml/min). The renal [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance (Er) measured during optimal conditions with determination of residual bladder-urine was used as reference parameter of GFR and the reliability (+/-) of a thus corrected value to assess GFR of the individual patient are given in parenthesis. The arithmetic mean of the renal plasma clearance of endogenous creatinine (Clcreat) and urea (2.0 ml/min; +/- 1.5 ml/min); single determination of 25-h clcreat (3.4 ml/min; +/- 2.0 ml/min); Clcreat calculated from a measured plasma creatinine concentration, considering sex, age and body weight of the patient (2.9 ml/min; +/- 2.3 ml/min); total [51Cr]EDTA plasma clearance (Et) determined form three blood samples drawn 3-5 h after i.v. single injection 93.7 ml/min; +/- 2.2 ml/min); and Et determined form two blood samples drawn 4 and 24 h after i.v. injection (0.5 ml/min; +/- 0.5 ml/min). It is concluded that the most reliable assessment of GFR (=Er) is achieved either form a direct measurement or indirectly from Et determined from two blood samples drawn 5 and 24 h after i.v. single injection. use of the mean value of three 25-h Clcreat determinations is recommended if facilities for measurement of radioactivity are not available. PMID- 6789451 TI - [The effects of casein on enteral absorption of arsenic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789452 TI - Jejunoileal diverticulosis. PMID- 6789453 TI - Clinical applications of the CO2 laser in neoplastic lesions of the aerodigestive tract. AB - The use of the CO2 laser in otolaryngologic microsurgery offers the opportunity to reduce morbidity and deformity, and to decrease hospitalization time associated with resection of neoplasms of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. We used the CO2 laser to resect a variety of lesions in 14 patients. Laser resection was the primary mode of therapy, in combination with irradiation and chemotherapy. Local control of the neoplasms was achieved with a number of advantages over established modes of therapy. The CO2 laser continues to show promise as a means of primary control in head and neck neoplasms, with a minimum of morbidity and deformity. PMID- 6789455 TI - Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains found in chiggers collected in Thailand. AB - R. tsutsugamushi strains found in chiggers collected from 3 different sites throughout Thailand were antigenically characterized. Monotypic infections were observed in 76.7% of the chiggers. Karp was the most predominant strain, followed by TA716, TA763, TA686 and Kato. This study represents the first confirmed report of R. tsutsugamushi infection in 8 different chigger species in Thailand. PMID- 6789454 TI - Grand rounds: Saturday conference: diagnosis of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6789456 TI - Blood parasites of wild and domestic animals from South Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. AB - Wild and domestic animals trapped from forests, villages, and rice fields in South Kalimantan (3 degrees 20' S, 115 degrees 02' E, 25 m) were examined for blood parasites using Giemsa stained thick and thin blood films and Nuclepore filter preparations of peripheral vein and heart puncture blood. Presbytis cristatus (silvered leaf monkey) (25%) and Felis catus (domestic cat) (7%) were infected with Brugia malayi and B. pahangi. In addition, P. cristatus was infected with Wuchereria kalimantani (35%); Cardiofilaria sp. (1%) and Dirofilaria sp. (1%). Microfilariae of Cardiofilaria were also recovered from Callosciurus notatus (squirrel), Pitta sordida (bird), Pycnonotus goiavier (bird) and Gallus gallus (bird). Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (civet) and Muntiacus muncak (barking deer), were positive for Dirofilaria sp. Bos indicus (cow) for Onchocerca sp. and Nectarinia jugularis (bird) for Splendidofilaria sp. Plasmodium coatneyi was found in 22% of the P. cristatus examined. Plasmodium sp. was also recovered from Zaocys fuscus and Ahaetulla prasina (reptile); Muscicapa sp. Lonchura malacca, Orthotomus sericeus, Rhipidura javanica, Treron vernans, Pycnonotus melanoleucus and G. gallus (bird). In addition 39% of the Cynopterus brachyotis and 29% of C. horsfieldi (fruit bats) were infected with Hepatocystis pteropi. A single G. gallus was infected with Leucocytozoon sabrazesi and another with Trypanosoma sp. PMID- 6789457 TI - An outbreak of paratyphoid A in Singapore: clinical and epidemiological studies. AB - The epidemiological and clinical findings of 61 cases of laboratory-confirmed paratyphoid A reported in an outbreak in 1979 were described. Epidemiological investigations of 42 indigenous cases implicated imported fresh oysters as the vehicles of transmission (p less than 0.01). Although S. paratyphi A could not isolated from the implicated oysters, several observations presented tend to support the association between oyster consumption and illness. The clinical features were similar to typhoid, 82.8% of the organisms were isolated from blood cultures. The relapse rate was 8.6%. There were three stool and one urinary convalescent carriers. Two of the stool carriers were treated with cholecystectomy. PMID- 6789458 TI - [Cost of maintaining independent city polyclinics and the criteria of their work efficiency]. PMID- 6789459 TI - [Changes in the blood due to drug-induced disease]. PMID- 6789461 TI - [Evolution of Trypanosoma cruzi, Mexican strain, in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts and in vitro]. PMID- 6789460 TI - [Chagas disease in the Mexican Republic]. PMID- 6789462 TI - [Brucella keratoconjunctivitis]. AB - A case is described in which the rubber cap of a vial containing Brucella abortus vaccine came off accidentally and some of the contents splashed in the eyes of a veterinarian. A uni-ocular keratoconjunctivitis developed. The other eye was similarly affected 1 week later. Brucella tests were negative. Two months later the Br. abortus titre was 1/640 and the Br. melitensis titre 1/320. Systemic treatment with tetracyclines, co-trimoxazole and streptomycin and local treatment with chloramphenicol and atropine had no effect. Two attacks of acute keratoconjunctivitis subsequently occurred within two hours of handling Brucella vaccine. In the right eye a corneal abscess developed, as well as uveitis and cataract. Extracapsular lens extraction was performed. Panophthalmitis followed and the eye was enucleated. The literature is reviewed and the possibility of a Brucella keratoconjunctivitis indistinguishable from viral keratoconjunctivitis is discussed. PMID- 6789463 TI - Meningococcal disease at Tygerberg Hospital. AB - From June 1978 to November 1979, 298 patients with meningococcal disease were seen at Tygerberg Hospital, Parowvallei, CP. The manner of presentation, the diagnosis and some of the clinical features of these patients are reviewed and certain aspects discussed. PMID- 6789464 TI - Prenatal screening for neural tube defects in South Africa. An assessment. AB - Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur in at least 1 in every 1000 babies born in South Africa. The incidence is uncertain but appears to be highest in Whites and Coloureds and lowest in Blacks. Spina bifida is a particularly serious problem because many affected babies survive and require extensive, costly treatment and care. A high maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level may indicate that the fetus has an NTD. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is well suited to mass screening of maternal sera. The Natal population is used as a model here, and it is calculated that of some 122000 pregnancies annually 38725 might be screened. Of 98 expected fetuses with an NTD, 32 (16 with anencephaly and 16 with spina bifida) should be detected. If the 16 fetuses with spina bifida were not detected and those pregnancies terminated, the cost of caring for the affected children through their first decade is conservatively estimated at R145660, an average of R9 100 per patient; 92% of this would be incurred in the first 3 years. The cost of screening, at R2,27 per subject, is calculated to be R87 825, equivalent to R2 744 per fetus with an NTD detected or R5 489 per fetus with spina bifida detected. Financially the introduction of mass screening of maternal serum AFP is justified, but before this can be done adequate ultrasound facilities must be provided and a permanent health visitor must be available to trace women at risk and arrange their further investigations. A public education campaign should also be introduced. Some ethical and legal implications of mass screening for NTDs are discussed briefly. PMID- 6789465 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies against Candida albicans antigens: development and comparison with other methods. AB - An extract of Candida albicans was used as an antigen on microtitre plates in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure IgM, IgG and IgA class antibodies in the sera of hospitalized patients. It was found that of these patient sera that reacted positively in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion (ID) when undiluted, 58% were also positive in the ELISA against the same antigen preparation. However, all the sera with an ID titre of 1:2 or higher were ELISA positive, demonstrating especially IgG and IgA. Of the sera positive by counterimmunoelectrophoresis against somatic and metabolic antigens of C. albicans, 86% were positive by ELISA. Reactions in precipitin-negative sera, if they occurred, usually demonstrated IgM or IgA. The sera with high passive haemagglutination or indirect immunofluorescence titres against surface antigens of C. albicans were positive in the IgG and IgA assays, while approximately one third were positive in the IgM assay. PMID- 6789466 TI - Auxotypes and antibiotic susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from women with acute salpingitis. Comparison with gonococci causing uncomplicated genital tract infections in women. AB - An investigation of the MICs of various antibiotics and the nutritional requirements (auxotypes) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae recovered from the cervix, fallopian tubes, and peritoneal cavity of women with acute salpingitis was done. These MICs and auxotypes were compared to those of gonococci isolated from the cervix of women with uncomplicated or asymptomatic genital tract gonorrhea. The MICs of minocycline, penicillin G, ampicillin, cefoxitin, and cefaclor for gonococci isolated from women with acute salpingitis were significantly higher. Significant differences in auxotype patterns were identified between isolates from salpingitis cases and uncomplicated cases. The prototrophic form was the most common (75%) among salpingitis strains. No strains requiring arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil were identified among the salpingitis isolates. In contrast, strains that required these nutrients were the most frequent auxotype among isolated from women with uncomplicated genital tract gonorrhea. Discriminant analysis revealed that the MIC of minocycline and the auxotype were the most powerful discriminators between groups of patients with different manifestations of gonorrhea. PMID- 6789467 TI - Gonococcal urethritis with bilateral tysonitis and periurethral abscess. AB - A case of gonococcal urethritis with bilateral tysonitis and periurethral abscess is described. The diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis was made by microscopic detection of typical gram-negative intracellular diplococci in cells of the urethral discharge. The patient was treated with oral ampicillin and probenecid for ten days together with oral oxytetracycline for seven days; he responded favorably to antibiotics, and surgical intervention was unnecessary. PMID- 6789468 TI - [Lymphoproliferative syndrome plus IgM (19S and 9S) monoclonal gammopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789469 TI - [Considerations on von Willebrand's disease variants. Report of six cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789470 TI - Diabetes patient education. PMID- 6789471 TI - The development of intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 6789472 TI - Consequences of malnutrition in the surgical patient. PMID- 6789473 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation: techniques and potential complications. PMID- 6789474 TI - Parenteral nutrition by peripheral vein. AB - Peripheral parenteral nutrition can provide perioperative nutritional support to patients with inadequate oral intake in whom total parenteral nutrition with hypertonic dextrose administered by a central vein cannot be undertaken because of sepsis, subclavian vein thrombosis, or lack of expertise and familiarity. Peripheral parenteral nutrition may be indicated in patients with marginal nutritional status whose postoperative course and period of starvation are unpredictable and in patients being started on a total enteral nutrition regimen. In patients with increased requirements because of stress or malnutrition who need full nutritional support by a peripheral method, the lipid system is indicated. In certain instances, large enough volumes can be infused to provide sufficient calories and protein for nutritional repletion. Protein-sparing therapy is indicated for nutritional maintenance in patients who do not clearly require full support by total parenteral nutrition but who are taking insufficient calories and protein orally. Peripheral parenteral nutrition avoids the risks of subclavian vein catheterization but requires that adequate peripheral veins are available. The metabolic complications are minimal compared with those of total parenteral nutrition, and the nutritional management of the diabetic patient is greatly simplified. Several techniques of preserving peripheral veins and prolonging their use have been discussed. PMID- 6789475 TI - Enteral nutritional therapy. PMID- 6789477 TI - Nutritional support in cardiac failure. PMID- 6789476 TI - Home parenteral nutrition. AB - Home parenteral nutrition is a life-sustaining mode of therapy for patients with short bowel syndrome that is unresponsive to conventional therapy. It requires learning specialized skills through an intensive training program and carefully following this program in a home setting. This training can be best provided by a group of health care specialists including a physician, nurse, dietitian, psychiatrist, social worker, and pharmacist who are knowledgeable about the issues that face the patient requiring home parenteral nutrition. The resources of career medical centers ar most appropriately utilized to provide the support needed to successfully undertake a home parenteral nutrition program. The nutritional requirements of these truly long-term patients have to be more accurately defined to guarantee that macronutrient and micronutrient requirements are being adequately provided for over the many years of required treatment. Fluid delivery systems and techniques for infection-free long-term venous catheterization have to be perfected. Home parenteral nutrition is a valuable life support system for patients with gut failure. Although expensive, it costs substantially less than in-hospital parenteral nutrition and can return the patient to a near normal life at home. PMID- 6789478 TI - Nutritional support in renal failure. AB - The emergence of our ability to intervene nutritionally in the stressed patient has allowed a dramatic alteration in the clinical course of many disorders. Such support should not be denied or restricted to individuals with renal failure. Should acute oliguric renal failure develop, dialysis should be instituted and the patient should be supported to the fullest extent possible. It is most important to remember that support for patients with marginal degrees of renal failure is most common in the hospital setting. The challenge to meet nutrient requirements in the face of a failure in renal regulatory function is great indeed. Should the regulatory function of the kidney be so impaired that the delivery of nutrients is restricted, dialysis should be instituted as a secondary form of support so that nutritional intervention can be accomplished. There is little rationale for severely restricting protein and nutrient intake in any individual in an attempt to maintain low blood urea levels without dialysis. Once dialysis is instituted, near normal nutritional delivery should be maintained. Although many of the foregoing concepts are rational, they have not been tested in a manner to allow critical review by the scientific community. Initial studies using only essential amino acids were compared to glucose alone. More recent retrospective comparisons still have not resolved the controversy. Prospective, randomized controlled trials are needed to compare solutions containing only those amino acids believed to be essential with solutions delivering a more complete array. PMID- 6789480 TI - Surgically created nutritional problems. PMID- 6789481 TI - Body composition and nutritional support. PMID- 6789479 TI - Nutrition in trauma. PMID- 6789482 TI - Meningioangiomatosis in the absence of von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - Two patients who had been having seizures for 10 years or longer were found to have a peculiar neoplastic alteration in the cerebral cortex. The lesion in both instances consisted of a combined proliferation of meningothelial and endothelial cells; and are best described as meningioangiomatosis. The tissues were surgically excised and the frequency and severity of the patients' seizures decreased. In neither instance were there stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease. In one example, as long as 8 years after craniotomy, no evidence of any disorder of the peripheral nerve was found. A review showed that such lesions have always been associated with multiple intracranial and spinal neoplasms; therefore, these two patients appear to be unique. PMID- 6789483 TI - A prospective randomized study of adjuvant parenteral nutrition in the treatment of advanced diffuse lymphoma: influence on survival. AB - The efficacy of adjuvant parenteral nutrition (PN) in cancer patients is not well defined. Twenty-one of 42 patients with advanced diffuse lymphoma were randomly selected to receive PN during an aggressive program of multiple-drug chemotherapy. These patients received 56 courses of central venous PN support during the first 14 days of the 28-day cycles of early and late phases of chemotherapy. PN patients received an average of 2,216 kcal/day, and their oral intake was 836 kcal/day during therapy. PN patients had marked weight gains, and standard nutrition (SN) patients had stable weights both during cycles of therapy and over the entire course of therapy. Lean body mass, as indicated by total body potassium, anthropomorphic measurements, serum albumin, creatinine-to-height ratio, total iron-binding capacity, and total lymphocyte count, was not improved in PN patients as compared to SN patients. PN therapy was complicated by symptomatic subclavian vein thromboses, septic catheters, and pneumothoraxes. The actuarial survival rate at 2 years was 68.8% +/- 10.9% (estimate +/- SD) for PN patients and 65.8% +/- 12.2% (estimate +/- SD) for SN patients. These results suggest that the weight gained by PN patients was composed of fat, water, or both. A lack of improvement in nutritional status and survival rates and a significant complication rate were associated with adjuvant PN during chemotherapy. PMID- 6789485 TI - [Classification and diagnosis of enzymopathies of the small intestine]. PMID- 6789484 TI - The effects of hyperalimentation and infused leucine on the amino acid metabolism in sepsis: an experimental study in vivo. AB - Liver blood flow and exchange of oxygen, glucose, lactate, and amino acids were measured in pigs at the same time as the peripheral arteriovenous (A-V) difference of these substances was determined. Four groups of animals were studied; they were normal postabsorptive, septic fasted, and septic infused either with complete parenteral nutrition (4.25% mixed amino acid solution with 25% glucose) or an isocaloric solution of 1.8% leucine with glucose. Sepsis in the pig caused a rise in arterial concentration of all essential amino acids except tryptophan and a decrease of most of the others. The liver uptake of the sum of all amino acids rose from nonsignificant values to 26.03 mumol/min/kg at the same time as the peripheral A-V difference changed from +20.4 to -678.0 mumol/l. Hyperalimentation increased arterial amino acid concentration, whereas peripheral A-V difference decreased to -132.3 mumol/l. The total liver uptake of amino acids was 24.80 mumol/min/kg but with a higher proportion of essential amino acids than in the fasted septic state suggesting increased liver protein synthesis. When leucine and glucose were infused the peripheral A-V difference of the sum of all amino acids was only -45.6 mumol/l indicating an almost complete cessation of muscle proteolysis. The arterial plasma concentration of all amino acids except leucine, glutamine, and glutamate were markedly reduced. Although hepatic clearance rate of amino acids fell only slightly, due to the low plasma concentrations, the liver uptake decreased substantially to 7.37 mumol/min/kg suggesting a decreased liver protein synthesis which could be deleterious in the presence of sepsis. PMID- 6789486 TI - [Thyroliberin in the diagnosis of hypophyseal adenomas]. PMID- 6789488 TI - [Use of sulfhydryl-group donors in the complex treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 6789487 TI - [Various indicators of natural humoral immunity in acute pneumonia]. PMID- 6789489 TI - [Comparison of the effect of trinitrolong slabs and nitroglycerin tablets in patients with exertional angina pectoris]. PMID- 6789490 TI - Correlation between the molecular structure of N-alkylureas and N-alkylthioureas and their teratogenic properties. AB - Eleven urea compounds were administered individually as a single oral dose to rats either on day 12 or 14 and to mice on day 10 of pregnancy. 1-Methylurea and 1-ethylurea were not teratogenic in either of the animal species. Administration of 1-methylthiourea and 1-ethylthiourea, however, resulted in high incidences of malformations in the rat but not in the mouse fetuses. The types of malformation were similar to those produced by the known teratogen ethylenethiourea. Methylated ureas such as 1,3-dimethylurea, 1,3-dimethylthiourea, 1,1,3,3 tetramethylurea, and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylthiourea were fetotoxic and produced malformations in the tail, palate, or extremities of the surviving rat and/or mouse fetuses. These findings suggest that the teratogenic properties of N alkylureas can be categorized into two groups, i.e., mono-alkylated thioureas and methylated ureas or thioureas. PMID- 6789491 TI - Healing of anastomotic leak with transanastomotic enteral feeding. PMID- 6789492 TI - Synoviorthesis versus synovectomy in the treatment of recurrent haemophilic haemarthrosis: long-term evaluation. AB - The authors report a long-term evaluation of the effects of chemical and surgical synovectomies performed in two groups of patients which were comparable as regards number of haemarthrosis per year and joint mobility. The results obtained indicated that both synovectomy and synoviorthesis were effective in reducing the bleeding episodes; however, while synovectomy stopped almost completely the recurrence of haemarthrosis, synoviorthesis in 3 patients younger than 12 years did not modify it and in one case it even increased the bleeding tendency. Moreover, the occurrence of arthritic pain was observed in 6 knees treated by synoviorthesis and only in 3 knees treated by synovectomy. Finally, the joint function was significantly reduced in the synoviorthesis group as compared to the synovectomy group. In conclusion, synovectomy gave better results than synoviorthesis but the latter treatment has a number of economical and technical advantages and should therefore be considered in patients older than 12 year of age with good joint function and without evident radiological changes, in whom full dose replacement therapy has had no effect on the recurrence of haemarthrosis. PMID- 6789493 TI - Binding of 99mTc plasminogen on fibrin. AB - Binding of plasminogen to fibrin was studied in vitro and in vivo using 99mTc Glu and Lys-plasminogen. Binding of Glu-plasminogen on the clot was not observed in vitro, and in vivo in the dog. Conversely, the binding of Lys-plasminogen to fibrin displays a linear relationship to the concentration of Lys-plasminogen, up to doses exceeding equimolarity; thus suggesting the existence of several Lys plasminogen binding sites on fibrin. Binding levels were identical, regardless of whether plasminogen was incubated in normal plasma or in plasma devoid of antiplasmin. In the dog, Lys-plasminogen bound specifically to the clot, however, clot sites could not be localized by scintigraphy in the dog or in man. PMID- 6789494 TI - Inhibition of human platelet functions by verapamil. AB - The effects of verapamil, a coronary vasodilator, on platelet functions was studied. Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine or collagen was inhibited by verapamil in vitro. Calcium ionophore A23187-induced platelet aggregation was also inhibited by verapamil in a concentration dependent manner. In washed platelets, verapamil caused a dose-dependent inhibition of serotonin release induced either by thrombin or A23187 in the absence of extracellular calcium. Addition of 1 mM CaCl2 with A23187 or thrombin partially overcame this inhibition. Addition of 1 mM CaCl2 in the absence of verapamil had no effect on thrombin- or A23187-induced secretion. When verapamil was administered to the healthy volunteers at the dosage commonly used, inhibition of platelet aggregation was observed 2 hrs after the drug ingestion. It is of great interest that verapamil potentiated the anti-aggregating activity of prostacyclin in vitro. Our results may suggest a potential role for verapamil in the treatment of thrombotic disorders. PMID- 6789495 TI - The diagnosis of mild haemophilia by the partial thromboplastin time test. WFH/ICTH study of the Manchester method. PMID- 6789496 TI - Dependence of human platelet functional responses on divalent cations: aggregation and secretion in heparin- and hirudin-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma and the effects of chelating agents. AB - The dependence of ADP- and epinephrine-induced platelet aggregation and secretion on extracellular divalent cations was examined by quantitating these responses in citrate-, heparin-, and hirudin-anticoagulated platelet-rich plasma. ADP-induced 14C-5HT secretion in heparin-PRP and hirudin-PRP was generally decreased, relative to that in citrate-PRP, without corresponding reductions in aggregation, whereas in response to epinephrine, both aggregation and secretion were decreased in heparin-PRP, and abolished in hirudin-PRP. In heparin-PRP, but not in hirudin PRP, the degree to which these responses were altered was highly variable among normal subjects, and was dependent on the anticoagulant concentration. Addition of citrate restored the extent of ADP-induced secretion and of epinephrine induced aggregation and secretion in heparin-PRP to that observed in citrate-PRP, and increased the extent of ADP-induced secretion in hirudin-PRP. Addition of EDTA or EGTA, however, had no effect of ADP-induced secretion in heparin-PRP. These results suggest that ADP-induced aggregation and secretion, as well as responses to ADP vs. epinephrine, have different dependencies on extracellular or surface-bound divalent cations. The variable responses observed in heparin-PRP may reflect direct interactions of heparin with platelets, and this variability may account for the conflicting results of previous studies. PMID- 6789497 TI - [Ethical problems in relation to nutrition of dying demented long-term patients. Double bind and defense reactions]. PMID- 6789498 TI - [Use of the milk ring test in detecting herds infected with Brucella abortus by examination of tank milk samples (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789499 TI - An improved isolation procedure for carbonic anhydrase C from red cell lysate. AB - An effective isolation of carbonic anhydrase C (CA-C) from red cell lysate was described. The lysate dialyzed against 0.0175 M phosphate buffer pH 6.3 was applied onto a CM-Sephadex column equilibrated with the same buffer. The elution was performed with the starting buffer and 0.1 M dibasic potassium phosphate containing 0.14 M NaCl. The hemoglobin fraction eluted with the second eluant was applied onto a DEAE-cellulose column and eluted with 0.2 M glycine containing 0.01 percent KCN, resulting in complete isolation of CA-C at high recovery rate. For the preparation in a large scale, the hemoglobin fraction prepared from CM Sephadex semi-batch-type chromatography was treated with cold ethanol and chloroform. The purity of these preparations was confirmed by polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6789500 TI - In vitro interactions of sulfur-containing compounds with the hepatic mixed function oxidase system in mice: effects on paracetamol activation and covalent binding. PMID- 6789501 TI - Effects of low dietary protein and dietary aflatoxin on hepatic glutathione levels in F-344 rats. PMID- 6789502 TI - Butylated hydroxytoluene pretreatment protects against cytotoxicity and reduces covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 in primary hepatocyte cultures. PMID- 6789503 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges in mice given irradiated wheat. AB - The effect of feeding mice on a diet containing freshly irradiated wheat on the frequency of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) was investigated and compared to controls fed diets containing unirradiated wheat. Mice given freshly irradiated wheat showed a mean SCE of 4.15 +/- 0.74 S.E.M., which was not significantly different from that of 3.88 +/- 0.92 seen in controls. Furthermore, chromosomes from mice fed freshly irradiated wheat were not observed to be more susceptible to the damage caused by mitomycin-C as measured by the extent of SCE induction. PMID- 6789504 TI - Influence of medium and diluent pH and diffusion time on antibiotic bioassay. AB - The effects of pH assay medium and diluents and of diffusion time on antibiotic bioassays were investigated to determine optimal assay conditions. Assays of penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolide derivatives were found to be little affected by the pH of the diluent, whereas the pH of the diluent exerted a noticeable influence on aminoglycoside assays, in which, therefore, it is essential to use a diluent at approximately p H 8.0. The data obtained have also demonstrated that the assays of penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolide derivatives and aminoglycosides were influenced by the pH of the assay medium. It is important to carry out penicillin or cephalosporin assays on plates of medium adjusted to approximately pH 6.0 and macrolide derived or aminoglycoside assays on a medium which is adjusted to approximately pH 8.0. The optimal duration of preculturing of assay plates for diffusion at 4 degree C after addition of the sample was determined to be 2 hours for the penicillins and cephalosporins. Diffusion of more than 2 hours was inadequate for assays of these antimicrobial agents. Diffusion times of less than 2 hours. For the macrolide derivatives and aminoglycosides, preculturing of 2 hours for diffusion at 4 degrees C was noted to be optimal, while preculturing for less than 2 hours proved inadequate. Diffusion times exceeding 2 hours had little effect on the assay of these antibiotics. PMID- 6789505 TI - Experimental study on monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. (1) Effect of long-term injection of immunosuppressant. AB - To investigate the involvement of the immune mechanism in the development of pulmonary hypertension in rats given monocrotaline, pulmonary hypertension was induced in rats and the effect of daily injection of prednisolone was studied. Fifty six Sprague-Dawley rats (4 week-old males, 50-60 g) were divided into four groups as follows: (1) injection of monocrotaline alone (A: 17 rats), (2) injection of monocrotaline + long-term injection of prednisolone (B: 22 rats), (3) long-term injection of prednisolone (C: 7 rats) and, (4) long-term injection of physiological saline solution (D: 10 rats). The survival time was prolonged, and slightly better results in the pressure of the right ventricle, hypertrophy of the right ventricle and lesions of lung tissue were obtained in B than in A. However, the rise in the RV pressure the hypertrophy of the right ventricle in B were more pronounced than in C and D, and findings in the lung tissue closely resembled those of A. Judging from the above, it is certain that long-term injections of prednisolone improve the lung tissue lesions and prolong the life of monocrotaline induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. However, it is unlikely that the immune reaction plays a leading role in the development of pulmonary hypertension in the rats. PMID- 6789506 TI - Blood supply of the distal part of the human pancreas: a study with segmental pancreatic transplantation in view. PMID- 6789507 TI - Localization of HLA-ABC and DR antigens in human kidney. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to human monomorphic class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) determinants have been used with immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques, to localize these antigens in normal human kidneys. HLA-DR antigen was located in the glomeruli (probably on endothelium as well as the mesangium) and within the cells of cortical and medullary tubules. Dendritic cells in the renal interstitium stained brightly for the DR antigen and could be distinguished from the staining of capillary endothelium. The vascular endothelium of large vessels stained less densely for the HLA-DR antigen than for HLA-ABC antigens. The glomeruli stained intensely for the HLA-ABC antigens and diffuse staining of HLA-ABC antigens was also noted within renal tubular cells. PMID- 6789508 TI - A technique for transplanting pancreatic islets as a vascularized graft and prevention of rejection with cyclosporin A. AB - Transplants of isolated allogeneic pancreatic islets behave as if extremely immunogenic but vascularized segmental pancreatic allografts do not evoke such a rapid rejection of islet tissue. We have transplanted rat pancreatic islets as a vascularized graft by implanting isolated islets under the renal capsule of a syngeneic diabetic rat and, after successful reversal of diabetes, a composite graft of kidney and islets was transplanted into an allogeneic diabetic host. Cyclosporin A was used to suppress rejection of the allografts in doses that have previously been shown to completely suppress rejection of renal allografts and delay rejection of vascularized segmental pancreatic allografts. This strategy produced indefinite survival of the allogeneic isolated pancreatic islets. PMID- 6789509 TI - Islet transplantation in mice differing in the I and S subregions of the H-2 complex. AB - Diabetic A.TL and A.TH mice, congenic inbred strains differing only in the I and S (non-K, non-D) regions of the major histocompatibility (H-2) complex, received intrasplenic allogeneic and isogeneic pancreatic islet transplants. The isografts were uniformly accepted, while approximately 60% of the recipients receiving allografts rejected the islets, most within 4 weeks of transplantation. With either strain the animals accepting the allografts had higher blood glucose values than normal mice or isografted recipients. After a minimum of 13 weeks of nearly normal glucose levels, successfully allografted mice received skin grafts and spleen cells. None of the A.TH recipients rejected the A.TL islets, but two of four A.TL recipients of A.TH islets became diabetic after the skin grafts. These observations suggest a variable response to islet transplanted across this isolated difference of the H-2 complex. Furthermore, allografted islets resisting rejection did not provide normal glucose levels in the recipients. PMID- 6789510 TI - Immunological aspects of Theileria annulata infection in calves. 1. E., EA, and EAC rosette forming cells in calves infected with T. annulata. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from normal and Theilaria annulata-infected calves were assayed for E, EA, and EAC rosette formation. The E rosette forming cells showed the first increase on day 8 of the infection. This continued in all animals till day 14 the maximum increase was recorded. After that they showed reduced percentages of E rosettes, reaching normal values (as obtained before the infection) on day 24 to 30. When the recovered animals were challenged 64 days after the first infection, an increase in the percentage of E rosette formation was again observed. Although a moderate increase in the percentage of EAC rosette formation was recorded the tendency was the same as for E rosettes in regard to the course of the infection. In contrast to E rosettes, EAC rosettes remained constant during the challenge infection. The EA rosette forming cells generally had the same tendency as E rosettes during both the first and the challenge infection. PMID- 6789511 TI - Chronic Chagas' disease: unimpaired delayed type hypersensitivity reactions in contrast with humoral suppression to typhoid vaccine. AB - Peripheral T and B cells were decreased in patients chronically infected with Trypanosome cruzi. The humoral response to Typhoid vaccine was suppressed in contrast with normal cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to Candida antigen, P.P.D., SK-SD, Vaccinia Virus antigen and DNCB. Complement and lg levels were between normal range and no immune complexes were detected by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. PMID- 6789512 TI - BCG-induced resistance in Trypanosoma cruzi experimental infections. AB - Administration of BCG induced in mice a clear resistance to a challenge infection with bloodstream trypomastigotes from two Trypanosoma cruzi strains. This finding represents a further demonstration that cell mediated immunity plays a definite role in the immune response in experimental Chagas' disease. "In vitro" experiments have shown that BCG-activated mouse macrophages are able to inhibit the development of T. cruzi intracellular stages, although no microbicidal effect could be detected. The controversial results on BCG effect in T. cruzi infections reported in the literature had been reviewed and discussed. PMID- 6789513 TI - [Comparative study of the mutagenic activity of organophosphate insecticides on bacteria]. AB - Mutagenic activity of the organo-phosphorus insecticides, metaphos, phosphamide and carbophos, on indicator Salmonella typhimurium TA-1535 strain is shown which is determined without metabolic activation. It is established that all the three preparations induce direct mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The quantity of visible mutations increases with the prolongation of exposure time and the insecticide concentration. Metaphos and phosphamide induced auxotrophic mutations. Phosphamide has the highest mutagenic activity in the assays with bacterial systems. PMID- 6789514 TI - [Comparative study of the immunochemical properties of the 5th lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme from rat liver and skeletal muscle. II. Isolation and characteristics of LDH-5 preparations from rat liver. General analysis of the results]. AB - The method of isolation of chromatographically homogenic LDG-5 preparation from the rat liver was elaborated. The preparations obtained in the present study and LDG-5 preparations from skeletal muscles have a common component which is testified by results of the precipitation test in agar. In the rat liver there is an enzymatically non-active antigenic component, which, according to some of its physico-chemical parameters, is very similar with chemically modified forms of LDG-5 dimers. PMID- 6789515 TI - [Isoelectric focusing of normal and tumor cells]. PMID- 6789516 TI - Theileriosis in Uganda. Parasitological and serological responses in cattle continually exposed to natural infection. AB - Cattle living in a circumscribed area in Uganda, where both Theileria parva and T. mutans occurred naturally, were monitored for periods of up to 1 year by examination of blood and lymph node smears for parasites and the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies to Theileria. Uninfected control cattle were added at intervals to ensure continuous challenge and to monitor the challenge. Although all 29 control animals became infected with T. parva, challenge was light at first as mortality from theileriosis only commenced in the 18 introduced after day 138 of the study; 14 of these died of the disease. Most of the 34 animals in the original group appeared to be susceptible to T. parva at the start of the study and 6 died of theileriosis. All animals were, or became, infected with T. mutans. Several animals exhibited patent T. parva infections on more than 1 occasion and 1 died from the second infection indicating the existence of immunologically different strains. Recovered animals appeared to acquire eventually a solid immunity to the local Theileria strains but 9 of the original animals and 7 of the controls died exhibiting massive tick and helminth burdens, sometimes aggravated by the effects of previous T. parva and/or T. mutans infections. PMID- 6789518 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis type I (Norman-Landing disease) (report of a case with enzymatic analysis of the family). PMID- 6789517 TI - Alkaline DNA fragmentation in vivo: borderline or negative results obtained respectively with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene. AB - Using the in vivo DNA damage alkaline elution assay, a satisfactory correlation with carcinogenicity in the same target organ has been previously shown for a variety of chemical agents. This work was intended to enlarge the exploration of the predictivity of this test. Benzo[a]pyrene (BP) was found negative for damage to liver DNA of mice and rats, and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) negative for damage to liver and bone marrow DNA of mice and slightly positive for damage to mammary gland DNA of young female rats. The results were found to be correlated with the extension of DNA arlyation in target organs in similar experimental conditions. From carcinogenicity data reported in the Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for Carcinogenic Activity (vols. 1961-1973) BP and DMBA were both found to be essentially negative as liver carcinogens; however, DMBA was a potent carcinogen in inducing mammary tumors. PMID- 6789519 TI - [Nucleotide sequence in tRNA Leu 2 from cow mammary gland]. AB - The primary structure of the tRNA2Leu from a lactating cow mammary gland was established T1 and pancreatic ribonuclease digestion were determined by an ultramicrospectrophotometric method using the equipment for microcolumn chromatography. tRNA2Leu is composed of 85 nucleotide residues, including 15 modified nucleotides. The anticodon region of tRNA2Leu is respresented by the sequence CAG. The primary structures of tRNA2Leu from the cow mammary gland and leucine tRNAs from E. coli and yeast were compared. PMID- 6789520 TI - [Properties of Streptomyces griseus aminopeptidase]. AB - The paper deals with studying the properties of aminopeptidase isolated from Str. griseus culture fluid. The preparation is characterized by a high specific activity and heat stability, it has no admixtures of carboxypeptidases and proteinases. The enzyme is easily inhibited by EDTA, but the addition of Ca2+ evokes its complete reactivation. A partial recovery of the activity may be also reached under the influence of some other bivalent metals. In hydrolysis of di- and tripeptides it is shown that the enzyme has a preferential effect on the substrates with N-terminal leucine. Peptides with N-terminal alanine, valine and glycine are almost not hydrolyzed. The use of the native insulin and decapeptide with the known amino acidic sequence as substrates shows that aminopeptidase can hydrolyze proteins and peptides with the successive release of some amino acids: phenylalanine, serine triptophane, valine, asparagine, etc. Glycine is difficult for removal and may inhibit the further hydrolysis of the polypeptide chain. PMID- 6789521 TI - [Proteins specifically binding thiamine and their biological role]. AB - The paper deals with generalization and a critical review of modern ideas of thiamine-binding proteins and their biological role in the vitamin transport in micro and macroorganisms. The significance of the given problem as applied to physiology and medicine is shown. PMID- 6789522 TI - [Influence of hyperthermia and protective effect of ionol and carbon dioxide gas on ATP, ADP and AMP content of the rat brain]. AB - It is shown that the amount of ATP in rats under hypothermia up to heat stroke lowers and that of ADP and AMP somewhat rises. Ionol administration normalizes the ATP level and increases the ADP and AMP contents. Inhalation of CO2 and especially administration of ionol contribute to a higher resistance of the animals to hyperthermia. PMID- 6789523 TI - [Aspartate and alanine aminotransferase activity in the liver and blood serum of protein-deficient rats receiving parenteral nitrogen nutrition]. AB - The activity of aspartate and alanine aminotranspherase in the liver and blood serum was determined under parenteral nitrogen nutrition against a background of protein deficiency and protein inanition. The activity of these enzymes in the rat liver under conditions of protein deficiency and inanition is practically the same. The intraperitoneal administration of aminosol and amikin against a background of 10- and 20-day protein deficiency increases the activity of the enzymes under study in the liver. With protein deficiency and inanition the aspartate aminotranspherase activity in the liver under conditions of amikin per os feeding in the composition of protein-free semisynthetic food is considerably lower than under parenteral administration of this preparation respective dose. Under given condition of the experiment the alanine aminotranspherase activity in the liver is, vice versa, higher under per os feeding than under parenteral administration of amikin. It is also shown that administration of the parenteral nitrogen nutrition preparations containing only free amino acids (amikin) or a mixture of free amino acids and low-molecular peptides (aminosol) has a unidirected effect on reamination reactions adaptability in the liver. PMID- 6789524 TI - [Polyamine content of liver, kidneys and tumors of rats during breast carcinogenesis induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene]. AB - The content of polyamines was determined in tissues of the liver, kidneys and tumours in the process of breast carcinogenesis induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. A decrease in the amount of spermidine is found in the liver of animals in the pretumour period and a rise in the contents of spermidine and spermine in the liver and kidneys of animals with tumour both per 1 g of wet tissue and 1 mg of RNA. In the tissue of breast carcinoma induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene the content of spermidine increases as compared to its amount in the liver of normal rats and tumour-carrying animals. PMID- 6789525 TI - [Effect of ammonium ions on calcium release from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - It is established that in AMP deamination by sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments there occurs an intensified release of the previously accumulated calcium. UMP has no noticeable effect on this process. The level of accumulated 45Ca+ in the fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum is decreased when ammonium ions load is introduced into the medium. If the sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments were loaded with 45Ca2+ and then washed off and incubated in the isotonic sucrose solution, the calcium release is more intensified when ammonium ions are introduced into the medium. The results of ultrasound and A23187 treatment of the membranes evidence for the calcium release from the inner space of vesicles. PMID- 6789526 TI - [Carbostimulin-correcting effect on metabolic aspects of diabetes mellitus]. AB - Application of carbostimulin, the preparation stimulating CO2 fixation in tissues, in a complex therapy of diabetes mellitus patients rises the CO2 level, restores the total content of alpha-ketoacids and free amino acids in blood, increases (within the physiological normal limits) the urea content in blood and urine of diabetes mellitus patients. PMID- 6789527 TI - [Transmalleolar fixation suture for treatment of peroneal tendon dislocations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789528 TI - Current status of endocrinologic effects of vasectomy. PMID- 6789529 TI - Bladder cancer in men and women treated by radiation therapy and/or radical cystectomy. AB - Four-hundred fifty-one patients with bladder cancer, 348 men and 103 women, were treated by radiation therapy and/or radical cystectomy during the last two decades at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Radical cystectomy alone was the treatment in 98 men and 39 women. Radical radiation therapy to an average tumor dose of 6,000 rad in six weeks was given to 79 men and 30 women +/- one year before salvage cystectomy was done for recurrent or persistent tumors. Planned preoperative irradiation was delivered to the true pelvis either 4,000 rad in four weeks in 95 men and 24 women or 2,000 rad in one week in 76 men and 10 women +/- six weeks and two days, respectively, before radical cystectomy. Over-all survival and recurrence results in both sexes were similar, 40 per cent of men and 36 per cent of women were alive at five years without recurrence, 45 per cent of men and 48 per cent of women died in five or more years with local and/or distant recurrences, and 21 per cent of men and 15 per cent of women died before five years from causes other than cancer recurrence. Higher five-year survival for high clinical stage B2 to D1 tumors was noted similarly in the irradiated men (30 per cent) and women (37 per cent) than in the cystectomy alone patients (19 per cent in men and 4 per cent in women). Similar survival rates (52 to 57 per cent) were observed in men and women with low clinical stage O to B1 tumors treated with or without irradiation. PMID- 6789530 TI - [Lecithin and sphingomyelin in amniotic fluid in late pregnancy in dairy cows]. AB - Phospholipides were isolated from 26 amniotic fluids of highly pregnant dairy cows and the lecithin : sphingomyelin ratio (the L/S index) was determined; this ratio ranged from 1.9 to 12.0 (mean = 6.5; n = 20), and in other cases only lecithin was clearly detected (n = 6). During the studied period of 249 to 277 days of pregnancy, no significant correlation was found, by the method used, between the age of the foetus and the L/S index in the amniotic fluid. The modifications of the methods in which the concentrations of different phospholipids are used for the determination of the maturity of foetal lungs, are discussed, together with the possibility of using and interpreting the L/S index in cattle. PMID- 6789531 TI - [The effect of fattening of swine using grape cake on carcass characteristics and meat quality]. AB - Fattened pigs were given standard diet containing 10% of crushed cake from white or red grapes. The replacement of part of the diet by this material was not found to exert any adverse influence on the health of the animals, evaluated according to slaughter characteristics. In most of the studied characteristics of the carcass and meat the difference between the control and experimental animals was not statistically significant and the meat of the animals had satisfactory nutritional and technological properties. The use of both kinds of grape cake resulted in the production of carcasses with a higher percentage of lean meat. The experimental animals also had a higher proportion of essential fatty acids in intramuscular fat. PMID- 6789532 TI - [The effect of Ridzol P used in pig fattening on carcass characteristics and meat quality]. AB - The meat and fat of slaughter pigs given diet with Ridzol P (60 mg per kg of feed) were studied. During the veterinary examination the additive was not found to have any adverse effect on the health of the animals. Judging from the studied meat and fat characteristics, there were no significant differences in the nutritive and technological value of the meat of the pigs given feed with Ridzol P, as compared with the controls. The additive was found to have a good influence on significantly higher weight of the cut lean parts. Hardly any difference was found in the proportions of the fatty acids of intramuscular fat, back fat and flare fat. PMID- 6789533 TI - [Abnormalities of the sperm neck of poultry]. AB - Defects in the structure of the middle piece of poultry spermatozoon were studied by the electron-microscopic method. The defects included loose jointing of the head and falgellum owing to the shallow invagination fossa of the nucleus, and structural and mainly shape alterations of the proximal centriole. These defects existed in spermatozoa with a normal shape of nucleus as well as in those with rounded or otherwise irregularly shaped nuclei. PMID- 6789534 TI - [Effect of fasting on the concentration of amide nitrogen in the blood plasma of sheep]. AB - The experiments with sheep starving 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs after the last feeding showed that on the second day of starving the concentration of the total amide nitrogen in plasma increased significantly (P less than 0.01) both at a lower (7.6 g of nitrogen per day) and at a higher (24 g of nitrogen per day) nitrogen uptake before the beginning of starvation. The concentration of free amide nitrogen, unbound to plasma proteins, increased only at the lower nitrogen intake before starving. At the studied stages of fasting no significant differences in the levels of total and free amide nitrogen in plasma having a relation to nitrogen intake before starvation were found. With the increased urea level in plasma a parallel increase of the total amide nitrogen was observed only in the plasma of sheep fed before starvation the diet with a higher nitrogen content. The results confirm that a short-term starvation is one of the factors which can influence the relatively stable concentration of amide nitrogen in plasma. PMID- 6789536 TI - Hematology of experimental acute Sarcocystis bovicanis infection in calves. I. Cellular and serologic changes. AB - Of four Holstein-Friesian calves infected with 200,000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovicanis, three became ill and died on days 35, 55, and 59 of a 63-day experiment. No control calves became ill or died. Three of the four infected calves developed normocytic normochromic anemia with about a 50% decrease in hemoglobin concentration on days 25 through 35, and had hyperbilirubinemia from day 25 or 26 to death (day 35); this disappeared when the anemia stabilized in surviving calves. Packed cell volume increased slowly after day 35 in the surviving anemic calves. Indirect and direct Coombs' tests were negative throughout the experiment in the control and infected calves. A reduction in numbers of neutrophils and lymphocytes paralleled the crisis of anemia in the infected calves. Serum antibody titers to S. bovicanis antigen were increased substantially in all infected calves 35 days or more after inoculation. PMID- 6789537 TI - Hematology of experimental acute Sarcocystis bovicanis infection in calves. II. Serum biochemistry and hemostasis studies. AB - Of four Holstein-Friesian calves infected with 200,000 sporocysts of Sarcocystis bovicanis, three become ill and died on days 35, 55, and 59 of a 63-day experiment. No control calves became ill or died. Serum biochemicals and hematologic indicators of hemostasis from both groups were measured throughout the experiment. Creatine phosphokinase values for both groups increased markedly during acute infection. Lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase values were high in infected calves on days 25 to 35 and days 24 to 63, respectively, indicating injury of muscle, liver, or other tissues. Sorbitol dehydrogenase values were significantly higher for infected than for control calves on days 25 and 35, indicating liver injury. Serum bilirubin and blood urea nitrogen values were significantly increased in three anemic infected calves from day 25 or 26 to day 35, probably reflecting destruction of erythrocytes. The fourth infected calf was not anemic and had no hyperbilirubinemia and only minimal azotemia. Serum protein and albumin values decreased in infected calves on days 21 to 30 or 35, when, although hypoalbuminemia persisted, total protein concentration increased. Glucose, calcium, sodium, and chloride values decreased in infected calves slightly before onset of illness and remained low throughout the experiment. Potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus values did not differ between infected and control calves. Activated partial thromboplastin time and Russell's viper venom time were normal; prothrombin time was significantly higher from day 27 to day 49 in infected calves. This pattern was interpreted as evidence for acquired factor VII deficiency. Abnormal retraction of blood clots and enlarged platelets in blood smears, which indicate platelet dysfunction and increased platelet turnover, respectively, were seen on days 27 through 35 in anemic infected calves. Values for thrombin time (three calves) and fibrin degradation product concentration (one calf) increased just before death of the infected calves. PMID- 6789535 TI - [An analysis of stallion fertility based on the number of matings per heat]. AB - The fertility problems were studied in the herd of the English Thoroughbred horse on the Napajedla stud farm. Breeding records for the period from 1880 to 1972 were used as the starting data. The survey comprised 32 stallions. The relationship between fertility and the number of matings was calculated by the chi 2 quantity. The calculated values are highly variable. However, it is generally seen in most of the stallions that the number of matings per heat (i. e. one or several matings) had no significant influence on the pregnancy of mares and on the fertility values of the stallions. A higher variability among the stallions was found both in fertility and in the number of abortions. The evaluation of pregnancy in mares for the period from 1880 to 1972 indicates that its level was significantly higher before World War I than in the post-war period. The results are interpreted in the discussion. PMID- 6789538 TI - Staphylococcal dermatitis of sheep. AB - A condition frequently termed "facial" or "periorbital eczema" has been observed in sheep. Studies carried out indicated no viral involvement but a haemolytic Staphylococcus aureus was isolated which produced severe necrotic skin lesions on inoculation into sheep. A more appropriate term for the condition would appear to be staphylococcal dermatitis. PMID- 6789539 TI - Assessment of renal function in the dog. PMID- 6789541 TI - Bacteriological techniques in the diagnosis of equine genital infections. PMID- 6789540 TI - Bacterioloical examinations of the mare's cervix: techniques and interpretation of results. PMID- 6789542 TI - The piroplasm Theileria ovis detected in sheep in South Wales. PMID- 6789543 TI - Characterisation of Brucella abortus strain 19 cultures isolated from vaccinated cattle. AB - Thirty-four cultures recovered from material of bovine origin in England, Scotland and Wales were identified unequivocally as Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19). All had the properties of carbon dioxide-independent B abortus biotype 1 strains, were inhibited by penicillin G and thionin blue at standard concentrations and behaved in oxidative metabolism and guinea pig virulence tests as typical S19. Their sensitivity to i-erythritol varied somewhat between cultures as did reference subcultures of S19. Of the total number of isolates, 11 were recovered from abortion material or cyetic products, 10 were from calves which died from a hypersensitivity reaction within 24 hours of S19 vaccination and the remainder were from milk or internal organs. From the evidence available, there is little to suggest that calfhood vaccination with S19 has resulted in persistent systemic infection in other than a very small proportion of the animals inoculated. PMID- 6789544 TI - An outbreak of mastitis in a dairy herd due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination of dry-cow therapy at manufacture. PMID- 6789545 TI - Injection of sheep with organic compounds of copper. AB - Subcutaneous injections of up to 6 mg copper per kg body-weight as copper methionate (A) produced no deleterious effects in ewes. When copper was given in the form of copper calcium EDTA (B), deaths occurred within 48 hours of the subcutaneous injection of 3 or 4 mg copper per kg body-weight. There was centrilobular necrosis of the liver, necrosis of kidney tubules and excess fluid in the pleural and peritoneal cavities accompanied by the release of liver specific enzymes and a rise in the concentration of urea and creatinine in serum. The injection of 2 mg copper per kg body-weight produced a liver lesion at 48 hours with similar serum changes but recovery took place. Liver and kidney lesions occurred when the copper was in the form of diethylamine copper oxyquinoline sulphonate (C). In this case deaths occurred after the injection of 4, 3 or 2 mg copper per kg body-weight and liver damage followed by recovery was caused by 1 mg copper per kg body-weight. All compounds produced an increase in copper oxidase activity and in the concentration of copper in serum and whole blood. Compound A produced a slow increase in plasma copper concentration to a plateau between 5 and 10 days. Compounds B and C produced a rapid initial increase in the first few hours. The concentration fell rapidly for 12 or 24 hours and then more gradually. It is suggested that rapidity of absorption and transfer of copper to the liver and kidneys may be responsible for the toxic effects of compounds B and C. PMID- 6789546 TI - Cyanide intoxication in sheep; therapeutics. AB - Various cyanide antidotes were evaluated by comparing the effects of delay in time of therapy following oral administration of sodium cyanide in sheep. Successful therapy of lethal doses of sodium cyanide could be accomplished with the more potent antidotes for up to 30 minutes following administration of sodium cyanide. Either 660 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate or 1 mg/kg p-aminopropriophenone were effective antidotes for moderate lethal doses (7.6 mg/kg) of sodium cyanide. The conventional low dosage nitrite/thiosulfate (6.7 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg) was much less effective. Larger doses (15.2 mg/kg) of sodium cyanide were effectively antagonized by either 660 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate alone or in combination with 1.5 mg/kg p-aminopropriophenone or 22 mg/kg sodium nitrite. At high cyanide dosage, p-aminopropriophenone alone was less effective than sodium thiosulfate alone. Sodium thiosulfate at high dosage appears to be the antidote of choice. This more closely satisfies the requirements of high efficacy and low toxicity for an antidote. Sodium nitrate or other antidotes may be used in conjunction with sodium thiosulfate, but their use is not necessary for high efficacy. PMID- 6789547 TI - [Comparative studies of methods for determining organochlorine insecticides and polychlorinated biphenyls]. AB - The polychlorinated biphenyls are chemical compounds that are similar in their structure and properties to the chlororganic insecticides of the DDT group. The working out of a method for their analysis is important for the veterinary and sanitary inspection of food products of animal origin. Tested were as many as six column-chromatographic methods for the separation of standard solutions of polychlorinated biphenyls (Chlophen A 50 and Chlophen A30) and some chlororganic insecticides. A modified method, based on the method of Snyder et al. was suggested for the separation of these compounds. Much less time was used with it for analysis, and a better reproduction was achieved of the eluted compounds. PMID- 6789549 TI - Seropositivities in posttransfusion hepatitis. PMID- 6789548 TI - [Sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from frozen bull seminal fluid to antibiotics, sulfamides and furazolidone]. AB - A total of 66 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from frozen bull semen were studied with regard to their sensitivity to antibiotics, sulfamides, and furazolidone with the employment of the disk method after Anderson. All strains were found resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, novobiocin, neomycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, oleandomycin, spectam, furazolidone, borgal, tylan, oxacillin, and sulfathiazole. Experiments are carried out to find antibiotics that would have good activity against this species of bacteria. The attention is focused on gentamycin, carbenicillin, and rimactan which inhibit the growth of these strains at a minimal suppressive concentration ranging from 1.5 up to 50 microgram/cm3. Regressive lines have been drawn for these antibiotics. It is suggested to use the graphs of the same lines in the rapid determination of the minimal suppressive concentration of gentamycin, carbenicillin, and rimactan against Ps. aeruginosa strains contaminating the semen of bulls. PMID- 6789551 TI - [Effect of a single administration of cryoprotein and plasma on factor VIII in hemophilia A]. PMID- 6789550 TI - [Experience in the treatment of acute leukemia at the Intensive Hematology Care Unit]. PMID- 6789552 TI - [Immunologic diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6789553 TI - Ripley-like serum and other anti-Rh sera in detection of Fc receptor-bearing human lymphocytes. AB - Three anti-Rh sera useful for the EAhum test were found (one comparable to Ri serum). It was shown that the usefulness of anti-Rh sera for the EAhum test depends on the amount of anti-Rh antibodies absorbed onto red cells demonstrated in the manual antiglobulin test. It does not depend on the quality of antibodies and the ability of complement binding. PMID- 6789554 TI - [External respiratory function in combined therapy of chronic nonspecific lung diseases and the bronchospasm syndrome]. PMID- 6789555 TI - [Metabolism of trace elements and activity of their associated metalloproteins in rheumatism]. PMID- 6789556 TI - [Inhibition of the process of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced DNA break repair in chronically virus-infected human cells]. AB - Inhibition of DNA resynthesis after treatment of cell culture with 4 nitroquinoline-1-oxide was found to be due not to the induction of virus mutants repressing this system but to the selection in the cell population of cells predominantly with partially or completely defective system of reparation, or to the development of cellular reparative system because of the presence of viruses in the cell. In chronic infection of HEp-2 cells with tick-borne encephalitis, rubella, and rabies viruses the same phenomenon was observed, namely, inhibition of different stages of the reparation process, i.e. the mechanism of reparation is universal. PMID- 6789557 TI - Antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Jamaica compared with the United States. PMID- 6789558 TI - [The clinical significance of juxtapapillary diverticula: endoscopic and radiological study (author's transl)]. AB - The significance of duodenal diverticula is studied, in particular with respect to the supposed role of juxtapapillary diverticular in the development of biliary and/or pancreatic diseases. Duodenal diverticula were found in 72 cases with the help of duodenoscopy and ERCP, i.e. in altogether 1% of the patients investigated by upper GI endoscopy. On the basis of their observations and the data reported in the literature, the authors conclude that the pathological role played by juxtapapillary diverticula in the development of biliary and/or pancreatic diseases is by obstructing the pancreatic juice and bile flow. Stones are frequently found in the common bile duct in patients with juxtapapillary diverticula. At biliary surgery the observed diverticulum, which impedes biliary flow, must be taken into consideration, too. In such cases the aim of surgery is to guarantee free biliary flow, without which the operation cannot be considered successful. PMID- 6789560 TI - [Infusion therapy in burns]. PMID- 6789559 TI - [Home-respirator treatment in idiopathic hypoventilation (author's transl)]. AB - A report is given on a 66 years old patient with severe idiopathic hypoventilation. Two years ago the disease had developed rather suddenly with severe hypoventilation during sleep, accompanied by marked hypoxemia and hypercapnia with pCO2-values above 100mm Hg and respiratory acidosis. No pulmonary, cardiac or neurological disease was found. After failure of two attempts of stimulation of the phrenic nerve the patient was admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit and ventilated by a respirator during sleep. After improvement of this general condition he was discharged at first only in the daytime, later he could be discharged fully from the unit, after a respirator had been installed in his home. Now the patient is connecting himself to the respirator during sleep and since 20 months is so in a tolerable condition. The indications for home-respirator treatment are discussed. PMID- 6789561 TI - [Diphenylhydantoin intoxication following the exchange of seemingly equal DPH preparations (author's transl)]. AB - Following replacement of diphenylhydantoin (DPH) medication by a DPH preparation of different manufacture in a 41 years old woman the patient developed in spite of identical dosage clinical symptoms of overdosage which could be confirmed by EEG and determination of serum levels. In healthy volunteers the serum levels after a single oral dose of 300 mg of Epilan D Gerot and Difhydan respectively were compared. Although both preparations contained the acid of DPH significant differences in serum levels were observed. Therefore it must be concluded that the extent of the resorption differs greatly and that galenics plays a major role with regard to the bio-availability of the drug. From this single dose study no conclusions can be drawn, however, to the serum levels in long term therapy. The early clinical manifestations as well as the value of EEG and plasma level determinations in recognition of an overdosage during DPH therapy are discussed. PMID- 6789562 TI - [The value of a reliable growth-medium for culture and transport of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Biocult-GC) (author's transl)]. AB - Biocult-GC is a reliable growth-medium for microbiological culture and diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The growth-medium, corresponding to the dipslide technique, is suitable as well for culture as for transport of Neisseria. A gonococcal infection can be diagnosed by this method in a technically simple procedure and bacteriologically unobjectionable way. PMID- 6789563 TI - WHO expert committee on biological standardization. PMID- 6789564 TI - Heterotopic ossification in an abdominal scar. PMID- 6789565 TI - [Prophylactic and therapeutic intermittent positive pressure breathing with combined therapeutic aerosols (IPPB/I)--functional and morphological effects. I. Functional effects of prophylactic IPPB/I (author's transl)]. AB - Intermittent positive pressure breathing combined with therapeutic aerosol inhalation (IPPB/I) was applied to improve the preoperative respiratory function and to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with carcinoma. No significant improvement in ventilation, arterial PO2, and load-carrying could be shown after prophylactical application of IPPB/I for 7 days. A distinct decrease of arterial PO2 was seen immediately after IPPB/I. Further investigations are necessary to improve the method. PMID- 6789566 TI - [The detection of apolipoproteins AI and B in the liver of patients with and without hyperlipoproteinemia (author's transl)]. AB - Liver sections as well as isolated liver cells from 5 patients with a normal liver and normal serum lipids and patients with familial hyperlipoproteinemia type IIa (n=6), type IIb (n=11), type IV (n=13) and type V (n=2) were studied for the presence of apolipoprotein (apo) AI and B by immunofluorescence technique. At the time of liver biopsy the actual serum concentrations of HDL- and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. In patients without metabolic disturbances apo AI was detectable in hepatocytes in 2 out of 5 cases. Apo B was not found in the liver of these patients. The non-parenchymal liver cells did not show depositions of apoproteins. In the group of 32 patients with hyperlipoproteinemia 6 cases showed in the liver apo AI and 2 cases apo B. The apoproteins exhibited a granular fluorescence pattern in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. There was no correlation between the apoproteins in the liver and the degree of fat depositions in hepatocytes or the concentrations of serum lipids. The results indicate that the fat droplets in hepatocytes of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia represent lipid particles free of apoproteins. The lack of apoproteins in the liver with elevation of lipids in serum can be explained with a disturbed hepatic clearance function for lipoproteins. PMID- 6789567 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of mineral and trace elements. III. Magnesium concentration in whole blood and serum of pregnant women and newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Magnesium is a constitutional or additive component in over 200 enzymes: its significance in physiological or pathophysiological metabolism is therefore considerable. For this reason this element was also included on our program of studies on cation kinetics in pregnant women and in neonates. The results of our analyses of 158 gravid women with normal and toxic pregnancies can be summarized as follows: 1. Compared with the corresponding values for non-pregnant women, the mother's magnesium during a normal pregnancy is reduced up to 9.2% in the serum and, likewise significantly reduced in whole blood up to 7% of normal values. The same conditions apply to the newborn as well. During a pathological pregnancy the magnesium in serum is reduced by 6.3% and in whole blood 6.6% as opposed to non pregnant women. 2. Serum magnesium decline is equally great for primi- as well as multipara. 3. The blood group of the pregnant women is without influence on the magnesium concentration. 4. The rhesus factor has no influence on the course of the magnesium concentration during pregnancy. 5. The reduction of the magnesium values in whole blood is significantly greater for newborn males than for newborn females. 6. A concrete statement about the extent to which magnesium affects the Apgar values cannot be made on the basis of the data analysed in these studies due to the lack of symmetry between the groups to be compared: groups 5-7 to 8 10. Further comparative studies are required for this. 7. Magnesium changes in mother and child correlate with pregnancy toxicoses and other parameters. PMID- 6789568 TI - [Pathobiochemistry of mineral and trace elements. IV Iron concentration in whole blood and serum of pregnant women and newborn (author's transl)]. AB - We determined the iron levels during the 10-40 week of pregnancy in 158 pregnant women to whom no iron supplements had been administered and who had normal pregnancies as well as toxic ones. We also determined the iron levels in 463 mothers during birth and those of their newborn. We obtained the following results. 1. In the course of pregnancy the iron level in the whole blood remains practically constant at the reduced level attained in the first few weeks until the 40th week, while a continuous depression of iron levels occurs in the serum. 2. Iron levels in whole blood are significantly elevated during a normal pregnancy in contrast to a pathological one, but the serum values stay practically identical in both groups. 3. The actual number of pregnancies (primi- or multipara) had no significant influence on the iron levels in either whole blood or serum in both normal or pathological pregnancies. 4. Blood group status had no influence on iron metabolism. 5. With a rhesus positive factor the whole blood level remains unchanged in the blood, but is significantly higher in the serum in comparison to a rhesus negative factor. 6. Comparison of apgar groups 5 7 with 8-10 showed significantly higher iron levels in mature neonates 8-10 only in the case of pathological pregnancy. 7. Sex of the newborn had no effect on the iron concentration in blood drawn from the umbilical cord. 8. Correlation between the iron values in whole blood and those in the serum are ascertainable in the different indications for toxic pregnancy. 9. Patients who had received an iron supplement therapy were excluded from the study. PMID- 6789571 TI - [Pigmented neurofibromatosis of the feet associated with multiple abnormalities]. PMID- 6789570 TI - [Results of scientific and practical tests of lyophilized ascites-free nutrient medium for tissue-culture diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 6789569 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes during long-term monitoring in a case of cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - Electrocardiographic changes in long-term electrocardiogram are described in a patient with inferior myocardial infarction and cardiac rupture. In a monitoring period of more than seven hours, malignant arrhythmias could be diagnosed, which are not specific for cardiac rupture. During the last minutes, sinus bradycardia, slow nodal rhythm, and idioventricular escape rhythm could be diagnosed. PMID- 6789572 TI - Malignant abdominal schwannoma associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. AB - A 4-year-old boy with neurofibromatosis was operated on for abdominal tumor and a malignant Schwannoma adhering to the bladder was completely resected. Four months later he died with multiple liver metastases. The authors comment on the main features of this rate tumor and on the problems of malignancy associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 6789573 TI - Fluorescent technique for macroscopic detection of electrical metallization. AB - A fluorescence method for the detection of trace metals was investigated to visualize in situ latent current marks or electrical metallic traces on cloth. The main electrodes metallization (iron, copper, zinc, aluminum, nickel, chromium, and brass) can be identified by spraying a 0.2% solution of 8 hydroxyquinoline in ethanol followed by observation under shortwave UV light. Advantages and disadvantages of this technique are compared with previously described methods. PMID- 6789574 TI - On recent observations in the rhesus blood group system. I. A weak expression of the Rh antigen e. II. Finding of the rare Rh antigen Cx. AB - Upon testing blood samples for medico-legal purpose, an exceptionally weak expression of the Rhesus antigen e was observed. There is evidence for the phenotype Rh2rh which is rather unusual in white people. Apart from this, the low incidence antigen Cx has been found in two cases. Its mode of reaction with anti C and anti-c sera is described. PMID- 6789575 TI - [Suppression of testicular testosterone production by irradiation of the testis in prostatic cancer]. AB - Irradiation of the tests of 11 patients with carcinoma of the prostate in the age from 68 to 78 years with 20 Gy (5 X 2 Gy per week) decreased the plasma testosterone levels to an average of 70,3% of the initial values. After operative orchidectomy, however, a decrease of the plasma testosterone level to only 5% the values before operation was observed. Therefore, the operative orchidectomy cannot be replaced by the irradiation of the testes. Higher irradiation doses may cause skin injuries and there is the possibility of being a real carcinogen noxe for the irradiation region too. PMID- 6789576 TI - Martin Lerche - in memoriam. PMID- 6789577 TI - [Ketogenesis and rumen function following intraruminal administration of saturated fatty acids (C8, C10, C12) in cattle]. PMID- 6789579 TI - [Glycolytic enzyme pattern of psoas, diaphragm, myocardium, smooth muscle, brain, liver, kidney and erythrocytes of the dog]. PMID- 6789578 TI - The in vitro metabolism of flavonoids by whole rumen contents and its fractions. PMID- 6789580 TI - Lung infarction and epidermoid carcinoma in a dog. PMID- 6789581 TI - Vascular changes as they relate to induced temperature variations of the nasal mucosa in dogs. PMID- 6789582 TI - Evaluation of glyceryl guaiacolate as a muscle relaxant in buffalo calves. PMID- 6789583 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in Austrian bulls and boars. PMID- 6789584 TI - [Chickens as experimental animals in mutation research]. PMID- 6789586 TI - Effects of aspirin treatment upon fibrinolytic activity of peripheral blood granulocytes. AB - The effects of in vivo acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) treatment on the fibrinolytic activity of peripheral blood granulocytes have been studied in a group of healthy volunteers. Following a 4-day treatment with aspirin at a dose of 1 g/day, both the plasminogen-dependent and the nonspecific fibrinolytic activity were significantly decreased. On the contrary, no significant change in the granulocyte fibrinolytic activity was found after treatment with 250 mg ASA/day. It is suggested that the cellular release mechanism of such lytic enzymes rather than their synthesis could have been affected by the drug. PMID- 6789587 TI - Hemoglobin Bart's in Northern Algeria. AB - The hemoglobin patterns of 293 cord bloods from Northern Algeria were examined by electrophoresis on cellulose-acetate strips. A fast-moving component, identified as Hb Bart's, was found in about 10% of the cases. The levels of Hb Bart's ranged from 0.1 to 10% of the total hemoglobin. There was a significant correlation between the Hb Bart's levels and the decrease in MCV. The relative rates of globin chain synthesis measured by 3H-leucine incorporation was estimated in 15 cord bloods. It was found imbalanced in the 5 cord bloods which contained more than 0.5% Hb Bart's. These findings suggest that elevated Hb Bart's levels in the Algerian population are due to the presence of alpha-thalassemia. PMID- 6789585 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the preventive properties of short-acting and delayed-action lithium carbonate in endogenous affective psychoses]. AB - The use of prolonged-action lithium carbonate preparations (quilonormretard and micalite) in 53 patients with manic-depressive psychosis and schizophrenia has shown that those drugs possess pronounced prophylactic properties. An open, two stage control examination of 35 patients has demonstrated an advantage of the prolonged-action lithium carbonate preparations over instant-action ones in preventing relapses of affective and schizoaffective psychoses. Peculiarities of the prolonged-action lithium carbonate preparations on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the disease course are discussed. PMID- 6789588 TI - Urinary colony-stimulating factor in acute leukemia follow-up and correlation with various phases of the disease. AB - Urinary colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was assayed in 19 patients with various leukemias and was monitored in various phases of acute leukemia in 3 patients. Significantly higher CSF levels were found at the onset of leukemia with a monoblastic component. Continuous monitoring of CSF in a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia revealed a decrease in CSF level during the remission phase, followed by a rebound to high levels preceding the clinical and hematological relapse. Concomitantly, a colony-inhibitory factor (CIF) was detected. Both CSF and CIF of this patient were isolated and partially characterized. PMID- 6789589 TI - Ageing of rabbit red cells in vitro: membrane modifications and their possible role in red cell survival in vivo. AB - In vitro incubation induces, in rabbit red cell membranes, significant modifications consisting mainly in a decrease of sialic acid and galactose. In vivo the life span of incubated erythrocytes seems to be correlated to the degree of surface alterations and ATP depletion: larger surface modifications and energy charge reduction induce shorter survival time. It can therefore be postulated that incubation of red cell in vitro can cause an ageing process similar to that occurring physiologically in vivo. PMID- 6789590 TI - Acquired pure red-cell aplasia associated with an increase of T cells bearing receptors for the Fc of IgG. AB - A case of steroid-resistant acquired pure red-cell aplasia associated with a relative and absolute increase of TG cells is described. Removal of T cells enhanced erythroid colony and burst formation in vitro, and it is suggested that TG cells may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this case of acquired pure red cell aplasia. PMID- 6789591 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of dehiscence of a laparotomy wound after a digestive fistula or following intervention for acute pancreatitis]. AB - Fourteen cases of digestive fistulas, complicated by a dehiscence of the laparotomy wound, are described. Ten patients have a single fistula and 4 have multiple digestive fistulas. There were eleven survivors. This represents a mortality of 21.4%. In 9 cases, the spontaneous recovery of the fistulated zone is followed by a losing of the laparotomy wound. In 2 cases, surgical intervention was necessary to permit the recovery of the fistula and of the dehiscence of the laparotomy. The treatment of such patients requires a mean hospitalization in an intensive care ward of about 48 days +/- 25.8 (SD). The authors report the different therapeutic aspects : the nutritional support, the control of the infection and of the locoregional and systemic complications. PMID- 6789592 TI - Maturation value as an indicator of the serum estrogen concentration during treatment with gonadotropins. AB - Smears were taken each day from the middle third of the lateral vaginal wall of 14 infertile women being treated with daily intramuscular injections of human menopausal gonadotropins followed by human chorionic gonadotropins to induce ovulation. Each smear was stained with modified Papanicolaou stain and screened for the maturation index (MI), which was then converted to Meisel's maturation value (MV). In the 23 treatment cycles, the MV of the vaginal smears was compared to daily serum estrogen concentrations. In 7 of the 23 cycles the MV predicted a rise in serum estrogens; in 16, however, the MV did not predict the increasing serum estrogen concentrations. Although determination of the MV is inexpensive, easily obtained and rapidly performed, the cytologic examination of the vaginal epithelium cannot be used to predict the dynamic changes in serum estrogen concentrations during gonadotropin treatment. PMID- 6789593 TI - Dynamic evaluation of prolactin secretion with sulpiride and thyrotrophin releasing hormone in amenorrhoeic and normally menstruating women. AB - Sulpiride and TRH were used to evaluate the dynamics of prolactin (Prl) release in normoprolactinaemic, amenorrhoeic and normally menstruating women. The two tests were performed in a randomomized order with an interval of 2-3 days. In the normal women the first test was carried out between days 2 and 4 of their cycle. Basal values during the two tests were not statistically different (9.6 +/- 1.2 SE vs. 10.7 +/- 1.4 ng/ml in amenorrhoeic women with sulpiride and 11.3 +/- 1.4 vs. 12.4 +/- 1.7 in amenorrhoeic women during the TRH test). The two tests were performed while the subjects of the two groups had identical serum oestrogen concentrations. The Prl response following TRH administration was similar in both groups (delta max mean 49.5 +/- 12.5 SE and 49.4+/- 8.5 SE in normal and amenorrhoeic women, respectively). In contast, when release by sulpiride administration was studied the normal women had greater Prl release (delta max mean 169.9 +/- 18.2 SE) than amenorrhoeic women (delta max mean 99.8 +/- 9.4). Either the different oestrogen status (lower in amenorrhoeic women than in menstruating women) or the hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction likely to be responsible for the amenorrhoea in our patients, may explain the lower Prl release observed after sulpiride in subjects with amenorrhoea. PMID- 6789595 TI - Postmortem activity of respiratory enzymes in human brain. AB - Post-mortem changes in the activity of various cerebral dehydrogenases have been investigated in 41 human brains. Histoenzymatic examinations were conducted 1, 4, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h after clinically established death. The results have shown that the individual dehydrogenase become inactivated by the post-mortem processes at different rates. Succinate and lactate dehydrogenase activities were lost at first rate, followed by glucose-6-phosphate and beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and then by isocitrate and NADH and NADPH dependent reductases, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase remained active for the longest period after death. The structural sequence of the post mortem loss of respiratory enzymes in the human brain was opposite to that at which these enzymes appeared during ontogenic development. The topography of the post mortem inactivation of cerebral dehydrogenases instead was adverse to the order of constitution of the individual parts of the CNS in the course of phylogenetic development. PMID- 6789594 TI - Syndrome of 'inappropriate secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone' by partial target organ resistance to thyroid hormones. AB - A 74 year old woman was found to have elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and elevated serum thyroid hormone levels, with clinical euthyroidism. There was no evidence of a pituitary tumor. TSH levels increased substantially during methimazole therapy. Administration of dexamethasone was followed by a prompt fall in serum TSH levels. Triiodothyronine (T3) was administered over a period of 20 days in doses from 25 micrograms to as much as 100 micrograms daily causing a rise in serum T3 above 700 ng/100 ml, a decline of T4 and a blunting of the response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), with normal metabolic responses (pulse rate, photomotogram, cholesterol). These results suggest that the patient's disorder is due to partial target organ resistance to thyroid hormones. PMID- 6789596 TI - Cytochemical localization of adenylate-cyclase in embryonic mouse molars. AB - The cytochemical method of HOWELL and WHITFIELD (1972) and the revised cytochemical medium of KEMPEN et al. (1978) has been used to investigate the localization of adenylate-cyclase activity in 18, 19 and 20 day old first embryonic mandibular molars. Membrane associated precipitate granules were observed in preameloblasts and odontoblasts localized in the area where preodontoblasts become post-mitotic. Heat inactived teeth and the samples incubated in media without substrate were negative for membrane bound lead deposits. A correlation may exist between high adenylate-cyclase activity and the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts. PMID- 6789597 TI - Glycogen synthase of Schistosoma mansoni: a preliminary report. PMID- 6789601 TI - [Significance of a histo-clinical comparison in the diagnosis of leprosy. An evaluation based on 191 newly diagnosed patients]. PMID- 6789598 TI - Dense bodies in bronchiolar ciliated cells of rats. PMID- 6789599 TI - [In honor of Dr. Maurice Gilbert]. PMID- 6789600 TI - Hydrocarbons of petroleum: ideal substance for mycobacteria. PMID- 6789602 TI - [Electrophorectic study of the serum proteins and IgG, IgA and IgM values in the senegalese leprous subject]. PMID- 6789603 TI - Comparison of allergic reaction between paratuberculin P.P.D. heat killed M. paratuberculosis and lepromin in leprosy patients in Iran. PMID- 6789604 TI - [The biology of the African leprosy patient. Apropos of 442 cases]. PMID- 6789605 TI - Herpetic endothelial keratitis. A case report. AB - Corneal endothelial reaction on a 60-year-old male with acute anterior uveitis following typical dendritic keratitis was studied by bio- and specular microscopes. The epithelial dendritic ulcer of the left cornea healed within 10 days with topical trifluorothymidin treatment. Six weeks later the same eye became red and painful and anterior uveitis was diagnosed. Changes in the endothelium suggested that endothelitis was also present. The non-reflecting black endothelial areas were documented as a new sign, by specular microscopy. The black areas disappeared in 3 days with topical trifluorothymidin and corticosteroid treatment. The pathomechanism of these transient black areas is discussed. PMID- 6789606 TI - Microbiological studies of the bacterial flora of the external auditory canal in children. AB - The aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora of the external auditory canal (EAC) was studied in 72 children. Aerobes only were isolated in 58 patients (80%) and anaerobic bacteria only in 2 (3%). Mixed aerobic and anaerobic isolates were recovered in 12 cases (17%). There were 122 aerobic and 15 anaerobic isolates accounting for 1.7 aerobes and 0.2 anaerobes per specimen. The most common aerobic isolates were Staphylococcus epidermidis (56 isolates), alpha hemolytic streptococcus (13) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (8). The two anaerobic organisms recovered were Proprionibacterium acnes (13 isolates) and Peptococcus sp. (2). These findings demonstrate the polymicrobial bacterial flora of EAC in children where aerobic facultative and anaerobic bacteria are part of the normal flora. PMID- 6789608 TI - Encephalitozoonosis in the blue fox--morphological identification of the parasite. AB - Microsporidian organisms causing great losses among young blue foxes (alopex lagopus) were isolated and propagated in monolayer cell cultures and examined by transmission- and scanning electron microscopy. The parasite was found to fulfil the criteria set up for the genus Encephalitozoon and the ultrastructural findings indicated that the parasite was morphologically identical to Encephalitozoon cuniculi previously isolated from some other mammalian species. Terminal vesicles on the extruded polar filaments seen on scanning electron micrographs were discussed to be similar formation as described for the microsporidian Nosema michaelis. PMID- 6789607 TI - Primary cerebral malignant lymphoma with macroglobulinemia and carcinoma of the colon. AB - A case of primary cerebral malignant lymphoma, immunoblastic type was reported. The immunoelectrophoresis of the patient serum showed an abnormal bow of IgM lambda type. Autopsy revealed that the cerebral lymphoma showed no extracranial spread except for adenocarcinoma of the colon with hepatic metastasis. Ultrastracturally, some of the lymphoma cells showed plasmacytoid differentiation. Immunoperoxidase study showed intracytoplasmic polyclonal immunoglobulins in non-neoplastic plasma cells around the colonic carcinoma, in the bone marrows, and spleen. However, neither IgM nor lambda light chain was found in the cerebral lymphoma cells. The source of the macroglobulinemia in this case was discussed. PMID- 6789609 TI - Staphylococci producing a non-immune precipitation line with human serum. AB - When grown on brain heart agar plates, Staphylococcus capitis, S. warneri and S. xylosus produced a precipitation line with normal human serum in the double diffusion test. Eight other staphylococcal species did not produce this line. Of 20 strains of S. capitis, all produced the precipitation line, and the type strain of S. capitis produced the precipitation line against the sera from eight animal species. The precipitation is not caused by protein A and it is not an immune reaction because the serum component is in the albumin fraction of serum when fractionated on Sephadex G-200. PMID- 6789610 TI - Diffusion-in-gel enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica O:3. AB - The Diffusion-In-Gel Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (DIG-ELISA) is a new and simple method for the quantitation of antibodies to diffuse from wells in gel in petri dishes and absorb to an antigen coated to the plastic surface prior to testing. The antigen-antibody reaction is visualized with horseradish-peroxidase conjugated class-specific anti-immunoglobulins. The DIG-ELISA permits detection of 0.1 microns/ml of specific antibodies. This method was used to determine the IgG, IgA and IgM antibody levels to Yersinia enterocolitica O:3 in sera from patients with antibody titres to this microorganism, as determined by direct agglutination and complement-fixation test. The DIG-ELISA IgG antibody values, in contrast to IgA and IgM, correlated well to titres obtained by the direct agglutination method. Low degrees of correlations were found for all three immunoglobulin classes when compared to the complement fixation test. PMID- 6789611 TI - Detection of Yersinia enterocolitica O-antigens by double diffusion in agar and chemical characterization of lipopolysaccharides. AB - Double diffusion in agar showed that yersinia enterocolitica O-serotypes 3, 7, 8 and 9 each contained a type-specific precipitinogen. Serotype 6 contained several specific precipitinogens and was heterogeneous. The type-specific precipitinogens were shown to be lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Acid hydrolysis of the isolated LPS followed by gel filtration separated the material into two peaks, the first of which contained the serologically active fractions. The active fraction of serotype 3 contained relatively large amounts of a terminally linked deoxyhexose, probably 6-deoxy-L-altrose. Fucose was found to be present in serotype 7. PMID- 6789612 TI - [Experimental studies on chemotherapeutic effects and toxicities of a new antimalarial drug 7351 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789613 TI - [Study of antiradiation drugs. III. Synthesis of some tertiary amino derivatives of 1,2-dithiolane (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789614 TI - A simple procedure for isolation and purification of A-type staphylococcus enterotoxin. AB - A new procedure is presented for the isolation and purification of A-type staphylococcus enterotoxin. Homogeneous enterotoxin preparation was obtained by purification in 2 phases. In radial double agar-gel immunodiffusion the smallest precipitating dose of the isolated and purified enterotoxin was found to be 1.4 0.7 micrograms protein and 0.4-0.1 micrograms nitrogen. In cat experiments the dose giving a positive reaction was 2 micrograms protein or 0.5 micrograms nitrogen calculated for kg body weight. PMID- 6789615 TI - Isolation and mutation of cellulolytic fungi. AB - Nineteen fungi were isolated from different soil samples on the basis of clear zones formed on Rose Bengal Cellulose agar medium. In shake flasks th isolate K1 gave 12.1 units/ml of CMCase activity. A mutant of the isolate K1, KM7, was selected after N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine treatment of the wild-type. This mutant differed morphologically from the parent strain on RBCA medium and gave 36.2 units/ml of CMCase activity which represented about 50% of the enzyme yield from the standard organism, Trichoderma viride QM 9414 (80 units/ml of CMCase activity). The isolate K1, which was identified as a Phoma species, produced 48 units of beta-glucosidase. The yield of beta-glucosidase was increased about 8-fold in the mutant KM7 and was about 68% higher than the level found in T. viride QM 9414. PMID- 6789616 TI - [Atopic urticaria. Treatment]. PMID- 6789617 TI - [Zinc-deficiency dermatitis caused by parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6789618 TI - High affinity uptake of taurine and beta-alanine--a mechanism involved in neuronal differentiation? PMID- 6789619 TI - Heat-inactivated Brucella suspensions as modulators of hosts' defence against tumour. (Short communication). PMID- 6789620 TI - Virus-like particles in tumors of the mucosa of the ethmoid in Indian cattle. PMID- 6789621 TI - Glutaraldehyde and formol-gel tests in bovine traumatic peritonitis. PMID- 6789622 TI - Dual-energy projection radiography: initial clinical experience. PMID- 6789623 TI - Detecting lymphatic metastases from prostatic carcinoma: superiority of CT. AB - CT scanning was performed on 29 consecutive patients with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma (stage A or B). Bipedal lymphangiography was performed in 12 cases. Histologic confirmation was obtained in 15 cases (pelvic lymphadenectomy in 12 and positive percutaneous needle biopsy in three). In these 15 proven cases, the overall accuracy of CT was 93% with one false positive and no false negatives. Lymphangiography was far less accurate (55%) with two false positives and three false negatives in 11 proven cases. The greater accuracy of CT resulted primarily from its ability to detect abnormal nodes in the pelvis, particularly hypogastric nodes, which are rarely opacified by lymphangiography. Preliminary experience suggests that CT is superior to lymphangiography in detecting early lymphatic spread from prostatic carcinoma in the pelvis. In the future, CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy should be useful for documenting metastases in these patients. PMID- 6789624 TI - Sellar contour: anatomic-polytomographic correlation. PMID- 6789625 TI - Intraluminal pressure measurements during barium enema: full column vs. air contrast. AB - Intraluminal pressure measurements were made during enema examination of 10 patients undergoing full column studies and 10 patients receiving air-contrast studies. There was no significant difference between the pressure in the distal colon of the two groups. All pressures were less than those produced by Valsalva maneuver or straight leg raising, and were generally less than those previously found to be necessary to rupture the colon. The authors believe that the findings should dispel any fear that an air-contrast examination is more hazardous than a full column study. Perforations occurring during these procedures are more likely related to disease of the colon wall or local trauma. PMID- 6789626 TI - Whitaker test after pyeloplasty: establishment of normal ureteral perfusion pressures. AB - Twenty-seven patients underwent percutaneous ureteral perfusion after successful surgical repair of ureteropelvic junction obstruction in order to determine the perfusion pressures in ureters without obstruction. In each patient, the postoperative ureteropelvic junction appeared widely patent and the rest of the ureter appeared entirely normal. Ureteral perfusion was performed via percutaneous puncture of the collecting system; the pressure in the pelvis was measured through this needle and bladder pressure was monitored through a urethral catheter. "Absolute" (renal pelvic) and "differential" (renal pelvic minus bladder) pressures were measured at 10, 15, and 20 ml/min perfusion rates. Absolute and differential pressures rose as the perfusion rates increased; absolute pressure rose but differential pressure fell as the bladder was filled. The upper limit of normal differential pressure encountered with the bladder empty was 13 cm of water during perfusion at 10 ml/min. PMID- 6789627 TI - Contributions of the radiographic image to our knowledge of human growth. AB - Radiography has brought about marked advances in our knowledge of human growth offering information on sequence and timing as well as changes in dimensions and proportions and segmental and "relative" growth. Not only has it been possible to measure growth rates and changes in relative rates at the two ends of a single bone and in homologous bones across the body axis, but it has also been practical to measure rates of bone loss (due to malnutrition and malabsorption) in the presence of simultaneous bone gain. Careful and detailed analysis of the radiographic image, the use of radiogrammetric techniques and extension of the same techniques to the fetal skeleton has afforded new knowledge on continuing growth throughout the life span and on the earliest (fetal) attainment of adult bone shapes and proportions. PMID- 6789628 TI - Bone changes in phenylketonuria reassessed. PMID- 6789629 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants: accuracy in sonographic evaluation. AB - The real-time high resolution mechanical sonographic sector scanner is a convenient and useful instrument for the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Experience with 27 infants with intracranial hemorrhage detected by sonography and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or by autopsy is analyzed. The severity of the hemorrhage shown by those methods was graded by an accepted classification for standardized reporting. The extent of intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage was accurately assessed by sonography in all cases except for small amounts of blood in normal sized ventricles in five of 12 instances. Sonography also failed to detect subarachnoid hemorrhage in each of 13 cases. There were no known false-positive sonograms. From this experience the authors believe sonographic sector scanning should be the initial examination in all infants at high risk for intracranial hemorrhage. When the ventricles are of normal size, CT scanning is recommended to search for small intraventricular hemorrhage that may not be detected by sonography. For subarachnoid bleeding, CT is preferable to sonography. PMID- 6789630 TI - Management of solid tumors in children: contribution of computed tomography. AB - To evaluate the impact of computed tomography (CT) on therapeutic management decisions in solid tumors of the chest and abdomen, 92 examinations on 54 children with 13 histologic tumor types were analyzed. The CT impact on the management decisions was analyzed in relation to other diagnostic procedures of the same body part including sonography, chest films with tomography, abdominal/pelvic films, and excretory urography. Overall, CT provided the essential information of 47% of management decision. By confirming non-CT examination results it helped direct therapeutic decisions in 28%. No additional information was derived from CT in 20%. Technically poor studies in 5% resulted in CT errors. According to the procedural method, CT provided additional information in 42% when compared with sonography, in 38% when compared with chest films and tomography, in 41% when compared with abdominal/pelvic films, and in 27% when compared with intravenous urography. The investigation showed that CT provided information directly affecting the therapeutic management decision in a significant number of patients. PMID- 6789631 TI - Acute focal bacterial nephritis in children: significance of ureteral reflux. PMID- 6789632 TI - Sonography of fetal urinary tract anomalies. AB - Experience with 13 cases and a review of 41 cases in English literature indicate that anomalous development of the fetal urinary system can be detected in utero using sonography. Anomalies not compatible with extrauterine life (bilateral renal agenesis, infantile polycystic and bilateral multicystic kidney disease) have distinctive sonographic features that can be detected early enough to allow elective termination. Megacystis, either as a primary finding or secondary to urethral obstruction, can be detected and usually portends a poor fetal outcome. Obstruction at the ureterovesical junction has a distinctive sonographic appearance, but ureteropelvic junction obstruction cannot be differentiated from some cystic renal lesions, particularly when it is unilateral. Even when a precise diagnosis cannot be established in utero, the detection of a fetal renal anomaly may significantly affect obstetric and neonatal management of the benefit of both mother and fetus. PMID- 6789633 TI - Intralesional BCG injection of pulmonary neoplasms: radiographic findings. AB - A clinical trial has been established to evaluate the use of intralesional bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy as an adjunct to surgery in resectable pulmonary neoplasms. BCG was injected percutaneously under fluoroscopic guidance into a single nodule in each of 21 patients with resectable primary and metastatic pulmonary neoplasms. Eighteen of 21 infected nodules increased in size and nine became poorly defined in the 2-4 week interval between BCG administration and resection. There was no change in those nodules that were not injected. The changes in the injected nodules were due to BCG-induced granulomatous inflammation and necrosis. BCG can be administered intralesionally into pulmonary neoplasms without significant complications (pneumothorax in nine, intrapleural injection in one). Preliminary observations suggest an improvement in disease-free interval. A prospective, randomized trial is planned to determine whether BCG immunotherapy will result in significantly improved survival in patients with primary and metastatic pulmonary neoplasms. PMID- 6789634 TI - Progressive systemic sclerosis subgroups: variable pulmonary features. AB - Evidence has accumulated which enables subdivision of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) into three categories: (1) classic progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS); (2) the CRST/CREST syndrome; or (3) overlap syndromes. Previous reports of the chest film manifestations of PSS have used only the broad category of scleroderma without subdivision. This study analyzed the chest film manifestations of 73 PSS patients which have been subgrouped. Radiographic abnormalities, either interstitial lung disease or pleural effusion, were present as follows: PSS, 18% (8/44); CRST/CREST, 0% (0/9); and PSS-overlap, 75% (15/20). Interstitial lung diseases in the PSS-overlap group was usually basilar and of mild severity on the initial chest film obtained. While the classic PSS group had a very much lower incidence of lung disease, it was usually more diffuse and severe. PMID- 6789635 TI - CT of malignant pleural mesothelioma. AB - Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor. Although the chest film findings of pleural mesothelioma are well described, there are few descriptions of the findings of computed tomography (CT). This report describes the CT findings in five cases of pleural mesothelioma. In each case the CT showed an extensive, irregular, pleural-based mass surrounding the lung, spreading into the fissures, and extending into the mediastinum. In two cases there was also extension into the contralateral chest, and in one case each there was extension into the abdomen and chest wall. In each case the chest radiographs underestimated the extent of disease, when compared to CT. When an irregular, pleural-based mass involving most of the hemithorax is identified on CT, the diagnosis of mesothelioma can be suggested and at the same time the extent of the tumor may be evaluated. This is important because the diagnosis of mesothelioma is difficult and because treatment and prognosis may depend on the extent of the disease. PMID- 6789636 TI - Metastatic melanoma in the thorax: report of 130 patients. AB - Early detection of metastatic melanoma has become more important as newer and more effective therapeutic regimens are used. Between 1970 and 1980, 1,600 patients were treated at one institution for malignant melanoma. Of these, 260 (16.3%) developed thoracic metastasis. Satisfactory chest radiographs were available for analysis in 130 of 260 patients. The patterns of the intrathoracic metastasis include multiple pulmonary nodules (52 patients), solitary nodule (26), miliary pattern (two), mediastinal and/or hilar adenopathy (nine), pleural effusion (three), lytic bony lesions (one), extra-pleural mass (one), and combined lesions (36). Both the staging of melanoma and the radiographic pattern of thoracic metastasis seemed to prognosticate the survival rate of these patients. Miliary metastasis and bone destruction implied a grave prognosis. Patients with a solitary lung nodule had the best survival experience. Immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery of selected distal metastases significantly improved the survival of most of these patients. PMID- 6789637 TI - The apical cap. AB - Apical caps, either unilateral or bilateral, are a common feature of advancing age and are usually the result of subpleural scarring unassociated with other diseases. Pancoast (superior sulcus) tumors are a well recognized cause of unilateral asymmetric apical density. Other lesions arising in the lung, pleura, or extrapleural space may produce unilateral or bilateral apical caps. These include: (1) inflammatory: tuberculosis and extrapleural abscesses extending from the neck; (2) post radiation fibrosis after mantle therapy for Hodgkin disease or supraclavicular radiation in the treatment of breast carcinoma; (3) neoplasm: lymphoma extending from the neck or mediastinum, superior sulcus bronchogenic carcinoma, and metastases; (4) traumatic: extrapleural dissection of blood from a ruptured aorta, fractures of the ribs or spine, or hemorrhage due to subclavian line placement; (5) vascular: coarctation of the aorta with dilated collaterals over the apex, fistula between the subclavian artery and vein; and (6) miscellaneous: mediastinal lipomatosis with subcostal fat extending over the apices. PMID- 6789638 TI - Colorectal carcinoma missed on double contrast barium enema study: a problem in perception. AB - A total of 31 cases of primary colorectal carcinoma missed on double contrast barium enema studies over a 5 year period (1976-1980) were collected from six institutions, and the causes of error reviewed. The errors were purely perceptive in 52%, due to a combination of perceptive and technical factors in 32%, and interpretative in 6%. The most common perceptive mistakes were failure to recognize a filling defect in the barium pool and failure to detect the tumor en face in double contrast study. Five cases were only detected at the time of the study as a result of double reading. Ten percent of the lesions could not be seen in retrospect, and therefore can be attributed to failure of the technique itself. At four of the institutions, the double contrast barium enema study missed 11 (6%) of 197 primary colorectal carcinomas. The lesion was invisible in retrospect in only two (1%) of these 197 studies, indicating that the double contrast examination is potentially highly sensitive for detecting colorectal carcinoma. The mainly perceptive nature of the errors indicates the need for more careful viewing of double contrast barium enemas. Familiarity with the different appearances of colorectal carcinoma on double contrast study, together with double-reading by the same or different observers, should reduce the incidence of missed lesions. PMID- 6789639 TI - Double-contrast radiography: colonic inflammatory disease. AB - Double-contrast examination and proctosigmoidoscopy were performed in 240 patients with ulcerative colitis and 60 patients with granulomatous colitis. Both examinations were evaluated for accuracy of detection of disease, accuracy of classification of disease, and the ability of one examination to add information not gained by the other. Endoscopy was more sensitive than double-contrast examination in detection of disease of the distal colon and rectum in 18% of cases of ulcerative colitis and 17% of cases of granulomatous colitis. Double contrast examination was more specific than proctosigmoidoscopy in differentiation of disease in cases of ulcerative colitis; endoscopy incorrectly classified 11% of cases as granulomatous colitis, and double-contrast examination misclassified only one case (less than 1%). Neither examination misclassified a case of granulomatous colitis as ulcerative colitis. Finally, double-contrast examination demonstrated disease proximal to the range of the proctosigmoidoscope of a greater severity than that seen endoscopically in 24% of patients with ulcerative colitis and 70% of patients with granulomatous colitis. Radiographic variations in disease presentation occasionally caused difficulty in classification. Double-contrast examination and proctosigmoidoscopy are complementary, and both should be used in evaluating patients with inflammatory disease of the colon. PMID- 6789640 TI - Contrast enemas in cystic fibrosis: implications of appendiceal nonfilling. AB - In patients with abdominal pain and suspected appendicitis, contrast examinations of the colon suggest appendicitis when there is lack of filling of the appendix, and a cecal filling defect. Complete opacification of the appendiceal lumen tends to exclude this diagnosis. In cystic fibrosis, however, the incidence and importance of these findings are unknown. The colon examinations of 29 cystic fibrosis patients who had surgery or long-term follow-up were reviewed. Some degree of appendiceal filling occurred in seven patients. Five had normal appendices of laparotomy; two were discharged. The appendices of the other 22 patients failed to fill and there were 10 cecal filling defects. Appendicitis was shown by laparotomy in only four of these patients. Although appendiceal filling indicated lack of appendicitis as in other patients, lack of visualization of the appendix is not a reliable sign of appendicitis in cystic fibrosis. Histologic studies indicate that nonfilling is frequently related to mucus plugging of the lumen. PMID- 6789641 TI - Acute cholecystitis: sonographic-pathologic analysis. AB - The study was performed to assess the pathogenic basis of sonographically demonstrable changes in the gallbladder wall in acute cholecystitis in an attempt to predict the degree of inflammation and to define a set of sonographic criteria for the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. Sonograms in a control group of 30 patients (group A) without biliary tract symptoms, ascites, or cholelithiasis and 24 patients (group B) with proven diagnosis of acute cholecystitis were reviewed. The histologic sections of the gallbladder wall in the cholecystitis patients were correlated with sonographic findings. None of the gallbladders showed perforation at the time of pathologic evaluation. Data failed to show a correlation between the pathologic severity of the inflammatory process in the gallbladder wall and the degree of sonographic wall thickening and wall anechoicity. Of patients with acute cholecystitis, 70% met all of the following sonographic criteria: (1) gallbladder wallthickening of 5 mm or greater, (2) gallbladder wall anechoicity, (3) gallbladder distension, as determined by an external anteroposterior width of 4 cm or greater, and (4) cholelithiasis. PMID- 6789642 TI - CT detection of duodenal perforation. PMID- 6789643 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma of the abdomen: radiographic spectrum. AB - Abdominal manifestations of histiocytic lymphoma were reviewed in 112 patients who had at least a 2-year follow-up period or had died. In 70% abdominal histiocytic lymphoma was found and in 29% histiocytic lymphoma was initially limited to the abdomen. Localized abdominal histiocytic lymphoma presented as (1) intrinsic disease of the stomach, (2) pancreatic/peripancreatic masses, (3) high aortic lymphadenopathy, (4) mesenteric masses associated with small bowel infiltration, and (5) intrinsic ileocolic masses. When all patients with abdominal histiocytic lymphoma are considered, computed tomography was positive in 87%, lymphography in 86%, upper gastrointestinal barium examination in 50%, excretory urography in 38%, and barium enema in 25%. The extent of abdominal histiocytic lymphoma was more accurately assessed with computed tomography than any other radiologic examination including lymphography. Computed tomography seems to be the radiologic examination of choice in the staging of abdominal histiocytic lymphoma; the other examinations should be used when specific symptoms are present or when the computed tomographic findings are equivocal. PMID- 6789644 TI - Dynamic CT of the normal spleen. PMID- 6789645 TI - Contrast enhancement in abdominal CT: bolus vs. infusion. AB - The accuracy of in vivo iodine estimations by CT in the aortic blood was determined in the dog. Iodine wash-out curves of five patients each receiving either a bolus of 100 ml diatrizoate 60% or a 10 min infusion of 300 ml diatrizoate 30% and 138 nonenhanced abdominal CT scans with various lesions in 104 patients were analyzed. This investigation suggests: (1) In vivo estimations of iodine concentrations are subject to considerable variation. (2) Iodine accumulation and wash-out for a given contrast administration mode are similar in liver, spleen, and pancreas with tissue iodine concentrations always below blood iodine concentrations, while a significant iodine concentration above iodine blood levels is found in the renal parenchyma. (3) If contrast enhancement is analyzed separately for bolus effect (arteriovenous iodine difference [AVID] greater than 30 H), nonequilibrium phase (AVID 10-30 H) and equilibrium phase (AVID less than 10 H), a good correlation between aortic blood and tissue iodine concentration is found for the latter two phases in the kidney, liver, and spleen which is independent of the contrast administration mode. (4) Visualization of all focal (cystic and solid) lesions is improved in the kidneys after contrast enhancement, while in the other investigated abdominal organs only cystic lesions are always better visualized on the enhanced scan regardless of contrast material dose, administration mode, and time of scanning. (5) Improved visualization of a solid lesion in liver, spleen, and pancreas is most likely achieved by scanning during bolus effect and the nonequilibrium phase, that is, within the first 2 min after a contrast material bolus or during a contrast material infusion. The chance to conceal a lesion in these organs increases significantly when performed at a later stage after contrast administration, that is, in the equilibrium phase. PMID- 6789646 TI - Organ hyperthermia: experimental selective perfusion. AB - The technical feasibility of selectively changing internal organ temperatures using balloon catheter perfusion was investigated. The liver or kidney temperatures were measured during the perfusion of cold or heated saline or preheated blood into the afferent vessels. Hyperthermic perfusion of the renal artery distal to an occlusion balloon catheter raised the kidney temperature to 43 degrees C. The hepatic arterial perfusion caused small changes in the liver temperature, whereas, with portal venous perfusion, the liver could be heated to 43 degrees C. Selective heating of the left hepatic lobe could be achieved by selective perfusion of the left portal vein. The potential therapeutic application of this technique is described. PMID- 6789647 TI - Diagnosis of popliteal cyst: double-contrast arthrography and sonography. AB - One hundred consecutive patients who had trauma to the knee were examined by sonography and double-contrast arthrography to evaluate the presence or absence of popliteal cyst. In 58 cases both tests were negative, while in 15 both were positive. Each of those 15 patients had pain and/or a palpable mass behind the knee. In 27 remaining patients the arthrogram demonstrated a popliteal cyst that was not detected on the sonogram. None of the 27 patients complained of pain in the popliteal fossa or had a palpable mass in the area. The sonographic findings, however, showed good correlation with these clinical symptoms. This paper attempts to analyze these discrepancies and to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method. PMID- 6789649 TI - Pseudopneumoperitoneum due to subphrenic fat. PMID- 6789648 TI - Detecting and localizing peripheral arterial disease: assessment of 201Tl scintigraphy. AB - Detection and localization of peripheral arterial disease was evaluated by intravenous injection of 201Tl at peak exercise in 22 subjects. Images of the gluteals (G), thighs (T), knees (K), and calves (C) were obtained at exercise and after a 3 hr delay, and stored in a computer, interextremity (T/T and C/C) and intraextremity (G/T, T/C, T/K) counts ratios were calculated. Normal values were defined in 11 control subjects and compared with those obtained in 11 patients with angiographically proven peripheral arterial disease. Bilateral disease was detected scintigraphically in all patients. T/T and G/T ratios correctly predicted proximal disease in nine of 12 limbs, while C/C, T/C, T/K ratios correctly predicted distal disease in 21 of 21 involved limbs. Delay images 3 hr after stress generally reverted towards the norm. Objective systematic evaluation of limb isotope uptake permits accurate detection and localization of peripheral arterial disease. Method accuracy compares favorably with physical signs and with other noninvasive methods of detection of peripheral vascular disease. Scintigraphy presents advantages which indicate great clinical potential. PMID- 6789650 TI - Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by hepatic torsion. PMID- 6789651 TI - Triad of anorectal, sacral, and presacral anomalies. PMID- 6789652 TI - Sonography of ovarian involvement in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6789653 TI - Calcified pulmonary nodules in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6789654 TI - Complete gastric duplication. PMID- 6789655 TI - Persistent endotracheal tube cuff overdistension: a sign of tracheomalacia. PMID- 6789656 TI - Embolization of a Blalock-Taussig shunt in a child. PMID- 6789657 TI - Programmed calculation of cardiac size. PMID- 6789658 TI - Catheter/needle assembly for drainage of fluid collections. PMID- 6789659 TI - 1981 ARRS presidential address: the radiology shop. PMID- 6789660 TI - Imaging in splenic trauma: scintigraphy or CT. PMID- 6789661 TI - Hyperviscosity syndrome in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6789662 TI - Alkalosis-induced coronary vasoconstriction: effects of calcium, diltiazem, nitroglycerin, and propranolol. AB - We examined the effects of changes in pH, Ca2+ concentration, diltiazem, nitroglycerin, and propranolol on the vascular tone of the isolated rabbit coronary artery. Stepwise increase in pH of the bath fluid caused pH-dependent increased vascular tone. Increase in Ca2+ concentration of the bath fluid also resulted in increased vascular tone, while removal of Ca2+ abolished the high pH induced elevated vascular tone. Diltiazem and nitroglycerin suppressed the high pH-induced increased vascular tone. Propranolol in high concentrations exhibited a direct inhibitory effect on the high pH-induced increased vascular tone. We conclude that high pH induces coronary vasoconstriction principally by increasing transmembrane influx of Ca2+ and that diltiazem and nitroglycerin suppress this action. PMID- 6789663 TI - Long-term care section adopts drug therapy monitoring guidelines. PMID- 6789664 TI - Jejunal macromolecular absorption and bile salt deconjugation in protein-energy malnourished rats. AB - The combined stress of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and exposure of the jejunum to pathophysiological (0.5 mM) levels of a bacterial metabolite, deconjugated bile salts, led to alterations not apparent with either stress alone. Perfusion of the jejunum of PEM rats with 0.5 mM deoxycholate (DCh) and a 40,000 dalton macromolecular tracer, horseradish peroxidase, led to higher serum horseradish peroxidase levels than were seen in PEM rats not exposed to DCh or in well-nourished controls treated with DCh. Semiquantitative cytochemical analysis indicated an increased number of villi with horseradish peroxidase penetration in PEM rats treated with 0.5 mM DCh. DCh perfusion of PEM rats also produced fine structural damage to epithelial cells not apparent in other preparations. And, perfusion with 0.5 mM cholate only produced sodium secretion in PEM rats. These observations in an animal model of PEM suggest that malnourished children with a colonic type of bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel may attain increased levels of foreign antigens or toxins from the intestinal lumen. PMID- 6789665 TI - Utilization and metabolic effects of a conventional and a single-solution regimen in postoperative total parenteral nutrition. AB - A comparison was made of the effects of two intravenous regimens for postoperative total parenteral nutrition, namely, a conventional (control) regimen (group I) and a single-solution regimen of the same composition (group II). The effects examined were: hemoglobin concentration, prothrombin time, serum protein and electrolyte concentrations, and nitrogen and electrolyte balances. The 18 patients undergoing abdominal surgery were allocated at random to the two groups and the experiment was run for 3 days. During the day of the operation and the next 3 days both groups showed a decrease in the hemoglobin concentration and in the serum levels of iron, albumin, transferrin and cholesterol, while the asparagine aminotransferase increased. During total parenteral nutrition the prothrombin time and erythrocyte sedimentation rate increased in both groups. The nitrogen balance improved gradually in both groups and on the 3rd day was positive in group II. The calcium and magnesium balances indicated a higher retention and the phosphate balance a lower retention of these ions in group II than in group I. The urinary phosphate excretion rate during total parenteral nutrition decreased in both groups. This study indicates that the single-solution regimens used in intravenous nutrition caused no adverse metabolic effects and was used as efficiently as a conventional regimen in the early postoperative period. PMID- 6789666 TI - Arterial blood gas standards for healthy young nonsmoking subjects. AB - Arterial blood gas analysis has become indispensable for precise physiologic assessment of many lung and heart conditions. Previous studies have related the level of arterial oxygenation to age, smoking habits, and the severity of lung or heart dysfunction. However, no study has reported complete normal blood gas values under all conditions most commonly used by cardiopulmonary laboratories to assess patients. Therefore, we assessed blood gas values in 20 nonsmoking volunteers (ten men, ten women) between 20 and 28 years of age who were healthy (negative heart-lung history and normal results on physical examination, chest radiography, and lung function testing). Blood samples were drawn from the radial artery and measured immediately on a blood gas analyzer. The findings were no significant different (P less than 0.05) in blood gas values among rest (supine), rest (sitting), and exercise (supine) conditions within sex groups; significantly lower mean PCO2 for women than for men under all conditions (except for subjects breathing 100% O2), and a higher pH for women in the rest (supine) position than under other conditions; and a lower mean PCO2 and higher pH for both groups breathing 100% O2. This study provides valid normal arterial blood gas reference standards for routine cardiopulmonary function testing. PMID- 6789667 TI - Use of the exoantigen test to identify blastomyces dermatitidis, coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum in mixed cultures. AB - Cultures of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum were inoculated with each of five saprophytes to simulate contaminated cultures. The cultures were extracted and tested in the immunodiffusion exoantigen test. Twenty-nine of 30 cultures were correctly identified. The saprophytes did not appear to interfere with the exoantigen test. PMID- 6789668 TI - Performance of a commercial microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration procedure for aminoglycoside susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The accuracy of quantitative aminoglycoside minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations was evaluated with the Micro-Media Systems microdilution MIC panel and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Without Mg++ and Ca++ supplementation, very major interpretive discrepancies occurred. A simple, in-expensive cation supplementation procedure was evaluated to correct the discrepancies. The necessity of cation supplementation for susceptibility testing of P. aeruginosa when employing MIC procedures is stressed. PMID- 6789669 TI - Tissue immunomicroscopic evaluation of monoclonality of B-cell lymphomas: comparison with cell suspension studies. AB - A series of 80 tissues removed from patients having a variety of lymphoproliferative disorders were comparatively studied by cell suspension and cryostat frozen section tissue immunomicroscopic technics. Of 39 cases of non Hodgkin's lymphomas studied by cell suspension, only 18 had surface immunoglobulins (SIg) markers consistent with monotypia (46%). Conversely, immunohistochemistry showed 18 cases (92%). Among the 18 cases in which there was no correlation between immunohistochemistry and cell suspension studies (46%), a variety of cytologic variants of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was recognized, including nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, nodular large cell lymphoma, and a soft tissue plasmacytoma. The lack of correlation between the two technics may be due to several different mechanisms, including the selective enrichment of the suspension by nonneoplastic cell populations resulting in a sampling artifact, the disappearance of endogenous SIg in large or plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and the presence of membrane-bound exogenous polyclonal SIG. Immunohistochemistry represents a reliable, simple technic for establishing monotypia in non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas. PMID- 6789670 TI - Effects of physiologic variations in temperature on the rate of antibiotic induced bacterial killing. AB - The effects of physiologic temperature variations on antibiotic-induced killing of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were studied. At concentrations less than or equal to four times the minimal bactericidal concentration, the activity of each of the antibiotics (gentamicin sulfate, sodium ampicillin, and chloramphenicol) against the test bacteria was influenced by changes in temperature. Only with S. pneumoniae did such influence appear to result directly from temperature-induced changes in the multiplication rate of the bacteria. Repeated subculturing of bacteria at 41 degrees C to induce temperature adaptation had a variable effect on the rate of bacterial killing by appropriate antibiotics. The magnitude of the effect of temperature on antibiotic-induced rates of bacterial killing varies with the antibiotic class, the species of bacteria, and the temperature to which bacteria have been adapted. PMID- 6789671 TI - Test for C3 nephritic factor activity by immunofixation electrophoresis. AB - This report describes a relatively simple test for C3 nephritic factor (C3NeF) activity utilizing immunofixation electrophoresis to quantitate the production of the breakdown product C3c. Tests performed on plasmas from 22 control patients and 93 renal patients have biopsy diagnoses other than basement membrane dense deposit disease (BMDDD) yielded negative results for C3NeF activity. Tests performed on plasmas from three patients with BMDDD were positive for C3NeF activity, yielding values significantly higher than those for the control group and the patients with other renal diseases. The test can be performed on specimens collected in EDTA to prevent in vitro C3 degradation during storage or transport at ambient temperature. PMID- 6789672 TI - Morphologic manifestations of monoclonal gammopathies. PMID- 6789673 TI - Von Willebrand disease associated with familial thrombocytopenia and increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. AB - Two cases of von Willebrand disease (vWD) associated with familial thrombocytopenia were reported. The proband (daughter) and her father showed thrombocytopenia with large platelets and decreased von Willebrand factor activity (VIIIR:WF). Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:AG) were normal, but both patients revealed an increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and a qualitative abnormality of the factor VIII protein, which was characterized by fast electrophoretic mobility of VIIIR:AG and an abnormal elution of factor VIII-related activities on Sepharose 2B. DDAVP was hemostatically effective even in this thrombocytopenic patient undergoing a dental extraction. PMID- 6789674 TI - HLA linkage and B14, DR1, BfS haplotype association with the genes for late onset and cryptic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH def) has been established to be an HLA-linked, recessive monogenetic disease. However, two nonclassical forms of 21-OH-def have also been described: "cryptic" 21-OH-def, which has been shown to be HLA-linked, and "late onset" 21-OH-def, for which the status of linkage to HLA has been less certain. We now describe studies of eight additional unrelated probands with symptomatic, "late onset" 21-OH-def, and conclude that this form is also HLA-linked. Both "late onset" and "cryptic" 21-OH-def are highly associated with the same HLA antigens and markers (HLA-B14, HLA-DR1, and Bf type S) in individuals from different ethnic and geographical backgrounds. Since both "late onset" and "cryptic" 21-OH-def appear to occur in individuals with one classical 21-OH-def (21-OHCAH) allele who in addition have another 21-OH-def allele, as well as in individuals who appear to be homozygous for variant 21-PH-def alleles, and since both late onset and cryptic 21-OH-def appear to occur in the same families, our data suggest that these syndromes may represent different clinical expressions of similar or identical nonclassical 21 OH-def alleles. PMID- 6789675 TI - The correction of Hunter fibroblasts by exogenous iduronate sulfate sulfatase: biochemical and ultrastructural studies. AB - The exogenous addition of iduronate sulfate sulfatase to cultured fibroblasts of Hunter patients resulted in a full correction of the metabolic defect as demonstrated by chemical and ultrastructural analyses. As little as 25% of the normal fibroblasts' enzyme levels were sufficient for this correction. The half disappearance time of the internalized enzyme was 3-4 days. Prolonged incubation of corrected cells resulted in a gradual reaccumulation of mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 6789677 TI - Pattern of breathing and carbon dioxide retention in chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Carbon dioxide (CO2) retention occurs in some but not all patients with obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to assess if the pattern of ventilation modulates CO2 retention, 15 normocapnic (group 1) and 15 hypercapnic (group 2) patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) less than or equal to 1.0 liter) were studied retrospectively. Utilizing clinical information, anion gap and acid-base nomogram, subjects with superimposed acid-base disturbances were eliminated. Therefore, only patients who exhibited steady state ventilatory patterns were studied. In group 1, mean arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) was 40 l 2 torr and mean arterial pH (pHa) was 7.410 l0.004. In group 2, mean PaCO2 was 52.5 l1.2 torr and pHa was 7.390 l0.007. No statistically significant differences between groups were present with respect to age. height, sex, lung volumes and flow rates, diffusing capacity and CO2 production. Minute ventilation was similar in both groups (7.631 liters and 7.81 liters). In group 2, the patients had a significantly higher respiratory rate per minute (22 versus 16.5) and smaller tidal volume (355 versus 463 cc) than the patients in group 1. This pattern of ventilation resulted in a larger dead space ventilation (3.98 liters versus 2.95 liters) and a lower alveolar ventilation (3.82 liters versus 4.61 liters) with consequent CO2 retention. The higher respiratory frequency in the patients in group 2 may be due to vagal stimulation from the lungs since this group had a fivefold greater incidence of chronic bronchitis and a seven-fold greater incidence of cor pulmonale than the patients in group 1. PMID- 6789676 TI - Detection of genetic variation with radioactive ligands. IV. X-linked, polymorphic genetic variation of thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG). AB - A genetically determined, polymorphic electrophoretic variant of thyroxin-binding alpha-globulin (TBG) is found in sera from populations of African and Oceania origin, although not in Caucasians nor Orientals. The TBG polymorphism is inherited in X-linked fashion, based on data from American blacks, and thus provides an X-chromosome marker with a relatively high gene frequency in this ethnic group (frequency of the slow allele, TBGs, is 11%). This slow variant should prove valuable in expanding the map of the X chromosome and in linkage studies. An additional family exhibiting X-linked TBG deficiency is also described. PMID- 6789678 TI - Light chain nephropathy. AB - In 13 specimens of renal tissue from 11 patients, deposits of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains and continuous granular electron-dense material within tubular basement membranes and in association with the glomerular basement membrane were identified. All but one patient were men n the fifth to seventh decades of life, and each presented with azotemia and features of glomerular rather than tubulointerstitial disease. Osteolytic bone lesions occurred in only three patients, and a bone marrow plasmacytosis greater than 30 percent consistent with plasma cell myeloma was identified in only four patients. Light chain distribution in the nephron was confirmed with immunoelectron microscopy and was not associated with deposition of other serum proteins such as immunoglobulin heavy chains, complement, transferrin, alpha 2 macroglobulin and albumin. The electron dense deposits differed in distribution and character from those associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type II (dense deposit disease), amyloidosis, cryoglobulinemia, macroglobulinemia and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Serum from six of these patients did not bind to normal human or rat renal parenchyma in vitro. Kappa light chain nephropathy was characterized by predominant linear tubular basement membrane kappa deposits, and nodular mesangial and linear glomerular basement membrane kappa immunostaining. Lambda light chain nephropathy was characterized by linear lambda glomerular basement membrane and tubular basement membrane immunostaining. Manifestations of glomerular dysfunction dominated the clinical presentation of light chain nephropathy, and most patients did not have typical features of multiple myeloma. The diagnosis was predicated upon thorough immmunohistologic assessment of renal biopsy material. PMID- 6789679 TI - Response of blood coagulation parameters to elevated endogenous 17 beta-estradiol levels induced by human menopausal gonadotropins. AB - To elucidate the relationship between estrogen and thrombosis, we studied blood coagulation parameters in women whose ovaries were stimulated with human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG). Daily hMG administration over 1 to 2 weeks in seven anovulatory women increased plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels fivefold over the pretreatment value. Of the coagulation parameters, the fibrinogen level increased significantly from an initial value of 248 +/- 11.7 mg/dl (mean +/- SEM) to 353 +/- 32.2 mg/dl after hMG treatment (P less than 0.05), with a significant positive correlation between estrogen and fibrinogen levels (r = +0.762). In addition, a thrombokinetics study showed that the maximal rate of change in optical density of the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly increased, suggesting that the coagulation factors involved in extrinsic, intrinsic, and common pathways could be increased by estrogen. Antithrombin III levels decreased gradually during hMG administration. Thus, increased endogenous estrogen levels appear to induce the so-called "hypercoagulable state" through both an increase in coagulation factors in the coagulation cascade system and a decrease in antithrombin III, a potent natural inhibitor of activated coagulation factors. Patients on a regimen of hMG treatment for induction of ovulation serve as excellent models for the study of alteration of "natural" estrogen-mediated coagulation parameters. PMID- 6789680 TI - Oculocutaneous albinism with Axenfeld's anomaly. PMID- 6789681 TI - Neuron-specific enolase in the Merkel cells of mammalian skin. The use of specific antibody as a simple and reliable histologic marker. AB - Merkel cells are specialized skin receptor cells, characterized by their particular location in the epidermis and close association with nerve terminals. Although they can be distinguished ultrastructurally by their small, electron dense secretory granules, there is no specific and reliable method for identifying them by light microscopy. Using antibodies to neuron-specific enolase (NSE), the authors have shown sparsely distributed groups of specifically immunostained cells and associated nerve terminals in the nose skin of cats and rats. These cells were easily distinguished from other epithelial cell types, including melanocytes and Langerhans cells and had all the morphologic features of Merkel cells and their so-called neurite complexes, including the characteristic cytoplasmic secretory granules (60 nm in diameter). NSE immunostaining is a simple and reliable method for the specific light-microscopic staining of Merkel cells and provides further evidence for NSE as a marker for the diffuse neuroendocrine system. PMID- 6789684 TI - Malignant external otitis of childhood. PMID- 6789682 TI - I. Tumor growth in mice with depressed capacity to mount inflammatory responses: possible role of macrophages. AB - Studies were made of the effects of various treatments on the growth in mouse feet of isografts of two methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas: C-4, of CBA/J mice, and A-2, of A/J mice. The isografts were prepared by pronase digestion of subcutaneous tumors and were injected as unseparated cell suspensions or as tumor cell-enriched suspensions after depletion of infiltrating host inflammatory cells. The recipient mice were untreated or treated with reserpine, sublethal whole body irradiation, cyclophosphamide, or corticosteroids. Depletion of host cells from the inoculum resulted in increased growth from the same number of tumor cells. Reserpine treatment decreased the growth of both tumors, whether unseparated or tumor-cell-enriched, and whether injected into the foot or the flank. Irradiation, cyclophosphamide pretreatment, and corticosteroid pretreatment decreased the growth of normal inocula or enriched inocula or both. The effects of cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids were apparently not due to cytotoxicity to tumor cells. Normal resident peritoneal cells increased tritiated thymidine uptake by tumor cells in vitro. Sedimentation velocity separation showed the largest cells to be the most potent. It is suggested that some hot inflammatory reaction is necessary for optimal tumor growth and that murine hosts produce not only cells with antitumor effects but also cells, possibly a subpopulation of macrophages, that potentiate tumor growth. PMID- 6789683 TI - Mast cell degranulation in beige mice with the Chediak-Higashi defect. AB - The degranulation response of peritoneal mast cells to calcium ionophore A23187 and compound 48/80 has been compared by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in normal C57 black mice and C57 beige mice with a genetic defect analogous to the human Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS). These methods reveal granule secretion in response to the degranulating agents in mast cells of both normal and beige mice. The observations indicate that beige peritoneal mast cells retain the capacity to exocytose their granules upon stimulation and suggest that the defect underlying the formation of the mega inclusions is not attributable to impaired degranulation. PMID- 6789685 TI - Allometry of primate hair density and the evolution of human hairlessness. AB - Allometric analyses of hair densities in 23 anthropoid primate taxa reveal that increasingly massive primates have systematically fewer hairs per equal unit of body surface. Considering the absence of effective sweating in monkeys and apes, the negative allometry of relative hair density may represent an architectural adaptation to thermal constraints imposed by the decreasing ratios of surface area to volume in progressively massive primates. Judging by estimates of body volume, denudation of the earliest hominids should have progressed to a considerable extent prior to their shift from a forest to a grassland habitat during the Pliocene. We propose that, lacking a reflective coat of hair, the exploitation of eccrine sweating emerged as the primary mechanism for adaptation to the increased heat leads of man's new environment and permitted further reduction of the remnant coat to its present vestigial condition. PMID- 6789686 TI - Pulmonary dysfunction in cocaine smokers. AB - The authors report another complication of freebase cocaine smoking. They found a significant reduction in the carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in the lungs of two patients. This suggests that inhalation of the freebase of cocaine may damage the pulmonary gas exchange surface. PMID- 6789688 TI - A method for determining costs associated with laboratory error. AB - A study directed toward developing a method for determining costs associated with laboratory error was developed, relying on panels of physicians to rank frequency of performance and impact of error of various laboratory tests. Cost estimates of error impact were then developed, using cost of error to patient as the basis. Findings indicate that economic costs of laboratory error differ with the test. Probable costs per error can be used to identify tests with the highest costs to patients. These cost-per-error-data, when combined with test volume data and error rates by test, will help pinpoint the tests that should receive priority effort in a laboratory improvement program. The method developed could serve as one basis for developing an effective laboratory improvement program; it could also be used for budget justification and ultimately for program evaluation. PMID- 6789689 TI - Proliferating larval cestode in a man in Paraguay. A case report and review. AB - Large tumors removed from the lower abdomen and pleural cavity of a 24-year-old male Amerindian in Paraguay consisted mainly of multitudes of minute, proliferating, acephalic cestode larvae embedded in fibrous tissue. The parasite resembled Sparganum proliferum Stiles 1908 but was markedly less differentiated. From a review of the literature and examination of available reference material, it is concluded that in addition to the present one there are eight well documented cases of proliferating acephalic larval cestode infection in man: five in Japan and one in Florida (USA) that were S. proliferum, one in Pennsylvania (USA) that was an undifferentiated cysticercus or cysticercoid, and one in Taiwan that probably was an undifferentiated tetrathyridium. In four other cases the parasites are reclassified as being of doubtful nature in three and a racemose cysticercus in one. Review of the known species of proliferating cestode larvae naturally occurring in animals failed to identify possible sources of the acephalic forms observed in man. PMID- 6789687 TI - Isolation of N. meningitidis from patients in a gonorrhea screen program: a four year survey in New York City. AB - In the course of the screening program for gonorrhea in New York City, a total of 964 N. meningitidis strains were recovered from the genitourinary tract and/or anal canal over a four-year period (April 1975-April 1979), the rate of such recoveries having tripled during that time. The majority of strains were isolated from anal canal cultures of male patients most of whom were seen in a clinic treating homosexuals. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae were cultured together from 41 patients: in 24 cases from different sites and in 17 instances from the same specimen. Evidence of clinically significant N. meningitidis involvement of genitourinary sites was obtained in a number of cases of urethritis and proctitis as well as in three instances of epidemiologically linked cases. The rising frequency of N. meningitidis isolations from these sites, with its potential clinical implications, should alert microbiologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists to the need for careful distinction of meningococcal from gonorrheal infection, particularly among homosexual men. PMID- 6789690 TI - Endemicity of spotted fever group rickettsiae in Connecticut. AB - To compare rickettsial infectivity and seropositivity rates against spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae, ticks and wild mammals were collected from three areas where Rickettsia rickettsii was thought to be enzootic in Connecticut during 1978 1979, and from four additional sites (with no reported human cases) between 1976 and 1979. Of the 1,001 Dermacentor variabilis examined by the hemolymph test, 59 (5.9%) contained rickettsia-like organisms; direct immunofluorescence tests verified the presence of SFT rickettsiae in 14 specimens. Prevalence of rickettsiae-infected ticks at Newtown, an area where human cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever probably originated, was 2.2%. Rates for six other areas ranged between 0 and 6.3%. Isolations included Rickettsia montana from four ticks collected at Branford and Woodbridge, and R. rickettsii (R-like strain) from the blood of an acutely ill person. Microagglutination (MA) tests indicated that 15 (14.9%) of 101 Peromyscus leucopus (white-footed mice) from Newtown had agglutinins in titers greater than or equal to 1:8 against R. rickettsii, whereas five of 92 white-footed mice (5.4%) from Brandord, West Hartford, Woodbridge, and Sharon were considered MA-positive. Indirect microimmunofluorescence tests of Procyon lotor (raccoon) sera revealed antibodies to R. rickettsii in 33 of 69 (47.8%) samples from Newtown and in two of 60 (3.3%) from Guilford. Additionally, 17 raccoons had sera specific to R. montana (n = 8) or to the 369-C rickettsia strain (n = 9). Since rickettsia-positive ticks are high-titered seropositive mammals occurred at widely separated sites in Connecticut there are probably several foci of SFG rickettsiae distributed throughout the D. variabilis range. PMID- 6789691 TI - Serotypes of tick-borne spotted fever group rickettsiae from western California. AB - A rickettsial survey of ixodid ticks known to bite man was conducted in 1979 in four coastal counties of California to obtain isolates from tick species that might be involved in the transmission of spotted fever-like illnesses, and to examine serologic characteristics of the rickettsiae relative to defined members of the spotted fever group (SFG). One hundred and seventy (19.4%) of 877 ticks comprising three species were shown by hemolymph test to harbor rickettsia-like organisms. A total of 85 SFG rickettsia isolates was obtained by Vero-cell culture; 82 were from Dermacentor occidentalis, two were from D. variabilis, and one was from Ixodes pacificus. As determined by microimmunofluorescence, the isolates comprised four distinct serotypes. Two serotypes were obtained only from D. occidentalis, and one each only from D. variabilis and I. pacificus, respectively. Most D. occidentalis isolates possessed the serologic characteristics of Rickettsia rhipicephali, but there were similar to yet distinguishable from, R. rickettsii and are members of an unclassified serotype referred to as 364D. The two isolates from D. variabilis resembled the unclassified 369C serotype previously shown to be associated with this species and D. andersoni elsewhere in the United States. The I. pacificus isolate was similar to strains of the unclassified Tillamook serotype isolated from this tick in several localities in western Oregon. Representative strains of the four serotypes could also be distinguished on the basis of pathogenicity for Vero cells, chick embryos, guinea pigs, and/or meadow voles. The significance of these findings relative to occurrence of tick-associated illnesses in western California is briefly discussed. PMID- 6789692 TI - Effect of allopurinol on different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Groups of mice were inoculated with six Trypanosoma cruzi strains and then treated with 32 mg/kg body weight allopurinol for 10 consecutive days. Effects of the drug on mortality rates were closely evaluated and repeated fresh blood examinations were done. Infected mice showed at least four parasitemia patterns with varied mortality rates and parasitemia levels. Evidence is provided that, independently of the parasitemia pattern or level and strain origin, there are marked differences in the sensitivity to allopurinol between the several T. cruzi strains studied. These differences in drug response seem to be related to biological characteristics of the strains and pose further challenges in the rational therapy of Chagas' disease. PMID- 6789693 TI - Scrub typhus in the Eastern Solomon Islands and Northern Vanuatu (New Hebrides). AB - Rickettsia tsutsugmushi has been isolated from Rattus rattus from Vanua Lava island in Northern Vanuatu (New Hebrides) and from R. exulans and Leptotrombidium akamushi on Ndende island in the Eastern Solomon Islands. The well-known vector mite L. deliense was found on Mota Lava and Vanua Lava in Vanuatu, but no isolation was made from pools of this mite. Serology confirms that R. tsutsugamushi infects humans in the Banks group of islands in Northern Vanuatu and that infection is much more widespread in the Solomon Islands than the limited isolations indicate. PMID- 6789694 TI - Ampullary disconnection during the course of biliary and duodenal surgery. AB - Ampullary disconnection is fortunately rare. As this experience indicates, the long-term salvage rate is good but demands immediate recognition, precise repair and frequently reoperation to obtain a satisfactory result. One should be aware that the ampulla may be located very proximally in patients with long-standing peptic ulceration. The common duct should be catheterized while reoperation is required in this area in cases of obscured anatomy of the distal bile and pancreatic ducts. PMID- 6789695 TI - Experimental and clinical studies on the effect of biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice. AB - Mitochondrial respiratory function, ketogenesis and collagen metabolism of the liver in biliary obstruction and after its relief were investigated in dogs and patients with obstructive jaundice. In dogs, it was found that hepatic mitochondrial respiratory function decreased significantly with prolongation of biliary obstruction, but recovered to varying degrees depending on both the duration of obstruction and of the period after the relief of obstruction. Ketogenesis was also impaired by biliary obstruction and its recovery was found in a slight degree only in cases with short-term obstruction. Hepatic collagen content and the synthetic ability significantly increased in biliary obstruction, and returned to normal levels with a relatively short period after the relief. Analogous results were obtained in clinical cases, but the decrease in serum bilirubin was somewhat delayed and increased hepatic collagen content continued after relief of the obstruction. When major surgery is required in patients with obstructive jaundice, biliary drainage should be carried out first 4 to 6 weeks before the performance of major operations. In cases with biliary obstruction for 12 weeks or more, it is desirable to wait for more than 6 weeks after biliary drainage since recovery of hepatic function, especially mitochondrial function, will be extremely slow. PMID- 6789696 TI - Experimental intrauterine infection of akabane virus. Pathological studies of skeletal muscles and central nervous system of newborn hamsters with relevances to the Fukuyama type congenital muscular dystrophy. AB - A vertical infection system in hamsters produced by inoculating with Akabane virus was established as an experimental model of congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama type) (FCMD) and arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) in humans. Swollen fetuses, mummified fetuses, arthrogryposis and cranial deformities were produced in 13 of 415 newborn hamsters inoculated transplacentally (3.1%). The incidence was significantly higher than that in the control group (p less than 0.05). Eight cases presenting apparent abnormalities were examined histologically and virologically. Pictures of skeletal muscles showing such immature features as chains of internal nuclei and myotubular muscle fibers were demonstrated in all cases. In addition, perivascular infiltration of small round cells and thickening of vascular walls were seen in 5 cases, while myogenic changes such as broken myofibrils, small muscle fibers and changes in fiber size were observed in 6 cases. In the anterior horn of the spinal cord, swelling and loss of nuclei and cell matrices were noticed in 4 cases. In the cerebral cortex, disarrangement of cell layers, edematous changes and loss of nerve cells were revealed in 5 cases. In 4 cases virus particles were found on electron microscopy in the cerebral cortex. The authors considered that this experimental system of intrauterine viral infection would be useful for the etiological study of FCMD and AMC in humans in which not only skeletal muscles but also the central nervous system is affected congenitally. PMID- 6789697 TI - [Terfenadine in allergic rhinitis in children]. PMID- 6789698 TI - [The importance of lipid metabolism in surgical interventions]. PMID- 6789699 TI - [Carbohydrates in infusion therapy]. PMID- 6789700 TI - [Amino acid requirement in the preoperative, peroperative and postoperative phases]. PMID- 6789701 TI - [Plasma levels following high diazepam doses in intensive-care medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Two patients were hospitalized in moderately deep coma after ingestion of large doses of diazepam with suicidal intent. Three other patients required unusually high diazepam doses for therapeutic reasons (acute alcohol withdrawal, severe tetanus). In all patients, plasma levels of diazepam and its main active metabolite, desmethyl-diazepam, could be determined. The elimination of both substances seems to be dose-independent. Rapid clinical recovery after high diazepam doses is not attributable to rapid elimination of active compounds from the body, but more likely to adaptation or tolerance to their depressant effects. On the other hand, prolonged coma after long-term therapy with high doses is possible. PMID- 6789702 TI - [Parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6789703 TI - Accidental intrapulmonary Clinifeed. AB - A case is described in which a narrow bone nasogastric tube was passed into the bronchial tree and feeding with half-strength Clinifeed commenced before the malposition was recognised. The management of the resulting acute respiratory failure is discussed, and the successful outcome attributed to the bland nature of the Clinifeed. The need for radiological confirmation of the position of narrow bone nasogastric tubes before feeding is emphasised. PMID- 6789704 TI - Transthoracic right atrial cannulation for total parenteral nutrition- case report. AB - A man with severe peripheral vascular disease and requiring total parenteral nutrition because of short bowel syndrome was referred because a central venous catheter could not be inserted by conventional techniques. A right thoracotomy was performed and a Hickman catheter inserted via the right atrial appendage into the right atrium. This catheter was used for a total of seven months for total parenteral nutrition. For the last two months of this time, the patient was maintained at home on a Home Parenteral Nutrition Programme. After four months of total parenteral nutrition the patient developed recurrent fevers and the catheter was found to have migrated from the right atrium into the pulmonary artery. The catheter was resited under X-ray control and used for a further three months until the recurrence of fever and dyspnoea heralded the onset of septic pulmonary emboli resulting in his death. PMID- 6789705 TI - An enzymatic radioactive assay to determine ribose 1-phosphate in tissues. PMID- 6789706 TI - A convenient spectrophotometric method for the kinetic analysis of the enzymatic hydrolysis of N-acyl peptides using phthaldialdehyde. PMID- 6789707 TI - Isolation of polysomes from larval and adult Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6789708 TI - Water content of chlorophyll hydrate. PMID- 6789709 TI - A radiometric assay for methyl red azoreductase DT-diaphorase [EC 1.6.99.2]. PMID- 6789710 TI - Radiorespirometry and metabolism of cultured cells attached to petri dishes. PMID- 6789711 TI - The division of the third ventricle in the segments of white rat. AB - In this paper the third brain ventricle (ventriculus tertius) of rat was studied on the frontal histological slices. Based on the change in the ventricle form and on the peculiarities of the surrounding nerve structures the third ventricle was divided into the upper and lower part and every part was divided into the segments denoted by capital T (tertius) and by the order number; the segments of the lower parts of the third ventricle were indicated as T 1 to T 4 and the segments of the upper part as T 5 to T 9. The adjacent part of aqueductus cerebri (A) was divided into the segments A 1 and A 2. The suggested method of the division aims to serve as an aid for the determination of the precise localization and the denomination of the examined parts of the third ventricle during the morphological studies. PMID- 6789712 TI - Seasonal changes in testes and thumb pads of the toad, Bufo marinus (Linn.) and their correlation with fluctuations in the environmental factors. AB - In present studies, the slow rate of spermatogenetic activity and regressed condition of Leydig cells have been correlated with declining day length and ambient temperature during winter months (November--February). The gradual enhancement of the spermatogenetic activity and increase in the number and nuclear diameter of Leydig cells from March to June have been associated with increasing day length and ambient temperature. During July and August, the process of spermiation has been associated with the high ambient temperature as well as abrupt rise in the relative humidity following heavy rains in this period. A direct relationship has also been drawn between the activity of Leydig cells and the development of androgen-dependent thumb pads. PMID- 6789713 TI - [A contribution towards the morphological characterization of the islets of Langerhans after autogenic pancreassegmenttransplantation with dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789714 TI - Effects of cold and melatonin on the microtubules of the toad sciatic nerve. PMID- 6789715 TI - Effect of prostaglandins A-1, E-2 and F-2 alpha on blood plasma levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in male rats. AB - Effects of the administration of PGs A-1, E-2 and F-2 alpha (150 micrograms/rat b.i.d. for 10 days) were studied. Significant increase in testicular weight was observed only in PGE-2 treated group. Testicular ascorbic acid content reduced significantly by treatment with all the PGs. PGE-2 treatment caused a significant decrease in the content of testicular cholesterol, while no change was observed in the same and prostatic acid phosphatase activity in any of the PG treated groups. Blood plasma levels of testosterone drastically reduced by both PGE-2 and PGF-2 alpha, while there was no change in the levels of plasma LH in any of the groups. Plasma FSH levels increased significantly in PGA-1 treated rats only. The results suggest that 1) There is a direct action of PG particularly PGE-2 on testicular weight. PGE-2 increases testicular weight possibly by preventing degeneration of spermatids, 2) PGE-2 acting directly on the testis, reduces testicular ascorbic acid content, stimulates the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone but depresses the conversion of the latter to testosterone. PMID- 6789716 TI - [Acute intoxication by cyanide. One case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789717 TI - Pulmonary gas exchange effects of nitroglycerin in canine edematous lungs. AB - The authors determined the effects of nitroglycerin on pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid injury. Measurements of venous admixture (QVA/Qt) and shunt (Qs/Qt) using both oxygen and inert-gas-elimination methods were done before, during, and after nitroglycerin infusion, first during air ventilation and then during ventilation with 100 per cent oxygen. Nitroglycerin reduced mean blood pressure (MAP) approximately 30 per cent (P less 0.01) during both air and oxygen ventilation. During air ventilation, nitroglycerin caused PVR to decrease by 29 per cent (P less than 0.01) but caused no change in PVR during oxygen ventilation. Pa02 decreased from 64 +/- 8 torr (mean +/- SD) to 55 +/- 9 torr (P less than 0.01) with nitroglycerin infusion during air ventilation. The decrease in Pa02 was primarily due to an increase in QVA/Qt which increased from 28 +/- 12 per cent to 36 +/- 14 per cent (oxygen method) (P less than 0.05). Similarly, the inert gas QVA/Qt increased from 31 +/- 10 to 37 +/- 14 per cent (P less than 0.05). During oxygen ventilation, the effect of nitroglycerin on gas exchange was similar in direction but less in magnitude. These results provide evidence that nitroglycerin may cause significance impairment of pulmonary gas exchange when abnormal lung function is present and FI02 is low. The mechanism is most likely due to inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6789719 TI - Intranasal nitroglycerin (NTG) during infrarenal aortic cross-clamp. PMID- 6789718 TI - Canine VA/Q distribution responses to inhalation anesthesia and mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6789720 TI - Treatment of ragweed allergic conjunctivitis with 2% cromolyn solution in unit doses. AB - Previous studies have shown the effectiveness of topical cromolyn solution in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. However, the preservative, phenylethanol, produces an immediate burning or stinging sensation when the drops are first instilled in the eye. A double-blind, crossover, placebo controlled study using 2% cromolyn solution was conducted, without the preservative and supplied in unit doses. Twenty six patients took part in the trial. They had ragweed pollen induced conjunctivitis. The results of the trial indicate that the active drug was effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis in 22 of the 26 patients, i.e., 84.6% (p less than 0.001). Two patients preferred the placebo. There were no complaints of stinging or burning sensation after the instillation of the drops in the eyes. There were no cases of infection of the eye. Without the preservative, the cromolyn solution does not damage the soft contact lens. PMID- 6789721 TI - Contraction of guinea pig trachea with antibodies to guinea pig IgE. An in vitro model for asthma. AB - Rabbit antiserum to guinea pig IgE was prepared. This antiserum absorbed IgE antibodies to dinitrophenyl determinants when examined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. This antiserum also provoked contraction of tracheal rings from normal guinea pigs in vitro. This system is a new model for asthma in which only IgE among immunoglobulins reacts. PMID- 6789722 TI - Mandatory CME: a concept that doesn't go far enough. PMID- 6789723 TI - Experimental intramammary infection of cows with Yersinia enterocolitica O9: cellular and immunologic responses. AB - Three clinically normal cows were inoculated with viable Yersinia enterocolitica O9 by the intramammary route. This provoked an increase in the somatic cell count in milk from the inoculated quarter, but no obvious clinical response. Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated only sporadically from these cattle after inoculation. All cows showed a marked serologic response to Y enterocolitica and Brucella abortus. The anti-Brucella response provoked by inoculation of Yersinia was sufficient to render milk and serum Brucella-seropositive, as measured by the standard milk ring test, the quantitative milk ring test, and the serum agglutination test. PMID- 6789724 TI - Acid-base status and blood gas alterations following experimental uremia in cattle. AB - Experimental uremia created by obstructing the urethra of 7 cross-bred bulls was associated with significant (P less than 0.05) increases in PCV, blood urea nitrogen concentration, arterial and venous pH and PCO2, arterial bicarbonate, and base excess. Total serum protein concentration decreased nonsignificantly. Arterial PO2 reduced significantly during later stages of uremia. Arterial and venous oxygen saturation, arteriovenous oxygen difference, oxygen extraction ratio, and arteriovenous pH difference were not affected significantly. Uremia was characterized by progressive metabolic alkalosis with, as a compensation, hypercapnia, and arterial hypoxemia. There was no evidence of systemic shunting of blood except in 1 animal. PMID- 6789725 TI - Equine cervical esophagostomy: complications associated with duration and location of feeding tubes. AB - Cervical esophagostomy for tube feeding was evaluated in 11 ponies. Minor complications responded to supportive therapy in 8 ponies. Two died of complications, and 1 pony had a permanent fistula because of persistent infection. There was a positive correlation between the duration of tube feeding and the event of closure of the esophageal stoma after the tube was removed. There was no difference in the frequency of complications related to duration of tube feeding. When the distal end of the feeding tube was located in the thoracic portion of the esophagus, instead of in the stomach, tubes were more readily dislodged. Reinsertion of some tubes was difficult or impossible to do and resulted in false passage of the tube into the mediastinal space, dissecting infections into the thorax, or both. Reflux of food around the tube occurred in ponies with the distal end of the feeding tube located in the stomach, but this was not associated with other complications. PMID- 6789726 TI - Acid-base and electrolyte alterations associated with salivary loss in the pony. AB - Esophageal fistulas were made in 6 ponies to evaluate whole blood acid-base values and serum and salivary electrolyte alterations associated with salivary depletion. Acid-base and electrolyte values remained within normal ranges for 15 days in 3 control ponies fed a pelleted diet through nasogastric tubes. In 6 ponies with esophageal fistulas that were fed the same diet through esophagostomy tubes, hypochloremia and hyponatremia developed during the same period. Serum K concentrations were only marginally depleted, probably because of dietary replacement. Salivary depletion resulted in transient metabolic acidosis from bicarbonate lost in saliva followed by progressive metabolic alkalosis. The alkalosis probably resulted from renal compensation of electrolyte imbalances. Salivary electrolytes were in high concentrations, probably because of increased salivary flow rates. Initial saliva was rich in Na, Cl, and K, but progressive reduction in salivary Na and Cl concentrations occurred during the 5-day collection period. These electrolyte savings could be explained by dietary influences and hormonal control of electrolyte transport in salivary ducts. Therapy for correction of acid-base and electrolyte alterations was also discussed. PMID- 6789727 TI - Development of immunity to sarcocystosis in dairy goats. AB - To determine the virulence of a microscopic species of Sarcocystis, forty-six 39- to 57-day-old goats were inoculated with 10(1) to 10(6) sporocysts; 7 age-matched goats served as noninoculated controls. Four of 4 goats fed 10(6) sporocysts, 4 of 4 goats fed 10(5) sporocysts, 2 of 4 goats fed 5 x 10(4) sporocysts, and 1 of 4 goats fed 10(4) sporocysts died of sarcocystosis, whereas 30 goats fed 10(1) to 10(3) sporocysts and the 7 noninoculated controls generally remained asymptomatic. In 3 immunization trials, groups of 7 to 9 goats were challenge exposed with 10(5) or 10(6) (2 or 20 median lethal dose) sporocysts at 14, 30, and 60 days after vaccination. In the 1st trial (14 days after vaccination), 2 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts and 1 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived a challenge exposure with 10(5) sporocysts, whereas 2 of 2 goats fed 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. In the 2nd trial (30 days after vaccination), 2 of 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts and the 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived a challenge exposure with 10(5) sporocysts, whereas 2 goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. In the 3rd trial (60 days after vaccination), 2 goats vaccinated with 5 x 10(4) sporocysts, 2 goats vaccinated with 10(4) sporocysts, 2 goats vaccinated with 10(3) sporocysts, and the 2 goats vaccinated with 10(2) sporocysts survived after challenge exposure with 10(6) sporocysts, whereas 2 goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts and the control goat died of acute sarcocystosis. The results indicate that goats vaccinated with 10(2) to 10(3) sporocysts develop protective immunity against lethal doses of Sarcocystis, whereas goats vaccinated with 10(1) sporocysts were not protected against a later infection with a lethal dose. PMID- 6789728 TI - Hemagglutination tests for tuberculosis with mycobacterial glycolipid antigens. Results in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis before and during chemotherapy and in healthy tuberculosis contacts. AB - Hemagglutination tests using three serologically active mycobacterial glycolipids as antigens were carried out on serum specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and from healthy family contacts of patients with tuberculosis in Singapore. A positive response to any of the three antigens was found in 82.5% of 211 patients with newly diagnosed disease and in 21% of 100 contacts. The much higher proportion of positive results in the contacts than in other groups of healthy subjects previously reported might have been due to subclinical infection with tubercle bacilli or with other environmental mycobacteria. The use of rules derived from discriminant analysis improved discrimination between patients and contacts, so that a positive result was obtained in 72% of patients and 5% of contacts. Serial positive titers during 1 yr of chemotherapy showed an initial slight increase during the first month and then a slow decrease, although conversion from a serologically positive result to a negative result was uncommon. The occurrence of widely variable patterns of response to the three antigens in different patients emphasizes the importance of using a battery of tests, each with a separate antigen. PMID- 6789729 TI - Oxygen delivery in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effects of controlled oxygen therapy. AB - The hemodynamic response to controlled oxygen administration was investigated in 35 patients who presented with acute decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Gasometric and hemodynamic data were successively measured under inspiratory fractions in oxygen of 0.21 (room air) and 0.28. Response to oxygen therapy was characterized by a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in oxygen delivery because of a sharp increase in arterial oxygen content. The coefficient of oxygen delivery (oxygen delivery/oxygen consumption) increased in each patient. All these changes were highly significant (p les than 0.001). Somewhat unexpectedly, there was no change in pulmonary artery pressures, so that pulmonary arteriolar resistance even increased (p less than 0.05). Further analysis individualized 2 types of hemodynamic response to oxygen therapy. In 15 patients who presented with severe hypoxemia, oxygen therapy resulted in a significant increase in oxygen delivery without change in cardiac output. By contrast, in 20 patients with moderate hypoxemia, oxygen therapy induced a significant decrease in cardiac output (p less than 0.001) without change in oxygen delivery. Patients in whom cardiac output was unaffected by oxygen administration presented with a lower mixed venous oxygen tension (less than 35 mmHg) and a lower coefficient of oxygen delivery (less than 3.5). This study demonstrated that oxygen therapy does not always increase oxygen delivery in acute decompensation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6789730 TI - Plasma proteins of the bronchoalveolar surface of the lungs of smokers and nonsmokers. AB - Plasma proteins were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage effluents and serums from normal healthy nonsmokers and smokers, and their concentrations in the 2 fluids were compared. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electropherograms suggested, and radial immunodiffusion assays confirmed, that the soluble proteins of the bronchoalveolar surface resemble serum in kind and amount with the following significant exceptions. Two immunoglobulins, IgG and IgA, were present in amounts that exceeded their concentrations in serum; of the 2, IgG was more abundant. Large nonimmunoglobulin proteins (greater than 300,000 daltons) were absent or present at very low concentrations compared with the amounts found in serum. Transferrin was the only nonimmunoglobulin with a concentration significantly higher at the bronchoalveolar surface than in serum. Smoking did not cause a significant change in the concentration of any protein in serum, but did cause an increase in IgG, C4, and C3 and a decrease in alpha 2-thioglycoprotein, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein, and Gc-globulin in lavage effluents from females. PMID- 6789731 TI - Selective immunoglobulin G4 deficiency and recurrent infections of the respiratory tract. AB - Using a newly developed radioimmunoassay, 4 of 422 subjects tested were found to have an isolated absence of the immunoglobulin subclass IgG4. All had severe recurrent sinopulmonary infection. The association of these disorders with an isolated absence of IgG4 suggested that this immunoglobulin subclass may have a unique role in host respiratory tract defense mechanisms. PMID- 6789732 TI - Partial reversibility of chronic pulmonary hypertension caused by pulmonary thromboembolic disease. AB - Vasodilators including isoproterenol, nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, and oxygen were administered to 5 patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension secondary to pulmonary embolism. The patients' mean pulmonary artery pressure was 54 +/- 8 mmHg, and their average total pulmonary resistance (TRP) was 17 +/- 11 mmHg/L/min. Each patient experienced a decrease in TRP in response to at least 1 of the vasodilators, and the mean maximal decrease was to 57 +/- 10% of the baseline value. Although these decrements in TRP were accompanied by an increase in cardiac output in all but 1 patient, changes in PAP were variable. Treatment with nitroglycerin was continued in 3 of the 5 patients and all 3 have reported improvement in their exercise tolerance. We conclude that the elevated TPR seen in patients with chronic embolic pulmonary hypertension is due to increased vascular tone in addition to fixed vascular obstruction. PMID- 6789733 TI - A controlled trial of a 2-month, 3-month, and 12-month regimens of chemotherapy for sputum smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis: the results at 30 months. Hong Kong Chest Service/Tuberculosis Research Centre, Madras/British Medical Research Council. AB - Of 1,033 Chinese patients with radiologically active pulmonary tuberculosis but with sputum negative for acid-fast bacilli on 5 initial microscopic examinations, 370 (36%) had 1 or more initial sputum cultures that yielded tubercle bacilli. All patients were randomly allocated to (1) selective chemotherapy, antituberculosis chemotherapy not being started until active disease had been confirmed, or to (2) daily streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months or (3) the same 4 drugs daily for 3 months, or toi (4) a 12-month control regimen. In patients with 1 or more of their initial sputum cultures positive, the short-course regimens were inadequate, being followed by bacteriologic relapse rates of 15 and 9%, respectively, during 30 months, compared with 0% in the control series. In patients with all their initial cultures negative, the corresponding relapse rates were 4, 2, and 0%, and in the selective chemotherapy series, 53% of the patients had treatment started during the 30 months because active disease was confirmed (bacteriologically in 40%). It is important to continue studying short-course chemotherapy for smear-negative patients because in many countries they represent a high proportion of those treated. PMID- 6789734 TI - Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring. AB - We studied changes in transcutaneous PCO2 in healthy volunteers and patients to establish the accuracy and practicability of a new cutaneous capnometer (HP47201A). In 9 healthy volunteers, as many as 4 experiments each were performed during each laboratory session. After cutaneous electrode stabilization, a gas mixture of CO2 in O2 was rebreathed under "open-loop" conditions allowing a rapid progressive increase in alveolar PCO2. The electrode stabilized on the skin with a time constant of 2.87 +/- 0.72 min. During rebreathing, alveolar PCO2 increased 4.25 +/- 0.63mm Hg/min. The simultaneous rate of increase in transcutaneous PCO2 was 2.91 +/- 0.59 mm Hg of CO2/min. Electrode response was also studied during steady-state conditions after a step increase in alveolar PCO2 of 10 mm Hg more than the resting end-tidal PCO2. The time constant of the skin electrode's response under these conditions was 3.2 +/- 1.9 min. We compared the arterial PCO2 of 25 blood samples with simultaneous transcutaneous PCO2 measurements in hemodynamically and metabolically stable patients. The range of arterial PCO2 values varied between 24 and 98 mm Hg, and the electrode remained stable during each 12-h study. Observed values closely approximated arterial PCO2 measurements, with transcutaneous readings 4 mm Hg more than measured arterial values (r = 0.98). We conclude that the cutaneous capnometer accurately and consistently reflects arterial PCO2 and has delay and response characteristics that may allow its use in clinical monitoring of patients. PMID- 6789735 TI - [Triglycerides and cholesterol esterification during parenteral nutrition of newborn infants (author's transl)]. AB - In a group of 23 newborn infants with necrotizing enterocolitis receiving parenteral nutrition the serum triglyceride levels (347 samples), and the free to esterified cholesterol ratio (188 determinations) were studied. The relationship of both T, and FCH/ECH with bacterial infections were also studied. Mean T level increased significantly with the episodes of infection. In the group of infants with a birth weight less than 1,500 grs. a significantly greater percentage of T levels above 250 mg./dl. than in infants of a greater birth weight is found. FCH/ECH ratio was already abnormal in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis before parenteral nutrition was started. Authors also observed a positive correlation between abnormality of cholesterol esterification and days of parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6789736 TI - Impotence in progressively systemic sclerosis. AB - Five men with progressive systemic sclerosis presented with impotence as a significant initial feature of their disease. Endocrine, urologic, and psychiatric evaluations failed to reveal another cause for impotence. We suggest that male erectile dysfunction represents another manifestation of systemic sclerosis. Possible mechanisms for this phenomenon are discussed. PMID- 6789737 TI - Severe zinc deficiency in humans: association with a reversible T-lymphocyte dysfunction. AB - Two patients developed severe zinc deficiency with acrodermatitis during parenteral hyperalimentation. The response of circulating T-lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was assessed both during the episode of clinical zinc deficiency and after intravenous zinc supplementation as the sole means of nutritional intervention. Maximum T-cell response to phytohemagglutinin, expressed as percent of simultaneous normal control response, was 2.1% and 27.9% in Patients 1 and 2 respectively. After 20 days of intravenous zinc supplementation (12 mg/d), repeat studies showed the T-cell response of Patient 1 to be 221% of the control, and that of Patient 2 to be 139% of control. In addition, Patient 1 was anergic during the period of zinc deficiency and normally reactive after zinc supplementation. These findings agree with extensive animal studies showing the detrimental effect of zinc deficiency on cellular immunity. PMID- 6789738 TI - Clinical manifestations of disseminated infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae are linked to differences in bactericidal reactivity of infecting strains. AB - Twenty-nine patients with disseminated gonococcal infection were classified into two clinical groups at the time of hospitalization: 13 with suppurative arthritis and 16 with only tenosynovitis, dermatitis, or both. Patients with suppurative arthritis had significantly less tenosynovitis and dermatitis (p less than 0.02). Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from the two groups of patients were each repetitively tested in a bactericidal assay using fresh frozen sera obtained from 10 normal human volunteers. Although strains causing disseminated gonococcal infection in general are serum resistant, those isolated from patients with suppurative arthritis were significantly less resistant (p less than 0.01) than those isolated from patients with only tenosynovitis and dermatitis. Differences in strains as reflected by variation in resistance to normal human sera may cause these strains to produce diverse clinical manifestations. PMID- 6789739 TI - Pharyngeal dysphagia in alcoholic myopathy. PMID- 6789740 TI - Physiological properties and plasmid content of several strains of Azospirillum brasilense and A. lipoferum. AB - Four strains of Azospirillum brasilense, including strain 7000 (ATCC 29145) and five strains of A. lipoferum, including strain Br17 (ATCC 29709) were examined for the presence of plasmids. All the strains were found to harbour 1 to 5 plasmids whose molecular weight ranged from 3.5 to over 300 Md. No obvious relationship between the plasmids and phenotypic properties was established as yet, in particular N2 fixation, substrate utilization, drug resistance and lysogenic state. Six out of the 9 strains were lysogenic and phage production was inducible by mitomycin C. An icosahedric phage was purified from strain 7000. PMID- 6789742 TI - Degradation of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics by Lactobacillus strains from animals. AB - Ability to degrade macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin antibiotics was noted in Lactobacillus strains isolated from the caeca of pigs, cattle and poultry. Some of the strains degraded all the three classes of antibiotics while some degraded either macrolides and lincosamides or macrolidese and streptogramins. There were also strains which degraded only macrolide or streptogramin type A antibiotics. Strains with any of these degradation abilities were always resistant to the antibiotics concerned, but strains with resistance to these antibiotics were often, but not always able to degrade them. PMID- 6789741 TI - [Influence of supplementary tyrosine or phenylalanine on bacterial growth and pigmentation of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (author's transl)]. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa grows readily on synthetic media containing succinate (36 mM) and ammonium chloride as sole source of nitrogen (34 mM) ; addition of tyrosine or phenylalanine (2,7 mM) is followed by an increase of both the growth rate and pyocyanine production. Several molecules structurally related to tyrosine give similar results. Tyrosine partially suppresses the inhibitory effect of both cyanide and azide. The results are discussed with regard to the biosynthesis of aromatic aminoacids and of phenazine pigments. PMID- 6789744 TI - The influence of retinoids on polyamine and DNA synthesis in mouse epidermis. PMID- 6789743 TI - The effect of vitamin A status on the differentiation and function of goblet cells in the rat intestine. AB - The prevalence of goblet cells in duodenal crypts decreased to 60% of normal at day 4 of deficiency. Villus and crypt length, total mucosal cell number, cell cycle time, and migration rate were unaffected at day 8 of deficiency. The carbohydrate content, protein content, and molecular size of high molecular weight glycoproteins (peak I) were unaffected at day 8 of deficiency. The incorporation of L-[3H]threonine (G) into proteins of all peaks were reduced to 60% of normal at day 8 of deficiency. The incorporation of L-[1-14C]fucose into glycoprotein fell to 25% of normal in peak I, and to 70 to 90% of normal in other peaks at day 8 of deficiency. In vitamin A deficiency, a defect seems to exist either in the rate of differentiation of intestinal goblet cells at a critical period, or in the differentiation of a subclass of vitamin A-sensitive goblet cells. Some possible explanations for the decreased synthetic rate of some glycoproteins in the presence of normal steady-state concentrations in A- rats are discussed. PMID- 6789745 TI - Vitamin A response of testicular cells in culture. PMID- 6789747 TI - The use of cost-benefit analysis in regulatory decision-making is proving harmful to public health. PMID- 6789746 TI - Cost-benefit analysis and the regulation of environmental carcinogens. PMID- 6789748 TI - Alternatives to cost-benefit analysis in regulatory decisions. PMID- 6789749 TI - Cost-benefit analysis: an uncertain guide to public policy. AB - Recognition of the uncertainty inherent in social plans has generated a variety of formal approaches to coping with uncertainty. Perhaps the most heavily touted and widely adopted are variants of cost-benefit analysis. Such analyses ask whether the expected benefits from a proposed activity outweigh its expected costs. Although based on an appealing premise and supported by a sophisticated methodology, these procedures have a number of characteristic limits. One set of limits is imposed by the unavailability of necessary inputs to the analysis. Since neither the values nor the likelihood of many costs and benefits can be assessed by any formal computations, they must be derived by human judgment. Research has shown, however, that probability judgments are often quite unreliable and prone to systematic biases, while judgments of value are highly labile, changing with subtle (and formally irrelevant) shifts in the elicitation procedure. The second set of limits arises when one comes to assess the quality of analyses. There have been few systematic evaluations of formal analyses or attempts to develop a methodology for assessment. Again, one is forced to rely upon judgments which research has shown to be untrustworthy. A third set of limits is the inability of the procedures to address critical issues in the management process they are designed to abet. These issues include the acceptability of the political philosophy underlying such procedures, the feasibility of implementing their recommendations, and the generation of managerial options. The contribution of cost-benefit analysis may be enhanced by reducing whichever of these problems are tractable, acknowledging those that are not, and clarifying the responsible role of cost-benefit analysis in the management process. PMID- 6789750 TI - The uncertainty factor. PMID- 6789751 TI - The elimination of carcinogenic risks in consumer products. PMID- 6789752 TI - The use of cost-benefit analysis in regulatory decision-making. PMID- 6789753 TI - Carbonic anhydrase: theoretical studies of different hypotheses. PMID- 6789754 TI - Characterization and control of an immobilized allosteric enzyme system. AB - Both immobilization techniques described in this work seem appropriate for this allosteric enzyme. However, the kinetic behavior of the dCMP deaminase trapped in a protein membrane is markedly different from that observed with the enzyme in solution and with the enzyme gelled on an artificial membrane. The enzyme, in fact, in all instances loses its cooperative action toward the substrate and even the allosteric ligands, or they do not affect the activity, or it behaves in a completely different way. In particular, dTTP seems to behave as a noncompetitive inhibitor. These effects can be attributed either to the freezing of the enzyme in one of its conformations or, more generally, to the effect of physical constraints and diffusional resistances. Further studies are in progress to distinguish between the contributions of each one of these phenomena to the kinetic behavior of the enzyme. PMID- 6789755 TI - [Life cycle of scabies mite (Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis) studied by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - The life history of the Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis has been studied with a scanning electron microscope on crusts of a patient with hyperkeratotic (Norwegian) scabies, Eggs, embedded in an amorphous material, are laid in tiers on the parakeratotic floor of the burrow. Once larval maturation has been completed, eggs are cut out from inside and the larvae leave the shells which remain attached to the neighbouring corneocytes. The moults are easily recognized and give us a view on the hidden face of dorsal spines and bristles. PMID- 6789756 TI - [Parahaemoproteus desseri n. sp.; gametogony and schizogony in the natural host: Psittacula roseata from Thailand, experimental sporogony in Culicoides nubeculosus (author's transl)]. AB - The gametogony and the tissue schizogony of Parahaemoproteus desseri are described in the natural host: Psittacula roseata; the schizonts develop in muscle fibres; they are large (up to 900 micrometer) and often sausage shaped with pseudo-septa. Experimental sporogony was studied in laboratory bred Culicoides nubeculosus (Ceratopogonidae). Oocysts are small and give rise to a small number of sporozoites. The morphological characteristics of the schizonts of our Parahaemoproteus are very similar to those of schizonts of Arthrocystis galli and therefore it is possible that the two genera are synonymous. PMID- 6789757 TI - [Hepatic involvement in typho-paratyphoid infections in children of Libreville (Gabon). A study of 64 case reports (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789758 TI - [Biological control of a brucella allergen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789760 TI - Adult-onset acid maltase deficiency presenting as diaphragmatic paralysis. AB - A 51-year-old man presented with a six-year history of gradually progressive exertional dyspnea. His complaint was attributed to increasing age, but evaluation finally led to a diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis. Neurological examination disclosed only minimal evidence of weakness of limb muscles. Electromyographic studies suggested a diagnosis of acid maltase deficiency, which was confirmed by electron microscopic and biochemical studies of muscle biopsy sections. Exercise stress testing was necessary to define the limits of the patient's exercise tolerance. PMID- 6789759 TI - High density lipoprotein metabolism in a patient with abetalipoproteninemia. AB - The concentration of individual plasma apoproteins together with the in vivo metabolism of 125I-labelled high density lipoprotein was studied in an adult male patient with abetalipoproteinemia. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol (26 mg/dl) and triglyceride (5 mg/dl) were markedly reduced and apoprotein B was absent. The concentrations of apo AI, apo AII, CI, CII, CIII and E were also lower than in normal subjects. To further evaluate these changes we studied the in vivo metabolism of autologous 125I-labelled HDL over a period of 13 days. The plasma half-life (4.1 days) and fractional catabolic rate (0.23) were similar to previously reported values for the normal subjects, but overall synthesis of apoproteins AI (5.7 mg/kg/day) and AII (3.6 mg/kg/day) were significantly reduced. After separation of delipidated HDL apoproteins by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis we were unable to demonstrate any difference in the half-life or fractional catabolic rates of apoproteins AI and AII and CII pulu CIII. We conclude that the low concentrations of apoproteins AI and AII in the plasma of our patient with abetalipoproteinemia are a consequence of reduced synthesis and do not reflect enhanced catabolism PMID- 6789761 TI - Factor VIII and thrombotic stroke. PMID- 6789762 TI - Amebiasis. PMID- 6789763 TI - [Rapid microbiological method of determining the gentamicin, sisomicin and kanamycin concentrations in patients' serum]. AB - A modification of the microbiological agar-diffusion method for rapid determination of gentamicin, sisomycin and kanamycin levels in the blood serum of patients is described. The decrease in the time for determination of the antibiotic levels in the serum specimens with the modified method was provided by the use of a higher inoculation dose of the test microbe, higher levels of the incubation temperature and an enriched nutrient medium. The assay time was decreased from 18 to 3--4 hours as compared to the routine agar-diffusion method. PMID- 6789764 TI - Effects of moisture content on long-term survival and regrowth of bacteria in wastewater sludge. AB - The effects of moisture content on the survival and regrowth of seeded and indigenous enteric bacteria in raw sludge were determined. Cultures of six strains of fecally associated bacteria grown in sterilized, liquid sludge (5% solids) were all quite stable at this moisture level for over 90 days at 21 degrees C. When the moisture content of the sludge containing these organisms was reduced by evaporation and the samples were stored at 21 degrees C for extended periods, bacterial inactivation rates were generally proportional to the moisture losses of the samples. A dramatic reversal in this effect was observed in samples containing more than 90% solids. In this dried sludge, every bacterial species studied except Proteus mirabilis was found to be extremely stable. Bacteria indigenous to sludge were also found to survive for long periods in dried sludge. Regrowth of bacterial isolates in sterilized raw sludge was found to occur readily at 37 degrees C in samples containing less than or equal to 75% solids, but no growth was observed in samples with greater than or equal to 85% solids. Some growth, but to less than saturation densities, occurred with 80% solids. Growth of seeded Salmonella typhimurium was also found to occur in the presence of indigenous organisms in both liquid and dewatered raw sludges. However, the population density attained was well below that found in sterilized samples of the same sludges. In addition, the number of salmonellae dropped below detectable limits within a few days in sludges containing viable indigenous organisms, whereas little decrease occurred during this time with salmonellae grown in previously sterilized sludges. PMID- 6789765 TI - Response of bacteria in wastewater sludge to moisture loss by evaporation and effect of moisture content on bacterial inactivation by ionizing radiation. AB - Two studies were carried out to determine the influence of moisture content of the survival of bacteria in raw wastewater sludge. The first study involved the effect of water loss by evaporation on the bacterial population. The second used these dewatered samples to measure the effects of moisture content on the inactivation of bacteria sludge by ionizing radiation. Both studies involved survival measurements of six representative fecally associated bacteria grown separately in sterilized sludge as well as survival data on bacteria indigenous to sludge. Growth of bacteria was stimulated in sludge during the initial phase of moisture removal by evaporation, but the reduction of moisture content below about 50% by weight caused a proportional decrease in bacterial numbers. In comparison with the original sludge, this decrease reached about one-half to one order of magnitude in all dried samples except those containing Proteus mirabilis, which decreased about four orders of magnitude. The rates of inactivation of bacteria by ionizing radiation in sludge were usually modified to some degrees by variations in moisture content. Most bacteria were found to be somewhat protected from ionizing radiation at reduced moisture levels. The largest effect was found with Salmonella typhimurium, whose radiation resistance approximately doubled in dried sludge. However, no excessively large D10 values were found for any bacterial species tested. PMID- 6789767 TI - Precursor recognition by kinetic pulse-labeling in a toxigenic aflatoxin B1 producing strain of Aspergillus. AB - Kinetic pulse-labeling of aflatoxin pathway compounds was carried out in Aspergillus parasiticus, beginning with radioactive acetate. Norsolorinic acid, averufin, versicolorin A, and sterigmatocystin (all known as compounds which can be incorporated into the aflatoxin molecule) were radiotraced to follow their order of appearance. Aflatoxin species B1, B2, G1, and G2 were included. Norsolorinic acid and averufin appeared as early transient intermediates followed in order by versicolorin A, aflatoxins, and sterigmatocystin. To date, a mutually confirming array of results has been obtained with established precursors in wild type strains of A. parasiticus and A. versicolor (as well as with an aflatoxin pathway mutant of A. parasiticus), which together establish a practical methodology for recognition of new pathway intermediates. The kinetic of pulse labeling for sterigmatocystin in relation to aflatoxins suggests that duel branchlets may exist to flatoxins; i.e., sterigmatocystin may not be an obligatory aflatoxin precursor. PMID- 6789766 TI - Atypical Escherichia coli in streams. AB - In the examination of stream waters for fecal coliforms, pale yellow colonies regularly appeared on m-FC broth base medium plates. The yellow colonies may comprise 70% more of the colonies of an m-FC plate. More than 80% of these colonies were identified as Escherichia coli by the API 20E identification system and by serotyping. The atypical yellow E. coli strains were not environmentally stressed E. coli since the atypical colonies continued to be yellow on m-FC medium after growth in a nonselective medium. However, 50% of the atypical E. coli strains were o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside positive, and 20% produced gas in EC medium at 44.5 degrees C. Failure to consider these atypical E. coli strain in water quality analyses could lead to a significant error in the estimation of water quality in some instances. PMID- 6789768 TI - Heat sensitization of bacterial spores after exposure to ethidium bromide, acriflavine, or daunomycin. AB - A 20-min exposure of 10(7) unmodified spores of either Bacillus subtilis NCTC 3610 (harvested from potato-dextrose agar plus manganese) or Bacillus megaterium ATCC 19213 (harvested from nutrient agar plus manganese) per ml to 5 microgram of ethidium bromide per ml did not kill the spores (recovered on TAM [thermoacidurans agar modified]-plus thymidine medium). However, in both cases, the ability to survive various heat treatments was reduced after exposure of the spores to ethidium bromide. With B. subtilis, a 10-min heat treatment at 85 degrees C of unexposed spores resulted in an 85% survival rate, whereas only 50% of the ethidium bromide-exposed spores survived. With B. megaterium similar results were obtained at 75 degrees C; 77% of the unexposed spores survived, whereas only 31% of the ethidium bromide-exposed spores survived. Similarly, a 10 min exposure of B. subtilis spores to 0.005 microgram of acriflavine per ml did not kill unheated spores; however, the ability of the spores to survive exposure at 85 degrees C for 10 min was reduced to 40%. After exposure to 10 microgram of daunomycin per ml, the survival rate was 35%. Binding studies with ethidium bromide showed strong binding to spores, but as yet, the site of binding is unknown. PMID- 6789769 TI - [Action of estrogens on pituitary gonadotrophic function and follicular growth during diestrous in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - LH and FSH release during the afternoon of diestrus 1 on the one hand, and the rate of follicular growth on the morning of diestrus 1 or diestrus 2, on the other hand, were studied in 4-day cyclic female rats after injection of estradiol benzoate (10 microgram, s.c.) on the morning of estrus. LH and FSH release was observed between 15.00 and 19.00 h during diestrus 1, but did not occur after an injection of pentobarbital (30 mg/kg, i.p.) in diestrus 1 at 13.30 h. No luteinization resulted from an injection of estrogen. Slowed follicular growth was observed on the morning of either diestrus 1 or diestrus 2. These results suggest the existence of a "critical period" for LH and FSH release in diestrus 1 during the afternoon. They indicate that the ovarian response to the endogenous release of gonadotropins is dependent upon the state of development of the ovarian follicles. PMID- 6789770 TI - The role of methionine in regulating folate-dependent reactions in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6789771 TI - Effect of endogenous ubiquinone on the interaction of exogenous Ubiquinone-1 with the respiratory chain of bovine heart mitochondria. PMID- 6789772 TI - Compartmentation and export of 14CO2 fixation products in mesophyll protoplasts from the C4-plant Digitaria sanguinalis. PMID- 6789773 TI - A modification of alpha-bungarotoxin amino group residues with retention of binding properties to isolated and membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6789774 TI - Circular dichroism studies of synthetic Asn-X-Ser/Thr-containing peptides: Structure-glycosylation relationship. PMID- 6789775 TI - beta-Glucosidase activator protein from bovine spleen ("coglucosidase"). PMID- 6789776 TI - Sequences of tryptic peptides containing five cysteinyl residues of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. PMID- 6789777 TI - A clinical screening program for topical chemotherapeutic drugs in psoriasis. AB - In this national, multicenter cooperative study, a standardized drug screening program was designed and evaluated to test the clinical effectiveness of 30 topically applied chemotherapeutic drugs to psoriasis. Appropriate concentrations and vehicles for topical administration were selected with regard to clinical testing consisted of a double-blind application of test agents to psoriatic plaques under occlusion daily for up to nine days. Drugs known to be topically active in psoriasis, eg, thiotepa, fluorouracil, and betamethasone valerate, were easily detected in the clinical protocol, confirming the validity of this topical drug screening program. Seven drugs produced substantial clinical improvement with evidence of clearing; nine drugs produced slight improvement; 14 drugs had no effect. No systemic toxid reactions occurred. This screen should be useful to test other potential antipsoriatic drugs and to evaluate potential animal model screens for their predictive values with the same drugs. PMID- 6789778 TI - Tolazoline in the treatment of congenital diaphragmatic hernias. PMID- 6789779 TI - Disordered prolactin secretion in the obese child and adolescent. AB - Thirty-eight obese (13 prepubertal, 25 pubertal) boys, and 17 obese (16 prepubertal, 11 pubertal) girls underwent a thyroid-releasing hormone test with assay of prolactin. Obese pre-pubertal boys had prolactin levels that were significantly below those of the control group both under basal conditions and after stimulus. In the obese pubertal boys the difference was significant only after stimulus. The pituitary prolactin reserve in obese pubertal girls was lower than that of the control group. We conclude that in children and adolescents obesity may induce a hypothalamo-pituitary disorder that affects prolactin secretion. PMID- 6789782 TI - Distribution of polychlorobiphenyls in pregnant mice and fetuses on various days of gestation. AB - 14C-2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl (test series A) and a laboratory mixture of 14C PCBs, which in addition to 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl, contained dichlorobiphenyl and other trichlorobiphenyl isomers (test series B), were administered orally to pregnant mice on the 13th, 15th and 17th day post conceptionem (p.c.), respectively. The development of the fetuses was accompanied by increasing activity concentrations and changes in the distribution patterns of the radioactive PCBs (and/or metabolites). In either test series, one day after administration the 18-day old fetus showed approximately a 2.5 times higher activity concentration than the fetus of an earlier developmental stage (14th day p.c.). Considering the weight gain, the quantity of activity per fetus increased almost tenfold. PCBs were concentrated only in the intestine of the terminal fetus, probably because of an increased intake of PCB-containing amniotic fluid. The affinity of the PCBs, especially of the 2,4',5 trichlorobiphenyl, to lipids, and the increasing lipid content of the fetal tissue may offer an additional explantation of the increase in activity concentration during the fetal development. PMID- 6789780 TI - UV-induced changes in urinary polyamine excretion in the mouse. AB - Exposure of hairless mice to the light of a germicidal lamp (254 nm) under conditions which are known to induce epidermal DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and polyamine metabolism produced a marked increase of polyamine excretion in the urine which lasted for many days. The increase was about the same for free and acetylated polyamines. Although the ratio of N1-acetylspermidine/N8 acetylspermidine increased somewhat in the urine of animals exposed to UV, the increase was not significant enough to be useful as a marker of enhanced cell proliferation. A single topical dose of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a selective inhibitor or ornithine decarboxylase, prevented the UV-induced increase of polyamine excretion in agreement with its effect on UV-induced epidermal polyamine turnover. PMID- 6789781 TI - Effects of a hexachlorinated biphenyl on lymphoid organs and resorption of foetuses in pregnant mice. AB - Syngeneically and allogeneically mated CBA mice were daily given orally either pure peanut oil or peanut oil containing 0.5 mg 2,2', 4,4', 5,5' hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) beginning at the day of implantation. The mice were dissected on day 12 and 18 of gestation when the weight of thymus, spleen, and liver were recorded. The spontaneous mitotic activity of spleen cells was evaluated in vitro, and the number of resorbed foetuses was recorded. Neither spleen weight nor thymus weight was altered, but the liver weight was significantly increased by HCB treatment. The spontaneous mitotic activity of spleen cells did not differ significantly between HCB-treated and control mice. The frequency of resorbed foetuses was not increased by HCB treatment either in syngeneically or allogeneically mated mice, but it was observed that mice fed HCB were less sensitive to environmental disturbance than control mice. PMID- 6789783 TI - Neurochemical and biotransformational enzyme responses to manganese exposure in rats. AB - Adult male rats were exposed to 0.5% manganese as MnCl2 in their drinking water for 1, 4, or 6 weeks. Manganese content was measured in brain, liver, kidney, and intestine. Peak manganese concentrations were found in all tissues after one week exposure. Hepatic aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase, and epoxide hydrase activities increased after one week manganese exposure, while intestinal and renal activities decreased. The activities returned nearly to the control level at six weeks of exposure. The UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity increased in the liver, kidney, and intestinal mucosa after one week exposure, decreasing thereafter nearly to the control level. In the brain, most significant changes were found after six weeks exposure when the succinate dehydrogenase activity decreased. The results suggest an adaptation to manganese absorption during continuous exposure. The biotransformation enzymes respond first to manganese exposure followed by neurochemical changes in the central nervous system. PMID- 6789784 TI - Effects of pesticides on soil microflora using dalapon as an example. AB - Effects of the herbicide dalapon on the soil microflora are evaluated. Measurements were made on populations and pure cultures of micro-organisms, dehydrogenase and phosphatase, soil respiration, and nitrogen transformations. At normal concentrations of 2.6 and 26 ppm, dalapon had little effect and is unlikely to harm the soil microflora or soil fertility. At abnormal concentrations of 266 and 2,660 ppm, marked effects occurred on the microflora and its activities. In one soil, 2,660 ppm dalapon significantly increased production of ammonium-nitrogen; nitrification was almost totally inhibited in this soil. The results are discussed in terms of the validity of the tests for detecting effects of pesticides on the soil microflora. Some problems, particularly of data interpretation and evaluation, are high-lighted. PMID- 6789785 TI - Diagnostic criteria for carbaryl poisoning in sheep. AB - Sheep were used to study the effect of carbaryl in liver, heart, and brain and on cholinesterase activity. Carbaryl residues greater than or equal to 0.01 ppm in the brain were present in all sheep dying after dosing. Sheep dying acutely had higher levels of carbaryl and greater than or equal to 50% inhibition of brain cholinesterase activity, while sheep with prolonged death had lower carbaryl levels and less cholinesterase inhibition. Prolonged deaths were associated with pulmonary embarrassment, enteritis, hyperthermia, and metabolic acidosis. Carbaryl was rapidly degraded in stored blood samples but was stable in dead brain tissue. PMID- 6789786 TI - Whole body protein synthesis and turnover in normal man and malnourished patients with and without known cancer. AB - Plateau enrichment of 15N-ammonia following 24 hour continuous intravenous infusion of 15N-glycine was used to measure total body protein turnover and synthesis in normal volunteers and malnourished patients, with and without cancer. The mean postabsorptive total body protein synthesis rate in three normal controls was 2.5 g protein/kg/day. Protein synthesis and turnover decreased by a mean of 23% following one week of fasting, and returned to baseline levels following one week of refeeding. In three malnourished patients without known tumor, whole body protein synthesis and turnover was similar to controls; following seven to ten days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the nontumor bearing patients whole body protein synthesis and turnover decreased by 18%. Three of seven malnourished patients with known tumors had marked elevations in total body protein synthesis and turnover; TPN increased protein turnover in five of seven patients with known cancer. This study suggests that some malignant tumors can increase whole body protein synthesis and turnover in both the malnourished and fed state. This increase in protein turnover may represent a direct effect of the tumor, or reflect concomitant illness. PMID- 6789787 TI - Plasma thyronine levels in carcinoma of the breast and colon. AB - Plasma triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyroxine (T4), total thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) capacity, and serum albumin were assayed in patients with early and advanced breast and colonic cancer and in healthy women. Plasma T3 levels were reduced in both breast cancer group, but were reduced only in colonic cancer patients with systemic metastases. Plasma rT3 was normal in early cancer, but increased in nine of 38 (24%) with advanced breast cancer and four of 17 (24%) with metastatic colonic cancer; in consequence their rT3/T3 ratios were elevated. Plasma T4 concentrations were normal in all patient groups. Plasma TBG capacity was reduced in breast cancer patients with systemic metastases and a similar tendency occurred in metastatic colonic cancer. Levels of TBG were positively correlated with the serum albumin values. These changes were associated particularly with liver metastases. PMID- 6789788 TI - Cyclophosphamide and factor VIII antibodies. PMID- 6789789 TI - Spinal projections from the rhombencephalon in the toad. AB - Rhombencephalic cell groups projecting to the spinal cord are demonstrated following single pressure injections and/or iontophoretic ejections of HRP solution in either cervical or lumbar enlargements of the toad spinal cord. A group uptake and transport of HRP were obtained with both application techniques, when sufficiently long survival times (8-11 days) were used. Following injections in the cervical cord labeled cells are located mostly in the ventral nucleus of the VIIIth nerve and in the medial zone of the rhombencephalic reticular formation, i.e. the nucleus reticularis inferior, medius and superior. Following injections in the lumbar enlargement the majority of labeled cells are situated in the caudalmost portion of the ventral nucleus of the VIIIth nerve and in the nucleus reticularis inferior. These observations indicate that in the toad the main supraspinal descending pathways from the rhombencephalon originate in the ventral nucleus of the VIIIth nerve and the medial zone of the reticular formation, and that both these pathways are somatotopically organized. PMID- 6789790 TI - Isolation and characterization of a unique protease from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Two proteases, designated I and II, have been isolated from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. They were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex chromatography and affinity columns. Protease I was found to be similar to an already characterized B. subtilis protease. Protease II is trypsin-like in its substrate specificity and is distinct from protease I in its pH optimum, pH stability, molecular weight, substrate specificity, heat stability and sensitivity to various inhibitors. While both enzymes were produced primarily during sporulation, they attained maximum levels of activity at different times. Distinct functions for these proteases in post exponential B. subtilis are likely. PMID- 6789791 TI - [Temporal focus, epilepsy and psychic disturbances (author's transl)]. PMID- 6789792 TI - Shutting off methadone. Costs and benefits. AB - We report the findings of a two-year follow-up of the 99 methadone clients enrolled in the Bakersfield, Calif, clinic when it was closed in September 1976. Because of the remote location, only 11 transferred to another clinic. A sample of 88 were selected from a continuing program for comparison. Ninety-five percent of the combined samples were interviewed. Fifty-four percent of the terminated clients became readdicted to heroin, and the arrest and incarceration rates were approximately double that for the comparison sample. The simultaneous initiation of a special police narcotic task force may have contributed to the arrest rate and limited the percent of time addicted. The net economic costs subsequent to discharge were slightly less than that for the comparison group; however, when the benefits resulting from new admissions are considered, the clinic closing represented an economic loss in addition to the detrimental effects experienced by the clients. PMID- 6789793 TI - Prophylactic lithium carbonate with and without imipramine for bipolar 1 patients. A double-blind study. AB - The efficacy of lithium carbonate plus imipramine hydrochloride vs lithium carbonate plus placebo in preventing relapse was assessed in a prospective, random-assignment double-blind study of 75 bipolar 1 patients. Outcome measures included type of relapse, time until relapse, and subsequent illness course. Infrequent depression relapse in either treatment group precluded any demonstration of an advantage of adding imipramine to a lithium carbonate regimen. There was little evidence that the combination of lithium carbonate and imipramine caused adverse reactions. However, interactions between type of most recent episode, treatment condition, sex, and type of relapse showed that women and mania-prone patients treated with imipramine had an increased risk of mania. Life table analysis showed that the overall probability of remaining well was the same for both treatment groups and that two thirds of all relapses occurred in the first six months. PMID- 6789794 TI - Surface pits of typical gonadotrophs and castration cells of the rat anterior pituitary suggestive of exocytosis and micropinocytosis. AB - For a long time, the occurrence of exocytotic discharge of secretory granules from the typical gonadotrophs (Type 1 gonadotrophs) of the anterior pituitary has been doubted. A simple observation with immunocytochemistry and morphometric examination using transmission electron microscopes indicated an increase in number of surface pits and subsurface vesicles of the typical gonadotrophs after castration, which were confirmed by immunocytochemical reaction with anti-LH beta. Large pits and vesicles were also increased progressively as days after castration advanced. Some large pits contained dense granules or less dense flocculent substance. These findings suggest that the typical gonadotrophs also exert granule discharge by the mechanism of exocytosis and concomitant retrieval of surface plasma membrane by the micropinocytosis. PMID- 6789795 TI - Oxidative deamination of 14C putrescine in mouse tissues in vivo. AB - Oxidative deamination of 14C putrescine was examined in vivo in mice. Exogenous putrescine is catabolized rapidly; 2.5 min after i.v. putrescine infection, its main oxidative metabolites, namely GABA and an unidentified compound were detected in all tissues tested; inhibition of DAO activity by aminoguanidine strongly suppressed formation of both products. PMID- 6789796 TI - Effect of some membrane stabilizing drugs on histamine-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum. AB - The effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), pyridoxine and procaine on histamine induced contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum was investigated. The antiallergic drug DSCG exerted a protective action on ileum against histamine either when it was present or after it was washed out. Procaine, a local anesthetic exerted a similar pharmacological action on ileum to that of DSCG. On the other hand, pyridoxine protected guinea pig ileum against histamine only when it was present in the bath and this effect quickly disappeared after removing of pyridoxine. The mechanism of action of both DSCG and procaine is discussed in relation to their membrane stabilizing effect and inhibition of calcium transport, whereas effect of pyridoxine resembled to some extent, the action of theophylline. PMID- 6789797 TI - Effect of amodiaquine on histamine level and histamine-methyltransferase activity in the rat brain. AB - Amodiaquine, 10(-5) M, totally inhibited the activity of histamine methyltransferase (HMT) in the rat brain. Both peripheral (60 mg/kg i.p.) and central (50 and 100 microgram i.vt.) administration of the drug substantially reduced the HMT activity. Amodiaquine given i.p. or i.vt., in various doses, did not change the endogenous histamine (HI) level in the rat brain at any time studied (1-24 h). Amodiaquine (60 or 120 mg/kg i.p.) administered together with an inhibitor of diamine oxidase, i.e. aminoguanidine (either peripherally or centrally) had no effect on the endogenous HI content. Possible involvement of mechanisms other than methylation or oxidation in regulation of the endogenous HI level in the rat brain is discussed. PMID- 6789800 TI - Limits to efficient operating room scheduling. Lessons from computer-use models. AB - It is not a trivial matter to achieve a high level of utilization in the operation room (OR). The surgeon must give attention to schedule efficiency to contain medical costs. Surgeons should also be aware that 100% utilization of OR time is unrealistic except when there are repetitive, uniform-length procedures. A regular utilization rate below 50% should suggest overstaffing, overbuilding, or poor schedule management. Lessons from scheduling computer use can help make OR utilization more efficient. If a selective, effective algorithm is used in scheduling, norms of utilization should be above 60% and peaks should exceed 75%. For efficiency of scheduling, all ORs should be completely modular and should be large enough to accommodate any type of surgery. PMID- 6789799 TI - Endocarditis complicating home hyperalimentation. AB - Catheter sepsis remains a persistent, though infrequent, complication of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Those select patients requiring home hyperalimentation delivered through Silastic catheters are subject to this serious problem. Reported in this article is a case of Enterococcus endocarditis of the tricuspid valve in a patient receiving home IVH; the endocarditis was recognized early using two-dimensional echocardiography and was treated successfully with catheter removal and IV antibiotic administration. Ideal conditions exist for the formation of endocarditis in the setting of catheter sepsis with parenteral nutrition. Routine echocardiography is indicated when catheter sepsis is documented, since early diagnosis and treatment may reduce invasive cardiac tissue infection and permanent injury. The right atrial catheter generates reflections during echocardiography that require special attention for accurate interpretation. PMID- 6789798 TI - Recovery of viruses from three transport media incorporated into culturettes. AB - A double-blind prospective study was carried out to compare the rates of recovery of viruses from the upper respiratory tracts of children, using three different transport media. Stuart's, Hanks', and Leibovitz-Emory (LEM) media were packaged in the ampules of Culturettes and labeled in code by the manufacturer. Three swabs (one each from culturettes containing different media) were inserted simultaneously into the oropharynx or pressed onto unroofed dermal lesions, transported to the laboratory, and inoculated into MRC (Medical Research Council) 5 and primary monkey kidney-cell cultures. Eighty isolates were obtained from 200 specimens (40%) collected during all four seasons of the year. Parainfluenza virus, enterovirus, adenovirus, and herpes simplex virus accounted for 79% of the isolates. Of 80 isolates, 72 (90%) were recovered in Hanks', 64 (80%) in Stuart's, and 63 (79%) in LEM. The differences were not significant. PMID- 6789801 TI - [Technic for intravascular perfusion fixation of the diaphragm in rats]. PMID- 6789802 TI - [Epilepsy and chronic Chagas disease]. AB - The epileptic syndrome in chronic Chagas' disease is rarely reported in neurological literature. At the present time many papers have demonstrated that histopathological basis of Chagas' disease is a neuronal destruction. The authors studied 167 epileptic patients; 44 out of them had a chronic form of the disease. It was made a comparison of semiologic data between the two groups, and also the evaluation of the therapeutic results with anticonvulsant drugs. The chagasic patients had the onset of epileptic seizures later than the control group, with great predominance of partial seizures of autonomic type. The neurologic examination and cerebrospinal fluid test revealed moderate rates of disturbances, but not sufficient to characterize a neurologic syndrome. The EEG study was performed in 15 of the 44 cases and revealed a suggestive pattern of a diffuse cerebral damage in half of patients. Anticonvulsant therapy based on use of phenylhydantoin, barbituric acid derivates, primidone and benzodiazepines, showed that control of epileptic seizures in Chagas' diseases is more difficult and requires greater quantities of drugs than in the control group. PMID- 6789803 TI - Ocular reticulum cell sarcoma. Presentation as retinal detachment with demonstration of monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains on the vitreous cells. AB - A 61-year-old man with a history of cerebral reticulum cell sarcoma-microglioma (histiocytic lymphoma) in remission was initially seen with uveitis and exudative retinal detachment. Pars plana vitreous biopsy established the diagnosis by cytologic findings and allowed the immunofluorescent demonstration of a monoclonal immunoglobulin within the vitreous cells. Direct immunofluorescent microscopy of the vitreous infiltrate may prove to be of benefit in the workup of patients with uveitis in whom malignant lymphoma must be excluded. PMID- 6789804 TI - Route of antibiotic administration in bacterial keratitis. AB - The in vivo antibacterial effectiveness in the rabbit cornea of several antibiotics delivered by topical application, by periocular injection, and by intravenous (IV) inoculation was determined against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Topical instillation of antibiotic was highly effective in eliminating these organisms from the cornea. In contrast, despite a considerable increase in the quantity of antibiotic administered, we could demonstrate no statistically significant reduction in the number of viable staphylococcal or Pseudomonas organisms in the cornea when the antibiotic was given by periocular or by IV injection. PMID- 6789805 TI - Changes in the concentration of gonadotropic and steroidal hormones in the antral fluid of ovarian follicle throughout the oestrous cycle of the sheep. PMID- 6789806 TI - Norwalk virus gastroenteritis in volunteers consuming depurated oysters. AB - Following the widespread outbreaks of oyster-associated gastroenteritis which occurred throughout Australia in 1978, several programmes were introduced to minimise the occurrence of further outbreaks. One programme included the depuration (purification) of oysters and the use of human volunteers to test consume samples from batches of depurated oysters before their sale to the public. Oysters from the Georges River and Brisbane Waters were test-consumed from December, 1978, to August, 1979. None of the volunteers was ill after consuming Brisbane Waters oysters but 52 reported ill after eating Georges River oysters. The predominant symptoms were nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea with an average incubation period of 42 hours. Recovery was usually complete in 36-48 hours. Of the 52 illnesses reported 31 (60%) occurred in two particular weeks ending July 1st and 22nd when rates of 18.3% and 7.8% were reported. The average illness rate for the remainder of the period under study was only 1%. Norwalk virus was found in 8 of 25 (32%) stools, and antibody increases demonstrated in seven of ten paired sera, giving an overall diagnostic rate for Norwalk infection of 37.0% for these two peak periods. Heavy rain preceded these two weeks in which the illnesses occurred. No evidence of Norwalk infection was found at any other time. These studies confirmed the epidemiological findings of the major outbreak of gastroenteritis in 1978, and showed that only Georges River oysters caused Norwalk virus infections and that depuration as carried out in 1979 was not entirely satisfactory. PMID- 6789807 TI - Renal regulation of acid-base balance. PMID- 6789808 TI - Renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6789809 TI - The effect of an anabolic steroid on body composition in patients receiving intravenous nutrition. AB - In this controlled trial we investigated the effect of an anabolic steroid, in terms of the changes in body composition that occurred in ill surgical patients requiring intravenous nutrition. Glucose was the sole non-protein energy source. The study was conducted over a 14-day study period in two comparable groups of 13 patients. The changes in body weight, fat, protein and water were measured. The control group received a nutrient solution of hypertonic dextrose and amino acids (44.8 +/- 8.2 kcal/kg/day), and the comparative group received the same solution (44.3 +/- 5.2 kcal/kg/day) and 100 mg of an intramuscular injection of nandrolone decanoate at the commencement of the study and again one week later. Over the two week study period both groups gained body weight. In the controls this was composed of fat (0.4 kg) and water 1.5 kg). In the anabolic steroid group, weight gain was mainly water, and fat gain did not occur. Neither group gained body protein. Diuretic therapy was required more often (21 patient days compared with 5 patients days; p less than 0.001) in the anabolic steroid group to control excessive water retention. Our study has shown no benefit from an anabolic steroid when given in combination with a 14-day course of intravenous nutrition. Water retention was more of a problem with this therapy. PMID- 6789810 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the anterior urethra. PMID- 6789811 TI - Enterolith ileus complicating a jejunal diverticulum. PMID- 6789812 TI - Brucella abortus titres and bursitis in the horse. PMID- 6789813 TI - Caseous lymphadenitis in goats. AB - Two dairy goat stud herds were surveyed for Corynebacterium ovis infection by clinical examination and serum tests using both the haemolysis inhibition and double immunodiffusion techniques for detection of C. ovis antitoxin. In one herd, of 53 goats 11 had abscesses from which C. ovis was recorded; 33 and 29 goats were positive to the haemolysis inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests respectively. Serums from 10 and 9 of 23 kids gave reactions positive to the respective tests with 19 of 23 kids having been born to does with demonstrable antibody. In a second herd of 57 goats 16 had superficial abscesses containing C. ovis; serums from 34 and 45 goats gave positive reactions to the haemolysis inhibition and double immunodiffusion tests respectively. The prevalence of caseous lymphadenitis in these stud herds was a cause of economic loss to the owners through euthanasia of severely affected goats, reduced milk production and emaciation, the cost of labour and drugs for treatment, jeopardisation of income from boarding or mating with outside stock and the appearance of goats at stud shows, and sale of valuable breeding stock to local and export markets. PMID- 6789814 TI - Isolation of avian influenza virus in Texas. AB - An avian influenza virus with surface antigens similar to those of fowl plague virus (Hav 1 Nav 2) was isolated in 1979 from 2 commercial turkey flocks in Central Texas. Two flocks in contact with these infected flocks developed clinical signs, gross lesions, and seroconversion but yielded no virus. This was the first recorded incidence of clinical avian influenza in Texas turkeys and only the second time that an agent with these surface antigens was isolated from turkeys in U.S. PMID- 6789815 TI - Polycystic ovarian disease--current concepts. PMID- 6789816 TI - A heterophile antigen associated with experimental toxoplasmosis. AB - The biological characteristics of a heterophile protein (HP) in peritoneal exudate from mice, hamsters, rats, and guinea pigs infected with Toxoplasma gondii were studied by immunofluorescence, immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion techniques using specific antisera raised in rabbits. HP of mice had the highest antigenicity, HP of hamsters and rats had intermediate antigenicity and HP of guinea pigs had the lowest antigenicity. HP was found in normal peritoneal exudates from mice, hamsters and rats inoculated with paraffin oil instead of T. gondii and in normal guinea pig serum. HP was detected by the fluorescent antibody technique on the surface of T. gondii in peritoneal exudates of mice, but not on mouse peritoneal cells, and by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique on L cells infected with T. gondii and on free Toxoplasma derived from them, but not on uninfected L cells. T. gondii could make host cells produce HP to cover its surface for protection. The relation between HP from host cells and T. gondii is discussed. PMID- 6789817 TI - Lipoxygenbase-derived products of arachidonic acid mediate stimulation of hexose uptake in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6789818 TI - Inactivation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase by Fs++ and a cytosolic protein. PMID- 6789821 TI - Proton magnetic relaxation in intact mice lungs during oxygen exposure. PMID- 6789819 TI - Calcium binding to alpha-lactalbumin: structural rearrangement and association constant evaluation by means of intrinsic protein fluorescence changes. PMID- 6789822 TI - Protonation of methotrexate bound to the catalytic site of dihydrofolate from Lactobacillus casei. PMID- 6789820 TI - Apo A-I and apo A-II inhibit hepatic triglyceride lipase from human postheparin plasma. PMID- 6789823 TI - Anti-glycosyl antibodies: antibodies directed against the carbohydrate moieties of a glycoprotein. PMID- 6789824 TI - Multiple forms of solubilized and partially resolved cytochrome P-450 from rats induced by 2,3,5,2',3',5'- and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyls. PMID- 6789825 TI - Partial purification and characterization of steroid 12 alpha-monooxygenase. PMID- 6789826 TI - Aphidicolin inhibits repair of DNA in UV-irradiated human fibroblasts. PMID- 6789827 TI - Coliphage T7 receptors are present in Pseudomonas aeruginosa rough lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 6789828 TI - Stereoselective synthesis of chaulmoogric acid and related fatty acid from 2-(+/ )-cyclopentenecarboxylic acid by bacillus subtilis (ATCC 7059). PMID- 6789829 TI - Aphidicolin does not inhibit the repair synthesis of mitotic chromosomes. PMID- 6789830 TI - 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase, the reaction of lysine residues connected with enzymatic activity. PMID- 6789831 TI - A phytohaemahglutinin from the Azolla-Anabaena symbiosis. PMID- 6789832 TI - Effect of rifampicin on the mouse hepatic mixed-function oxidase system. PMID- 6789833 TI - Sex steroids and drug metabolism. A sex-related difference in hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylation in sprague-dawley rats. PMID- 6789834 TI - Structure-activity study on induction of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by azo compounds. PMID- 6789837 TI - Characterization and immunoassay of apolipoprotein D. PMID- 6789836 TI - Constitutional articular cartilage dysplasia with accumulation of complex lipids in chondrocytes and precocious arthrosis. PMID- 6789835 TI - In vivo and in vitro irreversible binding of hexamethylmelamine to liver and ovarian tumor macromolecules of mice. PMID- 6789838 TI - Cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer in Felty's syndrome: role of lithium carbonate. AB - A 61-yr-old white man with Felty's syndrome, who had previously undergone splenectomy, presented for cytotoxic chemotherapy. Random granulocyte counts remained low, prohibiting the initiation of such treatment. A trial of lithium carbonate was instituted, resulting in prompt elevation of granulocyte counts into the normal range. Cytotoxic chemotherapy was then administered, and fluctuations of neutrophil counts similar to those of hematologically normal individuals were observed. PMID- 6789840 TI - Preaggregation reactions of platelets. AB - Whether platelet volume increases during the morphological changes preceding aggregation has been investigated. Previous research is controversial; resistive counting techniques reveal an increase, centrifugal methods do not. Platelets were sized with a computerized, resistive-particle counter before and after incubation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Resistive volume increased by 14% (p less than 0.001) in the absence of EDTA, and only 7% in its presence (ADP, 10 micro M). EDTA inhibited platelet volume changes, whether these were shrinking induced by warming or swelling by ADP. Handling of platelets, such as during centrifugation, also caused particle swelling. Particle density decreased after ADP exposure, without release of serotonin, suggesting uptake of water. Platelet shape was experimentally manipulated to test the hypothesis that resistive volume changes stem from artifacts of particle shape. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that colchicine, chlorpromazine, and a temperature cycle of 0 degrees to 37 degrees all caused extensive alteration from the disc shape. Subsequent exposure to ADP increased resistive volume, and in the case of chlorpromazine, no long pseudopodia were extruded. It is concluded that preaggregation reactions of platelets can be associated with an increase in particle volume, and that earlier research based on centrifugation and the presence of ETA failed to reveal the increase because of inhibitory and apparent swelling effects. PMID- 6789839 TI - Selection of donor platelets for alloimmunized patients using a platelet associated IgG assay. AB - A quantitative immunofluorescence platelet-associated immunoglobulins (PA-IgG) assay was used to detect alloimmunity to platelets in 8/12 multitransfused patients and to perform platelet crossmatching in the 8 alloimmunized patients. The correct separation of multitransfused patients into alloimmune and nonalloimmune groups was substantiated with chromium-51-labeled platelet survival studies. For 5 alloimmunized patients, compatible and incompatible donor platelets were demonstrated by PA-IgG crossmatching and were confirmed by platelet survival studies. With the other 3 alloimmunized patients, only studies with 5 of these incompatible donor platelets showed markedly reduced survival times on 4 occasions. PA-Igg compatible donor platelets survived 3.5-8.7 days, while PA-IgG incompatible platelets showed survival times of 0.1-2.4 days. Overall, PA-IgG testing correctly indicated survival results on 15/17 occasions (88%), whereas platelet aggregation, serotonin release, and lymphocytotoxicity testing showed correct predictions for only 41%-59% of the survival studies. PA IgG testing predicted which times, thus indication patients with platelet specific alloantibodies. the PA-IgG assay provides a sensitive method to detect platelet alloantibodies and to perform platelet crossmatching, which can complement HLA typing in the selection of donor platelets for alloimmunized patients. PMID- 6789841 TI - Amphotericin-B promotes leukocyte aggregation of nylon-wool-fiber-treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Severe pulmonary reactions have been reported in patients receiving leukocyte transfusion and amphotericin-B. To study the interaction of amphotericin-B with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), purified human PMN were incubated with 200 mg of nylon wool fiber for 60 min either in the absence or presence of 2 mM EDTA. PMN were recovered in acid citrate dextrose solution and were suspended in balanced salt solution for determination of their aggregation properties. The cells exposed to nylon wool fibers without EDTA aggregated in response to concentration as low as 1.25 micrograms/ml of amphotericin-B. Cells initially treated with EDTA, however, failed to aggregate. Serum from a patient treated with amphotericin-B aggregated PMN exposed to nylon wool fiber but not control cells, whereas serum taken before amphotericin was given without effect on the PMN treated with nylon wool fiber. Amphotericin-B at 5 micrograms/ml failed to potentiate the release of beta-glucocuronidase or lactic dehydrogenase by PMN treated by nylon wool beyond that seen with exposure to the fibers alone. Rabbit peripheral blood was similarly incubated with nylon wool fibers and the recovered PMN were infused into recipient rabbits that had received 1 mg/kg of amphotericin B intravenously 1 hr prior to the infusion of the leukocytes. Rabbits were sacrificed 30 min after transfusion of PMN, and their lungs were excised for histologic sectioning. Those rabbits receiving a combination of amphotericin-B and 4 x 10(7) nylon-wool-fiber-treated PMN had evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage and accumulation of leukocytes in the pulmonary vasculature whereas those animals who received such cells alone had normal appearing lung tissue. In summary, amphotericin-B at concentrations achievable in vivo enhanced the aggregation of PMN damaged by incubation with nylon fiber with subsequent accumulation of the phagocytes in pulmonary tissue. PMID- 6789842 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to von Willebrand's factor: reactivity with porcine and human antigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to porcine von Willebrand's factor (vWf) were obtained from hybridomas derived from the fusion of NS-1 plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from immunized BALB/c mice. Twenty hybrids were positive in a radioimmunoassay based on the ability of immobilized hybridoma antibodies to bind porcine vWf as detected by the subsequent binding of 125I-polyclonal rabbit anti-vWf. Growth of the hybridomas as ascitic tumors yielded fluids having titers in this assay ranging from 8 x 10(7) to 8 x 10(11). All the antibodies were positive when normal, but not von Willebrand's, plasma was used as the source fo antigen in this RIA, and when normal, but not von Willebrand's, acetone-fixed platelets were used in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Two of these antibodies inhibited both ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and platelet aggregating factor. In a second radioimmunoassay, only 13 were of the 20 antibodies were reactive with human vWf, and two of these would not react with human antigen in the presence of 2M Nacl. Bases on these assays, six reactivity groups of antibodies could be identified. PMID- 6789843 TI - Storage of platelet concentrates using ion exchange resin charged with dibasic phosphate.. AB - Platelet concentrates were prepared at twice the normal concentration and stored at room temperature for 7 days in either standard bags (controls) or bags to which 1 or 2 g of Amberlite resin beads charged with dibasic phosphate had been added. The resin beads served as a buffer system by providing a "slow release" form of phosphate ions as well as by binding CO2 produced during platelet metabolism. Control platelets demonstrated rapid falls in pH, ATP content, morphology score, and thrombin-induced nucleotide release after 24 hr of storage with a fall in pH to less than 6.0 by day 3. Profound ultrastructural changes and a rise in pO2, suggesting loss of platelet viability, accompanied these changes. In contrast, the resin-stored platelets remained near normal after 24 hr of storage, with preservation of discoid morphology, 95% of ATP levels, excellent ultrastructural appearance, and evidence of continued oxygen consumption after 3 days of storage. Even after 7 days of storage, ATP levels remained greater than 50% of baseline and ultrastructurally intact platelets were seen. In the 1-g resin bags the pH remained at baseline levels (6.9-7.0), while there was a rise in pH in the 2-g resin bags. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of maintaining a higher pH during platelet storage and provide a new approach to studying the metabolic changes that occur during longer term storage. PMID- 6789844 TI - A human b-cell lymphoma synthesizing and expressing surface mu-chain in the absence of detectable light chain. AB - Lymph node cells obtained from a case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, of follicular center cell histology, were seen by immunofluorescence to express immunoglobulin mu heavy chains but no detectable light chain on their surfaces. Antibody specific for determinants expressed only on uncombined mu-chain reacted with these cell surfaces, but not with normal or neoplastic cells expressing surface IgM. Analysis of radioiodinated surface material revealed mu-chains which, without reduction, migrated on SDS-gel electrophoresis as normal mu-chain monomers, and again failed to detect light chains. Lysates of cells incubated with 3H-leucine revealed the synthesis of mu-chains but not of light chains. The labeled mu-chains were not secreted into the culture supernatant, a finding confirmed in parallel cultures by radioimmunoassay. The findings are discussed with particular reference to current concepts of the "mu-chain only" phenotype. PMID- 6789845 TI - Normal pregnancy in a patient with a prior postpartum factor VIII inhibitor: with observations on pathogenesis and prognosis. AB - A 22-yr-old primigravada developed a hemorrhagic diathesis 6 days after delivering a normal female infant and was found to have an immunoglobulin inhibitor of factor VIII (15 Bethesda units). The patient was treated with prednisone and the bleeding stopped soon thereafter. Her inhibitor titer decreased over the next 8 mo, at which time no inhibitor was detectable. Nine months later she became pregnant again and proceeded to have an uneventful pregnancy and delivery of a normal female infant without evidence of a recurrence of the inhibitor. Studies of 3H-thymidine incorporation into the patient's lymphocytes in the presence of her own plasma or plasmas from her husband, normals, a von Willebrand patient, and a hemophilic patient yielded equivocal results. Analysis of VIII:CAg using 2 different antisera failed to discern immunologic differences between the VIII:CAg of the patient, her husband, or her first child. A review of the literature revealed that there were no recurrences with second pregnancies in any of the 8 patients with postpartum factor VIII inhibitors whose inhibitors had completely disappeared prior to delivery. While the pathogenesis of this disorder remains uncertain, the apparently favorable prognosis for such patients should be considered in counselling with regard to future pregnancies. PMID- 6789846 TI - The interference of leukocytes and platelets with measurement of clucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity of erythrocytes with low activity variants of the enzyme. AB - Complete removal of leukocytes and platelets from whole blood showed that the glucose-6-phosphage dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in "pure" erythrocytes from G6PD deficient hemizygous Sardinian subjects is consistently lower than reported in the literature. Thus, although non of 27 hemizygous subjects showed undetectable erythrocyte G6PD activity, their levels ranged between 0.0015 and 0.008 IU/g Hb, as compared with a mean value of 4.5 IU/g Hb in normal subjects. Most of the biochemical peoperties that were formerly ascribed to erythrocyte G6PD appear to be those of the enzyme from contaminating leukocytes and (or) platelets. PMID- 6789847 TI - [Human carbuncle (anthrax) Presentation of a case]. AB - A case of human anthrax in a 12-month-old child is presented. Most recent literature and pathophysiology of this disease was reviewed. Our attention was called upon patient's age, rarity of this disease in our country and mainly, the form of presentation which difficulted the clinical and laboratory diagnosis. It was characterized by the presence of pustules over the entire surface of the body, with respiratory and neurological manifestations. Diagnosis was made on the basis of cultures of skin lesions and treatment was done with sodium crystalline penicillin and later, potassium V penicillin. Progress was satisfactory and the patient was discharged after 24 days of hospital stay. PMID- 6789848 TI - A neuroethological approach to hamster vision. AB - The contributions of the midbrain optic tectum to visuomotor behaviors likely to be important to hamsters in the wild were studied, including aperture detection, insect catching, and barrier avoidance. Following tectal undercuts, hamsters ceased to make direct approaches to apertures in the posterior 180 degrees of the visual field; this appeared to be mediated by a loss of exploratory or scanning head movements. Reorientation to and pursuit of crickets jumping out of grasp into the visual periphery was impaired, though initial approach to them was not. Barrier avoidance was unaffected by tectal undercuts. This pattern is similar to the contribution of the frog and toad optic tectum to analogous visuomotor tasks. The contribution of the tectum to searching and scanning in the hamster is an extension of the basic orienting capabilities dependent on optic tectum in anurans. PMID- 6789849 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin treatment on left ventricular contractile function in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - The effect of intravenously injected nitroglycerin on the left ventricular contractile function was studied in 17 patients during the first day of transmural myocardial infarction using uni- and two-dimensional ultrasound technique. The data obtained demonstrated a positive time course of some of the main characteristics of the left ventricular contractile function: a decreased end-diastolic and end-systolic left ventricular volume, and an increased ejection fraction. The local contractile function of injured and intact segments of the myocardium increased only in a few of cases observed. PMID- 6789850 TI - [Changes in intracardiac hemodynamics and the tolerance for physical loading as affected by Nitrong in persons suffering from ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6789851 TI - Sodium cromoglycate: spincaps or metered dose aerosol. AB - 1 Sodium cromoglycate administered as a dry powder inhalation (20 mg/dose) via the Spinhaler was compared with a metered dose aerosol (2 mg/dose) in an eight week double dummy double blind crossover trial in 29 asthmatic children. 2 The powder formulation was associated with significantly less symptoms (night wheeze, night cough, day wheeze, day cough, activity) and bronchodilator intake; and significantly greater weight gain than aerosol therapy. There were no significant differences in morning or evening peak flow measurements on the two treatments. 3 The powder may be more effectively inhaled than the aerosol or the dose of the aerosol may not be large enough. PMID- 6789852 TI - Lack of effect of valproate on paracetamol (acetaminophen) disposition in epileptic patients. PMID- 6789854 TI - Initiation and promotion at different ages and doses in 2200 mice. II. Decrease in promotion by TPA with ageing. AB - Using the data described in Paper I, we compare the effects of the same treatment timings and doses given at different ages. Initiation with DMBA at 68 weeks of age, followed 3 weeks later by TPA, has a significantly (P less than 0.0001) less rapid effect on subsequent tumour incidence than does initiation at 8 or at 48 weeks of age, followed 3 weeks later by TPA. We suggested that this is chiefly due not to changes in the numbers of cells initiated by DMBA, but rather to a decrease in the promotional efficacy of TPA in ageing mice. PMID- 6789853 TI - Initiation and promotion at different ages and doses in 2200 mice. I. Methods, and the apparent persistence of initiated cells. AB - Delay between initiation and promotion on mouse skin was in 1949 reported by Berenblum and Shubik not to affect tumour yields, and this led to the important concept of the irreversibility of initiation and stimulated the development of multistage models. Subsequent reports have, however, suggested that delay does decrease tumour yields, and this is confirmed by the present study of 2200 mice initiated at 8, 48, or 68 weeks with 10, 30, 100, or 300 microgram of DMBA and promoted by a standard dose of TPA for 15 weeks, after various delays. However, our data suggest that the decrease in tumour yields is chiefly or wholly due to a reduction, among ageing mice, of the ability to respond to promoters, and not to any substantial loss of initiated cells, for late initiation with immediate promotion also yielded a less rapid response than early initiation with immediate promotion. Interpretation of all such studies is complicated by the few weeks that the skin needs to repair ulceration and other damage induced by the higher doses of DMBA, for if promotion with TPA begins before such repair is complete the tumour yield may be misleadingly increased. PMID- 6789855 TI - Initiation and promotion at different ages and doses in 2200 mice. III. Linear extrapolation from high doses may underestimate low-dose tumour risks. AB - The dose-response relationships from the data described in Paper I were analysed. Among unpromoted animals, only doses sufficient to cause ulceration with subsequent promotion due to wound healing caused a rapid crop of tumours, so the dose-response curve exhibited strong upward curvature. Among promoted animals, the response of the skin to initiation appeared to have been nearly saturated by all DMBA doses tested, so that a 30-fold decrease in dose produced only a 3-fold decrease in effect. The dose-response relationship thus exhibited strong downward curvature. Among promoted animals, estimation of the risks associated with very low doses of carcinogen by linear extrapolation through the origin from the effects of larger doses (which is often assumed to be conservative) would under estimate the true risks by 10-fold or more. Our results emphasize that whereas linear interpolation from the results of high doses may be reasonable for data on the effects of continuous treatment with non-toxic dose levels of carcinogen, it may be misleading when extrapolating, as here, from the effects of single large doses. PMID- 6789856 TI - Binding of peanut lectin to germinal-centre cells: a marker for B-cell subsets of follicular lymphoma? AB - The binding of horseradish-peroxidase-labelled peanut lectin (HRP-PNL) to cryostat sections of tonsil, lymphoma lymph nodes, reactive lymph nodes and miscellaneous tumours demonstrated that PNL binds selectively to lymphocytes in germinal centres. Lymph nodes from 21 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were phenotyped as cell suspensions for PNL binding, and the following surface markers: E rosetting, C3d, SIg, OK markers of T-cell subsets, Ig heavy-chain and light-chain classes. There was a positive correlation between PNL binding and cells with SIg and C3d receptors. 4/5 cases of centroblastic/centrocytic follicular lymphoma had a PNL+ SIg+ C3d+ phenotype. Both cases of centroblastic/centrocytic diffuse lymphoma were PNL-. There was no correlation between PNL binding and heavy- or light-chain Ig class. PNL binding and presence of C3d receptors were not always positively correlated, indicating that follicular cells may be either PNL+ SIg+ C3d+ or PNL+ SIg+ C3d-. The binding pattern of PNL to 1 case of thymic hyperplasia and 2 cases of malignant lymphoma lymphoblastic T type suggested that some but not all cortical thymocytes bind PNL. PMID- 6789857 TI - Localization of human tumour xenografts after i.v. administration of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (LICR-LON/HT13) has been developed to a cell-surface antigen carried on a human germ-cell tumour xenograft (HX39). After radioiodination, the antibody localized in vivo preferentially in xenografted tumours as opposed to normal mouse tissue, whereas tumor uptake did not occur with normal mouse IgG or nonspecific monoclonal IgG. This selective localization could be abolished by simultaneous injection of an excess of the unlabelled LICR LON/HT13. The kinetics of and factors influencing localization have been examined. Tumour weight was important in that the smaller the tumour the better the localization. LICR-LON/HT13 was found to localize also in other xenografted germ-cell tumours, but not in non-germ-cell tumour xenografts. Thus monoclonal antibodies are capable of selective in vivo localization of human tumours in an animal model, and their clinical value should now be assessed. PMID- 6789858 TI - Prospects for an oral Intal. PMID- 6789859 TI - Positive immediate skin tests in cystic fibrosis: a possible role for Pseudomonas infection. AB - A review was made of the medical records of 49 patients from whose sputum mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa had been isolated over a 20-month period. This showed that 31 of 42 had positive immediate skin prick tests to common antigens. 21 had positive reactions to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens and 23 had precipitins to A. fumigatus antigen. 36 patients had had frequent courses of antibiotics and airway obstruction was present in 47. These results have prompted the hypothesis that the positive skin test reactions in patients with cystic fibrosis may in part be explained by the abundance of fungal and bacterial antigens that occur in the respiratory tract of these patients. The former antigens sensitize the immunoglobulin E producing cells whilst the latter exert an adjuvant action and facilitate this. PMID- 6789860 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Eleven patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, all requiring dapsone to control their rash and taking a normal diet, were given disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) 1.5 1.6 g daily. Eight out of the eleven patients continued to take DSCG for periods varying from 6-11 months, the other three patients chose to discontinue the DSCG before 6 months. Of the eight patients taking DSCG for at least 6 months, none was able to stop taking dapsone. In three of the eight, the dapsone requirements were unaltered, whilst in two it decreased and in three it increased. The mean daily dose of dapsone was 105 mg/day before DSCG and 141 mg/day after DSCG. In the eight patients who took DSCG for at least 6 months, intestinal biopsies were performed before and after this drug. The macroscopic appearance was unchanged in four, improved in two and worse in two. The mean interepithelial lymphocyte count was 346 before and 342 after DSG. PMID- 6789861 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma with recurrent subdural effusions. AB - A 2-year-old girl with extensive cutaneous xanthogranuloma and recurrent subdural effusions has been investigated. Differentiation from histiocytosis X depended upon light and electron microscopical studies of the cutaneous infiltrate and cells obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid. The recurrent subdural effusions responded well to cranial irradiation. Although juvenile xanthogranuloma is generally a benign cutaneous disorder, a spectrum of naevoid proliferative changes involving systemic organs may occur. PMID- 6789862 TI - The preparation and properties of monoclonal antibodies against human granulocyte membrane antigens. AB - A series of four monoclonal antibodies has been prepared by hybridization of mouse myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice immunized with human blood granulocytes. The four antibodies all react specifically with granulocytes, failing to stain lymphocytes and other blood cells. Lymphocytic leukaemia cells are not stained, whereas myeloid leukaemia cells give a varied reaction with the antibodies. Studies on marrow, leukaemic cells and cell lines suggest that the four antibodies react with distinct differentiation antigens which are absent from myeloblasts, appear at the promyelocyte, myelocyte or metamyelocyte stage (depending on the antibody in question) and are expressed on all mature granulocytes. PMID- 6789863 TI - The absorption and metabolism of oral oestradiol, oestrone and oestriol. AB - The absorption, metabolism and clearance of oestradiol, oestrone and oestriol from the peripheral circulation were investigated in five postmenopausal women after the oral administration of Hormonin (oestradiol 600 micrograms, oestrone 1400 micrograms, oestriol 270 micrograms) daily for five consecutive days. In addition the concentrations of plasma oestrone-3-sulphate, oestrone-3 glucuronide, LH and FSH were determined in the same plasma samples. The maximum concentration of each steroid in peripheral plasma and the time intervals during which the peak occurred after ingestion of the last tablet were: -oestrone (750 to 2116 pmol/l, 0.5 to 6.0 hours), oestradiol (246 to 813 pmol/l, 1 to 8 hours), oestriol (173 to 241 pmol/l, 5 to 12 hours), oestrone-3-glucuronide (32.2 to 78.8 nmol/l, 0.5 to 3.0 hours) and oestrone-3-sulphate (21.9 to 39.0 nmol/l, 1 to 7 hours). The mean factorial increases in the concentration of each compound during the first 12 hours post-treatment over the baseline values were: -oestrone (4.1); oestradiol (4.4); oestriol (1.7); oestrone-3-sulphate (2.6) and oestrone-3 glucuronide (8.1). After treatment, the concentration of plasma oestradiol remained significantly higher than the baseline values (p less than 0.025) for 24 hours and the values for each subject were within the normal range of premenopausal women. Moreover, there was a significant reduction (p less than 0.025) in the level of circulating LH. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol, by mouth, to postmenopausal women is a good approach to maintaining an appropriate concentration of oestradiol in peripheral plasma. PMID- 6789864 TI - Hazards associated with narrow bore naso-gastric tube feeding. PMID- 6789865 TI - The tumour potentiating effect of cryosurgery on carcinogen treated hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 6789867 TI - Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains. 3. A comparison of ileal availability values with faecal, chemical and enzymic estimates. AB - 1. Availability values for amino acids in nine cereal grains determined by faecal analyses with pigs and by the Silcock available lysine test (Roach et al. 1967) and an in vitro digestibility assay were compared with ileal availability values for the same grains determined with pigs by Taverner et al. (1981 b). 2. There was a significant canonical correlation of ileal and faecal availability values. On average, apparent faecal availability of the indispensable amino acids was 4.2% greater than apparent ileal availability, but the difference was up to 12.6% for threonine. Furthermore, the difference appeared to increase as the digestibility of the grain decreased. 3. Silcock available-lysine values for the cereal grains were unrelated to the lysine truly absorbed by the pig. 4. There were close relationships of ileal protein and lysine availability values of nitrogen digestibility determined by an in vitro assay using pronase enzyme. PMID- 6789866 TI - Zinc absorption in the rat. AB - 1. A method of studying zinc absorption in rats has been developed in which binding of radioactive Zn to the intestinal mucosa and absorption into the carcass was determined at different times after administration by stomach tube. 2. This technique has been used to evaluate different hypotheses concerning the control of Zn absorption and to examine the processes by which this occurs. 3. The proportion of radioactive Zn absorbed into the carcass was found to be dependent on the Zn status of the animals but that found within the small intestinal wall was independent of this, indicating the existence of two mechanisms of Zn absorption. 4. One of these two mechanisms has been shown to be induced by a low dietary Zn content while the other was shown to be insensitive to this. This latter mechanism predominated in rats of normal dietary Zn, status and a study of the characteristics of this process indicated that the quantity of Zn absorbed was proportional to the dietary Zn content over the normal range of intake. This implies that normally Zn homeostasis in rats is achieved through variations in Zn excretion. The additional mechanism of Zn absorption only becomes fully active at levels of dietary Zn below 0.24 MUMOL/g diet. PMID- 6789868 TI - Availability to pigs of amino acids in cereal grains. 4. Factors influencing the availability of amino acids and energy in grains. AB - 1. Protein digestibility and lysine availability were determined in a range of grain samples using an in vivo digestibility assay calibrated with ileal digestibility values. 2. Mean (+/- SE) values predicted for nitrogen digestibility were 0.92 +/- 0.011 in wheat and 0.88 +/- 0.021 in barely, and the predicted lysine availability in wheat was 0.86 +/- 0.021. 3. Chemical and physical characteristics of the grains were determined and those most closely associated with protein digestibility for wheat were the contents of hemicellulose, neutral-detergent fibre, the bulk density, and to a lesser extent, N and acid-detergent fibre content. These relationships were used to determine prediction equations for the availability lysine content of wheat. PMID- 6789869 TI - Utilization of amino acid analogues in diets of young turkeys. AB - 1. The relative potencies of three lysine, one tryptophan and six methionine analogues to their corresponding l-amino acids were determined. 2. Male poults, 9 d of age, were used in five 14 d experiments. Experimental diets were formed by adding increasing levels of an amino acid (L-isomer) or its analogues to a basal diet deficient in the test amino acid. Multiple-regression analyses of body weight gain v. level of added or amount of consumed amino acid supplement were computed. Relative potencies of the analogues were calculated using the slope ratio technique. 3. Type of independent variable used in the regression analyses did not significantly affect relative potency values. 4. From regression analyses with level of added amino acid supplement as the independent variable, relative potencies (with 95% confidence intervals) on a molar basis of each analogue as a percentage of the respective amino acid were: hydroxymethyl-L-tryptophan monohydrate 9(-12, 22), DL-methionine sulphone 3 (-68, 36), DL-methionine hydantoin - 10 (-63, 29), L-cystine 8 (-31, 40), DL-methionine sulphoxide 59 (24, 95) and 46 (18, 74), oleoyl-DL-methionine 77 (37,138), methionine hydroxy analogue calcium 93 (65, 128), dicocoyl-L-lysine 23 (5,41), bis-hydroxymethyl-L lysine-calcium 69 (54, 84 and 41 (-1,80), mono-hydroxymethyl-L-lysine-calcium 89 (77, 101) and 99 (65, 134). 5. The first four analogues appeared to have little or no amino acid activity. DL-methionine sulphoxide, dicocoyl-L-lysine, and bis hydroxymethyl-L-lysine -calcium were partially active. Relative potencies of oleoyl-DL-methionine, methionine hydroxy analogue calcium, and mono-hydroxymethyl L-lysine- calcium were not significantly different from those of their corresponding amino acids. PMID- 6789870 TI - Utilization of free lysine by growing pigs. AB - 1. The results of nine estimates of the efficiency of utilization of supplements of free lysine by growing pigs fed once daily and reported by Batterham (1974) and Batterham & O'Neill (1978) were re-analysed using carcass rather than live weight values as the criteria of response. 2. The efficiency of utilization of free lysine with once daily feeding relative to frequent feeding was 0.53 using carcass gain as the criterion of response (P less than 0.001), and 0.56 using food conversion efficiency on a carcass basis (P less than 0.001). These estimated were lower than estimated of 0.67 using live-weight gain (P less than 0.01) and 0.77 using food conversion ratio on a live-weight basis (P less than 0.05). 3. The results indicate that current estimates of the lysine requirements of pigs that are based on responses to supplements of free lysine under once daily feeding regimens may be 10-30% over-estimated, as a result of incomplete utilization of the free lysine. PMID- 6789871 TI - Biochemical characterization of the lizard toxin gilatoxin. AB - The Gila monster (genus Heloderma) is the only known lizard to produce and inject a venomous secretion. Little is known about the venom from these lizards, and none of the toxins have been isolated until this time. This paper reports the isolation and characterization of a major lethal toxin (gilatoxin) from the venoms of Heloderma suspectum and Heloderma horridum. Gilatoxins from both species were similar in amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, pI, and immunological reactivity. They are acidic proteins possessing molecular weights of 35 000-37 500 and isoelectric points of 4.25 and consist of a single polypeptide chain. Neither is antigenically related to the venoms of snakes. The toxins are devoid of phospholipase A2 activity and proteolytic, hemorrhagic, and hemolytic activities, with lethality being the only biological activity detectably expressed. The toxins appear to be unique and distinct from those of other venomous animals. PMID- 6789872 TI - Purine nucleoside synthesis, an efficient method employing nucleoside phosphorylases. AB - An improved method for the enzymatic synthesis of purine nucleosides is described. Pyrimidine nucleosides were used as pentosyl donors and two phosphorylases were used as catalysts. One of the enzymes, either uridine phosphorylase (Urd Pase) or thymidine phosphorylase (dThd Pase), catalyzed the phosphorolysis of the pentosyl donor. The other enzyme, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PN Pase), catalyzed the synthesis of the product nucleoside by utilizing the pentose 1-phosphate ester generated from the phosphorolysis of the pyrimidine nucleoside. Urd Pase, dThd Pase, and PN Pase were separated from each other in extracts of Escherichia coli by titration with calcium phosphate gel. Each enzyme was further purified by ion-exchange chromatography. Factors that affect the stability of these catalysts were studied. The pH optima for the stability of Urd Pase, dThd Pase, and PN Pase were 7.6, 6.5, and 7.4, respectively. The order of relative heat stability was Urd Pase greater than PN Pase greater than dThd Pase. The stability of each enzyme increased with increasing enzyme concentration. This dependence was strongest with dThd Pase and weakest with Urd Pase. Of the substrates tested, the most potent stabilizers of Urd Pase, dThd Pase, and PN Pase were uridine, 2'-deoxyribose 1-phosphate, and ribose 1-phosphate, respectively. Some general guidelines for optimization of yields are given. In a model reaction, optimal product formation was obtained at low phosphate concentrations. As examples of the efficiency of the method, the 2' deoxyribonucleoside of 6-(dimethylamino)purine and the ribonucleoside of 2-amino 6-chloropurine were prepared in yields of 81 and 76%, respectively. PMID- 6789873 TI - Effects of thiol reagents on glucose transport in thymocytes. AB - Rat thymocytes were incubated with 3-O-[14C]methyl D-glucose for 1 h and diluted 100X and the efflux was followed for 1 h. In control cells, about half of the methyl glucose efflux was rapid (t 1/2 approximately 3 min) and about half was slow (t 1/2 congruent to 40 min). The fast and slow compartments represent active and quiescent cells, respectively. A physiological mixture of amino acids present during the loading period dramatically increased the amount of methyl glucose exiting rapidly at the expense of that exiting slowly. Further studies revealed that cysteine was entirely responsible for the action. Cysteine (0.06 mM), glutathione (0.5 mM) and dithiothreitol (0.02 mM) added after completion of fast phase exit, stimulated subsequent exit about 3-4-fold with no detectable delay. This action was inhibited by catalase and mimicked by 0.04 mM H2O2 and by 0.03 mM N-ethylmaleimide. It did not require extracellular or intracellular Ca2+. These effects are analogous to those seen in adipocytes, implicating sulfhydryl groups in glucose transport regulation [12]. Sulfhydryl oxidation may be a late event in the chain of events leading to glucose transport stimulation by physiological agents. PMID- 6789874 TI - Rapid membrane response during low-temperature acclimation. Correlation of early changes in the physical properties and lipid composition of Tetrahymena microsomal membranes. AB - When Tetrahymena pyriformis cells grown at 39 degrees C were chilled to 15 degrees C, a rapid desaturation of microsomal phospholipid-bound fatty acids was observed. A concurrent but even more rapid change in the physical properties of the microsomal lipids was detected by steady-state fluorescence polarization measurements of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in lipid multilamellar vesicles. Whereas polarization vs. temperature plots of lipids from 39 degrees C grown cells showed discrete break points (abrupt slope changes thought to indicate altered phase separation rates) at characteristic temperatures, plots made using lipids from equivalent cells chilled to 15 degrees C for 15 or 20 min lacked such clearly defined break points. The sharp break points reappeared in plots of microsomal lipids from cells maintained at 15 degrees C for 30 min or longer, but in these curves the temperature of each break point was several degrees lower than in 39 degrees C-cell lipids and nearly the same as in cells fully acclimated to low temperature (48 h or more at 15 degrees C). Fluorescence polarization studies on mixtures of natural lipids from 39 degrees C-cells and cells shifted to 15 degrees C or on mixtures of natural and synthetic lipids revealed that each of the two break points in a polarization vs. temperature plot can respond to changes in lipid composition independently of the other. It is concluded that the expeditious desaturation of certain key fatty acids, perhaps coupled with limited retailoring of phospholipid molecular species, leads to pronounced physical changes in Tetrahymena microsomal membranes as the first step of low temperature acclimation. PMID- 6789875 TI - Synthesis and properties of new photoactivable derivatives of tetrodotoxin. AB - The Pfitzner-Moffatt oxidation procedure has been used to prepare two new photoactivable derivatives of tetrodotoxin that have been synthesized with high specific radioactivities (17.5 Ci/mmol and 30 Ci/mmol). They specifically bind to axonal membranes with affinities of 5.2-14.2 nM. They dissociate from their membrane complex with half-lives of 10.8 and 20 min. In the dark, these compounds give a reversible block of the sodium channels. After ultraviolet irradiation, they induce an irreversible blockade of the nerve channels. PMID- 6789876 TI - Some properties of alkali-extracted red cell ghost membranes. AB - The properties of integral membrane proteins obtained by dilute alkali extraction of red cell ghosts were examined. A variety of conditions promoted the disulfide mediated aggregation of integral membrane proteins, principally band 3. Procedural modifications which minimized aggregation were the use of EDTA and S alkylation. Integral membrane proteins were solubilized under non-denaturing conditions using Brij 36T, a lauryl polyoxyethylene ether with an NMR-determined average chain length of 8.2 (oxyethylene) units. Detergent gel filtration revealed a chromatographic shoulder due to aggregated band 3 when membrane proteins were not alkylated. Analyses of the column profile also revealed a discrete peak for sialoglycoproteins and two phosphate peaks, an early one due to phospholipid and a later one not identified, but probably due to phosphoinositide. PMID- 6789877 TI - Secretion from rat basophilic leukaemia cells induced by calcium ionophores. Effect of pH and metabolic inhibition. AB - Previous experiments on the functional properties of rat basophilic leukaemia cells showed a major anomaly when compared to normal mast cells: though IgE mediated secretion was dependent on external Ca2+ with both types of cells, substantial non-cytotoxic release with ionophore A23187 could be demonstrated with the normal cells but not with the tumour cells. We now show that when the pH of the incubation medium is increased to 8 it is possible to obtain excellent Ca dependent, non-cytotoxic secretion from tumour basophils with the ionophores A23187 and ionomycin. These results provide further evidence that secretion from the tumour cells occurs via a mechanism similar to that used by normal mast cells and basophils. Experiments with metabolically inhibited tumour cells suggest that their unusual sensitivity to the cytotoxic effects of Ca2+ ionophores may be related to their ability to sequester intracellular calcium. Changes in the conditions of cell culture appeared to produce substantial and at least partially reversible changes in responsiveness to IgE-mediated triggering and ionophores. PMID- 6789878 TI - Amino acid transport via the red cell anion transport system. AB - Evidence is presented that the red cell anion-exchange transporter (Band 3) can selectively transport small neutral amino acids, including glycine, serine and cysteine, but not alanine, proline, valine and threonine. This transport is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of SITS (4-acetamido-4' isothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulphonate), and increased by raising the pH from 6.5 to 8.5. PMID- 6789879 TI - Abnormal responses of granulocytes in chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Stimulation of normal granulocytes with chemotactic factor, phorbol myristate acetate, concanavalin A, and calcium ionophore results in rapid depolarization which precedes the 'respiratory burst'. Treatment of granulocytes in chronic granulomatous disease with these stimulants fails to generate chemiluminescence. This defect is associated with an absence of transmembrane potential shifts in response to treatment with chemotactic factor, phorbol myristate acetate, and concanavalin A while depolarization in response to A23187 is unaffected by this disease state. PMID- 6789880 TI - Identification of the product formed by human erythrocyte galactosyltransferase. AB - Sepharose 4B-immobilized desialylated ovine submaxillary mucin was used as an acceptor for galactose transfer from UDP-galactose, catalyzed by a Triton X-100 solubilized galactosyltransferase from human erythrocyte ghosts. The product could be cleaved from the insoluble acceptor substrate by alkaline borohydride treatment and identified on Bio-Gel P-2 as a disaccharide. The nature of the glycosidic bond of the isolated material was elucidated by periodate oxidation/NaB[3H]4 reduction/acid hydrolysis and subsequent identification of the aminopolyol formed as L-threosaminitol. Specific cleavage of the enzymatic product by beta-galactosidase indicated a beta-configuration for incorporated galactose. These data permit classification of the enzyme as UDP-galactose: alpha D-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-protein beta (1 leads to 3) transferase. Furthermore, in the presence of Triton X-100, the enzyme from normal erythrocytes catalyzed transfer of galactose to the glycan moieties of asialo-agalacto-glycophorin in Tn erythrocytes from a patient with permanent mixed-field polyagglutinability. PMID- 6789881 TI - Interaction of the chymotrypsin- and elastase-like enzymes of the human granulocyte with glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6789882 TI - Further purification and characterization of casein kinases from human erythrocyte hemolysate. Effect of Triton X-100. AB - Two cyclic AMP-independent casein kinases can be isolated from human erythrocyte hemolysate, one of which (referred to as 'casein kinase S') phosphorylates only serine residues of whole commercial casein, while the other (referred to as 'casein kinase TS') phosphorylates both serine and threonine residues of the same substrate. Moreover, the casein kinase S, unlike casein kinase TS, is able to phosphorylate the erythrocyte membrane proteins. The present paper deals with the further characterization of casein kinase S, freed from histone kinase activity by DEAE and subsequent phosphocellulose chromatography of the crude hemolysate in the presence of 0.2% Triton X-100. In particular, cytosol casein kinase S exhibits some physico-chemical and catalytic properties identical to those of the membrane-bound casein kinase, solubilised and purified as previously described. Both casein kinases display the same chromatographic behaviour, the same Sepharose elution volume, the same optimal pH range, the same Km for casein and ATP, the same response to NaCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2, and the same ability to phosphorylate serine but not threonine residues of beta-casein. PMID- 6789883 TI - Specificity patterns of different types of human fucosidase. Recognition of a certain region of the pyranose ring in sugars by the enzymes. AB - Data on the hydrolysis of fucosides, galactosides and arabinosides by different types of fucosidase are presented. The comparative study of the splitting of alpha-L-fucoside and beta-D-arabinoside with a similar structure at C1--C4 of the pyranose ring and the preparation of the enzyme by affinity chromatography showed that both substrates were hydrolysed by the same enzyme, alpha-L-fucoside(beta-D arabinoside)hydrolase. The analogous investigation of the hydrolysis of beta-D fucoside, beta-D-galactoside and alpha-L-arabinoside with a similar structure at C1--C4 of the pyranose ring demonstrated that these glycosides were split by the same enzyne, beta-D-fucoside(beta-D-galactoside, alpha-L-arabinoside)hydrolase, the activity of which is decreased dramatically in GM1-gangliosidosis. The data obtained support the assumption that the specific action of different types of fucosidase is due to recognition by these enzymes of C1--C4 of the pyranose ring in the corresponding substrates. The problems of differential diagnosis of some glycosidoses (focosidosis, GM1-gangliosidosis and Fabry disease) are discussed on the basis of the data obtained. PMID- 6789885 TI - Time- and dose-dependency of intestinal lactase activity in adult rat on starch intake. AB - Although it is generally accepted that lactase (beta-D-galactosidase, EC 3.2.1.23) activity is not influenced by intake of saccharides containing alpha linkages, an effect of these carbohydrates on lactase activity was never thoroughly investigated. Activity of lactase and sucrose alpha-D-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1 48) was determined in proximal, middle and distal thirds of the jejunoileum of female, 12-week-old rats, fed for 2 weeks a low-starch (5 cal%), high-fat (73%) diet, and in rats, that after this introduction period were fed for 1, 2 and 3 days, an isocaloric middle-starch (40%), middle-fat (36%) diet or an isocaloric high-starch (70%), low-fat (7%) diet. During the entire experimental period, the body weight changes, food intake and the amount of protein per segment were practically the same in all three dietary groups. In all intestinal segments, increased intake of starch was followed by an increase of lactase and sucroase activity (both expressed as per tissue protein or per intestinal segment ) within the first day. The increase continued during the second day and leveled off during the third day. A highly significant linear correlation was found between the search content of the diets and the lactase activity in all three segments. A highly significant correlation was also established in all three segments between sucrase and lactase activities. These studies thus demonstrated a dose- and time-dependency between the intake of starch (a carbohydrate containing only alpha-linkages) and the activity of lactase, a neutral beta-galactosidase in adult rats. PMID- 6789884 TI - Effects of retinal growth factor and of the increase of the number of subcultures on sulfated glycosaminoglycans of bovine lens epithelial cells. AB - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans of cultured bovine lens epithelial cells grown in the presence and in the absence of a retinal growth factor were investigated comparatively. The newly formed [35S]sulfate-labeled glycosaminoglycans were analysed in the extra-, peri- and intracellular compartments of early (4--5th) and late 17--18 h) subcultures. The following results were obtained: (1) Cultured lens epithelial cells grown in the presence or in the absence of the growth factor synthesize chondroitin 4- and 6-sulfates and dermatan sulfate, with heparan sulfate as the main component, the pericellular compartments were particularly rich in heparan sulfate; (2) The distribution pattern of the glycosaminoglycans changes during successive subcultures; the proportion of heparan sulfate increases in the pericellular compartment, the dermatan sulfate to chondroitin sulfate ratio increases in all three compartments; (3) IN contrast to the drastic decrease in the fibronectin levels in the presence of growth factor in the early subcultures, only minor differences were found between the glycosaminoglycan patterns of the treated and non-treated cells. PMID- 6789886 TI - Involvement of glycosaminoglycans in detachment of early myeloid precursors from bone-marrow stromal cells. AB - Fibroblast-like cells were obtained by in vitro cultivation of needle aspirations of human bone-marrow. These cells show a unique composition of coat-associated glycosaminoglycans: 10% chondroitin 4-sulfate, 30% hyaluronic acid and 60% heparan sulfate which were resolved and characterized by electrophoresis, nitrous acid treatment and enzymatic degradation. Chondroitin 4-sulfate is the only glycosaminoglycan detectable on the surface of mature granulocytes, whereas the immature cells do not seem to possess surface glycosaminoglycans. Immature hemopoietic cells can adhere on to marrow-derived fibroblast cells, whereas mature granulocytes cannot. Treatment with mucopolysaccharidases of both mature leukocytes and marrow stromal cells can interfere in these adhesive relationships, suggesting a role of glycosaminoglycans in regulating short-range interactions during hematopoiesis. PMID- 6789887 TI - High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of catecholamines in growing and non-growing Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Tetrahymena pyriformis, strains NT-1 and W, harvested in logarithmic (growing) and stationary (non-growing) phases, were found by high-performance liquid chromatography to contain considerable quantities of dopamine. In addition, small amounts of epinephrine and norepinephrine were detected. Logarithmic-phase strain NT-1 cells contained 249 +/- 44 pg dopamine/10(6) cells compared to 477 +/- 42 pg/10(6) cells for logarithmic-phase strain W cells for logarithmic-phase strain W cells. The dopamine content of stationary-phase cells was approximately half the value of the logarithmic-phase cells. There was a significant amount of dopamine in the growth medium from stationary-phase cultures and, to a lesser extent, logarithmic-phase cells. PMID- 6789889 TI - UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase activities in the liver of diabetic mice. AB - The activities of UDPglucuronosyltransferase, microsomal epoxide hydrolase and cytosolic glutathione S-transferase were measured in the liver of spontaneously (db/db and ob/ob) or streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. An important (2-3 fold) increase of most phase II activities was observed in streptozotocin-treated animals, whereas slighter changes were detected in spontaneously diabetic animals. The latter also exhibited physico-chemical modifications of the liver microsomal membranes, as shown by the temperature-induced variations of epoxide hydrolase activity. PMID- 6789888 TI - Distribution of soluble and membranous forms of alkaline phosphatase in the small intestine of the rat. PMID- 6789890 TI - [Study of the reaction between human immunoglobulin G and sodium deoxycholate by the monomolecular layer method]. PMID- 6789891 TI - [Spectral anisotropy of chloroplasts, subchloroplast particles and pigment protein complexes]. AB - Anisotropic properties of pea chloroplasts, subchloroplast fragments (photosystem 1 particles and pigment-protein complexes) and the blue-green algae oriented in polyacrylamide gel were investigated. It was shown that linear dichroism spectra of chloroplasts are the superposition of the corresponding spectra for the main light harvesting complex (HMLC) and P 700 chlorophyll a--protein complex (CP 1). Anisotropic properties of the photosystem 1 particles and blue-green algae are mainly caused by CP 1 anisotropy. Qy-transition moments tend to perpendicular orientation to the membrane plane for the Chl. b 649, Chl. a 660 and parallel orientation--for Chl. b 654, Chl. a 682. The degree of Qy-transition moments parallel orientation is higher for the longwave forms (Chl. a 690, Chl. a 702, Chl. a 712), than for the shortwave ones and coincides with this degree for the reaction centre pigment P 700 transition moment. It is suggested that the specific orientation of the pigment-protein complexes in the chloroplast membrane is important for the regulation of the spillover between two photosystems. PMID- 6789893 TI - [Possibility of the formation of reaction similar to conditioned reflex in the unicellular organism Euglena gracilis]. PMID- 6789892 TI - [Increase in calcium binding by lymphocytes following treatment with mitogenic lectins]. PMID- 6789894 TI - Conformational analysis of pGlu-His-Amph and pGlu-His-Pro-Amph related to their central nervous system activity. AB - The compounds pGlu-His-Pro-Amph and pGlu-His-Amph obtained from the condensation of TRH or a fragment of TRH with amphetamine show activities which are different regarding the parent compounds. Although the two derivatives exhibit about the same low toxicity they differ in several pharmacological properties. Physicochemical analysis by 1H-NMR and CD spectroscopy was carried out in order to detect in the two compounds conformational differences that might explain their different activities. The results show that in the proline containing peptide the amphetamine has a hindered rotation in comparison with the compounds devoid of proline. This, together with the occurrence of a cis conformer having different properties than the trans conformer could be the origin of the biological difference observed between the two hybrid compounds. PMID- 6789896 TI - [Inhibition and inactivation of horseradish peroxidase by thiourea]. AB - The kinetics of horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7)-catalyzed oxidation of o dianisidine by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of thiourea were studied. At the first, fast step of this process thiourea acts as a competitive reversible inhibitor with respect to o-dianisidine (Ki = 0.22 mM). The formation of a thiourea-peroxidase complex was determined by the increase in the absorbance at A495 and A638 of the enzyme. The dissociation constant for the peroxidase thiourea complex is equal to 2.0-2.7 mM. Thiourea is not a specific substrate of peroxidase during the oxidation reaction by H2O2, but is an oxidase substrate (although not a very active one) of peroxidase. The irreversible inactivation of the enzyme during its incubation with thiourea was studied. The first-order inactivation rate constant (kin) was shown to increase with a fall in the enzyme concentration. The curve of the dependence of kin on the initial concentration of thiourea shows a maximum at 5-7 mM. The enzyme inactivation is due to its modification by intermediate free radical products of thiourea oxidation. The inhibitors of the free radical reactions (o-dianisidine) protect the enzyme against inactivation. The degree of inactivation depends on concentrations and ratio of thiourea and peroxidase. A possible mechanism of peroxidase interaction with thiourea is discussed. PMID- 6789895 TI - Inducible catalase in Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - The catalase activity of a non-proliferating suspension of Pseudomonas fluorescens doubled after six hours incubation in a 50 mM phosphate buffer medium (pH 7.3). The same effect was observed in a peptone medium. The increased activity was due to induced enzyme synthesis, and not to activation of preexisting catalase. Induced catalase was separated by electrophoresis from deuterium labelled constitutive catalase. The enzyme was also induced under anaerobic conditions in phosphate buffer or in culture when nitrate was supplied as an electron acceptor. Induction was considerably increased by the addition of various nucleotides and amino acids to the incubation medium. PMID- 6789897 TI - [Photooxidation and light-induced transport of phenazine methosulfate in chromatophores of purple bacteria]. AB - The light-induced interaction of phenazine methosulfate (PMS) with chromatophores of the purple bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides was studied, using an ion-specific electrode. Illumination caused an initial rapid increase in the concentration of methylphenazinium cation (MP+) and a subsequent slow (1-3 min) decrease of the MP+ concentration to a low steady level. The rapid phase of the light-induced MP+ concentration change is specifically enhanced by ascorbate. The slow phase (uptake of MP+ from the medium) is stimulated on addition of valinomycin, which is known to collapse the membrane potential of energized chromatophores, and is partly inhibited by NH4Cl, which enhances the membrane potential in chromatophores. The light-induced uptake of MP+ is sharply stimulated by dibromothymoquinone. It is concluded that the initial rapid increase of the MP+ concentration in the outer medium results from the oxidation of the reduced PMS by photooxidized reaction centers. The slow decrease of the external MP+ concentration is due to active transport of MP+ into the internal space of the chromatophores via a mechanism of a chemiosmotic type. The accumulation of MP+ is directly mediated by the redox reactions of PMS at the outer and inner surfaces of the photosynthetic membrane, which are involved in cyclic electron transport. PMID- 6789898 TI - [Carboanhydrase from bean leaves]. AB - A highly purified preparation of carboanhydrase from the leaves of the bean Vicia faba var. major (Harz) F. Janthina was obtained. The enzyme was homogeneous during analytical disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and analytical ultracentrifugation. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 270,000. The enzyme molecule contains six Zn atoms, has a quaternary structure and is made up of six subunits with molecular weights of 45,000. Some properties of the enzymes from bean leaves and pea leaves were compared. The enzymes differ in molecular weights and behaviour during DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel filtration through Sephadex G-200. PMID- 6789899 TI - The treatment of anorexia nervosa with total parenteral nutrition. AB - Treatment outcome of 11 anorectic patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is compared with outcome of anorectic patients receiving standard behaviorally oriented inpatient therapy. TPN resulted in significantly more rapid weight gain. Most patients could be successfully weaned from TPN to enteral feeding with continued weight gain. Complications during TPN were common including transaminase elevations and electrolyte imbalance. There was one death in the series. The role of TPN in the management of anorexia nervosa is discussed. PMID- 6789900 TI - Chemical kinetic and diffusional limitations on bicarbonate reabsorption by the proximal tubule. AB - It is accepted that bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule is mediated by H+ secretion, but several aspects of this process have remained controversial. To examine some of these issues, we have developed a model that allows for spatial variations in the concentrations of CO2, HCO3-, and H2CO3 within the tubule lumen and cell cytoplasm, passive transport of these substances across cell membranes, carbonic anhydrase-catalyzed interconversion of HCO3- and CO2 within the cell and at the luminal membrane surface, and the corresponding uncatalyzed reactions in lumen and cell. Most of the required kinetic and transport parameters were estimated from physicochemical data in the literature, whereas intracellular pH and HCO3- permeability at the basal cell membrane, found to be the most significant parameters under normal conditions, were adjusted to yield reabsorption rates of "total CO2" (tCO2, the sum of CO2, HCO3- and H2CO3) comparable to measured values in the rat. Our results suggest that for normal carbonic anhydrase activity, almost all tCO2 leaves the lumen as CO2, yet the transepithelial differences in CO2 partial pressure does not exceed approximately 2 mm Hg. Electrochemical potential gradients favor substantial passive backleak of HCO3- from cell to lumen. Gradients in CO2 partial pressure remain small during simulated inhibition of carbonic anhydrase, with approximately 70% of tCO2 leaving the lumen as H2CO3 in this case, and the remainder as CO2. Predicted tCO2 reabsorption rates for carbonic anhydrase inhibition are approximately of normal, in good agreement with recent measurements in the rat, indicating that the concept of "carbonic acid recycling" is viable. PMID- 6789901 TI - Macromolecular conformation in solution. Study of carbonic anhydrase by the positron annihilation technique. AB - The structural features of carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydro-lyase; EC 4.2.1.1) in aqueous solution were probed by the positron annihilation technique. The data obtained under varying conditions of temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration were interpreted in terms of the free volume model. The change of enzymic activity with temperature is accompanied by a change in free volume of the protein. Upon thermal denaturation an irreversible change in free volume of the molecule occurred. At low temperatures the protein-water interactions were investigated. These results are discussed in terms of current concepts of structure-function relationships in proteins. This study shows the sensitivity of the positron annihilation method toward the structure of proteins related to their overall conformation and to the nature of bound water. PMID- 6789902 TI - DNA repair in human fibroblasts treated with a combination of chemicals. AB - Excision repair of DNA damage was measured by the photolysis of bromodeoxy uridine incorporated during repair in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum group C fibroblasts (XP C) treated with a combination of the carcinogens N acetoxy-2-acetylamino-fluorene (AAAF), and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO). Repair was additive in normal and XP C cells treated with AAAF plus 4NQO, indicating that there are different rate limiting steps for removal of 4NQO and AAAF lesions. PMID- 6789903 TI - Exchange of labeled nuclei in the CO2--HCO3--solvent system catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase. AB - Silverman et al. (1979. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101:6734-6740) have reported measurements of the loss of 18O to solvent from the isotopically labeled CO2- HCO3-system and of the mixing of 18O and 13C labels within the system, as catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase C in the pH range 6-8. This work is an extension of earlier work (Silverman and Tu. 1976. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 98:978-984) on the very similar bovine enzyme. The more recent work is analyzed by its authors in terms of the "hydroxide" model for the apparent pH-dependence of enzymatic activity, a model in which the pH-dependence is associated with the presumed ionization of an H2O ligand of the active-site metal ion to OH-. From a comparison of their data with a solution of the coupled differential equations that describe the kinetics of isotope exchange in terms of the model, Silverman et al. derived a pH-dependent rate of exchange for the water molecule which is formed at the active site of the enzyme during dehydration. By contrast, using the same data and a model in which active enzyme has a water molecule on the metal ion at the active site, and similar differential equations, we derive a value for the rate of exchange of water that is pH-independent. This model has the attraction that it explains the magnetic relaxation rate of solvent water protons in the Co2+-substituted enzyme, whereas the hydroxide mechanism cannot explain these data without the introduction of unfounded ad hoc assumptions; further, the presence of an OH- ligand of the metal has never been demonstrated. We also include an analysis of analogous data for the bovine enzyme. One result of our analysis is that the pKa for activity of the enzyme samples used is near 6.0, implying that the bulk of the data were taken when the enzyme was essentially all active. It is straightforward to account for the pH-dependence of the data near and below the pKa by using an empirically-derived value for the pKa. However, we have recently developed a model for the low pH (inactive) enzyme that has been successful in interpreting a wide range of data, and we show that this new view can explain the few points at low pH quite adequately. Additionally, we consider the recent kinetic results for the human C enzyme, obtained at chemical equilibrium by studies of the linewidths of nuclear magnetic resonances of 13C in labeled substrate (Simonsson et al. 1979. Eur. J. Biochem. 93:409-417) and show that these experiments and those of Silverman et al. are all consistent with kinetic data from nonequilibrium stopped-flow experiments, viewed in terms of our model, in the limit of low substrate concentration. Results at higher concentrations indicate that the Michaelis constants and equilibrium constants differ somewhat. PMID- 6789904 TI - Evaluation of the mixed interaction between apolipoproteins A-II and C-I equilibrium sedimentation. AB - The mixed interaction between human apolipoproteins C-I and A-II, each of which self-associate is aqueous solution, has been evaluated by sedimentation equilibrium measurements. In order to simplify data analysis apoC-I and apoA-II were modified by treatment with 2-nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride and tetranitromethane respectively. The molecular properties of the resulting derivatives, S-apoC-I and N-apo-A-II, each of which appreciable extinction coefficients above 350 nm, were indistinguishable from the corresponding unmodified species. Sedimentation equilibrium data were obtained with mixtures of S-apoC-I and native apoA-II, N-apoA-II and native apoC-I, and native apoC-I and native apoA-II. Mixed complex formation was detected readily with all mixtures investigated. The combined results were most consistent with a single mixed oligomer containing 2 molecules of apoA-II and 4 molecules of apoC-I. The corresponding equilibrium constant was 31248 +/- 890 (l/gm)5. PMID- 6789905 TI - [Role of pH in the mechanism of action of CO2 on the smooth musculature of cerebral arteries]. AB - It has been discovered on isolated strips of the internal carotid artery of man that changes in extracellular pH influence the effects of hypercapnia that manifest in relaxation of smooth muscles. However, under conditions of pH stabilization within the range of 7.3--7.4 the direct action of hypercapnia was unchanged. Acetazolamide, the blocker of the intracellular carboanhydrase activity, inhibited the effects of hypercapnia. It is inferred that changes in the intracellular H+ are of the greatest importance in the action mode of CO2 on smooth muscles of the vessels, whereas changes in the extracellular pH have but a modulating effect. PMID- 6789906 TI - [Biologically active substances of lung tissue in rabbits in an inflammatory bronchopulmonary process]. AB - The paper is concerned with metabolic reconstitution in a pathologically changed lung tissue in rabbits with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary inflammation. Acute bronchopulmonary inflammation is associated with a drastic increase of the adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, histamine and serotonin content in the abnormal lung tissue. The concentration of these substances in the blood outflowing from the lungs is also increased. The intensity of changes in the content of the biologically active substances correlated with the pattern of the developing pathological process. In lingering and chronic bronchopulmonary inflammation, the changes in the content of the biologically active substances were of undulatory character which was consequent on repeated exacerbations. PMID- 6789907 TI - [Corneal lysosomes in experimental ophthalmoherpes]. AB - Activity and intracellular distribution of lysosomal glucosidases (beta glucosidase and beta-galactosidase) of the cornea as well as membrane permeability were studied in experimental herpetic keratitis. It was demonstrated that the action of herpes simplex entailed labilization of the lysosomal membranes of the cornea together with the decreased strength of lysosomal association with the enzymes thereby favouring the increased enzyme-substrate contact and excess destruction of cellular and exocellular glycosaminoglycans. The data obtained suggest that lysosomes participate in the pathogenesis of herpetic keratitis. PMID- 6789908 TI - [Importance of chemoreceptor stimuli to the speed of switching the respiratory response to exertion on and off]. AB - The magnitude of the exercise respiratory response and its switch on and switch off rates were studied in 12 normal men breathing different gas mixtures. It was shown that hypercapnic stimulus reinforced and accelerated the respiratory response to exercise. Hypoxic stimulus mostly resulted in the increased though transient changes in the ventilatory rate at the start and at the end of exercise. This effect seems likely to be mediated by the fast-responding arterial chemoreceptors. PMID- 6789909 TI - [Effect of pulmonary artery blood pressure gas exchange in functionally heterogeneous lungs]. AB - Effect of the gravity-dependent nonuniformity of the ventilation-perfusion ratios on gas exchange in the human lungs has been analyzed. Quantitative relationships have been obtained between alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference, arterial alveolar carbon dioxide tension difference and pulmonary arterial pressure, for various compositions of mixed venous blood and various mean ventilation-perfusion ratios. The data obtained may be used for the measurement of pulmonary arterial pressure. PMID- 6789911 TI - [Effect of the ionophore A23187 on the contractility and slow action potential of the guinea pig papillary muscle]. AB - Calcium ionophore A23187 (2.10(-6) M) increases contractility of the isolated guinea-pig papillary muscle 3.13 +/- +/- 0.47-fold at 25 degrees C and 1.88 +/- 0.28-fold at 37 degrees C. Prolonged exposure (30 min) to 2 mM of caffeine failed to eliminate positive inotropic effect of ionophore. A23187 (2.10(-6) M) also increased slow response action potential overshoot (18 mM K+ in Tyrode solution, resting potential 46 +/- 1 mV); at 37 degrees C the peak overshoot value was reached by the 2nd min, being equal to 5.2 +/- 0.4 mV; at 25 degrees C the peak value was attained by the 15th min, being equal to 15.5 +/- 0.9 mV with an abrupt increase in the repolarization rate. Overshoot enhancement within the first minutes of A23187 action is concluded to be due to the increased slow inward Ca current rather than to the decreased outward currents. It is assumed that A23187 facilitates Ca2+ transport to the lipid phase thereby increasing the amount of sarcolemma bound Ca2+ that participates in the development of Ca-current. PMID- 6789910 TI - [New evidence for a GABA-ergic component in the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine tranquilizers]. AB - Studies of impulse summation in the rabbit central nervous system have shown that valproate, an agent potentiating GABA-ergic inhibition, reduces while thiosemicarbazide and bicuculline that lower GABA inhibitory effects increase impulse summation. It has been also discovered that the action of phenazepam and diazepam is potentiated by valproate and reduced by thiosemicarbazide and bicuculline. According to the authors' data, diphenylhydantoin, an anticonvulsant having no GABA-positive effect fails to produce selective reduction of impulse summation. The data presented may be regarded as new evidence gained in the whole body for participation of the GABA-ergic mechanisms in the development of benzodiazepine effects. PMID- 6789912 TI - [Effect of synthetic polyelectrolytes on T- and B-cell cooperation after immunization of different genotype mice with artificial antigen (T, G)-A-L]. AB - Interstrain differences in the primary immune response to the synthetic polypeptide (T,G)-A-L were disclosed at the level of IgM plaque-forming cells in the adoptive transfer system. Immunization of low responder mice with poly-4 vinylpyridine or polyacrylic acid in conjunction with bone marrow and thymus cells enhanced the immune response up the level of high responders, manifesting in anti-(T,G)-A-L immune response phenotypic correction. These data obtained for the first time denote the possibility of a specific Ir-gene-controlled immune response to be corrected by synthetic polyelectrolytes. PMID- 6789913 TI - Mania, crime and the insanity defense: a case report. AB - A case has been presented of a young manic depressive man whose first contact with a mental health professional was in connection with a criminal act performed during a manic episode. Information that is often not available or inadequate, especially a comprehensive family history, enabled the author to infer the presence of the illness at the time of the crime. An extended follow-up allowed the diagnosis to be confirmed, treatment to be instituted and reasonable certainty to be attained that the crimes occurred only as a manifestation of or in conjunction with the active phase of the illness. The obstacles to accurate diagnosis in such cases and their appropriate management are discussed in hopes of heightening the awareness of readers to the possibilities of such unsuspected cases in their midst. PMID- 6789914 TI - Influence of complexans (EDTA, DTPA) on the toxicity of cadmium to fish at chronic levels. PMID- 6789915 TI - Organochlorine residues in fish from Lake Mjosa in Norway. PMID- 6789916 TI - Phthalic acid esters, total DDTs, and polychlorinated biphenyls in marine samples from Galveston Bay, Texas. PMID- 6789917 TI - A comparison of chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of carbaryl residues in cabbages. PMID- 6789918 TI - Effects of halothane on the incorporation of [14C]-serine into phospholipid in the guinea-pig ileum. AB - 1 The effects of halothane on the incorporation of L-[3-14C]-serine into phospholipid were studied in the resting, innervated longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea-pig ileum. 2 The anaesthetic, at clinical concentrations, caused a dose-dependent, partial inhibition of incorporation. The effect was rapid and reversible, and did not show characteristics of competitive inhibition. 3 The incorporation was reduced by a decrease in the Ca2+ concentration of the Krebs incubation buffer. Part of the activity persisted in the absence of added Ca2+ and this was most susceptible to inhibition by halothane. Sensitivity to external Ca2+ was not influenced at the halothane concentrations studied. 4 Evidence in support of the 14C-incorporation being due to L-[3-14C]-serine-phospholipid base-exchange activity included: (a) the rapid appearance of radioactivity in phosphatidylserine; (b) the kinetics of this incorporation in relation to that in phosphatidylethanolamine; (c) its dependence on Ca2+, and (d) its sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrophenol and its sensitivity to temperature. 5 It is concluded that this preparation makes it possible for a membrane-bound lipid-dependent activity (L-serine-phospholipid base-exchange) to be studied in conditions of cellular integrity under which the normal functional effects of lipophilic drugs can be simultaneously tested. 6 A rapid gas-chromatographic assay for halothane from an aqueous medium is also described. PMID- 6789919 TI - Studies of the effects of agents which alter calcium metabolism on acetylcholine turnover in the rat diaphragm preparation. AB - 1 We measured the effects of agents, which are thought to alter the Ca2+ concentration in cells, on tissue and released acetylcholine and choline of rat diaphragm using a gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for acetylcholine and choline. 2 Lanthanum and ouabain increased the resting output of acetylcholine, while 4-aminopyridine enhanced the evoked output of acetylcholine. 3 Guanidine first increased and then depressed acetylcholine release. 4 Theophylline, dinitrophenol and the ionophore, A-23187, had no measurable effect on acetylcholine release and tetraethylammonium inhibited the release of acetylcholine. 5 Dinitrophenol caused a highly significant increase of the tissue and released choline. 6 None of these agents increased the tissue acetylcholine content. Tetraethylammonium caused a large decline of tissue acetylcholine while ouabain and guanidine caused smaller reductions of acetylcholine in diaphragm. 7 These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that intraterminal Ca2+ activity regulates the synthesis of acetylcholine in diaphragm nerve endings. PMID- 6789920 TI - Cell labelling and cell damage with indium-111 acetylacetone-an alternative to indium 111 oxine. AB - The labelling of HeLa S3 cells with 111In acetylacetone (111In-acac) was studied together with cell damage, measured by the reduction in colony-forming ability of labelled cells. Using 2 X 10(5) cells/ml in Hepes saline buffer at pH 7.6 incubated with 7.4-185 kBq (0.2-5.0 microCi)/ml 111In-acac, containing 0.19% acetylacetone for 15 minutes at room temperature, 60-80% 111In was bound to the cells. The cell binding was linear with activity and resulted in an exponential reduction in colony forming ability and a D0 of 26 kBq (0.7 microCi)/2 X 10(5) cells. Radiation was shown to be the major cause of cell damage. It is concluded that 111In-acac is preferable to 111In oxine because it is soluble in physiological buffers, which eliminates the use of ethanol; it is quick and easy to prepare; and compared with previous results using HeLa S3 cells labelled with 111In oxine, 111In-acac gives much more reproducible results and is no more toxic. Clinically 111In-acac was shown to give similar results to 111In oxine. PMID- 6789923 TI - The biochemistry and physiology of kwashiorkor and marasmus. PMID- 6789921 TI - Simplified cell labelling with indium-111 acetylacetonate and indium-111 oxinate. PMID- 6789922 TI - Urethral diverticula in the adult female. AB - Forty female patients with persisting urinary symptoms were investigated using positive pressure urethrography. Sixteen patients were found to have urethral diverticula; 14 of these underwent diverticulectomy. In addition, 17 patients were found to have a markedly distensible urethra on X-ray and only the remaining 7 were deemed normal. The clinical and radiological features and surgical management of these patients are presented. PMID- 6789925 TI - Maternal autoimmune thrombocytopenia and the newborn. PMID- 6789924 TI - Yersinia enterocolitica arthritis in southern Sweden: a four-year follow-up study. AB - Thirty-eight cases of suspected yersinia arthritis occurring in southern Sweden in 1975-6 were reviewed four to five years later. In 31 cases the diagnosis was confirmed. At follow-up three of the patients had definite ankylosing spondylitis, three radiologically confirmed sacroiliitis, three extensor tenosynovitis, five isolated articular joint disease, and 10 localised arthralgias; one patient had developed seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Only six of the 31 patients were free of joint symptoms. These results suggest that although the acute symptoms of yersinia arthritis disappear within 12 months, the long-term prognosis may be less favourable than previously thought. PMID- 6789926 TI - Acquired megacolon associated with acute lead poisoning. PMID- 6789927 TI - Myopathy induced by rifampicin. PMID- 6789929 TI - Preparing to introduce a computer into a health centre. PMID- 6789928 TI - Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in surface and underground coalminers. PMID- 6789930 TI - Asthma. I: Managing the acute attack. PMID- 6789931 TI - Law and the General Practitioner: negligence. PMID- 6789933 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Tonsillitis and otitis media. PMID- 6789932 TI - Improved survival after orthotopic liver grafting. AB - A total of 108 orthotopic liver transplants have been carried out in the Cambridge/King's College Hospital series. Over 13 years, changes in patient selection, immunosuppression, and surgical and anaesthetic techniques have led to a steady improvement in results. Results obtained in the last 22 patients indicated that over half survive for one year. Although at considerable risk during the operation, patients with non-malignant cirrhotic diseases who survive one year have a good long-term chance of survival PMID- 6789934 TI - Assessing clinical trials- double-blind trials. PMID- 6789936 TI - Multimodal treatment in operable breast cancer. PMID- 6789935 TI - Telephone monitoring of patients with pacemakers in the west of Scotland. AB - A regional telephone pacemaker follow-up service has been established in the west of Scotland. Medical care is provided by clinics at district general hospitals in Ayrshire, and the pacemaker signals are transmitted by telephone from these clinics to a pacemaker centre in Glasgow. The success of the pilot project in Ayrshire will allow expansion of the service to include hospitals in other areas of the west of Scotland. The scheme is carefully monitored to ensure that patients with pacemakers receive adequate attention with a minimum of inconvenience. PMID- 6789937 TI - Long survival in acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 6789939 TI - Late consequences of abortion. PMID- 6789938 TI - Hypothermia and hypotension in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6789940 TI - Prostaglandins in obstetrics. PMID- 6789942 TI - Association between Stevens-Johnson syndrome and benoxaprofen. PMID- 6789941 TI - Metabolic studies in unaffected co-twins on non-insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 6789943 TI - Beta 2-microglobulinaemia as index of diminishing renal function in diabetics. PMID- 6789944 TI - The changing face of the laboratory. PMID- 6789945 TI - Liver transplantation comes of age. PMID- 6789946 TI - Bilateral amblyopia and race. PMID- 6789947 TI - Endocrine function and immunity. PMID- 6789948 TI - Non-ulcer users of cimetidine. PMID- 6789949 TI - Pain perception in competitive swimmers. AB - The pain perception of 30 competitive swimmers was studied using experimentally induced ischaemic pain. The pain thresholds and tolerances of this group were compared with those of 30 club swimmers and 26 non-competitive athletes. While pain thresholds showed little difference between the groups, pain tolerances were considerably different. Pain tolerances of the competitive swimmers varied according to the stage of the training season. The relation between ischaemic pain and that experienced during swimming training was studied using a pain questionnaire composed of several systematically structured verbal categories. Both types of pain were classified along similar dimensions, and it was concluded that the experimentally demonstrated pain tolerances could be generalized to the normal pain perception of the subjects. The origins of the enhanced pain tolerances of the competitive swimmers would seem to lie in their systematic exposure to brief periods of intense pain. These data could have relevance for the treatment of chronic pain in certain diseases. PMID- 6789950 TI - Relation between arterial pressure, dietary sodium intake, and renin system in essential hypertension. AB - Forty-one patients with mild essential hypertension, 36 patients with severe hypertension, and 28 normotensive subjects were studied on a high sodium intake of 350 mmol/day for five days and low sodium intake of 10 mmol/day for five days. The fall in mean arterial pressure on changing from the high-sodium to the low sodium diet was 0.7 +/- 1.7 mm Hg in normotensive subjects, 8 +/- 1.4 mm Hg in patients with mild hypertension, and 14.5 +/- 1.4 mm Hg in patients with severe hypertension. The fall in blood pressure was not correlated with age. Highly significant correlations were obtained for all subjects between the ratio of the fall in mean arterial pressure to the fall in urinary sodium excretion on changing from a high- to a low-sodium diet and (a) the level of supine blood pressure on normal diet, (b) the rise in plasma renin activity, and (c) the rise in plasma aldosterone. In patients with essential hypertension the blood pressure is sensitive to alterations in sodium intake. This may be partly due to some change either produced by or associated directly with the hypertension. A decreased responsiveness of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system shown in the patients with essential hypertension could partly account for the results. PMID- 6789951 TI - Poor sensitivity of multiple-gated blood-pool imaging in diagnosing left ventricular aneurysms. AB - A study was carried out to determine the accuracy of multiple-gated blood-pool imaging in diagnosing left ventricular aneurysm. Fifteen patients with an aneurysm and 17 with left ventricular hypokinesia were studied by contrast ventriculography and multiple-gated blood-pool imaging. The results of blood-pool imaging were examined blind by five independent observers, the results of contrast ventriculography being used as the standard. The mean sensitivity of the procedure was 56%, the specificity 61%, and diagnostic accuracy 59%. These results indicate that contrast ventriculography remains the best method for diagnosing left ventricular aneurysms. Moreover, ventriculography provides additional information-for example, on wall thickness-not provided by multiple gated blood-pool imaging. PMID- 6789953 TI - Colorectal surgery--the Cinderella specialty. PMID- 6789952 TI - Debendox in early pregnancy and fetal malformation. AB - During the mid-1960s, 22 977 pregnant women in Scotland and England were followed up prospectively for the incidence of malformations in their infants evident at birth or within six weeks. During the first 13 weeks of gestation 620 of these women had been prescribed Debendox (dicyclomine-doxylamine-pyridoxine) and 743 other women agents other than Debendox containing pyridoxine. Of the 620 women given Debendox, 589 (95%) had a normal outcome of pregnancy, 8 (13%) delivered a malformed infant, and 23 (3.7%) had other outcomes. Of the 22 357 women who were given Debendox, 445 (2.0%) produced infants with malformation; and the rates for all abnormal outcomes among women given Debendox and those not given the drug were 5.0% and 5.4% respectively. These results support the hypothesis that Debendox is not teratogenic. PMID- 6789954 TI - Child abuse: the swing of the pendulum. PMID- 6789955 TI - Facts and fallacies about gall stones. PMID- 6789956 TI - British Regional Heart Study: cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. AB - The British Regional Heart Study seeks to define risk factors for cardiovascular disease, to examine their interrelationships, and to explain the geographic variations in cardiovascular disease in Britain. A clinical survey of men aged 40 59 in 24 British towns was carried out and preliminary data from the survey analysed. On a town basis cardiovascular mortality was associated with mean systolic blood pressure and the prevalence of heavy cigarette smoking and heavy alcohol consumption. No such association was seen for body mass index or mean serum total cholesterol or high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. Cigarette smoking and alcohol intake and, to a less degree, systolic blood pressure were related to the social class (percentage of manual workers) of a town, and these factors may determine to some extent the increased risk of cardiovascular disease in manual workers. Blood pressure in individual subjects was affected predominantly by age, body mass index, and alcohol intake. Body mass index appeared to affect blood pressure to a greater extent than alcohol intake and did so with a consistent and positive linear trend. Nevertheless, the differences between towns in mean blood pressure readings appeared to be more closely associated with variations in the prevalence of heavy drinking than with variations in body mass index. Alcohol intake and body mass index explained only a part of the striking differences between towns in mean blood pressure readings, and some important "town"factors remained unexplained. PMID- 6789958 TI - Oldest case of sarcoidosis in the world. PMID- 6789957 TI - Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked. AB - Variables of smoking were measured when subjects smoked the first cigarette of the day after an eight- to 10-hour period of abstinence. The cigarettes smoked had high, medium, or low nicotine yields but the tar and carbon monoxide yields, taste, and draw characteristics remained constant. The number of puffs and interval between puffs did not differ between nicotine doses. The smokers took larger puffs, however, when smoking cigarettes delivering lower nicotine yields than their normal brands. This change in the size of puff must be attributed to the change in nicotine yield since all other characteristics of the cigarettes remained constant. Thus encouraging the smoking of low-nicotine cigarettes may increase exposure to combustion products and not appreciably decrease exposure to nicotine, since the smokers increased the size of their puffs in response to the decreased nicotine yield. PMID- 6789959 TI - Levodopa dosage and ventilatory function in Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6789960 TI - Arthritis and arthralgia associated with toxocaral infestation. PMID- 6789962 TI - Shrapnel presenting with symptoms 62 years after wounding. PMID- 6789961 TI - Polycythaemia rubra vera and congenital deafness in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6789963 TI - Toxic optic neuropathy caused by benoxaprofen. PMID- 6789965 TI - Emergencies in the home: what equipment is needed. PMID- 6789964 TI - Amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, and hyperprolactinaemia induced by methyldopa. PMID- 6789966 TI - Law and the General Practitioner: confidentiality. PMID- 6789968 TI - Unemployment in my practice: South Shields. PMID- 6789967 TI - Asthma: II: long-term management. PMID- 6789969 TI - Prescribing for the elderly. PMID- 6789970 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Bronchial asthma. PMID- 6789971 TI - Assessing clinical trials--trial discipline. PMID- 6789972 TI - Malaria prevention in travellers from the United Kingdom. Report of meetings convened by the Ross Institute. AB - Malaria prophylaxis is relative, not absolute, but can provide much protection. Travellers must take prophylactics regularly while in malarious areas and for one month thereafter; despite doing so, they may still develop malaria. For areas without chloroquine-resistant malaria, chloroquine, 300 mg base weekly, or proguanil, 100-200 mg daily, are preferred. In areas of chloroquine sensitivity there may be places with resistance to proguanil and pyrimethamine, but these places are not delineated. The risk of breakthrough of malaria is, therefore, least with chloroquine, but problems of potential side effects and regular medication are fewer with proguanil than chloroquine. Proguanil is preferred for long-term prophylaxis. Malaria poses a greater hazard for pregnant women and infants than do prophylactics. Pyrimethamine/sulphadoxine (Fansidar) or pyrimethamine/diaminodiphenyl sulphone (maloprim) are the preferred drugs for areas with prevalent chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum. Fansidar is taken once a week and Maloprim also is usually recommended to be taken once a week. PMID- 6789974 TI - Epilepsy and allergy. PMID- 6789973 TI - Gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection from mattresses in a burns unit. PMID- 6789975 TI - Pulmonary hypertension in children who snore. PMID- 6789976 TI - Familial abnormality of erythrocyte cation transport in essential hypertension. PMID- 6789977 TI - Influence of cimetidine on pharmacokinetics of propranolol. PMID- 6789978 TI - Complement-mediated phagocytosis in rheumatoid vasculitis. PMID- 6789979 TI - Benign familial tremor treated with primidone. PMID- 6789980 TI - Gastric ulcer: is endoscopy always necessary? PMID- 6789981 TI - Giant-cell arteritis mimicking carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6789982 TI - Treatment of acute mountain sickness. PMID- 6789983 TI - Artificial ventilation and the heart. PMID- 6789984 TI - Geographical variations in disease in Britain. PMID- 6789985 TI - Mortality from coronary heart disease in the British army compared with the civil population. AB - A study was carried out in which mortality from coronary heart disease during 1973-7 in men aged under 55 years in the British army was compared with that in men in the civilian population. An inverse relation was found between mortality from coronary heart disease and rank in the army similar to that seen among the civilian social classes, but soldiers aged under 40 years had a significantly higher mortality than their civilian counterparts irrespective of the civilians' social class. Correspondingly, officers had a significantly lower mortality, which suggests that strenuous exercise and other exigencies of military life per se, with the possible exception of cigarette consumption, are not to blame. Possibly the extremes of risk in the army are due mainly to factors associated with the identification of subgroups of high and low risk within the social classes and to the higher prevalence of cigarette smoking among soldiers. PMID- 6789986 TI - Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis type I associated with immunoglobulin deficiency. PMID- 6789987 TI - Adoption of Glasgow Coma Scale in the British Isles. PMID- 6789988 TI - Spread of Clostridium difficile among patients receiving non-absorbable antibiotics for gut decontamination. PMID- 6789990 TI - Death during play: a study of playground and recreation deaths in children. PMID- 6789989 TI - Cephaloridine encephalopathy. PMID- 6789991 TI - Breast transillumination using the sinus diaphanograph. PMID- 6789992 TI - Attitudes to malarial prophylaxis. PMID- 6789993 TI - Isolation of Clostridium difficile from the small bowel. PMID- 6789994 TI - Lessons learned from a course for practice nurses. PMID- 6789995 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Liskeard. PMID- 6789996 TI - Proposals for a trial marriage between primary and secondary health care in one or two districts in Inner London. AB - A plea is made for an experiment in unified health care in one or two of the new district health authorities in Inner London. The essence of the proposal is that district health authorities should hold the contracts of independent contractors, that the independence and entitlements of the contractors should be preserved, but that the district health authorities should manage a unified budget. This could bring many potential and actual advantages. Administrative problems would not be insuperable. If the scheme was successful it could be gradually extended; if unsuccessful it could be wound up without serious consequences. PMID- 6789998 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Sleep problems. PMID- 6789997 TI - Who does what in the pathology laboratory? PMID- 6789999 TI - A deadly oil. PMID- 6790001 TI - Bronchodilator effect of sodium cromoglycate and its clinical implications. PMID- 6790000 TI - Assessing clinical trials--rash adventures. PMID- 6790002 TI - Nocturnal wheezing in children--management with controlled-release aminophylline. PMID- 6790003 TI - Longitudinal study of obesity in the National Survey of Health and Development. PMID- 6790005 TI - Hypothermia and hypotension in Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6790004 TI - Multimodal treatment in operable breast cancer. PMID- 6790006 TI - Paracetamol interference in glucose measurement by YSI analyser. PMID- 6790007 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and purgative abuse. PMID- 6790008 TI - Post-transfusion hepatitis. PMID- 6790009 TI - Smoking habits in the main entrance hall of a hospital. PMID- 6790010 TI - Should doctors be budget holders? PMID- 6790011 TI - Management of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6790012 TI - Minor brain damage and alcoholism. PMID- 6790013 TI - Smoking, coal, asbestos, and the lungs. PMID- 6790014 TI - Noise at work. PMID- 6790015 TI - Nosocomial transmission of group B streptococci. AB - The acquisition of group B streptococci by babies in a special-care baby unit and two postnatal wards was investigated over a six-month period using serology and phage typing. Sixty-three culture-positive babies were identified in the postnatal wards, one-third of whom had been born to mothers who were not carrying the organism in the genital tract or anorectal area during labour. A non-maternal source was identified for 14 of these 21 infants: either colonised mothers and babies in the same ward or, on one occasion, a member of the hospital staff. In the special-care baby unit, however, only one instance of nosocomial acquisition of group B streptococci was recorded despite a high prevalence of colonisation in the staff on the unit and the presence of heavily colonised babies. The results of this survey suggest that although sepsis caused by group B streptococci may be the result of nosocomial transmission, this may be prevented by careful attention to hygiene. PMID- 6790016 TI - Hypercalcaemia due to dihydrotachysterol treatment in patients with hypothyroidism after thyroidectomy. AB - Hypercalcaemia is a recognised complication of hypothyroidism. We describe three patients who developed hypercalcaemia after thyroidectomy when thyroid supplements were discontinued. They were treated with thyroxine, dihydrotachysterol, and calcium after operation, and in all three cases serum calcium concentrations remained constant during combined treatment. Thyroxine treatment was discontinued several weeks before a radioiodine scan was performed; dihydrotachysterol and calcium were continued throughout. Serum calcium concentrations rose to hypercalcaemic levels in all cases. Elimination of dihydrotachysterol from plasma may be delayed in hypothyroidism, resulting in hypervitaminosis D. It is advisable to reduce the dose of dihydrotachysterol and to check serum calcium concentrations regularly in patients whose thyroid treatment is interrupted. PMID- 6790018 TI - Arthritis of the subtalar joint due to Mycobacterium fortuitum. PMID- 6790017 TI - Sodium and potassium in essential hypertension. AB - A study was carried out of arterial pressure and body content of electrolytes in 91 patients with essential hypertension and 121 normal controls. Exchangeable sodium was found to be positively correlated with arterial pressure in the patients, the correlation being closest in older patients; values of exchangeable sodium were subnormal in young patients; and plasma, exchangeable, and total body potassium correlated inversely with arterial pressure in the patients, the correlations being closest in young patients. Three hypotheses were proposed to explain the mechanisms relating electrolytes and arterial pressure in essential hypertension--namely, a cell-salt hypothesis, a dietary salt hypothesis, and a kidney-salt hypothesis. It was concluded that two mechanisms probably operate in essential hypertension. In the early stages of the disease blood pressure is raised by an abnormal process related more closely to potassium than to sodium. A renal lesion develops later, possibly as a consequence of the hypertension. This lesion is characterised by resetting of pressure natriuresis and is manifest by an abnormal relation between body sodium and arterial pressure and by susceptibility to increased dietary sodium intake. PMID- 6790019 TI - Prostacyclin infusion in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome of children. PMID- 6790021 TI - Narcotic withdrawal syndrome after intrathecal administration of morphine. PMID- 6790020 TI - Maternal methyldopa treatment and neonatal blood pressure. PMID- 6790022 TI - False-negative results of Hemoccult test in colorectal cancer. PMID- 6790023 TI - Neurological emergencies. PMID- 6790024 TI - Interesting GPs of the past. Benjy Noble. PMID- 6790025 TI - New procedures affecting the conduct of clinical trials in the United Kingdom. AB - Changes have recently been introduced to facilitate the conduct of clinical trials of new drugs in the United Kingdom. These changes became necessary because early developmental work on new drugs was going abroad to the detriment of British industry and with a loss of skill in our departments of clinical pharmacology. The scheme also gives formal recognition to the part played by ethics committees in considering approval of the ethical aspects of clinical trials of new drugs. PMID- 6790027 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Talking to children. PMID- 6790026 TI - Hydrocephalus after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 6790028 TI - Assessing methods--descriptive statistics and graphs. PMID- 6790029 TI - Pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6790030 TI - Preventing food poisoning by bacterial toxins. PMID- 6790031 TI - Puff volume increases when low-nicotine cigarettes are smoked. PMID- 6790032 TI - The oesophageal obturator airway. PMID- 6790033 TI - Yellow fever--cause for concern? PMID- 6790034 TI - Intractable pain in aplastic anaemia. PMID- 6790035 TI - Coagulation inhibitor in hypothyroidism. PMID- 6790038 TI - Non-rheumatic mitral regurgitation. PMID- 6790036 TI - Cimetidine interaction with phenytoin. PMID- 6790037 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain and lactose intolerance. PMID- 6790039 TI - Rectal examination and acid phosphatase. PMID- 6790040 TI - Oldest case of sarcoidosis in the world. PMID- 6790041 TI - Fetal measurements made by inexperienced operators using real-time scanner. PMID- 6790044 TI - The new psychiatry. PMID- 6790043 TI - Social class inequality in access to primary care: a critique of recent research. PMID- 6790042 TI - Interaction of ethinyloestradiol with ascorbic acid in man. PMID- 6790045 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6790046 TI - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to antibodies other than rhesus anti-D. PMID- 6790048 TI - Controlled trial of speech therapy versus oxprenolol for stammering. AB - In a controlled trial of treatment for stammering under stress oxprenolol (40 mg) compared with placebo was assessed in a double-blind manner over two days, six weeks apart, in 31 stammerers before and after speech therapy. The trial design also allowed six weeks of intensive speech therapy, using a slowed-speech and relaxation technique, to be compared with not treatment and assessed single blind. Oxprenolol produced a significant fall in pulse rate and systolic blood pressure but no overall change in performance either before or after speech therapy. Intensive speech therapy produced a highly significant improvement in the global performance of untrained subjects (p less than 0.001) and a significant reduction in the number (p less than 0.001) and duration (p less than 0.001) of blocks. Maintenance speech therapy tended to produce further improvement in trained subjects. Speech therapy is apparently an effective treatment for stammering, whereas oxprenolol appears to be of no value when given routinely; oxprenolol may be of value, however, in very stressful conditions. PMID- 6790047 TI - Teratogenic risks of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6790049 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome in Leptospira canicola infection. AB - A man was admitted to the Johannesburg Hospital with a history of fever, diarrhoea, and dry cough for four days. He began to produce bloodstained sputum and was found to have severe arterial hypoxaemia. Radiography showed widespread opacification over both lung fields, and the clinical and haemodynamic features were consistent with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Serology for Leptospira canicola was positive. Despite antibiotics, supportive therapy, and ventilation the patient died. Necropsy excluded cardiac disease. This case shows that leptospirosis may cause the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6790050 TI - Non-operative removal of bile duct stones by duodenoscopic sphincterotomy in the elderly. AB - Between January 1975 and December 1979, 71 patients over the age of 70 underwent attempted duodenoscopic sphincterotomy for stones in the common bile duct. Fifteen patients still had gall bladders in situ. Sphincterotomy was possible in 69 of the patients and in 65 of these duct clearance was achieved, giving an overall success rate of 92%. Failure to achieve sphincterotomy in two cases was due to substantial peripapillary diverticula. Duct clearance failed in four patients, mostly due to the size of the retained stones. The largest stone extracted was 24 mm diameter. There were no deaths but complications occurred in nine patients (13%); these were haemorrhage in four (requiring surgery in one), cholangitis in four (two of whom required surgical extraction of stones), and pancreatitis in one. The average duration of hospital stay in successful cases was 11 days (range three to 30). Clinical follow-up of 55 patients one to five years after sphincterotomy showed no evidence of stones or of stenosis of the sphincter. Duodenoscopic sphincterotomy is a major advance in the management of elderly patients with stones in the common bile duct. PMID- 6790051 TI - Exacerbation of diazepam-induced phlebitis by oral penicillamine. PMID- 6790052 TI - Reversible renal damage due to glue sniffing. PMID- 6790053 TI - Reactivation of vasculitis after influenza vaccination. PMID- 6790054 TI - Recurrent pericarditis: a rare complication of influenza vaccination. PMID- 6790055 TI - Periampullary adenoma causing pancreatitis. PMID- 6790056 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as presenting feature of lymphoma. PMID- 6790058 TI - Trainees' corner: Managing chronic disease. Hypertension. PMID- 6790057 TI - Richter's hernia: an unrecognised complication of chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6790059 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Walworth, London. PMID- 6790060 TI - Microcomputers in antenatal care: a feasibility study on the booking interview. PMID- 6790061 TI - Clinical pharmacology. Possible clinical importance of genetic differences in drug metabolism. PMID- 6790063 TI - Enuresis. PMID- 6790064 TI - Some social influences on workers' morbidity. PMID- 6790062 TI - Chest infection associated with the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome. PMID- 6790065 TI - Assessing methods--transforming the data. PMID- 6790066 TI - Audit in renal failure. PMID- 6790067 TI - Donation of kidneys. PMID- 6790068 TI - Liver transplantation comes of age. PMID- 6790069 TI - Colorectal surgery--the Cinderella specialty. PMID- 6790071 TI - Foodborne gastroenteritis of unknown aetiology: a virus infection? PMID- 6790070 TI - Benign familial tremor treated with primidone. PMID- 6790072 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis after treatment with metronidazole. PMID- 6790073 TI - Haematology in developing countries. PMID- 6790074 TI - Paediatric emergencies. PMID- 6790075 TI - Polycythaemia rubra vera in monozygotic twins. PMID- 6790076 TI - Endocrine function and immunity. PMID- 6790077 TI - Red cell indices and iron stores in patients undergoing haemodialysis. PMID- 6790078 TI - Calcium homoeostasis during pregnancy. PMID- 6790080 TI - Negligence. PMID- 6790079 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and food: a case study. PMID- 6790081 TI - Pancreatic islet-acinar interactions. PMID- 6790082 TI - Fractures of the carpal scaphoid. PMID- 6790083 TI - Undergraduate medical education in genitourinary medicine. PMID- 6790084 TI - Blood viscosity after splenectomy. AB - Blood viscosity and its contributory factors--namely, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen concentration, packed cell volume, red-cell deformability, and platelet count--were measured in 20 asymptomatic patients after splenectomy and compared with those in controls. Whole-blood viscosity was significantly increased after splenectomy and was associated with increased platelet count and, more importantly, decreased red-cell deformability. Blood viscosity was measured in six patients before and after splenectomy and in each an increase in viscosity occurred that did not occur in patients who underwent laparotomy without splenectomy. these findings suggest that the inclusions and protein complexes within the red cell that are normally removed by the spleen decrease red-cell deformability and lead to an increase in blood viscosity. This may account for the observed increase in deaths from ischaemic heart disease many years after splenectomy. PMID- 6790085 TI - Increase in drug resistance among Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii. AB - Two thousand three hundred and seventy strains of Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii isolated in England and Wales from 1974 to 1978 were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial drugs. Eighty per cent of strains were resistant to one or more drugs, with sulphonamide resistance occurring most frequently. Resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol increased during the period, as did the incidence of multiple resistance. Most infections due to Sh dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii are acquired abroad, and the increasing incidence of drug resistance among these organisms contrasts with the decreasing incidence of resistance among the indigenous Sh sonnei. These findings may indicate the need for better control of antibiotic use, particularly in developing countries. PMID- 6790086 TI - Effects of sodium valproate in 100 children with special reference to weight. AB - Excessive weight gain occurred in a patient who was taking sodium valproate and phenytoin. The sodium valproate was therefore withdrawn but the rapid weight loss that ensued led to phenytoin intoxication. Hence a retrospective analysis was conducted of 100 children with epilepsy treated with sodium valproate. Fit control improved in 77 and was best in children with generalised epilepsy. None of the reported severe side effects, such as acute liver disease and pancreatitis, were encountered. Milder but troublesome side effects, however, occurred in 65 patients. The commonest was increased weight gain, which occurred in 44 cases. Others were transient gastrointestinal disturbances (20), lassitude (nine), transient hair loss (six), transient enuresis (seven), and aggressive behaviour (four). PMID- 6790087 TI - Why request reprints? PMID- 6790088 TI - Warfarin poisoning in patients with prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 6790089 TI - Fenbufen-induced erythema multiforme. PMID- 6790090 TI - Oesophageal perforation at fibreoptic gastroscopy. PMID- 6790091 TI - Actinobacillus lignieresii infection after a horse bite. PMID- 6790092 TI - Further observations on serum free thyroxine concentrations during pregnancy. PMID- 6790093 TI - Referring children to an ENT department and prescribing psychotropic drugs to their mothers. PMID- 6790094 TI - The riots in my practice--Toxteth. PMID- 6790095 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Systolic murmurs. PMID- 6790096 TI - Terminal care: present services and future priorities. AB - Since 1975 hospices and other specialist services for terminal cancer have expanded rapidly. In December 1980 this survey found 72 such services in Britain providing 58 inpatient units, 32 home care teams, and eight hospital support teams. Many were outside the NHS. Inpatient units provided 1297 beds (modal size 21-25 beds) and dealt with under 7% of deaths from cancer. Home care teams provided 76.5 full-time equivalent nurses (modal size two nurses). Regional variations were considerable: from 10.9 beds/million population in Trent to 48.5 beds/million in South-west Thames; no home care nurses in Mersey and Wales, and 5.1 nurses/million in Wessex. Of 58 more services being planned, the 17 starting in 1981 will not substantially alter these regional imbalances. Respondents' opinions suggest a target of 40-50 inpatient unit beds/million population. This might be reduced if hospitals were better equipped to deal with these patients. Suggested priorities are to redress regional inequalities, develop home care and hospital support teams rather than inpatient units, and improve teaching and training. Co-ordination of plans between the NHS and the voluntary sector is needed. PMID- 6790097 TI - Statistics in question. Assessing methods--art of significance testing. PMID- 6790098 TI - Prostaglandins in gel for abortion. PMID- 6790099 TI - Urinary tract infection in young children. PMID- 6790100 TI - Shrapnel presenting with symptoms 62 years after wounding. PMID- 6790101 TI - Meningococcal chemoprophylaxis. PMID- 6790102 TI - Multiple-gated blood pool imaging in diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 6790103 TI - Synergistic action of metolazone with "loop" diuretics. PMID- 6790104 TI - Breast transillumination using the sinus diaphanograph. PMID- 6790105 TI - Epididymo-orchitis. PMID- 6790106 TI - Coffee drinking and cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 6790107 TI - Seronegative polyarthritis. PMID- 6790108 TI - Shipyard eye. PMID- 6790109 TI - The medical check-up. PMID- 6790110 TI - Pericardial complications of endocardial and epicardial pacing. AB - A patient with complete atrioventricular block was fitted with a temporary endocardial pacing wire via a right subclavian percutaneous approach. The result was initially satisfactory, but within a few days radiography for left-sided chest pain showed pneumopericardium. A permanent epicardial pacing system was therefore substituted and she remained well for three months. She was then admitted for syncope: the pacemaker was failing to capture, and radiography showed pericardial and pleural effusion. A new permanent endocardial pacing system using a wedged electrode was inserted and she made an uncomplicated recovery. Pneumopericardium complicating endocardial pacing has apparently not been reported before. Presumably the electrode had penetrated both the right ventricle and the pericardium into the adjacent lung. PMID- 6790111 TI - Pulmonary oedema without critical increase in left atrial pressure in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Twelve patients with acute myocardial infarction and radiological evidence of pulmonary oedema were observed in whom the left atrial pressure, measured indirectly as pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure, was not critically increased (range 5-12 mm Hg with reference to sternal angle). Eight of the patients had been treated with frusemide, but only six had responded: hence in at least half of the series diuresis could not account for the anomalous finding. Six patients with low cardiac output were given infusions to expand plasma volume. Appreciable increments in mean values for cardiac index (1.6 to 2.0 1/min/m2), stroke index (18 to 23 ml/beat/m2), mean arterial pressure (65 to 86 mm Hg), and pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (8 to 15 mm Hg) were recorded. This group, and the remaining six patients with higher cardiac output, survived to leave hospital. Delay in radiographic clearing after a fall of left atrial pressure was a possible explanation for the relatively low pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressures, especially in the patients treated successfully with diuretics. Other mechanisms, such as alterations in pulmonary vascular permeability, might also have contributed to the syndrome. Pulmonary oedema without a critical increase in the left atrial pressure is unusual in acute myocardial infarction but the therapeutic implications are important. Withdrawal;of diuretics may be indicated, and in some cases expansion of plasma volume may lead to striking clinical improvement. PMID- 6790112 TI - Iatrogenic hyponatraemia of the newborn due to maternal fluid overload: a prospective study. AB - Over five weeks 136 out of 246 deliveries were studied. Maternal plasma sodium concentrations were normal at admission. At delivery no significant difference was found between maternal and infant cord plasma sodium concentrations. Twenty four of the 41 mothers who had received only oral fluids during labour had infants whose cord plasma sodium concentrations were normal. Of the 95 mothers who had been given intravenous fluids, however, only 14 infants with normal plasma sodium concentrations, 31 had a concentrations of 130 mmol (mEq)/1 or less and nine of these had a concentration of 125 mmol/1 or less. There was a highly significant inverse relation between cord plasma sodium concentration and rate of fluid administration, suggesting that hyponatraemia was due to intravenous treatment with predominantly sodium-free solutions. Endogenous antidiuretic activity probably increases during labour, and synthetic oxytocin in large doses has been shown to have an antidiuretic effect. The dose used in this study did not appear to have such an effect. Glucose solutions are often used as a vehicle for oxytocin; 83% of all fluid intake in this study was 5% or 10% glucose in water. Fluid balance in labour should be supervised closely, and oxytocin should be given in a more concentrated solution. PMID- 6790113 TI - Calcification of radiolucent gall stone during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 6790115 TI - Diabetes mellitus I: Diagnosis and initial management. PMID- 6790116 TI - General practitioner and his music festival. PMID- 6790114 TI - Production of treponemicidal concentration of penicillin in cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6790117 TI - Three hundred years of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. PMID- 6790118 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: Growth failure. PMID- 6790119 TI - Thyrotoxic crisis masked by treatment with beta-blockers. PMID- 6790120 TI - Statistics in Question. Assessing methods-confidence intervals. PMID- 6790122 TI - Minor brain damage and alcoholism. PMID- 6790121 TI - Solvent encephalopathy. AB - Nineteen children aged 8-14 years were admitted over a six-year period with an acute encephalopathy due to toluene intoxication. Seven had a history of euphoria and hallucinations. The remainder presented with coma (4), ataxia (3), convulsions (3), and behaviour disturbance with diplopia (2), A history of glue sniffing was elicited in 14, but in the remainder toluene assay confirmed the diagnosis. Thirteen children recovered completely; five still had psychological impairment and personality change on discharge from hospital but were lost to follow-up, and one has a persistent cerebellar ataxia one year after the acute episode, despite absence of further exposure. Toluene inhalation is an important cause of encephalopathy in children and may lead to permanent neurological damage. Diagnosis is most important if further damage due to continued abuse is to be prevented, and toluene assay is a valuable aid to diagnosis. PMID- 6790123 TI - Geographical variations in disease in Britain. PMID- 6790124 TI - Drug treatment of premature labour. PMID- 6790125 TI - Puberty of female rats may in part be explained by decreased hypothalamic dopamine receptor sensitivity. AB - Dopamine (DA)-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the hypothalamus and preoptic area is highest at day 20 after birth and declines gradually to reach adult values at the time of puberty. Previously it was shown that serum prolactin levels and hypothalamic DA turnover show an inverse pattern. It is suggested that increasing prolactin levels stimulate DA turnover which results in inhibition of luteinizing hormone (LH) release. The constantly high DA turnover at later prepuberal ages desensitizes DA receptors which gradually relieves the inhibitory action of DA on LH release. PMID- 6790126 TI - Increase in mesolimbic electrical self-stimulation after chronic haloperidol: reversal by L-DOPA or lithium. AB - After chronic neuroleptic drug treatment, an increase in electrical intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) rate is seen from electrodes in the A10 dopaminergic nucleus. This increase, which persists for approximately 3 weeks following drug withdrawal, is believed to represent a behavioral manifestation of drug-induced dopaminergic synaptic supersensitivity. Chronic L-DOPA caused a partial reversal of haloperidol-induced ICSS increase. Lithium carbonate, given concurrently with the haloperidol, partially prevented the development of ICSS supersensitivity. It is concluded that dopaminergic synaptic sensitivity has a two-way modulatory capability. PMID- 6790127 TI - Correlation of brain blood flow, intracellular pH and metabolism in hypoglycemic cats under halothane and barbiturate anesthesia. AB - The neurophysiological alterations associated with transient insulin-induced hypoglycemia were compared in 14 cats anesthetized with halothane and 14 cats anesthetized with pentobarbital fasted for 18 h prior to the study. Each anesthetic group was further divided into acute and chronic preparations which in turn were prepared and studied in an identical manner except for the anesthetic agent employed. In the chronic animals there was no difference in survival between the two groups following a 2-h period of hypoglycemia. In these preparations there were no significant differences in: blood glucose levels, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP); arterial carbon dioxide tension (paCO2), arterial oxygen tensions (paO2), arterial pH (pHa), or acid-base balance during the period of hypoglycemia. Differences in the electroencephalograms were commensurate with the anesthetic used. In the acute preparations cerebral blood flow (CBF), xenon 133 clearance technique; brain pH, pH sensitive fluorescent indicator method; and cerebral metabolic rates of oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose consumption were determined at 15-min intervals in addition to the measurements recorded in the chronic group. During a 3-h period of regular insulin administration at a rate of 30 units/kg/h there were no significant differences in any of the systemic or brain measurements recorded except for CBF (halothane greater than barbiturate). EEGs in the acute group of animals paralleled the chronic group and improved but did not return to normal following glucose resuscitation at the end of the period of hypoglycemia. All the acute animals had a normal paCO2-CBF response curve prior to the insulin administration. CBF and brain pH remained constant during the period of hypoglycemia in both groups. However, following the administration of glucose there was a significant brain acidosis and EEG change without a change in CBF. We conclude that: the protective effects of barbiturates in states of hypoxemia or ischemia do not extend to hypoglycemia, brain pH and blood flow are not altered by moderate (as opposed to severe) hypoglycemia, and brain pH may not be the prime regulator in the CBF-metabolic blood flow couple. PMID- 6790128 TI - The olfactory bulb is rich in TRH immunoreactivity. AB - We report that the rat olfactory bulb is rich in thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity. TRH content was determined according to the radioimmunoassay method of Bassiri and Utiger. The concentration (mean +/- SEM., n = 10) of TRH in olfactory bulb (60 +/- 10 pg/mg wet weight) was 23% of the concentration in the hypothalamus, and was at least twice that of other brain regions examined. The 2 olfactory bulbs (mean wet weight 65 mg/2 bulbs) contained 3.9 +/- 0.3 ng TRH. The TRH immunoreactivity could be separated into high and low molecular weight forms. The low molecular weight form co-chromatographed with authentic TRH (mol. wt. 362) on gel filtration and thin layer adsorption chromatography and caused the release of thyrotropin from pituitary tissue incubated in vitro. Since the neuronal organization and functions of the olfactory bulb are well described, studies of the localization and metabolism of TRH in this region may help to clarify the role of this tripeptide in the central nervous system. PMID- 6790129 TI - Weight-lifting by normal and deafferented monkeys: evidence for compensatory changes in ongoing movements. AB - When trained in a weight-lifting paradigm, both normal and deafferented monkeys achieved high reinforcement densities at all test weights employed. Recordings of acceleration on the first lift of an unknown weight reveal that at some delay after the start of movement deafferented monkeys can alter the subsequent trajectory by a sudden change in applied torque. Comparison with normal animals indicates that short latency feedback pathways in normal animals contribute to the smoothness of movements made in the face of unknown external loads. PMID- 6790130 TI - Effect of sodium valproate on hypothalamic neurons in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effects of sodium valproate on extracellularly recorded spontaneous neuronal activity and its interaction with GABA-induced inhibition were assessed in the rat medial basal hypothalamus both in situ and in explant culture. In situ, valproate enhanced the spontaneous rate in 14 of 20 neurons sampled, 6 neurons were unaffected. In vitro, valproate had an inconsistent effect on firing rate; the spontaneous rate was decreased in 6 cells, elevated in 1, while 17 either were unchanged or demonstrated no consistent pattern of response. Both in vivo and in vitro, valproate produced a variable effect on GABA induced inhibition. In vivo, the modal response of valproate on GABA inhibition was antagonism whereas the response in vitro was less consistent, favoring no change in GABA inhibition. The results of this study suggest that valproate exerts an inconsistent action on hypothalamic neurons. These findings are in contrast to those from the cerebral cortex, suggesting that the action of valproate in the brain may be regionally specific. PMID- 6790131 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Bergmann glia and oligodendroglia in the mouse cerebellum. AB - Immunohistochemical staining showed that the adult isozyme of sn-glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) was localized in two populations of cells in the mouse cerebellum. Staining was not detectable until after 10 days of age, thus correlating with the onset of accumulation of the adult enzyme. The two cell populations were identified as Bergmann glia and oligodendroglia on the basis of their morphology, distribution and their nearly complete absence from cerebella of mice with mutations (Weaver, wv/wv and Jimpy, jp/Y, respectively (which are known to reduce the numbers of these cell types. Biochemical analysis of these mutants suggests that Bergmann glia contribute approximately 60% of the total cerebellar GPDH activity while the contribution of oligodendroglia in the cerebellum is negligible. In addition, immunohistochemical staining of the rat cerebellum showed a distribution of this enzyme similar to that of the mouse. However, oligodendroglia of the rat stained more intensely than did the Bergmann glia. PMID- 6790132 TI - [Comparison of cultivation positivity with positivity in biological experiment in patients with newly detected tuberculosis of the lungs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790133 TI - [Our experience with intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790135 TI - Measurement of the respiratory metabolism of the fowl. AB - 1. The occurrence of low respiratory quotients (RQ) in fowls and the reliability of oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide output and heat production data in indirect calorimetry were studied. 2. The RQ data from the gravimetric and the combined gravimetric-volumetric systems were essentially the same, while differences in O2 and CO2 between the systems were primarily due to variations in environmental temperature. 3. Fasting RQ was never less than 0.70 in these systems. 4. In the volumetric system the O2, CO2 and RQ data from the diaferometer were significantly different from the infra-red and paramagnetic analyses. 5. The CO2 values from the diaferometer were correct, but the O2 values were too low. In the specific analysers the reverse was seen, the paramagnetically-determined O2 values being correct and the CO2 values from infra-red analysis being too low. 6. Thus the fasting RQ values from the diaferometer were too high (0.762) and from the specific analysers too low (0.683). PMID- 6790134 TI - Effects of ageing and gonadal steroid hormones on prolactin concentrations in the anterior pituitary of the chicken. AB - 1. Effects of ageing and gonadal steroid hormones on pituitary prolactin (PRL) concentration in the chicken were investigated. 2. No difference was found in the qualitative electrophoretic patterns of the anterior pituitary homogenates at different ages and between the sexes. 3. Pituitary PRL concentrations in males were generally higher than in females. 4. Pituitary PRL concentrations in castrated immature cockerels were higher than in intact birds, while PRL concentration was depressed by the injection of testosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate. 5. Prolactin concentration in intact immature cockerels was decreased by daily injection of testosterone or oestradiol for 3 weeks but not by injection of the hormones for 1 week. PMID- 6790136 TI - [Embryotoxic and teratogenic action of dichlorvos (organophosphate insecticide) on the development of the quail embryo]. AB - Incubation of quail embryos in a DDVP-enriched atmosphere (0,002 18 mg dichlorvos/m3 air) reveals both embryotoxic and teratogenic effects of this pesticide. The embryos surviving beyond the 5th day were affected with multiple malformations associated to those ascribed to an anticholinesterase action: lordosis, scoliosis... Although incubation chambers were ventilated twice a day, the results can be modulated according to the nature (aluminium, plastic, cardboard) of the boxes which were used. PMID- 6790137 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies against the factor VIII/Willebrand factor molecule: inhibition of the cofactor action of ristocetin and the antihemophilic factor]. AB - Seven hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies active against the F.VIII/vWF protein, were established. Three of them inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, two others are directed against the antihemophilic activity and two bind to the molecule without any effect on biological activities. PMID- 6790138 TI - [Study, after stopping treatment, of the consequences of the injection of male hormones in mares on their social behavior and hierarchical position]. AB - The androgenization of a more belonging to a social group where it held a stable hierarchic rank, or a mare recently admitted to this group, increases their status in the hierarchic order and the position acquired is subsequently maintained; in some cases, they continue to rise in the hierarchic order long after the injections of male hormones has been stopped. Some elements of the social behaviour of a stallion appear during the treatment; these elements may persist long after the mares have regained their female hormone balance, corroborated by the establishment of a standard pregnancy. PMID- 6790139 TI - High dose fentanyl anaesthesia with oxygen for aorto-coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6790140 TI - Rebreathing and co-axial circuits: a comparison of the Bain and MERA F. PMID- 6790141 TI - A simple formula for adjusting arterial carbon dioxide tension. PMID- 6790142 TI - A new mitogenic D-galactosephilic lectin isolated from seeds of the coral-tree Erythrina corallodendron. Comparison with Glycine max (soybean) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins. AB - The lectin of Erythrina corallodendron (Caesalpiniaceae) seeds was purified by heating, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and affinity chromatography on acid treated Sepharose. The purified lectin is similar to the soybean lectin in being a glycoprotein of molecular weight around 110 000 - 120 000 and having D galactosephilic activity. This lectin, like the soybean and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins, binds to D-galactosamine, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, alpha- and beta-galactosides as well as to D-galactose. Like these lectins it absorbs onto either untreated or enzyme (papain or neuraminidase) treated human red blood cells, but exhibits a considerable mitogenic activity towards human lymphocytes (predominantly T cells) only after their treatment with neuraminidase. This mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes is inhibited by D-galactose and its derivatives. Despite the great similarity between them, the E. corallodendron, soybean, and Pseudomonas lectins differ in regard to the intensity of their agglutinating activity towards erythrocytes obtained from different animals and human donors of diverse ABO blood groups. This phenomenon may be attributed to the difference in the affinities of the three lectins to the various D-galactose derivatives and to their molecular properties. PMID- 6790143 TI - Capsular serotypes of Corynebacterium equi. AB - Antisera were prepared against 26 isolates of Corynebacterium equi. A capsular antigen preparation was made by washing a heavy suspension of individual C. equi isolates in saline overnight. Ninety-seven isolates from a variety of sources were tested by a double diffusion immunoprecipitin test and seven capsular serotypes identified. The majority of isolates belonged to capsular serotype 1 (59.8%) and 2 (25.8%). No clear relationship was established between capsular serotype and the source of origin of the isolates (disease processes in horses, pigs, man, cattle, dogs or cats). PMID- 6790144 TI - The bovine immune response to Brucella abortus IV. Studies with a double immunodiffusion test for antibody against A2. AB - A double immunodiffusion test for precipitins against Brucella antigen A2 was developed and applied to a variety of samples. The A2 precipitins were produced by a heifer infected with B. abortus strain 2308, cattle vaccinated with killed B. melitensis strain H38 or live B. abortus strain 19 and by a dog infected with B. canis. Precipitins were also detected in the second International Standard for anti-Brucella abortus serum, in several anti-B. canis sera and at low levels in one anti-B. ovis serum tested. Antisera produced in calves against Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:9 had no anti-A2 activity despite titers greater than or equal to 1/1024 and greater than or equal to 1/80 in standard Brucella agglutination and CF tests, respectively. The test for A2 precipitins lacked specificity as weak reactions were obtained with five of 295 sera from brucellosis-free herds. This test was relatively insensitive, detecting precipitins in only 16 of 24 sera from infected cattle and 27 of 54 sera positive by complement fixation and enzyme labelled antiglobulin tests performed with whole cell and smooth lipopolysaccharide antigens, respectively. The A2 precipitins were detected in nine sera from five cattle, in two infected herds, which were negative by agglutination and complement fixation tests. PMID- 6790145 TI - Studies on glutamic acid decarboxylase from Listeria monocytogenes. AB - The isolation and characterization of glutamic acid decarboxylase from Listeria monocytogenes has been described. Effects of various concentrations of glutamic acid as a substrate and pyridoxal phosphate as coenzyme on the activity of the partially purified enzyme have been examined and their Km and Vmax values determined. The enzyme exhibits relatively higher activity in 0.1 M pyridine pyridine hydrochloride buffer with a pH value of 4.6. PMID- 6790146 TI - Studies on the association of the alpha and beta 2 subunits of the tryptophan synthase of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Studies using Sephadex gel filtration indicated that the alpha and beta 2 components of the Bacillus subtilis tryptophan synthase associate to form complexes under the appropriate conditions of buffer, pH, and temperature. Monovalent cations, glycerol, and the cofactor, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, were required to maintain and active beta 2 component, and in turn, affected the association of the alpha and beta 2 components. Under conditions that stabilized the individual components during their purification, the affinity of the subunits for each other was weak. Under the same buffer conditions, but at the higher pH of 7.8 which the enzymatic activities are assayed, the individual components readily associated. The substrate serine appeared to affect complex formation but there was no effect from the indole moiety. When the temperature was raised from 4 to 22-25 degrees C, complex formation was observed at both pH 6.6 and 7.8. The results of these experiments are consistent with the formation of alpha beta 2 and alpha 2 beta 2 species as the associated tryptophan synthase complexes of B. subtilis. PMID- 6790147 TI - Reversal of fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinols and their copper(II) bischelates. II. Reversal of the action of 8-quinolinol by DL-alpha-lipoic acid. AB - The effect of amino acids and derivatives, Krebs cycle acids and related compounds, fatty acids, and vitamins and related compounds on the toxicity of 8 quinolinol and bis(8-quinolinolato)copper(II) to Aspergillus oryzae (ATCC 1011) was studied. Only aliphatic thiol-containing compounds (cysteine, glutathione, dithioerythritol, and dithiothreitol) and DL-alpha-lipoic acid protected against 8-quinolinol but not its copper(II) bischelate. It is suggested that 8-quinolinol inhibits lipoic acid biosynthesis, and the mode of fungitoxicity of 8-quinolinol is different from that of bis(8-quinolinolato)copper(II). PMID- 6790148 TI - Mycoplasmas in diseases of humans. AB - The roles of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in diseases of humans are currently under investigation. M. pneumoniae, which causes primary atypical pneumonia, is a well established pathogen of the respiratory tract. Complications of infection by this organism are also being recognized; they include disorders of the hematopoietic, cardiovascular, central nervous, musculoskeletal, cutaneous and gastrointestinal systems. The roles of the genital mycoplasmas M. hominis and U. urealyticum are controversial but may include infections of the genitourinary tract and in pregnancy as well as diseases of the newborn, such as neonatal pneumonia and meningitis. In this review atypical pneumonia due to M. pneumoniae is described and the role of mycoplasmas in other diseases is discussed. PMID- 6790149 TI - Hepatitis non-A, non-B. AB - Evidence for the existence of hepatitis non-A, non-B includes epidemiologic data and results of transmission studies indicating the presence of hepatitis that could not be explained by known causative agents. The diagnosis is suggested in patients who have multiple episodes of acute hepatitis or who contract hepatitis after transfusion, hemodialysis or drug abuse. Sporadic cases are common. Three such cases are described to illustrate that the disease is clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis A or B. The diagnosis is based on the absence of serologic markers of hepatitis A and B and of infection by Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus, or on serologic evidence of previous infection with hepatitis A and B. PMID- 6790151 TI - Computer-assisted medicine: economics of computing (part 1). PMID- 6790150 TI - Disinfecting endoscopes: how not to transmit Mycobacterium tuberculosis by bronchoscopy. AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis was cultured from the bronchial washings of two patients who underwent bronchoscopy consecutively with the same bronchoscope. Active pulmonary tuberculosis was later confirmed in the first patient, whereas the second patient had clinical and serologic evidence of infection with respiratory syncytial virus. The bronchoscope had been cleaned with an iodophor disinfectant, which had not destroyed the tubercle bacilli. The agent recommended for chemical disinfection of fibreoptic bronchoscopes is 2% glutaraldehyde solution; the instrument should be immersed in it for 10 to 30 minutes. Five hours' exposure to ethylene oxide is recommended for sterilization of instruments. These procedures must be preceded by adequate mechanical cleaning. Then transmission of pathogenic organisms during endoscopy, which can result in nosocomial disease, misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment, will be avoided. PMID- 6790152 TI - Auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from localized and disseminated infections in Montreal. AB - A survey recently made in the United States on the regional distribution of auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae suggested that isolates from different geographic areas often differ in auxotype. A subsequent auxotyping study in Montreal of 901 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, 15 from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection, proved interesting in many regards. Gonococcal genetic medium, modified by the addition of other amino acids, was used. Most (93%) of the strains isolated from patients with localized infection belonged to one of the following three phenotypes: arginine-, hypoxanthine- and uracil-dependent (44%); prototrophic (33%); and proline-dependent (16%). Of the 15 strains responsible for disseminated infection 14 required arginine, hypoxanthine and uracil for growth. PMID- 6790153 TI - Valproic acid and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6790154 TI - The effect of thio-TEPA on developing and established mammalian bladder tumors. AB - The inhibitory effect of thio-TEPA on both developing and established mammalian bladder cancer was tested in the FANFT model system using female C3H/He mice. This model allows the histologic evaluation of the entire target organ, a major advantage over clinical trials, which have relied largely on endoscopic appearance for determination of response. A powerful carcinogen, FANFT is known to cause bladder carcinoma in at least 90% of these animals within 12 months. The tumors develop through a spectrum of morphologic changes including hyperplasia, dysplasia, and carcinoma in situ. Animals were divided into equally sized control and test groups and either thio-TEPA or saline was administered on a schedule designed to correspond to that used in clinical trials. Bladders from 159 mice were evaluated grossly, microscopically and in some instances, ultrastructurally, for the presence of tumor or other intraepithelial lesions. When compared to controls, thio-TEPA had no statistically significant inhibitory effect on either developing or established bladder tumors. The drug did, however, cause a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of high-grade, high-stage lesions when given during tumor development and may retard the evolution of such neoplasms from low-grade noninvasive carcinomas. The correlation of these experimental findings with the reportedly beneficial results of clinical trials is discussed. PMID- 6790155 TI - Management of inflammatory carcinoma of breast with combined modality approach - an update. AB - Thirty-two patients with inflammatory breast cancer were treated with a combined modality approach consisting of combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and cyclophosphamide, followed by radiation therapy. The disease-free interval and survival of this group were compared with 32 patients with inflammatory breast cancer treated with irradiation without systemic therapy at our institution in the past. In the actuarial median follow up of 62 months (range 42+ to 76+ months) of study, 11 patients in combined modality group and three patients in the irradiation group were free of disease. Overall median disease-free interval was 22.8 months for the combined modality group and nine months for the irradiation group, and 30.1 months and 18 months, respectively. The median disease-free interval of patients less than 50 years of age was 19 months for the combined modality group and nine months for the irradiation group; median survival was 24 months for both subgroups. Forty percent of the patients under 50 years of age in the combined modality group and 7% in the irradiation group had recurrence of central nervous system disease. Of the patients greater than of equal to 50 years of age, the median disease-free interval was 32.1 months for the combined modality group and nine months for irradiation group; median survival was 42 months and 18 months, respectively. The combined modality approach has resulted in improved disease-free interval of patients less than 50 years of age, but survival of this subgroup was not significantly improved possibly because of the high incidence of central nervous system disease recurrence. This treatment was effective in prolonging the disease free interval and survival of patients greater than or equal to 50 years of age, with an estimated 45% of the patients surviving free of disease beyond 42 months. PMID- 6790156 TI - The morphologic effects of mitomycin C in mammalian urinary bladder. AB - This investigation was intended to determine the morphologic changes of mitomycin C. It is part of a series of experiments designed to evaluate the cytologic and histologic effects of topical chemotherapeutic agents using the FANFT experimental model system in mice. The results for mitomycin C are very similar to those previously reported for thio-tepa. The indicate that these chemicals produce few, if any, drug-specific light microscopic alterations. Rather, mitomycin C and thio-tepa apparently act as toxic substances, causing increased exfoliation, degeneration, and necrosis of urothelial cells. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future investigations are discussed. PMID- 6790157 TI - Immunodeficiency, pulmonary lymphoreticular infiltration, paraproteinemia, and terminal lymphoma. PMID- 6790158 TI - The pathology of gamma heavy chain disease: report of a case with morphologic progression from lymphocytic to plasmacytic proliferation. PMID- 6790159 TI - Acquired factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with mycosis fungoides. AB - Acquired factor VIII inhibitors have been noted in patients with hemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency), in nonhemophilic individuals with various collagen vascular diseases, in certain normal women following parturition, and occasionally in elderly individuals with no underlying diseases. This study describes the first reported instance of a factor VIII inhibitor in a patient with mycosis fungoides who had bleeding manifested by gross hematuria. Treatment with corticosteroids and cryoprecipitate was followed by cessation of hematuria within two weeks. The patient had one episode of shoulder pain presumably related to hemarthrosis. Immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide was instituted in an attempt to decrease antibody production and control skin involvement of mycosis fungoides. Factor VIII inhibitor level rose to 100 Bethesda units without further serious bleeding. There was no peripheral blood evidence of Sezary syndrome. It is possible that some patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, such as mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, may have an increase in helper T-cells which may lead to excessive B-cell activity and overproduction of antibodies. PMID- 6790160 TI - Serious hyponatremia in patients with cancer: management with demeclocycline. AB - Seventeen patients with cancer or aplastic anemia received demeclocycline as treatment for hyponatremia. Prior to demeclocycline therapy no patients showed clinical signs of fluid overload or saline depletion. In all patients inappropriately concentrated urine (mean urine osmolality = 548 mOSM/kg H2O) or increased urine content of sodium (mean urine sodium = 91 mEq/L) were documented prior to demeclocycline therapy. No patient had developed hyponatremia in association with antineoplastic drug therapy. The average serum sodium (NaS) at the time of initiation of therapy was 121 mEq/L. NaS increased in all patients despite the simultaneous administration of generous volumes of fluid. NaS exceeded 130 mEq/L and average of 3.5 days following institution of demeclocycline. Patients lost an average of 2.3 kg during demeclocycline. The toxicity noted following demeclocycline was azotemia and increased serum creatinine. Eight patients developed serum urea nitrogen (SUN) in excess of 25 mg/dl; average maximum creatinine in these eight patients was 1.9 mg/dl. Average peak creatinine in eight patients who did not develop azotemia was 0.87 mg/dl. Azotemia seemed to be correlated with simultaneous administration of other nephrotoxic agents and with administration of higher doses (1200 mg/day) of demeclocycline. PMID- 6790161 TI - Nitroglycerin: using a familiar drug in new ways. PMID- 6790162 TI - Failure to detect mutagenic effects of anti-tumor alkyl-lysophospholipids. PMID- 6790163 TI - Aspirin inhibition of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide-induced lesions of the urinary bladder correlated with inhibition of metabolism by bladder prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. AB - The effects of aspirin on N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]-formamide (FANFT) induced urinary bladder lesions, endogenous bladder prostaglandin E2 synthesis, and the metabolism of FANFT by bladder epithelial microsomes were examined. Rats were fed 0.5% aspirin and/or a diet containing 0.1% or 0.2% FANFT. Bladder lesions were observed with light and scanning electron microscopy, and the prostaglandin E2 content of rat bladder was measured by radioimmunoassay. Metabolism of FANFT was measured by decreased absorbance at 400 nm. Aspirin inhibited the appearance of hyperplastic lesions induced by feeding 0.1% or 0.2% FANFT for 6 or 12 weeks. Aspirin reduced bladder prostaglandin E2 content at 1, 2, 6, and 13 weeks compared to corresponding control values. Rat and rabbit microsomal metabolism of FANFT were dependent upon specific fatty acid substrate and prevented by specific inhibitors (including aspirin) of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. Other inhibitor and substrate specificity studies suggest that FANFT was not metabolized by xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, lipid peroxidation, or mixed-function oxidases. These results suggest that the metabolism of FANFT by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase may be involved in the metabolic activation of FANFT necessary for the induction of bladder cancer in rats. PMID- 6790164 TI - Identification of the major protein adduct formed in rat liver after thioacetamide administration. AB - The in vivo covalent binding of the hepatocarcinogen thioacetamide to rat liver protein has been examined. Following administration of 3H- or 14C-labeled thioacetamide, the modified amino acids present in the hepatic cytosolic proteins were isolated by enzymatic digestion and ion-exchange chromatography. Approximately 70% of the radioactivity covalently bound to cytosolic protein was recovered in a compound which upon acid hydrolysis yielded lysine and radiolabeled acetate. Additional studies indicated the structure of this adduct was N-epsilon-acetyllysine. PMID- 6790165 TI - Reduction of chronic doxorubicin cardiotoxicity in dogs by pretreatment with (+/ )-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)propane (ICRF-187). AB - Adult beagle dogs were given doxorubicin (1.0 mg/kg body weight i.v.) either alone or 30 min after ICRF-187 (NSC 169780) (12.5 mg/kg body weight i.p.) at weekly intervals. Control dogs received 0.9% NaCl solution i.v. 30 min after ICRF 187 i.p. (12.5 mg/kg body weight). One week after the 15th injection (300 mg/sq m total dose), the animals were sacrificed. The frequency and extent of cellular lesions were graded on a scale of 0 to 4+. Such lesions, consisting mainly of vacuolization and myofibrillar loss, were noted in the hearts of all six dogs given doxorubicin alone. The lesions were severe (4+) in five of these animals and moderate (2+) in one. In contrast, no abnormalities were noted in the hearts of four of the six dogs pretreated with ICRF-187 before doxorubicin administration; the remaining two animals in this group had minimal alterations (1+). At the dosage regimen used in the present experiments, doxorubicin did not induce lesions in lungs, liver, kidney, diaphragm, small intestine, or skeletal muscles. Comparable decreases in white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and serum iron concentration were found in animals receiving doxorubicin with or without ICRF-187. Concurrent administration of ICRF-187 offers a promising means of reducing the chronic cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin. PMID- 6790166 TI - Binding of 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene metabolites to rat liver cytosol proteins and ligandin subunits. AB - Twenty min after i.p. administration of 3'-[14C]methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene in corn oil to rats, 0.73% of administered radioactivity was present in the liver. Only 0.45% of radioactivity present in liver was recovered in the nuclear fraction, whereas 25% was present in the cytosol fraction. Twenty seven % of cytosolic radioactivity was trichloroacetic acid precipitable, and 2% was immunoprecipitable with monospecific anti-rat liver ligandin immunoglobulin G. After 3 hr of administration, 3.2% of administered radioactivity was present in the liver, 40% of which was in the cytosol. Although 59% of radioactivity present in liver cytosol was trichloroacetic acid precipitable as compared to 27% at 20 min, the radioactivity precipitated by anti-ligandin immunoglobulin G was still 2%. When liver cytosol obtained from rats after 20 min of 3'-[14C]methyl N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene administration was fractionated on a Sephadex G-75 column, three peaks of radioactivity were observed. When cytosol was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography, radioactivity was mainly associated with 5 proteins with molecular weights of 88,000, 47,000, 41,000, 31,000, and 22,000. When the immunoprecipitate obtained from cytosol with anti-ligandin immunoglobulin G was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and fluorography, radioactivity was exclusively associated with the subunit of ligandin with a molecular weight of 22,000. Approximately 90% of the radioactivity in the immunoprecipitate was covalently associated with this subunit. These studies reveal that 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene or its metabolites are selectively bound to the subunit of ligandin with a molecular weight of 22,000 and four other cytosol proteins in vivo. PMID- 6790167 TI - Recovery of the in vivo cytotoxic T-cell response in cyclophosphamide-treated mice by injection of mixed-lymphocyte-culture supernatants. AB - Mice given injections of high antileukemic doses of cyclophosphamide lost the capacity to generate cytotoxic T-cells in vivo to allogeneic tumor cells. These low responses were not due to the elimination of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors because normal cytotoxic responses were obtained in vivo after cyclophosphamide treatment by injection of helper factor derived from mixed lymphocyte-culture supernatants. PMID- 6790168 TI - Mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed different amounts and types of fat. PMID- 6790169 TI - Evidence that the effectiveness of antioxidants as inhibitors of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced mammary tumors is a function of dietary fat composition. AB - A study of tumor incidence and tumor growth rates in 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated female Sprague-Dawley rats fed different types and amounts of dietary fat indicates that the difference in tumor incidence may be a reflection of marked differences in the growth of neoplastic clones to a palpable size within the time frame of the study. In addition, the observation is made that some antioxidants which inhibit tumor development in animals fed commercial rations are not effective when given in purified diets. PMID- 6790170 TI - Serum hormones and lipoproteins in benign breast disease. AB - Seventeen young women with clinically confirmed mammary dysplasia and six age matched controls were treated with alpha-tocopherol. Serum samples collected during the luteal phase of each woman at monthly intervals for the 4-month duration of the study were analyzed for serum luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and prolactin concentrations by radioimmunoassay and for lipoprotein levels by a combination of precipitation, ultracentrifugation, and enzymatic techniques. Fifteen patients showed objective and subjective remission from disease. While prolactin levels did not change significantly, elevated levels of luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones were decreased to normal levels. Ratios of serum cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased; high-density lipoprotein and free cholesterol associated with low density lipoproteins increased as a result of therapy. The results suggest that alpha-tocopherol may serve as an effective agent not only to treat patients with benign breast disease but also to normalize abnormal hormone and lipid levels in subjects at high risk for breast cancer. PMID- 6790171 TI - Effects of ischaemia and reperfusion on calcium exchange and mechanical function in isolated rabbit myocardium. AB - We have studied calcium exchanges and mechanical function in heart muscle during and after a period of ischaemia. The experimental preparation was the isolated but arterially perfused interventricular septum of the rabbit. Uptake of calcium was measured with 47Ca2+ and efflux with 45Ca2+. 51Cr-EDTA was used as a marker of the extracellular space. Ischaemia caused a rapid decline of developed tension followed by a rise in resting tension. Tissue counts of 47Ca2+ decreased due to a reduction in the extracellular space. On reperfusion after ischaemia developed tension partially recovered and resting tension increased further before returning towards control values. A large and prolonged uptake of 47Ca2+ occurred immediately on reperfusion while 45Ca2+ efflux rose transiently. The uptake of calcium was related to the severity and duration of ischaemia and to the degree of mechanical recovery. Calcium accumulation on reperfusion is due to an increased influx which is not related to gross disruption of the cell membrane but more probably to a specific abnormality of ionic channels. PMID- 6790172 TI - [Nitrogem monoxide and valoron as anaesthetics in gall bladder and bile duct surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790173 TI - Fine structure of intramembranous particle aggregates in ADH-treated frog urinary bladder and skin: influence of glutaraldehyde and N-ethyl maleimide. AB - The fine structure of ADH-induced intramembrane particle aggregates has been studied in different tissues and under different experimental conditions. Particle aggregates similar to those previously observed in the amphibian urinary bladder and in the mammalian collecting duct were also found in the frog skin, another ADH target tissue. In the frog urinary bladder, typical aggregates were observed in the absence of glutaraldehyde fixation. Two experimental approaches were used 1) the absence of both fixative and cryoprotectant treatments and b) the absence of only glutaraldehyde treatment. In the latter case the reversal of hydrosmotic action was prevented by exposing the preparations to N-ethyl maleimide. In specimens of frog urinary bladder conventionally fixed with glutaraldehyde, two fracture levels could be observed in the aggregates, suggesting that the aggregated particles span an appreciable part of the membrane thickness. PMID- 6790175 TI - Brain failure. PMID- 6790174 TI - Fine structure of the gastric mucous and endocrine cells of the toad, Bufo marinus. AB - The ultrastructure of the mucous and endocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) has been examined. Surface mucous cells line the entire gastric mucosa and pits. Many of their secretory granules contain an electro dense core that remains unreactive after cytochemical testing for glycoproteins. A second spatially and structurally discrete population of mucous cells is present in the gastric glands. These glandular mucous cells are probably homologous with the antral gland and mucous neck cells of mammals; their secretory granules also contain non-glycoprotein cores. Three distinct populations of endocrine cells show structural homologies with gastric hormone storing cells of higher vertebrates. PMID- 6790176 TI - Stabilization and functional studies of high-molecular-weight murine lymphotoxins. PMID- 6790177 TI - Murine responses to (tyr-glu-ala-gly)n. II. H-2 and non-H-2 gene effects. PMID- 6790178 TI - Interaction between macrophages and Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula: role of IgG peptides and aggregates on the modulation of beta-glucuronidase release and the cytotoxicity against schistosomula. PMID- 6790179 TI - [Clinical experience with the preparation lithium carbonicum retard in psychiatry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790180 TI - [The influence of lithium on the TRH test value in depressive patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790181 TI - [Fabry's disease. Apropos of a personal case]. PMID- 6790182 TI - The use of immuno-double-diffusion tests in epidemiological studies of influenza in Spain. AB - The immuno-double-diffusion (IDD) test was used to detect antibodies against the prevalent influenza A (H3N2) viruses in sera collected weekly in Madrid from 1972 to 1975. A total of over 14 000 sera were tested. The proportion of sera positive in the IDD test was found to reflect the level of recent influenza A infection of the population. PMID- 6790183 TI - Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever in Iraq. AB - Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever was recognized for the first time in Iraq in 1979. The first case was reported on 3 September 1979 and since then a further 9 patients have been investigated. Eight patients gave a history of previous contact with sheep or cattle, while 2 patients, a resident doctor and an auxiliary nurse, acquired their infections in hospital by direct contact with patients. The causal virus was isolated from patients' blood and postmortem liver specimens. The virus isolates were found to be closely related if not identical serologically to members of the Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus group. Eight of the patients had no epidemiological relationship to one another and lived in widely separated areas around Baghdad and Ramadi (110 km to the west of Baghdad). PMID- 6790184 TI - [Presence of lymph-vascular anatomical units in dermoid cysts and the probable existence of a local immune defense system in various tissues]. AB - Studies on tooth eruption in several ovarian dermoid cysts showing the existence of immune defense gingival structures has allowed the presence of similar structures associated with respiratory and digestive differentiation zones to be observed. These structures are formed of histiocyto-plasmocyto-lymphocytes associated with capillary loops. The origin and histogenesis of those structures remains to be clarified but they suggest the probable existence of localised immune defense systems within certain tissues. PMID- 6790185 TI - [Do different types of lysozyme have a common precursor?]. PMID- 6790186 TI - [Comparative desaturation of linoleic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids by homogenates of human liver in vitro]. AB - Human liver homogenates were incubated with either [1-14C] linoleic or [2-14C] dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid comparatively. It appeared that only dihomo-gamma linolenic acid could be desaturated in our experimental conditions. However, the desaturating activity was lower than that in Rat liver homogenates. These results are discussed here, and compared to those obtained in other laboratories. PMID- 6790187 TI - [Simultaneous detection of HBs antigen and antiHBs antibody by a radioimmunologic method]. PMID- 6790188 TI - [Immunologic deficiency linked to aging. Role of monocytes]. AB - The capacity of mononuclear cells from individuals over 70 years of age to mount a primary in vitro antibody response is profoundly decreased. We show that the removal of a nylon-adherent cell restores this response. The suppressor cell is plastic adherent, phagocytic non-T and radio-resistant, thus probably a monocyte. Its effect is inhibited by indomethacin, which suggests that its action if mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 6790189 TI - [Measurement of pancreatic blood flow in female rats by the 133Xe technique : influence of gestation and the immediate effect of estradiol]. PMID- 6790190 TI - [Antiestrogenic effect of tamoxifen in the chick embryo]. PMID- 6790191 TI - [Obtaining intraerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium vivax by in vitro culture]. PMID- 6790192 TI - [Improvement of post-training performance 4 weeks after stimulation of the locus coeruleus in rats : absence of an effect of a lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle]. AB - The dorsal noradrenergic bundle of 25 day old rats was lesioned by means of a local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. Eight days later each locus coeruleus was stimulated for 4 hrs. Four weeks later the animals were tested on the acquisition of food-reinforced operant task. Not lesioned but stimulated, lesioned but not stimulated and not lesioned not stimulated rats were used in controls. The locus coeruleus stimulation induced nearly the same improvement of performances whether or not the dorsal noradrenergic bundle was lesioned. PMID- 6790193 TI - Determination of urinary amino acids by liquid chromatography with "dabsyl chloride". AB - We describe a "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic procedure for measuring amino acids in 0.5 mL of urine. The procedure includes direct derivatization of amino acids in urine samples with "dabsyl chloride" (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' sulfonyl chloride). An aliquot of this dabsylated amino acid solution is analyzed on a muBondapak C18 column with ethanol/sodium acetate (20 mmol/L, pH 4.0) 4/6 (by vol.), as mobile phase. Dabsylated amino acids are detected by their absorbance at 425 nm and quantitated by measuring peak heights. The procedure allows for the reliable analysis of amino acids in urine at concentrations near 16 mg/L. The sensitivity of this analysis on column approaches 5 ng/sample. Higher urinary tryptophan concentrations were found in the urines of some cancer patients, whereas we saw no significant difference in urinary glycine between cancer patients and control subjects. The present method was shown to be a straightforward procedure for detecting phenylalanine in phenylketonuric urine. Extension of this procedure to screening for other inborn errors of aminoaciduria is recommended. PMID- 6790195 TI - Extraction of underivatized valproic acid from serum before gas chromatography. PMID- 6790194 TI - Comparison of liquid control materials for pH, pCO2, and pO2 measurement. PMID- 6790196 TI - Immunochemical evaluation of the organ specificity of prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - In a survey of normal and cancerous human tissues we determined the distribution of immunoreactive prostatic acid phosphatase, using rabbit antiserum to acid phosphatase purified from prostatic fluid. In all normal tissues and blood cells studied except leukocytes we found less than 0.1% (expressed as micrograms per gram of wet weight of tissue) of the quantity of immunoreactive prostatic acid phosphatase detected in normal prostate tissue by radioimmunoassay. A small quantity of cross-reactive antigen (2.5 microgram/10(8) cells) was found in leukocytes. In all normal and cancerous nonprostate tissues surveyed by an immunohistochemical technique we detected no immunoreactive prostatic acid phosphatase, except in kidney tissue. Faint but reproducible staining was detected in the lumen of distal tubules and collecting ducts and within interstitial capillaries. Immunoreactive prostatic acid phosphatase was detected in the urine of pre- and post-pubertal males and females. We propose that this material is from serum (low concentrations of immunoreactive prostatic acid phosphatase are present in the serum of men and women) and that it is excreted into urine by the kidneys. Full proof of this must await future experimentation. The specificity of our antiserum for prostatic acid phosphatase was demonstrated by the fact that the Mr 100 000 and 20 000 liver acid phosphatase isoenzymes did not cross with our antiserum in either the radioimmunoassay or double-diffusion analysis. Similarly, preparations of isoenzymes 5A and 5B are human serum albumin did not cross react. PMID- 6790197 TI - Enzyme-enhancement immunoassay: a homogeneous assay for polyvalent ligands and antibodies. AB - A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for proteins has been developed that avoids the need for a labeled antigen. The technique involves antibody labeled with beta galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), succinylated antibody, and a macromolecular o nitrophenyl-beta-galactoside substrate. The enzyme-labeled antibody and the succinylated antibody form an immune complex in the presence of sample antigen. An enzyme within this negatively charged microenvironment produces a product that forms a second light-scattering phase, whereas the product produced by free enzyme remains soluble. Thus the antigen modulates the rate of increase in light scattering. The technique has been applied to assays for human immunoglobulin G and C-reactive protein as well as for specific antibodies. PMID- 6790198 TI - Low molecular mass IgM in urine of patients with primary and secondary renal diseases. AB - Urine specimens from 50 patients with various renal diseases and from 10 normal subjects were examined for the presence of low molecular mass (7S) IgM by double diffusion, using a specific anti-7S IgM serum. 7S IgM in urine was also quantitated by radial immunodiffusion in 5% polyacrylamide gel. It was found with high frequency in the urine of patients with secondary renal diseases associated with multi-system immunological disorders, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus. Two of the patients with lupus nephritis and positive results for 7S IgM in urine were initially diagnosed as nephrotic syndrome due to a primary renal disease; the symptoms and signs of systemic lupus erythematosus developed later. However, 7S IgM was not detected in the urine of patients with primary renal diseases (except for two cases of nephrotic syndrome), nor in normal subjects. Thus detection of 7S IgM in urine may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary renal diseases. PMID- 6790199 TI - Reduction of plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity during progestin treatment. AB - Twenty-seven menopausal women were given the synthetic progestin levonorgestrel for two weeks. The mean plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration decreased from 1.32 mmol/l to 1.01 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) during treatment. This was due to the selective reduction in plasma HDL2 cholesterol from 0.73 mmol/l to 0.44 mmol/l, whereas the plasma HDL3 cholesterol was not changed. The mean hepatic lipase (HL) activity of postheparin plasma increased from 20.6 to 35.3 mumol.h-1.ml-1 (p less than 0.001) while the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity was not changed. A significant inverse correlation existed between the HDL2 cholesterol concentration and HL activity both before (r=-0.49, p less than 0.01) and after (r=-0.39, p less than 0.05) treatment, and a significant correlation was observed between the changes in these two variables (r=0.39, p less than 0.05). These results are compatible with the hypothesis that HL participates in the regulation of plasma HDL2 levels and they suggest that progestin treatment reduces plasma HDL2 cholesterol concentration by increasing the hepatic lipase activity. It is not known whether this type of HDL2 reduction is accompanied by increased atherogenesis but as long as the issue is unresolved some caution is needed in the long-term use of levonorgestrel, particularly in women who simultaneously are given some other drug depressing plasma HDL2 concentration. PMID- 6790200 TI - Alterations in circulating thyroid hormones and thyroxine binding globulin in chronic alcoholism. AB - The present study concerns eighteen chronic alcoholics with minimal liver damage. A significant reduction in total serum T4 with an accompanying drop in circulating TBG was observed in these otherwise euthyroid patients. During alcohol withdrawal, we observed a rapid increase in T4 and TBG into the normal range. We suggest that the fall in the level of circulating thyroxine-binding globulin is related to a defect in its synthesis or secretion by the liver due to ethanol consumption. Caution is recommended in the interpretation of thyroid function tests in chronic alcoholics. PMID- 6790201 TI - Altered dopaminergic regulation of thyrotrophin release in patients with prolactinomas: comparison with other tests of hypothalamic-pituitary function. AB - This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that sustained hyperprolactinaemia in patients with prolactinomas stimulates hypothalamic dopaminergic activity via a short loop positive feedback effect of prolactin (PRL). The intensity of dopamine (DA) effects on the pituitary around the adenoma was evaluated by measuring thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to intravenous injection of domperidone (10 mg) a new DA receptor blocking drug that does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. TSH responses have been compared with those of PRL to the same agent. Eight females with prolactinomas showed greater TSH release after domperidone than nine normal females (sum of TSH increments over 20 min 17.5 +/- 1.7 v. 8.9 +/- 1.5 mu/l, P less than 0.001) whilst PRL release was reduced (sum of PRL increments over 120 min 5.9 +/- 2.4 v. 21.8 +/- 3.8 mu/l x 10(-3), P less than 0.01). Amongst nineteen hyperprolactinaemic females with apparently normal pituitary fossae (plain skull X-ray), ten showed an exaggerated TSH response (delta TSH, 4.2 +/- 0.6 mu/l, range 2.5-9.0 mu/1) and reduced PRL response to domperidone, comparable with established tumor cases. In the remaining nine normal fossa hyperprolactinaemic females, the TSH and PRL responses to dopaminergic were similar to normal females. These results support the initial hypothesis and indicate the coexistence of a defect in the dopaminergic inhibition of PRL release and increased dopaminergic inhibition of TSH release in patients with prolactinomas. The presence of an exaggerated TSH response to DA antagonism in a euthyroid, radiologically normal (plain skull X ray), hyperprolactinaemic patient is compatible with the presence of an autonomously-functioning, PRL secreting, pituitary microadenoma and the TSH changes seen in these patients after DA antagonist administration can be readily detected by sensitive TSH radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6790202 TI - Growth hormone (GH) secretion in hepatic encephalopathy. AB - Elevated plasma concentrations and abnormal secretory patterns of GH have been found in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Displacement of brain dopaminergic monoamines by false "neurotransmitters' produced in the gut has been postulated as a cause of encephalopathy. In this study basal GH plasma levels and their response to TRH and L-DOPA were determined in thirty-nine cirrhotic patients and fifteen controls. Eleven patients had evidence of encephalopathy (Group 1), twenty-eight did not (Group 2). Both basal levels and the mean peak response to TRH were significantly higher in the cirrhotic patients that in the controls (Group 3). Peak values were moderately, but not significantly, higher in Group 1 than in Group 2. The response to L-DOPA was considerably lower in the encephalopathic patients in comparison with the subjects of both Group 2 and Group 3. This finding is consistent with depletion of active "neurotransmitters' in CNS. Our data fail to demonstrate clearly whether the paradoxical response to TRH can also be related to these abnormalities of monoamine metabolism in cirrhotics. PMID- 6790203 TI - Effects of ethinyloestradiol on plasma levels of pituitary gonadotrophins, testicular steroids and sex hormone binding globulin in normal men. AB - Daily measurements of plasma FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, 17 beta-oestradiol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) activity were made in eight healthy, normal men during treatment with oral ethinyloestradiol (EE2) in a dose of 30 micrograms/day for 5 days following a 5-day control period. No significant changes in plasma levels of FSH and prolactin during oestrogen treatment occurred. In contrast, plasma concentrations of both LH and testosterone showed a biphasic pattern. Following an initial suppression during the first 3 days of oestrogen treatment both LH and testosterone increased again to baseline values despite continuation of oestrogen administration. The secondary rise of both hormones was associated with (and probably resulted from) a nearly 100% increase in the plasma concentration of SHBG binding activity, and hence reduction of free testosterone index (FTI). Unlike testosterone, plasma 17 beta-oestradiol during EE2 administration did not show a biphasic pattern, but a progressive decline that was positively correlated with the fall in FTI. The rapidity of onset and magnitude of the observed rise in SHBG levels emphasizes the need for measurement of this binding protein (or the free testosterone fraction) in studies on feedback regulation of gonadotrophins employing exogenous EE2 in human males. The observed increase of SHBG to supraphysiological values suggests that currently employed EE2 doses in such studies may be less 'physiologic' than is often assumed. PMID- 6790204 TI - Pituitary-ovarian function in normal women during the menopausal transition. AB - The excretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), oestrogens and pregnanediol was measured in weekly urine samples collected for 14 87 weeks (median, 43 weeks) from thirty-one perimenopausal women aged 36-55 years (median, 50 years). The results were compared with those found in twenty-two postmenopausal women aged 55.4 +/- 5.4 years (mean +/- SD), and in twenty premenopausal women aged 44.4 +/- 3.4 years with regular, ovulatory, menstrual cycles. Women classed as perimenopausal had a recent history of irregular menstrual cycles following regular cyclicity. The hormone patterns observed in the perimenopausal women varied widely, both between individuals and from time to time in the same individual. They ranged from ovulatory cycles with low premenopausal levels of FSH, to transient episodes indistinguishable from those found in postmenopausal women with high levels of FSH and LH. Between these extremes were patterns rarely seen at other times in reproductive life: namely, (1) in fourteen women on thirty-two occasions lasting 2-9 weeks, postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH occurred in association with high oestrogen levels; (2) in eighteen women on thirty occasions lasting 2-8 weeks, there was an elevation of LH (but not FSH) into the postmenopausal range; (3) in thirteen women on twenty six occasions lasting 1-2 weeks, there was an elevation of FSH (but not LH) into the postmenopausal range. These patterns were not seen in any of the premenopausal women. Typically, the approach of the menopause was marked by an increased incidence of high postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH. Ovulatory cycles were observed at all stages in the perimenopause, and occurred within 16 weeks of the last menstrual period in seven of the thirteen women who became postmenopausal during the study. It is concluded that the appearance of high levels of FSH and LH is characteristic of the perimenopause and often precedes the sustained loss of sex hormone secretion by the ageing ovary. Postmenopausal biochemical parameters are no guarantee of the postmenopausal state. PMID- 6790205 TI - Oestrogen-gonadotrophin feedback mechanisms in the puerperium. AB - The effect of oestradiol benzoate on serum gonadotrophin concentrations before and after LHRH administration was studied in lactating and non-lactating women at 3 and 6 weeks post-partum. Except in the non-lactating women at 6 weeks, basal serum FSH concentrations were suppressed by oestrogen. There were no significant changes in basal concentrations of LH after oestrogen in the lactating women in either the 3- or 6-week studies. Individual increases in the basal LH concentrations in two out of six non-lactating subjects in the 6-week study occurred but overall there were no significant changes. In the 6-week study amplification of the LH response to LHRH was found in both groups, the effect being significantly greater in the non-lactating women. Overall FSH responses were also significantly different in the two groups, being suppression in those lactating ad amplification in those not lactating. The LH/FSH ratios following LHRH administration in the 6-week non-lactating study were similar to those seen in the early follicular phase in regularly menstruating subjects. The basal ratios in the lactating subjects were, however, significantly less than those seen in the non-lactating subjects both at 3 and 6 weeks. This difference was associated with the relative enhancement of LH release in non-lactating subjects and enhancement of FSH release in those lactating. Taken together the results indicate the presence of an intact negative feedback of oestrogen on gonadotrophin release in both groups being enhanced at 6 weeks post-partum in the lactating subjects; also in the lactating subjects at 6 weeks there was less amplification by oestrogen of the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary to LHRH. At 6 weeks, however, in the non-lactating group these responses were similar to those seen in normal regularly menstruating subjects. These dynamic endocrine studies suggest a possible hypothalamic-pituitary mechanism which may help to explain the delayed return of ovulatory cycles in lactating women. PMID- 6790207 TI - The effect of naloxone on pulsatile gonadotrophin release in normal subjects. AB - The gonadotrophin response to naloxone infusion has been investigated in three adult males, and three adult females in the early follicular phase. The frequency of LH secretory episodes and the mean LH levels increased in both sexes. The data suggest that the pulsatile release of LH is under inhibitory opiate control. PMID- 6790206 TI - Endorphins and the regulations of the human menstrual cycle. AB - In order to assess a possible influence of endogenous opioids upon gonadotrophin secretion in women, we examined the effects of i.v. administration of 10 mg naloxone, a specific opiate antagonist, in ten normal menstruating women, in thirteen women with amenorrhoea and/or hyperprolactinaemia and in two women with putative deficiency of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In thirteen subjects, a saline vehicle control study (randomized order of administration) was also performed. In the normal women, naloxone failed to elicit changes in serum gonadotrophin levels when administered during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. However, significant increments of LH were observed from 30 to 165 min following naloxone administration during the late follicular phase. Similar LH responses occurred in the amenorrhoeic and hyperprolactinaemic women. There was a tendency towards a concomitant increment in FSH levels, which reached statistical significance variably from 60 to 105 min post-naloxone. The LH response to naloxone in individual subjects showed a significant (P less than 0.01) quadratic (U-shaped) relationship to the log basal oestradiol concentration. No response to naloxone was observed in the two patients with GnRH deficiency despite a brisk response to an exogenous GnRH bolus. Taken together, these data suggest that central nervous system inhibitory opioid pathways may be involved in the regulation of LH secretion in normal women and that excessive production of endogenous opioids may play a role in the pathophysiology of some amenorrhoeic conditions. PMID- 6790208 TI - Prolactin response to metoclopramide and chlorpromazine in primary testicular failure and isolated gonadotrophin deficiency. AB - The aim of the present study was to measure the PRL response to metoclopramide (MET) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) in seventeen patients with primary testicular failure and eight patients with isolated gonadotrophin deficiency (IGD). The responses were compared with those to TRH. Basal gonadotrophins and peak responses to LHRH were increased in testicular failure and reduced in IGD. Basal PRL levels were normal in both groups of patients. However, when compared with controls, the PRL response to both MET and CPZ as well as to TRH was exaggerated in primary testicular failure, whereas the responses wee decreased in IGD. In both patient groups, as well as in the controls, the PRL response to MET exceeded that to TRH and CPZ. It is suggested that alterations in the steroid milieu are responsible for the exaggerated PRL response to MET, CPZ and TRH in primary testicular failure and the reduced response observed in IGD. PMID- 6790209 TI - Familial C1q deficiency associated with renal and cutaneous disease. AB - A familial C1q deficiency of complement in three siblings has been established. The patients were two brothers and a sister (12, 11 and 9 years old) with clinical and pathological features of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (Poikiloderma congenital) and mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis with diffuse IgM deposits. Abnormality has been defined as a total lack of CH50 haemolytic activity, undetectable C1q, failure to correct the defect with functionally pure C2 to C9 complement components, normal values for C2, C3, C4 and C5 and restoration of CH50 haemolytic activity when purified human C1q was added to the assay. PMID- 6790210 TI - Studies on the origin of the precursor cells in multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia and benign monoclonal gammopathy. I. Cytoplasmic isotype and idiotype distribution in peripheral blood and bone marrow. AB - Lymphocytes and plasma cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with multiple myeloma, benign monoclonal gammopathy and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia were investigated for their cytoplasmic immunoglobulin distribution. Anti-idiotypic sera were used as markers for monoclonality. Double wavelength fluorescence microscopy made it possible simultaneously to use anti isotype and anti-idiotype sera with different fluorochromes. It was concluded that, in the bone marrow, the monoclonal event starts at the level of a lymphoid cell which has already been committed to its final isotype. The size of the monoclonal expansion in the bone marrow and the cell types involved in the proliferation may determine whether spread occurs. Polyclonal lymphoid cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulins were decreased in the peripheral blood and exhibited a reversed kappa/lambda ratio when compared to the immunoglobulin containing cells in the bone marrow. This finding suggests a light chain-type related depression of polyclonal B cell precursors. PMID- 6790211 TI - Expression of Ia-like antigens in human erythroid progenitor cells as determined by monoclonal antibodies and heteroantiserum to Ia-like antigens. PMID- 6790213 TI - Defective helper factor (LMF) production in patients with acute measles infection. PMID- 6790212 TI - An evaluation of the relationship between arachidonic acid lipoxygenation and human neutrophil degranulation. PMID- 6790214 TI - T cell imbalance in nonleukemic and leukemic cutaneous lymphoma defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6790215 TI - Long-term maintenance therapy with prazosin in congestive heart failure. AB - We evaluated the effects of long-term maintenance therapy with oral prazosin (6 20 mg, mean 14 +/- 2 mg/d) in 14 patients with congestive heart failure. The patients were followed for 6 +/- 1 months. Eleven of the fourteen patients reported subjective improvement. Two patients required increased diuretics because of gain in body weight. Systolic blood pressure showed a slight but sustained decrease suggesting persistent vasodilator effect. Reductions in echocardiographic left ventricular end-diastolic (6.35 +/- 0.25-5.88 +/- 0.25 cm, p less than 0.05) and end-systolic (5.16 +/- 0.35-4.73 +/- 0.28 cm, p less than 0.05) diameters were observed at 2 months. However, the cardiothoracic ratio on chest x ray was unaltered. Maximum exercise tolerance time increased in eight patients (57%) during prazosin therapy. Improvement in exercise tolerance time was observed in patients with most marked clinical improvement, suggesting presence of cardiac reserve. Two patients died suddenly after reporting subjective improvement. This study shows sustained clinical improvement in most patients with heart failure treated with oral prazosin. PMID- 6790216 TI - Medical causes of pain in the lower abdomen. PMID- 6790217 TI - Somatic reorganization of immunoglobulin genes during lymphocyte differentiation. PMID- 6790218 TI - Recombination events that activate, diversify, and delete immunoglobulin genes. AB - Immunoglobulin kappa light-chain diversity arises, in large part, from an array of germ-line V-region genes that undergo somatic recombination with one of four active J-region segments. The diversity provided by this combinational system is increased by a recombination mechanism that allows variation of crossover points so as to generate additional diversity at a critical region of the light chain. The elaborate mechanism for generating diversity is accompanied not only by considerable waste, in terms of unused V and J regions in a given cell, but also by a range of aberrant recombinants that fail to produce active immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 6790219 TI - Immunoglobulin genes undergo multiple sequence rearrangements during differentiation. PMID- 6790220 TI - RNA processing in immunoglobulin gene expression. PMID- 6790221 TI - Two types of DNA rearrangements in immunoglobulin genes. PMID- 6790222 TI - Studies on the nature and germ-line stability of DNA sequences flanking the mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant-region genes. PMID- 6790223 TI - Organization and reorganization of immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. PMID- 6790224 TI - Reorganization and expression of immunoglobulin genes: status of allelic elements. PMID- 6790225 TI - Changes in the excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in patients with essential hypertension during sodium intake restriction. AB - Excretion of noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), methoxycatecholamines (MNA + MA) as well as 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol (MHPG) was studied in 95 patients with essential hypertension and in 25 normal subjects on normal and low sodium diets. The patients were divided into 3 groups according to NA excretion under basal conditions. NA excretion was increased during sodium intake restriction, the highest values of this increase being found in patients whose basal NA excretion was diminished. At low sodium intake the high and the low NA excretors responded with significant increases of DA excretion. The mean excretion of VMA increased significantly on low sodium diet in all 3 groups of patients. The MNA + MA excretion decreased significantly during sodium intake restriction in patients with normal NA excretion. At low sodium intake the excretion of MHPG was highest in patients with low basal NA excretion. These data suggest that in patients with essential hypertension subjected to sodium restriction the excretion and metabolism of catecholamines are related to basal sympathetic activity. PMID- 6790226 TI - Intracranial pressure monitoring in severe hypertensive encephalopathy. AB - Treatment of arterial hypertension in severe hypertensive encephalopathy does not always result in clinical improvement in the patient's central nervous system. In order to elucidate further the status of the brain, the authors have measured intracranial pressure (ICP) and arterial pressure in three cases of severe hypertensive encephalopathy. ICP was elevated in two of the three cases with peak values ranging from 32-70 mm Hg. In these 2 patients, therapy to lower ICP, including hyperventilation, steroids, barbiturates, and furosemide was begun early in the course. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), defined as the difference between mean arterial pressure and ICP, was kept over 50 mm Hg to maintain adequate cerebral blood flow (CBF). These 2 patients survived. In the third case, measures to control ICP were instituted late in the course and the patient died of brain herniation. Intracranial hypertension is a complication of hypertensive encephalopathy and may contribute to cerebral injury. In cases of severe hypertensive encephalopathy, both ICP and arterial pressure should be monitored continuously. Judicious therapy aimed at lowering both ICP and arterial pressure, while maintaining an adequate CPP, should be employed. PMID- 6790227 TI - Early nutritional depletion in critically ill children. AB - Nutritional status was evaluated in 50 medical admissions to a pediatric ICU. All patients were evaluated within 48 h of admission; none had chronic organ failure or malignancies. Nutritional assessment included weight/50th percentile weight for length, length/50th percentile length for age, triceps skinfold thickness, and midarm muscle circumference. Acute protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) occurred in 16% of all children. Chronic PEM also occurred in 16%. The nutrient stores of fat and somatic protein were deficient in 18 and 20% of all children. Acute PEM and deficient somatic protein stores were more frequent in children less than 2 years (p less than 0.05). These findings indicate that malnutrition and nutrient store deficiencies are common early in the course of critical illnesses in children, especially in those less than 2 years of age. However, the findings do not indicate if the severity of illness was the cause or effect of poor nutritional status. PMID- 6790228 TI - Acute renal failure in infants and children: diagnosis, complications, and treatment. PMID- 6790229 TI - Intermittent mandatory ventilation-reconsidered. PMID- 6790230 TI - A study of growth hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. AB - A study was carried out in 15 male volunteers to evaluate qualitatively the secretion of growth factors following stimulation by oral amino acids. The results showed that oral administration of a combination of two amino acids (1200 mg 1-lysine plus 1200 mg 1-arginine) provoked a release of pituitary somatotropin and insulin. This phenomenon was reproducible and the growth hormone secreted in response to this stimulation had biological activity (as demonstrated by a radioreceptor assay and somatomedin induction). The effect appeared to be specific to the combination of the two amino acids; neither of the amino acids demonstrated appreciable stimulating activity when administered alone, even at the same doses. PMID- 6790231 TI - Pig gene mapping: PKM2-MPI-NP synteny. PMID- 6790232 TI - Effect of spiramycin on the nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Nine doses of oral spiramycin were administered to 59 adult healthy nasopharyngeal carriers of meningococci: a 2-gram loading dose followed by 1 g every 12 h for 4 days. There was a reduction in carriage of 85 and 59%, respectively, on the 2nd and 12th post-treatment day. There was no difference in vitro sensitivity to spiramycin and erythromycin of the meningococci isolated before and after treatment. Spiramycin may be advocated as an effective and safe alternative drug for the chemoprophylaxis of secondary meningococcal disease when sulphonamide resistance is suspected. PMID- 6790233 TI - Is penicillin alone effective in enterococcal endocarditis? An experimental study in rabbits. AB - Enterococcal endocarditis in man is traditionally treated with penicillin and an aminoglycoside. Whether penicillin alone is adequate has not been fully evaluated. Experimental enterococcal endocarditis (EEE) in male New Zealand rabbits, when untreated, was fatal in all animals within 2 weeks. When crystalline penicillin G was given at 30,000 U/day in three equally divided doses, the fatality rate was 63.3%; when the dosage was increased to 600,000 U/day, the mortality ws 37.5%, demonstrating the ineffectiveness of crystalline penicillin alone in EEE. Procaine penicillin at 300,000 U/day given as a single dose provided increased protection, but was still associated with unacceptably high mortality (17.5%). A higher dose level, 600,000 U/day, of procaine penicillin protected all animals with EEE. High and sustained levels of penicillin in the serum and the myocardium cured enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. PMID- 6790234 TI - Clinical reactogenicity and immunogenicity of five live measles vaccine strains. PMID- 6790235 TI - Observations on red cell membrane of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. PMID- 6790236 TI - Congenital aneurysm of thoracic aorta: radiologic-pathologic study of 9 cases. PMID- 6790237 TI - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of early esophageal carcinoma. PMID- 6790238 TI - A five year report on community control of hypertension, stroke and coronary heart disease in the Shijingshan People's Commune, Beijing. PMID- 6790239 TI - Study of increased griseofulvin bioavailability with p-hydroxy acetophenone. PMID- 6790240 TI - Nonsurgical traditional Chinese medicine in extradural hematomas. PMID- 6790242 TI - Afferent nerve fiber composition at point Zusanli in relation to acupuncture analgesia. A functional morphologic investigation. PMID- 6790241 TI - Severe respiratory tract erosive burns. PMID- 6790243 TI - Computed tomography in sellar region tumor diagnosis. PMID- 6790244 TI - Detection of deoxyribonuclease activities of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Alkaline deoxyribonuclease activity was detected in culture of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. This enzyme required MgCl2 to stimulate its activity and preferred double-stranded to single-stranded DNA as substrate. By using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or isoelectric electrofocusing, two distinctive deoxyribonuclease activities were demonstrated both in cultured broth and cell homogenate. PMID- 6790245 TI - Localization of nucleoli in Drosophila melanogaster polytene chromosomes. AB - The majority of D. melanogaster salivary gland nuclei contains many nucleoli which vary in size and number. All nucleoli hybridize in situ with a cloned Drosophila DNA fragment containing 26S ribosomal gene. Autoradiographic analysis of preparations after pulse H3-uridine or H3-thymidine labelling of the salivary gland indicates an intensive transcription and replication of DNA within nucleoli. The nucleoli are bound to different sites of polytene chromosomes by chromatin fibers similar to strands of ectopic pairing and they are most often bound to regions which may be defined as intercalary heterochromatin. PMID- 6790246 TI - Fine cytogenetical analysis of the band 10A1-2 and the adjoining regions in the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome. II. Genetical analysis. AB - The X chromosome region 9F12-10A7 (7 bands removed by Df(1)VL3) was saturated with lethal, semi-lethal, visible and male sterile mutations A total of 11 complementation groups were found. In the more narrow interval of Df()1)VL1 which removes 3 bands (10A1-2, 10A3, 10A4-5) 6 loci were localised. - The band 10A1-2 consists of a sereis of 5 different subunits: (i) silent DNA where no functions were found - at the distal edge of the band; (ii) and (iii) two genes: v and 1(1)BP4; (iv) silent DNA in middle of the band, (v) locus sev on the proximal edge of the band. About 70% of the band's DNA was found to be silent. - Using the set of chromosome rearrangements removing different parts of the band it was shown that these five sequences may function independently from each other. PMID- 6790247 TI - Fine cytogenetical analysis of the band 10A1-2 and the adjoining regions in the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome. I. Cytology of the region and mapping of chromosome rearrangement. AB - The region 9E1-2 - 10B1-2 of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome was analysed under the light (LM) and the electron (EM) microscope using different fixatives and an EM map of the region was constructed. EM analysis revealed 21 bands in the region 9E1-2 - 10B1-2 instead of 36 bands in Bridges' map. This discrepancy mainly results from the fact that 14 bands indicated as "doublets" by Bridges appear as a single bands. No doublets were found in the whole 9B1-2 - 10C1-2 region after fixation of salivary glands in 3% glutaraldehyde, 3% formaldehyde and 3 : 1 ethanol-acetic acid mixture. 45% acetic acid is the only fixative which results in strongly vacuolated appearance of the bands. - The break points of 30 chromosome rearrangements in the region 9E1-2 - 10B1-2 were located under EM or LM within the limits of the EM map of this region. PMID- 6790249 TI - The distribution of two highly repeated DNA sequences within Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes. AB - In situ hybridization using 3H-RNA probes has been used to localize the sequences found in two satellites of density 1.705 g/cc and 1.672 g/cc to specific sites within the chromosomal complement. A detailed analysis of the sites on the S chromosome was carried out using the acute series of inversions to relate the heterochromatic breakpoint relative to the location of the sequence on this chromosome. It has also been possible to establish the order of arrangement of 1.705 and 1.672 DNA at the heterochromatic-euchromatic junction on chromosome 3(R). A mitotic map is provided. The Tm of hybrids formed in situ showed that the hybrids were representative of the sequences being analyzed. The two satellites also were traced through a number of purification procedures to show that a covalent linkage may be likely between the 1.705 g/cc and 1.672 g/cc satellite as predicted from in situ hybridization analyses. PMID- 6790248 TI - Molecular cloning and preliminary characterization of a Drosophila melanogaster gene from a region adjacent to the centromeric beta-heterochromatin. AB - Using recombinant DNA technology we have isolated a 4.4 kb DNA fragment from Drosophila melanogaster which can be localized by in situ hybridization to the region 80C on the left arm of chromosome III. This DNA fragment codes for a 1.4 kb long poly(A)-containing RNA which comprises about 0.6% of the mass of cytoplasmic poly(A) RNA in Kc cells and Oregon R Embryos. This RNA codes for a 26,000 MW protein of still unknown function. PMID- 6790250 TI - The genetics of dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. The genetics and cytology of the 37B10-37D1 region. AB - Of 204 mutations located in the 8-12 band Df(2L)130 region, 37B9-C1,2;37D1-2, 199 have been assigned to twelve lethal genes and one visible gene (hook). The 13 genes are not evenly distributed. Twelve, (possibly all thirteen) are in the seven band region 37B10-C4 giving a gene-to-band ratio of almost two. Only one gene, 1(2)37Cf, may be in the four band region 37C5-7, and none are localized in band 37D1. In situ hybridization places the dopa decarboxylase structural gene, Ddc, in or very close to band 37C1,2 (Hirsh and Davidson, 1981). The chi methyl dopa hypersensitive gene, 1(2) and, is 0.002 map units distal to Ddc. Df(2L)VA17, 37C1,2; 37F5-38A1 may actually break in the 37C1,2 singlet. It places six genes, hook, 1(2) and, and four lethal genes, in a maximum of five bands, 37B10, 11, 12, 13 and perhaps part of the 37C1,2 singlet and localizes six genes, Ddc plus five lethal genes, in a maximum of three bands; probably part of the 37C1,2 singlet plus bands, C3, and C4. Wild type activity of five of twelve lethal genes is necessary for female fertility. --Band 37C5 puffs at the time of pupariation; Puff Stages 8-10. Twelve of eighteen alleles of 1(2)37Cf have been examined as heterozygotes over CyO and none affect the appearance of a homozygous 37C5 puff. -Of the 204 mutations considered here only one Ddcpl, affects the function of more than one gene. It eliminates Ddc+ and 1(2)37Ca+ function and at 30 degrees C reduces 1(2)37Ce+ function. It is not a deficiency but could be a polar mutant. PMID- 6790251 TI - EM autoradiographic evidence that DNA synthesis occurs at recombination nodules during meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - Serial section electron microscopic autoradiography was used to examine the relationship between recombination nodules and 3H-thymidine incorporation during pachytene in Drosophila melanogaster females. For both ellipsoidal and spherical recombination nodules, the number of nodules that are associated with an autoradiographic grain is higher than that expected by chance; this observation is consistent with the hypotheses that recombination involves DNA synthesis and that recombination nodules are the sites of meiotic recombination. Moreover, general DNA replication (S-phase) and synapsis (synaptonemal complex formation) were found to be temporally distinct events, contrary to previous reports; Drosophila females therefore are not exceptional in this regard. PMID- 6790252 TI - Relationship between sister chromatid exchanges and DNA replication in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In Drosophila melanogaster cell lines and larval neuroblast cells, two aspects of the phenomenon of sister chromatid exchanges were analyzed: (1) the frequency of SCEs in relation to the ploidy level (comparing diploid and tetraploid cells) and in relation to the cell type (comparing embryonic and larval cells) (2) the localization of the sites of exchange with reference to eu- and heterochromatin. A good correlation between SCE frequency and genome size in the same cell type (in distant species also), but a significant difference in the SCE rate between different cell types within the same species, were found. The results confirmed also the non-random distribution of SCEs in the different portions of the genome since a preferential localization in the euchromatin was clearly demonstrated. Moreover, a direct proportionality between SCE frequency and the length of the S phase was supposed, favouring the hypothesis of a relationship between the phenomenon of sister chromatid exchanges and DNA replication. PMID- 6790253 TI - Attachment of mycoplasmas to inert surfaces. PMID- 6790254 TI - Adhesion of mycoplasmas to eukaryotic cells. AB - Many pathogenic mycoplasmas are surface parasites, adhering to the epithelial linings of the respiratory and urogenital tracts. Since mycoplasmas lack cell walls their plasma membrane comes in close contact with that of their host, allowing exchange of components between the two membranes and possibly fusion. The tight association of the parasite with its host is illustrated in scanning electron micrographs of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and M. gallisepticum adhering to human red blood cells. Specialized structure at the tips of the mycoplasma cells appear to function as attachment organelles. Our main aim has been to chemically define the receptors on the host cell and the binding sites on the mycoplasma cells responsible for adhesion. Glycophorin (the major sialoglycoprotein of human red blood cells) serves as the main or sole receptor for M. gallisepticum whereas M. pneumoniae binds to additional receptors on human red blood cells. Trypsin treatment of M. pneumoniae cells abolishes their ability to attach to human red cells, suggesting the protein nature of the binding sites. M. pneumoniae membranes solubilized by detergents were subjected to affinity chromatography on glycophorin-Sepharose so that membrane components with high affinity for glycophorin could be isolated. The fraction isolated consisted of several proteins (relative molecular mass 25 000 and 45 000). The binding of this fraction to red cells was relatively low but appeared to be specific, as it was inhibited by glycophorin but not by its hydrophobic moiety. The possibility is discussed that the exposure of the binding sites on the mycoplasma cell surface is influenced by the electrochemical ion gradient across the membrane. PMID- 6790255 TI - [Madopar in the treatment of paralysis agitans: II. TRH activation test, EMG examination and HVA level in cerebrospinal fluid before and after treatment]. PMID- 6790256 TI - Use of 42 MeV betatron bremsstrahlung irradiation in the therapy combined with radium in carcinoma of the cervix. AB - The article deals with the therapy of cancer of the cervix with external 42 MeV betatron bremsstrahlung irradiation in combination with intracavitary applicated radium. The described irradiation technique using special shielding blocks extends the dose distribution till to the region of paraaortic nodes in an extended field. The extended irradiation field is used on the basis of lymphographic examination. In the region of pelvis minor, sufficiently uniform dose distribution is attained with lethal tumor effect. The dose variability with betatron or cobalt external irradiation was also studied. PMID- 6790257 TI - [Identification of a bacterial clone containing a fragment of the structural portion of an immunoglobulin light-chain gene]. PMID- 6790258 TI - [New purine nucleoside phosphorylase, specific for all purine nucleosides, from a mutant strain of Escherichia coli K-12]. PMID- 6790259 TI - [The HLA complex. An immunogenetic control center in man]. PMID- 6790260 TI - [Diagnostic problems of hyperthyroidism in the older age group (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-seven patients aged more than 60 years from the iodine deficiency area of southern Lower Saxony with hyperthyroidism, diagnosed by assessment of thyroid parameters, showed a nonspecific disease picture with surprising frequency when compared with younger patients. Predominant characteristics were weight loss (86%), general weakness (78%), tachycardia (74%), reduced appetite (66%), exertional dyspnoea (60%), apathy, lack of initiative or depression (48%), and uncharacteristic abdominal complaints (20%). A goitre was not palpable in 30 patients (39%). Laboratory diagnosis was hampered by relative or absolute TBG deficiency and conversion inhibition in the form of a low-T3 syndrome as evidence of non-thyroidal changes in generalised disorders. Neither thyroxine nor triiodothyronine were increased in ten patients (13%). Only by additional routine estimation of the thyroxine-binding index (T3 in vitro test) as indicator of free binding capacity could the diagnosis be ascertained in these cases. The poor prognosis be ascertained in these cases. The poor prognosis of hyperthyroidism in the older age group necessitates generous use of specific diagnostic laboratory investigations in cases with suspicious symptoms. PMID- 6790262 TI - [Inhibitory action of diphosphonate on the development of pancreatic concrements (experiment with EHDP (author's transl)]. AB - The application of the diphosphonate EHDP (ethane-I-hydroxy-I,I-diphosphonate) prior to the commencement of a calciphylactic experiment (SELYE) inhibits the interstitial calcification and fixation of apatite in the pancreas of female rats (dosage: 20 mgEHDP i. p. per 150 g body mass). Thus the inhibitory potency of EHDP on soft tissue calcification is confirmed. Previously, on the basis of experimental results, a therapeutic administration of this substance in the field of clinical pancreatology could not be derived because the most of human intraductal calculi is composed of calcium carbonate. PMID- 6790261 TI - Dysmenorrhoea and prostaglandins: pharmacological and therapeutic considerations. AB - Primary dysmenorrhoea is characterised by painful menstrual cramps which appear to have no macroscopically identifiable pelvic pathology. 50% of postpubescent females suffer from dysmenorrhoea, and 10% are incapacitated for 1 to 3 days each month. Many of these patients have an increased synthesis of prostaglandins in their endometrial tissue with increased prostaglandin release in the menstrual fluid. The increased amount of prostaglandins induces incoordinate hyperactivity of the uterine muscle resulting in uterine ischaemia and pain. Recent clinical and laboratory studies have shown that many of the non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, flufenamic acid, mefenamic acid and indomethacin are capable of relieving primary dysmenorrhoea. These drugs are inhibitors of the prostaglandin synthetase enzymes which are necessary for prostaglandin biosynthesis. Thus, with ibuprofen it has been shown that clinical relief of the dysmenorrhoeic symptoms accompanies the reduction of menstrual fluid prostaglandins. With the oral contraceptive pill there is good relief of primary dysmenorrhoea, significant decrease in menstrual fluid prostaglandins, but no reduction in menstrual fluid volume; this suggests that the reduction in prostaglandins is secondary to the inhibition of endometrial growth and development. In some forms of secondary dysmenorrhoea elevated prostaglandin levels have been implicated. However, the evidence is less conclusive for dysmenorrhoea secondary to endometriosis and uterine myomas than for dysmenorrhoea associated with intrauterine devices. With the intrauterine device, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors such as flufenamic acid, ibuprofen and naproxen are able not only to relieve dysmenorrhoea but also to reduce menstrual blood loss to normal levels. Thus, the use of appropriately selected prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors can offer effective relief from the miseries of some types of dysmenorrhoea with subsequent restoration of normal daily activities. PMID- 6790263 TI - [Roentgenologic and endoscopic findings after papillotomy]. AB - During 1977--1980 36 papillotomies were performed; indications for the latter were: papillary stenosis, incarcerated stones or stones which could not be removed which certainty and suspicion of a papillocarcinoma. The indications were evaluated as to whether endoscopic or surgical papillotomy should be performed. The results of the papilloplasties were considered satisfactory. In 40% of the cases a duodenobiliary reflux was observed, which however did not give troubles. PMID- 6790264 TI - A detailed in vitro characterization of the basal follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion rates during the rat four-day estrous cycle. PMID- 6790265 TI - Glutathione deficiency induced by cystine and/or methionine deprivation does not affect thyroid hormone deiodination in cultured rat hepatocytes and monkey hepatocarcinoma cells. AB - To elucidate the recently advanced hypothesis that glutathione [L-gamma-glutamyl L-cysteinyl glycine (GSH)] regulates deiodinating enzyme activities, accounting for the decreased conversion of T4 to T3 in the liver of fetal and starved animals, we investigated thyroid hormone metabolism in GSH-depleted neoplastic and normal hepatocytes. In monkey hepatocarcinoma cells, intracellular total GSH decreased below 10% of the control value (approximately 25 micrograms/mg protein) when cells were grown for 44 h in medium deficient in cystine and methionine or in cystine alone. The latter finding indicated that transsulfuration from methionine to cysteine was defective in these neoplastic cells. In primary cultured adult rat hepatocytes, on the other hand, the transsulfuration pathway was intact, and total GSH decreased below 10% of control (approximately 20 micrograms/mg protein) only in cells grown in cystine- and methionine-deficient medium. In both cell types, the oxidized GSH fraction remained constant (2-5% of total). Incubation with 125I-labeled T4 and T3, followed by chromatography, was used to evaluate 5-deiodination in hepatocarcinoma cells and both 5- and 5' deiodination in normal hepatocytes. Deiodination was not decreased by GSH deficiency in either case, but was actually increased in hepatocarcinoma cells. This resulted from an increase in the Vmax of 5-deiodinase related to growth arrest. Diamide at 2 mM reversibly inhibited both 5'- and 5'-deiodination in rat hepatocytes, accompanied by decreased total GSH as well as increased GSH disulfide (27% of total). The data suggest that GSH is so abundant in the liver that hepatocytes can tolerate a greater than 90% decrease in intracellular concentration without any change in thyroid hormone deiodination and indicate that altered thyroid hormone metabolism in the fetus and in starvation cannot be accounted for by a decreased hepatic GSH concentration. PMID- 6790266 TI - The presence of two species of follicle-stimulating hormone within hamster anterior pituitary glands as disclosed by concanavalin A chromatography. PMID- 6790267 TI - Further analysis of the positive feedback effects of estrogen on the release of gonadotropin in women. PMID- 6790268 TI - Measurement of rat serum FSH by radioreceptor assay and comparison with radioimmunoassay. AB - Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in rat serum is successfully measured by a radioreceptor assay system employing PMS-treated immature rat ovary. The non specific inhibitory effect of serum was partially overcome by the addition of merthiolate to every component, while the residual effect was compensated for by using FSH-free serum which was prepared by passing the pooled female diestrous rat sera through an immunoadsorbent column packed with anti-ovine FSH-coupled Sepharose 4B. The assay system consisted of 100 microliter of Tris-MgCl2-BSA or standard, 100 microliter of FSH-free serum or sample, 100 microliter of the receptor preparation and 100 microliter of 125I-FSH. The incubation was carried out for 4 hr at 37 degrees C and 500 microliter of cold Tris-MgCl2-BSA was used for the termination. Serum FSH could be measured within a range of 0.125-16 ng NIAMDD rat FSH I-3/tube. The mean within-assay coefficient of variation was 10.5%. The mean between-assay coefficient of variation was 11.0%. The assay values obtained by RRA showed a good correlation to those by RIA under the same physiological states of the animals. The ratio of the assay values, RRA/RIA, was found to change according to the sex and the physiological states, e.g. around 1.3 in normal males and 1.7 in orchiectomized animals and 2.21 in female rats. Serum FSH levels in female rats obtained by RRA and RIA changed almost in parallel until 20 : 00 (hr) of proestrous day, but after the first surge of serum FSH they were not parallel. These facts seem to indicate possible changes in the affinity of FSH with its receptor according to the state of animals and lead to the problem of the heterogeneity of FSH. PMID- 6790269 TI - Urinary excretion of LATS in a patient with Graves' disease complicated by nephrotic syndrome. AB - A case report of a female patient with Graves' disease complicated by nephrotic syndrome with high LATS activity in urinary gamma-globulin is presented. When in the hyperthyroid state with high LATS activity in the serum, she was treated with antithyroid drugs, excess iodine, and finally radioisotopes. Mild hypothyroidism occurred transiently without any significant change in serum LATS activity. Nephrotic syndrome suddenly appeared. Urinary IgG was purified by salting out with ammonium sulfate, DEAE and protein A-Sepharose, and LATS activity in the purified urinary IgG fraction was demonstrated. The specific activity of LATS activity in urinary IgG protein was slightly lower than that of the serum. This case is the first demonstration of LATS activity in urine from a patient with hyperthyroidism and nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6790270 TI - Time course of the negative feedback effect of testosterone on serum gonadotropins in prepubertal male rats. PMID- 6790271 TI - Possible mode of action of mitomycin C on rat ovarian steroidogenesis. PMID- 6790272 TI - Effects of some antiepileptic drugs in pentetrazol-induced convulsions in mice lesioned with kainic acid. AB - Mice were injected with intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) kainic acid (KA; 0.1 micrograms per animal) and the pentetrazol test was carried out on the fifth day after the administration of the amino acid. The following antiepileptic drugs were tested for anticonvulsant activity in mice lesioned with KA: diazepam (0.4 mg/kg), phenobarbital (12.5 and 25 mg/kg), trimethadione (200 and 400 mg/kg), depakine (200 and 400 mg/kg), carbamazepine (10 and 20 mg/kg), lefadol (bromophenylsuccinimide; 20 mg/kg), and acetazolamide (320 mg/kg). All drugs were given intraperitoneally, except for carbamazepine, which was also given orally in doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Pentetrazol was administered subcutaneously in a dose of 110 mg/kg, and the animals were subsequently observed for the occurrence of clonic and tonic convulsions within 30 min. The protective effects of diazepam and phenobarbital were significantly reduced in the KA-lesioned animals, while the actions of the remaining anticonvulsants were unaltered. Moreover, a substantial loss of pyramidal cells in the CA 3 field of the hippocampus was noted after i.c.v. injection of KA. It may therefore be concluded that the mechanism of the action of diazepam and phenobarbital are partially dependent on the intact functions of the hippocampal formation. PMID- 6790273 TI - Reduction of steady-state valproate levels by other antiepileptic drugs. AB - Steady-state plasma valproate (VPA) levels were analyzed in 37 children after 6 weeks of VPA therapy. Twenty-six patients were receiving other antiepileptic drugs in addition to VPA (experimental group). Eleven patients who received VPA alone served as controls. The mean VPA dose was not statistically different for the two groups (experimental group, 35.4 mg/kg/day, 11.6 SD; control group, 31.1 mg/kg/day, SD 6.6) The mean plasma VPA level was significantly lower for the experimental group (63.0 micrograms/ml, SD 21.8) than for the control (99.3 micrograms/ml), SD 23.3) (p less than 0.01). VPA level: dose ratio (LDR) was also reduced in the experimental group (1.92, SD 0.75) as compared to controls (3.26, SD 0.65) (p less than 0.01). Within the experimental group the VPA levels and VPA LDR were significantly reduced in patients receiving either phenytoin or phenobarbital. The data suggest that other antiepileptic drugs significantly alter the steady-state level to dose relationship for VPA. PMID- 6790274 TI - Phenytoin monotherapy for epilepsy: a long-term prospective study, assisted by serum level monitoring, in previously untreated patients. AB - Of 31 previously untreated patients with grand mal and/or partial seizures referred to a neurological clinic and treated with phenytoin monotherapy, assisted by serum level monitoring, 26 have been followed up for a mean of 42 months. Seizures were completely controlled in 80%. Failure of optimum phenytoin monotherapy occurred in 12%. The degree of seizure control was significantly related to phenytoin serum levels. The success of monotherapy was probably related to availability of serum level monitoring and to the study of a previously untreated population with a relatively short history of epilepsy. The main reasons for failure of monotherapy were poor compliance and the presence of additional neuropsychiatric handicaps, which commonly occur together. The place for polytherapy in the event of failure of monotherapy has still to be defined. PMID- 6790275 TI - Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. From the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. PMID- 6790276 TI - Sensitivity of Drosophila melanogaster to Low concentration of gaseous mutagens: III. Dose-rate effects. AB - Sex-linked recessive lethal mutations were induced in D melanogaster males by chronic as well as acute treatments of gaseous 1,2-dibromoethane ranging from 2.3 to 31 ppm.hr. Acute treatments corresponding to each chronic treatment were made by increasing chemical concentration approximately 30 times with a concomitant decrease in exposure period. Germ cell stages sampled, in order of decreasing sensitivity, were spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa. The most significant finding is that no consistent pattern of difference is observed between acute and chronic exposure for three of the four exposure levels. Only at the highest exposure level (30-31 ppm.hr) was any consistent difference observed between chronic and acute exposure levels. At the higher exposure level in all three germ cell stages the acute exposure showed a significant increase in mutation frequency over the chronic exposure. The greater acute vs chronic mutation frequency for spermatozoa, a metabolically inactive cell stage, leads to the conclusion that the exposure rate effect at high exposure levels is due to systemic factors such as metabolic deactivation or elimination rather than repair of premutational damage in the target cells. The significance of these observations in risk assessment for environmental pollutants is discussed. PMID- 6790277 TI - Cytotoxicity acquired by conjugation of an anti-Thy1.1 monoclonal antibody and the ribosome-inactivating protein, gelonin. AB - Gelonin, a plant protein which can powerfully reduce the protein-synthetic capacity of ribosome preparations, was covalently coupled to anti-Thy1.2 antibody. The conjugate was prepared using N-succinimidyl-3-(2 pyridyldithio)propionate which generates a disulphide linkage between the component molecules. Two conjugate fractions were obtained with Mr of 180 000 and greater than 200 000. After its linkage of the antibody, gelonin suppressed those Thy1.1-bearing T lymphocytes from AKR mice which will respond to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A in tissue culture. The [3H]leucine incorporation with the T-cell mitogens was inhibited by 50% with the 180 000-Mr fraction at a concentration of 0.4 nM and with the greater than 200 000-Mr fraction of pM. Unconjugated gelonin induced comparable reductions in T-cell responsiveness but at concentrations of 30 nM. The conjugates exerted little or no effect upon B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes from CBA mice (Thy1.2 + ve). Thy1.1 expressing AKR lymphoma cell lines, AKR-A and BW5147, were found to be sensitive to the conjugates, albeit much less so than the normal T lymphocytes. The conjugates injected in vivo significantly prolonged the life of CBA mice bearing in an AKR-A lymphoma allograft. It is concluded that gelonin can, by its linkage to an antibody, be rendered cytotoxic with a potency to match or exceed those of the toxins abrin and ricin. PMID- 6790278 TI - Characteristics of the calcium-mediated mechanism activating adenylate cyclase in Trypanosoma brucei. AB - 1. The adenylate cyclase of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei is regulated by Ca2+. 2. The Ca2+-stimulated activity is not inhibited by trifluperazine, tentatively suggesting that the stimulation may not be mediated by calmodulin. 3. The Ca2+-binding site of the receptor regulating the adenylate cyclase is buried within the hydrophobic region of the plasma membrane and is not exposed to either the inner or the outer aqueous-phase bounding the membrane in unstimulated cells. 4. The response of the adenylate cyclase to stimulation by Ca2+ within the membrane is a transient increase in activity followed by a period of 'down regulation'. 5. The 'down regulation' of the adenylate cyclase also occurs by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. PMID- 6790279 TI - Immunological evidence for a proteolytic cleavage at the active site of antithrombin in the mechanism of inhibition of coagulation serine proteases. AB - Previous studies have shown that a modified form of antithrombin, cleaved at a single Arg-Ser bond near the carboxy-terminal end of the chain, is formed during the reaction with thrombin concurrent with the formation of the inactive enzyme inhibitor complex. A variety of evidence suggests that this cleavage site is the active site of antithrombin. In this work, antisera against intact antithrombin, the modified form of antithrombin and the antithrombin-thrombin complex were used in immunodiffusion analyses to probe the state of the inhibitor in its complexes with coagulation serine proteases. The results show that new antigenic determinants not present in intact antithrombin are created in modified antithrombin by the single peptide-bond cleavage. the same antigenic determinants are found also in complexes between antithrombin and thrombin or factor Xa. No evidence for the exposure of other new determinants in the complexes was obtained. The most likely conclusion from these results is that antithrombin exists in its complexes with the serine proteases as the modified, two-chain form of the inhibitor. This suggests that the mechanism of inhibition involves proteolytic cleavage of the active site of antithrombin by the protease. PMID- 6790280 TI - The mechanism of uncoupling by picrate in Escherichia coli K-12 membrane systems. AB - The mechanism of action of the uncoupler picrate on intact cells and everted membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli K-12 was investigated. Like in mitochondria [Hanstein, W. G. and Hatefi, Y. (1974) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 71, 288-292], it was observed that picrate uncoupled energy-linked functions only in everted, but not in intact membrane systems. In the vesicles picrate also decreased the magnitude of the transmembrane proton-motive force at concentrations similar to those at which it caused uncoupling. Experiments with 14C-labelled picrate showed that this compound bound both to deenergized intact cells and everted vesicles. However, upon energization of the membrane, picrate was extruded from the intact cell and taken up to a larger extent by the vesicles. These energy-dependent changes in picrate uptake correlated with the magnitude of the transmembrane electrical potential, delta psi. It is therefore proposed that picrate is a permeant uncoupler, that delta psi is the driving force for picrate movement across biological membranes, and that the uncoupling activity of picrate in everted membrane systems is due to its protonophoric action. PMID- 6790281 TI - Amino acids and glucose utilization by different metabolic pathways in ascites tumour cells. AB - The utilization of amino acids and glucose by ascites tumour cells has been studied in order to elucidate which are their relative roles as energy substrates or building blocks for biosynthetic purposes, as well as the quantitative contribution of the different metabolic pathways involved. 1. Glucose is utilized at a rate of 1.1 mumol x min-1 x g cells-1. 93% is transformed into lactate, 0.7% used by the pentose phosphate pathway, 1.5% by the tricarboxylic acid cycle and 2% is for lipid synthesis. 2. ATP production is derived: 78% from glucose conversion into lactate, 1% from glucose oxidation and 19% from glutamine oxidation. 3. Glucose starvation, in the presence of all amino acids, leads to a 70% decrease in the rate of protein synthesis, due to the drop in ATP levels. 4. Pentose phosphate pathway flux increases by 75% when glycolysing cells are incubated in the presence of all amino acids. 5. Pyruvate is decarboxylated at a rate of 66 nmol x min-1 x g cells-1, 45-80% of it is incorporated into lipids instead of being oxidized, depending on the incubation conditions. 6. Non essential amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) are oxidized at a low rate. Glutamine is oxidized at a rate 20-times and 35-times that of glucose and glutamate respectively. Glutamine can not replace glucose as the main energy source. 7. Leucine utilization, 28 nmol x min-1 x g cells-1, is very high compared with normal cells, due to the high rate of lipid and protein synthesis. Its oxidation is similar to that of non-tumoural cells. 8. Sterols account for 80% of the lipids synthesized either from leucine or glucose. PMID- 6790282 TI - Studies on the mechanisms of action of proteolytic enzymes using heavy oxygen exchange. AB - Transpeptidation reactions catalyzed by chymotrypsin, pepsin, leucine aminopeptidase and thermolysin have been studied in heavy oxygen water (H2 18O). The 18O incorporation into the peptide bond of transpeptidation products and into the non-hydrolyzed substrate has been measured. The rates of 18O exchange in the carboxylic groups of N-acetylphenylalanine and leucine, catalyzed by pepsin and leucine aminopeptidase, respectively, have also been determined. These rates have been compared with that of the exchange in the presence of amino compounds which reversibly form amide bonds with the above carboxyl-containing substances. The data obtained show that, in contrast to chymotrypsin, other enzymes studied do not form 'acyl-enzymes' but function by the mechanism of general-base catalysis. In other words, their catalytically active groups promote the abstraction of a proton from the water molecule, which attacks the susceptible bond of the substrate. The structure of intermediate compounds in this type of catalysis and the mechanism of the transpeptidation reaction are discussed. PMID- 6790283 TI - The deoxyglucose method for insects: towards electron microscopical resolution. AB - The problems of extending the deoxyglucose method for insects to electron microscopical resolution are discussed. It is calculated that several curies of 3H-deoxyglucose per kilogram body weight may be needed for identification of activity in ultra-thin sections. Oral application may be superior to injection. Incorporation of experimental and control stimulus in the same animal seems appropriate. Freeze-drying of Drosophila results in structural preservation sufficient for cell identification in the cervical connective. Autoradiography of ultra-thin sections has not yet been carried out. PMID- 6790284 TI - Continuous estimation of cerebral metabolic changes. AB - The purpose of the present research has been to estimate rapid metabolic changes. By means of mass spectrometry, the partial pressure of physiological gases are continuously analyzed in a local area of the brain tissue. The method we have developed allows quantitative measurement of the variables with a response time of less than 1 min. When coupled with continuous measurement of(1) PaO2 and PaCO2 by means of mass spectrometry, and (2) cerebral blood flow by thermoclearance, this method is able to indicate rapid metabolic changes when quantitative methods of determining metabolism are not usable. PMID- 6790285 TI - Measurements of regional cerebral blood flow and metabolism in psychopathological states. AB - In different psychopathological states like focal epilepsy, organic dementia, and chronic schizophrenia, rCBF studies have previously demonstrated specific changes of the normal cerebral perfusion landscape. It has been assumed that these abnormalities - the hyperemia in epileptic foci, the regional reduction pattern in dementia as well as the abnormal flow distribution in chronic schizophrenia - represent metabolic alterations. Recent studies with positron emission tomography give solid support to this hypothesis. The glucose uptake in epileptic foci is increased and the uptake in the frontal cortex is reduced in chronic schizophrenia. The metabolic studies show that regional cerebral activity in various psychopathological states is now accessible to a detailed study. PMID- 6790286 TI - Preoperative chemotherapy for operable solid tumours. PMID- 6790287 TI - Safe and effective two-hour outpatient regimen of hydration and diuresis for the administration of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). PMID- 6790288 TI - A question in evaluation of mixed beam (neutron/photon) therapy. PMID- 6790289 TI - Control of idiotope expression by monoclonal anti-idiotope and idiotope-bearing antibody. AB - Preinjection of C57BL/6 mice with nano-to microgram amounts of a monoclonal IgG1 antibody directed against a binding site-related idiotope of the anti-NP [(4 hydroxy-3-nitro-phenyl)acetyl] antibody B1-8 results in enhancement or suppression of the corresponding and of another B1-8 idiotope in a subsequent anti-NP response, depending on the dose of the injected anti-idiotope antibody. The enhancing and suppressive effects appear two weeks after anti-idiotope administration and are maximal after 6-8 weeks. They are predominantly expressed at the level of IgG, not IgM, antibodies. Enhancement of idiotype expression, i.e. idiotypic memory, can also be induced by the injection of idiotypic antibody of the IgM class, namely antibody B1-8. This effect might represent one of the general mechanisms by which immunological memory is established. PMID- 6790290 TI - Membrane immunoglobulins of spontaneous B lymphomas of aged BALB/c mice. AB - Four cell lines derived from spontaneous BALB/c lymphoma tumors were analyzed with regard to the type of their membrane immunoglobulins (Ig). Using lactoperoxidase iodination of membrane proteins combined with immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, three of these cell lines (X16c, L10A and K46) were found to express the monomeric form of IgM and IgD as well as half molecules. One cell line (M12) lacked both IgM and IgD. The apparent mol. wt of the lymphoma micro chain was about 80 000 and exceeded the mol. wt. of 75 000 determined for micro chains secreted by myeloma cells. The mol. wt. of the delta heavy chain was found to be 66 000. Immunofluorescence showed that the L10A and X16c lines expressed lambda light chains on their cell surface. Another Ig bearing cell line (K46) expressed both lambda and kappa chains. Thus, three out of the four B lymphomas examined expressed both IgM and IgD with light chains of the Lambda type. These results, together with our previous findings which demonstrate the presence of Ia and Fc receptors on the same cells, indicate that spontaneous B lymphomas in BALB/c mice are the malignant counterpart of mature B lymphocytes. PMID- 6790291 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to the L-Glu60-L-Ala30-L-Tyr10 (GAT) terpolymer. V. Three types of idiotypic specificities on BALB/c anti-GAT antibodies. AB - Three types of idiotypic specificities compose the major idiotype of anti-poly (L Glu60-L-Ala30-L-Tyr10) (GAT) antibodies from BALB/c mice (idiotype termed GAT 715). Assays have been designed to analyzed and study the distribution of these specificities. The highly conserved idiotypic specificity (h.c.GAT) has been assayed by the binding of serum 715-7A4 to radiolabeled rat anti-GAT antibodies. Guinea pig and mouse anti-GAT antisera all express the same h.c.GAT specificity. The public specificity (p.GAT) has been shown to be present in an identical form in all anti-GAT antisera from all strains of mice studied. The assay used for p.GAT was the binding of serum 715-7A4 to C57BL/6 anti-GAT antibodies that express only p.GAT. Finally, the strain-restricted specificity s.r.GAT has also been investigated by radioimmunoassay; this specificity is expressed only by strains BALB/c, BALB/b, BUB/J, DBA/2, DBA/1 and ATL. This expression is independent of known allotypic markers. However, the expression of the s.r.GAT specificity of BALB/c mice follows the genetic distribution of VH genes of BALB/c origin indicating that s.r.GAT can be considered as a genetic marker of some VH gene(s) involved in the specific immune response to the GAT terpolymer. PMID- 6790292 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to staphylococcal nuclease. XI. Effects of in vivo administration of anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - The effects of prior treatment with heterologous anti-idiotypic antibodies on the response to staphylococcal nuclease (Nase) have been examined. Previous studies have shown that 100% of A/J mice treated with Nase in completes Freund's adjuvant produce anti-Nase antibodies possessing a characteristic idiotype (Id). Mice treated with anti-Id antibodies followed by Nase produced levels of Id equal to or greater than those of control animals treated with Nase alone. The appearance of Id in treated mice preceded the appearance of anti-Nase activity, and animals treated with anti-Id alone produced high levels of Id without detectable anti Nase activity. Id expression in such animals could be detected using anti-Id reagents produced in several different species suggesting that it represented true idiotope expression rather than unrelated molecules reactive only with the anti-Id reagent used for initial treatment. Isolation of the nonantigen-binding Id-bearing molecules (Id') showed them to be immunoglobulins bearing the same idiotopes as do anti-Nase antibodies. However, quantitative comparisons of Id levels vs. amount of Id or Id'-bearing immunoglobulin suggested that the nonantigen-binding immunoglobulins bore fewer idiotopes per molecule than did anti-Nase antibodies. Evidence was also obtained for the production of some nonantigen-binding Id-bearing molecules during the normal immune response Nase. These findings are therefore consistent with the existence of a network of Id anti-Id interactions in the immune response to Nase. PMID- 6790293 TI - Thirteen hybridomas secreting hapten-specific immunoglobulin E from mice with Iga or Igb heavy chain haplotype. PMID- 6790294 TI - Characterization of the respiratory activity of (D-Ala2)methionine enkephalinamide. AB - The effects of central administration of (D-Ala2)methionine-enkephalinamide (EA) on respiration were studied in the unanesthetized rat. EA induced a dose dependent depression of respiratory rate and tidal volume which was reversed by the subcutaneous administration of naloxone HCl (10 mg/kg). Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration stimulated EA-induced respiratory depression and the peptide produced a parallel shift to the right of both the respiratory rate - PaCO2 and tidal volume -- PaCO2 curves. Following chronic administration of EA tolerance to the respiratory depression was observed and chronic exposure to morphine produced partial tolerance to the respiratory depression induced by EA. It was concluded that EA desensitizes the central chemoreceptors to CO2 and the action of EA on respiration parallels that of morphine. PMID- 6790295 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and amphetamine produce different patterns of behavioral excitation in rats. AB - We compared the arousal and hyperactivity produced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pri-NH2; 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg/kg) and 0.3 and 2 mg/kg d-amphetamine (low and moderate amph., respectively) by measuring the occurrence of discrete behavioral items with a behavioral sampling and scoring method. To minimize extraneous variables affecting activity, rats were caged singly inside isolated observation chambers and tested in the daytime after a 2.5 h period of habituation. Under these conditions, vehicle (0.9% NaCl)-treated rats were inactive and either rested or slept through 80% of all time samples taken in the hour after injection. Both TRH and amph. produced significant arousal from sleeping, but TRH, at all doses tested, produced less arousal than moderate amph. and a pattern of behavioral responses which differed from both low and moderate amph. Moderate amph. produced marked increase in forward locomotion and rearing, but low amph. and TRH did not. Both TRH and low amph. increased grooming (perhaps simply by increasing wakefulness), but TRH failed to increase sniffing, a cardinal feature of ampha. induced excitement. Unlike amph., TRH produced wet-dog shakes, piloerection, tail elevation and teeth chattering. Both mod. amph. and TRH significantly produced increased activity when compared to controls as assessed with photocell counts, though the amph. effect was more robust. The lack of arousal after i.p. injections of thyroid-stimulating hormone (10 I.U./kg) or melanocyte-stimulating hormone release-inhibiting factor (Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2; 60 mg/kg) is evidence that TRH-induced arousal is neither mediated by activation of the pituitary-thyroid axis nor by a non-specific effect of tripeptides generally. PMID- 6790297 TI - The effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on pentobarbital tolerance. AB - The effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on the responses produced by acute and chronic administration of pentobarbital (PB) were investigated in male Swiss Webster mice. Intraperitoneal injection of TRH antagonized the hypothermic and hypnotic effect of PB (75 mg/kg, i.p.). Pentobarbital hypnosis was also antagonized by TRH in mice rendered tolerant to PB by implantation of a pellet (each containing 75 mg of free acid form of the drug) for two days. Injections of TRH (5 mg/kg) once a day or twice a day for two days did not modify the development of tolerance to the hypothermic and hypnotic effect of PB. It is concluded that TRH can modify only the acute responses of PB in naive and PB tolerant mice, however, in the dosage regimen used it does not affect the processes involved in the genesis of the tolerant state. PMID- 6790296 TI - Attenuation by acetaminophen or arachidonic acid-induced coronary vasodilation and output of prostaglandins in the isolated rat heart. AB - We studied the effect of acetaminophen on the vascular actions of arachidonic acid and on the output of prostaglandins in the isolated rat heart. Arachidonic acid (33 nmol), administered as a bolus into the heart through the aortic cannula produced vasoconstriction followed by a long lasting vasodilation. Arachidonic acid also markedly increased the output of PGE2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from the heart. In the presence of acetaminophen (0.1-1.0 mM) both the output of prostaglandins and the duration of the coronary vasodilation were attenuated. We suggest that the major component of arachidonic acid-induced coronary vasodilation is mediated through prostaglandin synthesis and is blocked by acetaminophen. PMID- 6790298 TI - [Effect of certain GABA-ergic substances on dopamine metabolism in the rat brain]. AB - Effect of the GABA-ergic drugs, sodium hydroxybutyrate, n-dipropylacetate (n-DPA) and piracetam, has been studied on the level of homovanillic acid (HVA) and activity of GABA-transaminase in the striate body of the rat brain. It has been established that piracetam in doses of 500 and 400 mg/kg, n-DPA in a dose of 200 mg/kg and sodium hydroxybutyrate in a dose of 500 mg/kg do not affect the HVA level or activity of GABA-transaminase. The data obtained are likely to support a suggestion about a possible relationship between the GABA-ergic and dopaminergic mediator system. PMID- 6790299 TI - [Effect of cholinomimetics on the rate of hypothermia development]. AB - The rate of hypothermia development was studied in different stages--mild, medium and deep--corresponding with rectal temperatures of 33, 26 and 19 degrees C. This rate significantly decreases in mild hypothermia induced by nicotine (4 mg/kg), in medium hypothermia induced by nicotine and pilocarpine (25 mg/kg), and methacin (20 mg/kg) combined with arecoline (20 mg/kg), in deep hypothermia induced by methacin coupled with arecoline, and significantly rises in deep hypothermia induced by methacin (20 mg/kg) combined with proserin (0.45 mg/kg). PMID- 6790300 TI - [Effect of tribenol on the activity of certain redox enzymes in inflamed venous walls]. AB - A study was made on the mechanism of action of the antivaricose agent tribenol (ethyl-3,5,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-glucofuranozide; glivenol) on the activity of hydroxyreductase on the Krebs cycle and glycolysis during occlusion of the femoral vein and its inflammation in rats. It was shown histochemically that on the 5th day of traumatic phlebitis after ligation of the vein, its wall shows a substantial rise in the activity of succinate- and malate dehydrogenase (SDH and MDH), a slight increase in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and a pronounced lowering of the activity of alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH). The treatment with tribenol in a dose of 25 mg/kg for 5 days makes the activity of SDH and alpha-GPDH return to normal, drastically increases the activity of LDH and produces no significant effect on MDH. In a dose of 250 mg/kg tribenol makes the activity of all hydroxyreductases studied return to normal or reduces it. PMID- 6790302 TI - Photochemical action spectra of bacterial a- and o-type oxidases using a dye laser. PMID- 6790301 TI - [Effect of the new cholinolytic chlorozyl on reproductive physiology in the rat]. PMID- 6790303 TI - Lysine 216 is a binding site of the retinyl moiety in bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6790304 TI - Anti-D-coated Rh-positive red cells will bind the first component of the complement pathway, C1q. PMID- 6790305 TI - Demonstration and partial characterization of endo-N-acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase in human tissues. PMID- 6790306 TI - Rapid regression of a suprasellar extending prolactinoma after bromocriptine treatment during pregnancy. AB - A patient is described with hyperprolactinemia, post-pill amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and a normal pituitary fossa. Pregnancy occurred after induction of ovulation with bromocriptine. During pregnancy rapidly increasing visual field defects due to suprasellar extension of a pituitary tumor were observed. Operation was advised but refused. The patient was treated with bromocriptine in a dose of 15 mg daily, which resulted in normalization of the bitemporal hemianopia within 2 weeks. PMID- 6790307 TI - Monitoring of ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin by ultrasound. AB - Ovarian follicular growth was monitored by ultrasound and plasma estradiol levels in 43 cycles of 27 patients. These women were treated with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for anovulation or poor cervical mucus. Ultrasonography can help to prevent multiple pregnancies by allowing the withholding of the ovulatory injection of hCG if the number of mature follicles is too great. Nevertheless, mild to moderate hyperstimulation cannot always be prevented; it is sometimes the price one has to pay to obtain a pregnancy. Giving a direct view of follicular maturation, this method can be helpful in the determination of the best time for the induction of ovulation. PMID- 6790308 TI - Peripheral concentrations of gonadotropins and progestins during pregnancy in rabbits after active immunization against testosterone. AB - The effects of active immunization of female rabbits against testosterone on various endocrine parameters during pregnancy were examined. Peripheral blood samples were obtained from immunized rabbits at timed intervals after mating up to the 29th day of pregnancy, when the rabbits were killed and various tissues were analyzed. Progesterone concentrations were higher in testosterone-immunized rabbits (TIR) than in controls during pregnancy. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone concentrations were not significantly different in controls and TIR during pregnancy. Both progestins and gonadotropins showed the expected coitus-induced increases, but LH levels were higher in TIR. The binding of testosterone in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid was higher in TIR than in controls. Weights of fetuses and litter size were not significantly different in TIR and controls. These data suggest that testosterone may play a role during pregnancy in the rabbit. PMID- 6790309 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of translocations induced by the chemical mutagen thio TEPA in spermatids of male mice. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of meiotic cells at diakinesis/metaphase I was carried out in 36 reciprocal translocation heterozygotes. Translocations were induced in late spermatids of C57BL/6 male mice with 1:25 mg/kg body weight of thioTEPA. The prevalent types of multivalent configuration were Ring IV in 15F1 males, chain IV in 20 males, and one male showed the same proportion of cells with chains and rings. The conclusion can be made that an intensive mutation process with may induce as much as 30% heterozygous translocation males in characterized by a random distribution of breaks along the chromosome. PMID- 6790310 TI - [Estimation of colony types of Neisseria-gonorrhoe-isolates especially in view of the asymptomatic gonorrhoea (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790311 TI - Metabolic aspects of retinal adhesion. PMID- 6790312 TI - Phospholipase A activity of culture supernatants from Streptococcus mutans strain 6715. PMID- 6790313 TI - Primary amenorrhoea associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome. AB - Four patients with primary amenorrhoea associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome were investigated clinically, radiologically, endocrinologically and histologically. The values of FSH and LH were determined in basal conditions, as well as after 100 micrograms of LHRH. The levels of TSH and prolactin were studied before and after TRH stimulation in doses of 200 micrograms. An increase in the basal levels of FSH was established with different responses of the hormone to the LHRH test in the four patients. The values of LH were in the upper normal limits, and the responses of the hormone to the LHRH test were similar to those defined for FSH. The basal levels and the response of TSH and prolactin to TRH were within the norm, with the exception of the first patients, in whom the response of prolactin to TRH stimulation was significantly diminished. The authors discuss the pathogenesis of the disease in connection with the data obtained. PMID- 6790314 TI - Inhibition of rat Sertoli cell aromatase by factor(s) secreted specifically at spermatogenic stages VII and VIII. PMID- 6790315 TI - The role of gonadotropins and testosterone in progesterone production by human ovarian granulosa cells. AB - Granulosa and theca cells obtained from patients were isolated and cultivated in a chemically defined medium containing gonadotropins and/or testosterone. Progesterone secretion by granulosa cells was consistently stimulated (2-40-fold) in all 5 patients by the addition of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH, 0.25 micrograms/ml). In the presence of testosterone (0.5 micro M) alone, progesterone production was stimulated (2-8-fold) in 4 out of the 5 patients and cells of one patient showed a greater response to testosterone than to FSH alone. In 2 of the 5 patients, it was also noted that FSH and testosterone acted in a synergistic manner to stimulate the production of progesterone by granulosa cells. On the other hand, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, 1.0 IU/ml) alone failed to exert any significant effect. None of the treatments examined altered the production of progesterone by theca cells. These results suggest a role for FSH and testosterone in regulating progesterone biosynthesis by granulosa cells of the human ovary during follicular development. PMID- 6790316 TI - Control of casein gene expression in isolated cultured rabbit epithelial mammary cells. PMID- 6790317 TI - Regional differences in the developing foreleg of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790318 TI - In vivo and in vitro differentiation of neurons and astrocytes in the rat embryo. Immunofluorescence study with neurofilament and glial filament antisera. PMID- 6790319 TI - Initiation of the activation potential by an increase in intracellular calcium in eggs of the frog, Rana pipiens. PMID- 6790320 TI - Achromosomal cleavage of fertilized starfish eggs in the presence of aphidicolin. PMID- 6790321 TI - Expression of phenotypes in a temperature-sensitive allele of the apterous mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790322 TI - A mosaic analysis of the apterous mutation in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790323 TI - Maturation and fertilization of the sea urchin oocyte: an electrophysiological study. PMID- 6790324 TI - Cell lineage relationships in Drosophila melanogaster: The relationships of cuticular to internal tissues. PMID- 6790325 TI - Selected aspects of the pathophysiology of metabolic acidosis in diabetes mellitus. AB - Metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap results from either bicarbonate loss or a urine acidification defect. The bicarbonate loss may be via the gastrointestinal tract or the urine, or may be indirect due to excretion of the sodium and potassium as opposed to the ammonium salts of ketone body anions. Defects in urine acidification in the diabetic have several etiologies: first, hydrogen ion secretion may be decreased because of an intrinsic defect in the hydrogen ion pump (i.e., diseases of the renal medulla); second, there may be a failure to augment hydrogen ion secretion by a favorable electrical gradient (e.g., reduced mineralocorticoids); and third, there may be a failure to generate a favorable chemical gradient to augment hydrogen ion secretion (e.g., reduced urine ammonia). Reduced levels of aldosterone associated with hyporeninemia has been termed type IV RTA, and these patients have specific therapeutic needs. PMID- 6790326 TI - Evidence for functional endothelial cell damage in early diabetic retinopathy. AB - Two aspects of endothelial cell function were examined in two matched groups of male insulin-dependent diabetics, six with background retinopathy and seven without retinopathy. Leakage of fluorescein from the retinal capillaries was estimated by vitreous fluorophotometry. In addition, factors VIII/von Willebrand (vWF) and VIII-related antigen (VIII-RAG), which are synthesized by the endothelial cells, were measured, together with VIII-antihaemophilic factor (VIII AHF). The patients without retinopathy had normal leakage of fluorescein in the macula (mean +/- SEM: 1.10 +/- 0.10 g X 10(-8)/ml) and the posterior vitreous (0.45 +/- 0.11 g X 10(-8)/ml), and normal circulating levels of vWF (123% of a normal reference plasma +/- 18%), VIII-RAG (137 +/- 14%) and VIII-AHF (112 +/- 18%). In contrast, the patients with background retinopathy showed higher leakage of fluorescein in the macula (6.34 +/- 1.74 g X 10(-8)/ml; p less than 0.01), and the posterior vitreous (3.09 +/- 0.94 g X 10(-8)/ml; p less than 0.02), as well as increased levels of vWF (177 +/- 16%; p less than 0.05). There was a trend towards increased VIII-RAG (195 +/- 24%; p less than 0.1), but not VIII-AHF (126 +/- 13%). Alterations of endothelial cell function thus accompany the development of retinopathy. It cannot be said from the present study whether these alterations also precede the appearance of retinopathy. PMID- 6790327 TI - Effects of an enkephalin analogue (DAMME) on insulin release from cultured rat islets of Langerhans. AB - Rat islets of Langerhans were maintained for 2 days in tissue culture. Following the culture period, the insulin secretory responses of the islets on incubation in bicarbonate medium were measured. The enkephalin analogue D-ala2, MePhe4, Met(0)-ol (DAMME), 8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l, augmented insulin release stimulated by glucose (5 or 7 mmol/l) by 76% and 47% respectively; increased insulin release stimulated by alpha-ketoisocaproate (7.5 mmol/l) by 23%; and enhanced insulin release in the presence of glibenclamide (10 microgram/ml) plus glucose (3.3 mmol/l) by 38%. Insulin release in the presence of glucose at 2 or 12 mmol/l was not affected by DAMME (8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l). The potentiatory effect of DAMME on insulin release in the presence of glucose (5 mmol/l) was blocked by naloxone (11 mumol/l): naloxone alone did not affect glucose-stimulated insulin release. A high concentration (3.3 X 10(-6) mol/l) of DAMME did not modify glucose stimulated insulin release. Inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release by trifluoperazine, an inhibitor of calmodulin, was not overcome by DAMME. Insulin secretory responses were not enhanced by exposure of the islets to DAMME (8.3 X 10(-8) mol/l) during the culture period. It is concluded that insulin release from isolated islets is capable of being influenced by an opioid peptide. PMID- 6790329 TI - [Causes of the antibacterial action of amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of E. coli, Group B Streptococci, Strept. faecalis, Stap. epidermidis and Staph. aureus in human amniotic fluid was studied. In comparison to Standard I broth an inhibited growth of test organisms was observed. The bacteriostatic effect of amniotic fluid was most significant with Staph. epidermidis. We further investigated the causes for this bacterial growth inhibition with Staph. epidermidis. We showed that it is independent from the initial number of bacteria as well as from zinc and phosphate content, the phosphate-to-zinc ratio and from the protein content in amniotic fluid samples. It could neither be influenced by heating nor by autoclaving, but was immediately lost by adding Standard I both to amniotic fluid samples. In the concentrations we investigated the bacteriostatic effect was independent from the influence of steroid hormones. PMID- 6790328 TI - Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis. AB - Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIP) is a rare condition of unknown etiology. It is characterized by multiple, small, flaskshaped outpouchings in the esophageal wall. Involvement may be segmental or diffuse. Since this entity was first reported in 1960, there have been 43 cases described in the English literature. These cases are reviewed and six additional cases are reported with emphasis on clinical and radiographic parameters of this entity. PMID- 6790331 TI - Meiotic behavior of compound autosomes in females of Drosophila melanogaster: interchromosomal effects and the source of spontaneous nonsegregation. AB - In females of Drosophila melanogaster, compound autosomes enter the repulsion phase of meiosis uncommitted to a particular segregation pattern because their centromeres are not restricted to a bivalent pairing complex as a consequence of crossing over. Their distribution at anaphase, therefore, is determined by some meiotic property other than exchange pairing, a property that for many years has been associated with the concept of nonhomologous pairing. In the absence of heterologous rearrangements or a free Y chromosome, C(3L) and C(3R) are usually recovered in separate gametes, that is as products of meiotic segregation. Nevertheless, there is a regular, albeit infrequent, recovery of reciprocal meiotic products (the nonsegregational products) that are disomic and nullosomic for compound thirds. The frequency of these exceptions, which is normally between 0.5 and 5.0%, differs for the various strains examined, but remains constant for any given strain. Since previous studies have not uncovered a cause for this base level of nonsegregation, it has been referred to as the spontaneous frequency. In this study, crosses between males and females whose X chromosomes, as well as compound autosomes, are differentially marked reveal a highly significant positive correlation between the frequency of compound-autosome nonsegregation and the frequency of X-chromosome nondisjunction. However, an inverse correlation is found when the frequency of nondisjunction is related to the frequency of crossing over in the proximal region of the X-chromosome. These findings have been examined with reference to the distributive pairing and the chromocentral models and interpreted as demonstrating (1) that nonsegregational meiotic events arise primarily as a result of nonhomologous interactions, (2) that forces responsible for the segregation of nonhomologous chromosomes are properties of the chromocentral region, and (3) that these forces come into expression after the exchange processes are complete. PMID- 6790330 TI - Precise mapping of the homothallism genes HML and HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The HML and HMR loci carry unexpressed copies of MATa and MAT alpha information, and a replica of that information is transposed to MAT during mating-type interchange in Saccharomyces yeasts. A negative control mechanism keeps silent the information located at the HML and HMR loci. We mapped these loci by constructing strains in which these loci are expressed. In these strains, the mating type of the segregants is dependent upon the allele at HML and HMR. This novel approach is independent of their switching function. HML is located on the left arm of chromosome III distal to his4 by about 26.8 centimorgans (cM). HMR maps on the right arm of the same chromosome distal to thr4 by about 39.8 cM and proximal to MAL2 by about 1.0 cM. The results allow the exact placement of these loci and are in accord with the observations made by Harashima and Oshima (1976). PMID- 6790332 TI - High mutability in male hybrids of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The frequencies of sex-linked lethal mutations arising in hybrid male offspring from crosses and in nonhybrid controls were determined. The hybrids were produced by crossing representative strains of the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis in all possible combinations. Males from the cross of P males x M females had a mutation rate about 15 times higher than that of nonhybrid males from the P strain. Genetically identical males from the reciprocal cross had a mutation rate 3 to 4 times that of the nonhybrids. For crosses involving a Q strain, a significant increase in the mutation rate was detected in males produced by matings of Q males with M females. No increase was observed in genetically identical males from the reciprocal mating. Crosses between P and Q strains gave male hybrids with mutation rates not different from those of nonhybrids. Many of the lethals that occurred in hybrids from the cross of P males x M females appeared to be unstable; fewer lethals that arose in hybrids from the cross of Q males x M females were unstable. The relationship between P and Q strains is discussed with respect to a model of mutation induction in dysgenic hybrids. PMID- 6790333 TI - Linkage disequilibrium in isolated populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In order to test the interaction effect of overdominance and random genetic drift on the formation of linkage disequilibria under the condition of multiplicative gene action, linkage disequilibria between isozyme genes, inter se, and between polymorphic inversions and isozyme genes were tested for the second chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster sampled from two isolated Pacific islands and one locality of the northern district of the mainlands of Japan. The effective sizes of these populations were known to be approximately 3,000 to 6,000 on the basis of the allelism rate of lethal chromosomes and their frequencies. The following results were obtained: (1) No linkage disequilibrium considered to be induced by epistasis, including the interaction between overdominance and random genetic drift, was detected. (2) Nonrandom association between polymorphic inversions and isozyme genes that are included in the inversions or located in the adjacent region outside the inversions was detected. (3) On the basis of the comparison of chi (2) values, indicating the magnitudes of linkage disequilibrium, between the present isolated populations and the Raleigh, N.C., population (Mukai et al. 1974, 1977), the characteristics of the isolated populations and the nature of these linkage disequilibria are discussed. PMID- 6790334 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of spermiogenesis in segregation distorter males of Drosophila melanogaster: the homozygotes. AB - We have studied spermiogenesis at the ultrastructural level in males of genotype SD(NH)-2/SD-72, which are nearly sterile owing to the dysfunction of virtually all of their sperm. Ultrastructural aspects of spermiogenesis in these homozygous SD males are qualitatively similar to those found among dysfunctional sperm produced by heterozygous SD males. In particular, chromatin condensation and/or compaction has been found to be abnormal. However, major quantitative differences have been noted. Most of the dysfunctional sperm in SD(NH)-2/SD-72 males are individualized and coiled. Then, the sperm evidently undergo degeneration, as few mature sperm can be found in the seminal vesicle. The relevance of these findings to the mechanism leading to near sterility in homozygous SD males is discussed. PMID- 6790335 TI - Genetic dissection of segregation distortion. III. Unequal recovery of reciprocal recombinants. AB - The genetic structure of a segregation distorter chromosome (a derivative of SD 36) has been analyzed in a system in which recombination in the second chromosome is blocked by inversions except for the critical region around the centromeric heterochromatin. The results confirm the map order and characteristics of four loci known to be involved in segregation distortion, namely Sd, E(SD), Rspins, M(SD). However, SD-36 carries a fifth major locus involved in distortion. This locus is near pr in 2L and has the effect of enhancing the degree of distortion. In addition, reciprocal recombinant products from SD-36 are recovered unequally. All recombinants carrying the pr region from SD-36 seem also to carry Sd, although Sd has previously been mapped 1.6 units to the left of pr. Both the enhancement of distortion and the unequal recovery of reciprocal products can be explained if it is assumed that the new locus near pr in SD-36 is actually a duplication of Sd. PMID- 6790336 TI - On the evolution of new metabolic functions in diploid organisms. AB - Evolution of lactose utilization via the ebg system of Escherichia coli requires both structural gene (ebgA) and regulatory gene (ebgR) mutations. Because evolution of new metabolic functions in diploids might be subject to constraints not present in haploid organisms, merodiploid strains carrying a wild-type and an evolved ebgA allele, or a wild-type and an evolved ebgR allele were constructed. I show that heterozygosity at ebgA does not significantly affect the selective advantage of the evolved ebgA allele; whereas heterozygosity at ebgR eliminates the selective advantage of the evolved ebgR allele. Is is suggested that, in diploid organisms, evolution of new functions for systems under negative control would be very difficult. PMID- 6790337 TI - The role of dosage of the region 7D1-7D5-6 of the X chromosome in the production of homeotic transformations in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A high frequency of homeotic transformation appears in Df(3)red/+ progeny of Df(1)snC128/+ females. Generally, the metathoracic appendages are partially transformed into mesothoracic ones. Df(1)snC128 includes a small region of the X chromosome: 7D1 to 7D5-6. Hypodosage of this region is mainly effective at the level of the maternal genotype, and the effect is probably due to hypodosage of the wild-type allele of the gene fs(1)h. Df(3)red has an effect that is mainly, if not exclusively, zygotic, probably due to hypodosage of the wild-type allele of Rg-bx. The frequencies of transformed flies resulting from the interaction between Df(1)snC128 and Df(3)red are not very sensitive to external conditions and genetic background. Studies of the interactions between Df(1)snC128 and other mutations or deficiencies of chromosome 3 [Rg-pbx, bx, pbx, Ubx1, Ubx130, Ubx80, Df(3)P9] reveal an analogy between the hypodosage effect of region 7D1-7D5-6 and the effects of ether treatment of blastoderm stage eggs. The role of the gene fs(1)h in the process of segment determination is discussed in the light of these results. PMID- 6790338 TI - Maternal and zygotic sex-specific gene interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Sex-lethal (Sxl) is a vital, X-chromosome gene involved in Drosophila sex determination. The most striking aspect of the phenotype of daughterless (da), an autosomal maternal-effect mutation, may be explained by effects on the functioning of the Sxl gene in the zygote. In this paper, new aspects of interactions between various combinations of Sxl and da alleles are explored in order to understand better the complex da phenotype. The study focuses on the relationship between maternal and zygotic da+ gene functions, and on the relationship between aspects of the da phenotype that are sex-specific and aspects that are not. The SxlM#1 allele, which counteracts the female-specific maternal effect of da, is shown to have no effect on two other aspects of the da phenotype (one maternal, one primarily zygotic) that are not sex-specific. The female-lethal da maternal effect is shown to kill daughters even when the progeny are entirely wild-type with respect to da. Recessive mutant alleles of the two genes can interact synergistically when both are heterozygous with their wild type alleles, disrupting the development of most of the daughters. Surprisingly, even a deficiency of the da+ locus can produce a dominant, temperature-sensitive, female-lethal maternal effect. A new class of subliminal Sxlf alleles is described. These spontaneous mutations can confuse analysis of both da and Sxl if their presence is not appreciated. Finally, conditions are described that facilitate the study of the Enhancer of daughterless mutation. PMID- 6790339 TI - Behavioral and biochemical defects in temperature-sensitive acetylcholinesterase mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the Ace gene, which codes for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Drosophila melanogaster, were analyzed for defects in viability, behavior and function of the enzyme. The use of heat-sensitive and cold-sensitive mutations permitted the function of AChE in the nervous system to be analyzed temporally. All ts mutations were lethal, or nearly so, when animals expressing them were subjected to restrictive temperatures during late embryonic and very early larval stages. Heat treatments to Ace-ts mid- and late larvae had little effect on the behavior of these animals or on the viability or behavior of the eventual adults. Heat-sensitive mutants exposed to nonpermissive temperatures as pupae, by contrast, had severe defects in phototaxis and locomotor activity as adults. AChE extracted from adult ts mutants that had developed at a permissive temperature were abnormally heat labile, and they had reduced substrate affinity when assayed at restrictive temperatures. However, enzyme activity did not decline during exposure of heat-sensitive adults to high temperatures even though such treatments caused decrements in phototaxis (29 degrees) and, eventually, cessation of movement (31 degrees). The cold-sensitive mutant also produced readily detectable levels of AChE when exposed to a restrictive temperature during the early developmental stage when this mutation causes almost complete lethality. We suggest that the relationship among the genetic, biochemical and neurobiological defects in these mutants may involve more than merely temperature sensitive catalytic functions. PMID- 6790340 TI - Genetics of life history in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Sib analysis of adult females. AB - A sib analysis of adult life-history characters was performed on about twelve hundred females from a laboratory Drosophila melanogaster population that had been sampled from nature and cultured so as to preserve its genetic variability. The following results were found. There was no detectable trend with age in additive or dominance genetic variances for age-specific fecundity. Environmental variance for age-specific fecundity increased with age. The genetic variance for fecundity characters was primarily additive. The genetic variance for longevity was primarily dominance variance. There were negative genetic correlations between early fecundity and lifespan, as well as between mean egg-laying rate and longevity. PMID- 6790341 TI - Genetics of life history in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Exploratory selection experiments. AB - two types of small-scale selection experiments were performed. (1) Artificial selection experiments were performed on age-specific female fecundity. Selection for early fecundity over three generations produced a statistically detectable direct response. There was no detectable indirect response in other life-history characters. Selection for late fecundity over three generations did not produce any detectable direct response. Indirect responses were detected: early egg laying decreased and longevity increased. (2) Natural selection for late-age fitness components increased late fecundity, female longevity, and the duration of female reproduction, while early fecundity and mean egg-laying rate decreased. PMID- 6790343 TI - Developmental stages of genome elimination resulting in transmission ratio distortion of the T-007 male recombination (MR) chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - T-007 is a Male Recombination (MR) second chromosome that induces transmission ratio distortion (at its own expense) when heterozygous with many laboratory marker chromosomes. The developmental timing of elimination of T-007 chromosomes has been investigated. About 21% of the T-007 chromosomes expected to be recovered among the progeny of heterozygous T-007 males are lost at some point between fertilization and eclosion (representing 29% of the total distortion observed in young males). Another 52% of the expected number of T-007 chromosomes are lost as a result of spermatid abortion during spermiogenesis (representing 71% of the total distortion). Abnormalities in both the number of spermatids per bundle and the structure of spermatid tails are seen at the earliest stages of spermiogenesis in T-007 males. PMID- 6790342 TI - Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. VI. ejaculate competitive abilities of males having null or active alleles. AB - Recent studies of the function of the polymorphic seminal fluid enzyme, esterase 6, of Drosophila melanogaster suggested that it may act in the process of sperm displacement (Gilbert, Richmond and Sheehan, 1981a). This report examines the competitive ability of ejaculates from males homozygous for null or active alleles of esterase 6 under three experimental conditions that model aspects of sexual selection affecting males. The results demonstrate no significant difference in ejaculate competition between esterase 6 null or active male types, but marker males used for paternity identification had poorly competitive ejaculates. The proportion of second-male progeny, P2, used as an index of competition is primarily influenced by second-male genotype and uninfluenced by female genotype, P2 can change with time from remating and be unaffected by different intensities of competition, which suggests a complex ejaculate competition mechanism. PMID- 6790344 TI - Variation in activity and thermostability of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790346 TI - Mobilization of the non-conjugative IncQ plasmid RSF1010. PMID- 6790345 TI - New prime plasmids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6790347 TI - Chromogenic detection of antigen in bacteriophage plaques: a microplaque method applicable to large-scale screening. AB - We have developed a simple and rapid (24 h) enzyme-linked immuno-detection method to screen for rare antigen-positive phage among large numbers of antigen-negative ones. Horse-radish peroxidase-antibody conjugate, incorporated into the soft agar layer of a plaque assay system, is precipitated locally by antigen produced during plaque formation, and is detected by standard chromogenic methods. The method has been used to screen plaques of bacteriophage beta tox+ for the presence of diphtheria toxin and related cross-reacting material. When phage were plated on very dense bacterial lawns, they formed minute plaques (microplaques). Because of the high local concentration of antigen generated by lysis of the dense lawn, the microplaques gave more intense chromogenic signals than larger plaques formed on less dense Corynebacterium diphtheriae lawns. Thus, antigen positive microplaques could be easily recognized even in the presence of very large numbers of antigen-negatives. In a reconstruction experiment, small numbers of antigen-positive phage were detected with high efficiency (greater than 75%) against a background of 3.8 X 10(4) antigen-negatives/cm2 of agar surface (equivalent to 2.4 X 10(6) plaques/9 cm petri plate). This screening method should facilitate isolation of phage mutants affecting production of given antigens and may be of particular value in detecting specific genes cloned into phage vectors. PMID- 6790348 TI - Appendix: a model of plaque formation. AB - Equations describing plaque formation in soft agar have been based on certain simplifying assumptions, for which data are presented. The derived equations permit one to calculate (i) average plaque size as a function of the initial density of indicator cells (Do), (ii) the number of cells lysed per plaque as a function of Do, and (iii) the cumulative number of cells lysed at various stages of plaque development. The calculated values agree well with those determined experimentally. PMID- 6790349 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin A: nucleotide sequence of the structural gene for the alpha heavy chain derived from cloned cDNAs. AB - The cDNAs complementary to mouse immunoglobulin alpha heavy chain mRNAs have been cloned into the PstI site of the plasmid vector pBR322. Recombinant plasmids have been identified by hybrid-arrested translation and purification of alpha heavy chain mRNA on DNA-DBM filters. The nucleotide sequence of the inserts encodes the constant and 3' untranslated regions of the alpha heavy chain mRNA. The CH3 domains of human and mouse alpha chains are highly homologous, including a 36 amino acid fragment not reported in the protein sequence (Robinson and Appella, 1980). As in the case of the mu secreted heavy chain, the alpha heavy chain contains a carboxy terminal piece of 20 amino acids. PMID- 6790350 TI - A hybrid plasmid containing Drosophila melanogaster DNA sequences complementary to the large mitochondrial ribosomal RNA. PMID- 6790351 TI - [Current theories regarding the etiology and treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum]. PMID- 6790352 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation, blood gas levels and their dynamics in lung cancer after radical operations]. PMID- 6790353 TI - I am proud to work in a nursing home. PMID- 6790354 TI - [Hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6790356 TI - [Primary ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6790357 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of ovarian function disorders. Guidelines for general practice]. PMID- 6790355 TI - [Hyperandrogenemic ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6790358 TI - [Endocrine control of the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6790359 TI - [Hypothalamic ovarian insufficiency]. PMID- 6790360 TI - Effect of the carbon dioxide laser on the oviducts of rabbits. AB - Oviducts of 35 mature, white New Zealand rabbits were injured by a laser beam, using various powers from 25 to 40 W, and by a series of pulses of 1/10, 1/20 or 1/100 s duration. The contralateral oviducts served as controls and were injured at similar areas by a scalpel. The injured areas of both tubes were histologically examined at different periods from the time of injury. Enzyme histochemical studies were also carried out. The site of the laser injury was bloodless. There was a delay in the healing process of the laser side. Vessels were sealed at the area where the spot of the laser hits the vessels, but beyond that point a regular thermal damage was noted with thrombus formation such as seen in regular diathermia or scalpel injuries. Enzymatic activity of the epithelium in the vicinity of the laser-injured areas was intact. The thermal damage due to laser injury found in this study is still significant and would necessitate the use of the laser by microtechniques so as to limit the damage of oviduct tissues. PMID- 6790361 TI - [Uses and limitations of platelet survival time measurements. A critical assay]. PMID- 6790362 TI - Metergoline: a strong inhibitor of rat thrombocyte aggregation "in vitro.". PMID- 6790363 TI - [Identification of human lymphocyte subpopulations by acid alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase activity on glycol-methacrylate embedded biopsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790364 TI - Effects of oestro-progestogenic oral contraceptives on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation. PMID- 6790365 TI - [Lithium carbonate effects on primitive and secondary neutropenia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790367 TI - Oculomotor nerve paresis-presenting sign of acute myeloblastic leukemia in a patient with polycythemia vera. PMID- 6790366 TI - Improved collection of granulocytes by modified continuous flow filtration leukapheresis technique. PMID- 6790368 TI - Cerebral aspergillosis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A case report. PMID- 6790369 TI - Red cell production and destruction in haemoglobin H disease. PMID- 6790370 TI - The situation of the haemophiliac: yesterday and today. PMID- 6790371 TI - The haemophiliac in the eighties. Workshop II: Mobilizing support for haemophilia care. PMID- 6790372 TI - Places called home. PMID- 6790374 TI - Electron microscope study of normal epithelial structures in the female mammary gland. PMID- 6790373 TI - [Acid phosphatase activity in the neutrophils and peripheral lymphocytes in normal pregnancy and pregnancies complicated by RH-HR blood group incompatibility and toxemia]. PMID- 6790375 TI - Changes in skin electroconductivity due to intake of low doses alcohol. PMID- 6790376 TI - Blood alcohol content as related to clinico-vegetative and electroencephalographic changes. PMID- 6790377 TI - The effect of drugs on inhalatory provocation tests in children with bronchial asthma. PMID- 6790378 TI - Conservative treatment of discogenic paralytic sciatica. PMID- 6790379 TI - The effect of treatment with Hisar mineral water from the Momina-Salza spa on gastric secretion and acidity in duodenal ulcer patients - a study with pentagastrin (preliminary report). PMID- 6790380 TI - Pericentric inversion of chromosome "20" associated with congenital anomalies. PMID- 6790381 TI - Complex management of generalized dental dysplasia - a case report. PMID- 6790382 TI - Light microscopical investigation of the renomedullary interstitial cells in "endocrine kidney". PMID- 6790383 TI - [Calcium components in vascular smooth muscle (author's transl)]. AB - Using Scatchard plots, high and low affinity CA binding sites were detected on the surface membrane of vascular smooth muscle. Superficial low affinity bound Ca was rapidly lost in Ca-depleted solution and K-induced contraction appears to depend upon this Ca source. A part of this low affinity bound Ca exchanged slowly and was rapidly released by norepinephrine. Superficial high affinity bound Ca was not readily lost in Ca-depleted solution and was removed by La and EGTA, suggesting that the sustained contraction induced by norepinephrine may be supported by this Ca component. The La-inaccessible (cellular) Ca was also separated into high and low affinity bound Ca. Cellular low affinity bound Ca increased in high-K solution but not by norepinephrine. In depolarized muscle, however, norepinephrine increased the cellular low affinity bound Ca. Inhibitors of mitochondrial respiration inhibited Ca binding to the cellular low affinity binding site but not the K-induced contraction, suggesting that this Ca component represents mitochondrial Ca uptake. Cellular high affinity binding site took up Ca slowly and the bound Ca was released rapidly by norepinephrine. This source of Ca may be utilized for norepinephrine-induced phasic contraction. PMID- 6790384 TI - Antibiotic production by submerged culture of Melanconis flavovirens (Otth) Wehm. AB - The pyrenomycete Melanconis flavovirens under submerged cultivation produced antibiotics active against both bacteria and fungi. Glucose and corn-steep liquor were the best C and N sources for the antibiotic production, respectively. Supplementation with Tween-80 and enthylene glycol stimulated both antifungal and antibacterial antibiotic production, whereas oleic acid only the antifungal one. Addition of K2HPO4 also showed a positive effect. The optimal conditions for fermentation of the antifungal component are given. PMID- 6790385 TI - Synthesis of exocellular proteins during the exponential and stationary phase of growth of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Synthesis of exocellular metalloprotease and cellular and exocellular proteins in the sporogenic strain Bacillus megaterium J-27 and asporogenic strain KM 1 was investigated. Both organisms excrete the enzyme into the medium during growth and during the stationary phase. In the asporogenic strain the excretion decreases at the end of the exponential phase. In the sporogenic strain it continues during the transition to the stationary phase at the original rate and proteolytic activity in the medium increases two to three times during 2 h after the end of the exponential phase. Both organisms synthesize relatively more exocellular proteins during the exponential phase than during the stationary phase. The proportion of exocellular protein synthesized during the exponential phase does not exceed 3 % of total proteins, during the stationary phase this proportion usually decreases to less than 1 %. PMID- 6790386 TI - Induction of carboxymethylcellulase in Macrophomina phaseolina. AB - Macrophomina phaseolina, the well-known jute pathogenic fungus produces very low levels of both extra- and intracellular carboxymethylcellulase even in the absence of any cellulose as carbon source in the medium. However, the production of these enzymes is greatly induced by soluble carboxymethylcellulose. The carboxymethylcellulase in M. phaseolina is repressed by glucose. PMID- 6790387 TI - Effects of environmental factors and exogenous gonadotropin treatment on interanimal distance and successful breeding in a squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) colony. PMID- 6790388 TI - Purification and some properties of chicken-liver aflatoxin B1 reductase. PMID- 6790389 TI - Relationship between the consumption of toxic rice oil and the long-term concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls in the blood of yusho patients. PMID- 6790390 TI - Chronic toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran for rhesus macaques. PMID- 6790391 TI - Effects of butylated hydroxytoluene and acetylaminofluorene on NADPH-cytochrome P 450 reductase activity in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6790392 TI - The presence of polychlorinated quaterphenyls in the tissue of yusho victims. PMID- 6790394 TI - [Foreign substance-degrading enzyme system of the human liver. Modification by alcohol, other exogenous factors and liver diseases]. AB - Ethanol was found to be capable to stimulate the microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme system of human liver. However, this effect was seen only in cases of alcoholic liver damage (fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis). Alcoholics without alcoholic liver injury had enzyme activities comparable to control patients, who had no liver disease. On ethanol abstinence the enzyme stimulation was reversible within 20 days. Stimulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme activity in alcoholic liver disease seems to be related to ethanol induced toxicity. The highest enzyme activities were observed in patients on enzyme inducing drugs (2- to 6 fold increase), whereas in alcoholic liver disease enzyme activities were doubled. These results suggest that the stimulation of the microsomal enzyme system caused by ethanol is different from the enzyme induction seen on inducing drugs. PMID- 6790393 TI - [Reduction by dithiocarbamate fungicide, zineb, of the activity of oxygenases of the rat liver microsomes: effects of 9% casein regimen]. PMID- 6790395 TI - [Effect of a fibrin-antibiotic compound in bone and soft tissue infections]. AB - It is reported on experimental experiences in the use of a biological adhesive system--highly concentrated native fibrinogen, thrombin and clotting factor XIII- in conjunction with local antibiotics. The results in animals are: Antibiotics in conjunction with the mentioned adhesive system give a high local concentration for a short time. The activity of the antibiotics decreases quickly within some activity of the antibiotics decreases quickly within some hours, there is no more antibiotic effect after 36 hours. PMID- 6790396 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of oral prazepam]. AB - The biotransformation pathways following oral administration of prazepam are characterized. The time course of the active metabolite descyclopropylmethylprazepam (= norprazepam), representing 80-90% of all prazepam metabolites in plasma, can be described by an open one compartment model with a mean elimination half life of 70 h and a plasma clearance of 1.0-1.4 l/h. 3-5 h after single doses of 20 mg prazepam, the corresponding peak levels of norprazepam are 120-160 ng/ml. There is only a slight uptake of norprazepam into red blood cells and a relative low secretion into breast milk. Following repeated doses of daily 20 mg prazepam steady state levels of norprazepam are 600-800 ng/ml. The slow build-up of the active metabolite and the long elimination half life ensure continuous plasma levels with small fluctuations. PMID- 6790397 TI - [Progress in sterility therapy. Gonadotropin treatment, monitoring follicle maturation using real-time ultrasonics]. AB - Results of prospective examination of follicle development under HMG-HCG-therapy by real time scanning are discussed. 1979-1980 37 patients were treated with HMG HCG, 82 cycles of treatment were evaluated. In 93% of these cycles ovulation occurred, 17 patients became pregnant. Slight overstimulation was seen in 5% (4 of 82 cycles of treatment). Real time scan monitoring of follicular development allows a more efficient treatment with HMG-HCG, also multiple gravidity might theoretically be reduced. PMID- 6790398 TI - [Pathophysiological study on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats (author's transl]. PMID- 6790399 TI - [Clinical studies of histidinemia (author's transl)]. AB - This study was performed to investigate 1) technical modification of Guthrie method for mass screening to detect histidinemia, 2) patients with histidinemia in view of genetic and biochemical aspects, and 3) therapy of histidinemia in newborn infants. Guthrie method was the useful method for mass screening of histidinemia in newborn infants. It is possible to measure blood level of histidine using by Subutilis spore ATTCC 6633 instead of ATCC 6051. Mass screening of histidinemia was done in about 20,000 newborn infants in Hokkaido, and one case of histidinemia, which was first case in Japan found by this method, was observed. In a case of 5 year-old boy with clinical histidinemia, in whom serum histidine level was 12.1 mg/kl, histidase activity of stratum corneum was not detectable, FIGLU and urocanic acid in urine and urocanic acid in sweat were not detected, the half life of histidine at intravenous histidine loading test was too long to measure. But in other case of 13 year-old boy without clinical signs of histidinemia, elder brother of former case, serum histidine level was 4.7 mg/dl, histidase activity was 11% of normal control, excretion of FIGLU and urocanic acid in urine, and urocanic acid in sweat were observed, and the half life of histidine was 5 hours and 50 minutes (normal: 2 hours and 20 minutes). In both cases, Tryptophan absorption and metabolism were not influenced by high level of blood histidine. Therapy with low histidine milk was made in 3 cases of affected infants. When histidine was given orally in dose of 30-35 mg/kg/day, serum histidine level was down to 3-5 mg/dl in a week in all cases, but in one case low proteinemia an anemia were observed. When histidine was orally given in a dose of 40-50 mg/kg/day, serum histidine level was well controlled. In all cases with histidine limited diets, mental retardation and growth retardation were not found. PMID- 6790400 TI - The metabolic serum clearance of GnRH. Relationship to age, sex and male puberty. AB - The MCR of constantly infused synthetic GnRH (1.53 micrograms/min) was studied in relation to age, sex, and male sexual maturation. GnRH was determined by a radioimmunoassay using a specific GnRH antiserum and 125I-GnRH, prepared by the chloramine T technique and purified on Sephadex G 25. Serum LH and FSH were measured by RIA. The results (mean values +/- SEM) of MCR expressed here as ml/min/1.86 m2 showed a statistically significant difference: infants (6-13 yrs) 1170 +/- 79, sexually mature males (22-29 yrs) 639 +/- 28, elderly men (64-79 yrs) 520 +/- 38, sexually mature females (20-24 yrs) follicular phases: 1354 +/- 90, luteal phases: 1736 +/- 242, postmenopausal women (53-74 yrs) 598 +/- 45. We found a linear negative correlation between serum LH and MCR of GnRH in both sexes. During male puberty the MCRLH-RH decreased simultaneously to the stages of pubic hair development. IN CONCLUSION: 1) The MCR of GnRH is a function of age, sex, and sexual maturation, 2) its negative linear correlation with LH in both sexes indicates that the MCR presumably reflects endogenous GnRH levels, 3) the MCRGnRH seem to be subject to endocrine regulation. PMID- 6790401 TI - Methyl-p-tyrosine effect on gonadotropin and prolactin pituitary release in women. PMID- 6790404 TI - PTRA in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6790405 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. PMID- 6790403 TI - Studies on the role of the pineal gland in the regulation of TSH secretion in postpuberal male rats. AB - The role of the pineal gland in the regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion was studied in postpuberal male rats using 12:12 h light:dark cycles. Pinealectomy, performed 3--4 days before decapitation, had no effect on the basal or thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulated TSH secretion, but significantly decreased the cold-induced TSH response both at noon and at midnight. Neither hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone concentrations nor serum thyroid hormone levels were affected by pinealectomy. Melatonin injected intravenously (1 and 10 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (5 and 50 microgram/rat) had no effect on the basal or cold-stimulated TSH levels, neither was the thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced (50 and 125 ng/rat i.p.) TSH response modified by melatonin (1 mg/kg i.v.). Arginine vasotocin (1 and 100 ng/rat) given intracerebroventricularly had no effect on the basal or cold stimulated TSH secretion. These results suggest that the pineal has no influence on the basal activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid system, but it seems that the cold-induced TSH response depends to a considerable degree on the intact pineal gland. PMID- 6790402 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases plasma norepinephrine in man. AB - Administration of exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in man leads to an increase in mean arterial blood pressure at 4 and 8 min after TRH. This increase in mean arterial blood pressure is preceded by an increase in plasma norepinephrine levels (maximum response of 274 +/- 42 pg/ml vs. basal 158 +/- 32, p less than 0.01). There was a nonsignificant tendency for epinephrine levels to rise. There was no alteration in plasma renin activity (basal 1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml/min vs. peak 1.4 +/- 0.3) or in plasma aldosterone (basal 5.0 +/- 0.6 ng/dl vs. peak 6.8 +/- 0.7). We conclude that TRH causes an increase in blood levels of catecholamines in normal man through undetermined mechanisms. The blood pressure changes associated with TRH administration may be related to norepinephrine release. Our findings also lend additional support that acute increases in prolactin have no effect on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man. PMID- 6790406 TI - Headache and vision loss in a seven-year-old child. PMID- 6790407 TI - An arm infection after abdominal gunshot wound. PMID- 6790408 TI - Lameness following a febrile URI. PMID- 6790409 TI - The case of the ECG with varying complexes, one month after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6790410 TI - Bellevue: form follows function. PMID- 6790411 TI - Rheumatologists gauge new uses of old drugs. PMID- 6790412 TI - Calcium entry blockers in cardiologic therapy. PMID- 6790413 TI - Early diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia. PMID- 6790414 TI - Nosocomial infections: etiologic changes, therapeutic challenges. PMID- 6790415 TI - Application of monoclonal anti-HY antibody for human H-Y typing. AB - We have successfully produced monoclonal anti- H-Y antibody by fusing NS-1 myeloma cells with splenocytes from C57BL/6 females immunized with syngeneic male splenocytes. We have proved that the antibody is male specific and that it cross reacts with human H-Y. We have further tested 80 normal individuals for H-Y antigen and obtained significant differences between males and females. Therefore, the monoclonal anti- H-Y antibody is useful for clinical typing of human H-Y antigen. PMID- 6790416 TI - Neurophysiological and structural changes at the basis of effects of transcranial micropolarization. PMID- 6790417 TI - Comparison of regulation of respiration in transitional and steady-state regimes of muscular work and under the influence of additional resistance. PMID- 6790418 TI - Hemodynamics in healthy subjects during moderate physical exertion in the lying and sitting positions. PMID- 6790419 TI - The activation of murine B cells: the role of surface immunoglobulins. PMID- 6790420 TI - Effects of anti-Ig antibodies on the development and differentiation of B cells. PMID- 6790421 TI - Effects of anti-immunoglobulin antibodies on murine B lymphocytes and humoral immune responses. PMID- 6790422 TI - Control idiotope expression by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibodies. PMID- 6790423 TI - A microassay for nitroblue tetrazolium reduction by human neutrophils. AB - By adapting the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test (NBT test) of neutrophil function to microtiter plates with correspondingly small incubation and dye extraction volumes, it has been possible to develop a microassay with the following advantages: 1. The cell number required for single standard assay has been reduced five- to tenfold to 1 X 105 PMN. 2. If little blood or few cells are available, this number can be further reduced to 1-5 X 104. 3. The test is rapid (less than 6 hours overall) and highly reproducible. 4. A single technician can process at least six plates = 576 single assays at a time. 5. Due to the small incubation volume, test substances can be saved. NBT reduction in this test is a function of both cell number and concentration of the stimulus (here: zymosan). Addition of serum, Mg+/-+/-, or EGTA/Mg enhances the response to zymosan while Ca+/- +/- at greater than or equal to 2 mM is inhibitory. PMID- 6790424 TI - Ferritin-labeling of antibodies by glutaraldehyde. Comparison of conjugates prepared at different antibody: ferritin: glutaraldehyde ratios. AB - Optimal molar ratios of antibody: ferritin: glutaraldehyde for the preparation of antibody-ferritin conjugates were investigated. The reaction volumes and the antibody concentration were held constant in twenty different reaction mixtures. The effect of five different antibody: glutaraldehyde ratios ranging from 1:25 to 1:400 and of four different antibody: ferritin ratios (1:1 to 1:01) on the yield of antibody-ferritin conjugates was tested in one-step reactions. The 20 different conjugates were tested by a newly developed gel precipitation technique, the inverse fused line rocket immunoelectrophoresis and by counting relative numbers of ferritin monomers and oligomers under the electron microscope. High concentrations of glutaraldehyde produced large heterogeneous precipitates as visualized in the gel technique. The relatively highest yield of ferritin-labeled antibodies without larger conjugates was produced by reacting antibodies, ferritin and glutaraldehyde at molar ratios of 1:1:100. The FRT antibody conjugates produced at these molar ratios were partly abe to precipitate with their respective antigens. PMID- 6790425 TI - Tryptic cleavage of rat IgG: a comparative study between subclasses. AB - Monoclonal rat IgG belonging to the 4 rat IgG subclasses, and some IgG subclasses isolated from normal rat serum were subjected to enzymatic degradation with trypsin. Differences in the products of tryptic digestion were observed according to the IgG subclass. IgG2b and IgG2c were degraded mainly into Fab and Fc fragments. IgG1 and IgG2a appeared resistant to such cleavage. However, tryptic digestion of the latter two produced two fragments separated only in dissociating media. Results of the studies suggest that one of the fragments (mol. wt. 13,000) probably consists of most of the variable domain of the gamma heavy chain, while the second (mol. wt. 120,000) consists of the IgG deleted of the VH regions. PMID- 6790427 TI - Change in the "O' serotype of Pseudomonas aeruginosa after lysogenisation with bacteriophages. PMID- 6790428 TI - Characterization of the metabolites of e-dinitrophenylated lysine from the urine of rat. PMID- 6790426 TI - Preliminary report on beta-lactamase isoenzymes of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and carbenicillin-resistance. PMID- 6790429 TI - Recent advances in viral hepatitis: viruses and their serological markers. PMID- 6790430 TI - Effect of malnutrition on distal latencies in children and their neurological correlates. PMID- 6790431 TI - Nutritional and immunization status of children in an ICDS block. PMID- 6790432 TI - Pseudoachondroplastic spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. PMID- 6790433 TI - [Standardized postoperative parenteral nutrition with a complete solution containing glucose]. AB - 15 cholecystectomized patients were treated with a newly developed solution containing 2% amino acids, 12.5% dextrose, and electrolytes during a period of 3 postoperative days. The solution with an osmolarity of 1.060 mosmol/l was administered by peripheral veins. Blood glucose concentration did not exceed 8.8 +/- 1.3 (S.D.). Application of insulin or additional potassium was not necessary. Glucose excretion ranged from 3.3 to 7.6 percent of the infused dose. Urinary nitrogen excretion was approximately 8.4 +/- 2.2 (S.D.) g/day. From this the nitrogen balance was calculated as -2.6 g/day. There were no systemic side effects of the solution; in some cases an irritation of peripheral veins was observed. PMID- 6790434 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in polytrauma - comparison between a fat-free and a fat containing nutritional regime]. AB - Two groups of patients with multiple injuries were treated with high-caloric parenteral nutrition over a period of 10 days. One group received amino acids (1 g/kg BW/day) and dextrose (2.0 x resting metabolic rate calories). In the other group dextrose was partially substituted by an isocaloric amount of lipids (2 g/kg BW/day). As for blood and serum glucose, pyruvate, lactate, triglycerides, cholesterol, phosphatides, free fatty acids, glycerol, acetoacetate and beta hydroxybutyrate there were no significant differences between the two groups. Nevertheless, in the lipid group more balanced blood-sugar levels were seen with smaller amounts of insulin to be needed. This suggests a beneficial effect on the carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6790435 TI - [Sugar substitutes or glucose in peripheral venous hypocaloric nutrition?]. AB - Postoperative hypocaloric peripheral-venous nutrition with the same content of amino acids (1 g/kg BW/d) and carbohydrates (2 g/kg BW/d) was performed in two groups of patients, one group receiving xylitol and sorbitol (1:1), the other pure glucose only. Regarding the behavior of different parameters of the protein metabolism it could be demonstrated, that glucose supply although improving the N retention by 12% had no significant favourable effect on viscerally synthesized plasma proteins in contrast to the polyols. Because of the nearly identical endogenous insulin stimulation in both groups it can be assumed, that glucose supply inhibits lipolysis completely thus reducing free fatty acids levels in plasma and therefore increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity resulting in enhanced utilisation of the amino acids supplied mainly in muscle. Additionally the improvement in synthesis of visceral proteins supplying polyols can be also due to a specific effect of these substrates, because the known activation of pentose-phosphate-cycle, especially by xylitol, increases RNA-synthesis and therefore lately improving protein synthesis, too. PMID- 6790436 TI - [Resuspension of erythrocyte concentrates: clinical examinations with human albumin and oxypolygelatine]. AB - The acid-base status of packed red cells and the influence of resuspension with human albumin, oxypolygelatine (Gelifundol), Human-serum and physiological saline were examined. It was found that the severe metabolic acidosis of packed red cells increased only slightly with storage time, while the resuspension exerted divergent effects: Human albumin and physiological saline increased the metabolic acidosis slightly, but significant. Humanserum and oxypolygelatine diminished it because of their bicarbonate content. The clinical significance especially in massive transfusion is discussed. PMID- 6790437 TI - Interaction of rat platelets with Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Listeria monocytogenes induced aggregation of rat platelets in vitro and stimulated the nonlytic release of [3H]serotonin. Listeria-induced platelet aggregation and serotonin release required the presence of intact Listeria, was maximal at a 1:1 Listeria/platelet ratio, required a plasma cofactor, and was not inhibited by indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid, or apyrase. Aggregation either of platelets in platelet-rich plasma with adenosine diphosphate or of washed platelets with thrombin resulted in the release of a listericidin from the platelets; however, direct interaction of L. monocytogenes with platelet-rich plasma did not kill Listeria. The ability of rats to clear an intravenous challenge of L. monocytogenes (0.005 50% lethal dose), as determined by the recovery of viable L. monocytogenes from the spleen and liver, was unaffected by prior treatment with antiplatelet serum. PMID- 6790438 TI - Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in resident and activated macrophages. AB - A sensitive and highly reproducible assay was utilized to study in vitro interactions of Listeria monocytogenes with resident and activated macrophages. The technique is not compromised by extracellular events and can readily differentiate between the efficiency of ingestion and the postphagocytic fate of bacteria. Heat-labile factors in human or homologous serum markedly enhanced the phagocytosis of Listeria without noticeably affecting the intracellular fate of the microorganisms. The behavior of Listeria within macrophages cultivated from C57BL/6 and BALB/c mouse strains corresponded to previous reports of in vivo growth patterns in inbred mice. Thioglycolate- or caseinate-elicited macrophages, although highly phagocytic, were unable to prevent the proliferation of Listeria. A bactericidal macrophage population was derived from from C57BL/6 mice which had been immunized intraperitoneally with a sublethal dose of L. monocytogenes and subsequently boosted with heat-killed homologous organisms. Elicitation of immune animals produced an increase in the percentage of peroxidase-positive macrophages, but this activity could not be correlated with restriction of intracellular bacterial growth. PMID- 6790439 TI - Genetic mapping of chromosomal determinants for the production of the exopolysaccharide alginate in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolate. AB - Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FRD, a sputum isolate from a cystic fibrosis patient, was used to develop a genetic system. The mucoid appearance is due to the biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide alginate and is a potential virulence factor of the organism. The sex factor plasmid FP2 was used for uninterrupted genetic exchange to investigate the nature of spontaneous mutations which produce frequent alginate-negative (Alg-) derivatives. Crosses between Alg+ donors and Alg- recipients demonstrated linkage between alginate genes and chromosomal markers. Crosses between an Alg- donor and Alg- recipients produced Alg+ recombinants at frequencies that varied, depending on the recipient strains used. This indicated that more than one genetic locus was associated with spontaneous mutation leading to loss of the mucoid character. Three classes of Alg- mutants were identified. Genetic exchange experiments showed that the loci of the alginate (alg) mutations of the three mutant classes are in the same region of the chromosome. The sex factor plasmid R68.45 was used for nonpolarized chromosome transfer and demonstrated close linkage between chromosomal markers (his-1, met-1) and alg markers. This was consistent with the data obtained in FP2 mediated crosses. Thus, the evidence obtained indicated that the alg genes which undergo frequent mutation are chromosomal, that several loci are involved, and that these alg loci are apparently clustered on the chromosome. PMID- 6790440 TI - Identification of the active precipitin components in a purified preparation of the A antigen of Blastomyces dermatitidis. AB - A purified A-antigen preparation of Blastomyces dermatitidis was determined to be composed of five major glycoprotein bands, visible with Coomassie blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining of polyacrylamide gels. At least 20 additional protein bands were detected by using a silver stain, which was 100 times more sensitive than the Coomassie method. Two components of this mixture were determined to be associated with the A-antigenic activity of B. dermatitidis. Of several antigen preparations examined in Ouchterlony precipitation tests, those reactive with a reference anti-A antiserum contained the slowest moving of the Coomassie blue bands. The antigen preparations without precipitin reactivity lacked this protein band. Two protein bands were shown to disappear from an antigen preparation after incubation with an affinity gel linked to the reference anti-A serum. One of the bands was the slowest Coomassie blue band, and the other was a fast-migrating protein detectable only with the silver stain. Characterization of the components responsible for the A-antigenic activity has important applications in the production and standardization of serological reagents for the diagnosis of blastomycosis. PMID- 6790441 TI - Effects of proteolytic enzymes on the outer membrane proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Proteolytic enzymes inhibit the growth of some strains and opacity variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. To understand the inhibitory effects of these enzymes, we examined several strains to determine the actions of proteases on the three predominant proteins in gonococcal outer membranes. namely, the major outer membrane protein (protein I), the sometimes-expressed opaque protein (protein II), and protein III. In a comparison of the protein I species expressed by different strains, we observed a pattern based on subunit molecular weight and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Protein I species having molecular weights of 34,000 were more susceptible to proteolysis, whereas protein I species having molecular weights of 33,000 were less susceptible, and protein I species having molecular weights of 32,000 were resistant. This pattern was observed both in intact cells and in purified outer membranes. All of the enzymes degraded protein II, but this susceptibility appeared to be influenced in part by the species of protein I present. Protein III was resistant to all of the proteolytic enzymes tested. Based on the resulting fragments from each proteolytic cleavage of proteins I and II and their membrane associations, we suggest how these proteins may be arranged in intact membranes. Our data suggested the presence of an endogenous gonococcal enzyme. This enzyme appeared to degrade proteins I and II into fragments resembling the fragments resulting from the action of chymotrypsin. PMID- 6790442 TI - Characteristics of a lipid preparation (lipid A) from Haemophilus influenzae type a lipopolysaccharide. AB - Mild hydrolysis of Haemophilus influenzae type a lipopolysaccharide by ion exchangers yielded a lipid A extracted by chloroform. It contained phosphorus, glucosamine, and fatty acids. Myristic, palmitic, 3-hydroxymyristic, and oleic acids and two other unidentified long-chain fatty acids were found. The free lipid A was not toxic for mice at doses of up to 50 mg/kg and did not provoke a Shwartzman reaction. The Limulus test activity was positive up to 10(-12) g/ml, but the pyrogenicity in rabbits was lower than with the original lipopolysaccharide. However, the lipid A did induced a mitogenic response and polyclonal B-cell activation in mouse spleen cell cultures. Complexing lipid A with bovine serum albumin gave a nontoxic preparation which lost these immunological activities. Immunochemical studies showed that the major reactive determinants of this lipid-protein complex were altered after such a linkage. Consequently, the nontoxic and mitogenic lipid A isolated from H. influenzae type a did not exhibit all of the classical activities of lipid A preparations. PMID- 6790444 TI - Similarities of C3b receptors in human kidney and spleen. AB - Receptors for C3b (C3R) in human spleen and kidney were studied using haemadsorption to cryostat sections. The indicator cells, ovine erythrocytes (E) coated with rabbit IgM antibody (A) and human C3b (EAC) adhered strongly to the glomeruli in renal tissue and to the white pulp of spleen. Titration experiments showed that avidity of the two populations of C3R was equal. Activity was independent of Ca++ and Mg++. Periodic acid, formaldehyde, high salt concentrations and trypsin abolished, whereas neuraminidase enhanced the activity. Various temperatures and pHs affected the two populations of C3R similarly. The results obtained indicate that the C3R in spleen and kidney are similar. PMID- 6790443 TI - Increased virulence of Neisseria meningitidis after in vitro iron-limited growth at low pH. AB - At low pH (6.6) and under conditions of iron limitation, Neisseria meningitidis group B (strain SD1C) exhibited an atypical outer membrane protein profile and an increased relative virulence for the mouse. Cells grown in a buffered medium were effectively deprived of iron by the addition of ethylenediamine diorthohydroxyphenylacetate. The pH of the medium selected for characteristic colonial morphologies: type M3 predominated at pH 6.6, and type M5 predominated at pH 7.7. A mixed population of M1, M3, and M5 colonies was observed at pH 7.2. Isolated outer membrane proteins were analyzed by sodium dodecyl 99 99 sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and surface exposed proteins were labeled by the [125I]lactoperoxidase method and subsequently identified by autoradiography. Cells grown at pH 6.6 elaborated a major outer membrane protein (protein III; molecular weight, 69,000), which was also present in the outer membrane of iron limited cells grown at pH 7.2. At pH 7.2 in an iron-sufficient medium, protein III was present only in small quantities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel was present only in small quantities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. A study of the relative virulence (50% lethal dose) of the meningococcus for C57/BL mice revealed that iron-limited cells grown at low pH had an increased relative virulence 1,200-fold (50% lethal dose, 4.0 CFU) greater than that of cells grown in the same medium but at pH 7.2 and with sufficient iron. These studies indicate that pH and iron can be important factors in the determination of meningococcal virulence. PMID- 6790445 TI - RE migration: an in vitro phenomenon of certain lymphoid cells induced by heterologous serum. AB - RE (rapid, early) migration designates the greatly increased migration of guinea pig thymus cells in glass capillaries upon addition of a high concentration of normal human serum. Such migration exceeded random locomotion sevenfold and was terminated within 60 min. Serum activity was abolished by treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min and was inhibited by addition of homologous serum. Neither spleen nor lymph node cells were induced to migrate in this manner by serum. The presence of inhibitory cells in these organs, and their presence in variable but lower amounts also in the thymus, is suggested. Normal human serum was highly cytotoxic for thymus cells and somewhat less toxic for lymph node cells. However, the results indicate the RE migration is either independent of the cytotoxic effect of heterologous serum or else requires that a very high percentage of the cells are killed. The killing of thymocytes by several other means did not induce RE migration. In addition to demonstrating and quantitating this thymocyte reactive factor in various sera, RE migration may be used for characterization of subpopulations of lymphocytes. PMID- 6790446 TI - Nonantibody binding of serum proteins to 5S anti-Rh fragments produced by chymotrypsin. AB - Chymotrypsin hydrolysis of the IgG anti-Rh antibodies Ri results in both bivalent and univalent antibody fragments. The bivalent fragments coated on Rh-positive erythrocytes are agglutinable by albumin and other serum proteins in 3% polyethylene glycol. The bivalent structure of the 5S fragment is essential for expression of this site since 5S fragments produced by trypsin and pepsin are also agglutinable, while univalent fragments produced by papain and subtilisin are not. The agglutination by albumin of the 5S fragments is not caused by residual enzyme. The reaction appears to be irreversible in that once albumin has reacted with the 5S fragment, either in the fluid phase or at the cell surface, fresh addition of albumin and PEG will not result in agglutination. The nonantibody reaction of albumin and the other serum proteins with these 5S IgG fragments is believed to be caused by hydrophobic bonding involving the intrachain disulfide in the 5S fragment and hydrophobic areas of other proteins. PMID- 6790447 TI - Clomiphene citrate administration to normogonadotropic subfertile men: blood hormone changes and activation of acid phosphatase in seminal fluid. AB - Clomiphene citrate was administered as a 50 mg oral daily dose to 44 normogonadotrophic (serum FSH 2-10 mIU/ml) subfertile men for 3 months. The treatment resulted in significant increases in FSH and LH concentrations, whereas prolactin remained unchanged. Serum testosterone and oestradiol both increased highly significantly. The increased testosterone levels suggest that the elevated LH levels had not led to "down regulation" of Leydig cell LH/hCG receptors, neither had the greatly increased estradiol led to depletion of these receptors. This is suggested to be a result of the blocking of testicular oestradiol receptors by the estrogen antagonist, clomiphene. Sperm count increased highly unchanged. The spermatic fluid concentrations of zinc and magnesium ions were also increased, whereas fructose remained unchanged. The katalytic activity of acid phosphatase in spermatic fluid increased highly significantly, whereas the concentration of the main prostate-specific acid phosphatase, as measured by a specific radioimmunological method, remained unchanged. Therefore, the increased Zn and Mg ion concentrations may be responsible for activation of acid phosphatase (s) in semen, or the treatment led to increased secretion of other prostatic acid phosphatase(s) than the main enzyme. However, it is clear that the secretion of the main prostatic acid phosphatase into semen is under different control than that of Zn++ and Mg++. PMID- 6790448 TI - Human seminal lectin. II. Properties of a lectin like factor in the human seminal plasma. AB - A lectin like haemagglutinin (Human Seminal Lectin - HSL) is present in human seminal plasma. Partial purification and characterization of HSL has been achieved. HSL was shown to be almost completely inactivated at 100 degree C within 15 min. HSL was stable within a pH range of 5 to 10 for one hour, was resistant to trypsin, mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol and has a molecular weight of about 57 000 daltons and an iso-electric point of about 6.8. HSL activity did not depend on either the incubation temperature or on the availability of free divalent cations such as Ca++,Mg++,or Mn++. PMID- 6790449 TI - Serum protein binding of valproic acid in healthy subjects and in patients with liver disease. AB - The binding parameters of valproic acid (VPA) to human serum albumin (HSA) were determined by equilibrium dialysis and computed using non-linear regression. However unclassic, it was observed that the binding parameters of VPA varied according to the concentration of the HSA solutions used. At 580 microM HSA, VPA is bound to two classes of binding sites with the association constants K1 = 56000 M(-1) and K2 = 750 M(-1), and their respective numbers of binding sites n1 = 2 and n2 = 5. Free serum fraction of VPA is significantly increased by 500, 1000 and 1500 microM palmitate, 250 microM clofibrate, 320 microM phenylbutazone, or 360 microM salicylate. In any case, the increase of the VPA serum free fraction is highly correlated with the inhibitor concentration. On the other hand, the free serum fraction of warfarin is increased by 600 microM VPA (100 micrograms/ml). In patients with liver disease, the variations of the free serum fraction of VPA are correlated to the albumin and to the bilirubin concentrations. Serum binding of VPA is significantly decreased in the two groups of patients as compared with the control group. PMID- 6790450 TI - Physical self-concept changes in a mildly, facially disfigured neurofibromatosis patient following communication skill training. AB - The authors discuss the case of a mildly disfigured patient with Neurofibromatosis from the perspectives of his distorted body image, need to attribute problems in his social and work lives to unrealistic assessment of his disfigurement, changes in his self-concept following communication training, and the need for physicians and others working with these persons to treat their emotional, as well as physical, pain. PMID- 6790451 TI - The pineal gland--a survey of its antigonadotropic substances and their actions. PMID- 6790452 TI - [Ulcerative colitis. Current questions in clinic and therapy]. PMID- 6790453 TI - Priapism as a complication of intravenous feeding. PMID- 6790454 TI - Von Recklinghausen's disease presenting with acute retention of urine. PMID- 6790455 TI - Subclavian vein catheterisation for total parenteral nutrition: a review of 82 cases. PMID- 6790457 TI - The effectiveness of a whole body counter during and after an accident situation at nuclear facilities. PMID- 6790456 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome treated with high-frequency positive pressure ventilation. AB - Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a severe disease that carries a poor prognosis (50 to 60% mortality). Although modern ventilatory techniques, especially positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation, have reduced the mortality rate somewhat, they are still far from serving as the ideal solution to this grave condition. High-frequency positive pressure ventilation (HFPPV) is a relatively new technique that enables effective alveolar ventilation without creating high intrapulmonary pressures. HFPPV using a conventional ventilator, Bennett MA-1B (Suffex, England), was tried in a 22-yr-old man with ARDS due to pyocyanea sepsis, who had failed to respond to conventional ventilation. A dramatic improvement was achieved within 60 min of increasing the ventilatory rate from 12 to 80/min, with a concomitant decrease of tidal volume from 12 to between 2 and 23 ml/kg. HFPPV may be a useful alternative method in the treatment of patients with ARDS. PMID- 6790458 TI - Making tobacco education relevant to the school-age child. PMID- 6790459 TI - What are schools doing to discourage cigarette smoking? PMID- 6790460 TI - The right to quality life: a challenge for parenting education. PMID- 6790461 TI - Avoiding the lure of the snake-oil salesman: an argument for individualized instruction. PMID- 6790463 TI - Legislative advocacy in health education: a case study. PMID- 6790464 TI - The role of the community health educator on the primary health care team. PMID- 6790462 TI - An incentive-based employee fitness program. PMID- 6790465 TI - How to plan inservice health education for elementary classroom teachers. PMID- 6790466 TI - Enhancing positive self-concept through creativity in the classroom. PMID- 6790467 TI - Who me, addicted? PMID- 6790468 TI - Contraception-abortion lifeline. PMID- 6790469 TI - Death education: an integral part of school health education. PMID- 6790470 TI - The great tampon scare of 1980: helping the consumer cope. PMID- 6790472 TI - Lead poisoning: a need for education. PMID- 6790471 TI - Field experiences in health: making them successful close encounters of the real kind. PMID- 6790473 TI - Competitive interactions in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A competition experiment with Drosophila melanogaster is reported which comprised a replacement series with two genotypes, together with pure cultures of both genotypes at the same densities as they appeared in the mixtures. The results for total numbers and weights make clear the need to separate the intergenotypic from the intragenotypic interactions if an unambiguous interpretation of the outcome of such mixtures is to be obtained. Further experiments were carried out to investigate the behaviour of pure cultures in order to gain insight into the relative simplicity or complexity of the intragenotypic interactions that needed to be taken into account when investigating mixtures. It was found that transformation of the measurements into percent survival and average weight per fly led to relations with density which were more nearly linear than the originals and, hence, were more readily amenable to analysis. Two main points emerged from the experiments. First, the relationship between the two transformed characters did not appear straightforward. Secondly, the intragenotypic interactions, particularly for percent survival, were complex and thus provided not support for assuming them to be simple when present in mixtures of genotypes. PMID- 6790474 TI - Multiple matings, effective population size and sexual selection in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The distribution of sexually efficient males has been analysed in two populations made up of 5 times more females than males. When observation stops as soon as the number of inseminated females equals the number of males, 25 per cent of males in both strains had not mated, 50 per cent of the matings were performed by 50 per cent of the males who mated only once and the other 50 per cent of matings were performed by 25 per cent of the males who mated 2 or 3 times. Productivity of the successive matings falls drastically after the third mating. The relative role of sexual selection and multiple matings as components of fitness are discussed, as well as their implications for the effective population size. PMID- 6790475 TI - The number of genes on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and a comment on the genetic structure of eukaryotes. AB - Recessive lethals on the second chromosome were extracted from genetically isolated populations in Australia and the U.K. The frequency of allelism, used in a manner analogous to capture-recapture of animal populations, indicated that the number of genes capable of mutating to lethal had a 95 per cent probability of being in the range 247 to 1140, although excluding possible heterotic and synthetic lethals altered this to 309 to 3568. Possible sources of bias are discussed. The disagreement between these values and those obtained the direct measurements of DNA (more than 10 times greater) is clear. It is suggested that many of the genes of eukaryotes have been duplicated by unequal exchange during recombination and occur in functionally related groups or in supergenes. Some consequences of this hypothesis to population genetics are noted. PMID- 6790476 TI - Selection associated with the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster: differential survival of adults maintained on low concentrations of ethanol. AB - David and his collaborators have reported that adult Drosophila melanogaster survive longer on 2 per cent ethanol than on distilled water, but that the increased survival on ethanol does not occur in mutant flies lacking alcohol dehydrogenase activity. This has led us to enquire if the polymorphic alleles at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus (AdhF and AdhS), which code for enzymes with different activities, affect survival on low concentrations of ethanol. Flies were kept in sealed glass chambers containing either 2 per cent ethanol or distilled water. In four experiments, comprising a total of 126 replicates, the proportion of surviving FF flies, relative to SS, was greater on ethanol than on water. In two experiments the excess was highly significant. It appears that FF flies are better able than SS to use ethanol as food. Our results support the view that selection acts directly on the Adh polymorphism. PMID- 6790477 TI - Hybrid sterility in Drosophila simulans: relationships with the hybrid dysgenesis syndrome in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790478 TI - Quantitative measurement by microdensitometry of tyrosinase (dopa oxidase) development in whole small ascidian embryos. AB - Embryos of the ascidian, Ciona intestinalis, were fixed in either cold (5 degree C) 70% ethanol or cold absolute methanol during their tyrosinase development phase and incubated in buffered (pH 7.2) solutions of the enzyme substrate L dihydroxyphenylalanine. Optical density of the reaction product (melanin) was measured in the whole small embryos at 450 nm with a Vickers M85 scanning and integrating microdensitometer. The frequency distribution of the reaction density in embryos of a population was Gaussian, and the mean optical density in embryos samples (N = 25) increased linearly with incubation time when a saturation level of substrate was used. Absolute optical density units of dopa oxidase activity in embryos increased linearly in proportion to the development time preceding melanin granulogenesis thereby suggesting that the enzyme activity measured by this procedure is proportional to the amount of tyrosinase present. Since this developmental increase in activity was blocked by treatment of the embryos with puromycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, the change is apparently caused by new enzyme synthesis. The microdensitometry assay also confirmed results obtained previously with a radiometric assay: embryos cleavage-inhibited at 7 h development time with cytochalasin B to produce giant melanocytes developed only the same amount of enzyme activity as control embryos. PMID- 6790479 TI - Quantitative histochemical investigations of semipermeable membrane techniques for the assay of acid phosphatase in skeletal muscle. I. Meijer's method. PMID- 6790481 TI - Treatment of severe diabetes mellitus with continuous low-dose infusion of insulin. PMID- 6790480 TI - Serological, functional, and immunochemical characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MoAb Q2/70) to human Ia-like antigens. AB - Serological and immunochemical studies showed that monoclonal antibody Q2/70 (MoAb Q2/70), produced by the hybridoma technique, is specific for human Ia-like antigens. This antibody recognizes an antigenic determinant which is different from those defining the serologic polymorphism of Ia-like antigens, and is expressed on subsets of human Ia-like molecules and on lymphoid cells from other species. MoAb Q2/70 inhibits unidirectional MLRs* between allogenic human lymphocytes, but not between murine and human lymphocytes. In ADCC* assays. MoAb Q2/70 mediates lysis of cultured human B lymphoid cells RPMI 4098, effected by murine splenocytes. The antibody is suitable to isolate immunologically functional B lymphocytes from human peripheral blood. PMID- 6790482 TI - "Horns" on a 6MeV linear accelerator. PMID- 6790483 TI - Intracavitary dosimetry: a comparison of MGHR prescription to doses at points A and B in cervical cancer. PMID- 6790484 TI - A comparison of photon dosages behind high and low Z shielding blocks in electron fields. PMID- 6790485 TI - Hypercapnic stimulation of respiratory activity in unanesthetized fetal sheep in utero. AB - Respiratory responses to hypercapnia were studied in seven chronic in utero fetal lambs between 105 and 138 days' gestation (16 expts). Fetal arterial CO2 tension was raised (mean increase 9.9 Torr) by altering maternal inspired gas concentrations. Diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMG) was recorded as the index of respiratory activity. Electrocortical and electroocular activity (3 fetuses) were monitored in an attempt to define sleep state. Average respiratory rate increased (90%) and fetal apnea decreased (60%) during hypercapnia. Mean respiratory rate during "on" periods (greater than 6 EMG bursts/min) increased significantly during hypercapnia throughout the gestational epoch studied. Mean duration of the inspiratory time (TI) showed no significant change. Variability in both rate and TI decreased in response to CO2 at all gestations. Integrated EMG activity per burst divided by TI increased significantly at all gestations; however, no gestational increase in responsiveness to CO2 was seen. Sleep states were not able to be consistently identified, and a quantifiable electrocortical response to CO2 was not observed. These results indicate a relatively early functional maturation of fetal respiratory responses to CO2. PMID- 6790486 TI - Ventilation in exercise studied with circulatory occlusion. AB - Five male subjects exercised on a cycle ergometer (100 W) for 8 min; circulation to the legs was occluded by cuffs during the first 2 and last 2 min. Ventilation (VE), oxygen intake (VO2), and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) were measured breath by breath. Repeat studies were used to follow arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) and rebreathing mixed venous PCO2 (PVCO2). The results were compared to studies without cuffing, but which were otherwise identical. The initial period of cuffing was associated with marked hyperpnea, high VE/VCO2 ratio, and low PaCO2 and PVCO2. Following release of occlusion at the end of the first 2 min, there was an immediate fall in VE, followed by an increase after an average of 12 s. VE/VCO2 fell and end-tidal PCO2 rose after 4-5 s and reached control values after 12 s. Studies during rebreathing established that CO2 reached the lungs from the legs 4-5 s after release of occlusion, and control PVCO2 was reached after 12 s. Repeated occlusion for the final 2 min of exercise was associated with hyperpnea of similar degree to the initial occlusion. An identical study performed in a patient with absent ventilatory response to CO2 and reduced ventilatory response to exercise showed normal hyperventilatory response to cuffing but did not show an increase in ventilation associated with the arrival of CO2 in the lungs, following release of occlusion. The studies confirmed the importance of CO2 in mediating rapid changes in ventilation during exercise. PMID- 6790487 TI - Effect of quiet sleep on resting and CO2-stimulated breathing in humans. AB - We examined the effects of different levels of inspired CO2 on ventilation and the pattern of breathing in healthy adults during the awake and the stage II quiet-sleep states. During both states, subjects were studied supine with their heads enclosed in a canopy. Tidal volume (VT) was determined from quantitative measurements of abdominal and rib cage excursions with magnetometers. Inspired CO2 was raised by blending CO2-enriched gas into the airflow, which continuously flushed the canopy. During sleep, while room air was breathed, VT decreased significantly from 410 to 360 ml, and respiratory rate also fell from 17 to 16 breaths/min. As a consequence, ventilation was significantly reduced from 6.5 to 5.8 l/min, and end-tidal CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) rose from 39.1 to 42.5 Torr. Ventilatory responses to CO2 were reduced, on the average, during sleep to 79% of waking levels. The change in average inspiratory flow produced by CO2 was also less during sleep. Waking and sleeping ventilatory responses to CO2 correlated inversely with the rise in end-tidal PCO2 when room air was breathed during sleep. At all levels of VT, the rib cage contribution to VT was greater during quiet sleep than during wakefulness. These findings suggest that quiet sleep, in addition to depressing ventilation and the response to CO2 alters the manner in which VT is attained by rib cage and abdominal displacements. PMID- 6790488 TI - Changes in acid-base balance of chick embryos exposed to a He or SF6 atmosphere. AB - On day 16 of the chick embryo, a catheter was implanted in the allantoic vein carrying arterialized blood, and a syringe was attached to the blunt end of the shell connecting to the air cell. This technique allowed for repetitive sampling and analysis of air cell gas and arterialized blood when these eggs were exposed to a He-O2 or SF6-O2 atmosphere. Exposure to He-O2 reduced the arterial CO2 tension(PaCO2) from 36 to 17 Torr and increased pH by 0.17 units; exposure to SF6 O2 increased PaCO2 from 37 to 62 Torr and reduced the pH by 0.14 units. These responses were brought about by changes in the gas conductance of the shell, resulting in a diffusive hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis in He-O2 and a diffusive hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis in SF6-O2. During a 4-h exposure to these foreign gases the observed pH changes were smaller than predicted because of marked shifts of HCO3- into the blood (SF6-O2) or out of the blood (He O2). PMID- 6790489 TI - Computer simulation of experiments in responses to intravenous and inhaled CO2. AB - A simulation of ventilatory responses to infused and inhaled CO2 at controlled cardiac output and high and low levels of neural excitation mimics comparable experiments in animals. The model suggests that at low levels of endogenous and exogenous CO2 load the alert quiescent animal will show hyperpnea to both test states associated with hypercapnia. The nonalert quiescent animal simulated will show an isocapnic response to endogenous load and hypercapnic response to exogenous load. The explanation of this behavior lies in the model formulation, which allows the neural signal from metabolically active sources to drive the proportional component of the controller below an operating level established by its set point. By this reasoning the excited but metabolically inactive animal should be paradoxically less sensitive to small changes in CO2, whether exogenous or endogenous, than the quiescent animal. The model demonstrates further that a neural "exercise" signal in proportion to venous return better simulates observations in which CO2 load and venous return are dissociated than one in which the neural signal is computed from metabolism. The use of delta V/delta P slopes as estimates of sensitivity go awry in experiment and simulation when blood flow, CO2 level, and neural excitatory state are dissociated. This is particularly true when the organism is operating at and below the hypothesized set point. PMID- 6790491 TI - Measurement of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production rates by a tracer bolus method. AB - A new method for measuring oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production is described. The method is based on the injection of a helium bolus into the inspired gas for repeated breaths; the helium can be delivered through the mouth or through a nostril (the injection system being controlled by the integrated flow signal or by the signal of a thermistor, respectively). Compared with the conventional gas-collection technique, the tracer-bolus method allows more rapid and frequent measurements. The method does not necessarily require an airtight respiratory circuit, so that it can be conveniently applied in less cooperative subjects, including children. The results of validation studies based on a comparison with the standard gas-collection technique are presented; these results indicate that the measurements by the tracer-bolus method are accurate in normal subjects. In patients with obstructive lung disease, the determinations are associated with a systematic error, which is expected, the tracer-bolus method being based on a single-compartment, uniformly ventilated and perfused lung model; the error is, however, predictable from the degree of functional impairment and can be corrected using equations based on routine pulmonary function tests. PMID- 6790490 TI - Effects of dopamine on chemoreflexes in breathing. AB - The effects of intravenous infusion of dopamine (20 microgram.min) on the steady state ventilatory and carotid chemoreceptor responses to successive levels of isocapnic hypoxia and hyperoxic hypercapnia were investigated in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. Dopamine infusion was followed by a maximal decrease in ventilation in about 20 s. Thereafter, the effect diminished and stabilized. Termination of dopamine infusion was promptly followed by an increase in ventilation. These ventilatory responses were smaller than the corresponding carotid chemoreceptor responses. The steady-state effect of dopamine infusion was to diminish ventilation at all levels of arterial O2 tension, the decrease being greater during hypoxia than that during hyperoxia. Bilateral section of the carotid sinus nerves significantly diminished but did not abolish the inhibitory effect of dopamine on ventilation during hyperoxia. Thus the ventilatory depression due to dopamine infusion is not entirely due to its effect on the carotid chemoreceptors. Dopamine decreased ventilatory responses to successive levels of hypercapnia by the same magnitude without changing the slope of the response curves. The steady-state relationship between chemoreceptor activity and ventilation shows that the ventilatory equivalent for carotid chemoreceptor activity is increased during dopamine infusion because of its greater inhibitory effect on carotid chemoreceptor activity than on ventilation with the decrease of arterial O2 tension. PMID- 6790493 TI - On chemoreceptor control of ventilatory responses to CO2 in unanesthetized ducks. AB - Using cross perfusion between pairs of animals we examined the effects of increases in arterial CO2 tension (Paco2) at pulmonary, carotid body, and central chemoreceptors on ventilation in unanesthetized, spontaneously breathing White Pekin ducks. By adjusting the level of inspired CO2 of either the experimental or donor animals it was possible to manipulate Paco2 at any one or combination of the receptor groups. Stimulation of central chemosensitive areas alone was three to four times more effective in increasing both frequency and minute ventilation (Ve) than stimulation of the carotid bodies alone. Increases in tidal volume were small in both instances. Increasing PCO2 in the pulmonary circulation of an innervated lung, independent of changes in Paco2 at the carotid body or head, had no effect on VE. We conclude that central chemoreceptors play the major role in a steady-state response of awake ducks to CO2 while the carotid bodies play a smaller but still significant role. The intrapulmonary chemoreceptors play no role in the response per se although their inhibition by high airway CO2 causes marked effects on the pattern of breathing PMID- 6790492 TI - Oleic acid dose-related edema in isolated canine lung perfused at constant pressure. AB - Fatty acid embolism of the lung results in pulmonary edema. Isolated lung lobes ventilated and blood perfused at constant pressure were treated with 1 (n = 6) or 45 microliter/kg body wt (n = 6 oleic acid or saline (n = 7). Lobe weight increase linearly over 1-3 h following oleic with regression slopes indicating a more rapid rate of weight gain at the higher oleic acid dosage. Total lobe weight gain was greater in the 45 than in the 1 microliter/kg group (0.60 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.31 +/- 0.07 g/g initial lobe wt) and greater in the acid-treated lobes than in the controls (0.13 +/- 0.05 g/g initial lobe wt). Pulmonary vascular resistance increased 79% after 45 microliter/kg oleic acid but appeared unchanged following 1 microliter/kg oleic acid or saline. The decrease in arterial O2 partial pressure was greater in the 45 microliter/kg group than in the controls, 47 vs 22 Torr. High vascular pressures and increased flow velocities in patent vessels are not essential for oleic acid-associated edema, since weight increased at constant pressure perfusion. Weight gain related to oleic acid dosage suggests that oleic acid increases permeability by affecting the vascular endothelium either directly or through biochemical intermediates endogenous to the lung or blood. PMID- 6790494 TI - Contribution of gas exchange to slope of phase III of the single-breath nitrogen test. AB - To study the influence of gas exchanges on the slope of phase III, single-breath nitrogen tests (SB-N2) and reversed tests (SB-R) were performed with 10 normal volunteers at expiratory flows of 100 ml.s-1, 500 ml.s-1,11.s-1, and 21.s-1. During the prolonged expiration required for the SB-N2 test, more O2 is consumed that CO2 eliminated. This factor could contribute to the rising slope of phase III. However, if one obtains a reversed slope of phase III (by having O2 as the residual gas and room air as the inspired gas), factors increasing N2 concentration with time of expiration should decrease the steepness of this reversed slope. Our data show that, at an expiratory flow of 100 ml.s-1, the slope of phase III was steeper in SB-N2 than in SB-R by 0.92 +/- 0.31% N2 1-1 (mean +/- SD, p less than 0.01). As the expiratory flow was increased to 500 ml.s 1, this difference decreased to 0.33 +/- 0.19% N2 1-1, and both slopes became similar in magnitude but opposite in direction at an expiratory flow of 1 1.s-1. These data suggest that active gas exchange has a significant influence on the slope of phase III of the SB-N2 test. PMID- 6790495 TI - In vivo evaluation of transcutaneous CO2 partial pressure monitoring. AB - Correlation between transcutaneous and arterial CO2 partial pressure (Ptcco2, and Paco2) under normal and hemorrhagic shock conditions was evaluated in rabbits. Under normal conditions the Paco2-to-Ptcco2 least-squares regression line had a slope of 1.03 an intercept of 4.57 Torr, and a root mean variance of +/- 3.79 Torr. Under hemorrhagic shock conditions the slope remained similar, but the intercept increased, producing a significant difference between arterial and transcutaneous values. The correlation line shifts to the left so that, for a given Paco2, the Ptcco2 value increases. The transcutaneous response time (90%) under conditions produced by breathing 10% CO2 lagged 2.8 +/- 1.4 min behind that of the breathing 10% CO2 lagged 2.8 +/- 1.4 min behind that of the Paco2. The difference between transcutaneous and arterial CO2 observed during hemorrhagic shock and the lag in transcutaneous response time can be altered by topical application of dimethyl sulfoxide, by altering both flow and permeability. These results indicate that good Ptcco2-to-Paco2 correlation exists under normal conditions and that hemorrhagic shock will produce tissue CO2 accumulation and therefore higher than arterial Ptcco2 values. PMID- 6790496 TI - Transport of water and solutes across bullfrog alveolar epithelium. AB - Water and solute transport properties of the alveolar epithelium of isolated bullfrog lungs were studied. Lungs from Rana catesbeiana were removed and mounted in an Ussing chamber. Unstirred layers on both sides of the tissue were estimated from the time courses of dilution potential development, and the measured transport parameters were corrected for the effect of the unstirred layers. Spontaneous potential difference, short-circuit current, tissue resistance, instantaneous voltage-current relationships, diffusional permeabilities of water and hydrophilic solutes, and hydraulic conductivities were determined. The hydraulic conductivity obtained from hydrostatically driven water flow anomalously decreased with time, and was initially 100 -1,000 times higher than osmotically determined hydraulic conductivity. The equivalent pore radius of the bullfrog alveolar epithelium was estimated to be 0.8-0.9 nm. We conclude that the alveolar epithelium is extremely tight, presenting a major barrier to water and solute flow. This high resistance to water and solute flow may be helpful in maintaining the alveolar lumen relatively free of fluid under normal physiological conditions. PMID- 6790497 TI - A control system for arterial blood gases. AB - A system was developed to control arterial O2 and CO2 partial pressure (Pao2, and Paco2) simultaneously and independently of each other. The system makes changes in inspired fractional concentration of O2 and CO2 based on values for end-tidal O2 and CO2 partial pressure. The system was applied in 23 normal subjects. In attempts to maintain a Pao2 of 90 Torr and a Paco2 of 40 Torr, arterial blood gases were 91.1 +/- 6.5 (SD) Torr for Pao2 and 41.2 +/- 3.2 Torr for Paco2. In attempts to maintain a Pao2 of 40 Torr and a Paco2 of 40 Torr, arterial blood gases were 40.4 +/- 3.9 Torr for Pao2 and 38.9 +/- 2.5 Torr for Paco2. In attempts to maintain a Pao2 of 90 Torr and a Paco2 of 55 Torr, arterial blood gases were 98.1 +/- 11.5 Torr for Pao2 and 52.8 +/- 3.4 Torr for Paco2. Coefficients of variations ranged from 7.1 to 11.7% for Pao2 and 6.4 to 7.8% for Paco2. PMID- 6790498 TI - Adenosine and the acid-base state of vascular smooth muscle. AB - Hog carotid artery media was incubated under conditions of normocapnia (95% O2-5% CO2) and hypercapnia (nominally 75% O2-25%CO2). The intracellular pH (pHi) was determined from the distribution of 14C-labeled 5,5-dimethyloxazoladine-2,4 dione, alpha- and beta-receptor antagonists were used to block the effects of endogenous catecholamines. With 5% CO2, adenosine had no effect on the pHi. High K+ (25mM) and dipyridamole (DPM) induced a cellular metabolic acidosis that was reversed by adenosine and not affected by 0.5 mM ca2+ or ouabain. Hypercapnia decreased the resting pHi from 7.30 to 6.79. Adenosine significantly attenuated this decrease. With high K+ or DPM, a similar degree of hypercapnia only depressed the pHi to 6.91 and 6.90, respectively. The alkalinizing effect of high K+ and DPM was not altered by 0.5 mM Ca2+, was partically reversed by ouabain, and was completely reversed by adenosine. These results suggest that, under normocapnic conditions, although adenosine relaxes the contraction associated with K+-depolarization, it does not do so by elevating cellular proton levels. However, adenosine may decrease a tissue's ability to attenuate a local respiratory acidosis characteristic of increased O2 demand, resulting in relaxation under hypercapnic conditions. In any case, this demonstrates an interaction, with respect to the acid-base state of the vascular smooth muscle cells, among adenosine, K+, and H+, all suggested components of the metabolic theory of blood flow autoregulation. PMID- 6790499 TI - Effect of CO2 set point on ventilatory response to exercise. AB - The ventilatory response to exercise was determined in seven normal adults during induced chronic metabolic acidosis, chronic metabolic alkalosis, and a control state. Incremental and constant-load exercise tests were performed in each condition on a cycle ergometer. Ventilation and gas exchange variables were determined breath by breath, and CO2 partial pressure (PCO2), pH, and HCO3 were determined from arterialized venous blood (Pa-VCO2). During chronic metabolic acidosis PaVCO2 was lower than control (36.3 +/- 2.1 and 43.7 +/- 2.9 Torr, respectively) and during alkalosis it was elevated to 47.1 +/- 1.3 Torr. The new PCO2 levels caused by chronic acid-base alterations were unchanged during moderate exercise. The ventilatory response (VE) to the same metabolic rate increment was therefore larger (delta VE = 20.6 +/- 2.91/min) when PCO2 was lower than the control level (delta VE = 14.5 +/- 2.01/min. VE also increased more steeply in response to incremental exercise tests when PCO2 was reduced. Thus the hyperpnea of moderate exercise reflects the level at which arterial PCO2 is regulated at rest, as well as the metabolic load (VCO2). PMID- 6790500 TI - Asymmetric distribution of carbonic anhydrase in the alveolar-capillary barrier. AB - Pulmonary carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity was studied by injecting 0.5 ml of a buffered solution of NaH14CO3 and 3H2O into the distal airways of perfused rabbit lungs. The early recovery of 14C in the pulmonary venous outflow averaged 0.28 +/ 0.02 (SE) that of 3H under control circumstances. Incorporation of a CA inhibitor (20 mg/l acetazolamide) in the perfusate reduced 14C recovery relative to 3H by two-thirds, whereas this inhibitor had no effect when placed in the airway injection fluid. Addition of 100 mg/l Ca to the perfusate did not increase 14C recovery, but addition of the enzyme to the bronchial fluid increased 14C recovery relative to 3H by a factor of more than 5. It is concluded that CA is associated with the endothelial side of the alveolar-capillary barrier but is absent on the airway surfaces. PMID- 6790501 TI - Ventilation during prolonged hypercapnia in the rat. AB - Awake rats, with chronically implanted arterial catheters and abdominal thermistors, were continuously exposed to 5 or 7% CO2 in air in an environmental chamber for up to 3 wk. To obtain measurements, rats were transferred to a body plethysmograph flushed with the same CO2 mixture, and, after stabilization, O2 consumption (Vo2), ventilation (VE), and arterial blood gases (ABG) were determined. After 2-h exposure, VE, tidal volume/inspiratory time (VT/TI), and VO2 were significantly increased. Thereafter, VE and VT/TI fell gradually with time, the largest decrease occurring within the 1st day of exposure. The increase in VO2 was maintained up to 3 days and then declined. ABG revealed extensive metabolic compensation for respiratory acidosis within 3-7 days. delta(VT/TI) correlated well with delta VE and delta [HCO3]a (P less than 0.05). It is likely that the gradual return toward normal pHa reduces ventilatory drive (VT/TI), which in turn lowers VE. Estimated alveolar ventilation did not decrease consistently with time in parallel with VE, suggesting that the early ventilatory overshoot might also be due to an increase in dead space. PMID- 6790502 TI - Nonelectrolyte permeability of canine tracheal epithelium. AB - We examined the nonelectrolyte permeability characteristics of canine tracheal epithelium in vitro and confirmed that the transepithelial potential difference was 26.3 +/- 2.2 mV, lumen negative. Exposure of the epithelium to a sucrose osmotic load resulted in a streaming potential (SP); a linear relationship was noted between osmotic load and SP. The presence of an osmotic load did not change the short-circuit current and the SP disappeared after removal of the osmotic load. The SP developed with urea, thiourea, D-xylose, and l-glycine were similar to the SP developed for equimolar concentrations of sucrose. The urea and insulin spaces were similar magnitude. When the bulk phase was stirred at 600 rpm, the effective thickness of the unstirred water layer (UWL) external to the epithelial surface was 144 +/- 12 micron. These results support the suggestion that the Staverman reflection coefficients (sigma) of these probe molecules are similar, the estimates of sigma are valid despite the presence of an UWL, and the tracheobronchial epithelium has a pore size smaller than the hydrodynamic radius of urea. PMID- 6790503 TI - Effects of temperature on acid-base balance and ventilation in desert iguanas. AB - The effects of constant and changing temperatures on blood acid-base status and pulmonary ventilation were studied in the eurythermal lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Constant temperatures between 18 and 42 degrees C maintained for 24 h or more produced arterial pH changes of -0.0145 U X degrees C-1. Arterial CO2 tension (PCO2) increased from 9.9 to 32 Torr plasma [HCO-3] and total CO2 contents remained constant at near 19 and 22 mM, respectively. Under constant temperature conditions, ventilation-gas exchange ratios (VE/MCO2 and VE/MO2) were inversely related to temperature and can adequately explain the changes in arterial PCO2 and pH. During warming and cooling between 25 and 42 degrees C arterial pH, PCO2 [HCO-3], and respiratory exchange ratios (MCO2/MO2) were similar to steady-state values. Warming and cooling each took about 2 h. During the temperature changes, rapid changes in lung ventilation following steady-state patterns were seen. Blood relative alkalinity changed slightly with steady-state or changing body temperatures, whereas calculated charge on protein histidine imidazole was closely conserved. Cooling to 17-18 degrees C resulted in a transient respiratory acidosis correlated with a decline in the ratio VE/MCO2. After 12-24 h at 17-18 degrees C, pH, PCO2, and VE returned to steady-state values. The importance of thermal history of patterns of acid-base regulation in reptiles is discussed. PMID- 6790504 TI - Respiratory muscle fatigue during cardiogenic shock. AB - The effect of cardiogenic shock (tamponade) on respiratory muscles performance was studied in 13 dogs breathing spontaneously. These 13 dogs were compared with 7 dogs artificially ventilated and paralyzed. Cardiac output amounted in both groups to 25-35% of the control value and was maintained constant. None of the dogs were hypoxic. All the spontaneously breathing dogs died on the average 140 +/- 15 min after the onset of cardiogenic shock, whereas the seven dogs artificially ventilated were all alive after 3 h and then killed. Death in the spontaneously breathing dogs was secondary to respiratory failure. Transdiaphragmatic pressure increased during the 1st h by 152 +/- 25% of control and then decreased by 286 +/- 18% in relation to the peak value before the death of the animals. No major changes in the mechanical properties of the respiratory system occurred. The decrease in transdiaphragmatic pressure occurred despite a marked increase per breath in the amplitude of the integrated electrical activity of the diaphragm and of the phrenic nerve. It is concluded that the ventilatory failure of cardiogenic shock is due to an impairment of the contractile process of the respiratory muscles. Artificial ventilation avoids respiratory failure and prolongs survival, which may bear important therapeutic implications. PMID- 6790505 TI - Low-dose intramuscular insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis in dogs. AB - Seven dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis were treated initially with lactated Ringer's solution or 0.45% NaCl solution subcutaneously or intravenously and low doses of regular (crystalline) insulin administered intramuscularly every hour until the blood glucose concentration decreased to less than 250 mg/dl. For dogs weighing less than or equal to 10 kg, the initial dose was 2 units and the hourly doses were 1 unit. For dogs weighing greater than 10 kg, the initial dosage was 0.25 units/kg of body weight, and the dosage for hourly injections was 0.1 units/kg. The mean hourly decrease of the blood glucose concentration for all 7 dogs was 87.6 mg/dl. The mean period of treatment required was 4.1 hours. Late hypoglycemia did not develop in any dog, but the serum potassium concentration decreased 0.4 to 1.0 mEq/L. The results suggested that low-dose intramuscular regular insulin therapy for treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis is an effective alternative to conventional regular insulin therapy in dogs. PMID- 6790506 TI - Ro 13-9904 and GR 20263, two new cephalosporins with broad-spectrum activity: an in vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6790507 TI - N-formimidoyl-thienamycin a novel beta-lactam: an in-vitro comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6790508 TI - A few clinical statistical observations on the use of Solganal-B-Oleosum n bronchial asthma. AB - In my clinic, Solganal-B-Oleosum was administered to the patients with bronchial asthma from 1955 up to 1973, covering a period of 19 years, and statistical observation has been done. Several clinical results are presented. 1) In 1,056 cases, markedly improved 40.8%, improved 32.8%; clinically effective ratio: total 73.6%. Others: a few somewhat improved and unimproved cases, then inconsiderable aggravated cases. 2) The longer the period from the age of onset to the beginning of treatment, the lower the efficiency; the shorter the period, the higher the efficiency. 3) The group of light severity revealed high efficiency; and according to the grade of severity the efficiency decreased. 4) Sex, age, age of onset, disposition of asthma, etc., resulted in no clear relation to the effectiveness. 5) Side effect revealed 2.3% skin eruption, and then a few cases of proteinuria, stomatitis, gingivitis, etc. There was no case of severe, critical disorder. 6) In other cases, long-term effectiveness after finishing the Solganal treatment was pursued. A trial of additional injection for several years after finishing the treatment was also studied. Serum gold concentrations in the course and after finishing the main course etc., were measured. PMID- 6790509 TI - Blood gas studies in status asthmaticus. PMID- 6790510 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6790511 TI - Anthrax meningitis, a rare clinical entity. PMID- 6790512 TI - Selective IgG deficiency (a case report). PMID- 6790513 TI - Isolation and genetic characterization of toxin-deficient mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. AB - Two independently derived, exotoxin A-deficient (Tox- phenotype), nitroso guanidine-induced mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were isolated by using sensitive immunological assays. One mutant, designated PAOT10, was detected as a colony which failed to produce a halo of immunoprecipitation in an antiserum-agar assay. The other mutant (PAOT20) was independently isolated and was detected by a negative reaction in a staphylococcal coagglutination assay with protein A containing staphylococci and affinity-purified antibodies. Both mutants produced parental levels of extracellular protein. However, whereas the qualitative and quantitative compositions of proteins produced by PAOT20 were indistinguishable from those of the parental strain as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and measurement of extracellular protease, there were marked differences between PAOT10 and the parental strain. The mutation in PAOT10 (tox-1) as mapped by linkage analysis was located between trp 6 and proA. In contrast, linkage analysis and cotransduction placed the mutation in PAOT20 (tox-2), very near trp-6. Data are presented which suggest that tox-1 and tox-2 are regulatory loci. PMID- 6790514 TI - Dihydroxy and monohydroxy fatty acids in Legionella pneumophila. AB - Five strains of Legionella pneumophila were examined for the presence of hydroxy fatty acid. The cellular distribution of the fatty acids was also determined, as was the variation of hydroxy acid production on five growth media. The strains tested all produced approximately 5 mol% of hydroxy fatty acid, most of which was found in the nonextractable, alkali-stable, acid-labile (wall-associated, amide linked) fraction. Three major hydroxy acids were found, along with several minor components. The major hydroxy acids were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectrophotometry. These compounds were tentatively identified as 3-hydroxy-12-methyltridecanoate, 3 hydroxy-n-eicosanoate, and a novel dihydroxy acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-12 methyltridecanoate. The total amount of hydroxy acid produced, as well as the profile of the hydroxy acids, remained relatively unchanged with respect to strain and growth medium. PMID- 6790515 TI - Developmentally regulated transcription in a cloned segment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. AB - We describe a model system for studying developmentally regulated transcription during spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. This model system is a cloned cluster of genes known as 0.4 kb, ctc, and veg from the purA-cysA region of the B. subtilis chromosome. Each gene exhibited a distinct pattern of transcription in cells growing in glucose medium and in cells deprived of nutrients in sporulation medium. The 0.4 kb gene was transcribed at a low level in growing cells but was actively transcribed during nutrient deprivation in sporulation medium. This ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was dependent upon the products of five B. subtilis genes that are involved in the initiation of spore formation:spo0A, spo0A, spo0E, spo0F, and spo0H. A mutation in any one of these regulatory genes severely restricted transcription of the 0.4 kb sequence. Transcription of the ctc gene was also turned on by nutrient deprivation, but this RNA synthesis was not impaired in spo0 mutants. Although not under spo0 control, the ctc gene probably corresponds to a locus, spoVC, whose product is required at a late stage of sporulation. Finally, the veg gene was actively transcribed both in growing cells and in nutrient-deprived cells. Like ctc RNA synthesis, transcription of the veg gene was not dependent upon the spo0 gene products. We propose that the spo0A, spo0B, spo0E, spo0F, and spo0H gene products are components of a pathway(s) that senses nutrient deprivation in B. subtilis and translates this environmental signal into the transcriptional activation of a subset of developmental genes. PMID- 6790516 TI - A cloned gene that is turned on at an intermediate stage of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cells of Bacillus subtilis synthesize a relatively long-lived ribonucleic acid (RNA) of about 300 bases during the course of spore formation. This transcript does not appear until an intermediate stage (III or IV) of development but is the predominant sporulation-specific transcript among RNAs of discrete size in late (stages IV to VI) developing cells. Appearance of the 300-base RNA is under sporulation control as this transcript could not be detected in cells of an early blocked sporulation mutant (Spo0A). We have located the coding sequence for the 300-base RNA within a cloned chromosomal segment from the purA-cysA region that was previously shown to contain a cluster of genes that are actively transcribed during sporulation. The coding sequence for the 300-base RNA (designated as the 0.3 kb gene) mapped between a gene (veg) that was actively transcribed during growth and development and a gene (0.4 kb) that was turned on at the onset of sporulation. Although clustered within a small segment of the chromosome, the veg, 0.3 kb, and 0.4 kb transcription units exhibited, therefore, distinct patterns of temporally programmed gene expression. Models for the activation of the 0.3 kb gene at an intermediate stage of development are discussed. PMID- 6790517 TI - Effect of oxygen on acetylene reduction by photosynthetic bacteria. AB - The effect of dissolved oxygen concentration on nitrogenase activity was studied in three species of photosynthetic bacteria. The O2 concentration in the cell suspension was measured with an O2 electrode inserted into the reaction vessel. Acetylene reduction by whole cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Rhodospirillum rubrum, and Chromatium vinosum strain D was inhibited 50% by 0.73, 0.32, and 0.26 microM O2, respectively. The inhibition of the activity by O2 in R. capsulata usually was reversed completely by reestablishing anaerobic conditions. In R. rubrum and C. vinosum the inhibition was only partially reversible. The respiration rate of R. capsulata was the highest of the three, that of R. rubrum was intermediate, and that of C. vinosum was lowest. R. capsulata and R. rubrum cells were broken after their acetylene reduction activity in vivo had been completely inhibited by O2, and nitrogenase was found to be active in vitro. A concentration of cyanide that did not affect acetylene reduction activity, but which inhibited 75 to 90% of the O2 uptake by whole cells of R. capsulata, shifted the O2 concentration causing 50% inhibition of nitrogenase activity from 0.73 microM to 2.03 microM. These results are in accordance with the assumption that within a limited range of O2 concentrations, the respiratory activity of the cells is enough to scavenge the O2 and to keep the interior of the cells essentially anaerobic. It is suggested that O2 inhibits nitrogenase activity by competing for a limited supply of electrons. When cyanide is present, respiration is slower but is adequate to keep the nitrogenase environment in the cell anaerobic. The lower respiration rate may allow a greater proportion of the electrons to be used for acetylene reduction. PMID- 6790518 TI - Effects of beta-lactam antibiotics on peptidoglycan synthesis in growing Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including changes in the degree of O-acetylation. AB - Low concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics caused an increased uptake of radioactive glucosamine into the sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble peptidoglycan of growing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There was no appreciable change in the (small) amount of sodium dodecyl sulfate-soluble polymer present in the cultures. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble product in control cells was only partially dissolved by egg-white lysozyme (about 40%), but could all be released by the Chalaropsis B muramidase. In cells exposed to beta-lactams the proportion of labeled peptidoglycan susceptible to lysozyme increased to 60%. Examination of the Chalaropsis B digests by thin-layer chromatography showed that they contained disaccharide-peptide monomers with and without O-acetylation and bis-disaccharide peptide dimers with one or two O-acetyl groups, or with none. beta-Lactam antibiotics caused a decrease in the degree of O-acetylation but did not greatly affect the amount of peptidoglycan cross-linking. They also had the effect of enlarging the bacteria and conserving and thickening the septa that could be observed in thin sections under the electron microscope. The relationship between these results and the effects of beta-lactams on in vitro synthesis of peptidoglycan by ether-treated N. gonorrhoeae is discussed. PMID- 6790519 TI - A Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant non-derepressible for orthophosphate-regulated proteins. AB - Using a rapid screening assay based on the hydrolysis of p nitrophenylphosphorylcholine, we isolated several mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in the production of phospholipase C. One, designated strain A50N, was also markedly deficient in the synthesis of alkaline phosphatase and several unidentified extracellular proteins. Because strain A50N produces these proteins under conditions of derepression at levels equal to those produced by the parental strain PAO1 grown in medium containing excess phosphate, it appears to have a mutation in a genetic element involved in the derepression of phosphate repressible proteins. PMID- 6790521 TI - Lipid intermediate in the synthesis of the linkage unit that joins teichoic acid to peptidoglycan in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Membranes from Bacillus subtilis W23 synthesized a lipid precursor of the linkage unit that attaches teichoic acid to the cell wall. It contained glycerophosphoryl N-acetylglucosamine, linked through an acid-labile bond to a lipid. PMID- 6790520 TI - Position of the lacZX90 mutation and hybridization between complete and incomplete beta-galactosidase. AB - The position of the termination codon in lacZX90 was determined by isolation of a lac+ revertant. Lysine was found to replace tyrosine at position 1,012 of beta galactosidase, indicating that X90 protein lacked the carboxyl-terminal 10 residues. A heat- and urea-sensitive hybrid enzyme was formed in vivo when supC, which supplies tyrosine to the position in the polypeptide corresponding to the nonsense codon, was used to suppress lacZX90. This result shows that suppression that adds back the original amino acid may not lead to the production of the wild type enzyme if the latter is multimeric, because incomplete chains can be incorporated into the oligomer. PMID- 6790522 TI - Conversion of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid to an isomer of leukotriene C3, oxygenated at C-8. AB - Mouse mastocytoma cells stimulated with ionophore A23187 and dihomo-gamma linolenic acid produced a novel leukotriene which was characterized as 8-hydroxy 9-S-glutathionyl-10,12,14-eicosatrienoic acid (8,9-leukotriene C3). PMID- 6790523 TI - The glycosylceramidase in the murine intestine. Purification and substrate specificity. AB - The intestinal glycosylceramidase of the mouse which we reported previously as a taurodeoxycholate-activated galactosylceramidase (Kobayashi, T., and Suzuki, K. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1133-1137) has been purified to homogeneity. The enzyme gave a single band of a molecular weight of 130,000 in the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight estimated by Sepharose 4B or Sephadex G-200 gel filtration under nondenaturing conditions was 290,000 to 300,000. In the double immunodiffusion test, rabbit antiserum raised against the purified enzyme gave a single precipitin band against the enzyme, but no cross-reactivity was observed against the brain or kidney galactosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.46). The purified enzyme was active toward 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D galactoside, beta-D-glucoside, beta-D-xyloside, beta-D-fucoside, and alpha-L arabinoside. Among potential glycolipid substrates, the enzyme was active, in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate, toward galactosylceramide, glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, galactosylsphingosine, and glucosylsphingosine. It was inactive toward GM1 ganglioside, asialo-GM1 ganglioside, desialylated fetuin, and desialylated transferrin. Among disaccharides, the enzyme showed the highest catalytic activity toward lactose (18.9 mumol/min/mg of protein) and the lowest toward galactose beta (1 leads to 4)-N-acetylglucosamine (0.06 mumol/min/mg of protein). Galactose beta (1 leads to 6)-N-acetylglucosamine was not hydrolyzed. Phlorizin was also a substrate for the enzyme. PMID- 6790524 TI - Purification of Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Ts. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the activity of Euglena gracilis chloroplast elongation factor Ts is regulated by light and the gene for this factor is nuclear coded (Fox, L., Erion, J., Tarnowski, J., Spremulli, L., Brot, N., and Weissbach, H., J. Biol. Chem. (1980) 255, 6018-6019). Chloroplast elongation factor Ts has been purified to near homogeneity from E. gracilis extracts prepared from light-grown cells. It is composed of a single polypeptide chain of approximately 62,000 daltons. It interacts stoichiometrically with Escherichia coli elongation factor Tu to form an elongation factor Tu.elongation factor Ts complex. PMID- 6790525 TI - Quantitative isolation of oligo- and polyadenosine-diphosphoribosylated proteins by affinity chromatography from livers of normal and dimethylnitrosamine-treated Syrian hamsters. In vivo and in vitro metabolism of the homopolymer. AB - Polyadenosine- and adenosine-diphosphoribosylated proteins of hamster liver were quantitatively isolated with the aid of m-aminophenyl boronic acid glutaryl hydrazide polyacrylamide affinity resin by selective adsorption at pH 8.2 and elution at pH 4.0. Polymer-free proteins, DNA, and RNA are readily separated from adenosine-diphosphoribosylated proteins. The total quantity of proteins that is covalently modified by the homopolymer is 14.3 micrograms/mg of DNA or 37.4 micrograms/g of liver in controls and 38.7 micrograms/mg of DNA or 116 micrograms/g of liver in dimethylnitrosamine-treated hamsters. Polymer content increases from 9 to 15 nmol/mg of DNA to 42 to 118 nmol/mg of DNA following treatment with dimethylnitrosamine. Pulse labeling with [14C]ribose results in a parallel doubling in dimethylnitrosamine-treated animals of the specific activities of adenosine- diphosphoribose and NAD+ and of the [14C]ribose content of polyadenosine-diphosphoribose of chain length between 20 and 40, indicating chain elongation of pre-existing larger polymers. Two groups of proteins that are isolated as polyadenosine-diphosphoribose adducts are increased significantly after treatment with dimethylnitrosamine, one minor component of a mass between 100-112 X 10(3) daltons, and a major group exhibiting a mass of 158-162 X 10(3) daltons. Polyadenosine-diphosphoribose synthetase activity of isolated hepatic nuclei is increased by 32-37% after dimethylnitrosamine treatment, and since the change in glycohydrolase activity is negligible relative to the increase in synthetase, the augmentation of polyadenosine-diphosphoribosylated proteins can be explained by the increased synthetase of nuclei. The molecular size distribution of DNA in liver nuclei of control and dimethylnitrosamine-treated hamsters is indistinguishable. PMID- 6790526 TI - The continuous growth of vertebrate cells in the absence of sugar. PMID- 6790527 TI - Polydispersity of proteoglycans synthesized by chondrocytes from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. AB - The population of proteoglycan monomers in aggregates was purified from chondrocyte cultures after labeling with either [3H]serine and [35S]methionine or [3H]serine and [35S]sulfate. Digestion of the monomers labeled with [3H]serine and [35S]methionine with trypsin indicated that serine was enriched (approximately 80%) in the chondroitin sulfate attachment region of the core protein, while methionine was enriched (approximately 60%) in the hyaluronic acid binding region. Sepharose CL-2B chromatography and velocity gradients were used to isolate monomer subfractions which differed in molecular size. The 3H/35S ratios for the subfractions from monomers labeled with [3H]serine and [35S]methionine were nearly constant, indicating that the core protein lengths were constant regardless of the size of the monomer. Conversely, the 3H/35S ratios for subfractions of monomers labeled with [3H]serine and [35S]sulfate increased significantly with decreasing sizes. Chondroitin sulfate chains in subfractions were released by alkaline borohydride treatment. The mean molecular weights of the chondroitin sulfate chains decreased from approximately 18,500 in the largest subclass of monomers to approximately 12,500 in the smallest. [3H]Serine-labeled monomer subfractions were digested with papain to determine the proportion of serine residues substituted with chondroitin sulfate. The distribution of label was constant for greater than 90% of the monomers from the largest to the smallest. The results indicate that, for at least 90% of the newly synthesized monomers that are able to aggregate, variation in chondroitin sulfate chain size is the only contributing factor to polydispersity in their molecular size. PMID- 6790528 TI - Surprising differences in substrate selectivity and other properties of systems A and ASC between rat hepatocytes and the hepatoma cell line HTC. AB - We find that the two wide-range Na+-dependent transport systems A and ASC for various neutral amino acid can be discriminated more sharply in the hepatoma cell line HTC than in any cell yet studied by us in which the two systems co-exist. The gain comes partly from a higher reproducibility and a higher relative ASC rate for HTC than in ordinary rat hepatocytes, also a repressed condition of System A unless first deprived of amino acids, but mainly from our finding that in the hepatoma cell threonine serves as a nearly specific substrate and inhibitor of System ASC, thus decisively supplementing older discriminatory techniques. In ordinary hepatocytes cysteine is quite specific to ASC as a substrate but not as an inhibitor, whereas threonine is specific in neither role. In the hepatoma cell cysteine in turn is specific in neither role. In addition to these and other differences between the two cells in analog specificity, which are partly assignable to System ASC and partly to System A, System ASC of the hepatoma cell shows an inhibition on lowering the pH from 6.5 to 5 not seen in the ordinary hepatocyte. Furthermore, threonine uptake by the hepatoma cell undergoes no stimulation when Li+ is substituted for choline in a Na+-free medium, whereas ASC uptake by the ordinary rat hepatocyte is stimulated much as is System A uptake. As in other occurrences, and in contrast to System A, ASC transport in the hepatoma cell is stimulated neither by amino acid deprivation nor by insulin, glucagon, or dexamethasone. Trans-stimulation, both inward and outward, via System ASC is vigorous in the hepatoma cell. Despite the surprising differences observed, common features of each system in various occurrences continue to justify the use of the abbreviations ASC and A as long as they are understood as generic designations. PMID- 6790529 TI - A minor component of the binding of [3H]guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate to cardiac membranes associated with the activation of adenylate cyclase. AB - Incubation of a preparation of cardiac plasma membranes with 20 microM (--) isoproterenol and 1 microM guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) results in prolonged and maximal activation of adenylate cyclase and prolonged binding of [3H]Gpp(NH)p to the membranes. The total number of [3H]Gpp(NH)p sites must exceed those required for enzyme activation (N-sites) since the rate of binding is much slower than the rate of activation. Attempts to measure the amount of [3H]Gpp(NH)p released from N-sites during incubation of membranes with isoproterenol and GTP were frustrated by limited (about 20%) reversal of binding and of enzyme activation. However, the amount of [3H]-Gpp(NH)p bound to membranes could be reduced by preincubating them in a concentration of App(NH)p (0.1-0.5 mM) which does not interact with the N-site and most of the [3H]Gpp(NH)p subsequently bound could be removed by further incubation of the membranes with EDTA, propranolol, and Gpp(NH)p. Under these conditions, full enzyme activation was retained and was associated with residual bound [3H]Gpp(NH)p of about 0.3 pmol/mg of protein. This amount equals the concentration of beta-adrenoreceptors; and the rate and Kd (0.22 microM) for the binding residual [3H]-Gpp(NH)p approximate the rate and Ka for enzyme activation. The rate of enzyme activation and [3H]-Gpp(NH)p binding to the residual component was increased in the presence of isoproterenol. Competition binding studies for the residual component revealed that Gpp(NH)p congruent to GTP greater than GDP greater than GMP. The results suggest that residual [3H]Gpp(NH)p binding is to the adenylate cyclase-coupled guanine nucleotide binding protein. PMID- 6790530 TI - Endogenous lectin from chick embryo skeletal muscle is not involved in myotube formation in vitro. AB - Antisera against a beta-D-galactoside-specific lectin purified to homogeneity from embryonic chick thigh muscle and from adult chicken livers were raised in rabbits. The sera contained antibodies which strongly inhibited the hemagglutinin activity of the lectin. Immune and preimmune [125I]IgG and [125I]Fab preparations were tested for ability to bind to monolayers of cultured chick myoblasts and showed no significant differences in binding. Thus, we were unable to detect the lectin on the cell surface. When added to myoblast cultures, the purified lectin had no influence on the process of myoblast fusion. Furthermore, neither anti lectin IgG nor Fab fragments interfered with myotube formation when present at high concentration in fusing cultures. On the basis of these results, we conclude that intercellular interactions between the lectin and complementary cell surface receptors do not play a role in myoblast adhesion and fusion in vitro. PMID- 6790531 TI - Mouse liver glutathione S-transferases. Biochemical and immunological characterization. AB - Three major forms of cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (designated F1, F2, and F3 transferases according to increasing isoelectric points) were purified to homogeneity from liver of DBA/2J mice, primarily by CM-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzymes were shown to have specific activities of 104, 281, and 143 units/mg, respectively, when assayed with 1 mM each of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and reduced glutathione. Antisera against these three forms of mouse transferase were raised separately in rabbits. F1 and F2 transferases showed complete immunological identity either by double immunodiffusion or enzyme immunoinactivation tests. No cross-reactivity was observed between the antisera to F1 (or F2) transferase an F3 transferase or between the antisera to F3 transferase and F1 (or F2) transferase. F1 and F2 transferases were shown to be homodimers with an identical molecular weight of 44,000 +/- 1,000, whereas F3 transferase has a dimeric molecular weight of 51,000 +/- 2,000. The amino acid composition and tryptic peptide map of F1 transferase are similar to those of F2 transferase, but are distinct from those of F3 transferase. In addition to these major forms, a minor form of mouse transferase (F4) with a high isoelectric point (greater than 9.5) was shown to be a mixture of interconvertible isomers of F2 and F3 transferase. Different forms of mouse transferase were studied extensively with respect to their biochemical properties, including Michaelis constants, substrate specificity, thermal stability, and fluorometric ligand binding. The results of this study suggest great species variations regarding the multiple forms as well as the substrate specificity of this family of enzymes. PMID- 6790532 TI - Demonstration of at least two different actin-binding sites in villin, a calcium regulated modulator of F-actin organization. AB - Villin, one of the calcium regulated modulator proteins of F-actin organization, restricts F-actin to short filaments in the presence of calcium and bundles F actin in the absence of calcium. Limited in vitro proteolysis of villin generates, in addition to a large core fragment (apparent Mr = 90,000) previously described, a small headpiece (Mr = 8,500). The finding that the F-actin nucleation and severing activity of villin, but not its bundling activity, is retained by the core suggested that the headpiece may be directly involved in bundling. Headpiece has now been purified and characterized. It shows strong F actin binding both in the presence and absence of calcium, leading to a final stoichiometry of 1 headpiece to 1 F-actin monomer. Headpiece also inhibits villin induced F-actin bundling. Thus villin expresses at least two distinct actin binding sites localized on separate functional domains. Protein sequence analysis documents that the core comprises the NH2-terminal portion of intact villin, whereas the headpiece covers the COOH-terminal 76 amino acids. We provide the amino acid sequence of the headpiece, which is currently the smallest F-actin binding peptide. PMID- 6790533 TI - Pure human renin. Identification and characterization and of two major molecular weight forms. AB - Human renal renin was purified from normal kidney by either of two protocols which combined sequential DEAE-cellulose chromatography, pepstatin affinity chromatography, gel filtration, and a final step of affinity chromatography using either the synthetic octapeptide renin inhibitor (D-Leu6] or antirenin immunoglobulin as ligand. An approximate 500,000-fold purification and a yield of 1 mg of protein or 7% enzymatic activity from 10 kg were obtained by either method. Maximum specific activity was 1170 Goldblatt units/mg. Amino acid composition and kinetic properties were determined. Using purified angiotensinogen substrate, optimum pH was 5.5-6.0 and the Km was 1.54 X 10(-6) M. Two major forms of renin possessing similar enzymatic and immunologic properties, but differing in apparent molecular size and charge were purified and characterized. One form, the major form obtained after antibody affinity chromatography, had an apparent molecular size of 50 kilodaltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and migrated more slowly (RF = 0.32) on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis at pH 7.8. The other form had an apparent molecular size of 39 kilodaltons and migrated more rapidly (RF = 0.76) on polyacrylamide disc gels. This smaller form predominated in protocols which allowed the persistent presence of acid protease activity throughout purification. Moreover, renin molecular size was demonstrated to change from 50 to 40 kilodaltons in the presence of this protease, which was subsequently isolated from the penultimate step of renin purification and tentatively identified as a renal cathepsin D. These findings help reconcile certain disparate characteristics for pure human renin obtained by others, explain the marked instability of the human enzyme, and suggest that the apparent molecular size of human renin is somewhat larger than had been previously reported. PMID- 6790535 TI - Elongation of RNA-primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase alpha from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. PMID- 6790534 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat alpha-1-antitrypsin. AB - From 330 ml of rat serum, 222 mg of alpha-1-antitrypsin have been isolated and purified with an overall yield of approximately 20%. The preparation was homogeneous by the criteria of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation, and immunoelectrophoresis. Rat alpha-1-antitrypsin exhibited Mr = 47,000 +/- 1,500 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 45,000 +/- 1,000 by equilibrium ultracentrifugation; the sedimentation coefficient (s20,w) was 3.29. Rat alpha-1-antitrypsin exhibited a trypsin-combining ratio (moles of trypsin inhibited/mol of alpha-1-antitrypsin) of 0.88. Rat alpha-1-antitrypsin showed significant differences in amino acid composition when compared to human alpha-1 antitrypsin, particularly in lysine, glutamic acid, arginine, methionine, and tyrosine content. Rat alpha-1-antitrypsin contains 14.3 residues/mol of N acetylglucosamine, 5.0 residues/mol of mannose, 4.2 residues/mol of galactose, and 5.8 residues/mol of sialic acid. Monospecific antibody produced in a rabbit against our purest preparation of rat alpha-1-antitrypsin does not cross-react immunologically against human, calf, fetal calf, mouse, or chicken sera. The availability of a pure preparation of rat alpha-1-antitrypsin as well as the specific alpha-1-antitrypsin antibody will facilitate studies on the biosynthesis and secretion of this important protease inhibitor in an appropriate animal model. PMID- 6790536 TI - Fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid in stimulated platelets. Persistence of arachidonyl-stearyl structure. AB - The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), and the free fatty acid pool of human platelets was studied as a function of time following thrombin stimulation. Upon addition of thrombin, the total amount of fatty acids in PI decreased sharply, then rose toward basal levels, while that of PA showed an inverse pattern. However, the percentage distribution of fatty acids in stimulated as well as unstimulated PI and those in stimulated PA remained relatively constant: stearic and arachidonic acids accounted for 90 and 80% of the total in PI and PA, respectively. These data suggest that in stimulated human platelets PI and PA are interconverted via the "PI cycle." The time course of changes in PI and PA may suggest that the levels of arachidonyl-stearyl PA are involved in regulation of the resynthesis of arachidonyl-steryl PI. In contrast to PI and PA, the free fatty acid pool showed sharp increases in the five major platelet fatty acids: arachidonate, stearate, palmitate, oleate, as well as linoleate. These data suggest that most of the fatty acids liberated upon platelet stimulation are not derived via PI metabolism but by other mechanisms. PMID- 6790537 TI - High content of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in pancreatic islets and its inhibition by diazoxide. AB - Homogenates of isolated pancreatic islets contain 40-70 times as much flavin linked glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) as homogenates of whole pancreas, liver, heart, or skeletal muscle when the activity is assayed with either iodonitrotetrazolium or with dichloroindophenol as an electron acceptor. Intact mitochondria from islets release 3HOH from [2-3H]glycerol phosphate 7 times faster than do skeletal muscle mitochondria. The activity of the cytosolic, NAD-linked, glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.8) in pancreatic islets is comparable to that of the mitochondrial dehydrogenase so a glycerol phosphate shuttle is possible in pancreatic islets. Diazoxide, an inhibitor of insulin release in vivo and in vitro, inhibits the islet mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in all three of the assays mentioned above at concentrations that inhibit insulin release and CO2 formation from glucose by isolated pancreatic islets. Diazoxide does not inhibit the dehydrogenase in mitochondria from skeletal muscle, liver, and heart. A slight inhibition in mitochondria from whole pancreas can be accounted for as inhibition of the islet dehydrogenase because no inhibition is observed in mitochondria from pancreas of rats treated with alloxan, an agent that causes diabetes by destroying pancreatic beta cells. The results of this study are compatible with the hypothesis that the mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase has a key role in stimulus-secretion coupling in the pancreatic beta cell during glucose-induced insulin release. PMID- 6790538 TI - Isolation and characterization of thioredoxin from the cyanobacterium, Anabaena sp. AB - Thioredoxin from Anabaena sp. has been purified 800-fold with an assay based on the reduction of insulin disulfides by NADPH and the heterologous calf thymus thioredoxin reductase. The final material was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had a molecular weight of 12,000; the NH2-terminal residue was serine and the COOH-terminal was leucine. Anabaena thioredoxin-(SH)2 is a hydrogen donor for the adenosylcobalamin-dependent anabaena ribonucleotide reductase and is equally active with the iron-containing ribonucleotide reductase from Escherichia coli. Anabaena thioredoxin-S2 is a good substrate for E. coli thioredoxin reductase. We have compared the structure of Anabaena and E. coli thioredoxins. Clear structural differences between the proteins, compatible with the large evolutionary distance between the organisms, were seen with respect to total amino acid composition, isoelectric point, tryptic peptide maps, and a low immunochemical cross-reactivity. However, both thioredoxins contain a single oxidation-reduction active disulfide bridge with the amino acid sequence: Cys-Gly Pro-Cys-Lys. The tryptophan fluorescence emission of Anabaena thioredoxin-S2 increases more than 3-fold on reduction to thioredoxin-(SH)2. This behavior is identical with that of E. coli thioredoxin, suggesting a very similar overall folding of homologous molecules. PMID- 6790539 TI - Purification and characterization of bovine tissue factor. AB - Tissue factor (tissue thromboplastin, factor III), an initiator of coagulation, has been purified 142,000-fold to homogeneity from bovine brain. The protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 43,000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apoprotein was first purified by extraction with Triton X-100 and repeated preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Antiserum was produced against a few micrograms of purified apoprotein and was used to construct an immunoadsorbent column. The column was then used for affinity purification of the apoprotein directly from the Triton X-100 extract, thereby significantly increasing the amount of purified protein produced. The purification scheme may be generally useful for the rapid and large scale purification of membrane proteins. Tryptic digestion of the apoprotein in Triton X-100 cleaved a peptide of approximately 3000 daltons without affecting the activity. The activity was recovered directly from stained SDS polyacrylamide gels, and the profile of recovered activity corresponded directly with the stained bands. The activity shifted along with the protein band following tryptic digestion, thus demonstrating that the protein observed on the gels is tissue factor. The coagulant activity of the purified apoprotein was reconstituted by the addition of phospholipid. Optimal activity was observed at phospholipid to protein ratios (w/w) greater than 450:1. PMID- 6790540 TI - ATP synthesis by an uncoupler-resistant mutant of Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 6790541 TI - Kinetics and subunit interactions of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase from the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp. PMID- 6790542 TI - Urinary oligosaccharides of GM1-gangliosidosis. Structures of oligosaccharides excreted in the urine of type 1 but not in the urine of type 2 patients. AB - Among the seven oligosaccharide fractions obtained by Bio-Gel P-4 column chromatography of urine of GM1-gangliosidosis Type 1 patients, three fractions (peaks V, VI, and VII) were completely missing in the urine of GM1-gangliosidosis Type 2 patients. Structural study of these oligosaccharide fractions by sequential exoglycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis and periodate oxidation has shown that peaks V, VI, and VII are mixtures of 16, 30, and 49 isomeric oligosaccharides. All these 95 oligosaccharides contain Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc beta 1 lead to 3 repeating structures in their outer chain moieties, indicating that the tissues of GM1-gangliosidosis Type 2 patients do contain beta-galactosidase activity which releases readily galactose residue from such repeating sugar chains. PMID- 6790543 TI - Purification and properties of superoxide dismutase from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The major superoxide dismutase ("slow" electromorph) of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been purified to homogeneity. This enzyme contains 2 Cu2+ and 2 Zn2+/molecule. The ultraviolet absorption spectrum indicates a lack of tryptophan. This enzyme has a molecular weight of 32,000 and is composed of two subunits of equal size, which are joined by noncovalent interactions. Cyanide at 1 and 3 mM inhibits the activity of superoxide dismutase 92 and 100%, but 5 and 10 mM azide caused 15 and 30% inhibition. The isoelectric point, assessed by isoelectric focusing, is 5.3. Amino acid analyses, as well as the spectral and catalytic properties, are reported. The D. melanogaster superoxide dismutase does not cross-react with antibodies to bovine erythrocyte Cu-Zn-containing superoxide dismutase nor to Escherichia coli manganese- and iron-containing superoxide dismutases. PMID- 6790544 TI - The structure of hemoglobin Creteil (beta 89 Ser replaced by Asn) is similar to that of abnormal human hemoglobins having sequence changes at Tyr 145 beta. AB - In normal deoxyhemoglobin A, the beta chain COOH-terminal peptide adopts a well ordered structure which is needed for the full expression of allosteric action. Our crystallographic studies of deoxyhemoglobin Creteil (beta 89 Ser replaced by Asn), a variant hemoglobin characterized by high oxygen affinity and a very low level of allosteric function, show that replacement of Ser 89 beta by asparagine causes severe disordering of the beta chain COOH-terminal tetrapeptide. This results, as shown by our spectroscopic studies, in the destabilization of the quaternary structure of deoxyhemoglobin Creteil. We find, furthermore, that the changes in tertiary structure observed in deoxyhemoglobin Creteil are common to other variant hemoglobins having similar functional abnormalities but very different changes in primary structure. In particular, direct comparison of the difference electron density map of deoxyhemoglobin Creteil with that of deoxyhemoglobin Nancy (beta 145 Tyr replaced by Asp) suggests that these two abnormal hemoglobins may have the same mechanism of dysfunction despite the very different nature of their respective sequence changes. PMID- 6790545 TI - Nitrate reductase from Penicillium chrysogenum. Purification and kinetic mechanism. AB - Nitrate reductase (NADPH:nitrate oxidoreductase; EC 1.6.6.1-3) was purified to apparent homogeneity from mycelium of Penicillium chrysogenum. The final preparation catalyzed the NADPH-dependent, FAD-mediated reduction of nitrate with a specific activity of 170-225 units X mg of protein-1. Gel filtration and glycerol density centrifugation yielded, respectively, a Stokes radius of 6.3 nm and an s20,w of 7.4. The molecular weight was calculated to be 199,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the enzyme displayed two almost contiguous dye-staining bands corresponding to molecular weights of about 97,000 and 98,000. The enzyme prefers NADPH to NADH (kspec ratio = 2813), FAD to FMN (kspec ratio = 141), FAD (+ NADPH) to FADH2 (kspec ratio = 12,000), and nitrate to chlorate (kspec ratio = 4.33), where the kspec (the specificity constant for a given substrate) represents Vmax/Km. The Penicillium enzyme will also catalyze te NADPH-dependent, FAD-mediated reduction of cytochrome c with a specific activity of 647 units X mg of protein-1 (Kmcyt = 1.25 X 10(-5) M), and the reduced methyl viologen (MVH2, i.e. methyl viologen + dithionite)-dependent, NADPH and FAD-independent reduction of nitrate with a specific activity of 250 units X mg of protein-1 kmMVH2 = 3.5 X 10(-6) M). Initial velocity studies showed intersecting NADPH-FAD and nitrate-FAD reciprocal plot patterns. The NADPH-nitrate pattern was a series of parallel lines at saturating and unsaturating FAD levels. NADP+ was competitive with NADPH, uncompetitive with nitrate (at saturating and unsaturating FAD levels), and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to FAD. Nitrite was competitive with nitrate, uncompetitive with NADPH (at saturating and unsaturating FAD levels), and a mixed-type inhibitor with respect to FAD. At unsaturating nitrate and FAD, NADPH exhibited substrate inhibition, perhaps as a result of binding to the FAD site(s). At very low FAD concentrations, low concentrations of NADP+ activated the reaction slightly. The initial velocity and product inhibition patterns are consistent with either of the two kinetic mechanisms. One (rather unlikely) mechanism involves the rapid equilibrium random binding of all ligands with (a) NADP+ and NADPH mutually exclusive, (b) nitrate and nitrite mutually exclusive, (c) the binding of NADPH strongly inhibiting the binding of nitrate and vice versa, (d) the binding of NADPH strongly promoting the binding of nitrite and vice versa, and (e) the binding of nitrate strongly promoting the binding of NADP+ and vice versa... PMID- 6790546 TI - Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and of the beta subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor two by a common protein kinase. AB - A protein kinase from rabbit reticulocytes, able to phosphorylate the beta subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2), has been demonstrated to phosphorylate also glycogen synthase. A glycogen synthase kinase (PC0.7) from rabbit skeletal muscle has been shown to phosphorylate the beta subunit of eIF-2. Comparison of highly purified preparations of the two protein kinases has indicated several similarities of properties. 1) Both enzymes were associated with two major polypeptide species, alpha (Mr = 43,000) and beta (Mr = 25,000), and exhibited apparent native molecular weights of 176,000-180,000 by gel filtration and 130,000-140,000 by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. 2) Both enzymes phosphorylated glycogen synthase, eIF-2 beta, phosvitin, and casein and were effective in utilizing GTP and ATP as phosphoryl donors. 3) Both enzymes displayed the same chromatographic behavior on phosvitin-Sepharose, phosphocellulose, and DEAE-cellulose. 4) Both enzymes underwent an autophosphorylation of the beta polypeptide when incubated with ATP and Mg2+. On the basis of these and other properties, we propose that the two protein kinases, if not identical, are very similar enzymes. PMID- 6790547 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Hormonal regulation and mechanism of its formation in liver. AB - Vasopressin, phenylephrine, and A23187 cause an accumulation of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate in hepatocytes from fed rats, but not in Ca2+-depleted hepatocytes from fed rats or in phosphorylase kinase-deficient hepatocytes from (gsd/gsd) rats. The effect of vasopressin and phenylephrine is not found in hepatocytes from overnight-starved rats. Thus, the accumulation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate by these agents may depend on the stimulation of glycogenolysis and on the resulting accumulation of hexose 6-phosphate. In support of this hypothesis, conditions are described for the enzymatic synthesis of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate from fructose 6-phosphate and Mg-ATP in liver extracts. Half-maximal activity (0.8 nmol/min.g) is obtained with about 60 microM fructose 6-phosphate, and the activity can be separated fom phosphofructokinase by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Treatment of rats or isolated hepatocytes with glucagon results in a 4-5-fold decrease in the maximal activity of this enzyme. PMID- 6790548 TI - Characterization of a rabbit skeletal muscle protein kinase (PC0.7) able to phosphorylate glycogen synthase and phosvitin. AB - A protein kinase (designated PC0.7 in DePaoli-Roach, A. A., Roach, P. J., and Larner, J. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 12062-12068) that phosphorylated both glycogen synthase and phosvitin, has been extensively purified from rabbit skeletal muscle, close to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme activity was associated with two polypeptides, alpha (Mr = 43,000) and beta (Mr = 25,000), present in approximately equimolar amounts. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was 180,000, as determined by gel filtration, and 130,000, as judged from sucrose density gradient sedimentation. Unless precautions were taken during the purification, the alpha polypeptide underwent degradation, probably as a result of protease action. The beta polypeptide itself could be phosphorylated upon incubation of the enzyme with ATP and Mg2+ but no significant change in activity accompanied this phosphorylation reaction. The protein kinase was effective in utilizing both ATP and GTP as phosphate donors, with apparent Km values of 13 microM and 20-35 microM, respectively. The apparent Km values for phosvitin and glycogen synthase were 15 microM and greater than 10 microM, respectively. PC0.7 phosphorylated glycogen synthase to a level of approximately 0.5 phosphate/subunit, with little inactivation of the glycogen synthase. Phosphorylation occurred predominantly in a 21,000-dalton cyanogen bromide fragment of glycogen synthase, the same fragment preferentially phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. This phosphorylation was also located in an approximately 17,000-dalton COOH-terminal region of the glycogen synthase molecule that is removed by limited tryptic proteolysis. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by PC0.7 occurred at serine residues whereas in phosvitin both serine and threonine residues were modified by PC0.7 action. PMID- 6790549 TI - Receptor-mediated release of plasma membrane-associated calcium and stimulation of calcium uptake by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary cells in culture. PMID- 6790550 TI - Cholinesterase in the parasitic nematode, Stephanurus dentatus. Characterization and sex dependence of a secretory cholinesterase. AB - An antigenic secretory protein with cholinesterase activity was isolated from the excretory gland cells of Stephanurus dentatus and was purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The antigenicity of the cholinesterase was demonstrated by an esterase-active immunoprecipitate formed with S. dentatus antiserum and by the ability of the antiserum to protect the enzyme from heat inactivation. The enzyme was found to be secreted by the adult nematodes during in vitro cultivation. The level of cholinesterase activity and its release from the excretory gland cells of the parasite were 27-fold greater in the male than in the female. Ninety per cent of the enzyme activity was localized in the soluble fraction of the gland cells. The molecular weight of the enzyme, estimated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, was 100,000. Two molecular forms were separated by isoelectrofocusing, with isoelectric points of 7.0 and 6.9. At optimum substrate concentrations, the rate of hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine was 8 times greater than that of butyrylthiocholine; the Michaelis constants were 560 microM and 81 microM for acetylthiocholine and butyrylthiocholine, respectively. The enzyme exhibited substrate inhibition at substrate concentrations greater than 10 mM and was inhibited by eserine sulfate, 1,5-bis(4-allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentan-3-one dibromide, Tris, and acetone. The enzyme was highly unstable in dilute protein solutions. PMID- 6790551 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. AB - Forty cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia were reviewed. The results were assessed so as to emphasise function rather than simply the presence or absence of union. At the time of review, 14 patients had undergone amputation; eight others had non-union or tenuous union. No surgical procedure except the Farmer operation (a composite skin and bone pedicle graft from the other leg) showed any clear superiority. Among the factors associated with a poor result were considerable shortening, older children, and rapid resorption of the bone graft. It is felt that congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a biological problem and not merely a mechanical one; consequently biological approaches to its treatment are needed. PMID- 6790552 TI - Evidence of aflatoxin B1 in two cases of lung cancer in man. PMID- 6790553 TI - Carbon dioxide efflux accompanies release of fertilization acid from sea urchin eggs. AB - "Fertilization acid" is released from sea urchin eggs upon fertilization and decreases the pH of the surrounding seawater. In bicarbonate-free artificial seawater flushed with nitrogen gas, the pH shift still occurs but returns to the original value in a few minutes, suggesting that the released acid volatile. A likely candidate for a volatile acid is carbon dioxide released from the eggs. Therefore, the total CO2 content of seawater was measured pre- and post fertilization and was found to be correlated stoichiometrically with released proton equivalents, leading to the conclusion that fertilization acid is largely carbon dioxide. Manometric analysis of cell extracts and ashed eggs suggest that the carbon dioxide may be stored in the unfertilized egg as an inorganic carbonate. PMID- 6790554 TI - Functional states of RNA polymerase in the macronucleus of Tetrahymena pyriformis and their dependence on culture growth. AB - RNA polymerase In in macronuclei of late log-phase cells of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis is found to be present in 2 functional states, the one being actively engaged in transcription of ribosomal genes, the other one in a "free" state, i.e. free to transcribe added DNA or poly d(AT). Stimulation of RNA synthesis induced by dilution of stationary-phase cells into fresh medium is correlated with an increase in activity of template engaged and a decrease of free RNA polymerase I. In contrast, RNA polymerase II shows no pronounced changes in activity and is not available to transcribe poly d(AT). The data favour the assumption that factors other than the amount of RNA polymerase I molecules available control transcription of the ribosomal genes. PMID- 6790555 TI - Cooperativity of concanavalin A patching and its influence on cytoskeleton changes in fibroblast rounding and detachment. AB - We have studied the extent of concanavalin A (Con A) patching on spread fibroblasts as a function of increasing concentration of added Con A, and also the influence of this patching on subsequent cytoskeleton changes during exposure to trypsin and EGTA. Living cells do not patch at low concentrations of Con A (around 1 microgram ml-1) but progressively do so at higher levels (2-10 microgram ml-1), in very close parallel with a cooperative phase of binding characterized earlier. The proportion of visibly patched cells is at a maximum when this cooperative phase is complete and the correlation remains when cells are treated with azide of cytochalasin B to shift the concentration range over which both phenomena occur. All this evidence points to a common origin for cooperative binding and visible patching which is sensitive to the state of cellular actomyosin, and involves the mediation of actin-associated structures. As a consequence of Con A patching, cell attachment is preserved against the action of EGTA. On patched cells, this agent causes minor if any changes in cell shape and in the distributions of microtubules and 10-nm filaments, but actin stress fibres are dispersed. However, conditions appear to be retained for reassembly of the stress fibres because these can be caused to reappear within minutes after removal of EGTA when glucose, or Ca2+ or Mn2+ in the absence of glucose, is supplied in the medium. Trypsin caused only partial destruction of stress fibres in Con A-treated cells and did not promote detachment or dispersal of microtubules or 10-nm filament systems. PMID- 6790556 TI - Tentacle contraction in glycerinated Discophrya collini and the localization of HMM-binding filaments. AB - The contractile tentacles of the suctorian Discophrya collini contain a central microtubular axoneme as well as filamentous structures in the cortical epiplasm and in a fibrous collar around the axoneme at the tentacle base. The nature and possible roles of these components has been investigated by the use of reactivatable glycerinated cells. In these a mean tentacle contraction to 70% of the original length could be achieved by a 5-min treatment with a reaction mixture containing ATP, calcium and magnesium ions, the same treatment giving retraction to 30% in living cells. Both the microtubules of the axoneme and the filaments of the fibrous collar and epiplasm were present in the glycerinated cells, suggesting that these components consist of large water-insoluble molecules. The addition of heavy meromyosin to whole glycerinated cells resulted in the appearance of 36-50-nm spaced "tails" or filaments attached to the epiplasmic fibres and the aggregation of 3-6-nm filaments and electron-dense material in the region of the fibrous collar. Neither of these 2 features was apparent after treatment with ATP. It is suggested that actin-like filaments are localized in the region of the fibrous collar and in the epiplasm, and that these are involved in tentacle retraction; whilst the microtubules of the axoneme are concerned with feeding, and play only a cytoskeletal role in the contractile mechanism. PMID- 6790557 TI - Separation of reduced disaccharides derived from glycosaminoglycans by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of reduced unsaturated disaccharides derived from enzymatic digestion followed by reduction with sodium borohydride of chondroitin sulfates, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin is described. This method is well suited for the HPLC analysis of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) because the possibility of obtaining anomeric forms of unsaturated disaccharides is eliminated with provides a major advantage for quantitation. This procedure is more sensitive than existing HPLC methods for the determination of enzymatic degradation products from GAGs. In particular, the resolution of disaccharide products from heparan sulfate is improved after reduction. The applicability of this method for the determination of GAGs in biological samples is demonstrated. PMID- 6790558 TI - Inhibitory effect of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine on the postcastration gonadotrophin rise in women. AB - Basal or stimulated gonadotrophin plasma levels were measured after bilateral ovariectomy in untreated and bromocriptine (BCT)-treated normal women. BCT was orally administered from the 7th to the 14th day after ovariectomy at a dose of 3.75 mg/day. BCT significantly (P less than 0.05) inhibited LH release, both basally and after LRF stimulation. Plasma FSH levels were also reduced in treated subjects, but this decrease did not reach statistical significance relative to controls. The blunted postcastration gonadotrophin rise found with BCT administration suggests that pituitary gonadotropin secretion is, in part, under dopaminergic inhibitory control. PMID- 6790559 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism in idiopathic renal hypercalciuria: fact or theory? AB - Secondary hyperparathyroidism (HP) has been reported to be characteristic of idiopathic hypercalciuria (IHC) of the renal type. Out of the 155 patients with urinary stone disease and a normal plasma calcium level, only 1 had a distinctively increased plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) level; however, he was found to be hypercalcemic in a second control study. In 33 patients with renal IHC, none had an elevated PTH level measured under normal, low, and high calcium intake. The mean basal PTH level of these patients was identical to that of 86 normal controls; it was significantly lower than that of the patients with primary or secondary HP who had normal PTH levels. During EDTA infusion, seven of eight patients with primary HP and a normal basal PTH level showed PTH responses greater than those observed in six patients with renal IHC, all of the latter responses being in the normal range. Chlorthalidone, given to seven patients with renal IHC during 4 weeks (100 mg/day), did not decrease the PTH levels. Measurement of nephrogenous cAMP performed in only a few patients revealed a slightly increased value in one of them who had an exceptionally severe hypercalciuria. Beside this latter result, no evidence for secondary HP could be found. Although secondary HP is tempting pathophysiological explanation for many characteristics of renal IHC, it seems to be quite rare. PMID- 6790560 TI - Calcium and calcium-antagonistic effects on prolactin and growth hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and L-dopa in man. AB - The significance of calcium for the responsiveness of human lactotrophs and somatotrophs to iv TRH and oral L-dopa was investigated in 11 young healthy women. Both TRH and L-dopa were administered on three different background infusions: 1) saline, 2) verapamil, and 3) calcium. Twenty-five micrograms of TRH raised the PRL level from 15.1 +/- 2.3 to 76.9 +/- 8.8 ng/ml in 15 min (P less than 0.001). Calcium infusion blunted this PRL response by 33 +/- 8% (P less than 0.02), whereas verapamil, known for its calcium-antagonistic properties, left in unaffected. Five hundred milligrams of L-dopa increased the GH level from 2.2 +/- 0.7 to 16.7 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in 60 min (P less than 0.002) and reduced the PRL level from 11.6 +/- 2.9 to 3.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml in 150 min (P less than 0.05). Neither calcium nor verapamil influenced these GH and PRL responses significantly. These findings indicate that human somatotrophs may be less dependent than human lactotrophs on normocalcemia for adequate hormone secretion. PMID- 6790561 TI - Absence of thyroid-stimulating antibody and long acting thyroid stimulator in relatives of Graves' disease patients. AB - None of the 76 euthyroid relatives of patients with Graves' disease had detectable LATS in their serum nor was thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb), assessed by an increment of cAMP in human thyroid slices, detected in any of the 60 sera tested. Seven of 41 were slightly positive for TSH binding-inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII). Nineteen of 73 sera were positive (greater than 1:1600) for antibody to thyroid antimicrosomal antigen, of which 4 were also positive (greater than 1:400) for antibody to thyroglobulin; 3 of the 19 had a slightly elevated basal TSH which rose excessively after TRH. Thus, although these euthyroid relatives had evidence of thyroid immunological defects, a thyroid stimulating antibody was not found. PMID- 6790562 TI - Decreased insulin binding to erythrocytes in subjects with Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - Insulin binding to specific erythrocyte receptors was investigated in group of 25 subjects with Klinefelter's syndrome (47 XXY genotype) and 14 healthy male volunteers. Insulin binding was significantly decreased in Klinefelter subjects (P less than 0.01 at insulin concentrations of 0.051 and 0.136 mmol/liter); however, their fasting glucose concentration was normal (87 +/- 17), and the glucose disappearance rate was slightly increased (2.3 +/- 0.9; P less than 0.2). These data indicated a compensatory, mechanism involved in the glucose metabolism in Klinefelter's syndrome. PMID- 6790563 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to heart antigens in Chagas' disease as measured by in vitro lymphocyte stimulation. AB - Reactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi antigens and autoreactivity to heart antigens were evaluated in 27 patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy (group I), 52 patients without evidence of cardiac dysfunction (group II), and 36 selected controls, either healthy patients or patients with other heart diseases (group III). The in vitro lymphoblastogenesis response to T. cruzi antigens was found to be high in groups I and II and low in group III. The mean stimulation index to T. cruzi antigens, in fact, tended to be highest in group I, suggesting a more intense immune response in patients with Chagasic cardiomyopathy. The proportion of individuals with reactivity to heart antigens was 28.6% in group I, 25% in group II, and 0% in group III. The finding of an equal percentage of reactivity to heart antigens in groups I and II was unexpected, as a higher incidence of positive reactions in group I was predicted. Consequently, it is thought that this finding and its relevance to the pathogenic process of Chagasic cardiomyopathy need to be carefully assessed in a longitudinal study. PMID- 6790564 TI - Simple, inexpensive, and rapid way to produce Bacillus subtilis spores for the Guthrie bioassay. AB - Esculin agar has been found to be a simple, inexpensive, rapid, and reliable means to promote production of spores of inhibitor-sensitive clones of Bacillus subtilis strains ATCC 6051 and 6633 for use in the Guthrie bioassay screening tests for genetic metabolic disorders. PMID- 6790565 TI - Reagent quality control in bacteriology: cost-effective, easy-to-use methodology. AB - A reagent quality control scheme is described which is both cost-effective and flexible enough for use with a variety of commercially available enteric identification systems. PMID- 6790566 TI - Bacteriocins as tools in analysis of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. AB - Epidemiological analysis of isolates from nosocomial infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was improved by the use of bacteriocins in addition to capsular serotyping. Screening for bacteriocins produced by 77 reference strains for capsular serotyping identified 39 strains, and 8 of these strains were selected as a typing set. Using this set, we found that 241 to 259 (91%) nonepidemic clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae were inhibited by one or more of the eight producers. Of the most frequent bacteriocin type there were 31 examples (12%). High reproducibility of typing patterns (83.3%) and easy practicability of typing were achieved with a streak-and-point method avoiding the use of suspensions of bacteriocins and the risk of instability. The Klebsiella bacteriocins were active also on Enterobacter and Shigella species and on Escherichia coli strains, but were ineffective on other Enterobacteriacae. PMID- 6790567 TI - Enhancement of recovery of Neisseria meningitidis by gelatin in blood culture media. AB - The efficacy of gelatin for the recovery of Neisseria meningitidis from blood cultures was evaluated in a clinical setting. The organism was isolated from seven patients with meningococcal infections in blood culture media containing 1% gelatin. In contrast, only two blood cultures from these patients were positive in media without gelatin (P less than 0.05). Gelatin did not influence the recovery of other organisms isolated during this study. Conventional blood culture media may be supplemented with gelatin when meningococcemia is suspected. PMID- 6790568 TI - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (disodium salt)-labile bovine immunoglobulin M Fc binding to Brucella abortus: a cause of nonspecific agglutination. AB - It was demonstrated by a radioimmunoassay procedure that Brucella abortus agglutinins from noninfected cattle sera, absorbed to B. abortus antigen and eluted with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), was immunoglobulin M that bound to that bacterium by its Fc portion. The EDTA-eluted immunoglobulin M agglutinated intact B. abortus cells but not erythrocytes treated with B. abortus lipopolysaccharide. The specificity of the EDTA-eluted immunoglobulin was for B. abortus, although a small titer to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 was observed. In contrast, immunoglobulin M purified from the serum of a cow injected 7 days previously with heat-killed B. abortus bound to the antigen by its Fab portion, was not labile to EDTA treatment, cross-reacted extensively with Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9, and agglutinated various other bacterial antigens and normal erythrocytes. PMID- 6790569 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa enzyme profiling: predictor of potential invasiveness and use as an epidemiological tool. AB - The enzymatic potential of 54 clinical and 22 environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil and water were evaluated by substrate plate assays. Clinical isolates produced substantial levels of 9 of the 11 enzymes assayed, whereas strains recovered from soil or water were relatively inert enzymatically. Elastase, deoxyribonuclease, and elevated protease activities were associated preferentially with clinical isolates of systemic origin; these activities were found twice as frequently in clinical isolates as in strains derived from sputum or the urogenital tract. Our data suggest that these factors may play an important role in the dissemination of P. aeruginosa from local or superficial sites. A comparison of the enzyme profiles of the environmental and clinical isolates indicated that colonization or infection by environmental strains of P. aeruginosa is a rare event and that environmental and clinical strains comprise separate biovars. Epidemiologically, enzyme profiles permitted the fingerprinting and differentiation of clinical strains from various sources. PMID- 6790570 TI - Measurement of immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin A antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: comparison of lipopolysaccharide and whole bacterium as antigen. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantitation of human immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, and IgA antibodies against Yersinia enterocolitica by using lipopolysaccharides as antigens is described. The results obtained with the lipopolysaccharide ELISA were compared with the results of the whole bacterium ELISA. The correlations observed were good for each immunoglobulin class. Cross-reactions between Y. enterocolitica serotypes O:3 and O:9, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis IA, and Brucella abortus were studied by human and rabbit antisera in the whole bacterium and lipopolysaccharide ELISAs and by rabbit antisera using ELISA inhibition. The greatest cross-reactivity observed was that of the anti-Brucella serum with Y. enterocolitica O:9 in the whole bacterium ELISA. In the lipopolysaccharide ELISA this cross-reaction was not demonstrable with the rabbit antiserum, but it was strong with the human antiserum. However, differential diagnosis was possible with ELISA inhibition. On the basis of our experience, we are now routinely using whole bacterium ELISA for the determination of class-specific Yersinia antibodies, and potential cross reactions are controlled by the ELISA inhibition. PMID- 6790571 TI - Comparison of the Phadebact Gonococcus Test with the rapid fermentation method. AB - The Phadebact Gonococcus Test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.), a coagglutination technique, was compared with the rapid fermentation method of Kellogg and Turner (D. S. Kellogg, Jr., and E. M. Turner, Appl. Microbiol. 25: 550--552, 1973). A total of 93 organisms isolated on Martin-Lewis media were determined to be Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on the following criteria: presence of gram-negative diplococci, oxidase positivity, and appropriate reaction in the rapid fermentation method. These 93 isolates were then serologically tested with the Phadebact test. The direct method was attempted on the first 46 N. gonorrhoeae isolates. Difficulty in interpreting results was encountered in 39%. Thereafter, the alternate method of boiling was instituted on an additional 47 N. gonorrhoeae isolates, with 2 isolates producing noninterpretable results. All 93 isolates were frozen for a maximum of 2 months in skim milk at -25 degrees C. These isolates were thawed and retyped with the alternate boiling procedure, with 97% being confirmed as N. gonorrhoeae. In addition, 33 Neisseria meningitidis isolates, 14 Neisseria species, and 7 Moraxella species were tested with similar techniques. No positive reactions were observed. A cost effectiveness study using 5, 10, and 20 microliters of the gonococcal reagent was undertaken to reduce the cost of the test. When 10 and 20 microliters of reagent were used, no difficulty was encountered in interpreting the reaction. The coagglutination technique was difficult to read when 5 microliters of reagent was used. PMID- 6790572 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains inhibited by vancomycin in selective media and correlation with auxotype. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that failed to grow on Thayer-Martin (T-M) and Martin-Lewis (M-L) media accounted for 2.0% of isolates at the University of Colorado Hospital and its Venereal Disease Clinic. A total of 31 inhibited and 31 control strains were compared by agar dilution testing for their susceptibilities to 13 antimicrobial agents used for treatment or in selective media. All 62 isolates were resistant to lincomycin, colistin, nystatin, amphotericin B, trimethoprim lactate, polymyxin B, and anisomycin. Vancomycin was the inhibitory antibiotic for N. gonorrhoeae in both T-M and M-L media. The vancomycin-inhibited strains were also significantly more sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin than were the control strains (P less than 0.001). The presence of the other antibiotics in selective media did not affect the minimum inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin for gonococci. All 31 inhibited strains were sensitive to 8.0 micrograms of vancomycin per ml, and 26 of these were sensitive to 2.0 microgram/ml. Decreasing the size of inoculum of gonococci results in greater inhibition by any given concentration of vancomycin. The vancomycin sensitive strains contained significantly more arginine- hypoxanthine-, and uracil-requiring auxotypes (28 out of 31) than did the control strains (9 out of 31). As with T-M medium, some strains of gonococci will be missed when M-L medium with 4.0 micrograms of vancomycin per ml is the only medium used for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. This may be of particular importance in the confirmation of disseminated infection with Arg- Hyx- Ura- auxotypes of N. gonorrhoeae when cultures of blood, joint fluid, or skin lesions are negative. PMID- 6790573 TI - Nickel substitution for calcium and the time course of potassium contractures of single muscle fibres. AB - In the virtual absence of external calcium (10(-9) M), peak tension of potassium contractures is not affected but their time course is markedly reduced. At 22 degrees C, the tension-time integral (area) of K+-contractures is reduced to about half its normal value. A similar reduction in the area of K+-contractures is observed when [Ca2+]0 is reduced to about 100 muM or less. When nickel substitutes for external calcium, K+-contractures present a normal time-course. Since nickel has been shown not to interact with contractile proteins these results indicate that extracellular calcium is apparently not directly participating in contractile activation nor in sustaining the time course of K+ contractures. External calcium deprivation affects also other phenomena related to excitation contraction coupling (ECC), such as the isometric tension-voltage relationship, the time course and extent of contractile repriming after a test contracture, the steady-state inactivation curve, and the capacity to sustain multiple contractures. Some of these effects indicate that external calcium may have a regulatory role on ECC phenomena. Nickel is an effective substitute for calcium in all these phenomena. The numerous contractures that a fibre can develop in the absence of calcium (nickel-substituted) indicate that the sarcoplasmic reticulum has either a large store of contractile activator, or a large recycling capacity. PMID- 6790575 TI - Differential effects of two doses of aspirin on platelets-vessel wall introduction in vivo. AB - Platelet cyclooxygenase appears to be more sensitive to aspirin than the arterial endothelial cell cyclooxygenase. To investigate the dose-related effects of aspirin on platelet-vessel wall interaction in acute vascular injury, male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with either (a) aspirin (150 mg/kg body wt; n = 6), (b) aspirin (30 mg/kg; n = 6), or (c) vehicle (n = 10). After treatment, autologous 111In-platelets were injected and deendothelialization of a 10-cm long segment of abdominal aorta was induced by a balloon catheter. Rabbits were killed 3 h after injury and radioactive counts and percentages of injected radioactivity per gram dry weight of tissue or blood were determined. The 30 mg aspirin group had a significantly lower radioactive count (62.13 +/- SD 6.07 x 10(3) cpm) and percentage of injected radioactivity (0.024 +/- 0.003%) per gram dry weight of damaged aortic tissue than the control (1,167.82 +/- 212.31 x 10(3) cpm/g tissue and 0.435 +/- 0.079%, respectively). By contrast, the 150-mg aspirin group had an elevation of radioactive counts (4,343.12 +/- 556.98 cpm) and percentage (1.632 +/- 0.246%) per gram dry weight of damaged tissue. Infusion of exogenous PGI2 was associated with reduction of lesion radioactivity. These findings were supported by ultrastructural findings. Examined under transmission electron microscopy, the injured aortic wall of 30-mg group was covered throughout the segment by a single layer of platelets without detectable platelet aggregates, while that of the 150 mg group was diffusely packed with multiple layers of platelets. The findings demonstrate that aspirin (30 mg/kg) prevents platelet aggregate formation at the injured arterial wall, whereas 150 mg/kg promotes platelet thrombus formation. PMID- 6790574 TI - Properties of human asialo-factor VIII. A ristocetin-independent platelet aggregating agent. AB - Human Factor VIII desialylated by treatment with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (ASVIII) aggregated human platelets in the absence of ristocetin in platelet-rich plasma and, to a lesser extent, in washed platelet suspensions. Aggregation is accompanied by thromboxane formation and is completely inhibited by EDTA. Aspirin blocks the second phase of aggregation and abolishes thromboxane production. Subaggregating doses of ASVIII and of either ADP, epinephrine, or collagen produce prompt and complete platelet aggregation. Bernard-Soulier syndrome platelets either did not aggregate with ASVIII (Two cases) or showed markedly decreased aggregation (one cases). Factor VIII complex was prepared from the plasma of two patients with variant von Willebrand's disease (sialic acid content 142 and 75 nmol/mg, respectively); neither protein generated platelet-aggregating activity upon desialylation. [3H]ASVIII binds rapidly to platelets and 37 degrees C, while tritiated, fully sialylated factor VIII binds to a negligible extent. As little as 1--2 micrograms ASVIII bound/10(9) platelets is capable of inducing platelet aggregation. ASVIII may be a useful tool for investigating platelet Factor VIII interactions in the absence of ristocetin. Furthermore, desialylated Factor VIII might play a physiologic role in Factor VIII-mediated platelet reactions in vivo. PMID- 6790576 TI - Sequential treatments of premature lambs with an artificial surfactant and natural surfactant. AB - To test an artificial surfactant in vivo, six 120-d gestational age lambs were treated at birth with a mixture of a 9:1 M ratio of [14C]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPC) and phosphatidylglycerol at a dose of 100 mg DPC/kg. Nine other lambs were not treated. The mean PO2 values of the lambs treated with artificial surfactant were 65.7 +/- 11 mm Hg vs. 24.8 +/- 1.6 mm Hg for the untreated lambs (P less than 0.001). All lambs then were treated with 50 mg/natural surfactant lipid per kg, which promptly improved PO2 in all lambs. The PO2 values of those lambs previously treated with artificial surfactant remained greater than 100 mm Hg for 2.5 +/- 0.5 h vs. 0.9 +/- 0.3 h for lambs untreated with artificial surfactant (P less than 0.01). The pH and PCO2 values were not strikingly different between the two groups of lambs. Airway samples taken from lambs treated with artificial surfactant before treatment with natural surfactant had minimal surface tensions of 32 +/- 2.9 dyn/cm, whereas the artificial surfactant reisolated from these samples by centrifugation had minimum surface tension of 0 dyn/cm. The minimum surface tension of artificial surfactant was inhibited by fetal lung fluid from the premature lambs, whereas the minimum surface tension of natural surfactant was much less sensitive to inhibition. Artificial surfactant did not improve the pressure-volume characteristics of unventilated premature lung, whereas natural surfactant did. The change in specific activity of [14C]DPC following treatment with natural surfactant indicated that approximately 50% of the DPC initially administered was no longer associated with the airways. PMID- 6790578 TI - Using a battery of tests to predict suicide in a long-term hospital: a quantitative analysis. AB - Examined the Wechsler-Bellevue, Rorschach, TAT and Word Association Tests of 40 Patients for quantitative indications of suicide potential. Ten of these patients had completed suicide, 10 "serious" attempts, 10 "mild" attempts and 10 had never made a suicide attempt. In addition to a study of the quantification of major aspects of the tests, various published hypotheses also were examined. No quantitative aspect of the data differentiated all four groups. When the "completed" and "serious" attempters were compared to the "mild" and "no" attempters, the more lethal patients were found to give more movement responses and more total responses. Those who completed suicide also had a larger difference than others between their Verbal and Performance IQs. Of the published hypotheses, only the Roth & Blatt and Sapolsky hypotheses received significant support. PMID- 6790577 TI - Defective glycine cleavage system in nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Occurrence of a less active glycine decarboxylase and an abnormal aminomethyl carrier protein. AB - The activities of then glycine cleavage system in the liver and brain of patient with nonketotic hyperglycinemia was extremely low as compared with those of control human liver and brain. The activities of glycine decarboxylase (P protein) and the aminomethyl carrier protein (H-protein), two of the four protein components of the glycine cleavage system, were considerably reduced in both the liver and brain; the extent of reduction was greater in the H-protein. The activity of the T-protein was normal. Purified H-protein from the patient did not react with lipoamide dehydrogenase, and titration of thiol groups with [2,3-14C]N ethylmaleimide suggested that this H-protein is devoid of lipoic acid. This structural abnormality in the H-protein is considered to constitute the primary molecular lesion in this patient with non-ketotic hyperglycinemia. Immunochemical studies using an antibody specific for P-protein showed that the patient was due to reduction of the catalytic activity of the protein rather than a decrease in the actual amount of the P-protein. Partial inactivation of P-protein could result secondarily from impaired metabolism of glycine resulting from deficiency in the activity of H-protein. However, the H-protein from the patient could stimulate the P-protein catalyzed exchange of the carboxyl carbon of glycine with 14CO2, although the specific activity of the purified H-protein from the patient was only 4% of that of control human H-protein. The content of H-protein in the liver of the patient was approximately 35% of that of control human liver. PMID- 6790579 TI - Investigation into the microbial flora of healing and non-healing decubitus ulcers. AB - Seventy-four pressure lesions in fifty-three geriatric patients were observed at weekly intervals to determine the bacterial flora and the healing index of each lesion, expressed as initial area of lesion (cm2) - final area of lesion (cm2) divided by time in days. The micro-organisms which caused infection included Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides asaccharolyticus. Many lesions contained a mixed flora. P mirabilis and Ps aeruginosa were associated with necrotic (p less than 0.005) and enlarging (p less than 5 x 10(-7)) lesions. Bacteroides spp were associated with necrotic lesions (p less than 0.05). The presence of S aureus in a lesion was not associated with any particular trend in healing index. The implications of the microbiological findings are discussed. PMID- 6790581 TI - A light microscopic marker of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. PMID- 6790580 TI - Survival of tubercle bacilli in heat-fixed sputum smears. AB - Tubercle bacilli, which survived heat fixation, were detected with a slide culture technique which allowed the entire smear to be examined. Both conventional flame fixation and the use of a controlled hot-plate failed to render tuberculous sputum smears safe for further handling. Smears which were stained with the phenol-auramine method failed to yield growth on culture. If delay between preparation and staining is unavoidable, it is recommended that smears are given additional treatment to prevent the survival of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6790582 TI - Comparative protein binding of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam. AB - The extent of plasma protein binding of diazepam (DZ) and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ), was determined by equilibrium dialysis in plasma samples drawn from 62 nonfasting unheparinized volunteers aged 20 to 85 years. The free fraction for diazepam averaged 1.48 per cent (range 0.85 to 2.30 per cent) and increased with age (r = 0.33). Desmethyldiazepam also was extensively bound. The mean free fraction was 2.97 per cent (range 1.78 to 5.28 per cent) and increased with age (r = 0.27). Free fractions for both diazepam and desmethyldiazepam were negatively correlated with plasma albumin concentration (r = --0.17 and --0.39). However, age, sex, and albumin explained only a small proportion of variability in free fraction for either compound. Free fraction for desmethyldiazepam always exceeded that for diazepam, and the two were correlated (r = 0.32). Thus, at any given total plasma concentration, the unbound concentration of desmethyldiazepam will exceed that of diazepam. PMID- 6790583 TI - Pemphigus and pemphigoid in dog and man: comparative aspects. AB - A review of canine pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus vegetans, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, and bullous pemphigoid shows them to share many clinicopathologic similarities with their human counterparts. Because of their numerous analogies in clinical presentations, histopathologic and immunopathologic findings, and therapeutic results, canine and human pemphigus and pemphigoid may represent a valuable area for comparative dermatologic research. PMID- 6790585 TI - Somber perspective for dermatology. PMID- 6790584 TI - Dermatology in the 1980s: a somber perspective revisited. PMID- 6790586 TI - In situ demonstration of OKT 6-positive cells in cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates. AB - A monoclonal antibody, OKT 6, has been developed against an antigen which is expressed by immature T cells as part of their normal intrathymic differentiation, but not by mature peripheral T cells. It was though that a search for the expression of such an antigen might be worthwhile in prelymphomatous conditions. This communication describes the investigation of lymphocytic infiltrates of atropic parapsoriasis, lymphomatoid papulosis, and a small group of miscellaneous skin conditions with OKT 6 and the immunoperoxidase technic. OKT 6-positive cells were identified in the dermis in varying numbers in four cases of atrophic parapsoriasis and in one case of lymphomatoid papulosis, but not in any of the other disorders. Positive epidermal staining was noted in all tissues examined. The pattern obtained suggested that epidermal dendritic cells may react with OKT 6. The findings indicate that OKT 6-positive cells may be found outside the thymus in certain conditions. The observations in epidermis cast doubt on the exact nature of the positively reacting cells observed in dermis, suggesting that may either be immature thymocytes or possibly Langerhans cells. PMID- 6790587 TI - Survival of Sarcoptes scabiei. PMID- 6790588 TI - Time requirements in performing body CT studies. AB - In computed tomography (CT), whole body examinations take 1.5 times as long as head studies. In 73 patients (11 thoracic studies, 25 abdominal examinations, 31 CT scans of abdomen and pelvis, and 6 examinations of pelvis alone), the average time for a CT study was 136 min. The active part of the procedure lasted 60 min. Seventy-six minutes were idle time. The physician's involvement in body CT was estimated to be 53 min for an average study, when scans were taken before and after administration of contrast material. There are time differences in body CT of various anatomic regions (thorax, 40 min; abdomen, 66 min; pelvic, 52 min). The complexity of body CT, the equipment of a CT department, and the approach to diagnosis are responsible for time requirements and physician's involvement in whole body CT. PMID- 6790589 TI - A theoretical study of the steady-state model for measuring regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation using oxygen-15. AB - There is a growing interest in the tomographic measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation using continuous inhalation of C15O2 and 15O2. This paper examines the influence of certain assumptions in the underlying steady state model. Estimations are made for possible errors in the actual measurement of these quantities in grey and white matter. PMID- 6790590 TI - Rotating conventional gamma camera single-photon tomographic system: physical characterization. AB - A whole-body single-photon emission computed tomography system has been evaluated in terms of its physical performance. It consists of a standard GE 400 T maxi camera rotating on a ring stand, coupled to an Informatek Simis 3 computer system. In its standard mode of operation, 64 or 128 successive views of 64 X 64 or 128 X 64 matrices are collected at regular angular samples. The reconstruction of up to 64 possible adjacent transverse sections, sorted into coronal, sagittal, and oblique sections, is obtained by filtered backprojection. A conventional parallel-hole collimator is used. The uniformity of the camera field of view is corrected by the GE hardware module. The resolution in the transverse plane is typically of 15.5 mm in a 20 cm Lucite phantom, and independent of radial distance. The physical slice thickness is 19 mm (full width at half maximum of the longitudinal response using a point source) with only slight variations along the diameter of the image. The sensitivity is approximately 7,000 cps mCi-1 as measured using a 99m Tc thin source, enabling images of reasonable signal-to noise ratio to be obtained in 10 min. The effect of the energy window, the number of angular samples, and the linear sampling modes on the transverse resolution and contrast is measured and discussed. PMID- 6790591 TI - Single radial immunodiffusion analysis for quantitation of colostral immunoglobulin concentration. AB - Relative accuracy of the single radial immunodiffusion technique to measure immunoglobulin concentrations of colostral preparations (whey, whole, or fat free) has been assessed. Fresh colostrum samples were analyzed for major constituents. Gammaglobulin as a standard was compared to total immunoglobulin concentration derived from single radial immunodiffusion analysis of colostral preparations with no differences except between standard and whey. Differences were in part from either enhancement or interference of immunoglobulin diffusion by colostral constituents. Removal of casein and fat during whey preparations caused a concentrating effect upon immunoglobulin constituents resulting in exaggerated precipitin rings. Whey has produced unreliable results: therefore, whole colostrum is recommended for single radial immunodiffusion analysis. PMID- 6790592 TI - Investigation of WAIS effectiveness in discriminating between temporal and generalized seizure patients. PMID- 6790593 TI - Dental education: preparing for the 1980s. PMID- 6790594 TI - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure during normal and elevated intracranial pressure in dogs. AB - The effect of up to 15 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (Pcsf) was investigated in five anaesthetised, mechanically ventilated dogs during normal and then elevated (40-50 cm H2O) intracranial pressure (ICP). Stepwise elevations of PEEP in 5 cm H2O increments resulted in small rises in Pcsf at normal ICP and in significantly larger rises when ICP was elevated. The regression equations for the relationships between Pcsf and end-expiratory pressure (EEP) were as follows: Pcsf = 12.95 + 0.82 EEP for normal ICP, and Pcsf = 46.41 + 2.06 EEP for elevated ICP. Mean PaCO2 rose from 39.7 +/- 2.5 to 47.6 +/- 5.0 torr during normal ICP, and from 34.2 +/- 2.9 to 50.9 +/0- 5.3 torr at elevated ICP as PEEP was elevated to 15 cm H2O. We conclude that PEEP raised Pcsf, and that this increase is more severe under conditions of elevated ICP. The rise in Pcsf due to PEEP may be explained by either the rise in intrathoracic pressure or the rise in PaCO2, or both. PMID- 6790595 TI - Clinical and biochemical effects of stanozolol therapy for hereditary angioedema. AB - Stanozolol, an inexpensive anabolic steroid with a 30:1 anabolic:androgenic ratio, was administered to 12 male and 15 female patients with biochemically proven hereditary angioedema over a 2-yr period to obtain a systematic assessment of the relationship between drug dosage and clinical response, incidence of side effects, and amelioration of complement abnormalities. All 27 patients attained the minimal effective dose, ranging from 0.5 to 2 mg daily, which controlled the frequency and intensity of symptoms with minimal side effects. At daily maintenance doses of 2, 1, and 0.5 mg the frequencies of attacks per weeks of therapy were 1/14.6, 1/7.2, and 1/8.2 wk, respectively. Side effects with maintenance therapy included menstrual abnormalities and virilization in four females and elevation of serum creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) in five males. In six patients on maintenance doses of stanozolol, serum levels of testosterone, free thyroxin (T4), and thyroxin binding globulin (TBG) (four males), and of estradiol, progesterone, T4, and TBG (two females) were normal. Slightly low serum levels of progesterone and TBG were found in two females who had normal menstrual cycles. Statistically significant elevations above pretherapy levels of serum inhibitor to the activated first component of complement function and C4 protein and function occurred when patients were on maintenance therapy, but these measurements remained below the lower limit of normal range. Higher doses of stanozolol (4 mg/day), which caused greater immunochemical responses, were unnecessary for control of clinical disease and were unjustified for chronic therapy because of more frequent side effects. PMID- 6790596 TI - Implementation of a multidisciplinary nutritional assessment program. AB - Depending on the severity of malnutrition, protein depletion is associated with general debilitation, inanition, slow healing of wounds, delayed convalescence, increased susceptibility to infection, and other pathophysiologic conditions. In an effort to decrease the incidence and severity of these complications, Hermann Hospital and the University of Texas Medical School at Houston have implemented a comprehensive nutritional assessment program to identify clinical and subclinical malnutrition and to implement aggressive, effective therapy. A multidisciplinary team approach to nutritional assessment, therapy, and research can lead to an increased awareness of the importance of nutritional support and optimal nutritional care for the hospitalized patient under all conditions at all times. PMID- 6790598 TI - Cardiovascular control by medullary surface chemoreceptors. AB - The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of superfusion of the ventral surface of the medulla with acid hypercapnic or alkaline hypocapnic solutions have been studied in anaesthetized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats. Peripheral chemoreceptor and baroreceptor denervation was achieved by section of carotid sinus, aortic and cervical vagus nerves. Systemic arterial and central venous pressure, hindquarters blood flow, heart rate and phrenic nerve activity were recorded. Acid hypercapnic (pH 6.8, pCO2 85 mm Hg) superfusion caused increases in systemic arterial pressure, phrenic nerve activity and heart rate, and a decrease in hindquarters blood flow. Alkaline hypocapnic (pH u.i, pCO2 less than 10 mmHg) superfusion caused opposite effects. These experiments indicate a significant role of the chemoreceptors of the ventral surface of the medulla in cardiovascular control. PMID- 6790597 TI - Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes in postganglionic neurones supplying skeletal muscle and hairy skin. AB - Postganglionic neurons supplying skeletal muscle and hairy skin of the cat's hindlimb were investigated for their reactions to stimulation of carotid baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in chloralose-anaesthetized, immobilized and artificially ventilated animals. The baroreceptors were stimulated by the pulsatile blood pressure and by pressure increases applied to an isolated carotid sinus (carotid blind sac) leaving only one intact buffer nerve. Chemoreceptors were stimulated by systemic hypoxia and by intracarotid bolus injections of CO2 saturated saline. The cardiac rhythmicity of activity in the postganglionic neurones (evaluated from the post-R-wave histograms) and the neurone reactions to intracarotid pressure increases were fairly well correlated, with a coefficient of r = 0.84. The time course and magnitude of inhibitory responses to intracarotid pressure increases were identical in some of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones and postganglionic neurones supplying skeletal muscle. The majority of the postganglionic neurones supplying skin, however, exhibited a weaker inhibitory response and a different time course in their activity during and after the sinus pressure increases. Muscle postganglionic neurones were excited and the majority of the cutaneous postganglionic neurones were inhibited by stimulations of arterial chemoreceptors produced by systemic hypoxia and by intracarotid injection of CO2-saturated saline. Small fractions of the post ganglionic neurones supplying skin were excited by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors. The activity of these cutaneous postganglionic neurones showed a strong cardiac rhythmicity. It is proposed that those postganglionic neurones supplying skin which are affected by stimulation of baro- and chemoreceptors in the same manner as are the postganglionic neurones supplying skeletal muscle may innervate cutaneous resistance (nutritional) vessels. It is likewise suggested that those cutaneous postganglionic neurones inhibited by stimulation of arterial chemoreceptors and under weak control by the arterial baroreceptors may innervate cutaneous capacitance and shunt vessels. PMID- 6790599 TI - Plexiform neurofibroma in von Recklinghausen's disease: a case report. PMID- 6790600 TI - Medical care transfers, poverty and the aged. AB - This article explores alternative approaches to calculating the value of Medicare and Medicaid and the impact of these programs on the incidence of poverty among the aged. Three methodological frameworks are contrasted, both in theory and in practice. Medical benefits are measured, respectively, as the cost to the government of providing the program, as the amount of cash that would leave the recipient equally well-off, and as the amount of funds freed for spending on other goods. The size of benefits is particularly sensitive to the measurement technique employed. Consequently, when medical benefits are added to income to estimate their antipoverty impact between 1968 and 1974, the choice of measurement approach remains important. The estimated amount of poverty reduction attributable to Medicare and Medicaid ranges between 26 and 61 percent. PMID- 6790601 TI - The geriatric long-stay hospital patient: a Canadian case study. AB - This article examines the use of acute beds by the elderly in Manitoba over the five-year period, 1972--1976. The analysis reveals that transfers of long-stay (greater than 90 day) elderly to long-term care facilities took longer in 1976 than in 1972 despite major provincial initiatives which included construction of additional long-term treatment beds, expansion of home care resources, and extension of universal insurance coverage to long-term institutional and home care. Analyses of means to reduce long hospital stays prior to transfer suggests that building more long-term beds may be the least desirable policy alternative. PMID- 6790602 TI - A block grant to the states for long-term care. AB - This article addresses the policy issues and outcomes associated with the block grant option in long-term care (LTC). Block grants are being considered in a number of human service areas currently, especially in the wake of the 1980 elections. The article assumes that Medicaid and other LTC-related policies would be consolidated in a formula-based, capped block grant. The potential advantages are in the areas of responsiveness, coordination and institution-building at the state level. Potential problems include new organizational demands on the designated LTC state agency; political dislocations caused by disaffected agency and provider groups; and unequal competition for LTC resources resulting from the removal of legislative safeguards and hierarchical support. The article concludes on the note that proponents of the block grant option have not addressed a number of the major shortcomings that may accompany an LTC block grant. PMID- 6790603 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of catalase in rat liver. AB - The intracellular localization of catalase has been studied using monospecific Fab fragments against rat liver catalase (RLC) and preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. Purified RLC, exhibiting a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, was used for the immunization of rabbits. The anti-RLC IgG was purified by affinity chromatography. Fab fragments were obtained by papain digestion and were labeled with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using a modified two step procedure and glutaraldehyde as coupling agents. Livers were perfused with 4% depolymerized paraformaldehyde and chopper sections were incubated with HRP labeled Fab fragments against RLC. Because of the limited penetration of labeled Fab fragments into chopper sections a simple method for preparation of a cell suspension from aldehyde-fixed livers was devised. Adequate staining of more than 90% of cell was obtained by incubation of cell suspensions for 12--18 hr with the labeled antibody. By light microscopy specific staining was present in fine granules in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. By electron microscopy the electron dense reaction product was localized in the matrix of peroxisomes with no reaction in the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. In some hepatocytes, positively reacted peroxisomes were seen side by side with unstained particles. Although focal diffusion was noted around a few peroxisomes, no evidence of cytoplasmic catalase independent of peroxisomes was found. These observations indicate that in rat liver peroxisomes are the only organelle containing substantial amounts of catalase antigen and rule out any involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex in the sequestration of this protein. PMID- 6790604 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of primate pituitaries with antibodies against the beta subunits of human pituitary glycoprotein hormones. AB - The immunocytochemical specificity of antibodies against the beta subunits of human pituitary glycoprotein hormones was tested on human and monkey hypophyses. Anti-luteinizing hormone (LH) beta stained only gonadotrophic cells in both species, and anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) beta only thyrotrophic cells. In monkeys, anti-follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) beta demonstrated only gonadotrophs, but in man the antibody stained thyrotrophs equally well. Staining of the two cell types was diminished to a similar degree by dilution of the anti FSH beta antibody. Human gonadotroph heterogeneity was revealed by absorption of anti-FSH beta with LH beta or TSH beta, which abolished immunostaining of a subset of gonadotrophs. Limitations in the immunocytochemical specificity of antibodies against beta subunits of pituitary glycoprotein hormones may be a consequence of incomplete purity of the generating antigens, structural overlap among the beta subunit of the three hormones, or a combination of these. PMID- 6790605 TI - Double labeling study of anionic sites and concanavalin A binding sites in monkey macrophages. AB - Cationized ferritin (CF) binding, and its effect on the concanavalin A (Con A) binding pattern were studied by the double technique in monkey peritoneal macrophages. CF particles formed clumps and were internalized when cells were incubated at 37 degrees C. Such cells were fixed, and the Con A binding sites were visualized by the Con A-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method. Using the same specimen, the distribution of CF particles and the Con A-HRP product was observed under an electron microscope. The redistribution and internalization of CF particles did not affect the continuous label of the cell surface Con A binding sites. These observations suggest the independent mobility of cell surface anionic sites and Con A binding sites. PMID- 6790606 TI - Immunochemistry of groups A, B, and C meningococcal polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. AB - The successful coupling of the meningococcal groups A, B, and C polysaccharides to tetanus toxoid to yield water soluble conjugates is described. Reactive aldehyde groups were strategically introduced into the terminal residues of the polysaccharides by the controlled periodate oxidation of the native groups B and C polysaccharides and of the group A polysaccharide previously modified by the reduction of its terminal reducing N-acetyl-mannosamine residue. This produced essentially monovalent polysaccharide molecules, which were subsequently covalently linked to tetanus toxoid by means of reductive amination. Although the groups A and C polysaccharides proved to be poor immunogens in rabbits and mice, their tetanus toxoid conjugates produced high levels of polysaccharide-specific antibodies in both animals. By contrast, even in the form of its tetanus toxoid conjugate, the group B polysaccharide failed to elicit homologous polysaccharide specific antibodies in either animal; a major proportion of the antibodies actually produced had a specificity for the linkage area of the conjugate. This evidence is compatible with the hypothesis of the poor immunogenicity of the group B polysaccharide being structure related. Hyperimmunization of mice with the groups A and C polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates produced antisera with good bactericidal activity against their respective homologous organisms, and indicated the potential of these conjugates as potential human vaccines. PMID- 6790607 TI - A differentiation antigen of human NK and K cells identified by a monoclonal antibody (HNK-1). AB - A monoclonal IgM antibody (HNK-1) was produced against a membrane antigen from the cultured T cell line, HSB-2. By indirect immunofluorescence, this antibody reacted with certain human cultured T cell lines (HSB-2 and MOLT-4 but not MOLT 3) but not with other lines of B cell or phagocytic cell origin. HNK-1 reacted with 15.1 +/- 7.1% of normal blood lymphocytes but was unreactive with monocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets. HNK-1+ cells separated by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were a homogeneous population of medium sized lymphocytes with abundant neutrophilic cytoplasm containing azurophilic granules. HNK-1+ cells were nonadherent, surface Ig-, mostly FcIgG receptor+ and both positive and negative for demonstrable sheep erythrocyte (E) rosetting capability. Cell suspensions enriched for E-rosetting T cells and depleted of FcIgG receptor+ cells contained few (6%) HNK-1+ cells. Depletion of HNK-1+ cells from blood mononuclear cell populations by complement (C) mediated lysis greatly reduced NK activity against K-562 target cells and K cell lytic activity against antibody-coated chicken red blood cells. Treatment with HNK-1 alone or C alone did not affect these activities. When the FACS was utilized to separate HNK-1+ and HNK-1- cells from 6 individuals, the HNK-1+ cell population contained almost all of the NK and K cell function. The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 thus defines the first differentiation antigen shown to be selectively expressed on human NK and K cells. PMID- 6790608 TI - Most B cells that have switched surface immunoglobulin isotypes generate clones of cells that do not secrete IgM. AB - The order of genes coding for the constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains is 5'-C mu, C delta, C gamma 3, C gamma 1, C gamma 2b, C gamma 2a, C epsilon, C alpha-3'. To try to determine whether switching of the expression of heavy chain genes is irreversible and occurs in a direction from 5' to 3' within a cell line, we have isolated B cells bearing particular membrane isotypes, stimulated them to generate clones, and assayed daughter cells for secreted antibody. B cell with and without surface IgM and IgD, and B cells with and without surface IgG, were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Fractionated cells were individually stimulated with phosphorylcholine in a splenic fragment assay, and the antibody secreted by clonal progeny was assayed for several heavy chain isotypes by radioimmunoassay. The results show that 1) B cells bearing IgM and IgD can produce individual clones of cells secreting 3 isotypes of anti phosphorylcholine antibody--IgM, IgG, and IgA; 2) most B cells expressing surface IgG generate clones that secrete IgG but not IgM; and 3) most B cells from gut associated lymphoid tissue that do not express surface IgM or IgD generate clones of cells that secrete IgA but not IgM. Therefore, IgM- and IgD-bearing cells can give rise to progeny that secrete IgM, IgG, and IgA. Once B cells switch to a different surface isotype, they appear restricted in isotype potential, since they frequently generate clones of cells that do not secrete IgM. These findings suggest that isotype switching is generally irreversible, and isotypes are expressed in a 5'- to -3' direction that is consistent with the germline gene order. PMID- 6790609 TI - Human T lymphocyte/monocyte interaction in response to lectin: kinetics of entry into the S-phase. AB - PHA-mediated mitogenesis of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes was studied by using highly purified cell populations. The kinetics of human, mature T cell [3H] Tdr incorporation were examined with respect to those elements necessary and sufficient for the progression of the activated T cell into the S-phase of the cell cycle. These experiments indicated that although a lectin may independently initiate morphologic T cell blastogenesis, this event is not associated with significant progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This blastogenic response is associated with the subsequent T cell receptivity to monocyte initiated cell cycle progression, and the effect of monocytes can be substituted by partially purified Interleukin 1 (IL-1). Progression of a lectin exposed T cell into the S-phase of the cell cycle could also be achieved by exposing the activated T cell to partially purified Interleukin 2 (IL-2). Given the prior demonstrations that IL-1 functions to induce the T cell-dependent production of the IL-2, it appears that IL-2 is the requisite signal necessary for the activated human lymphocyte to actually progress through the prereplicative phase of the cycle into the S-phase. PMID- 6790610 TI - IgE antibody production in guinea pigs treated with cyclophosphamide. AB - Guinea pig anaphylactic responses usually involve IgG1 antibodies. Although IgE antibody production has been accomplished, a reliable and sustained method for production has not been described. We have investigated a method of enhancing IgE antibody production in guinea pigs. The criteria for IgE production were homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) antibody activity that passed an affinity column of rabbit anti-guinea pig IgG1, heat lability (56 degrees C for 3 hr), and a long sensitization period in skin (7 days). Hartley guinea pigs were primed and boosted monthly with 1 microgram Picryl-Ascaris plus 1 mg of alum i.p. Some Hartley guinea pigs also received cyclophosphamide (250 mg/kg) before the first boost. English short-hair guinea pigs (previously shown to be good IgE producers) were immunized similarly but received no cyclophosphamide. Hartley animals receiving no cyclophosphamide inconsistently made low titered IgE anti hapten antibody (1:100). Fifteen of 15 Hartley animals that received cyclophosphamide had high titers (1:2000) of IgE anti-hapten antibody. English short-hair animals had moderate titers (1:400), and not all animals responded. Thus, cyclophosphamide converted IgE nonresponder Hartley guinea pigs to uniformly high responders. This method provides material to study the biologic properties of IgE in this species, and also provides a model to study the apparent suppression of IgE responses in Hartley guinea pigs. PMID- 6790611 TI - Characterization of phosphorylcholine- (PC) specific IgE-B cells in CBA/N or (CBA/N x BALB/c)F1 male mice. AB - Surface immunoglobulin isotype of precursors for PC-specific IgE response in CBA/N or NBF1 male mice was studied. Immunization of CBA/N or NBF1 male mice, which had been lethally irradiated and reconstituted with KLH-primed syngeneic spleen cells, with PC-KLH induced the PC-specific IgE, but not the IgM, response. Depletion of mu-bearing cells from KLH-primed spleen cells completely abolished the induction of the anti-PC IgE response. Depletion of T15 idiotype-bearing cells with anti-T15-coated dishes also abrogated the anti-PC IgE response in NBF1 male mice. Mice that were transferred with delta- or epsilon-bearing cell depleted cell populations did not show the anti-PC IgE response on day 14, but they showed the anti-PC IgE response on day 21. These results indicated that PC specific IgE-producing cells in CBA/N mice, which were defective in the anti-PC IgM response, were derived from PC-specific mu-bearing cells, and direct precursors bore mu, delta, and epsilon on their surface. PMID- 6790612 TI - Determination of IgG subclasses and Gm allotypes in culture supernatants of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human blood lymphocytes. AB - Concentrations of the 4 IgG subclasses, of IgM, and of IgA were determined in culture supernatants of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells isolated from human peripheral blood. Time-course studies showed cumulative secretion of IgM, IgA, and the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG3 but not of IgG4. In supernatants of 7-day cultures of unseparated mononuclear cells, IgG1 was predominant, followed by IgG2 and IgG3. Removal of most monocytes from the mononuclear cells resulted in an overall decrease of immunoglobulin production but had no influence on the relative IgG subclass distribution. In supernatants of T cell-enriched cultures, the synthesized IgG was deficient in IgG1. Likewise, in supernatants of B cell-enriched cultures, IgG2 exceeded IgG1 concentration. Elimination of the T gamma cells suggested some influence of this subset on IgG2 production. Gm allotypes determined in supernatants corresponded to those in serum of the blood donors. PMID- 6790613 TI - Plasticity of the immune response phenotype: evidence that responses against cell interaction molecules may determine the immune response phenotype in a given host environment. PMID- 6790614 TI - Increased natural killer cell activity in experimental American trypanosomiasis. AB - These studies showed that increased natural killer (NK) cell activity develops during experimental American Trypanosomiasis in mice. Increased cytotoxicity against YAC target cells by peritoneal cavity cells (PEC) was detected as early as 1 day into infection in both C3H/He and C57BL/6 mice. Peak activity occurred 2 days into infection, with significant but variable increases detected in the spleen cells (SC) from these mice. The response subsided in PEC and to a lesser extent in SC by 4 days post-infection. Similar responses were not detected in infected C57BL/6 bgJ/bgJ (beige mutant) mice until the fourth day of infection and peaked at significantly lower levels than the peak on day 2 in beige hybrid mice ([C57BL/6 +/+ X C57BL/6 bgJ/bgJ]F1). The effector cell from infected mice was sensitive to pretreatment with anti-NK 1.2 serum plus complement (C), partially sensitive to anti-Thy 1.2 + C, and insensitive to polyvalent anti-mouse immunoglobulin + C. The cytotoxic activity induced in cells from mice infected for 2 days was recovered in subpopulations nonadherent to plastic or Sephadex G 10. Thus, the anti-YAC effector cell found very early in mice infected with T. cruzi possessed many of the characteristics of natural killer (NK) cells found in normal mice. Other experiments demonstrated that injection of heat-killed preparations of blood-form trypomastigotes (BFT) induced increases in NK activity. The presence of augmented NK activity against YAC tumor cells in both resistant and susceptible strains of mice, together with the presentation of the resistance phenotype in beige mutant mice, which had a lower NK response to infection, is not indicative of a direct role for host protection during infection with T. cruzi by NK cells. PMID- 6790615 TI - Order of events leading to surface immunoglobulin capping: analysis of a transmembrane signal. AB - Capping provides a rapid assay for the transduction of 1 type of membrane signal generated by the cross-linking of cell surface receptors. The order of the steps comprising this signal was determined by employing reversible inhibitors of lymphocyte surface Ig capping in a sequential incubation protocol. The results demonstrated that surface Ig cross-linking leads to capping by a linear series of discrete events. Although the steps inhibited by the calcium ionophore A23187 and the tranquilizer chlorpromazine could not be distinguished, other agents also thought to influence calcium distribution in the cell acted at different steps. The order of inhibited steps was shown to be: 1) hydrocortisone; 2) calcium ionophore or chlorpromazine; 3) cytochalasins; 4) dibucaine; 5) propranolol; 6) fluoride; 7) azide. These results suggest a model wherein cross-linked membrane Ig aggregates engage the preassembled microfilament system by means of a calcium dependent linkage. Further calcium redistribution within the cell then leads to an energy-consuming contractile event. PMID- 6790616 TI - Restriction in IgM expression. III. Affinity analysis of monoclonal anti-lactose antibodies. AB - A clonal analysis has been made of the murine BALB/C response to lactose containing immunogens with respect to the affinity restriction in IgM expression. Monoclonal IgM and IgG antibodies were prepared from antilactosyl hybridomas generated from mice immunized with p-aminophenyl-beta-lactoside (PAPL) coupled to BGG or with a vaccine of Streptococcus faecalis (Strain N). Association constants for the binding of monovalent derivatives of PAPL were measured by quenching fluorescence. These derivatives carried a probe (2,4-dinitrophenyl or 1 dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl) that served to quench the protein fluorescence when the ligand was complexed with the protein. The central finding was that with both immunogens a restriction in the affinity of IgM was demonstrated since the highest values exhibited by IgG antibody exceeded by at least a factor of 50 the highest comparable values of the association constants for IgM antibody. It is suggested that the hypothesis of germ-line restriction, previously proposed as the basis for the affinity restriction of IgM, may also be applicable to the T cell receptor since its distinctive properties parallel those of IgM antibody. PMID- 6790617 TI - Monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes the receptor for transferrin on human acute lymphocytic leukemia cells. AB - The monoclonal antibody OKT-9 recognizes a surface protein of human lymphocytes that consists of a disulfide bonded homodimer of m.w. 200,000 intact and 95,000 reduced. A similar protein is precipitated by transferrin-agarose, but not by agarose alone. Peptide mapping by limited proteolysis shows that the proteins precipitated by OKT-9 antibodies and transferrin-agarose are homologous. It is concluded that OKT-9 antibodies recognize the transferrin receptor. Expression of receptors for transferrin may be useful as a marker for activated or dividing cells. PMID- 6790618 TI - Deactivation of human neutrophil chemotaxis by chemoattractants: effect on receptors for the chemotactic factor f-Met-Leu-Phe. AB - Normal human peripheral blood PMN were exposed to varying concentrations of partially purified chemotactic complement fragments (C5fr) and a chemotactic peptide N-formyl methionylleucylphenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe). This exposure resulted in a decreased chemotactic response termed deactivation of chemotaxis. Deactivation was found to be nonpreferential for the deactivating stimulus when high concentrations of either f-Met-Leu-Phe (10(-6) M) or C5fr (20 micrograms/ml) were used. When PMN were incubated with lower concentrations of C5fr (10 micrograms/ml), there was preferential deactivation towards C5fr. Similarly, preferential deactivation of chemotaxis was observed when PMN were incubated with 10(-6) M f-Met-Leu-Phe, but this was transient and cells were nonpreferentially deactivated 60 min after the initial exposure to f-Met-Leu-Phe. The availability of receptors for tritiated f-Met-Leu-Phe was examined by Scatchard analyses and measurement of reversible f-Met-Leu-[3H]Phe binding to C5fr and f-Met-Leu-Phe deactivated PMN. When PMN f-Met-Leu-Phe receptors were studied immediately after exposure to concentrations of C5fr causing either preferential or nonpreferential deactivation, there was increased receptor availability compared with control PMN. In contrast, PMN deactivated with high concentrations of f-Met-Leu-Phe 10( 6) M) had a transient decrease in the number of receptors followed 1 hr later by an increase in the number of receptors. This was similar to the functional correlate of preferential deactivation of chemotaxis immediately after incubation with f-Met-Leu-Phe followed by nonpreferential deactivation in these same PMN. The data indicate that preferential deactivation of chemotaxis may be associated with a preferential decrease (down-regulation) of chemoattractant receptors and that nonpreferential deactivation is associated with an increase in chemoattractant receptors. PMID- 6790620 TI - Increased expression of I-region-associated antigen (Ia) on B cells after cross linking of surface immunoglobulin. AB - Both surface Ig (sIg) surface Ia (sIa) have been shown to have important roles in B lymphocyte activation. In order to investigate a possible relationship between these molecules, we studied the effects of cross-linking of sIg on the expression of sIa, as measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of lymphoid cells stained with conventional anti-Ia anti-serum or with fluorescein-labeled anti-Ia antibodies. Exposure of cells for 24 hr in vitro to anti-delta, anti-mu, anti-kappa antibodies, or their F(ab')2 fragments induced a very dramatic increase in expression of sIa. Similarly, i.v. injection of anti-delta antibodies into adult mice induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in expression of B cell sIa on spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch lymphocytes. There was no increase under these conditions in expression of other B lymphocyte surface antigens, including H-2, 4B9, and 17C9. Furthermore, exposure of B lymphocytes to antibodies directed to B lymphocyte surface antigens other than sIg did not result in an increase in expression of sIa. The anti-Ig-induced increase in sIa expression appeared to be T independent, required cellular protein synthesis, and required more time to occur than did the cross-linking and removal of sIg. This increase in expression of sIa did not occur on B lymphocytes obtained from mice younger than 3 wk old. This increase in expression of sIa may reflect a proximal event in B lymphocyte activation that occurs after cross-linking of sIg by antigen and that may enhance subsequent cellular interactions involving B lymphocytes. PMID- 6790619 TI - Characterization of stages and strains of Trypanosoma cruzi by analysis of cell membrane components. PMID- 6790622 TI - Structural studies of a human gamma 3 myeloma protein (Goe) that binds staph protein A. AB - The partial amino acid sequence of the Fc region of an unusual monoclonal immunoglobulin molecule (Goe), which had the allotypic markers Gm (b0, b3, b5, s, t, v), rarely encountered in Caucasians, was determined. Protein Goe was previously shown to belong to the gamma 3 subclass by antigenic typing, to possess a gamma 3-like hinge region and a gamma 1-like carboxy-terminal octadecapeptide, and to bind to staphylococcal protein A. The sequence of protein Goe resembled that of gamma 3 molecules except for the presence of tyrosine at position 296, alanine at position 339, and histidine and tyrosine at positions 435 and 436. It is of interest that histidine 435 appears to play an important role in binding to Staph protein A. Since tyrosine and phenylalanine at 296 and 300 are typical of G3m(g) molecules, whereas protein Goe is G3m(g-), this may correspond to the non-b1 allotypic marker. Of the numerous explanations to account for these findings, the most likely possibilities are that protein Goe is either a hybrid molecule or the product of a germ line gene representing the G3m s allotype, which is rare in Caucasians and common in Mongoloid populations. Support for the latter alternative is provided by the isolation from normal serum of a small amount of a protein having many of the properties of protein Goe. PMID- 6790621 TI - A genetic locus responsible for salmonella susceptibility in BSVS mice is not responsible for the limited T-dependent immune responsiveness of BSVS mice. AB - BSVS mice are known to be highly susceptible to salmonella infection. We have shown that the bulk of the difference in susceptibility between BSVS and salmonella-resistant A/J mice is the result of a genetic difference at a single locus not closely linked to H-2, Igh-C, or Hbb, and not X-linked. We have backcrossed the A/J allele at this locus into BSVS mice for 8 successive generations and have demonstrated that the salmonella resistance afforded by this allele is not the result of a restoration of the generalized poor T-dependent responsiveness of BSVS mice. The salmonella resistance locus we have examined with these 2 strains is probably the same as the Ity locus described by others. PMID- 6790623 TI - Unusual phenotypes of human inducer T cells as measured by OKT4 and related monoclonal antibodies. AB - OKT4, a murine monoclonal antibody, was previously shown to react with inducer/helper T cells in man. We now report the absence of this reactivity in 2 subjects of African ancestry and the production of 4 new monoclonal antibodies (OKT4A-D) that detect distinct antigens on human inducer/helper T cells. PMID- 6790625 TI - A novel human T cell antigen preferentially expressed on mature T cells and shared by both well and poorly differentiated B cell leukemias and lymphomas. AB - A new lymphocyte differentiation antigen shared by all normal T cells and some malignant B cells was defined by a monoclonal antibody designated 12.1. This antibody reacted with all peripheral blood T cells but not with normal B cells and B cell lines. Analysis with a fluorescence activated cell sorter showed that the expression of 12.1 antigen changes during T cell maturation. Most thymocytes, blasts of acute T cell leukemia, and cells from established leukemic T cell lines bear a small amount of 12.1 antigen. In contrast the majority of peripheral blood T cells, activated T cells, and leukemic T cells of the Sezary syndrome bear a large amount of 12.1 antigen. Unexpectedly, antibody 12.1 reacted with leukemic cells from most patients with B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and some patients with lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LSCL). Among these leukemias, expression of the 12.1 antigen was not correlated with the stage of B cell maturation, with the amount of surface immunoglobulin on the cells, or with the presence or absence of monoclonal gammapathy. In a comparative serologic analysis the antigen defined by antibody 12.1 was distinct from the p67 T cell antigen (defined by monoclonal antibody 10.2) that is also known to be expressed by B type CLL cells. PMID- 6790624 TI - Surface antigens on mouse natural killer cells: use of monoclonal antibodies to inhibit or to enrich cytotoxic activity. AB - In studies using monoclonal antibodies to cell-surface antigens we have identified 2 new antigens (H11 and 7.2) expressed on mouse NK cells. These are shared with T cells but not B cells. We have also shown that NK cells express T200 but lack detectable ThB or Lyt-1. The T200 and H11 surface molecules were implicated in the mediation or regulation of natural killing; monoclonal antibodies to T200 and H11 inhibited natural killing when added to the cytotoxicity assay but did not interfere with T cell cytotoxicity against the same target. The inhibitory effect of anti-T200 is consistent with recent evidence showing that antibodies to the Ly-5 polymorphic determinant on T200 block natural killing. The H11 determinants is on a different molecule. The absence of Lyt-1 and ThB on NK cells permitted development of a rapid and simple method for separating NK cells from T cells and B cells. Spleen cells incubated with rat monoclonal antibodies to Lyt-1 (on all T cells) and ThB (on all B cells) were 95% removed by adherence to Petri dishes coated with antiserum to rat immunoglobulin. The natural killer activity in the nonadherent population was enriched 16-fold. PMID- 6790626 TI - Biosynthetic incorporation of [75Se]selenomethionine: a new method for labelling lymphocyte membrane antigens. AB - A novel approach for radiolabelling lymphocyte membrane antigens is described. This technique is based on the use of the gamma-emitting amino acid analogue [75Se]selenomethionine. Human HLA-A, B, C and DR heavy and light chains and mouse Ia antigens were efficiently labelled by this technique and were precipitated with monoclonal antibodies. Approximately the same radioactivity was incorporated into the HLA-A, B, C chains whether [75Se]selenomethionine, [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine were used as precursors. Easily detectable as a gamma-emitter, [75Se]selenomethionine thus constitutes a useful biosynthetic label of lymphocyte surface antigens. The same method was used to label immunoglobulins produced by hybridomas and to determine the nature of the secreted light chains. PMID- 6790627 TI - A new assay for cytotoxic lymphocytes, based on a radioautographic readout of 111 In release, suitable for rapid, semi-automated assessment of limit-dilution cultures. AB - A new assay for cytotoxic T lymphocytes is described, of general application, but particularly suitable for rapid, semi-automated assessment of multiple microculture tests. Target cells are labelled with high efficiency and to high specific activity with the oxine chelate of 111 indium. After a 3-4 h incubation of test cells with 5 X 10(3) labelled target cells in V wells of microtitre trays, samples of the supernatant are spotted on paper (5 microliter) or transferred to soft-plastic U wells (25-50 microliter) and the 111 In release assessed by radio-autography. Overnight exposure of X-ray film with intensifying screens at -70 degrees C gives and image which is an intense dark spot for maximum release, a barely visible darkening with the low spontaneous release, and a definite positive with 10% specific lysis. The degree of film darkening, which can be quantitated by microdensitometry, shows a linear relationship with cytotoxic T lymphocyte dose up to the 40% lysis level. The labelling intensity and sensitivity can be adjusted over a wide range, allowing a single batch of the short half-life isotope to serve for 2 weeks. The 96 assays from a single tray are developed simultaneously on a single small sheet of film. Many trays can be processed together, and handling is rapid if 96-channel automatic pipettors are used. The method allows rapid visual scanning for positive and negative limit dilution cultures in cytotoxic T cell precursor frequency and specificity studies. In addition, in conjunction with an automated densitometer designed to scan microtitre trays, the method provides an efficient alternative to isotope counting in routine cytotoxic assays. PMID- 6790628 TI - Evidence for an H-2-linked Ir gene regulating the immune response to a TI-2 antigen, DNP-Ficoll. AB - Various H-2 congenic mouse pairs were immunized with 10 microgram of DNP53 Ficoll, a thymic independent (TI-2) antigen. Four-day primary splenic immune responses were measured by a DNP-reactive PFC assay. Significantly different responses were noted between partners of many congenic pairs. An H-2 linked Ir gene for DNP-Ficoll appears likely. PMID- 6790629 TI - The rare Rh haplotypes -D- and --- in a family with A -D-/--- propositus. PMID- 6790630 TI - Patterns of oropharyngeal and fecal flora in patients with acute leukemia. AB - The oropharyngeal and fecal flora in 33 patients hospitalized with acute leukemia was examined. Normal flora predominated on admission. All patients received chemotherapy during the 48 hr after admission and at least one course of antibiotics during hospitalization. By the end of the study, 68% of the initial normal throat flora and 57% of the fecal flora had disappeared. The shift in flora was mainly due to the persistence or acquisition of aerobic gram-negative bacilli. Before antibiotics were given, the normal flora in both sites had already decreased in quantity, and increased numbers of aerobic gram-negative bacilli were found. After the first course of antibiotics, a further decrease in the total number of normal strains was observed. Information obtained from surveillance cultures was helpful for understanding the changes in flora but did not correlate with the microbiology of the infectious processes and could not be used to predict infection. PMID- 6790632 TI - Summary of a symposium on yellow fever. PMID- 6790631 TI - Surveillance cultures. PMID- 6790633 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina: (2) a study on isolation rates of group B streptococci in the vagina of pregnant and non pregnant women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790635 TI - [Epidemiological study of food poisoning: [I]. (sequential changes and annual statistics)]. PMID- 6790634 TI - [The first case of Legionnaires' disease in Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790636 TI - [Studies on the effect of pulmonary resistance to bacterial infection in mice after exposure to nitrogen dioxide--with special reference to activities of alveolar macrophages-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790637 TI - [Spread of salmonellae in public parks with pigeon droppings: comparison of serotypes and biotypes between strains isolated from pigeons and from human patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790638 TI - [Aphidicolin: a specific inhibitor of eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790639 TI - [Electron beam therapy for local recurrent breast cancer--the relationship between prognosis, and histopathology and clinical manifestation of recurrence (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790640 TI - [Chemo-endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer--a combined treatment with tamoxifen and FT 207-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790642 TI - [Educational lecture of cancer chemotherapy: with references to stomach cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790641 TI - [ACF combination consisting of adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and oral futraful for recurrent advanced breast cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790643 TI - Characteristics of the metabolic response of human monocytes to red cells sensitized with anti-D alloantibodies. AB - In these studies we have characterized the metabolism of the HMPS pathway of PBMs and PMNs from normal persons during interaction with human red cells sensitized with anti-D alloantibody. This was correlated with ADCC as determined by the 51Cr release assay. In this system, the lysis by PBMs of RBCs sensitized with anti-D alloantibodies was mediated by both monocytes and lymphocytes, although the activity of the monocytes was greater. Monocytes, but not lymphocytes, has a burst in HMPS activity during interaction with anti-D-sensitized RBCs. This could be detected with T:E ratios similar to those which caused 51Cr release from the target. Oxygen was required for optimal lysis of antibody-coated RBCs by monocytes, but ADCC was not totally impaired under hypoxic conditions, suggesting that mononuclear cells may have at least two mechanisms for accomplishing ADCC one that is oxygen-dependent and another that does not involve oxygen radicals. ADCC under aerobic conditions was accompanied by a burst in HMPS activity. In the absence of oxygen there was a 60% reduction in ADCC and no stimulation of the HMPS. However, results of studies for detection of oxygen radicals using standard scavengers during ADCC were negative. In contrast to monocytes, PMNs did not mediate significant ADCC in similar T:E ratios and did not have a metabolic burst when incubated with anti-D-sensitized RBCs. This appears to relate to the low activity of PMNs compared to monocytes in the lysis of RBCs sensitized with anti D antibody. PMID- 6790644 TI - Decreased prostacyclin production in the infant of the diabetic mother. AB - Maternal diabetes mellitus is recognized to be a predisposing factor to thrombosis in the neonate. In the adult with diabetes, abnormalities in the metabolism of AA by the platelet and vessel wall occur, which result in an increase in proaggregatory platelet thromboxane A2. A decrease in antiaggregatory vascular PGI2 has been demonstrated in the diabetic rat, although conclusive proof of a similar abnormality is lacking in humans. We evaluated vascular AA metabolism in 10 IDM (groups II and III comparison to 20 control neonates of gestational ages 32 to 40 weeks (group I). Mean uptakes of labeled AA into vascular tissue of both controls and IDM were similar. The conversion of [14C] AA to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was not dependent on gestational age (r = 0.223) in the control neonates, with a mean value of 5.2% +/- 1.3 (1 S.D.). A marked decrease (p less than 0.001) in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha formation to 1.7% +/- 0.3 was found in the group II IDM of mothers with poor diabetic control (HbA1c = 9.3% +/- 0.5). In the group III neonates whose mothers had normal HBA1c levels (6.1% +/- 0.9), 6 keto-PGF1 alpha production was normal at 4.9% +/- 0.8. Although no correlation between maternal fasting blood glucose and neonatal 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was demonstrable, a significant inverse correlation (r = 0.872; p less than 0.02) was observed between maternal HbA1c levels and the conversion of AA to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha in the vascular tissues of the IDM. It appear possible that abnormalities in platelet-vascular AA metabolism may play an etiologic role in the vascular complications present in some IDM. PMID- 6790645 TI - A simplified breath-holding method for measuring oxygenated mixed venous carbon dioxide pressure. AB - We have attempted to simplify the breath-holding method for measuring mixed venous PCO2 by the use of a single breath of 100% O2. This method is based on analysis of partial pressures of CO2 in three samples of alveolar gas obtained at 5, 10, and 15 sec of breath-holding after inspiration of 100% oxygen. Assuming exponential build-up of CO2 in alveolar gas, oxygenated mixed venous PCO2 can then be determined. Results in 35 subjects were compared with those of the previously reported breath-holding method for estimating oxygenated mixed venous PCO2 based on inspiring two gas mixtures; correlation coefficient was found to be 0.92. In 17 patients, samples of blood were obtained from the pulmonary artery by percutaneous catheterization; measured values in blood correlated well with the oxygenated non-invasively determined values (r = 0.83). PMID- 6790646 TI - Maxillofacial deformities in neurofibromatosis. AB - Four patients with neurofibromatosis are described: all displayed the feature of an increased depth of the sigmoid notch probably due to an expansive growing neurofibroma of the inferior alveolar nerve. One patient had a local neurofibroma with an invasive growth pattern and only this patient shows hyperplasia of the bone. The suggestion is made, contrary to what is found in the literature, that only the invasive growth type gives rise to hyperplasia and this type is always concomitant with a localized form of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6790647 TI - Opportunities for health services research in the VA with regard to care of the aged. PMID- 6790648 TI - Dissociation in the regulation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in a hyperprolactinaemic rat model: interrelationships between gonadotrophin and prolactin control. AB - Male and female Wistar rats were made hyperprolactinaemic by grafting two pituitary glands of litter-mate donors under the kidney capsule at 30 days of age. Other animals were sham-operated at the same age to serve as controls. Plasma levels of prolactin, LH and FSH were measured by double-antibody radioimmunoassay. Basal preoperative prolactin levels of approximately 10 ng/ml increased after the transplantation in both male and female rats, reaching values of approximately 180 ng/ml. Levels of LH were significantly reduced in these hyperprolactinaemic rats, whereas an increase in FSH values were seen. After administration of LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) a reduced LH response was seen but there was no response of FSH to LH-RH or even a decrease in FSH values. Prolactin levels were also reduced by LH-RH injection. Although an increase in prolactin levels was observed in control animals after a challenge with oestradiol benzoate, reduced increments were seen in experimental animals. The positive feedback effect of oestradiol benzoate on LH in females was reduced in pituitary grafted rats but a potentiation of the FSH positive feedback could be clearly detected. This study suggests a dissociation of LH and FSH regulation in hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 6790649 TI - Time-related secretion of gonadotrophins after a single injection of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid in prepubertal and adult female rats. AB - The time-related changes in gonadotrophin concentrations after a single injection of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF), which contains material with inhibin-like activity, were studied in 25-day-old and adult female rats which either were intact or had been ovariectomized 2 days before. In ovariectomized and intact rats administration of bFF caused a selective suppression of FSH after 4--8 h in 25-day-old rats and after 3--4 h in adult rats. No systematic changes in concentrations of LH after bFF injection were observed. Relative suppression of FSH levels in adult rats was more pronounced and of longer duration than in 25 day-old rats. Moreover, the total period of suppression lasted longer in ovariectomized than in intact rats (12 and 8 h for 25-day-old and 24 and 15 h for adult rats respectively). Hypersecretion of FSH was found in intact rats after the initial suppression; this phenomenon was more pronounced and of long duration in adult than in 25-day-old rats. No clear change in the numbers of healthy growing follicles was observed after injection of bFF into intact rats. These results indicate that the pituitary secretion of FSH responds quickly and selectively after administration of bFF to intact and ovariectomized, 25-day-old and adult female rats. The hypersecretion of FSH in intact rats might compensate for the initial suppression of this gonadotrophin, and may thus ensure the maturation of a normal number of follicles. PMID- 6790650 TI - Repetitive treatment with gonadotrophin releasing factor or a long-acting analogue upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret. AB - The changes in plasma levels of LH and FSH were examined after treatment of intact and ovariectomized females ferrets with a long-acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing factor (Gn-RF) (D-Ser(But)6-LH-releasing hormone (1-9) nonapeptide ethylamide; Hoe 766) either as a single intravenous injection or daily for 6 days. The responses were compared with those induced by daily injections of Gn-RF or 0.9% NaCl (w/v). Treatment with Gn-RF consistently induced rises in both LH and FSH release with peak levels of both hormones being reached 20 min after injection and being of similar size from day to day in individual animals. Thereafter, the gonadotrophin levels declined rapidly to approach basal values by the end of each sampling period. Treatment with Hoe 766, however, produced very high values on day 1 of treatment, with LH being raised for 10-12 h and FSH for up to 24 h. Subsequent injections, on the other hand, produced an abbreviated LH response of similar size to that induced by Gn-RF and little, if any, FSH response. In ovariectomized ferrets, Hoe 766 induced a variable LH response and little FSH response at any time. In addition, basal FSH levels in the first three samples taken on each day from day 2 onwards tended to decline markedly in all of the Hoe 766-treated animals, an effect not seen in Gn-RF or 0.9% NaCl-treated controls. PMID- 6790651 TI - Assessment of the "E' book as a tool for drug monitoring. AB - For two years, the following records were linked for 10 453 people: (1) basic attributes; (2) details of prescriptions; and (3) information about illnesses recorded by general practitioners (GPs) in an "E' book. Analyses were performed to reveal association between drugs and diagnoses. Although the "E' book has certain disadvantages for drug monitoring, the methods proved to be capable of detecting adverse effects of drugs. Unfortunately the number of practitioners using "E' books would be too small for detection of most serious hazards such as the induction of cancer. Hence it is concluded that the first priority should be to establish a record linkage scheme covering hospital admissions, obstetric deliveries, and deaths. PMID- 6790652 TI - A definite number of aphidicolin-sensitive cell-cyclic events are required for acetylcholinesterase development in the presumptive muscle cells of the ascidian embryos. AB - In order to determine whether or not a crucial number of DNA replications are prerequisite for cellular differentiation, we have studied development of a tissue-specific enzyme, muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the presumptive muscle cells of cleavage-arrested ascidian embryos. Embryos were cleavage arrested with cytochalasin B (an inhibitor of cytokinesis) and aphidicolin (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis). The 64-cell-stage embryos which had been permanently cleavage-arrested with cytochalasin B developed AChE in all the eight presumptive muscle cells, but the same stage embryos which had been prevented from undergoing further divisions by simultaneous treatment with aphidicolin and cytochalasin did not produce AChE at all. Cytochalasin-arrested 76-cell-stage embryos were able to differentiate AChE in the ten presumptive muscle cells, while aphidicolin cytochalasin-arrested 76-cell stages in as many as four cells. The early gastrulae which had been arrested with cytochalasin B produced AChE in all the sixteen presumptive muscle cells, while the same stage embryos arrested with aphidicolin and cytochalasin in as many as twelve cells. Cytochalasin-arrested late gastrulae developed AChE in twenty blastomeres, while aphidicolin cytochalasin-arrested late gastrulae in eighteen cells. The presumptive muscle cells at these four stages consist of three different (seventh, eighth, and ninth) generations, and the relative positions of the blastomeres in the cleavage arrested embryos remained fixed. Judging from the relative positions of the blastomeres, the AChE-producing cells in aphidicolin-cytochalasin-arrested embryos were always at eighth or ninth generation, while those with no AChE activity were certainly at seventh generation. Based on these findings it was supposed that aphidicolin-sensitive cell-cycle events, presumably DNA replication, are closely associated with AChE development and that the eighth cleavage cycle may be 'quantal' for the histospecific enzyme development. PMID- 6790653 TI - Ionic induction of the frog cement-gland cell from presumptive ectodermal tissues. AB - Cells of the superficial layer which had been explanted from the presumptive ectoderm of Rana japonica early gastrulae at stage 10 differentiated into cement gland cells (CGCs) when cultured in Barth's solution containing 90-130 mM-NaCl, and into common epidermal cells and cilia cells when cultured in a solution containing 20-40 mM-NaCl. They failed to differentiate, however, when cultured in a solution in which NaCl is 15 mM or lower. The optimum condition for inducing the differentiation of CGC was stimulating them with a solution containing 130 mM NaCl for 6-10 h at 18 degrees C, followed by culturing in a solution containing 15-40 mM-NaCl for 7 days. The greatest ability to react to the CGC-inducing stimuli resided in the superficial layer of the presumptive ectoderm of the embryo at stages 10-11. Under the optimum condition, the total volume of CGCs induced amounted to about 85% of the explanted tissue. High percentage comparable to this was obtained with stimulation by KCl, RbCl, sucrose or mannitol. PMID- 6790654 TI - Selective effect of gonadotrophins on cell coupling, nuclear maturation and protein synthesis in mammalian oocytes. AB - Individual gonadotrophic hormones were used to examine the degree to which changes in intercellular coupling between somatic and germ cells initiate meiotic maturation, regulate protein synthesis or alter the ultrastructure of the ovine oocyte. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH; 50 ng ml-1) suppressed intercellular coupling to the same extent as that observed during oocyte maturation in vivo. At low concentrations FSH did not, however, initiate resumption of meiosis. By contrast, luteinising hormone (LH; 100-500 ng ml-1) invariably initiated meiosis in oocytes cultured within the follicle but did not disrupt intercellular coupling. We conclude that nuclear maturation is not dependent upon the disruption of cell contact between the oocyte and the surrounding follicle cells. The profile of proteins synthesized by untreated oocytes differed greatly from that of oocytes matured for 18 h in follicles treated with a combination of FSH and LH. Pretreatment of follicles with either FSH or LH at low concentrations resulted in the synthesis of an intermediate and more variable pattern of proteins. No correlation was found between changes in protein synthesis and the extent of junctional communication between the cumulus cells and oocyte. Membrane vesiculation and lysosomal change in the transzonal processes are early structural changes associated with the suppression of intercellular coupling in oocytes. These changes in coupling probably result in the relocation of intracellular organelles in the final stages of oocyte maturation. PMID- 6790655 TI - Developmental analysis of the homoeotic mutation bithoraxoid of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The homoeotic transformations caused by bxd are described in detail. The anterior histoblast nests of the first abdominal segment are missing, and are replaced by one or two leg discs ventrally. Mainly anterior compartment patterns are found in the ectopic, abdominal legs of adult flies. However, cell lineage analyses show that both anterior and posterior polyclones are established early in the development of these ectopic legs, but the posterior polyclone is smaller. Cells of the anterior polyclone may regulate later in development to adjust for this and form pattern elements normally derived from the posterior polyclone. In addition, experiments show that bxd+ is required by the second larval instar stage, and possibly as early as the blastoderm stage. PMID- 6790656 TI - Lyt-23+ cyclophosphamide-sensitive T cells regulate the activity of an interleukin 2 inhibitor in vivo. AB - Sera of thymus-bearing normal mice contain high levels of Interleukin 2 (II-2) inhibitor, whereas sera of athymic nu/nu mice do not. Evidence is presented that cyclophosphamide-sensitive Lyt-23+ T cells induce high II-2 inhibitor activity in the recipient nu/nu mice in the course of a graft-vs.-host reaction. The II-2 inhibitor has an approximately 50,000 mol wt. Its function is neither antigen specific nor H-2 restricted. During ontogeny, its activity parallels the development of T cell reactivity, i.e., it is absent both in the amniotic fluid and in sera of unborn mice, but increases to high levels during the early postnatal phase. The II-2 inhibitor described is viewed as an example of a T cell dependent, in vivo regulatory mechanism able to effectively counteract the nonspecific activity of the Lyt-1+ helper T cell-derived II-2. Because the II-2 inhibitor activity is rather high in vivo, II-2 activity will exist only in close proximity to its producer cell, thereby maintaining specificity during the in vivo induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes PMID- 6790658 TI - Surface markers of cloned human T cells with various cytolytic activities. AB - Human T cells stimulated in secondary allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) were cloned under limiting conditions in microculture systems using T cell growth factor and irradiated allogeneic cells. Clones with lytic activity against either phytohemagglutinin-induced blast cells bearing the stimulating alloantigen(s) (cytotoxic T lymphocyte [CTL] activity), L1210 mouse lymphoma cells coated with rabbit antibody (antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity [ADCC]), or K562 human target cells were selected, expanded, and then analyzed for different surface markers, including rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes), receptors for the fc portion of IgG or IgM (Fc gamma R and Fc mu R), and a group of antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies including Ia, 4F2, OKT8,a nd OKT4. All the cytotoxic cells were E rosette+, Ia+ and 4f2+. Expression of Fc gamma R was restricted to the clones active in ADCC. CTL clones were either OKT8+ or OKT8-. Furthermore, three of the OKT8- CTL clones were OKT4+. In addition, some cytolytic clones devoid of specific CTL activity were OKT8+. It thus appears that the claim that human CTL are OKT8+, OKT4-, and Ia- is not supported by the analysis of their phenotype at the clonal level. PMID- 6790657 TI - Idiotypes of anti-Ia antibodies. I. Expression of the 14-4-4S idiotype in humoral immune responses. AB - The idiotype of a mouse monoclonal anti-I-E antibody, 14-4-4S, has been studied using a heterologous anti-idiotypic reagent. This antibody recognizes Ia. 7, an antigenic specificity present in all strains expressing a product of the I-E subregion. Expression of the 14-4-4S idiotype in humoral immune responses was analyzed by an idiotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system. The idiotype was readily detectable in C3H.SW anti-C3H alloantisera, the same immunization combination from which the hybridoma was derived. Absorption analysis demonstrated the anti-I-E specificity of the idiotype-positive molecules in these alloantisera. Penetrance of idiotype expression was high among individual C3H.SW immune mice (9 of 10 tested). To examine genetic requirements for idiotype expression, an immunization was performed using as responders CWB mice, congenic with C3H.SW but differing at the heavy chain allotype loci. Immune sera of individual CWB mice contained very little or no idiotype, demonstrating that levels of idiotype expression are influenced by allotype-linked genes, although the influence of other genes has not been ruled. The 14-4-4S idiotype therefore represents a shared idiotype of anti-Ia antibodies and provides opportunities for analysis of the idiotypes of cellular receptors for the corresponding Ia antigen. PMID- 6790659 TI - [Accuracy of HDL-cholesterol and HDL-apolipoprotein A-I determinations after phosphotungstate/MgCl2-precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (author's transl)]. AB - With optimal concentrations of reagents a complete precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and only a small coprecipitation of HDL can be achieved using the phosphotungstate/MgCl2 precipitation method. The accuracy of the precipitation is not influenced by triglyceride concentrations less than 4.0 mmol/l. Similarly, in most hypertriglyceridaemic sera (greater than 4.0 mmol/l) a complete precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and a complete recovery of HDL can be observed. In addition to the HDL cholesterol determination, apolipoprotein A-I was determined by kinetic nephelometry. In hypertriglyceridaemic sera (greater than 4.56 mmol/l) precipitation of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins must be carried out prior to the nephelometric determination of apolipoprotein A-I. PMID- 6790660 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Florida. PMID- 6790661 TI - [A retrospective study on acute post-transfusion hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790662 TI - Light-induced pigment granule migration in the retinular cells of Drosophila melanogaster. Comparison of wild type with ERG-defective mutants. AB - The dependence of pigment granule migration (PGM) upon the receptor potential was examined using several strains of electroretinogram (ERG)-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. The mutants that have a defective lamina component but a normal receptor component of the ERG (no on-transient A [nonA] and tan) exhibited normal pigment granule migration. The mutants that have very small or no receptor potentials (certain no receptor potential A [norpA] alleles), on the other hand, exhibited no PGM. In the case of the temperature-sensitive norpA mutant, norpAH52, normal PGM was present at 17 degrees but not at 32 degrees C or above, corresponding to its electrophysiological phenotype. In the transient receptor potential (trp) mutant, whose receptor potential decays to the baseline within a few seconds during a sustained light stimulus, the pigment granules initially moved close to the rhabdomere when light was turned on but moved away after about 5 s during a sustained light stimulus. All these results lend strong support to the notion that PGM is initiated by a light-evoked depolarization of the receptor membrane, i.e., the receptor potential. However, under certain experimental conditions, the receptor potentials failed to induce PGM in the trp mutant. The depolarization of the receptor, thus, appears to be closely associated with PGM but is not a sufficient condition for PGM. PMID- 6790663 TI - Regulation of the sodium permeability of the luminal border of toad bladder by intracellular sodium and calcium: role of sodium-calcium exchange in the basolateral membrane. AB - Sodium movement across the luminal membrane of the toad bladder is the rate limiting step for active transepithelial transport. Recent studies suggest that changes in intracellular sodium regulate the Na permeability of the luminal border, either directly or indirectly via increases in cell calcium induced by the high intracellular sodium. To test these proposals, we measured Na movement across the luminal membrane (th Na influx) and found that it is reduced when intracellular Na is increased by ouabain or by removal of external potassium. Removal of serosal sodium also reduced the influx, suggesting that the Na gradient across the serosal border rather than the cell Na concentration is the critical factor. Because in tissues such as muscle and nerve a steep transmembrane sodium gradient is necessary to maintain low cytosolic calcium, it is possible that a reduction in the sodium gradient in the toad bladder reduces luminal permeability by increasing the cell calcium activity. We found that the inhibition of the influx by ouabain or low serosal Na was prevented, in part, by removal of serosal calcium. To test for the existence of a sodium-calcium exchanger, we studied calcium transport in isolated basolateral membrane vesicles and found that calcium uptake was proportional to the outward directed sodium gradient. Uptake was not the result of a sodium diffusion potential. Calcium efflux from preloaded vesicles was accelerated by an inward directed sodium gradient. Preliminary kinetic analysis showed that the sodium gradient changes the Vmax but not the Km of calcium transport. These results suggest that the effect of intracellular sodium on the luminal sodium permeability is due to changes in intracellular calcium. PMID- 6790664 TI - The effect of haematin and catalase on Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes growing on glycerol. AB - Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes was grown aerobically on a complex medium containing glycerol as the carbon source. Addition of hematin or bovine liver catalase to the growth medium resulted in a small increment in growth yield. Suspensions of bacteria that had been grown in the presence of haematin or catalase, respectively, translocated 0.83 to 1.98 and 1.33 to 2.53 protons per oxygen atom consumed in glycerol oxidation. Bacterial grown without haematin or catalase had nil or little respiratory-induced proton translocation during glycerol oxidation. Inclusion of haematin in the growth medium caused the bacterium to form a cyanide- and azide-sensitive catalase. Superoxide dismutase activity was similar whether or not haematin was added to the growth medium. PMID- 6790665 TI - The susceptibility of strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to catalase-mediated peroxidative killing. AB - At low pH and with continuous low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide generated in situ, catalase was able to replace peroxidase in the peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide/iodide microbicidal system. The system was effective against Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Iodide could not be replaced by chloride. The system was effective in lactate buffer, but not in citrate/phosphate buffer. Strains of M. tuberculosis with high and low virulence were equally susceptible. The observations are discussed in the context of an involvement of host-cell catalase in a possible intracellular killing mechanism against M. tuberculosis. PMID- 6790666 TI - Dissociation of an early event in sporulation from chromosome replication in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Synchronized populations of Bacillus subtilis are maximally inducible for sporulation about 15 min after chromosome replication has started. However, the induction of serine protease, one of the earliest marker events in sporulation, is not related to the state of chromosome replication. PMID- 6790667 TI - Properties of the virulent form of a mitomycin C- or temperature-induced thermophilic bacteriophage. AB - A virulent bacteriophage was isolated from lysates of Bacillus stearothermophilus strain NU-10 induced either by treatment with mitomycin C or by shifts in temperature. Optimum conditions for induction, morphology and other properties of the virus are described. Chloroform treatment and shifts in temperature of producer cells released approximately similar amounts of phage as did mitomycin induction, suggesting an effect on release rather than on synthesis of the virus. PMID- 6790668 TI - Adsorption of the defective phage PBS Z1 to Bacillus subtilis 168 Wt. AB - Three aspects of the adsorption of the defective phage PBS Z1 to Bacillus subtilis 168 Wt have been investigated. These are the kinetics, the number of receptors on the cell wall and the character of these receptors. The reaction constants for the binding of phages onto receptors, for the dissociation of the phage-receptor complex and for the transition from reversible to irreversible binding of the phages were calculated from adsorption curves obtained by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). They were 1.8 x 10(-13), 6.7 x 10(-2) and 9.0 x 10(-3) respectively. The maximum number of phages adsorbed per cell was 2700, a number limited by the surface area of the cells. Apart from the receptors on the cell wall, receptors on the cell membrane were found. This was concluded from additional adsorption experiments with stable L-forms and contracted phages. Based on these results, together with data from the literature on bacteriocins, phage ghosts and yeast killer factors, a hypothesis concerning the first stage of killing by defective phages has been formulated. PMID- 6790669 TI - Utilization of citrate, acetylcarnitine, acetate, pyruvate and glucose for the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat brain slices. AB - Slices of rat caudate nuclei were incubated in saline media containing choline, paraoxon, unlabelled glucose, and [1,5-14C] citrate, [1-14C-acetyl]carnitine, [1 14C]acetate, [2-14C]pyruvate, or [U-14C]glucose. The synthesis of acetyl-labelled acetylcholine (ACh) was compared with the total synthesis of ACh. When related to the utilization of unlabelled glucose (responsible for the formation of unlabelled ACh), the utilization of labelled substrates for the synthesis of the acetyl moiety of ACh was found to decrease in the following order: [2 14C]pyruvate greater than [U-14C]glucose greater than [1-14C-acetyl]carnitine greater than [1,5-14C]citrate greater than [1-14C]acetate. The utilization of [1,5-14C]citrate and [1-14C]acetate for the synthesis of [14C]ACh was low, although it was apparent from the formation of 14CO2 and 14C-labelled lipid that the substrates entered the cells and were metabolized. The utilization of [1,5 14C]citrate for the synthesis of [14C]ACh was higher when the incubation was performed in a medium without calcium (with EGTA); that of glucose did not change, whereas the utilization of other substrates for the synthesis of ACh decreased. The results indicate that earlier (indirect) evidence led to an underestimation of acetylcarnitine as a potential source of acetyl groups for the synthesis of ACh in mammalian brian; they do not support (but do not disprove) the view that citrate is the main carrier of acetyl groups from the intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA to the extramitochondrial space in cerebral cholinergic neurons. PMID- 6790670 TI - Inhibition of the synthesis of acetylcholine in rat brain slices by (-) hydroxycitrate and citrate. PMID- 6790671 TI - The glycoprotein composition of peripheral nervous system myelin subfractions. AB - Two fractions were isolated by continuous density gradient centrifugation from total particulate matter of rabbit sciatic nerves: a minor fraction, B, consisting of small-sized membrane fragments and a major fraction, C, of characteristic multilayered myelin figures, with maxima at 0.33 and 0.58 M sucrose, respectively. In comparison with C, fraction B was enriched in CNPase and alkaline phosphatase activities and the P0, 23K and Z proteins, but was virtually devoid of basic protein. The glycoprotein composition of all fractions was examined with four fluorescein isothiocyanate-labelled lectins (WGA, Con A, RCA-60, U.E.). These revealed the presence of six glycoproteins in all fractions with similar lectin binding capacities and molecular weights ranging from 35,500 to 16,000, of which P0 was the predominant component. Material found on the heavy side of fraction C was characterized by the presence of a multitude of glycoproteins which bound variable proportions of the four different lectins, suggesting substantial variations in their carbohydrate moieties. Their absence from the central portion of fraction C points to a location other than that of compact PNS myelin. PMID- 6790672 TI - Enzymic lipid peroxidation in the microsomal fraction of rat brain. AB - An enzymic lipid peroxidation system has been demonstrated in the microsomal fraction of rat brain and the requirements and optimal conditions for assay determined. The involvement of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was demonstrated in vesicles reconstituted with lipids extracted from the brain microsomal fraction. Further characterization of the system made use of substances shown to inhibit the liver microsomal system. alpha-Tocopherol was shown to be an effective inhibitor of lipid peroxidation in the brain microsomal system, whereas Na2SO3 had no effect, which is indicative that free radical transfer occurs only in the hydrophobic regions. Neither superoxide dismutase nor catalase inhibited lipid peroxidation. The implications of an NADPH-cytochrome c reductase-dependent lipid peroxidation system that is not linked to a drug hydroxylation system and appears to differ from the liver microsomal system in a number of other ways are discussed. PMID- 6790673 TI - Effects of changes in calcium concentration on basal and stimulated 32P incorporation into phospholipids in rat pineal cells. AB - The Ca2+ requirement for alpha-agonist stimulation of 32P incorporation into acidic phospholipids (the phosphatidylinositol effect) of dispersed pineal cells was evaluated by means of several different compounds that interfere with Ca2+ disposition. Simple omission of Ca2+ led to slight increases in basal and norepinephrine-stimulated phosphatidyl-CMP (CDP-diacylglycerol) and phosphatidylglycerol labeling without affecting phosphatidylinositol labeling. In the absence of Ca2+, EGTA (200 microM) or the ionophore for divalent cations A23187 (10 microM) elicited large increases in phosphatidic acid, phosphatidyl CMP, and phosphatidylglycerol labeling while strongly inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol effect. The Ca2+ translocation inhibitor LaCl3 also reduced the magnitude of this effect. The phosphatidylinositol effect is, however, not induced by increased Ca2+ entry into the cytosol, since A23187 did not mimic the effect of norepinephrine. Under conditions where membrane Ca2+ was lowered, the addition of 1 mM-inositol greatly reduced phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidyl-CMP labeling with concomitant increases in basal and norepinephrine-stimulated phosphatidylinositol labeling approaching that observed in the presence of norepinephrine and 2.5 mM-Ca2+. In the presence of 2.5 mM-Ca2+, inositol had negligible effects on phosphatidylinositol labeling. It was concluded that changes in membrane Ca2+ availability and/or disposition alter phospholipid metabolism and concurrently reduce the magnitude of the phosphatidylinositol effect, perhaps by making the pool of readily available inositol in pinealocytes rate-limiting. PMID- 6790674 TI - Analysis of histones associated with neuronal and glial nuclei exhibiting divergent DNA repeat lengths. AB - Total cerebral hemisphere nuclei purified from adult rabbit brain were subfractionated into neuronal and glial populations. Previous studies have shown that chromatin in neuronal nuclei is organized in an unusual nucleosome conformation compared with glial or kidney nuclei, i.e., a short DNA repeat length is present. We now analyze whether this difference in chromatin organization is associated with an alteration in the histone component of nucleosomes. Total histone isolated by acid/urea-protamine extraction of purified neuronal, glial, and kidney nuclei was analyzed by electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide slab gels. Histone H1 that was selectively extracted from nuclei was also examined. Differences were not observed on SDS gels in the electrophoretic mobilities of histones associated with either the nucleosome core particle (histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4) or the nucleosome linker region (histone H1). Total histone and selectively extracted histone H1 were also analyzed on acid/urea slab gels that resolve histones on the basis of both molecular weight and charge differences. When analyzed in this system, differences with respect to electrophoretic mobility were not detected when comparing either selectively extracted histone H1 or total histone from neuronal and glial nuclei. Quantitative analyses were also performed and neuronal nuclei were found to contain less histone H1 per milligram DNA compared with glial or kidney nuclei. Neuronal nuceli also demonstrated a lower ratio of histone H1/core histone. These results suggest that the pronounced difference in chromatin organization in neuronal compared with glial nuclei, which is reflected by a short DNA repeat length in neurons, appears to be associated with quantitative differences in neuronal histone H1. PMID- 6790675 TI - Alteration of dopamine synthesis in rat striatum subsequent to selective type A monoamine oxidase inhibition. AB - Pretreatment of rat striatal slices with the selective type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor clorgyline was found to produce significant inhibition of dopamine (DA) synthesis. DA synthesis was reduced by nearly 50%, but not until more than 90% of the type A enzyme was inhibited. In contrast, complete inhibition of the type B MAO following deprenyl treatment had no effect. It is suggested that interneuronal accumulation of DA following inhibition of type A MAO leads to feedback inhibition at the rate-limiting step in DA biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylation. These results are also consistent with the presence of a type A MAO within DA-containing neurons and provide evidence of a regulatory role for type A MAO in the synthesis of brain DA. PMID- 6790676 TI - Antibiotic principle of Eupatorium capillifolium. AB - Ethanolic extracts of Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam) Small showed activity against Bacillus subtilis grown in a chemically defined medium but not in a complex natural medium. The active principle was isolated as a colorless crystalline solid. A study of its properties and mass spectral fragmentation pattern showed that it was costic acid, a sesquiterpenic acid previously isolated from Costus root oil. The observed inactivity of costic acid against B. subtilis in a complex medium was shown to be due to the presence in the medium of glutamic acid, which is capable of reversing 90% of the activity of costic acid. PMID- 6790677 TI - Measurement of CBF and CMRO2 using the continuous inhalation of C15O2 and 15O. Experimental validation using CO2 reactivity in the anaesthetised dog. AB - Experimental support for the steady state 15O inhalation technique, as used to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen utilisation (CMRO2), was obtained by describing the response of the cerebral vasculature to variations in arterial PCO2 in 6 anaesthetised dogs. Measurements were made using a positron emission tomography (ECAT II) and arterial blood sampling, during the sequential constant inhalation of C15O2 and 15O2. Values of CBF and CMRO2 were calculated for a mixture of white and grey matter, using the steady state tracer equations derived by Jones et al. (1976). The mean CMRO2 was 3.58 +/- 0.81 ml O2 . 100 ml-1 . min 1, whilst the mean CBF and OER (oxygen extraction ratio) values (for an arterial PCO2 of 40 mm Hg) were 39.9 ml . 100 ml-1 and 0.50 +/- 0.06, respectively. Arterial PCO2 was varied between 20 and 150 mm Hg. CBF was found to correlate closely with arterial PCO2, resulting in a mean slope (specific reactivity) of 1.52 +/- 0.38 ml . 10 ml-1. mm Hg-1. Pooling the flow data resulted in a linear relationship between CBF (% change) and arterial PCO2 in the range 20-70 mm Hg, with a slope (% reactivity) of 3.2% mm Hg-1 (2 P less than 0.001). The oxygen extraction ratio (OER) fell with increasing values of arterial PCO2 resulting in a stable CMRO2 throughout each study. There was no correlation between CMRO2 and artificially increased CBF. These results support and give confidence in the use of the 15O inhalation technique for measuring CBF, OER and CMRO2. PMID- 6790679 TI - Characteristics of a scanning, multidetector, single-photon ECT body imager. AB - We evaluated a single-photon emission computed tomographic system using ten scanning detectors in a circular array. The system uses focusing collimators that scan radially as well as tangentially. The spatial resolution in the tomographic plane is 2.6 cm FWHM and the axial resolution is 3.3 cm FWHM. The resolution is independent of position within the field of view, and nearly independent of energy through 511 keV. Sensitivity was found to be 4600 cps/muCi-ml for an extended phantom, 20-cm in diameter, filled with Tc-99m; 7200 cps/muCi-ml with TI 201; and 8000 cps/muCi-ml with Ga-67. Investigations of positional uniformity indicated some quantitative distortion of data due to inadequate attenuation correction. Improvement in the attenuation correction is necessary before truly quantitative tracer distribution studies are undertaken. PMID- 6790678 TI - Dietetic treatment with hypercaloric and hyperprotein intake in patients following severe brain injury. AB - Sixty four patients, following severe acute brain injury were fed according to a strict dietetic therapy at the Intensive Care Unit at the Institute of Neurological Surgery, University of Turin. We used mixtures composed of simple nutritional elements consisting of carbohydrate as glucose polymers from 7 to 15 units, free aminoacids and MCT oil, integrated with natural elements. The solutions were administered via a nasogastric tube with the maximum caloric intake of 6.000 Kcal and 186 grams proteins/24 hr. After recording a series of hematochemical and clinical parameters we obtained the following results: 1) the average blood sugar level was always found to be pathological among the 11 patients who eventually died during their hospitalization, while 30% of the discharged patients had normal blood sugar values; 2) kidney function was significantly more affected among eventually deceased patients than among discharged ones; 3) the hospitalization time had a negative influence on the hepatic functions. Total serum albumins and proteins cease their decline respectively at average values of 2 and 5.5% gr, cholesterol maintains a constant level between 180 and 200% gr, calcium between 8 and 9 mg% and phosphorous around 3 mg%. Alkaline phosphatase in all patients rose significantly to pathological values only after a week of hospitalization. All other tests presented an irregular course. The survival period of our group of patients was significantly longer than that of control group. Within our group the survival rate was better among patients who received, within 10 days from cerebral damages, a hypercaloric and hyperprotein diet of more than 5.000 Kcal and 120 grams of proteins in 24 h, as compared to those whom the same diet was administered more gradually or following a longer period of time after having sustained cerebral damage. PMID- 6790680 TI - Pitfalls in technetium-99m HIDA biliary imaging: duodenal diverticulum simulating the gallbladder. PMID- 6790681 TI - Bioavailability of some lysine derivatives in mice. AB - Growth assays using mice on synthetic amino acid diets showed that substituting epsilon-N-methyl-L-lysine, epsilon-N-dimethyl-L-lysine and epsilon-N-trimethyl-L lysine for lysine resulted in relative replacement values about 1/12, 1/20 and 1/25, respectively, of that obtained with the standard lysine diet. Similar studies showed that the alpha-N-acetyl-L-lysine is not utilized by mice and that the relative the replacement value of epsilon-N-acetyl-L-lysine was about 3% of that of lysine. Analogous substitution of D-lysine and the lysine sulfur containing analog, S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine, for lysine resulted in weight losses during the feeding period. The results are discussed with reference to factors that are expected to influence the biological utilization f lysine analogs and derivatives. PMID- 6790682 TI - Fetal growth retardation induced by dietary imbalance of threonine and dispensable amino acids, with adequate energy and protein-equivalent intakes, in pregnant rats. AB - Whether fetal growth retardation could be induced by diets apparently adequate in protein and energy sources, but imbalanced relative to a single amino acid, was investigated. Pregnant rats were fed one of three diets: either a basal (B) 6% casein diet supplemented by L-methionine (L-Met) and a 5% mixture of essential plus 4.5% small neutral non-essential amino acids, which provided 4 kcal and 0.16 g protein-equivalent/g diet and was complete in other essential nutrients; an experimental (E) diet [same, except 0.4% L-threonine (L-Thr) supplement omitted]; or a control (C) diet, life B, but containing 20% casein. A total of 343 fetuses and their placentas were delivered by Caesarean section usually on day 21 of pregnancy but occasionally on day 20 or 22. Food consumption was similar in all groups (kcal/100 g rat/day); however, protein intake of the B and E rats was bout half that of the C group. Net maternal weight gain (excluding uterus + contents) was +8% in C. )% in B and -12% in E group dams. Body weight, length, volume, brain weight and placental weight, adjusted by multiple regression analysis to standardize for maternal prepregnant weight, length, litter size, net weight gain and duration of gestation, were significantly reduced in 155E greater than 156 B greater than 32C fetuses. Protein restriction accounted for 30-59% of the total observed variance in birth measures of the B versus C group fetuses; and the Thr limiting amino acid imbalance for 36% of the total variance between the E and B groups. Imbalanced diets containing excess dispensable amino acids with adequate net protein and caloric intakes during pregnancy induce fetal growth retardation (F GR), which is increased by limiting threonine. Net maternal weight loss does not prevent F GR in rats under these conditions. PMID- 6790683 TI - Plasma fre amino acids of infants and children consuming wheat-based diets, with and without supplemental casein or lysine. PMID- 6790684 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy on the diurnal variation in glycogen metabolism in starved-refed rats. AB - The role of glucocorticoid (GC) in the diurnal variation of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and hepatic glycogen levels was studied in starved-refed rats. Intact, adrenalectomized (ADX) and ADX-GC supplemented rats were either ad libitum fed a 65% glucose diet or starved for 48 hours and refed the glucose diet. At the end of the starvation period and at 4-hour intervals thereafter, rats from all six treatment groups were killed and hepatic glycogen levels, glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activity determined. Ad libitum-fed animals displayed the usual diurnal glycogen and enzyme activity rhythms. Adrenalectomy was without effect in the ad libitum-fed rats on glycogen level and glycogen synthase activity and, at most points, on phosphorylase activity. Starvation refeeding profoundly affected both the synthesis and degradation of glycogen and these effects could, in part, be attributed to the presence or absence of the adrenals. The phosphorylase activity and the hepatic glycogen level appeared to be cued by GC, whereas GC was without effect on glycogen synthase. Starvation refeeding stimulated glycogen synthase activity within the first 4 hours of refeeding in the intact rats and within the first 8 hours of refeeding in the ADX GC rats. These results suggest that the glycogen response to starvation refeeding is, in part, mediated by the adrenal hormones. PMID- 6790685 TI - Hypersecretion of mucus glycoprotein by the gallbladder epithelium in experimental cholelithiasis. AB - In three models of cholelithiasis (dihydrocholesterol-fed rabbits, cholesterol cholic acid-fed mice, and Lincomycin-treated guinea pigs), the quantity and chemical composition of gallbladder epithelial mucin have been studied using (1) a spectrum of histochemical glycoprotein stains, and (2) biochemical extraction, purification and analysis of the carbohydrate components of epithelial mucin. Despite the diverse mechanism of stone induction and difference in stone composition, a common pattern of response by the epithelial mucin was observed in all three models. There was a quantitative increase in epithelial mucus production at a time before stones were formed and this increase persisted till stones were formed. There was no difference, qualitatively, between mucus produced by normal and stone-forming gallbladders. PMID- 6790686 TI - Hog kidney diamine oxidase conversion of biogenic diamines to inhibitors of cell proliferation. AB - Hog kidney diamine oxidase (DAO) interacted with 1,3-diaminopropane, putrescine and cadaverine to arrest proliferation of cultured mammalian cells. The byproducts of DAO-substrate interaction, H2O2 and NH4+ are themselves cytotoxic but were apparently not responsible for any significant antiproliferative effect in the experimental system. DAO is known to react with putrescine to generate labile 4-aminobutyraldehyde. This primary product was compatible with a compound (radio-labelled) separated from DAO-putrescine reactive mixtures by ion-exchange chromatography. Its rate of generation, level attained and lability (half-life, 2 hr) in culture simulated conditions were measured. Circumstantial evidence suggested that the amine aldehyde products of diamine oxidation had a potent antiproliferative effect on cells. PMID- 6790687 TI - Electroencephalographic changes in diabetic ketosis in children with newly and previously diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Abnormal electroencephalograms in patients with long-standing diabetes mellitus have been attributed to hypoglycemia. EEG changes in newly diagnosed patients or in patients during episodes of diabetic ketoacidosis have not previously been reported. We performed serial EEGs at one, 12, 24 hours and five days after initiation of treatment for DKA on 39 patients aged 11 months to 16 years with newly or previously diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Twenty-seven patients were in ketoacidosis and 12 patients ketotic only. Abnormal EEGs were found in 30 patients on admission. The EEG changes at one hour, classified in order of increasing severity, correlated with the serum glucose, osmolality, bicarbonate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoacetate values, but not with pH or glycosylated hemoglobin. The rate of improvement of the EEGs was unaffected by the addition of phosphate to the intravenous fluids during therapy. EEG changes persisted in five of the seven children who had follow-up studies at two to five months, and in two of the six children one year after admission. We conclude that EEG changes are common in children with DKA or ketosis, the severity of the abnormalities being most closely associated with the degree of hyperosmolality rather than acidosis. These changes may persist in some cases, possibly accounting for the increased frequency of EEG abnormalities in diabetic children. PMID- 6790688 TI - A controlled comparison of continuous versus intermittent feeding in the treatment of infants with intestinal disease. AB - We compared two feeding regimens, continuous intragastric feedings and intermittent oral feeding, in nine infants with protracted diarrhea and malnutrition and two infants with surgically created short bowel. Continuous nasogastric feeding caused significant increases in enteral balance of the major nutrients, whereas intermittent feedings resulted in negative or only slightly positive enteral balance. The improvements in enteral balance from intermittent to continuous feeding in infants with diarrhea were as follows: Fat from 13 +/- 0.8 to 22 +/- 2.0 gm/24 hours; nitrogen from 0.63 +/- 0.2 to 1.7 +/- 0.2 gm/24 hours; calcium from -63 +/- 20 to 145 +/- 4 mg/24 hours; zinc from -0.57 +/- 0.2 to 1.3 +/- 0.2 mg/24 hours; and copper from -0.09 +/- 0.03 to 0.21 +/- 0.02 mg/24 hours. There was also a significant increase in body weight during the continuous feeding (168 +/- 16 gm/72 hours) as compared to the intermittent feeding (-171 +/ 26 gm/72 hours). Similar improvements in enteral balance were seen in the two infants with short bowel. These findings document that improved enteral balance can be achieved with continuous feeding in infants with bowel disease. PMID- 6790689 TI - Environmental hazards and the pediatrician. PMID- 6790690 TI - The value of human milk in the prevention of infection in the high-risk low-birth weight infant. PMID- 6790692 TI - Babesia microti infections in nonhuman primates. PMID- 6790691 TI - Activity of enzymes regulating glycogen metabolism in perfused muscle-cuticle sections of Ascaris suum (Nematoda). AB - A new perfusion system has been developed in which muscle-cuticle sections of Ascaris suum were perfused, enabling study of enzymes in vitro. Using this technique the activity of the regulatory enzymes glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase was determined, and the level of glycogen in the muscle was assessed. During starvation, 98% of glycogen synthase was in the inactive D-form, and 80% of the glycogen phosphorylase activity was in the active a-form. When the ascarid muscle section was perfused with 27 mM glucose, 13.1% of the glycogen synthase was in the active I-form, whereas phosphorylase a-levels dropped to 46% and glycogen was synthesized at a linear rate of 12 mg/g/hr or 1.23 mumoles/min/g muscle-cuticle. ATP levels (3.71 +/- 0.32 mM) remained unchanged over a 4-hr perfusion period with an adenylate energy charge of 0.82. Fructose supported glycogen synthesis, though not as well as glucose. Galactose, mannose, and trehalose did not support glycogen synthesis. The new perfusion system should be useful in future, similar studies on Ascaris. PMID- 6790693 TI - Increased resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in mice experimentally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6790694 TI - Partial characterization of a Trypanosoma cruzi-released decomplementing factor. AB - Trypanosoma cruzi releases a factor (SCAF) when grown in vitro which decomplements normal mouse, human, and guinea pig sera. The production and potency of SCAF was dependent on the density of cultured parasites, parasite viability and proliferative capacity, and duration of culture. The in vitro interaction between SCAF and serum complement (C') occurred rapidly and was complete within 30 min of mixing. The administration of SCAF to normal mice resulted in up to 50% reduction in hemolytic C' activity, whereas SCAF had no effect on the C' levels in mice infected wit T. cruzi for more than 10 days. The active moiety of SCAF was shown to be a nonproteinaceous substance(s) with a molecular weight of approximately 23,000 daltons. PMID- 6790695 TI - Glycogen metabolizing enzymes during starvation and feeding of Ascaris suum maintained in a perfusion chamber. AB - The glycogen content of muscle was correlated with the activity of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase from the parasitic roundworm Ascaris suum maintained in vitro. Adult female worms were maintained in the laboratory in a perfusion system during periods of starvation and feeding. During starvation, the levels of glucogen decreased at a rate of 0.1 to 0.2 mumoles/min/g wet weight of muscle-cuticle. During this time, 95% of the glycogen synthase (E.C. 2.4.1.11) was in the active D-form, and 48% of the phosphorylase (E.C. 2.4.1.1) was in the active a-form. Upon feeding, the rate of incorporation of glycosyl residues into glycogen proceeded at a rate of 0.75 to 1.0 mumoles/min/g muscle-cuticle. Glycogen synthase was 22% in the active I-form and phosphorylase a-levels remained virtually unchanged at 41% as compared with the starved worm. Total levels of both enzymes remained constant over the starvation-feeding period with 3.9 units/g phosphorylase and 0.4 units/g glycogen synthase. The apparent Km value for the substrate UDPG for glycogen synthase was 0.22 +/- 0.02 mM. For glycogen phosphorylase the Km value for G-1-P was 1.76 +/- 0.38 mM. PMID- 6790696 TI - Dual infections of Culex tritaeniorhynchus with West Nile virus and Nosema algerae. AB - Culex tritaeniorhynchus females infected with the microsporidian Nosema algerae, and uninfected control females were compared for susceptibility to infection with West Nile (WN) virus and for the ability to transmit virus. When fed on a high titered dose fo virus, 95% of the control females became infected, whereas only 65% of the N. algerae-infected females were infected with WN virus. However, at two lower viral doses, no differences in susceptibility were observed. No significant differences in transmission ability were found between the N. algerae infected and control females when tested at 10, 14, and 21 days after infection with WN virus. Also, in mosquitoes dually infected with N. algerae and WN virus, neither agent affected the ability of the other to replicate. PMID- 6790697 TI - Loss of nitroglycerin from solutions to intravenous plastic containers: a theoretical treatment. AB - The physical instability of nitroglycerin solutions in plastic containers has been reported extensively. A systematic study of potency loss in plastic infusion bags were reported recently. This paper presents a theoretical treatment of the data and a proposed model consisting of adsorption onto the surface followed by partitioning into the plastic. PMID- 6790698 TI - Stability of nitroglycerin Ointment. PMID- 6790700 TI - The influence of hospital environment on blood pressure in psychiatric in patients. PMID- 6790699 TI - Input-output relationships of central neural circuits involved in respiration in cats. AB - 1. Inspiratory output responses, measured as integrated phrenic activity, to hypercapnia, to unilateral and bilateral carotid sinus nerve stimulation and to combinations of these stimuli were determined in paralysed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal P(CO2) was kept constant by means of a servo controlled ventilator. In addition, the effect on these responses of the mechanism that causes the respiratory after-discharge was determined.2. Above the threshold for rhythmic activity, the inspiratory response to hypercapnic stimulation of the central chemoreceptor was curvilinear, showing progressively smaller increments of output for equal increments of P(CO2) as the latter became higher.3. The combining of stimuli from right and left carotid sinus nerves failed to show an algebraically additive effect; the response was approximately 70% of that predicted from a summing of the separate stimuli given alone.4. The response to a constant carotid sinus nerve test stimulus was progressively decreased in magnitude as the pre-stimulus level of respiratory activity was increased by conditioning stimulation of the central chemoreceptors by hypercapnia, by stimulation of the opposite carotid sinus nerve or by the mechanism that generates an after-discharge.5. From a descriptive standpoint, our findings show that there is a negative or hypoadditive interaction between the peripheral and central inputs at the level of the central respiratory controller. However, we present evidence that, rather than being a specific interaction between peripheral and central inputs, the response is due to the properties of a neural component of the central pathway. This component is common to both inputs and develops progressive saturation of its neural elements as its activity increases.6. In addition, the neural mechanism which generates a respiratory after-discharge appears to saturate completely at a lower level of inspiratory activity than that at which the common pathway develops complete saturation. This finding supports the idea that this mechanism represents an independent input to the respiratory controller.7. Because the described a-linear response characteristics of the central respiratory controller are due to its inherent neuronal properties rather than to specific interactions between inputs, we suggest that studies of such ;interactions' must be interpreted with this consideration in mind. PMID- 6790701 TI - [Distal mesenteric arteritis: a rare complication of D. methylsergide treatment (author's transl)]. AB - A patient developed typical abdominal angina due to mesenteric arteritis secondary to D. methylsergide (Desernil) treatment. Multiple regular distal stenoses were revealed by arteriography, but these had completely disappeared 5 months after discontinuing treatment. Histology demonstrated fibrosis of the three tunicae with hyperelastosis. Six analogous cases due to D. methylsergide or ergotamine tartrate have been reported in the published literature, rapid regression occurring in all of them after interruption of treatment. PMID- 6790702 TI - Cost effectiveness of prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. PMID- 6790704 TI - Chagas' disease in the Amazon basin III. Ecotopes of ten triatomine bug species (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from the vicinity of Belem, Para State, Brazil. PMID- 6790703 TI - In vitro activity of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones against Theileria parva. AB - A variety of naphthoquinones have veen prepared and evaluated in vitro against the causative agent of the cattle disease East Coast Fever-Theileria parva infection. It is concluded from structure-activity studies that a 2-hydroxyl moiety es essential for high activity. The most active compounds tested were 2 hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones in which the alkyl moiety was cyclohexyl, cyclohexylcyclohexyl, tridecyl, or tetradecyl. PMID- 6790705 TI - Preparation of agglutinating antisera specific for the flagellar antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - H-specific agglutinating sera to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were prepared by immunisation with partially purified flagella. The results of agglutination and immobilisation tests with rabbit sera prepared against the flagella of six H-type strains showed that the sera had high titres and were H specific. Cross absorption tests revealed that one strain (H-3) possessed a distinct antigen not present in any of the others. Two groups of strains (H-1, H-2 and H-5; H-4 and H 6) each possessed a distinct major antigen. Members of these two groups could be distinguished by their minor antigens. PMID- 6790706 TI - A comparison of flagellar typing and phage typing as means of subdividing the O groups of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospitals were typed by O and H serology and bacteriophage typing. The H sera were prepared against purified flagella of six type strains. The most common O serogroups were O6, O11, O16 and O10, and together these groups represented more than half of the total number of strains. O subgrouping proved useful for the further division of groups O2 and O6. Percentage H typability was high, and many H patterns were found. Comparison of H typing and phage typing as a means of making subdivisions within O groups showed that, although the general discriminatory power of the two methods was similar, H typing performed better than phage-typing in the more common O serogroups. PMID- 6790707 TI - Detection of circulating immune complexes in cutaneous disease using a monoclonal rheumatoid factor hemagglutination method. AB - A monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) hemagglutination (HA) assay for the detection of circulating immune complexes is described. In this assay, human red blood cells coated with mRF were reacted in microtiter and, in the presence of circulating immune complexes, were agglutinated. Titers were determined and results were compared to a mRF inhibition (solid phase) radioassay (mRF-Inh). Serum samples [141] from patients with a variety of cutaneous diseases [78], systemic lupus erythematosus [19], rheumatoid arthritis [21] and normals [23] were tested by both methods. Eighty-four samples were positive by mRF-Inh and 75 mRF-HA. Seventy of the serum samples were positive by both methods for an overall correlation of 87%. When sucrose density gradient fractions were tested by both methods, results obtained by mRF-HA correlated with those obtained by mRF-Ihh in all patients studied. This procedure may be adapted for routine laboratory use and thus circumvents the need for costly equipment and hazardous radioactive materials. PMID- 6790708 TI - Time course of vasopressin-induced formation of microvilli in granular cells of toad university bladder. PMID- 6790709 TI - Chemical fire at toxic waste disposal plant: epidemiologic study of exposure to smoke and fumes. PMID- 6790710 TI - Structure of the complex formed between the bacterial-produced inhibitor chymostatin and the serine enzyme Streptomyces griseus protease A. PMID- 6790712 TI - Formation of the intrachain disulfide bond in the constant fragment of the immunoglobulin light chain. PMID- 6790711 TI - A fixed amount of chromosome replication needed for premature division septation in Bacillus subilis. PMID- 6790713 TI - Characteristics of tight binding repressors of the lac operon. PMID- 6790716 TI - Preliminary crystallographic data on the human lambda III Bence Jones protein dimer Cle. PMID- 6790714 TI - Study of the structure of troponin-T by measuring the relative reactivities of lysines with acetic anhydride. PMID- 6790715 TI - Study of the structure of troponin-C by measuring the relative reactivities of lysines with acetic anhydride. PMID- 6790717 TI - Acidic glycosaminoglycans in human heart valves. PMID- 6790718 TI - Rapid cataloging of ribonuclease T1 resistant oligonucleotides from ribosomal RNAs for phylogenetic studies. AB - A rapid and simple method of oligonucleotide cataloging for phylogenetic studies is presented. It involves in vitro 5'-32P-labelling of RNase T1 - resistant oligonucleotides of ribosomal 16S RNA and finger-printing by high voltage electrophoresis and gradient thinlayer chromatography. Oligonucleotide sequences are established by the mobility shift method, using controlled alkali cleavage, high voltage electrophoresis and homochromatography. These procedures facilitate in particular the analysis of long RNase T1 - resistant oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide catalogs are established fo three Actinomycetes, namely Oerskovia turbata, Actinoplanes philippinensis and Ampullariella regularis. These catalogs are equivalent to those obtained by methods which were described by Sanger and Woese. PMID- 6790719 TI - The effects of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline on the precipitation of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing aggregates from collagen solution. AB - The effect of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), the major phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant, on the precipitation of collagen in the form of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing (SLS) aggregates was studied in vitro. The effects of DPPC on both phases of collagen fibrillogenesis were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and alterations in the morphology of precipitated fibrils and SLS aggregates were ascertained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Low concentrations of DPPC inhibited the growth phase of fibrillogenesis, while higher concentrations were required to inhibit nucleation. Both the meshwork density and mean width of precipitated fibrils were altered by DPPC, as was the size of SLS aggregates. Segment-long-spacing aggregates prepared from pepsin treated collagen were inhibited to a greater degree than SLS aggregates prepared from untreated collagen, indicating that the pepsin-susceptible residues of the telopeptide extensions of tropocollagen molecules stabilize SLS aggregates against the effects of DPPC. Based on these results and the inhibition of the growth phase at lower concentrations than those which inhibited the nucleation phase of fibrillogenesis, it was concluded that the primary mechanism of DPPC inhibition is electrostatic interference between the positively charged phospholipid molecules and the net positive charge of collagen. It is proposed that pathological conditions involving the pulmonary epithelium may allow interaction between surfactant and collagen, which could further weaken the interstitial connective tissue. PMID- 6790720 TI - Normal and neoplastic lymphocyte maturation. PMID- 6790721 TI - Cystic fibrosis diagnosed in a black adolescent with long-standing, unstable diabetes mellitus. AB - A case is reported of a black youth whose marked diabetic lability was stabilized subsequent to establishing the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis and treatment of the pancreatic exocrine deficiency. The patient had no evidence of pulmonary involvement secondary to cystic fibrosis, but had a partial immunoglobulin A deficiency. A possible common etiology for diabetes mellitus and cystic fibrosis is discussed. PMID- 6790722 TI - Embryotoxic effects of benzo[a]pyrene, chrysene, and 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures in mallard ducks. AB - Studies with different avian species have revealed that surface applications of microliter amounts of some crude and fuel oils that coat less than 10% of the egg surface result in considerable reduction in hatching with teratogenicity and stunted growth. Other studies have shown that the embryotoxicity is dependent on the aromatic hydrocarbon content, further suggesting that the toxicity is due to causes other than asphyxia. In the present study the effects of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons identified in petroleum were examined on mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) embryo development. Addition of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), chrysene, or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to a synthetic petroleum hydrocarbon mixture of known composition and relatively low embryotoxicity resulted in embryotoxicity that was enhanced or equal to that of crude oil when 10 microliter was applied externally to eggs at 72 h of development. The order of ability to enhance embryotoxicity was DMBA greater than BaP greater than chrysene. The temporal pattern of embryonic death was similar to that reported after exposure to crude oil, with additional mortality occurring after outgrowth of the chorioallantois. Retarded growth, as reflected by embryonic body weight, crown rump length, and bill length, was accompanied by teratogenicity. Abnormal embryos exhibited extreme stunting; eye, brain, and bill defects; and incomplete ossification. Gas chromatographic-mass spectral analysis of externally treated eggs showed the passage of aromatic hydrocarbons including chrysene through the shell and shell membranes to the developing embryos. These findings suggest that the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in petroleum, including BaP, chrysene, and DMBA, significantly enhances the overall embryotoxicity in avian species. PMID- 6790723 TI - Effects of DDE and PCB (Aroclor 1260) on experimentally poisoned female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus): lethal brain concentrations. AB - Adult female little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus) were collected in a church attic in North East, Cecil County, Md. Mealworms (Tenebrio molitor) containing organochlorine pollutants were fed to the bats as follows: 5 bats were dosed at 480 ppm DDE, 12 at 150 ppm DDE, 5 at 1000 ppm polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB; Aroclor 1260), and 12 at 15 ppm PCB. Seven other bats were fed untreated mealworms. The objective was to elevate brain levels of DDE and PCB to lethality and measure these concentrations. During 40 d of dosage, one DDE-dosed bat and two PCB-dosed bats died after exhibiting the prolonged tremor that characterizes organochlorine poisoning. After dosage, surviving bats were starved to elevate brain levels of toxicants, and three additional DDE-dosed bats had tremors before dying. The mean brain concentration of DDE diagnostic of death was estimated as 603 ppm, range 540-670 ppm. This mean is 16-18% higher than means for Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula), and may indicate less sensitivity. Lethal brain concentrations of Aroclor 1260 were 1300 and 1500 ppm. Such values appear to be higher than values (Aroclor 1254) for brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater). During starvation, DDE dosed bats lost weight about 24% faster than controls. If smaller amounts of stored DDE cause increases in metabolic rates of nonfeeding bats, as during hibernation or migration, the result could be premature energy depletion and increased mortality. PMID- 6790724 TI - Study on the absorption and protein binding of carbaryl, dieldrin and paraquat in rats fed on protein diet. AB - Carbaryl was well absorbed from the small intestine of rats. In the cytosol fraction of intestinal mucosa, it was bound to a smallmolecular component (M. W. 2,200 daltons). In serum, carbaryl was bound mainly to albumin and partly to globulins. Dieldrin was slowly absorbed from small intestine. The peak of dieldrin concentration in blood was observed 2.5 hr after the administration. Binding of dieldrin to mucosal protein in cytosol was not detectable. In serum, dieldrin was bound to lipoproteins, globulins and partly to albumin. Absorption of paraquat from the small intestine was more rapid than that of dieldrin in situ study. However, in vivo study, the absorption of paraquat was the lowest among these three chemicals. In the cytosol fraction of intestinal mucosa, paraquat was bound to a small-molecular component (M. W. 3,100 daltons). In serum, it was present in unbound fraction. In the comparative studies with protein diets, absorption of paraquat from small intestine in situ was higher in low protein diet rats than that in high protein diet rats. However, difference in absorption in vitro and in histopathological study was not noted between low protein diet rats and high protein diet rats. PMID- 6790725 TI - Effect of organic thio-compounds on detoxication of glucuronyltransferase and beta-glucuronidase in the rat liver. AB - In this study, an effect of single administration of organic thio-compounds on the combined use with uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid was investigated. In the single administration of organic thio-compounds to Wistar strain rats, the synthesis of glucuronide was slightly accelerated by glutathione or methionine, but it was not so much as in the single administration of UDPGA. The glucuronyltransferase activity was accelerated, when either taurine or methionine was administered in combination with UDPGA. None of these organic thio-compounds used in this study showed more significant inhibitory action of beta glucuronidase activity than UDPGA in the single administration. It was perceived, however that the inhibitory action of beta-glucuronidase activity was much accelerated, when UDPGA was administered in combination either with taurine or methionine. In the administration of organic thio-compounds to Gunn strain rats, cysteine was detected to be the compound which accelerated the synthesis of glucuronide. It was also noted that no organic thio-compounds used in this study affected as influence on beta-glucuronidase activity. PMID- 6790726 TI - Multiple systems organ failure: V. Alterations in the plasma protein profile in septic trauma - effects of intravenous amino acids. AB - The correlations between the acute phase and nutritional plasma proteins and intravenous amino acid dosage have been explored in a group of 25 trauma septic patients of whom 14 survived. The two groups of patients appeared to have equal cardiopulmonary function and exogenous nutritional support. The surviving group showed significant associated changes (p less than or equal to 0.05) between alpha1 acid glycoprotein, alpha2 HS glycoprotein, and ceruloplasmin (acute-phase proteins) and between prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin (nutritional proteins). There were no correlations in concentration changes between these two groups of plasma proteins. The surviving group showed significant positive correlations between the nutritional plasma protein and intravenous amino acid dosage (prealbumin, p less than or equal to 0.001; transferrin, p less than or equal to 0.008; retinol-binding protein, p less than or equal to 0.001; and albumin, p less than or equal to 0.004) but no correlations with the acute-phase proteins. The nonsurviving patients showed significant intercorrelations between the acute-phase and nutritional proteins that were not seen in the surviving patients, and showed no relationship between intravenous amino acid dosage and the plasma levels of nutritional proteins. The data are consistent with increased obligatory catabolism of amino acids in the nonsurviving patient which based upon the amino acid behavior documented in the first paper in this series probably involves the branched-chain amino acids. PMID- 6790727 TI - Fixation-induced intramembrane particle movement demonstrated in freeze-fracture replicas of a new type of septate junction in echinoderm epithelia. PMID- 6790728 TI - Rat myoblast fusion: morphological study of membrane apposition, fusion, and fission during controlled myogenesis in vitro. PMID- 6790729 TI - Capsule fine structure in thin slices of Klebsiella pneumoniae Biovar d (Richard). PMID- 6790730 TI - Origin, differentiation, distribution and possible functional role of annulate lamellae during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790731 TI - Pyelocaliceal diverticulum presenting as a disappearing renal mass. AB - We report a rare case of a disappearing cystic mass of the kidney. Pyelocaliceal diverticulum has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with pyelonephritis and a space-occupying lesion of the kidney. Initial conservative therapy with antibiotics helps to determine the definitive diagnosis. Surgical management is recommended to prevent sequelae of pain and infection. PMID- 6790732 TI - Antenatal diagnosis and treatment of fetal skeletal malformations. With emphasis on in utero surgery for neural tube defects and limb bud regeneration. PMID- 6790733 TI - Fulminant Meningococcemia after splenectomy. PMID- 6790735 TI - Screening of blood donors. PMID- 6790734 TI - Can aldose reductase inhibition ameliorate diabetic neuropathy? PMID- 6790737 TI - Evaluation of pneumococcal vaccine. PMID- 6790736 TI - Paint spray gun injury of the hand. Report of an unusual source of lead poisoning. PMID- 6790738 TI - Scabies presenting as urticaria. PMID- 6790739 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and potassium metabolism]. PMID- 6790740 TI - [Neurofibromatosis associated with endocardial cushion defects--a case report]. PMID- 6790741 TI - [Genetic regulation of immune response (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790742 TI - [Histochemical demonstration of the carbonic anhydrase in the gastric surface epithelium of the human (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790743 TI - [Experimental pancreatitis and its treatment with fat emulsion hyperalimentation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790744 TI - Rickettsia tsutsugamushi antibody in mother/cord pairs of sera. PMID- 6790745 TI - The incidence of antibody to Aino virus in animals and humans in Fukuoka. PMID- 6790746 TI - Characteristics of Murayama virus in various cell cultures and laboratory animals. AB - Some biological properties of Murayama virus, a new paramyxovirus, were studied. The virus grew well in primary monkey kidney cells as well as embryonated eggs, while the virus yields in primary chick embryo and BHK-21 cells were much lower. The infected BHK-21 cells formed large syncytia and showed typical hemadsorption, but did not produce any detectable amount of hemagglutinin in the culture fluid. The virus yields were very low in Vero. LLC-MK2 and MDCK cells at first passages. The addition of trypsin to the medium enhanced virus growth in Vero and LLC-MK2 but not in MDCK cells. Cell fusion activity of the virus was observed in Molt-4 cells. Hemolytic activity was enhanced by freeze-thawing. Several species of mammals and birds were susceptible to experimental infections with the virus as evidenced by seroconversion and positive virus isolation without showing any clinical signs. PMID- 6790747 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 14. Pregnancy in monkeys. IV]. PMID- 6790748 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 15. Pregnancy in monkeys. (V)]. PMID- 6790749 TI - [Comparative gynecology of monkeys and man. 16. Sex and reproduction of primates (V)]. PMID- 6790750 TI - [Promotion of regional public health activities--creation of a community atmosphere and the role of nursing]. PMID- 6790751 TI - [Changes of the regional society and the conditions for regional health care: an example in the population structure of Tokyo]. PMID- 6790752 TI - [Nursing information and the computer. The use of an automated recording instrument in medical history taking]. PMID- 6790753 TI - [Nursing information and the computer. The use of a history taking instrument in guidance of daily activities]. PMID- 6790754 TI - [Nursing information and the computer. Introduction of a micro-computer in nursing information processing]. PMID- 6790755 TI - [Bedside nursing. Activities of the nursing discussion sessions on terminal care at the North Branch of the Horikawa Hospital]. PMID- 6790756 TI - [Nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of stomach cancer: a process leading to acceptance of death]. PMID- 6790757 TI - [Children at the pediatric department. 2. Naughty "Kumi-chan"]. PMID- 6790758 TI - [Activities of nurses facing scenes of life and death. 6. Lonely struggle of a nurse assigned to a business establishment]. PMID- 6790759 TI - [Sex in a clinical scene. 17. Homosexuality]. PMID- 6790760 TI - [Questions and answers on diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. 3. Chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6790761 TI - [Transactional analysis used in nursing. 1. Development of the theory of transactional analysis]. PMID- 6790762 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Masumi Hinohara who has worked as a public health nurse in an isolated island for the past 30 years]. PMID- 6790763 TI - [Viva La Plata: life with the Japanese in Argentina. 6]. PMID- 6790764 TI - [Nurses' participation in decision-making by physicians: a thought on a surgical case of ruptured cerebral aneurysm with postoperative meal problems]. PMID- 6790765 TI - [A thought on the role of the nurse and clinical experiences: gaining confidence of the patients]. PMID- 6790766 TI - [A more positive attitude in the practice of nursing]. PMID- 6790767 TI - [Medical care given by the Horikawa Hospital, Kyoto, and its close relationship with the local residents]. PMID- 6790768 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a child with caries of the lumbar spine--an emotional approach to the child apprehensive of exacerbation and recurrence]. PMID- 6790769 TI - [Bedside nursing. An approach to a patient who is convinced of having kidney failure and refuses further care]. PMID- 6790770 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance of a young child with an amputated wrist in promoting her ADL]. PMID- 6790772 TI - [Importance of cleansing the patient's body learned in experiences with terminal care]. PMID- 6790771 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance of a young child with fecal retention and his family background]. PMID- 6790773 TI - [Dance away the headache?]. PMID- 6790774 TI - [Children at the pediatric department. 3. Struggle of a little boy with constipation]. PMID- 6790775 TI - [Activities of nurses facing scenes of life and death. 7. Actions behind the scene]. PMID- 6790777 TI - [Sex in clinical medicine. 18. Sexually transmitted diseases]. PMID- 6790778 TI - [Questions and answers on diseases of the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. 4. Alcoholic liver diseases]. PMID- 6790779 TI - [Transactional analysis used in nursing. 2. Analysis of the ego state and the egogram]. PMID- 6790776 TI - [Introduction to computers. 7. An encounter with a pocket computer (2). Conversion to the Fortran language]. PMID- 6790781 TI - [Viva La Plata. Life with the Japanese in Argentina. 7]. PMID- 6790780 TI - [Profile of a nurse: Ms. Fumiko Fujita who is active in an Osaka nurses' group studying psychiatric nursing]. PMID- 6790782 TI - [Living with senile parents--an organization of families with aged demented patients. A discussion]. PMID- 6790783 TI - [The activities of the organization of families with aged, demented patients]. PMID- 6790784 TI - [Telephone counseling services for families with senile patients]. PMID- 6790785 TI - [Questions and answers on the telephone counseling service for families with senile patients]. PMID- 6790786 TI - [Telephone counseling service for families with senile patients: a diary of a counselor]. PMID- 6790787 TI - [Dietary care and education of patients undergoing chronic dialysis]. PMID- 6790788 TI - [Assistance of dialysis patients with difficulties in regulating daily lives]. PMID- 6790789 TI - [Assistance of a hemodialysis patient in the regulation of diet and daily life activities following failure and excision of a grafted kidney]. PMID- 6790790 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient with psychogenic convulsions who distrusted the physician and nurses]. PMID- 6790791 TI - [Impression of a case study, "taught by a patient who was facing death" by Ikuko Fujita]. PMID- 6790792 TI - [Children in a pediatric department. 4. "How does a baby get in the mother's tummy?"]. PMID- 6790793 TI - [Activities of nurses at the scene of life and death. 8. Prescriptions for love and nursing care]. PMID- 6790794 TI - [Introduction to computers. 8. Practice computation]. PMID- 6790795 TI - [Physiology and hygiene related to smoking. 1. Smoking, coughs, and phlegm]. PMID- 6790796 TI - [Questions and answers on diseases of the liver, gallbladder and pancreas. 5. Drug-induced liver diseases]. PMID- 6790797 TI - [Alternative analysis used in nursing. 3. Various problems concerning the ego state]. PMID- 6790798 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Kinu Okuse who operates a private home for the mentally retarded]. PMID- 6790799 TI - [Viva La Plata: life with the Japanese in Argentina. 8. Activities at the health examination clinic]. PMID- 6790800 TI - Effects of chemical drive on the inhibition of respiration produced by laryngeal stimulation in cats. AB - In 8 anesthetized cats the acute respiratory responses to laryngeal stimulation were studied under various levels of chemical drive. Under air breathing condition with strong stimulation the animals showed either cough or apnea, whereas with relatively weak stimulation the animals showed smooth reduction in respiration due to a decrease in tidal volume and prolongation of both inspiratory and expiratory time. Although the inhibitory effect of laryngeal stimulation on tidal volume was independent of the level of chemical drive, the inhibition of respiration, when analyzed in terms of decrease in the minute ventilation, was greater the higher the chemical drive regardless of the type of chemical stimulus. Although bilateral vagotomy decreased the threshold of stimulus intensity for changes in respiratory pattern, especially under hypoxia, the effects of laryngeal stimulation on respiratory pattern in vagotomized animals were qualitatively similar to those obtained in the intact animals. We concluded that laryngeal stimulation has a direct action on the central respiratory mechanism regulating respiratory duration and that the interaction between laryngeal stimulation and chemical drive causes multiplicative inhibitory effects on ventilation. PMID- 6790801 TI - Ventilatory response to hypercapnia by rebreathing in successive trials. AB - The ventilatory response to carbon dioxide at rest was determined repeatedly by the rebreathing method; three successive CO2 response lines, with 30-min intervals, were examined in 12 healthy male subjects. Overall mean slopes obtained at 30, 60 and 90 min were 2.95, 2.47 and 2.28 liters/min . mmHg, respectively, the difference being statistically not significant. However, the slopes of four high responders, who were subjects with higher slopes than that of the mean values obtained here, decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) at 60 min as compared with the 30 min test, but this did not occur in the other subjects. Better reproducibility in obtaining the CO2 response slopes in the high responders was observed in the first rather than the 60 or 90 min trails, suggesting incomplete recovery in the humoral agents released during the CO2 test. These results indicated that the CO2 response curve by rebreathing should be determined carefully, especially in the high responder, taking into consideration its individual variability and and interval in consecutive measurements. PMID- 6790802 TI - Hormone dependency of chromosome aberrations induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in rat bone marrow cells: site-specific increase by erythropoietin. AB - The frequency of chromosome aberrations (CA) 6 hours after iv injection of 50 mg 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)/kg was studied in bone marrow cells of the noninbred Long-Evans rat under various hematopoietic conditions. The percentage of metaphase cells with CA was enhanced by anemia and suppressed by polycythemia. The low incidence of CA in polycythemic rats was reversed by 6 U of sheep erythropoietin (EP) injected at the time of DMBA treatment. The interchromosomal and intrachromosomal distribution of CA indicated that hematopoietic stimuli, more specifically EP, greatly enhanced DMBA-induced CA in specific chromosomal regions. PMID- 6790803 TI - Dimethylnitrosamine demethylase activity in fetal, suckling, and maternal mouse liver and its transplacental and transmammary induction by polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Oxidative demethylation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was detectable with liver homogenate preparations from fetal mice (noninbred Swiss) by day 16 of gestation; this activity increased to adult levels by postnatal day 7. Treatment of pregnant mice with a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), 500 mg Aroclor 1254/kg, on the last day of gestation caused a large elevation in DMN demethylase activity in the livers of their sucklings, relative to the normal ontogenic increase, reaching a maximum at postnatal day 21. Foster nursing experiments showed that this inductive effect was due primarily to lactational delivery of the PCB]s. DMN demethylase activity in the maternal livers was significantly lower than normal during pregnancy. The mothers' livers were also less responsive to DMN demethylase induction by PCB's during the last 5 days of gestation in comparison with the response earlier in pregnancy or just after delivery. In the livers of the mothers, induced activity resulting from treatment with PCB's on day 19 of gestation reached a maximum on postnatal days 4-7 and declined to normal levels by the time of weaning. PMID- 6790804 TI - [Host lipids in tuberculous infection. II. Cholesterol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790805 TI - [Effect of intravenous administration of nitroglycerin on the lesion size in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - A controlled study conducted in 60 patients (treated group 33 patients, control group 27 patients) showed that intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin results in 4 hours in a significantly positive dynamics of the parameters of precardial cartogram in 35 leads. Study of serial activity of CPK and MB fraction of CPK showed that a significant difference in the size of the affection is revealed only by the results of CPK examination. It was also established that a diminution in the size of the affection is possible both in increased end diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery and in normal initial value, which does not allow the mechanism of the protective nitroglycerin effect to be explained only by the hemodynamic action of vasodilation. PMID- 6790806 TI - [Pulmonary artery pressure and blood gas composition in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - The mean pressure in the pulmonary artery and the gaseous composition of arterial, capillary, venous and mixed venous blood were studied in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction. It was found that increased pressure in the pulmonary artery is congruous with low oxygen and carbon dioxide tension in arterial and capillary blood. Oxygen tension in venous blood was low while carbon dioxide tension was increased. Since increased pressure in the pulmonary artery was predominantly found in patients with cardiac insufficiency, the authors suggest using the data obtained in the comprehensive appraisal of the condition of hemodynamics and the efficacy of treatment. PMID- 6790807 TI - Metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney. PMID- 6790808 TI - Formation and metabolism of prostaglandins in the kidney. PMID- 6790809 TI - Prostaglandins and renal blood flow: in vivo studies. PMID- 6790810 TI - [Transfusion therapy in peritonitis]. PMID- 6790811 TI - [Role of the lymphatic system in the development of metabolic disorders in suppurative peritonitis]. PMID- 6790813 TI - [On parenteral infusion therapy adapted to the requirements of the neonatal period (author's transl)]. AB - Controversial data in literature and the results of our own investigations of the effects of varying liquid supply in premature and newborn infants have caused the setting up of an infusion pattern adapted to requirements for the neonatal period. The guidelines as proposed largely take into account varying water and energy catabolism of premature and newborn infants. As a matter of principle electrolyte substitution is not related to body weight but to the particular infusion quantity administered. It is of vital importance that no infusion pattern can do without a corresponding monitoring. Observation of the most essential parameters in the sera and urines of 65 solely parenterally infused premature and newborn infants has shown that very rarely, only on special occasions, minor adjustments had to be made. PMID- 6790814 TI - Three cases of beta-galactosidase deficiency. AB - A clinical description of three cases of beta-galactosidase deficiency is presented. Two cases are classical for infant type GM1-gangliosidosis, the third is characterised by dysostosis multiplex with growth retardation and of normal intelligence. Laboratory data revealed mucopolysaccharides in the urine of all described patients in a high level of normal values and increased excretion of oligosaccharides in the urine. Both patients with a classical picture of GM1 gangliosidosis have a very low activity of beta-galactosidase, activity of beta galactosidase in their parents cells is diminished by 50% of control. In the third nontypical case enzyme deficiency was less expressed. These cases emphasize the variability of the clinical expression in beta-galactosidase deficiency. PMID- 6790812 TI - [Histamine and serotonin metabolism changes in the blood and lymph in peritonitis]. PMID- 6790816 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on left ventricular contraction in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6790815 TI - Stereospecific determination of D-thyroxin and L-thyroxin in serum. AB - A new method for separate determination of D-thyroxin and L-thyroxin in the serum was applied to study the response of serum levels of these isomers and of radioimmunologically determined total T3, total T4, free T4 and TSH upon administration of 2, 4 and 6 mg of a highly purified D-thyroxin preparation in six male patients with diffuse nontoxic goiter. D- and L-thyroxin are determined separately following extraction of the hormone from the serum and formation of diastereomeric dipeptides. The separation and final determination are accomplished by means of ion-pair chromatography on reversed-phase columns using an iodine-selective catalytic detector. A significant decrease in TSH takes place during the 3-days observation period. The values of D-T4, total T3 and free T4 are highest 4 hours after administration of the tablets and get to be to initial values after 24 hours. L-T4 shows no significant change. A direct suppressive effect of D-T4 on the pituitary gland may therefore be assumed as the cause of the suppression of TSH secretion. PMID- 6790818 TI - [Histamine metabolism in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6790817 TI - [Use of osmotic diuretics in brain edema in meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6790820 TI - [The meeting of the united German Nurses' Associations on the Day of Nursing in Frankfurt]. PMID- 6790819 TI - [Effect of physical training on the manifestation of reactions to breathing a gas mixture containing 5% CO2 and 14% O2]. AB - The effect of a hypoxic-hypercapnic gas mixture (5% CO2 + 14% O2) on the exercising man was studied. At a low work load inhalation of this gas mixture inhibited gas exchange, and after 10 month training stimulated it. Thus, increase in physical endurance was followed by increase in human resistance to O2 deficiency and CO2 excess in the breathing mixture. PMID- 6790821 TI - [75 years of a professional journal: documentation of continuity and change in nursing]. PMID- 6790822 TI - [The status of nursing today - from the viewpoint of the nursing school]. PMID- 6790823 TI - [The status of nursing today - from the viewpoint of nursing services]. PMID- 6790824 TI - [The status of nursing today - from the politician's viewpoint]. PMID- 6790825 TI - [The status of nursing today - from the politician's viewpoint]. PMID- 6790826 TI - [Nursing in the 80s - demands and potentials. Prospects for a nursing-oriented education]. PMID- 6790827 TI - [Nursing in the 80s - demands and potentials. Further and continued education as a requirement of professional innovation]. PMID- 6790828 TI - [Nursing in the 80s - demands and potentials. The future of male and female nursing assistants]. PMID- 6790829 TI - [Nursing in the 80s - demands and potentials. Ambulatory nursing care - prospects for the patient and nursing personnel]. PMID- 6790830 TI - [Education of students with and without practical education]. PMID- 6790831 TI - [Patients and their role. 2]. PMID- 6790832 TI - [Family-oriented health care in the USA]. PMID- 6790833 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbit fur. PMID- 6790834 TI - Husbandry and breeding of a newly-established colony of cotton-topped tamarins (Saguinus oedipus oedipus). AB - From November 1976 to February 1979 a total of 8 litters were born to 6 females. Of the 14 infants, 10 were successfully reared by their parents. Housing, nutrition, a balance between environmental stability and stimulation, and female multiparity are seen as factors contributing to the breeding success of this colony. A controlled male and female pairing programme provided information on mating behavior and gestation length. One gestation of at least 166 days was observed, longer than that of the common marmoset. PMID- 6790836 TI - Scrub Typhus antibody in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in Malaysia. AB - Using an indirect immunofluorescence technique, sera from 113 cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), trapped in Peninsular Malaysia, were screened for the presence of antibody to six prototype strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi combined into three polyvalent groupings: I--Karp, TA716, and TA763; II--Gilliam; and III--TA678 and TH1817. Fifteen percent (17/113) of the monkeys had antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:50 to one or more of the antigenic groups. Although a titer greater than or equal to 1:150 is generally considered indicative or prior Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection, we selected a less than 1:25 titer as a conservative standard to insure non-infected animals. Using this criterion, 62 (55%) of the 113 monkeys were accepted for use in scrub typhus studies. The high prevalence of antibody to scrub typhus in the semi-arboreal cynomolgus monkey is in marked contrast to the low prevalence reported in the strictly arboreal silvered leaf monkeys (Presbytis cristatus). The results of this study indicate that cynomolgus monkeys should be rigorously screened for evidence of prior infection before they are included in experimental scrub typhus studies. PMID- 6790835 TI - Diet as a coadjuvant for development of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). AB - During a study of the effects of nutrition on experimental tumors in hamsters, fatal diarrhea developed. To determine the role of diet in this condition and the relationship between diet and antibiotics, two diets were used, ground commercial diet and a purified diet. Two antibiotics were used, neomycin sulfate and vancomycin. Diarrhea was evident soon after the animals were given the combination of purified diet and neomycin sulfate. Vancomycin initially acted as a suppressor of diarrhea, but hamsters fed the purified diet developed diarrhea after the drug was discontinued. None of the animals fed ground commercial diet treated with neomycin sulfate developed diarrhea. Clostridium difficile was isolated from most of the sick animals; all of the isolates of Clostridium difficile were toxigenic except one. No significant differences were seen among the Clostridium difficile isolated from different animals. Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium tertium also were isolated from some of the animals. PMID- 6790837 TI - Lack of susceptibility of congenitally athymic nude mice to human non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Nude mice were inoculated intravenously with chimpanzee serum containing a human non-A, non-b hepatitis agent. Control groups of nude mice were inoculated with normal saline or normal chimpanzee serum. During 77 days of observation, evidence of non-A, non-B hepatitis was not detected. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels remained within normal limits, and normal liver histology was seen in serially killed mice. PMID- 6790838 TI - In vivo residual activities of the phenylalanine hydroxylating system in phenylketonuria and variants. PMID- 6790839 TI - Methylmalonic aciduria in a black female child with congenital short femur on the right side. PMID- 6790840 TI - Metabolite profiling of human muscle extracts by isotachophoresis. PMID- 6790842 TI - Antenatal diagnosis of propionic acidaemia by methylcitrate determination. PMID- 6790841 TI - Pterin metabolism in normal subjects and hyperphenylalaninaemic patients. AB - The application of high performance liquid chromatography to the estimation of urinary pterins is illustrated by results from normal subjects and from patients with phenylketonuria, dihydropteridine reductase deficiency and biopterin synthetase deficiency. In normal subjects following a phenylalanine load the is a temporary increase in pterin elimination, the pattern being different to that seen in chronic hyperphenylalaninaemia. PMID- 6790843 TI - Phenylalanine loading tests in genetic counselling: 5 years exprience with its premarital use. PMID- 6790844 TI - Two forms of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiencies are classified into early and late forms. The early form showed higher urinary excretion of 3 hydroxyisovalerate and 3-hydroxypropionate than the late form and was associated with normal plasma biotin concentrations. It is proposed that holocarboxylase synthetase and intestinal biotin absorption are defective in the early and late forms respectively. PMID- 6790845 TI - Urocanic acid contents in histidinaemic infant and developing rat epidermis. PMID- 6790846 TI - Lactic acidosis due to pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. AB - Two unrelated Canadian Indian infants presented with metabolic acidosis. Lactate, pyruvate, glutamic acid, proline and alanine were greatly elevated in plasma. Urinary excretion of alpha-ketoglutarate and pyruvate was increased. Pyruvate carboxylase activity was very low in skin fibroblasts and liver. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase was low in liver. Both infants were unresponsive to several enzyme cofactors, including biotin. Both survive at age 2 years with severe mental retardation.. PMID- 6790847 TI - Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in hyperphenylalaninaemia. AB - Phenylalanine tolerance in vivo has been compared with the phenylalanine hydroxylase activity of liver biopsy specimens in 14 newly detected cases of hyperphenylalaninaemia. Hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase activity does not predict the degree of dietary restriction that will be required. PMID- 6790849 TI - Urinary organic acids in normal full-term newborns aged 1-7 days. AB - urinary organic acid metabolite excretion patterns in normal newborns aged 1 to 7 days were analysed by GC and MS. Statistical analysis showed significantly different relationships between metabolite excretion, age, sex and feed. The data provide a necessary background for the diagnosis of inborn errors or organic acid metabolism. PMID- 6790848 TI - Hyperornithinaemia associated with gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina: in vivo and in vitro response to vitamin B6. PMID- 6790850 TI - Transaminative metabolism of L-cysteine in rat tissues. PMID- 6790851 TI - Use of alpha-methylphenylalanine for studies of brain development in experimental phenylketonuria. AB - Experimental phenylketonuria was induced in newborn rats by administration of L phenylalanine and alpha-methylphenylalanine. There was no primary disturbance of myelination, but reduced cell proliferation, early cell death and compensatory hyperplasia were evident in the cerebellum. PMID- 6790852 TI - Renal transport of aromatic acids in patients with phenylketonuria. AB - Renal clearance of phenylpyruvic acid is maximal at a plasma concentration of 40 60 mumol/l. This concentration is obtained with plasma phenylalanine concentrations of 1.0-1.2 mmol/l, the threshold for separating classical phenylketonuria from phenylketonuria variants. PMID- 6790853 TI - Late onset type of propionic acidaemia: case report and biochemical studies. AB - A late-onset case of propionic acidaemia with favourable response to restriction of dietary protein is described. During a keto-acidotic crisis, this patient demonstrated unexpectedly low concentrations of propionic acid and glycine in blood and urine but increased urinary output of some secondary metabolites. PMID- 6790854 TI - Intracellular concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine and alpha-aminobutyric acid in 13 homozygotes and 19 heterozygotes for phenylketonuria compared with 26 normals. PMID- 6790855 TI - Histoenzymological activities of Gaucher cells. AB - Seven samples from liver and/or spleen of patients with Gaucher's disease have been investigated by histoenzymological techniques. Unexpected results such as beta-glucosidase positivity, increase of other hydrolases, and increase of dehydrogenase activities are discussed. PMID- 6790856 TI - Prolidase deficiency with iminodipeptiduria: biochemical investigations and first results of attempted therapy. AB - A 33-year-old female patient with chronic recurrent leg ulcerations was shown to present a massive iminodipeptiduria which seemed to be attributable to disturbance of collagen metabolism. Biochemical investigations confirmed an hereditary prolidase deficiency. A treatment was tried for the first time and showed a good biochemical result and a clinical improvement. PMID- 6790857 TI - Hypermethioninaemia and 3-hydroxyisobutyric aciduria in an apparently healthy baby. AB - An apparently healthy baby with persistent hypermethioninaemia excretes increased amounts of 3-hydroxyisobutyrate, 3-hydroxypropionate, beta-aminoisobutyrate and beta-alanine. A defect in the oxidation of methylmalonic and malonic semialdehydes is proposed but the cause of the hypermethioninaemia is obscure. PMID- 6790858 TI - Screening of high risk infants for metabolic disease in a metropolitan hospital. PMID- 6790860 TI - Neonatal I-cell disease: clinical and biochemical observations. PMID- 6790859 TI - The activity of carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) in the intestine and screening for OCT deficiency in the rectal mucosa. PMID- 6790861 TI - Preliminary report on mellituria in phenylketonuric children: modification in the excretion of glucose and pentoses. PMID- 6790862 TI - Pyroglutamic aciduria (5-oxoprolinuria) without glutathione synthetase deficiency and with decreased pyroglutamate hydrolase activity. PMID- 6790863 TI - Estimation of energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle homogenate as a diagnostic aid. AB - A method is presented for the in vitro testing of the energy metabolism of human skeletal muscle. The levels of creatine phosphate, ATP, ADP and AMP, which are defined by the activity of many enzyme system, are measured after incubation of the muscle homogenate with various substrates in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors. Detection of abnormal metabolite concentrations is important for diagnosis of patients with myopathic syndromes. PMID- 6790864 TI - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and mental retardation. PMID- 6790865 TI - Defective ornithine metabolism in the syndrome of hyperornithinaemia, hyperammonaemia and homocitrullinuria. PMID- 6790866 TI - Analysis of inborn errors of metabolism and other genetic defects in human fibroblasts using two-dimensional polypeptide mapping. AB - A standardized technique for the two-dimensional polypeptide mapping of cultured human fibroblasts has been used for the study of cellular protein variations in healthy controls, patients with inborn errors of metabolism and some other genetic defects. The analysis of about 50 gels has established that this method is very reproducible and enables the examination of about 600 polypeptides in a single gel. The inter-individual variation has been rather low (about 3%). In the gels from patients with genetic defects only very minor qualitative variations have been observed. PMID- 6790867 TI - Towards enzyme therapy using carrier erythrocytes. PMID- 6790868 TI - SJL tumor: a neoplasm involving macrophages. AB - Tumor-bearing lymph nodes from SJL mice were characterized by histologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic methods. These approaches consistently revealed a predominance of macrophage-like cells in the primary neoplasm. When the tumor bearing lymph nodes were placed in cell culture, colonies of adherent cells grew slowly to confluence and demonstrated morphologic and functional properties of macrophages. The tumor cells were also grown in soft agar where clusters and colonies of large, often binucleate, cells predominated. These cells were uniformly nonspecific esterase-positive, again, suggesting a macrophage origin. In addition, supernatants derived from SJL tumor cells were shown to have mitogen augmenting activity as tested on murine thymocytes. These findings are discussed in the context of the SJL tumor as a proliferative condition primarily involving macrophages, which may be useful as a model of human diseases such as Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6790869 TI - Prostacyclin release from cultured and ex vivo bovine vascular endothelium. Studies with thrombin, arachidonic acid, and ionophore A23187. AB - Prostacyclin release from systemic and pulmonary endothelium has been evaluated in cultured cell monolayers and in an ex vivo vascular segment model in which the endothelium remains in contact with subendothelial structures. The effect of exposure to arachidonic acid, ionophore A23187, and thrombin on prostacyclin release has been assessed. Arachidonic acid elicited prostacyclin release in a dose-dependent fashion. Ionophore also stimulated bovine systemic endothelium to release prostacyclin. Thrombin-endothelial cell interactions have been examined extensively. Unlike umbilical venous endothelium, systemic and pulmonary bovine endothelium did not release prostacyclin following exposure to thrombin. Exposure to thrombin also failed to evoke the release of tritiated arachidonate metabolites from the bovine endothelial cell preparations. The presence of high affinity binding sites for thrombin (KD = 9.5 X 10(-9) M) on the bovine endothelium suggests that either thrombin binding is causally unrelated to prostacyclin release or that the bovine cells lack mediators required for thrombin to exert its effect. PMID- 6790870 TI - School health services: what costs? What benefits? PMID- 6790871 TI - Veterinary intensive care. PMID- 6790872 TI - Synthesis of the Octa- and nonachlorobiphenyl isomers and congeners and their quantitation in commercial polychlorinated biphenyls and identification in human breast milk. AB - The synthesis of all possible Isomeric nona- and octachlorobiphenyls has been accomplished by the Cadogan coupling of commercially available or synthetic chlorinated anilines in the presence of excess chlorinated benzenes and isoamyl nitrite. 2, 3, 4, 6-Tetrachloraniline was prepared by the chlorination of 2, 4, 5 trichloroaniline. The synthetic polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were characterized by their proton magnetic resonance and mass spectra and their purities determined by gas chromatographic analyses. The PCB standards were used to unambiguously identify the deca-, nona-, and octachlorobiphenyls present in human breast milk and in the commercial PCB preparations Arociors 1268, 1262, 1260, 1254, 1248, 1242, 1016, 1232 and 1221 utilizing high resolution glass capillary gas chromatography. PMID- 6790873 TI - Effect of enteral and parenteral feeding in malnourished rats with E. coli hemoglobin adjuvant peritonitis. PMID- 6790874 TI - Ex vivo perfusion of a tumor-containing colon with monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6790875 TI - Regulation of central and peripheral carbohydrate reserves after selective inhibition of enzyme monoamine oxidase: comparison between fed and starved rats. AB - 1. Maintenance of brain, liver and heart glycogen after selective inhibition of enzyme monoamine oxidase with clorgyline and deprinil was studied in normally fed or starved rats. 2. The administration of clorgyline to fed rats produces an important decrease in glycogen of the brain after 3 h of injection whereas the same treatment to starved rats resulted in complete exhaustion of brain glycogen stores. 3. Deprinil administration provoked a complete disappearance of glycogen in brain in fed rats after one and three hours of the injection but the same dose given to starved rats had a similar effect only after one hour since three hours after brain glycogen reserves of starved rats were close to the control values. 4. Clorgyline did not modify hepatic glycogen in fed rats but in starved rats in increase after three hours of administration took place. 5. Deprinil decreased liver glycogen in fed rats but the starved rats showed increases after one and three hours. 6. Heart glycogen increased in fed rats after clorgyline injection but starved rats showed slight decreases. Deprinil decreased cardiac glycogen slightly in fed as well as starved rats. 7. After one hour of deprinil injection glycemia was at the lowest value in fed rats but the decrease in starved rats was less marked. Three hours after deprinil or clorgyline administration both groups showed increases in glycemia. 8. Marked differences in the degree of MAO inhibition between fed and starved rats were observed after clorgyline and deprinil administration. The brain of starved rats showed only 49% inhibition whereas fed rats had 91% enzyme inhibition after three hours of deprinil treatment. PMID- 6790876 TI - Small animal traversing gamma counter. AB - A whole body traverser was developed that provides a variety of radionuclide detection configurations for retention and distribution studies. Data from biologically incorporated radionuclides were shown to be less susceptible to geometrical problems with this whole body traverser than with the usual forms of whole body counters. When used in its fully rotational mode, the effects of photon energy and attenuation due to various body tissues, thicknesses, and radionuclide locations were minimized. Consistent presentation of all aspects of the sample produced greater than 95% correlation with the predictable data and less than 2% counting fluctuations. The whole body traverser was utilized in radiolabeled microsphere tracer studies for the determination of regional blood flow and as a static counter for long term retention studies. PMID- 6790877 TI - Effects of norepinephrine on pineal tryptophan hydroxylase, using an improved [14C]CO2-trapping microtechnique. AB - The synthesis of many biogenic amines involves hydroxylation and/or decarboxylation reactions. These enzymes are often measured by trapping and be determining the concentrations of their end products [14C]CO2, from carboxyl labeled substrates. An improved [14C]CO2-trapping technique has been developed for microassay of tryptophan hydroxylase activity. This technique allows hydroxylation and decarboxylation reactions to be carried out sequentially in microculture tubes containing reaction mixtures in less than 50 microliter. The incubation vessel consists of two microculture tubes connected by a latex tubing serving as a sleeve. One of the two microculture tubes were used to carry out enzymatic reactions and the other one was filled with CO2-trapping agent to trap [14C]CO2. The utility of this technique was tested by measuring the effects of biogenic amine on tryptophan hydroxylase in bovine pineal explants in culture. The bovine pineal tryptophan hydroxylase was found to have a specific activity of 8.93 pmol/mg protein/min, and its activity was linear with respect to both incubation time and to protein concentrations. In addition, treatment with norepinephrine of both rat pineal gland and bovine pineal explants in culture for 2, 4, and 6 hr had no effect on the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase. It is believed that this technique may be adapted easily to measure numerous CO2 generating enzymatic reactions whenever the amounts of protein or the size of tissue demands the application of a microtechnique. PMID- 6790878 TI - Non-linear regression of biological temperature-dependent rate models based on absolute reaction-rate theory. PMID- 6790879 TI - [Local morphological and functional changes in patients with obstructed testicular excretory ducts]. AB - Following a short introduction to the physiology and function of gonads in men, the authors present their material and exploration methods. the study covered 39 patients with azoospermia of obstructive origin. The obstruction of v. deferens developed in 29 patients after a non-specific inflammatory reaction, in 7 patients after a trauma, in 2 patients after vasectomy, and one patient was a case of congenital anomaly. Concentrations of FSH and ICSH in the plasma of the patients studied did not show any major deviations. Histological analysis showed normal morphological spermatids and primary spermatocytes with degenerative changes in later stages in 29 patients. In the remaining 10 patients, most probably due to the inflammatory reaction and as the result of congenital anomaly, the destruction of the germinal epithelium was evident. Spermagglutinins in the serum of the patients were detected in 56.8%. Such a high percentage of antispermatic agglutinins is meant to be the result of obstruction and the presence of the inflammatory agent. PMID- 6790880 TI - [Indirect effects of synthetic LHRH on cervical mucus characteristics]. AB - With the intention of establishing the indirect effect of synthetic LHRH on the qualities of cervical secretion, changes in the cervical mucus of 10 patients suffering from eugonadotropic and hypogonadotropic amenorrhoea were evaluated in a 5 day LHRH application in a daily dose of 100 micrograms i. m. Applying LHRH a significant increase of LH and FSH concentrations without evident differences in cervical mucus characteristics was observed. The quality of the cervical mucus was evaluated by arborization, spinnbarkeit, and the "burning phenomenon". In order to exclude to overall cervical unreactiveness, estrogens to LHRH were added in the course of the following five days. The cervical mucus characteristics had considerably improved without any evident change in FSH and LH concentrations. It is supposed that synthetic LHRH in a daily dose of 100 micrograms i. m. within five days does not affect ovarian steroid production in a way that could be reflected one change in the quality of the cervical mucus. PMID- 6790881 TI - Selected aspects of differentiation in mineralizing tissues. PMID- 6790882 TI - On the accuracy of protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have investigated the accuracy of protein synthesis in somatic tissue of young and senescent Drosophila melanogaster by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis. Electrophoretic heterogeneity characteristic of translational error could not be detected at either age, placing the error frequency below about 4 X 10(-4) per codon. As a positive control on the efficacy of the technique, we showed that electrophoretic heterogeneity is detectable in bacterial cells grown in streptomycin, and that the error frequency calculated from these data is in good agreement with independent measurements. Such cells can tolerate an error frequency of about 3 x 10(-3) without cell lethality, or error catastrophe. Since the Drosophila somatic error frequency is at least eight times lower, even in senescent organisms, translational error is unlikely to be a cause of senescence in Drosophila. PMID- 6790883 TI - [Diverticulosis of gallbladder. 42 cases]. PMID- 6790884 TI - [Treatment of pityriasis alba with a combination of coal tar, diiodohydroxyquinolin and hydrocortisone]. AB - Pityriasis Alba, a dermatosis whose significance is basically cosmetic, is extremely common and so benign that the majority of patients-dark skinned children and young people do not consult a physician. Nevertheless due to its high incidence and chronicity a large number of patients eventually seek relief. The various treatments currently employed based on a mistaken concept of its etiology are ineffective, though the dermatosis disappears spontaneously after some time. The use of cream containing 2% coal tar., 1% diiodohydroxyquinolin and 0.5% hydrocortisone applied 3 times a day for one month on 29 patients in a double blind trial compared with on the contralateral region, proved to have acceptable results, with a highly significant difference compared with the placebo (P less than 0,0005). PMID- 6790885 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. PMID- 6790886 TI - [Higher costs but limited benefits with two-picture mammography in screening]. PMID- 6790887 TI - Primary malleus fixation: diagnosis and treatment. AB - Primary malleus fixation occurs in an otherwise normal middle ear without evidence of congenital deformity and without chronic inflammatory changes. It occurs in the latter decades of life and is frequently associated with sensorineural presbycusis. We believe it is a ligament ankylosis with osteoarthritis related to the aging process. The diagnosis of malleus fixation is facilitated through the use of a modified Siegle pneumatic otoscope in conjunction with the Zeiss binocular microscope. The literature pertaining to this subject as well as the more historical reports are reviewed. Goodhill has written extensively on malleus fixation. The audiologic test results in the fixed malleus cases reviewed for this study often presented a misleading picture, sometimes mimicking stapedial otosclerosis with a characteristic Carhart's notch and sometimes indistinguishable from sensorineural presbycusis. Usually speech discrimination scores fell in the very good to excellent range. Weber tests, whether performed by tuning forks or audiometrically, almost always lateralized to the suspect ear. Impedance frequently failed to conform to the expected fixed malleus pattern of low static compliance and absent acoustic reflexes; there was an equal number of low compliance and normal range compliance tympanograms and 15% of the total number of our cases had abnormally high compliance tympanograms. Stapedial reflexes are normally expected to be absent with lateral ossicular fixation, but this was not a consistent finding with contralateral test stimulation. The decision for surgical treatment is dependent on the audiological findings and the potential hearing gain. The technique described consists of the removal of the incus and the head of the malleus and the reconstruction of a sound conducting pathway from the handle of the malleus to the mobile stapes or from the mobile stapes to the under surface of the tympanic membrane using a prosthesis-ossicle arrangement. Malleus fixation occurs far more often than it is diagnosed. Surgical correction can result in a worthwhile hearing gain even when the air-bone gap is narrow or nonexistent. The technique of ossicular reconstruction is dictated by the anatomical findings. Some form of autograft ossicular reconstruction from the malleus handle to the stapes is most frequently utilized. Otosclerosis with stapes fixation sometimes causes a lateral ossicular fixation due to degenerative disease and fibrosis. In this instance a stapedectomy is performed as the primary procedure with subsequent revision as necessary to eliminate the lateral obstruction. PMID- 6790888 TI - [Slow-release lithium carbonate versus standard preparation in bipolar affective disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790889 TI - Taurine mobilizing effects of beta alanine and other inhibitors of taurine transport. PMID- 6790890 TI - Characterization of corticotropin-releasing factor activity from sheep hypothalamic extracts. PMID- 6790891 TI - Effect of cadmium on ethanol induced sleeping time in mice. PMID- 6790892 TI - Obesity: can some fat cells enlarge while others are shrinking? AB - CBA mice were made obese by injection with gold thioglucose (GTG). After receiving transplants of "lean" and "GTG-obese" fat under separate kidney capsules, the host mice were fed a restricted diet for three weeks. Over this period, the fat cells in the lean grafts enlarged whereas the fat cells in the GTG-obese grafts shrank. Concurrent fat loss and fat gain can therefore take place. PMID- 6790893 TI - Serological diagnosis of gonorrhoea: detection of antibodies to gonococcal pili by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6790894 TI - A new source of start sample for the Autogrouper 16-C blood grouping machine. PMID- 6790895 TI - [Emergency states in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6790896 TI - [Diet therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6790897 TI - [Risk of hepatitis in fibrin gluing in general surgery]. PMID- 6790898 TI - [Isolation of a Trypanosoma cruzi strain of predominantly slender form in Argentina]. PMID- 6790899 TI - The effects of ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) on the proliferation and differentiation of stimulated periodontal ligament fibroblasts. PMID- 6790900 TI - The role of Ca++ in sulfation factor activity on embryonic chick cartilage. PMID- 6790901 TI - Urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine: an assessment of muscle protein catabolism in adult normal subjects and during malnutrition, sepsis, and skeletal trauma. AB - The urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3 MEH) has been shown to be a reliable index of muscle protein breakdown. It is decreased in protein-calorie malnutrition and increased during the hypercatabolic phase of sepsis and thermal trauma. Losses of 3 MEH after moderate to severe skeletal trauma in man and animals are reported as increased or unchanged. To clarify this response, 24 male and 6 female skeletal trauma patients were evaluated for 24 hr urinary losses of 3 MEH, nitrogen and creatinine. Eight of the 24 males also received a catabolic steroid for treatment of a head injury. In addition, 3 male and 1 female septic patients were similarly evaluated. Controls consisted of 10 volunteers on a meat free diet for 4 days and of 8 volunteers who were given only intravenous 5% dextrose in water for 3 days. The 3 MEH excretion for all control males was 3.6 mumole/Kg/day and for females was 2.8 Skeletal trauma produced a 280% increase for the males and a 225% increase for the females. Trauma with steroids caused a 325% increase. Sepsis induced a 227% increase in 3 MEH losses for males and 292% for females during the febrile episode. Creatinine excretion also increased significantly in response to trauma and sepsis but the magnitude of the increase was less than for 3 MEH. This was reflected in the 3 MEH to creatinine molar ratio increase from 0.018 for controls to 0.030-0.040 in sepsis and trauma. Patients with extensive body weight loss showed decreases in 3 MEH and creatinine excretion and a molar ratio similar to controls. The calculated contribution of muscle protein to whole body protein breakdown in the trauma and septic groups showed a twofold increase compared to the control group. The data indicate that the increased muscle protein catabolic response following stress of skeletal trauma and sepsis provides an insight on the origin of the large urinary nitrogen losses following such insults. PMID- 6790902 TI - Whole body leucine and lysine metabolism studied with [1-13C]leucine and [alpha 15N]lysine: response in healthy young men given excess energy intake. PMID- 6790903 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein concentrations in familial apolipoprotein A-I and A-II deficiency (Tangier disease). AB - Familial apolipoprotein A-I and A-II deficiency (Tangier disease) is characterized by cholesterol ester deposition in histiocytes, decreased plasma cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-LDL), and a striking deficiency of high density lipoproteins (HDL). We measured plasma lipid, lipoprotein cholesterol, and plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, A-II, B, C-I, C-II, C-III, D, and E concentrations in 7 Tangier homozygotes, 2 obligate heterozygotes, and 50 normal subjects. Heterozygotes had modest reductions in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (C-HDL), plasma apoA-I, and apoA-II levels. Mean concentrations (+/- SD) of plasma C-HDL and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, B, C I, C-II, C-III, D, and E in mg% in normals were: 50 +/- 14, 134 +/- 24, 68 +/- 18, 98 +/- 20, 7 +/- 2, 3.7 +/- 2, 13 +/- 5, 10 +/- 4, and 10 +/- 4, respectively; and in homozygotes were: 1 +/- 1, 1.3 +/- 0.7, 4.8 +/- 2.5, 82.6 +/ 18, 4.1 +/- 1.7, 2.3 +/- 0.9, 6.5 +/- 3.8, 2.2 +/- 0.5, +/- 3.1, respectively. Homozygotes had C-HDL, apoA-I and apoA-II levels which were 2%, 1%, and 7% (p less than .001) of normal, respectively, and mean levels of apolipoproteins B, C I, C-II, C-III, D, and E which were 84%, 59%, 62%, 50%, 22%, and 54% of normal, respectively. There was heterogeneity of these latter apolipoprotein concentrations among homozygotes. Mean apoC-I, apoC-III, apoD, and apoE levels were significantly less than normal (pp less than .05) in homozygotes. These data indicate that homozygotes have variable but generally decreased apoC and apoE levels, a deficiency of apoD, and a striking reduction in plasma apoA-I and apoA II concentrations. PMID- 6790904 TI - Cell culture studies of a patient with congenital lipoatrophic diabetes--normal insulin binding with alterations in intracellular glucose metabolism and insulin action. AB - Insulin binding and the action of insulin on several aspects of glucose metabolism have been investigated in cultured fibroblasts derived from a patient with congenital lipoatrophic diabetes and compared to cultures from 9 nondiabetic controls. Incorporation of glucose was elevated in the patient's cells at glucose levels above 0.1 mM. When distribution of labelled glucose was examined, cell associated glycogen and acid soluble material were increased, but the greatest increment was in lactate production. Insulin binding, as indicated by maximum specific 125I-insulin binding and concentration of unlabelled insulin for 50% displacement, was normal, although insulin regulation of the insulin receptor was diminished. Insulin stimulation of total glucose incorporation was reduced in cells from the patient. When insulin stimulation of glycogen synthase was measured directly, the response to insulin was also attenuated. On the other hand, insulin stimulation of hexose transport appeared to be unimpaired. The data indicate alterations in both cell glucose metabolism and insulin response which may be related to the observed insulin resistance of this disorder. PMID- 6790905 TI - Glycine nitrogen metabolism in man. PMID- 6790906 TI - Plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis: fate of plasmid DNA. AB - Only multimeric, and not monomeric forms of B. subtilis plasmids can transform B. subtilis cells (Canosi et al. 1978). This finding prompted us to study the physico-chemical fate of plasmid DNA in transformation. Competent cells of B. subtilis were exposed to either unfractionated preparations or to preparations of multimeric plasmid DNA. Plasmid DNA was re-extracted from such cells and then analyzed by sedimentation and isopycnic centrifugation and also defined by its sensitivity to nuclease S1 degradation. No double-stranded plasmid DNA could be recovered from cells transformed with unfractionated plasmid preparations which contained predominantly monomeric covalently closed circular (CCC) DNA. Re extracted plasmid DNA was single-stranded, had a molecular weight considerably smaller than monomer length DNA and had been subject to degradation to acid soluble products. However, when transformations were performed with multimeric DNA (constructed by in vitro ligation of linearized pC194 DNA), both double stranded and partially double-stranded DNA could be recovered in addition to single-stranded DNA. We assume that plasmid DNA is converted to a single-stranded form in transformation, irrespective of its molecular structure. Double-stranded and partially double-stranded DNAs found in transformation with multimeric DNA would be the products of intramolecular annealing. PMID- 6790907 TI - Genetic and developmental studies of a new grandchildless mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A new grandchildless, maternal-effect temperature-sensitive mutant of Drosophila melanogaster, gs(2) M, was isolated in our laboratory. At 28.5 degrees C, homozygous gs(2) M/gs(2) M females lay a normal number of eggs, but about 20% of them fail to hatch and about 40% die just after hatching. The remaining embryos, which pass through this critical stage, complete their development normally, but some of them are devoid of pole cells and thus produce agametic adults. The death of embryos is maternally determined and the hatching probability of an embryo does not depend on its own genotype. The influence of several factors on the phenotypic expression of the new mutant, e.g., age of the females, temperature and number of generations under homozygous condition, is described. Mutants of the type represented here could be useful for further analysis of the establishment of the germ line in Drosophila. PMID- 6790908 TI - Promoter sites in the genome of B. subtilis phage SPP1. AB - Transcriptional complexes formed in vitro using DNA of B. subtilis phage SPP1 as template and E. coli and B. subtilis RNA polymerases were analyzed by electron microscopy. Both enzymes recognize the same five strong promoters in the early region of the genome. Strand selection at these sites was identical with both enzymes. These results correlate well with data obtained from in vivo transcription studies. Transcriptional activity in the late region of the genome was very low, not permitting the identification of promoter sites. PMID- 6790909 TI - Plasmid-mediated UV-protection in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Plasmid R46 was successfully transferred from Escherichia coli K=12 into myxococcus xanthus strain MD-1 but not into M. xanthus strain XK. Plasmid R68.45 was transferred from E. coli K-12 into both strains of M. xanthus. The effects of these plasmids on survival of M. xanthus after ultraviolet (UV)-244 nm irradiation, the ability of M. xanthus to reactivate irradiated myxophages, and weigle reactivation of UV-irradiated effect on UV survival of M. xanthus, but increased the host's ability to reactivation irradiated myxophages. Plasmid R68.45 protected M. xanthus strains MD-1 and XK against the lethal effects of UV irradiation and also increased the host's ability to reactivate irradiated myxophages. PMID- 6790910 TI - Transfection of protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis with phi 29 DNA. PMID- 6790911 TI - The action of the notch locus in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Effects of the notch8 deficiency on mitochondrial enzymes. AB - It is shown that the Notch8 deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster affects a number of enzyme activities localized in the mitochondria, such as NADH oxidase (activity of the complete respiratory chain), NADH dehydrogenase (the first step in the respiratory chain before transfer to ubiquinone), Succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The experiments reported here do not exclude the possibility of involvement of other genes in the deficiency. The effect of duplications of the Notch locus on NADH oxidase and NADH dehydrogenase suggest that the locus determines the enzyme activities. The dosage effects of the Notch locus on activity suggest that this locus contains the structural genes for these enzymes. PMID- 6790912 TI - Fate of plasmid DNA in transformation of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts. AB - Polyethylene glycol-treated protoplasts of B. subtilis can be transformed by plasmid DNA at very high frequencies (Chang and Cohen 1979). From analysis of plasmid mediated transformation of transformation-deficient mutants it appeared that mutants, reduced in the transformation by plasmid DNA in the competent state, were plasmid transformation-proficient when transformed as protoplasts. By means of CsCl-gradient centrifugation of re-extracted plasmid DNA it could be demonstrated that plasmid DNA enters the protoplasts in the double-stranded form. In addition, sucrose gradient centrifugation of the re-extracted plasmid DNA showed that the entered DNA is predominantly present as covalently closed circular DNA. The efficiency of plasmid transformation in protoplasts was found to be close to one (each plasmid molecule having entered into the protoplasts gives rise to a transformed cell). This is in good agreement with the observation that little, if any, damage is done to this DNA during or after entry into protoplasts. PMID- 6790913 TI - Integration and excision of a plasmid in Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have studied the behaviour in Bacillus subtilis of a plasmid (pPV21) carrying the thymidylate synthetase gene of phage phi3T (thyP3). The plasmid can transform efficiently the competent cells of all the strains tested. Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation is efficient only for recE, recD or recF mutants. When present in recombination proficient strains, the plasmid can be integrated into the chromosome, primarily at the thyA locus. This has been shown by genetic mapping and by blot-hybridization. A second less efficient site is at (or near to) the attachment site of phage phi3T. Excision of the plasmid restores the EcoRI restriction pattern of the parental DNA, although with the loss of the defective thyA endogenotic allele and the retention of the thyP exogenotic gene. PMID- 6790915 TI - Better quality medicine at lowered costs by a cost effective laboratory service system (CELSS). PMID- 6790914 TI - Heat activation of Bacillus spores by the use of microwave irradiation. AB - A study was conducted in which microwave irradiation and conventional waterbath treatment were compared as to their efficiency for heat-activating Bacillus spores. Spore suspensions were prepared from B. brevis, B. cereus, B. licheniformis, a lysogenic strain of B. megaterium (NRRL-B-3695), two strains of B. stearothermophilus, and B.Subtilis. Suspensions were either irradiated for 30 sec in a microwave oven, or conventionally heat-treated in the waterbath for 60 min at 60 degrees C, the serially diluted and plated onto nutrient agar. Colonies of each species from each treatment were isolated, and cultures were inoculated into several biochemical media. Spore suspensions heat-activated by microwave irradiation resulted in plate counts that were from 3% to 24% greater than from suspension heat-activated by conventional mean (60 degrees C for 60 min). There were no observed alterations in biochemical activities in any of the representative colonies from either of the two treatments. No induction of bacteriophage from lysogenic B. megaterium NRRL-B-3695 was observed in colonies from either of the two treatments. Microwave irradiation appears to be more efficient, less time-consuming, and at least as effective as heat activation by conventional waterbath treatment for Bacillus spores. PMID- 6790916 TI - Editorial: on whom and how shall we spend our dollars? PMID- 6790917 TI - Malignant mesothelioma in children: report of seven cases and review of the literature. AB - Seven children with malignant mesothelioma have been seen at Memorial Hospital since 1953. In six, the origin was at the pleura and in one at the peritoneum. None of the patients related a history of exposure to asbestos. Two patients lived more than five years. The other five patients died within two years of the diagnosis. Distant metastases were seen in four of the patients, including three who had metastases to brain. Surgery or radiotherapy were not effective in controlling the disease in most of the patients. One patient had a complete response to a combination of Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine and has remained free of disease for 5 1/2 years. The seven cases are reviewed, as are the other 42 cases of malignant mesothelioma in children reported in the literature. PMID- 6790918 TI - Nucleoside phosphorylase activity in normal and leukemic cells. AB - Nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) activity was assayed in normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, mature and immature thymocytes fractionated by peanut agglutinability, CLL lymphocytes, and ALL lymphoblasts to determine applicability as an enzymatic cell marker. Circulating lymphocytes had the highest activity, immature thymocytes the lowest, and mature thymocytes were intermediate in NP level. This suggests an increase in NP activity with T-cell maturation. CLL lymphocytes showed very low activity, confirming previous reports. However, the NP activity of the lymphoblasts of 40 patients with B, T, and non-B, non-T ALL was similar to that of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes and could not be used to discriminate between these subgroups of ALL. PMID- 6790920 TI - [Acute upper respiratory tract syndrome. Etiology and laboratory diagnosis]. PMID- 6790921 TI - Gonococcal eye infections in adults--California, Texas, Germany. PMID- 6790922 TI - Human rabies--Oklahoma. PMID- 6790919 TI - Vertical transmission of viruses. PMID- 6790923 TI - Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever--South Africa. PMID- 6790924 TI - Occupationally related neurologic abnormalities--Massachusetts. PMID- 6790927 TI - Outbreak of Vibrio cholerae non O-1 gastroenteritis--Italy. PMID- 6790925 TI - Lead toxicity secondary to gasoline sniffing among Navajos--Arizona. PMID- 6790926 TI - Salmonella dublin associated with raw milk--Washington state. PMID- 6790928 TI - Human salmonella isolates--United States, 1980. PMID- 6790929 TI - Measles--U.S. countries. PMID- 6790930 TI - Cholera--Texas. PMID- 6790932 TI - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis: guidelines for vaccine prophylaxis and other preventive measures. PMID- 6790931 TI - Multistate outbreak of salmonellosis caused by precooked roast beef. PMID- 6790933 TI - An Mr = 52,000 peptide can mediate effects on cholera toxin on adenylate cyclase in intact cells. PMID- 6790935 TI - A simple method for estimating the probable numbers of different antibodies by examining the repeat frequencies of sequences or isoelectric focusing patterns. PMID- 6790934 TI - Inhibition of serine metabolism by tetrahydrohomofolate in L1210 mouse leukemia cells. PMID- 6790936 TI - Biochemical properties of biologically active Fc gamma receptors of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6790937 TI - Molecular characterization of the complement activating protein in the venom of the Indian cobra (Naja N. siamensis). PMID- 6790938 TI - Purification of bovine conglutinin using pepsin digestion. PMID- 6790939 TI - Interspecies hybrid antibody with dual specificity. PMID- 6790940 TI - Structural characterization of the 'melanoma-specific' antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 691I5Nu-4-B. PMID- 6790941 TI - Reassessment of the heavy chain deletion in human immunoglobulin Sac in the light of current theories of immunoglobulin gene assembly. PMID- 6790942 TI - [Institutional-ambulatory group psychotherapy. A longterm treatment model]. PMID- 6790943 TI - [Osteoplastic pneumopathy (disseminated bone formation in the lung)]. AB - 8 cases of pneumophathia osteoplastica (ppo) of branching type observed at patients having no vascular deformities and one case of a focal ppo at a patient with mitral stenosis are reported. Pathogenesis of the ppo of branching type in the majority of cases could not be clarified since the process appeared to be in the phase of definitive bone formation. Nevertheless in one of the cases in a septum of Y shape in addition to collagen fibres ending in bone tissue numerous elastic fibres have also been revealed. This fact, considering the presence of a normal bronchus in the area seems to evidence vascular origin of the lesion. The latter hypothesis could be verified by the bone-formation in the media of a vessel wall in another case. Further, in a case of primary chronic polyarthritis with ppo, bone-formation could be seen in the perivascular lung tissue with necrotizing pulmonal arteritis. Considering this finding the possibility of the primary role of necrotizing pulmonal arthritis in the pathogenesis of ppo have to be taken into account. Ppo should be classified as one of the alveolocapillary block syndromes. In some cases it may have clinico-pathological significance. It may lead to bronchietasis, emphyseme or cor pulmonale chronicum. PMID- 6790944 TI - [Intracellular immunoglobulins in lymphogranulomatosis]. AB - Presence of heavy chains (Mu, Gamma, Alfa) of immunoglobulins in plasma cells, in plasma cell precursors and in atypical cells (Sternberg-Reed-, Hodgkin's cells and mirror image cells) was studied by immunoperoxidase technique. In 7 cases all types of the mentioned cells revealed a strongly positive IgG reaction. In 16 cases in atypical cells beside the moderately positive IgG reaction a mild reaction of IgA has also been seen. In these cases only a few plasma cell precursors (plasmoblasts,immunoblasts) have occurred. Considering the first group of patients it can be supposed that atypical cells develop from the plasma cell precursors. PMID- 6790947 TI - [Genetic prevention]. PMID- 6790945 TI - [Structural changes in xenografts used for heart valve replacement]. AB - Macroscopic, lights-and electron microscopic examination of 14 xenograft valve prostheses was carried out over a follow-up period of 1-49 months. 8 out of the 14 were acidic formaldehyde pretreated porcine aortic valves, 4 glutaraldehyde pretreated ones (Carpentier-Edwards) and 2 of them were glutaraldehyde calf's pericardium valves (Ionescu-Shiley). Formaldehyde pretreated grafts had to be surgically removed for valve failure. Glutaraldehyde grafts were obtained at autopsy. Until death, their function was excellent. The main pathological finding in both type of grafts was disintegration of collagen, which in glutaraldehyde grafts appeared to be of milder degree. In formaldehyde pretreated grafts cellular reaction indicating chronic rejection has also been observed. It is concluded that formaldehyde pretreated xenografts are not suitable for clinical use. On the other hand glutaraldehyde pretreated ones inspite of structural alterations may be functioning for years. PMID- 6790946 TI - [Metamizole: an unbearable risk?]. PMID- 6790948 TI - [Prevention of cheilognathopalatoschisis. Clinical Experience (author's transl)]. AB - Symptomatic prophylaxis for pregnant women in whose relatives facial clefts have appeared has been carried out since 1958. This report of over 20 years' experience shows the difference between data from clinical histories which give a heredity ratio of about 17% and the careful family investigation in families with cheilognathopalatoschisis. These family investigations show (and this is understandable) a considerably higher heredity ratio, because in certain respects they represent a negative selection. Thus we find in the F1-F4 generation of families subject to clefts, values of about 40 to 50%. In contrast there is a treatment group which has undergone symptomatic prophylaxis by administration of vitamins and an oxygen-activating medicament in which a significant lowering of the deformity rate is shown in "cleft-positive" mothers treated in early pregnancy. PMID- 6790949 TI - [Prevention of cleft palate in animal experiments. Clinical inferences (author's transl)]. AB - The almost 100% successes with drug prophylaxis of cheilognathopalatoschisis in humans described by some authors are dubious, not only because of the dose level, but particularly because of the fact that the data do not result from controlled studies. In order to clarify the efficacy of cleft prophylaxis, we undertook animal experiments. To produce clefts, NMRI mice were treated with dexamethasone on day 13 of pregnancy. Another group also received a deproteinized hemoderivative in addition from day 11 to day 18 and two other groups were used as controls. It was found on autopsy shortly before birth that the incidence of clefts was significantly lower in the animals treated with additional hemoderivative. PMID- 6790950 TI - [Etiology of Cheilognathopalatoschisis (author's transl)]. AB - Cheilognathopalatoschisis of the "common" type is a disturbance which goes beyond the actual region of the cleft and almost regularly involves the dental system as a whole, namely in the form of hypodontia. Whether the cleft and hypodontia anlage also affect the growth of both jaws in the sense of progenia is still not known. Equally, the question whether the pathogenetically different types of cheilognathopalatoschisis and isolated cleft palate can be separated etiologically from each other is not yet definitely clarified. PMID- 6790951 TI - [Enlarging the cleft lip-jaw-palate prevention for the prophylaxis also of other types of deformity]. PMID- 6790952 TI - [Amebic dysentery]. PMID- 6790953 TI - [Rheumatology forum. Part 1. Chronic polyarthritis: hereditary susceptibility?]. PMID- 6790954 TI - [Preventive medicine--a task in the field of tension between science and politics]. PMID- 6790955 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of genetic family counseling (author's transl)]. AB - Genetic family counseling has gained increasing importance in Germany in recent years, although the material and in particular the personnel requirements are lacking to a considerable extent. It requires careful training and a high sense of responsibility. Wrong advice is worse than none. Besides the "classical" genetic family counseling--before founding a family, after the birth of a sick child, disease in the family, childlessness (eg frequent abortions), elderly parents, particularly mothers, before entering marriage with a blood relation- the individual genetic prognosis and prophylaxis (genetic individual prognosis) should be included more extensively in the "genetic prevention"--which is more than "just" a family counseling. This is particularly true of many frequently polygenic multifactorially induced diseases in general and internal medicine. PMID- 6790956 TI - [The "thrombosis of the first day of vacation"]. PMID- 6790957 TI - [Functional and esthetic considerations in old age. Rhinoplasty as a preventive measure]. PMID- 6790958 TI - [Contrast medium-induced hemostasiologic and rheologic changes after catheter angiography]. PMID- 6790959 TI - [Crohn disease: extraintestinal manifestations]. PMID- 6790960 TI - [Rheumatology forum. Part 2. Early diagnosis of chronic polyarthritis mostly by exclusion]. PMID- 6790961 TI - [From phytotherapeuticum to phytopharmacon]. PMID- 6790962 TI - [Pruritus as a leading symptom in parasitoses]. PMID- 6790964 TI - [Pruritus in the region of the female genitalia]. PMID- 6790963 TI - [Pruritus in terminal renal insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6790965 TI - [Myasthenia gravis. Prototype of an anti-receptor autoaggression disease (author's transl)]. AB - Myasthenia gravis is a classic autoaggression disease in which autoantibodies against the acetylcholine receptors (AChR) of the neuromuscular end-plate have a decisive patho-genetic significance. With sensitive radioimmunoassays anti-AChR antibodies are demonstrable in over 90% of myasthenics and consequently are of great diagnostic significance. The treatment possibilities to date have distinctly improved the prognosis but are either symptomatic or unspecific. More recent knowledge on pathophysiology and pathogenesis and the strategies for development of a specific immunotherapy deducible from this are discussed. X PMID- 6790966 TI - [Postoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis with a reduced low dose heparin fraction and dihydroergotamine in fixed combination (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective randomized study th efficacy and tolerance of the conventional low dose heparin regimen was compared with a new combination of dihydroergotamine (DHE) and a reduced proportion of heparin (Heparin-Dihydergot 2500) with regard to postoperative thromboembolism prophylaxis in 350 general surgical patients. The result showed that the new combination had the same thrombotic protective action as low dose heparin monotherapy, but with regard to the concomitant risk of hemorrhage it seemed a significantly superior prophylactic variant. PMID- 6790967 TI - [Sudden death in pedunculated esophagus fibroma]. PMID- 6790968 TI - [Rheumatologic forum. Part 3. False interpretation in rheumatic serology]. PMID- 6790969 TI - [Genetic determination of alcoholism]. PMID- 6790970 TI - [Alcoholism in the elderly (author's transl)]. AB - Contrary to a widespread impression, dependence is not rare among the elderly. The numbers are clearly increasing. The results of therapy are more favorable than is usually assumed, especially when it is possible to form groups appropriate to the age which cope with the particular problems of this stage of life better than mixed age groups. Consideration must be given to the less verbalizing experience and lower physical fitness of older patients, they are then distinctly more cooperative and more easily adjusted to the therapeutic aim of future total abstinence than younger patients. PMID- 6790971 TI - [Pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Teratological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Accidental pharmacotherapy in unrecognized pregnancy gives occasion for human genetic counseling to an increasing extent. In this, it must be clarified to what stage of development a drug was administered, whether a teratogenic effect is to be assumed, how long the effect lasts and whether compensation is possible for the damage which has occurred. Furthermore, genetic and non-genetic induced differences in the uptake, metabolization and excretion of drugs and the extent of the genetically induced sensitivity in special areas of the organ anlage in the embryo must be taken into account in the counseling. PMID- 6790972 TI - [Encounter with Chinese psychiatry (I). Traditional medicine and psychiatry in China (author's transl)]. AB - The opening of the People's Republic of China after the cultural revolution also offers an opportunity for German neurologists to become acquainted with Chinese public health organization and the system of psychiatric care in the People's Republic of China. Today, Chinese medicine and psychiatry are faced with the problem of combining traditional diagnostic and therapeutic methods, particularly acupuncture and herbal medicine, with western scientific and psychotherapeutic principles and methods. The example of a Worker's Sanatorium stands for the multiplicity of traditional Chinese methods of treatment and also for psychosomatic disorders and diseases. PMID- 6790973 TI - [Encounter with Chinese psychiatry (II). Communal psychiatry in Shanghai (author's transl)]. AB - The development of communal psychiatry in the City of Shanghai is far advanced. Two large psychiatric hospitals with a total capacity of 2000 beds, 10 regional and 10 district hospitals with 10 - 100 beds assume the hospital care of the local communities, i. e., for each 100,000 inhabitants 50 psychiatric hospital beds are available at present. The network of psychiatric and psychosocial services extends from special hospitals and psychiatric departments through cooperation with psychiatrically trained and supervised doctors of all hospitals and the barefoot doctors, through the health officers in the street communities, in the sanitary stations in the large factories up to the management of the street committees. PMID- 6790974 TI - [Differential diagnosis - acute pancreatitis or acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6790975 TI - [Rheumatologic forum. Part 4. What does arthroscopy bring?]. PMID- 6790976 TI - Mutagenicity of hycanthone in Drosophila: additional results and a comparison with some analogs. AB - The data reported in this paper extend earlier results on the effects of hycanthone in Drosophila. The main findings are the following. (1) A refined brood-pattern analysis of hycanthone-induced sex-linked recessive lethals confirmed the specific sensitivity of mid- and late spermatids. Injection of young males 0--20 h old) did not cause a shift in the brood pattern, but tended to produce higher rates of recessive lethals than injection of 4-day-old males, although the difference was not significant. (2) An autosomal recessive lethal test (chromosome 2) similarly showed a low sensitivity of premeiotic stages. (3) Feeding of hycanthone was much less effective than injection. This difference was not observed for the methyl analog lucanthone. From the observation that hycanthone- and lucanthone-induced mutations exhibited different germ-cell-stage sensitivity patterns, it was concluded that lucanthone does not (at least not exclusively) act via metabolic activation to hycanthone. (4) After injection, the hycanthone analogs IA-3-N-oxide and IA-4-N-oxide were marginally mutagenic. (5) It was shown previously that hycanthone was ineffective in producing breakage events, in Drosophila. In this report, hycanthone is shown to be weakly active in inducing ring-X chromosome loss. This emphasizes the relative sensitivity of the ring-X-loss test, in comparison with the tests that detect translocations or dominant lethals. PMID- 6790977 TI - Correlation between the half-wave reduction potentials of nitroheterocycles and their mutagenicity in Chinese hamster V79 spheroids. AB - Toxicity and DNA damage by nitroheterocycles has previously been correlated with their redox potentials. Resistance to 6-thioguanine was measured using Chinese hamster V79 cells grown in suspension culture as three-dimensional cell clusters of "spheroids". Since diffusion gradients of oxygen and other nutrients are largely responsible for the growth properties of spheroids, cells grown as spheroids might better simulate cells exposed to mutagens in vivo. The log of the concentration inducing 10 mutants/plate or 1.6 X 10(5) clonogenic cells from spheroids (equivalent to about 300 rad), was correlated with the half-wave reduction potential of a series of nitroheterocycles. FANFT and 4NQO were more mutagenic than predicted on the basis of redox potential. PMID- 6790978 TI - Antimutagenic effect of selenium on acridine orange and 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene in the Ames Salmonella/microsomal system. AB - The antimutagenic effects of selenium as sodium selenite were investigated using the Ames Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test. The compounds examined were acridine orange and 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. Selenium (22 ppm) reduced the number of histidine revertants caused by 20 microgram acridine orange and 20 microgram 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene by 52 and 74%, respectively. Increasing the quantity of selenium added to the plates further suppressed the mutagenicity of the test compounds. The antimutagenic effects of selenium cannot be explained by lethality of Salmonella typhimurium. PMID- 6790979 TI - UV-induced mutation fixation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The influence was studied of a temporary specific inhibition of post-radiation macromolecular synthesis and of preliminary UV irradiation on the kinetics of accumulation of fixed mutations, that is mutations insensitive to MFD, in UV irradiated B. subtilis cells. From experimental results it is deduced that the entry of a pre-mutagenic lesion into a round of replication, initiated before irradiation, is not a fixing event in UV mutagenesis. For performance of fixation, the proceeding of replication, initiated after irradiation, and protein synthesis are necessary. In irradiated cells incubated in medium with lowered concentration of nitrogen sources, the antimutagenic activity of a uvr+-dependent repair system competes with the process of fixation for pre-mutagenic lesions and reduces the efficiency of mutagenesis. The most efficient fixation and mutagenesis occur at high concentrations of nitrogen sources in post-radiation medium, when the manifestation of antimutagenic activity appears to be blocked. The possible nature of a process leading to mutation fixation is discussed. PMID- 6790980 TI - Killing and mutagenic action of sunlight upon Bacillus subtilis spores: a dosimetric system. AB - A method to monitor killing and mutagenic activity of sunlight was established by using wild-type spores (UVR) of Bacillus subtilis and mutant spores (UVS) sensitive to UV radiation. Samples exposed to radiations consisted of the spores spotted and dried on membrane filter. After the exposure, they were recovered as suspensions in water and assayed for colony-forming survival and frequency of reversion of an auxotrophic marker (hisB101). In this system, the UVS spores were inactivated exponentially, and the 37% survival was attained with 2.0 Jm-2 of 254 nm or 2.5 X 10(3) Jm-2 of 313 nm radiation, and with 7 min (August) or 63 min (December) exposure to noon-time sunlight under a clear sky at Tsukiji (latitude 35 degrees 40' N) at sea level in Tokyo. The doubling of the spontaneous mutation frequency of the UVR spores was attained with 3.0 Jm-2 of 254 nm or 2.2 X 10(3) Jm-2 of 313 nm radiation, and with 32 min (August) or 136 min (December) of solar exposure. The results encourage the use of this B. subtilis spore system to determine the gene-damaging activity of the solar-UV radiation under a variety of environmental conditions. PMID- 6790981 TI - X-ray induced sex-chromosome loss, when ring-X chromosome males are irradiated and mated to females carrying mei-9, mei-41 or mei-218. AB - Radiation damage induced in the sperm nucleus is repaired after this nucleus has entered the oocyte. The yield of induced genetic damage is known to be dependent on maternal genotype and can also be modified by treatment of the females with metabolic inhibitors. The experiments reported here were designed to find out whether a more specific analysis of the interaction between male gamete and oocyte cytoplasm can be carried out using mutants that are known to affect repair processes. Males carrying ring-X chromosomes were exposed to X-ray doses up to 1000 R and mated to females homozygous for a repair-deficient mutant. The mutants used were mei-9a, mei-9L1, mei-41A10, and mei-41D5. In addition a yellow (y) X chromosome was used as a control and an attempt was made to obtain data using mei 21815, a mutant at a locus not thought to affect repair. With mei-9 mutants there is an enhancement of the spontaneous and induced rates of paternal sex-chromosome loss. The mei-41 mutants did not affect the rates of paternal sex-chromosome loss. Mei-218 females were difficult to work with because they gave very few progeny. From these data it can be argued that repair-deficient mutants will indeed be useful for an analysis of the fixation of radiation-induced genetic damage. PMID- 6790982 TI - The use of Drosophila melanogaster in tests for environmental mutagens. PMID- 6790984 TI - A comparison of two-component and quadratic models to assess survival of irradiated stage-7 oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6790983 TI - The genetic toxicology of hydroxylamines. PMID- 6790986 TI - Granulocyte transfusion: where now? PMID- 6790985 TI - A controlled trial of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during initial induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. AB - To evaluate the role of prophylactic granulocyte transfusions during remission induction chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) we randomized 102 infected patients either to receive daily granulocyte transfusions when blood granulocytes fell below 0.5 x 10(9) per liter (54 patients) or not to receive them (48). Although the percentage of patients acquiring any infection was similar in the transfusion and control groups (46 and 42 per cent, respectively), granulocyte transfusions decreased the proportion of patients with bacterial septicemia (9 per cent of those with transfusions vs. 27 per cent of the controls; P = 0.01). Granulocyte transfusions did not reduce the incidence of other infections or improve bone-marrow recovery, remission rate and duration, or survival. Seventy-two per cent of the patients given transfusions had transfusion reactions. Pulmonary infiltrates were more common in the transfusion group than in the control group (57 per cent vs. 27 per cent; P = 0.002). Thirty-five per cent of the patients with pulmonary filtrates died, as compared with 5 per cent of those without filtrates. We conclude that prophylactic granulocyte transfusions should not be used during remission-induction chemotherapy in AML because the risks outweigh the benefits. PMID- 6790987 TI - Treatment of the bleeding tendency in uremia with cryoprecipitate. PMID- 6790988 TI - Prognosis, survival, and the expenditure of hospital resources for patients in an intensive-care unit. AB - To define more precisely the factors determining the allocation of resources to critically ill patients, we asked physicians to estimate at the time of admission the short-term prognosis of patients who accounted for 1831 admissions to a medical intensive-care and coronary-care unit. We then examined the relations between this prognosis, the actual outcome, and the resource expenditure during a single hospitalization. We found that the care of nonsurvivors involved a significantly higher mean expenditure than did the care of survivors (P less than 0.01). Among nonsurvivors, expenditure positively correlated with the probability of survival estimated at the time of admission (P less than 0.001). Among survivors, expenditure negatively correlated with the probability of survival (P less than 0.001). Among both nonsurvivors and survivors, total expenditure and expenditure per day were greatest for patients whose outcome were most unexpected. We conclude that prognostic uncertainty is important in determining resource expenditures for the critically ill. This factor warrants greater consideration in future studies of expenditure for the care of catastrophically ill patients. PMID- 6790989 TI - Case 11-1981: transitional-cell carcinoma of renal pelvis. PMID- 6790990 TI - The effect of activated prothrombin-complex concentrate (FEIBA) on joint and muscle bleeding in patients with hemophilia A and antibodies to factor VIII. A double-blind clinical trial. AB - We designed a double-blind trial to study the effect of an "activated" prothrombin-complex concentrate (FEIBA) on joint and muscle bleeding in hemophiliacs with antibodies to factor VIII. Fifteen patients received either FEIBA or the control preparation (a nonactivated prothrombin-complex concentrate) for a total of 150 bleeding episodes (four mucocutaneous bleeding, 117 joint bleeding, and 29 muscle bleeding). In 64 per cent of the episodes, FEIBA was judged by the physician to be effective; the control preparation was perceived as effective in 52 per cent of the episodes in which it was used. Pairwise comparison of FEIBA and the control preparation for bleeding in the same joint or muscle showed a significantly better result with FEIBA (P = 0.0085). Joint mobility after the use of FEIBA was significantly improved (P = 0.006). There was a high incidence of hepatitis (three of the 15 patients) and of transient disturbances of liver function (nine of 15) during the 15-month observation period. PMID- 6790991 TI - Predisposition to phenytoin hepatotoxicity assessed in vitro. AB - Arene oxide metabolites of phenytoin may be involved in the pathogenesis of drug induced hepatotoxicity. We examined individual susceptibility to toxicity from such metabolites by exposing human lymphocytes to metabolites generated by a murine hepatic microsomal system. Cells from 17 controls showed no toxicity at concentrations of phenytoin from 31 to 125 microM. Cells from three patients with phenytoin hepatotoxicity manifested dose-dependent toxicity from the metabolites. Phenytoin alone was not toxic to cells. The patients' dose-response curves resembled the response of control cells in which epoxide hydrolase (a detoxification enzyme for arene oxides) was inhibited. Detoxification of non arene oxide metabolites (e.g., of acetaminophen) was normal in patients' cells. Cells from parents of two patients had intermediate responses. Cells from a sibling of one patient showed no toxicity; a sibling of another patient had a response similar to that of the patient. A heritable defect in response to arene oxides thus may predispose some patients to phenytoin hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6790992 TI - Hemophiliacs with inhibitors: therapeutic options. PMID- 6790993 TI - Nursing-home infections - the context. PMID- 6790994 TI - Galactosyltransferase II in detection of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6790995 TI - Monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6790997 TI - Demographic trends and drug abuse, 1980-1995. PMID- 6790996 TI - Toxicological study of fungi isolated from starches intended for human consumption. AB - A total of 310 fungal strains isolated from starches intended for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals were tested to determine their toxicity to Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larvae and Bacillus megaterium NRRL 1 366. Of them, 82 proved toxic for both biotests, 173 (82 + 91) toxic for at least one of the tests. The system based on the use of Brine shrimp larvae proved to be the more sensitive of the two assayed. Results are stated also for the different species of each genus. PMID- 6790998 TI - Narcotic antagonists: naltrexone pharmacochemistry and sustained-release preparations. PMID- 6791000 TI - Treatment of heroin-dependent persons with antagonists: current status. AB - Naltrexone is an important new pharmacologic adjunct to the treatment of heroin dependence. The development of naltrexone has been nurtured in the mature recognition that simple detoxification or simple opiate replacement therapy is not appropriate for every heroin addict. Our current data indicate that naltrexone is safe and effective. Its use may be limited to a minority of addicts, those who are highly motivated and opiate free, because patient compliance has been a major problem with which clinicians using naltrexone have had to contend. Patient compliance is a problem, because there are no immediate consequences to the patient for stopping his naltrexone regimen. Side effects from naltrexone have been minimal and have occurred in a minority of patients. They consist primarily of gastrointestinal symptoms, including nausea and occasionally abdominal pain. PMID- 6790999 TI - The metabolism of naltrexone in man. AB - The metabolism and elimination of [15,16-3H2] naltrexone hydrochloride was studied in man following oral and intravenous administration. The same metabolites, although in varying proportions, were observed in both cases; conjugated naltrexone and nonconjugated and conjugated 6 beta-naltrexol were the major metabolites observed in plasma, urine, and feces. 2-Hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol was found in minor quantities. Naltrexone was almost completely in minor quantities. Naltrexone was almost completely absorbed following in the urine and only 5% in the feces. A similar urinary excretion pattern was observed after intravenous administration of naltrexone. In early time periods after oral administration there was a rapid increase in free naltrexone plasma levels up to 1 hr and then gradually declined. A similar pattern was observed for conjugated naltrexone and nonconjugated and conjugated 6 beta-naltrexol. These metabolites were found at levels 4-6 times higher than the parent compound at all times sampled. After intravenous administration, nonconjugated naltrexone plasma levels dropped sharply and continuously. The major metabolites exhibited a pattern closely resembling that found for oral administration. Combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to validate the presence of naltrexone, 6 beta-naltrexol and 2-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol in urine. The structure of the latter was rigorously proven by 13C-NMR. No evidence for the presence of noroxymorphone or 3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol could be obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The metabolism of naltrexone administered subcutaneously was also determined in two subjects. Larger amounts of 2-hydroxy-3 O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol were found in plasma than had been present after oral or intravenous administration. PMID- 6791001 TI - The clinical pharmacology of naltrexone: pharmacology and pharmacodynamics. AB - The time-action of opiate antagonist activity of naltrexone was evaluated in detoxified ex-opiate addicts, using 25 mg intravenous heroin challenges. A 100 mg naltrexone dose provided 96% blockade at 24 hr, 86.5% blockade at 48 hr and 46.6% blockade at 72 hr. Following oral administration, naltrexone was rapidly and completely absorbed. Peak levels of naltrexone and its major metabolite 6 beta naltrexol were reached 1 hr after the dose. The high 6 beta-naltrexol plasma concentrations only 1 hr after drug administration indicate a rapid biotransformation process, converting a large fraction of the dose to less active metabolites. Over 70% of the dose was excreted in the 24 hr urine and less than 0.5% in the feces. No change was observed in the rate of naltrexone disposition during chronic dosing vs. the acute study, indicating no metabolic induction. The rapid achievement of steady state naltrexone plasma levels eliminates the need of stepwise induction at the beginning of naltrexone treatment. PMID- 6791002 TI - Overview of human pharmacokinetics of naltrexone. AB - Experimental data on 3H labelled naltrexone obtained from the Research Triangle Institute were analyzed. Both plasma and urine curves were resolved into their exponential components. Mean total clearance of unconjugated naltrexone was 3510 (300) ml/min, and its mean urinary clearance was 76.0 (6.8) ml/min. Fraction of dose excreted through urine was between 55 and 60%. Orally administered drug is completely absorbed into plasma. Plasma curve resulting from intravenous administration contained three exponentials: 1.9 (.5)/min, 0.18 (.07)/min and 0.00106 (.00008)/min. Distribution volumes were 7.6 (.7) liters, 60 (12) liters and 164 (16) liters. After oral administration there were two exponentials: 0.012 (.002/min and 0.00122 (.00009)/min. The faster exponential corresponds to gastrointestinal absorption with a half life of about 1 hour. PMID- 6791003 TI - Pharmacokinetic quantitation of naltrexone release from several sustained-release delivery systems. AB - A method designed to quantitate in vivo naltrexone release rates from sustained release systems has been applied to the evaluation of seven different naltrexone delivery systems in the monkey. The method consists of two phases: a single intravenous bolus dose quantitation of each monkey's pharmacokinetic parameters coupled with a delivery system study in which plasma naltrexone levels are measured throughout the time period of sustained-release. In vivo release rates and the total amount released are then calculated. It should be noted that these determinations require the analysis of unchanged naltrexone in plasma as the only experimental measurement. Data from injectable naltrexone pamoate microcapsule delivery systems indicate that 1) when these microcapsules are suspended in an aqueous vehicle, a significant part of the dose is released very rapidly, yielding release rate-time data that parallel a non-sustained-release control; 2) this rapid release for the aqueous vehicle is followed by a slow release phase lasting to about 24 days for the subcutaneous route and to about 45 days for the intramuscular route; and 3) when these microcapsules are suspended in an oily vehicle there is no initial rapid release, substantial release rates are obtained for at least 60 days, and an average of 89% of the dose is calculated to have been released. Data from implantable naltrexone delivery systems show that 1) the Alza system most closely approximates a zero-order release rate-time profile; 2) the Battelle system provides a rapid initial release followed by a slowly declining release rate; 3) the Dynatech system is characterized by a more rapid initial release rate of 3-8% of the dose per day over the first 3-5 days followed by a rather constant 1-3% per day to about day 36; and 4) essentially complete recovery of the dose was obtained for the Battelle and Dynatech systems. PMID- 6791004 TI - A review of parenteral sustained-release naltrexone systems. AB - The ideal naltrexone sustained-release delivery system should be easy to inject or implant, not cause adverse tissue reaction, release the drug at a relatively constant rate for at least 30 days, and biodegrade within a short time afterwards. Mechanisms which can be used for sustaining drug release include reducing solubility and surface area, coating, encapsulation and microencapsulation, complexation, binding and hydrophilic gelation. Drug release from such systems is controlled by diffusion through a barrier/film, diffusion from a monolithic device, erosion of the surface, hydrolysis, ion exchange, biodegradation, or a combination of these. Injectable systems would seem to be ultimately preferred because of the ease of administration and handling, while the implantable devices may find first use in man since they are easily removable, should that be necessary. Maintaining particulate-free products and sterilization methods are two problems with all parenteral dosage forms. Production must be particularly well controlled and validated. PMID- 6791005 TI - Development of drug delivery systems for use in treatment of narcotic addiction. AB - The long term goal of the NIDA narcotic antagonist program of developing an implantable, biodegradable, naltrexone/PLGA matrix system which will sustain the delivery of naltrexone to biological systems for one month has been achieved. The dosage forms which provide the desired delivery characteristics are 1.5 mm diameter beads composed of 70% by weight naltrexone base in 40,000 molecular weight, 90L/10G poly (L(+)-lactic-co-glycolic acid). Other dosage forms, including 1.5 mm diameter rods which provide 6 months' naltrexone release, finely divided injectable powders which provide up to 30 days' naltrexone release, and 1.5 mm diameter rods which provide 2 weeks' sustained delivery of morphine, have also been investigated. In vitro and in vivo release rates have been determined by measuring chemical concentrations in pH 7 buffer solution and urine, respectively. In vivo efficacy of naltrexone sustained delivery devices has been measured by direct challenge with morphine (Dewey-Harris mouse tail-flick test) and inhibition of morphine self-administration in monkeys. Good Manufacturing Practices documentation has been developed and used to produce a large batch of the 1.5 mm diameter naltrexone bead dosage forms at an FDA-registered pharmaceutical manufacturer. These beads, produced at the University of North Carolina School of Pharmacy, are awaiting use in human clinical trials. PMID- 6791006 TI - Use of synthetic polypeptides in the preparation of biodegradable delivery systems for narcotic antagonists. AB - The goal of this program was the development of biocompatible sustained-release systems that would release naltrexone at a rate of 20 to 25 microgram/hr for 30 days, and that would biodegrade within 90 days. The focus was on the use of macrocapsules prepared from synthetic polypeptides, specifically copolymers of glutamic acid and ethyl glutamate (i.e., Glu/EGlu copolymers). Tubular capsules prepared from 18/82 Glu/EGlu were the most promising systems developed. Capsules 1 cm in length, 0.19 cm in outside diameter, and 0.005 cm in wall thickness released naltrexone in mice at rates in the range of 20 to 40 microgram/hr for 18 days. The rates then decreased during the next 12 days as the capsules became exhausted of drug. These capsules were biocompatible and they appeared to biodegrade within 90 days. In general, the Glu/EGlu copolymers exhibit permeation and degradation rates that increase as the glutamic acid content is increased. Radiotracing studies revealed that the ultimate degradation product was carbon dioxide, which appeared in the expired air. This result is consistent with a polypeptide degradation process that involves hydrolysis of the ethyl esters followed by hydrolysis of the peptide bonds to produce glutamic acid, which enters the metabolic pool. PMID- 6791007 TI - Biodegradable drug delivery systems based on aliphatic polyesters: application to contraceptives and narcotic antagonists. AB - The classes of polymer which form the basis of different types of drug delivery systems are discussed, and the relationships between the chemical structure of the polymer and its permeability, morphology, biodegradability, and mechanical properties are considered, using polyesters as specific examples. Studies of the permeability and biodegradability of poly epsilon-caprolactone), poly(DL-lactic acid), and various copolymers are described and used to illustrate how these properties may be varied by the choice of polymer structure. An induction period prior to bioerosion of these polymers, coupled with high permeability, permits their use as reservoir devices (capsules) which exhibit constant, diffusion controlled drug release rates and which erode after the drug is exhausted. The applications of this approach to the long term delivery (1 year) of levonorgestrel, a contraceptive agent, and the short term delivery (1-2 months) of naltrexone, a narcotic antagonist, are described. PMID- 6791008 TI - An electron-capture gas chromatographic assay for naltrexone in biological fluids. AB - The electron-capture gas chromatography assay for naltrexone is an adaptation of the method published originally by Sams and Malspeis (1). The current methodology, described in detail, consists of an extraction procedure, derivatization to form an electron-capturing triester, and gas chromatography using an OV-17 column. Extraction efficiencies indicate that either benzene or 0.25% butanol in cyclohexane used as the organic phase yields maximal extraction of naltrexone and minimal extraction of most naltrexone metabolites. Methylene chloride, on the other hand, yields an optimal combination of clean chromatograms and high extraction efficiencies for both naltrexone and its metabolites. Derivatization with either heptafluorobutyric anhydride or pentafluoropropionic anhydride together with a basic catalyst yields a triester derivative. Use of an OV-17 chromatographic column with electron-capture detection permits assay of naltrexone specifically with respect to known metabolites. One minor metabolite, 2-hydroxy-3-O-methyl-beta-naltrexol could interfere with naltrexone quantitation if present in sufficient quantities. This interference could readily be detected if it were to occur. Data on the reproducibility of this assay procedure indicate that it is sensitive to a concentration of 0.25 ng/ml plasma. PMID- 6791009 TI - An improved long-acting delivery system for narcotic antagonists. AB - The feasibility of using cholesterol-glyceryltristearate matrix for prolonged release of naltrexone was evaluated in rats. Implantable cylindrical pellets (cholesterol 105 mg, glyceryl tristearate 15 mg and naltrexone 30 mg), diameter 4.5 mm, length 9 mm, blocked the antinociceptive action (hot plate 55 degrees C) of 10 mg/kg s.c. challenge dose of morphine in rats for 3 months. The release rate of naltrexone from 10 or 50 mg pellets approximated first-order kinetics with t1/2 alpha of 20-26 days and t1/2 beta 40-60 days. The factors affecting the release of drug from the delivery system were the ratio of cholesterol to naltrexone, drug loading level and surface area to unit volume of dosage form. The minimum release rate of naltrexone to block the effect of 10 mg/kg s.c. dose of morphine in rats was about 4 to 5 microgram/kg/hr. The cumulative urinary excretion of radioactivity from 10 mg [3H] naltrexone pellets implanted s.c. in rats after 30, 60, and 90 days was 17.7, 23.7, and 25.7% of dose respectively and the percent dose released from pellets at these times was 55.8, 68.8, and 78.2 respectively. The devices possess the desirable characteristics of simplicity, nontoxicity, nonirritability, ease of sterilization with ethylene oxide, small size for easy insertion and removal, absence of encapsulation by surrounding tissue, and an extended period of drug release unaffected by body metabolism. Neither deterioration of implant nor gross anatomic or histological changes at the site of implant occurred 6 months to 1 year after implantation and aside from some enhanced sexual activity (e.g., spontaneous penile erections) no side effects were observed in rats, which fed well and gained weight during the entire treatment. The concentrations of free morphine in brains of 30 mg naltrexone pellet-implanted rats were significantly lower (24 and 15%) as compared to the placebo controls 0.5 and 1.0 hr after a 10 mg/kg s.c. dose of [6-3H] morphine. We are currently evaluating these long-acting devices for the duration of effective antagonism to morphine in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6791010 TI - Solid solutions as long-acting naltrexone delivery systems. AB - Solid solutions and solid dispersions have been used both to increase and to decrease solubility. Solid solutions may extend the release of naltrexone depending upon composition and production methods. Several combinations of naltrexone and cholesterol esters were prepared and evaluated. These combinations did prolong release of the drug in some cases, but none acceptably long enough. Preparation of these solutions and dispersions involved compression and heat as well as solvent mixing. Drug release from particles is dependent upon surface area, composition, and method of preparation. Suspendable, injectable particles can be produced which will give acceptable release rates. The preparation and evaluation are complex and will require much more research effort. PMID- 6791012 TI - Quantitative determination of naltrexone, 6 beta-naltrexol and 2-hydroxy-3 methoxy-6 beta-naltrexol (HMN) in human plasma, red blood cells, saliva and urine by gas liquid chromatography. AB - Two gas liquid chromatographic methods differing mainly in sensitivity are described for the quantitative determination of naltrexone (NT) and its metabolites in human biofluids. Flame ionization detection of the N,O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) derivatives provided sufficient separation and sensitivity for quantitative of the bases in urine. However, the thousand times lower levels in serum, red blood cells (RBC) and saliva necessitated the use of more sensitive electron capture detection methods of the pentafluoro derivatives of NT and its metabolites. The 2-hydroxy-3-methoxy-6 beta naltrexol (HMN) and 6 beta-naltrexol (beta-OL) pentafluoro derivatives had nearly identical gas liquid chromatographic retention times in a number of stationary liquid phases. Thus, their separation had to be achieved prior to chromatography. Differential extraction was based on the different partition characteristics of HMN and 6 beta-naltrexol between aqueous and organic solvents. Applicability of the methods was tested using the biofluids of four subjects taking 2 x 200 mg naltrexone per day chronically. Blood, saliva and urine samples were collected at the same time (prior to drug administration), which was 16 and 24 hours after the doses. In the plasma the relative percentages of the bases were 73.5 beta-OL; 23.1 HMN and 3.4 NT. The same in the urine were 76.6 beta-OL, 14.4 HMN and 9.0 NT. The lipophilic nature of HMN and the hydrophilic property of beta-OL may have influenced their distribution into RBC and saliva. In the RBC 96.1% HMN and only trace amounts of beta-OL distributed and in saliva 92.3% of beta-OL and no HMN was found; the difference in both cases was made up by naltrexone to 100%. PMID- 6791011 TI - Historical perspective on the chemistry and development of naltrexone. AB - The first clinically useful narcotic antagonist was nalorphine. This compound was relatively weak, short-acting, and produced a number of side effects, the most prominent of which were psychotomimetic in nature. For these reasons nalorphine did not qualify as a possible modality for the treatment of heroin addiction. Cyclazocine is a totally synthetic narcotic antagonist which is much more potent and longer acting than nalorphine. It was the first compound used by Martin in clinical trials in postaddicts. However, its dysphoric effects necessitated long induction periods and these CNS effects precluded its use in long-acting delivery systems. Naloxone was a "pure" antagonist which did not produce the psychotomimetic effects of either nalorphine or cyclazocine. Although it is a potent antagonist when given parenterally, it is shorter acting than cyclazocine. Replacement of the N-allyl substituent of naloxone with the cyclopropylmethyl radical of cyclazocine led to naltrexone, which is even more potent than either naloxone or cyclazocine and has a longer duration than naloxone. Because of this favorable combination of properties naltrexone proved to be the drug of choice for inclusion in long-acting delivery systems. PMID- 6791013 TI - Analytical methods for quantitative and qualitative analysis of naltrexone and metabolites in biological fluids. AB - Analytical procedures for the determination of naltrexone and metabolites have been presented. The basic procedure involves the use of radiolabeled drugs and thin layer chromatography. Naltrexone, 6 beta-naltrexol and 2-hydroxy-3-O-methyl 6 beta-naltrexol were found by both the TLC procedure and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The presence of 3-O-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol was indicated by the TLC method, but this metabolite could not be found by mass spectrometry. PMID- 6791014 TI - Background on animal testing in the drug delivery systems program. AB - In the screening and selection of candidate long-acting narcotic antagonist preparations, careful consideration must be given to the choice of animal evaluation models. A simple, rapid method, using analgesia suppression in the mouse tail-flick test, was chosen for preliminary screening. Suitable candidates were then evaluated by following urinary excretion rates and blood levels in the monkey. Afterwards, the most promising preparations were rigorously tested in their ability to interfere with morphine self-administration in monkeys. Final evaluation involved toxicological studies in injection sites and on the whole animal. PMID- 6791015 TI - Pharmacological evaluation of narcotic antagonist delivery systems in rhesus monkeys. AB - Rhesus monkeys were chronically restrained, intravenously catheterized, and allowed to self-administer morphine, methamphetamine, and saline. Various sustained-release systems containing naltrexone were then implanted in the animals and examined for selective morphine blockade. Similarly, continuous intravenous infusions of naltrexone, buprenorphine, and methadone were tested against morphine or heroin self-administration. PMID- 6791016 TI - A comparative study of the oral, intravenous, and subcutaneous administration of 3H-naltrexone to normal male volunteers. AB - 3H-naltrexone was administered orally, intravenously, and subcutaneously to groups of normal, male, paid volunteers. The doses given were: 50 mg orally (specific activity 4 microCi/mg), 1 mg intravenously (specific activity 200 microCi/mg), and 5 mg subcutaneously (specific activity 30 microCi/mg). At these doses, the subjects did not experience any noticeable effects. Following intravenous injection, plasma levels of radioactivity were immediately high and declined rapidly during the first 30 minutes and declined gradually thereafter. Following oral or subcutaneous administration, maximal plasma levels were observed to occur one hour after dosing, and reached similar levels to those obtained when the drug was intravenously injected. This finding indicates the excellent bioavailability of naltrexone following oral or subcutaneous administration 3H-naltrexone and/or its metabolites were predominately excreted in the urine, and the renal excretion was similar for all three routes of administration. Fecal excretion is a minor pathway of elimination. The urinary and fecal excretion of 3H-naltrexone was studied in one subject for 133 hours after drug ingestion, and it was found that essentially all of the dose administered was excreted in this period. PMID- 6791017 TI - A perspective on chronic pain: treatment and research. PMID- 6791018 TI - New approaches to treatment of chronic pain: a review of multidisciplinary pain clinics and pain centers. PMID- 6791019 TI - Comparative aspects of chronic pain in the head and neck versus trunk and appendages: experiences of the Multidisciplinary University of North Carolina Pain Clinic. AB - The interdisciplinary University of North Carolina Pain Clinic, in existence since 1973, is a coordination center for research, pre and postdoctoral and resident training, and clinical services. It functions primarily as a tertiary care center for outpatients as a component of the North Carolina Memorial Hospital. Inpatient consultations and therapy direction are carried out on request. Approximately 400 new patient visits and 1,200 consults and return visits are made yearly. The clinic is administered by codirectors from the Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Anesthesiology. Consultants to the clinic include the disciplines of psychiatry, neurosurgery, family medicine, pathology-oral pathology, dentistry, physical therapy, social work and nursing. Support staff includes a head nurse, half-time transcription and half-time general secretary and a financial technician. Facilities consist of an 8-room clinic dual equipped for patient care and clinical research. An adjacent conference room is used for research and patient presentation conferences. In addition to routine examining and interview rooms, a minor procedure operating room is equipped with resuscitation equipment, suction, oxygen, anesthesia machine, a physiologic monitoring system with polygraph, a cryosurgical unit and a radiofrequency lesion generator. A second room is equipped for neurosensory studies of peripheral nerve functions including a battery of tactile-mechanical and thermal threshold stimuli tests, as well as nerve conduction and EMG. A system for psychophysical testing is available through tie-in with a computer, which is located in an adjacent laboratory used for data analysis and also subhuman primate experiments. Another room is equipped with psychophysiologic training equipment, particularly EMG biofeedback. A computer terminal on line to the University IBM 360 is located in the Pain Clinic for use in entering patient research data. A library with dictating space is available for use by consultants, postdoctoral trainees, and residents. PMID- 6791020 TI - Treatment of chronic pain: the Center for Pain Studies, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. AB - The Center for Pain Studies of the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago (formerly known as the Low Back and Pain Clinic) has developed a multidisciplinary program for the management of chronic pain. Typically patients present a variety of chronic pain syndromes, most frequently low back pain, which have not responded to previous treatment including surgery, physical therapy, medication, vogue therapies, and other pain management programs. Patient capability to engage in normal daily activities such as standing, walking, sitting, lifting, etc. is often limited; most are unable to work or carry on pre-injury activities. Psychological ramifications of chronic pain appear frequently as a retreat from responsibility by the patient for his own welfare, manifested by distinct behaviour patterns (measurable on the MMPI); however, the ability of the patient to cope with chronic pain is largely a function of his ability to cope with other stresses prior to onset of pain. The patient's physical and psychological status alters his relationships with spouse and children, straining family well-being. Economic factors often occasion additional alteration in personal and family relations. Frequently a spouse not employed outside the home goes to work. Compensation programs and aid from public agencies may provide insufficient support or, conversely, compensation practices may establish perverse incentives toward recovery by providing the patient with net income equal to or greater than normally received. PMID- 6791021 TI - Profiles of pain patients, including chronic pelvic pain: University of Washington Clinical Pain Service. PMID- 6791022 TI - A headache clinic's experience: Diamond Headache Clinic, Ltd. PMID- 6791023 TI - Chronic pain syndrome four aspects of the problem: New Hope Pain Center and Pain Research Foundation. PMID- 6791024 TI - Current issues in the management of cancer pain: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. AB - Recent attention to the management of cancer pain in the mass media (TV, books, newspapers) and the medical press provides ample evidence to suggest that many cancer patients are not receiving appropriate therapy for their pain. Since cancer therapy is often not curative, only palliative, specific attention to the management of pain in such patients is essential. However, the management of cancer pain requires a specific approach and expertise. Narcotic analgesics are the mainstay of therapy in the management of such patients, yet physicians lack sufficient knowledge of narcotic pharmacology to use these drugs appropriately. Recent controversy has arisen in 3 specific aspects of narcotic drug therapy: 1) the choice of a narcotic drug and its method of administration; 2) the development of tolerance, and 3) the risk of substance abuse, drug dependence, and addiction. PMID- 6791025 TI - A holistic approach to pain rehabilitation: the Boston Pain Unit. AB - The traditional management of chronic pain has generally encompassed such options as bed rest, physical therapy, potent medication, surgery and nerve blocks. Experience has demonstrated the importance of the multi-disciplinary team in the approach to chronic pain, particularly when the pain problem has eluded diagnosis and/or adequate treatment via conventional techniques. In an attempt to widen the patient's choice of treatment modalities, the pain unit has emerged as a concept effective for the management of chronic pain. Frequently, chronic pain patients represent the treatment failures of the medical system. By the time of admission to a pain unit, their lives have become significantly disrupted and their pain problem complicated by depression, disability, financial stress, vocational difficulties, strains in interpersonal relationships, and a great loss of productivity. PMID- 6791026 TI - Multidisciplinary treatment of chronic pain at the Northwest Pain Center. AB - The Northwest Pain Center is a three-week multidisciplinary day care pain management program which has been operating since 1972. Experience shows that pain problems result in excessive use of medical resources, inappropriate medication use, and possibly unnecessary surgeries. Significant depression and family disruption are common. In spite of powerful incentives that maintain pain behavior, most important being the compensation and disability systems, more than 70 percent of patients maintain objective physical gains resulting from pain center treatment. Studies attempting to differentiate long-term successes from long-term failures provide implications for treatment and evaluation strategies. Areas of need are identified in public and professional education, and necessary future research. PMID- 6791027 TI - A comprehensive model for the study and therapy of pain: Johns Hopkins Pain Research and Treatment Program. AB - The Johns Hopkins Pain Research and Treatment Program is based upon individual diagnosis, psychiatric evaluation, and individualized therapy. This is done within the framework of a concurrent program involving neurosurgeons, consulting physicians, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, social workers and specialized nurses. The basic theme is self-help and self-responsibility. Drug withdrawal is mandatory, and an emphasis is placed upon psychotherapeutic techniques. Pain relieving procedures are available and utilized in a small number of patients. PMID- 6791028 TI - Chronic pain as a learned experience: Emory University Pain Control Center. AB - Chronic pain is often a conditioned socioeconomic disease. A majority of chronic pain patients show pain behavior in excess of biomedical findings and disability ratings out of proportion to their actual physical impairment. Biomedical data and pain behavior are independent variables, as the latter is heavily controlled by socioeconomic factors. The diagnosis of chronic pain patients requires evaluation and matching of both variables. When disability claims are present, a comprehensive vocational evaluation should be performed and matched with biomedical and behavioral findings. The Emory Pain Estimate Model for diagnosis of chronic pain states is discussed briefly and techniques of vocational evaluation are presented also. The structure of the Emory Pain Control Program and data from treatment outcome are presented and discussed. PMID- 6791029 TI - Coordinated out-patient management of chronic pain at the University of Virginia Pain Clinic. AB - The Pain Clinic at the University of Virginia Medical Center is a comprehensive facility providing a coordinated team approach to the management of chronic pain syndromes. The Clinic is primarily an out-patient facility, although in-patient therapy in clinic-assigned beds is available for special problems. Approximately 1,500 new patients are seen annually in the Clinic's own facilities, resulting in approximately 3,500 patient visits. All diagnostic facilities are readily available, and all somatic modulation and psychotherapeutic techniques are utilized for pain management. Referrals are accepted only from physicians and then only after all medical records, the Clinic's Patient Assignment Inventory Narrative (a screening brochure), and special studies are reviewed. The initial evaluation includes, as well, history taking, physical examination, psychological testing and interview, special studies, specialty consultations, and family interview. A therapeutic plan is then developed and discussed with the patient and family members. The Clinic's philosophy is to encourage the patient to assume responsibility for all aspects of the treatment program including drug detoxification, activity and exercise programs, and functional performance. PMID- 6791031 TI - Switch region of immunoglobulin Cmu gene is composed of simple tandem repetitive sequences. PMID- 6791030 TI - Neuronal precursor cells in the chick neural tube express neurofilament proteins. PMID- 6791032 TI - Mouse skin cells resistant to terminal differentiation associated with initiation of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6791033 TI - Thermoproteales--a third order of thermoacidophilic archaebacteria. PMID- 6791034 TI - Clinical, hematological and pathological responses in severely heat-stressed steers with special reference to the threshold value for survival. AB - To find out a critical point of physiological responses of steers which would finally lead to death due to heat stress, four Holstein steers weighing about 300 kg were housed in an artificial climatic room and exposed to each of the following room temperature and relative humidity: 35 degrees C and 70 per cent, 36 degrees C and 80 per cent, 38 degrees C and 70 per cent, and 42 degrees C and 60 per cent. Sequential clinical and hematological examinations were carried out during thermal loads on the steers, and pathological examinations after their death or slaughter. All the steers manifested panting, rise of rectal temperature, reduction or disappearance of peristalsis, hypersalivation, dysfunction of the skin reflex, and remarkable decrease in white blood cell count and pressure of CO2 (Pco2) value of jugular blood. At the end of heat stress, an animal would be survived if it meet the following conditions: (1) rectal temperature was below 42.7 degrees C, (2) the respiration rate did not decrease to one half (about 100/minute) of the maximum rate during the exposure period, (3) peristalsis and skin reflex disappeared almost completely, (4) the white blood cell count did not decrease to less than 50 per cent of the normal level, and (5) the Pco2 value of venous blood was maintained at a level of more than 15 mmHg. Cloudy discoloration with a boiled-meat appearance was noticed in the skeletal muscle of the hind part of the body in two dead cases. No significant changes were detected in any other steer slaughtered several days after release from the thermal stress. PMID- 6791035 TI - Endogenous dopa in rat brain. Occurrence, distribution and relationship to changes i catecholamine synthesis. AB - Dopa was isolated from rat brain by cation exchange chromatography and determined by a radioenzymatic method using catechol-O-methyl-transferase and [3H]-S adenosyl-methionine as cofactor. The product [3H]-methoxytyrosine was purified by cation and anion exchange chromatography. For identification of presumed endogenous dopa isolated from rat brain and rat blood plasma the [3H]-labelled product was purified further by thin-layer chromatography. In the brain of rats killed by decapitation, dopa in a concentration of 7 ng/g was identified. When unstressed rats were killed by focussed microwave irradiation at 2.450 MHz and 8 kW for 1.3 s dopa levels as high as 20 ng/g were measured. The regional distribution of dopa in brain or rats killed by microwaves was similar to the distribution of catecholamines, dopa levels being highest in c. striatum and lowest in cerebellum. Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine methylester HCl, 250 mg/kg i.p. 90 min before death did not change the brain dopa levels in rats killed by decapitation or in rats killed by microwaves. Compounds, such as haloperidol, chlorpromazine, apomorphine and pentobarbital which are known to increase or decrease catecholamine synthesis did not change the basal level of dopa. The data indicate that in rat brain, the main portion of dopa is associated with catecholamine-containing nerve terminals and that this portion is present in a pool which is only slowly metabolized. A second very small pool of dopa must exist, which is serving as precursor pool for catecholamines and which is turned over at a higher rate. It can be concluded that the basal dopa level cannot be used as an indicator of catecholamine synthesis. PMID- 6791036 TI - [Pharmacologic modification of effort dyspnea in children with CARA]. PMID- 6791037 TI - [Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis]. PMID- 6791038 TI - [Sudden, unexpected death of a child with epilepsy. Case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791039 TI - Renal metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. AB - The renal cortex, outer medulla and inner medulla exhibit different profiles of drug metabolism. Mixed-function oxidase activity was present in cortex but not inner medulla. Cooxidation by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase was detected in inner medulla but not cortex. Both mixed-function oxidase and cooxidation were demonstrable in outer medulla. Urinary bladder carcinogens such as FANFT and benzidine and the renal carcinogen diethylstilbestrol were cooxidized by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. Cooxidation could be a mechanism of activation of urinary bladder carcinogens and of nephrotoxic agents. PMID- 6791040 TI - Serum potassium concentration in acidemic states. AB - It has been generally accepted that acidosis results in hyperkalemia because of shifts of potassium from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment. There is ample clinical and experimental evidence, however, to support the conclusion that uncomplicated organic acidemias do not produce hyperkalemia. In acidosis associated with mineral acids (respiratory acidosis, end-stage uremic acidosis, NH4Cl-or CaCl2-induced acidosis), acidemia per se, results in predictable increases in serum potassium concentration. In acidosis associated with nonmineral organic acids (diabetic and alcoholic acidosis, lactic acidosis, methanol and the less common forms of organic acidemias secondary to methylmalonic and isovaleric acids, and ethylene glycol, paraldehyde and salicylate intoxications), serum potassium concentration usually remains within the normal range in uncomplicated cases. A number of factors, however, may be responsible for hyperkalemia in some of these patients other than the acidemia per se. These include dehydration and renal hypoperfusion, preexisting renal disease, hypercatabolism, diabetes mellitus, hypoaldosteronism, the status of potassium balance, and therapy. The mechanism(s) of this differing effect of mineral and organic acidemias on transmembrane movement of potassium remains undefined. The prevalent hypothesis, however, favors the free penetrance of the organic anion into cells without creating a gradient for the hydrogen ions and, thus, obviating the efflux of intracellular potassium. The importance of the presence of hyperkalemia in clinical states of organic acidemias is obvious. A search for the complicating factors reviewed above should be undertaken since organic acidemias per se, should not be expected to be accompanied by elevations of serum potassium concentration. Moreover, the classical teaching that the absence of hyperkalemia during severe acidosis is indicative of severe potassium deficiency, may not be universally valid in patients with uncomplicated organic acidemias. PMID- 6791041 TI - Haemodialysis and hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis. AB - Disturbances in testicular function develop in uraemic patients, but the effect of haemodialysis on them has not been determined definitively. Because of this, 22 patients with chronic renal failure who were receiving regular dialysis treatment underwent studies of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis before, during and after a dialysis. On all these occasions, serum testosterone concentrations were lower than the values found in 26 normal men. In contrast, serum concentrations of FSH and LH were higher than normal. 13 of these patients showed a normal response of the hypothalamo-pituitary system to the clomiphene stimulation test and a diminished response of Leydig's cells to the human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test. It is concluded that haemodialysis does not affect the impaired gonadal function of male uraemic patients. PMID- 6791042 TI - High incidence of neoplasia in uremic patients receiving long-term dialysis. Cancer and long-term dialysis. AB - The records of 151 patients receiving long-term dialysis for an average of 66 months were reviewed to determine the incidence of malignancy. Nine cancers were found among 148 male patients. 8 of these 9 patients were smokers. This finding is significantly higher than expected (3.6 cases, p less than 0.0137) for exposure-specific and age-specific controls of the same sex. PMID- 6791043 TI - Hyperprolactinemia in chronic renal failure: impaired responsiveness to stimulation and suppression. Normalization after transplantation. AB - (PRL) secretion was investigated in 12 undialyzed patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), 30 hemodialyzed patients (HD), 19 renal transplant (RT) recipients and 17 controls. Basal PRL levels in CRF and HD patients were higher than in controls and RT subjects. Plasma PRL values were higher in CRF than in HD patients. In the HD group, plasma PRL concentrations were significantly higher in men with reduced sexual potency than in those in which it was normal. After TRH stimulation in CRF and HD the PRL response was considerably less and the time of peak delayed with respect to the controls. In RT subjects PRL did not return towards baseline after 120 min. After bromocriptine, plasma PRL suppression in CFR and HD patients ws lower than in controls and RT subjects. These findings suggest that some factor which accumulates in uremia, is only partially removed by hemodialysis, and might be responsible for the hyperprolactinemia and might also interfere with the binding of TRH and bromocriptine to their respective pituitary receptors. Although a pituitary defect seems to be prevalent, a concomitant hypothalamic disorder cannot be excluded. Hyperprolactinemia seems to play a role in the sexual disturbances showed by some HD men. Whatever the alterations responsible for the impaired PRL regulation in uremia are, they are reversed by successful renal transplant. PMID- 6791044 TI - Influence of morning melatonin injections on the antigonadotrophic effects of afternoon melatonin administration in male and female hamsters. AB - Male and female hamsters were maintained on a long photoperiod (14L:10D) and were divided into the following groups: group 1, injected with vehicle at both 11.00 and 17.00 h; groups 2-5, injected with various doses of melatonin at 11.00 h (0, 100 micrograms, 500 micrograms, 1 mg) and 25 g of melatonin at 17.00 h. In males, a.m. vehicle p.m. melatonin treatments for 70 days led to atrophy of the testes and accessory sex organs and to a significant depression of both plasma LH and PRL titers. There was a graded inhibition of these actions of exogenous melatonin in animals receiving 100 micrograms, 500 micrograms or 1 mg a.m. injections of melatonin with 1 mg completely preventing the effects of p.m. melatonin. 80% of the female hamsters receiving daily p.m. injections of melatonin for 9 weeks became acyclic with significant decreases in uterine weight and increases in ovarian weight. All doses of melatonin given at 11.00 h suppressed the inhibitory actions of p.m. melatonin with the exception of vaginal cyclicity for which 500 micrograms or more was required to restore normal vaginal cyclicity in all animals. These results demonstrate that morning injections of melatonin can prevent the antigonadotropic effects of afternoon melatonin injections and provide support for the hypothesis that the paradoxical actions of melatonin may be related to the ability of the indole to regulate its own receptors. PMID- 6791045 TI - Spectral analysis of EEG in the late course of primary generalized myoclonic astatic epilepsy. II. Cluster analysis of the power spectra. AB - Cluster analysis is applied to power spectra of the EEG of 38 patients with a primary generalized myoclonic astatic epilepsy (Gundel et al. 1981). The tendency of the data to form clusters within this group is indicated by a random experiment which has been performed with the data. The clustering algorithm divided the material in seven distinct groups which may be combined to three main types of power spectra. These types are power spectra with a 10 cps peak, a 4-7 cps peak and power spectra without remarkable rhythmization. The comparison of EEG types and clinical data shows a correlation of 4-7 cps rhythms with the occurrence of seizures. 4-7 cps rhythms are interpreted as a symptom of "centrencephalic" convulsibility. PMID- 6791046 TI - Vulnerability of cerebellar development in malnutrition-I. Quantitation of layer volume and neuron numbers. PMID- 6791047 TI - Vulnerability of cerebellar development in malnutrition-II. Intrinsic determination of total synaptic area on purkinje cell spines. PMID- 6791048 TI - Pharmacology of valproic acid in children with severe epilepsy: clearance and hepatotoxicity. AB - Valproic acid concentrations correlate with dose in children when sampling times are consistent. Both interpatient variability and average clearance of valproic acid are inversely related to age. Young children usually need higher doses to achieve the same blood levels as other patients, but the levels that result from a dose are less predictable from one child to the next. Whereas valproic acid therapy had little effect on the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), 12% of patients had abnormal SGOTs during an average of 14 months' therapy. The abnormal SGOTs from patients without serious hepatic dysfunction overlap many of the abnormal values in cases of fatal hepatic failure associated with valproic acid. PMID- 6791050 TI - Comprehensive long-term care of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6791049 TI - Chronic valproate administration produces hepatic dysfunction and may delay brain maturation in infant mice. AB - Infant mice (2 to 4 days old) received valproate (100 or 200 mg per kilogram body weight) subcutaneously once daily for 5 days. Both dosages decreased plasma beta hydroxybutyrate levels to about one-third of the control value, in the face of normal free fatty acid and glycerol levels. At 200 mg per kilogram of valproate, there were significant decreases in brain weight and brain K content. Both doses produced metabolite changes in brain compatible with a reduced metabolic flux through the glycolytic pathway and the citric acid cycle. Valproate reduced brain aspartate but did not increase brain GABA levels in infant mice. At 200 mg per kilogram of valproate, brain glutamate decreased and taurine levels increased. Two hundred milligrams per kilogram of valproate caused a profound reduction of liver glycogen stores. The apparent decrease in cerebral metabolic rate, reduced glutamate and aspartate, and increased levels of taurine in brain may relate to the anticonvulsant action of valproate. Together with the decreased brain weight and K content, the findings are also compatible with maturational delay. Decreased ketonemia and liver glycogen content may relate to the hepatic toxicity associated with valproate administration in infants and children. PMID- 6791051 TI - Improvement of stiff-man syndrome with sodium valproate. PMID- 6791052 TI - Quantitative evaluation of anticonvulsant effects on penicillin-induced spike foci in cats. AB - We evaluated the effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, sodium valproate, and ethosuximide on penicillin-induced spike foci. Phenytoin, carbamazepine, and phenobarbital at blood levels within or slightly above the human therapeutic range in humans increased spike frequency, decreased spike duration, and abolished after discharges. Ethosuximide and sodium valproate had no statistically significant effect even at blood levels considered toxic in humans. The experimental spike focus and the method of analysis appear useful for: (1) detection of new potentially anticonvulsant drugs, (2) classifying new potentially anticonvulsant drugs according to the type of clinical seizure for which benefit is most likely, and (3) comparing different anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6791053 TI - Valproic acid and secondary hyperammonemia. AB - An 11-year-old girl with complex seizures was started on valproic acid (VPA) in addition to clonazepam and ethosuximide. Shortly thereafter, she developed marked hyperammonemia that was worsened by a protein load. The hyperammonemia improved somewhat when protein was not given, and it resolved on discontinuation of the valproic acid. No associated changes in serum transaminases or bilirubin were observed. Isolated hyperammonemia may occur soon after VPA ingestion and appears to be a relatively infrequent, reversible side effect. The mechanism of hyperammonemia probably differs from other manifestations of hepatotoxicity, such as elevated transaminases or frank hepatic failure. PMID- 6791054 TI - Hyperventilation and 6-hour EEG recording in evaluation of absence seizures. AB - Seven patients with poorly controlled absence seizures were evaluated clinically and electroencephalographically (EEG) in control and placebo periods and then evaluated after 10 weeks on valproic acid. For analysis of epileptiform activity, 5 minutes of controlled hyperventilation recording was more reliable than 6-hour recording as a predictor of clinical seizure frequency. This apparently paradoxic result can be explained by considering that the number of epileptiform discharges in the EEG is affected by many variables (such as level of consciousness, anxiety, diurnal seizure variation, or blood glucose level) that are difficult to control for prolonged periods. PMID- 6791056 TI - Carcinoma in situ in a pharyngo-oesophageal diverticulum. PMID- 6791055 TI - [3 cases of gastric diverticulum]. AB - Out of 3000 radiograms of the upper gastrointestinal tract, followed by an endoscopic examination, performed at the Institute of Clinica Chirurgica of the University of Sassari from 1974 to 1980, the Authors found only three cases of gastric diverticula. This confirms the relative rarity of this disease. On the basis of these three observations, an analysis of some of the clinical and therapeutical aspects of gastric diverticula is then made. PMID- 6791057 TI - Parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6791058 TI - Bone disease resulting from total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6791059 TI - Biotin deficiency as a complication of incomplete parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6791060 TI - Nutrition classics. Surgery, Volume 64, 1968. Long-term total parenteral nutrition with growth, development, and positive nitrogen balance: Stanley J. Dudrick, Douglas W. Wilmore, Harry M. Vars, Jonathan E. Rhoads. PMID- 6791061 TI - How to work more comfortably with grief: your own and your patients': sharing helps when "old friends" die. PMID- 6791062 TI - Biochemistry of glycosaminoglycans; present knowledge. PMID- 6791063 TI - Hexamethylmelamine chemotherapy for disseminated endometrial cancer. AB - To evaluate the role of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) in the treatment of endometrial cancer, 20 women with metastatic or recurrent endometrial carcinoma received HMM orally at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day. Six patients (30%) showed a partial response, with a median duration of response of 3.5 months and a range of 1 to 7 months. Two patients responded to HMM as a second-line agent following previous treatment with nonhormonal chemotherapy. There were no complete responses. The major toxicities noted with HMM therapy were nausea, vomiting, and neurotoxicity. In 6 patients (30%), therapy with HMM was discontinued because of toxicity. Although HMM is active against endometrial cancer when given at a dose of 8 mg/kg/day, it appears to have limited usefulness because toxicity precludes its prolonged administration. PMID- 6791064 TI - Sarcoma complicating von Recklinghausen disease in pregnancy. AB - Several cases of benign enlargment of neurofibromata during pregnancy are reported in the literature. We believe the present case to be the first report of malignant schwannoma occurring in such a tumor during pregnancy. As this case illustrates, malignant sarcomatous change must be carefully considered in such patients. Prompt diagnosis and radical therapy offer the only chance of survival in malignant schwannoma. PMID- 6791066 TI - [The "R.P.I." clasp]. PMID- 6791065 TI - [Gingival recession]. PMID- 6791067 TI - [Splinting of mobile teeth using a mixture of composite resin and fiber glass]. PMID- 6791068 TI - [Development of the concept of problems in the treatment of dysmorphism of the face from the viewpoint of the orthodontist]. PMID- 6791069 TI - [HLA - histocompatibility antigens and oral diseases]. PMID- 6791070 TI - [Periodontal diseases in children]. PMID- 6791071 TI - [The etiology of periodontal diseases in children]. PMID- 6791072 TI - [Endodontic treatment of non-vital teeth with incomplete root formation]. PMID- 6791073 TI - [Medical responsibility]. PMID- 6791074 TI - [The histochemistry of mucus and its importance in oral oncology]. PMID- 6791075 TI - [Basement membrane degradation by enzymes of the 8000-g-lysosome fraction from cervical cancer cells]. AB - By means of immunoelectrophoresis and immunodiffusion after Ouchterlony the spectrum of lysosomal enzymes in the 8000-g-fraction of invasive cervical carcinoma cells and of normal human lymphocytes was investigated. A glomerulobasement membrane preparation (GBM) was used as substrate, and the action was characterized by inhibition studies. The proteases of cervical carcinoma cells and of lymphocytes caused a GBM degradation into identical antigenic pieces. While o-phenanthroline, 5-fluorouracil and HgCl2 showed no enzymatic inhibition, EDTA as well as aprotinine inhibited partially in all cases combined. EDTA and aprotinine totally stopped the reaction. While normal human serum revealed total inhibition of lysosomal enzymes of lymphocytes, the proteases of cervical carcinoma cells only were inhibited partially at all concentrations. This defective inhibitions is discussed concerning its in vivo significance for invasion. PMID- 6791076 TI - Variation in 17 oxogenic steroid excretion following oral prednisolone in children with lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - 19 children in their first remission from "standard risk" lymphoblastic leukaemia had the urinary concentration of 17 oxogenic steroids (OGS) measured after two scheduled 5-day courses of prednisolone, only for the second of which were the parents aware of what the urine would be examined for. Despite a carefully standardised dose of the drug, there was a very wide scatter of OGS excretion which changed from time to time with each patient, but not in a way related to when the parents knew what was being measured. 6 low-excreting patients were reassessed in hospital with controlled compliance but only 1 produced her highest level under such circumstances. These results suggest variable bioavailability of prednisolone, but do not indicate the reason. Non-compliance does not appear to the sole explanation. PMID- 6791077 TI - Total parenteral nutrition for maintenance of growth, carcass mass and positive nitrogen balance in rats with a small transplantable tumor. AB - This study evaluates the effects of 13 days of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on body weight, carcass mass and nitrogen balance in rats with and without a transplanted Morris No. 7777 hepatoma. Groups of rats without a tumor as well as rats with a tumor of about 3% of body weight or less were shown to maintain carcass weight as well as maintain a positive nitrogen balance when fed totally by vein. The present experiment was done under the same conditions as a previously reported experiment except that the size of the tumor in the rats was considerably smaller. These past studies showed that as the hepatoma gets much larger than 3% of the body weight, it was inhibitory to carcass weight gain even when the rats were given TPN. Thus, the size of the tumor influences the ability of TPN to sustain carcass weight. PMID- 6791078 TI - The message of a bony lens. PMID- 6791079 TI - Miniaturized intraocular carbon dioxide laser photosurgical system for multi incision vitrectomy. PMID- 6791080 TI - Assessment of thyroid function. AB - The thyroid hormones Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) can be measured directly in serum by radioimmunoassay. Most serum T4 and T3 circulates bound to specific serum-binding proteins but the small unbound fraction, free T4, correlates best with hormonal activity. The free T4 concentration can be measured directly and also can be estimated from the T3-resin uptake as the free T4 index (FT4-I). In hypothyroidism, T4 and FT4-I are decreased and when the disorder results from thyroid gland failure, serum TSH will be elevated as well. Indeed, an increase in serum TSH is the most sensitive index of thyroid gland failure. Hyperthyroidism is associated with increased serum T4, T3, and free T4. About 5% of patients have a selective increase in T3 secretion: T3 thyrotoxicosis. In these, serum T4 is normal but serum T3 is elevated. An absent TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is the hallmark of hyperthyroidism due to suppression of anterior pituitary TSH secretion. PMID- 6791082 TI - Risk management: a management-oriented program implemented through the medical director's office. AB - General management approaches can be applied effectively to a medical facility's risk management program. By centralizing organizational structure, anticipating and controlling risk, investigating claims liabilities, and educating the medical and administrative staffs and other hospital employees, the risk management staff at Geisinger Medical Center has established a solid base for an effective program. Moreover, the risk manager "makes rounds" throughout the institution to obtain a firsthand view of risk control in action. Conversely, physicians and nurses "rotate" through the risk manager's office to learn more about the program and their vital roles in its success. Even though the concept of risk management is fairly new, the staff at Geisinger Medical Center already is using the information generated by incident reports, medical care evaluations, utilization reports, and claims investigations to enhance its understanding of the risk control program. By encouraging the involvement and the support of medical and administrative staffs, and by using a management-oriented approach, the administration of the Geisinger Medical Center believes its risk management program has a solid foundation and a strong framework for success. PMID- 6791081 TI - The efficacy of several irrigating solutions for endodontics: a scanning electron microscopic study. AB - The perforated irrigation needle was used to test a high-volume (20 c.c.) final flush of prepared root canals. Three solutions: TEGO 1 percent, NaOCl 5.25 percent, and REDTA were tested. The roots were split longitudinally and were prepared for examination under the scanning electron microscope immediately after preparation and final flushing. In addition, groups were prepared and flushed in the same manner, but after splitting they were soaked in the respective solutions for 3 hours and then examined. The results indicated that the smeared layer is caused by instrumentation, that it is not removed by TEGO or NaOCl, and that it is removed by REDTA. It may be that the smeared layer is a slurry of dentin filings, since REDTA does not remove soft tissue. All solutions produced a canal quite free of debris; however, none of the tested irrigants was completely satisfactory by itself. PMID- 6791083 TI - Approaches to improving the quality of health care: organizational change. PMID- 6791084 TI - Use of employee surveys in quality assurance programs. PMID- 6791085 TI - Quality assurance as a management function: introduction to this issue and a report on the quality assurance management institute. PMID- 6791086 TI - Health care in correctional institutions in the United States, England, Canada, Poland, and France. AB - Prison health care in the United States varies from facility to facility. In those that have been accredited by the American Medical Association, health services and personnel may be organized in one of many different ways depending on the size of the institution, the needs of inmates, and the resources in the community. In England, Canada, Poland, and France, the organization of health care for prisoners is mandated by law and directed by a formal governmental agency. The health care system in each country provides different degrees of health coverage; but all employ health care professionals who render uniform medical care to inmates in correctional facilities. PMID- 6791087 TI - Simplifying quality review systems through the use of organizational goals. PMID- 6791088 TI - [Thrombocytopathy caused by congenital cyclo-oxygenase deficiency]. PMID- 6791089 TI - [Experience with INTAL in the treatment of extrinsic and intrinsic bronchial asthma in childhood]. PMID- 6791090 TI - [Severe intestinal diseases caused by aerobic bacterial spores]. PMID- 6791091 TI - Quantitative bacteriology in adenoid tissue. AB - Over the past several years the indications for adenoidectomy have become increasingly controversial. Attempts to justify the operation in recurrent otitis media by correlating cultures of the nasopharynx with cultures of middle ear fluid have been inconclusive. Using quantitative bacteriologic techniques, we have studied the levels of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria per gram of tissue in adenoids removed from 48 patients. In seven patients, adenoidectomy was performed for nasal obstruction alone, in 17 patients for chronic serous otitis media, and in 24 patients for recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media. Using the criterion that greater than 10(5) organisms/gm of tissue constitutes infection, we found that 83% (20) of patients in the third group had infected adenoids, as opposed to only 15% (4) in the first and second group combined. Adenoid size measured radiographically did not correlate with the presence of infection. Adenoid size measured radiographically did not correlate with the presence of infection. When recurrent suppurative and serous otitis media are unresponsive to medical therapy including antibiotics and decongestants, adenoidectomy should be considered in addition to myringotomy and ventilation tubes. PMID- 6791092 TI - The airway mechanics of jet ventilation. PMID- 6791093 TI - Accessory muscle activity and respiration. AB - The relationship between the accessory muscle activity (sternohyoid and sternothyroid) and respiration was studied in canines. These animals do not have an omohyoid muscle such as found in primates. Therefore, chair-trained monkeys that have all three accessory muscles were used in a portion of the study. Findings in canines supported those previously reported. The sternothyroid muscle fired spontaneously with the onset of inspiration, but there was no similar activity in the sternohyoid. The activity of both muscles was observed after sectioning the recurrent laryngeal nerves and inducing hypoxia and hypercarbia. The severely hypoxic animals produced some negligible activity in the sternohyoid muscle. The data obtained from the chair-trained monkeys showed no consistent accessory muscle activity during normal respiration with recordings taken immediately after electrode placement, at 24 hours, and one week later. Respiratory activity was consistent in the omohyoid and sternothyroid but not in the sternohyoid muscle when partial airway obstruction and hypoxia were induced. PMID- 6791094 TI - Antimicrobial treatment of otitis media: penicillins, cephalosporins, sulfonamides. AB - Otitis media continues to be one of the most common diagnoses made in the offices of family physicians, pediatricians, and otolaryngologists. The emergence of ampicillin resistant Hemophilus influenzae as an important etiologic agent for otitis media has altered the selection of a therapeutic antimicrobial drug. This article reviews the role of the penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides in the treatment of otitis media. Amoxicillin continues to be the drug chosen for the uncultured otitis media. Backup drugs for use in unresponsive cases include trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin-sulfisoxazole, and cefaclor. The cost of the drug should be a factor in the selection when efficacy is equal. PMID- 6791095 TI - Topical therapeutics for otitis media. AB - In chronic draining ear associated with a tympanic membrane perforation, cholesteatoma, or both, the infection is that of bacterial contamination. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are found, notably pseudomonas, staphylococcus, and enteric organisms, particularly bacteroides. The disease exists because of a structural defect in the middle ear cleft, which requires surgery as definitive treatment. Medical therapy is valuable as a temporary measure in preoperative preparation, and in prevention and management of intracranial extension. Topical therapy with antibiotic ear drops is often helpful, but also important is local care with cleansing, drying, and antiseptic solutions or powders. Therapy is usually directed toward the pseudomonas organisms with aminoglycoside-polymyxin combination otic drops. However, Bacteroides fragilis now looms as an important pathogen in 13% of affected patients. Chloramphenicol otic drops are indicated when such an infection is suspected or identified. PMID- 6791097 TI - Combined extracranial-intracranial resection of a maxillary desmoid tumor. PMID- 6791096 TI - Otitis media with effusion: results of treatment with a short course of oral prednisone or intranasal beclomethasone aerosol. AB - A short course of prednisone suspension given in a decreasing dosage schedule for up to ten days was often effective (68%) in resolving mucoid otitis media with effusion (OME, middle ear effusion). No significant side effects were noted. Concommitant administration of sulfisoxazole suspension may have reduced the likelihood of activation of a quiescent infection of the middle ear. During the eight-month mean follow-up period, reaccumulation of the effusion was detected in 21% of the successfully treated children. Preliminary results of an unrelated, pilot project using intranasal beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol suggests that this novel method also may be efficacious in the treatment of OME. PMID- 6791098 TI - Laryngeal acinic cell carcinoma following thyroid irradiation. AB - Only three examples of acinic cell carcinoma of the larynx or trachea are found in the recent literature. A case of acinic cell carcinoma of the subglottic larynx and trachea was diagnosed and treated at the University of Virginia Medical Center. To our knowledge this is the first such case with a prior history of radiation to the neck. The patient is a 56-year-old woman who was irradiated for hyperthyroidism 46 years ago. When seen she also had parathyroid hyperplasia and multiple thyroid adenomas, conditions that frequently follow irradiation of the thyroid in children. These findings in this case support the concept that radiation may be responsible for inducing this tumor, which otherwise rarely occurs in this location. The use of electron microscopy was extremely useful in the diagnosis of this tumor. She was treated with total laryngectomy and right neck dissection and is now free of disease one year after surgery. PMID- 6791099 TI - Parotid lipomatosis in a 2-month-old child. PMID- 6791100 TI - Factitious parotid tumor. PMID- 6791101 TI - Upper aerodigestive tract manifestations of Behcet's disease: review of 30 cases. AB - Behcet's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of undetermined cause. The most frequent manifestations are aphthous ulceration of the upper aerodigestive tract, genital ulcers, ocular inflammation, and arthritis. Less frequent features include involvement of the CNS, thrombophlebitis, and large-vessel arteritis. Of utmost importance is the fact that aphthous ulceration of the upper aerodigestive tract will develop in all patients who have Behcet's disease; thus, they may come to the otorhinolaryngologist for evaluation. This disease must be distinguished from recurrent aphthous ulceration, herpes simplex infection, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Reiter's disease, pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Crohn's disease. Behcet's disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical features; no specific laboratory abnormalities have been noted. The histopathologic perivasculitis is non-specific. Corticosteroid administration has been the most efficacious treatment. For serious complications, such as uveitis or meningoencephalitis, immunosuppressive agents can be used. PMID- 6791102 TI - Osteogenesis from a free periosteal graft in mandibular reconstruction. PMID- 6791103 TI - The effect of vocal cord paralysis on the cricoarytenoid joint. PMID- 6791104 TI - Selecting the side of recurrent laryngeal nerve section for spastic dysphonia. PMID- 6791106 TI - Canalplasty for chronic intractable external otitis and keratosis obturans. PMID- 6791105 TI - Chronic otitis media with effusion and allergy: modified RAST analysis of 119 cases. PMID- 6791107 TI - Bacteriology of otitis media: a review. PMID- 6791108 TI - A simple, inexpensive, disposable suction device for laser surgery. PMID- 6791109 TI - Sector computerized tomography of temporal bone and base of skull. AB - The field of computerized tomography (CT) scanning has been one of the great medical advances of the 20th century. The field is developing rapidly with new hardware and software becoming available on a monthly basis. At the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, patients have been studied by using a sector computerized tomography scanner that has the capability of not only improved spatial resolution but also software programs, with the ability to reconstruct data using different algorithms. This versatility in reconstructing the raw data has resulted in a remarkable improvement in the ability to study the temporal bone and the base of the skull. This paper will present technical data in reference to this new generation of scanner and also show examples of the type data that are becoming available to the otolaryngologist studying lesions of the base skull and temporal bone. PMID- 6791110 TI - Diagnosis of cerebellopontine angle tumors with small quantities of air. AB - Difficulty in detecting small acoustic neuromas has encouraged us to study patients suspected of having a tumor by air cisternography augmented with computed tomography. Ninety patients were examined without complication. Five cubic centimeter of air was introduced via lumbar puncture and manipulated into the cerebellopontine angle cisterns. Scanning is commenced immediately. Filling of both internal auditory canals and identification of the neurovascular bundle in the cerebellopontine angle cistern was possible in all patients except those with tumors. The diagnostic accuracy, speed, and lack of morbidity have made this procedure the initial radiologic examination at our institution for patients suspected of having acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6791111 TI - Laryngeal findings in superior laryngeal nerve paralysis: a controversy. PMID- 6791112 TI - Local immune system in human adult and fetal larynx. AB - Using immunofluorescent and histopathologic techniques, we studied the distribution and secretory activity of the glands of the larynx from 51 adults and 15 human fetuses. Glandular buds were first observed at the 12th fetal week and glandular distribution became evident from the 16th fetal week. In the adult larynx, intraepithelial and submucosal glandular distribution was observed in each specimen. Immunofluorescent studies revealed the diffuse fluorescence for IgA not only in the submucosal or periglandular connective tissue are but also in the intraepithelial and submucosal glands. Secretory component (SC) synthesis was found mainly in each serous-type glandular epithelium or acinus. In the submucosal or periglandular area, IgA-producing plasma cells were numerous. In contrast, there was little fluorescence for IgA in the fetal laryngeal tissues. Secretory component, however, was found in each serous-type glandular epithelium or acinus from the 16th week. Our observations suggest that local immune system by secretory IgA is active in the adult larynx, and the production of SC is inherently acquired in the fetal larynx. PMID- 6791113 TI - Traumatic porencephalic cysts of the ear canal: diagnosis and therapy. PMID- 6791114 TI - Petrosquamosal suture and lamina. AB - The junction of the petrosal and squamosal portions of the temporal lobe has important relationships that are of interest to the otologist. The resultant suture extends from the glaserian fissure across the top of the middle ear cleft and into the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. It may permit quick passage of infection from the middle ear to the middle cranial fossa. The petrosa may override the squama, forcing it down into the tympanum, where it could cause malleus fixation and a conductive type hearing loss. In the mastoid the suture is identifiable on the surface, but in the interior it is represented by the petrosquamosal lamina. The deeper portion in the petrosal portion of the mastoid may be easily overlooked in surgery of the mastoid and may lead to facial nerve injury. PMID- 6791115 TI - Rhytidectomy employing a two-layered closure: improved results with hidden scars. AB - The goal of a face-life procedure should be to obtain the maximal improvement with minimal morbidity. The author's technique is presented as an alternative technique to accomplish this goal. It is based on 427 face-lift patients from 1973 to 1979. The technique employs defatting of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and platysma muscle (which is not dissected free) and use of multiple plication sutures to create a second-layer closure. This is in contrast to the standard face-lift procedure, which employs a single-layer closure whereby all the retraction tension is sustained by the skin flaps. With the author's technique, the complication rates are markedly reduced and satisfactory cosmetic results are obtained with "hidden" face-lift incisions. PMID- 6791117 TI - 1981 Instruction courses in otolaryngology. PMID- 6791116 TI - Adjunctive procedures to maximize the result of cosmetic eyelid surgery. AB - The cosmetic blepharoplasty should be complemented by surgical procedures that augment the favorable aesthetics of the blepharoplasty. A blepharoplasty is frequently not fully satisfying to the patient or the surgeon. The plastic surgeon must recognize the need for adjunctive procedures such as eyebrow lift, blepharocanthoplasty, malar implants, dermal abrasion, chemosurgery, and temporoauricular lift to fulfill the more ideal expectations of both surgeon and patient. Evaluation of the aesthetic requirements for youthful restoration around the eye and the need for additional surgical techniques to enhance the beauty of the eye is discussed. Included in the discussion are the techniques used for the various procedures, the complications that can arise, and the reward of surgery performed in conjunction with the routine blepharoplasty or instead of it. PMID- 6791118 TI - The initial stages of infection of cattle cells with Theileria parva sporozoites in vitro. AB - Large numbers of Theileria parva sporozoites were separated from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus adult ticks by filtration and were then concentrated by centrifugation. The sporozoites were incubated at 37 degrees C with leucocytes from 6 cattle of Bos indicus and B. taurus types. Giemsa-stained smears and living preparations under interference contrast microscopy were used to follow the course of the infection of the leucocytes with sporozoites. Sporozoites were seen to attach rapidly to about 25% of the leucocytes which they penetrated. After penetration by the sporozoites the morphology of the cells changed to show an increase in cytoplasm and an enlargement of the Golgi apparatus, with which the parasite appeared to become associated. The early intracellular or preschizont stages resembled Babesia parasites. From day 3, the parasite showed the typical morphology of the macroschizont of T. parva. Multiple infections were frequent and up to 8 schizonts were observed arranged around the Golgi apparatus. Multiple infected cells did not survive in culture but some of the cells infected with a single parasite divided to produce 2 infected daughter cells and infected lymphoblastoid cell lines were established in all 21 attempts. PMID- 6791119 TI - Epidemiology of East Coast fever: some effects of temperature on the development of Theileria parva in the tick vector, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. AB - The moulting behaviour of nymphal Rhipicephalus appendiculatus from the laboratory colony and 3 field strains from Kenya was greatly influenced by constant temperatures between 18 and 37 degrees C but was not significantly different for the 4 tick strains. Six batches of R. appendiculatus (Muguga laboratory) nymphs which had engorged on cattle parasitaemic with 4 stocks of Theileria parva (Kiambu 4, Kiambu 5, Muguga and Mbita 4) isolated in Kenya were incubated at constant temperatures between 18 and 37 degrees C during their pre moult and post-moult periods. The Theileria infections in the salivary glands of the resultant adult ticks were assessed by staining with Feulgen's stain. Two stocks (Muguga and Kiambu 5) developed their highest infections in ticks incubated at 28 degrees C while the other two (Kiambu 4 and Mbita 4) developed their highest infections at 23 degrees C. Constant temperatures of 18, 33 and 37 degrees were detrimental to the development of salivary gland infections. Temperature influenced the rate of development and numbers of the earlier Theileria stages in the ticks. Engorged nymphal ticks incubated for 4 days at 37 degrees C during their pre-moult period developed lower infections than ticks exposed at 4 degrees C for 4 days. PMID- 6791120 TI - The dysmorphology detective. PMID- 6791121 TI - [Krabbe's disease in a 13-month-old girl]. PMID- 6791122 TI - [Role of axial transverse tomogram in radiation therapy treatment planning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791123 TI - [Argument in favor of a machine: the scanner]. PMID- 6791124 TI - [Acquired Willebrand factor deficiency associated with monoclonal IgG kappa gammapathy. Presence of an inhibitor of ristocetin co-factor (author's transl)]. AB - An 85-year-old woman without personal history of haemorrhages was found to have qualitative and quantitative deficiency of Factor VIII persisting at least 6 months. Asymptomatic monoclonal IgG kappa gammopathy was also discovered in the same patient, together with a circulating inhibitor of ristocetin co-factor. The fact that the inhibitory effect was reduced after the patient's serum IgG's were bound to staphylococcal protein A suggests that the inhibitor belonged to that category of immunoglobulins, although the authors were unable to detect it after elution. PMID- 6791125 TI - [Hydrothorax in cirrhotic patients and diaphragmatic communication. A case]. PMID- 6791126 TI - [Should undernutrition be corrected prior to surgery in patients with cancer of the oesophagus or cardia? (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study of 40 patients with cancer of the oesophage or cardia considered for surgery showed that 27 had no evidence of protein or calorie deficiency, while 13 had undernutrition. The 18 patients who benefited from ablative surgery belonged to the group with normal nutritional status; none of the undernourished patients could have benefited from resection. Only controlled studies will show whether or not correcting undernutrition is advantageous, but the number of people with both resectable tumour and corrigible undernutrition is probably very small. PMID- 6791127 TI - [Inappropriate thyrotropin secretion. Part 1: tumoral (author's transl)]. AB - Release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine from the thyroid gland is stimulated by the pituitary hormone thyrotropin, or thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). TSH secretion in turn is regulated by control mechanisms, which include a negative feedback effect of the thyroid hormones themselves and the actions of the hypothalamic peptide TRH and of several central neurotransmitters. Hyperthyroidism secondary to excessive TSH secretion is a rare entity. In most cases TSH hypersecretion results from an adenoma of the pituitary gland and may then be associated with increased prolactin or growth hormone production. It should be emphasized that most patients with pituitary adenoma have high serum levels of alpha TSH subunit and undetectable beta TSH subunit. PMID- 6791128 TI - [Inappropriate thyrotropin secretion. Part 2: non tumoral (author's transl)]. AB - Some patients are clinically euthyroid despite high thyroid hormones levels associated with detectable but not elevated serum TSH. These patients are considered as being resistant to thyroid hormones. The resistance may be severe or partial and in most cases seems to be autosomal dominant; it affects some tissues more than others, thus giving rise to a variety of clinical symptoms. In a few patients with high TSH levels extensive studies have failed to provide evidence of pituitary tumour of resistance to thyroid hormones; the cause of TSH hypersecretion in such cases remains uncertain. Several factors (non specific serum proteins, cross-reactivity circulating antibodies) may result in falsely high T3, T4 and TSH values on radioimmune assays and must be carefully investigated in the presence of unexpectedly high serum TSH levels. PMID- 6791129 TI - [Conical amputation of the cervix with CO2 laser (author's transl)]. AB - Conical amputation of the cervix is performed to treat intra-epithelial carcinomas of the cervix and endocervical dysplasias. The width and length of the cone can be adapted to the extent of exo- and endocervical lesions. The two main drawbacks of the operation are immediate or delayed haemorrhages and inability to watch the borderline between squamous and cylindrical epithelia, which is no longer visible. These drawbacks are not avoided with the usual technique using invaginating Sturmdorf sutures, whereas conical amputation with a CO2 laser coupled with a hand-piece rather than with a microscope provides virtually bloodless sections and rapid healing, within 3 weeks, without eschar detachment. In addition, there is no risk of secondary stenosis, and the squamous/cylindrical junction remains visible and can be examined by colposcopy, cervicovaginal smears and biopsies. PMID- 6791130 TI - Massive small bowel resection. PMID- 6791131 TI - Time to take the offensive. PMID- 6791132 TI - [Effect of disodium cromoglycate (Intal) on the course of endogenous steroid dependent bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6791133 TI - [Histamine of peripheral basophils in children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6791134 TI - [Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Scanning electron and light microscopy studies]. PMID- 6791135 TI - [Intravenous alimentation. I. Indications and caloric and protein requirements]. PMID- 6791136 TI - [Intravenous alimentation. II. Its solution components]. PMID- 6791137 TI - [Intravenous alimentation. III. Technics and complications]. PMID- 6791138 TI - [Effect of bile reflux on the secretion of various gastric juice components in young persons]. PMID- 6791139 TI - On the mechanism of suppressive action of some drugs influencing calcium ions on the histamine-induced contraction of guinea-pig ileum. AB - The effects of procaine, verapamil, EDTA, pyridoxine and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on histamine-induced contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum have been compared. Procaine, verapamil, EDTA and DSCG exerted the protective action on the ileum against histamine either when the drugs were present in the organ bath or after they were washed out. This effect was dose- and time-dependent and reversible. On the other hand, the protective effect of pyridoxine against histamine-induced contraction of ileum disappeared quickly after removing of drug from the bath. It is suggested that all tested agents influence calcium utilization by muscle cells. PMID- 6791140 TI - Properties of reconstituted rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase system with cytochrome P-450. AB - Reconstituted rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system is composed of four components: NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome P-450, phosphatidylcholine and cholate. Evidence has been presented that phosphatidylcholine and cholate form micelles that take an active part in the reconstitution. Order of addition of MFO system components in the reconstitution has been intensively studied. Several titration curves well describe reconstituted system. Experimental data suggest formation of dissociable complex of reductase, cytochrome P-450 and micelles A model for reconstituted rabbit pulmonary MFO system is discussed. PMID- 6791141 TI - Effect of sodium cholate on the NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase activity in the reconstituted rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase system. AB - Solubilization, separation and purification procedures for rabbit pulmonary mixed function oxidase (MFO) system have been shown to influence the NADPH cytochrome P 450 reductase component activity in the reconstituted system. The reductase activity as judged by cytochrome c reduction does not correlate with the reductase ability to interact with other MFO system components. Sodium cholate used in several solubilization and purification procedures may alter the reconstituted drug metabolizing activity. PMID- 6791142 TI - Effect of neutral lipids on the activity of rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase system with cytochrome P-450. AB - With increasing amount of cholesterol or neutral lipids, an increase with subsequent inhibition of the reconstituted rabbit pulmonary mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system activity is observed. Lecithin-cholate micelles formed in the reconstituted system may reverse the inhibitory effect of neutral lipids excess. Neutral lipids do not constitute essential component of the reconstituted MFO system however small quantities of neutral lipids may modify the structure of MFO system components to yield the highest 7-EC O-deethylation activities. PMID- 6791143 TI - Synthesis of imidazo [4,5-b] pyridine-7-carboxylic acid and some of its derivatives with expected antituberculous activity. AB - The title acid 2 and its methyl ester 3, hydrazide 4, hydrazone 5, amide 6, nitrile 7, amidoxime 8 and thioamide 9 have been obtained. As a result of methylation of 2 with diazomethane N-CH3 derivatives of these compounds 10-17 were obtained and their structure was preliminary established as 3-CH3 compounds. Some of the obtained compounds were investigated for their tuberculostatic activity. PMID- 6791144 TI - Preparation of drugs used in hyperacidity. Part IV. Effect of sulphate, chloride and nitrate ions and mannitol on neutralizing properties and changes of alumina gels. AB - The stability of alumina gels precipitated from the appropriate aluminum salts with ammonia solution have been investigated. The effect of SO42-, Cl-, NO3-ions and mannitol on this stability was evaluated. SO42-ions, and to a lesser degree also Cl- and NO3-ions stabilize alumina gel due to the incorporation in its structure. The use of mannitol solution as a suspension medium results also in the complete stabilization of the gel. PMID- 6791145 TI - [Current theories on corpus luteum insufficiency]. PMID- 6791146 TI - Arthralgia confuses diagnosis of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6791147 TI - The importance of duodenal diverticula in the elderly. AB - All barium meal examinations performed, in patients aged greater than 65 years, in one year in one Health District are reviewed. There were 39 cases of duodenal diverticula. One case of osteomalacia and folate deficiency was discovered and this patient had evidence of small bowel bacterial overgrowth. In the remaining cases showing evidence of nutritional deficiency, other factors were probably responsible. The evidence for an association between deficiencies and duodenal diverticula is discussed, and it is concluded that these structures are rarely responsible for nutritional deficiencies in the elderly. PMID- 6791148 TI - Gold colitis, therapy and confirmation of mucosal recovery by measurement of rectal potential difference. AB - A 38-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis developed colitis after a course of 320 mg sodium aurothiomalate. Recovery comparable with that reported with corticosteroids or chelating agents was achieved by fluid replacement alone. Mucosal recovery was confirmed by measurement of rectal potential differences. PMID- 6791149 TI - Meningitis and bacteraemia due to Listeria monocytogenes in compromised hosts. AB - The clinical history of 3 adult patients infected by Listeria monocytogenes is presented. One patient with chronic lymphatic leukaemia developed purulent meningitis; the 2 others had chronic renal failure and were undergoing routine haemodialysis. Of the latter, one developed meningitis and the other bacteraemia after receiving 2 blood transfusions. Immuno-suppression, or the underlying disease of the hosts, probably played a role in permitting the infection to establish itself. The rural environment may also have been conducive to the transfer of this particular, rarely infectious, micro-organism to these patients. PMID- 6791150 TI - Respiratory gas exchange and control in the chicken. AB - Gas exchange in parabronchial lungs can be described by: 1) representing the entire lung as one parabronchus, 2) solving iteratively a series of equations relating CO2 and O2 levels to the partial pressures of the gases, blood pH, and flows of gas and blood at thin sections of the parabronchus to give changes of gas pressures, and 3) integrating the changes over the parabronchus. At rest, diffusion resistance to exchange between gas and blood is a relatively small effect while ventilation/perfusion inequalities between parabronchi are responsible for most of the disequilibrium between gas and blood. Ventilation is altered to control body temperature and intrapulmonary and arterial PCO2. Chickens pant at a relatively lower respiratory frequency than mammals of comparable body weight. The respiratory time constant of hyperthermic chickens predicts maximal parabronchial ventilation at usual panting frequencies. Above this frequency, CO2 would increase from the minimum in hyperthermia, decreasing frequency of respiration. Inhaling CO2-enriched air in hyperthermia slows frequency but increases ventilation, protecting against lethally hot climates. Intrapulmonary chemoreceptors reduce ventilation if intrapulmonary PCO2 falls. Left ventricular CO2-sensitive mechanoreceptors also inhibit ventilation if PaCO2 falls or blood pressure increases. Both sensory systems may buffer respiratory gas and acid-base changes at the tissue. No known system can explain ventilation during exercise. PMID- 6791151 TI - Influence of arachidonic acid and indomethacin on uterine and vaginal motility in the domestic hen. PMID- 6791152 TI - Effects of diet composition on vanadium toxicity in laying hens. AB - Vanadium added to laying rations as NH4 VO3, VOCl2 or VOSO4 at levels of 20 to 80 ppm resulted in a rapid and substantial reduction in albumen quality as measured by Haugh units. Dietary vanadium also resulted in reduced egg production, egg weight, body weight, feed consumption, and poorer shell quality as measured by specific gravity. Ascorbic acid at .4 to .5% effectively protected the hen from the reduction in albumen quality, egg production, and body weight for up to 40 ppm vanadium, but not the reduction of egg weight. Replacement of soybean meal by 20% dietary cottonseed meal also protected the hen from the reduction in albumen quality, egg production, and body weight for up to 40 ppm vanadium. Added at levels of 4 to 8 times the molecular concentration of vanadium, EDTA had no consistent effect on vanadium toxicity. Dehydrated grass, at levels of 6 to 12%, maintained egg production but had no effects on the reduction in albumen quality caused by 40 ppm vanadium. Replacement of soybean meal with herring fish meal and part of the grain with sucrose intensified the depression of albumen quality, egg production, and loss of body weight caused by added vanadium. Neither varying dietary protein levels from 12 to 25% using soybean meal nor the addition of 20 ppm chromium had any effect on the toxicity of added vanadium. It appears that vanadium expresses its toxicity in laying hens by several routes since the protective effects of different dietary changes and additives differentially affected the loss of albumen quality, egg production, body weight, and egg weight. PMID- 6791153 TI - The influence of diflubenzuron on several weight characteristics in growing male broiler and layer chickens. AB - Diflubenzuron (Dimilin, TH-6040; N-[[(4-chlorophenyl)-amino] carbonyl]-2,6 difluorobenzamide) was fed to male broiler and layer chickens at levels of 0, 2.5, 25, and 250 ppm from 1 day to 98 days of age. Characteristics measured were body weights, grams of feed per gram of body weight, testes weights, liver weights, comb weights, and feet weights. There were no consistent significant differences among the control, 2.5, 25, or 250 ppm groups in any of the characteristics measured. There was a trend for higher body weights in the chickens fed diets containing diflubenzuron. PMID- 6791154 TI - Application phenomena and efficacy of concentrated acaricide dusts for northern fowl mite control on caged laying hens. AB - Fluorescent pigments were used to measure plumage coverage when caged laying hens were dusted for northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), control. Carriage type electrostatic or high velocity backpack equipment produced superior coverage 2 hr posttreatment when the rates of 454 g (1 lb) dust per 100 or 500 hens was employed. A redistribution of dust was noted 48 hr posttreatment, and a subsequent experiment demonstrated that this phenomenon resulted from intracage cross contamination dependent upon bird caging density. Carbaryl 80% wettable powder (WP) at 454 g/1600 hens and tetrachlorvinphos 50% WP at 454 g/1000 hens provided northern fowl mite control for 11 and 5 weeks posttreatment, respectively. PMID- 6791155 TI - Penicillin in sore throat. PMID- 6791156 TI - Fits and other frightening or funny turns in young children. PMID- 6791157 TI - [Nutritional emergency and their assessment in internal medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791158 TI - Cost of cardiovascular disease and planning for future directions of the U.S. Air Force HEART program. PMID- 6791159 TI - Is health promotion cost effective? PMID- 6791160 TI - Organization of four mouse lambda light chain immunoglobulin genes. AB - We have cloned four lambda light chain constant region (C) genes from mouse embryo DNA. Each carries its own joining (J) segment approximately 1.3 kilobases to its 5' side. The four C genes occur in two clusters, 5' J3C3J1C13' and 5' J2C2J4C43', with C4 being a new C lambda gene. We have also shown that V lambda 1 is joined productively with C lambda 3 in a lambda 3-producing myeloma, and it is most likely that V lambda 1 and V lambda 2 are the only V lambda genes. Based on the analysis of the germ line and rearranged variable region (V) lambda genes in myelomas we argue that the V lambda 1 and V lambda 2 genes are at the 5' side of the C3C1 and C2C4 clusters, respectively. We propose that the two clusters arose by duplication. We also speculate on the role of J-associated DNA sequences in regulation of expression of the lambda subtypes. PMID- 6791161 TI - Sequence homologies in the 5' regions of four Drosophila heat-shock genes. AB - We report nucleotide sequences of the regions surrounding the 5' ends of the genes for Drosophila melanogaster heat-shock proteins hsp83, hsp68, and hsp26, located at chromosome positions 63BC, 95D, and 67B, respectively. As in other eukaryotic genes, the sequence T-A-T-A-A-A-A-T occurs about 30 nucleotides upstream from the sites of mRNA initiation. Three additional sequence homologies and a dyad symmetry were noted at approximately corresponding locations in the three genes and in the gene for another heat-shock protein, hsp70. We also found an intron near the 5' end of the hsp83 gene, with sequences at its boundaries typical of splice sites found in other organisms. PMID- 6791162 TI - A novel type of T-T cell interaction removes the requirement for I-B region in the H-2 complex. AB - When tested in the in vitro T-cell proliferation assay, H-2a cells are nonresponders to lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B; L-lactate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) and to IgG2a myeloma protein. However, the cells can be converted into responders either by the addition to the culture of monoclonal anti-Ia.m7 antibody or by the removal from the culture of Lyt-2+ [T-lymphocyte-associated alloantigen (Lyt)-2 positive] lymphocytes. In both instances, the responsiveness can be suppressed again by the addition to the culture of monoclonal antibodies to I region-associated (Ia) molecules controlled by the I-A subregion. These data suggest that, in some H-2 haplotypes, the response to LDH-B and IgG2a is the result of interaction between the I-A and I-E subregions. The H-2a haplotype carries a responder allele at the I-A subregion but the responsiveness of H-2a cells is normally suppressed by T cells recognizing the antigen in the context of the I-E molecules. When the recognition of I-E molecules is blocked by an antiserum or when the cells capable of this recognition are removed, the H-2a cells become responders. These experiments demonstrate a nonresponder turned responder by antibody inhibition. They also demonstrate that the postulate of the I-B subregion is no longer necessary and provide additional evidence that the Ia molecules are the products of the immune response (Ir) genes. PMID- 6791163 TI - Expression of an antigen receptor on T cells does not require recombination at the immunoglobulin JH-C mu locus. AB - Considerable evidence has accumulated suggesting that the antigen receptor(s) on T cells is coded for by genes for the variable (V) region of the immunoglobulin heavy (H) chains. In B cells, a complete gene for the immunoglobulin VH region is formed by somatic recombination of VH and joining region heavy chain (JH) gene segments [through an intermediate diversity(D) region gene segment]. In an attempt to determine whether a complete immunoglobulin VH region is expressed on T cells that bear an antigen receptor, we analyzed the restriction map of the JH C mu locus in genomic DNA from two cloned murine cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines specific for the x-ray-induced leukemia RL male 1. We found no rearrangement of the JH C mu locus in the CTL lines, indicating that the T-cell antigen receptor(s) in these CTLs is not coded for by a complete immunoglobulin VH gene formed by joining of VH, (DH), and JH genes. In addition, we determined that C mu genes on both chromosomes were present and that there was no rearrangement of the C alpha, C kappa, or lambda chain genes in these CTL cells. PMID- 6791164 TI - Indole alkaloids: dihydroteleocidin B, teleocidin, and lyngbyatoxin A as members of a new class of tumor promoters. AB - Dihydroteleocidin B, which is a derivative of teleocidin from Streptomyces, showed potent tumor-promoting activity in vivo when painted on mouse skin. Although the chemical structure of dihydroteleocidin B is entirely different from those of phorbol esters, the tumor-promoting activity of dihydroteleocidin B was found to be comparable to that of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in vivo. Teleocidin from Streptomyces and lyngbyatoxin A and debromoaplysiatoxin from the marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula induced ornithine decarboxylase activity when painted on mouse skin, their effects being similar to those of dihyroteleocidin B and TPA. 13-cis-Retinoic acid inhibited this ornithine decarboxylase induction when painted on the skin 1 hr before these natural products. These three compounds produced adhesion of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) to the flasks and inhibited differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide. The in vitro biological potencies of teleocidin and lyngbyatoxin A were almost as great as those of dihydroteleocidin B and TPA, but that of debromoaplysiatoxin was much weaker. PMID- 6791165 TI - Cellular, molecular, and genetic characteristics of T cell reactivity to collagen in man. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis is significantly associated with the HLA determinant HLA DRw4 and cell-mediated reactivity to collagen. To determine if genes linked to those coding for HLA-DRw4 constituted immune response genes for collagen reactivity, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis, 13 individuals with other arthropathies, and 41 normal individuals were compared for their ability to synthesize the lymphokine leukocyte inhibition factor in response to denatured bovine collagen. All individuals were responsive to the control antigen Candida albicans. While 90% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis responded to collagen, so did 30% of the individuals without rheumatoid arthritis. This included 15 normal individuals without any evidence of arthritis. Collagen responsiveness was dependent on interactions between T cells and macrophages was dependent on interactions between T cells and macrophages and was directed against determinants expressed by primary amino acid sequences in the synthetic polypeptide (Gly-Pro)n. HLA-DRw typing of 59 individuals revealed a highly significant relationship (P less than 0.0001, chi 2 = 33.7) between HLA-DRw4 and collagen responsiveness, irrespective of whether or not rheumatoid arthritis was present. All normal individuals who were HLA-DRw4-positive were collagen responders. These studies demonstrate that the cellular, molecular, and genetic characteristics of collagen reactivity in man parallel those documented for the T cell-dependent response to antigens under immune response gene control in rodents. PMID- 6791166 TI - Conditioning of leg position in normal and mutant Drosophila. AB - Individual Drosophila melanogaster, with or without heads, can be trained to lift their legs to avoid electric shock. This behavior is similar to the operant conditioning previously demonstrated in intact and headless cockroaches. More than 90% of headless wild-type flies learned to our criterion. In contrast, three mutants (dunce, cabbage, and turnip), originally selected for failure to learn in an olfactory discrimination paradigm, tended to perform poorly in this new learning situation. The difference in learning behavior between normal and mutant flies is distinguishable in individuals and may be useful for mosaic analysis. PMID- 6791167 TI - Oxygen transport and the sickle cell. PMID- 6791168 TI - Current understanding of the complexity of the HLA antigen system. AB - The beneficial effect of HLA matching in allotransplantation and the associations of HLA antigens with a variety of diseases are probably manifestations of a more basic function of self-discrimination and immune regulation served by the HLA complex. Despite these important conceptual advances, the specific HLA determinants and the exact mechanisms which favor allograft survival are still undetermined, as are the mechanisms of disease susceptibility conferred by the HLA complex. The currently recognized HLA loci may be only the top of a larger iceberg, and it is likely that additional important loci and functions will be defined in time to come. PMID- 6791169 TI - The role of T lymphocytes in human erythropoiesis. PMID- 6791170 TI - Alteration of uracil-DNA glycosylase activity by uracil dimers in DNA. PMID- 6791171 TI - [Left posterior fascicular block, isolated or associated with right branch block. Electro-vectorcardiographic aspects]. PMID- 6791172 TI - Glycoproteins behaviour in ankylopoietic spondylarthritis. AB - Glycoproteins behaviour in ankylopoietic spondylarthritis (SA) is studied by dosing sialic acid in blood and urine on 12 patients in comparison with 10 rheumatoid polyarthritis (RP) and 39 other nonspecific osteo-articular disease cases; the values are referred to those found on normal persons. A significant statistic increase of the sialic acid is found in SA. There are also comparatively studied, on the same lots of patients, the ratio albumin/globulin (A/G), the values of the proteinaemia, of the globulins and the blood sedimentation rate (BSR). PMID- 6791173 TI - Endocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. III. Special reference on the interrelations between the prostaglandin and kallikrein-kinin systems. AB - In the present paper, the involvement of the renal kallikrein-kinin system in the pathogenic mechanism of essential hypertension is discussed in the larger framework of the complex hormonal actions of prostaglandins (PGs), catecholamines, renin and angiotensins in the long-term control of arterial blood pressure and sodium metabolism. An attempt is also made to emphasize the role of the cerebral renin-angiotensin system in this pathogenic mechanism. To better understand the problems raised in this paper, the concomitant consultation of two previously published papers [88], [89] is recommended. PMID- 6791174 TI - [The non-specific pharmacodynamic action of chronic treatment with reserpine-like neuroadrenergic system antagonist (Raunervil) on the stability of sexual function]. PMID- 6791175 TI - A comparative study of the immunogenicity of some penicillins and of their cross reactions. AB - The immunogenicity of four penicillin preparations was comparatively investigated by titration of penicilloyl (PO) specific hemagglutinating antibodies found in sera of rabbits inoculated with equimolecular amounts of these penicillins incorporated in Freund incomplete adjuvant. Benzylpenicillin (BP) was shown to be endowed with the highest immunogenicity, while oxacillin (OX), ampicillin (AM) and Amoxil (AX) were found significantly less immunogenic. By examining comparatively the titers of hemagglutination reactions given by the sera of each animal with erythrocytes coated with the penicillin used for its immunization as well as with the other penicillins investigated, important cross immunological reactions were found in all of the cases. Interestingly, the cross reactions produced by AM- and AX-specific antisera with heterologous penicillins were apparently higher than the reactions obtained with the homologous penicillin. No significant differences were found concerning the ability of the four penicillins to form PO conjugates with BGG. Thus, the differences in immunogenicity exhibited by the four penicillin preparations may not be explained in this way. PMID- 6791176 TI - Limbic lesions and the blocking effect. PMID- 6791177 TI - Relationship between functional supersensitivity and extent of denervation of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6791179 TI - Differential influence of lipoproteins isolated from women and men on the activity of the PGI2 synthetase activity. AB - We have found a correlation between the activity of the PGI2 synthetase in the microsomal fraction of pig aorta and the amount of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the incubation fluid. The reverse was true for low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. These correlations exist independently of whether the lipoproteins were isolated from men than from women as it is for HDL isolated from women than from men. This result may give an explanation for the differential risk against the incidence of cardiovascular disease between women and men at the same concentration of the individual lipoproteins in their blood. PMID- 6791178 TI - Indomethacin inhibition of intralipid-induced lung dysfunction. AB - Intralipid-related pulmonary alterations have been attributed to hyperlipemia. To better quantitate and explain these alterations, Intralipid (0.4 gm/kg over one hour) was infused into three groups of rabbits and saline into a fourth group. Group I had normal lung function; Groups II-IV were pretreated with oleic acid and Group III also received indomethacin. Serum triglyceride (TG) levels, arterial (a) and end-tidal (A) PCO2 and PO2 were measured at baseline and then hourly for six hours. There was no ventilatory deterioration in Group I despite a peak TG level of 638 mg/dl. In Group II there was an Intralipid-related PaO2 decrease of 11-13 mmHg (p less than .01) and a delta AaPO2 increase of 16 mmHg (p less than .01); both returned to baseline without significant TG normalization. Since indomethacin prevented these PaO2 and delta AaPO2 changes despite a significant TG increase, the effects of Intralipid appear not to be TG-related but rather to be related to PG-mediated alterations in pulmonary vasomotor tone. Our results are most consistent with a net increase in vasodilating prostaglandins and resultant hypoxemia secondary to unblocking of baseline hypoxic vasoconstriction. PMID- 6791180 TI - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid by the rat ovary. AB - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) from 14C-arachidonic acid was studied using homogenates of the ovaries from immature rats. In ascending order of metabolizing potency were, the ovaries from untreated rats, from rats treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS), and from PMS-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treated rats. Among the radioactive metabolites extracted, PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 were purified and identified by silicic acid column-, thin layer-, reversed phase partition chromatographies, and radiogaschromatography. Production of PGE2 and 6 keto PGF1 was observed in homogenates of the ovaries of intact and PMS-hCG treated rats at conversion rates of 0.72; 0.43% and 7.62; 2.31%, but not by PMS treated rat ovaries. Treatment with PMS-hCG activated metabolism of arachidonic acid into radioactive metabolites including PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 to a large extent. Accordingly, it is concluded that luteinizing hormone and hCG play a significant role in the biosynthesis of PGs by the rat ovarian follicle. PMID- 6791181 TI - The contemporary menopause. PMID- 6791182 TI - Menstrual abnormalities during adolescence. AB - A thorough understanding of the events and hormonal changes which accompany puberty can be successfully utilized to diagnose adolescent menstrual disorders. Knowledge regarding the maturational events within the hypothalamic-pituitary ovarian axis and the expected times at which positive feedback leading to ovulation occurs is helpful in the design of optimal therapeutic regimens. It should be emphasized that the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is extremely sensitive to low doses of estrogen and suppression may hinder maturation to normal cyclic activity. Therefore, forms of therapy other than oral contraceptives should be sought and prescribed for adolescents with menstrual disorders. PMID- 6791183 TI - [Myoclonic seizures induced by writing, calculation with figures and constructive acts--with special reference to "neuropsychological EEG activation" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791184 TI - [Myoclonic seizures induced by decision making and psychic tension--with special reference to the findings obtained by neuropsychological EEG activation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791185 TI - Symposium: Emanuel Peterfreund on information and systems theory. PMID- 6791187 TI - Interpretation as devotion: Freud's relation to rabbinic hermeneutics. PMID- 6791186 TI - Coping with cancer: Freud's experiences. PMID- 6791188 TI - Genetic aspects of the borderline conditions. PMID- 6791189 TI - Parallel worlds. PMID- 6791190 TI - Picturing the Freudian unconscious. PMID- 6791191 TI - Conflict resolution in Hesse's fiction. PMID- 6791192 TI - Vanadium: a possible aetiological factor in manic depressive illness. AB - The effect of Vitamin C in manic-depressive psychosis was assessed by a double blind, placebo controlled, crossover trial. Both manic and depressed patients were significantly better following a single 3 g dose of Vitamin C than following a placebo. Preliminary results of a double-blind, crossover comparison of normal vanadium intake with reduced intake in manic and depressed subjects are reported. Both manic and depressed patients were significantly better on reduced intake. These results are in keeping with the suggestion that vanadium may be an aetiological factor in manic depressive illness. PMID- 6791193 TI - Continuation therapy with lithium and amitriptyline in unipolar depressive illness: a controlled clinical trial. A report by the Medical Research Council Drug Trials Subcommittee. PMID- 6791194 TI - Immunogenetics and schizophrenia. PMID- 6791195 TI - Monoamine oxidase inhibitor efficacy in depression and the "cheese effect". PMID- 6791196 TI - Continuous infusion of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) in patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - LHRH was administered by continuous 4-hour intravenous infusion to 14 anorexia nervosa patients on a refeeding programme. Infusions were repeated in 7 patients following weight gain and in 4 after a course of bromocriptine. Five healthy female volunteers in the early or mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle served as controls. The LH response was diminished in patients at 65% standard weight, but was of progressively increasing magnitude in patients at 80% and 95% standard weight. The pattern of LH response to the 4-hour infusion was suggestive of a deficient stimulation by endogenous LHRH in patients at extremely low weights, and of an impaired oestrogen feedback mechanism in patients at intermediate weights. Bromocriptine enhanced the LH response on one occasion in patient with moderately elevated plasma HPR values, but failed to produce a similar effect when given to 3 patients with normal HPR levels. The mean FSH response did not differ significantly between patients in different weight categories, although those at 65% standard weight had a markedly greater variance of response. Plasma oestradiol values were lower in patients at 65% standard weight than in those at higher weights. PMID- 6791197 TI - The effect of multiple rising doses of Ro 11-2465 (serotonin uptake inhibitor) on serotonin content of human platelets. AB - Ro 11-2465, a cyanide derivative of imipramine with serotonin uptake inhibitory properties, was investigated in six healthy volunteers for its effect on serotonin concentration in blood platelets. The initial dose was 1 mg daily, the maximum dose of 3 mg being reached on day 3 and maintained for 7 days. A significant decrease in the platelet serotonin concentration was not observed until 3 days after the start of drug administration, after which depletion was rapid. After 5 days of treatment, the reduction was about 80% compared to pre drug level. Serotonin restoration after drug withdrawal was very slow, and 5 days after discontinuation, it was still 70% below its baseline level. PMID- 6791198 TI - Threshold differences for naloxone and naltrexone in the hypothalamus and midbrain using fixed ratio brain self-stimulation in rats. AB - Rats were implanted with stimulating electrodes aimed either at the medial forebrain bundle-lateral hypothalamus (MFB-LH) or the midbrain-central gray (MID GG), and were trained to lever-press for brain self-stimulation on a fixed ratio: 15 schedule of reinforcement. The dose-dependent effects of morphine (0.1-3.0 mg/kg), naloxone (0.1-30 mg/kg), and naltrexone (0.1-30 mg/kg) were then determined during 1 h test sessions. Both naloxone and naltrexone decreased the rate of responding in the MFB-LH as well as in the MID-CG. However, decrements in response rates were produced in the MID-CG by both naloxone and naltrexone at one tenth the doses required to produce similar decrements with electrodes in the MFB LH. Dose-dependent decreases in response rates produced morphine occurred at the same doses in the two electrode sites. At both sites, the decreases in response rates produced by the highest dose of morphine were antagonized completely by a low dose of naloxone (0.1 mg/kg). At an intermediate dose of naloxone (1.0 mg/kg), antagonism occurred in the MFB-LH but not in the MID-CG. At a high dose of naloxone (10 mg/kg), a depression in lever-pressing occurred at both sites in the morphine-treated animal indicating that the depressive action predominated over antagonism. These data explain the lack of consistency of the effects of naloxone on brain self-stimulation previously reported by different laboratories, and demonstrate that the use of partial reinforcement schedules in a rational approach to the evaluation of opioid effects on brain self-stimulation behavior. PMID- 6791199 TI - Self-stimulation and amphetamine: tolerance to d and l isomers and cross tolerance to cocaine and methylphenidate. AB - The effects of the d and l isomers of amphetamine on self-stimulation responding were tested following acute and chronic administration. Tolerance and post-drug depression of responding occurred in tests with both isomers, indicating no role for p-hydroxynorephedrine (PHN) which is one of the metabolites of d-amphetamine. In the second experiment, d-amphetamine, methylphenidate and cocaine all produced quantitatively and qualitatively similar effects on self-stimulation responding following acute administration. Following chronic administration of d amphetamine, animals showed tolerance to all three drugs, indicating cross tolerance among them. These data are consistent with an hypothesis that tolerance and post-drug depression following chronic amphetamine treatment are the result of decreases in postsynaptic receptor sensitivity, which would lead to a decreased effectiveness of all three drugs, regardless of their pre-synaptic mechanisms. PMID- 6791200 TI - The effects of haloperidol on the EEG spectrum. AB - A placebo-controlled study with six normal volunteers was carried out using 1 mg haloperidol IM. In some EEG frequency bands, the power density due to haloperidol appeared to increase or decrease depending on the subject. Nevertheless, if the results of the six subjects are taken together, the effects of haloperidol are in agreement with the literature. No correlation was found between plasma concentration of haloperidol and EEG response. Some methodological problems are discussed. PMID- 6791201 TI - Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics. A crossover study with single doses of amitriptyline and nortriptyline. AB - Six healthy volunteers were given single doses of amitriptyline (AT) and of nortriptyline (NT) separated by at least 10 days. Plasma concentrations of both compounds were measured at intervals for 48 or 72 h. The total areas under the concentration-time curves for the ingested drug were greater for NT, but AT concentrations showed much higher peak values and took more than 12 h to reach the terminal beta phase of elimination. Doses of 50 mg AT produced areas averaging slightly less than half those for 100 mg AT in the same subject, suggesting some saturation of the elimination process. The consumption of a large, fatty meal just before taking the AT tablets had little effect on the plasma drug concentration curves. NT half-lives, measured after ingestion of NT tablets, were used in analysing the production of NT from doses of AT in the same subject. There was a rapid early production, amounting to 30-67% of the total and presumably resulting from the first pass of AT through the liver. NT was then formed continuously at a rate always proportional to the simultaneous rate of AT elimination. The total amount of NT entering the systemic circulation was about one-quarter of the AT dose. PMID- 6791202 TI - Tyramine infusions and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment. I. Changes in pressor sensitivity. AB - The enhanced sensitivity to the pressor effects of tyramine, an indirect-aging sympathomimetic found abundantly in the diet, is a well-known potentially dangerous side effect occurring during treatment with commonly used non-selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. The effects of treatment with the selective MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline and the partially selective MAO-B inhibitors pargyline and deprenyl on tyramine's pressor effects were studied in depressed patients using an IV steady-state tyramine infusion technique. After 4 weeks of treatment, clorgyline produced a significantly greater increase in tyramine sensitivity in comparison to a medication-free baseline (29-fold) than did pargyline (12-fold) or deprenyl (1.7-fold). The pressor effects of tyramine were significantly prolonged after cessation of infusion during both clorgyline and pargyline, but not deprenyl treatment. These data from IV tyramine administrations suggest that intestinal MAO inhibition is not the major determinant of the enhanced tyramine pressor sensitivity produced by clorgyline and pargyline. PMID- 6791203 TI - Amitriptyline pharmacokinetics. Single doses of Lentizol compared with ordinary amitriptyline tablets. AB - Two separate single doses of Lentizol (W. R. Warner, Pontypool, U.K.), a sustained-release preparation of amitriptyline (AT) were taken by each of six healthy subjects. Plasma concentrations of AT and of nortriptyline (NT) were determined at intervals over a period of 48 or 72 h. Faeces were collected and their drug content measured. Results were compared with those obtained when the same subjects took ordinary AT tablets. AT was found in the faeces after the ingestion of Lentizol or of ordinary AT tablets. However, after NT tablets negligible amounts of NT appeared in the faeces. AT was sometimes absorbed slowly from Lentizol, but on other occasions it was absorbed as rapidly as from ordinary tablets. Plasma levels of AT 24 h after the dose were usually not higher after Lentizol than after an equal dose of ordinary tablets. The systemic bioavailability of Lentizol as judged by areas under the plasma concentration time curves, both for AT and for the NT formed metabolically, was on average lower than that of the ordinary tablets. However, the amounts of AT found in the faeces were not large enough to account for the AT area reduction by simple failure of absorption. Possible explanations of the discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6791204 TI - Assessment of naltrexone in the treatment of schizophrenia. AB - Naltrexone, a long acting opiate antagonist, and placebo were administered to eight schizophrenics in doses of 200 mg per day for 1 week in a double-blind, crossover design. No improvement was noted, and no side effects resembling the opiate withdrawal syndrome with naltrexone were found. Naltrexone does not appear to alter schizophrenic symptomatology. PMID- 6791205 TI - Pavlovian control of cross-tolerance between pentobarbital and ethanol. AB - Tolerance to several effects of a number of drugs has been shown to depend on Pavlovian conditioning processes. Experiment I extended the compensatory conditioning model (Siegel 1975) to tolerance to the hypothermic effect of pentobarbital (30 mg/kg). In Experiment I, rats that acquired hypothermic tolerance in one environment did not display tolerance when tested in an environment not previously associated with drug administration. In Experiment II, rats were made tolerant to the hypothermic effect of pentobarbital (30 mg/kg) and tested for cross-tolerance to ethanol (2.5 g/kg). Cross-tolerance was observed, but it was significantly reduced if the test was in an environment different from the one in which tolerance to pentobarbital was originally acquired. Thus, the compensatory conditioning model accounts for at least part of the tolerance and cross-tolerance to the thermic effects of alcohol and pentobarbital. The physiological processes in the CNS underlying tolerance and cross-tolerance for these drugs, therefore, are controlled by associative processes. PMID- 6791207 TI - Involvement of the amygdala in the effect of antidepressants on the passive avoidance deficit in bulbectomised rats. AB - In the present study the role of the amygdala is demonstrated in the effect of antidepressant drugs on passive avoidance learning in bulbectomised rats. Imipramine, amitriptyline, or fluoxetine injected bilaterally (2 X 10 microgram) into the medial part of the amygdala improves passive avoidance learning by bulbectomised rats. Systemic pretreatment with metergoline attenuates the effect of local imipramine or fluoxetine injection. Microinjection of serotonin but not noradrenaline into the amygdala improves passive avoidance learning by bulbectomised rats. The relevance of the amygdala in the behavioral effects of antidepressants in animals is discussed. PMID- 6791206 TI - Brain site variations in effects of morphine on electrical self-stimulation. AB - Pairs of bipolar electrodes were stereotaxically aimed at two of three sites: the locus coeruleus (LC), the substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNC), and the median forebrain bundle (MFB). Rats were shaped to bar-press for trains of intracranial electrical stimulation presented as pairs of monophasic pulses. The first pulse of a pair (the C, conditioning pulse) was followed by a second pulse (the T, test pulse) after a parametrically varied interval. The effects of chronic morphine administration were tested in a paradigm of 7 days saline, 7 days morphine, 1 day morphine+naloxone, and 6 days post-drug saline. High doses of morphine (5 mg/kg) depressed response rates for intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS). LC placements and those just lateral or ventral to the LC showed large increases in ICSS rates under morphine (2.5 mg/kg). This area was delimited on either side by tips that showed response rate depressions under morphine. MFB placements yielded response rate facilitations under morphine. Sites medial to the MFB and ventral within the MFB showed rate depressions under morphine. Dorsal substantia nigra placements showed facilitated rates, whereas placements ventral within the SNC and substantia nigra, pars reticulata (SNR) produced more variable results, with rates tending to be depressed by morphine. The ICSS procedure may be a useful animal model for detecting the abuse potential of drugs. PMID- 6791208 TI - Differential effects of IV and IP muscimol on central dopamine metabolism. AB - The effect of IV and IP muscimol on the concentrations of dopamine (DA) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic pathways has been studied. IV muscimol (2 mg/kg), produced significant decreases in the concentration of DA in both DA systems, while the concentration of DOPAC remained unaltered. However, IP muscimol (5 and 10 mg/kg) caused significant increases in the concentrations of DA or DOPAC in all brain regions examined. Our results suggest differential actions of muscimol on DA metabolism dependent upon the route of administration. PMID- 6791209 TI - Qualitative analysis of scopolamine-induced amnesia. AB - The neurochemistry of memory remains to be determined. Acetylcholine may be one of the neuotransmitters which mediates memory function, since the anticholinergic drug scopolamine produces amnesia in man. This study of scopolamine-induced memory deficits further defines those cognitive processes which are disrupted. The drug does not diminish attention, as assessed with an auditory vigilance task, or initial signal detection. More complex auditory decoding is affected, however. Scopolamine impairs aspects of initial memory acquisition (e. g., encoding and consolidation) and spontaneous memory retrieval. Retention is unaffected. Precise delineation of the neurochemistry of human memory will require comparative studies of amnesia-producing compounds, systematically examining the neuropsychological processes impaired by each. PMID- 6791210 TI - Tyramine infusions and selective monoamine oxidase inhibitor treatment. II. Interrelationships among pressor sensitivity changes, platelet MAO inhibition, and plasma MHPG reduction. AB - The relationship between changes in IV tyramine pressor sensitivity accompanying selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor treatment and estimates of MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition in vivo were studied. Reductions in platelet MAO activity provided an index of MAO-B inhibition, while changes in plasma 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenethylene glycol (MHPG) were used as an hypothesized reflection of MAO A inhibition. Chronic treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline and the MAO-B inhibitor pargyline showed significant inhibition of the alternate MAO enzyme as well, although this crossover effect was greater for pargyline than clorgyline. The MAO-B inhibitor deprenyl appeared to maintain the greatest degree of MAO inhibition selectivity in vivo. Tyramine pressor sensitivity changes accompanying administration of the MAO inhibitors were highly correlated with decreases in plasma MHPG (r = 0.92), supporting our previous data indicating the rank order of clorgyline greater than pargyline greater than deprenyl for enhancement of tyramine pressor sensitivity and, thus, suggesting that tyramine potentiation is primarily a function of MAO-A rather than MAO-B inhibition. Changes in plasma MHPG are suggested to provide a potentially useful clinical index of in vivo MAO A inhibition. PMID- 6791211 TI - Cholinergic influences on escape deficits produced by uncontrollable stress. AB - A series of experiments assessed the potential role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the escape interference produced by inescapable shock. Treatment with the anticholinesterase, physostigmine, successfully mimicked the effects of inescapable shock. That is, the drug disrupted performance when escape was prevented for 6 s on any given trial, thereby necessitating sustained active responding. When escape was possible upon shock onset, the drug treatment did not influence performance. The centrally acting anticholinergic scopolamine hydrobromide antagonized the effects of physostigmine, and when administered prior to escape testing antagonized the disruptive effects of previously administered inescapable shock. In contrast, the peripherally acting agent scopolamine methylbromide did not influence the effects of these treatments, suggesting that the effects of physostigmine and inescapable shock involved central ACh changes. Scopolamine hydrobromide administered prior to inescapable shock did not prevent the escape interference from subsequently appearing, but this effect could not be attributed to state dependence. It was argued that the interference of escape following uncontrollable stress was due to non-associative motor deficits. Alterations of the escape deficits by scopolamine were due to elimination of the motor disruption. PMID- 6791213 TI - Effects of 4-hydroxy, 4-phenyl, caproamide on pentylenetetrazol-induced amnesia. AB - Early reports suggest a relationship between pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions (PTZ) and amnesia. 4,-Hydroxy,4-phenyl caproamide (YPCA) is potently anti-convulsant against PTZ-induced convulsions. The purpose of these experiments is to show the possible role of PTZ in these amnestic effects. Experiment 1 proves YPCA antagonism of PTZ-induced convulsions in mice. Experiment 2 shows how YPCA, injected before PTZ and after animal training, protects against convulsions, leaving memory storage unaffected. However, when YPCA is injected before training (10 and 5 min) and PTZ 15 min afterwards (5 and 10 min after training), a retention impairment was observed. The results are discussed in terms that emphasize the need of convulsions in retrograde amnesia. Experiment 3 shows that foot shock is necessary for passive avoidance acquisition. Experiment 4 shows that subconvulsive doses of PTZ (5,10,20, and 40 mg/kg-1) have no effect on memory. PMID- 6791212 TI - The alcohol facilitation effect on memory: a dose-response study. AB - Sixteen normal male subjects participated in four sessions where they studied a set of pictures followed by either placebo, 0.025, 0.50, or 1.0 ml/kg alcohol. Later, when sober, recognition memory was tested. These doses resulted in peak blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) of 0.00, 0.018, 0.034, and 0.067 g/100 ml, respectively. The 1.0 and 0.50 ml/kg doses significantly improved memory for pictures studied before drinking. Alcohol appears to enhance memory directly rather than indirectly via a reduction in interference. It is suggested that a particular phase of the rising blood alcohol curve (0.02-0.03 g/100 ml) facilitates trace consolidation. The facilitating and possibly excitatory effects of alcohol may be important for understanding the rewarding aspects of drinking. PMID- 6791214 TI - The anticonvulsant effect of phencyclidine in rats. AB - Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP), injected subcutaneously into rats 30 min before exposure to the chemical convulsant flurothyl, raised seizure thresholds in a dose-related manner. The narcotic antagonist naloxone was ineffective in blocking the PCP-induced effect. This anti-convulsant property of PCP is like that previously reported for the narcotic agonist-antagonists cyclazocine and SKF 10,047 (N-allylnormetazocine), which also resemble PCP in their ability to induce psychotomimetic behavior. The data support the idea that these three drugs act on the same receptors. PMID- 6791215 TI - Y-maze behavior in the mouse after morphine or an enkephalin analog. AB - The effects of morphine and an enkephalin analog on murine Y-maze behavior were examined. Vehicle-treated groups primarily showed an alternation response, entering the least recently visited alley of the maze. Treatment with morphine or the analog caused significantly reduced alternation, i.e., arms were entered with equal probability. Naloxone alone had no significant behavioral effects, but eliminated the behavioral effects of morphine and enkephalin. PMID- 6791216 TI - Drug-associated psychiatric disturbances in medical inpatients. PMID- 6791217 TI - Prediction of steady state plasma and saliva levels of desmethylimipramine using a single dose, single time point procedure. AB - In normal volunteer study (20 subjects) where each ingested 75 mg desmethylimipramine (DMI), blood and saliva samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 24, and 32 h post dose. Each subject then was given DMI 25 mg b.i.d. for 15 days. Blood and saliva samples were collected on days 3, 4, 12, 13, 14, and 15. All samples were analyzed for total DMI content. Strong correlations were found between the blood samples collected 12, 24, and 32 h post dose (r = 0.93, 0.96, 0.95) and saliva samples collected 24 and 32 h post single dose (r = 0.91, 0.84) and the subjects' respective steady states. Although the correlation between blood and saliva levels was weaker (r = 0.7) because of considerable interindividual variation in the saliva/plasma DMI ratio (16-fold variation), this ratio in individual subjects was stable. These data suggest that, as has been shown for other psychotropic drugs, single blood measures at 24 h post ingestion of 75 mg DMI can be used to predict optimal dosage in individual patients. Acceptable predictions of steady state plasma levels were obtained when this technique was applied to patient data available in the literature. It is also suggested that if the saliva/plasma ratio is established for each individual patient, their drug level monitoring may be possible using this noninvasive approach. PMID- 6791218 TI - 3H-Flupenthixol binding in post-mortem brains of schizophrenics: evidence for a selective increase in dopamine D2 receptors. AB - The binding of 3H-cis flupenthixol (3H-FPT) to dopamine receptors in membrane preparations from control subjects and schizophrenics was studied. Using a fixed concentration of 3H-FPT, no differences were observed between controls and all schizophrenics, although 3H-FPT binding was increased in schizophrenics who apparently were drug-free at the time of death. Scatchard analysis of 3H-FPT binding revealed that in drug-treated schizophrenics both the number of binding sites (BM) and the dissociation constant (KD) were increased, whilst in drug-free schizophrenics only the BM was increased. Using domperidone to differentiate 3H FPT binding to D1 and D2 dopamine sites, it was found that only D2 sites were increased in drug-free schizophrenics. The results are discussed with reference to previous studies on dopamine receptors in schizophrenia, and the effects of neuroleptic treatment. It is suggested that a selective increase in D2 receptors may be associated with the disease process in schizophrenia. PMID- 6791221 TI - Enduring behavioural and biochemical effects in the adult rat after prolonged postnatal administration of haloperidol. AB - Rats were administered 0.5 mg/kg SC of haloperidol (H) or saline (S) daily from day 1 after birth until 20 days of age. At 60 days of age (40 days after the postnatal treatment with H or S was interrupted) the stereotyped behaviour and the effects on locomotor activity elicited by apomorphine in S- and H-pretreated rats were investigated. The intensity of apomorphine (0.5--1 mg/kg, SC)-induced stereotyped behaviour was significantly greater in the H-pretreated group than in S-pretreated animals and this was accompanied by a much more marked reduction of locomotor activity in H-pretreated than in S-pretreated rats. Finally, at 80 days of age (60 days after the postnatal treatment with H or S was interrupted) rats were subjected to a Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates schedule (DRL 15-s). The results indicate that the acquisition of the DRL task performance criterion (Rs/Rf less than or equal to 2.5) was significantly more rapid on S-pretreated rats than in H-pretreated ones. In parallel biochemical experiments, acute H produced smaller increases in dopamine turnover in chronic H-treated rats compared with S-treated controls. These data indicate that H treatment in neonatal rats induces behavioural and biochemical changes which can be observed up to 60 days after H withdrawal. PMID- 6791219 TI - A dual role for GABA in quasi-morphine abstinence behavior induced by di-n propylacetate involving both initiation and termination. AB - Di-n-propylacetate (DPA) induces a behavioral syndrome in rats resembling morphine abstinence behavior. The inhibitory action of DPA on GABA degradation, resulting in an enhanced release of GABA, is probably responsible for this behavioral effect, since GABA antagonists, like bicuculline and picrotoxin, have been shown to suppress this behavior. However, the time-course of the DPA-induced behavior is much shorter than that of the DPA-induced increase of GABA concentrations. Therefore, we have studied the influence of enhanced GABA levels caused by a first injection of DPA and the behavior evoked by a second injection of DPA at different time intervals after the first injection. The results indicate that GABA fulfills a role in both the initiation and termination of DPA induced behavior. The mechanism responsible for this dual action of GABA is ascribed to a differential sensitivity to DPA of the nerve terminal and glial metabolic compartments of GABA in the brain. The increase of GABA in the nerve terminal caused by DPA is probably responsible for the initiation of the quasi abstinence behavior, whereas the overflow of GABA into the synaptic cleft may be responsible for the suppression of this behavior via stimulation of presynaptic autoreceptors. Another mechanism responsible for the rapid termination of the DPA evoked behavior could be the formation of DPA metabolites which antagonize this behavior. From the results of experiments using some primary metabolites of DPA, a role for these metabolites in the termination of the DPA-induced behavior seems unlikely. PMID- 6791220 TI - Facilitation of shock-induced fighting following intraventricular 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine and 6-hydroxydopa. AB - Using a 15-s intershock interval, an increase in shock-induced fighting was observed following intraventricular 96 microgram 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7 DHT) and 90 microgram 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHdopa). The incidence of predatory mouse killing was enhanced by 5,7-DHT, but was not affected by 6-OHdopa. Pain sensitivity was increased by 6-OHdopa, but both neurotoxins produced hyperreactivity to footshock. Specific serotonin depletion was produced by 5,7 DHT and norepinephrine depletion by 6-OHdopa. The increase in shock-induced fighting could not be predicted on the basis of monoamine depletion alone, since a long intershock interval was necessary to observe this increase. PMID- 6791222 TI - Correlation of thiothixene serum levels and age. AB - Two experiments are reported in which acute single test dose levels of thiothixene (Navane) were correlated with age. In the first study 20 mg oral doses were given to 28 male subjects and serum levels were drawn 2 h later. Mean age was 30 and correlation of serum level with age was 0.43, P less than 0.02. In a second older group with a mean age of 41, 10 mg oral doses were given to 25 subjects. A correlation with age of 0.41, P less than 0.05 was obtained with age. In prior work such acute levels have been found to correlate with steady-state serum levels and with clinical response to the medication. Few side-effects were seen in these populations and no correlations were obtained between serum levels and any side-effects. PMID- 6791223 TI - Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on avoidance conditioning in high- and low avoidance rat strains. AB - Two lines of rats selected for high- and low-avoidance performance consumed a nutritious liquid diet containing 35% ethanol-derived calories through days 5--18 of gestation. Control dams were pair-fed an identical liquid diet except for isocaloric substitution of sucrose for ethanol or ad libitum laboratory chow and water. Subsequently, the offspring of the low-avoider dams fed ethanol were found to be impaired ona two-way shock-avoidance conditioning when compared to the pair fed and ad libitum controls from the same line. In contrast, the offspring of the high-avoider dams fed ethanol displayed similar levels of avoidance, responding to their controls. These results demonstrate that the effects on avoidance conditioning of in utero ethanol exposure are dependent upon the line of rat studied. PMID- 6791224 TI - A multivariate analysis of some operant variables used in behavioral pharmacology. PMID- 6791225 TI - Chronic treatment with some atypical antidepressants increases the brain level of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) in rats. AB - We examined the effects of some atypical antidepressants with central antiserotonergic activity (mianserin, trazodone, danitracen, pizotifen), and 5-HT receptor blocking agents (cyproheptadine and metergoline), on whole rat brain levels of the main noradrenaline (NA) metabolite, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). In acute experiments, when drugs were injected in a single dose 1, 2, 4, 24 or 48 h before decapitation, only mianserin elevated the MHPG level. In chronic experiments (drugs given b. i. d. for 3 weeks, the last dose being given 4 or 48 h before decapitation), all the drugs significantly increased the concentration of whole brain MHPG. The results indicate that chronic administration of atypical antidepressants leads to activation of the central NA system. It seems, with the exception of mianserin, that this is a secondary phenomenon, resulting from the antiserotonergic activity of the drugs. Our results further corroborate the existence of a serotonergic-noradrenergic interaction, consisting of an inhibitory influence of serotonin on the noradrenergic system. PMID- 6791226 TI - Drug preference and mood in humans: preference for d-amphetamine and subject characteristics. AB - Forty-five normal, young, adult volunteers participated in a nine-session experiment. During the first four sessions, they received alternately 5 mg d amphetamine or placebo. During the next five sessions, they chose between amphetamine and placebo. On the basis of the choice results, subjects retrospectively were divided into the following three groups: (1) five of five drug choices (N = 16); (2) four of five drug choices (N = 12); and (3) 0--3 of five drug choices (N = 17). There was an overall average of 3.76 drug choices per subject. These groups were compared by demographic characteristics, drug use history, and several personality measures, but none predicted drug choice. However, subjects who chose drug on every occasion had significantly higher predrug scores on the anxiety, depression, and confusion subscales of the Profile of Mood States (POMS). The functional relationship between initial dysphoria and consistent amphetamine choosing remains an intriguing question. PMID- 6791227 TI - Characteristics of chronic self-administration of morphine by dogs. AB - Each of five dogs that had been trained to chronically self-administer IV morphine was tested with changes in the morphine dose from the baseline dose (1 mg/kg/infusion) to 0.125, 0.5, or 2 mg/kg/infusion, and with passive administration of the usual daily morphine intake while either continuing the morphine self-administration at the baseline dose or changing the self administered solution to saline. Each treatment lasted 5 weeks. Results indicated that there is a significant negative regression of response on dose, and chronic self-administration of morphine is not entirely accounted for by a need to avoid abstinence or to obtain a direct drug effect. A third element, which may be an acquired need to obtain a response-contingent drug effect, is necessary to account for the chronic self-administration of morphine by the dog. PMID- 6791229 TI - Increased food and water intake produced in rats by opiate receptor agonists. AB - It has been suggested that endogenous opiate mechanisms may be involved in the physiological control of food and water intake. Support for this hypothesis has been obtained from studies of the effects of narcotic antagonists which reduce feeding and drinking, but it is also necessary to show that food and water intake can be facilitated by opiate agonists. In the present study the food intake of freely-feeding rats was increased by subcutaneous injections of morphine, a stabilised enkephalin and analogue (RX 783030), and ethylketocyclazocine. Water intake was also increased but this effect was more variable than the increased eating. The increased food intake produced by the putative mu receptor agonists morphine and RX 783030 was blocked by a dose of naloxone which did not affect the facilitation of eating produced by ethylketocyclazocine, which may act at a separate population of receptors known as kappa receptors. These data are consistent with the possibility that opiate receptors are involved in the control of feeding and drinking. PMID- 6791228 TI - Effect of chronic amphetamine administration on central dopaminergic mechanisms in the vervet. AB - A biochemical study of central dopaminergic mechanisms was carried out in brain tissue from vervet monkeys who had been subjected to chronic amphetamine administration. The brain concentrations of dopamine (DA) and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were markedly reduced. Significant reductions were also observed in the activities of dopa-decarboxylase (DDC) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A kinetic study of TH revealed a 60% reduction in maximum reaction velocity, consistent with destruction of DA neurones. However, homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations were only moderately reduced, suggesting a nearly normal production of DA. Hence despite the large depletions in DA concentrations, high affinity binding of 3H-spiperone binding to striatal DA receptors was no different from controls. The results are discussed in relation to the amphetamine psychosis in humans. PMID- 6791230 TI - Specific oculomotor deficit after diazepam. I. Saccadic eye movements. AB - Changes in saccadic eye movements before and after up to 10 mg oral diazepam were measured electrooculographically in diazepam-naive humans. Diazepam produced dose dependent increases in saccade duration and decreases in maximum saccade velocity over a 2--36 degrees range of saccade amplitudes. The magnitude of drug-induced changes in saccade performance was proportional to the size of saccadic movement after 10 mg diazepam. Accuracy of saccade, latency to onset of saccade, latency to time of maximum velocity of saccade, and interval between the end of the initial saccade and the start of any corrective saccade were unaffected by the drug. Diazepam-induced changes in saccades were compared to saccades seen in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy reported in the literature, and were contrasted with saccade changes caused by opiates as reported previously. The possible participation of cerebellum in changes in saccadic function after diazepam was discussed. PMID- 6791231 TI - Specific oculomotor deficit after diazepam. II. Smooth pursuit eye movements. AB - Changes in smooth pursuit eye tracking of horizontal sinusoidal target movement before and after up to 10 mg oral diazepam were measured electrooculographically in diazepam-naive humans. Diazepam produced a dose-dependent reduction in gain of pursuit eye movements at target frequencies of 0.4--1.6 Hz. Cross-correlation of eye and track was significantly reduced at most frequencies showing gain reduction after 10 mg diazepam. Eye-target phase relationship was not systematically altered by drug. Visual inspection of smooth pursuit tracking records showed reduced peak-to-peak amplitude of eye tracking along with replacement of smooth pursuit with saccadic pursuit, especially after 10 mg. Changes in smooth pursuit eye tracking after diazepam were similar to those changes reported in the literature associated with olivopontocerebellar atrophy and were quite unlike the changes in smooth pursuit after opiates, as previously reported. The role of cerebellar benzodiazepine binding sites in diazepam disruption of eye tracking was discussed. PMID- 6791232 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors antagonize hypothermia induced by sedative hypnotics. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis through pretreatment with aspirin and other prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (PGSI) significantly reduces CNS sensitivity to a hypnotic dose of ethanol. Indomethacin, a potent PGSI, was administered to male LS, SS, and HS/Ibg mice (65 +/- 10 days of age) 15 min prior to administration of a hypnotic dose of ethanol or pentobarbital. Doses of indomethacin used were identical to those previously reported as optimally antagonizing ethanol-induced sleep. Another group received a vehicle-control injection, while a third group also received a control injection, but were placed in a incubator maintained at 30 +/ 1 degrees C. Body temperatures were recorded periodically for several hours. Both indomethacin and incubation significantly reduced hypothermia induced by ethanol and pentobarbital. Incubation increased sleep time after ethanol, but did not affect pentobarbital sleep time. These results suggest that the hypnotic and hypothermic effects of ethanol, although possibly mediated through prostaglandins, apparently are not causally linked. PMID- 6791233 TI - Morphine dependence in rats assessed in a shock discrimination task. AB - The effects of chronic morphine sulfate (5 mg/kg/day for 14 days) on shock discrimination performance of rats was assessed in Experiment 1. Significant tolerance developed to the disruptive effects of morphine on performance. A significant increase in discrimination performance was found 48 h after the last injection in tests conducted without the injection environment cues present. Ten days after the chronic drug regimen, tests conducted 30 min after exposure to the injection-environment cues revealed no differences between animals previously administered morphine and control animals administered saline. In Experiment II, shock discrimination performance was assessed in a separate group of rats after exposure to a single injection of morphine sulfate (30 mg/kg), which eliminated associative processes, e.g., Pavlovian or instrumental conditioning, as factors in the subsequent behavioral tests for hyperalgesia. Significant changes in discrimination performance (primarily enhanced percent correct to the high shock stimulus) indicative of increased pain sensitivity were obtained in tests conducted 1, 2, and 3, but not 9 days after the injection. These experiments indicate that increased pain sensitivity, as opposed to hyperresponsivity operationally measured in traditional analgesia tests (e.g., hot plate, jump flinch, and tail flick), is a component of morphine withdrawal of a nonassociative origin. PMID- 6791234 TI - Ethanol-amphetamine interaction effects on spontaneous motor activity and fixed interval responding. AB - The spontaneous motor activity (SMA) of rats was recorded after injections of saline, d-amphetamine sulfate (0.8 mg/kg), and ethanol (400, 800, 1200, and 1600 mg/kg). Each drug treatment was given separately, and the amphetamine treatment was also combined with each ethanol dose. Ethanol, when injected without amphetamine, produced a dose-related decrement in SMA. Amphetamine, injected without ethanol, produced an increase in SMA. The combination of ethanol at 400 mg/kg with amphetamine potentiated the amphetamine-stimulant effect, but higher doses of ethanol counteracted amphetamine-produced increment in SMA. In a second experiment, similar combinations of ethanol and amphetamine were administered to rats lever-pressing for food pellets under a fixed-interval reinforcement schedule. The effect of amphetamine alone depended on baseline rate and varied among individual rats. Ethanol had a depressant effect on response rates, but combinations of the two drug treatments produced rates that, in most rats, were higher than after any single drug or saline treatment. PMID- 6791235 TI - Noradrenergic and dopaminergic interactions in escape behavior: analysis of uncontrollable stress effects. AB - The effects of norepinephrine receptor blockade on the deficits of escape behavior induced by haloperidol and by inescapable shock were evaluated. Phenoxybenzamine, the alpha-norepinephrine receptor blocker, was found to enhance escape behavior and to eliminate the disruptive effects of both inescapable shock and haloperidol. In contrast, the beta-norepinephrine receptor antagonist, propranolol, was without effect on behavior under any of these conditions, while the dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, FLA-63, disrupted performance. Like phenoxybenzamine, the norepinephrine receptor stimulant, clonidine, was found to eliminate the behavioral disruption produced by haloperidol. These somewhat paradoxical findings were discussed in terms of the contribution of DA-NE interactions in determining behavioral change in aversive paradigms. PMID- 6791236 TI - Cathinone, an alkaloid from khat leaves with an amphetamine-like releasing effect. AB - Khat leaves, widely used as a stimulant in East Africa and the Arab Peninsula, contain the alkaloid (--)-cathinone. The effects of this substance on the efflux of radioactivity from rabbit striatal slices prelabelled with 3H-dopamine were examined. It was found that low concentrations of (--)cathinone enhance the release of radioactivity in a dose-dependent manner, and that (--)cathinone was capable of sustaining the enhanced release induced by (+)amphetamine. Pretreatment of the tissue with cocaine, which is known to prevent the induction of release by (+)amphetamine, inhibited the efflux increase caused by (--) cathinone. These observations suggest that amphetamine and the active principle of khat leaves have an analogous mechanism of action. PMID- 6791238 TI - Quantification of tremor in rats induced by physostigmine. AB - A simple and accurate device for recording tremor intensity in unanaesthetized and unrestrained rats is described. The physical measures of tremor are shown to have several advantages over previous devices. First, the new apparatus, unlike some earlier ones, does not restrict the animal's movements to an unusually small cage, with weighty mechanical devices or with electrical leads. Second, most earlier methods for measuring tremor use a subjective rating scale. However, the present method uses objective and reliable measures. In a double-blind, illustrative experiment involving complete crossover, Wistar rats were randomly injected IP with physostigmine in doses of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mg/kg or the corresponding amount of 0.9% NaCl solution as control. The recorded tremor intensity showed a clear dose-response relationship for physostigmine. Moreover, linear regression of the dose-response relationship showed that tremor intensity increased linearly with increasing doses of physostigmine. The cholinergic antagonist atropine (0.3 mg/kg SC) antagonized physostigmine-induced tremor, whereas methylatropine (0.3 mg/kg SC) tended to potentiate it. These results show that the technique described is suitable for quantification of tremor intensity in rats and for testing drug interactions on physostigmine-induced tremor. PMID- 6791237 TI - Evidence of a preferential role of brain serotonin in the mechanisms leading to naloxone-precipitated compulsive jumping in morphine-dependent rats. AB - Various drugs acting on brain serotonin or catecholamines were administered concurrently with morphine during the development of dependence or before naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome. Of the various drugs only cyproheptadine, a serotonin antagonist, and piribedil, a dopamine agonist, reduced the frequency of jumping (but not of diarrhea or ptosis) when administered with morphine during development of dependence. When administered before naloxone, d-fenfluramine, a serotonin releaser, markedly reduced jumping, but not diarrhea and ptosis, and clonidine blocked these latter signs without affecting the frequency of jumping. Of the other drugs examined only phenoxybenzamine reduced diarrhea in morphine-abstinent rats. It is suggested that serotonin is involved in the mechanisms which lead to compulsive jumping during naloxone-precipitated withdrawal, whereas adrenergic sites on which clonidine acts are mainly involved in the expression of signs, such as ptosis and diarrhea. No clear evidence was obtained of a role for dopamine in the withdrawal signs studied. PMID- 6791239 TI - The partial reinforcement extinction effect: influence of chlordiazepoxide in septal lesioned rats. AB - Rats sustained electrolytic lesions either in the medial septal (MS) or lateral septal (LS) area or they were sham-operated. They were tested in the straight alley with food reward on either continuous (CRF) or partial (PRF) reinforcement at one trial a day and were injected with either 5 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide HCl (CDP) or with saline before the daily trial throughout the acquisition and extinction. The effects of the drug on resistance to extinction interacted with those of the LS lesion in ways which were consistent with the hypothesis that CDP acts via the lateral septal area if it is injected during acquisition on a PRF schedule. MS lesions produced only small changes in the effects of CDP. In general, CDP acted to reverse the effects produced by each lesion: Under those conditions in which MS lesions produced faster running speeds, CDP caused the lesioned animals to run slower; and under those conditions in which LS lesions produced slower running speeds, CDP caused the lesioned animals to run faster. PMID- 6791240 TI - Leri's pleonosteosis. AB - Seven members of one family with Leri's pleonosteosis are reported. The abnormalities found provide further clarification of the clinical features of this rare inherited disorder. There was no evidence of genetic linkage between Leri's pleonosteosis and various parameters measured. We draw attention to the importance of recognizing this and similar rare inherited dystrophies, since the prognosis is good and inappropriate therapy should be avoided. PMID- 6791241 TI - The degree of conversion of alpha-keto acids to valine and phenylalanine in health and uraemia. AB - 13C-labelled alpha-keto acid analogues of valine and phenylalanine were given by mouth and by intravenous route to three healthy and four uraemic individuals who were used as their own controls. The excretion of 13CO2 in expired air and of 13C labelled keto acid in urine was measured together with plasma and, in some cases, intramuscular concentrations of total and 13C-labelled free valine and phenylalanine. A minimum and maximum limit of degree of conversion of these two alpha-keto acids to essential amino acids were calculated and was of the order of 25-50 per cent for both keto acids given by either route in health and uraemia. PMID- 6791242 TI - [Toxoplasmic infection in neoplasms. Clinico-statistical findings and diagnostic considerations]. PMID- 6791243 TI - [Vocal cords carcinoma. Results of radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - The results of larynx carcinoma radiotherapy with electron beams are reported: 67 cases of glottic carcinoma (vocal cords) Tis, T1a, T1b, T2, treated between 1965 and 1978 are studied. Survival cumulative and not evidence disease rates are reported 84.7% at three years, 80.2% at five years, 77.1% at ten years, 77.1% at fourteen years. To conclude we underline the importance of radiotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the vocal cords. PMID- 6791244 TI - [Prolonged parenteral nutrition. Results and efficacy outside a large center]. PMID- 6791245 TI - Structure-activity relationships of 110 candidate juvenile hormone analogues for Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835), a vector of Chagas' disease (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae). PMID- 6791246 TI - [Monoclonal gammapathies. II. Symptomatic M components. Study of 30 cases]. PMID- 6791247 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in 2 previously healthy patients]. PMID- 6791248 TI - [Thyroid and thyroid function tests]. PMID- 6791249 TI - [Parenteral nutrition of the septic patient with non-dialyzed oligoanuric acute renal failure]. PMID- 6791250 TI - [Nitroglycerin in controlled hypotension in neurosurgery]. PMID- 6791251 TI - [Anesthesia for surgery with the carbon dioxide laser in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6791252 TI - Differential cytotoxicity of cytosine arabinoside toward murine leukemia L1210 cells and murine bone marrow progenitor cells inhibited in nucleoside transport by cimicifugoside. AB - Cytotoxicities of cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) and showdomycin to murine L1210 leukemia cells was prevented by a nucleoside transport inhibitor, cimicifugoside. Ara C toxicity to bone marrow progenitor cells, however, was observed even in the presence of cimicifugoside. The difference of Ara C toxicity toward L1210 cells and bone marrow cells pretreated with cimicifugoside may be originated in the different characteristics of membrane transport site of nucleosides. PMID- 6791253 TI - Metabolism of a carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene) in the pancreas of the Long-Evans rat. AB - Because of the high incidence of pancreatic cancer in the United States and because of the correlation of pancreatic cancer to environmental exposure, we have undertaken experiments to measure the metabolism of the carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene in the pancreas of the Long-Evans male rat. This study examined the in vitro metabolism of the carcinogen and found the production of aqueous products in pancreas to be similar to that in liver, however, the pancreatic capability was not induced to greater metabolism by pretreatment with either phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. High pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of the in vitro products of pancreatic metabolism demonstrated a relatively greater abundance of 5,6-epoxy-7-hydroxymethyl-12 methylbenzanthracene than the liver and a relatively less abundance of 7 hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenzanthracene and 7-methyl-12-hydroxymethylbenzanthracene than the liver. Carcinogen levels were measured in pancreas, liver, bile and blood at 2, 5, 10, 16, 22 and 36 hours after injection. PMID- 6791254 TI - Interaction of o,p'-DDT with the estrogen-binding protein (EBP) of DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. AB - The effect of o,p'-DDT on the binding of 3H-estradiol to DMBA-induced rat mammary tumor cytosolic estrogen-binding protein (EBP) was examined in vitro. Scatchard plot analysis indicated that o,p'-DDT competitively inhibited 3H-estradiol binding and sucrose density gradient analysis demonstrated that o,p'-DDT displaced estradiol from specific 4S and 8S proteins. As estrogens have been shown to affect the development and growth of these tumors, our experimental findings suggest that o,p'-DDT may possibly influence DMBA-induced tumors in an estrogenic manner. PMID- 6791255 TI - Effects of Aroclor 1254-induced rat liver S-9 fraction on benzo[a]pyrene-mediated DNA damage and benzo[a]pyrene metabolism in cultured human skin fibroblasts. AB - Incubation of cultured normal human skin fibroblasts with benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) resulted in covalent binding of B[a]P to protein, RNA and DNA. B[a]P adduct formation was increased when the cultured cells were also treated with the 9,000 g hepatic microsomal supernatant (S-9) fraction from rats pretreated with Aroclor 1254, a commercial preparation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Comparison with control experiments which included the incubation with corn oil-induced S-9 fraction indicated that the enhanced B[a]P-adduct formation in the host cells was related to the induction of hepatic NADPH-dependent microsomal monooxygenase activity by Aroclor 1254 in the S-9 fraction. Parallel experiments showed that this Aroclor-induced enzymic activity was responsible for B[a]P-mediated DNA damage as measured by unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in the cells. Similarly, administration of rat hepatic S-9 induced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) and phenobarbitone (PB) caused B[a]P-mediated DNA damage in cultured human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6791256 TI - Carbaryl: a literature review. PMID- 6791257 TI - Diffusion-limited exchange of 18O between CO2 and water in red cell suspensions. AB - The loss of 18O from labeled CO2 caused by the exchange of oxygen with water, a process catalyzed by carbonic anhydrase, has been measured in suspensions of rat erythrocytes at pH 7.4 and 25 percent C. The rate of loss of 18O from all CO2 and the rate of loss of 18O from doubly-labeled CO2 are shown to be related to the rate constant for the catalyzed hydration of CO2 inside the cell and a rate constant for the diffusion of CO2 out of the cell. The results show that the diffusion of CO2 out of the cell with a half-time near 2 msec is a slower process than the intracellular, catalytic conversion of CO2 to HCO3- which has a half time near 0.3 msec. From this information we estimate the gradient of 18O content in CO2 in the red cell during an 18O-exchange experiment. The rate constant for the entry of CO2 into red cells, also obtained from 18O-exchange data, has a value of the same magnitude as that anticipated for the diffusion-controlled rate of encounter between CO2 and red cells. This indication of diffusion-controlled depletion of 18O from Co2 is supported by experiments with a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which show that carbonic anhydrase does not have a rate-limiting role in the 18O exchange until greater than 80% of the enzyme is inhibited. PMID- 6791260 TI - [Special problems in the feeding of very young premature infants (new trends in the feeding of premature infants)]. PMID- 6791259 TI - [Mg valproate plasma levels in epileptic patients, measured by gas-liquid chromatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791258 TI - Ventilatory response to inhaled and infused CO2: relationship to the oscillating signal. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the respiratory oscillations of CO2 and the ventilatory response to CO2. Cats anaesthetized with chloralose and urethane were given CO2 either by exchange transfusion into the inferior vena cava or by inhalation. Changes of amplitude of the respiratory oscillations of CO2 (amp PCO2) were assessed from measurements of the amplitude of the arterial pH oscillations (amp pH). For short periods of CO2 loading (2-8 min), the ventilatory response to CO2 was greater for venous than for airway loading; this difference was statistically significant at low and intermediate loads but not at high loads. The dependence of the respiratory response to the route of administration of CO2 could not be related to amp PCO2. For long periods of CO2 loading (20 min or more) there was no marked change of minute ventilation when the route of administration was changed from airway to venous route, despite an increase of amp pH at both low and intermediate loads. We suggest that the dependence of ventilatory response to CO2 on the route of administration observed in this study was mainly due to a longer period required to attain steady state conditions for CO2 inhalation, and that the respiratory oscillations of CO2 do not affect the ventilatory response to CO2. PMID- 6791262 TI - [Disorders of energy metabolism in children]. PMID- 6791261 TI - [Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. I]. PMID- 6791264 TI - [Determination of the procoagulant activity of the cerebrospinal fluid as a method of early detection of cerebral disorders in children]. PMID- 6791263 TI - [Role of hypomagnesemia in rickets in infants (clinical and therapeutic study)]. PMID- 6791265 TI - [Renal vein thrombosis in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6791266 TI - [A case of mucopolysaccharidosis associated with phenylalaninemia]. PMID- 6791267 TI - [Humidified oxygen inhalation therapy]. PMID- 6791269 TI - Central chemosensitivity: a respiratory drive. PMID- 6791268 TI - [Infantile bronchial asthma. I]. PMID- 6791271 TI - Delayed primary closure. Tissue gas tensions in healing rat skin incisions. AB - In a previous biomechanical study the healing of delayed primary closure (DPC) wounds was investigated. With delay intervals of 3-6 days DPC wounds were shown to develop much higher late term mechanical strength than control primary closure (PC) wounds. In the present work measurements of wound tissue gas tensions were performed with implanted silicone tonometer tubes. Higher pO2 values were found in DPC wounds than in control PC wounds from the 6th to 15th postoperative day. No difference in pCO2 was found between the two types of wounds. The results are in accordance with the biomechanical results and give evidence of a higher local oxygen supply in DPC wounds. PMID- 6791272 TI - Chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis with particular emphasis on the effect of chrysotherapy on radiographical changes and on the optimal time of initiation of therapy. PMID- 6791274 TI - Haemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin in comparison with preload and sodium nitroprusside on patients after coronary bypass surgery. AB - To differentiate between the haemodynamic effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) and preload, left ventricular function curves were constructed for 10 patients with and without a steady NTG-infusion at left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) levels of between 9 and 17 mmHg eight hours after coronary bypass grafting. The haemodynamic effects of NTG were compared with those caused by sodium nitroprusside (NP) at identical filling pressures. Although NTG as such decreased cardiac index (CI) (p less than 0.05), when systemic vasodilation was induced, CI was 18% greater with than without NTG at constant filling pressures (p less than 0.02). At identical LVFP, mean arterial pressure remained unchanged by NTG, whereas systemic vascular resistance was reduced by 16%. NTG augmented the left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) only in patients whose initial LVSWI was below 30 gm-m/m2 (a 20% increase, p less than 0.05). Although NTG relaxes the capacitance vessels more than the resistance vessels, its haemodynamic effects are far superior to the changes that can be induced by preload alteration alone. NTG enhances myocardial performance, especially if LVFP is kept balanced with the reduction of afterload. The increase in left ventricular pumping performance produced by NTG was 45% of the increase produced by NP at identical filling pressures. The results, however, indicate that NTG may affect the myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio more favourably than NP. PMID- 6791273 TI - Para-osteo-arthropathies. A new theory and mode of treatment. AB - The clinical and research experience of para-osteo-arthropathies (POA) observed in paraplegia is presented. From clinical findings and our own research studies, a new theory regarding the etiopathogenesis of the ectopic ossifications has been elaborated. POA is a biological process in which new bone is formed in tissues which in the normal condition do not ossify. A 45Ca kinetic study showed that POA are young bones with an active 'turnover'. The urinary hydroxyproline level, already increased from the onset of the paraplegia, rises at the moment of POA formation. On the other hand HLA B 18 and HLA RW 7 antigens are significantly increased in patients with POA. Several factors such as vascular disorders (venous stasis, modification of gaseous exchange) repeated microtraumatism at the site of the joints, injured perimuscular connective tissue, as well as increased incidence of some antigens, can play a role in the formation of POA. Metabolic changes related to vascular disorders probably influence cell differentiation, mostly the differentiation of fibroblasts in the perimuscular connective scar tissue following repeated microtraumatism. On the basis of observations the authors have tried to devise a treatment. Prevention remains the best way to avoid ectopic ossification but, once present, medical and surgical treatment must be undertaken. PMID- 6791275 TI - [Glycogenosis caused by amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency. Myopathy as a lead finding in adults]. AB - Glycogen storage disease due to amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency was diagnosed in a 21-year-old patient. The enzyme defect was demonstrated by biochemical analysis of muscle tissue, the glycogen content of which was typically increased. Investigation of the patient's kindred showed that his 25-year-old sister was also affected. This report sets out to show that in adolescence and in adult life myopathy may be the leading symptom of the disease. Besides the clinical symptoms of muscle weakness and stiffness, an increase in serum creatine kinase usually is found. While an increase in the glycogen content of skeletal muscle has been known since the first description of this glycogen storage disease, it was believed that the glycogen deposits do not cause a clinically relevant disturbance of muscle function. A review of the literature and our own observations show that this assumption has to be at least partially revised. In patients with unclear myopathy who had hepatomegaly during childhood the possibility of glycogenosis due to amylo-1,6-glucosidase deficiency should be considered, especially if symptoms of hypoglycemia are reported. In the patient as well as in his sister marked kyphoscoliosis was present. Whether there is a connection between skeletal deformity and enzyme defect cannot be determined as the patients were available for further studies. PMID- 6791276 TI - [Allergic alveolitis as a result of mold on the bedroom wall]. AB - A 23-year-old woman patient became seriously ill with the typical signs and symptoms of allergic alveolitis and with deep hypoxemia during exercise. A broad spectrum of positive precipitating antibodies was found in the serum, mainly against Penicillium casei and Aureobasidium pullulans. Although she was intensively questioned on hobbies and on possible antigens at home and at work, it was only possible to trace an antigen source after a controlled antigen free period away from home in another environment and after a controlled reexposure experiment at home: it proved to be a patch of mould of 0.5 m2 on the bedroom wall. The filaments and the spores of the fungi of the mould were shown directly by microscope. Precipitating antibodies were also present against these fungi. After several antigen-free months (the patient moved into a dry and sunny new apartment) the threatening respiratory failure (severe hypoxemia during exercise) disappeared completely together with the clinical signs and symptoms. Thus, mould on bedroom walls may constitute a threat and should be considered in cases of allergic alveolitis of apparently unknown origin. PMID- 6791277 TI - [Experience in the treatment of external intestinal fistulas]. AB - In the last 5 years the authors have treated 30 cases of external intestinal fistulas with total parenteral nutrition. These cases are described and the results analyzed in relation to fistular secretion, age of patients and the early timing of treatment. PMID- 6791278 TI - [Changes in microcirculation by the administration of sodium nitroprusside and nitroglycerin]. AB - The effects of hypotension induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) or nitroglycerin (NTG) were evaluated in hamsters (n = 12). No differences in macrohemodynamic parameters were found during and after hypotension with either drug tested. SNP dilated predominantly the precapillaries and NTG dilated all microvascular segments. Blood cell velocity decreased in both groups. A significant volume of blood was diverted through av-shunts during SNP hypotension of 40 mm Hg. Capillary density decreased significantly during and after SNP-induced hypotension, whereas capillary density remained unchanged when NTG was used. The data favour the use of NTG when hypotension is deliberately induced. PMID- 6791279 TI - [Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) and the evaluation of vitamin A nutritional status]. PMID- 6791280 TI - Chemoradiotherapeutic prevention of local recurrence after stapled anastomoses in rectal cancer. AB - Continuity of bowel was restored after resection of twelve midrectal cancers (6 Dukes' B, 4 Dukes' C and 2 metastatic to liver) by stapling with the SPTU suture gun, following pre-operative radiotherapy and intraoperative topical chemotherapy with 5-flourouracil and mercuric perchloride. Postoperative contrast radiographs revealed one of the 12 anastomoses to be leaking. Three patients died 18 to 10 months after resection and nine have been followed for two to six years. No clinical, endoscopic or biochemical evidence of local recurrence has emerged. Comparative trials of this type of chemoradiotherapeutic prophylaxis of local recurrence after restorative operations for low rectal cancers are advocated. PMID- 6791281 TI - Morphological studies in a case of thyrotoxicosis complicated by lithium therapy for bipolar depression. AB - The histological and ultrastructural features of the thyroid in a case of thyrotoxicosis complicated by lithium therapy (for bipolar depression) are described. Despite the bizarre and disturbing pathological appearances, it is proposed that their interpretation should be modified in view of the biosynthetic block imposed by lithium administration. The cellular appearances are considered to reflect a hyperplastic state with coincidental impairment of synthetic activity, and not to represent a neoplastic process. The use of lithium in the management of psychiatric illness is increasing. It is important to be aware of the possible effect of the drug not only on thyroid function but also on the histopathological appearances of the thyroid when interpreting any associated or incidental lesion of the gland. PMID- 6791282 TI - Streptococcus faecalis meningitis: a salutary case. PMID- 6791283 TI - Heptachlor epoxide in marine mammals. AB - The presence of heptachlor epoxide in harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) and white beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) has been confirmed by chemical derivatization and mass spectrometric analyses. An unknown compound at a retention time close to half of heptachlor epoxide interfered in the determination by electron capture detector-gas chromatography. On a WCOT CP-Sil 7 column programmed from 85 to 175 degree C two poorly separated peaks could be detected. Heptachlor epoxide contents up to 1.7 mg/kg (on a fat basis) were obtained, which were about 200 times lower than the PCB levels. The same ratio was also observed in fish from the same area. PMID- 6791284 TI - Skin tumor-promoting activity of benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical generating compound. AB - Benzoyl peroxide, a widely used free radical-generating compound, promoted both papillomas and carcinomas when it was topically applied to mice after 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiation. Benzoyl peroxide was inactive on the skin as a complete carcinogen or as a tumor initiator. A single topical application of benzoyl peroxide produced a marked epidermal hyperplasia and induced a large number of dark basal keratinocytes, effects similar to those produced by the potent tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Benzoyl peroxide, like other known tumor promoters, also inhibited metabolic cooperation (intercellular communication) in Chinese hamster cells. In view of these results caution should be recommended in the use of this and other free radical generating compounds. PMID- 6791285 TI - Reversal diabetes by islet transplantation: vulnerability of the established allograft. PMID- 6791286 TI - Spontaneous diabetes in rats: destruction of islets is prevented by immunological tolerance. AB - Spontaneous diabetes occurring in "BB" rats (derived from a colony of outbred Wistar rats) is the result of destruction of pancreatic islets by infiltrating mononuclear cells (insulitis) and may be a disease very similar to human juvenile onset diabetes. Both diseases probably have an autoimmune etiology. Evidence is presented that islets transplanted to diabetic BB rats are destroyed by the original disease process. Inoculation of bone marrow from normal (nondiabetes susceptible) rat donors into neonatal BB recipients usually prevented the development of hyperglycemia. PMID- 6791287 TI - [The polycystic ovarian syndrome]. AB - The polycystic ovarian syndrome remains one of the enigmas of gynaecological endocrinology. A review of the literature is presented, with emphasis on practical aspects, as illustrated by the results of a study of 139 patients with this condition. In the majority of patients the diagnosis entails clinical judgement combined with minimal biochemical determinations. However, the differential diagnosis may depend on sophisticated investigations. Since the treatment of some of these patients is as yet unsatisfactory, early diagnosis with prevention of androgenic side-effects is desirable. PMID- 6791290 TI - The gold rush 1925-35. AB - Although from the time of Koch onwards there had been desultory experiments with a variety of gold preparations in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis, gold as a recognised and accepted treatment did not emerge until 1925. In that year Holger Mollgaard of Copenhagen introduced sanocrysin, a double thiosulphate of gold and sodium, with which he had conducted an extensive series of animal experiments. The results of these were considered to justify its use in clinical practice and two physicians, Secher and Faber, undeterred by its toxicity, reported enthusiastically in its favour. Other Danish physicians followed but, alarmed by violent reactions, modified the dosage, an example followed by British workers. Encouraging results continued to be reported although each series contained a significant proportion of failures, and toxicity remained high. The first properly planned and fully controlled clinical trial took place in the United States and produced a report which was wholly adverse and which sounded the death knell of gold therapy throughout America. Until 1934-35 gold was used extensively in Europe but thereafter there was a sudden and largely universal cessation of interest and within a few years gold, introduced with such eclat and carrying so many high hopes, had vanished from the therapy of tuberculosis even though, at that point, no better alternative was available. PMID- 6791289 TI - Neutrophil-mediated lung localization of bacteria: a mechanism for pulmonary injury. AB - The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is thought to ensure organ integrity following trauma, burn, and sepsis by removing potentially embolic particulate matter and blood-borne bacteria from the circulation. Blockade of the RES with foreign colloids is known to result in a consumptive depletion of opsonic fibronectin, which modulates reticuloendothelial function, and an increase in lung localization of test particles. We investigated the role of neutrophils as a contributing factor in the increased localization of blood-borne bacteria in the lung after blockade. RE blockade induced by gelatin-coated colloid particle injection resulted in an acute (15-minute) increase in the number of 51Cr-labeled neutrophils localized in the lung, with return to control levels at 60 minutes after blockade. Fibronectin administration following blockade resulted in a significant (P less than 0.05) prolonged retention of neutrophils in the lung up to 2 hours after blockade. A parallel increase (P less than 0.05) in lung localization of heat-killed 14C-labeled Pseudomonas aeruginosa following colloid induced RE blockade was observed, and fibronectin further increased the number of bacteria localized in the lung. Experimentally induced neutropenia abrogated the effect of colloid injection on lung localization of bacteria. It is concluded that a particulate load results in simultaneous RE blockade and neutrophil margination in the lung, both of which contribute to the increase in lung localization of bacteria. A mechanism for neutrophil-mediated pulmonary injury related to RE dysfunction following trauma is proposed. PMID- 6791288 TI - Antibody-induced proteinase activation: a proposed mechanism for pemphigus. AB - The current state of understanding of pemphigus includes the following: 1. Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease. In all variants a circulating autoantibody is found which binds to epidermal cells. In vivo antibody may be found deposited in the epidermis of patients. 2. The autoantibody levels generally correlate with disease activity indicating a relationship between antibody and clinical disease. 3. Although complement components are found in lesional skin, complement does not appear to be necessary for dissolution of the epidermal cement substance. 4. The treatment of pemphigus with corticosteroids has drastically reduced mortality rates. 5. Three different groups have presented results in two different experimental systems which indicate that subsequent to binding of pemphigus antibody to epidermal cells a proteinase is activated. This proteinase(s) degrades the intercellular cement substance of epidermis which results in loss of cellular adhesion and acantholysis. There are numerous questions still remaining. What is the nature of the proteinase(s) and the surface protein(s) it cleaves? Does the binding of pemphigus antibody to the cell surface induce enzyme synthesis, specific enzyme activation, or generalized lysosomal secretion? The answers to these questions will have broad biologic relevance since they may elucidate the role of anticell surface antibodies in disease states. PMID- 6791291 TI - Pattern of carbon dioxide stimulated breathing in patients with chronic airway obstruction. AB - The pattern of stimulated breathing during carbon dioxide inhalation was studied in a group of 21 patients with severe irreversible airways obstruction (mean FEV1 = 0.9 litre, mean FEV1/FVC% = 50%). Carbon dioxide rebreathing experiments were performed, the ventilatory response being defined in terms of total ventilation (V) and CO2 sensitivity (S). Breathing pattern was defined by the changes in tidal volume (delta VT) and respiratory frequency (delta f) and the maximum VT achieved (VTmax). Contrary to some previous studied no significant relationship could be demonstrated between the severity of airway obstruction (FEV1/FVC%, Raw) and the ventilatory response to rebreathing (V, S, delta VT, delta f, VTmax). However, measurements of dynamic lung volume (FEV1, FVC, IC) were found to be significantly correlated with the breathing pattern variables (delta VT, delta f, VTmax). Resting PaO2 and PaCO2 were significantly correlated with delta VT but not delta f. Results indicate that the degree of airway obstruction does not dictate the ventilatory or breathing pattern response to carbon dioxide induced hyperpnoea. In contrast it is the restriction of dynamic lung volume, by limiting the VT response, that appears to determine the ventilatory and breathing pattern response in patients with severe airway obstruction. PMID- 6791292 TI - Improved detection of haemophilia A carriers by factor VIII related antigen (radioimmunoassay) and bleeding symptoms. PMID- 6791293 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. V. Properties of factor VIII after DDAVP infusion in variant von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6791294 TI - Immunologic studies of factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) 1. Assays based on a haemophilic and an acquired antibody to VIII:C. PMID- 6791295 TI - Inhibition of platelet function by a calmodulin interacting agent, W-7. PMID- 6791296 TI - A precise routine method for determination of F XIII activity in plasma. PMID- 6791297 TI - Effects of nifedipine (Adalat) on platelet function in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6791298 TI - Fluorogenic substrate assays for factors VIII and IX: introduction of a new solid phase fluorescent detection method. PMID- 6791299 TI - Uptake and inactivation of thrombin by the fresh, glutardialdehyde or heparin treated human umbilical cord vein endothelium. PMID- 6791300 TI - Adsorption of von Willebrand factor/factor VIII by the genetically distinct interstitial collagens. PMID- 6791301 TI - Kinetics of formation of factor IXa-factor VIII complex on the surface of platelets. PMID- 6791302 TI - [On being fed - a crisis experience]. PMID- 6791303 TI - [Rh(D)-immunization in pregnancy]. PMID- 6791304 TI - Microbiological assay methods for sulfonamides in animal tissues, serum, and milk. AB - The sensitivity of microbiological assay methods for sulfonamides in muscle, kidney, serum, and milk was improved with Standard II Nahragar (Merck 7883), the medium being supplemented with trimethoprim, 1% sodium chloride, and 0.4% dextrose. The agar was seeded with 10(4) spores of Bacillus subtilis BGA per ml medium. The trimethoprim concentrations per ml agar were, at pH 6.20, pH 7.0, and pH 8.0 respectively 0.30, 0.15 and 0.07 microgram. The sulfonamide sensitivity of the test method depended on the pK-value of the drug tested and on the pH of the agar. For sulfonamides tested in muscle homogenate the optimum sensitivity of the bioassay methods was in the range of 0.32-0.63 microgram/ml; in kidney homogenate it was 0.32-0.63 microgram/ml; in serum 0.32-0.63 microgram/ml; and in milk 0.08 0.32 microgram/ml. The sensitivity for dapsone ranged in these substrates from 0.01 to 0.02 microgram/ml. The assay methods here developed may be used for both qualitative detection and quantitative determinations of sulfonamides in animal tissues, serum, and milk. PMID- 6791305 TI - Besnoitia cysts in the adrenal gland of a cow. PMID- 6791306 TI - Protracted diarrhea in infancy. AB - The syndrome of protracted diarrhea in infancy, characterised by the passage of at least 4 loose stools a day for more than 2 weeks in an infant younger than 3 months showing a continuous loss of weight or failing to gain has been universally recognized as a severe and debilitating disorder necessitating prolonged hospitalisation. A systematic diagnostic and therapeutic approach is proposed in the light of a 4 years clinical experience at the Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam. PMID- 6791307 TI - Comparative rates of dermal penetration of insecticides in mice. PMID- 6791309 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the monooxygenase systems in fetal livers of rats. PMID- 6791308 TI - Protective effects of butylated hydroxyanisole against the acute toxicity of monocrotaline in mice. PMID- 6791310 TI - Development of tolerance to the pulmonary toxin, 4-ipomeanol. PMID- 6791311 TI - Detoxification with glutaraldehyde of purified scorpion (Centruroides noxius Hoffmann) venom. PMID- 6791312 TI - Activity of pyruvate kinase and lactic acid dehydrogenase in mouse lung after transplacental exposure to carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals. AB - The carcinogenic urethane (URTH), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), 3-methylcholanthrene (MCA), benzo[a]pyrene (BP), 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) and aflatoxin B1 (B1) administered to pregnant CFLP mice increased the activity of pyruvate kinase (PK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and decreased the ratio of LDH H and M subunits in the lungs of offsprings. However, under the same conditions, the non-carcinogenic phenylurethane (PHUR), ethylformate (EF), chrysene (CHRY), perylene (PER) and pyrene (PYR), as well as the toxic Paraquat (PAR), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and cadmium chloride (CdCl2), did not influence the activities of the enzymes tested. PMID- 6791313 TI - Mutagenicity tests with a surfactant formulation, toximul MP-8, in Drosophila and mouse bone marrow cells. PMID- 6791314 TI - Promutagen activation in parasite-infected organisms: preliminary observations with Fasciola hepatica-infected mice and aflatoxin B1. AB - Mutagenic activity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was followed in the Ames Salmonella/microsome test using liver S-9 from uninfected and Fasciola hepatica infected mice. The S-9 preparations from parasite-infected animals were capable of inducing significantly greater AFB1 mutagenic activity to strain TA100 than S 9 preparations from either control, uninfected mice or Aroclor 1254-induced mice. The differences in activity between infected and uninfected mice were consistent between sex and strains of mice studied. The observed increase in biological activity was apparently due to an induction phenomenon in the host tissues rather than due to metabolism of AFB1 by F. hepatica enzymes. PMID- 6791315 TI - [The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of the pancreas carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Although diagnosis of the pancreas carcinoma is only possible in an advanced stage, it is recommendable to try a radiotherapy as long as there are no remote metastases. If the patients are adequately selected, further if the target volume is exactly localized and charged with a high dose, it should be possible to reach considerably longer survival times. Different irradiation methods with ultrahard photons and high energy electrons are compared with regard to their therapeutic value. PMID- 6791316 TI - [Radiotherapy of prostate carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791317 TI - Adaptation of EMIT procedures for maximum cost effectiveness to two different centrifugal analyzer systems. AB - We have adapted commercial immunoassay (EMIT) procedures for dilantin, phenobarbital, theophylline, carbamazepine, tobramycin, disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide, N-acetyl procainamide, and mysoline to two different centrifugal analyzers (Centrifichem and Multistat) using maximum dilutions of reagents to reduce reagent costs to approximately one-tenth of that incurred using the manufacturer's protocol. This savings due to the dilutions of reagents was primarily because of the ability to prolong the reaction time to achieve acceptably large absorbance changes over the absorbance measurement period. Correlation coefficients between values for drugs analyzed by these modified EMIT protocols and values obtained by other methods ranged from 0.927 to 0.994. Within run precision and recovery values for these drugs were also entirely acceptable. We found that premature mixing of reagents in the rotors of the Multistat system and variable delivery of reagent in the Centrifichem 400 system were both caused by the surfactant in the EMIT buffer. The former problem is being resolved by the manufacturer; the latter problem was resolved by siliconizing the reagent pipet tips. PMID- 6791318 TI - On-column propylation method for measuring plasma valproate concentration by gas chromatography. AB - A gas-chromatographic method is described for measuring plasma valproate concentrations. This method incorporates double-solvent extraction of the plasma sample and on-column propylation of valproic acid and 2-propylhexanoic acid, used as the internal standard. The identity of the propyl ester derivatives of these compounds was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The accuracy and simplicity of the method make it suitable for routine laboratory use. The assay is sufficiently rapid that a plasma sample can be analyzed in duplicate within 30 min. PMID- 6791319 TI - Contractile proteins in ocular tissues. Their role in health and disease. AB - Various cytoskeletal and contractile filamentous systems are located within non muscular eukaryotic cells including microtubules, intermediate filaments, myosin filaments, and actin microfilaments. Microtubules are a major component of cilia, flagella, axons, and the mitotic spindles, but apart from these more specialized roles they are cytoskeletal structures and are involved in the directional movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. Intermediate filaments are structurally and biochemically similar to neurofilaments and although they are present in most cells they are particularly prominent in mesenchymal cells. Their function is not fully understood but they probably have a supportive role and constrain organelles including the nucleus in position within the cell. The contractile proteins, actin and myosin, in their most complex forms are found as a variety of filamentous structures which are involved in such diverse processes as motility, adhesion, phagocytosis, endocytosis, and cytokinesis. In this study the distribution of cytoskeletal an contractile elements in the non-muscular tissues of the human and the rabbit eye were investigated both in vivo and in vitro using electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. Particular emphasis was placed on the role of cytoplasmic filaments in normal tissue function and their possible significance in various pathological conditions. PMID- 6791320 TI - Tissue-reacting immunoglobulins in rhesus monkeys infected with Trypanosoma cruzi: a follow-up study. PMID- 6791321 TI - The absence of cross reaction between toxoplasmic and sarcocystic tissue stage antigens in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. PMID- 6791322 TI - Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii as a model for chemotherapeutic studies related to Chagas's disease. AB - Cultivated trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) dionisii were added to cultures of buffalo lung (BL) cells at 37 degrees C in a ratio of 500 parasites per cell. More than 60% of the cells became infected with amastigotes and the system was used to test trypanosomicidal activity and cytotoxicity of possible chemotherapeutic agents for use in Chagas's disease. Three nitroheterocyclic compounds known to be active against T. cruzi in cell cultures (nifurtimox, benznidazole and SQ 18506) were active at similar levels against intracellular T. dionisii (1, 10 and 0.1 microgram ml-1 respectively); concentrations of 10, 10 and 1 microgram ml-1 respectively were cytotoxic. Other substances, not regarded as active against T. cruzi (metronidazole, pentamidine and pentostam, had little or no trypanosomicidal effect even at 100 microgram ml-1. A recently developed nitroheterocyclic compound (MK 436) was active, and not cytotoxic, at 10 microgram ml-1 and possibly warrants further investigation Tetraethylthiuram disulphide, an inhibitor of threonine dehydrogenase which prevents growth of extracellular T. cruzi and T. dionisii in vitro at 1 microgram ml-1, was only slightly trypanosomicidal to intracellular T. dionisii at this dose; it was also somewhat cytotoxic. PMID- 6791323 TI - Estimation of anti-D IgG in red blood cell eluates using the specific radioactivity of 125I-labeled IgG: effect of unlabeled, cytophilic IgG. AB - The specific radioactivity of conventionally prepared 125I IgG anti-D eluates is significantly less (from 1/5 to 1/20) than that of the 125I IgG fraction used to prepare the eluate. This discrepancy is due to the release of unlabeled, cytophilic IgG from normal red blood cells during eluate preparation and does not represent an underestimation of the eluate anti-D IgG content. Cytophilic IgG content of eluates plays an important role in reducing the nonimmunologic binding of labeled antibody IgG. The results justify the assumption used in numerous studies that the specific radioactivity of 125I IgG fractions can be used to provide a valid estimate of the anti-D IgG content of eluates. PMID- 6791324 TI - On the incidence of antibodies to the Rh antigens G, rhi(Ce), C, and CG in sera containing anti-CD or anti-C. PMID- 6791325 TI - A second homozygous .D. PMID- 6791326 TI - Natural tolerance: a model for Ir gene effects in the cytotoxic T cell response to H-Y. AB - It is proposed that T cell nonresponsiveness to H-Y is attributable to natural tolerance, maintained in the periphery by an anti-idiotype suppressor mechanism. Induction of such a suppressor mechanism occurs when H-Y plus certain K or D antigens mimic other self-alleles of K or D antigens either alone or in conjunction with minor histocompatibility antigens. The application of the model to other systems, as well as predictions made from it are discussed. PMID- 6791327 TI - Review of world's experience with pancreas and islet transplantation and results of intraperitoneal segmental pancreas transplantation from related and cadaver donors at Minnesota. PMID- 6791328 TI - Clinical experience with 15 neoprene-injected pancreatic allografts in man. PMID- 6791329 TI - Orthotopic heart and combined heart and lung transplantation with cyclosporin-A immune suppression. PMID- 6791330 TI - The effect of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and donor bone marrow (BM) on islet transplantation in baboons. PMID- 6791331 TI - Ten-year experience in renal transplantation for Fabry's disease. PMID- 6791332 TI - Are "activated" macrophages cytotoxic against normal cells? PMID- 6791333 TI - Serologic activity of anti-allotypic antibodies and their role in allograft rejection. PMID- 6791334 TI - Crossreactive cytotoxic T-cell line expanded by T-cell growth factor. PMID- 6791335 TI - Pancreatic islet allograft prolongation by selective lymphoid irradiation (SLI), culture techniques, and ALG. PMID- 6791336 TI - Dissociation of skin and islet allograft rejection in antithymocyte globulin treated rats. PMID- 6791337 TI - Differential susceptibility of segmental and isolated islet allografts of rat pancreas to rejection and enhancement. PMID- 6791338 TI - Islet transplantation in spontaneously diabetic rats. PMID- 6791339 TI - Organ cultured fetal pancreas: a source of islets for transplantation in diabetic mice. PMID- 6791340 TI - Antituberculosis activity of 6 cyclo-octylamino-5,8-quinolinequinone (CQQ). AB - A new compound, 6 cyclo-octylamino-5,8-quinolinequinone (CQQ), a dual analogue of vitamin K and coenzyme Q, was effective against several drug-susceptible and drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In vitro studies indicated the bactericidal nature of its action at 1 microgram/ml. Pulse exposure studies using M. tuberculosis H37Rv showed that a growth lag period of 96 hours resulted with exposure to 1 microgram/ml for 24 hours or longer. PMID- 6791341 TI - Occurrence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and strains of the Mycobacterium avium M. intracellulare complex together in the sputum of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Out of 97 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from the sputum of the same number of patients, 11 were shown to consist of a mixed population of M. tuberculosis and a strain of the M. avium-M. intracellulare (MAI) complex. The most effective method for isolating strains of the MAI complex was to incubate the culture first at 42 degrees C for 3 weeks and then at 45 degrees C for 3 weeks. By this method, the growth of M. tuberculosis was suppressed, while the contaminant mycobacteria formed colonies. PMID- 6791343 TI - Coagulum pyelolithotomy. PMID- 6791342 TI - Instrumentation for measuring cardiac output by direct Fick method during liquid ventilation. AB - A closed-circuit fluorocarbon oxygenation system was designed and incorporated into an existing liquid breathing system (LBS) to allow measurement of an animal's oxygen consumption during liquid ventilation. This enabled simultaneous determination of cardiac output by the direct Fick method. A series of seven in vivo experiments were conducted in which the oxygen consumption and cardiac output of adult cats (2.3 +/- 0.1 kg body wt SEM) were measured during both spontaneous gas breathing (Fio2 = 0.80 in the control animals) and fluorocarbon liquid (FC-80) ventilation using the LBS. On conversion to liquid ventilation, cardiac output and oxygen consumption were found to decrease significantly, by 40% (P less than 0.02) and 18.6% (P less than 0.05), respectively, from control values for gas breathing. Use of the closed-loop fluorocarbon oxygenation system provided for total recovery of vaporized fluorocarbon (greater than 750 ml/h) and of oxygen (18 liter/min STPD), which were otherwise discarded in previous experiments with liquid ventilation. PMID- 6791344 TI - [Infusion therapy after a cadaveric kidney transplant]. PMID- 6791345 TI - [Neurofibromatosis involving urinary bladder and vesico vaginal septum (author's transl)]. AB - A case of generalized neurofibromatosis with involvement of urinary bladder and septum vesico vaginal is reported in connection with a short review of literature. PMID- 6791346 TI - Peritesticular xanthogranuloma. PMID- 6791348 TI - [Hospital Pseudomonas pyocyanea infection and its early diagnosis]. PMID- 6791347 TI - [Immunological reaction to 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. AB - Two hundred patients with carcinoma of lungs, 56 patients with chronic pneumonia and 142 donors were investigated to reveal the presence of 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid antigen in their blood serum. The antigen was found to equal 91,5%, 25% and 1,4% respectively. The pronounced tendency to decrease the response to 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid antigen and to increase the titres of isohemagglutinins was observed in radically operated patients. The opposite tendency was found to develop in incurable patients. PMID- 6791349 TI - [Coelomic cysts and diverticula of the pericardium]. PMID- 6791350 TI - [Suppression of pigment formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by boric acid solutions]. PMID- 6791351 TI - [Electrophoresis of proteases and antibiotics in the treatment of purulent wounds]. PMID- 6791352 TI - Enteritis caused by Cryptosporidium in calves. PMID- 6791353 TI - [Vaccination of cattle against trichophytosis in the prevention and control of dermatophytic zoonoses]. AB - The results of a four-year study of the occurrence of trichophytosis in some cattle stocks in the Pardubice district are presented. The monoetiological nature of this mycosis is documented; this mycosis can be successfully controlled by vaccination. Experiments demonstrated a good activity of antigens which were included in commercial vaccines. The evaluation of the antibody reaction in test rabbits and in vaccinated and spontaneously infected cattle was subjected to critical analysis. However, the main point of the whole study is a general evaluation of the possibilities and limitations of cattle vaccination against trichophytosis as ensues from literary data and from the authors' experience. The results indicate that in permanent application of all the hitherto used preventive and repressive methods a technically correct active immunization of cattle means the best contribution to the control of trichophytosis. The discussion deals with the theoretical problems of the nature and duration of immunity to these diseases and with the choice of the best vaccines and vaccination procedures. PMID- 6791354 TI - [Relation between glycemia, serum ascorbic acid, and weight gains in calves in large barns]. AB - In the period from acceptance to the large-scale calf-house to six months of age, 42 calves (20 bullocks and 22 heifers) were studied for the dependence between the dynamics of glycaemia, ascorbaemia, and weights and weight gains. In both sexes, the highest level of glycaemia was obtained at the age from 14 to 21 days (kappa = 5.3 mmol.1(-1)). This high level was followed by a gradual decrease which resulted in the statistically significantly lowest average level at the age of six months (2.0 mmol.1(-1)). In heifers the level of glucose decreased to 1.7 mmol.1(-1) in the fifth month; in bullocks the values were significantly higher at this age (2.8 mmol.1(-1)). The values were subjected to correlation analysis and regression analysis, but no statistically significant dependence was found between weight gains and the levels of glycaemia, either in heifers or in bullocks. Higher coefficients of correlation were only found between the weight of the calves when accepted to the calf-house and the level of glucose. The ascorbaemia of the calves of both sexes at the age from the 7th to the 11th week ranged from 59.1 to 79.5 mumol.1(-1); from the fourth month of age it decreased conspicuously, the lowest values being obtained in the fifth month (22.7 mumol.1( 1)) when the values of vitamin C in the blood serum of heifers (11.4 mumol.1(-1)) were lower than in the bullocks. The correlations between the weight gains and ascorbaemia were statistically significantly negative in the bullocks between the second and 22nd week of age. PMID- 6791355 TI - [Effect of diluents for long-term storage on the acrosomes of ram spermatozoa]. AB - Samples of ram sperm, stored for a long time and diluted in a lactose-yolk or TRIS-glucose-yolk diluent in formulation currently used in A. I. practice in the Czech Socialist Republic, were subjected to morphological evaluation under optical and electron microscope. No visible differences between the diluents were observed under the optical microscope and the amount of acrosomal defects was just slightly higher than in the control fresh sperm. However, differences and changes were observed in the electron-microscopic pictures. When the former diluent was used, the percentage of acrosomal defects in the sperm stored for a long time was 44% and in the case of the latter diluent this percentage was as high as 59%, whereas in the control it was not higher than 16%. Most of the defects are caused during diluting and equilibration; less damage is suffered during freezing. The control osmometric determinations demonstrated a high hyperosmolality (495 mOsmol.kg-1) of the TRIS-glucose-yolk diluent. Hence the lactose-yolk diluent appears to be better, although the solubility of egg yolk in it is worse. PMID- 6791356 TI - [Comparative study of the protective effects of 3 carboxylic acids on urea and ammonia toxicity in sheep]. AB - Three carboxylic acids (acetic, propionic and citric) were compared as to their protective effect in controlling the toxic and lethal action of urea in sheep. It was derived from the metabolic and clinical studies that citric acid was the most effective of all the acids studied and can be used in the preventive treatment of sheep against the toxic lethal action of urea and ammonia. The mechanism of the action of citric acid is also discussed in relation with other findings. PMID- 6791357 TI - [Pathogenesis of experimental rabies infection in foxes and cats infected with viruses isolated from hamsters (Cricetus cricetus)]. AB - All the infected foxes (9) contracted the disease and died from rabies the 20th 21st day from infection with the virus isolated from hamster. Out of the total number of 9 cats experimentally infected by intramuscular infection, seven showed symptoms of clinical disease on the 18th-34th day from infection. The infected dogs, wolves and rabbits did not show clinical disease. In the post mortem examination of eight foxes the rabies virus or rabies antigen was detected in all parts of the CNS and in n. ischiadicus. Of the extraneural organs, the virus was present, in all animals, in the pharyngeal salivary glands, and in one fox also in the tongue. The bioassay on the eye was positive in all cases. The rabies antigen was detected in 4 foxes in the thigh muscle, in liver and spleen, and in all 8 foxes in lungs and cornea, in 5 cases in kidney, and in 3 cases in heart and tongue. Seven cats were examined post mortem by the inoculation test on mice and the PMIF-staining test; it was found that the rabies virus, or rabies antigen, was distributed in the same manner as in foxes. PMID- 6791358 TI - [Comparison of the thermostability of Newcastle disease virus strains isolated in Slovakia]. AB - Reference strains of Newcastle disease virus of different virulence (two lentogenic, two mesogenic and three velogenic), isolated in Czechoslovakia and other countries, were compared with 11 field strains isolated in Slovakia in 1973, 1977, 1979 and 1980 as to the stability of their infectivity for cell cultures and as to their hemagglutination activity at a temperature of 56 degrees C for 120 minutes. The inactivation curves indicate that ten strains belong to the group of velogenic viruses and one of them is lentogenic. Although the data on hemagglutinin thermostability and infectivity do not suffice to characterize the virus strain, it is possible, by comparing the inactivation curves determined by the described method, to differentiate the field strains of Newcastle disease virus as lentogenic, mesogenic and velogenic. Some instability of the relationship between the thermostability and virulence of the virus is ascribed to the heterogeneity of the virus population. PMID- 6791359 TI - [Distribution of rabies antigen in the central nervous system of rats and mice experimentally infected with rabies strains isolated from hamsters (Cricetus cricetus)]. AB - The comparative experiments were carried out to study the distribution of the rabies antigen in the central nervous system (CNS) of sewer-rats and mice experimentally infected with three "hamster" strains (for comparison also with "fox" strain 1151); it was found out that with microscopical observation of preparations stained by the method of direct immunofluorescence the "hamster" strains produced a blended picture of fluorescing particles characteristic of strains with a reduced virulence and virulent strains. As for mice infected with strains 3 O and 7 E the rabies antigen was detected in all parts of CNS as early as 24 hours after infection. In this period the rabies antigen strain 9 E was not detected in lumbar spinal cord and that with strain 1151 was detected only in the Ammonian horns. After 48 hours the rabies antigen in mice was detected in all parts of CNS with all four strains used. In sewer-rats, with regard to their lower susceptibility to the rabies virus, the first detection of rabies antigen in CNS was recorded on the 6th day after infection with strains 3 O, 7 E and 1151, whereas with strain 9 E as late as the 9th day in lumbar spinal cord and not in all animals. PMID- 6791360 TI - [Immunogenic effect of anthrax protective antigen]. AB - In experimental immunization of sheep and goats against anthrax the vaccine containing our own protective antigen (PA) whose serological activity was evaluated by the titre 1:16 was used. PA was adsorbed on aluminium hydroxide gel at the ratio 30 parts of gel and 100 parts of antigen. In the control experiment the doses of the virulent anthrax strain were as follows: 10(6) (sheep) and 5.10(6) (goats). The single vaccination provided only 60% protection, the repeated 100% protection. By the titration of antibodies of the vaccinated animals was proved that the peak titres (1:80 to 1:160) were reached two months after vaccination. Then the titre decreased gradually, and in approximately two months' time it returned to the initial value. As apparent from these experimental results, a reliable protection by PA vaccine can be achieved only by double immunization, best at 14-day intervals. PMID- 6791361 TI - [Evaluation of the performance of horses using pulse rate loading dynamics after basic training]. AB - On the basis of test results, regarding the pulse rate response to the increased load, obtained from 278 three-year-old horses after finishing their elementary training (145 Bohemian warm-blooded horses, 115 Kladrub Black horses and 18 English half-bred horses), a method was worked for the evaluation of their performance. As an evaluating criterion a velocity (v170) was chosen which was obtained from an experimentally determined regression dependence of velocity on the pulse rate at 170 pulses per minute. A set of v170 data were statistically processed and on the basis of quantiles of normal distribution for the used breeds the variance zones were computed which were evaluated with 1 to 10 scores. By this evaluation the degree of performance of the tested horse can be estimated with regard to the corresponding breed. PMID- 6791362 TI - [Evaluation of variability of duration of pregnancy in mares]. AB - In a set of mares of English Thoroughbred horse of the Napajedla stock the gravidity length in the time period from 1880 to 1972 was evaluated. The variability of the gravidity length was evaluated in sets which were put together by combination of two age groups with a division of the studied time period into ten-year stages. Variance and sample means of the gravidity lengths in these sub groups are significantly different in the period under study. In order to eliminate the action of non-genetic influences qualifying the variability of the gravidity length, and to increase the objectivity of their evaluation it is proposed not to calculate with absolute values of the gravidity length, but on the contrary with transformed values: (xi - x) divided by s which would be computed for corresponding year of the foaling period. Another methodical approach to exclude the variability of the gravidity length depending on seasonal influences was based on the use of correction factors which were determined for individual months of foaling, on the basis of the sinusoid form of the curve of the gravidity length in the course of the calendar year. When observing the influence of the age of sires on the gravidity length, the shortening of the gravidity length in dependence on their higher age has been suggested, however this relation was significant only sporadically. The submitted work is a part of a larger theme referring, to the reproduction of horses. PMID- 6791363 TI - [Response of chickens to the addition of yeasts of various origin to broiler feed mixtures]. AB - The bioassays were aimed at testing the safety of complete starter and fattening broiler feed mixtures containing yeasts produced from sulphite liquors, synthetic ethanol and sulphite-ethanol substrate. The yeasts were included in the formulation of the mixtures at a 6% and 10% concentration and were enriched with methionine and B12. The following can be stated on the basis of the obtained results and evaluation of the over-all health state of the chickens: the effort to demonstrate a direct toxic effect of the tested yeasts on the chick organism by biochemical and haematological parameters failed,--at a 10% yeast concentration a tendency to a decreasing of chick live weight occurred towards the end of the experiment, irrespective of the origin of the yeasts,--the haemorrhages testifying to haemorrhagic diathesis, observed in different stages, might be caused by increased oxigenation of vitamin K, as suggested by our experience and by literary data: some role might also be played by stress from coccidiosis, which reduces the level of this vitamin,--the haemorrhages were more pronounced in the groups with a 10% concentration of yeasts,--although no direct toxic effect of yeasts was clearly demonstrated, it can be recommended on the basis of patho-anatomic findings that the yeasts should not constitute more than 6% of the volume of broiler mixtures and that the content of vitamin K should be increased to 400 mg per 100 kg. PMID- 6791364 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of sternostomiasis in canaries]. AB - Fifteen canaries were tested for the possibility of objective intravital diagnostics by smears from the trachea, by transparent tracheoscopy, X-ray examination, and coprological examination. All the results were negative. A positive outcome of the tests is the method of the fixing of the birds for X-ray examination, also applicable for other purposes. Thirty canaries were used for testing the results of therapy by a preparation based on DTHP-Hypocide. Twelve of them were killed before therapy for post-mortal diagnosis, twelve were killed two days, and six were killed nine days from the termination of the therapy. The post mortem examination of the treated birds demonstrated the effectiveness of the therapy; however, the dosage, application intervals and application sites were found to be unsuitable. PMID- 6791365 TI - [The effect of blood-sucking diptera on the weight of grazing heifers]. AB - It was demonstrated experimentally that bloodsucking dipterans (gad-flies, gnats, midges, black flies) influenced negatively weight increments of grazing heifers and that it was suitable to treat the heifers with repellents; 10% water emulsion of the repellent diethyltoluamide was used for heifer spraying in the intervals of 48 hours. Over the 66 days of the experiment, the total live weight of one heifer from the test group increased by 5.00 kg, in comparison with the controls. The coefficient of loss per untreated animal was 105.00 Kcs., the returns of investments per 1.00 Kcs of investment costs were 1.90 Kcs. Owing to worse climatic conditions in the experimental years which significantly differed from meteorological conditions in the previous four years, which ensued from mathematico-statistical evaluation, differences in weight increments over the period of study were statistically insignificant. PMID- 6791366 TI - [Induction and synchronization of pregnancy in cows]. AB - Inductions and synchronizations of parturitions by the analogue PG F2alpha, Cloprostenol, were tested in cows under production conditions. The average time from induction to delivery is 40.5 hours (33-49 hours). No significant relation exists between the length of gravidity and the time of delivery induction (correlation coefficient = -0.325). A scheme was proposed from the system of calving days in cows to organize synchronized parturitions. In production conditions the induction and synchronization of cow parturitions cannot be recommended because amnions are retained frequently (69.7%). No relationship was demonstrated between gravidity length at the time of delivery induction and the order of parturition in the cow (first-calver-cow). PMID- 6791367 TI - [Effect of the barn environment with and without windows in the rearing of pigs]. AB - In the years 1979 and 1980 the microclimate in two types of calving rooms AGRA was studied: rooms with and without windows. A comparison demonstrated that in the rooms with windows the air flow in the zone of abode of animals was higher, rather cooling the piglets, which was not desirable. The light and working conditions in this calving room were better. The temperature and moisture regime in the calving room with windows was influenced negatively because in spring and autumn the stable was cooled by cold outside air and in winter the air temperatures were reduced by heat removal through the windows. In the stable with windows the number of weaned piglets per sow was higher and the mortality rate was lower. The results of rearing are also influenced by the quality of piglet management. PMID- 6791368 TI - [Neuroallergic activity of anti-rabies vaccines]. AB - The safety and neuroallergic activity of current commercial and experimental rabies vaccine were studied by detecting the patho-histological changes in the central nervous system of laboratory animals (guinea-pigs) according to the method recommended by the World Health Organization (Gispen, 1975). Six rabies vaccines were tested in the experiments. The vaccines are as follows: lyophilized rabies vaccine - human; lyophilized rabies vaccine - veterinary; rabies vaccine U. S. P. duck embryo - human; avianized rabies vaccine - veterinary; inactivated rabies vaccine from strain Vnukov-32 - human; live cell rabies vaccine from strain Vnukovo-32 - veterinary. Patho-histological changes indicating the neuroallergic activity of the vaccines were observed in laboratory animals (varying range and intensity of these activities, to which the following vaccines were applied: lyophilized vaccine - veterinary and lyophilized rabies vaccine - human. The cell rabies vaccines from strain Vnukovo-32 were found to be safe; they can be recommended for their merits (including nonreactogenicity) to be used in veterinary practice in rabies immunoprophylaxis. PMID- 6791369 TI - [The effect of the non-antibiotic growth stimulators, Carbadox and Cyadox, on reproduction in laboratory animals]. AB - The effect of growth stimulators Carbadox and Cyadox was studied in laboratory rats and mice as exerted on their fertility, gravidity, embryo ontogenesis, and genetic efficacy of these drugs was also tested. In all tests one dose approaching the dose used in practice and multiple doses were administered. No antifertility effects were observed in either sex of rats, slight reduction in fertility was found in treated male mice. No teratogenic effect was observed, but both stimulators acted highly embryotoxically. Irrespective of the dose, genetic hazard occurred, influencing the first stages of spermatogenesis (spermatogony), and increasing the incidence ob abnormalities of spermatozoon heads after Carbadox treatment. In all tests Cyadox was less harmful than Carbadox. The results show that it is somewhat hazardous to use both growth stimulators in the period of animal reproduction. PMID- 6791370 TI - Bovine mastitis caused by Bacillus cereus. PMID- 6791371 TI - Detection of astrovirus in the faeces of red deer. PMID- 6791372 TI - [Organochlorine insecticide and polychlorinated biphenyl residues in some fish species]. AB - Studies were carried out on 7 kinds of fish--Black Sea scad, Aegian sardine, ocean mackerel, white hake, Danube red-fin fish, carp and trout, from fish breeding-ponds, with a purpose of finding residual quantities of chloroganic compounds. The average values found for hexachlorcyclohexane, alpha and gamma, DDT and the metabolites, the dildrine and the polychlorinated biphenyls were considerably lower than those established by other authors about the same or similar kinds of fish: sigma DDR--0.150--4.739 ppm, hexachlorcyclohexane--0.083- 0.304 ppm, dildrine--0.044--0.175 ppm and polychlorinated biphenyls--1.346--7.424 ppm. The results were evaluated on the basis of fat. The lowest quantities of chlorogranic insecticides were proved in fish from breeding-ponds (carp and trout) which did not contain dildrine and polychlorinated biphenyls. A correlation was established between the lipid contents and the quantity of polychlorinated biphenyl [(r) = 0.57] in the fish. The accumulation of chlororganic compounds in the fish was in connection with the way of feeding them and depends on (scad, white hake) the season. The quantities of sigma DDT found in the fish were under the admissible norms of WHO/FAO--7 ppm on the basis of fat for fish, polychlorinated biphenyl--under the temporarily existing norms in the Federal Republic of Germany--10 ppm on the basis of fat. PMID- 6791373 TI - Topological mapping antigenic sites on the influenza A/PR/8/34 virus hemagglutinin using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6791374 TI - The inhibitory factor in aqueous humor. PMID- 6791375 TI - Studies using human lenses from a family displaying hereditary congenital cataracts. PMID- 6791376 TI - [Hemolytic anemia with anti-N and anti-e autoantibodies]. PMID- 6791378 TI - [Basic causes of drowning in underwater divers and the mechanism of voluntary apnea in free diving (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6791377 TI - [Principles of parenteral feeding in surgery]. PMID- 6791379 TI - [Fiber esophagoscopy in the diagnosis of esophageal diverticula and their complications]. PMID- 6791380 TI - [Experimental use of antitumor preparations in low doses]. AB - The susceptibility of tumor tissue to therapeutic and smaller doses of chemotherapeutic drugs was assessed on the basis of SH-group inhibition in vitro. As therapeutic dose was decreased, rhythmic changes of tumor susceptibility were observed. In the experiments on tumor-bearing rats, the small dose of chemotherapeutic agent, which in preliminary in vitro experiments proved to be as effective as therapeutic one (1/5 therapeutic dose), was found to cause the same suppression of tumor growth. However, it did not induce leukopenia, lymphopenia, thymus involution or any other manifestations of stress which followed multiple injections of therapeutic doses. The white blood cell and thymus indices in rats, which received the small dose, suggest the development of reactions of training and activation which increase the nonspecific resistance of organism. PMID- 6791382 TI - Influence of age, sex and blood groups on 15 blood coagulation laboratory variables in a reference material composed of 80 blood donors. AB - 15 blood coagulation and fibrinolysis variables were determined in 80 healthy blood donors. Males were shown to have significantly higher levels of factor VII and factor X, and in subjects with blood group O significantly lower levels of VIIIR:AG were observed. In individuals with blood group O a skewed distribution of VIIIR:AG suggested a mixed population of this antigenic determinant. No significant correlation (r less than 0.36) was found between age and any of the laboratory variables. PMID- 6791383 TI - [Drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in coniotuberculosis]. PMID- 6791381 TI - [Pathogenesis of food poisoning due to enterococci]. AB - The enteropathogenic properties of enterococci having proteolytic characteristics were studied in experiments on isolated loops of the rat and rabbit small intestine. It was shown that Str. faecalis v. liguefaciens (4 strains) and Str. faecalis zymogenes (1 strain) possess enteropathogenic properties. However, the degree of pathogenicity varied, which was confirmed by characteristic macro- and microscopic changes seen in the ligated loops of the small intestine of the experimental animals. PMID- 6791384 TI - [Characteristics of the course of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis with L-forms of mycobacteria in the sputum]. PMID- 6791385 TI - [Sakhalin antigenic group (Bunyaviridae family)]. AB - Serological study of viruses belonging to the Sakhalin group showed Paramushir virus isolated in the USSR and Avalon virus isolated in Canada to be identical in all the tests used. The data on the cultural properties of the Sakhalin group viruses, the virions buoyant densities in sucrose gradient, the data on thermal sensitivity and UV inactivation of the viruses, on their morphology and morphogenesis are presented. PMID- 6791387 TI - [Complications associated with sudden withdrawal of various drugs used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6791386 TI - [Comparative study of different methods of determining ovalbumin in preparations of purified influenza virus]. AB - The degree of purity of inactivated influenza vaccines was assayed in the anaphylaxis test in guinea pigs as well as by the values of total protein and ovalbumin measured by IHA and ID tests. Quantitation of ovalbumin in vaccines by the IHA test with an antiovalbumin diagnostic preparation was found to be most informative, rapid and highly sensitive. This method may be recommended for quantitation of ovalbumin impurities in samples of purified influenza virus obtained by different methods and for different purposes. PMID- 6791388 TI - [Epileptic attack as a cause of postoperative ventricular fibrillation]. PMID- 6791389 TI - [Advances in parenteral and enteral feeding]. PMID- 6791390 TI - [Steroid receptor levels in human breast carcinomas in relation to serum hormone levels in postmenopausal patients (author's transl)]. AB - Serum levels of LH, FSH, HPRL, oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in 45 postmenopausal patients in the morning before they were operated on for primary breast cancer. Cytosol oestradiol - (E2R) and progesterone receptor (PgR) levels were estimated by Scatchard plot analysis of saturation assays using the charcoal method. When serum hormone levels and receptor contents were correlated according to the distribution free test of Spearman, all correlations were found to be insignificant, with the exception of E2R/PgR (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6791391 TI - [Endocrine interrelationships in patients with malignant testicular tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Testicular function was investigated in 40 patients with malignant testicular tumours of different histology and tumour stage, by spermatological and endocrinological analyses. In patients without ectopic production of beta-HCG in the tumour tissue a hypergonadotropic tubular disfunction of the testis was present, resulting in elevated plasma FSH concentrations and moderate to severe oligozoospermia. Ectopic production of beta-HCG in the tumour stimulates the secretion of 17 beta-oestradiol, particularly in the Leydig cells, which suppresses pituitary gonadotropin secretion via negative testicular pituitary feedback. Spermatological analyses showed severe spermatogenetic disorders. Prolactin levels, however, were not altered in patients with testicular cancer. PMID- 6791392 TI - TRH testing and depression. PMID- 6791394 TI - [Social hygiene and economics]. PMID- 6791393 TI - [Protein-sparing effect of various types of peripheral parenteral nutrition]. AB - A randomized clinical study was performed postoperatively in a total of 47 patients comparing three different concepts of peripheral parenteral nutrition. Substituting 1 g amino acids (AA)/kg b.w. daily, the amount of carbohydrates (CH) was changed solely: gr. II no carbohydrates (sole AA-substitution), gr. III 2 g CH/kg b.w. (hypocaloric nutrition) and gr. IV 5 g CH/kg b.w. (basic nutrition). The influence on protein metabolism was examined by cumulative N-balances, various plasma proteins viscerally synthesized and serum amino acids predominantly utilised in peripheral tissues. In comparison to a non-fed-control group (I), hypocaloric nutrition showed the qualitative most favourable protein sparing effect. Besides, 87% of N-retention serum levels of plasma proteins and amino acids investigated could be normalized completely. Peripheral basic nutrition also had a 88% rate of N-retention, however, only peripherally utilised amino acids were influenced beneficially whereas the plasma proteins remained depleted. Sole AA-substitution neither affected amino acid levels nor plasma proteins, and the N-retention rate was significantly lowered (67%). Possibly this type of therapy increases protein turnover solely, while true protein-sparing took place only with additional CH supply. However, a positive effect on visceral protein synthesis was observed exclusively with hypocaloric nutrition. PMID- 6791395 TI - [The pigmented spindle cell tumor of Reed (author's transl)]. AB - The pigmented spindle cell tumour (PSCT) of Reed et al. is described by means of 28 own observations. The possibilities for histological definition and the differential diagnosis is other tumours are discussed. PMID- 6791396 TI - [Changes in diameters of small pulmonary venous and arterial vessels after nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - Diameters of the small arterial and venous pulmonary vessels were studied in 17 patients, using selective pulmonary angiography. The majority had coronary heart disease. Pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were also evaluated. In 11 patients, these procedures were repeated 3 minutes after the sublingual administration of 1.6 mg of nitroglycerin (Group I). The remaining 6 patients served as controls (Group II). In Group I, pulmonary circulatory pressures, left ventricular filling pressure, and pulmonary vascular resistance declined significantly compared with Group II. The diameters of the small pulmonary veins declined by more than 10 percent in Group I while remaining constant in Group II. Differences between the two groups in terms of the response of the small arterial vessels was less evident. Increases in vessel cross-sectional area were observed despite considerably reduced intravascular pressure. The increase in elasticity and capacitance of the pulmonary vessels following nitroglycerin is more pronounced on the venous than on the arterial side. These findings suggest that the pulmonary vascular bed contributes significantly to the therapeutically important pooling effect caused by nitroglycerin in the treatment of angina pectoris and pulmonary edema. PMID- 6791398 TI - [Prevention and long-term therapy of thromboembolism]. PMID- 6791397 TI - The isolation of antibodies specific for 5-methyl-cytidine-bovine serum albumin. AB - By coupling 5-Methyl-cytidine to bovine serum albumin, a conjugate containing 18 mol of 5-Methyl-cytidine per mol of BSA was prepared. Antibodies to this conjugate were produced by immunization of rabbits. Specificity of the antibody was assessed by gel diffusion in agar containing excessive amounts of the carrier BSA. A slight cross-reactivity with cytidine was eliminated by adsorption on the cross-reacting antigen. The isolation of 7S immunoglobulin from the total globulin fraction was accomplished by chromatography on DEAE Sephadex-A-50, and a method for the rapid quantitation of the antibodies showed that 12.7% of the IgG protein are monospecific against 5-Methyl-cytidine bovine serum albumin. PMID- 6791399 TI - [Long-term treatment of diabetes mellitus. Guidelines for dietary and metabolic control]. PMID- 6791400 TI - [Experiences in the long-term treatment of metabolic diseases]. PMID- 6791401 TI - [Long-term treatment of urinary tract infections with tibirox]. PMID- 6791402 TI - [Ulla-Lena, Lilian and Eva test new thoughts and ideas in long term care; results surpass expectations]. PMID- 6791404 TI - [Extracellular toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I. Purification and characterization of two exoproteases (author's transl)]. AB - Alkaline protease (protease I) and a protease with elastase activity (protease II) were isolated from two different strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Proteolytic activity was measured during the early exponential phase of growth and was highest when cultures reached the stationary growth phase. The extracellular character of protease I and II was demonstrated by measuring the intra- and extracellular ATP-concentration. Purification was achieved by precipitation with 65% ammonium sulfate, precipitation with 70% acetone, gelfiltration on Sephadex G-100 and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The purified proteases were characterized. The pH for optimal proteolytic activity of protease I was at pH 9--10, for protease II at pH 8--9. Both enzymes cleaved casein and gelatine, in addition protein II elastin. Enzymatic activity of protease II was inhibited by 10(-3) M EDTA at pH 8.1 to 82%. Inactivation of protease I was not achieved by 10(-2) M EDTA. Molecular weight of protease I was estimated at 57,000, molecular weight of protease II at 39,000. Both enzymes consist of one polypeptide chain. In isoelectric focusing the protease I was separated into two components with pH values of 8.5 and 8.7, while protease II had isoelectric points of pH 6.0 and 6.4. Further characterization of protease I was done with amino acid analysis. Protease I was fairly stable over a pH range of 6--9 at room temperature. The optimal temperature for proteolytic activity was 60 degrees C. The results are discussed in view of proteases of other PA-strains. PMID- 6791405 TI - [Extracellular toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. II. Effect of two proteases on human immunoglobulins IgG, IgA and secretory IgA (author's transl)]. AB - Two proteolytic enzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa--an alkaline protease and an elastase--were incubated with human myeloma proteins IgG and IgA as well as with secretory IgA at 37 degrees C. Digest mixtures were analyzed after 1, 5, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reduction by 2 mercaptoethanol. Under conditions which resulted in cleavage of all three immunoglobulins by the elastase in the hinge-region, the alkaline protease cleaved only IgA. It was suggested that proteases of PA interfere with the immune system of the host by cleavage of immunoglobulins. Elastase-positive PA strains should be more virulent compared with PA strains which produce only alkaline protease or are protease-negative at all. PMID- 6791406 TI - Phagovar determination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a comparison of the results with mitomycin C induced pyocin production. AB - One hundred Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from intensive care areas of a university hospital and other clinical sites were characterized on the basis of their susceptibility to a set of twenty one phages. These strains were previously mitomycin C induced for their pyocin production and their serovars were also determined. All isolates identified on the basis of belonging to the same O-serovars and pyocin patterns, belonged to oe phagovar group. Strains which were non-identifiable with commercial antisera, had to be typed by both phagovar assay and mitomycin C induced pyocin production. Neither phagovar assay nor pyocin production alone gave enough individual characteristics of any one isolate, as to allow proper identification. Patterns with the same configurations in both phagovar and pyocin groups were detected among strains within entirely different O-serovar groups. PMID- 6791407 TI - [Epidemiology and diagnosis of Legionella infections in Austria (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 2,105 patients with atypical pneumonia and febrile infections 15 cases of legionellosis were diagnosed by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFA) in Austria from the middle of 1977 to the end of 1979. Among the patients with the diagnosis of atypical pneumonia Legionnaires' disease was found in 0.65%. Among those patients whose sera were examined because of suspected legionella infection the frequency was 1.96% (p less than 0.1). Therefore it may assumed that some symptoms of legionella infections may lead to the clinical diagnosis of the disease. Neither the geographical distribution of the cases nor environmental examinations nor the prevalence of antibodies gave any indication of an epidemic or hyperendemic occurrence of Legionnaires' disease in Austria. Low antibody titres to serogroup 1 of Legionella pneumophila (1:32-1:64) were found in 6.4%, higher titres (greater than or equal to 1:128) in 1.2% of all patients examined. Crossreactions of sera mainly occurred between antigens of serogroup 1 and serogroup 2. Antibodies to serogroups 3 and 4 were found seldom. According to our results crossreactivity between L. pneumophila on the one side and Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Chlamydia psittaci on the other side is of no importance and does not interfere with serological diagnosis. In serological routine examinations frequency of recent infections with L. pneumophila in patients with pneumonia was about as high as with Chlamydia psittaci or Picornavirus. To our opinion the expenditure for serological diagnosis is justified in all patients with severe pneumonia of unclear etiology as there exists the possibility of a purposive chemotherapy in legionellosis as it does in mycoplasma pneumonia or ornithosis. Moreover for quick diagnosis it should always be attempted to demonstrate the causative agent by direct immunofluorescence or by isolation. PMID- 6791408 TI - Increased serum antibacterial activity after turpentine-induced acute inflammation. AB - An acute inflammatory response was induced in rabbits by an intramuscular injection of turpentine. After this injection serial serum samples were obtained and serum haptoglobin levels were monitored. In addition, increased antibacterial activity was measured using a viable plate and photometric growth assay. As early as 4 hrs after turpentine challenge an increase was noted in serum antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus. At 48 hrs pronounced killing activity was demonstrated against S. aureus and S. epidermidis but not against Escherichia coli or other gram negative bacilli. By five days another serum bactericidal activity was present against Bacillus subtilis. Enhanced serum antibacterial activity persisted for 2 weeks. Partial characterization of these factors indicates that they are probably beta lysins. PMID- 6791409 TI - Comparison of the effects of a multi-component vaccine and a formalin-killed cell vaccine on protection against enzootic of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mink. AB - Effectiveness of a multi-component vaccine consisting of the common antigen (OEP) derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain N 10 (serotype E) and toxoids of protease and elastase was compared with that of formalin-killed cells of strain N 10 on protection against enzootic of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa in mink. One administration of the multi-component vaccine (100 microgram each of OEP, protease toxoid and elastase toxoid) clearly prevented enzootic of hemorrhagic pneumonia due to P. aeruginosa (serotype G) in mink, while a vaccination of formalin-killed cells was much less effective in preventing an epidemic. The difference in mortality rates between two vaccines was remarkable. PMID- 6791411 TI - [Possible etiologic role of Bacillus cereus in acute intestinal diseases of children]. PMID- 6791410 TI - [Role of prolactin determination in sterility diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Prolactin, luteinising hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, 17beta-oestradiol, and testosterone were measured from sera of 307 sterility patients with anovulatory cycles or amenorrhea, among them 32 women with galactorrhoea. Hyperprolactinaemia, with values being between 720 mU and 38.000 mU of prolactin/L, was recorded from 34 patients (11.1 per cent). Increased prolactin levels were recordable from 14 patients with galactorrhoea (43.8 per cent). Gonadotrophins in patients with hyperprolactinaemia were normal in 15 cases and drastically reduced in 19. Strongly reduced 17beta-oestradiol values were measured, at the same time, in eight cases. The above results were matched against literature data. PMID- 6791412 TI - [Relation between the results of gel filtration and electrophoresis of serotype A and G meningococcal polysaccharides]. AB - Meningococcal polysaccharides, serogroups A and C, produced for the vaccinal prophylaxis of meningococcal infection, were found to have pronounced electrophoretic homogeneity in their movement towards the anode in the process of immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel with pH 8.6. In gel filtration through Sepharose 4B the serologically active substance of meningococcal polysaccharides, groups A and C, was eluted in a wide range of Kd values from 0 to 0.9. The immunoelectrophoresis of the samples isolated in gel filtration and having definite Kd values indicated that the regular increase of electrophoretic mobility towards anode occurred as the size or weight of molecules decreased. PMID- 6791413 TI - [Serologic studies of patients with meningococcal nasopharyngitis]. AB - The results of the serological examination of 156 patients with bacteriologically confirmed meningococcal nasopharyngitis are presented. For control 221 patients with acute respiratory diseases and 345 healthy persons from groups having no registered cases of meningococcal infection were examined. The passive hemagglutination test with serogroup A and C polysaccharides revealed the presence of antibody titers between 1:20 and 1:640 in 67.3% of nasopharyngitis patients and antibody titers not exceeding 1:40 in 11.3-11.6% of persons in the control groups. The time course of antibody formation in nasopharyngitis was similar to that in generalized forms, but response was less pronounced: the maximum response was observed on days 5-10, and the decrease of the antibody level by day 20. In 47 foci of meningococcal infection the etiology of the disease was serologically confirmed on the first day of an epidemiologist's visit to the focus in 62.2% of 162 nasopharyngitis patients and in 36% of patients with acute respiratory diseases. PMID- 6791414 TI - [Immunogenicity of the surface polysaccharide of serotype A meningococci possessing different physico-chemical properties]. AB - The influence of changes in the physico-chemical parameters of serogroup A meningococcal polysaccharide on its immunogenicity for mice was studied by means of passive local hemolysis in gel and the passive hemagglutination test. The polysaccharide was depolymerized by heating at 100 degrees C for 5, 30 and 120 minutes; during this process the progressing decrease of the molecular weight and the content of O-acetyl groups in the preparation could be observed. Mice showed high sensitivity to changes in the above-mentioned physico-chemical parameters, which was manifested by a sharp drop in the intensity of the immune response of the animals to the heated samples of the antigen. The role of the parameters under study, i. e. the molecular weight of the antigen and the presence of O acetyl groups, in the manifestations of the immunogenicity of polysaccharide A is discussed. PMID- 6791415 TI - [Immunochemical analysis and protective properties of components of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucus with different molecular weights]. AB - P. aeruginosa slime has been separated into fractions XM-300 (3 X 10(5) daltons and more), XM-100 (1 X 10(5) = 3 X 10(5) daltons), PM-30 (3 X 10(4) = 1 X 10(5) daltons) and PM-10, (1 X 10(4) = 3 X 10(4) daltons) by ultrafiltration. The high molecular slime components (3 X 10(4) daltons and more) have been found to be serologically more active than the low-molecular components (1 X 10(4) = 3 X 10(4) daltons). As shown in experiments on mice, both high-molecular toxic and low-molecular nontoxic slime components have protective activity, but the high molecular components are more active than the low-molecular ones. The slime components stimulate the formation of immunity to homologous and partially heterologous P. aeruginosa strains in mice. Antigenic relationship between the slime components (especially the high-molecular ones) and the corresponding lipopolysaccharides has been noted. PMID- 6791416 TI - [Viability of enterococci and Escherichia coli group bacteria on vegetables and fruit]. PMID- 6791417 TI - [Effect of metabolites of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on rabbit large intestine microflora]. PMID- 6791418 TI - [Pathogenicity factors of melanin-forming strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The data on the capacity of 50 melanogenic and 50 amelanogenic P. aeruginosa strains to produce hemolysins, gelatinase, caseinase, DNAase, RNAase, lecithinase, elastase, neuraminidase and to form extracellular slime, obtained in the comparative study of these strains in vitro, are presented. Melanogenic P. aeruginosa cultures were found to have a higher lecithinase and neuraminidase activity. The strains incapable of melanogenesis formed slime more frequently. The properties of the strains in respect to other pathogenicity characteristics under study were identical. PMID- 6791419 TI - [Morphologic, cultural, and biochemical properties of cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients, animals, and the environment]. AB - The properties of 279 Ps. aeruginosa strains were studied in 70 tests. The use of a synthetic peptone-free mineral medium for the determination of sugar oxidation was shown to have advantages over the use of liquid Giess' media. Ps. aeruginosa cultures isolated from human patients, animals, soil and water were characterized by a number of common signs, irrespective of their origin. The strains isolated from human patients were resistant practically to all antibiotics widely used in clinical practice; the cultures isolated from soil and water retained their sensitivity to antibiotics; the strains isolated from animals retained sensitivity to some antibiotics. To identify Ps. aeruginosa in practical bacteriological laboratories, the following parameters should be determined: mobility; the character of growth in Levine's and Ploskirev's media; ability to grow at 42 degrees C and 4 degrees C; the fermentation of carbohydrates in Olkenitsky's medium and their oxidation in a mineral medium; indole and hydroxide sulfide production; the methyl red and Voges--Proskauer reaction; the presence of pigments, oxidase, catalase, gelatinase, nitrate reductase and arginine dehydrolase, urease; resistance to antibiotics. PMID- 6791420 TI - [Pathogenesis of migraine]. AB - The extracranial and digital blood flow was examined in 60 patients with migraine and 15 healthy probands. The reaction of the extracranial vessels was evaluated in the patients with migraine in the interparoxysmal period, as compared with the control healthy individuals exposed to stress stimuli (local cooling, doing mental arithmetics, Valsalva's test), or given electrothermal bath or nitroglycerin. The existence of spontaneous fluctuations of the extracranial blood flow in the migraine patients is demonstrated. It has been found that in patients with the classical form of migraine the pain paroxysms are combined with an increase of the extracranial and a diminution of the digital blood flow. PMID- 6791421 TI - Amino acid composition of the mu chains of IgM of normal serum, monoclonal cryoglobulin and Waldenstrom macroglobulin. AB - The purified IgM of normal human serum, monoclonal cryoglobulin and Waldenstrom macroglobulin were reduced, alkylated and subjected to Sephadex G-100 filtration. The mu chains separated were hydrolysed and analysed for amino acid content. In both monoclonal proteins the content of hydroxyproline in mu chains was lower than in the IgM of normal serum. The mu chain of monoclonal cryoglobulin contained less serine, methionine and tyrosine, whereas mu chains of Waldenstrom macroglobulin showed a lower level of cystine as compared with the IgM of normal serum. On the other hand, the content of valine and basic amino acids was higher in both monoclonal proteins. PMID- 6791422 TI - Isolation and partial amino acid sequence of the trypsin inhibitor from the seeds of Cucurbita maxima. AB - Trypsin inhibitor from squash (Cucurbita maxima) seed was extracted with 0.1 M acetate buffer, pH 4.5, purified on immobilized trypsin, and separated by SE Sephadex C-50 chromatography into three active fractions. All of them inhibited trypsin to the same extent, showed no antichymotrypsin or antikallikrein activity, had a similar molecular weight (about 3300), and contained no tryptophan, phenylalanine or threonine. The partial amino acid sequence of tryptic and peptic peptides of fraction III was determined by Edman degradation procedure. PMID- 6791423 TI - [Parenteral alimentation in the early postoperative period]. AB - Parenteral diet is a rather important problem for all of medical science, but especially for intensive care units. During the last few decades, a significant advancement has been made in this field, and there are indications that parenteral diet will be still more adequate, quantitatively and qualitatively, in the future. According to many published papers, patients can now be maintained exclusively on a parenteral diet, as our ward has done in the treatment of a variety of illnesses and diseases. This paper describes all the ingredients necessary for a parenteral diet. Briefly described are the effects on the organism, caloric values, and the ways in which the cells and organs utilize the food (as energy sources). All the preparations that we have used as well as those used by other institutions both foreign and domestic are listed. A full list of the ingredients of the preparations would consume too much space: however, there is a wealth of available literature and brochures for the reader who would like more detailed information. Based on the experience of a great many authors and that of our own institution, guidelines to be followed daily are provided. For such a program to be effectively applied, each member of the team should constantly monitor the parenteral diet, and there should be a frequent exchange of information and experiences. By so doing, still more could be contributed to overcoming this important problem. PMID- 6791424 TI - Leukotrienes and the lipoxygenases pathways. PMID- 6791425 TI - Plasma prolactin and gonadotrophins in anorexia nervosa and amenorrhoea due to weight loss. AB - The role of prolactin in anorexia nervosa is controversial and both hyperprolactinaemia and normoprolactinaemia were reported in patients with anorexia nervosa. We have measured immunoreactive prolactin by radioimmunoassay in plasma samples from 14 consecutive patients with anorexia nervosa and found normoprolactinaemia in 13 patients and a borderline elevation of plasma prolactin in one patient. The mean plasma prolactin level in anorexia nervosa patients did not differ from an age-matched control group of patients with amenorrhoea due to simple weight loss. While we were unable to confirm reports on the common occurrence of hyperprolactinaemia in anorexia nervosa, the absence of hyperprolactinaemia suggests a different mechanism of amenorrhoea in patients with anorexia nervosa and due to simple dieting from that in idiopathic secondary amenorrhoea in which the frequency of hyperprolactinaemia is about 30%. The mean plasma follicle-stimulating hormone was abnormally low both in patients with anorexia nervosa and simple weight loss, while the mean plasma luteinizing hormone was depressed only in patients with anorexia nervosa. This difference is compatible with a more profound hypothalamic disorder in anorexia nervosa, which is not solely dependent on the weight loss, than in amenorrhoea due to simple dieting. PMID- 6791426 TI - Inhibition of luteinizing hormone release by dopamine infusion in healthy women and in various pathophysiological conditions. AB - To investigate the effect of dopaminergic stimulation on gonadotrophin release, serum LH and FSH concentrations were measured during dopamine infusion (5 microgram/kg/min for 120 min) in 8 healthy women in the early follicular phase, in 12 patients with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea, in 5 subjects with premature ovarian failure and in 8 with polycystic ovarian disease and raised serum LH levels. Dopamine infusion produced a significant LH decrease compared with a control study using saline in all groups; there were no significant changes in FSH concentration. Between groups analysis showed a significantly greater LH fall in patients with polycystic ovarian disease than in the other groups. Dopamine inhibits LH release in healthy women and patients with anovulatory states of varying aetiology, and enhanced sensitivity to this inhibitory mechanism exists in polycystic ovarian disease. This finding suggests reduced dopamine activity at the median eminence level in this condition. PMID- 6791427 TI - Effect of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and its analogues on growth hormone secretion in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - Variations in plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations following iv or sc administration of synthetic thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH, Pyr-His-Pro-NH2) have been followed in immature and adult domestic fowl. TRH markedly stimulated GH secretion in newly hatched (1 and 2 day old) chicks and in 6-week-old cockerels but in adult male or female birds of two strains had very little effect, if any. Intravenous injection of 4 TRH analogues (Pyr-His-Mep-NH2, Pyr Meh-Mep-NH2, Pyr-Meh-Mep-NH and Pyr-Meh-Pro-NH2) were also potent GH secretagogues in 6-week-old birds. The stimulatory effect of TRH or the TRH analogues on GH secretion was not dose-related. PMID- 6791428 TI - The effect of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and of human serum on steps in proteoglycan synthesis. AB - Embryonic chick pelvic cartilages were incubated in the presence of insulin like growth factor (IGF) (1 - 100 microunits/ml), as well as normal human serum (5%), with radiolabelled precursors of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis: L-[3-3H]serine, D [6-3H]glucosamine and [35S]Na2SO4. IGF alone (1 - 15 microunits/ml), stimulated in a dose-dependent manner D-[6-3H]glucosamine incorporation into tissue-bound and soluble isolated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains. L-[3-3H]serine incorporation into PG molecules was not stimulated by IGF (1 - 100 microunits/ml), despite the increase in the uptake of this precursor into intact cartilage. [35S]Na2SO4 incorporation was unaffected by IGF. Serum promoted the uptake of all three precursors into tissue-bound glycosaminoglycans. It was postulated that IGF could stimulate proteoglycan synthesis not only by elongating existing chondroitin sulphate chains but also by increased synthesis of other sugar chains e.g. keratan sulphate and oligosaccharides. PMID- 6791429 TI - Prostaglandins PGE and PGF in human ovarian follicles: endogenous contents and in vitro formation by theca and granulosa cells. AB - The possible role of prostaglandins of the PGE and PGF series in the follicular compartment of human ovaries or the capacity of that tissue of form them is not well defined. In the present experiment we have examined 1) the endogenous concentrations of PGE and PGF in follicles of human ovaries at various stages of the menstrual cycle, 2) the capacity of separated theca and granulosa to form PGE and PGF in vitro in the presence of substrate arachidonic acid and 3) the possible modulation of that capacity by previous in vitro exposure to hCG (10 IU) alone or in combination with hMG (5 IU). PGE and PGF were determined by radioimmunoassay. Follicles from all stages of the cycle were found to contain measurable amounts of PGE (0.10 - 3.75 ng/follicle) and PGF (0.13 - 1.11 ng/follicle). These compounds were localized more in the theca than the granulosa cells. On a per follicle basis theca showed more capacity to form PGE and PGF in vitro than the corresponding granulosa cells. However, exposure to gonadotrophins stimulated PGE and PGF formation in the granulosa cells and not in the theca. The presence of PGE and PGF in the follicles indicates a physiological role for these compounds in that tissue. Although thecal tissue showed a greater intrinsic capacity to form PGE and PGF, the contribution of granulosa cells may be more important under acute gonadotrophin stimulation. PMID- 6791430 TI - Anemia associated wit lactic acidosis. PMID- 6791431 TI - Circulating immune complexes in sickle cell hepatic crises. PMID- 6791432 TI - Cytochemical demonstration of transferrin in the mitochondria of immature human erythroid cells. AB - The direct immunoperoxidase technique was employed to show the localization of transferrin in immature human erythroid cells. The present method is interesting in that use was made of a small marker (HRP-Fab' complex) and in that the endogenous peroxidase was blocked under a controlled condition- this ensured good structural preservation allowing electron-microscopic examination. Cytoplasmic transferrin was found not only in the micropinocytotic vesicles but also within the mitochondrial membrane. Similar findings were made in all the immature erythroid cells examined, each of which was in a different erythropoietic condition. Thus, it may be concluded that the present study provides morphological evidence for the endocytotic iron transport to the mitochondria. PMID- 6791433 TI - Serum immunoglobulins in homozygous beta-thalassemia. AB - IgG, IgA and IgM levels were studied in 187 homozygous beta-thalassemic patients and compared with age-matched normal control subjects. The not yet transfused and the polytransfused nonsplenectomized patients showed a significant increase of all Ig classes. The polytransfused splenectomized patients showed a significant increase only of IgG and IgA. The splenectomized patients, when compared to the nonsplenectomized ones, showed a significant increase of IgG, of IgA in the elder ones and a significant reduction of IgM. High ASLO and ASFLO titers were found especially in the splenectomized patients. The high Ig levels in younger not yet transfused patients, with little iron storage and normal hepatic enzyme values, demonstrate that transfusion therapy and liver damage do not play a main role in hypergammaglobulinemia. The absence of antimitochondrial, anticonnective tissue and homogeneous antinuclear antibodies seems to exclude a deficient suppressor mechanism. The hemocatheteric "overworking' of RES may reduce the antigen clearance with a consequent increase of antibody response. Splenectomy, by removing a consistent part of RES, enhances the phenomenon. PMID- 6791434 TI - Hemoglobin H disease from Algeria: genetic and molecular characterization. AB - A case of Hb H disease from Algeria was studied at the genetic and molecular level in order to delineate the pattern of alpha-thalassemia in the Mediterranean population. The family study indicated that both parents had the hematological and clinical manifestation of alpha-thalassemia trait and that the affected sibling had homozygous alpha-thalassemia with 5.6% Hb H, microcytosis and an alpha-/non-alpha-biosynthetic ratio of 0.64. Hybridization in globin cDNA alpha excess suggested that the molecular defect responsible for this form of alpha thalassemia is a partial deletion of the haploid stock of alpha-globin genes. The Algerian case of Hb H disease studied thus differs from Asian and Negro cases by the mode of inheritance of the alpha-thalassemia mutation involved. PMID- 6791435 TI - Chronic liver disease in transfusion-dependent thalassemia: liver iron quantitation and distribution. AB - The quantitative and/or qualitative distribution of liver iron was assessed in 81 transfusion-dependent thalassemia major patients with chronic liver disease (36 with chronic active hepatitis, 23 with chronic persistent hepatitis, 22 with siderosis). Viral marker studies showed only 3 cases with both HBsAg and anti-HBc positivity in the serum, while the others had anti-HBc and anti-HBs or only anti HBs or no B viral markers. A significantly higher iron overload was found in chronic hepatitis, particularly chronic active hepatitis, than in siderosis. The increased iron overload may be due to less intensive chelation treatment, higher intestinal absorption secondary to lower mean Hb levels, and/or to liver inflammation-dependent iron deposition. The liver iron overload in turn amy facilitate the development or persistence of chronic progressive liver disease. PMID- 6791437 TI - Protein changes in cerebrospinal fluid of children with meningeal leukemia. PMID- 6791436 TI - Megathrombocytes, platelet regeneration time and platelet associated IgG in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and in thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. AB - Percentage of megathrombocytes, platelet regeneration time (PRT) and platelet Associated IgG (Pl-A-IgG) were investigated in 12 patients with clinical features consistent with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and in 11 patients with thrombocytopenia associated with chronic liver disease. Bone marrow smears were also examined and megakaryocytes classified into stages I-III according to the current principle. Of 12 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura the percentage of megathrombocytes was increased in 9, PRT reduced in 10, and Pl-A IgG increased in 8 patients. A statistically significant correlation was found between the percentage of megathrombocytes and the level of Pl-A-IgG. A slight correlation was also found between PRT and the percentage of megathrombocytes, while a significant correlation was found between megakaryocytes in stage I and the percentage of megathrombocytes, suggesting that growth of megakaryocytes probably contributes to platelet heterogeneity. In patients with thrombocytopenia and chronic liver disease, the percentage of megathrombocytes was in the normal range. A moderately increased level of Pl-A-IgG was found only in patients with active chronic hepatitis, PRT was reduced only in a few patients, while most of them also showed an increase of Pl-A-IgG. PMID- 6791438 TI - Primary Hodgkin's disease of the thyroid. Report of a case demonstrated by immunoperoxidase-positive Reed-Sternberg cells. PMID- 6791440 TI - Platelet functions before, during and after labor. AB - Platelet functions were evaluated in 20 healthy pregnant women in the last months of pregnancy, during labor, and 5-12 weeks after labor. The results showed an increased platelet count, bleeding time and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test, as well as an increased plasma calcium level postlabor. ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation during labor was markedly decreased, followed by a statistically significant increase postlabor. These findings are in correlation with the high incidence of thromboembolic phenomena occurring postlabor. PMID- 6791439 TI - Acute blast crisis in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Immunoperoxidase study. AB - Using a case study of a blastic crisis supervening on chronic lymphocytic leukemia, we were able to determine that the cells in question were B cells derived from the same clone by using immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. The immunoperoxidase technique provided excellent morphological details and enhanced the phenotype study. PMID- 6791441 TI - [Erythrocytes as antigen-carrier for enzyme-immunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - It is presented a method, which applied virus absorbing erythrocytes for enzyme immunoassay. Antibodies, immunologically bound to sensitized erythrocytes, are enzyme-serologically detected and microscope-photometrically quantified. The comparison to the immunofluorescent technique shows a strong correlation of the titres r = 0.897. PMID- 6791442 TI - [Na-glutamate sensitive neurons in the area postrema of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - A single subcutaneous injection of monosodium-L-glutamate induces severe ultrastructural alterations in certain AChE positive parenchymal cells of the Area postrema of the adult rat. Signs of cellular degeneration include massive intracellular edema, swelling of mitochondria, vacuolization of the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and marked alterations in the chromatin pattern of the nucleus. Identification of these cells as neurons is based on the presence of axosomatic synapses. PMID- 6791443 TI - [Histochemical demonstration of beta-glucuronidase and leucine aminopeptidase in cultivated aortic endothelial cells (author's transl)]. AB - With the aid of histochemical techniques, the activity of beta-GD, LAP, NADH-D, and LDH of in vitro cultivated calf aortic endothelial cells were compared with the activity of these enzymes in different tumours in vivo. The relative high level of beta-GD, NADH-D, and LDH in the endothelial cells is comparable with the increased activity of these enzymes in invasive growing tumours. The results were discussed in connection with a possible enzymolytic effect during the invasive growth of capillary endothelial cells in course of neovascularization in vivo. PMID- 6791444 TI - [GABA fluophore formation due to ninhydrin reaction in the octanolic milieu. Fluorescence histochemical investigation. 3. Information (author's transl)]. AB - Various steps of the ninhydrin-reaction in the octanolic milieu (Wolman 1971; Pfister and Gorne 1978) were tested on the cerebellum of adult rats. The results of the fluorescence histochemical procedure was found to be in comparison with the results ascertained to spectrofluorometric method. The findings were further indicative for a GABA-specificity of the reaction. PMID- 6791445 TI - [Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in flask cells of the clawfrog mesonephros (Xenopus laevis Daudin) (author's transl)]. AB - Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated in the flask cells of intermediate segments and collecting tubules of the clawfrog-mesonephros with the cobalt bicarbonate method of Hausler (1958) and Hansson (1967). Additional the luminal surface of proximal and distal convoluted tubules reacted positively. By electron microscopy the enzyme activity in the flask cells was localized mainly on the surface of microvilli like cytoplasmic processes which lined the lumen of intracellular secretion capillaries. The existence of carbonic anhydrase in the flask cells is related to a possible physiological function of these cells. PMID- 6791447 TI - [Electron microscopical investigations on islets of Langerhans in sand rats (Psammomys obesus) before manifestation of diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. AB - Electron microscopical investigations of islets of Langerhans are carried out in "protodiabetic" sand rats. In the B-cells and beta-Granules (2 to 5) aggregated. Mitochondrias, Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum are increased. These B-cells are stimulated. The A-cells are degranulated, and lipofuscin granules are in the cytoplasm present. These cells were stimulated too. The D cells are not stimulated. PMID- 6791446 TI - Absorption spectrum of Feulgen-stained polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Hetero- and euchromatic polytene chromosome regions of early and fully grown larvae of Drosophila melanogaster had their Feulgen absorption curves determined cytophotometrically. Hydrolysis conditions adequate to induce maximal DNA depurination were used. No differences in curve shapes specially concerning the absorption shoulder at the 520 less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 550 nm spectral range were detected with advancing polytenization or when comparing the absorption patterns for the hetero- and euchromatic regions to each other. It is considered that prominence of the Feulgen absorption shoulder could be related to the amount of Schiff molecules di-substituted with apurinic acid aldehydes and to the relatively larger resistance of these apurinic acid fragments towards solubilization with acid hydrolysis due to their binding to nuclear proteins. It is therefore assumed that no significant differences owing to the above-cited factors exist for the chromosome regions analyzed at 2 phases of the polytenization process. Consequently, the replication of reiterated sequences from the main band DNA which occurs in polytene chromosome regions of Drosophila melanogaster appears not to affect the Feulgen absorption spectrum of this material. PMID- 6791448 TI - [Element standards for quantitative X-ray microanalysis of biological specimens in the scanning transmission electron microscope]. AB - Quantitation in biological X-ray microanalysis usually depends on the reference to one or more element standards. This paper deals with the general characteristics of such standards and gives a survey of the various methods of standard preparation reported in literature. Their advantages and disadvantages are briefly discussed. Practical experiments were carried out to prepare a potassium, calcium, and sulfur standard for X-ray microanalysis in the scanning transmission electron microscope. PMID- 6791449 TI - [A-cell-hyperplasia of islets of Langerhans on rabbits after immunisation with glucagon (author's transl)]. AB - Rabbits are immunized with glucagon for the production of anti-glucagonsera. Pancreatic islets of 9 animals are investigated histochemically. In the islets of immunized rabbits is a hyperplasia of A-cells detected. Singular islets consist only of A-cells. PMID- 6791450 TI - [Comparison of 100 micrograms TRH intravenously and 40 mg TRH orally in euthyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Euthyroid in-patients were investigated with 100 micrograms TRH given intravenously and with 40 mg TRH given orally in order to compare the sensitivity of intravenous and oral TRH-test. In all patients (age 15-91 years) maximal TSH levels 180 min after 40 mg TRH are significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than maximal TSH-levels 30 min after 100 micrograms TRH. In patients under 50 years of age TSH-30 and TSH-180 are identical on average (6.42 +/- 0.29 microunits/ml vs. 6.53 +/- 0.54 microunits/ml/log x +/- SDlog). In patients older than 50 years TSH 30 is significantly lower (p less than 0.02) than in patients aging less than 50 years (2.11 +/- 0.88 microunits/ml vs. 6.42 +/- 0.29 microunits/ml). Both age related groups demonstrate no significant difference (p greater than 0.2) in TSH 180 after 40 mg TRH (6.53 +/- 0.54 microunits/ml vs. 3.65 +/- 0.74 microunits/ml). 14 cases (34%) are low or non responders to 100 micrograms TRH intravenously, 8 (19.5%) only following 40 mg TRH orally. Patients with complete TSH-suppression (both iv. and oral TRH-test negative) show significant (p less than 0.05) higher ETR, T4 and fT4 than patients with partial TSH-suppression (iv. negative and oral TRH-test positive). The dose of 100 micrograms TRH does not increase the sensitivity of the test, the specificity is decreased in older patients, the dose of 100 micrograms TRH seems to be to low to yield reliable results. 40 mg TRH orally does not show any false positive findings, because TSH stimulation is longer and more intensive. T3 increase three hours after orally TRH-application indicates an intact feedback mechanism. PMID- 6791451 TI - [Early traumatic epilepsy. Contribution]. PMID- 6791452 TI - [Daily plasma fluctuations of diphenylhydantoin in patients treated with diphenylhydantoin and sodium valproate]. PMID- 6791453 TI - [The use of dipropylacetamide in anti-epileptic therapy. Pharmacological and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6791454 TI - [Polytherapy and monotherapy in the treatment of patients with epilepsy]. PMID- 6791456 TI - The complications of CO2 laser surgery in otolaryngology. PMID- 6791455 TI - Extra--amniotic instillation of rivanol in the management of patients with missed abortion and fetal death. AB - Twelve patients with missed abortion or fetal death were induced by the extra amniotic instillation of Rivanol (6.9-diamino-2-oxyethylacridin lactate). Delivery was achieved in all patients with a mean induction-delivery time of 15.3 hours (range 7.1--21.7). There were no complications or side-effects. It is concluded that extra-amniotic instillation of Rivanol is a safe and efficient method for induction of labor in missed abortion and fetal death. PMID- 6791457 TI - Labyrinthine barriers and cochlear homeostasis. AB - The blood-labyrinth barrier is a concept used to explain the stability of composition of the labyrinthine fluids in spite of systemic alterations in blood composition. This blood-labyrinth barrier concept was tested by injecting various test substances into the systemic circulation of experimental animals and recovering these compounds in perilymph. The concentration of each test substance in perilymph lagged behind that of serum, and the transport of a series of test substances was found to be inversely related to the molecular weight and diameter. Among the osmotic agents injected, glycerol and urea penetrated into perilymph to a considerable degree, however, mannitol did not enter perilymph in any significant amount. This may explain the clinical differences noted with these agents in testing for Meniere's disease. Furosemide, an ototoxic diuretic, was found to penetrate into perilymph after intravenous injection into chinchillas. The concentration of furosemide, measured by high pressure liquid chromatography, was fairly constant at the time of full recovery of endocochlear potential after doses of 50-200 mg/kg. The principle of correlating drug concentration in serum and in inner ear fluids with pathophysiologic effect may provide a prediction of threshold concentration of ototoxic effect by measurement of serum concentration of the drug. More extensive studies are necessary to clarify the role of the blood-labyrinth barrier in the regulatory mechanisms which maintain the homeostasis in the inner ear and the pathology which may follow when this homeostasis is disrupted. PMID- 6791458 TI - Relationship between the postnatal development of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system and the electrolyte and acid-base status in the sodium chloride supplemented premature infant. PMID- 6791459 TI - Growth hormone deficiency: analysis of 49 patients. AB - In a survey of 49 children idiopathic growth hormone deficiency, a sex ratio of 3 : 2 was found. Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) was seen in 31 and isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) in 18 cases. The incidence of breech delivery was 32.5%; it occurred more frequently in MPHD than in IGHD. In one family there were two affected brothers whose birth weight was 4800 and 4900 g, respectively, and who were extremely retarded in growth. Screening of 594 children 1 to 9 years of age with cleft lip and palate was carried out; 1 child with growth hormone deficiency was detected. A study of the value of different thyroid hormones in the diagnosis of secondary and tertiary hypothyroidism showed that in spite of low free thyroxin concentrations the thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels are often normal. The discrepancy is probably due to a significantly higher plasma level of thyroxine-binding globulin demonstrated in children with hypopituitarism. PMID- 6791460 TI - Comparison of some methods used for the testing of the effect of disinfectants. PMID- 6791461 TI - [Determination of penamecillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (v-penicillic acid) based on the infrared spectra of Maripen and Vegacillin]. PMID- 6791462 TI - [Microbiological preservation effect of chlorhexidine acetate]. PMID- 6791463 TI - [Decomposition of penamecillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (v-penicillic acid) in a chloroform medium]. PMID- 6791464 TI - Pathomorphology of hepatic wound evoked by cutting with CO2 laser knife. PMID- 6791465 TI - Experimental study of new cerebral protective substances - functional recovery of severe, incomplete ischaemic brain lesions pretreated with mannitol an fluorocarbon emulsion. AB - Using the "canine model of complete ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method" in which it is possible to control the degree of blood flow to a cerebral hemisphere via a perfusion pump, the effects of mannitol (which acts as a free radical scavenger) and fluorocarbon emulsion (FC) (which has 0.1 micron of average particle size and a high oxygen-carrying capacity) on cerebral ischaemia were investigated. After pretreatment with the drugs, blood flow was reduced via the pump to 1/10 the normal state and 1 hour later, return to a normal state allowed. Subsequent changes in electrical activity were observed and the effectors of the drugs evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of electrical activity was seen, but in the animals treated with either mannitol or FC, incomplete, yet distinct recovery was apparent. In the animals administered mannitol together with FC, however, marked recovery was evident. These experimental results indicate that the combined administration of mannitol and FC is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischaemia. PMID- 6791467 TI - Infantile cystinosis: a reappraisal of early and late symptoms. PMID- 6791466 TI - Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part 2: Effects of acute therapy with diuretics. AB - Increased intracranial pressure due to brain oedema was produced in albino rabbits by combining a cryogenic lesion in the left hemisphere with the intraperitoneal administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (cytotoxic agent). The most effective reduction in ICP (74%) was achieved when furosemide and mannitol were used in combination. When either mannitol or furosemide was employed alone, the average ICP reduction was approximately 53%. Peak ICP reduction occurred at 45 minutes with furosemide, 30 minutes with mannitol and furosemide combined, and at 60 minutes with a combination of mannitol and acetazolamide. Also studied simultaneously in these animals were investigated elastance (Em), brain water content, hemispheric water volume content, electrolytes, EEG, and gross pathology. Following therapy there was a statistically significance reduction of water content in the left hemisphere (cryogenic lesion) by all therapeutic modalities except with furosemide alone. In the right hemisphere the water content was reduced by furosemide and the furosemide-mannitol combination but not by the association of mannitol with acetazolamide. A significant decrease of brain sodium was noted only for the combination of mannitol and furosemide. This study indicates that effective reduction of cytotoxic-cryogenic brain oedema and intracranial hypertension can be obtained with a variety of diuretic agents. From the standpoint of tissue dehydration, restoration of tissue electrolyte balance, and rate of ICP reduction, the combination of furosemide-mannitol appears to offer advantages over furosemide alone, or acetazolamide-mannitol. PMID- 6791468 TI - Familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency - a new metabolic disease with renal involvement. PMID- 6791469 TI - Human and experimental nephropathies associated with antibodies to tubular basement membrane. PMID- 6791470 TI - Acute renal failure: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6791471 TI - Tissue culture of isolated renal glomeruli: present and future. PMID- 6791473 TI - An immunologic approach to hypertension. PMID- 6791472 TI - Prostaglandins, prostacyclin and arteries. PMID- 6791474 TI - Vascular permeability factor produced by lymphocytes of patients with nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6791475 TI - Cyclosporin A in organ transplantation. PMID- 6791476 TI - Abnormal erythrocyte cation fluxes in human hypertension. PMID- 6791477 TI - Genetics of hypertensive diseases -- experimental studies on pathogenesis, detection of predisposition and prevention. PMID- 6791478 TI - The antidiuretic hormone and arterial hypertension: recent observations in rats. PMID- 6791479 TI - Improvement in peripheral blood lymphocyte response to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen during gold treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte mitogen responsiveness was studied in 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis being treated with sodium aurothiomalate. There was a significant increase in lymphocyte response to concanavalin A and pokeweed mitogen but not to phytohaemagglutinin. This observed increase in lymphocyte response contrasts with the suppressive effect of gold salts in vitro. We propose that this apparent contradiction may be explained by the relatively low serum gold levels measured in our patients, compared with expected levels in synovial membrane. Thus gold could suppress rheumatoid inflammation in the "target tissue" while having little suppressive action in the peripheral blood compartment, where a removal of suppressive influences due to active disease might then be seen as a net improvement in lymphocyte responsiveness. PMID- 6791480 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on cyclo-oxygenase activity in reno-medullary cells in culture. AB - The steroid-induced inhibition of prostaglandin secretion has been shown to be mediated through the interaction of the steroid with specific receptors and to require RNA and protein synthesis. At present the nature of the protein(s) involved is unknown although several suggestions have been made for the role of phospholipase A2. It has also been postulated that the early action of steroid is a stimulation of cyclo-oxygenase activity leading only secondarily to an inhibition of arachidonate supply. In this paper, we have therefore investigated the effect of dexamethasone on cyclo-oxygenase activity in cultures of rat reno medullary interstitial cells. Pretreatment of the cells with the anti inflammatory steroid dexamethasone induces a moderate increase in cyclo-oxygenase activity but this elevation does not appear sufficient to account for the inhibitory action of dexamethasone on PG secretion. PMID- 6791481 TI - Adjuvant arthritic rat serum enhances HETE1 biosynthesis. AB - The effect of serum from adjuvant arthritic rats in the chronic inflammatory stage, on lipoxygenase activity in either rat peritoneal macrophages, intact rabbit platelets or the cytoplasmic fraction of horse platelet homogenates was studied. All preparations produced significantly more HETE from exogenous arachidonic acid in the presence of arthritic serum than normal serum. This effect was known not to be associated with the lower albumin level in arthritic serum, and it was specific for the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism as there was no effect on cyclo-oxygenase activity. The presence of an arthritic serum factor(s), with a molecular weight in the range of 100,000 as indicated by gel-filtration experiments, which specifically enhances the synthesis of HETE, is proposed. PMID- 6791482 TI - Inhibition of arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase activities of leukocytes by indomethacin and compound BW755C. AB - Arachidonic acid is metabolized via two pathways in leukocytes: cyclo-oxygenase, leading to the stable prostaglandins, and lipoxygenase, leading to hydroxyacids. Indomethacin inhibits the cyclo-oxygenase selectively, whereas compound BW755C (3 amino-1-(m-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-pyrazoline) inhibits both pathways equally. This offers a possible explanation for the differing activities of these two compounds in inflammatory models in vivo. The patterns of product inhibition by the two compounds support the suggestion that 11-HETE (hydroxy-eicosate-traenoic acid) and 15-HETE can arise by incomplete operation of the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. PMID- 6791483 TI - [The presence of microorganisms in improperly filled root canals]. PMID- 6791484 TI - Verapamil therapy in variant angina pectoris refractory to nitrates. AB - Conventional therapy including nitrates, beta blockers, and surgical bypass has proved to be generally unsatisfactory in patients with variant angina of suspected vasospastic etiology. Recent evidence regarding the role of calcium in the pathogenesis of vascular smooth muscle spasm prompted an open study of the clinical effects of verapamil in seven patients with recurrent rest angina refractory to nitrates. The patients studied met strict clinical ECG and angiographic criteria for vasospastic angina. All patients had rapid (within 24 hours) and complete (without recurrence of symptoms) chronic response to oral verapamil therapy. The pharmacology of verapamil relating to the pathogenesis of vasospastic angina is delineated and guidelines for the clinical application of the agent are presented. PMID- 6791485 TI - Altered exercise ventilatory responses by apparent propranolol-diminished glucose metabolism: implications concerning impaired physical training benefit in coronary patients. AB - The effect of a single oral 40 mg dose of propranolol on ventilatory responses to symptom-limited maximal exercise were studied in 14 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and in four normal volunteers. In both groups, there was significant reduction of carbon dioxide production, minute ventilation, and respiratory exchange ratio at matched workloads. Propranolol did not affect oxygen uptake at matched workloads. A possible explanation of these findings was that propranolol, as a result of beta blockade, inhibited stimulation of glucose metabolism during exercise. Such an effect may diminish ability of CAD patients taking propranolol to obtain beneficial results of an exercise training program. PMID- 6791486 TI - Sustained effectiveness of minoxidil in heart failure after development of tolerance to other vasodilator drugs. AB - Although a variety of vasodilator drugs produce acute hemodynamic improvement in patients with severe chronic heart failure, long-term treatment with these agents may be associated with the development of drug tolerance and loss of initial beneficial effects. Five serial right heart catheterizations in a 78 year old man with severe chronic heart failure due to idiopathic cardiomyopathy documented the development of hemodynamic and clinical tolerance to oral hydralazine and oral captopril after initial responses were observed to both agents. However, sustained hemodynamic and clinical improvement by invasive testing was noted with minoxidil (20 mg orally twice daily) after 4 and 9 weeks of continuous therapy. These observations indicate that pharmacologic tolerance may occur with a variety of vasodilator drugs and may account for the failure of some patients to improve clinically with long-term therapy despite initial favorable hemodynamic effects. However, such tolerance seems to be drug-specific and, hence, its recognition in an individual patient does not prelude responsiveness to other vasodilator agents. PMID- 6791488 TI - Unstable angina pectoris: do we know the best management? PMID- 6791487 TI - Long-term antianginal action of verapamil assessed with quantitated serial treadmill stress testing. AB - The long-term efficacy of verapamil in a dose of 360 mg daily in patients with chronic stable angina pectoris was assessed by quantitated serial treadmill exercise tests. Twenty-eight patients were investigated with a placebo controlled, double-blind, crossover protocol of 2 weeks each and afterward all patients were put on long-term therapy. Exercise tests were performed at the end of the placebo period and after 2, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 52 weeks of verapamil therapy. All 28 experienced angina during treadmill tests on placebo and the mean (+/- standard error of the mean) exercise time was 6.6 +/- 0.5 minutes. This increased to 9.2 +/- 0.8 minutes at 2 weeks and 50 11.2 +/- 0.8 minutes at 4 weeks. Fifteen and 20 of the 28 patients became angina-free during treadmill exercise at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. The consumption of nitroglycerin showed a similar improvement. The improvement was maintained at 1 year of follow-up. The on-line computer-analyzed S-T segment changes showed a statistically significant improvement at all follow-up periods. Withdrawal of verapamil produced a return to pretreatment levels. The adverse effects noted were constipation in seven patients and reversible P-R interval prolongation in two. No heart failure occurred in any patient. These findings suggest that verapamil possesses a powerful and sustained antianginal action and, in a dose of 360 mg daily, merits a place as a primary therapeutic agent in the management of chronic stable angina. PMID- 6791489 TI - Comparative histochemical study of prosimian primate hindlimb muscles. II. Populations of fiber types. AB - The populations of fiber types in hindlimb muscles of the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis), and the slow loris (Nycticebus coucang) were described and an attempt was made to correlate populations of fiber types and locomotor patterns. Muscle fibers were assigned to one of the following groups: fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), and slow-twitch oxidase (SO). Histochemical techniques for the demonstration of alkaline- and acid-stable ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and mitochondrial alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase were used in the classification of muscle fibers. Results indicated that the FG fiber type is the predominant fiber type in muscles used for jumping, the FOG fiber type is predominant in muscles used for running, and the SO fiber type occurs in high percentages in postural muscles. The SO fiber was also the most common fiber in muscles of the slow loris-a species that exhibits a slow, deliberate, sustained locomotor pattern. Intramuscular regional variations in populations were seen in some larger muscles of the tree shrew, but not in the lesser bushbaby and slow loris. Our results did not support the contentions of others that analogous muscles in different species have similar populations of fiber types. PMID- 6791490 TI - Zinc and copper nutriture of women taking oral contraceptive agents. AB - A cross-sectional and follow-up study of young women taking oral contraceptive agents revealed a marked increase in serum copper levels. This increase was significant after the taking of oral contraceptive agents for 3 months. No significant effect of oral contraceptive agents on serum zinc and hair levels or copper were observed. There was no correlation between duration of oral contraceptive agent therapy and zinc or copper concentrations in serum or hair. Serum and hair concentration of zinc or copper were also not significantly correlated. PMID- 6791491 TI - Effect of parenteral nutrition on protein synthesis in adult cancer patients. AB - The rate of whole body protein synthesis was measured with 15N glycine in three groups of subjects: 1) normal healthy adult controls, 2) semistarved adult patients with upper gastrointestinal tract malignancies and, 3) a group of patients similar to 2) except they were maintained parenterally on a regimen adequate in amino acids and glucose. By comparing the patient results with data obtained from rat studies with 15N glycine were concluded that the patients were protein rather than energy depleted. PMID- 6791492 TI - Transsulfuration in parenterally nourished beagle pups. PMID- 6791494 TI - Factor VIII in Kaposi's sarcoma. AB - The immunoperoxidase technic was applied to 15 skin lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma to localize factor VIII-related antigen. Factor VIII-related antigen serves as a tissue-specific marker for endothelial cells. Positive staining was observed in all cases. These findings support the endothelial origin of the lesion of Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6791493 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in malnourished children. AB - Fatty acid patterns of major classes of lipids of serum were measured in forty Argentine children ages 2 to 24 months admitted to the hospital with chronic malnutrition. A normal control group of 48 children from the same population was also examined. Serum lipids were extracted and separated into phospholipids, cholesteryl esters, triglycerides, and free fatty acids. These were converted to methyl esters which were analyzed by gas chromatography. In chronic malnutrition, the fatty acid patterns of phospholipids and cholesteryl esters indicated changes characteristic of essential fatty acid deficiency of moderate degree. The total omega 6 acids were found to be highly significantly diminished from normal, and the ratio of 20:3 omega 9/20:4 omega 6 was highly significantly increased. Decreased proportions of omega 6 metabolites suggested impaired desaturase activity, and elevated ratios of 22:4 omega 6/20:4 omega 6 and 20:2 omega 6/18:2 omega 6 suggested increased chain elongation in chronic malnutrition. PMID- 6791495 TI - Hepatocellular enzyme patterns and hepatitis B virus exposure in multitransfused young and very young hemophilia patients. AB - Thirty-eight children with severe hemophilia A, 11 years of age and under, were evaluated by initial and follow-up liver function tests (LFTs) in relation to age of onset of transfusion therapy. Each child had at least two complete evaluations within one year for a follow-up period of at least one year. The mean number of exposure days was 36 with a mean of 275 units of factor VIII per exposure day prior to initial LFTs. At initial testing, 30% of patients demonstrated antibody to HBsAg and 39--51% at least one abnormal serum enzyme level (AST, ALT, LDH). During an average follow-up period of 34.8 months, two children developed HBsAg positive icteric hepatitis. Of those initially serologically negative for HBsAg or antibody, 44% became antibody-positive. Intermittent abnormalities of at least one serum enzyme were observed in 79% of the patient group, with 13% and 8% being persistently normal and abnormal. Eleven children born after January 1976, receiving only third-generation RIA-tested products for HBsAg, constituted a subgroup. Although only one child at first assessment had evidence of hepatitis B virus exposure, 55% had elevated ALTs, indicating considerable frequency of non A, non-B hepatitis in this very young group. PMID- 6791496 TI - Double light-chain production by leukemic cells of common clonal origin: a case report with review of pertinent literature. PMID- 6791497 TI - Anticonvulsant drugs in alcohol withdrawal: use of phenytoin, primidone, carbamazepine, valproic acid, and the sedative anticonvulsants. AB - The evidence for the efficacy of anticonvulsant drugs in the control of seizures during alcohol withdrawal is examined. The literature on the use of anticonvulsants to control anxiety, irritability, tension, and other symptoms of abstinence syndrome is reviewed. The data on benzodiazepines, phenobarbital, hydroxyzine, and neuroleptics are discussed briefly. There is no evidence to support the routine use of phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis in detoxication. However, phenytoin may be valuable in patients at a high risk for seizures, such as skid-row alcoholics. Only one retrospective study has been done on primidone; it claimed primidone was an efficacious adjuvant. Carbamazepine and valproic acid may be useful in the treatment of anxiety, dysphoric mood, somatization, and other symptoms of abstinence syndrome, as well as for seizure prophylaxis. The benzodiazepines, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide, are recognized as primary therapeutic agents in the detoxication of alcoholic patients. The major difficulty with the use of phenobarbital is that it cannot be used over as wide a range as the benzodiazepines. Hydroxyzine has been shown to be inferior to chlorazepate dipotassium. Most neuroleptics appear to be inappropriate for detoxication because they lower the seizure threshold; however, haloperidol has been found efficacious in acutely abstinent alcoholics. Carbamazepine, valproic acid, primidone, and phenobarbital should be tested against standard drugs such as chlordiazepoxide and diazepam in the detoxication of alcoholic patients. PMID- 6791498 TI - Evaluation of a device for monitoring sterility of injectable fluids. AB - An evaluation of a sterility-testing device (Addi-Chek) that uses total-sample membrane filtration is presented. Parenteral nutrition solutions were deliberately contaminated at low levels with 16 bacterial and four fungal strains. Some contaminated solutions were stored at 20 degrees C or 4 degrees C for up to 24 hours before testing; the rest were tested immediately. Additionally, one liter of pharmacy-prepared infusion fluid was tested each day for 100 days. Broth (added to the Addi-Chek unit after filtration to permit microbial growth) was cultured when it became turbid or after a 10-day incubation. Fifty-nine deliberate-inoculation tests were done. The organism was recovered from 56 of these; the other three tests may have been negative because no organisms were present in the aliquot used for inoculation or because of experimental error. The number of organisms used for inoculation varied from 1 to 80; 86% of the tests used 25 organisms or less. Storage for up to 24 hours at 20 degrees C and 4 degrees C had no effect on the results of sterility testing. In testing 100 units of pharmacy-prepared fluid (not deliberately contaminated), one unit (1%) was found to be contaminated. Pharmacy personnel correctly identified positive and negative Addi-Chek units based on visual turbidity of the broth. It is concluded that Addi-Chek is easy to use and effective in detecting low-level contamination in intravenous fluids. PMID- 6791499 TI - Effects of psychotropic drugs on intelligence test performance of institutionalized mentally retarded adults. AB - Twenty-four institutionalized mentally retarded persons received intelligence tests under both standard and reinforcement conditions while on and off psychotropic medication. Medications included chlorpromazine (Thorazine), thioridazine (Mellaril), haloperidol (Haldol), mesoridazine (Serentil), and lithium carbonate (Lithane). Results showed that when on medication there were no differences between IQs obtained under standard and reinforcement conditions. When off medication there were significant increases in scores obtained under both standard and reinforcement conditions. The increase in scores under the reinforcement condition was 23 points greater than the increase obtained under the standard condition (increases of 30.2 and 6.9 points, respectively). Results were discussed in terms of the sensitivity--insensitivity of intelligence test scores to medication effects, medications impairing responding to external reinforcement contingencies, and legal implications. PMID- 6791500 TI - Rh isoimmunization: a 24 year experience at Duke University Medical Center. AB - A retrospective analysis was made of Rh-sensitized patients delivered of their babies at Duke University Medical Center during a 24 year period. Records of 202 obstetric patients representing 280 sensitized pregnancies from a pool of 39,910 deliveries were analyzed for past obstetric history, blood group information, antibody determinations, amniocentesis data, and details of the pregnancy and delivery. The medical records of the corresponding infants were analyzed for their neonatal course. A severity index (SI) was devised to classify the degree of severity of the erythroblastosis fetalis. A significant correlation between SI and the delta OD450 of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord hematocrit, and bilirubin was noted. The evaluation of amniotic fluid delta OD450 is considered to be the cornerstone of clinical management. Twenty-nine patients had initial Liley zone 1 determinations which decreased to delta OD450 = 0.000; however, only 10 of 29 (34.5%) of the infants were unaffected, and 13 of 29 (44.8%) had mild sensitization, four of 29 (13.8%) had moderate sensitization, and two of 29 (6.9%) had severe sensitization. The previously held concept of "critical titer" as a guide for initiating amniocentesis is challenged, and the recommendation is made that amniocentesis for amniotic fluid determination should be undertaken in any patient with a positive indirect Coombs titer. PMID- 6791501 TI - Endometrial ossification: report of an additional case. PMID- 6791502 TI - Induction of ovulation with menotropins in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Twenty-four women with ovulatory infertility as a result of surgically or biochemically documented polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) who had failed to conceive during clomiphene citrate therapy underwent a closely supervised menotropin treatment to induce ovulation. Evidence of ovulation was obtained in all patients treated, and major side effects were limited. Fourteen women conceived after an average of 2.4 treatment cycles; twin pregnancies occurred in 36% and spontaneous abortions occurred in 21%. Initial treatment cycles tended to be less successful than the subsequent treatment cycles. Serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels were significantly augmented in the last 3 days before administration of chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) in treatment cycles resulting in conception compared to E2 levels in those cycles which resulted in ovulation only. A second hCG administration to trigger ovulation had to be given in 27% of the treatment cycles and seemed to be an indication of a less promising treatment cycle. Treatment cycles resulting in twin gestations did not differ from those resulting in singleton gestations; specifically, the E2 response was not increased. In summary, under a closely monitored regimen, menotropin therapy can be used in women with nonovulatory infertility as a result of PCO with considerable effectiveness and relative safety once clomiphene citrate treatment has failed. PMID- 6791503 TI - Photo-induced convulsion after using the translid binocular interactor. AB - A 12-year-old boy with small-angle secondary exotropia and minimal amblyopia experienced photo-induced epilepsy after using the Translid Binocular Interactor, a device designed to treat several of the motor and sensory abnormalities of the eyes alternately with a bright flash at 10 cps. Whether or not the device is effective, it is potentially dangerous to susceptible individuals. PMID- 6791504 TI - On the definition of variables in studies of primate dental allometry. AB - Cranial and dental measurements are taken on 253 adult female primates from 32 species. Regression equations are calculated to determine allometric relationships between anterior tooth size, posterior tooth size, and body size. When cranial length or skull length is used as the measure of general size, the results of the equations differ from when body weight is the reference dimension. Similarly, using different definitions of posterior tooth size (such as mandibular second molar length and maxillary postcanine area) alters results substantially. The same occurs with different definitions of anterior tooth size. It has been common in studies of primate dental allometry to generalize from the specific variables measured to broad functional interpretations. However, highly correlated variables cannot be substituted one for another in allometric analyses without important changes in the results of the equation. Interpretation of allometric data is more highly restricted to the precise variables measured in a particular study than has been generally recognized. PMID- 6791505 TI - Regional continuity in Australasian Pleistocene hominid evolution. AB - A reconstruction of the Indonesian male Homo erectus specimen Sangiran 17 reveals a suite of features that suggests regional morphological continuity in Australasia during the middle and late Pleistocene. Characteristics reflecting a morphological clade are established through a comparison with the males from Kow Swamp, the late Pleistocene Australian site with the largest number of hominid specimens. It is argued that the "center and edge" hypothesis could account for the initial appearance of regional variation, and that a dynamic model of geneflow and opposing selection provides the mechanism that maintained a long standing dynamic clinal equilibrium in this area. PMID- 6791506 TI - Volumetric and asymmetry determinations on recent hominid endocasts: Spy I and II, Djebel Ihroud I, and the Sale Homo erectus specimens, with some notes on Neanderthal brain size. AB - Full brain endocast reconstructions of the Neanderthals, Spy I and II, Djebel Ihroud I, and the Homo erectus specimen from Sale, Morocco have yielded accurate volumes. Spy I = 1,305 ml; Spy II = 1,553 ml; Djebel ihroud I = 1,305 ml; Sale = 880 ml. While there are no remarkable gyral and sulcal patterns one can delineate, the brain endocasts do show evidence of left-occipital, right-frontal petalias, suggesting right-handedness, and possibly human cognitive specialization, involving symbol processing and visuospatial integration. Some speculations regarding Neanderthal brain size are also offered, in which it is suggested that their possibly larger brain sizes were related to greater muscularity than in modern Homo sapiens. PMID- 6791507 TI - Functional aspects of primate pelvic structure: a multivariate approach. PMID- 6791508 TI - Nutrition in medical-surgical private and institutional practice. PMID- 6791509 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis in normal and diabetic rat pancreas by cholecystokinin. AB - The effects of cholecystokinin (CCK) on [3H]leucine incorporation into protein were studied in isolated pancreatic acini from normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. CCK8, the biologically active C-terminal octapeptide of CCK, increased [3H]leucine incorporation into protein over a concentration range that stimulates digestive enzyme secretion (1 X 10(-11) to 1 X 10(-10) M); at higher concentrations, CCK8 inhibited incorporation. Stimulation of [3H]leucine incorporation was greatest in acini from diabetic rats, intermediate in acini from fed normal rats, and least in acini from fasted rats. The magnitude of inhibition was similar in all acini. A significant stimulatory effect of CCK8 in acini from diabetic rats was detected after 10 min and was maximal after 40 min of incubation. Carbachol mimicked both the stimulatory and inhibitory effects of CCK, whereas the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 mimicked only the inhibitory effects. Insulin also stimulated [3H]leucine incorporation in acini from diabetic rats, and its effects were additive to the stimulatory effect of CCK. The present findings suggest that physiological concentrations of CCK and other pancreatic secretagogues may participate in the regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis. PMID- 6791510 TI - Functional properties of noradrenergic nervous system in rat colonic mucosa: uptake of [3H]norepinephrine. AB - The accumulation of exogenous [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) by rat colonic mucosa was studied. Uptake was linear for 10 min and reached a maximum after 90 min. The process was concentration dependent and saturable, having a Km of 1.67 X 10(-6) M and Vmax of 0.57 nmol.g-1.min-1. The inhibitor of specific norepinephrine uptake, desmethylimipramine (DMI), inhibited uptake in a concentration-dependent manner; the maximum inhibition was 81% at 10 microM. Normetanephrine also inhibited uptake at 100 microM. Reserpine, at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-5) M, prevented the accumulation of [3H]NE, with maximum inhibition being 47% of control. Accumulation by mucosa obtained from rats sympathectomized with 6 hydroxydopamine was only 33% of control; DMI did not further reduce this uptake. Colonic epithelial cells were isolated and were found to also accumulate [3H]NE, but this accumulation was not affected by DMI. It is concluded that rat colonic mucosa contains noradrenergic neurons capable of accumulating exogenously administered norepinephrine by a specific and high-affinity process. The presence of a functional noradrenergic neural network in close association with the epithelium suggests that this system may play a physiological role in modulating colonic mucosal function. PMID- 6791512 TI - Concentrations of desipramine in elderly women. AB - Seven elderly depressed women were given desipramine, and plasma concentrations of the drug were measured from blood samples drawn after a single dose and during long-term use. The concentrations were no different from those found in younger patients. Aging does not seem to alter the plasma concentration of desipramine, and the authors conclude that the increased incidence and severity of the drug's side effects are probably not due to high drug concentrations. PMID- 6791511 TI - Brain adenosine concentration during hypoxia in rats. AB - We analyzed brain tissue for adenosine and its metabolites, inosine and hypoxanthine, in rats during acute (30 s) hypoxia and during sustained (5 min) hypoxia and hypocarbia. Within 30 s of the onset of hypoxia, adenosine levels were increased from 0.34 +/- 0.08 (SE) to 1.65 +/- 0.33 nmol/g (P less than 0.005), paralleling temporally the changes in cerebral blood flow. During sustained hypoxia and hypocarbia, brain tissue was sampled by a fast (freeze blow) or slow (in situ) freezing method. With the freeze-blow technique, adenosine concentrations remained stable between arterial partial pressure of O2 (PaO2) greater than 200 and 100 mmHg, doubled at PaO2 = 50 mmHg, and increased sevenfold (P less than 0.005) when PaO2 reached 30 mmHg. No increases in adenosine or its metabolites were noted with the in situ technique. During hypocarbia (arterial CO2 partial pressure less than 20 mmHg), adenosine concentrations increased with both sampling techniques. Freezing times in brain were measured during in situ freezing and were increased during hypoxia and decreased during hypocarbia. In conclusion, 1) adenosine concentrations in brain are increased during hypoxia, and 2) the in situ technique in rat does not appear to be optimal for sampling brain tissue for subsequent measurement of adenosine under conditions where cerebral blood flow is increased. PMID- 6791513 TI - Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn: using incidence observations to evaluate the use of RH immune globulin. AB - During the 1970s, the crude incidence of Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn (RhHDN) in the United States dropped 65 per cent---from 40.5/10,000 total births in 1970 to 14.3/10,000 total births in 1979. Since the risk of RhHDN is directly associated with birth order, changes both in birth order-specific RhHDN incidence rates and in the birth order distribution would be expected to influence crude RhHDN incidence. Review of birth order-specific incidences ascertained in Connecticut, 1972-1977, shows that incidence was stable for first and second births, whereas it dropped significantly for third and fourth births. Due to the nearly complete use of Rh immune globulin (RhIG) in Connecticut during these years, the drop in these specific rates is best attributed to this prevention strategy. Nationwide, during the 1970s, the annual percentages of fourth and higher order births decreased from 18 per cent to 10 per cent. We estimate that some 30 per cent to 40 per cent of the 1970-1979 drop in the crude rate is attributed to changes in the birth order distribution, whereas 60 per cent to 70 per cent of the drop is attributed to RhIG. However, comparison of pooled incidences for 1972-1974 and 1975-1977 observed in Connecticut for first births and births to 15-19 year olds showed significant increases for both groups in 1975-1977. Further study of specific trends from other areas is needed to confirm these observations. Also needed is investigation of likely causes of sensitization among these teenaged, primiparous women. PMID- 6791514 TI - Inconsistency in level of care assignment decisions in skilled nursing facilities. AB - In Arizona, a non-Medicaid state, we investigated the extent to which unregulated level of care assignments in Skilled Nursing Facilities consistently reflect level and nature of patient impairment. Using Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) to develop optimal prediction functions, approximately 70 per cent of patients could be correctly classified. Factors identified by MDA as discriminating among patients at different levels of care are an Activities of Daily Living (ADL) impairment factor, and a factor defined by confusion, transitory contact with the social environment, and propensity to wander. Results are compared with those of studies using MDA to replicate Multidisciplinary Review Team (MRT) or other expert level of care assignments intended to develop patient classification functions for clinical use. MRT assignments appear to reflect patient impairment characteristics only slightly better than do unregulated institutional assignments, suggesting that such utilization review efforts may result in minimal net gains in appropriateness of placement. PMID- 6791515 TI - How much, for what, and for whom? PMID- 6791516 TI - Severe cardiovascular collapse following phenoperidine. Detection with an infrared CO2 analyser and treatment with naloxone. PMID- 6791517 TI - [The role of vasodilators in the treatment of congestive heart failure and myocardial ischaemia (author's transl)]. AB - The introduction fo vasodilators has greatly expanded the therapeutic armamentarium for the management of severe heart failure. Although such agents have been employed for many years to treat hypertension and myocardial ischaemia, only recently has their use become widely popular in the therapy of pump failure. Since there is a large spectrum of therapeutically effective vasodilators, a rational selection of vasodilator, inotropic or combined therapy has to consider the pathophysiology of the underlying heart disease, the haemodynamic effects of the drugs and the possible hazards associated with their use. On this basis we discuss the intraoperative use of vasodilator and combined therapy in cardiac surgical patients with acutely disturbed pump performance due to various types of heart disease. PMID- 6791518 TI - The preparation of an immunoglobulin--amyloglucosidase conjugate and its quantitation by an enzyme-cycling assay. PMID- 6791519 TI - Preliminary screening of mutagens with a microbial sensor. PMID- 6791520 TI - A modern approach to the gonadotropin treatment in oligozoospermia. AB - A critical review of the gonadotropin therapy in male infertility or hypofertility is presented. In the author's opinion, the poor and conflicting results so far obtained wih this kind of treatment are mainly due to inadequate selection of the patients admitted to the treatment itself. The author stresses some points concerning the modern knowledge on the physiology of gonadotropin secretion in males; points that must be borne in mind in approaching this type of treatment, and which in some way revolutionize the old concept of "low" or "high" plasma gonadotropin levels. In this concern, the gonadotropin therapy can be applied not only to the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, as for the past, but also to the spermatogenic arrests and to the idiopathic oligospermiogenesis wtih "normal" gonadotropin levels. The author then exposes the rigid criteria adopted in the Andrologic Center of the 5th Medical Clinic of the University of Rome for the selection of the patients to be admitted to the treatment; criteria which are based on hormonal, morphological and seminal parameters. In the final part the results are reported obtained in the selected patients with a treatment schedule with associated HMG + MCG (150--300 I.U. as FSH per week and 2000--6000 I.U. as LH per week for 12--16 weeks). The results seem very encouraging: in 85% of the patients a quantitative and qualitative amelioration of the spermatogenesis was obtained; in 30% of these cases an outcome of pregnancies in the partner has been documented so far. PMID- 6791521 TI - [Control observations on andrological patients treated with HCG/HMG with special reference to spermatogram and somatic development]. AB - Between 1971 and 1976, 47 patients were treated in the department for andrology with daily alternating HCG/HMG injections. This treatment provides an attempt for examination of effects of a combined HCG/HMG therapy with a larger group of patients. As a condition for the HCG/HMG treatment a testicular biopsy was performed. It could be shown that in 70% of the cases there was no normal tabulus diameter, that the germinal epithelium was mostly low, and that in the germinal epithelium in 53,8% of the cases a spermiogenesis was demonstrable, but only in 3% of the cases sufficient spermatozoa existed. Most of the patients presented a disorganisation and desquamation of the germinal epithelium. During treatment no further testicular biopsies were made so that no statements can be given on the change of the tubules. Concerning the observation of the patients' sperm count it could be proved that, as a result of the HCG/HMG treatment, 33,3% of the patients showed an increase of motility and in 37,5% of the patients the number of spermatozoa increased. The paper describes two patients showing normal sperm count already after 8 to 12 weeks. Furthermore de Kretsers' observations on large decrease of spermatozoal number after the 150th day of treatment, and Paulsens' observations on hot flushes in some patients due to interruption of treatment, could be confirmed. The somatic development during HCG/HMG treatment showed an increase of volume of the testicles and an increase of the secondary hair. These changes also appeared already within 12 weeks after the beginning of treatment. In 38,5% of studied cases erections and ejaculations appeared already after 8 to 12 weeks as far as this didn't occur before treatment. In four cases pregnancy resulted from treatment. There was one early abortion. In all other cases gravidity and birth were normal. Only in one case negative side effects as a lack of concentration resulted. This study provides evidence that an alternating HCG/HMG treatment can be quite successful. Gonadotropin levels and the result of testicular biopsy have to be considered for clinical evaluation of treatment and therapeutic results. PMID- 6791522 TI - Occurrence of bio-immuno active inhibin in rat spermatids. AB - Levels of inhibin in the spermatocyte and spermatid enriched fractions of rat testicular extract were estimated using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay. The fraction enriched in spermatids had the highest amounts of inhibin activity. The results of the study indicate that the spermatids may be likely source of inhibin. PMID- 6791523 TI - A comparison of endocrine function and semen analysis in fertile and subfertile men. AB - We studied 122 normozoospermic, 62 oligozoospermic and 22 azoospermic patients and compared serum testosterone, LH and FSH with semen analysis. Testosterone was similar in all three groups studied. FSH rose significantly in the oligozoospermic and azoospermic groups (p less than 0.01). LH was similar in the normozoospermic and oligozoospermic groups but rose significantly in the azoospermic group (p less than 0,01). The rise in FSH is in accordance with the theory of inhibin release during the maturation states of spermatogenesis. The rise in LH might indicate a separate feedback mechanism mediated by the early stages of spermatogenesis and not by testosterone alone. PMID- 6791524 TI - [Accidental case delayed by anti-D allo-immunization in a patient suffering from multiple traumatic injuries. One case (author's transl)]. AB - An accidental case of delayed haemolytic reaction due to an anti-D allo immunization in a patient suffering from multiple traumatic injuries allows us to define a procedure of emergency treatment towards non iso-Rhesus transfusions and the problems posed by the detection of acquired allo-antibodies. PMID- 6791525 TI - Anesthetic potency of nalbuphine and interaction with morphine in rats. AB - The contribution to anesthesia by nalbuphine was determined in rats by measurement of the reduction in the anesthetic requirement for cyclopropane produced by increasing doses of nalbuphine while maintaining a constant level of anesthesia (MAC). The respiratory effect of nalbuphine was evaluated by measurement of arterial PCO2 at this constant MAG level. The response produced by the addition of morphine to a constant dose of nalbuphine in further reducing the cyclopropane anesthetic requirement was also evaluated, as was the effect on arterial PCO2. The anesthetic contribution of nalbuphine was dose dependent until a plateau contribution of 0.22 MAC was achieved. Arterial PCO2 increased to a plateau level of 48 torr with nalbuphine administration from a PCO2 of 41 torr with cyclopropane alone. Further increase in PCO2 did not occur until exceedingly high nalbuphine doses were used. Morphine did not supplement the anesthetic contribution of nalbuphine, and there was no increase in PCO2 when morphine was added in nalbuphine during cyclopropane anesthesia. These results suggest that nalbuphine produces analgesia by acting at kappa opioid receptors and that nalbuphine binds but produces minimal effects on mu opioid receptors within the central nervous system. PMID- 6791526 TI - Potentiation of lobar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by intermittent hypoxia in dogs. AB - Based on previous whole lung findings, the authors tested the hypothesis that lobar hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) would be potentiated by repeated intermittent lobar hypoxic challenges. In sixteen open-chested pentobarbital anesthetized dogs they found that repetitive hypoxia of the left lower lobe (LLL) (Group I = LLL nitrogen ventilation, n = 8; Group II = LLL absorption atelectasis, n = 8) caused the percentage decrease in the electromagnetically measured fraction of the cardiac output perfusing the LLL (QLLL/Qt) to become progressively greater (increased LLL HPV) through the first three hypoxic challenges in Group I and through the first four hypoxic challenges in Group II. In four dogs in each group, after eight sequential hypoxic challenges with the initial standard method had been performed, the alternative method was performed three times. There was no significant difference between the eighth LLL HPV response and the subsequent three. These findings indicate that 1) the mechanism of blood flow decrease to atelectatic lung is probably the same as for nitrogen ventilated lung, namely, by HPV, and 2) in order to maximize HPV in the nonventilated lung during one lung ventilation, several repeated intermittent cycles of deflation-inflation to the lung should be performed during the initiation of one lung ventilation. PMID- 6791527 TI - Morphine effects on cardiac output and regional blood flow distribution in conscious dogs. AB - This study documents the changes in selected regional hemodynamics occurring in response to large doses of intravenous morphine. It was performed in normal conscious dogs. Their cardiovascular systems was unaltered by the presence of other drugs or recent surgery. The animals had been surgically prepared previously by implantation of chronic indwelling electromagnetic and Doppler ultrasonic flow probes on the aorta and the cranial mesenteric, renal and iliac arteries and placement of aortic catheters. Morphine, 1 mg/kg, produced mesenteric vascular dilation (30 per cent maximum decrease in resistance), renal vascular dilation (11 per cent maximum decrease in resistance) and nonsignificant changes in iliac vascular resistance. Morphine, 3 mg/kg, resulted in a similar amount of renal dilation (maximum 12 per cent decrease in resistance) but constricted the mesenteric vasculature (maximum 120 per cent increase in resistance) and the iliac vasculature (68 per cent maximum increase in resistance). These changes were observed despite the lack of sustained major changes in cardiac output, blood pressure, total peripheral resistance, or heart rate. It is therefore concluded that morphine has only minimal effects on systemic hemodynamics, but has significant effects when the alterations it produces in regional hemodynamics are considered. Such alterations may be physiologically significant when perfusion to these individual organs is a concern. The minimal systemic effects of high dose morphine is a phenomenon, for the most part, common to both dogs and humans. Whether similar regional hemodynamics changes as these occur in humans cannot be determined at this time since continuous flow monitoring techniques have, as yet, not been applied to humans. PMID- 6791528 TI - The effect of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation (PEEP) on cerebral blood flow and cerebrospinal fluid pressure in goats. AB - The effect of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP) of mechanical ventilation with positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) at 5, 10, and 15 cm H2O was studied in 23 paralyzed, ventilated goats which were divided into three treatment groups. Group I received no volume expansion agent to counteract the hemodynamic effects of PEEP. Group II received normal saline to maintain a constant arterial blood pressure (BP), and Group III received a mannitol solution for BP maintenance. In all three groups there were similar increases in central venous pressure (CVP) of approximately 2.5 times the zero PEEP level at 15 cm H2O PEEP (P less than 0.001). In Group I, BP fell an average of 32 per cent, cardiac output fell 47 per cent and cisternal CSFP increased 40 per cent above zero PEEP levels at 15 cm H2O PEEP (P less than 0.01). CBF in this group was decreased 18 per cent when compared with the zero PEEP baseline at 15 cm H2O PEEP (P less than 0.008). In Group II animals there were no significant changes in BP or cardiac output (CO) at any of the PEEP levels. CSFP in this group, at 15 cm H2O PEEP, increased 84 per cent above the baseline zero level and CBF decreased 32 per cent at 15 cm H2O PEEP when compared to the zero PEEP level (P less than 0.008). In Group III there were no significant reductions in BP or CO. Unlike Groups I and II, no significant changes in CFSP were observed at any level of PEEP. In addition, CBF in this group did not change significantly from the zero-PEEP baseline level any level of PEEP. Thus, when PEEP therapy is associated with substantial decreases in BP and CO, CBF may decrease as well. Maintenance of BP and CO by volume expansion with a crystalloid solution resulted in a greater reduction in CBF than in the untreated group but maintenance of BP and CO by mannitol infusion resulted in maintenance of CBF at the baseline, pre PEEP level. The authors conclude that brain interstitial fluid pressure is an important variable in the determination of cerebral blood flow during ventilation with PEEP. PMID- 6791529 TI - Modification of laryngospasm in response to changes in PaCO2 and PaO2 in the cat. AB - In order to study the effects of PaCO2 and PaO2 on the laryngeal closure reflex, changes in laryngeal resistance of the isolated cat larynx were measured before and during the stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) at various levels of PaCO2 and PaO2. The results showed that laryngeal resistance before SLN stimulation [LR (baseline)] increased slightly during hypocapnia. SLN stimulation produced laryngospasm which was defined as a sharp rise in the laryngeal resistance. Hypercapnia alone and hypoxia alone increased ventilation but decreased the degree and duration of laryngospasm due to SLN stimulation. On the other hand, hypocapnia augmented and prolonged the duration of this laryngospasm. These results suggest that PaCO2 and PaO2 regulate the laryngeal closure reflex in a way such that the degree of laryngospasm changes in inverse proportion to the activity of the respiratory center. PMID- 6791530 TI - Temperature correction of arterial blood-gas parameters: A comparative review of methodology. AB - The need for accurate clinical diagnosis and appropriate intervention requires that a modern blood-gas laboratory have the means to correct for significant discrepancies between patient temperature and the temperature at which in vitro blood samples are analyzed. Recent advances in mini- and microcomputer technology permit application of any or all of the correction formulas above at modest cost and minimal inconvenience (See the Appendix). An expanded program for a TI-59 desk-top calculator and P-100C printer which gives labeled hard-copy readout of temperature-corrected pH, PCO2, PO2, and hemoglobin saturation values, as well as bicarbonate concentration and in vivo base excess is in daily clinical use in our operating room and is available from the authors upon request. PMID- 6791531 TI - The importance of the rhesus c factor in determining possible future allergic disease in children. AB - The author compares the occurrence of rhesus phenotypes CC, Cc and cc in a group of 437 children presenting a reaginic respiratory allergy in function of family antecedents. In children with no family histories of respiratory allergy there exists a significant increase in the frequency of the phenotype cc. The mechanism by which rhesus factors act in respiratory allergy is not known. PMID- 6791532 TI - Food allergy and atopic dermatitis in children: treatment with oral sodium cromoglycate. AB - Thirty-five children with atopic dermatitis were proven to be allergic to various foods by dietary elimination and challenge, radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) and human basophil degranulation test (HBDT). Oral sodium cromoglycate improved skin lesions in these patients and protected them from the effects of challenge with food allergens. This protective effect of oral sodium cromoglycate may be explained by the blocking of the immune response in the gut wall and of antigen entry. PMID- 6791533 TI - Feline (cat) hemolytic complement optimal testing conditions. AB - Optimal conditions for assaying feline (cat) hemolytic complement (C) were determined. Effects of the following factors on C titers were tested: pH, ionic strength; calcium, magnesium, and ethylenediamine tetraacetate concentrations; time and temperature of incubation. Guinea pig erythrocytes sensitized with feline antibody were the most sensitive target cells for feline C. A buffer of pH 7.3, with an ionic strength of 0.06 and containing 0.3 mM CaCl2 and 1 mM MgCl2, was optimal for feline C assay. A concentration of 4 mM ethylenediamine tetraacetate in calcium- and magnesium-free buffer inhibited the C reactivity to 1/53rd of the original titer. Sera from clinically healthy cats contained 70 to 150 CH50 (50% hemolytic) U/ml when tested, using 1 x 10(8) sensitized guinea pig erythrocytes/ml. PMID- 6791534 TI - Serologic response of pigs to experimental infection with Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O9 and Brucella abortus. AB - Groups of young pigs were inoculated with either Brucella abortus or Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and their serum was analyzed to identify techniques by which infections with these organisms could be distinguished. Yersinia enterocolitica was capable consistently of inducing a significant anti-Brucella agglutinin response. By means of microplate agglutination, it was shown that homologous titers usually exceeded or were equal to heterologous titers. This technique was also capable of detecting Yersinia flagellar agglutinins. When a group of serum samples from healthy pigs was surveyed, it was found that none of the techniques tested were capable of unequivocally distinguishing between the 2 infections. PMID- 6791535 TI - Humoral immunity in experimental thromboembolic meningoencephalitis in cattle caused by Haemophilus somnus. AB - Of 23 cattle inoculated IV with Haemophilus somnus, 16 (70%) died of thromboembolic meningoencephalitis. The inoculum was prepared from a minimally subcultured isolate of H somnus that was passaged through a calf by intracisternal inoculation immediately before use. Serum antibody titers, as measured by 7 serologic tests, were not correlated with the animal's susceptibility to infection. All cattle that died had a mean 4-fold increase in agglutination titer during the acute phase of the disease, 2 to 4 days after inoculation. Similarly, high acute-phase titers were demonstrated in 15 cattle with naturally occurring disease. Haemophilus somnus was isolated more frequently and in greater numbers from the CNS and urinary tract than from other organs of cattle that died. PMID- 6791536 TI - Decline in assayable progesterone in bovine plasma: effect of time, temperature, anticoagulant, and presence of blood cells. AB - Jugular vein blood samples collected from 5 Holstein-Friesian cows during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle were incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Blood samples were centrifugated after each incubation period, and plasma was frozen for later progesterone assay. Mean progesterone concentration in blood samples incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C decreased from 5.7 ng/ml at 0 hour to minimum concentrations of 3.5 ng/ml at 12 hours, 0.9 ng/ml at 12 hours, and 1.0 ng/ml at 8 hours, respectively. The first progesterone concentration which was significantly different from the initial value (0 hour) was at the 8-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 4 C and at the 1-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 22 C and 37 C. Progesterone concentration decreased similarly when blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes or EDTA tubes and incubated at 22 C for 0, 6, and 12 hours. Incubating harvested plasma or serum for 0 to 6 hours at 37 C had no effect on progesterone concentrations (7.9 and 8.2 ng/ml for plasma, and 6.9 and 6.6 ng/ml for serum. PMID- 6791537 TI - Serotypes of previously unclassified isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from swine in the United States and Puerto Rico. AB - Serotypes of 46 previously unclassified isolates of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from porcine tissues in the United States and serotypes of 31 isolates of the organism from porcine tissues received from Puerto Rico were determined. The 46 isolates from the United States were classified in serotype 21. Four isolates (from Georgia, Minnesota, Ohio, and Oklahoma) were tested and found to be pathogenic for swine. Serotypes 1 (subtypes 1a and 1b), 2, 5, 6, and 21 were found in porcine tissues from Puerto Rico. The relative frequency of the various serotypes was similar to that previously reported in the United States. PMID- 6791538 TI - Purification and further characterization of phenol extract from Listeria monocytogenes. AB - A phenol-water extract of Listeria monocytogenes virulent strains 9-125 (serotype 4b) was purified by 3 cycles of ultracentrifugation. The purified extract reacted positively in Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml. This value was 1,000 times higher than that for Salmonella abortus equi lipopolysaccharide. The phenol extract was toxic to chicken embryos (median lethal dose was 40.5 micrograms) and contained carbohydrates (heptose, hexose, hexosamine, methylpentose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctanate, dideoxyhexose), lipid, 16 amino acids in the protein moiety, glucosamine, galactosamine, phosphorus, and ribonucleic acid. PMID- 6791539 TI - Effect of enteral calorie/nitrogen ratios on weight gain and liver function and morphology in rats. AB - Seventy-five Simonson albino male rates, each weighing 200-300 grams, were randomly divided into five groups of fifteen rats each. Group I, the controls, received rat chow which provided a calorie/nitrogen ratio of 95 Kcal/gram/nitrogen. Animals in Groups II to V received an elemental diet with calorie/nitrogen ratios of 100, 150, 300 and 450 Kcal/gram/nitrogen each, respectively. During the 30-day experimental period, daily calorie intakes were recorded and the rats were weighed every third day. Pre- and post-treatment hepatic function and fatty infiltration were analyzed and compared. The animals treated with a calorie/nitrogen ratio of 100-150 calories/gram of nitrogen had a statistically significant better weight gain with less fatty infiltration of the liver when compared to the other groups. This study supports the clinical impression that administration of lower calorie/nitrogen ratios is associated with a better weight gain. PMID- 6791540 TI - Heavy metals and organochlorine residues in marine animals and coastal sediments of the Tirrenean sea around Naples. AB - A survey of selected heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg) and organo-chlorine hydrocarbons (DDT and PCB compounds) concentrations in marine animals and of mercury, DDT and PCB in coastal sediments, began in 1973. The sampling was confined to the Bay of Naples, and to the coast along Santa Maria di Castellabate, a small village about 100 km south of Naples which has recently declared a marine park. The results of this investigation indicate that contamination by the above pollutants is low; the extent of contamination in the bay of Naples, compared to that of the marine park, shows that the level of heavy metals and organochlorine hydrocarbons in the benthic organisms is nearly the same within the two areas, whereas that of the sediments of the bay is significantly higher than in the park. PMID- 6791541 TI - Platelet-vessel-wall interactions: experiences with von Willebrand platelets. AB - Adhesion of platelets from 15 patients with von Willebrand's disease was tested in an ex vivo human umbilical vein model. Experiments employed umbilical veins still in their umbilical cords taken from patients undergoing cesarean section and platelets (fetal, adult and vW) either apyrase-washed or used as platelet rich plasma or whole blood. F VIII R:Ag, F VIII:Rcof, and F VIII:C were measured in initial fresh plasma and in effluents from the umbilical vein segments. F VIII:Rcof increased in most perfusates. Binding of latex-linked specific antihuman F VIII R:Ag demonstrated that F VIII R:Ag existed on subendothelium and on injured endothelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy three-dimensionally displayed vW platelet--vessel-wall interactions. Although vW platelets adhered to injured vein, both qualitative and quantitative differences existed in comparison with adhesion of normal platelets. The differences correlated best with the plasma F VIII:Rcof level. The best adhesion shown by vW platelets was only 51 percent of the adhesion of control fetal or adult platelets. vW platelets had less surface activity, fewer pseudopods, and little ability to spread and pave the exposed subendothelium. Pretreatment of the vein with F VIII R:Ag antibody partly blocked adhesion. Coperfusion of cryoprecipitate with vW platelets improved their adhesivity, state of activation on subendothelium, and ability to form aggregates. ABO differences in blood cell types of fetal material and platelet donors seemed without effect, which further establishes this model's validity for studies of platelet dysfunction and platelet or endothelial reactive agents. PMID- 6791542 TI - Proteolysis of human fixed, washed platelets by gram-negative bacterial metalloproteases: effect on von Willebrand factor-human platelet interactions. AB - Fixed, washed platelets (FWP) are usually stable to aggregation with von Willebrand factor (vWF) from human and certain animal plasmas over several months of storage. When one lot of FWP lost its stability in less than 1 week, studies demonstrated contamination with Serratia marcescens. Extracellular proteases produced by S. marcescens, as well as by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, were found to cause loss of FWP aggregability. Purified proteases were prepared from cell-free culture filtrates of S. marcescens and two different strains of P. aeruginosa. They were used to study the effect on the interaction of FWP and vWF. All three purified proteases destroyed FWP aggregability in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. The protease produced by S. marcescens (SP) was found to be at least eight times more potent against FWP as a substrate than either of the two P. aeruginosa enzymes. The ability of SP to destroy FWP aggregability was prevented by EDTA and could be restored by the addition of Zn2+ in slight molar excess. When compared with trypsin and chymotrypsin, SP was found to be highly selective in digesting the FWP membrane, even at concentrations greater than that established to give a similar loss of FWP aggregability. SP does not induce aggregation of fresh, washed platelets or PRP, but renders them unaggregable with vWF. These proteases may be useful research tools for studying membranes and vWF-platelet interactions. PMID- 6791543 TI - Classification of variant von Willebrand's disease subtypes by analysis of functional characteristics and multimeric composition of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6791544 TI - Observations on structure-function relationships of human antihemophilic/von Willebrand factor protein. PMID- 6791545 TI - An agarose gel method for evaluating F VIII procoagulant electrophoretic distribution. PMID- 6791546 TI - Biosynthesis of prothrombin complex proteins. PMID- 6791547 TI - Preliminary characterization of a "factor VIII bypassing coagulant". PMID- 6791548 TI - Human protein C: inactivation of factors V and VIII in plasma by the activated molecule. PMID- 6791549 TI - Mechanism of action of the lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 6791550 TI - Heparin binding and protease inhibitor activity of chemically modified antithrombin III. PMID- 6791551 TI - Prothrombin complex concentrates: clinical use. PMID- 6791552 TI - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of metastatic melanoma of the trachea and bronchi. AB - An occasional patient with metastatic or recurrent malignant disease develops intraluminal masses in the trachea and/or the main bronchi. The accuracy of the application, absence of bleeding, slight reaction, and rapid healing make the CO2 laser applied through the open bronchoscope a valuable palliative treatment for the relief of obstructive dyspnea. This patient is reported because he demonstrated the reduced bleeding which occurred with the bronchoscopic CO2 lasing as compared to bronchoscopic forceps removal. PMID- 6791553 TI - Incendiary characteristics of endotracheal tubes with the carbon dioxide laser. An experimental study. AB - The ignition characteristics of the American Hospital, Portex, polyvinyl chloride, and red rubber tracheal tubes commonly available have been evaluated using a standard carbon dioxide laser. The added hazard of the increased combustibility of the impregnated line on endotracheal tubes and the hazard of commonly utilized anesthetic or lubricating materials are discussed. The safety limits which experimentally, indicate levels of energy and laser burst time which seem to preclude the hazard of ignition are outlined. The potential danger of postburn bronchiolitis is noted, along with appropriate treatment. PMID- 6791554 TI - Histopathology of acquired subglottic stenosis. A documented case report. AB - The history of a 2,900 g infant who had no stridor at birth and developed subglottic stenosis is presented in detail. The laryngeal lumen, which accepted a 3 mm endotracheal tube at one day of age, diminished to total occlusion at 15 months of age. There was an 8-day intubation and tracheotomy at nine months. At 19 months the patient expired from associated cardiac problems; the larynx was obtained at autopsy and was serially sectioned in the horizontal plane. A series (Imm-Tracer) of 12 sections through the stenotic area is presented. It demonstrates gross distortion of the cricoid cartilage with ossification extending into the right paraglottic larynx. PMID- 6791555 TI - Bronchoscopic cryotherapy. AB - Bronchoscopic cryotherapy of localized endobronchial tumors can be applied in selected patients who are not candidate for other traditional therapy. Twenty eight patients were treated on 60 occasions with a closed liquid nitrogen system and a long insulated probe that was specifically designed to be used through an open ventilating bronchoscope. The conditions of 15 patients (54%) was improved, as judged by local tumor control, decreased bleeding, or improved airway patency. Fatal complications that could be ascribed to cryotherapy occurred in 2 of the 60 treatments (3%). Two patients have experienced complete control of squamous cell cancers four years and five years nine months after cryotherapy. PMID- 6791556 TI - Anaerobic infections in otolaryngology. PMID- 6791557 TI - Postoperative wound infections. PMID- 6791558 TI - Invasive Hemophilus infections: epiglottitis and cellulitis. PMID- 6791559 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the antimicrobial agents for infections in the ear, nose and throat. AB - Knowledge of which microorganisms cause infection in the ear, nose and throat must be coupled with an understanding of the susceptibility patterns of these bacteria as well as knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of antimicrobial agents. EVen though many of the bacteria which produce community-acquired infection are susceptible to the older agents, specific problems have developed with regard to species such as Hemophilus influenzae and to Staphylococcus aureus. Hospital-acquired infections due to Enterobacteriaceae may be resistant to the penicillin drugs and to some of the older cephalosporins and aminoglycosides. Use of the new agents often requires an understanding of how rapidly the compounds are cleared from the body or if they will accumulate to toxic levels in the elderly patient with decreased renal function. This article reviews the antimicrobial activity and clinical pharmacology of agents commonly used to treat infections of the ear, nose and throat. PMID- 6791560 TI - Microbiology and antimicrobial treatment of otitis media. AB - Appropriate choice of antimicrobial agents for therapy of otitis media (OM) is based on an understanding of the microbiology of the acute and chronic diseases. The results of studies of bacteriology of OM are very similar: Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae are the most important pathogens; Gram negative enteric bacilli are isolated from middle ear fluids (MEF) of approximately 20% of infants to 6 weeks of age; group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are infrequent causes of otitis. Preliminary results suggest that anaerobic bacteria are responsible for some episodes of OM. Viruses and mycoplasma are infrequently isolated from MEF but Chlamydia trachomatis appears to be a significant cause of OM in young infants. Recent studies of asymptomatic children with persistent MEF indicate that bacterial pathogens are present in some of these fluids. The significance of these results is uncertain, but they suggest that the persistent effusion may be a result of prolonged infection or may be an immune response to bacterial antigens. Based on the bacteriology, amoxicillin or ampicillin are the currently preferred drugs for initial treatment of otitis media. For the child who is allergic to penicillins, cefaclor or erythromycin combined with a sulfonamide or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are satisfactory alternatives. The current incidence of ampicillin-resistant H influenzae responsible for OM is low but if the patient does not respond to initial therapy with ampicillin or amoxicillin, infection with a resistant strain of H influenzae should be considered and a change in therapy to include a sulfonamide, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or cefaclor is appropriate. PMID- 6791561 TI - Pharmacology of oral antibiotics used for treatment of otitis media and tonsillopharyngitis in infants and children. PMID- 6791562 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor in chronic middle ear effusions. AB - Fifty children aged 1 to 13 years with chronic or recurrent otitis media with effusion received a single dose of cefaclor (15 mg/kg body weight) by the oral route 30 minutes to seven hours before the removal of middle ear effusion and insertion of tympanostomy tubes. Serum and middle ear aspirate concentrations of the antibiotic were determined employing a microbiological assay technique by a disk diffusion method. Middle ear specimens were also cultured for aerobic bacteria. The mean peak serum concentration level (8.49 +/- 7.89 micrograms/ml) was observed after 30 minutes, whereas the middle ear peak level (0.47 +/- 0.78 micrograms/ml) occurred after one hour. Of the 87 middle ear specimens, 37 had cefaclor concentrations which were detectable within the resolution of the bioassay method (greater than 0.16 micrograms/ml). There was no correlation between the type of middle ear effusion (mucoid or serous) and the concentration of cefaclor in the middle ear. Only 18% of the middle ear cultures were positive for aerobic bacteria; Hemophilus influenzae was the most common organism. PMID- 6791563 TI - Comparison of cefaclor and amoxicillin for acute otitis media with effusion. AB - A double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted comparing cefaclor and amoxicillin for the treatment of acute otitis media with effusion in 110 children (150 ears). Each child underwent unilateral or bilateral tympanocentesis and then randomly received a 14-day course of either amoxicillin or cefaclor. Of 57 children in the cefaclor group, only 3 children (5.3%) had persistent or recurrent symptoms during the 14-day course of treatment, as compared to 5 of 53 children (9.4%) in the amoxicillin group, but this difference is not significant. After completion of the 14 days of therapy, 45 of 76 ears (59.2%) of the children in the cefaclor group were effusion-free, as compared to only 28 of 64 ears (43.7%) of the children in the amoxicillin group. When adjusted for age and race, this difference is statistically significant (p = .03). However, the difference between the effect of the two antimicrobials is not statistically significant in children. Cefaclor is a reasonable choice for antimicrobial therapy for acute otitis media with effusion, and from these study findings, it appears that cefaclor may be more effective than amoxicillin in resolving the middle ear effusion at the completion of 14-day therapy. PMID- 6791564 TI - Antimicrobial prophylaxis for recurrent acute otitis media. PMID- 6791565 TI - Antimicrobial therapy for chronic suppurative otitis media. AB - In chronic draining ear associated with a tympanic membrane perforation and/or cholesteatoma, the infection is that of bacterial contamination. Both aerobic and anaerobic organisms are found, notably Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and enteric organisms, particularly Bacteroides. The disease exists because of a structural defect in the middle ear cleft, which requires surgery as definitive treatment. Medical therapy is valuable as a temporary measure, in preoperative preparation, and in prevention and management of intracranial extension. Topical therapy with antibiotic ear drops is often helpful, but also important is local care with cleansing, drying, and antiseptic solutions or powders. Therapy is usually directed against the Pseudomonas organism with aminoglycosides and polymyxins, but Bacteroides fragilis now looms as an important pathogen in 13% of affected patients, requiring chloramphenicol. Since drugs directed against Bacteroides ae ineffective against Pseudomonas, and vice versa, there is no one agent we can rely upon for treatment of both. What we are all looking for, of course, is that brand new antibiotic the FDA hasn't released yet: "panaceamycin." It hasn't even been developed yet. None of the ones we have are a panacea; and until we get one, we will have to stick with what we have, exercise clinical judgment, and base our antibiotic selections on, if not proven culture results, then at least established microbial probabilities. PMID- 6791566 TI - Etiology and antimicrobial treatment of acute sinusitis. AB - Acute maxillary sinusitis is a disease of varied etiology. Over half of the cases are caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae. Anaerobic bacteria account for another 10% of cases and these are usually of dental origin. The rest of the cases are caused by several other bacteria, each of which cause a small proportion. Rhinoviruses, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses also invade the sinuses and probably lead to secondary bacterial infection. Diagnosis of acute sinusitis on clinical grounds is difficult. Sinus transillumination and x ray are the most valuable routine tests available. Ampicillin, amoxicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and cefaclor have been shown to be effective treatment for most cases of acute sinusitis. Infection persists when there is inadequate or inappropriate treatment. The patient may become relatively asymptomatic in the face of persistent active infection. Follow-up clinical and x ray examinations are indicated, when possible, to detect treatment failures. Although not a routine diagnostic procedure, sinus puncture and aspiration may be of value in the seriously ill patient or one who has not responded to treatment. PMID- 6791567 TI - Etiology and antimicrobial therapy of paranasal sinusitis in children. PMID- 6791568 TI - Etiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of pharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis. AB - This review focuses on clinically important aspects of the etiology, diagnosis, and antimicrobial treatment of pharyngitis and pharyngotonsillitis. Most episodes of throat infection are of viral etiology, and accordingly are not susceptible to antimicrobial drugs currently available. By contrast, streptococcal and other varieties of bacterial pharyngitis do call for appropriate antimicrobial treatment. The review encompasses a discussion of clinical, bacteriological, and serological diagnosis; an algorithm for decision-making about antimicrobial treatment that is based on both clinical findings and culture results; and a summary of treatment regimens, emphasizing the management of streptococcal throat infection. PMID- 6791569 TI - Cefaclor in management of streptococcal pharyngitis, otitis media, and skin infections. PMID- 6791570 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for surgery of the head and neck. AB - A prospective study of patients undergoing major head and neck cancer surgery was undertaken to 1) define the value of cefazolin prophylaxis in reducing the incidence of wound infection, 2) define the value of preoperative and intraoperative (perioperative) cultures in identifying the patient at high risk of wound infection and in predicting the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection, and 3) demonstrate the most common aerobic and anaerobic flora of infected wounds. Preoperatively, the neck skin, oropharynx and anterior nares were swabbed for aerobic cultures. An intraoperative wound culture was obtained after the mucosal defect was sutured and the wound irrigated with water and sent for aerobic culture. All infected wounds were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic flora. Cefazolin, 1 g, was given intramuscularly (IM) about two hours before the skin incision, and continued in 0.5 g doses IM or intravenously (IV) every six hours for four doses. Cefazolin prophylaxis significantly reduced the incidence of postoperative wound infection. Isolation of aerobic pathogens perioperatively was not correlated with a greater risk of wound infection and did not accurately predict the flora of subsequent wound infection. The most common pathogenic aerobes isolated from infected wounds were Staphylococcus aureus and beta Streptococcus not group A, as well as a variety of Gram-negative organisms. The most common anaerobic isolate was Bacteroides melaninogenicus. PMID- 6791571 TI - A new method for telecanthus correction in Waardenburg syndrome. AB - Waardenburg syndrome is characterized by lateral displacement of the medial canthi and lacrimal puncta, a broad nasal root, poliosis, heterochromia iridis, hyperplasia of the medial portion of the eyebrows, and congenital sensorineural deafness. As a group, these symptoms rarely occur in one individual, so care must be taken not to confuse an isolated condition with the syndrome. Of all the manifestations, the authors believe the lateral displacement of the medial canthi is the key factor in making a diagnosis. Sensorineural deafness is the most handicapping symptom. Surgical treatment is indicated for the correction of dystopia canthorum. We present a technique based on a double Z-plasty and nasal transfixion, plus attachment of the medial canthal tendons according to the techniques of Callahan and Mustarde. PMID- 6791572 TI - Pathophysiology of renal concentrating defects. AB - A number of advances which took place during the last decade have increased our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of urinary concentrating defects. The development of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for plasma vasopressin concentration has shed new light on vasopressin control mechanisms. The cellular action of vasopressin in biological membranes has been studied by various techniques. The role of adenylate cyclase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), microtubules, and microfilaments, in the response of vasopressin sensitive membranes is now partially understood. New models of countercurrent multiplication systems, in which urea plays a prominent role, offer a better explanation of certain experimental facts. Such advances had permitted a better understanding of clinical conditions characterized by concentrating defects, including hyperkalemia, hypercalcemia, parenchymal renal disease, obstructive renal disease, and polyuria induced by certain drugs. PMID- 6791573 TI - Ultrastructural findings in Lafora disease. PMID- 6791574 TI - Chronic GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as dystonia: I. Clinical and pathological features. AB - Clinical and pathological studies are reported from investigation of a 27-year old man with GM1 gangliosidosis who experienced a slowly progressive dystonia that began about age 4, primarily affected the face and limbs, and eventually became almost totally incapacitating. There was only mild intellectual deterioration; myoclonus, seizures, and macular cherry-red spots were never observed. Postmortem examination revealed intraneuronal storage, localized predominantly to the basal ganglia, in which neurons contained round, multilamellated inclusions. Golgi studies revealed meganeurites arising from medium spiny neurons. Other areas of the central nervous system appeared relatively unaffected, although small basilar dilatations were observed in scattered cortical pyramidal neurons and Purkinje cell dendrites showed focal swellings. Vacuolated cells of the reticuloendothelial system were observed, including Kupffer cells and histiocytes in the spleen, marrow, and intestinal tract. Biochemical analysis revealed a generalized beta-galactosidase deficiency with specific accumulation of GM1 ganglioside in the basal ganglia. PMID- 6791575 TI - Chronic GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as dystonia: II. Biochemical studies. AB - A patient with chronic GM1 gangliosidosis was studied enzymatically and biochemically. Leukocyte acid beta-galactosidase activity was severely deficient. In brain and liver, the 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-galactosidase with acidic pH optimum and lactosylceramidase II were deficient while other hydrolases were present in normal amounts, including sialidase determined with N-acetylneuramin lactose and fetuin as substrates. Neutral beta-galactosidase in liver was increased up to fourfold over the control. Corresponding to the pathological findings, GM1 ganglioside sialic acid was increased in the basal ganglia to 57% of the total (normal, 12 to 16%), accounting for the rise in total ganglioside to 180% of normal in this origin. Only slight to moderate elevations in the proportion of GM1 ganglioside were noted in the cerebral cortex and white matter, without major increase in total ganglioside. Elevated asialo GM1 ganglioside was also confined to the basal ganglia. There was no increase in hepatic glycoproteins or in keratan sulfate-like materials. This is the only known patient with chronic GM1 gangliosidosis in whom abnormal accumulation of GM1 ganglioside has been demonstrated in affected tissue and sialidase deficiency has been excluded as the primary genetic defect. PMID- 6791576 TI - Amino acid degradation by anaerobic bacteria. PMID- 6791577 TI - Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. PMID- 6791578 TI - Monoclonal antibodies: a powerful new tool in biology and medicine. PMID- 6791579 TI - Biochemistry of sensing and adaptation in a simple bacterial system. PMID- 6791580 TI - In vivo chemical modification of proteins (post-translational modification). PMID- 6791582 TI - Chagas' disease: an ecological appraisal with special emphasis on its insect vectors. PMID- 6791581 TI - A survey of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism and transport in man. PMID- 6791583 TI - [Characteristics of the resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids]. AB - A total of 503 clinical strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated in hospitals of 4 towns in 1976 - 1978 were studied. It was shown that a significant number of the isolates were resistant to high concentrations of streptomycin (83.3 per cent), kanamycin (71 per cent), sulfanilamide (70.2 per cent) and mercuric chloride (61.6 per cent). Strains resistant to gentamicin (29.8 per cent) and carbenicillin (20.2 per cent) occurred comparatively rare. Resistance to polymyxin and rifampicin was recorded in 2 and 4 per cent f the isolates respectively. It was found that 77 per cent of the isolates could transfer on conjugation the resistance determinants to the polyauxotrophic strains of Ps. aeruginosa ML 4262 (PAO). 83 conjugative plasmids controlling resistance to streptomycin (85.5 per cent), tetracycline (20.5 per cent), chloramphenicol (30.1 per cent), gentamicin (18.0 per cent), kanamycin (7.2 per cent), carbenicillin (13.7 per cent), sulfanilamides (125.3 per cent), organic and inorganic mercury compounds, hydroxyanions of chromium, tellurium and boron and UV radiation were isolated. The frequency of the plasmid transfer ranged from 10(-1) to 10(-6) (per donor cell). 4 nonconjugative plasmids were isolated. 2 of them determined resistance to streptomycin and sulfanilamide and 2 resistance to streptomycin, sulfanilamide and carbenicillin. The molecular mass of the plasmids was within 5.5 to 280 Md. The majority of the conjugative plasmids were classified as belonging to the incompatibility group P-2, the others belonged to groups P-1, P 3, P-5 and P-7. The nonconjugatiplasmids belonged to the incompatibility group P 4. PMID- 6791584 TI - Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 44 antimicrobial agents against three standard control strains in broth with and without human serum. AB - Standard minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are not established for most antimicrobial agents against strains of bacteria commonly used for quality control in susceptibility testing. The effects of cation and human serum supplementation of broth on the values are also unknown. Therefore, we performed 10 minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration determinations for 44 antimicrobial agents against the standard control strains Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in Mueller-Hinton broth and in Mueller-Hinton broth supplemented with calcium, magnesium, and 50% pooled human serum. Agreement of replicates was within one twofold dilution 97% of the time. Supplemented Mueller-Hinton broth gave higher minimum inhibitory concentrations for 24 antibiotics against S. aureus, for 17 drugs against E. coli, and for 12 drugs against P. aeruginosa, whereas it gave lower minimum inhibitory concentrations for 1 antibiotic against S. aureus, for 5 against E. coli, and for 5 against P. aeruginosa. Results for minimum bactericidal concentrations were similar. Added serum did not further affect the increased resistance of P. Aeruginosa to aminoglycosides encountered with cation supplementation of broth. These results provide expected values for the quality control strains when minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations are determined in these two Mueller-Hinton media. PMID- 6791586 TI - Synergism in the inhibition of Bacillus subtilis by combinations of lipophilic weak acids and fatty alcohols. AB - Combinations of two lipophilic weak acids and alcohols acted synergistically to inhibit growth of Bacillus subtilis. Alcohols contributed to both reversible and irreversible inhibitions by acids. PMID- 6791585 TI - Heterogeneity of antibiotic resistance in mucoid isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from cystic fibrosis patients: role of outer membrane proteins. AB - Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients are very heterogeneous and include a class which is hypersusceptible to carbenicillin (minimum inhibitory concentration, less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml). Hypersusceptible mucoid P. aeruginosa isolates were found in 12 of 22 cystic fibrosis patients examined. In cystic fibrosis patients having both resistant and hypersusceptible mucoid strains, 24 of 54 mucoid colonies obtained from a sputum sample were found to belong to the hypersusceptible class. In most instances, hypersusceptible and resistant strains isolated from the same sputum sample were indistinguishable, aside from their antibiotic susceptibilities, by classical methods. A particular pair of mucoid isolates (one hypersusceptible and one resistant) was chosen for further study. The hypersusceptibility was not limited to carbenicillin but was found to extend to other penicillins, tetracycline, and trimethoprim but not to the aminoglycosides gentamicin and tobramycin. The hypersusceptibility of the mucoid strain was found to be unrelated to amount or ability to synthesize alginate. The hypersusceptible strain was found to have two additional outer membrane proteins (32,000 and 25,000 daltons) as compared with the resistant strain. The 32,000-dalton protein, termed protein N1, was found to be correlated to the hypersusceptibility phenotype, as all spontaneous mutants of the hypersusceptible mucoid strain which were capable of growing in the presence of 50 microgram of carbenicillin per ml had lost the 32,000-dalton outer membrane protein. The possible origins of the hypersusceptibility phenotype and the implications of the heterogeneity of mucoid P. aeruginosa in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa are discussed. PMID- 6791587 TI - Molecular and phenotypic characterization of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae from Canadian sources. AB - The incidence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) infections has increased in Canada during the past 2 years. Most of these cases were imported from abroad. The PPNG strains from these cases were characterized with respect to susceptibility to 11 antibiotics, auxotype, and plasmid content. Rosaramicin and cefuroxime proved to be the most potent of the antibiotics tested. The molecular characterization of the isolates indicated that all carried a 2.6-megadalton cryptic plasmid. Most of the PPNG isolates (87%) harbored a 4.5 megadalton penicillinase-producing plasmid, whereas only 13% harbored the 3.2 megadalton penicillinase-producing plasmid. In those cases where contact tracing was possible, the correlation linking strains of Far Eastern etiology with carriage of the 4.5-megadalton plasmid was upheld. The penicillinase-producing strains were typed auxanographically in either the proline-requiring (57%) or prototrophic groups (42%). Substrate hydrolysis profiles and analytical isoelectric focusing of crude beta-lactamase extracts of several isolates has reconfirmed that these strains elaborate a type TEM-1 enzyme. Several of the penicillinase-producing plasmids were also examined for plasmid stability. PMID- 6791588 TI - Aminoglycoside-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa deficient in cytochrome d, nitrite reductase, and aerobic transport. AB - Two gentamicin-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO 503 were selected after ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis. Mutant PAO 2403 had significantly increased resistance to aminoglycoside but not to other antibiotics. Mutant PAO 2402 showed a similar spectrum of resistance but of lower magnitude. Both mutants showed no detectable cytochrome d and had a high frequency of reversion to a fully wild-type phenotype. PAO 2403 had a marked decrease and PAO 2402 had a moderate decrease in nitrite reductase activity. Both mutants had reduced uptake of gentamicin and dihydrostreptomycin. Mutant PAO 2403 showed a general decrease in transport rate of cationic compounds, whereas mutant PAO 2402 had only deficient glucose transport. Both mutants showed enhanced rates of glutamine transport and no change in glutamic acid transport. Other components of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation were normal. These mutants involve ferrocytochrome C551 oxidoreductase formed only on anaerobic growth but illustrate transport defects in aerobically grown cells. PMID- 6791589 TI - Effect of ionized calcium and soluble magnesium on the predictability of the performance of Mueller-Hinton agar susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with gentamicin. AB - The soluble and ionized calcium and magnesium contents of 18 lots of Mueller Hinton agar medium from three different manufacturers were analyzed, and the results were correlated with medium performance. A standardized disk diffusion test, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and a 10-microgram gentamicin disk, served as an indicator of medium performance. Zone diameters correlated well with the ionized calcium values and the sum of the ionized calcium and soluble magnesium values in the different lots (r = -0.88 for both). Zone diameters correlated poorly with ionized magnesium values (r = -0.57), which were best described by a curvilinear relationship. Supplementation of lots of Mueller Hinton agar medium with equivalent amounts of calcium and magnesium as the chloride, gluconate, or glycerophosphate salts produced identical decreases in zone sizes. Adjustment of deficient lots of Mueller-Hinton agar medium with ionized calcium or soluble magnesium or both (as the gluconate salts), to match the concentrations in lots that provided satisfactory zone sizes (17 to 19 mm), resulted in performance comparable to that of the control lots. Sixteen strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, ranging from resistant to susceptible, responded to cation adjustment in the same manner as the ATCC quality control strain. Satisfactory medium performance can obviously be assured by biological means in aminoglycoside susceptibility testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on Mueller-Hinton medium; however, cation adjustment of medium to predetermined levels of ionized calcium and soluble magnesium can now also provide desirable performance levels for P. aeruginosa on Mueller-Hinton medium. PMID- 6791590 TI - Cell yield and bioenergetics of Thiomicrospira denitrificans compared with Thiobacillus denitrificans. AB - From cell yields of Thiomicrospira denitrificans grown inthe chemostat at different growth rates under anaerobic conditions a value of 1.4 mM S2O3 = per g dry wt and per h could be calculated for maintenance energy requirements, and of 5.65 dry wt per mole S2O3 = for the true growth yield. Cell yields of Thiomicrospira denitrificans appeared to be almost half of those of Thiobacillus denitrificans. Though in Thiobacillus denitrificans at D = 0.03 h(-1) under anaerobic conditions a value was found of 11.60 g dry wt per mole of thiosulphate used for energetic purposes, a value of 5.72 g dry wt per mole of thiosulphate was found under comparable conditions in Thiomicrospira denitrificans. Under aerobic conditions at D = 0.03 h(-1) values of 18.54 g dry wt per mole of thiosulphate were found in Thiobacillus denitrificans whereas Thiomicrospira denitrificans yielded only 9.38 g dry wt per mole of thiosulphate. As in Thiobacillus denitrificans anaerobic cell yields on sulphide were comparable to those on thiosulphate. Calculations have been made which indicate that the biosynthetic efficiency of Thiomicrospira denitrificans is lower than that of Thiobacillus denitrificans. This can only partly be explained by the absence of adenosine-phosphosulphate (APS) reductase. PMID- 6791591 TI - Features of rumen and sewage sludge strains of Eubacterium limosum, a methanol- and H2-CO2-utilizing species. AB - Eubacterium limosum was isolated as the most numerous methanol-utilizing bacterium in the rumen fluid of sheep fed a diet in which molasses was a major component (mean most probable number of 6.3 X 10(8) viable cells per ml). It was also isolated from sewage sludge at 9.5 X 10(4) cells per ml. It was not detected in the rumen fluid of a steer on a normal hay-grain diet, although Methanosarcina, as expected, was found at 9.5 X 10(5) cells per ml. The doubling time of E. limosum in basal medium (5% rumen fluid) with methanol as the energy source (37 degree C) was 7 h. Acetate, cysteine, carbon dioxide, and the vitamins biotin, calcium-D-pantothenate, and lipoic acid were required for growth on a chemically defined methanol medium. Acetate, butyrate, and caproate were produced from methanol. Ammonia or each of several amino acids served as the main nitrogen source. Other energy sources included adonitol, arabitol, erythritol, fructose, glucose, isoleucine, lactate, mannitol, ribose, valine, and H2-CO2. The doubling time for growth on H2-CO2 (5% rumen fluid, 37 degree C) was 14 h as compared with 5.2 h for isoleucine and 3.5 h for glucose. The vitamin requirements for growth on H2-CO2 were the same as those for methanol; however, acetate was not required for growth on H2-CO2, although it was necessary for growth on valine, isoleucine, and lactate and was stimulatory to growth on glucose. Acetate and butyrate were formed during growth on H2-CO2, whereas branched-chain fatty acids and ammonia were fermentation products from the amino acids. Heat tolerance was detected, but spores were not observed. The type strain of E. limosum (ATCC 8486) and strain L34, which was isolated from the rumen of a young calf, grew on methanol, H2-CO2, valine, and isoleucine and showed the same requirements for acetate as the freshly isolated strains. PMID- 6791592 TI - Steroid-responsive and nephrotic syndrome and allergy: clinical studies. AB - Eighty-four children with steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome who had been shown to have, or were believed to have, minimal change histology were investigated to study the relationship between steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome and allergy. They were found to have a greater incidence of the standard atopic disorders--asthma, eczema, recurrent urticaria, and hay fever. Their 1st degree relatives had an increased incidence of these atopic disorders too. A nasal discharge was a frequent precursor or an accompaniment of nephrotic syndrome, but an overt atrophic disorder at the same time was rare. Such disorders, related to relapse, occurred in only 5 children; in none was it a consistent or recurrent happening at the time of each relapse. No example of pollen hypersensitivity nephrotic syndrome was found, and no particular allergen could be identified with certainty as responsible for a child's nephrotic syndrome. No association was found between the time of relapse and the season of the year, or the season in which the child was born. Children with nephrotic syndrome had a greater incidence of positive skin tests to common antigens, the comparative frequency of positive reactions to different antigens being similar to that found in children with asthma, although the total frequency was about half that of children with asthma. Despite the increased incidence of clinical features of atopy, measures to reduce the frequency of relapse of nephrotic syndrome by allergen avoidance, the use of sodium cromoglycate, and the use of a new oral antiallergic drug were unsuccessful. PMID- 6791595 TI - Transpyloric feeding in infants undergoing intensive care. PMID- 6791594 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency associated with a fatal lymphoproliferative disorder. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old boy presented with an illness resembling glandular fever. He was found to have T-cell deficiency with lack of red and white cell purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme activity. A spastic tetraparesis was noted. The patient subsequently died of a malignant lymphoma of the B-immunoblastic type. PMID- 6791593 TI - Gonadotrophin response to LH-RH in boys with delayed growth and adolescence. AB - Plasma luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were measured before and after intravenous luteinising hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) in 33 boys with growth delay. Eighteen were prepubertal and 15 pubertal. Basal LH and FSH levels were low in both groups with mean increments after LH-RH of 3.2 +/- 0.8 U/l (mean +/- SEM) and 2.6 +/- 0.4 U/l respectively in the prepubertal and 7.4 +/- 0.7 U/l and 2.0 +/- 0.3 U/l in the pubertal boys. The LH increment showed a positive correlation with increasing bone age (r = 0.71, P less than 0.001); FSH did not. The LH-RH response thus appeared normal in relation to the stage of maturity. PMID- 6791596 TI - Nebulised cromoglycate, theophylline, and placebo in preschool asthmatic children. AB - Sixteen children aged under 5 years with chronic asthma completed a double-blind crossover trial of treatment with oral choline theophyllinate (6.7 mg/kg four times daily) and nebulised sodium cromoglycate (20 mg four times daily). The trial comprised three 8-week treatment periods during which active sodium cromoglycate, active choline theophyllinate, and placebo were given in random order. Symptom scores for sleep disturbance, cough, wheeze, and daily activities were similar during the three treatment periods if results were analysed using Friedman's non-parametric analysis of variance. However the Mantel-Haenszel test showed that sodium cromoglycate was superior to placebo (P less than 0.05) in maintaining normal daily activities. Either regimen is safe and well tolerated by young children. PMID- 6791597 TI - [Parameters of fetal maturity in Rh-isoimmunization (author's transl)]. AB - On 79 samples of amniotic fluid coming from 50 cases of Rh-isoimmunization submitted to amniocentesis one or more times, the following tests were done: a) creatinine; b) proteins; c) uric acid; d) urea; e) lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. The results were related to the degree of immunization as determined by spectrophotometric curve of the amniotic fluid. For reasons of comparison, the same tests were performed on samples of amniotic fluid from 79 pregnant non immunized patients. Determinations of creatinine, uric acid and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio have pointed out a delayed fetal maturity in Rh isoimmunized pregnant women, more marked in the more severe cases. The proteins level were increased, probably also because of the transfer of IgG antibodies into the amniotic fluid, whereas the estimation of fetal maturity based on urea concentrations is quite unreliable. PMID- 6791598 TI - Cervical esophageal dysphagia: indications for and results of cricopharyngeal myotomy. AB - Twenty patients with cervical esophageal dysphagia were treated by cricopharyngeal myotomy. Of these 20 patients, ten had pharyngoesophageal diverticula, four had a hypertensive upper esophageal sphincter (UES), four had bulbar palsy, and two has miscellaneous forms of cricopharyngeal dysfunction. Preoperative esophageal manometric examination revealed mean UES pressures of 37.2 mmHg +/- 4.8 SEM in patients with diverticula-markedly lower (p = 0.01) than in normal patients (55.9 mmHg +/- 5.0 SEM). In patients with hypertensive UES the mean pressure was 166.2 mmHg +/- 13.4, significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than normal. Incoordination of the deglutitive response of the UES characterised by premature relaxation and contraction was present in all patients with diverticula and in one other patient. Another patient exhibited incomplete sphincteric relaxation (achalasia). A 4-5 cm myotomy of the cricopharyngeus muscle and adjacent esophageal muscle was performed in all patients. On the patients with diverticula two also had diverticulectomy. No patient with bulbar palsy was benefited. All other patients were relieved of dysphagia by the operation, with the exception of one patient with a diverticulum. A subsequent diverticulectomy was required in this patient. Postoperative manometric examination revealed an average decrease in UES pressure of 63% and an average decreased in length of the high pressure zone of 1.4 cm. PMID- 6791600 TI - Levamisole and other diamine oxidase inhibitors as inhibitors of sperm motility. AB - Levamisole, an anthelmintic drug and inhibitor of sperm motility, is a potent inhibitor of seminal diamine oxidase. Many other diamine oxidase inhibitors also inhibit sperm motility. The most active class of these sperm motility inhibitors is the group for isothiuronium compounds, some of which are much more potent than many other metabolic inhibitors tested. They also possess the property of inducing sperm to be motile in closed circles becoming immotile with a characteristically curled shape, and are active against mouse epididymal, rabbit, and human spermatozoa. PMID- 6791599 TI - Prevention of diabetes in rats by bone marrow transplantation. AB - Hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia and ketonemia often develop abruptly in previously normal young "BB" rats. The syndrome mimics human juvenile diabetes closely and is, thus, appropriate for assessing pancreatic transplantation. Transplantation of islet cells from closely histocompatible Wistar Furth (WF) donor resulted in permanent normoglycemia when immunosuppression with ALS was given. However, when islet cells from nondiabetic "BB" donors were transplanted to nonimmunosuppressed diabetic "BB" recipients, only transient normoglycemia followed. Transplantation of WF islets cells also failed in diabetic "BB" rats which were tolerant of WF antigens, again suggesting destruction of transplanted islet cells by the original disease process-possibly autoimmunity. Evidence for autoimmunity was strengthened by the finding that newly diabetic "BB" rats could be rendered normoglycemic by immunosuppression. Since genetic susceptibility to spontaneous autoimmune diabetes is unique to some members of the "BB" stock, an attempt was made to alter their vulnerability by modifying their cellular immune system. Accordingly, 50 million bone marrow cells from WF donors were inoculated into half the newborn members of "BB" litters, leaving the littermates as unmodified controls. Most bone marrow recipients were protected, only four of 37 (10.8%) ever becoming diabetic, while the incidence of diabetes in noninoculated littermates was 22 of 39 (56.4%). The ultimate goal in human diabetes, which also seems very likely to be an autoimmune disease, may not be replacement of destroyed islet cells but identification of potentially susceptible children and prevention of islet destruction by immunologic manipulation. PMID- 6791602 TI - Modification of convulsive behaviour and body temperature in mice by intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandins, arachidonic acid and the soluble acetylsalicylic acid salt lysine acetylsalicylate. AB - The effects of centrally injected prostaglandins (PGE1 and PGF2 alpha), arachidonic acid and lysine acetylsalicylate were examined on the seizure activity and temperature changes produced by pentylentetrazole (PTZ) and also on maximal electroshock (MES) seizures. PGE1 antagonised both PTZ and MES seizures whilst PGF2 alpha had the reverse effect. In addition both PGs alone produced hyperthermia but attenuated PTZ hypothermia. Arachidonic acid protected against PTZ--but potentiated MES--seizures whilst lysine acetylsalicylate augmented the effects of both convulsive stimuli. Lysine acetylsalicylate and arachidonic acid alone were transiently hyperthermic and also antagonised PTZ hypothermia though the total net effect may have been due to a functional antagonism. It is suggested from these findings that PGE1 has anticonvulsant effects whilst PGF2 alpha promotes seizures neither of these properties correlating with thermoregulatory actions. PMID- 6791601 TI - Dopamine receptor stimulating activity of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-aminotetralin derivatives. AB - The effects of 5-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-aminotetralins were evaluated for central and presynaptic peripheral dopaminergic activity. Di-ethyl (DK-121) and di-propyl (DK 118) derivatives inhibited the tachycardia produced by postganglionic cardioaccelerator nerve stimulation in the cat. This effect was blocked by haloperidol (100 micrograms/kg). DK-118 inhibited stimulation-induced contraction of the cat nictitating membrane. The pressor response produced by lumbar sympathetic chain stimulation in the isolated hindlimb of the cat was inhibited by DK-118 following intravenous administration. Reflex sympathetic activation produced by 30 sec bilateral carotid occlusion was also inhibited by DK-118 in the dog. Centrally, DK-118 caused contralateral circling behavior in rats who had unilateral lesions of the caudate nucleus. DK-118 did not effect DOPA levels in either the caudate nucleus or olfactory tubercle. In contrast, DK-121 decreased DOPA levels in the caudate nucleus but did not produce circling behavior in rats. Both compounds have weak emetic activity in dogs. These results suggest that DK 121 and DK-118 possess stimulant properties on dopaminergic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. However, DK-121 does not appear to stimulate postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the central nervous system. PMID- 6791603 TI - Chronic myeloid leukemia in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - Eighteen months after the occurrence of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive chronic myeloid leukemia developed in a 69 year-old woman. The coexistence of the two disorders was characterized by an initial reduction of paraproteinemia at the time that leukemia occurred, a long lasting remission of the two disorders, and a final parallel increase of paraproteins and WBCs. Since leukemia occurred 15 months after the interruption of melphalan therapy, the potential mutagenic role of chemotherapy was considered irrelevant. Therefore, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia might favor the occurrence of chronic myeloid leukemia. PMID- 6791604 TI - Association of retroperitoneal fibrosis and interstitial nephritis. AB - A patient with renal failure and light-chain proteinuria showed roentgenographic evidence of retroperitoneal fibrosis on further examination. Diffuse hyperglobulinemia, low levels of C3 and C4, and elevated C1q binding were noted. Biopsy specimens of the kidney and retroperitoneal tissue disclosed a dense pleomorphic cellular infiltrate with a preponderance of plasma cells. Renal function improved slowly after ureterolysis and institution of prednisone therapy. The case emphasizes the immunologic features of the early phase of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. PMID- 6791605 TI - Multiple myeloma with discordant M components in the serum and CSF. AB - A patient with multiple myeloma was initially seen with Bence Jones-type kappa proteinemia and intermittent Bence Jones proteinuria. In the late stage of the disease, involvement of the CNS was observed, and abnormal plasma cells were found in the CSF. Chromosomal analysis of these plasma cells showed an accessory chromosome in the A2 group and an abnormal chromosome in the D13 group. In addition to Bence Jones-type kappa protein similar to that in the serum, the CSF contained IgA-kappa M component. Immunoquantitation detected 250 mg/dL of IgA in the CSF and only 33 mg/dL in the serum. T our knowledge, such discordance of M components has never been described before. PMID- 6791606 TI - Effects of lithium carbonate on leucocytes of hepatic cirrhosis patients. AB - So as to assess the effects of lithium carbonate on peripheral leucocyte levels of hepatic cirrhosis patients, 10 cirrhotic patients were studied with less than 4,500 leukocytes per cubic ml and without contraindications for lithium salts that were administered for three weeks at a dose of 90 mg daily. At the end of each week total peripheral leukocytes, differential formula, platelet count and serum lithium concentration determinations were made. In the basal stage, total leukocyte average was 3,400 +/- 527 (X +/- DE) and granulocyte average was 2,090 +/- 341. After the first week of lithium treatment a significant increase was observed in total leukocyte and granulocyte levels whose averages at the end of the third week of treatment were 4,800 +/- 1,052 (p less than 0.01) and 3,694 +/- 1,003 (p less than 0.001) respectively. There was no correlation between the magnitude of leukocyte increase and serum lithium levels obtained that ranged from 0.28 and 1.32 mEq/l. Three patients showed transient gross tremor and two suffered hepatic coma. We can conclude that lithium carbonate increases peripheral leucocytes at the expense of neutrophilia in patients with secondary granulocytopenia and hypersplenism resulting in liver cirrhosis. PMID- 6791607 TI - Treatment of ketoacidosis and diabetic coma by continuous intravenous administration of water, glucose, regular insulin and electrolytes. AB - The therapeutical scheme prescribed for the treatment of ketoacidosis and diabetic coma before the 1970s is quite stereotyped and inflexible in regard to the routes of administration and doses of insulin, as well as the management of dehydration and metabolic acidosis. This paper reports the experience of the Endocrinology Service of the General Hospital of the "La Raza" Medical Center for over 10 years. 35 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were included in a treatment by continuous intravenous administration of glucose, water, insulin and potassium. These patients were programmed in a 12 hour study. The dose of insulin was estimated at a ratio of 1 IU per 1 gm of excess glucose over 2.0 gm/l. The amount of glucose administered was in ratio to the caloric requirements per kilo of bodyweight of the individual patient. The volume of water was administered on the basis of the degree of dehydration estimated. The potassium was prescribed at a ratio of 20 mEq/l of solution, or more if necessary. The patient's recovery was observed during a period of from 7 to 10 hours, with improvement of the hyperglycemia, dehydration and metabolic acidosis. The method has allowed us to observe the diabetic patient's rapid recovery when he has been in ketoacidosis or coma, without complications such as hypoglycemia. No mortality was observed. PMID- 6791608 TI - Zinc and copper abnormalities in fasting patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. AB - Low serum levels of zinc and copper have recently been reported in association with TPN and the fasting state. A prospective study during May 1977 through November 1978 was performed in 28 patients undergoing TPN. Serum and urinary Zn and Cu levels were detected; the patient population was divided in septic and non septic groups and each was subdivided according to plasma administration. In both groups low serum Zn and Cu levels were detected. The urinary losses were greater in the group with sepsis. Three patients had clinical manifestations of Zn deficiency, in two it was reversible with the administration of diet or oral Zn. The third one died of sepsis. The low serum levels found in our patients suggested that plasma administration might be insufficient to cover the daily requirements of such elements. This requirement is augmented by the increased urinary losses seen in septic postoperative stages. PMID- 6791609 TI - Experimental Chagas' disease in dogs. A pathologic and ECG study of the chronic indeterminate phase of the infection. AB - Pathology of the chronic latent phase of Chagas' disease is poorly understood. In our experiment, nine dogs were inoculated with Trypanosoma cruzi and acute disease developed within 15 to 25 days, followed by a chronic asymptomatic period that varied from eight months to three years, at which time the animals were killed. Although ECG changes were minimal, all animals showed a mild focal chronic myocarditis, with a few microscopic foci of fibrosis. Focal or diffuse fibrosis, scleroatrophy, and fatty replacement were present in various parts of the conducting system, especially in the atrioventricular node, the distal portion of His' main bundle, and the initial portion of the right bundle. These lesions were considered to be sequelae from inflammation and necrosis during the acute phase of the infection. In addition to characterizing the lesions of the chronic indeterminate phase of Chagas' disease in the canine model, the present findings suggest that the lesions may be responsible for ECG changes that may appear in subjects with otherwise asymptomatic T cruzi infection. PMID- 6791610 TI - [Effect of amino acid supplements to barley meal on the nitrogen metabolism of growing castrated male swine (20-65 kg live weight)]. AB - In 56 N-balance experiments of the influence of differentiated amino acid supplements to coarse barley meal enriched with energy, minerals and additives on the nitrogen metabolism of castrated male pigs, was investigated. The joint supplement of lysine and methionine remained without result in comparison with the sole supplementation of lysine. Only the additional supplementation of threonine resulted in the further improvement of protein utilisation. The results corroborate the effect of the amino acid lysine limiting the performance in barley protein and prove that threonine takes the second place in the sequence of limitation. PMID- 6791612 TI - Fluoridation grant program--is trouble developing? PMID- 6791611 TI - Further studies on dimethylnitrosamine metabolism, activation and its ability to cause liver injury. AB - Effects were studied of aminoacetonitrile (AAN), dibenamine (DB) diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) dimethylformamide (DMF), disulfiram (DS), and 2 mercapto-1-methylimidazole (MMI) on the in vitro dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) metabolism to CO2, covalent binding (CB) of DMN metabolites to nucleic acids in liver slices, DMN demethylase (DMNase) in male rat liver microsomes or 9,000 g supernatants and CB to microsome of 9,000 g supernatant proteins. Effects of those chemicals on DMN-induced rat liver necrosis were also studied, except for DS whose preventive effect was previously reported by our laboratory. All the chemicals significantly prevented DMN-induced liver necrosis, except for MMI that had no effect. All these compounds when added to incubation mixtures containing liver slices from Sprague-Dawley rats, significantly inhibited transformation of DMN to CO2 and CB to nucleic acids and when they were injected into animals and liver slices prepared afterwards, they did so except for MMI and DMF that had no effect. None of the chemicals tested except DDTC and MMI modified CB to microsome proteins whereas the CB to 9,000 g supernatant proteins was significantly decreased by all the chemicals except MMI. DMNase activity either in microsomes or 9,000 g supernatants was significantly inhibited by all the compounds except MMI. PMID- 6791613 TI - Muscles of mastication as they relate to oral physiology. Part I--Anatomy and physiology. PMID- 6791614 TI - [Reactive changes in the capillaries of the mammillary bodies of the brains of aging animals]. AB - As electron microscopic investigation of the capillary wall in the mammillary bodies has demonstrated, in old animals the number of organells in the endothelial cells decreases; discomplexion and reduction of mitochondrial crists occur, their matrix becomes cleared; myelin-like structures are formed. In pericytes pigment inclusions are accumulating. Noncellular component of the basal layer loses its regular structure and foci of hydratation appear in it. When pharmacological loadings (adrenaline, aminazine) are applied to old animals, distrophic processes in the vascular wall increase; that results in disturbance of permeability, sharp hydratation of the basal layer, edema of the tissue elements around the brain and, hence, in a more prolonged restorative period. PMID- 6791615 TI - [Current aspects of the problem of thesaurismoses]. AB - The main changes occuring in the theory of thesaurismoses are presented briefly. Main groups of thesaurismoses characterized by disorders of one or another kind of metabolism are dealt with. Most frequently occuring forms of thesaurismoses are described and by their examples it is shown how new nosological entities are distinguished by the nature of metabolic disorders, by the defect of the enzyme, and by the degree of severity of the enzymatic block. The main criteria for morphological diagnosis of thesaurismoses are presented including the presence of accumulation cell, their localization in different organs, histochemical analysis of accumulation products and electron microscopic findings. Biochemical examinations are considered to be essential for diagnosis. PMID- 6791616 TI - [CLearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lungs in experimental burn trauma]. AB - Experiments carried out in rats demonstrated that a burn of degree III of 20% of the body surface disturbs considerably the process of lung clearance from bacterial dissemination (5 million bodies of Pseudomonas pyocyanea). Not only decreased but even negative clearance may be observed indicating multiplication of the bacteria in pulmonary tissues for the first 3 days after burn, and intratracheal infection of the animals. Reduced general antibacterial resistance as a result of burn facilitates rapid penetration of P. pyocyanea into the lymph nodes, blood, kidneys, liver, spleen where it is found 6 hours after infection. PMID- 6791617 TI - Positron imaging in ischemic stroke disease using compounds labeled with oxygen 15. Initial results of clinicophysiologic correlations. AB - Initial results in over 50 patients with stroke suggest that positron images made during continuous inhalation of carbon dioxide labeled with oxygen 15 and molecular oxygen labeled with oxygen 15 provide data on tissue function that may be relevant to acute stroke management. Five cases illustrate the following findings: 15O-activity patterns observed in areas of ischemic injury or infarction are what one would expect if the 15O distributions represented physiologic functions, such as cerebral blood flow and metabolism. Areas of abnormal 15O activity correlate with the clinical or computed tomographic (CT) localization of the deficit. In studies performed acutely, changes in 15O distributions anticipate alterations in CT scans and may be predictive of outcome. Data related to oxygen metabolism correlate better with tissue viability than do those reflecting cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6791618 TI - Complications of baclofen withdrawal. AB - In three patients taking baclofen on a long-term basis, hallucinosis and/or seizures developed with abrupt reduction of dose or discontinuation of baclofen therapy. These cases emphasize the advisability of tapering the dose of baclofen gradually after long-term administration. PMID- 6791619 TI - Pre-eruptive protein-energy malnutrition and acid solubility of rat molar enamel surfaces. PMID- 6791620 TI - Human serum precipitins to human dental plaque and oral bacteria. PMID- 6791621 TI - An improved assay for interleukin 2 (lymphocyte growth factor) produced by mitogen-activated lymphocytes. AB - The continued proliferation of activated T cells requires the presence of a lymphocyte growth factor in the culture medium. This study describes a rapid, highly reproducible assay to quantitatively measure levels of this lymphokine. The use of Concanavalin-A blast cells given this assay a high degree of flexibility and convenience. It is shown that the lymphokine measured is interleukin 2. The presence of an inhibitor in the supernatant of mitogen activated lymphocytes and the species specificity of the factor are demonstrated. PMID- 6791622 TI - Cellular requirements for production and release of the lymphocyte costimulator. AB - The lymphocyte costimulator (CoS) is a lymphokine required for the activation of T cell responses to H-2 alloantigens or mitogen, CoS activity is found in the supernatant medium of Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated spleen cells, In this paper we investigate the cellular requirements for CoS production by Con A activated mouse spleen cells. Maximal lymphokine production in response to Con A depends on a co-operative interaction between T cells and a nylon wool-adherent cell present in the spleen of nude mice. T cells appear to be the major producers of CoS activity, doing so only in response to an initial inductive stimulus supplied by nude spleen cells. The inductive stimulus is found as a soluble factor in the supernatant of Con A-activated spleen cells, and can also be provided by stimulatory (S+), but not by non-stimulatory (S-), tumour cells H-2 identical with the responding T cells. The activation of lymphokine-producing T cells is thus a two-signal process, requiring both mitogen and an additional inductive signal. Once activated, homogeneous populations of T cells will release lymphokine in response to mitogen alone. PMID- 6791623 TI - The effect of dietary xylitol on the ability of rat caecal flora to metabolise xylitol. AB - The effect of dietary xylitol on the ability of the rat caecal flora to metabolise xylitol was investigated. Xylitol metabolism in micro-organisms has generally been assessed in terms of pH change and acid production which are often insensitive in demonstrating low rates of substrate utilisation. Using a rapid and sensitive radioisotopic assay, in which 14CO2 production from [U-14C] xylitol was measured, it was possible to show that the caecal microflora obtained from rats can metabolise xylitol. This activity was increased 10, 15, 30 and 40-fold in the caecal flora taken from rats fed diets containing 2.5,5,10 and 20% xylitol, respectively. Using the caecal microflora of normally fed rats, the order of 14CO2 production from 14C-labelled sugars and sugar alcohols was glucose greater than fructose greater than xylose greater than sorbitol greater than or equal to xylitol. The feeding of glucose and fructose did not alter the 14CO2 producing activities, whereas xylose feeding increased xylose metabolism, sorbitol feeding increased sorbitol and xylitol metabolism, xylitol feeding increased sorbitol, xylose and its own metabolism and arabitol feeding increased xylose and sorbitol metabolism. Marked changes were also observed in the population of the caecal flora of xylitol-fed rats, with increases in the number of gram-positive bacteria, compared to rats on a normal diet. Possible mechanisms for these effects involve mutation, selection of micro-organisms capable of metabolising sugar alcohols, and the induction of enzymes involved in sugar alcohol metabolism. PMID- 6791624 TI - The biological activity of different gastrin peptides assessed using a cytochemical section bioassay. AB - A cytochemical section bioassay has been used to assess the carbonic anhydrase activity, induced by the gastrin peptides G13, G17 and G34 (concentration 5.0 0.005 pg/ml), in guinea pig parietal cells. When the mean integrated density of the induced response x 100, was plotted against the concentration of the gastrin peptide used, a graded dose response and a positive linear correlation was found for G13 and G17. These responses were similar. G34 did not produce a linear dose response in the concentration range 5.0-0.005 pg/ml, but a higher overall carbonic anhydrase activity was observed than with G13 and G17. PMID- 6791625 TI - Umbilical hernia of a diverticulum of the vitelline duct in a horse. PMID- 6791626 TI - Immunoelectrophoresis of duck sera and immunoglobulins. AB - Duck whole sera (DWS) and immunoglobulins (DIg) were studied in immunoelectrophoresis (IE) and immunodiffusion (ID) tests by rabbit (R) anti-DWS and R anti-DIg sera, as well as by R antisera monospecific for DIgM and DIgG classes. Immunoelectrophoresis of adult DWS against R anti-DWS illustrated the presence of DIgM and two subclasses of DIgG. These observations were verified by the use of monospecific R anti-DIgM and R anti-DIgG sera. It appeared that DIgM is an electrophoretically heterogeneous protein with components that migrate more slowly than IgM of other species. The cathodal tip of the DIgM extended into the gamma2 migration zone almost as far as the DigG arc. Changes in the IE pattern of DWS from 1-to-14-day-old ducklings were observed that reflected a reduction in DIgG content from the age of 1 to 7 days followed by a gradual change toward the IE appearance of adult sera. Immunoelectrophoresis and ID failed to detect DIgM in sera of newly hatched ducklings. This class of DIg appeared in sera of 7-day old duckling and seemed to be more concentrated in sera of 14-day-old ducklings. PMID- 6791627 TI - Serologic and epidemiologic evidence of infection in turkeys with an agent related to the swine influenza virus. PMID- 6791630 TI - Metabolic compromises involved in the growth of microorganisms in nutrient limited (chemostat) environments. PMID- 6791628 TI - Response of turkey poults to aerosolized spores of Aspergillus fumigatus and aflatoxigenic and nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. AB - Groups of 3-week-old turkey poults were exposed to aerosols containing spores of either Aspergillus fumigatus or aflatoxigenic or nonaflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus. Approximately 5 X 10(5) spores of A. fumigatus/gm of lung tissue killed about 50% of the turkey poults with A. funigatus, whereas doses approximating this level with either of the A. flavus strains did not cause any mortalities for up to 8 weeks postexposure. Fungi were isolated from lung tissue of 60% of the birds surviving for 8 weeks after exposure to spores of A fumigatus, but A. flavus was isolated from lung tissue from only 20% of the birds 8 weeks after exposure to either A. flavus strain. Almost all birds exposed to A. fumigatus developed precipitating antibodies, whereas none of the birds exposed to A. flavus developed precipitating antibodies. The lesions in the lung tissue from birds exposed to A. fumigatus were larger, were more numerous, and involved a greater percentage of tissue than was observed in lung tissue from birds exposed to A. flavus. There were no apparent differences in pathogenicity between the A. flavus strains. Aflatoxin was not detected in tissues from birds exposed to the aflatoxigenic strain of A. flavus, and there were no signs of aflatoxigenic when sections of liver from these birds were examined histopathologically. PMID- 6791629 TI - Xylanases: structure and function. PMID- 6791631 TI - Cellulase kinetics. PMID- 6791632 TI - Mitochondrial function after global cardiac ischemia and reperfusion: influences of organelle isolation protocols. PMID- 6791633 TI - [Luxation fractures of the upper ankle joint - therapy and late results]. PMID- 6791634 TI - [Vaccination of young foxes--an alternative rabies control method? Cost-benefit analysis]. PMID- 6791635 TI - [Pathologico-anatomical changes and the development of immunity in Sarcocystis suicanis infection]. PMID- 6791636 TI - [Chemoprophylaxis and therapy of acute sarcosporidiosis]. PMID- 6791637 TI - Lithium carbonate in the treatment of acute depressive illness. PMID- 6791638 TI - Quantitation of methylated basic amino acids in biological fluid. PMID- 6791639 TI - Inactivation of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase by 5'-deoxy-5' methylthioadenosine. PMID- 6791640 TI - Activation of human lymphocytes by tumor promoter teleocidin. PMID- 6791641 TI - Mechanism of uncoupling by uncouples of oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6791642 TI - Stereoselectivity of rat liver cytochrome P-450c on formation of benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide. PMID- 6791643 TI - Synthesis of D-cysteine from 3-chloro-D-alanine and hydrogen sulfide by 3-chloro D-alanine hydrogen chloride-lyase (deaminating) of Pseudomonas putida. PMID- 6791644 TI - Decomposition of unsaturated phospholipid by iron-ADP-adriamycin co-ordination complex. PMID- 6791645 TI - Mutations affecting simultaneously the lysine and polyphosphates pools in the yeast Saccharomycopsis lipolytica. PMID- 6791646 TI - Clara cell damage and inhibition of pulmonary mixed-function oxidase activity by naphthalene. PMID- 6791647 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by primary cultures of mouse embryo palate mesenchyme cells. PMID- 6791649 TI - The effect of Aroclor 1254 pretreatment on the phase I and phase II metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin in isolated viable rat kidney cells. PMID- 6791648 TI - Anti-convulsants and brain aldehyde metabolism: inhibitory characteristics of ox brain aldehyde reductase. PMID- 6791650 TI - Studies of the metabolism of N-methyl containing anti-tumour agents: 14CO2 breath analysis after administration of 14C-labelled N-methyl drugs, formaldehyde and formate in mice. PMID- 6791651 TI - Characterization of eight biogenic indoleamines as substrates for type A and type B monoamine oxidase. PMID- 6791652 TI - Inhibition of microsomal phenobarbital metabolism by valproic acid. PMID- 6791653 TI - Valproate induced changes in GABA metabolism at the subcellular level. PMID- 6791654 TI - L-methionine ordinarily does not interfere with the aminopyrine breath test: studies in dogs and rats. PMID- 6791655 TI - Stereochemical heterogeneity of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6791656 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of bradykinin using beta-D-galactosidase as a labeling enzyme. PMID- 6791657 TI - Interactions of sulfhydryl agents and soybean lipoxygenase inhibitors. PMID- 6791658 TI - Effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on sublethal retinoic acid toxicity in Swiss mice. PMID- 6791659 TI - Enhancement of epoxide-metabolizing enzyme activities by pure PCB isomers. PMID- 6791660 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in rat mammary fibroblasts grown in primary culture. PMID- 6791661 TI - Metabolism of dichlorobiphenyls by hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6791662 TI - TRH degradation rates vary widely between different animal species. PMID- 6791663 TI - Phagocytic activity of the reticulo-endothelial system in the rat and rates of in vivo excretion of metabolites of carbaryl and in vitro microsomal metabolism. PMID- 6791664 TI - Cefoxitin: synergism with aminoglycosides in vitro. AB - In vitro synergistic effect of cefoxitin with aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and dibekacin against 15 Escherichia coli, 15 Staphylococcus aureus and 105 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains of fresh clinical isolates was examined. The combination of cefoxitin with the aminoglycosides showed distinct synergy against many strains of P. aeruginosa which were highly resistant to cefoxitin alone, while it failed in synergism against E. coli and S. aureus. A possible mechanism of in vitro synergy between cefoxitin and aminoglycosides against P. aeruginosa was discussed. PMID- 6791666 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of 2-(2'-methyl-3'-chloro-anilino)-lysine nicotinate (L 104). AB - The pharmacokinetic study of a new analgesic-antiinflammatory agent, 2-(2'-methyl 3'-chloro-anilino)lysine nicotinate (L-104), was preformed in the rat and the dog. When administered p.o. in rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg, the serum peak was 131.3 microgram/ml +/- 10.3 at 15 min post application, and the elimination t 1/2 was 1.20 h. For the same dose, given i.v., the biological t 1/2 was 1.38 h, the AUC 337.18 microgram/ml/h and the Vdss 0.232 l/kg. When administered i.v. in dogs of 10 mg/kg, the biological t 1/2 was 0.96 h +/- 0.14, the AUC 73,066 microgram/ml/h and the Vdss 0.178 l/kg. In the rat, for a dose of 40 mg/kg given p.o., 79.1% of tritium-labelled L-104 were excreted within 72 h, 56.0% of them through the kidneys. In the dog, at an i.v. dose of 10 mg/kg, the whole of the drug was excreted at the end of 72 h, corresponding 52.6% urinary excretion. The main metabolite in the rat was 2-(2'-methyl-3'-chloro-4'-hydroxy-anilino) nicotinic acid (72.2%), whereas in the dog it was 2-(2'-methyl-3'-chloro-anilino) 5-hydroxy-nicotinic acid (35.2%). PMID- 6791665 TI - Treatment of angina pectoris patients with niludipine a new calcium antagonistic drug. AB - The antianginal effectivity of niludipine (Bay a 7168), a new calcium antagonistic drug, was investigated in angina pectoris patients, selected for admission to the trials by pre-determined strict criteria. Oral administration of from 60--120 mg niludipine daily for 4--8 weeks, resulted in the following: 1. Number of anginal attacks significantly reduced. 2. Nitrate consumption markedly lowered. 3. Investigating physicians assessed globally the clinical results of niludipine treatment on the basis of the reduction of the number of anginal attacks, nitrate consumption, improved physical ability and reports by the patients as to their subjective evaluation of the test drug. Niludipine was judged clinically effective in 21 out of 27 patients (77.8%). 4. Full records of ECGs, a necessary item for assessment, were obtained from 24 out of 27 patients. Ischemic ECGs were improved or normalized in 6 out of 24 patients (25%). 5. In the investigators' final overall assessment, including the evaluation of ECG changes, niludipine was rated effective for 20 out of 27 patients (74.1%). 6. Tolerance to the test drug was excellent. Only one patient complained of transient, mild nausea. After reduction of the daily dose, the patient completed the trial without any further appearance or complaints of side effects. Results suggest that niludipine is a useful antianginal drug in the management of coronary artery disease patients. Further clinical investigations with a larger number of patients should be conducted. PMID- 6791667 TI - A serological analysis of the Bhoksa: a scheduled tribe of Uttar Pradesh. AB - ABO blood groups, subgroups, M, N and Rh blood types were studied among Bhoksas of Dehra Dun district in Uttar Pradesh. Bhoksas are characterized by high A (33.33%), MN (58.16%), Rz (8.85%), R" (7.86%) and moderately low R1 (43.77%). The present sample does not show differences from the Bhoksas of Nainital but remains differentiated from Majumdar's sample so far as ABO blood groups are concerned. The present Bhoksas also remain undifferentiated from many Mongoloid and other populations of Eastern and Western Himalayas with respect to certain Rh chromosome frequencies. On the whole it is difficult to subscribe to, or reject, Bhoksas' claim of Rajput ancestry. Their differences with Indian Mongoloid populations namely, Bhotias and Tharus suggest that they might not belong to Mongoloid stock. PMID- 6791668 TI - Distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among the Konda Kammaras of Andhra Pradesh. AB - The frequency distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among the Konda Kammaras, a tribal population of Andhra Pradesh has been presented. In the ABO system (n = 125) the adjusted frequencies were: p = 0.2202, q = 0.1802 and r = 0.5996. The gene frequency (n = 123) of the Rh (D) negative trait was 0.2017. The results are compared with those from the neighbouring tribal and caste populations. PMID- 6791669 TI - Genetic studies on Vysyas of Andhra Pradesh, S. India: A1A2BO, Rh (O) D, transferrin, group specific component, haptoglobin and pseudocholinesterase types. AB - Vysya population, an endogamous Hindu caste group, was sampled from five distant localities of Andhra Pradesh, S. India and examined for A1A2BO, Rh blood groups, Tf, Hp, Gc, cholinesterase E1 and E2 loci, albumin and ceruloplasmin types. The blood group A has shown an exceptionally low value in these groups and consequently there is a rise in O group frequencies (0.7429 to 0.8144). The incidence of Rh negative individuals is very low (0.1115-0.1571), being absent from one of the groups. Tf DChi is found with a frequency ranging from 0.0043 to 0.0333 with a single fast moving Tf B variant in one of the sub-populations. Hp1 gene frequencies ranged from 0.1271 to 0.2130 and Gc2 from 0.1504 to 0.2773. Silent variants at E1 locus of pseudocholinesterase were present in very high frequencies (0.0115 to 0.1925), the overall frequency being 0.1040. Only a single C+5 was found and dibucaine as well as fluoride resistant variants were rare. No variants were found at the loci of albumin and ceruloplasmin. Differentiation in the distribution of these variants in the five sub-populations of Vysyas reported is evident from these studies. PMID- 6791670 TI - [Purification method and partial immunological characterization of HBe Ag]. PMID- 6791671 TI - [Electrocardiographic differential diagnosis of ischemic and aspecific anomalies of ventricular repolarization]. PMID- 6791674 TI - Lithium and the treatment of alcoholism: a critical review. PMID- 6791672 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis type IV as a cause of mitral stenosis in an adult. PMID- 6791673 TI - Comparison of nitroprusside and nitroglycerine for controlling hypertension during coronary artery surgery. AB - The haemodynamic effects of infusing sodium nitroprusside or trinitroglycerine to control hypertension during operation were compared in 22 patients undergoing coronary artery surgery. Measurements were taken before induction of anaesthesia, during median sternotomy, and upon attainment of a stable decrease in arterial pressure. Both drugs significantly decreased arterial pressure without affecting heart rate or cardiac output. Systemic vascular resistance, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and left and right ventricular stroke work were decreased also. Although nitroglycerine significantly decreased pulmonary vascular resistance, and produced a significantly greater decrease in central venous pressure than nitroprusside, these differences are unlikely to be important clinically. PMID- 6791676 TI - Coagulation abnormalities following intensive plasma exchange on the cell separator. II. Effects on factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X and antithrombin III. AB - The effects of intensive plasma exchange on the circulating levels of coagulation factors I, II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X and antithrombin III were determined. During courses of daily exchange marked cumulative reductions of coagulation factors may occur, particularly in the case of factors I, II and X, although usually remaining above the levels considered adequate for haemostasis. The extent of cumulative reduction and subsequent recovery differed for patients with different diseases. While antithrombin III levels were reduced during plasma exchange the results suggest that this may be partly due to consumption as well as physical removal. The very low incidence of haemorrhagic sequelae and absence of thrombotic events following plasma exchange at this Centre is explained by the maintenance of adequate levels of coagulation factors and of antithrombin III even during courses of daily plasma exchange. PMID- 6791675 TI - In vitro sensitivity of human ovarian tumours to chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The in vitro chemosensitivity of primary monolayer cultures of human ovarian tumours to a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents has been determined using 3H leucine incorporation as an index of cytotoxicity. Of 67 specimens received, 35 have been successfully cultured and tested for chemosensitivity. Drugs tested included alkylating agents, antibiotics, antimitotics, antimetabolites and progestogens. The overall incidence of efficacy of the drugs corresponded with the incidence which might be expected from data on the clinical response rates produced by the various drugs. Cultures from the tumour cells of treated patients generally showed greater resistance than tumours of untreated patients. Correlation between in vitro results and in vivo response was positive in all 8 patients receiving first-line chemotherapy and in 57% (4/7) patients receiving second-line chemotherapy. PMID- 6791678 TI - Factor VIII clotting antigen (VIIICAg) in haemophilia measured by two immunoradiometric assays (IRMA) using different antibodies, and the measurement of inhibitors to procoagulant factor VIII (VIIIC) by IRMA. AB - Factor VIII clotting antigen (VIIICAg) was measured by immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using two different antibodies. Both antibodies arose in polytransfused severe haemophiliacs and had similar titres against VIIIC. In 12 normal plasmas there was no significant difference in VIIICAg values obtained (VIIICAg (AbI) = VIIICAg (AbII)). In the majority of 15 severe haemophiliacs tested VIIICAg was undetectable by both antibodies. In 28 mild to moderate haemophiliacs VIIICAg (AbII) was significantly greater than VIIICAg (AbI) (P less than 0.01) suggesting different antigenic determinants. The difference, however, was small and does not affect diagnosis of haemophilia. A modified IRMA has been used to measure anti VIIIC inhibitors by competition of the inhibitor with 125I labelled VIIICAg antibodies for common antigenic determinants. Using an inhibitor of 225 Bethesda units as a standard, results by IRMA of inhibitors in severe haemophiliacs have been similar to those obtained by clotting assay, but with a sensitivity of 0.01 u/ml suggesting the possible use in the detection of weak inhibitors. PMID- 6791677 TI - Corticosteroid therapy for acquired F VIII:C inhibitors. AB - The appearance of an acquired inhibitor to factor VIII clotting activity (F VIII:C) in a non-haemophiliac is an uncommon phenomenon; but, when it occurs, represents a difficult therapeutic problem. Cyclophosphamide has been the most frequently used form of therapy while corticosteroids, when used alone, have been felt to be ineffective. During the past 25 years, 18 of these patients have been evaluated in Pittsburgh. Their mean age was 63.7 years. Nine were female and nine male. Sixteen of the 18 received corticosteroids as their primary form of therapy. Eleven of the 16 (69%) showed clinical and laboratory improvement. Seven of the 11 had a complete response and the remaining four a partial response. Five patients demonstrated no improvement with corticoid therapy. The time to response varied from 4 to 41 d (mean 15.8). It was concluded that corticosteroids when used alone provide therapeutic results comparable to immunosuppressive therapy in the treatment of acquired inhibitors to F VIII:C and therefore represent a therapeutic alternative to immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6791679 TI - Carrier detection in haemophilia a by immunological measurement of factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIIICAg). AB - 23 obligate carriers of mild and severe haemophilia A and 26 normal females were bled on three occasions, and their plasmas assayed for procoagulant factor VIII (VIIIC), factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIIICAg). A comparison of the ratios VIIIC/VIIIRAg and VIIICAg/VIIIRAg indicated that, although the two ratios gave the same proportional misclassification of carriers as normals (four of 23), the latter ratio showed greater discriminatory power when an unequal variances predictive method was used to calculate likelihood ratios (for carrier status). This greater power was shown to be due to a greater reproducibility between visits for the VIIICAg/VIIIRAg ratio. Discrimination was considerably better when the median of the three median values for each variable was analysed, compared to the median value obtained at the first visit. There was also no statistical difference between VIIICAg/VIIIRAg (or VIIIC/VIIIRAg) ratios obtained from carriers of severe compared to mild haemophilia. PMID- 6791680 TI - Crossed affinity electrophoresis of factor VIII-related antigen. PMID- 6791681 TI - Alterations of factor VIII von Willebrand factor in clinical conditions associated with an increase in its plasma concentration. AB - Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) was consistently higher than factor-VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) in 57 patients with clinical conditions characterized by acute-phase reactions. Two different methods for measuring VIII:C (one- and two-stage assays) and VIIIR:Ag (electroimmunodiffusion and immunoradiometric assay) gave concordant results in the majority of cases. In 43% of plasma samples, crossed immunoelectrophoresis in agarose gel was characterized by the appearance of an additional, fast-moving precipitin peak which was immunologically identical with the major, slower-moving VIIIR:Ag peak. The fast moving peak was detected in all the patients with clinical conditions typically associated with increased plasma proteolysis (DIC, acute pancreatitis, during thrombolytic therapy). It was present in a smaller proportion of cases with liver and renal failure and malignancies and in the post-operative period. The additional VIIIR:Ag peak is thought to be the result of in vivo factor VIII/von Willebrand factor fragmentation by proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6791682 TI - Determination of lead in plasma and studies on its relationship to lead in erythrocytes. AB - Plasma lead concentrations were determined in 103 subjects, including lead workers and those not occupationally exposed to lead. The plasma lead concentrations in each blood lead group were about half those previously reported, and this difference was shown to be due to the use of heparin instead of ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as the anticoagulant. The method for the determination of lead in plasma is detailed and its accuracy discussed. The plasma lead concentration was found to increase with the erythrocyte lead concentration, the mean equilibrium ratio between the two being about 0.74%. The effect of a sudden disturbance of the equilibrium condition on this ratio was investigated. This work supports the view that whole blood lead concentrations should be corrected for haematocrit. PMID- 6791683 TI - "Lupus" anticoagulant and inhibition of prostacyclin formation in patients with repeated abortion, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death. AB - We discovered a "lupus' anticoagulant in 2 out of 42 women with a history of repeated abortions, intrauterine growth retardation and intrauterine death of unknown origin. The "lupus' anticoagulant was detected by an abnormal dilute tissue thromboplastin assay(prothrombin time performed with dilute thromboplastin). The production of prostacyclin by fresh or exhausted rings of rat aorta was decreased by the plasma of one of these two patients with a "lupus' anticoagulant. In view of the increasing evidence for a physiological role of prostacyclin in pregnancy and fetal life, we suggest that an inhibition of prostacyclin production could compromise fetal outcome. PMID- 6791684 TI - Climacteric flushing: clinical and endocrine response to infusion of naloxone. AB - Six postmenopausal women with frequent attacks of flushing were studied by measuring plasma luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin and noradrenaline concentrations at regular and frequent intervals and at the time of each of 82 flushes. The hormone measurements were made on a control day and on the second day during infusion of either naloxone (22 micrograms/min) or saline. The perception of a flush was associated with a significant increase of plasma LH concentrations. There were no significant changes in plasma FSH, prolactin or noradrenaline concentrations. Naloxone infusion resulted in a highly significant reduction in the frequency of flushes and in the number of LH pulses. We conclude that flushing and its neuro-endocrine correlates are related to activation of opiate receptors. Naloxone may provide the basis for a non-steroidal treatment of climacteric flushing attacks. PMID- 6791685 TI - An unexpectedly high rate of ectopic pregnancy following the induction of ovulation with human pituitary and chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 6791688 TI - Lack of effect of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 on tumour cells. AB - The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 increases intracellular calcium content in normal thymic cells, while it is without effect on the corresponding neoplastic cell (Ascites thymoma) and on Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. The A23187-induced total cell calcium increase in normal thymocytes takes place both in control and energy depleted cells, while it is lacking in neoplastic cells. In addition the ionophore stimulates aerobic glycolysis of normal thymocytes, whereas it is ineffective on neoplastic cells. The study of intracellular calcium exchange properties reveals that in normal cells the ionophore A23187 provokes a 60% increase of the exchangeable pool together with a more significant, 4-fold enlargement of the unexchangeable pool. These effects are lacking in cancer cells. The data give rise to interesting considerations concerning the regulation and compartmentalization of calcium in neoplastic cells. The results will be also discussed in relation to the models that predict altered cell calcium metabolism as a cause of cancer cell high aerobic glycolysis and uncontrolled growth. PMID- 6791687 TI - Interactions of dipalmitoyl- and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholines and their mixtures with apolipoprotein A-I. AB - Human and bovine A-I apolipoproteins were incubated with multibilayer liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and several mixtures of these two lipids. The reactions were carried out at temperatures around the transition temperature of the lipids, and the formation of small, micellar complexes of protein with lipid was followed as a function of time. Micellar complexes were isolated by ultracentrifugation and were characterized in terms of stoichiometry, lipid composition by gas chromatography, approximate size by gel filtration, and phase transition behavior by fluorescence polarization measurements. The results indicate a decrease in reaction rates with increasing DPPC contents of the mixtures, consistent with the higher stability of DPPC bilayers. Reactions have optimal rates at the transition temperature and are limited to the temperature range where gel and liquid crystalline phases coexist. The isolated complexes with DMPC and DPPC have similar molecular weights in the range from 2 X 10(5) to 2.5 X 10(5), but lipid/protein mole ratios differ by about 40%. The lower lipid/protein ratio of DPPC complexes (100:1 mol/mol) is compensated by the longer acyl chains of this lipid, such that the acyl chain area of both complexes stabilized by apolipoprotein is essentially identical. PMID- 6791686 TI - Susceptibility of type V collagen to neutral proteases: evidence that the major molecular species is a thrombin-sensitive heteropolymer, [alpha 1(V)]2 alpha 2(V). AB - The susceptibility of human type V collagen to several neutral proteases was examined. Thrombin cleaved both the alpha 1(V) and alpha 2(V) chains of this protein at 34 degrees C, producing two pairs of fragments with apparent molecular weights of 95000 and 10000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two-dimensional 125I-labeled peptide mapping of the larger fragments demonstrated that the upper band [which comigrated with alpha 1(I)] was derived from both the alpha 1(V) and alpha 2(V) chains, while the other component [which comigrated with alpha 2(I) was a product of alpha 1(V) alone. Cleavage of type V collagen, containing alpha 3(V) chains, with thrombin produced an analogous pattern with three high molecular weight bands. Chymotrypsin and trypsin cleaved type V collagen at 37 degrees C but not at lower temperatures. Digestion of type V collagen with elastase at 37 degrees C resulted in selective proteolysis of alpha 2(V), leaving alpha 1(V) essentially intact. Pepsin treatment of type V collagen from which alpha 2(V) had been removed by elastase treatment resulted in nearly complete degradation of alpha 1(V). These data support the hypothesis that a major fraction of native type V collagen is a heteropolymer with the chain composition [alpha 1(V)]2 alpha 2(V). Cleavage of type V collagen by thrombin may have physiologic significance in that breakdown of pericellular matrix may be an important step in the response of a tissue to injury. PMID- 6791689 TI - Effects of ionophore A23187 on calcium fluxes from cultured adrenal cells. AB - The effect of the calcium ionophore A23128 on calcium fluxes from Y-1 adrenal cortical cells was investigated. Conditions were chosen which are known to result in an inhibition of steroidogenesis (6 . 10(-6) M ionophore and 3 . 10(-4) M extracellular calcium). Calcium efflux from Y-1 cells exhibited two distinct phases. A fast phase which was insensitive to the mitochondrial poison sodium azide and a slow, azide-sensitive phase. The ionophore brought about a rapid increase in the rate of calcium efflux and an 84% reduction in the size of the calcium pool which was associated with the slow efflux phase as well as a reduction in its rate constant. A decrease in the size of the rapidly exchanging calcium pool was also detected. Ethanol, the solvent which was used for the ionophore, slightly increased the rate constant of the rapidly exchanging pool. Conditions which resulted in diminished steroidogenic capacity also brought about a reduction in the size of an energy dependent, intracellular pool. The data is interpreted as being consistent with a hypothesis that the ionophore-induced inhibition of steroidogenesis may be causatively related to the loss of intracellular calcium or to the mechanism which brings about the loss. PMID- 6791690 TI - Membrane fusion of secretory vesicles and liposomes. Two different types of fusion. PMID- 6791692 TI - Characterization of the serine reacting with diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate in porcine pancreatic lipase. AB - The position in porcine pancreatic lipase (triacylglycerol acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) of the serine reacting specifically with emulsified or micellar diethyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate has been investigated. This serine which appears to be involved in lipase adsorption to insoluble triglyceride interfaces, is at position 152 in the enzyme chain. The sequence around this amino acid is: His-Val Ile-Gly-His-Ser-Leu-Gly. PMID- 6791691 TI - Amino acid uptake by isolated renal brush border membrane vesicles in various buffers. AB - The uptake of amino acids by isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles in a modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer and a phosphate buffer was compared to the uptake in the standard membrane vesicle buffer, Tris-Hepes-mannitol. The uptake in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer was similar to that in the Tris-Hepes-mannitol buffer. Removal of the ionic constituents other than NaCl and NaHCO3 in the modified Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer (KCl, CaCl2, KH2PO4 and MgSO4) did not affect the amino acid uptake by the isolated membrane vesicles. The timed uptake of proline under sodium gradient conditions in a phosphate buffer had a markedly dampened overshoot. Kinetic analysis of the initial rate of proline uptake in a phosphate buffer compared to a Tris-Herpes-mannitol buffer showed two entry systems for proline in each buffer with similar Km values, but the maximal rate of transport (V) for each system in the phosphate buffer was much lower than that in the Tris-Hepes-mannitol buffer. From these data, phosphate buffer does not appear to be a suitable medium for the study of amino acid uptake by isolated brush border membrane vesicles. PMID- 6791693 TI - Studies on a new proteolytic enzyme from A chromobacter lyticus M497-1. I. Purification and some enzymatic properties. AB - Achromobacter lyticus M497-1 produces three kinds of alkaline proteases (protease I, II and III) in culture medium along with the bacteriolytic enzyme (Masaki, T., Nakamura, K., Isono, M. and Soejima, M. (1978) Agric. Biol. Chem. 42, 1443- 1445). Among these three proteases, Achromobacter protease I (EC 3.4.21.-) shows strict splitting for lysine residues at the carboxyl side of the splitting point. This enzyme was purified through a sequence of benzalkonium chloride treatment, acetone fractionation, CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose treatment chromatography on AH-Sepharose 4B and isoelectric focusing method. This form was shown to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation analysis. The physicochemical properties of the enzyme were: Mr 30 500; partial specific volume (v), 0.717 ml/g; intrinsic viscosity (nu), 0.0385) dl/g; isoelectric point (pI) 6.9; and E1%1cm at 280 nm, 18.77. The enzyme was composed of 294 residues of amino acid per molecule, with glycine as NH2-terminal and lysine as COOH-terminal amino acids. The optimum pH values with casein, Bz-lys pNA and Tos-Lys-OMe were 8.5--10.7, 9.0--9.5 and 7.8--8.2, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by iPr2P-F, PhCH2SO2F and Tos-LysCH2Cl but not by Tos ArgCH2Cl, EDTA, o-phenanthroline and PCMB. PMID- 6791694 TI - Concentration-dependent inactivation of superoxide dismutase. AB - The inactivation yield of superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) from bovine erythrocytes, when Co60-gamma-irradiated in air, N2 or N2O-saturated solutions, increases exponentially with the initial enzyme concentration. In aerated solutions at less than or equal to 10 micrometers, the inactivation process continues in a concentration-dependent manner in the subsequent 72 h. This post-irradiation effect is inhibited by catalase. Above 10 micrometers, radiation-induced inactivation of the enzyme is partially reversed in a concentration-dependent manner and is not affected by catalase. In aerated and N2O-saturated solutions, competitive scavenging of radiation chemical species by catalase and EDTA in combination reduces the inactivation yield by 80%; the residual yield remains dependent on enzyme concentration. Radiation-induced loss of copper and zinc initially exhibits a linear dose-response relationship and is less severe than the drop in enzyme activity. PMID- 6791695 TI - Selective induction of de novo prostaglandin biosynthesis in rabbit kidney cortex. AB - Ureter-obstructed kidney develops during perfusion an enhanced responsiveness to bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin release. This enhanced prostaglandin generation results from de novo synthesis of prostaglandin synthetase and acylhydrolase enzymes during the perfusion and is therefore unaffected by acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis prior to initiation of perfusion. Studies were carried out to identify the renal cellular site in which the newly synthesizing prostaglandin generating system is localized. Kidneys with or without aspirin treatment were perfused for either 1 or 5 h. Following perfusion, medullary and cortical slices were incubated and prostaglandin E2 production measured. Medullary slices showed similar prostaglandin E2 biosynthetic activity in kidneys perfused for 1 or 5 h. Furthermore, medullary prostaglandin generation was inhibited (90-95%) by aspirin pre-treatment and did not increase during subsequent perfusion for 5 h. In contrast, cortical slices from kidneys pretreated with aspirin regained their full activity after 5 h or perfusion, this regeneration being abolished by infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. The same differences in activities between medulla and cortex were also seen when microsomal fractions were compared. The perfusion-induced formation of prostaglandin synthetase activity is thus specifically localized in the cortex and can be detected in cortical microsomes. This cortical activity is unique in that endogenous arachidonic acid released from esterified lipids is converted to prostaglandins, whereas exogenous added arachidonic acid is not. It thus appears that the induced cortical acylhydrolase and prostaglandin synthetase activities are tightly coupled and that the true molecular form or precursor arachidonate for this prostaglandin generating system is esterified and not free arachidonate. PMID- 6791696 TI - Influence of septic shock upon phosphatidylcholine remodeling mechanism in rat lung. AB - Septic shock in rats lead to pulmonary disorders associated with alterations of phospholipid metabolism. The ratio between phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine is lowered both in lung tissue and in pulmonary surfactant because enzymes of phosphatidylcholine remodeling mechanism are distinctly affected by septic shock. Specific activity of phospholipase A2 is enhanced 5-fold while specific activities of lysolecithin acyltransferase and lysolecithin : lysolecithin acyltransferase are only slightly increased or remain unchanged. Beyond that, palmitic acid content of lung tissue phosphatidylcholine is significantly reduced and replaced mainly by arachidonic acid. The release of this fatty acid by action of phospholipase A2 may lead via intermediates to the generation of potent mediators such as prostaglandins, thromboxane or slow reacting substance. PMID- 6791697 TI - Binding of plasma low density lipoproteins to erythrocytes. AB - Low density lipoproteins (LDL) containing apolipoprotein B bind to intact, freshly isolated erythrocytes. The LDL-erythrocyte interaction is of low affinity, with a Kd of 1.1 x 10(-6) M. Binding is noncooperative. There are about 200 binding sites per cell and, within the limits of experimental uncertainty, these sites comprise a homogeneous class. Binding of LDL is a temperature independent process. The maximum amount of LDL blood increases following proteolytic digestion of the cells with trypsin or chymotrypsin. The specificity of the binding sites for LDL is not absolute: high density lipoproteins and lipid vesicles composed of phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (equimolar) complete with LDL for occupancy of 60% of the binding sites. Modification of 5--6 of the 9 apolipoprotein B arginine residues with 1,2 cyclohexanedione/borate or of 10--15 of the 20 lysine residues by reductive methylation does not alter the ability of LDL to bind to erythrocytes. Native LDL and methylated-LDL alter erythrocyte morphology. However, LDL in which the arginine residues are derivatized with 1,2-cyclohexanedione/borate do not induce the discocyte leads to echinocyte transformation. Chemically modified and native LDL exchange cholesterol with erythrocytes at equal rates and to nearly equal extents. Taken together, the data suggest that the binding sites for LDL on the erythrocyte membrane are distinct from the LDL receptors at the surface of other cells--e.g., fibroblasts and lymphocytes--which do not bind HDL and which do not recognize LDL with derivatized arginine or lysine residues. It is proposed that the biological function of the erythrocyte binding sites is to mediate the exchange of cholesterol between the cell membrane and lipoproteins. PMID- 6791698 TI - Phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and cardiolipin in the course of early embryonic development. Fatty acid composition and content in whole toad embryos and in mitochondrial fractions. AB - The fatty acid composition and content of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid have been studied during the early development of toad embryos. Acidic phospholipids have been analyzed in whole oocytes and embryos and in the following subcellular fractions: yolk platelets, mitochondria and microsomes. Also cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid, has been analyzed. Gastrula stage embryos have shown, mainly in the mitochondrial fraction, an increase in the content of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol with respect to unfertilized oocytes. Changes in the distribution of acyl groups of phosphatidic acid have been detected when different subcellular fractions are compared. On the other hand, the phosphatidylserine composition remains unmodified. Arachidonate and stearate are the principal components of phosphatidylinositol. Cardiolipin shows the same composition up to gastrulation and linoleate comprises about 50% of the total acyl groups. PMID- 6791699 TI - Comparative role of polyamines in division and plastid differentiation of Euglena gracilis. AB - Regulation of polyamine biosynthesis during growth and differentiation of Euglena gracilis was investigated. Increased activity of L-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), the enzyme which catalyzes the initial step in polyamine synthesis in Euglena, and accumulation of polyamines were observed prior to DNA replication in synchronous cultures of heterotrophically or photoautotrophically grown cells. In photoautotrophic cells three maxima of polyamine synthesis were observed during the light period of the cell cycle. The transition form quiescence to active growth was accompanied in heterotrophic Euglena by a very large stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity and polyamine synthesis; the decrease in growth potential of these cells was correlated with a decrease in polyamine levels. In contrast, differentiation of Euglena i.e. a shift from heterotrophic to photoautotrophic mode of living in the absence of division, led only to a minor stimulation of polyamine biosynthesis. Alpha-Methylornithine, an inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, blocked the growth of heterotrophic Euglena, and depletion of intracellular polyamines decreased the differentiation rate. Both events could be reversed by addition of putrescine to the growth medium. This study suggests that Euglena requires a minimal intracellular level of polyamines to grow and differentiate under optimal conditions. This requirement seems to be more stringent for cell division. PMID- 6791700 TI - Active synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by liver parenchymal cell in primary culture. AB - Rat liver parenchymal cells were evaluated after 2 days of primary culture for their ability to synthesize and accumulate heparan sulfate as the major component and low-sulfated chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid as the minor ones. The newly synthesized glycosaminoglycans secreted into the medium were different from those remaining with and/or the cell layer. Low-sulfated chondroitin 4-sulfate, a major glycosaminoglycan in blood, was synthesized in the order of 320 microgram/liver per day, more than 90% of which was secreted into the medium with 16 h and 40% of the glycan secreted was degraded during that time. On the other hand, heparan sulfate, the major glycosaminoglycan synthesized by the parenchymal cells, was mainly distributed in the cell layer. After 8 days of culture, the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans by the cells increased markedly, especially dermatan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid. PMID- 6791701 TI - The effect of phenobarbital and 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene administration on catalytic, binding and immunological properties of ligandin subunits in rat liver. AB - Following administration of phenobarbital to rats, liver ligandin content, bilirubin binding, glutathione-S-transferase and steroid isomerase activities increased by 150% and the 22000-dalton subunit was selectively increased. Following administration of 3'-methyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene, rat liver ligandin content and steroid isomerase decreased by 65%, glutathione-S transferase increased by 100%, bilirubin binding was abolished, and the relative proportion of the 22000- and 25000-dalton subunits remained unchanged. PMID- 6791702 TI - Dependence of adenine production upon polyamine synthesis in cultured human lymphoblasts. AB - The exact source of de novo adenine produced by mammalian cells remain poorly understood, and this prompted the present study. Using a human lymphoblastoid cell line (WI-L2) deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7), we have quantitated the rate of adenine synthesis and the relative importance of the phosphorolysis of 5'-methylthioadenosine versus adenosine or 2'-deoxyadenosine in adenine generation. Dividing adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient WI-L2 cells produced adenine at a rate of 0.27 nmol/mg protein/h. This represented approximately 10% of the rate of hypoxanthine production by WI-L2 cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) but was equivalent to the rate of 5'-methylthioadenosine synthesis by human lymphoblastoid CCRF-CEM deficient in 5'-methylthioadenosine, phosphorylase (5'-methylthioadenosine: orthophosphate methylthioribosyltransferase). Up to 97% of adenine, but not hypoxanthine, synthesis was inhibited dose-dependently by the S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase-inhibitor methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) and also by spermidine and spermine, but was enhanced by putrescine. The addition of 2-fluoroadenine, a potent competitive inhibitor of methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (Ki = 0.43 microM) to adenine phosphoribosyl-transferase-deficient cells resulted in a progressive accumulation of 5'-methylthioadenosine in the culture medium, and up to an 85% decrease in adenine production at non-toxic concentrations. These results show that de novo adenine synthesis by dividing human cells is considerable, and that 85-97% derives from the cleavage of 5' methylthioadenosine and hence from polyamine synthesis. PMID- 6791703 TI - The metabolism of D- and L-pipecolic acid in the rabbit and rat. AB - The metabolism of D- and L-pipecolic acid has been investigated in rabbits and rats. A rapid evolution of 14CO2 followed the injection of either D- or L-pipe[6 14C]colic acid into rabbits. Rabbit kidney slices degraded to CO2 both isomers of lysine and of pipecolic acid. Rabbit liver was effective with only the L-isomers. In the rat, very little of injected L-pipecolic acid was catabolized to CO2, and large amounts were excreted unchanged into the urine, L-Lysine was efficiently metabolized to CO2 by rat liver and kidney slices but not D-lysine or either isomer of pipecolic acid. Rat kidney converted D-lysine to L-pipecolic acid. The L-isomer was identified by co-precipitation of the radioactive product with authentic compounds. PMID- 6791704 TI - [Role of cofactors in membrane potential generation by Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores incorporated in a teflon filter]. AB - The chromatophores of the bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum were incorporated into a Teflon filter impregnated with a decane solution of phospholipids and the light induced electric potential difference (delta psi) between the aqueous phases separated by the filter was measured. The generation of delta psi in such a system at continuous light requires the presence of cofactors, i. e. artificial electron donors and acceptors. These cofactors provide for a steady-state flow of e by regenerating the reduced form of the photo-oxidized reaction center bacteriochlorophyll and by reoxidizing the photo-reduced quinone acceptor of the reaction center. The most efficient donors are the reduced forms of nitrogen containing redox mediators, e. g. TMPD, DAD, PMS, DCPIP and methylene blue, while p-benzoquinones with E07' approximately greater than 150 mV are practically inactive. The oxidized forms of nitrogen-containing mediators and a wide variety of p-quinones with E07' down to -220 mV can be used as electron acceptors. Using inhibitor analysis and compounds with different E0' it is shown that the cofactors donate electrons immediately to the reaction center bacteriochlorophyll and accept them from a low potential deprotonated form of the primary acceptor QI, substituting the secondary acceptor QII. The inability of hydrophilic sulfonate-substituted quinones to act as acceptors suggests that QI cannot be localized on the outer surface of the chromatophores. PMID- 6791705 TI - [Effect of modifications of the protein moiety of thromboplastin (factor III) on its activity]. AB - The role of protein moiety of tissue thromboplastin under its specific enzymatic modification and the effects of some protease inhibitors were studied. Treatment with HCl, pepsin and papain was followed by a decrease in the biological activity of thromboplastin, which was unaffected by the inhibitors of some proteolytic enzymes (DFP, monoiodoacetate and o-phenanthroline). It was assumed that the protein component of thromboplastin fulfils a structural function in the assembly of the lipoprotein matrix, on which surface the enzymatic reactions of blood coagulation are known to occur. PMID- 6791706 TI - [Effect of glucose 1-phosphate and inorganic phosphate on binding of muscle phosphorylase b by glycogen]. AB - Using analytical ultracentrifugation, the affinity of rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b for glycogen was shown to increase 11.6-fold in the presence of saturating concentrations of glucose 1-phosphate and to decrease 3.7-fold in the presence of saturating concentrations of inorganic phosphate (20 degrees, 0.05 M glycyl-glycine buffer, pH 6.8, ionic strength 0.3). PMID- 6791708 TI - [Immunologic comparison of intracellular and extracellular serine proteases from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and some other proteases]. AB - Antibodies against intracellular serine protease and extracellular subtilisin BPN' were raised in rabbits. Using these antibodies and antisera against subtilisin Carlsberg and thermitase (serine protease from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris), it was shown that the proteases of the subtilisin family possess a pronounced immunological variability. Immunological studies demonstrated that the vegetative and sporulating B. amyloliquefaciens cells contain no long-lived protein precursor of intracellular serine protease and that the drastic increase of the enzyme activity during the first hours of the sporulating period is presumably due to its de novo synthesis. The specific protein inhibitor of intracellular serine protease partially purified from B. amyloliquefaciens sporulating cells did not prevent the enzyme interaction with its specific antibodies. PMID- 6791709 TI - [Effect of dimilin on Aspergillus niger growth and the formation of chitin]. PMID- 6791707 TI - [Dependence of threonine operon expression on the relA gene allelic state and the level of guanosine tetraphosphate in E. coli]. AB - The expression of threonine operon in Rel+ and Rel- E. coli cells was studied at the transcriptional level. The rel+ genotype and the lack of a specific amino acid--threonine--are necessary for the stimulation of threonine operon transcription. Under these conditions the RNA fraction, which is thr-mRNA, is increased 2-fold. The lack of arginine or histidine in Rel+ strain does not lead to derepression of the threonine operon. It is shown that in a cell-free system 0.1 mM ppGpp stimulate the synthesis of thr-mRNA on phage DNA lambda dthr and plasmid DNA PYN1107, containing total threonine operon 1.5--2-fold. It is assumed that ppGpp stimulates the initiation of transcription. Studies on the strain carrying spoT- mutation, which significantly lowers the rate of ppGpp degradation and results in suppression of rel- phenotype, revealed positive correlation between the intracellular level of ppGpp and the thr-mRNA fraction in the total transcript. PMID- 6791710 TI - Thyrotropic hormone and psychiatric symptoms. PMID- 6791711 TI - Relationship between LH, FSH, and prolactin concentration and the secretion of androgens and estrogens by the preovulatory follicle in the ewe. PMID- 6791712 TI - Effects of daily administration of estradiol-17 beta on follicular growth, ovulation, and plasma hormones in mares. PMID- 6791713 TI - Prostaglandin forming cyclooxygenase activity in rabbit amnion, yolksac splanchnopleure, placenta, decidua, and uterus at 20 to 30 days gestation. PMID- 6791714 TI - Influence of follicular maturation on progesterone release in chicken granulosa cells in response to turkey and ovine gonadotropins. PMID- 6791715 TI - Relationship of sialic acid residues to in vitro biological and immunological activities of equine gonadotropins. PMID- 6791716 TI - Effect of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, progesterone, and their 5 alpha-reduced metabolites on serum gonadotropin levels and hypothalamic LHRH content. PMID- 6791717 TI - Site of action of prolactin in the suppression of gonadotropin secretion during lactation in the rat: effect on pituitary responsiveness to LHRH. PMID- 6791718 TI - Puberty in the female pony: reproductive behavior, ovulation, and plasma gonadotropin concentrations. PMID- 6791719 TI - The structure of the polymer formed from methylglyoxal in the presence of L(+) lysine. PMID- 6791720 TI - Effect of Ca ion concentration on cross-bridge kinetics in rabbit psoas fibers. Evidence for the presence of two Ca-activated states of thin filament. AB - The effect of Ca ion concentration on cross-bridge kinetics in a small bundle (one to three fibers) of chemically skinned rabbit psoas muscle is studied. The length of the muscle is oscillated in small amplitude sine waves (0.2% L0 peak-to peak) at varying frequencies (0.125 -- 167 Hz), and the resulting amplitude and phase shift in tension are measured. The frequency response function (complex stiffness) thus obtained can be divided into three parts, which we name process (A) (centered at 1 Hz), process (B) (3--17 Hz), and process (C) (50 Hz). Process (B), which represents oscillatory work, further splits into two processes (B' and B) at partial Ca activation (less than 50% P0), where the phase-frequency plot appears W-shaped. The slower of the two processes (B') disappears by full activation, at which time the plot appears V-shaped. The characteristic frequencies associated with the minima of the plot do not shift in a graded way with Ca concentration, indicating that there is no change in apparent rate constants. Apparent rate constants of processes (A) and (C) are minimally affected by Ca. The above results are not altered when ionic strength is changed between 128 and 265 mM. We propose that activated thin filaments can have two "on" states and that Ca concentration controls the distribution of these two states. This mechanism generally supports the "switch" hypothesis of Ca regulation. PMID- 6791722 TI - Proton release from Stentor photoreceptors in the excited states. AB - Steady-state and picosecond pulse excitations of the photophobic-phototactic receptors isolated from Stentor coeruleus produced anionic species predominantly in the excited singlet state, although neutral photoreceptors in the ground state were exclusively excited. The same photoreceptor in vivo also emits fluorescence from the excited state of its anionic species, with an excitation spectrum identical to the absorption spectrum of the neutral species in the ground state. The excited state dissociation of protons from the photoreceptor chromophore (stentorin; hypericin covalently linked to protein) efficiently occurs in less than 10 ps. A possible role of the transient-proton release from the photoreceptor, in the signal transduction photoresponse of Stentor, is briefly discussed. PMID- 6791721 TI - Regulation of ovulation number in mammals. A follicle interaction law that controls maturation. AB - The assumption that developing follicles communicate through circulating hormones has been used to obtain a class of interaction laws that describe follicle growth. A specific member of this class has been shown to control ovulation number. Although all interacting follicles obey the same growth law and are given initial maturities that are chosen at random from a uniform distribution, ovulatory and atretic follicles emerge. Changing the parameters in the growth law can alter the most probable ovulation number values, anovulatory states are also admitted as possible solutions of the growth law. The behavior of the model is examined for interacting follicle populations of different size. Methods are suggested for identifying growth laws in particular mammals. These can be used to test the model from experimental data. PMID- 6791723 TI - Prebiotic photosynthetic reactions. AB - Historically, numerous attempts have been made to mimic - by means of inorganic model reactions - the photosynthetic fixation of CO2 by green plants. The literature in this field is strewn with claims and counter-claims. Two factors have led us to reexamine this subject: firstly; doubts concerning the highly reducing model for the atmosphere of the primitive Earth and secondly; recent results which demonstrate that photoreductive fixation is feasable on a suitable catalytic surface, for both CO2 and N2. The latter observation is of particular interest due to the well-known susceptibility of NH3 to photolytic destruction. Our review of the literature leads us to suggest that similar processes would have been plausible for the primitive Earth and could have been prebiotic precursors to an early development of CO2-fixing autotrophs. PMID- 6791724 TI - [Role of conditionally pathogenic microbes in the development of experimental destructive pneumonia]. AB - Experiments on 32 puppies with a preliminary decrease of immunologic resistance have demonstrated the possibility of the development of purulent destructive pneumonia under the effect of opportunistic microorganisms, such as Proteins, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Histoenzymatic studies of a pathologically changed lung tissue have disclosed appreciable microcirculatory disorders and destruction of the bronchioli and thus promoted the unraveling of the pathogenesis of pulmonary destructive foci. PMID- 6791725 TI - The bleeding time is longer than normal in hemophilia. AB - Bleeding times were performed on 71 hemophiliacs using the Simplate II device. Eight patients receiving Indocin or Motrin for hemophilic arthropathy were evaluated separately from the remaining 63 who had a mean bleeding time of 7.65 +/- 3.20 min (1 SD) compared to the control group of 5.35 +/- 1.49 min (p less than 0.005). No difference was found when 26 mild hemophiliacs who had received less than 10,000 U of clotting factor concentrate the previous year and no infusions in at least 3 mo were compared with 28 severe hemophiliacs who had received greater than 20,000 U of clotting factor concentrate the previous year and had been infused within 1 mo of testing. Ten patients (16%) had bleeding times greater than 10 min. Bleeding times remained prolonged on repeat evaluations in 7 of these patients, 3 of whom had mild disease and all of whom had normal platelet aggregations in response to arachidonic acid. We conclude that the bleeding time is longer than normal in hemophilia. This abnormality is not related to disease severity, recent transfusions, or the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. PMID- 6791726 TI - Characterization and properties of cultured human von Willebrand umbilical vein endothelial cells. PMID- 6791727 TI - Aerosol and air filter therapy. PMID- 6791729 TI - Traumatic osteochondral lesions of the talus. PMID- 6791728 TI - Radiology: what is cost effective? PMID- 6791730 TI - Influence of oral mannitol bowel preparation on colonic microflora and the risk of explosion during endoscopic diathermy. AB - Oral mannitol has been widely accepted as the bowel preparation of choice for colonoscopy and elective colorectal operation because it is well tolerated by patients. Recent concern has been expressed regarding the risk of explosion and sepsis using oral mannitol because it may provide a nutrient for certain gas producing bacteria in the colon. Samples of colonic contents aspirated at operation were compared in patients prepared by oral mannitol, by whole bowel irrigation, mannitol preceded by 48 h of oral antibiotics (neomycin with metronidazole) and in patients who did not undergo any preparation. Significantly higher counts of gas-producing Escherichia coli were recovered from patients prepared with mannitol alone compared with whole bowel irrigation or mannitol preceded by oral antimicrobials. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that fermentation of mannitol by Escherichia coli is responsible for the production of potentially explosive gas mixtures after oral mannitol preparation and may also explain the increased incidence of sepsis when oral mannitol is used for bowel preparation. PMID- 6791731 TI - Vaginitis revisited. PMID- 6791732 TI - Pathological fractures due to bone metastases. PMID- 6791733 TI - Late marrow recurrences in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. AB - Thirty children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia had a recurrence in the bone marrow after treatment was stopped electively. A second haematological remission was achieved in 27 (90%), and the median duration of remission was shortest (six months) in those relapsing within six months of stopping treatment. Four of six children relapsing over one year after stopping treatment remained in second haematological remission. Leukaemic infiltration of the central nervous system developed in four patients remaining in marrow remission. It is concluded that conventional chemotherapy is unlikely to be effective in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia who relapse soon after stopping treatment, that "reprophylaxis" of the central nervous system probably with long-term intrathecal chemotherapy is essential, and that some patients relapsing after prolonged unmaintained remission may achieve long-term leukaemia-free survival. PMID- 6791734 TI - Oestrogen receptor proteins in malignant and fetal pancreas. AB - High levels of high-affinity oestrogen binding were detected in cytosolic and nuclear fractions of tumour tissue from six patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Similar binding was found in fetal but not in normal adult pancreas, making depression of fetal genes a possibility. Specific androgen binding was not detectable. These findings suggest that anti-oestrogen treatment may offer a new approach to the treatment of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6791735 TI - Serum glutamate dehydrogenase as a marker of hepatocyte necrosis in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Serum glutamate dehydrogenase concentration was assessed as a marker of the degree of hepatocyte necrosis found at liver biopsy in 95 patients suspected of having alcoholic liver disease. Although the serum concentration was raised in 54 patients, no relation between it and the severity of hepatocyte necrosis could be established. Glutamate dehydrogenase was therefore not confirmed to be a useful indicator of hepatocyte necrosis in patients with chronic alcoholism. PMID- 6791736 TI - Dissemination of resistance plasmids among gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria from hospital patients. AB - Out of 184 patients who were infected or colonised with gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria, 17 (9%) harboured more than one strain. Single antibiotic resistance plasmids were common to more than one of the different organisms isolated from nine patients, strongly suggestive of in-vivo conjugation. An "epidemic" plasmid with a molecular weight of approximately 110 megadaltons was found in 11 distinct strains isolated from four patients. Seven of the organisms harbouring this plasmid were Klebsiella aerogenes. Spread of multiple-resistance plasmids among endemic gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria is not uncommon, and these organisms provide a reservoir of plasmids that may ultimately spread to more pathogenic genera. PMID- 6791738 TI - Plasma exchange in non-haemophiliac patients with inhibitors to factor VIIIC. PMID- 6791737 TI - Effect of supplementary food on suckling patterns and ovarian activity during lactation. AB - Patterns of infant feeding, basal prolactin concentrations, and ovarian activity were studied longitudinally in 27 breast-feeding mothers from delivery until first ovulation. Suckling frequency (6.1 feeds/day) and suckling duration (122 mins/day) reached peak values four weeks post partum and remained relatively constant until the introduction of supplementary food at a mean of 16 weeks post partum. There were subsequently sharp declines in both the frequency and duration of suckling, both of which correlated closely with basal prolactin concentrations. None of the 27 mothers ovulated during unsupplemented breast feeding, but within 16 weeks of introducing supplements ovarian follicular development had returned in 20 and ovulation in 14 mothers. The mothers who ovulated within 16 weeks of giving supplements had reduced frequency and duration of suckling more quickly and weaned more abruptly than those who continued to suppress ovulation. These data suggest that the introduction of supplementary food may exert an important and hitherto unrecognised effect on the timing of first ovulation by reducing the frequency and duration of suckling episodes. PMID- 6791739 TI - Diagnosis of bladder neck incompetence without use of capital equipment. PMID- 6791740 TI - No evidence of transfer of fluoride from plasma to breast milk. PMID- 6791741 TI - Fatal subarachnoid haemorrhage in young women: role of oral contraceptives. PMID- 6791743 TI - General practitioner to a football club. PMID- 6791742 TI - Diabetes mellitus. III: Complications and organising long-term management. PMID- 6791744 TI - Homosexuality. Misconceptions and problems. PMID- 6791745 TI - Unemployment in my practice. Whitehead, Carrickfergus. PMID- 6791746 TI - Nuclear war: the medical facts. PMID- 6791747 TI - Assessing methods-a feel for other things. PMID- 6791749 TI - Limp in children. PMID- 6791748 TI - Breast cancer, pregnancy, and the pill. PMID- 6791750 TI - Health education by children for children. PMID- 6791751 TI - Somewhere is needed to look after children when their mothers have obstetric appointment. PMID- 6791752 TI - Fatal bone-marrow suppression associated with captopril. PMID- 6791753 TI - Plasma exchange in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6791754 TI - Effect of nifedipine on bronchomotor tone and histamine reactivity in asthma. PMID- 6791755 TI - Neurosyphilis again. PMID- 6791756 TI - Sulphonylurea and insulin combination in the treatment of diabetes. PMID- 6791757 TI - Unit management and doctors' participation. PMID- 6791758 TI - Combined selective descriptive medium for the culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A selective identification medium for Neisseria gonorrhoeae was devised by incorporating antibiotics and a mixture of sugars into a yeast extract agar. The results were compared with those using a standard combined selective/non selective blood agar medium. Recovery rates of N gonorrhoeae from specimens from 208 patients cultured on both media were comparable, but the selective descriptive medium identified 68 cultures of N gonorrhoeae correctly, 64 of them after 24 hours' incubation. PMID- 6791759 TI - Wheat-germ agglutination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A laboratory investigation. AB - Wheat-germ agglutination (WGA) was used to identify 168 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 105 strains of other Neisseria species in a routine laboratory. About one-third of the meningococci reacted with the lectin and titres with some organisms varied on repeat testing. The technique is regarded as unreliable for the identification of Neisseria species. PMID- 6791760 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. AB - Of 83 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between April 1979 and August 1980, 10 produced beta-lactamase and had minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin between 1 and greater than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. Of the 73 (88%) non-penicillinase-producing strains, 55% had diminished sensitivity to penicillin (MIC = 0.06 micrograms/ml) and 11 (15%) were highly resistant (MICs ranging from 0.5-2 micrograms/ml). This high incidence of resistance may be due to widespread abuse of antibiotics; it also confirms that two mechanisms of resistance to penicillin exist in this species. PMID- 6791762 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus isolations from the Gerstmann-Straussler syndrome with an analysis of the various forms of amyloid plaque deposition in the virus induced spongiform encephalopathies. PMID- 6791763 TI - An electron microscopic study of the termination of thalamocortical fibres in areas 3b, 1 and 2 of the somatic sensory cortex in the monkey. AB - The degeneration of the terminals of thalamocortical fibres has been studied in areas 2b, 1 and 2 of the first somatic sensory area of the monkey 4 and 5 days after large electrolytic lesions in the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus. The number of degenerating terminals is much greater and the rate of their degeneration faster in area 3b than in areas 1 and 2, and in all areas they are concentrated in a band occupying the deep part of layer III and the upper half of layer IV. Two examples of dendrodendritic synapses were found in the deep part of the somatic sensory cortex, one in area 3b and the other in area 1. PMID- 6791761 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis in women attending a gynaecological outpatient clinic with lower genital tract infection. AB - In a study of 3794 consecutive women attending a gynaecological outpatient clinic with symptoms of lower genital tract infection (LGTI) 350 (9.2%) harboured Chlamydia trachomatis and 83 (2.2%) Neisseria gonorrhoeae. One hundred and ninety five patients who were later found to have acute salpingitis and 109 other women in whom the chlamydial cultures were spoiled were excluded from the series. Of the remaining 3490 women, 281 were infected with C trachomatis, 42 with N gonorrhoeae, and 17 with both. Of the 3150 women who were infected with neither organism, 146 were randomly selected as controls. The chlamydia-positive patients were younger (P less than 0.001), did not complain of pelvic discomfort or pain (P less than 0.01), and used oral contraceptives (P less than 0.001) more frequently than did the controls; intrauterine devices were used more often (P less than 0.01) by the controls. Increased vaginal discharge was reported significantly more often in chlamydia-positive patients than in the controls (P less than 0.05). Of 266 women harbouring C trachomatis the organism was still present in 22 (8.3%) when they were followed up from two to more than eight weeks after finishing treatment with doxycycline. Of 91 male consorts of chlamydia positive women, 53 (58.2%) were infected with C trachomatis. PMID- 6791764 TI - Binding of alpha-[125I]bungarotoxin to a particulate fraction of toad brain. PMID- 6791766 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C in human brain. AB - Carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes of human brain were examined by the immunoperoxidase method. Only the catalytically highly active isoenzyme C was found in normal cerebral and cerebellar tissues, being located in a limited number of non-neuronal cells interpreted as oligodendrocytes and in myelinated nerve fibres. The enzyme was not evident in the glial cells of astrocytomas. PMID- 6791765 TI - Localization of calcium and barium in toad retina by secondary ion mass spectrometry. PMID- 6791768 TI - The effect of furosemide and bumetanide on cerebrospinal fluid formation. AB - Complete inhibition of carbonic anhydrase maximally reduces CSF flow 40-60%. We have confirmed that CSF flow in rabbits may be maximally decreased in this way by acetazolamide 30 mg/kg i.v., but have found only about 20% reduction from control after furosemide at 50 mg/kg i.v. This effect of furosemide is consistent with specific but partial inhibition of carbonic anhydrase of choroid plexus (and perhaps other sites of CSF secretion) based on the affinity of furosemide for carbonic anhydrase. Bumetanide, with 7 times lower affinity for carbonic anhydrase and 14-40 times higher inhibition of renal electrolyte transport processes than furosemide, did not decrease CSF flow. PMID- 6791769 TI - Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone on hypothalamic thermosensitive neurons of the rat. AB - The actions of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) were tested on the firing rat of temperature-sensitive and temperature-insensitive neurons in the rat preoptic/anterior area of the hypothalamus (POA). Iontophoretic application of TRH resulted in inhibition of the firing rate of temperature-insensitive, warm sensitive and cold-sensitive neurons. The inhibitory response of cold sensitive neurons in TRH was relatively mild, however, and 2 of 6 of these neurons inhibited by TRH also displayed rebound increases in discharge rate following cessation of TRH application. These results parallel the hyperthermic effects of microinjected TRH and lend further support of the hypothesis that TRH acts as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the POA portion of the CNS thermoregulatory network. PMID- 6791767 TI - Effects of insulin-induced hypoglycemia on intracellular pH and impedance in the cerebral cortex of the rat. AB - In order to evaluate changes in extra- and intracellular pH in the brain during hypoglycemia rats were injected with insulin and pH changes evaluated when the EEG showed a slow-wave-polyspike pattern ('precoma'), or when EEG activity had ceased for 5, 15 or 30 min ('coma'). Extra- and intracellular acid-base changes were evaluated from pCO2 and HCO3-concentrations. In order to allow calculation of intracellular pH ( and HCO3- concentrations) changes in extracellular fluid volume were estimated by measurements of cortical tissue impedance. The main results were as follows. (1) At constant arterial pCO2 and CSF HCO3- concentration either rose (15 min of coma) or remained unchanged (all other groups). However, since the cerebrovenous (and tissue) pCO2 fell, all groups except one (30 min of coma) showed a significant increase in extracellular fluid pH. (2) During severe hypoglycemia, and especially when EEG activity ceased, cortical impedance increased markedly. Calculations with the help of the Rayleigh and Maxwell equations showed that the extracellular fluid volume was reduced to about 50% of control. (3) Intracellular pH increased significantly in precoma and in coma of 15 and 30 min duration. However, pH in the 5 min coma group was significantly lower (but no different from control). (4) In general, the increase in intracellular pH is consistent with previous findings that hypoglycemia is associated with oxidation of endogenous acid metabolites. However, the data suggest that in the initial period of coma acids accumulate by some unidentified mechanism. PMID- 6791770 TI - The interaction of polycations with mitochondria. PMID- 6791771 TI - [Use, in craniology, of vectors for the demonstration of the degree of forehead and face inclination in the chimpanzee and present-day and fossilized man]. AB - It is demonstrated, by mathematical method using vectors, that: (1) the inclination of the forehead, the sign of which is negative (simian type) in all Apes studied here, changes its sign and becomes positive (human type) in Plesianthropus, La Ferrassie I and contemporary Man. It remains negative (simian type) in Sinanthrope XI and La-Chapelle-aux-Saints; (2) the inclination of the face has a positive sign (simian type) in all Apes and Plesianthropus, but becomes negative (human type) in the genus Homo; (3) the fronto-gnathic angle which always remains less than 90 degrees in all Simians, becomes greater than 90 degrees in the genus Homo, and Plesianthropus. PMID- 6791772 TI - [Decreased binding by isolated rat hepatocytes of asialo-haptoglobin after combination with hemoglobin]. AB - The desialilation of 125I-labelled haptoglobin unmasks non-reducing galactose which has become terminal and permits its recognition and binding by isolated hepatocytes. However, the prior formation of an asialohaptoglobin-haemoglobin complex diminishes this property considerably. The explanation suggested is that there could either be a structural rearrangement of the complexed asialo haptoglobin or steiric hindrance due to a masking of the galactose by the haemoglobin. PMID- 6791773 TI - [Sequence of the N-terminal end of the periplasmic glutamine binding protein of Escherichia coli K12. Comparison with other periplasmic proteins]. AB - The amino-terminal end of the glutamine binding protein of E. coli K 12 has been sequenced (40 residues). Homologies with other binding proteins are shown. Likeness is slightly better with the ribose binding protein and with the leucine, isoleucine, valine binding protein. PMID- 6791774 TI - [Modification of the antigenicity of the serum thymic factor (thymulin) by zinc]. AB - We have previously reported that the serum thymic factor (FTS) exists under two forms, one deprived of zinc, biologically inactive and another one containing zinc, biologically active for which we have proposed the name of thymulin (FTS Zn). A new iodinated tracer (125I FTS-Zn) has been prepared by fixing zinc on synthetic FTS. This tracer is recognized by a Rabbit anti-FTS antiserum at a 1/20,000 dilution. Normal Mouse sera displace the binding of FTS-Zn to the antiserum (40-60% inhibition) whereas thymectomized mouse sera have no effect. These results should allow the establishment of a simple radioimmunoassay for thymulin (FTS-Zn) present in biological fluids. PMID- 6791775 TI - [Absence of the chemical activation of type C endogenous viruses in cells of 129/J mice]. AB - Production of Type C virus by Mouse cells generally activated by chemical agents does not occur in 129/J Mouse cells. No viral production, as tested by reverse transcriptase activity and electron microscopic methods can be detected in cells treated by chemical inducers. Immunofluorescence does not reveal the presence of viral specific proteins and viral RNA expression determined by molecular hybridization between cellular RNA and viral cDNA does not increase as it does in BALB/c cells under the action of the inducers studied. PMID- 6791776 TI - [Demonstration in a thyroid cancer of vesicular structures similar to ultimobranchial-type vesicles described in mice]. AB - An immunohistochemical and electron microscopy study has allowed us to find in a human thyroid cancer, follicle differentiation associating in a characteristic architectural pattern C cells, ciliated cells and follicular cells. Ultrastructural features were similar to those described in the normal adult Mouse thyroid by Wetzel and Wollman [1] and interpreted by them as a second type of thyroid follicle of ultimobranchial origin. The discovery of these structures within metastatic lymph nodes excludes normal thyroid follicle contamination. The presence of these neoplastic structures lead us to make the hypothesis of a stem cell of ultimobranchial and endodermal origin common to all the cells described. PMID- 6791777 TI - [Optimization against the occurrence of terminators for theoretical doublet codes]. AB - The aim of this work is the study of the internal laws of logic of the genetic code. If we accept, as a major hypothesis, selection against the occurrence of terminators, this leads us to the optimisation of theoretical code resistance to non sense effects. Depending on how the notion of vocabulary extension is envisaged, several methods exist. One of them is presented here for the simplest doublet codes. PMID- 6791778 TI - [Incorporation of (3R,3'R)zeaxanthin in vesicles of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Circular dichroism analysis]. AB - The organization of carotenoids in biological membranes has been investigated by monitoring by circular dichroism the incorporation of (3R, 3'R) zeaxanthin in small unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC). For ratios zeaxanthin/phospholipid greater than 1/30, a drastic circular dichroism increase indicates the existence of a new type of interaction between zeaxanthin and DPPC. PMID- 6791779 TI - [Effects of the administration of polyethyleneglycol during experimental candidiasis]. PMID- 6791780 TI - [Measurement of antidiuretic hormone and plasma renin activity in desert rodents]. AB - Plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and renin activity (PRA) were determined in two species of desert rodent (Jaculus orientalis and Jaculus deserti) under chronic dehydration and were compared to those of Wistar Rat. ADH concentration was very high in the desert animals: 200 times higher than in the Rat on a normal diet and 20 times higher than in the 48 hours-dehydrated Rats. The neurohypophyseal ADH content of these rodents was twice that of the normally hydrates Rat, while the dehydration caused a decrease of neurohypophyseal content in the Rat. Plasma renin activity was respectively 2.6 and 3.7 times higher in Jaculus deserti and Jaculus orientalis than in Rats on normal diet, but it was similar to that of dehydrated Rats. During an experimental chronic dehydration, the renin angiotensin system is moderately activated in the desert rodents; but, there is an intensive stimulation of ADH which may play a primordial role in the maintenance of water balance. Now it is necessary to demonstrate how these mechanisms are involved in the natural environment of the animals. PMID- 6791781 TI - Action of vitamin D metabolites on PTH secretion in man. AB - We have examined the effects of metabolites of vitamin D [25OHD3, 1,25(OH)2D3, 24,25(OH)2D3, and 25,26(OH)2D3] on serum calcium and iPTH in human deficient-D osteomalacia. The four metabolites decreased iPTH, but only for 1,25(OH)2D3 was a significant correlation between increase of serum calcium and decrease of iPTH observed. The 24,25(OH)2D3 and 25,26(OH)2D3 decreased iPTH despite a decrease of serum calcium at the beginning of treatment. The 25OHD decreased iPTH before increased serum calcium. These results could be interpreted as a direct effect of metabolites of vitamin D on PTH secretion. However, the conversion of other metabolites and the calcium concentration in parathyroid cells must be determined before this hypothesis can be accepted. PMID- 6791782 TI - Mean wall thickness and formation periods of trabecular bone packets in idiopathic osteoporosis. AB - The mean wall thickness (MWT) and duration of formation periods (sigma f) of trabecular bone packets have been measured in iliac crest biopsies following double tetracycline labeling from 9 women having primary osteoporosis, with vertebral crush fractures and reduced trabecular bone volume (TBV), and 9 age- and sex-matched controls. The MWT of the osteoporotic biopsies was significantly less than that of the controls and was negatively correlated with age in the latter. There was also a positive correlation between MWT and TBV in the controls but not in the osteoporotics. Sigma f, in days, showed a tendency to decline with age in the control biopsies and was further decreased in the osteoporotic patients. These results suggest that a major contribution to the negative skeletal balance existing in both primary osteoporosis and physiological osteopenia is a decrease in bone formation, caused by a reduction in the life span of the osteoblastic population at the basic multicellular unit (BMU) level. PMID- 6791783 TI - Human fetal cartilage response to plasma somatomedin activity in relation to gestational age. AB - The response of human fetal costal cartilage (gestational age 12--25 weeks) to plasma containing somatomedin activity has been examined in vitro. Uptake of both 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulfate into the cartilage was increased; the increase in 35S-sulfate uptake was relatively constant (mean = 198% of basal, N = 25) throughout the period studied; however, the increase in 3H-thymidine uptake varied with gestational age, reaching a maximum of about 200% at 15--17 weeks and decreasing thereafter. Such a change in cartilage sensitivity to somatomedins could be an important feature in the pattern of skeletal growth of the human fetus during gestation. The data do not confirm that human cartilage is most sensitive to somatomedins during intrauterine life. PMID- 6791784 TI - Distribution of organic matrix in calcium oxalate renal calculi. AB - The quantity of protein and carbohydrate comprising the matrix of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) renal stones was found to decrease with distance from the surface of the stone. The average organic concentration of stones 3 to 30 mm in diameter ranged from 5.7% at the surface to 2.7% at the core. This concentration gradient suggests matrix involvement in a "growth front" on stone surfaces with migration of organic material from the "older" interior. The matrix distribution was not readily correlated with density variations or with the presence of hydroxyapatite or calcium oxalate dihydrate. Surface matrix concentrations were greater than amounts predicted by physical adsorption. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of the organic-rich surface layer and also suggested that increase in stone size occurs predominantly by crystal growth with microcrystal aggregates as growth centers. PMID- 6791785 TI - Effects of chronic protein deficiency on skeletal development of young rats. PMID- 6791786 TI - Bone loss in the beagle tibia: influence of age, weight, and sex. AB - In a cross-sectional study, 154 Beagles (79 males, 74 females) ranging in age from 14 to 187 months were measured for bone mineral, bone width, and mineral-to width ratio on the distal shaft of the right tibia using a photon absorptiometer. The measurements were evaluated with regard to age, sex and body weight. The results indicate that males were heavier than females in body weight, with weight being reduced in the older animals of both sexes. When compared on an age basis, males had more mineral, a wider tibia, and a greater mineral-to-width ratio than females. The males and females reach their peak mineral, and mineral-to-width ratio at about 6 years of age and then decline. On a body weight basis, mineral, width and mineral-to-width ratio all increase with increasing body weight, with bone width being the least affected by changes in body weight. The values for females are less than those for males in all parameters with the greatest differences occurring at the greater weights. The only variance from these observations was the greater mineral-to-width ratio in the lighter females. It is concluded that, when examining cortical bone, the Beagle is a model of age related osteopenia, and body weight is an important consideration when explaining changes in bone mineral. PMID- 6791787 TI - Bone photovoltaic cell in hall geometry. AB - Enhancement of photovoltage has been found in bone and its two major constituents when placed in a magnetic field in standard Hall geometry. Infrared light has been used for carrier excitation. From data obtained in this manner, values for the light absorption constant, extinction constant, mass absorption constant, and efficiency have been estimated. All these parameters increase with the increase of magnetic field. A possible explanation for the observed phenomena is presented. PMID- 6791788 TI - Structure-activity relationship of retinoids in fetal rat bone cultures. AB - The structure-activity relationship of 29 retinoids was investigated in fetal rat bone organ cultures. Retinoids induced the release of proteoglycan followed by cartilage tissue breakdown. In this study the loss of RNA was used as a parameter for cartilage resorption. During 6 days of incubation RNA decreased up to 80% in presence of active retinoids. Thus the ED40 was determined from dose-response curves of the various retinoids. The new compounds, called arotinoids, which contained the retinoic acid carbon skeleton in a fixed cisoid geometric conformation, were up to 200 times more active than all-trans-beta-retinoic acid. The most active compound contained a tetramethylated tetralin ring and a second aromatic ring in the side chain. Several lines of evidence indicated that the carboxylic acid end group was essential for the activity of retinoids in fetal bone cultures. The new, highly active retinoids described here might be an excellent tool to investigate whether the retinoid action is mediated by specific cellular retinoid binding proteins. PMID- 6791789 TI - Further studies on the separation and identification of two phosphatases with acid optima from rat bone. PMID- 6791791 TI - A simple procedure for the rapid histologic diagnosis of metabolic bone disease. PMID- 6791790 TI - Endotoxin inhibition of macrophage-mediated bone resorption. PMID- 6791792 TI - Effect of sodium etidronate and phenytoin of Pagetic bone. PMID- 6791793 TI - Abstracts of the Third Annual Scientific Meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. Cincinnati, Ohio, June 14--16, 1981. PMID- 6791794 TI - Jack been urease (EC 3.5.1.5). II. The relationship between nickel, enzymatic activity, and the "abnormal" ultraviolet spectrum. The nickel content of jack beans. AB - At low pH, EDTA promotes the loss of the tightly bound nickel ions from jack bean urease. The specific activity of soluble enzyme after partial EDTA-promoted inactivation is a linear function of the nickel content. The results are consistent with the presence of 2.0 nickel ions per 97 000-dalton subunit in pure urease. The time scale for loss of enzymatic activity and nickel under these conditions is similar to that for loss of the "abnormal" tail absorption in the ultraviolet and visible absorption spectrum of urease (including the shoulder at approximately 420 nm). This indicates that nickel in urease is essential for enzymatic activity and establishes that the metal ions are in part responsible for the tail absorption in the ultraviolet spectrum of urease. After partial inactivation in the presence of EDTA either at low pH or in 2.5 M guanidinium chloride at neutral pH, urease did not regain activity in the presence of Ni2+. As yet apourease has not been produced reversibly. Jack bean seeds grown hydroponically without added nickel were low in both urease activity and nickel (10 and 6%, respectively, of parent seeds). Several other metal ions were readily available. This result suggests that metal ions other than nickel cannot substitute for nickel in the formation of normally active urease. PMID- 6791795 TI - A three step purification procedure for human liver ferritin. AB - We describe a method for the purification of normal human liver ferritin by ultrafiltration, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300, and affinity chromatography on DEAE-Affi Gel Blue. The purity of the ferritin obtained was verified by immunoelectrophoresis, Ouchterlony immuno-diffusion, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electrofocusing. This rapid method yields 32% of the original ferritin. PMID- 6791796 TI - ADP-ribosylation of pancreatic histone H1 and of other histones. AB - Incubation of pancreatic nuclei with high NAD concentrations resulted in increased ADP-ribosylation of histone H1. Interaction of [3H]ADP-ribosylated histone H1 with chromatin was significantly different from unmodified histone H1. The presence of a protein which is eluted at a lower salt concentration and which is ADP-ribosylated was also noticed. Pancreatic histones were isolated by column chromatography and their degree of ADP-ribosylation evaluated both by gel electrophoresis and by chromatography: histone H1 was the main acceptor while the core histones H3, H2B, and H2A were lightly labelled. Histones H1 and H1(0) have a differential binding to pancreatic chromatin and histone H1(0) is not ADP ribosylated. PMID- 6791797 TI - The bovine immune response to Brucella abortus. III. Preparation of antisera against a Brucella component precipitated by sera of some infected cattle. AB - Two methods are described for the partial purification of a high molecular weight, heat-resistant component (CO1) of sonicates of smooth and rough Brucella abortus which is precipitated by sera of some infected cattle. Method 1, a combination of gel filtration chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was used to prepare CO1 from sonicates of a smooth field strain of B. abortus. Method 2, a combination of gel filtration chromatography and heat treatment, was used to obtain CO1, from sonicates of rough B. abortus strain 45/20. Rabbit antisera produced against CO1 prepared by either method contained only CO1 precipitins but were negative in standard agglutination and complement fixation tests conducted with whole cell antigens. Evidence is presented that CO1 is identical to Brucella antigen A2, and it is proposed that in future the designation A2 be employed. PMID- 6791798 TI - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube. AB - Primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is a rare condition and not easy to diagnose. On a smear taken from the vagina of a 73-year-old woman, cells consistent with adenocarcinoma were detected even though the patient was asymptomatic. The specimen from endometrial curettage was normal on microscopic examination. The patient was readmitted, 2 months after dilatation and curettage, with a right pleural effusion. Examination of the pleural fluid revealed adenocarcinomatous cells. Laparotomy disclosed a primary carcinoma (stage IV) of the left fallopian tube. Thiotepa (45 mg) was instilled into the chest cavity and medroxyprogesterone (100 mg tid) and melphalan (6 mg/d for 4 days over 6 weeks) were given. Although the life expectancy for stage IV primary carcinoma of the fallopian tube is less than 2 years this patient has no clinical evidence of disease 2 1/2 years after operation. PMID- 6791799 TI - Hazards in managing diabetic acidosis. PMID- 6791800 TI - The effects of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on testicular function in men undergoing treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Testicular function was studied in 26 men with sarcoma who received adjuvant treatment with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and high-dose methotrexate (with or without radiotherapy). Testicular size, sperm output, and serum FSH, LH and testosterone levels were assessed after treatment. Five of 17 men who received chemotherapy or chemotherapy with radiotherapy to the neck, arm, chest, or leg, had normal testicular function. Eight of the remaining 12 men who provided ejaculates were oligospermic or azoospermic and serum FSH was increased threefold and LH twofold; testosterone levels were normal. In the five men with normal testicular function, FSH was increased fourfold during therapy but returned to normal six to 21 months after treatment. In men less than 40 years old, the mean FSH was less than that of men over 40 years of age (P = to 0.05), suggesting that recovery from the injury was age-related. By contrast, all nine men who received chemotherapy plus radiotherapy to the abdomen or thigh had decreased testicular size, azoospermia, fourfold increase in FSH, and twofold increase in LH levels; but testosterone concentration was normal. These data increase in FSH, and reversible testicular injury occurs after treatment with doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and high-dose methotrexate; recovery is age-related. However, these agents in combination with use of adjuvant radiotherapy to the thigh or abdomen may produce permanent testicular injury even in young patients. PMID- 6791801 TI - The efficacy of nutritional assessment and support in cancer surgery. AB - Malnutrition is common in cancer patients and may be an important determinant of operative morbidity and mortality. To determine whether preoperative nutritional assessment can be used to identify a group of high-risk patients, and whether preoperative TPN decreases morbidity and mortality in this group, retrospective, nonrandomized review of 159 patients who were subjected to major cancer surgery was performed. All patients underwent preoperative multiparameter assessment. A previously developed and validated nutritional assessment model (Prognostic Nutritional Index) was used to evaluate the probability of operative complications. Based on predicted outcome (PNI), patients were assigned to either a high-risk or low-risk group for statistical comparison with actual outcome. The effect of preoperative TPN was then analyzed in both risk groups for determination of efficacy of preoperative nutritional support. Substantial malnutrition was found to exist among patients undergoing major cancer surgery and was closely correlated with subsequent morbidity and mortality. This predictive nutritional assessment model accurately identifies a subset of cancer surgery patients at increased risk of operative morbidity and mortality. In this high risk group (PNI greater than or equal to 40%), preoperative nutritional support significantly reduces operative morbidity. PMID- 6791802 TI - Malignant schwannoma--clinical characteristics, survival, and response to therapy. AB - One hundred and sixty-five cases of malignant schwannoma were reviewed. Sixty five (40%) of the patients had evidence of disseminated neurofibromatosis. Patients with neurofibromatosis were younger, had malignant schwannomas that were centrally rather than peripherally located, and had a shorter five-year survival (23%) than patients with solitary malignant schwannomas (47%). Histologically, tumors developing in patients with neurofibromatosis had a collagenous appearance, while tumors in patients without neurofibromatosis were undifferentiated and highly cellular. The clinical course of both groups of patients tended to be that of multiple local recurrences, although local recurrence had a more ominous prognosis in patients with neurofibromatosis. Chemotherapy responses in all these patients were extremely poor; however, the results of adjuvant therapy after surgery appeared encouraging. Fourteen patients (8.5%) had a malignant schwannoma in an area of prior radiation therapy and died of disease a median of 14 months after diagnosis. Malignant schwannoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumors developing in areas previously treated with radiation. PMID- 6791803 TI - A review of in vitro and in vivo culture techniques for the study of pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 6791804 TI - The Whipple procedure and other standard operative approaches to pancreatic cancer. AB - In a series of 50 patients with cancer of the pancreas who wee undergoing resection of the pancreatic head and the duodenum, the average survival was 16.2 months. If the resected margin was free of tumor the average survival was 20.3 months. In 103 less favourable cases treated by biliary bypass, with or without gastroenterostomy, the average survival was only 6.2 months. Although these series are not comparable, pancreaticoduodenal resection for cancer of the pancreas and periampullary area has been utilized in cases without distant metastases in an effort to extend the period of palliation and to achieve occasional long-term survival. Currently available diagnostic techniques may permit earlier diagnosis and improved results. A positive tissue diagnosis is not essential before proceeding with resection, but this aspect of the operation should be fully discussed with the patient. An unfavorable condition of the residual pancreas for anastomosis, or a positive frozen section examination of the pancreas at the line of transection may indicate total pancreatectomy, but complete resection is not used routinely. The incidence of jejunal ulceration, a serious late postoperative complication, may be reduced by utilizing a 60-70% gastric resection or antrectomy and vagotomy. PMID- 6791806 TI - Leucine metabolism in patients with malignant disease. AB - Studies of the metabolism of the amino acid, leucine, have been carried out in six patients with progressive cancer and compared to similar studies in a group of control subjects. U-14C leucine was given by the single injection technique and the disappearance of radioactive leucine from the plasma as well as the appearance of the label in expired air was determined over a 3-hour interval in both the overnight fasting state and during glucose ingestion. Plasma leucine levels in the basal state were higher in the patients with malignant disease (193 +/- 17 mumol/L vs 135 +/- 16 mumol/L) as was the flux or rate of appearance of unlabeled leucine molecules into the plasma (136 +/- 5 mumol/kg hour vs 79 mumol/kg/hour). Oxidation of leucine resulted in the appearance of about 19% of the injected label in expired CO2 of control subjects with almost twice that amount being found in progressive cancer patients. When the irreversible disposal of leucine to a metabolic fate other than oxidation was calculated (perhaps an indicator of protein synthesis), this was also increased in the progressive cancer patients. Exogenous glucose administration resulted in a fall in both leucine level and flux in the control subjects, while these parameters were less affected in three of the cancer patients. The fall in oxidation when glucose was given was more pronounced in the control subjects. These data are interpreted to mean that all aspects of leucine metabolism, presumably an example of branched chain amino acid metabolism, appear to be accelerated in subjects with cancer and weight loss. In addition, the peripheral control of the metabolism of this group of amino acids, as affected by glucose and insulin, appears to be impaired. PMID- 6791805 TI - An immunocytochemical study of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - Lymph node specimens obtained intraoperatively and/or at autopsy from 89 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were studied immunohistochemically. The peroxidase anti-peroxidase (PAP) technique was used for detecting monoclonal cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) and for determining the classes and types of immunoglobulins in the tumors. Following rigid criteria, monoclonal CIg was demonstrated in four (16%) of 25 cases of nodular, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDL); in three (14%) of 21 cases of diffuse, poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (DPDL); and in 13 (30%) of 43 cases of diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DH). Of the four NPDL patients, two had the M kappa, one the A kappa, and one the lambda chain type. Of the three DPDL patients, one had the M kappa, one the G kappa, and one the lambda chain type. Of the 13 DH patients, five had the M kappa, four the A kappa, one the GM kappa, one the A kappa, one the G kappa, and one the kappa chain type. In two DH patients negative for cytoplasmic immunoglobulins, cytoplasmic lysozyme was present, indicating the histiomonocytic nature of the tumor cells. There was no significant difference between the overall survival rates for the DH patients with or without monoclonal CIg. In all three types of lymphoma studied, we encountered many patients (67%) who had tumor cell populations without demonstrable CIg and few patients (11%) with polyclonal CIg. There are several possible reasons why many of the patients were PAP-negative and why some had polyclonal cell populations. The PAP method may be useful in establishing the monoclonal nature of neoplastic lymphoid cell populations. PMID- 6791807 TI - Osteosarcoma arising in heterotopic ossification of dermatomyositis: case report and review of the literature. AB - A patient with dermatomyositis developed malignant transformation of the benign interfascial heterotopic bone. This patient had classic childhood dermatomyositis at the age of 3 years, and the disease was arrested after a one-year course of corticosteroid therapy. Extensive subcutaneous calcinosis cutis and deep interfascial calcinosis were the residua of the disease. Twenty-eight years later, the patient developed a high-grade osteosarcoma within the benign intermuscular heterotopic calcification and ossification that had been previously documented at the age of 8 years by a roentgenogram and at the age of 16 years by biopsy. This case represents the first report of the association of osteosarcoma and dermatomyositis, and possibly the first well-documented case of malignant transformation of benign heterotopic bone. PMID- 6791808 TI - Mitomycin C and vinblastine chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. AB - Mitomycin C, 20 mg/m2 day 1, and vinblastine, 0.15 mg/m2 days 1 and 21, were administered intravenously to 31 patients with refractory previously treated advanced breast cancer. Courses were repeated every six to eight weeks when adequate hematologic recovery permitted. Thirty of the 31 patients were evaluable; one had a complete response and 11 had a partial response. Four patients had stabilization of their disease. There was a 12/30 (40%) response rate with a median response duration of 127 days (range 69--412 days). Toxicity included moderate to severe myelosuppression, infections, hemorrhage, neurologic symptoms, pulmonary toxicity and mucositis. In previously treated patients with poor prognoses, the combination of mitomycin C and vinblastine appears to be a worthwhile secondary treatment for metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6791809 TI - Treatment of advanced cancer of the lower lip--the use of intraarterial or intravenous chemotherapy as basal treatment. AB - Since the linear accelerator was installed in Sydney Hospital in 1964, 27 patients who presented with previously untreated but advanced deep carcinoma of the lower lip have been treated with initial megavoltage or orthovoltage radiotherapy with or without follow-up surgery. In 17 of these, the tumor appears to have been eradicated, but in the other ten (approximately one-third), the tumor was not controlled. These results are similar to those reported from other major centers. Since January, 1974, six patients with the most advanced lesions have been treated with "basal" chemotherapy (in four cases given intra-arterially and in two cases given intravenously) prior to radiotherapy. Follow-up surgery in the form of block dissection was required in one patient, and wedge resection of a residual focus of tumor was required in a second patient, but all six patients remain well and free of disease, with from three to six years follow-up to date. A further seven patients with advanced recurrent lesions were also treated using "basal" chemotherapy as the initial treatment. In three of these the carcinoma remained uncontrolled, but in four the tumor appears to have been controlled with subsequent follow-up radiotherapy being used in two cases, surgery in a third, and intermittent chemotherapy in the fourth. The numbers of patients treated in this series are insufficient to allow conclusions to be drawn concerning present management methods. However, the trend of the results to date suggests that for advanced lesions, improved survival may well result from the combination of basal chemotherapy with subsequent radiotherapy and/or surgery. PMID- 6791810 TI - Electron microscopy in the diagnosis of malignant schwannoma. AB - Fifteen malignant schwannomas were examined by light and electron microscopy. Five tumors arose in patients with neurofibromatosis and five were contiguous with a peripheral nerve (Group I). Five tumors met neither of these generally accepted diagnostic criteria but were light microscopically seen as compatible with malignant schwannoma when examined under light microscope (Group II). In the better differentiated areas of Group I lesions, long, overlapping, tightly packed cytoplasmic processes were parallel to homogeneous flocculent material, occasionally assuming a linear appearance suggesting basal lamina. In Group II, similar cytoplasmic processes were present but the extracellular material was less extensive and had a less obvious relationship to the plasma membrane. In neither group were fine intracytoplasmic filaments prominent. Malignant schwann cells are seldom as ultrastructurally differentiated as their benign counterparts. Nevertheless, within the context of well-studied light microscopy and the sampling error inherent in ultrastructural examination, electron microscopy can support the diagnosis of malignant schwannoma. PMID- 6791811 TI - The value of screening. AB - While it seems obvious that diagnosis of cancers by screening early in their asymptomatic stages should result in improved outcomes, for most cancers proof in clinical practice is elusive. Various characteristics of cancers themselves, screening tests, and screening programs, are critical in estimating the potential value of particular screening efforts. Cancer favorable for screening are those with a high prevalence in the patients screening (high-risk patients), a long detectable preclinical phase, and conditions in which early treatment beneficially alters the natural history. A good screening test is one with high sensitivity and specificity, as the test is commonly performed and interpreted, and minimal financial and other costs or risks. Favorable evaluation of a screening program includes demonstrated reduction in morbidity and mortality, preferably in a randomized controlled trial. Interpretation of experimental and nonexperimental results of screening programs in complex. Evaluation of the multidimensional costs of screening depends on the value system of the observer: patient, physician, or public health official. Comparison of costs and benefits with those of other activities is helpful in decision making and in assessing the value of screening. PMID- 6791812 TI - Principles of radiation therapy of gynecologic cancers. PMID- 6791814 TI - Risk/benefit ratios in the management of gynecologic cancer. PMID- 6791813 TI - Cryosurgery and the CO2 laser. AB - Over the past decade, the management of intraepithelial lesions of the visible portion of the female genital tract has substantially changed with the introduction of cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser. Although cryosurgery and the carbon dioxide laser are very effective in eradicating preinvasive disease, the selection of patients by colposcopy and appropriate biopsies is more important than the treatment techniques. Failure to properly evaluate women with genital tract neoplasia can result in disastrous consequences for the patient. The CO2 laser shows considerable promise in managing dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the vagina and vulva. The laser combines the accuracy of the operating microscope and the precision and control of the photon beam. Posttreatment sequelae are minimal, and scarring is absent. PMID- 6791817 TI - Blocking basement membrane collagen deposition inhibits the growth of 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors. AB - 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene-induced rat mammary tumors contain basement membrane collagen in vivo and in vitro in primary culture, as determined by immunofluorescence. The proline analogue dis-hydroxyproline, which selectively blocks collagen accumulation, inhibits tumor cell growth in vitro. In vivo cis hydroxyproline blocks tumor growth and produces epithelial cell degeneration and tumor necrosis at a non-toxic dose. This compound has no effect on the growth of the mammary carcinoma cell line 64/24, which makes no basement membrane collagen. As we have previously described for the normal proliferating rat mammary gland, basement membrane collagen deposition may be necessary for the growth of some rat mammary tumors. PMID- 6791816 TI - Growth of mammary glands from monodispersed cells and susceptibility to 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. AB - Monodispersed mammary cells inoculated into the subscapular fat pad of isologous female rats developed into full-formed ductal mammary glands. The growth pattern of these outgrowths followed that of normal mammary gland, as indicated by labeling index (LI). Tumorigenesis in these outgrowths induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) was in direct proportion to the level of LI. A similar correlation of tumorigenesis and LI was also observed in the mammary gland of virgin female rats. Our data show that application of this technique in the study of mammary cell physiology and carcinogenesis would be very useful. PMID- 6791818 TI - Effects of high-dose methotrexate and vincristine on ovarian and testicular functions in patients undergoing postoperative adjuvant treatment of osteosarcoma. AB - We have studied gonadal function in five patients (three men and two women) who received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) alone and in 12 patients (seven men and five women) who received HD-MTX and vincristine (VCR) as postoperative adjuvant therapy for osteosarcoma. Testicular function was assessed by determination of testicular size, sperm concentration, and serum follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels while evaluation of ovarian function was based on menstrual history and serum FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone levels. The two women who received HD-MTX and all five women who received HD-MTX and VCR had regular cyclic menses not only after therapy but also during treatment. Serum FSH, LH, estradiol, and progesterone levels were normal in all women studied. Among the ten men studied, testicular function was normal in the six patients evaluated initially several months after the completion of therapy. In contrast, severe oligospermia was noted among four men evaluated during and immediately after treatment. From serum samples obtained before, during, and after treatment we have determined that approximately one half of the men who received HD-MTX alone or in combination with VCR develop transient testicular failure associated with a significant increase in serum FSH but not LH levels. Sperm concentration and serum FSH levels then return to normal after completion of chemotherapy. PMID- 6791815 TI - Analysis of mutagen-induced chromosome damage in a primate species (Saguinus oedipus oedipus) at risk for spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the colon. AB - A high incidence of adenocarcinoma of the colon (greater than 16%) has been observed at necropsy in the South American primate, Saguinus oedipus oedipus (S. oedipus), while the disease has not been found in tamarins of the closely related species, Saguinus fuscicollis spp, housed in the same research colony. Cytogenetic analyses in cultured lymphocytes from 10 S. oedipus and 10 S. fuscicollis illigeri (S. fuscicollis) demonstrated no differences in the average frequencies of spontaneous or mitomycin C (MMC)-induced sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) between animals of the two species. However, highly significant variability in MMC-induced chromosome lesions was observed between the individual S. oedipus, with one animal exhibiting increased sensitivity for both SCEs and chromosome breakages. At present we do not know the relationship, if any, between increased sensitivity to mutagen-induced cytogenetic lesions in specific S. oedipus tamarins and the increased risk for colon cancer that has been documented in this primate species. However, our cytogenetic findings in this one S. oedipus are similar to data obtained in evaluations of persons with several autosomal recessive conditions in which there is a genetic predisposition for developing malignancies. PMID- 6791820 TI - Reversible brachial plexopathy following primary radiation therapy for breast cancer. AB - Reversible brachial plexopathy has occurred in very low incidence in patients with breast carcinoma treated definitively with radiation therapy. Of 565 patients treated between January 1968 and December 1979 with moderate doses of supervoltage radiation therapy (average axillary dose of 5000 rad in 5 weeks), eight patients (1.4%) developed the characteristic symptoms at a median time of 4.5 months after radiation therapy. This syndrome consists of paresthesias in all patients, with weakness and pain less commonly seen. The symptom complex differs from other previously described brachial plexus syndromes, including paralytic brachial neuritis, radiation-induced injury, and carcinoma. A possible relationship to adjuvant chemotherapy exists, though the etiology is not well understood. The cases described demonstrate temporal clustering. Resolution is always seen. PMID- 6791821 TI - 2,3-Diacetamido-2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronic acid: a new acidic amino sugar from Pseudomonas aeruginosa type O6 lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6791822 TI - Affinity labelling of beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli with D-[6-(3)H] galactal. PMID- 6791823 TI - Sialic acid polysaccharide antigens of Neisseria meningitidis and Escherichia coli: esterification between adjacent residues. AB - Colominic acid and meningococcal Group B polysaccharide, both (2 leads to 8) alpha-linked homopolymers of sialic acid, are made water-insoluble either by reaction with a carbodiimide in aqueous solution at pH 4.75 or by treatment with 48% aqueous hydrofluoric acid at 0 degrees for 48 h. I.r. spectra of the products show a major band near 1750 cm-1, consistent with ester formation; this band virtually disappears after mild, alkali treatment. Esterification also occurs by incubating the native polysaccharides below pH 6.0, and their i.r. spectra show that the degree of esterification increases as the pH is lowered. The relatively low molecular weight of these partially esterified, water-soluble polymers is consistent with intra- rather than inter-molecular ester formation. Counter current immunoelectrophoresis shows that esterification of approximately 9% is sufficient to abolish immunoprecipitation. 13C-N.m.r. spectroscopy of fully esterified colominic acid provides strong evidence for cross-linking between the carboxyl group of one residue and HO-9 of an adjoining residue. Meningococcal serogroup C polysaccharide, a (2 leads to 9)-alpha-linked homopolymer of sialic acid containing O-acetyl groups at C-7 and/or C-8, does not undergo intramolecular esterification after carbodiimide treatment. However, upon O deacetylation of the polysaccharide, esterification occurs. PMID- 6791819 TI - Phase I trial of pentamethylmelamine: a clinical and pharmacologic study. AB - Pentamethylmelamine (PMM) is a water-soluble monodemethylated derivative of hexamethylmelamine and has a similar spectrum of activity against murine tumors. Unlike hexamethylmelamine, it is suitable for parenteral administration. We conducted a phase I trial of PMM given as a weekly 1-hour iv infusion to 34 extensively pretreated patients with advanced solid tumors. Eight dose levels ranging from 80 to 1500 mg/m2 were studied. A median of three infusions (mean, 4.2; range, 1-24) were given to each patient. Severe nausea and vomiting was dose limiting at 1500 mg/m2; it was unresponsive to antiemetics and persisted up to 48 hours. Mild to moderately depressed levels of consciousness were seen in one third of the patients at dose levels of greater than or equal to 750 mg/m2. Consistent dose-related myelosuppression was not observed. Hepatocellular toxicity manifested by elevated serum transaminases occurred sporadically, usually in patients with liver metastases, but could not be unequivocally attributed to the drug. No complete or partial tumor responses were noted. At each dose level, the pharmacokinetics of PMM disappearance from plasma were studied in one to three patients with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer assay which exclusively measured the unmetabolized drug. The data obtained wee consistent with a two-compartment model of drug distribution, with a mean dose independent terminal half-life of 143 minutes (range, 43-370). Peak drug levels were directly proportional to dose. The relative lack of myelotoxicity would make PMM an attractive candidate for addition to combination regimens if antitumor activity at tolerable doses could be documented. On this schedule, the recommended dose is 100 mg/m2 for phase II trials. PMID- 6791824 TI - Syndrome of severe bradycardia and hypotension following sublingual nitroglycerin administration. AB - Severe bradycardia associated with profound systemic arterial hypotension was observed in 3 patients following sublingual nitroglycerin administration. All patients had clinical evidence of active ischemic heart disease. In 1 patient, third-degree heart block was observed several hours later, requiring pacemaker therapy. Radionuclide ventriculography in 1 patient during the bradycardia revealed no significant change in regional wall motion or in left or right ventricular ejection fraction. Review of the literature shows no consistent predictors as to which patients are at risk for developing this syndrome. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms are discussed. These case reports illustrate an unpredictable and serious complication of nitroglycerin administration, and emphasize the need for caution in use of this drug for ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6791825 TI - Clinical studies on the mucolytic effect of mesna. AB - Eighty intensive care patients requiring mucolytic therapy because of pulmonary mucus retention after chest (28 cases) or thoracic (52 cases) surgery were given the drug mesna by three different methods: bronchial lavage with a mixture of mesna (5% to 10%) and lidocaine (1%) in 15 to 20 ml, 10 to 20 times a day (10 cases); instillation into the bronchial tree of 15 to 20 ml of a 5% to 10% mesna solution three to five times a day (20 cases); continuous aerosolization of four to five ampules of mesna per 24 hours with a Bennett nebulizer (50 cases). The duration of mesna therapy ranged from 2 to 21 days. The drug was found to be highly effective in all three methods; rapid fluidization of bronchial secretions was observed and aspiration of the latter was considerably facilitated. Tolerance was excellent and there were no side effects, even in cases with bronchial asthma. A particularly good effect was seen on blood-contaminated mucus. Samples of aspirated mucus were investigated by the electron spin resonance (ESR) technique to obtain structural information about the effects of mesna as compared with N-acetylcysteine. Mucolytics decrease with ESR signal, and the rate of reduction is supposed to measure the rupture of disulphide bridges and, consequently, the degree of mucus fluidization. The rate of decrease of the ESR signals is much higher after mesna. PMID- 6791826 TI - Laser flow cytofluorometric analysis of HTC cells synchronized with hydroxyurea, nocodazole and aphidicolin. AB - The technique of laser flow cytofluorometry has been used to monitor the arrival in G1 and the subsequent progression through the cell cycle of HTC cells accumulated in metaphase with colcemid alone or after treatment with hydroxyurea and Nocodazole. Under the experimental conditions used in this study, the latter procedure gives much better results, avoiding in particular the extensive formation of micronucleated cells. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase, in combination with Nocodazole, provides a useful method to tightly synchronize these cells at the G1/S border. PMID- 6791827 TI - Monoamine precursor uptake in ganglia of a mollusc Anodonta cygnea L. (Bivalvia) An autoradiographic and ultrastructural study. AB - In vitro-uptake and localization of 3H-5 hydroxytryptophan and 3H dihydroxyphenylalanine have been investigated by means of light microscopic autoradiography in the central nervous system of the freshwater mussel, Anodonta cygnea L. Accumulation of the labelled monoamine precursors could be observed both over neuronal perikarya and neuropil in the ganglia. 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan and 3H-dihydroxyphenylalanine were taken up by neurons characterized by a small size (10-20 micrometer), a polygonal form and an intense staining with toluidine blue. Labelled axon branches situated either in the neuropil or between nerve cells in the cortex exhibited only a moderate activity, frequently of a diffuse character. After pretreatment fro 24 h with colchicine, silver grains were also seen over a neuronal perikarya and some axon profiles. This shows that local uptake of the monoamine precursors and, presumably, the synthesis of the monoamines takes place both at perikaryal and axonal/terminal level. The nerve cells accumulating the monoamine precursors contain a nucleus with rich chromatin content and a deeply invaginate nuclear envelope. Further ultrastructural characteristics of these neurons are their well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum system, a great number of mitochondria and glycogen granules, and the presence of dense-cored vesicles of different types. All those features are responsible for the electron-dense appearance of the cytoplasm. PMID- 6791828 TI - Electron-microscopic studies on the relationship between the frequency of parathyroid storage granules and serum calcium levels in the rat. AB - In the rat parathyroid, the mean number of storage granules (NSG) per chief cell has been electron-microscopically studied and correlated with the mean serum calcium level (SCL). In animals given 4% CaCl2 plus vitamin D2 for 3 days. SCL is significantly elevated and NSG is increased. When these animals are injected with 2% EDTA, SCl is lowered to 8 mg/dl, but NSG is not affected; in those injected with 4% EDTA, however, SCL declines to a minimum (5.8 mg/dl) after 30 min, and NSG is also decreased. Control SCL are 8.9 mg/dl. These results indicate that storage granules may not be released until SCL is depressed to a certain level. In rats 3 weeks after castration, the chief cells show hyperplastic changes and SCl is at a low concentration (8.0 mg/dl). NSG, however, remains almost within control limits. Castrated animals injected with 4% EDTA show a hypocalcemia and a decrease in NSG, but NSG gradually recovers over a period of 6 h. These data suggest that storage granules can be produced even under lower calcium concentrations. It is concluded that storage granules may be constantly produced and stored, and are released only as an emergency supply of hormone. PMID- 6791829 TI - Localization of gonadotrophic hormones in the pituitary gland of the California leaf-nosed bat (Macrotus californicus). AB - Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) cells were immunostained in the anterior pituitary lobe of the California leaf-nosed bat with antisera against the specific beta (beta) subunits of rat LH and rat FSH employing the unlabeled immunoperoxidase technique. Selective immunochemical staining by both antisera was localized primarily in the same cell type. However, some cells consistently reacted solely with antisera to either LH-beta or FSH beta. Whereas the immunoreactive LH-beta cells, in general, stained more intensely than FSH-beta cells they were usually less numerous. These cells were alcian-blue and PAS-positive, staining pink to purple. The LH/FSH cells were pleomorphic with eccentric nuclei, often with cytoplasmic extensions. They were found throughout the pars distalis. PMID- 6791831 TI - A position-specific cell surface antigen in the drosophila wing imaginal disc. AB - The antibody produced by the hybrid cell line DK. 1A4 recognizes an antigen present initially on all the epithelial cells of the D. melanogaster wing imaginal disc. This antigen becomes progressively restricted to cells in the dorsal region of the disc during the final larval instar. The presence of the antigen does not correlate with the specific adult structures to which the cells will eventually contribute, but rather with the position of the cells in the disc. In late discs, the line bounding the region in which the antigen persists corresponds to the boundary between the dorsal and ventral compartments are revealed by a clonal analysis of the undifferentiated disc. Together, these data suggest that the antigen's disappearance may be specific to the cells of the ventral compartment of the wing disc. PMID- 6791830 TI - The removal of extracellular fibronectin from areas of cell-substrate contact. PMID- 6791832 TI - Somatic mutation of immunoglobulin light-chain variable-region genes. AB - A single germline immunoglobulin kappa-variable-region gene, VK167, is rearranged and expressed in two myelomas, MOPC167 and MOPC511. Only this single germline gene displays close homology to the expressed genes. Neither of the rearranged, functional genes, however, has a nucleotide sequence that is identical to the germline VK167 gene. Both active genes display several single-base-pair mutations with respect to the germline sequence. The nucleotide sequence data predict the alteration of a restriction-enzyme-recognition site within the VK167 gene between germline cells and cells producing the MOPC167 light-chain protein. Based on this restriction-site alteration, Southern blot analysis proves unambiguously that no gene present in the germline BALB/c mouse genome contains the exact VK167 nucleotide sequence found in cells committed to MOPC167 antibody production. Instead the alterations found in the expressed MOPC167 and MOPC511 V-region genes have apparently arisen by a process of somatic mutation during cellular differentiation. Since nucleotide alterations are found in framework and hypervariable portions of the variable region, the mechanism of somatic mutation is not limited to hypervariable sequences. In addition, Southern blot hybridization indicates that the observed mutations did not arise by recombinational events, but are single-base-pair substitutions. Based on the distribution of mutations that have been found in expressed immunoglobulin variable-region genes, a model that links the introduction of somatic mutations to DNA replication during the V-J joining event is proposed. PMID- 6791833 TI - A single VH gene segment encodes the immune response to phosphorylcholine: somatic mutation is correlated with the class of the antibody. PMID- 6791834 TI - A series of murine interleukin molecules which stimulate both murine and human lymphocytes. I. Production by Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) lectin 2 (Pa-2) stimulated thymus and thymus-derived cells. PMID- 6791835 TI - Ability of human leukocytic pyrogen to enhance phytohemagglutinin induced murine thymocyte proliferation. PMID- 6791836 TI - The role of macrophages in the acute-phase response: SAA inducer is closely related to lymphocyte activating factor and endogenous pyrogen. PMID- 6791837 TI - Migration of IgA-bearing lymphocytes into salivary glands. PMID- 6791839 TI - [Hormonal dependence of some paroxysmal pathological conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791838 TI - Anti-IgD enhancement of primary antibody responses in rats. PMID- 6791840 TI - [Estimation of foetal maturity according to creatinine values in the amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791841 TI - A new method for the assay of purine metabolic enzymes. PMID- 6791842 TI - [Relations between blood magnesium and the H-2 system in the mouse]. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) and plasma (P) magnesium have been determined on 148 adult male mice of inbred, congenic strains. Among C3H congenic Mice, important and significant variations of RBC Mg levels are observed following the H-2 antigens of the strains tested, while P Mg levels exhibit generally small and nonsignificant variations. The opposite situation seems to arise among B10 strains. These observations are in good keeping with the previously demonstrated relationship between HLA antigens and RBC Mg in man. They suggest, furthermore, that the association between RBC Mg and the major histocompatibility complex may be expressed or not, according to other genetic factors, independent of the major complex. PMID- 6791843 TI - [Role of zinc and other metals in the biological activity of the serum thymic factor (thymulin)]. AB - The serum thymic factor (FTS) used in synthetic or natural form, loses its biological activity after passage on a chelating agent, Chelex 100. Such activity is recovered after addition of zinc and, to a lesser degree, of certain other metals. FTS activation is secondary to zinc binding to the peptide. These results indicate the existence of two FTS forms: the first one, deprived of zinc and biologically inactive, the second one containing zinc and biologically active, for which we purpose to coin the name of thymulin. PMID- 6791844 TI - [Replication of type 6 ridovirus in various cell lines]. AB - The behaviour of different Invertebrate cell lines iridovirus type 6 (CIV) infection was compared. The results allow us to distinguish at least four types of cellular systems: non-permissive systems (a. albopictus), semi-permissive systems (L. dispar) and two types of permissive systems in which the viral replication cycle is complete A. aegypti (slow replication cycle) and C. fumiferana (rapid replication cycle) PMID- 6791845 TI - [Isolation and culture of endothelial cells from the human and mouse liver]. PMID- 6791846 TI - [Changes in the imprints of the middle meningeal veins on the vault of the human skull during growth]. PMID- 6791847 TI - Further fractionation and co-promoting activity of the large molecular weight components of aqueous tobacco extracts. AB - Earlier studies showed that aqueous extracts of tobacco exhibit tumor promoting activity. The activity required the simultaneous presence of two agents, one of which was methanol soluble and the other, methanol insoluble. In this study, the 80% methanol insoluble fraction was further fractionated using dialysis through controlled pore membranes. Each resulting sub-fraction was then combined with the methanol soluble fraction and tested as a promoting stimulus in mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. The subfraction (D) with a presumptive molecular weight greater than 13,000 produced a significantly higher tumor incidence and tumor yield together with a significantly shorter latent period than the other subfractions. D contained about 12% of the total 80% methanol insoluble material. All of the other subfractions exhibited significant but less pronounced co promoting activity. PMID- 6791848 TI - Inhibition of DNA-directed beta-galactosidase synthesis in a cell-free system by dimethyl sulfate and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea. AB - Methylation of a genome DNA lambda h80dlacps by N-methyl-Nitrosourea (MNU, a potent carcinogen) and dimethyl sulfate (DMS, a weak carcinogen) results in loss of its template activity in directing beta-galactosidase (beta G) synthesis in vitro, the degree of inhibition in template activity is proportional to the extent of methylation which is in turn related to the concentration of the methylating agents during 10 minutes incubation at 37 degrees C. When these methylating agents are added to the complete synthesizing system, beta G synthesis is also impaired. Maximum inhibition occurs when the chemicals are added at the initiation of this coupled transcription-translation assay. Inhibition gradually decreases at later times of addition until ten minutes after initiation when no inhibition is observed. This suggests that the early stages in mRNA synthesis are most sensitive to these agents. Preincubation of DNA with MNU for 10 min at 37 degrees C prior to the addition of other assay components (including S30 cell lysate) results in greater inhibition than preincubation of the S30 preparation with MNU prior to DNA and cofactors addition. The opposite result is obtained with DMS suggesting that while DNA is the more sensitive component of the system for MNU, S30 is the more sensitive component for DMS. PMID- 6791849 TI - Comparative carcinogenicities of 4-N-pyrrolidinylazobenzene, its 4'-ethyl derivative, N-methyl-5-phenylazoindoline, and N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene in the rat. AB - Ashby et al. (Carcinogenesis 1:1-7, 1980) have reported that 4-N pyrrolidinylazobenzene is a powerful toxin and transforming agent in BHK cells. They have also proposed a scheme for the prediction of carcinogenic activity which is based on structural analysis of this and other compounds, including N methyl-5-phenylazoindoline, tested in their BHK system. Contrary to their prediction, we found that 4-N-pyrrolidinylazobenzene and N-methyl-5 phenylazoindoline were not carcinogenic when fed to adult rats under conditions where N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene induced a high incidence of hepatic carcinomas. 4'-Ethyl substitution of the pyrrolidine derivative yielded a weak carcinogen. These data suggest that complex structure-activity analyses for carcinogenic activity in this class of compounds are premature in the absence of data on whole animals. The transformation of BHK cells appears to require further validation as a predictor of the carcinogenic activity of chemicals for animals. PMID- 6791850 TI - Carcinogenicity of 3'-hydroxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene in rat liver. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a cube diet containing 2.51 mmol/kg 3' hydroxymethyl-N,N-dimethyl-4-aminoazobenzene (3'-CH2OH-DAB) for a period of 1 or 3 months. (This is the molar equivalent of 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB in the diet). The oral administration of 3'-CH2OH-DAB for 3 months resulted in a high incidence of liver tumors at 6 months and the 1 month feeding also caused the development of liver tumors. Histologically, the tumors were cholangiocellular carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas. The development of tumors in other sites was not seen. Consequently, 3'-CH2OH-DAB, a recently identified metabolite of 3'-Me-DAB, is a potent hepatocarcinogen. PMID- 6791851 TI - Fluorescence spectra of nucleoside-hydrocarbon adducts formed in mouse skin treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - Hydrolysates of DNA that had been isolated from mouse skin treated with 3H labelled 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were subjected to chromatography on Sephadex LH20 columns and 3H-labelled products that eluted in the region expected for nucleoside-hydrocarbon adducts were purified further by high pressure liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.). The fluorescence spectra of three major products that were resolved by this method were determined using photoncounting spectrophotofluorimetry. The fluorescence spectra of all three products were anthracene-like and similar to the spectra of nucleoside hydrocarbon adducts obtained from DNA that was incubated with 3,4-dihydro-3,4 dihydroxy-7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene 1,2-oxide (DMBA-3,4-diol 1,2-oxide). This is consistent with the idea that the metabolic activation of DMBA in mouse skin occurs through the formation of 'bayregion' diol-epoxides in the 1,2,3,4 ring. PMID- 6791852 TI - Influence of the rate of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene metabolic activation, in vivo, on its binding to epidermal DNA and skin carcinogenesis. AB - The effects of skin pretreatment of two strains of Swiss mice, NMRI and CF1, with beta-naphthoflavone on epidermal tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) have been studied. NMRI Swiss strain exhibits a natural high sensitivity to the carcinogenic effect of the hydrocarbon, and the pretreatment of mice be beta-naphthoflavone leads to a large decrease of the formation of tumors. In contrast, CF1 Swiss mice exhibit a very low sensitivity to the carcinogenic effect of DMBA and a dramatic increase of the tumorigenicity occurs when the animals are pretreated by the inducer. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in skin homogenates of control and differently induced NMRI and CF1 mice has been measured and compared to (a) the kinetics of disappearance of [3H]DMBA from skin in control and beta-naphthoflavone-treated mice and (b) the kinetics of the covalent binding of the radioactive hydrocarbon to skin epidermal DNA (in control an beta-naphthoflavone-treated mice). The comparison between these three parameters and the tumorigenicity experiments seem to indicate that an optimal rate of DMBA metabolic activation exists which corresponds to a high level of skin tumors correlated with DNA binding of the polycyclic hydrocarbon. These data might explain some conflicting results which have been reported on the effect of inducers of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylases on tumor induction by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. PMID- 6791853 TI - Differences in aflatoxin B1-susceptibility of rat and mouse are correlated with the capability in vitro to inactivate aflatoxin B1-epoxide. PMID- 6791854 TI - Effects of activated aflatoxin B1 and caffeine on DNA replicon initiation in HeLa cells. AB - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated by a rat microsomal extract (S-9) to form a product that inhibits DNA synthesis in HeLa cells. At 10(-7) M, AFB1 inhibited initiation of replicons, as shown in alkaline sucrose gradient profiles 30 min after incubation with the drug. Ninety minutes later, the profile of treated cells was similar to that of control, but 4 h later there was another effect on replicon initiation. At 10(-6) M, the inhibition of initiation was greater than at 10(-7) M and increased progressively. Four hours after removal of the drug, the gradient profile showed low amounts of radioactivity in all size classes of DNA. When cells were incubated in medium containing caffeine (2mM) even as late as 60 min after incubation with AFB1, the inhibition of replicon initiation was prevented. If caffeine was later removed from the medium, replicon initiation was then inhibited. At 10(-7) M or 10(-6) M, AFB1 had little immediate effect on chain elongation, but at 10(-5) M, the gradient profiles showed an accumulation of low molecular weight DNA molecules, with no radioactivity in the region of high molecular weight DNA, owing to a block to chain elongation; this was not affected by caffeine. These results suggest that AFB1 induces damage that changes the conformation of chromatin so that initiation of new replicons cannot occur; in the presence of caffeine this change does not occur and DNA replication is not inhibited. PMID- 6791855 TI - Time course of oxidative benz[a]anthracene metabolism by liver microsomes of normal and PCB-treated rats. AB - The time course for the oxidative metabolism of benz[a]anthracene by liver microsomes of normal, 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-(TCBP) and polychlorinated biphenyl-(PCB) treated rats has been investigated. These are shown not to be linear in all cases. In normal microsomes the 10,11-dihydrodiol is the main metabolite, followed by the 5,6- and 8,9-dihydrodiols. Secondary metabolism, i.e. formation of dihydrodiol epoxides, is observed only after 5 min. In contrast, TCBP microsomes produced predominantly the 5,6-dihydrodiol followed by the 8,9 dihydrodiol, whereas the formation of the 10,11-dihydrodiol is suppressed. Metabolism deriving from oxidation of the 5,6-position is increased 15-20 fold; again secondary metabolites occur between the 5th and 10th min of incubation. Gas chromatography and mass spectra data suggests the formation of the ultimate carcinogen, 3,4-dihydroxy-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrobenz[a]anthracene, as concluded from detection of its rearrangement product, the 2,3,4-triol. In PCB treated rats secondary metabolism is observed within 2.5 min. 5,6-Oxidation is increased 27 fold, 8,9-oxidation 10 fold, but 10,11-oxidation is completely suppressed. The above-mentioned ultimate carcinogen is also formed. Moreover, a series of tetrols is detected. Optimum incubation times dependent on the problem under study are discussed. PMID- 6791856 TI - Anticarcinogenic effect of selenium in rats treated with dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and fed different levels and types of fat. AB - The present investigation reports the effect of selenium supplementation on 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed either a 5% or a 25% corn oil diet. A reduction in tumorigenesis in both groups was observed with 2.5 p.p.m. of dietary selenium. Selenium supplementation also inhibited the development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules in the mammary gland subsequent to DMBA treatment. In addition, the appearance of mammary neoplasia was reduced by selenium in rats fed a high-saturated fat diet (coconut oil), indicating that the type of fat consumed did not influence the antitumorigenic effectiveness of selenium. The lack of a correlation between the anticarciongenic efficacy of selenium and its ability to suppress lipid peroxidation in the mammary tissue of rats fed either a high-saturated fat or a high-unsaturated fat diet suggests that the inhibitory action of selenium is probably not mediated by its antioxidant function in lipid metabolism PMID- 6791857 TI - Selenium-mediated inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mouse mammary tumorigenesis. AB - The effect of supplemental selenium on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a] anthracene (DMBA) induced mammary tumorigenesis was investigated in several mouse strains. Selenium, administered as SeO2 in the drinking water, inhibited mammary tumor formation in DMBA-treated (C57BL x DBA/2f)F1, C3H/StWi and BALB/c female mice. In addition, selenium inhibited the occurrence of DMBA-induced ductal hyperplasias in (C57BL x DBA/2f)F1 and BALB/c mice and mammary tumour virus-induced alveolar hyperplasias in BALB/cfC3H mice. Selenium did not alter the growth of established mammary tumors. These results demonstrate that supplemental selenium inhibits both chemical-and viral-induced mouse mammary tumorigenesis, and secondly, that the development of preneoplastic lesions, an early stage in mammary tumorigenesis, is very sensitive to selenium-mediated inhibition. PMID- 6791858 TI - Mechanism of the resistance to cytotoxicity which precedes aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 6791859 TI - Tumorigenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, its hydroxymethylated derivatives and selected dihydrodiols in the newborn mouse. AB - The newborn mouse lung adenoma model has been shown to be a sensitive test for studying the tumorigenicity of bay region diol epoxides and their precursor dihydrodiols. When a total dose of 28 nmol of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) or its derivatives was injected i.p. into the preweaning mice, it was found that the 3,4-dihydrodiols of both DMBA and 7-hydroxymethyl-12 methylbenz[a]anthracene caused 13.3 and 4.1 times more lung adenomas than DMBA, respectively. The mice treated with the 5,6- and 8,9-dihydrodiols of DMBA, 7 hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[a]anthracene and its 5,6- and 8,9- and 10,11 dihydrodiols, 7-methyl-12-hydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene and 7,12 dihydroxymethylbenz[a]anthracene developed a level of lung adenomas/mouse less than 2-fold higher than that found in the DMSO-treated control group. Liver tumors also developed in some of the mice. The percentage of mice with liver tumors also indicated that the 3,4-dihydrodiols of both DMBA and 7-hydroxymethyl 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene were more tumorigenic than DMBA itself. These data indicate that the 3,4-dihydrodiols of both DMBA and its 7-hydroxymethyl derivative may be proximate carcinogenic metabolites of DMBA in the newborn mouse. PMID- 6791860 TI - Selenium and the genesis of murine mammary tumors. AB - One hundred forty-seven female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups and at 60 days of age were treated i.g. with 5 mg of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) suspended in 1.0 ml of sesame oil. Selenium (Se), as selenium dioxide (SeO2), was administered in the drinking water to 4 of the 5 groups (30 rats/group) at 2 doses (2 and 4 mg/l) from 30-90 days of age (series 1) and from 90-150 days of age (series 2) prior to the onset of palpable mammary tumors. One group of rats (27 rats) served as controls. All rats were palpated weekly for mammary tumors and sacrificed 28 weeks after DMBA treatment. Total number of palpable mammary carcinomas which developed in each group were: controls, 60; series 1, 2 mg Se dose, 27, 4 mg Se dose, 29; series 2, 2 mg Se dose, 24, 4 mg Se dose, 32. Each dose level of Se in each series significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the incidence of mammary carcinomas. These results provided evidence that Se can inhibit the early promoting phases of polycyclic hydrocarbon induced mammary carcinogenesis in female rats. Two hundred twenty-six nulliparous and 99 multiparous GR mice were treated daily with estrogen and progesterone for 13-16 weeks. Se (SeO2) was administered in the drinking water (2 mg/l) to one-half of these mice. Total number of mammary carcinomas in control nulliparous and multiparous mice were 119 and 90, respectively; in Se treated nulliparous and multiparous mice, 113 and 81, respectively. Se did not significantly effect mammary carcinoma incidence in hormone treated nulliparous and multiparous GR mice. PMID- 6791861 TI - Minor products from the reaction of (+) and (-) benzo[a]-pyrene-anti-diolepoxide with DNA. AB - The reaction of trans-7,8-dihydroxy-anti-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-diolepoxide) with deoxyguanosine has been studied. In addition to the expected N2-guanine derivative minor products resulting from reaction at the O6 and 7-positions have been identified. Reaction of racemic, (+) or (-) BP-diolepoxide with [14C] and [3H]purine labelled DNA allowed these same products to be identified and their yields estimated. It was found that the O6 and 7-guanine products were derived mainly from reaction of the (-)isomer. The 7 substituted guanine derivative in DNA was unstable, undergoing either spontaneous release of the substituted guanine or imidazole ring opening. PMID- 6791862 TI - Effects of hypoxia on the closing pressure of the canine systemic arterial circulation. AB - We studied the relationships among closing pressure (Pc) and indices of systemic arterial resistance (Ra) and compliance (Ca) during hypoxic hypoxia (HH) and carbon monoxide hypoxia (COH) in anesthetized dogs with cardiac bypass and constant ventilation. Closing pressure was measured as the lowest level to which arterial pressure (Pa) fell after inflow to the arterial bed was reduced suddenly to zero. Since the fall of Pa to Pc could be well-described as a single exponential function of time and since Pc was always greater than outflow (venous) pressure. Ra and CA were determined by applying a "vascular waterfall" model to the arterial bed. During HH, Pc increased while Ra and Ca decreased. During COH, Pc and Ra decreased, but Ca did not change. The Pc results indicate that during HH, but not COH, a large portion of the systemic arterial bed experienced a marked increase in vasomotor tone, a qualitative difference that would have been missed if Pc had not been measured. The relationship among Pc, Ra, and Ca during hypoxia suggest these indices may have been determined largely by different portions of the arterial bed in which tone changed independently. PMID- 6791863 TI - Surgical grand rounds. Neck dissection: current status and future possibilities. PMID- 6791864 TI - Penicillin in acute otitis media: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. AB - The effect of peroral penicillin-V (55 mg/kg/day in 7 days) on acute otitis media was studied in 149 children between the ages of 1 and 10 years in a double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation. The parameters of the disease employed were symptom scores for earache, fever and common cold, the use of analgetics, otoscopy, as well as tympanometry. The children were followed-up for 3 months. Penicillin had no effect on fever and common cold, but earache was significantly reduced on the 2nd day of treatment. The acute course of the disease was satisfactory in 69% of the children in the placebo group and in 86% in the penicillin group. In patients with pneumococci or haemolytic streptococci in the nasopharynx, the pain disappeared after 1-2 doses of penicillin, whereas the treatment had no effect in children with Haemophilus influenzae. There was no difference between the penicillin and the placebo groups with regard to the results of otoscopy and tympanometry after 1 week, 1 month and 3 months. No serious complications were observed. It is concluded that an attitude of "masterly inactivity" with regard to the treatment of acute otitis media is justifiable, provided sufficient analgesic treatment is given and also that the patient can be closely followed. As there are still many unanswered questions more controlled investigations are warranted. PMID- 6791865 TI - Familial deficiency of C5 in humans: intact but deficient alternative complement pathway activity. PMID- 6791866 TI - Specific modalities of therapy for inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. PMID- 6791867 TI - Variability of exercise performance during long-term placebo treatment. AB - Although exercise testing is commonly used to determine the efficacy of antianginal drugs, there is little information on the effect of frequent exposure to such testing over periods of long as 6 mo. In or study 10 patients (four men and six women) with stable angina pectoris received placebo for 6 mo. Treadmill testing followed a modified Bruce protocol. All patients exercised to an end point of typical anginal pain and 1 mm or more of ST depression. The first treadmill test for diagnostic purposes was followed by testing every 2 wk for 6 mo. Sublingual nitroglycerin was permitted to abort attacks of angina. Parameters evaluated included heart rate, double product, and duration of exercise. There was no change in the maximal heart rate (mean = 109 at 2 wk and 112 at 6 mo) or double product (mean = 17,002 at 2 wk and 17,249 at 6 mo). On the other hand, duration increased (mean 7.8 min at two wk and 9.9 min at 6 mo). Thus, although treadmill testing showed reproducible measurements of maximal heart rate and double product over 6 mo, exercise duration increased progressively. PMID- 6791868 TI - A randomised trial to investigate X-prep, oral mannitol and colonic washout for double-contrast barium enema. AB - Three methods of bowel preparation used prior to double contrast barium enemas were compared by a randomised trial in 60 patients. Evaluation was by radiological review and from a patient questionnaire. The preparations included X Prep liquid with colonic washout, oral mannitol alone and oral mannitol with colonic washout. Adequacy of preparation as judged by faecal residue was significantly better after X-Prep than in either group receiving mannitol. The more severe purgation with mannitol did not result in better clearance of the large bowel and the addition of a colonic washout to mannitol did not reduce faecal residue. Side-effects and adverse comments were more common after mannitol. Diarrhoea was significantly less after X-Prep than after mannitol. PMID- 6791870 TI - Deprenyl does not cause insomnia in parkinsonian patients. PMID- 6791869 TI - Nutritional problems in gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 6791871 TI - Interictal personality and behavioral traits in temporal lobe and generalized epilepsy. AB - Fourteen patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 14 patients with primary generalized epilepsy (GE) were compared on a self-report questionnaire (Personal Inventory) which assesses 18 personality and behavioral traits hypothesized to characterize persons with TLE. Four traits (sense of personal destiny, dependence, paranoia, philosophical interest) were significantly elevated in the TLE group, thus lending some support to the notion of changes in behavior and thought which occur in TLE but not necessarily in other forms of epilepsy. PMID- 6791873 TI - Pseudocholinesterase--a clinical assessment. AB - Serum pseudocholinesterase (PC) levels were analyzed retrospectively against serum albumin, total lymphocyte count, and hematocrit using 4 to 15 data sets in 17 seriously ill surgical patients who received total parenteral alimentation for 4--21 days. A statistically significant correlation was found between PC and serum albumin but not between PC and total lymphocyte count or hematocrit. Low PC levels are found with acquired nutritional deprivation and in certain abnormal genetic states. When the use of succinylcholine is contemplated, PC levels should be measured in patients who have a low serum albumin or have an acquired nutritional deficiency. PMID- 6791872 TI - Dichotic monitoring as a test of hemispheric dominance in cases of epilepsy. AB - The predictive validity and reliability of a dichotic monitoring test of speech lateralization was assessed in four cases of epilepsy. Speech dominance was subsequently determined by both the intracarotid amylobarbitone test and the results of neurosurgery. On the patients tested, faster reaction times (RT) to target words in one ear was an accurate and consistent indication of contralateral hemispheric dominance. The variability in performance associated with epileptic disorders was reflected in the inconsistent ear differences obtained using target detection rates, however the RT measures yielded stable ear differences. PMID- 6791874 TI - Influence of hypercaloric glucose infusions on fuel economy in surgical patients: a review. PMID- 6791875 TI - Positive and negative contrast agents in CT evaluation of the abdomen and pelvis. AB - The oral administration of a dilute positive iodinated contrast agent such as 2% Gastrografin is usually necessary to achieve optimal delineation of abdominal and pelvic organs. The amount of contrast agent administered and the timing of its administration depends on the site of suspected disease within the body. The simultaneous administration of antiperistaltic agents intravenously is generally unnecessary when utilizing the modern fast CT scanners. However, contrast agent induced artifact may at times be troublesome, and we therefore suggest that lesions in the left lobe of the liver be scanned without positive contrast in the stomach. Negative contrast may also be useful in delineating disease: gas (carbon dioxide) has been shown to be useful in evaluating bladder tumors. We have also used air insufflation to facilitate the evaluation of small rectal tumors. Intravenous administration of contrast agent aids characterization of various disease entities and also facilitates the recognition of vascular structures (such as veins and arteries in the peripancreatic region). In our opinion both the infusion and bolus modes of contrast material administration have their place in the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic lesions by computed tomography. Newer techniques such as dynamic CT scanning will probably prove to be valuable both in delineating and characterizing disease. PMID- 6791876 TI - Porosity of human skin in vivo assessed via water loss, carbon dioxide loss and electrical impedance for healthy volunteers, atopic and psoriatic patients. PMID- 6791877 TI - Some new normal roentgen variants that may simulate disease. AB - Nature's Bounty in providing infinite variety in human development may be an anthropologist's delight but it makes for a radiologist's nightmare. We differ anatomically, not only interindividually, one from the other, but even intraindividually, in the symmetry of our own bodies. To the experienced radiologist such minor variations are often safely ignored or recognized as unimportant. There are, however, a variety of these entities that simulate pathologic processes and can lead to errors and needless diagnostic investigation. It is this type of variant that is of concern and requires documentation. This monograph presents an atlas of normal variants of this type that I have collected since the last edition of my book on this subject. These are examples of entities that I have encountered in my daily practice or that have been sent to me by other radiologists. The reader's familiarity with them will be a reflection of his/her own experience; at any rate each of these has been a source of concern and is therefore worthy of documentation. I wish to express my deep appreciation for the help of the many radiologists whose interest in the subject has permitted me to demonstrate many of the new entities shown here. PMID- 6791879 TI - A cyclic mechanism for excitation and adaptation. PMID- 6791878 TI - Sterol structure and membrane function. PMID- 6791880 TI - Endoscopic service for general practice. Organisation and experience. PMID- 6791881 TI - Circulating immune complexes in lung disease. PMID- 6791882 TI - Combined administration of nitroglycerin and propranolol to patients with acute myocardial infarction. AB - Hemodynamic effects of combined nitroglycerin and propranolol administration were investigated in patients with acute myocardial infarction. After nitroglycerin infusion decreased the mean arterial pressure by 20 mm Hg for one hour, nitroglycerin was continued, and patients were given 0.033 mg/kg of propranolol every five minutes for a total dose of 0.1 mg/kg, or until there was a decrease in heart rate to less than 60 beats/min, an increase in left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) to greater than 15 mm Hg, or a decrease in systolic arterial pressure to less than 85 mm Hg. Seven of eight patients with initial LVFP less than or equal to 15 mm Hg and three of seven with initial LVFP greater than 15 mm Hg received 0.1 mg/kg of propranolol. Propranolol significantly decreased heart rate. Although pressure time/minute decreased significantly, the magnitude of its decrease was small, suggesting only a minimal effect on myocardial oxygen demands. The LVFP increased after giving propranolol but remained less than the control value. Simultaneous administration of nitroglycerin likely prevented further increases, since LVFP increased after cessation of nitroglycerin infusion, and three patients subsequently had pulmonary edema. Propranolol administration resulted in a significant increase in peripheral vascular resistance and a decrease in cardiac output. PMID- 6791884 TI - Transcutaneous noninvasive monitoring of carbon dioxide tension. AB - We evaluated the accuracy of a new device for continuous noninvasive measurement of cutaneous PCO2. The Hewlett-Packard capnometer (model 47210/HA) works by means of an infrared transducer applied to the forearm over an area of skin that has been stripped of the stratum corneum. Capnometer transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (CPCO2) was compared with arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2) during 60 simultaneously obtained measurements in 13 hemodynamically stable patients. Each patient was studied for 1 1/2 to 5 hours, and a wide range of PaCO2 values (21 to 82 mm Hg) was represented. The data show a clinically significant relationship whereby PaCO2 = CPCO2 - 4.13, with a SE of +/- 2.19 mm Hg. Clinical usefulness of noninvasive cutaneous CO2 monitoring can be foreseen in patients whose ventilatory support is being tapered, in those with respiratory depression caused by various neuromuscular disorders, and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and acute respiratory failure. Our results indicate that continuous transcutaneous CPCO2 measurements are safe and accurate and strongly suggest that they can be of clinical usefulness in a select group of hemodynamically stable patients. PMID- 6791883 TI - Comparison of nadolol, a new long-acting beta-receptor blocking agent, and placebo in the treatment of stable angina pectoris. AB - Nadolol, a new nonselective beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic blocking agent, has a plasma half-life of 17 to 23 hours. We studied 37 volunteers with stable angina pectoris who had five or more episodes of pain per week and who also had a 1 mm or greater ST segment depression 80 msec past the J point during a Bruce protocol treadmill test. An eight-week placebo controlled run-in period preceded double blind randomization to nadolol administered once per day (17 patients) or identical appearing placebo for four weeks (20 patients), after which an exercise test was done. Diaries for pain episodes and nitroglycerin consumption were kept. Exercise tests were performed 24 hours after the last nadolol or placebo dose. Episodes of pain per week were reduced 59.8 percent after nadolol and 28.2 percent after placebo (P less than .01). Nitroglycerin consumption after nadolol was reduced 66.8 percent while after placebo it was reduced 36.2 percent (P less than .05). Resting and peak heart rates and peak rate-pressure products showed typical reductions due to beta-blockade 24 hours after nadolol compared with stability of these during placebo, all P less than .001. Exercise time after nadolol increased 42.2 percent, which was more than the 14.5 percent increase after placebo (P less than .05). Exercise work after nadolol increased 64.7 percent, greater than the 22 percent increase after placebo (P less than .05). Mean ST segment depression at end of exercise was little changed before and after treatment in both groups, reflecting consistency of effort. Improvement in symptoms and work capacity associated with nadolol significantly exceeded the placebo group responses. Unlike other available agents of this class, a single daily dose of nadolol produced therapeutically effective 24-hour beta-blockade in patients with disabling angina pectoris. PMID- 6791885 TI - Regional coronary flow and contraction after partial coronary obstruction. Comparative effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside. AB - Following partial coronary occlusion, the comparative effects of administration of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on aortic perfusion pressure, coronary flow, local tendon, and segmental length were assessed. Partial coronary occlusion decreased coronary flow from 78.9 +/- 5.0 ml/gm to 40.6 +/- 2.6 ml/100 gm and total tension to 76.9 +/- 5.6 percent of the control value. Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside improved total tension to a similar degree with a reduction of either 10 or 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure; however, when systolic pressure was reduced by 30 mm Hg, nitroglycerin decreased total tension slightly but insignificantly, while nitroprusside significantly decreased ischemic zone tension. Changes in segment length shortening paralleled changes in total tension. Thus, in the presence of partial coronary occlusion, both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside similarly affect coronary blood flow, total tension, and systolic shortening at a decrease of 10 and 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure; however, at a decrease of 30 mm Hg, both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside decrease total tension and systolic shortening. PMID- 6791886 TI - Clinical conference in pulmonary disease. Aspiration and occult esophageal disorders. PMID- 6791887 TI - Surgery in thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6791888 TI - Amaurotic family idiocy in china. PMID- 6791889 TI - Recent progress in studies of paragonimus and paragonimiasis control in China. PMID- 6791890 TI - Peripheral and autonomic nerve function tests in early diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy: correlation between motor nerve conduction velocity and fasting plasma glucose. PMID- 6791891 TI - Early treatment of diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6791892 TI - Some aspects of research on chronic bronchitis in China. PMID- 6791894 TI - Injectio Fructus Aurantii Immaturus in 100 pediatric septic shock cases. PMID- 6791893 TI - Human C-peptide in normal subjects and diabetics. PMID- 6791895 TI - Chronic cor pulmonale due to Schistosoma japonicum infection. PMID- 6791897 TI - Research on late stage schistosomiasis japonica immunology. PMID- 6791896 TI - Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6791898 TI - [The treatment of type III esophagal atresia. Retrospective study of an unitary statistical group (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791899 TI - Quantitative in situ hybridization reveals extent of sequence homology between related DNA sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Cloned DNA from the larval serum protein one (LSP-1) genes was hybridized to polytene chromosomes of D. melanogaster. The ratio of grains deposited over any two of the three LSP-1 genes with any one LSP-1 subunit probe was constant. Varying the gene dose of any one LSP-1 subunit relative to the others by up to six fold gave a linear relationship of grain ratios to gene ratios. We show that these constant ratios closely reflect the extent of sequence homology between the genes as determined by heteroduplex mapping (Smith et al., 1981) and thermal denaturation studies. The results obtained demonstrate that the LSP-1 subunit genes are present in equal copies in the genome. PMID- 6791900 TI - Characterization of macronuclear DNA in five species of ciliates. AB - Macronuclear DNA of four hypotrichous and one holotrichous ciliate species was characterized by biochemical techniques. The renaturation kinetics of the macronuclear DNAs of all five species were similar. Repetitive sequences occur only in an amount below 2%. Although the DNA content of the macronuclei of the species differs considerably, the kinetic complexity of the macronuclear DNA is rather uniform (around 3 x 10(10) daltons, i.e., 4-11 x the E. coli genome). Only in the macronuclei of the hypotrichous species the DNA exists as gene-sized fragments. PMID- 6791901 TI - Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Chromosome identification and kinetochore microtubule numbers during the first and second meiotic divisions in males. AB - Individual bivalents or chromosomes have been identified in Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes at metaphase I, anaphase I, metaphase II and anaphase II in electron micrographs of serial sections. Identification was based on a combination of chromosome volume analysis, bivalent topology, and kinetochore position. - Kinetochore microtubule numbers have been obtained for the identified chromosomes at all four meiotic stages. Average numbers in D. melanogaster are relatively low compared to reported numbers of other higher eukaryotes. There is no differences in kinetochore microtubule numbers within a stage despite a large (approximately tenfold) difference in chromosome volume between the largest and the smallest chromosome. A comparison between the two meiotic metaphases (metaphase I and metaphase II) reveals that metaphase I kinetochores possess twice as many microtubules as metaphase II kinetochores. - Other microtubules in addition to those that end on or penetrate the kinetochore are found in the vicinity of the kinetochore. These microtubules penetrate the chromosome rather than the kinetochore proper and are more numerous at metaphase I than at the other division stages. PMID- 6791902 TI - Flow fluorometric study of DNA content in nonproliferative Euglena gracilis cells and during proliferation. AB - Ethanol-fixed Euglena gracilis cells have been analyzed by flow microfluorometry during the lag, logarithmic and stationary phases. The histogram of a plateau stage culture reveals, as expected, an unimodal distribution, but the peak is at lower fluorescence intensity as compared to G1 logarithmic cells. The fluorescence intensity drops as the cells enter the stationary stage. Ultimately the decrease represents a change of about 25%. When cells recover from the plateau stage, the fluorescence intensity increases during the lag phase, and climbs to the level found in a G1 logarithmic population. The reason for the decrease in the fluorescence intensity during the stationary stage may be due to a possible loss of DNA or to a decrease in the number of chromatin-binding sites for intercalating ethidium bromide. PMID- 6791903 TI - Effects on the endocrine system of drugs used in treating the ethanol withdrawal syndrome: a survey. PMID- 6791904 TI - The use of a hand-held programmable calculator in performing neonatal parenteral nutrition solution calculations. PMID- 6791905 TI - Prediction of the stability of meclofenoxate injection in parenteral admixtures. AB - A new method for predicting pharmaceutical stability in parenteral admixtures was studied using meclofenoxate hydrochloride injection as a model preparation. The pH and temperature of clinical parenteral admixtures are not constant, unlike experimental buffer solutions, and it is impossible to predict the accurate degradation ratio by the preceding method described by many authors. This study provides a solution to this problem making possible the accurate prediction of degradation ratios of pharmaceuticals even in such complicated systems. PMID- 6791906 TI - [Diphtheria and tetanus antibodies in children and young adults (author's transl)]. AB - Diphtheria and tetanus antibodies were determined in a random sample of 635 test persons of 1 to 25 years of age via the passive haemagglutination test. Using sera and immunoglobulins standardized for protective capacity, titres were expressed as international units (IU). Titres greater than or equal to 0.01 IU/ml diphtheria antitoxin were detected in 96% of children (1-17 years, n = 70), in 79% of adults aged 18-22 (n = 397), in 68% of adults aged 23-25 (n = 168); tetanus antitoxin was found in 96% of children and 90% of adults. 9% of the males between 18 and 22 years of age had no detectable tetanus antibodies before of the same age had no tetanus antibodies. Safe protection (greater than or equal to 0.1 IU/ml) against diphtheria may be expected in 56% of children and in 35% of adults only, against tetanus in 86% and 75%, respectively. 25% of all test persons had excessive tetanus titres (greater than or equal to 10 IU/ml). PMID- 6791907 TI - Follicular growth, ovulatory phenomena and ventromedial nucleus lesions in the rat. AB - Small ventromedial nucleus lesions were placed in 4-day cyclic female rats in order to determine whether cycle lengthening - previously observed in some females following such lesions - could result from changes in follicular growth. A slowing up in follicle development was observed in lesioned females with a 24 hour cycle lengthening as compared to those with a maintained 4-day cyclicity. Similarly, natural 5-day cyclers displayed slower follicular growth than natural 4-day cyclers. A rebound effect in follicular growth was observed on proestrus in either natural or VMN lesioned 5-day cyclers compared to either natural or VMN lesioned 4-day cyclers. Concomitantly blood FSH level appeared to be higher on proestrus morning and afternoon in 5-day than in 4-day cyclers. The pattern of LH release differed between natural 4-day and natural 5-day cyclers on proestrus at 17:00-19:00 h. LH release appeared to be delayed by one hour in VMN lesioned rats with 24 hour cycle lengthening as compared to natural 5-day cyclers. The duration of LH release in VMN-lesioned rats with a maintained 4-day cyclicity was shorter than in natural 4-day cyclers. PMID- 6791908 TI - Failure to demonstrate a significant influence of ovarian maturity on the onset of puberty in female rats. AB - Ovaries of 23- and 35-day-old rats were transplanted under the kidney capsules of 31- and 23-day-old females, respectively. The recipient rats were ovariectomized on the fourth day after transplantation, and the onset of puberty was recorded. Neither the age and body weight at vaginal opening and first ovulation nor the length of the first ovarian cycle differed significantly between the experimental rats and sham-transplanted or untreated controls. Estimation of the serum FSH an LH concentrations before and after ovariectomy provided no evidence that different gonadotropic responses had masked puberty-delaying or puberty-advancing effects of the implanted immature and prepuberal ovaries, respectively. The results suggest that the developmental stage of the ovaries is not a decisive factor in the control of the onset of female puberty. PMID- 6791909 TI - Influence of neonatal ovariectomy on the developmental patterns of serum gonadotropins, hypothalamic LH-RH concentration and organ weights in female rats. PMID- 6791910 TI - Response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of rat lactotrophs and somatotrophs deprived of hypothalamic control. AB - Intrasellar and ectopic lactotrophs and somatotrophs of intact and hypophysectomized rats were studied by histology, immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy and ultrastructural morphometry after 2 weeks of TRH treatment. Both ectopic lactotrophs and somatotrophs of hypophysectomized rats showed subcellular changes indicative of stimulation following TRH treatment. Ultrastructural morphometry revealed that in these ectopic lactotrophs, nuclear volume density decreased, while that of Golgi region and forming granules increased. Similar but less striking morphometric findings were noted in somatotrophs of this group and the intrasellar lactotrophs of treated nongrafted rats. Intrasellar somatotrophs showed increased nuclear volume density and reduced Golgi region volume density, following TRH administration. Ectopic lactotrophs and somatotrophs of intact animals were least responsive to treatment. These results indicate that both ectopic lactotrophs and somatotrophs of hypophysectomized rats are more sensitive to the stimulatory effects of TRH than those of intact animals. PMID- 6791911 TI - Ion transport by canine tracheal mucosa: effect of elevation of cellular calcium. AB - Calcium is considered to be modulator of paracellular shunt pathway as well as several cell functions such as ion transport. We used calcium ionophore A23187 to study effect of mobilization of calcium on chloride and sodium transport in canine tracheal epithelium. This epithelium secretes Cl and absorbs Na under short-circuit conditions. Sheets of canine tracheal mucosa were mounted in chambers, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit solution at 37 degrees C and oxygenated. Unidirectional fluxes of 22Na and 36Cl were measured in matched paired mucosae under short-circuit conditions. Net flux of each ion was calculated from these unidirectional fluxes, before and after addition of A23187 (10(-6) M) to submucosal bath. Short-circuit current and potential difference were measured. From these values conductance was calculated. Initially, short-circuit current, potential difference, and conductance were 31 +/- 8 microA/cm(2), 26 +/- 4 mV, and 1.2 +/- 0.2 mS/cm(2), respectively, and increased significantly after A23187 to 76 +/- 20 microA/cm(2), 41 +/- 5 mV, and 1.8 +/- 0.4 mS/cm(2), respectively (mean +/- SE for 10 tissues). Net Cl secretion increased from 0.83 +/- 0.23 muEq/cm(2) hr to 2.84 +/- 0.38 muEq/cm(2) hr (P less than .002) and net Na absorption of 0.50 +/- 0.14 muEq/cm(2) hr was abolished (P less than .02). These data show that increase in cellular levels of calcium increases chloride secretion and abolishes sodium transport. Intracellular calcium appears to regulate cell membrane permeability to chloride and sodium.U PMID- 6791912 TI - Regulation of intracytoplasmic pH and "apparent" intracellular pH in alveolar macrophages. AB - An approach for determining the permeability of cell and subcell membranes to H+/HCO3- has been applied to alveolar macrophages. The approach uses analysis of substrate ratios which are compartment specific and involved in pH-dependent reactions. By determining the changes in substrate pair ratios produced by perturbations of CO2, the effects of intracellular acidosis and alkalosis can be determined. By measuring substrate pair ratios at a constant PCO2 and variable H+/HCO3- it is possible to determine the permeability of the macrophage plasma membrane to these ions qualitatively. Measurements of intracellular lactate/pyruvate ratios showed that the alveolar macrophage plasma membrane is permeable to H+/HCO3-. Previous studies have shown that alveolar macrophages are freely permeable to Cl-. pHi was determined from measurements of pHe and Cli-/Cle following changes of external PCO2 at a constant HCO3- concentration and following changes in pHe produced by changes of external HCO3- concentration at a constant PCO2. The data show that the relationship between pHi and Phe is: pHi = 0.973 pHe - 0.027 (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). Thus at pHe = 7.40, macrophage intracellular pHi = 7.17. Alveolar macrophages appear to be permeable to H+/HCO3- and thus resemble erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes and not brain and muscle cells. PMID- 6791913 TI - Aneuploidy patterns in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - By using an appropriate scheme, various combinations of losses and gains of chromosomes I and II arising in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster were obtained. The frequencies of these combinations can be arranged as special sequences or patterns which we call "aneuploidy patterns." Aneuploidy patterns were established for spontaneous, colchicine-induced, and X-ray-induced exceptions and were shown to be highly specific for the agent tested. Such patterns can be obtained very quickly, because only exceptional progeny survive. By establishing aneuploidy patterns for chemical agents one would get information of the "aneuploidizing" action of the compounds tested. PMID- 6791914 TI - A further note on the utility of the excision repair-deficient mei-9a females of Drosophila melanogaster in detecting chromosome breakage induced by procarbazine in male germ cells. PMID- 6791915 TI - Chemistry of carcinogenic metals. AB - The periodic distribution of known and suspected carcinogenic metal ions is described, and the chemical behavior of various types of metal ions is explained in terms of the general theory of hard and soft acids and bases. The chelate effect is elucidated, and the relatively high stability of metal chelates in very dilute solutions is discussed. The concepts employed for the chelate effect are extended to explain the high stabilities of macrocyclic and cryptate complexes. Procedures for the use of equilibrium data to determine the speciation of metal ions and complexes under varying solution conditions are described. Methods for assessing the interferences by hydrogen ion, competing metal ions, hydrolysis, and precipitation are explained, and are applied to systems containing iron(III) chelates of fourteen chelating agents designed for effective binding of the ferric ion. The donor groups available for the building up of multidentate ligands are presented, and the ways in which they may be combined to achieve high affinity and selectivity for certain types of metal ions are explained. PMID- 6791916 TI - Chelating agents in biological systems. AB - Chelation enables metals to be transported to or from vulnerable target sites, and to hinder or facilitate their carcinogenic potential. In the reverse sense, metals are capable of ligand scavenging via complexation or mixed complex formation--the latter being the result of interaction with binary complexes. Consequently, metal complexes can be utilized for the transport of selected organic chemotherapeutic drugs to target organs, or for the decorporation of those toxic organic compounds which are able, before or after metabolic activation, of reacting with metals or 1:1 metal complexes. It is emphasized that the degree to which metal ions interact in vivo should employ the conditional constants which take into account competition from other ions, especially Ca2+, H+, and OH-. The genotoxic consequences of the various chemical factors involved in chelation, along with examples: kinetics, stabilization of oxoidation states, lipophilicity, and mixed ligand formation, are discussed. PMID- 6791917 TI - Sperm shape abnormalities in carbaryl-exposed employees. AB - Semen was collected from 50 men occupationally exposed to carbaryl (1-naphthyl methyl carbamate) in a produciton plant for durations of 1 to 18 years and compared to semen from a control group of 34 unexposed, newly-hired workers. Employment, fertility, health, personal data, and blood samples were collected for each individual. Semen samples were analyzed for changes in sperm count, morphology, and frequency of sperm carrying double flourescent bodies (YFF). As a group, the exposed workers showed a significantly higher proportion of sperm with abnormal head shapes than did the control group (p < 0.005). Age, smoking habits, and medical problems did not appear to affect this result. This finding appears to be limited to men working in the carbaryl production area at the time of sampling. Sperm count and YFF did not show similar differences, which may be because they are known to be statistically less sensitive to small changes. Formerly exposed workers (away from carbaryl for an average of 6.3 years) showed a marginally significant elevation in sperm abnormalities compared to controls (p < .05, one-tailed statistical analyses) suggesting that the increase in abnormal morphology may not be reversible. However, the question of reversibility is sensitive to confounding factors and small sample sizes and, therefore, requires further study. With these data a definitive link between carbaryl exposure and human seminal defects cannot be established. Although a distinct effect on sperm morphology was seen in the exposed group, the increases in sperm shape abnormalities were not related to exposure dose (estimated by number of years on the job or job classification during the year prior to semen collection). Inexplicably, the increases in sperm abnormalities were seen primarily in currently exposed men who had worked with carbaryl for less than approximately 6 years. These findings suggest the need for further study since other workplace related factor(s) may be responsible for the elevated sperm abnormalities seen in this study. PMID- 6791918 TI - Antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity in chemical-induced rat pancreas and colon cancer. PMID- 6791919 TI - The inhibition of PMN beta-glucuronidase release by Aroclor 1254. PMID- 6791920 TI - Enzyme changes during experimental silicotic fibrosis. II. Intermediary metabolism enzymes of the lungs. PMID- 6791922 TI - Displacement of the human apoprotein A-I by the human apoprotein A-II from complexes of (apoprotein A-I)-phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol. AB - Reassembly experiments, involving isolated human apoproteins A-I and A-II and (dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine)-cholesterol vesicles were performed with apoprotein mixtures at apoprotein A-I/A-II molar ratios varying between 0 and 3. The apoproteins were incubated at 24 degrees C. 28 degrees C and 32 degrees C with either pure dimyristoyl-glycerophosphocholine vesicles or with dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine cholesterol vesicles containing 2, 5, 10, 15 mol/100 mol cholesterol. The kinetics of association were followed by measuring the increase of the fluorescence polarization ratio after labeling the lipids with diphenyl hexatriene. The complexes were separated from the free protein by gradient ultracentrifugation. Total protein was assayed and the apoproteins A-I and A-II were quantified separately by immunonephelometry. The content of apoprotein A-I was also monitored by measuring the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. The results suggest that apoprotein A-II has a greater affinity than apoprotein A-I for the phospholipid-cholesterol vesicles and that apoprotein A-II is able to quantitatively displace apoprotein A-I from the lipid-protein complexes. The content of apoprotein A-II in the complexes increases proportionally to the concentration of apoprotein A-II in the incubation mixture until saturation is reached. At saturation the dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine/apoprotein A-II ratio in the complex is dependent upon the cholesterol content of the original vesicles and increases from 60 to 275 mol/mol between 0 and 15 mol/100 mol cholesterol. From these experiments one can calculate that 1 mol human apoprotein A-I is displaced by 2 mol human apoprotein A-II. PMID- 6791923 TI - Compositional heterogeneity of the chloroplast DNAs from Euglena gracilis and Spinacia oleracea. AB - The chloroplast genomes of Euglena gracilis and Spinacia oleracea were investigated in their compositional heterogeneity, by using different experimental approaches. Euglena chloroplast DNA has a dG + dC content of 28%. Preparations averaging 20 x 10(6) in molecular weight exhibit a gross heterogeneity in their elution profiles from hydroxyapatite and in their buoyant densities because the rRNA genes have a high rG + rC content. Finer analysis by melting, buoyant density of restriction fragments and micrococcal nuclease degradation have revealed an extended compositional heterogeneity. From micrococcal nuclease digestion data, approximately 30% of the chloroplast genome is as low as 12% in its dG + dC content, whereas 10% is higher than 60% dG + dC. Since the average dG + dC content of large restriction endonuclease fragments varied to a lesser extent, most of dA + dT-rich sequences must occur in short stretches interspersed with dG + dC-rich stretches. Spinach chloroplast DNA (dG + dC = 36.5%) did not exhibit any gross compositional heterogeneity in its hydroxyapatite elution or in its buoyant density profile. But the higher resolution methods of melting, bouyant densities of restriction fragments and micrococcal nuclease degradation revealed a high degree of heterogeneity which appears to be due to interspersion of short DNA stretches of different base composition. About 30% of genome is as low as 22% in dG + dC, while 10% is higher than 60% in dG + dC. PMID- 6791924 TI - Treatment of stable angina pectoris with verapamil hydrochloride: a double blind cross-over study. PMID- 6791925 TI - Nitroglycerin and afterload: effects of aortic compliance and capacity of the Windkessel. PMID- 6791926 TI - Normoprolactinemia in boys with marked gynecomastia. PMID- 6791927 TI - Pulsatile secretion of gonadotropins in early infancy. AB - In adults, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are secreted in a pulsatile manner. Prior to puberty gonadotropin (GN) levels are low and show only small fluctuations. The following investigation was performed to elucidate the type of GN secretion in infants. LH and FSH were determined every 30 min over a period of 8 h in three different groups: Group 1:2 male and 2 female adults; Groups 2:2 male and 2 female prepubertal children; Group 3:3 male and 3 female infants, aged 6-12 weeks. Group 1 showed a clear pulsatile secretion of LH (4.5-23.5 mIU/ml [range]) and FSH (6.9-16.0 mIU/ml). Group 2 demonstrated a rather constant secretion of LH (less than 1.5-2.3 mIU/ml) and FSH (1.6-4.9 mIU/ml). Group 3: In male infants pulsatile secretion of LH (3.6-34.7 mIU/ml)- and to a lesser degree of FSH (1.8-4.6 mIU/ml)--were found. In female infants the pulsatile secretion of FSH (6.5-22.7 mIU/ml) was more pronounced than that of LH (less than 1.5-4.7 mIU/ml). The secretory pattern in early infancy is of a pulsatile type. PMID- 6791928 TI - Staphylocidal defect of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in a patient with leprechaunism. PMID- 6791929 TI - Metabolism of pinazepam by rat liver microsomes. AB - The pathways by which pinazepam and diazepam are metabolized by rat microsomes in vitro were studied in detail. Using a gas chromatographic technique to measure either the two parent compounds or their metabolites, it was demonstrated that pinazepam and diazepam were metabolized through the same pathways, but at different rates. Pinazepam was mainly N-dealkylated, while the C3-hydroxylation was a minor metabolic pathway. Diazepam was mostly C3-hydroxylated, with very little being N-demethylated. The different rats for the two metabolic pathways could be of importance in differentiating the action of the two drugs in vivo. PMID- 6791930 TI - Pharmacological principles in the long-term treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 6791931 TI - Immunological findings in epileptic and febrile convulsion patients before and under treatment. AB - Serum immunoglobulin levels of 86 epileptic patients have been evaluated in order to investigate the relationship between epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs and humoral immunity. The results confirm a high incidence of immunological disorders in the epileptic and febrile convulsion patients. These abnormalities were not related to clinical type of epilepsy nor to the therapy; the common feature seems the early onset of seizures and antiepileptic treatment. PMID- 6791932 TI - Fibronectin and its role in connective tissue diseases. PMID- 6791933 TI - Luminal secretion of prostaglandins in the human gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6791934 TI - Role of the liver in the degradation of very low density lipoproteins: a study of lipolysis by heparin releasable liver lipase and uptake during isolated rat liver perfusion. AB - The role of the liver and of a heparin-releasable liver lipase in the metabolism of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was investigated in vitro and during recycling rat liver perfusion. Rat plasma VLDL and nascent hepatic VLDL were labelled biosynthetically in their lipid moieties. Incubation in vitro of VLDL with the lipase caused hydrolysis of VLDL-triglycerides (greater than 80%) and VLDL-phosphatidylcholine (greater than 30%). Nascent VLDL was a better substrate for the enzyme. The hydrolytic activities were inhibited by 70--90% when rat plasma (10--30 vol%) was added to the incubation mixture. VLDL-triglycerides and cholesterol esters were taken up by the liver during 180 min recycling perfusion. The rate of disappearance of nascent VLDL was faster than that of plasma VLDL (half-life times of 56.2 +/- 13.9 and 125.0 +/- 24.8 min respectively). Injection of heparin into the perfusion medium caused accelerated uptake of the hydrolysed VLDL-triglyceride by the liver. Addition of plasma (d greater than 1.006 g/ml) to the perfusion at a concentration of 10 vol% delayed the rate of disappearance of VLDL from the perfusate by about 50--75%. These studies have established the capacity of the hepatic lipase to hydrolyse VLDL-lipids and the ability of the liver to degrade nascent and plasma VLDL particles. These two activities, however, are depressed by plasma and therefore previous studies of VLDL metabolism may have to be re-examined when based on incubations or perfusions in the absence of plasma. PMID- 6791935 TI - Quantitative liver function and morphology after paracetamol administration to rats. AB - The functional status of the liver after paracetamol administration to rats was dissociated with regard to cytosolic and microsomal functions. The cytosolic function, measured as galactose elimination capacity, was unchanged even after high doses of paracetamol. The microsomal function, measured as the prothrombin time, was reversibly decreased to a minimum 12 h after paracetamol administration and showed dose dependence. The structural changes of the liver cells were centrilobular necroses and dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum. They were most marked 36 h after paracetamol and were not correlated to the functional impairment. We conclude that during acute paracetamol induced liver damage to rats different functions of the liver are unequally influenced and that the structural changes occur later than the functional ones. The paracetamol intoxicated rat is a promising model for further investigation of dissociation of subcellular functions during acute liver damage. PMID- 6791936 TI - Responses to salmon calcitonin in chronic renal failure: relation to histological and biochemical indices of bone turnover. AB - Twenty-one patients with chronic renal failure and bone disease or hypercalcaemia were studied before and following single (twenty patients) or repeated (fourteen patients) intravenous injection of synthetic salmon calcitonin. Significant correlations were noted before treatment between bone surfaces occupied by osteoblasts or osteoclasts and plasma levels of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase and hydroxyproline. Following a single injection of 2--200 i.u. salmon calcitonin, plasma levels of calcium and phosphate fell for 6- 8 h, but rose subsequently to pre-injection levels at 24 h. The magnitude and duration of the hypocalcaemic response was not clearly dose-dependent, but correlated with measured indices of bone cell activity. Repeated administration of calcitonin (10--200 i.u. thrice weekly for up to 2 months) lowered plasma calcium in the majority of patients and restored plasma calcium to normal in four previously hypercalcaemic patients. Mean levels of alkaline phosphatase increased but no significant changes in plasma phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone and calcitonin, or hydroxyproline occurred. Calcium absorption (six studies) did not change during treatment. We conclude that synthetic salmon calcitonin is an effective short-term inhibitor of bone resorption in patients with chronic renal failure. Its use as a possible treatment for hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroid bone disease in chronic renal failure is discussed. PMID- 6791937 TI - Clofibrate treatment and bile cholesterol saturation: short-term and long-term effects and influence of combination with chenodeoxycholic acid. AB - In order to determine whether the clofibrate-induced increase in bile cholesterol saturation is transitory, duodenal bile samples were analysed from sixteen hyperlipoproteinaemic patients before and after 6 months to 2 years treatment with clofibrate, 2 g daily. Standardized dietary and weight conditions were obtained. In all but two subjects cholesterol saturation remained elevated (150 +/- 7%, mean +/- SEM) compared to pretreatment values (112 +/- 6%, P less than 0.01). In nine of the patients, duodenal bile was obtained also after 6 weeks of treatment. Although two patients with increased saturation at 6 weeks displayed a return to basal values at 2 years, the majority showed no consistent changes between these two occasions. Addition of chenodeoxycholic acid to clofibrate medication led to a normalization of cholesterol saturation (from 145 +/- 9 to 89 +/- 18%, P less than 0.01) in eight out of nine patients studied. The serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides, very low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were not significantly changed. However, the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration was increased by 15--20% (from 4.8 +/- 0.3 to 5.7 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, P less than 0.01). It is concluded that clofibrate induces changes in biliary lipid composition which are consistent over at least 2 years of treatment. Possible measures to avoid these effects must therefore also be taken over a prolonged time. Chenodeoxycholic acid prevents the lithogenic effect of clofibrate but it cannot presently be recommended as an adjunct to clofibrate treatment since it simultaneously causes a rise in the serum concentration of LDL-cholesterol. PMID- 6791938 TI - Prostaglandin E2 in jejunal fluids and its potential diagnostic value for selecting patients with indomethacin-sensitive diarrhoea. AB - Since prostaglandins (PGs) appear to be important in the pathogenesis of secretory diarrhoea, a radioimmunoassay for determination of PGE2 was applied to purified samples of jejunal fluids aspirated at the ligament of Treitz. Studies on validation of the assay system included quantification of PGE2 following alkali-treatment of the samples, variation of the sample volume, and fractionation of immunoreactive- and tracer PGE2. In addition, the specificity of the assay system was confirmed by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry. In healthy volunteers (n = 22) the PGE2 concentration range was 5--205 pg/ml (99% confidence limits). Alcohol addicts (n = 27) with diarrhoea or steatorrhoea had PGE2 levels within the normal range. Values beyond the 99% upper confidence limit were observed in ten out of seventeen patients with chronic diarrhoea (205--340 pg/ml) and two out of fifteen patients with intermittent diarrhoea (265 and 275 pg/ml) classified as irritable bowel syndrome. In six patients with high PGE2 concentrations indomethacin treatment (25 mg x 4 daily) halved the associated diarrhoea and reduced PGE2 concentrations to normal levels. Subsequently, a double-blind multiple randomized clinical trial was carried out in two single patients. Indomethacin proved to be effective in preventing diarrhoea only in the patient with a raised PGE2 level (P less than 0.005). PMID- 6791940 TI - Fibronectin in synovial fluid and tissue in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Fibronectin is a glycoprotein found in body fluids, loose connective tissue matrix and in basement membranes. Fibronectin in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid was immunologically indistinguishable from the plasma form, as shown by double-diffusion analysis. Fibronectin isolated from rheumatoid synovial fluid by affinity chromatography on gelatin--Sepharose had a polypeptide pattern similar to that of plasma fibronectin in SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In fifty-one patients with rheumatoid arthritis and related diseases fibronectin concentrations is synovial fluid were 445 +/- 103 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) and within normal range, 335 +/- 52 micrograms/ml, in plasma. Immunofluorescence staining showed a prominent increase of fibronectin in the proliferating synovial connective tissue in rheumatoid arthritis as compared to normal synovial membrane. The results suggest an increased local production of fibronectin in rheumatoid synovial tissue. PMID- 6791943 TI - Blood-brain barrier permeability of L-dopa in man. AB - The permeability of L-dopa across the blood-brain barrier was studied in twelve patients by means of the indicator dilution method. The extraction of [1-14C]L dopa and [3-14C]L-dopa was 11.7% and 10.4%, respectively. After pretreatment with carbidopa the extraction was unchanged (13.5% and 11.6%). The permeability coefficient (P) was calculated to 0.9 x 10(-5) cm s-1. PMID- 6791939 TI - Ileal dysfunction and bacterial overgrowth in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - The intestinal bile acid metabolism was studied in sixty-one patients with non operated Crohn's disease (twenty-seven ileitis and thirty-four ileocolitis patients) by means of the 14C-glycocholate breath test with marker-corrected faecal analysis before and after a short course of antibiotics. The results of the combined breath and faecal analysis were compared with the data of other tests detecting bacterial overgrowth and ileal dysfunction. Fifteen of the sixty one patients (25%) presented with a 14C excretion pattern consistent with bacterial overgrowth of the small bowel. Repetition of the combined breath and faecal analysis after antibiotic treatment revealed that concurrent ileal dysfunction was present in at least six of these fifteen patients. In twenty other patients elevated marker-corrected 14C faecal excretion indicated ileal dysfunction. Thus, the overall incidence of ileal dysfunction amounted to 26/61 (44%). The sensitivity of the bile acid breath test with marker-corrected stool analysis was comparable to that of aerobic and anaerobic jejunal cultures in twenty non-selected patients for the detection of bacterial overgrowth, and to that of chemical bile acid measurement in stools for the detection of ileal dysfunction. The bile acid breath test with faecal analysis was more sensitive than measurement of glycine-taurine ratio in bile (twenty patients) and the Schilling test. PMID- 6791942 TI - Effect of angiotensin-II blockade on systemic and hepatic haemodynamics and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in cirrhosis with ascites. AB - We have studied the effect of angiotensin-II blockade with saralasin on the cardiovascular and hepatic hemodynamics and on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in fourteen patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Control measurements showed that most of the patients had a low mean arterial pressure, high plasma volume, normal or high cardiac index, low peripheral resistance and high plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. The wedged hepatic venous pressure was increased in each patient and the estimated hepatic blood flow was normal in most of them. Overall, saralasin induced a significant reduction of the mean arterial pressure, cardiac index and peripheral resistance. The decrease of the peripheral resistance was greater than that of the cardiac index. Six of the patients developed a marked reduction of the mean arterial pressure with low doses of saralasin (1--2.5 microgram/kg/min), and they had significantly higher plasma renin activity and lower mean arterial pressure than the remaining eight patients who showed a slight or no hypotensive response in spite of infusing saralasin up to a dose of 10 micrograms/kg/min. Overall, the decrease of the mean arterial pressure correlated directly with the baseline values of plasma renin activity. Angiotensin-II blockade induced a significant reduction of the wedged hepatic venous pressure. The hepatic blood flow did not show any significant change. The decrease of the wedged hepatic venous pressure was directly related to the reduction of the mean arterial pressure and also to the control plasma renin activity. Our study indicates that in most patients with cirrhosis, ascites and high plasma renin activity, arterial pressure is maintained by the effect of endogenous angiotensin II on the peripheral vasculature, and we suggest that a pre-existing arterial hypotension secondary to an arteriolar vasodilatation is the cause of renin release in these patients. Our results also show that angiotensin-II blockade is accompanied by a reduction of the post-sinusoidal hepatic vascular resistance. PMID- 6791944 TI - Cytophotometry of liver cells from ethanol-fed rats: ethanol causes increased polyploidization and protein accumulation. AB - Cellular protein and DNA content were determined by Feulgen--Naphthol Yellow S cytophotometry on isolated liver cells from rats fed ethanol for 2--6 months. It was found that parenchymal liver cells after ethanol feeding contained 13% more protein than cells of the same ploidy class from controls; that the average parenchymal cell in ethanol-fed rats contained 16% more protein than in controls due to the increased occurrence of polyploid cells; that the protein accumulation develops over 2 months, does not progress thereafter and disappears after a few days of reduced ethanol intake; that the tendency to form polyploid cells is accentuated during liver regeneration. It is suggested that the effect of alcohol on microtubular function, which is regarded as the cause of the protein accumulation, may also bring about increased polyploidization. PMID- 6791941 TI - Multivariate analysis of clinical and biological data in cirrhotic patients: application to prognosis. AB - One hundred and thirty-one patients underwent clinical and biological investigation with the following determinations performed on the same day; presence or absence of ascites, icterus and/or encephalopathy, coagulation study, biochemical determinations including albumin, transferrin and immunoglobulins immunoassays. The principal component analysis of biological data showed two sets of highly representative and inversely correlated data; one included coagulation tests, albumin and transferrin, and the other included immunoglobulin A/transferrin ratio, immunoglobulin A and total bilirubin. Clinical and biological data were computed using discriminant analysis between dead and survivors. Six parameters were then selected (total bilirubin, encephalopathy, factor V, AST, antithrombin III and transferrin) giving a correct prognosis in 81.6% (31/38) of cases in a test sample. Neither ascites nor immunoglobulins were useful for the estimation of the prognosis. PMID- 6791946 TI - Rat IgD myeloma protein: cell-free translation of the delta mRNA and biochemical analysis of intracellular and membrane delta chain. AB - The analysis of IgD molecules produced by the tumor-derived IR 731 cell line showed that these molecules are not secreted and are only present at the cell surface as covalent dimers of 48 000 dalton delta chains. The original IR 731 tumor secreted complete IgD; thus, the disppearance of secretion in the cell line was correlated with the absence of light chain synthesis. The mRNA coding for the cell line delta chain was isolated and translated. The analysis of the translated delta chain (mol. wt.: 40 000) confirmed the absence of a region having the size of a domain as previously shown by partial amino acid sequence. The observation that the absence in delta chain of this region, which comprises most of the CH2 domain, could be a general feature of murine species is discussed. PMID- 6791945 TI - Lambda chain expression at different stages of ontogeny in C57BL/6, BALB/c and SJL mice. PMID- 6791947 TI - Homologous and heterologous cell coupling in mammalian ovarian follicles. PMID- 6791948 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis and mitosis of hepatocytes in primary cultures of neonatal rat liver by arachidonic acid and prostaglandins. PMID- 6791950 TI - Microcarrier culture of vascular endothelial cells on solid plastic beads. PMID- 6791949 TI - Adhesion sites of neural tumor cells. Morphogenesis of substratum-attached material. PMID- 6791951 TI - Distribution of aldose reductase in ocular tissues. PMID- 6791952 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: correlation of resistance and susceptibility in infected bred mice with the in vivo primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells. PMID- 6791954 TI - Theileria parva: early events in the development of bovine lymphoblastoid cell lines persistently infected with macroschizonts. PMID- 6791953 TI - Theileria parva: kinetics of infection in the lymphoid system of cattle. PMID- 6791955 TI - Trace metal requirements in total parenteral nutrition: a theoretical approach by mathematical modeling. AB - A new computer-based approach has been developed to assess the optimal doses of essential trace metal ions which should be included in nutritive mixtures, used in human total parenteral nutrition, to compensate for the ligand-induced losses of these metal ions. An example of application is given for zinc, copper and manganese. PMID- 6791956 TI - Parenteral feeding abolishes the circadian adrenocortical rhythm in rats. PMID- 6791957 TI - Action of group A streptococcus extracellular product(s) on the connective tissue of the human heart valve. PMID- 6791958 TI - Method for determination of DL 473-IT and its metabolite L 14583 in plasma of humans, monkeys and rats. PMID- 6791959 TI - Sustained-release characteristics of tablets of ethylcellulose microcapsules containing potassium phenethicillin. PMID- 6791960 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the ino- and chronotropic function of the myocardium]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on conscious cats that nitroglycerin exerts a cardiostimulatory effect on the myocardium. The positive inotropic effect of nitroglycerin is associated with the two processes, catecholamine release from sympathetic nerve terminals and blockade of phosphodiesterase activity. The positive chronotropic effect arises from the indirect sympathomimetic properties of nitroglycerin. In addition to the effects listed, nitroglycerin reduces the intensity of the cardiac chronotropic reactions induced by isoproterenol and produces a direct inhibitory action on the myocardium. The implication of the nitroglycerin effects in the realization of its antianginal action is discussed. PMID- 6791962 TI - Further investigations on the antinflammatory activity of some 2-phenylpyrazolol [1,5-a]pyrimidine compounds. AB - The paper reports the inhibitory activity (ID50) of a series of 2-phenylpyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidines on prostaglandin synthetase of guinea-pig lung homogenate in comparison with indomethacin. In vivo studies showed that some of these compounds possess interesting antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties, as compared to those of classic non steroid antiinflammatory drugs like aspirin or phenylbutazone. PMID- 6791963 TI - Testosterone-induced, sulfonamide-resistant carbonic anhydrase isozyme of rat liver is indistinguishable from skeletal muscle carbonic anhydrase III. PMID- 6791964 TI - Inhibition of the induction of heat shock proteins in Drosophila melanogaster cells infected with insect picornaviruses. PMID- 6791961 TI - [Effect of 5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, and imidazole carboxamide on the kinetics of the primary immune response in mice]. AB - Experiments on CBA and CBA x C57BI mice were carried out to study the effect of 5 ftoruracil, ftorafur and imidazolcarboxamide on the kinetics of the primary immune response. The drugs were administered in a single dose 48 or 72 hours after immunization of the animals with sheep red blood cells. The number of antibody-forming cells was determined every 4 hours after the injection of a cytostatic. It was shown that the kinetics of the formation of antibody producers assumes a wave-like pattern under the effect of the drugs studied. It was also demonstrated that the kinetics of immunogenesis inhibition is determined by the mechanism of the molecular cytostatic action of the drugs. PMID- 6791965 TI - Insulin activation of basal hepatic glycogen synthase. PMID- 6791966 TI - Inhibition of macrophage spreading by antagonists of cellular calcium. PMID- 6791967 TI - Dietary-induced rapid increase of rat jejunal sucrase and lactase activity in all regions of the villus. PMID- 6791968 TI - Polychlorobiphenyls that induce delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase inhibit uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in cultured chick embryo liver cells. PMID- 6791969 TI - Domperidone directly stimulates TSH secretion in vitro. PMID- 6791970 TI - [Effect of pH, pCO2, and pO2 on renal artery contractility and reactivity]. AB - In isolated segments of the dog and cat renal arteries alkalization of the bathing solution at pH from 6.5 to 8.0 increased the amplitude of contraction and the sensitiveness to noradrenaline. A sharp rise of O2 content induced some increase in reactivity of muscle cells and caused spontaneous rhythmic activity. The results suggest a direct effect of pH and pO2 on the functional characteristics of renal arterial muscles. The effect seems to occur due to reversible changes in intracellular pH. PMID- 6791971 TI - The complement system of the albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga. PMID- 6791972 TI - delta 6-, delta 5-fatty acyl-CoA desaturases and gamma-linolenyl-CoA elongase in regenerating rat liver. PMID- 6791973 TI - Pig brain aldose reductase: a kinetic study using the centrifugal fast analyzer. PMID- 6791974 TI - Organ culture of fetal mouse pancreas. The effect of culture conditions on insulin and glucagon secretion. PMID- 6791975 TI - A patient with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in the liver: treatment with aspartic acid and thiamine. AB - A seven-year-old girl with slowly progressive motor neurological impairment and high levels of lactate and pyruvate in blood and cerebrospinal fluid was found to have severe hepatic pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. However, in contrast to other patients with this deficiency, no mental retardation was apparent. Treatment with aspartic acid and thiamine over a period of seven years resulted in biochemical improvement and a stable neurological condition. The level of cognitive functioning remained the same. When treatment with aspartic acid was temporarily discontinued, lactate and pyruvate concentrations increased so markedly that the drug was resumed. This indicates that aspartic acid was the effective drug, and that the effect of thiamine was secondary. PMID- 6791976 TI - Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid loss by rat small intestine: role of intestinal site and luminal contents. AB - Loss of amino acid into the lumen may be important in diarrheal states. Labeled alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was given parenterally, and concentration gradients developed between lumen, intestinal tissue and plasma. After 24 h, we measured AIB loss into the intestinal lumen by recirculating isolated segments in situ under conditions of either net water absorption or net water secretion. Final 14C-AIB concentrations in intestinal tissue were 200-800 times that of lumen, 6--15 times that of serum. Despite increased total 14C-AIB loss during net water secretion, and based on the low luminal 14C-AIB concentrations, the contribution of amino acid loss to fecal nitrogen during osmotic diarrhea appears to be minimal. PMID- 6791977 TI - Equipotency of little and minigastrin in the cat. AB - Synthetic human non-sulphated gastrin heptadecapeptide (little gastrin) and tetradecapeptide (minigastrin) are equipotent stimulants of gastric acid and pepsin secretions in the conscious cat. This supports the thesis that minigastrin is a major physiologically active, circulating form of the hormone in the cat. It is estimated that little gastrin and minigastrin contribute equally to the gastric acid response to a protein meal in the cat. PMID- 6791978 TI - Significance of duodenal disaccharidases. A comparative study of duodenal and jejunal values. AB - Endoscopic biopsies at the inferior duodenal flexure from 36 patients were assayed for disaccharidases. Comparative studies in 8 patients were carried out from this location and from the duodenojejunal flexure. 16 patients with lactase values under 20 U/g protein and normal histology also underwent a lactose tolerance test. Evidence is presented that the easily performed duodenal biopsies give the same information as those from the angle of Treitz, at a level about 40% under the latter. Tolerance to lactose was in close relation with the lactase level in 16 patients, the limit being at about 5 U/g protein. PMID- 6791979 TI - Severely uncontrolled diabetes in the over-fifties. AB - Between 1969 and 1976, 317 adults were admitted to hospital in Nottingham with severely uncontrolled diabetes (plasma glucose over 33 mmol/l and/or venous bicarbonate less than 14 mmol/l). A third of episodes were in patients over the age of 50 years, of which 43% were fatal. In contrast, only 3.4% of episodes in patients under 50 years were fatal. In the older group, 65% of deaths occurred within 48 h of admission and in 44% no cause was found other than uncontrolled diabetes. Later deaths were due to underlying disease, infection or thromboembolism. Amongst older patients 38% were not previously known to have diabetes. Presentation to hospital was late and we conclude that many deaths were potentially avoidable by earlier detection in the community. PMID- 6791980 TI - [Lithium carbonate in prevention of leukopenia/caused by antineoplastic drugs]. PMID- 6791981 TI - Mechanisms of inhibition by simultaneously administered phenobarbital of 3' methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat. AB - The mechanisms of inhibition by simultaneously administered phenobarbital of 3' methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat were studied. Weanling rats were fed a diet containing 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB or 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB and 0.05% phenobarbital for 3 weeks, followed by either basal diet or a diet containing 0.05% phenobarbital as a promoter. The number and the size of enzyme-altered islands and the number of tumors larger than 5 mm in diameter were scored at week 12 and week 40, respectively. The simultaneous feeding of phenobarbital and 3'-Me-DAB resulted in a significant decrease in the number and size of enzyme-altered islands and in the number of tumors, in comparison with those scored in animals fed 3'-Me-DAB alone. It was concluded that the simultaneous feeding of phenobarbital inhibits both the initiation of carcinogenesis and also the promotive action of the carcinogen resulting from its selective toxicity on the liver tissue. PMID- 6791982 TI - Studies on the metabolism of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil and uracil co administered orally to tumor-bearing rats. AB - The metabolism of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) plus uracil (1:4, UFT) was compared with that of FT alone and that of uracil alone in tumor-bearing rats by using 3H-tracer. After oral administration of UFT, both FT and uracil were rapidly absorbed and no interaction of their absorptions was observed. The levels of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the blood and tissues and the excretion of 5 FU in the urine of rats given UFT were temporarily higher, and the levels of alpha-fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid (a catabolic metabolite of 5-FU) in almost all tissues were lower than in rats given FT. The levels of 5-FU, 5 fluorouridine, and fluoronucleotides increased more in the tumors than in normal tissues of rats given UFT, but not in those given FT. The metabolism of uracil administered exogenously as UFT was not influenced by 5-FU or its metabolites derived from FT. PMID- 6791983 TI - Reduction of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatoma in rats exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls through their dams. AB - A potent hepatocarcinogen, diethylnitrosamine (DEN), was orally administered at 50 ppm for 5 weeks to Wistar rats preexposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in utero and via mother's milk. The numbers of liver tumors induced by administration of DEN were significantly reduced in the rats exposed to PCB in an early stage of life, compared with control rats. This tumor-inhibiting action was particularly clear in male offspring. PMID- 6791984 TI - Tumoricidal activity of peritoneal exudate cells from rats treated with mitomycin C. PMID- 6791985 TI - Tumorigenicity of 3'-hydroxymethyl, 3'-formyl, and 3'-carboxy derivatives of 4 (dimethylamino)azobenzene in rat liver. AB - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a cube diet containing 2.51 mmol/kg of 3' methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB), 3'-CH2OH-DAB, 3'-CHO-DAB, or 3' COOH-DAB (at a level equivalent to 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB in the diet) for a period of 1 to 3 months. Almost all the livers of rats given 3'-CH2OH-DAB for a period of 2 to 3 months or 3'-Me-DAB for 3 months showed marked cirrhosis macroscopically. The common histological findings were cholangiofibrosis with or without markedly atypical bile ducts. Moreover, one hepatocellular carcinoma was found in the liver of a rat given 3'-Me-DAB and one in the liver of a rat given 3'-CH2OH-DAB for 3 months. On the other hand, 3'CHO-DAB and 3'-COOH-DAB did not induce these changes (including neoplastic nodules) at all. Consequently, 3'-CH2OH-DAB, like 3'-Me-DAB, was found to be a hepatocarcinogen. PMID- 6791986 TI - Polymorphism at the ref(2)P locus in Drosophila melanogaster: preliminary experiments concerning the selection mechanisms involved in its maintenance. AB - It has been shown previously that a polymorphism for two alleles of the ref(2)P locus is a regular feature of French natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and that this is maintained in laboratory populations raised in cages. In this paper, an experimental population and egg-collection experiments are reported. Differential survival of the three genotypes would be the main factor leading to the equilibrium frequencies, working only in drastic conditions of larval competition. PMID- 6791987 TI - [Role of the ribosomes in controlling cellular differentiation and secondary metabolism in sporulating bacteria. I. Sporogenesis, antibiotic formation and the proteolytic activity of streptomycin-resistant mutants]. AB - A ribosomal mutant Bacillus subtilis IG1 resistant to 100 mkg/ml of streptomycin was isolated. The strA mutation is cotransduced with the cysA gene and, consequently, maps in the ribosomal cluster. The mutation does not influence cell division but does reduce a level of sporulation as well as its antibiotic and proteolytic activity. Involvement of ribosomes in the control of sporulation and secondary metabolism of spore forming bacteria is discussed. PMID- 6791988 TI - Exchange between the ribosomal RNA genes of X and Y chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster males. PMID- 6791989 TI - [Comparative study of menstrual blood loss with progestagen-releasing intrauterine devices]. PMID- 6791990 TI - Carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage III: a report of 311 cases. PMID- 6791991 TI - Ferritin. PMID- 6791992 TI - Cytochemical and immunological properties of cryopreserved blast cells. PMID- 6791994 TI - alpha-Thalassemia trait in the region of Ferrara. PMID- 6791993 TI - [Abnormal fibrin polymerization and its clinical usefulness in patients with chronic liver disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791995 TI - [Relationship between histopathology of the bone-marrow and clinical staging in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6791996 TI - Desferrioxamine-induced iron outputs in Cooley's anemia. Results and perspectives. PMID- 6791998 TI - Ampicillin-induced neutropenia. PMID- 6791997 TI - Peptichemio in multiple myeloma. (Preliminary results). PMID- 6791999 TI - Conservative treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome in polycythemia vera. PMID- 6792002 TI - [Hemostasis and liver disease]. PMID- 6792000 TI - An unusual case of non secretory multiple myeloma with intracellular lambda chains. PMID- 6792001 TI - Lymphoma in three members of the same family. PMID- 6792003 TI - [Cooley's disease and tumors]. PMID- 6792004 TI - Hodgkin's disease after ovarian dysgerminoma. PMID- 6792005 TI - The effect of Na3-citrate on the solubility of cryoprecipitate (citrate effect on cryoprecipitate). AB - Cryoprecipitate stored frozen could be redissolved only if it contained more than 10 mmol/l Na3-citrate. It is shown that in the insoluble residue less than 10 mmol/l Na3-citrate is fibrinogen. In saline containing 10 to 20 mmol/l Na3 citrate after thawing, the cryoprecipitate was dissolved entirely. PMID- 6792006 TI - [Aggressive management of severe ulcerative colitis]. PMID- 6792007 TI - [Renal failure due to indomethacin]. PMID- 6792008 TI - Mutation modifying the serine pathway in methylotrophic bacteria. AB - Methylotrophic bacteria, Gram-positive, with the serine pathway, were shown to have their growth inhibited by 0.5% glycine. The effects of this amino acid on individual enzyme activities were studied in wild and mutant strains of Micrococcus varians and Bacillus licheniformis. The enzymes studied were glycerate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.29), isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.1) and glycine--oxaloacetate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.35). The last-named enzyme was found to be inhibited, the kinetic constants having been determined for two strain types. PMID- 6792009 TI - The effect of quaternary ammonium compounds and amine oxides on spores of Bacillus cereus. AB - The effect of 1-dodecylpiperidine 1-oxide and N,N'-bis(dodecyldimethyl)-1,2 ethane diammonium dibromide on the spores of Bacillus cereus. particularly their binding to intact spores and spores with reduced cystine bonds, was investigated. The Langmuir type of binding is involved in both cases. Both compounds decreased the thermoresistance of spores. DPNO decreased the fraction of non-germinating spores, the effect of the drug increasing with increasing concentration. This phenomenon was associated with a faster release of dipicolinic acid to the medium. Only microgermination proceeded in the presence of BDED and dipicolinic acid was released only in substantially lower amounts. Both compounds also influenced respiration. PMID- 6792010 TI - Isolation and chemical characterization of compounds isolated from Aspergillus flavus conidia. AB - Three types of heterogeneous preparations and four types of preparations of polysaccharide nature were obtained in studies aimed at the isolation of active compounds from Aspergillus flavus conidia bearing their biological stimulatory activity. Extraction with trichloroacetic acid at 0 degrees C yielded a preparation in which the protein component predominated over the polysaccharide moiety at a ratio of 3 : 1. In the preparation isolated from the phenolic phase of the phenol-water mixture at 68 degrees C the protein polysaccharide ratio was 1 : 1. In the material extracted in the aqueous phase and in that obtained by extraction with acetic acid at 100 degrees C the polysaccharide portion highly predominated (8 : 1 and 7 : 1 respectively). PMID- 6792011 TI - A lipopolysaccharide from Aspergillus flavus conidia. AB - A lipopolysaccharide was isolated by extraction of Aspergillus flavus conidia with 45% phenol at 68-70 degrees C. Quantitative analysis revealed 7% nucleic acids, 5.5% proteins, 46% polysaccharides and 49% liquids, of which 12% were covalently bound. Glucose, mannose, galactose and fucose were detected as monosaccharide components of the polysaccharide moiety by gas chromatography; palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and myristic acid were mainly present in the lipidic fraction. This material differs from the bacterial lipopolysaccharides, both in composition of the polysaccharide moiety and representation of fatty acids in the lipidic fraction. PMID- 6792012 TI - Inherent limitations to the problem of reducing the lysine microbiological assay time. AB - A kinetic approach is proposed to shorten the microbiological assay time for the determination of unbound L-lysine. The present lysine bacterial assay takes from 16 to 24 h using Pediococcus cerevisiae P-60 ATCC 8042 (formerly Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60 ATCC 8042) and uses a medium in which lysine is the limiting substance. Measurements of the final cell concentration are linearly correlated with the initial concentration of lysine, S, to provide an indirect estimate of S. We propose to understand the limitations inherent to the reduction of the assay time to 4 h by focusing in our analysis on the bacterial late lag or early growth transient phases, rather than the stationary phase of growth. Generally, the Monod equation is expected to describe a hyperbolically increasing correlation between the bacterial specific growth rate at about 2-4 h and the initial lysine concentration. A hyperbolic correlation is obtained by 3 h, but the lysine region of interest falls in the saturated portion of the curve. Discriminations between different initial lysine levels are therefore difficult with this nearly flat curve. On the other hand, when the initial inoculum level is lowered, so that substrate inhibition becomes effective, a correlation with a large negative slope is obtained by 4 h. Limitations to using absorbance measurements for the rapid assay turn up in a lack of reproducibility and, hence, a large variance associated with the measurements. Alternative microbial measuring techniques, such as impedance methods, need to be examined in order to reduce that large variance. PMID- 6792013 TI - On the standardization of glutaraldehyde for use in electron microscopy. PMID- 6792014 TI - The anatomy and phylogenetic significance of the carotid arteries and nerves in strepsirhine primates. AB - The internal carotid artery in lorisiform primates was identified on the basis of its close association with the internal carotid nerve (postsynaptic sympathetic trunk). An atrophic vessel in the lorisine Arctocebus resembles the internal carotid artery of Lemur in that it enters the tympanic bulla and promontory tube closely associated with the internal carotid nerve. According to this criterion of homology, the enigmatic lorisiform extrabullar carotid artery is not homologous with the internal carotid (promontory) artery of lemuriform primates or the medial internal carotid artery of the dog. Hypotheses about strepsirhine evolution must take these morphological facts into account. PMID- 6792015 TI - [A skull of Mesopithecus with bite marks (author's transl)]. AB - A skull of Mesopithecus pentelicus (Roth and Wagner) from the Turolian (Upper Miocene) of Pikermi (Greece) shows hole-shaped bitemarks. Considering the behavior and the character of the dentition of the groups of carnivores represented in Pikermi, it is supposed that these bitemarks have been caused by a felid of the size of a leopard. In the fauna of Pikermi only Metailurus parvulus (Hensel) can be taken into consideration. By the defects on a skull of a juvenile Australopithecine, interpreted by Brain in 1970 as bitemarks of a leopard, the above explanation gets a very essential support. PMID- 6792016 TI - A field study of the socio-ecology of the Goeldi's monkey (Callimico goeldii) in northern Bolivia. AB - A 5-month field study on both the distribution and ecology of Callimico goeldii was carried out in the seasonally dry rain forest of north-western Bolivia. The species was found to be very sparsely distributed (approximately one group per 4 km2) in isolated groups of about 6 animals throughout the study area. Callimico was found to associate a great deal with two species of Saguinus that inhabit the same region in greater densities. It appears to be a habitat specialist, preferring low-lying and damp, but well-drained, bamboo forest and spending nearly all its time within 3 m of ground level, travelling mainly by vertical clinging and leaping. We believe that this ecological specialisation accounts for the species' discontinuous micro-distribution, and that this in turn is related to Callimico's distinctive pattern of social organisation. PMID- 6792018 TI - Pesticide residues in human milk. PMID- 6792017 TI - Fine structure of experimental epileptogenic focus produced by intracerebral implantation of cobalt-gelatin stick in rabbits. AB - The experimental epileptogenic focus produced by cobalt-gelatin stick implantation in the cerebral cortex of rabbits has been studied by electron microscopy. Since our cobalt focus was latent, the bemegride maneuver was intravenously performed to identify the cobalt lesion of the cortex as an epileptogenic focus. The cobalt lesion comprised three different zones. Of the three zones, the reactive zone showed a glio-mesenchymal scar and prominent ultrastructural changes. The major change of this zone was found in the neurons, neuropils and astrocytes. Electron-lucent neurons deprived of the usual neuropils surrounding them, widening of extracellular spaces and swollen dendrites in neuropils, and proliferating astrocytes were observed constantly throughout the experimental period. These findings may be significant for the genesis of this type of epilepsy. PMID- 6792019 TI - Ankle fusion with the Hoffmann external fixation device. AB - For over 100 years, many different types of external fixation have been used to immobilize fracture fragments. The greatest acceptance of external fixation has been with open fractures of the tibia. Three ankle fusions, all complex cases, were performed using the double-framed Hoffmann external fixation device. The deformities treated were a severe post-traumatic equinus deformity of the ankle and forefoot, a painful nonunion of a previous ankle fusion, and an equinus deformity secondary to a transmetatarsal amputation. PMID- 6792020 TI - Pancreatic polypeptide and vagal stimulation of gastric and pancreatic secretion in dogs. AB - In four dogs provided with pancreatic, gastric, and esophageal fistulae, the effects of bovine pancreatic polypeptide (BPP) infused at a physiological dose level (240 pmol per kg/hr) on gastric and pancreatic responses to sham-feeding were studied. The maximal gastric and pancreatic secretion was produced by pentagastrin and secretin, and OP-CCK infusion, respectively, with or without additions of BBP. Exogenous BPP did not change gastric acid and pepsin outputs stimulated by pentagastrin or sham-feeding, but significantly inhibited basal and maximally stimulated pancreatic protein secretion. The peak pancreatic protein, but not bicarbonate response to sham-feeding was reduced by about 31% by BPP. This reduction by BPP amounted to about 57% when the pancreas was stimulated maximally by OP-CCK. It is concluded the PP released by cephalic-vagal excitation does not affect gastric secretion, but inhibits pancreatic protein secretion, and thus might contribute to the lower pancreatic response to sham-feeding as compared with that produced by exogenous stimulants such as secretin and OP-CCK. PMID- 6792021 TI - [Hemodynamical and histological studies on ovarian blood flow during ovulation (author's transl)]. AB - The author, in an attempt to investigate the mechanism of ovulation, conducted studies on ovarian blood flow hemodynamically and ovarian vessels histologically during ovulation induced by FSH and LH in rabbits. Continuous measurement of ovarian blood flow was facilitated by the crossed-thermocouple inserted into the unilateral ovary relatively close to its cortex. Histological changes of the ovarian blood vessels were observed every two hours and 13 h after LH administration. (1) The ovarian blood flow showed a rapid increase as 116.6 +/- 4.3% (M +/- S.E) at 15 min, 122.1 +/- 5.1% at 30 min following LH administration and maintained its high level percentage during the subsequent 2 h to 4 h, showing the peak with 156.2 +/- 9.1%. The ovarian blood flow showed a gradual decrease after 4 h. (2) A dilatation was observed in the perifollicular and stromal vessels from 2 h. The vessels maintained a considerable dilatation during 4 h to 8 h and the most conspicuous vasodilatation was manifested, especially at the apical vessels, at 10 to 13 h just prior to ovulation. Although the wall of the apical vessels was remarkably thin at that time, the overswelled apical vessels remained until ovulation. The ovulation was not seen without the rupture of the apical perifollicular vessels. These hemodynamic and histological results suggest a congestion in ovarian blood vessels during the ovulatory period. Such blood congestion presumably plays a significant role in the mechanism leading to ovulation. PMID- 6792022 TI - [Renal transport and nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine (author's transl)]. AB - Large doses of cephaloridine (CER) cause acute necrosis of the proximal renal tubule in various species, as well as gentamicin (GM). However, administration of the two drugs simultaneously resulted in a protective effect of CER against GM related nephrotoxicity in rats. The present studies were designed to examine the mechanism of CER transport system into renal cells in vitro, using the rat kidney slices and 3H-CER, effects of transport system of CER by GM or cephalexin, and effects on CO2 production in rat kidney slices of CER and GM. The results were as follows: 1. CER was transported into cells actively and intracellular concentration of CER became to be equal to extracellular concentration on around 100 mcg/ml of extracellular concentration of CER. 2. GM and CEX inhibited intracellular active transport of CER. 3. CER had inhibitory effect on CO2 production in rat kidney slices and its effect was dose dependent. GM had no effect on CO2 production. The author concluded that intracellular transport system of CER, GM and CEX is the same, and competition may be present, if each drugs are administrated simultaneously. Different attitude on CO2 production of CER and GM does not explain the difference of the mechanism of renal toxicity of each drugs directly. However, it may explain that the mechanism of renal toxicity of CER is not the same as of GM in parts. PMID- 6792023 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone increases plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids in rabbits. AB - The hypothalamus is known to participate in the control of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and, therefore, the hypothalamic thyrotropin-releasing hormone, TRH, could possibly be involved in these control functions. Moreover, TRH immunological and biological activities have been demonstrated in the pancreatic islets, but experiments with isolated rat pancreas have failed to show any direct stimulatory effect of TRH on glucagon and insulin release. In order to study any in vivo effects of TRH on the pancreatic hormone release and the plasma levels of glucose and free fatty acids, TRH was injected intravenously into fasted rabbits, and blood samples obtained from the marginal ear vein. Dose-related increases in plasma levels were observed for glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids down to a dose of 0.4 microgram TRH. Corresponding experiments showed that the tripeptide pyroGlu-His-GlyOH was inactive. The increase of plasma levels of glucagon was augmented by simultaneous injection of TRH and insulin, and was suppressed in rabbits which were fed or infused with somatostatin. This suggests that TRH may have physiological significance in modulating the plasma levels of glucagon, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids. In contrast to the effect of alanine, the increase in plasma levels of glucagon by TRH was not significant during the first 10 minutes. This suggests that the effect to TRH on glucagon and insulin release is indirect. PMID- 6792024 TI - Long-term actions of sulfonylureas on (Pro-) insulin biosynthesis and secretion. III. Functional state of isolated pancreatic rat islets after culture in the presence of tolbutamide and glibenclamide. PMID- 6792025 TI - Gestational age and thyroid economy at birth in full-term newborns. PMID- 6792026 TI - Radioimmunoassays of unextracted gonadotrophins in timed fractions of 24-hour urine: morning increase of gonadotrophin excretion, a circadian pattern in relation to puberty. PMID- 6792027 TI - Differential effects of testosterone and its metabolites on gonadotrophin secretion in the intact adult male rat. PMID- 6792028 TI - Transpubertal modulation of pituitary and testicular function in the ob/ob mouse. AB - We have investigated developmental, transpubertal, changes in the responsiveness to stimulation of pituitary gland and testes from the male ob/ob mouse. These organs were removed from ob/ob mice at 33 and 90 days after birth and stimulated with GnRH and LH, respectively, in vitro. Pituitary glands from lean mice released significantly more LH than those from ob/ob mice at both ages. In contrast, FSH release was higher in young ob/ob mice but not significantly different at 90 days when compared with lean controls. LH-stimulated testes revealed that although the young ob/ob testes released significantly less testosterone (T) than lean controls, the response became normal after the time of expected puberty. The production of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (DIOL), although reduced at both ages in ob/ob mice, declined transpubertally in both lean and ob/ob mice. As a result, the ratio of T:DIOL which normally becomes much greater than 1 with the advent of puberty, also increases to greater than 1 in the ob/ob males, suggesting that sexual maturation of testicular androgen biosynthesis is approximately normal. We conclude that the differences in pituitary and testicular response to stimulation could arise from a defect in the ability of the pituitary gland to release gonadotrophins. PMID- 6792029 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of both subunits of allophycocyanin, a light harvesting protein-pigment complex from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus. AB - The amino acid sequences of the alpha- and beta-subunit of allophycocyanin, a water-soluble light-harvesting protein-pigment complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus have been determined. The alpha-chain consists of 160 amino acid residues and the beta-chain of 161 amino acid residues. The homology of the alpha- and beta-chains is 37%. A comparison with C phycocyanin reveals that the second chromophore of the C-phycocyanin beta-subunit is attached to an inserted peptide of 10 amino acid residues at position 151-160. PMID- 6792030 TI - The resistance of crosslinked insulin derivatives to pepsin and trypsin. AB - The introduction of a crosslink between the amino groups of A1-glycine and B29 lysine of the insulin molecule leads to a marked decrease in sensitivity towards pepsin. Under conditions where insulin is completely degraded over 70% of N alpha A1, N epsilon B29-(carbonyl-bis-methionyl) insulin [OC(Met)2] remain intact. The resistance increases with the length of the crosslink, i.e. oxalyl less than OC(Met)2 less than dodecanedioyl insulin. The carbonyl-bis-methionyl derivative is also stabilized against tryptic attack, but to a smaller degree. PMID- 6792031 TI - A method for the isolation of homogeneous fluorescein-labeled proteins for studies on the variation in biological and fluorescence properties of the different conjugates. AB - Different homogeneous fluorescein-labeled conjugates of alpha-chymotrypsin and the pancreas trypsin inhibitor have been analyzed and isolated by isoelectric focusing with and without biospecific sample application. With this procedure the biological activity of the different protein conjugates can be determined from the focusing pattern. The fluorescence quantum yield was found to be decreased with the number of labels per protein. The biological activity, however, was increased in some monolabeled conjugates compared with the activity of the native protein. The quantum yield was found to be markedly (greater than 10%) changed when the monolabeled conjugates formed specific complexes with proteins. PMID- 6792032 TI - Application of hydrophobic interaction chromatography for purification of pig urinary kallikrein. Characterization of the enzyme and its antibody. AB - Pig urinary kallikrein was purified following its kinin-generating activity as well as its esterase activity on N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ether (BZArgOEt). The isolation procedure, based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography on octyl-Sepharose and affinity chromatography on aprotinin Sepharose resulted in a 2 500- to 3 000-fold purified enzyme with a yield of 6%. The preparation was homogenous on alkaline polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and exhibited a single polypeptide chain in dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis upon reduction and alkylation corresponding to a molecular weight of 47 000. Isoelectric focusing in flat bed polyacrylamide gels revealed one stained band and one coinciding symmetrical peak of activities which could be eluted between pH 3.6 and pH 4.1 from a replica gel. Monospecific antibodies could be raised in a rabbit and kinetic studies for kinin-generating activity and esterolytic activity (substrate BZArgOEt) of the enzyme as well as for antibody-induced inhibition of the enzyme were performed. The antibody inhibited the antigen via a competitive mechanism near or at the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6792033 TI - Pepsin fragments of human placental basement-membrane collagens showing interrupted triple-helical amino acid sequences. AB - The pepsin digestion of human placental type IV collagen was studied in order to gain insight into the relationships between the fragments alpha 1(IV)95 000 and alpha 2(IV)70 000 which have previously been described. (For nomenclature see Crouch, E., Sage, H. & Bornstein, P. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 745 749.) Seven smaller pepsin fragments with apparent molecular weights in the range of Mr = 5 000 to 50 000 were also isolated and characterized. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of alpha 1 (IV)95 000, alpha 2(IV) 70 000 and the smaller pepsin fragments are presented. Kinetic data on the pepsin solubilization provided evidence for the presence of at least two different collagen triple helices within basement membranes and sequence data demonstrated the presence of a number of short non-collagen-like sequences which interrupt the triple helical regions of the alpha chains. PMID- 6792034 TI - Localization and quantitation of a low molecular weight proteinase inhibitor, antileukoprotease, in the human uterus. AB - Antileukoprotease was demonstrated in the cervical mucosa, but was absent in the endometrium. It was shown immunohistologically to predominate in the epithelial lining of the cervical crypts. High concentrations were found in the cervical mucus. Although antileukoprotease was not present in the endometrium, low concentrations were found in the uterine fluid, probably secondary to diffusion from the cervical mucus. The concentration of antileukoprotease in cervical mucus varied greatly during the menstrual cycle, but no midcycle minimum was found. Increased concentrations were found in samples obtained during the week preceding onset of the menstruation in most women. Antileukoprotease was present in uterine fluid from intra uterine device (IUD) non-users in its free form. In fluid from IUD users it was partly in its free form, and partly in a complexed form. The major part of the non-complexed portion was biologically active. The complex consisted, at least partly, of elastase bound to antileukoprotease. Antileukoprotease may thus contribute to the neutralization of granulocyte elastase in the uterine fluid of IUD users. PMID- 6792035 TI - Neonate with dysmorphic facies and heart defects. PMID- 6792036 TI - Intracoronary streptokinase in evolving infarction. PMID- 6792037 TI - Therapy of acute fever: a comparative approach. PMID- 6792038 TI - Severe congestive heart failure with progressive dyspnea. PMID- 6792039 TI - A current view of thyroid function tests. PMID- 6792040 TI - Between gargoylism and gas gangrene. PMID- 6792041 TI - The case of the pancreatic pseudocyst. PMID- 6792042 TI - Postvaccination paralysis in a 20-month-old child. PMID- 6792044 TI - Use of cardiac pacemakers. PMID- 6792043 TI - A familial hemolytic anemia associated with sulfa administration. PMID- 6792045 TI - The case of the sudden severe dyspnea and chest pain after bronchoscopy. PMID- 6792046 TI - Fever, hemolysis, and a "sterile' blood picture. PMID- 6792047 TI - Infection in the compromised host. PMID- 6792048 TI - Early recognition of depression. PMID- 6792049 TI - Primary epiduritis. AB - An infant, born with multiple anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, required intravenous hyperalimentation for virtually his entire life. His course was characterized by multiple episodes of sepsis or phlebitis, culminating in death five and one-half months after birth. The brain and spinal cord at necropsy were normal on gross inspection. However, microscopic study showed inflammation of the dura surrounding the spinal cord with sparing of the spinal and cerebral subarachnoid spaces. PMID- 6792050 TI - Procarbazine hydrochloride. PMID- 6792051 TI - Neuropharmacological analysis of central control of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6792052 TI - Organ culture passage enhances the oncogenicity of carcinogen-induced hyperplastic mammary nodules. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether culturing hyperplastic mammary nodules in hormone-free medium would enhance their oncogenicity following subsequent transplantation into mammary fat pads. The underlying hypothesis is that the proliferation of transformed cells within the nodules is inhibited by hormone-dependent normal cells also present in the nodules. Accordingly, both primary hyperplastic nodules and tissues from a hyperplastic outgrowth of a primary nodule were maintained as organ cultures for varying periods in hormone free Medium 199. The results show that whereas noncultured nodules developed mammary tumors at an incidence of only 15%, those passaged in organ culture gave rise to mammary tumors at an incidence of 40 to 43%. This threefold enhancement in the oncogenicity of mammary nodules is interpreted to be due, at least in part, to a reduction in the normal mammary cell content of nodules. Consistent with this interpretation is the observation that cultured nodules gave rise to mammary outgrowths that were predominantly hyperplastic, whereas noncultured nodules generated outgrowths with varying proportions of hyperplastic and normal ductal mammary tissue. PMID- 6792053 TI - The Chamber/Dish: an improved vessel for cell and explant culture. AB - A vessel consisting of a Teflon well former, metal base plate, rubber gasket, and variable growth surface has been constructed. It is nontoxic, autoclavable, and reusable. It provides for ready access into the growth chamber, plus an optically clear lower surface for improved microscopic resolution. The vessel has been used successfully with several different eucaryotic and procaryotic cell systems. Morphology of cells and yields (as measured by total protein and ATP) are comparable to those noted with other vessels. This Chamber/Dish can accommodate almost any type of growth substrate in the form of films or sheets. It appears to have widespread application for the growth of cells and explants in vitro. PMID- 6792054 TI - Sialic acid content of intestinal brush border membrane. PMID- 6792055 TI - Isolation & purification of sulpholipids of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv. PMID- 6792056 TI - Non-specific binding by macrophages: evaluation of the influence of medium-range electrostatic repulsion and short-range hydrophobic interaction. AB - Rat peritoneal macrophages can bind glutaraldehyde-treated human rat cells (GHRC), but not normal human red cells (HRC). When the surface charge of HRC was reduced by treating them with neuraminidase (to remove some negative sialic acid residues) or coating them with polylysine (a positively charged polymer), no substantial binding to macrophages was obtained. However, a similar reduction of the surface charge of GHRC resulted in sevenfold enhancement of their binding of macrophages. All erythrocyte batches were tested with a phase partition technique: only glutaraldehyde-treated cells were found hydrophobic. It is concluded that: i) Short range hydrophobic interactions are responsible for macrophage-GSRC adhesion. ii) Medium range electrostatic repulsion may substantially hamper any close approach of the macrophage and particle surface in physiological conditions. PMID- 6792057 TI - The inductive requirements for the primary in vitro generation of delayed-type hypersensitivity response to influenza virus in mice. AB - Effector T cells (Td) which mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to influenza A virus can be generated in tissue culture using normal mouse spleen cells as the responder population. Addition of helper T cells enhances but is not essential for the production of Td cells. Both Ly 1 positive, I region restricted and Ly 2,3 positive, K,D region restricted effector cells are generated. Treating the responder cell population with anti-Ly 1 or anti-Ly 2,3 antibodies and complement prevented the generation of both classes of effector T cell, suggesting that the precursor Td cells are Ly 1,2,3 positive. Effector cells which are specific for the homologous virus or cross-reactive within the A strains of influenza virus are produced, as has been found previously in in vivo experiments. Depleting the cell population of phagocytic and plastic adherent cells resulted in a failure to produce Td cells, which showed a requirement for macrophage-like cells as accessory cells in the primary in vitro generation of Td cells. A variety of cells, such as peritoneal exudate cells, mitogen stimulated blasts or L929 fibroblast cells could serve as stimulator cells. Only Ly 2,3 positive, K,D region-restricted Td cells were produced when L929 cells were used as they lack I region-coded surface antigens. The I region-restricted DTH response was mapped to the IA sub-region of the H-2 gene complex. PMID- 6792058 TI - Proliferation and lymphocyte stimulatory capacity of Theileria-infected lymphoblastoid cells before and after the elimination of intracellular parasites. AB - A prominent pathogenic facet of Theileria infections is that the parasite infects lymphocytes and 'transforms' them into parasitized lymphoblastoid cells which are highly proliferative and can be cultured indefinitely in vitro. To analyse the relationship between the intracellular parasite and lymphocyte transformation we have studied the effects of eliminating parasites from these lymphoblastoid cells using the naphthoquinone derivative 993.C. Treatment of Theileria-infected lymphoblastoid cells with 993.C gradually eliminates intracellular parasites but cell proliferation is not inhibited until several days after parasite elimination. The proliferating cells no longer contain schizont particles and are medium-sized lymphocytes and small blast cells. The surface phenotype of these cells, as defined by lectins and monoclonal antibodies, remains unchanged after parasite elimination. The division of non-parasitized cells, under the culture conditions examined, was not indefinite. The compound 993.C itself does not appear to be mitogenic and possible mechanisms for this continued division are discussed. It has been previously reported that co-cultivation of irradiated Theileria-infected lymphoblastoid cells with autologous lymphocytes induces marked DNA synthesis in the latter. We examined further the relevance of this observation for immunity to Theileria by using lymphoblastoid cells treated with 993.C. Elimination of intracellular parasites by this compound does not impair the ability of these cells to stimulate DNA synthesis in autologous lymphocytes. Furthermore, lymphocytes from Theileria-immune or non-immune cattle react similarly. The reaction differs from a classical mixed lymphocyte reaction induced by antigens encoded in the main histocompatibility complex since the stimulator cells are exclusively T lymphocyte-derived cells, the magnitude of response is greater and stimulated lymphocytes are able to act as 'stimulator cells' to fresh autologous lymphocytes. Thus we question the immunological relevance of the observed lymphocyte division. The possibility that Theileria infected lymphoblastoid cells carry viral genomes or infectious virus particles is discussed. Preliminary electron microscopic studies have not revealed any virus particles. PMID- 6792059 TI - Immunomodulation in mice by Bacillus megaterium and its dependence on culture conditions. AB - Mice pretreated with Bacillus megaterium ATCC 33085 grown on TSA medium developed a significant increase in primary antibody response to SRBC. Conversely, pretreatment with a spore suspension harvested from nutrient Agar medium decreased this antibody response. A suspension of organisms grown on a defined, phosphorus-deficient medium (P-Medium) had no effect. Otherwise, only the spore suspension was able to enhance the contact sensitivity to dinitrofluorobenzene. Peritoneal leucocyte numbers were increased by inoculation with both TSA-cultured bacteria and the spore suspension, but not by P-Medium-cultured bacteria. Administration of both the spore suspension and P-Medium-cultured bacteria decreased the in vitro phagocytosis by peritoneal adherent cells. These immunomodulator properties are discussed in relation to characteristics of the strain tested. PMID- 6792060 TI - Terminal stages of complement hemolysis: technical comment. AB - In studying terminal lytic events of sensitized erythrocytes which have reacted with all 9 components of complement, we agree in general with the conclusions of Boyle and Borsos [1] that the cellular intermediate passes through the stages E*bound, E*inserted, and E*doomed. However, we differ with these workers on the influence of 3 variables on the terminal reactions. These variables are: time of hemolysis; temperature of E* preparation; and the use of EDTA to manipulate E*. PMID- 6792061 TI - Effects of glass filtered solar radiation & of 2, 4 dinitrophenol on growth of Bacillus cereus & on its survival after far-UV irradiation. PMID- 6792062 TI - Glucuronic acid conjugates of metabolites of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene excreted through bile ducts in rat. PMID- 6792063 TI - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on early embryonic stages of the chick Gallus domesticus cultured in vitro. PMID- 6792064 TI - Erythropoiesis in protein deficiency: a ferrokinetic study in male albino rats. PMID- 6792065 TI - Radiation induced changes in alpha toxin of Staphylococcus aureus 3750. PMID- 6792066 TI - Immunogenetic basis for immunologic privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye. AB - DBA/2 mastocytoma (P815) cells are able to grow when inoculated into the anterior chamber of eyes of histoincompatible mice. Tumor growth is unrestrained in recipient mice differing from the DBA/2 strain at multiple minor H loci, but sharing the H-2d haplotype; progressive tumor growth in these animals involves the entire eye, invades the orbit and kills the hosts by extension into the cranial vault. Alternatively, P815 cells grow initially but are unable to sustain continued growth in the anterior chambers of recipient mice differing from DBA/2 at the H-2 complex. Recipients differing from DBA/2 at either the K or D regions of H-2 develop anti-DBA/2 immunity that destroys the intraocular tumor within 20 days of inoculation. Severe inflammatory reactions in these eyes produce "innocent bystander" destruction of ocular tissue and produce blindness. Recipients differing from DBA/2 at both K and D regions of H-2 also mount vigorous anti-DBA/2 immunity that destroys the intraocular tumor. In these instances, the nonspecific component of the rejection reaction is minimal: when the tumor cells are destroyed, the eyes are restored to anatomic and functional integrity. These results indicate that immunologic privilege in the anterior chamber of the eye is afforded to allogeneic tissues to varying degrees depending upon allodisparity at H-2 loci encoding class I MHC products. The results further imply that the precision of the alloimmune response may be under the control of these same MHC products. PMID- 6792067 TI - Regulation of the production of murine IgG2a by an H-2-linked gene and other unlinked genes. AB - Alleles of at least two loci (rig-1 and Rig-2) regulate the levels of serum immunoglobulin of the Igh-1b class and allotype in BALB/c Igb (BAB/14) and (BALB/c x BAB/14)F1 mice. The combined effect of the BALB/c alleles at these two loci is to lower Igh-1b levels significantly below those observed in other strains and below their own levels of Igh-1a in allotype heterozygous mice. The rig-1 locus is closely linked to or within the H-2 complex. Two alleles have been defined: rig-1d and rig-1b in H-2d and H-2b haplotypes, respectively. Homozygous rig-1d animals heterozygous for the BALB/c Rig-2 allele(s) have very low levels of Igh-1b. The designation of Rig-2 is provisional since it has not been mapped or defined as a single locus. PMID- 6792068 TI - New complexities at the Qa-1 locus. AB - Mouse strain and tissue distribution analyses indicate that the new antiserum A anti-A-Tlab recognizes the cell-surface product governed by the previously serologically undetectable Qa-1b allele. This cell-surface product has therefore been called Qa-1.2. Three levels of anti-Qa-1.2 cytotoxicity in the presence of complement have been observed: high, intermediate, and zero lysis. In general, high levels of lysis correlate with the presence of the Qa-1b allele, while zero levels of lysis correlate with the presence of the Qa-1a allele. The A.CA strain reacts with both anti-Qa-1.1 and anti-Qa-1.2 and may possess a third allele, Qa Id. Several strains including B6-H-2k react in an intermediate fashion. Recombinant strain analyses indicate that this intermediate reaction may be due to modifying genes within the H-2D region. PMID- 6792069 TI - Evidence for involvement of the H-2Kb and I-Ab genes in hybrid resistance to P815 X2. PMID- 6792071 TI - Effects and site of action of a single-breath of 100% CO2 on the monosynaptic reflexes in cats. AB - A single breath of 100% CO2 produces depression of the monosynaptic reflexes, recorded from L7 or S1 ventral root, after stimulation of the Posterior Biceps and Semitendinosus nerve (PBST) in anaesthetised cats. As the depression could not be attributed to the J-reflex(1), the possible site of action of the CO2 induced depression of monosynaptic reflexes was worked out. PBST nerve threshold did not change after CO2 introduction and the depression persisted in paralysed cats under controlled ventilation, thus eliminating the possibility of movement effect of the spinal cord due to tachypnoea. Spinal cord sections at the level of L1 and C1 abolished the depression, whereas the depression persisted in the decerebrate preparation. Thus it is concluded that a single-breath of 100% CO2 depresses the monosynaptic reflexes at the supraspinal level. Blood gas tensions (PO2 and pCO2) measured before and after CO2 introduction showed a shortlasting increase in pCO2 and not much significant change in pO2 compared to the long lasting depression of monosynaptic reflexes. PMID- 6792070 TI - The diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric practice. PMID- 6792072 TI - [Biochemical methods for the determination of a clinical protein catabolism]. AB - 1. 20 patients before surgery received enteral nutrition for three days (12 g nitrogen, 1800 Kcal). Nitrogen and urea excretions in urine during the second and third day were determined. Eleven patients had a negative nitrogen balance (-2,7 and -2,4 g/day). In these patients urea production rates were 21,1 and 20,1 g/day. An urea production rate exceeding 15 g urea/day is probable an indication for a protein catabolism. The reason for this catabolic state seems to be a decreased protein utilisation (49 and 47 percent) as the result of a metabolic stress situation. This metabolic stress was determined according the stress index (Bistrian). The patients were in a stress situation comparable to postoperative stress (+3,7 and +3,9). The determination of urea production rate and catabolic index seems a suitable tool for defining a catabolic state. 2. 3-met-histidine excretion in urine were measured in seven patients postoperatively. In different periods saline or aminoacids solutions (5% alanine) were infused. During alanine administration protein (+49%)--and 3-met-histidine excretions (+50%) increased. It is not possible to state a catabolic situation out of the 3-met-histidine excretion, because an increased excretion may result from a stimulated protein synthesis in muscle tissue or from an increased muscleprotein wasting. 3. Free amino acid pools in plasma and muscle tissue were analysed in patients with severe illness of liver and pancreas. The free amino acid pattern differed from healthy volunteers. In patients with liver disease significantly increased concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine and methionine were found. In patients with acute pancreatitis highly abnormal pattern of intracellular amino acids occurred with decreased concentrations of glutamine, cysteine, histidine, lysine, arginine and ornithine. The highly significant decreased concentrations of glutamine (p less than 0,01) indicate a catabolic situation of these patients. A quantification of the severity of the catabolic state out of amino acid concentrations is not possible. PMID- 6792073 TI - [Protein and energy metabolism in intensive care patients]. AB - 30 intensive-care surgical patients were randomly divided into two groups. Metabolic substrates, nitrogen balance, energy balance, and gaseous exchange were measured. Both groups were investigated under the following conditions: 1. our routinely administered parenteral diet (1.5 g amino acid . kg-1 . d-1 and 7.6 g carbohydrate kg . d-1) 2. an infusion regimen containing an increased amount of carbohydrates, clearly exceeding energy expenditure (1.5 g amino acids . kg-1 . d 1 and 12 g carbohydrate . kg-1 . d-1) and under a two-fold aminod-acid intake (3.0 g . kg-1 . d-1 and 7.6 g carbohydrates . kg-1 . d-1). The energy expenditure of the patients in the two investigated groups averages 3000 kcal . d-1. We can cover this energy expenditure with an increased carbohydrate intake of 12 g . kg 1 . d-1. However, the data observed from the gas exchange measurements--the RQ remained still about 0.9--and urea-nitrogen excretion, suggest that even an excessive administration of carbohydrate does not totally suppress the participation of endogenous fat and protein in the oxidative energy-production process. By administering 3.0 g amino acids . kg-1 . d-1 nitrogen balance can be achieved, but leads to further elevation of BUN levels; while nitrogen excretion is not markedly increased when compared to the patients receiving 1.5 g amino acids . kg-1 . d-1. These results seem to indicate that nearly all of the high amounts of caloric substrates and amino acids are used to meet energy expenditure and nitrogen loss of intensive-care patients in the early period after trauma or severe illness, but they also serve as an additional burden for the extremely stressed metabolism in this situation. PMID- 6792074 TI - [Carbohydrate infusion in internal diseases. A comparative study in metabolically healthy patients, patients with liver diseases and diabetic patients. I. Physiopathologic aspects in the parenteral administration of monosaccharides]. AB - The biochemical basis of the metabolism of glucose and non-glucose-carbohydrates (fructose, sorbitol, xylitol) is presented. The potential draw backs of the parenteral application of large doses of these carbohydrates in internally ill patients, based on the results of experiments with isolated perfused livers or animals and case reports, are reviewed. These considerations form the basis for investigations in internally ill patients (liver cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus) and healthy controls in order to find out if low dose, long term, parenteral infusion of glucose or mixtures of glucose with non-glucose-carbohydrates are applicable to these patients without major side effects. The results of these investigations will be published in following papers. PMID- 6792075 TI - [Clinical experiences with a standardized balanced diet in maxillo-facial surgery]. AB - The clinical trial of a standardized balanced diet--Berodiet S--in maxillo-facial surgery during a year-period permits in regard to all aspects a fully satisfying review of this kind of tube feeding. The balanced relation of nutritive substances of biologically high value according to physiologically nutritional recommendations, a good tube passage, minimal energy of preparation and in case application by nursing personal and the practically unimportant danger of bacterial contamination in giving due regard to corresponding application notices fulfill all choosing criteria of clinical applicability of this tube feeding, which has to be evaluated also because of its individual compatibility as extremely positive and extensively free of secondary effects within the bounds of physiological requirements. PMID- 6792076 TI - Killing of Listeria monocytogens by conventional and germfree rat sera. AB - Serum from both germfree and conventional rats, but not plasma or plasma serum, killed Listeria monocytogenes in vitro by a calcium-dependent mechanism that was independent of either complement or lysozyme and was not inhibited by the addition of iron. The listericidin was purified by passing either rat serum or platelet lysate through a nitrocellulose filter (0.2 micrometer) and eluting the activity from the filter with 0.02 N HCl. The partially purified listericidin was heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), removed by absorption with zymosan or bentonite, sensitive to treatment with trypsin or pronase, and inhibited by the addition of citrate (0.045 M), suggesting that the serum listericidin is a cationic protein. The development of serum listericidal activity, which could be important in the innate resistance of rats to L. monocytogenes, was dependent on both age and microbial status. Although some discrepancies exist between the serum listericidin and previous descriptions of serum beta-lysin, we believe that the rat serum listericidin is a similar cationic protein. PMID- 6792077 TI - Plasmid-chromosomal transition of genes important in staphylococcal enterotoxin B expression. AB - Experiments were performed to further elucidate the genetic mechanisms underlying the synthesis of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Our laboratory has previously shown that, in strains of Staphylococcus aureus which harbor a 1.15 megadalton plasmid (pentB or pSN2), the plasmid appears to be required for SEB synthesis; in other S. aureus strains, designated chromosomal SEB producers, this 1.15-megadalton plasmid is conspicuously absent. We report here than in both Bacillus subtilis minicells and a coupled translational assay, pSN2 codes for a polypeptide of 18,000 daltons. This product is not immunologically reactive with purified anti-SEB globulin. Nevertheless, pSN2 is necessary but not sufficient for SEB synthesis in strains which harbor the plasmid. Further, the data provide a reasonable link between plasmid-bearing and chromosomal SEB producers: transformational analysis indicates that both require functions specified (in plasmid-bearing strains) by pSN2 for SEB synthesis. The combined genetic and biochemical data suggest that pSN2 is not the reservoir for the SEB structural gene, but that the pSN2-specific functions required for SEB synthesis are regulatory in nature. PMID- 6792078 TI - Mechanism for nonspecific immunity of Listeria monocytogenes in rats mediated by platelets and the clotting system. AB - A proposed mechanism for nonspecific immunity to Listeria monocytogenes in rats based on the existence of an activatable lysin is described. Using a deoxyribonucleic acid release assay, we found lysin activity in serum made from whole blood but not in serum made from platelet-free plasma. Washed platelets and platelet lysates exhibited only partial activity as compared with that in serum. This activity was amplified by the addition of platelet-free plasma serum. The activity of the lysin was unaffected by heparin, dialysis, a serine esterase inhibitor, or heating to 56 degrees C for 30 min. Effective inhibitors were ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and stronger heating (to 65 degrees C). Listeria organisms were found to reduce the recalcified clotting time to platelet-rich plasma in a dose-dependent fashion, indicating that the organisms can exhibit procoagulant activity. The susceptibility of rats to Listeria infection was enhanced by anticoagulant treatment. Rats were infected with Listeria organisms with and without administration of heparin. Heparin-treated rats developed bacteremia, and some died. None of the control rats developed bacteremia or died. These results suggest that natural immunity to Listeria infection is partly due to a platelet-dependent lysin which is activated during clotting and is, in turn, promoted by the Listeria organisms themselves. PMID- 6792079 TI - Serum bactericidal effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - The bactericidal activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients was determined in a 10% concentration of normal serum or autologous cystic fibrosis serum. Of the 167 strains tested, 77 (46%) were sensitive (greater than 95% killed) in normal serum. Mucoid strains were more frequently sensitive than nonmucoid strains. Twenty-three sensitive strains tested in ethyleneglycoltetraacetic acid-chelated serum were resistant (less than 10% killed), suggesting only classical pathway activation. Absorption of cystic fibrosis serum with the autologous P. aeruginosa strain resulted in decreased killing by that serum. All sera, including the chelated and absorbed sera, had comparable total hemolytic complement levels. Patients in poor clinical condition (5 out of 12), in contrast to patients in good or moderate condition(1 out of 30), were more likely to have P. aeruginosa strains that were serum resistant in autologous serum but sensitive in normal serum. Sera from these five patients in poor clinical condition were capable of killing heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. These results suggest the presence of a protective or "blocking" activity in serum from some patients in poor clinical conditions. This association of a blocking activity with clinical condition may signal a transition point in the progression of cystic fibrosis lung disease and thus may be another contributory factor in the failure of the cystic fibrosis host to control infection. PMID- 6792080 TI - Antibodies to cell envelope proteins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Many vaccines containing somatic and secreted antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been reported. The vaccines containing lipopolysaccharide have been found to provide type-specific protection, but the endotoxin content of these vaccines does not make it feasible to use them in patients who are already debilitated. Outer membrane proteins could be effective as vaccines, as they can be purified free of lipopolysaccharide, and also because they are common to all serotypes of P. aeruginosa. To be effective as a vaccine, such proteins must be immunogenic and accessible from the outside of the intact bacterial cell. In this study, we showed that systemic antibodies were produced frequently to two cell envelope proteins with masses of 58,500 and 37,500 daltons and occasionally to 34,000 dalton protein of P. aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis patients with chronic lung infections. In rabbits immunized with whole, fixed cells of P. aeruginosa, antibodies were also produced against the 58,500-dalton proteins. Thus, the 58,500-dalton cell envelope protein of P. aeruginosa was the only immunogenic protein that was accessible to the immune system when whole, fixed cells were used for immunization. These serum antibodies did not protect the cystic fibrosis patients against further lung infection with P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6792081 TI - Ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, and commensal Neisseria species to obtain iron from transferrin and iron compounds. AB - The ability of Neisseria species to use iron compounds and to compete with iron binding proteins was examined with deferrated defined medium and the iron chelator deferoxamine. All Neisseria species were able to assimilate a variety of ferric and ferrous iron salts. They were not able to efficiently solubilize an inorganic iron salt such as ferric nitrate, but were able to use iron chelated by citrate, oxalacetate, pyrophosphate, or nitrilotriacetate. Each of the 95 Neisseria isolates examined was able to use hemin as a sole source of iron, and most, but not all, of the isolates were able to obtain iron from hemoglobin. Heated human serum stimulated growth of all gonococci, meningococci, and some commensal Neisseria species in iron-deficient medium. All gonococci and meningococci were able to scavenge iron from 25% saturated transferrin, whereas most commensal organisms were inhibited by this iron-binding protein. The ability to compete with transferrin was specific, since partially saturated conalbumin was bacteriostatic for all Neisseria species. Although the pathogenic Neisseria species were able to compete more efficiently with transferrin for iron than were the nonpathogenic Neisseria species, no correlation was observed between the virulence of different strains or colony types of gonococci and the ability to scavenge iron in vitro from transferrin or other chelators. PMID- 6792082 TI - Immunological and biochemical relationships among flagella isolated from Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, and 3. AB - Flagella were isolated from virulent Legionella pneumophila serogroups 1, 2, and 3. Antiserum made against purified serogroups 1 flagellin agglutinated live, flagellated serogroups 1, 2, and 3 but not heat-killed or nonflagellated bacteria. A single line of identity was seen in immunodiffusion slides between the flagella isolated from the three serogroups and antibody to flagellin isolated from serogroups 1, 2, and 3. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining showed that antibody to flagellin isolated from serogroup 1 organisms reacted with flagella on serogroup 1, 2, and 3 bacteria. Indirect immunoperoxidase staining was also showed that antibody to flagellin isolated from serogroup 1 L. pneumophila did not react with the serogroup-specific cell surface antigen, thus demonstrating that the flagella- and the serogroup-specific antigen are separate antigens. The amino acid content of the flagella from the three serogroups was essentially the same, with aspartate, glutamate, alanine, and threonine comprising 41% of the total. Thirty-five percent of the amino acids were hydrophobic, and there were not detectable amounts of cysteine, tryptophan, or tyrosine. PMID- 6792084 TI - Massive pulmonary infarction during total cardiopulmonary bypass in unanesthetized spontaneously breathing lambs. AB - We provided total cardiopulmonary support for 1-18 hours in unanesthetized tethered lambs by peripheral vascular cannulation, using a roller pump and the spiral membrane lung. Respirations were allowed to remain spontaneous and unaided. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed for retrograde pulmonary artery blood flow sampling. Within a few minutes following induced ventricular fibrillation the PCO2 of sampled blood flowing retrograde through the lungs fell below 10 mm Hg, the PO2 rose to near 150 mm Hg, the pH rose to above 7.8, and the glucose level fell to less than 20 mg %. All of these values later gradually shifted, approaching mixed venous blood values within minutes. After 1-18 hrs of perfusion the animals went into shock and were sacrificed. At autopsy, the lungs of animals breathing room air were beefy and hemorrhagic. In lambs that were "breathing" CO2 enriched air the retrograde pulmonary artery blood pH and PCO2 was usually maintained close to the mixed venous blood values. The observed pulmonary changes were considerably less abnormal, and the microscopic abnormalities were at times nonexistent. We believe the integrity of pulmonary blood flow is vital to the survival of the lungs as a functioning organ. Cessation of total forward pulmonary blood flow (unlike partial cardiopulmonary bypass), combined with spontaneous pulmonary ventilation, rapidly leads to massive, pulmonary infarctions, shock, and death. PMID- 6792085 TI - Tyrosinase immobilized within artificial cells for detoxification in liver failure: II. In vivo studies in fulminant hepatic failure rats. AB - Galactosamine-induced fulminant hepatic failure rats were used for in vivo studies of the removal of tyrosine and total free phenol by means of hemoperfusion over immobilized tyrosinase within artificial cells. The elevated plasma tyrosine level was decreased to about half the value after one hour of hemoperfusion. The studies of tyrosine clearance suggest that it is efficient and remains constant throughout the one-hour hemoperfusion. In those galactosamine induced fulminant hepatic failure rats with increased total free phenol levels hemoperfusion over tyrosinase artificial cells significantly lowered the level. PMID- 6792083 TI - Relationship between plasmid content and auxotype in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates. AB - One hundred and forty strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, representing 12 different auxotype groups, were examined for differences in plasmid content. Most auxotype groups harbored a phenotypically cryptic 2,6-megadalton plasmid; a few groups also carried a 24.5-megadalton plasmid which has been previously characterized as a transfer plasmid. However, isolates of the proline-, citrulline-, and uracil requiring (PCU-) auxotype were consistently free of plasmids. The correlation between auxotype and plasmid content is especially significant since, in Canada, PCU- isolates have the second highest prevalence of all auxotypes. PMID- 6792086 TI - Murine natural anti-tumor antibodies. II. The contribution of natural antibodies to tumor surveillance. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate whether natural anti-tumor antibodies (NAb) contributed to the surveillance of small inocula of syngeneic tumors. Experiments were designed to distinguish between NAb and NK-mediated host resistance. Four approaches were used: (1) the isolation of tumor variants differing in their tumorigenicity and susceptibility to these mechanisms, and to activated macrophages; (2) a comparison of the effects of adjuvants on the modification of both host resistance and the activity of these effectors; (3) the relationship between the ontogeny of the natural resistance mechanisms and tumorigenicity in aged mice; and (4) the use of a Winn-type assay. These studies provided support for a role in natural resistance correlated with both the ability of tumors to bind NAb, and the production of NAb in adjuvant-stimulated mice. Furthermore, the frequency of tumors observed after tumor challenge more closely correlated with the ontogeny of natural antibody than NK cells, and tumors coated with NAb were less tumorigenic than controls. The reduced tumorigenicity of an NK-sensitive tumor, when compared to an NK-resistant variant of the same line, provided evidence for NK-cell-mediated natural resistance in young adult mice. It was concluded that natural resistance to tumors is a complex phenomenon dependent on the tumor phenotype, as well as the activity of several effector mechanisms, and that natural anti-tumor antibody must be considered an important component of host resistance. PMID- 6792087 TI - Bacterial persistence in leprosy. AB - Bacterial persistence is the capability of microorganisms to survive in the host despite adequate antimicrobial treatment. This is a general phenomenon and has been observed during infection with a number of organisms. The subject is reviewed in relation to the treatment of leprosy. The presence of persisters in the large bacterial populations that exist in patients with lepromatous leprosy is not surprising. It is unlikely that in the near future a new drug or combination of drugs will be found that is capable of eradicating persisting M. leprae. It may be useful, nevertheless, to reconsider whether the sporadic demonstration of viable, drug-susceptible organisms after antimicrobial treatment of variable duration and efficacy warrants a policy of life long chemotherapy in lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6792088 TI - New developments in bacteriology for dermatologists. PMID- 6792089 TI - Anthrax. PMID- 6792090 TI - Unusual ocular complications in fractures involving the orbit. PMID- 6792091 TI - A new combination of drugs intended to be used as a preventive measure for the postextraction complications. A preliminary report. AB - Fifteen extraction sockets packed with a new drug combination, including a local anesthetic (cincain chloride), a local antiseptic (tri-iodomethane) and two drugs with a potent antifibrinolytic activity (tranexamic acid and propyl hydroxybenzoic acid) in Gelfoam as a vehicle, were assessed clinically with special reference to the development of the postextraction symptoms, dry socket included. As a control series, 15 extraction sockets allowed to undergo a spontaneous healing were similarly evaluated. All the sockets in both series were found to heal according to the normal sequence. There were, however, statistically highly significant differences between the two series with regard to the clotting time, postextraction pain and the need for adjunct analgesics, in favor of the sockets packed with the compound in test. The observed beneficial effects of the test compound are discussed in the light of the recently elucidated etiologic and pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the development of dry socket, and a conclusion is drawn that the present results, although preliminary due to the limited number of patients, advocate further evaluation of the new drug combination and its applicability in the prevention of the troublesome postextraction complications, including dry socket. PMID- 6792092 TI - Normal and retrograde blood supply to the body of the mandible in the dog. I. A new method for selective multicolor arterial perfusion, combined with microangiography and histology. AB - An experimental study was performed to evaluate a method for selective, multicolor arterial perfusion. In seven adult beagle dogs the lingual, facial and mandibular arteries on one side were cannulated and perfused selectively with different colored perfusates (Microfil and Colorpaque). Identification of the perfusates was achieved using a clearing technique combined with microradiography and histology. With this method, the vascular territories of the body of the mandible and its adjacent tissue could then be identified separately. PMID- 6792094 TI - Effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation of mature permanent incisors in monkeys. AB - The effect of extra-alveolar period and storage media upon periodontal and pulpal healing after replantation was studied in green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). Mandibular lateral incisors were extracted. The extra-alveolar period before replantation was 0, 18, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min. The storage media for the extracted teeth were tap water, physiologic saline, saliva or dry storage. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth were examined histometrically. The following histologic parameters were registered for each tooth: surface resorption, inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption (ankylosis), periapical inflammatory changes, the extent of vital pulp and downgrowth of pocket epithelium. A significant relationship was found between the frequency of root resorption, extra-alveolar period and storage medium. This was especially evident after dry storage. Surface resorption was found with approximately the same frequency irrespective of extra-alveolar period and storage media. Inflammatory root resorption was especially common after dry storage and was related to the length of the extra-alveolar period. Already after 30 min dry storage, this resorption type was very prominent. Teeth stored in tap water, saline or saliva showed about the same frequency of inflammatory resorption, which increased slightly with increased extra-alveolar periods. Replacement resorption showed a strong relationship to dry storage and became very prominent after 60 min. Replacement resorption was rarely found among teeth stored in saline or saliva; whereas it was significantly increased among teeth stored in tap water. It is concluded that saline and saliva offer good protection against root resorption during the extra-alveolar period. PMID- 6792093 TI - Normal and retrograde blood supply to the body of the mandible in the dog. II. The role played by periosteo-medullary and symphyseal anastomoses. AB - An experimental study was carried out in 8 dogs to delineate the blood supply to the body of the mandible under normal conditions and when the central (medullary) circulation was blocked. A vascular blocking technique combined with selective arterial perfusion using different colored perfusates was used. The results were based on an evaluation of cleared specimens, microradiography and histology. Under normal conditions, the inferior alveolar artery was shown to be the sole source of perfusate to the entire mandibular body, marginal gingiva and the subperiosteal layer, without any contribution from facial artery branches. Several perfused symphyseal anastomoses were found. When the medullary circulation was blocked, retrograde perfusion was evident only in the medullary bone of the frontal region 30 min. after blocking. Marked periosteal and symphyseal vascularity and an increased medullary perfusion were seen 3 days later. 30 days after vascular blocking, perfusion was demonstrated throughout the entire bone including dental pulps. The facial artery was found to be the source of the retrograde perfusion through symphyseal and periosteo-medullary anastomoses in cases with blocked central (medullary) circulation. PMID- 6792096 TI - Carcinoma of the maxillary sinus with eosinophilia. Report of a case. AB - A patient with carcinoma of the maxillary sinus presented with a blood eosinophilia and infiltration of eosinophilic leukocytes into the tumor tissue. Immediately after cancer therapy with intraarterial infusion of 5-fluorouracil into the superficial temporal artery, necrotomy and resection of the maxilla including radical neck dissection, the number of eosinophilic leukocytes was suddenly decreased and thereafter a transient increase in blood eosinophilic leukocyte count was observed. In this communication, a tentative mechanism for these events is suggested. PMID- 6792095 TI - Periodontal healing after replantation and autotransplantation of incisors in monkeys. AB - The effect of injury to the cemental or alveolar part of the periodontal ligament upon periodontal healing after replantation and autotransplantation of teeth was studied in green Vervet monkeys. Sixty-six maxillary central incisors were replanted or autotransplanted after extra-alveolar periods of 18 min. saline storage or 120 min. dry storage. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and the teeth examined histometrically. Identical healing was found in the following experimental groups: replantation or autotransplantation after 18 min. and replantation with or without removal of periodontal ligament in the alveolus. A significant increase in replacement resorption (ankylosis) compared to the 18 min. replantation group was found in the following groups: replantation and autotransplantation after 120 min., replantation after removal of periodontal ligament on the root surface and autotransplantation after 120 min. to a socket where the tooth was extracted 18 min. earlier. Autotransplantation after 18 min. to a socket where a tooth had been extracted 120 min. earlier led to a significant increase in the amount of replacement resorption compared to transplantation to an 18 min. socket. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the presence of an intact and viable periodontal ligament on the root surface is the most important factor in assuring healing without root resorption. The length of the extra-alveolar period also seems to exert some influence upon the socket, enhancing the development of ankylosis. PMID- 6792097 TI - Oral mucosal lesions in association with epilepsy and cutaneous lesions: the Pringle-Bourneville syndrome. PMID- 6792098 TI - Carcinoma of the tongue in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum. PMID- 6792099 TI - Seroimmunological and parasitological surveys of Leucocytozoon caulleryi infection in chickens in several Asian countries. PMID- 6792100 TI - The role of carbon dioxide in the formation of end-products by Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 6792101 TI - Radiosensitization of microorganisms by radical anions. I. Medium effects. AB - Irradiation of Streptococcus faecalis in a neutral, N2O/Br- system leads to practically complete killing with extraordinarily low doses of irradiation, namely a D10 of 13 Gy compared to 470 Gy in N2, 250 Gy in N2O and 160 Gy in O2. However, irradiation and chemical investigations demonstrated that the apparent radiosensitization in neutral, N2O/Br- is due mainly to bromine, Br2 and HOBr rather than Br-3 or the radical anion, Br-2. For example, addition of unirradiated bacteria to a previously irradiated neutral solution of N2O/Br- reduces survival. The medium effects are eliminated by radiation chemical and/or chemical reactions which destroy bromine, such as occur in basic solutions, in N2/Br- or O2/Br- systems because of back reactions of Br2 with e-aq in the former and of Br2 with H2O2 and O-2 in the latter. Neither are medium effects produced in N2O/Br- systems at pH greater than 9. However, in N2/Br- the D10 = 82 Gy compared to 160 Gy in O2 which indicates that for S. faecalis Br-2 is intrinsically a more effective radiosensitizing agent than oxygen. PMID- 6792102 TI - Radiosensitization of microorganisms by radical anions. II. Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The inactivation of Streptococcus faecalis by radiolytically generated selective inorganic radical anions was investigated. The Br-2 radical, but not (CNS)-2, had a pronounced radiosensitizing action. In gamma-irradiated solutions at pH 7.0, the radiosensitization of a variety of scavenging systems was studied. Among these the D10 for N2/Br- was 0.082 kGy while N2O/CNS- = 0.35 kGy, N2O = 0.25 kGy, N2 = 0.47, and O2 = 0.16 kGy. As shown previously, inactivation in N2O/Br- systems is due mainly to Br2 and HOBr. From the variation of the inactivation with pH by Br-2 and (CNS)-2 it was deduced that tyrosine is crucial for the survival of S. faecalis via inactivation of enzymes with essential tyrosine residues such as aldolase and lipoyl dehydrogenase which are presumably needed to make energy available for DNA repair. Studies with a variety of scavengers also revealed that the t-butanol radical produced some radiosensitization of S. faecalis while the damaging effect of e-aq was much less than OH as shown by the D10 at pH 7.0; N2/t-butanol = 0.32 and N2/ethanol = 0.71. The radiosensitizing action of Br-2 in a natural environment containing sewage sludge was also determined, using the faecal streptococcal group as test organisms. PMID- 6792103 TI - Brain intermediary metabolism in vivo: changes with carbon dioxide, development, and seizures. PMID- 6792104 TI - N, N-dimethyltryptamine: an endogenous hallucinogen. PMID- 6792105 TI - Surgery in patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant. AB - Twelve surgical procedures were performed in eight patients with circulating lupus anticoagulant. Bleeding complications were noted intra and postoperatively in three patients, either with an associated hypoprothrombinemia and/or thrombocytopenia. Five patients in whom only circulating lupus anticoagulant was found had an uneventful intra and postoperative course. It is concluded that the presence of lupus anticoagulant, when unassociated with other hemostatic defects, is not a contraindication for surgery. PMID- 6792107 TI - Heat-denaturation of pig kidney diamine oxidase: effect of arcaine. AB - Pig kidney diamine oxidase is protected against heat denaturation by the presence of inhibitors like tetramethylene diguanine (arcaine). In the presence of inhibitor the enzyme retains its full activity even after 30 min. incubation at 60 degrees C. This inhibitor binds to the enzyme inducing small but significant absorption changes in the near uv spectrum. Temperature dependence of intrinsic fluorescence yield is different in the presence and absence of arcaine, indicating a conformational stabilizing effect of this inhibitor. PMID- 6792108 TI - Kerma transmission through various materials for a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam. PMID- 6792106 TI - Purification of human prostatic acid phosphatase and preparation of a specific antiserum in the rabbit. AB - A modification of previously described methods for the purification of human prostatic acid phosphatase from prostatic tissue is proposed. The purification scheme comprises an Ammonium sulphate fractionation and affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A-Sepharose after dialysis against water. After DEAE-Sephadex A 50 chromatography, the final step is an Ultrogel AcA 34 fractionation. The purified PAP has a specific enzymatic activity of 675 U/mg protein and the total yield is of 32%. PMID- 6792109 TI - A study of variation in measurement of doses of nitroglycerin ointment. PMID- 6792110 TI - Strategies for creative emergence. PMID- 6792111 TI - The nominal group technique: a health education strategy. PMID- 6792112 TI - Responsibility and alcohol: teaching responsible decisions about alcohol and its use for those who choose to drink. PMID- 6792113 TI - The mobile seminar: adventure in expanding the classroom. PMID- 6792114 TI - Are mobile education units effective in school health programs? PMID- 6792115 TI - Filming a health education movie. PMID- 6792116 TI - Health newscast. PMID- 6792117 TI - To tell the truth: a classroom gaming procedure. PMID- 6792118 TI - Teaching physical fitness: an action approach. PMID- 6792120 TI - Planning a grantsmanship workshop: a step-by-step prototype. PMID- 6792119 TI - Exploring risks and benefits of the birth control pill. PMID- 6792121 TI - Academic grantsmanship. PMID- 6792123 TI - Speaking of competencies. PMID- 6792122 TI - Back to some basics of health lesson planning. PMID- 6792124 TI - Social learning theory and health education. PMID- 6792125 TI - Determining health education impact through proxy measures of behavior change. PMID- 6792126 TI - The behavioral sciences and health education. PMID- 6792128 TI - Are there any questions? PMID- 6792127 TI - Propositions for an alternate and complementary health education paradigm. PMID- 6792129 TI - Environmental health education for survival. PMID- 6792131 TI - The behavioral sciences and health education. Disciplines with a compatible interest? PMID- 6792130 TI - Introducing women's self-help in the curriculum. PMID- 6792132 TI - Making screening testing educational for elementary pupils: a pre-professional exercise. PMID- 6792134 TI - Behavioral medicine, public health and communication theories. PMID- 6792133 TI - Health promotion through the development of mutual support groups in the college classroom. PMID- 6792135 TI - Self-perception vs concepts of alcoholics and drug addicts. PMID- 6792136 TI - A computerized health profile model for adolescents. PMID- 6792137 TI - The great job hunt: health educators' dilemma. PMID- 6792138 TI - The role of the health planner in health systems development. PMID- 6792140 TI - Experimental teaching: death and children. PMID- 6792139 TI - Barriers and bridges: understanding factors affecting health maintenance. PMID- 6792141 TI - The domain of health. PMID- 6792142 TI - Health or hazard? A post-China Syndrome game. PMID- 6792144 TI - Historical research: does it apply to health education? PMID- 6792145 TI - Ethics and health education: issues and implications. PMID- 6792143 TI - A survey of health educators regarding a health education area test in the National Teacher Examinations. PMID- 6792146 TI - A study of stressors in the college student population. PMID- 6792147 TI - Advancing school health education via the National Diffusion Network. PMID- 6792148 TI - Teaching students to be lifelong peer educators. PMID- 6792149 TI - Changes in sex guilt, premarital sexual intimacy attitudes and sexual behavior during a human sexuality course. PMID- 6792150 TI - Advocating elementary sex education. PMID- 6792151 TI - Advancing and financing health education in the 1980's. PMID- 6792152 TI - University president supports health education. Philosophy into action. PMID- 6792153 TI - Affective evaluation techniques in school health education. PMID- 6792154 TI - TACT for health educators. PMID- 6792155 TI - Coping more effectively through rational self-counseling. PMID- 6792156 TI - Cognitive perceptions of importance in students' decisions about smoking. PMID- 6792157 TI - Biographical research in health education. PMID- 6792158 TI - Internships and community health education: is the juice worth the squeeze? PMID- 6792159 TI - A further example of hemoglobin Hikari (beta 61[E5] Lys replaced by Asn). PMID- 6792160 TI - Pituitary testicular axis function and sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity in thalassaemia major. AB - Pituitary testicular function was investigated in 19 prepubertal and in 5 pubertal male thalassaemic patients. Total plasma testosterone in prepubertal and in pubertal patients was significantly lower than in controls. In the prepubertal thalassaemics, the lower total testosterone concentration correlated with the diminished sex hormone binding globulin binding capacity (SHBGcap), and the free testosterone levels were normal. The lower testosterone is probably due to the damaged liver function rather than to a diminished testicular function. In the pubertal patients, the testosterone reduction is equally due to the SHBG bound testosterone fraction and the free testosterone fraction. Basal and LHRH stimulated plasma gonadotrophin levels were also significantly decreased in the pubertal subjects. The observed hypotestosteronemia in the pubertal thalassaemics seems to depend on the impaired pituitary gonadotrophin secretion probably due to the chronic iron overload. PMID- 6792161 TI - [Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary infections in children. Long-term use of a weak dose of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]. AB - The efficacy of a long-term prophylaxis with Co-trimoxazole was studied in 18 girls with recurrent urinary tract infections. SEven patients had neither anatomical nor functional anomalies of the urinary tract. Eight patients had a vesico-ureteral reflux, and three patients a complex urinary problem. The following therapeutic plan was applied: administration of a low dose of Co trimoxazole (TMP: 0,6-1 mg/kg) given as a single evening dose during 3 months followed by a 3-month period without treatment. The children were followed in this way during 2 years. Seven children had no reinfection from the start of the prophylaxis during the 2 years of observation. Nine children had a significant decrease of the number of reinfections during the Co-trimoxazole treatment periods. Two children without anatomical anomaly had early reinfections with Co trimoxazole resistant germs. No side effects related to Co-trimoxazole have been observed, and the tolerance of treatment was excellent. Co-trimoxazole administered as a single evening low dose efficiently prevented the recurrence of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6792162 TI - The estimation of epistasis in components of fitness in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster I. A two-stage maximum likelihood model. AB - Laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster bearing the Curly and Plum marked second chromosome inversions were observed in selection experiments for ten discrete generations. Maximum likelihood estimates of the relative fitnesses of Curly, Plum, Curly-Plum, and wild phenotypes were obtained from selection trajectories. Using these estimates, measures of multiplicative and additive epistasis were calculated. These were partitioned into pre-sampling and post sampling components, and both were found to be significant. In several cases the sign of the epistasis of the two components was reversed, and the direction of net epistasis depended on the particular inversion. The significance of partitioning epistasis into components is discussed in the light of two locus population genetic theory. PMID- 6792163 TI - The estimation of epistasis in components of fitness in experimental populations of drosophila melanogaster II. Assessment of meiotic drive, viability, fecundity and sexual selection. AB - An analysis of fitness components was performed on laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster bearing Curly and Plum marked second chromosome inversions with two genetic backgrounds. Selective differences between Curly, Plum, Curly-Plum, and wild phenotypes were partitioned into meiotic drive, viability, fecundity and mating success. Although no significant meiotic drive was detected, there were significant differences between genotypes in the other three components. Interlocus interactions in fertility and sexual selection components were measured, and statistics to quantify epistasis at these levels of fitness were devised. Significant fitness interactions between genes on the Curly and Plum inversions in viability, fecundity, and sexual selection were found. These results were qualitatively consistent with the maximum likelihood fitness estimates found previously. The expected allele frequency trajectories computed from the estimated components adequately fitted the observed selection trajectories. PMID- 6792164 TI - Disequilibrium between linked inversions: an alternative hypothesis. AB - Data are presented which demonstrate a difference in the rate of recombination between cis and trans inversion double heterozygotes in Drosophila melanogaster. The corresponding two-locus theoretical model in which the double heterozygotes have different rates of recombination and no selection operates is analysed. We show that stable linkage disequilibrium can be maintained in this neutral situation. These results bear on the general observation in wild populations of several insect species that linked inversions manifest linkage disequilibrium. PMID- 6792165 TI - Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. VII. Genotype-environment interaction for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. AB - Genotype-environment interaction was detected for ADH activity amongst a set of 18 highly inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster which had been extracted from the laboratory population, "Texas". The genotype-environment interaction for ADH activity was not wholly associated with genotype-environment interaction for body weight or total protein level. Detailed analyses of the responses of the individual inbred lines in ADH activity in relation to the environmental index, ej and following the procedure of Jinks and Pooni (1979), showed substantial diversity in the form of response. Lines homozygous for the AdhF allele were more environmentally sensitive than AdhS/S lines. Amongst the 16 AdhS/S lines, models of linear, quadratic or two intersecting-straight-lines were used to illustrate the varied responses of genotypes to the environment. The heterogeneity in the response characteristics of the inbred lines was attributed to variations in the conditions of culture media normally present within populations and laboratories. Moreover the non-linear responses shown by some lines to the environment are consistent with a model of genotype-environment interaction for ADH activity mediated by varied genotype-specific sensitivities to different environmental factors. PMID- 6792166 TI - 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 27-diol: NAD+ oxidoreductase and 3alpha-hydroxy-5beta cholestan-27-al; NAD+ oxidoreductase in rat liver extract. PMID- 6792167 TI - Radiation therapy in the treatment of aggressive fibromatoses. PMID- 6792168 TI - Electron beam energy degradation by low density scattering material. PMID- 6792169 TI - Factors of prognostic and therapeutic significance in patients with bladder cancer. PMID- 6792170 TI - Analysis of failures following local treatment of isolated local-regional recurrence of breast cancer. PMID- 6792171 TI - Long-term changes in natural killer activity after external pelvic radiotherapy. PMID- 6792172 TI - Mannitol agar for microbiologic diagnosis of bovine mastitis. AB - A medium containing mannitol (mannitol agar) was developed and evaluated as a tool for the microbiologic diagnosis of bovine mastitis. Mannitol agar supported growth of all important bacterial mastitis pathogens (staphylococci, streptococci, coliforms, and pseudomonads) except Corynebacterium pyogenes. Color change around colonies in the agar permitted the differentiation of pathogenic from nonpathogenic staphylococci. Most Staphylococcus aureus strains and some Staphylococcus epidermidis strains produced yellow zones. These yellow zone producing strains (mannitol fermenters) of staphylococci were obtained from quarters with significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) somatic cell counts (SCC) in the milk, as compared with uninfected quarters and, therefore, would be considered pathogens. Mannitol-negative strains of S epidermidis (those with red zones) were obtained from quarters with SCC similar to those of uninfected quarters. The streptococci could be divided into 2 groups on the basis of color change around the colonies: Streptococcus agalactiae, Str dysgalactiae, and group G streptococci produced red zones; Str uberis, Str bovis, and enterococci produced yellow zones. Pathogenic streptococci (Str agalactiae, Str dysgalactiae, Str uberis, and group G streptococci) were obtained from quarters with SCC significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than those of uninfected quarters. Streptococcus bovis and enterococci were obtained from quarters with SCC similar to those of uninfected quarters and were considered nonpathogenic. Pathogenic streptococci were found in much higher concentration than nonpathogenic streptococci and could be differentiated on that basis. PMID- 6792173 TI - Diagnosis of urinary incontinence in dogs: role of the urethral pressure profile. AB - Nine cases of urinary incontinence in dogs were evaluated by various diagnostic methods, including the urethral pressure profile (UPP). The UPP was derived from a need to study th dynamics of the urethra in patients with urinary tract obstruction or incompetence of the urethral sphincteric mechanism and was obtained in dogs with similar problems. The method involved slowly withdrawing a fluid-filled catheter through the urethra while a chart recorder graphed the pressure changes within the urethral lumen. The graphs obtained from clinical cases were compared with normal values established for the UPP in dogs. The UPP proved to be a simple and reliable means by which to determine intraurethral events and aided in establishing the cause of urinary incontinence in several dogs. The profile provided a graphic description of intraurethral resistance in each case and was valuable in localizing areas of increased urethral resistance or obstructions and decreased urethral resistance or incompetence. Frequently, specific therapy for the urinary incontinence was instituted on the basis of the UPP. PMID- 6792174 TI - Microbial production of vitamin B12 antimetabolites. IV. Isolation and identification of 4-keto-5-amino-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid. AB - 4-Keto-5-amino-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid was isolated from Bacillus cereus 102804 fermentations and found to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, when grown in a chemically defined medium. The mechanism appeared to be the inhibition of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. The Ki value of 4-keto-5 amino-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid in an enzyme preparation of Propionibacterium shermanii was 0.72 microM. Similar test conditions with 4-keto-5-aminohexanoic acid resulted in Ki of 12.1 microM. In both cases competitive inhibition was found. The structure of 4-keto-5-amino-6-hydroxyhexanoic acid was determined. PMID- 6792175 TI - Directed biosynthesis of new indolmycins. AB - Tryptophan in a concentration of 0.4 microgram/ml increased the production of indolmycin by 37%. The lipophilic character of indolmycin was reduced via directed biosynthesis by substituting the aromatic ring system with a methoxy or hydroxy group in the 5-position of the antibiotic. This substitution was achieved by the addition of the corresponding tryptophan and indole precursors to a growing culture of Streptomyces griseus ATCC 12648. The more hydrophilic indolmycin derivatives displayed a moderate increase in antimicrobial activity as compared to indolmycin, but did not markedly change the Gram-positive/Gram negative ratio of activity. Thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that additives substituted in the 6-position were not incorporated into the molecule. Antibiotic titer was reduced by addition of the modified precursors, especially in the case of the precursors substituted in the 6 position. PMID- 6792176 TI - Gilvocarcins, new antitumor antibiotics. 3. Antitumor activity. AB - Gilvocarcin V, isolated rom a Streptomyces culture showed activity against experimental tumors such as sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma, Meth 1 fibrosarcoma, MH134 hepatoma and lymphocytic leukemia P388. In particular, 40% of treated mice survived for 60 days, after intraperitoneal administration of gilvocarcin V to mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. But it was marginally active against B16 melanoma and did not produce prolongation of lifespan of mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. PMID- 6792177 TI - Effects of copper, with and without ferrous sulfide, and antibiotics on the performance of pigs. AB - Three trials were conducted with 252 pigs to determine the effects of the dietary additions of Cu (250 ppm as copper sulfate), with and without sulfide (500 ppm as ferrous sulfide), and antibiotics (55 ppm chlortetracycline or 27.5 ppm virginiamycin) on the performance and liver Cu stores of growing-finishing pigs. Single additions of Cu, chlortetracycline or virginiamycin to a 16% protein, corn soybean meal-based diet improved daily gains by 4.0, 4.2 and 3.4% and feed to gain ratios by .3, 2.9, and 1.3%, respectively, in comparison with those of pigs fed the control diet. The addition of ferrous sulfide to the high Cu diets reduced liver Cu stores from 278 to 21 ppm, a level approaching that of the control pigs, and increased the growth response to supplemental Cu by 4.0%. The inclusion of both Cu and an antibiotic in the diet in the in the absence or presence of sulfide resulted in daily gains in feed to gain ratios similar to those of pigs receiving a single antimicrobial agent. These data suggest that the growth-promoting effects of Cu and chlortetracycline or Cu and virginiamycin are not additive in the growing-finishing pig allowed to consume feed ad libitum. PMID- 6792178 TI - Effect of heat treatment on true digestibility in the rat, in vitro proteolysis and available lysine content of cottonseed meal protein. AB - Effects of heating cottonseed meal (CSM) protein were quantitatively assessed by determination of true digestibility (TD), in vitro proteolysis, N solubility and fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) available lysine. Flaked, dehulled cottonseed was extracted with hexane and desolventized at 25 C, then autoclaved (121 C, 1.1 kg/cm(2)) for 0, 15, 30, 60, 90 or 120 minutes. Free gossypol was subsequently extracted, and TD was determined in weanling rats. Metabolic fecal N (the fecal N excreted by rats fed a basal diet containing 4% casein protein) was 1.84 +/- .10 mg N/g dry matter intake. TD and FDNB-available lysine (percentage of total) were 91 and 89%, respectively, in the unheated meal. TD and FDNB-available lysine were reduced to 84 and 78% after 60 min of autoclaving, and to 71 and 44% after 120 min of autoclaving. The effect of heat treatment on TD was described by the equation: % TD = 100 - 9.28e(.0096t) (r = .998), where t = minutes of autoclaving. This indicated an accelerated decline in TD as heating time increased. No more than 40% of the loss in FDNB-available lysine was attributable to gossypol binding. In vitro release of total amino acids from autoclaved CSM samples during pepsin-pancreatin incubations was highly correlated to TD (r = .996), but N solubility in .02 N NaOH was poorly correlated to TD. In samples of solvent-extracted and screw-pressed CSM, TD (estimated from pepsin-pancreatin incubations) ranged from 80 to 85% and FDNB-available lysine ranged from 73 to 85%, and both were only slightly lower in screw-pressed than in solvent-extracted meals. Intake of FDNB-available lysine was correlated (r = .902) to weight gain in rats fed diets containing the CSM that were more severely autoclaved. Results suggest that heat treatment must be more severe than that which normally occurs in commercial CSM processing to cause substantial, selective loss in lysine availability. PMID- 6792179 TI - A note on the separation of natural mixtures of bacterial ubiquinones using reverse-phase partition thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6792180 TI - Evaluation of laboratory performance with aflatoxin methods by means of the AOCS Smalley Check Sample Program. AB - The American Oil Chemists' Society Smalley Check Sample Program offers ongoing check sample series for determination of aflatoxins in peanut meal, cottonseed meal, and corn meal. Laboratories participating in this program represent a worldwide cross section of industry, regulatory, and commercial laboratories. Each annual series presently consists of 7 samples including a solution of an unknown mixture of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 for direct spotting and quantitation. Participant analyses of the solution of aflatoxins resulted in coefficients of variation generally higher than those of any sample. Comparison of 4 years of results for analysts using BF and CB methods of analysis for peanut meal samples with aflatoxin B1 levels ranging from 2 to 56 ng/g resulted in higher aflatoxin B1 results for the CB method. The number of participants reporting results by HPLC methods is small; however, their results compare closely with those using TLC methods. PMID- 6792181 TI - Rapid, economical method for determination of aflatoxin and ochratoxin in animal feedstuffs. AB - A quantitative procedure widely used in European Economic Community (EEC) countries has been successfully scaled down to produce a rapid method for determination of aflatoxin B1 (and other aflatoxins) in animal feeds. Without modification, the method may be used for simultaneous ochratoxin A determination in simple feeds, but a slightly different extraction procedure is required for compound feeds. Validity of the method has been demonstrated by comparison with the full EEC procedure for aflatoxin B1 and the Nesheim method for ochratoxin A. Analyses may be completed within 2 h and there is a considerable savings in materials over the 2 reference methods. The procedure is also less hazardous because volumes of toxic extract are small, and the operator is exposed to minimum solvent vapor. PMID- 6792182 TI - Production of amino acids by analog-resistant mutants of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. AB - Mutants of Spirulina platensis resistant to 5-fluorotryptophan, beta-3-thienyl alanine, ethionine, p-fluorophenylalanine, or azetidine-2-carboxylic acid were isolated. Some of these mutants appeared to be resistant to more than one analog and to overproduce the corresponding amino acids. A second group was composed of mutants that were resistant to one analog only. Of the latter mutants, one resistant to azetidine-2-carboxylic acid was found to overproduce proline only, whereas one resistant to fluorotryptophan and one resistant to ethionine did not overproduce any of the tested amino acids. PMID- 6792183 TI - Analysis of flagellar genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by use of Rfla plasmids and conjugations. AB - Over 300 flagellar mutants were isolated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO. R-prime plasmids carrying segments of bacterial chromosome which can complement the mutant phenotypes were isolated by means of plasmid R68.45. Among the R-prime plasmids, pMT6 complemented 167 out of 307 mutants examined, and pMT19 complemented the remaining 140 mutants. We found no mutant which was complemented by both of these plasmids. Hence, the flagellar genes were divided into two clusters by these two plasmids, namely, region I on pMT19 and region II on pMT6. By FP5- and R68.45-mediated conjugation, these two regions were located on the P. aeruginosa PAO chromosome with an order of puuF--region I--region II--oru-325. PMID- 6792184 TI - Coat protein synthesis during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis: immunological detection of soluble precursors to the 12,200-dalton spore coat protein. AB - Antibody specific to the 12,200-dalton spore coat protein of Bacillus subtilis was used to detect the synthesis of cross-reacting material during sporulation. Cross-reacting protein was first detected by immunoprecipitation after 4 h of development and represented at least 1 to 2% of the total soluble protein synthesis at 5.5 h. A polypeptide of 21,000 daltons was detected in immunoprecipitates by gel electrophoresis. This polypeptide did not accumulate in sporulating cells and was rapidly turned over at the time of coat deposition. In contrast, a 32,000-dalton polypeptide reacted with antibody when unlabeled cell protein was denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate, separated by gel electrophoresis, and transferred to nitrocellulose paper. This polypeptide was not detected during cell growth or the first 3.5 h of development but was found to accumulate in sporulating cells at 5.5 h. The lack of detection of this polypeptide by immunoprecipitation of undenatured protein indicates that the antigenic sites which cross-reacted with antibody to the 12,200-dalton protein sequence were not exposed unless the molecular conformation was altered. The 32,000-dalton protein may be a primary translation product which is proteolytically processed into mature spore coat protein via a 21,000-dalton intermediate. PMID- 6792185 TI - Effects of lipophilic cations on motility and other physiological properties of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Lipophilic cations (tetraphenylarsonium, tetraphenylphosphonium, and triphenylmethylphosphonium) caused a number of major changes in the physiology of Bacillus subtilis. Macromolecular synthesis was inhibited, adenosine 5' triphosphate concentration increased, swimming speed was reduced, tumbling was suppressed, and the capacity to take up the cations was greatly enhanced; respiration was not significantly altered. The effects occurred at lipophilic cation concentrations in the range commonly employed for measurement of membrane potential. Neither the enhancement of cation uptake nor the motility inhibition was a consequence of alteration of membrane potential, since both effects were still seen in the presence of valinomycin, with the extent of 86Rb+ uptake indicating a constant potential. Because suppression of tumbling accompanied speed reduction, as has also been found when protonmotive force is reduced, it is likely that lipophilic cations are perturbing the process of conversion of proton energy into work, rather than simply causing structural damage. PMID- 6792186 TI - Use of gene fusions to study expression of cysB, the regulatory gene of the cysteine regulon. AB - Strains of escherichia coli were constructed in which the lacZ gene is fused to cysB, the positive regulator gene of the cysteine regulon. The fusion strains were used to study the regulation of the cysB gene by assaying the fused lacZ gene product. The introduction of a cysB allele, either on a plasmid or on an episome to the fusion strains, resulted in the decrease of beta-galactosidase activity. This implies that the cysB gene expression is autoregulated by its own product. The direction of cysB gene transcription was determined to be clockwise. PMID- 6792187 TI - Transcriptional inhibition and production of guanosine polyphosphates in Bacillus subtilis. AB - When exponentially growing cells of Bacillus subtilis were treated with rifampin or lipiarmycin, both inhibitors of the initiation of ribonucleic acid synthesis, large amounts of (p)ppGpp accumulated. This accumulation appears to be independent of the ribosome-dependent stringent factor reaction because both relA and relC mutants responded in a manner similar to that of the wild type. The possibility that ribonucleic acid polymerase is directly involved in (p)ppGpp metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6792189 TI - Bipolar affective disorder following coronary bypass surgery. AB - Bipolar affective disorders characterized by mania and depression have not previously been reported as a complication of coronary bypass surgery, although pure depressive symptoms are well known. This case describes a 46 year old male, with a negative psychiatric history, who developed mania as well as depression after having two vessel bypass surgery on his right coronary artery. The patient's history and symptoms of mania and depression met research criteria for the diagnosis of a bipolar affective disorder, and he responded well to lithium carbonate. PMID- 6792188 TI - Ability of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts to repair irradiated bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid via acquired and natural enzymatic systems. AB - A novel form of "enzyme therapy" was achieved by utilizing protoplasts of Bacillus subtilis. Photoreactivating enzyme of Escherichia coli was successfully inserted into the protoplasts of B. subtilis treated with polyethylene glycol. This enzyme was used to photoreactivate ultraviolet-damaged bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Furthermore, in polyethylene glycol-treated protoplasts, ultraviolet-irradiated transfecting bacteriophage DNA was shown to be a functional substrate for the host DNA excision repair system. Previous results (R. E. Yasbin, J. D. Fernwalt, and P. I. Fields, J. Bacteriol. 137:391 396, 1979) showed that ultraviolet-irradiated bacteriophage DNA could not be repaired via the excision repair system of competent cells. Therefore, the processing of bacteriophage DNA by protoplasts and by competent cells must be different. This sensitive protoplast assay can be used to identify and to isolate various types of DNA repair enzymes. PMID- 6792190 TI - Characterization of porcine adrenocortical lysosomes. AB - Porcine adrenocortical lysosomes were characterized by differential centrifugation, acid hydrolase contents, latency of cathepsin D, release of bound acid hydrolases in soluble form, and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. Cathepsins D and B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and arylsulphatase were found exclusively in the lysosomes, while alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucuronidase were in both the lysosomal and microsomal fractions. The activity of cathepsin D was remarkably high, amounting to more than 6 times that in porcine liver and to more than 10 times that in liver of Sprague-Dawley rats in terms of units per g wet tissue. Porcine adrenocortical lysosomes showed a modal isopycnic density value of 1.155, but mitochondria a value of 1.145. The validity of these values was studied by investigating the possibilities of agglutination of organelles, damage to lysosomal membranes, disruption of mitochondria due to the hydrostatic pressure and by applying the same procedures of isopycnic centrifugation to hog and rat livers. After these validity tests, porcine adrenocortical lysosomes were concluded to be unique in their strikingly high content of cathepsin D as well as in their low modal isopycnic density which is very close to that of porcine adrenocortical mitochondria. PMID- 6792191 TI - Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetase was detected in extracts of Bacillus subtilis and partially purified by Sephadex G-100, hydroxylapatite, and DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. The enzyme catalyzed the exclusive formation of all-trans farnesyl pyrophosphate from isopentenyl pyrophosphate and either dimethylallyl or geranyl pyrophosphate. Mg2+ was essential for the catalytic activity and Mn2+ was less effective. The enzyme was slightly activated by sulfhydryl reagents. This enzyme was markedly stimulated by K+, NH4+, or detergents such as Triton X-100 and Tween 80, unlike the known farnesyl pyrophosphate synthetases from eucaryotes. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated by gel filtration to be 67,000. The Michaelis constants for dimethylallyl and geranyl pyrophosphate were 50 microM and 18 microM, respectively. PMID- 6792192 TI - The presence of N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-methylthiopurin-6 yl)carbamoyl]threonine in lysine tRNA1 from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6792193 TI - Protein synthesis in yeast. II. Purification and properties of the elongation factor 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6792194 TI - The heme-binding properties of prostaglandin synthetase from sheep vesicular gland. AB - Purified, apoprostaglandin synthetase was prepared from sheep vesicular gland and studied in terms of its heme-binding properties. The enzyme binds a single heme group per enzyme monomer, Mr = 70,000. When reconstituted with heme, the enzyme has an absorption maximum at 412 nm and an absorption coefficient, epsilon 412 nm, of 120 mM-1 cm-1. The binding of heme to the apoenzyme was accompanied by a proportional increase in enzyme activity up to the point of heme-binding saturation. This reconstituted holoenzyme forms prostaglandin H2 from arachidonate. We conclude that prostaglandin synthetase possesses the heme binding properties of a "typical" heme protein and that a single heme group mediates both the oxygenase and the peroxidase activities of the enzyme. PMID- 6792195 TI - Evidence for a new physiological role of hepatic NADPH:ferricytochrome (P-450) oxidoreductase. Direct electron input to the microsomal fatty acid chain elongation system. PMID- 6792196 TI - Turnover of two lysosomal enzymes in macrophages. PMID- 6792197 TI - Thermodynamics of lipid-protein association. The free energy of association of lecithin with reduced and carboxymethylated apolipoprotein A-II from human plasma high density lipoprotein. PMID- 6792198 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in rabbit renal cortex. Formation of two novel dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. AB - [1-14C]Eicosatetraenoic (arachidonic) acid was incubated with a low speed (17,000 X g) rabbit renal cortical supernatant or with a cortical microsomal suspension fortified with NADPH for 15 min at 37 degrees C. The products which were less polar than prostaglandins on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Both the fortified microsomes and the low speed supernatant formed significant amounts of two novel metabolites, 11,12-dihydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 14,15 dihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. Other identified products were 19- and 20 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 19-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid, and in the low speed supernatant, eicosatetraen-1,20-dioic acid. The metabolites were not formed in significant amounts by high speed cortical supernatant or by nonfortified cortical microsomes. Carbon monoxide inhibited formation of these compounds, indicating that they may be formed by the cytochrome P-450-linked renal monooxygenase systems. PMID- 6792199 TI - Calmodulin-regulated, ATP-driven calcium transport by basolateral membranes of rat small intestine. AB - Uptake of calcium by a membrane fraction enriched in basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from rat small intestine has been investigated using a rapid filtration technique. Calcium accumulation is stimulated by ATP and released by the calcium ionophore A23187. Kinetic studies indicate a calcium concentration of 28 nM for half-maximal stimulation of ATP-driven uptake. Transport is minimally inhibited by oligomycin and ouabain but is reduced 40% by lanthanum and abolished by 50 microM vanadate. The ATP-dependent calcium uptake is stimulated by the calcium regulatory protein, calmodulin, in a dose-dependent fashion. Calmodulin increases both the maximal transport rate and the calcium affinity of the transport mechanism. These results are consistent with the existence of an ATP-dependent, calmodulin-regulated calcium transport mechanism in the basolateral plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells, and suggests that calmodulin may modulate transepithelial calcium absorption in addition to controlling cytosolic calcium levels. PMID- 6792200 TI - Gas chromatographic mass spectrometric sequence determination of osteocalcin, a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein from chicken bone. AB - The complete primary structure of osteocalcin, the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)-containing calcium-binding protein isolated from chicken bone has been determined by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. The method involves decarboxylation of the dry, intact protein in a low pressure atmosphere of DCl under conditions which quantitatively convert Gla into gamma, gamma dideuteroglutamic acid residues without resulting in peptide bond cleavage. After partial enzymatic or acidic hydrolysis, the peptide mixtures are converted (without isolation of individual peptides) to the N-trifluorodideuteroethyl O trimethylsilyl polyamino alcohols and analyzed by gas chromatographic mass spectrometry. Peptide fragments containing former Gla residues behave like Glu containing peptides, but their mass spectra are shifted upward by 2 mass units/Gla residue. Chicken osteocalcin contains 50 amino acids, three of which are Gla. The structure is highly homologous to the sequence of the corresponding protein isolated from bovine bone, and the relative sequence locations of the Gla residues and the disulfide bridge are conserved. PMID- 6792201 TI - The anaerobic sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Escherichia coli. Purification and characterization. AB - We have purified the membrane-extrinsic anaerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli using a strain harboring a recombinant ColE1:E. coli plasmid carrying the glpA gene. The purified enzyme is composed of subunits of 62,000 and 43,000 molecular weight in 1:1 molar ratio as determined by medium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sedimentation equilibrium, and chemical cross-linking studies. The presence of 20% ethylene glycol stabilizes the enzyme by preventing dissociation of the subunits. The purified enzyme contains 1 mol of noncovalently bound FAD and 2 mol of non-heme iron/dimer. The FAD can be reduced by addition of substrate and resides in the large subunit. Addition of exogenous flavins stimulates the rate of the enzymatic reaction, and the effects of FAD and FMN can be distinguished by the following properties: (i) FAD causes a 20% increase in enzymatic activity with a half maximal concentration of 200 nM whereas FMN results in a 6-fold increase in activity with a half-maximal concentration of 130 microM. (ii) When methylene blue replaces phenazine methosulfate as an oxidation-reduction coupling dye, FAD stimulates the rate of the reaction, whereas FMN inhibits it. Limited proteolysis or treatment with sulfhydryl reagents does not affect activity but removes capacity for stimulation by exogenous flavins. PMID- 6792202 TI - The second international standard for erythromycin. PMID- 6792203 TI - The antimicrobial effectiveness of some preservatives in inactivated human vaccines. PMID- 6792204 TI - Three new serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis. PMID- 6792205 TI - International collaborative study of single-radial-diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques for the assay of haemagglutinin antigen of influenza virus. PMID- 6792206 TI - The tumor-inhibiting effect of diethylstilbestrol-3,4-oxide. AB - Diethylstilbestrol-3,4-oxide, (DES-3,4-oxide), one of the possible cancerogenic metabolites of the well-known estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES), is a potential estrophilic cytostatic compound. It shows a very good affinity to the estrogen receptor. The uterotrophic activity determined in the mouse uterine weight bioassay is nearly identical with that of DES. Potential alkylating properties could neither be detected in the p-NBP test not in the prophage induction test. DES-3,4-oxide [0.01-1.0 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.)] markedly inhibited the growth of the DMBA-induced hormone-dependent mammary carcinoma of the SD rat, as well as the growth of a hormone-dependent postmenopausal (but not of a premenopausal) human mammary carcinoma serially transplanted in nude mice. However, DES-3,4 oxide had no significantly better effect on the DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma of the SD rat than DES. PMID- 6792207 TI - Detoxification of urotoxic oxazaphosphorines by sulfhydryl compounds. AB - Urotoxic side effects, especially hemorrhagic cystitis, have so far been a limiting factor in the therapeutic use of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), ifosfamide (Holoxan), and trofosfamide (Ixoten). The uroprotective agent mesna (Uromitexan) allows regional detoxification in the kidney and the urinary tract, and thus clinical prevention of the urotoxic side effects of the above cytostatics. The uroprotective mechanism of mesna is based on the formation of nontoxic additive compounds with acrolein and 4-hydroxy-metabolites. In the body, mesna is rapidly transformed into its biologically inert disulfide. After glomerular filtration mesna disulfide is rapidly reduced by reacting with the glutathion system and elimination in the urine as a free thiol compound, further detoxifying the aggressive oxazaphosphorine metabolites. PMID- 6792209 TI - Immunohistological analysis of human lymphoid tissue by double immunoenzymatic labelling. AB - The increasing number of antigens detectable in human lymphoid tissue (particularly since the advent of monoclonal antibodies) makes it necessary to have techniques available for studying the relative distribution patterns of pairs of antigens in tissue sections. Double immunoenzymatic labelling (using peroxidase and alkaline phosphatase) offers a number of advantages over double immunofluorescence, including the fact that the two antigens can be visualised simultaneously (rather than sequentially) and that the labels are permanent. In studying paraffin-embedded human lymphoid tissue an important application of the double immunoenzymatic technique lies in distinguishing Ig-positive cells containing exogenous Ig (which stain for only a single light chain class). In addition double staining of paraffin sections for IgG and IgM has been used to show that "switch" cells containing both these classes of heavy chain are rare in reactive lymphoid tissue. The potential scope of the double immunoenzymatic technique has been extended by showing that the procedure is applicable to cryostat sections (in which antigenic reactivity is better preserved than in paraffin sections) and by adapting it for use with monoclonal antibodies (by preparing "monoclonal PAP" complexes). PMID- 6792210 TI - Motile apparatus in Vallisneria leaf cells. I. Organization of microfilaments. AB - The organization of the microfilaments in epidermal cells of Vallisneria leaves was investigated with respect to the induction of cytoplasmic streaming (secondary streaming). In many of the epidermal cells, cytoplasm exhibited rotational streaming along the anticlinal wall of the cell after exposure around the anticlinal wall. The bundles were arrayed in parallel to the streaming direction. They were recognized usually as 10-40 closely packed dense dots in cross-section. The spacing between bundles was not even. Bundles tended to form groups of 4 to 5 in which the spacing between bundles was usually 0.3 to 0.5 micrometer. The microfilaments were identified as F-actin. Together with the fact that rotational streaming in Vallisneria cells by cytochalasin B, the motile mechanism of secondary streaming was concluded to be similar in its essential features to the cytoplasmic streaming seen in Characean cell (primary streaming). In epidermal cells that had been kept under low-intensity light the cytoplasm and the cytoplasmic streaming occurred in these cells. The bundles of microfilaments remained in the very thin layer of cytoplasm lining the anticlinal wall, although they were fewer and somewhat loosely packed. EGTA at appropriate concentration could induce cytoplasmic streaming in these cells. The mechanism of the induction is discussed on the basis of the effectiveness of EGTA and the requirement of a low concentration of free Ca2+ for cytoplasmic streaming in Characean cells. PMID- 6792208 TI - Immunohistological analysis of Hodgkin's and Sternberg-reed cells: detection of a new antigen and evidence for selective IgG uptake in the absence of B cell, T cell and histiocytic markers. AB - To help clarify the origin and nature of Hodgkin's (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells, three different sets of experiments were performed. First, it was shown that cytoplasmic gamma, kappa, lambda occur not only in H and SR cells, but also in polymorphic tumor cells of epithelial, neurogenic, and lymphoid origin. Furthermore, human IgG that was injected i.v. into rats penetrated many rat liver cells, whereas injected human alpha 1-antitrypsin did not. Second, staining of frozen sections revealed that H and SR cells lack surface immunoglobulin and peripheral T-cell antigen. Third, an antiserum raised against the L 428 cell line (derived from Hodgkin's disease) and absorbed with human serum and normal cells did not react with any cells of tonsil tissue (lymphoid cells, histiocytes, and interdigitating reticulum cells), whereas it reacted strongly with the L 428 cell line cells and with H and SR cells of 10 different cases. In all ten cases, the antiserum stained the surface of H and SR cells; in two cases, it also stained the nucleoli and some chromatin spots in H and SR cells. The results obtained in these experiments indicate that H and SR cells are not closely related to lymphoid cells, histiocytes, or interdigitating reticulum cells. The findings also suggest that H and SR cells express one or more antigens that have not yet been detected on or in normal cells. PMID- 6792211 TI - Calcium requirement for the secretion of peroxidases by plant cell suspensions. AB - Spinach (Spinacia oleracea, L.) cells in liquid culture release peroxidases. This release is reduced by EGTA and promoted by calcium ions. In a medium deprived of calcium the rate of peroxidase release is low, but immediately after addition of I mM calcium there is a sudden increase of the extracellular peroxidase activity. Extracellular calcium apparently penetrates into the cultured cells rather freely and, as a consequence, the rate of peroxidase secretion by these cells is directly correlated with the concentration of calcium in the medium. Magnesium, at twice the concentration used for calcium, has no effect on the release of peroxidases. Cells treated with Na azide, Na hydrogenarsenate of fluphenazine secrete less peroxidase upon addition of calcium. PMID- 6792212 TI - [Treatment of pathological obesity biliopancreatic bypass operations: one-year follow-up of 10 cases (author's transl)]. AB - A biliopancreatic bypass operation has been used to treat obese patients since June 1978, and 10 women have been followed-up for over a year. Biliopancreatic shunts reduce food absorption by eliminating enzymatic and biliary secretion activity in the intestinal lumen. Bodyweight loss was satisfactory, was proportional to excess weight, and was evaluated as being a mean of 33.1 kg. The constant and sometimes dramatic diarrhea provoked by conventional jejuno-ileal bypass operations was not observed. Hepatic steatosis, frequently present to varying degrees, was never made worse : in one case it even disappeared completely, while in another case biological tests conducted one year after operation showed considerable regression. Neither severe complications nor mortality were reported in this series. PMID- 6792213 TI - Enhancement of the immunogenicity of the maize rough dwarf virus outer shell with the cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl)propionate. AB - Injection into rabbits of native or glutaraldehyde (GA)-treated intact particles of the fijivirus maize rough dwarf virus (MRDV) failed to yield antibodies to the outer shell of the virus. After fixation of the particles with the cross-linking reagent dithiobis(succinimidyl)propionate (DSP), antisera were obtained reacting with the outer shell of MRDV (both DSP-fixed and unfixed) to a titre of 1/1024 in immunoelectron microscopic decoration tests, but giving no reaction with another fijivirus, oat sterile dwarf virus, whose subviral particles are known to be unrelated to those of MRDV. Further fixation of the DSP-fixed particles with GA did not appear to enhance immunogenicity. Stabilization with DSP could have further application with viruses the instability of which renders them poor immunogens. PMID- 6792215 TI - Aminopeptidases highly specific for glutamyl residues from Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella urethralis. AB - Cell-associated glutamyl aminopeptidase activity was detected in several strains of Neisseria meningitidis and Moraxella urethralis grown in liquid culture. Enzymatic activity was released from washed cells by ultrasonic treatment and monitored fluorometrically by measuring the release of aryl groups from 17 different aminoacyl-beta-naphthylamides. Substrates containing a glutamyl moiety were readily hydrolyzed by both N. meningitidis and M. urethralis. Glutamyl aminopeptidase activity was partially purified from crude sonicates by means of ion-exchange and gel chromatography, and samples were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Kinetic and pH studies were performed to partially characterize activities. The molecular weight of the M. urethralis enzyme was approximately 88,000, whereas the apparent molecular weight of the N. meningitidis enzyme was shown to be in excess of 200,000. M. urethralis produced two glutamyl aminopeptidases, one specific for a gamma-glutamyl moiety, the other specific for an alpha-glutamyl moiety. In contrast, N. meningitidis produced a single glutamyl aminopeptidase which hydrolyzed alpha- and gamma-glutamyl substituted beta-naphthylamides. PMID- 6792214 TI - Comparison of diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conventional serological methods for detection of class-specific antibodies to Salmonella typhi O antigen. AB - The diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) is a new and simple method for quantitation of antibodies, based on the ability of antibodies to diffuse from wells in gel and adsorb to antigen which is bound to a polystyrene surface. The antigen-antibody reaction is visualized with a color reaction caused by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated class-specific anti immunoglobins. This method was used to study the immunoglobulin G, A, and M immune response to Salmonella typhi O antigen in individuals immunized with a monovalent heat-inactivated typhoid vaccine. The antibody values obtained by the DIG-ELISA method correlated with those evaluated by conventional direct agglutination (Widal) and indirect hemagglutination methods. The DIG-ELISA method was also found to be sensitive, specific, and economical, as well as suitable for handling large numbers of sera while requiring very simple equipment. PMID- 6792216 TI - Isolation of Fasciola hepatica tegument antigens. AB - Fasciola hepatica tegument antigens were isolated from intact worms in the cold by using Nonidet P-40. Proof of the tegumental nature of the antigens was shown by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemical technique at the light microscope level. The potential of F. hepatica tegument antigens for the immunodiagnosis of rabbit and human fascioliasis was shown by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion, although cross-reactivity was evident in one of six serum samples from patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni. A genus-specific Fasciola antigen was found in F. hepatica tegument. Finally, F. hepatica tegument contained antigens which protected mice from challenge infection with S. mansoni. PMID- 6792217 TI - Source of Pseudomonas in osteomyelitis of heels. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common cause of osteomyelitis following puncture wounds of the feet of children. The source of the initial inoculum is unknown. Only one strain of P. aeruginosa was cultured from paired samples of the heel or corresponding shoe's surface or both obtained from 100 children. Neither the skin of the heel nor the shoe appears to be the source of the initial inoculum. PMID- 6792218 TI - Improvements in the passive immune hemolysis test for assaying enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - The sensitivity of the passive immune hemolysis test for the detection of heat labile enterotoxin from Escherichia coli was increased when the test was carried out with Veronal-buffered saline plus Ca2+ and Mg2+ as diluent, instead of phosphate-buffered saline. The performance of the test was further improved by using stationary cultures to which mitomycin C had been added at the end of the lag phase. PMID- 6792219 TI - Primary isolation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on hemoglobin-free New York City medium. AB - New York City medium and New York City medium without hemoglobin were comparatively evaluated for their ability to support the growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from 1,010 clinical specimens. Although hemoglobin in the form of lysed horse erythrocytes stimulated gonococcal growth, the absence of this component from New York City medium did not have a detrimental effect on the recovery of gonococci isolated from clinical specimens. Both media were comparable in their ability to cultivate gonococci from clinical material, with a total of 187 gonococcal isolates being recovered on each of the media. The results of this study showed that the preparation of New York City medium can be facilitated and that its cost can perhaps be reduced by the elimination of the hemoglobin component from the formulation without adverse effect on the recovery of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from clinical specimens. PMID- 6792220 TI - Antibiotic-induced lysis of enterococci. AB - Enterococci are resistant to penicillin killing in vivo and in vitro. Because some bacteria resistant to penicillin killing have reduced autolytic activity, we examined the lysis of clinical enterococcal isolates suspended in buffer (spontaneous lysis), and compared it with their susceptibility to antibiotic induced lysis and killing. We found significant correlations between spontaneous and antibiotic-induced lysis, using five antibiotics that inhibit cell wall synthesis (penicillin, cephalothin, bacitracin, cycloserine, and vancomycin). Among isolates, strains more rapidly lysed by one antibiotic were more rapidly lysed by the other antibiotics, and more susceptible to spontaneous lysis. In studies involving a single strain grown in different media, spontaneous lysis also correlated closely with antibiotic-induced lysis. These results are consistent with a common mechanism for spontaneous and antibiotic-induced lysis, such as the autolytic enzyme system. Human serum was one of the least permissive media tested for enterococcal growth and antibiotic-induced lysis and killing. We suggest that the inhibitory effect of human serum on growth and the activation of the enterococcal autolytic enzyme system may be a critical factor in the resistance of enterococcal endocarditis to treatment with penicillin alone. PMID- 6792223 TI - Comparison of abdominal circumference measurements by real-time and B-scan techniques. AB - In an effort to evaluate the efficacy of measuring abdominal circumference with real-time ultrasound, 53 patients were scanned with both contact scanning and linear array real time. Image measurements were made blindly from both types of equipment. Abdominal circumference measurements with real time compared favorably with those obtained from contact images (r = +0.984). PMID- 6792222 TI - Role of metabolic CO2 production in ventilatory response to steady-state exercise. AB - We examined the role of metabolic CO2 production in the hyperpnea of muscular exercise by comparing the response of alveolar ventilation to moderate levels of exercise with the response to venous infusion of CO2 at rest. Studies were performed in four awake sheep that were trained to run on a treadmill. The sheep had been cannulated for veno-venous extracorporeal perfusion so that CO2 could be infused into the peripheral venous blood through membrane lungs in the perfusion circuit. The sheep breathed room air through an endo-tracheal tube inserted through a tracheostomy, and samples of expired gas were collected for measurement of the rates of CO2 production and O2 consumption. All measurements were made in the steady state. In each of the four sheep, the relationship between alveolar ventilation and the rate of CO2 production could be described by a single linear function (r greater than 0.99; P less than 0.001), regardless of whether CO2 production was increased by exercise, venous CO2 infusion, or combinations of both procedures. This relationship applied for values of CO2 production up to 350% of control. In contrast, no unique relationship was found between the rate of alveolar ventilation and either the rate of O2 consumption, cardiac output, or mixed venous blood gas pressures. The findings indicate that the hyperpnea of mild to moderate steady-state exercise can be attributed to the associated increase in the rate of CO2 production. Therefore, there is no need to invoke obligatory nonmetabolic stimuli to account for the ventilatory response to steady state exercise. PMID- 6792221 TI - Renal inner medullary prostaglandin synthesis. A calcium-calmodulin-dependent process suppressed by urea. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that hyperosmolar NaCl and mannitol stimulate immunoreactive prostaglandin E (iPGE) production by slices of inner medulla (IM), whereas urea inhibits this process. In the present study, the roles of Ca2+ and calmodulin in the control of PGE synthesis in IM and the basis for the differential actions of solutes were examined. A23187 increased [14C]arachidonate (AA) release and iPGE accumulation in the presence but not in the absence of media Ca2+ whereas stimulation by hypertonic NaCl or mannitol was well expressed with Ca2+ or in Ca2+-free buffer containing 2 mM EGTA. Hypertonic urea and trifluoperazine (TFP), an inhibitor of actions of the Ca2+-CaM complex, suppressed increases in [14C]AA release and iPGE induced by A23187, NaCl, or mannitol. By contrast, increases in iPGE in response to exogenous AA were not altered by urea or TFP. Ca2+ (25-100 microM) increased acyl hydrolase (AH) activity in EGTA washed (4 degrees C) 100,000 g particulate fractions of IM threefold, thereby restoring AH activity to the higher basal values of particulate fractions not washed with EGTA. This action of Ca2+ was blocked by hypertonic urea of TFP, whereas AH activity was not influenced by NaCl or mannitol in the presence or absence of Ca2+. In contrast to their effects on AH activity, hypertonic urea and TFP did not alter conversion of AA to PGE2, PGF2 alpha, or PGD2 by IM microsomal fractions. Ca2+-induced increases in particulate AH were blunted after partial depletion of endogenous CaM-like activity. Ca2+ action was restored by addition of purified exogenous CaM, but not by addition of other small acidic proteins, including troponin C. The findings support a role for CaM in the regulation of PGE synthesis in the IM at the level of Ca2+ responsive AH activity. They further imply that urea suppresses PGE synthesis in IM through inhibition of AH and a reduction in the availability of endogenous AA for conversion to PGE. PMID- 6792224 TI - Sonographic features of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma. AB - Five cases of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma were studied by ultrasound. Sonographic features of a huge mass with a thick echogenic rim and central sonolucent cavitation were seen in four cases with presenting symptoms of an abdominal mass. In a fifth case necrotic metastasis was seen in the liver after removal of a leiomyosarcoma. Although not pathognomonic, such features should strongly suggest the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. PMID- 6792227 TI - Registration errors in compound B-scans. AB - The effect of B-scanner articulated arm angle measurement errors on B-mode registration is considered. For a single-angle articulated arm model, a mathematical equation predicting B-mode misregistration as a function of angular errors and compound scan angle is derived and discussed. This model accurately predicts registration errors for transducer connector/acoustic axis misalignment or third arm angle errors. PMID- 6792225 TI - Ultrasonic prediction of complications following normal vaginal delivery. AB - One hundred uncomplicated pregnancies of primigravida and secundigravida gestation were scanned within 24 h of delivery. The ultrasonic appearances of the uterus were categorized into three groups: 1) empty uterus; 2) cavity separation indicating blood or clot; and 3) dense cavity echoes representing retained tissue. The presence of blood and clot in the puerperium is a common occurrence that resolves spontaneously. Retained tissues of conception were present in 10 cases and were passed spontaneously in four women within the first 3 days postpartum. The presence of retained tissue after the fourth day is support for surgical evacuation of the uterus. Gray-scale ultrasonic examination was accurate in diagnosing all of these cases. PMID- 6792226 TI - Ultrasonic characteristics of bilomas. AB - The ultrasonic characteristics of bilomas are reviewed in five patients, one of whom was also studied with computed x-ray tomography. Certain features not previously reported should aid in differentiating bilomas from other intra abdominal fluid collections. PMID- 6792229 TI - Neonatal intracranial pathology demonstrated by high-frequency linear array ultrasound. AB - We have performed a total of 126 ultrasound scans of the brain in 86 different neonatal patients with a 7.0 MHz linear array transducer (6.5 cm in length), using the anterior fontanelle as a scanning window. Thirty-one patients had demonstrable abnormalities confirmed by CT while 49 patients were normal. Using this technique we were able to reliably define normal lateral ventricles, subependymal hemorrhages, hematomas, intraventricular hemorrhages, hydrocephalus, and porencephalic cysts. PMID- 6792228 TI - Aortic and lower extremity arterial aneurysms. AB - A sonographic survey of 100 patients with suspected abdominal aortic, femoral, or popliteal arterial aneurysms was conducted over a period of 2 yr. Patients referred for suspected abdominal aortic aneurysms had a low incidence of associated lower extremity arterial aneurysms. Those patients referred for possible femoral or popliteal artery aneurysms frequently had multiple other peripheral arterial aneurysms. The authors recommend a survey scanning protocol in this subgroup with lower extremity aneurysms to rule out the presence of other aneurysms. PMID- 6792230 TI - Ultrasonic determination of hepatomegaly. AB - Retrospective evaluation of abdominal ultrasound examinations were made in 36 patients who came to autopsy within 1 month after the ultrasound study. Without knowledge of clinical or autopsy data, two observers made independent determinations of the midhepatic line measurement of the liver on the ultrasound study using supine and left lateral decubitus longitudinal scans. Autopsy determination of hepatomegaly was made using hepatic weight, patient's total body weight, and patient age correlated with pertinent clinical history. Results of the autopsy/ultrasound correlation demonstrated that those livers measuring 13.0 cm or less in the midhepatic line (both supine and left lateral decubitus positions) were normal in 93% of the cases. Similarly, it was demonstrated that when the liver measured 15.5 cm or greater, it was enlarged in 75% of the cases. Used together, these two criteria result in an 87% accuracy rate in determining the presence or absence of hepatomegaly. Approximately 25% of the cases in our study fell into the borderline category of 13.0-15.5 cm. PMID- 6792231 TI - Pancreatic plasmacytoma: sonographic and computerized tomographic findings. PMID- 6792232 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of a cervical mass in pregnancy. PMID- 6792234 TI - Ultrasonic detection of renal calculi: accuracy tested in an in vitro porcine kidney model. AB - Porcine kidneys containing human calculi of known size and composition were used to study the ability of ultrasound to localize intrarenal calculi. The study conducted in a blind fashion demonstrated that stones as small as 2 mm could be detected. The chemical composition was not related to the ability to detect the stone. Early trials in the operating room have been encouraging. The porcine kidney model is useful for training purposes. PMID- 6792233 TI - M-mode and cross-sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of right ventricular cavity masses. AB - Two patients with metastatic carcinoma (one cervical and one testicular) in whom echocardiography was instrumental in diagnosing a right ventricular cavity mass are presented. In first case the M-mode echocardiogram revealed dense echoes in the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract during systole and diastole. Surgical confirmation of the mass lesion was obtained. The second case also revealed abnormal echoes in the right ventricle and right ventricular outflow tract, but they were less dense and distinct. Two-dimensional echocardiography clearly delineated a highly mobile mass of tissue in the right ventricle which corresponded to the necropsy findings. PMID- 6792235 TI - Slice-thickness artifacts in gray-scale ultrasound. AB - We have become increasingly aware of the presence of a type of image artifact normally appearing in anechoic areas (eg, cyst, bladder, gallbladder) and giving the appearance of "sludge" or "debris." These artifactual echoes may be caused by the fact that the finite width of the transducer beam pattern produces a finite thickness of the patient scan plane. All echoes produced in this "thick" scan plane are misinterpreted as being due to structures in the normally assumed "thin" scan plane. We have tested and verified this hypothesis by simulating soft tissue interfaces with 400 grit silicon carbide sandpaper in a water tank. A set of clues are proposed to enable the rapid identification of these artifacts. PMID- 6792236 TI - Variability of the hepatic arterial anatomy: a sonographic demonstration. AB - The variable origin of the hepatic arteries is well known from pathological and angiographic studies. Four main variants have been described. The common hepatic artery arising from the celiac artery is the most common type found in 70% of subjects. It can be helpful to be aware of the different patterns of hepatic artery branching in the interpretation of ultrasound examinations. This anatomy is most easily demonstrated by the use of real-time equipment. PMID- 6792237 TI - The sonographic features of intra-abdominal pregnancy. AB - The sonographic features of three cases of extrauterine, intra-abdominal pregnancy are presented in conjunction with a brief review of the clinical and radiographic features of the condition. Based on our experience and a review of the literature, we found that the major criteria for the sonographic diagnosis of extrauterine, intra-abdominal pregnancy include: 1) demonstration of a fetus in a gestational sac outside the uterus, or the depiction of an abdominal or pelvic mass identifiable as the uterus separate from the fetus; 2) failure to see a uterine wall between the fetus and urinary bladder; 3) recognition of a close approximation of the fetus to the material abdominal wall; and 4) localization of the placenta outside the confines of the uterine cavity. PMID- 6792238 TI - Ultrasound gray-scale pattern and guided aspiration puncture of abdominal abscesses. AB - Various ultrasound gray-scale patterns of 45 consecutive abscesses were studied in 43 surgical and medical patients. Eleven abscess formations were unsuspected clinically, 27 had developed as a postoperative complication; 25 collections (55.6%) presented with an anechoic appearance, and 15 (33.3%) showed a mainly fluid pattern but contained a few nonreverberatory echoes. Five abscesses (11.1%) appeared with a complex solid-like pattern with large amounts of internal echoes. A total of 28 ultrasound guided diagnostic fine-needle aspirations of abscesses were performed on 26 patients without serious complications. All the aspirated samples yielded material sufficient for cytological or bacteriological examinations. Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration guided by sonography is recommended as a safe and useful diagnostic measure to confirm the nature of an ultrasonically displayed abdominal lesion suspected to be an abscess. Results from both sonography and confirmatory aspiration provide detailed topographic and diagnostic information for the choice of surgical or nonoperative management of abdominal abscess. PMID- 6792239 TI - Sonography for diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage. AB - Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage was diagnosed by ultrasound as an echo-free mass superior to downward displaced normal kidneys in three newborns. In one, the adrenal hemorrhage was bilateral. Fine needle aspiration was performed to confirm the diagnosis in one case. The babies were followed-up until adrenal calcifications were seen on ultrasound as linear echoes with posterior acoustic shadowing. These calcifications were confirmed by plain films. It is suggested that the diagnosis of neonatal adrenal hemorrhage should be based on ultrasound and on one initial intravenous urogram. Follow-up examinations should be restricted to ultrasound and plain films. In doubtful cases fine needle aspiration can be added for confirmation. PMID- 6792240 TI - In utero diagnosis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome: differentiation from extra-axial posterior fossa cyst. PMID- 6792241 TI - Ultrasound findings in mucocele of the appendix. PMID- 6792242 TI - Studies on blood lymphocytes of patients with nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma. AB - T and B lymphocytes were measured in pretreatment blood samples from patients wih nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma (NPDLL). There were significant differences in T cell values between control groups and patients with NPDLL. In 13 out of 20 cases of NPDLL blood lymphocytes showed abnormalities of immunoglobulin light chain expression and were considered to show an abnormal clonal expansion of B lymphocytes. The abnormal clone of B cells in the blood reflected that found in lymph nodes and could be detected in the absence of bone marrow involvement or blood lymphocytosis. PMID- 6792243 TI - Resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Drug susceptibility studies on strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from widely different populations of patients and tested by two different techniques indicated that all 55 strains resistant to rifampicin were also resistant to isoniazid, while many strains resistant to isoniazid were found to be susceptible to rifampicin. This observation, which has as yet unknown laboratory and clinical significance, may be particularly useful in management of patients. Further studies are called for to establish this relation. PMID- 6792244 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies in gonorrhea using whole cells. AB - The choice of an antigen that will adequately differentiate between infected and non-infected patients has been a problem in detecting gonococcal antibodies for diagnosis. We have used the sensitive technique of ELISA to test various serotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae for their suitability as antigens. Whole cells of each serotype were attached to polystyrene plates using poly-L-lysine, N gonorrhoeae, strain H1 type 1 was used to detect antibodies in patients with known clinical history and then as a standard to evaluate the ability of different serotypes to differentiate between infected and non-infected groups. PMID- 6792246 TI - Zinc deficiency dermatosis in premature infants receiving prolonged parenteral alimentation. AB - Zinc deficiency dermatitis is a recognized complication of prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in adults and children. Ten cases of a characteristic dermatosis developing in premature infants with hypozincemia while on long-term TPN are described. The infants presented a defined group of premature neonates who were born between 25 and 28 weeks' gestation with birth weights of less than 1,200 gm and who had received continuous prolonged TPN. The characteristic skin changes appeared on an average of 91 days after birth, with prominent and early involvement of the neck fold crease. Lesions also occurred on the cheeks, buttocks, and genitalia, but spared the extremities. In seven of the ten cases, the skin changes and low serum zinc levels developed 1 to 5 days after an episode of bacterial sepsis or signs of physiologic stress. PMID- 6792245 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin in human macrophages. AB - Preliminary studies have suggested that alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) is a useful immunohistochemical marker of histiocytes (monocytes/macrophages) and malignant tumours derived from them. To confirm the reliability of this marker a wide variety of benign and malignant lymphoreticular cells and tissues have been stained by the immunoperoxidase technique for A1AT and positive staining was found to be confined to histiocytes. Immunodiffusion, isotope labelling, and isoelectric focusing studies performed on cell lysates confirmed that the positive staining shown by monocytes and malignant histiocytes is due to the presence of A1AT identical with serum A1AT and that this material is synthesised by these cells rather than taken up from their environment. Positive immunoperoxidase staining for A1AT is thus a reliable marker of lymphoreticular neoplasms of true histiocytic origin. PMID- 6792247 TI - Cost-benefit/effectiveness analysis for continuing education. PMID- 6792248 TI - [Fluorescence study of pyridoxamine-5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine covalently bound to serum albumin]. PMID- 6792249 TI - [New type of sporulation regulation and streptomycin biosynthesis in secondary Streptomyces griseus mutants]. PMID- 6792250 TI - [Cytology and architectonics of Listeria monocytogenes L populations]. PMID- 6792251 TI - The effect of lateral positions on gas exchange in patients with unilateral lung disease during mechanical ventilation. AB - Positional changes have long been known to have a gravitational effect on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow. The effect of body position, supine, right and left lateral decubitus, on gas exchange were evaluated in 10 patients with predominantly unilateral lung disease. All patients were treated with mechanical ventilation and PEEP. Arterial blood gases, measured after 15 min in each of the three positions, showed that lying on the side of the "normal" lung resulted in a higher arterial pO2 (mean: 144 mmHg) than lying on that of the "damaged" lung (mean: 86 mmHg). The delta AapO2 values were 334 to 391 mmHg. Both differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.005). No significant changes mean arterial carbon dioxide tensions were noted. PMID- 6792252 TI - Respiratory function is impaired less by transverse than by median vertical supraumbilical incisions. AB - Respiratory function in the first four days after elective cholecystectomy has been compared in 15 women in whom abdominal incision was transverse and 15 in whom it was median vertical. Ventilatory function (vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second) and blood gas tensions (partial pressures of oxygen and of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, arterial whole-blood carbon dioxide, and alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference) were determined on the day before operation and on the first, second and fourth postoperative days. Ventilatory function was depressed postoperatively in all the patients, but the depression was significantly less, and of significantly shorter duration, after the transverse than after the median vertical approach. Significant changes in blood gas tensions were noted postoperatively after both incisions, but without significant difference between the two groups. PMID- 6792253 TI - Right-sided endocarditis complicating prolonged central venous catheterisation. PMID- 6792254 TI - Chlorobiphenyl movement from soil to soybean plants. PMID- 6792256 TI - Is the central inspiratory activity responsible for pCO2-dependent drive of the sympathetic discharge? AB - Out of 27 cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane mixture, paralyzed, vagotomized and artificially ventilated, phrenic nerve response to systemic hypercapnia (7-8 vol.% CO2/O2 mixture) was accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and sympathetic discharge in 19 cats. Out of these 19 cats, 12 were totally debuffered and in the remaining 7 cats one carotid sinus nerve was left intact. Single unit activity in the sympathetic cervical nerve and spontaneous mass activity in the cervical, splanchnic, renal sympathetic and phrenic nerves were recorded. Evoked response in the phrenic nerve was produced by electrical stimulation of the descending bulbospinal inspiratory pathways in the midplane area of the medulla or in the ventrolateral cervical spinal cord. Starting from the control mean end-tidal CO2 concentration of 4.7 vol.% (+/- 1.0 S.D.) a progressing hypocapnia was induced by hyperventilation up to the end-tidal CO2 concentration of 1.3-3.2 vol.% (mean 2.4 vol.% +/- 0.5 S.D.) significantly below paCO2 apneic threshold. In chemo- and baroreceptor denervated cats with a pressor and excitatory sympathetic response to hypercapnia, a hypocapnia resulted in a fall of the arterial blood pressure (mean 16.9 mm Hg +/- 7.5 S.D., 2.2 kpa +/- S.D.). With the increasing paCO2 over the period of hypocapnic apnea a pressor and excitatory sympathetic response preceded, in all experiments, the onset of the phrenic nerve rhythmic activity. The difference between paCO2 threshold for the pressor and sympathetic response (35.7 mm Hg +/- 3.6 S.D., 4.7 kpa +/- 0.5 S.D.) and paCO2 threshold for the reappearance of the phrenic nerve rhythmic activity (43.6 mm Hg +/- 2.6 S.D., 5.8 kpa +/- 0.3 S.D.) was highly significant. If apneic hypocapnia was combined with the continuous stimulation of the afferent fibers of the superior laryngeal nerve the CO2 threshold for phrenic rhythmic activity was significantly increased whereas CO2 threshold for the pressor and sympathetic excitatory response remained unchanged. CO2 administration during hypocapnia apnea caused a progressing reduction of the magnitude of the evoked phrenic nerve response. From these findings it is concluded that the central excitatory effect of CO2 on the sympathetic activity may be accomplished in the absence of the rhythmic respiratory activity and independently of the subthreshold tonic inspiratory activity. Pressor and sympathetic excitatory response to CO2 observed during hypocapnic apnea is presumably caused by a neuronal pool different from that responsible for the central inspiratory activity. It is suggested that this CO2 sensitive neuronal mechanism might be involved in the central generation of sympathetic tone. PMID- 6792255 TI - Neurophysiological background of central neural cardiovascular-respiratory coordination: basic remarks and experimental approach. AB - This paper is comprised of a review of past contributions and their theoretical consequences and a presentation of new results in studies of the origin of sympathetic rhythms and tone. Two basic mechanisms are involved: a primary intracentral coupling with the main cardiovascular-respiratory rhythm (MCRR) generator and a secondary reflex coupling. It was found that the activity and rhythms of certain sympathetic efferents, such as the cervical sympathetic, are closely related to the MCRR. Other efferents, such as the renal sympathetics, are loosely linked and follow drives from other circuits in the genesis of their rhythms and tone. New experimental evidence is given that rhythmic and tonic activity in sympathetic nerves originates from several sources. Hence central respiratory-autonomic systems interaction is not explained by simplistic concepts. PMID- 6792257 TI - Role of carotid and central chemoreceptors in the CO2 response of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. AB - In anesthetized, vagotomized, paralyzed, artificially ventilated cats with aortic nerves cut, we recorded the response of 28 sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs) of the cervical sympathetic trunk of changes in arterial pCO2. We observed the effects on these responses of: (i) surgical denervation of carotid sinus chemoreceptors in normoxia (paO2 110 mm Hg); and (ii) hyperoxia (paO2 greater than 350 mm Hg) which is known to depress peripheral chemoreceptor sensitivity to CO2. Stimulus-response curves, obtained by rebreathing at constant paO2, were used to detect the effects of these manoeuvres. The present experiments have confirmed previous observations demonstrating the CO2-sensitivity of this neuron population. The population average firing rate, as a function of paCO2, describes a sigmoid curve, increasing continuously between 20 and 90 mm Hg and asymptotically approaching plateaus at the highest and lowest paCO2 values. Carotid sinus nerve section caused a decrease of the average response of the population at all paCO2 values, resulting in a displacement to the right of the response curve, in a decrease in slope and maximum values. On the assumption that the CO2 response curve after carotid sinus nerve section is due to central chemoreceptor input, and that there is a simple addition between the effects of central and carotid chemoreceptors, the difference between CO2 response curves ("difference curves") before and after denervation represents the contribution of the carotid chemoreceptors. A comparison of this "difference curve" with the curve obtained after denervation reveals that the contribution of the carotid chemoreceptors is of the same magnitude as that of the central chemoreceptors up to a paCO2 value of 60-70 mm Hg. Beyond this value, the carotid contribution declines and becomes a smaller component of the total response, whereas the contribution of the central chemoreceptors continues to increase. Similar results were obtained with rebreathing in hyperoxia, after correction for the central excitatory effect of hyperoxia. Hyperoxia never caused a depression of the CO2 response of units after section of the carotid sinus nerve. Observation of the effects of the two manoeuvres on individual SPNs leads to the conclusion that in approximately half of the CO2-sensitive units there is an overlap of central and peripheral chemoreceptor input. The remainder of the CO2-sensitive units receive input only from the central chemoreceptors. PMID- 6792258 TI - Control of reciprocal and non-reciprocal action of vagal and sympathetic efferents: study of centrally induced reactions. AB - The mechanism of control of reciprocal and non-reciprocal action between parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves was investigated. Simultaneous recordings were made from both vagal and sympathetic nerves innervating the heart of responses evoked by hypothalamic stimulation in chloralose-anesthetized dogs. Four patterns of responses could be elicited by repetitive stimulations of various sites within the hypothalamus: (1) A reciprocal pattern of cardiac vagal and sympathetic discharges accompanied by a rise in blood pressure, heart rate and a 2 to 8-fold increase in muscle blood flow. The vagal activity completely ceased, while sympathetic discharges were greatly augmented. These changes occurred quickly and often lasted throughout the stimulation, preventing baroreceptor reflex from breaking through. This pattern is similar to the cardiovascular component of the "defense reaction". (2) A reciprocal pattern of discharges accompanied by a depressor response and bradycardia; the vagal discharges increased while those of the sympathetic efferents decreased. (3) A non-reciprocal pattern of response in which activity of the two efferents increased. The blood pressure was elevated and heart rate decreased. (4) A non reciprocal pattern of action of the two efferents in which discharges of both nerves were depressed; the blood pressure decreased and heart rate increased. Factors affecting these responses patterns were found to be: (a) secondarily occurring reflex responses due to baroreceptor activation or deactivation. These baroreceptor-related reactions always showed reciprocal changes between vagal and sympathetic nerve activity; (b) the level of tonic activity of the autonomic nerves, e.g. during a high level of tonic activity inhibitory action became less effective while the excitatory effect was greater. Thus central states maintaining influenced the pattern of reaction and the relationship between activity in these two efferent nerves. Single pulse stimulations of the hypothalamic regions from which different patterns were evoked, when stimulated repetitively, yielded patterns which were basically reciprocal and biphasic; in vagus efferents an inhibitory phase was followed by an excitation of tonic activity, while in sympathetic an excitation was followed by an inhibition. The degree and duration of these excitatory and inhibitory phases differed, depending on the site of stimulation, but only to a minor degree, and the basic pattern remained unchanged. The implication of these findings is that the hypothalamus can organized both reciprocal and non-reciprocal patterns of activity in the two autonomic limbs in response to varied afferent stimuli. Probably only subtle changes in the central states or influences on neurons of the autonomic system suffice to result in different response pattern. No pattern of response is fixed within the central control complex. PMID- 6792259 TI - Plexiform neurofibroma: a case presentation. AB - A case of plexiform neurofibroma involving the foot has been reported. The literature is replete with cases involving other areas of the body (5-7, 9, 12 16). The immediate clinical problem associated with a plexiform neurofibroma is dependent upon its location. This case displayed no apparent systemic involvement except cafe au lait spots near the mass. The anatomical disruption and course along the posterior tibial nerve were remarkable. A plexiform neurofibroma of the foot is best treated by surgical excision because of its possible malignant transformation, its progressive nature, and the somatic problems that may result from disruption of normal anatomy. PMID- 6792260 TI - Epiphyseal plate injuries in pediatric ankle traumatology. PMID- 6792261 TI - Orphenadrine citrate (Norflex) mediated inhibition of thyroid function in the adult male rat. PMID- 6792262 TI - Impaired prolactin secretion in obese patients. AB - To investigate a possible hypothalamic alteration in obesity, we have studied the pattern of PRL secretion in response to insulin hypoglycemia, arginine infusion and TRH injection in 12 grossly obese patients and in 12 normal-weight controls. In the obese patients, PRL secretion was significantly lower than in normal subjects in response to insulin hypoglycemia and arginine infusion, while it was not significantly different from that in controls in response to TRH. The mean +/ SE values of the areas subtended by the PRL curves in the 3 above tests were 54.7 +/- 155.81 vs 3677.3 +/- 520.30 ng/2h, p less than 0,01, 210.3 +/- 148.93 vs 1034.8 +/- 203.15 ng/2h, p less than 0.05 and 1476.8 +/- 275.13 vs 2148.6 +/- 682.06 ng/2h, NS, respectively, in the obese and in controls. These results are compatible with the concept of impaired hypothalamic control of PRL secretion in obesity, although it is still unclear what role this may play in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 6792263 TI - A direct effect of the pineal on the accessory sex organs in light deprived male rats. AB - One day after surgery groups of pinealectomized and sham-pinealectomized animals were placed in continuous darkness, and killed 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 days later. The data revealed that the sham-pinealectomized group exposed to constant darkness differs from pinealectomized group by showing lower dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations, bw, accessory sex organ wt and levator ani muscle wt. No statistically significant differences were found in plasma LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations or pituitary or testes wt. The results indicated that the accessory sex organ wt were not correlated with the plasma gonadotropin and testosterone levels but they were with DHT. The data are consistent with the idea that some pineal principle acts directly on accessory sex organs in the rat. PMID- 6792264 TI - Primary empty sella syndrome and hypopituitarism associated with primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 6792265 TI - Induction of spermatogenesis in isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with exogenous human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - A 21-year old male patient with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IGD) is described. Basal serum levels of testosterone (0.5 ng/ml), FSH (2.1 mIU/ml) and LH (2.3 mIU/ml) were low and did not respond to administration of clomiphene citrate. The FSH and LH responses to LHRH were normal. Pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal function as well as GH reserve were also normal. However, prolactin (PRL) response to both TRH and metoclopramide were blunted compared with normal male subjects. The patient was treated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Within 20 months he developed full testicular maturation with spermatogenesis and full androgenization. Serum testosterone levels rose to 6.5 13.5 ng/ml. Both basal serum PRL levels and the response to TRH and metoclopramide became normal. Spermatogenesis and androgenization proceeded in the absence of FSH. These results suggest further trials of treatment with HCG alone in patients with IGD are warranted. PMID- 6792266 TI - Unusual heterogeneity of circulating prolactin in an acromegalic. AB - Plasma from a 69-year-old acromegalic woman with hyperprolactinemia (350-570 ng/ml) was chromatographed on dextran gel. Three components of immunoactive prolactin were observed. Component I eluted with an apparent molecular weight (MWapp) of greater than 100,000, Component II with MWapp of 45,000 and Component III with MWapp of 21,500 daltons (indistinguishable from monomeric pituitary prolactin). Components I and II comprised more than 70% of the total circulating prolactin. All components had similar activities in immunoassays and in receptor assays. Components II and III maintained their elution positions on re chromatography. Component I whether frozen or stored at 4 C eluted in the position of Component II on rechromatography, suggesting that Component I is a loosely-bound oligomer of Components II or III, or Component III loosely-bound to another constituent of plasma. The gel chromatography pattern for immunoactive growth hormone was indistinguishable from that of other acromegalic patients. PMID- 6792267 TI - Effects of increased central dopaminergic tonus on gonadotropin secretion. AB - Gonadotropin secretion was investigated in 10 healthy volunteers (5 men and 5 women in the early follicular phase of cycle) by the following procedures: i) infusion of saline over 4 1/2 h period; ii) infusion of dopamine (DA) 4 microgram/kg bw/min over 4 h period; iii) oral administration of L-dopa (D) 100 mg plus carbidopa (C) 35 mg after 24 h pretreatment with C 50 mg every 6 h. This last pharmacological approach selectively enhances the central dopaminergic tonus. Blood samples were withdrawn every 15 min over 4 1/2 h period. No ultradian periodicity in LH and FSH secretion was observed. No significant modification in serum FSH levels was induced by any treatment at any time, while a significant decrease in serum LH concentration was observed from 45 to 240 min during DA infusion (-46.8%; p less than 0.005) and from 60 to 240 min after D + C administration -41.5%; p less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that, in humans, acute dopaminergic stimuli have an inhibitory action on LH release and suggest that this inhibition is exerted at the central level. PMID- 6792268 TI - [Cervical dysplasia and their treatment with the CO2 laser (author's transl)]. AB - The authors expound on their protocol for the treatment of dysplasias using the CO2 laser after they have reviewed the classification of dysplasia which is at the present time undergoing a lot of controversy. The indication for treatment is basal essentially on the site of the dysplasia in relationship to the endocervical canal. An exocervical lesion call for CO2 treatment with removal of a piece for histological examination and an endocervical lesion equally calls fro conisation carried out with the CO2 laser. A study of the post-operative appearances shows that clinically, colposcopically, cytologically and histologically, scar formation is perfect in 3 weeks due to centripetal metaplasia without spread from the zone of junction. It is essential to understand colposcopy perfectly before starting this from of treatment. PMID- 6792269 TI - [Changes in the gonadotrophins, in the prolactin and in the sexual steroid levels throughout the normal menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the hormone changes that occur in a normal woman throughout the menstrual cycle. These is no circadian rhythm in the release of gonadotrophins after puberty. LH is liberated in a pulsatile way throughout the day and the periodicity and amplitude of the episodes vary throughout the cycle with a notable peak of this hormone before ovulation. The level of FSH is greater early in the follicular phase and in mid-cycle, where there is also a cycle together with that of the LH. In spite of these variations a single estimation of gonadotrophins does represents their secretion over 24 hours. The changes in total and free oestradiol and in oestrone are parallel. There are two maxima, the one being preovulatory and preceding the gonadotrophin peak and the other throughout the whole luteal phase. Progesterone changes little throughout the day. It is low during the follicular phase and gradually starts to rise before the preovulatory peak of gonadotrophins, and stays raised throughout the whole luteal phase, following during this phase a variable curve. The 17 hydroxyprogesterone is similarly low in the follicular phase. Its cycle peak is stronger and its rise in the luteal phase weaker than that of progesterone. The secretion of androgens is marked by changes throughout the day of a circadian nature (maximal for dehydroepiandrosterone and delta 5 androstenediol) and cyclic (especially for androstenediol which rises in mid-cycle). Prolactin secretion is marked by changes throughout the day, circadian (maximum during the night) and cyclical (minimum follicular, maximum preovulatory, with a luteal level higher than the follicular level). These changes should be considered in order to work out correctly the levels of hormones that should be prescribed on the precise dates and worked out in accordance with the date of menstruation and temperature curve taken throughout the cycle. PMID- 6792270 TI - Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in chronic persistent hepatitis. AB - We studied a young man with persistent elevation of transaminases and indirect bilirubin following acute viral hepatitis. Liver biopsy showed chronic persistent hepatitis, and clinical evaluation was otherwise negative for significant liver disease. The indirect-reacting serum bilirubin rose after both caloric restriction and intravenous nicotinic acid, responses believed by some to be characteristic of Gilbert's syndrome. Fasting and postprandial serum bile acid conjugates were not elevated. These results suggest that "Gilbert's-like" aberrations in bilirubin metabolism may be part of the spectrum of chronic persistent hepatitis. PMID- 6792271 TI - Experience in northern Nigeria with countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion and indirect haemagglutination tests for diagnosis of hydatid cyst in camels. AB - Sera from 36 slaughtered camels with proven hydatid disease, from 46 camels found to be free of hydatidosis at post-mortem meat inspection, and from 26 animals with confirmed caprine heartwater, bovine trypanosomiasis and cysticercosis were examined. The indirect haemagglutination was found to be the most sensitive but least specific of the three tests. Ouchterlony's double diffusion (DD) test was specific and fairly sensitive. Although the countercurrent immunoelectrophoresis was as specific as DD, it was the least sensitive of the three serological tests. All three serological tests were always positive in camels with hydatid cyst infection affecting both the liver and the lung. A combination of indirect haemagglutination and Ouchterlony's double diffusion test could be useful for diagnosing hydatidosis in camels and probably other animals. PMID- 6792273 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of tyrosinase in the mouse melanocyte. AB - In the melanocyte, tyrosinase is known as the dey enzyme for melanin formation. Purified tyrosinase protein was prepared that was capable of oxidizing tyrosine. The localization of tyrosinase antigen in the melanocyte was studied using antiserum against tyrosinase. DOPA (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine)-reaction product and tyrosinase antigen were found on the same organelles i.e., premelanosomes, melanosomes, GERL, and Golgi vesicles. This result seems to suggest that it is cytochemically appropriate to use DOPA as the substrate of tyrosinase. It appeared that tyrosinase antigen was present as granule-like structures inside GERL cisterna and associated with its membrane. PMID- 6792272 TI - Genetics of tumor-W in Drosophila melanogaster: mapping a gene with incomplete penetrance. PMID- 6792274 TI - Transmethylation reactions are required for initial morphologic and biochemical responses of human monocytes to chemoattractants. AB - Transmethylation reactions mediated by S-adenosyl-L-methionine are required for the chemotaxis of mononuclear leukocytes. It is not yet known, however, whether methylation reactions participate in the initial transduction of the chemotactic signals that lead to the alterations in cellular morphology required for chemotaxis and/or whether they are necessary for the subsequent biochemical events needed for sustained directed migration. We therefore investigated the effects of inhibiting methylation on 2 early responses induced by chemoattractant receptor occupancy in human monocytes; the rapid morphologic alteration from round to a triangular, motile cell configuration (polarization) and the release of [3H]-arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Both of these initial responses to 3 types of chemoattractants were severely depressed in monocytes treated with the methylation inhibitors, erythro-9-[2-hydroxy-3-nonyl]adenine (EHNA) plus adenosine and L-homocysteine or by 3-deazaadenosine plus L homocysteine. These findings indicate that methylation reactions are required for the transduction of signals after chemotactic factor receptor occupancy in monocytes, which lead to a motile cellular configuration and release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids. Activation of phospholipases with destruction of cell-associated phosphatidylinositol appears to account for the major source of arachidonic acid released by monocytes exposed to chemoattractants. This pathway for arachidonic acid release requires a transmethylation reaction since it is blocked by inhibitors of methylation. PMID- 6792275 TI - A variant alpha-chain in an Ia molecule from the I-A subregion of the mouse major histocompatibility complex: a possible intragenic recombination. AB - The recombinant MHC haplotype t1, present in mouse strain A.TL and B10.TL, encodes an I-A molecule with a variant alpha-chain that was recognized when tryptic peptide digests from t1 and the nominal parental haplotype (a1 or k) were compared by double-label reverse phase HPLC. The t1 I-A alpha-chain possesses a tryptic peptide absent from a1 and k I-A alpha-chains, and lacks several peptides present in a1 and k. The peptide that differs in t1 is not a mannose-bearing peptide, and thus its altered mobility is probably not due to carbohydrate modification. The alteration in t1 could result from mutation or intragenic recombination, but the unique t1 peptide migrates in a position identical to a peptide found in haplotype s, a partner in the (s X a1) cross that generated the t1 recombinant. If this apparently shared peptide indicates an intragenic recombination, this places the I-A alpha-gene centromeric to the other I-A subregion gene, and together with the data of Jones, suggests a gene order of I-A alpha, I-A beta, I-E beta (A alpha, A beta, Ae). PMID- 6792276 TI - Differential glycosylation of murine B cell and spleen adherent cell Ia antigens. AB - Examination of I-A and I-E molecules from purified B cells and splenic adherent cells from various haplotypes revealed a consistent difference in isoelectric focusing (IEF) that has been localized to the alpha-chain. alpa-Chains from B cells appeared heterogeneous and contained acidic IEF bands absent from the adherent cell I-A molecules. No difference in Ia beta-chain or H-2 IEF patterns was observed when B cell and adherent cell preparatios were compared when B cell and adherent cell preparations were compared. I-A alpha-chain preparations from the 2 cell sources showed no differences in 3H-leucine-labeled tryptic peptides separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Digestion with neuraminidase, kinetics of labeling, and subcellular distribution indicated that the extra acidic IEF bands in B cell Ia represent a mature, more heavily sialated form of alpha-chain that is not present in adherent cells. The selective differential glycosylation of B cell and adherent cell Ia could have some relation to the function of those cell types or to cell type-specific recognition of those cells. PMID- 6792277 TI - Primary in vitro antibody responses by purified murine B lymphocytes in serum free defined medium. AB - A serum-free medium formulation that allows a primary in vitro antibody response to the nonmitogenic thymic independent antigen TNP-AECM-Ficoll is described. Purified murine B lymphocytes and adherent accessory cells are required for optimal specific responses as well as for optimal B cell survival. The medium is based on Iscove's modification of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F 12 nutrient mixture. The serum-replacing components are insulin, transferrin, and progesterone. The survival of unstimulated murine T cells in this Iscove/F12 medium is poor, but B cells survive for relatively long periods of time. This medium should prove useful in defining the molecular requirements for B lymphocyte activation by antigen. PMID- 6792278 TI - Plaque-forming cell responses to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-L-glutamic acid60-L alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) in microcultures are not under conventional Ir gene control. AB - The IgM plaque-forming cell response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-conjugated L glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) was studied in an in vitro microculture system. Contrary to expectations, this response was not found to be under conventional H-2 linked Ir gene control. Thus, both classical responder BALB/c (H-2d) and non-responder DBA/1 (H-2q) spleen cells gave equivalent anti TNP PFC responses to TNP-GAT in these cultures. Experiments were performed to determined if haptenation had changed the GAT carrier so as to remove it from GAT specific Ir gene control. It could be demonstrated that TNP-GAT elicited in vivo anti-GAT PFC responses showing typical Ir control in the BALB/c and DBA/1 strains; that anti-hapten and anti-carrier PFC responses to DNP-GAT in vivo were similarly controlled; and that the TNP-GAT compound remained a T cell- and Ia+ accessory cell-dependent antigen in vitro. Furthermore, the microculture system allowed GAT-specific T helper cells to be detected in the spleens of DBA/1 mice treated with GAT in vivo under conditions eliciting a predominant suppressor T cell response under usual conditions of assay. These findings contrast with the Ir gene regulation of TNP-(T,G)-A--L responses seen under identical culture conditions. The implications of these results for our understanding of the site of Ir gene action and the target of suppression in the GAT model are discussed. PMID- 6792279 TI - Immunochemical relations between pneumococcal group 19 and Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides. AB - Pneumococcal type 19F polysaccharide, contained in the current U.S. licensed pneumococcal vaccine, is a poor immunogen in young children. Capsular polysaccharides of Klebsiella, reported to be cross-reactive with the pneumococcal type 19F, were isolated. Immunochemical relations between pneumococcal group 19 and Klebsiella capsular polysaccharides were studied by immunodiffusion with hyperimmune typing antisera, immune passive hemolysis, and plaque-forming cell response in mice following injection of polysaccharides. Klebsiella K2, K9, K32, K47, and K48 polysaccharides were reported to cross-react with horse pneumococcal type 19 antiserum by direct precipitation. However, these Klebsiella polysaccharides did not react in immunodiffusion with horse or with rabbit pneumococcal 19F and 19A typing antisera. Furthermore, pneumococcal type 19F and 19A polysaccharides did not precipitate with rabbit K2, K9, K32, K47, and K49 typing antisera. The cross-reactivity of the Klebsiella and pneumococcal polysaccharides was studied by 2 other methods. Rabbit pneumococcal 19F antiserum induced by low passive hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes coated with Klebsiella polysaccharides. In contrast, Klebsiella typing antisera exhibited higher hemolytic activity with erythrocytes coated with type 19F polysaccharides. The cross-reactivity of K2 and pneumococcal 19F polysaccharides was also exhibited by the direct IgM plaque-forming cell response. The cross-reactivity, determined by precipitin reactions using animal antisera, may not predict the cross immunogenicity of purified polysaccharides in humans. PMID- 6792281 TI - Surface membrane kappa and lambda light chain expression on spleen cells of neonatal and maturing normal and immune-defective CBA/NB mice: the kappa:lambda ratio is constant. PMID- 6792282 TI - A rapid solid-phase enzyme-linked binding assay for screening monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. AB - A solid-phase enzyme-linked binding assay is described for screening monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. E. coli beta-galactosidase was coupled to rabbit anti-rat Ig and used to detect the binding of rat monoclonal antibodies to cells which had been fixed to the wells of microtitre plates using a combination of poly-L-lysine and glutaraldehyde. This method was found to be advantageous for the large screening of monoclonal antibodies with a panel of cell types, and has been useful in the selection of antibodies which would be candidates for differentiation markers within the human and mouse haemopoietic systems. PMID- 6792280 TI - A mitogenic lactose-binding lectin from the sponge Geodia cydonium. AB - Two lectins with affinity for hog A + H blood group substance were extracted from the Mediterranean sponge Geodia cydonium. One, termed Geodia lectin I, was purified to near homogeneity by lactose elution from a column of hog A + H coupled to Sepharose 4B. Geodia lectin I was a glycoprotein (carbohydrate content about 14%) with m.w. of about 60,000 and an isoelectric point of pH 4.4. Subunits of about 15,000 daltons were linked by disulfide bonds. The lectin precipitated with various snail galactans composed entirely of DGal and LGal, to a slight degree with guaran, which has DGal alpha 1 leads to 6 in a terminal nonreducing position, and with blood group substances. Of 42 sugars tested, only lactose, dGal beta 1 leads to 4 DGlcNAc, DGal beta 1 leads to 3DGlcNAc, DGalNAc, inhibited precipitation. In view of the relatively high concentration of those disaccharides that inhibited relative to other lectins, the specificity of interaction is thought to be via beta-linked DGal residues that are part of a more complex combining site. Geodia lectin I was mitogenic for human peripheral blood lymphocytes with an optimal concentration of about 5.6 micrograms/ml if serum was omitted for the first 24 hr of culture to allow "triggering." Fetal calf serum apparently contained a high concentration of substances that inhibited mitogenicity and hemagglutination by Geodia lectin I, presumably by specifically interacting with the binding site. PMID- 6792283 TI - A rapid procedure for the isolation of human IgM myeloma proteins. AB - A two-step rapid procedure for the isolation of human IgM paraproteins from plasma samples is described. It involves gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 34 followed by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL6B. The overall yield of IgM is greater than 70% and the final product is pure as judged by immunoelectrophoresis and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The procedure is applicable to both euglobulin and cryoglobulin IgM proteins of a wide range of electrophoretic mobilities. PMID- 6792284 TI - Polyethylene glycol enhances the binding of C1q to circulating immune complexes. AB - By radioimmunoassay we measured the amount of endogenous C1q that was precipitated by polyethylene glycol (PEG) under the conditions of the 125I-C1q binding test (C1q-BT). We found a linear correlation between the percentage endogenous C1q that was precipitated and the 125I-C1q-binding activity (C1q-BA). We concluded that the 125I-C1q behaves like the endogenous C1q. To detect circulating immune complexes (CIC) which had already bound C1q, human sera were added to tubes coated with anti-C1q. Under the conditions used, no C1q-bearing CIC were detected. In addition, 7 sera from patients with high C1q-BA were analyzed by sucrose-gradient ultracentrifugation. No C1q was found in the fast sedimenting fractions, although C1q-BA was detected in these fractions. With IgG coated tubes we observed that PEG enhanced the binding of 125I-C1q as well as endogenous C1q to aggregated and monomeric IgG. PEG also enhanced the binding of CIC to C1q-coated tubes. The results suggest that CIC detected by the C1q-BT do not bear C1q in significant amounts in the circulation and that these CIC become detectable only in the presence of PEG. PMID- 6792285 TI - An immunoenzymatic assay for the detection and quantitation of platelet antibodies: the platelet beta-galactosidase test (PGT). AB - An immunoenzyme assay for detection of platelet antibodies and suitable for routine use is described. Purified rabbit IgG anti-human IgG antibodies are conjugated to beta-galactosidase with meta-maleimidobenzoyl-hydroxysuccinimide ester as a bifunctional reagent and o-nitrophenyl-beta-galactopyranoside as a substrate to evaluate the enzymatic activity of the labeled antiglobulin. The sera of 26 patients suffering from various diseases (acute leukemia, aplastic anemia and systemic lupus erythematosus) and 40 control subjects were assayed with the enzyme-labeled reagent and, for comparison, with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Half of these patients had never been transfused. Platelet antibodies were detected by both assays in all the transfused patients except one, and in 3 out of 13 non-transfused patients. The sera of all the control subjects were negative. Quantitation of platelet antibodies was obtained by a sensitive antiglobulin absorption technique. A method for standardization of the reagents allowing comparison of results obtained in the same patient at different times and suitable for long-term follow-up studies is also described. PMID- 6792286 TI - Biospecific bimolecular binding reactions - a new ellipsometric method for their detection, quantification and characterization. AB - A new ellipsometric method for detection, quantification and characterization of bimolecular, specific interactions on solid surfaces, e.g., binding between antigen and antibody and between ligand and receptor, is described. In the method, which we have called diffusion-in-gel (DIG) ellipsometry, one of the binding components is placed in a trough in a gel which has been poured over a solid surface coated with the other binding component. After diffusion, the gel is removed from the surface and ellipsometric measurement of thickness of adsorbed bimolecular layers is performed at different distances from the site of the diffusion trough. Bimolecular binding on the solid surfaces was also studied by wettability determinations with a water condensation technique. Three bimolecular binding systems were studied: bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA, ganglioside GM1-cholera toxin, and C-polysaccharide-C-reactive protein. There was no tendency to saturation in the anti-BSA adsorption profile, which was steep with an endpoint thickness of about 16 nm. In contrast, the cholera toxin profile, within a narrow concentration range, rose to a plateau level of about 3 nm thickness of adsorbed cholera toxin. The C-reactive protein profile formed an intermediate pattern. Good agreement was observed between the thickness of the adsorbed ligand layers and wettability as determined by water condensation. Compared with other methods, the DIG ellipsometry technique has several theoretical and practical advantages for the detection and investigation of biospecific bimolecular binding. PMID- 6792287 TI - Development of a simple passive haemagglutination-inhibition assay for Listeria monocytogenes lipoteichoic acid. AB - A simple assay for listeria lipoteichoic acid was devised. It is based on the property of this substance to attach spontaneously to erythrocytes. Thus coated rabbit erythrocytes were agglutinated by a rabbit antiserum raised towards dead listeria. Inhibition of this passive agglutination was used as a measure of listeria lipoteichoic acid. Cross-reactivity of lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus fermenti in the assay and inhibition by simple sugars suggest that the assay is specific for terminal galactose. PMID- 6792288 TI - Pi-Gm linkage: evidence for linkage in males but not in females and for an effect of the S allele of the Pi system. AB - Linkage between the Pi (alpha 1-antitrypsin) and Gm (immunoglobulin heavy chain) loci was studied in thirty-four families including forty-one informative parents and 142 children. In females, the results did not provide evidence for linkage (posterior probability of non-linkage 0.98). In contrast, in males, there was strong evidence for linkage (peak lod 3.9 at theta = 0.18, posterior probability of linkage 0.98). The two populations appeared to be significantly different (0.001 less than P less than 0.01) with respect to the heterogeneity criterion of Morton. In addition, the effect of the possession of the S allele (associated with significantly decreased serum alpha 1-antitrypsin levels) was studied in fifteen informative parents and fifty-three children of the same group. No evidence for or against linkage was found in females, but in males close linkage between Pi S and Gm was demonstrated (peak lod 7.7 at theta = 0.05, posterior probability of linkage 0.9999). These data indicate significant linkage between Pi and Gm in males but not females and close linkage between the Pi S and Gm markers in males. PMID- 6792289 TI - The role of H-2 I region genes in regulation of the immune response. AB - The evidence of the past 10 years indicates that genes mapping in the I region of the mouse major histocompatibility complex (H-2) regulate a bewildering array of immunologic functions. A survey of H-2-linked specific immune response (Ir) genes shows that the phenotypic effect of these genes is to enable a particular inbred strain to discriminate and recognize remarkably precise chemical specificities, such as one or two amino acid interchanges in a polypeptide chain. The only I region gene products which have been identified to date are the Ia antigens. These include five readily detectable polypeptide chains (Aa, Ab, Ae, Ea, and Ii) and several other serologically distinct entities which are selectively expressed on functionally distinct T cell subsets (J1, J2?, J3? and C). The specificity of recognition of Ir genes would seem to require a larger number of I region gene products than can be generated even by combinatorial association of the four readily identifiable peptides (to give eight combinatorial associations) and the other serologically identified gene products. If the Ia antigens are to function as an antigen specific receptor system, separate from immunoglobulin molecules, there must be other, as yet undetected, I region gene products (e.g. Ia antigens). Alternatively, the known I region gene products could function by any one of several postulated mechanisms to generate an antigen specific T cell receptor system. The available evidence for the total number of I region gene products is reviewed, and the alternate possibilities are briefly discussed in this presentation. PMID- 6792290 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to haemoglobin. I. Demonstration of separate genetic control of the responses to the alpha- and beta-subunits by in vitro lymphocyte proliferation. AB - These studies were undertaken to analyse the genetic control of the immune response to an oligomeric protein and the role of individual subunits in the regulation of the response. Human adult haemoglobin (Hb) was selected as a model for these studies because it is a well-characterized protein and its antigenic structure is being determined in our laboratories. Mice of various congenic strains were immunized with Hb and the lymph node cells from Hb-primed mice were challenged in vitro with Hb, and its alpha-chain and beta-chains as well as an appropriate control antigen. Lymphocyte proliferation was determined by 3H thymidine incorporation. The data collected indicated that mice of the H-2b and H 2d haplotypes were high responders while H-2k, H-2s, H-2q and H-2j haplotype mice were low responders to Hb. Studies with H-2 recombinant strains indicated that the immune response to Hb and its subunits is determined by genes in the I-A subregion and the D end of the H-2 complex. The significance of these findings in terms of control and regulation of the overall response to native Hb are discussed. PMID- 6792291 TI - [Experimental study in the urinary tract of a new smooth surface absorbable synthetic monofilament (author's transl)]. AB - The authors used 27 dogs to test the behaviour in the urinary tract of a new synthetic monofilament and absorbable suture material. Polydioxanone (PDS). The experiment was aimed at assessing the strength, ease of use, rate of absorption and lithogenic power of this material, in comparison with chromic catgut. Four loops of each material studied were inserted in the bladder, floating freely in the lumen. Absorption was evaluated by periodic cystoscopies. In the kidneys, one suture of each type was inserted into the excretory cavities by the transparenchymatous route. Development of a possible calculus was sought by urography and repeated plain X-rays of the abdomen. All the animals were killed at 6 months and routine pathological study made of the kidneys and bladder. Certain dogs were infected with proteus and subjected to fluid restriction. The lithogenic power of PDS and chromic catgut appeared to be identical. In contrast with urine, the absorption of chromic catgut by enzyme digestion was more rapid than that of polydioxanone by hydrolysis. By contrast, within the thickness of the tissues, absorption of the latter was more constant and more complete than that of chromic catgut. Polydioxanone caused a less marked tissue inflammatory reaction than the former. Scars were of equal strength. Finally, PDS suture material appears to be remarkably strong and very much easier to use than woven absorbable synthetic materials currently in use. PMID- 6792292 TI - Electrophoretic pattern of human hairbulb tyrosinase. AB - A small gel electrophoretic system has been developed for the study of tryosinase from human hairbulb melanocytes. Enzyme is released from the hairbulb with Triton X-100. Electrophoresis is run in 60 mm microcapillary pipettes with an internal diameter of 1.5 mm. With this technique, tyrosinase from normally pigmented brown, black, blond, and red hairbulbs gives a single band when the gel is stained with L-dopa for enzyme activity. Tryosinase from tryosinase-positive oculocutaneous albino and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome hairbulbs gives a single L dopa band. Neuraminidase pretreatment of the tyrosinase from normal and albino hairbulbs changes the migration of the tyrosinase band to a less anodal position. Trypsin pretreatment has no effect. We conclude that human hairbulb tyrosinase is a glycoprotein and that tyrosinase-positive albino tyrosinase has no major electrophoretic difference from normal enzyme. PMID- 6792293 TI - Characterization of structural properties for morphological differentiation of melanosomes: I. Purification of tyrosinase by tyrosine affinity chromatography and its characterization in B16 and Harding Passey melanomas. AB - To characterize how structural properties are related to the morphological differentiation of melanosomes, two forms of melanosomes, commonly seen in mammals, were isolated from B16 and Harding Passey (HP) mouse melanomas. From these morphologically different melanosomes, tyrosinase was solubilized by BRIJ 35 and purified by affinity chromatographies substituted with tyrosinase substrates. We found that tyrosine ethyl ester (TEE) and dopa are effective and specific in retaining tyrosinase as an affinity media and that enzyme retrieval with approximately 100% recovery is possible by a substrate, TEE, or a competitive inhibitor, N-acetyl L-tyrosine. The purified tyrosinase of B16 and HP melanosomes possessed a common antigenic site and revealed little difference in size and the Mikaelis constant for dopa utilization. It is likely that tyrosinase is involved in melanosome morphogenesis only through melanization, and that it is not directly related to the architecture, i.e., lamellar and granular patterns, of the inner matrix. PMID- 6792294 TI - The nature of the epidermal growth produced by the first application of 12-0 tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate on the skin of mice initiated with dimethylbenzanthracene. PMID- 6792295 TI - Assay of melanotropic peptides in an in vitro mammalian system. AB - A reproducible and sensitive assay for melanotropic agents is described employing mouse melanoma cells in culture and measuring tyrosinase activity in terms of production of tritiated water from L-(ring-3,5-3H)-tyrosine. Molar concentrations of peptides inducing one-half maximal stimulation of tyrosinase activity were: beta-MSH, 1 +/- 2 x 10(-9); alpha-MSH and Beta h-LPH, 1 +/- 2 x 10(-8); ACTHp, 1 +/- 2 x 10(-7). Beta p 9-18-MSH and melanotropin potentiating factor, beta s 88 91-LPH exhibited no activity at concentrations as high as 10(-5)M. PMID- 6792296 TI - Infections due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the United States: 1976-1980. PMID- 6792297 TI - Vancomycin-sensitive Neisseria gonorrheae. PMID- 6792299 TI - Regrowth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria after the bactericidal action of carbenicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus to bactericidal concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics in broth culture resulted in a decrease in viability over the first 6--8 hr, followed by regrowth which was not due to the selection of resistant variants or loss of antibiotic potency. During incubation, bacteria adhered to the surface of the culture vessel and multiplied despite the presence of bactericidal concentrations of antibiotic in the medium. It is concluded that the phenomenon of "regrowth" results from such adhesion and the subsequent dispersal of some of these cells into the culture medium. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the treatment of infection, the determination of minimal bactericidal concentrations, and the phenomena of tolerance and persisters. PMID- 6792298 TI - Susceptibility of selected inbred strains of mice to Encephalitozoon cuniculi. AB - Selected inbred strains of mice were examined for susceptibility to peritoneal infections with Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Marked differences in susceptibility and resistance among mouse strains were not controlled by loci within the mouse major histocompatibility (H-2) complex, but resistance in BALB/c mice was influenced by a dominant gene(s) outside the H-2 complex. The lethality of peritoneal infections in hypothymic nude mice suggested that resistance to encephalitozoonosis is dependent on thymus-derived lymphocytes. Peritoneal infection with E. cuniculi was associated with slightly enhanced proliferative spleen cell responses to mitogens in BALB/c mice and significantly depressed responses in C57Bl/6 mice. Infection in BALB/c mice was accompanied by normal antibody responses to sheep erythrocyte immunogens, but C57Bl/6 mice had depressed antibody responses. The results indicate that the immune system plays a major role in determining the course of peritoneal infections with E. cuniculi and that encephalitozoonosis can modulate the host's immune system. PMID- 6792300 TI - [Laboratory evaluation for urine identification card in the automated microbial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792302 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina. (3) Antibiotic susceptibility of group B streptococci isolated from the vagina of women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792301 TI - [Evaluation of enzyme immunoassay technique (Hepanostika) for the demonstration of hepatitis B surface antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792303 TI - [Histopathological findings of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine and their significance (author's transl)]. AB - Characteristics features of the histopathological findings of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine are as follows: 1. In the segmental type of OPLL, the ossification of fibers usually initiates near the posterior border of the vertebral body and in those fibers which attach to the edge of the vertebral body. 2. At the axial ossifying point, degeneration of fibers occurs and enchondral ossification process follows, while in other part of the ossifying area, different types of ossification processes may also occur. 3. In association with OPLL, especially in the hyperostotic type, other paraspinal soft tissues may exhibit proliferation of the cartilage cells with or without ossification, implying the presence of ossifying tendency of the whole body. Of these tissues, the periosteum, the annulus fibrosus and/or the dura mater demonstrate proliferating changes in direct contact with OPLL, and the involvement of the periosteum precedes the other changes including OPLL, suggesting some influence from the vertebral side over the ossifying process of the paraspinal soft tissues. PMID- 6792304 TI - The ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL). The Investigation Committee on OPLL of the Japanese Ministry of Public Health and Welfare. PMID- 6792305 TI - [On the effect of in vitro and in vivo immunopotentiation with SSM (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792306 TI - Continuous EEG recording: a new diagnostic tool. PMID- 6792307 TI - Mesenteric lymph apolipoproteins in control and ethinyl estradiol-treated rats: a model for studying apolipoproteins of intestinal origin. AB - Rat mesenteric lymph contains all serum apolipoproteins. However, it is uncertain whether some of these apolipoproteins are derived from intestinal synthesis or are transferred from plasma. We compared lymph apolipoprotein composition, concentrations, and transport rates in normal rats and in rats treated with pharmacologic doses of ethinyl estradiol which have negligible concentrations of serum lipids and apolipoproteins. Lymph apolipoproteins were examined before and after duodenal lipid infusion. Lymph d less than 1.006 and 1.006-1.21 g/ml lipoproteins were isolated and SDS-electrophoresis was performed using 10 and 3.5% polyacrylamide. During lipid absorption, lymph flow increased in control but not in treated rats. Control lymph contained all major apolipoproteins, but lymph from ethinyl estradiol-treated rats contained only apoB, A-I, and A-IV. Two apoB bands were noted on 3.5% gels in control lymph, but only the lower molecular weight protein was found in lymph from ethinyl estradiol-treated rats. In control rats, transport rates for apoA-I, A-IV, E, and C proteins increased during lipid absorption, but only in the case of A-IV was this a reflection of increased apolipoprotein concentration and not the enhanced lymph flow. In ethinyl estradiol-treated rats only the A-IV transport rate increased due to lipid infusion. It is concluded that in the ethinyl estradiol-treated rat 1) the intestine does not synthesize apoE, C, or the high molecular weight apoB; 2) lymphatic output of A-IV is predominantly increased during lipid absorption; and 3) since plasma apolipoprotein concentrations are negligible, lymph lipoproteins from ethinyl estradiol-treated rats may represent a close approximation to nascent particles of intestinal origin. PMID- 6792308 TI - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: defective liver mitochondrial hydroxylation of chenodeoxycholic acid precursors. AB - Oxidation of the side chain of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha, 7 alpha-diol, 7 alpha hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one, and 5-cholestene-3 beta, 7 alpha-diol has been studied in subcellular fractions of liver from a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) and a control subject. All intermediates were efficiently 26 hydroxylated and further converted to the corresponding 26-carboxylated derivatives by the mitochondrial fraction of normal human liver. No such conversion was observed with the mitochondria from the liver of the CTX patient and the control subject. 12 alpha-Hydroxylation of the patient and the control subject. 12 alpha-Hydroxylation of the substrates was very efficient with the microsomal fractions from both subjects. Bases on these and previous findings (Oftebro, H., I. Bjorkhem, S. Skrede, A. Schreiner, and J. I. Pedersen. 1980. J. Clin. Invest. 65: 1481-1430), it i concluded that the metabolic defect in CTX is a complete lack of mitochondrial C27-steroid 26-hydroxylase. In CTX the precursors of chenodeoxycholic acid are first attacked by the microsomal 12 alpha hydroxylase and subsequently by the microsomal 25-hydroxylase as an alternate route to cholic acid formation. This explains the increased ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid observed in the bile of these patients. In the normal liver the formation of both cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid involves a mitochondrial 26-hydroxylation. PMID- 6792309 TI - Separation of molecular species of sphingomyelin and ceramide by argentation and reversed-phase HPLC. AB - A convenient method for the separation of molecular species of complex lipids such as sphingomyelin and ceramide by argentation high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described for the first time. Molecular species separation of these complex lipids was achieved for quantitative analysis and preparative work by the combined use of argentation and reversed-phase HPLC. Smith, M., P. Monchamp, and F. B. Jungalwala. Separation of molecular species of sphingomyelin and ceramide by argentation and reversed-phase HPLC. PMID- 6792310 TI - Effect of fatty acid saturation on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. AB - NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes, as measured by malondialdehyde formation, decreased by 90% when rats were fed a diet containing 16% coconut oil. This reduction occurred within 1 to 3 days after the rats were placed on this highly saturated diet. The decrease in peroxidation activity was associated with a reduction in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the microsomal phospholipids, particularly arachidonic acid. When the rats were transferred to a highly polyunsaturated diet containing 16% sunflower seed oil, microsomal lipid peroxidation and arachidonic acid content were restored to normal values within 10 days. Arachidonic acid contained in the microsomal choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was the main substrate for peroxidation. Addition of diarachidonyl phosphatidylcholine, but not free arachidonic acid, to the assay system restored peroxidation activity in tahe micraosomes prepared from ahe livers of the rats fed saturated fat. Likewise, prior incubation of these microsomes with a mixture of phospholipid exchange protein and liposomes containing diarachidonyl phosphatidylcholine restored peroxidation activity. These results indicate that diets rich in saturated fat reduce microsomal lipid peroxidation by decreasing the availability of polyunsaturated fatty acids in substrate phospholipids. PMID- 6792312 TI - The use of ambiphilic dermatological cream and radiation dermatitis in radiation therapy: a clinical study at Siriraj hospital, Bangkok. PMID- 6792311 TI - Serum and hepatic nascent lipoproteins in normal and hypercholesterolemic rats. AB - The lipids and apoproteins of serum, hepatic Golgi cisternae, and secretory vesicle lipoproteins from hypothyroid, hypercholesterolemic rats were analyzed and compared to homologous lipoprotein fractions from euthyroid rats fed a low fat chow diet in order tao determine the nature of the nascent lipoprotein particles and indicate post-secretory modifications. Normal rat hepatic Golgi and secretory vesicles contained predominantly triglyceride-rich very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) which had little associated apoC-II or C-III and was deficient in apoE when compared to serum VLDL. Small quantities of cholesteryl ester enriched low density lipoprotein (LDL) containing apoB and apoE were also present. Hepatic fractions from hypercholesterolemic rats contained cholesteryl ester- and apoE-rich, triglyceride-depleted VLDL of similar size, immunodiffusion characteristics, ratio of immunoassayable apoB to apoE, and lipid composition, to hypercholesterolemic serum VLDL. Hepatic levels of LDL in hypercholesterolemic rats were markedly elevated and enriched in cholesteryl ester and apoE when compare to normal hepatic LDL. Cholesteryl ester-rich hepatic VLDL and LDL increased in size and in cholesteryl ester and apoE content during transit from the Golgi cisternae into the secretory vesicles. Triglyceride-rich VLDL only acquired apoE which was further supplemented upon secretion. Nascent VLDL and LDL represented LpB-LpE association complexes and no deficiency in any apoE isoprotein within the cholesteryl ester-rich serum lipoproteins was observed. Thus, dietary-induced hypercholesterolemia in hypothyroid rats results in a fatty liver whose lipoprotein secretory products contribute to the plasma pool of abnormal cholesteryl ester- and apoE-enriched lipoproteins. PMID- 6792313 TI - Effects of oestradiol, hypothalamic extracts and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on rat anterior pituitary gland gonadotrophin release in vitro before and after the preovulatory luteinizing hormone surge at pro-oestrus. AB - Changes at the anterior pituitary and/or hypothalamic levels which result in selective FSH release during late pro-oestrus in the cyclic rat were investigated. The possible involvement of decreasing serum concentrations of oestrogen during pro-oestrus in such changes was studied. Rats were decapitated at 12.00 h on pro-oestrus, before the onset of the LH surge and first phase of FSH release, or at 24.00 h on pro-oestrus, shortly after the onset of the second or selective phase of FSH release. Other rats were given oestrogen (OE2) at 14.00 h and killed at 24.00 h pro-oestrus. Paired hemi-anterior pituitary glands were incubated with vehicle or OE2 with or without synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LH RH) or hypothalamic acid extracts prepared from rats killed at 12.00 or 24.00 h on pro-oestrus. At 24.00 h pro-oestrus, serum FSH concentration was high while serum LH concentration was low regardless of whether rats were given OE2. Glands collected and incubated at 24.00 h released more FSH and less LH than did glands collected and incubated at 12.00 h pro-oestrus. Administration of OE2 in vivo and/or in vitro did not affect these responses. The increments in LH and FSH release attributed to LH-RH or hypothalamic extracts in the glands incubated at 24.00 h were not different from those of the glands incubated at 12.00 h. Also, the hypothalamic extracts prepared from rats killed at 24.00 h were no more effective than the extracts prepared from rats killed at 12.00 h in releasing LH or FSH from glands incubated at 12.00 or 24.00 h pro-oestrus. Administration of OE2 in vivo caused a small suppression of LH-RH-induced FSH release. We suggest that a change occurs at the level of the anterior pituitary gland during the period of the LH surge and first phase of FSH release to increase basal FSH secretion selectively and cause, at least in part, the second phase of increased serum FSH. This change is not mediated by a decrease in serum oestrogen concentration. We failed to observe any evidence that LH-RH causes preferential FSH release during late pro-oestrus or that a hypothalamic peptide with a preferential FSh releasing ability is involved in FSH release at this time. PMID- 6792314 TI - Testicular function in strains of mice selected for differences in gonadotrophin induced ovulation. AB - Mice were selected on the basis of ovulatory responses to injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Various parameters of pituitary and gonadal function as well as responsiveness to exogenous gonadotrophins were examined in males from high induced-ovulation rate (HIOV) and low induced-ovulation rate (LIOV) lines. Testicular weight, seminal vesicle weight and plasma LH levels were lower in HIOV than in LIOV males, while plasma concentrations of FSH and testosterone did not differ. Binding of FSH, but not of LH, in the testes was significantly higher in HIOV mice. Twenty-four hours after administration of hCG, plasma testosterone levels were higher and testicular LH binding sites appeared more depleted in HIOV than in LIOV males. Production of testosterone by decapsulated testes in vitro was significantly higher in HIOV than in LIOV mice under basal conditions, as well as in the presence of LH, FSH, hCG or PMSG. It was concluded that selection for differences in gonadotrophin-induced ovulation rate produced correlated differences in the steroidogenic response of the testes to gonadotrophins and that these differences may be due to divergence in the number of gonadal FSH binding sites. PMID- 6792315 TI - Stimulation of release of luteinizing hormone from cultured pituitary cells by 2- and 4-hydroxylated oestrogens. AB - We have examined the effect of the catechol oestrogens 2-hydroxyoestradiol (2 OHE2), 4-hydroxyoestradiol (4-OHE2) and 2-hydroxyoestrone (2-OHE1) and their corresponding primary oestrogens on secretion of LH and FSH by enzymatically dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells in monolayer culture. Basal LH levels in the medium were significantly higher than in control wells when cells were exposed to 10(-8) M-oestradiol-17 beta for 40 h: oestrone and all three catechol oestrogens (in the same doses) also stimulated basal LH concentrations to levels quantitatively similar to those seem after oestradiol treatment. The same effects were observed when steroids were given at 10(-9) mol/l. Oestradiol, 2-OHE2, and 4 OHE2 but not 2-OHE1 increased pituitary responsiveness to LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) (given in a range of doses from 10(-11) to 10(-6) mol/l). The responses of cells treated with 2-OHE2 and 4-OHE2 were similar, though less than the response seen after treatment with oestradiol. This contrasts with the very different oestrogenic effects of 2- and 4-OHE2 previously observed in vivo. Neither oestradiol nor the catechol oestrogens had any effect on basal or LH-RH stimulated FSH release. PMID- 6792316 TI - Type II collagen-induced arthritis in mice. I. Major histocompatibility complex (I region) linkage and antibody correlates. AB - A model of arthritis was established by the injection of type II collagen into mice. Only mice bearing the H-2q haplotype were susceptible to the disease. Susceptibility was further mapped by the use of recombinant strains on the Iq locus. Type II collagen arthritis was observed in the (resistant X susceptible) F1 cross. Mice strains were designated high, intermediate, or low responders with respect to the anti-type II antibody levels measured by radioimmunoassay. Arthritis-susceptible strains were all classified as high antibody responders. The clinical and histological appearance of type II collagen arthritis in the mouse indicates that it may be a good animal model for the investigation of various immunogenetic traits in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6792317 TI - Aging and antimicrobial immunity. Impaired production of mediator T cells as a basis for the decreased resistance of senescent mice to listeriosis. AB - Immunity to infection of mice with the facultative, intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes was employed as a model system to investigate the immunological basis for the age-associated decline in anti-microbial immunity. In response to a sublethal immunizing infection, aged (24-mo old or more) mice displayed a smaller increase in spleen weight, spleen cellularity, and splenic T cell content than young (3- to 4-mo-old) mice. Aged mice also generated a smaller number of anti-Listeria protective T cells at the time of a peak response, in that their spleen cells were 1,000-fold less protective than equivalent numbers of spleen cells from the young donors, even when enriched T cell populations were employed. These results suggest that the impaired ability of aged mice to produce protective T cells is mainly responsible for decreased resistance of these mice to infection with Listeria. PMID- 6792318 TI - Responder T cells depleted of alloreactive cells react to antigen presented on allogeneic macrophages from nonresponder strains. AB - T cells from strains responder to the antigen poly(Glu40 Ala60) (GA) were depleted of alloreactive cells by bromo-deoxyuridine and light treatment, and were subsequently primed in vitro in GA presented by allogeneic macrophages from nonresponder strains. Antigen-specific secondary proliferative responses restricted by allogeneic Ia molecules of the macrophages were obtained in all strain combinations tested. These data indicate that Ir gene-controlled nonresponsiveness cannot be the result of a failure of antigen presentation. PMID- 6792319 TI - The anovulatory hamster: a comparison of the effects of short photoperiod and daily melatonin injections on the induction and termination of ovarian acyclicity. AB - Cyclic female hamsters were rendered anovulatory by daily subcutaneous melatonin injections (25 microgram/0.1 ml oil) in 29 days or by transfer to a short light cycle, LD 6:18 (lights 1000-1600 hrs) in 33 days. Estrous cyclicity was reinitiated in these animals in 44 or 45 days following cessation of melatonin injections or transfer to long light cycles (LD 14:10, lights 0600-2000 hrs), respectively. Exposure of both groups to LD 6:18 after reinitiation of estrous cyclicity caused a second cessation of ovulation in 75 (melatonin group) or 61 (short light cycle group) days. Thus, although both treatments disrupted estrous cyclicity for nearly 6 weeks, this was not sufficient to induce photorefractoriness (failure to respond to short light cycles with continued estrous cyclicity). Rather, every animal responded to LD 6:18 and ceased ovulating. Melatonin-induced anovulatory hamsters showed daily gonadotropin release patterns identical to those reported in hamsters in other anovulatory states (lactating, prepubertal, and photoinduced anovulatory hamsters); that is, peak LH and FSH release at 1700 hrs daily. PMID- 6792320 TI - The cellular origin of the zona pellucida antigen in the human and hamster. AB - The origin of the zona pellucida in follicles at different stages of maturation was studied in the hamster and human by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using a specific anti-hamster zona pellucida serum. The earliest detection of the zona pellucida material occurred in the ooplasm of oocytes in primordial follicles. In primary follicles, the fluorescence was localized at the periphery of the oocyte. In secondary and in mature follicles a deposition of fluorescent material was visualized on the inner and outer regions of the zona pellucida. Follicular cells, other than the oocyte, failed to exhibit a fluorescent reaction with the antizona pellucida serum. It is concluded that the oocyte is an important source of the antigenic material of the zona pellucida of hamster and human ova. PMID- 6792321 TI - Analysis of perinotochordal materials. I. Studies on proteoglycans synthesis. AB - Perinotochordal proteoglycans have been shown to influence somite chondrogenic differentiation. However, information concerning the composition of the proteoglycan molecules synthesized by the notochord, or the exact type of molecule necessary for the induction of somite chondrogenesis is not known. The results of the present study indicate that the proteoglycan extracted from the 8 day old notochord culture consists of predominantly small proteoglycans, while the large aggregates form less than 30% of the total. The chondroitin sulfate composition also shows a cartilage type of proteoglycan molecules synthesized by the notochord. PMID- 6792322 TI - Electron-transport cytochrome P-450 system is involved in the microsomal metabolism of the carcinogen chromate. AB - The kinetics of chromate reduction by liver microsomes isolated from rats pretreated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene with NADPH or NADH cofactor have been followed. Induction of cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity in microsomes by phenobarbital pretreatment caused a decrease in the apparent chromate-enzyme dissociation constant, Km, and an increase in the apparent second-order rate constant, kcat/Km, but did not affect the kcat of NADPH-mediated microsomal metabolism of chromate. Induction of cytochrome P-448 in microsomes by 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment did not affect the kinetics of NADPH-mediated reduction of chromate by microsomes. The kinetics of NADH-mediated microsomal chromate reduction were unaffected by the drug treatments. The effects of specific enzyme inhibitors on the kinetics of microsomal chromate reduction have been determined. 2'-AMP and 3-pyridinealdehyde-NAD, inhibitors of NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase, inhibited the rate of microsomal reduction of chromate with NADPH and NADH. Metyrapone and carbon monoxide, specific inhibitors of cytochrome P-450, inhibited the rate of NADPH mediated microsomal reduction of chromate, whereas high concentrations of dimethyl-sulfoxide (0.5 M) enhanced the rate. These results suggest that the electron-transport cytochrome P-450 system is involved in the reduction of chromate by microsomal systems. The NADPH and NADH cofactors supply reducing equivalents ultimately to cytochrome P-450 which functions as a reductase in chromate metabolism. The lower oxidation state(s) produced upon chromate reduction may represent the ultimate carcinogenic form(s) of chromium. These studies provide evidence for the role of cytochrome P-450 in the activation of inorganic carcinogens. PMID- 6792323 TI - Coordination chemical studies on metalloenzymes. IX. Properties of the ternary complex between cobalt(II)-bovine carbonic anhydrase and bidentate ligands. AB - The spectrum, thermodynamic parameters, and proton longitudinal relaxation time of the ternary complex between various bidentate ligands (2-pyridinecarboxylate, 2-quinolincarboxylate, 8-quinolinecarboxylate, and 2-pyridylacetate) and cobalt(II)-bovine carbonic anhydrase were measured to clarify the nature of the ternary complex. The formation constants of the ternary complexes of bidentate ligands are in the order of (2-pyridinecarboxylate approximately greater than 8 quinolinecarboxylate much greater than 2-quinolinecarboxylate approximately equal to 2-pyridylacetate). The degree of the shift of the band characteristic of five coordinate species at 13-15 kcm-1 (cm-1 X 10(-3)) and that of the higher energy band at 21-22 kcm-1 decrease almost in the same order. These results are explained on the basis of the contribution of the bond formation between the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic ring of ligands and cobalt ion. The formation constants of the ternary complex of bidentate ligands were compared to the stability constants of various ligands with a cobalt ion but there is no correlation in these values. The rate constant of break-up of the ternary complex was discussed on the coordination geometry of the ternary complex on the basis of the degree of the distortion. PMID- 6792324 TI - Contractile and chemosensitive properties of muscle treated with calcium ionophore A23187. Comparison with dystrophic muscle. AB - Rat diaphragms were treated with calcium ionophore, A23187, for 60 min at 37 degrees C, and twitch, tetanus and their derivatives were studied on the basis of the active state concept. Results were than compared with those of human dystrophic muscle. Like dystrophic muscle, maximum tetanic force and maximum velocity of tetanus development were markedly reduced. Changes in twitch parameters, which tend to appear in an early stage of muscular dystrophy, were not noted after the treatment with this ionophore, except alterations relating to prolongation of the active state. Twitch/tetanus ratio was thus increased, while it was decreased in dystrophic muscle. Isoproterenol-induced change of twitch was normally seen in the A23187-treated muscle, while dystrophic muscle responded to catecholamine in a manner different from control. Therefore, the muscle treated with calcium ionophore is not wholly similar to dystrophic muscle. PMID- 6792325 TI - The effects of mannitol on blood viscosity. AB - To determine the effect of mannitol on blood viscosity, serial measurements were carried out on venous blood in patients undergoing craniotomies for intracranial aneurysms. Blood samples were drawn immediately prior to, and 30 minutes, 2, and 4 hours after administration of mannitol. Complete blood counts, serum osmolarities, and erythrocyte microsieving studies were also performed on each sample. Whole-blood viscosity decreased at 30 minutes and 2 hours, but not at 4 hours after mannitol administration. This decreased appeared at high shear rates only, where erythrocyte deformability is critical viscosity. This effect was independent of the hematocrit. Removal of mannitol from the suspension returned red cell deformability to preadministration values indicating that the increased erythrocyte deformability required the presence of mannitol and the relative hyperosmolarity induced by this agent. The reduced erythrocyte rigidity and subsequent decreased whole-blood viscosity should enhance tissue perfusion in the microcirculation. PMID- 6792326 TI - Cardiac catheters for diagnosis and treatment of venous air embolism: a prospective study in man. AB - One hundred consecutive patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures in the seated position were monitored for venous air embolism with a Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery (PA) catheter, precordial Doppler ultrasound device, and continuous end tidal CO2 (FETCO2) analysis. Simultaneous determinations of right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were also performed during each operation. Although 80 episodes of air embolism were detected by changes in Doppler sounds, only 36 were associated with increased PA pressure, and only 30 developed a decrease in FETCO2. Changes in PA pressure and FETCO2 agreed closely (r = 0.86), and only marked changes were associated with systemic hypotension. Air was recovered from the right atrium and PA only in small amounts (2 to 20 ml) during air embolism, although it was possible to aspirate large quantities of blood. Twenty-nine patients were found to have right atrial pressures that were higher than pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. Paradoxical air embolism from a probe patent foramen ovale was possible in these patients, and one developed signs and symptoms of systemic air embolism postoperatively. We conclude that noninvasive monitoring with the combination of a precordial Doppler device and end-tidal CO2 analysis is satisfactory for rapid detection of clinically significant venous air embolism. The unique advantage of Swan-Ganz monitoring, however, is that it permits identification of patients who may sustain paradoxical air embolism, and that it differentiates the hemodynamic effects of brain-stem manipulation from those caused by air embolism. PMID- 6792327 TI - Fulminant postsurgical Bacillus cereus meningitis: case report. AB - A 25-year-old woman presented with decreased level of consciousness, bilateral papilledema, and bitemporal hemianopsia. While receiving oxacillin prophylaxis, she underwent ventriculostomy and a transsphenoidal approach for the removal of a growth hormone- and prolactin-secreting adenoma of the pituitary. Within 4 days, fewer, symptoms of meningitis, and marked cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis developed, associated with many large Gram-positive rods in the CSF, subsequently identified as Bacillus cereus. This case emphasizes the potential for Bacillus species to cause serious disease following surgery, including meningitis after intracranial surgery. Meningitis may be severe, and organisms are often resistant to standard surgical prophylactic regimens, which might include penicillin or cephalosporin derivatives. Isolation of Bacillus species from the CSF requires evaluation; these organisms should not be dismissed as contaminants or "non pathogens," particularly when isolated from CSF of patients who have recently undergone neurosurgical procedures. PMID- 6792328 TI - Clinical evaluation of a thyroxine-binding globulin assay in calculating a free thyroxine index. PMID- 6792329 TI - Primary nursing: variations in practice. PMID- 6792330 TI - Assessment of the essential fatty acid requirement in gerbils by polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio. AB - Essential fatty acid status in the gerbil was assessed using the ratio of 20:3 omega 9 (5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid) to 20:4 omega 6 (arachidonic acid) derived from liver phospholipid. Both a fat-free diet and a diet containing 20% hydrogenated coconut oil produced an essential fatty acid deficiency. The minimum requirement for 18:2 omega 6 (linoleic acid) in the gerbil, like that in the rat, was estimated at 1% kcal of the diet when graded levels of safflower oil were added to a purified diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil. Dietary cholesterol did not affect the minimum requirement, but accentuated the triene:tetraene ratio when the dietary linoleate level was below the requirement. PMID- 6792331 TI - Cytotoxic effects of dental cements on two cell culture systems. AB - Four dental cements and one bis-GMA composite were tested in cultures of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and mouse 3T3 fibroblasts. It was found that these cell types reacted to the cements with different intensities, and that there were differences in evaluation by phase contrast microscopy and succinic dehydrogenase histochemistry. PMID- 6792332 TI - Autoradiographic demonstration of unscheduled DNA synthesis in oral tissues treated with chemical carcinogens in short-term organ culture. AB - A system in which oral tissues of inbred F344 adult rats and Syrian golden hamster embryos were used in combination with autoradiography was developed for measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS). For this, oral mucosa, submandibular gland, tooth germ and mandible in short-term organ cultures were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or N-methyl-N-nitrosourea plus (methyl 3H)thymidine. Significant numbers of silver grains, indicating UDS, were detected over the nuclei of cells of all these tissues except rat salivary gland after treatment with carcinogens. This autoradiographic method is suitable for detection of UDS in oral tissues in conditions mimicking those in vivo. Results obtained in this study indicated a potential use of this system for studies on the mechanism of carcinogenesis at a cellular level comparable to in vivo carcinogenesis studies on oral tissues. PMID- 6792333 TI - Oral mucosal lesions associated with the wearing of removable dentures. AB - Lesions of the oral mucosa associated with wearing of removable dentures may represent acute or chronic reactions to microbial denture plaque, a reaction to constituents of the denture base material, or a mechanical denture injury. The lesions constitute a heterogeneous group with regard to pathogenesis. They include denture stomatitis, angular cheilitis, traumatic ulcers, denture irritation hyperplasia, flabby ridges, and oral carcinomas. Denture stomatitis is the most common condition which affects the palatal mucosa in about 50% of wearers of complete or partial removable dentures. Most of the lesions caused by chronic infection (Candida albicans) or mechanical injury whereas allergic reactions to the denture base materials are uncommon. Angular cheilitis (lesions of the angles of the mouth) is characterized by maceration, erythema and crust formation. The prevalence is about 15% among wearers of complete dentures. The lesions have an infectious origin but several local, including prosthetic, or systemic predisposing conditions are usually present. Traumatic ulcers caused by dentures with overextended or unbalanced occlusion are seen in about 5% of denture wearers. Denture irritation hyperplasia, which is caused by chronic injury of the tissue in contact with the denture border, is present in about 12% of denture wearers. Flabby ridge, which is replacement of alveolar bone by fibrous tissue, is present in 10-20%. Finally, there is evidence that chronic injury of the oral mucosa by dentures in rare instances may predispose to development of carcinomas. Most types of lesions are benign and quite symptomless. However, diagnosis may be difficult and the more severe and dramatic tissue reactions to dentures may indicate underlying systemic diseases. In order to prevent or minimize the extent of the lesions, denture wearers should be recalled regularly for an examination of the oral cavity and the dentures. It is important that the examination is carried out by a person who has adequate medical knowledge. PMID- 6792334 TI - Nuclear area and Feulgen DNA content of normal buccal mucosal smears. AB - Malignant cells usually have an abnormal DNA content demonstrable by cytophotometry of Feulgen stained tissue. The diagnostic reliability of the technique is reduced because some malignant cells have a normal Feulgen DNA content. If Feulgen DNA content can be combined with measurements of additional cytological characteristics known to vary in malignancy, reliable diagnostic criteria may be forthcoming. In this study, Feulgen DNA content and nuclear area were estimated in 50 squames from the buccal mucosa in each of 14 young adults. Nuclear Feulgen DNA content was determined using an M85 microdensitometer and nuclear area was measured using a Reichert MOP image analyser. In each specimen, Feulgen DNA content was consistent with a nonreplicating cell population. Although nuclear area varied in each specimen, the variation in mean nuclear area among the sample of 14 was not statistically significant. It is concluded that nuclear area provides an accurate baseline against which future measurements on abnormal tissue can be compared. PMID- 6792335 TI - Effect of cutting speeds and a cavity liner on the pulpal response to Nobetec. AB - The investigation was undertaken to determine the response to Nobetec, a modified zinc oxide-eugenol cement, widely used as a negative control material in pulpal studies, under conditions of high- and low-speed cavity preparation, with and without a cavity liner Dycal. The pulpal responses were evaluated at intervals of 2 days, 2 weeks and 8 weeks in the permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors in 26 vervet monkeys using labial Class V cavities prepared in 208 teeth. Nobetec was found to be more irritant to the dental pulp than Dycal although this difference was not statistically significant and the degree of irritation was low. The pulpal irritation caused by high- and low-speed cavity preparation was similar and choice of speed should be a matter of personal preference. PMID- 6792337 TI - Resolution of the need for continuous nocturnal feeding in a patient with severe type I glycogen storage disease. PMID- 6792336 TI - Biotin-responsive in vivo carboxylase deficiency in two siblings with secretory diarrhea receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - Two siblings with a congenital syndrome of secretory diarrhea and seizures developed progressive skin rash, alopecia, and mucocutaneous candidiasis while receiving biotin-free total parenteral nutrition. Abnormally low urinary biotin excretion was associated with these clinical findings, but the serum concentration of biotin was within the normal range. There was also increased urinary excretion of lactic acid, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and 3-methylcrotonylglycine. The younger of the two children subsequently died with severe metabolic acidosis. In the oder sibling, intravenous treatment with biotin (200 micrograms/day) resulted in resolution of the organic aciduria. A larger dose (10 mg/day) appeared to be required for rapid improvement in the skin lesions. These cases suggest that clinically significant biotin deficiency can occur in patients with chronic diarrhea receiving biotin-free total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6792338 TI - Vitamin A delivery from parenteral alimentation solution. PMID- 6792339 TI - Congenital lipoma with ossification in the hand of a child. PMID- 6792340 TI - Percutaneous subclavian venous catheters in neonates and children. AB - There were 191 central venous catheters placed through the subclavian vein in 135 neonates and children over a 20-mo period, providing central venous access for a total of 4525 patient days. There were 132 (69.2%) catheters inserted in patients who were in their first year of life and 60 (31.4%) weighed less than 2.5 kg. The procedure was associated with a low technical complication rate. The greatest potential intermediate or long-term complication was the development of primary catheter sepsis that occurred in 11 (5.8%) of the catheters placed. PMID- 6792341 TI - Nutritional assessment: an integral part of the preoperative pediatric surgical evaluation. AB - Comprehensive nutritional assessment in adults has revealed that 50% of hospitalized patients suffer from acute protein calorie malnutrition (PCM), a state which correlates with increased surgical morbidity and mortality. We report our results examining the same question in children, and on the basis of these data suggest that nutritional assessment be a routine part of the preoperative evaluation of all pediatric surgical patients. We studied 198 children and found that the overall prevalence of acute PCM was 54%; but if premature and term infants less than three months of age are selected, the prevalence of acute PCM was a striking 63%. If only surgical patients are considered, the prevalence of acute PCM among patients hospitalized for trauma or burns was 31% for elective operation 39%, and for acute but complex operative procedures 64%. These data demonstrate that a remarkably high prevalence of acute PCM exists among hospitalized pediatric and pediatric surgical patients. Whether aggressive perioperative nutritional support can reverse such acute PCM and favorably influence morbidity and mortality is currently speculation, but that acute protein calorie malnutrition is far more prevalent among hospitalized pediatric patients that is generally realized, and that comprehensive nutritional assessment is essential to identify the "at risk" nutritionally deprived pediatric surgical patient, have now been proven. PMID- 6792342 TI - Surgical selection of infants with gastroesophageal reflux. AB - Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can produce debilitating and even fatal disease in infants and children. GER is common in infancy, and most GER subsides with time or with postural and dietary therapy. Operation is justified only to control effectively by nonoperative methods. The clinical history and the patient's response to medical treatment remain the most important factors in our decision for or against operation. As in adults, esophagoscopy and esophageal biopsy are useful to document the presence of reflux in older children, but they seldom contribute to the decision for operation in infants. In our hands, gastric scintiscan has provided useful qualitative data on reflux-induced respiratory symptoms and quantitative data on gastric emptying. Esophageal pH monitoring is more quantitative for reflux evaluation and allows analysis and clinical correlations with reflux patterns. We have not used the reflux patterns to predict outcome or response to treatment in the individual patient. A prolonged average duration of reflux during sleep does appear to increase the probability that a patient with respiratory symptoms will respond to operative control of reflux. Our presently imprecise technique for patient selection, however, must not cause us to withhold operation from needy infants. For the infant who does not grow or who aspirates on a reflux board, or who requires prolonged hospitalization and for the preemie who aspirates at every extubation attempts or requires long-term nasojejunal feedings to prevent aspiration, we think antireflux surgery is appropriate, humane, and cost-effective. We see no excuse for persisting with ineffective management of a process that may result in stunting, chronic illness, persistent pain, esophageal scarring, or even respiratory death. PMID- 6792343 TI - Continuous PO2 and PCO2 monitoring in the neonate. PMID- 6792344 TI - Ionized calcium in milk and the integrity of the mammary epithelium in the goat. AB - 1. Injection of citrate or EGTA solutions into the lumen of the mammary gland of goats in quantities sufficient to reduce ionized calcium to less than one-tenth of normal, led to increases in milk concentrations of Na and Cl and decreases in K and lactose. 2. Subsequent milk yields were decreased in glands treated with citrate but not in those treated with EGTA. 3. Blood-milk potential difference decreased (i.e. towards zero) in glands in which citrate was present. 4. In goats milked hourly with the aid of oxytocin, milk Na and Cl concentrations increased while K and lactose decreased; there was no apparent decrease in Ca2+ concentration. 5. It is suggested that ionized calcium in milk is essential to preserve the integrity of the mammary epithelium during lactation. PMID- 6792345 TI - Smear layer removal with chelating agents after cavity preparation. PMID- 6792346 TI - Serum calcium and gastric acid-pepsin secretion. PMID- 6792347 TI - Eimeria and sarcocystis in raccoons in Illinois. AB - Eimeria nuttalli oocysts were found in 58% (21/36) and E. procyonis oocysts in 25% (9/36) of raccoons Procyon lotor in Illinois, and sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. in 17% (2/12) of other raccoons in Illinois. The oocysts of E. nuttalli were ellipsoidal to ovoid, 15-21 X 12-17 micrometer, with a one-layered, smooth, colorless wall. The oocysts of E. procyonis were 22-28 X 18-22 micrometer, with a rough, striated, brownish, two-layered wall. The sporulated sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. were 11-13 X 8-10 micrometer. Attempts to infect baby pigs by feeding them sporocysts of Sarcocystis sp. from the reaction failed. PMID- 6792349 TI - The pathogenesis of the aspirin-related gastric lesion. PMID- 6792348 TI - Infection in Britain today. PMID- 6792351 TI - [Wolman's disease. A rare cause of adrenal calcification in infants: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792350 TI - Palindromic rheumatism. PMID- 6792352 TI - Stimulation of pituitary and testicular functions with LH-RH agonist or pulsatile LH-RH treatment in the rhesus monkey during the non-breeding season. AB - Out-of-season male rhesus monkeys were used to compare the effectiveness of pulsatile treatment with LH-RH and administration of LH-RH agonist on testicular function. Treatment with LH-RH agonist (1.0 microgram Hoe 766/day) for 11 weeks resulted in partial stimulation of pituitary and testicular functions. The pituitary LH response to the agonist increased during treatment. Testosterone levels were stimulated to within the normal range and 2 of the 4 treated monkeys produced ejaculates, but sperm counts were below normal. Pulsatile treatment with LH-RH (100 ng every 96 min for 7 days alternating with LH-RH agonist treatment for 7 days) in 2 monkeys induced full testicular activity after 7 weeks. Ejaculations were induced at a time when the rhesus monkey is normally sexually inactive. Seminal characteristics at the end of treatment were similar to values in the normal breeding season. In samples collected from one monkey over a 24-h period before treatment there were no LH spikes and very low testosterone levels. During pulsatile LH-RH treatment distinct LH and testosterone spikes occurred, comparable to those in the breeding season. PMID- 6792353 TI - Inadequate corpus luteum function after the induction of ovulation in anoestrous ewes by LH-RH or an LH-RH agonist. AB - Scottish Blackface ewes were given LH-RH (3 x 30 micrograms i.v., at 90 min intervals) or D-Ser-(But)6-des Gly10 LH-Rh ethylamide (LH-RH agonist) as a single injection (8 or 40 micrograms) during anoestrus. Ovulation as judged by laparoscopy occurred in 8 of the 27 animals. Despite the fact that the LH-RH agonist induced a greater release of LH and FSH the different treatments had no effect on the number of ewes ovulating and within each treatment group there was no apparent difference in the amounts of gonadotrophins released between the ewes that did or did not ovulate. All ovulations resulted in the formation of CL associated with plasma progesterone concentrations of less than 1 ng/ml (1--5 ng/ml in the normal luteal phase). In comparison with CL of the normal cycle the induced CL were of lower weight and had reduced progesterone content and ability to secrete progesterone in vitro. However, the binding of hCG was equivalent to that of normal CL. These results suggest that the inadequate CL formed in anoestrous ewes after a single LH-RH injection have not developed the ability to synthesize and secrete progesterone in spite of the presence of normal amounts of LH receptors. PMID- 6792354 TI - In vivo studies on prolactin function in the female rat: divergent effects of treatment with bromergocryptine and antisera to rat prolactin. AB - The effect of suppression of prolactin (PRL) serum levels on early pregnancy and lactation in the rat by means of either bromergocryptine (BEC) or rabbit antiserum to rat PRL has been examined. BEC terminated early pregnancy when given on any day from 1 to 6 and significantly impaired lactation performance when injected during the lactation period. Antibodies against rat PRI, however, showed no effect on either early pregnancy or lactation, although the sera of the treated rats contained free PRL antibodies as evidence for sufficient dosage of antiserum. This finding can be explained in two ways: either the antibodies are not able to neutralize the biological activity of the bound PRL, or the effect of BEC is not mediated by PRL-suppression alone but requires a second component not provided by the specific antiserum. PMID- 6792355 TI - Milk protein immune complexes in the cow and calf. AB - Immune complexes formed between IgG and the milk protein beta-lactoglobulin have detected in bovine colostrum and in the serum of young calves. Complexes were present in all calves studied and the data suggest that they were passively acquired during suckling. The complexes had a molecular weight of 185 000 strongly suggesting the molecular configuration Ab1Ag2. Their half-life in calf serum was 12-21 days. alpha-Lactalbumin was also detected in calf serum and appeared to be complexed in a similar way. Attempts to dissociate the complexes at low pH and by reduction and separation of IgG heavy and light chains led to the release of only a small percentage of complexed beta-lactoglobulin. The results suggest that transient autoimmunity to milk and the transfer of milk protein complexes from mother to young are normal events in cattle. An immunosuppressive role for the immune complexes in postulated. PMID- 6792356 TI - A report on the occurrence of septicaemia caused by Pasteurella multocida type E in cattle from Southern Africa. AB - Haemorrhagic septicaemia caused by Pasteurella multocida type E was diagnosed at post-mortem examination in a bovine originating from South West Africa. This is the first report of this disease occurring in South West Africa. The history, clinical symptoms and gross and microscopic pathology of this case are described. The pathologic features included generalized congestion, subcutaneous oedema especially of the submandibular area, fibrinous arthritis, tendovaginitis and myositis with an accompanying lymphadenitis of the regional lymph nodes and a haemorrhagic pleuritis and pericarditis. The epizootiology of the disease in South West Africa as compared with that in Central African and Asia, where the disease is common, is discussed. A case of septicaemia caused by P. multocida type E in a calf from a group of calves originating from the Transvaal, is also reported. A post-mortem examination on this calf revealed moderate pulmonary oedema and generalized congestion of the organs and musculature. The latter lesions suggest a septicaemic condition. Other calves in this group revealed one or more of the following lesions: myositis, fibrinopurulent pneumonia or fibrinous peritonitis. PMID- 6792357 TI - Barriers to water flow in vasopressin-treated toad urinary bladder. AB - Unstirred layers of water complicate the measurement of water permeability across epithelia. In the toad urinary bladder, the hormone vasopressin increases the osmotic water permeability of the granular epithelial cell's luminal membrane, and also leads to the appearance of aggregates of particles within this membrane. The aggregates appear to be markers for luminal membrane osmotic water permeability. This report analyzes the relationship between transbladder osmotic water flow and aggregate frequency, and demonstrates that flow across the bladder is significantly attenuated by unstirred layers of water or by structural barriers other than the luminal membrane when the luminal membrane is made permeable by vasopressin. This analysis in addition yields unique values for the permeabilities of both the luminal membrane and the barriers to water flow which lie in series with it. PMID- 6792358 TI - Effects of the calcium-mediated enzymatic cross-linking of membrane proteins on cellular deformability. AB - Excess calcium binding affects the shape and dynamics of cellular deformation of human erythrocytes. It may be hypothesized that incorporation of calcium may modify cellular deformability by processes which include specific cross-linking of membrane proteins with resultant changes in cell shape and deformability. Since previous studies indicate that accumulation of calcium ions causes development of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine bridges in membrane proteins, under control of a membrane transamidating enzyme which specifically requires calcium ions for activation, experiments were devised to examine the relationship between cross-linking and deformability and to determine the effects of specific inhibitor of membrane protein cross-linking on the calcium-dependent modification of erythrocyte to the echinocytic shape. The elastic shear modulus of the membrane was not significantly affected by calcium-induced cross-linking, indicating that induced shape change, not altered elasticity, causes the observed reduction in cellular deformability. These findings support the interpretation that Ca++-induced and transamidase-catalyzed cross-linking of membrane proteins contributes to fixation of altered cellular shape and decreased cellular deformability. PMID- 6792359 TI - D-Glucose transport across the apical membrane of the surface epithelium in Nereis diversicolor. AB - Epidermal D-glucose transport was investigated in vivo in the brackish-water polychaete worm Nereis diversicolor. Transfer across the apical membrane is rate limiting to D-glucose uptake, but the cuticle and/or mucus presents some resistance to D-glucose diffusion between bulk solution and transporting membrane. Maximal D-glucose influx is about 10(-12) mol sec-1 per cm2 of apical plasmalemma. Under natural conditions (approximately 1 microM D-glucose in the medium), backflux from the epidermal transport pool is negligible, but a significant paracellular outflux may occur. D-glucose influx across the apical membrane is Na+-dependent and completely inhibitable by phlorizin and harmaline; phloretin is less effective, and cytochalasin B has no effect. Influx is moderately depressed by KCN and iodoacetate, alpha-methyl-D-glucopyranoside is an effective substitute of D-glucose in transport. Animals acclimated to a low salinity, in which epidermal salt transport takes place, show a marked decrease of D-glucose transport capacity. On transfer of animals from a high to a low salinity, or vice versa, the corresponding change of influx occurs after a time lag of at least an hour. Permeability of the epidermis to simple diffusion of D glucose is 8 X 10(-8) cm sec-1 (on basis of gross epidermal area). PMID- 6792360 TI - Unrecognized bladder diverticulum: a cause of persistent urinary tract infection. PMID- 6792361 TI - Preadmission evaluation and elective cataract surgery. PMID- 6792362 TI - Effect of chromosomal breaks induced by x-irradiation on the number of mesosomes and the cytoplasmic organization of Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 6792363 TI - tRNA2Lys gene clusters in Drosophila. PMID- 6792364 TI - Semisynthetic ribonucleases S'. The role of glutamine 11. PMID- 6792365 TI - Humoral vasoconstrictor counteracts indomethacin blockage of arachidonate induced vasodilation. PMID- 6792366 TI - Partial purification of pulmonary cytochrome P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats. AB - Pulmonary cytochrome P-448 from 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rats was partially purified approximately 20-fold. The purified preparations containing 1.74 nmol per mg protein were essentially free of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, and included a small amount of cytochrome b5 spectrophotometrically. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the partially purified cytochrome P-448 gave one major band and several minor bands when stained with Coomassie blue. The major band on which the presence of peroxidase activity could be determined had the apparent molecular weight of 57,000. In the presence of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, lipid and NADPH, the pulmonary cytochrome P-448 was active in hydroxylation of benzo-[a]pyrene, but catalyzed N-demethylation of benzphetamine in a slow rate. PMID- 6792367 TI - Posthemorrhagic changes in plasma water and extracellular fluid volumes in the rat. AB - Anesthetized rats were submitted to a standardized hemorrhage to 40 mm Hg by withdrawing 35 to 40% of the total blood volume. The plasma water and the extracellular fluid volumes of the whole animal and selected tissues were estimated with 125 I human serum albumin and 51Cr EDTA, respectively, after recovery periods of 10 and 90 minutes. The plasma water volume of the whole animal decreased, but approximately 50% of the shed plasma water was restored within 10 minutes after the hemorrhage. The extracellular fluid volume of the whole animal did not change significantly after hemorrhage, whereas this fluid compartment was regionally reduced in the liver, spleen, and subcutaneous fat after a 10-min recovery period but only in the liver after a 90-min recovery period. PMID- 6792368 TI - Role of external calcium in A23187-promoted serotonin release from platelets in the presence or absence of tetracaine. PMID- 6792369 TI - High-frequency elimination of SP02 prophage from Bacillus subtilis by plasmid transformation. AB - Transformation of competent Bacillus subtilis lysogenic for SP02 with any of three plasmids (pCM194, pUB110, pAM77) generates drug-resistant transformants of which 5 to 20% have lost the infectivity and immunity associated with the SP02 prophage. Such cured derivatives can be again lysogenized with SP02 and again cured by introduction of a different plasmid. Elimination of the SP02 prophage was not detected when plasmids were introduced by PBS1 transduction or by transformation of protoplasts. Similarly, transformants of B. subtilis selected for chromosome markers retained the prophage. The phi 105 prophage was not eliminated from competent B. subtilis transformed with plasmids. PMID- 6792370 TI - Leakage induced in Escherichia coli cells by A protein-RNA complexes from bacteriophage f2. AB - Complexes of f2 phage RNA and its A protein, or maturation protein, transfect Escherichia coli cells much better than does protein-free RNA. We used these complexes to introduce the bacteriophage f2 lysis gene into cells. The A protein RNA complex was found to kill cells, probably by causing them to leak large macromolecules. Previously induced beta-galactosidase leaked from cells treated either with the A protein-RNA complex or with lethal but noninfectious complexes that had been treated with formaldehyde. This observation was consistent with an earlier finding that formaldehyde-treated f2 RNA stimulates the in vitro synthesis of a lysis protein. The complexes did not stimulate the rate of leakage of beta-galactosidase from a streptomycin-resistant mutant known to be lysis defective. On the other hand, the rate of leakage was increased in a double mutant resistant to both streptomycin and rifampin and which is lysed normally by f2 bacteriophage. PMID- 6792372 TI - Integrating the advances in the diagnosis and treatment of male potency disturbance. AB - A program of screening and diagnostic assessment is outlined for making decisions about the disposition of patients with potency disturbances. Initial screening of the psychological status and nocturnal penile tumescence provides a basis for deciding the need for full scale sleep studies, medical diagnostic studies, intensive psychological and psychiatric evaluation and so forth. By basing decisions on the use of expensive diagnostic procedures upon reliable but cost efficient assessment devices we believe that the patient's time and resources will be conserved without sacrificing good medical practice. Indeed, a "decision tree" method of evaluation and diagnosis probably will result in less inappropriate usage of psychological intervention and medical-surgical intervention among individuals complaining of an erectile dysfunction. PMID- 6792371 TI - Synthesis of deoxythymidylate and the unusual deoxynucleotide in mature DNA of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP10 occurs by postreplicational modification of 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridylate. AB - Mature DNA of Bacillus subtilis W23 phage SP10 contains a hypermodified nucleotide (YdTMP) that replaces ca. 20% of the DTMP. SP10 DNA was pulse-labeled for 1 min at 20 degrees C with 32Pi. Among the oxopyrimidine nucleotides, virtually all of the radioactivity was recovered as 5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridylate (HMdUMP). During the subsequent chase, radioactivity was lost from HMdUMP and recovered as YdTMP. At 37 degrees C, exogenous [6-3H]5-hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine (HMdUrd) was incorporated into SP10 DNA. Label administered as HMdUrd was phosphorylated to HMdUTP in the infected cells, but all radioactivity was recovered from SP10 DNA as YdTMP and dTMP. Two heat-sensitive mutants defective in hypermodification of SP10 DNA are described. In one mutant, HMdUMP replaces YdTMP in DNA. The other mutant generates a DNA containing a novel deoxynucleotide in place of YdTMP. The novel deoxynucleotide seems to consist of PPi esterified to the 5-hydroxymethyl function of HMdUMP (PP-HMdUMP). Both mutants make normal amounts of dTMP. The data are discussed in terms of the following conclusions. (i) Both oxopyrimidine nucleotides in mature SP10 DNA are derived by postreplicative modification of HMdUMP in nascent DNA. (ii) PP-HMdUMP is an intermediate that facilitate formation of a putative exocyclic methylene intermediate which receives the hypermodification. It is also argued that PP HMdUMP and the same exocyclic methylene intermediate could serve as intermediates in reductive modification to dTMP. (iii) YdTMP is not an intermediate in the formation of dTMP, and reductive modification proceeds independently of hypermodification. PMID- 6792373 TI - The ethics of in utero surgery. PMID- 6792376 TI - Lithium carbonate for recurrent fever and neutropenia. PMID- 6792374 TI - Nitrates, package inserts, and the Food and Drug Administration. A clinical paradox. PMID- 6792375 TI - Long-term use of diazepam. AB - Plasma concentrations of diazepam and its major active metabolite nordiazepam were measured in 108 neurosurgical patients taking diazepam in doses of 5 to 40 mg/day for periods from one month to 16 years. Diazepam was used for relief of pain or muscle spasm, or anxiety and sleeplessness associated with these two symptoms, and was considered to be beneficial by 83% of the patients, although use of other drugs confounded this evaluation. Concentrations of total diazepam nordiazepam ranged from 0 to 2,584 ng/mL, with nordiazepam being the predominant metabolite. "Low" concentrations (less than 250 ng/mL) were found in 35 of the 108 patients, with 19 having concentrations lower than 100 ng/mL. "High" concentrations (greater than 900 ng/mL) were found in 20 patients and did not occur more frequently than in other studies of long-term diazepam ingestion. Even with long-term use, diazepam seemed to retain its efficacy and did not lead to any clear-cut abuse. PMID- 6792377 TI - Enteral parenteral nutrition in the care of the cancer patient. PMID- 6792378 TI - Cost of primary care plans. PMID- 6792379 TI - Penicillin V for group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis. A randomized trial of seven vs ten days' therapy. AB - The effect of duration of orally administered penicillin V potassium on the bacteriologic and clinical cure of group A streptococcal pharyngitis was evaluated. One hundred ninety-one middle-class patients received either seven days (96 patients) or ten days (95 patients) of therapy. Compliance with taking penicillin was assessed by multiple methods, including penicillinuria. Throat cultures were obtained during therapy and three times in the three weeks after therapy. M-precipitin and T-agglutinin typing were done on paired isolates of group A streptococci from patients who had recurrences. Patients treated for seven days had a significantly greater failure rate (30/96 [31%]) compared with patients receiving ten days of penicillin (17/95 [18%]). Compliance rates were high; 66% to 81% of patients showed penicillinuria throughout the study period. Treatment failure was not a function of poor compliance in either treatment group. The data support the current recommendation for ten full days of penicillin therapy and suggest that persistence of streptococci in the throat after adequate therapy may be common. PMID- 6792380 TI - Treatment of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: reflections on glue and other things. PMID- 6792381 TI - Vitamin status during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E, serum and erythrocyte folic acid, serum B12 and erythrocyte enzyme activations (to assess vitamins B1, B2 and B6 status) were measured at the start and finish of 39 courses of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The daily regimen was standard. Plasma vitamin A, E, and folate concentrations and vitamin B6 status improved significantly during TPN. Three patients developed low levels of vitamin A and two patients developed high transketolase activations (B1 depletion) during therapy. The adequacy of vitamin replacement and the monitoring of vitamin status during TPN is discussed. PMID- 6792382 TI - Net protein utilization during total parenteral nutrition of injured critically ill patients: an original approach. AB - Traumatized critically ill patients with either a moderate or severe catabolic response were studied. Patients were randomly allocated to receive an intravenous solution which was either protein-free or contained protein and hypertonic glucose. The overall energy intake in both groups was equivalent to each patient's daily requirement. In both the moderately catabolic and severely catabolic patients the urinary nitrogen loss with the protein-free solution was negatively correlated to the energy intake/energy need ratio (p less than 0.01, moderate catabolism; p less than 0.001, severe catabolism). The ratio of energy intake/energy need was correlated with the nitrogen loss. From the resultant straight line, the obligatory nitrogen loss was determined for those patients receiving the protein containing solution (test diet). The net protein utilization was subsequently calculated using this value of the obligatory nitrogen loss. The net protein utilization was inversely correlated with the severity of trauma. It was significantly (p less than 0.005) greater in the patients with a moderate catabolic response. In the acute postinjury phase, the net protein utilization of infused amino acids was similar to that for protein fed orally to normal healthy subjects. PMID- 6792384 TI - Diarrhea associated with intralipid infusion. PMID- 6792383 TI - Metabolic abnormalities in patients supported with enteral tube feeding. AB - One hundred patients supported with enteral tube feeding were evaluated for biochemical abnormalities. The following metabolic complications were observed: hyperglycemia (29%), hypoglycermia (2%) hypernatremia (10%), hyponatremia (31%), hyperkalemia (40%) hypokalemia (8%), hyperphosphatemia (14%) hypophosphatemia (30%) hypomagnesemia (3%), hypozincemia (11%), and hypocupremia (3%). Because of the extensive range of biochemical problems, it is recommended that subjects on tube feeding be evaluated periodically for metabolic abnormalities. PMID- 6792385 TI - New technique for placement of long-term venous catheters. PMID- 6792386 TI - The use of a computer in parenteral alimentation of low birth weight infants. AB - A computer program which aids in the formulation and preparation of parenteral nutrition fluids for low birth weight infants is described. The program performs a number of calculations for fluid and specific nutrient requirements taking into account environmental conditions, potential renal solute load, deficits, and surpluses. Safety and precipiation checks are also included in the calculations. Its use has considerably reduced the workload on both physician and pharmacy personnel involved in the formulation and preparation of individualized parenteral nutrition solutions for low birth weight infants. A controlled study in 15 very low birth weight infants utilizing this program revealed a reduced incidence of hyperglycemia, decrease in fluctuations in serum sodium, a more physiologic urine osmolality, and a reduction of weight loss in the first days of life. PMID- 6792387 TI - Vitamin A deficiency. PMID- 6792388 TI - Endoscopy of the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 6792389 TI - Antifungal activity of SN 105-843 gel in vivo. PMID- 6792390 TI - Vascular access to haemodialysis: a study of 38 patients. PMID- 6792391 TI - Early maturity onset diabetes mellitus presenting as episodes of hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6792392 TI - Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6792393 TI - Recent advances in surgical diathermy. PMID- 6792394 TI - Study of blood pressure pattern and screening for glycosuria in urban and rural population--a pilot study. PMID- 6792395 TI - Effect of antidysrhythmic and analgesic drugs on haemodynamics and fibrillatory threshold. PMID- 6792396 TI - Medical knowledge and attitude of patients--a survey. PMID- 6792397 TI - A case of renal transplantation. PMID- 6792398 TI - Blastic crisis and myelofibrosis, simultaneous complications in a case of chronic myelocytic leukemia. PMID- 6792399 TI - Ajmaline in the management of cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6792400 TI - [Evaluation of the risk due to medical irradiation]. PMID- 6792401 TI - [Study of the radiotherapy for superior vena cava syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792402 TI - Urinary sialyloligosaccharides in adult type sialidosis: occurrence of two positional isomers. AB - Two positional isomers of sialyloligosaccharides were isolated from the urine of a patient with adult type sialidosis with partial deficiency of beta galactosidase. From structural studies including sugar analysis, enzyme degradation and methylation analysis, the following structures are deduced; 1. alpha-AcNeu-(2 leads to 3)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2) alpha-Man-(1 leads to 3)-beta-Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc 2. alpha-AcNeu-(2 leads to 3)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-Man-(1 leads to 6) beta-Man-(1 leads to 4)-GlcNAc The sialyloligosaccharide 1 has previously been reported to be present in liver and urine of patients with mucolipidosis I, II and variant forms. The sialyloligosaccharide 2 was first demonstrated in human urine. PMID- 6792403 TI - [Studies on biosynthesis of gastric glycoprotein in the rat gastric mucosal damage. I. Studies on assay method for UDP-galactosyl transferase (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792404 TI - [Studies on biosynthesis of gastric glycoprotein in the rat gastric mucosal damage. II. Studies on UDP-galactosyl transferase activity in the rat gastric mucosal damage by phenylbutazone (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792405 TI - [An outbreak of postoperative acute hepatitis due to non-A, non-B hepatitis virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792406 TI - [Clinical application of scintillation camera to the whole body counter - iron absorption test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792407 TI - Transvascular osmotic flow reflected by changes in plasma oncotic pressure of anesthetized dog. AB - To assess overall bodily transvascular fluid flow due to osmotic imbalance between blood and interstitial fluid during or after addition of hypertonic saline, sugar-, albumin- and dextran solutions or CO2 mixture to blood, arterial blood colloid osmotic pressure (COP) of anesthetized dogs was continuously measured with a needle-type colloid osmometer. Plasma volume change (delta Vp) was estimated from the changes in either the equivalent albumin concentration (C) or the albumin concentration equivalent to plasma COP, which was well confirmed in inanimate model experiments. Carbon dioxide inhalation caused RBC swelling (1.5% volume increase/10 mmHg of PCO2). Intravenous injection of hypertonic solutions resulted in transient osmotic flow (8.5 +/- 2.2 ml/g of solute per kg of animal weight by NaCl, and 1.7 +/- 0.4 by glucose), and albumin and dextran also induced fluid flow (1.3 +/- 0.4 by albumin and 2.2 +/- 0.7 by dextran), which depended on van't Hoff's law and reflection coefficient of solutes. PMID- 6792408 TI - Effect of acid-base status in vivo on bicarbonate transport by rabbit renal tubules in vitro. AB - In previous studies, when rabbit cortical collecting ducts were studied under standard conditions in vitro, bicarbonate transport was conditioned by the acid base status in vivo of the animals from which the tubules were obtained. The collecting ducts absorbed bicarbonate if the animals were acidotic (from ammonium chloride administration), but they secreted bicarbonate if the animals were alkalotic (from sodium bicarbonate administration). The purpose of the present studies was to test whether similar conditioning occurs in other nephron segments. In proximal straight tubules neither the sodium-dependent nor the sodium-independent component of bicarbonate absorption was significantly affected by the acid-base status of the animals from which the tubules were obtained. .In cortical thick ascending limbs, chloride was absorbed, but there was no net transport of bicarbonate by tubules whether they came from acidotic or alkalotic animals. Since cortical thick ascending limbs were not found to transport bicarbonate, they cannot be implicated in the control of bicarbonate excretion. We conclude that the previously observed conditioning of bicarbonate transport occurs in collecting ducts but not in proximal straight tubules or in cortical thick ascending limbs in the same experimental situation. PMID- 6792409 TI - Comparative efficacy of antitumor treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancer. AB - A retrospective study of 37 colorectal cancer patients with synchronous liver metastases was made. Of these patents, 6 who had undergone primary tumor removal were treated with considerable success by hepatic arterial infusion of 5-FU and mitomycin C. Ten patients who underwent primary tumor excision were treated by oral chemotherapy using fluorinated pyrimidines. These patients survived about 23 months. On the other hand, 12 patients after primary tumor removal without cancer chemotherapy survived for about 10 months. Six patients without antitumor treatment for both primary tumor and hepatic metastasis survived about 5.2 months. The overall results of this study suggest that intrahepatic arterial infusion is of practical importance for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer and that oral chemotherapy is indeed effective for selected patients. PMID- 6792410 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight neonates with complicated surgical disorders; effects and difficulties. AB - Twenty low-birth-weight, surgical neonates were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN). They were divided into two groups according to birth-weights. Group A consisted of 8 patients weighing less than 2,000 gm, and group B consisted of 12 patients weight between 2,000 and 2,500 gm. The infusate of TPN consisted of 15% glucose and 3% amino acids solution, and 10% fat emulsion. The dosage administered was usually 120 ml/kg/day in the amino acid glucose solution and 15 ml/kg/day in the fat emulsion, but varied depending on the clinical condition of the patients. The duration of parenteral nutrition was from 3 to 76 days with an average of 34.3 days. Four patients in group A survived. Three of the four who died had already been in severe septicemia due to the original disease before the initiation of parenteral nutrition. Ten in group B survived. The intake of 500 mg/kg/day of nitrogen as crystalline amino acids and calories of more than 80 Cal./dg/day produced a gain of body weight and a positive nitrogen balance. However, the weight gain in the patients in group A lagged behind. Furthermore, severe hepatic dysfunction was induced in four in group A. We conclude that TPN will improve the general condition, weight gain and positive nitrogen balance, even in low-birth-weight neonates with complicated surgical disorders. PMID- 6792411 TI - Esophageal carcinoma associated with neurofibromatosis-a case report. PMID- 6792412 TI - [Familial factors in arterial blood gases and respiratory chemosensitivity comparisons between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and silicosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792413 TI - Expression of Forssman antigen synthesis and degradation in human lung cancer. AB - The activities of the two enzymes (UDP-acetylgalactosamine-globoside alpha-N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase) involved in the synthesis and degradation of Forssman antigen were studied in uninvolved and neoplastic human lungs. The Forssman synthetic enzyme activities of 17 of 18 squamous cell carcinomas were higher than those of the uninvolved lung tissues of the subjects studied, and the degradation enzyme activities of 16 of 18 squamous cell carcinomas were higher than those of the uninvolved portions. No consistent abnormalities in both enzyme activities were seen in 28 adenocarcinomas, whereas the mean activities of the two enzymes were elevated in these neoplasms. These differences in enzyme activities between those samples may indicate that the synthesis and degradation of Forssman antigen in adenocarcinoma of the lung are expressed or repressed according to the individual, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma, these activities are expressed unrelated to the individual. PMID- 6792414 TI - Tyrosinase activity and isoenzyme distribution corresponding to growth and regression of melanoma in Sinclair miniature swine. AB - Malignant melanomas have been shown to contain high levels of monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase) enzyme activity; the enzyme is responsible for melanin synthesis. The melanoma of Sinclair miniature swine has a high incidence of spontaneous regression and thus provides a unique system for analyzing changes in tyrosinase activity at various tumor stages. Three tumor stages (progressively growing tumors, partially regressed tumors, and fully regressed tumors) were analyzed for tyrosinase activity. The progressing tumors were 34-fold higher than were the partially regressed lesions and 400-fold higher than were the fully regressed tumors. Histologically, the decrease in enzyme activity correlated with a loss of tumor cells. Sequential biopsies of tumors during the course of tumor development showed a positive correspondence between tumor volume and tyrosinase activity for the early and late stages of tumor growth and regression. Electrophoretic separation of tyrosinase preparations revealed three major tyrosinase "isoenzymes" whose relative abundance fluctuated during developmental increases and decreases in enzyme activity. PMID- 6792415 TI - Akabane disease and Akabane virus. PMID- 6792416 TI - [Use of intravenous feeding in the intensive care of children operated on for acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6792417 TI - [Microflora of the gastric and duodenal mucosa in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6792418 TI - [Acid-forming and enzyme-secretory functions of the stomach in peptic ulcer at remote periods after selective vagotomy]. PMID- 6792419 TI - [Local antibiotic therapy in the complex treatment of infiltrative form of staphylococcal pneumonia in children]. PMID- 6792420 TI - [Long-term therapy with timolol for three years (author's transl)]. AB - From an original group of 36 Patients (15 with relatively advanced chronic open angle glaucoma and 21 with ocular hypertension) 21 (seven glucoma and 14 ocular hypertension) were well controlled with Timolol alone or in combination with other pressure-lowering drugs after a three years' observation period. Dropouts occurred mainly in the first half of the treatment period. In most of these cases a glaucoma operation was necessary; more rarely, Timolol was discontinued due to intolerance. The overall success rate of 40% with Timolol alone (14 out of 36 patients) is lower than the 60% to 70% found in other long-term studies. If one considers only the results in the ocular hypertension group, the figure of 68% is more in line with the aforementioned results. In the light of similar studies it appears essential to take into account not only the total number of patients treated but also the degree of severity of the glaucoma. In severe glaucoma Timolol alone is seldom effective enough. PMID- 6792422 TI - [Use of an immunoenzyme method for the diagnosis of different forms of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6792421 TI - [The antioxidative chromane structure of alpha-tocopherol protects against the consequences of arachidonic acid release in the pulmonary vascular bed (author's transl)]. AB - In the model of isolated, ventilated and perfused rabbit lungs release of arachidonic acid results in an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability. The former can be ascribed to cyclooxygenase products, the latter to lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid. The effect of alpha-tocopherol on the increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability either after the addition of arachidonic acid to the perfusion fluid or after stimulation of arachidonic acid liberation by Ca-ionophore A 23187 was investigated. It is possible to distinguish a membrane effect of the phytol side chain of alpha tocopherol and an antioxidative effect of its chromane structure: Phytol augments the increase of pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability, whereas the chromane-structure decreases both to a large degree. The possibility of antioxidative therapy in disturbances of pulmonary vascular permeability is discussed. PMID- 6792423 TI - Effects of Syphacia muris and the anthelmintic fenbendazole on the microsomal monooxygenase system in mouse liver. AB - Mice given food containing fenbendazole to prevent a reinfection with Syphacia muris were treated with inducers of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system. Specific induction values and factors were the same as found previously in similar mice infected with Syphacia muris. There was a decrease in the total hepatic monooxygenase system by 20-40%, associated with a similar decrease in the total microsomal protein. As this was found in both experimental and control mice, the induction factors of the total values remained also unaltered. Thus infection by Syphacia muris not only retarded the growth of young mice but also accelerated the development of their hepatic monooxygenase system. PMID- 6792424 TI - Relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in the SJL/J mouse. AB - A single injection dose-response curve was done in the SJL/J mouse using varying amounts of syngeneic spinal cord homogenate and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RA in a Freund's type of adjuvant. Inoculation with as little as 0.025 mg. of cord homogenate induced severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in some mice. Possible reasons for the great ease of induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with this single injection regimen in comparison with other single injection schemes are discussed. No single injection dose combination was found that induced severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in all of a group of mice. When two injections 1 week apart were given, all mice so injected developed severe experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, all had relapses, and nine of 10 had multiple relapses. The number of relapses and severity of residual neurologic deficits were much greater in the two-injection group than in the single injection group. PMID- 6792425 TI - The retained elasticity of elastin under fixation agents. PMID- 6792426 TI - The use of chemical analyses of umbilical cord blood for the computation of instantaneous fetal growth. PMID- 6792427 TI - Changes in pH with age in Drosophila and the influence of buffers on longevity. AB - The pH of whole homogenates of Drosophila melanogaster declines from 7.44 during the first instar larval stage to 6.77 during the late pupal stage. In adult flies the pH declines from 6.92 to 6.70 with increasing age. Total carbonic anhydrase activity declines during the first 10 days of the adult stage. The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide failed to shorten life span. Low molecular weight buffers prolong the median life span when fed to flies in the pH range 7.0 8.3. The greatest prolongation occurs when the flies are given the buffers beginning at 2 weeks of age. 0.1 M HEPES (pH 7.5) increased life span by 22.9% and 0.01 M KHCO3 (pH 7.0) by 17.8%. PMID- 6792428 TI - An automatic oxygen consumption apparatus for small laboratory animals. PMID- 6792429 TI - [Pulmonary volume and cardiopulmonary function in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In order to evaluate alterations in lung mechanisms detected in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI), changes in arterial oxygenation and pulmonary volume in relation to the hemodynamic status were measured in 19 patients with acute MI. Pulmonary volume was determined with spirometry and helium dilution closed technic at 24 and 72 hours and two months after acute MI. The first finding was decreased arterial PO2: 328 +/- 29 mm/Hg (mean +/- SE) which had significantly risen by the third day: 423 +/- 20 mm/Hg (p less than 0.02). This disturbance was accompanied by an increased pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and VD/VT relation, which improved with time but did not return to normal. A manifest relationship was not found between the degree of hypoxemia and diminished functional residual capacity (FRC). During the acute phase lung volume was normal while patients were seated but upon assuming a supine position, vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC) and RV/TLC were altered considerably. The VC and RV/TLC alterations were significantly altered in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. No significant changes were found in pulmonary values during the acute phase and VC and TV/TLC had improved considerably two months later. It is probable that increased interstitial pulmonary edema bears the main responsibility for these alterations, including in uncomplicated acute MI. PMID- 6792430 TI - Anti-inflammatory agents as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in man. PMID- 6792431 TI - Oxygenation products of arachidonic acid as mediators of hypersensitivity and inflammation. PMID- 6792432 TI - Prostaglandins and host defense in cancer. PMID- 6792433 TI - Hemostasis, thrombosis, and thromboembolic disorders. The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in platelet-vessel wall interactions. PMID- 6792434 TI - [Juvenile xanthogranuloma]. AB - The nevoxanthoendothelioma is a condition observed almost exclusively in childhood. Its evolution is bening and has been associated with the group of the histiocytosis X, but the individuality of the affection is remarked in the present work. The clinical and histopatological features and differential diagnosis are established. PMID- 6792435 TI - [New method of isolating subcellular structures of the strain Penicillium chrysogenum PQ-66]. PMID- 6792436 TI - [Serological properties of micrococci. Agglutinogens and precipitinogens]. PMID- 6792437 TI - [Continuous registration of postoperative infection in a minor surgery clinic]. PMID- 6792438 TI - The argon and CO2 lasers in otolaryngology: which one, when and why? PMID- 6792439 TI - Lack of tolerance in heroin-addicts to the neuroendocrine effects of an enkephalin analogue. PMID- 6792440 TI - Phosgene: a possible role in the potentiation of carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity by 2-propanol. PMID- 6792443 TI - One way to promote nursing. PMID- 6792444 TI - Research design: experimental method. PMID- 6792441 TI - Tyrosine availability and dopamine synthesis in the striatum: studies with gamma butyrolactone. PMID- 6792445 TI - A child drowns: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6792442 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of ethanol on the formation of endoperoxide metabolites in rat platelets. AB - Preincubation of rat platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with ethanol resulted in dose dependent inhibition of the formation of endoperoxide metabolites (EPM) when the PRP was aggregated by collagen suspension. The inhibition was manifested at concentrations normally attainable in blood of rats or humans by tolerable amounts of ethanol ingestion. Paradoxically, chronic ingestion of ethanol caused enhanced synthesis of EPM in platelets, indicating that the inhibitory effect of ethanol would be temporary, and that it can be reversed as soon as ethanol is eliminated. The level of arachidonic acid in platelet phospholipids of rats fed the ethanol diet was not different from that of the control, indicating that availability of immediate precursor acid would not be a factor for the enhanced synthesis of EPM in the ethanol group. This result suggested that platelets from rats subjected to chronic ethanol ingestion become hyperactive in synthesizing EPM through an unknown mechanism. When citrated whole blood was incubated in the presence of collagen suspension, amounts of EPM synthesized in the ethanol group were not different from those of the control group, but this was due to significant reduction of platelet counts in the ethanol group. Whether the effect of ethanol on other tissues would be similar to that on platelets is unknown. It is tempting to speculate that some of the pathological changes resulting from alcoholism might be mediated through the effect of ethanol on EPM formation. PMID- 6792446 TI - Childbirth education: childbirth educators: are they helpful? PMID- 6792447 TI - Role playing in childbirth education classes. PMID- 6792448 TI - An improved technique for securing nasoendotracheal tubes. PMID- 6792449 TI - The nurse and maternal tasks of early postpartum. PMID- 6792450 TI - Common dermatologic conditions in children. PMID- 6792451 TI - MCN Pharmacopoeia. Magnesium sulfate: eclampsia. Management; effects on neonates. PMID- 6792452 TI - Jejunal diverticulosis complicated by inflammation and perforation of a diverticulum-report of a case. PMID- 6792453 TI - [Feeding device for patients with injuries and diseases of the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 6792454 TI - Exercise after sleep deprivation. AB - The influence of acute sleep loss on subsequent exercise remains poorly defined. To investigate this question, six subjects performed cycle ergometer exercise daily in a 3-d series that included 30 h without sleep before day 2, and then unlimited sleep before day 3. Each day 8 min of exercise was performed at each of three constant external work loads that required approximately 25%, 50%, and 75% of the VO2max. On days 2 and 3 after sleep loss, exercise at all work loads resulted in unchanged O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 production (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), ventilation (VE), heart rate, and arterial blood perssure, when compared with the equivalent day in a control series. Despite these unchanged physiological variables, ratings of preceived exertion were increased significantly during moderate and heavy exercise on day 2 (P less than 0.05), but returned to control levels on day 3. In further experiments on six additional subjects, sleep loss failed to alter VO2max, while it significantly reduced peak exercise heart rate (P less than 0.05). These results suggest that acute sleep deprivation primarily alters the psychological responses to moderate and heavy exercise. PMID- 6792455 TI - [Yellow fever in Senegal from 1976 to 1980 (author's transl)]. AB - The isolation of a YF strain in Kedougou (eastern region) in December 1976 from Aedes gr. furcifer taylori lead to a mass vaccination campaign in Senegal. In 1977, 67 strains were isolated from different mosquitoes (essentially A. luteocephalus and A. gr. furcifer taylori). Among these strains, 3 were isolated from males and this very important phenomenon might explain the virus conservation during the dry season. In 1978, 55 strains were isolated from mosquitoes of the same species, but not from males, and five from monkeys (E. patas and C. aethiops). But no increase of morbidity or mortality was observed in humans. In December 1978, a YF outbreak occurred in the Gambia with 271 suspect cases and 63 deaths; 2 strains were isolated from A. aegypti. In 1979, the epidemic seemed to have disappeared. Up to now, one single strain has been isolated from mosquitoes. But danger remains, and 3 YF human cases with 2 deaths were observed in Sine-Saloum, among French unvaccinated tourists. PMID- 6792456 TI - [Which method of determining hemoglobin A1 is suitable for long-term control of diabetes: microcolumn chromatography or a colorimetric method?]. PMID- 6792457 TI - [Should long-term therapy with antibiotic substances be instituted in chronic emphysema bronchitis and cor pulmonale?]. PMID- 6792458 TI - [Evaluation of a specific antigenic fraction of Trypanosoma cruzi]. PMID- 6792459 TI - [Did Darwin suffer from Chagas' disease?]. PMID- 6792460 TI - [Effect of levamisole on tuberculin conversion in malnourished children]. PMID- 6792462 TI - Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase from avian, mammalian, and microbial sources. PMID- 6792461 TI - Effect of di-N-propylacetic acid (valproic acid) on the TSH response to TRH--a presumptive role for gamma aminobutyric acid. AB - The effect of di-n-propylacetic acid (valproic acid), an inhibitor of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase, was studied with reference to its effect on the serum concentration of thyroid hormones, baseline serum TSH concentration and TRH stimulated TSH release, in seven normal controls and six patients with primary hypothyroidism. All volunteers took 250 mg of valproic acid administered orally, four times daily for 3 days. Baseline serum T4 and TSH concentrations were unaffected by valproic acid administration (p less than 0.05) while serum T3 concentrations fell in all volunteers (p less than 0.001). Serum T3 concentration (mean +/- SD) fell from 116.3 +/- 18 ng/dl to 101.7 +/- 15 ng/dl in the control group and from 94.2 +/- 47.9 ng/dl to 81.5 +/- 43.2 ng/dl in the hypothyroid group. Valproic acid produced a decline in stimulated serum TSH concentrations (delta TSH--maximum increment above baseline) in all controls and patients studied (p less than 0.01). delta TSH (mean +/- SD) declined from 16.1 +/- 4.7 microunits/ml to 10.5 +/- 5.8 microunits/ml in the control subjects and from 43.1 +/- 25.4 microunits/ml to 29.7 +/- 18 microunits/ml in the hypothyroid patients. Based on the data presented, it is postulated that GABA plays an inhibitory role either by acting directly on the pituitary gland inhibiting TSH release, or by inducing the secretion of a hypothalamic TSH-inhibitory factor. The data do not exclude a direct pharmacological effect of valproic acid on pituitary TSH release. Decrease in serum T3 following valproic acid may be due to peripheral mechanisms. PMID- 6792463 TI - Enzymatic reduction of fatty acids and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. PMID- 6792464 TI - Lipoxygenase from rabbit reticulocytes. PMID- 6792465 TI - UDPgalactose: ceramide galactosyltransferase from rat brain. PMID- 6792466 TI - Separation of base exchange enzymes from brain with special reference to l-serine exchange. PMID- 6792467 TI - Post-operative arterial hypoxemia--determination by calculation of venous admixture. PMID- 6792469 TI - [Specificity of the proteolytic enzymatic preparations from Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 6792468 TI - Protein synthesis in the isolated forespores from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Developing forespores were isolated from Bacillus subtilis at different stages of sporulation and protein synthesis in the forespore compartment was examined. Pulse-labeling experiments indicated that [14C]phenylalanine was continuously incorporated into the sporangium throughout sporulation, and at t5 (early stage V of sporulation) 58% of the radioactivity was located in the forespore compartment. Significantly high incorporation of [14C]phenylalanine was observed when the isolated forespores at t5 were incubated with the corresponding mother cell cytoplasmic fraction or an amino acid mixture. About 73% of the radioactivity incorporated into the isolated forespore at t5 was found in the cytoplasmic fraction and 26% in the membranous fraction. Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis showed that the 14C-labeled cytoplasmic protein had a molecular weight of about 20,000, and that a protein having the same molecular weight was present in the t5 forespore as a slight protein band and also in the mature spore as a clear protein band. Gel electrophoresis also revealed that the 14C-labeled membranous-soluble protein (prepared by solubilization with detergents) had broad peaks with molecular weights of about 74,000, 33,000, 20,000, and 12,000. PMID- 6792470 TI - [Effect of penicillin on the formation of gonococcal L forms]. PMID- 6792471 TI - [Exogenous DNAse initiation of DNA replication in Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 6792472 TI - [Effect of polyene antibiotics on bacterial protoplasts]. AB - The carbonyl-conjugated pentaenes flavofungin, nigrofungin and flavopentin exhibit considerable lytic activity toward Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Bacillus megaterium protoplasts. The antibiotics at concentrations of 5 to 14 microgram/ml cause lysis of 50% of the protoplasts within 15 min of their incubation. The antibiotics inhibit the activity of NADH oxidase and malate oxidase by 50% in the lysates of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Bacillus megaterium protoplasts at concentrations of 30 to 50 microgram/ml; preincubation of the lysates with the antibiotics intensify the inhibiting action of the polyenes. Growth of the bacteria is inhibited when the minimal concentration of the polyenes is 75 to 100 microgram/ml. Interaction of the polyenes with bacterial membranes lacking sterols indicates that resistance of at least some bacteria to polyenes is caused by impermeability of the cell wall for these substances rather than by the absence of sterols in the membranes. PMID- 6792473 TI - Is dihydrotestosterone a cause of follicular atresia? AB - Dihydrotestosterone, a non-aromatizable androgen has been hypothesized to arrest follicular growth. The concentration of androgens in the prepubertal, adult and pregnant mammals leads one to presume that high levels of estrogens cause follicular growth and ovulation while increase in DHT results in follicular atresia. However, DHT probably has no definitive role to play during lactation and menopause. In polycystic ovarian syndrome, inhibition of normal follicular growth may be due to increased DHT secretion. PMID- 6792474 TI - Noninvasive transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring. AB - A new method for continuously and noninvasively monitoring carbon dioxide pressure in the skin tissue using an unheated transcutaneous carbon dioxide sensor is presented. The design, calibration, and principle of operation of the sensor are discussed. The transcutaneous PCO2 sensor was tested in vitro for response time, drift, linearity, and interfering anesthetic gases, all of which showed that the sensor is accurate, reliable, and immune to anesthetic gases. Clinical results using the unheated transcutaneous PCO2 sensor with neonatal patients are presented, verifying the clinical usefulness of the device for noninvasively monitoring trends in arterial PCO2. PMID- 6792475 TI - A new "high purity" factor VIII concentrate for clinical use in haemophilia. PMID- 6792476 TI - Home treatment of haemophilia. A follow-up study. AB - Twenty-four children and adolescents who have been receiving home treatment for haemophilia A and B, and were followed up for a median period of five years, have been assessed for physical activity, social adjustment, range of joint movement and infection with hepatitis viruses. They were treated with cryoprecipitate from 1972 to 1977, and since then with factor-VIII concentrates. The average dose of factor VIII was 20 units/kg body mass. It was found that there was near normal range of physical activity and school performance, and, in virtually all families, near normal family function could be preserved. Approximately one-third of the patients showed impairment of the normal range of joint movement in flexion and extension. Although there was no clinical evidence of liver disease, elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were found in 14 patients. Evidence of past, or present, infection with hepatitis B was found in 19 patients, and of infection with hepatitis A in seven patients. Home treatment is associated with a reduced level of disability from haemophilia, but transfusion therapy continues to be associated with a high rate of liver function abnormalities, probably of infectious origin. PMID- 6792477 TI - Chromosome studies of patients on long-term lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders. AB - Chromosome studies, including sister chromatid exchange techniques, were performed on blood samples from 23 patients receiving long-term, continuous lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders. Nineteen healthy, age-matched individuals were used as controls. No increase in chromosome damage was detected, when samples from the lithium group were compared with the control group samples. PMID- 6792478 TI - Nitroglycerin ointment for angina pectoris. PMID- 6792480 TI - Follow-up on Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia. PMID- 6792479 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional state of patients with maxillo-facial pathology]. AB - We have studied 19 patients with maxillo-facial trauma from the nutritional point at view. We observed that subjects with serious multiple fractures need a high caloric intake (a positive nitrogen balance is achieved by 100% of patients only when their intake is greater than or equal to 46 cal./kg/day) while patients with less serious fractures need lower caloric intake. The A. underline the importance of nutritional therapy in the patients with "intramaxillar fixation" both for the practical and psychological problems connected with their feeding and for the relationship between nutritional conditions and "metabolic response". PMID- 6792481 TI - Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 6792482 TI - Measles--U.S. Counties, first 26 weeks, 1981. PMID- 6792483 TI - Immune globulins for protection against viral hepatitis. PMID- 6792485 TI - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning--United States. PMID- 6792484 TI - Follow-up on toxic pneumonia--Spain. PMID- 6792486 TI - Syphilis trends in the United States. PMID- 6792487 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--Latin America. PMID- 6792488 TI - Vaccinia outbreak--Newfoundland. PMID- 6792489 TI - Measles importations--United States. PMID- 6792490 TI - Shigellosis--United States, 1980. PMID- 6792491 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--Key West, Florida. PMID- 6792492 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--Florida. PMID- 6792493 TI - [Dermatitis of the scalp associated with the installation of ceramic wool fiber (Kao-wool) insulation in a nuclear power station--Ohio]. PMID- 6792494 TI - Salmonellosis from homemade ice cream--Georgia. PMID- 6792495 TI - Human-to-human transmission of rabies via corneal transplant--Thailand. PMID- 6792496 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 33-36, 1981. PMID- 6792497 TI - Loa loa among American naturalists. PMID- 6792498 TI - Tuberculin skin-test conversions among Indochinese refugees--Monroe County, New York. PMID- 6792499 TI - U.S. and Canadian cooperative agreement on health risk appraisal. PMID- 6792500 TI - New immunodiagnostic methods. AB - A quiet revolution in the field of immunodiagnosis is underway. Its objective is to provide simple and accurate methods for making a laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases, endocrinopathies, and immunodeficiencies. Monoclonal antibody technology will provide unlimited quantities of antisera with defined and stable antigenic specificity. These antibodies will be incorporated into new serologic methods, namely enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agglutination tests. Unlike traditional methods, these new procedures are easily adaptable to kit form and consequently will likely become available for routine use in clinical situations in the near future. PMID- 6792501 TI - Independent control of selected insulin-sensitive cell membrane and intracellular functions - the linkage of cell membrane and intracellular events controlled by insulin. L. The influence of pH on insulin binding, membrane hexose transport and glycogen synthase activation. PMID- 6792502 TI - Independent control of selected insulin-sensitive cell membrane and intracellular functions - the linkage of cell membrane and intracellular events controlled by insulin. II. The influence of glutathione and N-ethyl maleimide on insulin binding, membrane hexose transport and glycogen synthase activation. PMID- 6792505 TI - Neonatal liver disease. PMID- 6792504 TI - [Palindromic and repetitive sequences in initiation sites of DNA replication in Tetrahymena]. AB - DNA replication was induced in Tetrahymena pyriformis cells at the stationary phase of culture growth by a series of heat shocks. The selective nature of this DNA synthesis was established. DNA was uniformly labelled with [3H]thymidine during the exponential phase of culture growth and with [14C]thymidine during the stationary phase. The renaturation kinetics of DNA samples was investigated by measuring the relations of 14C/3H radioactivity in the renatured and denatured DNA fractions after their separation on hydroxyapatite. The results were analysed by means of a computer program based on the experimentally found renaturation curve of T. pyriformis macronuclear DNA. Under conditions described palindromic and repetitive (which are repeated about 1000 times) nucleotide sequences are intensively replicated. It is assumed that synchronous activation of replicons occurs as a consequence of induction. It may well be that replication starts in the central parts of comparatively long palindromes, which are identical or very similar in their nucleotide sequences. PMID- 6792503 TI - Independent control of selected insulin-sensitive cell membrane and intracellular functions-the linkage of cell membrane and intracellular events controlled by insulin. III. The influence of trypsin on cell membrane hexose transport and on glycogen synthase and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase activation. AB - Brief treatment of rat adipocytes with low concentration of trypsin activated both cell membrane and intracellular insulin-sensitive functions in marked contrast H2O2 (1), increase in pH, and oxidized glutathione (papers I and II). Glucose oxidation was activated maximally by trypsin in 30 s and preceded maximal activation of glycogen synthase, which occurred in 60s. Trypsin action to activate glycogen synthase was further enhanced by insulin. Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase was also rapidly activated by trypsin. With both insulin and trypsin action, mediator generation was directly demonstrated by glycogen synthase phosphoprotein phosphatase activation. Trypsin is thus the most insulin like of these four agents studied since it acts by the formation of chemical mediator peptide(s) which are similar but not identical to those produced by insulin. PMID- 6792506 TI - Iatrogenic disease in the perinatal period as seen by the pathologist. PMID- 6792507 TI - [Abdominal cramps in lead poisoning]. PMID- 6792508 TI - [Forum on hypertension. Part 4. Combination therapy of hypertension]. PMID- 6792509 TI - [What can be done about male infertility? Andrological cooperation in childless marriages]. PMID- 6792510 TI - [Clinical examination and endocrinologic diagnosis of male infertility (author's transl)]. AB - The importance of history and the findings of clinical examination is often underestimated in examination for male fertility. From the data so obtained arises the indication for examining the exocrine (spermiogram) and endocrine function of the hypothalamo-hypophysealgonad axis (testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin, GRH and HCG stimulation tests). The numerous causes of fertility impairment outside the endocrinological field (internal medical and urological diseases, consumption behavior, psychic disturbances, medicines etc) are referred to. The couple seeking help are spared unnecessary deviations through good cooperation between the gynecologist and andrologically oriented disciplines. PMID- 6792511 TI - [Insemination techniques and ethical problems (author's transl)]. AB - Both homologous and heterologous insemination are being used increasingly in the treatment of sterility. The indication for such a procedure and also the question of the use of cryosperma is discussed and the question of preparation of the sperm and the additives to improve sperm motility. The ethical and legal problems of heterologous insemination are dealt with specifically. PMID- 6792512 TI - [Gonadotrophin therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Strict selection of patients is of paramount importance with a view to obtaining optimum results in the treatment of infertile men with gonadotrophins (HMG/HCG). The use of algorithmic tables permits the exclusion of cases of primary orchiopathy, or of genetic or other causes of infertility independent of the endocrine system. Within the scope of a retrospective study this paper gives an account of the results obtained with gonadotrophin therapy in 25 men presenting severe oligozoospermia. The patients had been selected according to the above mentioned algorithmic schedule, and their serum levels of FSH, LH and testosterone were determined before and after GNRH stimulation. The present study establishes criteria for the selection of such patients as can be treated successfully with gonadotrophin. PMID- 6792513 TI - [Testicular biopsy for diagnosis of fertility disorders (author's transl)]. AB - The wide range of clinical possibilities of diagnosis of male fertility disorders (spermiogram, hormone determination, etc) raises the question whether there is any indication at all for testicular biopsy. For this reason, in the present survey, after presentation of the technical requirements and histological criteria of assessment, the most important pathomorphologically definable findings are described. By comparison of the results of studies of testicular biopsy and spermiogram the additional information obtained histologically is pointed out. it comprises diagnostic statements not only, but also suggestions on prognosis and therapy. PMID- 6792514 TI - [The diagnostic possibilities of the spermiogram]. PMID- 6792515 TI - [Motivation for sensible eating habits]. PMID- 6792516 TI - [Pancreas grafts. Nuclear medical perfusion to exclude vascular complications and rejection crises (author's transl)]. AB - Perfusion studies with 99m Tc-DTPA, which has hitherto been used routinely to investigate renal grafts, have also proved useful for monitoring the perfusion of pancreas grafts. A total perfusion failure is equally reliably demonstrable as in renal grafts. Quantitatively smaller perfusion alterations can be demonstrated by monitoring the course. It seems possible to differentiate the salivary edema of a rejection reaction, well known from animal experiments, with the help of other parameters (e. g. creatinine). Further clinical studies are however necessary to confirm these results. PMID- 6792517 TI - [Raynaud's phenomenon. A literature review of recent aspects (author's transl)]. AB - A large number of etiologies are hidden in the Raynaud Phenomenon, yet the clinical picture is quite uniform and shows particularly graded differences. Our knowledge of the underlying pathophysiological mechanism is incomplete. Neural, local, humoral and central nervous factors seem to play a role. A better understanding of these principles and their interplay is an essential condition for effective therapy. The present work attempts to summarize the results of recent research into the pathophysiology of the process and to relate them with modern forms of treatment which try to find a causal approach. PMID- 6792518 TI - [Behavior of extracorporeal kidneys during hypothermic perfusion in animal experiments. 1: Effect of warm ischemia time on the perfusion results]. PMID- 6792519 TI - [Behavior of extracorporeal kidneys during hypothermic perfusion in animal experiments. 2: Effect of roentgen contrast media on perfusion behavior]. PMID- 6792520 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Endemic sprue in the adult]. PMID- 6792521 TI - [Rheumatology forum. 5. Alternatives in rheumatism therapy]. PMID- 6792522 TI - [Dysmorphophobia. A new word for an old finding]. PMID- 6792523 TI - [Incidence and nature of thoracic pains in outpatients (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of different types of thoracic pain in outpatients at the Medical University Policlinic, Basel, was obtained for comparison from a random sample of the Swiss population. The data from the Rose questionnaire which was used were compared with the case histories. Of 515 patients, 233 admitted having thoracic pains. These complaints were the reason for consulting the doctor in 71 patients. Of all patients who admitted thoracic pains, 14% complained of typical ischemic pains and 60% of unspecific thoracic pains. Perusal of the case histories showed that the doctor was only able to distinguish between coronary heart disease, other organic causes and functional complaints after selective history taking and clinical examination in 89% angina pectoris and 74% unspecific thoracic pains. PMID- 6792524 TI - [Abandonment of smoking in the clinic. Attitude of patients in treatment]. PMID- 6792525 TI - [You can live without smoking. Strategy and evaluation of an anti-smoking campaign (author's transl)]. AB - On World Health Day 1980, of which the motto was "Smoking or Health - The choice is yours", the Austrian Ministry of Health initiated an anti-smoking campaign for protection of environment and health. The action, which is by far the most intensive ever held in Austria and internationally is also one of the most comprehensive campaigns in this sphere, is presented here. PMID- 6792526 TI - [Contralateral local anesthesia in the treatment of stump and phantom pain]. PMID- 6792527 TI - [Acute virus hepatitis and venereal infection (author's transl)]. AB - 100 patients with acute viral hepatitis were examined. In 10 of these the infection was found to be associated with homosexual activity and in 7 with promiscuity. Sexual intercourse was a likely cause of infection in 61% of all men aged from 20-40 years who had contracted hepatitis B by a non-parenteral route. Of these patients, 8 had acute syphilis and 2 had acute gonorrhea along with their hepatitis. The clinical course of the hepatitis was more severe in the group of syphilitic patients than in the controls. These observations indicate that simultaneous venereal disease influences the incidence and course of acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 6792528 TI - [The effects of atenolol on the exercise symptoms of coronary patients. A double blind study (author's transl)]. AB - In an acute trial on the bicycle ergometer, the beta-receptor blocker atenolol in single morning doses of 50 mg produced a significant reduction in blood pressure, heart rate and ischaemic changes in the ECG. Parallel to this there was an increase in the load resistance of the patients. The majority of the parameters show no further changes at double the dosage. In the chronic trial with treatment periods of four weeks each, the substance is distinctly superior to placebo with regard to the frequency of angina. PMID- 6792529 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - isolated splenomegaly]. PMID- 6792530 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 1. Sports as therapy]. PMID- 6792532 TI - [Sudden death from natural causes among children of preschool and school age (author's transl)]. AB - Sudden natural death the cause of which can only be found through obduction and further examinations, is an especially dramatic event between the ages of 3 and 18, probably the healthiest period of life. The number of such fatalities recorded in the Institute for legal Medicine, Wurzburg University, was 0.6% (38 cases). The three main causes of death were: first, respiratory diseases, second, pathological changes of the brain its vessels and meninges, third, heart disease. Physical stress may have contributed to the time of death in 7 of the 38 cases. PMID- 6792531 TI - [Abortion induced for eugenic reasons]. PMID- 6792533 TI - [Human genetics and infectious diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Infectious diseases, especially the worldwide epidemic diseases such as plague, smallpox, syphilis, tuberculosis have to a great extent selective effects. This is demonstrated inter alia in the different "selection values" in the ABO blood group system. Under present day civilized living conditions O carriers have a preservation advantage over blood group A. The deletion of the selection factor "infectious disease", which entails a decline of immunity, may nevertheless regain importance if environmental changes occur. PMID- 6792534 TI - [Choice of donor and the results of renal grafting (author's transl)]. AB - For the calculation of the donor influence on the results of renal grafting, all non-renal causes of transplant failure must be excluded. The following criteria for the selection of a suitable kidney donor were found: the urine production of the donor in the last hour before nephrectomy should amount to at least 200 ml and the age difference between donor and recipient should be not more than 20 years. Proteinuria, a high serum creatinine level, vascular anomalies and a long operation time for vascular anastomosis were unfavourable. The preservation time, the warm ischemia time and the sex of the donor have little effect. If no rejection crises occurred within the first 3 weeks after transplantation, the transplant survival rate increased from 45% to 71%. PMID- 6792535 TI - [Ambulant treatment of hypertension with cardiotensin (author's transl)]. AB - A fixed combination preparation consisting of a betablocker and diuretics was tested in 25 outpatients suffering from essential hypertension grades I and II (WHO). The raised blood pressures of the placebo phase fell highly significantly to normal values in th course of the 8 weeks' treatment. The ergometric load testing under standardized conditions showed a significant reduction of blood pressure increase, a significant rise in load capacity, and a decrease in the pressure rate product. Apart from the increase in serum acid in one case, no clinically relevant changes in the laboratory values were observed. Tolerance was good. The side effects mentioned by 10 patients were mild and did not influence the course of treatment. Patient compliance, measured twice in th course of the trial by means of urine fluorescence, was very high (95%). PMID- 6792536 TI - Review of the current status of the mei-9a test for chromosome loss in Drosophila melanogaster: an assay with radically improved detection capacity for chromosome lesions induced by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), dimethylnitrosamine (DMN), and especially diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and procarbazine. AB - A review of previous findings as well as new data are included in the present paper on recent investigations by Zimmering and co-workers regarding a radical improvement in the detection capacity of the conventional test for chromosome loss to assay for induced chromosome lesions/breakage. The improvement has been achieved through the use of mei-9a repair-deficient P1 females to which treated males are mated. 4 compounds have been tested including MMS, DMN, DEN and procarbazine. Not only has the mei-9a test yielded significantly higher frequencies of induced chromosome loss with MMS and DMN than the conventional test, preliminary data, in fact, providing evidence of a positive response in the mei-9a test at a concentration one order of magnitude below that producing no effect in the conventional test, but, more critically, it has permitted detection of highly significant increases in induced chromosome loss with DEN and procarbazine, compounds proving negative in the conventional tests for chromosome loss and heritable translocations at all concentrations employed including those producing substantial to high frequencies of recessive lethals. PMID- 6792537 TI - Genetical tests for the frequency of small deletions among ems-induced point mutations in Drosophila. AB - In order to estimate the proportion of small deletions among EMS-induced point mutations we scored visible mutations at 6 sex-linked loci either by a specific locus test, in which both deletions and intragenic changes survive, or in sons of attached-X females, in which deletions do not survive. About twice as many visibles were detected in the specific-locus as in the attached-X test, and between 50 and 90% of the former were lethal to males. From this we have concluded that at least 60% of EMS-induced point mutations are small deletions. The high ratio of lethal to viable visible mutations was in agreement with this conclusion. These results are compared with data from the literature, most of which report very low deletion frequencies among EMS-induced mutations. The alternative possibility, namely that EMS tends to produce clusters of linked mutations, has also been considered and finds some support in literature. Whatever the cause of the high frequency of lethals associated with specific visible mutations, our data suggest that genetic hazards from EMS may be considerable; this is indeed true for its effect of the viability of heterozygotes. PMID- 6792538 TI - The aerobic energy metabolism of the juvenile Fasciola hepatica. AB - Juvenile Fasciola hepatica were isolated immediately after in vitro emergence from the metacercarial cysts and incubated with uniformly labelled glucose. Under aerobic conditions, carbon dioxide was the main end product of glucose breakdown. In the absence of oxygen, glucose was fermented mainly to propionate and acetate in a molar ratio of 2 : 1, with lactate as a minor product. This anaerobic end product pattern closely resembles that of the adult liver fluke. In the presence of oxygen and 1 mM cyanide, lactate accumulated. The difference between anaerobic glucose breakdown and that in the presence of cyanide is explained by an inhibitory effect of cyanide on the malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) of the juvenile mitochondria. A substantial Pasteur effect is calculated from these incubations. The oxygen consumption of the juveniles was completely cyanide-sensitive. From these results it is concluded that in aerobic conditions the juvenile liver flukes have an aerobic energy metabolism. Since they can survive prolonged periods of anaerobiosis, they should be called facultative anaerobes. PMID- 6792539 TI - How much is too much? PMID- 6792541 TI - DRG creep. PMID- 6792542 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone improves neurologic recovery after spinal trauma in cats. AB - Naloxone treatment improves neurologic outcome after experimentally induced spinal trauma, but this opiate-receptor antagonist may increase post-traumatic pain. In contrast, thyrotropin-releasing hormone appears to act in vivo as a partial physiologic opiate antagonist that spares analgesic systems; this activity prompted us to evaluate its effect in spinal injury. Cervical-spine trauma was produced in anesthetized cats by the Allen method. Six animals each received thyrotropin-releasing hormone, saline, or dexamethasone as an intravenous infusion over four hours, beginning one hour after injury. Neurologic recovery was significantly better after treatment with thyrotropin-releasing hormone than after saline or dexamethasone (P less than 0.01): at six weeks, the average animal given thyrotropin-releasing hormone was normal, whereas average control animals had marked spasticity. The beneficial effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone in experimental spinal injury and its lack of effect on nociception indicate that it may have unique therapeutic potential in spinal trauma in human beings. PMID- 6792540 TI - Heterogeneity of human prekallikrein deficiency (Fletcher trait): evidence that five of 18 cases are positive for cross-reacting material. AB - We studied the plasma of 18 patients with a functional deficiency of plasma prekallikrein (Fletcher trait). Samples from 13 subjects contained less than 1 per cent of normal levels of prekallikrein antigen recognized by a specific antiserum (cross-reacting-material negative [CRM-]). In the five other subjects, however, nonfunctional material immunologically indistinguishable from normal prekallikrein was detected by radioimmunoassays at concentrations of 13 to 30 per cent (CRM+ variant). None of the plasma samples contained detectable circulating anticoagulants against prekallikrein. On immunodiffusion against antiserum to kallikrein, each of the five CRM+ samples formed a single precipitin line of complete identity with normal plasma or purified prekallikrein. On immunoelectrophoresis, the precipitin line had the same mobility as that for normal prekallikrein. These studies demonstrate the molecular heterogeneity of human prekallikrein deficiency and show that persons with the CRM+ variant have a nonfunctional form of prekallikrein in their plasma. PMID- 6792543 TI - Serological diagnosis of pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - Methods for the preparation of antigens from clinically isolated cultures of Aspergillus were standardized. Sera from 25 suspected cases of pulmonary aspergillosis were tested against antigens prepared by us, from 4 strains of A. fumigatus and one strain of A. flavus, using the Ouchterlony double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic techniques. Of the 25 sera, 18 reacted positively with antigens of A. fumigatus, one with A. flavus and 2 with both these species. Antigens of two non-pathogenic Aspergilli included in the study failed to react with any of the sera. Our antigen preparations gave more numerous as well as sharper precipitin lines than the commercial Bencard antigens which were used for comparison. Moreover, mycelial antigens from 48 to 96 h old cultures revealed precipitin lines comparable to that of the routine, 4 week old culture filtrate antigens, thus suggesting that the incubation period for obtaining antigens could be cut down considerably. PMID- 6792546 TI - Regulation of protein synthesis during heat shock. PMID- 6792544 TI - [Contamination of human fat from Rostock residents with DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls in 1979)]. AB - 70 fat samples collected from Rostock men and women, aged between 20 and 90 years, were analysed by gas chromatography for total DDT and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). It was found that the mean value for DDT and also that for PCB increased with the increase in age, the mean values for all the subjects being 4.0 +/- 0.5 mg/kg (PCB). There were no statistically significant differences among the residue values found in men and women. PMID- 6792545 TI - Cartilage proteoglycans inhibit fibronectin-mediated adhesion. PMID- 6792548 TI - [Self care with symptoms in the health field; sociological background]. PMID- 6792549 TI - Some antigenic similarity between nonhistone protein-DNA complexes from chromatin of the cells of Zajdela hepatoma and liver of rats subjected to a single 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene injection. AB - A comparative study of the antigenic properties of the nonhistone protein (NHP) DNA complexes, isolated from liver and kidney chromatin of intact rats and from Zajdela hepatoma cells, revealed in the latter the presence of an antigenic component characteristic of kidney chromatin but never occurring in the liver chromatin of intact rats. A similar antigenic component is found in rat liver 4- 7 days following a single injection of the hepatocarcinogen 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene and is not observed after an injection of the non carcinogenic analogue 4-diethylaminoazobenzene. It is noteworthy, that this chromatin alteration resulting from carcinogen treatment is temporary, since on the 11th day following such treatment the kidney antigen is no longer found. PMID- 6792547 TI - Effects of molsidomine, nitroglycerin, and isosorbide dinitrate on the coronary circulation, myocardial oxygen consumption, and haemodynamics in anaesthetized dogs. PMID- 6792550 TI - Dopa oxidase activity and ceruloplasmin in the sera of hamsters with melanoma. AB - Two simple spectrophotometric assays have been employed for the measurement of dopa oxidase activity and ceruloplasmin polyphenol oxidase activity in the sera from normal hamsters and hamsters bearing melanotic melanoma. Both activities were found to be augmented in tumor animals, the dopa oxidase activity much more prominently. The levels of the enzymes tested increased proportionally to the tumor mass. PMID- 6792553 TI - [Experimental study of new cerebral protective substances--functional recovery of severe, incomplete ischemic brain pretreated with mannitol and fluorocarbon emulsion-- (author's transl)]. AB - Using the "canine model of complete ischemic brain regulated with a perfusion method" in which it is possible to control the degree of blood flow to a cerebral hemisphere via a perfusion pump, the effects of mannitol (which acts as a free radical scavenger) and FC (which has 0.1 micrometer of average particle size and a high oxygen-carrying capacity) on cerebral ischemia were investigated. After pretreatment with the drugs, blood flow was reduced via the pump to 1/10 of the normal flow volume and 1 hr later, return to a normal flow was allowed. Subsequent changes in electrical activity were observed and the effects of the drugs evaluated. In the control group, no recovery of electrical activity was seen, but in the animals treated with either mannitol or FC, incomplete, yet distinct recovery was apparent. In the animals administered with mannitol together with FC, however, marked recovery was evident. These experimental results indicated that a combined administration of FC and mannitol is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6792552 TI - [Vertebro-basilar circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792551 TI - Effects of postdecapitative ischemia on arachidonate release from brain synaptosomes. AB - Synaptosomal phosphoglycerides were labeled after incubation with [1 14C]arachidonic acid, ATP, Mg2+, CoASH, and a small amount of 1 acylglycerophosphocholines. Under this incubation system, radioactivity was directed largely to diaclyglycerophosphocholines but diacylglycerophosphoinositols were also labeled to a lesser extent. Synaptosomes obtained after a 5-min ischemic treatment indicated a decrease (10-20%) in incorporation of radioactivity into the phospholipids. The ischemic synaptosomes also tended to retain a larger portion of the labeled arachidonate during the wash with bovine serum albumin. Upon incubation of the prelabeled synaptosomes in a sucrose-Tris (pH 7.4) medium at 37 degrees C, a time-dependent release of labeled arachidonate from the phospholipids was observed in both control and ischemic samples. Arachidonate release from the prelabeled synaptosomes was not affected by EDTA (1 mM) or taurocholate (0.4%) but was stimulated by Ca2+ (2.5 mM) or Ca2+ (3.5 mM) together with EDTA (1 mM). After incubation at 37 degrees C for 1 hr without added factors, the phospholipid degradation, as well as the appearance of free fatty acids, were higher in the ischemic samples (especially after 1 min of treatment) as compared to controls. PMID- 6792554 TI - Interaction between the hippocampus and posterior hypothalamus during the orienting reflex. PMID- 6792556 TI - The health opinion survey: predicting illness in military trainees. PMID- 6792555 TI - Policy formulation and technology assessment. PMID- 6792557 TI - Epidemiologic methodology for nurses. PMID- 6792558 TI - Wounds treated by the healing of delayed primary closure: a clinical study. PMID- 6792559 TI - Reenlistment and non-reenlistment in an Army Reserve Medical Unit. PMID- 6792560 TI - Physician recruiting for one Navy. PMID- 6792561 TI - Acute suppurative cholangitis. PMID- 6792562 TI - Emergency treatment of epidural hematoma: case report. PMID- 6792563 TI - Feasibility of N2O-O2 sedation in operational USAF dental clinics. PMID- 6792564 TI - Case for diagnosis. Peripheral odontogenic fibroma. PMID- 6792565 TI - Agoraphobia and its implications for the military: case reports. PMID- 6792566 TI - Counseling intervention in basic combat training. PMID- 6792567 TI - The role of conservative treatment in blunt ureteral trauma: case report. PMID- 6792569 TI - [Phallin syndrome. Reports on 28 cases]. AB - 28 cases of phallinic syndrome have been studied: 24 out of them were from amanita phalloides poisoning and 4 from amanita verna poisoning. After a lag phase lasting from 7 to 30 hours, symptomatology characterized by starting gastroenteric troubles as vomit, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, meteorism and pain following abdomen palpation. In one case the syndrome started with parasympathicomimetic crisis, probabily due to ingested amanita containing muscarinic type poison. Subsequent evolution of clinical picture included signs of hepatic and renal involvement. As far as laboratory diagnosis is concerned, high levels of serum aminotransferases were found and, less frequently, hyperbilirubinmia and high BUN levels occurred. In severe cases, in addition, lowered values for plasma prothrombine, fibrinogen and cholinesterase were found. Low therapeutic effect followed rehydration, equilibration of electrolytic unbalance and administration of thioctic acid, coagulants and so on. As a matter of fact 3 out or 28 patients, treated only with such therapy, died. On the contrary good therapeutic effect followed to peritoneal dialysis, in two cases coupled to exchange transfusion: 10 patients were treated in such a way and no one died but all of them quickly recovered. Forced diuresis also appeared greatly useful and practical in therapeutic treatment of phallinic syndrome: results compared favourably with those obtained by means of peritoneal dialysis. As a matter of fact 15 patients, 5 of them having ingested a great amount of amanita phalloides, were treated with forced diuresis and no one of them died. Finally, the need is stressed for a very quick therapeutic intervention (exchange transfusion; plasmapheresis; peritoneal dialysis; forced diuresis, and so on) in order to lower the plasma concentration of the toxins responsible for the phallinic syndrome. Only in such a way diffusion of toxins from blood to tissues is avoided. PMID- 6792570 TI - [Secondary hypergonadotropinemic amenorrheas]. PMID- 6792571 TI - Performance-based staff development: the cost-effective alternative. PMID- 6792572 TI - Nutritional and pharmacological factors in eicosanoid biology. PMID- 6792574 TI - Nutrition classics. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 90:207-10, 1964. The enzymic formation of prostaglandin E2 from arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins and related factors 32. Sune Bergstrom, Henry Danielsson and Bengt Samuelsson. PMID- 6792573 TI - Congenital deficiency of arachidonic acid cyclo-oxygenase. PMID- 6792575 TI - Leukocytosis during long-term lithium treatment. PMID- 6792576 TI - Right atrial catheters for long-term venous access. AB - Thirty-two Hickman central venous catheters were placed in patients suffering mainly from blood disorders. The catheters remained in situ for an average of 64 days. In 20 patients the catheters were removed either because they were no longer needed (14) or at death (6). In five patients they are still in position. Complications in seven patients led to the catheter being removed and these included four patients with catheter related sepsis. The use of these catheters allows safe long-term access to the venous circulation even in the neutropenic, immunosuppressed patient. PMID- 6792577 TI - Diagnosis-related groups: impact & implications. PMID- 6792578 TI - Effect of estrogens and progesterone on gonadotropin and prolactin release in a patient with androgen insensitivity. AB - Response of serum levels of gonadotropins and prolactin to doses of estrogen and progesterone was measured in a patient with the complete form of androgen insensitivity, ie, testicular feminization. Before gonadectomy a single 2.5-mg dose of estradiol benzoate (E2B) produced a decrease in gonadotropin levels. Gonadectomy resulted in a rise of serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) but had no effect on levels of prolactin. The following results were obtained after gonadectomy: During low-dosage therapy with ethinyl estradiol (EE) a single 2.5-mg dose of E2B produced a decrease in FSH and LH levels, no LH surge, and a small rise in prolactin levels. With a tenfold higher EE priming, the same dose of E2B provoked an LH surge; progesterone administration produced FSH, LH, and prolactin release. However, progesterone priming blocked the positive feedback of estradiol and enhanced its negative feedback. Pituitary sensitivity ot nonandrogenic steroids appears to be normal in cases of testicular feminization. Under this condition, after gonadectomy, the dynamics of gonadotropins and prolactin in response to estrogens or progesterone administration are similar to those in normal women and suggest that aromatization products of testosterone do not produce any irreversible effects on neuroendocrine differentiation of androgen-insensitive patients PMID- 6792579 TI - Observations on the transmission of Theileria mutans in South Africa. AB - Four isolates of Theileria mutans obtained from geographically distant parts of South Africa by subinoculation of infected blood were found to be readily transmitted by the bont tick Amblyomma hebraeum. All attempts to transmit these isolates with Rhipicephalus appendiculatus were unsuccessful. Possible explanations for differences between these results and those reported by earlier workers in this country are discussed. PMID- 6792580 TI - Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. IV. Blood gas and acid-base values at rest. AB - Radiometer Blood Micro-system 2 was used in studies designed to, (a) compare the mean blood gas and acid-base values of 38 normal horses and 20 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), (b) determine the means and standard deviations of blood gas and acid-base values of Thoroughbred horses in training, and (c) investigate the relationships between clinical data, blood gas values, intracardiac and pulmonary arterial pressures in subjects with COPD. There were significant differences between the mean values for partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) and mixed venous carbon dioxide (PvCO2) in normal and COPD subjects. The mean values and standard deviations for determinations of blood gases and acid-base status in Thoroughbred horses in training were as follows: PaO2 = 77,4 +/- 4,3 mm Hg; PvO2 (mixed venous oxygen partial pressure) = 36,2 +/- 4,1 mm Hg; PaCO2 = 40,9 +/- 5,8 mm Hg; PvCO2 = 49,4 +/- 5,0 mm Hg; pHa (arterial) = 7,358 +/- 0,051; pHv (venous) = 7,343 +/- 0,027; standard bicarbonate = 22,7 mM/l. The PaO2, the PaCO2 and the arterial pH were significantly correlated to the respiratory frequency in COPD subjects. The correlations of pulmonary diastolic pressure to both PaO2 and pHa were of probable significance (P less than 0,05) in COPD subjects. PaCO2 was highly significantly correlated to PaO2 and pHa in COPD subjects. PMID- 6792581 TI - The efficacy of bacteriological procedures for the isolation of Brucella abortus from abattoir material. AB - A process of emulsifying and centrifuging abattoir specimens before plating out is described. Brucella abortus was isolated more successfully by this process than by conventional methods, especially in low grade infections. The 5 different media used were equally effective in our attempts at isolation, but growth did not necessarily occur on all 5 plates. In dairy cows, specimens from supra mammary lymph nodes, udder and iliac lymph nodes accounted for a high percentage of positive isolations. PMID- 6792582 TI - Quantitative measurements of the diffusion in vitro of some aldehydes in root canals of human teeth. AB - Quantitative measurements with Schiff reagent of the diffusion of aldehydes from endodontically prepared teeth were performed as a function of time, quantity, and concentration of the inserted drug, repeated sealing of the drug in the root canal, the age of the tooth, and the site of the diffusion. The measurements are based on the reaction of aldehydes with Schiff reagent. All teeth were permeable to formaldehyde-containing drugs. Diffusion of the formaldehyde could be detected within 1 minute. The bulk of the inserted formaldehyde diffused through the apical third, but in young teeth (less than 20 years) the whole root surface was permeable. A 2 percent solution of glutaraldehyde, unlike 10 and 25 percent studies, tended to permeate through the dentin and cementum. PMID- 6792583 TI - Newborn risk factors and costs of neonatal intensive care. AB - To understand the sources of the high costs of neonatal intensive care, financial and medical information on 1,185 admissions to an intensive care nursery was gathered. Multiple regression analysis showed that a significant portion of the variation in individual costs was explained by three measures of risk: low birth weight, surgical intervention, and assisted ventilation. There was a highly skewed distribution of costs. Nearly half of all admissions had none of the above risk factors, had an average cost of about $2,000, and accounted for only 13% of the total costs for the whole sample. In contrast, less than one quarter of the admissions had two or more of the risk factors, had an average cost of $19,800, and accounted for nearly 60% of the total costs. Models that predict costs and length of stay on a basis of seven risk factors were developed to allow for differences in patient populations. PMID- 6792584 TI - Pulmonary function and bronchial hyperreactivity in long-term survivors of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Nine children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were studied at a mean age of 8.4 years. Persistent respiratory symptoms were common. Pulmonary function tests demonstrated airway obstruction and abnormal blood gas levels in most. In six of eight children results of methacholine challenge tests were positive, indicating bronchial hyperreactivity. Abnormal chest radiographs persisted in eight children. The bronchial hyperreactivity is a likely consequence of airway damage in infancy and is the probable reason for episodic wheezing in the early years of life. Improvement in expiratory flow rates following bronchodilator inhalation suggests that such therapy may improve function in these children. PMID- 6792585 TI - Teaching self-management skills to asthmatic children and their parents in an ambulatory care setting. AB - A program designed to teach self-management skills to asthmatic children and their parents was performed by a nurse-educator utilizing health education techniques. Goals included: (1) reduce frequency and severity of asthma; (2) reduce emergency room visits and hospitalizations; (3) reduce school absenteeism; (4) develop positive family self-help attitudes; and (5) incorporate patient parent education in an office. After informed consent was obtained, 26 asthmatic children, aged 2 to 14 years, were selected and evaluated. Appropriate asthma management including avoidance, medications, and immunotherapy, if indicated, was initiated for both a study group (13 patients) and a comparison group (13 patients). Symptom and medication diaries were kept for six to 18 months. Educational intervention by a nurse-educator, including four hours of individual instruction, group classes, telephone access, and monitoring for the study patients, resulted in fewer hospitalizations and emergency room visits as compared to control patients, tenfold less school absenteeism, and fewer asthma attacks. Estimated hospital and emergency room costs were much less in the educated group. These results were accomplished by improving comprehension of and compliance with the medical management program by the study patients and their families; more medications were used and therapy for asthma was initiated earlier. PMID- 6792587 TI - Testing for polychlorinated biphenyls in human milk. AB - Reports of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination of human milk have raised questions about the possible risks of breast-feeding and whether nursing mothers ought to have their breast milk tested. Current data on contamination of human milk are needed so that pediatricians can make informed recommendations about breast milk testing and breast-feeding. With consideration of recent findings of PCB contamination of human milk in Michigan, recommendations concerning breast milk testing and breast-feeding are made. No major changes in current breast feeding practices are advised. However, breast milk testing is recommended for certain nursing mothers who have had potentially high exposure to PCBs. Limiting the duration of breast-feeding may also be advisable for mothers with high PCB milk fat levels in order to reduce infant exposure to PCBs. PMID- 6792586 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase deficiency: an alleged biochemical cause of Leigh's disease. PMID- 6792588 TI - Arteriohepatic dysplasia. PMID- 6792589 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls and other organic chemical residues in fish from major United States watersheds near the Great Lakes, 1978. AB - Twenty-six composite samples of fish were collected during 1978 from United States watersheds near the Great Lakes and analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related organic chemicals. PCB mixtures resembling Aroclor 1254 were found in all samples, and mixtures resembling Aroclor 1242 (or 1016) were found in 77 percent of the samples. Total PCB concentrations in the whole-fish composite samples ranged from 0.13 to 14.6 ppm; 65 percent of the samples contained more than 2 ppm PCBs. DDT and its metabolites were found in all samples. sigma DDT concentration was 1.66 ppm, and 81 percent of the samples contained less than 1.0 ppm sigma DDT. Chlordane ranged from less than 0.001 to 2.57 ppm in 38 percent of the samples. Hexachlorobenzene was found in 65 percent of the samples, ranging from less than 0.005 to 0.447 ppm. Other chemicals identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry included petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorobenzenes, chlorostyrenes, chlorophenols, and chlorinated aliphatic compounds. Fish from the Ashtabula River (Ohio), Rock River (Ohio), and Wabash River (Indiana) contained extremely complex residues of chlorinated and other organic chemicals. PMID- 6792590 TI - Organochlorine pesticides and PCBs in cod-liver oil of Baltic origin, 1971--80. PMID- 6792591 TI - [Result of radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal cancer. An analysis of relapsed site after treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792592 TI - [Acquired anticoagulants of immunologic origin: association of circumscribed pemphigoid and an anti-factor VIII anticoagulant]. PMID- 6792593 TI - Characterization of a plasmid-specified ribosome methylase associated with macrolide resistance. AB - The ermC gene of plasmid pE194 specifies resistance to the macrolidelincosamide streptogramin B antibiotics. This resistance, as well as synthesis of the 29,000 dalton protein product of ermC, has been shown to be induced by erythromycin. Weisblum and his colleagues have established that macrolide resistance is associated with a specific dimethylation of adenine in 23 S rRNA. We show that pE194 specifies an RNA methylase that can utilize either 50 S ribosomes or 23 S rRNA as substrates. Synthesis of this methylase is induced by low concentrations of erythromycin, and the enzyme is produced in elevated amounts by strains carrying a high copy number mutant of pE194. The methylase comigrates with the 29K ermC product on polyacrylamide gels. The purification and some properties of this methylase are described. PMID- 6792594 TI - Iron-related modification of bacterial transfer RNA. AB - Transfer RNAs isolated from E. coli grown in media where ferric iron is not freely available show well characterized chromatographic changes due to the absence of the methylthio moiety of ms2i6A. The altered tRNA molecules include tRNA trp tRNA tyr, tRNA phe and two minor tRNA ser species. It has been suggested that methylthiolation of tRNA affects its function in regulation. We now show iron-related changes in tRNA trp from S. typhimurium, Ps. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae. tRNA trp from S. typhimurium contains ms2i6A and it seems probable that the availability of iron affects the synthesis of ms2i6A-tRNA trp from i6A tRNA trp in this organism. An iron-related methylthiolating system may also be operative in K. pneumoniae. S. marcescens tRNA trp, however was not affected by the availability of iron. Neither ms2i6A nor i6A was found in S. marcescens tRNA, although an, as yet unidentified, hydrophobic nucleoside was present. PMID- 6792595 TI - 16S ribosomal RNA of Escherichia coli contains a N2-methylguanosine at 27 nucleotides from the 3' end. AB - The 49 nucleotides fragment derived from the 3' end of 16S rRNA by cloacin DF13, is not cleaved by ribonuclease T1 at a guanosine residue tha is present at 27 nucleotides from the 3' terminus (position 115 in 16S rRNA). Analysis of the isolated nucleotide indicates that it is a modified G residue. In vivo labeling with (3H)methionine shows that this G is methylated and co-chromatography with markers reveals that it is N2-methylguanosine. PMID- 6792597 TI - [Thyroid function in patients with kidney insufficiency requiring hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - In 43 hemodialysis patients different thyroid function parameters have been assessed. A characteristic combination of findings occurred in most cases. These were reduced values of total hormones in serum with normal free hormone levels. There was a reduced occupation of binding valences for TBG and a subnormal TSH. The TSH-TRH tests were normal. These changes in serum concentration can be explained at best by accepting a modulation of binding valences of transport proteins in the sense of reduced binding affinity. The various possible inducing mechanisms are discussed and the high sensitivity of binding valences to changes of the acid-alkaline equilibrium and temperature underlined. Both factors may play a role in uremic patients. Since not only in uremic patients but also in patients with various other diseases such changes in serum level can be demonstrated, there is a good chance that different mechanisms induce the same effect. PMID- 6792596 TI - The nucleotide sequence of Euglena cytoplasmic phenylalanine transfer RNA. Evidence for possible classifications of Euglena among the animal rather than the plant kingdom. AB - The nucleotide sequence of cytoplasmic phenylalanine tRNA from Euglena gracilis has been elucidated using procedures described previously for the corresponding chloroplastic tRNA [Cell, 9, 717 (1976)]. The sequence is: pG-C-C-G-A-C-U-U-A m(2)G-C-U-Cm-A-G-D-D-G-G-G-A-G-A-G-C-m(2)2G-psi-psi-A-G-A-Cm -U-Gm-A-A-Y-A-psi-C U-A-A-A-G-m(7)G-U-C-*C-C-U-G-G-T-psi-C-G-m(1)A-U-C-C-C-G-G- G-A-G-psi-C-G-G-C-A-C C-A. Like other tRNA Phes thus far sequenced, this tRNA has a chain length of 76 nucleotides. The sequence of E. gracilis cytoplasmic tRNA Phe is quite different (27 nucleotides out of 76 different) from that of the corresponding chloroplastic tRNA but is surprisingly similar (72 out of 76 nucleotides identical) to that of tRNA Phe from mammalian cytoplasm. This extent of sequence homology even exceeds that found between E. gracilis and wheat germ cytoplasmic tRNA Phe. These findings raise interesting questions on the evolution of tRNAs and the taxonomy of Euglena. PMID- 6792598 TI - Mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron: reproducibility of their measurement by whole-body counting and differences between Fe(II) and Fe(III). AB - Iron absorption was measured with a double isotope technique which enabled investigation of initial mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron. Radioactivity was measured with a whole-body scanner. Absorption of 1 mg Fe2+ was studied twice in 22 healthy subjects, with an interval of almost two years. No significant difference was observed in the mean values of mucosal uptake, mucosal transfer and retention of iron. In some subjects, however, values differed considerably, despite identical experimental conditions, detailed instruction and no detectable changes in the individual iron status. In another 10 subjects absorption of 1 mg Fe3+ was compared with 1 mg Fe2+. Mucosal uptake and retention of Fe2+ were twice as high as of Fe3+ while mucosal transfer did not differ significantly. It appears that investigations of groups of subjects, receiving either the same or a different iron test dose, give reliable and reproducible results. Individual and longitudinally studied values in a single subject, however, have to be interpreted with caution. PMID- 6792599 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Mitexan in the prevention of urinary tract complications during treatment with Holoxan]. PMID- 6792600 TI - Total parenteral nutrition--a team concept. PMID- 6792602 TI - [Efficacy and quality control of radiological methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792601 TI - Arylamidase from human renal cancer tissue in comparison with normal kidney and placental enzymes. AB - Arylamidase (E.C. 3.4.11.2) was solubilized from renal cancer tissues by bromelain treatment, and its properties were compared with those of normal kidney and placental enzymes after partial purification. Their column chromatograms on TEAE-cellulose revealed a slight, but constant difference in the negative charge, namely, in normal kidney, renal cancer tissue, and placental enzymes in increasing order. An electrophoretic study on polyacrylamide gel showed comparable results. On the other hand, when treated with neuraminidase prior to electrophoresis, the renal cancer tissue and kidney enzymes came to have an identical mobility, while the placental enzyme still had a faster mobility than the others. The renal cancer tissue arylamidase was not clearly distinguished from the kidney and placental enzymes with respect to molecular weight, Michaelis constant, pH optimum, heat stability, behavior to divalent cations or chelating agents, susceptibility to urea or amino acids, inhibition by sulfhydryl agents, and immunological properties. These results suggest that renal cancer tissue and kidney enzymes are similar glycoproteins, simply different in sialic acid content, and that these two enzymes are different from the placental enzyme in the structure of the peptide portion and/or carbohydrate portions other than sialic acid residues. PMID- 6792603 TI - [Radiological pattern of changes in neurofibromatosis in children based on observations of 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792604 TI - A biopsychosocial approach to immune function and medical disorders. PMID- 6792605 TI - [Serum concentrations of estradiol, testosterone, luteinizing hormone and hormone stimulating hormone in men following acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6792606 TI - [Comparison of causes of death in diabetics in the years 1965-1969 and 1970-1974 in the light of autopsy examinations performed in Lodz]. PMID- 6792607 TI - [Electroencephalographic signs in cerebrovascular disorders and brain tumors after administration of mannitol (using automatic EEG analysis)]. PMID- 6792608 TI - [Management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic coma]. PMID- 6792609 TI - [Quantitative logic analysis of homologies in diagnostic electron microscopy. Application of morphometry and mathematical logic in a case of gangliosidosis type I (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792610 TI - [Experimental induction of preleukemic myelopoietic dysplasias by dimethylbenz (a) anthrazene (DMBA). A rat model for investigation of human "preleukemia" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792611 TI - Prevention of kainic acid-induced seizure-like activity by antiepileptic drugs. AB - Intracerebroventricular kainic acid (KA) injections produced a seizure-like activity syndrome in mice. It was shown that some antiepileptic drugs (lefadol, depakine, phenobarbital) inhibited this syndrome, diazepam being the most effective in this respect. However, acetazolamide and diphenylhydantoin exerted a rather weak or negligible effect even when given in high doses. Present results may suggest that the effects of intracerebroventicular injections of KA may be employed to test antiepileptic properties of drugs. PMID- 6792613 TI - Solid-phase immunofluorescent and immunoadsorbent assays of serum prostatic acid phosphatase. PMID- 6792612 TI - Synthesis of phenylphenoxyacetamide derivatives with potential antiinflammatory activity. AB - Twenty four derivatives of N-(phenoxyacetyl)-p-aminophenoxyacetic acid have been obtained. The tests of the in vitro inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase revealed that compounds 19 and 24 have the activity similar to that of Naproxen. PMID- 6792614 TI - [Interactions of blood coagulation factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792615 TI - [Pre- and perinatal brain damage and epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792616 TI - [The post-traumatic epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792617 TI - [Indications for cranial computerized tomography by epileptic patients from the point of view of the practizing neurologist (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792618 TI - [A new therapeutic alternative for the treatment of enteritis--controlled double blind tests with the strain SF 68]. PMID- 6792619 TI - Observations on the separation of SP1 alpha and SP1 beta by affinity chromatography. AB - SP1 antigens in late pregnancy blood, in placental extracts and in acidified plasma have been purified on positive affinity chromatography columns with immobilized SP1 antiserum and on negative affinity columns with immobilized antihuman non-pregnancy serum. Both SP1 alpha and SP1 beta are bound by the positive column but only SP1 alpha is bound by the negative column. This is adduced as further support for the view that SP1 alpha is formed by the combination of SP1 beta with a protein present in non-pregnancy serum. PMID- 6792620 TI - Investigations into the molecular heterogeneity of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1). AB - The molecular heterogeneity of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) was examined by analytical immunoelectrophoresis and a radioimmunostaining technique of immunoelectrophoretic plates. Analytical crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis and radioimmunostaining of these plates demonstrated the presence of normal human serum components in the alpha-mobile precipitate previously considered to be exclusively the high molecular pregnancy-specific protein, SP1 alpha. This observation suggested that two molecular populations were contributing to the alpha-mobile precipitate. Following fractionation of late pregnancy serum by size chromatography, the radioimmunostaining technique further demonstrated the presence of normal serum components in the intermediate fraction but not in authentic SP1 (i.e., SP1 beta) or the high molecular weight form (SP1 alpha). We suggest that SP1 antigenic determinants are distributed in three different fractions of pregnancy serum, one of which (intermediate fraction) is a complex of authentic SP1 (SP1 beta) and a normal serum protein, whereas non pregnancy serum components were not demonstrable in the remaining two (i.e., SP1 beta or SP1 alpha). PMID- 6792621 TI - Inhibin-like activity in extracts of rabbit placentae. AB - Following the demonstration of inhibin activity in the ovary, a search was conducted for such activity in the rabbit placenta. A bioassay was utilized that consisted of 16 hours' incubation of the test substance with cultured rat anterior pituitary cells and determination of gonadotrophins in the recovered media. A crude extract of rabbit placenta had no effect on luteinizing hormone (LH) but a slight and insignificant inhibiting effect on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. Ethanol-extracted low steroid preparation of the rabbit placenta significantly inhibited FSH, but had no effect on LH secretion. On Sephadex G100 chromatography a fraction was identified which had inhibin activity. In a parallel chromatography of human seminal fluid inhibin activity was identified in the same elution volume as that of the rabbit placenta extract. It is suggested that rabbit placenta extract contains a non-steroidal substance that interferes with pituitary secretion of FSH, and that this substance may be inhibin. PMID- 6792622 TI - [Serum iron metabolism in anemias of various etiologies with stimulation of carbon dioxide fixation reactions]. PMID- 6792623 TI - [Hematologic masks in liver diseases]. PMID- 6792624 TI - [Oxygen carbon dioxide solubility in organofluorine fluids and organofluorine based emulsions]. PMID- 6792625 TI - [Mycobacterium tuberculosis L forms in patients with abacillary lung caverns]. PMID- 6792626 TI - [Role of the fibrinolytic system in the formation of the destructive processes in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6792627 TI - [Elaboration and improvement of the standard nutrient media for isolating, determining the drug sensitivity of and identifying Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 6792628 TI - [Diagnostic significance of serological reactions in osteoarticular tuberculosis]. PMID- 6792629 TI - [Pathomorphological characteristics of tuberculosis in relation to the variability of the causative agent]. PMID- 6792630 TI - [Use of differential ultracentrifugation for isolating the subcellular components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. PMID- 6792632 TI - The anatomy of hominization. PMID- 6792631 TI - Blood plasma levels of cortisol, insulin, growth hormone and somatomedin in children with marasmus, kwashiorkor, and intermediate forms of protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6792633 TI - Some novel organosilanes as potent anti-tubercular agents. PMID- 6792634 TI - Effect of antacids on the dissolution of minocycline and demethylchlortetracycline from capsules. AB - The effect of certain antacids on the dissolution of minocycline and demethylchlortetracycline from capsules was studied. It was found that antacids such as aluminium silicate and magnesium trisilicate decreased the dissolution of minocycline and demethyl-chlortetracycline. PMID- 6792635 TI - Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, chemistry, biochemistry and physiological aspects. PMID- 6792636 TI - Bacillus cereus toxins. PMID- 6792637 TI - Effect of anterior prepyriform and medial amygdaloid lesions on acquisition of taste-avoidance and response to dietary amino acid imbalance. PMID- 6792638 TI - Phasic events of paradoxical sleep in the anophthalmic ZRDCT/An mice. PMID- 6792639 TI - Latissimus dorsi free muscle flap in lower-extremity reconstruction. AB - The free latissimus dorsi skin-muscle flap has gained wide popularity to solve a variety of difficult reconstructive surgical problems. However, the donor site of this skin-muscle flap leaves a conspicuous scar and indentation, and frequently in the recipient site the skin-muscle flap leaves a conspicuous scar and indentation, and frequently in the recipient site the skin-muscle flap requires staged defatting procedures. This case demonstrates the use of the latissimus dorsi muscle flap for lower-extremity reconstruction, where a new blood supply and soft-tissue coverage are required to solve a chronically infected, open ankle joint. By taking the latissimus muscle only through a short, axillary incision, much of the donor-site deformity is minimized, and after transfer, the muscle can be molded and shaped to fit the recipient site with split-thickness skin graft coverage. This combination of free muscle flap transfer and skin graft would appear to provide a flexible, contoured, well-vascularized muscle with a relatively inconspicuous incision and skin-graft donor site. PMID- 6792641 TI - The metabolism of arachidonic acid is changed by dipyridamole in isolated hamster lungs. AB - 14C-Arachidonate (50 nmol) was injected into the pulmonary circulation of isolated perfused lungs of female hamsters and the metabolites were analysed from the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent. Pulmonary infusion of dipyridamole (20 microM) increased the amount of radioactivity in the perfusion effluent of 0-4 min from 12.8 +/- 1.0% to 17.2 +/- 1.5% (2P less than 0.05) of the injected amount. Dipyridamole increased the amounts of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and two unidentified metabolite groups in the effluent. An increasing trend was seen also in the amount of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TxB2. A decreasing trend was, however, seen in the amount of metabolites migrating near to unlabelled 15-keto-PGE2. When 20 nmol of 14C-PGE2 was injected into the pulmonary circulation of isolated hamster lungs, the amount of 15-keto-metabolites of PGE2 in the effluent was decreased and that of unmetabolized PGE2 increased by dipyridamole dose dependently. The rate of efflux of radioactivity from the lungs was increased by dipyridamole. Dipyridamole was in vitro not an inhibitor of 15 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase in the 100.000 supernatant fraction of homogenized hamster lungs. At 20 microM and 100 microM it even caused a slight in vitro activation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Thus the decreased pulmonary inactivation of PGE2 by dipyridamole is obviously due to the decreased uptake of PGE2 into the lungs. This could explain partly the detected changes in the pulmonary metabolism of arachidonic acid by dipyridamole. PMID- 6792640 TI - Effect of prolonged exercise on plasma prostaglandin levels. AB - The effects of a strenuous marathon run of 42.2 kilometers on the presence of prostaglandins in blood was investigated in 24 healthy males and females. Testosterone, FSH, LH, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, T4 and T3 were also measured. With the exercise of the marathon run, a significant elevation of plasma PGE2, PGF2 alpha and 6 keto PGF1 alpha was observed in the runners following the race. Significant increases were also noted in blood catecholamine, dopamine and testosterone levels while a significant decline in the gonadotropins, FSH and LH was observed. No changes in thyroxine or tri iodothyronine were noted. PMID- 6792642 TI - Inhibition of superovulation in immature female rats by the antiserum to cyclooxygenase. AB - In order to investigate involvement of prostaglandins (PGs) in ovulation, we examined whether the antiserum to cyclooxygenase was able to inhibit superovulation in immature female rats as indomethacin did. The antiserum to cyclooxygenase was raised in rabbits using as antigen the solubilized cyclooxygenase extracted and purified from bovine seminal vesicles. The in vivo administration of the antiserum inhibited superovulation in female rats dose dependently at doses of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 ml but did not affect production of progesterone. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the follicular cells due to the antiserum causing no effect on steroidogenesis was observed in organ cultures of the follicles excised from rats primed with PMS-hCG and the antiserum. In contrast to this, no inhibition of cyclooxygenase was detected upon adding the antiserum to the culture medium. The present study showed PG is as indispensable a factor in ovulation as are the steroids. PMID- 6792643 TI - Hyperosmotic xylitol, prostaglandins and gastric mucosal barrier. AB - We have previously reported that hyperosmotic solutions of sodium chloride or of xylitol possess potent anti-ulcer activity and reduce gastric acidity in the rat. They also stimulate gastric prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, which may bear a causal relationship to the above effects. In the present investigation we studied the effect of intragastric hyperosmolarity on the transmucosal potential difference (PD) and on the permeability to H+ ions in the rat stomach. We also studied the effect of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, indomethacin and flufenamic acid, on these parameters. Rat stomach was perfused in vivo, under urethane anesthesia, by xylitol solutions made up in 0.01 N HCl. While moderately hyperosmotic (13%) xylitol was without effect, the perfusion of intensely hyperosmotic xylitol (34.5%) resulted in a long lasting reduction of the transmucosal PD from a mean (+/- SEM) of -63 +/- 4 mV to a trough value of -40 +/ 3 mV. This depression of transmucosal PD was inhibited in a dose-related fashion by prior treatment with the PG-synthetase inhibitors. Acid recovery in the effluent was significantly reduced by the 34.5% xylitol solution and indomethacin pretreatment did not modify the effect of hyperosmotic xylitol. It is concluded that, although intensely hyperosmotic xylitol produces some of the characteristic effects of a barrier breaker, i.e. depression of transmucosal PD and acid back diffusion, these two phenomena probably involve different mechanisms, as indicated by their differential response to indomethacin. PMID- 6792644 TI - Investigation of the mechanism of action of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on renin and aldosterone secretion and sodium excretion. AB - Mean blood pressure (MBP) was found to be lower, while renal plasma flow (RPF), glomerular filtration rats (GFR), sodium excretion rate (U(Na)V), potassium excretion rate (U(k)V) and urinary prostaglandin E (PGE) concentration were higher in 15 normotensive subjects (15NS) compared with the values obtained in 15 essential hypertensive patients (15EHP) of the same mean age. After volume expansion of the 15HP with isotonic saline infusion, RPF, U(Na)V, U(k)V, urine volume (UV) and urinary PGE increased significantly while plasma renin activity (PRA) decreased significantly. Urinary aldosterone concentration and MBP decreased also but not significantly. After oral administration of 75 mg of indomethacin, in the same loaded group of 15 EHP, urinary PGE, urinary aldosterone and PRA decreased significantly while RPF, GRF, U(Na)V remained unaltered and MBP increased. When these values obtained in saline loaded and indomethacin treated 15EHP were compared to those obtained in the same group before volume expansion, it was found that RPF, U(NaV, U(k)V and UV were higher after indomethacin-saline administration while MBP, GRF and urinary PGE did not differ significantly and PRA and urinary aldosterone were significantly lower. These findings argue against the suggestion that PGE increases sodium reabsorption at the distal tubule and indicate that the unaltered sodium excretion rate in saline loaded and indomethacin treated unanaesthetized subjects, results from the simultaneous decrease of renomedullary PGE, Renin and aldosterone secretion. PMID- 6792645 TI - The effect of prostaglandin metabolism on immunoglobulin and antibody production in naive and educated whole spleen cells. AB - Addition of prostaglandin E2 or inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis to Mishell-Dutton cultures results in changes of immunoglobulin levels, particularly IgM, secreted into the culture supernatant. These changes in the quantity of immunoglobulin found in the supernatant are minimal in cultures containing naive cells. When BSA educated cells from C57B1/6 immunized mice were cultured, PGE2 was very effective in amplifying the biosynthesis of immunoglobulin when placed in culture in the presence of BSA. Whole spleen cell cultures from C57B1/6 mice immunized with sRBC also had increased immunoglobulin concentrations in culture supernatants upon exposure to PGE2 at culture initiation. However, the addition of sRBC to these cultures did not further increase immunoglobulin production. In all cases indomethacin inhibited the appearance of immunoglobulin into the supernatant by antigen educated cells. This inhibition which may be a result of inhibited immunoglobulin synthesis and not an impairment of transport, could be overcome by the inclusion of PGE2 in the cultures. PGE2 added to cultures containing cells educated against human gamma globulin caused an increase in the quantity of human gamma globulin-specific antibody in the culture supernatant while it had no effect on naive cells. These results indicate that prostaglandin metabolism may exert a greater influence on educated lymphocytes than naive lymphocytes in terms of immunoglobulin secretion and specific antibody production. PMID- 6792646 TI - Non-interference by salicylate with aspirin inhibition of arterial thrombosis in rats. AB - Several authors have reported that salicylate blocks and reverses aspirin inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by platelets and arterial wall. Male rats were given sodium salicylate 15 or 100 mg/kg i.v. 2 min before receiving aspirin, 10 mg/kg i.v. Right and left carotid arteries were injured electrically before and after drug administration and thrombus generation recorded by measuring downstream temperature. Significant antithrombotic effect of aspirin was observed in all cases regardless of prior salicylate administration and the results were similar to those obtained with aspirin alone. Thus competition between salicylate and aspirin as reported in vitro does not appear to significantly affect the in vivo antithrombotic action of aspirin in this model. PMID- 6792647 TI - [A holiday with psychiatric long-term patients (author's transl)]. AB - Following predominantly favourable earlier experiences with holiday trips, eleven long-term hospitalized patients of sociopsychiatric ward (an institution concerned with the gradual transition from psychiatric treatment to social rehabilitation) went on a one week's trip together with the ward personnel, emphasis being on the aspect of recreation. The patients themselves took over the organization of the daily schedules. Marked improvements in mood levels, a decrease in disturbances of well-being, and increased activity were clearly noticeable. These were probably due to relief from the clinic's daily routine and to the intensification of interactions within the patient group and with the therapists. Although these changes did not persist in most patients after their return, a positive effect for further therapy planning was seen in at least four of them. This experience report concludes with a suggestion to include such trips in the proposed treatment schedule for long-term patients. PMID- 6792648 TI - Lithium promotes entrainment of rats to long circadian light-dark cycles. AB - Manic-depressive patients may have an endogenous circadian oscillator (about 24 hour clock) which runs too fast or which seeks too advanced or early a phase. Lithium salts are a major treatment for manic-depressives and may work by slowing this overly fast clock. Previous experiments with blinded rats demonstrated that lithium could delay free-running circadian rhythms. In this experiment, male rats were exposed to 27- and 28-hour light-dark cycles which were too long to synchronize the rhythms of control animals. In these control animals, the interaction of a faster (about 24-hour) internal rhythm with a slower light-dark cycle produced a beating interaction. cyclic variations in activity were observed as a result. Measurement of wheel-running activity indicated that its circadian rhythm was significantly slowed in lithium-fed animals and became synchronized with the light-dark cycle. This illustrates and supports the hypothesis that an action of lithium may be to delay and resynchronize overly fast circadian rhythms. PMID- 6792649 TI - Adaptation to the tumor-enhancing effects of stress. AB - Growth of P815 mastocytoma in syngeneic DBA/2J male mice was evaluated following several stress regimens. Although escapable shock did not enhance tumor growth, an equivalent amount of inescapable shock applied in a yoked paradigm markedly augmented tumor development. If mice received repeated stress sessions on 5-10 consecutive following tumor cell transplantation, the tumor-enhancing effects of an acute session were abrogated. This effect was not due to an antitumor effect exerted by a shock session applied several days after cell transplantation. It seems that the tumorigenic effects of stress are subject to adaptation since stress exposure prior to cell transplantation also inhibited the effects of an acute stress session. The data were discussed in relation to stress-induced neurochemical alterations. PMID- 6792650 TI - Psychiatric reactions to long-term intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 6792652 TI - A quantitative study of cell death and mitotic inhibition in gamma-irradiated imaginal wing discs of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6792653 TI - Dynamic sequential scanning with table incrementation. AB - Dynamic sequential scanning with table incrementation is a method of rapid computed tomographic head scanning in which a complete 10-section scan can be made in 2 minutes 40 seconds or less. Although some measurable and visible loss of low-contrast resolution occurs, there is no loss of high-contrast resolution. Monthly throughput of patients has been increased by about 30% since this technique was instituted. PMID- 6792651 TI - Oxygen-effect as an inhibition of repair: radiation studies on excision repair deficient mei-9L1-embryos of Drosophila. AB - The excision repair deficient mei-9L1-embryos of Drosophila melanogaster are up to four times more radiosensitive than normal +/+ embryos. The lack of oxygen effect in the repair deficient 4-h-embryos and the reduced O2-effect in the 13/4 h embryos suggest an interpretation of the oxygen effect as a modification of the ability to repair. The conversion of the early death (heavy damage) to late death (slight damage) by irradiation of normal embryos in N2 supports this interpretation. This theory can also explain the dependence of O2-effect on LET. The spontaneous lethality and the increase in radiosensitivity depend in heterozygous mei-9L1-embryos strictly upon the genotype of the mother, thus representing a maternal effect. PMID- 6792654 TI - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck. AB - Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck is an uncommon plasma-cell neoplasm that arises most frequently from the soft tissues of the upper airways. Ten patients with extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck received primary external beam megavoltage radiotherapy with doses between 4,000 rad (40 Gy)/29 days and 6,075 rad (60.75 Gy)/42 days. In eight patients the disease was locally controlled, although distant spread of the disease subsequently developed in four of them. Observations of the patients' medical histories, their response to treatment, and patterns of relapse suggest that extramedullary plasmacytoma is a separate clinicopathologic entity from other plasma-cell tumors and is appropriately managed by local irradiation. PMID- 6792655 TI - Chromatin replication in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6792656 TI - [1H nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the tertiary structure of human immunoglobulins and their fragments (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792658 TI - [Traumatic pharyngo-esophageal pseudodiverticulum in a newborn infant. Report of a case with a review of the literature]. PMID- 6792657 TI - [Perforated diverticulum of the jejunum. Report of a case]. PMID- 6792659 TI - Antigonococcal and antibacterial spectra of some bacterial isolates of the urogenital flora. AB - The antigonococcal and antibacterial spectra of bacterial isolates of the urogenital flora selected for their in vitro interference of Neisseria gonorrhoeae growth were determined on solid medium. A broad antigonococcal spectrum was found for all the selected isolates when they were tested against gonococcal virulent (T1) strains, penicillinase producing strains and strains belonging to the auxotypes NR, Thi-, Pro- Hyx-, Pro- Meth- Thp-, Arg- Meth- and Arg- Hyx- Ura-. Except for the group D streptococci, all the selected isolates particularly the coagulase negative staphylococci showed a narrow interference spectrum towards aerobic and anaerobic bacterial representatives of the normal urogenital flora. The selected isolates inhibited also the growth of N. meningitidis and N. catarrhalis meaning that they produce antineisserial rather than antigonococcal activities. The crude preparations isolated from cultures of Micrococcus sp. No. 2 and 42, and Acinetobacter sp. No. 13 on solid medium showed similar antigonococcal and antibacterial spectra as those observed with the basal spot/lawn method. These inhibitory activities were characterized for stability to extreme of temperature and pH values, and for susceptibility to different enzyme treatments. Based on ultrafiltration, differences in molecular size were observed between the inhibitors. These substances appear different from the previously reported gonococcal inhibitors of bacterial origin. PMID- 6792660 TI - [Analysis of Rh blood group in sibships. A new histocompatibility system in man?]. PMID- 6792661 TI - [Efficacy of rifampicin in the treatment of Meningococcus carriers]. PMID- 6792662 TI - [Hypotension and cramps in hemodialysis. Role of osmolarity changes and their treatment with mannitol]. PMID- 6792663 TI - [Survey of gonococcal and meningococcal infections. Results from a systematic study of patients from an urban dispensary and sexual partners (author's transl)]. AB - Over a period of 28 months, 605 strains of gonococci and 302 strains of meningococci have been isolated in an urban dispensary. The study was particularly concerned with the identification of gonococcal and meningococcal strains isolated from the patients sexual partners and with epidemiological distribution of the two species. There was only little seasonal variations in the occurrence of gonococcal infections. The frequency of meningococcal infections (which are only poorly transmitted, by the nasopharyngeal route) varied inconsistently during the period covered. PMID- 6792664 TI - [Cost effectiveness of pneumococcal vaccine (author's transl)]. AB - We try, in this study, to clarify two problems: 1) is vaccination against pneumococcal infection economically justified? 2) what is the best age group to vaccinate? On this basis of epidemiological data concerning mainly pneumococcal pneumonia and secondarily other pneumococcal diseases, we measure medical care costs related to these diseases for the 1974 french population. Then we elaborate ten vaccination hypothesis and compare them from the cost-effectiveness point of view, taking in account vaccination costs and medical care costs saved on one part and implicate saved life values on the other part. The more favorable results appear for high risks 45 years of age and older. PMID- 6792665 TI - [Treatment of severe cardiac insufficiency with endovenous nitroglycerin]. PMID- 6792667 TI - Discussion to "the neuroendocrine control of the menstrual cycle". PMID- 6792666 TI - Regulation and function of the primate fetal adrenal gland and gonad. PMID- 6792668 TI - Effects of 4-dimethylaminophenol on blood flow and blood gases in the brain. AB - The effects of i.v. injected 4-dimethylaminophenol HCl, a ferri-hemoglobin forming substance, on cerebral blood flow, brain temperature, blood gases, and lactate concentration in the sinus sagittalis blood were measured on male beagle dogs anesthetized with chloralose. An increase in cerebral blood flow became measurable when 5% or more of the hemoglobin was oxidized to ferrihemoglobin. The local cerebral blood flow of the cingulum region and the flow in the sinus sagittalis increased, while the sinus pO2 decreased. An increase in the ferrihemoglobin content of some 20% of the total hemoglobin at a constant arterial pO2 and pCO2 was attended with a decrease in the sinus pO2 of about 10 mm Hg when less than 40% of the heme iron was oxidized. The sinus pO2 approached a threshold value of some 8 mm Hg when the ferrihemoglobin content was increased above 40%. The lactate concentration began to rise very rapidly when 40-50% of the hemoglobin was oxidized. At the same time pCO2 increased and pH decreased in the sinus blood. The brain temperature remained unchanged. The behavior of conscious dogs with a ferrihemoglobin content of 40% of the total hemoglobin showed no abnormalities. PMID- 6792669 TI - Arterial hypoxemia following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin in patients with ischemic heart disease and pneumonia. AB - Nitroglycerin (Ng) is a potent and short-acting coronary and systemic vasodilator, widely used in anginal pain treatment. When given to patients with pneumonia or chronic lung disease, Ng was found to cause a further decrease in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) by increased perfusion of poorly ventilated territories in the lungs. In order to investigate the potential hazard in Ng decreasing the PaO2 in ischemic heart disease patients, who develop acute pneumonia, we administered 0.4 mg Ng sublingually to 11 patients who suffered concomitantly from ischemic heart disease and acute pneumonia. Arterial blood gases were monitored before, 2, 5 and 10 min following Ng administration, as well as a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram that was monitored as the same time. 8 out of the 11 patients showed a decrease in PaO2 which was mild to moderate, during the study period of time, none of them showed an increase, and there was tendency for the lower (less than 60 mm Hg) initial PaO2 to show a lesser decrease in the PaO2 in comparison to the higher (greater than 60 mm Hg) initial PaO2. There was no statistical significant correlation between the decrease in PaO2 and patients' age, sex, coexisting chronic obstructive lung disease and severity of systemic heart failure. Our conclusion is that the hazard in lowering PaO2 by Ng in ischemic heart disease patients who develop acute pneumonia is minimal, but the drug should be used with caution. PMID- 6792670 TI - Changes in ventilatory flow rate in ducks in response to a single inspiration of air containing 5% CO2. AB - A single inspiration of 5% CO2 abolished the phasic inspiratory discharge of a population of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) in decerebrate ducks. Inspiratory flow rate (V1) was found to increase in 27 of 40 trials in 3 tranquillized ducks, and in 43 of 47 trials in 3 decerebrate ducks. In addition, the abruptness of the transition from inspiration to expiration (dV/dt) increased in response to inspiring 5% CO2 in 32 of 40 trials in the tranquillized animals, and in 45 of 47 trials with the decerebrate animals. It is argued that the VI and dV/dt responses are mediated by the change in inspiratory IPC discharge caused by the inspired CO2. It is concluded that inspiratory IPC discharge inhibits the level of output of central inspiratory neurones moment by moment, and additionally prevents an abrupt cessation or initiation of activity in the antagonistic ventilatory muscles. PMID- 6792671 TI - Effects of decortication and carotid sinus nerve section on ventilation of the rat. AB - The effect on ventilation of exposure to hypoxic, hypercapnic and hypoxic/hypercapnic gas mixtures was studied before and after functional decortication of intact rats and rats in which the carotid chemoreceptors had been disconnected. Unanaesthetized rats responded to both hypoxia and hypercapnia with an increase in minute ventilation (V) through increases in both frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT). Decortication led to a greater V response to CO2. This was through an effect on f, rather than VT. Carotid sinus nerve section (CSNS) caused a lessening in the V response to gas mixtures, f and VT being equally affected. Decortication, following CSNS, increased the V response but this time through increased VT rather than f. This effect on VT was not specific to any particular gas mixture. It is concluded that the carotid body chemoreceptors, together with the bulbopontine rate controller, influence the response to CO2. It is further suggested that this integration takes place in the reticular formation and is normally under some degree of inhibition from the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6792672 TI - The effect of CO2 and temperature on respiratory movements in the chicken. AB - We studied the effect of increasing colonic temperature (Tc) on respiratory amplitude and frequency at different levels of PICO2 in anesthetized, unidirectionally ventilated cockerels. We also evaluated the relationship between PICO2 and PaCO2. Increased PaCO2 augmented respiratory amplitude and decreased frequency at every Tc. Respiratory amplitude increased as Tc rose from 41 to 45 degrees C at each level of PaCO2. During the same rise in Tc, respiratory frequency decreased at the low PaCO2 seen in awake, panting cockerels but increased at eucapnic PaCO2. Tc had no effect on frequency at high PaCO2. Values for respiratory frequency of unidirectionally ventilated cockerels at given Tc and PaCO2 predict those of awake cockerels. We conclude that amplitude of breathing increases in acute hyperthermia unless accompanied by hypocapnia and that without hypocapnia maximal panting frequencies cannot be reached. PMID- 6792673 TI - Aspects of bimodal gas exchange in the bowfin, Amia calva L. (actinopterygii: amiiformes). AB - The bowfin, Amia calva is a facultative air breathing fish which uses its respiratory swimbladder to augment oxygen uptake in normoxia at 30 degrees C. It does not die however, when denied access to the surface at this temperature. The bladder RQ is 0.21 while the gill RQ is 1.61 and thus most of the CO2 is excreted into the water across the gills. In aquatic hypoxia some of the oxygen taken up via the swimbladder is lost to the water across the gills. However CO2 excretion across the gills is maintained at the same rate as that found in normoxia. PMID- 6792674 TI - Functional morphology of the gills of the bowfin, Amia calva L., with special reference to their significance during air exposure. AB - The bowfin, Amia calva is a facultative air breathing fish restricted to North America and is reported to estivate. The relative and functional gill surface areas of A. calva are not reduced, as in many amphibious fish, but have areas comparable to many completely aquatic species. The secondary lamellae are fused to form a lattice-work of rectangular pores, a gill arrangement unique among fresh-water fishes. This highly modified gill structure imparts considerable rigidity such that these do not collapse upon air exposure. In vivo blood gas measurements from air exposed Amia reveal that these gills must be free of water, since there is both O2 uptake and CO2 excretion across them. The observed ventilatory motions therefore pass air over the secondary lamellae for diffusive gas exchange during air exposure. In the artificial conditions of our experiments, however, air exposure was associated with a marked acidosis and the fish died within 2 hours of being returned to normoxic water. PMID- 6792675 TI - Ventilatory responses to hypocapnic vertebral artery perfusion in intact and carotid body denervated dogs. AB - The ventilatory responses to step changes in vertebral artery PCO2 were investigated in intact and carotid body denervated dogs. The steady-state ventilatory responses of the denervated dogs were less than those of intact dogs. However, when expressed as a ratio to the control ventilation there was no difference between the two groups. While the arterial PCO2 was held at 56 mm Hg by adding CO2 to the inspired air the perfusion of the vertebral arteries was switched from the dog's own arterial supply to hypocapnic blood. The ventilation of the denervated dogs decreased at a faster rate (half time = 130 +/- 9 sec) to a level less than the room air control ventilation. The ventilation in the intact dogs decreased at a slower rate (half time = 184 +/- 23 sec) and was maintained above the room air control level after ten minutes of hypocapnic perfusion. Increasing the medullary blood flow, as measured with radiolabeled microspheres, augmented the rate of decline of ventilation in intact dogs. We conclude, (1) the influence of the peripheral chemoreceptors appears to increase as central drive is decreasing, and (2) the remaining time course of the decrease in ventilation is related to the rate of brain stem perfusion. PMID- 6792676 TI - [Clinical experience in the treatment of pain symptoms in rheumatology with Lasdol]. PMID- 6792677 TI - [A seroepidemiologic survey for Chagas' disease in Potrerillos, Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792678 TI - [Sensitivity of M. tuberculosis to pyrazinamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792679 TI - [The place of biliodigestive shunts in the treatment of hepatobiliopancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6792681 TI - Chloramphenicol: A review of its use in clinical practice. AB - Chloramphenicol has certain notable characteristics: it penetrates reliably into the central nervous system; it is usually bacteriostatic, but is bactericidal for Hemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis; it is metabolized in the liver, and levels of drug in serum need to be monitored in patients with liver disease and in neonates. Potential toxicity limits the use of this drug. It has been estimated that death from aplastic anemia occurs in oe of 24,500-40,800 courses of treatment. The incidence of aplastic anemia after parenteral therapy is unknown; however, only a few cases have been reported. The gray baby syndrome occurred in premature and newborn infants receiving high or unmodified doses of chloramphenicol. This condition can be avoided by reduction of dosage and by monitoring levels of drug in the serum of these infants. The most common toxicity is a reversible, dose-related bone marrow suppression, which is identified by serial monitoring of reticulocyte and complete blood cell counts. Many of the indications for use of this drug are still controversial because studies comparing the toxicity and efficacy of chloramphenicol and of alternative antibiotics have not been done. PMID- 6792680 TI - [Stuporous states during treatment with sodium valproate. Pathogenetic hypotheses]. AB - In 11 patients with complex partial epileptic seizures stuporous states were observed during treatment with valproate (VPA) (2 cases), with VPA and phenobarbitone (PB) (4 cases), or with VPA, PB and a third anti-epileptic drug (5 cases). Based on 3 characteristic cases, an attempt is made to define the role of VPA, the nature of the stuporous states, and the origin of digestive disorders which often herald the onset of behavioural disorders. Several clinical studies have suggested the direct responsibility of VPA even if the adverse effects are potentiated by many other anti-epileptic drugs. Stuporous states are not due to VPA overdose and do not depend on the mode of administration. No correlation has been found between electroclinical signs and plasma or CSF levels of the different anti-epileptic drugs. Reported data and the present cases suggest a paradoxical epileptogenic role for VPA on complex partial seizures: there exists a close similarity of electroclinical findings between spontaneous epileptic seizures and stuporous states during DPA treatment. Digestive disorders appear to result from a central mechanism and not from digestive tract intolerance. In some cases, it is likely that partial seizures with digestive symptoms and signs do occur. PMID- 6792682 TI - Secretory immunity and the bacterial IgA proteases. AB - The characteristics and functions of microbial IgA proteases are reviewed. These enzymes represent a structurally heterogeneous group of proteins that are secreted into the extracellular environment by bacteria capable of causing human disease. The IgA proteases, which vary in their requirements for metal ions, are neutral endopeptidases whose role in the infectious process is not known but whose pronounced substrate specificity for human proteins of the IgA1 subclass has repeatedly been demonstrated. As reagents, the IgA proteases are useful in cleaving IgA molecules to yield intact Fc alpha and Fab alpha fragments that will allow the study of the structure and function of the two large regions of IgA immunoglobulin proteins. The role, if any, of these enzymes in promoting infection by pathogenic members of the genera Neisseria, Hemophilus, and Streptococcus is not known, although the secretory immune system is primarily mediated by antibodies of the IgA isotype, among which are IgA1 subclass proteins, and these proteins are susceptible to cleavage by IgA protease. The determination of the role of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of human infection must await clearer understanding of antigenicity and antibody function at secretory sites and of the relative roles of the two subclasses of human IgA in immune defense. PMID- 6792683 TI - Extravascular hemolytic transfusion reactions due to anti-Yk(a)+Cs(a). AB - The literature lacks cases which document significant hemolytic transfusion reactions or which document successful transfusions of incompatible donor blood in patients who have anti-Yk(a), anti-Cs(a), or anti-Yk(a)+Cs(a). A patient who had multiple extravascular hemolytic transfusion reactions due to anti Yk(a)+Cs(a) is herein reported. The initial reaction was on the basis of a secondary episodes involving incompatible donor units resulted in more rapid red cell destruction and finally oliguria. PMID- 6792684 TI - Blood group A and B activity associated with factor VIII - von Willebrand factor. AB - This report presents further progress on the characterization of blood group activities associated with F VIII/vWf. Evidence is provided that a relationship exists between the nature of the soluble blood group substance of plasma and of F VIII/vWf isolated from this plasma. A mixture of F VIII/vWf from O blood group plasma with A and B substances leads to a purified F VIII/vWf with AB blood group activity. Furthermore, chemical analysis of glycans released from F VIII/vWf by alkaline-borohydride treatment or hydrazinolysis shows the absence of N acetylgalactosamine residues in non-reducing terminal positions. These results suggest that the blood group activity of F VIII/vWf preparations may be related to minor contamination of this molecule by glycolipidic or glycoproteinic plasma components with A or B oligosaccharide structures. PMID- 6792685 TI - [Blood transfusions and kidney transplantations]. PMID- 6792686 TI - [Evaluation of bilio-intestinal anastomoses using radioisotope cholangiography]. AB - In patients subjected to bilio-intestinal anastomosis as treatment of several diseases of the biliary tract and the Oddi's sphincter, with some frequency have symptoms that make suspect that the anastomosis is stenosed. The experience obtained in the evaluation of 8 cases is presented. The method used was radioisotopic cholangiography, with the administration of pyridoxiphenylalanine labeled with 99m-Technetium. Serial images were obtained in Polaroid film. In three of the eight patients, an obstruction of the principal bile duct was shown. After the operation, there was normal patency of the anastomosis. In the other cases, there was normal patency of the anastomosis, and the symptoms were due to other causes. We consider the radioisotopic cholangiography as the method of election in the study of these patients, as the results may indicate a surgical re-intervention, avoid another harmful method or make unnecessary another operation. PMID- 6792687 TI - [Hemoculture in the LIT medium for Trypanosoma cruzi according to the Mourao Mello method (1975)]. PMID- 6792688 TI - Immunosuppression in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). I- Evidences of polyclonal B cell activation in experimental infections mimicked by an extract prepared from circulating trypomastigotes. PMID- 6792689 TI - Immunosuppression in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas, 1909). II- Trypomastigote crude extract (TCE) suppress the humoral immune response in mice. PMID- 6792690 TI - Long-term corticosteroids and cervical subluxation in non-rheumatoid patients. AB - Forty-five non-rheumatoid patients with chronic chest disease were examined radiographically for evidence of cervical subluxation. Twenty-six patients had received continuous corticosteroids for periods of between two and 20 years. The remainder (19 patients) had never been treated with steroids and acted as controls. There was no difference in atlanto-axial distance between the steroid treated and control groups and in no patient did this measurement exceed 3 mm. However, subaxial subluxation was significantly increased in the steroid-treated group, directly related to the duration of steroid therapy (P less than 0.025). PMID- 6792691 TI - Enteric-coated aspirin in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (mean ESR = 51 mm/h) were treated for six months with D-penicillamine (15 patients), sodium aurothiomalate (15 patients), hydroxychloroquine (15 patients) or enteric-coated aspirin (15 patients). The three groups receiving specific anti-rheumatoid therapy were also allowed enteric-coated aspirin in the dose of their choice as the only 'back-up' drug; the group treated with aspirin alone was encouraged to take the maximum tolerated dose. The mean duration of treatment tolerated by patients receiving aspirin alone was 12.3 weeks. Only four patients completed a 24-week treatment period and n improvement was seen in acute-phase reactants. Those patients receiving an anti-rheumatoid drug showed serial improvements in ESR as the dose of aspirin required fell. Plasma salicylate concentrations correlated well with aspirin dosage. Even as an enteric-coated formulation, aspirin alone is not the treatment of choice for active rheumatoid disease. PMID- 6792693 TI - [Viruses, immunology and immunopathology]. PMID- 6792692 TI - [Taurine in the treatment of epilepsy (Results in patients under 15 years of age treated with taurine)]. PMID- 6792694 TI - [Thoracic fistulas of the pancreas and their complications in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The article reports on two thoracic fistulas of the pancreas in infants. Anamnesis revealed that recurring abdominal pain had occurred in those children for years; at the time of their admission to hospital there was considerable dyspnoea with thoracic pain depending on the respiration. Fistulas of the pancreas with thoracic connection were identified as the cause. The article goes into the details of genesis, differential diagnosis and courses of the disease. PMID- 6792695 TI - Fibrin formation induced in agarose gel in the presence of plasma by sera from patients with certain diseases. AB - During a period when screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was performed by immunodiffusion using dextran-containing agarose gel, a diffuse precipitation (DP) zone was observed when citrate plasma samples were reacted with certain serum specimens. The DP reaction was noted with a significantly larger number of sera from patients with renal disorders, hepatitis, or certain other virus infections than with sera from apparently healthy blood donors, indicating that it was associated with some type of pathological condition. Highly purified fibrinogen used as detector reagent instead of plasma was sufficient to elicit a precipitation zone similar to that of the DP reaction. In the presence of coagulation inhibitors such as heparin, hirudin and antithrombin III the DP reaction was inhibited, suggesting that the precipitation zone represents coagulation. Cross-linked fibrin was demonstrated in the precipitates of DP-positive sera but not in the corresponding zone of a DP-negative serum. PMID- 6792696 TI - Binding of the chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex (CrEDTA) to human albumin. AB - The renal plasma clearance of the 51Chromium labelled complex with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([51Cr]EDTA) underestimates that of inulin by 5 15%. Interaction of the anionic CrEDTA with polyanions in the glomerular filter and tubular reabsorption may add to the difference. A re-examination of the protein binding of CrEDTA showed that the protein binding is not negligible, because following ultrafiltration in vitro, the molality of CrEDTA was 5% lower in the ultrafiltrates than in the retentates. With a correction for the distribution of small ions this indicates at least 10% binding to human albumin. pKA = 7.36 was found for the equilibrium CrEDTA(H2O)- in equilibrium with CrEDTA(OH)2- + H+. One CrEDTA molecule carries one or two negative charges at near physiological pH. Renal plasma clearance of [51Cr]EDTA may be corrected to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by multiplication with 1.10. PMID- 6792697 TI - [Increased von Willebrand activity of low molecular-weight factor VIII following binding to gold granules]. AB - High molecular weight factor VIII was partially reduced with beta mercaptoethanol. Disulfide reduction resulted in progressive dissociation of the multimeric protein with a concomitant decrease in von Willebrand activity. The binding of reduced small factor VIII oligomers to gold particles with an average diameter of 20--25 nm led to marked "activation" of their von Willebrand activity. A similar increase in activity was also observed following adsorption of native small molecular weight forms of factor VIII to gold granules. Binding of initially highly active high molecular weight factor VIII to gold granules resulted in inhibition of von Willebrand activity, probably by formation of superaggregates. The platelet aggregating function of factor VIII in the circulation appears to depend largely on the size of this multimeric protein, which must be in the range of several millions for its maximum expression. PMID- 6792698 TI - [Treatment of hypercalcemia of tumoral origin with two diphosphonates]. AB - Two diphosphonates, EHDP (disodium etidronate, or ethane-hydroxy-diphosphonate) and Cl2MDP (disodium clodronate, or dichloromethylene-diphosphonate) were injected in various doses in 8 patients who had had one or more episodes of malignant hypercalcemia. All patients responded well to the drugs after a time lapse of 2-10 days. Tolerance of the drugs was excellent. EHDP, and especially Cl2MDP, are promising agents for the treatment of hypercalcemia and the inhibition of bone resorption in malignant disorders. PMID- 6792699 TI - [Convulsions after whooping-cough vaccination]. AB - Convulsions or status epilepticus in 11 infants after pertussis vaccination are reported. In 3 cases grand mal epilepsy persisted and 2 children developed infantile epileptic encephalopathy (Lennox syndrome). On the basis of our own experience, the incidence of seizures approximates 1:4800 infants vaccinated or 1:12 800 vaccinations. According to a recent prospective study from the USA, the incidence of seizures may be closer to 1:600 infants. Since there is a significant difference between the incidence of spontaneous fits in children of the same age group and the incidence after vaccination, a causal relationship between the seizures and vaccination appears to be confirmed. The following conclusions are drawn from these observations: 1. In view of the usually benign course of whooping cough today, current vaccination against pertussis is hardly satisfactory. Improvement of the available vaccines is an urgent necessity. The protection should include the population most at risk, i.e. infants during the first few months of life. 2. Parents should be better informed about the risks involved in pertussis vaccination. 3. Booster inoculations should be abandoned. 4. Health authorities should decide whether the current pertussis vaccination program should be continued. 5. Complications following vaccination should be registered at a national centre. PMID- 6792700 TI - [Improved thyroid diagnosis in borderline hyperthyroidism by determination of free T3 index]. AB - The measurements of circulating total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) depend on the concentrations of thyroid hormone binding proteins, especially TBG. A simple approach, the calculation of free T3 index (FT3I) and augmented FT3I (aFT3I) from total T3 and T3-resin uptake, corrects the total serum T3 for variation in thyroid hormone binding capacity. In a group of 95 patients with borderline elevated T3 levels (3.0-4.5 nmol/l) we have correlated the results of FT3I and aFT3I with clinical, biochemical and radioisotope findings: in a subgroup of 23 euthyroid females taking oestrogens (group A1) and in 22 other patients with TBG elevations (independent of oestrogens, group A2) the results for total T3 were within the slightly hyperthyroid range (3.32 +/- 0.3 and 3.26 +/- 0.24 nmol/l respectively), but FT3I was always within the normal range. In contrast, FT3I was clearly elevated in 50 hyperthyroid patients (group B) compared to the total T3 (4.6 +/- 0.6 and 3.9 +/- 0.4 nmol/l respectively). An even better discrimination was obtained by calculation of augmented FT3I. It is concluded that in patients with moderate elevations of T3 the FT3I and aFT3I are capable of distinguishing clearly between the euthyroid and hyperthyroid range. The estimation is thus indicated in all patients with changes in thyroid hormone binding protein concentration and is of great value in confirming or ruling out the diagnosis of T3-toxicosis, T4-toxicosis and in all cases of "preclinical" or borderline hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6792701 TI - [Contagiousness of tuberculosis patients undergoing chemotherapy]. PMID- 6792702 TI - [Bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa in serum and bronchial secretion in patients under continuous infusion of azlocillin]. AB - The azlocillin level and killing activity in serum and bronchial secretions against 10 strains of P. aeruginosa were studied in 7 intubated or tracheotomized patients with severe bronchial infection who were receiving the drug as continuous i.v. infusion. In 5 out of 7 patients azlocillin was absent or present only in traces in bronchial secretions in spite of plasma levels ranging between 170 to 340 micrograms/ml. In the other 3 patients azlocillin levels of 23 and 39 micrograms/ml and moderate bactericidal activity against P. aeruginosa could be detected in bronchial secretions. Penicillinase producing strains of Staph. aureus were isolated from the sputum of the 5 patients with extremely low azlocillin level in bronchial secretions. The strain of Staph. aureus isolated from one patient was shown to destroy azlocillin rapidly. In bronchopulmonary infections, Staph. aureus may not only be directly pathogenic but also interfere with the action of beta-lactamase unstable drugs against other microorganisms. PMID- 6792705 TI - Genes that control development. PMID- 6792703 TI - The genetic programming of industrial microorganisms. PMID- 6792704 TI - The major histocompatibility complex in man. PMID- 6792707 TI - Police seize primates at NIH-funded lab. PMID- 6792706 TI - Atherosclerosis: Prevention by agents not affecting abnormal levels of blood lipids. PMID- 6792708 TI - Immunology of archaebacteria that produce methane gas. AB - The antigenic map of 17 methanogenic bacteria representing the entire range of available species was determined by multiple assay with antibody probes. Four major clusters of antigenically related strains coincide with the females proposed on the basis of 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. Immunological mapping uncovered relationships not yet shown by other methods and allowed identification and classification of two new bacterial isolates. PMID- 6792709 TI - Steady-state relationship of calcium-45 between bone and blood: differences in growing dogs, chicks, and rats. AB - In young animals that had received multiple doses of calcium-45, a constant ratio of calcium-45 specific activity in blood to that in bone was found in growing dogs and chicks but not in rats. This steady-state relationship of calcium-45 between bone and blood suggests that during growth in dogs and chicks most of the skeletal calcium is in an active state of turnover. In growing rats, after the first 2 weeks of life, the blood/bone ratio of calcium-45 decreases due to a decrease in bone resorption. PMID- 6792711 TI - [Induction of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity by administration of 4 nitroquinoline 1-oxide in the drinking water (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792710 TI - Preterm parturition. Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6792712 TI - Cell wall composition in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria. PMID- 6792713 TI - Potassium transport mechanisms by amphibian gallbladder. PMID- 6792714 TI - Role of cytosolic calcium and sodium-calcium exchange in regulation of transepithelial sodium and water absorption. PMID- 6792715 TI - Nitrate-induced transient ischemic attacks. PMID- 6792716 TI - Renovascular hypertension with a neural band across the renal artery in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6792717 TI - Operative results and postoperative progression of ossification among patients with ossification of cervical posterior longitudinal ligament. AB - Although the pathogenesis of ossification of the cervical posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) has not yet been clarified, it has come to be widely recognized that severe cervical myelopathy or radiculopathy is caused by OPLL. Fifty-three cases who were operated on for OPLL with myelopathy or radiculopathy in our clinic over the past 16 years were followed up. A recovery rate of approximately 70% was observed. Postoperative progressions of the ossification were observed among 75% of the cases of continuous and mixed type but seldom among those with segmental and other types. As causative factors for these postoperative progressions of the ossification, the authors would like to advocate biological, structural, and mobility-related elements. We concluded that in the ossified stage it is desirable to apply anterior decompression for the segmental and other type, posterior decompression for the continuous and mixed type, and, if necessary, two-stage combined decompression for the mixed type. PMID- 6792718 TI - Convulsions during epidural anaesthesia. PMID- 6792719 TI - Tuberous sclerosis in the aetiology of the so-called idiopathic epilepsies and psychoses. AB - Ten suspected cases of tuberous sclerosis seen over a period of 4 1/2 years are described. Investigations were carried out in a general practice setting. The place of tuberous sclerosis in the so-called idiopathic and functional psychoses is discussed and an additional aetiological mechanism is postulated. A skin test is suggested to determine the presence of this condition in a shorter period of time. PMID- 6792720 TI - [Anti-T agglutinin in Chagas' disease patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792721 TI - A human cell-surface antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody and controlled by a gene on chromosome 12. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody 602-29, subclass IgG1, that recognizes an antigenic determinant expressed by most human cells is described. Immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis analysis indicate that the antigenic determinant is carried by a protein with an apparent molecular weight of 21,000. The antigen is expressed by human-mouse somatic cell hybrids, and analysis of segregants that have lost human chromosomes indicates that the gene controlling expression of the 602-29 antigen is on chromosome 12. PMID- 6792722 TI - Polydioxanone (PDS), a novel monofilament synthetic absorbable suture. AB - The chemical and biologic properties of a unique, new monofilament suture, polydioxanone, have been described. The inherent flexibility of its polymer allows the polydioxanone suture to be fabricated into a monofilament fiber useful for all sizes of sutures. Polydioxanone suture has greater pliability than polypropylene suture and has greater strength than that of other monofilament sutures. In the body, polydioxanone suture retains its strength for longer periods than other synthetic absorbable sutures--58 per cent versus 1 to 5 per cent at four weeks and 14 per cent versus zero per cent at eight weeks, respectively. It elicits a low order of tissue response and is absorbed by simple hydrolysis. PMID- 6792723 TI - Technique of fixation of silicone elastomer catheters for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6792724 TI - The causes and consequences of hypophosphatemia. PMID- 6792725 TI - How many T cells help one B cell? PMID- 6792728 TI - Acute cerebral revascularization: Part 3. Cerebral blood flow. AB - The efficacy of cerebral revascularization by a superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery anastomosis done 4 and 24 hours following combined occlusion of the middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries (MCA/ICA) was tested in 15 dogs. An untreated and a sham-operated group of 8 and 5 dogs, respectively, controlled possible intercurrent variables. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the hydrogen clearance method. Values of normal and preocclusion blood flow under basal conditions and following inhalation of 5% CO2 were similar to values reported by other researchers. Combined MCA/ICA occlusion produced a significant drop in rCBF in the ipsilateral hemisphere (p less than 0.01). The rCBF returned to normal following revascularization in 4 and 24 hours, and after the sham procedure. The rCBF response to inhalation of 5% CO2 was normal in the revascularized group, but was reversed (p less than 0.01) in the sham group. The reversal of flow in the sham group suggested that loss of cerebral autoregulation and steal of blood flow in the infarcted area occurred. PMID- 6792729 TI - The effect of nutritional support on immune competency in patients suffering from trauma, sepsis, or malignant disease. AB - Thirty-nine patients, 25 of whom were suffering from trauma, sepsis, or malignant disease, were studied prospectively to determine the immunologic value of improved protein-calorie balance in this setting. All were suffering from varying degrees of malnutrition, and 72% (P less than 0.05) of the patients with anergy inducing disease processes were anergic at the time of evaluation. In the presence of disease-induced anergy, skin test reactivity was not helpful in measuring the therapeutic response to nutritional support; among severely wasted patients, significant elevations in absolute lymphocyte count and serum albumin suggest that these are useful parameters when following the severely wasted patient who has concomitant trauma, sepsis, or malignant disease. PMID- 6792726 TI - In vitro antibody response of human lymphocytes. PMID- 6792730 TI - A rationale for enteral feeding as the preferable route for hyperalimentation. PMID- 6792731 TI - Management of lateral duodenal fistulas: a study of fourteen cases. AB - Fourteen patients with lateral duodenal fistulas were treated over an 8-year period. Fistulas occurred after abdominal trauma (7) or as complications of operations for peptic ulcer (4) and biliary tract disease (3). Six patients with posttraumatic fistulas had had a delay of longer than 24 hours in recognition of the initial duodenal injury. Immediate correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances, aggressive control of infection with surgical drainage and antibiotics, localization of the fistulous discharge, and early total parenteral nutrition were paramount in treatment. Ten patients had fistulas that persisted despite these measures; they required definitive operation. Surgical treatment consisted largely of diversion and decompression of the involved duodenum (8 patients); duodenorrhaphy reinforced with a jejunal serosal patch and resection of the involved bowel was done once each. Definitive operations performed in the presence of uncontrolled infection and with inadequate duodenal decompression were followed by fistula recurrence (3 patients). There was one fistula-related death (a 7% mortality rate). These results suggest that (1) lateral duodenal fistulas have a low rate of spontaneous closure; (2) when maximal nonoperative management fails, operative diversion and decompression of the duodenum can simplify management and reduce the mortality rate; and (3) definitive therapy is best reserved for situations in which infection is controlled. PMID- 6792732 TI - Management of abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor. AB - The abdominal hemophilic pseudotumor is a rare but frequently disabling and life threatening complication in patients with severe hemophilia. Our patients were observed for a considerable period of time to document progressive enlargement of the pseudotumor and increasing disability from severe pain, nerve compression, or leg swelling. The decision to operate was made on the basis of incapacitating symptomatology or fear of impending rupture. Although the complications resulting from operation may be major, with the current availability of large amounts of factor VIII and activated prothrombin complex concentrate, excision of this lesion can be performed without concern for the hazard of uncontrollable hemorrhage. Late recurrence of the pseudotumor may necessitate further operative management. PMID- 6792727 TI - Helper and suppressor T cell factors. PMID- 6792733 TI - [The effect of an enzyme-containing toothpaste on recurrent aphthae]. PMID- 6792734 TI - [Dental care needs for long term patients in Ystad]. PMID- 6792735 TI - [Unusual course of hyperglycemic coma]. PMID- 6792737 TI - A survey of 215 non-hemophilic patients with inhibitors to Factor VIII. AB - Information was obtained by questionnaire about 215 non-hemophilic patients who developed inhibitors against factor VIII (antihemophilic factor). The majority of the patients were over 50 years of age, and approximately equal numbers of males and females were reported. Rheumatoid arthritis was present in 8% of the cases, 7% occurred during pregnancy or the post-partum period, and in several there was an association with allergy to penicillin, asthma, "auto-immune" diseases, or malignancy. In 46% of cases, no underlying disorders were identified. Major bleeding was observed in 87% of patients, and in 22%, death was attributed either directly or indirectly to the presence of the inhibitor. In 11 of 31 patients receiving no therapy other than supportive transfusions of blood or factor VIII concentrate, the inhibitor disappeared after being present for an average duration of 14 months. Corticosteroids were thought to be effective in abolishing the inhibitor in 22 of 45 patients in whom these were the only drugs administered. Twenty-eight patients received azathioprine as well as corticosteroids; in 19, the inhibitor declined or disappeared during treatment. Finally, 80 patients were treated with cyclophosphamide; in 37 there was a favorable outcome. Inhibitors in children and post-partum patients were more likely to disappear spontaneously or with steroid therapy, whereas those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other "autoimmune" disorders required treatment with alkylating agents. However, before any specific therapy can be recommended for this disorder, prospective trials of potential therapeutic agents should be conducted in selected subgroups. PMID- 6792736 TI - Systemic absorption of noxythiolin from the pleural cavity in man and in the rabbit. AB - Systemic side-effects during irrigation of body cavities with the antiseptic noxythiolin (Noxyflex) have not previously been reported. In two patients undergoing intrapleural lavage with 1% noxythiolin, anorexia and nausea with or without vomiting were observed which suggested systemic absorption. This was confirmed by chemical assays of serum from these patients. The process of absorption was studied in rabbits by injection of noxythiolin into the pleural or peritoneal cavity. Serum levels reached a peak at one to two hours indicating rapid entry into the bloodstream, declined slowly over seven hours, and reached zero before 24 hours. Although side-effects resulted from systemic absorption of noxythiolin during irrigation of the pleural cavity, they were mild and did not contra-indicate the use of noxythiolin as an irrigant. Awareness of the mechanism of side-effects of noxythiolin provides a rational basis for management of symptoms through reduction of the volume or frequency of irrigation. PMID- 6792738 TI - Von Willebrand activity of low molecular weight human Factor VIII increases by binding to gold granules. AB - Human factor VIII/von Willebrand protein is a population of multimers which vary in size but contain apparently identical subunits. Large-molecular-weight forms possess higher ristocetin cofactor/von Willebrand activity than the native smaller oligomers. Disulfide reduction of large factor VIII multimers results in progressively decreasing molecular size and a loss of ristocetin cofactor activity. Small molecular forms of factor VIII were adsorbed onto gold granules (average diameter 20-30 nm) and thereby increased their ristocetin cofactor activity. The amount of adsorbed material and the extent of activation were dependent on the pH of the coiled suspension. The maximum recovery of von Willebrand activity was observed at pH 4.75. Aggregation of fixed human platelets by factor VIII-coated gold particles was dependent on ristocetin concentration and was not competitively inhibited by unbound low-molecular-weight factor VIII. These results suggest that the subunits of the native small factor VIII species possess potential binding affinity for platelet receptors, which is manifested following formation of large factor VIII polymers. We conclude that an optimal size of remarkably high molecular weight is required for efficient aggregation of platelets by factor VIII as occurs during the primary phase of hemostasis. PMID- 6792739 TI - Studies on human factor VIII and its antibodies using radiolabelling and affinity chromatography. AB - An immuno-affinity chromatography methods was used to isolated human factor VIII and its antibodies and the mechanism of the affinity system was investigated using iodine labelling. Rabbit antibodies to human factor VIII were insolubilised onto CNBr - activated Sepharose 2B which was used for the preparation of affinity columns. Both VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag were adsorbed onto such columns from factor VIII preparations. The subsequent application of immunoglobulin preparations containing human antibodies to factor VIII resulted in the adsorption of these antibodies onto the columns. Adsorbed material was eluted from the affinity columns with 0.2 M glycine - HCl, pH 2.3. When 125I-labelled factor VIII and 131I labelled human antibodies to factor VII were used in this affinity system, the eluted material could be separated into three fractions by gel filtration on Bio Gel A 1.5 m. Fraction 1 occurred at the void volume position, fraction 3 at a position corresponding to the elution position of IgG and fraction 2 at an intermediate position. 131I-labelled material was present in all three peaks. 125I-labelled material was present mainly in peak 1, with a little in peak 2. The results support the view that VIIIR:Ag, which binds heterologous antibodies, is non-covalently linked to a smaller subunit, VIII:C, which binds homologous antibodies. PMID- 6792740 TI - Heterogeneity of molecular size of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in von Willbrand's disease. AB - Patterns of VIIIR:AG in the plasma and its fractions, cryoprecipitate and cryosupernatant, from various types of von Willebrand's disease (vWd) were observed by SDS 1.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis - cross immunoelectrophoresis (SDS PAGE - CIE). VIIIR:AG in normal cryoprecipitate showed several precipitin peaks which correspond to molecular weights ranging from 8 X 10(5) to 1 X 10(7) daltons and are similar to those in normal plasma. Normal cryosupernatant VIIIR:AG gave smaller molecular weights from 8 X 10(5) to 2 X 10(6) daltons. VIIIR:AG in the plasma and cryoprecipitate from 2 patients with classical vWd gave low precipitin peaks with molecular weights in normal range. VIIIR:AG from 2 patients with subgroup A variant which showed fast anodal migration on the conventional CIE, presented 3 peaks with molecular weight of 8 X 10(5) to 3 X 10(6) which are similar to those in normal cryosupernatant. VIIIR:AG from 2 patients with subgroup B variant which showed normal migration on the CIE, gave normal patterns through all fractions. PMID- 6792741 TI - Acquired haemophilia: functional study of antibodies to Factor VIII. AB - Factor VIII complex and its interaction with antibodies to factor VIII have been studied in 17 non-haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor. Low VIII:C and high VIIIR:Ag levels were found in all patients. VIII:WF levels were 50% of those of VIIIR:Ag, possibly related to an increase of poorly aggregated and electrophoretically fast moving VIIIR:Ag oligomers. Antibody function has been characterized by kinetics of VIII:C inactivation, saturability by normal plasma and the slope of the affinity curve. Two major patterns were observed: 1) Antibodies from 6 patients behaved similarly to those from haemophiliacs by showing second order inhibition kinetics, easy saturability and steep affinity slope (greater than 1). 2) Antibodies from other patients, usually with lower titres, inactivated VIII:C according to complex order kinetics, were not saturable, and had a less steep affinity slope (less than 0.7). In native plasma, or after mixing with factor VIII concentrate, antibodies of the second group did not form immune complexes with the whole factor VIII molecular complex. However, dissociation procedures did release some antibodies from apparently low molecular weight complexes formed in vivo or in vitro. For appropriate management of non haemophilic patients with factor VIII inhibitor, it is important to determine the functional properties of their antibodies to factor VIII. PMID- 6792742 TI - Influence of incubation time and temperature on indium-111-oxide uptake by human platelets. PMID- 6792743 TI - [Unnecessary renal angiographies. A discussion of hospital economics]. PMID- 6792745 TI - Blood chemistry alterations in rats after single and multiple gavage administration of polychlorinated biphenyl. PMID- 6792744 TI - [Para-articular ossification in spinal cord lesions. Therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6792746 TI - 4-Vinylphenol excretion suggestive of arene oxide formation in workers occupationally exposed to styrene. PMID- 6792747 TI - Effect of monocrotaline ingestion on liver, kidney, and lung of rats. PMID- 6792749 TI - The effect of ionophore A23187 and calcium on carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity in cultured rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6792748 TI - Alterations in drug-metabolizing enzymes during feeding of the carcinogen 2 aminoanthraquinone. PMID- 6792750 TI - Effects of cadmium on Drosophila: toxicity, proteins, and transfer RNAs. PMID- 6792751 TI - Rh antibodies after kidney transplantation. PMID- 6792752 TI - Aspergillus granuloma of the paranasal sinuses and bronchi in Malawi. AB - Ten cases of aspergillus granuloma of the paranasal sinuses and two of the bronchi are described from Malawi. The former usually present and are diagnosed as a malignant tumour. The histopathological features and differential diagnoses are discussed. PMID- 6792753 TI - [Comparative study of the action of phytohemagglutinin on DNA fluorescence in the lymphocytes of women with physiological pregnancy and in threatened abortion]. AB - The dynamics of the DNA binding with rivanol-SO2 in lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin is investigated in women with normal and complicated pregnancy. It is established that the ability to bind rivanol-SO2 by DNA in the women with a habitual abortion and a threat of pregnancy interruption is reduced in lymphocytes under a 72-hour cultivation as compared with a 24-hour one. This phenomenon was not observed in women with a physiological course of pregnancy. PMID- 6792754 TI - beta-Lactamase activity in slow-growing nonpigmented mycobacteria and their sensitivity to certain beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - It has been reported that certain nonpigmented, slow-growing mycobacteria do not have a constitutive beta-lactamase and are more sensitive to benzyl penicillin than M. tuberculosis. Thirty-nine isolates of these organisms, most of them belonging to the M. avium-intracellulare complex, were found to be sensitive to less than 10 micrograms of benzyl penicillin per ml in vitro. Approximately half of these isolates were inhibited by 1 microgram per ml. By contrast of 32 isolates of M. tuberculosis, only one was inhibited by 10 micrograms of benzyl penicillin. Sensitivity studies with cephalothin yielded similar results. Analysis of beta-lactamase activity in some of these species showed no activity, confirming earlier observations of this deficit. PMID- 6792755 TI - Mathematical study of the contamination phenomenon in the culture of tubercle bacilli. AB - This paper demonstrates that when 'spot' specimens of sputum are cultured for tubercle bacilli on Lowenstein-Jensen medium, bacterial contamination occurs at random and follows a Poisson distribution. Over a period of 14 years, contamination rates with overnight 'collection' specimens (4.5 to 10.2%) were substantially higher than with spot specimens (1.3 to 4.0%), but the correlation between the two was very high (r = 0.98). In contrast to spot specimens, the incidence of contamination with collection specimens was significantly higher for females than for males, and significant variation was also found between patients of the same sex. In consequence, the Poisson distribution, which assumes a constant contamination rate for all patients, did not provide a satisfactory fit to the data on collection specimens. However, a negative binomial distribution, which incorporates individual variability in contamination rate, provided a good fit. The reasons for individual variability are discussed. PMID- 6792756 TI - Immunological and clinical features of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in East Java. AB - The immunological and clinical features of 90 Javanese patients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis were investigated. Many of the patients had advanced disease at the time of diagnosis and haemoptysis was common, especially in patients with cavitating lesions. Most patients had a significant elevation of one or more non-specific indicators of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, third complement component, factor B and C-reactive protein). Rheumatoid factor was detected in 21% of the patients and was significantly associated with high levels of antibodies to M. tuberculosis in the IgM class. Five distinct responses were elicited by tuberculin testing; the most marked occurred at 24 hours. The degree of reaction at 6-8 hours correlated significantly with the levels of specific antibodies in the IgG and IgA classes and the 48 hour response correlated, although less markedly, with specific antibodies in the IgG class. Neither the degree of skin test reactivity nor the level of specific antimycobacterial antibodies correlated with the extent of disease as assessed radiologically. Nine per cent of the patients were skin-test negative at 48 hours but did not differ clinically, as a group, from tuberculin positive patients. It was not possible to place the cases in a spectrum of immunological responses similar to that occurring in leprosy and it is postulated that this is due to differences in the relevance to protection of the various immunological mechanisms in the two diseases. The need to establish more rigorous criteria for assessing the immune responses in tuberculosis and for studying the interactions between the protective and non-protective reactions is stressed. PMID- 6792757 TI - Tuberculin dual testing in Panama. AB - A total of 137 adult Panamanians were skin-tested with 2 standard tuberculins (PPD-S and PPD-T) and 3 antigens prepared from atypical mycobacteria: PPD-B (Battey), PPD-Y (M. kansasii), and PPD-X (M. xenopi). PPD-T elicited fewer doubtful reactions than PPD-S. Both PPD-B and PPD-X, when used as antigens in dual testing, greatly reduced the number of doubtful reactions. PMID- 6792758 TI - Small size T4 breast cancer. Natural history and prognosis. AB - The clinical records of 66 patients with T4 (for skin infiltration or ulceration) breast cancer not larger than 5 cm treated with primary radiotherapy at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan from 1968 through 1977 were reviewed. The tumor measured no more than 3 cm in 19 patients and 3-5 cm in 47 patients. In the first group axillary involvement was lower (32% vs 55%) and mean age was older (68 years vs 58). Thirty-four patients were irradiated with orthovoltage and 32 with cobalt, at full doses. In 22 of 66 patients (33.3%) a Halsted radical mastectomy was carried out after completion of radiotherapy. No medical treatment was planned. The incidence of locoregional and distant metastases was the same in both groups of patients, but that of patients with smaller T4 (up to 3 cm) demonstrated a better prognosis in terms of absolute survival at 5 years (71.3% vs 34.7%). T4 breast cancer of 3-5 cm had very poor results quite similar to those of historical large series of T4 carcinomas of any size; therefore they should be treated by the same aggressive combined modality approach adopted for locally advanced breast cancer. On the contrary, small T4, up to 3 cm, in older women could be treated by tumorectomy followed by radiotherapy at full doses; systemic medical therapy (hormonal manipulation or chemotherapy) should be decided according to endocrine receptor investigation and general conditions. PMID- 6792759 TI - [Out-patient mastectomy. Organization and economics]. PMID- 6792760 TI - [Factor VIII inhibitor in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6792761 TI - [Intravenous nitroglycerine. Mode of action and range of use]. PMID- 6792762 TI - [Mucocele and diverticulosis of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 6792763 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child: preoperative x-ray diagnosis. PMID- 6792764 TI - Bladder papilloma: therapeutic and cost effect of outpatient department management. AB - Management of patients with benign papilloma of the bladder was reviewed for the calendar year 1979. Thirty-six patients (average age sixty-six years) were cystoscoped 113 times with 77 fulgurations. Over-all follow-up of these 36 patients averaged 8.2 years with a range of one to thirty-five years. In 5 patients (13.4 per cent) progressive disease developed: 1 invasive tumor requiring cystectomy, 2 Stage A lesions treated by transurethral resection, and 2 bilateral ureteral and renal pelvic papillomatosis with local bladder control. The average outpatient department (OPD) cost per patient in 1979 for management was $322.80 and for inpatient management $1,785.25. The over-all cost savings for 1979 was $112,608.65 among the patients treated for recurrence on an OPD basis. Outpatient management of benign bladder papilloma is a well-tolerated, therapeutically cost effective measure and is recommended. PMID- 6792765 TI - [Introduction of bovine hypodermiasis (Hypoderma bovis) with the importation of Hereford cattle from Canada]. AB - The infestation by warble-fly (Hypoderma bovis /De Geer/) larvae was observed in Hereford cattle imported from Canada to Czechoslovakia in the autumn 1974. A risk of introducing hypodermosis in the areas where it had been eradicated occurred after a several-year persistence of such foci of the disease. The original infestation of the imported cows corresponded to the invasion extensity of 22 to 45% and invasion intensity of 1.9 and 3.7 larvae. There were observed no differences in the degree of infestation in cattle from different regions of Canada. In the subsequent years the invasion extensity in heifers was 52% the invasion intensity was four larvae. To control hypodermosis, Czechoslovak chemicals Arpalit-Spray and Hypocide were applied to Hereford cattle. In the West Bohemian Region cattle was treated with the chemical Arpalit-Spray in spring for three years to eradicate hypodermosis in the Tachov and Susice districts. A good result was obtained after the treatment in May during the maximum occurrence of larvae in bulges under the skin, the treatment in June was late and inefficient. In the Central Slovakian Region, Dolny Kubin district, hypodermosis was eradicated in Hereford cattle by a repeated treatment with Hypocide in autumn. The control of hypodermosis in Hereford cattle in the Prievidza district failed. In 1979 the invasion extensity in heifers was 25-100%, the invasion intensity was 2 to 25 larvae. Cattle transferred from this herd to the Lucenec, Presov and Gottwaldov districts were also infested. In the Gottwaldov district in the South Moravian Region all infested cows were treated with Arpalit-Spray in the summer 1979. PMID- 6792766 TI - [Epizootiology of bovine cysticercosis in the Jindrichuv Hradec District]. AB - The results of the study of the epidemiology and epizootology of Taenia saginata in the Jindrichuv Hradec district indicate that this tapeworm species has adapted successfully to anthropogenic conditions. Mass occurrence of bovine cysticercosis, coming from a limited source, was observed in the Jindrichuv Hradec district. Our of the 907 employees of one farm, T. saginata was found in two workers engaged in animal production and in one person working in crop production. Their recovery resulted in the eradication of cysticercosis in the cattle kept on that farm; before eradication the disease was responsible for losses of several hundreds of thousands of crowns. PMID- 6792767 TI - [Bovine leptospirosis in the South Bohemian Region]. AB - In the years 1976 to 1979, 10 345 blood samples of clinically healthy cattle and aborting cows were examined; 11% of the samples contained positive antibody titers to L. grippotyphosa (7% in non-aborting cows, 3.2% in non-aborting heifers, 12% in aborting cows, 8% in aborting heifers). The samplings were repeated within the range of three weeks to three months: the antibody titer increased in 11.8% of samples, 10.9% of samples were unchanged and in 77.2% of samples the titers dropped. Out of 9918 blood samples taken after abortion, the titer 1 :800 for L. grippotyphosa occurred 269 times, titer 1 :1600 192 times, 1 :3200 61 times, 1 :6400 22 times, 1 :12800 10 times, 1 : 25 600 occurred twice. Most of the positive titers were recorded in March - 16%, in September, October and November it was about 14% and in the other months the value was still lower. In stables with a greater per cent of the positive titers of antibodies to L. grippotyphosa, mastitis of obscure etiology occurred, along with abortions at the end and beginning of gravidity. During incidental slaughters in slaughter-houses nephritis from parenchymatous to interstitial form was observed in seven cows with the titers higher than 1 :1600; the nephritis was accompanied by granular adipose dystrophies and numerous infarcts in kidneys, the bacteriological picture was negative. PMID- 6792768 TI - [Analysis of aflatoxin Ml in fresh milk]. AB - Seventy-seven samples of cow's milk were examined by the method after Stubble field (1979) for the presence fo aflatoxin M1; 34 of these samples came directly from farms and 43 were mixed, being taken from tank trucks. Aflatoxin M1 was found in five samples from farms and in none of the mixed samples. In the positive cases, concentrations were determined semiquantitatively and were found to range from a trace amount up to 0.38 microgram aflatoxin M1 per litre of milk. Hence the aflatoxin M1 concentration levels never exceeded tha admissible limit value. PMID- 6792769 TI - [Microbiological study of fresh and refrigerated meat products manufactured by REMA]. AB - Fresh meat semi-finished food REMA was demonstrated to be highly contaminated by bacteria. In more than 50% of the samples of most kinds of the examined fresh semi-finished food, the total counts of mesophile microorganisms (CPM) exceeded the internationally admissible limit for human consumption, i. e. 10(5) per g microorganisms. The greatest differences in the microorganism counts in fresh and stored samples were found in CPM and in the counts of psychrotolerant microorganisms. The counts of CPM and psychrotolerant microorganisms were differentiated and ranged from 10(5) per g to 10(13) per g when the first organoleptic symptoms of spoilage appeared. The organoleptic symptoms of spoilage of REMA semi-finished food are promoted by mesophile microorganisms which can grow also at the temperature of +4 degree C. No salmonellae with selective multiplication were observed in any sample. PMID- 6792770 TI - [Histopathological changes in myxosomosis in rainbow trout]. AB - Rainbow trout, caught in a pond 25, 45 and 48 days from releasing, were studied for histopathological changes. Protozoan activity destroys the basal matter of the hypertrophic cartilage. The chondral tissue around plasmodium reacts by showing an increased basophilia and by chondrocytal reaction. The plasmodia tend to spread spherically, but the spreading is prevented by compact bone, connective tissue, or hardened cartilage with flattened chondrocytes. One host can bear one plasmodium or more plasmodia, up to the possibility of a generalized process. The host organism reacts to the destructive changes caused by the protozoan by letting its connective tissue cells grow into the cavities produced by the protozoan, into the plasmodia of the protozoan and into the destruction line; thus the protozoan is separated from the nutrition base. The connective tissue enters the lesion via a hole in compact bone or via a fissure between bone and cartilage. Circulation and blood elements were not found to be present in the penetrating connective tissue. The bone tissue reacts to the presence of the protozoan by thickening the periosteum. Mature spores in the lesions by the protozoan are reduced with host age. PMID- 6792771 TI - Colonic ganglioneuroma. Report of a case in a patient with neurofibromatosis, multiple colonic adenomas and adenocarcinoma. AB - A 73 year old woman with cutaneous neurofibromatosis developed colonic carcinoma. The resected colon also contained multiple tubular adenomas and a polypoid ganglioneuroma. Multiple neurofibromas were seen during the operation over the serosal surface of the small intestine. Other cases of colonic ganglioneuromas and of combined neurogenic and epithelial colonic tumours are reviewed. PMID- 6792772 TI - [Acute hepatitis A and hepatitis non-A, non-B]. PMID- 6792773 TI - [Increase in DNAase activity in rat urine after intraperitoneal administration of DNAases]. AB - After intraperitoneal administration of DNAase into rats maximal increase in the enzymatic activity was observed in urine within 3-4 hrs. This suggests the ability of DNAase to penetrate through cell barriers without a loss of its biological activity. The importance of the phenomenon is discussed considering possible use of DNAases as protector of the body against heterologous nucleic acids. PMID- 6792774 TI - [Content of alpha 2-glycoprotein, related to pregnancy, in donor blood serum]. AB - Content of alpha 2-glycoprotein, related to pregnancy, was studied in blood of donors of different age, blood groups and its Rh factor content. Concentration of the glycoprotein was increased in the blood of aged donors; also there was a correlation with the blood groups. The Rh factor presence did not affect the alpha 2-glycoprotein concentration. PMID- 6792775 TI - [Biotransformation of ftorafur]. AB - Biotransformation of ftorafir (FT) was studied using 2-14C-ftorafur and 2;5'-14C ftorafur. Both pyrimidine and tetrahydrofurane moieties of the FT underwent degradation to CO2 in rats. The cleavage of the pseudoglycosidic bonds C-N and formation of 5-fluorouracil was one of the steps of the FT metabolism that limited the velocity of the whole biotransformation process. Liver tissue NADPH linked monooxygenating system was shown to participate in the process. The data obtained suggest that the role of enzymes involved in metabolism of nucleic acids was not significant in the FT metabolism under the conditions studied in vivo. PMID- 6792776 TI - [Immunochemical study of the embryonal prealbumin-2 (EPA-2) in embryonal and adult human tissues]. AB - Embryonal prealbumin-2 /EPA-2/ was shown to be a protein, which was actively synthesized in fetus during embryogenesis. The highest content of EPA-2 was found in soft fetal tissues; this suggesting that the protein synthesis occurred in organs of mesodermal origin. To the moment of delivery the content of EPA-2 in fetus was distinctly decreased and the protein was not detected using the immunodiffusion technique in blood serum of adult persons, i e. the EPA-2 synthesis was markedly reduced. Low content of EPA-2 was observed in human gastrointestinal tract, locomotive system, spleen and skin tissues. The EPA-2 synthesis was increased distinctly in malignant tumors, especially, of connective tissue, whereas in tumors of epithelial tissue the content of EPA-2 often depended on presence of connective tissue elements. PMID- 6792777 TI - [Apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E as well as high density lipoproteins in blood of persons with dis-alpha-lipoproteinemias]. AB - Content of apo A-I constitute 136 mg/100 ml, of apo A-II--64 mg/100 ml and of apo E--10 mg/100 ml in blood plasma of 20--60 years old men with normal concentration of cholesterol (alpha-CS) in blood. In the patients with hyper-alpha lipoproteinemia (alpha-CS was above 76 mg per 100 ml) concentrations of apo A-I and apo A-II were distinctly higher (173 and 71 mg per 100 ml, respectively) and that of apo E--was lower (8 mg per 100 ml) as compared with the healthy persons. Under the conditions of hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia (alpha-CS was below 37 mg per 100 ml) the contents of apo A-I and apo A-II were decreased down to 116 and 50 mg per 100 ml, respectively, and that of apo E--increased up to 12 mg per 100 ml. Concentration of the total fraction of high density lipoproteins (LPHD), LPHD2 and their subfraction LPHD2a and LPHD2b was also distinctly increased in hyper alpha-lipoproteinemia; it was decreased in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia, while the LPHD3 content was slightly altered in blood plasma. The capacity of LPHD to transfer of CS appears to increase in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemia and to decrease in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemia. As shown by correlation analysis, metabolism of LPHD3 occurred independently from the other LPHD subfractions. PMID- 6792778 TI - [Tropomyosins in human muscular and non-muscular tissue]. AB - Tropomyosin was isolated from human heart and skeletal muscles, liver, kidney and lung tissues. The subunit composition and relative molecular mass of tropomyosins were studied using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The tropomyosin from heart muscle migrated as a homogenous zone and had a relative molecular mass of 34,000 daltons. The tropomyosin from skeletal muscles was separated into two zones containing polypeptides of 47,200 and 35,000 daltons. Proteins from nonmuscular tissues constituted two fractions with relative molecular mass of 35,000 and 29,000 daltons. alpha-Chains of tropomyosins in various human tissues were similar to each other as shown using immunodiffusion procedure. PMID- 6792779 TI - [Impairment of glycerophosphate and glycerol turnover in myocardium under conditions of experimental pancreatitis]. AB - Initial steps of the experimental pancreatitis were characterized by an increase in glycerophosphate accumulation as well as in activity of glycerokinase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol dehydrogenase; content of free glycerol and dihydroacetone phosphate was also increased. Within the subsequent periods the patterns studied exhibited normalization except of glycerokinase and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity of which was distinctly decreased as compared with the controls. PMID- 6792780 TI - [Effect of a single administration of hydrocortisone within various periods of a day on the incorporation of the labeled precursor into nuclear proteins of intact rat liver]. AB - A single administration of hydrocortisone within various periods of a day led to distinct and dissimilar alterations in distribution of 14C-lysine in erythrocytes, blood plasma and in liver tissue homogenates. The hydrocortisone injection also changed the synthesis of nuclear proteins, especially during the day time. The ability of cell-targets to accept the hormonal signal depended on the functional state of cell chromatin, which is responsible for realization of the signal effect. PMID- 6792781 TI - [Concentration of lipids and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E in blood plasma of men with chronic alcoholism]. AB - Content of lipids and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E was studied in blood plasma of patients with chronic alcoholism under conditions of alcoholic abstinence syndrome and remission. Concentration of total cholesterol was higher by 10% in patients with alcoholic abstinence syndrome as compared with the control group of patients studied at the state of remission. Content of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins was increased up to 76.7 mg/100 ml as compared with 45.7 mg/100 ml in the controls. The increase in cholesterol content was accompanied by elevation in concentration of apo A-I from 132 to 169 mg/100 ml, whereas the content of apo A-II was increased by 9.2 mg/100 ml. In the patients the content of apo E tended to decrease. Content of triglycerides was increased by 20-25% in blood. All the alterations in concentration of lipids and apolipoproteins returned to the normal level after 3-4 weeks of abstinence from alcohol intake. The increase in content of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins and of these lipoproteins was apparently due to stimulation of these substances formation and inhibition of their catabolism in liver tissue impaired with alcohol. PMID- 6792782 TI - [Biochemical diagnosis of glomerular and tubulo-interstitial impairments of kidney]. AB - Using polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis in presence of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) urinary proteins were studied in apparently healthy persons, in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis, chronic interstitial nephritis as well as in patients with myeloma, urine of which contained monoclonic light chains of immunoglobulins. SDS polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis is a suitable procedure for differential diagnosis of glomerular and tubulo interstitial impairments of kidney. In some cases the procedure enables to ascertain not only the type but also severity of the kidney impairment as well as to study dynamics of the disease without a recourse to such invasive methods as kidney biopsy. PMID- 6792783 TI - [Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the DNA content in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas]. PMID- 6792785 TI - Referral service for nursing home staff developed by mental health center. PMID- 6792784 TI - Hepatitis B and non-A, non-B in a Swedish blood center during 10 years of HBsAg screening. AB - In spite of routine screening for HBsAg by a sensitive radioimmunoassay, some cases of posttransfusion hepatitis B still occur. The frequency in the Gothenburg Blood Center is 1 clinical case per 10,000 bloods units transfused. About the same incidence has been noted for clinically overt cases of hepatitis non-A, non B. In contrast to findings reported by others, the latter incidence has been rather stable over the last 5 years. PMID- 6792786 TI - The future of health planning. PMID- 6792787 TI - Focus: leadership development through professional organizations. PMID- 6792788 TI - Nurse, where are you? PMID- 6792789 TI - Adult respiratory distress syndrome complicating diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6792790 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation with Survimed in surgical patients]. PMID- 6792791 TI - [Case of post-transfusion shock caused by alloimmunization with antigens E and Duffy (Fya)]. PMID- 6792792 TI - [Functional and hormonal differences between group I and group II amenorrhoea (WHO classification) (author's transl)]. AB - 77 amenorrhoeic women were classified as responding positively or negatively to clomiphene. The results of iterative LRH tests and studying feed-back reactions to steroid administration showed that the two collectives strictly correspond to groups I and II of the WHO classification of amenorrhoea. The LH response to the LRH test was significantly higher in group II than in group I, while there was no difference between the two groups in the FSH response. Oestradiol 17 beta was significantly higher in group II than in group I, but both groups showed a significant increase in E2 three hours after the LRH test. The possible mechanisms of LH production and pool formation, as well as FSH regulatory factors are discussed. This paper demonstrates that clomiphene appears to be ideally suited as a test substance for the classification of amenorrhoea according to its degree of severity. PMID- 6792793 TI - [Therapeutic results in ovarian cancer after replacement of conventional radiotherapy by Co-60 irradiation (author's transl)]. AB - The use of Co-60 screen and pendular irradiation instead of conventional radiotherapy has brought about an improvement in the 5-year survival rate in patients with more advanced stages of ovarian cancer. Although the general side effects of Co-60 irradiation are considered to be more unpleasant than those of X ray and radium therapy, severe, reversible or irreversible damage to the urogenital tract and intestinal organs was diminished by accurate planning of Co 60 therapy, so that these complications occurred less frequently than with conventional radiotherapy. PMID- 6792794 TI - Rapid laboratory techniques for the diagnosis of viral infections. PMID- 6792795 TI - Health effects of combined exposures in the work environment. Report of a WHO expert committee. PMID- 6792796 TI - Education and training in occupational health, safety, and ergonomics. Eighth report of the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health. PMID- 6792798 TI - [Application of new guidelines the prevention and control of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6792797 TI - Response of a wild type and a non-nitrogen-fixing mutant of Anabaena doliolum towards different amino acids. AB - The effects of various amino acids on growth and heterocyst differentiation have been studied on wild type and a heterocystous, non-nitrogen-fixing (het+ nif-) mutant of Anabaena doliolum. Glutamine, arginine and asparagine showed maximum stimulation of growth. Serine, proline and alanine elicited slight stimulation of growth of wild type but failed to show any stimulatory effect on mutant strain. Valine, glutamic acid, iso-leucine and leucine at a concentration of as low as 0.1 mM were inhibitory to growth of parent type. Methionine, aspartic acid, threonine, cysteine, and tryptophan did not affect growth at concentrations lower than 0.5 mM. But at 1 mM, these amino acids were inhibitory. In addition to the stimulatory effects of glutamine, arginine and asparagine, the heterocyst frequency was also repressed by these amino acids. Glutamine and arginine at 2 mM completely repressed heterocyst differentiation in the mutant strain; however, other amino acids failed to repress the differentiation of heterocysts. Our results suggest that glutamine and arginine are utilized as nitrogen sources. This is strongly supported from the data of growth and heterocyst differentiation of mutant strain, where at least with glutamine there is good growth without heterocyst formation. Studies with glutamine and arginine on other N2-fixing blue green algae may reveal the regulation of the heterocyst-nitrogenase sub-system. PMID- 6792799 TI - [Importance of lipid metabolism in dermatology]. PMID- 6792800 TI - [Type I diabetes: pathogenesis of the microangiopathy and the therapeutic imperative of "euglycemia"]. PMID- 6792801 TI - [Measurement of blood pressure in the pulmonary artery during an attack of asthma]. AB - 22 patients with asthma attacks were examined by microcatheter and the pressure in the pulmonary artery (PAP) was measured. The bronchial obstruction is characterized by decrease of FEV 1.0 (average mean 44% of the vital capacity). The average pressures in the pulmonary artery change from 12 to 32 Torr (1.5 kPa to 4.2 kPa) during asthma attacks. Average of the PAP mean 20 Torr (2.7 kPa). The examination was completed by application of 0.24 g aminophylline via the catheter. Decrease of the PAP of 4.1 Torr (0.5 kPa) led also to a decrease of wheezing. In 9 patients an additional decrease of the PAP was effected by the application of 0.8 mg nitroglycerin. PMID- 6792802 TI - [Peripheral thyroid function and TRH-TSH test in patients with acromegaly]. AB - In 11 patients with acromegaly the peripheral thyroid hormones were determined and a TRH-TSH-test was carried out. Depending on the result of the determination of the growth hormone the patients were classified into two groups (active and inactive acromegaly). The serum thyroxin level and the T3-binding capacity were normal. Only in a few patients decreased triiodotyronine levels were found. Independent of the degree of activity of the acromegaly positive as well as negative TRH-TSH-tests were found. The struma in patients with acromegaly which is frequently to be observed seems to be in a causal connection with this disease. The examination show altogether that the control of the function of the thyroid gland and the TRH-TSH-test do not deliver an essential contribution for the diagnostics of acromegaly itself. PMID- 6792803 TI - [Parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6792804 TI - [Detection of an alga of the genus Prototheca in the blood of a tuberculosis patient]. AB - The proof of a chlorophyllous alga of the genus Prototheca from the blood of a tuberculous patient with brain damage is described. The pathogenetic importance of Protothecae in the field of human medicine is discussed. Although representatives of the genus Protothecae up to now are regarded as extraordinarily infrequent commensals, nevertheless occasionally their proof not only on the surface of the skin but also from the blood or the inner organs must be taken into account. PMID- 6792805 TI - [Organ cultures from isolated pancreatic islets of rats and their transplantation into streptozotocin-diabetic rats]. AB - Islets of Langerhans were isolated from the adult wistar rat by means of the collagenase method and cultivated in an incubator at a temperature of 37 degree Celsius and with a mixture of 95% air and 5% CO2. With that each two of the islets were put into every drill hole of multi-dish trays. 1 ml Eagle medium modified by Dulbecco with admixtures of 20% foetal calf serum, 100 microgram/ml Streptomycin and 100 u/ml Penicillin G was the nutrient medium. This medium was exchanged every third day and the released insulin quantity was measured by a radio immunologic test (Phadebas insulin test). RESULTS: 1. The insulin quantity in the nutrient medium runs to 1097 to 1434 microu/ml two islets if a change took place every third day during an 80 days duration of the culture. 2. The cultivated islets had a demonstrable reactivity of the insulin secretion to glucose and glucagon. 3. Diabetic rats with transplants of nearly 400 cultivated islets recover from diabetic state within one week after transplantation and keep healthy for 8 weeks. PMID- 6792807 TI - Comparative investigations on hippocampus in insectivores and primates. AB - Quantitative investigations on the hippocampus and its components from insectivores through lower to higher primates show a marked enlargement of area CA 1 of the retrocommissural hippocampus. In man, the retrocommissural hippocampus as a whole has an allometric enlargement of 3.5 times that of the lower insectivores of equal body weight. The allometric enlargement of area CA 1 is much greater (6.6 times) than that of all other components (1.6 to 3.3 times). The marked enlargement of CA 1 is accompanied by clear histomorphological alterations, the most striking of which is an obvious migration of the CA 1 pyramidal cells into the stratum oriens in the direction of the alveus. This migration of cells is considered to be caused by neurobiotaxic influences from the afferent alvear system which thus appears to be more important in higher primates. In contrast, the small praecommissural hippocampus (0.5 to 7% of the total hippocampus) is reduced. The possible relationship of this structure to olfaction is discussed. PMID- 6792806 TI - [Occurrence of pulmonary oedemas without myocardial necroses under beta 2 sympathomimetic therapy with fenoterol (experimental investigations in the rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental investigations in the rabbit were aimed at solving the question whether the development of a pulmonary oedema during tocolytic therapy with beta 2-sympathomimetics can be explained by hyperhydration, since myocardial necroses are not likely to be the cause of a pulmonary-oedema at the standard clinical dosage level. Fenoterol is infused over a period of 24 hours in combination with low (2.5 mgl/h) and high (30 ml/h) supply of liquid (isotonic solution, Sterofundin). Essential changes in the measured parameters occur only if the quantity infused is high. The following findings were established: 1. an increase in the liquid content of the lung and heart from 80 to 90%. 2. blood gas analysis revealed marked signs of a ventilatory disturbance, 3. histologically, the lungs showed partly massive changes pointing to the presence of an interstitial and intraalveolar oedema. Since no myocardial necroses can be histologically identified, the pulmonary insufficiency cannot be due to cardiac decompensation as a result of myocardial necroses. PMID- 6792808 TI - [Grid electron microscopy studies of isolated intestinal epithelium]. AB - Four media are used to isolate enterocytes from the jejunum of the mouse (basic medium with either hyaluronidase, dispase, pronase, or EDTA). During incubation the intestinal wall is gently agitated. Layers of epithelial cells rather than single cells are removed from the mucosal surface by these procedures. Small groups of enterocytes and single cells can be obtained by further mechanical agitation, e.g. by repeatedly washing the isolated epithelia. Similar morphological findings (transmission and scanning electron microscopy) are obtained after using the various isolation media. Only with EDTA a dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum is regularly seen. Isolation of the enterocytes starts from the tip of the intestinal villus. The straight apical surface becomes convex and the most lateral microvilli of the brush border desintegrate. The opening of the terminal bars can be observed. Surface differentiations on the lateral cell surfaces of isolated enterocytes become less obvious and disappear. This is discussed with respect to the so-called "lateral vacuoles" which appear in isolated enterocytes. Large spherical protrusions are developed at the basal surface of enterocytes. The cell membrane covering these protrusions is frequently found to be discontinuous. No other cell organelles than ribosomes are to be seen inside of these protrusions. Membrane-bound vesicles are also frequently seen. It is suggested that the basal spherical protrusions are casted off. PMID- 6792809 TI - [Parenteral feeding and the digestive system]. PMID- 6792810 TI - [Epidemiologic importance of the variability of the causative agent of gonorrhea and its atypical torpid forms]. PMID- 6792811 TI - [Results of a study of penicillin sensitivity of the gonococcus in women with gonorrhea]. PMID- 6792812 TI - Protein food mixture for Zambian children. PMID- 6792813 TI - Formation of aflatoxins by some Egyptian Aspergillus flavus strains. AB - In all the fifteen investigated Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains the maximum quantities of aflatoxins, produced on rice powder-corn steep (RC) medium, ranged from 1.17 to 23.29 times as much as those produced on yeast extract sucrose (YES) medium. The shake cultures lowered aflatoxin formation. The maximum yields of aflatoxins did not coincide with maximum fungal growth. In most A. flavus strains investigated, the total aflatoxin content of the mycelia highly exceeded that of the culture filtrates. PMID- 6792814 TI - Microbial colonization of prosthetic devices. II. Scanning electron microscopy of naturally infected intravenous catheters. AB - Forty two nonselected naturally infected intravenous catheters were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and usual bacteriological methods. In many catheter samples an amorphous deposited substance could be detected by SEM investigation, mostly associated with the isolation of staphylococci, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The thickest layers of such a substance were found in catheters infected by coagulase-negative staphylococci. The bacteria seemed to be closely packed and cemented by this matrix. It's possible protective role against the defence mechanisms of the host and chemotherapeutic agents was discussed. PMID- 6792815 TI - [Microbial settlement of paint- and building-materials in the sphere of drinking water. 7. Communication: long time observations in two drinking water reservoirs coated by epoxy resin (author's transl)]. AB - In two potable water reservoirs with an epoxy resin lining an increase of the colony count in the water and a visible microbial growth on the surface could be observed. The slime consists of bacteria and fungi. In one case higher organisms like protozoa were found too. The growth of microorganisms is caused by organic compounds of the epoxy resin which can be deteriorated by microorganisms. After a period of 3 years both materials still promote microbial growth on the surface. PMID- 6792816 TI - [Studies on the usefulness of different disinfectants for the aerosol disinfection of surfaces (author's transl)]. AB - In a glove-box made of stainless steel germ-carriers of lime-wood and aluminium were layed out after having been contaminated with different vegetative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis). Disinfectant aerosols of several germicidal substances belonging to different chemical groups were brought into the glove-box. The aerosol was produced by a commercial generator. The following substances proved to have a good disinfectant effect under the conditions used: hydrogen peroxide, peracetic acid, formaldehyde, glutardialdehyde, beta-propiolacton, Lysoformin resp. Lysoformin 2000 and Tegodor 73, whereas triethylenglycol, phenol-derivatives (Gevisol, Environ), Chloramine 80 and detergents were not able to kill all the bacteria on the germ-carriers within 2 h. Determination of the natural mortality rate showed, that at relative humidities of over 58% the test bacteria die within 72 h on the germ-carriers without presence of disinfectants. At a relative humidity of 77%, Staphylococcus aureus on wooden germ-carriers died within 24 h. PMID- 6792817 TI - [Changes in the configuration of the QRS complex in ECG of racehorses during their 1st year of training]. PMID- 6792819 TI - Pharmacokinetics of some sulphonamides in buffaloes. PMID- 6792818 TI - Ruminal and salivary excretion of some sulphonamides in cows and their effect on rumen flora. PMID- 6792820 TI - Acid-base status and gases in cerebrospinal fluid of healthy calves and buffalo calves. PMID- 6792821 TI - Enzymes, metabolites and electrolytes levels in the blood of local Israeli goats. PMID- 6792822 TI - The influence of breed, age, body weight and season on digital diseases and hoof size in dairy cows. PMID- 6792823 TI - Effect of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) on arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow in normal and bled dogs. PMID- 6792824 TI - Endocrine influences on chicken pectoral muscle: thymus-bursa Fabricii testosterone correlations. PMID- 6792825 TI - [Morphological findings in guinea pigs following acute and subacute diacetoxyscirpenol poisoning]. PMID- 6792826 TI - [Behavioral reactions of domestic swine to odors]. PMID- 6792827 TI - [Experimental study of sacral bladder innervation in swine (Sus scrofa)]. PMID- 6792828 TI - Serum alkaline and acid phosphatase values in market weight pigs reared in a tropical environment. PMID- 6792829 TI - [Calcinosis in Austria. IX. Calcinosis in horses?]. PMID- 6792830 TI - [Cell growth and neoplasms of the thyroid gland in horses]. PMID- 6792831 TI - Nucleolar activity in lectin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of several species of domestic animals. PMID- 6792832 TI - [Neuroepithelial (esthesioneurogenic) olfactory tumors in cats. Light and electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 6792833 TI - [Comparative analysis of various mutagenicity test systems]. PMID- 6792834 TI - The digestion of starch in the small intestine of dairy cows. PMID- 6792835 TI - Immunological control of endogenous urease activity in buffalo calves. PMID- 6792836 TI - Physiological changes in experimental rumen lactic acidosis in cross-bred calves. PMID- 6792837 TI - Effect of sodium n-butyrate on primary ruminal epithelial cell culture. PMID- 6792839 TI - [Stability of the chief properties of live anthrax vaccine produced in liquid and solid nutrient media]. PMID- 6792838 TI - [Phospholipid antigen of Rickettsia prowazekii, its serologic activity]. PMID- 6792840 TI - [Antigenic structure and chemical composition of Brucella during their L transformation and reversion]. PMID- 6792841 TI - [Structural elements of Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on electron microscopy findings]. AB - The study of negatively contrasted preparations was made with the aim of of finding out the possibility of identifying Ps. aeruginosa by the number and location of flagella. 4,800 bacteria were studied by means of an electron microscopy, type JEM-100; of these, 2,443 bacterium had a single polar flagellum, 414 bacteria had 2 and 138 bacteria had 3 polar flagella, while 1,805 cells had no flagella. The presence of bipolar flagella and pili, as well as nonflagellate Ps. aeruginosa cultures, was revealed. The possibility of the existence of noncapsular and capsular forms in one and the same Ps. aeruginosa strain was shown. The use of these data in the systematics of Ps. aeruginosa is anticipated. PMID- 6792842 TI - [Macrophage migration inhibition test in guinea pigs infected with Rickettsia prowazekii]. AB - The process of infection caused by R. prowazekii (strain Breinl) in guinea-pigs was accompanied by the development of delayed type hypersensitivity manifested by the macrophage migration inhibition test (MMIT). This reaction could be detected on week 2 after the subcutaneous inoculation of the infective agent, achieved its maximum on weeks 3-4 with individual fluctuations taken into account and decreased by week 5 remaining at a low level during the whole period of the study (63 days). The period when the MMIT was most pronounced correlated with the period of the maximum increase in the titers of complement-fixing antibodies and the presence of the infective agent in the animal body. PMID- 6792843 TI - Glycoprotein metabolism in the guinea-pig gastric mucosa in chronic metribuzin poisoning. AB - Forty male guinea pigs weighting 400--600 g, 8 months old, were given metribuzin directly into the gastric lumen over a period of 30 days (20 animals) or 90 days (20 animals), 6 times a week. The intoxicated animals showed in the gastric mucosa a significant decrease in glucosamine isomerase activity and a significant increased in beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activity. The results suggest that the biosynthesis of the sugar moiety of glycoproteins is depressed, the degradation of glycoproteins is stimulated by metribuzin. PMID- 6792844 TI - Effect of some divalent metal cations on phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. AB - Incubation of phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus with certain divalent metal cations caused enzyme inactivation with Cu(II) being particularly effective. The inactivation arose from the reversible exchange of Zn(II) in the enzyme with the metal cations. Both zinc atoms in the enzyme exchanged rapidly with Cu(II) whereas only one exchanged spontaneously with Co(II). With lecithin substrates, CoZn-phospholipase C had a specific activity of 3.6-11.3% of that of ZnZn phospholipase C, whereas the CoCo-enzyme was less than 1% active relative to the native enzyme. The CoZn-enzyme had the same Km value for dihexanoyllecithin as had the native enzyme, but the Vm value was markedly lower. ZnZn-, CoZn- and CoCo phospholipase C all had very low activities towards sphingomyelin micelles, although for the CoCo-enzyme, the sphingomyelinase activity was 4-7-fold greater than for the native enzyme. PMID- 6792845 TI - Cost effectiveness of population screening and rescreening for cervical cancer in the Netherlands. AB - In a screening program for cervical cancer held in the western part of the Netherlands in 1978, it was shown that the incidence of positive cases dropped from 8.0% to 1.4% when repeat screening was performed within two years; however, the incidence of mild dysplasia remained the same (13.0%). Forty percent of the allocated funds were used for canvassing. Recanvassing of the no-response group did not result in the finding of positive cases. Of the ten positive cases in the rescreened group, four had had inadequate negative smears previously, and two had had adequate negative smears; in two cases the previous smears were reclassified as dysplasias, and in the two remaining cases endocervical carcinoma cells were found in the additional endocervical smear. In light of the high canvassing costs of population screening and the low detection rate of positive cases in the rescreened group, as described in this paper, it appears overly costly to repeat population screening with two years. PMID- 6792846 TI - The relationship of plasma gonadotropins and androgen concentrations to body growth in boys. PMID- 6792847 TI - Inherited male pseudohermaphroditism due to gonadotrophin unresponsiveness. AB - An inherited form of incomplete male pseudohermaphroditism was studied in two post-pubertal and one pre-pubertal sibling. All patients presented a 46XY karyotype infantile female external genitalia, lack of breast development and sexual hair. Persistently elevated serum levels of gonadotrophins with normal pituitary responsiveness to LRH were found. Serum 17-OH progesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone levels were extremely low before and after gonadal stimulation with hCG. Laparotomy revealed absence of Wolffian and Mullerian derivatives. Testes were small and cryptorchidic. Microscopic and ultrastructural examination revealed seminiferous tubules with absence of spermatogenesis and normal Sertoli cells. The interstitial spaces were mainly occupied by poorly differentiated cells although in the post-pubertal patients there were small and randomly distributed nodules of Leydig cells without crystaloids. Incubation of testicular tissue from one post-pubertal patient with [14C]acetate showed lack of 14C-incorporation into appropriate steroid carriers. These data were interpreted as demonstrating that gonadotrophin resistance was the underlying abnormality of this syndrome, representing the human counter part of the "vet" pseudohermaphroditic rat. PMID- 6792848 TI - Different effects of oestradiol, oestriol, oestetrol and of oestrone on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) in long term tissue culture. AB - The effects of oestradiol (Oe2), oestrone (Oe1), oestriol (Oe3), oestetrol (Oe4) on the induction of the progesterone receptor (PgR) and growth of MCF-7 cells are compared. All the four oestrogens increased cell PgR concentration. Analysis of the dose-response curves shows induction by Oe2 to be 10 times and 50 times greater than Oe3 and Oe4, respectively. Oe1 and Oe2 are equally effective, even with consideration of metabolic conversion of O31 into Oe2. When compared with untreated cells, Oe2, Oe3, and Oe4 do not influence significantly the plating efficiency but all 3 hormones increase thymidine incorporation of the cells in log phase growth. Oe2, Oe3 and Oe4 are able to rescue the growth inhibition induced by antioestrogens. The respective potency compared to Oe2 is again in the range of 10 and 50 times lower for Oe3 and Oe4, respectively. On the other hand Oe1 decreases plating efficiency, thymidine incorporation and does not rescue the growth inhibition induced by antioestrogens when the metabolic conversion of Oe1 into Oe2 is prevented. Thus, Oe3 and Oe4 behave like complete Oe2 agonists whereas Oe1 has dissociated effects, agonist on PgR induction and antagonist on cell growth. PMID- 6792849 TI - Isolated growth hormone deficiency, ovarian dysgenesis and Turner stigmata with normal chromosomal complement. AB - An 18 year old white female presented with short stature and amenorrhoea. Her height was 135 cm, weight 46.6 kg; she had a broad neck, a high arched palate, short fifth metacarpals bilaterally, short third, fourth and fifth metatarsals bilaterally and minimal breast development. Although the clinical picture strongly suggested Turner's syndrome, investigations revealed: (a) normal female 46,XX chromosomal pattern on analyses of skin, lymphocytes and ovarian tissue; (b) undetectable serum growth hormone levels; (c) pre-pubertal oestradiol-17 beta levels; (d) only very occasional primordial follicles on ovarian biopsy with a thickened capsule; and (e) basal LH and FSH levels of 6.8 to 9.6 mIU/ml which rose after LRH injection to 90 and 26 mIU/ml, respectively. The patient has the unusual combination of growth hormone deficiency, gonadal dysgenesis and Turner stigmata with a normal chromosomal complement. PMID- 6792850 TI - Luteal blood flow and plasma steroids in rats with corpora lutea of different ages. AB - Ovarian and luteal blood flow rates were measured at different stages of luteal development in anaesthetized rats using 15 +/- 5 micron radioactive microspheres. Ovulations were induced by injection of 8 IU of PMSG at 28 days of age. Steroid concentrations in peripheral plasma were determined using radioimmunoassays. The highest luteal blood flow was found in the youngest corpora lutea and decreased gradually with luteal age. Luteal flow on days 13 and 14 was significantly lower than that of days 2, 4, and 6. Ovarian stromal blood flow remained unchanged throughout the lifespan of the lupus luteum. Peripheral progesterone concentrations rose significantly on days 4, 6, and 8 with a maximum on day 8, as compared to day 2, and fell significantly after day 8. The levels of 20 alpha-OH progesterone increased sharply on day 10, indicating that functional luteolysis. The progesterone levels fell significantly between day 8 and 10 without a concomitant significant decline in luteal blood flow. Since a fall in progesterone production seem sto precede a drop in luteal blood flow, the initiation of luteolysis does not appear to be caused by a vascular mechanism. PMID- 6792851 TI - [Effects of muscular exercise on non-glucoregulatory hormones (T3, rT3, T4, TSH, prolactin, FSH, LH) in type I diabetics (author's transl)]. AB - In the present investigation the influence of muscular exercise on non glucoregulatory hormones (T3, rT3, T4, TSH, prolactin) was analyzed in non ketotic, juvenile-onset type diabetics (JD) in relation of their metabolic control. The plasma hormonal concentrations were measured in 8 well-controlled JD, 8 moderately controlled JD and in 8 healthy subjects, before, during and after a 30 min. bicycle ergometer test of moderate work intensity. The exercise induced rise in T4, and rT3 was similar in both groups of diabetics and did not significantly differ with that obtained in controls. A significant increase of T3 concentrations occurred only in the controls. Hormone levels of TSH, FSH and LH did not change significantly during exercise in all three groups, whereas prolactin showed a considerable increase (N. S.) in the well-controlled JD patient group with low blood glucose concentrations. These findings demonstrate that muscular exercise leads to a similar effect on the behavior of T4, rT3, TSH, LH, and FSH concentrations, but not on T3 (no increase) and prolactin in non ketotic, conventionally treated JD compared with healthy individuals. PMID- 6792852 TI - [Indeterminate macular form of leprosy]. PMID- 6792853 TI - [Leprosy tests: diagnostic problems (apropos of 2 cases)]. AB - Two cases of reactional leprosy leading to wrong diagnosis are reported. The first one concerns a reversal reaction predominantly neuritic, initially taken for polyarthritis. The second one concerns an erythema nodosum leprosum with extensive cutaneous necrosis (Lucio's phenomenon or ulcerative lazarine leprosy). Main aspects and mechanisms of leprosy reactional states are reviewed. It is emphasized that errors or delays in diagnosis are often caused by failing to recognize cutaneous or neuritic symptoms. PMID- 6792854 TI - Desoxyfructo-serotonin: first human metabolite with antileprosy activity. PMID- 6792855 TI - [Current epidemiologic aspects of leprosy on the Island of Reunion (Indian Ocean]. AB - In the view of a cost/effectiveness study of the anti-leprosy organization in French Reunion island, an epidemiological evaluation had been realized from all existing records. 324 cards had been collected but only 62% of known patients are followed under surveillance. The clinical spectrum is characterized by a greater part of lepromatous or border-line types by the mere fact of male forms. The prevalence is 0.5 per 1000 and the average incidence is 0.02 per 1000. Nevertheless, the patients show few disabilities. This low endemic level, the positive growing old of leprosy population, the high frequency of relationship amongst patients, induce the idea that the disease is under extinction with a low intra-familiar contamination. But the main goal will be a better surveillance of known patients. PMID- 6792856 TI - [Hansen's disease - evolution of ideas]. PMID- 6792857 TI - [Reflections on the evolution of leprosy and its teaching]. PMID- 6792858 TI - Recent advances in the treatment of epilepsy. PMID- 6792859 TI - Significance of resegmentation in the pathogenesis of vertebral body malformation. AB - Human embryos and fetuses were investigated histologically to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of congenital malformations of the vertebral body. Special attention was paid to early development of the vertebral column, particularly the often-questioned stage of resegmentation, important as the stage during which the malformations might develop. Evidence of resegmentation was found in 7 embryos ranging from 7 mm C-R length (5 weeks after fertilization) to 13 mm (6 weeks). Moreover, the formation of the definitive vertebral body was considered to be intimately related to the intersegmental artery. As for Junghanns' concept that the cartilaginous body consists of two lateral halves, it was not observed in our specimens, nor was it found in the latest literature on normal vertebral development. Congenital malformations of the vertebral body were classified into two categories: failure of formation and failure of segmentation. They were demonstrated in an embryo of 13 mm and a fetus of 70 mm which were in the developmental stages of chondrification and early ossification, respectively. According to these observations, we conclude that most malformations of the vertebral body occur in the early stage of definitive vertebral body anlage formation. PMID- 6792860 TI - The nature of transmembrane calcium exchange in the rabbit uterus. AB - 45Ca efflux was studied in uterine strips excised from 25-day pregnant and post partum rabbits in normal KRB (1.25 mM CaCl2), in Ca2+-free KRB and in the presence of 2 mM EGTA. The rate of 45Ca efflux decreased in the absence of extracellular Ca2+ and increased in the presence of EGTA. The significant difference between the rate of efflux of pregnant and post partum uteri disappeared both in Ca2+-free KRB and in the presence of EGTA. The results show that transmembrane Ca exchange exists during 45Ca efflux both in the pregnant and in the post partum rabbit uterus. This is explained by an accelerative exchange diffusion at a limited number of fixed negative binding sites along the pores of the cell membrane. The present data confirm earlier observations that superficial Ca-binding is augmented during pregnancy in the rabbit myometrium. PMID- 6792861 TI - Generalized epilepsy with spike-wave paroxysms as an epileptic disorder of the function of sleep promotion. AB - A new hypothesis is offered regarding the pathomechanism of generalized epilepsy with spike-wave paroxysms (GESw) based on the pertaining literature and personal investigations. The first section is devoted to a critical overview of the development of theories regarding GESw. The centrencephalic theory, the debate on subcortical versus cortical origin, the "corticoreticular" hypothesis of Gloor and, finally, the "dyshormic" concept of Niedermeyer are outlined. In the next section it is shown that there is a particular optimum zone between sleep and wakefulness and between REM and slow wave sleep which highly favours the occurrence of spike-wave paroxysms. According to our investigations into the dynamics within this critical zone, the spike-wave paroxysms always appear with characteristic fluctuations of the level of consciousness where the changes towards awakening are always followed by rebounds towards sleep. Hence, the dynamic properties of this unstable border zone become especially interesting in the genesis of spike-wave paroxysms. It has been shown that even without epilepsy, a dynamics can be observed in the micro-oscillations in the depth of sleep which could be interpreted according to the reciprocal induction regulation model. In our concept the process of falling asleep emerges from rebounds of the sleep promoting system in response to sensory inputs streaming in from the external environment. According to this model, arousal influences in sleep have a sleep promoting effect. We interpret in this way all synchronized EEG reactions elicited by sensory stimuli and we consider K-complex type synchronization reactions as a "building stone" of the process of falling asleep which contains the whole process in concentrated form. The manifold similarities between the K complex and the spike-wave pattern are demonstrated. On this basis spike-wave paroxysms can be regarded as an epileptic "caricature" of the sleep induction momentum reflected in the K-complex phenomenon. Hence, the GESw is the epileptic disorder of the sleep promotion function. This hypothesis resolves and explains many contradictory features of our knowledge about this mechanism and gives a new biologically oriented framework for further research. In the light of the hypothesis it has been attempted to interpret some of the characteristic features of the GESw: the genetic determination, the age dependency, the link with the sleep-waking cycle as well as the functional-anatomical characteristics and the symptoms of the seizures. PMID- 6792862 TI - Changes in the myoelectric complex of the stomach and the small intestine under the influence of the intrinsic nervous system. AB - Chronic experiments have been carried out on dogs with implanted silver bipolar ball-shaped electrodes on the muscle wall of the stomach and of the duodenum after transthoracic truncus vagotomy. The appearance of incoordination in the rhythm of the slow potentials of the corpus and antrum is followed by an increase in the spike activity of the stomach and duodenum. The percentage of the spike activity increases, the active periods of the myoelectric complex become longer, with a decrease and even obliteration of the quiescent periods. These changes are most pronounced during the second post-vagotomy month, after which the spike activity gradually decreases and quiescent periods appear again. Nevertheless, at the end of the 6th month after the vagotomy, the spike activity has higher values than before the vagotomy. Chemical sympathectomy with 6-OHDA results in 100 per cent spike activity of the stomach and duodenum and complete absence of quiescent periods. It is concluded that the intrinsic nervous system is capable of organizing the phases of the myoelectric complex in the cases of absence of influence of the extrinsic nervous system. PMID- 6792863 TI - Influence of mannitol-induced reduction in CSF Na on nervous and endocrine mechanisms involved in the control of fluid balance. AB - Infusions (20 microliter/min) of isotonic (0.27 M) and hypertonic (0.7 M) mannitol dissolved in Na-free artificial CSF were made for 1 h. into the lateral cerebral ventricle (IVT) of conscious water-replete sheep. The IVT infusion of both 0.27 M and 0.7 M mannitol induced a water-diuresis. Samples of CSF were collected prior to, and 5, 35, 65, 125 min after the end of the infusion. These consistently showed a reduction in CSF [Na], while CSF osmolality remained unchanged after 0.27 M mannitol, and was considerably increased after 0.7 M mannitol. In the 44 dehydrated sheep IVT infusion of 0.7 mannitol in Na-free artificial CSF was made for 6 h. The water deprivation as such caused a marked increase in plasma and CSF [Na] and osmolality. The 6 h IVT infusion of hypertonic mannitol further increased the CSF osmolality, while CSF [Na] decreased and reached a values below the normal for water-replete animals. The infusion also induced a fall in plasma ADH resulting in a water-diuresis, and extinguished the thirst of the dehydrated sheep. Furthermore, the infusion markedly reduced renal sodium excretion with causing any substantial change in blood aldosterone, in spite of the fact that there was a conspicuous increase in plasma renin concentration. The study supports the view that sodium sensitive receptors close to the cerebral ventricular system participate in the regulation of ADH secretion, water intake, renin release, and renal sodium excretion. PMID- 6792865 TI - TSH, HGH, HPr, and cortisol response to TRH in depressed patients. AB - An intravenous (0.2 mg) and an oral (40 mg) TRH-test was performed on 21 depressed patients (4 psychogenous, 17 endogenous); TSH, HGH, HRr, Cortisol, T3, T4 and RT4 were measured. The test was redone after 3 weeks of antidepressive treatment. Using an oral stimulation, it looks like there would be a possibility to differentiate into different groups according to the severity of illness. It also seems that the oral stimulation is a possibility to get information on the beginning effectiveness of antidepressive treatment. The responsiveness to the oral stimulus returns earlier than the response to the i.v. stimulation. Roughly, one can also differentiate between endogenous and psychogenous depression with an oral TRH test. PMID- 6792864 TI - [Endocrinological abnormalities in the neurotic states and in depression (author's transl)]. AB - Endocrinological investigation of depressed patients shows a wide variety of abnormalities, most of them reflecting disturbed hypothalamo-hypophyseal control mechanisms. Reported results however vary widely among investigators reflecting the heterogeneity of the clinical cases and the difficulties of quantifying depression. The authors report data on 1(0) TSH, PRL and HGH secretion after TRH in a group of 19 endogenous depressed patients; 2(0) insulin secretions after a glucose load in endogenous (10 cases) and neurotic (13 cases) depression; 3(0) LH and FSH secretion after LHRH in 10 neurotic depressed men. The results are compared with those reported in the literature. Their possible contribution to the differential diagnosis of neurotic versus endogenous depression is discussed. PMID- 6792866 TI - Neuroendocrine function in schizophrenia. AB - Endocrine parameters were studied in 64 male chronic hebephrenic schizophrenics. The results indicate deficiency of the pituitary-gonadal function, increased PRL responses to TRH stimulation, impaired GH responses to successive stimuli, impaired insulin-glucose metabolism, which is indicative of a hypothalamic noradrenaline deficiency. Treatment with catecholamine agonists improved the behavioural affective state in a small group of patients. Studies of dopamine receptor sensitivity in a group of hebephrenics and paranoids revealed the existence of 2 genetically divided groups, the HLA negative and HLA positive, of which only the first showed signs of dopamine-receptor supersensitivity. PMID- 6792867 TI - Age-related alteration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in sexually impotent males. AB - On 7 healthy normal men and 32 sexual impotent males aging between 45 and 75 years, total testosterone (T), oestradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin were measured. Additionally LH and FSH was measured after injection of 25 and 100 micrograms LHRH. The main criteria for inclusion in the study were a reduced or nonexistent capacity to have an erection during intercourse and no clinical signs of endocrine disease. The group was divided in young impotent males (group I, less than 60 years) and old impotent males (group II, at least 60 years). The healthy males served as controls (group III). None of the intergroup differences for the basal hormones were statistically significant. But 7 of the man in group I and II showed pathological low T levels (less than or equal to 300 micrograms/100 mg). The high incidence of pathological low T levels in these patients suggests that measurement of plasma T levels is recommendable in the routine diagnostic examination of all sexual impotent males. Plasma levels of LH and FSH increased significantly in all groups following injection of LHRH. At delta 25 min LH was increased significantly in group II following 100 micrograms LHRH compared to group I and III; following 25 micrograms LH and FSH was increased significantly in group II compared to group I. The present findings suggest that, while pituitary function is normal in young and old sexual impotent males, T production may be inadequate in some older patients. Since the present patients failed to show clinical signs of endocrine disease, the abnormal response to LHRH in some of the older sexual impotent males indicates that these patients had a subclinical endocrine disorder.U PMID- 6792868 TI - [Basal prolactinaemia and responses to TRH and to sulpiride in different categories of male sexual dysfunctions (author's transl)]. AB - We assayed serum prolactin (PRL) and serum testosterone (T) in 435 males complaining about a sexual dysfunction (SD) without any clinically detected etiology: erectile impotence (IMP): 320 cases distributed into 3 groups according to their semiology; anejaculation (ANEJ): 26 cases; premature ejaculation (EP): 75 cases; isolated lack of libido: 11 cases; isolated anorgasm: 3 cases. PRL response to 200 micrograms of TRH was assessed in 41 cases, and PRL-response to sulpiride in 38 cases. We compared these results to those of 28 normal males with t test. Serum PRL exceeds 75 ng/ml in 3 IMP and 1 ANEJ, everyone presenting psychological disturbances. It is mildly increased (18 to 58 ng/ml) in 3,7% IMP and 17,3% EP and normal in the other cases. Mean PRL is lower in ANEJ and IMP than in normal males. PRL decrease is clearer in the group in which erection is the most disturbed. T is lower in ANEJ than in normal males, IMP and EP. Area under the curve of PRL-response to TRH is lower in ANEJ and IMP (for the groups with the most disturbed erection) than in normal males and EP. PRL-response to sulpiride doesn't differ from that of normal males in the 3 categories of SD. Research of linear correlations between scores of anxiety and depression and PRL maximal increments after TRH and sulpiride in EP and ANEJ is negative. So impotency and anejaculation may be the sole telltale sign of an hyperprolactinemia and PRL systematically must be assayed in these SD. But mild abnormalities probably are the witness of emotional disturbances which escort or cause SD and have no etiologic role. PMID- 6792869 TI - [There is no relationship between endogenous insulin release, release during OGTT and androgenic function in patients suffering from psychogenic impotence (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied androgenic function (basal testosterone, DHT, E2, androsterone, etiocholanolone, and dynamic response to TRH (hPr) and LRH (LH, FSH) and insulin induced release during O.G.T.T. in 35 patients suffering from "psychogenic impotence" and glucose intolerance. We found no correlation between androgenic parameters and insulin release thus affirming the hypothesis of an antagonism between the two systems as postulated previously by others. However we found a positive significant correlation between basal prolactin level and the testosterone/dihydrotestosterone ratio together with a slight increase of basal prolactin and E2 and a decrease of DHT in the patients group compared to non impotent non glucose intolerant group. Our results suggest that a moderate hyperprolactinemia, whose origin is discussed, could participate in the pathogenesis of sexual disturbances in some patients with glucose tolerance. PMID- 6792870 TI - [The endocrine status in anorexia nervosa (author's transl)]. AB - Alterations in the secretion of iodothyronines, cortisol, testosterone and growth hormone have previously been described in anorexia nervosa. We have studied prolactin and gonadotropins secretion in 23 cases of anorexia nervosa. Prolactin secretion was normal. Modifications in gonadotropins release were observed. However they could not be always related to weight loss since amenorrhea could either precede weight loss or still be present after return of the weight to normal. In all cases, FSH release after LHRH stimulation was normal. No increase in LH levels was observed after LHRH injection when the weight was 70% below the ideal weight. With increasing weight, LH release progressively recovered and normal LHRH-induced LH release was obtained when the weight was above 90% of the ideal weight. At normal weight, the ratio of LH/FSH was normal in patients menstruating less than 3 months after the test, while the ratio was low in non menstruating females. In conclusion, when the weight was insufficient basal levels of FSH and LH and responses after LHRH stimulation corresponded to a prepuberal stage. An increase in the LH/FSH ratio and a normal LH/FSH ratio preceeded the recovery of menstruations. In about 1/3 of the cases, such an evolution was not observed without any satisfactory explanation. Other factors than weight may be involved, especially when the amenorrhea persists after weight recovery. PMID- 6792871 TI - Prolactin secretion in anorexia nervosa. AB - Twenty-nine anorectic female patients were subdivided in three groups: group I when primary amenorrhoea; group II when secondary amenorrhoea together with a weight (for their height) equal or above the 10th percentile of the ratio of total water over body weight (TW/B Wt); group III when secondary amenorrhoea was associated with a weight below this 10th percentile. Despite very low mean oestradiol levels (respectively 22, 36 and 32 pg/ml), prolactin secretion remained normal both in basal conditions as well as after 200 micrograms TRH iv. For group III patients, a delay in the peak prolactin response to TRH was observed but it was not statistically significant. PMID- 6792872 TI - Treatment of undernutrition and electrolyte disturbances in anorexia nervosa. AB - Medical care of undernutrition and hydro-electrolytic disturbances in anorexia nervosa differs according to the stage of weight loss, as appreciates through "corpulence index". In each case, it will depend on a precise appreciation of biological data, mainly hydro-electrolytic ones. One has to particularly stress the frequence of hypochloremic-hypokalemic alkalosis which must be treated by isotonic saline perfusion till the normalisation of plasma electrolytes. Refeeding can be achieved either by oral, parenteral or nasogastric tube: this last method being, in our hand, the most successful. The results of short-term treatment is often good; however the prognosis of long term treatment largely depends on the specific care for psychological disturbances. PMID- 6792873 TI - The effect of activation of carotid body chemoreceptors on baroreceptor inhibition of sympathetic activity. AB - The effect of combined stimulation of peripheral chemo- and baroreceptors upon sympathetic discharge was studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose and urethan, immobilized with tricuran, and artificially ventilated. The right carotid sinus was arterially isolated, the left sinus nerve and both vago sympathetic trunks were cut. A rise of pressure in isolated carotid sinus from 100 to 200 mm Hg produced an inhibition of sympathetic activity recorded simultaneously from the inferior cardiac and the renal nerves. For a combined chemo- and baroreceptor stimulation, the carotid sinus was perfused at a constant pressure of 100 mm Hg with venous blood bubbled with CO2.Twenty seconds after the onset of the perfusion the carotid sinus pressure was raised up to 200 mm Hg. A combination of the chemoreceptor stimulation and of the rise of sinus pressure produced only a small inhibition of sympathetic activity in both nerves compared to the effect observed without concomitant chemoreceptor activation. It was demonstrated that chemically induced stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors strongly influences the magnitude of the sympathetic inhibition produced by activation of the baroreceptor reflex. PMID- 6792874 TI - Quantitative evaluation of lipofuscin in relation to age and meclofenoxate treatment. Electron microscopic study of "Torpedo M." neurons. PMID- 6792875 TI - [Bladder ultrasonography. 1: Study of non-tumor pathology]. PMID- 6792876 TI - Effect of intrapulmonary heparin on plasma diamine oxidase (histaminase) activity in mice. AB - Heparin releases diamine oxidase (DAO, histaminase) from binding sites in the intestinal vasculature. Histamine is involved in a number of pathological lesions. In this study we have examined the effect of intrapulmonary administration of heparin on plasma DAO activity in mice. For comparative purposes the same parameter was measured following the administration of an intravenous heparin regimen. The time course and dose-response were examined with the two heparin regimens. The doses of heparin were based on appropriate clinical equivalents. Both heparin regimens showed a dose dependent response (correlation coefficient r = 0.9). The dose of intrapulmonary heparin (10 mg/kg) was 12 times greater than the dose injected intravenously but the DAO response lasted 48 times longer that that obtained from the intravenous heparin regimen. PMID- 6792877 TI - Lethal chylothoraces due to superior vena caval thrombosis in infants. AB - An unusual etiology, probably iatrogenic, for chylothoraces in the newborn period was recently noted. Three tiny premature infants, all of whom subsequently died, developed massive bilateral chylothoraces. These infants had had prolonged hyperalimentation using jugular central venous catheters for severe gastrointestinal problems and malnutrition. All developed superior vena caval thrombosis, two with overt superior vena caval syndromes. Two had venograms that showed extension of thrombus into the innominate veins to the confluence of the jugular and subclavian veins, at the site of drainage of the lymphatic channels of the thorax. The relationship between superior vena caval an innominate vein thrombosis and chylothoraces in discussed and an important pitfall in the radiologic evaluation is emphasized. PMID- 6792878 TI - Normal pressure hydrocephalus: evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic tests. AB - This paper reviews the clinical findings in the Hakim-Adams syndrome and distinguishes it from the more general term of normal pressure hydrocephalus. The radiographic tests to diagnose these entities are discussed in their historical context. Computed tomography has recently replaced the pneumoencephalogram for evaluating ventricular size and configuration and computed tomographic metrizamide cisternography is beginning to replace the more traditional radionuclide studies of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics. A protocol is suggested for the future study of Hakim-Adams syndrome which emphasizes strict adherence to clinical criteria for the diagnosis. Studies of the microanatomic and physiologic condition of the underlying brain seem to be emerging as more reliable predictors of the success of shunt procedures than those of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics which have heretofore dominated treatment planning. PMID- 6792879 TI - Traumatic aneurysms of cavernous internal carotid artery with secondary epistaxis. AB - The syndrome of delayed epistaxis and monocular blindness following nonpenetrating head injury is reviewed. Bleeding results from rupture of a traumatic cavernous internal carotid artery aneurysm into the sphenoid sinus. There were 96 patients with this syndrome found in the literature and another four are added in this report. In 73% of the patients, the cause of the epistaxis was not appreciated until 4 months after the initial episode. No antemortem diagnosis was made in 15% of the patients. More frequent use of carotid angiography in patients with posttraumatic mononuclear blindness and delayed epistaxis might help reduce the reported mortality of 30%. PMID- 6792880 TI - Ipsilateral subclavian steal in association with aberrant origin of the left vertebral artery from the aortic arch. PMID- 6792881 TI - Effectiveness of contrast regimens in CT detection of vascular malformations of the brain. AB - Forty-three patients with cerebral vascular malformation were studied with precontrast, immediate contrast, and 1 hr delayed high dose contrast computed tomography (CT) scans. The precontrast scans were abnormal in 81% of patients. The delayed high dose scans demonstrated one angiographically occult, thrombosed arteriovenous malformation not seen on pre- or immediate contrast scans, four cases with additional zones of encapsulated hemorrhage or infarction not seen on pre- or immediate contrast CT, and two cases of venous angiomas seen on immediate contrast scans but not on delayed high dose scans. In 50% of patients, large vessels surrounding the malformation faded on the delayed dose scans which were less specific for vascular malformation than immediate contrast CT. We conclude that: (1) delayed high dose scans offer no significant advantage in patients with symptoms suggesting vascular malformation of the brain; and (2) while less specific than immediate contrast CT, these scans do not preclude detection of vascular malformations of the brain. Therefore, delayed high dose CT can be used in patients with suspected blood-brain barrier lesions without fear of missing vascular malformations. PMID- 6792882 TI - Noninvasive screening of extracranial carotid disease: duplex sonography with angiographic correlation. AB - Initial experience with a pulsed Doppler device coupled to a high resolution real time sonographic scanner for noninvasive evaluation of extracranial carotid disease is reported. The primary objective was to evaluate patients with asymptomatic cervical bruits and/or equivocal histories of transient cerebral ischemia to determine which of them required further study with angiography. An assessment of the degree of extracranial carotid stenosis as well as the severity of atheromatous plaque formation was made and subsequently compared with the findings at angiography. During a 455 day period, a total of 501 patients were examined. In 150 arteries with complete angiography, correlation disclosed the noninvasive duplex technique to be 92% accurate in predicting which arteries would be significantly diseased. It is proposed that careful sonographic investigation of the extracranial carotid system is a safe and useful screening test for certain patients at risk for cerebrovascular accident. PMID- 6792883 TI - Sonography of the adult brain through surgical defects. PMID- 6792884 TI - CT of the adverse effects of therapeutic radiation of the central nervous system. AB - Clinical deterioration during or after radiation of the central nervous system may be due to progression of, or a complication induced in, the lesion being treated. Deterioration may also be due to an adverse effect of the radiation on nervous tissue or vessels within the beam, to alteration in the blood-brain barrier, thus influencing the effects of drug therapy, or to a superimposed catastrophe unrelated to the treatment. Transient effects, which occur within the first 3 months of radiotherapy, include increase in symptoms suggesting enlargement of the tumor and the somnolence syndrome that occurs in children. Classical permanent radiation effects include necrosis, atrophy, calcification, necrotizing leukoencephalopathy, mineralizing microangiopathy, aneurysm formation, tumor induction, and cerebrospinal fluid fistulae. Rarely, demyelination occurs with higher doses than are currently used. The permanent effects tend to occur later than the transient ones; some are progressive and many have serious consequences. The appearances of mineralizing microangiopathy are specific; but the nature of the other complications is only evident in the clinical context, although there may be difficulty distinguishing between radiation necrosis and further growth of an intracerebral tumor. Selected cases illustrate the computed tomographic features of these entities. PMID- 6792885 TI - Intraoperative delineation of lesions in the sellar region with metrizamide. PMID- 6792886 TI - Direct coronal CT of the spine in infants and children. PMID- 6792887 TI - Arachnoiditis simulating acoustic neuroma on air-CT cisternography. PMID- 6792888 TI - Thyroid ophthalmopathy: bony erosion on CT and increased vascularity on angiography. PMID- 6792889 TI - Congenital malignant gliosarcoma. PMID- 6792890 TI - Sclerotic thoracic vertebral compression with metastatic pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6792891 TI - Screening for genetic traits and diseases. AB - Genetic screening should greatly improve the quality of life. A thorough family and medical history is the basis for identifying families at high risk for genetic traits and diseases. Recognition is enhanced by awareness of diseases associated with certain racial, ethnic or geographic groups. Effective genetic screening requires close collaboration between physicians, public health officers and medical investigators. PMID- 6792892 TI - The physician's role in caries prevention. AB - The most cost-effective dental prevention occurs during infancy and childhood. The family physician, therefore, has a vital role in the prevention of dental caries by monitoring fluoride intake and being alert to the need for fluoride supplementation. Breast mild does not contain fluoride. PMID- 6792893 TI - Long-term clinical course of patients with normal coronary arteriography: follow up study of 121 patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms. AB - To determine the long-term course of patients with normal coronary arteriograms, follow-up data regarding frequency of morbid cardiac events and extent of persistent clinical disability were obtained in 121 patients (72 women, 49 men; mean age 49 years) with normal (90%) or nearly normal (10%) coronary arteriograms. Mean length of follow-up was 4.3 years (range 1 to 11 years). Three (2.5%) patients died suddenly and unexpectedly. Four (3.4%) surviving patients suffered documented acute myocardial infarction (AMI) subsequent to initial arteriography. Three of seven patients who underwent repeat coronary arteriography were found to have disease in excess of that observed on initial arteriograms. The overwhelming majority (94% or 80%) of surviving patients continued to experience chest discomfort similar to that for which they underwent coronary arteriography and 75 (64%) continued to use antianginal drugs. Thus the finding of normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms implies a highly favorable prognosis, although it does not establish immunity from a morbid cardiac event (AMI and/or sudden death); the likely basis for these events is progression of fixed obstructive disease, rather than coronary artery spasm or underestimation of extent of coronary disease by arteriography. PMID- 6792895 TI - Relation of time course of plasma nitroglycerin levels to echocardiographic, arterial pressure and heart rate changes after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. AB - Despite the widespread use of nitroglycerin, a relation between plasma nitroglycerin concentrations and the associated cardiovascular effects has not been well established. It was hypothesized that nitroglycerin levels may help predict the hemodynamic responses. With use of a recently developed nitroglycerin assay technique, the relation between the time course of plasma nitroglycerin levels and echocardiographic changes after sublingual administration of 0.6 mg of the drug was evaluated in 12 normal volunteers. Mean plasma nitroglycerin levels were maximal at 2 (1.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and 5 (1.4 +/- 0.6 ng/ml) minutes, when the changes in mean heart rate (+17 +/- 7 and +12 +/- 3 min-1) and decreases in echocardiographic left ventricular diastolic (-4.2 +/- 0.8 mm at 5 minutes) and systolic (-3.1 +/- 0.6 mm at 5 minutes) dimensions were also maximal. Parallel changes were noted in left atrial dimension, ventricular velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and systolic blood pressure, but not in diastolic blood pressure. These findings demonstrate the existence of a close relation between plasma nitroglycerin levels and variables that reflect the known responses to this drug. PMID- 6792896 TI - The effect of severe zinc deficiency on serum levels of albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin in man. AB - Concentrations of three serum transport proteins, albumin, transferrin, and prealbumin, were determined in seven patients with severe zinc deficiency. Zinc deficiency was manifested not only by depressed serum zinc concentrations, but also by skin lesions typical of zinc deficiency that corrected with zinc supplementation only. Concentrations of all three serum proteins were significantly depressed in zinc-deficient patients compared to healthy controls, and levels of all three proteins improved or corrected with a short period of zinc supplementation as the sole form of therapeutic intervention. Prealbumin levels dropped and corrected most rapidly, probably due in part to its short half life of 2 days. This study demonstrates that zinc plays an important role in protein metabolism in man and is necessary for the maintenance of normal levels of certain transport proteins. These results support the possibility that zinc deficiency may alter tissue availability of other nutrients such as vitamin A or iron through its effect on transport proteins. PMID- 6792897 TI - Zinc and copper replacement during total parenteral nutrition. AB - A prospective study of zinc and copper replacement concurrently with total parenteral nutrition was undertaken during 29 courses of total parenteral nutrition in 20 tumor-bearing patients. Urinary excretion of zinc and copper was prospectively studied in eight of these subjects. While progressive declines in zinc and copper blood levels occurred in four unsupplemented control patients, maintenance of plasma trace metal concentrations within normal limits was accomplished by daily intravenous zinc and copper. A daily intravenous intake of 70 to 80 micrograms/kg of zinc and 60 to 65 micrograms/kg of copper were generally associated with normal blood levels and positive urinary balance of these trace elements. This study outlines a safe and effective zinc and copper replacement regimen in patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6792894 TI - Control of ventricular preexcitation and associated arrhythmias by encainide. PMID- 6792898 TI - Intestinal disaccharidases in malnourished infant rats. AB - In infants suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition, the decreased intestinal mucosal lactase specific activity could be due either to the protein-calorie malnutrition or to the commonly associated enteritis (viral or bacterial) and intestinal parasites. We studied intestinal mucosal disaccharidase (lactase, sucrase, and maltase) specific activity in suckling (1 and 2 wk old), weanling (3 wk old), and postweaning (4 and 6 wk old) control and growth-retarded (malnourished) rats. Growth retardation was induced by feeding mother rats and postweaning rats a diet deficient in protein. In the malnourished rats, with few exceptions, specific activity of the disaccharidases in the intestinal mucosa were similar to those in the corresponding control groups of rats. However, because of marked mucosal atrophy total intestinal mucosal disaccharidase activities were more than 50% lower in the malnourished rats. These findings suggest that the specific activity of the intestinal mucosal disaccharidases is not affected by malnutrition per se. PMID- 6792899 TI - Weight-for-height indices to assess nutritional status--a new index on a slide rule. AB - The protein-energy malnutrition classification schemes of Waterlow and McLaren, although similar in other respects, assess the weight-for-height of children in quite different ways. The drawbacks of their two methods are described, and an alternative method is presented which overcomes them. The new index is called weight/height2-for-age, and consists of the ratio weight/height2 expressed as a percentage of the same ratio for a reference child of the same age. Although the index is not age independent, it is insensitive to all but the grossest errors in age for children over 12 months old. The index is equally appropriate for the assessment of obesity. A slide-rule based on the Tanner standard is available to do the calculation. PMID- 6792900 TI - Diodoquin and linoleic acid absorption in zinc deficiency. PMID- 6792901 TI - Hepatobiliary dysfunction in infants and children associated with long-term total parenteral nutrition. A clinico-pathologic study. AB - Hepatobiliary dysfunction is a well recognized complication in infants and children on long-term total parenteral nutrition. This clinical-pathological study of fifteen patients with this syndrome suggests that cholestasis is the primary pathogenetic mechanism. The cause of the cholestasis is not well understood, but does not appear to be primarily related to the type of intravenous fluids or the occurrence of sepsis. It is suggested that the prolonged fasting results in disruption of the normal gastro-intestinal mechanisms responsible for bile production and flow. This is supported by the pathological findings, the fact that hepatobiliary dysfunction develops late (usually around 2-3 months), the observation that elevated bile acids and direct hyperbilirubinemia occurs prior to any evidence of hepatocellular necrosis and the occurrence of cholelithiasis in some patients. PMID- 6792902 TI - Histochemical estrogen receptor assay. PMID- 6792903 TI - The results of the 1979 Comprehensive blood bank survey of the College of American Pathologists. AB - The results of the 1979 Comprehensive Blood Bank Survey of the College of American Pathologists are summarized in tabular form and analyzed. Approximately 2400 laboratories participated in this program. Results of ABO grouping, Rh D typing, and compatibility testing were excellent--over 95% of the participating laboratories obtained the correct responses. Some problems were evident in the recognition of an anti-B in a group B individual, and in the identification of an anti-Cw and an anti-Jka. Sixteen percent of participants reported false positive results in typing with anti-N a cell whose phenotype was M. Other ungraded samples were supplied to provide additional unusual challenges and to review the results of the participants. Many of the questionnaires used in 1978 and 1979 contained additional questions which help define blood bank practices during these years. The responses to these questions are also listed. PMID- 6792904 TI - Summary and analysis of the mycology proficiency testing survey results of the College of American Pathologists. 1976-1979. AB - The results of the CAP Mycology Proficiency Testing Survey Programs for 1976 through 1979 are summarized and analyzed. There has been a slight, but definite, improvement in participant performance over this four year period and considerable improvement over the performance of 1972. The problems in analyzing participant performance are reviewed. The Survey Program itself is examined in the light of the stated objectives, and areas for improvement noted. PMID- 6792905 TI - Quality control of agar diffusion susceptibility tests. Data from the Quality Assurance Service Microbiology Program of the College of American Pathologists. AB - During the period from January 1979 through January 1981, 155 active participants in the Microbiology Program of the College of American Pathologists Quality Assurance Service (QAS) submitted approximately two million individuals determinations on three quality control reference strains. Of these determinations, 83% were obtained using the standardized disc-diffusion procedure of Bauer and co-workers, and, 6% using the agar overlay modification of Barry and associates. The mean and standard deviation for data obtained using these procedures were similar to those for data collected from the inception of the program in 1974 through December 1978. The number of individual determinations falling above or below existing control limits, however, was significantly less for the present data than for that previously reported. These differences result from a change in computation procedures. In the current report percentages of daily values exceeding the NCCLS limits were calculated using actual counts, whereas in the previous reports these percentages were estimated by accepting an assumption of Gaussian distribution. PMID- 6792906 TI - Use of intravenous iron dextran injection in children receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - We conducted studies using intravenous (IV) iron dextran injection in 14 hospitalized infants and children with iron deficiency who required total parenteral nutrition. A single, total dose of IV iron dextran was administered during a two-hour period (preceded by a test dose of 25 mg). Doses administered ranged from 50 to 782 mg, with an average dose of 15.2 mg/kg body weight. No adverse reactions were noted during the test dose or infusion. The IV administration of iron dextran appears to be a safe method of treatment for iron repletion in children who are unable to tolerate feedings as a result of malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, or chronic debilitating diseases. PMID- 6792907 TI - Hyperalimentation-induced cholestasis. Increased incidence and severity in premature infants. AB - Two hundren sixty-seven neonates who received parenteral nutrition were monitored for signs of liver dysfunction. Cholestatic jaundice occurred in we infants, with a higher incidence in the more immature infants. There was an inverse correlation between severity of jaundice and the degree of prematurity. Infants with cholestasis remained without gastrointestinal feedings and received parenteral nutrition for periods of time significantly higher than infants without cholestasis. The incidence of this complication did not seem to correlate with the amount of protein infusate (amino acid solution). A higher incidence of sepsis was noted in infants who were affected by cholestasis. Close monitoring for signs of liver dysfunction in all neonates receiving parenteral nutrition is strongly recommended. PMID- 6792908 TI - Picture of the month: cebocephaly. PMID- 6792909 TI - Peripheral intravenous infusion of amino acids. AB - The use of hypocaloric solutions of 3-5% amino acids, given through peripheral veins, is reviewed within the context of the protein-sparing concept. Because of technical problems associated with the use of central venous total parenteral nutrition, peripheral venous hypocaloric parenteral nutrition has been used in patients requiring short-term nutritional therapy who cannot receive adequate enteral nutrients. Partial parenteral nutrition is bases on the protein-sparing concept, which maintains that by simulating a mild fasting state in which body fat is used for energy, protein breakdown through gluconeogenesis is minimized if the patient receives adequate exogenous protein. Nitrogen balance is thus maintained at near-zero levels. Patients in whom protein-sparing therapy should be considered include well-nourished patients with normal adipose stores, skeletal muscle, and visceral protein, and who are expected to receive enteral nutrition in 7-10 days. Patients whose clinical status would be threatened by a slightly negative nitrogen balance or ketosis should not be placed on hypocaloric peripheral nutrition. Specific indications for peripheral infusion of amino acids are discussed. The use of hypocaloric solutions of amino acids through peripheral veins is a safer and less complicated technique than central venous total parenteral nutrition. The amino acids solution may be administered alone or with glucose, fat emulsion, or limited enteral feedings. Adverse effects are minimal; thrombophlebitis may occur with amino acid-glucose solutions but may be minimized by adding hydrocortisone and heparin to the infusion. PMID- 6792910 TI - Comparison of two methods for detecting microbial contamination in intravenous fluids. AB - An aliquot sampling method and a qualitative membrane filltration method of microbial detection in intravenous infusion solutions were compared. One-liter plastic bags of total parenteral nutrition solutions were contaminated at approximately 1000, 100, 10, and 1 organisms per liter using clinically isolated strains of Escheichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Candida albicans. Ten-milliliter aliquots of the solutions were injected into blood culture bottles to test the aliquot method. All remaining fluid was filtered through the Addi-Chek system to test the filtration method. Samples were incubated at 30 degrees C for 10 days and inspected daily for turbidity. The aliquot sampling method consistently detected each of the four organisms at levels of 100 organisms/liter and above. The membrane filtration method consistently detected all levels of contamination (as few as four organisms/liter). The aliquot sampling method is inexpensive and easy to use but may fail to detect some contaminated solutions. The qualitative membrane filtration system will detect all levels of contamination but is more costly in both time and money, and its reliability has not been assessed objectively. PMID- 6792911 TI - Particulate evaluation of parenteral nutrition solutions by electronic particle counting and scanning electron microscopy. AB - The particulate matter contamination of four commercial parenteral nutrition solutions that contained high concentrations of amino acids and dextrose was evaluated. Electron particle counting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the amount of particulate matter over a 24-hour-period. The effect of adding 10 meq calcium and 20 meq phosphate electrolytes on the particulate content of these four solutions was determined also. Both counting methods agreed in the rank order comparison of particulate contamination, in that the Abbott and Travenol solutions contained the fewest particles while the Cutter solutions contained the most. The addition of calcium and phosphate resulted in at least a 50% increase in the mean particle count of all solutions. The SEM analysis showed the mean presence of microscopically large, yet subvisible, particles in the solutions containing phosphate and calcium. All of the solutions followed a previously published relationship between particle number and size. Although all of the solutions contained particulate matter, even the solutions with calcium and phosphate contained fewer particles than allowable by the USP-NF standard. PMID- 6792912 TI - Amino acid stability in a mixed parenteral nutrition solution. PMID- 6792913 TI - Fungemia in the immunocompromised host. Changing patterns, antigenemia, high mortality. AB - Fungemias were reviewed in 110 immunocompromised patients hospitalized between November 1, 1974, and December 31, 1977, a Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). The incidence of Candida tropicalis fungemia increased each year. Seventy-six percent of the patients with C. tropicalis fungemia and 32.5 percent of those with C. albicans fungemia had either leukemia or lymphoma. Seventy-seven percent of the C. parapsilosis fungemias were related to total parenteral nutrition. Thirty-seven percent of the patients with C. albicans fungemia were receiving oral prophylactic nystatin therapy. The source of fungemia was often difficult to determine: in 60 percent of the patients, only blood cultures were positive for C. tropicalis or Torulopsis glabrata; no cultures were positive for the fungus from any other site before the episode occurred. Serologic tests, including a highly sensitive passive hemagglutination test, showed fourfold increases in titer only inconsistently. A passive hemagglutination-inhibition test for circulating antigen was positive in 50.9 percent of 57 patients with fungemia who were tested and may be a valid indication for treatment. Fungemia usually represented a severe and often fatal disease. The over-all mortality of the 110 patients with fungemia was 79 percent whereas only 23 percent of the patients with C. parapsilosis fungemia died. Among the patients who received more than 200 mg of amphotericin B, 71 percent died despite treatment. PMID- 6792914 TI - Familial thyroid hormone resistance. AB - Eight patients with thyroid hormone resistance were found in four generations of a kindred containing 19 members. Results of studies in this family are consistent with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance for this disorder. The affected family members were clinically euthyroid but all had goiters and markedly increased serum thyroid hormone levels: thyroxine (T4) = 21.1 +/- 2.1 microgram/dl; triiodothyronine (T3) = 323 +/- 60 ng/dl; free T4 = 5.4 +/- 0.9 ng/dl; and free T3 = 1,134 +/- 356 pg/dl (mean +/- SD). Serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels were normal or slightly elevated in six patients and responded normally to the administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and L-triiodothyronine. Two patients who had previously undergone subtotal thyroidectomy had elevated baseline serum TSH levels and exaggerated TSH responses to the administration of TRH suggesting subclinical hypothyroidism despite elevated total and free thyroid hormone levels. The absence of thyrotoxicosis and normal serum TSH levels despite elevated serum free T3 and T4 levels in the untreated members of this family are consistent with resistance of pituitary and peripheral tissues to the actions of thyroid hormones. In addition, the absence of hypothyroidism and normal responsiveness of serum TSH to TRH and L-triiodothyronine administration in untreated family members suggest that the thyroid has compensated for the hormone resistance by increased secretory activity under the control of pituitary TSH secretion. PMID- 6792915 TI - Training internists: insights from private practice. AB - University internal medicine training programs concentrate on the traditional curriculum designed to produce well-trained academicians and researchers. Increasingly internists are involved in primary patient care with over two-thirds being office based practitioners. Residency training at these institutions must make available to all residents the opportunity to learn the skills taught by primary care programs. Clinical problem solving, skills in patient-physician negotiations and patient comfort, psychiatric techniques, medical ethics, cost effectiveness analysis, and practice management are areas in which the private practitioner frequently needs help. Feedback from training program graduates in private practice could help identify such deficiencies which could be incorporated into the teaching responsibility of a division of general internal medicine. PMID- 6792916 TI - Interim report of multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled studies of nifedipine in chronic stable angina. AB - Preliminary results from multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled studies involving crossover and parallel designs were analyzed in 32 and 34 patients with stable angina pectoris entered respectively into the two protocols. The frequency of anginal attacks and the intake of nitroglycerin were decreased about 50 percent in patients receiving nifedipine, and the difference from those on placebo was statistically significant. Similarly, exercise tolerance was significantly increased with nifedipine, as evidenced by several variables, and the degree of ischemia was believed decreased, as reflected by lesser ST segment depression at peak exercise. The heart rate-blood pressure product, an approximation of myocardial oxygen consumption, was slightly but significantly decreased at equivalent workloads, but was not significantly different from placebo at the onset of angina or at maximal exercise. Adverse reactions to nifedipine, although frequent, were generally benign and usually responded to dose adjustment or improved spontaneously. These results suggest that the calcium antagonist nifedipine is effective and safe in the treatment of chronic stable angina. PMID- 6792917 TI - Beneficial enhancement of coronary blood flow by nifedipine. Comparison with nitroglycerin and beta blocking agents. PMID- 6792919 TI - Motivation as a budgetary tool. AB - Managing a cost-effective laboratory requires a knowledge of and sensitivity to the motivational needs of employees. This is discussed as it relates to traditional motivational theories and to recent studies on job satisfaction among clinical laboratory scientists. The application of this data to the clinical laboratory is described and a job enrichment plan recommended. The major focus is on understanding what motivational factors will enhance productivity and improve cost-effectiveness of clinical laboratories. PMID- 6792918 TI - A priori considerations when using laboratory determinations in cost effectiveness and clinical decision analyses. AB - The incorporation of laboratory determinations into cost-effectiveness and clinical decision analyses can be weakened by failure to consider various sources of error in the generation and utilization of laboratory data. To improve these analyses, three phases in the process that converts a patient specimen into patient treatment are identified. Phase I examines quality of methodology and laboratory performance and identifies possible errors in generation of the analyte value. Phase II considers the process by which this value is compared to normal values; possible errors involved in normal value selection and the problem of false positives and false negatives are discussed. Phase III involves the interpretation of the values; possible errors in this phase are discussed. Recommendations are made to explicitly identify sources of error in all phases and thus strengthen decision analysis involving laboratory data. PMID- 6792920 TI - Neurofibromatosis in monozygotic twins: a case report of spontaneous mutation. AB - We report female monozygotic twins with neurofibromatosis. The family history is unremarkable, and careful examination of other family members did not show evidence of the condition. It is concluded that the occurrence in this family is due to a spontaneous mutation arising in one of the parental gametes. This article examines the similarity and difference in manifestations of the disorder in this pair of monozygotic twins. PMID- 6792921 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. AB - Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome exhibits deficient activity of the enzyme arylsulfatase-B in cultured skin fibroblasts. Prenatal diagnosis was successfully attempted in two pregnancies of a consanguineous Chaldean couple whose first child is affected with Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome. In both instances, deficient arylsulfatase-B activity was observed in amniotic fluid cell cultures, and the diagnosis was confirmed by 35S-sulfate studies and postmortem enzymology and electron microscopy. The prenatal diagnosis of Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome remains problematic. Residual activity of arylsulfatase-B in the affected homozygote can make interpretation difficult, and the behavior of many lysosomal enzymes varies greatly in response to tissue culture conditions and enzyme extraction processes. PMID- 6792923 TI - Long-term enteral hyperalimentation in the pregnant women with insulin-dependent diabetes: a report of two cases. PMID- 6792922 TI - Coagulation factors in women using oral contraceptives or intrauterine contraceptive devices immediately after abortion. AB - The changes in coagulation parameters were studied in 24 women who started using microdose combined oral contraceptives immediately after first-trimester abortion. Another 24 women who had an intrauterine contraceptive device inserted at the end of the abortion procedure were studied as control subjects. In pill users, a slightly increaed tendency toward hypercoagulability was observed 1 week after abortion in terms of elevated fibrinogen and Factor VIII as well as decreased antithrombin levels. Other studies have shown that the new follicle development after first-trimester abortion starts beyond the first week. It would therefore seem that by postponing oral contraceptive use until 1 week after abortion, no decrease in the effectiveness of contraception occurs and the possible risks of hypercoagulabilty during the postabortal period can be avoided. PMID- 6792924 TI - On the correlation of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prolactin levels in plasma of women with normal menstrual cycles. AB - During seven follicular, five periovulatory, and seven luteal days of the menstrual cycle, concentrations of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), total estrogen (TE), and progesterone (P) were measured every 20 minutes over a 3 or a 5 hour period in samples of venous plasma obtained from women with normal menstrual cycles. Episodic peaks of LHRH, LH, and PRL and less pronounced elevations of FSH were observed. Correlation analysis of the study demonstrated the following: (1) During early follicular and late luteal days, a synchrony was observed between LHRH and LH pulses and trends. There was a positive correlation between LHRH and LH levels only during the early follicular days (p less than 0.05), demonstrating a probable LHRH control of LH release. (2) When TE and TE/P concentrations increased during the late follicular and early luteal days, respectively, no correlation was present between LHRH and LH levels and trends. (3) Neither a synchrony nor a correlation was detectable between LHRH and FSH pulses or levels during any of the cycle days. (4) A statistical correlation existed between LH and PRL concentrations during various days of the cycle, more specifically during the periovulatory period, suggesting a common release mechanism for these two pituitary hormones. PMID- 6792925 TI - Experimental study on the perilymphatic pressure. AB - The hydrostatic pressure was successfully and accurately measured through the round window membrane of the cat over a wide pressure range and long duration using glass micropipets of 1-5 micrometer tip inner diameter and an active nulling pressure measuring system. The dynamic changes in perilymphatic pressure occurring after inhalation of different gas mixtures (5 percent CO2 and 95 percent O2/carbogen, 5 percent and 10 percent CO2 in room air) were recorded. The maximal oxygenation of the perilymph combined with minimal increase in pressure was achieved following inhalation of carbogen. The correlation between variations of pressure of the perilymph and of the systemic blood circulation shows that a regulatory system is present in the inner ear vessels. The pressure measuring system used has proven to have all the requirements that are needed for its use in humans. PMID- 6792926 TI - Role of calcium in cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms of eccrine sweat secretion. AB - The role of Ca2+ in eccrine sweat secretion was studied using isolated cannulated monkey palm eccrine sweat glands in vitro. Removal of Ca2+ from the incubation medium promptly abolished sweat secretion induced by methacholine or phenylephrine. In contrast, isoproterenol-induced sweat secretion lasted from 40 to 220 min in a Ca2+-free medium. The methacholine-induced maximal sweat rate was a hyperbolic function of the Ca2+ concentration in the bath and reached a plateau at 1 mM Ca2+. Higher Ca2+ concentrations rather suppressed the secretory rate. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187, but not X537A, at 3 X 10(-6) M induced copious prolonged sweat secretion after a latent period of 10 min. A23187-induced sweat secretion was not inhibited by either atropine or propranolol. D 600 (methoxyverapamil) at 10(-3) M inhibited sweat secretion induced by methacholine or by isoproterenol, although the latter lasted longer than methacholine sweating (20 vs. 5 min) in the presence of D 600. The data support the notion that Ca2+ influx into the cell plays a crucial role in cholinergic and alpha-adrenergic sweating, whereas a partial supply of Ca2+ for isoproterenol-induced sweating is derived from an intracellular store. PMID- 6792927 TI - Effects of serine on protein synthesis and insulin receptors. AB - Erythroblastic leukemic cells incubated in media containing essential amino acids, glutamine, and serine subsequently bound approximately 30% more [125I]insulin than those incubated without serine. The effect was due to an increase in receptor number, without change in affinity. Other nonessential amino acids had no effect. Increased insulin binding was observed with serine concentrations of 5.5 microM and maximum effects were seen at 22 microM. Serine induced increases in insulin binding were detectable after 15 min of incubation and were abolished by the addition of cycloheximide (1 micrograms/ml) but not by actinomycin D (1 microgram/ml). Incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein was increased fourfold within 1 h by incubation with serine. The effect was detectable with 5.5 microM serine but, in contrast to insulin binding, reached a maximum at 88 microM serine. This differential dose responsiveness may represent selective posttranscriptional control of receptor synthesis, processing, insertion into the membrane, or recycling. PMID- 6792928 TI - Release of sarcoplasmic enzymes from frog skeletal muscle. AB - Isolated, intact frog muscles bathed in control saline release creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) at constant rates for several hours. The basal rates of release from "toe" muscles (CK 0.087%/min; LDH 0.105%/min) were one order of magnitude greater than those from semitendinosus muscles. This is attributed to differences in muscle mass and geometry, and to the smaller diameter of toe muscle fibers. Enzyme release rates were not affected by Na-free or Cl-free solutions, whereas LDH release rate doubled during exposure to Ca-free (EGTA-containing) saline or in the presence of isosmotic solutions containing 120 mM KCl or potassium propionate. Following mechanical injury or detergent treatment (Brij 58), the enzyme release rates into Ca-free medium reached peak values 4 and 16 times (toe muscle), and 16 and 20-30 times (semitendinosus), respectively, the control rates. The greater effect of detergent treatment is ascribed to a larger area of sarcolemmal damage plus possible changes in the state of the enzymes in the sarcoplasm. PMID- 6792929 TI - Postovulatory steroidogenesis after PMS-induced ovulation in immature female rats. AB - Thirty-day-old rats given a single subcutaneous injection of 5 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) at 0900 h ovulated on the morning of day 33 (= estrus). However, the second ovulation did not occur until 9.4 days later. To determine the mechanism responsible for the delay in the second ovulation, in vivo and in vitro determinations of steroid and peptide hormones were compared between PMS primed immature rats and adult cyclic rats. In PMS-primed rats, the corpora lutea (CL) produced progesterone for 2 days longer (until day 36) than the CL of the adult rat. Serum levels of 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, testosterone, and estradiol in PMS-primed rats were significantly lower than the corresponding values in adult rats. Serum LH was consistently lower in the PMS-primed rats. An increase in serum FSH occurred on days 36-37, which may be responsible for maturation of the follicles destined to ovulate at the second ovulation. On day 37, the nonluteal ovary of the PMS-primed rats also began to produce in vitro appreciable amounts of testosterone and estradiol. These findings suggest that the greater levels of prolactin and/or low levels of luteinizing hormone during estrus in PMS-primed rats may be responsible for the prolonged secretion of progesterone by the CL. This in turn inhibits follicular maturation, indirectly by lowering serum LH, which is reflected in reduced ability of the follicles in vitro to produce testosterone and estradiol until the CL regress. PMID- 6792930 TI - Altered prostaglandin synthesis by glomeruli from rats with unilateral ureteral ligation. AB - There is evidence that prostaglandins modulate renal hemodynamics in unilateral ureteral obstruction. We examined prostaglandin synthesis by glomeruli from rats with 24- and 72-h unilateral ureteral ligation. During prelabeling of the lipid pools with [14C]arachidonate glomeruli from the ligated kidney incorporated less 14C label than those from contralateral or normal control kidneys. However, the incorporation of [14C]arachidonate into phospholipids of glomeruli was proportionately higher in the ligated kidney. Incubation of the prelabeled glomeruli with either angiotensin II or bradykinin significantly increased release of labeled prostaglandins and turnover of [14C]arachidonate on the ligated side. Radioimmunoassay determinations showed that after 24-h ligation, glomeruli from both sides produced comparable amounts of PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, and PGE2. After 72 h, glomeruli from the ligated kidney produced more PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and TXB2 than the contralateral glomeruli. In contrast, PGE2 synthesis was higher in contralateral glomeruli. Neither angiotensin II nor bradykinin had a measurable effect on radioimmunoassayable prostaglandins. We conclude that unilateral ureteral ligation is associated with specific alterations of glomerular prostaglandin synthesis and phospholipid metabolism that are intrinsic to the glomerulus. PMID- 6792931 TI - Properties of the cat ileocecal sphincter muscle. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the length-tension properties and the response to neurohumoral agents of the feline ileocecal sphincter (ICS) circular smooth muscle in vitro. The ICS muscle during stretch maintained a higher resting tension at lower degrees of stretch than did the adjacent ileum and colon. Sodium nitroprusside (10(-3) M) or calcium-free Krebs solution with EGTA (5.0 mM) reduced the resting tension of ICS muscle by 15.8 +/- 2.1 and 19.1 +/- 2.5%, respectively. The ICS response to KCl depolarization was lower (0.37 +/- 0.03 kg/cm2) than colonic muscle (0.55 +/- 0.06 kg/cm2) oe ileal muscle (0.51 +/- 0.04 kg/cm2) (P less than 0.05). However, in response to acetylcholine, ICS muscle tension was minimal (0.06 +/- 0.02 kg/cm2) was compared with the colon (0.49 +/- 0.05 kg/cm2) or ileum (0.53 +/- 0.05 kg/cm2) (P less than 0.01). The ICS muscle contracted in response to phenylephrine, whereas other muscles were inhibited. Secretin, gastrin, glucagon, and cholecystokinin failed to act on the ICS muscle while other muscles did respond. These studies suggest that ICS muscle differs from adjacent ileal and colonic circular muscle in that a) in response to stretch it develops a high resting tension that is relatively resistant to calcium withdrawal, and b) it also shows quantitative and qualitative differences in response to neurohumoral agents. PMID- 6792932 TI - Baroreflex control of heart interval in conscious renal hypertensive dogs. AB - The purpose of this study is to determine if baroreflex control of heart interval is abnormal in conscious dogs with renal hypertension. Changes in heart interval in response to transient nitroglycerin-induced decreases in arterial pressure and transient phenylephrine-induced increases in arterial pressure were determined in nine normotensive [mean arterial pressure 92 +/- 4 (SE) mmHg] and nine renal hypertensive conscious dogs (mean arterial pressure 139 +/- 10 mmHg). Data were acquired before and after beta-adrenergic blockade with 2 mg/kg iv propranolol and before and after parasympathetic blockade with 0.5 mg/kg iv atropine. Control heart rates for the normotensive and hypertensive dogs were not different (91 +/- 4 and 93 +/- 7 beats/min, respectively). Before autonomic blockade, the responses of normotensive and hypertensive dogs to nitroglycerin were not different. However, prolongation of the heart interval in response to phenylephrine in hypertensive dogs was significantly less than in normotensive dogs. In both groups, atropine nearly abolished the decrease in heart interval in response to nitroglycerin and the increase in heart interval in response to phenylephrine, although there were small but significant residual responses. Propranolol was without significant effect on heart interval responses to nitroglycerin and phenylephrine. We conclude that the baroreflex control of heart interval during transient decreases in arterial pressure is preserved in hypertensive dogs and is mediated mainly by decreases in parasympathetic outflow to the heart. In contrast, baroreflex control of heart interval during transient increases in arterial pressure is impaired in hypertension and is mediated mainly by activation of parasympathetic cholinergic mechanisms. PMID- 6792933 TI - Regional oxygen consumption and supply in heart: effect of methoxamine-induced pressure rise. AB - The effect of raising arterial blood pressure 50 mmHg with methoxamine on regional left ventricular O2 supply and consumption was studied in 27 pentobarbital-anesthetized open-chest rabbits. Three groups of animals were studied: 1) control, 2) methoxamine infusion sufficient to raise pressure 50 mmHg, and 3) methoxamine infusion sufficient to raise pressure 50 mmHg with atrial pacing to maintain heart rate. Subepicardial (epi) and subendocardial (endo) O2 saturations were determined with a microspectrophotometric technique. Regional flow was determined with radioactive microspheres and regional O2 consumption by the Fick principle. In the control group, endo venous O2 saturation [31 +/- 3% (SE)] was lower than epi (42 +/- 2%). There were no significant regional differences in blood flow (avg 128 +/- 2 ml . min-1 . 100 g 1). With methoxamine when heart rate fell, there were no differences in regional flow or consumption when compared to control. During methoxamine infusion, when heart rate was maintained, there was higher coronary blood flow (361 +/- 52 ml . min-1 . 100 g-1) and O2 consumption (27 +/- 4 ml O2 . min-1 . 100 g-1). No regional differences, epi vs. endo, were found in this group. After a 50-mmHg pressure rise, the endo region of the left ventricle had an increased O2 consumption mediated by an increased coronary blood flow without a significant rise in O2 extraction, similarly to epi. PMID- 6792934 TI - Effects of insulin on ventricular function in diabetic lambs with acidosis. AB - Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in 10 lambs by giving alloxan (150 mg/kg). Two to 4 days later, mean values for glucose were 748 mg/dl, and for arterial pH 7.25 (acute group). Two additional lambs were studied after 3 mo of DM (chronic group). Data were compared with 7 controls (glucose 128 mg/dl, pH 7.36). Left ventricular (LV) performance was assessed from function curves and measurements of LV dP/dtmax. Stroke volume ejected at LV end-diastolic pressure of 5 cmH2O (SV5) was calculated from regression analysis of each curve. SV5 averaged 2.83 +/ 0.34 ml in controls and 2.90 +/- 0.23 ml in the acute diabetics (not significant). Mean values for LV dP/dtmax also did not differ. A significant correlation was found between SV5 and LV weight (P less than 0.001). SV5 was normalized as ml/100 g LV, and average values for the three groups were identical. Insulin (10 U/kg) caused a progressive fall in SV5 in diabetics with severe acidosis (pH 7.00), but not in those with less acidosis (pH 7.28). In nondiabetics given lactic acid (pH 7.01), SV5 fell to 60% of initial values 1 h after insulin. Acidemic animals not given insulin showed no reduction in LV performance in the same time interval. Adrenergic support is necessary to prevent cardiac failure associated with acidosis. The present findings are ascribed to inhibition by insulin of catecholamine inotropic action on myocardium. PMID- 6792935 TI - The relationship of tarsal coalitions to ankle sprains in athletes. AB - A review of charts and x-ray films of individuals who sustained ankle sprains was carried out to determine the presence of calcaneonavicular coalition. Coalitions were present in 63% of 215 patients with 223 ankle sprains. In 130 ankle sprains recorded as occurring directly in athletics, 65% of the x-ray films showed some degree of calcaneal navicular abnormality. This study found a much higher percentage of coalitions than anticipated in either the general population or the injured athletic population and reinforced the belief that there may be an underlying anatomic predisposition to ankle sprains. PMID- 6792936 TI - Mycobacterial and fungal skin sensitivity patterns among remote population groups in Papua New Guinea, and in the New Hebrides, Solomon, and Caroline Islands. AB - Simultaneous intradermal sensitivity testing to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (PPD S), six different atypical mycobacteria (PPD-A, B, F, G, T, and Y), Coccidiosides immitis (coccidioidin), and Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmin) was performed on 560 subjects among the relatively isolated island populations of Ifaluk (Caroline Islands), Loh and Merig (New Hebrides), Anuta (Solomon Islands), and in the Mala (Amdei) and Iwane (Simbari) villages of the Anga linguistic groups in the Marawaka area of the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. At the time these tests were performed (Mala and Iwane villages, and Ifaluk Atoll in 1967, and Loh, Merig, and Anuta Islands in 1972), all island populations had already had a long history of sporadic European contact, whereas the New Guinean villages of Mala and Iwane had remained virtually unexposed to the outside world. Using a dose of 0.001 mg PPD per 0.0 ml (5 TU), and considering induration of at least 10 mm at 48 hours to represent a positive reaction, skin sensitivity to M. tuberculosis was found to be absent among the Anga, and to have an incidence of 11% on Loh, 17% on Merig, 34% on Ifaluk, and 55% on Anuta. Data on the prevalence of tuberculous infection obtained by skin tests reflected the reported prevalence of symptomatic tuberculosis in all groups. The frequency of reactions to 0.0001 mg doses of the atypical mycobacterial antigens corresponded to tuberculin sensitivity in the different groups: none among the Anga, sporadic on Loh and Merig, and common on Ifaluk and Anuta. However, analysis of PPD profiles suggests that actions greater than or equal to 5 mm to a 0.1 ml dose of 1:100 coccidioidin were observed in 26% of the population of Ifaluk, and of 1:100 histoplasmin in 8% of the population of Anuta, and 14-16% of the populations of the two New Guinean villages. PMID- 6792937 TI - Immunoenzymatic assy (ELISA) in mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, kala-azar, and Chagas' disease: an epimastigote Trypanosoma cruzi antigen able to distinguish between anti-Trypanosoma and anti-Leishmania antibodies. AB - Areas where mucocutaneous leishmaniasis, kala-azar and Chagas' disease are prevalent often overlap in Latin America. Due to a variable degree of cross reactivity between the three etiological agents and antibodies synthesized during the course of the disease, a test able to distinguish between them is greatly needed. Saline-extracted antigen from live Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes behaved towards Chagas' disease sera in immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA) with the same specificity and sensitivity as the antigen used routinely for such tests. In tests using mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or kala-azar sera, the live T. cruzi antigen showed a much lower geometric mean titer (GMT) than the standard T. cruzi antigen. In ELISA tests with L. braziliensis antigen a higher GMT was seen with kala-azar sera than with those from cases of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. Also, sera from Vale do Ribeira leishmaniasis showed higher GMT with an L. donovani antigen than with a homologous one. Such discrepancies were not seen in immunofluorescence tests employing the same sera and antigens. PMID- 6792938 TI - Twenty-four hour esophageal pH monitoring by telemetry. Cost-effective use in outpatients. PMID- 6792940 TI - Medical grand rounds: new infectious diseases. PMID- 6792941 TI - Ultrastructure of lymphocytes and skin in mucopolysaccharidosis IV A (Morquio syndrome). AB - Contrary to the reported absence of lymphocytic vacuoles in Morquio syndrome, lysosomal vacuoles were demonstrated by electron microscopy in lymphocytes and dermal cells of a 2 1/2-year-old Turkish girl biochemically and clinically proven to have type A of MPS IV or Morquio syndrome. PMID- 6792939 TI - [Pergonal-500 induction of ovulation]. PMID- 6792942 TI - Differential effects of TRH, amphetamine, naloxone, and fenmetozole on ethanol actions: attenuation of the effects of punishment and impairment of aerial righting reflex. AB - The effects of four putative ethanol antagonists [thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), naloxone, d-amphetamine, and fenmetozole] on two distinct behavioral actions of ethanol were compared. TRH (20-40 mg/kg) reduced ethanol-induced impairment of the aerial righting reflex (ARR) but enhanced the ethanol-induced increase in punished drinking (anticonflict effect). Naloxone antagonized both actions of ethanol but only at high doses (20-60 mg/kg). Amphetamine (1-4 mg/kg) abolished the ethanol effect on punished drinking but did not alter its impairment of the ARR (1-8 mg/kg). Conversely, fenmetozole antagonized the ethanol impairment of the ARR (15-30 mg/kg) but not ethanol's anticonflict action. The inconsistent pattern of "antagonist" interactions of these drugs with the behavioral actions of ethanol suggests that ethanol alters several neurochemical systems to produce its behavioral effects. PMID- 6792943 TI - Parenteral administration of trace elements to critically ill patients. AB - Studies of zinc, copper, manganese, chromium, selenium and molybdenum balance were carried out in eight patients in an intensive care unit. In six of these, nickel balance was also measured. The amount of each element in fluid administered to the patients, and the amount lost in urine and gastrointestinal fluid on each of seven days, was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry and cumulative balances calculated. Satisfactory balances of zinc, copper and manganese were obtained when the amounts administered approximated those currently recommended. Chromium balances were variable, while those of molybdenum, selenium and nickel were negative in most patients. Interpretation of balance studies of this type in critically ill patients is made difficult by abnormal renal and gastrointestinal function. PMID- 6792944 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin during surgery for coronary artery disease. PMID- 6792945 TI - Technical aspects of bronchopulmonary lavage for alveolar proteinosis: two case reports. AB - Under general anaesthesia, therapeutic bronchopulmonary lavage was performed in two patients suffering from alveolar proteinosis. In one patient, difficulties were experienced during attempted lavage of the right lung. Fluid trapping occurred when saline was infused down the tracheal (right) lumen of a Carlen's double lumen endobronchial tube and also when a left Robertshaw tube was similarly used. Spillover of saline into the left lung occurred when a right Robertshaw was used. Efficient lavage of the right lung could only be performed after insertion of a White endobronchial tube. In the second patient, both lungs were washed without problem using a left Robertshaw tube after difficulty had been experienced with a Carlen's tube. In both cases venous admixture was least when the lavaged lung was filled with saline. Hypoxaemia increased as the lung was drained. Details of technique are discussed as are problems with double lumen endobronchial tubes used during the procedure. PMID- 6792946 TI - Immobilization of invertase on modified nylon tubes. PMID- 6792947 TI - Preparative isoelectric focusing in agarose. PMID- 6792949 TI - Rapid purification of human placental aldose reductase. PMID- 6792948 TI - Methods for the identification of N-asparaginyl and O-seryl/threonyl glycosidic linkages to aminosugars in glycoproteins. PMID- 6792950 TI - PCBs: regulatory history and analytical problems. PMID- 6792951 TI - [Spermatogram evaluation in cases with Crohn disease]. AB - In 29 men with Morbus Crohn sperm density was less than 20 MIll/ml in 14 cases. There was a lack of motility of spermatozoa in 19 cases and 26 cases Spermmorphology was pathological. Although the LH-and Testosteron-levels were normal, we found decreased FSH-levels in six cases. Seminalplasmafluid was pathological in 10 cases. According to the guidelines of Eliasson for estimating semen qualities, 21 were severe pathological, 4 were pathological and 4 doubtful. We discussed the different etiological possibilities of Morbus Crohn and their possible influences on spermatogenesis. PMID- 6792952 TI - Enhancement of phentolamine by nitrates in patients with congestive heart failure. AB - Phentolamine dilates the resistance bed and to a lesser degree the capacitance bed, while the nitrates have the opposite action. Therefore, in 7 patients with congestive heart failure due to congestive cardiomyopathy, hemodynamic measurements were made using a Swan Ganz thermodilution catheter and cardiac output computer. The patients received 5 mg of an IV infusion of phentolamine administered at 0.3 mg/minute. At the end of the infusion, the pressures and cardiac output were obtained. Then, 2 1/2 inches of nitroglycerin ointment was applied to the chest, and the hemodynamic parameters were obtained 30 minutes later. Phentolamine produced a significant reduction in the right and left ventricular filling pressures and a significant increase in the cardiac output. The hemodynamic effects of phentolamine are known to persist for an hour or longer. The addition of nitroglycerin ointment led to a further reduction in the right and left ventricular filling pressures. Thus, the combination of phentolamine and nitrates can be effectively used in the treatment of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6792953 TI - Localization of proacrosin on the inner acrosomal membrane of spermatozoa in rabbits and hamsters. PMID- 6792954 TI - Diaphragmatic and genioglossal electromyogram responses to isocapnic hypoxia in humans. AB - In order to define the relationship between central control of upper airway and respiratory muscle function, diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi) and genioglossal EMG (EMGge) responses to isocapnic hypoxia were studied in 6 awake supine volunteers. Both EMGs were processed and quantitated as moving time average activity. In all subjects, EMGge showed phasic inspiratory activity synchronous with EMGdi. Increases seen in EMGdi and EMGge were linearly related to the decrease in oxygen saturation (r = 0.89 +/- 0.08 and 0.89 +/- 0.08, respectively). There was also a linear relationship between the relative responses of both EMGs to hypoxia such that a low EMGdi response was associated with a low EMGge response and vice versa (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). These results indicated that the genioglossus muscle behaves like a respiratory muscle and suggested that central control of upper airway and respiratory muscles in humans are intimately related. PMID- 6792955 TI - Mixed venous oxygenation, exercise, body posture, and v/q ratio in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Mixed venous oxygenation (partial pressure, PVO2; saturation, SVO2) and its impact on pulmonary function at rest in the supine position (SUP), at rest in the standing position (STAND), and during maximal treadmill exercise (Emax), were studied in 41 stable patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, using arterial and right heart (Swan-Ganz) catheterization. The patients represented a broad spectrum of disease severity (VC, 3.1 +/- 0.9 L; FEF 25-75, 1.0 +/- 0.7 L). It was found that: (a) venous oxygenation was uniform among different patients in the supine position at rest (PVO2, 33.8 +/- 2.4 mmHg' SVO2, 76.2 +/- 3.6%), regardless of the heterogeneity in airway obstruction, as previously reported by others; (b) venous oxygenation was also uniform in STAND (PVO2, 29.5 +/- 2.5 mmHg; SVO2, 58 +/- 3.9%) and treadmill Emax (PVO2, 22.4 +/- 3.3 mmHg; SVO2, 34.4 +/- 6%), an observation not previously reported; (c) the orthostatic mixed venous desaturation at rest was pronounced, and was nearly as great as that from STAND to Emax; (d) the potential effect of mixed venous desaturation on alveolar O2 partial pressure (PAO2) and end-capillary O2 saturation (SCO2) was not obvious from SUP to STAND, and from STAND to Emax conditions, being masked by an appropriate increase in overall V/Q ratio; (e) because of constant SCO2 and low interindividual variations of SVO2, there was a high correlation of arterial saturation (SaO2) to venous admixture (Qva/Qt, sum of true shunt and shuntlike components) for each of the conditions studied. Hence, because of high correlation of the equations relating SaO2 to Qva/Qt (r greater than 0.9), these relationships might be used for noninvasive prediction of Qva/Qt from SaO2 in patients with COPD. PMID- 6792956 TI - Inhibition of sulfur dioxide-induced bronchoconstriction by disodium cromoglycate in asthmatic subjects. AB - To determine whether disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn) inhibits the bronchoconstriction produced by inhalation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in people with asthma, we undertook a study of 6 asthmatic subjects. Each subject inhaled 40 mg of cromolyn on one day and lactose placebo on another day 20 min before inhaling SO2 for 10 min while exercising at a moderate rate (400 kpm/min) on a bicycle ergometer. Sulfur dioxide was delivered in humidified air at ambient temperature in concentrations of 0.5 ppm (3 subjects) or 1.0 ppm (3 subjects). Cromolyn and lactose treatments were given to each subject in a randomized sequence and in a double-blind manner. On a third day, each subject exercised at the same work rate breathing humidified air without SO2 at ambient temperature. We measured specific airway resistance (SRaw) in a body plethysmograph every 30 s for 10 min before and after each of the 3 periods of exercise. After treatment with lactose, SO2 inhalation significantly increased SRaw in all 6 subjects (from a baseline of 6.5 +/- 0.9 to 19.0 +/- 4.8 L x cm H2O/L/s (mean +/- SE) after SO2). After treatment with cromolyn, SO2 inhalation caused no increase in SRaw in 4 subjects and a small rise in 2 subjects. The mean increase in SRaw (from a baseline of 7.3 +/- 0.9 to 10.0 +/- 1.5 L x cm H2O/L/s after SO2) was significantly smaller than after lactose treatment (p less than 0.025). Exercise alone had no effect on SRaw in any subject. Thus, cromolyn inhibits SO2-induced bronchoconstriction in subjects with asthma. This finding suggests either that SO2 induces bronchoconstriction by stimulating the release of mediators from mast cells or that cromolyn inhibits bronchoconstriction by a mechanism independent of its effect on mast cells. PMID- 6792957 TI - Disordered breathing during sleep in hypothyroidism. AB - A 58-yr-old man with hypothyroidism and sleep apnea syndrome was studied to determine the cause of the nocturnal obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation. Control studies showed free thyroxine (T4) concentration of 0.7 ng/dl (normal, 0.8 to 2.3 ng/dl), and thyroid-stimulating hormone of 32 microIU/ml (normal, less than 12 microIU/ml). Weight, pulmonary function, arterial blood gases, minute ventilation to carbon dioxide production ratio (VE/VCO2), and the ventilatory response to exercise (delta VE/delta VCO2) were normal. Episodes of obstructive apnea (4 per hour during non-REM (NREM) and 10 per hour during REM) and oxygen desaturation (9 per hour during NREM and 11 per hour during REM) were common during sleep. Oxygen saturation ranged between 72 and 99% and 70 and 97% during NREM and REM sleep, respectively. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy for 4 wk caused a reduction in awake PaCO2 (38 to 33 mm Hg), and an increase in VE/VCO2 (17%), mouth occlusion pressure (50%), and AVE/VCO2 (23%). During sleep, apneas were completely eliminated and only one episode of oxygen desaturation occurred. L-thyroxine therapy for 2 months after a placebo period caused an awake isocapnic hyperpnea with no change in PaCO2 and VE/VCO2 despite a 23% increase in VE. Mouth occlusion pressure increased 37% but delta VE/delta VCO2 was unchanged. Obstructive apnea and oxygen desaturation during sleep were completely eliminated with L-thyroxine. The patient noted completed relief of symptoms with both MPA and L-thyroxine. We concluded that the sleep apnea syndrome was the presenting manifestation of hypothyroidism in this patient and was solely responsible for his symptoms and disability. PMID- 6792958 TI - Early postoperative jejunal feeding of elemental diet in gastrointestinal surgery. AB - Gastric and colonic ileus after major abdominal operation precludes normal oral nutrition in the immediate postoperative period. Since small bowel motility and absorptive capacity are present immediately after operation, the small bowel may be used for feeding. We prospectively evaluated the efficacy of early postoperative jejunal feeding of elemental diet in three groups of patients. Fourteen adults undergoing elective partial colectomy were randomized to receive jejunal feeding of elemental diet (ED) or isotonic intravenous infusions of dextrose (IV). Considering all avenues of nutrition for the first ten postoperative days, seven ED patients received a mean daily input of 2283 calories and 14.1 grams of nitrogen compared to 800 calories and 3.4 grams of nitrogen for the seven IV controls (P less than 0.005). The ED patients lost 2.4 per cent of their body weight during the first postoperative month compared to a 6.1 per cent weight loss for the IV controls (P less than 0.005). The ED group required an intravenous catheter for 1.8 days, compared to 6.6 days for the IV group (P less than 0.005). Twenty consecutive patients subjected to major upper gastrointestinal operations received a daily mean of 1468 calories and 9.7 grams of nitrogen jejunally during the first ten postoperative days. Mean weight loss at two and four weeks postoperatively was 2.8 per cent and 3.5 per cent of preoperative weight. Ten patients received jejunal elemental diet for longer than one month because of postoperative complications or adjunctive therapy for cancer. Mean weight loss was 2.8 per cent. Early postoperative jejunal feeding of elemental diet supplies more nutrients and results in less weight loss than does intravenous therapy with isotonic dextrose. Early postoperative feeding is of value in patients undergoing major operations on the upper gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6792959 TI - Vascular access in hemophilia. AB - Patients with severe factor VIII deficiency hemophilia require recurrent factor VIII infusion for complications of their bleeding diathesis, resulting in depletion of peripheral infusion sites. At the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill, many hemophiliac patients are seen yearly. Therapy for some of these patients requires recurrent administration of factor VIII concentrates. Recent experience with two patients who had exhausted peripheral venous infusion sites necessitated innovative vascular access. Our favorable experience with subcutaneous bovine heterografts prompted use of this technique. An easily cannulated infusion site resulted and facilitated factor VIII concentrate infusion. Patients with bleeding disorders represent a whole new population who may require vascular access. Our experience suggests that it is practical to expand the scope of access to include these patients. PMID- 6792960 TI - [Pediatric care in rural hospitals. Two years' experience (author's transl)]. AB - Rural hospitals have an increasing importance in pediatric hospital care as the organization of Public Health is becoming more rational in our country. There is little information about the possibilities for adequate care in rural hospitals. Statistics for admissions, occupancy, morbidity, etc. of two years experience are reported as a base line for guidance in the planning of this type of centers. From data reported, evidence is that neonatal pathology contributes with about one half of hospital admissions. On the other hand infectious diseases represent the largest single cause group of hospital admissions for infants and older children. Mortality is mainly due to that of premature infants with weights under 1.500 grams and low gestational age. PMID- 6792961 TI - [Neonatal neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - Authors present a patient born with fibular pseudoarthrosis and tibial bowing of the same side. X-ray findings and biopsy confirm diagnosis of neurofibromatosis. The clinical findings of the disease are reviewed with special mention of bone manifestations. PMID- 6792962 TI - [Juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia associated with familial neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6792963 TI - Beclomethasone dipropionate. AB - Experience with beclomethasone dipropionate during the past 5 years has confirmed and extended the original observation that it is an effective, topically active corticosteroid of great value in treating asthma. Most steroid-dependent asthmatic patients can be successfully controlled with the drug, at least most of the time, and the therapeutic effect is dose dependent. Although high doses may be associated with some adrenal suppression such doses do not cause systemic symptoms, and side effects are of little consequence. It is important that patients treated with steroid aerosols continue to receive other effective therapeutic agents, notably adrenergic drugs, particularly by aerosol, and theophylline compounds; that they learn how to inhale the aerosol properly; and, most important, that they promptly start taking oral steroids when they experience an exacerbation of asthma. PMID- 6792964 TI - Terminal stabilization of intraocular lenses with sodium hydroxide. PMID- 6792965 TI - Labyrinthine segment and geniculate ganglion of facial nerve in fetal and adult human temporal bones. AB - The later stages of development (15-40 weeks in utero) of the geniculate ganglion and labyrinthine segment of the facial nerve in the human fetus demonstrate minimal neuronal growth. The vascular supply is well established. The major changes occur in the perineural ossification pattern. The canal of the labyrinthine facial nerve segment ossifies first via the petrous apex and periotic capsule. The narrowest portion of the canal is at the geniculate ganglion in the earlier stages and at the fundus of the internal auditory canal at term. The geniculate ganglion area ossifies by means of two bony plates. The medial plate is a derivate of the periosteal growth of the petrous apex and the lateral plate is an extension of membranous bone from the squama. The major relationships to the middle ear do not change. The hiatus of the facial canal diminishes in size during gestation, but remains patent at birth. PMID- 6792966 TI - Proceedings of the seminar on sinusoidal harmonic acceleration and computerized optokinetic tracking tests. PMID- 6792967 TI - Sinusoidal harmonic acceleration. AB - The need for accurate and reliable diagnostic tests for the evaluation of vestibular function has stimulated investigation of rotational methods and more recently, an evaluation of harmonic angular acceleration. Initial studies, using these techniques in humans, demonstrated a linear input-output function from 0.24 to 0.04 cycles/s at 0.4 radians/s2, but a reduction in the increase of response with an increase of acceleration or a decrease of frequency from this range. Nystagmic responses were symmetrical in these same normal individuals. In patients with vestibular disease, input-output functions, as well as symmetry, were altered, and appeared related to the degree of pathology. Evaluation of the test system in animals, rendered ototoxic with streptomycin, showed a depression in response similar to caloric tests. All data suggested that harmonic angular acceleration provided a reliable and sensitive method for evaluation of vestibular function, and a useful and important confirmation to the other methods that are available for these evaluations. PMID- 6792968 TI - Comparison of subjective symptomatology and responses to harmonic acceleration in patients with Meniere's disease. AB - Vestibular function testing employing caloric stimulation has been of limited value in the evaluation of patients with Meniere's disease, with its cardinal shortcoming being poor repeatability. This modality has not been useful in determining appropriate treatment for these individuals. We have used low frequency harmonic acceleration to study patients with vestibular pathology and have noted a high level of repeatability of responses to this type of stimulation. This study was designed to determine if the clinical status of patients with Meniere's disease could be correlated with their responses to harmonic acceleration. Thirty-six patients with typical symptoms of Meniere's disease were evaluated and divided into four groups based on severity of symptoms. Analysis of variance of the phase shifts in asymmetry (or preponderance) showed a significant difference between the groups. Responses to this type of stimulation correlated with the clinical status of the patients to a significant degree. These data indicate that harmonic acceleration can be of value to the otologist in the evaluation of patients with Meniere's disease. PMID- 6792969 TI - The optokinetic test and the ENG test battery. AB - The importance of including optokinetic nystagmus as part of a more comprehensive visual test battery in ENG testing is discussed. Useful clinical information may be obtained which not only may confirm the presence of peripheral disease, but also may reveal evidence of disturbed central vestibular function. The technique and some of the diagnostic possibilities are described. PMID- 6792970 TI - Sinusoidal harmonic acceleration labyrinthine test: clinical experience. AB - Responses of 135 patients subjected to Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration Labyrinthine Test are reported. These patients are categorized into four clinical impression disease groups: 1) classic Meniere's disease; 2) labyrinthine ischemia; 3) neurological diseases; 4) no labyrinthine or neurological disease. A case report in each category is presented. We find Sinusoidal Harmonic Acceleration Labyrinthine Test to be a useful tool in evaluation of the dizzy patient. PMID- 6792973 TI - [Treatment of severe diabetic ketoacidosis in children. A comparative study of two methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6792971 TI - An overview of ocular motor neurophysiology. AB - A review of current concepts in ocular motor neurophysiology is presented. Four separate subsystems of eye movements are recognized: saccadic, smooth pursuit, vergence, and vestibular. Each subsystem is characterized by different physiologic characteristics and different anatomic substrates which may be selectively affected in different pathologic states. A further eye movement response, optokinetic nystagmus, is complex and may be considered a separate system. To regard the horizontal optokinetic response as merely a combination of pursuit and saccades is an oversimplification but one which may be useful in clinical localization. PMID- 6792972 TI - Developing a computer laboratory for neurotologic diagnosis. AB - The authors, with the help of a community hospital engineering staff, constructed a modern neurotological testing facility capable of performing on-line computer measurements of vestibulo-oculomotor, visual vestibulo-oculomotor, smooth pursuit, saccade, and optokinetic reflexes. The laboratory was built from component parts and uses a Digital Corporation laboratory computer. Programs from the UCLA Human Vestibular Laboratory were modified to work with the new laboratory. Construction and program modification cost $60,000 and was completed in seven months. The laboratory was working at full capacity six months after construction testing patients with suspected neurotologic and neurologic disorders. The procedures of construction as well as the financial and safety problems are discussed. PMID- 6792974 TI - Diagnosis of gamma heavy-chain disease. PMID- 6792976 TI - Bacterial meningitis--a five year review 1975--1979. AB - In a five year period 142 cases of bacterial meningitis were reported, of which 50 per cent were children under the age of four years and a third of the children were neonates. The commonest organism isolated was Streptococcus pneumoniae, there being 28 cases. The incidence of Klebsiella organism causing meningitis has been on the increase, and 20 cases were reported within this period. There has been a change in pattern of neonatal meningitis, with group B streptococcal infection predominating over the gram negatives. PMID- 6792975 TI - Scrub typhus 1980. AB - Scrub typhus is a widespread and at times serious infection in Asia. If results from central Malaysia can be applied, it appears to be economically important. Diagnosis is often difficult and treatment prone to fail if short courses of antibiotics are used. Prophylaxis is the key area of research with the development of a vaccine being the ultimate goal. PMID- 6792977 TI - Sheep gene mapping by somatic cell hybridization. III. Synteny between pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) in domestic sheep. AB - Twenty-five independent chinese hamster x sheep hybrids were analysed for ovine pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) and mannosephosphate isomerase (MPI). An independent segregation is observed between PKM2 and MPI, whereas the results show a synteny between PKM2 and NP. PMID- 6792978 TI - Lactobacillus prophylaxis for diarrhea due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. AB - In vitro and animal experiments indicated that lactobacilli might prevent Escherichia coli from colonizing the intestine and may produce substances counteracting enterotoxin. Lactinex, a commercial preparation of dried Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. bulgaricus, is marketed for uncomplicated diarrhea. Preliminary experiments in nonfasting volunteers indicated that lactobacilli in this preparation colonized the small intestine for up to 6 h. To evaluate the protective efficacy of Lactinex, a double-blind randomized study was carried out in which 48 volunteers (23 receiving Lactinex and 25 receiving placebos) were challenged with E. coli strains that produced heat-stable or heat labile enterotoxins or both. No significant differences between the two groups were noted with respect to attack rate, incubation period, duration of diarrhea, volume and number of liquid stools, and coproculture yields. These data suggest that this lactobacillus preparations does not prevent or alter the course of enterotoxigenic E. coli diarrhea in adults. Lack of efficacy occurred despite efforts to maximize small bowel colonization, including administration of Lactinex in milk and in a 6-hour-interval regimen during 36 h before and 96 h after challenge. PMID- 6792979 TI - Competition of beta-lactam antibiotics for the penicillin-binding proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The affinities of nine structurally different beta-lactam antibiotics for the three major gonococcal penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) were determined by using a competition assay with tritium-labeled penicillin and live, growing bacteria. Each determination was carried out in parallel in isogenic pairs of penicillin-susceptible (minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin, 0.0075 microgram/ml) and intrinsically penicillin-resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration of penicillin, 0.5 microgram/ml) cells. Evidence is presented indicating that (i) PBP 3 may be a dispensable function; (ii) acquisition of resistance is accompanied by change in the beta-lactam antibiotic affinities of PBP 2 but not of PBP 1; (iii) PBP 2 appears to be the most important physiological target in the penicillin-susceptible strain; in the penicillin resistant strain, PBP 1 seems to assume this role. The relative affinities of various beta-lactam antibiotics for the individual PBPs showed substantial variation with the antibiotic structure. PMID- 6792980 TI - Synergistic activities of fortimicin A and beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The inhibitory and bactericidal activities of fortimicin A (FTM-A) alone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with those of FTM-A in combination with beta lactam antibiotics. As tested by the checkerboard method, most beta-lactam antibiotics tested had synergistic effects on the inhibitory activity of FTM-A against one strain of P. aeruginosa. Addition of a sublethal concentration of carbenicillin resulted in a significant increase in the rate of bacterial killing of FTM-A against P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of FTM-A against 50 gentamicin-susceptible and 50 gentamicin-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa was clearly enhanced by addition of a subinhibitory concentration of carbenicillin or piperacillin. PMID- 6792981 TI - Effect of penicillin G on release of peptidoglycan fragments by Neisseria gonorrhoeae: characterization of extracellular products. AB - The effect of penicillin G (penG) on the turnover and release of peptidoglycan (PG) by Neisseria gonorrhoeae RD5 was investigated. We previously showed that exponentially growing gonococci (labeled in the glycan moiety with glucosamine and muramic acid and in the peptide with diaminopimelic acid) turn over ca. 35% of their PG per generation. In current studies, addition of penG accelerated the rate of PG hydrolysis by more than twofold and resulted in a corresponding increase in the amount of soluble PG fragments found in the medium. This increase of soluble PG was accounted for mainly by the release of nonreducing (anhydro muramyl-containing) disaccharide peptide dimers (molecular weight, about 2,000) and trimers that were composed of subunits, linked not by peptide cross-linking bonds, but probably only by glycosidic bonds. The enhanced release of these products suggested that penG, directly or indirectly, stimulates the activity of a glycan-splitting, gonococcal PG:PG-6 muramyl transferase (transglycosylase). PG monomers that were released in the presence of penG were identical, both qualitatively and quantitatively, to the monomers released as a result of turnover in the absence of penG and consisted of anhydro-muramyl-containing disaccharide tripeptides and tetrapeptides. PenG-treated bacteria consistently released slightly less free disaccharide and free peptides than did control cultures, implying a penG-associated depression in the activity of the gonococcal N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine amidase. In addition to stimulating the release of PG fragments, penG was also associated with greatly enhanced release from cells of glucosamine-containing non-PG macromolecule(s). PMID- 6792982 TI - Comparative in vitro synergistic activity of new beta-lactam antimicrobial agents and amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. AB - The in vitro synergistic activities of moxalactam, cefoperazone, or cefotaxime in combination with amikacin or piperacillin were compared against aminoglycoside susceptible and aminoglycoside-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens by the checkerboard agar dilution method. All antimicrobial combinations demonstrated some synergy, and no antagonism was observed. Moxalactam plus amikacin and piperacillin plus amikacin were most frequently synergistic (two-thirds of the isolates inhibited synergistically by each combination), whereas combinations of moxalactam, cefotaxime, or cefoperazone with piperacillin were synergistic against only 18 to 25% of the isolates. Moxalactam plus amikacin was the combination most often synergistic for amikacin susceptible P. aeruginosa, and piperacillin plus amikacin was the combination most frequently synergistic for amikacin-resistant P. aeruginosa and amikacin susceptible S. marcescens. These results demonstrate frequent in vitro synergistic activity between the new beta-lactam agents and amikacin (especially moxalactam or piperacillin with amikacin), but comparative clinical trials are needed to establish the relative efficacy and toxicity of these combinations. PMID- 6792983 TI - Beta-lactam susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Gonococci isolated in France from urethral and endocervical cultures in 12 women with pelvic inflammatory disease were similar, in their susceptibility to six beta-lactam antibiotics as determined by an agar dilution procedure, to isolates from patients with uncomplicated anogenital infections (83 patients). These data contrast with earlier study done in the United States. PMID- 6792984 TI - External fixation: option for fractures. PMID- 6792985 TI - Aflatoxin contamination of preharvest corn as influenced by timing and method of inoculation. AB - Four corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids were grown in 1977 and 1978 and inoculated with Aspergillus flavus Link 20 or 40 days after silking. Inoculation methods included needle, knife, and multiple-puncture injury to the kernels. The level of aflatoxin contamination, insect damage to the ear, and the percentage of ears having visible greenish A. flavus Link-type mold were determined. Differences among hybrids were not significant for any of the three characteristics measured, although aflatoxin levels of the early-maturing, loose-husked hybrids were approximately twice as high as those of two later-maturing, tight-husked types. Differences among treatments for insect damage rating were not statistically significant. Delaying inoculation until 40 days after silking significantly reduced the aflatoxin contamination level of samples harvested at maturity. Fewer than one-half the ears inoculated at 40 days after silking (35.3%) exhibited visible signs of infection compared with ears inoculated 20 days after silking (82.9%). The needle inoculations were less effective in eliciting aflatoxin production (163 mug/kg and 45.1% visibly infected ears) than were knife (202 mug/kg and 61.8% visibly infected ears) and multiple puncture (305 mug/kg and 70.4% visibly infected ears) methods of inoculation. PMID- 6792986 TI - Monitoring steam sterilization of surgical instruments: a dilemma. AB - The study of two biological indicators in monitoring "flash" sterilization demonstrated that indicator construction often leads to a false interpretation of spore survival. PMID- 6792988 TI - Studies on the mechanism of follitropin action at the cellular level. PMID- 6792987 TI - Immunochemical studies on the reactivities and combining sites of the D galactopyranose- and 2-acetamido--2-deoxy-D-galactopyranose-specific lectin purified from Sophora japonica seeds. PMID- 6792989 TI - Multifunctionality of lipoamide dehydrogenase: lysine residue and cationic environment. PMID- 6792990 TI - Comparative studies of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide structures of rat liver microsomal and lysosomal beta-glucuronidases. PMID- 6792991 TI - Generalized rash from whirlpools and hot tubs. PMID- 6792992 TI - The cost-effectiveness of primary care. A myth or a reality? PMID- 6792993 TI - Successful use of a physiologically acceptable artificial skin in the treatment of extensive burn injury. AB - A bilayer artificial skin composed of a temporary Silastic epidermis and a porous collagen-chondroitn 6-sulfate fibrillar dermis, which is not removed, has been used to physiologically close up to 60% of the body surface following prompt excision of burn wounds in ten patients whose total burn size covered 50--95% body surface area (BSA). Following grafting, the dermal portion is populated with fibroblasts and vessels from the wound bed. The anatomic structure of the artificial dermis resembles normal dermis and serves as a template for the synthesis of new connective tissue and the formation of a "neodermis," while it is slowly biodegraded. This artificial skin has physiologically closed excised burn wounds for periods of time up to 46 days before the Silastic epidermis was removed. At the time of election when donor sites are ready for reharvesting, the Silastic epidermis is removed from the vascularized artificial dermis and replaced with 0.004 autoepidermal graft in sheet or meshed form. Clinical and histologic experience in a relatively short follow-up period (2--16 months) indicates that "neodermis" retains some of the anatomic characteristics and behavior of normal dermis, thus promising improvement in the functional and cosmetic results, as well as providing physiologic function as a skin substitute. The artificial skin is easily sterilized and stored at room temperature, capable of large scale production, and immediately available for grafting, indicating its potential for easy and relatively economic use in the burn patient. PMID- 6792994 TI - Selective suppression of FSH as a possible approach for fertility regulation. AB - Inhibin can exist in multiple forms. The size heterogeneity of inhibin (low and high molecular weight) is likely to be due to the purification procedures employed. However, irrespective of their size, both inhibin preparations are capable of suppressing circulating FSH levels. Since inhibin is a native hormone, the toxic effects after therapeutic administration are expected to be minimal. Inhibin is able to suppress only 70%-80% of the FSH secretion. Inhibin and the steroid (estrogen or androgen) may be involved in the physiological regulation of FSH. To completely suppress circulating FSH, administration of either a combination of inhibin and a steroid or a potent synthetic analogue of inhibin may be necessary. Inhibin has a very short half life in the adult animal, which may be due to the involvement of other testicular factors. Identification and characterization of these factors may help in prolonging effectiveness of inhibin. PMID- 6792995 TI - A need for FSH in maintaining fertility of adult male subhuman primates. PMID- 6792996 TI - Potential of 5-thio-D-glucose as an agent for controlling male fertility. AB - This paper reviews experimental work bearing on the feasibility of using the analog of glucose, 5-thio-D-glucose, to control human male fertility. The initial experiments in mice indicated that suitable oral doses of thioglucose caused reversible infertility unaccompanied by loss of libido or evidence of extratesticular toxicity. Subsequent work in mice and rats showed that treatment of 7 or 8 weeks appeared to cause irreversible sterility in many of the animals. In both species the smallest doses causing infertility also caused transient hyperglycemia. In rats a large dose of thioglucose was found to raise the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in the blood and repeated smaller doses increased the excretion of catecholamines. These reports, suggesting that it can cause sterility and has extratesticular effects on metabolism, do not augur well for the acceptibility of thioglucose as a suitable chemical with which to control fertility in the human male. PMID- 6792998 TI - [Multiplication of sheep-pox virus in cultured fetal sheep kidney cells]. PMID- 6792999 TI - Effect of reserpine on Mg++-induced calcium fluxes and reactivity of the rat aorta. AB - The effect of reserpine on 45Ca++ fluxes and reactivity of the rat aorta in Mg++ free and Mg++ (1.2 or 3.6 mM) media to various agonists was examined to gain further insight into mechanism(s) responsible for the altered sensitivities in vascular smooth muscle. Incubation of rat aorta in Mg++-free and high Mg++ (3.6 mM) media containing ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA 0.03 mM), respectively, increased and decreased the sensitivity to noradrenaline (NA), 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and KCl. Mg++-free medium significantly enhanced maximal response to 5-HT whereas high Mg++ (3.6 mM) medium reduced the maximal responses to KCl and 5-HT but not to NA. Mg++-free medium had no effect on 45Ca++ uptake, while it enhanced 45Ca++ efflux from the aorta. Reserpine treatment induced supersensitivity in the aorta to KCl, but not to either NA or 5-HT in normal medium, whereas in Mg++-free medium, it induced partial contraction and inhibited both maximal responses and sensitivity to NA and 5-HT but not to KCl. Reserpine in high Mg++ (3.6 mM) medium had no effect on sensitivity and maximal responsiveness to all these agents. Reserpine reduced 45Ca++ uptake by aorta in either Mg++-free or normal Mg++ medium and it reduced 45Ca++ efflux for aorta in Mg++-free but not in normal Mg++ medium. These observations suggest that reserpine may promote membrane permeability rather nonspecifically to divalent ions. However, the presence of EDTA in the media may have partially reduced the antagonistic effects of Mg++ due to reserpine treatment in this tissue. PMID- 6792997 TI - Endocrine and accessory sex organ function after vasectomy and vasovasostomy. AB - There are no major short- or long-term changes in pituitary testicular axis due to vasectomy. The response of the prostate and epididymis to endogenous may be altered after vasectomy. However, the secretory functions of the two organs return to normal after vasovasostomy. The effects of vasectomy and vasovasostomy on the pituitary gonadal axis and on the accessory sex organs' function are reported. PMID- 6793001 TI - [Prethrombosis in child malnutrition]. AB - Antithrombin III (AT III) and heparin antithrombin assay were estimated in 30 severely malnourished children and 40 normal children. The AT III was found significatively depressed and the heparin antithrombin assay showed a flat curve in the patients, which reflects a prethrombotic pattern in this group of children. Those findings agree with the high incidence of thrombosis reported in childhood malnutrition. PMID- 6793000 TI - [Epidemiological and clinical study of ossified yellow ligament in the thoracic spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793002 TI - [Relation of lysine and tryptophan content to that of zein, during the germination of corn grain, and its possible link to the vegetative cycle of the plant]. PMID- 6793003 TI - [Environmental and sociocultural parameters affecting nutrition in Third World countries]. AB - The thrust of this paper is an analysis of the environmental and sociocultural parameters affecting dietary patterns in Third World countries. The author utilizes data from several studies to emphasize her thesis that malnutrition in developing societies is not an entity caused simply by income constraints, or food availability, but rather that malnutrition constitutes a critical entity resulting from a constellation of problems, ranging from environmental stresses, to social inequities to cultural factors. Special discussion is given to the variables of income distribution, social stratification and food beliefs as major contributing influences of malnutrition in Third World countries. The problems facing newly migrating urban squatters--or what is known as "societies in transition" in the context of high unemployment and new demands for food--are also dealt with in the Latin American setting. The author discusses the importance to recognize that since the etiology of malnutrition is ecologically based; therefore, the approaches to solve this problem should--also by definition -be of an ecological nature. The need to further develop meaningful conceptual models--in contrast to utilizing "imported" ones--in order to study and understand the nature and magnitude of malnutrition problems in Third World countries is also stressed. PMID- 6793004 TI - [Carpentier's reconstructive mitral valvuloplasty. Clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation in 50 patients. A 10-year experience]. PMID- 6793005 TI - [Comparative statistical study of various parameters of auriculo-ventricular conduction in subjects with or without retrograde conduction]. PMID- 6793006 TI - [Ergometrine test in the evaluation of drugs for spastic angina]. PMID- 6793007 TI - [Auriculo-ventricular block and pregnancy]. AB - 20 cases of pregnancy in women with complete atrioventricular block (AVB) (12 patients) or with permanent pacemakers (8 patients) were observed in a French cooperative series and compared with I30 previously reported cases. Most patients were asymptomatic but an increase in the number of syncopes during gestation might be observed : 4 out of 12 in our series. Although AVB remains functionally latent during pregnancy, regular cardio-obstetric follow-up is advised. Hospital admission a few days before the expected date of delivery is desirable, and it is essential that the patients are delivered in department specialised in high risk pregnancies. The need for prophylactic temporary pacing during delivery is not universally accepted. On the other hand, dizziness and syncope are clear cut indications for permanent cardiac pacing ; programmable pacers are excellent choices in young women of childbearing age ; nuclear pulse generators (Pu 238) do not seem to expose the mothers or foetus to serious complications. Rejection of pulse generators during pregnancy is rare. Nearly all mothers with AVB, whether paced or not, now have normal pregnancies resulting in normal viable children. This conduction defect is not therefore an indication for therapeutic abortion. PMID- 6793008 TI - [Complete left bundle-branch block. Vector-mechanocardiographic correlations]. PMID- 6793009 TI - [Comparison of the efficacy of aprindine and quinidine in chronic ventricular rhythm disorders]. AB - The object of this study was to compare the efficacity and the side effects of Aprindine and Quinidine in patients with stable ventricular arrhythmias. A series of 33 patients with chronic stable ventricular arrhythmias were given successively Aprindine and Quinidine on the principle of extrasystoles (VES) determined by computer analysis of Holter recordings. The VES were counted every hour and the statistical study used analysis of variance followed by linear contrast and also the sign test. The stability of the arrhythmia was verified by several control Holter recordings without therapy (average : 3,3 per patient). Low dose regimes were used in 17 patients (an average of 50 to 60mg/day Aprindine, and 481 mg Quinidine base), and Quinidine was shown to be the more active (p less than 0.05 to 0.003 according to the test used), reducing the number of VES by 39% compared to an average of 21% for Aprindine. In the other 16 patients with a higher dosage regime, 109 mg Aprindine and 707 mg Quinidine base, there was no significant difference between Quinidine and Aprindine (p less than 0.08 to 0.12), Quinidine reducing the number of VES by an average of 54%, and Aprindine by 36%. Quinidine caused diarrhoea in I patient on the low dose and 4 patients in the high dose regime. Aprindine caused neurological side effects in 2 patients on the low dose, and 7 patients on the high dose regime. Aprindine at 100 mg/day may therefore be used in the same manner as Quinidine at usual dosages as regards the incidence of side effects of the two drugs. However, the ratio of effective dose/toxic dose is lower with Aprindine than with Quinidine. PMID- 6793010 TI - [Use of intramuscular lidocaine in the acute stage of myocardial infarction]. AB - Methods of using intramuscular lignocaine and its relay with an intravenous infusion were studied in 34 patients with reference to serum levels. A first group of 9 patients with myocardial infarction received an intramuscular injection of 300 mg lignocaine into the deltoid or gluteral muscles at five day intervals. The deltoid appears to be the better site of injection in patients confined to bed because of its quick absorption, higher serum levels between the 15th and 90th minute (+47%), and longer duration of action (180 compared to 120 minutes). The difference is not observed in ambulatory patients and seems to be related to sluggish circulation in the gluteral muscles during bed rest. Its relay with intravenous infusion was studied in 14 patients. In the first 6 patients, intradeltoid injection was immediately followed by an infusion of 2.5 mg/mn, giving an average plasma lignocaine level between the 15th and 60th minute greater than 5 mu/ml. In the 8 other patients, a period of I hour was allowed to elapse before starting the infusion. The plasma levels were found to be within the therapeutic range in all patients and no side effects were observed. The administration of an intravenous infusion of 150 mg/hr of lignocaine for 48 hours led to excessively high plasma levels in 8 patients at the 24th hour, 3 of whom had side effects. Reducing the dosage to 100 mg/hr from the 12th hour onwards in II patients avoided this complication. A 300 mg intradeltoid injection of lignocaine is easy to give in the patient's home and therefore, is the best adapted method for the pre hospital treatment of myocardial infarction. When necessary, it may be relayed with an intravenous infusion one hour later, in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6793011 TI - [Surgical treatment of constrictive endomyocardial fibrosis. Apropos of 15 cases]. PMID- 6793012 TI - [Corrected transposition of the great vessels in the aged. Presentation of a case, review of the literature on the development and an anatomical and histological study of the conduction system]. AB - A previously healthy 46 year old man was found to have a murmur suggestive of mitral incompetence, when examined after an accident. Investigations revealed corrected transposition of the great arteries and severe regurgitation of the left atrioventricular valve. A complementary bibliographic study of 19 other cases, aged over 40 years old was undertaken to assess the natural history of the condition, apparently fatal before the fifth decade in cases with associated lesions, shunt or valvular disease, but of better prognosis in the rare cases of isolated corrected transposition. The anatomical study suggested a congenital malformation of the regurgitant valve (cleft and abnormal chordal pattern) but a traumatic origin could not be excluded. Examination of the conduction system showed the presence of degenerative lesions. The atrioventricular node was located in the classical "posterior position", which is unusual in this type of congenital malformation. PMID- 6793013 TI - [Hemodynamic study by pulsed ultrasonic velocimetry of axillo-femoral bypass]. AB - Blood flow and the diameter of superficial vessels may be assessed non-invasively by pulsed doppler ultrasonography. Preoperative and follow-up studies were performed in 15 patients with Stage IV occlusive arterial disease undergoing axillo-femoral bypass operations. Blood flow and vessel diameter were measured in the femoral and humeral arteries and in the prosthetic bypass graft. There was no significant difference in flow in the humeral artery after bypass (35 cc/min). The femoral artery diameter was 0.36 cm and average flow was 47 +/- 30 cc/min. These results were compared to those obtained in 12 healthy controls (femoral artery diameter 0.62 +/- 0.05 cm; flow 126 cc/min) and in 29 patients with Stage II occlusive arterial disease with intermittent claudication (femoral artery diameter 0.47 +/- 0.08 cm; flow 87 cc/min). The average flow in the bypass one month after operation was 211 +/- 87 cc/min, falling to 124 +/- 53 cc/min at three months. These results are compared to those previously reported measured with electromagnetic flow counters at operation (273 cc/min). Finally, the internal diameter of the graft measured by ultrasound was compared with the true ex-vivo diameter and a constant difference of -2.12 +/- 0.94 mm was found. These results show the value of pulsed doppler ultrasonography in the assessment of peripheral blood flow for the follow-up of patients undergoing revascularisation procedures. PMID- 6793014 TI - [Congestive cardiomyopathy associated with a stiff spinal column. "Rigid spine syndrome"]. AB - The "rigid spine syndrome" is a rare form of myopathy characterised by rigidity of the dorso-lumbar spine, hyperextension of the neck and muscular retraction limiting mobility, especially of the upper limbs with elbows fixed in semi flexion. This condition, which was first described relatively recently, has been little studied: only 8 cases have been published to this day. We report the case of a 20 year old man with this syndrome, associated with a severe diffuse non obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Electronic microscopy and histoenzymological studies were performed on the skeletal muscle. They confirmed myopathic changes, demonstrating a great variation in diameter of the fibres, but there was no evidence of a predominating histoenzymological form (type I muscular atrophy) as previously reported. Although there have been no other reports of cardiac involvement in the "rigid spine syndrome", a link between the two conditions would seem to be likely. PMID- 6793015 TI - Isolation and properties of an isocitrate dehydrogenase from Anacystis nidulans. AB - A NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.42) was isolated and purified over 400-fold from Anacystis nidulans. The enzyme activity responded slowly to rapid changes in ligand (NADP+, isocitrate, Mg2+-ions) or enzyme concentration as well as to rapid changes in temperature. These are properties characteristic of the hysteretic enzymes. In addition, the enzyme activity was subject to product (alpha-ketoglutarate) inhibition. ATP, ADP and CDP also inhibited the enzyme. Unlike several other cyanobacterial enzymes, the isocitrate dehydrogenase of Anacystis is not under redox control. PMID- 6793016 TI - Accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) under nitrogen starvation in Anacystis nidulans, a cyanobacterium. AB - The effect of nitrate deprivation on cell growth and nucleotide level was studied in Anacystis nidulans. A 10-fold reduction in nitrate level resulted in a drastic slowdown of growth. Upon addition of nitrate to the starving cultures, after a lag period, the cells resumed growth. Nutritional shift-down induced a transitory expansion of the guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp) pool, preceded by a transitory increase in GTP and ATP concentrations. After having reached peak values, the concentration of ppGpp, GTP and ATP dropped to the respective base levels. The expansion of the ppGpp pool was found to be due to an increase in ppGpp synthesis, rather than to a decrease in ppGpp breakdown. After nutritional shift up, no decrease in the ppGpp level was found. In starving cells, a decrease in free amino acids was observed to occur concomitantly with the expansion of the ppGpp pool. The level of free amino acids started to increase simultaneously with the contraction of the ppGpp pool. PMID- 6793017 TI - [Control of implantation in rats and sows by peroral administration of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. 1. Theoretical aspects of control of implantation in swine]. AB - The reproduction situation of swine is considerably affected by embryonic foetal death. Reduction of loss of that origin, therefore, would open up palpable reserves. There is general agreement to the effect that the period close to implantation and the entire first month of gravidity make for the most critical phase of intra-uterine development. Proper mutual adaptation of progesterone and oestrogen levels are among the important prerequisites for favourable implantation conditions. However, fertility of swine was not always enhanceable by administration of progesterone and oestrogen. Tests of laboratory animals have shown that there are additional hormones and control mechanisms, on top of progesterone and oestrogen, which are involved in regulation of the implantation process. For example, higher prostaglandin F2 alpha concentrations in the blood and endometrial tissue of mammals in early gravidity seem to have adverse effects on implantation. The possibility is considered in this paper to eliminate such interference effect of prostaglandin by application of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6793018 TI - [Oral pristinamycin therapy for bone and joint infections in children. A report of 50 cases (author's transl)]. AB - 50 children with bone and joint infections (acute osteomyelitis, suppurative acute arthritis, osteoarthritis) were treated with pristinamycin. The responsible bacterium was most often but not exclusively Staphylococcus aureus; its sensitivity to various antibiotics is discussed. The value of biochemical tests for diagnosis and follow-up is emphasized; the potency of this drug avoids the need for intravenous therapy. A therapeutic protocol according to age, type of and sensitivity of the germs is proposed. PMID- 6793019 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy newborns and in immunohemolytic anemia due to Rh incompatibility. AB - The subpopulations of lymphocytes in cord blood were analyzed in 50 healthy newborns and in 25 with hemolytic disease of the newborns (HDN) using E, EA, EAC rosette tests with sheep erythrocytes, EA rosette test with human erythrocytes and SmIg+ test. A statistically significant decrease of the percent of T lymphocyte and increase in the absolute values of all lymphocyte subpopulations were found in healthy newborns as compared with adults. In the newborns with HDN a correlation was observed between the severity of the disease and the results of rosette tests. Three groups were distinguished: 1) very low values of all rosette tests, severe anemia in newborns, and high titer of antibodies in their mothers, 2) low values of EA rosette tests, less severe anemia antibody titer in the mothers lower than in the first group, 3) rosette tests within normal range, newborns usually without anemia, low titer of maternal antibodies. PMID- 6793020 TI - Antigenic characterization of urea-extractable crude burn toxin. AB - Crude burn toxin was obtained from human skin scalded for 1 min at 90 degrees C in vitro. The toxin solubilized with 8 M urea was administered to rabbits to obtain antiserum. The antigenic analysis carried out by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated that urea-extractable toxin solution differed from its analogue obtained from untreated skin in antigenic properties and presence of high-molecular weight protein fractions. Presence of a tissue antigen of low grade electrophoretic mobility in the preparation of burn toxin was shown. This antigen was present, probably also in small amounts in the preparation of native skin which was analogous to the tested skin. PMID- 6793021 TI - Central nervous system lesions: sprouting and unmasking in rehabilitation. AB - Recovery of function following a central nervous system lesion can continue for months or years following the injury. Considerable experimental evidence supports the conclusion that the plasticity of the brain is of importance to the functional recovery. A number of neural mechanisms may be involved in the functional recovery. Two of the mechanisms of neuroplasticity considered particularly likely to play a role, are the following: 1) Collateral sprouting from intact cells to a denervated region after some or all of its normal input has been destroyed, and 2) The unmasking of neural pathways and synapses which are not normally used for the particular function under study but which can be called upon when the ordinarily of dominant system fails. The process of unmasking is extensively discussed in the context of the role of rehabilitation in obtaining maximum recovery of function. PMID- 6793022 TI - Reliability of skin testing as a measure of nutritional state. AB - The reliability of skin testing to assess the nutritional state was evaluated in 257 patients who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nutritional state was assessed by determining body composition, by multiple-isotope dilution. Immunocompetence was simultaneously evaluated by skin testing with five recall antigens. These measurements were carried out before and at two-week intervals during TPN. A statistically significant relationship existed between the response to skin testing and the nutritional state. A body composition consistent with malnutrition was present in the anergic patients, while body composition was normal in the patients who reacted normally to skin testing. However, a considerable overlap existed as 43% of the reactive patients were malnourished, and 21% of the anergic patients were normally nourished. Thirty-seven (43%) of the 86 anergic patients converted and became reactive during TPN, and their body composition improved significantly. The remaining 49 anergic patients (57%) did not convert, and their body composition did not change despite similar nutritional support. The principal difference between the two groups of anergic patients was the nature of the therapy administered. In the anergic patients who converted, therapy was aggressive and appropriate, and clinical improvement occurred in 23 (62.2%) of the patients, with a mortality of 5.4%. In the 49 patients who remained anergic, therapy was often inappropriate or unsuccessful, with clinical improvement in only three (6.1%) of the patients and a mortality of 42.8%. The data demonstrated a significant relationship between the response to skin testing and the nutritional state. However, because of the wide overlap, skin testing does not accurately assess a person's nutritional state. The persistence of the anergic state is indicative of a lack of response to therapy. PMID- 6793025 TI - Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide monitoring. Use in adult surgical patients in an intensive care unit. AB - We evaluated a combined transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide (tcPO2 and tcPO2) monitor in 33 adult surgical patients in an intensive care unit. Surgical procedures included cardiothoracic, general, vascular, and orthopedic operations. Ninety-three paired, transcutaneous values were compared with simultaneously determined arterial blood gas measurements. The correlation coefficient for PaO2 was .75 (P less than .01) whereas for PaCO2 it was .55 (P less than .01). Although statistically significant, individual transcutaneous values differed by as much as 50 mm Hg from levels determined from arterial samples. Such differences make it inappropriate to use this monitor to predict actual PaO2 or PaCO2. By contrast, continuous monitoring allowed observation of acute changes associated with respiratory-care procedures and cardiovascular decompensation. Such acute changes changes were appreciated on the tcPO2 tracing but not the tcPO2 tracing. We conclude that the tcPO2 monitor is a valuable trend indicator of cardiopulmonary dysfunction, but that the tcPCO2 monitor is not. PMID- 6793023 TI - Death after portal decompressive surgery. Physiologic state, metabolic adequacy, and the sequence of development of the physiologic determinants of survival. AB - Detailed serial cardiovascular and respiratory physiologic studies were carried out in 80 patients with cirrhotic liver disease, including 45 cirrhotic patients who underwent portal decompressive surgery on an urgent or elective basis. In surgical cases, death could be predicted from the first postoperative day's pattern of response. Predictors of death were an increase in percent of pulmonary shunt due to a redistribution of the increased pulmonary blood flow, and a disproportionate fall in vascular tone, which permits an increased cardiac ejection fraction even when significant myocardial depression occurs. The etiology of the vascular tone defect seems related to the rise in levels of the false neurotransmitter octopamine, which are shown to increase as oxygen consumption falls in the patho-physiologic hyperdynamic B state, presumably due to a block in the oxidative metabolism of aromatic amino acids. PMID- 6793024 TI - Pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy and hyperdynamic syndrome in cirrhosis. Role of false neurotransmitters. AB - We sought to determine whether false neurotransmitters (FNTs) play an important role as determinants not only of hepatic encephalopathy but also of hyperdynamic syndrome in cirrhosis. A combined biochemical and hemodynamics study of 55 bleeding cirrhotic patients was made. We evaluated the aromatic and aliphatic branched-chain amino acids and octopamine serum levels as well as the hemodynamic measurements. The results show that there is a correlation between levels of serum octopamine and aromatic amino acids and hepatic coma: the higher the octopamine level, the deeper the hepatic coma. There is also a correlation between aromatic amino acids and cardiac index and total peripheral resistance. Furthermore, when a narrowing of arteriovenous difference in oxygen occurs and oxygen consumption decreases, there is an increase not only in the level of aromatic amino acids, but also in octopamine level, suggesting an important linkage between hemodynamic and metabolic impairment. PMID- 6793026 TI - Chemical phlebothrombosis of large veins. A not uncommon complication of total parenteral nutrition. AB - Thrombosis of large veins during total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is considered uncommon. Recently, clinical and phlebographic evidence of large-vein thrombosis were encountered in five patients among 200 consecutive patients receiving TPN. The symptoms, signs, and phlebographic findings occurred within one to two days, sometimes as early as a few hours after cannulation. It is suggested that thrombosis of large veins during TPN is not uncommon and is the result of chemical phlebothrombosis due to a hypersensitivity reaction of the venous wall to the polyvinyl catheter material. Early removal of the offending catheter is advocated. PMID- 6793027 TI - The rate of absorption of synthetic lysine and dietary protein in the upper half of the small intestine of pigs. AB - The aim of the present work was to estimate the rate of lysine absorption in the upper part of the small intestine as related to the absorption of total nitrogen and other amino acids in pigs given feed (barley + sesame meal) supplemented with lysine and fed once or 4 times daily. The experiments were carried out on 6 pigs fitted with reentrant cannulas sited in 3 of them about 4 m and in an other 3 about 9 m distal to the pylorus (mean intestine length was about 18 m). The frequency of feeding influenced the rate of flow of total nitrogen and lysine through the intestine. The content of lysine in the digesta (g/16 g N) during the first 5 hours after morning feeding, and particularly between 8.00-10.00 h, was much higher with once daily than with four times daily feeding while during the subsequent 15 hours the reverse was true. The absorption of lysine occurred at a faster rate than that of the other amino acids and was closest to that of arginine and methionine. On the whole, the net absorption rate of essential amino acids in the upper part of the intestine of pigs was as follows: Lys, Met greater than His, Phe, Leu greater than Trp, Ile, Val greater than Thr (Cys). It seems that the more uniform passage through and absorption from the alimentary tract of synethetic lysine and dietary protein, observed at frequent feeding could contribute to their better utilization for protein synthesis in the organism. PMID- 6793029 TI - [Cellular composition of normal lymph and lymph in an injury to the body]. AB - Cellular composition of the peripheric, intermediate and central lymph of man and animals of different species normally and under pathological conditions is characterized on the basis of the analysis of the current literature and the authors' own investigations. Some mechanisms of formation, distribution, and utilization of cells are considered. It is concluded that examination of the cellular composition of the lymph is of prognostic and diagnostic value in the clinic. PMID- 6793030 TI - Prognostic indicators of herpetic keratitis. Analysis of a five-year observation period after corneal ulceration. AB - Clinical features of 152 patients with herpetic keratitis after a five-year observation period were analyzed. When compared with dendritic ulceration, geographic ulcers that had been symptomatically present for a longer time were more likely to have been treated with a topical steroid and took longer to heal. After treatment of the corneal ulceration, 40% of the patients experienced a recurrent herpetic ulcer, 25% experienced disciform or irregular stromal keratouveitis, 5% experienced ocular hypertension, and 6% had a decrease in visual acuity caused by corneal scarring. Recurrent ulcerative herpetic keratitis occurred more frequently in men and in patients who entered the study with a history or previous herpetic ulceration. PMID- 6793028 TI - Effects of polychlorinated terphenyls and paraffins on rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and in vitro metabolic activities. AB - The polychlorinated terphenyl Aroclor 5460 and the polychlorinated paraffins Witaclor 171 P and Witaclor 149 increased to different degrees the total microsomal concentration of cytochrome P-450 in the rat liver after intraperitoneal injection of 0.3, 1.0, and 1.0 g . kg-1 body weight, respectively, each day for four days. The multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 were affected differently with an induction of RLvMc P-450(50) and RLvMc P-450(54) by all chemicals, and an additional induction of RLvMc P-450(55) by the polychlorinated terphenyl. The rat liver weights were extensively increased after treatment with the polychlorinated paraffins. Alterations were found in the in vitro metabolism of biphenyl, benzo(a)pyrene and the steroid hormones, 4 androstene-3,17-dione and 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, after exposure to all chemicals. Changes in the in vitro formation of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites were found to correlate with changes in the multiple forms of cytochrome P-450. The present study demonstrate that only limited information can be obtained from alterations in the total concentration of cytochrome P-450 and show the importance of studying changes in the multiple forms and the metabolism of different substrates. Our results further indicate that exposure to any of the investigated polychlorinated chemicals may alter the biological effects of other environmental contaminants, drugs and endogenous substances which are metabolized by the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. PMID- 6793032 TI - Acute viral hepatitis: diagnosis and management. PMID- 6793031 TI - Increased susceptibility to infection in experimental xerophthalmia. AB - Vitamin A-deficient rabbits were used to evaluate the role of secondary bacterial infection in the development of keratomalacia and to describe the resultant clinical and morphologic alterations. The conjunctival sacs of vitamin A deficient rabbits at different stages of corneal involvement were inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa topically. Approximately two weeks after inoculation, corneal ulceration with stromal melting developed in one of three eyes with severe punctate keratitis and in four of seven eyes with xerosis. Ulceration did not develop in any of the eight eyes with early epithelial graying or mild punctate keratitis. Inflammatory cells (primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes) infiltrated the anterior corneal stroma of infected corneas. Liquefaction of collagen was observed in association with bacteria alone, as well as in association with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. No signs of infection were observed after conjunctival inoculation of Pseudomonas in the eyes of nine control rabbits. PMID- 6793033 TI - Genetics and counselling in ophthalmology. PMID- 6793034 TI - CO2 and coronary flow regulation. AB - These data indicate that the observed PCO2 change following an abrupt change in myocardial O2 consumption, occurs too slowly to participate in the initial adjustment in metabolic coronary flow change, which is essentially complete within 30 sec. Also, the magnitude of PCO2 response is insufficient to conclude that CO2 can provide the major cause of flow regulation. However, CO2 could act as a back-up regulator. These conclusions may be modified if further information becomes available. PMID- 6793036 TI - Chloroacetone as an active-site-directed inhibitor of the aliphatic amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - 1. Chloroacetone (I) was shown to be an active-site-directed inhibitor of the aliphatic amidase (EC 3.5.1.4) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAC142.2. This inhibitor reacted with the enzyme in two stages: the first involving the reversible formation of an enzymically inactive species, EI, and the second the formation of a species, EX, from which enzymic activity could not be recovered. 3. Different types of kinetic experiment were conducted to test conformity of the reaction to the scheme: E + I k+1 Equilibrium k-1 EI Leads to K+2 EX A computer based analysis of the results was carried out and values of the individual rate constants were determined. 4. No direct evidence for a binding step before the formation of EI could be obtained, as with [E]0 Less Than [I]0 the observed first order rate constant for the formation of EI was directly proportional to the concentration of chloroacetone up to 1.2 mM (above this concentration the reaction became too rapid to follow even by the stopped-flow method developed to investigate fast inhibition). 5. The value of k+1 exhibited a bell-shaped pH dependency with a maximum value of about 3 X 10(3) M-1. S-1 at pH6 and apparent pKa values of 7.8 and about 4.8.6. The values of k-1 and K+2 were similar and changed with the time of reaction from values of about 3 X 10(-3) S-1 (pH8.6) at short times to about one-sixth this value for longer periods of incubation. In this respect the simple reaction scheme is insufficient to describe the inhibition process. 7. The overall inhibition reaction is rapid, whether it is considered in relation to the expected chemical reactivity of chloroacetone, the rate of reaction of other enzymes with substrate analogues containing the chloromethyl group, or the rate of the amidase-catalysed hydrolysis of N methylacetamide, a substrate that is nearly isosteric with chloroacetone. 8. Acetamide protected the amidase from inhibition by chloroacetone, and the concentration-dependence of the protection gave a value of an apparent dissociation constant similar to the Km value for this substrate. 9. Addition of acetamide to solutions of the species EI led to a slow recovery of activity. Recovery of active enzyme was also observed after dilution of a solution of EI in the absence of substrate. 10. The species EI is considered not to be a simple adsorption complex, and the possibilities are discussed that it may be a tetrahedral carbonyl adduct, a Schiff base (azomethine) or a complex in which the enzyme has undergone a structural change. The species EX is probably a derivative in which there is a covalent bond between a group in the enzyme and the C-1 atom of the inhibitor. PMID- 6793035 TI - Isolation and characterization of a myeloma--spleen-cell hybrid producing antibody to phenylalanine hydroxylase. AB - Application of the technique of myeloma--spleen-cell fusion [Kohler & Milstein (1975) Nature (London) 256, 495--497] has allowed the isolation of a cell colony that produced a monoclonal antibody against monkey liver phenylalanine hydroxylase. The antibody exhibited cross-reactivity against hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase from other mammalian species, including human, rat and mouse. Cross-reactivity was established by (a) enzyme-inhibition assay, (b) double-immunodiffusion reaction, and (c) two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic analysis of immunoprecipitate. The various properties of the monoclonal antibody and its use in the study of mammalian phenylalanine hydroxylase are presented. PMID- 6793037 TI - Interaction of dinitrophenyl-pepstatins with human cathepsin D and with anti dinitrophenyl antibody. Development of potential reagents for the localization in vivo of active proteinases at sites of tissue injury. AB - Extracellular cathepsin D has been observed by various cytochemical methods at sites of tissue injury. However, the role of this enzyme in connective tissue matrix degradation is uncertain because there are no histochemical methods for determining whether or not the cathepsin D is active at such sites in living tissues. We considered that the combined use of a labelled tight-binding inhibitor with immunoprecipitation of the enzymes might overcome this problem. We have explored the application of derivatives of the inhibitor pepstatin, as only active cathepsin D binds pepstatin tightly. A series of N-pepstatinyl-N' dinitrophenyl-alpha, omega-diaminoalkanes were synthesized with alkyl-chain lengths of two, four and six carbon atoms. These compounds were tight-binding inhibitors of human cathepsin D. In fluorescence-quenching titrations the dinitrophenyl groups were also fully available to bind high-affinity anti dinitrophenyl antibody. It was shown by immunodiffusion in gels and by gel permeation chromatography that N-pepstatinyl-N'-dinitrophenyl-1,6-diaminohexane was a bifunction inhibitor able to bind cathepsin D and anti-dinitrophenyl antibody at the same time. PMID- 6793038 TI - A comparison of direct enzymatic determination of glycogen in liver and heart. PMID- 6793039 TI - Isolation and identification of alternative riboflavin-binding proteins from human plasma. PMID- 6793040 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone rapidly enhances [32P]orthophosphate incorporation into phosphatidic acid in cloned GH3 cells. PMID- 6793042 TI - Fluorescent labelling of strychnine : a novel approach for recognition of strychnine binding sites on neuronal membrane. PMID- 6793043 TI - Calcium-dependent polymerization of lactoferrin. PMID- 6793041 TI - Chemical approach to aspirin hypersensitivity. PMID- 6793044 TI - [Immunofluorescent studies of epoxy-embedded jejunal biopsies in alpha-chain disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793045 TI - Effect of aldehydes on polyamine metabolism. I. Method used to determine CO2 produced "in vitro" in enzymatic reactions: its application in evaluation of S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMD) activity. AB - In this paper the Authors describe a new method they have adopted (in studies reported in accompanying papers II and III) for measuring S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in entire cells and cell fractions. The new method is a general one for recovering and measuring labelled carbon dioxide formed "in vitro" during enzymatic reactions. It presents several advantages when compared to traditional methods. PMID- 6793046 TI - DNA fragmentation in N-diazoacetylglycine amide-treated cells determined, by the rate of strand separation in alkali with hydroxylapatite chromatography in batch. AB - DNA damage induced in mammalian cells (CHO-K1) by one hour treatment with several concentrations of N-diazoacetylglycine amide (DGA) was evaluated by the method of DNA denaturation in alkali and successive neutralization followed by separation of single from double stranded DNA with the recently described technique of hydroxylapatite chromatography performed in batch. This latter technique does not need complex apparatus and simplifies the simultaneous handling of large number of samples; it also appears as sensitive and reliable as the DNA alkaline elution on filter, to which it can be regarded as both alternative and complementary. PMID- 6793048 TI - [Purine nucleoside phosphorylase activity in T-enriched preparations of human peripheral lymphocytes]. AB - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in T-enriched populations from 6 normal subjects. PNP activity in T-enriched populations were in average 50% of that in unseparated mononuclear cells. In our cell preparations, T-cells appeared to contribute to 27 49% of total biochemical PNP levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. T lymphocytes obtained by rosetting with sheep red blood cells could be a suitable cell population for determining PNP activity in patients with immune disfunction. PMID- 6793047 TI - [Blood elements in Bufo bufo during embryonic development, larval development and metamorphosis: observations by scanning electron microscopy]. PMID- 6793049 TI - [Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of a nitroglycerin ointment in angina caused by cardiac pacing]. PMID- 6793050 TI - [Protective effect of glucose and pyruvate in ischemia and reperfusion]. PMID- 6793051 TI - The aetiology of malocclusion. Can the tropic premise assist our understanding? PMID- 6793052 TI - Physiological cortisol substitution of long-term steroid-treated patients undergoing major surgery. AB - In 22 patients undergoing elective surgery, adrenal function was assessed before and on the day of surgery. Patients receiving corticosteroid therapy but with a normal cortisol response to a corticotropin stimulation test (group II, n = 8) were not given hydrocortisone on the day of operation. Their cortisol concentration increased in a manner similar to patients (group I, n = 8) who had never had corticosteroid treatment. The plasma cortisol concentrations in these two groups were less than in subjects (group III), n = 6) with an impaired cortisol response to corticotropin stimulation, who were given hydrocortisone 25 mg at the induction of anaesthesia followed by a continuous infusion of hydrocortisone 100 mg during the next 24 h. There were no clinical signs of circulatory insufficiency in any group. The low-dose hydrocortisone therapy regimen is sufficient for substitution of adrenal function during surgery and in the early postoperative phase. It could lead to mild oversubstitution in patients with impaired adrenal insufficiency undergoing major surgery. PMID- 6793053 TI - Etomidate and fentanyl for maintenance of anaesthesia. AB - An infusion of etomidate and fentanyl was compared with halothane or morphine plus nitrous oxide in oxygen for the maintenance of anaesthesia in 200 patients. Cardiovascular and respiratory changes were found to be similar in the two groups. There was a prolongation of recovery time in the etomidate-fentanyl group: this was possibly a result of lack of flexibility in the infusion technique. PMID- 6793054 TI - Intraocular and intracranial pressure during respiratory alkalosis and acidosis. AB - Intraocular and intracranial pressures (IOP and ICP) were measured at four different arterial carbon dioxide tensions by direct continuous techniques in Rhesus monkeys during anaesthesia with halothane and nitrous oxide. Increases in IOP correlated significantly with PaCO2 ranging from 2.66 to 10.24kPa (P less than 0.001). Increases in ICP correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with PaCO2 between 2.66 and 7.71 kPa, but plateaued thereafter. When PaCO2 was decreased rapidly, PaCO2, IOP and ICP decreased exponentially with similar half times. The fast changes in IOP and ICP can probably be explained by an alteration of intraocular and intracranial blood volumes. IOP usually remained within the normal range, even at maximum PaCO2. PMID- 6793055 TI - Quantitative studies of hemidesmosomes during progressive DMBA carcinogenesis in hamster cheek-pouch mucosa. AB - The present study was designed to establish whether there are changes in hemidesmosomal distribution during defined stages of chemical carcinogenesis in hamster cheek-pouch epithelium. 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin was applied thrice weekly to hamster pouches and tissue samples were obtained at regular intervals and assigned to hyperplastic, dysplastic and carcinomatous groups on the basis of histological criteria. Untreated pouches served as controls. Following a strict sampling regime, electron micrographs were obtained from the epithelial connective tissue junction and, using stereological intersection counting, the relative surface area of basal plasma membrane (BPM) occupied by hemidesmosomes was estimated. In normal epithelium 40% of the BPM is occupied by hemidesmosomes. During carcinogenesis, values decrease progressively and significantly to 35% in hyperplasia, 28% in dysplasia and 13% in carcinoma. A decrease in the relative area of hemidesmosomes would therefore appear to contribute to the increased motility of epithelial cells during a connective-tissue invasion and cellular metastasis. PMID- 6793056 TI - Mammary-tumour incidence in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene: effect of pregnancy and lack of effect of unilateral lactation. AB - Mammary teat removal (thelectomy) was performed unilaterally in female Sprague Dawley rats at 35 days of age. They were given 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) when aged either 55 days or 79 days. One third were unmated; one third were mated one week and one third mated more than 3 weeks after DMBA administration. Animals were killed when tumour-positive or after one year, when mammary lesions had developed in 99% of rats. The mean latent period for adenocarcinomas was 18.9 +/- 2.0 weeks. Benign mammary tumours, mainly secretory adenomas, developed significantly later (39.2 +/- 1.7 weeks). The rapid unilateral involution of the thelectomized glands at parturition had no effect on the localization of either adenocarcinomas or benign mammary tumours. Pregnancy and delayed DMBA administration markedly reduced the incidence of adenocarcinomas; lactation had no significant effect. In a separate experiment, precocious puberty induced with pregnant-mare-serum gonadotrophin in 30-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats enabled their first pregnancy and lactation to be completed by 80 days of age. Parity before carcinogen administration significantly delayed the development of adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6793057 TI - Comparative effects of topical anthralin and difluoromethylornithine (alpha DFMO) on epidermal polyamine concentration in psoriasis. PMID- 6793058 TI - Vitamin D supplements enhance weight gain and nutritional status in pregnant Asians. AB - In a double blind trial of supplementary vitamin D (1000 iu daily) administered in the last trimester of pregnancy to Asian women living in London, supplemented mothers gained weight faster (63.3 g/day) than those in the control group (46.4 g/day), and at term had significantly higher plasma levels of retinol binding protein and thyroid binding prealbumin indicating better protein-calorie nutrition. Maternal weight gain correlated with postpartum levels of both retinol binding protein and thyroid binding prealbumin. Almost twice as many infants in the unsupplemented group weighed under 2500 g at birth, and had significantly lower retinol binding protein levels than infants of supplemented mothers. The nutritional benefits of supplementation provide further support for the routine administration of vitamin D to all British Asians during pregnancy. PMID- 6793059 TI - Kinetics of large ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle given sugar cane diets. AB - 1. Experiments were undertaken to examine the kinetics of large ciliate protozoa in the rumen of cattle on sugar-cane diets. 2. Three Zebu bulls were fed once daily on a diet of sugar cane and wheat bran. The diurnal patterns of volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentrations, and the numbers of protozoa in rumen fluid were determined. The numbers of protozoa reached values of 5 X 10(4)/ml for holotrichs (large ciliates) mainly Isotricha and Dasytricha spp and 4 X 10(5) for smaller protozoa, mainly Entodinia (small ciliates). 3. A method was developed which allowed large ciliate protozoa in rumen fluid to be separated from plant material and bacteria and concentrated in a relatively uncontaminated form. Analysis of these protozoa indicated that 1.8 X 10(5) large ciliates contained 1 mg nitrogen and approximately 32 mg dry matter. 4. A labelled preparation consisting mainly of large ciliates (principally Isotricha spp.) was obtained by incubating isolated protozoa in rumen fluid (free of plant materials) containing [14C-methyl]choline and then isolating them by sedimentation and differential centrifugation. 5. A portion of the preparation containing labelled protozoa was incubated in vitro with rumen fluid to determine the turnover of 14C-labelled metabolites. There was no apparent dilution of the label in the protozoa over a 22 h period. 6. A major portion of the preparation containing labelled protozoa was returned to the rumen of each of the donor cattle as a single injection. The specific radioactivity in the large protozoa (microCi/mg N) was monitored frequently for over 30 h, and thereafter daily for a further 12 d. The kinetics of tracer dilution were analyzed to give estimates of the size of the pool of these large ciliates in the rumen (24-46 g N), and of their apparent rate of turnover. 7. In contrast to the slow turnover of the large ciliates, the rate of turnover of the rumen fluid pool (approximately 54 1), estimated from the rate of dilution of polyethylene glycol, was considerably faster. Large ciliates were therefore selectively retained within the rumen. PMID- 6793060 TI - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on lysozyme and chymotrypsinogen detected by fluorescence polarization. AB - The effect of hydrostatic pressure upon solutions of chymotrypsinogen and lysozyme at room temperature has been followed by employing a new technique [Chryssomallis, G. S., Drickamer, H. G., & Weber, G. (1978) J. Appl. Phys. 49, 3084] that permits the measurement of fluorescence polarization at pressures of up to 10 kbar. Lysozyme shows a stable, reversible 60% increase in apparent volume when the pressure is raised to 9 kbar. This can be given a simple interpretation in terms of solvent penetration of the structure at higher pressures. In contrast, the results with chymotrypsinogen are time dependent and only partially reversible on release of the pressure. They involve conversion (tl/e = 5 min) to a form with a lower rotational rate at approximately 6 kbar and return to a fast-rotating form at higher pressure. This latter form persists on pressure release. The possibility of generating what are clearly metastable conformations, not only in chymotrypsinogen but also in flavodoxins [Visser, A. J. W. G., Li, T. M., Drickamer, H. G., & Weber, G. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 4879], indicates that there are unresolved questions about the relative stability of protein conformations which can be profitably investigated by high-pressure experiments. PMID- 6793061 TI - Effect of point mutations on 5.8S ribosomal ribonucleic acid secondary structure and the 5.8S--28S ribosomal ribonucleic acid junction. AB - Naturally occurring differences in the nucleotide sequences of 5.8S ribosomal ribonucleic acids (rRNAs) from a variety of organisms have been used to study the role of specific nucleotides in the secondary structure and intermolecular interactions of this RNA. Significant differences in the electrophoretic mobilities of free 5.8S RNAs and the thermal stabilities of 5.8S--28S rRNA complexes were observed even in such closely related sequences as those of man, rat, turtle, and chicken. A single base transition from a guanylic acid residue in position 2 in mammalian 5.8S rRNA to an adenylic acid residue in turtle and chicken 5.8S rRNA results both in a more open molecular conformation and in a 5.8S--28S rRNA junction which is 3.5 degrees C more stable to thermal denaturation. Other changes such as the deletion of single nucleotides from either the 5' or the 3' terminals have no detectable effect on these features. The results support secondary structure models for free 5.8S rRNA in which the termini interact to various degrees and 5.8S--28S rRNA junctions in which both termini of the 5.8S molecule interact with the cognate high molecular weight RNA component. PMID- 6793062 TI - Microsomal cytochrome P-450 from neonatal pig testis: two enzymatic activities (17 alpha-hydroxylase and c17,20-lyase) associated with one protein. AB - Studies have been performed to test the hypothesis that cytochrome P-450 from testicular microsomes consists of a single protein with two enzymatic activities (17 alpha-hydroxylase and C17,20-lyase). Three lines of evidence to support the hypothesis were obtained. (1) The enzyme appears to be homogeneous by immunochemical criteria with anti-P-450 IgG (line of identity on immunodiffusion and a single band on immunoelectrophoresis), by demonstration of a single NH2 terminal amino acid (methionine) and the finding of 16 single amino acids at the NH2 terminus. (2) Optima for pH and temperature are the same for both enzymatic activities (pH 7.25 and 37 degrees C), and temperatures between 30 and 44 degrees C decreased both activities in such a way that the ratio of hydroxylase to lyase was the same at all temperatures tested. (3) A variety of inhibitors affect both activities to the same extent: Ki values for two competitive inhibitors (SU 8000, 0.04 microM; SU 10603, 0.3 microM) are the same for hydroxylase and lyase; partition coefficients for inhibition by carbon monoxide are similar for hydroxylase and lyase (20 +/- 2 and 27 +/- 3); anti-P-450 (serum and IgG) causes inhibition of both activities to the same extent, and the same is true of a variety of less specific inhibitors. It is concluded that a single heme protein (cytochrome P-450) from microsomes of neonatal pig testis catalyzes two reactions (hydroxylase and lyase) which are sequential steps in the synthesis of androgens by the testis leading to conversion of C21 precursors to C19 steroid hormones. PMID- 6793063 TI - Changes in the substrate specificities of an enzyme during directed evolution of new functions. AB - Wild-type ebg enzyme, the second beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli K12, does not permit growth on lactose. As part of a study of the evolution of new enzymatic functions, I have selected, from a lacZ deletion strain, a variety of spontaneous mutants that grow on lactose and other beta-galactoside sugars. Single point mutations in the structural gene ebgA alter the enzyme so that it hydrolyzes lactose or lactulose effectively; two mutations in ebgA permit galactosylarabinose hydrolysis, while three mutations are required for lactobionic acid hydrolysis. Wild-type ebg enzyme and 16 functional mutant ebg enzymes were purified and analyzed kinetically to determine how the substrate specificities had changed during the directed evolution of these new functions. The specificities for the biologically selected substrates generally increased by at least an order of magnitude via increased Vmax and decreased Km for the substrate. These changes were very specific for the selected substrate, often being accompanied by decreased specificities for other related substrates. The single, double, or triple substitutions in the enzymes did not detectably alter the thermal stability of ebg enzyme. PMID- 6793064 TI - Interaction of phosphorylase kinase with the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of adenosine triphosphate. 2. Differential inactivation measured with various protein substrates. AB - The 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP was used as an affinity label to inactivate phsosphorylase kinase in either the presence or absence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions. Following inactivation, the residual activity of phorphorylase kinase toward various protein substrates was measured and compared with that retained for conversion of phosphorylase b. Three different classes of substrates were distinguished by this analysis. For the first class (glycogen synthase), inactivation proceeded at the same rate as that measured with phosphorylase conversion, regardless of whether the inactivation was carried out in the presence or absence of the metal ions. For the second class of substrates (troponin I and troponin T), inactivation of the kinase in either the presence or absence of the metals was much more rapid with phosphorylase as substrate. Phosphorylation of the third class of substrates (phosphorylase kinase itself and a synthetic tetradecapeptide) was inactivated in parallel with phosphorylase b when modification was performed in the absence of metals; however, inclusion of Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the inactivation mixture caused activity toward phosphorylase b to be lost more rapidly than that toward the alternative substrates. Our results are consistent with a model in which glycogen synthase and phosphorylase b are preferentially phosphorylated at one type of catalytic site in phosphorylase kinase and troponin I and troponin T at another. PMID- 6793065 TI - Topology of NH2OH induced Mn(II) release from chloroplast thylakoid membranes. PMID- 6793066 TI - Mechanism of bicarbonate action on photosynthetic electron transport in broken chloroplasts. AB - In CO2-depleted chloroplasts electron transport between the Photosystem II electron acceptor Q and plastoquinone is largely suppressed. In the presence of a high concentration of sodium formate (greater than 10 mM), which probably binds to the bicarbonate site, addition of bicarbonate restores the ferricyanide Hill reaction only after incubation in the dark. With lower formate concentrations bicarbonate is able to restore electron transport in the light. The Hill reaction rate in CO2-depleted chloroplasts after bicarbonate addition, divided by the rate in CO2-depleted chloroplasts before bicarbonate addition, shows a sharp optimum at pH 6.5. Furthermore, the rate-limiting step in bicarbonate action is probably diffusion. The results are explained in terms of a hypothetical model: the bicarbonate-binding site is located at the outer side of the thylakoid membrane, but not directly accessible from the "bulk". To reach the site from the bulk, the molecule has to pass a channel with negatively charge groups on its side walls. In the light these groups are more negatively charged than in the dark. Therefore, the formate ion cannot exchange for bicarbonate in the light, and a dark period is necessary to enable exchange of formate for bicarbonate. PMID- 6793067 TI - Steady-state measurements of delta pH and delta psi in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores by two different methods. Comparison with phosphorylation potential. AB - The pH gradient, delta pH, and the membrane potential, delta psi, formed during light-induced electron transport in Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores were measured by two independent methods: (a) using specific electrodes to monitor light-dependent uptake of NH4Cl and SCN- at chromatophore concentrations of about 0.1 mg bacteriochlorophyll/ml and (b) using 9-aminoacridine and 8 anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid as fluorescent probes for delta pH and delta psi, respectively, at chromatophore concentrations of about 0.01 mg bacteriochlorophyll/ml. The light intensity was measured and set at a level which saturated the highest bacteriochlorophyll concentration used. The steady-state values obtained with each method under phosphorylating conditions were compared with the phosphorylation potential maintained by the chromatophores under identical conditions. The results indicate that under all conditions employed the ratio H+/ATP is greater than 2, and varies between 2.4 and 3.4 depending on the method used for estimation of the electrochemical proton gradient. PMID- 6793068 TI - Plasma membrane phosphate transport and extracellular phosphate concentration in the regulation of cellular respiration in isolated perfused rat heart. AB - The role of extracellular Pi and transmembrane fluxes across the sarcolemma in the regulation of cellular respiration was studied in isolated Langendorff perfused rat hearts. Extracellular phosphate did not significantly affect the oxygen consumption or cellular phosphorylation potential of the myocardium. K+ induced arrest was used to change the mechanical work load of the heart. Arresting the heart caused a rapid decrease in the unidirectional efflux of phosphate determined by in vitro prelabelling of the intracellular phosphate compounds with 32P and determining the specific radioactivity of the gamma-P of ATP, and the label appearance into the perfusion medium. At normal or elevated perfusate phosphate concentration there was a fairly slow net uptake of phosphate. The decrease in phosphate fluxes upon the K+-induced arrest was probably not due to a decrease in the transmembrane Na+ or K+ gradients because a further increase in the perfusate K+ concentration caused an increase in the K+ efflux to the levels observed in contracting hearts. The use of higher than normal concentrations of phosphate necessitated a lowering of the extracellular Ca2+ concentration, which caused a diminution of the oxygen consumption, accompanied by mitochondrial flavoprotein in the heart. This finding suggested that the extracellular Ca2+ concentration may be involved in the substrate level regulation of mitochondrial metabolism. PMID- 6793069 TI - Characterization of a plasma membrane-associated plasminogen activator on thymocytes. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from normal thymocytes of hamster and rats were found to exhibit neutral protease activity toward 125I-labeled casein. The plasma membrane-associated proteases were completely inhibited by the serine protease inhibitors, diisopropyl fluorophosphate, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and p nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate, partially inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor and antipain, but were only weakly inhibited by L-1-tosylamino-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone. The plasma membrane-associated proteases were also completely inhibited by ZnCl2 (75--100 mu M), but they were not affected by several other divalent cations. The plasma membrane fraction contained a plasminogen activator activity which was specifically localized in this fraction. The plasma membrane-associated plasminogen activator activity was inhibited by all of the inhibitors which inhibited plasma membrane-associated proteases except L-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone. Labeling of plasma membrane associated serine esterases with [3H] diisopropyl fluorophosphate followed by separation of the proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that this fraction contained a single major 3H-labeled protein of Mr 105 000. Both the plasminogen activator and the Mr 105 000 esterase were shown to be glycoproteins by affinity chromatography on lentil lectin Sepharose. These results indicate that the plasminogen activator of thymocytes is a glycosylated serine protease with an active site-containing subunit of Mr 105 000 which is specifically localized in the plasma membrane. PMID- 6793070 TI - Competition between erythromycin and virginiamycin for in vitro binding to the large ribosomal subunit. AB - When the S component of virginiamycin binds in vitro to the 50 S ribosomal subunit, a change of fluorescence intensity proportional to the amount of complex formed occurs. Erythromycin competes with virginiamycin S for attachment to ribosomes, and removes previously bound virginiamycin S from its target, as revealed by spectrofluorimetric analysis. The 50 S subunits which are incubated with the M component of virginiamycin (50 S*) have an increased affinity for virginiamycin S (the association constants of virginiamycin S with ribosomes are 2.5 x 10(6) M-1 in the absence of virginiamycin M, and 15 x 10(6) M-1 in its presence). Erythromycin does not compete with virginiamycin S for attachment to 50 S* subunits nor is it able to remove virginiamycin S previously bound to the 50 S* subunit. Thus, virginiamycin M produces a change in ribosomes, which results in a tighter complex virginiamycin S-50 S* subunit. Such change does not require the presence of virginiamycin M, however, as shown by the observation that ribosomes to which labeled virginiamycin M is transiently linked bind virginiamycin S in a form that cannot be removed by erythromycin. PMID- 6793072 TI - Evidence for absence of an interaction between purified 3-phosphoglycerate kinase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - The possibility of a functional complex formation between glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12) and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (EC. 2.7.2.3), enzymes catalysing two consecutive reactions in glycolysis has been investigated. Kinetic analysis of the coupled enzymatic reaction did not reveal any kinetic sign of the assumed interaction up to 4 X 10(-6) M kinase and 10(-4) M dehydrogenase. Fluorescence anisotrophy of 10(-7) M or 2 X 10(-5) M glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase labeled with fluorescein isothiocynate did not change in the presence of non-labeled 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (up to 4 X 10(-5) M). The frontal gel chromatographic analysis of a mixture of the two enzymes (10(-4) M dehydrogenase) could not reveal any molecular species with the kinase activity having a molecular weight higher than that of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. Both types of physicochemical measurements were also performed in the presence of substrates of the kinase and gave the same results. The data seem to invalidate the hypothesis that there is a complex between purified pig muscle glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase. PMID- 6793071 TI - Cleavage of human serum immunoglobulin G by an immobilized pepsin preparation. AB - In order to obtain an efficacious and safe immunoglobulin G (IgG) preparation for intravenous use, the digestion of IgG with an immobilized pepsin (EC 3.4.23.1) preparation was studied. Thus, pepsin was immobilized onto glutaraldehyde activated AH-Sepharose 4B under acidic conditions. THe enzymatic properties, such as proteolytic activity, pH-activity profile and heat stability, of the immobilized pepsin preparation were examined. The immobilized pepsin retained more than 40% of its proteolytic activity toward N-acetyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-3,5 diiodo-tyrosine and more than 30% toward IgG, and also remarkable stability as compared with free pepsin. The immobilized pepsin thus prepared was efficiently used for the limited cleavage of IgG and the gel-filtration effect of the column made it easily possible to yield the F(ab')2-rich fraction for intravenous use. PMID- 6793073 TI - Cleavage of the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen and the alpha-polymer of fibrin by the venom of spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis). AB - The effect of Naja nigricollis venom of fibrinogen and highly crosslinked fibrin was examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the reduced products of venom treatment. The venom contains a proteolytic activity which degraded the A alpha-chain of fibrinogen, but had no apparent effect on the B beta- or gamma chains of the molecule. The venom also readily degraded the alpha-polymer or highly crosslinked fibrin, without apparent cleavage of the beta-chain or the gamma-dimer of fibrin. The venom had no observed effect on plasminogen, indicating that the effects on the A alpha-chain and the alpha-polymer are by direct action of the venom, and not due to activation of plasminogen. The fibrinogenolysis was inhibited by EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. Inhibition with EDTA could be reversed by the addition of Zn2+. The fibrinogenolysis was optimal between pH 7 and 8, consistent with the expected pH optimum for a Zn2+ metalloproteinase. PMID- 6793074 TI - A sepharose derivative coupled with a leupeptin-like peptide aldehyde, glycylglycyl-L-argininal, and its use as an affinity adsorbent for trypsin. AB - A Sepharose derivative containing a peptide aldehyde, glycylglycyl-L-argininal, the structure of which resembles that of leupeptin was prepared. It was a strong affinity adsorbent for trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4). Bovine trypsin showed higher affinity for this adsorbent at the optimum pH of catalysis (8.2) than at lower pH (5.0). This observation was in good agreement with the pH dependence of the interaction of leupeptin and trypsin (Kuramochi, H., Nakata, H. and Ishii, S. (1979) J. Biochem. 86, 1403-1410). Streptomyces griseus trypsin was also adsorbed while trypsinogen, alpha-chymotrypsin and TLCK-trypsin were not adsorbed. Though anhydrotrypsin, in which Ser-183 is converted to dehydroalanine, was not adsorbed, carbamoylmethylated (His-46) trypsin was adsorbed. Ser-183 proved to be essential for the binding. This adsorbent can also be used as a good tool to study the mechanism of action of leupeptin. PMID- 6793075 TI - Isolation of two endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases from fig latex. AB - Two endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases (mannosyl-glycoprotein 1,4-N acetamidodeoxy-beta-D-glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.96) (type F-I and type F-II) have been isolated from fig latex. At pH 7.0, type F-1 was retained by the DEAE Sephadex A-50 column, whereas type F-II was not adsorbed by the column. The optimum pH of type F-I was found to be pH 5.9 and type F-II, pH 5.4. Type F-I enzyme hydrolyzes the tri-mannosyl derivatives di-N-acetylglucosaminylasparagine faster than the penta- or hexa-mannosyl compounds. Type F-II hydrolyzes the penta and hexa-mannosyl derivatives, but not the tri-mannosyl compound. PMID- 6793076 TI - Effects of alcohols on hydrolysis catalyzed by beta-D-glucosidase from Stachybotrys atra. AB - The interaction of alcohols in the hydrolysis of aryl beta-D-glucopyranosides and aryl beta-D-xylopyranosides by beta-D-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) from Stachybotrys atra has been investigated. The results constitute support for the presence of a glycosyl-enzyme intermediate, formed during the first step (glycosylation) of the proposed two-step mechanism. Transfer of the glycosyl group to an alcohol, with the formation of an alkyl glycopyranoside, can take place in parallel to the transfer to a water molecule (second or deglycosylation step). The alcohol binds to the free enzyme and to the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate. The glycosyl-enzyme-alcohol complex undergoes hydrolysis in addition to the alcoholysis. For aryl beta-D-glucopyranosides the deglycosylation step is rate-limiting. For aryl beta-D-xylopyranosides two kinds of substrate behaviour can be observed. Depending on the substituent group on the phenyl ring, either both steps are rate-controlling or the first step is rate limiting. Electron-withdrawing substituents increase the rate at which the substrate aglycon group is released. PMID- 6793077 TI - Studies on thermal adaptation in Tetrahymena membrane lipids. Changes in positional distribution of fatty acids in diacyl-phospholipids and alkyl-acyl phospholipids during temperature acclimation. AB - The positioning of acyl chains in both 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl- and 1,2-diacyl phospholipids was analyzed at various time intervals for a thermotolerant strain (NT-1) of Tetrahymena pyriformis cells during cold acclimation. During the 10 h period of adaptation, cells were not able to grow but maintained the ability to divide. The content of palmitate (16 : 0) in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was decreased after temperature-shift, with a concurrent increase of palmitoleate (16 : 1 delta 9) and gamma-linolenate (18 : 3 delta 6,9,12). An increase in gamma-linolenate at the 1-position and linoleate at the 2 position was observed in diacyl-phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid). The 2-position of 1-O-alkyl 2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine and 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-(2-aminoethyl)phosphonolipid was occupied mainly by gamma-linolenate together with cilienate (18 : 2 delta 6,11) and linoleate (18 : 2 delta 9,12). Cilienate and gamma-linolenate at the 2 position of 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine were increased after temperature shift, with a small decrease of linoleate. There are little significant changes in alkyl ether lipid content of phosphatidylcholine and 2 aminoethylphosphonolipid after temperature shift. The results indicate that phosphatidylethanolamine, which is most abundant and present only in the diacyl form, would play a crucial role in thermal adaptation of membrane lipids, by replacing palmitate with gamma-linolenate at its 1-position, and also that hexadecyl/gamma-linolenoyl phosphatidylcholine would be an important molecular species in the acclimation. PMID- 6793079 TI - Secretion of lipoproteins, apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E by isolated and perfused liver of rat with experimental nephrotic syndrome. AB - Nephrotic syndrome induced in the rat by the administration of puromycin aminonucleoside is accompanied by a hyperlipoproteinemia characterized by an elevation of all plasma lipoproteins, particularly of VLDL (1.006 g/ml) and HDL1 (1.050-1.090 g/ml). The increase of HDL1 is due to the accumulation of a lipoprotein species floating mainly in the density interval 1.050-1.090 g/ml, in which apolipoprotein A-I replaces apolipoprotein E as the major constituent peptide. This lipoprotein has been designated nephrotic HDL. The present study was conducted to establish whether nephrotic liver secreted more lipoproteins than the control liver and, in addition, produced a lipoprotein similar to nephrotic HDL found in plasma. Isolated livers from control and nephrotic rats were perfused with a lipoprotein-free medium for 3 h in a recirculating system. Lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation; apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E were measured in the whole perfusate at various time intervals. Nephrotic liver secreted twice as much VLDL and HDL2 and 30% more LDL and HDL1 than the control liver. This was accompanied by an increased secretion of both apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein E, the levels of which were 6.5- and 2 fold, respectively, of those found in the control perfusates at the end of the perfusion. In view of the increased secretion of apolipoprotein A-I, the apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein E ratio was much higher in the perfusates of nephrotic livers than in those of the controls. The concentration of apolipoproteins A-I and E in plasma of nephrotic rats was 7- and 2-fold, respectively, of that found in the plasma of the controls. In the perfusates of the nephrotic livers, we could not find a HDL1 (1.050-1.090 g/ml) rich in apolipoprotein A-I similar to that isolated from plasma (nephrotic HDL). We suggest that the latter is formed in the circulation from the intravascular modification of HDL2 secreted in excess by the liver. PMID- 6793078 TI - Catabolism of the apolipoproteins of HDL in control and nephrotic rats. AB - 125I-labeled high density lipoprotein (HDL) from control rats, or from rats made nephrotic by puromycin aminonucleoside, was injected into control or nephrotic rats. At 5 and 20 h, the amount and distribution of label remaining in apolipoproteins HDL, A-I, E, A-IV and the C apolipoproteins was measured after ultracentrifugal isolation of HDL and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic separation of each apolipoprotein. There were no significant differences in the removal rates of apolipoprotein HDL or of the individual apolipoproteins when the removal of HDL of controls was compared to HDL of nephrotics. HDL from nephrotic rats contains less than 10% of either the apolipoprotein A-IV or apolipoprotein E content of control HDL, indicating that neither apolipoprotein A-IV nor apolipoprotein E play a significant role in determining the catabolic fate of rat HDL. In severely nephrotic animals the apoliprotein C content of HDL was reduced to 50% of control values and the apolipoprotein A-I content of HDL rose to 87% of the total apolipoprotein. The individual apolipoproteins of HDL from either nephrotics or controls were catabolized at the same rates irrespective of the degrees of nephrosis or altered HDL apolipoprotein composition. The apparent fractional catabolic rates for apolipoprotein HDL and for each of the apolipoproteins, determined after 20 h, did not differ from one another, and all were reduced by half in the nephrotic rats compared to the normal controls. These results support the concept that HDL is catabolized as a particle mediated by apolipoprotein A-I recognition, and they reinforce earlier work indicating that increased synthesis is the dominant factor responsible for increased plasma HDL concentrations in experimental nephrosis. PMID- 6793080 TI - Formation of 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid by a rat lung high-speed supernatant fraction. AB - An enzyme was found in the high-speed (100 000 x g) supernatant fraction of a rat lung homogenate which catalysed the conversion of arachidonic acid into 8,11,12 trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. The isomeric 8,9,12-triol was not detected. The structure of the isolated product was confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis of the methyl ester t-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivative. These results indicate that formation of both positional isomers is carried out by separate enzymes, the distributions of which are not restricted to platelets. PMID- 6793081 TI - Application of photoactivatable fluorescent active-site directed probes to serine containing enzymes. AB - A photoactivatable fluorescent anthraniloyl group has been directed to the active site serine group of alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin. The acylated derivatives are nonfluorescent until irradiated. When activated by light a highly reactive nitrene is generated which is capable of covalent insertion into the protein matrix. The resultant insertion product of this photolysis is a highly fluorescent reporter group which has little rotational mobility and is cross linked through the serine to the protein matrix in the active site region of the protein. Because of the sensitivity to the polarity of the environment shown by the anthraniloyl chromophore, the dipolar relaxation characteristics of the cross linked through the serine to the protein matrix in the active site region of the protein. Because of the sensitivity to the polarity of the environment shown by the anthraniloyl chromophore, the dipolar relaxation characteristics of the cross linked enzyme and deacylated enzyme were determined. These measurements show that little relaxation occurs on the nanosecond time scale for the cross-linked enzyme, but upon deacylation of the serine increased dipolar relaxation of the protein with the attached reporter group is observed. The use of these active site directed photoactivatable fluorescent probes can be extended to probe the active-site structure of complex enzymes and conformational dynamics of active site regions in proteins and to serve as potential functional site labels in fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements. PMID- 6793082 TI - Stability of lactate dehydrogenases. I. Chemical modification of lysines. AB - The lysine residues of lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.27) can be amidinated by methyl-4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzimidate to introduce nitrophenolate anions. This modification results in lowered thermal stability, as does acetylation. The conversion of these groups into uncharged aminophenol groups without further modification of the enzyme itself stabilizes the enzymes from pig heart and muscle and from chicken muscle, as does acetamidination, but the unusually stable enzyme from chicken heart reverts only to the stability of the native form. The results allow for the following conclusions. Destabilization is brought about at many points at the surface of lactate dehydrogenases by neutralization of positive charges. Stabilization, in contrast, is concluded to be due to modification of one lysine at position 241 of the sequence. This lysine must have been changed to arginine during the evolution of heart-type lactate dehydrogenases in going from lower to higher reptiles. This exchange has been conserved in the enzymes from the hearts of birds and therefore the enzyme from chicken heart is very stable and cannot further be stabilized by modification of lysines. From X-ray structure analysis, the stabilization by exchange of Arg for Lys at position 241 or by amidination is explained by the formation of additional ion pairs with aspartic acid57 of the Q-related subunits. PMID- 6793083 TI - Effect of chymosin action on the hydrodynamic diameter of casein micelles. AB - Quasi-elastic light scattering shows an initial decrease of about 5 nm in the hydrodynamic radius of casein micelles after adding chymosin, assuming the decrease to be equal for all micelles. This is consistent with the hypothesis that casein micelles have a hairy outer layer that is partly made up of the caseino-macropeptide part of kappa casein. PMID- 6793084 TI - Oxidation of branched-chain amino acids in skeletal muscle and liver of rat. Effects of octanoate and energy state. AB - The effect of octanoate on the oxidative decarboxylation of 14C-labeled amino acids has been studied in perfused hindquarter and liver of rat. Regulation of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase has been further studied with alpha-[14C-1]ketoisovalerate in isolated rat muscle and liver mitochondria. (1) Octanoate has a stimulatory effect on the oxidation of branched-chain amino acids in perfused hindquarter. The oxidative decarboxylation of other amino acids are inhibited. Octanoate inhibits the oxidative decarboxylation of all amino acids in perfused liver. (2) The oxidation of valine is stimulated by octanoate and hexanoate also in isolated muscle mitochondria. The stimulatory effect is probably related to activation of the fatty acids since acyl-carnitines inhibit the oxidation. (3) The oxidation of alpha-ketoisovalerate in mitochondria is inhibited by competing substrates (pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate). This inhibition is counteracted by octanoate and ADP. (4) Low concentrations (1-5 microM) of 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) activates whereas higher concentrations inactivates the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in intact but not in solubilized muscle mitochondria. The inactivation is counteracted by ATP, but is increased by octanoate. (5) The observations seem to suggest that the activation (like the inactivation) of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase in skeletal muscle is dependent on the mitochondrial energy state which therefore may regulate both activation and inactivation of the dehydrogenase. PMID- 6793085 TI - An improved method for large scale purification of human holo-transcobalamin II. AB - 25 mg of human holo-transcobalamin II with a specific cobalamin-binding capacity of 0.95 mol cobalamin/mol TC II was purified from 122 kg Cohn fraction III with a yield of 73% and a purification factor of 9.34 . 10(5). Consecutive purification steps comprised CM-Sephadex batchwise ion-exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, using cyanocobalamin as a ligand, thermolability attached to 3.3' diaminodipropylamine-substituted CH-Sepharose, and gel filtration. The high yield of the purification procedure was achieved by improving the stability of apo transcobalamin II in the eluate of the CM-Sephadex, and by a few other modifications of a former procedure. In the latter, rapid denaturation of apo transcobalamin II prohibited the use of long term affinity chromatography, which is obligatory for processing large amounts of Crohn fraction. In addition, subfractionation of transcobalamin II into smaller fragments which occurred in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in previous studies, was now reduced, indicating that proteolysis in the CM-Sephadex eluate had been prevented effectively. PMID- 6793086 TI - Synthesis of factor II antigen by isolated perfused rat liver. AB - Rat Factor II (prothrombin), isolated and purified by chromatography on Blue Dextran-agarose, was used to raise an antiserum in rabbits. On the basis of single radial immunodiffusion measurements. Factor II synthesis by isolated perfused rat liver amounted to 0.54 mg/300 cm2 body surface area of the liver donor in 10 h. Corresponding measurements of Factor II coagulant activity revealed cumulative synthesis of 802 Iowa units. Coumadin added to the liver perfusate blocked production of Factor II coagulant activity, but did not change synthesis of the immunologically measured protein. In perfusions in which either heparin or citrate was used as anticoagulant, synthesis of albumin was not affected by the choice of anticoagulant but bile production and synthesis of Factor II were significantly less in citrate perfusions. PMID- 6793087 TI - Mechanisms of hormonal modulation of ion transport in the toad's urinary bladder. Subcellular localization of aldosterone-induced proteins. AB - A dual-label isotope technique was used to study the effects of aldosterone upon the incorporation of amino acids into proteins of the in vitro toad urinary bladder. Following labeling, the mucosal cells were disaggregated and the mitochondria-rich and granular cells were separated. Proteins with an elevated isotope ratio were found in a plasma membrane fraction (170 000, 110 000 and 85 000 daltons) and in the cytosol (36 000 and 6 000 daltons) of the preparations enriched in mitochondria-rich cells. These effects of aldosterone were blocked by cycloheximide. There was no evidence that aldosterone had induced the incorporation of labeled amino acids into carbonic anhydrase isolated from the soluble fraction by affinity chromatography. The results suggest that the physiologic response of the toad bladder to aldosterone is related to the synthesis of both soluble and plasma membrane proteins. PMID- 6793088 TI - [Effect of membrane-active compounds on the energized state when pea chloroplast photosystem I and photosystem II are operating separately]. AB - Effects of membrane-active compounds on photo-induced atebrin fluorescence quenching were studied on a pea chloroplast suspension. An observation of atebrin fluorescence separately with PSI and PSII revealed that the quenching was faster in preparations where PSI only was operable. The dark recovery of fluorescence occurred at the same rate in both photosystems. In the presence of low concentrations of methylamine or NH4Cl there was an acceleration of the fluorescence dark recovery, with PSII it occurred to be a greater extent. In the presence of valinomycin the acceleration was faster with PSI. Measurements of the rates of dark relaxation of electrochromic absorbance changes (with the maximum at 520 nm) induced by a single laser pulse also demonstrated the difference between the two photosystems. PMID- 6793089 TI - Enzymatic O-glycosylation of kappa-caseinomacropeptide by ovine mammary Golgi membranes. AB - The results of subcellular fractionation of sheep mammary gland membranes indicate that N-acetylgalactosaminyl polypeptide transferase and galactosyl-N acetylgalactosaminyl transferase, which are involved in the assembly of disaccharide units of kappa-casein, are localized chiefly in Golgi membranes. The glycosyltransferase activities incorporating N-acetyl [1-14C] galactosamine and [U-14C] galactose from uridine diphosphate N-acetyl [1-14C] galactosamine and uridine diphosphate [U-14C] galactose, respectively, were measured after membrane solubilization with Triton X-100 either with unglycosylated caseinomacropeptide, or with this polypeptide containing the N-acetylgalactosamine side chain residues (desialylated and degalactosylated caseinomacropeptide). Radioactive N acetylgalactosamine was incorporated in the unglycosylated acceptor peptide, and the glycosidic bonds in the product were alkali labile, suggesting that they were linked to the hydroxyamino acid residues. In addition radioactive N acetylgalactosamine was released after alpha N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase treatment of labelled caseinomacropeptide. [U-14C] galactose was incorporated in the desialylated and degalactosylated acceptor peptide. Reductive alkaline treatment of [U-14C] galactose peptide resulted in the release of a major product, the chromatographic properties of which in TLC were identical with authentic galactosyl (1 leads to 3) N-acetylgalactosaminitol. The structure of the labelled disacchariditol determined after periodate oxidation (two equivalents) by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the [U 14C] galactose was linked to position C-3 on the N-acetylgalactosaminyl-residue. The anomery of the galactose, as determined by a chemical method, indicates unambiguously a beta configuration. PMID- 6793090 TI - Methylation of ribosomal proteins in Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6793091 TI - [Isolation of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E and their estimation by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in blood plasma of dis-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients]. AB - The methods for isolation of pure apolipoproteins A-I, A-II and E from the blood plasma of donors for preparation of monospecific rabbit antisera against these apolipoproteins and their estimation in human blood plasma using immunoelectrophoresis are described. It was found that the average content of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) in the blood plasma of healthy males is 126.6 mg%, that of apolipoprotein A-II (apo A-II) is 56.8 mg%, that of apolipoprotein E (apo E) is 10.2 mg%. The apo A-I content in blood plasma is increased in hyper-alpha lipoproteinemic patients and is decreased in hypo-alpha-lipoproteinemic ones, i. e. there is a direct relationship between the changes in concentration of high density lipoproteins (HDL) and apo A-I. The concentration of apo A-II in dis alpha-lipoproteinemias varies within a narrow range. A considerable increase of the alpha-cholesterol/apo A-I ratio suggesting an increased capacity of HDL to transport cholesterol in hyper-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients is observed. There exists an indirect correlation between the changes in the contents of apo A-I and apo E in dis-alpha-lipoproteinemic patients. PMID- 6793092 TI - [Purification and some properties of 1,3-1,4-beta-glucanase from Bacillus subtilis]. AB - Using chromatography on cellulose, SE-Sephadex G-50 and gel filtration on acrylex P-60, 1.3 -- 1.4-beta-glucanase from Bac. subtilis, strain 103 was obtained and purified 142-fold. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 18.5 units per mg of protein. The homogeneity of 1.3 -- 1.4-beta-glucanase was determined by gel filtration on acrylex P-60, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectrofocusing and ultracentrifugation. Using electrophoresis in Na-SDS and gel filtration on acrylex P-60, the molecular weight of the enzyme was found to be equal to 30 000 and 33 000, respectively. The isoelectric point for the enzyme lies at pH 5.4. The enzyme does not contain tryptophane, free SH-groups or carbohydrates. PMID- 6793093 TI - [Structure of the Micrococcus lysodeikticus respiratory chain using low concentrations of Triton X-100 and glutaric aldehyde]. AB - Using low (0.0025 -- 0.025%) concentrations of Triton X-100, the correlation between the decrease of NADN- and malate oxidase activities and NADH- and malate dehydrogenase release in large fragments of Micrococcus lysodeikticus membranes was established. This was accompanied by membrane suspension clearance and a decrease of microviscosity of the membrane lipid component. Using NADH dehydrogenase, it was shown that the attachment of NADH-dehydrogenase to the membrane treated with glutaric aldehyde occurs in two steps, this being indicative of different environment of this enzyme in the membrane. The data obtained are discussed in terms of laterally heterogenous structure of the bacterial membrane with respect to the electron transport enzymes, in particular in favour of an existence of individual sites of the membrane containing dehydrogenases rather than other respiratory chain components. PMID- 6793094 TI - [Properties of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from cow brain nucleus caudatus]. AB - A new procedure for isolation of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from cow brain N. caudatus is proposed. The procedure described includes tissue disruption by homogenization and ultrasonication, isolation of a crude membrane fraction and subsequent washing of the membranes with 1 M NaCl and 0,6 M KCl. The receptor yield is 40 nmoles per 1 g of tissue. The receptor is of a muscarine type. The K alpha values for the complexes with acetylcholine (3,8.10(-5) M), D,L muscarine (3,7.10(-5) M), pilocarpine (3,7.10(-5) M), methylfurmethide (3,7.10( 5) M), atropine (2,5.10(-8) M and 1,2.10(-9) M) and platyphyllin (2,3.10(-7) M) were determined. The atropine binding within the pH range of 5 to 8 is weakly dependent on concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and EDTA and EGTA sodium salts as well as on pH. Atropine binding is inhibited by high concentrations of NaCl. It is concluded that N. caudatus from cow brain is a convenient source for isolation of the muscarine acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6793095 TI - Development of taurine metabolism in beagle pups: effects of taurine-free total parenteral nutrition. AB - In beagle pups (from 5 to 84 days of age), plasma taurine concentration decreased between 5 and 21 days of age with no change thereafer; cerebral taurine concentration decreased throughout the period of study but cerebral taurine content increased between 5 and 21 days of age; hepatic taurine content (but not concentration) increased throughout. Both hepatic cysteinesulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) activity and the concentration of taurine-conjugated bile acid of gallbladder bile increased during the period of study. Plasma and cerebral taurine pools were not affected by taurine-free total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Hepatic taurine content was also not affected, but taurine concentration decreased; however, this change resulted from an increase in hepatic size. Hepatic CSAD activity of animals that received TPN was greater than that of 35-day control animals while the concentration of taurine-conjugated bile acids in the gallbladder bile was less. Although plasma taurine concentration was not affected by intravenous glucose therapy, both the hepatic taurine concentration and content of these animals were less than those of 35-day control animals. Cerebral taurine concentration of these animals, on the other hand, were greater. Hepatic CSAD activity of the animals that received only intravenous glucose was similar to that of controls, but the taurine-conjugated bile acid concentration in the gallbladder bile, like that of animals that received TPN, was less than that observed in 35-day control animals. PMID- 6793096 TI - Role of fetal insulin in glycogen metabolism in the liver of the rat fetus. AB - In the near-term rat fetus liver, insulin decreased phosphorylase a activity, slightly increased synthase a activity and increased both glycogen content and 14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen; anti-insulin serum increased phosphorylase a activity and decreased glucose incorporation but did not modify synthase a activity. When pregnant rats were previously rendered hypoglycemia, insulin injection to the fetus enhanced glycogen accumulation. It is concluded that insulin is a regulatory factor of secondary importance for liver glycogen storage through its action on phosphorylase activity. PMID- 6793097 TI - Effect of cooling on the glucoregulation of anaesthetized and non-anaesthetized newborn dogs. AB - When newborn dogs 2-14 days of age, anaesthetized with Nembutal, were cooled to 30 degrees C body core temperature, their rate of CO2 production (QCO2) decreased as predicted by van't Hoff's law, but the rates of hepatic glucose production and overall glucose utilization were decreased to a lesser degree, indicating an increase in the percentage contribution of plasma glucose to the overall energy turnover. In different litters of pups cooled to 32 degrees C, QCO2 and the rate of glucose production and utilization were decreased as predicted by van't Hoff's law. The metabolic clearance rate of glucose was decreased by cooling in all pups. These changes were wholly or partially reversible upon rewarming. Because of the approximate parallelity in the changes in the rates of production and utilization of glucose, no consistent change in blood glucose was observed during cooling. When non-anaesthetized pups less than 6 days old were exposed to cold until their core temperature was decreased to 32 degrees C QCO2 increased transiently during cooling. A small and transient elevation in plasma glucose concentration was observed due to a small increase in hepatic glucose production. Older pups fell into two categories: those which were able to maintain their body temperature by increasing their metabolic rate did not react with any change in their rates of glucose production and utilization. On the other hand pups which, during cooling, failed to raise their metabolic rate became hyperglycaemic because of an increased rate of glucose production and a decrease in glucose clearance. IN CONCLUSION: in anaesthetized pups QCO2 and the rates of hepatic glucose production and utilization follow approximately van't Hoff's law, indicating the absence of significant regulatory responses. Non-anaesthetized pups, if they are able to maintain their body temperature during cooling by an increase of their metabolic rate, show no significant changes in glucose production and utilization. Hyperglycaemia developed only in those pups which failed to increase their metabolic rate and consequently became severely hypothermic. In no case did hypothermia lead to hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6793098 TI - Effect of cortisone on permeability of the neonatal rat lung to drugs. AB - The effect of cortisone (5 mg/animal i.p. on day 5 after birth) on the development of adult-type permeability characteristics in the lung was investigated in rats 6-18 days of age. In both treated and control rats, the lipid-soluble drug procainamide was absorbed at similar rates in all age groups. In contrast, in cortisone-treated animals, pulmonary absorption rates for the lipid-insoluble compounds mannitol and p-aminohippuric acid declined to adult levels at the age of 6 days, which was 12 days earlier than in controls. Cortisone treatment thus accelerates development of adult permeability characteristics in the pulmonary epithelium. PMID- 6793099 TI - Pituitary gonadotrophins in fetal and neonatal rabbits. AB - The pituitary gonadotrophins luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were found to be higher in female rabbit fetuses from day 25 to day 32 of pregnancy. No difference was observed in pituitary gonadotrophins or serum LH in the neonatal males and females on days, 1, 6 and 13. Serum FSH concentrations were significantly higher in female than in male neonates. It is concluded that the rabbit fetal pituitary is capable of synthesizing gonadotrophins from day 25 of gestation. PMID- 6793100 TI - Prostaglandin E2 stimulates cumulus expansion and hyaluronic acid synthesis by cumuli oophori isolated from mice. PMID- 6793101 TI - A new approach to quantification of spermatogenesis and its application to germinal cell attrition during human spermiogenesis. PMID- 6793103 TI - Prostaglandin formation by the sheep embryo and endometrium as an indication of maternal recognition of pregnancy. PMID- 6793102 TI - Acrosin, proacrosin, and acrosin inhibitor of guinea pig spermatozoa capacitated and acrosome-reacted in vitro. PMID- 6793104 TI - Changes in FSH and LH secretion in the ferret associated with the induction of ovulation by copper acetate. PMID- 6793105 TI - Arsenazo III-Ca2+. Effect of pH, ionic strength, and arsenazo III concentration on equilibrium binding evaluated with Ca2+ ion-sensitive electrodes and absorbance measurements. AB - Equilibrium binding properties of the metallochromic indicator Arsenazo III (AIII) were characterized by Ca2+ and acid/base titration. Free calcium was measured directly with Ca2+ ion-sensitive electrodes. Absorbance changes were measured by both a conventional scanning spectrophotometer and a dual wavelength spectrophotometer. Acid/base titration of AIII in conjunction with Ca2+ ion sensitive electrode measurement and absorbance changes indicate that pH can change AIII absorbance through a change of the K(D) for Ca-AIII formation, and, in addition, that there is a pH-specific component that is not dependent on Ca AIII formation. THe dissociation constant (K(D)) of AIII varied not only with pH, but with ionic strength and AIII concentration. Studies conducted to examine AIII Ca stoichiometry resulted in different initial conclusions, depending on the method of analysis. Log delta A-log AIII relations were in accord with previously published results, which indicate that more than one AII binds to one Ca2+ ion. But Job plots. Scatchard analysis, and Hill plots all indicated 1:1 binding. THe method of absorbance measurement, i.e., scanning or dual wavelength did not influence the results. these findings were reconciled on the basis of changes in K(D) with AIII concentration and ionic strength. In 200 mM KCl, K(D) of AIII-Ca varies by a factor of 7 between 10(-4.3) and 10(-3) M AIII. Thus, a disproportionately large amount of Ca-AIII is formed as AIII concentration is increased, which results in slopes greater than unity for log delta A-log AIII relations. PMID- 6793106 TI - Passive mechanical properties of human leukocytes. AB - Micropipette experiments are used to determine the rheological properties of human leukocytes. Individual cells in EDTA are subjected to a known aspiration pressure via a micropipette, and their surface deformation from the undeformed spherical shape is recorded on a television monitor. The cells are mathematically modeled as homogeneous spheres, and a standard solid viscoelastic model is found to describe accurately the deformation of the cell for small strains. These experimental and theoretical studies provide the basis for further investigations of leukocyte rheology in health and disease. PMID- 6793108 TI - Kinetics of chemical modification of arginine and lysine residues in calf thymus histone H1. PMID- 6793107 TI - The reaction of aromatic peptides with double helical DNA. Quantitative characterisation of a two step reaction scheme. AB - The binding of LysTrpLys and LysTyrLys to calf thymus DNA has been investigated by the field jump method using fluorescence detection. Two separate relaxation processes, clearly distinguished on the time scale and by opposite amplitudes, are observed for the binding of LysTrpLys to DNA with approximately 30000 base pairs. The concentration dependence of the relaxation time constants demonstrates a mechanism with a bimolecular step followed by a slow intramolecular transition with a forward rate of 6.4 X 10(3) s-1 and an equilibrium constant of 11. Measurements at various degrees of peptide binding demonstrate that the binding mechanism associated with low binding rates is restricted to a rather low number of binding sites (roughly one site in 15 base pairs). The binding of LysTyrLys to the same DNA is not associated with relaxation processes of opposite amplitudes; nevertheless two processes could be identified and assigned to a two step mechanism corresponding to that observed in the case of LysTrpLys. In the presence of sonicated DNA both peptides show a single relaxation process with characteristics similar to those observed for the slow process in the binding to high molecular DNA. The data indicate that the intramolecular step is faster for low than for high molecular DNA. these results suggest an assignment of the intramolecular step to an insertion of the aromatic residues into the DNA associated with bending of the helix. The increase in the rate of the intramolecular step with decreasing chain length of the DNA may then be explained by a higher flexibility of the double helix at lower chain lengths. PMID- 6793109 TI - Efficient extraction and mass spectrometric assay of serotonin in biological fluids. AB - A gas chromatographic mass spectrometric assay for serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine) has been developed. Serotonin is acylated in homogenized biological media, efficiently extracted into ethyl acetate, and further derivatized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride. Mass spectral characterization of derivatized serotonin using electron and positive or negative chemical ionization indicates that electron ionization mass spectrometry is useful for serotonin assay in most biological fluids and tissues, but that electron capture negative chemical ionization is required for samples containing less than 1-2 ng (cerebrospinal fluid). An assay limit of 10 pg per sample has been established. Examples of applications for the assay of serotonin in human platelets, rat spinal cord, and monkey cerebrospinal fluid are presented. PMID- 6793110 TI - Premature labor. PMID- 6793111 TI - Evaluation of programs for adolescents. PMID- 6793112 TI - Reduction of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets through skin removal. PMID- 6793113 TI - Respiratory response to acute metabolic acidosis. PMID- 6793114 TI - A morphologic and physiologic bioassay for quantifying alterations in the lung following experimental chronic inhalation of tobacco smoke. PMID- 6793115 TI - Clinical relevance of measurements of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6793116 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism and modulation of in vitro anaphylaxis by 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid and 9a,12a-octadecadiynoic acid. AB - 1. 5,8,11,14-Eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) inhibited the antigen-induced contractions of tracheal spirals obtained from actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Consistent data were obtained only when the spirals were treated with indomethacin. 2. ETYA did not affect histamine-induced contractions of indomethacin-treated tracheal spirals. 3. 9a, 12a-Octadecadiynoic acid (Ro-3 1314) a potential inhibitor of linoleic acid metabolism, stimulated the antigen induced contraction of guinea-pig tracheal spirals and the immunological release of slow reacting substances of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from actively sensitized guinea-pig lung fragments. 4. Both ETYA and Ro-3-1314 inhibited the immunological release of malondialdehyde from guinea-pig lung fragments. 5. The data indicate that the effects of ETYA were due to inhibition of lipoxygenase and the effects of Ro-3-1314 were due to inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase. 6. The results suggest that products of lipoxygenase contribute to the antigen-induced contraction of guinea-pig lung, particularly when cyclo-oxygenase is inhibited. Under these conditions there may be redirection of the metabolism of arachidonic acid to favour production of constrictor products of lipoxygenase such as SRS-A. PMID- 6793117 TI - A cytochemical bioassay method for the determination of luteinizing hormone in biological fluids and tissues. AB - 1 The ability of luteinizing hormone (LH) to alter the reducing activity of corpora lutea in rat ovarian sections has been exploited to develop a new cytochemical bioassay for the hormone. 2 Sections of ovaries, removed from mature rats during the second day of dioestrus, were incubated with either standard LH or samples diluted for assay, stained immediately for reducing potential and the intensity of the stain measured by scanning and integrating microdensitometry. 3 An inverse linear relationship existed between the density of the stain and the logarithm of the concentration of standard LH (68/40) and the dose-response lines of serial dilutions of rat or human plasma were parallel with those of the standard. 4 The method was found to be accurate, specific, sensitive, precise and suitable for the determination of LH in the rat and in man. PMID- 6793118 TI - The effect of cimetidine on basal and stimulated pepsin secretion in the isolated whole stomach of the rat. AB - 1 The isolated stomach preparation of the immature rat has been used to study the stimulation and inhibition of pepsin secretion. 2 The isolated stomach secretes a basal level of pepsin. High concentrations (10(-3)M) of the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine, and the muscarinic receptor blocking drug, atropine, did not affect this secretion in a manner which was consistently of statistical significance. 3 Concentrations of histamine of 10(-5)M, 10(-4)M and 10(-3) M stimulated maximum levels of pepsin output of 126%, 155% and 299% respectively of control. There was no evidence that this secretion was secondary to the stimulation of acid secretion. 4 Cimetidine (10(-4)M and 10(-3)M) produced a dose related inhibition of the pepsin output to 10(-3)M histamine, suggesting that histamine H2-receptors mediate this response. 5 Atropine (10(-3)M) had no effect on the pepsin response to 10(-3)M histamine, suggesting that muscarinic mechanisms play no part, even modulatory, in this secretion. PMID- 6793119 TI - Tyramine antagonistic properties of AGN 1135, an irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B. AB - 1 The effects of the irreversible monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, AGN 1133, AGN 1135 and (-)-deprenyl, on tyramine and noradrenaline responses and uptake of [3H]-metaraminol were investigated in the isolated vas deferens of the rat. Uptake of [3H]-metaraminol and [3H]-octopamine was compared in mouse vas deferens. The modification of tyramine and noradrenaline-induced pressor responses by AGN 1133 and AGN 1135 was examined in anaesthetized rats and cats. 2 AGN 1133 (7.5 x 10(-6)M) greatly potentiated responses to tyramine in the rat isolated vas deferens. Both AGN 1135 and (-)-deprenyl inhibited tyramine responses selectively at concentrations above 10(-5)M (which caused almost complete inhibition of MAO types A and B) but tyramine responses were potentiated on washing out the inhibitors. 3 AGN 1135 (10(-4)M) and (-)-deprenyl (10-5)M) inhibited [3H]-metaraminol uptake by about 20% in rat and mouse vas deferens; neither inhibitor affected [3H]-octopamine uptake in mouse vas deferens. Desmethylimipramine (10(-6)M) inhibited amine uptake by more than 70%. 4 AGN 1133 (1.5 mg/kg) potentiated pressor responses to tyramine in rats and cats whereas AGN 1135 (1.5 mg/kg) did not. 5 AGN 1135 possesses tyramine antagonistic activity which is qualitatively similar to that of (-)-deprenyl but which cannot satisfactorily be explained by inhibition of neuronal or granula amine uptake. PMID- 6793120 TI - Effects of glyceryl trinitrate and SIN-1A on musculature and vasculature of the dog trachea in situ. AB - In dog trachea in situ, perfused arterially with blood, isoprenaline, glyceryl trinitrate and N-nitroso-N-morpholinoamino-acetonitrile (SIN-1A) given intra arterially, decreased tracheal tone which had been elevated by neostigmine and increased tracheal blood flow. Glyceryl trinitrate and SIN-1A were more effective on the tracheal musculature than on the tracheal vasculature whereas isoprenaline was equally effective on both. PMID- 6793121 TI - An appraisal of 12 solutions used for bladder irrigation or instillation. PMID- 6793122 TI - The effect of pH on the urinary inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth. AB - Urinary inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth was measured in metastable solutions of sodium oxalate and calcium chloride at different pH. Inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal growth in urine from patients with calcium oxalate stone disease increased with increasing pH. The increase was most pronounced between pH 5.5 and 7.0. Sodium pyrophosphate in a similar way inhibited calcium oxalate crystal growth in this pH interval, and between pH 6.0 and 7.5 there was also a slight increase in the inhibiting activity by chondroitin sulphate and citrate. Approximative correction factors were calculated in order to obtain a more appropriate value of the inhibition index when urine pH was different from 6.0, and a reasonably good correlation was obtained between inhibition indices calculated by means of the correction factor and inhibition indices derived from direct measurements of the crystal growth rate in solutions with different pH. PMID- 6793123 TI - Doctors and nurses. PMID- 6793124 TI - Management of patients with bilateral amputations. PMID- 6793125 TI - Preconception clinics. PMID- 6793126 TI - Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6793127 TI - Cerebral blood flow and blood viscosity in patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. AB - Blood viscosity, cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral oxygen carriage (CBF X arterial oxygen content) were measured in 12 patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. CBF and cerebral oxygen carriage were both significantly higher than in a comparative group of 20 patients with raised packed cell volumes and normal lung function. The patients with secondary polycythaemia then underwent venesection and their mean packed cell volume fell from 0.613 to 0.495. This led to a consistent reduction in blood viscosity, which fell by 44% at a low shear rate (0.67/s) and 33% at a high shear rate (0.91/s). CBF rose by 21% (p less than 0.01), but cerebral oxygen carriage did not significantly increase in the group as a whole. Four of the patients with secondary polycythaemia had complained of episodes of confusion before venesection, which improved considerably once the packed cell volume had been lowered. Headache was relieved in a further two patients and none of the subjects was adversely affected by venesection. It was not possible, however, to show a correlation between symptomatic improvement and an increase in cerebral oxygen carriage. PMID- 6793129 TI - Whooping cough in adults. AB - During the 1970s whooping cough returned in Sweden after an absence of more than 10 years and is now seen in all age groups, During a three-year period 174 adults with culture-verified whooping cough were identified in Gothenburg. Most of the patients had typical symptoms with whooping attacks and often vomiting. The disease was long lasting but complications were rare. Physicians should be aware that whooping cough may occur in adults, since adults may be an important source of infection for infants and erythromycin given in the catarrhal phase may modify the clinical course. PMID- 6793128 TI - Effect of antigen load on development of milk antibodies in infants allergic to milk. AB - The phenomenon that large amounts of antigen, such as are absorbed during the neonatal period, suppress the IgE response while low-dose exposure enhances it was investigated by analysing the antibody responses of infants allergic to milk according to their degree of exposure to cows'-milk protein. IgG, IgA, and IgM milk-specific antibodies in these infants and in age-matched controls were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Milk-specific IgE and total IgE were also measured. Children allergic to milk who were breast fed and had had minimal exposure to cows' milk had decreased titres of IgG, IgA, and IgM milk antibodies compared with infants allergic to milk who, before diagnosis, had been fed substantial volumes of cows' milk. Conversely, the infants with minimal exposure to cows' milk showed vastly increased total and milk-specific IgE antibodies compared with the milk-fed infants. These results support recent experimental evidence that appreciable amounts of allergen suppress rather than stimulate IgE production. These data may have important implications for dietary regimens in at-risk infants. The results also lend support for the role of IgE in immediate-type allergic reactions and suggest that various non-IgE immune mechanisms play a part in the aetiology of intolerance to cows'-milk protein in some children. PMID- 6793130 TI - Herpes-zoster myelitis treated successfully with vidarabine. PMID- 6793131 TI - Primary systemic amyloidosis presenting as extreme hyperlipidaemia with tendon xanthomas. PMID- 6793132 TI - Organisations relevant to primary health care in two communities. PMID- 6793133 TI - Diabetes mellitus: II: treatment. PMID- 6793135 TI - Assessing methods- recognising linearity. PMID- 6793134 TI - An investigation into the management of bilateral leg amputees. AB - Patients with bilateral high level amputations of the legs are rarely functionally independent after their discharge from hospital. Eighty bilateral amputees were visited by a research physiotherapist, and information was obtained on their family circumstances, accommodation, mobility, and prostheses. A second questionnaire was completed by hospital staff on medical condition, assessments, rehabilitation, and total overall management. The results showed that mobility was severely restricted; out of the 80 patients visited, only 65 could manoeuvre wheelchairs and 23 use prostheses. Accommodation presented difficulties: 34 homes had steps inside and 40 had steps outside. Of the 80 patients seen, 60 could not cope in the bath while 33 were unable to use the lavatory. Assessments and rehabilitation were lacking. There appeared to be little overall management, and hospital staff made only 36 visits to the patient's accommodation before discharge. PMID- 6793136 TI - Antagonistic effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on frusemide-induced diuresis in cardiac failure. PMID- 6793137 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Minor orthopaedic problems in children. PMID- 6793138 TI - An evaluation of home visiting of patients by physicians in geriatric medicine. AB - The practice of preadmission home visiting of patients referred to geriatric medicine units has in recent years been criticised as being unnecessary on the grounds that if there is no waiting list there is no need for allocation of priority for admission; as being wasteful of doctors' time; as being resented by general practitioners; and as failing to provide adequate clinical information. The geriatric medicine department at the City Hospital with no waiting list for patients referred by general practitioners has retained home visits for most referrals because of the advantages in terms of acceptability to general practitioners (98-100%); the quantity and quality of information obtained; the usefulness of this information in deciding appropriate management and in planning discharge from hospital; and the provision of a unique teaching opportunity, which is highly valued by students and teachers alike. PMID- 6793139 TI - Audit in renal failure. PMID- 6793140 TI - Eosinophilia in patients undergoing dialysis. PMID- 6793141 TI - Hazards of biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6793142 TI - Pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6793143 TI - Arthritis and arthralgia associated with toxocaral infestation. PMID- 6793144 TI - Stridor. PMID- 6793145 TI - Oldest case of sarcoidosis in the world. PMID- 6793146 TI - Pronounced cerebellar features in legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6793147 TI - Chlorosis, anaemia, and anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6793149 TI - Noise at work. PMID- 6793148 TI - Nodules at infection sites. PMID- 6793150 TI - Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects. PMID- 6793151 TI - Specialty budgeting in the new district health authorities. PMID- 6793152 TI - Community physicians and NHS reorganisation in England. PMID- 6793153 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6793154 TI - Assessment of insomnia. PMID- 6793155 TI - Transdermal drug administration--a nuisance becomes an opportunity. PMID- 6793156 TI - Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin after oral glucose load. AB - To study the relation between hyperglycaemia and a change in the concentration of glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1) blood glucose and HbA1 concentrations were measured during an oral glucose tolerance test and for 120 days afterwards in 20 normal subjects. These measurements showed that a minor degree of hyperglycaemia led to a significant increase in lycosylated haemoglobin concentrations. The increase appeared 10 days after the test, and values remained raised until 30 days and returned to normal 60 days after the test. If such a minor fluctuation of blood glucose can lead to a significant increase in HbA1 concentrations the test may be too sensitive as an index of long-term blood glucose control in diabetics. PMID- 6793157 TI - Carbon monoxide and exercise tolerance in chronic bronchitis and emphysema. AB - The effects of carbon monoxide on exercise tolerance as assessed by the distance walked in 12 minutes were studied in 15 patients with severe chronic bronchitis and emphysema (mean forced expiratory volume in one second 0.56 1, mean forced vital capacity 1.54 1). Each subject walked breathing air and oxygen before and after exposure to sufficient carbon monoxide to raise their venous carboxyhaemoglobin concentration by 9%. There was a significant reduction in the walking distance when the patients breathed air after exposure to carbon monoxide (p less than 0.01), and the significant increase in walking distance seen after exercise when breathing oxygen at 2 1/minute via nasal cannulae was abolished if carbon monoxide has previously been administered. Thus concentrations of carboxyhaemoglobin frequently found in bronchitic patients who smoke may reduce their tolerance of everyday exercise, possibly by interfering with the transport of oxygen to exercising muscles. PMID- 6793158 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine. AB - Pulmonary hypertension developed in two women who had been taking fenfluramine for over eight months for weight reduction. On withdrawing the drug symptoms and electrocardiographic evidence of pulmonary hypertension disappeared in both cases. In one patient, however, the evidence recurred after rechallenge with fenfluramine.These findings are strong evidence that fenfluramine may cause pulmonary hypertension. Hence any patient taking the drug should report immediately any deterioration in exercise tolerance. PMID- 6793159 TI - Antibiotic use in otitis media: patient simulations as an aid to audit. AB - Diagnostic and prescribing practices in otitis media vary, and audit is difficult because doctors may not see comparable cases. Seven general practitioners took part in a pilot study to discover if simulated patients evoked the same diagnostic and treatment responses as reveal patients. Forty-eight patients entered the study over three weeks and provided data for two simulations; one included the doctor's description of the ear and the other a photograph instead. Each doctor was shown the two sets of simulations and asked to state his diagnosis and treatment. The diagnoses each doctor reached agreed significantly with those reached on the simulations of the same patients. The decisions to prescribe antibiotics also showed good agreement. PMID- 6793160 TI - Orchidectomy alone for stage I testicular teratoma. PMID- 6793161 TI - Clonazepam: effective treatment for restless legs syndrome in uraemia. PMID- 6793162 TI - Metastatic Crohn's disease of the umbilicus. PMID- 6793163 TI - Burns caused by striking underground electricity cables. PMID- 6793164 TI - Spinal cord degeneration in a case of "recovered" spinal decompression sickness. PMID- 6793165 TI - Upper respiratory tract infection in children. PMID- 6793166 TI - Simple SOAP system. PMID- 6793167 TI - Squash ball to eye ball: the likelihood of squash players incurring an eye injury. AB - The records of the 118 patients treated as Southampton Eye Hospital during 1978-9 for injuries incurred while playing squash, badminton, tennis, table tennis, cricket, and football show that for squash the main cause of eye injury was the player being hit by the ball. Severe eye injuries--those requiring treatment as an inpatient--were rare but much more frequent than such injuries in other sports. Less serious injuries--those requiring treatment as an outpatient--were also rare, with a frequency comparable with that of similar injuries in football and badminton. Squash players are most unlikely to incur an eye injury, but should this occur it has far-reaching consequences both in the short and the long term. Each individual player must weigh these chances and consequences against the possible inconvenience of using some form of eye protection. PMID- 6793168 TI - The relation between consumption and damage. PMID- 6793169 TI - Statistics in question. Assessing methods--many variables. PMID- 6793170 TI - Opiate toxicity in elderly patients. PMID- 6793171 TI - Long-term effects of radiation. PMID- 6793172 TI - Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer. PMID- 6793173 TI - Statistics in question. PMID- 6793174 TI - Caution on preventing neural tube defects. PMID- 6793175 TI - Reversible renal damage due to glue sniffing. PMID- 6793176 TI - Vitamin A toxicity and hypercalcaemia in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6793178 TI - "Now, you need an x-ray examination. . . .". PMID- 6793177 TI - RAWP--new injustice for old? PMID- 6793179 TI - Fetal ascites and congenital heart disease. PMID- 6793180 TI - Acute viral encephalitis. PMID- 6793181 TI - Consent to treatment. PMID- 6793182 TI - Blood concentrations of acetaldehyde during chlorpropamide-alcohol flush. AB - To test the suggestion that chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) resembles the disulfiram effect and might be mediated by acetaldehyde, the initial metabolite of alcohol, blood concentrations of acetaldehyde were measured after a drink of alcohol in controls and diabetics positive and negative for CPAF. The CPAF positive diabetics had significantly greater blood acetaldehyde concentrations after alcohol than the CPAF-negative diabetics both with a single dose of chlorpropamide and after two weeks' chlorpropamide treatment. Concentrations in the CPAF-positive group after chlorpropamide were also significantly greater than after a placebo tablet. There was also a clear separation in the increase in facial temperature after two weeks of chlorpropamide between the CPAF-positive and CPAF-negative groups (although there was some overlap after a single tablet). There was no difference in plasma chlorpropamide or alcohol concentrations between CPAF-positive and CPAF-negative diabetics. These findings show that CPAF is distinct from alcohol flushing and that the acetaldehyde concentration in the blood provides an objective measure of CPAF. The difference between flushing and non-flushing diabetics cannot be accounted for by differences in blood concentrations of chlorpropamide or alcohol. PMID- 6793183 TI - Improved pain relief after thoracotomy: use of cryoprobe and morphine infusion. AB - In a randomised controlled trial carried out during the first to days after thoracotomy patients who had had intercostal nerves frozen with a cryoprobe or were given morphine by continuous intravenous infusion had significant less pain at rest than patients given intramuscular morphine. Differences between the groups with respect to pain on movement and during physiotherapy were not significant. Pain was estimated using visual analogue scales, and an arc sine transformation was carried out on values obtained from these scales before comparison using an analysis of variance. The trial did not distinguish between the cryoprobe and infusion treatment. The simplicity of the cryoprobe had much to commend it, but in units without access to this equipment a small infusion pump offers a satisfactory alternative. PMID- 6793184 TI - Cerebral ischaemia after nifedipine treatment. PMID- 6793185 TI - Hepatitis B infection in glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6793186 TI - Foot problems of the elderly: a hospital survey. PMID- 6793187 TI - Asthma in workers manufacturing cephalosporins. PMID- 6793188 TI - Anti-inflammatory drugs in management of spondylosis. PMID- 6793189 TI - Lyme arthritis appearing outside the United States: a case report from Switzerland. PMID- 6793190 TI - A case in favour of Poncet's disease. PMID- 6793191 TI - Chronic bronchitis. I: Diagnosis and investigations. PMID- 6793192 TI - Changing face of general practice. PMID- 6793193 TI - General practitioner in rescue helicopters. PMID- 6793194 TI - The six diseases of WHO. Onchocerciasis. PMID- 6793196 TI - Statistics in question. Assessing methods--critical comment. PMID- 6793195 TI - Attitudes towards civil defence and the psychological effects of nuclear war. PMID- 6793197 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Common rashes. PMID- 6793198 TI - Preventing alcohol problems: a job for Canute? PMID- 6793199 TI - Non-traumatic paraplegia in northern Tanzania. AB - A retrospective study of all 100 cases of non-traumatic (medical) paraplegia admitted to a large hospital in northern Tanzania over an eight-year period was undertaken; 15 of the patients were examined. Patients' ages ranged from 2 to 80 years (mean 31), and 67 were male. Seventy-one lived under 85 km (53 miles) from the hospital, and the average period from onset of symptoms of paraplegia to admission to the referral hospital was ten weeks. Tuberculosis was the most frequent cause of paraplegia (54%), followed by neoplasia (13%) and schistosomiasis, (6%). No cases of nutritional myelopathy were diagnosed. In 12 cases a diagnosis could not be established. The average period spent in hospital was 11 weeks, and 35 patients made a good recovery and were ambulant at discharge. PMID- 6793201 TI - The medical check-up. PMID- 6793200 TI - Caring for the aged. PMID- 6793203 TI - Trigeminal neuralgia: treat but do not prolong. PMID- 6793202 TI - Management of gastrointestinal bleeding. PMID- 6793204 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and frusemide-induced diuresis. PMID- 6793205 TI - The new psychiatry. PMID- 6793206 TI - Biochemical and serological studies of Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle and buffaloes in Malaysia. PMID- 6793207 TI - Classifying and comparing retinal ganglion cells. AB - A simple numerical method is suggested for comparing the types of ganglion cell in the cat, monkey, rabbit and pigeion, using the W,X,Y classification as a basis. PMID- 6793208 TI - The morphology of the cervical giant fiber neuron of Drosophila. AB - The morphology of the cervical giant fiber (CGF) neuron of Drosophila melanogaster was studied by intracellular injection of Lucifer yellow dye. The CGF neuron is the command cell in a motor circuit causing visually driven escape behavior: a single action potential in a CGF axon produces patterned activity in jump and flight muscles. The present study identified the CGF cell body, a large soma located in the posterior part of the lower ipsilateral protocerebrum. The main process runs anteriorly from the cell body, extends three branches, and turns posteromedially while descending through the brain. The CGF axon courses through the cervical connective and ends within the mesothoracic neuromere of the thoracic ganglion. Thus, the CGF neuron is an interneuron, not a motoneuron as previously believed. We have been isolating mutants that affect CGF neuron mediated behavior. Comparison of CGF neuron morphology in wildtype strains with that in these mutants will allow identification of genes that affect the development, structure, and connections of the CGF neuron. PMID- 6793210 TI - A study of the kinetic behaviour of glucose based on simultaneous estimates of influx and phosphorylation in brain regions of rats in different physiological states. AB - Results from the application of a procedure that allows simultaneous estimation of the rates of glucose transport from blood and of glucose phosphorylation in discrete regions of the brain are given for groups of rats displaying chemically induced motor disturbances. The procedure is based on sequential injections of [14C]- and [3H]-2-deoxyglucose followed a few minutes later by focused microwave irradiation to the head. Control conscious rats were used and rats displaying either whole body tremors, hind-limb rigidity or choreoathetotic movements induced by synthetic pyrethroid compounds. For individual rats estimates of 5 parameters were obtained in up to 16 brain regions. In addition brain tissue and plasma glucose concentrations were determined. The 5 parameters were: (1) rate of total glucose influx from plasma; (2) rate of glucose phosphorylation (equivalent to net influx); (3) rate of glucose efflux; (4) half-life of free glucose in brain; and (5) PS-product expressed as the ratio of the rate of glucose influx to plasma glucose concentration. For each parameter significant differences between regions were found in all groups of animals including conscious controls. The mean values for the somatosensory cortex of control rats were parameter: (1) 2.02 mumol/g/min; (2) 1.11 mumol/g/min; (3) 0.91 mumol/g/min; (4) 0.94 min; and (5) 0.196 ml/g/min. A high correlation was observed between the rate of total glucose influx and the rate of glucose phosphorylation for all brain regions in all groups of rats. This finding is discussed in terms of a synchronized regulatory mechanism on the glucose transport carrier of capillary endothelial cells and on the functional hexokinase Vmax activity within brain cells. PMID- 6793209 TI - The calculation of the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in brain: effect of electroconvulsive seizure. AB - This study has investigated the feasibility of calculating the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio in rat brain. The time course of the change in the substrate ratios of the malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.40], NADP+-isocitrate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.42] and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) [E.C. 1.1.1.44] reactions was followed for up to 10 min after a single, unmodified electroconvulsive seizure. From the results it has been concluded that during periods of low flux, the direction and magnitude of the change in the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio can, in fact, be reasonably determined even though there is some uncertainty in the absolute value of the ratio itself. It is recommended that reliance not be placed on a single enzyme system but that one or both of the other systems also be observed under a given experimental condition to increase confidence in the determination. The results also demonstrate that seizure and anoxia have a far lesser effect on the cytoplasmic free [NADP+]/[NADPH] ratio than on the free [NAD+]/[NADH] ratio in the same compartment. These results suggest that the pathways using the nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate system are relatively protected from the rapid fluctuations that seizure and anoxia can produce. PMID- 6793211 TI - Effect of septohippocampal lesions on thyrotropin-releasing hormone antagonism of pentobarbital narcosis. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been shown to antagonize pentobarbital narcosis in a variety of mammalian phylogeny, and many lines of evidence indicate that TRH action in the septum to modulate the septohippocampal system may be the neuroanatomical substrate mediating this effect. To further examine this hypothesis, the analeptic response following injection of TRH into the lateral ventricles or ventromedial septum was measured after lesions of the septum, fimbria or hippocampus. Lesions were induced using either radiofrequency current, aspiration or microinjection of kainic acid. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the fimbria were found to block the antagonism of pentobarbital narcosis by intraseptal injection of 500 ng TRH, indicating that intraseptal TRH is acting via the septohippocampal system. In contrast, complete aspiration of the dorsal hippocampi did not attenuate intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of TRH. However, large electrolytic septal lesions effectively blocked i.c.v. TRH. These findings indicate first that i.c.v. TRH can cause arousal from pentobarbital narcosis via interaction with alternative neuroanatomical substrates from the septohippocampal system, and secondly, that these alternative substrates have axons which either synapse in or pass through the septum. The fact that injection of kainic acid into the ventromedial septum did not antagonize i.c.v. TRH supports the likelihood that the effectiveness of electrolytic septal lesions results from disruption of fibers in passage and not destruction of neuron perikarya in the septum. PMID- 6793212 TI - Hypercapnia and hypoxia: chemoreceptor-mediated control of locus coeruleus neurons and splanchnic, sympathetic nerves. AB - Utilizing single cell recording techniques to study brain norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) and, in the same rats, registration of splanchnic nerve activity (SNA) the effects on these systems of hypercapnia and hypoxia, respectively, were studied. Hypercapnia (pCO2 36-103 mm Hg) caused a rapid increase in the firing rate of LC neurons as well as in SNA. This effect was directly correlated with the added amount of CO2 in the inspired gas mixture. This finding indicates a similar chemo-receptor-mediated regulation of LC neurons and SNA. Since deafferentation of peripheral chemoreceptors did not alter the response of these systems to hypercapnia, the chemoreceptors involved must be centrally located. In hypoxia (pO2 105-31 mm Hg) the overall effect on LC neurons was activation, whereas SNA was reduced. These effects were, however, not dose-dependent. Peripheral receptor deafferentation abolished the activation by hypoxia, suggesting that the LC neurons are influenced also by peripheral chemoreceptors. The results indicate that the previously observed increase in brain NE turnover in hypercapnia is largely secondary to increased neuronal activity and not due to, e.g., changes in metabolic enzymes. In addition, the data implicate chemoreceptors, centrally but also peripherally located, in the regulation of brain NE neurons in the LC. The activation of these neurons in hypercapnia, generally associated with increased apprehension in man, is consistent with the notion that the LC may serve as an alarm system in the brain. PMID- 6793213 TI - Voltage-dependent current evoked by dopamine and octopamine in Aplysia. AB - Octopamine and dopamine evoke a slow voltage-dependent inward current in neurons of Aplysia. The responses are present only at depolarized potentials (greater than -40 mV). They are insensitive to changes in potassium, persist after removal of sodium, are not reduced by low chloride solution, and are blocked by cadmium. Because of the similarities in voltage-dependence, time course and ionic sensitivities, the ionic mechanism of the voltage-dependent responses to octopamine and dopamine are concluded to be the same as that of the voltage dependent response to serotonin reported previously. PMID- 6793214 TI - Neuron-specific enolase in relation to differentiation in human neuroblastoma. AB - The presence of the two forms of enolase, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and non neuronal enolase (NNE), have been examined in biopsy material of human neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma and cultured neuroblastoma cells, after separation with ion exchange chromatography. The enolase activities were inhibited in the presence of NaCl but remained active in KCl, which were used in the chromatographic step. The relative NSE levels in the neuroblastoma tissues were found to be lower than in the histopathologically more differentiated forms of the tumour, i.e. ganglioneuroblastoma and ganglioneuroma. The human neuroblastoma in vitro cell lines SK-N-SH, SH-SY5Y, SK-N-MC and IMR-32 contained considerably lower relative levels of NSE compared to the levels in the neuroblastoma biopsies. After treatment of the cultured cells with nerve growth factor or dibutyryl-cAMP some cells showed morphological differentiation and concomitantly an increase in the NSE levels. The results indicate that NSE might be useful as a marker for differentiation in human neuroblastoma. PMID- 6793215 TI - [Susceptibility of human cells cultured in vitro to infection by type C xenotropic retroviruses]. AB - Studies on the susceptibility of several human cell lines cultured in vitro, to infection by different type C xenotropic retroviruses, demonstrate the existence of a wide variation in the responses of the cells investigated. These results suggest a genetic control mechanism of the viral replication by human cells. PMID- 6793216 TI - [Local brain consumption of glucose during waking and slow wave sleep in the cat]. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) was measured during spontaneous waking and slow wave sleep (SWS) by adaptation of the [14C] deoxyglucose method to the unrestrained Cat. During waking LCGU ranges from 12 micromoles. 100g-1.mn-1 for white matter to 113 for the inferior colliculus. During SWS most regions exhibit higher levels of LCGU. Thus it appears that there is no decrease of cerebral metabolic activity during SWS in the Cat. PMID- 6793217 TI - [Neuronal differentiation of neural crest cells cultured in a defined medium]. AB - Mesencephalic neural crest cells from Quail embryos, cultivated in a defined serum free medium, exhibit neurite extension and typical neuronal traits. This differentiation is never achieved in the presence of serum. Addition of serum into the culture medium after neuronal differentiation has occurred, induces complete regression of the neurites. PMID- 6793218 TI - Classics in oncology: lymphangiosarcoma in postmastectomy lymphedema: a report of six cases in elephantiasis chirurgica. PMID- 6793219 TI - Screening of asymptomatic women for endometrial cancer. AB - This report describes the preliminary results of a feasibility study of detection of endometrial carcinoma in an asymptomatic population of women aged 45 and above. The initial sample of 1,280 women was evaluated by several cytologic smear techniques and by two endometrial sampling methods assigned by computer. The clinical approaches and the techniques used are detailed. During this initial period of study, eight histologically proved endometrial cancers were diagnosed, two of which were deeply invasive. With one exception, the eight patients were either obese or had a history of treatment with conjugated estrogens. A relatively small number of women with endometrial hyperplasia of various types were also identified. The accuracy of the detection methods and their long-term impact on morbidity and mortality cannot be assessed as yet. Incidentally, a small number of cancers and precancerous states of organs other than the endometrium have also been diagnosed. PMID- 6793221 TI - Effects of ethyl ester derivatives of valproic acid metabolites on pentylenetetrazol seizures in mice. AB - The anticonvulsant activity of the ethyl esters of the major valproic acid metabolites was assessed against minimal pentylenetetrazol seizures in adult male ICR mice. The ethyl ester 3-hydroxy-propylpentanoic acid was found to possess significant anticonvulsant activity. PMID- 6793220 TI - The effect of PCO2 on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. AB - Lung areas with a low V/Q ratio cause hypoxaemia. The low alveolar oxygen concentration may cause local hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) which reduces perfusion, raises the V/Q ratio, and hence reduces the tendency to a low PaO2. By changing PCO2, the HPV response can be altered. We examined this relationship in anaesthetized dogs by using a tracheal divider to separate hypoxic (nitrogen ventilated) from oxygenated (100 per cent oxygen ventilated) lung. Relative perfusion was assessed from total 133Xe exhaled from each lung area after intravenous infusions. When PaCO2 was changed by changing ventilation, we found that an increasing PaCO2 increased HPV and also PaO2. At a PaCO2 of 3.3 kPa, HPV was abolished and PaO2 fell. We also changed PaCO2 by altering PICO2 to one or both lung areas while ventilation remained constant throughout the experiment. Again as PaCO2 increased, HPV and PaCO2 increased. When PaCO2 fell and end tidal carbon dioxide in the hypoxic lung (PETCO2) remained elevated by maintaining PICO2 in the hypoxic lung and removing CO2 from the oxygenated lung) HPV was maintained. Thus it is the alveolar concentration of CO2 in the hypoxic lung which is important in modifying HPV. We conclude that in this model a low PETCO2 (3.3 kPa) in hypoxic lung will reduce HPV, and will result in more severe hypoxaemia. This may have relevance in both anaesthetized and intensive care unit patients when a higher PaO2 may be obtained by increasing hypoxic lung PETCO2. The effect of PETCO2 on PaO2 will be influenced by other variables, but when hypoventilated or hypoxic exist, increasing PETCO2 may reinforce hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and thus may increase PaO2. PMID- 6793222 TI - Feeding jejunostomy under local anesthesia. AB - A feeding jejunostomy may be performed with ease and safety under local anesthesia. The authors describe their technique. The tube is easy to maintain and replace and avoids some of the problems of feeding gastrostomies. In patients with major nutritional problems and a functioning intestinal tract the need for parenteral nutrition may be eliminated. PMID- 6793223 TI - Neurologic signs and hypophosphatemia with total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6793224 TI - One-day VATH (vinblastine, Adriamycin, thiotepa, and Halotestin) therapy for advanced breast cancer refractory to chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-nine postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer refractory to conventional combination chemotherapy underwent treatment with a combination of vinblastine, Adriamycin, thiotepa, and Halotestin given once every 21 days. Thirteen patients (45%) responded with a greater than 50% regression of measurable tumor. Responses occurred in nine of 12 patients (75%) with visceral dominant disease and were recognized in four of 15 (27%) with osseous dominant disease (another 5 improved for a total improvement of 60%). The median duration of response was 11 months. The median survival times were 16 months for responders and eight months for those with progressive disease. Response rate was not affected by age, number of years after menopause, number of metastatic sites involved, or number of systemic treatment modalities previously used, but may have been adversely affected by late stage at original diagnosis, short time from diagnosis, poor response to primary chemotherapy, and dose modification. This combination of drugs is a convenient, tolerable, and effective regimen for treating breast cancer refractory to primary chemotherapy regimens currently in use. PMID- 6793225 TI - Central and peripheral myelinopathy associated with systemic neoplasia and chemotherapy. AB - Three adult patients with leukemia and a patient with cutaneous melanoma were treated with a variety of therapeutic agents administered systemically. Three of these patients received either cytosine arabinoside or thio-TEPA, by intrathecal injection and radiotherapy to the cranium or spine. Three patients developed progressive motor and sensory deficits and the fourth became confused and disoriented. These symptoms were chronologically related to the time when chemotherapy was begun. Death occurred 11/2, 2, 5 and 7 months, respectively, after the beginning of neurologic deficit. The spinal white matter showed vacuolation, myelin disintegration, axonal swelling, fibrillary gliosis, and infiltration by macrophages. Vesicular disintegration of the myelin lamellae seems to be the earliest lesion affecting both central and peripheral myelin. Gliosis and macrophages were visible only in the two patients who survived at least five months from the time of the neurologic deficit. PMID- 6793226 TI - The management of squamous cell carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes in the clinical absence of a primary lesion by combined surgery and irradiation. AB - Sixty-three patients who had either previously treated primary tumors or unknown primary tumors and developed metastatic cervical adenopathy in their previously untreated necks received the combination of surgery and megavoltage irradiation. Within two years, 12 patients died of intercurrent disease, nine patients died with distant metastases only, and five patients had disease recur at a primary site. The remaining 37 patients were evaluable for control of neck disease; 26 patients had previous treatment to a primary head and neck cancer that was under control at the time cervical adenopathy was treated; and 11 patients had an unknown primary tumor that was believed to be in the head and neck area. The combination of pre- or postoperative irradiation and surgery controlled neck disease in 86% of the evaluable patients. Because of the extent of neck disease, these patients would have been at a high risk of failure in the treated area if only a single modality of treatment were used. Analysis of the data shows an association of extranodal connective tissue involvement with both a decreased rate of control within the treated area and distant metastases. PMID- 6793229 TI - Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion as a biochemical marker in patients with bladder carcinoma. AB - Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion was examined in 25 individuals with bladder cancer in comparison to glycosaminoglycan excretion by eight normal individuals. Urinary glycosaminoglycan was isolated by gel filtration and quantified as macromolecular uronate concentration. Electrophoresis in calcium acetate and densitometry of Alcian blue-stained electrophoretograms were used to separate and quantify the relative amounts of individual glycosaminoglycans. Elevated excretion of macromolecular uronate was noted in 53% of the cancer cases. The highest levels were found among individuals with metastatic disease. Three electrophoretic bands were always detected in the control and cancer groups: chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate (both confirmed by chemical and enzymatic degradation), and a third band (Band 1) of unknown composition. A fourth band, corresponding to dermatan sulfate, was seen in some high-grade metastatic tumors. Band 1 excretion was elevated in a significant fraction of all patients. Seven of 12 metastatic cases but only two of 13 localized cases showed increased heparan sulfate excretion. Diagnostic limits were drawn from the observed distributions of normals, and with these limits 92% of the cancer cases, including 12 of 12 metastatic cases, could be identified. The results strongly suggest noninvasive urinary glycosaminoglycan analysis may well provide a new biochemical approach for detecting and monitoring the pathogeneses of bladder cancer. PMID- 6793227 TI - Primary mediastinal seminoma. AB - Primary mediastinal seminoma is a rare germ cell neoplasm histologically identical to testicular seminoma. Thirteen patients have been treated with definitive megavoltage radiotherapy at the Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Radiation Therapy, between 1961 and 1976. Doses ranged from 2500 rads over five weeks to 6000 rads over seven weeks. Actuarial survival at ten years is 69% with relapse-free survival of 54%. No patient receiving greater than 4700 rads to the primary lesion had local or systemic relapse. Patterns of relapse and recommendations for diagnostic evaluation are discussed. Primary megavoltage irradiation to the mediastinum and neck with a dose of 4500 to 5000 rads over five to six weeks is appropriate treatment. PMID- 6793228 TI - Comparison of direct harvest and cultures for karyotyping EDTA anticoagulated marrow. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether EDTA was a satisfactory anticoagulant for tissue specimens for cytogenetic analysis and to investigate a modification of a currently used culture technique for obtaining metaphases. The latter involved to prolonged exposure to very low-dose colcemid and was successful in qualitative or quantitative enhancement, or both, of the temperature yield over that obtained from direct harvest in 53% of the patients studied. EDTA is a suitable anticoagulant for cytogenetic studies of specimens from either direct harvest or short-term culture if the specimen is either processed within 24 hr after collection or diluted 1:1 with Eagles minimal essential media, supplemented with fetal bovine serum and refrigerated until processed. Success has been obtained with specimens stored up to 144 hr. PMID- 6793230 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on cell surface charge and cell survival in mastocytoma cells. AB - Changes in the structure of the surface of mastocytoma cells were induced by hyperthermia and were investigated by means of cell electrophoresis. A decrease in the cell electrophoretic mobility was detected as early as 15 min after treatment at 42 degrees and progressed more rapidly under hypoxic conditions than under oxic conditions. Subsequent recovery of electrophoretic mobility at 37 degrees was dependent on the length of heat treatment and oxygenation. The surviving fraction of cells detected by their colony-forming ability and the fraction of electrophoretically recovered cells 24 hr after exposure to hyperthermia showed a good statistical correlation. It was suggested that the mechanism of electrophoretic mobility reduction by heating was the vertical translocation of hyaluronidase-sensitive charge from the peripheral layer into a deeper layer by combined use of specific enzymes and stepwise different ionic strengths. These results suggest the importance of irreparable changes of membrane conformation in the loss of colony-forming ability of heated tumor cells. PMID- 6793231 TI - [Two observations of an anti-Pr antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793232 TI - [Crystepin CH. A multi-centre trial of an antihypertensive drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793233 TI - Antibody-enhanced phagocytosis of lamprey polymorphonuclear leucocytes against sheep erythrocytes. AB - Centrifugation on Ficoll-Paque of the blood from the Arctic lamprey, Lampetra japonica, yielded a uniform population of leucocytes containing about 90% polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). The PMNs showed a significantly enhanced phagocytic activity in vitro against sheep erythrocytes (ES), provided they were opsonized with the specific lamprey antibody (AL) against ES. This enhanced phagocytosis by PMN was more active at 4 degrees C than 15 degrees C, being dependent on Ca++; the opsonic activity of lamprey antibody was not replaced by bullfrog antibody. By the use of electron microscopy, it was found that the PMNs possess a well developed Golgi complex and rough ER, as well as highly variable cytoplasmic granules. Observations by both SEM and TEm revealed the formation of prominent pseudopodia, lamellipodia and phagosomes by the PMN during the process of engulfing erythrocytes. PMID- 6793234 TI - The organization and expression of histone gene families. PMID- 6793235 TI - Cascades of Sigma factors. PMID- 6793236 TI - Kinetochore structure and its role in chromosome orientation during the first meiotic division in male D. melanogaster. AB - An electron microscopic investigation of kinetochore structure during the first meiotic division in male Drosophila melanogaster is presented. The data suggest that the structure that is responsible for initial microtubule attachment and chromosome orientation is a single, bilaminar hemisphere on each half-bivalent. Following the initial attachment this structure undergoes morphogenesis to a double-disc structure that reflects the underlying duality of sister chromatids in the half-bivalent. Thus these data support Darlington's idea that sister chromatids disjoin to the same spindle pole because they share a single kinetochore. Additionally, these data suggest that the meiotic mutations ord and mel-S332 sometimes cause premature "doubling" of the kinetochore region though, as discussed, possibly for a trivial reason. PMID- 6793237 TI - Isolation of calcium-dependent platelet proteins that interact with actin. AB - Low Ca2+ extracts of platelets rapidly form an actin gel when warmed to 25 degrees C. The addition of Ca2+ has three effects. At Ca/EGTA = 0.4, the gel begins to contract. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration increases the rate of contraction and reduces the amount of actomyosin gel. Between Ca/EGTA = 0.4 and 0.5, a protease is activated that selectively degrades polypeptides with molecular weight greater than the myosin heavy chain. At Ca/EGTA = 1, about 70% of the total actin is nonsedimentable. Addition of excess EGTA produces the rapid formation of an actomyosin gel, which is not readily solubilized by re-addition of calcium. Using DNAase l-Sepharose chromatography, we have isolated a protein fraction whose binding to actin is Ca2+ -dependent. This fraction contains a major polypeptide with a molecular weight of 90,000. This fraction increases the rate of development of high sheer viscosity, but lowers the final value if Ca2+ is present. This decrease in viscosity is due to the generation of shorter filaments. In the presence of Ca2+, this protein(s) selectively blocks the addition of actin monomers to the barbed end of glutaraldehyde-fixed S1-decorated actin fragments and will nucleate assembly of filaments. We speculate that this protein(s) may serve as a Ca2+ -dependent nucleation site in situ. PMID- 6793238 TI - Activation of the major drosophila heat-shock genes in vitro. AB - Inactive Drosophila heat-shock genes of isolated diploid nuclei can be induced to a transcriptionally active state by exposure to cytoplasmic extracts from heat shocked Drosophila cells. No effect was observed on histone gene transcription, and extracts from non-heat-shocked cells were ineffective. The factor in the cytoplasmic extract has been partially purified and characterized. It is protease sensitive and heat-labile. A striking change accompanies in vitro activation that permits transcription by E. coli RNA polymerase of the chromatin 5' -distal to the structural genes at the 87A and 87C heat-shock gene loci; we have previously observed a similar change after in vivo heat-shock induction. That this change occurred in the absence of endogenous RNA polymerase II activity suggests that these changes may reflect the earliest event in gene activation. Inasmuch as activation also took place after histone H1 depletion, this histone does not appear to be essential for this step of gene activation. PMID- 6793239 TI - The energized membrane and cellular autolysis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Lysis of exponential cultures of B. subtilis follows the addition of reagents that dissipate either the electrical or pH gradients of cellular membranes. Stationary-phase cells or cultures that have been inhibited in division by macromolecular-synthesis inhibitors also lyse when uncoupling agents or ionophores are added to the growth medium. Autolysis occurs after brief starvation for a carbon source. Protoplasts are unaffected by azide or other lysis-inducing agents. Electron-donating agents, such as phenazine methosulfate and ascorbate, are effective in retarding autolysis. The addition of an oxidizable carbon source to starved and lysing cultures prevents their autolysis. These results suggest that cellular lysis in B. subtilis and energized membrane are tightly coupled. The fluorescence intensity and the wavelength of maximal fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid, when added to bacterial suspensions, appear to be qualitatively related to the rate of cell lysis. Analyses show that ATP limitations are probably not involved in the elicitation of lysis by ionophores, uncoupling agents or starvation. Measurements of protonmotive forces in the lysis-prone cells suggest that a threshold force of more than 85 mV may be required to maintain cellular integrity. Lipoteichoic acids, polyelectrolytes such as dextran sulfate or phospholipids do not modify the rate of cellular lysis when added to suspensions containing azide or other reagents that eliminate transmembrane protonmotive forces. We interpret the results to suggest that the in vivo control of autolysin activity in B. subtilis is related to the energized membrane PMID- 6793241 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against syngeneic tumors. PMID- 6793242 TI - A link between helper and suppressor factors and the lymphokines migration inhibition factor and migration stimulation factor. PMID- 6793240 TI - Growth-rate-dependent regulation of ribosome synthesis in E. coli: expression of the lacZ and galK genes fused to ribosomal promoters. AB - Hybrid transducing phages were constructed in vitro that carry the galK gene fused to each of three ribosomal promoters: the promotor for an rRNA operon (rrnE); the promoter for the spec r protein operon and the promotor for the alpha r protein operon. We also constructed hybrid transducing phages that carry the IacZ gene fused to the promoter for the rrnE operon or to the promoter for the spc r protein operon. The amounts of galactokinase (or beta-galactosidase) were analyzed in lysogens carrying these various transducing phages grown in several different growth media. The synthesis rate of galactokinase (or beta galactosidase) from the fused rrn-gal (or rrn-lac) operon relative to the total protein synthesis rate increased with increasing growth rate, as expected from the transcriptional activity of rRNA operons. In contrast, the relative synthesis rate of galactokinase (or beta-galactosidase) from the operon fused to alpha or spc r protein promoter remained approximately constant with increasing growth rate. These results were interpreted to mean that the characteristic increase in the relative synthesis rate of r protein with increasing growth rate is determined not by transcription regulatory mechanisms, but by posttranscriptional mechanisms, which presumably involve the feedback inhibition of r protein mRNA translation by free r proteins. PMID- 6793243 TI - Selective killing of transformed cells in combination with inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis and S-phase specific drugs. PMID- 6793244 TI - [The relationship between the blood-groups ABO and Rho (D) factor and the frequency of malignant liver metastases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793245 TI - [Treatment of diffuse peritonitis by Noxyflex lavages (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793246 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of Rh isoimmunizations during gravidity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793247 TI - [Effect of synthetic thyrotropin releasing hormone in children and adolescents with thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6793248 TI - Inhibition of dihydrofolate synthetase from Neisseria gonorrhoeae by dihydropteroate and dihydrofolate derivatives. PMID- 6793249 TI - The effect of an individual's blood pressure on the percentage of total 7,12 dimethylbenz[a] anthracene metabolites that bind covalently to DNA in cultured resting lymphocytes. AB - A method for the quantitative analysis of the percent metabolism that results in covalent binding of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) to DNA in viable resting human lymphocytes is described. The inter- and intra-experimental reproducibility as judged by the coefficient of variation and examined in the same individual over a 3-month period was 31.4% and 13.9%, respectively. When the lymphocytes from 30 hypertensive individuals were exposed to 1 microM DMBA for 18 h, the percent of total DMBA metabolites that bind DNA covalently was correlated to the blood pressures of the patients at the time of sampling (r = 0.53, P less than 0.005). No influences on the data from the type or duration of hypertensive drug treatment could be statistically determined for this sample of hypertensive patients. It was concluded that high blood pressure is a strong determinant in predisposing lymphocytes to increased genetic risk from induced DNA damage and that this relationship is not statistically affected by hypertensive drug therapy. PMID- 6793250 TI - Acute dieldrin toxicity: effect on the uptake of glucose and leucine and on brush border enzymes in monkey intestine. AB - Administration of a single oral dose of dieldrin (20 mg/kg body wt.) to rhesus monkeys considerably elevated the uptake of glucose and the activities of brush border sucrase, lactase, maltase and alkaline phosphatase in intestine compared to control animals. Leucine uptake and leucine amino peptidase activity was significantly depressed in pesticide-treated animals. Kinetic studies with brush border sucrase revealed that augmentation of enzyme activity in pesticide-fed animals was due to an increase in the disaccharidase content. PMID- 6793251 TI - The major adducts of cis and trans benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxides cause chain termination during DNA synthesis in vitro. AB - We have studied DNA synthesis in vitro using as template phi X174 DNA containing varying numbers of adducts formed by reaction with cis and trans benzo[a]pyrene (BP) diol-epoxides. The extent of DNA synthesis decreases with increasing numbers of adducts and there is a concomitant decrease in the size of the DNA products. Both decreases can be accounted for quantitatively by the assumption that synthesis terminates at every BP adduct. Since the majority of the adducts are located at the 2-amino group of guanine, we deduce that these adducts cause termination. The role of adducts at other sites is uncertain. The cis and trans BP diol-epoxides are indistinguishable with regard to chain termination, yet in vivo these isomers behave differently. These results suggest that chain determination alone is insufficient to account for the mutagenic effects of BP diol-epoxides. PMID- 6793252 TI - Inhibition of rat liver aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in vitro after acute and chronic aflatoxin B1 administration in vivo. AB - In a cell-free system the influence of acute aflatoxin B1 administration on the fractions of the hepatic microsomal translation complex of female rats was examined and compared with the influence of chronic aflatoxin B1 treatment. Polypeptide synthesis determined by [14C]leucine incorporation with the postmitochondrial supernatant was inhibited by 80% 24 h after acute aflatoxin B1 administration whereas inhibition was only 17% in animals 30 weeks after chronic treatment. After acute aflatoxin B1 administration inhibition of protein synthesis was by 67%, mainly on the polysomal level, whereas inhibition with the pH 5 enzyme was only by 22%. After chronic aflatoxin B1 administration inhibition was by 18%, mainly with the pH 5 enzyme and by only 6% on the polysomes. The inhibition by pH 5 enzyme was further investigated with regard to aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, components of pH 5 enzyme. Leucine-specific aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis was inhibited by 20% 24 h after acute and by 12% 30 weeks after chronic aflatoxin B1 treatment. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities in a crude synthetase preparation tested with 5 amino acids were found to be noncompetitively inhibited. It is concluded that the inhibition of protein synthesis after acute and chronic aflatoxin B1 administration is in part due to decreased aminoacyl tRNA levels caused by inhibited aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 6793253 TI - Demonstration and partial characterization of a 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene-binding protein in rat adrenal. AB - Rat adrenal cytosol was found to contain a 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA) binding protein which is characterized by a pI of 7.2, a Kd-value of 3 microM and a maximal capacity of about 47 pmol/mg protein. The binding is highly specific for DMBA and is not displaced by 3-methylcholanthrene (MC), benz[a]pyrene (BP) or other polycyclic hydrocarbons. Likewise, various androgens, estrogens or glucocorticoids have no effect on the DMBA binding. It is proposed that the DMBA binding protein may have a role in the toxic effects of DMBA or DMBA metabolites in adrenal and possibly in other DMBA-sensitive organs as well. PMID- 6793254 TI - Effect of ethoxyquin on the toxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline and on hepatic drug metabolism in mice. PMID- 6793255 TI - [Sensitivity study for sulfamides and antibiotics of 260 strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated in Upper Volta]. AB - 260 strains of Neisseria meningitidis, collected on throat swabs performed systematically on healthy carriers, were tested for antibiotics and sulfonamides sensitivity. The M. I. C. for sulfonamides and antibiotics of each strain has been determined with the agar dilution technic. To study the sensitivity to sulfonamides 5% hemolysed horse blood has been added to the Mueller-Hinton medium. To study the sensitivity to antibiotics, 5% sheep blood has been added to Mueller-Hinton. Results may be so resumed:--Sulfadiazine: 80% of the strains are sensitive to 1 mcg/ml, 98% to 64 mcg/ml. --Chloramphenicol: 91% of the strains sensitive to 1 mcg/ml. --Penicillin and ampicillin: nearly 90% of the strains sensitive to 0.015 mcg/ml. --Cephalothin: 95% of the strains sensitive to 0.125 mcg/ml. --Tetracyclines: 88% of the strains sensitive to 0 5 mcg/ml. - Spiramycin: 98% of the strains sensitive to 4 mcg/ml. With each type of Meningococcus, distribution of the M. I. C. for each antibiotic has been studied. It appears that Meningococcus remains very sensitive to antibiotics. For sulfonamides sensitivity, this study doesn't show as frequent a resistance as some suggested. May be this is because of the technic of sulfamidogram using growing media containing inhibitors. PMID- 6793256 TI - Phase II study of hexamethylmelamine for disseminated prostatic carcinoma. AB - Hexamethylmelamine (NSC-13875) was given to 15 patients with disseminated prostatic cancer in a daily x 21 schedule at 6-week intervals. The schedule was 320 mg/m2/day in four divided doses for good-risk patients and 240 mg/m2/day for poor-risk patients. No response was observed in 14 evaluable patients, but seven patients had stable disease. Limiting toxicity was nausea and vomiting which developed in 80% of the patients and it was the reason for discontinuation of therapy in one patient. Hematologic toxicity was acceptable, and occurred in 80% of the patients. Leukopenia was more frequent than thrombocytopenia, occurring in 80% and 20%, respectively. All patients had been previously treated with hormones, but 6/15 were never exposed to cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 6793257 TI - Alkaline sucrose sedimentation analysis as an indicator of repair capability of xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts for 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide damage. AB - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) damage to DNA and its repair in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblast stains were followed by sedimentation in an alkaline sucrose gradient. Two forms of analysis were employed. In the brief lysis technique, the cells were exposed to alkali for 30 min before centrifuging. In the long lysis technique, the cells were exposed to alkali overnight before centrifuging. The fibroblast cultures were derived from 6 normal individuals, 2 XP variants, 2 from complementation group C and 1 each from complementation groups A, B and E. by means of the brief lysis technique all of the fibroblasts were found to repair the 4NQO induced damage. By means of the long lysis technique the fibroblasts from normal individuals, from XP variants and from XP group E were found to repair the 4NQO induced damage. The fibroblasts from groups A, B and C showed no repair of the lesion. This latter result, on the repair capability of 4NQO damaged XP cells, correlates with the repair capability of XP cells shown by other methods. It suggest that if sedimentation analysis in alkaline sucrose is to be used to demonstrate the induction of chemically induced damage to DNA and its repair, both brief and long lysis periods should be employed. PMID- 6793258 TI - Inhibition of DMBA carcinogenesis of hamster buccal pouch by phenanthrene and dimethylnaphthalene. AB - Phenanthrene (Phe) and to a lesser degree 1,4-dimethylnaphthalene (DMeN) were each found to retard the development of epidermoid carcinomas in hamster buccal pouch induced by the thrice weekly application of a 0.5 per cent solution of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in heavy mineral oil. PMID- 6793259 TI - Somatic eye mutation in Drosophila melanogaster as a short-term test for mutagens and carcinogens. AB - Six mutagenic and/or carcinogenic agents were tested for their ability to cause somatic eye mutation (red sectors on a yellow eye) in Drosophila melanogaster. Results were analysed by the chi-squared method and by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample (non-parametric) test. Methyl methanesulphonate, cyclophosphamide, acriflavine and procarbazine were active, whereas acetamide and tetracycline failed to elicit a significant response. Thus, relative to other mutagenicity assays, this somatic system seemed to possess no special ability to correctly identify carcinogens because both acriflavine and acetamide were misidentified on a carcinogenicity basis. However, it could be a suitable alternative to the recessive lethal test for mutation, because of its technical simplicity and rapidity, subject to an increase in the size of the data base. PMID- 6793260 TI - Aphidicolin: an inhibitor of DNA repair in human fibroblasts. AB - Aphidicolin is a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. Its influence of DNA repair has been studied in both normal and excision deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells exposed to u.v. irradiation at 254 nm. Single strand DNA breaks accumulated in u.v. irradiated normal cells when the inhibitor was present. Such breaks were absent in both unirradiated normal cells and in u.v. irradiated excision efficient cells incubated with the compound. The data therefore indicate that aphidicolin prevents the rejoining of single strand breaks formed during the excision repair process and imply that DNA polymerase alpha is involved in the repair of DNA in human cells. PMID- 6793261 TI - Liver tumours following streptozotocin administration in rats and the effects of pancreatic islet cell transplantation. AB - The effects of a single injection of streptozotocin, at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight, have been studied in female inbred WAG rats. The resultant diabetes in the streptozotocin treated animals was treated in one group of animals by an intraportal pancreatic islet cell transplantation whilst another group received no transplant or insulin treatment. The incidence of tumours were determined at autopsy in animals sacrificed at regular intervals. Tumours, apart from one renal adenocarcinoma, were seen only in the liver and only in streptozotocin treated animals. Liver nodules and cysts were most common in animals which had received both streptozotocin and an islet cell transplant. PMID- 6793263 TI - Estimation, prevention, and quality control of carbon dioxide loss during aerobic sample processing. AB - We find that 2 to 6 mmol of carbon dioxide per liter (mean: 4.1 mmol/L) is lost during routine laboratory processing of patients' serum samples after centrifugation. Additional CO2 may be lost if evacuated blood-collection tubes are not filled completely during phlebotomy. More than 2 mmol of CO2 per liter is lost from samples stored in tightly stoppered tubes for 120 min if the tubes are less than half full. In extreme cases, 8 mmol of CO2 per liter may be lost from samples exposed to room air in open cups of automated micro-sample instruments. Clinically significant CO2 loss (greater than 2 mmol/L) before analysis is not detected by many laboratories because the generally accepted quality-control programs monitor only the very last step of the analytical process. A valid CO2 quality-control program should include samples with high as well as the generally used low pCO2 values. Alkalinization of serum and plasma samples with tert butylamine prevents CO2 loss. Optimum tert-butylamine concentration, pH, and pCO2 were about 14 to 16 mmol/L, 9.0 to 9.3, and 0.4 to 1.5 mmHg (about 50 to 200 Pa). PMID- 6793262 TI - Psychosocial problems in Hunter's syndrome. AB - During a national study of Hunter's syndrome, visits were made to 33 sets of parents who had had a total of 44 affected sons, 27 with the severe, and 17 with the mild, form of the disease. Information about the behavioural pattern in a further 22 boys was obtained from hospital records. Serious behavioural disturbance was reported in 36 of the 38 severely affected boys, in contrast to those mildly affected, who were generally well behaved but often had serious psychological problems. The effects upon the parents of these boys are discussed. A plea is made that all possible long-term support should be offered both to the families and to the boys themselves. PMID- 6793264 TI - Effect of feedback to clinical staff of information on clinical biochemistry requesting patterns. AB - Attempting to reduce the number of unnecessary tests requested, we initiated a program providing continuous feedback to clinicians concerning their requesting patterns of clinical biochemistry laboratory tests. At four-week intervals each medical specialist received data showing the number and costs of tests requested by all members of his team, the number of patients who had tests, and various related information. Comparative summaries, in frequency-histogram format, of the number of specimens submitted and the costs involved allowed each medical specialist to rate his own performance against that of his peers. The program appeared to have no effect on laboratory use, although reliable information concerning workload patterns was accrued. The degree of education of medical students in clinical biochemistry did not appear to influence the use they made of the laboratory after qualification. The specimens per bed-day ratio is suggested as a useful parameter in the identification of inappropriate laboratory use and as a standard parameter for comparing laboratory use in different hospitals. PMID- 6793265 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for thyroxine and triiodothyronine in human serum, with use of a covalent chromatographic separation method. AB - A practicable enzyme immunoassay for measurement of thyroxine and triiodothyronine in serum was developed, involving a separation method based on the thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. Serum samples at alkaline pH were incubated for 1 h with antibodies and antigens labeled with beta-D-galactosidase. Each reaction mixture was then passed through a 0.1-mL column containing (anti IgG) antibody immobilized on Sepharose 4B, to which the anti-IgG antibodies were coupled by means of a disulfide bond (3 g of IgG fraction per liter). The column was washed and the bound form of the label then was eluted from the column with a buffer containing dithiothreitol (25 mmol/L) by splitting the disulfide bonds between the anti-IgG antibody molecules and Sepharose matrix. From the enzyme activity in the eluate, concentrations of thyroxine or triiodothyronine in serum could be determined. Values obtained by this method and those obtained by a radioimmunoassay correlated well (thyroxine, r = 0.97, slope = 1.1 y-intercept = 0.94 microgram/L, n = 70; triiodothyronine, r = 0.98, slope = 0.91, y-intercept = 0.067 microgram/L, n = 77. PMID- 6793266 TI - Total-calcium measurement in serum from neonates: limitations of current methods. AB - In the routine analysis for calcium in serum from neonates we noted large discrepancies in icteric samples analyzed by several different methods. The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate the magnitude of the problem of bilirubin interference in calcium analysis and to assess the specific applicability of commonly used micro-methods in the pediatric or neonatal laboratory. The intention is not to advocate any single methodology but rather to point out inadequacies that must be considered. Colorimetric and fluorometric methods correlated poorly with an atomic absorption spectroscopic method for samples from pediatric patients. In addition, we noted significant interference proportional to the concentration of bilirubin. A fluorescence titration method was shown to be unacceptable for pediatric use because of the variable and unpredictable response to bilirubin interference. The study emphasizes the need for thorough invesigation of methods before they are put to use in the specialized pediatric setting. PMID- 6793268 TI - Gas chromatography of valproic acid, with benzyl alcohol as internal standard. PMID- 6793267 TI - Factitious hypophosphatemia related to mannitol therapy. AB - We observed factitious hypophosphatemia in a patient who was receiving large amounts of intravenous mannitol. Mannitol concentrations as low as 25 mmol/L inhibited phosphorus measurement by the Dupont aca endpoint method; a kinetic method was unaffected. The mechanism of the mannitol interference was binding to molybdate in the reaction, decreasing both the rate of color development and the endpoint measurement. We conclude that the molybdate concentration in the DuPont method is suboptimal for measuring phosphorus in specimens containing mannitol. PMID- 6793269 TI - Optimum use of 8-hydroxyquinoline in plasma calcium determinations. PMID- 6793270 TI - Enzyme immunoassay and gas-liquid chromatography compared for determination of valproic acid in serum. PMID- 6793271 TI - Rapid immunoturbidimetric assay of albumin and immunoglobulin G in serum and cerebrospinal fluid with an automatic discrete analyser. AB - A method is presented to determine albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with an automatic discrete analyser. Concentrations of albumin and IgG in serum and CSF are compared with values obtained by radial immunodiffusion (RID). Ratios of albumin in CSF over albumin in serum and the so called IgG index are calculated. Ratios obtained with the discrete analyser and with the RID are compared and discussed with respect to clinical diagnosis. PMID- 6793272 TI - The use of duplicates to study the effect of EDTA on the storage stability of creatine kinase. PMID- 6793273 TI - Metabolic effects of total parenteral nutrition with or without fructose, with special reference to the liver adenine nucleotide content. PMID- 6793274 TI - General guidelines in the management of cardiac disease. PMID- 6793275 TI - The fallacy of the postpill amenorrhea syndrome. AB - In conclusion, although there are changes in the hypothalamic pituitary axis in terms of release of FSH and LH resulting in anovulation in women on oral contraceptives, the evidence to date does not support a cause and effect phenomenon. On the basis of both epidemiologic as well as biochemical studies, the etiology of secondary amenorrhea is diverse. This serves only to indicate that amenorrhea is a symptom, not a diagnosis. It appears at the present time that amenorrhea following the use of oral contraceptives should indicate only the preceding temporal use of exogenous steroids without implication as to a cause of the amenorrhea. Investigation should be aimed at determining the underlying cause of the amenorrhea. PMID- 6793278 TI - The small intestine: mechanisms of local immunity and gluten sensitivity. PMID- 6793277 TI - Methods to assess breathlessness in healthy subjects: a critical evaluation and application to analyse the acute effects of diazepam and promethazine on breathlessness induced by exercise or by exposure to raised levels of carbon dioxide. AB - 1. Methods were devised and evaluated for inducing breathlessness by submaximal graded exercise in healthy subjects while objective measurements of cardiorespiratory function were made. Breathlessness was assessed with serial visual analogue scales (VAS), but with various measures to enhance repeatability. 2. A high level of reproducibility was obtained in spite of the subjective nature of the assessment. Individual responses were described by the relationship between breathlessness and ventilation. The sensitivity of the method was demonstrated by the use of inspiratory resistances which disturbed this relationship and caused greater breathlessness for a given level of ventilation. 3. These methods were applied to six healthy subjects to analyse the effects of acute doses of diazepam and promethazine on breathlessness induced by graded exercise or by rebreathing carbon dioxide in a double-blind study. 4. During exercise, diazepam and promethazine did not reduce breathlessness, although there was a minor trend with promethazine. During exposure to elevated levels of carbon dioxide, diazepam and promethazine had no effect on breathlessness. Diazepam and promethazine produced similar levels of sedation, but neither drug had significant effects on the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. These preliminary findings contrast with those reported for chronic diazepam in 'pink puffers'. 5. Raised levels of carbon dioxide caused greater breathlessness in relation to ventilation than did exercise. PMID- 6793276 TI - Systemic antibiotics and gentamicin-containing bone cement in the prophylaxis of postoperative infections in total hip arthroplasty. AB - In a prospective controlled multicenter study, the prophylactic effect of gentamicin-containing bone cement on postoperative infections in total hip arthroplasties was compared with that of systemically given antibiotics; 812 arthroplasties were randomly assigned to an antibiotic and 821 to a gentamicin cement group. When the patients had been followed for a period of one to two years, 13 deep infections were diagnosed in the antibiotic group and three in the gentamicin-cement group. The difference was statistically significant. PMID- 6793279 TI - Chemosensitivity in patients with diabetic neuropathy. AB - 1. By using the rebreathing method, ventilatory responses to inhaled CO2 were studied in patients with diabetic neuropathy. 2 Their general respiratory functions including vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV 1.0) were within normal ranges and ventilatory responses to CO2 in the range 5.32 -5.99 kPa were not significantly different between patients and normal subjects. However, ventilation in the patients was significantly less than that in normal subjects when the alveolar partial pressure of CO2 (PACO2) was above 6.65 kPa. 3. The slope of the CO2 response curves obtained during hyperoxic rebreathing was significantly less in the patients than in the normal subjects. In the patients CO2 response curves with 15% (v/v) O2 were either the same or had lower slopes than those measured with 100% O2. 4. The results suggest that both peripheral and central chemosensitivity, including the activity of the respiratory centre, are reduced in patients with diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6793280 TI - Effects of thyroparathyroidectomy, phosphate depletion and diphosphonate therapy on acute uraemic extra-osseous calcification in the rat. AB - 1. The effects of acute uraemia on arterial and visceral calcium concentrations were studied in acutely uraemic rats. The influences of thyroparathyroidectomy, phosphate depletion and diphosphonate therapy on extra-osseous calcium concentrations were assessed in this model. 2. Aortic and visceral calcium concentrations were greater in acutely uraemic rats than in non-uraemic rats. Both prior thyroparathyroidectomy and prior phosphate-depletion resulted in lower aortic and visceral calcium concentrations in non-uraemic rats and prevented the increase in aortic and visceral calcium concentrations with acute uraemia. Diphosphonate given for 5 days before and for 2 days after the induction of acute uraemia resulted in lower tissue calcium concentrations than in non-diphosphonate treated acutely uraemic rats. In contrast, diphosphonate given only immediately before or only after induction of acute uraemia did not prevent the increase in extra-osseous calcium concentrations with acute uraemia. 3. It is concluded that acute uraemia results in an increase in arterial and visceral calcium concentrations. Both thyroparathyroidectomy and phosphate depletion are effective in preventing the increase in extra-osseous calcium concentrations in acute uraemia. Diphosphonates may have a future role in preventing such calcification. PMID- 6793281 TI - [Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the most commonly used disinfectants on multiresistant nosocomial bacterial strains]. PMID- 6793284 TI - Primary alveolar hypoventilation. PMID- 6793283 TI - [Modern concepts concerning therapy of amebiasis]. PMID- 6793282 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies of the mechanism of neuroendocrine action of cerebral phospholipids: the behavior of prolactin as a marker of such action]. PMID- 6793285 TI - Chemical breathing controls: slow, intermediate and fast. PMID- 6793286 TI - Psychophysiologic aspects of respiratory control. AB - By fashion we have been taught that causes of medical and surgical diseases are known; yet in reality very little was understood about disease until recently, and we still operate in a scientific twilight. We have worked with myths inventing scientific explanations to cover our lack of knowledge about the causative factors in illness, and we have traditionally examined physiologic organ systems from a fragmented perspective. The psychological variables of behavior and emotion have not been considered as directly related to physiological functioning. Consequently, by convention, certain disease entities have been defined and categorized by behavior and feelings. Persons function as a psychobiologic unit. A complex interplay between persons and their environment determines their state of health. Identification and appropriate application of the physiologic and psychological components have been disassociated to such an extent that the systematic relationship of behavioral and physical patterns of functioning are not recognized. Nevertheless, with increasing awareness of respiratory psychobiologic adaptive influences, the chemical and mechanical control system is better understood. The existence of secondary breathing disorders, in pulmonary disease, are not isolated to a physiologic genesis. With the advent of new instruments (i.e., Coping Scale and Schedule of Recent Experience) to measure and quantify adaptive factors, wide swings of activation can be more readily stabilized. PMID- 6793287 TI - Control of fetal and neonatal breathing and its disturbances. PMID- 6793289 TI - Respiratory disturbances during sleep. PMID- 6793288 TI - Evaluation of respiratory control. PMID- 6793290 TI - Respiratory control in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. PMID- 6793291 TI - Respiratory control in diffuse interstitial lung disease and diseases of the pulmonary vasculature. PMID- 6793292 TI - Nutrition, fatness, puberty, and fertility. PMID- 6793293 TI - Preoperative nutritional assessment. PMID- 6793294 TI - [Production of dialysable leukocytes extracts in cattle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793295 TI - Serologic response to Brucella abortus of cattle and guinea pigs experimentally inoculated with a Yersinia enterocolitica serotype from milk. PMID- 6793296 TI - Serological reactivity of duck sera to three electrophoretically characterized extracts of Aspergillus. PMID- 6793297 TI - Effects of Clostridium difficile, Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus sp. on anomalous lower bowel function on germfree mice. PMID- 6793298 TI - A randomized study of metabolic effects of four low-estrogen oral contraceptives: I. Results after 6 cycles. AB - Healthy, non-smoking, normotensive, well-motivated young women were assigned at random to one of four different, commercial, low-estrogen, oral contraceptive products. Measurements of biochemical parameters were made on blood specimens collected from fasting subjects twice during the late pretreatment cycle, then again during each late treatment cycle for six months. All women assigned to one product (0.5mg NET + 35 microgram EE) dropped out of the study before the end of the fifth cycle, but discontinuations with the other three products were few. While numbers of subjects are small, the groups are closely matched and most metabolic differences are statistically significant. Products containing EDA and NET were associated with increases in serum total cholesterol and triglycerides, but decreases in HDL-cholesterol. In contrast, the LNG-containing preparation produced significantly less effect on these tests. A similar pattern was seen with a range of blood coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, Minimal alterations were seen with the LNG preparation, while those containing NET or EDA showed marked increases in factors I. VII, VIII, X and plasminogen, associated with a decrease in antithrombin III. It is suggested that differences in the metabolic impact of the various commercially available low-estrogen preparations, combined with effects on intermenstrual bleeding, allow a choice of the progestogen component most suitable for general use. PMID- 6793299 TI - Intracervical release of levonorgestrel for contraception. AB - Twenty-one women used a levonorgestrel-releasing intracervical contraceptive device, which was designed to release 20 microgram/ay. The devices were inserted after cessation of menstrual bleeding. Patterns of bleeding and clinical performance wer evaluated and plasma concentrations of levonorgestrel, estradiol and progesterone in selected subjects were measured by radioimmunoassay. The results of the initial 90-day treatment are presented. Levonorgestrel was detected in peripheral plasma by 30 minutes after insertion of the device. Considerable variation of plasma levonorgestrel concentrations was observed between subjects, but within each subject, the plasma level of levonorgestrel was very stable with time. Of 24 cycles monitored by blood sampling, 19 were ovulatory. One subject did not ovulate at all. During the first 30-day period of treatment, frequent intermenstrual bleeding or spotting periods occurred. Two spontaneous expulsions occurred 9 and 22 days after insertion. Both of these subjects were nulligravidas. Side-effects were few and no pregnancies occurred during the study period. PMID- 6793300 TI - Effect of steroid hormones on the metabolism of human spermatozoa. AB - Information relating to the effect of steroids on the metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa is limited despite the increasing interest in the use of these hormones for the purpose of contraception. In the present study it was shown that progesterone, testosterone, and 11-beta-OH-progesterone significantly inhibit the CO2 production of human spermatozoa. Estrone was ineffective. Progesterone and testosterone, but not estrone, also significantly depressed O2 uptake. In contrast to CO2 production and O2 uptake, lactic acid production was not significantly affected by any of the steroids studied. The inability of estrone to inhibit sperm metabolism was not due to its lower solubility relative to the other steroids tested. The data indicate that the effective steroids inhibit sperm respiration, but not the sperm glycolytic pathway. PMID- 6793301 TI - Effect of food restriction (undernutrition) on pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel in rabbits. AB - Twelve female rabbits aged about 3-4 months were randomly divided into two groups (group A and group B) and were individually matched for their initial body weights. Animals of group A received a stock diet ad libitum while each of the animals in group B were fed 50% of the diet consumed by the corresponding matched control from group A. Pharmacokinetics of levonorgestrel were determined in all animals between 1 1/2-2 months after these diets were started, using an intravenous dose of 8-20 /uCi of 3H-levonorgestrel and 15-20 /ug of levonorgestrel per kg body weight. Urinary excretion of radioactivity was also measured in all the animals for a period of 5 days following the dose. The body weights of animals on the restricted diet were 17% lower than those of the ad lib fed animals. Haemoglobin levels and plasma albumin concentration were found to be in the normal range in both groups. There was a significant increase in Metabolic Clearance Rate (MCR) and t 1/2 pi and a decrease in elimination half-life in animals of group B as compared to those seen in animals of group A. The urinary excretion of label was found to be slightly increased in group B animals as compared to that in group A controls. PMID- 6793302 TI - Effect of food restriction (undernutrition) on plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) capacity, liver drug metabolizing enzymes and uterine cytosol progesterone receptor levels in rabbits. AB - The present investigation was designed to understand the mechanism underlying the altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of norethindrone and levonorgestrel observed in undernourished rabbits. Eighteen albino rabbits aged 3 4 months were divided into two groups. One group received a stock diet ad libitum and the other group was individually fed half the food consumed by the matched animal in ad lib group. Three pairs of animals were sacrificed at the end of three months and the remaining at the end of five months. Liver and uterine tissues were dissected out and processed for analysis. For both sets of animals, whether killed at the end of three months or 5 months, the trend of results obtained were similar. The capacity and affinity characteristics of plasma sex hormone binding globulin were found to be not significantly different between control and experimental animals. The specific activities of liver microsomal glucuronyl transferase and cytochrome P-450 were significantly higher in undernourished rabbits. The increase observed in the activity of sulfuryl transferase was, however, not statistically significant. Uterine cytosol progesterone receptor levels were found to be higher in food restricted animals though there were no changes in the affinity properties of the receptors. Thus, it appears that imposition of food restriction leads to increased drug metabolism as a result of increased drug metabolizing enzyme activities and that the animals appear to adapt by enhanced target organ response in terms of elevated receptor concentration. PMID- 6793303 TI - Abortion during mid-pregnancy by rivanol-catheter supplemented with PGF2 alpha drip-infusion or quinine hydrocholoride. AB - Abortion during mid-pregnancy was performed in 200 patients by extra-amniotic insertion of Nelaton catheters and instillation of 0.1% rivanol solution. To shorten the abortion time, quinine hydrochloride was given orally in one group (n=100), and intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was undertaken in the other group (n=100). The abortion rate after 72 hours was higher in the PGF2 alpha group (96%) than that in the quinine group (91%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The abortion time was significantly shorter in the PGF2 alpha group than in the quinine group (p less than 0.01). This method, together with supplementary treatment with oxytocic substances, proved to be an effective mid-pregnancy abortion method. The risks of endometritis, gastro-intestinal complications, and/or heavy bleeding either during or post-abortive were minimal. PMID- 6793305 TI - Studies on mechanisms of proteinuria using amino-acid-induced inhibition of tubular reabsorption in normal and diabetic man. PMID- 6793304 TI - Correlation of plasma gonadotrophins and ovarian steroids pattern with symptomatic changes in cervical mucus during the menstrual cycle in normal cycling women. AB - 27 healthy young Italian women were studied to evaluate their ability to identify symptomatically the potentially fertile phase of the menstrual cycle by self observation of their cervical mucus pattern as described in the Ovulation Method Billings. The women's observations were correlated with daily plasma levels of FSH, LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. Ovulation was considered to occur on the day following the LH peak. The hormonal assays revealed that 2 of the 34 cycles studied were anovulatory. 24 of the 27 subjects in the study group demonstrated their ability to recognize the onset of the mucus discharge and the peak symptom from the first cycle after teaching, another two from the second cycle. The only other subject contributed an anovulatory cycle in which the hormonal assay confirmed the accuracy of her mucus observations. In the study, the mean interval between the time of ovulation as assessed and the peak symptom recorded by the subjects was 0.0 days, with a range from -2 to +1 days. The mean time interval from the first recorded symptom to the estimated day of ovulation was 6.0 days, with a range from 3 to 10 days. The study shows that young Italian women can be taught to recognize their cervical mucus pattern as described in the Ovulation Method Billings. The accuracy of their observations is demonstrated by the hormonal assays. The study also confirms the conclusion reached in earlier similar studies that there is a direct correlation between the cervical mucus symptom and the potentially fertile phase of the cycle. Research is currently being conducted on a larger number of couples employing the Ovulation Method Billings to actually regulate their fertility. PMID- 6793307 TI - Transcutaneous O2 and CO2 monitoring of the adult and neonate. PMID- 6793306 TI - Metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6793308 TI - Physiological and clinical significance of PtcO2 and PtcCO2 measurements. PMID- 6793309 TI - Cutaneous blood gas monitoring in the adult. PMID- 6793310 TI - Interference of anesthetic gases at skin surface sensors for oxygen and carbon dioxide. AB - Several variables may account for the response of electrochemical skin surface PO2 sensors to anesthetic gases: cathode material and size, pH of the electrolyte and membrane material. These variables cannot be chosen arbitrarily and their influence has been tested with two types of sensors. In one type (LSC), a large size cathode (mm range) and a membrane with low permeability for oxygen such as mono-axially oriented polyethylene is used. The other type (MC) contains one or more microcathodes (micron range) and a membrane which is highly permeable for oxygen such as Teflon PTFE. With the LSC sensor, the N2O interference current is smaller than 5% of the air current when the sensor is polarized at --600 mV. The interference current with 2% halothane is smaller than 3% of the air current. With the MC sensor, the N2O interference may be up to 40% of the current in air when the sensor is polarized at --800 mV. The magnitude of this interference depends considerably on the silver deposition on the platinum cathode. At --600 mV the N2O interference is negligible. However, at this polarization voltage, the sensor is not operated within the limiting current plateau of oxygen. The interference current with 2% halothane may be up to 30% of the current in air. With both types of sensors there was no measurable interference by 2% enflurane. The authors conclude that to reduce the interference of anesthetic gases at skin surface sensors for oxygen to a reasonable level, it is necessary to use a membrane with low permeability for oxygen and a polarization voltage of approximately --600 mV. These two conditions can be fulfilled optimally only with a sensor design in which a large size cathode is used. At Stowe-Severinghaus type skin surface sensors for PCO2, there is no measurable interference by N2O, halothane or enflurane. PMID- 6793311 TI - Cutaneous blood flow and its relationship to transcutaneous O2/CO2 measurements. PMID- 6793312 TI - Simultaneous tissue pH and transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in critically ill neonates. AB - Clinical usefulness and factors affecting transcutaneous CO2 (PtcCO2) monitoring were studied in 22 critically ill neonates. In 10 of 22 infants, both tissue pH (pHt) and PtcCO2 were monitored simultaneously using Roche pHt and CO2 electrodes. Arterial blood gases were obtained from umbilical artery catheter. The effect of variations in blood pressure, oxygenation, arterial pH (pHa) pHt, and medications on PtcCO2 were studied. There was a linear correlation between pHt and pHa (n = 108, r = 0.85, slope 1.08), PtcCo2 and PaCO2 (n = 188, r = 0.85, slope 1.49). The pHt changes correlated better with PtcCO2 than with arterial CO2 (r = 0.78, slope 1.35). The major factors affecting the PtcCO2 relationship were (a) hypoxia and (b) acidosis. When PaO2 less than 40 torr, PtcCO2 correlated poorly to PaCO2 (n = 23, r = 0.48, slope 0.72) whereas, during normoxia (PaO2 greater than 40 torr), it correlated well, r = 0.85, slope 1.51 similarly. When pHt was greater than 7.30, PtcCO2 correlated better with PaCO2 (r = 0.88, slope 1.37) than during tissue acidosis (r = 0.71, slope 1.51). Mean blood pressure down to 30 mm Hg and administration of dopamine and tolazoline did not affect the PtcCO2 to PaCO2 relationship (n = 69, r = 0.86, slope 1.6). Clinically, both continuous pHt and PtcCO2 were found to be very useful in the management of critically ill neonates. PMID- 6793313 TI - Continuous transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in the fetus during labor. PMID- 6793314 TI - Transcutaneous PCO2 monitoring on adult patients in the ICU and the operating room. AB - Studies were performed on 44 patients who were monitored continuously with transcutaneous carbon dioxide (PtcCO2) sensors. The patients were monitored intermittently with arterial and mixed venous blood gases and full hemodynamic and oxygen transport data. Twenty of the studies were performed intraoperatively. A total of 411 data sets revealed a correlation coefficient, r, between arterial and transcutaneous PCO2 of 0.80 when the patients were not in low flow shock, i.e., cardiac index (CI) greater than 1.5 L/min x M2. On the basis of these data, the authors have found the normal arterial-transcutaneous carbon dioxide gradient, delta CO2, (delta CO2 = PtcCO2 -- PaCO2) to be 23 +/- 11 torr. The PtcCO2 monitor was found to be a valuable trend monitor of arterial CO2 tensions of adults during adequate cardiac function in the ICU and the operating room. Twenty-four data sets were collected while 3 patients were monitored during severe shock (CI less than 1.5 L/min x M2). PtcCO2 trended inversely with changes in CI during shock and did not follow PaCO2 (r = --0.85). During shock, delta CO2 = 61 %/- 25 torr. The severity of shock could be roughly determined by comparing the PtcCO2 values with arterial CO2 tensions. PMID- 6793315 TI - Transcutaneous measurements of carbon dioxide partial pressure in sick neonates. AB - The authors measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide transcutaneously (PtcCO2) in 15 sick newborns and compared the PtcCO2 to simultaneously measured partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The PtcCO2 values reflected changes in the PaCO2 values. A linear regression on 106 paired PtcCO2 and PaCO2 values produced a correlation coefficient of 4 = 0.91 with a slope of 1.89 and a y-intercept of --9.4. The authors found the measurement of PtcCO2 to be a clinically useful method of continuously following the trend of PaCO2. PMID- 6793316 TI - Transcutaneous carbon dioxide monitoring in the newborn period. AB - One hundred ninety-one simultaneous PtcCO2 and PaCO2 values were recorded from 20 neonates using a heated CO2 sensor. Gestational age and birth weight ranged from 30--44 weeks and 1.22--3.4 kg, respectively. An overestimation of PaCO2 was consistently found. Regression analysis revealed a slope of 1.29, an intercept of 18 mm Hg and a correlation coefficient of 0.85 (p less than 0.001). The PtcCO2 sensor has multiple potential uses in the sick neonate but further experience is necessary to provide adequate correction factors. PMID- 6793317 TI - Prospects of computed tomography in radiation therapy. AB - Computerized tomography has become an essential element in the staging of tumors and in the localization of the tumor and neighboring normal tissues for treatment planning. It offers the potential for more accurate delivery of higher doses with improved therapeutic ratio, for the identification of and correction for tissue inhomogeneities, and for three-dimensional treatment planning. For treatment planning purposes only minor changes are required in the current generation of scanners. Possibilities for the future include dynamic radiation treatment, combined CT scanners, simulators, and treatment planning computers, and a potential for significant cost saving through improvements in the results of cancer therapy. PMID- 6793319 TI - Basic and applied research in the study of indazole carboxylic acids. PMID- 6793320 TI - A new method for determination of anti-double strand DNA antibodies: Trypanosoma equiperdum immunofluorescent method. PMID- 6793321 TI - Studies on endemic goiter and endemic cretinism in Guizhou: observations on iodine metabolism and pituitary thyroid axis functional status. PMID- 6793318 TI - Effects of Lonidamine (AF 1890) and its analogues on follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and rat androgen binding protein concentrations in the rat and rhesus monkey. PMID- 6793322 TI - Present situation of filariasis in China. PMID- 6793323 TI - Changes in heart rate and electrocardiogram during taijiquan exercise: analysis by telemetry in 100 subjects. PMID- 6793324 TI - The contribution of traditional Chinese medicine to rehabilitation medicine. PMID- 6793325 TI - Case of hereditary (4;5) translocation discovered prenatally. PMID- 6793326 TI - Traditional Chinese medicine in pneumonia of children. PMID- 6793327 TI - Determination of estrogen receptor in human colon cancer tissue with labeled fluorescence estradiol (fluorescein isothiocyanate). PMID- 6793328 TI - Orthoplasty for bile duct stricture at the liver hilum: a preliminary report of 5 cases. PMID- 6793329 TI - Initial results of in vitro studies of clavulanic acid synergism. PMID- 6793330 TI - Nanjing psychiatric survey. PMID- 6793331 TI - Release of alkaline phosphatase from cells of Xanthomonas oryzae by manipulation of surface permeability. AB - Xanthomonas oryzae was shown to contain a constitutive alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.). The enzyme was detectable in intact cells and releasable by osmotic shock or spheroplast formation indicating its periplasmic location in the cell. Sonication released about 85% of the total enzyme, and the releasable amount was increased to 97% when lysozyme was added to the sonicated cells prior to centrifugation. These changes suggest an association of the enzyme with peptidoglycan; the enzyme is not released unless the polymer is digested to small units. Adapted usual method of spheroplast formation released 85%, while modified osmotic shock procedure released about 75% of the enzyme. These procedures released decreased amounts of the enzyme following cell growth reflecting that some changes were taking place toward a tighter association between the enzyme and the cell envelope during aging of the culture. During osmotic shock, the major portion of the released enzyme distributed in supernatant of the first stage (S1) hypertonic solution. The enzyme was inhibited by EDTA, whereas the inhibition was partially removed by dialysis and completely reversed by addition of MgCl2. Data obtained also indicated that X. oryzae seems to have relatively high content of periplasmic protein. PMID- 6793332 TI - [Biochemical and morphological changes in the femur head in femoral neck fractures after radiotherapy and in old age]. PMID- 6793333 TI - [Biliodigestive anastomoses: report on 132 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793334 TI - Unaltered maximum reflex vasodilatory capacity of the perfused hindquarters of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Hindquarter reflex vasodilation (RVD delta mmHg decrease in perfusion pressure) in response to arterial pressure elevations by intravenous norepinephrine (NE) was examined in young (2 1/2-3 months) and mature (8-10 months) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) normotensive rats to ascertain whether maximum reflex vasodilatory capacity is altered in the developmental and/or established stages of spontaneous hypertension. The maximal RVD was not significantly different in young or mature SHR (young 26.2 +/- 1.9 and mature 36.2 +/- 3.2) compared to age-matched WKY controls (young 23.9 +/- 1.8 and mature 29.6 +/- 2.3) (P greater than 0.05 between SHR vs. WKY at both ages). However, the rise in mean systemic arterial pressure by NE which produced maximal RVD was greater in mature SHR (116.0 +/- 7.4 mmHg) than in WKY controls (78.3 +/- 6.2 mmHg) (P less than 0.01), whereas no such differences were found between young SHR (85.1 +/- 6.5 mmHg) and its WKY controls (87.5 +/- 2.3 mmHg). There was no difference in the dose of NE that required maximal responses of reflex vasodilation in young or mature SHR compared to WKY controls. In each age group of SHR or WKY rats, RVD was linearly related to the arterial pressure increments. The slope (a +/- SEM) of the regression line for the correlation between the pressure rises and resultant RVD was similar in young SHR (a = 0.424 +/- 0.061) and WKY controls of (a = 0.458 +/- 0.013). In contrast, the slope of the regression line for these two parameters in mature SHR (a = 0.250 +/- 0.004) was significantly smaller than that of either WKY controls (a = 0.364 +/- 0.010) or young SHR (P less than 0.01). The direct hindquarter vasodilation of mature SHR in response to intra-arterial administration of histamine or nitroglycerin was not different compared to that of WKY controls. The results indicate an unaltered maximum hindquarter reflex vasodilatory capacity during the developmental and established stages of genetic hypertension in SHR. An additional finding in the present study was the abnormal responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex vasodilator system of mature SHR to a wide range of arterial pressure elevations. This abnormal responsiveness may contribute to the maintenance of high blood pressure in the established stage of hypertension. PMID- 6793335 TI - Failure of gastric inhibitory polypeptide to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in vagotomized human subjects. AB - Five vagotomized male subjects were given graded doses of pentagastrin without and with a background infusion of 2 microgram/kg/hr of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP). An insulin infusion test (0.1 units/kg/hr) showed that the vagotomies were complete. GIP infusion failed to inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated acid and pepsin secretion even though plasma GIP concentration reached a plateau much higher than that measured after ingestion of a meal. We conclude that GIP does not inhibit pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in vagotomized human subjects. PMID- 6793336 TI - Identification of bacterial glycosidases in rat cecal contents. AB - Cecal contents of conventional and germfree rats were examined for glycosidases which may have a role in degrading glycoprotein oligosaccharides. Utilizing p nitrophenylglycosides as substrates, we identified glycosidases in bacteria-free supernatants from cecal contents which act on beta-linkages. These cecal glycosidases appear to be of bacterial origin since: (1) direct comparisons of the enzymes in similar contents from germfree rats showed negligible activities; (2) most of the glycosidase levels in bacterial extracts were at least as high as those of soluble supernatants; and (3) disk gel electrophoresis of contents and bacterial extracts revealed in both preparations a beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase band with similar Rfs. Also, the blood group B antigenicity of germfree cecal glycoproteins was greatly decreased by conventional cecal contents. These findings indicate that beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase in cecal contents are bacterial in origin, and they may have a role in the bacterial catabolism of intestinal glycoproteins. PMID- 6793337 TI - Behaviour of IOP and pupil size after topical tranylcypromine in the rabbit eye. AB - Repeated topical administration of tranylcypromine (TCP) to adult rabbit eyes causes a transient rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) for one half hour and a dilatation of the pupil for more than two hours. These effects are blocked by phenoxybenzamin but not by timolol. Indomethacin blocks the rise in pressure but not the pupillary dilatation. Chemical denervation blocks both effects. The rise in IOP is not followed by a hypotensive phase. It is suggested that TCP has a dual effect on the eye. Firstly, TCP as a releaser of endogenous nor-epinephrine (nE) and as a monoamine oxydase inhibitor will induce accumulation of nE at the receptor-side which in turn probably stimulates the synthesis of PGs to raise IOP. Secondly, TCP as a prostacyclin synthase inhibitor may be responsible for the absence of a hypotensive response. This is strengthened by the finding that TCP inhibits the hypotensive response to nE but potentiates the dilatation of the pupil. PMID- 6793338 TI - [Reticulocyte lipoxygenase activation by rabbit plasma lipoproteins]. PMID- 6793339 TI - [X-ray structural studies of pepsin binding of phenylalanyldiiodotyrosine at 3 A resolution]. PMID- 6793340 TI - [Role of the localization of ionophore A-23187 action on plasma membranes in altering epithelial permeability for water]. PMID- 6793341 TI - Quality assurance and clinical pharmacy: lessons from medicine. AB - A quarter-century of empirical work in measuring the quality of medical care has both documented serious inadequacies in care and advanced the state of the art of quality assessment. Experience with quality assurance programs at institutional, local, and national levels emphasizes that early, careful attention must be given to: specifying the purposes of a study or program, choosing the dimensions of care to be evaluated, understanding the reliability and validity of data sources and methods, and compiling appropriate evaluative criteria before projects are implemented. Superimposed on these concern are cost/benefit and cost/quality tradeoff issues. To the degree that the pharmacy profession has dealt with such conceptual and methodologic problems, it has much to offer the medical profession. To the degree that clinical pharmacy has not yet encountered them, lessons drawn from the medical experience may be helpful in implementing evaluation efforts in the future. PMID- 6793342 TI - Sodium valproate reassessed. PMID- 6793343 TI - [Chronic gastritis--disease or morphological finding? Physiopathological aspects of digestion]. PMID- 6793344 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: common antigens on adult worm teguments and cercariae detected by immunodiffusion. PMID- 6793345 TI - Progesterone inhibits the ability of estradiol to increase basal and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-induced luteinizing hormone release from bovine pituitary cells in culture: neither progesterone nor estradiol affects follicle stimulating hormone release. PMID- 6793346 TI - Inhibition of gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated luteinizing hormone release by pimozide: evidence for a site of action after calcium mobilization. AB - In the present work, we show that pimozide is a noncompetitive antagonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated LH release from pituitary cell cultures. For several other neurotropic agents, the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of LH release in response to GnRH correlates well with the ability to inhibit enzyme activation by calmodulin in vitro. Pimozide does not alter the affinity or amount of releasing hormone binding by the GnRH receptor. The additional observation that pimozide inhibits Ca2+ ionophore (A23187 and ionomycin)-stimulated LH release suggests that the locus of pimozide action is after Ca2+ mobilization. Pimozide is known to bind and inactivate the Ca2+ calmodulin complex, and as Ca2+ is a second messenger for GnRH, it is possible that calmodulin is the target of pimozide in this system. PMID- 6793347 TI - Developmental changes in the hormonal regulation of rat testis Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase. AB - The stimulatory effects of FSH on Sertoli cell functions such as cAMP accumulation, protein kinase activation, and RNA and protein synthesis wane during testis maturation. However, FSH receptors increase with age and addition of cAMP stimulates these biochemical events in Sertoli cells from animals of any age. In order to determine if this loss of responsiveness to FSH was due to an inability to stimulate adenylyl cyclase, the hormonal responsiveness of this enzyme was investigated as a function of testicular development. In agreement with intact cell studies, adenylyl cyclase activity was found to be stimulated by FSH 2- to 3-fold in homogenates of testes from immature (5-20 days of age) Sertoli cell-enriched rats, while no stimulation of the enzyme by FSH was observed in similar homogenates from Sertoli cell-enriched animals 20 days of age or older. The possibility of a decrease in enzyme sensitivity to the gonadotropin as a function of maturation ws ruled out by dose-response studies. Catalytic activity of the enzyme was retained with increasing animal age as evidenced by the ability of fluoride (10 mM) to stimulate basal activity 4-fold. Hormonal responsiveness of the Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase of mature animals could be restored, however, either by addition of the nonmetabolizable guanosine 5' triphosphate analog, 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate to homogenates or by preparation of membrane particles. We found that 5'-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate selectively potentiated FSH effects on cyclase in testicular homogenates from mature animals while having no effect on the relative degree of hormone stimulation in homogenates from immature animals, and that in contrast to homogenates, testicular membrane preparations retain their FSH responsiveness upon animal maturation. PMID- 6793348 TI - On the site of action of progesterone in the blockade of the estradiol-induced gonadotropin discharge in the rhesus monkey. AB - The site of action of progesterone (P) in the blockade of estradiol-induced gonadotropin discharges was examined in rhesus monkeys bearing hypothalamic lesions which abolish endogenous GnRH production. Normal ovulatory menstrual cycles were re-established in these animals by the pulsatile, hourly administration of GnRH. In the follicular phase of these induced menstrual cycles, P-containing Silastic capsules were implanted sc yielding luteal phase plasma P concentrations which normally block estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges. P failed to block estradiol-induced surges in lesioned animals on GnRH replacement. In such animals, however, P advanced the initiation of these surges. While estradiol acts on the pituitary to cause gonadotropin discharges, P appears to block this effect by acting on the central nervous system. On the other hand, the results also suggest that the site of facilitatory action of P on gonadotropin release is at the level of the pituitary gland. PMID- 6793349 TI - Evidence that granulosa cell aromatase induction/activation by follicle stimulating hormone is an androgen receptor-regulated process in-vitro. AB - The role of androgen in aromatase induction/activation by follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied in cultured granulosa cells from estrogen-pretreated, immature rat ovaries. Aromatase activity was measured in washed cell monolayers after a 48-h culture in medium containing hFSH and/or various sex steroids or their analogues. Culture with hFSH (100 ng/ml) plus 10(-7) M testosterone (T) stimulated aromatase activity to a level similar to that of granulosa cells from preovulatory follicles in the cyclic adult on the morning of proestrus. But if T was omitted, or replaced by estrogen (DES) or progesterone (P), the response to hFSH was at least 90% lower. The abilities of T, androstenedione, five nonaromatizable 5 alpha-reduced androgens, an aromatase reaction intermediate (19 hydroxyandrostenedione), and a pharmacological competitive aromatase inhibitor (delta 1-testoloalactone) to stimulate the aromatase response to hFSH were proportionate to their stimulatory effects on P production during the culture. By both criteria T was the most potent androgen while 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and delta 1-testololactone were completely inactive. The stimulatory effect of 10(-7) M T on the aromatase response to FSH was inhibited by the nonsteroidal antiandrogen SCH 16423 (ID50 = 3.6 x 10(-6) M). These results indicate that granulosa cell aromatase induction/activation by hFSH is an androgen receptor regulated process in vitro. PMID- 6793350 TI - [Different hypogonadism mechanism in men and women suffering from Cushing's disease]. PMID- 6793351 TI - [Use of paper discs in radioimmunoassays]. PMID- 6793352 TI - Focal epileptic EEG discharges in children not suffering from clinical epilepsy: etiology, clinical significance, and management. AB - Epileptic discharges in the EEG record may be found in children not suffering from convulsive seizures. Such discharges often consist of spiking in the rolandic and midtemporal areas (labelled centrotemporal spikes) and less often in the occipital region. They may be multifocal. These focal discharges seem to be age-dependent, tending to disappear during the teenage years. Children displaying such discharges are discovered either through large-scale EEG studies of asymptomatic children or among those who are referred for EEG because of various nonrelated complaints such as headaches, bed-wetting, syncope, behaviour problems, and learning difficulties. Many of them are labelled as suffering from "masked epilepsy" and are considered as epileptics. One hundred such cases are reviewed, and the clinical and EEG data are analysed. Three illustrative case reports are presented, and the literature is critically reviewed. It is maintained that these children are not to be considered as epileptic and should not be treated with anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6793354 TI - Extreme somatosensory evoked potential (ESEP): an EEG sign forecasting the possible occurrence of seizures in children. AB - In a population of 15,000 children it was found that tactile stimulation, mainly tapping on the soles or heels of the feet, could elicit high-voltage evoked potentials in the EEGs of 1% of them. A longitudinal study of 16 of these patients showed a stereotyped electroclinical evolution. At first, only extreme somatosensory evoked potential (ESEPs) were observed in nonepileptic children with normal EEG records (first period). Then, after a variable delay, spontaneous EEG abnormalities appeared, first only during sleep, and then also during wakefulness, usually as spikes involving the same parietal and midline regions where the ESEPs were evident (second and third periods). Seizures then began (fourth period) within 5 months to 2 years after the appearance of the interictal focal abnormalities. Such seizures were rare, but in some cases they were grouped in bouts that amounted to status epilepticus. The seizures were usually of the partial motor type, with adversion of the head, but infrequently they assumed the tonic-clonic type; they occurred mainly during the daytime. The fits were short lived, however, and after a year had mostly disappeared, while the ESEPs and spontaneous interictal focal abnormalities sometime persisted for several year before disappearing, too. The subjects were otherwise neurologically and psychologically normal throughout the observation and follow-up period. PMID- 6793353 TI - Convulsant-specific architecture of the postictal behavior syndrome in the rat. AB - The postictal immobility syndrome was examined in five experimental grand mal epilepsy models in an attempt to analyze separately the behavioral and underlying neurochemical aspects of the rigid-catatonic and flaccid-cataleptic states. Catalepsy and analgesia were found in varying degrees after maximal electroshock (MES), metrazol, picrotoxin, and Ro 5-3663 activated seizures. Signs of rigidity were noticed after the MES and picrotoxin seizures. Kindled seizures were followed by explosive behavior without signs of rigidity, catalepsy, and analgesia. Naloxone reduced the duration but not the score (intensity) of catalepsy and failed to selectively antagonize analgesia. The relative representation of the tonic stage of convulsions seemed to be the major determinant of the development of catatonic-cataleptic symptomatology. It is suggested that more than a single neurotransmitter system is involved in the postictal immobility syndrome and each epilepsy model has its unique neurochemical profile. PMID- 6793355 TI - Metal mutagens and carcinogens effectively displace acridine orange from DNA as measured by fluorescence polarization. AB - Several metals are known mutagens and carcinogens. These metals effectively displace acridine orange from DNA when measured by fluorescence polarization. Displacement of 50% of the acridine orange is obtained with less than 0.5 mM concentrations of lead, manganese, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, nickel, iron, copper, and cis-platinum. In contrast, greater than 80 mM concentrations of lithium, sodium, and potassium are required to displace an equivalent amount of acridine orange from calf thymus DNA. Although cis-platinum shows the best DNA reactivity in this assay, the interaction between this metal and DNA does not occur immediately, as it does for the other metals tested. These results indicate the acridine orange displacement assay provides a relative measure of the interaction of metals with DNA, and this DNA reactivity shows a positive correlation with mutagenic/carcinogenic potential. PMID- 6793358 TI - Fast stages of photoelectric processes in biological membranes. III. Bacterial photosynthetic redox system. AB - Chromatophores of photosynthetic bacteria Rhodospirillum rubrum, Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides and Chromatium minutissimum were associated with a collodion film impregnated with a decane solution of asolectin. A very short light flash inducing a single turnover of the chromatophore photosynthetic redox system was found to induce the formation of an electrical potential difference amounting to 60 mV, directed across the film as measured with an orthodox electrometer technique. The main phase of the photoelectric response had a tau value of less than 200 ns. Addition of menadione and some other redox mediators increases the main phase amplitude and induces a slower phase (tau = 200 microseconds). In Ch. minutissimum chromatophores that retained their endogenous cytochrome c pool, one more electrogenic phase was revealed (tau = 20 microseconds). Redox titrations of the electric response and bacteriochlorophyll absorption at 430 nm as well as measurements of the kinetics of cytochrome c oxidation have indicated that the fastest electrogenic phase is due to electron transfer from bacteriochlorophyll to Fe-ubiquinone, the 20-microseconds phase to cytochrome c2+ - bacteriochlorophyll+ oxidoreduction, and the 200-microseconds phase to Fe ubiquinone- oxidation by a secondary quinone. In the decay of the photoelectric response, a 30-ms phase was identified which was explained by a reverse electron transfer from reduced Fe-ubiquinone to oxidated bacteriochlorophyll. The difference in the fast kinetics of photoelectric generation by the bacteriochlorophyll system from those by bacterial and animal rhodopsins has been discussed. PMID- 6793356 TI - Radiosterilization of rat liver microsome containing postmitochondrial supernatant for mutation assays. AB - Gamma-irradiation was effectively employed to sterilize rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant (PMS), which is required for the metabolic activation of soots and soot-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to mutagens. When a known number of Bacillus subtilis spores were added to the PMS and gamma-irradiated at -80 degrees C, a 2-Mrad dose resulted in a 7.5 log kill of the spores. A dose of 3 Mrads was selected as a sufficient effective sterilizing dose and had no significant effect upon the ability of gamma irradiated PMS to metabolically activate diesel soot and two diesel soot components, benzo(a)pyrene and fluoranthene to mutagens in a Salmonella typhimurium 8-azaguanine resistance forward mutation assay. Three Mrads of gamma irradiation also had no effect upon the ability of PMS to activate benzo[a]pyrene to a mutagen for the human lymphoblasts. However, gamma-irradiation did reduce the ability of PMS to activate dimethylnitrosamine to a mutagen for S typhimurium. PMID- 6793357 TI - Immunological relatedness of subunits of RNA polymerase II from insects and mammals. AB - A procedure is described which allows rapid purification of RNA polymerase II from either embryos of Drosophila melanogaster or larvae of Chironomus thummi. The polypeptide compositions of the enzymes were compared in denaturing gels. Antisera were raised against the native enzymes and were tested for binding activity to separated subunits of each enzyme. Sheep antibodies to Drosophila RNA polymerase were found to react with most polypeptides of the insect RNA polymerases but only with the high-molecular weight subunits of calf thymus RNA polymerase II. These were also found to cross-react with a monoclonal antibody directed against the large subunits of the Drosophila enzyme. An antiserum to Chironomus RNA polymerase II reacted with the three largest subunits of this enzyme and subunits 0, 1 and 2 of Drosophila RNA polymerase II. The purified IgG fractions of the polyspecific antisera inhibited the activity in vitro of the insect RNA polymerases to different degrees. PMID- 6793359 TI - Purification, properties and assembly of the neck-appendage protein of the Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29. AB - The purification of the neck appendage protein of phi 29, p12*, which is involved in the adsorption of the phage to Bacillus subtilis, is described. The purified native protein is in a dimeric form and can be assembled, in vitro, onto purified 12- particles that lack the neck appendages, suggesting that the incorporation of p12* to the rest of the phage structure is a self-assembly process. The assembly of protein p12* in vitro follows cooperative kinetics and it occurs with an efficiency of about 4%. PMID- 6793360 TI - Immunochemical evidence for phytochrome regulation of the specific activity of ascorbate oxidase in mustard seedlings. AB - A monospecific antiserum to a Cucurbita ascorbate oxidase was shown to cross react with the mustard enzyme. Purified antiserum was used in rocket immunoelectrophoresis plates to measure the amount of ascorbate oxidase protein in mustard cotyledon and hypocotyl extracts. On transfer from darkness to far-red light and activity of the enzyme in expanding cotyledons increased but the amount of enzyme protein remained the same. Unimbibed mustard seeds were shown to contain the same amount of antigenic protein as expanding cotyledons although in the seeds the enzyme was inactive. In hypocotyls continuous far-red light treatment also led to an increase in ascorbate oxidase activity; in this case there was also an increase in enzyme protein although this was relatively small. The results are discussed in relation to the mechanism by which phytochrome may control the activity of this enzyme. PMID- 6793361 TI - The effects of haem on translational control of protein synthesis in cell-free extracts from fed and lysine-derived Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. AB - 1. Addition of haem to cell-free extracts from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells stimulates protein synthesis only in extracts from cells previously incubated in nutritionally complete conditions. Extracts from amino-acid-deprived cells do not respond to haem. The stimulation of protein synthesis in fed cell extracts is due to increased initiation on endogenous mRNA mediated by an increase in the levels of 40-S-subunit X Met-tRNA initiation complexes. Extracts from starved cells exhibit a defect in 40-S initiation complex formation which cannot be overcome by haem. 2. Experiments to test for the presence of an inhibitor of initiation in Ehrlich cell extracts by monitoring effects on translation in haem-supplemented reticulocyte lysates have revealed that extracts from both fed and starved cells contain one or more inhibitory activities which shut off protein synthesis, dissagregate polysomes and reduce the level of 40-S initiation complexes in the lysate. Extracts from starved cells are more inhibitory for protein synthesis than those from fed cells. 3. Initiation factor eIF-2 is phosphorylated by an endogenous Ehrlich cell protein kinase in vitro, but this occurs to the same extent in extracts from fed and starved cells. 4. We propose a possible model for the role of eIF-2 in the control of protein synthesis by amino acid supply in Ehrlich cells. PMID- 6793362 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of the lipoprotein families A and A-I from high-density lipoproteins of human serum. AB - Procedures for the isolation of two lipoprotein fractions from plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL), characterized by apolipoprotein A-I and apolipoprotein A-I together with apolipoprotein A-II, have been elaborated. Apolipoprotein A-I was identified as the protein moiety of one of these fractions (lipoprotein A-I) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (at basic and acidic pH, as well as in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate), immuno-double diffusion, and amino acid analysis. Apolipoproteins A-I and A-II were identified as the protein moiety of the other fraction (lipoprotein A) with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (basic and acidic pH) and immuno-double-diffusion. Lipoprotein A-I consisted of spherical particles with a diameter similar to that of HDL as judged from negative strains in the transmission electron microscope. The diameter was estimated to be 8.7 nm from gel chromatography. Lipoprotein A-I migrated in the HDL position on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. On iso-electric focusing lipoprotein A-I appeared as multiple bands in the pH range 5.05-5.55. Lipoprotein A-I had the density of an HDL-2 fraction (rho: 1.063-1.105). Lipoprotein A consisted of spherical particles with a diameter similar to that of HDL, as judged from negative strains in the transmission electron microscope. The diameter was estimated to be 7.9 nm from gel chromatography. The molar ratio between the A-I and A-II polypeptides was estimated to 1.3:1 with electroimmunoassay and calculations from the amino acid compositions. Lipoprotein A migrated in the position of HDL on crossed immuno-electrophoresis. On iso electric focusing lipoprotein A appeared as one major and two minor bands in the pH range 5.10-5.30. Lipoprotein A had the hydrated density of an HDL-2 fraction. PMID- 6793363 TI - Evidence for an essential lysine at the active site of L-histidinol:NAD+ oxidoreductase; a bifunctional dehydrogenase. AB - Histidinol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23) from Salmonella typhimurium is inhibited by formaldehyde and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (pyridoxal-P). epsilon-Pyridoxyl-lysine is isolated upon acid hydrolysis of pyridoxal-P-treated enzyme reduced by sodium borohydride. In the presence of formylhistidinol and formylhistidine (specific ligands of the enzyme) inactivation of histidinol dehydrogenase by pyridoxal-P is prevented. Extrapolation of the initial part of the inactivation curve caused by pyridoxal-P indicates that modification of two essential lysine residues results in inactivation of the dimeric enzyme. The essential lysine residues appear to participate in the reversible oxidation/reduction reaction converting histidinol to histidinal. PMID- 6793364 TI - Synthetic substrates for thyroid oligosaccharide transferase. Effects of peptide chain length and modifications in the Asn-Xaa-Thr-region. AB - The N-glycosylation of proteins is initiated by transfer of preassembled oligosaccharides from lipid carriers to an asparagine residue in the sequence Asn Xaa-Ser(Thr). Various synthetic peptides were previously shown to act as effective acceptors when supplied to microsomal membranes. The present work was undertaken to delineate further within such peptides the structural determinants required for the N-glycosylation process. Several new peptides were synthesized to evaluate the effects of the chain length and of the modification on the asparagine, Xaa or threonine residues: asparagine was replaced by glutamine, Xaa by proline or N-methylated alanine, threonine by an homoserine residue. Furthermore, both side chains of asparagine and threonine were simultaneously replaced by those of glutamine and homoserine respectively to restore a putative hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The assays were performed with a solubilized form of the oligosaccharide transferase and the acceptor capacities of the peptides expressed by the ratio V/Km of their apparent kinetic parameters V and Km. Results showed that N-acetyl-tripeptide amides are excellent substrates for the enzyme. All modifications in the -Asn-Xaa-Thr- region resulted in a loss of acceptor capacity. The importance of the conformational aspect is discussed. PMID- 6793365 TI - Purification and properties of a bovine brain thyrotropin-releasing-factor deamidase. A post-proline cleaving enzyme of limited specificity. AB - A bovine brain thyrotropin-releasing-factor (thyroliberin) deamidase has been purified 1100-fold to apparent homogeneity. Molecular weight estimates by gel filtration and sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis indicate that the enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain of molecular weight of about 62 000-65 000. The enzyme is inactivated by sulfhydryl blocking agents. Serine proteinase inhibitors, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride and benzamidine, have no effect. Besides thyroliberin, the enzyme hydrolyzes peptide bonds involving the carboxyl group of proline residues in luliberin, tuftsin, angiotensin II, melanotropin, and neurotensin. Oxytocin, vasopressin, and bradykinin are not cleaved; they are, however, strong competitive inhibitors of thyroliberin deamidation. The specificity studies indicate that the enzyme is a "post-proline cleaving enzyme" which hydrolyzes peptides of the general structure, Yaa-Pro-Xaa, in which Xaa = amino acid, peptide, or amide (not Pro), and Yaa = N-blocked basic amino acid or a peptide sequence in which the C-terminal residue (i.e. the residue prior to Pro) is a basic amino acid such as His, Lys, or Arg. The enzyme is compared to other post-proline cleaving enzymes. PMID- 6793366 TI - Effect of chloroquine and methylamine on endocytosis of fluorescein-labelled controlled IgG and of anti-(plasma membrane) IgG by cultured fibroblasts. AB - We report here the effect of chloroquine and methylamine two lysosomotropic drugs, on the binding, uptake and subcellular localization of fluorescein labelled control immunoglobulin G (control IgG) a marker for non-specific adsorptive endocytosis and of anti-(plasma membrane) IgG (specific IgG), a specific ligand of cell-surface antigens. At 4 degrees C, methylamine and chloroquine inhibit the binding of control IgG to the cell surface, probably by a reversible competition. These two drugs, methylamine more than chloroquine, considerably slow down the rate at which control IgG is transferred from its binding sites on the phagosomal membrane to the lysosomal compartment; both drugs block almost completely the intralysosomal digestion of this IgG as well as the release of degradation products into the culture medium. They do not affect the binding and uptake of the specific IgG. In addition, methylamine seems to inhibit partially the return of the cell surface of membrane antigens and of membrane fragments bearing 5'-nucleotidase or binding sites for control IgG. We conclude that important steps (binding to cell surface, delivery to lysosomes, digestion and recycling of plasma membrane) involved in the uptake and the processing of IgG by fibroblasts are inhibited by these two substances. The effects of lysosomotropic agents on the regulation and function of the endocytic pathway and of lysosomes could have many pharmacological and therapeutic implications. PMID- 6793367 TI - [Phalloidin counteracts the destruction of F-actin by osmic acid. II. Protection by phalloidin of F-actin crosslinked with aldehydes (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied by viscometry and spectrophotometry the effects of glutaraldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein and formaldehyde on F-actin in vitro. Pretreatment with acrolein and, to a lesser extent, with glutaraldehyde, results in increased destruction of F-actin during the subsequent degradation with osmic acid. Formaldehyde alone disintegrates actin filaments. Acetaldehyde gives the best results and does not seem to damage F-actin. Phalloidin protects F-actin against destruction by osmic acid and this protection is also observed in the F actin which has been pretreated with the four aldehydes mentioned. PMID- 6793369 TI - Stereo-electron microscopy of nuclear structure and replication in ciliated protozoa (Hypotricha). AB - Employing stereo-electron microscopy on sections (ca. 0.1 micrometer thick) of the ciliated protozoa Stylonychia, Oxytricha and Euplotes, we have examined the ultrastructure of macronuclear replication bands (RB) and micronuclei. The macronuclear RB is composed of two zones: a "forward zone" showing a special chromatin organization consisting of regular 40 to 50 nm diameter fibers with an indication of nucleosomal substructure; and a "rear zone", the site of DNA replication, consisting of a mesh of 10 nm chromatin fibers. Micronuclei exhibit chromatin strands of 60 to 70 nm diameter. Employing the Bernhard staining procedure, we have observed that the chromatin fibers of the RB and of the micronuclei remain unbleached, whereas macronuclear condensed chromatin is bleached of stain, indicating that the replication band and the micronuclei contain chromatin in a configuration different from that of other forms of densely packed chromatin. The regularity of the chromatin fibers within the forward zone is of particular interest since it is comparable to the regularity of chromatin seen in the transcriptionally-inactive chromatin of other nuclei such as avain erythrocytes and sea urchin spermatozoa. It is likely that the forward zone chromatin fibers consist of highly ordered arrangements of nucleosomes, associated with additional nonhistone proteins. PMID- 6793368 TI - In vitro studies of the fixation of DNA, nucleoprotamine, nucleohistone and proteins. AB - In view of improving fixation and embedding for thin sections of nuclear material we investigated the crosslinking of selected proteins, nucleic acid and nucleoproteins by observing the eventual gelation of solutions of these substances, which might be produced by current cytological fixatives. For those combinations where gelation occurs, we give thresholds of minimum concentrations required. We discuss the consequences of these findings for the preservation of thin sectioned nuclear structures within cells. PMID- 6793370 TI - Regulation of mitosis onset and thymidine kinase synthesis during the cell cycle of Physarum polycephalum: action of aphidicolin. AB - In Physarum polycephalum (Myxomycetes) aphidicolin has been found to delay metaphase onset when applied to synchronous plasmodia 3 h before control metaphase. In contrast to the action of temperature shifts, aphidicolin treatment did not delay the initiation of the increase of thymidine kinase synthesis (EC 2.7.1.21, ATP-thymidine 5' phosphotransferase) and the decrease of the synthesis of thymidine kinase occurred normally after completion of mitosis in presence of aphidicolin. The amount of thymidine kinase synthesized was larger for aphidicolin treated plasmodia than in the control due to both a longer period of increased synthesis and a higher maximum rate of synthesis. These results were interpreted by postulating the presence of two regulatory pathways. The first one acting on the increase of the synthesis of thymidine kinase and on mitosis onset was sensitive to temperature shifts from 22 to 32 degrees C. The second one acting on mitosis onset only was sensitive to aphidicolin. PMID- 6793371 TI - Contrast echocardiography: transmission of echoes to the left heart across the pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 6793372 TI - Parathyroid autotransplantation. AB - 7 patients with diffuse parathyroid hyperplasia underwent total parathyroidectomy and microsurgical autotransplantation for diffuse parathyroid hyperplasia. 5 of 7 patients showed good function of the grafted parathyroid tissue, as checked by the separate PTH assay from the grafted versus not grafted forearm. In 1 patient parathyroid stimulation test with EDTA infusion and suppression test with calcium infusion were also performed. PMID- 6793373 TI - Circulatory effects of sublingual and oral sustained-release nitroglycerin in healthy young men. AB - The effects on heart rate and blood pressure during standing, and on plethysmographic arterial pulsation in the calf, of nitroglycerin 0.5 mg sublingually, 6.5 mg orally and a placebo tablet were studied for up to 8 h. Sublingual nitroglycerin increased heart rate and arterial pulsation; the peak height and duration of these effects occurred at slightly different times. Oral nitroglycerin had no effect on heart rate but did increase pulsations as compared to placebo. In the orthostatic test, heart rate and pulse amplitude were affected by both forms of administration. Comparing the areas-under-curve for these variables for the two forms suggested that, in comparison with sublingual nitroglycerin, about 1/3 of the oral nitroglycerin was biologically effective over 8 h. Pulse plethysmography appeared to be the most sensitive method for "bioassay" of nitroglycerin. PMID- 6793374 TI - Concanavalin A-induced resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and activation of macrophages: defect in mice treated with 89Sr. AB - 89Sr-treated mice injected with concanavalin A (Con A) 24 h prior to infection with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) could not enhance the clearance of LM from the spleen. Adoptive transfer of normal syngeneic spleen cells together with Con A rendered these animals more resistant. Spleen cells of 89Sr-treated or age matched control mice were stimulated with con A for 24 h, and supernatant fluids were assessed for macrophage-activating factor (MAF), i.e. the ability to activate resident peritoneal macrophages to kill LM intracellularly in vitro. A defective MAF production by spleen cells was observed in 89Sr-treated, 2 week old, and athymic nude mice. Also, treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 antiserum plus complement inhibited MAF production. Synergism between spleen cells from 89Sr-treated and nude mice did not occur. The cells required for MAF production were relatively resistant to gamma irradiation. Nylon wool filtration did not modify the ability of spleen cells to make MAF. 89Sr-treated mice possess macrophages responsive to MAF derived from normal spleen cells. The data suggest that the failure of 89Sr-treated mice to develop an anti-LM response observed in thi system could be due to a defective capacity to produce protective humoral factors and/or cells in response to Con A. PMID- 6793375 TI - The origin of IgA in chicken bile: its rapid active transport from blood. AB - In the chicken, there are two bile ducts, one draining the left lobe of the liver directly into the duodenum and the other draining the right lobe via the gall bladder. Cannulation of these ducts enabled us to collect bile in unanesthetized birds and to compare the IgA concentrations of the hepatic bile, gall bladder bile and blood serum. Bile from the cystic and hepatic ducts of the same bird contained similar amounts of IgA (1.7 mg/ml), roughly 10 times as much as in serum, but considerably less than that found in the concentrated bile collected by aspiration from the gall bladder (8 mg/ml). Ligation of the two bile ducts resulted in a three to fourfold increase in the concentration of IgA in serum suggesting that IgA is normally removed from serum by the biliary route. This was confirmed by a substantial recovery of i.v. injected, radiolabeled monoclonal dimeric human IgA in the bile corresponding to a rapid active clearance from the blood circulation; negligible amounts of monomeric human IgA, similarly injected, were recovered from the bile. PMID- 6793376 TI - The effects of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, on sea urchin development. PMID- 6793377 TI - Stimulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt in rabbit lens in response to the oxidation of glutathione. PMID- 6793378 TI - Lens membranes XIV. Comparative study of immunological characteristics of the fiber membrane polypeptides from calf, pig, sheep and chicken lenses. PMID- 6793379 TI - Lens membranes XV. Comparative study of membrane and cytoplasmic proteins from human, monkey and other animal lenses. PMID- 6793380 TI - Temporal organization and aging in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793381 TI - Electrophysiologic evidence for histamine receptors in rat cerebellum. PMID- 6793382 TI - Plasticity of neostriatal metabolic activity and behavioral recovery from nigrostriatal injury. PMID- 6793383 TI - Inhibition of arginase in sheep brain homogenates by some L-amino acids. AB - The effect of 16 L-amino acids on the activity levels of arginase in sheep brain homogenates was studied. The amino acids leucine, valine, lysine, and ornithine inhibited arginase activity significantly. The other amino acids tested did not show a significant influence on arginase activity. The inhibition was related to the carbon chain length of the amino acids. PMID- 6793384 TI - Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on motility of sea urchin spermatozoa. PMID- 6793386 TI - Immune T cells control Trypanosoma cruzi infections. PMID- 6793385 TI - Effects of centrophenoxine, piracetam and hydergine on rat brain lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6793387 TI - Engaging "resistant" families in treatment. AB - Many families, when presented with the option of family therapy, are less than eager to participate. This paper comprises the second and third parts of a series on engaging "resistant" families. Part II presents 21 principles and a number of techniques and strategies that have been developed for successfully recruiting such families. These techniques should be applicable for engaging resistant families with all types of presenting problems. Part III provides an analysis of the important variables involved, along with data on cost efficiency and administrative costs. It was found that when therapists had administrative control of their cases, serving in dual roles as both therapists and drug counselors, the recruitment effort was (a) more effective (i.e., complete families, including both parents or parent surrogates, were recruited in 77 per cent of the cases), and (b) twice as cost efficient. Two-thirds of the non engaged families were not recruited because the index patient would not allow family members to be contacted. Black families were more difficult to recruit than whites. Data on cost efficiency and on the actual administrative costs of recruiting families are also provided. PMID- 6793389 TI - [Effect of diuretics on electrolyte and non-electrolyte penetration of intercellular spaces]. AB - The effect of novurit, mannitol and furosemide on permeability of the intercellular interstice of the frog urinary bladder by inulin, saccharose, iodide, lithium cation and fluorescein moving against a concentration gradient was examined. Novurit (0.5--6 mM/l) raised permeability of the intercellular interstice by all test substances and ions. Mannitol (210 mM/l) increased permeability of the intercellular interstice by lithium cation and fluorescein, while furosemide failed to exert any effect on permeability. The character of asymmetrical ionic flows moving in opposite directions across the wall of the frog urinary bladder is discussed. PMID- 6793388 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of haloperidol and clozapine on rotational movements induced by caudate nucleus stimulation in cats]. AB - Chronic experiments on cats were carried out to study the effect of haloperidol and clozapine on the pattern of contralateral rotations produced by electric stimulation of the caudate nucleus. Haloperidol (0.125 mg/kg) facilitated the appearance of the reactions during stimulation of the lateral parts of the nucleus while clozapine selectively decreased the thresholds of the "manage" movements in the course of stimulating but the medial zones of the structure. Unlike haloperidol, clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) eliminated the forced reactions of the tonic type originating from the lateral parts of the caudate nucleus. Haloperidol (0.125 mg/kg) suppressed the stereotyped behavior caused by DOPA (100 mg/kg) and apomorphine (5 mg/kg). Clozapine (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the stereotyped behavior produced by amphetamine (2 mg/kg) but did not exert any action on apomorphine effects. It is suggested that clozapine suppression of the tonic effects originating from the lateral parts of the caudate nucleus is responsible for poor intensity of extrapyramidal disorders seen in clinical application of this agent. PMID- 6793390 TI - [Comparative evaluation and analysis of the bradykinin-potentiating properties of D-penicillamine and other thiol and non-thiol kininase inhibitors]. AB - In experiments with an isolated guinea-pig ileum D-penicillamine (3,3 dimethylcysteine) potentiated the spasmogenic effect of bradykinin and exerted no influence on the analogous effects of acetylcholine, histamine and barium chloride. These properties distinguish the drug from other thiol compounds -- unithiol and cysteine. The bradykinin-potentiating action of D-penicillamine excludes the effect on the cholinergic and histaminergic systems, while the bradykinin-potentiating effect of unithiol and cysteine is reversed by atropine and tavegil. 1, 10-Phenanthroline and 8-hydroxyquinoline do not possess the bradykinin-potentiating properties, and, when administered in high doses, reduce the spasmogenic effect of the polypeptide. PMID- 6793391 TI - Antibodies against the membrane-bound acetylcholinesterase from adult rat brain. PMID- 6793392 TI - Identification and biological activity of novel omega-oxidized metabolites of leukotriene B4 from human leukocytes. PMID- 6793395 TI - Existence of a novel prosthetic group, PQQ, in membrane-bound, electron transport chain-linked, primary dehydrogenases of oxidative bacteria. PMID- 6793393 TI - Increase of ornithine transcarbamylase protein in sparse-fur mice with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. PMID- 6793394 TI - Induction of peroxisomes and mitochondria by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. PMID- 6793396 TI - The identification of Lys216 as the retinal binding residue in bacteriorhodopsin. PMID- 6793397 TI - The glycoprotein nature of Forssman antigen in dog gastric mucus. PMID- 6793398 TI - Hydrolysis of phospholipids by phospholipase C in intact cells of wild-type and envelope mutants of Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 6793399 TI - A single DNA-binding protein from Pseudomonas aeruginosa homologous to proteins NS1 and NS2 (HU proteins) of Escherichia coli and other bacteria. PMID- 6793400 TI - Plasma apoliprotein A-I levels after thoracic duct drainage in the rat. PMID- 6793401 TI - The charge state of trimethoprim bound to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 6793402 TI - A kirromycin resistant elongation factor EF-Tu from Escherichia coli contains a threonine instead of an alanine residue in position 375. PMID- 6793403 TI - Endometrial patterns in women on chronic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment for contraception. AB - Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained from 12 healthy women under chronic intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist treatment for evaluation of the risk of endometrial hyperplasia during long-term inhibition of ovulation. A single daily dose of 400 or 600 microgram of the superactive LH-RH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH was given for 13 to 55 weeks. Treatment was monitored by clinical examination, basal body temperature (BBT) recordings, and frequently taken venous blood specimens for determination of estradiol and progesterone. Ovulation was inhibited during all but 2 of the 102 treatment cycles. No pregnancy occurred. Six of the women had slight menstrual-like bleeding, and six hac amenorrhea during the treatment period. No dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurred. The dominating histologic picture of the 17 endometrial biopsies, obtained after 78 to 380 days of treatment, was inactive or weak proliferative glands with slightly atrophic stroma. There were no signs of hyperplasia. After discontinuation of treatment ovulatory menstrual cycle rapidly returned. PMID- 6793404 TI - Enzymes in the seminal plasma from azoospermic men: correlation with the origin of their azoospermia. AB - Semi-quantitative estimations of the activities of 65 enzymes were studied for cases of azoospermia in an attempt to correlate the seminal enzyme profile with the origin of the azoospermia. One single enzyme--alpha-glucosidase--showed variation. All other specificities tested gave identical results for all the azoospermic samples and for normal controls. The alpha-glucosidase activity that is present in normal semen was absent from samples from patients with azoospermia associated with a complete obstruction of the genital tract, and also from all semen samples from vasectomized subjects. This enzyme appears to be secreted by the epididymis, and the activity present in azoospermic semen can provide information concerning the origin of the azoospermia and the functional state of the epididymis. Positive but reduced alpha-glucosidase activity appears to be frequently associated with inflammatory disease. The consequences of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6793405 TI - Inhibition of the postcastration rise of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) by the administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibitory analog ([N Ac-D-Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D-Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH). AB - Regularly cycling rhesus monkeys were bilaterally oophorectomized for study of postcastration rise of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The animals were divided in two groups, control animals, which received vehicle, and experimental animals, which received intramuscularly 1 mg of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) inhibitory analog ([N-Ac-D Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D-Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH) from the day of castration for 10 days. The controls showed significant elevations of FSH and LH 3 to 4 days after castration, but in the experimental animals the rise in gonadotropins was blocked until the LHRH antagonist administration was discontinued. The dynamics of gonadotropin elevation after the discontinuation of [N-Ac-D-Trp1-3,D-p-Cl-phe2,D Phe6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH administration were similar to those observed in control animals after castration. The availability of a compound that selectively inhibits FSH and LH secretion in primates opens a new approach to contraception and for the treatment of conditions in which gonadotropin inhibition is desired. PMID- 6793406 TI - Induction of ovulation with spironolactone (Aldactone) in anovulatory oligomenorrheic and hyperandrogenic women. AB - Thirteen anovulatory oligomenorrheic, hyperandrogenic, and normoprolactinemic women were treated with spironolactone (aldactone) throughout six consecutive menstrual cycles in a dosage of 100 to 150 mg/day. During this treatment a significant decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, prolactin, and 17-ketosteroid values were observed that were accompanied by ovulation in 11 women (85%), according to basal body temperature (BBT) and progesterone values. In addition, improvement of hirsutism was observed in 9 (70%) and restoration of regular cycles in 11 (85%) of the patients. The side effects observed were mild and did not lead to interruption of the treatment. Our data suggest that the antiandrogenic properties of spironolactone render it a suitable agent in the treatment of anovulatory, oligomenorrheic, and hyperandrogenic women. PMID- 6793407 TI - Effects of psychotropic drugs on human sperm motility. AB - Imipramine has been shown to have a potent inhibitory effect on sperm motility in vitro. Because of the frequent chronic use of antidepressants in treatment of depression, we investigated the in vivo effects of desmethylimipramine and lithium carbonate on sperm function in patients suffering from clinical depression. We also studied the in vitro effects of a series of neurotrophic agents on sperm motility. There were no significant differences in sperm count, viability, or motility between a group of patients diagnosed as having clinical depression and a group of semen donors with normal sperm characteristics. Three weeks of continuous therapy with desmethylimipramine or lithium carbonate resulted in a significant decrease in sperm viability but no significant change in sperm count or motility. The in vitro drug studies demonstrated that imipramine hydrochloride, desmethylimipramine, chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, and nortriptyline hydrochloride were all potent inhibitors of sperm motility, whereas lithium carbonate had no effect on motility. PMID- 6793408 TI - Hormonal characteristics of long cycles in fertile women. PMID- 6793409 TI - [Physiologic mechanisms of the development of profound states of artificial hypobiosis]. PMID- 6793411 TI - [The effects of acute administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on conditioned active avoidance learning and passive avoidance learning in rats (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of acute administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the fear motivated learning of male Wistar rats were studied using a shuttle box. Two kinds of experiments - active avoidance learning (shuttle avoidance learning) and passive avoidance learning were performed. TRH (500 microgram/kg) was injected subcutaneously 40 to 50 minutes before the test trials. 1. In shuttle avoidance learning, TRH facilitated the acquisition after 8 sessions-pretraining and retarded the extinction after 8 approximately 12 sessions-pretrainings compared with saline. In passive avoidance learning, however, the reverse results were obtained: TRH retarded the acquisition and facilitated the extinction. 2. In shuttle avoidance learning, the acquisition facilitating effect of TRH was seen only in poor performer rats (poor performer was defined as less than 37 median score of conditioned avoidance responses in 8 sessions-pretraining), but not in good performer rats (more than 37 conditioned avoidance responses). 3. In shuttle avoidance learning, the acquisition facilitating effect of TRH was not seen in poor performer rats after 15 sessions-pretrainings, and the extinction retarding effect of TRH was not seen in the rats after 28 sessions-pretrainings. 4. From the above results it can be concluded that TRH possesses a fear reducing effect, and the behavioral changes brought about by TRH are seen most obviously in the rats which are in highly fearful conditions. PMID- 6793410 TI - [Analysis of pulmonary vasomotor responses to alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia]. AB - In acute experiments on cats responses of the lung vessels to hypoxic and hypercapnic stimuli and the latters effect on minor circle hemodynamics were studied as well as the role of changes of the blood acid-alkaline balance and volume of ventilation in potentiation and blocking of the above responses. The alveolar hypoxia and hypercapnia being induced a reversed dependence between the relative mass of the lung area and reduction of its blood flow vasdseined Hyperventilation with hypoxic gas mixture inhibited the hypoxic vasoconstriction in respective lung area which seems to suggest a shift towards alkalosis of the blood in the area of gases respiratory diffusion. The autoregulation of the lung gas exchange is supposed to be the function of the respiratory dead space. PMID- 6793412 TI - [The change of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function during peripubertal period in female baboons (author's transl)]. AB - To clarify the relationship between the change in plasma levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones and the development of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function in the course of sexual maturation, longitudinal studies were performed using seven peripubertal female baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Serial blood samples were collected every two weeks from 12 months before menarche to 8 months after menarche. Plasma levels of prolactin, LH, FSH and estradiol were determined by specific radioimmunoassay methods. Periodic injections of synthetic LHRH (100 microgram) + TRH (500 microgram) and conjugated estrogen (Premarin 20mg) at one month interval were also conducted throughout the period studied. Furthermore, daily blood samples were drawn from two baboons from the first day of menarche up to the subsequent onset of vaginal bleeding, and the fluctuations of the same kinds of plasma hormonal levels were analysed. The basal plasma levels of FSH showed the earliest significant increase seven months prior to menarche, while those of LH, prolactin and estradiol exhibited no apparent change. Statistically significant elevations of basal plasma LH, prolactin and estradiol levels were observed one month before menarche. Intravenous injections of LHRH which were given earlier than two months before menarche induced marked responses in FSH with limited changes in LH patterns. After this stage of puberty, the response of LH stimulated by LHRH administrations were augmented progressively, whereas those of FSH became impaired. The peak values of prolactin after TRH injections increased, obviously around the same period of sexual development. The LH positive feedback induced by Premarin was observed one month before menarche in four baboons whose LH responses were exaggerated significantly by LHRH, and the sex skin reached turgidity to a certain extent. The evaluation of the hormonal changes during the first menstrual cycles after menarche indicated that the follicular phases were prolonged due to delayed elevation of FSH during the early follicular phase, and the length of the luteal phases were shorter in comparison to those seen in the normal ovulatory cycles of adult baboons. The results from the present longitudinal studies on baboons revealed characteristic changes accompanied by the maturation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian function during the peripubertal period. The initial change was the increase of basal FSH levels, which was caused by the alteration of hypothalamic sensitivity to endogenous estrogen, and that FSH stimulated the ovary to secrete estrogen. The increased basal estradiol secretion influenced both hypothalamic and pituitary functions, namely, the dominant gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary shifted from FSH to LH, a positive feedback mechanism was established, and prolactin level secretions with enhanced response after TRH stimulations were increased. This sequence of events indicates that hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian interaction occurs during maturation in the peripubertal period. PMID- 6793413 TI - [The role of the brain catecholaminergic system in the control of gonadotropin secretion. I. The effect of neural transections in the lateral hypothalamus on gonadotropin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793414 TI - [The role of the brain catecholaminergic system in the control of gonadotropin secretion. II. The involvement of the brain stem in the control of gonadotropin secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793415 TI - [A clinical study on thyroid hormone secretion and metabolism in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793416 TI - [Studies on precipitating antibodies to solubilized thyroid membrane antigens by gel immunodiffusion in autoimmune thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793417 TI - Herpes simplex: nature and treatment of the disease. PMID- 6793419 TI - Gonococcal carriage in the throat--no common findings anyhow? Absence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynges of 158 repeatedly swabbed young men. AB - Urethral carriage of gonococci is now accepted as a common phenomenon. During the last 10 years, moreover, gonococcal infections of the throat--both symptomatic and asymptomatic--have increasingly been demonstrated. As most investigations were undertaken in a highly selected population (VD patients), it seemed useful to screen a group of army recruits for the presence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in their throats. In fact, while Neisseria meningitidis turned up very often, no such strains could be found. So gonococcal pharyngeal--other than urethral- carriage cannot be considered as a normal finding in an unselected population; as high as the corresponding rates in VD patients patients may be. PMID- 6793418 TI - The effect of beta-carotene in combination with canthaxanthin, Ro 8-8427 (Phenoro), in treatment of polymorphous light eruptions. AB - 50 patients with polymorphous light eruptions with treated with a beta-carotene canthaxanthin combination, Ro 8-8427 (Phenoro) at a daily dose of 100 mg or placebo for a duration of 10 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, cross-over trial. The effect of treatment was evaluated clinically on the basis of occurrence of pruritus, erythema and eruptions as well as subjectively through the patients own opinion about the condition of their skin. Excellent results after treatment with Ro 8-8427 were achieved in 27 cases and good results in 9, regardless of whether this preparation was the first treatment or the second. The corresponding figures after placebo were 16 and 12, respectively. Similarly, moderate results were achieved in 6 cases after Ro 8-8427 and in 9 cases after placebo. Poor results were achieved in only 3 cases after R0 8-8427 as compared with 8 after placebo. Only a few, mild side effects were observed during the treatment periods. PMID- 6793420 TI - Clinical study of gossypol as a male contraceptive. PMID- 6793421 TI - Further characterization of the insulin receptor glycosidic moiety in rat adipocytes. AB - Simultaneous or sequential treatment of rat adipocytes with neuraminidase plus beta-galactosidase decreased insulin binding by 43%. No modification was observed with either enzyme individually. alpha-Mannosidase enhanced insulin binding (38%), whereas beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-L-fucosidase were ineffective. Lectins that interact with galactose (Ricinus communis I, RCAI), mannose, Lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA), Concanavalin A (Con A) or N acetylglucosamine (wheat-germ agglutinin, WGA) decreased insulin binding by 43, 57, 59 and 85% respectively. Lectin inhibition was dose-dependent, saturable and prevented by specific monosaccharides. RCAI, LCA, Con A and WGA decreased the insulin dissociation process by 45, 90, 78 and 84% respectively. Lectins specific for sialic acid, terminal galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine or fucose (Limulus polyphemus, peanut, soybean and Ulex I agglutinins) did not modify either insulin binding or dissociation. These results indicate involvement of penultimate D galactose, internal N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-mannose residues in both processes. They suggest that, in rat adipocytes, a glycosidic moiety participates in the insulin-receptor interaction through N-linked oligosaccharides of the 'complex type'. PMID- 6793422 TI - Mammalian sperm-egg interaction: fertilization of mouse eggs triggers modification of the major zona pellucida glycoprotein, ZP2. PMID- 6793423 TI - Studies on glycosaminoglycans of regenerating rabbit ear cartilage. PMID- 6793425 TI - Site and timing of synthesis of tubulin and other proteins during oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793424 TI - Translational control in sea urchin eggs and embryos: initiation is rate limiting in blastula stage embryos. PMID- 6793426 TI - Translational diffusion in the plasma membrane of sea urchin eggs. PMID- 6793427 TI - Role of epithelial--mesenchymal interactions in the ontogenesis of intestinal brush-border enzymes. PMID- 6793428 TI - Modulation of cell-to-cell communication in the cumulus-oocyte complex and the regulation of oocyte maturation by LH. PMID- 6793430 TI - A histological and ultrastructural analysis of developmental defects produced by the mutation, lethal(1)myospheroid, in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793429 TI - Compartments in the abdomen of Drosophila and the role of the engrailed locus. PMID- 6793431 TI - Induction of Drosophila heat-shock puffs in isolated polytene nuclei. PMID- 6793432 TI - Rapid appearance of multivesicular bodies in the cortex of Drosophila eggs at ovulation. PMID- 6793433 TI - Selective adhesion of embryonal carcinoma cells and differentiated cells by Ca2+ dependent sites. PMID- 6793434 TI - Growth dynamics in the regeneration of a fragment of the wing imaginal disc of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793435 TI - Morphological analysis and fate map of the intersexual genital disc of the mutant doublesex-dominant in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793436 TI - Creating a therapeutic park for the mentally frail. PMID- 6793437 TI - High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I levels at diagnosis in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were decreased in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes at diagnosis when matched with a control population for sex, age, obesity, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. There was no association between serum HDL-cholesterol concentration and the percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1). Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were lower in diabetics over the whole range of serum triglyceride levels, and particularly in hyper-triglyceridaemic diabetics. Serum apolipoprotein A-I levels were not decreased in diabetics with normal serum triglyceride levels, so that the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I was significantly decreased in diabetics (p Less Than 0.005). Decreased HDL-cholesterol levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes could be relevant to the subsequent development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6793438 TI - [Echocardiography during ergometric tests in subjects with stable effort angina (author's transl)]. AB - The feasibility of echocardiography in detecting left ventricle wall motion abnormalities, their location and their spontaneous or therapeutic regression, was assessed performing monodimensional and two-dimensional echocardiography in 35 patients with stable effort angina, without previous AMI. A control group of 10 normal subjects was also studied. The Authors evaluated echocardiographic findings on subjects at rest, during supine bicycle exercise and after sublingual nitroglycerin administration, defining the quality of wall motion as normal, hypokinetic, akinetic or dyskinetic in M-mode, and normal or asynergic in 2-D. They also analyzed, in M-mode, some echocardiographic indices of regional left ventricle function (IVSE, PWE, VIVS, VPW, delta TS, delta TP), and, in 2-D, the percent of systo-diastolic endocardial outline changes versus standard references in 7 sectors of left ventricle (anterior, lateral, inferior, septal in short axis, septal, postero-lateral in long-axis, and apical) by means of a HP 9845B Computer, interfaced to a Digitizer. The percentage of feasibility of exercise echocardiography has been 60% in M-Mode, and 70% in 2-D. Mono and two-dimensional findings were normal in all patients at rest, whereas, during exercise, 57% of them, in M-mode, and 88% in 2-D, showed segmental contraction abnormalities. The Authors conclude that exercise echocardiography, though technically difficult, is feasible, Both M-mode and 2-D involve peculiar advantages or disadvantages. They provide, however, a valuable tool in detecting the mechanical consequences of exercise-induced regional myocardial ischemia and may be applicable in patients with equivocal exercise test. PMID- 6793439 TI - The effect of the preparation "Peptichemio" on leukopoiesis and experimental tumours of animals compared with that of sarcolysin and thiophosphamide. PMID- 6793440 TI - Modification of poly-L-lysine by treatment with 1,1-ethylene-bis(1-nitrosourea) in vitro. AB - N6-(Carbamoyl)-L-lysine (CA-Lys), N6-(2-imidazolidinone-N-carbonyl)-L-lysine (INC Lys), and N6-(2-hydroxyethylcarbamoyl)-L-lysine (HEC-Lys) were synthesized. The radioactive products obtained from enzymatic hydrolysates of polylysine that had been reacted with 1,1'ethylene-bis(1-nitrosourea) (EBNU) [carbonyl-14C] and EBNU [ethylene-14C] coincided with the authentic samples of CA-Lys, INC-Lys, and HEC Lys on thin-layer chromatography. The main product was CA-Lys and the amounts of other products, such as INC-Lys and HEC-Lys, were extremely small. CA-Lys was also isolated and identified from among the reaction products of EBNU and N1-tert butyloxycarbonyl-L-lysine. These results demonstrate that EBNU carbamoylates polylysine at the N6-amino group of lysyl residues via various kinds of carbamoylating moieties derived from EBNU. PMID- 6793441 TI - Antitumor activity of methyl (5-fluoro-1H-2-oxo-4-pyrimidinyl beta-D glucopyranosid)uronate against various experimental tumors. AB - The antitumor activity of a glucuronide of 5-fluorouracil, methyl (5-fluoro-1H-2 oxo-4-pyrimidinyl beta-D-glucopyranosid) uronate (FU-O-G), which is a 5 fluorouracil (5-FU) derivative with remarkably low toxicity, was studied. The antitumor activity of this compound was superior to those of 5-FU and 1-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (Tegafur, Ftorafur) in the treatment of transplantable tumors, not only 5-FU-sensitive tumors such as adenocarcinoma 755, lymphosarcoma LS-1, and plasmacytoma X5563, but also 5-FU-resistant tumors such as Lewis lung carcinoma and Walker carcinosarcoma 256. Furthermore, in the treatment of Lewis lung carcinoma, which responds poorly to 5-FU and Ftorafur, daily administration of FU-O-G at a dose of 400 mg/kg for 30 days produced a 92% increase in life span without marked loss of body weight, though short-term administration (such as 5 days) was barely effective. Thus, it appears that FU-O G is an antitumor agent suitable for long-term administration. These findings correspond with the results of an enzymological study which showed selective activation of FU-O-G by beta-glucosidase in tumor cells and indicated that the compound is a marked form of 5-FU. PMID- 6793442 TI - Effects of sex steroids on the development of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mammary dysplasia in neonatally androgenized female rats. AB - The development of mammary dysplasia (mastopathia cystica) induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in neonatally androgenized female rats was dependent on estrogens, and cystic-type mammary dysplasia developed in rats with a relative or absolute excess of estrogens. At 2 days of age, 137 female rats were neonatally androgenized by single subcutaneous injections of 1.25 mg testosterone propionate (TP). At 50 days of age, all rats were given 20 mg DMBA by gastric intubation. About one-half of the TP rats were ovariectomized at 78 days of age. Rats in test groups were given daily intramuscular injections of 10 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol (E) or 4 mg progesterone (P) for 228 days starting from 78 days after birth. In all TP rats, corpora lutea were absent in the ovaries. the incidence of mammary dysplasia in TP rats was 89.7%. Ovariectomy (OVEX) of TP rats induced a significant and marked decrease in the incidence of mammary dysplasia (3.7%). In TP rats with OVEX, a high incidence of mammary dysplasia was found in those given E (95.7%) but not in those given P (0%). The incidences of cystic-type mammary dysplasia in TP rats, TP rats with E, TP rats with OVEX and E and TP rats with P were 65.5, 86.7, 91.3 and 0%, respectively. PMID- 6793443 TI - Effect of topical application of amino acids on gastric pepsin secretion in the rat. Part II: effect of pH changes and glycine in separate perfusion preparation. AB - Gastric acid and pepsin were measured in antrum and fundus separately by perfusing each region of the stomach in anaesthetized rats. Perfusion of the antral region with alkaline and acid solutions did not affect gastric acid and pepsin secretions in the fundic gland region. Gastric secretions in the antrum and acid secretions in the fundus remained unchanged when each region of the stomach was instillated with glycine. Pepsin stimulation was observed in the fundic region only when perfused with glycine. We confirmed our previous observation that topical amino acid in the oxyntic gland stimulated pepsin secretion directly. The pepsin stimulatory effect of amino acid was found to be independent of antral regulation. PMID- 6793445 TI - Hypotyrosinemia, hypocystinemia, and failure to retain nitrogen during total parenteral nutrition of cirrhotic patients. AB - Six patients with gastrointestinal malabsorption and 12 with alcoholic cirrhosis received total parenteral nutrition for 4 wk. Freamine II, the source of the amino acids, is nearly devoid of cystine and tyrosine. We monitored daily nitrogen balance and other nutritional parameters and 22 plasma amino acids. Malabsorbers had a strongly positive nitrogen balance and improvements in nutritional parameters. Plasma amino acids were maintained within or above their normal fasting ranges. Eight of 12 cirrhotics resembled malabsorbing patients in terms of positive nitrogen balance, improved nutritional parameters, and plasma amino acids. In 4 cirrhotics, nitrogen balance remained negative and nutritional repletion failed to occur. Plasma cystine and tyrosine fell to below 30% of their normal fasting means. In 2 of these patients, oral supplements of cystine and tyrosine were given during the fifth week of parenteral nutrition. Plasma cystine and tyrosine were normalized, nitrogen balance became positive, and other repletion indicators demonstrated recovery. We conclude that in 4 cirrhotics, repletion was blocked by deficiencies of cystine and tyrosine, resulting from hepatic inability to synthesize cystine from methionine and tyrosine from phenylalanine. PMID- 6793444 TI - Effect of topical application of amino acids on gastric pepsin secretion in the rat. Part III: effect of L- and D-isomers of amino acids on gastric secretion in reperfusion system. AB - This study was undertaken to compare the potency of each L- and D-isomers of 5 amino acids in stimulating gastric acid and pepsin secretion by the intragastric reperfusion preparation in rats. Gastric basal and glycine-stimulated secretions in this preparation were lower than those Ghosh-Lai preparation, but not to a statistically significant extent. All D- and L-isomers of amino acids tested were found to markedly stimulate pepsin secretion, but to only slightly stimulate acid secretion. Pepsin stimulatory response to each D and L-isomer of amino acid was similar. The stimulatory effects of amino acids thus seem to be unrelated to the optical stereoisomeric configuration. PMID- 6793446 TI - [Sublingual structures of primates. II. Hominoidea, review, summary and literature]. AB - 1. In Homo and the great apes (Pongidae) there occurs, besides the plica sublingualis a plica fimbriata at the ventral surface of the tongue. This duplicature of the mucosa does not occur in the Hylobytidae and in the other primates. 2. Some taste buds could be found in the epithelium of the plica sublingualis of the Pongidae. 3. There are many taste buds in the epithelium of the plica fimbriata of the Pongidae. On this sublingual structure there were counted 1776 taste buds in Pongo, 592 in Gorilla and 280 in Pan. A few taste buds could also be found on the plica fimbriata of a human newborn. 4. A glandula apicis linguae occurs in Homo, Pan, Gorilla and Pongo. 5. The fresh saliva of the glandula apicis linguae and the saliva on the floor of the mouth can be tested by the taste buds in the epithelium of the plica fimbriata, of papillae lenticulares and of areae gustatoriae at the ventral surface of the tongue. 6. It might be the function of the sublingual taste buds to taste the fresh saliva as a gradient for the central nervous comparison with the taste of the saliva on the dorsal surface of the tongue. 7. Because of the complete absence of a sublingua in the Platyrrhini and in the Cercopithecinae it is unlikely that the plica fimbriata of Homo and the great apes can be interpreted as a homalogon of the sublingua in the prosimians. 8. Because of the absence of a sublingua in other ordines of the Mammalia (Insectivora, Carnivora, Rodentia, Chiroptera, Ungulata) it is unlikely as well that the sublingua in the prosimians can be interpreted as a homologon of the tongues of the lower vertebrates. The sublingual structures occuring in the Marsupialia have to be investigated. 9. Because of these reasons the new development of the sublingua in the prosimians and the plica fimbriata in the Hominoidea, in complete independence from one another, seems to be a better explanation of the 2 structures and less contradictionary to anatomical and phylogenetic arguments. The different function of both structures in the recent primates gives a hint for the possible reason for their development during the process of evolution. PMID- 6793447 TI - Chronic effects of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and metformin on plasma glucose and insulin in non-diabetic rats. PMID- 6793448 TI - Seasonal reproduction in the mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus, I. Androgen, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in the male. PMID- 6793449 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin in the control of thyroid function in the turtle, Chrysemys picta. PMID- 6793450 TI - Octopamine and short-term hyperlipaemia in the locust. PMID- 6793451 TI - Consultation-liaison psychiatry and funding. Why can't alice find wonderland? PMID- 6793452 TI - Superoxide dismutase activity in two different wild-type strains of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6793453 TI - [Pathomechanism of juvenile metrorrhagia based on animal experiments]. PMID- 6793454 TI - [Indicators of acid-base equilibrium in newborn infants delivered by cesarean section]. PMID- 6793455 TI - The significance of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) in the diagnosis of low-grade intravascular coagulation and venous thromboembolism. PMID- 6793457 TI - A case of Sezary's syndrome with terminal "leukemic phase". PMID- 6793458 TI - [Cytomorphology and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793456 TI - T-gamma lymphocytes in a case of congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome). PMID- 6793459 TI - Acute leukemia complicating Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6793461 TI - Unusual response to leukapheresis in a case of myelofibrosis with elevated peripheral cell count. PMID- 6793460 TI - [Induction and consolidation combination chemotherapy with 8 drugs (L-10 protocol) for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793462 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia: a case in Italy and a review. PMID- 6793464 TI - [Ring-shaped sideroblastosis in a case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in a child]. PMID- 6793463 TI - [Increased blood level of factor VIII. A critical review (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793465 TI - Anti-factor XI, direct positive Coombs's test and recurrent abortion in a systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6793466 TI - [Nasal disodium cromoglycate for perennial rhinitis]. PMID- 6793467 TI - [Effect of lithium carbonate on serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in endogenous depression]. PMID- 6793468 TI - [Effects of nitroglycerin on the wall thickness of left ventricle during acute ischemia--experimental echocardiographical studies (author's transl)]. AB - Since the use of nitroglycerin (NTG) in cases of acute myocardial infarction is controversial, the effects of this drug were studied using experimental animals. NTG was given to open chest dogs during induced acute ischemia and the motion and the wall thickness of left ventricle were examined using the method of Gaasch and Bernard. Mongrel dogs weighing 10 to 25kg (average 15kg) were anesthesized with urethane, alpha-chloralose and morphine. A mini-transducer was immobilized on the surface of left ventricular wall and the motion and thickness of left ventricular wall were measured by Ultrasound. In some dogs, an electromagnetic flowmeter probe was attached to the left anterior descending coronary artery and the coronary blood flow and aortic pressure were measured. One of diagonal branches was then ligated, acutely. After a steady state had been reached, 30 gamma/kg or 100 gamma/kg of NTG was administered intravenously and changes in the wall thickness were measured serially. After this ligation, the wall thickness decreased rapidly and reached a plateau 90-120 min after. Following administration of 30 gamma/kg and 100 gamma/kg of NTG, both end-systolic wall thickness and maximal rate of wall thickness during systole were restored, the former 12.7 +/- 2.2 to 13.7 +/- 2.0 mm and 12.5 +/- 2.5 to 13.9 +/- 2.5 mm (p less than 0.05 in both), the latter from 37.0 +/- 16.7 to 55.0 +/- 26.5 mm/sec and 41.0 +/- 27.8 to 56.0 +/- 33.7 mm/sec (p less than 0.001 in both). Concomitant with these effects were a transient increase in coronary blood flow and a decrease in aortic pressure. These observations indicate that abnormal wall motion and performance of the left ventricle are improved with NTG administration, thus this drug should be clinically effective for treating patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6793469 TI - [Antitumor activities of bamboo leaf extracts (BLE) and its lignin (BLL)]. AB - Antitumor activity of bamboo leaf against various transplantable mouse tumor strains, such as Sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma has previously been demonstrated by Sakai et al.7) and Yammamoto et al.9). The present investigation was undertaken to determine the antitumor activities of BLE and BLL against the spontaneous tumor induced by benzopyrene (BP) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in mice and rats. The possible mechanism of antitumor action was also discussed as related to Kada's Rec-assay and Ames test in vitro. The in vivo antitumor test was performed using 16 groups of mice given the following solutions ad libitum for 120 days; Groups 1-4, 5-8, 9-12 and 13-16 were given water, 1% and 10% BLe, 0.1% BLL, and each respective group was treated with no injection (control), oil/s.c., BP 1 mg/s.c., and 4NQO 0.5 mg/s.c. Rat respective group was treated 30 days after in initiation of experiment with no injection (control), oil/s.c., BP 2.4 mg/s.c. Antitumor activities of the BLE and BLL were determined by the tumor incidence index and average weight of tumor. In vitro Rec-assay, cold incubation method, and Ames test were performed in the usual manner. Antitumor activity against BP induced tumor was the highest with 1.0% BLE (0.71 mg/ml), but no significant difference was found between the groups of the 10% BLE, 0.1% BL and control. A weak trend toward DNA damage was seen in the case of BLE, in the Rec assay. His+ revertants with S-9 mix on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 were found in the case of BLL. It was concluded that antitumor activity against BP- and 4NQO induced tumors was the highest with 1% BLE (0.71 mg/ml), and a direct action of BLE on tumor cells was indicated. PMID- 6793470 TI - Activity of beta-galactosidase in soil continuously supplemented with lactose. AB - The microflora of the chernozem soil mineralized 62% of the lactose retained on a column consisting of three 10-g layers of the soil at a daily flow of 48 mg of the sugar. Only 45% of the sugar was mineralized when the daily flow was 136 mg. The highest value of the beta-galactosidase activity in the system of heterocontinuous cultivation was two-fold with respect to batch cultivation. At a higher sugar concentration the enzyme activity in steady state was the same in the whole soil column. This value was reached first in the middle layer of the soil. At a lower concentration of the flowing sugar in steady state the highest enzyme activity was detected in the middle layer of the soil. In the upper layer the enzyme activity was one half, in the lower layer it began to decrease after reaching its maximum after 4 d of the incubation. PMID- 6793471 TI - Standardization of assay procedure and some properties of ribonuclease from Aspergillus candidus. AB - Screening of several fungal cultures resulted in the selection of an isolate of Aspergillus candidus which produced a considerable around of RNa-degrading enzyme in both surface and submerged methods of cultivation. The conditions for the assay of the RNAase were standardized at pH 4.5, 55 degrees C and using 0.25% yeast RNA as substrate. The enzyme was stable at pH 5.2. EDTA was found to activate the enzyme slightly. at temperatures 50-60 degrees C there was considerable loss in enzyme activity which was traced to the presence of a contaminating protease which presumably degraded the RNAase optimally at this temperature. The protease could be preferentially inactivated at or above 75 degrees C. The crude enzyme, in addition to RNAase was found to possess DNAase, nonspecific phosphodiesterase and 3'- and 5'-phosphomonoesterase activities. PMID- 6793473 TI - Epileptic cases of late onset with the diffuse slow spike-wave. AB - Twenty-two cases with the diffuse slow spike-wave, whose onset of clinical symptoms was at the age of seven or later, were examined. Half of them presented symptoms pertinent to the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The other half were cases of absence, psychomotor seizure or grand mal. The former group was distinguished from the latter in that it had worse prognoses concerning the seizure and intelligence, and discussions were held to see if it corresponds to the "Lennox Gastaut syndrome of late onset" (Lipinski). Atypical absence and atonic seizure were the commonest symptoms in this group, and they, preceded by other types of seizures such as grand mal, developed mostly in adolescence, and their appearance was closely followed by that of the slow spike-wave on the EEG. PMID- 6793472 TI - Electro-optical measurement of the velocity and concentration of motile microorganisms. PMID- 6793474 TI - Thoroughly modern midwives offer choice of care and cost. PMID- 6793475 TI - Health care spending- can the rate of ascent be slowed? PMID- 6793476 TI - [The eight reports of the study on yusho and PCB (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793477 TI - [Formation of polychlorinated dibenzofurans by heating polychlorinated biphenyls (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793479 TI - [Acute toxicity and inductive effect on liver enzymes of 3,4,5,3',4' pentachlorobiphenyl in guinea pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793480 TI - [Studies on the experimental PCB poisoning in rhesus and crab eating monkeys. II (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793478 TI - [Relations between lipid peroxide formation, and mixed function oxidase, glutathione peroxidase and vitamin E in the liver of rats given polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793481 TI - [Polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in human blood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793482 TI - [Relations between PCQ level and PCB pattern in the blood of yusho patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793483 TI - [Differences of residual chlorinated compounds between yusho patients and persons exposed to PCB (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793484 TI - [Chenodeoxycholic acid level in serum from patients with PCB poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793485 TI - [Study on vibratory sensation of patients with yusho (PCB poisoning) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793486 TI - [An electron microscope study on the PCB-induced ultrastructural changes of the bronchiolar epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793487 TI - [Dermatological findings and their analyses in the general examination of yusho in 1976-1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793488 TI - [Neurological studies of patients with rice oil disease 12 years after the onset (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793489 TI - [Orthopaedic symptoms and treatment of the patients with PCB poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793490 TI - [Polychlorinated biphenyls in the tarsal gland contents of yusho patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793491 TI - [Alteration in oral pigmentations of patients with yusho (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793492 TI - [Laboratory examination in PCBs poisoning patients with special reference to lipoprotein (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793493 TI - Attenuation of the ethanol-induced hepatic redox change after chronic alcohol consumption in baboons: metabolic consequences in vivo and in vitro. AB - Acute ethanol administration results in increased hepatic NADH/NAD+ ratio and inhibition of galactose elimination, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, and fatty acid oxidation. To determine how this redox change is affected by chronic alcohol consumption and to assess the resulting metabolic consequences, we studied baboons which were fed alcohol as 50% of their total calories. Redox changes were evaluated through measurement of galactose elimination in vivo and lactate/pyruvate ratios in liver slices in vitro. The metabolic consequences of these changes were assessed through measurement of CO2 production and fatty acid oxidation in liver slices and hepatic lipid accumulation. Chronic alcohol feeding resulted in attenuation of inhibition of galactose elimination, increase in the lactate/pyruvate ratio, and decrease in fatty acid oxidation which were caused by acute ethanol administration. These metabolic adaptations were associated with reduced accumulation of hepatic fat. PMID- 6793494 TI - Patterns of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal dysfunction in men with liver disease due to differing etiologies. AB - The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis was evaluated in two groups of age matched men with documented biochemical and histologic liver disease and compared to that of age-matched normal controls. Basal testosterone levels (p less than 0.05), spermatozoa concentrations (p less than 0.01), and seminal plasma volume (p less than 0.01) were reduced in the alcoholics studied with liver disease, but not the hemophiliacs with liver disease when compared to the normal controls. No difference in estradiol levels was noted between groups. Basal follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations were increased (both p less than 0.01) in the alcoholics while only LH concentrations were increased (p less than 0.01) in the hemophiliacs compared to the normal controls. Gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone and LH) and testosterone responses to clomiphene and to luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LH only) in the alcoholic population studied, further distinguished the alcoholics from the hemophiliacs and the normal controls. The basal levels of the other anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone) as well as their provocative responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone also distinguished the alcoholics from the hemophiliac population. Based upon these results, we propose that factors other than the liver disease per se are responsible for the disturbances of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function observed in men with biochemically as well as histologically advanced stable liver disease. PMID- 6793497 TI - Preliminary survey of therapists who work with chronic patients: implications for training. PMID- 6793496 TI - Choleretic effect of valproic acid in the rat. AB - Valproic acid (VPA) is an anticonvulsant agent which produced marked choleresis in the rat. Bile flow rate increased from 50 to 60 microliter per min per kg to 120 to 145 microliter per min per kg immediately after i.v. injection of VPA (37.5 to 150 mg per kg; 2 ml per kg) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The duration of maximal bile flow was dose-dependent and increased from 30 min (37.5 mg VPA per kg) to approximately 2 hr (150 mg VPA per kg). Choleresis diluted the biliary concentrations of bile acids, Cl-, cholesterol, and phospholipids. VPA did not change the bile/plasma ratio for erythritol suggesting that the increased bile flow is of canalicular origin. VPA did not influence the excretion of bile acids or their osmotic activity, whereas bile salt-independent flow doubled in rats treated with 150 mg VPA per kg. The bile/plasma, bile/liver, and liver/plasma concentration ratios for VPA were 11.7, 1.6, and 7.3, respectively. Approximately 90% of VPA appearing in bile was biotransformed, primarily as a glucuronide. Bile flow correlated with VPA excretion; 16 microliter of bile was produced per micromole VPA which suggests that choleresis is primarily due to the osmotic activity of VPA metabolites in bile. VPA enhanced the excretion of inorganic ions which may also contribute to choleresis. Biliary excretion of phenol-3,6 dibromophthalein disulfonate and ouabain was unaffected. Thus, VPA is an effective choleretic which stimulates bile salt-independent flow of canalicular origin largely as a consequence of the osmotic properties of VPA conjugates in bile. PMID- 6793495 TI - The presence of a microsomal UDP-glucuronyl transferase for bilirubin in homozygous jaundiced Gunn rats and in the Crigler-Najjar syndrome. AB - The infusion of a closely related derivative of bilirubin, its dimethyl diester (DME), into jaundiced (jj) Gunn rats were associated with biliary excretion of mono- and diglucuronides of bilirubin. In vitro incubation of DME with liver microsomes from jj rats demonstrated sequential demethylation and glucuronidation of DME. Liver microsomes from a patient with the Crigler-Najjar syndrome were unable to form glucuronides of bilirubin in vitro unless DME was used as substrate. The results suggest that the deficiency in Gunn rats and in the Crigler-Najjar syndrome may be due to a structural defect in the microsomal matrix which contains glucuronyl transferase. This interpretation envisions a microenvironment of the transferase enzyme which is either impermeable to bilirubin or induces conformational changes which interfere with glucuronidation. PMID- 6793498 TI - Sclerosing peritubular nodules: a hereditary renal abnormality in von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - A previously unrecognized type of renal lesion characterized by the formation of multiple hamartomatous sclerosing peritubular nodules in the cortex is described. These lesions were hereditary, appearing in three members of a family, which included the mother and her two sons, in association with familial central von Recklinghausen's disease (bilateral acoustic schwannomas). The nodules originated as concentric peritubular proliferations of collagen producing spindle cells, which ultrastructurally showed myofibroblastic differentiation. Four stages of nodule development leading to progressive sclerosis and tubular destruction are described. In spite of widespread involvement of the cortex with numerous nodules, in none of the three patients was there any clinical manifestation of renal dysfunction or hypertension. PMID- 6793499 TI - Subepithelial argyrophilic spicular structures in renal amyloidosis--an aid in diagnosis. Pathogenic considerations. AB - Eighteen cases of amyloidosis with renal involvement were classified utilizing clinical and laboratory data as to the most likely major amyloid fibril protein type and studied as to their histological, tinctorial, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopic features. No differences could be appreciated between the AA and AL types of amyloidosis. Immunofluorescence did not aid in the diagnosis of amyloidosis and was confusing in some cases owing to apparent absorption of serum proteins. Subepithelial spicular structures were noted in the glomerular capillary loops in 14 of 18 cases (78 per cent), and similar structures were found related to tubular epithelial cells in six of these cases and were related to the parietal epithelium of Bowman's membrane in one case. These spicular structures were a valuable aid in the diagnosis of early amyloidosis by light microscopy, but electron microscopy was essential for confirmation. We postulate that because of the intense staining quality of spicular structures using argyrophilic techniques, these spicules result from a unique interaction between amyloid fibrils and locally produced substances, most probably renal epithelial basement membrane glycoprotein. PMID- 6793500 TI - Pseudogynecomastia due to neurofibromatosis--a light microscopic and ultrastructural study. AB - A six year old boy with bilateral breast enlargement was found to have a normal endocrine status. Resected tissue revealed the features of pseudogynecomastia due to a proliferation of fibrous tissue traversed by neuroid structures. Multinucleated giant cells were present within the fibrous tissue. Ultrastructural study revealed organized nerve elements in a collagenous stroma. The multinucleated giant cells appeared to be variants of the predominant stromal fibroblasts. PMID- 6793501 TI - Morquio syndrome: clinical findings in 11 patients with MPS IVA and 2 patients with MPS IVB. PMID- 6793502 TI - Serum concentrations of vitamin D-binding protein (group-specific component) in cystic fibrosis. AB - Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) concentrations were determined in the sera of 90 cystic fibrosis homozygotes, 57 obligate heterozygotes, and 46 normal controls. Very significantly lower mean concentrations were found in the sera of CF homozygotes compared with both heterozygotes and controls (P less than 0.01, Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test). Subdivision of the samples by Gc phenotype showed that this relationship held true both in the Gc1 and Gc2-1 phenotypes. The small sample size of the Gc2 genotype makes the significance levels of limited usefulness, but the pattern of variation of DBP levels among CF homozygotes, heterozygotes, and controls was consistent with that observed for the Gc1 and Gc2 1 classes. Haptoglobin levels showed high coefficients of variation when compared among CF homozygotes, obligate heterozygotes, and controls, presumably because of nonspecific elevation in the acute-phase response. Alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were, if anything, slightly elevated in CF homozygotes compared with controls, while albumin levels showed no significant mean differences between these groups. Since the DBP concentration does not vary with age nor with levels of vitamin D and its metabolites, we interpret our results to mean that DBP levels are specifically decreased in cystic fibrosis, perhaps as the result of impaired glycosylation of the protein. PMID- 6793503 TI - Cell culture studies on neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen). I. Comparative growth experiments with fibroblasts at high and low concentrations of fetal calf serum. AB - The growth of strains of fibroblasts derived from patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) was compared with that of strains from appropriate controls in culture medium containing 1% or 15% fetal calf serum. The means of the ratios of final to initial cell numbers do not differ significantly between NF strains and control strains. Weakly significant differences are, however, obtained after conversion of the results to mean numbers of cell population doublings, the NF strains showing the higher numbers. The ratios of final to initial amounts of protein also differ significantly under both sets of growth conditions. High growth parameters occur significantly more frequently among our sample of 11 NF strains than among our sample of 13 control strains. The possibility of the expression of the NF genotype(s) on the level of the cultured fibroblast-like cells and the possible causes of the large ranges of inter- and intra-individual variations of the results are discussed. PMID- 6793504 TI - Influence of various detachment procedures on the functional state of cultured murine macrophages. AB - Macrophages were obtained from seven-day-old bone marrow liquid cultures to which a colony-stimulating factor from L-cell-conditioned medium had been added. It was found that the yield of macrophages from the bone marrow liquid culture was dependent on the type and brand of culture dishes. Highest yields were obtained in teflon membrane bag cultures. The cumulative yield after serial passage of macrophages was 700-fold of the cell input after two months. After mechanical detachment from plastic culture dishes, the survival rate of cells was related to the brand of the plastic dish. Viability also varied greatly after pretreatment of cells with scandicain (28%), proteinase K (78%), or pronase (99%). After mechanical detachment of macrophages or pretreatment with scandicain, adherence to plastic, latex phagocytosis and chemotaxis was not or only slightly impaired, whereas the same functions after protease treatment were greatly reduced or even abolished and were only recovered after another culture period. Scandicain, proteinase K, and pronase treatment was mitogenic to macrophages in contrast to mechanical detachment. Pronase treatment also induced release of plasminogen activator activity. The results demonstrate that macrophages respond extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and to various insults by changing their functional state. PMID- 6793505 TI - The effects of bovine serum albumin and the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl leucyl-phenylalanine on the adherence of guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes to nylon fiber columns. AB - Glycogen-induced guinea pig polymorphonuclear leukocytes were passed over nylon fiber columns and adherent and nonadherent fractions were quantitated by determination of hexosaminidase activity after lysis with Triton. Bovine serum albumin reduced the number of adherent cells at 37 degrees C as well as 4 degrees C, after fixation of the cells with glutaraldehyde, and in the absence and presence of EDTA. The chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine increased the adherent cell fraction at 37 degrees C, but failed to do so at 4 degrees C, after glutaraldehyde fixation and in the presence of 10 mmol/EDTA. Since metabolic inhibitors had no effect on the rate of adherence it is suggested that increased cell deformability is responsible for chemotactic factor-induced increased cell attachment to nylon fibers. PMID- 6793506 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to H-Y: characterization and mapping of Ir genes. AB - This paper examines the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to male (H Y) antigen(s). Female mice of the H-2b haplotype developed delayed footpad reaction to syngeneic or allogenic male thymus and spleen cells after priming with syngeneic male thymus and spleen cells. The reaction peaks at 24 h, has classical DTH histology and is specific to H-Y antigen as it is not elicited with female cells. Cell transfer studies show that donor/recipient matching at the I Bb subregion is necessary for successful transfer of DTH and that the effective primed population is Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, 2-. DTH response to H-Y antigen appears to be confined to mice of the H-2b haplotype. There appears to be a lack of associative recognition between H-Y antigen and MHC-coded determinants in the effector phase of DTH, and macrophage processing of H-Y seems likely, since nonresponder haplotypes can elicit the DTH response. Studies with H-2b recombinant mouse strains indicate that the dominant Ir gene is located in the I B region. Female F1 hybrid mice derived from matings of strains not involving H 2b haplotype failed to develop DTH to H-Y. In summary, these data imply that a complete correlation exists between DTH to H-Y and the ability to reject male skin graft, suggesting that the effector mechanisms of skin-graft rejection may closely involve DTH cells. PMID- 6793508 TI - Allelic polymorphism of murine IgE controlled by the seventh immunoglobulin heavy chain allotype locus. AB - Two alloantisera against hybridoma-derived IgE detected allotypic determinants expressed on the murine epsilon chain. An antiserum raised in BALB/c mice against monoclonal IgE of C57BL/6 origin reacted exclusively with IgE of strains having Igh-1b (IgG2 a) allotype. The second antiserum, C57BL/6 anti-BALB/c monoclonal IgE, reacted with IgE of strains having Igh-1a, Igh-1d, Igh-1e and Igh-1j allotypes. The genetic studies of (BALB/c x C57BL/6)F1 and backcross F2 animals indicated that the locus controlling the IgE allotype is linked to the Igh-1 locus. This was further confirmed by the possession of respective IgE allotypes by Igh-C congenic mice, BALB/c and BAB-14, C3H.SW/Hz and CWB/Hz. Thus, the allotype detected on the epsilon chain is controlled by the seventh murine immunoglobulin allotype locus, and should be designated as the Igh-7 allotype. PMID- 6793507 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to ThB detect close linkage of Ly-6 and a gene regulating ThB expression. AB - We have generated three hybridomas producing rat monoclonal antibodies to a surface antigen, ThB, that is shared by murine B lymphocytes and approximately 50 percent of murine thymocytes. These antibodies, produced by immunizations with MOPC-104E cells, appear to recognize the same antigen that was previously detected by rabbit and goat antisera to MOPC-104E cells (Yutoku et al. 1974, Yutoku et al. 1976). Using these antibodies, we have studied a genetic polymorphism that is associated with the level of ThB expression on B lymphocytes but not with the antigen's expression on thymocytes. We present evidence that this trait is controlled by one gene, Thb, which we find to be very closely linked to the gene or genes controlling the Ly-6, Ly-8, DAG, and Ala 1 antigen(s). While the latter four antigens were described as markers on mature T (or activated T and B) lymphocytes, ThB is restricted to immature thymocytes and all B cells. ThB is not expressed on kidney, although some investigators (McKenzie et al. 1977 a, Halloran et al. 1978) report Ly-6 expression on that tissue. SJL/J, C57BL/10JHz, DBA/2J, and AKR/J are among the mouse strains carrying the Thbh allele, while BALB/cN, CBA/J, C3H.SW/SnHz, and A/J carry the Thb1 allele. The ThB antigen has not yet been identified as a glycoprotein after cell-surface iodination, NP-40 solubilization, and immunoprecipitation. PMID- 6793510 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in vernal catarrh. PMID- 6793511 TI - Complement in aqueous humour and serum of rabbits and monkeys. PMID- 6793509 TI - Evaluation of bacteriological status in chronic suppurative otitis media. (100 cases). PMID- 6793512 TI - Effect of hyperosmotic agent (mannitol) on ciliary epithelium. PMID- 6793513 TI - A study of granulocyte adherence in protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6793514 TI - Experimental retrograde pyelonephritis and cystitis induced in rabbits by a group D Streptococcus sp.: serum antibody assay by a hemagglutination test. AB - Experimental models of urinary tract infection caused by a group D Streptococcus sp. in rabbits are described: retrograde pyelonephritis was induced by injecting 10(9) group D streptococci into the renal pelvis and obstructing the ureter by ligature for 24 h; cystitis was induced by injecting 5.10(9) group D streptococci through a transurethral catheter. The animals were observed for 3 months. Microbiological data from the urine and from the renal parenchyma were well correlated in 12 of 14 animals. A hemagglutination test for titration of serum antibodies in these infected rabbits is described. Before the beginning of experimentation, hemagglutination titers for all animals were below 160. During experimentation, titers for rabbits with cystitis were always below 640; in those with pyelonephritis, the highest titer was much greater than 640. These results show a positive correlation between serum antibody levels and the localization of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6793515 TI - Oral ecology and virulence of Lactobacillus casei and Streptococcus mutans in gnotobiotic rats. AB - Lactobacilli comprise a small percentage of the normal oral microbial flora of humans and are isolated commonly from saliva and frequently from an active caries lesion. We have compared the pathogenesis and colonization pattern of Lactobacillus casei with that of Streptococcus mutans strain 6715 in gnotobiotic rats. Of the two L. casei strains tested, L. casei strain ATCC 4646 caused slightly more caries than L. casei strain ATCC 11578. However, the level of caries induced by either L. casei strain was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that observed in similar-aged rats monoassociated with S. mutans strain 6715. When groups of rats were infected with mixtures of L. casei strain ATCC 4646 and S. mutans strain 6715, or with L. casei followed by S. mutans, higher numbers of L. casei than S. mutans were found associated with the tongue and in saliva; S. mutans always predominated in plaque. The level of caries observed in these groups of rats was similar to that seen with rats monoassociated with S. mutans except when L. casei comprised greater than 1% of the plaque microflora. In this latter situation, the level of caries was significantly lower (P less than or equal to 0.05) than that obtained in S. mutans-monoassociated rats. The results of this study suggest that L. casei colonizes sites in the oral cavity (including the tongue and saliva) other than the tooth surface in rats. The effect of L. casei in plaque toward reduction of S. mutans-induced dental caries in rats is discussed. PMID- 6793516 TI - Serum bacterial reaction by the alternative pathway of complement: potentiation by target multiplicity and modulation by serum factors. AB - The bactericidal reactions of normal human serum and of ethylene glycol-bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid (trisodium salt)-Mg2+-treated human serum differ in a number of aspects. The latter reaction was shown (i) to require the integrity of the alternative pathway of complement, (ii) to display two levels of efficiency depending on the concentration of target bacteria, and (iii) to be modulated by the addition of thermostable serum fractions with inhibitory and stimulatory activities. The inhibitory activities were characterized to a certain extent; they comprised several glycoprotein species of molecular weights between 60,000 and 20,000. The stimulatory activities could be measured only after depletion of the inhibitors by concanavalin A-Sepharose or heat-killed bacteria and could be fractionated into several peaks by gel filtration. PMID- 6793517 TI - In vitro cellular immune response to homologous and heterologous antigens in rabbits sensitized by five species of Mycobacterium and Nocardia asteroides. AB - Rabbits were sensitized with killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. kansasii, M. avium, M. scrofulaceum, M. fortuitum, and Nocardia asteroides, and their response to homologous and heterologous antigens was assessed in vitro by direct and indirect macrophage migration inhibition tests. The antigens were obtained by disintegration of bacterial mass and by purification of the supernatants by ultracentrifugation. In the direct test, hypersensitivity to homologous antigen was most marked with M. tuberculosis, M. kansasii, and M. avium (migration indices [MI] = 0.42 to 0.50), but was significantly weaker with organisms possessing a lower degree of pathogenic activity (MI for M. fortuitum and N. asteroides = 0.70 and 0.72, respectively). Reactivity to heterologous antigens was also highest in animals sensitized with strongly pathogenic species, approximating normal values in rabbits sensitized with weak pathogens. In the indirect test, the strongest responses were obtained again to homologous antigens (MI = 0.42 to 0.67), and they differed more markedly from reactions to heterologous antigens than in the direct test. The weakest activity of heterologous antigens was again found with M. fortuitum and N. asteroides, where MIs were 0.82 to 0.93. PMID- 6793518 TI - Immune response to parental and rough mutant strains of Salmonella minnesota. AB - Specificity of immune response to smooth and rough mutant strains of Salmonella minnesota was investigated. Immunization of mice with Rd and Re rough mutants resulted in formation of bactericidal plaque-forming cells directed against the lipopolysaccharide structure of both the mutants and the parental smooth strain. These antibody plaques, however, were not bactericidal for smooth strains of other gram-negative species, i.e., Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Plaques produced against the smooth strain of S. minnesota or other species were not bactericidal for rough strains. It was concluded that immunization with rough mutants produces bactericidal antibodies directed against the closely related parental strain but not against smooth strains of unrelated bacterial species. The relevance of these observations to the nonspecific protection by rough mutants is discussed. PMID- 6793520 TI - Oxygen: a drug. PMID- 6793519 TI - Polysaccharide of the slime glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The polysaccharide moiety was isolated by mild acid hydrolysis from the slime glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain BI. After gel filtration, the polysaccharide obtained from the Carbohydrate peak fractions was found to be lipid- and protein-free. Analyses indicated that the polysaccharide contained the carbohydrate components of the parent glycolipoprotein. Molecular size of the polysaccharide was estimated by gel filtration as 70,000 to 100,000. The polysaccharide showed no indications of toxicity in mice at doses far in excess of the lethal dose for the parent glycolipoprotein, nor did the mice develop the leukopenia that characteristically follows intraperitoneal injection of glycolipoprotein. The polysaccharide acted as an inhibitor of indirect hemagglutination of glycolipoprotein-coated erythrocytes in the presence of anti glycolipoprotein serum; however, it was not antigenic itself in rabbits. Coupled with methylated bovine serum albumin, the polysaccharide continued to lack the leukopenic and toxic properties of the parent glycolipoprotein, but the coupled polysaccharide was capable of stimulating indirect hemagglutinating antibody against both the polysaccharide and the glycolipoprotein coating erythrocytes. Moreover, the antibody to the coupled polysaccharide protected mice against challenge with lethal doses of viable P. aeruginosa with the same effectiveness as anti-glycolipoprotein serum. PMID- 6793521 TI - The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. PMID- 6793522 TI - Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation in serially cultivated strains of human epidermal keratinocytes. AB - Six strains of human epidermal keratinocytes were shown to be capable of metabolising benzo(a)pyrene (BP)for at least 40 population doublings in culture. Metabolism was independent of human or mouse fibroblast products, and also the growth rate of the epidermal cultures, at least when cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor were included in the medium. Epidermal strains metabolized and bound to their DNA more BP than human fibroblasts, and themselves exhibited a 2 to 3-fold range of inter-strain variability. Chromatographic analysis of epidermal DNA containing bound BP showed that the major metabolite which had reacted with the DNA was a 7,8 dihydrodiol - 9,10 oxide of BP (the proposed ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BP). PMID- 6793523 TI - The effect of age on the histopathogenesis of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-anthracene induced mammary tumors in the Lewis rat. AB - The influence of age at time of DMBA administration on (1) the histopathogenesis and site of mammary tumor origin and (2) the precancerous nature of DMBA-induced mammary dysplasias was examined in Lewis rats between 25 and 200 days of age. Rats were killed at various times after carcinogen treatment and the numbers of tumors and dysplasias were recorded from microscopic examination of mammary gland wholemounts. We found that, in all age-groups tested, mammary tumors always appeared to originate within mammary end-buds and terminal ductules and that terminal ductule hyperplasia appeared to be an early stage in tumor formation. Age-related differences in susceptibility to tumor development were paralleled by similar differences in susceptibility to the development of terminal ductule hyperplasias. In contrast, although age-related differences in susceptibility to the development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules were also noted, they did not correspond to those observed for tumor development. Thus, hyperplastic alveolar nodules did not appear to be a site of tumor origin in situ or directly related to tumor development. PMID- 6793524 TI - Alkaline phosphatase expression in human cell lines derived from various malignancies. AB - A search for expression of heat-stable placental-type alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has been carried out in 19 unselected human tumor cell lines, known not to be HeLa. All cell lines showed measureable ALP activity and in 15 of the lines at least low levels of a heart-stable, presumptively placental-type ALP were detected. In five of these lines where the level of this heat-stable activity was sufficient, further, investigation, (immunologic, inhibition and electrophoretic studies) demonstrated that this ALP was placental-type in its characteristics and clearly different from liver/bone/kidney or intestinal ALPs. In 10 lines the heat stable activity was too low to allow further characterization, In four lines no heat-stable activity in these various lines was liver-bone-kidney in type. This study suggests that the placental ALP locus may be expressed in at least at low levels in a much higher proportion of tumors and tumor cell lines than previously reported. The findings taken together with recent reports that low levels of placental-type ALP are present in some normal adult tissues (cervix, Goldstein et al., 1980; testis, Chang et al., 1980), indicate that so-called "ectopic" synthesis of placental ALP in tumor cells may not necessarily be due to derepression of a structural locus which is completely unexpressed in normal adult tissues. It may represent an enhancement of expression in malignancy or there may be clonal expansion of a particular cell type which normally expresses the alkaline phosphatase at a high level. PMID- 6793525 TI - Tumorigenesis of mammary gland by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene during pregnancy: relationship with DNA synthesis. AB - The relationship between mammary cell proliferation during pregnancy and susceptibility to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) was examined. DMBA was administered intravenously to Sprague-Dawley rats on the 5th, 10th or 15th day of pregnancy. [3H]thymidine labelling index (LI) of the mammary cells at the time of treatment with the carcinogen was determined and found to be higher in the pregnant rats than in age-matched virgin controls. In spite of the high proliferative index of the mammary cells, significant inhibition of tumorigenesis occurred in the pregnancy rats allowed to complete pregnancy and parturition following treatment with DMBA. However, when pregnancy was terminated by cesarian section shortly after treatment with DMBA, there was a significantly higher tumor incidence as compared to the "full-term" rats. It was observed that the earlier the pregnancy was terminated, the greater was the incidence of mammary tumors. This would indicate that the inhibitory effect of pregnancy is related to changes occurring during the later half of gestation. The differentiation of mammary cells for milk synthesis as pregnancy progresses is postulated to be a major reason for the observed refractoriness of the mammary cells to DMBA at that time. PMID- 6793527 TI - Accelerated method for comparing amino acid sequences with allowance for possible gaps. Plotting optimum correspondence paths. AB - An accelerated method is suggested which enables an effective comparison to be made of amino acid (nucleotide) sequences of great length with due regard to a large number of possible gaps. The method consists in limiting the area of complete similarity charts, calculated in accordance with the algorithm suggested by Sankoff (1972), by a certain specially selected diagonal band. The application of the Monte-Carlo method permits a statistical evaluation to be made of the certainty of the similarity of the compared sequences and to choose on such a "comparison band", an optimum "correspondence path" which can readily be transformed into sequence alignment. Using this approach, prolactin and somatotropin families of sequences were found to be homologous at a high level of significance and their optimum alignment with two gaps has been suggested. In contrast, two regions of assumed partial gene duplication in beta-galactosidase sequence, suggested by Hood et al. (1978), were found not to be statistically significantly similar. PMID- 6793526 TI - Antagonistic action of retinoic acid and teleocidin on the proliferation and epidermal growth factor binding of rat hepatoma cells. AB - Rat hepatoma cells were cultured in a medium with suboptimal concentration of fetal calf serum. In this low serum culture, retinoic acid inhibited the cell proliferation and enhanced the number of receptors for epidermal growth factor (EGF). On the contrary, teleocidin, a possible naturally occurring tumor promoter from Streptomyces, was a weak mitogen and inhibited EGF binding. A concurrent treatment of AH66 cells with these two compounds showed that they acted antagonistically. Retinoic acid inhibited the mitogenic action of teleocidin, while teleocidin suppressed the retinoic-acid enhancement of the number of EGF receptors. Retinoic acid could not prevent the alterations of the cell surface properties induced by a prolonged treatment with teleocidin. Furthermore, these two compounds appeared to be involved in the regulation of glycoprotein synthesis and the stimulation of cellular glycoprotein synthesis by retinoic acid was abolished by teleocidin. The present data suggest that retinoic acid selectively antagonizes the mitogenic action of teleocidin, and also indicate that the hepatoma cell cultures appear to prove a useful system for exploring the mechanisms of action of both retinoic acid and teleocidin. PMID- 6793528 TI - Control of complex conation and emotion in the neocortex by the limbic entorhinal, subicular, and cingulate cortices and the hypothalamus, mammillary body, and thalamus. AB - The neocortex appears to contain columnar neuron populations that function as unitary information structures. The interactions between these structures, and the sensorimotor relationships they process, are regulated by subcortical regions. The reticular formation, hypothalamus, thalamus and basal ganglia have been proposed as a hierarchical control system that regulates the processing carried out by hierarchies of the cortical information structures in basic behavioral states. The regulation is carried out by means of operations on conative information components that circulate through the subcortical neocortical system. It is proposed that in complex behavioral states, composite modalities of conative information are formed. These are processed in a complex state system that involves parts of the limbic lobe and related nuclei: the entorhinal cortex, subiculum, mammillary body, thalamus, and posterior and anterior cingulate cortices. This system can accommodate new modalities of conation, including those relating to social behavior. Genetic specification of engrams in the system provides for evolution of conative and emotional states, matching increases in sophistication of cognitive processing. PMID- 6793529 TI - [Evaluation of methods to determine the vitamin B6 status of humans. 1. alpha EGOT: methods and validation]. AB - A semiautomatic method to determine the activation coefficient of the glutamic oxaloacetic-transaminase in the erythrocytes is described. This method is compared with other methods and possible sources of error are discussed. Colorimetric methods show considerable disadvantages, such as lack of precision or unspecific hydrazone formation. The kinetic tests avoid these problems. This is in part due to the fact that enzyme stimulation by excessive PLP-addition as used in our procedure bears practical and theoretical advantages. Nevertheless, comparison with published data on vitamin B6 status remains difficult because of insufficient standardization of the used methods. To validate our method we performed experiments testing the stability of the samples, short-term physiological changes and influence of the chelating agent EDTA on transamination. Heparinised blood samples can be stored only for one day with changing at 4 degrees C or room temperature. Storing of the erythrocytic suspension at deep-freezing temperature (-18 degrees C) leads to considerable changes of results. When kept under liquid nitrogen there is no change of the alpha-values for at least 45 days. The addition of EDTA to the samples is known to exclude the influences of cations, such as non enzymatic transamination of a direct alteration of the enzyme activity and therefore EDTA should be added to improve standardisation of the method. The described procedure is a fast, reliable and precise way to determine the alpha-EGOT. PMID- 6793530 TI - Effects of [Na+], [Cl-], carbonic anhydrase, and intracellular pH on corneal endothelial bicarbonate transport. AB - Sodium removal from the solution bathing the isolated rabbit corneal endothelium caused a reduction in both unidirectional and net flux of bicarbonate, whereas chloride withdrawal from the solution had no effect on the net bicarbonate flux but increased the unidirectional fluxes. These data correlate with previously published data on the effects of similar solution manipulations on both fluid movement and potential difference across the endothelium and strongly implicate bicarbonate as the primary ion involved in the maintenance of corneal hydration. Carbonic anhydrase (1 mg/ml) added to the solution bathing both sides of the endothelium markedly increased unidirectional and net bicarbonate fluxes, possibly by maintaining a high bicarbonate/CO2 concentration close to the membrane and thereby eliminating chemical gradients in the unstirred layer adjacent to the membrane. Determinations of intracellular pH with the 5,5 dimethyl-2,4-oxazolidine-dione method indicate that at more acid ambient conditions there is a lesser gradient between cell and bathing medium for H+; similar ambient conditions in other experiments resulted in larger unidirectional bicarbonate fluxes than at neutral pH. The data are suggestive of a nonvectorial H+-HCO3- exchange occurring across the endothelial cellular membranes. PMID- 6793531 TI - Calcific pericarditis and cystic fibrosis in a 34 year old male. PMID- 6793532 TI - Long-term shunt dependence in hydrocephalic children. PMID- 6793533 TI - Disodium cromoglycate in vernal and allergic kerato-conjunctivitis. PMID- 6793534 TI - Cost-effectiveness of improved outpatient care. PMID- 6793535 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae represents one of the most common etiologic agents of lower respiratory tract disease of man. Data from a 12-yr period of surveillance in Seattle, WA, USA, revealed that infection rates varied from 2% in endemic years to 35% in epidemic periods (J Infect Dis 139: 681, 1979). Most persons with M. pneumoniae infections have a relatively mild disease, which is not usually accompanied by frequent complications. Atypical pneumonia caused by the organisms is most prevalent in school-age children, with peak occurrence at about 10 years old. In this group, 13 to 18% of those infected develop pneumonia. Clinical disease is uncommon below 4 and above 50 years of age. M. pneumoniae infections probably occur throughout the world. It has been estimated that approximately 50% of the infections in adults but only 20% in children are completely asymptomatic. The usual clinical picture of atypical pneumonia and the wide range of unusual manifestations of M. pneumoniae disease are presented. Except for a few single case reports, histopathology of M. pneumoniae disease has been extensively studied after experimental infection of hamsters and guinea pigs. These animal models had to be developed because of the benign course of most M. Pneumoniae diseases in man. Due to this limited information on the pathology of natural disease, comments on its pathogenesis are also based on findings using experimental models. Infection is established by attachment of the organisms to the surface membrane of ciliated epithelial cells. Antigenic similarities between the glycolipids of M. pneumoniae membranes and host tissue, unspecific blastogenesis and immunosuppression during infection have been described. These phenomena may explain a decreased protective immune mechanism of the host during infection. Several as yet unexplained features of M. pneumoniae disease support the hypothesis that lung infiltrates in M. pneumoniae infection may be, in part, immunologically determined in a host sensitized by one or more silent infections. PMID- 6793536 TI - Mycoplasma-lymphocyte interactions: Ir gene control of mitogenesis and a paradoxical interaction with thy-1 bearing cells. AB - A novel interaction occurs between mycoplasmas and lymphocytes whereby the mycoplasmas behave as multivalent ligands and, following attachment to the lymphocyte plasma membrane, redistribute to one pole of the cell. This mycoplasma capping event is accompanied by co-capping of certain specific lymphocyte surface antigens. Mycoplasma capping occurs on both lymphoblastoid cells and resting lymphocytes. There is a high degree of correlation between mycoplasma capping on resting (splenic) lymphocytes and blast transformation of these cells. This appears to be a general phenomenon, and many different mycoplasma species are mitogenic for lymphocytes from a number of animal species, including human. In the mouse, mycoplasma-induced triggering does not appear to be influenced by H-2 differences and the primary lymphocyte triggered is the B cell. In other animal species T cells or B and T cells are stimulated. The importance of these interactions with reference to mycoplasma pathogenesis will be discussed. PMID- 6793537 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections. AB - A culture medium developed for newly isolated plant and insect mycoplasmas (spiroplasmas) has markedly improved the recovery of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from human clinical materials. This medium (SP-4), in combination with a direct fluorescent antibody test, can improve the recovery and identification of the organism by 30 to 40% over conventional culture procedures. Although these improvements in isolation of the organism may lead to new information on the epidemiology of the disease, the most organism may lead to new information on the epidemiology of the disease, the most rapid diagnosis of clinical M. pneumoniae infections in man is still dependent upon accurate measurement of antibody rises in response to the organism. Recent reports of a number of new serological techniques suggest that further improvements in the serological diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infections are possible. PMID- 6793538 TI - Protective efficacy of Mycoplasma pneumoniae polysaccharides. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounts for up to 35% of all pneumonias at times when influenza epidemics are not prevalent. Therefore, considerable efforts have been directed towards the developmemt of a vaccine against mycoplasmal respiratory tract disease. The protective efficacy of inactivated M. pneumoniae vaccine, prepared so far, did not exceed 67%. This incomplete protective effect may have been due to insufficient immunogenicity and/or to failure of vaccines administered by the parenteral route to stimulate local immune mechanisms on the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract. Intranasal inoculation of attenuated strains, either of high passage level on artificial medium or temperature sensitive mutants, were therefore tested as vaccine candidates for M. pneumoniae disease, but the attenuation for man, achieved so far, was not sufficient. Therefore, the successful development of polysaccharide vaccines for pneumococcal and meningococcal diseases stimulated a study on similar approaches for the development of the prophylaxis for mycoplasma pneumonia. The immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of M. pneumoniae polysaccharides and glycolipids were investigated in hamsters. Staphylococcal radioimmunoassay antibodies could be detected in the sera of the animals after intramuscular injection of M. pneumoniae polysaccharides. A significant reduction in the lung lesion score and in the number of viable organisms in the lung was observed in animals immunized with polysaccharides by the intramuscular or intranasal route, 10 d after challenge with virulent organisms. A protective effect was not seen in animals previously immunized with reaggregates of M. pneumoniae glycolipids and membrane protein of Acholeplasma laidlawii, although serum antibodies could be detected prior to challenge. The results encourage the continuation of experiments on polysaccharides as vaccines against mycoplasmal pneumonia. PMID- 6793539 TI - Hamster challenge potency assay for evaluation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccines. PMID- 6793540 TI - Presence of inhibin in testes of the Indian water buffalo Bubalus bubalis. AB - Isolation, purification and characterization of inhibin from the testes of the Indian buffalo Bubalus bubalis is described. The biological activity of the final product, which produced a single band on disc gel electrophoresis, was affected by heat treatment, 6 m urea, pH alteration and pepsin digestion. Chemically, it appeared to be a glycoprotein. The protein and carbohydrate components together accounted for a total of 63% of the dry weight, whereas 37% of the constituents were unknown. PMID- 6793541 TI - Postnatal development of trypsin-like esteroproteases in mouse submandibular gland. AB - The development of trypsin-like esteroproteases in the submandibular gland of mice was studied, using a newly synthesized naphthyl ester (tosyl-L-lysine alpha naphthyl ester) for the preparation of zymograms and for histochemical demonstration of the enzyme. Esteroprotease activities were first detected spectrophotometrically on day 15 after birth; then increased markedly after day 20. A sex difference in esteroprotease activity appeared on day 25. Zymograms prepared after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide slab gels showed that the glands of neonatal mice contained esteroproteases with a rather different composition from that of adult mice. The adult type isozymes appeared first on day 15, and their activities increased markedly after day 20. Histochemical studies revealed that the isozymes of neonatal mice were derived from mast cells. A few striated ducts were first stained on day 15, and the sex difference of the granular tubules became obvious on day 25. These results indicate that the development of trypsin-like esteroproteases faithfully reflects the differentiation of granular tubules in the mouse submandibular gland, except in the neonatal period. PMID- 6793542 TI - Nasopharyngeal cancer: study II. PMID- 6793543 TI - Carcinoma of the maxillary antrum: surgery of radiation therapy? PMID- 6793544 TI - The physicist in cancer treatment and detection. PMID- 6793545 TI - Computerized tomography scanning and the planning of high-dose radiotherapy for pleural mesothelioma: a report of five patients. PMID- 6793546 TI - Interstitial hyperthermia and interstitial iridium 192 implantation: a technique and preliminary results. PMID- 6793547 TI - Use of variable thickness bolus to control electron beam penetration in chest wall irradiation. PMID- 6793549 TI - Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin in corn dust. AB - Methods adopted by the AOAC and the American Association of Cereal Chemists for determining aflatoxin in corn were modified, and techniques were developed for application to samples of less than 1 to 10 g instead of the specified 50 g samples. Analysis included chloroform extraction of dust samples or dust collected from glass fiber filters, purification of extracts on a silica gel column of appropriate size, and measurement of aflatoxin by either 1- or 2 dimensional thin layer chromatography (TLC). The solvent for 1-dimensional TLC was chloroform-acetone-water (91 + 9 + 1). Solvents for 2-dimensional TLC were, first direction, ether-methanol-water (95 + 4 + 1, lined tank) and second direction, chloroform-acetone-water (91 + 9 + 1, unlined tank), or first direction, chloroform-acetone-water (91 + 9 + 1, unlined tank) and second direction, toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (60 + 30 + 10, unlined tank). When samples weighed less than or equal to 0.1 g, the entire concentrated extract was applied to the TLC plate. About 0.5-1.0 ng aflatoxin B1 could be detected on the plate, making the limit of detection about 9 ng/g for 0.1 g samples. PMID- 6793548 TI - Measurement and calculation of ovary and fetus dose in extended field radiotherapy for 10 MV x rays. PMID- 6793550 TI - Rapid screening method for aflatoxin M1 in milk. AB - A rapid screening method for detecting aflatoxin M1 in milk has been developed, based on minicolumn chromatography and requiring 8-10 min for each test. The minicolumn is packed with dry Florisil (100-200 mesh) on the bottom, anhydrous Na2SO4 as the next layer, topped with neutral alumina (70-200 mesh) to which 8% water (wet basis) has been added. A blue fluorescent band at the Florisil-Na2SO4 interface indicates the presence of aflatoxin M1. The limit of detection is estimated to be about 0.2 microgram/kb. Because several items are disposable, both the time to maintain glassware and the cost per determination are reduced. PMID- 6793551 TI - Determination of aflatoxin B1 in corn, wheat, and peanut butter by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - Determinations of aflatoxin B1 in corn, wheat, and peanut butter by an enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) were compared. Samples spiked with 2.9-43.2 ppb B1 were subjected to AOAC extraction procedure 26.017 or 26.023. The extracts were concentrated, redissolved in methanol, diluted in phosphate-buffered saline with Tween 20, and directly analyzed for B1 by either ELISA or RIA. At 5.8 ppb or greater, recoveries for B1 in corn, wheat, and peanut butter samples were 80.0, 86.6, and 94.8% by ELISA and 61.0, 93.3, and 110.0% by RIA, respectively. Recoveries greater than 120% were obtained for the wheat and peanut butter samples spiked with 2.9 ppb aflatoxin B1 by the RIA method but not by ELISA. Overall results indicated that ELISA gave more consistent data, relatively lower standard deviations, and lower coefficients of variation than did RIA. Analysis of 3 samples naturally contaminated with aflatoxins revealed that the ELISA data were comparable to those obtained by other established chemical methods. PMID- 6793552 TI - Improved fluorometric-iodine method for determination of aflatoxin in corn. AB - Several innovations in the fluorometric-iodine (FL-I) method for determining aflatoxin in corn made the procedure faster and more convenient than the original method. Ground corn was packed into a chromatographic column and the aflatoxins were extracted with methylene chloride. Sep-Pak C18 cartridges were used for sample cleanup. A 5 min thin layer chromatographic slide analysis confirmed the presence of aflatoxin, which was quantitated by fluorometric determinations of the iodine derivative of aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6793553 TI - Levels of H+ and other monovalent cations in dormant and germinating spores of Bacillus megaterium. AB - Previous investigators using the extent of uptake of the weak base methylamine to measure internal pH have shown that the pH in the core region of dormant spores of Bacillus megaterium is 6.3 to 6.5. Elevation of the internal pH of spores by 1.6 U had no significant effect on their degree of dormancy or their heat or ultraviolet light resistance. Surprisingly, the rate of methylamine uptake into dormant spores was slow (time for half-maximal uptake, 2.5 h at 24 degrees C). Most of the methylamine taken up by dormant spores was rapidly (time for half maximal uptake, less than 3 min) released during spore germination as the internal pH of spores rose to approximately 7.5. This rise in internal spore pH took place before dipicolinic acid release, was not abolished by inhibition of energy metabolism, and during germination at pH 8.0 was accompanied by a decrease in the pH of the germination medium. Also accompanying the rise in internal spore pH during germination was the release of greater than 80% of the spores K+ and Na+. The K+ was subsequently reabsorbed in an energy-dependent process. These data indicate (i) that between pH 6.2 and 7.8 internal spore pH has little effect on dormant spore properties, (ii) that there is a strong permeability barrier in dormant spores to movement of charged molecules and small uncharged molecules, and (iii) that extremely early in spore germination this permeability barrier is breached, allowing rapid release of internal monovalent cations (H+, Na+, and K+). PMID- 6793555 TI - Gliding motility in Aphanothece halophytica: analysis of wall proteins in mot mutants. AB - The unicellular cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica (PCC 7418) is motile, and spontaneous nonmotile (mot) mutants accumulate when the organism is subcultured. Analysis of mot mutants suggests that a glycoprotein in the cell wall is involved in the motility mechanism. Proteins from the wall fraction of the wild type and five mot clones were analyzed by gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Four clones were similar to the wild type, and one clone, mot-3, was missing a high-molecular-weight protein (approximately 200,000) and had at least one new polypeptide (160,000). The high-molecular-weight protein stained with periodic acid-Schiff reagent, suggesting that it was a glycoprotein. The absence of the protein in mot-3 did not affect the mechanical strength of the wall, since both mot-3 and wild-type cells were broken at the same rate by controlled cavitation. Several other cyanobacteria were also screened for the presence of glycoproteins. All motile strains have such proteins, although none had an apparent molecular weight as high as that in Aphanothece sp. Some motile strains, such as Oscillatoria limnetica and Phormidium sp., showed very large amounts of glycoproteins; whereas some nonmotile strains, such as Synechococcus sp. (UTEX 625) and Microcystis sp. (PCC 7820), showed no high-molecular-weight glycoproteins. PMID- 6793554 TI - Exogenous induction of the Escherichia coli hexose phosphate transport system defined by uhp-lac operon fusions. AB - The uhp-coded hexose phosphate transport system of Escherichia coli is normally induced by the presence of extracellular glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), whereas internally generated G6P does not provide a regulatory signal. Strains carrying uhp-lac operon fusions in which lac operon expression is under the control of the uhpT promoter were isolated. The direction of transcription of the uhp T gene was found to be counterclockwise on the E. coli chromosome map. The effects of added sugar phosphates on induction of beta-galactosidase and G6P uptake activities were compared in two fusion-carrying strains differing only in the presence of functional Uhp+ activity. Induction of uhp expression by G6P was equally effective in the two strains; accumulation of G6P diminished its ability to serve as an inducer. Mannose-6-phosphate was an effective competitive inhibitor of G6P uptake, but did not inhibit induction by G6P of uhp expression. No sugar phosphates were found that inhibited induction by G6P. Inorganic phosphate competitively inhibited induction by G6P whether G6P transport activity was present or not. Thus, the transport activity is not involved in the regulation of its synthesis, and these results strongly support the view that the uhp regulatory system senses only the external environment. PMID- 6793556 TI - Identification of a new developmental locus in Bacillus subtilis by construction of a deletion mutation in a cloned gene under sporulation control. AB - We removed by recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) techniques a small DNA segment from within a cloned gene (the 0.4 kb gene) in which transcription in under sporulation control in Bacillus subtilis. These deletion mutation was introduced into the B. subtilis chromosome by transformation with cloned DNA. Competent cells bearing a mutation (tms-26) that is closely linked to the 0.4 kb gene were transformed with linearized plasmid DNA containing the truncated 0.4 kb gene and the wild-type allele of the tms locus. Selection for Tms+ transformants yielded oligosporogenous mutants of unusually dark-brown colony pigmentation. This phenotype was caused by a mutation which mapped at or very near the site of the 0.4 kg gene deletion, whose presence and position in chromosomal DNA was confirmed by Southern hybridization analysis. Phase-contrast microscopy and electron microscopy showed that the mutation, which we designated as spoVG, impaired sporulation at about the fifth stage; bacteria harboring the spoVG mutation proceeded normally through stage IV of development but frequently lysed thereafter, apparently as a result of disintegration of an immature spore cortex. This identifies the 0.4 kb gene (or DNA in its immediate vicinity) as a new sporulation locus and shows that its product functions at a late stage in development. PMID- 6793557 TI - Multiple nutritional requirements of lactobacilli: genetic lesions affecting amino acid biosynthetic pathways. AB - Genetic lesions responsible for amino acid requirements in several species of multiple auxotrophic lactobacilli were investigated. Systematic attempts were made to isolate mutants that could grow in the absence of each of the amino acids required by the parental strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. casei, L. helveticus, and L. acidophilus. After treatment with appropriate mutagens, such mutants could be obtained with respect to many but not all required amino acids. Successful isolation of mutants for a given amino acid means that a minor genetic lesion reparable by single-step mutations affects its biosynthesis; a failure to isolate mutants suggests the involvement of more extensive lesions. Analysis of these results as well as the specific requirements exhibited by the parental strains revealed certain regularities; some of the biosynthetic pathways for individual amino acids were virtually unaffected by more extensive lesions in at least species tested, whereas others were affected by more extensive lesions in at least some species. Both the number and the kind of pathways affected by extensive lesions differed appreciably among different species. Furthermore, the growth response of the parental strains to some putative amino acid precursors revealed a clear correlation between the extent of genetic lesions and the occurrence and location of a genetic block(s) for a given pathway. These findings are discussed in relation to the phylogeny, ecology, and evolution of lactic acid bacteria. PMID- 6793559 TI - Hyperventilation as a variant of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Respiratory dyskinesia, a variant of tardive dyskinesia, may mimic chronic psychogenic hyperventilation syndrome, hence pseudopsychogenic hyperventilation. Respiratory alkalosis and sympathetic discharge may occur in both conditions. Neurological symptoms, dyspnea, chest pain, muscle spasms may also occur. Ventilation increases with stress and disappears with sleep in both conditions. However, respiratory dyskinesia has been seen in association with other choreiform movement disorders. Speech is interrupted by breathing and breathing is interrupted by grunts and groans. Respiratory dyskinesia is under partial voluntary control and is not due to a "psychological problems." PMID- 6793558 TI - Distribution of bacteriophage phi 3T homologous deoxyribonucleic acid sequences in Bacillus subtilis 168, related bacteriophages, and other Bacillus species. AB - The Bacillus subtilis 168 chromosome was found to share extensive homology with the genome of bacteriophage phi 3T. At least three different regions of the bacterial genome hydridized to ribonucleic acid complementary to phi 3T deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The thymidylate synthetase gene, thyA, of B. subtilis and the sequences adjacent to it were shown to be homologous to the region in the phi 3T DNA containing the phage-encoded thymidylate synthetase gene, thyP3. SP beta, a temperate bacteriophage known to be integrated into the B. subtilis 168 chromosome, was demonstrated to be closely related to phi 3T. Other regions of the bacterial genome were also found to hybridize to the phi 3T probe. The nature and location of these sequences in the bacterial and phage chromosomes were not identified. It was shown however, that they were not homologous to either the thyP3 gene or the DNA surrounding the thyP3 gene. The chromosomes of other Bacillus species were also screened for the presence of phi 3T homologous sequences, and the thyP3 gene was localized in the linear genomes of phages phi 3T and rho 11 by heteroduplex mapping. It is suggested that the presence of sequences of phage origin in the B. subtilis 168 chromosome might contribute to the restructuring and evolution of the viral and bacterial DNAs. PMID- 6793560 TI - Necessity of detergent for efficient puromycin-mediated release of nascent peptides from rat liver ribosomes. AB - Puromycin-mediated in vitro release of nascent peptides from rat liver ribosomes was significantly stimulated by the presence of low concentrations of a detergent, and the stimulation was much more marked with bound ribosomes than with free ribosomes. The release of nascent peptides from ribosomes could be carried out in two steps, first with puromycin in the absence of a detergent and then with a detergent, to give two separate nascent peptide fractions S1 and S2, respectively. Although S1 and S2 fractions were not significantly different in hydrophobicity and in the size of the puromycin-conjugated peptides when examined by alkyl-Sepharose column chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the fractionation of the released peptides by immunoprecipitation showed significant difference in the distribution of the nascent peptides of two specific proteins, serum albumin and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, between these two fractions. The nascent peptides of serum albumin were found mainly in fraction S1 obtained from bound ribosomes. On the other hand, a larger portion of the nascent peptides of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was detected in fraction S2 from free ribosomes than in other fractions. The presence of a detergent is indispensable for efficient in vitro release of nascent peptides from ribosomes by puromycin and this finding may be important in studying the synthesis of specific proteins in mammalian cells. PMID- 6793561 TI - Formation of omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxyfatty acids and plausible formation of ketofatty acid from microsomal phospholipids. AB - Rat liver microsomes labeled with spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine release the label into the aqueous phase during the aerobic incubation with NADPH (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1979) 87, 300-307). To establish the chemical nature of the released moiety, microsomes were labeled with [14C]phosphatidylcholine. When the 14C-labeled microsomes were incubated with NADPH under aerobic conditions, a few percent of the radioactivity was liberated into the aqueous phase within 60 min. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis of the radioactive substance liberated showed the presence of hydroxylated fatty acids derived from the 2-position of glycerol moiety. About one-third of the fatty acids formed from [14C]phosphatidylcholine during the incubation were converted into hydroxy derivatives. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis further confirmed an NADPH-dependent formation of 16-hydroxypalmitic acid, 15-hydroxypalmitic acid, and hydroxy-derivatives of other fatty acids from the phospholipids of the microsomal membrane. Evidence was also obtained indicating the formation of ketopalmitic acid. PMID- 6793562 TI - Purification and properties of RNA polymerases from mother cells and forespores of sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Bacillus subtilis sporulating cells at stage III were fractionated into mother cell and forespore fractions by means of a lysozyme-detergent method. Three forms of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzymes, termed M sigma, F sigma, and F delta, in addition to core enzyme (alpha 2, beta', and beta) have been purified from the cell fractions. Enzymes M sigma and F sigma are present in the mother cell and forespore, respectively, and contain sigma factor of 55,000 daltons in addition to the core subunits. On the other hand, enzyme F delta is present specifically in the forespore and contains delta 1 factor of 28,000 daltons instead of the sigma factor. The amount of RNA polymerase in the forespore is about twice that in the mother cell. The enzymes M sigma and F sigma also differed in their elution profiled from DEAE-cellulose columns and in their heat stabilities indicating that the two sigma-containing holoenzyme forms may be different in their structural properties. The enzyme F delta transcribed B. subtilis DNA about 1.6 times more actively than enzyme F sigma, and the enzymes M sigma and F sigma transcribed the DNA about 2.2 times more actively than did core enzyme. PMID- 6793563 TI - Comparative study of F-type pyocins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAF41 was found to produce a new F-type pyocin, pyocin F3, the action spectrum of which was different from those of previously reported pyocins F1 and F2. These three F-type pyocins were compared with respect to their structure and biological properties. These pyocins were almost the same with regard to the structure and the dimensions, and have similar amino acid compositions and S values. The particle weights of these pyocins were also suggested to be similar. Analyses of subunit proteins by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis showed that these pyocins were composed of 5 major (bands 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6) and 2 minor (bands 5 and 7) subunit proteins and that no difference in the mobilities of these subunit proteins could be detected among the pyocins except that of the second major subunit protein (band 4), which did differ. Pyocins F1, F2, and F3 were immunologically cross-reactive, and carried common antigens as well as specific ones. It was shown that band 6 was a common antigen among the three pyocins and that band 4 was antigenically different in pyocins F1 and F3 by immunological reaction after protein blotting. Electron microscopic observation of pyocin particles treated with anti-sera revealed that the common antigens were located on the rod part and the specific ones were on the fiber part. Pyocin F3 was neutralized by both anti-F3 and anti-F1 sera showing apparent first order rate kinetics, whereas the neutralization for pyocin F1 by these sera did not show such kinetics, but a considerable increment of pyocin F1 activity was observed when small amounts of the sera were added. The increment seemed to be due to the antibodies common to pyocins F1, F2, and F3. A phage, which had a flexuous rod-like tail, was found to be immunologically cross reactive with the three pyocins and was named KF1. PMID- 6793564 TI - Ferredoxin excreted from photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodospirillum rubrum: purification and properties. AB - When the photoheterotroph, Rhodospirillum rubrum, was grown in the light, ferredoxin was excreted from the cells in a significant amount, as well as hydrogenase. The extracellular ferredoxin was purified to a homogeneous state. The molecular weight was approximately 9,000, and the oxidation-reduction mid potential was -0.29 V (N=1) at pH 7.0 and 25 degrees C. The amino acid composition was different from those of the intracellular ferredoxins, which were already known. The contents of non-heme iron and acid-labile sulfur were 10.6 and 7.9 mol/mol protein, respectively. The extracellular hydrogenase catalyzed the evolution of hydrogen gas from the ferredoxin in the reduced form. The Km for the ferredoxin was 4.1 micro M, one-seven hundredth as low as that for methyl viologen. There is a possibility that hydrogenase here were functional for evolution of hydrogen gas outside the cells. PMID- 6793565 TI - Induction of epidermal growth factor by tri-iodo-L-thyronine in the submandibular glands of mice with testicular feminization. AB - The content of epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a high molecular weight complex (HMW-EGF) in the submandibular glands of mice was measured simply by a single radial immunodiffusion method. In female mice, the amount of HMW-EGF was increased 10-fold by tri-iodo-L-thyronine (T3) and 60-fold by 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT). In mice with testicular feminization (Tfm), which are genetically deficient in androgen receptor, T3 but not 5 alpha-DHT increased the HMW-EGF from a non-detectable level to 5.4 +/- 0.94 micrograms/mg protein. It was concluded that EGF is also synthesized under the control of thyroid hormone in vivo, and that androgen was not involved in this induction of EGF by thyroid hormone. PMID- 6793566 TI - Beta-galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency: restoration of beta-galactosidase activity by protease inhibitors. AB - Beta-Galactosidase was partially restored by protease inhibitors, leupeptin, chymostatin and E-64 in cultured fibroblasts from three patients with beta galactosidase-neuraminidase deficiency. Pepstatin did not activate this enzyme. Neuraminidase was not affected by any of these compounds in the culture medium. It was concluded that the activating effect was produced by a specific inhibition of thiol proteases. PMID- 6793567 TI - Suppression of calcium-induced removal of the Z-line by a thiol-protease inhibitor, E-64-c. AB - A new thiol-protease inhibitor, E-64-c (N-[N-(L-3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)-L leucyl]-isoamylamine), specifically suppressed the disappearance of the Z-line terminal by calcium in rat soleus muscle. This results suggests that calcium activated neutral protease (CANP) may be involved in such calcium-mediated degeneration of myofilaments. PMID- 6793568 TI - Differing requirements for glycosylation in the secretion of related glycoproteins is determined neither by the producing cell nor by the relative number of oligosaccharide units. AB - Previous reports, using a variety of myeloma cell lines and activated normal B cells, have shown that different classes of immunoglobulins have different carbohydrate requirements for secretion. Thus, secretion of IgM and IgE was almost totally blocked by the antibiotic tunicamycin, secretion of IgA was partially inhibited, and secretion of IgG was essentially unaffected (Hickman, S., Kulczycki, A., Jr., Lynch, R. G., and Kornfeld, S. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 4402-4408; Hickman S., (1978) J. Immunol. 121, 990-996). Here, similar experiments using hybridoma cell lines secreting IgM and IgG or IgD are reported. Tunicamycin prevented the majority of IgM secretion but did not affect IgG secretion in cells producing both isotypes. This shows that the differential effects of tunicamycin on IgM and IgG secretion are due to factors intrinsic to the respective heavy chain polypeptides themselves, rather than to other properties of the producing cells. The secretion of IgD, which is as heavily glycosylated as IgM, was not inhibited by tunicamycin. Thus, the simple degree of immunoglobulin heavy chain glycosylation does not determine the extent of the requirement for glycosylation in the secretion of that isotype. PMID- 6793569 TI - Regulation of ribosomal RNA and proteins in mouse-hamster hybrid cells. PMID- 6793570 TI - Inhibition by cupric ions of 18O exchange catalyzed by human carbonic anhydrase II. Relation to the interaction between carbonic anhydrase and hemoglobin. PMID- 6793571 TI - The amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of allophycocyanin. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the beta subunit of Anabaena variabilis allophycocyanin is: H2N-Ala-Gln-Asp-Ala-Ile-Thr-Ala-Val-Ile-Asn-Ser-Ala-Asp-Val Gln-Gly-Lys-Tyr-Leu-Asp-Thr-Ala-Ala-Leu-Glu-Lys-Leu-Lys-Ala-Tyr-Phe-Ser-Thr-Gly Glu-Leu-Arg-Val-Arg-Ala-Ala-Thr-Thr-Ile-Ser-Ala-Asn-Ala-Ala-Ala-Ile-Val-Lys-Glu Ala-Val-Ala-Lys-Ser-Leu-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Asp-Ile-Thr-Arg-Pro-Gly-Gly-Asn-Met-Tyr-Thr Thr-Arg-Arg-Tyr-Ala-Ala-Cys-Ile-Arg-Asp-Leu-Asp-Tyr-Tyr-Leu-Arg-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Tyr Ala-Met-Leu-Ala-Gly-Asp-Pro-Ser-Ile-Leu-Asp-Glu-Arg-Val-Leu-Asn-Gly-Leu-Lys-Glu Thr-Tyr-Asn-Ser-Leu-Gly-Val-Pro-Val-Gly-Ala-Thr-Val-Gln-Ala-Ile-Gln-Ala-Ile-Lys Glu-Val-Thr-Ala-Ser-Leu-Val-Gly-Ala-Asp-Ala-Gly-Lys-Glu-Met-Gly-Ile-Tyr-Leu-Asp Tyr-Ile-Ser-Ser-Gly-Leu-Ser-COOH Phycocyanobilin is attached though a thioether linkage to cysteinyl residue 81, indicated by an asterisk. Comparison of this sequence with those of C-phycocyanins shows that there are 60 identities between corresponding subunits of these two biliproteins. Of the region between residues 79 and 120, 29 residues are identical in the beta subunits of allophycocyanin and phycocyanin. The character of all 10 charged residues in this region of the beta subunit sequences is completely conserved. PMID- 6793572 TI - Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase from rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Partial purification and properties. AB - Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase was purified from rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The enzyme was recovered in the cytosol fraction after sonication and purified about 250-fold by acetone precipitation, column chromatography on CM52, Sephadex G-150, and hydroxyapatite. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE), which then decomposed to a mixture of 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), 15-keto-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid, 13 hydroxy-14,15-epoxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, and 11,14,15-trihydroxy-5,8,12 eicosatrienoic acid. The enzyme was specific for oxygenation at carbon 15 of arachidonic acid. The apparent molecular weight of the enzyme was about 61,000 as measured by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme was sensitive to sulfhydryl-blocking reagents such as p-chloromercuribenzoic acid. The enzyme activity was inhibited by eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA) or 3-amino-1-(m (trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)2-pyrazoline (BW755C), but not by indomethacin up to 200 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6793573 TI - In vivo effect of cholesterol feeding on the short term regulation of hepatic hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase during the diurnal cycle. AB - Light-dark-cycled rats were fed a 3% cholesterol-supplemented diet at the beginning of the dark phase. Cholesterol-fed and control animals were taken at intervals throughout the following 12 h and the microsomal and solubilized hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase was isolated. Immunotitrations of this microsomal and solubilized enzyme were performed with a monospecific antibody to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. In contrast to the specific activity of the enzyme, which differs extremely during the diurnal cycle, the immunotitrations obtained from cholesterol-fed and control animals, yielded in identical antisera equivalence points. On the other hand, when the enzyme was phosphorylated in vitro, the antisera equivalence points corresponded to the alterations of the specific activity. In contrast to the results published by Higgins and Rudney ((1973) Nature New Biol. 246, 60-61), our data prove that even the in vivo short term changes in enzyme activity are due to changes in the quantity of enzyme rather than to a modulation of the catalytic activity. PMID- 6793574 TI - Endogenous localization of UDP-galactose:asialomucin galactosyltransferase activity in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. PMID- 6793575 TI - Glycosphingolipid-high density lipoprotein-3 interactions. I. Transfer of glycosphingolipid from phosphatidylcholine vesicles to high density lipoprotein 3. AB - Single bilayer vesicles (d less than 1.02 g/ml) of 3H-glycosphingolipids and [14C]phosphatidylcholine in the molar ratio of 1:7 were prepared by ethanolic injection of the lipid mixture into buffer, concentrated, and incubated with human serum high density lipoprotein-3 (HDL3; d = .14 g/ml) at 37 degrees C. Equilibrium ultracentrifugation of the incubation mixtures on a 0-22% NaBr gradient revealed the presence of three discrete lipid-protein complexes of density 1.03, 1.06, and 1.12 g/ml (Peaks I, II, and III, respectively). Each peak was homogeneous upon reultracentrifugation and the protein and radioactivity eluted as a single peak upon Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. Compositional analysis showed peak I to contain 2.6% protein (apo-A-I peptide) and 4.3% cholesterol, peak II to contain 17.6% protein (apo-A-I peptide) and 6.3% cholesterol, and peak III to have a composition similar to HDL3. Electron microscopy of negatively stained samples confirmed the homogeneity of the peaks and the similarity between peak III and HDL3. Peak II particles were larger than HDL3; peak I particles resembled fused or aggregated vesicles which could be removed by ultracentrifugation; disc-shaped particles were not seen in any of the fractions. Direct incubation of HDL3 or human serum with 3H-glycosphingolipid dispersions did not yield a glycolipid . HDL3 complex as judged by density gradient ultracentrifugation and Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. However, incubation of 3H-glycolipid/phosphatidylcholine vesicles with serum did result in transfer of 3H-glycolipid to the HDL fraction. It was concluded that glycolipids incorporated into a lipid membrane structure can interact with, and become incorporated into, high density lipoprotein. PMID- 6793576 TI - Specific nicking of DNA at apurinic sites by peptides containing aromatic residues. AB - Tripeptides containing aromatic residues between basic ones, such as Lys-Trp-Lys and Lys-Tyr-Lys can nick supercoiled or relaxed DNAs containing apurinic/apyrimidinic sites (AP-sites). The nicking, which is ionic strength dependent, occurs at AP-sites, since native PM2 DNA is not hydrolyzed. The nicking activity of the tripeptides at AP-sites occurs in total darkness. An activation energy of 21 +/- 2 kcal . mol-1 has been calculated for the incision of PM2 DNA by Lys-Trp-Lys. Tripeptides without aromatic residues, such as Lys-Ala Lys-O-Methyl and Lys-Lys-Lys, can nick apurinic DNA, although with a much lower efficiency. Relaxed depurinated PM2 DNA is a poor substrate for the tripeptide, indicating that single-stranded regions are better recognition sites. The nicking of the DNA backbone probably occurs by beta elimination, since reduced AP-sites do not act as substrate. The termini generated are 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphoryl. PMID- 6793577 TI - Regional synthesis of monohydroxy eicosanoids by the kidney. AB - Arachidonic acid was incubated with 10,000 X g and 100,000 X g supernatants prepared from the medullae of hydronephrotic, normal, and contralateral rabbit kidneys. Metabolites whose production was calcium dependent but not inhibited by indomethacin were identified by thin layer chromatography. Preparative separation was carried out by silicic acid high pressure liquid chromatography. The methyl ester trimethylsilyl derivatives were prepared and examined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The mass spectra matched previously published mass spectra for 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid. The renal cortex does not metabolize arachidonic acid through the lipoxygenase pathway. Thus, there is regional metabolism of arachidonate to monohydroxy eicosanoids in the kidney. PMID- 6793578 TI - The isolation and identification of an intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of drosopterin in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A compound that is involved in the biosynthesis of the drosopterin eye pigments has been isolated from the heads of Drosophila melanogaster. Analyses of this compound by chemical, mass spectral, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques in conjunction with biochemical considerations provide evidence for the structure 2-amino-4-oxo-6-acetyl-7,8-dihydro-3H,9H-pyrimido[4,5 b][1,4]diazepine (PDA). At least three eye pigments (drosopterin, isodrosopterin, and aurodrosopterin) are synthesized when PDA and 2-amino-4-oxo-(D-erythro 1',2',3'-trihydroxypropyl)-7.8-dihydropteridine triphosphate (dihydroneopterin triphosphate) are incubated with Mg2+ and protein fractions prepared from Drosophila heads. The synthesis of aurodrosopterin, in addition, requires reduced pyridine nucleotide. Other evidence suggests that dihydroneopterin triphosphate is a biosynthetic precursor of PDA. PMID- 6793579 TI - Mineral and collagen-binding proteins of fetal calf bone. AB - Subperiosteal fetal calf bone is subjected to sequential dissociative extraction in the presence of protease inhibitors first with guanidine HCl and then with guanidine HCl/EDTA. Over two-thirds of the total noncollagenous protein is recovered in the second extraction step, which operationally solubilizes proteins associated with the apatite of mineralized bone lamellae. Three new proteins, comprising over 40% of the fetal bone noncollagenous protein, are purified from the second extract by gel filtration in 4 M guanidine HCl and ion exchange in 7 M urea. These are two glycoproteins both containing organic phosphate at apparent molecular sizes of 32,000 and 62,000 daltons and a protein of 24,000 daltons containing both hydroxyproline and organic phosphate. Of these three proteins, the Mr = 32,000 species binds to apatite and collagen with the greatest affinity. It comprises 25% of the fetal calf bone noncollagenous protein and is selectively adsorbed both by apatite crystals in 4 M guanidine HCl and on gelatin affinity columns at physiological pH and ionic strength. PMID- 6793581 TI - Biosynthesis of pyridoxol. The origin of the C2-unit, C-2',-2. PMID- 6793580 TI - Evidence that the platelet plasma membrane is impermeable to calcium and magnesium complexes of A23187. A23187-induced secretion is inhibited by MG2+ and Ca2+, and requires aggregation and active cyclooxygenase. AB - A23187-treated platelets secrete dense granule constituents during centrifugation, an artifact that is presented by prior formalin fixation (Holmsen, H., and Setkowsky-Dangelmaier, C. A. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 497, 46-61). With this improved assay, A23187 induced no secretion in nonaggregating platelets and maximal secretion in aggregating platelets within 3 min. Further incubation gave a slow, submaximal secretion in nonaggregating cells. Acetylsalicylate abolished secretion in both systems. EDTA, but not ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, strongly enhanced secretion in nonaggregating platelets suspended in Mg2+-containing, Ca2+-free Tyrode's solution. Without added Mg2+, A23187 gave maximal secretion in nonaggregating platelets which was abolished by added Mg2+. Preincubation of A23187 and MgCl2 gave inhibition patterns which clearly suggested that formation of Mg.A23187 species was the cause of inhibition. Ca2+, but not Sr2+, inhibited A23187-induced secretion in the same manner as Mg2+. These findings suggest that the platelet plasma membrane has no or very little permeability for Ca2+ . and Mg2+ . A23187 species. In the physiological suspending medium, Ca2+-free Tyrode's solution, A23187-induced platelet secretion is markedly enhanced by close cell contact (aggregation) and has an absolute requirement for production of prostaglandins and/or thromboxanes. Therefore, the widely held view that secretion is directly triggered by A23187-induced increase in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration is not applicable to platelets. PMID- 6793582 TI - Post-translational cleavage of mucocyst precursors in Tetrahymena. AB - Pulse-chase experiments utilizing intact Tetrahymena revealed that at least six proteins (molecular weights, 61,000, 56,000, 51,000, 48,000, 42,000, and 38,000) were unstable and underwent proteolytic cleavage during the first 20 min of the chase period. At least 9 product polypeptides (molecular weights, 45,000, 41,000, 25,000, 21,000, 20,000, 18,000, 17,000, 16,000, and 15,000) appeared during the chase. The proposal that the product polypeptides were actually mucocyst constituents was supported by a variety of observations. First, treatment of whole cells in a complete media with dibucaine caused precursor cleavage and product accumulation with kinetics that were consistent with previous morphologic observations on mucocyst formation. Second, the product polypeptides were enriched in a cell fraction containing just cortical components and amorphous material consistent with aggregated mucus. Third, the labeled product polypeptides in the cortex comigrated with partially purified labeled mucus obtained by dibucaine treatment of whole cells. Fourth, one-dimensional peptide mapping of the 45-kilodalton product confirmed that the post-translationally derived product in whole cell pulse-chase experiments was similar to the purified products in the cortex fraction and in dibucaine-released mucus. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of the 125I-labeled tryptic peptides of three pairs of products in the cortex and mucus further suggested a strong homology. The cleavage of mucocyst precursors was blocked by agents which deplete ATP levels and by N-tosyl L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone. Preliminary structural relationships were established between some of the precursors and products by one-dimensional peptide mapping. Models for the biogenesis of mucocysts are discussed, and it is proposed that the additional sequence information present in the precursors may be required for the intracellular transport of these proteins or their insertion and assembly within the mucocyst. PMID- 6793583 TI - Fractionation and properties of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan and the soluble glycoproteins of brain. PMID- 6793585 TI - Putative function of Drosophila melanogaster heat shock proteins in the nucleoskeleton. AB - The cellular distribution in Drosophila Kc cells of [35S]methionine-labeled heat shock proteins has been examined by 0.2% Nonidet P-40-mediated cell lysis and Na deoxycholate-Tween 40 extraction of the nuclei. The 83,000-dalton heat shock protein was limited to the detergent extracts while the remaining heat shock proteins were found both in a soluble pool in the detergent extracts and in a bound pool in the nuclei. The bound pool included the 70,000-68,000-, 27,000-, 26,000-, 23,000-, and 21,000-dalton heat shock proteins; these proteins accumulated in the nuclei during the time course of heat shock as assayed by [35S]methionine labeling and dye binding on gel electropherograms. DNA and histone-depleted nuclei were prepared by extensive nuclease digestion, 2.0 M NaCl extraction, and sedimentation of the original detergent-washed nuclei. Of the 35S labeled bound pool, 69% remained associated in a rapidly sedimenting complex that retained only approximately 5% of the DNA. Thus, the binding of the 70,000-68,000 , 27,000-, 26,000-, 23,000-, and 21,000-dalton heat shock proteins appeared primarily to be with the nuclear scaffold rather than the chromatin. We conclude from the mass of heat shock protein synthesis that these proteins probably are structural elements of the nucleus. PMID- 6793584 TI - Affinity-purified anti-protein I antibody. Specific inhibitor of phosphorylation of protein I, a synaptic protein. AB - Protein I is a synaptic protein which serves as an endogenous substrate for cyclic AMP- and calcium-dependent protein kinases. Antibodies raised against purified Protein I have been isolated from rabbit antiserum by affinity chromatography on Protein I-conjugated agarose column. The purified antibodies were identified as immunoglobulin G by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion precipitation test. The purified antibodies not only inhibited the phosphorylation of purified Protein I by exogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but also inhibited specifically the phosphorylation of Protein I by endogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase in a synaptic vesicle fraction, synaptic junctional complex fraction, synaptic membrane fraction, and crude homogenate of cerebrum. The purified anti Protein I antibodies also inhibited with a similar potency calcium-dependent phosphorylation of Protein I without affecting the phosphorylation of other proteins. The Fab(t) fragment of anti-Protein I immunoglobulin G, which was produced by tryptic digestion, retained the ability to inhibit specifically the phosphorylation of Protein I. This substrate-directed, specific inhibitor of the phosphorylation of Protein I may provide a unique probe for investigating the function of Protein I phosphorylation. PMID- 6793586 TI - Evidence for direct phosphate-phosphate interaction between pyridoxal phosphate and substrate in the glycogen phosphorylase catalytic mechanism. PMID- 6793587 TI - Reassembled model lipoproteins. Lipid dynamics in recombinants of human apolipoprotein A-II and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) combine to form three isolatable complexes of molar stoichiometry of 240:1 75:1, and 45:1, respectively. Steady state fluorescence depolarization studies with diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and parinaric acid incorporated into the DMPC/apoA-II complexes reveal that increasing the protein content reduces fluidity and increases the apparent lipid phase transition (Tc). Time-resolved studies with DPH reveal hindered rotational motion and a loss of fluidity with increasing protein content, arising from an increase in the order of the lipid assay. The parinaric acid probes could detect no lateral phase separation of lipid ensembles in the DMPC/apoA-II complexes, suggesting that the DMPC adjacent to the protein is as mobile as bulk lipid. Measurements of the excimer-forming properties of a pyrene lecithin analog show that the increasing protein content in the DMPC/apoA II complexes reduces lateral diffusion of the lipid. PMID- 6793589 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a low affinity lysine binding site within plasminogen. PMID- 6793588 TI - Isolation of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from a rat yolk sac tumor and immunochemical demonstration of its cell surface localization. AB - A proteoglycan was isolated from ascites fluid produced by a rat yolk sac tumor. The glycosaminoglycan chains of the proteoglycan are all sensitive to digestion with chondroitinase ABC and about 90% are sensitive to chondroitinase AC. The proteoglycan contains 5% protein. Amino acid analysis revealed a high content of serine and glycine which together constitute 37% of the amino acids. Glutamic acid (glutamine) and aspartic acid (asparagine) are also abundant. Galactosamine accounts for 97% of the hexosamine and the remainder is glucosamine. These characteristics indicate that the glycosaminoglycan side chains of this proteoglycan are predominantly chondroitin sulfate with a smaller amount of dermatan sulfate. Antibodies to the proteoglycan were prepared by immunization of a rabbit with purified alkali-treated proteoglycan. Affinity-purified antibodies from the antiserum immunoprecipitated (35S)sulfate-labeled radioactivity from culture media of the yolk sac tumor cells known to contain chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. This binding was inhibited by the intact purified proteoglycan but not by proteoglycan treated with papain, suggesting dependence of the reactivity of the antibodies on integrity of the protein part of the proteoglycan. Immunofluorescence of the cultured yolk sac tumor cells revealed localization of immune reactive proteoglycans at the cell surface. PMID- 6793590 TI - Induction of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Requirement for insulin and dexamethasone. AB - To determine the relative contributions of glucose, insulin, dexamethasone, and triiodothyronine to the induction of hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hepatocytes isolated from normal or adrenalectomized rats, either fasted or fed, were examined in culture. Addition of insulin (42 milliunits/ml, 0.9 microM) and dexamethasone (1 microM) to hepatocytes obtained from 3-day-fasted rats and cultured for 48 h in serum-free Dulbecco's medium resulted in a 7- to 11-fold increase in Glc-6-P dehydrogenase specific activity compared with a 2- to 3-fold increase in activity in control cultures incubated without added hormones. The effects of insulin and dexamethasone were independent of DNA synthesis, dose dependent, and additive; each contributing about one-half of the total response. Medium glucose was neither sufficient nor necessary for the insulin- or dexamethasone-stimulated increase in Glc-6-P dehydrogenase specific activity. Addition of triiodothyronine (10 microM) preferentially blocked the dexamethasone stimulated increase in Glc-6-P dehydrogenase specific activity. Insulin failed to stimulate the induction of Glc-6-P dehydrogenase in hepatocytes obtained from normal fed rats or from fasted and fed adrenalectomized rats. However, insulin caused a significant increase in the Glc-6-P dehydrogenase specific activity of these cells when dexamethasone was concurrently added to the culture medium. PMID- 6793591 TI - Synergistic activation by Ca2+ and Mg2+ as the primary cause for hysteresis in the phosphorylase kinase reactions. AB - A synergistic activation of phosphorylase kinase by Ca2+ plus Mg2+ was found to be the primary cause of the hysteresis, or lag, in the phosphorylase kinase reaction. Preincubation of the enzyme for short times with Ca2+ plus Mg2+ resulted in an approximately 7-fold increase in the kinase activity in subsequent assays with phosphorylase b or phosphorylase kinase as substrates, whereas preincubation with each metal ion by itself had no effect. Maximal activation through preincubation with Ca2+ plus Mg2+ occurred in 1 min 45 s and was readily reversed by chelation of both metal ions. As a result of the activation, the progress curve of phosphorylase b conversion at pH 6.8 was found to be nearly linear. Activation by Ca2+ plus Mg2+ was not apparent when subsequent assays were carried out at pH 8.2, or when previously autophosphorylated enzyme was used. Furthermore, the synergistic activation was found to occur significantly slower and/or to decrease in the presence of ATP, phosphorylase b, beta glycerophosphate, and inorganic phosphate. How the synergistic activation by Ca2+ plus Mg2+ relates to autophosphorylation and the lag in the phosphorylase kinase reaction is discussed. PMID- 6793592 TI - The lysine binding sites of human plasminogen. Evidence for a critical tryptophan in the binding site of kringle 4. AB - Chemical modification of human degraded form of plasminogen with NH2-terminal lysine (Lys-plasminogen) and the elastase fragments kringle 1 + 2 + 3 and kringle 4 with the tryptophan reagent [14C]dimethyl(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl)sulfonium bromide results in the incorporation of label and the parallel loss of lysine binding ability. In the case of kringle 4, only one-half of the lysine binding sites could be inactivated, but the modified and unmodified forms could be separated by affinity chromatography. The modified form contained 1 mol of 2 hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl groups/mol of kringle 4 and did not bind to lysine Sepharose. Lysine analogs such as 6-aminohexanoic acid protected kringle 4 against modification. Peptide-mapping studies on this form showed that essentially all of the label was in two chymotryptic peptides containing a tryptophan corresponding to Trp426 in the plasminogen sequence. Competition experiments with anti-kringle 4 antibodies having an affinity for the lysine binding site showed that the binding of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl-kringle 4 to antibodies was about 10 times weaker than for unmodified kringle 4. These results indicate that the integrity of specific tryptophan residue is critical to the binding of lysine and related amino acids to kringle 4of human plasminogen. PMID- 6793593 TI - Unique features in the ribosome binding site sequence of the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase gene. AB - The base sequence of the ribosome binding site region of the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase gene has been determined. The leader peptide sequence of 24 amino acids which precedes the NH2 terminus of extracellular S. aureus beta-lactamase has also been established. This initiation site possesses two unique features not observed for most initiation sites recognized by Escherichia coli ribosomes. A novel initiation codon, UUG, initiates protein synthesis with methionine; and a very strong Shine-Dalgarno complementarity containing five G-C base pairs precedes the UUG initiation codon. The strong Shine-Dalgarno complementarity may explain the reduced translational dependence on initiation factor IF-3 function that has been observed for the beta-lactamase mRNA and other mRNAs from Gram-positive bacteria. We suggest that this extent of complementarity between the mRNA and this extent of complementarity between the mRNA and the ribosome may be a requirement for efficient initiation by Bacillus subtilis and other Gram-positive ribosomes, and may provide the basis for the observed inability of the Gram-positive systems to translate most of the mRNAs from Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6793594 TI - Biosynthesis of the erythrocyte anion transport protein. AB - The biosynthesis of the erythrocyte anion transport protein (Band III) was studied in erythroid precursor cells obtained from the spleens of anemic mice. Newly synthesized Band III was inserted during or immediately after translation into rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The asymmetric orientation of Band III in these membranes resembled that of mature Band III in erythrocyte membranes, with the NH2-terminal portion of the molecule facing the cytoplasm. At this stage Band III contained a high mannose core oligosaccharide, which was susceptible to cleavage by endoglycosidase H. During the next 20 to 30 min, this oligosaccharide was processed to a form resistant to endoglycosidase H degradation, presumably in the Golgi complex. The processed Band III was subsequently expressed on the cell surface, at about 30 to 45 min after synthesis. In many respects, therefore, the biosynthesis of Band III resembles that of cotranslationally inserted proteins whose NH2-terminal portions are exposed on the exterior of the cell, like VSV glycoprotein, HLA-A antigens, and glycophorin. PMID- 6793595 TI - Acute compartment syndrome in hemophilia. A case report. PMID- 6793596 TI - Pagetoid changes in a heterotopic center of ossification. A case report. PMID- 6793597 TI - Turnover of basic chromosomal proteins in fertilized eggs: a cytoimmunochemical study of events in vivo. AB - The chromosomal complements of mouse oocytes, ova, and fertilizing sperm have been studied by immunofluorescence with specific antisera to the basic protein fraction of sperm nuclei and to histones H2b and H4, and by staining with ethidium bromide. These studies support the hypothesis, previously proposed (Rodman and Barth, 1979, Dev. Biol. 68:82-95), that the chromosomes of the oocyte in maturation incorporate unique basic protein(s) similar to those incorporated during spermiogenesis. That similarity is characterized, here, by immunologic cross-reactivity. The basic proteins of the fertilizing sperm nucleus and the cross-reactive moiety of the two haploid complements of the ovum are displaced simultaneously, shortly after sperm entry. However, because the unique basic proteins incorporated into the oocyte chromosomes do not, as in the spermatogenic sequence, entirely replace the histones, the maternal chromosomes display histones H2b and H4 at all postfertilization stages examined, whereas the decondensing paternal complement, for an interval before maturation of the pronuclei, contains neither sperm basic chromosomal proteins nor histones. Sequential staining of the same specimens with ethidium bromide revealed well organized nuclear morphology of the residual DNA complex. Those observations suggest that, for an as yet undefined period in the transformation from spermatozoal to embryonic genome, the chromatin is devoid of a complement of basic proteins. PMID- 6793598 TI - Damage to actin filaments by glutaraldehyde: protection by tropomyosin. AB - Reaction of F-actin and the F-actin-tropomyosin complex with 20 mM glutaraldehyde for 19-22 h at 0 degrees C and 25 degrees C results in extensively cross-linked filaments, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Electron micrographs show shorter, more irregular filaments for glutaraldehyde-treated F-actin in the absence of tropomyosin as compared to the presence of tropomyosin or untreated controls. There was a 40% drop in viscosity of glutaraldehyde-treated F-actin solutions but a 90% increase in viscosity for the glutaraldehyde-treated F-actin-tropomyosin complex in solution, as compared to the untreated controls, indicating different effects of cross-linking. SDS gels indicate that intrasubunit cross-links are introduced into F-actin and that when tropomyosin is present, intramolecular cross-link formation is inhibited. Inhibition of the salt-induced G leads to F polymerization results when intramolecular cross-links are introduced into G-actin under similar or milder reaction conditions. These data indicate that, under conditions for which extensive F-actin filament cross-linking (fixing) occurs, the filaments become damaged due to the concurrent formation of intrasubunit cross-links that cause local depolymerization and distortion and that tropomyosin protects against this damage. PMID- 6793599 TI - Partial characterization of newly synthesized proteoglycans isolated from the glomerular basement membrane. AB - Kidneys were perfused with [35S]sulfate at 4 h in vitro to radiolabel sulfated proteoglycans. Glomeruli were isolated from the labeled kidneys, and purified fractions of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were prepared therefrom. Proteoglycans were extracted from GBM fractions by use of 4 M guanidine-HCl at 4 degrees C in the presence of protease inhibitors. The efficiency of extraction was approximately 55% based on 35S radioactivity. The extracted proteoglycans were characterized by gel-filtration chromatography (before and after degradative treatments) and by their behavior in dissociative CsCl gradients. A single peak of proteoglycans with an Mr of 130,000 (based on cartilage proteoglycan standards) was obtained on Sepharose CL-4B or CL-6B. Approximately 85% of the total proteoglycans were susceptible to nitrous acid oxidation (which degrades heparan sulfates), and approximately 15% were susceptible to digestion with chondroitinase ABC (degrades chondroitin-4 and -6 sulfates and dermatan sulfate). The released glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains had an Mr of approximately 26,000. Density gradient centrifugation resulted in the partial separation of the extracted proteoglycans into two types with different densities: a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that was enriched in the heavier fraction (p greater than 1.43 g/ml), and a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that was concentrated in the lighter fractions (p less than 1.41). The results indicate that two types of proteoglycans are synthesized and incorporated into the GBM that are similar in size and consist of four to five GAG chains (based on cartilage proteoglycan standards). The chromatographic behavior of the extracted proteoglycans and the derived GAG, together with the fact that the two types of proteoglycans can be partially separated into the density gradient, suggest that the heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate(s) are located on different core proteins. PMID- 6793600 TI - Calcium regulates the commitment of murine erythroleukemia cells to terminal erythroid differentiation. AB - An alteration in the rate of calcium transport appears to be the rate-limiting event for the commitment of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells to initiate a program of terminal erythroid differentiation. The dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) induced commitment of MEL cells to erythroid differentiation can be inhibited by treatment of cells with the calcium-chelating agent EGTA. Upon removal of EGTA, cells initiate commitment without the 12-h lag normally observed after treatment with DMSO alone. Treatment of cells with DMSO in the presence of calcium ionophore A23187 causes cells to initiate commitment from time zero with no lag. These results suggest that the lag is the time required for DMSO to alter the calcium transport properties of the cell. PMID- 6793601 TI - Astroglial cells provide a template for the positioning of developing cerebellar neurons in vitro. AB - Indirect immunocytochemical staining with antisera raised against purified glial filament protein and a neurofilament polypeptide was used to study cell interactions between astrocytes and neurons dissociated from embryonic and early postnatal cerebellum. Staining with antibodies raised against purified glial filament protein revealed that greater than 99% of all processes present in cerebellar cultures during the 1st wk in vitro were glial in origin. After 1 wk in culture, unstained processes that were presumably neuronal were observed. Stained astroglial processes formed a dense network that served as a template for cerebellar neurons, identified by indirect immunocytochemical localization of tetanus toxin. More than 90% of neurons from postnatal days 1 or 7 were positioned within one cell diameter of a glial process. In contrast, less than 40% of the neurons dissociated from early embryonic cerebellum were located adjacent to a glial process. Staining with antibodies raised against purified glial filament protein also revealed differences in astroglial morphology that were under developmental regulation. Astroglial cells from embryonic cerebellum were fewer in number and had thick, unbranched processes. Those from postnatal day 1 were more slender, branched, and stellate. Those from postnatal day 7 were highly branched and stellate. Some veil-like astroglial processes were also observed in cells from postnatal animals. These morphological changes were also observed when cells from embryonic day 13 were maintained for a week in vitro. No specific staining of embryonic or postnatal cerebellum cells was observed with antibodies raised against purified neurofilament polypeptides. PMID- 6793602 TI - Heat-shock proteins of Drosophila are associated with nuclease-resistant, high salt-resistant nuclear structures. AB - Proteins produced in cultured Drosophila cells during the heat-shock response (HSPs) were recently shown by autoradiography to be confined in large measure to the cell nucleus. We report here that nuclear HSPs are not associated with nucleosomes solubilizes by treatment with staphylococcal nuclease at low ionic strength nor are HSPs released by extraction with high salt, which solubilized most of the remaining histones and DNA. Possible functions of nuclear HSPs are discussed. PMID- 6793604 TI - Procaine inhibits the erythroid differentiation of MEL cells by blocking commitment: possible involvement of calcium metabolism. AB - The action of procaine on the terminal erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells has been investigated at the level of individual cells. At concentrations (7 X 10-4 M) which had no inhibitory effect on cell growth, pretreatment of these cells with procaine for 12-24 hr caused a pronounced inhibition ( greater than 90%) of commitment of terminal erythroid differentiation of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-treated cells. Simultaneous treatment of MEL cells with DMSO and procaine, however, resulted to only slight inhibition (less than 20%) of commitment. Blockade of commitment by procaine pretreatment appears to be general since it was observed in cells treated with other inducers (6-thioguanine, dimethylformamide). Procaine pretreatment did not abolish the ability of MEL cells to complete the "latent period" and commit upon the removal of the block. Reversal of procaine inhibition of commitment was obtained by the addition of either CaCl2 (1.0 mM), calcium ionophore A23817 (1 microgram/ml), but not of MgCl2 (1.0 mM). From these data we conclude that procaine inhibits the terminal erythroid differentiation of MEL cells by blocking an event or process required for commitment which occurs prior to commitment itself. Our results suggest that this process involves calcium metabolism. PMID- 6793603 TI - Detection of actin-binding proteins in human platelets by 125I-actin overlay of polyacrylamide gels. AB - Actin-binding proteins have been identified in human platelets with a gel-overlay technique that uses 125I-G-actin. Platelet proteins were separated on SDS polyacrylamide gels using the buffer system of Laemmli (1970, Nature [Lond.] 227:680-685). The proteins were fixed in the gels with methanol-acetic acid, the SDS was washed out, and the proteins were renatured. The gels were incubated with 125I-G-actin from rabbit skeletal muscle that was radiolabeled with 125I according to the method of Bolton and Hunter (1973, Biochem. J. 133:529-538) and has been shown to retain biological activity. After nonspecifically bound radioactivity was washed out, gels were dried and processed for autoradiography. The 125I-G-actin binds to several proteins in human platelets, platelet extracts, and the particulate fraction. Control experiments demonstrate that the 125I-G actin can be displaced by use of increasing amounts of unlabeled actin, that the binding is stable to 0.6 M NaCl, and that preheating the 125I-G-actin to 90 degrees C for 3 min eliminates all binding. Prominent 125I-G-actin-binding activities were present at Mr 90,000 and 40,000. The binding to the 90,000 Mr protein appears to be at least partially Ca++ sensitive, whereas the binding to the 40,000 Mr protein does not. 125I-G-actin bound to proteins in the SDS gels can be fixed in situ and compared directly with the stained gel. This technique should prove generally useful in identification and purification of some actin binding proteins from cells and tissues. PMID- 6793605 TI - [Barotraumatic rupture of the esophagus : a case report (author's transl)]. AB - A case of barotraumatic rupture of the thoracic esophagus with a favorable outcome is reported, and the 12 cases found in the published literature reviewed. Mortality was 3 out of 5 in unoperated cases, and only 1 out of 7 in the patients treated by surgery. This emphasizes the need for early diagnosis, thoracotomy for esophageal repair, drainage by-passing digestive secretions, and parenteral feeding, this constituting the best guarantee in the fight against mediastinitis. PMID- 6793606 TI - Evidence of thyrotropin-releasing hormone activity in autopsy pancreata from newborns. AB - Pancreata, obtained from infants who had died during the neonatal period, were pooled and extracted with methanol. The extracts were submitted to cation exchange and high pressure liquid chromatography. The fractions were assayed for TRH by RIA and a mouse bioassay. The results indicate that the pancreata of newborns contain TRH. PMID- 6793608 TI - Thyroxine metabolism in the low thyroxine state of critical nonthyroidal illnesses. AB - This study reports in vitro and in vivo parameters of T4 metabolism in patients with critical nonthyroidal illnesses who were selected because of serum total T4 values less than 3 micrograms/dl and normal TSH levels. Despite the depressed total T4 concentrations, the normal serum free T4 values (7 of 9 patients), T4 production rates (8 of 9), and TSH responses to TRH (8 of 8) provided evidence for normal free T4 availability to peripheral tissues. Elevated rT3 values in 10 of 14 patients were consistent with this view. However, serum free T4 index determinations markedly underestimated free T4 (20 of 20). This resulted from failure of the T3 uptake measurement to reflect the defective state of serum T4 binding. Defective serum T4 binding to carrier proteins was evidenced by the 2- to 3-fold increase in both the free fraction and the MCR values for T4. The normal early distribution phase, despite defective serum T4 binding, suggested an additional abnormality of deficient extravascular T4 binding. The blunted TSH response to TRH and the low normal values for both T4 production rates and free T4 levels measured by equilibrium dialysis indicated mild pituitary suppression, possibly related to elevated serum cortisol levels. Since an overt deficiency of free T4 availability does not appear to exist in the low T4 state of critical nonthyroidal illness, T4 therapy cannot currently be recommended. PMID- 6793607 TI - Bromocriptine therapy in acromegaly: use in patients resistant to conventional therapy and effect on serum levels of somatomedin C. AB - Seven patients with clinically active acromegaly who had not responded completely to previous surgical or radiation therapy were treated with bromocriptine. Bromocriptine was well tolerated; only one of the seven patients discontinued treatment secondary to side effects. Six of the seven patients improved during bromocriptine therapy, although GH levels were normalized in only two patients. All patients had elevated levels of somatomedin C (Sm-C) before therapy even when basal levels of GH were less than 10 ng/ml. One patient normalized both GH and Sm C during bromocriptine therapy and had an excellent clinical response. Five patients had moderately good clinical responses; four of these patients had substantial falls in GH levels, but Sm-C levels fell minimally if at all in four and actually increased in one patient. In one patient, there was no change in clinical status, GH levels, or Sm-C levels. Thus, the clinical response did not correlate well with changes in Sm-C in most patients. The patterns of response to provocative stimuli of GH secretion in acromegaly were maintained during bromocriptine therapy, as has been previously been reported. Based on our experience, bromocriptine appears to be a useful adjunct in the therapy of acromegaly, even in patients who have had prior ablative therapy. PMID- 6793610 TI - Effect of Iopanoic acid on the pituitary-thyroid axis: time sequence of changes in serum iodothyronines, thyrotropin, and prolactin concentrations and responses to thyroid hormones. AB - We have previously shown that some oral cholecystographic agents induce marked increase in basal and TRH-stimulated TSH concentrations in normal subjects. To define the relationship between circulating iodothyronines and pituitary secretion after oral cholecystography, temporal changes in the responses of serum TSH and PRL to a fixed dose of TRH (500 micrograms iv) and in serum T4, T3, and rT3 concentrations were assessed before, immediately after, and then at weekly intervals after the three daily doses of iopanoic acid (Ip). Both basal and TRH stimulated TSH concentrations were significantly increased at the end of the period of Ip administration when the serum T3 concentration was decreased, were still above the pretreatment level 1 week after the course of Ip when the serum T3 had returned to pre-Ip levels, and returned toward normal 2 weeks after the course of Ip. The changes in serum T3 concentration were accompanied by reciprocal changes in rT3 concentration. PRL secretion was not significantly changed. To evaluate further the relationship between the enhanced TSH secretion and the changes in serum iodothyronine concentrations, subjects were given oral doses of T3 (5 micrograms every 4 h) or T4 (50 micrograms every 8 h) during the administration of Ip. In the subjects given Ip plus T3, serum T3 concentrations were maintained at pre-Ip levels, and both basal and TRH-stimulated TSH concentrations were not different from the control. Administration of T4 did not completely prevent the Ip-induced increment of TSH secretion. It is suggested that in subjects given Ip, 1) the serum T3 level is, at least partly, a determining factor for TSH secretion; and 2) the set-point of TSH secretion is appropriately tuned to either reduction or elevation of serum T3 concentration by a mechanism that is different from that in fasting subjects. PMID- 6793609 TI - Pergolide mesylate: its effects on circulating anterior pituitary hormones in man. AB - Pergolide mesylate is a synthetic ergoline with dopamine agonist properties. The endocrine profile was studied in a double blind crossover design in six normal males. Circulating PRL, TSH, GH, LH, FSH, and cortisol were measured in the basal state and after TRH (500 micrograms iv) administration at 4.5, 11.5, and 23.5 h after placebo or pergolide (100 micrograms orally). Pergolide caused suppression of basal PRL from 2-8 ng/ml to less than 2 ng/ml commencing 60 min after administration and persisting throughout the 23.5-h study period. For the three TRH tests, a suppression of peak PRL (mean +/- SEM) response to TRH of 54.6 +/- 5.1 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.5, 45.2 +/- 4.1 vs. 4.5 +2- 0.6, and 34.4 +/- 2.9 vs. 6.9 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, respectively, for placebo and pergolide was noted. Basal TSH levels were unaffected by pergolide, but after pergolide the peak TSH response to the first two TRH challenges was blunted (placebo vs. pergolide: 12.3 +/- 1.2 vs. 6.8 +/- 1.0 and 14.8 +/- 2.0 vs. 9.6 +/- 1.0, respectively); however, the third TSH response (9.8 +/- 1.1 vs. 9.3 +/- 1.2) was not blunted after pergolide. GH secretion was stimulated by pergolide with a consistent pulse observed within 60 min of pergolide administration and an enhancement in the number and amplitude of subsequent GH pulses throughout the 24-h period. Cortisol levels rose after pergolide and returned to levels seen on the control day at 16.5 h. FSH levels were unaffected but LH levels were lowered pergolide. Side effects including nausea, vomiting, and hypotension were observed in all subjects. Pergolide is a potent dopamine agonist with the anticipated endocrine profile and clinical effects; its long duration of actions offers promise of single daily dose therapy for hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6793611 TI - Human cord blood concentrations of thyrotropin, thyroglobulin, and iodothyronines after maternal administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - TRH or saline was administered to 214 term pregnant women at various time intervals (8-820 min) before delivery. Cord blood (CB) was obtained, and plasma TSH, T4, T3, rT3, and thyroglobulin concentrations were measured by specific RIA. CB TSH was significantly elevated within 20 min after TRH administration and remained elevated for 180 min. CB T3 rose significantly by 60 min and remained elevated for 820 min. CB T4 was significantly increased from 120 to 820 min after TRH administration. There was no significant change in the CB thyroglobulin concentration. These findings demonstrate for the first time that TRH crosses the human placenta, that the fetal pituitary is responsive to TRH, and that endogenous TSH stimulates the fetal thyroid. PMID- 6793612 TI - The isolation of human pituitary hormones from frozen glands. AB - An integrated scheme for the extraction and purification of human pituitary hormones from frozen glands has been developed. The method yields 6.3 mg/gland of monomeric pyrogen-free GH in a single fraction, with a potency of 2.5-3.1 IU/mg, as estimated by bioassay, radioreceptor assay, and RIA, with a further 0.6 mg/gland recovered from side fractions. A glycoprotein fraction yields 200 IU FSH, 500 IU LH, and 0.2 IU TSH per gland, as estimated by RIA. Additional hormones purified from side fractions include PRL, lipotropins, and the 20,000 molecular weight variant of human GH. PMID- 6793613 TI - Menopausal flushes: effect of pituitary gonadotropin desensitization by a potent luteinizing hormone- releasing factor agonist. AB - Recent evidence suggests that the menopausal flush is linked to the neuroendocrine events which govern pulsatile LH secretion and thermoregulation. This study was designed to determine whether abolishment of LH pulses may abate flush episodes. After pituitary gonadotropin densensitization by a LRF agonist, LH and FSH pulses were abolished, and serum gonadotropin levels were decreased. Flush episodes, however, were unaltered. These findings demonstrate that pulsatile LH release by the pituitary is not causally related to menopausal flushes, and support the contention that flush episodes are initiated by a hypothalamic mechanism(s). PMID- 6793614 TI - Hypersecretion of an abnormal form of follicle-stimulating hormone associated with suppressed luteinizing hormone secretion in a woman with a pituitary adenoma. AB - Pituitary tumors producing FSH have hitherto been reported only in males, all of whom have had normal or raised LH levels in serum. This report describes a female with a pituitary adenoma associated with supranormal serum levels of FSH. The FSH was also qualitatively abnormal when compared with FSH in the serum of other postmenopausal women, had a lower apparent molecular weight on gel chromatography, and was less negatively charged, as shown by electrophoresis. The results of LRH tests and suppression tests with ethinyl estradiol indicated autonomy of the FSH-producing adenoma. The FSH level increased concomitant with tumor enlargement and decreased after surgical removal of the pituitary adenoma or pituitary irradiation. The serum level of the glycoprotein alpha-subunit was raised about 100-fold. Any free FSH beta-subunits were not detectable in serum. The abnormal FSH had antigenic sites in common with both the alpha- and beta subunits of FSH. The LH level was extremely low, and there was no response to LRH tests or ethinyl estradiol treatment. After gel chromatography, a small amount of LH, corresponding to 1/50th of the average for the patient's age, was detected at the position for normal LH. There was no GH response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia, while the cortisol increase was normal. Thyroid and adrenal functions were normal. The PRL level was within the normal range and increased slightly after estrogen treatment. PMID- 6793615 TI - Bone resorption and humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy: stimulation of bone resorption in vitro by tumor extracts is inhibited by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. AB - Extracts of tumors from patients with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM) were tested using an in vitro bone resorption assay in order to investigate the pathogenesis of the hypercalcemia. Bone resorption was assessed by comparing the percent release of previously incorporated 45Ca from paired halves of newborn mouse calvaria. Saline extracts of three out of five tumors from HHM patients caused a significant increase in 45Ca release relative to controls. Extracts of liver and non-HHM tumor did not cause significant resorption. Tumor-stimulated bone resorption was blocked by indomethacin and eicosatetraynoic acid, inhibitors of the synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and related metabolites of arachidonic acid, whereas resorption stimulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH), PGE2, or 1,25 (OH)2D3 was not. Furthermore, levels of immunoreactive PTH or PGE2 in tumor extracts were not sufficient to account for the degree of resorption observed. These observations indicate that PTH or PGE2 are not responsible for the bone resorption caused by extracts of tumors from these patients with HHM. Furthermore, they suggest that hypercalcemia in these patients may result from bone resorption stimulated by the local production in bone of PGs or related metabolites of arachidonic acid in response to a humoral factor elaborated by the tumor. PMID- 6793616 TI - Peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone in an infant. AB - Peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone, a syndrome characterized by elevated serum total and free thyroid hormone levels and abnormal TSH suppression without manifestations of hyperthyroidism, was studied in a clinically euthyroid 6-month old infant. Initial serum concentrations of T4, T3, and TSH were 22.1 micrograms/dl, 334 ng/dl, and 7.6 microunits/ml, respectively; infusion of synthetic TRH increased the serum TSH to 47.4 microunits/ml, an exaggerated response. Pituitary insensitivity to T3 was investigated by measuring these parameters in response to consecutive 7-day courses of increasing doses of T3. Four times the calculated replacement dose of T3 (40 micrograms/day) was required to normalize the serum T4 and the serum TSH response to TRH. After administration of 80 micrograms/day T3, the serum TSH response to TRH was virtually abolished, but no clinical signs of thyroid hormone excess were observed. High doses of T4 blunted the serum TSH response to TRH in a manner similar to T3. Prednisone also decreased the TSH response to TRH but had no effect on serum thyroid hormone concentrations. In an attempt to determine the mechanism of thyroid hormone resistance, specific nuclear T3 binding was compared in cultured skin fibroblasts from the patient and a normal infant. Normal fibroblast nuclei had a single binding site with a Ka of 3.1 X 10(9) M-1. In contrast, the Scatchard plot of the patient's T3 binding was curvilinear, compatible with a high affinity site that had a Ka (4.2 X 10(9) M-1) similar to that of the normal fibroblasts and a second low affinity site (Ka = 2.7 X 10(8) M-1). Supraphysiological concentrations of T3 elicited a dose-related increase in fibroblast glucose consumption, which was similar in cells from both the patient and from a normal infant. In conclusion, pituitary and peripheral resistance to thyroid hormone has been demonstrated in this infant, but despite the abnormality of nuclear T3 binding, the cellular mechanisms remain unclear. PMID- 6793617 TI - Exoantigen test for identification of Petriellidium boydii cultures. AB - Cultures of Petriellidium boydii were serologically identified by detection of their exoantigens with an immunodiffusion procedure. The technique, which is specific and sensitive, allowed the rapid identification and differentiation of 12 isolates of P. boydii from numerous other morphologically similar Hyphomycetes. The antigen-antiserum reference system and the production, by two different techniques, of exoantigens used in the identification of P. boydii are described. PMID- 6793618 TI - Application of a Limulus test device in rapid evaluation of gonococcal and nongonococcal urethritis in males. AB - A test device incorporating Limulus amoebocyte lysate (Mallinckrodt, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.) was developed for the rapid, presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal and nongonococcal disease in males. The device, which was evaluated in 550 men with exudative urethritis, consisted of a specimen collection syringe, a dilution reservoir containing 10 ml of pyrogen-free water, and a Limulus amoebocyte lysate single-test vial. After specimen collection, the syringe was affixed to the dilution reservoir for rapid, accurate dilution of the clinical sample. Contamination of the specimen and potential biohazards to the user were prevented. The diluted sample was then transferred (via the collection syringe) to the lysate test vial for assay of endotoxin. Various incubation times at 37 degrees C were also studied in an additional 301 male patients, and time was reduced from the standard 60 to 30 min while still retaining equivalent predictability of culture results (P less than 0.05). Of the 550 males evaluated with the test device, 366 had positive cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and 184 were negative. A sensitivity of 99.2% and a specificity of 96.7% were obtained with the test device. Overall ability to predict culture results was 98.4%. Gram-stain sensitivity and specificity were 96.4% and 99.5%, respectively, with an overall accuracy of 97.5%. There were no statistical differences between the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test and Gram stain in predicting cultures (P less than 0.05). Thus, use of the Limulus amoebocyte lysate test device would enable the private physician to make an accurate, presumptive diagnosis of gonococcal and nongonococcal disease in males with exudative urethritis within 30 min without the need of a microscope and to initiate proper therapy during the patient's initial evaluation. PMID- 6793619 TI - Enhancement of coagglutination reactions of the Phadebact gonococcus test by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N tetraacetate. AB - Incubation of gonococci under conditions optimal for autolysis resulted in increased sensitivity and enhancement of the coagglutination reaction of the Phadebact gonococcus test. These conditions included an alkaline pH (pH 8.3) and the presence of divalent cation chelators such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid. Heating cell suspensions at 90 degrees C for 15 min before assay by coagglutination produced a further increase in sensitivity and enhancement of the reaction. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharide was found to be an important antigen in these coagglutination reactions. The detection of lipopolysaccharide was markedly enhanced by the addition of chelating agents. PMID- 6793620 TI - Isolation of species-specific protein antigens of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii for immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis. AB - A simple procedure for the selective isolation of the protective species-specific protein antigens (SPAs) of Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia prowazekii was developed to permit use of the SPAs in the immunodiagnosis and immunoprophylaxis of typhus infections. Although the SPAs were readily extracted from lysozyme- or detergent-treated rickettsiae, as measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, other polypeptides were also present, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In contrast, both water and seven buffers, each at a 10 mM concentration and pH 7.6, were nearly equally effective in the selective release of the SPAs from whole cells by extraction for 30 min at 45 degrees C. High-ionic strength buffers and MgCl2 abolished this SPA release, thus suggesting that divalent cations were important in the binding of the SPAs to the cell envelope. The efficacy of the dilute buffer extraction procedure for isolation of large amounts of SPAs was tested by further characterization of the supernatants obtained by centrifugation (200,000 x g) of two successive tris (hydroxymethyl)aminomethane-hydrochloride buffer (Tris) extracts. With this procedure, between 10 and 15 mg of SPA was obtained from 100 mg of purified rickettsiae. Although low-molecular-weight ribonucleic acid fragments were released into the Tris extracts in significant amounts, only the SPAs were detected, in significant quantities, as measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The Tris extracts contained the same major and minor SPA polypeptides as those observed previously in SPA preparations obtained by extensive diethylaminoethyl-cellulose column chromatography, but the Tris SPAs were more satisfactory antigens in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6793621 TI - Plasmid-encoded lysine decarboxylation in Proteus morganii. AB - As a rule, Proteus morganii does not decarboxylate lysine. However, lysine positive P. morganii strains have been recently described. We suspected a plasmid origin for this atypical character, and we analyzed 14 strains to study this question. Among these strains, 8 yielded lysine-negative segregants after acridine orange or ethidium bromide treatment, and 10 transferred their lysine positive character to a recipient P. morganii strain. All of the 14 strains analyzed at least segregated or conjugated. Three lysine-positive transconjugants, in turn, segregated lysine-negative variants after ethidium bromide treatment. The eight wild-type lysine-positive strains that segregated lysine-negative subclones contained a large (35 to 45 megadaltons) plasmid detectable by agarose gel electrophoresis. Similarly, the 10 lysine-positive transconjugants contained a plasmid of the same size, whereas P. morganii 1000, the recipient strain, did not contain any detectable plasmid. The large plasmid clearly disappeared in 9 of 11 lysine-negative segregants analyzed. It is concluded that the lysine-positive character of these P. morganii strains is plasmid encoded, and the taxonomical implications are discussed. PMID- 6793622 TI - BrucELISA: an enzyme-antibody immunoassay for detection of Brucella abortus antibodies in milk: correlation with the Brucella ring test and with shedding of viable organisms. AB - An indirect enzyme-antibody immunosorbent assay (BrucELISA) is described for the detection of antibody to Brucella abortus in cow's milk. Three series of milk samples were obtained from an adult-vaccinated dairy herd infected with B. abortus. The BrucELISA system was used as a screening test for individual milks diluted 1:200 (BE 200 test), for undiluted bulk milks, and to determine antibody titer (BrucELISA titration assay). The BrucELISA results correlated highly with positive Brucella ring test reactions and culture positivity, eliminated false positive Brucella ring test reactions, detected antibody in some samples which were Brucella ring test negative, and distinguished between vaccinated and infected animals. BrucELISA titration assay titers of greater than 1:800 were correlated with shedding, or were prognostic for animals which eventually became shedders. Binding of the enzyme-antibody conjugate to bovine immunoglobulin in the absence of rabbit anti-bovine immunoglobulin occurred with culture-positive or -negative milks showing titers of greater than 1:1,600 (the beta effect); the effect was also of predictive value in identifying eventual shedders. The BrucELISA system is a sensitive, specific, and inexpensive method for screening large numbers of individual or bulk milk samples for the presence of antibody to B. abortus. PMID- 6793623 TI - Effects of bathing on Pseudomonas and Klebsiella colonization in patients with spinal cord injuries. AB - This study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae colonization in humans with spinal cord injuries who were using the external urinary collection system showed that meticulous bathing with the bar soap issued by the hospital did not eliminated colonization and was frequently associated with the shifting of these bacteria to adjacent sites on the body. Bacterial counts of the skin showed that bathing did reduce the numbers of P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae found on the skin surface and temporarily eliminated these bacteria from some sites. The persistence of these organisms for long periods, even when patients were meticulously bathed, indicates that P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae may become part of the resident flora in these patients. PMID- 6793624 TI - Cost analysis of the Auto Microbic system urine identification card. AB - The AutoMicrobic system (Vitek Systems, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) is a fully automated, computerized instrument. One of the most thoroughly studied aspects of the system is its ability to identify and quantify of nine most common urinary tract pathogens. The major advantages of the AutoMicrobic system are that the results of urine cultures are available in a fraction of the time required by conventional methods and that samples can be processed with fewer man-hours. Although the specificity, sensitivity, and reliability of the system have been amply described in the literature, only one study combines these aspects with a cost analysis (D. P. Nicholson and J. A. Koepke, J. Clin. Microbiol. 10:823-833, 1979). Because one of the major considerations that microbiology laboratory directors must face is the cost-effectiveness of instruments, we studied the relative cost of the system as compared with that of conventional methods. Our findings indicated that the instrument provided valuable savings in technologist and turnaround time. These advantages were most easily realized in processing positive urine specimens. For negative urine specimens, the savings in technologist time were cancelled by the cost of the consumable supplies, which greatly exceeded the cost of supplies for conventional methods. This disadvantage might be ameliorated by efficient and effective screening methods to exclude those urine specimens that are most probably negative. PMID- 6793625 TI - Immunoradiometric assay for examination and quantitation of Brucella abortus specific antibodies reactive with the antigen(s) used in the indirect hemolysis test. AB - An immunoradiometric assay was designed to quantitate antibodies which bind to Brucella abortus antigens adsorbed to bovine erythrocytes. This allowed examination of antibodies specific for B. abortus antigens detectable in the indirect hemolysis test for bovine brucellosis. Assay parameters were optimized for measuring antigen-specific immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2, and IgM antibodies. The immunoradiometric assay allowed examination of binding interactions which occur during the indirect hemolysis test. Affinity-purified antibovine IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were used to detect specific bovine antibodies of these classes (and subclasses). The binding of the anti-immunoglobulins was linear as a function of immunoglobulin concentration. However, the binding of bovine antibodies of the different classes and subclasses to B. abortus antigen was nonlinear. Since B. abortus-specific antibodies of all classes and subclasses were present in the "standard serum" during the immunoradiometric assays, it is possible that the non-linearity was due to competition between antibodies for antigenic sites. IgG2 and IgM antibodies specific for B. abortus antigen(s) appeared to be capable of binding independently to antigen(s). However, the binding efficiencies of IgG1 antibodies changed as the ratio of antigenic sites to antibodies was increased. PMID- 6793626 TI - Preparation of sputum smears for acid-fast microscopy. AB - A method is presented for the preparation of satisfactory smears for acid-fast microscopy that do not contain viable cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 6793627 TI - Utilization of arachidonic and linoleic acids by cultured human endothelial cells. AB - When cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells are supplemented with linoleic acid, the arachidonic acid content of the cellular phospholipids is reduced approximately 35%. Most of the fatty acid compositional change occurs during the first 24 h. One factor responsible for this effect is the inability of the endothelial cells to convert appreciable amounts of linoleic to arachidonic acid, due to a fatty acid delta 6-desaturase deficiency. By contrast, these endothelial cultures contain delta 5- and delta 9-desaturase activity and are able to elongate long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The other factor that contributes to the decrease in arachidonic acid is that high concentrations of linoleic acid reduce the incorporation of arachidonate into cellular phospholipids. Stearic acid, a long-chain saturate, does not produce any reduction, whereas eicosatrienoic acid is an even more effective inhibitor than linoleic acid. In spite of the fact that high concentrations of these polyunsaturates produced inhibition, the endothelial cells were found to efficiently incorporate exogenous arachidonic acid into cellular phospholipids and triglycerides. This may serve to compensate for the inability of these cells to synthesize arachidonic acid from linoleic acid. These findings suggest that the endothelium obtains arachidonic acid from an extracellular source, that this cannot be provided in the form of linoleic acid and, in fact, that high concentrations of linoleic acid actually may interfere with the ability of the endothelium to maintain an adequate supply of intracellular arachidonic acid. PMID- 6793628 TI - Isolation and properties of an abnormal Hageman factor (Factor XII) molecule in a cross-reacting material-positive hageman trait plasma. AB - We have previously described two unrelated individuals with homozygous Hageman trait (Factor XII deficiency) whose plasmas contained nonfunctional material immunologically indistinguishable from normal Hageman factor (HF). Abnormal HF from the plasma of one these subjects has now been purified to homogeneity, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, alkaline disc gel electrophoresis, and immunoelectrophoresis. Purified abnormal HF had no clot-promoting activity, but showed the same specific antigenicity as purified normal HF by an immunoassay. The abnormal HF was of a single chain polypeptide with the same molecular weight (80,000) as normal HF and was positively stained by periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Both normal and abnormal HF had similar amino acid compositions and isoelectric points (pI 6.5 approximately 7.1). When 125I labeled abnormal HF and 131I-labeled normal HF were mixed with normal plasma and exposed to glass, both HF underwent an identical pattern of cleavage, yielding 52,000- and 30,000-mol wt fragments. Similarly, abnormal HF was fragmented by trypsin in the same way as normal HF, but no prekallikrein-activating activity was generated after cleavage. [3H]Diisopropyl phosphorofluoridate was incorporated into a 29,000-mol wt fragment of the trypsin-cleaved normal HF, but not into that of the trypsin-cleaved abnormal HF. These data suggest that the molecular defect in this abnormal HF resides at or near the active site serine residue in the 30,000-mol wt part of the molecule. PMID- 6793629 TI - Follicle-stimulating hormone and human spermatogenesis. AB - The role of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the control of spermatogenesis is not well established in any species, including man. We studied the effect of an experimentally-induced, selective FSH deficiency on sperm production in normal men. After a 3-mo control period, five normal men received testosterone enanthate (T) 200 mg i. m. weekly to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) and FSH, until three successive sperm counts revealed azoospermia or severe oligospermia (sperm counts <3 million/ml). Then, while continuing T, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 5,000 IU i. m. three times weekly was administered simultaneously to replace LH activity, leaving FSH activity suppressed. The effect of the selective FSH deficiency produced by hCG plus T administration on sperm production was determined. Sperm counts (performed twice monthly throughout the study) were markedly suppressed during T administration alone (1.0+/-1.0 million/ml mean+/ SE, compared with 106+/-28 million/ml during the control period, P < 0.001). With the addition of hCG to T, sperm counts returned toward normal (46+/-16 million/ml, P < 0.001 compared with T alone). In two subjects, sperm counts during hCG plus T returned into the individual's control range. Sperm motility and morphology were consistently normal in all men during hCG plus T. Serum FSH levels by RIA were normal (110+/-10 ng/ml) in the control period and were suppressed to undetectable levels (<25 ng/ml) in the T alone and hCG plus T periods. Urinary FSH excretion was markedly suppressed in the T alone (60+/-15 mIU/h-2nd IRP, P < 0.01) and hCG plus T (37+/-9 mIU/h, P < 0.01) periods compared with the control period (334+/-78 mIU/h). We conclude that spermatogenesis as assessed by sperm counts, motilities, and morphologies may be reinitiated and maintained at normal levels in men with undetectable blood FSH levels and urinary excretion of FSH less than that of prepubertal children. This conclusion implies that, although FSH may exert effects on human testicular function, maintenance of normal spermatogenesis and reinitiation of sperm production after short-term suppression by exogenous steroids can occur in spite of nearly absent FSH stimulation. PMID- 6793630 TI - Salicylate-aspirin interaction in the rat. Evidence that salicylate accumulating during aspirin administration may protect vascular prostacyclin from aspirin induced inhibition. AB - Aspirin inhibits cyclooxygenase, thus preventing thromboxane A2 production in blood platelets and prostacyclin in vascular cells. Aspirin is rapidly hydrolyzed to salicylate in the circulation. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate whether administration of salicylate, though ineffective by itself, prevents the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet and/or vascular cyclooxygenase activity; (b) to verify whether salicylate accumulating in blood after aspirin administration interferes with the pharmacological activity of further doses of aspirin. Pretreatment of rats with sodium salicylate (25-100 mg/kg i.p.) resulted in dose-related prevention of the effect of a subsequent dose of aspirin (2.5-10 mg/kg i.v.) on both platelet and vascular cells. Sodium salicylate appeared to amplify the greater response of platelets to aspirin compared with vessel wall. Pretreatment of rats with repeated high doses of aspirin (200 mg/kg) resulted after 24 h in blood salicylate levels (150-200 microgram/ml) that significantly prevented the inhibitory effect of a subsequent dose of aspirin on newly synthesized vascular prostacyclin. Blood salicylate levels obtained after 36 or 48 h (less than 50 microgram/ml) were too low to blunt aspirin's effect. The interference with aspirin of its major endogenous metabolite should be borne in mind when interpreting results obtained with high dose aspirin or during repeated administration of this drug. PMID- 6793631 TI - Effects of inhibition of RBC HCO3-/Cl- exchange on CO2 excretion and downstream pH disequilibrium in isolated rat lungs. AB - To determine the effects of the speed of the erythrocyte membrane chloride shift on pulmonary gas transfer, CO2 exchange and the kinetics of pH equilibration were measured with isolated rat lungs perfused with 20% suspensions of human erythrocytes. The lungs were ventilated with room air, and the inflowing perfusate blood gases were similar to those in mixed venous blood in vivo. All experiments were performed at 37 degrees C. Rates of CO2 excretion were determined by measuring the fraction of CO2 in mixed expired gas in a steady state. The time-course of extracellular pH equilibration in the effluent perfusate was measured in a downstream stopflow pH electrode apparatus. CO2 excretion was reduced by approximately 16% when the lungs were perfused with suspensions containing erythrocytes whose HCO-3/Cl- exchange rates was inhibited, compared with CO2 excretion when the lungs were perfused with normal erythrocyte suspensions. A fall of 0.06 in effluent perfusate extracellular pH was noted during perfusion with inhibited erythrocyte suspensions, in contrast to no observable downstream pH change during perfusion with normal erythrocyte suspensions. These results are in close agreement with the predictions of a theoretical model. Our observations suggest that CO2 transfer in capillary beds will be adversely affected in vivo when the rate of the erythrocyte HCO-3/Cl- exchange is abnormally low. Since a number of commonly used drugs are known to inhibit the chloride shift in human erythrocytes, these findings may have important clinical implications, especially in patients with impaired lung function. PMID- 6793633 TI - Molar pregnancy: early diagnosis by ultrasound. AB - This report reviews four cases with vaginal bleeding and early ultrasound diagnosis of abnormal pregnancy before nine weeks gestation, who were followed by serial ultrasound examinations and subsequently diagnosed as hydatidiform mole. The findings support the view that hydatidiform mole may arise from a blighted ovum. It is concluded that vaginal bleeding in the first trimester should be investigated by diagnostic ultrasound, and the pregnancy by terminated if an abnormal development has been confirmed. PMID- 6793632 TI - Cystic fibrosis pseudomonas opsonins. Inhibitory nature in an in vitro phagocytic assay. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection plays a primary pathogenetic role in the chronic respiratory tract disease of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Despite pronounced humoral immune responses, reflected by high levels of antibodies against Pseudomonas in serum and in sputum, the antibodies do not eliminate this bacterium. In the present study we have used affinity chromatography with a lipopolysaccharide substituted immunoadsorbent gel to isolate high titers (meanCF = 1:256) of immunotype specific Pseudomonas IgG antibodies from the sera of nine CF subjects, and have evaluated the functional ability of these antibodies to promote phagocytosis and intracellular killing of P. aeruginosa in an in vitro human alveolar macrophage culture system. The phagocytic and intracellular bactericidal kinetics revealed that CF IgG antibodies function in an inhibitory fashion. Both the rate of phagocytosis (rateCF = 204 cpm/unit time) and absolute bacterial uptakes maximal at 120 min (uptakeCF = 18 x 10(3) 14C cpm) were inhibited compared with appropriate positive controls (hyperimmune serum, HIS; [rateHIS = 399; uptakeHIS = 29 x 10(3), P less than 0.005]). The ability of such CF-derived opsonins to potentiate macrophage intracellular bactericidal processes was mildly impaired (bacterial survivalCF = 15 x 10(3) colony forming units (CFU)/min, survivalHIS = 9 x 10(3)). Further characterization of this defect, assessed with functional studies of the Fab and Fc portions of the immunoglobulin molecule, revealed an impairment in the attachment of these specific antibodies to the alveolar macrophage membrane Fc gamma receptors. Preliminary studies of the physical-chemical properties of these immunoglobulins were normal. The expression of this inhibitory activity in vivo may facilitate Pseudomonas colonization and the subsequent established infections in the respiratory tracts of CF subjects. PMID- 6793635 TI - Ultrasonic effects on mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids. AB - Mammalian multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS), grown in liquid culture medium, 0.23 to 0.32 mm in diameter and consisting of 4,500 to 12,100 cells, were exposed to three ultrasonic machines: a clinical diagnostic device with an emitted intensity of 13 mW/cm2, a therapeutic machine with emitted intensities of 1 to 3.5 W/cm2, and a laboratory emitting 12 to 50 W/cm2. (All intensities are temporal and spatial average.) Four measures of ultrasonic effect on MTS were made: decrease in diameter after treatment, damage to subsequent growth outright kill, and number of cells detached from the MTS. There was no loss in MTS size from diagnostic or therapeutic exposures. None of the exposures from any of the three machines caused any damage to subsequent growth or survival. There was no significant detachment of cells from the MTS by any of the diagnostic exposures (at 13 mW/cm2, out of 40 minutes). With the laboratory machine, a significant number of cells were detached, about 0.02% of the MTS (approximately one cell per MTS) per W/cm2 in a ten-minute exposure. Cells detached by therapeutic exposure increased linearly with exposure. On the average, 1 W/cm2 detaches about 0.5 cells per minute, per MTS, or about 0.006% of the cells in the MTS. PMID- 6793636 TI - Prediction of intrauterine growth retardation by sonographic estimation of total intrauterine volume. AB - A group of 252 patients who had total intrauterine volume (TIUV) measurements after 20 weeks menstrual age were evaluated for prediction of growth retardation. The measurements were compared to previously published normal values derived at out institution. The birth weights of these patients' babies were evaluated by the California standard. Setting the threshold of an abnormal test at the lower 10% tolerance limit, the TIUV measurement was sensitive in 70%, specific in 72%, and accurate in predicting IUGR in only 41% of cases. Ultrasonic estimation of TIUV is limited as a predictor of IUGR. PMID- 6793634 TI - Three-dimensional echocardiography for spatial visualization and volume calculation of cardiac structures. AB - A new computerized image processing system was developed and applied clinically for three-dimensional visualization and volume calculation of cardiac structures, which were recorded in more than seven original two-dimensional echocardiograms in parallel planes. Three-dimensional display of this series of original two dimensional echocardiograms was performed automatically using an overlaid display with different gray levels designating depths. The limitation of the present study was in the recording of original two-dimensional echocardiograms in parallel planes. PMID- 6793637 TI - Shadowing and enhancement in ultrasonic echograms by reflection and refraction. AB - The action of reflection and refraction in producing shadows and enhancement in ultrasonic echograms behind cystic structures is well known, but the physical explanations usually used are incomplete. In this paper the emergent beam patterns for a number of cases are plotted and this data used to explain the shadows and enhancement observed. Cases are also illustrated of echoes displayed incorrectly within the shadow region and of reflectors within the shadow region displayed elsewhere. The use of the echographic appearances to assess the velocity of propagation in cystic structures is described. PMID- 6793638 TI - Renal agenesis: spectrum in utero findings. AB - Three cases of renal agenesis are presented, representing the spectrum of abnormality seen in utero. Severe oligohydramnios was seen in all three cases. In two cases ultrasound demonstrated fetal paraspinal structures resembling kidneys, while in the third no renal shapes were identified. The urinary bladder could not be imaged in any of the cases. Autopsy findings demonstrated that the reniform structures represented only fetal adrenal glands of varying sizes. It is suggested that the examination of the renal tract in severe oligohydramnios should be directed toward the fetal urinary bladder, because the identification of reniform outlines can be misleading. PMID- 6793640 TI - Mitral valve fluttering in aortic insufficiency. PMID- 6793639 TI - Real-time ultrasound diagnosis of conjoined twins. PMID- 6793641 TI - Acute bile duct dilation with resolution in 43 hours: an ultrasonic demonstration. PMID- 6793642 TI - Clinically silent retroplacental hematoma: sonographic and pathologic correlation. PMID- 6793643 TI - Ultrasound examination of the colon. PMID- 6793644 TI - Anatomical organization of primate visual cortex area VII. AB - The Golgi Rapid and Kopsch techniques have been used to provide material for an examination of the internal neuronal organization of cortical area VII of the Macaca monkey. The afferent and efferent relationships of area VII, as shown by axoplasmic transport tracing techniques in our own material and in previous studies in other laboratories, are reviewed. Comparison is made between the internal organisation of VI and VII cortex in terms of (1) the marked different in spiny and nonspiny neurons populations of granular layer 4, (2) the difference in relationship of lamina 6 pyramidal neurons to the overlying layers with a shift away from any relationship to granular layer 4 in VII, and (3) differences in the organization of VI lamina 4B and VII lamina 3B--both similarly placed, fiber-rich bands in the two cortical areas. The extrinsic relationships of VI and VII with the lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, pulvinar, peristriate cortex, cortical area STS, and with each other are compared in terms of laminar locations of efferent neurons and afferent axon terminal fields. It is hoped that this anatomical survey will provide a better foundation for physiological explorations of the region. PMID- 6793645 TI - Brainstem afferents to the torus semicircularis of the Queensland cane toad (Bufo marinus). AB - The ascending projections to the major midbrain auditory center of anura, the torus semicircularis, have been examined using the technique of retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Localized iontophoretic injections of HRP were made in one torus semicircularis of Queensland cane toads (Bufo marinus). Visualization of HRP-labeled neurons with tetramethyl benzidine revealed that the torus semicircularis receives its major afferent input from the ipsilateral superior olive. Other prominent projections arise in the contralateral dorsal nucleus of the eighth nerve and the contralateral torus semicircularis. HRP-labeled neurons were also associated with the lateral lemniscus at a level ventral and lateral to the nucleus isthmi on both sides. It is suggested that these neurons constitute diffuse nuclei of the lateral lemnisci. Relatively minor projections to the torus semicircularis arise in the contralateral superior olive, ipsilateral dorsal nucleus of the eighth nerve, and the ventral division of both the ipsilateral and contralateral eighth nerve nuclei. PMID- 6793646 TI - A histological and histochemical study of normal and diseased skeletal muscle in marmosets Callithrix jacchus. PMID- 6793647 TI - Public Act 81-225. Taxes affecting professionals and other unincorporated or incorporated businesses. PMID- 6793648 TI - Dentistry and the short-term offender. PMID- 6793649 TI - Fabrication of an immediate temporary bridge. PMID- 6793650 TI - [A case of Rieger's syndrome]. PMID- 6793651 TI - An outbreak of PCB poisoning. PMID- 6793653 TI - Nutritional support: formulas and delivery of enteral feeding. I. Enteral formulas. AB - Hospital malnutrition is a recognized condition that may be treated with a variety of feeding modalities. It is possible to achieve the goal of nutritional repletion with enteral feedings. Enteral feedings can now be prescribed for more types of patients because of our ability to better manipulate nutrition sources and the availability of modules and formulas designed for special use. The lower costs associated with enteral feeding have made it an option when nutritional support is required for a patient who has a functioning gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6793652 TI - Streptomyces albus: a new cause of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic lung disease known to be induced by the inhalation of either organic or inorganic antigens, and it may thus be associated with a variety of occupations and microorganisms. To identify an inciting allergen, environmental, bacteriologic, immunologic, and bronchial challenge studies must be employed. These techniques were used to demonstrate that a bacterium uniformly present in processed dirt, Streptomyces albus, was responsible for a biopsy-proven case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. PMID- 6793654 TI - Nutritional support: formulas and delivery of enteral feeding. II. Delivery systems. AB - As interest in enteral feeding formulas and techniques grows, the hardware (tubes, bags, pumps) is becoming increasingly sophisticated. Newer materials have eliminated earlier problems with feeding tubes, and different lengths and lumen sizes have made access to the gastrointestinal tract more efficient. Patients can be fed via nasoenteric access or directly via gastrostomy or jejunostomy. Enteral nutrition can be administered safely if a protocol for feeding patients and monitoring them regularly is followed. If done carefully, transitional feedings can also be carried out effectively. PMID- 6793655 TI - Microflora of the intertriginous toe surfaces of patients with athlete's foot. PMID- 6793656 TI - Thermoplastic ankle splint. PMID- 6793657 TI - Reflections on the American health care condition. PMID- 6793658 TI - The New York cost-of-regulation study: a severe case of myopia. PMID- 6793659 TI - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. AB - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction (IP) is an uncommon disorder of gut motility which must be differentiated from mechanical intestinal obstruction. We have seen 11 such patients over the last 5 years. Characteristic symptoms, shared by mechanical obstruction, include abdominal distention and pain, nausea, and vomiting. Radiologic studies reveal dilated loops of bowel with air fluid levels. In most patients a major differentiating feature from obstruction may be the presence of diarrhea rather than obstipation. Steatorrhea is secondary to an overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria in the motionless dilated loops of bowel. IP has been associated with various disorders: in our series two patients had scleroderma, one multiple small bowel diverticula, one systemic amyloidosis, one celiac disease, and one spinal cord injury; in only two patients was the disorder considered "idiopathic." Three patients had previously undergone a jejuno--ileal bypass for morbid obesity. During the acute episode, the patients were treated symptomatically with decompression by nasogastric or rectal tube with fluid and electrolyte replacement. Malabsorption treated with broad spectrum antibiotics reversing the steatorrhea but not episodes of pseudo-obstruction. Magnesium deficiency was present in seven patients and its correction resulted in amelioration of the symptom complex. In two patients episodes of pseudo obstruction were markedly reduced by metoclopramide which was not effective in two others. PMID- 6793660 TI - Head blebs: a new mutation on chromosome 4 of the mouse. AB - The development effects and inheritance of a new mutation in the mouse, head blebs, gene symbol heb, are described. This mutation is similar to two other autosomal recessive mutations, eb and my. Head blebs produces abnormal or missing eyes due to prenatal blebs, usually on the head, some fetal death, open eyelids, and folded retinas at birth. Extra toes or ectopic brains are occasionally observed. Affected adults usually have closed eyelids and atrophic eyes. Head blebs is located on chromosome 4, four units from pintail (Pt). PMID- 6793661 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of immunoglobulin in glutaraldehyde fixed resin embedded human tonsil by an indirect immunoperoxidase method. AB - A post-embedding method has been established for demonstrating intracellular immunoglobulin using an immunocytochemical technique on material which has been fixed to glutaraldehyde and resin embedded. This allows localisation at both a light and ultrastructural level with good preservation of tissue structure. PMID- 6793662 TI - Detection of human, rat and mouse adenosine deaminase by immunochemical and immunomorphologic methods using antiserum to calf enzyme. AB - A commercial preparation of calf adenosine deaminase (calf ADA) was further purified by affinity chromatography and used for immunization of rabbits. The resulting anti-calf-ADA sera reacted by immunodiffusion with both calf and human ADA, and precipitated about 90% of radiolabeled enzyme isolated from human thymus tissue. Moreover, ADA activity was detected in the pellets formed by immunoprecipitation of unlabeled human enzyme by anti-calf-ADA sera. These antisera were successfully used for the immunomorphologic localization of ADA in human thymus tissue and in lymphoid cell preparations. The anti-calf ADA sera could also be used for the immunofluorescent detection of enzyme in rat and mouse thymocytes. The utilization of anti-calf-ADA serum for immunochemical and immunomorphologic detection of enzyme provides a valuable and sensitive reagent for the identification of ADA-positive cells in humans and several other species. PMID- 6793663 TI - Preparation of anti-Gm sera by immunization of rabbits with protein A fractionated normal IgG proteins from Japanese: further study. AB - A method is described for the production of rabbit anti-Gm sera using normal IgG proteins and fragments thereof as the immunogens. Anti-G3m(16) and anti-G3m(21) were readily producible by immunizations with protein A-purified IgG3 proteins of G3m(13, 15, 16) and G3m(21) type, respectively. Anti-G1m(2), anti-G1m(3), and anti-G3m(5) were obtained by immunizations with type Gm(1, 2, 21) Fc fragments, type Gm(1, 3, 5, 13) IgG1-rich IgG, and type G3m(5, 13, 21) IgG3, respectively. These immune sera can distinguish the 9 Gm phenotypes in the Japanese. PMID- 6793664 TI - Diagnostic serology of tropical parasitic diseases. PMID- 6793665 TI - Hemolysis by the complement of tanned erythrocytes coated with cobra venom factor: a sensitive method to detect the alternative complement pathway activity of serum. AB - Sheep (Esh), human (Ehu), rabbit (Erab) or guinea pig (Egp) erythrocytes were treated with tannic acid and coated with cobra venom factor (CoVF), which activates the alternative complement pathway (ACP). Tanned erythrocytes (TE) coated with CoVF (TECoVF) were efficiently hemolyzed by guinea pig serum l(GPS) and/or rabbit serum (RabS) in Mg2+-EGTA-GVB (gelatin veronal-buffered saline containing 2 mM MgCl2 and 10 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N' tetraacetate). The reactivity of TEsh-CoVF, TEhu-CoVF and TErab-CoVF to the ACP of guinea pig and/or rabbit increased with the increased amount of CoVF fixed on TE until it was sensitive enough to be hemolyzed by serum diluted over 80 times in Mg2+-EGTA-GVB. The hemolysis of TECoVF by GPS was confirmed to be the result of ACP activation by the findings that the reaction was inhibited in EDTA-GVB, heating of GPS at 50 degrees C diminished its hemolytic potency, and fractions of factor B and factor D were essential to the sensitization of TECoVF for hemolysis by GPS in EDTA-GVB. On the other hand, none of the TE coated with CoVF were hemolyzed by human serum (HuS) diluted over 1 : 40. Although the low efficiency of HuS in TE-CoVF hemolysis remains to be explained, TE-CoVF will be useful for the detection of ACP activity of guinea pig and rabbit sera. PMID- 6793666 TI - Role of thiol compounds in mammalian melanin pigmentation: Part I. Reduced and oxidized glutathione. AB - Evidence for the postulated role of glutathione reductase in melanin pigmentation has been obtained by determinations of the glutathione concentrations in Tortoiseshell guinea pig skin of different colors (black, yellow, red, and white). As expected, the lowest levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were found associated with eumelanin type pigmentation, whereas the highest ones were found in the skin with phaeomelanin producing melanocytes. On the other hand, white skin of guinea pig having no active melanocytes showed GSH levels which were intermediate between those of the black and yellow areas. These results are consistent with the view that the activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase, though not primarily related to pigmentation, plays an important role in the regulation and control of the biosynthetic activity of melanocytes leading to various types of melanin pigments. PMID- 6793667 TI - [Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by the co-agglutination test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793668 TI - [An adult case of group-B meningococcal meningitis complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793669 TI - [Infectious complications of bone-marrow transplantation in a case of acute leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793670 TI - [Disease control of typhoid and paratyphoid: report of occurrence in 1976 and bacteriophage typing of isolated bacteria]. PMID- 6793671 TI - [Disease control of typhoid and paratyphoid: report of occurrence in 1977 and bacteriophage typing of isolated bacteria]. PMID- 6793672 TI - [Protected environment-prophylactic antibiotic program for autologous bone marrow transplantation. Intestinal decontamination for infection prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793673 TI - [A clinical study on 8 patients with malaria at the First Department of Internal Medicine, Yokohama City University School of Medicine in 20 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793674 TI - [Bacteriological study on specimens from the Department of Critical Care Medicine (DCCM), Nippon Medical School. I. Serotype and drug-sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793675 TI - [Experimental urinary tract infection with Proteus mirabilis in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793676 TI - [A clinical microbiological study on urinary tract infection of the aged with sequelae of cerebrovascular disorders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793677 TI - [[Studies of Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine using microradiography and histochemistry (author's transl)]. AB - ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is seen by X-ray as a condition which shows a heterotopically formed bony shadow at the posterior part of vertebral bodies of the cervical spine. OPLL causing severe myelopathy is called a Japanese disease. Recently, it has been shown that this condition is not only seen in Japan, but also in other countries especially in Asia. In order to obtain information of pathogenesis of this condition, the present author carried out histochemical investigations on 2 autopsy cases which had been treated as OPLL myelopathy, and 12 surgical materials. Totally 30 spinal vertebrae were examined. They were prepared for study with undemineralized ground sections mainly. The following results were obtained. 1) Microradiography revealed that the calcified tissue on the ligament had two marked structures, one was highly calcified tissue, and the other was bony tissue with lower density. 2) Most of the highly calcified tissue with variable distribution ranging from a sparse to a dense one contained round radiolucent spots probably consisting of cartilage-like cells. This type of calcified tissue is accompanied by the organic matrix, which was stainable with van Gieson stain, PAS reaction, Alcian blue stain and toluidin blue metachromasia. 3) A part of highly calcified tissue showed linearly distributed pattern without radiolucent round spots. This type of calcified tissue was also stained with van Gieson stain and PAS reaction. However, this organic matrix was not accompanied by marked reaction of acid mucopolysaccharides. 4) No essential histochemical difference was found between the highly calcified tissue on the ligament and other various types of heterotopically formed calcified tissue. 5) Microradiography revealed the remnant of resorption process at the boundary between the highly calcified tissue and the bony tissue. This finding of the resorption lacunae indicated that the highly calcified tissue was formed initially, followed by bone tissue formation. The process of internal remodeling was also observed in the bony tissue. 6) The distribution of the highly calcified tissue, bony tissue and resorption cavities indicated several patterns of remodeling process which was characterized by the new bone formation at the region near the vertebral body. These characteristics were apparently due to the mechanical stresses acting on this bony structures, as seen in some other heterotopic bone formations such as the healing process of fracture or tooth extraction socket. PMID- 6793678 TI - Blood-oxygen affinity and sickling in sickle cell disease: effect of prior deoxygenation. AB - The influence of prior deoxygenation on whole blood-oxygen affinity was determined in samples from persons with sickle cell anemia (SS blood) and compared to blood from normal and anemic subjects (AA blood). The oxygen affinity of SS blood (measured as P50) is significantly decreased when this blood is exposed for 30 min to nitrogen before the determination of the oxygen equilibrium curve. The decrease is directly related to the number of sickle cells that are present in the samples. The present work emphasizes the importance of experimental conditions on the results of the determination of SS blood-oxygen affinity and the difficulties inherent in the evaluation of in vivo oxygen transport in sickle cell disease. PMID- 6793679 TI - Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to serum bactericidal activity. A comparison of three methods with clinical correlations. AB - Twenty-nine blood culture isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested by three established methods to determine the effect of in vitro conditions on the survival of this organism in human serum. Clinical correlations were made to determine the relationship of serum resistance as defined by each method to clinical outcome. Major differences of bacterial survival in the presence of pooled normal human serum and in classification of isolates (sensitive, intermediate, resistant) were observed among the three methods. Isolates grown in broth for preparation of inocula demonstrated significantly greater sensitivity to serum bactericidal activity than those grown on agar. The use of organisms in early logarithmic growth phase or increased concentrations of serum augmented the serum sensitivity of these isolates. No correlation was observed between serum bactericidal activity and antibiotic susceptibility, pyocine type, patient mortality, or underlying disease. All strains of serotype 6 or 11 (immunotype 1 or 2) were serum-sensitive by one of the three methods. This study indicates that by testing isolates of P. aeruginosa under a variety of in vitro conditions, it is possible to identify a few isolates that are highly sensitive or resistant to serum under all conditions. The survival of the majority of strains of P. aeruginosa in human serum is highly dependent on in vitro conditions. Conclusions regarding the role of serum bactericidal activity in host defense must be drawn cautiously when based solely on in vitro tests. PMID- 6793680 TI - The extra-adrenal synthesis of epinephrine in rats. Possible involvement of dopamine sulfate. AB - Bilaterally adrenalectomized rats were administered [3H]L-dopa, [3H]DA, and [3H]DASO4. Both [3H]L-dopa and [3H]DASO4 were found to generate [3H]E in the urine and kidney tissues of adrenalectomized rats, whereas [3H]DA did not produce any detectable [3H]E. [3H]CAs in tissues and urine were analyzed by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The identities of the [3H]CAs in the urine were further verified by a double-labeling radioenzymatic technique. The results demonstrated that in the rat E can by synthesized outside the adrenals and that DASO4 can serve as an intermediate in such a synthesis. [3H]DASO4 was also converted to [3H]DA and [3H]NE, indicating that it can be metabolized in vivo and could be the source of free DA in urine. PMID- 6793681 TI - Steric effects at C-20 and C-24 on the metabolism of sterols by Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis were incubated with various sterols and the extent of dehydrogenation at C-7 and C-22 was determined. The sterols incubated were desmosterol, 22-dehydrodesmosterol, 24-methyldesmosterol, 24 alpha methylcholesterol (campesterol), 24-methylene-cholesterol, isohalosterol (26,27 bisnorcampesterol, also known as 24,24-dimethylchol-5-en-e beta-ol, a naturally occurring C26-sterol), and 20-isohalosterol. 20-Isohalosterol was not metabolized, while products with delta 7- and delta 22-bonds were formed from isohalosterol and all of the other sterols studied. This confirms an earlier conclusion, based on results with 20-isocholesterol and cholesterol, that inversion of the configuration from 20(R) to 20(S) completely prevents metabolism both in the nucleus and the side chain. On the other hand, changes in the electronics or stereochemistry at C-24 had a direct affect only on metabolism in the side chain. The presence of a methyl group at C-24 reduced the yield of metabolites with a delta 22-bond relative to those with a delta 7-bond producing an accumulation of 7-dehydro metabolite. A double bond at position-24 counteracted this steric effect, presumably by enhancing the rate of dehydrogenation, and a delta 24(28)-bond was more effect than was a delta 24(25) bond. PMID- 6793682 TI - Roles of fixatives and cryoprotectants in cryotechniques for electron microscopy: effects of glutaraldehyde and glycerol on structures and functions of platelets. PMID- 6793683 TI - Melanogenesis of retinal pigment epithelium of chick embryo. PMID- 6793684 TI - Acid-base and electrolyte status in carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to low environmental pH. AB - Carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to environmental water pH (pHw) step changes from 7.4 to 5.1, 5.1 to 4.0 and 4.0 to 3.5 pH, PCO2, PO2 and lactate in dorsal aortic blood, [Na+], [K+] and [Cl-] in dorsal aortic plasma, base loss, and ammonia excretion were determined as a function of time after each pHw step change. At pHw 5.1 the measured blood acid-base and electrolyte parameters remained essentially unchanged; the base loss, however, was increased by a factor of 2. When pHw was lowered to 4.0 an additional severe increase in the 'net base loss', expressed as the difference between base loss and ammonia excretion, resulted in progressive reduction of arterial pH and [HCO3-]. The electrolyte status was also severely disturbed by progressively falling plasma [Na+] and [Cl ], which is attributed to failure of the active H+/Na+ and HCO3-/Cl- exchange mechanisms in the gills. At pHw 4.0 the acid-exposure syndrome is characterized by acid-base and electrolyte disturbances apparently not related to hypoxia. However, at pHw 3.5, tissue hypoxia, due to disturbances of gill gas exchange and to Bohr and Root effects, appears to be an additional important factor aggravating the disturbances of acid-base and electrolyte status. PMID- 6793686 TI - Macro creatine kinase BB: evidence for specific binding between creatine kinase BB and immunoglobulin G. AB - In the sera of four female patients with proven IgG-linked creatine kinase BB (macro creatine kinase BB) we studied the nature of the binding between creatine kinase isoenzymes and immunoglobulin G. The specificity towards the isoenzyme bound, the recombination of the complex after treatment with acid buffer, the site of the binding between both partners and an apparently monoclonal nature of the immunoglobulin G involved in the complex indicate that a specific antigen antibody reaction is responsible for the existence of macro creatine kinase BB in the sera investigated. PMID- 6793687 TI - Kinetic and inhibition studies of Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase using a spectrophotometric method. AB - The use of a spectrophotometric method is reported for the characterization of a beta-lactamase (EC 3.5.2.6) from Bacillus cereus. Absorption coefficients of the mercaptides of various penicillins were determined with this method. The enzyme was kinetically characterized using penicillins. Inhibition studies with Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase and various penicillins showed a substrate type of inhibition, indicating an additional binding site for substrates without catalytic activity. The dissociation constant of this binding site was determined and the influence of this binding site upon the catalytic activity is discussed. Studies with beta-lactamase-stable penicillins as inhibitors and various penicillins showed different types of inhibition, which indicated the presence of an additional catalytically inactive binding site. Experiments with clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor without remarkable intrinsic antibacterial activity, showed a mixed type of inhibition. Based on the hypothesis for the existence of more than one substrate binding site on the enzyme, clavulanic acid was found to be bonded to both the catalytic active and the catalytic inactive binding site. PMID- 6793685 TI - Fibronectin and C4-binding protein are selectively bound by aggregated amyloid P component. AB - Serum amyloid P component (SAP) is a normal plasma protein, closely related to C reactive protein, which is deposited together with amyloid fibrils in all forms of amyloidosis. It is also a normal constituent of human tissues, where it is found in vascular basement membranes and in association with the peripheral microfibrillar mantle of elastic fibres throughout the body. Very similar, highly conserved, homologous proteins are present in the sera of all vertebrates in which they have been sought, and in all cases these proteins display calcium dependent binding affinity for agarose. The physiological function or pathogenetic significance of this reactivity are not known but we report here for the first time that under appropriate conditions human SAP can also bind certain serum glycoproteins. SAP, which had been aggregated either by direct conjugation to CNBr-activated Sepharose beads, or by complexing with anti-SAP antibodies immobilized on such beads, selectively took up fibronectin and C4-binding protein from whole normal human serum. The reaction was calcium dependent and the two ligands were bound independently of each other or of other serum constituents. Experiments with isolated fibronectin and SAP complexed by anti-SAP-Sepharose indicated that close association of pairs of SAP molecules was required for fibronectin to be bound and that each SAP dimer was capable of taking up a single molecule of fibronectin. There was no evidence that SAP in its native state in the serum was complexed with either fibronectin or C4-binding protein. The present findings significantly extend knowledge of the properties of SAP and open the way to characterisation of its physiological ligand(s) and thence to elucidation of its function. PMID- 6793688 TI - Tyrosinase subcellular distribution and kinetic parameters in wild type and C locus mutant C57BL/6J mice. AB - The distribution and kinetic parameters of tyrosinase (EC 1.14.-18.1) from anagen hair follicles of the C57BL/6J mouse and several c-locus mutants were investigated. The results showed that c-locus mutations not only influenced the total tyrosinase activity, but the subcellular distribution as well. The kinetic parameters of tyrosinase were not influenced by the pigment mutations, suggesting that the mutations were not influencing the structure of the enzyme. PMID- 6793689 TI - Wound healing in the imaginal discs of Drosophila. II. Transmission electron microscopy of normal and healing wing discs. PMID- 6793690 TI - Uptake and release of 45Ca by Myxicola axoplasm. AB - The binding and release of 45Ca by axoplasm isolated from Myxicola giant axons were examined. Two distinct components of binding were observed, one requiring ATP and one not requiring ATP. The ATP-dependent binding was largely prevented by the addition of mitochondrial inhibitors, whereas the ATP-independent component was unaffected by these inhibitors. The ATP-independent binding accounted for roughly two-thirds of the total 45Ca uptake in solutions containing an ionized [Ca2+] = 0.54 microM and was the major focus of this investigation. This fraction of bound 45Ca was released from the axoplasm at a rate that increased with increasing concentrations of Ca2+ in the incubation fluid. The ions Cd2+ and Mn2+ were also able to increase 45Ca efflux from the sample, but Co2+, Ni2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ had no effect. The concentration-response curves relating the 45Ca efflux rate coefficients to the concentration of Ca2+, Cd2+, and Mn2+ in the bathing solution were S-shaped. The maximum rate of efflux elicited by one of these divalent ions could not be exceeded by adding a saturating concentration of a second ion. Increasing EGTA concentration in the bath medium from 100 to 200 microM did not increase 45Ca efflux; yet increasing the concentration of the EGTA buffer in the uptake medium from 100 to 200 microM and keeping ionized Ca2+ constant caused more 45Ca to be bound by the axoplasm. These results suggest the existence of high-affinity, ATP-independent binding sites for 45Ca in Myxicola axoplasm that compete favorably with 100 microM EGTA. The 45Ca efflux results are interpreted in terms of endogenous sites that interact with Ca2+, Cd2+, or Mn2+. PMID- 6793691 TI - Relationship between Herpesvirus ateles-associated nuclear antigen (HATNA) and the number of virus genome equivalents in HVA-carrying lymphoid lines. AB - A DNA-binding antigen (HATNA) was demonstrated in 7 out of 14 cell lines carrying Herpesvirus ateles (HVA) by the acid-fixed nuclear-binding technique. The seven HATNA-positive lines had means of 95, 96, 103, 177, 240, 343 and 326 virus genome equivalents/cell. For the seven HATNA-negative lines, the figures were 4, 8, 10, 33, 39, 72 and 110. This indicates a relationship between the number of HVA genome equivalents/cell and the detectability of HATNA. This association was independent of the virus producer status of the lines. PMID- 6793692 TI - Isolation of cowpox virus clones deficient in production of type A inclusions: relationship to the production of diffusible LS antigen. AB - Cowpox virus clones (A- clones) deficient in production of type A inclusions were isolated from two cowpox strains, Amsterdam and 53. These clones did not differ from their parents in major markers such as pock morphology in chorioallantoic membranes and pathogenicity in the rabbit skin. However, the LS antigens induced by A- clones developed precipitin lines in agar gel diffusion tests, while the antigens from their parents failed to precipitate. Immunofluorescence and agar gel diffusion tests revealed that antigens detectable by antisera against purified type A inclusions and LS antigens were closely related to each other. These findings suggest that the A- clones might be variants of cowpox virus which have lost the ability to assemble LS antigens into type A inclusions. PMID- 6793693 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the liver of patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Electron microscopy examination of liver biopsies from 8 patients with chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis revealed ultrastructural changes similar to those previously described in chimpanzees with experimentally induced acute non-A, non B hepatitis. These changes consisted of intranuclear clusters of electron-dense, 15-27-nm particles that were detected in five out of the eight patients and of circular cytoplasmic structures that were present in seven cases. Other cytoplasmic abnormalities found in our patients related to the presence of curved membranes apparently developing from apposition of two cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. In contrast with what has been reported in infected chimpanzees, the nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were not mutually exclusive in our patients, but coexisted in four of them. PMID- 6793694 TI - Effects of L-deprenyl on human growth hormone secretion. AB - The effects of L-deprenyl on L-dopa-, apomorphine- and L-tryptophan-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in thirteen healthy male volunteers. An acute 10 mg dose of L-deprenyl did not stimulate the basal GH secretion. Short term L-deprenyl premedication significantly enhanced the L-dopa-stimulated GH release. In contrast, L-deprenyl premedication did not change the GH response to apomorphine or L-tryptophan. Potentiation of L-dopa-induced GH release by L deprenyl indicates an increased availability of dopamine at the receptor level without a direct agonistic effect by the drug. Furthermore, L-deprenyl does not change the function of postsynaptic dopamine receptors involved in human GH release. PMID- 6793696 TI - Characteristics of saccadic dysmetria in monkeys during reversible lesions of medial cerebellar nuclei. AB - 1. The accuracy of saccadic eye movements made by trained Cebus monkeys was studied during reversible lesions produced by cooling through probes implanted between the interpositus and fastigial nuclei (medial probe) or lateral to the dentate nucleus (lateral probe). 2. Cooling through the lateral probe did not impair the accuracy of vertical or horizontal saccades, However, cooling through the medial probe produced a dysmetria whose magnitude was dependent on the position of the eye and on the direction of the saccade. 3. The amplitude/duration relation of dysmetria saccades was not significantly different from that of normal saccades. 4. The trajectories of the horizontal and vertical components of oblique saccades remained essentially straight during medial probe cooling in spite of unequal dysmetria in the two components. This suggests that the mechanism that produces a dysmetria in one component must interact with the gaze center that determines the duration of the other component. 5. Cerebellar nuclear cooling through either lateral of medial probes did not alter the saccadic reaction time to a randomly timed step change in target position. This result differs from that found for limb movements where cerebellar dysmetria was associated with increased reaction times. 6. These results provide evidence that the cerebellum through the medial nuclei normally plays a role in terminating, but not in initiating, saccades. PMID- 6793695 TI - The sensitivity of cortical neurons to serotonin: effect of chronic treatment with antidepressants, serotonin-uptake inhibitors and monoamine-oxidase-blocking drugs. AB - The sensitivity of rostral and cingulate cortical neurons to microiontophoretically administered serotonin (5-HT) was compared in groups of rats treated either acutely or chronically for different periods with various drugs. The drugs used were: desipramine (10 mg/kg), clomipramine (10 mg/kg), CGP 6085 (10 mg/kg), clorgyline (0.3 mg/kg), and deprenyl (1 mg/kg). Serotonin and, in some instances, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were applied microiontophoretically over periods of 60 sec with various ejection currents to spontaneously active neurons in the rostral and cingulate cortex. Of all the compounds tested, only clorgyline produced a marked desensitization to 5-HT in both cortical areas. After prolonged treatment with all the other drugs, no change in the sensitivity to serotonin was observed. The desensitization to 5-HT induced by clorgyline developed after 4 to 10 days of treatment. The responsiveness of these cells to GABA was unchanged after chronic exposure to clorgyline. The present results are consistent with those biochemical studies showing that chronic treatment with 5-HT-uptake-blocking compounds has no effect on 5-HT-binding characteristics, as well as with the observation that prolonged treatment with the monoamine-oxidase A-type blocker clorgyline reduces the number of 5-HT-binding sites. PMID- 6793697 TI - Developmental stage-specific changes in lectin binding to mouse cerebellar cells in vitro. AB - Eleven fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated (FITC) lectins, each with distinct carbohydrate-binding properties, were used to assess cell surface glycoconjugates of embryonic and early postnatal cerebellar cells in vitro. Fluorescence staining of embryonic day 13 (E13) cerebellar cells with FITC Ricinus communis agglutinin diminished markedly between 24 and 72 hr in vitro. No staining of postnatal day 0 (P0) or postnatal day 7 (P7) cells was observed with FITC Ricinus communis agglutinin. A similar, but less pronounced decrease in FITC concanavalin A, FITC Lens culinaris, and FITC wheat germ agglutinin was observed between embryonic day 13 and birth. No specific staining of E13, P0, or P7 cultures was observed with FITC peanut agglutinin, FITC Dolichos bifloris agglutinin, FITC soybean agglutinin, FITC Wistaria floribundis agglutinin, FITC Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin, FITC Limulus polyphemus agglutinin, or FITC Ulex europaeusI agglutinin. Similar results were obtained with 125I-lectin binding assays. Ricinus communis 125-I-agglutinin binding decreased dramatically between embryonic day 13 and birth. Less pronounced decreases were observed in 125I concanavalin A and wheat germ 125I-agglutinin binding. Very low levels of soybean 125I-agglutinin or Ulex europaeusI 125I-agglutinin were bound by either embryonic or early postnatal cerebellar cells in vitro. PMID- 6793698 TI - Serotonin autoreceptors on dorsal raphe neurons: structure-activity relationships of tryptamine analogs. AB - A series of indole-ethylamines were tested for their ability to suppress the spontaneous firing of single dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons in the rat. The compounds were all derivatives of either tryptamine or N,N-dimethyltryptamine possessing hydroxy or methoxy substituents on the benzene ring portion of the indole nucleus. Their activity was assessed using quantitative microiontophoresis or following systemic (intravenous) administration. The serotonin autoreceptor or so-called "S2 receptor" mediating the inhibition of raphe serotonergic neurons was found to exhibit a high degree of structural specificity among the closely related tryptamine analogs. The following structure-activity rules were demonstrated: (1) for either hydroxy or methoxy derivatives, the relative favorability of the ring positions conforms to the series 5 much greater than 4 greater than 6; (2) methoxy derivatives are more sensitive to a shift of the ring substituent from the 5- to the 4- or 6-positions than are hydroxy compounds; and (3) activity is enhanced by N,N-dimethylation. Furthermore, addition of a methyl group at the 7-position of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine markedly reduces the activity of this potent agonist. Of the radioligands which label brain serotonin receptors, the pharmacological characteristics of D-[3H]lysergic acid diethylamide binding best correspond to those displayed by the S2 receptor as determined in the present physiological analysis, although sufficient data are not yet available to make a complete comparison. PMID- 6793699 TI - Effect of energy restriction on total heat production, basal metabolic rate, and specific dynamic action of food in rats. AB - Man and experimental animals are able to adapt to restricted levels of energy intake mainly by a reduction in basal metabolic rate (BMR) while the effects of energy restriction on the specific dynamic action (SDA) of food and the spontaneous activity are less well established. In this study, growing rats were fed ad libitum or restricted amounts of diet during 28-31 days. Then total heat production (THP) and BMR during 22 hours, as well as SDA of a test meal, were measured on individual rats by indirect calorimetry. After the calorimeter study rats were kept in metabolic cages for 6 days after which they were killed and analyzed for total body composition. The energy balance of the rats over the last 7 days of the study was calculated from changes in body composition and measurements of food intake during this period. During the calorimeter experiment an indirect estimation of the spontaneous activity of the rat was made. Results showed that THP, BMR and SDA of restricted rats were significantly lower than for ad libitum-fed rats. From body composition measurements, rats restricted in food intake before the calorimetry study were found to mobilize more protein and less fat compared to rats fed ad libitum until the calorimetry and body composition studies were carried out. No difference in spontaneous activity was observed between the two dietary treatments. PMID- 6793700 TI - Effect of dietary level of ascorbic acid on the growth, hepatic lipid peroxidation, and serum lipids in guinea pigs fed polychlorinated biphenyls. AB - Rats exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) or other xenobiotics exhibit an increase in tissue and urinary ascorbic acid, serum cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxidation. To clarify the physiological role of ascorbic acid in exposure to PCB, we studied the influence of dietary levels of ascorbic acid (30-2,000 ppm) on the growth, serum lipids and hepatic lipid peroxidation in guinea pigs fed 50 ppm PCB-containing diets. The results showed that the growth depression due to PCB was ameliorated by increasing dietary ascorbic acid. The increases in serum cholesterol and phospholipid and in hepatic lipid peroxidation due to PCB were suppressed by larger amounts of ascorbic acid, which inversely correlated with the changes in growth. PCB intake also increased serum levels of cortisol and triglyceride, but these effects were not influenced by dietary level of ascorbic acid. The optimum requirement of ascorbic acid in the guinea pigs fed PCB was 800 2,000 ppm in the diet for the changes in the growth, serum cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6793701 TI - Orotic aciduria caused by feeding excess lysine to growing rats. AB - Two 14-day factorial experiments were performed to assess changes in growth, feed intake and urinary orotic acid excretion of weanling male Sprague-Dawley rats. The dietary variables investigated included the percentage of dietary casein in the basal diet, its supplementation with 5% lysine-HCl or 1% arginine-HCl and sucrose or two parts dextrin and one part sucrose as the only form of carbohydrate. The response to 5% supplemental lysine was strikingly similar to that seen with arginine-free diets. With 5% lysine added to 15% casein diets, growth decreased 25% and feed efficiency 20% while orotic acid excretion increased significantly. When 5% lysine was added to diets with 7.5 or 30% casein, these responses were smaller and were prevented by the simultaneous feeding of 1% arginine. Growth depression by lysine was partially reversed by replacing two-thirds of the dietary sucrose with dextrin. When unsupplemented, the casein diets containing only sucrose as carbohydrate supported less growth than the same diets containing the dextrin sucrose mixture. This difference was abolished by supplementation with 1% arginine, suggesting that sucrose increases arginine requirements for optimal growth. The data are consistent with the conclusion that orotic acid excretion is a useful index for determining when lysine excess is producing a functional deficiency of arginine. PMID- 6793702 TI - Effects of vitamin E deficiency on the relative incorporation of 14C-arachidonate into platelet lipids of rabbits. AB - THe potential influence of vitamin E in vivo on the transformation of 14C arachidonate (14C-ArA) in washed platelets from vitamin E-depleted, pair-fed control and ad libitum-fed control rabbits was investigated. We considered rabbits vitamin E-depleted when their plasma total tocopherol levels were less than 50% of initial values. By week 7 deficient rabbits exhibited significantly lower (p less than 0.01) plasma and platelet tocopherol levels and significantly higher (p less than 0.01) urinary creatine:creatinine ratios than those of controls. Thrombin treatment of platelet suspensions that were previously incubated with 14C-ArA resulted in significantly greater (P less than 0.05) losses of radiolabel from phospholipids (PL) and significantly greater (P less than 0.05) 14C incorporation into prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) fractions from deficient animals than those of either control group. The significantly greater (P less than 0.05) losses in lipid phosphorus content of phosphatidylcholine (PC) fractions corroborated the significantly diminished (P less than 0.05) radiolabel detected in the PC fraction of deficient animals with thrombin activation. Such findings suggest an enhancement of thrombin-induced phospholipase A2 (PLPA) activity in platelets of vitamin E-deficient rabbits compared to that of controls. PMID- 6793703 TI - Stability, bactericidal activity, vitamin B6 activity and gastrointestinal absorption of benzoic acid esters of pyridoxine. AB - alpha 4-O-Benzoyl-pyridoxine (PN-4'MB) and alpha 5-O-benzoyl-pyridoxine (PN-5'MB) were hydrolyzed in 10% aqueous solution of acetone at pH 1-4. They were hydrolyzed obeying apparent first-order kinetics. In the pH range of 1-7, PN-4'MB was hydrolyzed 10 times faster than PN-5'-MB. At pH 7-12, an interconversion between the two derivatives was observed. They were bactericidal against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and prevented severe convulsions induced in mouse by 4'-methoxypyridoxine, a potent antagonist of vitamin B6. PN-4'MB was hydrolyzed with the homogenate of rat liver more easily than PN-5'MB. The metabolite of PN-MBs in man was identified as 4'-pyridoxic acid, i.e., a principal metabolite of PN, using high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of urinary excretion of 4'-pyridoxic acid in 10 hr after oral administration of PN-4'MB or PN-5'MB was as large as that of PN. PMID- 6793705 TI - Significance of occlusion in the etiology and treatment of early, moderate, and advanced periodontitis. AB - Elimination of lesions diagnostic of trauma from occlusion is an essential part of complete periodontal therapy and restoration of health in the masticatory system for such patients. This can be achieved by orthodontic treatment, temporary splinting, bite-planes, occlusal adjustment and permanent splinting of teeth. Occlusal therapy may be required during periodontal treatment for trauma from occlusion and to enhance occlusal stability at any stage of periodontitis, but is most often needed in advanced periodontitis. Splinting of hypermobility of self-limiting trauma from occlusion is not indicated. Splinting may be required in addition to occlusal adjustment in moderate to severe periodontitis when trauma from occlusion is progressive. PMID- 6793706 TI - Sporicidal effect of different aldehyde based preparations. PMID- 6793704 TI - Presence of O-glycosidic linkage through serine residue in kappa-casein component from bovine mature milk. AB - This paper describes the glycosylation sites of kappa-casein component P-5 from bovine mature milk. A short glycopeptide was prepared from kappa-casein component P-5 containing two carbohydrate chains by pronase P digestion, followed by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatographies. The glycopeptide obtained corresponded to residues 128-141 (Gly-Glu-Pro-Thr-Ser-Thr-Pro-Thr-Thr-Glu-Ala-Val Glu-Ser) of kappa-casein A from the results of analyses with chemical and enzymatic procedures. The effect of alkaline borohydride treatment indicated the presence of serine as well as threonine as the binding site of carbohydrate moieties. From the facts of Edman degradation and carboxypeptidase P hydrolysis of glycopeptide treated with alkali, the carbohydrate moieties were considered to be attached to threonine residue No. 133 and serine residue No. 141. PMID- 6793707 TI - Effect of cyclic dipeptides containing histidine on pentobarbital narcosis. AB - We examined the effect of cyclo (His-Pro) and its analogs on pentobarbital narcosis in mice. Cyclo (His-Pro), 500 nmol/mouse, administered via intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route significantly prolonged the sleeping time. Methylation of histidine in the structure of cyclo (His-Pro) did not increase the activity of cyclo (His-Pro). Some of other cyclo (His-Pro) analogs, of which proline was replaced with other amino acids, cyclo (His-Phe), cyclo (His-Tyr), cyclo (His-His) and cyclo (D-His-Leu) produced significant prolongation of the sleeping time as compared with cyclo (His-Pro). These results suggest that cyclo (His-Pro) has opposing effect to that of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and the prolongation of pentobarbital narcosis by cyclic dipeptides might be caused by their central action. PMID- 6793708 TI - [Pharmacological studies of sodium alginate. I. Protective effect of sodium alginate on mucous membranes of upper-gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6793709 TI - Differential antagonism by metergoline of the behavioral effects of indolealkylamine and phenethylamine hallucinogens in the rat. PMID- 6793710 TI - Practolol metabolism. III. Irreversible binding of [14C]practolol metabolite(s) to mammalian liver microsomes. AB - The irreversible binding of [14C]practolol metabolites to mammalian liver microsomes was studied in vitro. Binding occurred by covalent linkage to amino acids of microsomal proteins. The binding reaction was dependent on oxygen, NADPH, reaction time, microsomal protein content and substrate concentration and was inhibited by carbon monoxide, glutathione and albumin. Albumin inhibition resulted in the binding of reactive metabolite(s) to this serum protein. Hamster (Syrian) liver microsomes had the highest rate of binding and 3-hydroxypractolol formation and marmoset the lowest. The reduced binding of [acetyl-14C]practolol compared to [phenyl-14C]practolol to hamster liver microsomes, but not rat, indicated that metabolites with and without the acetyl grouping were bound in this species. The binding of [14C]desacetylpractolol to hamster liver microsomes was greater than the binding of practolol. Sodium fluoride caused both an increase and a decrease of practolol binding to microsomes from pooled hamster livers, whereas there was a consistent increases in binding to microsomes from individual hamster livers. The collective data indicate that electrophilic metabolites of practolol, possibly N-hydroxylation of the acetyl-amino grouping are formed by the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent drug metabolizing enzyme system. These metabolites can react irreversibly with tissue and serum proteins which could be sufficiently altered to be recognized as antigens. PMID- 6793711 TI - Adrenochrome-induced coronary artery constriction in the rat heart. AB - Adrenochrome, an oxidation product of epinephrine, has been demonstrated to produce cardiotoxic effects. In this study, we have investigated whether this agent can alter coronary resistance in isolated rat hearts. Concentrations of adrenochrome from 1 to 1000 ng/ml increased coronary pressure in a dose- and time dependent manner. The highest concentration produced a 3-fold elevation in pressure after a 1-hr perfusion. Myocardial contractile force decreased only with either 100 or 1000 ng/ml of adrenochrome and this effect was evident after substantial elevations in coronary pressure. The elevation in coronary pressure was significantly reduced by two calcium antagonists, verapamil and D-600. Furthermore, the degree of constriction by adrenochrome was dependent on the CaCl2 concentration in the perfusion medium. High concentrations of indomethacin or propranolol attenuated the degree of coronary pressure elevation, whereas acetylsalicylic acid and phenoxybenzamine were without effect. Sulfinpyrazone, which has been shown to reduce the arrhythmogenic action of adrenochrome in vivo, significantly reduced the coronary pressure increases. These results suggest that adrenochrome is a potent coronary constricting agent in the rat heart and its action is seemingly dependent on external Ca++ availability. PMID- 6793712 TI - Change in sensitivity to insulin hypoglycemic convulsions after gold thioglucose treatment: time course of development. AB - The sensitivity to insulin hypoglycemic convulsions has been shown to decrease at early times (16 and 24 hr) and increase at later times (1 week) after gold thioglucose (GTG) treatment. Systemically administered GTG is well known to produce hyperphagia, resulting in obesity, and cytological damage focused relatively selectively in the ventromedial hypothalamic area (VMH). Both of these effects on insulin hypoglycemic convulsions occur before the weight gain, but at a time when histological damage visible with cresyl violet stain has already appeared. Both of these changes reflect a difference in the convulsive response to hypoglycemia, rather than a differences in the degree of hypoglycemia in response to insulin. No functional change in the convulsive sensitivity was found at still earlier times during the latency in establishing the histological damage visible with cresyl violet. These results suggest that GTG lesions a relatively discrete brain region involved in adjusting the functional response of the brain to hypoglycemia, including a composite of two opposite regulatory components. The significance of such a control center in relation to energy metabolism in brain is discussed. Moreover, it has been postulated that the glucose moiety of GTG binds to glucoreceptors in the VMH to focus the cytoxicity of the gold thioportion at that site. These results are also discussed in relation to this proposed mechanism for concentration and hence localization of GTG toxicity in the VMH. PMID- 6793713 TI - The nuclear envelope as a site of glucuronyltransferase in rat liver: properties of and effect of inducers on enzyme activity. AB - The formation of p-nitrophenylglucuronide from p-nitrophenol and [14C]uridine disphosphoglucuronic acid was demonstrated in intact rat liver nuclei and nuclear membranes. Most of the enzymatic activity in nuclei (80%) was localized in the nuclear envelope. Several in vitro activators of microsomal glucuronyltransferase had no effect on enzyme activity in whole nuclei, but were effective in stimulating the activity in nuclear membranes; however, the magnitude of activation (45%) was much less than with microsomes (500%). UDP-N acetylglucosamine had no effect on nuclear UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity in whole nuclei or in nuclear membrane preparations. The nuclear membrane enzyme(s) did not obey simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics in native or detergent-activated enzyme preparations. The kinetic behavior did not change upon activation and the apparent Km values remained constant, 1.0 and 0.7 mM for UDP-glucuronic acid and nitrophenol, respectively. Nuclear membrane UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity was increased 3-fold by pretreatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. Phenobarbital or trans-stilbene oxide pretreatment had no effect on nuclear enzyme activity. In contrast, microsomal UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity was increased upon pretreatment with all of these inducers. The results suggest that rat hepatic nuclear glycuronyltransferase activity is localized in the nuclear envelope and that the activity is possibly under a different control mechanism than tha for the microsomes. The properties and physiological significance of the nuclear enzyme are discussed. PMID- 6793714 TI - Effect of volume expansion and furosemide diuresis on the renal clearance of digoxin. AB - The effect of volume expansion with normal saline and 10% mannitol and increasing urine flow rate with furosemide on the fractional renal clearance of digoxin (CDIG/CIN) was studied in dogs given a constant infusion of digoxin of 0.010 micrograms/kg/min. With saline and mannitol volume expansion CDIG/CIN increased from 0.58 +/- 0.33 (S.D) and 0.54 +/- 0.14, respectively, to 1.28 +/- 0.14 and 1.13 +/- 0.22, respectively (P less than .005), as urine flow increased from 0.5 to 24 ml/min. With furosemide urine flow increased from 0.5 to 22 ml/min but CDIG/CIN remained constant at 0.63 +/- 0.18. We concluded that volume expansion but not urine flow rate substantially increases CDIG/CIN. We speculate that digoxin is at least partially, it not entirely, reabsorbed passively in the proximal tubule. PMID- 6793716 TI - The septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway: role in antagonism of pentobarbital anesthesia and regulation by various afferents. PMID- 6793715 TI - Attenuation by arachidonic acid of the effect of vasoconstrictor stimuli in the canine kidney. AB - The effect of arachidonic acid on the renal vasoconstrictor response elicited by sympathetic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and angiotensin II in pentobarbital anesthetized dogs, with and without pretreatment with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, sodium meclofenamate or indomethacin was investigated. Stimulation of renal nerves at 2 to 8 Hz or injections into the renal artery of either norepinephrine or angiotensin II (0.06-0.5 micrograms) produced vasoconstriction and decreased blood flow to the kidney in frequency- and dose-related manners, respectively. In animals that were untreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, renal arterial infusion of arachidonic acid at 15 micrograms kg-1 min-1 increased blood flow to the kidney and attenuated the vasoconstrictor effect of renal nerve stimulation, injected norepinephrine and angiotensin II. However, in dogs pretreated with either sodium meclofenamate or indomethacin (5 mg/kg), infusion of arachidonic acid failed to alter the renal blood flow and the vasoconstrictor response elicited by both adrenergic stimuli and by angiotensin II. In contrast, pretreatment of animals with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, sodium meclofenamate, did not prevent either prostaglandin E2 or prostacyclin (4 ng kg-1 min-1) from increasing renal blood flow and inhibiting the renal vasoconstrictor response produced by either adrenergic stimuli or by angiotensin II. These data suggest that arachidonic acid produces renal vasodilation and attenuates the vasoconstrictor effect of the adrenergic stimuli and angiotensin II through its transformation by cyclooxygenase into one or more produced, presumably prostaglandin E2 and/or prostacyclin. PMID- 6793717 TI - Ethacrynic acid inhibits transcellular NaCl reabsorption in dog kidneys in doses of 1 to 10 mg.kg-1 and proximal bicarbonate-dependent reabsorption at higher doses. AB - In anesthetized dogs, sodium reabsorption in the kidney tubule was continuously reduced with increasing dosage of ethacrynic acid until 59% of the filtered load was excreted with 25 mg.kg-1 at constant glomerular filtration rate. With 50 mg.kg-1, glomerular filtration rate fell, but fractional sodium reabsorption was further reduced by 7%. In the dosage range of 1 to 10 mg.kg-1, ethacrynic acid inhibited chloride but not bicarbonate reabsorption, and the ratio between reductions in sodium reabsorption and oxygen consumption (delta Na/delta O2) averaged 25.5 +/- 5.2. With doses of 25 and 50 mg.kg-1, ethacrynic acid further reduced chloride reabsorption, reduced fractional bicarbonate reabsorption by 17% and almost halved phosphate reabsorption, whereas delta Na/delta O2 rose significantly to 65.3 +/- 12.2. Renal cortical carbonic anhydrase activity was normal and the inhibitory effect of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on bicarbonate reabsorption was unimpaired. We conclude that ethacrynic acid in doses up to 10 mg.kg-1 exclusively inhibits transcellular NaCl reabsorption, but in higher doses interferes with bicarbonate reabsorption and bicarbonate-dependent passive reabsorption of NaCl in the proximal tubules without inhibiting carbonic anhydrase activity. PMID- 6793718 TI - Serotonin and thermoregulation: old and new views. AB - An overview is presented of the evidence favouring a pivotal role for serotoninergic neurons in the diencephalon's control system for body temperature. 1. Morphological investigations of the anterior hypothalamus reveal that 5-HT injected locally into this thermosensitive zone evokes a hyperthermia in virtually all species. Pharmacological blocking agents of serotoninergic receptors antagonize the 5-HT-induced rise in an animal's temperature. 2. Further, the destruction of serotoninergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic pre-optic area of a rat or monkey severely impairs the heat production responses during cold stress. 3. In addition, the release of 5-HT from anterior hypothalamic tissue is enhanced significantly when the animal is exposed to a cold environmental temperature, and subsequently shivers, vasoconstricts and conserves heat. 4. New observations are described which show that 5-HT may elicit a fall in temperature as a result of the: (1) overloading of 5-HT receptor sites in the anterior hypothalamus; and/or (2) occupation by 5-HT of either noradrenergic or dopaminergic receptors, or both classes of catecholamine receptors which are believed to mediate the hypothalamic pathways for heat loss. 5. Finally, new data also implicate neuronal 5-HT, again only within the anterior hypothalamic pre-optic area, in the cellular mechanism which triggers a fever in response to a bacterial challenge. Thus, the serotoninergic neurons underlying the rostral hypothalamic temperature controller are responsible not only for the defense of an animal's body temperature during exposure to cold, but also for initiating the shift in the temperature "set-point" during a febrile episode. PMID- 6793719 TI - [Actions of a gastrin agonist isolated from antral mucosa: histamine-like effects; comparison with histamine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793720 TI - [Heat production, blood flow, O2 uptake and CO2 output in the secretary process of the dog submandibular gland (author's transl)]. AB - 1. Under normal circulation of the dog submandibular gland, the electrical stimulation induced a massive salivary secretion (about 0.35 ml . min-1.g-1 gland weight) and an increase in the glandular temperature (about 0.2 degrees C). The heat production was calculated of about 60 mW.g-1. 2. Clamping of the glandular artery made both of secretion and heat production to be transient. The early peak of secretion was about 0.12 ml.min-1.g and that of heat production was 7 approximately 10mW,g-1. Then each 1 ml secretion followed about 4.6 J heat production. 3. Under constant blood flow in the glandular circulation, the secretory process was divided clearly into 2 phases of peak and plateau. The glandular temperature increased about 0.12 degrees C with an early temperature drop. In the secretory plateau phase, the secretary rate was about 0.043 ml.min 1.g-1, the heat production was about 5 approximately 7 mW.g-1 and each 1 ml secretion caused about 8.2 J heat production. 4. The rate of oxygen uptake was about 20.9 microl.min-1g-1 at the resting state. The maximum during secretion was about 192 microliter.min-1.g-1. THe half time of the recovery process of O2 uptake tended slightly longer than that of heat production. 5. THe rate of CO2 output was about 21.8 microliter.min-1.g-1 at resting. The maximum during secretion was about 142 microliter.min-1.g-1 R. Q. were about 1 at resting and about 0.74 under secretion. PMID- 6793721 TI - Polydioxanone: a new synthetic absorbable suture. PMID- 6793723 TI - A model for oxygen-dependent damage from OH radicals in irradiated suspensions of bacterial spores. PMID- 6793722 TI - Parenteral nutrition: the team approach. PMID- 6793725 TI - Ossification in abdominal scars. AB - Three cases of heterotopic ossification in abdominal scars are presented. The aetiology and pathogenesis of this condition are discussed with reference to the literature. Awareness of its occurrence will prevent anxiety and unnecessary investigations. When symptomatic, the treatment is local excision with or without local irradiation. PMID- 6793724 TI - The effects of quercetin, 1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, cytochalasin A and nordihydroguaiaretic acid on lysosomal enzyme secretion, arachidonic acid metabolism and Ca2+ fluxes in rabbit neutrophils. PMID- 6793726 TI - Folate analogues altered in the C9-N10 bridge region. 18. Synthesis and antitumor evaluation of 11-oxahomoaminopterin and related compounds. AB - The chemical synthesis of 11-oxahomoaminopterin (1) has been carried out using procedures which were also found to be applicable to the synthesis of 11 oxahomofolic acid (2). Reaction of 1-bromo-4-[p-(caarbomethoxy)phenoxy]-2 butanone (10) with sodium azide gave 1-azido-4-[p-(carbomethoxy)phenoxy]-2 butanone (11). Protection of the carbonyl group of 11 as the ethylene ketal and subsequent base hydrolysis of the product gave 1-azido-4-(p-carboxyphenoxy)-2 butanone ketal (13). The glutamate conjugate 14 was prepared from 13 by the isobutyl chloroformate method and was hydrogenated to diethyl N-[(alpha-amino-2 oxo-4-butanoyl)-p-anisoyl]-L-glutamate ketal (15). Reaction of 15 with 6-chloro 2,4-diamino-5-nitropyrimidine (16) and 2-amino-6-chloro-4-hydroxy-5 nitropyrimidine (17) and deprotection of the corresponding products gave the intermediates 18 and 19, which were elaborated to 1 and 2 using a series of steps involving deprotection, dithionite reduction, cyclization, oxidation, and hydrolysis. Although 11-oxahomoaminopterin showed antifolate activity against two folate-requiring microorganisms and inhibited Lactobacillus casei DHFR, it was inactive against L-1210 leukemia in mice at a maximum dose of 48 mg/kg. Compound Lactobacillus casei DHFR, it was inactive against L-1210 leukemia in mice at a maximum dose of 48 mg/kg. Compound 1 was also tested for its ability to be transported via the methotrexate transport system using the L-1210 and Ehrlich tumor cell lines, and these results are compared with those of related analogues. The growth inhibitory activity of 1 in the L-1210 cell lines in culture was found to be 15 times weaker than that of methotrexate. PMID- 6793727 TI - Cyclic urea and thiourea derivatives as inducers of murine erythroleukemia differentiation. AB - A series of derivatives of tetramethylurea, a known inducer of the differentiation of Friend erythroleukemia cells, has been synthesized and tested for its capacity to induce erythroid maturation, as measured by the synthesis of hemoglobin. Cyclic urea and thiourea derivatives consisting of five-, six-, and seven-membered ring systems containing N-alkyl substituents were prepared. Most of these agents were relatively effective inducers od differentiation, with N alkyl substitution appearing to be essential for maximum response. The most potent agents developed were N,N'-dimethyl cyclic ureas. Exposure to concentrations of 2 to 4 mM of these derivatives resulted in more than 90% of the cell population achieving a differentiated state. Under these conditions, the parent compound, tetramethylurea, was slightly less efficacious, causing differentiation of only 68% of the population at its maximum effective level of 4 mM. PMID- 6793728 TI - Investigations on black fly vectors (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Leucocytozoon smithi (Sporozoa: Leucocytozoidae) in Florida. PMID- 6793729 TI - Immunological functions in children years after recovery from protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) in their early infancy. AB - The immune functions were evaluated in 30 children, aged one year to 9 8/12 years, who had suffered during their early infancy from protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) as the result of intractable diarrhea. Twelve healthy children matched for age and sex served as controls. All 42 children responded normally to intradermal injections of tuberculin and candida antigens. The reduction of nitrous blue tetrazolium (NBT) by the polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was normal. Apart from the lower concentrations of IgM in the post-PCM group--145 +/- 67 mg % as compared to 212.8 +/- 46 mg % (p less than 0.005)--no differences were noted in the other serum immunoglobulin and complement levels. The response to phytohaemagglutinins (PHA) in two different concentrations was significantly enhanced in the post-PCM group (p less than 0.05). The per cent of T cells in both groups was normal. The results of this study indicate that most immunologic parameters return to normal after a healthy nutritional status has been achieved, with the exception of some abnormalities in IgM production and lymphocyte reactivity to PHA. These need further investigation. PMID- 6793730 TI - Modification of protective mechanisms against Listeria monocytogenes during pregnancy. AB - Protective mechanisms against Listeria monocytogenes were examined at different stages of pregnancy in C3H/He mice. Bacterial growth at an early phase of infection was depressed from day 10 of gestation to day 5 postpartum, whereas bacterial growth at a late phase of infection was enhanced on day 10 of gestation. Spleen cells from nonimmunized mice on day 10 of gestation suppressed the expression of acquired resistance to infection in immunized mice. We conclude that the augmented resistance during pregnancy at an early phase of primary infection is due to the activation of nonimmune macrophages, which compensates for the depressed cell-mediated immunity at a late phase of infection that may be due to the function of nonspecific suppressor cells detectable in the spleen of the pregnant mice. PMID- 6793731 TI - Endocrinologic studies in men exposed occupationally to carbon disulfide. AB - The effect of long-term occupational exposure to CS2 on various endocrinologic parameters was studied in 15 exposed men and 16 age-matched controls. Duration of exposure varied between 10 and 36 yr. The CS2 concentrations in the viscose rayon plant have been below the Finnish threshold limit value of 30 mg/m3 (10 ppm) under normal operating conditions for the past 10 yr. Before this the exposure was considerably greater. Of the various endocrinologic parameters, serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly increased in the exposed group, seven workers having values above the reference limit. This was taken as a sign of primary gonadal insufficiency, which was considered only latent as serum testosterone values were unaffected. No changes were seen in serum prolactin values before or after stimulation with thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). No disturbance was seen in thyroid function as evaluated by serum thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FT1), triiodothyronine (T3), and the thyrotropin response to TRH. Serum cortisol was also unchanged. These results may reflect high exposure during past decades rather than exposure to the present low CS2 concentrations. PMID- 6793733 TI - The problem of measles virus response with reference to vaccine viability, age, protein energy malnutrition and malaria in the tropics. PMID- 6793732 TI - Effects of chemical carcinogens on bacteria and yeast: a review. PMID- 6793734 TI - Release of a group 1 mycoplasma virus from Acholeplasma laidlawii after treatment with mitomycin C. AB - A rod-shaped group 1 mycoplasma virus was released from Acholeplasma laidlawii strain JA2 after treatment with 2.5 mug of mitomycin C per ml. Similar treatment of A. laidlawii strain Bju failed to stimulate release of any PFU. PMID- 6793735 TI - Baculovirus induction of a DNA polymerase. AB - The baculovirus, Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus, induced a new aphidicolin-sensitive, alpha-like, DNA polymerase upon infection of the lepidopteran noctuid, Trichoplusia ni. The new virus-induced DNA polymerase could be separated from the host alpha-like polymerase by phosphocellulose chromatography. The two polymerases differed in their sensitivities to heat inactivation, high salt concentrations, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer. PMID- 6793736 TI - Further experience with cryoprecipitate coagulum in renal calculus surgery: a review of 60 cases. PMID- 6793737 TI - Optimal blood use in genitourinary surgery. AB - The most commonly performed urologic surgical procedure is transurethral resection of the prostate. We reviewed the crossmatching and transfusion records of 226 patients who had undergone transurethral prostatectomy at our hospital from 1977 through 1979. Only 13 patients (5.8 per cent) received a transfusion. The crossmatched-to-transfused ratio was 21.5. Preoperative ABO-Rh typing and antibody screen are safe and cost-effective alternatives to preoperative crossmatching of blood for uncomplicated transurethral prostatectomy. PMID- 6793738 TI - Pathological changes associated with topical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer. AB - With use of previous observations in experimental animals as a basis for comparison the cytologic and histologic changes in human patients who underwent topical chemotherapy for superficial bladder cancer were documented. Despite the potential for inhibition of deoxyribonucleic acid replication these drugs apparently act in vivo as toxic substances, causing increased exfoliation with denudation of papillary and/or flat urothelium. Multinucleation was common but confined to superficial cells. Atypical cells, such as those observed after systemic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, rarely were present and could be distinguished readily from neoplastic elements. Although topical chemotherapy may suppress tumor growth and progression it apparently does not eradicate the neoplastic process. PMID- 6793739 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with arthritis and a varicella-like eruption. PMID- 6793740 TI - Medical intensive care for the elderly. A study of current use, costs, and outcomes. AB - All admissions (2,693) to a medical intensive and coronary care unit (ICU/CCU) during a two-year period were reviewed to compare indications for admission, major interventions, and outcomes for elderly patients with those for younger patients. Once admitted to the ICU/CCU, older patients were more likely to receive major life-support interventions such as mechanical ventilation but less likely to survive. Major interventions were used in 32% of patients aged 75 years or older, in 26% of those 65 to 74 years, and in 22% of those 55 to 64 years. Nonetheless, elderly patients had no longer mean lengths of stay and no greater mean hospital charges. Hospital mortality for the oldest patients was 16%, compared with 14% and 8% for the younger age groups. Cumulative mortality one year after discharge for those older than 75 years was 44%. Elderly hospital survivors returned to their preadmission living situation but did not regain their preadmission activity level. PMID- 6793741 TI - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W 135 disease in adults. AB - Five adults had infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135. Their ages ranged from 19 to 74 years, and the spectrum of illness included meningitis, pneumonia, and acute peritonitis. Two patients had systemic lupus erythematosus and were receiving corticosteroids at the time of their infection. One patient died of fulminant meningococcemia. All isolates were sensitive to sulfonamides. The recent increase in the national incidence of N meningitidis serogroup W135 infections emphasizes the need for continuing surveillance and justifies its inclusion in a polyvalent meningococcal vaccine. PMID- 6793742 TI - The continuity imperative. PMID- 6793743 TI - Side effects of cimetidine. PMID- 6793744 TI - A correlative study of serum digoxin levels with clinical tolerance. PMID- 6793745 TI - Blood lipid patterns in Karachi. PMID- 6793746 TI - Trasicor versus methyldopa in Pakistani hypertensive patients: a comparative study of efficacy and tolerability. PMID- 6793747 TI - Goitre in North of Kalam. PMID- 6793748 TI - Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (A.L.L) following radiation during pregnancy. PMID- 6793749 TI - [Mycoplasma pneumonia -- epidemiological and clinical studies]. PMID- 6793750 TI - [Aminoglycoside antibiotics]. PMID- 6793751 TI - [Use of laser nephelometry in the measurement of complement components and associated factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793752 TI - [Lung function measured by dynamic images of 11CO, 11CO2, and 13N2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793753 TI - [A case of intraluminal duodenal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793754 TI - [A study of postoperative bile secretion by mannitol clearance (Tibbling's method) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793755 TI - [A biochemical study on age-related changes in connective tissues of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793756 TI - [Detection of inflammatory sites by In-111-oxine labeled neutrophils (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793757 TI - [Basic study of platelet labeling with 111In-oxine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793758 TI - Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical drives to the breath-holding time in breath-hold divers (Ama). AB - Relative contributions of chemical and non-chemical respiratory stimulations to breath-holding time (BHT) were examined in assisted (Funado) and unassisted (Kachido) breath-hold divers (Ama). In the Funado the magnitude of the chemical contribution was reduced, though statistically not significantly. On the other hand, in the Kachido no difference in chemical contribution was seen from the control. This was considered to be due to the fact that ventilatory response to CO2 was reduced in the Funado, but not in the Kachido. Despite the decreased contribution of CO2 drive to BHT, absolute BHT in the Funado was no prolonged. This may be related to sensitization of the respiratory centers to non-chemical stimulation. Such adaptation would be effective for preventing the danger of losing consciousness in the Funado who face extreme hypoxia on returning to the surface from a dive. PMID- 6793760 TI - Blood-gas equilibration of oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in lungs. PMID- 6793759 TI - Late results of postoperative long term cancer chemotherapy for advanced carcinoma of the stomach. AB - Postoperative long term cancer chemotherapy (PLCC) with the combination of Mitomycin-C, FT-207, a furanyl analog of 5-fluorouracil, and PSK, an immunopotentiator, was prescribed for patients with advanced gastric cancer. Five year survival rates for all stage III and stage IV patients were 52.8 and 19.3 per cent in the PLCC group. The rates were 26.7 and 2.2 per cent in the control groups (p less than 0.05). In curative cases of stage IV, the 5-year survival rate was 50.0% in the PLCC group while the rate was 11.1% in the controls. Mean survival time of patients with peritoneal dissemination or hepatic metastases was 12.8 and 10.9 months, respectively, for the PLCC group, in contrast to the lower 6.4 and 4.3 months for the controls. Thus, the 5-year survival rate of advanced gastric cancer patients in stage III and stage IV was markedly improved when these patients were treated with the protocol. Our findings clearly show that adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered for a long period postoperatively in order to achieve a significant improvement in patients with gastric cancer. PMID- 6793761 TI - [Site of airway obstruction and drug effect in exercise induced asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793762 TI - [A study on the non-A non-B hepatitis after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793763 TI - Four new rumen ciliates, Entodinium ogimotoi sp. n., E. bubalum sp.n., E. fujitai sp. n. and E. tsunodai sp. n. and Oligoisotricha bubali (Dogiel, 1928) n. comb. PMID- 6793764 TI - [Host lipids in tuberculous infection. III. Long-chain fatty acids against tubercle bacilli (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793765 TI - [Nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6793767 TI - [Parenteral feeding of eutrophic premature infants using Infesol]. PMID- 6793766 TI - Multiple use of dialyzers: safety and efficacy. AB - The practice of multiple use of dialyzers was examined over a 15-month period on all 104 patients in a chronic maintenance hemodialysis facility. A computerized medical information system permitted analysis of the incidence of events in over 10,000 successive hemodialyses. It also allowed analysis of the events in 27 patients dialyzed for a total of 655 months successively in two units practicing single and multiple dialyzer use. The incidence of complications during dialysis, of complications that might be related to infection, and the rate of hospitalization was not greater when the 27 patients were dialyzed in the unit practicing multiple use as compared with the rates in the unit practicing single use. Events possibly associated with infection did not occur more frequently during dialyses in which the dialyzer had been used between 2 and 20 times than they did with the initial use of the dialyzer. With successive dialyzer use, there was no significant change in the ability to remove fluid or in the dialysance of urea and creatinine. The neutropenia that characteristically occurs early in dialysis was substantially less with reused dialyzers than with their initial use. Under the operating conditions described, we conclude that multiple dialyzer use over a 15-month period is safe, efficacious, and is not associated with an increased rate of infection, of morbidity from any cause, or of mortality. PMID- 6793768 TI - [So-called change in the picture of hemophilia]. PMID- 6793769 TI - [Congenital familial maculopathy and blood groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793770 TI - Chronic obstructive airways disease: clinical evaluation of severity. AB - A clinical, functional and therapeutic study was carried out in 80 patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. According to the clinical observation on admission they were divided in three different groups: mild, moderate and severe. There were some differences in the amount of sputum, purulence of the sputum, cyanosis and peripheral oedema between the three groups. Group III have had a lower PO2a and higher PCO2a. Airways resistance was nearly the same in all groups. However, the patients of the worse groups (II + III) were significantly older and their disease was of longer duration. "Clinical impressions" do not always agree with single functional tests. To plan a good therapeutic regime all the available data should be considered. PMID- 6793771 TI - PRL, TSH, and thyroid hormones in benign breast diseases. PMID- 6793772 TI - [Dependence of gastric ulcer on Rh factors]. PMID- 6793773 TI - [Correction of protein metabolism disorders in patients with severe burns]. PMID- 6793774 TI - [Accessory loops of a mobile duodenum]. PMID- 6793775 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the absorption of glucose, salts and water in the human jejunum]. PMID- 6793776 TI - [Effect of a paste-like diet on the formation of the enteric environment during natural digestion]. PMID- 6793777 TI - [The significance of early childhood in the overall development]. PMID- 6793778 TI - [Embryofetal alcohol syndrome]. PMID- 6793779 TI - [Pediatric nursing in transition]. PMID- 6793780 TI - [The expanded role of the pediatric nurse: ambulatory pediatric nursing]. PMID- 6793782 TI - [Goal-setting for quality care]. PMID- 6793781 TI - [Organization of "Rooming-in"]. PMID- 6793783 TI - [Orientation concept of new co-workers for a ward. 1]. PMID- 6793784 TI - [Report of the Federal Government about youth sects]. PMID- 6793785 TI - ["Fight the addicts" or aid in living?]. PMID- 6793786 TI - [Part-time work in Berlin hospitals. 1]. PMID- 6793787 TI - [Report from the 17th Congress of the ICN in Los Angeles/USA]. PMID- 6793788 TI - [Professional ethics and nursing practice]. PMID- 6793789 TI - [Activities of a work group]. PMID- 6793790 TI - [The hospital of hope: "City of Hope"]. PMID- 6793791 TI - Observations on the occurrence of mycoplasmas in the central nervous system of some laboratory animals. AB - Mycoplasma pulmonis was isolated from the brains of 6 (23%) of 26 mice which had a naturally-occurring respiratory infection with this mycoplasma, and from the brains of 6 (8%) of 71 mice which had been inoculated intranasally or intravenously. The incidence of natural infection was greater in older mice, but there was no obvious mouse strain difference except for higher incidence in athymic nudes. There was no evidence that the organisms passed the blood-brain barrier. Some isolations, especially from nudes, may have been extraneous contaminants, as these were fewer when the mouse skulls were sterilized with ignited methanol. M. pneumoniae was not isolated from the brains of 14 hamsters which had a respiratory infection after intranasal inoculation nor were ureaplasmas isolated from the cerebrospinal fluids of 12 marmosets with a natural oropharyngeal infection. The aetiology of M. pneumoniae encephalitis in man is discussed. PMID- 6793792 TI - Sequential galactosyltransferase and carcinoembryonic antigen levels in advanced breast carcinoma. PMID- 6793793 TI - The release and metabolism of [3H]arachidonic acid from guinea pig perfused lungs in vitro: a simple method for the study of the action of drugs on the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid. AB - We have adapted the radiolabeled, perfused organ technique of Isakson et al. (1976) for use with guinea pig lungs. After incorporation [3H]arachidonic acid was taken up into the lung phospholipids. The injection of bradykinin (1-100 microgram) caused a dose-related release of tritium [3H]. The composition of the tritium released by the lungs was found to be a mixture of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites together with some unchanged arachidonic acid. In order to demonstrate how this technique can be utilized to study the effect of drugs on arachidonic acid release and metabolism, the actions of mepacrine and indomethacin on bradykinin-induced [3H] release were studied. Mepacrine (50-200 microM) produced a concentration-related reduction in bradykinin-induced [3H] release whereas indomethacin (10 microM) was without effect on [3H] release. Indomethacin did, however, reduce the levels of cyclo-oxygenase products in the perfusate. PMID- 6793794 TI - Acceleration of blood in the aorta: a parameter useful for evaluating cardiotonic and afterload reducing substances. AB - Peak acceleration of blood in the aorta was measured in chloralose-urethane anesthetized open-chest cats with an electromagnetic flow probe around the aortic root. The effects of substances used in the treatment of chronic congestive heart failure were evaluated in this model. Isoprenaline, noradrenaline, and ouabain increased peak acceleration dose-dependently, while blood pressure, cardiac output, and heart rate were influenced differently by each drug. Nitroglycerin and nitroprusside sodium, afterload reducing agents used for the treatment of congestive heart failure, also increased peak acceleration; an effect that in the case of nitroprusside sodium was shown to be mediated by beta-receptors and probably attributable to baroreceptor activation. This simple model was judged to be suitable for evaluating positive inotropic and afterload reducing substances as long as its low sensitivity to heart rate increasing interventions is correctly appreciated. PMID- 6793795 TI - Steroids in allergic disease. AB - From the experience above, it may be concluded that corticosteroid therapy in allergic disease has become more effective than ever before. The expected variations in usage of new important pharmacologic agents is seen with special clarity in the use of corticosteroids. The wide acclaim for the "miracle drug of the 1950's", which followed penicillin of the 1940's, soon gave away to anguish about side-effects that threatened to abolish its use entirely in the late 1950's. The 1960's brought alternate day therapy for chronic usage and recognition that short term usage was relatively safe. The 1970's saw proliferation of topically active steroids similar to those so important to the practice of Dermatology in the previous decade. Results in treating asthma and nasal diseases have been excellent and extensive research for adverse effects has been largely unrevealing. PMID- 6793796 TI - Clinical evaluation of Meniere's disease. AB - A retrospective review of 211 consecutive patients with classic Meniere's disease was performed to determine the efficacy of diagnostic studies. The patients' ages averaged 47 years and ranged between 8 and 86 years. Females outnumbered males 1.3 to 1. Left and right ears were affected with equal frequency and, in 12% of patients, the disease was bilateral. Audiologic patterns were flat in 42%, rising in 7%, peaked in 32%, and sloping downward in the remaining 19%. Electronystagmography was normal in 21% of the patients and demonstrated canal paresis in 65% and directional preponderance in 14%. Studies of glucose metabolism were abnormal in 2 of the 204 patients tested. The 7 patients not tested had a previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Thyroid function studies were abnormal in 1 of the 208 patients studied. The 3 patients not studied were known hypothyroid. FTA-abs was positive in 12 patients and special radiographic studies of the petrous apex were normal in all cases. Conclusions suggested by this study are that audiology, electronystagmography, and treponemal antigen tests for syphilis are cost effective in evaluating patients with Meniere's disease. Studies of glucose metabolism and thyroid function, however, are probably not indicated in patients without a history suggestive of a metabolic disorder and specialized radiographs of the petrous apex should be reserved for patients suspected of having acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6793797 TI - [The serum and seminal plasma folitropin (FSH) and lutropin (LH) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6793798 TI - Dissociation of tolerance to the analgesic and hypothermic effects of morphine by using thyrotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 6793800 TI - Endogenous opiates inhibit gastric acid secretion induced by central administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 6793799 TI - Plasma amine oxidases in Wilson's disease. PMID- 6793801 TI - Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on hepatic and renal prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 6793802 TI - Phospholipids and component fatty acids of the pigeon liver. AB - The phospholipids from the livers of adult pigeons were separated by thin layer chromatography and the component fatty acids analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. They consisted of 53.0% phosphatidylcholine, 26.3% phosphatidylethanolamine, 8.6% sphingomyelin, 6.3% cardiolipin and 4.8% lysophosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were characterized by a high concentration of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with the highest percentages in the phosphatidylethanolamine. Sphingomyelin contained up to 64.5% saturated acids. About 80% of the fatty acids present in the cardiolipid fraction consisted of linoleic acid. The liver phospholipids had the same composition in lactating as a nonlactating pigeons, but differed in many respects from those available in the crop-milk. PMID- 6793803 TI - [Therapeutic nutrition in diabetes mellitus in children]. PMID- 6793804 TI - [Optimal physiological parameters of respiratory tract protective devices]. AB - The studies have been aimed at the evaluation of the effects of the use of purifying and insulating equipment of the respiratory system upon some physiological reactions. Also optimum physiological parameters for the respiratory tract safety equipment have been set up. The value of air flow resistance measured at constant air flow rate of 30 l/min should not exceed 10 mm H2O in the inhaling phase and 4 mm H2O in the exhaling phase. The dead space of the safety equipment should not exceed 150 ml, whereas CO2 concentration in the inhaled air -- 0.4%. The air flow rate should amount to 9 -- 12 m3/h during light physical effort of 48 Watt and 12 m3/h during moderately hard physical effort of 96 W. Air temperature in the facial part should be 19 -- 25 degrees C. PMID- 6793805 TI - The effect of enteric galactose on neonatal canine carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Newborn pups were assigned to a fasting group or to a group receiving intravenous glucose alimentation. Glucose turnover was determined during steady state equilibration of simultaneously infused [6-3H] glucose. Thereafter, pups from each group received 0.625 g/Kg of either oral [U-14C] galactose or [U-14C] glucose. In fasted or intravenously alimented pups enteric glucose resulted in a rapid and sustained elevation of blood glucose concentrations. Systemic appearance of carbon-14 label from enteric glucose increased rapidly as did the enrichment of blood [14C] glucose specific activity. In those pups given enteric galactose, blood glucose values were equivalent to that in the glucose fed groups, however carbon-14 appearing in blood glucose and blood glucose specific activity was significantly lower. The peak values for rates of appearance and disappearance of systemic glucose were significantly lower in pups fed galactose than among pups fed glucose. Glucose clearance was also significantly lower in these pups despite equivalent plasma insulin responses. Among fasting pups hepatic glycogen content was significantly higher in those given either oral glucose or galactose when compared to a completely starved control group. In contrast, among alimented pups galactose administration significantly enhanced hepatic glycogen content compared to those fed glucose. Similarly, enteric substrate label incorporation into hepatic glycogen was enhanced in both groups given oral labeled galactose. In addition, hepatic glycogen synthase (glucose-6 phosphate independent) activity was increased only among alimented pups fed galactose when compared to completely fasted pups. In conclusion these data suggest that following gastrointestinal galactose administration, hepatic carbohydrate uptake is augmented while glycogen synthesis may be enhanced. Augmented glycogen synthesis following galactose administration may reflect alterations in hepatic glycogen synthase activity or enhanced hepatic carbohydrate uptake. PMID- 6793807 TI - Sex determining genes and vitellogenin synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - This study investigates the relationship between sexual phenotype and ability to synthesize vitellogenin (yolk proteins, YPs) in Drosophila. Various mutations were used to transform XX and XY animals into intersexes or pseudomales (Table 1). The presence or absence of YPs in the haemolymph and in the fat body was determined by SDS gel electrophoresis, fluorography, and precipitation of YPs with anti-YP antibody (see Fig.1). YPs were synthesized whenever the flies displayed at least some female morphological characteristics, regardless of their sex chromosome constitution (Table 1; Fig. 2). Pseudomales (definition see p. 1) did not produce detectable amounts of YPs despite their female XX-karyotype. Immature ovaries, transplanted into adult males or pseudomales, developed normally and synthesized YPs, but the fat bodies of the host males or pseudomales were not induced to synthesize YPs. Vitellogenesis was, however, induced in the fat bodies of males and pseudomales by injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone) (Fig. 3). The results are interpreted to mean that the sexual pathways are controlled by a small number of key genes that regulate the synthetic activities of many sex-specific genes. However, the female-specific YP genes can be activated with ecdysterone although the genetic signals are set for male differentiation. PMID- 6793806 TI - Regulation of lipid synthesis in hepatocytes from lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Fatty acid synthesis and CO2 production were evaluated in hepatocytes from lean and obese Zucker rats in the presence of 3H2O, and several carbon precursors. The incorporation of 3H2O into fatty acids was greater in obese compared to lean rats in both the isolated hepatocyte and in vivo. The rates of incorporation of 3H2O into fatty acids and cholesterol in hepatocytes of both lean and obese rats were linear for 2 hr, in the absence or presence of 16.7 mM glucose. Rates of fatty acid synthesis were higher in the presence of 16.7 mM glucose compared to the absence of glucose in both lean and obese while rates of cholesterol synthesis were similar. The incorporation of 3H2O into fatty acids, but not into cholesterol, was correlated with increasing glucose concentration and was 2 to three-fold higher in hepatocytes of obese compared to lean rats in the presence of several carbon precursors. Differences in CO2 production between lean and obese rats suggested increased pentose phosphate shunt activity, decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, and lower tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in obese rats. Fatty acid synthesis and CO2 production from 3H2O and [U-14C]glucose in hepatocytes of lean and obese rats was similarly elevated by insulin and depressed by glucagon at several concentrations, suggesting that hepatocytes of obese animals respond to these hormones. These data indicate that rates of hepatic fatty acid synthesis although higher in obese rats respond to modulation in a fashion which is similar to the response in lean rats. The present studies suggest that the oxidation of several carbon precursors in the tricarboxylic acid cycle is diminished in obese compared to lean rats, but pentose phosphate shunt activity is greater in the obese Zucker rats. PMID- 6793808 TI - The in vivo expression of pseudo ribosomal RNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Electron microscopic examination of chromatin has indicated that there are two major classes of ribosomal transcription units (rTUs) in Drosophila melanogaster. (a) a standard class which is about 8 kb in length and (b) a longer class (up to 15 kb) which has been hypothesized as having an intron in the 28S region of the gene. On rare occasions, we have observed a third class of TUs, which we term pseudo rTUs (or pseudo ribosomal RNA genes), distributed among the standard rTUs. Pseudo rTUs are composed of short fiber arrays with clear gradients in their RNP fiber lengths. The pseudo rTUs observed in egg chambers and blastoderm embryos are 4.1 +/- 0.58 kb in length and are found in tandem with non-transcribed spacer regions. The lengths of the non-transcribed spacer regions are found in 2 classes: one at 4.94 +/- 1.78 kb and the other at 19.28 +/- 2.11 kb. The present information suggests that these pseudo rTU fiber arrays are ribosomal in origin as their RNP fibers cross-react with antibodies raised against Drosophila ribosomal proteins. The pattern of distribution of D. melanogaster ribosomal protein L4 on RNP fibers in standard rTUs is compared with that in pseudo rTUs. This was determined by a novel approach involving the use of electron microscopic spreads of rTUs to which had been added IgGs labelled with polymethacrylate spheres. Pseudo ribosomal RNA genes are present in both the X (6%) and in the Y (6%) ribosomal chromatin as is indicated by their existence in nurse cells of both Oregon-R females, and females of the genotype sc4sc8/sc4sc8/y+Y. PMID- 6793810 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and the menopausal hot flash. AB - The possibility that the sudden discharge of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the brain triggers the climacteric hot flash was tested (double-blind) by an intra-venous, bolus injection of 500 microgram of TRH into 7 post-menopausal women and 1 menstruating control. Temperatures and sweating were recorded continuously on the recumbent subject during the 2-h test. None of the women reacted either subjectively or objectively to the placebo. TRH induced gastric pain in 1 post-menopausal subject. In another subject TRH elicited no response during the first test, but a week later in a second test it evoked transient nausea and a series of hot flashes with bursts of sweating. Published results of animal studies suggest that a higher dose of TRH would probably stimulate hot flash-like responses in more women. PMID- 6793809 TI - Misrepair mutagenesis in Myxococcus xanthus: induction of rifampicin-resistant mutants by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and ultraviolet-irradiation. AB - In the ultraviolet (UV)-mutable bacterium, Myxococcus xanthus, dose response curves for the induction of rifampicin-resistant (Rifr) mutants were compared with dose response curves for Weigle(W)-reactivation of the UV-irradiated phage Mx4 at a phage survival of 5 X 10(-6). In most strains examined, including a uvr mutant, these curves are largely similar. Unexpectedly the UV-sensitive strain M. xanthus Bt, which is unable to perform W-reactivation, is nevertheless UV mutable. This result may indicate that the repair pathway involved in phage reactivation is only partly responsible for UV-mutagenesis or alternatively is not able to act on phage DNA in M. xanthus Bt cells. N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment of M. xanthus cells also results in marked W reactivation of the UV-irradiated phage Mx4 at the same survival of 5 X 10(-6). The MNNG-stimulated phage reactivation is of the same order of magnitude as the UV-stimulated phage reactivation. Also the dose response curves for the induction of Rifr mutants by MNNG and the MNNG-stimulated phage reactivation are quite similar. This coincidence may indicate that misrepair mutagenesis is involved in both UV and MNNG-mutagenesis. It is suggested that M. xanthus is a useful organism with which to study misrepair mutagenesis in bacteria. PMID- 6793811 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of vaginal oestradiol administration from silastic rings in post-menopausal women. AB - Silastic rings releasing approximately 200 microgram of 17beta-oestradiol per day were inserted into the vaginas of 4 post-menopausal women for one to three 21-day periods. Plasma concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol were analysed by radioimmunoassay. The effect of circulating oestrogens on FSH, LH and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels as the well as on the endometrium was studied. During the first 24 h of treatment the plasma oestradiol levels were higher than the oestrone levels. But during the following days of the 21-day periods, the levels of the two oestrogens were almost equal, varying between about 100 and 200 pg/ml plasma, a pattern similar to that seen in fertile women. the release of oestradiol from the ring gave stable plasma oestrogen levels. The FSH and LH levels were clearly depressed while the SHBG levels did not change. Characteristics of oestrogen influence were found in endometrial biopsies. The rings were well accepted and could be inserted and removed easily by the women. Absorption of oestradiol from the vagina is good and more complete than after oral administration allowing lower doses to be used for treatment. PMID- 6793812 TI - Chimpanzee reproductive senescence: a possible model for evolution of the menopause. AB - Reproductive senescence was studied in 2 female Pan troglodytes and one Pan paniscus over 40 yr old. Menstrual cycle data for these animals, in the last 3 yr, when compared to that of the same animals in previous years and to records obtained between 1967 and 1980 on 51 Pan troglodytes between 18-39 yr old, demonstrated increased length of menstrual cycles, as shown by decreases in frequency of menses. Oestrone glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide were measured in 24-h urine samples by radioimmunoassay. The pattern of excretion differed only slightly from that of younger animals. One Pan troglodytes had reduced oestrogen levels, but normal gonadotropin levels. The single ovulatory peak of LH normally seen in younger animals was replaced by multiple peaks in the Pan troglodytes. Menopause was observed in the Pan paniscus as documented by cessation of menstrual cyclicity, elevation of gonadotropin levels, and exaggerated response to injection of 100 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The FSH: LH ratio was reversed in this animal. Histology of the ovaries of the Pan paniscus revealed a paucity of primary and developing follicles, and an increase in fibrous tissue. The Pan troglodytes appear to be peri-menopausal. This data suggests that the chimpanzee may serve as a model for certain phases of reproductive senescence in the human. PMID- 6793813 TI - Physiological aspects of alkaline phosphatase in selected cyanobacteria. AB - The alkaline phosphatase of Plectonema boryanum shows a considerable increase in activity following placement of the cells in a phosphate free medium. Five days of phosphate starvation result in a 14-fold increase of alkaline phosphatase activity. Growth in the presence of inhibitors of transcription and translation indicate that the synthesis of the enzyme is de novo. Orthophosphate causes an immediate inhibition of enzyme activity. Enzyme was extracted from P. boryanum with lysozyme or polymyxin B treatment in order to make comparative studies of cell bound and cell free enzyme. Of several enzyme specific inhibitors tested, mercuric chloride was the most effective. Temperature studies showed that the cell bound enzyme was most active at 40 degrees C while the cell free enzyme was most active at 70 degrees C. The pH optimum was 9 for the cell free enzyme, and 8.8 for the cell bound. The enzyme was tested to determine if it could hydrolyse a number of different organic compounds. It hydrolysed p-nitrophenol phosphate 100%, fructose-6-phosphate 45%, beta-glycerol phosphate 25% and other compounds to a lesser degree. Of seventeen other Cyanobacteria tested for alkaline phosphatase, all were positive, and of these eleven were inducible for the enzyme. Ten of the isolates released some of the enzyme into the culture medium. Michaelis constants for the enzyme were also determined. PMID- 6793814 TI - Attachment of Mycoplasma hominis and M. orale to human diploid lung fibroblasts. AB - The process of attachment of Mycoplasma hominis and M. orale to HAIN-55 cells, derived from normal embryonic human lung, was investigated quantitatively. The attachment reached its maximum within about 2-4 hr at 37 degrees C and increased linearly as a function of the number of organisms present in the system. The relative attachment efficiency of M. hominis was approximately 1% under our experimental conditions. Trypsin and EDTA were effective in detaching particles of M. hominis and M. orale from the surfaces of HAIN-55 cells. Therefore it was suggested that some proteinaceous substance and salt bridges might be involved in the attachment of these mycoplasmas to HAIN-55 cells. PMID- 6793815 TI - Studies on the bacterial spore coat. IX. The role of surface charge in germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. AB - The surface charge of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 spores was estimated to be negative, -0.2 ad -0.4 mueq/mg by colloidal titration using glycol chitosan (GCh) and methylglycol chitosan (MGCh), respectively, as positive colloids. MGCh, which reacts with all of the negatively charged groups including carboxylate, inhibited the second stage of the germination to result in semirefractile spores, but GCh, which reacts only with strong acidic groups such as phosphate, did not. The spores produced in a medium with limited phosphate had coats with low phosphate content and carried less negative charge, and they were induced to germinate with 0.4 mM KNO3, which is one-tenth of the minimum concentration required for the germination of the control spores. A similar increase in germinability was observed in spores incubated with calcium acetate. The results suggest that the role of the surface charge in germination is as follows. Strong acidic groups (such as phosphate) in the coat may block the action of ionic germinants and act as a barrier against the initiation of ionic germination. Positively charged compounds (such as calcium) may compensate for this blocking effect. Weak acidic groups (such as carboxylate) may be involved in the later stage of germination. PMID- 6793816 TI - Toward a "bio-energy supplement" -- a prototype for functional orthomolecular supplementation. AB - A broad-spectrum approach to the nutritional optimization of bioenergetics is discussed as a specific example of the principle of functional orthomolecular supplementation. Experimental and clinical studies with "metavitamins" such as lipoic acid, carnitine, coenzyme Q, and creatine, and with mitochondrial antioxidants, indicate that many nutritional agents involved in bioenergetics are often functionally sub-saturated. Numerous therapeutic applications for a well designed "bio-energy supplement" can be postulated. PMID- 6793817 TI - Immunopotentiation and inhibition of herpes virus activation during therapy with lithium carbonate. PMID- 6793818 TI - Lipid metabolism: the histamine-glycosaminoglycan-histaminase connection. PMID- 6793819 TI - Use of mannitol in renal failure. PMID- 6793820 TI - [Viral hepatitis in health care workers]. PMID- 6793821 TI - Neutron flux-density and secondary-particle energy spectra at the 184-inch synchrocyclotron medical facility. AB - We have identified the sources of neutron production in the beam transport system of the 720-MeV helium beam used for radiation therapy at the 184-in synchrocyclotron of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, and determined their magnitude. Measurements with activation detectors of differing energy response were used to unfold secondary particle spectra at various locations on the patient table. The effect of charged particles was estimated using a calculation of neutron-flux densities derived from published cross sections. The absorbed dose, as a function of distance from the beam axis, was calculated using the unfolded spectra and evaluated fluence-to-dose conversion factors. The values of absorbed dose obtained from the unfolding of experimental data agree with the values obtained from the calculated spectra within the estimated uncertainty of +/- 25%. These values are approximately 5 X 10(-3) rad on the beam axis and approximately 1 X 10(-3) rad at distances greater than 20 cm, perpendicular to the beam axis, per rad deposited by the incident alpha-particle beam in the plateau. Estimates of upper limits of dose to two critical organs, the lens of the eye and red bone marrow, are approximately 25 rad and approximately 5 rad, respectively, for a typical treatment plan. PMID- 6793822 TI - Mean energy in electron beams. AB - The mean energy of the energy spectrum is an essential parameter for the dosimetry of therapeutic electron beams. Frequently it is assumed that the mean energy of such beams remains constant across the beam and only its degradation with depth is considered. The present work analyzes the variation of the mean energy of primary electrons with depth and lateral position in an electron beam using the Monte Carlo method. Results are compared with relations commonly employed for determination of mean energy at a depth. For the variation of the mean electron energy with depth in broad beams, good agreement was found between Monte Carlo results and an analytic continuous slowing down expression, which takes the variation of radiation stopping power with depth into account. Due to the calculated lateral variation of the mean energy, the relative absorbed dose profile determined with an air ionization chamber in a clinical beam should differ by less than 1% from the measured ionization profile. PMID- 6793825 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--Panama and Belize, 1981. PMID- 6793824 TI - Lyme disease--United States, 1980. PMID- 6793823 TI - Neutron dose equivalent next to the target shield of a neutron therapy facility using an LET counter. AB - The use of a spherical tissue-equivalent proportional counter for measurements of the lineal energy (y) and derivations of the linear energy transfer (LET) for fast neutrons has the advantage of giving distributions of dose and dose equivalent as functions of either LET or y. A measurement next to the target shielding of the neutron therapy facility at the University of Chicago Hospitals and Clinics (UCHC) is described, and the data processing is outlined. The distributions are presented and compared to those from measurements in the neutron beam. The average quality factors are presented. PMID- 6793826 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--Florida, North Carolina. PMID- 6793828 TI - Supplementary feeding programs--Somalia. PMID- 6793827 TI - Age characteristics of measles cases--United States, 1977-1980. PMID- 6793829 TI - Urban rat control--United States. PMID- 6793830 TI - Rubella--United States, 1978-1981. PMID- 6793832 TI - Nutrition surveillance--United States, 1980. PMID- 6793831 TI - Raynaud's phenomenon in a foundry--Wisconsin. PMID- 6793834 TI - The cost of one rabid dog--California. PMID- 6793833 TI - Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaris acquired in East Africa- Pennsylvania. PMID- 6793835 TI - Food-borne illness due to inadvertent consumption of marijuana--California. PMID- 6793836 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 37-40, 1981. PMID- 6793837 TI - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Supplementary statement on rabies vaccine and serologic testing. PMID- 6793838 TI - Human rabies acquired outside the United States from a dog bite. PMID- 6793839 TI - Typhoid fever--San Antonio, Texas, 1981. PMID- 6793841 TI - Influenza worldwide, June-September 1981. PMID- 6793840 TI - Use of lead tetroxide as a folk remedy for gastrointestinal illness. PMID- 6793842 TI - Measles among children with religious exemptions to vaccination--Massachusetts, Ohio. PMID- 6793843 TI - 1H and 31P NMR characterization of two conformations of the trimethoprim-NADP+ dihydrofolate reductase complex. PMID- 6793844 TI - Antimalarial activity of selected aromatic chelators. II. Substituted quinolines and quinoline-N-oxides. PMID- 6793846 TI - [The pitfalls of observation studies]. PMID- 6793845 TI - HnRNP particles from Drosophila melanogaster cells. AB - The isolation and characterization of HnRNP from cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells is described. HnRNP particles were extracted from the purified nuclei of sonication in the presence of rat liver cytosol RNAse inhibitor. The nuclear extract was centrifuged on a 15-30% sucrose gradient. The main part of the heterogeneous HnRNP material was localized in the 30 to 80S region of the sucrose gradient. According to the results of re-sedimentation studies the monomer particle was 45S. The buoyant density of HnRNP particles from different regions of the sucrose gradient were equal to approximately 1.4. The protein composition of the particles was analyzed by urea-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. There are five main and a few minor bands. Only the main polypeptides have a slightly higher molecular weight than those of the major polypeptides of 30S subparticles from rat liver nuclei. According to electron = microscopic studies the particles are heterogeneous and the average diameter was found to be 24-26 nm both on the basis of negative contrast and platinum-palladium shadowed pictures. PMID- 6793847 TI - [Cutaneous malignant lymphomata. Older ideas and newer concepts (author's transl)]. AB - The new interpretation of the classical clinical, histological and cytomorphological findings by means of modern methods has led to older ideas of cutaneous lymphoreticular neoplasias having to give way to newer concepts. Most of the earlier reticuloses are today to be considered as cutaneous B cell lymphomata. The rest are divided among cutaneous T cell lymphomata, leukemias and malignant histiocytic diseases. Lympohosarcomata are completely absorbed into the lymphoma concept, reticulosarcomata - as far as is known at present - are to be included partly among the giant cell blastic lymphomata and partly among diseases of the mononuclear phagocyte system. There appears no longer to be any place for a "reticulosis". The relatively large group of unclassified cutaneous lymphomata is perhaps a reminder to exercise care here. PMID- 6793848 TI - [Primary tumors of the small intestine (author's transl)]. AB - From 1969 to 1979, 19 patients were operated for tumors of the small intestine: 8 were benign and 11 malignant. Of the benign, mesenchymal tumors predominated, the malignant tumors were epithelial. The difficulty of diagnostic confirmation and its effect of the prognosis of the disease are discussed with reference to the literature. PMID- 6793849 TI - [The uninformed patient. Report on Sintrom poisoning]. PMID- 6793850 TI - [Cardiac ischemia on exercise. Effect of nifedipine and acebutolol singly and in combination (author's transl)]. AB - In a double placebo-controlled, partly single blind and partly double blind ergometric trial, the acute action of acebutolol and nifedipine singly and in combination on cardiovascular parameters and ischemic reactions was studied. Neither nifedipine nor acebutolol lowered the resting heart rate nor the resting blood pressure significantly. At the highest load the heart rate, systolic blood pressure and the pressure-frequency product were significantly reduced, the changes due to acebutolol being more marked than those of nifedipine. nifedipine alone reduced the ST segment by 1/3, acebutolol by a half. The combined administration of acebutolol and nifedipine produced without exception significant reductions of heart rate, blood pressure, pressure-frequency product, ST segment, and ischemic pain as compared with placebo. PMID- 6793851 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--cardiac tamponade or pulmonary embolism?]. PMID- 6793852 TI - [The place of natural healing procedures in general practice]. PMID- 6793853 TI - [Tumor register: information system for tumor centers (author's transl)]. AB - The different activities in the scope of the tumor center already shows in the multiplicity of concepts for which incidence register, therapy register, clinical register or the supplies register are only a few examples. Such terms circumscribe a few interests from the therapeutic, epidemiologic or clinical and scientific aspects, which are projected on tumor centers as an expectation or a duty. From the compilation of these interests a bundle of unspecific aims results for which a classification according to various levels of information is suggested. Only cooperation of all levels makes possible a tumor register as an information system for medicine which supports the tasks of all those involved and makes the questions of the population more easily and more quickly answerable. PMID- 6793855 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - The premenstrual syndrome]. PMID- 6793854 TI - [Antirheumatic therapy with new non-steroidal compounds (author's transl)]. AB - Non-steroidal antirheumatic agents have the same type of action qualitatively: they are more or less potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis and also influence other mediators of the inflammatory process. Certain risks with these substances are the inevitable side-effects of their antiinflammatory/analgesic action. Experiments to improve this type of substance have, however, produced undoubted advances in longterm treatment with antirheumatic agents: the daily therapeutic doses could be markedly reduced, the dosage scheme became simpler and consequently compliance-orientated. With demonstrably effective tissue levels at the site of the inflammation they have a sustained action on the symptoms of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6793856 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 2. Stress examination in general practice]. PMID- 6793857 TI - [The clinical significance of the human growth hormone]. PMID- 6793858 TI - [Beta-blockade with timolol after myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - In a recently published study, timolol lowered the overall mortality by 43% and the reinfarction rate by 37% during an average duration of treatment of 17 months after myocardial infarction. Although the timolol study is the best and most convincing of the post-infarction therapy studies yet presented, some important questions remain unanswered; in particular, the effect of other measures (eg the control of risk factors) is not clear. The future role of timolol will depend on further analysis of the study and on the definition of its significance as part of a comprehensive management plan of post-infarction patients. PMID- 6793860 TI - [Subarachnoid hemorrhage (author's transl)]. AB - Since the world-wide introduction of computer tomography, neurology is undergoing a radical change which also affects the care of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. This not rare clinical condition can now be recognized earlier and more accurately, better assessed and in some cases can therefore be treated earlier and with greater success. The following considerations are based on experience in 146 patients who were observed in the clinic during the last ten years. In 68 of these patients the source of the hemorrhage, an aneurysm, could be demonstrated by clinical means. PMID- 6793859 TI - [Epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis in Southern Germany (author's transl)]. AB - A recently developed sensitive enzyme immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibodies to tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus was used to reinvestigate sera of patients with the clinical diagnosis of meningitis or encephalitis but without conclusive results in the complement fixation assay for TBE virus. 62 cases with sera positive for IgM antibodies to TBE virus collected from 1976 to 1980 were evaluated with regard to clinical and epidemiological aspects of the disease. Of the 62 cases, 37 had apparently been bitten by ticks. The mean age of the patients was 34 years. After a mean incubation period of 12 days (6-21 days) nearly all patients had severe headache and meningitis, in most cases connected with high fever. In 4 patients (6.4%) a serious clinical picture with incomplete recovery was observed. One patient died. Infection peaks occur in July and October. The place of infection or residence was predominantly in southeast Bavaria. PMID- 6793861 TI - [Myocardial infarction while windsurfing (author's transl)]. AB - A 40-year-old joiner collapsed while windsurfing. After hospitalization the ECG showed a posterior wall infarction (stage 1) of which the patient shortly died. Autopsy revealed a fresh and a rather older posterior wall infarction, otherwise the coronary artery system was unremarkable. From indirect anamnesis a Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome with paroxysmal tachycardias and collapses could be established. The non-traumatic causes of death in sport generally and the problems of WPW syndrome, paroxysmal tachycardia, collapse and sport in particular are dealt with in more detail. Possible causes for infarction with unremarkable coronary artery system are briefly presented. Finally a connection between reinfarction and windsurfing is discussed. PMID- 6793862 TI - [Blood group distribution in 100-kilometer walkers]. PMID- 6793863 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 3. Physiological variants in the ECG of athletes. 1. Rate changes]. PMID- 6793865 TI - 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide: factors determining its mutagenicity in bacteria. AB - In bacteria, 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (NQO) causes primarily mutations of the base-substitution type although frameshift mutations are also induced. The adducts formed are presumably recognized by error-prone DNA repair enzymes as evidenced by the much greater activity in plasmid pKM101-bearing tester strains. Although reduction of the nitro group appears to be required for mutagenic activity, this reduction is not catalyzed by the nitroreductase required for the demonstration of the mutagenicity in bacteria of other nitro-containing mutagens (nitrofurans, 2-nitronaphthalene, nitrofluorenes). The reduction of the nitro group appears to be catalyzed by a different nitroreductase. The mutagenicity of the non-carcinogenic 3-methyl-4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (meNQO) may be related to this newly recognized nitroreductase. It is proposed, further, that the ultimate mutagenic intermediates derived from NQO and MeNQO differ. PMID- 6793864 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - Retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 6793866 TI - Influence of phenotypic expression lag and division delay on apparent frequencies of induced mutations in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 6793867 TI - Morphological and biochemical changes in muscle and peripheral nerve in Fabry's disease. AB - In a case of Fabry's disease, microscopic, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies of a muscle biopsy were performed, as well as microscopic, ultrastructural, and morphometric studies of a nerve biopsy. Pleomorphic lipid inclusions were observed in muscle fibers, fibroblasts, and endomysial capillaries. Moreover, the thermolabile isoenzyme A of alpha-D-galactosidase was almost completely absent. In the nerve specimen, polymorphous lysosomes were noted in perineural cells, in fibroblasts, and in endothelial and perithelial cells in association with some nonspecific degenerative changes. The morphometric data revealed a loss of large myelinated fibers, an uncommon finding in Fabry's disease, and a decrease of the average diameter of the unmyelinated fibers, which was related to axonal sprouting. The relationship between the pain attacks and the increased number of the small unmyelinated fibers is discussed. PMID- 6793868 TI - Clinical study of paramyotonia congenita with and without myotonia in a warm environment. AB - Fourteen patients with paramyotonia congenita were examined clinically. Patients of 3 families had no myotonia in a warm environment while in a cold environment they developed paradoxical myotonia (myotonia aggravated by repeated muscle contraction). Patients of a 4th family had myotonia associated with after activity in a warm environment which was not paradoxical. This myotonia was aggravated by cooling. In a warm environment the resting muscles of all patients showed no spontaneous electromyographic activity except for occasional myotonic runs. On cooling, spontaneous fibrillations developed. This was most intense at 32 degrees C-28 degrees C (muscle temperature). On deeper cooling it ceased. In contrast, 5 patients with myotonia congenita did not show such activity during cooling. In all paramyotonic patients cooling (30 degrees C-25 degrees C) produced muscle paralysis, which outlasted rewarming by several hours. At 32 degrees C-30 degrees C muscle relaxation was slowed. Recording of electromyographic activity and isometric contractions of the long finger flexors during cooling revealed that the slowing of muscle relaxation in paramyotonia is not as closely linked to after-activity as is the slowing of muscle relaxation in myotonia congenita. PMID- 6793869 TI - Shattuck Lecture--health care in the developing world: problems of scarcity and choice. PMID- 6793870 TI - Biochemical genetics of neurologic disease. PMID- 6793871 TI - The regulation strategy for controlling hospital costs. AB - Three regulatory mechanisms have been used to control the rise in hospital costs: assessments of patients' records by professional standards review organizations (PSROs), approval of capital expenditures by certificate-of-need agencies, and limits on hospital reimbursement by state rate-setting groups. The available evidence indicates that neither PSROs nor certificate-of-need programs have exerted an appreciable influence on costs. However, rate setting through mandatory "prospective reimbursement" appears to slow the growth of hospital expenditures and seems to be the only regulatory tool that has been effective. Any regulatory process that markedly restrains expenditures can ultimately be expected to affect patient care adversely and to create social and political tension within the health-care system. PMID- 6793872 TI - Unsuccessful use of absorbed autologous plasma in Rh-incompatible pregnancy. PMID- 6793873 TI - Adolescent marijuana abusers and their families. PMID- 6793874 TI - Multiple immunoglobulin switch region homologies outside the heavy chain constant region locus. PMID- 6793875 TI - Dissociation of platelet activation from transmethylation of their membrane phospholipids. PMID- 6793876 TI - Complex allotypes of rat kappa chains are encoded by structural alleles. PMID- 6793877 TI - The switch region associated with immunoglobulin C mu genes is DNase I hypersensitive in T lymphocytes. PMID- 6793878 TI - [Mastocytosis]. PMID- 6793881 TI - Only certain anticonvulsants protect against kainate neurotoxicity. AB - Kainic acid (KA), a heterocyclic structural analog of the putative excitatory neurotransmitter, glutamate (Glu), powerfully mimics many of the neuroexcitatory and neurotoxic properties of Glu. KA differs from Glu and its straight chain "excitotoxic" analogs, however, in inducing a limbic seizure-brain damage syndrome when administered subcutaneously (12 mg/kg) to adult rats. This syndrome consists of sustained seizures, resembling amygdaloid kindled seizures, and acute destruction of neural elements in limbic brain regions (amygdala, olfactory cortex, hippocampus, lateral septum and several thalamic nuclei). Early changes consist of massive edematous swelling of glia and neuronal dendrites and either swelling or dark cell changes in neuronal somata, with subsequent necrosis of many of the neurons involved. Elsewhere we demonstrated that pretreatment with morphine markedly enhances both the convulsant and brain damaging actions of KA. Here we report that pretreatment with 2 anticonvulsants (diazepam or phenobarbital) markedly reduces both athe seizure and brain damaging actions of KA, whereas, two other anticonvulsants (phenytoin or valproic acid) fail to suppress either phenomenon. Our findings suggest that a seizure mechanism underlies much of the limbic brain damage induced by systemic KA and that the toxic mechanism may have two mutually reinforcing components--a glutamergic excitatory component and a GABAergic disinhibitory component. PMID- 6793879 TI - Clastogenicity and sister chromatid exchange induction by ftorafur. AB - The main effect of Ftorafur at the chromosomal level is the induction of chromatid and chromosome breaks, which is some pronounced in neoplastic or transformed cells than in normal cells. Different cell lines used in the study exhibited both in vitro and in vivo varying sensitivity to Ftorafur. Ftorafur does not increase the frequency of SCE. PMID- 6793880 TI - Inhibitory effect of human urinary extract on the growth of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in Holtzman rat. AB - The effect of a crude protein fraction from human urine having gonadotropin inhibitory activity (GGIM) was observed on the growth of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced mammary tumors in Holtzman rat. Results show that while in 12 out 13 tumors, tumor growth was retarded/regressed following 2- 4 weeks of CGIM treatment, tumor growth in control rats was unabated. However, no positive correlation with hormone dependency and tumor regression could be established. Further, this crude anti LH material was found to be non-toxic to tumor cells in vitro. PMID- 6793882 TI - Naloxone and anterior pituitary hormones: effect on TRH stimulation test. PMID- 6793883 TI - Attenuation during aging of the postovariectomy rise in median eminence catecholamines. AB - The effects of aging on the responsiveness of the neuroendocrine system to ovariectomy and estrogen replacement were determined. Neuroendocrine responsiveness in young (6-month-old) cyclic rats was compared to that in old (24 month-old) constant estrous rats. Seven neuroendocrine parameters were examined: median eminence (ME) concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) and circulating concentrations of LH, FSH, prolactin (PRL) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2). These concentrations were measured in intact and ovariectomized rats and in ovariectomized rats treated for 3 weeks with E2. 3 weeks after ovariectomy of young rats the ME concentrations of NE (38.0 +/- 10.4 pg/microgram, n = 15) and DA (201 +/- 32 pg/microgram, n = 15) were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than the respective levels in intact proestrous controls (18.7 +/- 1.9 pg/microgram, n = 18) and 89.4 +/- 12.4 pg/microgram, n = 18). In old rats there was no significant change in ME concentration of NE after ovariectomy. ME DA levels in old rats did rise after castration by 62%; however, this rise was only half of that in young animals (125%). The increases in DA after ovariectomy could be completely reversed by E2 in both young and old rats. ME concentration of LRF was reduced after castration to a similar extent in young (76%) and old (81%) rats, and these effects were partially E2-reversible in both age groups. The postovariectomy increases in LH (485%) and FSH (665%) in young rats were greater than the respective increases in old rats (169) and 191%). In contrast, the changes in PRL concentration following ovariectomy and E2 replacement were similar in magnitude in both age groups. The present results indicate that the neuroendocrine responsiveness to ovariectomy is altered during aging. This alteration in responsiveness is selective, in that changes were demonstrable in only 2 out of 7 parameters measured. PMID- 6793885 TI - Sexual differences in the sensitivity of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons to the actions of prolactin. PMID- 6793884 TI - TSH release during the estrous cycle of the rat: variations in responsiveness to cervicovaginal stimulation. AB - Serum TSH, LH and FSH were measured at various times during the day, during the estrous cycle of the rat. Proestrous surges of FSH and LH were detected as previously reported. TSH values fell to low levels in the late afternoon on each day of the cycle. There was a significant elevation of TSH at 13.00 h on both proestrus and estrus. The elevation of TSH on proestrus was accompanied by a significant fall in pituitary TSH stores. LH stores were also significantly depleted by 19.00 h on proestrus. Cervicovaginal stimulation by a glass rod provoked a significant rise in serum TSH 3 h after stimulation at 10.00 h on estrus but not on other days of the cycle. Responsiveness to a test dose of TRH varied during the cycle. It was maximal on proestrus and declined to minimum values on diestrus day II. Values were further lowered after ovariectomy but were restored to diestrus day II levels by treatment with estradiol. It is concluded that there are important cyclic variations in TSH release in the female rat, that cervicovaginal stimulation can provoke TSH release on estrus and that these changes are associated with altered responsiveness to TRH. We conclude that ovarian steroids modulate the release of TSH from the pituitary and affect the responsiveness to cervicovaginal stimulation. These changes are presumably brought about by alterations in TRH release and in responsiveness of the pituitary to the neurohormone. PMID- 6793887 TI - Behavioral interactions between opiate and antiepileptic drugs in the mouse. PMID- 6793886 TI - Destruction of 5-hydroxytryptaminergic neurons and the dynamics of dopamine in nucleus accumbens septi and other forebrain regions of the rat. PMID- 6793888 TI - Cytology of the pineal gland and its response to epinephrine and 6 hydroxydopamine in Indian weaver bird (Ploceus philippinus). PMID- 6793889 TI - Physician use of services for the hospitalized patient: a review, with implications for cost containment. PMID- 6793890 TI - Use of social science data for policy analysis and policy-making. PMID- 6793891 TI - Clinical investigation: USAF Medical Center Keesler's third mission element. PMID- 6793893 TI - Medical genetics USAF medical Center Keesler. PMID- 6793892 TI - A stat lab: the heart of a medical center laboratory. PMID- 6793894 TI - Design and implementation of the human development center (HDC) at USAF Medical Center Keesler. PMID- 6793895 TI - Child advocacy; the comprehensive program at Keesler Medical Center. PMID- 6793896 TI - Experience with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as a tumor marker. PMID- 6793898 TI - Serological markers for hepatitis types A and B among United States Army blood donors. PMID- 6793897 TI - Cancer among navy personnel: occupational comparisons. PMID- 6793899 TI - Oligodendroglioma with sarcomatous features. PMID- 6793900 TI - Neurology in MEDDAC hospital: experience with 1,800 consecutive patients. PMID- 6793901 TI - Brief family therapy with military families. PMID- 6793903 TI - Stress disorders in Vietnam returnees: the problem continues. Case report. PMID- 6793902 TI - Postsurgical stabilization of multiple alveolar-tooth segments. PMID- 6793904 TI - Recurrent abdominal colic as the sole symptom of Wilson's Disease: case report. PMID- 6793905 TI - Federal medical chiefs on progress and plans. Air Force Medical Service. PMID- 6793906 TI - Federal medical chiefs on progress and plans. Army Medical Department. PMID- 6793907 TI - Federal medical chiefs on progress and plans. Navy Medical Department. PMID- 6793908 TI - Federal medical chiefs on progress and plans. Veterans Administration. PMID- 6793909 TI - Federal medical chiefs on progress and plans. Department of Defense. PMID- 6793910 TI - Medical consequences of the various weapons systems used in combat in Thailand. PMID- 6793912 TI - Assessment of patients: the standardized report of interview (SRI). PMID- 6793911 TI - Mobile health units. PMID- 6793913 TI - The diabetic foot ulcer: a complex problem with a simple treatment approach. PMID- 6793915 TI - Case for diagnosis: hepatitis B. PMID- 6793916 TI - Heterosexual panic: case report. PMID- 6793914 TI - Neural complications of transvenous pacemaker implantation: hoarseness and diaphragmatic paralysis: case reports. PMID- 6793919 TI - The miracle of microsurgery. PMID- 6793918 TI - Duodenal duplication: an unexpected finding at surgery. Case report. PMID- 6793917 TI - Histiocytic lymphoma arising at the site of injection of anti-lymphocytic globulin: necropsy follow-up of previously reported case. PMID- 6793920 TI - [Double-blind study of lysine acetylsalicylate in the control of postoperative pain of somatic origin]. AB - In 61 patients submitted to subdural anesthesia for orthopedic operations, postoperative somatic pain was treated by double-blind iv injection of lysine acetylsalicylate 1.8 g or placebo randomly. Patients with persistent pain received methadone 10 mg im. No placebo response was obtained; LAS had similar but shorter effects than methadone. No significant side effect was observed. PMID- 6793921 TI - [Treatment of postoperative pain with non-narcotic drugs; evaluation of lysine acetylsalicylate in high doses. Double-blind controlled study]. AB - Further work on the treatment of postoperative pain with non-narcotic analgesics involving an investigation of the effect of twice the customary dose of lysine acetylsalicylate in a double-blind trial versus meperidine is reported. In addition to subjective and objective pain, the parameters included blood pressure, pulse rate, breathing rate, sweating, pupil diameter, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hiccuping feeling of cold, erythema, dizziness, and nasograstric sound intolerance. Application of Wilcoxon's non-parametric tests and the chi square test showed that the drug was as good as or better than meperidine with regard to pain, and performed very well overall with respect to the other parameters. The conclusion is drawn that its administration in high doses is justified in many patients subjected to general surgery. PMID- 6793923 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate in therapy of postoperative pain. Clinical and pharmacokinetic data and their correlation]. PMID- 6793922 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate in the control of postoperative pain in surgery of the upper abdomen]. AB - To evaluate the action of lysine acetylsalicylate in controlling post-operative pain a controlled double blind clinical trial was carried out in thirty patients subjected to surgical procedures on the upper gastrointestinal tract. The results or the trial support analgesic properties of the drug in the postoperative period and the absence of relevant untoward effects. The low toxicity and the absence of the side effects typical to narcotic analgesics suggest to study the analgesic effects of ASL with higher dosage schedules or different administrations in order to increase the analgesic potency of the drug in the post-operative period. PMID- 6793924 TI - [Postoperative analgesia with lysine salicylate and pentazocine]. AB - The analgesic effect of two doses (1.8 and 3.6 g) of acetylsalicylate of lysine and two doses (30 and 60 mg) of pentazocine was studied after random administration to 40 patients who had undergone cholecystectomy. The experimental pattern was a four-point bio-assay and pain intensity was assessed on a 0 to 100 algesimetric scale by the patients themselves upon administration of the analgesic and after 30, 60 and 120 minutes. The analgesic of acetylsalicylate of lysine proved dose-dependent with a power ratio with respect to pentazocine of between 43 and 65. PMID- 6793925 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate by subcutaneous administration in therapy of postoperative pain. Preliminary note]. PMID- 6793927 TI - [Comparison between extradural morphine and lysine acetylsalicylate in the treatment of postoperative pain]. AB - We have compared the analgesic properties in post-operative pain using Morphine (3 mg) injected in the extradural space and I.V. Lysine acetil salicilate (ASL) (1.8 g). Extradural morphine is much more effective in eliminating pain and in prolonging the analgesia. Insignificant the side effect for both treatments. The authors underline the possibility of dependence with extradural morphine especially in those cases when morphine is repeated more than 2-3 times. PMID- 6793926 TI - [Lysine acetylsalicylate in the therapy of pain in thoracic surgical patients. Comparison of LAS and pentazocine]. PMID- 6793928 TI - [Guide to the treatment of tetanus. The essentials]. PMID- 6793929 TI - [Acute pulmonary edema. Clinical experience in re-evaluation of the therapeutic role of chlorpromazine]. PMID- 6793930 TI - [Our experience with parenteral feeding of the surgical patient]. PMID- 6793931 TI - [Differentiated approach to central venous catheterization. Indications, technic and complications]. PMID- 6793932 TI - [Evaluation of operative risk. The importance of correction of nutritional deficiency]. PMID- 6793933 TI - [Feeding problems in surgery of the esophagus]. PMID- 6793934 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in pediatric surgery]. AB - The authors emphasize theoretical and practical aspects which do of TPN a very important therapeutic support in paediatric surgery, especially of newborn. Authors report synthetically their cases of the last two years; then they discuss some aspects related to TPN (management) linging in particular over possible complications. Authors conclude affirming that the risk of such complications in well equipped Intensive Care should be not considered a brake to utilization of TPN, basic support to survival and good results in the most serious paediatric surgical pathology. PMID- 6793935 TI - [Problems of acid-base equilibrium of the organism]. AB - The physiopathology, clinical aspects and diagnosis of changes in Acid-Base balance are reviewed. Balance depends on diet, metabolism and efficiency of the emunctory organs (intestinal, renal and respiratory). Changes in Acid-Base balance are more frequent than is commonly thought and are also seen in out patients whose general condition is not serious. Specific diagnosis is based exclusively on blood measurement of pH, PCO2 and HCO3. It is necessary and sufficient for the physician to remember to carry out these studies more often. It is thus possible to identify and correct initial situations of altered A-B balance which, if ignored, may aggravate general condition to a sometimes fatal extent. PMID- 6793937 TI - [Association of non-secreting myeloma and ankylosing spondylitis. Considerations on a clinical case]. AB - Connections between inflammatory rheumatic diseases and plasmacellular dyscrasias are still discussed. The observation of non-secretory IgA k myeloma occurred in a patient suffering by ankylosing spondylitis has induced us to do some considerations about the possible connections between these diseases and to stress the rarity of such association never reported in literature. PMID- 6793936 TI - [Apropos of a case of idiopathic cryoagglutininemia with cryoglobulinemia and bone marrow lymphoplasmacytoid infiltration]. AB - A case of idiopathic cryoagglutininaemia, with cryoglobulinaemia and lymphoplasmacytoid infiltration of the bone marrow is reported. The case is not held to be an independent clinical entity but an aspect of immunoproliferative disease, similar to Waldenstrom's disease. An association of steroids in high doses and cyclophosphamide led to a definite improvement in the clinical and haematological picture and this has continued for the past 4 years with little or no treatment. PMID- 6793938 TI - [Clinical and radiographic diagnostic problems in a case of multiple intramural esophageal diverticulosis in a patient with miliary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6793939 TI - [Some clinical cases of galactorrhea and/or hyperprolactin amenorrhea]. PMID- 6793940 TI - [The Kleihauer test and directed prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to materno-fetal Rh-factor isoimmunization. Preventive note]. PMID- 6793941 TI - [Factor VIII and glomerular nephropathy]. PMID- 6793943 TI - [Evaluation of factor VIII during renal diseases]. PMID- 6793945 TI - Central respiratory stimulant effect by thyrotropin in releasing hormone in the rat. AB - Anaesthetized male rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with the tripeptide, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). Respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT) and minute volume (VE) were measured in a closed whole body plethysmograph by a low pressure transducer connected to a Grass polygraph. TRH induced an approximately 50% increase in f, while VT was not altered. VE increased in the same proportion as f. Our results indicate that TRH neurons or TRH-sensitive receptors may be involved in the regulation of central respiratory activity. PMID- 6793942 TI - [Changes in several blood coagulation parameters in the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6793946 TI - Treatment of hepatic coma with an L-valine supplement to full parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6793944 TI - [Dynamics of the changes in sex hormones after renal transplant]. PMID- 6793947 TI - Endocrine transplantation; progress. PMID- 6793949 TI - Long term oxygen therapy at home. PMID- 6793948 TI - Etiologic agents of meningitis in early life. PMID- 6793950 TI - Health planning: a physician's look. PMID- 6793951 TI - Immunologic reaction to oral cancer. PMID- 6793952 TI - [Current problems of total hip joint endoprosthesis]. PMID- 6793953 TI - [Immunologic prevention and treatment of wound infection in open fractures and osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6793954 TI - Abnormal secretion of growth hormone in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone in ring Turner's syndrome. PMID- 6793955 TI - [Changes in respiratory and circulatory parameters provoked by crying in respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6793956 TI - [Sodium cromoglycate (Intal) in the treatment of pollen-induced rhinitis]. PMID- 6793957 TI - Use of the Shaw scalpel in head and neck surgery. AB - Fifty patients undergoing a variety of head and neck surgical procedures were used to study a new thermally activated scalpel. No electric current passes through the patient and, thus, no ground pad is needed. Subjective equipment evaluation resulted in mean scores of 3.8 (1 = worthless and 5 = excellent) for effectiveness of hemostasis and 4.1 for blade sharpness. The Shaw scalpel system is a worthwhile surgical tool 70% of the time. It is excellent for raising flaps and for use in precise surgery where small capillary bleeding typically obscures visibility (ie, parotid surgery). PMID- 6793958 TI - Fourth branchial fistula. AB - The course of a fourth branchial fistula is reviewed. Although no complete fistula has yet been described, the anatomy of such a fistula can be determined from a knowledge of the embryologic development of the brachial region. The fistula must first ascend over the hypoglossal nerve before caudal to the fourth area arterial structures. This description is different from the one commonly recognized by otolaryngologists. PMID- 6793959 TI - Epidural mucopyocele: diagnosis and management. AB - Mucopyoceles of the frontoethmoid sinuses occurring as an epidural mass are uncommon. Four patients with this condition have been managed over the last eight years by the authors. Two patients had early recurrence of their disease following carefully performed ablation and frontal craniectomy. Marsupialization, or permanently draining the ablated frontal sinus cavity into the nose, was the initial treatment of the other two patients, and subsequently the therapy of choice for all patients in this series. PMID- 6793960 TI - Potentiation of infections by biomaterials: a comparison of three materials. AB - Biomaterial implants frequently potentiate infections in patients, yet rarely have we considered the interactions between bacteria and biomaterials responsible for this. There is extensive literature concerning suture materials of various types and a few studies comparing porous and solid implants. We have developed a simple, relatively atraumatic model for comparing rates of infection surrounding a biomaterial implant in paired single animal observations. Statistically significant differences between silicone and fluorocarbon implants and between silicone and bioglass implants are demonstrated. The relatively greater rate of infection with silicones is consistent with a previous clinical study. The further use of this model for evaluation of material-surface interfacial effects is proposed. PMID- 6793961 TI - The effect of submandibular duct rerouting in the treatment of sialorrhea in children. AB - Sialorrhea is an indication of an upset in the coordinated mechanism control of facial tone and palate musculature. Disturbance in this coordination results in excess pooling of saliva in the anterior mouth and resultant drooling. In addition to the hygienic problems associated with drooling, sialorrhea also interferes with speech clarity and nutrition. It may also cause increased infections and dehydration, and may provide for further isolation of the afflicted from the mainstream of life. Current therapeutic modalities are reviewed and compared with submandibular duct rerouting. Twenty-five consecutive pediatric patients in whom submandibular duct rerouting was performed are evaluated for postoperative drooling and submandibular gland function. The procedure was found to have low morbidity and to be effective in control of sialorrhea in pediatric patients. PMID- 6793962 TI - Combined neurosurgical-otolaryngologic operative approach to a massive nasoethmoidal encephalomeningocele. AB - Frontal encephaloceles are uncommon yet challenging therapeutic problems that require careful planning and cooperation between the disciplines of neurosurgery and head and neck surgery. A case presentation is discussed together with the embryology, differential diagnosis, and surgical approach to the problem. PMID- 6793963 TI - Perichondritis of the larynx following radiation. AB - In a retrospective study of 348 patients receiving radiotherapy as the primary treatment for carcinoma involving the laryngeal region, perichondritis developed in 52--an incidence of 15%. Of these 52 cases of clinically diagnosed perichondritis, 50% had residual or recurrent carcinoma. A controversy exists regarding the value of frequent and multiple biopsies in these patients; disease will be missed if this is not done, but perichondritis and cartilage necrosis may result from infection introduced by repeated laryngeal manipulation. On the basis of this study the authors recommend an aggressive approach with close follow-up and multiple frequent biopsies as the data indicate an incidence of 50% recurrent or residual tumor when perichondritis is present. PMID- 6793964 TI - Carcinoma of the nasopharynx in childhood. AB - Squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx is an uncommon disease in childhood. Ten patients under the age of 18 years with nasopharyngeal carcinoma are reviewed. The average patient age was 13 years and the average duration of symptoms was 18 weeks. Cervical mass (8/10) and hearing loss (4/10) were the most frequently encountered complaints. Three- and five-year determinate survival was 50% and 44% respectively. Bilateral cervical metastases or cranial nerve impairment from neoplasm offered a poor prognosis. PMID- 6793965 TI - Ulcerating tumor of tonsil and neck mass as occurrence of acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - A case of acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) occurring in the tonsillar fossa as an ulcerating lesion with a neck mass is described. Other common occurrences of AML in the upper respiratory tract are discussed. This disease entity may be confused with squamous cell carcinoma on initial examination. PMID- 6793966 TI - Mandibular fracture reduction with eccentric dynamic compression plate: new treatment for an old problem. AB - We describe a technique and theory of application of the Eccentric Dynamic Compression Plate (EDCP) and the Dynamic Compression Plate (DCP) for mandibular fracture fixation, developed by Speissl in Switzerland, and our experience with the application of 15 plates in ten edentulous or nearly edentulous patients over the past 18 months. While we have had soft tissue infections in 4 of 15 fracture sites, our results reveal satisfactory bony healing in 14 of 15 fracture sites. We, therefore, believe that while this technique is still in the infant stages of clinical application in the United States, it has the potential to revolutionize the thinking and practice of mandibular fracture therapy. PMID- 6793967 TI - Chyle fistula management. AB - Chyle fistula is a potentially devastating phenomenon that results from violation of the thoracic duct or right lymphatic duct in the neck, most commonly during radical neck dissection. It may impair nutrition, compromise and delay wound healing, and prolong hospitalization. In view of the morbidity produced by chyle leak discovered postoperatively and the lack of success of its management by aggressive surgical techniques, we have employed a different protocol for the past six years. It is based on careful intraoperative inspection of the neck for possibly chyle fistula, minimal but specific surgical handling of the damaged duct, and a postoperative nutritional program designed to reduce chyle formation and facilitate spontaneous closure. The nutritional element involves the use of medium chain triglycerides (MCT) that are easily ingested, rapidly absorbed, and readily metabolized directly into the portal venous system, bypassing the thoracic duct lymphatic system. During a four-year period, 1976 to 1980, 574 radical neck dissections were performed with only six chyle fistulas being detected postoperatively. All have been successfully treated by the protocol with no patients requiring reexploration. There have been no deaths owing to chyle fistula and no complications or side effects from the use of medium chain triglycerides. PMID- 6793968 TI - Computed tomography vs laryngography: a comparison of relative diagnostic value. AB - The computed tomography (CT) scans and laryngograms of 25 patients with laryngeal cancer were compared and evaluated in an assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of each modality in the supraglottic, glottic, and subglottic regions. Fourth generation scanners were used in these patients, all of whom subsequently underwent laryngectomy or partial laryngectomy. The clinical superiority of CT scanning was evident in several areas--confirming clinical impressions that laryngography is not as accurate as CT, is frequently misleading, and offers no significant advantages over CT. In this regard, we now believe that computed tomography is the most important radiologic adjunct in the diagnosis of laryngeal cancer, and we no longer order the laryngogram on a routine basis. PMID- 6793969 TI - Treatment of nasofrontal ethmoidal complex fractures. AB - Successful reduction of severely telescoped nasofrontal ethmoidal fractures is difficult to achieve. In an effort to improve the results, a technique involving open reduction and external fixation was performed on three patients. These cases, along with ten other nasofrontal ethmoidal fractures treated between 1971 and 1980, are presented, with special emphasis in methods of reduction, stabilization, and results. The method of open reduction using an osteoplastic frontal sinus flap with external fixation gave the best overall results. PMID- 6793971 TI - A study of the premature neonatal airway. AB - Children born prematurely are now enjoying improved survival with advances in neonatology and ventilatory support. A study of upper airway size in specimens from 39 prematurely born children reveals 7.7% having a cricoid ring diameter greater or equal to the diameter of the tracheal rings. The more commonly expected relationship of the cricoid ring being smaller than the tracheal rings existed in the rest. This may be of importance in instrumentation or intubation of the airway in premature neonates. The gestational age was a better indicator of cricoid ring diameter than birth weight. From these findings a formula for reliably predicting the cricoid diameter is proposed, aiding the clinician in endotracheal tube or airway instrument selection. The combined lung weights were directly related to airway diameter irrespective of measurements of tracheal or cricoid rings. This has not been previously reported and would imply the existence of laryngo-tracheo-broncho-pulmonary hypoplasia in the premature infant. PMID- 6793972 TI - Delayed reinnervation of unilateral vocal cord paralysis in dogs. AB - The neuromuscular implantation technique for rehabilitation of unilateral vocal cord paralysis was performed in four dogs at the time of denervation and in six dogs after varying intervals of chronic denervation. As would be expected, the chronically denervated animals did not achieve the vocal cord excursion of the acute denervations, but some return of motion was noted even after six months. Histologic examination of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle was correlated with the return of movement. PMID- 6793970 TI - Electron microscopy and L-dopa reaction in the evaluation of an unusual amelanotic malignant melanoma of the neck. AB - A 28-year-old white man with a neck mass is described. A diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma was made by L-dopa reaction and electron microscopy. This tumor could represent a metastasis from an unknown primary or a primary that had undergone spontaneous regression. It could also be a rare primary tumor of the cervical sympathetic chain. Electron microscopy and the L-dopa reaction are emphasized as important adjuncts in the diagnoses of amelanotic melanoma. PMID- 6793973 TI - Detailed investigation of alaryngeal speech to elucidate etiology of variation in quality. AB - Multiple parameters in the postlaryngectomy patient were statistically investigated with regard to acquisition and quality of alaryngeal speech. The 15 most significant variables are discussed. Esophageal peristalsis occurred during attempts to inject air for vocalization in 100% of the poor or nonspeakers. This may serve as an early indication to proceed with a synthetic vocal prosthesis. PMID- 6793974 TI - Benign adenoma of the middle ear cavity causing facial paralysis. AB - The otologic surgeon infrequently encounters tumors confined to the middle ear cavity. A 30-year-old man had a right facial nerve palsy that was believed to be secondary to chronic otitis media. At surgical exploration, an adenoma of the middle ear involving the ossicles and overlying the facial nerve was found, a radical mastoidectomy performed, and subsequent complete recovery of the facial nerve noted. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a middle ear benign adenoma causing a facial paralysis and the pathology, cause, and differential diagnosis will be discussed. PMID- 6793975 TI - The effect of blood pressure on compression-induced facial nerve neuropraxia in the cat. AB - The facial nerves of 21 adult anesthetized cats were exposed from the parotid gland to the orbicularis oculi muscle. The summated action potential (SAP) of the orbicularis oculi muscle was recorded. A calibrated pressure block was applied to the intact facial nerve between the stimulating electrode and the muscle. Pressures of between 150 and 200 mm Hg caused a rapid stable neuropraxia. In ten animals the blood pressure was elevated by a constant levarterenol infusion. In 11 animals the blood pressure was elevated by coarcting the abdominal aorta and volume overloading the rostral vascular system. In both groups, in all animals, when the systolic blood pressure exceeded the pressure applied to the nerve, a substantial increase in SAP amplitude was noted. If the systolic pressure was allowed to fall below the pressure on the nerve, the neuropraxia rapidly returned. This data suggest that within a physiologic pressure range of 150 to 200 mm Hg there is a reversible ischemic phase of compression neuropraxia and it is in complete accord with the earlier work of Devriese. PMID- 6793976 TI - Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) ototoxicity in the guinea pig. AB - Cochleas from 12 guinea pigs were evaluated using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy after systemic administration of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (cis-DDP). Administration of cis-DDP resulted in loss of the Preyer reflex and degeneration of outer hair cells (OHC) with increased dose. The OHC degeneration was most pronounced in the basal turns of the cochlea with greatest severity in the inner row. Ultrastructural evidence of OHC degeneration included dilatation of the parietal membranes, softening of the cuticular plate, increased vacuolization and increased numbers of lysosome-like bodies in the apical portion of the cell. Supporting cells appeared more sensitive than OHC. Alteration of supporting cell ultrastructure preceded detectable change in OHC. Injury to the supporting cells was noted with intracellular vesiculation and increased autophagocytosis. PMID- 6793977 TI - Otospongiosis: morphologic and microchemical investigation after NaF-treatment. AB - Element analysis of microareas of otospongiotic specimens is described. A total of 36 otospongiotic stapes are ultrasectioned without decalcification and examined using a transmission and a scanning electron microscopy (STEM-mode). The latter was equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray analyzer. Twenty of the stapes came from patients who have had sodium fluoride (NaF) treatment (15 to 45 mg/day) for a minimum of 12 months. The otospongiotic stapes are classified as spongiotic and sclerotic according to their pathologic characteristics and state of mineralization. Using the Ca/P ratio as criterion--measured by the characteristic x-ray fluorescence--it was shown in a blind study that the NaF treated otospongiotic stapes had a statistically higher Ca/P ratio, indicating that the fluoride may stabilize otospongiotic lesions, particularly the spongiotic type with unstable mineralization. PMID- 6793978 TI - Otologic care in a school for the deaf. PMID- 6793979 TI - Waardenburg's syndrome: variations in expressivity. AB - Twenty-seven subjects with a family history of Waardenburg's syndrome were examined with respect to 18 specific characteristics of the syndrome, with particular emphasis in identifying the spectrum of the phenotypic expression of affected persons. Our results indicate that patients with the syndrome may have a variety of clinical signs, and an accurate diagnosis will therefore depend on a thorough and pertinent family history and physical examination. PMID- 6793980 TI - Electrodermal audiometry: renewed acquaintance with an old friend. AB - Reasonable requirements for any test of nonorganic hearing impairment are that the procedure should result in both identification of a nonorganic problem and an accurate determination of true organic thresholds. In our clinical experience, no hearing test meets the determination of threshold requirement as accurately and as efficiently as electrodermal audiometry (EDR). The purpose of this presentation is to offer a brief review of our recent clinical experience with EDR audiometry, including representative case histories. PMID- 6793981 TI - Temperature characteristics of squirrel monkey horizontal semicircular canals during caloric irrigation. AB - Current assumptions concerning body temperature of experimental animals, particularly as it relates to the selection of caloric test stimuli, are likely to be inaccurate guesses. Although the temporal bone of squirrel monkeys attenuates irrigation temperature by a factor of nearly 10, there is a high correlation between thermal changes in inner ear fluid and irrigation values. In this study, nystagmus (defined by electronystagmographic thresholds) occurred when horizontal canal temperatures deviated from resting temperature by +/- 0.14 C. PMID- 6793982 TI - Sebaceous cell carcinoma of the external auditory canal. AB - Sebaceous cell carcinoma is an extremely uncommon tumor; fewer than 100 cases have been reported, with most of these lesions arising in the meibomian glands in the tarsal plates. Other sites in the head and neck have been noted, but this is the first reported case originating in the external auditory canal. PMID- 6793983 TI - Methods of shortening the operative time of a total face-lift. AB - Recognizing the need to reduce the usual lengthy operating time of face-life surgery with its inherent risks and to make it possible the combining of multiple operative procedures of the face, the author explains a technique for shortening the face-lift procedure without sacrificing important steps to produce an effective, long-lasting result. Some of these steps include rapid, but careful administration of sedation, expeditious administration of local anesthesia through preplaced spinal needles, effective illumination of the field, particularly beneath the skin flaps, for rapid hemostasis with use of electrocautery, a safe and swift method of extensive undermining, strategic use of subcutaneous suspension sutures for plication, application of temporary anchor sutures in the rotation of skin flaps, the use of skin clamps for rapid closure, and a Hemovac for postoperative control of bleeding. PMID- 6793984 TI - Reconstruction of the mandible: use of combined homologous mandible and autologous bone. AB - Loss of portions of the mandible as a result of trauma or cancer surgery poses a difficult problem in reconstruction. Experience in the use of the mandibular homograft combined with autologous bone and bone marrow in 26 patients is reviewed. It is evident that this method of reconstruction has many advantages but is a failure in patients who have received radiation therapy to the recipient site. PMID- 6793986 TI - [Classification of hypoxic states]. PMID- 6793987 TI - [State of biological oxidation in the mitochondria of the rabbit myocardium during the blood loss]. PMID- 6793985 TI - Evaluation of platelet kinetics and some coagulation parameters in diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6793988 TI - [Effect of changes in CO2 and O2 tension in circulating blood on coronary vascular resistance and myocardial oxygen consumption in the biological preservation of the heart]. PMID- 6793989 TI - [Gutimine-induced increased resistance to hypoxia]. PMID- 6793990 TI - [Combined method of evaluation of tissue respiration during natural gas homeostasis]. PMID- 6793991 TI - [Use of a gas depot method for the measurement of partial tension of oxygen and carbon dioxide in tissues]. PMID- 6793992 TI - Are measurements of urine enzymes useful during aminoglycoside therapy? AB - We prospectively evaluated concentrations of beta-D-galactosidase, alpha-L fucosidase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and lysozyme in urine from normal subjects, ambulatory patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), and CF patients with previously normal renal function who were receiving intravenous aminoglycoside (AG) therapy. Enzyme activities were generally low or negligible in subjects not receiving AG. Enzymuria was documented during 12 of 13 AG treatment courses and most frequently involved beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase excretion. In nine courses, enzymuria occurred in the absence of proteinuria or elevations of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. In three courses attended by enzymuria and evidence of nephrotoxicity, neither the time of appearance nor the magnitude of enzymuria was different from that of nonnephrotoxic patients. In two of these three treatment courses, enzymuria preceded clinical evidence of nephrotoxicity of 16 and 5 days, and in the third course enzymuria and elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine occurred simultaneously. We conclude that enzymuria is not a reliable predictor of nephrotoxicity due to AG in CF patients and is not an indication of discontinue AG therapy. PMID- 6793994 TI - [Value of the bacteriological examination of urine in the diagnosis of renal tuberculosis in children]. PMID- 6793993 TI - [Metabolic disorders in the blood cells and their role in the etiology of hemorrhage in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6793995 TI - [Convulsive autism? Apropos of 9 cases of primary autism associated with the Lennox-Gastaut syndrome]. PMID- 6793996 TI - [Renovascular hypertension and Recklinghausen's disease. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6793997 TI - Organochlorine residues and mortality of herons. AB - Since 1966, 72 herons found dead or moribund in the field have been analyzed for organochlorine chemicals. In addition, 36 herons were obtained through systematic collections, and carcasses were analyzed to determine sublethal exposure to organochlorines. Brains of birds found dead or moribund were analyzed to determine whether the birds had died of organochlorine poisoning. Residues of DDE were found most frequently (96 of 105 carcasses analyzed), PCBs were second (detected in 90 carcasses), and dieldrin and TDE (detected in 37 and 35 carcasses, respectively) were about equal as third and fourth most frequent. Endrin, mirex, toxaphene, and HCB were found least often (8, 9, 9, and 9 carcasses, respectively). At least one organochlorine was found in each carcass, except for six heron chicks found dead in a Maryland heronry. DDE and PCBs were present in highest concentrations; they exceeded 100 ppm in two birds each. Organochlorine concentrations were almost always higher in adult herons than in immature birds. All birds that had hazardous or lethal concentrations in the brain were adults, and most were great blue herons (Ardea herodias). Dieldrin was the chemical most often considered responsible for death. Herons died of suspected DDT and dieldrin poisoning years after the chemicals were banned in the United States. More than 20 percent of the herons found dead or moribund had lethal or hazardous concentrations of organochlorines in the brain. PMID- 6793998 TI - Organochlorine residues in fish: National Pesticide Monitoring Program, 1970-74. AB - As part of the National Pesticide Monitoring Program, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service analyzed organochlorine contaminant residues in fish samples collected from about 100 stations each year from 1970 to 1974. During this period, mean residues of DDT and its metabolites declined nationally but remained widespread, and high concentrations continued to be present in areas where DDT use was extensive. Results of interlaboratory crosscheck analyses supported these conclusions, despite interpretation problems posed by intercompound analytical interferences in 1970 and 1971. Temporal trends in PCB residues were less obvious. Highest PCB residues were found in the industrialized areas of the Northwest and Midwest, and traces were present at most stations. Dieldrin and endrin residues remained essentially unchanged during this period; dieldrin residues were widespread and were highest in Hawaii and in areas of the Midwest where aldrin was used extensively. Toxaphene occurrence increased; it was formerly found only in fish from streams draining cotton-farming regions, but residues were detected in 1974 samples from other areas. According to the recommendation of the National Academy of Sciences' Water Quality Criteria, organochlorine residues in freshwater fish may have represented a hazard to piscivorous fish and wildlife at 71 percent of the stations sampled in 1970 and 66 percent in 1974. PMID- 6793999 TI - Calculated changes in pH and pCO2 in arterial blood plasma assuming absence of ion and water exchange between plasma and erythrocytes during their equilibration with alveolar gas. AB - As a contribution to solving the problem of pH disequilibrium in arterial blood, the results of two modes of gas exchange in the lung have been calculated using an equilibrium state model of the blood. In both cases the HCO3-/Cl-exchange was assumed to occur after the gas exchange in the pulmonary capillaries. When the gas exchange was assumed to be dependent on intra-erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase, the plasma pH in the arterial blood increased. When plasma erythrocytes were assumed to equilibrate separately with the alveolar gas due to pressure of extra-erythrocytic carbonic anhydrase, plasma pH in the arterial blood decreased. In each case there was a slight increase in pCO2 after the blood had left the pulmonary capillaries. PMID- 6794000 TI - [Labelled CO2 breath-tests in gastroenterology (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a few microcuries of 14C labelled molecules with very short biological half-life for breath-tests gives no more body irradiation than 10 minutes' exposure to the sun. Yet it provides the gastroenterologist with accurate information. Detection and identification of fat malabsorption are easy when 3 labelled lipids are used. Glycine 1 14C cholate administered orally offers a simple, rapid and effective screening technique for the detection of increased bile salt deconjugation and may provide a valuable diagnostic supplement in the study of steatorrhea after ileal resection, bypass or bacterial overgrowth. The clearance of labelled aminopyrine can be decreased in hepatocellular dysfunction or increased in some alcoholic patients or in patients receiving phenobarbitone. Tracer doses of labelled ethanol were used to study the metabolism of ethanol by the liver in alcoholic patients. Chronic ingestion of alcohol stimulates the activity of microsomal drug-metabolising enzymes in both non-cirrhotic and cirrhotic patients; this response is lost in acute liver damage and in chronic alcoholic disease with severe hepatic dysfunction. The CO2-labelled breath-tests are non-invasive, effective and inexpensive. The forthcoming replacement of 14C by non-radioactive 13C or briefly radioactive 11C will render these tests even more attractive. PMID- 6794001 TI - [Can amino acid solutions be responsible for metabolic acidosis in severe septic states?]. PMID- 6794002 TI - [Bone marrow toxicity of sodium dipropylacetate]. PMID- 6794003 TI - [Oral sodium cromoglycate. Effect on hyperglobulinemia E and atopic eczema in child]. PMID- 6794004 TI - [Binding of factor VIII/Willebrand to Bernard-Soulier and thrombasthenic platelets (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied the binding of Factor VIII/Willebrand factor (FVIII/WF) to the platelets of ten normal donors, five patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS), three clinically normal patients heterozygous for BSS (BSS hetero), and three with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT). The amount of 125I-FVIII/WF bound to the platelets was measured in the presence or absence of ristocetin, the results expressed as percentage of total radioactivity added. The time course of 125I FVIII/WF showed that maximum binding to the platelets was observed at 30 min, and then a plateau was reached. The binding was ristocetin-dependent and was relative to the concentration of ristocetin added. At a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of ristocetin, specific binding to the normal platelets was 30.9 +/- 2.5 %; at 1.0 mg/Ml, specific binding was 34.7 +/- 3.2% in the normal donors. In the five BSS patients lacking platelet membrane Glycoprotein 1 (GPI), reduced binding of 125I-FVII/WF was observed. At a final concentration of 1 mg/ml of ristocetin, the mean value of the binding was 13.7 % (11.5 % -14.8 %); at a final concentration of 0.5 mg/ml of ristocetin, the mean value decreased to 5.6 % (2.9 %-7.2 %). In the three BSS hetero patients, binding was near normal, although there were reduced amounts of platelet membrane GPI. Binding was slightly decreased in the three thrombasthenic patients lacking GP IIb/IIIa. PMID- 6794005 TI - Geriatrics: a cure for the caring problem? PMID- 6794006 TI - Immunological response to four pulpal medicaments. PMID- 6794007 TI - [New theories on the structure and expression of immunoglobulin genes]. PMID- 6794008 TI - [Clinical pattern, biochemical changes and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma]. PMID- 6794009 TI - Melanotrophin-potentiating factor (MPF) potentiates MSH-induced melanogenesis in hair follicle melanocytes. AB - Melanotrophin-potentiating factor (MPF) is a fragment of human beta-lipotrophin (LPH 88-91) which potentiates the action of alpha-MSH on Anolis skin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of MPF on MSH-induced melanogenesis. Pooled hair follicle scrapings from Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were incubated for 48 hours with or without alpha-MSH and/or MPF. Melanogenesis was monitored by measuring tyrosinase activity and melanin accumulation. 10-8 M MPF potentiated the effect of no effect on melanogenesis, but 10-9 to 10-7 M alpha MSH caused a dose-related increase. 10-8 M MPF potentiated the effect of each dose of alpha-MSH. Thus MPF potentiated MSH action on mammalian melanogenesis as well as on reptilian melanosome dispersion. Although each of these processes involve different intracellular responses the receptor mechanisms involved in each may therefore be the same. PMID- 6794010 TI - Effects of TRH and PS-24 on colonic temperature and motor activity of rats: possible role of dopamine. AB - TRH and PS-24 (a TRH peptidase resistant analogue) induce different effects on body temperature and motor activity in rats kept at 4 degrees C. PS-24 induced hypothermia, but TRH did not. PS-24 induced hypermotility, while TRH induced slight hypomotility. The thermal effect of TRH in hypophysectomized rats was similar to its effect in control intact rats, but PS-24 induced marked hypothermia in hypophysectomized rats. While TRH partially blocked d-amphetamine induced hypothermia, PS-24 induced marked hypothermia in hypophysectomized rats. While TRH partially blocked d-amphetamine-induced hypothermia were blocked in olfactory tubercle-lesioned rats. The data indicate that the thermal effects of PS-24 are mediated by the dopaminergic neurons in the nucleus accumbens and are reversible by pretreatment with haloperidol in hypophysectomized rats. In addition, no correlation between the effects of the treatments on thermoregulation and motor activity was found. PMID- 6794011 TI - TRH and histidyl-proline diketopiperazine inhibit cholesterol synthesis in dog intestine. AB - Low concentrations of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and one of its metabolites, histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, are shown to have an inhibitory effect on the activation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase which occurs during organ culture of canine intestinal mucosa. Somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, in contrast, are shown to have no effect. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, recently shown to be present in gut mucosa, may be a physiological regulator of intestinal cholesterol synthesis. Histidyl-proline diketopiperazine, an active metabolite of the hormone, is possibly the active agent since its inhibitory effect was observed at a concentration as low as 10(-12) M. These observations demonstrate an effect on intestinal metabolism by a neurotransmitter like hormone at potentially physiologic concentrations. PMID- 6794013 TI - In vitro LHRH release: correlation with the LH surge and alteration by a mammary carcinogen. AB - The releasability of LHRH from neurosecretory terminals, as assessed in vitro by depolarization of hypothalamic synaptosomes with elevated K+, varies as a function of the time of day in parallel with the LH surge. Pretreatment of ovariectomized female rats with dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) results in a blockade of the estrogen-induced LH surge and a blunting of LHRH release as measured in vitro. An examination of the LHRH release process revealed that K+ stimulated release of particulate LHRH was inhibited by DMBA pretreatment while basal release of particulate LHRH and both basal and K+-stimulated release of soluble LHRH were not altered. These results suggest that release of particulate LHRH is closely coupled with the estrogen-induced LH surge. PMID- 6794012 TI - The influence of indomethacin on vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin in the cat. AB - The effects of indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were investigated in the peripheral vascular bed of the anesthetized cat. Intra-arterial injections of bradykinin and nitroglycerin elicited dose-related decreases in mesenteric and hindquarters vascular resistance. Mesenteric vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin in absolute units were unchanged 30 min after administration of indomethacin whereas responses to bradykinin expressed as an absolute mm Hg decrease in perfusion pressure were increased. Indomethacin was also without effect on vasodilator responses to lower doses of nitroglycerin whereas responses to higher doses of nitroglycerin and bradykinin in absolute units were enhanced in the hindquarters vascular bed. Indomethacin increased vascular resistance in the mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds and decreased systemic vasodepressor responses to the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid. When the increase in (initial value) vascular resistance was taken into account by expressing vasodilator responses on a percent decrease basis, indomethacin only enhanced the vasodilator response to the highest does of bradykinin studies. Result of the present study suggest that products in the cyclooxygenase pathway may serve to maintain the peripheral vascular bed of the cat in a dilated state but that these metabolites do not mediate vasodilator responses to bradykinin. The present data further suggest that products in the cyclooxygenase pathway may play a minor role in modulating the dilator effects of bradykinin in the mesenteric and hindquarters vascular beds of the cat. PMID- 6794014 TI - [Sphingolipidosis]. PMID- 6794015 TI - [The binding of glycosaminoglycans with plasma proteins]. PMID- 6794016 TI - [Aneurysm or diverticulum of the right atrium]. PMID- 6794017 TI - [Intestinal adaptation]. PMID- 6794018 TI - Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy. AB - Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy are described in a 61-year-old diabetic patient who presented wit hypoglycaemic coma. These features have not previously been reported as side effects of glibenclamide therapy, but intrahepatic cholestasis may occur with chlorpropamide, a similar sulphonylurea agent. The mechanism of this cholestasis is not clear at present. PMID- 6794019 TI - Coronary grafting--a sound investment? PMID- 6794020 TI - [Serum thyrocalcitonin and parathyroid hormone content in children with diffuse toxic goiter and hypothyroidism]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used to study the blood thyrocalcitonin (TCT) and parathyroid hormone (PH) content in children with diffuse toxic goitre and hypothyrosis. The blood plasma TCT content was determined in 20 children with thyrotoxicosis and in 28 subjects with hypothyrosis. PH content was examined correspondingly in 18 and 20 patients. It was concluded that the blood TCT concentration is not significantly changed in children suffering from diffuse toxic goitre and hypothyrosis. PH content decreases in patients with thyrotoxicosis. Wide variability of PH individual values is peculiar to hyperthyrosis. TCT and PH have no essential significance in the pathogenesis of bone injuries and mineral metabolism changes in thyroid diseases of children. PMID- 6794021 TI - [Cerebral neuropeptides and their neuroendocrine effect]. PMID- 6794022 TI - [Prolactin secretion in Cushing's syndrome]. AB - The results are presented of investigation on prolactin secretion in 30 patients with Icenko-Cushing's disease in the active stage and during remission, resultant of the treatment with the adrenocortical secretion inhibitor chloditan. The changes in the blood prolactin concentration were determined on the empty stomach by radioimmunoassay in the presence of insulin hypoglycemia with simultaneous thyroliberin injection. It was found that prolactin basal level in the blood increased and the hypophyseal reaction to stress, induced by insulin hypoglycemia and thyroliberin injection in the active stage of Icenko-Cushing's disease, reduced. Hypophyseal reaction to stimulants was considerably lowered in males versus females. Clinical remission of chloditan-treated Icenko-Cushing's disease was not accompanied by the blood prolactin basal level decrease and hypophyseal reaction improvement to stimulants. PMID- 6794023 TI - [Phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in various forms of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6794024 TI - [Neuroendocrine effect of thyroliberin and its analogs]. AB - In experiments on rats, thyroliberin (TRH) and its analogue pyroglutamyl-histidyl prolinamide stimulating effects on the CNS were shown. They produced a decrease in some phases of the sleep duration (particularly, in the deep one) and augmented the awakening period. At the same time, the antagonistic effect of these compounds with respect to nembutal anaesthesia was seen. On the contrary, TRH analogue pyroglutamyl-seryl-glycinamide decreased the awakening time and prolonged some phases of the sleep, not exerting antagonistic action on nembutal toxic effect. Both TRH analogues did not influence TTH secretion. PMID- 6794025 TI - [Prolactin level in thyroid diseases and its reaction to thyroliberin]. AB - Prolactin content was determined before and after thyroliberin (TRH) injection in 15 healthy subjects and 136 patients. Basal levels of prolactin were increased in initial hypothyrosis, decreased in nodular euthyroid goitre, thyroid cancer and close to normal in thyrotoxicosis. TRH assay is more informative than the study of prolactin basal level. Prolactin hypophyseal content is decreased in diffuse toxic goitre, nodular euthyroid goitre, particularly, in cancer, being within normal in toxic adenoma and sharply increased in initial hypothyrosis. Hypothyrosis treatment produces a decrease in prolactin basal and stimulated levels down to normal. The treatment of diffuse toxic goitre leads to a slight rise only in the stimulated level of prolactin. Indices of TRH assays remained unchanged after surgical treatment of toxic adenoma. PMID- 6794026 TI - [Diabetes mellitus and the HLA system]. PMID- 6794027 TI - Multiple amino acid substitutions between murine gamma 2a heavy chain Fc regions of Ig1a and Ig1b allotypic forms. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the murine gamma 2a heavy chain CBPC-101 Fc region of allotype Ig1b was determined by automated and manual Edman degradation procedures. Both chemical and enzymatic cleavages were used to obtain peptides which were purified by gel filtration followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The sequence was in good agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a gamma 2a gene of allotype Ig1b except for two positions. Comparison with published data on MOPC 173 gamma 2a heavy chain of allotype Ig1a revealed 8 amino acid substitutions in the CH2 domain (7% differences) and 18 substitutions (27%) in the CH3 domain. Many of the observed interchanges occur at positions at which murine heavy chains of other classes also differ from the gamma 2a chains. Our data suggest that the divergence of the gamma 2a Ig1a gene found in BALB/c mice and of the gamma 2a Ig1b gene found in CB 20 mice must have occurred long ago and that the CH2 domain was much more conserved than the CH3 domain. PMID- 6794029 TI - Monoclonal antibody to aflatoxin B1-modified DNA detected by enzyme immunoassay. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse P3 X 63 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with aflatoxin B1-adducted DNA complexed with methylated bovine serum albumin. Selected hybridomas were found to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for aflatoxin B1-modified DNA containing both the 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3 hydroxyaflatoxin B1 and the putative 2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5',6'-triamino 4'oxo-N5-pyrimidyl) -3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1, suggesting that these DNA adducts share a common antigenic determinant. The monoclonal antibody was not reactive towards the free aflatoxin B1-guanine adducts in solution, seven other aflatoxin derivatives, or benzo[a]pyrene-adducted DNA. A noncompetitive ultrasensitive enzyme radioimmunoassay could measure 15 fmol of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in 10 ng of DNA and was at least 100-fold more sensitive than the standard enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with these monoclonal antibodies reliably quantitated aflatoxin B1 adducted in vivo to rat liver DNA at adduct levels of one aflatoxin B1 residue per 250,000 nucleotides. The competitive ultrasensitive enzyme radioimmunoassay was determined to be at least 6-fold more sensitive than the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in analysis of aflatoxin B1-adducted DNA. Therefore, enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies will be useful analytical tools for studying both the molecular interactions of aflatoxin B1 with DNA and the occurrence of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in biological specimens from people exposed to this environmental carcinogen. PMID- 6794028 TI - Attachment site(s) of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin. AB - After chemical reduction of the retinylidene-lysine Schiff base linkage in bacteriorhodopsin, the retinyl residue is covalently attached to Lys-216 (with a possible minor fraction on Lys-172) or to both Lys-216(172) and Lys-40/41. The linkage site (up to 100% on Lys-216; up to 70% on Lys-40/41) depends on whether the sample is reduced in the light or dark, whether the sample is light or dark adapted, and on temperature. Absorbance and circular dichroism spectra indicate that the retinyl residue is in its original binding site after reduction in the light. Thus, the different attachment sites may reflect changes that occur during the photoreaction cycle or during light/dark adaptation, or the reduction of accidental physiologically irrelevant Schiff base linkages to lysines close to the normal linkage in the structure of bacteriorhodopsin. In either case, the retinal does not leave its binding site. This last point severely limits the possible arrangements of the amino acid sequence in the bacteriorhodopsin tertiary structure and clearly distinguishes two models that are consistent with all criteria. PMID- 6794030 TI - Pyochelin: novel structure of an iron-chelating growth promoter for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pyochelin, an endogenous growth promoter that solubilizes ferric iron, has been isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including clinical strains. The structure of pyochelin has been assigned as 2-(2-o-hydroxyphenyl-2-thiazolin-4-yl)-3 methylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and is of a different type from those previously assigned to siderophores (siderochromes) from bacteria. The assignment rests on 1H and 13C NMR data, high-resolution (including field desorption) mass spectrometry, and spectroscopic properties of synthetic model compounds. Pyochelin is presumed to be biosynthesized from salicylic acid and two moles of cysteine. PMID- 6794031 TI - Evidence for biochemical and physiological differences between enzyme genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The in vivo flux of carbon through the pentose shunt is investigated as a function of different 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6Pgd) and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) genotypes by using differential radioactive labeling of the C-1 and C-6 positions of glucose. Alternative 6Pgd-G6pd genotypes are shown to differ in relative in vivo carbon flux through the pentose shunt. The relative in vitro specific activity differences between the 6PgdSS and 6PgdFF genotypes appear to be primarily responsible for these differences. In addition, the pentose-shunt activity is correlated with the rate of lipid synthesis. This correlation is consistent with the major metabolic function of the pathway, which is to produce NADPH for lipid synthesis. Taken together, the results of these experiments show that different genotypes of 6Pgd are associated with measurable biochemical and physiological differences. Higher order phenotypic differences of this kind must be demonstrated to support the hypothesis that natural selection can discriminate among allozymes of a given genetic locus. PMID- 6794032 TI - Direct immunoassay for detecting Escherichia coli colonies that contain polypeptides encoded by cloned DNA segments. AB - We describe a simple in situ immunoassay for screening Escherichia coli colonies, to detect those that express polypeptide antigens encoded by cloned DNA segments. In the colony immunoassay that we have developed, only one antibody molecule need bind to the polypeptide molecule. Hence short fragments of coding sequences should be detectable, and problems imposed by the conformation of polypeptides "fused" to protein fragments encoded by the vector should be minimized. The method should allow the use of monoclonal antibodies, which bind to only one determinant. Colonies grown on nitrocellulose filters were lysed in situ and proteins from the lysates were blotted onto CNBr-activated filter papers. Antigens covalently bound to the CNBr paper were detected by reaction with antiserum, followed by 125I-labeled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus and autoradiography. We have used the colony immunoassay to determine what proportion of ptrpED5-1 clones containing mouse mu chain cDNA segments express mu polypeptides. Surprisingly, about 50% of the clones were positive. Because only one in six clones would be expected to contain the insert in the correct orientation and reading frame to encode a fused polypeptide, it is likely that polypeptides that initiate within the insert can be detected. A similarly high proportion of pBR322 clones containing mu cDNA were positive, and about 25% of pBR322 clones containing mouse gamma 2a chain cDNA were positive to anti-gamma 2a serum. EAch of the positive mu clones reacted with affinity-purified anti-mu antibodies but not with normal serum, and clones containing irrelevant sequences were negative. The mu cDNA segment was inserted in the correct orientation in all six clones studied, and discrete mu polypeptides corresponding in size both to fused polypeptides and internally initiated polypeptides were detected by electrophoresis of protein extracts. PMID- 6794033 TI - Structural analysis of a new B-cell-differentiation antigen associated with products of the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. AB - Ia.W39 is a private specificity of the I-Ab subregion of the H-2 complex. It is selectively expressed on a subset of B lymphocytes that is absent in newborn normal and adult mutant mice carrying the xid gene. Immunoprecipitation and one dimensional NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the molecule bearing Ia.W39 consists of two noncovalently linked glycoproteins of apparent Mr 33,000 and 28,000. Anti-Ia.W39 serum did not preclear the Iab molecule; however, the conventional allo-anti-I-Ab serum cleared Ia.W39 completely. In view of the identical two-dimensional gel pattern generated by the Ia.W39 and the conventional Iab immunoprecipitates, we believe that all Ia molecules bear the conventional specificities and only a subset would in addition express Ia.W39. Ia.W39 is probably not a carbohydrate antigen, because the antibiotic tunicamycin had no influence on its expression. It may be a conformational determinant on the A alpha and A beta complex induced by the association of an unknown molecule with these chains. PMID- 6794034 TI - Thiocyanate and hydroxyl ions inactivate the scrapie agent. AB - To probe the macromolecular structure of the scrapie agent and explore conditions for monomerization, the stability of the agent in low concentrations of inorganic ions was determined. A reduction by a factor of 10(5) in scrapie titer was found on exposure of the agent to 1 M KSCN or 0.3 M NaOH. In addition to the inactivation by thiocyanate ions, other chaotropic ions such as guanidinium and trichloroacetate inactivate the scrapie agent. Removal of thiocyanate ions by dialysis or glass permeation chromatography prevented the reduction in scrapie agent infectivity. Addition of equimolar amounts of (NH4)2SO4, a nonchaotrope, to preparations containing 1 M KSCN also prevented the loss of scrapie infectivity. In contrast, neutralization of the alkali-treated fractions with HCl did not restore infectivity. Acidification of partially purified fractions did not cause inactivation of the agent but did result in precipitation of the infectious agent. Inactivation by relatively low concentrations of chaotropic ions is consistent with many observations, all of which suggest that the scrapie agent contains a protein component that is essential for the maintenance of infectivity. Thus, it is unlikely that the agent is composed only of a "naked" nucleic acid. Certainly, if the agent were a naked nucleic acid, its lability in alkali virtually eliminates the possibility that it is composed of a single stranded molecule of DNA. PMID- 6794035 TI - Esterase activity of hemoglobins: a conformational probe for difference between HbA and HbS. AB - (1) We have observed esterase of Hb A and Hb S. The reaction is consistent with general imidazole catalysis. (2) The rate f p-NPA hydrolysis by Hb A and Hb S is significantly different, probably due to subtle conformational alterations involving beta His 2 and/or its micro-environment in the mutant. (3) During this reaction, irreversible modification of Hb occurs, involving lysines (predominantly Lys beta 82). PMID- 6794036 TI - Factors that limit whole cell deformability in erythrocytes after calcium loading and ATP depletion. AB - Whole cell deformability of ATP-depleted and Ca-loaded red cells has been measured at various osmolalities to determine those cellular factors responsible for the reduce deformability of these cells. For cells depleted of ATP in Ca-free medium, a progressive loss of hypotonic deformability identified membrane loss with reduced surface area-to-volume ratio as the dominant mechanism of deformability loss. For cells treated with Ca and the ionophore A23187 without prior depletion, a rapid loss of isotonic deformability, reversible in hypotonic medium, identified dehydration with increased internal viscosity as the dominant mechanism of deformability loss. In contrast to previously held concepts, increased membrane rigidity was not found to have a major influence. PMID- 6794037 TI - Blood preservation 50: red cell 2,3-DPG maintenance in CPD-adenine stored blood by several mechanisms. PMID- 6794038 TI - Potentiation by deprenil of 1-dopa induced circling in nigral-lesioned rats. AB - 1-Deprenil, a potent inhibitor of type B monoamine oxidase, was a weak inhibitor of 3H-dopamine uptake as well as a weak releasing agent for previously accumulated 3H-dopamine in rat neostriatal tissue slices. In similar experiments d-amphetamine as approximately 100 times as potent as 1-deprenil as a releasing agent. When deprenil (20 mg/kg IP) was given to rats with a unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesion of the substantia nigra, it brought about a moderate but long-lasting ipsilateral rotational behavior. 1-Dopa (20-40 mg/kg, IP) by itself caused a considerably stronger rotation in the opposite direction (contralateral). When 1-dopa was given to rats 1 hr after 1-deprenil, there was a considerably greater contralateral rotation than after 1-dopa alone. Clorgyline, a type A monoamine oxidase inhibitor, which by itself at 20 mg/kg caused no rotation, also potentiated the contralateral rotation seen after 1-dopa (5-20 mg/kg). In contrast, d-amphetamine, which by itself caused ipsilateral rotation, failed to potentiate the rotation after 1-dopa. Possible mechanisms for these observations will be discussed. PMID- 6794039 TI - Effects of bromocriptine in developing rat pups after 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - The effects of low (0.5 mg/kg) and high (2.0 mg/kg) doses of bromocriptine (BCR) on activity and escape performance were examined during the first month of postnatal life in normal developing rat pups and littermates treated at 5 days of age with a combination of desmethylimipramine and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Such a procedure resulted in significant reductions in brain dopamine to concentrations 10-20% of vehicle controls while norepinephrine was unaffected. BCR increased general motor activity in vehicle pups at 13 and 19 days but had little effect on more mature animals. Pups who had not received BCR exhibited a decline in activity over the hour long observation period (habituation of activity) but this decline was abolished by both low (0.5 mg/kg) and high (2.0 mg/kg) doses of the agent. Stereotyped activity, particularly at 19 days was increased by BCR in 6-OHDA pups but not in vehicle animals, an effect suggesting denervation supersensitivity. Head dips in a hole box at 30 days of age were not influenced by BCR in vehicle pups but significantly reduced by BCR in 6-OHDA pups, suggesting that BCR might be acting to stimulate inhibitory dopaminergic mechanisms. Escape learning in a T-maze at 20 days and shuttle box at 28 days was disrupted by high doses of BCR in vehicle pups and both doses of BCR in 6-OHDA animals. The similarity with the behaviors observed in the clinical syndrome of attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity prompted a number of investigative groups including our own to suggest that the 6-OHDA model might serve as a useful and convenient paradigm to evaluate pharmacological agents that offer potential in the treatment of this most common disorder. From this perspective we would predict that BCR would have little clinical utility since it both failed to attenuate 6-OHDA induced hyperactivity and tended to disrupt performance in an avoidance learning task. PMID- 6794040 TI - Oxidation of alcohol in free-moving mice from high and low preference strains. AB - Free-moving mice from the high-alcohol preference C57BL/6J strain and low preference DBA/2J strain were slowly fed [2-14C]ethanol intragastrically until anesthesia was achieved. Behavior was monitored in a Plexiglas metabolic chamber while 14CO2 was simultaneously trapped to determine the rate of ethanol metabolism. Average time to the loss of the righting reflex in the DBA/2J was 21.9 min and 27.9 min for the C57BL/6J strain (p less than 0.005). Elimination of 14CO2 was slightly higher (n.s.) in the DBA/2J strain for the entire monitoring period. Infusion of ethanol via the tail vein yielded identical results indicating that the slower elimination rate in the C57BL/6J strain could not be the result of slower absorption across the gut wall. Infusion via the tail vein with radioactive sodium bicarbonate indicated that the DBA/2J strain has a higher rate of CO2 expiration (n.s.). Consequently, the higher rate of 14CO2 expiration from ethanol oxidation may not reflect a higher rate of metabolism. These results are discussed in terms of the apparent differences between these strains in neural sensitivity to ethanol. PMID- 6794041 TI - Body temperature of rats after prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and their precursor. AB - Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha and arachidonic acid were injected into various brain structures outside the hypothalamus in rats. The body temperature rise induced by PGE2, but not by PGF2 alpha or arachidonic acid, was probably due to its diffusion or transport into the hypothalamus. Comparison of the latencies of the hyperthermic response to PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and arachidonic acid revealed that PGE2 was the most rapidly acting agent in structures located close to the hypothalamus. In contrast, arachidonic acid acted most rapidly after administration into the nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis. PMID- 6794042 TI - Antiacetylcholinesterase antibodies: enzyme antibodies interaction. PMID- 6794043 TI - Hydrocortisone inhibits platelet prostaglandin and endothelial prostacyclin production. PMID- 6794044 TI - Prostaglandins and lipolysis I: PGI2 formation by rat epididymal adipose tissue artery. PMID- 6794045 TI - Decrease of the in vitro drug-metabolizing activity of the hepatic mixed function oxidase system in rats infected experimentally with Fasciola hepatica: pharmacological implications. PMID- 6794046 TI - [Effect of dispersion on the release of hydroxyquinoline sulfate from a base with low solvency]. PMID- 6794047 TI - [Effect of pH on the release rate of hydroxyquinoline emulsion ointments]. PMID- 6794048 TI - Protection by DABCO against inactivation of transforming DNA by near-ultraviolet light: action spectra and implications for involvement of singlet oxygen. PMID- 6794049 TI - [Biochemical changes in rat skin after prolonged and supralethal gamma irradiation]. PMID- 6794050 TI - [Biochemical and clinical correlations in children suspected of having lysosomal diseases]. PMID- 6794051 TI - [Physiopathology of the chronicity process. The AgHBe-AcHBe antigenic system in chronic hepatitis and therapeutic immunodepression]. PMID- 6794052 TI - Biliary Na and K values as an indicator of developing chronic hepatopathies. PMID- 6794053 TI - [Left axial deviation and anterior left fascicular block]. PMID- 6794054 TI - [Digestive hormones. I]. PMID- 6794057 TI - Pseudo-masculinization of the phallus. PMID- 6794055 TI - A theoretical and experimental study concerning shape processing by human visual system. AB - The shape, as a synthetic feature resulting from the particular contour of a figure, may be considered to specify certain spatial relations between the figure domain and surrounding domain. For the study of these relations the figure and the background were considered to belong to a single plane. A characteristic feature of figure-ground relations depending on the figure as a whole was introduced, the "degree of isolation" of the figure from the surrounding ground, with its opposite feature, the "degree of dispersion" into the surrounding ground. A model was elaborated in which the parts radiating from the nucleus of the figure are considered to contribute to the whole figure in inverse proportion to their distance from the nucleus. The corresponding mathematical approach was the convolution between the characteristic function of the figure and a function depending in inverse proportion on the distance from the convolution center (f=1/2 pi r). The maximum value of this convolution integral divided by the radius of the circle having the same area as the figure was introduced as a measure of the degree of isolation of the figure from the surrounding domain. Using symmetrical figures varying in their shape it was found that normal individuals are able to distinguish small differences in this shape parameter and that their evaluations are in good agreement with those predicted by the theoretical model. PMID- 6794056 TI - Oblique facial clefts caused by amniotic bands. PMID- 6794058 TI - Esophageal motility disorders in clinical practice. AB - Motor disorders of the esophagus are varied. Some of these disorders can be caused by an abnormality of the esophageal muscle and others are secondary to a systemic disease. In any case, dysphagia should always be regarded as an important symptom and carefully investigated. The first step is to obtain a detailed history. A specific esophageal lesion, such as stricture, ring, tumor, or esophagitis, should then be ruled out by roentgenography and endoscopy. If these two diagnostic procedures fail to show the cause of the dysphagia, esophageal manometry is helpful in identifying a specific motor abnormality. This procedure has also contributed greatly to the understanding of esophageal physiology. PMID- 6794059 TI - The evolving serology of viral hepatitis. PMID- 6794060 TI - Two psychoanalyses or one? PMID- 6794061 TI - The superego concept. Part I: historical review; object relations approach. PMID- 6794062 TI - Dying, regression, and the death instinct. PMID- 6794063 TI - Object-instinctual and developmental aspects of perversion. PMID- 6794064 TI - Imagery and the self in artistic creativity and psychoanalytic literary criticism. PMID- 6794065 TI - Discussion of imagery and the self in artistic creativity and psychoanalytic literary criticism. PMID- 6794067 TI - Use of contracts in psychotherapy. PMID- 6794066 TI - Ausar ("Kairos"): and its place in creative psychotherapy. PMID- 6794068 TI - The thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression. PMID- 6794069 TI - Effect of the anticholinergic drug biperiden on pituitary hormones and cortisol. PMID- 6794070 TI - Parallel changes of the responses of thyrotropin, growth hormone and prolactin to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in endogenous depression. PMID- 6794071 TI - Plasma levels of perphenazine (Trilafon) related to development of extrapyramidal side effects. AB - Thirteen acute psychotic patients received continuous oral treatment with perphenazine for a period of 8 weeks. Blood samples for quantification of perphenazine, perphenazine sulphoxide and prolactin were drawn twice weekly. Simultaneously, the therapeutic outcome and the degree of extrapyramidal side effects were recorded. The following conclusions were made: 1. In accordance with results achieved in one of our earlier investigations, a high risk of provoking extrapyramidal side effects was associated with plasma levels of perphenazine exceeding about 3 nmol/l. 2. An excellent therapeutic outcome was associated with plasma concentrations of perphenazine above 1.5 nmol/l. 3. Plasma concentrations of perphenazine and prolactin were poorly correlated to each other (R = 0.49). 4. A significant correlation (R = 0.85) was shown between the scores for the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale. PMID- 6794072 TI - Characterization of the receptor mediating the nicotine discriminative stimulus. AB - The discriminative stimulus (cue) property of nicotine was studied in a T-maze paradigm, and the results were analyzed by a new statistical method. For rats trained on 0.4 mg/kg, the ED50 was 0.11 mg/kg. The enantinomer of natural nicotine (+)nicotine was much less potent, and both position isomers of nicotine were inactive. Anabasine, which is active at nicotinic cholinergic receptors, provided the nicotine cue. Cytisine, a potent nicotinic agonist in vitro, was ineffective after SC administration and this was shown to be due to its inability to enter the brain in adequate amounts. High doses of cytisine by the intracerebroventricular route partially provided the cue. The cue was blocked by low doses of mecamylamine and pempidine and by high doses of hexamethonium. The data indicate that the cue receptor is pharmacologically similar to the nicotinic cholinergic receptor in autonomic ganglia. PMID- 6794073 TI - Enhancement of haloperidol-induced increase in rat striatal or mesolimbic 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid by pretreatment with chronic methamphetamine. AB - After a drug-free period of 1 week following 2 weeks of haloperidol treatment, the increased response of striatal 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) to a challenge dose of haloperidol was significantly reduced. Tolerance to this effect was not, however, seen in the mesolimbic system. Pretreatment of the rats with methamphetamine (MAP) for 8 days prior to chronic haloperidol significantly enhanced the DOPAC and HVA increase produced by the challenge with haloperidol in both brain areas. The reduced response of striatal DOPAC or HVA after chronic haloperidol was prevented by pretreatment with MAP. The data suggest that the long-term dopamine receptor stimulation induced by MAP may antagonize the tolerance produced by chronic haloperidol treatment. PMID- 6794074 TI - Modifications of nutrient selection induced by naloxone in rats. AB - Total caloric intake and dietary self-selection of the three macronutrients protein, fat, and carbohydrate were examined in male rats maintained on a 6-h feeding schedule following the administration of the opioid antagonist naloxone HCl (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg IP). Total caloric intake (calculated as the sum of caloric intakes from each of the macronutrients) was decreased for up to 2 h following naloxone administration. By the end of the 6-h feeding period, however, no differences in total caloric intakes were observed as a function of naloxone injections. Examination of intakes of the individual macronutrients revealed that naloxone differentially affected fat, carbohydrate, and protein consumption. Across the 6-h feeding period, animals consumed less calories from the fat ration following all three doses of naloxone than after saline injections. Carbohydrate intake was decreased up to 2 h following naloxone injections, but returned to control values by the end of the 6-h feeding period. Protein intake, in contrast to fat and carbohydrate intakes, did not vary as a function of naloxone administration. Results of the present examination are contrasted with patterns of dietary self-selection observed following morphine administration. PMID- 6794075 TI - Tricyclic antidepressants and peripheral anticholinergic activity. AB - Peripheral anticholinergic activity of single acute doses of three tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline 50 mg, desipramine 50 mg, doxepin 100 mg) and placebo was assessed by several physiologic measures in normal male volunteers. Amitriptyline and doxepin produced similar significant depressions in salivary flow and finger sweating compared to placebo, while desipramine produced no change. Supine and standing blood pressures and standing pulse yielded significant differences among the drugs. Measures in at least three areas (salivation, perspiration, and pulse-blood pressure) offer a simple and reliable battery of tests for the peripheral autonomic effects of tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6794076 TI - Comparison of opioid agonists in maintaining responding and in suppressing morphine withdrawal in rhesus monkeys. AB - Sixteen opioid agonists were studied for their capacity both to maintain responding previously reinforced by codeine and to suppress the withdrawal syndrome induced by morphine deprivation in rhesus monkeys. All compounds, which included examples from each of the major chemical families of opioids, maintained responding at rates above those maintained by saline. There were differences among the compounds in the maximal response rates maintained, and large differences in their potencies in maintaining responding. In morphine-dependent monkeys, the abstinence signs that developed 14 h after the last morphine dose were suppressed completely by all of the compounds except codeine. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.92) between the potency of a compound in maintaining drug-reinforced responding and the potency of the compound in suppressing the morphine withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6794077 TI - Inescapable shock alters mescaline's disruption of active avoidance acquisition. AB - Rats were tested on a two-way avoidance acquisition with or without inescapable shock given 24 h prior to training. Mescaline given to nonshock rats disrupted acquisition in a dose-dependent fashion and tolerance developed to this disruption. Mescaline given to shock rats had no effect on acquisition even though levels of acquisition were the same for both shock and nonshock rats without drug. Moreover, subchronic treatment (5 days facilitated acquisition. These experiments demonstrate an interaction between shock, which presumably is a stressor, and mescaline. The data are consistent with the observation that when animals are exposed to presumptive stressors (e.g., shock, handling) hallucinogens can facilitate behavior, while in other situations, hallucinogens disrupt behavior. PMID- 6794078 TI - The ethanol stimulus in rats with differing ethanol preferences. AB - Alcohol-accepting (AA) and alcohol-nonaccepting (ANA) rats (Alko, Finland) were tested for their ability to master a shock-motivated (0.6 mA scrambled AC current) T-maze discrimination in which IP injections of ethanol (1.0 g/kg, 10% w/v in saline, 20-min latency) and, on alternate days, equivolume saline were employed as a discriminative stimuli signalling the safety of right or left goal compartments. ANA rats reached the criterion level of performance (eight of ten correct first-trial responses) more quickly than did AA rats (12.3 +/- 2.3 versus 31.4 +/- 7.7 sessions, P less than 0.01) and also maintained a superior level of performance through-out the course of the experiment, suggesting that ethanol may have been a more salient cue for ANA rats than for AA rats. Injections of acetaldehyde (0.1-0.25 g/kg, 1.0-2.5% w/v in saline) produced ethanol-appropriate responding to a greater extent in ANA rats than in AA rats, indicating that the actions of acetaldehyde may contribute importantly to the stimulus condition produced by the injection of ethanol in ANA rats. Sodium pentobarbital (10.0 g/kg) was equally effective in mimicking the action of ethanol in both AA and ANA rats. AA and ANA rats did not differ significantly in the impairment of motor performance produced by a range of ethanol doses, suggesting that differences in stimuli related to motor impairment do not contribute to the differences observed in the cue value of ethanol for AA and ANA rats. PMID- 6794079 TI - Monoamine oxidase activity and enzyme kinetics in three subpopulations of density fractionated platelets in chronic paranoid schizophrenics. AB - Platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in three subpopulations of density-fractionated platelets in 15 unmedicated chronic paranoid schizophrenic patients and contrasted with normal controls. No significant difference in MAO activity was found in any of the three platelet fractions in schizophrenics compared to controls. Enzyme kinetic studies performed on the intermediate density platelet fraction demonstrated no significant differences in Vmax or Michaelis' constant (Km) between schizophrenics and controls, but showed that the higher platelet MAO activity reported in females compared to male is due to a significantly greater Vmax rather than altered Km. It is suggested that conflicting results reported in the literature regarding platelet MAO in schizophrenia are not related to the platelet subpopulations studied but are largely due to the selected patient populations. PMID- 6794080 TI - Prenatal maternal phenobarbital increases reactivity and retards habituation of mature offspring to environmental stimuli. AB - Adult female offspring of C57BL/6J mice injected daily with phenobarbital for the last third of pregnancy were more active than control offspring during a 3-min test period in an open field arena, thus confirming previous reports of lasting effects of prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. These offspring habituated less rapidly than control offspring to the open field and were more reactive to sudden changes in environmental stimuli. The behavioral changes were not accompanied by body or brain weight deficits. The maternal drug injections did not alter brain concentrations of dopamine or norepinephrine in the adult offspring or the degree of reduction in these transmitters produced by the synthesis inhibitors alpha methyltyrosine. Although activity was reduced by the catecholamine synthesis inhibitor, the effect was similar by offspring of both drug-treated and control dams. PMID- 6794081 TI - Naloxone changes self-ratings but not performance in normal subjects. AB - The effects of single intravenous doses of naloxone (0.8 and 1.6 mg) in a variety of performance tasks and on subjective ratings of mood and bodily symptoms were investigated in 12 student volunteers. Naloxone was without effect on any of the performance measures. However, 5 min after naloxone (1.6 mg) the subjects felt significantly more troubled, mentally slow, incompetent, withdrawn and physically tired, and less irritable. These effects appeared to be dose-related since 0.8 mg produced similar, but not statistically significant changes. Sixty-five minutes after the higher dose subjects felt significantly more muzzy and incompetent; in contrast to the effects at 5 min they now felt significantly more irritable. These results are difficult to explain solely in terms of opiate receptor blockade. PMID- 6794082 TI - Behavioural effects of (-)naloxone in mice from four inbred strains. AB - To study the role of endogenous opioid peptides in the regulation of behavioural responses to novelty, male mice from the inbred strains SRH, SRL, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 were injected IP with either saline alone, or the opiate antagonist naloxone, dissolved in saline, in dosages of 4 or 8 mg/kg. After 10 min, the animals were placed individually for 20 min in a novel environment and some 12 behavioural components were recorded. Naloxone reduced grooming and incipient rearing in all four strains and it reduced sniffing, leaning against the wall, and locomotor activity in some of them. Object-sniffing, object-learning, defecation, freezing, and Straub tail elevation remained unaffected. The results for grooming and locomotor activity are largely in agreement with reports from others. Rather unexpectedly, the drug enhanced rearing responses in all strains. Although in several cases, a genotype-treatment interaction became apparent, the observed strain differences usually persisted and the correlations found between the behavioural components did not alter much. The naloxone-induced reductions in sniffing, leaning, locomotion, and grooming suggest endogenous opioid involvement in the control of behavioural activation in a novel situation. The increases in rearing possibly result from an additional agonist action of naloxone. PMID- 6794083 TI - Cardiovascular effect of imipramine and nortriptyline in elderly patients. AB - Cardiovascular effects in elderly depressed patients (age 62-78 years) treated with imipramine (N = 11) or nortriptyline (N = 10) were recorded by monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals, standard ECG and 24-h ECG. The two drugs exhibited distinctly different cardiovascular reactions. The use of imipramine was severely limited by orthostatic hypotension occurring at subtherapeutic plasma levels, which resulted in falls with fracture in two patients. In contrast, nortriptyline at therapeutic drug levels did not significantly influence orthostatic blood pressure regulation. Nortriptyline caused moderate changes in systolic time intervals, indicating impairment in myocardial contractility. This effect was not seen with imipramine, but a majority of the patients did not reach therapeutic plasma levels because of blood pressure reactions. Neither imipramine nor nortriptyline induced changes in cardiac conduction time measurements or arrhythmias. In addition to the blood pressure reactions, the use of imipramine was complicated by dose dependent kinetics. PMID- 6794084 TI - The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the antinociceptive action of oxotremorine. AB - Mice received intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to deplete brain noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA). 6-OHDA reduced the reaction time of mice to nociceptive stimulus (hot plate) and attenuated the antinociceptive action of oxotremorine. The administration of 6-OHDA to desipramine treated mice prevented both the loss of cerebral NA and the antagonism of oxotremorine's antinociceptive action. The administration of 6-OHDA to pargyline-treated mice increased the depletion of cerebral DA, but the antagonism of oxotremorine's antinociceptive action persisted. Catecholamines were measured in mouse brain at intervals from 1 h to 3 days after administration of 6-OHDA. DA levels failed to correlate with either the reduction in the hot plate reaction time or the antagonism of oxotremorine analgesia, whereas these effects were usually accompanied by a loss of brain NA. Centrally acting DA agonists failed to restore oxotremorine's antinociceptive action in 6-OHDA-treated mice. Intraventricular administration of the acetylcholine synthesis inhibitor triethylcholine to mice did not effect the antinociceptive action of oxotremorine. It is concluded that the antinociceptive action of oxotremorine in mice is initiated by stimulation of muscarinic receptors and involves noradrenergic neurones. PMID- 6794085 TI - Changes in the rat sleep-wake cycle produced by DL-6-fluorotryptophan, a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase. AB - DL-6-Fluorotryptophan (6-FT), a competitive inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, produced a transient disruption of sleep in rats chronically implanted with EEG recording electrodes. In the 4 h period following the administration of 6-FT (120 mg/kg) awake time was increased, paradoxical sleep time was decreased and slow wave sleep remained unchanged. These sleep changes were accompanied by significant reductions in brain 5-HT levels. L-Tryptophan (100 mg/kg) co administration with 6-FT prevented the major sleep changes whereas L-leucine (100 mg/kg) was without effect. The major sleep changes produced by 6-FT were prevented by the pineal indole melatonin (20 mg/kg) but not by L-5 hydroxytryptophan (5 mg/kg). These neurochemical and drug interaction data raise the possibility that 5-hydroxytryptamine is involved in the control of paradoxical rather than slow-wave sleep in the rat. PMID- 6794087 TI - Cholinergic drug effects on visual discriminations: a signal detection analysis. AB - Signal detection analysis was used to examine the effects of scopolamine, amphetamine, and physostigmine on a brightness discrimination task. Four groups of rats were exposed to different reinforcement contingencies for correct responses in the presence of S+ stimuli and correct response failures in the presence of S- stimuli. Under non-drug conditions, orderly signal detection data were obtained with the group design. Contrary to a disinhibition hypothesis of cholinergic effects, scopolamine disrupted stimulus sensitivity and not response bias, but only when the discrimination was difficult. Drugs did not affect sensitivity of an earlier, simpler discrimination. The drug effects on response tendency for this simple discrimination task were difficult to interpret. PMID- 6794086 TI - Vasopressin in anergic schizophrenia. A cross-over study with lysine-8 vasopressin and placebo. AB - Sixteen out of 19 patients suffering from chronic anergic schizophrenia completed a placebo-controlled cross-over study with lysine-8-vasopressin (LVP), following a schedule of 1 week of placebo, 3 weeks of LVP, starting with 22.5 IU/day, gradually increased to 67.5 IU/day, and finally 4 weeks of placebo. The psychic state was evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rate Scale (BPRS), during weekly live interviews, and following videotaped BPRS interviews at the beginning and end of the LVP period, and at the end of the final placebo period. Symptoms of parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia were also videotaped during a standardized examination at the same intervals. The videotapes were subsequently randomized and evaluated blindly. The results of liver interviews showed a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the BPRS anergic factor after 2 and 3 weeks of LVP treatment, but there were no changes in any single item, other BPRS factors, or the BPRS total score. The results of the videotape evaluations showed that the BPRS thinking disorder factor was significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased after 3 weeks of LVP, whereas the BPRS score was unchanged. No consistent changes in parkinsonism or tardive dyskinesia were found. Although side effects were few, six patients became agitated or aggressive during the LVP treatment. The beneficial effect on thought disorder and anergia, but the absence of global effects on the schizophrenic syndrome, illustrates the need for further research with other vasopressin analogues. The advantages and disadvantages of live and videotaped psychiatric interviews are also discussed. PMID- 6794088 TI - Learning in hyperactive children: are there stimulant-related and state-dependent effects? PMID- 6794089 TI - The influence of ovariectomy on the sex-dependent effects of the anticholinesterase diisopropyl fluorophosphate. AB - Temperature and water uptake were reduced to a greater degree in ovariectomized female and normal male rats than in sham-operated female rats following an acute administration of 1 mg/kg of the anticholinesterase diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP). Ovariectomy also led to a significant reduction in the level of serum cholinesterase activity. These findings add further support for the hypothesis that the sex-dependent effects of DFP are due, at least in part, to sex differences in serum cholinesterase activity. PMID- 6794090 TI - Effect of muscimol, a central GABA receptor agonist, on the catalepsy, striatal homovanillic acid increase, and analgesia induced by pilocarpine in rats. AB - Muscimol, a structural analog of GABA, significantly potentiated pilocarpine induced analgesia in rats, but failed to alter pilocarpine-induced catalepsy. It also failed to affect pilocarpine-elicited increase in homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. These findings suggest that the potentiation of pilocarpine induced analgesia by muscimol is unrelated to an interaction of the GABAergic system with the striatal cholinergic or dopaminergic systems. PMID- 6794091 TI - Clinical psychoneuroendocrinology: an update. PMID- 6794092 TI - Primary health care for isolated Indians in Northwestern Ontario. PMID- 6794094 TI - Functional role of sensory inputs to the motor cortex. PMID- 6794093 TI - Rural hospital costs: an analysis with policy implications. AB - The 1977 National Guidelines for Health Planning suggest a maximum of 4 hospital beds per 1,000 population and a minimum occupancy rate of 80 percent for those beds as desirable for an efficient local hospital system. Rural areas often have more than 4 hospital beds per 1,000 population and generally exhibit occupancy rates well below the rate specified by the Guidelines. Hence, there appears to be an opportunity for reducing the cost of hospital services in rural areas by providing care with fewer beds concentrated in larger, better utilized facilities. This paper presents estimates of the annual savings that would result from following such a policy in rural areas. The statistically estimated cost curves are based on data from a sample of 116 rural hospitals for the years 1971 77. With a quadratic specification for the cost function, the hospital size that minimizes average costs is estimated to be 113 beds, and the occupancy rate that minimizes costs is 73 percent. Hospitals with 113 beds are estimated to have average costs per patient day that are from $6.51 (logarithmic specification) to $15.15 (quadratic specification) below the average cost per patient day of a 41 bed hospital, the average size of the hospitals in the sample. Hospitals with a 73 percent occupancy rate are estimated to have average costs that are $5.96 logarithmic specification to $11.75 (quadratic specification) lower than the average costs in hospitals with 51 percent occupancy rates, the average in the sample, if other factors are held constant. These benefits can be weighed by health policy analysts against the increased cost of travel and ambulance service, and the accompanying increase in risk to patients, to determine if the present structure for the delivery of acute care in rural areas warrants change. PMID- 6794095 TI - [Structural basis for catalysis and regulation of phosphorylase (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794097 TI - Skeletal muscle vasoconstriction produced by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors; dependence on pump perfusion. AB - A comparison was made of the effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PGSI) on systemic blood pressure and hindlimb muscle vascular resistance of anesthetized dogs under different experimental conditions. When muscle blood flow was monitored using an extracorporeal or noncannulating electromagnetic blood flow probe, indomethacin (5 mg/kg i.v.) increased blood pressure slightly, but did not change vascular resistance. Administration of PGSI (indomethacin, meclofenamate, or naproxen, 5 mg/kg i.v.) after 2 hr of pump perfusion of the hindlimb caused a 22% increase in blood pressure, and 39% increase in vascular resistance 30 min afterwards. When administered immediately after instituting pump perfusion, indomethacin caused no significant change in blood pressure or vascular resistance at the 30 min interval, but at 60 min vascular resistance was increased. A similar vasoconstrictor response to indomethacin was obtained when it was infused in a lower dose intraarterially to the hindlimb, or when given i.v. after ligation of the renal pedicles. The results indicate that pump perfusion results in elaboration of a nonrenal prostaglandin(s) which maintains a vasodilator influence on the skeletal muscle vascular bed. PMID- 6794096 TI - The actions of prostaglandins and cyclo-oxygenase inhibition on the resistance vessels supplying the human fetal placenta. AB - The resistance arteries supplying individual exchange villi of the full-term human fetal placenta were examined for their reactivity to various prostaglandins (PG's) as well as for their ability to synthesize biologically active PG's. PGA1, PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and PGE1 produced dose-dependent contractions between 10(-7) and 10(-5)M. The order of potency observed was PGA1 approximately PGF2 alpha greater than PGE2 greater than PGE1. TXB2 was without activity in this preparation. Prostacyclin (PGI2) produced a dose-dependent relaxation of pre-contracted strips between 10(-8)M and 10(-5)M. Arachidonic acid (A.A.) produced stable dose dependent contractions (10(-5) M to 10(-3)M) which were totally abolished by pretreatment with 10(-7)M meclofenamate (MF). At no concentration of A.A. was any evidence of vascular relaxation observed. Larger concentrations of MF (greater than 10(-6)M) resulted in a non-specific depression of the placental vascular smooth muscle. Meclofenamate (10(-7)M) pretreatment of strips subjected to dose response studies using PGF2 alpha, PGE2, bradykinin (B K) and angiotensin II (AII) revealed a significant reduction in tension developed to both BK and AII. This finding suggests that the vasoactive peptides BK and AII stimulate the synthesis of vasoconstricting PG's in the fetal placental resistance arteries which relax in response to PGI2 and contract in response to the other PG's tested. PMID- 6794098 TI - Investigation of the vascular actions of arachidonate lipoxygenase and cyclo oxygenase products on the isolated perfused stomach of rat and rabbit. AB - The vascular actions of several prostanoids and arachidonate lipoxygenase products were investigated on the gastric circulation of rat and rabbit in vitro perfused with Krebs' solution. Under resting conditions, prostacyclin and PGE2 produced small decreases in perfusion pressure with prostacyclin being the more potent. During vasoconstriction induced by infusion of noradrenaline, vasopressin or angiotensin II, prostacyclin was 20-40 times as active as PGE2 as a gastric vasodilator in rat or rabbit stomach. PGF2 alpha was a less potent vasoconstrictor than noradrenaline, while the epoxy-methano endoperoxide analogue produced a long-lasting vasoconstriction. The putative metabolite, 6-oxo-PGE1 was less active than prostacyclin as a vasodilator, having comparable activity to PGE1, whereas 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha had very little activity. The endoperoxide, PGH2 reduced perfusion pressure, this effect being inhibited by concurrent infusion of 15-HPETE. The vasodilation induced by arachidonic acid was likewise reduced by 15 HPETE, and abolished by indomethacin infusion. The arachidonate lipoxygenase hydroperoxides were vasodilator in the gastric circulation, the rank order of potency being 12-HPETE greater than 11-HPETE greater than 5-HPETE greater than 15 HPETE in both rat and rabbit stomach. It is possible that such vasoactive lipoxygenase products, may play modulator roles in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6794099 TI - High urine flow rate increase prostaglandin E excretion in the conscious dog. AB - Although previous studies from this and other laboratories have shown that urinary prostaglandin E excretion (UPGEV) can very independent of urine flow rate, recent studies during water diuresis in the conscious dog have suggested that high urine flow rate per se may increase UPGEV. To examine the effect of urine flow rate on UPGEV we administered either mannitol, chlorothiazide or Ringer's solution to mongrel dogs and measured UPGEV. During anesthesia neither mannitol or chlorothiazide increased UPGEV. There was, however, a consistent increase with all three agents in awake animals. This increase in UPGEV was independent of alterations in glomerular filtration rate. There was a consistent increase in urinary sodium excretion and decrease in urinary osmolality with all three agents. The changes in PGE, however, were similar to those found during water diuresis when no increase in sodium excretion was found. It is not presently clear whether these findings reflect a true increase in renal PGE synthesis due to some changes in flow or pressure within the renal medulla or rather represent unchanged PGE synthesis by renal tubular cells, the high tubule fluid flow rate causing increased entry into the tubular lumen in contrast to the renal interstitium. PMID- 6794100 TI - Regional distribution of arachidonic acid metabolites in rat brain following convulsive stimuli. AB - Seizures were induced in female Wistar rats by electroconvulsive shock (ECS) or administration of pentetrazole (PTZ). Brain content of various prostanoids measured by radioimmunoassay showed time-dependent changes after the induction of convulsions; highest levels were found for PGD2 followed by PGF2 alpha, PGE2, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. Analysis of the various arachidonic acid metabolites in seven parts of the rat brain dissected according to the method of Glowinski and Iversen revealed the largest increases in hippocampus and cerebral cortex and smaller ones also in hypothalamus and corpus striatum both after ECS and PTZ. The ratios of the different cyclo-oxygenase products remained virtually the same in whole brain as well as in those regions where the formation of prostaglandins was markedly elevated. 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha also increased simultaneously in parallel to its parent compound, PGF2 alpha and was detected in significant amounts only in hippocampus and cerebral cortex. However, concentrations of 15 keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha in these brain regions as well as in whole brain represented only 3-10% of the amounts found for PGF2 alpha. Thus, the metabolizing enzymes 15-hydroxy-PG-dehydrogenase and delta 13-PG-reductase seem to be of minor importance for the inactivation of prostanoids in brain tissue. PMID- 6794101 TI - Stimulation of platelet protein phosphorylation by arachidonic acid and endoperoxide analogs. AB - The present study has investigated the influence of arachidonate, endoperoxide analogs, and the calcium ionophore A23187 on platelet aggregation and on the phosphorylation of platelet proteins. Following stimulation of platelets by these agents a rapid increase in phosphorylation of three proteins was observed which began at the same time as the initial formation of platelet aggregates. These three proteins were the 260,000 dalton actin-binding protein, a 40,000 dalton protein in unknown function, and the 20,000 dalton myosin light chain. When extensive aggregation was reached, the extent of phosphorylation returned toward baseline. Pretreatment of platelets with aspirin completely inhibited both aggregation and protein phosphorylations induced by arachidonate, but had only partial inhibitory effects on endoperoxide analogs or A23187. Since endoperoxide analogs and A23187 may trigger endogenous production of prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane A2, in addition to having a direct effect of their own, it is probable that the partial inhibition seen was due to inhibition of that component of their effect due to this endogenous production, though other effects of aspirin can not be entirely ruled out. Since recent evidence shows that phosphorylation of myosin light chain results from calcium stimulation of a protein kinase in the presence of calmodulin, the results are consistent with mobilization of calcium as the primary role of the arachidonate-endoperoxide thromboxane pathway. PMID- 6794102 TI - Inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced contraction of guinea pig lung strips. AB - The effects of several enzyme inhibitors on arachidonic acid-induced contractions of guinea pig lung strips were studied. Varying concentrations of indomethacin, an inhibitor of cyclo-oxygenase, produced only a limited effect on contraction of tissue strips. By contrast, nordihydroaguaiaretic acid (NDGA), 5,8,11,14 eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), and phenidone, which inhibit either lipoxygenase, or both antagonism of the arachidonic acid-induced contraction. The effects of these latter agents were similar to that of FPL 55712. Results indicate that the products of cyclooxygenase are predominantly involved in the early phase and the products of lipoxygenase are predominantly related to the late phase of arachidonic acid-induced contraction. PMID- 6794103 TI - The effect of cigarette smoke on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated hamster lungs. AB - The effects of cigarette smoke on the metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid (AA) were investigated in isolated hamster lungs. Arachidonate was injected into the pulmonary circulation and the metabolites were analysed from the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent by thin layer chromatography. After the pulmonary injection of 66 nmol of 14C-AA about 20% of the injected radioactivity appeared in the perfusion effluent mostly as metabolites in six minutes. When isolated lungs were ventilated with cigarette smoke during the perfusion, the amounts of PGF2 alpha, PGE2 and two unidentified metabolite groups increased in the lung effluent. In two other experimental series hamsters were exposed to cigarette smoke before the lung perfusion either once for 30 min or during one hour daily for ten consecutive days. Neither pre-exposures caused any changes in the amounts of arachidonate metabolites in the lung effluent. PMID- 6794104 TI - In vitro effects of synthetic antioxidants and vitamin E on arachidonic acid metabolism and thromboxane formation in human platelets and on platelet aggregation. AB - The "in vitro" effects of alpha-tocopherol, butylhydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylhydroxyanisole (BHA) were studied on aggregation of human platelets induced by collagen and arachidonic acid (AA), on the metabolic conversion of 14C AA through the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways and on the formation of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in washed platelets after stimulation with collagen. Vitamin E completely inhibited AA induced platelet aggregation only at high concentration (mM) and after 10 minutes of preincubation, with limited effects on AA metabolism in platelets and no effect on TXB2 formation from endogenous substrate. BHA completely inhibited platelet aggregation in the 10(-6) M range, gave 50% inhibition of AA metabolism in the 10(-5) M range and almost complete inhibition of thromboxane formation in the 10(-4) M range. BHT was about 100 times less active on platelet aggregation and AA metabolism. The lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways were differentially affected at low concentrations of BHA and only at concentrations greater than 5 X 10(-5) M were both pathways depressed. PMID- 6794105 TI - A rapid simple radiometric assay for phospholipase A2 activity. PMID- 6794106 TI - [Labeling reactions of L-lysine and poly-L-lysine with 57Co and their distribution in normal and Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice (author's transl)]. AB - The labeling reactions of L-lysine and poly-L-lysine (average of molecular weight: 3400 (I), 15000 (II), 25000 (III) and 87000 (IV) with 57Co2+ ions and the tumor and organ distributions of their complexes were examined. L-Lysine and poly L-lysine with 57Co2+ ions were incubated for 20 hrs at 30 degrees C in the solution of pH 9.0 and 50 v/v% ethanol solution of pH 10.5, respectively. L Lysine and poly-L-Lysine were labeled with 57C02+ ions in radiochemical yields of over 95 and 60-70%, respectively. The radioactive polypeptides were separated from unreacted 57Co2+ ions in the range of pH 8.0 to 8.5 by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-25 M column (1.5 X 5.0 cm). The radioactive complexes were injected intravenously in mice. L-Lysine complex was excreted rapidly from tumour tissue and various organs. The localization of poly-L-lysine complexes in tumor was higher 3 to 5 times than that of L-lysine complex at 20 hrs after injection. The localization in tumor increased in the order of L-lysine-less than II-less than I-complex. II-Complex was excreted scarcely from tumor. 57Co-poly-L lysine complexes revealed remarkably high localization in liver and spleen. THe localization in tumor of those complexes seemed to be related to the molecular weight and the positive charge of lysine. PMID- 6794107 TI - Syntheses of deuterated 3'-hydroxymethyl-4-(dimethylamino)-azobenzene and related compound. AB - 3'-Hydroxymethyl-4-(dimethylamino) azobenzene (I), a new potent hepatocarcinogen, and 3,3'-bis(hydroxymethyl) azobenzene (II) were labeled with multiple-deuterium for the purpose of investigating their metabolisms by the ion cluster technique. I-d4 was obtained in a 22% yield from benzoic-d5 acid (99 atom % D) by nitration, catalytic hydrogenation, reduction, and coupling of the diazonium salt with N,N dimethylaniline and its deuterium content was 99 atom%. On the other hand, II-d8 was obtained in a 7% yield from 3-nitrobenzoic-d4 acid by reduction and was 91 atom% D. PMID- 6794108 TI - Galactosyltransferase activities in human sera of various diseases. AB - Recently galactosyltransferase has been noted as a new tumor marker. In this report galactosyltransferase activity was measured in sera of various diseases including malignant tumors and the levels of the enzyme activities were compared. The levels of the enzyme were higher in sera of malignant tumors and liver diseases than those in sera of other diseases. In malignant tumors little organ specificity was found with respect to the levels of galactosyltransferase activities. The levels of the enzyme were considered to have no relation to carcinoembryonic antigen or alpha-feto protein. On the other hand, in liver diseases the levels of the enzyme were correlated to the severity of liver damage. Therefore, it is reasonable to presume that the elevation of serum galactosyltransferase activity is caused chiefly by malignant tumors and liver damage. PMID- 6794109 TI - [Elution behaviors of elements from the hair (author's transl)]. AB - The elution of the neutron activated elements out of hair soaked in some organic solvents and EDTA solution was studied. Soakage of the hair sample, which was washed with water and acetone in advance as IAEA's proposal, in ether and acetone for 30 minutes each resulted in no elution of Hg, Zn, Co and Se. Elution of Zn and Co from the powdered hair sample soaked in 0.1 M EDTA solution was rapid, while Zn did not elute out from the cut hair (2 approximately 3 mm length) on the same condition. Hg, Se and Au were not eluted out by 0.1 M EDTA solution in the both case of cut hair and of powdered hair. Br was removed by 0.1 M EDTA solution from the cut hair and from the powdered hair with equal ease. PMID- 6794112 TI - [Colorimetric method of determining total carbonic anhydrase activity in the blood]. PMID- 6794113 TI - [Bovine brucellosis in Central Africa. I. Survey methods in tropical environments]. PMID- 6794114 TI - [Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis associated with jejunal diverticulosis and chronic bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 6794115 TI - [Change in gas exchange in subjects suffering from chronic bronchitis and emphysema, during acute attacks of the disease, exercise and sleep]. PMID- 6794116 TI - [Dissociation between ventilation and blood gas under almitrine perfusion in patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 6794117 TI - [Effects of oral almitrine on gas exchange in chronic respiratory insufficiency and hypercapnia]. PMID- 6794118 TI - Metabolism and biliary excretion of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - The metabolism and biliary excretion of 3H-2, 4, 5, 2', 4', 5'hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) were studied in two rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), a young, mature female and a juvenile male. This compound is a major constituent of those commercial polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixtures with high chlorine content, and it is also a prevalent PCB analogue in human adipose tissue. Following cannulation of the common bile duct and duodenum, allowing collection of a known fraction of bile with return of the remaining bile into the duodenum, the animals received 3H HCB (1 gm/kg body weight) by gastric intubation. Bile was collected daily for 3 weeks. During the 3-week period, 1.3% and 4% (from the female and male, respectively) of the administered radioactivity were excreted in the bile. As has been demonstrated for other species, the monkey apparently metabolizes and excretes HCB at a rate slower than for compounds containing two adjacent unsubstituted carbons. Approximately 2% of the bile radioactivity in the adult female and 12% in the juvenile male were extracted with organic solvents. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), using a benzene:ethyl acetate (12:1) solvent system, of the organic extracts of bile separated four major regions of radioactivity designated as I, II, II, and IV with Rf values of 0.86, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.00, respectively. Region I consisted of the parent HCB, which was identified by analysis with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Region II consisted of a metabolite identified as 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachloro-3-hydroxybiphenyl (OH HCB) by analysis with GC-MS of the methylated derivative of the metabolite. Region III probably contained a more polar metabolite, which has not yet been identified. Region IV contained an even more polar material, probably including conjugates of HCB metabolites. Release of OH-HCB from the water-soluble fraction of bile in the presence of beta-glucuronidase and lack of release of OH-HCB in presence of beta-glucuronidase with saccharo-1, 4-lactone (a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor) or in the presence of aryl sulfatase with saccharo-1, 4-lactone provided evidence of water-soluble, glucuronic acid conjugates of OH-HCB in the bile. The hexachlorobiphenyl was excreted in the bile as HCB, OH-HCB, and water soluble conjugates of HCB metabolites, probably including 2,4,5,2',4',5' hexachloro-3-hydroxybiphenyl glucuronide. The metabolism of HCB may or may not include the formation of an arene oxide. PMID- 6794120 TI - Effect of a hog cholera vaccine strain on the bactericidal activity of porcine alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6794119 TI - [The use of lectins in the radioimmunoassay of glycoprotein hormones (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794121 TI - Study of resistance to antituberculous drugs in Spain. PMID- 6794122 TI - [Endocarditis caused by group D streptococci. Comparison of the antibiotic sensitivity of S. bovis and enterococci]. PMID- 6794123 TI - [Arterial hypertension caused by stenosis of the renal artery in neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6794124 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition and gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794125 TI - [Acute, recent and sometimes persistent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections associated with neurologic manifestations. Discussion of causal relations]. AB - Neurological disorders associated with recent and sometimes persistent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections were present in 9 patients, examined within the course of a year, during the 1980 epidemic in Saint-Etienne, France. Cases included 5 with acute polyneuritis, 2 with lymphocytic meningitis, 1 with a bilateral optic neuritis, and 1 with mild encephalitis presenting as an amnesic disorder. Causal relationships are examined with respect to semiological, biological, therapeutic and epidemiological data. Clinically an initial infection compatible with the mycoplasmic etiology and its time relationship with the nervous system lesion appear to be more significant than the inflammatory neurological symptoms and signs. It is often impossible to ascertain the efficiency of the antibiotic therapy, which thus cannot help to the aetiological diagnosis. From the biological point of view, though seroconversion by complement fixation test remains the basis of the diagnosis, it has been completed by the isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the blood of 3 of the patients, and by a longitudinal study of specific blood IgM levels in the 6 others. Presence in the CSF of these locally synthesised specific IgM during the early stages of the neurological disorders in 2 patients, constitutes a new significant fact for the physiopathological discussions and a basic fact to clarify the aetiological diagnosis. The concept of persistent infection is discussed with respect to the isolation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the blood at a late stage, and the abnormally long presence of high levels of specific serum IgM levels. This biological persistence does not always correspond to a chronic course of the clinical disease which was observed in only 3 of the patients. The mixed viral infection, present in 3 cases, is linked with immunity disorders due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which are mainly a cell immunity depression: this markedly complicates the analysis of causal relationships. Finally, the chronological order of the clinical and biological events remains of prime importance when studying each case individually, whereas epidemiological data are essential for establishing a posteriori that the neurological manifestations were true complications of the microorganism. PMID- 6794126 TI - [Acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6794127 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency in children]. PMID- 6794128 TI - [Purulent meningitis in newborn infants. Etiopathogenic, clinical, therapeutic and evolutive aspects]. PMID- 6794129 TI - [Histiocytosis X in children. Diagnosis, therapy and prognostic elements (considerations on 13 cases)]. PMID- 6794130 TI - [Group poisoning with lead of alimentary origin]. PMID- 6794131 TI - [The role of magnesium in the origin of reno-urinary calcium oxalate lithiasis]. PMID- 6794132 TI - [Use of the NBT test in monitoring staphylococcal infections in infants and young children]. PMID- 6794134 TI - [Acute hemolytic anemia in an infant with T polyagglutinability]. PMID- 6794133 TI - [A case of complex morphodysplasia: Ellis-van Creveld syndrome]. PMID- 6794136 TI - Clinical controversies: should you infuse anything else through a TPN line? PMID- 6794135 TI - Molecular and cellular properties of eosinophils. (A review). PMID- 6794137 TI - Why that liquid formula diet may not work (and what to do about it). PMID- 6794138 TI - [Condensing plasmacytoma and polyneuropathy. Apropos of a new case]. PMID- 6794139 TI - Inhibition of pituitary response to gonadotropin releasing hormone by urinary gonadotropin inhibiting substance. AB - The effect of the partially purified urinary gonadotropin inhibiting substance (GIS) on pituitary response to stimulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied. The biologic control of the purified substance showed that the anti-LH and anti-FSH activity of the crude urinary substance was preserved. The experiments made on intact and castrated rats previously treated for two days with GIS and stimulated with GnRH revealed that this substance caused a significant decrease in the serum level of LH and FSH but not in their pituitary content. Furthermore it lowered serum and testicular testosterone in the intact lot as against the controls. The mechanism of action of the purified urinary substance on the pituitary-testicular axis is discussed. PMID- 6794140 TI - Studies on melatonin-free pineal extract. AB - This paper offers the data accumulated in time, on preparation, partial purification, physico-chemical and biologic characterization of the melatonin free pineal extract. Purification by ultrafiltration of the extract obtained from bovine pineal yielded two fractions: one above and one below 10,000 daltons. Administration of these two fractions in parallel with total pineal extracts, to the rat caused a fall in the serum LH and FSH levels in basal conditions and under endogenous or exogenous stimulation with gonadotropin releasing hormone, with a consecutive fall in testosterone. The results obtained by RIA, of LH, FSH and testosterone were also supported by the specific biologic tests for LH and FSH. The intervention of the pineal in the pituitary-gonadal axis as well as the chemical nature of the pineal antigonadotropic factors are discussed. PMID- 6794141 TI - Hematologic and cytogenetic effects of androgens in cytostatic-treated mice (the micronucleus test). PMID- 6794143 TI - [Contribution of the laser to maxillofacial surgery. Its possibilities (author's transl)]. AB - The physical principles underlying the production of the laser effect are described, followed by a more detailed description of the surgical CO2 FLF 25 laser that has been employed for the last 18 months, underlining its original features but also the dangers resulting from the use of these rays. Indications can bae divided into two main groups: --tumours capable of being treated by section or vaporization, --affections of the labial, lingual, jugular, and pharyngeal mucosae in which very effective results have been obtained. The use of the laser is proposed during surgical treatment of maxillofacial lesions and cancer. PMID- 6794142 TI - The method of multilayer gel plates for the analytical immunochemical techniques. AB - A new analytical immunochemical method using gel film copies obtained by means of multilayer gel plates is described. The method is suitable for any variant of immunochemical gel technique. Perfect identity of the copies as well as some advantages are exemplified. In comparison with the already known monolayer gel plate method, the multilayer plate is more advantageous for the study of the dynamics of the antigen-antibody reaction, for the discovery of the nature of some unknown biological products available in very low quantities and for the discovery of the nature of some unknown biological products available in very low quantities and for the economy of certain costly reagents. Moreover, its high reproductibility recommends it as a reference method for the control of quality, especially of the precision and accuracy of the monolayer immunofiltration techniques. PMID- 6794144 TI - [Recurring paroxysmal abdominal pains of cerebral origin]. AB - Cerebral origin of relapsing paroxysmal abdominal pains is discussed in the light of six case histories, other personal observations and the literature. The pains are assumed to be due to locally limited epileptic discharges in areas of the cortex where the digestive tract is represented. When the neuronal discharges reach other brain formations, multisymptomatic, partial or generalized epileptic seizures occur. In such cases, therefore, the abdominal symptomatology is either a first stage or a rudiment of a more complex course of attack, and should not be considered as the expression of a particular form of epilepsy that might be termed abdominal epilepsy. Difficulties regarding differential diagnosis ensue in the case of migraine with abdominal symptomatology. The latter should be taken into account when relapsing attacks of abdominal pain, which cannot be explained gastroenterologically, persist for hours and alternate with headache. In case of doubt, a family history of migraine confirms the diagnosis. PMID- 6794145 TI - [Therapy of dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors: experiences with fluproquazone]. AB - The prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors fluproquazone and mefenamic acid were evaluated for relief of severe primary and secondary IUD-induced dysmenorrhea in a controlled double-blind cross-over study in 48 patients. Relief of dysmenorrhea was good to excellent in 48.7% of the treated patients and in 22.5% of the controls. This difference is statistically significant. It is concluded that fluproquazone and mefenamic acid are safe and effective in most patients for the relief of primary dysmenorrhea, and that prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitors are a suitable short-term therapy for this syndrome. PMID- 6794146 TI - Fifty-four year old caucasian male with progressive fatigability. PMID- 6794147 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone effects in the central nervous system: dependence on arousal state. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone was microinjected into the dorsal hippocampus of ground squirrels (Citellus lateralis) when they were at different levels of arousal, as assessed by electrophysiological and behavioral criteria. When administered to the awake animal, thyrotropin-releasing hormone produced dose dependent decreases in body temperature accompanied by behavioral quieting and reductions in metabolic rate and electromyographic activity. The magnitude of these effects was greater when the peptide was microinjected during a period of behavioral activation. In contrast, administration of the peptide during slow wave sleep produced increased thermogenesis, an increase in electromyographic activity, and an increase in the amount of electroencephalographic desynchronization. PMID- 6794148 TI - Incorporation of 4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine into thiamine by microorganisms. AB - One possible route for the biosynthesis of the (4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidyl) methyl moiety of thiamine would involve the formation of a methyl group on the demethylated pyrimidine, 4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine, before its incorporation into thiamine. This possibility was tested by preparing the 4-amino 5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine and feeding it to Escherichia coli. Bacillus subtilis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of the thiamine produced by these organisms showed that 4-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine was readily incorporated into thiamine without the addition of a methyl group, and no evidence was found for the conversion of this pyrimidine into normal methylated pyrimidine. Substitution of the demethylated thiamine for thiamine had no effect on the growth rate or the yield of E. coli cells. Complete substitution of the thiamine with the (4-amino-5-pyrimidyl)-methyl moiety was possible in an E. coli pur I mutant. The extent of incorporation of the demethylated pyrimidine decreased in some organisms and increased in others by the addition of adenine to the growth medium; this difference led to a simple test to separate organisms that use 5 aminoimidazole ribonucleotide for the biosynthesis of thiamine pyrimidine from those that do not. PMID- 6794149 TI - Familial multiple coagulation factor deficiencies. I. Review of the literature: Differentiation of single hereditary disorders associated with multiple factor deficiencies from coincidental concurrence of single factor deficiency states. PMID- 6794150 TI - Familial multiple coagulation factor deficiencies. II. Combined factor VIII, IX, and XI deficiency and combined factor IX and XI deficiency: two previously uncharacterized familial multiple factor deficiency syndromes. PMID- 6794151 TI - [Role of cytochemical indices in the diagnosis of the transplanted kidney rejection reaction]. PMID- 6794152 TI - [Effect of ultrasonic aerosols and supplementary artificial pulmonary ventilation on the respiratory mechanics and gas exchange postoperatively in surgical patients]. PMID- 6794153 TI - [Treatment of retinoblastoma with the betatron]. PMID- 6794154 TI - [Reoperation on the biliary tract and its prevention]. PMID- 6794155 TI - [Early relaparotomy after surgery of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6794156 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with a very thin needle in biliary tract surgery]. PMID- 6794157 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis (Hunter's syndrome) in a black family. PMID- 6794158 TI - An evaluation of the Samson and Magill (Mapleson A) circuits during anaesthesia. AB - The valveless scavenging circuit of Samson was compared with a standard Magill (Mapleson A) circuit. Replacement of the scavenging unit of the Samson circuit by the Heidbrink valve of the Magill circuit at a given fresh gas flow rate allowed each patient to act as his own control. The minimum and maximum carbon dioxide levels were estimated at varying fresh gas flows related to the body weight of the patient. The carbon dioxide elimination of the two circuits showed no statistical difference and it is concluded that the Samson circuit requires fresh gas flows similar to the Magill circuit. The Samson circuit scavenged adequately during spontaneous breathing, manual ventilation and even when using the emergency oxygen bypass. PMID- 6794160 TI - [Arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function in diabetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794159 TI - [Quality control for antiglobulin sera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794161 TI - [IgD myeloma. Report of 4 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794162 TI - Extinction and expression of the ribose-positive phenotype in hybrid Novikoff hepatoma cells. AB - Expression of the ribose-positive phenotype was examined in hybrids obtained from the fusion of parental pentose-negative Novikoff hepatoma cells and ribose positive variants. The two ribose-positive variants used differed phenotypically in their ability to use pentoses other than ribose for growth. One variant used D ribose, D-xylose, and L-arabinose for growth, while the other variant used only D ribose. Each variant was fused to pentose-negative parental hepatoma cells, and resultant hybrids were tested for the ability to use ribose. In both instances extinction of ribose utilization was the primary event, suggesting the existence of a trans-acting negative control element in the parental cells. In addition, hybrids from both fusion experiments eventually reexpressed the ribose phenotype. The rate of reexpression, however, was different for the two fusion experiments. Reexpression of ribose utilization in hybrids derived from the nonspecific variant occurred at approximately 10(-3) segregants/cell/day. Reexpressing segregants arose from the specific-derived hybrids at a rate of 0.5 segregants/cell/day. Possible reasons for this difference include a differential rate in chromosomal segregation or a difference in the regulation of ribose metabolism. PMID- 6794163 TI - A mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells resistant to alpha-methyl- and alpha difluoromethylornithine. AB - We describe a mutant of Chinese hamster ovary cells which is resistant to elevated levels of alpha-methylornithine and alpha-difluoromethylornithine, reversible and enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitors, respectively, of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The mutant cells have significantly elevated levels of enzyme activity compared to wild-type cells, but several of the physical parameters of the enzyme are completely normal: Michaelis-Menten parameter, Km, affinity for the analog, and half-life. The temporal regulation of this activity in synchronized cells is not perturbed, and the suppression of ODC activity by the addition of putrescine is still observed. Indirect experiments suggest increased concentrations of ODC mRNA in the mutant cells. PMID- 6794164 TI - Isolation and characterization of a UV-sensitive hypermutable aphidicolin resistant Chinese hamster cell line. AB - Aphidicolin is a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and blocks DNA synthesis in vivo. The inhibition of purified alpha-polymerase has been shown to be competitive with dCTP but not with the other three deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs). In order to study the various roles that the alpha polymerase might play in DNA replication and/or repair, we have attempted to isolate Chinese hamster V79 cells that are resistant to aphidicolin. Four resistant mutants were isolated from BrdU--black light- and UV-mutagenized cells. None of the mutants isolated contains an alpha-polymerase that is resistant, in crude extract measurements, to aphidicolin. Three mutants isolated, however, were found to be resistant to araC. Two mutants tested were found to be sensitive to cytidine and have elevated levels of dCTP or all 4 dNTPs. These results indicate that they are nucleotide pool mutants instead of alpha-polymerase mutants. One mutant, aphr-4, is characterized by the following: (1) high level of dCTP; (2) thymidine (or CdR, UdR) auxotrophic; (3) sensitive to thymidine (and AdR, GdR); (4) slow-growing; (5) cytidine sensitive; (6) UV sensitive and hypermutable at the ouabain-resistant locus; and (7) a ninefold increase in frequency of chromatid gaps and breaks when cells are exposed to BrdU-containing medium. Revertants of aphr-4 which are partially aphidicolin-resistant and retain the first three characteristics listed above, but not the others, have been isolated. The appearance of this type of revertant indicates that either aphr-4 or its "revertant" is a double mutant. PMID- 6794165 TI - Selection of aphidicolin-resistant CHO cells with altered levels of ribonucleotide reductase. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cells were initially selected for resistance to aphidicolin at 0.3 microgram/ml. Serial cultivation with aphidicolin at concentrations up to 5.0 micrograms/ml yielded a series of mutants with increasing resistance. The most resistant mutant isolated was 44 times more resistant to aphidicolin than the parental CHO. The alpha-polymerases, assayed in the cytoplasmic extracts of the mutants, did not increase in specific activity or differ from the parental CHO in their sensitivity to aphidicolin. When cultured in the presence of deoxythymidine, deoxyadenosine, and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (araC) the mutants showed considerably more resistance to these inhibitors than did the parental CHO. The intracellular pools of all four deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) in the mutants increased with increasing resistance to aphidicolin. The elevated dNTP pools in the mutant most resistant to aphidicolin appear to be the result of a 4- to 8-fold increase in the level of ribonucleotide reductase (2' deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate:oxidized thioredoxin 2'-oxidoreductase, EC 1.17.4.1). PMID- 6794166 TI - Dominant versus recessive behavior of a cold- and a heat-sensitive mammalian cell cycle variant in heterokaryons. AB - A heat-sensitive (hs, arrested at 39.5 degrees C, termed 21-Ta) and a cold sensitive (cs, arrested at 33 degrees C, termed 21-Fb) clonal cell cycle variant were isolated from the same clone of the P-815 murine mastocytoma line. At the respective nonpermissive temperatures, both the hs and the cs variant were reversibly arrested in G1 phase, and numbers of cells forming colonies upon reincubation at the permissive temperature remained nearly constant for at least 6 days. Cells arrested in G1 by incubation at the respective nonpermissive temperatures were fused to cells of another P-815 clone (31-S) that had been arrested by serum deprivation. Upon reincubation in medium containing 10% serum for 48 h at 39.5 degrees C, 21-Ta x 31-S heterokaryons, similar to 31-S x 31-S homokaryons, entered the S phase, whereas at 33 degrees C, 21-Fb x 31-S heterokaryons, similar to 21-Fb x 21-Fb homokaryons, remained arrested in G1, indicating a recessive expression of the hs and a dominant expression of the cs phenotype. PMID- 6794168 TI - [American nursing - myths, motives and reviews. 1. Great price differences in service expenditures in USA and Denmark]. PMID- 6794167 TI - Preoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the esophagus. AB - From 21 March to 22 June 1976, 124 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus were randomized for inclusion in a prospective trial of preoperative irradiation. Fifteen patients were excluded because of inoperability. Sixty-seven patients were randomly selected to receive 4,000 rads of cobalt radiation for eight days prior to operation; 57 patients were operated upon without receiving radiation therapy. No significant differences were noted between the two groups with regard to age, sex, tumor site, experience of the surgeon, method of approach or surgical technique. Eight esophageal resections were performed upon 47 of the 62 irradiated patients and 33 of the 47 nonirradiated patients. Of the 62 irradiated patients, 14 died during operation, compared with 11 of the 47 nonirradiated patients, the difference between the two groups not being statistically significant. Irradiation was associated with a higher mortality for lesions in the mid third part of the esophagus, 11 of 29 versus four of 19, but again, the difference was not significant. In the irradiated patients, the five year actuarial postoperative survival rate was 9.5 versus 11.5 per cent for the nonirradiated patients. In conclusion, preoperative radiation therapy does not produce a statistically significant short term or long term benefit in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6794169 TI - [Comparative study of the effectiveness of sustac and nitrosorbid treatment of exertion-induced angina pectoris]. PMID- 6794170 TI - [Immunogenetic and clinical aspects of seronegative polyarthritis (our experience)]. PMID- 6794171 TI - [Immunologic disorders in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6794172 TI - [Etiological factors in nonspecific aortoarteritis]. PMID- 6794173 TI - [Peripheral vasodilators in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6794174 TI - [Decompensation of intracranial hypertension by sodium valproate. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6794175 TI - Characterization of the platelet response to exogenous arachidonic acid. PMID- 6794176 TI - Laboratory evidence of DIC under FEIBA treatment of a hemophilic patient with intracranial bleeding and high titre factor VIII inhibitor. PMID- 6794177 TI - Determination of antithrombin III by sandwich enzymeimmunoassay technique. PMID- 6794178 TI - Studies on the relationship between factor VIII related antigen (VIIIRAg) and factor VIII clotting antigen (VIIICAg) by immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography using 125I anti VIIICAg. PMID- 6794179 TI - Platelet adenine nucleotides and arachidonic acid metabolism in the myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6794180 TI - [Gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing gonococci]. PMID- 6794182 TI - [First aid for nurses: injuries of the ankle. II]. PMID- 6794183 TI - Effects of phenobarbital pretreatment on the metabolism and toxicokinetics of aflatoxin B1 in the rhesus monkey. PMID- 6794181 TI - [First aid for nurses: injuries of the ankle]. PMID- 6794184 TI - Immunotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice exposed to benzene and Aroclor 1254. PMID- 6794185 TI - Effects of aflatoxin B1 on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes in rat liver. PMID- 6794186 TI - Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: determination of lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6794188 TI - The effects of ortho chloro substituents on the retention of PCB isomers in rat, rabbit, Japanese quail, guinea pig and trout. AB - A mixture of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-,2,2',4,4',5',6-,2,2',4,4',5,5'-,2',3,4,4',5,5'- and 3,3',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyls (HCBP) was administered by gastric lavage to rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, Japanese quail and trout, and the concentrations in the fat or whole carcass were determined after 29 days. The total HCBP levels in rat, rabbit and guinea pig fatty tissue were 8.27, 6.84 and 4.74 ppm, respectively: whereas 3.02 and 2.15 ppm of the HCBPs were detected in the trout and Japanese quail carcasses. The extent of ortho chloro substitution markedly affected the levels of the individual HCBP isomers retained in the test animals; the rabbit and guinea pig preferentially retained the HCBPs with 0,1 and 2 ortho chloro substituents, the Japanese quail retained only the 3,3',4,4',5,5'-HCBP isomer, whereas no striking preferences in HCBP isomer retention in the rat and trout were observed. The marked differences in the retention of HCBP isomers with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 ortho chloro substitution by different animal species should be considered in chronic toxicity studies since the most toxic polychlorinated biphenyls have minimal (1 or 0) ortho chloro substituents. PMID- 6794187 TI - Biological activity of technical Aroclor 1254 compared to Aroclor 1254 residues: swine fat residues fed to broiler cockerels. AB - Fat from Aroclor 1254-treated swine was rendered and incorporated into the diets of broiler chicks for 3-4 weeks. The technical Aroclor 1254 which was fed to the swine was also mixed into control lard for comparison at dietary concentrations of 0.07-9.0 mg/kg. The swine-residue PCB seemed to have a higher proportion of strong microsomal inducers, but the technical PCB was slightly more effective in inducing ethoxy resorufin and p-nitro-anisole (pNA) O-dealkylases than the swine residue PCB. No overt signs of toxicosis were apparent and none of the diets resulted in changes in growth, relative organ weights, microsomal protein or high affinity pNA O-dealkylase. Increases in cytochrome(s) P-450 were significant only at the higher dietary concentrations (approx. 9 mg/kg) while ethoxyresorufin O dealkylase was induced at dietary concentrations below 1 mg/kg. PMID- 6794189 TI - Mutagenicity study of Remsen-Fahlberg saccharin and contaminants. AB - Saccharin and contaminants of commercial Remsen-Fahlberg saccharin were studied for mutagenic potential with the use of the Salmonella/microsome test, Basc-test in Drosophila melanogaster and micronucleus test in mice. In none of these tests were mutagenic effects of saccharin observed. Likewise, the ortho- and para sulfamoylbenzoic acids (OSBA and PSBA) were ineffective. Para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) and the major contaminant ortho-toluene-sulfonamide (OTS) exhibited weak mutagenic effects in a modified Salmonella/microsome test and in Drosophila. These results do not indicate mutagenic and therewith correlated carcinogenic potential of saccharin, but they emphasize the possible activity of contaminants. PMID- 6794190 TI - Mutagenic effects of fluphenazine hydrochloride in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The mutagenic potential of fluphenazine hydrochloride was tested on male germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster. The criterion used was sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. Oregon-K males of D. melanogaster, reared on a medium containing 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03 mg/ml of the drug, were screened for sex-linked recessive lethal mutations. The incidence of sex-linked lethals was significant. The results clearly demonstrate that fluphenazine is capable of inducing recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila especially in pre-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis. PMID- 6794191 TI - Estradiol binding by intact cells isolated from DMBA-induced mammary tumors of the rat. AB - Study of hormone binding in intact cells enables one to examine binding under conditions which elicit a biological response. Cells from 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors of the rat were enzymatically dispersed. More than 80% of these cells excluded trypan blue and were used to study binding of [3H] estradiol-17 beta. Specific binding was determined by subtracting the amount of [3H]estradiol bound in the absence and presence of 200-fold excess unlabeled estradiol. Specific binding at 37 degrees was maximal after 15 min. Steroid competition studies indicated that [3H]estradiol binding sites were relatively specific for estrogens, although there was a 9-18% inhibition of binding by androgens and progestins when present at 150-fold molar excess. Scatchard analyses of [3H]estradiol (0.15-5.0 nM) binding by whole cells suggest a single, high-affinity binding site (Kd = 7.5 x 10-10M) of low capacity (6.1 fmol/10(6) cells). More [3H]estradiol was translocated to the nucleus after 1 hr at 37 degrees than at 0 degrees. Preliminary studies indicated that incubations at 37 degrees result in appreciable metabolism of [3H]estradiol to other steroids and/or conjugates when examined by silica gel thin layer chromatography. PMID- 6794192 TI - Direct enzymeimmunoassay of progesterone in bovine milk. AB - A sensitive enzymeimmunoassay has been developed for measuring progesterone in unextracted bovine milk. An N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 11 alpha hydroxyprogesterone 11-hemisuccinate has been synthesised and used to form conjugates with beta-galactosidase in buffer at pH 7.0. The degree of incorporation of progesterone into the enzyme was demonstrated using (14C) labelled steroid and by radioimmunoassay binding inhibition. Standard curves of comparable range and sensitivity to radioimmunoassay were obtained in the presence of whole milk taken from a cow at oestrus. These advances have allowed the development of a simple micro-titre plate enzymeimmunoassay of progesterone in whole milk and will be of particular value in determination of pregnancy, prediction of the day of oestrus and diagnosis of reproductive disorders. PMID- 6794193 TI - Freezing red blood cells prepared for quality control of antiglobulin sera. AB - A small-aliquot freezing technique was employed to store at -80 C red blood cells (RBC) prepared for quality control of antiglobulin sera. These RBC were used to test the specificity and potency of both polyspecific and monospecific antiglobulin sera on the day of use. Following deglycerolization, about 83 per cent of test RBC were recovered. They were then stored as 5 per cent suspensions in 0.9% NaCl at 4 C for up to two weeks and tested for specific agglutination. EIg (RBC sensitized with immunoglobulins) and EC4 (RBC sensitized with the fourth component of human complement) remained reactive for the two-week period. EC43 (RBC sensitized with both the fourth and third components of human complement) tended to lose reactivity only with anti-C3c antibodies following deglycerolization and storage. EC3d (RBC sensitized with the C3d fragment of the third component of human complement), produced in vivo as a result of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, remained reactive for the two-week period, whereas EC3d prepared by the alternative pathway of complement activation was useful only for one week. Use of deglycerolized test RBC improved quality-control procedures by saving materials and technician time as well as by providing a constant supply of uniformly prepared test RBC. PMID- 6794194 TI - Surveillance for posttransfusion hepatitis by a community hospital. Another view. AB - A critical appraisal of a recent AABB recommendation for hepatitis surveillance was undertaken. As part of the program, a formal, mailed inquiry was sent to physicians whose patients were transfused six months earlier. The replies did not provide an effective means of detecting posttransfusion hepatitis, and cost of the program was high. Although the method served as a useful reminder to physicians that transfusion-associated hepatitis is a reportable disease, caution is warranted in implementing such screening. PMID- 6794195 TI - The detection of clinically significant erythrocyte alloantibodies using a human mononuclear phagocyte assay. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) allo- or autoantibodies, which markedly reduce the survival of transfused or autologous RBC, are considered to be clinically significant antibodies. The occurrence of antibodies against high-incidence antigens, which are occasionally associated with clinically significant RBC destruction or are of unknown clinical significance, often creates delays in providing blood to patients. In the majority of cases these antibodies are benign; however, clinically significant examples of these antibodies have been reported. An in vitro homologous human mononuclear phagocyte assay (MPA) was used to study antibodies directed against specificities associated with variable clinical significance. Two antibodies reported to be clinically significant and 25 antibodies known to be clinically insignificant were tested by MPA. The results indicate that clinically significant antibodies have a significantly higher score than do clinically insignificant antibodies, with no overlap observed between the two groups. An additional eight antibodies with unknown clinical significance were tested. None of these antibodies had scores in the clinically significant range. PMID- 6794196 TI - Passive transfer of anti-E antibody. PMID- 6794197 TI - Active suppression in the maintenance of pancreatic islet allografts. PMID- 6794198 TI - The I genotype and the anti-thy-1 response: revival of the Ir-Thy-1 concept. PMID- 6794199 TI - [Effect of total content of carbon dioxide in blood biosynthesis of antipseudoplague antibodies in chickens]. AB - The paper is concerned with a study of the sodium bicarbonate, carboxylin and hydrochloric acid effect on certain indices of acid-base balance in blood and on dynamics of antibody formation in chickens. The sodium bicarbonate or carboxylin feeding increases the carbon dioxide total content and intensity of antipseudoplague antibodies biosynthesis in the blood by 12-21 or 12.5-40%, respectively, as compared with the control. The hydrochloric acid feeding causes a decrease in the total amount of CO2 in the blood and inhibition of antibody formation by 12.7-32.8 % as compared with the control. PMID- 6794201 TI - [Economic analysis of trials in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer]. PMID- 6794200 TI - [Effect of certain essential amino acids excess on formation of aminoacyl-tRNA against a background of protein deficiency]. AB - Optimal conditions are determined for the rat liver tRNA amino acylation with valine and methionine in norm, under protein deficiency and feeding of valine and methionine excess against a background of protein-free diet. It is shown that the level of the liver tRNA amino acylation with the protein deficiency is considerably higher than in the normal state. The valine and methionine excess against a background of protein-free diet inhibits the intensity of the valyl tRNA and methionyl-tRNA formation. The cross experiments in a heterosystem show that this inhibition is due to changes in the activity or content of valyl- and methionyl-tRNA-synthetases in the rat liver. PMID- 6794202 TI - [Prophylactic antibiotic therapy in induced abortion. A cost benefit analysis]. PMID- 6794204 TI - [Which anti-epileptic agent?]. PMID- 6794203 TI - [Medullary compression in Morquio-Brailsford disease]. PMID- 6794205 TI - [Hypoglycemia after suicidal ingestion of glibenclamide (Daonil) Report of a fatal case]. PMID- 6794206 TI - Methods for liquid filling inflated lungs and measuring any retained gas. AB - A method is described for liquid filling lungs without collapse by ventilating them on CO2 and then absorbing this gas with isotonic Tris buffer solution. The gas retained in each of 16 liquid-filled lungs has been measured by their compression in a dilatometer and averages 0.13% of lung volume. The liquid filling method has the advantage that it can be used either for lungs in situ or excised; total elimination of any retained gas, if desired, can be ensured by subsequent compression to 8.3 ATA for 10 min. PMID- 6794208 TI - Physical and chemical characteristics of renal stone matrix. AB - Study of the organic matrix of calcium oxalate renal stones during the least 30 years has produced substantial information on its structure and chemical composition. However, the distinctive chemical nature of this matrix material has yet to be described in sufficient detail to explain adequately the relationship between its chemical composition and reactivity, and the several morphological forms in which it exists. We review representative studies conducted in this area during the last several decades and suggest several additional avenues of investigation that promises to provide a more complete understanding of the chemical and physical nature of this material, and its possible role in renal stone formation. PMID- 6794207 TI - Effectiveness of a breath during exercise in a hyperbaric environment. AB - During vigorous foot-pedal exercise at 6.75 ATA, three subjects had lower total ventilation, larger functional residual capacity (FRC), and higher PCO2 in end expired and mixed-expired gas than during the same exercise at 1.5 ATA. Compartmental analysis of multiple breath washin suggested that ventilation was more evenly distributed during the high pressure exercise. Mass-balance analysis of inert indicator gases in single breaths showed that at a given pressure, low diffusivity gases did not mix in the lung as well as high-diffusivity gases. It did not follow, however, that a particular gas was better mixed at low pressure than when its diffusivity was decreased by high pressure; the data showed just the opposite during exercise. The apparent paradox seems to be explained by the change of other conditions for mixing at high pressure, especially the enlargement of the FRC. PMID- 6794209 TI - [Early laser necrectomy with simultaneous free autodermatoplasty in experimental deep burns]. PMID- 6794210 TI - [Influencing superovulation in cattle with serum gonadotropin antibody]. AB - The effectiveness of GnRH (Luliberin) and goat anti-PMSG serum prepared at the Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, was studied during the superovulation of heifers treated with PMSG and Estrumate. The use of GnRH did not exert any positive influence on superovulation, as compared with the control groups,. when anti-PMSG serum was administered five hours from the determined beginning of oestrus (46-53 hours from the first administration of Estrumate), the length of oestrus was reduced in comparison with the control group (25.8 and 51.3 h), the number of 22.3). The tested heifers produced 17.8 ova, on an average, out of which (4.1 and 22.3). The tested heifers produced 17.8 ova, on an average, out of which 12.5 were good-quality embryos. The control heifers produced 6.9 ova including 2.9 embryos. The obtained results provide convincing evidence of the promising results of the use of goat anti-PMSG serum during the superovulation cattle. PMID- 6794211 TI - [Mucosal disease virus as a cause of enzootic abortion in cattle in Czechoslovakia]. AB - Bovine viral diarrhoea -- mucosal disease (BVD-MD) virus was demonstrated on some farms as the causal agent of enzootic abortions in cattle. On the whole, five non cytopathogenic strains of the BVD-MD virus were isolated from the organs of aborted foetuses of different age and prematurely born calves. The strains were identified by the direct immunofluorescence method. The same method was also used in detecting the virus antigen in the organs and tissues of colostrum deprived prematurely born calves and also calves born at term. The involvement of the BVD MD virus in the abortions was demonstrated indirectly by detecting virus neutralizing antibodies in the serum of heifers and cows, in the pre-colostral sera of newly born calves, and in the body fluids of aborted foetuses. The discussion deals with the importance of the BVD-MD virus as a cause of enzootic abortions, foetal malformations and early postnatal mortality of calves. PMID- 6794212 TI - [Microbial population of the preputial sac in young bulls]. AB - The microbial population of the praeputial sac was studied in a group of ten young bulls housed in one section of the rearing farm in the age period from 2 to 14 months when they were transferred to A. I. stations. As to currently occurring microflora, Proteus sp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated most frequently. The remaining micro-organisms isolated during the study included E. coli, non haemolytic and viridizing streptococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococci, aerobic sporulating bacteria, saprophytic corynebacteria snd gamma-negative non fermenting rods. Campylobacter foetus subsp. foetus was not detected and the same applies to the other species of this genus (Campylobacter sp.). When the bullocks were transferred to the rearing farm, the mycoplasms were no longer isolated from the praeputial mucous membrane. Mycoplasms were determined in all the studied animals after six months' stay in group. The isolated strains were identified as M. bovigenitalium by the epiimmunofluorescence method. PMID- 6794214 TI - [The effect of feeding technics on dust levels in pig fattening barns]. AB - Dust nuisance was studied in the pig fattening halls of the TEROZ TACHOV type in 1979 and 1980. One of these halls was equipped with the original feeding technology, in the other a set of gravity pipes was added to feeding line. The comparison showed that the house with the adjusted feeding system has much lower dust nuisance with a reduced content of respirable particles. In this house better weight gains and lower mortality were observed. PMID- 6794213 TI - [Determination of serum albumin concentration in pigs using bromcresol green]. AB - The concentration of total protein and albumin was examined in the blood plasma of pig foetuses on the 112th day of pregnancy, piglets early weaned from sows and after 14 days, pigs at slaughter weight, and two groups of porkers given different amounts of protein from weaning to the age of 122 days. A relationship was demonstrated between the level of plasma albumin on the one hand and body weight and feed protein content on the other. As distinct from this, the differences in the levels of total protein were not statistically significant in porkers and pigs with different weight. In piglets weaned from sows, the concentration of total protein showed a marked decrease but plasma albumin content did not drop, although feed intake and body weight gains were low. Attention is drawn to some physiological peculiarities of both parameters in pig development and emphasis is made on the diagnostic value of plasma albumin. The correction factor derived from different capacity of the swine of human serum albumin, serving as standard, was used for the determination of plasma albumin by the inversion colorimetric method based on the ability of binding bromocresol green in buffered solution. PMID- 6794215 TI - [Repeated dehelminthization and its effect on the course of the natural infestation, of sheep by roundworms]. AB - Long-continued use of levamizole for the control of gastrointestinal roundworms in sheep kept on pasture showed that the discrepancy in the results obtained in experiments and in the terrain is associated with the physiology of host and parasites. In practical use in the terrain, the preparation had an 85% effect in one case; otherwise the average effect was 61.1% and persisted five to six weeks in all flocks including those in which the animals were treated five times a year. Treatment performed later than in October did not destroy larvae in the mucous membrane because they already were in their anabiosis; only the imagoes were positively influenced. The larvae from the mucosa begin to maturate in February and eggs are produced hastily ("spring rise phenomenon"); the use of the drug in April mostly fails to reduce this abundant production of eggs. The roundworms Bunostomum phlebotomum, Oesophagostomum spp., Cooperia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. almost disappeared from the flock after three-year treatment. Chabertia ovina, Ostertagia spp. and Strongyloides papillosus showed the highest resistance. PMID- 6794216 TI - Bovine mastitis caused by Bacillus cereus. PMID- 6794217 TI - [The effect of nitroglycerin on systolic time intervals. A functional test of heart efficiency]. PMID- 6794218 TI - [Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis with low doses of insulin]. PMID- 6794219 TI - [Asparaginase and adenosine deaminase activity in the liver tissue of rats parenterally administered nitrogenous preparations in protein starvation]. PMID- 6794220 TI - [Metabolic characteristics of lipids and catecholamines in alimentary obesity complicated by diabetes mellitus in its latent form]. AB - Alimentary obesity aggravated by latent diabetes mellitus is marked, apart from overweight and disturbed tolerance to carbohydrates, by high incidence of hyperlipoproteinemia running its course according to IIb and IV types, as well as by normal excretion rate of catecholamines. The reduced caloric value of the diet including sharp restriction of carbohydrates produces a favorable effect on the metabolic parameters under test, particularly on the level of low-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6794221 TI - Binding of protein A to some human gamma-globulins used intravenously. AB - We examined the binding capacity of radioiodinated protein A ([125I]PA) for several human IgG immunoglobulins. Most of them are commercial preparations used in immunosubstitution therapy. Two experimental approaches were chosen. In the first, the binding of [125I] PA to solidified IgG preparations was studied. In the second approach, the inhibition of [125I] PA binding to a given immunoglobulin by various human immunoglobulin samples was established. Both the binding and inhibition criteria were used to estimate the order of the relative binding capacities of the Fc region in studied IgG preparations. The various commercial gamma-globulin preparations were also compared using single radial immunodiffusion and cross-immunoelectrophoretic techniques. PMID- 6794222 TI - Energy Metabolism and platelet responses. PMID- 6794223 TI - Response of stored platelets to exogenous arachidonic acid. PMID- 6794224 TI - In vitro methods and the study of platelet mechanisms. PMID- 6794225 TI - [Complex treatment of pyocyanosis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6794226 TI - Endometrial ossification. A report on two cases. PMID- 6794227 TI - Effect of combined nitrogen sources on heterotrophic growth of a blue-green alga Westiellopsis prolifica. AB - The autotrophic and photoheterotrophic growth of light pre-treated and dark pre treated strains of Westiellopsis prolifica was decreased in the presence of NH4+, NO3-- and urea in the culture medium. On dark incubation, after pre-treatment with light as well as in the dark, the alga showed better growth response to all the combined nitrogen sources. However, only the light pre-treated strain of the organism utilized the exogenous nitrogen sources appreciably for its dark heterotrophic growth. PMID- 6794228 TI - Effect of rifampicin on the heterocyst pattern in Anabaena ARM 314. AB - Alteration in the pattern of heterocysts is observed when suspending ammonia grown filaments of Anabaena ARM 314 in a medium devoid of combined nitrogen source but supplemented with rifampicin. Paired as well as strings of 3--9 heterocysts were noticed. The electrophoretic protein pattern of non heterocystous, heterocystous and multiple heterocystous filaments revealed that multiple heterocystous filaments are characterized by the presence of two additional protein transients. It is speculated that rifampicin may lead to an alteration in the enzyme system involved in the synthesis of inhibitory substances or, alternatively, to the formation or activation of enzyme systems involved in the sequestering of inhibitory substances. PMID- 6794229 TI - Effect of growth-promoting chemicals on growth, nitrogen fixation and heterocyst frequency of a blue-green alga. AB - IAA was found to stimulate growth, nitrogen fixation and pigment synthesis in Anabaena doliolum in all concentrations tested. Heterocyst frequency was stimulated up to a concentration of 50 ppm IAA. NAA stimulated growth and nitrogen fixation up to 10 ppm. GA promoted growth, pigment synthesis, heterocyst frequency and nitrogen fixation only up to a concentration of 2 ppm. Kinetin promoted growth up to 100 ppm and synthesis of pigments, while nitrogen fixation was stimulated up to 5 ppm. PMID- 6794230 TI - [Lysine biosynthesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. III. Further characterization of lysine auxotrophic mutant of Ps. aeruginosa PAO1]. AB - A number of lysine-auxotrophic mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were isolated through mutagenesis by means of N-methyl-N-nitrosoguaniine (Mach et al., unpublished). Using the cross feeding test and growth tests classification of lysine mutants was not possible. The investigation of diaminopimelic acid decarboxylase (DAP-DC) showed, that none of these mutants had an active enzyme, except for the mutants with a high number of revertants. The appearance of only one mutant type is attributed to the insufficient availability of DAP. PMID- 6794231 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis I in a pair of siblings]. PMID- 6794232 TI - [The clinical picture of intrathoracic meningocele (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794233 TI - Determining the kinetic behaviour for the secretion of milk toxin as related to dosage level of aflatoxin B1. AB - 39 species which belong to 14 genera were isolated from 110 milk samples collected from different dairy sources at Assiut City. The most frequent fungi were A. niger, A flavus and Clasdosporium cladosporioides, followed by Curvularia spicifera and Penicillium corylophilum. The remaining species were of rare occurrence. The fluorescence-method for detecting aflatoxin-producing strains demonstrated the presence of two isolates namely A. flavus possesses this property. One of these toxic isolates was proved to produce high level of aflatoxin B1. It was used as a tool for determining the kinetic behaviour for the secretion of M1 toxin in milk of lactating animals which had received a toxic diet. The results revealed the following: 1. The milk toxin was detected in the milk of lactating animals next day after the toxin-containing ration was fed. 2. The level of milk toxin is gradually decreased when the feeding programme was interrupted. 3. When the animals supplied a ration containing the same concentration of aflatoxin for successive days, the milk toxin concentration was maintained at the same level. 4. The total amount of milk toxin secreted was less than one per cent of the amount of aflatoxin B1 received. 5. The concentration of milk toxin secreted by goats was higher than that of dairy cows. 6. Milk toxin failed to be detected five days after the feeding programme was discontinued. PMID- 6794234 TI - ["What is normal?" - Ideals Exemplified on andrological aspects (author's transl)]. AB - In andrology ther term "normal" stands for mean value but indicates also male fertility. Some data (ejaculate parameters, testis volume, coitus frequency, hormone levels) are discussed with special reference to the relation of age and fertility. The general situation of the patients has to be evaluated not single data only. It is postulated that the sexual behaviour of a couple is normal if both partners tolerate this. We promise a reconsideration of the present norm values of the ejaculate. PMID- 6794235 TI - [Comparison of different methods for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794236 TI - [Perthes' disease, symptomatic atypical juvenile osteochondroses of the femoral epiphysis and skeletal retardation (author's transl)]. AB - A classification of atypical femoral osteochondroses with children is offered and explained by pertinent examples. In every single case has the diagnosis Perthes disease to be confirmed by securing a skeletal retardation by means or the carporadiogram. If there is no adequate skeletal retardation present or if it is exceedingly high, and if the children are more than 9 years old at the beginning, or if the course of the disease is unusually slow, we have to take into consideration the occurrence of a symptomatic osteochondrosis of the femoral epiphysis. Symptomatic in this context does not mean painful as in the anglo american literature but rather "due to a special known etiology". In the majority of cases, then, we are confronted with a local manifestation of systemic osteochondrodystrophy. It's spondyloepiphyseal character can best be verified by a lateral X-ray of the lower dorsal and dorsolumbar spine, apart from an X-ray of the hand. Familiar occurrence, bilateral involvement, diminished height and relative early onset do equally point to a systemic underlying osteochondrodystrophic disease. Different symptomatic basic diseases, however, may also be represented by those signs, including skeletal retardation. PMID- 6794237 TI - [Boundaries between the physiological and the beginnings of pathology in the development of the proximal femoral epiphysis (author's transl)]. AB - This article describes the physiological development of the proximal femoral epiphysis and its variable aspects. It also includes a discussion of the transition to the pathological changes characteristic of dysplasia of the head of the femur and of Legg-Calve-Perthes' disease, basing on a latent ischaemic phase in the development of the proximal femoral epiphysis, resulting from hypoplastic vascular development. PMID- 6794238 TI - [The efficacy of oral cephalosporins compared to propicillin and ampicillin]. PMID- 6794239 TI - [Use of thyroliberin and parlodel in acromegaly]. PMID- 6794240 TI - [Interrelationship between the occurrence of microbial eczema and the genetic blood markers (ABO, Rhesus and MN)]. PMID- 6794241 TI - [Medical prevention in the ENT field]. PMID- 6794243 TI - [Occupational medicine from the point of view of the employer]. PMID- 6794242 TI - [Room air quality and ventilation]. AB - In a test chamber of 30 m3 the air pollutants caused by man were measured. Variables were: number of persons and their activities and the rate of the air change. During test sessions of two hours the temperature, the relative humidity, the carbon dioxide and the intensity of odors were measured. There was a significant correlation between the odor intensities and the concentrations of carbon dioxide-independent of the number of persons and the air change rate. At air change rates of 12-15 m3 per person and per hour, the carbon dioxide concentration was not higher than 0.15% and the odor intensity was evaluated only as a slight annoyance. Further experiments were performed with physical activity and smoking. PMID- 6794244 TI - [Effect of a frequent administration of a daily lysine supplement on the utilization of nutrients in pigs from 20 to 100 kg body weight. 1. Description of methods, growth and food utilization]. PMID- 6794245 TI - [Developmental and nutritional changes of intestinal changes of intestinal lactase and maltase activities in the lamb]. PMID- 6794246 TI - Biliary atresia in a texelaar lamb. A case report. PMID- 6794247 TI - [Fine structure of blood leukocytes and electron optical demonstration of peroxidase and acid phosphatase in sheep granulocytes]. PMID- 6794248 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic structure of sheep blood leukocytes in direct relation to light microscopy]. PMID- 6794249 TI - Hormonal induction of lactation in non-pregnant Awassi ewes. III. Histology of mammary gland and milk production. PMID- 6794250 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of spontaneous and experimentally induced neoplasms and of normal skin of Mastomys natalensis (GRA Giessen and WSA Giessen strains)]. PMID- 6794251 TI - Stage dependency of the effect of foetal decapitation on gestation and parturition in rabbits. PMID- 6794252 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6794253 TI - [Transfer to Escherichia coli of the mercury markers of new Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids]. AB - A total of 5 new conjugative plasmids pLD can be transferred from one Ps. aeruginosa strain to other strains of this species, but not to E. coli. Only the markers of resistance to mercury can be transferred to E. coli by means of plasmids Inc P-1. The present work contains the data confirming that the mercury markers of 2 plasmids pLD 1017 and pLD 1051 behave similarly to transposons. PMID- 6794254 TI - [Brucella L-forms, their revertants and initial cultures]. AB - The transformation of Brucella into a relatively stable bacterial L-form leads to a sharp decrease in virulence and the loss of their capacity for agglutination under the action of commercial brucellosis antiserum. When reverting from the L form, Brucella cells partially restore their virulence and agglutinability. The pronounced restoration of these properties can be observed in revertants from the L-forms, obtained in vivo. All revertants are less virulent than the initial strains. The transformation into the L-forms is accompanied by a sharp decrease in their electrokinetic mobility, which is indicative of profound transformations of their peripheral structures leading to the exposure of the electrically inert layers of the cell wall. PMID- 6794255 TI - [Parameters for constructing a test system for the isoenzymatic detection of meningococcal antibodies]. AB - The optimum conditions for the detection of specific humoral antibodies in patients with meningococcal infection by the immunoenzymatic method have been determined: the sensitizing dose of the antigen is 20 microgram of protein per 1 ml for group A meningococcal antigen and 25 microgram of protein per 1 ml for group C meningococcal antigen, the pH of the buffer solutions is 5.0-6.0 for group A meningococcal antigen and 12.0 for group C meningococcal antigen, the time and temperature of incubation should be 18-20 hours at 14 degrees C. The diagnostic test system developed in this research is capable of detecting antibodies with the accuracy of several ng. PMID- 6794256 TI - [Tick-borne encephalitis and epilepsy]. AB - In patients suffering from tick-borne encephalitis development of epileptic seizures, Kozhevnikov's epilepsy, Jackson's epilepsy, myoclonus-epilepsy, chorea epilepsy Hunt's myoclonic dyssynergy and various hyperkineses without general convulsions was observed. It was found that a particular place in the structure of the convulsive syndrome was occupied by Kozhevnikov's epilepsy which was not so frequently encountered in other diseases. This is, probably, due to a particular vulnerability of the motor structures, mainly, at the spinal level, at which the final motor response is formed. PMID- 6794257 TI - [Dynamics of pneumoencephalographic changes in focal epilepsy]. AB - In the course of a follow up study repeated pneumoencephalographic examinations were carried out in 48 patients with various forms of focal epilepsy. The intervals between the examinations ranged from one to 16 years, and the disease duration was from 3 to 32 years. Also ventriculometric methods of assessing the results of the examinations were used. A progress of the atrophic changes in the brain was noted irrespectively of the disease duration. The hydrocephalia of the ventricular system became more diffuse; the pathological changes of the subarachnoidal space also progressed, however, with retention or deepening of their focal character. A connection between the progress of hydrocephalia and the disease gravity was noted. The focal changes in the subarachnoidal space often progressed in parallel to the paroxysmal intensification of the focal phenomena. The most pronounced and the earliest was a dilatation of the posterior divisions of the IIId ventricle. Prognostically unfavourable were enlargement of one or several divisions of the ventricular system by 4-5 mm and more revealed on repeated examinations, as well as an increase of hydrocephalia mainly in the anterior divisions of the IIId ventricle. The authors suggest to use the data of repeated pneumoencephalographic examinations for correct assessment of the degree of hydrocephalia, determination of the prognosis and choice of the methods of epilepsy treatment. PMID- 6794258 TI - [Pneumoencephalography in the diagnosis and complex treatment of traumatic epilepsy]. AB - Pneumoencephalographic examinations (after endolumbar injection of 60 ml of air) were carried out in 84 patients who developed epileptic seizures after closed brain injuries. In all the patients diffuse cysto-adhesive arachnoiditis, open inner hydrocephalus, and delayed resorption of air from the cerebral ventricles were revealed roentgenologically. A therapeutic effect that manifested itself in a subjective improvement, abatement of the organic signs, cessation, diminution on the frequency, or transformation of the seizures into milder ones was noted in 77% of the patients. Data on vegetative reactions and changes of the brain bioelectrical activity under the influence of the pneumoencephalography are presented. Possible role of those changes in the mechanisms of the pneumoencephalography therapeutic action is discussed. PMID- 6794260 TI - [Effect of alcohol on brain structure (review)]. PMID- 6794259 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of epileptic seizures in early childhood]. AB - Results of clinico-anamnestic examinations of 171 patients with epileptic seizures are presented. Etiologically significant were unfavourable factors in the antenatal period, natal traumas, infections, neuroinfections, and craniocerebral postnatal injuries, combinations of the above factors, and intracranial newgrowths. In the first three years of life, generalized seizures were prevailing. The use of additional, especially roentgeno-contrast examinations was of a substantial aid in the diagnosis. Approaches to epilepsy prophylaxis in the patients examined have been outlined. PMID- 6794261 TI - Type-concept, higher classification and evolution. AB - A study is made of the history of the type and related concepts, from Greek Antiquity up to the present. It is demonstrated that the type-concept of eighteenth century biology was based on Leibniz's concept of substantial form, and was not related to a Platonic Idea, whilst it is now generally understood in the sense of model or norm. In the present paper, a type-concept is developed which includes ontogenetic and phylogenetic time and various evolutionary mechanisms. This type (an archetype) can serve as a model of the evolutionary potentialities of a taxon, and as a standard of higher classification. All classifications based on the same archetype, whether typological, numerical or phylogenetic, will be comparable, although not necessarily identical. PMID- 6794262 TI - The nerve impulse in the axon--a new theory. AB - The Classical Theory of function in the nervous system postulates that the nerve impulse is the result of a sequential reversal of the membrane potential due to an increased permeability of the membrane, first to sodium ions, then to potassium ions. The new theory presents a bio-physical model which depicts the nerve impulse as an event involving the motions of electrons and waves, and their interactions with sodium and potassium atoms and ions. The velocity of the nerve impulse (the most important parameter of nerve function) is determined by the product of two constants: c = the speed of light, which is a constant for all nerves; k = a constant for each nerve and is believed to be a specific property of nerve matter related in some way to the atomic process. The theory proposes that the nerve impulse in the axon is 'dualistic' in nature (particles and waves play equally significant roles). The dualistic nature accounts for the three most fundamental characteristics of conduction of the nerve impulse: periodicity (conduction of a nerve impulse over long distances with constant velocity and form); non-summing (two nerve impulses cannot be in the same place at the same time); 'quantum nature' of each nerve impulse - i.e., the unit message of the nerve impulse is an indivisible unit. PMID- 6794263 TI - Feedback selection and the evolution of modifiers. PMID- 6794265 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in oncology (author's transl)]. AB - The role of TPN in oncology is, in spite of favourable reports, not yet settled. Selected undernourished cancer patients are certainly helped by parenteral nutrition during their course of therapy. Their nutritional status becomes better, their endurance to antineoplastic therapy is enhanced with less complications and more important, their "quality of life" is improved. However, the survival time of the patient is not prolonged. Well designed prospective randomised clinical studies will provide a better insight into this problem. The anorexia of cancer patients might be caused by tumor-induced alterations in the metabolism of the host which might be medically altered by serotonin-antagonists. PMID- 6794264 TI - [In hospital and at home parenteral nutrition with a single unit (author's transl)]. AB - Parenteral administration of a nutritive mixture in a disposable bag prepared in a specialized center reduces the incidence of complications and allows for ambulatory treatment at home. The authors use a nutritive mixture of glucose solutions, amino-acids and lipids in a single bag. Turbidity studies, morphometric evaluation, the macroscopic aspect of the emulsions as well as bacteriological studies have demonstrated the stability of the solution for 5 days when kept at 4 degrees C. Forty-nine cancer patients benefited by this therapeutic modality. Four patients developed an infection in conjunction with the advent of temporary personnel in specialized unit. One patient developed cholestatic jaundice. All 5 recovered. No other patient suffered from a complication due to this technic of parenteral nutrition. One patient has been treated for 3 months of which 1 month at home. Another one is still on total parenteral nutrition 9 months later with 8 months at home without any complication. PMID- 6794266 TI - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN): the team concept. AB - The septic and metabolic complications observed in patients receiving TPN have led to the development of teams involving people from various fields. The application of this concept and the design of a new infusion system have led to the elimination of most complications. In 15 months (January 1979 - March 1980), 68 patients were given TPN for a total duration of 1,424 days. Seventy-two catheters were inserted in the superior vena cava for a total duration of 1,617 days. These procedures do not seem to have induced any mechanical or septic complication in these patients. PMID- 6794267 TI - Metabolic complications of parenteral nutrition. AB - Metabolic complications of total parenteral nutrition can occur in several ways. Some of them, such as vitamin deficiencies, are easily foreseen and so avoided. Others can arise from the administration of excess calories, particularly in the form of glucose. Normally excess glucose inhibits fat oxidation and promotes lipid synthesis, so that the respiratory quotient rises about 1.0. In seriously ill, septic patients the main fuel is fat and its oxidation is not inhibited by excess glucose. Large amounts of O2 are required and large amounts of CO2 produced. By measuring the patient's resting energy expenditure, respiratory quotient and ventilatory equivalents one can assess his caloric requirements and whether or not he will have difficulty excreting the CO2 produced. If the stress on the pulmonary system appears too great CO2 production can be decreased by increasing the proportion of calories given as fat. PMID- 6794268 TI - Metabolic consequences of hypercaloric glucose infusions. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that an altered pattern of substrate mobilization and fuel utilization exists in patients who are acutely ill secondary to either injury or infection. These studies have important implications regarding the nutritional support of these patients. This review addresses some of the metabolic sequelae of total parenteral nutrition with hypertonic glucose as the primary source of non-protein calories. The consequences of administering glucose calories in excess of energy requirements are considered. The patterns of gas exchange, fuel utilization and fuel storage in nutritionally depleted and hypermetabolic patients are discussed with specific reference to fat metabolism. Administration of glucose in hypercaloric quantities may produce a respiratory as well as a metabolic stress. The former appears to be related to a ventilatory stimulus associated with an increased rate of carbon dioxide production. In acutely ill patients, this response is magnified and there is also a considerable rise in oxygen consumption and free norepinephrine excretion. It is this group of patients which shows the most profound elevation in minute ventilation. The metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms which may be involved are discussed. A scientific approach to substrate administration in acutely ill patients can be taken only after these patterns of metabolic responses have been fully elucidated. PMID- 6794269 TI - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on liver function. AB - A high incidence of liver dysfunction has recently been reported in adults receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for prolonged periods. Liver function tests were followed in 36 patients undergoing TPN for more than two weeks (during the period January 1979 - March 1980). The calorie intake of the patients was limited to 125% of the energy expenditure and fat accounted for half of the non protein calories. Increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and SGPT values were observed in respectively 14% and 11% of the patients. One patient also showed increases in SGOT value and serum bilirubin concentration. These results suggest that the incidence in liver dysfunction during TPN can be reduced by adapting the calorie intake to the patient's needs and by including fat in the TPN formula. The etiology of hepatic alterations induced by TPN is discussed. PMID- 6794270 TI - Nutritional assessment as a quality control of total parenteral nutrition. AB - Because no single index can characterize a patient's nutritional status, a complete assessment requires a profile of different parameters. This profile incorporates various tests, measurements, and derived parameters, which have been established and adapted to clinical use for identifying the malnourished state, providing guidelines for nutritional support and evaluating the response to nutritional therapy. The quantitative value of anthropometric measurements (weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference), biochemical determinations (creatinine-height index, serum albumin, serum transferrin total lymphocyte count). Immunological evaluations (skin antigen testing) and their importance in the classification of malnutrition are being discussed. Considerable attention is drawn on monitoring the nutritional assessment by serial measurements. So, a dynamic pattern of the patient's response to parenteral nutritional therapy can be evaluated and a more scientific base is found for determining the nutritional needs for any specific patient. PMID- 6794271 TI - Influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on some immune parameters in malnourished surgical patients. AB - Twenty-one protein-calorie depleted patients were given for one week total parenteral nutrition (TPN) including Intralipid during a sixteen months' period (September 1975 - December 1976). Before TPN, lymphocyte proliferation response to 1 microgram/ml of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was abnormally low, while immunoglobulin levels were in the normal range. After one week of TPN, lymphocyte response to PHA was significantly improved in patients exhibiting positive nitrogen balance but remained unchanged in the others. Immunoglobulin IgA, IGG, IgM levels tended to rise in most of the patients, while IgE concentrations remained unchanged. Addition of Intralipid at various concentrations to lymphocyte cultures of both patients and normal volunteers did not effect 3H thymidine incorporation in the lymphocytes. Similarly, in vivo infusion of Intralipid in normal subjects did not have any effect on lymphocyte performance. This study shows that: 1. effective TPN can correct some alterations in immune parameters; 2. Intralipid does not seem to have any effect on the parameters measured in the present work. PMID- 6794272 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in surgery]. PMID- 6794273 TI - [General aspects of parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of denutrition in hospitalized patients is high. A relation exists between morbidity and the altered nutritional status. Parenteral nutrition is one way to preserve or to restore the nutritional equilibrium. Certain risks of the method (septicemia, hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity) are well known and can easily be prevented; other metabolic effects have recently been published. The indication for parenteral nutrition, the proper timing, the total amount and the proportion of the nutrients must be carefully analysed for each individual patient. It seems essential to define objective parameters to determine the nutritional status of the patient as well as the effect of the applied nutritional therapy. PMID- 6794274 TI - [Indications for total parenteral nutrition in surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The indications for total parenteral nutrition are compared with those for enteral alimentation. The indications for parenteral nutrition (nutrition support and hyperalimentation) in gastro-intestinal surgery, traumatology and burn care are discussed. Prophylactic TPN, supplemental TPN and therapeutic TPN are covered as well as their merit in the treatment of surgical complications. PMID- 6794275 TI - [Therapeutic aspects of laparotomy after digestive fistula or after surgical intervention for acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Fourteen cases of digestive fistulas, complicated by a dehiscence of the laparotomy wound, are described. Ten patients have a single fistula and 4 have multiple digestive fistulas. There were eleven survivors. This represents a mortality of 21.4%. In 9 cases, the spontaneous recovery of the fistulated zone is followed by a losing of the laparotomy wound. In 2 cases, surgical intervention was necessary to permit the recovery of the fistula and of the dehiscence of the laparotomy. The treatment of such patients requires a mean hospitalization in an intensive care ward of about 48 days +/- 25.8 (SD). The authors report the different therapeutic aspects: the nutritional support, the control of the infection and of the locoregional and systemic complications. PMID- 6794276 TI - [The use of nutritive mixtures in a surgical unit (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty patients in whom different nutritive mixtures were used are presented. Eight solutions with increasing caloric and nitrogen contents were used. The purpose of the study was to improve the nutritional status of patients prepared to major surgical interventions. A daily nitrogen balance was made to find out in what measure a positive balance could be attained. The presence or absence of complication was of utmost importance in the evaluation. PMID- 6794277 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in gastro-intestinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-two postoperative patients received by parenteral route on 24 hours a total of 2,610 calories by means of a simultaneous infusion of 1,500 ml Trive 1000 and 1,500 ml 10% invert sugar through a central venous line. Of those 42 cases 12 had peritonitis with 7 of them an enteric fistula, 18 underwent an extensive bowel resection and 12 suffered malnutrition secondary to their primary pathology. The average duration of parenteral nutrition was 13 days and the average hospital stay 27 days. No major metabolic derangement was noted except for a temporary transient elevation of SGOT and AF. A systematic bacteriological study of the perfusion lines disclosed an associated morbidity of about 6%. We are convinced that with the used solutions the postoperative catabolism can be managed successfully and that the association of aminoacids, lipids and glucides as used by us facilitates, nursing care. PMID- 6794279 TI - [Clinical and electroencephalographic aspects of a severe case of alphachloralose poisoning]. PMID- 6794278 TI - [Parenteral nutrition "a la carte" in major abdominal surgery with mixtures of Totamine concentrate and Vintene. A clinical study based on nitrogen balance]. AB - The authors present a series of thirty patients who underwent major abdominal surgery. Each patient received preoperative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during bowel preparation. After the operation the TPN was continued immediately, even if reanimation was necessary. The dosages of nitrogen and calories were individually adapted in function of the daily calculated nitrogen-balances. So the authors were able to administer a TPN "a la carte" using eight solutions mixed in a single bag, containing amino-acids (varying between 6 and 20 g of nitrogen), glucose (ad 150 Kcal/gN) lipids (constituting 40% of the calorie intake), ions, vitamins and oligoelements. With a follow-up of minimum 10 days, the study proves the possibility of creating positive nitrogen-balances in 87% of the cases and an acceptable deviation in the daily measured glycemia and plasma ionograms. PMID- 6794280 TI - [long-term therapy of severe arterial hypertension with minoxidil, A new powerful vasodilator]. PMID- 6794281 TI - The relationship of plasma gonadotrophins and steroid concentrations to body growth in girls. AB - Plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP), 17 beta-oestradiol (Oe2) and progesterone (P) were measured in 352 healthy girls aged 6.0 to 15.9 years, as a function of age (CA), weight, height and calculated lean body mass (LBM) and total body fat (TBF). The earliest hormonal changes were a fall in mean plasma FSH concentrations together with a small but significant rise in plasma Oe2 well in advance of any sign of pubertal development. The next changes were a progressive rise in plasma FSH and 17 alpha-OHP concentrations without further increments in plasma Oe2; these changes corresponded to a mean body weight of 29.8 kg, a mean height of 132.0 cm (initiation of the adolescent growth spurt), a mean LBM of 24.7 kg and a mean TBF of 5.1 kg. The last events were a progressive rise in plasma LH and Oe2 and less marked in P, which occurred in association with a mean body weight of 40.0 kg, a mean height of 142.0 cm (time of peak velocity of weight and height gain), a mean LBM of 31.8 kg and a mean TBF of 9.1 kg. Significant quadratic equations were disclosed between plasma FSH and LH versus CA, weight, height and LBM, and a significant linear correlation was observed between each gonadotrophin and TBF. These results show an association, not necessarily causal, between a 'critical level' of body composition and hormonal changes at the start of the adolescent growth spurt, as well as with late hormonal events at the time of peak velocity in weight and height gain. On the other hand, LBM rather than TBF seems more closely associated with the initiation and progression of puberty. PMID- 6794282 TI - Pituitary function in idiopathic haemochromatosis: hormonal study in 36 male patients. AB - Thirty-six male patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis were subjected to measurements of basal plasma values of testosterone, LH and FSH and to an LRH test. Nineteen were also subjected to basal plasma determinations of T3, T4, cortisol, TSH and prolactin and to a TRH test. In 11 cases GH values were measured before, during and after an arginine infusion. Seventeen patients were found to hae low levels of testosterone, LH and FSH, and no gonadotrophin responses to LRH. Seventeen others had normal levels of these three hormones, with normal responses to LRH. The two remaining patients had normal testosterone values but very increased gonadotrophin values: a fact which remains unexplained. Basal levels of prolactin, GH, T3, T4, and TSH were normal: cortisol levels were either normal or increased in cases of poorly controlled diabetes. Prolactin responses to TRH were always normal. TSH responses to TRH were impaired in 2 cases, and GH responses to arginine in 3 cases. Considering that other factors may be involved in the few impairments found in TSH and GH stimulations, it is concluded that the only indisputable pituitary insufficiency in about half of the cases of idiopathic haemochromatosis is gonadotrophic. PMID- 6794283 TI - The TRH-metabolic histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine (DKP) inhibits prolactin secretion in male rhesus monkeys. AB - Histidyl-proline-diketopiperazine (DKP) -- a stable degradation product of TRH -- has been shown to selectively inhibit prolactin secretion in vitro in rat pituitary tissue. In this study the effects of DKP on serum prolactin in intact and anaesthetized male rhesus monkeys and on TRH-stimulated prolactin levels have been investigated. In conscious monkeys 400 micrograms DKP significantly suppressed prolactin levels by 27%, and under ketamine anaesthesia, serum prolactin was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by 150 and 400 micrograms DKP. The maximum prolactin response and the cumulative response to TRH (20 micrograms) was significantly and specifically inhibited by 400 micrograms DKP, while the lower dose was without effect. TSH levels were not affected by DKP in any instance. Hence DKP can specifically inhibit prolactin release in the rhesus monkey, and may be discussed as a possible regulatory factor in prolactin secretion. PMID- 6794284 TI - Influence of lactation on oral glucose tolerance in the puerperium. AB - The influence of endogenous hyperprolactinaemia on oral glucose tolerance in normal women post-partum was studied. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed 8 weeks after delivery in 23 women, 13 of whom were breastfeeding. The lactating women had significantly higher plasma prolactin values before and during the OGTT than the non-lactating women (P less than 0.005). Fasting values of serum FSH, LH, progesterone and plasma glucagon were similar in the two groups. The non-lactating women had higher fasting concentrations of serum oestradiol (P less than 0.0005), plasma glucose (P less than 0.05) and insulin (P less than 0.05) than the lactating women. After oral glucose no differences were found between lactating and non-lactating women in changes in plasma glucose, insulin and glucagon concentrations. It is concluded that lactating women 8 weeks post-partum do not have an impaired OGTT compared to non-lactating women despite elevated plasma prolactin levels. PMID- 6794285 TI - Regulation of prolactin and thyrotrophin secretion during human pregnancy: effect of sulpiride and TRH administration. PMID- 6794286 TI - Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal and pubertal boys with hypospadias. PMID- 6794287 TI - The post-pill secondary amenorrhea: etiology and treatment. PMID- 6794288 TI - Oral contraception and breast pathology. AB - After a rapid examination of the international literature concerning human, animal, histological and epidemiological experimental data, the Authors state that the use of oral contraceptives considerably reduces the risk of benign disease of the breast. This risk reduction seems to be connected to the presence of progestin in this type of contraception. The Authors then expound the data regarding a group of patients (3527), who came to the center for the diagosis and prevention of cancer of the breast at the S. Martino hospital of Genoa during the years 1977-1980. The results of the study are comparable to those found in international literature, in that they confirm the protective effect of hormonal contraception on benign pathology of the breast. Finally we have shown the data of the retrospective and prospective studies conducted up till now on the effects of hormonal contraception on malignant breast pathology. In conclusion we have shown which lines of study should be taken in order to clarify once and for all the links existing between estroprogestins and cancer of the breast. PMID- 6794289 TI - Clinical evaluation of the prognostic value of GnRH-test in oligospermic patients with basal levels of FSH and T in the normal range: part two. PMID- 6794290 TI - [The survey of the idiopathic cystic dilatations of the common bile duct by cholangiopancreatography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794291 TI - [Congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary tract. Report of two personal cases and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794292 TI - Serum ferritin in refractory anemias. AB - The relationship between the level of erythropoiesis and iron balance was evaluated in 13 subjects with idiopathic refractory anemias. Serum ferritin levels and bone marrow iron stores were increased only in those patients with ring sideroblasts, erythroid hyperplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis. The magnitude of the increase correlated with the duration of anemia and the degree of increase in the erythron iron turnover. Ferritin levels were not related to the severity of the anemia, indicating that increased iron stores did not represent a shift of iron from the erythron or an absorption response to anemia per se. It does suggest that the level of erythroid proliferation directly affects gastrointestinal iron absorption, which in time leads to iron overload. PMID- 6794293 TI - Monosomy 7 in a patient with pancytopenia and abnormal erythropoiesis. AB - In 1976, a patient with pancytopenia was found to have a population marrow cells with monosomy of chromosome 7 (45,XY,-7). Over the next 3 years he had continued abnormal hematopoiesis consisting of erythroid hyperplasia, ring sideroblasts, megaloblastic changes, and an increased proportion of myeloblasts. Sequential chromosome studies consistently showed the same abnormality without further karyotypic change. From the present study and comparable cases in the literature, there appears to be a distinct subgroup of patients with myeloproliferative disorders showing dyserythropoiesis with monosomy of deletion of chromosome 7 in the marrow cells. PMID- 6794294 TI - Chromatographic fractionation of anti-sickling agents in Fagara xanthoxyloides. AB - Fractionation of an aqueous extract of root bark from Fagara xanthoxyloides by column chromatography on DEAE-A-50, utilizing an elution gradient of pH 7.5-5.0, yielded five fractions. All fractions reversed metabisulfite-induced sickling in vitro of erythrocytes homozygous for hemoglobin S. Only the fraction containing the least anti-sickling activity also contained alkaloids. Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel and aluminum oxide revealed further molecular heterogeneity within two of the fractions. PMID- 6794296 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on the anion gap in multiple myeloma. AB - In 12 myeloma patients responding to chemotherapy (7 IgG and 5 IgA), we studied the effect on the anion gap of a 50% reduction in the serum paraprotein concentration. In contrast to the pretreatment anion gap which was decreased in IgG myeloma and increased in IgA myeloma, the value calculated when the paraprotein spike was halved showed a tendency towards normalization in the former type of myeloma, whereas it appeared as quite normalized in the latter. Our results lend further support to the conceptions that IgG and IgA paraproteins behave in the serum as cations and anions, respectively, and that serial determinations of the anion gap may be of value for monitoring the response to treatment in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6794295 TI - Influence of dianhydrogalactitol on some platelet functions in vitro. AB - Platelet-rich plasma was incubated with dianhydrogalactitol (DAG) in vitro. This moderately diminished platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and to a smaller degree by adenosine diphosphate /ADP) or collagen. The availability of platelet factor 3 induced by ADP, adrenaline or collagen was decreased irrespective of the inducer. The release of platelet factor 4 was unaffected. Reptilase clot retraction induced by ADP or collagen was slightly inhibited. Uptake of 14C serotonin was slightly decreased. Uptake of 14C-adenine was normal. Platelet adhesion onto glass was not depressed. DAG did not release lactic dehydrogenase from the cytoplasm of the platelets. Coagulation factors were not affected. PMID- 6794297 TI - Possible synthesis of pregnancy-'specific' beta-1-glycoprotein (sp1) and placenta 'specific' tissue proteins (PP10,PP12) by human and cynomolgus monkey leukocytes. AB - Using an enzyme-bridge immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique, it was revealed that pregnancy- and/or placenta-specific proteins, SP1, PP10 and PP12 were localized in human and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and PP10, in mononuclear phagocytes. There was no difference in staining results, irrespective of whether the specimens were from human or monkey males, or pregnant or nonpregnant females. The results suggest that SP1, PP10 and PP12 may be synthesized by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and/or mononuclear phagocytes and could represent markers not only for trophoblasts and some kinds of malignant neoplasms but also for normal neutrophils and/or monocytes. PMID- 6794298 TI - Meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma. AB - Meningeal involvement in multiple myeloma is a rare occurrence. We report a case of IgG myeloma with neoplastic cell infiltration into the cerebrospinal fluid as determined by a protein A plaque-forming cell assay. Electrophoresis of the cerebrospinal fluid revealed a monoclonal band in the same position as the monoclonal band in the serum. Meningeal involvement may probably be more common at the terminal stage in multiple myeloma than has been previously considered. PMID- 6794299 TI - Atypical acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3 variant): description of two cases. AB - A variant form of acute promyelocytic leukemia has been recently described, characterized by a particular morphological picture associated with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation, with hyperleukocytosis at onset in most cases, and often a rapidly fatal outcome. Reviewing our case series of the past 3 years, we have identified 2 cases which presented with this typical clinical and hematological picture, in which diagnoses have been made retrospectively. The possibility of diagnosing this variant at onset even only on the basis of cytomorphology is discussed as well as the advisability of studying a new therapeutic approach for cases of this type in a attempt to improve its otherwise very unfavorable prognosis. PMID- 6794300 TI - Preleukemia in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6794301 TI - Extensive pharyngeal hemorrhage induced by dipyridamole. AB - An extensive hemorrhage in the pharynx appeared in association with dipyridamole administration to a diabetic patient. The hemorrhage caused dysphagia and subsided when the drug was discontinued. Coagulation tests were normal except for a decreased platelet aggregation. Platelet factor 3 and the aggregation tests with adenosine diphosphate and epinephrine were abnormal during the hemorrhagic event and returned to normal after discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 6794302 TI - Homozygous form of the Pelger-Huet leukocyte anomaly in man. AB - A report on a new case of Pelger-Huet (PH) leukocyte anomaly in the homozygous form in an 18-month-old girl is presented. Clinically, the proband shows no special symptoms dependent on the leukocyte anomaly, but polydactyly affects both hands (six fingers on one hand) and feet (six toes on both feet). Her pedigree reveals the existence of three couples in which both husband and wife are heterozygous carriers of the PH anomaly. Study of the family lineage suggests that transmission of the leukocyte anomaly is prevailingly dominant in nature with complete penetration and variable expression. PMID- 6794303 TI - Effect of erythropoietin on erythropoietin-responsive cell regeneration in polycythemic mice treated with cyclophosphamide. AB - The role of erythropoietin (Ep) in the regulation erythroid committed precursor (ECP) population size was studied. Experiments were performed on polycythemic CBA mice treated with cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the 5th day after hypertransfusion. In these animals no erythropoietin-responsive cell (ERC) regeneration could be detected up to day 10 after Cy. The results obtained demonstrate that regeneration of ERC could be prompted if the test dose of Ep(2U) was preceded by daily injections of 1 U Ep. Furthermore, one injection of 5 U Ep given 72 h before Ep test does, at the time when pre-ERC were nearly completely recovered, was sufficient to stimulate ERC regeneration. At the same time hydroxyurea suicide was not changed in polycythemic mice treated with Cy and daily Ep injections as compared to control animals. The results indicate that Ep does not stimulate only the multiplication of ERC bu also progression of pre-ERC to ERC. In this way the population size of regenerating ECP is Ep dependent. PMID- 6794304 TI - Diagnostic usefulness of detecting Ia-bearing T lymphocytes in mononuclear syndromes. PMID- 6794306 TI - Hodgkin's disease and pregnancy. PMID- 6794305 TI - Warfarin treatment during pregnancy in patients with prosthetic mitral valves. PMID- 6794307 TI - N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in T chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6794308 TI - Therapeutic effect of aspirin in sickle cell anaemia. AB - This work was carried out to demonstrate the possibility of beneficial therapeutic effects of aspirin in sickle cell anaemia patients. Two groups of 50 patients each, with haemoglobin genotype SS were studied, one group receiving soluble aspirin daily for 6 weeks, while the other was used as a control. There was evidence of increase in oxygen affinity, in haemoglobin levels, and in the life span of RBC, probably due to acetylation of HbS. PMID- 6794309 TI - The biosynthesis of hemoglobin G San Jose (beta 7(A4) Glu replaced by Gly). AB - This report is concerned with the evaluation of hematological parameters and the percentage level of the abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) G San Jose as found in 4 heterozygous carriers from a family of Sicilian origin. Biosynthetic studies and in vitro recombination experiments strongly indicate that abnormal beta chains are synthesized at lower rate than beta A chains and exhibit a minor affinity (relative to beta A chains) for complementary chains in a condition of relative aA chain deficiency. The possibility that the low affinity of beta G chains for a chains may play a decisive role in controlling the level of the abnormal Hb in the peripheral blood of the present non-a-thalassemic abnormal Hb carriers is therefore discussed. PMID- 6794310 TI - Determination of serum immunoglobulins in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. IgA reduction in adult patients. PMID- 6794311 TI - Infusion of vincristine-loaded platelets in acute ITP refractory to steroids: an alternative to splenectomy. AB - Three infusions of vincristine-loaded platelets were carried out in a young man with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) refractory to steroids. This procedure, used until now only for chronic refractory ITP, insured a remission without side effects. After 2 years of follow-up the patient has not had relapse. A potentially dangerous splenectomy was thus avoided in a phase of the disease in which a spontaneous remission was still very probable. PMID- 6794312 TI - Pseudo-Pelger-Huet anomaly in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Anomalous cells of the Pelger-Huet type appear mainly in diseases affecting granulopoiesis such as myeloproliferative disorders, aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis [1]. The association of this anomaly with disorders of the lymphatic system is rare and had been described only in 1 patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia [2]. Recently we have encountered another patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acquired Pelger-Huet anomaly. PMID- 6794313 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of the plasma cells of a patient with nonsecretory myeloma and plasma cell leukemia. AB - The clinical features and the ultrastructural findings of the bone marrow and peripheral blood plasma cells of a patient with nonsecretory myeloma and acute plasma cell leukemia are described. The internal ultrastructure of the cells was characterized by invaginated nuclei, cytoplasmic filaments and scanty endoplasmic reticulum. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed the presence of numerous membranal buddings giving the cells a grape-like appearance. The relationship of the morphological findings to the function of the plasma cells is discussed. PMID- 6794314 TI - Transmission and scanning electron microscopic study peripheral blood immunoblasts of a splenectomized patient. AB - A 32-year-old patient, known to suffer from paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, developed a marked immunoblastic reaction in the peripheral blood and bone marrow following pneumonia and pericarditis, most probably of viral origin. Transmission electron microscopic examination showed cells with irregular nucleus, scarce heterochromatin and well-developed Golgi formation. The surface ultrastructure examined with a scanning electron microscope was characterized by the presence of ridges, ruffles and blebs on the cell membrane. Since the patient underwent splenectomy 23 years prior, the possible role of the spleen in the removal of the immunoblasts from the peripheral blood of patients with viral infections is discussed. PMID- 6794315 TI - Solitary plasmocytoma of the vagina. AB - A 78-year-old woman with a plasmocytoma of the vagina is described. The diagnosis monoclonal IgG kappa-producing plasma cell tumour was based on immunohistochemical studies. Careful screening for other localizations including immunofluorescence of the bone marrow aspirate and in methyl-methacrylate embedded bone marrow biopsy specimen, yielded no evidence in favour of a multiple myeloma. To our knowledge only 5 patients with plasmocytoma of the vagina were previously reported, but only in the present case extensive immunohistochemical studies of tumour, bone marrow and blood were performed. PMID- 6794316 TI - Lymphocyte transformation in competent and in immunodepressed individuals. 3 ways of results presentation. AB - Lymphocytes from 107 healthy individuals and 34 patients with lung cancer were cultured and stimulated with PHA. Wide variation in lymphocyte transformation reactivity was observed, ranging from significantly low responses to high blastogenesis. Low spontaneous blastogenic responses were not always associated with a simultaneous decrease in PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation in the same individuals. The results are presented by the (disintegrations per minute) values of the stimulated and nonstimulated cultures and by the stimulation index. A new index termed the Blastogenic Cumulative Index is proposed. It is defined as the sum of the logarithms of the values of the spontaneous and the PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation. A better relationship was observed in immunocompetent and in immunodepressed individuals between the dpm values and Cumulative Indices than between the dpm and the Stimulation Indices. PMID- 6794317 TI - Influence of the spleen on the blood distribution of the colony-forming cells (CFU-C) in man. AB - The incidence of the blood committed granulocyte progenitor cells (CFU-C) before and after epinephrine administration has been studied in 10 normal, 16 splenomegalic and 8 splenectomized subjects through a double-layer agar culture system. A significant increase of the mean values of CFU-C per milliliter of blood has been observed after epinephrine administration in normal and in splenomegalic subjects. In splenectomized patients the baseline mean values of CFU-C per milliliter of blood were higher than those observed in the other groups of subjects, but they did not increase after epinephrine infusion. The concentration of CFU-C per 10(6) total blood leukocytes was the same in all three groups of subjects and it was not modified by epinephrine administration. Our results seem to indicate that the CFU-C are distributed in two blood compartments, the spleen representing an important section of the marginal compartment of the blood CFU-C. PMID- 6794318 TI - Creatine in density-fractionated red cells, a useful indicator of erythropoietic dynamics and of hypoxia past and present. AB - Creatine in density-fractionated red cells is not only a useful criterion of cell age but also an excellent indicator of erythropoietic dynamics particularly under the influence of present and past hypoxia. This is documented on patients with cardiac hypoxia. A histogram is proposed which permits the simultaneous evaluation of four parameters: (1) the creatine concentration of each separate fraction, (2) the absolute density of a given cell fraction, (3) the percentage distribution of cells over the whole gradient and within the different fractions and (4) the general position of the red cell population with respect to its median density, which serves to characterize the overall age of a red cell population. Creatine histograms on fractionated red cells are shown to be useful aids for diagnosis and prognosis in hypoxic clinical states. They may also give retrograde information on past stimulation of erythropoiesis. PMID- 6794319 TI - Delayed decrease in serum ferritin in polytransfused children with thalassemia major after continuous subcutaneous infusions of desferrioxamine. AB - A longitudinal study has been conducted on serum ferritin concentrations in children with thalassemia major treated with desferrioxamine (DFO), both intramuscularly and by continuous subcutaneous infusion, in order to evaluate the time interval after which iron chelation becomes effective. In a first group of 19 children, treated intramuscularly with DFO at a dose of 20 mg/kg for 20 days a month, ferritin levels were followed for 739 days and a progressive increase with a significant linear correlation with time was seen. The daily increase was calculated to be 8.53 +/- 1.95 ng/ml. In the second group of 12 children treated with DFO by continuous subcutaneous infusion (greater than or equal to 20 mg/kg/day for 6 days a week), the increase in ferritin was markedly lower, the mean daily value being 4.77 +/- 3.30 ng/ml. Only after the first 360 days of treatment did the serum ferritin decrease, by 1.95 +/- 3.32 ng/ml/day, in spite of a mean daily iron contribution from blood transfusions of 7.09 +/- 2.69 mg/day. These changes in serum ferritin led us to conclude that one can only expect to obtain a decrease in the body's iron overload after more than a year of treatment with subcutaneous DFO. PMID- 6794321 TI - [Study on the effects of hormones on the generation of experimental ovarian tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794320 TI - [Factor VIII complex activities in acute leukemia]. AB - Factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C), factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:AG) and von Willebrand factor activity (ristocetin cofactor, VIII:WF) were estimated in plasma from 37 patients with acute leukaemia. Of 25 patients in the active state of the disease, before or during cytostatic treatment, 19 (76%) showed abnormally high VIIIR:AG levels, between 240 and 780 U/100 ml. Fifteen of them also had elevated VIII:C and VIII:WF (184--480 U/100 ml and 182--360 U/100 ml respectively). The ratio of VIIIR:AG to VIII:C in this group of patients ranged from 0.53 to 4.39 with a mean of 1.35 +/- 0.8. Of 12 patients in partial or complete remission, only 3 (25%) had elevated VIIIR:AG. Four other patients showed high levels of VIII:C and normal values for VIIIR:AG and VIII:WF. The ratio of VIIIR:AG to VIII:C in the patients during remission ranged from 0.46 to 2.86 with a mean of 0.98 +/- 0.7. No relationship was apparent between the factor VIII-related activities and cytochemical type of leukaemia or leucocyte count in peripheral blood. Crossed antigen-antibody electrophoresis of factor VIII protein which was performed in 5 patients with high levels of VIIIR:AG turned up to be completely normal. In the vast majority of patients, plasma fibrinogen and serum fibrinogen degradation products were within the normal range. PMID- 6794322 TI - [Productivity of tuberculin on Sauton culture medium and modified Sauton culture medium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794323 TI - Simultaneous computer-calculated carbon dioxide and oxygen direct Fick and dye dilution measurements of cardiac output in dogs. AB - Cardiac output was measured by both indocyanine green dye dilution and the direct Fick method using computer-calculated values for oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide excretion in eight mechanically ventilated dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital, with either tubocurarine or succinylcholine intravenous drip for neuromuscular relaxation. Sequential measurements were made during the anesthesia and in response to pharmacologically induced increased cardiac output using doxapram hydrochloride (1.5 mg/kg) given intravenously. The purpose of this project was to investigate the accuracy and reliability of the direct Fick measurements during anesthesia using computer-calculated measurements of pulmonary gas exchange and, since, these measurements have not been reported in detail previously, to establish tentative control values for future projects. The correlation of dye and direct Fick measurements of cardiac output during the first hour after induction of anesthesia was very good (r = 0.85 for all dye carbon dioxide Fick values; r = 0.83 for all dye-oxygen Fick values. PMID- 6794324 TI - Computer-calculated pulmonary carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange in human subjects during general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation. AB - Computer calculation of minute-by-minute and breath-by-breath values for carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2) and oxygen consumption (VO2) in human subjects during general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation were obtained with position changes and after drug administration to demonstrate a method for monitoring pulmonary gas exchange. A modified response to the intravenous injection of doxapram hydrochloride was observed in 12 patients with pancuronium bromide neuromuscular relaxation when they were compared with 12 patients who had been tubocurarine. The data included representative values for VCO2 and VO2 measured simultaneously in normal women after 1-2 h of balanced nitrous oxide-oxygen-fentanyl anesthesia with muscular relaxation and mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6794325 TI - Pulmonary hemodynamics during direct diagnostic laryngoscopy. AB - Acute changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics, together with blood gas changes, were recorded during diagnostic laryngoscopy for biopsy. Laryngoscopy was performed under general anesthesia, and two groups of patients were studied, one was ventilated intermittently, the other had controlled ventilation through an endotracheal tube. PaCO2 rose in both groups, but only in the intermittently ventilated patients did the PaCO2 values increase above normal levels. No significant difference in cardiovascular response was found between the two groups. Significant changes were: increases in mean arterial pressure, pulmonary arterial mean pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and central venous pressure. The increases reached a maximum during the laryngoscopic procedure and returned towards control values when the laryngoscope was removed. Systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance remained unchanged. The rises in PaCO2 and sympathetic stimulation are believed to the the man causes for the observed hemodynamic changes. PMID- 6794326 TI - Antithrombotic effects of lidocaine and related compounds on laser-induced microvascular injury. AB - The aim was to study whether topically applied local anaesthetics and related compounds exert an antithrombotic effect. The assay was carried out through vital microscopy of the microcirculation in the hamster cheek pouch model as injured by laser microbeam irradiation, essentially in order to record the differences in the incidence of thrombus formation between two main experimental and control series. The application of lidocaine hydrochloride was found to inhibit thrombus formation and also to restore the microcirculation after laser-induced injury. The other investigated compounds, mono-ethyl-glycinexylidide, tocainide and bupivacaine were found to be less active with regard to inhibition of thrombus formation and flow restitution effects. It is concluded that an antithrombotic effect may be attributed to lidocaine in particular. PMID- 6794327 TI - Comparative study on the circulatory and respiratory effects of buprenorphine and methadone. AB - A comparative study on the effects on circulation and respiration of buprenorphine and methadone was performed on a group of four healthy volunteers in a double blind way. Both drugs were given by continuous slow i.v. infusion. Before and after administration of the drugs, the subjects breathed in an open, resp. closed system, gas mixtures of 50% O2 / 50% N2 resp. 50% O2 / 43% N2 / 7% CO2. After each breathing/rebreathing period pupil diameters were measured photographically. The effects on respiration were calculated as shifts in vol. % CO2 necessary to obtain a standard respiratory minute volume. Analysis of variance showed a dose-independent inhibition of respiration of buprenorphine and a dose-dependent inhibition of methadone. Both drugs caused a weakly dose dependent miosis. There were no significant dose-dependent effects on circulation and both drugs caused a similar side effect profile. PMID- 6794329 TI - [Inverse or reverse reaction (current point)]. PMID- 6794328 TI - [Apparently paradoxical or unnoticed manifestations in relapses]. PMID- 6794330 TI - [Significance of the current classification and of concepts of its development in the area of comprehension of neuritis]. PMID- 6794331 TI - [Primacy of immunologic derangement over the immunopathologic changes and hemodynamic disorders in Hansenian neuritis]. PMID- 6794332 TI - [Clinical differences of the 2 principal types of Hansenian peripheral neuritis]. PMID- 6794333 TI - [Degradation of the borderline forms toward the l pole in west Africa]. PMID- 6794334 TI - [Re-evaluation of anti-Hansenian chemotherapy by long-term study and by experimental and pharmacokinetic criteria]. PMID- 6794335 TI - [Current practical management in Hansenian neuritis]. PMID- 6794336 TI - Immunochemical characterization of immunoglobulins and viral antibodies synthesized within the central nervous system in patients with multiple sclerosis and controls. PMID- 6794337 TI - Serotype determinant protein of Neisseria Meningitidis. Large scale preparation by direct detergent treatment of the bacterial cells. AB - Neisseria meningitidis Group B microorganisms, inactivated with phenol and harvested by centrifugation, were subjected to direct treatment with various detergents to solubilize the serotype determinant proteins localized in the outer membrane. Analysis of the data showed that extraction of the cells with detergents provided yields of the serotype protein substantially exceeding those obtained by simple salt extraction of the bacteria. Routinely, more than 2 mg of end product per g of cell mass (wet weight) may be recovered by the present method. By gel chromatographic analysis, the serotype determinant protein was shown to interact with the capsular polysaccharides derived from Group A or C Neisseria meningitidis microorganisms, forming high molecular weight complexes. This interaction markedly enhanced the solubility of the serotype determinant protein. Combined vaccines of the type-specific protein with the group- specific polysaccharides were evaluated for their immunogenic potential in the subcutaneous steel spring implant model. In guinea pigs, amounts corresponding to 10 micrograms completely prevented infection upon challenge with homologous organisms four weeks after immunization. Partial protection was observed with immunizing doses corresponding to 2 micrograms or 0.4 micrograms/animal, respectively. Compared to lyophilized preparations, vaccines adsorbed to a mineral carrier were slightly less effective in inducing protection, whereas inclusion of Bordetella pertussis as a component of the vaccine stimulated the immune response. PMID- 6794338 TI - Effect of folate deficiency on the digestive and absorptive functions of intestinal epithelium in rats. AB - The effect of folate deficiency, induced by a folate deficient diet, on the digestive and absorptive functions of the intestinal epithelium in rats has been investigated. The intestinal uptake of D-glucose and L-alanine and the brush border sucrase, lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities were considerably depressed in folate deficient animals compared to the control group. Kinetic studies with brush border sucrase in control and deficient animals revealed that reduced levels of the enzyme in folate deficiency are due to a reduced number of enzyme molecules. There was no change in activity of lactate-dehydrogenase in enterocytes of folate deficient rats. PMID- 6794339 TI - Vesicourachal diverticulum: CT diagnosis in two adults. PMID- 6794340 TI - Hypoxic radioprotection by temporary intestinal ischemia: degradable starch microsphere embolization in the cat. AB - Temporary small intestinal ischemia was induced by mesenteric arteriolar embolization of degradable starch microspheres in cats. During ischemia, the small intestine received a surface dose of 7 Gy 200 kV x-ray irradiation. One group of animals also had received 7 Gy to the intact abdomen 72 hr earlier. The risk of thrombosis in small intestinal vessels during or after starch microsphere induced ischemia combined with irradiation was evaluated by monitoring superior mesenteric arterial blood flow, by determination of blood platelets, fibrinogen, and factor VIII consumed across the mesenteric vascular bed, and by histologic examination of small intestinal vessels. Vascular integrity was inferred from intact response to isoproterenol and vasopressin after the combined trauma of ischemia and irradiation. No signs of thrombosis were detected in small intestinal vessels after temporary ischemia and irradiation. Hypoxic radioprotection of the small intestine in the cat can thus be achieved by mesenteric arterial microembolization of degradable starch spheres without evidence of thrombotic complications of significant vascular damage. PMID- 6794341 TI - Effects of levamisole on the tuberculin test. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of Levamisole to stimulate delayed tuberculin cutaneous hypersensitivity in malnourished and eutrophic infants who in spite of having been given BCG at birth, repeatedly failed to react to Mantoux intradermo-reaction. Leucocyte, lymphocyte and RFC counts, and blast cell transformation tests with PHA, BCG and AT were carried out at the beginning of the study, and every 4 weeks over a 4 month period. Tuberculin conversion occurred in 60% of the well-nourished and in 58% of the malnourished infants. Between the second to fourth months of treatment, 64% of the cases of PCM reached normal nutritional conditions, while 18% showed only fair recovery. The restoration of BCG-BCTT and AT-BCTT occurred before or during the cutaneous tuberculin reaction in both malnourished and well-nourished infants. Confirmation of the new chemical agent as being directly responsible for tuberculin conversion is difficult with the methods currently available. The positive reactions may be a consequence of the improvement observed in the weight-height parameters. PMID- 6794342 TI - Designing interactive materials for cost-effective learning. PMID- 6794343 TI - Cross-sectional and longitudinal nutritional measurements in maintenance hemodialysis patients. AB - Fifty-eight nondiabetic maintenance hemodialysis patients entered a continuing nutrition survey. Eighteen were followed at 6 and 18 months. Protein-calorie malnutrition was measured by diet survey, laboratory data, and anthropometric measurements. Of patients 50% ate less proteins/calories than prescribed. Triceps skinfold thickness, transferrin, and total lymphocyte count were subnormal in 72, 81, and 69% of patients, respectively. Weight/height ratio, body mass index, arm muscle circumference, and serum albumin were normal in most. Of the patients 62% had greater than three subnormal nutrition measurements. Only two had all measures normal. Longitudinally there was little change in the patients followed up to 18 months. The study shows that protein-calorie malnutrition is widespread in stable maintenance hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6794344 TI - Effect of renutrition on humoral and cell-mediated immunity in severely malnourished children. AB - Forty-three Colombian children suffering from either kwashiorkor (21), combined protein-calorie malnutrition (11), or maramus (11) were hospitalized and provided a high protein, high calorie diet for 4 to 5 wk. Improvement in clinical and nutritional status was accompanied by significant increases in levels of serum immunoglobulins G and M and C3 complement and by significant decreases in serum immunoglobulin A concentrations, especially in infants with kwashiorkor. Skin test reactions to purified protein derivative and candidin improved during renutrition. Lymphocyte blastogenesis after stimulation in vitro with phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen increased rapidly during hospitalization. After 1 yr posttreatment, cell-mediated immune responses, both in vivo and in vitro, had diminished. These results indicate that some aspects of the immune response are affected to a different degree in kwashiorkor, maramus, and combined malnutrition. Short-term nutritional rehabilitation has a differential effect on the long-term restoration of various aspects of immunity. PMID- 6794345 TI - Incorporation of [14C]-leucine into complement in experimental infection of rats in malnourished stages. AB - The complement biosynthesis was examined in the first complement response, that is at the stage of elevated complement level 3 days after Staphylococcus aureus infection, since this elevation might play a role in host defence before antibody response. [14C]-leucine was used as a labeled amino acid to examine the de novo synthesis of the complement. In the first complement response, the malnourished rats red with 0.5% protein, both in infection and noninfection groups, showed a significantly higher specificity in newly synthesized complement activity than did the rats in the well-nourished group fed with 18% protein. The infected rats showed much higher rates of de novo synthesis of complement activity than noninfected rats and this effect was more predominant in the malnourished group. PMID- 6794346 TI - An in vitro method for estimation of iron availability from meals. AB - An in vitro method for estimating food iron availability is described. The method involves simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by measurement of soluble, low molecular weight iron. Mixtures of foods (meals) were homogenized and exposed to pepsin at pH 2. Dialysis was used to adjust the pH to intestinal levels and digestion was continued after the addition of pancreatin and bile salts. Iron from the digestion mixture which diffused across a 6 to 8000 molecular weight cutoff semipermeable membrane was used as an indicator of available iron. Results were similar when intrinsic food iron or added extrinsic radioiron was measured. Availability estimates were made on meals formulated to contain known iron availability enhancing and inhibiting factors. Relative availabilities determined for a series of meals containing ascorbic acid, eggs, orange juice, tea, coffee, cola, or whole wheat bread show that the method accurately reflects actual food iron availability. PMID- 6794347 TI - Home enteral and parenteral nutritional support: a comparison. AB - Eighteen patients requiring intensive outpatient nutritional support were prospectively reviewed to compare the application of enteral and parenteral approaches. Nine patients received home enteral nutritional support (HEN) for a period of 2 to 15 months via Micro Feeding jejunostomy (MFJ) tubes. The other nine patients received home parenteral nutritional support (HPN) for a period of 3 of 32 months via Broviac catheters. The nine patients on HEN for a period of 2 to 15 months had a mean increase in weight, tricep skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, and serum albumin of 9.9 kg (p less than 0.001), 2.5 mm (p less than 0.01), 3.7 cm (p less than 0.05), and 0.73 g/dl (p less than 0.02), respectively. One patient suffered accidental loss of the MFJ tube; otherwise there were no significant complications. The nine patients on HPN for a period of 3 to 32 months had a mean increase in weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, and serum albumin of 8.5 kg (p less than .001), 3.5 mm (p less than 0.05), 3.4 cm (p less than 0.05), and 1.09 g/dl (p less than 0.001), respectively. Three patients each experienced one episode of catheter sepsis. These complications were far more serious than arising from the MFJ tube. In addition, the average cost of HPN was found to be 10 to 20 times greater than that of HEN. It is concluded that HEN should be selected over HPN as the course of therapy in all possible cases and that the MFJ tube is a safe, useful, and cost-effective approach. PMID- 6794348 TI - A programable calculator system for the estimation of nutritional intake of hospital patients. AB - The estimation of nutritional intake of hospital patients is made laborious because of the multiplicity of proprietary feeding products. A programable calculator-based system to estimate intake from oral, enteral, and intravenous sources is described. The system is portable, accurate, and rapid and can be used easily by nondietary personnel. A retrospective study using the system found that actual nutritional intake was 20% or more below the prescribed intake for over half of 14 patients under the care of a Nutritional Support Team. It is suggested that frequent and rapid assessment of actual daily nutritional intakes using a system such as this can improve nutritional care and allow more efficient utilization of Nutritional Support Service personnel. PMID- 6794350 TI - Metabolism of trans fatty acids with emphasis on the effects of trans, trans octadecadienoate on lipid composition, essential fatty acid, and prostaglandins: an overview. AB - Information concerning the metabolism of trans isomers of dietary unsaturated fatty acids is presented. Dietary trans-octadecenoic and trans,trans octadecadienoic acids are apparently absorbed, activated, oxidized, and acylated into ester lipids much like saturated fatty acids although differences have been observed with regard to their metabolism by different organs. Because of the important role of linoleic acid as the principal precursor of cyclic endoperoxides, prostaglandins and leukotrienes, the potential deleterious effects of trans isomers of this acid are discussed. High levels of dietary trans,trans lineoleate can impair delta 6 desaturase activity and decrease prostaglandin production in rats on experimental diets. PMID- 6794349 TI - Trichotillometry: the quantitation of hair pluckability as a method of nutritional assessment. AB - In protein-calorie malnutrition, particularly kwashiorkor, ease of hair pluckability is frequently observed. In an attempt to quantitate this manifestation of the disease a calibrated mechanical instrument, referred to as a trichotillometer, was devised and used to determine the force required to epilate individual hairs in 17 adult hospitalized patients with evidence of protein calorie malnutrition and in 16 well-nourished patients. Nutritional status was examined by measuring body weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, serum albumin, lymphocyte count, hematocrit, beta-carotene, vitamin nutriture, and hair shaft diameter. Average epilation force was significantly lower in the malnourished patients than in the well nourished group (17.0 g +/- 11.8 versus 38.2 g +/- 11.4, p less than 0.001), with the lowest mean value found in patients categorized as having kwashiorkor (14.8 g). Plucking force correlated significantly and positively with serum albumin, hair shaft diameter, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, weight, hematocrit, beta carotene; it did not correlate with vitamin status. In order to determine the effect of acute stress on epilation force a subgroup of 18 patients was evaluated before and 1 and 4 days after surgery. Within this time interval epilation force was not significantly altered by the stress of surgery. PMID- 6794351 TI - Neutrophil bipolar shape formation in whole blood. A simple and rapid method for the assessment of neutrophil leukocyte responsiveness. AB - The described procedure permits assessment of the neutrophil shape change response to formyl-methionyl peptides added directly to EDTA anticoagulated whole blood. Response is monitored by counting the resultant number of "bipolar" neutrophil forms present on stained blood films. The preparation of monolayer blood films with a blood "spinner" facilitates uniform sample analysis. Time- and dose-response relationships for neutrophil bipolar shape formation (BSF) agree with data reported for other neutrophil response measurements. No significant change in leukocyte or platelet counts occurred after the addition of control or stimulatory agents to whole blood, nor did 90 min aging of freshly collected blood samples appear to influence the BSF response. In a study of hospitalized patients, BSF values were generally similar in those patients with normal or elevated leukocyte counts, while significantly decreased BSF was observed in leukopenic patients. A significant rise in BSF was detected as patient absolute neutrophil counts increased from a normal to an elevated range. When compared with a control group, the distribution of BSF response values for patients was significantly different. The simple and rapid measurement of BSF in whole blood might facilitate clinical assessment of neutrophil responsiveness, by eliminating many of the difficulties associated with neutrophil isolation. PMID- 6794352 TI - Serum C1q concentrations in rheumatic disorders. Early normalization during treatment of immunologically-mediated vasculitis. AB - Serum C1q concentrations were studied in 78 patients with definite and classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). No correlation could be made either with disease activity, with erythrocyte sedimentation rate or with rheumatoid factor titers. In contrast to these findings in RA, however, serial determinations of this complement component were of value in predicting the response to therapy in four patients with immunologically-mediated vasculitis. Initially both C1q and C3 were depressed in two patients with SLE, one with cryoglobulinemic purpura and one with HbsAg-positive serum sickness, each with acute vasculitis. Sequential studies following the institution of treatment showed in each case that C1q returned to normal while C3 remained low. These observations suggest that analysis of serum C1q is preferable to C3 in these disorders when used to predict clinical change and the response to treatment. PMID- 6794353 TI - The cation problem and susceptibility testing. PMID- 6794354 TI - Rocket immunoelectrophoresis of C4 and C4d. A simple sensitive method for detecting complement activation in plasma. AB - Activation of complement component C4 has recently been measured by the quantitation of C4 and C4d (a cleavage fragment of C4) by electroimmunodiffusion in gels containing specific precipitating antibodies for C4 and C4d (Rocket immunoelectrophoresis, RIE). Quantitative measurements of the complement component C4 and its fragment C4d were determined in rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) and compared with measurements of total hemolytic complement activity (CH50) or concentrations of C4 as determined by single radial immunodiffusion (RID). This newly developed RIE assay shows activation of the classical complement pathway and involves electroimmunodiffusion in gels containing specific precipitating antibodies for C4 and its cleavage fragment, C4d. In 37 plasma samples, excellent correlation was demonstrated between the C4 in RIE and CH50 (r = .70) and C4 by RID (r = .87). In vivo activation of C4 was determined by measuring the ratio of C4d to C4; 21 of the plasma samples assayed had ratios greater than 1.1 indicating activation of C4. In 13 of the plasma samples there were correspondingly low CH50 values, whereas 8 had normal CH50 levels. Therefore, activation can be detected in those instances when other measurements (CH50 and C4 quantitation) are normal. Thus the RIE assay for plasma C4 activation appears to be the most sensitive method available for assessing in vivo activation of the classical pathway of complement. PMID- 6794355 TI - Diagnosis of myeloproliferative disease by analysis of the platelet volume distribution. AB - Analysis of platelet volume distribution curves was performed on whole blood specimens from patients with myeloproliferative disease, reactive thrombocytosis, and a control group. Estimates of the mean platelet volume and megathrombocyte index were made using either the maximum height or the area under the curve. Also, a lognormal curve was fitted to the data, providing a measure of the dispersion and another estimate of the mean platelet volume. An index expression the breadth of the distribution was derived from the ratio of megathrombocyte index to estimated mean volume. The control and reactive thrombocytosis groups were indistinguishable except for mean platelet count. The mean platelet volume and megathrombocyte index did not provide a useful separation of the myeloproliferative disease group from the other, however their ratios, when considered together with the dispersion of the distribution, enabled a distinction to be made in most cases. Thus, analysis of the platelet volume distribution is useful in detecting the presence of myeloproliferative disease. PMID- 6794356 TI - Tricuspid valve regurgitation and lithium carbonate toxicity in a newborn infant. AB - A newborn with massive tricuspid regurgitation, atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, and a high serum lithium level is described. This is the first patient to initially manifest tricuspid regurgitation and atrial flutter, and the 11th described patient with cardiac disease among infants exposed to lithium compounds in the first trimester of pregnancy. Sixty-three percent of these infants had tricuspid valve involvement. Lithium carbonate may be a factor in the increasing incidence of congenital heart disease when taken during early pregnancy. It also causes neurologic depression, cyanosis, and cardiac arrhythmia when consumed prior to delivery. PMID- 6794357 TI - Acute zinc deficiency in a premature infant after bowel resection and intravenous alimentation. PMID- 6794358 TI - Radiologic patterns of the sternum in Noonan's syndrome with congenital heart defect. PMID- 6794359 TI - Isovalericacidemia appearing as diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6794360 TI - Rhabdomyolysis in diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6794361 TI - Biochemical characterization of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency: heterogeneity within the bio genetic complementation group. AB - Three biotin-dependent enzymes, pyruvate carboxylase (PC), propionyl CoA carboxylase (PCC), and beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase (beta MCC), were biochemically characterized in fibroblasts from two patients with neonatal multiple carboxylase deficiency. Genetic complementation analyses indicated that both cell lines, designated lines 1 and 2, were deficient in the various carboxylase activities and belonged to the bio complementation group. The activities of the three carboxylases became normal when line 2 cells were incubated in medium supplemented with biotin (1 mg/l) for 24 hrs, whereas 4-6 days were required to achieve maximum activities of PC, PCC, and beta MCC (57%, 46%, and 29% of mean normal enzyme activity, respectively) in line 1 cells incubated in medium containing up to 10 mg/1 biotin. Furthermore, PC activity in line 2 continued to increase under apparent gluconeogenic conditions in culture, but not in line 1. Thermostability studies suggested that biotin stabilizes PC and beta MCC in both cell lines. PC in line 1 cells incubated with or without biotin was less stable than that in normal or line 2 cells, and the less than normal increase of enzyme activities in line 1, especially that of PC, may represent incomplete biotination. These results indicate that there is biochemical heterogeneity within the bio complementation group. Immunotitration with antibodies prepared against purified pig heart PCC demonstrated normal quantities of cross-reacting material in both lines and no differences in the amount of this material after incubation with supplemental biotin, despite the seven- to 20-fold increase in PCC activity. Thus, the increase in carboxylase activity in both bio lines appears to represent activation of rpe-existing apocarboxylase rather than de novo enzyme synthesis. The primary defect in this form of multiple carboxylase deficiency may be in a common holocarboxylase synthetase or in biotin transport. If the defect is in the synthetase, the differences noted between the two bio lines could be explained by a difference in the enzyme's Km for biotin. PMID- 6794362 TI - A shared cryoglobulin antigen in familial cryoglobulinemia. AB - Ten members of 3 generations of a family have IgM-IgG cryoglobulins and rheumatoid factors in their sera; one additional member has rheumatoid factor but not cryoglobulins. The disorder occurs in an autosomal dominant pattern. Here we describe an antigen, first identified on the cryoglobulin IgM of the index case, which is present in the sera of all 11 members of this kindred with rheumatoid factor. This antigen has the serologic properties of an IgM rheumatoid factor idiotype. PMID- 6794363 TI - Monitoring protein requirements of the patient receiving hemodialysis and total parenteral nutrition. AB - A method of determining nitrogen balance in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and hemodialysis was evaluated. Daily nitrogen intake (NI), pre- and postdialysis weight, BUN, and creatinine values were determined. Urea nitrogen accumulation (UNA) was calculated as the increase in total body urea nitrogen (g) between two consecutive hemodialysis procedures. Urea-nitrogen accumulation was substituted for urine urea-nitrogen excretion in the nitrogen balance formula, and nitrogen balance was estimated as NI minus UNA. The results from eight patients were evaluated separately based on the TPN formulations administered. Group 1 received solutions containing 15 g of amino acids and 350 g of dextrose. Group 2 received solutions with 42.5 g of amino acids and 350 g of dextrose. The nitrogen intake of Group 2 (9.4 +/- 4.4 g/day, mean +/- S.D.) was greater than Group 1 (2.3 +/- 1.2 g/day), but the UNA was approximately the same for both groups (10.6 +/- 6.5 and 9.8 +/- 7.9 g/day for Groups 2 and 1, respectively). Nitrogen balance estimates for Group 2 (-0.9 +/- 8.4 g/day) were greater than for Group 1 (-7.4 +/- 7.1 g/day) with four of the seven patients in Group 2 and none of the patients in Group 1 achieving a positive nitrogen balance. The rate of rise of BUN (19 mg/dl/day) was the same for both groups. By using estimated nitrogen balance values and changes in BUN levels and BUN-to creatinine ratios, nitrogen use by patients receiving both TPN and hemodialysis can be monitored and adequate doses of amino acids can be provided. PMID- 6794364 TI - Standardized versus pharmacist-monitored individualized parenteral nutrition in low-birth-weight infants. AB - The clinical contribution and cost effectiveness of pharmacist involvement in peripheral-vein total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in a neonatal intensive-care unit was studied. Fourteen neonates who received a standardized TPN solution without pharmacist monitoring (Group 1) were compared with 14 neonates who received an individualized TPN solution with pharmacist monitoring (Group 2). Infants were excluded from the study if they received oral feeding, or TPN for less than five days, or were fluid-restricted. No significant difference in mean gestational age, birth weight, gestational size, age at initiation of therapy, duration of therapy, or daily amount of fluid administered was found between the two groups. The mean weight gain in Group 1 (4.9 g/day) was significantly less than in Group 2 (11.8 g/day) (p less than 0.02). The amount of protein provided to Group 2 (2.2 g/kg/day) was significantly greater than to Group 1 (1.9 g/kg/day) (p less than 0.01). The number of calories provided per day was greater for Group 2 (63 kcal/kg/day) than for Group 1 (53 kcal/kg/day) (p less than 0.001). When only those infants who received lipids were analyzed, Group 2 received significantly more lipid (2.0 g/kg/day) than group 1 (1.5 g/kg/day) (p less than 0.001). The mean daily cost was greater for Group 2; however, when cost was related to efficacy, Group-2 cost per gram of weight gain was lower than Group-1 cost. Pharmacist monitoring of an individualized program of TPN in neonates provided a greater mean daily weight gain, allowed a greater amount of nutrients to be provided, and was cost effective compared with the use of a standardized solution without pharmacist monitoring. PMID- 6794365 TI - Effects of food on valproic acid absorption. AB - The effect of food on valproic acid absorption was investigated in a randomized, cross-over study with eight subjects. Two 250-mg soft-gelatin capsules of valproic acid were administered to the participants under fasting and nonfasting conditions. The time of peak serum concentration, height of the peak concentration, and total area under the curve were determined and compared by the Student's t test for paired data. The time to attain a peak serum concentration was significantly delayed (p less than 0.005) from the 1.6 hours during fasting conditions to four hours after a standard meal. A statistically insignificant trend toward lower peak serum concentrations (54.6 micrograms/ml versus 49.4 micrograms/ml) was found under the nonfasting conditions. This trend becomes significant if the data of one subject who exercised before taking the drug are eliminated. The area under the curve was not different between the two conditions. The administration of the drug with food did not significantly alter the volume of distribution, half-life, or elimination constant. No clinically important interaction resulted from the administration of valproic acid with food. If a patient experiences gastrointestinal side effects with valproic acid, the patient may be advised to take the drug with food. PMID- 6794366 TI - Pharmacy program to reduce parenteral nutrition costs. PMID- 6794367 TI - The Elephant Man. PMID- 6794368 TI - The question of hypertelorism in oculodentoosseous dysplasia. PMID- 6794369 TI - Familial cutaneous amyloidosis with systemic manifestations in males. AB - We describe a family in which two males and seven females have brown pigmentation of the skin. In the females, the type and distribution of the pigmentation mimicked incontinentia pigmenti; in the males, the pattern was reticulate. The histological appearance was the same in both sexes with amyloid deposits in the papillary dermis, melanin in the basal layer, and slight hyperkeratosis. The females were otherwise normal. Both males had thrived poorly as infants but had survived. One had severe gastroenteritis with blood in the stools starting at the age of three weeks followed by seizures, hemiplegia, and developmental delay; the other had recurrent pneumonia throughout life, a urethral stricture, inguinal herniae, and near-blindness from amyloid deposition in the cornea. Five other males in the family had had severe illnesses. Two died of pneumonia by three months. One died at three months from colitis. Both remaining boys had colitis as infants, failed to thrive, and developed recurrent pneumonia from which one died at three years. We think all of these relatives had the same disease carried by a single gene with pleiotropic effects. The most likely form of inheritance is X linked. PMID- 6794370 TI - Differential diagnosis of hydrops fetalis. AB - Apart from isoimmunization, a number of conditions may present as hydrops fetalis and now account for a large proportion of hydropic infants. A large differential diagnosis must be considered when investigating the hydropic fetus and placenta while in utero, in the neonatal period, and at autopsy. An investigative protocol is proposed. PMID- 6794371 TI - Ocular ergotamine tartrate toxicity during treatment of Vacor-induced orthostatic hypotension. AB - A 20-year-old woman developed severe orthostatic hypotension after attempting suicide by ingesting the rodenticide, Vacor. Oral ergotamine tartrate, 6 mg a day, was useful in treating the orthostatic hypotension. However, a bilateral toxic retinal vasculopathy, consisting of a severe generalized vasoconstriction and mild macular edema, occurred within three weeks. Additional findings were an extinguished electroretinogram and a reduced dark-adaptation retinal sensitivity; because we performed these two tests after instituting ergotamine therapy we do not know whether to attribute their abnormal results to Vacor toxicity, ergotamine toxicity, or a combination of the two. PMID- 6794372 TI - Pseudomonas corneal ulcers associated with soft contact-lens wear. AB - Seven Pseudomonas corneal ulcers in six patients were associated with soft contact-lens wear and use of saline solutions prepared from distilled water and sodium chloride tablets. The same species of Pseudomonas isolated from the corneal ulcers were also isolated from the home-prepared saline and in one instance from the water used to prepare the saline solution. In three of the six patients, the pseudomonad isolated from the corneal ulcer was of the same serotype and biochemically identical to the pseudomonad from the patients' saline solution. Commercially available distilled water, even brands recommended for use with soft contact lenses, was found to be contaminated with gram-negative bacteria before use. Clinical histories disclosed that all patients inappropriately used the home-prepared saline as a wetting agent, or eyedrop, or bath, after thermal disinfection of the contact lens. Self-inoculation of the eye with contaminated saline is a hazard for soft contact-lens wearers who use home prepared saline solution. PMID- 6794373 TI - Neurofibromatosis associated with nevus of Ota and choroidal melanoma. PMID- 6794374 TI - Guinea pig Hageman factor as a vascular permeability enhancement factor. AB - Hageman factor was purified from guinea pig plasma by successive column chromatography. The guinea pig Hageman factor appeared homogeneous as a single chain protein on polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and beta-mercaptoethanol. The apparent molecular weight was 76,000 daltons by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 105,000 daltons by gel filtration with a Sephadex G-150 column. Amino acid composition of the guinea pig Hageman factor was similar to that reported for human, bovine, and rabbit Hageman factors. The purified guinea pig Hageman factor, as well as guinea pig plasma, showed strong clotting time correction activity in Hageman-factor--deficient human plasma. The activity could be blocked by the IgG fraction of antiserums against guinea pig Hageman factor raised in rabbits or a goat. The concentration of Hageman factor in guinea pig plasma was determined to be 120 microgram/ml by quantitative radial immunodiffusion assay. The 28,000-dalton active form of Hageman factor (beta-HFa) was prepared from guinea pig Hageman factor by treatment with plasma kallikrein. beta-HFa caused an increase in vascular permeability when injected into guinea pig skin at concentrations as low as 3 x 10(-10) M (0.8 ng). Native, or zymogen Hageman factor did not cause an increase in permeability at concentrations of up to 2 x 10(-7) M. The increased permeability induced by beta-HFa was short lasting, with about a 50% decrease in activity apparent within 6 minutes after intradermal injection. The permeability enhancement activity of beta-HFa was inhibited by pretreatment of beta-HFa with diisopropylfluorophosphate. It may be concluded that active Hageman factor in the interstitial space of guinea pigs acts as a vascular permeability factor of far greater potency than bradykinin. PMID- 6794375 TI - Animal model of human disease: Mucopolysaccharidosis VI Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome, Arylsulfatase B-deficient mucopolysaccharidosis in the Siamese cat. PMID- 6794376 TI - Lithium carbonate dose and serum level relationships in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6794377 TI - Lithium carbonate and toenails. PMID- 6794379 TI - [Respiratory training with intermittent positive pressure in acute respiratory disturbances (author's transl)]. AB - In a clinical study the applicability and effectiveness of breathing therapy with intermittent positive pressure in cases of incipient or already established pulmonary complications are evaluated. The case material was divided into four groups: 1. Imminent respiratory complications (haemorrhagic shock, flail chest); 2. acute postoperative pulmonary insufficiency in old patients; 3. postoperative alveolar or interstitial pulmonary oedema; 4. postoperative pneumonia. Individual respiratory training succeeded in all patients in significantly improving the arterial blood gases; prolonged artificial ventilation could be dispensed with. The method and its limitations and indications for its use are reviewed. PMID- 6794378 TI - Occupational health values in the Supreme Court: cost-benefit analysis. PMID- 6794380 TI - [A new Draeger Anaesthetic circuit for newborns and small infants (author's transl)]. AB - A new semi-closed anaesthetic system for newborns and small infants was developed by slightly modifying the circle system used for adults. The fact that this new system was employed with satisfactory results in anaesthetizing more than 50 children under 20 kilogram bodyweight weakens the argument that semi-closed circuits should be avoided in small children on account of high expiratory resistance, possibility of increased dead space, inefficient CO2 absorption and unpredictable inspiratory oxygen concentration. The advantages and disadvantages of the new system are reviewed. PMID- 6794382 TI - Prolonged tracheal intubation in adults. PMID- 6794381 TI - [Methemoglobin formation in nitroglycerin infusions. Remarks on the work of The, G.S., G. Spring: Nitroglycerin poisoning after controlled hypotension]. PMID- 6794383 TI - Simultaneous infusion of amino-acids and lipid solutions. PMID- 6794384 TI - Differential-pulse polarographic determination of norpace in plasma. PMID- 6794385 TI - Epidural morphine following epidural local anesthesia: effect on ventilatory and airway occlusion pressure responses to CO2. AB - The authors measured the minute inspired ventilation (VI) and airway occlusion pressure (P 100) responses to CO2 during rebreathing in ten patients who were given epidural morphine for analgesia following lower extremity or lower abdominal surgery. All patients were studied and blood samples for morphine analysis were obtained at four different times: preoperatively, postoperatively premorphine, and one and six hours after a single 10-mg epidural dose of preservative-free morphine in 10 ml of saline. All patients reported effective analgesia with a duration ranging from 8-25.5 h. There were no differences between the pre- and postoperative VI vs. PCO2 and P100 vs. PCO2 response slopes, indicating that the epidural local anesthetic alone had no effect on respiratory drive. Administration of 10 mg morphine epidurally caused a significant 22 per cent decrease in the average VI vs. PCO2 slope and a 33 per cent decrease in the average P100 vs. PCO2 slope one hour postmorphine when compared to the postoperative slopes. The average decrease in VI vs. PCO2 at 6 h postmorphine was not significant. The average P100 vs. PCO2 response slope was decreased significantly at 6 h postmorphine by 27 per cent. There was no significant correlation between serum morphine concentration and the ventilatory responses. The authors conclude that morphine administered by the epidural route produces decreased respiratory drive and that there is a high degree of individual variability in the magnitude and time course of this effect. PMID- 6794386 TI - Potential value of expiratory carbon dioxide measurement in patients considered to be susceptible to malignant hyperthermia. PMID- 6794387 TI - [General anesthesia characteristics during withdrawal of the functioning donor heart-lung preparation]. PMID- 6794388 TI - [Value of serodiagnosis in human trichinosis]. AB - The paper with the comparative evaluation of serological tests in the diagnosis of human trichinellosis. The tests include ring precipitation test cold precipitation test; agar diffusion technique; complement fixation test (cold binding); dermatol, carmine, and latex agglutination reactions. Serological tests applied to human trichinellosis were found to have different reliability. The most reliable reactions were those of ring precipitation, complement fixation test (cold binding) and cold- precipitation test. The agar diffusion technique was of little reliability only. PMID- 6794389 TI - Single neuron recording from motor cortex as a possible source of signals for control of external devices. PMID- 6794390 TI - Status of pancreatic transplants and mechanical devices for blood glucose control in diabetes. PMID- 6794391 TI - Introduction and reisolation of selected gram-negative bacteria from fermented edible wastes. AB - A Lactobacillus fermentation process, using edible food wastes, was tested for its ability to eliminate selected bacterial pathogens. This fermentation process converts food wastes into a feed ingredient for animal consumption. Six gram negative bacterial pathogens of potential zoonotic importance were tested. These experimental organisms were: Salmonella enteritidis serovar typhimurium, S enteritidis serovar anatum, S cholerae-suis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Y pseudotuberculosis, and Pasteurella multocida. Each organism was introduced into ground waste that had been previously inoculated with L acidophilus, and was mixed. This mixture was divided among 8 containers, and was incubated in duplicate at 5 C, 10 C, 20 C, and 30 C for 96 hours. The temperature of the reactant containers, reduction-oxidation potential, and pH were monitored. Waste samples were obtained initially and subsequently at 24-hour periods for 96 hours. Qualitative and quantitative recovery attempts from each sample were made for the introduced gram-negative bacteria. Pasteurella multocida and the S enteritidis serovars typhimurium and anatum survived the fermentation at 5 C and 10 C, but were killed after 48 hours at 20 C and 30 C. Salmonella cholerae-suis survived at 5 C, but was destroyed by 72 hours at the remaining temperatures. Yersinia enterocolitica was viable through 70 hours, but was killed by 96 hours. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis was not reisolated at any temperature. PMID- 6794393 TI - Development and characterization of feline ovarian antiserum. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the feasibility of producing feline ovarian antiserum (FOA) in the rabbit and to characterize the antigenic composition of the feline ovary. Adult male rabbits were immunized by injecting an ovarian homogenate prepared from feline ovaries that had corpora lutea (CL) macroscopically removed. Using the agar-gel double diffusion (AGDD) and the immunoelectrophoretic (IE) techniques, 5 feline ovarian antigens were detected when feline ovarian extract was reacted with purified FOA (gamma-globulin fraction solution; protein content 24 mg/ml). The FOA reacted with 4 other feline reproductive organs tested, including the follicle, CL, oviduct, and uterus, to form 5 precipitin bands. The purified FOA also cross-reacted with feline serum and plasma and 10 other feline nonreproductive organ extracts tested to give 2 to 5 precipitin bands. Species cross-reactivity was also observed with FOA reacting with the rat ovary and the canine ovary, CL, and uterus, to form 1 to 2 precipitin bands. Immunoabsorption of the purified FOA by feline fever, kidney, or small intestine extract removed antibodies reacting with feline ovarian antigens. Precipitin bands failed to develop when such absorbed FOA were tested against the feline ovarian extract. Within the sensitivity limits of the AGDD and IE tests, organ-specific antigens of the feline ovary could not be detected. Feline ovarian antigens were located in isolated feline ovarian cells by the immunofluorescence technique. Fertility-regulating effects of the developed FOA were studied. One female cat given FOA during late gestation [gestation day (GD) 49 to 51] aborted 1 dead premature fetus on day 52 and delivered 3 live offspring on GD 64. Another queen was given FOA during midgestation (GD 36 to 40) and apparently resorbed 1 of 2 conceptuses. The FOA produced in the rabbit was not organ and species specific and may cause abortion or influence fetal development in the pregnant cats. PMID- 6794392 TI - Serum lysozyme (muramidase) activity in dogs with neoplastic disease. AB - The lysozyme (muramidase) activity was measured in the sera of 84 dogs with neoplastic disease. Neoplasms included 32 lymphomas, 13 primary bone neoplasms, 5 melanomas, 5 thyroid neoplasms, 9 soft tissue sarcomas, 5 mast cell sarcomas, and 15 carcinomas. The sera from 21 healthy dogs served as control. Dogs with neoplastic disease had significantly (P less than 0.005) higher serum lysozyme activity than did the healthy controls. For lymphosarcoma, dogs with clinical signs of systemic disease had significantly higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without clinical signs. For bone neoplasms, dogs with metastatic disease had higher serum lysozyme activity than did dogs without metastasis. Increased lysozyme activity may be a useful marker of macrophage-mediated host responses to neoplasms in dogs. PMID- 6794394 TI - The nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The nutritional status of 38 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was assessed by dietary intake, anthropometric measurements biochemical analysis, and immunologic testing. The mean intakes for 9 nutrients were significantly greater than the 1974 Recommended Dietary Allowances of the National Academy of Sciences. Results of the anthropometric measurements for usual weight for height, fat stores, and muscle mass were significantly less than standard. Of the 32 subjects evaluated for immunocompetence, 9 were anergic (induration, 0) on all 3 skin tests. The results of this study indicated that the marasmic type of protein calorie malnutrition is a common finding among patients with COPD, and that patients with COPD who are immunoincompetent may be more susceptible to mixed protein calorie malnutrition of the kwashiorkor-marasmus type. PMID- 6794395 TI - Human alveolar macrophages: a lesion in arachidonic acid metabolism in cigarette smokers. AB - Human pulmonary macrophages (PAM) recovered from young cigarette smokers and from age- and sex-matched subjects who had never smoked were used to investigate arachidonic acid metabolism. The uptake of radiolabeled arachidonic acid by PAM obtained from smokers and nonsmokers was not significantly different. The phagocytic indexes of the smoker and nonsmoker macrophages were 17.4 X 3.9% and 18.5 +/- 5.0%, respectively. Both smoker and nonsmoker macrophages produced prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha). A significant decrease in PGE2 and TXB2 synthesis but not in PGF2 alpha synthesis by the smoker PAM compared PAM compared with the nonsmoker PAM was observed using 2 different assays to measure prostaglandin production. Nonsmoker macrophages produced 644 +/- 128,239 +/- 53, and 29 +/- 12 ng/1.5 X 10(6) cells of PGE2, TXB2, and PGF2 alpha, respectively, whereas smoker macrophages synthesized 168 +/- 20, 41 +/- 3, and 17 +/- 1 ng/1.5 X 10(6) cells, as measured by radioimmunoassay. Similar differences were observed using isotopic assays. A cigarette-smoke-induced lesion in phospholipid hydrolysis or the mechanism regulating phospholipid hydrolysis seem most consistent with these findings. PMID- 6794396 TI - Differential effect of sex in experimental hyaline membrane disease in newborn monkeys. AB - Data from forty-four infant monkeys of 135 to 150 days' gestation were reviewed for the existence of sex-related differences in the development of hyaline membrane disease, post-mortem lung mechanics, biochemistry, and histologic features. Severity of hyaline membrane disease was scored from 1 (severe) to 6 (none) from chest radiographic appearance and arterial PO2 determination. Female monkeys had a lower score (mean +/- 1 SD = 2.7 +/- 1.6) than males (3.8 +/- 1.6, less than 0.05). Females accounted for 70% of animals with scores of 1 or 2, and 33% of those with scores of 5 or 6 (p = 0.045). There was no difference in lung homogenate phospholipid (PL) concentration. Airway lavage PL and the ratio of lavage PL to homogenate PL were both decreased in the female. Surface activity of the lavage material was also less in the female. No significant differences between males and females were noted for mean maximal lung volume air-tissue ratio, as determined by light microscopy, or number of type II pneumocytes per alveolus. Premature female monkeys appeared to sustain a disadvantage in pulmonary adaptation to postnatal life. PMID- 6794397 TI - EDTA-mediated separation of cat tracheal lining epithelium. AB - After specimens of cat trachea were incubated for 2 hr in 20 mM EDTA, the epithelium could easily be stripped from the mucosal surface with a dissecting needle. The epithelium was cleanly separated from its basal lamina, which remained fixed to the lamina propria. Epithelial cells were well preserved, junctional complexes were structurally intact, and there was no widening of intercellular spaces. The inferior epithelial surface was irregular, with numerous membrane-bound blebs arising from the constituent epithelial cells. Hemidesmosomes, which are found only on basal cells, were covered by a nap of fine filaments, the remnants of the filaments that normally traverse the lamina lucida. In many basal cells, cleaved hemidesmosomes were internalized, probably representing a stage in their lysosomal degradation. The basal lamina adhering to the lamina propria appeared in the transmission electron microscope as a sinuous linear density. In the scanning electron microscope, the basal lamina surface had an irregularly corrugated appearance. The basal lamina continued into the stomata of the submucosal gland ducts, which intersected the surface at an acute angle. Anchoring fibrils identical to those associated with stratified squamous epithelium were found in significant numbers on the connective tissue face of the basal lamina. Separation of tracheal tissues may provide a means whereby secretory activity and products of epithelium and submucosal glands can be individually assessed. PMID- 6794398 TI - Mucous glycoproteins from cat tracheal goblet cells and mucous glands separated with EDTA. AB - Respiratory tract mucous glycoproteins (MGP) are secreted by goblet cells in the surface epithelium and by submucosal glands. The MGP in airway secretions collected in vivo and from airway explants in vitro represent an admixture of secretions from these sources. Incubation of cat tracheal explants in 20 mM EDTA allowed physical separation of the surface epithelium from the underlying tissues and the culture of each isolated secretory element. Separated tissues appeared morphologically intact and continued to secrete MGP. The MGP arising from the surface epithelium had more sialic acid relative to galactose and N acetylglucosamine and appeared to be less highly sulfated, as determined by DEAE cellulose chromatography, than MGP from submucosal glands. The EDTA-mediated separation of the airway secretory elements may allow further investigation into specific secretory functions of these two epithelial elements. PMID- 6794399 TI - Effect of periodic or regular respiratory pattern on the ventilatory response to low inhaled CO2 in preterm infants during sleep. PMID- 6794400 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis in children. Study of 34 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty four cases of tuberculous meningitis in children of 6 months to 8 years of age are reviewed. Maximum frequency (44% of the cases) correspond to 0.5 to 2 year age group. In 55.8% of the cases symptoms appeared less than 20 days before admission to hospital. On admission 24% of the cases were in stage I, 64.7% in stage II and 11.7% in stage III according to the criteria of the Medical Research Council. None of the patients had been vaccinated with BCG. a family history of active tuberculosis was shown in 29.4% of the cases. "Mycobacterium tuberculosis" was isolated from spinal fluid in only 20.5% of the cases. A positive Mantoux was found in 70.5% and 50% showed a pathological chest X-ray film. A triple-drug therapy was instituted immediately after diagnosis. First choice drugs were streptomycin, rifampicin and isoniazid. Average length of treatment was 21 months. Corticosteroids were given to 17 children. Most frequent complications were convulsions, hydrocephalus, ophthalmoplegia, hyponatremia and hepatotoxicity due to rifampicin. Mortality rate was 14% and 55% of the survivors developed sequelae. Relations between precocity of diagnosis, therapeutic protocol and evolution are discussed. Importance of early diagnosis is stressed. PMID- 6794401 TI - [Treatment of congenital chloride diarrhea with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor (author's transl)]. AB - In a patient with congenital chloride diarrhea, the hyperreninemia, hyperaldosteronism, hypokaliemia and hypokaliuria diminished during treatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. These findings suggest that probably prostaglandins stimulate renin-aldosterone system in congenital chloride diarrhea. PMID- 6794402 TI - [Cerebral edema with fatal outcome in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 6794403 TI - [Ambulatory paediatric care: epidemiology and effectiveness (author's transl)]. AB - Some aspects of the routine work of the team in a paediatric ambulatory clinic (Social Security) is presented. Patients are classified on a sociological basis. Relationship between duration of consultations and number of prescriptions is compared with a team working in identical conditions. Monday is the day with a maximum of consultations and a minimum of prescriptions in comparison with saturday with the opposite situation. Finally, principal conditions consulted are classified from a syndromic point of view. This classification is thought to be useful for the training of paediatricians as well as for new aspects of epidemiology. PMID- 6794404 TI - [Characterization of FVIII/VW circulating after DDAVP administration (author's transl)]. AB - These studies were designed with the purpose of providing more information relevant about the new FVIII/VW circulating after administration intranasally DDAVP. One health subject was administered 260 microliter total dose of DDAVP. The newly released FVIII/VW could not be distinguished form circulating FVIII/VW on the basis of molecular size, electrophoretic mobility or "in vitro" stability of VIII:C and VIIIR:AG despite apparent differences in the duration of response of the procoagulant and antigenic components "in vivo". FVIII/VW cryoethanol precipitations studies showed similar increase in the high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) after DDAVP administration. This suggest a immediately polymerization in the new VIIIR:AG circulating after DDAVP administration. PMID- 6794405 TI - Hormonal and metabolic effects of a pancreatic endocrine graft. Vascularized segmental transplantation in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - A new modification of pancreas transplant technique, the vascularized segmental intraperitoneal graft without duct ligation, has provided reversal of insulin dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus for as long as 2 years of comfortable life. Although the risks associated with immunosuppression remain high (two of the 12 patients have died of early postoperative infection), selected data are presented from six cases to show the following striking hormonal and metabolic results after transplantation and withdrawal of insulin: restoration of normal beta cell function as shown by 24-hour urine C-peptide excretion and acutely responsive serum insulin, restoration of normal suppressibility of plasma glucagon, elimination of ketosis and negative nitrogen balance, normal fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin, and normal or near-normal glucose tolerance. These results provide a standard for current explorations of new ways of treating insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6794406 TI - Prevention of infection by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus amphotericin B in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Fifty-two patients with nonlymphocytic leukaemia were studied during remission induction treatment in a randomized trial to ascertain the effect of prophylactic oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on infection and fever rate. A decrease in the total number of acquired infections was found (16 infections in the group given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus 31 in the control group, p less than 0.01). The number of patients without any infection in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group was 13 compared to only three in the control group (p less than 0.01). Patients in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group needed parenteral antibiotics during 33% of the days they were granulocytopenic compared to 61% of these days for patients in the control group. However, six of nine bacteriologically documented infections in the trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole group were caused by resistant microorganisms compared to two out of 20 in the control group. PMID- 6794407 TI - A possible role of vitamin D in the genesis of parenteral-nutrition-induced metabolic bone disease. AB - Patients receiving long term parenteral nutrition may develop metabolic bone disease. In all 11 patients studied, histologic studies of bone showed excessive unmineralized bone tissue despite normal plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Three patients also had bone pain and fractures and severe urinary loss of calcium and phosphate. Withdrawal of vitamin D from parenteral nutrition solutions was associated with improved histologic findings of bone in all patients, shown by a decrease in osteoid tissue and an increase in tetracycline uptake. In the three patients with symptoms, bone pain subsided, fractures healed, and urinary loss of calcium and phosphate decreased. Thus, vitamin D may be a factor in the genesis of parenteral nutrition-induced metabolic bone disease. PMID- 6794408 TI - Syndrome of an acquired inhibitor of factor VIII responsive to cyclophosphamide and prednisone. AB - Six patients with an acquired inhibitor of factor VIII had the following clinical characteristics: older age group; absence of definable, underlying disease; a low titer of the factor VIII inhibitor; notable residual plasma factor VIII activity despite the inhibitor; serious bleeding not controlled by infusion of factor VIII; and disappearance of the inhibitor after treatment with cyclophosphamide and prednisone. These findings delineate a syndrome characteristic of a subset of patients with an acquired factor VIII inhibitor. It is important to emphasize that such patients may bleed uncontrollably despite the misleading presence of residual plasma factor VIII activity in vitro, and that the inhibitor disappears after immunosuppressive therapy. Thus, we believe that patients with this syndrome should be treated with cyclophosphamide and prednisone as soon as the inhibitor is identified. PMID- 6794409 TI - Respiratory failure precipitated by high carbohydrate loads. AB - Acute respiratory failure developed in three patients needing ventilatory support within hours after total parenteral nutrition was started. We postulate that the high carbohydrate load provided in the parenteral solution resulted in the use of glucose as the primary energy source, with the development of substantial increases in the carbon dioxide production and the respiratory quotient. Because these patients had a relatively fixed ventilatory response, hypercapnia ensued. Excessive carbohydrate loading may precipitate respiratory acidosis in patients unable to adequately improve their alveolar ventilation when compensating for increased carbon dioxide production. PMID- 6794410 TI - [Hemobilia caused by iatrogenic lesions]. PMID- 6794412 TI - Internuclear ophthalmoplegia in Fabry's disease. AB - A 16-year-old boy with Fabry's disease had sudden onset of diplopia unassociated with any other neurologic symptoms. A right internuclear ophthalmoplegia characterized by optokinetic phenomena and ocular dysmetria was demonstrated. The diplopia resolved spontaneously in six weeks. This is the first reported case of internuclear ophthalmoplegia occurring with Fabry's disease and represents one of the youngest patients to have unilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia presumably caused by vascular occlusive disease. PMID- 6794411 TI - [Interest of humoral antibodies assay for diagnosis and survey of urinary tract infections by gram negative bacilli and streptococcus D in children (author's transl)]. AB - The assay of humoral antibodies during urinary tract infections of children is performed by passive haemagglutination. In gram negative bacilli infections (176 children) the antigens are derived from the patients' bacteria. For streptococcus D infections the antigen is a phenol extract, specifically tested and used for all streptococcus D urinary tract infections (40 children). The humoral antibodies assay is of first interest to distinguish between high urinary tract infections with renal parenchym bacterial involvement and low urinary tract infections. In high urinary tract infections the antibodies are significantly elevated and almost surely indicate renal infection for a 1/2 560 titre; they raise both in gram negative bacteria and in streptococcus D infections. There is however a difference in a rather higher number of cases of streptococcus D infections where it is impossible of connect high sera titres and clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis, contrary to gram negative bacilli infections. It seems to be due to aetiological differences in urinary tract infections by streptococcus D, which are more often secondary infections, during severe urologic diseases. In such cases the symptomatology of infections is less typical than in E. Coli urinary tract infections. Another interest is the capacity of survey by this method. Three kinds of courses of antibody titres are observed: the first is a clean break of titre lower than 1/160 after three months; the second is the continuance of the same high levels over three months; the third is continuance of high significative level after a first incomplete fall. In the last two cases it is highly probable that a pyelonephritis processes is engaged. This may be useful for treatment and survey of children with urologic diseases. PMID- 6794413 TI - [A case of true diverticulum of the cecum]. AB - Solitary diverticula of the large bowel are comparatively rare respect the much more frequent multiple diverticula. Such diverticula are found mainly in the caecum and ascending colon and are true diverticula, i.e. their wall is made up of all the layers of the bowel wall. When a solitary diverticulum of the caecum undergoes inflammation of the patients generally present with symptoms suggestive of acute appendicitis. A case of solitary diverticulum of the caecum in a 51 years old woman is described and discussed from the diagnostic and clinical as well as from the morphological and pathogenetic point of view. PMID- 6794414 TI - [Study of some biological properties of dihydrofuroquinoline alkaloids isolated from Rutaceae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794415 TI - [Absidia corymbifera (Cohn) Sacc. and Trott. Chronic intoxication of the mouse by a culture filtrate of Absidia corymbifera with serine as nitrogen food (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794416 TI - Elevated glycosaminoglycans and chondroitin 4-sulfate, and other properties of contracted human prosthesis capsules. PMID- 6794417 TI - The effects of oral diazepam premedication on blood gases. AB - Blood gas analysis was performed before and 1 h after 10 mg oral diazepam premedication on 50 adult male patients undergoing different surgical operations. There was a significant (p less than 0.01) decrease in arterial oxygen tension, a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in alveolar--arterial oxygen tension difference, and no significant change in arterial carbon dioxide tension or pH after administration of the drug. It is concluded that diazepam given by mouth 1 h before operation increases venous admixture. It is suggested therefore that oral diazepam premedication should be given cautiously to patients with impaired cardiorespiratory reserve, preferably without adding a narcotic drug. PMID- 6794418 TI - [Nutritional support in patients with oral and pharyngeal carcinomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794419 TI - Treatment of angina pectoris with metoprolol. A comparison between Durules administered once daily and tablets administered twice daily. AB - Seventeen patients suffering from angina pectoris completed a double-blind trial comparing the efficacy and safety of metoprolol Durules administered once daily and metoprolol tablets administered twice daily both at a daily dosage of 200 mg. In terms of anginal attacks and nitroglycerine consumption, there was no difference between the two regimens. Neither the diurnal distribution of attacks nor the patient interview revealed any significant differences between the two regimens. Heart rate, blood pressure and plasma levels of metoprolol were also similar on conventional tablets 100 mg b.d. and Durules 200 mg once daily. These findings indicate that once daily administration of metoprolol Durules is an effective and safe therapy in angina pectoris. PMID- 6794420 TI - Metoprolol in angina pectoris complicated by essential hypertension. A clinical comparison of the antianginal efficacy of metoprolol slow-release tablets (Durules) given once daily and propranolol tablets given twice daily. AB - The clinical efficacy of propranolol and metoprolol slow-release tablets (Durules) was compared in 20 patients with typical angina pectoris and concomitant hypertension. During a four-week run-in period all patients were given 80 mg propranolol b.i.d. in a single-blind fashion. Thereafter they were randomised in a double-blind fashion to treatment with either propranolol tablets, 80 mg b.i.d., or metoprolol Durules, 200 mg o.m. After four weeks, treatment was changed according to a cross-over design. The number of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption were recorded by the patients in diary cards. At the control visits, blood pressure was assessed in the supine and standing positions. No differences were found between the drugs as regards either antianginal or antihypertensive efficacy. Metoprolol Durules 200 mg o.m. are considered to be as effective as propranolol, 80 mg b.i.d. and may be preferred by some patients because of the simple dosage regimen. PMID- 6794421 TI - Persistent high intestinal lactase activity in Papua New Guinea. Lactose absorption curves in two populations. AB - Thirty adolescent males, aged 16-19 years, all of Huli, Mendi or Dunai descent, sampled at Tari in Southern Highlands of Papua New Guinea, and 29 children aged between 9 and 15 years, all speakers of Daga and sampled at Agaun in the Milne Bay Province, have been tested for persistent high intestinal lactase activity. Three persons at Tari and five at Agaun were found to be lactose absorbers. There is reasonably convincing evidence that all five absorbers at Agaun descend from a common ancestor five generations ago, but there is no such suggestion for those tested at Tari. Gene flow from Caucasoids who penetrated both areas is possible. The presence of lactose absorbers in peoples who are not traditional users of fresh milk suggests that the culture historical hypothesis may not give a completely adequate explanation for the establishment and conservation of the lactose polymorphism in man. PMID- 6794422 TI - Persistent high intestinal lactase activity in Papua New Guinea. The breath hydrogen test in a Sepik population. AB - A sample of volunteers from the north-west of Papua New Guinea has been tested for persistent high intestinal lactase activity by measuring the breath hydrogen content before and after the administration of a preparation containing 50 g lactose. Eight of 35 persons were found to be absorbers of lactose. In common with other recent studies, this proportion establishes that the polymorphism occurs on the island, though the frequency of absorbers is nowhere high. The breath hydrogen method of estimating status has been shown to be capable of providing unequivocal, convincing results in the field. PMID- 6794423 TI - Bacterial kidney disease of salmonid fish. PMID- 6794424 TI - Taxonomy of the gliding bacteria. PMID- 6794425 TI - Some genetic erythrocyte polymorphisms in the Mbugu and other populations of the Central African Republic with an analysis of genetic distances. AB - Phenotype and gene frequencies of four blood group polymorphisms (ABO, MNSs, Rhesus, and Duffy) as well as hemoglobin types of four populations of the Republic of Central Africa are reported. All these polymorphisms are in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium. Regarding the four blood group polymorphisms mentioned above the genetic distances according to NEI have been computed for fifteen populations of the Central-Eastern and Central-Western areas of Africa, including the four own samples. The results of these analyses are discussed. PMID- 6794426 TI - Genetic studies among Ramgarhias and Ramdasias of Punjab, North India. AB - This study reports results of investigations on ABO, Rh, haptoglobin and transferrin types in the two hitherto uninvestigated endogamous groups of Punjab, North India. Frequencies for the A, B, and O genes were found to be 0.1711, 0.2566, and 0.5723 in Ramdasias, and 0.1737, 0.2960, and 0.5303 in Ramgarhias. In all 13 Rhesus-negative individuals were encountered. The Hp2 allele shows a high frequency of 0.8060 for Ramdasias, and 0.7860 for Ramgarhias. PMID- 6794427 TI - The change paradigm in nursing: growth versus persistence. PMID- 6794428 TI - Grief themes. AB - Four grief themes that were developed in clinical practice have been explored. These themes were also prevalent in Ibsen's play Little Eyolf. The conspiracy of silence, detachment, guilt, and resolutions are themes that are prevalent in Rita and Alfred's life and, therefore, in the grieving of little Eyolf's death. These themes are family motifs present in the family's history. They must be brought into the open, in the hope of achieving a resolution at times of death. If not, future physical and mental health might be affected. In counseling the dying and their families, the nurse must explore these developing themes. Previous themes must be understood before the present ones can be confronted and resolved. These themes can then be used to gain a broader perspective into the needs, problems, and emotions of the dying and his or her family. PMID- 6794429 TI - A holistic model of individual and family health based on a continuum of choice. PMID- 6794430 TI - Social support: a model for clinical research and application. PMID- 6794431 TI - Examining family growth and development: a theoretical model. PMID- 6794432 TI - Theories of maternal attachment. PMID- 6794433 TI - The effects of modularized instruction and traditional teaching techniques on cognitive and affective behaviors of student nurses. PMID- 6794434 TI - Accountability in research: the relationship of scientific and humanistic values. PMID- 6794436 TI - Nursing theory and scholarliness in the doctoral program. PMID- 6794435 TI - Nursing science and the laws of health: the test of substance as a step in the process of theory development. PMID- 6794437 TI - Toward a definition of health. PMID- 6794438 TI - The health belief model: a review and critical evaluation of the model, research, and practice. PMID- 6794439 TI - [Experience with the international standardization of the biological activity of the 3d Standard for streptomycin]. AB - The activity of the third International Standard of streptomycin was determined to be equal to 755 IU/mg with the use of accurately weighed amounts of streptomycin and 78037 IU with the use of streptomycin ampoules. The Standardization Center of the WHO decided to use the whole content of the ampoule of the Third International Standard of streptomycin, the activity of which is determined to be equal to 78500 IU per an ampoule. PMID- 6794440 TI - [Ratio of the mutation spectrum to the physiological state of the Penicillium chrysogenum cell. Auxotrophic mutations induced by N-nitroso-N-methylbiuret in exposure at different stages of DNA replication]. AB - The effect of UV light on activated conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum, strain 39 was studied. It was found that the spectrum of the auxotrophic mutations induced by UV light during replication of DNA changed with the dose of the mutagen and was specific to every dose. The schemes of predominating mutation induction during DNA replication under the effect of 2 doses of UV light were developed. PMID- 6794441 TI - [Penicillin formation by biochemical mutants of Penicillium chrysogenum and their spontaneous revertants]. AB - The capacity for the antibiotic production in the auxotrophs of Penicillium chrysogenum with various deficiency and their revertants was studied. It was found that the capacity for penicillin synthesis was impaired to various degrees in the majority of the auxotrophs. Variants with the penicillin production levels by 13--20 per cent higher than those in the initial prototrophic strain were isolated for the first time in selection of the eukaryotes with the method of obtaining highly active revertants from auxotrophs according to the scheme "prototroph-auxotroph-prototroph". PMID- 6794442 TI - [Ratio of the mutation spectrum to the physiological state of the Penicillium chrysogenum cell. Auxotrophic mutations induced by UV rays at different stages of DNA replication]. AB - The spectrum of the mutations obtained with exposure of nonactivated spores of Pen. chrysogenum to N-nitrozo-N-methylbiuret (NMB) was studied and it was shown that the mutations associated with blocking of amino acid synthesis predominated. When activated spores of Pen. chrysogenum were treated with the mutagen, correlation was observed between the spectrum of the induced mutations, the physiological state of the cells and the exposure time. It is supposed that the mutagen molecule affects the replicating part of the DNA molecule. Schemes for predominating liberation of the mutations according to the markers in time were developed. This may give an idea of the order of the markers in genome. PMID- 6794443 TI - Insensitivity of peptidoglycan biosynthetic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics in a clinical isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The enzymatic reactions (transpeptidases/ that catalyze the attachment of newly synthesized peptidoglycan to the preexisting cell wall sacculus of both Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been shown to be very sensitive to most beta-lactam antibiotics. Biosynthetic studies carried out with a clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa resistant to carbenicillin and cefsulodin showed that the in vitro reactions were also insensitive to most beta-lactam antibiotics (up to 50 micrograms/ml) and only cefotaxime or its tetrazolyl analog, compound LY 97962, had an inhibitory effect at 0.01 microgram/ml. The pattern of beta-lactam binding proteins obtained upon exposure of intact or presonicated cells to radioactively labeled compound LY 97962 or penicillin G indicates that: (i) intact cells of the clinical isolate are 10 to 50 times less permeable to the antibiotics than is the wild-type strain X-48; (ii) beta-lactam binding proteins Ia, Ib, and III of the clinical isolate showed poor affinity for penicillin G and cefsulodin, but were similar to the wild type in their affinity for cefotaxime and compound LY 979062. The two strains also differed in several of their outer membrane components. These results suggest that the insusceptibility of this clinical isolate is due to a combination of outer membrane impermeability and intrinsic insensitivity to most of the beta-lactams on the part of the enzymes which catalyze expansion and growth of peptidoglycan. PMID- 6794444 TI - Involvement of the outer membrane in gentamicin and streptomycin uptake and killing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Induction of a major outer membrane protein, H1, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in decreased susceptibility to gentamicin and streptomycin. Mutants which overproduce protein H1 and cells in which H1 is induced in response to growth conditions had altered kinetics of uptake and killing. It was further demonstrated that gentamicin and streptomycin interact with the outer membrane to permeabilize it to lysozyme and to increase the permeation of a chromogenic beta lactam, nitrocefin. Experiments with inhibitors of aminoglycoside uptake showed that uptake was not required to increase permeability. Mg2+ at 1 mM totally inhibited aminoglycoside-mediated outer membrane permeabilization. We propose that the uptake and killing by these aminoglycosides requires interaction with an Mg2+ binding site at the outer membrane, permitting aminoglycoside uptake into the periplasm. PMID- 6794445 TI - Susceptibility of enterococci and Listeria monocytogenes to N-Formimidoyl thienamycin alone and in combination with an aminoglycoside. AB - The susceptibilities of 12 strains of enterococci and 10 stains of Listeria monocytogenes to N-formimidoyl thienamycin were determined by a standard broth dilution method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations for L. monocytogenes strains were less than 0.25 micrograms/ml. As a group, strains of Streptococcus faecium were less susceptible than Streptococcus faecalis strains, but even for the latter, the minimal inhibitory concentrations were slightly greater than those previously reported. Minimal bactericidal concentrations against all organisms were many-fold higher than the corresponding inhibitory concentrations. In time kill studies, combinations of N-formimidoyl thienamycin with gentamicin were synergistic against (or they completely sterilized cultures of) all the enterococcal strains and nine to 10 strains of L. monocytogenes. The magnitude of killing by the combinations was comparable to that previously observed with penicillin-gentamicin combinations. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin-tobramycin combinations were synergistic against those strains of S. faecalis and L. monocytogenes tested, but not against those of S. faecium. PMID- 6794446 TI - Gingival crevicular fluid levels of clindamycin compared with its minimal inhibitory concentrations for periodontal bacteria. AB - Clindamycin concentrations in gingival crevicular fluid and in blood were determined over a 7-h period and were related to the minimal inhibitory concentrations of this agent for 340 bacterial strains isolated from diseased periodontal sites. The clindamycin levels after administration of single 300-mg oral doses were measured in gingival crevicular fluids by using an agar diffusion bioassay. Minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution techniques for 30 species of periodontal bacteria. With the exception of Eikenella corrodens and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, most of the bacteria were inhibited by a concentration of 1.0 microgram of clindamycin per ml or less. The peak concentrations in crevicular fluid (2.0 +/- 0.3 microgram/ml) and in blood (1.9 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml) were approximately the same. However, crevicular fluid levels of 1.0 micrograms/ml and above were present for up to 6 h, whereas blood concentrations dropped below 1.0 micrograms/ml within 2 h after administration. Based on its minimal inhibitory concentrations, clindamycin at crevicular fluid levels of 1.0 micrograms/ml or above should inhibit most bacteria associated with diseased periodontal sites. PMID- 6794447 TI - Anomalous cellular morphology and growth characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis in subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G. AB - The effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G on Neisseria meningitidis in the presence and absence of selected stabilizers were examined. Subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin G decreased cell numbers and altered both colonial and ultrastructural morphologies of this meningococcus. Although these levels of penicillin did not have immediate adverse effects on cell mass increase, deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis, or the incorporation of [3H]leucine into protein, they did significantly alter the division rate and the integrity of the cell envelope. The inability of many of the abnormal membranous cell types produced in subminimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin to form either complete or properly oriented division septa and the overproduction of cell wall material at such sites was indicative of the disruptive effects of this antibiotic on functions necessary for maintaining the normal division process. The addition of the stabilizers polyvinylpyrrolidone-40 and horse serum to the test medium diminished the effects of penicillin G as evidenced by a fourfold increase in the minimal inhibitory concentration. Moreover, such stabilizers maintained the association of the outer membrane with the peptidoglycan and inner membrane. PMID- 6794448 TI - Inactivation of mycoplasmas by long-chain alcohols. AB - In this report, we describe the inhibitory activity of long-chain alcohols on the growth of Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Peak inhibition was recorded with saturated primary alcohols (64 microM) varying in chain length from 16 to 19 carbon atoms. The unsaturated alcohols (oleyl, linoleyl, and linolenyl) and the secondary alcohol (pentadecan-2-ol), when employed in the same test conditions, were considerably less effective growth inhibitors than the primary saturated alcohols. Stearic and palmitic acids were also ineffective as growth inhibitors of M. pneumoniae and M. gallisepticum at a 128 microM concentration. Because these antimycoplasma agents are fatty alcohols and cholesterol is known to be required for the growth of some mycoplasmas, additional cholesterol was added in an attempt to reverse the inhibition observed with these agents. Cholesterol at a 128 microM concentration did not significantly relieve the growth inhibition observed with stearyl alcohol at a 48 microM concentration. Mammalian cell cultures were found to be significantly more resistant to the effects of these inhibitory alcohols than were the mycoplasmas. Electron micrographs showed that inclusion of stearyl alcohol in the culture medium produced changes in the cellular morphology of the treated mycoplasmas. PMID- 6794449 TI - Heart-lung transplant: a first. PMID- 6794450 TI - Blood gas analysis in surgery. PMID- 6794451 TI - Mechanisms of sorbate inhibition of Bacillus cereus T and Clostridium botulinum 62A spore germination. AB - The mechanism by which potassium sorbate inhibits Bacillus cereus T and Clostridium botulinum 62A spore germination was investigated. Spores of B. cereus T were germinated at 35 degrees C in 0.08 M sodium-potassium phosphate buffers (pH 5.7 and 6.7) containing various germinants (L-alanine, L-alpha-NH2-n-butyric acid, and inosine) and potassium sorbate. Spores of C. botulinum 62A were germinated in the same buffers but with 10 mM L-lactic acid, 20 mM sodium bicarbonate, L-alanine or L-cysteine, and potassium sorbate. Spore germination was monitored by optical density measurements at 600 nm and phase-contrast microscopy. Inhibition of B. cereus T spore germination was observed when 3,900 micrograms of potassium sorbate per ml was added at various time intervals during the first 2 min of spore exposure to the pH 5.7 germination medium. C. botulinum 62A spore germination was inhibited when 5,200 micrograms of potassium sorbate per ml was added during the first 30 min of spore exposure to the pH 5.7 medium. Potassium sorbate inhibition of germination was reversible for both B. cereus T and C. botulinum 62A spores. Potassium sorbate inhibition of B. cereus T spore germination induced by L-alanine and L-alpha-NH2-n-butyric acid was shown to be competitive in nature. Potassium sorbate was also a competitive inhibitor of L alanine- and L-cysteine-induced germination of C. botulinum 62A spores. PMID- 6794452 TI - [Energy and health. The concept of risk and its evaluation]. PMID- 6794453 TI - [Tetrahymena pyriformis GL: a test system with multiple possibilities in the screening of genotoxic substances]. PMID- 6794454 TI - Induction of passive monovalent cation-exchange activity in heart mitochondria by depletion of endogenous divalent cations. PMID- 6794455 TI - Synergistic effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in promoting an activity of phosphorylase kinase that is insensitive to ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N' tetraacetic acid. PMID- 6794456 TI - Purification of properties of rabbit liver estrone and p-nitrophenol UDP glucuronyltransferases. PMID- 6794457 TI - Human prostatic gastricsinogen: the precursor of seminal fluid acid proteinase. PMID- 6794458 TI - Heterotropic interactions in monomeric beta SH chains from human hemoglobin. PMID- 6794459 TI - The primary structure of the beta-subunit of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6794460 TI - Monoclonal gammopathy in scleredema. Observations in three cases. AB - A monoclonal gammopathy was observed in three patients with long-term and widespread scleredema (Buschke's disease). There was no evidence of multiple myeloma in any patient. Deposition of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the skin was not detected by direct immunofluorescence microscopy. In contrast to scleromyxedema (lichen myxedematosus), from which scleredema can be distinguished clinically and histologically, the monoclonal immunoglobulins in two cases were of IgG2-kappa and IgG3-kappa type. Only one of the three patients had IgG1-lambda paraproteinemia, which is frequently seen in scleromyxedema. Our findings suggest that diffuse scleredema may be characterized by paraproteinemia but that the possible role of monoclonal immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of this disease has yet to be resolved. PMID- 6794461 TI - Placental transfer of anticytoplasmic antibodies in annular erythema of newborns. PMID- 6794462 TI - Actions of salbutamol, disodium cromoglycate, and placebo administered as aerosols in acute asthma. AB - The effects on the peak expiratory flow rate of the drug sequences, placebo salbutamol-disodium cromoglycate and placebo-disodium cromoglycate-salbutamol administered via a nebuliser were examined in 35 children with asthma. Twenty children were each examined once within 4 hours of admission to hospital with an acute attack of asthma, and the remaining 15 children were examined later in the attack on two occasions. The placebo effect of sterile water accounted for about half of the total bronchodilator action both early and late in the attack. It is suggested that this effect is due to the action of water on the surface film of surfactant, causing collapse of bubbles and strands or webs of mucoid material, thus decreasing airways resistance. At this time salbutamol is significantly more potent than disodium cromoglycate as a bronchodilator agent. PMID- 6794463 TI - [Urethral diverticula in the female]. PMID- 6794464 TI - [Diverticula of the female urethra. Review]. AB - The authors present four cases of diverticuli of the female urethra, and make a review of the subject, basically from the diagnostic and therapeutic points of view. Even though they acknowledge the great usefulness of a clinical exploration which may sometimes provide palpatory pathognomonic signs, they consider essential to perform a urethrography, without overlooking the i.v. urography, due to the image of compression sometimes produced by a subcervical diverticulum on the bladder, which can sometimes be recognized in the cystogram. They also advise a urethroscopy which provides highly valuable additional data. They make a review of recent papers dealing with echographic diagnosis and consider it to be a highly useful method with great prospects. After a short historical examination, they comment the current treatment techniques and indicate the most suitable one in each case. After reviewing the Spanish statistics, they include a total of 26 cases in the present paper. PMID- 6794465 TI - Comparative "in vitro" activity of pirbenicillin and carbenicillin against clinical and environmental "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" isolates from hospitals. PMID- 6794466 TI - [EDTA sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells (strain ATCC/27853) surviving previous treatment with EDTA]. PMID- 6794467 TI - Human pancreatic cell autotransplantation following total pancreatectomy. PMID- 6794468 TI - Human pituitary hormones extraction. AB - In order to know the efficiency of the human pituitary hormone extraction method utilized in the laboratory, six batches of 100 pituitaries each, were collected in acetone. Its delipidization and the initial acid extraction (0.3 M KCl, pH 5.5) of the powder were performed in the presence of 0.1 per cent thioethanol and the extraction was completed with an alkaline solution (0.1 N NaOH + H2O, v/v, pH 10.5). Hields in weight of powder and protein concentration for each fraction were similar to those previously reported by Elrick. Characterization of fractions with disc-gel-electrophoresis demonstrated a reproducible pattern for GH, and some differences among the samples containing the glycoproteins. The hormonal activities determined by radioimmunoassay showed a low contamination of GH in the fractions rich in glycoproteins, but these latter were similarly distributed between the acid and the alkaline extracts. The glycoprotein fraction had an important activity of TSH. The hormonal content per pituitary was calculated from the addition of activities in both extracts and the last residue; GH = 3 mg (4.494 IU); FSH = 761 micrograms (13.410 IU); LH = 782 micrograms (46.920 IU); TSH = 2.939 mg (9.350 IU). It is concluded that the technique is useful since there was a low GH contamination in the glycoprotein fraction and the TSH yield was important. PMID- 6794469 TI - [Quantitative observations on the development of the genital bodies in Bufo bufo (L.)]. PMID- 6794470 TI - [Agenesis of the pulmonary valve with interventricular communication in infants]. PMID- 6794471 TI - [Left superior vena cava communicating with the left atrium. Apropos of 8 cases]. PMID- 6794472 TI - [Supero-inferior ventricles and hearts with crossed circulation. Apropos of 2 cases. Review of the literature]. AB - Two cases of supero-inferior heart are reported. Segmental analysis of the first case showed: situs solitus, atrioventricular (left sided loop) and ventriculoarterial discordance, resulting in a corrected transposition with the aorta in L malposition. The second malformation arose on a situs inversus, atrioventricular concordance (left sided loop) and double outlet right ventricle. The right ventricle was on the right and above the left ventricle giving an appearance of paradoxal discordance. The atrioventricular connections determined a plane of cleavage between right and left circulations in the supero-inferior ventricles and an appearance of crossed circulations in the second case. Hypoplasia of the inflow tract, of the right ventricular sinus is almost constant in this type of spatial orientation of the ventricles. The embryological hypoplasias are suggestive of an abnormality in the rotation of the cardiac tube in a frontal plane for the superimposed ventricles and abnormal rotation secondary to ventricular septation in the hearts with crossed circulations. The different classifications proposed in the literature are discussed with respect to these cases. PMID- 6794473 TI - [Heart with criss-cross ventricles associated with an obstruction of the ejection pathway of the left ventricle and a mitral anomaly]. AB - A case of criss-cross heart with situs inversus associated with subvalvular aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation in a 9 year old boy is reported. Surgical correction of the valvular abnormalities gave an excellent clinical and haemodynamic result. A review of the literature shows that this abnormality of rotation of the ventricles coexists with a concordant atrioventricular connection in 70 % cases; the ventriculoarterial connection is only discordant in 12 % cases. The right ventricle is always situated above the left ventricle. The most common associated lesions are usually accessible to surgery; ventricular septal defect (98 % cases); stenosis or atresia of the pulmonary artery (70% cases). However, right ventricular hypoplasia is also common (65 % cases). Six patients underwent surgical correction of the associated lesions with 4 successes and 2 deaths. Surgery is possible in these complex cardiac malformations with good results providing a precise preoperative anatomical diagnosis is made. PMID- 6794474 TI - [Specificity and sensitivity of echocardiography in the newborn infant suspected of congenital cardiopathy]. PMID- 6794475 TI - [Comparative study of uni- and bidimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of transposition of the great vessels without pulmonary stenosis. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 6794476 TI - [Importance of echocardiography in the evaluation of surgical results in the tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - M mode echocardiography was performed one year after surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy in 32 patients (average age: 2, 7 years). All patients were asymptomatic without treatment and the average cardiothoracic ratio was 0,56 +/- 0,03. Echocardiographic indices of left ventricular function distinguished 4 patients with myocardial dysfunction (2 cases of poor myocardial protection and 2 double Blalock-Taussig anastomoses). Right ventricular diastolic internal dimensions were increased in 75 % cases. The ratio of right to left ventricular internal dimension was used to classify patients into three groups: Group I (ratio Less Than 0,70) 17 patients; Group II (ratio 0,70 Greater Than 0,80) 4 patients, and Group III (ratio Greater Than 0,80) 11 patients. This ratio was not related to the age of the patient of surgery or to the type of patch used on the right ventricular outflow tract but was related to the pressures recorded at operation after correction. A ratio Greater Than 0,80 was strongly suggestive of a significant residual abnormality which was often curable. Echocardiography has become an essential investigation in the follow up of Fallot's tetralogy after surgical correction: a right: left ventricular ratio Less Than 0,70 obviates the need of control catheterisation. On the other hand, a ratio Greater Than 0,80 is a strong indication for cardiac catheterisation even in the absence of clinical abnormalities. PMID- 6794477 TI - [TM-mode contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6794478 TI - [Ductus arteriosus in neonatal cyanotic cardiopathies. Value of the recording of the cutaneous partial pressure of oxygen]. AB - Adaptation to extrauterine life is always precarious in the newborn with cyanotic cardiac malformations. Limited survival is possible in cases with obstructive lesions of the right heart providing ductal closure is delayed. This was monitored in 3 cyanotic neonates with ductal dependant cardiac malformations (tricuspid atresia, transposition of the great arteries with atresia or severe stenosis of the pulmonary valve) by continuous measurement of the cutaneous pO2. The value of cutaneous pO2 monitoring has already been established. It is a reliable indicator of arterial pO2 in the neonatal period. Its major advantage, apart from the possibility of continuous monitoring, is that it is non-invasive and may be performed at the bedside. Analysis of curves recorded over several hours or days showed the cyclical nature of cutaneous pO2, probably related to slow variations in ductal diameter equilibrating effective pulmonary flow, arterial pO2 and ductal constriction. Prolonged hyperoxygenation of these desaturated children does not usually improve their condition; progressive deterioration due to the constrictive effect of oxygen on the ductus may be observed. When a clear decrease in the amplitude of oscillation is recorded ductal closure is imminent and palliative surgery should be undertaken whenever possible. PMID- 6794479 TI - [Prostaglandins E1 in the treatment of neonatal cardiopathies related to ductus arteriosus. 19 cases]. AB - A series of 19 neonates with persistent ductus arteriosus associated with right heart pathology such as pulmonary or tricuspid atresia (13 cases), left heart and aortic arch pathology (3 cases) and simple transposition of the great arteries (3 cases) is presented. The efficacity of an infusion of prostaglandins (PG E1, 0,05 /kg/min) in improving the clinical condition of the patients before surgery was confirmed. A rapid improvement in the blood gases (02 saturation) was obtained in right heart pathology. In children with the second group, the efficacity of PG depended mainly on the clinical state and degree of peripheral hypoperfusion before therapy. For this reason, the infusion should be instituted as soon as possible, even before confirmation of the diagnosis. PG were used in a newborn with simple transposition of the great arteries in association with balloon septostomy in order to obtain an earlier result with the latter procedure. The incidence of side effects was higher in this than in other reported series. The protocol of infusion and its surveillance are discussed. Prolonged infusion of PG is not advised as it was probably responsible for oedematous infiltration of the vessel wall in one child. PMID- 6794480 TI - [Optimal age for the surgical treatment of aortic coarctation. Statistical study on long-term blood pressure values]. AB - A retrospective statistical study on late blood pressure in patients operated for coarctation of the aorta have been done, in order to determine the optimum age for elective surgical treatment. Patients were considered hypertensive when their mean blood pressure exceeded the 90th percentile for their age and sex. The series included 126 isolated coarctation of the aortic isthmus operated at the CMC of the Porte de Choisy. The incidence of residual hypertension at rest in the series is as follows: age 1-5: 16,6 %;age 6-10: 34,3%; age 11-15: 47,5 %. In spite of these results there is no significative difference in the incidence by age group. A similar study by the Massachusetts General Hospital on 77 patients showed essentially the same results. A combination of both series (203 patients) which is possible because the study criteria are the same, gives the following results: age 1-5: 11,4 %;age 6-10: 31,9 %; age 11-20: 40,8 %. There is now a significative difference between age group 1-5 and the others (p Less Than 0,02). IN CONCLUSION: the optimum age for elective correction of coarctation of the aorta is 1-5 year. The incidence of residual hypertension is only 11,4 % in that group (70 % confidence limits: 6 to 20%). PMID- 6794481 TI - [Remote results of corrective surgery for aortic coarctation in newborn infants and infants]. AB - A review of 122 cases of symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in neonates and infants confirmed the need for early corrective surgery in the majority of cases, in relation to the usual coexistence of associated cardiovascular malformations. The operative risk in the newborn up to one month of age was very high (42 %) but fell very sharply thereafter (5%). Restenosis was the principal late complication (36 %), persistent hypertension being rare in this age group. The risk of restenosis (not a significant vital risk during secondary surgery) should not weigh in the balance against life saving surgery where clinical deterioration is observed despite medical therapy or due to associated malformations. PMID- 6794482 TI - [Anatomic correction of transposition of the great vessels with interventricular communication. A series of 24 consecutive operations]. AB - The results of surgical correction at arterial level in 24 cases of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect are reported. The majority of children (19/24) had undergone previous pulmonary artery bonding between the ages of fifteen days and 3 months (average 1,5 months). Surgical correction was performed on average 14 months later. This consisted of repair of the ventricular septal defect and arterial shift to reestablish ventriculoarterial concordance with reimplantation of the coronary arteries. In the last 9 cases no prosthetic materials were used on the right outflow tract. The operative mortality was 9/24 (6 of the first 12, and 3 of the last 12 cases). The cause of death was due to associated lesions, congenital (coarctation of the aorta, mitral valve malformation), or iatrogenic related to previous surgery (stenosis of the right ventricular infundibulum). Left ventricular failure was common despite preparation with pulmonary artery banding and merited systematic treatment mainly with arterial vasodilator therapy and prolonged ventilatory assistance. The surviving children are asymptomatic without treatment. Control catheter studies did not show any significant abnormality except in one case of pulmonary hypertension. The exceptional quality of these results, the absence of prosthetic material and the hope of reducing avoidable mortality justify this approach to surgical cure of the malformation. Preparation by pulmonary artery banding and the use of this method in "simple" forms of transposition are questions which remain open to discussion. PMID- 6794483 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot and aortic insufficiency]. AB - Seven out of 348 cases of Fallot's tetralogy (2 %) referred over an eight year period were complicated by aortic incompetence (AI). The incidence of AI was much lower than in VSD (7.6 %), probably because of the prevailing haemodynamics: in high VSD, the left-to-right shunt may damage the aortic cusps whilst in Fallot's tetralogy the output of both ventricles is ejected directly into the aorta with no alteration of aortic valve function. In this series, infective endocarditis was the predominant cause of AI (3 cases); surgery had to be undertaken in the infectious phase in 2 cases. AI was coincidental in two other cases (rheumatic valvular disease and calcified bicuspid valve). In the remaining two cases, the role of increased aortic flow in late distension of the aortic valve ring is discussed. AI should be corrected in the same operative time as the Fallot's tetralogy. Late onset AI occurring after repair of Fallot's tetralogy should also be corrected; in this situation, it is often difficult to diagnose the origin of the diastolic murmur. Without surgery the prognosis is poor as the diastolic regurgitation occurs in a ventricle whose function is often already compromised. PMID- 6794484 TI - [Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva rupturing into the pulmonary infundibulum. Echographic study]. AB - Rupture of a Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the pulmonary infundibulum with ventricular septal defect was diagnosed by M mode echocardiography The differential diagnosis was prolapse of an aortic valve cusp associated with ventricular septal defect. The relevant features were the presence of an echo anterior to the anterior aortic wall. This echo was related to the aortic valve as a small posterior movement was recorded at aortic valve closure. Systolic fluttering of the pulmonary valve suggested a degree of subvalvular obstruction. Diastolic fluttering was related to the aortic regurgitation immediately below the pulmonary valve. This case confirms the hypothesis that the anterior echo produced by the aortic valve is in fact the left anterior coronary cusp. PMID- 6794485 TI - ["Windkessel" and coronary debit]. AB - The aim of this study was to support the hypothesis that aortic distensibility, resulting in a Windkessel effect of the high pressure compartment, may influence coronary blood flow, principally in the subendocardial layers. A hydraulic model of the arterial circulation including a branch representing the coronary circulation, was constructed. A pump giving pulsed flow with ejection parameters and cycle adjusted so as to produce almost physiological pressure curves, was used. Measurements of "coronary" flow were made with aortic models of the same dimension but of different compliance. The output of the ventricular pump and the hydraulic resistance of the model being constant, considerable variations in coronary flow were observed. With the most rigid aorta (compliance: 0,005 cm3/mm Hg) coronary flow was only 1% of the output of the ventricular pump. With a more distensible aorta (compliance: 0,6 cm3/mm Hg) coronary flow rose to 18% of the pump's output. These results were obtained under conditions very different from those present in vivo: however, they do raise the question of whether an alteration in the mechanical properties of the aorta due to ageing or disease can have an appreciable influence on coronary blood flow. PMID- 6794486 TI - [Quantitative morphometry of myocardial necrosis. Anatomical and enzymatic correlates, clinical index for estimating the amount of necrosed tissue]. PMID- 6794487 TI - [Acute phase of ventricular fibrillation in myocardial infarct. Importance of studying electrical systole by determining the QTc]. AB - Recent reports have drawn attention to the association between long QT intervals and sudden death in myocardial infarction and certain congenital syndromes. This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between lengthening of the QT interval and primary ventricular fibrillation in acute myocardial infarction. Thirteen cases were chosen out of a total of 21 cases of primary ventricular fibrillation (5.09% of 412 cases of myocardial infarction hospitalised during this period). Ten other cases of myocardial infarction with the same features apart from the arrhythmia were used as controls. Three series of electrocardiogrammes recorded under the same technical and chronological conditions (2 before and 1 after ventricular fibrillation) were analysed. The average QT interval was corrected for heart rate (RR) with Bazett's formula. The average QTc in acute myocardial infarction was longer than the theoretical QTc (p less than 0.05). The graph showing this increase reached a peak at the 48th hour. The average QTc in patients with primary ventricular fibrillation was longer than in the control patients (p less than 0.05) and significantly longer than the theoretical value (p less than 0.001). The average QTc in survivors of ventricular fibrillation was not significantly longer than that of the control group but was longer than the theoretical value (p less than 0.01). These results justify the strict surveillance of the length of electrical systole in the first hours of the acute phase of myocardial infarction. In this series, values greater than 440 ms were associated with a high risk of ventricular fibrillation in the first week after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6794488 TI - [Abdominal complications of heart surgery]. AB - Abdominal complications after cardiac surgery (excluding "medical" jaundice) are rare. Twenty six cases were observed out of a total of 7 847 operations (0.33%) performed between 1973 and 1980. The causes were very diverse; the most common being gastroduodenal ulceration, usually acute (9 cases). Other cases included intestinal (3 cases of postoperative ileus, 4 cases of mesenteric infarction, 2 cases of necrosing enterocolitis), biliary (2 cases of acute cholecystitis) and splenic pathology (2 cases of splenic infarction, one associated with necrosing enterocolitis). Anticoagulant therapy was implicated in 3 cases. Diagnosis is difficult in the immediate postoperative period, some complications only being recognised at autopsy. The clinical signs may be misleading and the interpretation of complementary investigations difficult. Therefore, the possibility of abdominal complications must be kept in mind, especially in patients with one or more predisposing factors. Excluding accidents due to anticoagulant therapy the following factors were associated with an increased risk of abdominal complications: previous history of gastro intestinal pathology (ulcer, gall stone, alcoholism) the nature of the underlying cardiac disease (coronary artery and aortic valve disease), cardiopulmonary bypass, and, above all, per- and postoperative incidents: hypovolaemia, low output syndrome (half the patients in this series) respiratory and infectious complications. The inappropriate use of vasoconstricting agents may also play a role. The majority of abdominal complications seemed to be related to ischaemia and anoxia in the splanchnic territory, which explains the important role of the preceding factors. The prognosis of abdominal complications after cardiac surgery was poor, mortality reaching 50 to 100% in some causes: in this series, 12 of the patients died. This justifies certain prophylactic measures: strict selection of patients, diagnosis and treatment of associated abdominal pathology before operation, prevention of low output states, respiratory and infectious complications ... and careful examination of the abdomen after operation to ensure the early diagnosis and treatment of complications, should they develop. PMID- 6794489 TI - [The intravenous nitroglycerin test during coronary angiography]. AB - The effects of intravenous nitroglycerin (Lenitral) on the calibre of coronary arteries and their lesions was studied in 100 consecutive patients undergoing coronary angiography. The coronary arteries were divided into segments (3 for the right coronary, 2 for the left anterior descending, and 2 for the circumflex artery). 510 segments were assessed (279 normal, and 231 pathological). The diameter of each was measured through the mid point before and after injection of a bolus of 0.3 mg nitroglycerin. The calibre of the coronary segments increased in 325 cases (63.7%). In 49 cases, the increase was greater than 50%. It remained the same in 151 cases (29,6%) and decreased in 84 cases (6,7%). The average increase in calibre was 16% (p less than 0.01). This had little relation to the artery under study, the location of the segment or whether the segment was pathological or normal. However, two findings were of interest: - the percentage of segments which increased their calibre was significantly higher in the normal segments (191 out of 279 cases, 68%) than in the pathological segments (134 out of 231 cases, 58%) (p less than 0.01). - Coronary lesions may change in appearance: images of stenosis or obstruction completely regressed in 4 cases, the degree of stenosis seemed to increase in 11 cases because of dilatation of the coronary vessel proximal and distal to the narrowing, and distal vessels appeared much more dilated in 5 cases. The factors which seem to affect the vasomotor response are multiple, and include the state of the arterial wall, the presence of vasodilatation or vasoconstriction prior to injection and the mode of administration of the nitroglycerin. The test should be performed by intravenous or intracoronary injection at the end of coronary angiography so as not to mask spastic phenomena. Some errors in the interpretation of the degree of stenosis or the quality of the distal post-stenotic coronary bed could thus be avoided. PMID- 6794490 TI - [Hemodynamic and coronary effects of intravenous verapamil in coronary insufficiency]. AB - Verapamil inhibits calcium influx through the slow calcium canals. The coronary an haemodynamic effects of intravenous Verapamil were studied in 8 patients with chronic coronary insufficiency documented by coronary arteriography. The following measurements were made in spontaneous rhythm and during atrial pacing under basal conditions and 10 minutes after intravenous Verapamil (0.10 to 0.17 mg/kg) relayed with a continuous infusion of 5 x 10(-3) mg/Kg/mn: heart rate, cardiac output, left ventricularr pressure (Millar 5 F micromanometer), femoral artery pressure, coronary sinus flow by continuous thermodilution, oxygen and lactate concentrations in arterial and arterio-venous oxygen difference, and index of myocardial oxygen consumption and the coefficient of lactate extraction were then calculated. The coronary and haemodynamic effects of atrial pacing were similar before and after Verapamil at a given rate. Left ventricula end diastolic pressure decreased, cardiac output and total systemic resistance were unchanged, dP/dt max increased but to a lesser degree after Verapamil (P less than 0.05). Coronary arterio-venous oxygen difference decreased after Verapamil. The coronary and haemodynamic effects of Verapamil were similar in spontaneous rhythm and during atrial pacing. In spontaneous rhythm, the heart rate and left ventricular end diastolic pressure increased. In spontaneous and paced rhythm, femoral artery pressure, total systemic resistance and dP/dt max decreased. Cardiac output remained the same. Myocardial oxygen consumption decreased mainly because of a reduced coronary arterio-venous oxygen difference and because of unchanged coronary flow in spontaneous rhythm oxygen consumption seems to have a favourable effect on the myocardial energy equilibrium as shown by the increased coefficient of lactate extraction during atrial pacing after Verapamil. This study shows the negative inotropic and arterial vasodilator effects of Verapamil to be responsible for the reduced myocardial oxygen consumption. It also caused coronary artery vasodilation. PMID- 6794491 TI - [Left ventricular relaxation in myocardial diseases. Hemodynamic study]. AB - Left ventricular relaxation as opposed to contraction, was studied by recordings of left ventricular pressure and its first derivation in primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without obstruction (25 cases, Group II) in primary dilated cardiomyopathy (33 cases, Group III) and in normal subjects (22 cases, Group I). Simultaneous recording of the pressure, the first derivation and intraventricular and intraaortic phonocardiogrammes showed the significance of certain features of the tracings and allowed a simplified protocol: ventricular relaxation was then defined from the pressure tracing (high fidelity recording) and its first derivation. The onset of isovolumic relaxation corresponded to the point of inflection on the descending part of the first derivation tracing, preceding its negative peak by an average of 0.02 s. The end of isovolumic relaxation corresponded to the crossing point of the atrial and ventricular pressure curves. In the absence of atrial pressure tracings the initial part of the rapid filling phase was included as far as the return of the first derivation tracing to its baseline (early diastole on the ventricular pressure tracing) as the duration of this period seemed remarkably constant (0.07 s). The parameters studied were: duration of isovolumic relaxation or the period defined above including the rapid filling phase; the average rate of fall of left ventricular pressure during this part of diastole; the value of the negative peak of the first derivation (dp/dt min); the rate of lengthening of the contractile elements at minimum dp/dt (dp/dt min/28P). Changes in relaxation were obvious in the pathological groups. The duration was increased and its average speed, dp/dt min, and dp/dt min/28 P were reduced. In the hypertrophic group, however, these changes seemed to be primary and contractility was usually unaffected. In dilated cardiomyopathy these changes could be considered secondary to decreased contractility. The hypothesis that changes in relaxation are specific for hypertrophic forms, and that changes in contractility are specific for dilated forms of primary cardiomyopathy may therefore be proposed. PMID- 6794492 TI - [Fragmenting of the His potential after atrial stimulation]. AB - Splitting of the His potential (H) in sinus rhythm is generally considered to be pathological but its significance during programmed atrial stimulation is not clear. This phenomenon was observed in 10 out of 53 patients aged between 19 and 45 years (average 31.8 years) not suspected of having paroxysmal intranodal block (asymptomatic, sinus rhythm without bundle branch block). Under basal conditions the H and the HV interval (35 to 50 ms; average 41 ms) were normal. Split H was observed with pacing periods of 680 to 885 ms (average 754 ms) and H1 H2 intervals of 325 to 450 ms (average 395 ms). The maximal interval between the split potentials ranged from 80 to 130 ms (average 100 ms). Splitting disappeared at the shortest periods when variable pacing cycles were used. The response to regular atrial pacing up to 150 bpm (10 cases) and to Ajmaline (1 mg/Kg) (4 cases) was normal. All patients but one were followed up to 10 to 41 months (average 21.4 months); the clinical and ECG parameters remained stable during this period. The presence of fragmented potentials between the atrial and ventricular complexes during programmed atrial stimulation may pose a difficult diagnosis problem, especially with respect to delayed atrial potentials. Splitting of the H is generally attributed to dispersion of the depolarisation wave front in the His bundle due to the persistence of the functional refractory state. Other mechanisms, especially longitudinal dissociation of the His bundle, may be discussed. From a prognostic point of view, this finding does not seem to carry more serious implications than simple lengthening of the HV interval or intranodal conduction delay, phenomena usually considered to be non-pathological. PMID- 6794493 TI - [Interauricular communication and mitral prolapse. An echocardiographic and angiographic study]. AB - The association of atrial septal defect (ASD) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is well known but its precise incidence has not yet been established. Most previous publications have only been angiographic studies and the diagnostic criteria of MVP were, therefore, controversial. In this study, 61 consecutive patients, adults and children, underwent M mode echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation with cineangiography. In the adult group echocardiographic MVP was observed in one of 23 patients with secundum ASD. These findings were confirmed on angiography in addition, four other cases were observed in patients without systolic clicks or pansystolic or late systolic murmurs. MVP was observed in four out of 27 children with secundum ASD on M mode echocardiography and all cases were confirmed at angiography. In contrast to the adult group, no additional cases were demonstrated. Three out of 11 patients with ostium primum defects had MVP at echo and/or angiography, a finding which was probably related to the common atrioventricular canal. Follow-up echocardiography 6 weeks after surgical repair of ASD showed persistent but less marked MVP in all cases. Echocardiographic evidence of MVP was therefore demonstrated in 5 out of 50 patients (10%) with secundum ASD. It was more common in children (15%) than in adults (4%). These results differ from those previously published, probably because of differences in method (use of echo and angiography), diagnostic criteria, size of atrial shunt and the incidence of associated mitral regurgitation. The prevalence of MVP in patients with ASD may have been overestimated in previous publications. PMID- 6794494 TI - [Surgical indications in infectious endocarditis. Apropos of 320 patients with 114 undergoing surgery]. PMID- 6794495 TI - [Echocardiography of an operated case of a myxoma of the tricuspid valve]. AB - The case of a 6 year old child with a tricuspid valve myxoma is presented. Early diagnosis by echocardiography, confirmed by angiography, resulted in surgical cure before any symptoms appeared. This is the only reported echocardiographic study of a myxoma inserted on the tricuspid valve found in a review of the literature of 6 cases of right ventricular myxoma. The tricuspid valves were found to be thickened and prolapsed into the right atrium. The amplitude of excursion of the anterior leaflet was greatly increased, its mass projecting into the right ventricular outflow tract in diastole and remaining there until the end of right ventricular ejection. The echocardiographic signs localising the precise origin of the tumor in the tricuspid valve are developed. The differential diagnosis with right atrial myxoma prolapsing into the ventricular cavity, benign and malignant right ventricular tumours and tricuspid valve vegetations is discussed. The precision of the diagnostic information obtained by echocardiography suggests that angiography may not be essential any longer, especially when the risk of embolisation and acute obstruction are taken into consideration. PMID- 6794496 TI - [Aneurysm of the azygos vein]. AB - A case of azygos vein aneurysm is described. It is a very rare condition, this being the tenth reported case. The patient presented with superior vena cava obstruction and underwent successful surgical cure. This congenital malformation is practically always latent. The aneurysm is usually diagnosed after the discovery of a mediastinal mass on routine chest X ray. Although its variations in size with position and respiration are characteristic, angiography would seem to be essential to confirm its aneurysmal nature and the anatomical relationships. Surgery is usually simple and should be proposed even to asymptomatic patients because of the risk of thromboembolism. PMID- 6794497 TI - [Increased fibrinolytic activity by sequential treatment with defibrase plasminogen-urokinase in pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6794498 TI - [Open-heart valve surgery after age 70. Apropos of 212 patients]. PMID- 6794499 TI - [Operative risk of open heart surgery in elderly patients]. PMID- 6794500 TI - [Prognosis following mitral valve replacement with the Starr-Edwards 6120 prosthesis]. AB - Between 1970-78, 302 mitral valve replacements with the SE 6120 prosthesis were performed, with an average postoperative follow-up of 50,7 months, using the 3 M size (206 cases) and 2 M (96 cases with small left ventricles). Early postoperative mortality was 5,6%, late postoperative mortality: 17,2%, the 5 year actuarial survival rate: 77,4% and the 9 year survival rate 71,8% (early mortality included). There was no significant difference in survival after mono- (143 cases) and polyvalvular replacement (159 cases); only a voluminous left atrium (p less than 0,05) and left atrial thrombosis (p less than 0,01) were statistically significant prognostic factors of global mortality. Late haemorrhage due to anticoagulant therapy (3%) (0,6 per 100 patient years). The most common complication was systemic embolism (3,7 per 100 patient years). Actuarial studies showed that 86,6% at 5 years and 80,1% at 9 years, escaped this complication. Statistically the favorising roles of permanent atrial fibrillation (p less than 0,05), the size of the left atrium (p less than 0,02) of isolated demonstrated. 90,4% of the survivors were clinically improved: the functional result was better when that 86,6% at 5 years and 80,1% at 9 years, escaped this complication. Statistically the favorising roles of permanent atrial fibrillation (p less than 0,05), the size of the left atrium (p less than 0,02) of isolated demonstrated. 90,4% of the survivors were clinically improved: the functional result was better when that 86,6% at 5 years and 80,1% at 9 years, escaped this complication. Statistically the favorising roles of permanent atrial fibrillation (p less than 0,05), the size of the left atrium (p less than 0,02) of isolated demonstrated. 90,4% of the survivors were clinically improved: the functional result was better when the valve replacement was not a reoperation (p less than 0,02), when the patient was not in functional Class IV (p less than 0,01), in permanent excessively dilated (p less than 0,01) and in patients without severe tricuspid regurgitation (p less than 0,01). There was no significant difference in global mortality, the percentage of embolic events and the quality of the functional postoperative result between patients with the 3 M and those with the 2 M SE 6120 prosthesis. PMID- 6794501 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmia following myocardial infarction. Value of continuous electrocardiographic recordings. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6794502 TI - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and longitudinal dissociation of the atrioventricular node. Anatomical and electrophysiological correlates]. AB - A 58 year old man who died of metastatic carcinoma had undergone electrophysiological investigation 4 years previously for a Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Rosenbaum Type A, Frank and Boineau Type IV) associated with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) at 180/mn, atrial fibrillation and flutter and slow junctional (or low atrial) rhythm at 70-80/mn. Atrial extrasystoles or appropriate atrial stimulation not only induced and terminated the SVT but also the junctional rhythm and allowed passage from one arrhythmia to another. These studies showed the presence of a left lateral Kent bundle responsible for orthodromic SVT with retrograde conduction through the accessory pathway, and suggested that the junctional rhythm might be due to longitudinal dissociation of the AV node. Autopsy findings confirmed the presence of the left posterolateral Kent bundle in an almost horizontal position, parallel to the mitral annulus (it might therefore have escaped eventual surgical section) and the longitudinal dissociation of the AV node. PMID- 6794503 TI - [Malignant ventricular tachyarrythmia due to atrial fibrillation in the Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. Section of the Kent bundle apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6794504 TI - [Double Wenckebach phenomenon at nodal and His levels. Electrophysiological demonstration in slow and irregular flutter]. AB - The authors describe the analysis of a case of atrial flutter with a slow ventricular response, the block being 9:2 with a first RR interval measuring between 3 and 4 PP intervals and a second RR interval between 5 and 6 PP intervals, the second of the 2 RR intervals being exactly 9 PP intervals. The only possible explanation of this sequence is firstly a 3:1 intranodal block (Wenckebach 3:2 in the central zone N of the node and 2:1 block at the nodo hisian junction) followed by a 3:2 infra- or intra-hisian Wenckebach phenomenon. The His bundle recordings during flutter confirmed this hypothesis with the recording of a 3:2 block after the H potential. When sinus rhythm was restored at atrial level, the intrahisian conduction defect persisted (2:1 or 3:2 Wenckebach block). PMID- 6794505 TI - [Late arrhythmias in children after surgery of the secundum type of atrial septal defects]. PMID- 6794506 TI - [Venous Doppler ultrasonography. Methods, indications and limits]. AB - The analysis of velocities by the Doppler effect has limited applications in venous pathology. There are, however, many potential advantages: the introduction of deep venous catheters, early diagnosis of venous thrombosis, studies of venous incompetence, right sided cardiopathies, follow-up of medical and surgical treatment (thrombolytics, venous thrombectomy, bypass surgery, vena cava clips). The results in a series of venous thrombosis are reported: the correlation between Doppler and phlebography was 86,5% in 110 investigations. Doppler sensitivity was 86% and specificity 91%. These results are compared to other reports. A 90% correlation was found with isotope venography in 32 cases in which the permeability of vena cava clips was studied. The sensitivity of doppler in the diagnosis of thrombosis of the clip was 75% and its specificity 100%. The main limitations were the lack of sensitivity in the diagnosis of distal thrombosis and incomplete occlusion (floating thrombi). As a complement to occlusive plethysmography and other non-invasive investigations, Doppler ultrasonography helps determine the indications for phlebography. It is useful in detecting high risk patients and is a sensitive, effective non-invasive method of surveillance in the postoperative period. PMID- 6794507 TI - [Spontaneous T wave reversal in coronary artery disease. Proof of an ischemic origin]. PMID- 6794510 TI - [Diagnosis and localization of ventricular septal defects by two-dimensional echocardiography. 50 cases]. AB - A series of 50 children aged between 1 month and 15 years old, with ventricular septal defects (VSD) were investigated by two-dimensional sector scanning and cineangiography. Fifty other children of the same age group with congenital heart disease without VSD were also investigated by two-dimensional echocardiography and angiography. No VSDs were diagnosed by echocardiography in children with angiographically intact inter ventricular septa. In the group with VSD, two dimensional echo localised with precision: --36 membranous VSDs (36/36) --5 infundibular VSDs (5/6) --2 isolated muscular VSDs (2/2) --I atrioventricular canal type VAD (I/I) --3 multiple VSDs (3/5). The subcostal view was the most useful for visualising the VSD in 49 out of 50 cases. The parasternal views only showed the VSD in 23 cases, and the apical views only in II cases. The dimensions of the left heart chambers and the movement of the interatrial septum gave an indication of the volume of the left-to-right shunt. Dilatation of the left heart chambers and bowing of the interatrial septum into the right atrium in systole were observed in all cases where QP/QS greater than 2, except when there was an associated atrial septal defect. Two-dimensional echo also detected associated lesions: pulmonary stenosis (9/9), prolapse of an aortic valve cusp (4/5), atrial septal defect (2/2), stradling of the tricuspid valve (I/2). Two-dimensional echocardiographic short axis subcostal views are reliable in the detection and localisation of VSD. Nevertheless, trabecular and apical VSDs are particularly difficult to visualise and the use of pulsed Doppler coupled with two-dimensional echocardiography should enhance the sensitivity in diagnosing this type of VSD. PMID- 6794509 TI - [Isolated intimal stenosis of the renal artery and curable arterial hypertension in Recklinghausen's disease. Association of hypoplastic stenosis of the aortic and pulmonary trunks and sigmoid aortic regurgitation]. AB - The case of a patient with Von Recklinghausen's disease with multiple localisations, cardiac, aortic, pulmonary and renal artery is reported. Neurofibromatosis was confirmed by the presence of a "royal" tumour on the left elbow and of many "cafe au lait" spots of over 15 mm diameter. There was no craniofacial dysmorphism or intellectual impairment. The karyotype was normal. The cardiovascular lesions comprised: - stenosis of the left renal artery resulting in renovascular hypertension. This was due to pure intimal hyperplasia; - supravalvular aortic stenosis with hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. There was no craniofacial dysmorphism or intellectual impairment. The karyotype was normal. The cardiovascular lesions comprised: - stenosis of the left renal artery resulting in renovascular hypertension. This was due to pure intimal hyperplasia; - supravalvular aortic stenosis with hypoplasia of the ascending aorta. There was no craniofacial dysmorphism or intellectual impairment. The karyotype was normal. The cardiovascular lesions comprised: - stenosis of the left renal artery resulting in renovascular hypertension. This was due to pure intimal hyperplasia; - supravalvular aortic stenosis with hypoplasia of the ascending aorta, severe aortic regurgitation with dilatation of the aortic ring without rheumatic valvular thickening; - supra valvular pulmonary stenosis which was atypical in site, extension and in the absence of post stenotic dilatation. The pressure gradient was mild (22 mm Hg). There was a striking similarity between the pulmonary and aortic lesions. This new syndrome may be classified amongst the genetic cardiocutaneous syndromes such as the Gorlin or "leopard" syndrome, Watson's syndrome and Noonan's syndrome. Unusual features are the absence of craniofacial abnormalities, normal intelligence, and the left-sided dominance aggravated by hypertension due to curable intimal stenosis of the renal artery. PMID- 6794508 TI - [Rupture of the heart in the acute phase of myocardial infarction operated on successfully]. AB - This case of rupture of the left ventricular wall in the acute stage of myocardial infarction, presenting clinically as cardiac tamponnade with no electrical signs of transmural infarction, is reported. After cardiac catheterisation and angiography which confirmed the adiastole, the worsening of the patient's condition necessitated pericardial aspiration which showed the presence of a haemopericardium. This led to surgical exploration and to the repair of a cardiac rupture under cardiopulmonary bypass. The authors recall the incidence of cardiac rupture during myocardial infarction, its poor prognosis, the difficulty of preoperative diagnosis, the anatomical features of the infarct which are theoretically favourable for surgical repair and the rarity of survival after surgery which relies essentially on the availability of medicosurgical facilities for very early surgical intervention. PMID- 6794511 TI - [Historadiographic study of the fixation of H3 atenolol in the heart and brain stem]. PMID- 6794512 TI - [Prognosis after heart arrest in the hospital coronary care unit]. PMID- 6794513 TI - [Mortality of pacemaker patients. Approach to a correlation of mortality and preoperative morbidity]. PMID- 6794514 TI - [Long-term results of tricuspid prostheses]. AB - The results of a series of 38 patients with a tricuspid valve prostheses (:76% Starr-Edwards ball valves) associated with correction of one or two left heart valvular lesions are presented. 24 patients underwent clinical and haemodynamic assessment on average 4,2 years after surgery. The conclusions were that signs of systemic venous hypertension were mainly related to residual right ventricular failure despite normal valve function and secondarily to the poor hemodynamic profile of these prostheses and their paradoxical motion. Using these results: 18% early mortality; 24% late mortality; 24% late thrombosis amongst survivors and 52% residual right ventricular failure; and 47,5% of excellent results. The clinical and haemodynamic profiles of the patients were analysed to determine the surgical indications. Apart from the correction of associated left heart valve lesions, it seems that the prognosis in tricuspid valve repair depends on the duration of tricuspid regurgitation and the severity of right ventricular myocardial disease. In elderly patients with chronic tricuspid regurgitation and severe right ventricular failure, long-term analysis showed 87,5% poor results, whilst in younger patients with a shorter history of tricuspid regurgitation and less severe right ventricular failure, there was 77,7% excellent long-term results. Semi circular annuloplasty is widely indicated in mild or severe functional tricuspid regurgitation. Tricuspid valve replacement, a much more serious operation, remains essential in chronic organic lesions and in some cases of massive functional tricuspid regurgitation. A regards the choice of prosthesis, the authors suggest the Hancock bioprosthesis as a logical choice in cases of severe right ventricular failure as they are less prone to thrombosis than mechanical prostheses and have good haemodynamic profiles. The evolution of the right ventricular failure even after correction of tricuspid regurgitation underlines the importance of preventative therapy by early correction of left heart lesions. PMID- 6794515 TI - [Combined valvular and coronary surgery. Tactical problems, technics and results. Apropos of a series of 100 surgically treated patients]. PMID- 6794516 TI - [Analysis of segmental left ventricular kinetics by 2-dimensional echocardiography in chronic coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6794517 TI - [Echocardiographic changes in 10 cases of left constrictive endomyocardial fibrosis isolated or bilateral with left-sided predominance]. PMID- 6794518 TI - [Comparative study of ventricular dimensions by monoplane angiography and TM echocardiography during acute volume expansion. Application to a critique of ventricular volume measurements]. PMID- 6794519 TI - [Reproducibility of cardiac output measurement by thermodilution as a function of the calculation method]. PMID- 6794520 TI - [Electrophysiological properties of acute intravenous sotalol in man]. AB - The electrophysiological properties of of 0,6 mg/Kg SOTALOL administered intravenously were studied in 15 subjects aged between 32 and 81 years. The following parameters were recorded: sinus rate (SR), corrected sinus node recovery time (SNRT), sinoatrial conduction time (SACT), PA interval, right atrial effective refractory period (ERP), right atrial functional refractory period (FRP), AH interval at rest, at 100 bpm, Luciani-Wenckebach point (LWP), AV node ERP and FRP, HV interval, His-Purkinje ERP, right ventricular ERP, corrected QT interval. At this dosage, intravenous SOTALOL displays two types of behaviour: --That common to the betablocker drugs: slowing SR by 16%, increasing the AV nodal conduction, increasing the AH interval at rest (5%), at 100 bpm (23%), increasing AV nodal ERP (26%) and FRP (20%), decreasing the LWP (18%). --Other properties: increasing intraatrial PA interval (3%), increasing right atrial ERP (II%), FRP (I7%), increasing right ventricular ERP (8%), increasing His-Purkinje ERP (when measurable) (about 6%), no change in corrected QT interval. At this dosage, SOTALOL exhibits electrophysiological behaviour similar to drugs in Class III (Touboul): those with a "wide electrophysiological spectrum". PMID- 6794521 TI - [Diagnosis of a complete atrioventricular canal with infundibular pulmonary stenosis and left superior vena cava by 2-dimensional contrast echocardiography. Apropos of a surgically treated case]. AB - The case of an eight year old child with complete atrioventricular canal, pulmonary infundibular stenosis and persistent left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus is reported. Two-dimensional echocardiography with injection of contrast in a left arm vein gave a precise and complete diagnosis of the malformations before catheterisation and angiography. The complete atrioventricular canal was demonstrated by apical four-chamber views. The pulmonary infundibular stenosis was visualised by a short axis subcostal view. Contrast echocardiography in the apical four-chamber view showed a right-to-left shunt at atrial level at the site of the ostium primum and a right-to-left shunt at ventricular level just below the hemivalve. The left superior vena cava was detected by a short axis suprasternal view which visualised its vertical trajectory as far as the coronary sinus. The lesions were confirmed at surgery, and a complete repair was performed. PMID- 6794522 TI - [Recurrent ventricular tachycardia due to right ventricular dysplasia. Association with left ventricular anomalies]. AB - The authors report a case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in a 61year old male with a 9 year history of recurrent ventricular tachycardia with a left bundle branch block configuration and without any signs of cardiac failure. A right ventricular angiography showed morphological changes suggestive of Uhl's anomaly and left ventricular angiography showed segmental wall dysfunction. In the absence of coronary artery disease, this case raises the questions of left ventricular extension of right ventricular dysplasia and of the value of left ventricular angiography in adult forms of Uhl's anomaly. PMID- 6794523 TI - [Supraventricular tachycardia in obstructive myocardiopathy. A retrospective study of 51 cases by the Working Group on myocardiography]. PMID- 6794524 TI - [Borderline essential hypertension and the adrenergic nervous system. Identification assay]. AB - The physiopathological participation of the sympathetic nervous system in borderline hypertension may be assessed on the following criteria: I) A quantitative rather than qualitative classification of hypertensive patients shows a group of patients with diastolic pressures between 75 and 95 mm Hg, in whom increases in cardiac output are closely related to increases in heart rate; 2) Clinical examination, which should include an assessment of personality, shows a higher incidence of signs in favour of an increase (absolute or relative) in sympathetic activity; 3) Plasma catecholamine levels are not helpful: the absence of raised concentrations could be related to increased excretion, especially by the kidney; 4) Urinary excretion of catecholamines is slightly raised: this is very evident when homovanillic acid levels are assessed. PMID- 6794525 TI - [Automatic measure of arterial pressure using the oscillometric method (Dynamap 845)]. AB - The reproducibility and reliability of measurements performed with an automatic blood pressure measuring device based on the oscillometric method were assessed by comparison with the results obtained by the indirect auscultation using a mercury manometer. The results of the mean values, of the correlation between successive values and of the variation of the values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure show that the readings obtained by the automatic method are very reproducible. PMID- 6794526 TI - [Data from a study of variations of arterial pressure during exercise in boys aged 11 to 16]. AB - Systolic, diastolic BP and heart rate were measured in 106 boys aged between 11 and 16 years old, at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer. The results show: -- at rest: an increase in systolic and diastolic BP with age, and a decrease in heart rate; -- during exercise: an increase in systolic BP without an increase, or with a decrease in diastolic BP. The blood pressure readings were higher in overweight and post pubertal subjects. The value of this study lies in the high number of reproducible readings obtained and in the suppression of the effects of emotivity. It completes the observations made at rest in subjects suspected of having hypertension. PMID- 6794527 TI - [Blood pressure in children and adolescents. Influence of methods of measurement - Distribution of frequent values]. AB - The effects of the following conditions on blood pressure were studied: cuff size (9 x 22 cm and 12 x 26 cm), period of rest (0,5 and 10 min) position (lying, sitting, standing), left or right arm, venepuncture, observer error. The measurements were made by a single observer in two groups of 205 and 50 children and adolescents. Systolic blood pressure was influenced, in order to decreasing importance, by cuff size (difference of 8,8 mm Hg), position (4,5 mm Hg), venepuncture (4,2 mm Hg), period of rest (3,2 mm Hg). Diastolic blood pressure was only influenced by cuff size (7,5 mm Hg) and venepuncture (2 mm Hg). The side on which the readings were taken and the use of a sphygmomanometer with an adjustable zero had no significant effects on the measurements. The distribution of blood pressure readings measured using an easily reproducible protocol was studied in 17067 children and adolescents of both sexes aged between 4 and 18 years old. The graphs of the principal quantiles of blood pressure with respect to age are presented, and the necessity of taking the children's height into consideration is also emphasised. These graphs may contribute to improved detection and follow-up of children at risk from border line or elevated blood pressure. PMID- 6794528 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children and arterial hypertension]. AB - Seventy patients (55 infants and 15 children) with the hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) were reviewed to evaluate the incidence of hypertension in HUS. Refractory hypertension was only observed in 5 infants (3 at onset and 2 after several months), whereas it was present in 9 children (4 at onset and 5 in the course of the disease). Controllable hypertension was present in 10 patients (8 infants and 2 children). Histopathological examination of renal specimens in 52 patients showed 3 patterns: cortical necrosis in 10, Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) with predominant glomerular involvement in 29 and TMA with predominant arterial involvement in 13. Clinicopathologic correlations showed that severe hypertension was almost exclusively observed in the patients with "vascular TMA". Bilateral nephrectomy performed in 8 patients led to the rapid disappearance of hypertension, thus demonstrating the role of hyperreninaemia in the development of hypertension in the HUS. PMID- 6794529 TI - [Evaluation of the acute effect of a converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, in normal and hypertensive subjects]. AB - The response to acute oral administration of 50 mg of Captopril was assessed in 17 normal volunteers and 47 patients with hypertension; 17 had renovascular (RVH) abnormalities and 30 patients had essential hypertension (EH). All patients were maintained on ad libitum sodium intake. The effect of Captopril on mean arterial pressure (MAP) was rapid a maximal within 60 minutes. The converting enzyme inhibitor induced a similar decrease in MAP in normal subjects (-5.1 +/- I mm Hg) and patients with EH (-7.2 +/- I mm Hg). Control plasma renin activity (PRA) was similar in both groups; however, the increase in PRA following Captopril was more marked in normals (8.1 +/- 1.7 ng/ml/h) than in EH (1.7 +/- 0.7 ng/ml/h). In patients with RVH a marked fall in MAP occurred (-25.4 +/- 4 mm Hg). A fall in MAP higher than 20 mm Hg was observed in 65% of patients with RVH and none of the EH group. A negative correlation between log PRA and the change in MAP induced by Captopril was obtained (r = 0.65). Assessment of the response to acute administration of Captopril may be useful for screening patients with RVH. PMID- 6794530 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of prazosin in arterial hypertension with chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of prazosin were studied in 10 patients (7 male and 3 female, Group I) with permanent hypertension and chronic renal failure (serum creatinine 40,5 +/- 5,9 mg/l) and in 10 normal subjects (10 male, Group II). Each patient received a single oral dose of 2 mg of prazosin; serum levels were studied at regular intervals over a ten hour period by spectrofluorometry Clinostatic blood pressure was measured with a mercury manometer in the patients in Group I. The rate of absorption of prazosin was identical in the two groups (t max: I,3 +/- 0,2 h and I,6 +/- 0,4 h). Maximal serum concentrations were significantly higher in Group I (33,5 +/- 3,7 microgram/1 compared to 22,0 +/- 2.5 microgram/l, p less than 0,02) as was the surface under the serum concentration curve plotted against time (206,I +/- 31.I microgram.h.l-1 compared to 99,9 +/- 12,3 microgram.h.l-1, p less than 0,01). Prazosin induced a significant fall in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (-19% and -23% respectively, p less than 0.001) in Group I, 90 minutes after administration, associated with a moderate rise in heart rate (+16%, p less than 0.01). The variation of blood pressure induced by prazosin correlated closely with its serum concentration (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that the bioavailability of prazosin is significantly higher in chronic renal failure and that a reduction of the daily dose should be envisaged in these patients on long-term therapy. PMID- 6794531 TI - [Diclofurime: a new antihypertensive agent. Effectiveness and kidney tolerance]. AB - Diclofurime is a non-inotropic arterial vasodilator and an antagonist to calcium transport. We studied its antihypertensive effect in 16 hypertensive subjects. When given alone at an average dose of 240 mg/day, it induced an overall significant diminution of systolic and diastolic arterial pressure. Among the 16 subjects studied, diclofurime lowered arterial pressure below 150/90 mm Hg in seven, induced an improvement in arterial pressure in six, and showed no effect in three. When hypertension is not controlled with 450 mg diclofurime in 3 doses/day, it may be given in association with acebutolol. Diclofurime is well tolerated. The most troublesome side effects noted were headache, cardiac erethism, asthenia and edema in the lower limbs. These clinical signs were usually transient. Among these 32 patients side effects required interruption of treatment in three. Laboratory follow-up was made on day 78 and 180 after initiation of treatment. No significant change in results was noted. Renal function was studied in seven patients having normal renal function and in six chronic renal failure patients whose inulin clearance was about 30 ml min-I. It was observed that in the normal subject, the injection of a loading dose of 40 mg diclofurime followed by a maintenance dose of 80 mg during one hour induced a slight increase in glomerular filtration and a greater increase in renal blood flow; the filtered fraction was thus diminished. Diclofurime induced a clear and sustained increase in excretion of water and sodium chloride without modifying urinary excretion of potassium. In severe renal failure, no significant changes in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow or electrolyte excretion were observed with diclofurime. PMID- 6794532 TI - [Hypotensive action of a dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine, in the dog]. AB - The effects of bromocriptine administered by peripheral or central routes were studied in neurogenic hypertensive dogs. The acute hypertension was elicited by deafferentation (sino-aortic denervation). Intravenous (0,15 to 0,30 mg/kg) bromocriptine induced an important decrease in blood pressure of the debuffered dog (Fig. I). Bromocriptine reduced the arrhythmia induced by deafferentiation, but not the tachycardia of the debuffered dog (Table I). Bromocriptine was active by intracisternal route, at a dose (0,15 mg/kg) effective by intravenous route (Fig. 2). This antihypertensive effect of bromocriptine was also observed in debuffered dogs with binding of both vertebral and carotid arteries (i.e. when an effect of the drug on central structures was ruled out) (Fig. 3), and was suppressed by pretreatment with haloperidol, a dopaminergic antagonist (Fig. 4). These results imply that the mechanism underlying the hypotensive effect of bromocriptine is dopamine receptor stimulation; we consider that an effect on central nervous structures does not play a significant role in the hypotensive effect of this drug following acute intravenous administration in the dog. PMID- 6794533 TI - [Treatment of certain refractory arterial hypertensions with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor]. AB - Sixteen patients with refractory hypertension were treated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor iproclozide at doses of 10 to 30 mg/day. Its addition to the previously prescribed antihypertensive therapy resulted in normalisation of blood pressure readings in two cases, significant improvement in seven cases and no change in four cases. Side effects due to iproclozide were relatively minor, the treatment having to be discontinued in three cases. Its association with alpha methyldopa or spironolactone did not lead to any untoward complications. Despite the success of other recently introduced drugs in refractory hypertension, this study shows that MAOI may be very useful in the management of this condition. PMID- 6794534 TI - [Low serum thyroxin and thyroxin-binding globulin in neonatal respiratory distress (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of thyroxin (T4), thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) and TSH were carried out in 34 full-term newborns, 21 prematures and 11 neonates with respiratory distress (6 with hyaline membrane disease) at 5 days of age. In cases with neonatal respiratory distress and to a lesser extent in prematures, low T4 due to a decrease of TBG was found, TSH being identical in all groups. The positive correlation between TBG and transferrin suggests a disturbance in hepatic synthesis. The authors conclude that, in cases with neonatal respiratory distress, low T4 does not mean hypothyroidism and does not require a treatment, provided TSH remains within normal limits. PMID- 6794535 TI - [The Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Clinical, biological and anatomic study of 6 cases in adolescent girls (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical, biological and anatomic studies were performed in 6 adolescent girls with the Stein-Leventhal syndrome. The rare occurrence of this syndrome in pediatrics is emphasized. The main clinical signs consist of obesity, hirsutism and menstrual irregularities. Basic LH and plasma testosterone are useful diagnostic means, as well as -- in children -- the suppression-stimulation and LH RH tests. However, coelioscopy is necessary to allow a correct diagnosis. Histological examination might not be absolutely necessary since a large biopsy could be responsible for untimely ovulation. Estrogens and anti-androgens are the only logical treatment at the time of puberty. PMID- 6794536 TI - [Disturbances of chemotaxis in protein-calorie malnutrition (author's transl)]. AB - A study of specific and non-specific immune functions was performed in 14 children presenting with severe malnutrition, before and after parenteral hyperalimentation by central catheter. Anomalies of cellular functions (reduction of the percentage of E rosettes and deficient proliferation with mitogens) were rarely found. Measurements for serum immunoglobulins did not show any anomaly; however reduced percentages of EAC rosettes and important increase in "null" cells were found in about one third of the cases. The main finding was a decreased serum chemotactic activity following activation of the classic complement pathway. This was found in 12 children and returned to normal values in all cases after hyperalimentation. PMID- 6794538 TI - Aspects of immunoglobulin G structure relevant to its interaction with Fc receptors. AB - One unambiguous message that comes from the data obtained relates to the central role played by the hinge region, and its constituent disulfide bonds, in the functioning of the IgG molecule. Segmental flexibility allows variation in the distance between the antibody combining sites, located at the distal ends of the Fab regions, and serves the important function of allowing bivalent attachment of antibodies to antigenic determinants even if the latter form a fixed array, for example, on a cell surface (monogomous bivalency). Too much flexibility, however, seen as a consequence of cleaving the hinge-region disulfides appears to be inimicable to the expression of effector functions. The hinge region and its disulfides control the degree of flexibility, thus allowing the IgG molecule to perform its varied functions. PMID- 6794537 TI - [Alpha chain disease. Complete remission in one child treated at the stage of immunoblastic sarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794539 TI - Biochemical aspects of B lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6794540 TI - Immunoglobulins of colostrum. V. Localization of structural differences between serum and colostral ovine and bovine IgG1 and IgG2 immunoglobulins. AB - Studies on localization of structural differences between ovine and bovine serum and colostral IgG immunoglobulins are described. Comparison of heterogeneity, susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes, peptide maps, amino acid compositions, and antigenic properties of immunoglobulins and their Fab and Fc fragments and H and L chains showed that structural differences are localized in the Fc region. The strongest differences were found in case of IgG2. It was also shown that no Fc fragments could be obtained from bovine serm IgG2 and ovine serum and colostral IgG2 due to their susceptibility to papain and trypsin. The results obtained confirmed our suggestion that colostral IgG2 are locally synthesized in mammary glands, whereas colostral IgG1 might be a mixed population of molecules locally synthesized and transferred from the serum. PMID- 6794541 TI - Monoclonal rheumatoid factor (IgG lambda) its association with amyloid deposits containing lambda light chains. AB - A patient with monoclonal IgG lambda rheumatoid factor was observed over a period of four years. During this time, serum level of the monoclonal protein fluctuated around 150 mg/dL and homogeneous lambda light chains were present in the urine. The patient died of squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung and no evidence of multiple myeloma was present at the time of autopsy. However, the patient had systemic amyloidosis that affected primarily the blood vessels in most organs. Both the vascular and parenchymal amyloid deposits stained for lambda light chains by the immunoperoxidase technique. These data support the hypothesis that amyloidogenic monoclonal immunoglobulins may be autoantibodies. PMID- 6794542 TI - Severe meningoencephalitis: complicating Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a child. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections are infrequently associated with CNS disease. We studied one case of meningoencephalitis associated with serologic evidence of MP infection. The pathogen grew neither from culture of CSF nor from culture of brain tissue. Electron-microscopic examination of the brain biopsy specimen revealed no organisms. Except for a single case in the literature, MP has never been recovered from the CNS, suggesting that MP-associated CNS disease is not caused by direct invasion of the CNS by MP. PMID- 6794543 TI - Physical and hormonal evaluation of transsexual patients during hormonal therapy. AB - The optimal hormonal therapy for transsexual patients is not known. The physical and hormonal characteristics of 38 noncastrate male-to-female transsexuals and 14 noncastrate female-to-male transsexuals have been measured before and/or during therapy with various forms and dosages of hormonal therapy. All patients were hormonally and physically normal prior to therapy. Ethinyl estradiol was superior to conjugated estrogen in suppression of testosterone and gonadotropins but equal in effecting breast growth. The changes in physical and hormonal characteristics were the same for 0.1 mg/d and 0.5 mg/d of ethinyl estradiol. The female-to-male transsexuals were well managed with a dose of intramuscular testosterone cypionate of 400 mg/month, usually given 200 mg every two weeks. The maximal clitoral length reached was usually 4 cm. Higher doses of testosterone did not further increase clitoral length or suppression of gonadotropins; lower doses did not suppress the gonadotropins. Based on the information found in this study, we recommend 0.1 mg/d of ethinyl estradiol for the noncastrate male-to-female transsexual and 200 mg of intramuscular testosterone cypionate every two weeks for the noncastrate female-to-male transsexual. PMID- 6794544 TI - [Lysine requirement of fattening boars with reference to their performance. 4. Selected quantitative characteristics of the carcass and derivation of the lysine requirement]. PMID- 6794545 TI - Effect of overwintering on the frequency of flies infected by the rhabdovirus sigma in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Artificial overwintering, assuming that adulthood is the overwintering stage, has been performed on six experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. In five of them, the frequency of flies infected by the hereditary Rhabdovirus sigma is always in the first spring generation than it was in the last generation of the preceding fall. This result might indicate a higher sensitivity of infected flies to winter conditions, but other interpretations, connected with the genes for resistance to the virus might be considered. In one of the six populations, no effect was detected after any of the three successive winters. It appears therefore that the genetic background of the flies or/and of the propagated virus intervenes in the response to overwintering. PMID- 6794546 TI - Comparison of various physiological traits in flies (Drosophila melanogaster) of wild origin, infected or uninfected by the hereditary Rhabdovirus sigma. AB - Flies infected or uninfected by the hereditary Rhabdovirus sigma have been collected in the natural French populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The have been compared for various physiological traits: male and female fertility, female longevity, sexual selection and egg viability. The only significant difference was the lower viability of eggs laid by infected females. For all the other traits, infected and uninfected flies were quite comparable. The viral types found in flies of wild origin, thus appear to be almost harmless for their carriers. This result can be connected with previous findings which gave evidence for the relative infrequency of infectious particles in stabilized flies of wild origin. PMID- 6794547 TI - Serum reserve cholesterol binding capacity (SRCBC): the relative importance of different lipoprotein classes. AB - Findings by several authors have motivated studies in our laboratory on the relationship between HDL and "serum reserve cholesterol binding capacity" (SRCBC). We found that incubation for 25 hours at 37 degrees C provided optimal conditions for uptake and saturation when 14 mg sonicated and pulverized cholesterol was added to 1 ml serum. Upon separation of serum to which 14C labelled cholesterol had been added, into lipoprotein classes, a higher cpm:protein ratio than expected (from the free cholesterol:protein ratio, assuming isotope exchange exclusively) was found in LDL and the HDL fraction. In a second series of experiments, the different lipoprotein classes were separated prior to addition of 14C-cholesterol. The highest capacity for uptake of labelled cholesterol was found in the HDL fraction. The major part of the 14C-cholesterol appeared in the LDL density area when this HDL fraction was subjected to repeated ultracentrifugation. This suggested that the uptake of added cholesterol by HDL had led to the formation of an altered particle with density characteristics similar to those of LDL particles. This was confirmed by the demonstration of a "new" particle which contained apoA-I, apoA-II, and apoE, but no apoB or Lp(a) antigen. Its electrophoretic mobility was similar to that of HDL. Electron microscopy revealed that this particle is larger than normal HDL. The findings suggest that a sub-population of HDL molecules may be responsible for serum binding of added excess cholesterol. PMID- 6794548 TI - [Receptor apparatus of the bronchioles and pulmonary alveoli]. AB - Applying the method of silver impregnation in modification by Bielschowsky--Gros and Lavrentiev, two main types of sensitive neural terminals have been revealed in alveolar parenchyma: 1) sensitive neural terminals of bushy type, situating in the connective tissue of the alveolar walls, immediately under flat epithelium covering them; 2) sensitive neural apparatuses with a complex structure, protruding into the alveolar lumen. They are seen as an accumulation of epithelial cells, among them fine branches of myelin neural fibres (neuroepithelial bodies) terminate. Owing to space arrangement of the terminal branchings in the first type terminals, it is possible to consider them as mechanoreceptors accepting impulses which are connected with certain shifts in the pulmonary parenchyma during the process of respiration. Peculiar structure of the second type sensitive apparatuses (neuroepithelial bodies) and their arrangement in the pulmonary alveolar lumen suggest their connection with changes in the alveolar air composition. They are considered to be airreceptors. PMID- 6794549 TI - Catch-up growth after the introduction of a gluten-free diet in children with celiac disease. AB - The rhythm of nutritional recovery in 11 children with celiac disease after the introduction of a gluten-free diet was studied. The mean age of the patients at the moment of the diagnosis was 2.8 +/- 1.2 years and they were followed up for a period of 3.4 +/- 1.9 years. The nutritional status was evaluated by the utilization of the following parameters: the weight-for-age, height-for-age and weight-for-height. It was verified that none child was well nourished at the moment of the diagnosis and during the evolution 9 of them reached a complete recovery of their nutritional status for the weight in a mean period of time of 5.8 +/- 2.7 months; 5 of these children remained well nourished during the follow up, 3 for 33 months and 1 for just a month. The other 2 children were initially classified as PCM II and turned to PCM I. The height-for-age index revealed that only 6 children had recovered from malnutrition and only 4 remained like this during all the follow-up. The other 2 children suffered nutritional aggravation and turned to be PCM I, but after a mean time of 18.4 months both resumed the rhythm of growth. Nutritional dwarfsism in 45.45% and chronic evoluted malnutrition in 54.55% were the patterns of malnutrition observed in this group of patients. PMID- 6794550 TI - [Effects of food temperature on the esophageal motility in Chagas' megaesophagus. Manometric study]. AB - The authors studied the effects of food temperature in esophageal motility by the use of manometry in 26 cases of chagasic megaesophagus of hyperkinetic type. An assembly of three water filled polyvinyl catheters was used. Each catheter had a distal side hole and was connected proximally with a transducer. One catheter was localized at the lower esophageal sphincter and the other two respectively 5 cm and 10 cm above the sphincter. Pressure changes were recorded graphically on a direct writing multichannel recorder. 50 ml of water was introduced into the esophagus at 5 degrees C, 20 degrees C, 35 degrees C, and 50 degrees C. This produced incoordinated contractions at the three levels considered. The motility pressures were quantified by planimetry and transformed in areas of mm2. A statistic analysis showed that more activity accured with extreme temperature, specially with the water at 5 degrees C. This fact permits one to understand the reason of increasing dysphagia in patients with chagasic megaesophagus when very hot food is eaten. PMID- 6794551 TI - Fractions of middle molecular weight responsible for immunodeficiency in malnourished and burnt patients. AB - Patients with protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) or burn injury have a high incidence of infection, partly related to a secondary deficiency of cell-mediated immunity. We have studied sera from 37 patients with PCM, 19 burns patients, and 8 uremic patients, and results were compared with those obtained in 12 healthy individuals. Chromatography on Sephadex G-25 fine revealed a high peak of so called Middle Molecules. This fraction appeared to be almost superimposable on that separated from sera and urines of uremic patients, but even more concentrated especially in burns patients and in the severely hypoproteinemic patients with kwashiorkor. The proliferative responses of normal lymphocytes were inhibited by the patients' sera. A significantly more potent inhibition was obtained with middle molecular weight fractions from sera of these patients. Percentages of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) inhibition were 69.38 +/- 21.69 (eluates from PCM patients), 67.05 +/- 21.75 (eluates from burnt patients), 66.37 +/- 31.38 (eluates from uremic patients), and 26.00 +/- 18.90 (eluates from control sera). Indirect evidence suggests that these inhibitory fractions may be responsible for several of the immunologic and hematologic disturbances found in PCM and in burnt patients. PMID- 6794552 TI - The influence of supplemental sodium acetate on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor induced side effects. AB - A double-masked, randomly assigned, crossover trial of the effect of supplemental two-weak courses of sodium acetate (90 mEq/day) and placebo on carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI)-induced side effects of malaise, fatigue, and others ("malaise symptom complex") was performed in 28 patients. Fifteen patients (54%) experienced significant improvement while receiving supplemental sodium acetate compared with five (18%) receiving a placebo. A relationship was observed between the clinical efficacy of the acetate supplementation and the measured improvement in serum carbon dioxide combining power. No changes in intraocular pressure were observed when supplemental sodium acetate was given. The results confirm the beneficial effect of supplemental alkalinization for such CAI-induced symptoms in somewhat less than half of the affected patients and suggest the need for long term studies in which the dosage of sodium acetate is titrated in relation to measured changes in the level of metabolic acidosis. PMID- 6794553 TI - Determination of acetazolamide compliance in patients with glaucoma. AB - In an objective test to determine compliance with acetazolamide regimens by patients with glaucoma, treated inpatients had lower carbon dioxide levels (less than or equal to mEq/L) than untreated patients (greater than or equal to 25 mEq/L). The test results may be inaccurate in some obese diabetic patients with hyperglycemia and in some patients with obstructive lung disease, such as asthma and emphysema. In an outpatient clinic population, the test showed that 35% (30/87) of the patients did not seem to be taking acetazolamide and 22% (19/87) seemed to be taking it less frequently. PMID- 6794554 TI - Hormonal correlates of follicular development in the human ovary. AB - This review summarizes recent studies pertaining to follicular development in the human ovary. Some of these studies were concerned with characterizing the steroidogenic capacity of the individual cell types of the follicle in relation to whether the follicle was healthy or atretic. Other studies covered in this review concern the oocyte and its hormonal environment both in vivo and in vitro, the effects of steroids and gonadotrophins on the steroidogenic potentials of follicle cells and also some endocrine and non-endocrine responses of thecal and granulosa cells after being separated and then recombined in vitro. The data are integrated in relation to the development of a follicle during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The studies on the isolated cellular compartments of the follicle show that the biosynthetic and mitotic or developmental activities of granulosa cells and thecal tissues, and the behaviour of oocytes in vitro, all correlate with the hormonal microenvironments that they were previously exposed to in vivo rather than those in peripheral blood. The data suggest that the levels of steroid in follicular fluid and ovarian venous blood, collagen synthesis in the thecal tissue and mitotic activity of the granulosa cells are all dependent in part on a functional interaction between the thecal and the granulosa cells. It is concluded that the fate of a developing antral follicle centers around its ability to generate an oestrogen-enriched intrafollicular environment while simultaneously secreting both androgens and oestrogens into ovarian-venous blood. PMID- 6794555 TI - Effects on the secretion of pituitary growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in rats rendered hyperprolactinaemic by chronic treatment with oestrogen. AB - The induction of hyperprolactinaemia in the male rat following chronic high-dose oestrogen administration over 3 months was associated with a significant inhibition of the secretion of growth hormone (GH) (P less than 0.02) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (p less than 0.0025), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (both P less than 0.01). Acute, but not chronic, administration of bromocriptine (1 mg/kg) to these hyperprolactinaemic animals had the effect of normalizing the serum levels of GH and TSH but not those of LH or FSH. While the effects observed on GH, TSH, LH and FSH following induction of hyperprolactinaemia are likely to be consequential to brain actions of prolactin, the present data do not exclude the possibility of direct actions of oestrogen itself. PMID- 6794556 TI - Comparisons of the neurotoxic activity of the venom of several species of funnel web spiders (Atrax). AB - A bioassay has been developed to allow comparison of the neurotoxic activity of the venom of individuals of the four most common species of funnel web spiders (Atrax species). In the absence of purified Atrax neurotoxin, the stimulatory action of the venom on skeletal muscle from the cane toad, Bufo marinus, was compared with that of known concentrations of acetylcholine. Several experiments to validate the assay were performed, then venom samples from both male and female spiders were assayed. It was found that individual female spiders of all Atrax species normally secreted several times as much venom as male spiders, but its neurotoxicity was extremely variable and generally much lower. Both sexes tended to secrete more potent venom in summer than in other seasons. Both also showed some decrease in venom volumes and potencies if repeatedly milked at short intervals. All four Atrax species were found to have approximately equal levels of neurotoxic activity. PMID- 6794557 TI - A case of IgG lambda lymphoma occurring in a patient with previous IgG kappa lymphoma. AB - When a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) undergoes a relapse, immunological testing of malignant lymphocytes usually shows that the relapse cells are derived from the original tumor clone. We have observed a patient with a B cell lymphoma whose cells bore surface membrane IgG kappa at diagnosis and IgG lambda at clinical relapse 21 months later, during which time he had received multiple-drug chemotherapy. The shift from kappa to lambda light chain expression implies that the patient's apparent relapse was in fact due to the development of a second tumour. This may be another example of cytotoxic drug-induced carcinogenesis in a patient with a lymphoproliferative disorder. PMID- 6794558 TI - First-dose effects of bromocriptine in hyperprolactinaemic infertility. PMID- 6794559 TI - A gene affecting liver activities of three glycosidases in the house mouse. AB - A gene locus is described controlling liver activities in the house mouse of three glycosidases, i.e., beta-galactosidase, beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl beta-hexosaminidase. An allele conferring low activity is present in the inbred strain LIS/A, and an allele for high activity is present in A/BrAf mice. The three enzyme activities are correlated with each other. The possible linkage between this gene and the Bgs locus on chromosome 9 is discussed. PMID- 6794560 TI - Genetic and cytogenetic studies of malic enzyme in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The genetic and cytogenetic locations of the structural gene (Men) for malic enzyme have been determined. Men maps genetically between kar and ry at 51.73 +/- 0.02. Cytogenetically, Men probably lies in the proximal edge of 87D1,2, based on the results of mapping utilizing a number of deficiencies with breakpoints in that region. A number of null alleles have been recovered; heterozygotes for these nulls and a Men deficiency are both viable and fertile. These findings are related to the one band, one functional unit model of salivary gland chromosome structure. PMID- 6794561 TI - Amino acid substitution and chemical characterization of a Japanese variant of carbonic anhydrase I: CA I Hiroshima-1 (86 Asp replaced by Gly). AB - An electrophoretic variant of red cell carbonic anhydrase I, designated CA I Hiroshima-1, has been observed in 12 apparently unrelated individuals during a survey of 13,019 individuals from the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Analyses of tryptic and chymotryptic peptide patterns of this CA I variant purified from 8 of the 12 individuals revealed the same altered peptides in each case. Examination of the amino acid sequence of an altered tryptic peptide purified from one of the variants showed that the aspartic acid residue at position 86 was replaced by a glycine residue. Thermostability studies demonstrated that all samples of CA I Hiroshima-1 were less stable than normal CA I. The specific esterase (p-nitrophenyl acetate) activities of the normal and variant CA I isozymes were essentially the same. The difference spectra of the normal and variant enzymes were essentially the same. The isoelectric focusing patterns of CA I Hiroshima-1 showed a different pattern of minor bands to those produced by normal CA I. The relative amounts of the normal and variant enzymes purified from single heterozygous individuals were similar. PMID- 6794562 TI - Localization of the human fibronectin (FN) gene on chromosome 8 by a specific enzyme immunoassay. AB - The fibronectin produced by clonal murine-human hybrid cell lines containing various complements of human chromosomes was measured. Human and murine fibronectins were assayed by specific immunoassay, and the production of human fibronectin was correlated with karyology and isozyme markers for specific human chromosomes. The data show a 100% concordance between the expression of human fibronectin and glutathione reductase, a marker for human chromosome 8, indicating that chromosome 8 codes for the fibronectin polypeptide. PMID- 6794563 TI - Aldehyde oxidases of Drosophila: contributions of several enzymes to observed activity patterns. AB - At least four enzymes contribute to histochemically, electrophoretically, or spectrophotometrically detectable aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity in Drosophila melanogaster. The one we designate AO-1 contributes the majority of activity measured in extracts of whole flies. Pyridoxal oxidase (PO) is also a broad range AO. It is prominent only in midgut and Malpighian tubules, where it apparently accounts for a substantial fraction of total AO activity. The tissue distributions of these enzymes are clearly disparate despite close linkage of their structural loci and parallel dependence on the mal, lxd, and cin loci. A similarly related enzyme, xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), is detected as an AO only in electrophoretic gels. A fourth broad range AO, not dependent on mal, lxd, and cin, is confined to the ejaculatory bulb. A similar array of AO isozymes is present in phylogenetically distant Drosophila species. PMID- 6794564 TI - Human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG): heterogeneity within individuals and among individuals demonstrated by isoelectric focusing. AB - Isoelectric focusing of human plasma samples labeled in vitro with [125I] thyroxine reveals considerable biochemical and genetic variation in thyroxine binding globulin. (1) In all individuals tested, at least three primary isoelectric bands are seen in the pH range of 4.2 to 4.5, with additional bands at lower pH ranges. Similar patterns are produced by plasma from nonhuman primates. These band differences appear to be the result of differences in sialic acid content. TBG produces a single electrophoretic band on standard polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (2) Genetically determined, X-linked differences in electrophoretic mobility of TBG are observed in several human populations. Female homozygotes or male hemizygotes for the TBG slow variant (TBG S) produce band patterns shifted by 0.5 pH unit cathodal to the common pattern (TBG-C). Female heterozygotes produce patterns with six-plus bands, representing the simple sum of the common and slow types. This difference is not the result of differences in sialic acid content. The gene frequency of this variant is 10% in American Blacks. (3) In pregnant women additional anodal bands are observed, giving the impression of a "shift," by integral steps, in the pattern relative to the nonpregnant type. This shift is abolished by mild neuraminidase treatment. PMID- 6794565 TI - Extensive variation at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase locus in species of waterstriders (Gerridae: Hemiptera). AB - Variation at the alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-Gpdh; EC 1.1.1.8) locus was surveyed in 11 species of waterstriders (Gerridae: Hemiptera) and five other species of aquatic Hemiptera. Species of waterstriders exhibited considerable inter- and intraspecific variation in degree of winglessness. Average heterozygosity (0.401 +/- 0.090) and average number of observed electromorphs (5.36 +/- 0.96) for the 11 gerrid species were well above values reported for nearly all other insect species surveyed to date. Wing-monomorphic and wing-polymorphic species did not differ in average alpha Gpdh heterozygosity. Of the three wing-polymorphic species surveyed geographically, two species exhibited marked variation in wing-morph frequencies but homogeneous alpha-Gpdh allele frequencies. The third species exhibited geographically homogeneous alpha Gpdh and wing-morph frequencies, but no significant association between alpha Gpdh phenotype and wing morph was observed in any surveyed population. These results are consistent with hypotheses evoking either relaxed purifying selection at the alpha-Gpdh locus in species of Gerridae due to the apparent reduced importance of flight, or selective maintenance of common alpha-Gpdh electromorphs. PMID- 6794566 TI - Purification and properties of two distinct groups of ADH isozymes from Chinese hamster liver. AB - Two major classes of alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes have been purified from Chinese hamster liver. The two isozyme classes have the same subunit molecular weights but different electrophoretic mobilities. They have a similar range of substrates but different KROM values and sensitivities to the inhibitor pyrazole. The ADHs are immunologically related as determined by Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments. These results suggest that the isozymes are encoded by different structural gene loci derived from a common ancestral gene. PMID- 6794567 TI - Age-related decrease in lysosomal beta-D-galactosidase activity of human liver cell lines:argument against post-traductional modifications. PMID- 6794568 TI - Identification of specific amino acids in diabetic glomerular basement membrane collagen subject to non-enzymatic glucosylation in vivo. PMID- 6794569 TI - Non-covalent intercalative binding of 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxybenzo(a)pyrene to DNA. PMID- 6794571 TI - The effect of 3-methylcholanthrene on urinary 6 beta-hydroxycortisol excretion and hepatic enzyme activity in the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 6794570 TI - Binding of radioactive alpha-difluoromethylornithine to rat liver ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6794572 TI - In vitro and in vivo arachidonic acid conversions into biologically active derivatives are enhanced by uric acid. PMID- 6794574 TI - Effects of superoxide dismutase and catalase on catalysis of 6-hydroxydopamine and 6-aminodopamine autoxidation by iron and ascorbate. PMID- 6794573 TI - Depletion by 1,2-dibromoethane, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, tris(2,3 dibromopropyl)phosphate, and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene of reduced non-protein sulfhydryl groups in target and non-target organs. PMID- 6794575 TI - Effects of formycin B on human lymphocyte Deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. Optimization of cell culture conditions. PMID- 6794576 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of 12-deoxyphorbolphenylacetate, a potent platelet aggregating tigliane ester. PMID- 6794577 TI - Endocrinological effects of strong 60-Hz electric fields on rats. AB - Adult male rats were exposed or sham-exposed to 60-Hz electric fields without spark discharges, ozone, or significant levels of other secondary variables. No effects were observed on body weights or plasma hormone levels after 30 days of exposure at an effective field strength of 68 kV/m. After 120 days of exposure (effective field strength = 64 kV/m, effects were inconsistent, with significant reductions in body weight and plasma levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and corticosterone occurring in one replicate experiment but not in the other. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly reduced after 120 days of exposure in one experiment, with a similar but not statistically significant reduction in a replicate experiment. Weanling rats, exposed or sham-exposed in electric fields with an effective field strength of 80 kV/m from 20 to 56 days of age, exhibited identical or closely similar growth trends in body and organ weights. Hormone levels in exposed and sham-exposed groups were also similar. However, there was an apparent phase shift between the two groups in the cyclic variations of concentrations of hormones at different stages of development, particularly with respect to follicle-stimulating hormone and corticosterone. We concluded that 60 Hz electric fields may bring about subtle changes in the endocrine system of rats, and that these changes may be related to alterations in episodic rhythms. PMID- 6794578 TI - General pharmacological properties of UFT, a new type of anti-cancer agent consisting of 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and uracil. I: Pharmacological analysis of the combined effect of FT and uracil. AB - The pharmacological properties of a new type of anti-cancer agent, 1-(2 tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT) and uracil (U), in a molar ratio of 1:4, were investigated and compared with those of FT, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and uracil. UFT at doses larger than 874.8 (FT: 270.0) mg/kg p.o. produced slight central nervous depression in mice and rats, as demonstrated by prolongation of the thiopental anesthesia, analgesic activity in the acetic acid stretching test, an anticonvulsant effect on maximal electroshock convulsions and decrease in body temperature. In rabbits UFT at a dose of 291.6 (FT: 90.0) mg/kg p.o. produced an increase in the drowsy EEG pattern. UFT at high dose produced clonic convulsions in mice and rats and cardiac fibrillation in rabbits. UFT had slight cardiorespiratory effects in anesthetized rabbits and dogs and at a dose of 291.6 (FT: 90.0) mg/kg i.v. it increased the voltage of the T-wave in ECG in anesthetized dogs. At high doses UFT inhibited gastrointestinal transit in mice and it caused emesis in dogs. At doses larger than 291.6 (FT: 90.0) mg/kg p.o. it had a diuretic effect and at higher doses it slightly increased the blood glucose level in rats. FT at equal doses to UFT had the same effects as UFT and the effect of 5-FU was similar to that of UFT. The pharmacological activity of uracil was much less potent. It was concluded that the pharmacological effect of UFT was almost entirely due to FT, however, UFT had much less effect than FT in inducing clonic convulsions, increasing the voltage of the T-waves in ECG and inducing emesis, its depressant effect is probably due to its constituent uracil. PMID- 6794579 TI - [Protein methylations in Caldariella acidophila: partial characterization of protein methylase II]. PMID- 6794580 TI - [Effect of D-penicillamine on serum immunoglobulins in rheumatoid arthritis]. AB - Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) have been measured by radial immunodiffusion method in 43 patients affected with rheumatoid arthritis and treated with d penicillamine (Pen). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum alpha 2 and gamma globulins have alos been determined. Serum samples were collected before therapy and after 3 months (43 cases), 6 months (30 cases), 9 months (20 cases), and 12 months (15 cases, respectively). Pen was administered starting from 150 mg/day up to 600-750 mg/day. IgG did not show any significant change, whereas IgA significantly decreased only at 6 month and IgM at every follow-up. During therapy, a decrease in ESR was observed in all determinations, while alpha 2 and gamma globulins showed a reduction at 9 and 12 month follow-up. In rheumatoid arthritis Pen seems to reduce IgM and partially IgA, along with some inflammatory indices. Thus, an inhibitory effect of Pen on immunological reactions is suggested, although a direct breakdown activity on immunoglobulins cannot be excluded. PMID- 6794581 TI - [Immunogenic activity of hemocyanin from the hemolymph of Helix pomatia and Octopus vulgaris]. AB - The immunogenic activity of Helix Pomatia Haemocyanin (HPH) and Octopus vulgaris Haemocyanin (OVH) has been tested in rabbits. Primary and secondary antibody response has been evaluated in sera by agar double immuno-diffusion test (Ouchterlony), counter immunoelectrophoresis and complement fixation. Bath haemocyanins proved highly antigenic: antibody titers rising up to 1/3.200 after the second antigenic challenge. The Ouchterlony test showed a partial identity between H.P.H. and O.V.H. No adverse effect was evident in injected animals. PMID- 6794582 TI - [Preliminary reports on homologous and heterologous intercellular adhesion in normal and neoplastic cells cultured in vitro]. AB - In our researches on the molecular meccanisms of cellular adhesion and density dependence inhibition we observed the SGS-3A neoplastic cells show a cell-cell adhesion higher than the homogenetic fibroblasts. This adhesion increases in single cells prepared with EDTA rather than Trypsin. Specific and non specific intercellular adhesion assays demonstrate that ligand molecules of coat of neoplastic cells are strongly trypsin-sensitive; on the contrary ligand molecules of coat of fibroblasts are more trypsin-resistent. PMID- 6794583 TI - Depression of respiratory drive by diazepam as premedication. AB - The respiratory effects of premedication with i.v. injection of diazepam have been assessed in 10 healthy patients awaiting minor operative procedures. Measurements were recorded before and 60 min after administration of diazepam 0.14 mg kg-1. Mouth occlusion pressure (P 0.1) was used as an index of neuromuscular inspiratory drive. Minute-ventilation (VE), respiratory frequency (f) and mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI) were significantly reduced after diazepam. During carbon dioxide rebreathing the slopes of VE, f, VT/TI and P 0.1 with PACO2, were significantly reduced. These results confirm that i.v. diazepam produces significant respiratory depression in healthy subjects. We conclude that diazepam used under clinical conditions depresses the respiratory centre. PMID- 6794584 TI - Injectable aspirin as a postoperative analgesic. AB - The effectiveness of lysine acetyl salicylate (LAS) 1.8 g, equivalent to aspirin 1 g, in relieving severe, immediate, postoperative pain has been compared with that of morphine 10 mg in comparable groups of patients. A single injection of LAS 1.8 did not give effective or consistent relief of pain, while morphine was both effective and consistent in its action. However, LAS was shown to have some analgesic activity. PMID- 6794585 TI - Attempts to reduce respiratory complications following upper abdominal operations. AB - Respiratory complications were assessed in 85 patients following upper abdominal surgery and attempts made to decrease their frequency. There was a significant decrease in the frequency of cough, sputum and abnormal physical signs in the chest in those patients receiving warm, humidified air. On the first and third days after surgery the arterial oxygen tension of this group was greater than that of the control group while from days 1 to 5 PaO2 never decreased below 95% of its value before operation. PMID- 6794586 TI - Effect of sodium cromoglycate on bronchial smooth muscle. PMID- 6794587 TI - The relationship between peak velocity of saccadic eye movements and serum benzodiazepine concentration. AB - 1 Six healthy male volunteers received single oral doses of 10 mg diazepam, 20 mg temazepam, 15 mg flurazepam, 5 mg nitrazepam, 10 mg desmethyl-diazepam and placebo in a double-blind randomized fashion. 2 Peak velocity of saccadic eye movements, serum benzodiazepine concentration, and subjective ratings of wakefulness and co-ordination were measured at intervals up to 12 h after drug administration. 3 All active treatments produced a statistically significant decrease in peak saccadic velocity. The effect of temazepam and diazepam was generally more pronounced than that of flurazepam, nitrazepam and desmethyl diazepam. 4 There were log-linear correlations between peak saccadic velocity and serum benzodiazepine concentration after ingestion of temazepam, diazepam and nitrazepam. 5 These results demonstrate a clear relationship between serum benzodiazepine concentration and its effect on a convenient measure of brainstem reticular formation function. PMID- 6794588 TI - Serum protein binding of diazepam and its displacement by valproic acid in vitro. PMID- 6794589 TI - Effervescent ergotamine tartrate (Effergot) in the treatment of the acute migraine attack. PMID- 6794590 TI - Resistance of the Meth A sarcoma-associated rejection antigen to inactivation with glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6794591 TI - The development and nature of immune deficit in primates in response to malnutrition. AB - Within 2--3 days of establishing protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in primates there was a significant reduction (P less than 0.01) of the serum transferrin and C3 concentrations. No such changes occurred in the serum albumin until 21 days later. There was an early marked development of immune deficiency, at least 3 weeks before any signs of infection. Lymphocyte E and EAC rosetting, DNA stimulation, in vivo delayed hypersensitivity, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and skin-graft rejection were all markedly decreased as early as Day 7 of the restricted diet. There was a disproportionately high percentage of null cells, especially in the spleen and bone marrow. The same types of organisms were grown from cultures of conjunctival and throat swabs of control and malnourished animals. Four weeks after the primates had been on their respective diets, a higher number of coagulase-negative staphylococci were isolated from blood cultures of the most severely malnourished baboons. Serum C-reactive protein was negative and the IgG concentration remained at virtually the same level throughout. Extensive histopathological examination and culture revealed no infection in lungs, spleen, lymph nodes or liver. These results clearly indicate that severe immunosuppression in PEM may occur long before the onset, and in the absence of, any infection. PMID- 6794592 TI - Urticaria pigmentosa: clinical picture and response to oral disodium cromoglycate. AB - Fifty-six children and adults with urticaria pigmentosa were examined and their symptoms evaluated. Thirteen patients with cutaneous and systemic symptoms consented to participate in a blind trial and were treated for 1 month with placebo and for another month with oral disodium cromoglycate (DSCG). More than 66% of the patients noted relief of pruritus and gastrointestinal symptoms with DSCG. Reduction of wealing was less prominent. Patients have been continued on 400-800 mg of DSCG daily for up to 15 months with continuous improvement of their symptoms and no adverse effects. PMID- 6794593 TI - Depressed responsiveness to adrenaline in platelets from apparently normal human donors: a familial trait. AB - Decreased responsiveness to adrenaline has been observed in five apparently normal unrelated human donors. In four of the donors this trait is inherited. Three of the donors, as well as their affected relatives, also exhibited depressed responsiveness to collagen and vasopressin but normal responsiveness to ADP and thrombin. The other two affected donors exhibit normal responsiveness to most other agonists. Normal responsiveness can be restored in all instances either by incubating the platelet-rich plasma at 20 degrees C or by addition of a low concentration of the divalent cation ionophore, A-23187. All affected platelets which have been examined have ATP and ADP contents, cholesterol to phospholipid ratios, and phospholipid class compositions within the normal range. Both the resting level of cyclic-3'5'-AMP and the ability of adrenaline to prevent elevation of cyclic-3',5'-AMP levels by prostaglandin E1 are normal. Mixing experiments demonstrate the absence of a circulating inhibitor of platelet function and suggest that the defect resides in the platelets. We conclude that the depressed responsiveness of human platelets to adrenaline may result from a defect in Ca2+ mobilization to the cytosol. PMID- 6794594 TI - Factor VIII inhibitors revisited. PMID- 6794595 TI - Failure to augment primary Rh immunization using a small dose of "passive" IgG anti-Rh. AB - The immune response to the i.v. injection of 1 ml of D-positive (ccDEE, presumably cDE/cDE) red cells was studied in 12 D-negative (ccddee) subjects who received a simultaneous i.m. injection of 5 microgram anti-D (the test group) and in a further 12 D-negative subjects who were not given anti-D (the control group). In all cases the red cells were labelled with 51Cr. Further injections of 1 ml of red cells were given at 7 and 12 months to subjects who had not made serologically detectable anti-D. In the test group the rate of clearance of the first injection of red cells was very variable, 99% of the cells being cleared in a period ranging from 3 to 20 d. Within 6-10 weeks of the first injection four subjects had produced anti-D; four more subjects produced anti-D after the second injection of red cells. In the control group Cr red cell survival following the first injection was normal in six cases and curtailed in the remaining six. Of the latter, four produced anti-D within 4-10 weeks of the first injection and two produced anti-D only after the second or third injection of red cells. Amongst the subjects who produced anti-D after the first injection of red cells antibody levels were lower in the test group than in the control group, indicating that the injection of 5 microgram of anti-D with 1 ml red cells had not augmented the immune response and might have partially suppressed it. PMID- 6794596 TI - A negative direct antiglobulin test with strong IgG red cell autoantibodies present in the serum of a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - The case is presented of a boy with an autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of 10 years duration. He had a positive direct antiglobulin test with IgG and complement detected on the red cells and with IgG autoantibodies in the serum. During a recent episode of severe haemolysis, the Hb level fell to 3.8 g/dl and the direct antiglobulin test became negative although his autoantibodies still reacted with all the red cells in a panel. The serum reacted more strongly with C- and e positive cells. The Rh phenotype of the patient was CcDee as it had always been. Possible explanations of the unexpected findings are discussed. PMID- 6794597 TI - Platelet adherence to collagen: role of prostaglandin-thromboxane synthesis. AB - The effect of aspirin and indomethacin on adherence of human platelets to collagen was assessed by affinity chromatography on collagen/Sepharose. Studies were done using platelets from normal subjects and subjects ingesting aspirin. Blood was anticoagulated with EDTA, EGTA or citrate, and platelets were suspended in plasma or buffer after separation by centrifugation or gel filtration. The adherence to collagen of platelets from subjects ingesting 1200 mg aspirin per day decreased significantly (P less than 0.05 or below). A significant reduction in adherence also occurred after exposure to aspirin and indomethacin in vitro. The reduction in adherence was associated with inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) production and was unaffected by the presence of CP/CPK. Exposure of platelets to aspirin at 24 degrees C caused no impairment of adherence. The addition of 1.0 mM Ca++, 0.5 or 1.0 mM Mg++, or 1 mM arachidonic acid significantly diminished the inhibition of adherence by aspirin. Imidiazole had an effect on adherence opposite to that of aspirin. Changes in release of 14C serotonin in general paralleled changes in adherence. The data suggest that aspirin and indomethacin impair but do not fully inhibit platelet adherence to collagen. Factors affecting this inhibitory activity in our system are the presence of plasma and availability of divalent cation. Platelet-collagen adhesion appears partly dependent upon prostaglandin-thromboxane synthesis and may be promoted by a different pathway that is stimulated by divalent cations and unaffected by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6794598 TI - Use of trypsin and lipoamidase to study the role of lipoic acid moieties in the pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes of Escherichia coli. AB - The relationships between release of (3)H-labeled lipoyl moieties by trypsin and lipoamidase and accompanying loss of overall enzymatic activity of the Escherichia coli pyruvate and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complexes were studied. Trypsin releases lipoyl domains together with their covalently attached lipoyl moieties from the "inner" core of the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase and the dihydrolipoyl transsuccinylase whereas lipoamidase releases only the lipoyl moieties. The results show that release of lipoyl domains by trypsin and release of lipoyl moieties by lipoamidase proceeded at faster rates than the accompanying loss of overall activity of the two complexes. Trypsin released about half of the lipoyl domains in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex without significant effect on the overall activity. A model is presented to explain these and other observations on active-site coupling via lipoyl moieties. PMID- 6794599 TI - Use of arginine compounds to examine the role of an essential arginine in the mechanism of glycogen phosphorylase. AB - The possible role of arginine in the mechanism of muscle glycogen phosphorylase qas studied by examining the effect of arginine compounds. Guanidino compounds with an aromatic group inhibit native phosphorylase b, reduced phosphorylase b, phosphorylase b', and phosphorylase a. The inhibition was found to be uncompetitive with respect to glucose 1-phosphate and noncompetitive toward glycogen for phosphorylase b. This is consistent with a kinetic mechanism where the inhibitor binds after the substrate, glucose 1-phosphate. In the presence of citrate and l-cysteine, N-alpha-tosylarginine methyl ester, a good inhibitor, promotes the removal of tightly bound pyridoxal phosphate. Potato phosphorylase has many similarities to the muscle enzyme, but it lacks the regulatory sites and does not have a polysaccharide storage site [Shimomura, S., & Fukui, T. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2287]. N-alpha-Tosylarginine methyl ester inhibited the potato enzyme, was uncompetitive with glucose 1 -phosphate, and was competitive with starch; therefore, it seems likely that TAME is binding near the active site of both the potato and muscle enzyme. The different inhibitory patterns with respect of polysaccharide for potato and muscle phosphorylase can be explained by the absence of the polysaccharide storage site on the potato enzyme. Inhibition by arginine compounds is related to the pKa of the guanidino fuction, i.e., the lower pKa value, the greater the inhibition. On the basis of these studies and those of Dreyfus et al. [Dreyfus, M., Vandenbunder, B., & Buc, H. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3834], who found that Arg-568 was essential for activity, we suggest that arginyl compounds inhibit when an unprotonated guanidino group competes for the "binding site" of Arg-568. PMID- 6794600 TI - Binding of zinc to Escherichia coli phenylalanyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetase. Comparison with other aminoacyl transfer ribonucleic acid synthetases. PMID- 6794601 TI - Evidence for direct metal-nitrogen binding in aromatic sulfonamide complexes of cadmium (II)-substituted carbonic anhydrases by cadmium-113 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 113Cd NMR has been used to study the nature of the metal-sulfonamide interaction in complexes of 113Cd-substituted carbonic anhydrases and the aromatic sulfonamides benzenesulfonamide and Neoprontosil. The 113Cd chemical shifts of the complexes exhibit negligible dependence on the isotopic composition of the sulfonamide nitrogen. However, benzenesulfonamide and Neoprontosil, when 90% 15N enriched at the sulfonamide nitrogen, each split the 113Cd resonance into a doublet (J113Cd-15N approximately or equal to 200 Hz). This constitutes evidence for metal-nitrogen bonds in these complexes. The chemical shifts of the complexes (approximately 390 ppm) and their pH independence from pH 7.0 to 10.0 suggest the sulfonamides are bound in the anionic form. The resonance Raman (RR) spectra of 15N-labeled and unlabeled Neoprontosil have been obtained to clarify the report of anomalous Neoprontosil binding in the nonionized form [Petersen, R. L., Li, T. Y., McFarland, J. T., & Watters, K. L. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 726]-a report based on the assignment of a band at approximately 900 cm-1 to a sulfonamide S-N stretching vibration. We find the frequencies of Raman bands observed in the range 800-1700 cm-1 to be virtually identical for the 15N-labeled and unlabeled molecules, indicating that none of the bands can be assigned to a S-N stretching vibration. The RR data unambiguously show the report of Petersen et al. (1977) is based on the misassignment of the band at approximately 900 cm-1. PMID- 6794602 TI - On the function of N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine in transfer ribonucleic acid. Metal ion binding studies. AB - The unusual transfer ribonucleic acid (RNA) anticodon adjacent modified nucleoside N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosylpurin-6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine, t6A, and its N6-methyl (mt6A) and 5'-phosphate (pt6A) derivatives are efficient ligands for magnesium and manganese ions, as demonstrated by potentiometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of the 1H and 13C NMR spectra of t6A in the presence of paramagnetic Mn (II) at 32-34 degrees C has shown that the metal ion binds to the carboxyl group and probably N6 of the side chain as well as the N1 or N7 atom of the adenine ring. A more specific and stronger metal-ligand complex between Mn(II) and pt6A is evident from the 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR data. In this case, the metal forms a complex involving phosphate, N7 of the adenine and the carboxyl group, and N6 of the side chain. Blocking the N6 site as in mt6A attenuates the interaction, as revealed in the proton spectra. Potentiometric titrations at 30 degree C and in 0.1 M KNO3 have produced findings parallel to the NMR data on the interaction of Mn(II) with these ligands and have allowed a quantitative comparisup, and N6 of the side chain. Blocking the N6 site as in mt6A attenuates the interaction, as revealed in the proton spectra. Potentiometric titrations at 30 degree C and in 0.1 M KNO3 have produced findings parallel to the NMR data on the interaction of Mn(II) with these ligands and have allowed a quantitative comparisup, and N6 of the side chain. Blocking the N6 site as in mt6A attenuates the interaction, as revealed in the proton spectra. Potentiometric titrations at 30 degree C and in 0.1 M KNO3 have produced findings parallel to the NMR data on the interaction of Mn(II) with these ligands and have allowed a quantitative comparison between them as well as a comparison of the binding between Mg(II) and Mn(II). The stability constants (log K) for 1:1 metal ligand complexes between Mg(II) and t6A, mt6A, and pt6A are respectively 5.5, 4.3, and 7.1. For Mn(II), the respective values are 6.0, 4.5, and 7.9. In the case of pt6A, the stability constants are about 5 log K units larger than those obtained for Mg(II) and Mn(II) binding to 5'-AMP [Khan, M. M. T., & Martell, A. E. (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 5585]. Thus the threonine side chain is an important determinant in the interaction between the modified nucleosides and metal ions, and these results are supportive of the idea that a facet of the function of this type of unusual nucleoside in transfer RNA is as a specific ligand for magnesium ion, a postulate promulgated earlier [Miller, J. P., Hussain, Z., & Schweizer, M. P. (1976) Nucleic Acids Res. 3, 1185]. PMID- 6794603 TI - A heterologous immunoglobulin chain recombinant carries a distinct site for dinitrophenyl and obeys the common hapten binding mechanism. AB - A heterologous recombinant of the immunoglobulin alpha heavy chain derived from MOPC-460 and the lambda light chain from MOPC-315 was prepared. This H460L315 hybrid binds N epsilon-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)-L-lysine (DNPL) with an affinity of 1.6 X 10(4) M-1 (7 degrees C). This Ig-hapten complex exhibits an absorption spectrum which is different from those observed for each of its parent-DNPL complexes. Very small quenching is caused in the intrinsic fluorescence of the hybrid upon hapten binding, as contrasted by the large quenching of the parent molecules. Chemical relaxation kinetic measurements show that H460L315 exists in solution in two conformations which exchange with a relaxation time of 20 ms (7 degrees C). This transition is accompanied by a change in the fluorescence quantum yield of the protein. DNPL binds to both conformers at comparable fast, though not diffusion-controlled, rates. The equilibrium between the two conformers is shifted upon hapten binding, and the two complexes exchange at a faster rate than the free protein conformers. Thus H460L315 carries a new binding site for DNPL but follows the common mechanism of hapten binding as that observed for other immunoglobulins. These properties of the hybrid should be closely related to the interactions between its constituting domains. PMID- 6794604 TI - Transcription of heat shock loci of Drosophila in a nuclear system. AB - We have investigated transcription in nucleic isolated from 6-18-h Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Kinetic aspects and specific products of the reaction have been analyzed; in particular, we have examined whether or not a faithful representation of an induced state, in this case the heat shock response, is maintained in the isolated nucleic. RNA polymerase II is active for at least 30 min. The combined RNA polymerase I and III activities are seen to continue synthesis for 60 min. Maximal synthesis by all enzymes is obtained in the absence of Mn2+. Transcripts from the 5S DNA have been characterized. These consist of two species, of 135 and 120 nucleotides, apparently the precursor and mature forms of 5S RNA. Extensive initiation by RNA polymerase III occurs on 5S DNA in this system. Transcription from the heat shock loci at 87A and 87Cl has been analyzed by hybridization of the newly synthesized RNA (selected by using 5' mercuri-UTP) to plasmids containing the hsp 70 gene and adjacent regions. Only those segments of the DNA to which transcripts have been mapped in vivo hybridized with the in vitro synthesized RNA, and this transcription was observed only in nuclei isolated from heat-shocked embryos; no transcripts are detected in nuclei isolated from control embryos. These RNA species are synthesized by RNA polymerase II. Further analysis of transcription of the hsp68 gene (at locus 95D) has also been carried out. We conclude that in this system RNA polymerases II and II transcribe the chromatin template accurately and that the changes related to gene activation by heat shock are stable during nuclear isolation. PMID- 6794605 TI - Reductive metabolism and alkylating activity of mitomycin C induced by rat liver microsomes. AB - Mitomycin C, an antitumor antibiotic, is rapidly metabolized in the presence of rat liver microsomes. NADPH and anaerobic conditions are required for the process. The products isolated after reexposure to air are 2,7-diaminomitosene derivatives. Specifically, in the presence of inorganic phosphate, 1,2-cis- and trans-2,7-diaminomitosene 1-phosphates, 1,2-cis- and -trans-2,7-diamino-1 hydroxymitosenes, and 2,7-diaminomitosene are formed. The last substance is a new mitomycin C derivative, and proof for its structure is presented. Mytomycin C has been previously postulated to be an alklating agent requiring reduction for activity (Iyer, V. N., & Szybalski, W. (1964) Science (Washington, D.C.) 145, 55]. The 1-phosphates above represent the first chemically characterized bioreductive alkylation products of the drug. 5'-Uridylic acid is alkylated analogously under these conditions, to give cis- and trans-2,7-diaminomitosene 1 (5'-uridylate), while the phosphodiester UpU and uridine itself are inert. Hydrogen gas/PtO2 gives the same results as microsomes/NADPH. The formation of the observed compounds indicates that enzymatic (or chemical) reduction of the quinone system of mitomycin C induces ring opening of the aziridine function, generating a reactive center at the C1 position as previously postulated by others (ibid.). The second alkylating center, also postulated, is not evident, however, under the conditions tested, indicating that the aziridine is the primary bioreductive alkylation function of mitomycin C. Identification of the products and mechanism of the microsomal anaerobic metabolism of mitomycin C are significant in view of the reported toxicity of the drug to anaerobic cancer cells. PMID- 6794606 TI - Chloroplast biogenesis: detection of a magnesium protoporphyrin diester pool in plants. AB - The discovery of a novel metalloporphyrin pool in etiolated cucumber cotyledons and in dark-grown Euglena gracilis is described. The novel pool exhibited the chromatographic properties of a fully esterified metalloporphyrin, devoid of free carboxylic groups, and the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric properties of a magnesium protoporphyrin. Demetalation and hydrolysis indicated that the tetrapyrrole moiety of the metalloporphyrin was a protoporphyrin diester. High pressure liquid chromatography of the fully esterified metalloporphyrin pool and gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic analysis of the saponified alcohol fraction revealed that the latter was made up of three major long-chain alcohols. None of those alcohols was identifiable, however, with known isoprenoids such as geraniol, farnesol, or phytol. Similar analysis of the saponified alcohol fraction of the protochlorophyllide ester pool likewise revealed the presence of three major long-chain alcohols none of which was identifiable with known isoprenoid alcohols or with the alcohols of the novel metalloporphyrin pool. On the basis of the above observations, the novel metalloporphyrin pool was tentatively identified as a magnesium protoporphyrin diester pool. It is suggested that this pool is a metabolic intermediate of the fully esterified branch of the chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway [Rebeiz, C. A., Smith, B. B., Matthesis, I. R., Cohen, C. E., & McCarthy, S. A. (1978) in Chloroplast Development (Akoyunoglou, G., & Argyroudi-Akoyunoglou, J. H., Eds.) pp 56-76, Elsevier/North-Holland Bio-Medical Press, Amsterdam] and is probably the precursor of the protochlorophyllide ester pool in plants. PMID- 6794607 TI - Analysis of the reconstitution of oligomeric enzymes by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde: kinetics of reassociation of lactic dehydrogenase. AB - Cross-linking with glutaraldehyde with subsequent NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has been introduced as a convenient method for studying the association of oligomeric proteins [Hermann, R., Rudolph, R., & Jaenicke, R. (1979) Nature (London) 277, 243-245]. In the present paper, an improved version of this approach was applied to the analysis of the complex association behavior of the tetrameric lactic dehydrogenase from pig muscle. Monomers, dimers (as intermediates of reconstitution), and tetramers could be quantitatively determined during reconstitution. The initial fast formation of dimers from monomers does not reach completion; a certain amount of monomers remains during the whole reconstitution process. Monomers and dimers disappear parallel to the formation of tetramers. The reassociation behavior of lactic dehydrogenase is described by a kinetic mechanism comprising a dissociation-association equilibrium of monomers and dimers [characterized by an equilibrium constant K = (3 +/- 1) X 10(8) L mol-1] followed by the rate-limiting association of dimers to tetramers [described by a second-order rate constant k = (3.15 +/- 0.15) X 19=0(4) L mol-1 s-1]. Tetramerization is found to strictly parallel reactivation. PMID- 6794608 TI - Esterification of an endogenously synthesized lipoxygenase product into granulocyte cellular lipids. AB - The human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL60 can be induced to differentiate into mature granulocytes by exposure to Me2SO. [1-14C]Arachidonic acid incubated overnight with these cells was incorporated mainly into membrane phospholipids. Stimulation of these cells with the calcium ionophore, A23187, resulted in a rapid release of esterified arachidonic acid from phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The released arachidonic acid was metabolized via both the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways into three major hydroxylated products, 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT), 5(S)-hydroxy-6,8,11,14 icosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), and 5-(S),12(R)-dihydroxy-6,8,10,14 icosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene B). Arachidonic acid was also incorporated into triacylglycerols and phosphatidylinositol. The lipoxygenase product, 5-HETE, was rapidly esterified into cellular lipids. Thirty minutes after ionophore stimulation, 55% of the total 5-HETE synthesized was esterified into phospholipids and 35% incorporated into acylglycerols. In contrast, the other hydroxylated derivatives of arachidonic acid (HHT and leukotriene B) were not incorporated into acylglycerols or phospholipids. Esterification of hydroxylated metabolites of arachidonic acid into membrane phospholipids may serve to regulate a number of granulocyte functions. PMID- 6794609 TI - Rapid calcium release and proton uptake at the disk membrane of isolated cattle rod outer segments. 1. Stoichiometry of light-stimulated calcium release and proton uptake. AB - We reported a rapid, light-stimulated release of calcium from isolated rod outer segments that is apparent only when both the disk membrane and the plasma membrane are made permeable to calcium by adding the ionophore A23187 [Kaupp, U. B., Schnetkamp, P. P. M., & Junge, W. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 552, 390 403]. In this paper, we have investigated the light-sensitive diskal binding sites and the calcium release mechanism in their dependence on the pH and the presence of mono- and divalent cations, including calcium itself. We have observed now that several different rod outer segment preparations (i.e., rod outer segments with an intact plasma membrane, broken cells, and sonicated material) possess a similar dependence of their calcium release on the ionic conditions, however, only if manipulated in a way that gives access to the outer conditions of sites within disks (namely, ionophore added in the case of intact rod outer segments). Monovalent cations, at concentrations between 20 and 40 mM, suppress light-induced calcium release. Divalent and trivalent cations are more efficient inhibitors by 1-2 and 2-3 orders of magnitude, respectively. These results suggest that calcium release is controlled by an interfacial potential. The optimum pH for calcium release is pH 6.3, and virtually no release occurs beyond pH 4.5 and 9. The drop for acidic pH is attributed to the pH dependence of calcium binding to disk membranes, and the drop for alkaline pH is attributed to the pH dependence of the metarhodopsin I/metarhodopsin II transition and the light-stimulated proton uptake. In general, calcium release parallels calcium binding as a function of pH and calcium concentrations, although the release saturates at lower calcium concentrations ((KDapp = 5 microM) than would be expected from the amount of calcium bound (KD = 30-60 microM). The maximum stoichiometry is approximately 1 mol of calcium release per mol of rhodopsin bleached. Concomitant measurements of the light-stimulated uptake of protons by the disk membrane revealed a maximal stoichiometry of 2.8 mol of protons taken up per mol of rhodopsin bleached. We present an integrated description of light stimulated calcium release, proton uptake, and changes of the interfacial potential at the disk membrane. PMID- 6794610 TI - Rapid calcium release and proton uptake at the disk membrane of isolated cattle rod outer segments. 2. Kinetics of light-stimulated calcium release and proton uptake. PMID- 6794611 TI - Kinetic mechanism of Bacillus subtilis L-alanine dehydrogenase. AB - L-Alanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis has a predominately ordered kinetic mechanism in which NAD adds before L-alanine, and ammonia, pyruvate, and NADH are released in that order. When pyruvate is varied at pH 9.35, levels of ammonia above 50 mM cause uncompetitive substrate inhibition and cause the slope replot to go through the origin. This pattern suggest that iminopyruvate (2% of pyruvate at this pH with 150 mM ammonia) can combine with E-NADH much more tightly than pyruvate does but reacts much more slowly because uptake of the required proton from solution is hindered. Isomerization of the initially formed E-NAD complex to a form which can productively bind L-alanine is the slowest step in the forward direction at pH 7.9, and substrate inhibition by L-alanine largely results from combination of the zwitterion in a nonproductive fashion with this initial E-NAD complex, with the result that the isomerization is prevented. All bimolecular rate constants approach diffusion-limited values at optimal states of protonation of enzyme and substrates except that for ammonia, suggesting that ammonia does not form a complex with E-NADH-pyruvate but reacts directly with it to give a bound carbinolamine. PMID- 6794612 TI - Use of isotope effects and pH studies to determine the chemical mechanism of Bacillus subtilis L-alanine dehydrogenase. AB - Analysis of deuterium isotope effects with L-alanine-d4 and L-serine-d3, and of pH profiles with the same substrates, shows that L-alanine is sticky (that is, reacts to give products 1-7 times as fast as it dissociates) while L-serin is not. The pH profiles show the following: (1) NH3 and monoanionic amino acids are the substrates; (2) a cationic acid group on the enzyme (probably lysine) with a pK of 9.0-9.6 in E-NAD, but a pK well above 10 in E-NADH, must be protonated for activity and good binding of inhibitors and is probably important for maintaining the proper conformation of the enzyme; (3) A cationic acid group on the enzyme (probably histidine) with a pK around 7 in both E-NAD and E-NADA must be unprotonated for oxidation of amino acids but protonated for binding and reaction of pyruvate. This latter group is the acid-base catalyst for the chemical reaction. In E-NAD, it is so positioned that it can hydrogen bond to (and thus when protonated enhance the binding of) a D-hydroxy or a carbonyl group of an inhibitor, but its state of protonation does not affect the binding of L-lactate or propionate. In E-NADH, it is so placed that it can hydrogen bond to both D- and L-hydroxy groups, as well as in carbonyl groups. A chemical mechanism is postulated in which the dehydrogenation of L-alanine by NAD to produce iminopyruvate is followed by attack of water from the same side from which the hydride was removed. The catalytic histidine transfers a proton from the attacking water to the amino group of the resulting carbinolamine and then removes a proton from the hydroxyl group of the carbinolamine as ammonia is eliminated to give pyruvate. PMID- 6794613 TI - Purification and properties of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase from Bacillus subtilis. AB - A procedure for the rapid and efficient purification of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase to better than 98% homogeneity from depressed Bacillus subtilis cells is described. The molecular weight of the subunit was estimated to be about 50 000. The purified enzyme exhibits microheterogeneity on electrophoresis on highly resolving polyacrylamide gels; it is suggested that this heterogeneity results from limited proteolytic modification of the native subunit. The native enzyme exists in equilibrium among tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric forms. The influence of enzyme concentration and the presence of substrates and allosteric inhibitors on this equilibrium are described. There is no simple correlation between allosteric inhibition and stabilization of dimeric or tetrameric states. The amino acid composition of the amidotransferase is reported; presence of a 4Fe-4S center in the enzyme was described previously. Preparation of inactive apoprotein by treatment with 1,10 phenanthroline and general characteristics of the apoprotein are presented. PMID- 6794614 TI - Reaction of Bacillus subtilis glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase with oxygen: chemistry and regulation by ligands. AB - The inactivation of glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase by reaction of its iron-sulfur center with O2 is believed to be a physiologically important mode of regulation of this enzyme in Bacillus subtilis cells in the stationary phase of growth. Chemical and physical changes accompanying oxidation of the purified enzyme by O2 were studied. The iron of the 4Fe-4S center was oxidized to enzyme-bound high-spin Fe3+; the S2- was oxidized to a mixture of S0 bound as thiocystine and unidentified products. The oxidant appeared to be O2, rather than peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, or singlet oxygen. Gross physical changes in the oxidized enzyme were shown by its aggregation, decreased solubility, and altered circular dichroic spectrum. Experimental variables affecting the rate of oxidative inactivation were described; the most important of these was modulation of rates of inactivation by the allosteric inhibitors AMP, ADP, GMP, GDP and by the substrate P-Rib-PP. AMP was a potent stabilizer, whose effect was antagonized by P-Rib-PP. The other nucleotides, either acting singly or acting as synergistic pairs, were destabilizers and able to antagonize stabilization by AMP. The results are discussed in terms of the regulation of the stability of amidotransferase and its degradation in vivo. PMID- 6794615 TI - Amino acid sequence of the variable regions of light chains from two idiotypically cross-reactive human IgM anti-gamma-globulins of the Wa group. AB - The amino acids sequences of the variable regions of the light chains derived from two idiotypically related human monoclonal rheumatoid factors are reported. The sequences were obtained through automated Edman degradations of the intact light chains, peptides generated from tryptic digests of citraconylated light chains, and peptides obtained from chymotryptic digestions of light chains. Comparison of the sequences suggests that the idiotypic determinant(s) many reside in the framework portions of the two chains or their J segments. PMID- 6794616 TI - Chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase from Euglena gracilis. Purification, kinetic analysis, and structural characterization. AB - Euglena gracilis chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase was purified to homogeneity by a series of steps including ammonium sulfate precipitation and chromatography on hydroxylapatite, DEAE-cellulose, Sepharose 6B, phosphocellulose, and Blue Dextran-Sepharose. The purified enzyme exhibits a specific activity of 1233 units/mg of protein, which is one of the highest specific activities obtained for an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase prepared from plant cells. The enzyme has an apparent Km value of 8 x 10(-6) M for L-leucine, 1.3 x 10(-4) M for ATP, and 1.3 x 10(-6) M for tRNALeu. Chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase appears to be a monomeric enzyme with a molecular weight of 100 000. The amino acid composition of chloroplast leucyl-tRNA synthetase has been determined. It is the first reported for a chloroplast aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and it reveals a relatively large proportion of apolar residues, as in the case of prokaryotic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. PMID- 6794617 TI - Effects of protein modification procedures on the interaction between 25 hydroxyvitamin D and the human plasma binding protein for vitamin D and its metabolites. PMID- 6794618 TI - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of internal pH during photosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. AB - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) spectra were obtained from actively photosynthesizing and darkened suspensions of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus. These spectra show intracellular resonances belonging to inorganic phosphate (Pi), a sugar phosphate (sugar-P), nucleotide di and triphosphates, and poly-phosphates. The pH-dependent chemical shifts of Pi and sugar-P allowed the estimation of intracellular pH. When irradiated with high intensity tungsten-halogen light (100 x 10(4) ergs . cm-2 . s-1, measured in the visible range), concentrated cell suspensions in the NMR spectrometer incorporated NaH14CO3 at approximately two-thirds the rate shown by a dilute suspension of cells at saturating light intensity. On the basis of NaH14CO3 incorporation, the effective light intensity obtained under NMR conditions would support growth at approximately one-fourth the maximum rate in dilute suspensions of cells. Irradiated cells maintained a cytoplasmic pH of 7.1--7.3 when exposed to an external pH from 6.4 to 8.3. At an external pH of 6.7, a darkness to light shift caused a 0.4 pH unit alkalinization of the cytoplasm. Treatment of cell suspensions with the uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), in light or darkness, collapsed the internal pH to the level of the external pH. The results suggest a strong light- or energy-dependent buffering of the cytoplasm over a range of external pH. The study demonstrates that 31P NMR can be used to investigate intracellular events in an actively photosynthesizing microorganism. PMID- 6794619 TI - Change of reactivity of lysine residues upon actin polymerization. AB - The reactivity of lysine residues of actin was measured by a surface labeling method--limited reductive methylation. After labeling, actin was subjected to CNBr and enzymatic cleavage, and all lysines were obtained either singly in a peptide or as a free residue. The specific activity of each lysine was taken as the measure of its reactivity. In actin denatured in 8 M urea, the reactivity of each lysine residue is approximately equal whereas those in G-actin fall into three categories: Lys-61 and Lys-113 are the most reactive ones; Lys-18, -213, 215, -314, and -358 are hardly reactive; the remainder, including Lys-50, -68, 84, -118, -191, -237, -283, -290, -325, -327, -335, and -372, are moderately reactive. The least reactive ones are probably buried in the native G-actin and all the others are most likely on the surface. Upon actin polymerization the reactivities of Lys-61, -68, -113, and -283 are significantly reduced while that of Lys-335 is strikingly enhanced. The decrease in reactivity could be readily explained if these residues were located in the monomer-monomer contact area although a polymerization-induced conformational change cannot be excluded. Such a conformational change may be invoked to explain the increase in the reactivity of Lys-335. Alternatively, the latter may be interacting with the bound ATP of G actin, and the increased reactivity might be directly attributable to the loss of gamma-P for ATP accompanying polymerization. PMID- 6794620 TI - The participation of primary amino groups of succinate dehydrogenase in the formation of succinate-Q reductase. AB - (1) Purified succinate dehydrogenase contains about 49 mol of lysine residues per mol enzyme. Titration of succinate dehydrogenase with fluorescamine indicates that half the lysyl groups are located on the surface of the protein and the other half are buried inside. (2) The reconstitutive activity and the low Km ferricyanide reductase activity of succinate dehydrogenase decreased as the extent of alkylation of amino groups by fluorescamine increased. (3) The inhibitory effects of fluorescamine on both activities are parallel and are succinate concentration dependent. (4) Alkylation of the native succinate-Q reductase by fluorescamine does not affect the enzymatic activity or alter the enzyme kinetic parameters. This indicates that the inhibitory effect of fluorescamine on succinate dehydrogenase is due to the modification of a specific amino group(s) on succinate dehydrogenase which is essential in the interaction with QPs to form succinate-Q reductase. The participation of an ionic group in the formation of succinate-Q reductase supports the idea of the involvement of ionic interaction between succinate dehydrogenase and QPs. PMID- 6794621 TI - Detergent-induced proteolysis of rabbit intestinal brush border vesicles. AB - Proteolysis of brush border vesicle proteins is induced by detergent solubilisation. This proteolysis is selective in that some of the proteins are more susceptible than others. The rate of induced proteolysis is decreased by decreasing the temperature, has a minimum of about pH 6 and is effectively prevented by a combination of the protease inhibitors, EDTA, diisopropylfluorophosphate and iodoacetamide. PMID- 6794622 TI - Aldosterone stimulates Na+ transport without affecting citrate synthase activity in cultured cells. AB - Aldosterone increases citrate synthase activity in toad urinary bladder and mammalian kidney. It has been suggested that this action is important to aldosterone stimulation of Na+ transport, and it has been used as a marker of those epithelia which are stimulated by aldosterone. We describe three continuous lines of cultured cells derived from toad urinary bladder and toad kidney in which aldosterone increases active Na+ transport but does not increase the activity of citrate synthase. Therefore, in cultured cells at least, citrate synthase is not a critical enzyme for, or a suitable marker of, aldosterone stimulation of Na+ transport. PMID- 6794623 TI - Carrier-mediated transport of D-ribose by Rhodotorula glutinis. AB - The kinetics of D-ribose transport by Rhodotorula glutinis were investigated over a 1 000-fold range of sugar concentrations. Analysis of the saturation isotherm revealed the presence of two carrier systems for D-ribose in the Rhodotorula plasma membrane. These two carriers exhibited Km values of 1.3 and 30 mM. At saturating concentrations of D-ribose, the low Km carrier contributes less than 10% to the total rate of transport. Although D-ribose is metabolized rapidly by Rhodotorula, intracellular free sugar concentrations exceed those in the medium. In addition, the transport of this pentose is inhibited by the proton-conductors, 2,4-dinitrophenol and carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. These data suggest that Rhodotorula cells are capable of an energy-dependent, concentrative transport of D-ribose. PMID- 6794624 TI - Sodium-dependent and calcium-dependent calcium transport by rat brain microsomes. AB - Microsomal vesicles prepared from rat brain contain a Na+-Ca2+ exchange transport system capable of accumulating Ca2+ in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. The Ca2+ accumulated by these vesicles was released by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 but not by EGTA. The Km value for Ca2+ uptake was 23 microM with a maximal velocity of 21 nmol Ca2+/mg per min. Ca2+ uptake was significantly inhibited by La3+, Sr2+, Mn2+ and Ba2+ and to a lesser extent by Mg2+. 45Ca2+ accumulated by Na+-dependent uptake could be released by 40Ca2+, indicating the presence of a Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange activity in the microsomes. Ca2+-Ca2+ exchange was stimulated in Li+- and K+-containing media as compared to choline+ media. Microsomes also catalyzed ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake (in the absence of Na+ gradient). The Ca2+ sequestered by this mechanism could be released by extravesicular Na+, indicating that both the ATP-dependent and the Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake systems are present in the same membrane. The microsomal preparation used did not contain measurable amounts of succinate dehydrogenase activity or oligomycin-azide-dinitrophenol sensitive ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Thus, the Ca2+ accumulation observed was not due to contaminating mitochondria. The preparation was enriched for 5' nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase (plasma membrane markers) as well as antimycin A-resistant NADPH-dependent cytochrome c reductase activity (an endoplasmic reticulum marker). PMID- 6794625 TI - Anion transport regulates intracellular pH in renal cortical tissue. AB - The regulation of cell pH by anion transport was examined in suspensions of rabbit renal proximal tubules. Values for cell pH were derived from 14C-labeled 5,5-dimethyloxazolidine-2,4-dione distribution. In buffer with 10 mM/l HCO3-- and gassed with 95% O2/5% CO2, the anion transport inhibitors, 4-acetamido-4' isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic stilbene and furosemide, raised the cell-to extracellular pH gradient from 0.23 +/- 0.02 to 0.31 +/- 0.02 and 0.31 +/- 0.03, respectively, but in combination their effects were not additive. Replacement of extracellular Cl-- by NO3-- raised the pH gradient from 0.24 +/- 0.04 to 0.37 +/- 0.05. Neither inhibitor raised the pH gradient in Cl-- -free media. Incubation of suspensions in HCO3-- and CO2-free media raised the pH gradient from 0.18 +/- 0.02 to 0.29 +/- 0.03. Removal of Cl-- in addition to HCO3-- and CO2 raised the pH gradient still further, to 0.36 +/- 0.02. The results demonstrate that two different anion transport inhibitors raise cell pH and the cell-to-extracellular pH gradient in proximal tubules and are consistent with the idea that the mechanism for this effect is inhibition of alkali anion exit from the tubule cell. This process appears to depend on extracellular Cl-- and probably occurs primarily by HCO3-- transport. The results support the concept that alkali anion transport, most probably HCO3-- exit from the peritubular cell border, is an important regulator of cell pH in renal proximal tubule. PMID- 6794626 TI - Modification of functional arginine residues in purified bovine testicular hyaluronidase with butane-2, 3-dione. AB - Purified bovine testicular hyaluronidase (hyaluronate 4-glycanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.35) was inactivated by butane-2,3-dione in either borate or Hepes buffer, pH 8.3. The presence of borate enhanced the inactivation process which followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a calculated second-order rate constant of 13.54M-1 min-1. Using kinetic data it was estimated that the modification of 1 mol arginine per mol enzyme was sufficient for inactivation to occur, whereas amino acid analysis indicated that 4 mol arginine had been modified. The inactivation process was partially prevented by using either competitive inhibitors or substrates of the enzyme, thus indicating that the essential arginine residue is close to the active site of hyaluronidase. A full kinetic analysis of the enzyme with either hyaluronic acid or chondroitin 6-sulphate as substrate showed that the activity of hyaluronidase was uncompetitively activated by either protons or NaCl. The product obtained by reduction of the corboxyl groups of hyaluronic acid to the corresponding alcohol groups was a competitive inhibitor. The possibility that the microenvironment of hyaluronic acid was responsible for the observed kinetic effects of pH and ionic strength was dispelled. It is concluded that these data are compatible with a mechanism that involves anionic interaction between a carboxyl group on the substrate and an arginine residue on the enzyme. PMID- 6794627 TI - Reversible microsomal binding of hepatic aldolase. AB - Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate lyase, EC 4.1.2.13) partitions between the microsomes and the cytosol when a rat liver homogenate is fractionated by differential centrifugation. Gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion indicate that the one isozyme present in the liver of the young adult rat is found in both fractions. The association of the aldolase with membranes is differentially sensitive to a variety of metabolites and inorganic salts. In the absence of cellular salts, 1 mM fructose 1,6 bisphosphate or glucose 1,6-bisphosphate elutes 50% of the enzyme from the microsomes. About 9 mM Pi or citrate is necessary to produce the same effect. With other metabolites or inorganic salts higher concentrations are required. The fraction of total enzyme which partitions with the microsomes when a homogenate is submitted to high speed centrifugation, correlates inversely with the level of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in the supernatant solution and this concentration is higher when the tissue concentration in the homogenate is greater. The Km for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate of 3 . 10(-4) for aldolase bound to microsomes is decreased to 6 . 10(-6) M when the enzyme is dissociated from the membranes with salt. These observations appear relevant to the ongoing discussion regarding the physiological relevance of the subcellular localization of glycolytic enzymes. PMID- 6794628 TI - Rat intestinal microvillus membrane sucrase-isomaltase is a single high molecular weight protein and fully active enzyme in the absence of luminal factors. AB - Sucrase-isomaltase immunoprecipitated from brush border of an intestinal transplant lacking pancreatic proteases was found to be a single, high molecular weight protein. Elastase digestion converted this protein into two subunits which co-migrated on electrophoresis with those normally found on the microvillus membrane. The high molecular weight form had full sucrase and isomaltase activities. PMID- 6794629 TI - Activation of the metabolism of the fatty acyl group in granulocyte phospholipids by phorbol myristate acetate. AB - Phorbol myristate acetate is known to reproduce the stimulated oxidative activities characteristic of phagocytosis and its initial action is on the cell membrane. In the present study the effect of phorbol myristate acetate on the metabolism of the fatty acyl groups of granulocyte phospholipids was examined and compared with that of phagocytic stimuli. Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated the labeling of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol by [1-14C]palmitic acid but not by [U-14C]glycerol, whereas starch granules selectively increased the labeling of phosphatidylinositol by both radioactive tracers. Labeled palmitic acid was found at both sn-1- and sn-2 positions of phospholipids and more radioactivity was recovered from the 2 position. The radioactivity at both positions was enhanced in stimulated cells. These data suggest that phorbol myristate acetate increased palmitic acid incorporation into glycerophospholipids by increasing the acylation of the lyso derivatives and that starch granules enhanced the formation of phosphatidylinositol via de novo synthesis and acylation of the lyso derivative as well. Both phorbol myristate acetate and starch granules selectively augmented the incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol which exhibited the highest specific radioactivity among the phospholipids in control and in stimulated cells. The possible significance of the increased incorporation of arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol is discussed. PMID- 6794630 TI - Reduced immunoregulatory potency of low density lipoproteins with selectively modified arginine and lysine residues of apolipoprotein B. AB - Human plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) suppress lymphocyte activation in vitro by inhibiting the early, membrane-associated events such as phytohemagglutinin-enhanced Ca2+ accumulation and phosphatidylinositol turnover. Chemical modification of the arginine residues of the protein constituent of LDL by 1,2-cyclohexanedione/borate or of the lysine residues by reductive methylation substantially decreases the immunosuppressive potency of LDL. The decrease in inhibitory capability of LDL correlates with a reduction in the ability of the derivatized LDL to compete with 125I-labeled LDL for lymphocyte membrane receptors. This correlation indicates that immunoregulation by LDL is the direct result of the binding of LDL to specific receptors at the cell surface. The receptor recognition site of LDL may consist of a high content of basic amino acid residues such that chemical modification of the LDL apolipoprotein reduces the LDL-lymphocyte interaction by specifically altering the change and/or steric properties of the receptor recognition site. Alternatively, chemical modification of arginine or lysine may cause a conformational change of the lipoprotein which is transmitted to the receptor recognition site. Derivatization of lysine or arginine residues does not elicit gross structural alteration of LDL, as evidenced by chemical analysis and by fluorescence quenching analysis. The intrinsic fluorescence intensity of LDL is, however, decreased by chemical modification, indicative of a minor but perhaps biologically significant structural alteration. PMID- 6794631 TI - Novel transformations of arachidonic acid by the rat thyroid in vitro. AB - The transformation of arachidonic acid by the rat thyroid in vitro has been investigated. At least two metabolites have been partially characterized: they differed from known metabolites of arachidonic acid in terms of retention volume in liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectrophotometry and pharmacology (formation not inhibited by indomethacin and enhanced by eicosatetraynoic acid). The analysis by chemical ionization mass spectrometry suggested that these metabolites might be diketo-monohydroxy- and monoketo-dihydroxy-compounds. The conversion of arachidonic acid into these compounds was stimulated by ionophore A23187, decreased by the peroxidase inhibitor methimazole and potentiated by iodide, suggesting that this pathway is under the control of Ca2+ and of a peroxidase product. PMID- 6794632 TI - Properties of apolipoprotein B in urea and in aqueous buffers. The use of glutathione and nitrogen in its solubilization. PMID- 6794633 TI - Differentiation of ob 17 preadipocytes to adipocytes. Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha and relationship to prostaglandin synthesis. AB - The adipose conversion of ob 17 preadipose cells can be irreversibly blocked when prostaglandin F2alpha is included post-confluence for a minimum of 24 h in insulin-containing media. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 are inactive. The lack of adipose conversion is accompanied by the maintenance of a fusiform cell shape, by a slow increase in cell number and by a potent rise in de novo prostaglandin synthesis; it is paralleled by the absence of the characteristic phenotypes of adipose conversion. The multiple effects of prostaglandin F2alpha are dose dependent, with half-maximal concentrations ranging from 10 to 40 nM. The absence of differentiation and the high rate of prostaglandin synthesis in the presence of prostaglandin F2alpha are likely a consequence of a sustained growth, as also observed with other growth-promoting agents (bovine retinal extract and cat serum). Indomethacin, while suppressing endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, is unable to reverse the long-term and multiple effects of prostaglandin F2alpha. Although adipose conversion normally follows a decrease in prostaglandin production (R. Negrel and G. Ailhaud, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1981) 98, 768-777), these results indicate that both events can be dissociated. PMID- 6794634 TI - Adaptive modification of membrane lipids in Tetrahymena pyriformis during starvation. Alterations in phospholipid composition and positional distribution of fatty acyl chains. PMID- 6794635 TI - Propranolol increases the biosynthesis of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine in the toad retina. Studies in the entire and subcellular fractions. AB - 1. Intact toad retinas incubated for short periods of time with [2-3H]glycerol were subject to subcellular fractionation. 2. The composition and labeling of glycerolipids were studied in the following subcellular fractions: rod outer segments (ROS), nuclear-photoreceptor inner segment synaptic body (P1), synaptosomal-mitochondrial (P2), microsomal and cytosolic. 3. It was concluded that the biosynthetic de novo route was followed by [2-3H]glycerol in the toad retina since radioactive was located solely in the glycerol backbone of lipids and phosphatidic acid specific activity was the highest. 4. Propranolol produces an increase in the biosynthesis of acidic phospholipids and inhibition in the biosynthesis of zwitterionic lipids in the entire toad retina. The effect was mainly located in microsomes and in the soluble fraction during the first minutes of incubation, being spread afterwards to other fractions. 5. These data are consistent with the view that enzymes of the biosynthesis of glycerolipids are modified in the retinal endoplasmic reticulum by propranolol, providing a useful tool to evaluate the regulation of the pathway. PMID- 6794636 TI - Effect of core composition and particle size of lipid emulsions on apolipoprotein transfer of plasma lipoproteins in vivo. AB - Lipid emulsions corresponding in size and surface composition to chylomicron and low density lipoprotein but differing in lipid core composition were injected into rats a tail vein cannula and 10 min later blood was withdrawn via the abdominal aorta. Plasma lipoproteins were isolated by ultracentrifugation and the lipid and apolipoprotein composition was determined by gas-liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis, respectively. It was found that apolipoprotein C peptides were transferred to Sf greater than 400 particles of large diameter regardless of whether their cores contained cholesteryl esters or triacylglycerols, but not to Sf greater than 400 particles of small diameter. Apolipoprotein A-I transferred to both large and small diameter cholesteryl ester core particles but only to larger diameter triacylglycerol core particles. In contrast, apolipoprotein E became associated with small and large diameter particles regardless of core composition. In addition, all Sf greater than 400 fractions contained significant amounts of apopeptides with molecular weights greater than 45 000, which did not correspond to the common apolipoproteins. This is the first study to prove systematically the effects of lipid composition and particle size on apolipoprotein transfer in vivo. PMID- 6794637 TI - Fractionation of individual, biologically active factor VIII multimers. AB - We have designed an electrophoretic system for the fractionation of individual, biologically active multimers of factor VIII. Human factor VIII, purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B from plasma cryoprecipitate, was submitted to electrophoresis without SDS on 2.0% polyacrylamide gels in 0.04 M Tris/0.06 M Tes buffer, pH 7.5. Staining with Coomassie blue revealed a series of protein bands. Measurement of electrophoretic mobility showed constant size intervals between adjacent bands. Electrophoresis in a second dimension, in the presence of SDS, resulted in an identical order of mobilities, suggesting that the different migration rates of factor VIII proteins in the first electrophoretic system were size- and not charge-dependent. After electrophoresis in the absence of SDS both factor VIII coagulant and ristocetin cofactor activities as well as factor VIII related antigen were recovered by elution from gel slices. The distribution of activity peaks resembled that of Coomassie-stained factor VIII proteins found in control gels. We thus demonstrate that an electrophoretic fractionation of factor VIII multimers is possible even at neutral pH where factor VIII activities are retained. PMID- 6794638 TI - Isolation and characterization of a soluble, immunoactive peptide of glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - A soluble immunoactive peptide with a molecular weight of 16 000 was isolated and purified from the cyanogen bromide digest of the insoluble 50 000 dalton glial fibrillary acidic protein by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration followed by DEAE-Bio gel A chromatography. The homogeneity of the peptide was established by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrohporesis and isoelectric focusing. The peptide from several species showed immunocrossreaction with rabbit antibody to intact glial fibrillary acidic protein. The peptide has a pI value of 5.32. The amino acid sequence of 28 residues from the amino terminus of the calf peptide has been determined. PMID- 6794639 TI - A comparison of the actions of trypsin and pepsin on porcine immunoglobulin M and their effects on biological activity. AB - The action of trypsin at 55 degree C and pH 8.3 on pig IgM anti-Salmonella has been compared with the action of pepsin at 37 degree C and pH 4.6. Both processes cause the gradual removal of Fab arms and Cmu2 domains to produce eventually an (Fc)5 fragment. However, during tryptic digestion Fab arms are preferentially removed from the same subunit, whereas peptic digestion causes random removal from any subunit. At intermediate stages of digestion both processes produce partially fragmented molecules which consist of an (Fc)5 portion still attached to limited numbers of Fab arms. Both processes cause a gradual decrease in the ability of molecules to agglutinate Salmonella, but complement fixation by the complexes declines much more rapidly. A stage is reached where molecules having four Fab arms can still agglutinate but there is no complement fixation. However, the remaining arms on the tryptic molecules are distributed in pairs on the same subunit, whereas those on the peptic molecules are distributed randomly. Hence the number of remaining Fab arms, rather than their distribution, appears to be the critical factor which influences biological activity. A possible explanation for this is discussed. PMID- 6794640 TI - The present state of the human lactotransferrin sequence. Study and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments and characterization of N- and C-terminal domains. AB - Human lactotransferrin contains six residues of methionine per mol. Seven different fragments were characterized after treatment with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and large parts of their sequences were determined. The alignment of the CNBr fragments was established by the determination of N- and C-terminal sequences, by the study of the C-terminal domain obtained by peptic digestion of the protein and by taking into account the internal homology as well as homology with human serum transferrin. The two glycopeptides were situated in the N- and C terminal parts of the protein, respectively, a situation quite different from that encountered in serum transferrin. The sequence studies allowed us to suggest a 4- and perhaps 6-fold internal homology. PMID- 6794641 TI - X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy of Co(II)-binding sites of copper- and zinc containing proteins. AB - X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) of Co(II) in three derivatives of superoxide dismutase, namely [Cu(II)-Co(II)], [Cu(I)-Co(II)] and [...-Co(II)], suggests a tetrahedral coordination of the metal for all compounds. Significant differences, detected in the spectrum of the [Cu(II)-Co(II)] derivative as compared to the other species, indicate that a conformational change and/or a different charge of the imidazole bridging the two metal sites in superoxide dismutase occur in coincidence with the change of copper valence. The XANES spectra of the cobalt derivatives of alcohol dehydrogenase, carbonic anhydrase and stellacyanin show features that can be accounted for by an increasing degree of covalency in the metal first sphere of coordination, in the following order: alcohol dehydrogenase greater than stellacyanin greater than superoxide dismutase greater than or equal to carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 6794642 TI - Studies on haemoglobin immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Cross linked soluble polymers and artificial membranes. AB - Human haemoglobin was immobilized by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde as soluble polymers and artificial membranes. Effects of pH and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on oxygen binding and cross-linking were studied with haemoglobin immobilized in both the oxy and deoxy states. The cooperativity is suppressed and the affinity is increased when compared with native haemoglobin. Haemoglobin immobilized in the oxy state exhibited a higher oxygen affinity than that immobilized in the deoxy state. The alkaline Bohr effect is not significantly different from that of native haemoglobin. The 2,3-diphosphoglycerate influence on oxygen binding was reduced by one third with immobilization. In order to separate the chemical and the "conformation freezing' effects on the properties of immobilized haemoglobin, glutaraldehyde-modified haemoglobin in oxy and deoxy states was produced. Oxygen binding was studied and chemical modifications were checked by electrophoresis and gel filtration. This chemically modified haemoglobin without polymerization and without intra-chain bridging exhibits a behaviour similar to that of cross linked soluble polymers or membranes of haemoglobin. PMID- 6794643 TI - The hexa- and pentapeptide extension of proalbumin. II. Processing of specific antibodies against the synthetic hexapeptide. AB - The chemically synthesized proalbumin hexapeptide was coupled to rabbit albumin with carbodiimide. Subsequently rabbits were immunized by subcutaneous injection of the conjugate. After 5 weeks the rabbits had developed antibodies against the hexapeptide, which could be detected by immunodiffusion. A sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed. Using the hexapeptide and other very similar peptides as antigens, a high specificity of the antibodies against the proalbumin hexapeptide was found. PMID- 6794644 TI - The effect of pyrazines on the metabolism of tryptophan and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in the rat. Evidence of the formation of a potent inhibitor of aminocarboxy-muconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase from pyrazinamide. AB - The intraperitoneal or oral administration of pyrazinamide and pyrazinoic acid (pyrazine 2-carboxylic acid) resulted in a marked increase of the NAD content in rat liver. The injections of pyrazine and pyrazine 2,3-dicarboxylic acid exhibited no significant effect on the hepatic NAD content. The boiled extract obtained from liver and kidney of rat injected with either pyrazinamide or pyrazinoic acid exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the aminocarboxymuconate semialdehyde decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.45) activity in either lier or kidney, although pyrazinamide or pyrazinoic acid per se did not inhibit the enzyme activity. The unknown inhibitor of aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase was dialysable and heat-stable, and mostly excreted in urine by 6 and 12 h after injected of pyrazinoic acid and pyrazinamide, respectively. Pyrazine 2,3-dicarboxylic acid, pyrazine, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, tryptophan, anthranilic acid, 5-hydroxyanthranilic acid and quinolinic acid exhibited no significant effect on the aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase activity in liver and kidney at the concentration of 1 mM in the reaction mixture. The expired 14CO2 from L-[benzen ring-U-14C]tryptophan was markedly decreased by the pyrazinamide injection, while the urinary excretion of 14C-labeled metabolites from L-tryptophan, mainly quinolinic acid, was markedly increased. These results suggest that the glutarate pathway of L-tryptophan was strongly inhibited by the inhibitor produced after the administration of pyrazinoic acid and pyrazinamide. Pyrazinamide but not pyrazinoic acid also exhibited a significant inhibition of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase in rat liver. PMID- 6794645 TI - Regulation of glycogen synthase activity in the isolated mouse soleus muscle. Effect of insulin, epinephrine, glucose and anti-insulin receptor antibodies. AB - The effects of insulin, epinephrine, glucose and anti-insulin receptor antibodies on enzymes involved in the regulation of glycogen synthesis were investigated in the isolated mouse soleus muscle. Insulin maximally increased the percentage of glycogen synthase active form after 15 min in the absence of glucose in the extracellular medium; half-maximal and maximal effects were obtained with 1.5 and 33 mM insulin, respectively. The basal percentage of glycogen phosphorylase active form was not altered by insulin. Antibodies to the insulin receptor had similar effects to those of insulin on both enzymes. The percentage of glycogen synthase active form was maximally decreased and that of phosphorylase maximally increased after a 2 min exposure to epinephrine in the absence of extracellular glucose. Glucose alone had no effect on muscle glycogen synthase. When muscles were incubated with insulin (33 nM) plus glucose (20 mM) for 5-10 min, the increase in the percentage of glycogen synthase active form was greater than with insulin alone. This enhancing effect of glucose on insulin activation of glycogen synthase disappeared after 20 min. The results suggest the existence of two mechanisms whereby insulin activates muscle glycogen synthase. The main effect is operative in the absence of extracellular glucose and occurs at insulin concentrations close to the physiological range. The other effect requires glucose and may result from the stimulation by insulin of glucose transport and/or metabolism. PMID- 6794646 TI - 23Na+-NMR studies of cation binding to multi-chain and single-chain glycosaminoglycan peptides. PMID- 6794647 TI - Several inhibitors of ornithine and adenosylmethionine decarboxylases may also have antiproliferative effects unrelated to polyamine depletion. PMID- 6794649 TI - Improvement in the persistence of microbial asparaginase and glutaminase in the circulation of the rat by chemical modifications. AB - Three enzymes used in cancer chemotherapy (asparaginases from Escherichia coli and Erwinia carotovora and glutaminase from Achromobacter) were each reacted with four amino specific reagents (ethyl acetimidate, O-methylisourea, succinic anhydride, and formaldehyde/sodium borohydride). The half-lives of the modified enzymes measured in the blood of rats showed that guanidation, acetimidation and reductive alkylation were more likely to increase the persistence of the native enzymes than succinylation. However, the improvement in the persistence of any one enzyme after any one modification could not be predicted from the results with the others. It was concluded that changes in persistence caused by each modification were due to the different effects on the tertiary structure of each native enzyme. The advantages of chemical modification for increasing the persistence of enzymes over other methods such as encapsulation or aggregation are discussed. PMID- 6794648 TI - Metabolism of acetylpolyamines by monoamine oxidase, diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase. AB - N1-Monoacetylspermine, N1,N12-diacetylspermine and N1-monoacetylspermidine were found to be good substrates for rat liver polyamine oxidase, but not for rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase. N8-Monoacetylspermidine, monoacetylcadaverine, monoacetylputrescine and monoacetyl-1,3-diaminopropane were oxidized by the monoamine oxidase when the substrate concentration was 10.0 mM, but not by the polyamine oxidase. All the acetylpolyamines except N1,N12 diacetylspermine were also oxidized by hog kidney diamine oxidase although their affinities for the oxidase appeared low. The present data suggest that acetylpolyamines are not easily metabolized in vivo by either monoamine oxidase or diamine oxidase in mammalian tissues although N1-monoacetylspermine, N1,N12 diacetylspermine and N1-monoacetylspermidine are attacked by polyamine oxidase. PMID- 6794650 TI - Activation of carbon tetrachloride, and distribution of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome P-450, and other microsomal enzyme activities in rat tissues. PMID- 6794651 TI - Maturation-related change of the protein kinase activity in the rabbit red blood cells. AB - The protein kinase activity of rabbit reticulocyte and erythrocyte hemolysate is due to multiple forms (casein kinases and histone kinases) which have been partially purified by Sepharose 6B filtration followed by phosphocellulose chromatography in the presence of 0.2% Triton X-100. The casein kinase activity is resolved by such a procedure into two forms differing in catalytic properties: i.e. the casein kinase TS phosphorylates both serine and threonine residues of casein, while the casein kinase S phosphorylates only serine residues. The comparative results indicate that during differentiation and maturation of rabbit red blood cells multiple cytosol protein kinase activities markedly decrease, while the casein kinase S does not change significantly. PMID- 6794652 TI - [Changes in biological properties of botulinum neurotoxin a induced by chemical modification of its molecule by tryptophan and tyrosine]. AB - Using spectrophotometric titration of botulinic neurotoxin A by N bromosuccinimide, the oxidation of one tryptophane residue was shown to induce an almost complete detoxication of the toxic protein. The conformation of the toxin molecule remained thereby unchanged, as well as the precipitation capacity of the modified toxin after oxidation of two tryptophane residues. The toxin with three or more modified tryptophane residues did not produce precipitation bands with antiserum against original toxin. Nitration of the tyrosine residues in the neurotoxin molecule with tetranitromethane gradually decreased its toxicity. All nitrous derivatives of toxin (both toxic and non-toxic ones) containing 2-18 modified tyrosine residues revealed a precipitating capacity in a reaction with antiserum against original toxin and anfragment sera. The non-toxic toxin nitrous derivatives with 15-18 modified tyrosine residues possessed partial serological affinity for original toxin in a reaction with antiserum against toxin and did not interact with antisera against toxin fragments. The conformation of molecules of toxin nitrous derivatives with 4-5 modified tyrosine residues was not changed irrespective of a 80% loss of the enzyme toxicity. PMID- 6794653 TI - [Purification and properties of beta-galactosidase from Alternaria tenius]. AB - beta-Galactosidase from Alternaria tenius was purified to homogeneity from the cultural fluid using acetone precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, adsorption on hydroxylapatite and affinity chromatography on N-(beta-D galactopyranosyl-thiocarbamoyl)-beta-aminocaproyl-AN-Sepharose 4B. The enzyme homogeneity was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with SDS or without it. The specific activity of the homogeneous enzyme is 160 u. per mg of protein; mol. weight as determined by various methods is 142 000-176 000, pI = 4.6, temperature optimum is 60-65 degrees, pH optima for o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (o-NPG) and lactose are 3.8--4.4 and 3.6- 4.8, respectively. The Km values for o-NPG and lactose are 0.21 . 10(-3) and 6.57 . 10-3 M, respectively. The enzyme is a glycoprotein and contains up to 30% of carbohydrates. EDTA and pCMB have no effect on the beta-galactosidase activity. Galactose acts as a competitive inhibitor, while glucose has no inhibiting effect on the enzyme activity. PMID- 6794654 TI - Metabolic responses to severe perinatal asphyxia in term newborn infants with particular reference to the changes in plasma free amino acids. AB - Blood glucose, blood lactate, plasma FFA, plasma alpha-amino nitrogen and 17 individual amino acids were determined on admission, and at 24 and 48 h after admission in severely asphyxiated term newborn infants. The blood glucose value was widely scatterred and the plasma FFA level was low on admission. The total free plasma amino acid content correlated closely with the severity of asphyxia induced lactic acidosis. Among the 17 amino acids determined, 11 turned out to be significantly increased. The increase of plasma free amino acids might be toxic for the central nervous system, therefore parenteral feeding of asphyxiated neonates with amino acid mixtures can be dangerous. PMID- 6794655 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone test and male unipolar depression. AB - Change in maximal TSH response to a TRH infusion were measured in 18 unipolar depressed males and 2 control groups matched for age, sex, and base-line thyroid status. The mean maximal change in TSH response was significantly lower for the unipolar than the control groups. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed. By using a deltaTSH cutoff of 7.0 rather than 5 microIU/ml, 14 rather than 7 depressed patients were correctly identified as having a blunted deltaTSH; 29 rather than 32 to 36 control patients were correctly identified as having a normal deltaTSH score. PMID- 6794656 TI - Tolerance to behavioral effects of N, N-dimethyltryptamine in mice. PMID- 6794657 TI - Monosaccharide composition of human monoclonal (18) and normal (8) IGM immunoglobulins: proposed structural models for their glycan chains. AB - The carbohydrate composition of 18 monoclonal IgM (Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia) was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Two populations occurred with mean sugar contents of 7.3% (12 IgM and 10% (6 IgM). A value of 7.2% was obtained for 8 IgM prepared from 8 normal sera. On the basis of mean molar ratios established for each monosaccharide residue, structural models for oligosaccharide units are proposed. The number of complex glycan chains (N-acetyllactosaminic type) is higher in the 10% population, which would correspond to IgM with a mean sedimentation constant of 18.3So20, W. On the other hand, the 7.3% population has a lower content of "mature" chains and its sedimentation constant would be inferior: 17S)20, W. PMID- 6794659 TI - The role of serine hydroxymethyltransferase in cell proliferation: DNA synthesis from serine following mitogenic stimulation of lymphocytes. AB - It is shown that the time-course of incorporation of radioactivity from [3 14C]serine into nucleic acids parallels DNA synthesis following mitogenic stimulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The activity of serine hydroxymethyltransferase was elevated about four-fold in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes compared to that in unstimulated control cells. It is suggested that lymphocytes, in common with other proliferating cell systems, may synthesize serine de novo for utilization in pathways of nucleotide biosynthesis following mitogenic stimulation. PMID- 6794658 TI - The location of olfactory receptor sites. Inferences from latency measurements. AB - Excitatory responses recorded from vertebrate olfactory sensory neurons are characterized by long latencies compared with those from other sensory receptors. Explanations which assume free access of the stimuli to receptor molecules presumably located on the olfactory cilia necessarily imply an intrinsic delay in the transduction mechanism. In contrast, the possibility of restricted or delayed access due to diffusion of the stimulus to molecular receptors located on the dendritic know or proximal portions of the cilia suggests transduction processes having time courses similar to those in other sensory systems. We show that the threshold stimulus concentrations and the latency of the excitatory response of the salamander can be predicted primarily on the basis of a diffusional delay and that the receptor molecules are well below the surface of the mucus. Examination of response latencies for other species reported in the literature support the generality of diffusional delay. The predicted location of molecular receptor sites is largely insensitive to assumptions based on the mode of clearance of the stimuli. Additional access restrictions are discussed but are shown to generate qualitatively different latency functions than does diffusion, suggesting that they exert only minor influences on latency and threshold characteristics. PMID- 6794660 TI - Formation of peptides from amino acids by single or multiple additions of ATP to suspensions of nucleoproteinoid microparticles. AB - When lysine-rich proteinoid, which catalyzes the formation of peptides from amino acids and ATP, is complexed with acidic proteinoid to form microspheres of mixed constitution, the normal synthesis by basic proteinoid alone is multiplied several-fold. The product consists not only of small peptides but also of a high molecular-weight fraction of substituted proteinoid. Suspensions of particles of lysine-rich proteinoid complexed with polyadenylic acid catalyze the synthesis of peptides from each of the amino acids tested with ATP. When equimolar solutions of mixtures of glycine and phenylalanine with ATP are tested in suspensions of complexes of lysine-rich proteinoid and each of various polyribonucleotides, both homopeptides and heteropeptides are produced. Glycylphenylalanine or phenylalanylglycine is the principal product; the preference is related to which polyribonucleotide is in the complex. The rate of conversion of amino acid to peptide is a function of whether ATP is added in a single batch or in repeated amounts adding to the same amount as in the single batch. Related experiments indicate a relatively rapid initial rate of decay of ATP in the system. These results are discussed relative to the mechanisms for continuous generation in modern organisms, as are the results in peptide formation. PMID- 6794661 TI - A microminiature hybrid multichannel implantable biotelemetry system. PMID- 6794662 TI - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the cerebral capillaries of aging animals subjected to hypoxic hypoxia]. AB - The ultrastructure of capillary walls of the mamillary bodies was studied in rats distributed in two age groups: adult (6-8-month-old) and old (28-30-month-old) animals under hypoxic hypoxia. It was found that age-related differences in the response of brain capillary walls to the injuring agent were reduced to a rapid increase in dystrophic phenomena and less conspicuous compensatory processes seen in the old animals. More profound injuries to other brain tissues adjacent to the vessels were also indicative of less efficacy of the adaptive reactions in the old animals. PMID- 6794663 TI - [Immunoglobulins A and G in the intestinal secretions of rats in different microbiologic conditions]. AB - Experiments were made with 3 groups of inbred CDF (F344) Crl rats: 30 germ-free, 30 conventional and 18 germ-free animals infected orally with Shigella flexneri 2aN 516. Secretory IgA (S-IgA) was isolated from gut secretion of the conventional rats to obtain rabbit antiserum against it. The levels of S-IgA, IgA and IgG in blood serum and gut secretion were determined. It was shown that gut secretion of the germ-free rats contained no less S-IgA than that from the conventional rats, at the same time IgG was not found in the germ-free rats. After injection of the germ-free rats with Shigella flexneri the content of S-IgA in gut secretion did not rise but there appeared IgG which differed immunochemically from serum IgG2. Within the first week after the injection, gut secretion showed specific antibodies to Shigella flexneri, which was ascertained with the aid of the hemagglutination inhibition test. The titers of antibodies exceeded 1:4096 by day 21. Antibodies in serum appeared much later and in low titers (1:16, 1:32). Therefore, the local immune response was marked to a greater degree than the generalized one. In spite of the presence of specific antibodies in high titers, Shigella flexneri persisted in the hosts, i. e. one could observe a clinically normal bacterial carriage. PMID- 6794664 TI - [Relation between sister chromatid exchange and duration of human cell treatment with ethyleneimine derivatives]. AB - The sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction by various concentrations of thiophosphamide and dipin was studied depending on the exposure time to mutagens. There is a linear relationship between the number of SCE and the increase in the concentration and exposure time regardless of the chemical structure of mutagens. The dose dependence (the product of the concentration magnitude by exposure) is also depictable by the linear law. A sudden leap of the number of SCE was observed during the transition from control to minimal exposure. PMID- 6794665 TI - [Changes in the proliferative activity of human breast cancer cells cultivated in vivo in diffusion chambers in response to antineoplastic agents]. AB - A study was made of the effect of nitrosomethylurea (NMU), thiophosphamide and diazane on proliferative activity of human breast cancer cells cultured in diffusion chambers in vivo. NMU highly suppressed the proliferation of human breast cancer cells throughout the experiment. The maximum effect of diazane and thiophosphamide became apparent after 24 hours, while almost complete renewal of the proliferation was observed by the 72nd hour of culture. Diazane and NMU hold promise for clinical trials in human breast cancer. PMID- 6794666 TI - [Sympathetic mechanism of regulating heart function in acute transitory coronary insufficiency of different duration]. AB - Experiments on 102 outbred white male rats with experimental acute transitory coronary insufficiency (ATCI) were carried out to show a consistent phasic time course of the functioning of the sympathetic cardiac activity regulation mechanism. The sympathetic neuroeffector influence on the myocardium with ATCI depends to a large measure on the intensity of the neurotransmitter biosynthesis and function of cardiomyocyte adrenoreceptors. It is suggested that the time couse of heart contractility and rhythm under ATCI is related to changes in the pre- and post-synaptic component of the sympathetic regulation mechanism of cardiac function. It is also assumed that cardiomyocyte receptors might exert a substantial influence on the possibility and development of arrhythmias. The advantages of pharmacological correction (as compared with the blockade) of sympathetic neuroeffector influences on the myocardium under ATCI are emphasized. PMID- 6794668 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on the extent of experimental myocardial necrosis]. AB - Myocardial infarction in rabbits was caused by ligation of the anterior descending artery. Nitroglycerin was injected intravenously (100 micrograms/min) from 120 to 180 minutes after the operation. The experimental group showed a rapid and statistically significant time course of changes on the ECG as compared to controls. Moreover, nitroglycerin gave rise to bradycardia in the experimental animals which was not the case either in the control group or in non-operated rabbits comprising an additional group. The size of the necrotic area measured 7 days after the operation was 41.2% larger than that in the control group. PMID- 6794667 TI - [Polypeptides isolated from the gastric mucosa and their effect on pepsin biosynthesis by gastric glands]. AB - It was found in experiments on 90 rats that polypeptides A, B and C (with a molecular mass of 2200-2800) isolated from the gastric mucosa have the ability to stimulate pepsin biosynthesis by the gastric glands. Application of the polypeptides did not result in the concurrent rise of proteolytic and milk curdling activity. Pepsin and trypsin promoted the release from polypeptide B of low-molecular weight peptides which also stimulated pepsin biosynthesis. PMID- 6794669 TI - [Calcium desorption from the cornea while using complex-forming substances]. AB - The time course of calcium desorption from the eye cornea and the efficacy of the use of complex-forming substances during desorption were examined. Experiments with labeled calcium showed an active absorption of the ions by the normal cornea thereby making it turbid. The removal of labeled calcium from an isolated eye and from corneal pieces while using a combination of complex-forming substances and diffusion facilitating-papain was accompanied by the lowering of tissue turbidity. Application of such combinations might eliminate, in some cases, the necessity of surgical operations on the cornea. PMID- 6794670 TI - [Synthesis of a lens-specific antigen (delta-crystallin) in rudimentary chicken adenohypophysis]. AB - The synthesis of two lens-specific proteins, delta- and beta-crystallins, by adenohypophyseal anlage of 4-day chick embryos was studied by the immunofluorescence technique in conjunction with autoradiography. Isolated anlages were incubated for 16 hours in a culture medium containing 14c-leucine. The synthesis was determined with the use of an unlabelled carrier, extract of chick lens, as well as of antisera against delta- and beta-crystallins. 14C Leucine incorporation was found to occur only in delta-crystalline precipitation line rather than in beta-crystallin line. This evidence attests to the synthesis of delta-crystalline by the chick embryo adenohypophyseal anlage. The results are in agreement with the previously obtained immunohistochemical data on delta crystalline localization in cells of the developing adenohypophysis. PMID- 6794671 TI - [Heterogenetic antigens of E. coli similar to human sperm antigens]. PMID- 6794672 TI - [Antigens common to human malignant tumors and certain species of microorganisms]. AB - Agglutination, gel precipitation and immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the presence of antigens common for human malignant tumors of different sites and BCG and Listeria monocytogenic microorganisms. The radioimmunoassay of sera in the agglutination test showed that these sera reacted with tumor cells rather than with cells from normal human tissues. The common antigen had the electrophorectic mobility in the beta-globulin zone. PMID- 6794673 TI - A monoclonal antibody to VIII:C produced by a mouse hybridoma. AB - Spleen cells of a BALB/c mouse immunized with factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) (isolated by affinity chromatography) were fused with mouse myeloma cells (P3 x 63 Ag8). After the fusion 12/32 wells produced an inhibitor to VIII:C. Cells from one well (1B3) were subcloned four times in order to isolate the hybridoma that produces the anti-VIII:C antibody. Injection of hybridoma cells in pristane pretreated BALB/c mice results in anti-VIII:C titers of 5000 10,000 Bethesda U/ml. Analysis of the produced immunoglobulin demonstrated heavy chains of IgG1 (produced by the myeloma cell line) and IgG2b subclass. The 1B3 antibody neutralizes VIII:C in LMW FVIII, crysosupernatant, cryoprecipitate, and normal plasma. It was found that binding of the IgG to FVIII results in a delay in its activation and not in an inhibition of its cofactor activity. The antibody removes VIII:C from pooled normal plasma when coupled to Sepharose; when coupled to plastic tubes, it binds VIIICAG from isolated VIII:C, purified FVIII, and pooled normal plasma; it does not bind VIIIR:AG, fibrogen, or serum VIIICAG. The 1B3 antibody can be used successfully in an IRMA for VIIICAG. PMID- 6794674 TI - Long-term follow-up patients with leukemia receiving platelet transfusions: identification of a large group of patients who do not become alloimmunized. AB - Alloimmunization is the major complication of platelet transfusion therapy in patients with acute leukemia. To evaluate whether alloimmunization continues to be a long-term problem in patients surviving induction therapy, 114 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who survived more than 6 mo and who received multiple courses of chemotherapy and abundant platelet transfusions were studied. Clinical response to random donor platelets and lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCTAb) were measured pretreatment and serially throughout the study period. Fourteen patients (12%) were alloimmunized upon admission, 34 (30%) patients became alloimmunized during remission induction therapy, and 66 (58%) patients did not become alloimmunized during that period. Sixty-one of these 66 patients (92%) never became alloimmunized and responded to random donor platelets during their subsequent course despite the fact they received multiple further platelet transfusions, whereas the alloimmunized patients tended to remain alloimmunized for their entire clinical course. There was no difference in age or sex between groups, and prognostic factors predicting alloimmunization could not be detected. In greater than 90% of patients not alloimmunized at admission, the presence or absence of LCTAb after induction predicts later alloantibody production. This information can be used to plan the type of platelet transfusions (HLA-matched or random donor) needed for subsequent maintenance and induction therapy. It may also help to identify a group of patients to whom more aggressive maintenance chemotherapy may be more safely administered. PMID- 6794675 TI - Hemophilic dog model for evaluating therapeutic effectiveness of plasma protein fractions. AB - Therapeutic effectiveness of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials has been evaluated in dogs with hemophilia A. A standardized template gingival biopsy was performed using local anesthesia. Hemophilic dogs bled extensively from the biopsy site, whereas in normal dogs the wound was sealed within 5 + /- 2 min. If untreated, the hemophilic dogs frequently bled for several days. Factor VIII infusion stopped the bleeding promptly. Some experimental preparations of factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials were shown to be therapeutically effective, whereas others were not. Intravascular thrombi could not be demonstrated histologically. The model should prove useful for evaluating factor VIII inhibitor bypassing materials and also for evaluating their mechanism of action. PMID- 6794676 TI - Variant von Willebrand's disease and pregnancy. AB - The clinical course and coagulation profile of a pregnant patient with variant von Willebrand's disease were followed from the second trimester through puerperium. The clinical course was characterized by a normal delivery and absence of abnormal bleeding or need for replacement therapy. The coagulation profile demonstrated an increase in factor VIII procoagulant activity, factor VIII-related antigen, and platelet aggregation activity in response to ristocetin prior to delivery. Postpartum, these factors decreased to prepregnancy values with distinctly different patterns. Factor VIII procoagulant activity continued to rise for 5 days after delivery and then decreased with a half-life of approximately 6 days. Factor-VIII-related antigen began to decrease just prior to delivery, displaying a half-life or approximately 6 days. Ristocetin cofactor activity, however, dropped immediately postpartum and displayed a half-life of approximately 6 hr. The ristocetin cofactor activity was associated with factor VIII-related antigen, which displayed a significantly smaller molecular weight than does normal factor-VIII-related antigen. Larger aggregates of factor-VIII related antigen. Larger aggregates of factor-VIII-related antigen did not appear during the pregnancy, and ristocetin cofactor activity could not be demonstrated in fragments of less than 0,8 x 10(6). PMID- 6794677 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities examined cytochemically in unfixed lymphocytes of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. AB - New techniques have been devised for the cytochemical demonstration of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in unfixed human lymphocytes. A suspension of living lymphocytes is mixed with agarose sol containing the reagents for the detection of PNP or ADA activity on a glass slide. The mixture solidifies, is incubated, and then dried for lightmicroscopic observation. Reactive cells are recognized by the diffusely deposited granules of formazan, the end-product of the cytochemical reaction, and are divided into three groups of the cell with the low, middle, and high enzyme activity by the number of the granule. In healthy adults, the mean percentages of PNP- and ADA-positive cells were more than 90% in unfractionated lymphocytes, T cell fractions, and complement-receptor cell fractions and cells with middle PNP and ADA activities were predominant. The PNP and ADA staining was observed in lymphoid cells of patients with lymphoproliferative disorders. A decrease in the percentage of PNP-positive cells concomitant with a relative increase of cells with the low enzyme activity was observed in the lymphocytes of nine patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Similar findings were obtained in the ADA staining of the lymphocytes of five patients with B-cell CLL. PMID- 6794678 TI - Combined factor V-VIII deficiency: a case report with studies of factor V and VIII activation by thrombin. AB - A new case of combined factor V-VIII deficiency is reported with in vitro studies of factors V and VIII activation by thrombin. The normal activation of factors V and VIII demonstrated in the patient's plasma and the equivalent levels of factor VIII coagulant activity and coagulant antigen support the hypothesis that a quantitative rather than qualitative defect in factors V and VIII is present in this disorder. PMID- 6794680 TI - Isolation of plasma membranes from rat mesenteric veins: a comparison of their physical and biochemical properties with arterial membranes. AB - Plasma membranes were isolated from smooth muscles of rat mesenteric veins. The plasma membrane fraction is relatively pure according to its morphological and enzymatic characteristics. The membrane distribution, enzymatic activities, as well as calcium accumulation by the plasma membrane fraction from venous smooth muscle were compared to those from arterial smooth muscle. The isolated venous smooth muscle plasma membranes formed primarily closed vesicles which were capable of accumulating Ca2+ in the presence of ATP suggesting active transport of Ca2+ across the membrane vesicles. Evidence obtained from several approaches by studying the effect of A23187, phosphate ions and hypotonic shock on the Ca2+ accumulation in the presence of ATP revealed that there is an active transport of Ca2+ across isolated vascular smooth muscle membrane vesicles in addition to binding of Ca2+. However, venous smooth muscle plasma membrane fraction appears to be different from arterial smooth muscle plasma membrane fraction in its low activity of alkaline phosphatase, greater Ca2+ binding and lower Ca2+ transport. These and previous studies show that the plasma membrane of vascular muscles may play an important role in the steady state regulation of cellular calcium concentration during excitation-contraction coupling, especially in small arteries and veins. PMID- 6794679 TI - Influence of sex difference and oral contraceptives on forearm reactive hyperemia. AB - Experiments were performed on normal male and female subjects to compare blood flow responses following release of an arterial occlusion (reactive hyperemia). Additionally, the effects of oral contraceptive therapy on the reactive hyperemia reaction were studied in female subjects. Forearm blood flow was measured with a strain-gauge plethysmograph, heart rate with an electrocardiograph, and mean arterial pressure was measured by auscultation. Blood flow was determined before and after circulatory arrest of 1, 3, and 5 min. Blood serum levels of 17 beta estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The mean resting forearm blood flow was similar in males and females (approximately 4 ml/100 ml/min). There were no significant changes in systemic mean arterial pressure or heart rate during the experiments. Following 1 min of arterial occlusion, the peak blood flow responses were similar in males and females. The peak blood flow responses following release of arterial occlusion were lower in males than in untreated females at occlusion intervals of 3 and 5 min. Females receiving oral contraceptives showed reduced peak blood flow responses after circulatory arrest of either 3 or 5 min as compared to untreated females. There were no significant differences in the recovery times of the hyperemic responses between males and females following any of the periods of occlusion. The peak blood flow responses following 3 min of arterial occlusion were significantly correlated with the blood serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol, LH and FSH, but not with the blood serum levels of progesterone. These results suggest that: (1) sex difference has a marked effect on the blood flow response following arterial occlusion, and (2) hormonal changes influence vascular responsiveness in the female. PMID- 6794681 TI - Monoclonal cryoglobulin of IgG (lambda) type interacting with transferrin. PMID- 6794682 TI - [Rhnull syndrome in two female siblings from Pakistan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794683 TI - Residues of ethoprop in eight vegetables. PMID- 6794684 TI - Amino acid composition and microbial contamination of Spirulina maxima, a blue green alga, grown on the effluent of different fermented animal wastes. PMID- 6794685 TI - Influence of complexans (NTA, EDTA) on the toxicity of aluminum chloride and sulfate to fish at high concentrations. PMID- 6794686 TI - Evaluation of three sorbents for retention of PCBs in a natural gas stream. PMID- 6794687 TI - Potential influence of acetone in aquatic bioassays testing the dynamics and effects of PCBs. PMID- 6794688 TI - Patterns of PCB accumulation by fry of lake trout. PMID- 6794689 TI - Size-specific mortality in fry of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from Lake Michigan. PMID- 6794690 TI - Biodegradation of carbaryl in simulated aquatic environment. PMID- 6794691 TI - [Training on a treadmill in chronic obstructive respiratory disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794692 TI - Respiratory drive during exercise in chronic obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6794693 TI - Underestimation of closing volume with increase in airflow obstruction. A study of single-breath nitrogen washout test and spirometry. PMID- 6794694 TI - Enteral feeds and delivery systems. PMID- 6794695 TI - A comparison of spring and CO2- powered needleless injectors in the treatment of keloids with triamcinolone. AB - A comparison has been made between the traditional needle and syringe technique of injection and two differing types of needleless injector in the intralesional treatment of keloids with triamcinolone. This most reliable method of delivering a known quantity of drug into a keloid is by syringe and needle. However, the CO2 powered injector is far more reliable than the spring-powered injector in the reliability of the dose administered and its intralesional penetration and distribution. PMID- 6794696 TI - Physiological characteristics of tremor after chronic lithium therapy. AB - Twenty-three patients taking lithium carbonate alone in therapeutic dosage for a mean period of 43 months (range 6--108 months) and 23 control subjects matched for age and sex had the frequency and amplitude of postural tremor measured and extrapyramidal symptoms assessed by standard techniques. Patients on lithium had a significantly lower peak frequency of tremor than control subjects (P less than 0.05) and significantly greater extrapyramidal symptoms (P less than 0.01), indicating that tremor appearing after chronic lithium therapy is likely to be an extrapyramidal symptom. Such symptoms are common long-term adverse effects of lithium carbonate. PMID- 6794697 TI - A new technique for radiation shielding in superficial X-ray therapy. PMID- 6794698 TI - Leri's pleonosteosis. PMID- 6794699 TI - Mullard 4 MV linear accelerator at Newcastle upon Tyne. PMID- 6794700 TI - Radiology and risk: an economist's perspective. AB - This paper, which is an amended version of a talk given to The British Institute of Radiology at a meeting on "Dosimetry and Risks to Patients in Radiopharmaceutical Investigations", picks up the ICRP's concept of detriment and places it firmly in the framework whence it came, viz. cost-benefit analysis. It explains cost-benefit analysis (distinguishing it from cost-effectiveness analysis) and suggests various ways of trying to place a value on human life in order to use cost-benefit analysis as a practical tool of decision-making in policy areas where at least part of the benefit is to be measured in terms of lives saved. The paper suggests that it is important to decide not only who is to value life but also whose perception of risk of death are to be deemed relevant. A practical example in the use of life values is presented for the case of mammography in breast cancer screening. PMID- 6794701 TI - European protocol for neutron dosimetry for external beam therapy. European Clinical Neutron Dosimetry Group (ECNEU). PMID- 6794702 TI - A simplified method of quantitating organ uptake using a gamma camera. AB - A simplified method of absolute quantitation of activity in any region of the body is presented utilizing a series of views acquired with a scintillation camera linked to a computer. An accuracy of +/- 6% may be achieved. No additional programming needs to be added to the standard nuclear medicine computer software and a knowledge of the attenuation coefficients involved and the shape or position of the organs examined is not presupposed or estimated. Attention correction is performed using a transmission image as one of the sequence of camera. The phantom measurements used to evaluate the technique are described and some clinical results presented. PMID- 6794703 TI - Biliary surgery in the same admission for gallstone-associated acute pancreatitis. AB - The clinical course of 47 patients with gallstone-associated acute pancreatitis who had surgery during the same admission has been reviewed. In 37 patients, when the signs and symptoms of pancreatitis settled on conservative management, biliary tract surgery was safely performed during that admission without mortality. The 10 patients whose clinical condition failed to settle prior to surgery had a complicated hospital stay and a 50 per cent mortality. A revised prognostic factor grading system has been outlined in which the age factor is removed and serum transaminase levels are considered of prognostic significance only if greater than 200 u/l within 48 h of admission. This revised system gives a more accurate assessment of the severity of individual attacks of gallstone associated acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6794704 TI - Chronic urticaria. PMID- 6794705 TI - Primum non nocere. PMID- 6794706 TI - Strategic policy monitoring at DHSS. PMID- 6794707 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver disease. PMID- 6794708 TI - NHS reorganisation: some hazards for doctors. PMID- 6794709 TI - Acetazolamide in prevention of acute mountain sickness: a double-blind controlled cross-over study. AB - Twenty-four amateur climbers took part in a double-blind controlled cross-over trial of acetazolamide versus placebo for the prevention of acute mountain sickness. They climbed Kilimanjaro (5895 m) and Mt Kenya (5186 m) in three weeks with five rest days between ascents. The severity of acute mountain sickness was gauged by a score derived from symptoms recorded daily by each subject. On kilimanjaro those taking acetazolamide reached a higher altitude (11 v 4 reached the summit) and had a lower symptom score than those taking placebo (mean 4.8 v 14.3). Those who had taken acetazolamide on Kilimanjaro maintained their low symptom scores while taking placebo on Mt Kenya (mean score 1.9), whereas those who had taken placebo on Kilimanjaro experienced a pronounced improvement when they took acetazolamide on Mt Kenya (mean score 2.5). Acute mountain sickness prevented one subject for completing either ascent. Acetazolamide was acceptable to 23 of the 24 subjects. Acetazolamide is recommended as an acceptable and effective prophylactic for acute mountain sickness. PMID- 6794710 TI - Nicotine intake by snuff users. AB - Blood nicotine and cotinine concentrations were measured in 27 volunteers before and after taking snuff. Within 10 minutes after snuffing blood nicotine concentrations were comparable to those obtained after the 10 minutes or so that it takes to smoke a cigarette. Nicotine intake from snuffing was related to the experience of the snuffer. In daily and occasional snuffers increases in plasma nicotine concentrations averaged 77.7 and 12.3 nmol/l (12.6 and 2.0 ng/ml) respectively, while the novices showed no appreciable increase. The increase shown by thea daily snuffers was comparable to the average increase of 62.3 nmol/l (10.1 ng/ml) obtained from a single cigarette by a group of heavy smokers. The peak nicotine concentrations in the daily snuffers were also similar to the peak values in 136 heavy smokers--222.6 and 226-3 nmol/l (36.1 and 36.7 ng/ml), respectively. Unusual multiple-dose snuffing produced massive increases in plasma nicotine to concentrations that have never been recorded in smokers. The similarity of the concentrations produced by regular daily snuffing and regular daily smoking suggests that the plasma nicotine concentration has some controlling influence over the self-regulation of these two quite different forms of tobacco use. The rapid absorption of nicotine from snuff confirms its potential as an acceptable and relatively harmless substitute for smoking. PMID- 6794711 TI - Sister chromatid exchange induced by anti-herpes drugs. AB - The rate of sister chromatid exchange induced by several anti-herpes agents was measured to assess their potential mutagenicity. The agents--5-iodo-deoxyuridine (IDU), 5-trifluoromethyl-deoxyuridine (TFT), and [E]-5-(2-bromovinyl) deoxyuridine (BVDU)--were incubated at various concentrations with human lymphocytes and fibroblasts, and that rate of sister chromatid exchanges was measured. In lymphocytes and fibroblasts BVDU and IDU did not induce exchange except at concentrations of 50 mg/l, while TFT increased the rate of exchange at a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. The rate of sister chromatid exchange is a sensitive index of chromosomal damage, and these findings provide information on the safety of some of the antiherpes agents tested. TFT increased the rate of exchange at a concentration that coincides with its minimal antiviral concentration, but BVDU did not induce exchange at therapeutic concentrations. PMID- 6794712 TI - Microbiology of pyogenic liver abscess. AB - Sixteen patients with pyogenic liver abscesses were studied over 10 years to discover the causative organisms of the condition. Pus was subjected to Gram negative smear or gas-liquid chromatography to detect volatile acids characteristic of anaerobes and then cultured. All isolates were identified by conventional methods and tested for sensitivity to appropriate antimicrobial agents. Bacteria were grown from the liver abscesses in all 16 patients. Streptococcus milleri Lancefield group F was the commonest organism isolated from the pyogenic liver abscesses, being found in 13 patients. If Strep milleri is isolated care should be taken not to mistake it for an anaerobe, and finding the organism in the blood should alert the clinician to the possible presence of a liver abscesses. PMID- 6794713 TI - Ingrowing toenails: an evaluation of two treatments. AB - Most of the procedures used for treating ingrowing toenails cause considerable discomfort and have high failure rates. This study evaluated two methods of treatment: (a) a simple procedure, and (b) angular phenolisation. Patients were seen in a special toenail clinic and were assessed for severity and duration of symptoms. Those with no permanent deformity of the nail fold and with only minor infection were treated by the simple procedure. The nail was nicked and torn down to expose the infected nail fold. The patients were then taught to clean the area, spray it with povidone-iodine dry powder, and pack the nail fold with a twist of cotton-wool. Patients with recurrent or severe ingrowing toenails were treated by angular phenolisation. One hundred patients were treated by the simple procedure and 61 of these had had no recurrence after six months. A total of 280 phenolisations were carried out over 18 months and 272 were successful. The treatments described are simple, effective, and well tolerated and should be considered as alternatives to traditional treatment. PMID- 6794714 TI - Non-Clostridium difficile pseudomembranous colitis responding to both vancomycin and metronidazole. ? PMID- 6794715 TI - Azathioprine-induced shock. PMID- 6794716 TI - Dominant inheritance of intracranial berry aneurysm. PMID- 6794717 TI - Homosexuality: treating patients in general practice. PMID- 6794718 TI - Rubella vaccination: screening all women at risk. PMID- 6794719 TI - Medical Records: a framework for establishing a record system. PMID- 6794720 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism: overture to the alcohol debate. PMID- 6794721 TI - Asthma--expiratory dyspnoea? PMID- 6794722 TI - Assessing methods--survival. PMID- 6794723 TI - Radiation injury and effects of early fallout. PMID- 6794724 TI - Care of emergencies in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6794725 TI - Development at 18 months. PMID- 6794726 TI - Neurological emergencies. PMID- 6794727 TI - Fractures of the carpal scaphoid. PMID- 6794728 TI - Sodium, potassium, and rate of constants for sodium efflux in leucocytes from hypertensive Jamaicans. PMID- 6794730 TI - Growth failure. PMID- 6794729 TI - Calcium homoeostasis during pregnancy. PMID- 6794731 TI - Evaluation of laboratory test. PMID- 6794732 TI - Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites in normal subjects. PMID- 6794733 TI - Tonsillitis and otitis media. PMID- 6794734 TI - Gamma-aminobutyric acid and weight control. PMID- 6794735 TI - Management of patients with bilateral amputations. PMID- 6794736 TI - An outbreak of pseudobacteraemia. PMID- 6794737 TI - Mortality statistics as measures of need for outpatient services. PMID- 6794738 TI - Frozen shoulder: adhesive capsulitis. PMID- 6794740 TI - Consultants and their future. PMID- 6794739 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6794741 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6794742 TI - Intact individual heart cells isolated from human ventricular tissue. AB - The intricate architecture of heart muscle, comprising irregularly shaped cells which interdigitate in a complex three-dimensional array, has often compromised clear interpretation of experimental data obtained from the whole organ. One approach to minimise some of the difficulties is to use individual muscle cells in suspension, and data have already been reported using myocytes isolated from mammalian ventricles. It is difficult, however, to extrapolate results obtained from animal tissues to situations of medical relevance in man. Intact isolated muscle cells were obtained from human ventricular tissue by modifications of methods used for isolating smooth muscle, atrial, and ventricular tissue from animals. Electrical studies showed that these myocytes had functional characteristics similar to those observed in the whole heart. Such cells will prove a useful preparation for studies on both the mechanisms underlying myocardial performance in normal and diseased states and the response of heart tissue at the cellular level to conditions found during cardiac surgery. PMID- 6794743 TI - Diaphragm pacing in ventilatory failure. AB - Diaphragm pacing, which entails electrical stimulation to the phrenic nerve, is an effective means of managing patients with ventilatory insufficiency and intact lowermotor-neurone innervation of the diaphragm. The pacing apparatus is used to pace the right and left hemidiaphragms alternately to avoid fatigue, which may damage the muscle irreversibly. Among the important benefits of pacing in quadriplegics with paralysis or respiratory muscles are the social and psychological advantages of not being dependent on a mechanical ventilator. PMID- 6794744 TI - Severe metabolic alkalosis: a case report. AB - A 45-year-old man who was admitted with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain was found to have severe metabolic alkalosis, with a PaCO2 of 11.4kPa (85.5 mm Hg), PaO2 of 5.8 kPa (43.5 mm Hg), pH of 7.61, and plasma bicarbonate concentration of 82.0 mmol/l. He was treated with oxygen, intravenous physiological saline, and phenytoin and improved within 48 hours. Radiographs showed gastric outlet obstruction secondary to peptic ulcer, which was treated by surgery. Though sever, the rise in carbon dioxide concentration in this patient was probably lifesaving. The PaCO2 was therefore allowed to fall gradually as the alkalosis was treated. The return of both PaCO2 and plasma bicarbonate values to normal in parallel suggests that hypoventilation compensated for the metabolic alkalosis and emphasises the importance of conservative treatment in cases of metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6794745 TI - Effects of diet and gliclazide on the haemostatic system of non-insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - The effect of the sulphonylurea gliclazide on tests of haemostatic function was studied in 14 newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetics. After two months' treatment with diet alone 11 of the 14 were given gliclazide; the three others remained on dietary treatment. Compared with pretreatment values, significant reductions in platelets retention, factor VIII-related antigen, factor VIII coagulant activity, and plasma heparin neutralising activity accompanied a fall in the plasma glucose concentration due to either diet alone or diet and gliclazide. The beneficial effects of gliclazide on platelet abnormalities seem likely to be due to its hypoglycaemic action rather than to any direct effect on haemostatic function. PMID- 6794747 TI - Acute arthritis associated with Clostridium difficile colitis. PMID- 6794746 TI - Intraperitoneal insulin in uraemic diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - The kinetics of absorption of intraperitoneally administered insulin were studied in nine uraemic insulin-dependent diabetics undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). In each of three studies 20 U of regular insulin was directly injected as a bolus into the peritoneal cavity through an indwelling Tenckhoff catheter. In two procedures the insulin injection was followed by the instillation of either 2 litres of 1.5% dextrose dialysates or 2 litres of 4.5% dextrose dialysate. In the third 20 ml of saline was used to flush the tubing. Plasma free insulin values rose more rapidly and reached significantly higher concentrations (55.6 +/- 18.8 mU/l) when the insulin had been injected into an empty peritoneal cavity than when it was followed by dialysate. These differences were observed despite the fact that most of the insulin injected was retained by the patients. Since the plasma insulin values did not differ after instillations of dialysate containing 1.5% and 4.5% dextrose, the osmolality of the dialysate seemed not to affect insulin absorption, and the dilution of the insulin probably delayed its transfer through the peritoneum. These findings suggest that insulin given intraperitoneally to patients undergoing CAPD will be most effective if it is given into an empty peritoneal cavity at least 30 minutes before the dialysate is instilled. PMID- 6794748 TI - Intrauterine vitamin D nutrition and postnatal growth in Asian infants. PMID- 6794749 TI - Practice educational meetings: a new influence in general practice. PMID- 6794750 TI - Practitioners' progress. PMID- 6794751 TI - Chronic bronchitis. II: Treatment. PMID- 6794752 TI - Couples facing death. I-Psychosocial aspects. AB - Forty-one couples facing the prospect of separation by death were followed up from the time of admission to a continuing care unit through death of the patient to an interview with the bereaved spouse. Half the patients were found to have anxiety or depression or both, usually as a result of failure to cope with specific difficulties. These fell into four groups: unsatisfactory communication, direct effects of illness and treatment, failure to adjust lifestyles to changing circumstances, and pre-existing marital and family problems. This paper examines in detail the problems in the second and third groups. Support was offered to the patient and family in an attempt to help them to adjust and make the best use of their resources. The responses obtained suggest that some of the suffering of terminal illness can be relieved when psychosocial problems are recognised and appropriated help is given. PMID- 6794753 TI - Lymphatic and other filariases. PMID- 6794754 TI - Infectious diseases. PMID- 6794755 TI - The young adult with spina bifida. PMID- 6794756 TI - Treating alcohol problems: making ends meet. PMID- 6794757 TI - Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6794758 TI - Primum non nocere. PMID- 6794759 TI - Breast transillumination using the sinus diaphanograph. PMID- 6794760 TI - Cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men in 24 towns. PMID- 6794761 TI - Medical confidence and the law. PMID- 6794762 TI - The progression of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6794763 TI - Hepatitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6794764 TI - Acute ileitis. PMID- 6794765 TI - Caesarean section. PMID- 6794767 TI - Position of patient and respiratory function in immediate postoperative period. AB - Respiratory function was studied in 19 patients placed in both the supine and sitting positions in the early postoperative period. Although the sitting position was expected to improve respiratory function, no such advantage was found; instead, a small but statistically significant deterioration in arterial oxygenation was found in most patients when sitting up. It is concluded that no respiratory benefit should be expected from sitting patients up in the early postoperative period. PMID- 6794768 TI - Urea for long-term treatment of syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. AB - The efficacy of oral urea in producing a sufficiently high osmotic diuresis was tested in seven patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. In all patients urea corrected the hyponatraemia despite a normal fluid intake. Five patients were controlled (serum sodium concentration greater than 128 mmol(mEq)/1) with a dose of 30 g urea daily, and two with 60 g daily. The patients who needed 30 g drank 1-2 1 of fluid daily, while those who needed 60 g drank up to 3.1 per day. No major side effects were noted, even after treatment periods of up to 270 days. These findings suggest that urea is a safe and efficacious treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. PMID- 6794766 TI - Neonatal effects of maternal administration of acebutolol. AB - Systolic blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose concentration were measured in the first three days of life in 10 infants born to mothers who had received acebutolol, a cardioselective beta-adrenergic-blocking agent, for hypertension in pregnancy and compared with values in 10 infants whose mothers had received methyldopa. The blood pressure was expressed as a percentage of the expected value. Blood pressure was significantly lower in the infants of the mothers given acebutolol (p less than 0.02, less than 0.01, and less than 0.01 respectively during the three days of observation). Heart rate was also lower, but the significance was only at the 0.05 level. Blood glucose was not significantly different between the two groups. These results suggest that care should be taken in prescribing beta-adrenergic-blocking drugs during pregnancy. PMID- 6794769 TI - Acute appendicitis in nine British towns. AB - The incidence of acute appendicitis was compared among residents in nine towns in England and Wales, the towns having been chosen so that three were in the north, three in the central latitude band, and three in the south. Each group of three towns comprised one with "better,' one with "intermediate,' and one with "worse' socioeconomic conditions. The data were derived from hospital records for the years 1974-7. Hospital discharge rates for acute appendicitis were higher in the three northern towns in both sexes and all age groups. There was no consistent variation with the socioeconomic state of the towns. The distribution of appendicitis in the nine towns differed from that of other "diseases of Western civilisation' and so weighs against the hypothesis of similar dietary influences in the aetiology of acute appendicitis and these other diseases. These findings are being followed up by dietary surveys in the towns. PMID- 6794770 TI - Late-onset atopic eczema and multiple food allergies after infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 6794771 TI - Renal embolisation for urinary fistula caused by irreparable ureteric injury. PMID- 6794772 TI - Localised amyloid deposit producing paraplegia. PMID- 6794775 TI - Culling quietly. PMID- 6794773 TI - Skin necrosis after heparin injection. PMID- 6794774 TI - Speech therapy for patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6794776 TI - Short-term and long-term effects of lay groups on weight reduction. AB - Three groups participated in a slimming programme run by lay people. The course lasted eight weeks, and the average weight loss was about 7 kg both in a small well-controlled study of 33 women and in a much larger one comprising over 10,000 people. Both studies were prospective. The long-term effect was studied in a random sample of about 1000 people. After four years 30-35% of the participants had kept the initial weight loss or were still reducing their weight, and only 15% had regained all the lost weight or more. That this result was better than usual may be because the programme operated through small groups of eight to 12 members run by the obese people themselves. The "slim-club hostesses' had all been obese and had succeeded in losing weight in the same programme. Group pressure and competition may also be important. Finally, the programme tried to change life styles, encouraging more exercise and reduced consumption of alcohol. The combination of scientific methods (behaviour therapy) and lay work may provide a clue for solving obesity and other serious health problems. PMID- 6794778 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. School failure. PMID- 6794777 TI - Couples facing death. II--Unsatisfactory communication. AB - Forty-one couples facing the prospect of separation by death were interviewed about how the nature and prognosis of their illness had been discussed with them by their general practitioner hospital staff, and the staff of the continuing care unit to which they were admitted. Communication between husband and wife and how they coped with telling their parents and their children was also assessed. Treatment was given when they were anxious or dissatisfied about the quality of communication in any of these areas. The couples found hospital doctors least successful at communication. Almost all who were dissatisfied wanted more information, not less. The wish to protect dependent relatives conflicted with the wish to be open, making decisions very difficult. Considerable suffering is caused by poor communication, and much of this is avoidable. PMID- 6794779 TI - The six diseases of WHO. Schistosomiasis: some advances. PMID- 6794780 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning and prolonged external cardiac massage during asystole. PMID- 6794781 TI - Alcohol and work: a promising approach. PMID- 6794782 TI - Doctors and nurses. PMID- 6794784 TI - Asthma--expiratory dyspnoea? PMID- 6794783 TI - Leaf protein. PMID- 6794786 TI - Whooping cough in adults. PMID- 6794785 TI - Stridor. PMID- 6794787 TI - Epididymo-orchitis. PMID- 6794789 TI - Ingrowing toenails: an evaluation of two treatments. PMID- 6794788 TI - False-negative results of Haemoccult test in colorectal cancer. PMID- 6794790 TI - Vaginitis revisited. PMID- 6794791 TI - The need for natural justice. PMID- 6794792 TI - Therapeutic embolisation. PMID- 6794793 TI - A new task for human growth hormone? PMID- 6794794 TI - Assessment of iron stores in inflammation by assay of serum ferritin concentrations. AB - A serum ferritin concentration of below 15 microgram/l is accepted as indicating diminished iron reserves in an otherwise normal person. In patients with inflammatory disease this lower limit of normality may be inappropriate as inflammation may directly stimulate the production of ferritin protein. Results obtained in a survey of 150 patients with early inflammatory joint disease suggest that a ferritin concentration of 55 microgram/l is a more appropriate lower limit of normality. PMID- 6794796 TI - Blood pressure reduction in elderly: a randomised controlled trial of methyldopa. AB - A total of 123 out of 549 elderly residents of local authority welfare homes in Nottinghamshire were found at screening to have a standing or lying diastolic blood pressure of 100 mm Hg or more. These 123 subjects were randomly allocated to simple observation or to treatment with methyldopa. The cumulative mortality was similar in the observed and treated groups and in the normotensive group from which the subjects had been separated. Thus moderate hypertension, whether treated or not, was not a major risk predictor in the elderly population studied. PMID- 6794795 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane in diabetes. AB - Concentrations of the stable antiaggregatory prostacyclin metabolite 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) and of the proaggregatory thromboxane A2 metabolite thromboxane B2 were measured by radioimmunoassay in plasma from 53 diabetics. In 33 of these patients the ability of platelets to produce thromboxane B2 during spontaneous clotting was also studied. Plasma 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations were higher (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics (mean 107.7 +/- SE 7.6 ng/l) than in non-diabetic controls matched for age and sex (87.5 +/- 4.7 ng/l), and diabetics with microangiography (n = 28) and higher (p less than 0.01) concentrations (124.3 +/- 10.8 ng/l) than those without microangiography (n = 25; 89.2 +/- 9.3 ng/l). Plasma thromboxane B2 concentrations were also higher (p less than 0.01) in the diabetics (mean 218.5 +/- SE 25.3 ng/l) than in the controls (127.7 +/- 9.8 ng/l), but this increase was not related to microangiography. The ability of platelets to generate thromboxane B2 did not differ between the diabetics (181.4 +/- 16.4 microgram/l) and controls (195.8 +/- 11.8 microgram/l). Platelets of diabetics with microangiopathy or taking oral hypoglycaemic agents (n = 19), however, produced decreased amounts of thromboxane B2 during clotting. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were not related to concentrations of glucose, haemoglobin A1, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cholesterol, triglycerides, magnesium, or creatinine. These results suggest that in diabetics with microangiopathy a balance between prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 is shifted to dominance by prostacyclin. PMID- 6794797 TI - Colovesical fistula diagnosed by unconventional procedure. PMID- 6794798 TI - Simple technique for measuring serum or plasma viscosity with disposable apparatus. PMID- 6794799 TI - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with Dyazide (triamterene hydrochlorothiazide). PMID- 6794800 TI - Status epilepticus caused by solvent abuse. PMID- 6794801 TI - Attitudes to psychological illness in general practice. A historical cycle complete. PMID- 6794802 TI - Stringent prescribing in general practice. PMID- 6794803 TI - "New chronic" patients. AB - A five-year follow-up of 1467 mental hospital patients showed that 501 had died, 449 had been discharged, and 517 were still resident. During this period 81 "new chronic" patients aged under 65 were admitted: 49 were readmissions and 15 of 32 first admissions had had previous periods in other psychiatric hospitals. Many new chronic patients were old chronic with intervals of community care, and one third of them were likely to require permanent care. These findings provide no comfort for those who believe that present DHSS plans for mental health services can ever be realised. PMID- 6794804 TI - Innovations in medical records in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6794805 TI - Alcohol, women, and the young: the same old problem? PMID- 6794806 TI - The six diseases WHO. Human trypanosomiasis in Africa. PMID- 6794808 TI - Caring for the aged. PMID- 6794807 TI - Amoebic liver abscess in a Norfolk factory worker. PMID- 6794809 TI - Contraception in diabetics. PMID- 6794810 TI - Management of patients with bilateral amputations. PMID- 6794811 TI - Improved pain relief after thoracotomy. PMID- 6794812 TI - Multiple-gated blood pool imaging in diagnosis of left ventricular aneurysms. PMID- 6794813 TI - Vitamin A toxicity and hypercalcaemia in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6794814 TI - Aspirin and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6794815 TI - Gastroenteritis in Britain: management at home. PMID- 6794816 TI - Policeman's heel. PMID- 6794817 TI - Matricide. PMID- 6794819 TI - Antismokers under attack. PMID- 6794818 TI - Paediatricians and the law. PMID- 6794820 TI - Diagnosis of jaundice. PMID- 6794821 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity in response to inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised solutions of distilled water and saline. AB - To assess non-specific bronchial reactivity the effect of inhaling ultrasonically nebulised solutions of distilled water and hypotonic (0.3%), isotonic (0.9%), and hypertonic (2.7%, 3.6%) saline was investigated in 10 asthmatic patients and nine normal subjects. Expired ventilation and the maximum percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were recorded. The sensitivity to the inhaled solutions was determined by measuring the ventilation required to induce a fall in FEV1 of 20% from the prechallenge value. Hypotonic and hypertonic but not isotonic solutions caused a significant fall in FEV1 in the asthmatic subjects. Normal subjects showed no response to either distilled water or 3.6% saline, the only solutions with which they were challenged. The method used for this challenge is rapid, simple, and inexpensive and provides a new means of diagnosing non-immunologically mediated bronchial hyperreactivity. PMID- 6794822 TI - DR antigens and rheumatoid arthritis: a study of two populations. AB - Thr prevalence of HLA-DR antigens was determined in a group of white patients with rheumatoid arthritis, similar patients originating from the Indian subcontinent, and corresponding controls. Rheumatoid arthritis was found to be highly associated with DR4 in the white patients but with DR1 in the Indian patients. These results raise the possibility that the DR antigens themselves do not play a part in increasing susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis, but the locus for increased susceptibility is probably closely linked to the DR locus. PMID- 6794823 TI - Oestrogen receptors and survival in early breast cancer. AB - Oestrogen receptor status was related to survival in 414 patients with primary breast cancer. Women with oestrogen receptors in their tumours survived significantly longer than those without receptors; this was true for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and also when the patients were subdivided into those with and without axillary metastases. Patients with axillary metastases and no oestrogen receptors in their tumours had the worst prognosis, while women with axillary metastases and oestrogen receptors had a death rate similar to that of women with no axillary metastases and no receptors. Patients without oestrogen receptors and with no axillary metastases were identified as a high-risk group, and it would seem appropriate to include such patients in future trials for adjuvant therapy in early breast cancer. PMID- 6794824 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy in outpatients with suspected colonic disease. AB - One hundred and fifteen patients attending a gastroenterology clinic were investigated by flexible sigmoidoscopy as outpatients. There were asked to fast before the examination and give a high-volume enema and sedated before the examination. A standard long colonoscope was used rather than the 60-cm sigmoidoscope, which limits the distance that can be examined and forces the operator to work very close to the patient. Preparation was considered good in 95 patients and 49 were examined as far as the hepatic flexure or beyond. Sixty-one patients were found to have lesions of the colon, 25 of them ulcerative colitis, 16 a poly, and nine carcinoma. Despite the fact that these patients were selected (some of them had already had ulcerative colitis diagnosed), flexible sigmoidoscopy proved to be a valuable initial outpatient investigation. The proximal colon was well visualised in 46 patients and a subsequent barium enema was considered unnecessary. There were no complications and the procedure seemed to be well tolerated. PMID- 6794825 TI - Would a medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette be less hazardous to health? AB - Smoking behaviour and exposure to carbon monoxide, nicotine, and tar were studied in 19 middle-tar smokers. All smoked their own brands for three weeks and then switched to either a conventional low-nicotine, low-tar brand (control) or a medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette for a further three weeks, the order then being reversed. The medium-nicotine, low-tar brand also had a low delivery of carbon monoxide. With the medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette mouth-level delivery and intake of nicotine was similar to that with the smokers' usual brands, and significantly greater than with the control low-tar cigarette. Intake of carbon monoxide from the medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette was significantly less than with either own or control brands. With both low-tar brands mouth-level exposure to tar was reduced relative to smokers' usual cigarettes. There was no evidence, however, that the reduction in tar exposure was greater with the medium-nicotine brand than with the control low-tar cigarette. Both low tar brands were "'oversmoked" relative to subjects' usual middle-tar cigarettes. The medium nicotine, low-tar cigarette was marginally more acceptable than the control brand, and the particular design used in the study resulted in a lower intake of carbon monoxide. In terms of reducing mouth-level exposure to tar, however, the medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette had no advantage over the control low-tar product. In part this was because of the ratio of tar to nicotine delivery obtained by human smokers was not the same as that obtained by smoking machine. PMID- 6794826 TI - Captopril-associated lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6794827 TI - Long-term morbidity of herpes zoster ophthalmicus. PMID- 6794828 TI - Significance of early postoperative fever in children. PMID- 6794829 TI - Facial burns due to fan heater. PMID- 6794830 TI - How is gastroenteritis treated? PMID- 6794831 TI - Treatment of urinary tract infection with a single dose of amoxycillin, co trimoxazole, or trimethoprim.. PMID- 6794832 TI - Treatment of acute urinary tract infection with three doses of co-trimoxazole. PMID- 6794833 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6794834 TI - Prospective monitoring for adverse reactions to drugs in general practice. PMID- 6794835 TI - A psychogeriatric survey of old people's homes. AB - An assessment of mental impairment and behavioral disabilities in 289 residents in six old people's homes indicated that 50.6% were probably demented and 54% needed considerable help in daily living, 74% were taking prescribed medication, and 11% were taking four or more prescribed drugs. There was a wide variation between homes in those rated as behaviourally disabled, and in the amount of medication prescribed. A follow-up of 60 mentally impaired residents showed few remediable psychiatric disorders or psychotoxic drug effects. A community psychiatric nurse working with the psychogeriatric team would provide a useful support service to old people's homes, particularly where there is a high proportion of disturbed residents and where the staff lack nursing experience. PMID- 6794836 TI - Lacerations from glass in childhood. AB - A study of 62 glass injuries to children serious enough to warrant admission to hospital showed that 30 were due to architectural glass in doors or windows and 26 of these occurred in houses. Glass bottles caused 12 injuries. Architectural glass produced more serious injuries affecting major arteries, nerves and tendons, and internal viscera. In view of the frequency and severity of architectural glass injuries in houses, safety glass in recommended for all glass doors, French windows, patio doors, and the lower parts of windows. PMID- 6794837 TI - Experience at a clinical research ethical review committee. PMID- 6794839 TI - Beetle marasmus. PMID- 6794838 TI - Obese no longer. PMID- 6794840 TI - ABC of alcohol. Nature of the problem. PMID- 6794841 TI - The six disease of WHO. PMID- 6794842 TI - Preconception clinics. PMID- 6794843 TI - Serum glutamate dehydrogenase in alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6794844 TI - Pathogenesis and treatment of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6794845 TI - Acute ileitis. PMID- 6794846 TI - Acute viral encephalitis. PMID- 6794847 TI - Vaginitis revisited. PMID- 6794848 TI - False-negative results of Haemoccult test. PMID- 6794849 TI - Metronidazole and antibiotic-associated colitis. PMID- 6794850 TI - Microbiology of pyogenic liver abscess. PMID- 6794851 TI - Genetics and halothane hepatitis. PMID- 6794852 TI - Position of patient and respiratory function in immediate postoperative period. PMID- 6794853 TI - Deaths from asthma on holiday. PMID- 6794854 TI - Evaluation of the coagglutination test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in primary cultures. AB - The coagglutination (COA) test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was compared with immunofluorescence and sugar degradation tests on 1710 gonococcal isolates, 72 of which produce beta-lactamase. The COA test gave a positive result for 98.6% of the strains. Treatment of suspensions with Streptomyces enzyme reduced the incidence of inconclusive results due to autoagglutination to 1.2%. Cross-reactivity of the gonococcal antiserum was minimised by absorption with meningococci and Moraxella species. The COA provide a simple, quick, and reliable method for identifying N gonorrhoeae in culture. PMID- 6794856 TI - Disseminated gonococcal infection due to a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A case report. AB - A beta-lactamase-producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with nutritional requirements for arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil was isolated from the knee joint fluid, the genital tract, and the sexual partner of a woman presenting with gonococcal arthritis. PMID- 6794855 TI - Gonorrhoea in men with homosexual contacts. Serogroups of isolated gonococcal strains related to antibiotic susceptibility, site of infection, and symptoms. AB - In 37 homosexual men the incidences of urethral, rectal, and pharyngeal gonorrhoea were 45.9%, 56.8%, and 27% respectively. Local symptoms were present in all men with urethral gonorrhoea but in only 25% of those with pharyngeal or rectal gonorrhoea or both. Infection at two sites was found in 29.7% of the patients. Forty-nine gonococcal isolates from the 37 patients were serogrouped by coagglutination into one of the serogroups WI, WII, and WIII, and their susceptibility to benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, cefuroxime, doxycycline, and spectinomycin tested. Only one gonococcal isolate from each patient was counted when two isolates belonged to the same serogroup and had the same antibiotic susceptibility. Thus, 15.4%, 76.9%, and 7.7% of the gonococcal strains belonged to serogroups WI, WII, and WIII respectively. There was a significantly lower incidence of WI strains and a significantly higher incidence of WII strains among men with homosexual contacts than among other patients with gonorrhoea from the same geographical region. Gonococcal strains of serogroup WI were significantly more resistant to all antibiotics tested, except to spectinomycin, than randomly chosen WI strains. Among WII and WIII strains the incidence of diminished susceptibility to all antibiotics tested was about the same. PMID- 6794857 TI - Trimethoprim in a selective medium for isolation of gonococci. PMID- 6794858 TI - Penicillinase-producing gonococci in the Netherlands. PMID- 6794859 TI - Differential effects of hypertonic mannitol and glycerol on rat brain metabolism and amino acids. AB - Intraperitoneal injections in rats of two different dosages of hypertonic solutions containing mannitol or glycerol caused complex and differential changes in brain amino acids. When plasma osmolalities were elevated to toxic levels of 397--432 mOsm/kg H2O, brain sodium was increased, whereas plasma sodium was decreased. Brain potassium was not affected. Brain water decreased significantly, concomitant with elevation of plasma osmolality. Both brain lactic acid and [125I]albumin space rose significantly. Brain amino acids (mostly aliphatic and basic amino acids) as well as Gaba and glycine (putative inhibitory neurotransmitters) increased after both mannitol and glycerol. Ammonia was stimulated by mannitol but was unaffected by glycerol. Plasma amino acids, which generally increased after mannitol, were decreased by glycerol. When the plasma osmolalities were elevated only to moderate levels (about 350 mOsm/kg H2O), only glycerol induced a significant increase in brain taurine, aspartic acid, alanine, leucine and lysine. Thus, with moderate hyperosmolality, glycerol has striking effects on brain amino acid metabolism that are not observed with mannitol. PMID- 6794860 TI - [A micromethod allowing the preparation and translation of messenger ribonucleic acid from adenohypophysis cells in culture]. AB - We have developed a microscaled method for the extraction and translation of mRNA from 2 x 10(5)-2 x 10(6) anterior pituitary cells. This method applied to a fraction of enriched gonadotrophs enabled us to confirm our previous results suggesting that (1) Rat LH subunits were synthesized in a cell-free system as precursors, from separate mRNAs; (2). The relative molecular mass of precursors, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was 17-17,5 kD for LH alpha and 18,5-19 kD for LH beta. This procedure resulted in a 5-6 fold increase in the proportion of in vitro synthesized precursors in LH subunits. PMID- 6794861 TI - [Protective effect of cell wall extract from Pichia fermentans against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes infections]. PMID- 6794862 TI - [Effect of ethanol, acetazolamide, and cyclophosphamide on protein and lecithin concentrations in broncho-alveolar liquid film of mice]. AB - An original approach to reveal in Mice, the impact of some xenobiotics and drugs on the alveolo-capillary barrier...(ethanol, acetazolamide, cyclophosphamide is described. Drugs are injected I.P. during five days in subacute dose size. Concentrations of lecithines and proteins are settled in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from animals having or not undergone an important blood loss just before the lavage. PMID- 6794863 TI - [Changes in the female gonads of the chick embryo after tamoxifen]. AB - Tamoxifen has been given to Chick embryos between the 3rd and 7th day at doses of 0.2-2 mg/egg. It was non-toxic and strongly anti-estrogenic. The female gonads were modified in their development. The ovary showed dense medulla with numerous cords and a reduced cortex. The right gonad partially regressed and was "masculinized". Mullerian ducts normally regressed in tamoxifen-treated male embryos. These results suggest the physiological intervention of estrogen during the normal embryonic female development. PMID- 6794865 TI - [Presence of new factors in the human placenta. Demonstration of a new method of determination]. PMID- 6794864 TI - [Changes in plasma progesterone levels in the female badger after removal of the pregnant uterus]. AB - In the European badger Meles meles L., the progesterone profile during the gestational phase shows two successive periods. The first, corresponding to implantation could be due to pituitary stimulation and seems not to have any relation with embryos. The second seems to be due to the presence of the placenta. Indeed, after hysterectomy the levels of plasma progesterone are significantly lower. PMID- 6794866 TI - [Inactivating depolarization of relay neurons in the lateral geniculate body during paradoxical sleep in the cat]. AB - In relay neurons of the lateral geniculate body, burst discharges that occur during paradoxical sleep in the cat are accompanied by depolarizations. Some of these depolarizations reached threshold for spike inactivation. The possible mechanism of these depolarizations is briefly discussed. PMID- 6794867 TI - [Comparison by electrophoresis of esterases of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis]. AB - Esterases of 32 strains of Y. enterocolitica and of 16 strains of Y. Pseudotuberculosis were compared by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-agarose gel and by electrophoresis in a 4 to 30% polyacrylamide gradient gel. Differences observed in electrophoretic distributions and in molecular weights of esterases defined distinct esterase patterns for these two species. PMID- 6794868 TI - [Chronic polyarthrosynovitis in the goat: histological and physicochemical study of an animal model of apatite crystallopathic rheumatism]. AB - The aim of this paper is to describe clinical pattern and pathogenesis of spontaneous chronic polyarthritis observed in Swiss goats. Roentgenograms, histologic findings, ultrastructural study and microprobe analysis of synovium samples show apatite microcrystal deposit ion. Thus this spontaneous goat disease may be related to apatite microcrystal deposit ion disease in man, so called crystallopathic-hydroxyapatite rheumatism. PMID- 6794869 TI - [Binding of a tetrabenazine derivative to the monoamine transporter of the chromaffin granule membrane]. AB - [2-3H] dihydrotetrabenazine (2-hydroxy-3-isobutyl-9-10-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4,6,7 hexahydro-11 bH-benzo [a] quinolizine), a derivative of tetrabenazine obtained by tritiated borohydride reduction, binds to the membrane of purified chromaffin granules. The binding equilibrium has been studied by filtration and by centrifugation of ligand-membrane complexes. Saturable binding sites (190 pmol/mg protein), characterized by a dissociation equilibrium constant KD = 90 nM have been described. The correlation existing between dihydrotetrabenazine site occupancy and noradrenaline uptake inhibition indicates that these sites are located on the monoamine transporter. PMID- 6794870 TI - [Effect of the age of the mouse on the action of Corynebacterium parvum in inhibiting the growth of 2 syngenetic tumors]. AB - The antitumor properties of Corynebacterium parvum have been studied in Mice of different ages of two inbred strains: XVII Mice and C3H Mice grafted with syngeneic tumors. The antitumor protection was very weak in young Mice: no effect on mortality rate, only an increase in mean survival time was observed. The highest level of protection was obtained in 2-5 month old Mice (100% of survival) In aged Mice this antitumor protection decreases more rapidly in C3H Mice than in XVII Mice. It is interesting to note that 21 day old XVII Mice and 25 day old C3H Mice, non weaned, are partially protected by C. parvum (50% survival), while treated Mice of the same age, already weaned, are not. PMID- 6794871 TI - [Period of sensitivity of the primary visual cortex of the cat to the unilateral suppression of extraocular proprioceptive afferents]. AB - Unilateral suppression of extraocular proprioceptive afferents, which run through the ophthalmic branch of the Vth nerve, disrupted binocular integration in the primary visual cortex of normally reared kittens, when it was performed between 4 and 8 weeks of postnatal age. One month later, half the visual cortical cells were exclusively activated through one eye. A similar disorganization of binocularity was observed in visually deprived Kittens when unilateral lesion was performed at 6 weeks of age. We conclude that the loss of binocular integration is caused by non visual factors, probably related to asymmetry between proprioceptive informations from each eye. PMID- 6794872 TI - Total body bone mineral and lean body mass by dual-photon absorptiometry. I. Theory and measurement procedure. AB - A method was developed for measuring total body bone mineral (TBBM) and lean body mass in vivo using dual-photon absorptiometry. The entire body was scanned in a rectilinear raster (transverse speed of 1 cm/s and longitudinal steps of 2.5 cm) with a modified nuclear medicine scanner and conventional nuclear counting electronics. The source was 153Gd (1 Ci) with principal photopeaks at 44 and 100 keV. The scan time was about 70 min with an absorbed dose of under 1 mrem. The low dose allows measurements to be repeated at frequent intervals or used on children. Short-term (months) precision of TBBM was about 1.5% for isolated skeletons and about 2% on normal human subjects. Long-term (years) precision on skeletons was under 3%. The precision of percent fat was 0.9%, which would lead to an error of less than 1% in the TBBM. Geometry of measurements also had minimal (and correctable) influence on the accuracy of results. The accuracy (1 standard error of estimate) of TBBM on isolated skeletons (N = 5) was 36 g (equivalent to about 13 g of Ca) with a correlation coefficient of 0.99; this error amounts to about 1--1.5% in normal adults; 2% in older women, and 2.5% in osteoporotic females. The dual-photon absorptiometry method could be implemented in many nuclear medicine departments to follow skeletal changes during growth and aging or to follow the course of a disease or treatment. PMID- 6794873 TI - Total body bone mineral and lean body mass by dual-photon absorptiometry. II. Comparison with total body calcium by neutron activation analysis. AB - Total body bone mineral (TBBM) was measured in vivo using dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) in 10 subjects. The total body calcium (TBCa) was measured in the same subjects using neutron activation analysis. The correlation between the two methods was very high (r greater than 0.99) and the standard error of estimate was low. The TBCa relative to TBBM was about 39%. The two noninvasive methods provided nearly identical indications of skeletal mass, but the radiation exposure with DPA was 500 to 5000 times smaller (0.6 mrem vs 300 to 3000 mrem). The radius shaft bone mineral content was highly correlated with the TBBM (0.97) and the TBCa (0.98) and could be used to estimate the latter variables with errors (1 SEE) of 9% and 6%, respectively. PMID- 6794874 TI - Total body bone mineral and lean body mass by dual-photon absorptiometry. III. Comparison with trunk calcium by neutron activation analysis. AB - Dual-photon absorptiometry using 153Gd (44 and 100 keV) was used to measure the bone mineral content (BMC) of the trunk and of the total body (TBBM) in 7 volunteers with no overt bone disease. These values were compared to those obtained with partial-body neutron activation of calcium (trunk Ca). The trunk Ca seemed to represent best a 60 x 30 cm area; the correlation coefficient with the corresponding BMC in that area was 0.97 (SEE congruent to 7%). Trunk Ca was also highly correlated with TBBM (r = 0.96; SEE = 8%) and with radius BMC (r = 0.92; SEE = 11%), but the correlations with the BMC of smaller subareas of the trunk were lower (r congruent to 0.9; SEE approximately 12%). The BMC of the lumbar spine was only moderately correlated with trunk Ca, radius BMC and TBBM (r approximately 0.82; SEE approximately 18%), and only slightly more associated with trunk BMC (r approximately 0.88; SEE approximately 14%). The BMC of the combined lumbar-thoracic spine showed higher correlations with trunk Ca, radius BMC and TBBM (r approximately 0.87; SEE approximately 13%), and trunk BMC (r = 0.93; SEE approximately 10%). An accurate and sensitive measure of spinal status requires a direct measurement of that area. PMID- 6794875 TI - Bone histomorphometric reproducibility in normal patients. AB - To study bone histomorphometry reproducibility in normal subjects, we performed during orthopedic surgery bone biopsies in 16 postmenopausal women. Each woman had four bone biopsies, two at the usual site in the iliac crest, one on the left and one on the right side, and two other biopsies just behind the usual site, one at each side. We performed measurements of trabecular bone volume, relative osteoid volume, osteoid surfaces, osteoclastic resorption surfaces and calcification front. The average values of the 16 patients were compared, on the one hand, two by two, by a student test, and on the other hand, by a variance analysis. By these two methods the results showed no significant difference between the average values of the 16 patients at each location for any of the histomorphometric parameters studied. However, there was a location variation which was estimated by the intra-individual variation for a given patient. On the other hand, we calculated from the variance analysis the location variance for a group of 10 to 100 patients. In any case all the parameters had a location variation which was high for osteoclastic resorption surfaces and relative osteoid volume when expressed in % of the absolute value of these parameters. The variation of the trabecular bone volume was 0--46. 15% (95% confident limit interval) in a single patient and the hypothetical value of the location variation was 41.6% for a group of 10 patients and 13.0% for a group of 100 patients. PMID- 6794876 TI - Radioimmunoassays for the 28-48 region of parathyroid hormone detect intact hormone but not hormone fragments. PMID- 6794877 TI - Ultrastructure of the rat epiphyseal growth plate following chronic ethanol ingestion. AB - We have previously demonstrated that ethanol has a direct toxic effect on the rat skeleton characterized by decreased trabecular bone volume. In the present study, we examined the ultrastructure of the distal radial epiphyseal growth plates in these same animals. Eight weeks of ethanol administration to 12 male rats results in serum alcohol levels of 140 mg/dl but did not alter the width or light microscopic appearance of the radial growth plate. Quantitative electron microscopy failed to demonstrate morphologic evidence of toxicity in the skeletal cells. We conclude that although ethanol appears to have a direct effect on rat bone characterized by enhanced resorption, toxicity is not attended by ultrastructural changes in the skeletal cells. PMID- 6794878 TI - Purification, composition, and 31P NMR spectroscopic properties of a noncollagenous phosphoprotein isolated from chicken bone matrix. AB - Fractionation of the EDTA-soluble, noncollagenous proteins of the organic matrix of chicken bone by Sephadex G-100 molecular sieving has revealed that the majority of the organic phosphorus is present in two fractions, from one of which a homogeneous phosphoprotein has been isolated. The purified phosphoprotein has an apparent molecular weight of 12,000 and contains both O-phosphoserine and O phosphothreonine. 31P-NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that all of the organic phosphorus exists in the form of phosphomonoesters which have an average pK2 of 6.8. The phosphoprotein is highly acidic due to its high content of dicarboxylic acids in addition to the presence of organic phosphorus. The characteristic amino acid composition of the phosphoprotein establishes its noncollagenous nature and highlights the differences among bone, dentin, and enamel phosphoproteins. The absence of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid distinguishes it from osteocalcin, the noncollagenous gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptide of bone matrix. PMID- 6794879 TI - Lipid composition of two types of chondrocytes in primary culture. AB - Chondrocytes from articular and growth plate cartilage were grown in primary culture. The lipid content, distribution into different types, as well as the fatty acid patterns of these lipids were compared when the cells had reached stationary phase and were synthesizing maximal amounts of proteoglycans. Numerous significant differences were observed, depending on the origin of the chondrocytes. In particular, growth plate chondrocytes showed increased dry weight, increased lipid content (phosphatides and triglycerides), and decreased cholesterol to phosphatide ratio when compared to articular chondrocytes; they also incorporated more of C18:1 and less C16:0 into their major lipid types. Whether these differences arise from specific metabolic regulation or are a consequence of chondrocyte organization in primary culture remains unclear. PMID- 6794880 TI - Ultrastructural and physiological evidence for calcitonin-induced postprandial calcium storage in bones of rats. PMID- 6794881 TI - Crystal growth of calcium apatites in dilute solutions containing fluoride. AB - The kinetics of seeded crystal growth of calcium apatites were studied in dilute supersaturated solutions at various levels of fluoride concentrations. Initial precipitation rates were enhanced by fluoride concentrations higher than 0.05 ppm. The analytical results are consistent with the precipitation of fluoridated hydroxyapatites, Ca5Fx-(OH)1-x(PO4)3, FHA. The degree of fluoridation, X, appears to be determined by the activity of HF in solution, which varies for the various initial fluoride levels but remains fairly constant during precipitation. Thus the composition of the precipitating phase was the same for a given solution whether 25 or 10 mg of hydroxyapatite was added as seeds. All the experimental results are consistent with the BCF theory, which relates the mean linear rate of growth, RL, to the supersaturation, DS, by the expression RL = C1T(DS 1)1n(DS)tanh(C2/T 1n DS), in which DS is the supersaturation defined by mean molar activities with respect to the precipitating FHA, T the absolute temperature, and C1 and C2 are constants calculated from the experimental results. Consequently, the crystal growth appears to take place in surface kinks and to be controlled by surface diffusion. Since crystal growth in most biological systems takes place at fluoride concentrations within the experimental range used, it seems probable that it occurs along the model advanced in the present investigation. PMID- 6794882 TI - Studies of diffusion in calvaria. AB - The rates of diffusion of small ions and neutral molecules through isolated calvaria have been determined. Compared with data published on self-diffusion and diffusion through cartilage, H2O, 3-O-methylglucose, lactate, sulfate, and methylamine diffuse at approximately 2/3 the expected rate. Diffusion of H2O and sulfate was unaffected by the administration of the diphosphonate 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP), although phosphate fluxes are markedly diminished. Diffusion of water was nearly doubled by vitamin D deficiency. A 1-week treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 had no effect on H2O diffusion while returning calcium influx to normal. It is concluded that bone matrix permits a flow of small neutral and ionized molecules nearly comparable to that in cartilage. When changes in calcium and phosphate influx are observed, they can be ascribed to the exchange properties of bone mineral and not to changes in matrix permeability. PMID- 6794883 TI - Regulation of the dephosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase a and synthase b by glucose and caffeine in isolated hepatocytes. AB - Synergistic regulation of glycogen phosphorylase a by the competitive inhibitors glucose and caffeine in vitro indicates a possible physiological role for the negative effector site which binds caffeine (nucleoside site). In intact viable hepatocytes glucose promotes the phosphorylase a to be conversion by phosphorylase phosphatase. This conversion is considered to be a necessary prelude to the activation of glycogen synthase by phosphatase and of importance in hepatic regulation of glucose homeostasis. The effects of glucose and(or) caffeine on the conversion of phosphorylase a to b and synthase b to a were studied. Assays of phosphorylase a were used which limited synergistic inhibition (in the assay) by these ligands. Such an approach is necessary to achieve an accurate measure of phosphatase activity in the viable hepatocyte when the combination of ligands is used. The data indicate that in the presence of caffeine and glucose together, the rate of loss of phosphorylase a is significantly increased (1.7-fold) over that in the presence of glucose alone. Phosphorylase phosphatase is activated. The sequential activation of glycogen synthase was also accelerated in the presence of both ligands. The results are consistent with an in vivo function for the nucleoside site, similar to that of glucose. A controlling role or phosphorylase in the regulation of glycogen metabolism by glucose is supported. Although the existence and nature of an intracellular effector is as yet unknown, crystallographic analyses of phosphorylase a crystals soaked in perchloric acid extracts of liver demonstrate that the negative effector site binds a natural metabolite. PMID- 6794884 TI - The glycosphingolipids of human plasma lipoproteins. AB - Human plasma contains low concentrations of four neutral glycosphingolipids (glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, and globotetraosylceramide) and GM3 ganglioside which occur as part of the plasma lipoproteins, particularly low density lipoprotein (LDL, d 1.006-1.063 g. mL-1) and to a lesser extent with high density lipoprotein (HDL, d 1.063-1.21 g.mL-1). Plasma glucosylceramide appears to exchange freely between plasma lipoproteins and erythrocytes, and probably also between different lipoprotein fractions, in the circulation. Free exchange of other major neutral glycosphingolipids (GSLs) between lipoproteins and erythrocytes, or between lipoprotein fractions, does not normally occur. The GSL profile of each lipoprotein fraction is the same as the overall GSL composition of unfractionated plasma. In Fabry disease and Gaucher disease, GSL storage diseases, the excess glycolipid in plasma is distributed among the various lipoprotein fractions in the same relative proportions as in healthy individuals. In familial hypercholesterolemia, in which the levels of all plasma GSLs are elevated, the excess GSL is largely associated with the increased concentrations of LDL. In patients with hereditary hypolipoproteinemias, the levels of GSL in plasma are decreased less than those of other lipids. The relative excess of GSL in these patients is distributed among the remaining lipoprotein fractions. Excess GSL such as occurs in Fabry disease, does not appear to have a biologically significant effect on the physical stability of human LDL. PMID- 6794885 TI - Purification and some properties of the hemolytic toxin aerolysin. AB - Aerolysin, the hemolytic toxin produced by Aeromonas hydrophila, has been purified by a combination of salt fractionation, gel filtration, and ion-exchange and hydroxyapatite chromatography. The resulting protein has a molecular weight of 51 500 and appears homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate. It is free of detectable protease and phospholipase activities. The purified protein can be separated into two active components with pIs of 5.39 and 5.46 by isoelectric focusing. Both components are found in the original culture supernatant indicating that the multiplicity is not due to proteolysis during isolation. Purified aerolysin is unstable even at 25 degrees C and its hemolytic action is inhibited by certain reducing agents including ferrous iron and cysteine. It appears to be the only toxin hemolytic to human cells that is produced by A. hydrophila under the conditions described. PMID- 6794886 TI - Metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I of chylomicrons in rats and humans. AB - After intravenous injection of a large amount of small chylomicrons into intact rats, the concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) A-I was increased by about 40% and remained at this elevated level as most of the chylomicron triglycerides were removed from plasma during the ensuing hour. This apo A-I rapidly left the chylomicrons and was transferred to lipoproteins of higher density. Such transfer of apo A-I did not occur when chylomicrons were incubated at comparably high concentrations with rat serum. In normolipidemic humans, the concentration of apo A-I and apo A-II, as well as phospholipids, increased in the light subfraction of high density lipoproteins (HDL2) 4 to 7 h after ingestion of a meal containing 1.5 g cream fat per kilogram body weight. The concentration of these components increased in the heavy subfraction of high density lipoproteins (HDL3) after 12 to 24 h. The concentration of apo E in plasma was unaffected by fat ingestion, but the concentration of this protein increased in lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g . mL-1 and fell in lipoproteins of higher density. It is concluded that apo A-I in rat chylomicrons is transferred quantitatively to HDL as chylomicron remnants are formed. Chylomicron apo A-I and apo A-II appear to be transferred similarly to HDL in humans, whereas apo E is transferred from HDL to chylomicrons after chylomicrons enter the blood. PMID- 6794887 TI - Changes in levels of alcohol dehydrogenase during the development of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The results of an analysis of the biochemical basis of changes in alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) activity over Drosophila development are presented. The data indicate that (1) the characteristic changes that occur in ADH activity over development are predominantly, it not exclusively, the result of quantitative changes in the amount of enzyme present rather than qualitative changes affecting the enzyme's specific activity and (2) the fluctuations in amount of ADH which occur during development are not the result of the only known form of post-translational modification capable of affecting the biochemical properties of the enzyme. We conclude that developmental changes in amount of ADH are most likely the result of fluctuations in the turnover of the ADH protein. PMID- 6794888 TI - Effect of the singed locus on the egg production curve of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Egg production curves of virgin and mated females of several genotypes at the singed locus of Drosophila melanogaster have been studied. Fitz-Earle's theorectical model (1971) for characterizing daily egg production has been used. In general, the model gave good fit to the experimental data. A clear effect of the female genotype is detected on the following parameters and derivations of the model: alpha, rate of decrease in egg production; tq, day of cessation of egg laying, N(tmax), maximum egg production; and T(t0,Tq), total lifetime egg production. Homozygous snqr females present higher values of alpha and lower values of tq, N(tmax), and T(t0,tq) than heterozygous and wild-type homozygous females. Egg-to-larva viability along female lifetime related with the different physiological stages of the egg-laying curve (increasing, maximum, and decreasing parts) has been also studied. Homozygous snqr females show low viability and decreasing with age compared to wildtype females. In some cases, different physiological stages of the egg production curve show characteristic egg-to-larva viability values. PMID- 6794889 TI - Selection for malathion-resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Results from a long-term selection experiment for malathion-resistance in Drosophila melanogaster are described. A polled population of 40 locally-caught, iso-female lines was exposed to increasing concentrations of malathion in the food at both a high selection intensity (MH) and a lower intensity (ML). The response was consistent with a polygenic system. Both adult and larval resistance increased in parallel. Changes in the dose-response curve of adults could be approximately described by a dose-modification factor. Larval resistance was more complex; both selected populations showed a maternal effect which could not be explained by sex-linked genes. Larval resistance in the selected populations behaved as a co-dominant trait with respect to the susceptible controls. Adult resistance was dominant in the ML and co-dominant in the MH population, suggesting that different genes conferring resistance were selected. The selection procedure also produced a developmental delay in both populations, dependent on malathion concentration, but present even in its absence. PMID- 6794890 TI - Isometric contractile properties and instantaneous stiffness of amphibian skeletal muscle in the temperature range from 0 to 20 degrees C. AB - The isometric contractile properties of frog (Rana pipiens) and toad (Bufo bufo) sartorii have been studied over the temperature range from 0 to 20 degrees C. The isometric twitch tension was found to vary considerably between these two species and between muscles in the same species. Between 0 and 4 degrees C there was very little change in maximum isometric twitch tension. Between 4 and 12 degrees C several muscles from frog or toad showed a potentiation of twitch tension whereas others showed a decline. Over this temperature range the toad sartorii consistently demonstrated a greater potentiation. By 12 degrees C a steady decline in twitch tension in both muscles was seen as the temperature range the toad sartorii consistently demonstrated a greater potentiation. By 12 degrees C a steady decline in twitch tension in both muscles was seen as the temperature approached 20 degrees C. The maximum isometric tetanic tension recorded between 18 and 20 degrees C increased fractionally to an average of 1.504 +/- 0.029 (n = 4) for frog sartorii and to 1.377 +/- 0.008 (n = 5) for toad sartorii. The time to peak twitch tension and the half-relaxation time decreased markedly with an increase in temperature. Moreover, the half-relaxation time was reduced by a greater proportion than the time to peak twitch tension. Measurements of instantaneous stiffness by controlled velocity releases from the plateau of isometric tetani revealed that the large increase in isometric tetanus tension as the muscle was warmed was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the total number of active cross-bridges. The possibility that a decreased availability of intracellular Ca2+ ions at the contractile sites contributing to the fall of isometric twitch tension at elevated temperatures is discussed. The possibility exists that at elevated temperatures a change inthe intrinsic contractile ability of the muscle occurs which produces an increased tension per cross-bridge. PMID- 6794892 TI - Free fatty acid as a determinant of myocardial oxygen consumption: a caveat. PMID- 6794891 TI - Early effect of glucose and oxygen deprivation on the spontaneous acetylcholine release from the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig ileum. AB - The early effects of glucose and oxygen deprivation on the spontaneous acetylcholine output from the myenteric plexus - longitudinal muscle preparation of the guinea pig ileum were studied using an incubation chamber that permitted rapid sample collection in 2-min intervals. Glucose deprivation or hypoxia resulted in a gradual decline in rate of spontaneous acetylcholine collection in 2-min intervals. Glucose deprivation or hypoxia resulted in a gradual decline in rate of spontaneous acetylcholine output. However, glucose deprivation plus hypoxia caused an acceleration in acetylcholine output within 10-15 min, which attained a rate seven times greater than observed under normal conditions. Recovery of low resting rates was obtained by reintroduction of oxygen and glucose into the bath medium. Neither morphine (2.7 x 10(-5) M) nor tetrodotoxin (1.6 x 10(-6) M) prevented the increase in acetylcholine output induced by energy deprivation. The substitution of Ca2+ by Mg2+, in the presence of EGTA, greatly reduced the acetylcholine output induced by energy deprivation. However, a small transitory output of acetylcholine was observed under these conditions which was resistant to tetrodotoxin and ot affected by depolarizing amounts of K+. The transitory output was repeatable by reintroduction of glucose and oxygen to the Ca2+-free medium with subsequent return to conditions of hypoxia and glucose deprivation. These results suggest that energy deprivation initially stimulates normal acetylcholine secretion by (a) increasing Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane and (b) mobilizing an intracellular Ca2+ poll. This implies that processes involved in maintenance of normal low transmitter release are more sensitive to energy lack than the neurosecretion process itself. PMID- 6794893 TI - The mechanism of the bronchoconstriction induced by unilateral orthodromic stimulation of the carotid sinus nerves. AB - Unilateral stimulation of carotid sinus nerve afferents at 2 and 4 V produced pulse duration-dependent reflex bronchoconstriction which was unaffected by midcervical, bilateral vagotomy. The bronchoconstriction consisted of two pharmacologically distinct components. One component was blocked by atropine or atropine methiodide, and other was blocked by either mepyramine or disodium cromoglycate. Combinations of atropine or atropine methiodide with mepyramine or disodium cromoglycate completely eliminated bronchoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation. These data indicate that two separate bronchoconstrictor reflexes, possibly resembling serotonin- and diazoxide-induced reflex bronchoconstriction are activated by stimulation of afferent fibers in the carotid sinus nerves. PMID- 6794894 TI - Constriction and septation during cell division in caulobacters. AB - Morphogenesis of the division site in caulobacters had been described as constrictive in Caulobacter spp. and septate in Asticcacaulis excentricus. However, subsequent studies of other gram-negative genera had implied that constrictive division was an artefact resulting from inadequate preservation of septa; exploration of alternatives to osmium fixation, particularly with aldehydes, was recommended. In this study, the appearance of sectioned division sites was reinvestigated in caulobacter cells prepared by 20 different procedures varying with respect to fixation agents, media, schedules, and temperatures, to dehydrating agents, and to embedding resins. Three types of division site morphogenesis were observed: constriction in C. bacteroides and C. crescentus, partial septation in C. leidyi, and complete, undivided septation in A. excentricus and A. biprosthecum. The anatomy of the division site depended on the bacterial strain, not on the method of preparation of the cells for sectioning. These studies confirm the earlier observations on osmium-fixed caulobacter cells and lead to the general conclusion that gram-negative bacteria with tapered poles probably divide by constriction, whereas septation results in blunt cell poles. A pattern of spiral, rather than circular, insertion of new envelope subunits at the cell equator is proposed as a basic developmental difference between constrictive and septate fission in gram-negative bacteria. Since caulobacter prosthecae can develop as extensions of tapered poles formed by constriction, whereas subpolar or lateral prosthecae occur in species with blunt poles resulting from septation, the site of formation of a thick septum appears unsuitable as a site of subsequent envelope outgrowth. PMID- 6794895 TI - Differences in virulence for mice between disease and carrier strains of Neisseria meningitidis. AB - The virulence of 11 prototype strains of Neisseria meningitidis, which had been used in the development of the serotyping scheme for serogroup B meningococci, were examined in mice treated with iron dextran. These strains, together with those previously examined, allowed for a good assessment of the virulence differences between carrier and disease strains. All of a total of 17 disease strains displayed virulence for mice (60% with high virulence), whereas only approximately 50% of 13 carrier strains possessed virulence (only 15% with high virulence). Because the ability to initiate infection in mice is independent of exogenous iron, this model system for infection appears particularly suited to studies of the physiological bases for virulence in N. meningitidis. PMID- 6794896 TI - Effect of chemical and pharmacological agents on the secretory activity induced by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin. AB - The effect of aspirin (ASP), chlorpromazine (CPZ), diphenoxylate (DP), ethylene glycol tetraacetate (EGTA), hydrocortisone (HC), loperamide (LPA), methylprednisolone (MP), phenotolamine mesylate (PTM), propranolol (PR), and trifluoperazine (TPZ) on the secretory activity induced by Escherichia coli heat stable (ST) enterotoxin in infant mice was studied. LPA and DP, which are used therapeutically for diarrhea, did not inhibit the effect of ST enterotoxin; MP and HC, known inhibitors of cholera enterotoxin, and two adrenergic agents (PR and PTM) had no effect on ST-induced secretory activity. TPZ, EGTA, ASP, and CPZ caused a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the secretory activity induced by ST enterotoxin, CPZ, EGTA, and TPZ inhibited secretory activity induced by 8-bromoguanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphoric acid (8-BrcGMP), a cGMP analog. PMID- 6794897 TI - Factors affecting vesicle formation and acetylene reduction (nitrogenase activity) in Frankia sp. CpI1. AB - Vesicle formation and acetylene reduction (nitrogenase activity) were observed when washed hyphae from cultures of Frankia sp. CpI1 were transferred to a nitrogen-free medium containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and succinate. Succinate could be replaced by malate or fumarate, but not other carbon sources. Maximum acetylene reduction and vesicle numbers were observed at a pH of 6.0-6.5, at 25-30 degrees Centigrade, and at atmos pheric Po2 or somewhat less (5-20 kPa). Addition of 1 mM NH4Cl almost completely inhibited vesicle formation and acetylene-reducing activity, but did not immediately inhibit such reducing activity by cultures with preexisting vesicles. Acetylene-reducing activity was never observed in the absence of vesicle formation. PMID- 6794898 TI - Changes in the activity of antifungals in mixed cultures of bacteria and yeasts. AB - When Candida cells were grown in mixed cultures with Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, or Pseudomonas aeruginosa, their sensitivity to antifungal agents affecting sterol metabolism or functioning (polyenes and miconazole) was increased by several log units. This phenomenon was overcome by the addition to the culture medium of sugars utilized either by the bacteria or the yeast. Antifungals without direct effect on sterol metabolism (5-fluorocytosine, methylparaben, and 4-hydroxyquinazoline) were not more active in mixed than in pure cultures. PMID- 6794899 TI - Megavoltage irradiation for pure testicular seminoma: results and patterns of failure. AB - The survival, patterns, and mechanisms of failure in 171 patients with pure testicular seminoma treated with megavoltage irradiation from 1950 to 1976 were analyzed. The survival of the entire group was 93% at five and ten years post irradiation. Survival at five years was significantly less for Stages III and IV (45%) when compared with Stages I and II (95%, P less than 0.001). Extranodal relapses were more common in early stages, and abdominal recurrences occurred in more advanced stages. Salvage treatment, management of HCG-producing seminomas, and second testicular seminomas are analyzed. The need for aggressive and appropriate radiation technique is emphasized. PMID- 6794901 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with paraproteinemia: a T- and B-cell disorder. AB - A case is reported of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILD), in which a IgM Kappa monoclonal gammopathy developed. On the first admission the immunoblasts were shown to be T cells by surface-marker studies. Although the number of circulating T cells was normal, their functional capacities were markedly reduced. The patient was followed for two months at the end of which she died with hematologic features of immunoblastic plasma cell leukemia. PMID- 6794900 TI - Alterations of peripheral blood B-lymphocyte populations in plasma cell disorders. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, and monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance were analyzed for B cells, and cells bearing kappa light chains and lambda light chains on their surfaces. Compared with controls, the number of B cells were decreased in all three groups. Contrary to other reports, the authors found a B cell depression of similar magnitude in patients with untreated myeloma and in those with apparently benign monoclonal gammopathy. There was no difference between treated and untreated myeloma patients as a group, or as individuals studied before and after treatment. However, in comparison to control patients, alkylator therapy depressed the leukocyte count, lymphocyte count, and B-cell number both in the myeloma and in the macroglobulinemia groups. All five patients with previously untreated macroglobulinemia had an increased proportion of circulating lymphocytes with surface light chains of the same type as the M protein. Two patients with IgG myeloma-like disorders had increased circulating B cells with monoclonal surface light chains. This study supports the concepts that normal B cells are depressed in plasma cell disorders, and that abnormal B cells, which are apparently monoclonal, do circulate in some cases. Our results are compared with other published data. PMID- 6794902 TI - Immunoperoxidase staining of bone marrow sections. AB - Paraffin-embedded sections of bone marrow from 131 patients were studied. The specificity of the immunoperoxidase technique for detecting intracellular kappa and lambda light chains of immunoglobulin was first evaluated in 34 cases of typical multiple myeloma or macroglobulinemia. The monoclonal light chain detected in the bone marrow myeloma was identical to the result of immunoelectrophoresis of serum or urine. By use of the same method, 97 cases in which the diagnosis was difficult were examined; cases included those of bone marrow plasmacytosis, lymphocytosis, and morphologically unusual cells. All marrow cells with monoclonal immunoglobulin detected by immunoperoxidase stain eventually proved to be a B-cell neoplastic or potentially neoplastic process. This study confirms the specificity of the immunoperoxidase stain and demonstrates its value in solving clinical diagnostic problems, that is, the diagnosis of nonsecretory myeloma and unusual morphology, differentiating the monoclonal plasmaproliferative disorders from reactive plasmacytosis or lymphoma from lymphocytosis. PMID- 6794903 TI - Neoplastic growth of carcinogen-treated mammary transplants as influenced by fat intake of donor and host. AB - Female Wistar-Furth rats were fed either a high-fat (HF) or a low fat (LF) diet from weaning. The HF and LF diets contained 20% and 0.5% corn oil, respectively. Mammary gland explants from 50-day-old rats of both dietary groups were exposed to dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in organ culture before grafting to HF- or LF-hosts. A total of 4 groups were involved: LF leads to LF, HF leads to LF, LF leads to HF, and HF leads to HF, where the designations before and after the arrow describe the dietary treatment of the donor and host, respectively. Final tumor incidences were as follows: 28%, 20%, 72% and 76%, presented in the order of the above 4 groups. Tumors also appeared earlier in the HF-hosts. Results of this experiment indicate that regardless of the nutritional status of the donor, it was the fat intake of the host that governed the subsequent neoplastic growth of transformed cells, suggesting that the action of fat is primarily exerted at the promotional stage of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6794904 TI - Aminoguanidine reversal of the inhibitory effects of ornithine analogs on the in vitro clonogenic survival of the R3327AT prostate-derived tumor. AB - In in vitro studies with the Copenhagen rat prostate-derived tumor cell lines, the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) of these lines were as sensitive to inhibition by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (alpha-DFMO) as normal prostatic tissue. The in vitro growth of the tumor in calf serum was inhibited by ODC inhibitors alpha-methylornithine and alpha-difluoromethylornithine. This inhibition was partially reversed by the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine. Further, alpha-DFMO was not inhibitory to the growth of these cells in sera which lacked diamine oxidase activity, but was inhibitory when diamine oxidase was added. PMID- 6794905 TI - Polyamine concentration, activity of the ribosomal dissociation factor and proportion of ribosomes active in protein synthesis in the 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced rat hepatoma. AB - 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) induced liver tumour tissue showed a reduced proportion of ribosomes active in protein synthesis compared with control liver. Tumour cell extracts caused an increased association of ribosome subunits into inactive 80 S monomers, compared with the dissociation into active subunits caused by normal liver extracts. These findings may be explained, at least in part, by the increased proportion of spermidine to putrescine found in tumour tissue which would predispose towards association of the subunits. PMID- 6794906 TI - Classification of human leukemia by membrane antigen analysis with xenoantisera. AB - Rabbit and monkey antisera after appropriate absorption were rendered specific for normal or leukemic lymphoid- and myeloid-associated antigens. Antisera defining a common peripheral blood T-cell antigen, a thymus leukemia antigen, HLA DR or Ia-like antigen, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA), and a myeloid-monocyte (M) antigen were used in a microcytotoxicity assay to classify leukemic cells from 30 patients in a double blind study. The antisera to the M antigen reacted with adherent peripheral blood cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and failed to react with nonadherent mononuclear cells and enriched T cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. The M antisera also reacted with U937, a monocytic-type cell line, and with HL60, a promyelocytic-type cell line, but failed to react with T and B lymphoblastoid cell lines. The specificities of the other antisera have been described in previous reports. Cells from three of the patients could not be phenotyped by microcytotoxicity testing. Cells from 25 patients had a consensus morphological or histochemical diagnosis of either acute lymphoblastic leukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. The serological classification of these patients using the five types of antisera listed above were consistent with the consensus diagnosis. In addition, the lymphoid cancers were further subclassified as to T-, B-, or thymus antigen types. There was no consensus lymphoid versus myeloid diagnosis on cells from two patient. The serological classification in both cases favored a diagnosis of myeloid rather than lymphoid leukemia. PMID- 6794907 TI - Phase II study of hexamethylmelamine in refractory Hodgkin's disease, other lymphomas, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A long-term daily dose of hexamethylmelamine was tested in patients with Hodgkin's disease, nodular and diffuse lymphomas, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia who had failed conventional treatment. There were no responses among 20 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, 12 with nodular lymphomas, and 11 with diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas. However, five of 24 patients with Hodgkin's disease (21%) responded and seven of 36 (19%) with diffuse lymphomas other than diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas responded. This new agent is active in selected histologic types of lymphoma. PMID- 6794908 TI - Effect of thymidine on the toxicity and antitumor activity of ftorafur. AB - The effects of thymidine (TdR) on the toxicity and antitumor activity of ftorafur (FT), a 5-FU analog, were determined. The LD10 of FT was 130, 430, and 680 mg/kg, respectively, when FT was administered ip in the following treatment schedules: (a) daily for 9 days, (b) every 4th day for three treatments, and (c) 1 day only. When FT was administered simultaneously with 250 mg/kg of TdR, the LD10 was 13, 62, and 630 mg/kg in the respective treatment schedules. Lethargy was observed in mice when the daily dose of FT was greater than or equal to 150 mg/kg. FT alone was active (% treated/control [T/C] = 153) against ascites P388 murine leukemia only at high, single doses. Simultaneous administration of FT and 250 mg/kg of TdR at or below the LD10 dose of FT resulted in an increase in the antitumor activity to a % T/C of 217 (daily, Days 1-9) and 188 (daily, Days 1, 5, and 9). The activity of FT administered simultaneously with TdR on Day 1 only (%T/C = 142) was lower than that for FT alone. Using a treatment schedule of Days 1, 5, and 9, a TdR/FT mol ratio of greater than or equal to 2.0 seems necessary to achieve an increase in therapeutic value against P388 murine leukemia. This may explain the lack of increase in activity against P388 when 250 mg/kg of TdR was coadministered with FT on Day 1 only. FT alone or coadministered with 250 mg/kg of TdR was equally active against L1210 ascites tumor at doses up to the LD10 with daily treatments on Days 1, 5, and 9 and on Days 1-9; the doses of FT, however, were below those which cause lethargy. PMID- 6794910 TI - Effect of benzoctamine on arterial blood gases in healthy volunteers. PMID- 6794909 TI - Chemotherapy for metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: EST 2575, generation III, HAM versus CAMP. AB - Between September 1978 and March 1979 the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group compared the CAMP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, methotrexate, and procarbazine) and HAM (hexamethylmelamine, doxorubicin, and methotrexate) regimens in 154 patients with metastatic non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Most patients were ambulatory (77%) and had not received prior radiotherapy (59%). HAM produced two complete responses (CR) and eight partial responses (PR) (n = 77; 2.5% CR, 10.4% PR, 13% overall response) whereas CAMP resulted in five CR and 12 PR (n = 77; 6.5% CR, 15.6% PR, 22% overall response). This difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.14 with Fisher's exact 2-sided test) nor was the difference in overall median survival (HAM, 22.1 weeks and CAMP, 19.3 weeks). Responders had a significantly improved median survival (32.5 weeks) compared to nonresponders (17.9 weeks, P = 0.018). Ambulatory performance status and lack of prior radiotherapy were positive predictors for prolonged survival. PMID- 6794911 TI - Double-blind study of the analgesic activity of fosfosal in patients with musculoskeletal and articular pain: comparison with lysine acetylsalicylate and placebo. PMID- 6794912 TI - [Histological evidence of 'estrogenic properties' of 7--12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794913 TI - [DDAVP and its effect on factor VIII activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794914 TI - [Cetrexin and its effect on the psychic condition of postprostatectomy patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794915 TI - Disaccharidase-deficient animals have normal ultrastructure of intestinal brush border membranes. AB - The intestinal disaccharidases, lactase, sucrase-isomaltase complex, and glucoamylase are proteins intimately associated with the brush-border membrane of the epithelial cell. These three enzyme activities are found in the intestine of the adult rat; lactase and glucoamylase activities are primarily associated with the intestine of the infant rat. Only glucoamylase and isomaltase activities are detected in the intestine of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus. The activities of these enzymes are detected only in villus cells, and not in crypt cells. We have carried out electron microscopic studies of negatively stained brush-border preparations of intestinal crypt and villus cells; from the intestine of the 10-day-old rat and from that of the California sea lion. The density of the knob-like structures protruding from the brush-border membranes was not significantly different in any of these preparations. The diameter of the knobs on the preparations from crypt cells was smaller than the diameters of the knobs found on membranes prepared from the other sources. These data are discussed in terms of the relationship between the presence of knob structures and disaccharides activities associated with the brush-border membranes. PMID- 6794916 TI - Thiol compounds. III Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of mercaptoacylamino acids. PMID- 6794917 TI - An enzymic method for the determination of inorganic phosphate in serum. PMID- 6794918 TI - Enzymatic formation of 5-fluorouracil from 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)- 5 fluorouracil (tegafur) in human tumor tissues. PMID- 6794919 TI - Bacteriological and serological surveillance of dentists exposed to dental aerosols. PMID- 6794920 TI - Induction of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity of rats by oral administration of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) in drinking water. A preliminary report. PMID- 6794921 TI - Exercise-induced bronchospasm - pathophysiology and treatment. AB - The practical importance, prevalence, typical features, physiopathology and therapy of exercise-induced bronchospasm (E.I.B.) are briefly reviewed. The condition is common, especially in children. Prevalence is influenced by the mode, intensity and duration of exercise, the age and possibly the sex of the subjects, the number of test repetitions, and the criterion for presence of spasm. The main site of obstruction is in the large airways. Symptoms appear a few minutes post-effort, peaking 10-15 minutes after exercise. At different times, spasm may arise in the vagal reflex arc, from alterations of sympathetic balance, prostaglandin release, and sensitization of the mast cell. Until recently, the main basis of prophylaxis has been inhalation of sodium cromoglycate (20 mg, 60 minutes prior to competition). Beta agonists have until recently been prohibited in international competitions. However, the use of selective beta agonists such as salbutamol and terbutaline was allowed in the 1978 World Swimming Championship and the 1980 World Cross-Country Championship with a supporting medical letter. The Medical Commission of the International Olympic Committee has also moved recently to sanction the use of salbutamol and terbutaline. Future prophylaxis will thus be based on combinations of selective beta agonists and sodium cromoglycate. PMID- 6794922 TI - Prospective study with HEXA-CAF combination in ovarian carcinoma. AB - The value of combination chemotherapy with HEXA-CAF was analyzed in 31 patients with histologically documented epithelial ovarian cancer in advanced stages (minimal or gross disease). No patient had been previously treated with chemotherapy. Peritoneoscopy with diaphragmatic inspection, peritoneal cytology, lymphography, and chest X-ray were routinely used in staging and restaging the patients. Complete (CR) plus partial (PR) responses were obtained in 13/31 fully restaged patients (41.9%). CR was recorded in seven patients (22.5%) and PR in six patients (19.3%). Remission duration was significantly longer in patients who achieved CR (20 months) than in those who attained PR (9.5 months) (P Less Than 0.01). In all treated patients the median duration of survival was 16.5 months. Survival was significantly longer in patients with CR than in patients who did not achieve CR (P Less Than 0.05). Nevertheless, considering the rate of CR in patients with gross disease (20.6%), HEXA-CAF combination seems a useful but not yet a hopeful treatment for patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6794923 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of PMM in the rat. AB - Concentrations of pentamethylmelamine (PMM) and some metabolites were determined in plasma of rats treated with 10 and 50 mg PMM/kg IV. The areas under the plasma levels curve after these doses were 241 and 1,827 mu g/ml X min; plasma clearances were 0.042 and 0.027 l . kg(-1) . min(-1), respectively. These data suggest that PMM pharmacokinetics is dose-dependent in the rat. The N demethylated metabolite levels were not proportional to the administered dose. PMID- 6794924 TI - Clotting activation after blood transfusion in patients receiving 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C treatment. PMID- 6794925 TI - The activation of aflatoxin B1 in liver slices and in bacterial mutagenicity assays using livers from different species including man. PMID- 6794926 TI - Chemoprevention of mammary tumorigenesis by a combined regimen of selenium and vitamin A. AB - Mammary tumorigenesis induced in rats by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene was markedly suppressed by combined dietary supplementation with sodium selenite and retinyl acetate; final tumor yield was reduced to 8% of control as compared with 51% and 36%, respectively, for selenium and retinyl acetate alone. A continuous intake of both agents was necessary to sustain the chemopreventive effect. PMID- 6794927 TI - The effects of pre-incubation period and norharman on the mutagenic potency of 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene and 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in S. typhimurium. AB - The effects of the co-mutagen norharman on the mutagenicity of the rodent liver carcinogens 4-dimethyl-aminoazobenzene (DAB) and 3'-methyl-4-dimethyl aminoazobenzene (3'-MeDAB) have been evaluated using the Ames Salmonella mutation assay. A period of pre-incubation was found to be necessary in order to detect DAB as a mutagen and to increase the initially weak response observed for 3'MeDAB; maximum responses were seen after 1 h pre-incubation in each case. The co-mutagenic properties of norharman were at their maximum for both azo-dyes in the direct plate-incorporation assay. Pre-incubation of either compound with norharman for increasing periods of time resulted in a decrease in potentiation, until after 1 h, an inhibition of mutagenicity was observed. PMID- 6794928 TI - Protease inhibitor antipain suppresses 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate induction of plasminogen activator in transformable mouse embryo fibroblasts. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) activity was analyzed in normal and transformed 10T1/2 mouse fibroblasts treated with the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA) and the protease inhibitors antipain, leupeptin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). TPA induced PA activity in normal 10T1/2 cells was inhibited by antipain. Transformed 10T1/2 cells maintained high levels of PA activity which were not further stimulated by the addition of TPA. Similarly, antipain inhibited the PA activity of the transformed cultures. Leupeptin and SBTI had no effect. These findings, in light of the fact that antipain has been shown to suppress the promotional effect of TPA in X-ray induced malignant transformation, may suggest a definite role for proteases in the transformational event or maintenance of the transformed state. PMID- 6794929 TI - Sites of prostaglandin synthesis in the bovine heart and isolated bovine coronary microvessels. AB - Metabolically active coronary microvessels (generally less than 100 micrometers in diameter) were isolated from bovine hearts. These preparations were virtually free of contaminating myocytes and consisted of a mixture of arterioles, venules, capillaries, and collagen fibers. The prostaglandin biosynthetic capacity of isolated coronary microvessels was assessed by quantitating conversion of 14C arachidonic acid and 14C-prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH2) to prostaglandins. Coronary microvessels were found to exhibit low cyclooxygenase activity, i.e., minimal conversion (less than 1%) of arachidonic acid (AA) to prostaglandins when compared with either the coronary artery (3.6% conversion of AA) or coronary vein (3.3%). Isolated myofibril fractions demonstrated virtually no cyclooxygenase activity (less than 0.1%). Two enzymatic endoperoxide metabolizing activities were evident in the microvessels, prostacyclin synthetase and PGE isomerase. When compared on a microsomal protein basis, the coronary artery exhibited higher prostacyclin synthetase activity than the microvessels but was devoid of PGE isomerase activity. In contrast, whereas PGE isomerase activity was detectable in the coronary vein, the activity was lower than that of the microvessels; further, it could not be demonstrated in the other myocardial fractions. A glutathione enhanced PGD-forming activity was present in high speed supernatants derived from the coronary artery and vein preparations, but was not present in the coronary microvessel or isolated myofibril fractions. From these studies we conclude that (1) the major source of prostaglandins released into the coronary circulation is the coronary vasculature, and (2) the resistance elements of the coronary circulation differ from the larger elements (i.e., arteries and veins) in the enzymes of the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway present and thus in the nature and perhaps quantity of prostaglandins biosynthesized. PMID- 6794930 TI - The relationship of cardiac output and arterial pressure control. AB - Many basic concepts of cardiac output and arterial pressure control have changed considerably in the past few years. In general, each tissue controls its own local resistance and blood flow regardless of the level of arterial pressure; the sum of the local flows then determines the venous return and cardiac output. However, the arterial pressure is normally controlled by separate mechanisms that do not significantly alter the cardiac output. During acute circulatory stresses, such as exercise, the arterial pressure is controlled almost entirely by nervous reflex mechanisms; but over long periods, there reflex mechanisms fade away because they adapt. The arterial pressure is then controlled mainly by a renal volume-endocrine pressure control system, in which the blood volume and total peripheral resistance are manipulated slowly to adjust the pressure. PMID- 6794931 TI - The mechanisms of nitroglycerin action: stenosis vasodilatation as a major component of the drug response. AB - The effect of sublingual or intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) on luminal caliber in normal and diseased portions of epicardial coronary arteries was determined in 85 lesions from 57 typical patients with ischemic heart disease. Measurements were made from coronary angiograms, using a computer-assisted method and a carefully blinded protocol for analysis of the pre- and post- NTG angiograms. Luminal area in the "normal" portion of the diseased segment and at its maximum constriction and an estimate of flow resistance in the stenosis were computed. Luminal area increased 1.27 mm2 (p less than 0.001) in the "normal" regions, an average increase of 18% over the control area. Dilation with NTG depended strongly on vessel size; area increased 35% in normal vessels of 1.6-2.3 mm luminal diameter and only 9% in vessels 4.0-5.0 mm in diameter. Lesions were grouped into four levels of severity by percent stenosis. Minimum luminal area increased 0.35 mm2 (p less than 0.01) at the narrowest point in moderate lesions, a 22% area increase, and 0.14 mm2 (p less than 0.001) in severe lesions, a 36% area increase. Stenosis dilation resulted in an average 25% reduction (p less than 0.01) in estimated stenosis flow resistance in moderate lesions and a 38% reduction (p less than 0.001) in severe lesions. A statistically significant resistance reduction of greater than 20% occurred in 15 to 20 severe stenoses; only two of 20 showed no measurable dilation. We reviewed recent literature on hemodynamic responses to NTG and determined that changes of this magnitude are among the largest reported. We conclude that vasodilation of epicardial coronary stenosis is usually a major component of the beneficial response to NTG. We support that conclusion by demonstrating a striking improvement in ischemic left ventricular compliance abnormalities after low-dose intracoronary NTG. PMID- 6794932 TI - Relief of myocardial ischemia with nitroglycerin: what is the mechanism? PMID- 6794933 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside on large and small coronary vessels in conscious dogs. AB - The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) and nitroprusside (NPR) were examined in conscious dogs on measurements of left circumflex coronary blood flow and coronary diameter and on calculations of late diastolic coronary resistance (LDCR) and left circumflex coronary internal cross-sectional area (CSA). The effects of infusions of NTG, 8 microgram/kg/Min for 7 minutes, and NPR, 2.5 microgram/kg/min for 7 minutes, were compared. These doses of NTG and NPR induced similar effects on mean arterial and left ventricular (LV) systolic and end diastolic pressure, heart rate and LV dP/dt. However, NTG induced significantly greater (p less than 0.05) increases in CSA than NPR, while NPR induced significantly greater (p less than 0.05) reductions in LDCR than NTG. Just before cessation of infusion, CSA rose by 29.2 +/- 4.7% with NTG and by 22.7 +/- 3.9% with NPR, while LDCR fell by 8.8 +/- 3.3% with NTG and by 21.6 +/- 2.7% with NPR. Moreover, the effects of NTG on CSA were significantly more sustained than those for NPR. Thus, NTG and NPR in conscious dogs, in doses that exert similar general hemodynamic effects, elicit qualitatively similar but quantitatively different effects on small vs large coronary vessels. Whereas NTG induced significantly less dilation of small coronary vessels, it exerted significantly larger and longer lasting effects on large coronary arteries. PMID- 6794934 TI - Association of asynchronous protodiastolic segmental wall motion with impaired left ventricular relaxation. AB - To determine if asynchronous segmental relaxation is associated with altered left ventricular (LV) diastolic function, we examined systolic and diastolic wall motion and function indexes in 16 patients without and 16 with asynchronous relaxation (groups 1 and 2, respectively). The segment with asynchronous relaxation was observed most frequently in the free anterior LV wall and was not consistently related geographically to coronary stenosis, nor to systolic asynergy in the same region, but was frequently accompanied by simultaneous segmental inward motion elsewhere in the ventricle. LV chamber volume stiffness during diastolic filling and at end-diastole was statistically similar in each group. Conversely, both T (58.3 +/- 2.3 msec vs 41.0 +/- 3.6 msec) and the isovolumic relaxation period (140.9 +/- 7.5 msec vs 116 +/- 6 msec) were significantly more prolonged, peak negative dP/dt was lower (1314 +/- 57 mm Hg/sec vs 1604 +/- 114 mm Hg/sec), and the y-axis intercept of the diastolic pressure-volume curve was higher in group 2 patients (7.96 +/- 0.98 mm Hg vs 4.88 +/- 0.93 mm Hg) (p less than 0.05 for each), indicating impaired relaxation and altered diastolic tone. With improved systolic function and relaxation properties after nitroglycerin, both the asynchronous outward relaxation and the inferior segment of simultaneous inward motion were ameliorated. Conversely, with increased ventricular preload and afterload induced by isometric exercise, both the asynchronous segmental outward motion anteriorly and the inward motion inferiorly with exaggerated. Asynchronous segmental relaxation may represent a compensatory mechanism in areas of normal contraction that offsets abnormal inward motion elsewhere, tending to maintain isovolumic status of the ventricle. PMID- 6794935 TI - Acute and long-term effects of vasodilator therapy on resting and exercise hemodynamics and exercise tolerance. AB - The acute hemodynamic response to vasodilators in patients with chronic heart failure has been well characterized, but less is known about the long-term hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy. We measured hemodynamic variables at rest and during upright exercise in 11 patients during the initiation of therapy with oral hydralazine and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate and, in eight of these, after 3 months of continuous treatment. Marked initial increases in resting cardiac output and stroke volume and reductions in wedge pressure were sustained during chronic therapy. Similarly, the early improvement in exercise hemodynamic measurements persisted in most subjects. Exercise tolerance, quantified as the maximum duration of treadmill exercise, increased modestly (7.7 +/- 2.6 to 8.9 +/ 3.3 minutes, 0.05 less than p less than 0.10) after several days on vasodilators and further (10.2 +/- 3.7 minutes, p less than 0.01) during long-term treatment. The acute hemodynamic effects of vasodilator therapy at rest or during exercise did not correlate well with the changes in exercise tolerance. Our findings suggest that the combination of hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate improves cardiac performance at rest and during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure and that this improvement persists during chronic therapy. In most patients, this hemodynamic improvement is accompanied by greater exercise tolerance. PMID- 6794936 TI - Coronary arterial spasm in single coronary artery. AB - A 48-year-old man developed severe chest pain and became unconscious. Coronary cineangiography revealed single coronary artery of the type L2b by Sharbaugh and White. Ergonovine, 0.2 mg i.v., produced coronary arterial spasm in the right coronary artery. This case suggests that coronary arterial spasm might be a cause of sudden death in patients with single coronary artery. However, an association of single coronary artery and coronary arterial spasm might be coincidental. PMID- 6794937 TI - Colophony-induced asthma in a poultry vender. PMID- 6794938 TI - A double-blind trial comparing disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), and ketotifen in extrinsic asthmatic children. AB - A double-blind non crossover trial comparing disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), with ketotifen, was carried out in twenty-seven extrinsic asthmatic children over 12 weeks. Assessment was made using symptom score and drug score charts. Both drugs showed a similar protective effect in the group studied. None of the subjects had to withdraw from the trial and no side-effects were noted in weight-curve, arterial pressure and pulse rate. PEFR values remained unchanged for both drugs throughout the trial. A non-significant tendency for additional corticosteroid support in the Ketotifen group was noted. PMID- 6794939 TI - Basic characteristics and evaluation of a partially automated Behring laser nephelometer for the measurement of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3c in serum. AB - We have evaluated a partially automated Behring laser nephelometer for the measurement of IgG, IgA, IgM and C3c in serum. The system consisted of a manual Behring laser nephelometer, an automatic cuvette carrier and a Hewlett-Packard 9815 A calculator/printer. The system could process 240 preincubated samples per h when the interval between each voltage reading was set at 15 s. Day-to-day precision was near 6%. We obtained the worst precision for the determination of IgG which requires the smallest volume of diluted sample (10 microliters). The Frigen treatment used to clarify turbid sera seems to decrease IgG and increase C3c concentrations. The addition of polyethylene glycol 6000 at a concentrations of 40 micro/L in the reaction mixture did not improve the assay ranges. Comparison studies with radial immunodiffusion for the four proteins and with the IgM - BMC Immunological Turbidity Test using either least-squares or Deming's regressions gave very good correlation figures, except for C3c and for some IgM paraproteins. We could decrease the cost per test by re-using the plastic cuvettes. The utilization of the calculator-printer greatly simplified data handling but the automatic carrier was not considered a real asset without complete automation. PMID- 6794940 TI - Comparison of gas-liquid chromatography and EMIT assay for serum valproic acid. AB - We describe a simple direct extraction method for the gas-liquid chromatography determination of serum valproic acid. The working range for the assay is 2-180 mg/L and our within-run precision was 5.8 and 4.3% at the 40 and 90 mg/L concentrations respectively. Hemolyzed and lipemic sera as well as samples from patients with hyperbilirubinemia and from patients with decreased renal function were put through the assay and no interfering peaks were noted. Interference occurred when teflon-lined screw caps were used during the extraction step. The method was proven to be accurate by linear regression analysis of samples containing weighed-in amounts of valproic acid. The above assay was compared to an enzyme immunoassay technique (EMIT). The working range for the latter is 10 150 mg/L and the with-run precision was 10.8 and 5.9% and 90 mg/L concentration respectively. Samples were run by both the gas-liquid chromatograph and enzyme immunoassay methods and gave very similar results over the range 16-139 mg/L. PMID- 6794941 TI - Falsely-elevated serum creatinine values in diabetic ketoacidosis -- clinical implications. AB - Unusual elevations of serum creatinine (S-CR) out proportion to increases in serum urea nitrogen (S-UN) are frequently observed in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis when S-CR is measured by the Jaffe end-point reaction. This has been ascribed to interference from acetoacetate but this is not however observed with kinetic DuPont ACA methodology. Eighteen patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were studied: SCR measurements were done using the end point Technicon SMA 6/60 method (Group a, 10 patients) or the kinetic DuPont ACA method (Group B, 8 patients). The values for S-CR in Group A patients (mean value and S-D were 3.3 +/- 1.1 mg/dl) were significantly different from Group B patients (1.6 +/- 0.24 mg/dl) (P less than 0.01). A significant positive correlation was obtained between the "excess anion gap" and S-CR in Group A patients (r = + 0.81, p less than 0.01). The results from two patients in whom serial measurements of S-UN, S-CR and the anion gap were carried out further demonstrate the analytical interference. The study demonstrates that in diabetic ketoacidosis elevated creatinine values measured by an end-point method should not necessarily be interpreted as evidence of significant renal impairment and if possible should be verified by a kinetic method which is free of "ketone" interference. PMID- 6794943 TI - Continuous-flow enzymatic determination of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AB - A simple, sensitive, and precise continuous-flow (Technicon Auto Analyser II) method using enzymic reagents to measure high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the supernatant of serum treated with heparin-manganese reagent is described. 1. The sensitivity of the system was improved by increasing the flow rates of both sample and re-sample manifold lines to 0.23 ml/min. This allowed a recorder full-scale deflection equivalent to 840 mg cholesterol per litre, and permitted a precise determination of cholesterol in the 200-600 mg/l range. 2. Interaction between Mn++ and the enyzmic reagents caused false elevations of the peak plateau on the chart readings, especially when 2M MnCl2 was used. Addition of disodium ethylene-diaminetetra acetate (8 mmol/L) to the enzyme reagent eliminated the spike-like interference in the recorder tracings, and permitted more accurate chart readings. 3. The heparin-Mn++ reagents contributed to the measured HDL-cholesterol. Use of a saline blank improved precision. 4. The inter assay variation was determined by analysing (n = 26) 2 quality control serum pools: X1 = 362 +/- 11.5 mg/l (CV = 3.18%) and X2 = 252 +/- 14.4 mg/l (CV = 5.74%). PMID- 6794942 TI - The effect of metal chelators and other metabolic inhibitors on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidus var. Pennsylvanicus. AB - Bifidobacterium bifidus var. Pennsylvanicus, a microaerophilic anaerobe, was grown in the presence of several potential growth inhibitors with the aim of defining its growth requirements and metabolic peculiarities. The following had no effect on its growth: citrate, serum transferrin, serum albumin, colchicine, fluoro-acetate, malonate, and rotenone. The following substances inhibited the growth: fluoride, azide, arsenite, 2, 4-dinitrophenol, hemin, hemoglobin, lactoferrin, alpha, alpha'-bipyridyl, and 8-hydroxyquinoline. Ferrous iron was able to negate the inhibition achieved by alpha, alpha'-bipyridyl, and 8 hydroxyquinoline. It is concluded that iron, probably in its ferrous state, is an obligatory nutrient for the microorganism, and that iron-porphyrin system(s) may be essential for the metabolism of this organism. Because the microorganisms contained in addition to iron large quantities of Mn, Zn, and Cu, it is likely that these metalloelements are crucial for the normal growth of the organism. Growth inhibition by fluoride indicates that Mg-dependent enzymes may also be present in the microorganism. PMID- 6794944 TI - Comparison of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in Gaucher's disease and leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. AB - Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was isolated from serum and spleen of patients affected by Gaucher's disease. Electrophoretic and antigenic properties were compared to the enzyme isolated from hairy cells described in a previous study (9). The enzyme isolated from Gaucher serum has electrophoretic and antigenic properties identical to the acid phosphatase band 5b of hairy cells. The major tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the Gaucher spleen is band 5a. Bands 5a and 5b have identical protein structure indicated by their identical antigenicity. The removal of carbohydrate from band 5a by sialidase converted band 5a to 5b. PMID- 6794945 TI - Low-density-lipoprotein apoprotein B in plasma as measured by radial immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Radial immunodiffusion (RID) and rocket immunoelectrophoresis (RIE) are compared with respect to determination of LDL-bound apo B in plasma. Isolated VLDL could not enter a 15 g/L agarose gel when either technique was used. However, in the presence of plasma proteins, migration of VLDL into agarose was enhanced. Only when plasma samples were kept frozen before the assay was plasma VLDL unable to enter the agarose gel when RID was used. With RIE the contribution of plasma VLDL to the apo B determination under these conditions was not always negligible. Besides enhancing the entry of VLDL into the agarose, the presence of proteins also influences apo B immunoreactivity of LDL and VLDL. For measuring LDL-bound apo B directly in unfractionated plasma we recommend: (a) RID in 15 g/L agarose gel; (b) freezing the plasma samples before assay; (c) diluting the plasma samples in saline supplemented with protein in the same concentration as is present in plasma (70 g/L); and (d) using plasma as the assay standard. PMID- 6794946 TI - Equations and nomogram for the relationship of human blood p50 to 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, CO2, and H+. AB - We describe a new method for tonometry of small amounts of blood (up to 0.25 mL) at known pO2, PCO2, and temperature, in small, reusable, closed Pyrex flasks. Equilibrated blood is analyzed for oxygen saturation, pH, and organic phosphate concentration with standard techniques, and its p50 (the pO2 at which hemoglobin is half-saturated with oxygen) is determined with full control of all the variables known to affect it. The SD in the measurement of p50 is 0.044 kPa (0.33 mmHg). We made 63 determinations of p50 on normal human blood under different conditions of pH and pCO2, and with different concentrations of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate and ATP. Empirical equations and a nomogram were derived, which allow the calculation of p50 from known values of pCO2, pH, and [2,3 DPG]/[Hb4] molar ratio with a SD of 97 and 114 Pa (0.73 and 0.86 mmHg), respectively. PMID- 6794947 TI - Detection and identification of monoclonal components: immunoelectrophoresis on agarose gel and immunofixation on cellulose acetate compared. AB - Immunofixation on cellulose acetate has been compared with immunoelectrophoresis on agarose gel. We studied 90 sera containing monoclonal components and 10 containing polyclonal immunoglobulins according to agarose gel screening electrophoresis. Results by the two methods agreed about 80% of the time for monoclonal components in concentrations exceeding 1-2 g/L. Immunofixation appeared more sensitive, but it is more susceptible to technical artifacts. Immunofixation may be adopted as a first-step method for easier cases, but it should be supported by immunoelectrophoresis for difficult cases, such as when there is an uncertain presence of monoclonal components at screening electrophoresis or presence of more and (or) small bands of monoclonal components. PMID- 6794948 TI - A model for validation of radioimmunoassay kit reagents: measurement of follitropin and lutropin in blood and urine. AB - We measured lutropin and follitropin in blood and urine with radioimmunoassay kits from Diagnostic Products Corporation and compared the results with those obtained by use of reagents from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The urine standard (second IRP-HMG) from WHO, the blood standard (LER-907) from NIH, and the commercial standards all effected similar displacement of trace material when the commercial gonadotropin kit reagents were used. Highly significant correlations were achieved for these hormones in blood or urine on comparing commercial and NIH/WHO reagents. Serial dilutions of urine samples produced similar relative potencies with the commercial reagents. Conversion factors are presented to relate results for LER 907, second IRP, or commercial standards. Commercially available reagents can provide a practical and reliable means of gonadotropin radioimmunoassay in blood or urine. PMID- 6794949 TI - Sample viscosity can be a source of analytical error when discrete sampler dilutors are used. AB - Total protein concentration in the serum of a patient with hyperviscosity syndrome differed as measured by the biuret procedure in the DuPont aca (80 g/L) and the SMA 12/60 (105 g/L), owing to viscosity-dependent errors with the aca sampling system; the magnitude depended on sample temperature and volume of sample aspirated. This kind of error was not observed with the SMA 12/60 and was far less severe when a Micromedic sampler-dilutor was tested. It could be eliminated in the case of the aca by adding sample to test packs with a syringe rather than with the aca automated sampler-dilutor. We thus recommend use of the syringe method when unusually viscous samples (serum or other body fluids) are analyzed in the aca. PMID- 6794950 TI - Parenteral nutrition may interfere in thyrotropin screenings for congenital hypothyroidism. PMID- 6794951 TI - Organizational aspects of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PMID- 6794952 TI - Further studies on the subunit structure and oligosaccharide moiety of human enterokinase. AB - Highly purified human enterokinase was found by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to contain three heavily glycosylated subunits of apparent molecular masses 54 000, 102 000 and 140 000. The smallest subunit contained the active site serine residue and the oligosaccharide chains appear to be N glycosidically linked as inferred from their stability to mild alkaline hydrolysis. Lectin affinity chromatography was used to separate sub-populations of the enzyme, the major one of which appeared to contain terminal alpha -linked N-acetyl galactosamine. Despite the presence of this sugar, no anti-A response was elicited in rabbits immunized with this sub-population. However, this sub population did bind rabbit antibody directed against human blood group A substance, suggesting the presence of an "A-like" determinant. Studies with immobilized rabbit anti-human blood group A IgG suggest that there is no correlation between the blood group of an individual and the antigenic determinants on the enterokinase produced by the enterocytes of that individual. The study of the molecular properties of this important enzyme may give insights into pathological conditions with which it is linked. PMID- 6794953 TI - The protection of creatine kinase MM sub-bands by EDTA during storage. AB - We examined the effect of a 5 mmol/l concentration of EDTA on the stabilization of the five serum creatine kinase MM isoenzymes, resolved by thin-layer isoelectric focusing. In patient sera, total CK and CK-MB activities were stable during storage of the samples for two months at 4 degrees C even in the absence of EDTA. However, EDTA stabilized the labile MM and MM1 sub-bands, which are the first to appear in the blood after the release from the damaged tissue and its addition to blood samples intended for determining the MM sub-band pattern is recommended. The stabilizing effect of EDTA was emphasized at higher temperatures. EDTA protected the CK-MM pattern in myocardium extracts made in normal serum and incubated at 37 degrees C during 40 h, but was unnecessary when myocardium was homogenized in heat-inactivated serum. It is thought that EDTA could act by inhibiting a heat-labile component of human serum. PMID- 6794954 TI - An improved fluorometric leukocyte beta-glucosidase assay for Gaucher's disease. AB - Three fluorometric leukocyte beta -glucosidase assays were compared for their ability to diagnose Gaucher's disease and identify carriers of the disorder: the acid beta-glucosidase assay of Beutler and Kuhl [2], a pH 5.5-sodium taurocholate dependent assay and a new procedure which employs conduritol B epoxide, an active site specific inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase. All three assays unambiguously identified patients with Gaucher's disease. With regard to identifying carriers the bile salt dependent assay of Peters et al. and the conduritol B epoxide dependent procedure gave the greatest discrimination between the mean beta glucosidase values for the control and heterozygote samples when evaluated using Student's t test. The most reliable assay for the identification of the carrier state was the conduritol B epoxide-dependent procedure which can be expected to provide the fewest false negative results when classifying heterozygotes (5%). However, the fact that none of these methods will completely separate control and heterozygote samples indicates that their use in screening programs will result in a significant number of incorrect assignments. PMID- 6794955 TI - Activity of creatine kinase in sera from healthy women, carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cord blood, determined by the "European" recommended method with NAC-EDTA activation. AB - Creatine kinase activity has been measured at 37 degrees C in sera from healthy women, carriers of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and cord blood, with activation by N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and EDTA as recommended by several European committees on standardisation. The upper limit of the reference range for healty women was found to be 170 U/l. The distributions of creatine kinase activities in healthy and carrier women have been used to calculate probability of carrier status as a function of creatine kinase activity. Although the range of creatine kinase activities in normal cord blood is wide, the data provide a basis for interpretation when Duchenne muscular dystrophy is suspected. PMID- 6794956 TI - Oxidative haemolysis in protein malnutrition. AB - A study of the haemolytic anaemia observed in protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) in Kivu disclosed the following results. The in vitro resistance to oxidative aggressions of PEM patients' erythrocytes was decreased: when incubated with acetylphenylhydrazine, a higher percentage of the cells showed Heinz bodies, as compared with erythrocytes of local controls. Normal or increased activities were found for certain erythrocyte enzymes involved in the detoxification of activated oxygen: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and glutathione reductase. The level of reduced glutathione was not decreased. Reduced activities were observed for two enzymes containing trace elements: glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. It is suggested that the shortened erythrocyte lifespan observed in PEM patients corresponds to an oxidative process which results from the decrease of both enzyme activities. The hypothesis that depletion of trace elements could be responsible for the decreased activity of those enzymes is discussed. PMID- 6794957 TI - Sensitive solid phase enzyme immunoassay for human IgA, secretory IgA, and secretory component. AB - Highly sensitive solid-phase immunoassay systems for human immunoglobulin A (IgA), secretory component (SC), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) were developed by use of antisera against the alpha-chain of IgA and SC, and beta-D galactosidase from Escherichia coli as label. IgA and SC wee assayed with the respective solid-phase (silicone rubber)-immobilized F(ab')2 antibody fragments and the corresponding antibody Fab'-beta-D-galactosidase complex. More than 1 and 0.4 fmol (or 0.16 and 0.03 ng) of IgA, and SC, respectively, were determined, but the assay system for IgA and that for SC cross-reacted with SIgA about 90% and 2%, respectively. SIgA was specifically determined in an assay using silicone rubber with immobilized (anti-alpha-chain)F(ab')2 fragments and (anti-SC) Fab' beta-D-galactosidase complex with a minimum detectable sensitivity of 2.5 fmol or 1 ng. IgA and SC values could be corrected by subtracting the amounts of cross reacting SIgA in the same samples. Small amounts of SIgA, SC, and IgA in saliva, sweat, urine, and feces could be determined by the present method. PMID- 6794958 TI - Inter-laboratory comparison of acid-base variable in human blood and in quality control materials. AB - Routine results, pH, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and of oxygen (pO2), and standard hydrogen carbonate ion concentration (SBC) in identical specimens of arterial blood from patients deviate substantially. The results from seven laboratories (each laboratory examining the same 12 patients and the same five types of quality control materials) and evaluation in terms of accuracy and precision suggest the variations between days (delta 2) and single measurements (sigma 2) to be the main factors for these deviations. A reduction of these variations must have the highest priority in quality control programmes, since the variations mask possible true level deviations between laboratories. The five control materials (Qualicheck, Quantra whole blood level I-II-III and hemolyzed donor blood) are not fully optimal as substitutes for patient blood in such quality control programmes. PMID- 6794959 TI - A possible variant of thyroxine-binding globulin in Australian Aborigines. AB - We have recently described a major variation from the normal levels of serum thyroxine-binding globulin in many Australian Aborigines [1]. Subsequently we presented evidence that affected individuals were widely distributed throughout Australia, that "low values of thyroxine-binding globulin were not caused by environmental or health factors, but were inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion [2]. Refetoff [3] has shown that the cause of genetically determined low thyroxine-binding globulin levels in Caucasians is alteration in synthesis rate without any structural variation of the protein. Since however the "low" thyroxine-binding globulin of Aborigines is vastly more prevalent and genetically distinct from the X-linked type, we investigated the possibility that this may be a structural variant. Evidence suggestive of this includes results from heat inactivation, competitive binding of thyroxine to thyroxine-binding globulin to measure affinity, and use of a radioimmunoassay different from that used in the original work. The "Low thyroxine-binding globulin of Aborigines may be a protein with a structural variation at or near the binding site for thyroxine, resulting in low affinity for thyroxine and hence "low" results with assay methods which depend upon the thyroxine binding site. Since the Australoid peoples, to whom Australian Aborigines are racially related, are distributed widely throughout the southern hemisphere it is important to establish whether this variant is found outside Australia in order to avoid the likelihood of misdiagnosis of thyroid disease in such subjects. PMID- 6794960 TI - Measurement of serum glycosaminoglycans by laser nephelometry. AB - A simple, sensitive micromethod for the assay of serum hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphates is presented. The method is based on the binding of the quaternary ammonium salt, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to serum polyanions, and quantitation of the complexes by laser nephelometry. Measurement of the CPC complexes in serum before and after digestion with specific enzymes enables quantitation of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphates in less than 100 microliters serum. Using this technique, hyaluronic acid is detectable in a small number of normal human sera at concentrations up to 4 mg/l, and chondroitin sulphates are consistently present at concentrations ranging from 2 to 25 mg/l. PMID- 6794961 TI - Hormone binding globulin levels in patients with hereditary angiooedema during treatment with Danazol. AB - Five patients with hereditary angiooedema were treated with Danazol for periods up to 10 months. This therapy resulted in normalization of serum levels of the inhibitor of the first complement component and disappearance of clinical disease symptoms in all patients. Although a variety of hormones were measured, only those of the pituitary-gonadal axis altered during treatment: a moderate decrease in leuteinizing hormone levels and a sharp fall of testosterone in adult men were observed. In all patients, however, both sex hormone binding globulin and thyroxine binding globulin concentrations were considerably suppressed during Danazol therapy. However, levels of corticosterone binding globulin and thyroxine binding globulin concentrations were considerably suppressed during Danazol therapy. However, levels of corticosterone binding globulin remained unchanged. The fraction of endogenous testosterone not bound to sex hormone binding globulin invariably increased. The possible relevance of these findings to the understanding of the mode of action of Danazol both in these patients and in general, are discussed. PMID- 6794962 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of TBG RIA kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794963 TI - Sanfilippo syndrome type C: assay for acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N acetyltransferase in leukocytes for detection of homozygous and heterozygous individuals. AB - As assay for the detection in leukocytes of homozygous and heterozygous carriers of Sanfilippo syndrome type C is described. In one family with two patients suffering from Sanfilippo C syndrome, the affected individuals had no residual activity to acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase. The determination of the acetyl-CoA: alpha-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase/ beta glucuronidase ratio allows the discrimination between obligate heterozygotes and normal individuals and may be used for carrier detection. PMID- 6794964 TI - Characterization of precipitation reaction between grain dust and normal human serum and comparison of reactive and nonreactive grain handlers. PMID- 6794965 TI - Autoantibody to intermediate filaments in viral hepatitis. PMID- 6794966 TI - Clinical significance of plasma factor VIII levels in renal disease. AB - The plasma levels of factor VIII related antigen (FVIIIRA), factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIIIC) and the ratio between them were evaluated in 57 patients with kidney disease of diverse etiology, and with either normal (49) or impaired (8) renal function. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from 47 patients with normal renal function. No correlation was observed between the increased plasma values of FVIIIRA and FVIIIC and renal function, histologic findings, and the pattern of deposition of immunoglobulin and complement. In contrast, plasma levels of both components of factor VIII were positively correlated with the magnitude of proteinuria. In the authors' opinion, the determination of factor VIII components is of no value in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with kidney disease. The finding on immunofluorescence of simultaneous deposition of factor VIII and C3 in the arteriolar walls might suggest incipient atherosclerotic damage. The FVIIIRA/FVIIIC ratio was increased in 87% of the patients and particularly in those with membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis and chronic renal failure; however, the clinical relevance of this finding remains to be elucidated. The significant correlation between the two components suggests that in renal disease a simultaneous aggregation of the two proteins in factor VIII takes place. PMID- 6794967 TI - [The management of the intracranial hemorrhage in hemophilia and the related diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794968 TI - Bone and joint changes following burn injury. PMID- 6794969 TI - The artifactual nature of heparin-induced drug protein-binding alterations. AB - Our purpose was to determine whether the reported alteration of protein drug binding after heparin administration in man was artifactual as a result of continued in vitro activity of triglyceride lipases. The lipoprotein lipase inhibitors protamine (14 mg/ml) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (10 mg/ml) were added to blood samples from 11 healthy subjects before and 15 min after 100 USP units of intravenous heparin. Heparin elevated total nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration (P less than 0.001) and free fractions of lidocaine, diazepam, and propranolol (P less than 0.001 for all). The presence of the lipase inhibitors diminished the heparin-induced elevation of NEFA (P less than 0.001) and free fractions of lidocaine (P less than 0.001) and diazepam (P less than 0.001), but these values were still greater than control. The inhibitors reduced propranolol binding in control samples and did not diminish the effects of heparin. The change in NEFA concentrations correlated with the free fraction changes of all three ligands (r = 0.739 to 0.849). These data suggest that the heparin-induced protein binding changes are to, a large extent, in vitro artifacts. PMID- 6794970 TI - Low oral bioavailability of dihydroergotamine and first-pass extraction in patients with orthostatic hypotension. AB - The relative importance of the effect of absorption and first-pass extraction in bioavailability and clinical effectiveness of oraldihydroergotamine (DHE) was examined in six subjects with orthostatic hypotension. Maximum increases in systolic blood pressure of standing subjects occurred within 15 min of intravenous administration (10 micrograms/kg); after 30 min pressure declined linearly with respect to time over the ensuing 3 hr. Plasma DHE concentrations declined biexponentially with respect to time. Mean plasma half-life was 2.15 hr and plasma clearance averaged 862 ml/min. There was no rise in "standing" systolic blood pressure on oral administration (200 to 600 micrograms/kg). Peak plasma concentrations ranged from less than 0.1 to 2 ng/ml. Apparent oral absorption for DHE ranged from 19.5% to 53.3% while systemic bioavailability varied from less than 0.1% to 1.5%. when glyceryl trinitrate was taken orally with DHE, the bioavailability of the latter increased between 56% and 370% over the 0.1% to 1.5% without any apparent alteration in DHE absorption. Standing systolic blood pressure increased 27% (P less than 0.05) 2 hr after the same doses of DHE with glyceryl trinitrate. These findings suggest that the extent of first-pass extraction by the liver is the prime determinant of DHE bioavailability after oral administration and that factors that alter gastrointestinal and portal vein flow to the liver affect its bioavailability. PMID- 6794971 TI - Kinetics of an orally absorbed aldose reductase inhibitor, sorbinil. AB - Kinetics of sorbinil, an orally absorbed reductase inhibitor, were examined in man. Peak plasma concentrations were 0.95 micrograms/ml after a single 50-mg oral dose and 3.6 micrograms/ml after a 250-mg dose. The apparent volume of distribution was 840 ml/kg. Elimination from plasma was slow with a terminal half life between 6 and 24 hr after dose of 34 to 52 hr and a renal clearance of 6.0 ml/min/1.73 m2. Administration of 50 mg/day for 5 days induced a mean peak serum concentration of 1.9 micrograms/ml. A dose of 250 mg/day for 10 days induced a peak serum concentration of 10.6 micrograms/ml. A mean of one-third of the dose was ultimately recovered unchanged in urine. Sorbinil kinetics make it suitable for once-a-day dosing. PMID- 6794972 TI - Respiratory arterial pH and PCO2 oscillations in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease. AB - 1. Arterial pH oscillations have been monitored in vivo in patients with well defined chronic obstructive bronchitis, asthma and clinical emphysema. 2. The patients with clinical emphysema were shown to differ from those with chronic obstructive bronchitis on the basis of a number of clinical and physiological criteria. 3. Patients with asthma showed least attenuation of their pH oscillations as a group, in contrast to emphysematous patients who showed most attenuation. In patients with clinical emphysema the attenuation was relatively homogeneous. The patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis showed the full range from normal oscillations (zero attenuation) to zero (complete attenuation). 4. The amplitude and approximate rate of change of upslope of the PaCO2 oscillations in vivo were calculated, from measured pH oscillation amplitudes, using buffer slope values in vitro from Siggaard Anderson [(1962, 1963) Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 14, 598-604; 15, 211-217], then dividing the PaCO2 amplitude by half the respiratory period. 5. Mean arterial PCO2 in vitro showed a very strong correlation with the downslope of the pH oscillation in vivo (calculated as for PaCO2 upslope) in patients without clinical emphysema. This correlation would be expected to some extent, owing to the logarithmic relationship of PaCO2 oscillations to pH oscillations. However, the mean arterial PCO2 also showed a very strong correlation with the upslope of the calculated PaCO2 oscillations, again excluding patients with clinical emphysema. PMID- 6794973 TI - Sulphamidase activity in leucocytes, cultured skin fibroblasts and amniotic cells: diagnosis of the Sanfilippo A syndrome with the use of radiolabelled disaccharide substrate. AB - 1. Sulphamidase activity was assayed by incubation of the radiolabelled disaccharide O-(alpha-2-sulphamino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)- (1 leads to 3)-L-[6 3H]idonic acid with homogenates of leucocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts and concentrates of urine derived from normal individuals, patients affected with sulphamidase deficiency disorder [mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA): the Sanfilippo A syndrome], parents of such patients and patients affected with other mucopolysaccharidoses and lysosomal enzyme deficiencies. 2. The assay clearly distinguished affected homozygotes from normal controls, heterozygotes and other mucopolysaccharidoses types. 3. Sulphamidase displayed remarkable thermal stability; reaction rates were constant for at least 24 h at 60 degrees C for leucocyte and 20 h at 37 degrees C for cultured fibroblast preparations. Apparent Km values for fibroblast sulphamidase were 71 mumol/l at 37 degrees C and 100 mumol/l at 50 degrees C; the corresponding Vmax, values were 21 and 72 pmol min-1 mg-1 of protein respectively. An incubation temperature of 60 degrees C was used for the routine assay of sulphamidase activity in leucocytes, urine and amniotic supernatant preparations. The specific activities of fibroblast and amniotic cell sulphamidase, assessed at incubation temperatures of 37 degrees C, were more than 10-fold the leucocyte enzyme activity at 60 degrees C. 4. We recommend the use of radiolabelled disaccharide substrate for the assay of sulphamidase in leucocytes, skin fibroblasts and urine, for the routine enzymic detection of the sulphamidase deficiency disorder of the Sanfilippo A syndrome. PMID- 6794974 TI - Diagnosis of tuberculosis. PMID- 6794975 TI - Drug-resistance in M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria. PMID- 6794977 TI - Chemotherapy of tuberculosis for the 1980's. PMID- 6794976 TI - Bacteriologic basis of short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. PMID- 6794979 TI - Pulmonary function assessment for determination of pulmonary impairment and disability evaluation. PMID- 6794978 TI - Clinical assessment of pulmonary function in the neonate. PMID- 6794980 TI - Further studies on pituitary and ovarian function in women receiving hormonal contraception. AB - Pituitary and ovarian function was evaluated in women receiving 3 combined oral contraceptive preparations. Basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and gonadotropic responses to gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied in 36 healthy, regularly ovulating women in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of their menstrual cycle (non-treatment, control). These same women were then divided into 3 groups with 12 volunteers in each. Each group received an oral contraceptive preparation cyclically for 3 months. The preparations were: Nordette (30 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 150 microgram d-norgestrel), Nordiol (50 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 250 microgram d-norgestrel) and Biphasil (50 microgram ethinyl estradiol and 50 microgram d-norgestrel X 11 days and 125 microgram d-norgestrel X 10 days). In the third month of treatment, the tests were repeated on day 21, i.e. after 21 active pills, and on day 28, i.e. after 21 active and 7 inactive tablets. On active therapy, basal FSH and LH were similarly suppressed in the 3 groups. LH had varied responses to a bolus of GnRH, whilst the FSH responses were similar in the 3 groups. After 7 days of inactive tablets, basal FSH and LH had returned to pre-treatment, early follicular phase levels. However, the LH responses to a bolus of GnRH varied in the 3 groups, but again, no differences were noted in the FSH responses. Basal FSH, LH and E2 recovered earlier in the Nordette group during the 7 days of inactive tablets. PMID- 6794981 TI - Alpha-difluoromethylornithine as a postcoitally effective antifertility agent in female rats. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) at a dose of 200 mg/kg, twice a day, during days 4-7 of pregnancy caused inhibition of embryogenesis in rats. These animals did not deliver any pups at term. However, there was no effect of DFMO on pregnant rats following treatment during day 1-3 of pregnancy. It was observed that DFMO completely abolished ornithine decarboxylase levels in the pregnant uterus. The action of DFMO appears to be due to the inhibition of putrescine and polyamines during a critical period of early embryo development. We suggest that this drug may act as a postcoitally effective antifertility agent in females. PMID- 6794982 TI - Ventilatory response to CO2 in patients after long-term ventilation for acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - Ventilatory response to CO2 was examined in 6 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) shortly after discontinuance of long-term ventilation for acute respiratory failure (ARF). Ventilatory response to CO2 was extremely low in all patients 6-10 h after discontinuance from ventilator. Our month later, however, CO2 response curves shifted to the left and in 3 patients there was improvement which was seen in the slope of response curve. In patients who had mechanical ventilation for ARF from COLD, abnormally low responses to CO2 probably contribute to the difficulty in weaning from mechanical ventilation. The presence of reduced CO2 responsiveness should be considered in these circumstances. PMID- 6794983 TI - The developmental biology of heterocyst and akinete formation in cyanobacteria. AB - We will be concerned with the two major differentiated cell types of filamentous cyanobacteria--the heterocyst and the akinete. The former is generally accepted to be the site of aerobic nitrogen fixation in heterocystous cyanobacteria. The latter is a spore-like cell capable of withstanding certain environmental extremes and of germination. A short general introduction to cyanobacteria and their cell types will be included. The remainder of the review will fall into four main sections. The first will deal with the metabolism of the heterocyst and akinete, with particular reference to nitrogen fixation in the former. The next will be concerned with a description of the metabolic and ultrastructural changes associated with heterocyst and a kinete development. A third section will describe the special arrangement of the heterocyst and akinete (one of the features which makes this group of prokaryotes unique), the relationship between the cell types, and methods of altering this normal regular spatial pattern. The final section will describe in detail present theories of pattern control in cyanobacteria and the mechanisms by which the process of differentiation itself is regulated. PMID- 6794984 TI - Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in fruits and vegetables. AB - Polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases are among the most studied enzymes in fruits and vegetables. Owing to the deleterious effects of discoloration and off-flavor formation induced by their actions, these enzymes have not ceased to be a matter of concern to food technologists, while their versatility as catalyst and their diversity as protein present a challenge to the biochemist. This article gives an account on the present state of knowledge in this field. The occurrence of polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases in food and food raw materials, and their role and importance in food processing are briefly outlined. Results of biochemical research including catalytic properties, substrate specificity, susceptibility towards pH and temperature, action of inhibitors, isolation, purification, and characteristics of the enzymes are given, with special emphasis on recent achievements based on high resolution separation and isoenzyme techniques. Finally, the behavior of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in selected major groups of fruits and vegetables is discussed. Some contradictions found in the literature are pointed out and some questions that have not been given the necessary attention by researchers so far are mentioned. PMID- 6794987 TI - Fluid-electrolyte and acid-base disorders in children. PMID- 6794986 TI - Spectroscopic studies on pepsin-solubilized vitreous and cartilage collagens. AB - Circular dichroism and the fluorescent probe, 2-p-toluidinyl-naphthalene-6 sulfonate, were used to compare the molecular properties of pepsin-solubilized vitreous collagen with cartilage and calfskin collagens. Type II vitreous and cartilage collagens have more hydrophobic regions along their molecular domain than does type I calfskin collagen. The rate of fibril growth is faster in type II collagens than in type I. The increased hydrophobicity of type II collagens is attributed to high carbohydrate content and compositional variations. Although the secondary structures of the three collagens do not differ significantly, differences in carbohydrate content, composition, and hydrophobic character may cause some variations in the tertiary structures. It is suggested that the tertiary structure plays an important role in the nature and rate of fibril growth. Differences between cartilage and vitreous collagen in fluorescence behavior, fibril growth, and melting temperature indicate that vitreous collagen may be a "special type II collagen." PMID- 6794985 TI - The influence of calcium on the aspartate-isolated mass receptor potential of bullfrog cones. AB - The aspartate-isolated receptor potential was studied in the excised, perfused bullfrog retina. Cones were monitored without interference from rods by employing conditioning and test stimuli in a manner previously described (23,24). Lowering extracellular calcium by switching from a perfusate containing 0.4mM CaCl2 to one having no added calcium resulted in an increase in cone response amplitude. Conversely, elevating extracellular calcium by perfusing with a Ringer containing 0.8mM CaCl2 resulted in a decrease in cone response amplitude. These changes were sustained and fully reversible. In contrast, perfusing the retina with a Ringer solution containing EGTA resulted in a transient increase in cone response amplitude. Decreasing external calcium by simple depletion also shortened the delay prior to onset of rapid dark adaptation of the cones, thereby hastening the entire process of recovery. Increasing external calcium had little effect on rapid dark adaptation. Decreasing external calcium with EGTA led to extremely rapid response recovery, but the effect was not reversible. In no case did EGTA lead to a complete suppression of the response. The results of this study are interpreted as being inconsistent with the view that calcium is the internal transmitter responsible for the generation of the receptor potential in cones. They are consistent with the view that calcium functions to modulate recovery of the cones' ability to generate a response following a stimulus, perhaps by affecting the activity of a cyclic nucleotide. PMID- 6794988 TI - Effects of enteral vs. parenteral feeding of malnourished rats on body composition. PMID- 6794989 TI - H-Y antigen as a tool for the determination of the heterogametic sex in Amphibia. AB - H-Y antigen was investigated in three amphibian species with different degrees of sex-chromosome differentiation: Bufo bufo, Triturus vulgaris, and Pyxicephalus adspersus. No heteromorphic sex chromosomes were found in B. bufo, but an examination of the progeny of hermaphrodites (Ponse, 1942) indicated that the female of this species was heterogametic (ZW). Sex chromosomes differing only by a very small heterochromatic region at their telomeres were found in the male of T. vulgaris (XY). Pyxicephalus adspersus revealed high differentiated ZW sex chromosomes. The results of the H-Y antigen studies on these three species indicate that H-Y antigen is expressed only in the heterogametic sex, irrespective of differences in morphological differentiation of the sex chromosomes. Therefore, H-Y antigen could be a valuable tool in determining the heterogametic sex, not only in Amphibia but possibly also in other vertebrate species that have either evolved no heteromorphic sex chromosomes or where sex reversal experiments are not possible. PMID- 6794990 TI - The ancestral karyotype of platyrrhine monkeys. PMID- 6794991 TI - The value of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of mycobacterial disease. A five-year experience. AB - During five years, 6,879 patients underwent bronchoscopic study at the Mayo Clinic. Mycobacterial cultures were obtained from 4,120 (60 percent). Mycobacterial organisms (typical or atypical) other than Mycobacterium gordonae were isolated in 70/4,120 (1.7 percent) patients. During the same period, 209 patients had culture-proved M tuberculosis from various sources. Bronchoscopy was performed on 34/209 (16 percent) patients. Washings or secretions from bronchoscopy grew M tuberculosis in 32/34 (94 percent) cases. Bronchoscopy and bronchoscopic cultures were important in the diagnosis of M tuberculosis in 16/34 (47 percent) patients. Atypical mycobacteria were cultured from various sources in 428 patients during the period of study. In 254 of these, M gordonae was isolated, but it was considered to be nonpathogenic in all. Of the remaining 174 patients with culture-proved atypical mycobacteriosis, 40 (23 percent) underwent bronchoscopic studies. Of these 40 patients, 24 had active disease and 11 had saprophytic colonization; in five, the disease activity was indeterminate. Bronchoscopic cultures of secretions or washings or both were positive for atypical organisms in 38/40 (95 percent) patients. PMID- 6794992 TI - Fosfomycin penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis. AB - A comparative study was made of the penetration of fosfomycin, penicillin G, ampicillin and chloramphenicol into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis treated with combinations of fosfomycin and one of the other three antibiotics. Minimal inhibitory concentrations and in vitro interaction of these antibiotics against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis strains were determined. 90-96.5% of these strains were sensitive to penicillin G, 95 96.5% to ampicillin, 85-100% to chloramphenicol and 90-100% to fosfomycin. Fosfomycin shows a more marked synergism with penicillin G or ampicillin than with chloramphenicol against both bacterial species. The percentages of penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid were: chloramphenicol, 32%; fosfomycin, 25.7%; ampicillin, 15.9%, and penicillin G, 7.9%. The clinical results show that the combination of fosfomycin + penicillin G or fosfomycin + ampicillin can be an alternative in the treatment of meningitis produced by moderately susceptible strains of S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis to penicillin G and ampicillin. PMID- 6794993 TI - [Transplantation register for pancreas and island of Langerhans]. AB - A new registry for human pancreas and islet transplantation has been established (D. E. R. Sutherland). Between 17 December 1966 and 31 December 1980, 108 pancreas transplantations were performed. Six patients had grafts that functioned for more than 12 months. In most of the 68 islet allotransplants performed, little or no evidence of islet function has been obtained. Three diabetic patients were dependent on insulin for 2.5 to 8 months after the operation. One of these, however, still has a functioning graft. Autotransplants of dispersed pancreatic islet tissue have been performed on 59 patients after total or partial pancreatectomy for benign disease. The 28 patients who had 90% pancreatectomies did not require insulin. Information from the registry should be helpful to the various transplant teams attempting clinical application of these procedures. PMID- 6794994 TI - [Intestinal gas explosion during operation: possible role of mannitol: a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794995 TI - Analysis of spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster bearing deletions for Y chromosome fertility genes. AB - The effects of spermatogenesis of a series of continguous non-overlapping Y chromosome deficiencies were examined using both the light and electron microscope. The deficiencies were constructed by combining elements of different X-Y translocations; they subdivide the Y into seven segments, six of which are required for male fertility (four in the long arm and two in the short arm). Spermatogenesis was examined from the primary spermatocyte through to the formation of mature sperm and the earliest departures from normal development identified. Two deficiencies result in the absence of the same structure from the axoneme of the sperm tail--the dynein-containing outer arm extending from the A subtubule of the peripheral doublet; they also result in the absence from primary spermatocyte nuclei of aggregates of tubuli in one case and reticular material in the other. A third deficiency causes the appearance in the primary spermatocyte of the crystals characteristic of X0 males and the irregular distribution during meiosis of nuclear and cytoplasmic elements to the spermatids. The fourth deficiency results in the misalignment of the developing axoneme with the mitochondrial derivatives and is first detectable in the onion nebenkern stage of the spermatid. Finally for two deficiencies the first abnormalities detected were during later stages and comprise a syndrome found in most of the steriles. We attribute this phenotype to the indirect effects of earlier lesions. PMID- 6794996 TI - An electron microscopic analysis of transcription of nucleolar chromatin isolated from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Transcriptionally active nucleoli and solubilized nucleolar chromatin were visualized by electron microscopy. The palindromic structure of the chromatin was demonstrated by spreading the chromatin on glow-discharged grids. In the presence of single-strand binding EcoHDP protein the preribosomal RNA transcripts are seen attached to the RNA-polymerase molecules in the electron micrographs. Each palindrome contains two preribosomal RNA genes. THe strict termination properties of the transcription are indicated by the absence of transcriptional complexes in the distal parts of the molecules. - Investigation of the process of transcription in nucleolar chromatin being depleted of a termination protein by ammonium sulfate-treatment showed in agreement with biochemical studies that only some of the RNA polymerases terminate properly while other transcribe into the distal spacer region. The elongation rate is estimated to be slightly lower than in the gene region. The results are discussed in relation to biochemical studies of the transcriptional properties of the chromatin. PMID- 6794997 TI - The genes coding for tRNA Tyr of Drosophila melanogaster: localization of determination of the gene numbers. AB - Transfer RNA(Tyr) (anticodon G psi A) was isolated from Drosophila melanogaster by means of Sepharose 4B, RPC-5, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rRNA was iodinated in vitro with Na125 I and hybridized in situ to salivary gland chromosomes from Drosophila. The genes of rRNA(Tyr) were localized in eight regions of the genome by autoradiography. Restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA indicated that the haploid Drosophila genome codes for about 23 tRNA(Tyr) genes. The regions 22F and 85A each contain four to five tRNA(Tyr) genes, whereas the regions 28C, 41AB, 42A, 42E, and 56D each contain two to three tRNA(Tyr) genes. PMID- 6795000 TI - [Visual loss following removal of a tumor located in the posterior orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794999 TI - [Dissolution of residual hepatic duct stones with composite bile salt solution: A preliminary experimental study and report of 16 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6794998 TI - Structure and distribution of inverted repeats (Palindromes). I. Analysis of DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The size and distribution of renatured inverted repeats (palindromes) in D. melanogaster DNA were studied by electron microscopy (EM). The results of these studies differ from the previously published observations regarding the number, distribution and the size of inverted repeats (ir) present in DNA. -1. In contrast to the previous published observation almost all (96%) of the ir were found in crowded clusters. The DNA strands with clustered palindromes contained 2 21 palindromes (4-42 ir), with an average of 7.25 palindromes (14.5 ir) per strand. No correlation could be found between the length of the DNA strands and the number of ir per strand. -2, Also contrary to some previously published results, most (80%) of the ir formed on renaturation unlooped palindromes and these were always clustered. Looped palindromes (hairpins, formed by renaturation of ir separated by a non-homologous sequence long enough to be seen in EM as single-stranded loop) were found 1-2 per DNA strand, as part of clusters or as solitary palindromes in a DNA strand. The average spacing length (inside clusters) between centers of all palindromes was 2.349 kb, and between centers of looped palindromes 7.6 kb. - 3. The length of the ir was found to be smaller than documented in most of the previously published results. The majority, 80-90%, of the ir found in the unlooped and looped palindromes, respectively, belonged to one main-size class with a range of 30-210 bp and an average length of 100 bp, but longer ir were also observed. The average length of the ir in unlooped palindromes was 124 bp, in looped 244 bp, and the total average was 148 bp - 4. It was calculated that there are about 30,000 palindromes (60,000 ir) in the D, melanogaster genome, of which about 24,000 are unlooped and 6,000 looped, with the spacing between centers of all palindromes averaging about 4.4 kb in length. PMID- 6795003 TI - [A statistical analysis of 584 hospitalized cases of eye injuries from state farms (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795002 TI - [Treatment of dendritic ulcer by surgical debridement (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795004 TI - [Influence of experimental ocular hypertension and reduction of the systemic blood pressure on circulation of posterior eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795001 TI - [Observations on dissociation anesthesia with ketamine in 157 children for ophthalmic operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795005 TI - [A preliminary report on treatment of glaucoma with an alkaloid from erycibe obtusifolia Benth (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795006 TI - [Modern treatment of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795007 TI - [Retinal detachment--a clinical analysis of 406 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795008 TI - [Retinal detachment in children--a clinical analysis of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795009 TI - [Rate of pathological changes and prophylaxis of retinal detachment in the fellow eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795010 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of superior obloque palsies (report of 100 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795011 TI - [Strabismus, analysis of 1,263 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795012 TI - [The relationship between the width of the chamber angle and the age and refraction in normal children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795013 TI - Neuroradiological examinations in chiasmal syndromes. AB - The chiasmal syndrome has distinct ophthalmological findings. However, the pathological processes in the chiasmal region often give rise to differential diagnostic problems. Computer tomography is the neuroradiological method of choice. Besides computer tomography some other neuroradiological examination techniques as skull X-rays, carotid arteriography and in some instances cisternography have retained their position in the diagnosis of space-occupying processes in the region of the chiasm, which will be illustrated. PMID- 6795015 TI - [The significance of sex-linked differences for the assessment of somatosensory evoked potentials (author's transl)]. AB - In 45 healthy volunteers (22 males and 23 females with the same age structure) the peak latencies and inter-peak differences of the cervical and early cortical components of the somatosensory evoked potential were measured. The distribution of the values of the variables and their relationship with arm length were investigated both for the sample as a whole and for each sex separately. Significantly higher average values of the latencies and arm lengths were found in men. The correlations between arm length and latency had consistently higher values for the female sample. On the basis of these results it is concluded that a sufficient assessment of the latencies is only possible with the help of sex specific normal values. PMID- 6795014 TI - [Characterization of genetic EEG-variations with the amplitude-interval-analysis. III. Assignment of new obtained EEGs to well-known types of bioelectric activities on the basis of data of amplitude-interval-analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative description of some EEG-variants by amplitude-interval (time-domain) analysis revealed significant differences of parameter means but failed to give one single, sufficiently reliable criterion for classification. Therefore, we tried to solve the problem of classification through quantitative criteria by discriminant analysis. For each EEG, 128 different measurements were taken, but only 104 were included in the analysis; the rest failed to contribute any measurable information. For 243 of th 298 probands, the data were sufficient for inclusion in the study. Only 15 (6.2%) were classified falsely; this number was reduced to 3 (1.7%) when the calculation was performed leaving out the (64) controls. A control analysis by a Monte-Carlo-Method in which the classification criterium was calculated using 80% of all cases only, and the remaining 20% were then attributed tentatively to the variant groups, gave much less convincing results. It follows that more and better criteria for separation of these variants have to be developed before classification of EEGs exclusively on the basis of measurements will become possible. PMID- 6795016 TI - [Olfactory stimulation and contingent negative variation (CNV) (author's transl)]. AB - In addition to olfactory evoked responses (Fig. 1a) the vertex-negative voltage shift was registered in 20 normal adults. Fig. 2 shows this potential for an olfactory indicative stimulus followed by a tone burst or flash sequence, which are stopped by the test person's manual reaction. In Fig. 3 two alternating odorous stimuli are presented, one of which is followed by the tone. The selective expectancy wave is followed by the tone. The selective expectancy wave is only built up by the marked olfactory stimulus. For the first time CNV can be used as a clinical investigation tool to confirm central perception of odorous stimuli and furthermore to objectivate impaired central odour discrimination (parosmia). PMID- 6795017 TI - [Primary reading epilepsy; a case report (author's transl)]. AB - It is reported on a 21 years old patient with primary reading epilepsy. While reading various texts he suffered from involuntary jaw-jerks, which once a G.M. seizure caused. While reading on the EEG were synchronously 4--5/s bursts registered, once as vehement that the registration had to be stopped. As in two other publicated cases, the spinal fluid protein as well as a slightly pleocytosis, was elevated, which was thought to be inflammatory caused as the case in encephalomyelitis disseminata. PMID- 6795018 TI - [Spindles and spike waves in the sleep EEG of epileptic patients under administration of phenobarbital (PB) and phenytoin (DPH) (author's transl)]. AB - As part of a study on the influence of some antiepileptic drugs on the sleep of epileptic patients, we investigated the changes of sleep spindles and spike wave discharges. 8 Patients with generalized epilepsy whose polygraphic sleep records before drug treatment were known, received PB and DPH in consecutive monotherapy. Sleep was investigated with steady state therapeutic levels of both drugs. Spindle activity, as compared with the base-line night, was increased with PB and decreased with DPH (p less than 0.05). Three of the 8 patients had slow spindles (6--9/s), together with diminished sigma spindles (12--14/s). Obvious influences of the drugs on these slow spindles were not observed. A relationship between spindle activity and spike wave discharge was indicated by the fact that those 5 patients in whom spike wave activity was significantly diminished or abolished by PB treatment, had a more than 50% increase of spindles, whereas the 3 other had not. With DPH, however, there was no systematic relation between spindles and spike waves. It is therefore considered that the relationship between both phenomena is not very close or causal, and that the effect of DPH on spike wave discharge might be partly different from the effect of PB. PMID- 6795019 TI - [Diagnostic value of periodic lateralized complexes in the EEG (author's transl)]. AB - Periodic lateralized discharges (PLDs) were studied in 68 patients. Seventy nine percent had seizures, mostly of the partial motor type, and 62 percent showed signs of acute seizure activity. In the majority of cases, localizing signs were present at neurological examination or in structural tests. Among the etiological causes, vascular accidents, chronic seizure disorders, space occupying lesions, CNS infections and several other disorders could be identified. None of the EEG characteristics were linked to any clinical variables except the mode of appearance of PLDs. Episodically occuring PLDs correlated to chronic seizure disorders. For pathophysiological explanations, a relationship to the clonic phase of a convulsive seizure was stressed. PMID- 6795020 TI - [EEG in phenytoin intoxication (author's transl)]. AB - Four patients had Phenytoin intoxications, whereby 3 of them suffered from acute and one from subacute symptoms (in all of them reversible cerebellar symptoms and acute organic brain syndrome and in one of them an axonal polyneuropathy which lasted a bit longer). The clinic-neurologic symptoms, the Phenytoin blood levels and the current EEG changes were compared. Three patients had blood levels in a high toxic range, the fourth one had levels within the therapeutic range. The EEG changes of acute phase of intoxications showed in each case nonspecific mostly diffused slowing of the traces with theta- and delta-activity over the convexity (Tab. 1a, 2c, d). Although the EEG changes were reversible, they lasted longer than the clinical intoxication phase. These EEG changes were already manifest several days before the clinical symptoms. We feel therefore that the EEG examination is indicated especially in doubtful cases because it is easier to execute than the blood level estimation, - even though the changes are nonspecific. One case (Nr. 1), which was more closely explores, did not develop any epileptic fits, instead the fits were retrospectively seen as stemming from a psychogenic origin, which was treated with Phenytoin. The EEG of this patient showed generalised irregular SW-paroxyms (Tab. 1b) as the medication blood level was receding (120 muMol/l). This would be a manifestation of an independent Phenytoin effect in the high toxic dosage respectively in withdrawal. PMID- 6795021 TI - [Ulnar nerve-hypothenar muscle H-reflex in a child with SLE (author's transl)]. AB - In the hypothenars of a 14 years old boy with SLE an abnormal H-reflex could be elicited by ulnar nerve stimulation. Beyond infancy this phenomenon has only been described in patients with lesions of the higher cervical spinal cord and/or the lower brain stem and in children with Sydenham's chorea. There might be reason to assume, that in alike auto-immune disorders the search for an H-reflex in the hypothenar might be useful in detection of cerebral involvement. PMID- 6795022 TI - [The value of the EEG in patients with transient global amnesia (author's transl)]. AB - The EEG findings from 30 patients with transient global amnesia (TGA) of vascular origin are described. A pathological result was seen in 18 cases, from which 17 had predominantly focal changes. 12 EEG's were normal. With increasing time interval between the TGA and the EEG investigation a normal record was slightly commoner. 20 patients had CT results, of which 8 cases were pathological. In 12 cases the EEG and CT results were correspondingly pathological or normal. The EEG shows functional disturbances even after the neurological deficits have resolved, which are related to transient metabolic or diminished blood-flow disturbances, but do not result in structural lesions to bae seen in the CT. PMID- 6795023 TI - [Investigation to clarify the origin of scalp recorded high frequency potentials (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795024 TI - Regulation of progesterone-metabolizing enzyme by adrenergic agents, prolactin, and prostaglandins in cultured rat ovarian granulosa cells. PMID- 6795025 TI - Sex-related difference in the release of dopamine into hypophysial portal blood. AB - The concentration of dopamine (DA) in pituitary stalk plasma of cycling female rats during diestrus was approximately 7 times that in stalk plasma of intact male rats, and the rate of DA synthesis in the median eminence of diestrous female rats was 5 times that in the median eminence of intact male rats. DA concentrations in pituitary stalk plasma of castrated adult male rats, orchiectomized as adults or as 1-day-old neonates, did not differ significantly from those of intact adult male rats. However, treatment of male rats with 17 beta-estradiol benzoate for 3 days resulted in a significant (P less than 0.005) increase in the concentration of DA in pituitary stalk plasma. DA concentrations in stalk plasma of adult female rats, ovariectomized as adults or treated with testosterone propionate (50 micrograms) on day 1 of life, did not differ appreciably from those of diestrous female rats. However, DA concentrations in stalk plasma of adult female rats that had been ovariectomized on day 14 of life were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than those of diestrous female rats. In view of these results, it is concluded 1) that there is a sex-related difference in the release of DA from tuberoinfundibular neurons into hypophysial portal blood, and 2) that this difference is not due to a suppressive action of androgen on the secretion of DA in the male rat, but is a consequence of a stimulatory action of estrogen on the release of DA in the female rat. PMID- 6795026 TI - Suppression of serum gonadotropin levels by testosterone and porcine follicular fluid in castrate male rats. PMID- 6795027 TI - A modulator which converts activated estrogen receptor to a biologically inactive aggregated form. AB - The in vitro nuclear binding of rat uterine estrogen-receptor complexes has been studied. Heating cytosol from mature rat uterus at 25 C for various times in the presence of 0.15 M KCl resulted in a transient increase in nuclear binding activity, followed by irreversible loss of this activity. The molecular state of these complexes heated at 25 C in the presence of 0.15 M KCl was determined using Sephadex G-200 chromatography and sucrose density centrifugation at high ionic strength (0.4 M KCl). Gel filtration resulted in steroid-binding activity in the void volume. Sucrose density gradient analysis revealed a broad peak, ranging from approximately 5-20S. When cytosol was heated at 25 C in the presence of 10 mM molybdate to block the temperature-induced activation of receptor, nuclear binding ability was easily recovered by dialysis, while heating already activated estrogen receptor in the presence of 0.15 M KCl and 10 mM molybdate caused irreversible loss of nuclear binding ability. When cytosols prepared from immature rats (19-23 days old) were heated at 25 C in the presence of 0.15 M KCl, only a minimum loss of nuclear binding ability was shown. The radioactive peak in a high salt sucrose density gradient appeared almost exclusively in the 5S region. However, the addition of receptor-free mature uterine cytosol to estrogen receptor complexes from immature rat uterus caused a marked loss of nuclear binding utility, with a resultant receptor aggregation, whereas rat liver cytosol had no effect on this reaction. Furthermore, heating liver glucocorticoid receptor did not cause a loss of nuclear binding ability even in the presence of receptor-free adult rat uterine cytosol. These observations suggest that there is a factor(s) in rat uterus which recognizes only activated estrogen receptor and induces receptor aggregation and a rapid loss of the nuclear binding ability of receptor in a KCl concentration- and temperature-dependent manner. Preliminary characterization indicates that this factor is macromolecular in nature and resistant to RNase and trypsin treatment, but labile at 100 C. PMID- 6795028 TI - Negative feedback control of gonadotropin secretion by chronically administered estradiol and porcine follicular fluid (gonadostatin) in ovariectomized rats. PMID- 6795029 TI - The effects of high levels of progesterone secretion during lactation on the control of gonadotropin secretion in the rat. PMID- 6795030 TI - Prolactin modifies follicle-stimulating hormone-induced prostaglandin synthesis by the rat granulosa cell. PMID- 6795031 TI - Dissociated regulation of cellular progesterone secretion and cytosolic ornithine decarboxylase activity in isolated ovarian cells in vitro. AB - We have utilized isolated, highly differentiated porcine granulosa cells maintained under chemically defined conditions in vitro to examine directly the relationship between ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and progesterone secretion in ovarian cells. The administration of saturating concentrations of LH, prostaglandin E2, L-epinephrine, or 8-bromo-cAMP each elicited highly significant increases in progesterone production, which correlated closely with corresponding stimulated levels of ODC activity. Highly purified preparations of FSH elicited no enzymatic or steroidogenic response. ODC activity and progesterone production also correlated closely after administration of various inhibitors of protein or RNA synthesis [cycloheximide (10 microgram/ml), actinomycin D (1 microgram/ml), or alpha-amanitin (1 microgram/ml)]. However, in time-course experiments, progesterone secretion increased significantly before the rise of ODC activity. Furthermore, a direct irreversible catalytic inhibitor of ODC activity, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, and three indirect inhibitors of ODC that putatively induce intracellular antizyme, produced profound suppression of enzymatic activity, without altering maximal progesterone production in response to LH. Thus, the current studies close parallelism between hormonal regulation of ODC activity and progesterone production in ovarian cells in vitro. However, our ability to demonstrate apparent dissociation between these two processes suggests that hormonal stimulation of steroidogenesis may not be obligatorily coupled to the rapidly turning-over cytosolic protein ODC. PMID- 6795032 TI - Delineation of the hypothalamic area controlling thyrotropin secretion in the rat. AB - Discrete midline hypothalamic lesions were made in male rats in the region of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), ventromedial nuclei, and medial preoptic area (mPO) using modified Halasz C-shaped knives. In euthyroid rats, small lesions, including the PVN and little surrounding tissue, or large lesions, including portions of the dorsomedial nucleus, anterior hypothalamus, and preoptic area in addition to the PVN, caused a similar 60% drop in the plasma TSH concentration within 2 days which persisted for at least 3 weeks. PVN lesions also produced a significant decrease in plasma TSH in hypothyroid rats and diminished both the increase in plasma TSH in response to thyroidectomy and the decrease induced by ether inhalation. Ventromedial nuclei lesions preserving the PVN inconsistently decreased plasma TSH. mPO lesions anterior to the PVN induced a transient elevation of plasma TSH and GH only in hypothyroid rats. TRH-stimulated TSH secretion was not affected by any of the lesions. The results suggest: 1) the PVN and their immediate vicinity are of primary importance for maintaining a normal TSH response to the stimuli investigated, and 2) the mPO area tonically inhibits TSH secretion, presumably through its role in somatostatin secretion. PMID- 6795033 TI - Insulin-induced alterations in the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination of membrane proteins of the toad bladder epithelium. AB - Insulin-stimulated sodium transport in the toad urinary bladder consists of two components, a brief element of rapid onset that is independent of protein synthesis, and a sustained increase, slower in onset, that is dependent upon RNA and protein synthesis. The mucosal epithelium of the toad bladder was labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination (125I) following 15 min and 3 h exposure to insulin. The membrane of "mitochondria-rich" and "granular" mucosal cells from these tissues were analyzed by electrophoresis in SDS-urea. Compared to untreated tissues, membranes of "granular" mucosal cells from tissues exposed to insulin for 15 min contained a band (Mr = 15,000) with significantly increased labeling. Bladders exposed to insulin for 3 h showed no consistent increase in labeling. These data suggest that there are differences in the conformation of apical membrane proteins during the two phases of hormone-induced sodium transport. The technique may also offer an opportunity to identify "effector" proteins mediating this and other insulin responses. PMID- 6795034 TI - Folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle. PMID- 6795035 TI - Detoxication of zinc and cadmium by the freshwater protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. The effect of water hardness. PMID- 6795036 TI - Gastric proteinases--structure, function, evolution and mechanism of action. PMID- 6795037 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6795038 TI - Effects of sleep deprivation on the activity of selected metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of 120-h sleep deprivation on the activity of selected enzymes of energy metabolism in skeletal muscle was studied in seven healthy volunteers. The results showed a significant decrease in the activity of malate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. Triosephosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, and hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activities showed an insignificant decrease. The findings are indicative of (1) decreased aerobic oxidation capacity; (2) reduced function of reducing-equivalent carriers from cytosol across the mitochondrial membrane; (3) relative accentuation of the non-aerobic glycolytic pathway; (4) a prediabetic type of muscle metabolism. PMID- 6795040 TI - Death of tumor cells in response to the use of a system of stimulated polyamine uptake from the transport of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). PMID- 6795039 TI - Effects of positive and negative exercise on ventilatory CO2 sensitivity. AB - Investigations in our laboratory have shown an increased slope of the ventilatory response curve to CO2 (CO2 sensitivity) during positive and negative exercise as compared with the resting condition. CO2 sensitivity during positive and negative exercise did not differ in spite of differences in metabolism (VO2, VCO2) and type of muscle contraction (concentric or eccentric). Various aspects of positive and negative exercise were examined in order to find out whether they can explain the identical CO2 sensitivity. Cardiac output, oxygen consumption, rectal temperature and venous catecholamine concentration appeared to be higher in positive exercise than in negative exercise, and higher in negative exercise than at rest. However, these differences between the two types of exercise contrast with the identical CO2 sensitivity and thus cannot be of major importance in determining CO2 sensitivity. It is hypothesized that one or more of these variables might be responsible for increased CO2 sensitivity during exercise as compared with rest. The CO2 sensitivity, once increased, seems to be unaffected by further increases in these variables. PMID- 6795041 TI - Progestogen and oestrogen receptor activity in ovary-dependent and ovary independent tumours of the rat. PMID- 6795042 TI - Persisting modifications of dogs' basal exocrine pancreatic secretion after repeated intravenous calcium injections. AB - Biochemical, histological and crystallographic studies were carried out on the pure exocrine pancreatic juice of calcium treated dogs and of normal dogs. 1. A long-lasting effect of repeated intravenous calcium injections was observed on the protein basal secretion (output and concentration) with intraductal plug formation. 2. The ionic equilibrium was changed leading to modifications of protein and calcium solubilities with formation of protein and calcium precipitates. 3. Plugs were further studied: three components were identified, (a) cells mostly of ductal origin, (b) calcium salt already crystallized in the plug on coming out of the duct, (c) protein material in the central part of the plug. The importance of these data is in relation with pancreatic disorders by hypercalcaemia and hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6795043 TI - Minor dietary effects of HDL in physically active men. AB - In a preceding prospective study an increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I concentration occurred in healthy, non obese, initially sedentary men, aged 30--44 years, after 3 months of physical training. Dietary history data revealed an increase in the absolute amount of fat intake. In the present study we investigated whether a changed fat intake would influence the levels of lipoproteins, especially the HDL fraction, in twenty three regularly conditioning men, aged 30--44 years, with a maximal aerobic capacity of 53.4 ml/kg x min--1 +/- 0.8, mean +/- SE. Ten subjects participated in an experimental group and thirteen in a control group. The experimental group studied before, after 4 weeks on a fat-rich diet (fifty-four energy-% fat, twenty nine energy-% carbohydrate) and after 4 weeks on a fat-poor diet (twenty-nine energy-% fat, fifty-three energy-% carbohydrate). The data reveal that these large dietary changes did not influence HDL-cholesterol concentrations (1.71 +/- 0.10, 1.69 +/- 0.12, 1.59 +/- 0.13 mmol/l, mean +/- SE, during ordinary, fat-rich and fat-poor diet, respectively) and only influenced apo A-I levels to a minor degree after the fat-poor diet (134 +/- 6.1, 134 +/- 7.1 and 123 +/- 4.7 arbitrary units, mean values +/- SE) during ordinary, fat-rich and fat-poor diet, respectively). No changes were observed in the controls before and after 8 weeks. During the study training habits and body weight were constant. These findings show that large variations in the intake of dietary neutral fat only to a minor extent influence the level of HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I in physically active subjects. PMID- 6795044 TI - Hormonal and substrate responses during recovery from hypoglycaemia in man during beta 1-selective and non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade. AB - Recovery from acute hypoglycaemia induced by the injection of insulin has been examined in six human subjects under control conditions, under non-selective beta blockade (propranolol) and under selective beta 1 blockade (metoprolol). The normal blood glucose recovery was biphasic with an initial rapid and a slower subsequent phase of recovery. The early recovery mechanism was unaffected by either form of beta blockade, but with propranolol the late phase of recovery was significantly prolonged. Rises in blood lactate and plasma free fatty acids following hypoglycaemia were markedly reduced by propranolol but to a much lesser degree with metoprolol. The counterregulatory hormonal responses of glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone were augmented appropriately for the prolonged hypoglycaemia associated with propranolol. Non-selective beta adrenergic blockade with propranolol is associated with an impairment of the late phase of blood glucose recovery from hypoglycaemia. The possible mechanisms of this impairment are discussed. PMID- 6795045 TI - Intestinal obstruction in germ-free dogs. AB - Mechanical occlusions were created in the intestines of four germ-free dogs. At the time of the operation, a control loop of mid-intestine was perfused in vivo and then excised for examinations in vitro, which included the determination of the equilibrium uptake of phenylalanine and of beta-methyl-glucoside, the influx kinetics of phenylalanine and morphometric analysis of the mucosa by microdissection and stereological techniques. Seven days after establishment of the occlusion the abdomen was reopened, and loops above and below the occlusion were perfused, and then excised for the same tests in vitro. Unlike occluded loops of conventional dogs, the intestine of the germ-free animal above the occlusion does not secrete water and electrolytes into the lumen. Its transport properties in vitro do not differ from those of the control loop, and the morphometric analyses reveal only slight changes in villus structure. The loop below the obstruction undergoes marked atrophy, as has been observed in conventional dogs. The results suggest that the copious secretion that occurs above an intestinal obstruction in normal animals is due to the presence of an abundant bacterial population in the obstruction fluid. PMID- 6795046 TI - Sodium status and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in compensated liver disease. AB - Exchangeable sodium, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II and plasma aldosterone were measured in forty-six control subjects, nineteen patients with chronic non-cirrhotic liver disease and twenty patients with compensated cirrhosis (i.e. without ascites or oedema). In the three groups respectively, mean exchangeable sodium (mmol/kg lean body mass) was 53 (SD = 3), 50 (SD = 5) and 52 (SD = 8). Mean plasma renin activity (pmol l(-1) min(-1)) was 3.2, 3.1 and 3.0 supine and 6.2, 6.2 and 5.1 erect. Mean plasma angiotensin II (pmol l(-1) was 7.3, 5.8 and 6.6 supine and 10.6, 7.9 and 9.0 erect. Mean plasma aldosterone (pmol l(-1)) was 82, 64 and 77 supine and 188, 133 and 121 erect. There were no significant differences among the mean values of any of these variables. These findings indicate that, on the basis of exchangeable sodium measurements, sodium retention is not present in compensated liver disease and that the renin- angiotensin--aldosterone system is essentially normal. PMID- 6795048 TI - Inefficacy of bicarbonate infusions on the course of postischaemic acute renal failure in the rat. AB - Since bicarbonate has been reported to elicit fast recovery from acute renal failure in man, clearance studies were performed to compare the effects of sodium bicarbonate and saline infusion on renal function in postischaemic renal failure in the rat. In a first set of experiments the left kidney and in a second both kidneys were clamped for a period of 45 min and renal function monitored up to 210 min after release of the clamp. Glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) decreased following clamping from (mean values +/- SEM) 1.33 +/- 0.09 to 0.12 +/- 0.02 (saline) or 1.43 +/- 0.1 to 0.08 +/- 0.01 (bicarbonate) in the unilaterally clamped kidney and from 2.94 +/- 0.20 to 0.41 +/- 0.10 (saline) or 2.81 +/- 0.17 to 0.22 +/- 0.03 (bicarbonate) when both kidneys were clamped. Fractional excretion of water and sodium increased to a similar extent in saline and bicarbonate treated animals. Plasma potassium decreased (from 3.37 +/- 0.10 to 2.95 +/- 0.07 [unilaterally clamped kidneys] or from 5.2 +/- 0.4 to 4.4 +/- 0.2 [bilaterally clamped kidneys]) in bicarbonate treated but remained constant in saline treated animals, an effect not related to altered renal potassium excretion. In conclusion, no evidence was found that bicarbonate improves renal function in postischaemic renal failure. PMID- 6795047 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 in itself or combined with hormone treatment in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis. AB - Eighty-four normal women, 2.5--5 years after their natural menopause, participated in a controlled double-blind trial. The effect of various therapeutic regimens on postmenopausal bone mineral loss was measured by photonabsorptiometric determination of the bone mineral content of both forearms. The women were randomized into four treatment groups: 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) alone in a daily dose of 0.25 micrograms, oestrogens/gestagen alone or combined with 1,25(OH)2D3, and placebo. The groups treated with oestrogens/gestagen (without and with 1,25(OH)2D3) showed a similar increase in bone mineral content of about 1% during one year of treatment. In contrast, both the placebo group and the 1,25(OH)2D3 group demonstrated a decrease of 1.9% and 2.1%, respectively, within the same period of time. While 1,25(OH)2D3 did not alter the rate of bone loss, it caused the characteristic and pronounced increase in urinary calcium excretion (15%). It is concluded that 1,25 (OH)2D3 neither serves as an alternative nor as an additive to gonadal hormones in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. PMID- 6795049 TI - Effect of parenteral hyperalimentation on serum lipoproteins and on lipoprotein lipase activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. AB - This study reports on the effects of parenteral nutrition with glucose along or in combination with Intralipid on heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and on serum lipoproteins. Thirteen patients with postoperative hypercatabolism and nine patients with caloric malnutrition were studied. The average adipose tissue LPL activity increased 5-fold during 4-day glucose infusion (P less than 0.001) and 7.4-fold during Intralipid plus glucose infusion (P less than 0.001). In contrast, no change occurred in the LPL activity of skeletal muscle. Glucose infusion caused a significant increase in VLDL and LDL triglyceride concentrations and the Intralipid plus glucose infusion was followed by a rise in LDL and HDL triglyceride concentrations. HDL cholesterol decreased by 26% (P less than 0.01) during glucose and by 19% (P less than 0.05) during Intralipid plus glucose. Apoprotein A I was very low already at the start of parenteral alimentation and it did not change during either nutrition. The HDL cholesterol and apoprotein A I and A II levels were each positively correlated with adipose tissue LPL activity before parenteral nutrition but not after it. PMID- 6795050 TI - Lack of clinical and physiological relationship between gastrin and calcitonin in man. AB - The clinical and physiological relevance of the relationship between gastrin and calcitonin has been investigated in normal subjects and in patients suffering from gastritis or duodenal ulcer. Basal plasma levels of calcitonin are increased in these patients but there is no significant relationship between calcitonin and gastrin levels. Acute pentagastrin injection in normal male subjects increased significantly (P less than 0.05) plasma calcitonin levels whereas lower doses of pentagastrin which are known to stimulate gastric secretion are without effect on calcitonin levels. Moreover, stimulation of gastrin secretion by a protein test meal and by intragastric administration of a calcium chloride solution is not followed by any significant increase of plasma calcitonin levels. These results suggest that the stimulation of calcitonin secretion by gastrin and its synthetic analogue pentagastrin is a pharmacological rather than a physiological phenomenon. PMID- 6795051 TI - The distribution of the neurofilament triplet proteins within individual neurones. PMID- 6795052 TI - Passive shedding of erythrocyte antigens induced by membrane rigidification. PMID- 6795053 TI - Some properties of Bufo bufo tyrosinase during development. AB - Tyrosinase expression during Bufo bufo development has been investigated. Until stage 19, only 1 electrophoretic band is detectable, but at a later stage (25) 3 bands appear. The Km for L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) was also determined. PMID- 6795054 TI - Interaction of organic dyes with hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing monooxygenases in vitro. AB - Organic dyes such as malachite green, methylene blue, fuchsin, safranine T, neutral red, phenazine methosulphate, riboflavin, dichlorophenolindophenol, phenolphthalein, and fluorescein, inhibit hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases and, partly, enhance, partly, inhibit hepatic microsomal NADPH-dependent cytochrome c and neotetrazolium reductases, in contrast to other inhibitors of drug metabolism which do not affect cytochrome c reductase but only interact with cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6795055 TI - Effect of metabolic versus respiratory acid-base changes on isolated coronary artery and saphenous vein. AB - Experiments were performed on helically cut strips from coronary artery and saphenous vein to determine the relative influence of metabolic versus respiratory acid-base changes. Tensions were measured over a range of various HCO3- concentrations and pCO2's. The results suggest that tension is influenced by extracellular pH and is independent of pCO2. PMID- 6795056 TI - Antifertility effects of clonidine in laying hens. AB - Clonidine was anovulatory and markedly antigonadal in laying hens when infused for 1 week from minipump implants at daily rates of 1.08 mg per hen or greater. The ovaries of hens treated with clonidine responded to FSH injections which suggests that the antigonadal effect of clonidine resulted from a reduction in the output of gonadotropin by the pituitary. These data suggest that alpha 2 receptors may be important in regulating avian fertility. PMID- 6795057 TI - Absence of proteoglycan core protein in the cartilage mutant nanomelia. PMID- 6795058 TI - In vitro activation of the enzymic activity of hepatic lipase by apoA-II. PMID- 6795059 TI - The calmodulin-binding protein in microtubules is tau factor. PMID- 6795060 TI - Ca2+-and calmodulin-dependent flip-flop mechanism in microtubule assembly disassembly. PMID- 6795061 TI - Plasma high density lipoproteins inhibit the activation of coagulation factor X by factor VIIa and tissue factor. PMID- 6795062 TI - Topographic and active-site studies on bovine rhodopsin. PMID- 6795063 TI - Apolipoprotein A-II can incorporate into plasma very low density lipoproteins. PMID- 6795064 TI - [Isoserological Rh-factor incompatibility of mother and fetus]. PMID- 6795066 TI - [Spike activity of neurons of the limbic cortex in response to stimulation of the mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus and midbrain reticular formation]. AB - IN anesthetized cats, short-latency orthodromic and antidromic responses of the limbic cortex neurons to stimulation of the mamillary body and reticular formation (RF) suggest the existence of short direct and feedback connections among these three structures. Histogram analysis revealed the responses of maximal potential compactness to stimulation of the RF. High-frequency stimulation of the mamillary body and the RF exerted mainly an inhibitory effect upon the limbic cortex neurons. PMID- 6795065 TI - [Experimental models of arterial hypertension and current concepts of the pathogenesis of hypertension]. PMID- 6795067 TI - Metabolic disorders and corneal changes. PMID- 6795068 TI - Reversal of brain essential fatty-acid deficiency in the rat by dietary linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate. PMID- 6795069 TI - Methionine aminopeptidase associated with liver mitochondria and microsomes. PMID- 6795070 TI - Comparison of the in vitro serum microbiological activity of a triple tetracycline tablet, 300 mg B.I.D. with oxytetracyline, 250 mg Q.I.D. PMID- 6795071 TI - Characterization of adenohypophysial polypeptides by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. I. L-[3H]leucine-labeled polypeptides. AB - Homogenates of cow and rat anterior pituitary slices, labeled in vitro with L [3H]leucine, were analyzed by high-resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique was also applied to the materials released into the chase medium from bovine anterior pituitary slices. The pattern of both total polypeptides (revealed by Coomassie-Blue staining) and L-[3H]leucine-labeled polypeptides (revealed by fluorography) was found to be more complex than previously demonstrated by different techniques. In particular, the GH band separated by one-dimensional Na-dodecylsulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was resolved into 3--5 components; 2 of these, which were highly labeled by L-[3H]leucine, were both identified as GH by immunoprecipitation with specific anti-GH bodies. In addition, we found evidence in favor of the existence of some, previously unsuspected, 'putative' secretory proteins. In fact, besides GH and PRL, several minor components (2 with apparent Mr approximately 70 00--62 000, pI approximately 4.8; others with Mr approximately 50 000, pI between approximately 5.8 and approximately 6.8; and 1 with Mr approximately 26 000, pI approximately 5.7) were found to be synthesized at high rates and to accumulate in the medium, with different kinetics, during chase incubation. PMID- 6795072 TI - Increased platelet arachidonic acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. AB - Platelets obtained from some diabetic patients show enhanced in vitro platelet aggregation. This study sought to determine if platelet obtained from insulin dependent diabetic subjects synthesize increased quantities of the labile aggregating substance, thromboxane A2 (TXA2), and if it may play a role in the enhanced platelet aggregation. Arachidonic acid (1 mM)-stimulated TXA2 synthesis, as determined via radioimmunoassay of its stable metabolite TXB2, was significantly greater (P less than 0.01, N = 12) in platelet-rich plasma obtained from diabetics compared with matched controls. Arachidonic acid-stimulated TXB2 synthesis in the diabetic platelet-rich plasma was positively correlated with the ambient fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.61, P less than 0.02, N = 15). Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (0.4-0.8 mM) was inhibited significantly less by 13-azaprostanoic acid (P less than 0.04, N = 14), a competitive antagonist of the actions of prostaglandin H2 or TXA2 on platelets, compared with matched controls. The results support the notion that platelets obtained from some insulin-dependent diabetic subjects manifest increased synthesis of TXA2, which may contribute to the enhanced platelet aggregation. PMID- 6795073 TI - The role of insulin in atherosclerosis in diabetics and nondiabetics: a review. AB - Disease of coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arteries is associated with exaggerated insulin responses to oral glucose. In three populations, high fasting or post-glucose insulin levels have a predictive value in the incidence of ischemic heart disease and in cardiac mortality. Diabetics who are obese or who have received treatment with insulin have elevated insulin levels and, as a group, have an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease. Insulin, in small concentrations, has effects on arterial tissue including stimulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and of glucose incorporation into lipid. It is suggested that insulin has a role in the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6795074 TI - The effect of donor strain blood and ALS therapy on pancreatic islet allograft survival in the rat. AB - Small amounts of donor strain ACI blood injected in conjunction with minimal ALS therapy prolonged islet allograft survival in Wistar-Lewis, diabetic recipients from a mean of 8 days in nontransfused rats to a mean of more than 100 days. ACI skin grafts transplanted on long-surviving transplant-improved rats were rejected within 8 days, which suggested that "classical" tolerance was probably not the mechanism responsible for the blood-induced suppression of islet allograft rejection. PMID- 6795075 TI - Haemostatic changes in diabetic coma. AB - Diabetic coma is frequently associated with thromboembolic complications. A prospective study was undertaken of the haemostatic changes occurring in 15 patients (12 with ketoacidosis, three with the hyperosmolar syndrome) during diabetic coma. When compared with the results after stabilization of the diabetes, ketoacidosis was associated with significantly higher levels of factor VIII coagulant activity, factor VIII-related antigen and fibrin degradation products, a shorter partial thromboplastin time and reduced concentrations of antithrombin III. These results suggest that in uncomplicated ketoacidosis, haematological changes occur which may reflect vascular endothelial damage and intravascular fibrin deposition. Out of three deaths, two patients (both with the hyperosmolar syndrome) had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. To reduce further the mortality and morbidity from diabetic coma, controlled clinical trials of anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs may be indicated. PMID- 6795076 TI - Different behaviour of haemoglobin A1a-c and glycosyl-albumin levels during recovery from diabetic ketoacidosis and non-acidotic coma. AB - Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1a-c) and serum albumin (glycosyl-albumin) have been determined in patients with severe diabetic ketoacidosis and non-acidotic coma. Within one week of therapy the level of glycosyl-albumin decreased from 184 mmol 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)/mol albumin to 152 mmol HMF/mol albumin (p less than 0.01) and was gradually lowered by some 40% during a period of 17 days. In contrast, the level of HbA1a-c remained unchanged. From these observations and findings in a patient with insulinoma, it appears that glycosyl-albumin provides a more acute measure of variation in relative glycaemia than HbA1a-c, and may prove useful as a measure of medium-term diabetes control. PMID- 6795077 TI - Stimulation of sugar transport in rat soleus muscle by prolonged cooling at 0 degrees C. AB - The uptake of D-xylose by isolated rat soleus muscle (measured at 37 degrees C) was stimulated by prolonged cooling at 0 degrees C. The effect of cooling reached a maximum value after 3 h and was reversed on rewarming; reversal was temperature dependent. Cooling stimulated xylose uptake sub-maximally compared with the effect of insulin (100 U/l). Xylose uptake in cooled muscle was further stimulated by insulin, but not by anoxia. The effect of cooling and its reversal were still demonstrable in the presence of ouabain (1 mmol/l), or when unidirectional efflux of calcium and magnesium from the muscle was induced by EDTA (5 mmol/l). The ionophore, A23187 (2.5 mg/l), depressed the effect of cooling in the presence of EDTA but not in the presence of EGTA. It is concluded that cooling disrupts and intracellular magnesium-p]ump and that muscle sugar transport is consequentially stimulated through an increase in cytoplasmic magnesium. PMID- 6795078 TI - [A comparative study of the efficiency of radiologic and endoscopic examinations in gastroenterology, in relation with their cost (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795079 TI - The stimulation of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in quail with complete and skeleton photoperiods. PMID- 6795080 TI - Hormonal regulation of the annual reproductive cycle of golden hamsters. PMID- 6795081 TI - Biological parameters and the segregation distortion (SD) phenomenon in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The relationship between some biological parameters (mortality, longevity, fertility, fecundity and sex ratio) and segregation of second chromosomes in heterozygous and homozygous SD males has been analyzed. The results obtained in SD/SD+ heterozygous males show: (1) their reduced fertility with respect to that of control males, (2) an alteration in the sex ratio in the SD+ progeny only, and (3) inversely related sex-ratio and segregation distortion values. In SDi/SDj combinations: (1) surprisingly, fertility is intermediate between that of SD/SD+ heterozygous males and that of control males, (2) the segregation ratios of the second chromosomes are normal (0.50), and (3) the sex ratio = 0.50 in both classes of SD progeny. The relationship between mortality (and therefore longevity) and fertility of the different genotypes and fecundity per male indicates that the total productivity of heterozygous males is less than that so far claimed. Indeed, their productivity depends not only on the mechanism of nonformation of the SD+ sperm, but also on their reduced longevity. The k = 0.50 and the high fecundity of SDi/SDj combinations indicated that in these males the SD phenomenon is partially suppressed, the SD chromosomes being insensitive to each other, thus implying that particular Rsp alleles are sensitive to given Sd alleles. The complementation pattern for male fertility of SD homozygous males again supports previous evidence that Sd factors from natural populations are, in effect, different Sd genes. PMID- 6795082 TI - Genetic and developmental analysis of a temperature-sensitive minute mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A temperature-sensitive (ts) third chromosome Minute (M) mutation, designated Q III, has been recovered and characterized. Q-III heterozygotes raised at 29 degrees exhibit all of the dominant traits of M mutants including small bristles, rough eyes, prolonged development, reduced viability and interactions with several unrelated mutations. Q-III homozygotes raised at 29 degrees are lethal; death occurs primarily during the first larval instar. When raised at 22 degrees, Q-III heterozygotes are phenotypically normal and Q-III homozygotes display moderate M traits. In addition, Q-III elicits ts sterility and maternal-effect lethality. As is true of M lesions, the dominant traits of Q-III are not expressed in triploid females raised at 29 degrees. Complementation tests suggest that Q-III is a ts allele of M(3)LS4, which is located in 3L near the centromere. -Reciprocal temperature-shift experiments revealed that the temperature-sensitive period (TSP) of Q-III lethality is polyphasic, extending from the first instar to the latter half of pupation. Heat-pulse experiments further resolved this into two post-embryonic TSPs: one occurring during the latter half of the second larval instar, and the other extending from the larval/pupal boundary to the second half of pupation. In addition, heat pulses elicited a large number of striking adult phenotypes in Q-III individuals. These included pattern alterations such as deficiencies and duplications and other morphological defects in structures produced by the eye-antennal, leg, wing and genital imaginal discs and the abdominal histoblasts. Each defect or pattern alteration is associated with a specific TSP during development.--We favor the interpretation that most of the major Q-III defects, particularly the structural duplications and deficiencies, result from temperature-induced cell death in mitotically active imaginal anlagen, while the small macrochaete phene probably results from the direct effects of Q-III on bristle synthesis. The hypothesis that the Q-III locus specifies a component required for protein synthesis is discussed, and it is concluded that this hypothesis can account for the pleiotropy of Q-III, and that perhaps it can be extended to M loci in general. PMID- 6795083 TI - Third-chromosome mutagen-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A total of 34 third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to killing by chemical mutagens have been isolated. Genetic analyses have placed responsible mutations in more than eleven complementation groups. Mutants in three complementation groups are strongly sensitive to methyl methanesulfonate, those in one are sensitive to nitrogen mustard, and mutants in six groups are hypersensitive to both mutagens. Eight of the ten loci mapped fall within 15% of the genetic map that encompasses the centromere of chromosome 3. Mutants from four of the complementation groups are associated with moderate to strong meiotic effects in females. Preliminary biochemical analyses have implicated seven of these loci in DNA metabolism. PMID- 6795084 TI - Fitness and density-dependent population growth in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The density-dependent rates of population growth were determined for 26 populations of Drosophila melanogaster maintained in the serial transfer system. Twenty-five populations were homozygous for an entire chromosome 2 sampled from nature; the other was a random heterozygous population. Rates of population growth around the carrying capacity cannot explain the large fitness depression of these lines. However, the homozygous lines show large differences in rates of population growth at low densities relative to the random heterozygous standard. The average relative fitness of the homozygous lines, as determined from the growth rates at the lowest density, is 0.51. PMID- 6795085 TI - Genetic variation and genetic load due to the male reproductive component of fitness in Drosophila. AB - The genetic variation and genetic load due to virility, the male reproductive component of fitness, was measured in Drosophila melanogaster and D. pseudoobscura using males homozygous and heterozygous for the second chromosome of each species. Virility was determined in a female-choice, male mating competition experiment where both mating propensity and fertility were taken into account.--The mean virility of the homozygous D. melanogaster males relative to the heterozygous males was 0.50; the relative mean virility of the quasinormal homozygotes was 0.56. The mean virility of the homozygous D. pseudoobscura males relative to the heterozygous males was 0.70; the relative mean virility of the nonsterile homozygotes was 0.72, and of the quasinormal homozygotes, 0.68.- Depending on the species and chromosome sampled, fertile homozygous males had a mean virility 15 to 50% lower than the mean viability of individuals homozygous for a chromosome with quasinormal viability. The genetic load due to virility was also greater than that due to the female reproductive component. This higher level of hidden genetic variation (or genetic load) indicates that the results of Prout (1971a, b) and Bundgaard and Christian (1972), where the virility component of fitness dominated the dynamics of an artificial polymorphism, may be more general and that virility may dominate the dynamics of natural polymorphisms as well. PMID- 6795086 TI - [Comparative study of chromosome and plasmid transformation in Bacillus subtilis: the effect of lysozyme and polyethylene glycol]. AB - The influence of lysozyme and polyethyleneglycol (PEG) on chromosomal and plasmid transformation was comparatively investigated. Treatment of competent cell culture with low concentrations of lysozyme which do not affect cell viability stimulates both types of transformation. When transforming DNA was treated with definite concentrations of PEG, inhibition of transformation using chromosomal DNA occurred. The similar treatment, however, stimulated transformation by oligomeric forms of plasmid DNA. Possibly, PEG alters the DNA conformation rendering it less sensitive to nuclease degradation. This promotes plasmid transformation but reduces the frequency of transformation by chromosomal DNA, because the changes resulting from nuclease action further DNA integration into the genome of a recipient. PMID- 6795087 TI - [Properties of Bacillus subtilis mutant rec149 with an increased frequency of defective phage induction]. PMID- 6795088 TI - [Reactivity of the H-2ba mutant against the products of the H-2Kb gene and its mutant alleles in the graft vs. host reaction and the linkage with the H-2 complex of the nonresponsiveness of B10.M mice against the H-2kbd antigen]. AB - Five mutants for the H-2Kb gene within the mouse major histocompatibility complex were studied in the Simonsen spleen weight assay. It was shown that H-2Kba mutant was unable to react against only H-2Kbd recipients, while developed normal reaction against H-2Kbf, H-2Kbg2, H-2Kbh mutants. These results indicate the specific character of the nonresponsiveness. Mice of the B10.M (H-2f) strain do not complement the defect of reactivity in the H-2Kba mutant. Evidence from the study of G2 hybrids indicate that the gene for nonresponsiveness in B 10.M was linked with the H-2 complex. PMID- 6795089 TI - [Albumin content in the blood serum of inbred mouse strains]. PMID- 6795091 TI - Cloning and characterization of nine heat-shock-induced mRNAs of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have cloned cDNA segments representing nine different genes whose expression is activated by heat-shock treatment of Drosophila melanogaster cells. These nine were selected from a larger population based on the fact that the levels of the polysomal, poly(A)-containing RNA homologous to each of these cDNA segments is significantly greater in induced cells. Among these genes are four that hybridize in situ to major heat-shock puff sites on polytene chromosomes, and five previously uncharacterized genes that hybridize to other sites. Some of these additional sites have been previously implicated as responders to heat shock. Hybridization of in vivo pulse-labeled. total RNA from induced and uninduced cells to specific cDNA segments provided an estimate of both the relative level of different heat-shock transcripts and the inducibility of the nine genes. Although the most abundant RNA species are derived from genes at major heat-shock puff sites, all nine show significant induction. These results indicate that the repertoire of gene expression that is activated or amplified by heat shock is not confined to these major puff sites and that the number of genes involved in the heat-shock response is much larger than the seven commonly noted. PMID- 6795090 TI - Sequence of the gene for the constant region of the mu chain of Balb/c mouse immunoglobulin. PMID- 6795092 TI - [Method of sampling the alveolar air]. PMID- 6795094 TI - The role of hexamethylmelamine in advanced ovarian carcinoma treatment. PMID- 6795093 TI - Short incubation non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted by factor VIII concentrates in patients with congenital coagulation disorders. AB - Ten cases are reported of short incubation (one to four weeks) non-A, non-B hepatitis occurring after infusion of various preparations of factor VIII concentrates into patients with coagulation disorders. Five patients were symptomatic and, in all, serum transaminase levels were increased for at least six months. These cases of chronic hepatitis exhibited none of the features of autoimmune chronic hepatitis: autoantibodies were negative and serum immunoglobulins were normal. Hepatic histology confirmed acute hepatitis in two cases biopsied early in the illness, and chronic active hepatitis (three) of chronic persistent hepatitis (two) in five cases studied later. Lobular inflammation was a prominent feature in all cases. Other features not commonly associated with type A or B hepatitis included fatty change and damaged bile ducts. PMID- 6795095 TI - Treatment of chemotherapy-resistant advanced ovarian cancer with a combination of cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine, adriamycin, and cis diamminedichloroplatinum (CHAP). PMID- 6795096 TI - Impact of cisplatin multiagent chemotherapy and total parenteral hyperalimentation on bowel obstruction caused by ovarian cancer. PMID- 6795097 TI - [Lead poisoning - also today still current]. AB - Even today lead intoxication may occasionally occur. As shown in this case report, careful history including that of the occupational environment may cause suspicion, when complaints such as abdominal pain and constipation are associated with erythrogenic disturbances due to inhibition of certain enzymes of hem synthesis. Although changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow may be typical, lead intoxication can definitely be diagnosed only by determination of lead in blood and urine, of accumulated porphyrins in the red blood cells and of the typical pattern of hem precursors in the urine. Finally, this report deals with the therapy of lead intoxication. PMID- 6795098 TI - [Leptilan. Dissolution, bioavailability and first therapeutic results in children with different epilepsy forms]. PMID- 6795099 TI - [Prevention of urotoxic complications during therapy with cytostatics. The problem of the interaction between sodium-II-mercaptoethanesulfonate and cyclophosphamide]. PMID- 6795100 TI - Positive feedback effect of dihydrotestosterone on follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the male rat: implications and a possible relation to the onset of puberty. AB - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone concentrations were measured in serum of adult male rats after 6 days of constant subcutaneous infusion of varying levels of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Doses from one-half up to the normal "blood production rate" of DHT produced a selective stimulation of serum FSH, but not LH, levels. Higher levels suppressed FSH, LH, and testosterone. Despite the presence of much higher levels of testosterone in blood, the augmentation of FSH secretion indicated in these studies suggests that DHT may have an important role in regulatory systems for gonadotropins. PMID- 6795101 TI - Further observations on the hormonal regulation of alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase in rat mammary gland: a possible role for prolactin and thyrotropin. AB - The roles of prolactin and thyrotropin (TSH) in the regulation of alpha glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) activity in rat mammary gland were investigated by the administration of thyroid releasing hormone, bromocriptine, prolactin, TSH and triiodothyronine (T3). TRH administration failed to induce alterations in the glands from intact animals but stimulated the activity in castrated and adrenalectomized animals. Bromocriptine administration was without any effect in either group of animals. Administration of ovine prolactin to hypophysectomized rats did not affect the activity, on the other hand, treatment with either TSH or T3 resulted in a highly significant increase in the activity. Combined administration of prolactin and TSH to hypophysectomized animals showed that prolactin is capable of partially inhibiting the TSH-induced increase. It is suggested that glucocorticoids exert primary control over the enzyme's activity with the pituitary hormones only playing a permissive role in its regulation. PMID- 6795102 TI - Prolactin secretion in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6795103 TI - Thyroid cell hyporesponsiveness in cockerels treated with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or thyrotropin (TSH) at hatching. PMID- 6795104 TI - [Immunoglobulins in Surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795105 TI - Cell-free translation of immunoglobulin G polypeptides by chicken bursal RNA. AB - The acquisition of messenger RNA controlling the translation of immunoglobulin G was studied in the chicken bursa of Fabricius, using the cell-free translation system of wheat germ lysate. Total cellular RNA extracted by phenol-1% sodium dodecylsulphate (pH 5.0 at 50 degrees) incorporated [3H]-leucine maximally. Sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immune precipitates of cell-free products with anti-chick IgG showed that polypeptides of gamma- and light chains were synthesized by bursal RNA from 20-day embryos and one-week-old chicks; in addition, a polypeptide with a molecular size of about 4 x 10(4) was synthesized. No appreciable synthesis of gamma- and light chains by bursal RNA from 12-day embryos was found. PMID- 6795106 TI - Three monoclonal immunoglobulins, an IgG2(kappa), an IgM(kappa) and an IgM/A hybrid, in one patient. I. Isolation and characterization. PMID- 6795107 TI - Classification of lymphocytes recirculating in the spleen. AB - After washing out remaining blood cells using cold perfusate, pig spleens were connected to a closed-circuit normothermic perfusion system. Recirculating lymphocytes migrated out and rapidly established an equilibrium with the splenic extravascular lymphoid tissues. Comparison of the subpopulations among these lymphocytes with those in the blood at time of removal of the spleen, showed the absence of Null cells and reduced numbers of weakly E-rosetting cells among splenic emigrants. The proportion of other B- and T-cell subpopulations were increased in a way which might be explained by non-recirculation of these two subpopulations. Autologous blood lymphocytes labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate and introduced into spleen perfusions rapidly established equilibrium (approximately 15%-25%, well within 1 hr) and at the end of perfusion were concentrated in the marginal zones. The fluorescent lymphocytes remaining in the perfusate showed a marked enrichment of Null cells suggesting that these cells do not home to splenic extravascular lymphoid tissues in agreement with the hypothesis that Null cells are absent from splenic emigrants because they are nonrecirculating cells. PMID- 6795108 TI - In vivo labelling of the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes with fluorescein isothiocyanate for lymphocyte migration studies. AB - Lymphocytes in normal young pigs were labelled in vivo with fluorescein isothiocyanate in the spleen using an extracorporeal perfusion system and in mesenteric lymph nodes by direct injection into the nodes. Labelled lymphocytes leave the spleen at a high rate via the splenic vein and migrate to different lymphoid organs. Emigrants from mesenteric lymph nodes left the nodes more slowly and revealed a different homing pattern. Evidence is presented that a considerable number of lymphocytes from the parenchyma leave the nodes via the vein and not by the classical route of recirculating lymphocytes via the efferent lymphatics. Fluorescein labelling of lymphocytes in their normal micro environment is a suitable method for lymphocyte migration studies. PMID- 6795109 TI - Cytotoxic T cells in small intestine epithelial, lamina propria and lung lymphocytes. AB - We have examined the development of specific cytotoxic T-cell activity in the lungs and the epithelium and lamina propria of the small intestine following tumour cell inoculation by subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes. After an intraperitoneal injection of tumour cells, large amounts of cytotoxic activity are detectable in the lungs and lamina propria. In comparison, the epithelial lymphocytes of the small intestine display low cytotoxic activity. After a subcutaneous injection, little cytotoxicity is detectable except in the lungs and the development of such cytotoxicity has a much shorter time course compared with that induced by an intraperitoneal inoculation of tumour cells. The data indicate a marked difference in the functional capacity of lymphocytes from the epithelium and lamina propria of the small intestine. PMID- 6795110 TI - Antigen B-specific helper factor from timothy grass pollen: isolation and partial characterization. AB - Spleen cells from LAF1 mice primed with photo-oxidized antigen B exhibit helper T cell activity when assayed in an adoptive transfer system with spleen cells from mice primed with timothy pollen extract and treated with anti-thy 1.2 serum and complement. These helper cells, when placed in culture with antigen B, secrete a soluble antigen B-specific helper factor (THF) that requires the presence of normal spleen cells or cells that do not adhere to nylon wool in order to exhibit T cell-replacing activity. The THF has been partially purified over an immobilized antigen adsorbent. The eluted THF exhibits a mol. wt of 65,000 by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and contains 5% carbohydrate by weight. The THF is I-Ak-positive and Ig-negative. PMID- 6795111 TI - Acute hemiconvulsive encephalopathy of childhood with prominent unilateral delta activity in the electroencephalogram. PMID- 6795112 TI - Intravenous glucose utilization in marasmus. PMID- 6795113 TI - Atypical petit mal epilepsy in twins. PMID- 6795114 TI - Hospital management of malnutrition-Part 1. PMID- 6795115 TI - Effects of captopril on vascular reactivity of SHR in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effect of captopril treatment (100 mg/kg by mouth daily for up to 6 months) on pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) and angiotensin II (AII) was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Also, helical strips of rat aorta were removed from rats that had been similarly dosed. The aortic strips were suspended for isometric recording in modified Krebs' solution kept at 37 degrees C and bubbled with 95% O2-5% CO2. Pressor responses of both NE and AII in vivo were inhibited by captopril in SHR treated for all treatment periods. Responses to NE were more significantly and consistently inhibited than those for AII. Aortic strips from SHR previously dosed with captopril showed equivalent or greater contractile responses to potassium chloride (KCl) and NE, when compared with strips from untreated age-matched controls. In aortic strips from untreated Sprague-Dawley rats incubated with captopril, 30 micron g/ml for 1 hour ( a concentration 6000 times higher than that needed to inhibit angiotensin-covering enzyme by 50% in vitro), captopril had no effect on nitroglycerin-induced relaxation or NE-induced contractions, whereas ethacrynic acid (25 micron g/ml) reduced both the NE contractile response as well as the nitroglycerin-induced relaxation. These results suggest that captopril has no direct effect on the ability of isolated vascular smooth muscle to contract or relax despite causing a significant inhibition of pressor responses in vivo. It is suggested that this effect is related to an interaction of captopril with blood-borne elements necessary for the full expression of vasoconstriction, but unrelated to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. PMID- 6795116 TI - Profile of hypertensives as a determinant of long-term antihypertensive medication needs. AB - The experience of 110 hypertensives who participated in a worksite stepped-care treatment program has been examined to draw a patient profile at entry that would determine medication needs on a long-term basis. Patients entered untreated with a blood pressure (BP) level of greater than or equal to 160 mm Hg systolic and/or greater than or equal to 95 mm HG diastolic (DBP) and had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Treatment was initiated with diuretics, and additional drugs were added as necessary to achieve BP control. Patients were divided into three groups according to initial DBP levels: Group A (33 patients, greater than or equal to 105 mm Hg), Group B (43 patients, 95-104 mm Hg), and Group C (34 patients, less than 95 mm Hg). Using a life table method, we analyzed the therapeutic experience of these patients to obtain 5-year cumulative rates of adding a second drug to diuretics. Within the first 2 years of treatment, the cumulative rates were: 64% in Group A, 33% in Group B, and 23% in Group C. In all three groups the rates after the second year remained stable. This stepped-care approach resulted in BP control (less than 160/95) which ranged from 78% in the first year to 96% in the fifth year. Findings suggest that initial DBP level and age are principal factors in determining medication needs. Furthermore, at higher DBP levels, younger nonwhite and younger white males are most likely to require a second drug within the first year of treatment. The need for a second drug is apparent within the first 2 years. PMID- 6795117 TI - Monoclonal antibodies binding renal renin. AB - Somatic-cell fusion of normal antibody-producing spleen cells with cells from a plasmacytoma culture results in a culture of hybrid cells from which a monoclonal line may be selected. These lines are immortal and may be amplified as tumors in syngeneic animals to produce large quantities of antibodies characterized by molecular homogeneity. We report the application of this technique to the production of antibodies binding canine renin. Balb/c mice were immunized with pure canine renal renin and their spleen cells fused with the NS-1 myeloma line. In two separate fusions, nine clones of cells were isolated that bound canine renal renin but did not cross-react with a number of protein antigens tested. One of these antibodies cross-reacted with renins of several different species, including human renin. Binding inhibition studies carried out with one of these monoclonal antibodies demonstrated a dissociation constant for renin of 10(-7) M. These monoclonal antibodies have great potential in answering significant questions concerning the structure, biosynthesis, tissue localization, and physiologic actions of renin. PMID- 6795118 TI - Prostaglandins, antidiuretic hormone and renin angiotensin system. AB - Current knowledge on prostaglandin biosynthesis is reviewed, centering on how PGs participate in the regulation of vascular tone and the prevention of platelet deposition on endothelial surfaces. Discussion includes review of the vasoactivity of the PG endoperoxides, thromboxane, prostacyclin, and prostaglandin E2; prostaglandin-catabolizing enzymes; polyunsaturated fatty acid precursors; nutritional factors; antidiuretic hormone; and interrelations of PGs with the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6795119 TI - Lens aldose reductase in diabetic and galactosemic cataracts. PMID- 6795120 TI - Effect of pH on the production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. AB - Production of the Kanagawa hemolysin by patient strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found to respond to the pH rather than to the type of carbohydrate present in the growth medium. Regardless of the carbohydrate present, hemolysin production in peptone broth cultures occurred only when the pH was between 6.5 and 5.5. Mannitol, the sugar used in the Wagatsuma agar, lowered the pH to within this range, thus providing optimal conditions for hemolysin production. Glucose and mannose, although readily metabolized, lowered the pH below this range, inhibiting growth and hemolysin production. Alkaline cultures either without carbohydrates or containing non-metabolizable sugars showed little hemolytic activity because the pH always remained alkaline. In pH-stat cultures maintained at pH 6.2, higher hemolysin yields were produced irrespective of the presence or absence of mannitol. We conclude that the production of the Kanagawa hemolysin is under pH control. Marine strains of V. parahaemolyticus, which are Kanagawa negative, did not express detectable amounts of hemolysin under those conditions shown to stimulate hemolysin production by Kanagawa-positive strains. PMID- 6795121 TI - Enhancement of Neisseria meningitidis infection in mice by addition of iron bound to transferrin. AB - Small quantities of iron bound specifically to human transferrin were found to stimulate infection with Neisseria meningitidis strain M1011 in mice. An intraperitoneal injection of 17.5 mg of transferrin carrying 22.7 micrograms of Fe resulted in 100% mortality from infection, as compared with no mortality for the controls which had received saline. Five milligrams of ferri-transferrin (FeTf), carrying 6.5 micrograms of Fe, stimulated and prolonged bacteremia in the mice. Thus, FeTf maintained infection, whereas infection was controlled due to iron limitation in control mice. Comparative studies with apotransferrin (iron free) revealed that the enhancement of infection was due to the supply of iron. FeTf was also found to relieve an iron limitation of growth achieved by ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDA) in vitro. FeTf abolished the lag phase for growth of N. meningitidis in a defined medium. The results of this study suggest that human FeTf is an immediate source of iron to N. meningitidis both in vitro and in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that the levels of iron in the circulating transferrin pool of mice determine the course of experimental N. meningitidis infection. PMID- 6795122 TI - Group C Neisseria meningitidis variant polysaccharide vaccines in children. AB - The currently United States-licensed group C Neisseria meningitidis vaccine, composed of the O-acetyl-positive capsular polysaccharide, is poorly immunogenic and does not afford protection from disease to infants and young children. Group C N. meningitidis O-acetyl-negative polysaccharide vaccine induces higher titers in adults than does the O-acetyl-positive vaccine. We compared the immunogenicity of these vaccines in 2-year-old children. Reactions were minimal and did not differ between the two vaccines. The postvaccination geometric mean titer was twofold greater in the O-acetyl-negative group (1.58 versus 0.73 micrograms of antibody per ml). The rates of decline in titer were similar in both groups. Further study regarding immunogenicity of and the anamnestic response to the O acetyl-negative vaccine is warranted in the age group (less than 18 months) at highest risk for invasive meningococcal disease. PMID- 6795123 TI - Interactions of killed Listeria monocytogenes with the mouse complement system. AB - Incubation of mouse serum with Listeria monocytogenes involved activation of the alternative complement pathway, resulting in depletion of both classical and alternative pathway activity. The activation process gave rise to reactive (calcium- and magnesium-independent) lysis of, specifically, rabbit erythrocytes, which become resistant to this form of hemolysis by sensitization with antibodies. The possible implications of these findings for L. monocytogenes as an intracellular parasite and for rabbit erythrocytes as target cells for mouse alternative complement pathway activity are discussed. PMID- 6795124 TI - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by Trichomonas vaginalis. AB - The mechanism underlying the lysis of Trichomonas vaginalis by normal human or guinea pig serum was investigated. The involvement of the complement system was demonstrated by the failure of human serum deficient in C3 or C8 to mediate parasite killing and by the ablation of lytic activity observed when fresh sera were heated at 56 degrees C or treated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Fixation of human C3 on the parasite surface was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence. The involvement of the alternative complement pathway was demonstrated (i) by the inability of properdin-depleted human serum to lyse T. vaginalis and (ii) by the normal killing observed with guinea pig serum lacking C4 and with normal human or guinea pig serum treated with ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid and Mg2+ to selectively inhibit the classical pathway. PMID- 6795125 TI - Dissociation of bactericidal activity from other functions of activated macrophages in exudates induced by thioglycolate medium. AB - Macrophages displayed increased spreading, increased Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytosis, and increased secretion of plasminogen activator when collected from the peritoneal cavities of either Listeria-immune mice challenged intraperitoneally 3 days earlier with Listeria or nonimmune mice injected intraperitoneally 3 days earlier with fluid thioglycolate medium. In contrast, macrophages from the thioglycolate-induced peritoneal exudates were severely impaired in vitro in their ability to destroy Listeria. Injection of thioglycolate markedly interfered with the destruction of sublethal intraperitoneal challenge of Listeria, which resulted in nonimmune animals dying of an overwhelming systemic infection. In animals immune to Listeria, injection of thioglycolate delayed the onset of the expression of immunity to an intraperitoneal challenge of bacteria. The thioglycolate-induced suppression of bactericidal activity was determined to be confined to the site of injection. Results of experiments indicated that the colloidal agar in thioglycolate medium was the cause of the impairment of macrophage bactericidal activity. In addition to the impairment of bactericidal activity induced by agar, additional studies showed that an intraperitoneal injection of colloidal agar (0.075% wt/vol) by itself was a sufficient inflammatory stimulus for the accumulation of a large number of host phagocytic cells. PMID- 6795126 TI - Activation of the alternative complement pathway by blood culture isolates of Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Blood culture isolates of Bacteroides caused depletion of alternative complement pathway hemolytic activity, but no fall in C4 titers, when incubated in vitro with normal serum or serum containing 0.002 M MgCl(2) and 0.008 M ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid. PMID- 6795127 TI - Degradation of gonococcal outer membrane proteins by human neutrophil lysosomal proteases. AB - Interest in the molecular mechanisms of leukocyte bactericidal activity led us to study the effects of human neutrophil lysosomal proteases on the outer membrane (OM) proteins of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A protease fraction containing cathepsin G and elastase activity was partially purified by gel filtration chromatography of acetate extracts of purified neutrophil granules. OM was obtained from gonococci by French press-Sarkosyl or by LiCl2 extraction. The principal (protein I) and opacity-associated (proteins II) OM proteins of N. gonorrhoeae were hydrolyzed by lysosomal proteases; proteins II were more susceptible to hydrolysis than protein I. Treatment of whole gonococci, with subsequent purification of OM, or direct treatment of purified OM led to identical hydrolysis of OM proteins by lysosomal proteases as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel patterns. Similarly, hydrolysis of purified OM proteins was identical whether OM was treated with unfractionated granule extract or with the partially purified lysosomal proteases, indicating that the observed hydrolysis by unfractionated lysosomal contents was due solely to the lysosomal protease fraction. Hydrolysis of OM proteins was dependent upon the concentration of proteases, time, and temperature. Hydrolysis of proteins II was observed with as little as 1 microgram of proteases per ml for 1 h at 37 degrees C. OM incubated alone or with heat-inactivated proteases showed no hydrolytic activity. The addition of 25 mM Na+, K+, Mg2+, or Ca2+ to incubation mixtures containing proteases and OM did not alter hydrolytic activity as indicated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel patterns. PMID- 6795128 TI - Recontamination after gastrointestinal decontamination with non-absorbable antibiotics. AB - In an attempt to restore the colonization resistance we administered anaerobic microflora to prevent an abnormal colonization of the intestine after antibiotic treatment had been discontinued. After the antibiotics had been discontinued and before the donor flora had been administered and had colonized the intestine, microorganisms present were "unopposed" and expanded to a high density. A mouse model was used to investigate which antibiotics negatively influenced the donor flora and reduced the colonization resistance when administered intraperitoneally. Erythromycin, clindamycin and carbenicillin suppressed the donor flora permanently, as could be seen by the reduced colonization resistance. Benzylpenicillin, ampicillin, doxycycline and the combination gentamicin cephalothin affected the colonization resistance as long as these agents were present. Gentamicin alone and cephalothin and oxytetracycline had no effect on the colonization resistance. PMID- 6795129 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of cefsulodin: experimental studies in animals (author's transl)]. AB - Experimental investigations in wistar rats indicate that cefsulodin, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with high activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is more nephrotoxic than cephaloridine, the cephalosporin with the lowest renal tolerance up until new. Therefore, when cefsulodin is used clinically, renal function should be carefully controlled. PMID- 6795130 TI - [Altered bacterial periurethral flora in young girls with chronic, recurrent urinary tract infections? (author's transl)]. AB - Assuming a local weakness in the defence system to be responsible for chronic, recurrent infection of the urinary tract in young girls, we made 86 determinations of the bacterial periurethral flora from 70 female patients aged between five and eleven years. Within three patient groups (urologically healthy, temporarily free from infection, currently suffering an acute attack of chronic, recurrent urinary tract infection), we found gram-negative bacteria in 1/20 of the healthy children, in 1/2 of those temporarily free from infection and in all children suffering an acute attack. Enterococci (the accompanying flora) was found in 1/20, 1/2 of the children respectively. In both cases, the differences were significant (chi 2-Test, p less than 0.01). In comparison to healthy children, the more children, in 1/2 of those temporarily free from infection and in all children suffering an acute attack. Enterococci (the accompanying flora) was found in 1/20, 1/2 of the children respectively. In both cases, the differences were significant (chi 2-Test, p less than 0.01). In comparison to healthy children, the more children, in 1/2 of those temporarily free from infection and in all children suffering an acute attack. Enterococci (the accompanying flora) was found in 1/20, 1/2 of the children respectively. In both cases, the differences were significant (chi 2-Test, p less than 0.01). In comparison to healthy children, the more frequent colonization of children who were not currently infected, but who were prone to infection, was seen particularly as an indication of an intermittent local weakness in the defence system, possibly occurring when a defence mechanism occasionally falls short of a threshold level, thus allowing an infection to set in. PMID- 6795131 TI - Nitroglycol concentrations in blood and urine of workers engaged in dynamite production. AB - Nitroglycol (Ng) concentrations in blood and urine of dynamite production workers were measured. Measurement of Ng concentration in blood of 16 workers revealed undetectable levels prior to work in all of them. The amounts of Ng detected after work were 0-145 ng/ml, high levels being noted in workers who had frequent exposure to skin absorption. Measurement of changes in blood Ng concentrations and the Ng excretion in urine in three workers during a week revealed no persistent trend in blood Ng concentrations but a tendency to higher Ng concentration in urine was found in the afternoon and in the morning with a higher concentration in the latter half of the week than during the first half. These results suggest the usefulness of the measurement of Ng urinary concentration excretion in the assessment of Ng absorption by the body. The relationship between the blood Ng concentrations in workers engaged in a dynamite factory and the experimental condition in dogs described in the previous report was assessed, and a valuable suggestion concerning further research in the study of chronic exposure to Ng at low concentrations was obtained. PMID- 6795132 TI - Direct effects of carbon monoxide on cardiac function. AB - The direct effects of carbon monoxide (CO) on cardiac function were investigated in hemoglobin-free living rabbits treated with perfluorochemical blood substitutes. After exchange transfusion with a perfluorochemical emulsion, the erythrocyte count was below 10 X 10(4)/mm3 in each animal. Gas mixtures of oxygen with 5%, 10%, and 20% of CO or nitrogen were administered via a respirator. The results showed that the cardiac effects of CO and nitrogen were significantly different as regards changes in arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, and the product of heart rate and systolic arterial pressure in spite of the same oxygen tension in the inhaled gases. It was concluded that there was a direct effect of CO not mediated by hemoglobin. PMID- 6795133 TI - Dichloromethane and carbon monoxide inhalation: carboxyhemoglobin addition, and drug metabolizing enzymes in rat. AB - Male Wistar rats were exposed for 3 h to 100 ppm Co, 1,000 ppm dichloromethane, or to their combination. Exposure to dichloromethane alone or in combination with CO double the ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase activity in the kidney microsomes but not in the liver. An additive effect on blood COHb concentration by simultaneous exposure to CO and dichloromethane was observed. The mechanism of the additive effect is discussed. PMID- 6795134 TI - Effects of gonadotrophin treatment in vivo on testicular function in immature rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Changes in testicular histology and concentrations of testosterone and oestradiol 17 beta in testicular tissue and plasma have been studied following administration of gonadotrophins (oFSH, oLH, hCG and PMSG) to immature male monkeys. Treatment with FSH (1 mg/day) or PMSG (100 IU/day) for five days, induced a marked enlargement of the seminiferous tubules and increase in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Injections of LH (1 mg/daily) or hCG (100 IU/daily) administered similarly, failed to produce hypertrophy of the Sertoli cell. In LH, hCG and PMSG stimulated testes morphologically differentiated interstitial cells could be recognized. FSH did not produce any detectable effect on the intertubular tissue. A significant increase in testicular and plasma testosterone levels was observed with LH, hCG and PMSG. FSH was shown to be much less effective in stimulating androgenesis. An increase in testicular oestradiol production over that of controls, was observed in FSH and PMSG treated monkeys but not in animals treated with LH or hCG. PMID- 6795135 TI - Portable cadmium telluride detectors and their applicability for external measurement of 51Cr-EDTA clearance. PMID- 6795136 TI - The pharmacokinetics of cefadroxil associated with probenecid. AB - The effects of probenecid on the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefadroxil administered in a single dose of 500 mg are studied. The serum and urine levels of the antibiotic were determined by a microbiologic plate diffusion method. The antibiotic follows a single-compartment model. The half-life of cefadroxil in serum has an average value of 1.13 h, rising to 1.63 h when the antibiotic is associated with probenecid. The apparent distribution volume remains unmodified with a value close to 23 liters. The lag time is 0.25 h in the absence of probenecid, rising to 1.029 h in the presence of the uricosuric agent. PMID- 6795137 TI - Variable effects of indomethacin and four related compounds on lymphocyte blastogenesis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. AB - Activation of spleen cell cultures by T-cell mitogens appeared enhanced or suppressed by the presence of some nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs such as indomethacin and indomethacin esters in a dose-dependent fashion. However blastogenesis of B cells by bacterial lipopolysaccharide was inhibited by the same drugs at every concentration tested. In vivo treatment of mice with indomethacin led to an inhibition of both T and B lymphocyte responses to mitogens. Addition of indomethacin to Concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cells from indomethacin-treated mice further inhibited the response to the mitogen. Indomethacin and indomethacin esters induced only a slight inhibition of cell mediated cytotoxic reactions when added to cultures, whereas these reactions were markedly inhibited in spleen cells from indomethacin-treated mice. PMID- 6795138 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a hyperviscosity manifestation of venous stasis retinopathy. AB - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is characterized by hyperviscosity. This is usually the result of an increased serum concentration of IgM molecules; this paraprotein has a high molecular weight and unusual shape. The changes in shear rate associated with increased IgM concentrations produces maximal viscosity in the venous circulation. One of the major causes of retinal venous occlusion is venous stasis retinopathy. The typical patient with this disorder is a young individual with a periphlebitis.. However, the hyperviscosity in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is an ideal representative of a venous stasis that is without associated vascular pathology. To illustrate this situation, two cases are described and their etiologic features are discussed. PMID- 6795141 TI - Nosocomial urinary tract infection: a prospective evaluation of 108 catheterized patients. AB - This study describes the evaluation of 108 patients who had indwelling urethral catheters for acute medical and surgical indications. Patients were evaluated daily, and cultures from bladders and drainage bags were obtained. Appropriateness for continuing catheterization was assessed using preset criteria. Twenty-five patients developed urinary tract infections. Exposure to antibiotics and a shorter duration of catheterization were the only factors that correlated significantly with a delayed onset or decreased prevalence of infection. Factors found to have insignificant effects included age, sex, maintenance of the closed system, underlying host disease status, catheter type, and reason for catheterization. No collection systems with one way valves were used, but significantly colony counts in drainage bag urine preceded urinary tract infection in only two patients. Thirty-six percent of the total 562 catheter days were judged unnecessary. A major emphasis must be placed on prompt catheter removal if the prevalence of nosocomial urinary tract infections is to be reduced substantially in a cost-effective manner. PMID- 6795140 TI - Drug-induced lipidoses of the cornea and conjunctiva. PMID- 6795142 TI - [What is chronic hepatitis?]. PMID- 6795139 TI - Genetics of microphthalmos. AB - This is a survey of the genetics of microphthalmos and the heritable syndromes in which microphthalmos occurs. New syndromes are delineated such as the autosomal dominant anophthalmos-microphthalmos-coloboma syndrome, the autosomal dominant microphthalmos, microcephaly, lacunar retinal atrophy syndrome, the autosomal recessive anophthalmos-microphthalmos-coloboma syndrome, the autosomal recessive syndrome with anophthalmos or microphthalmos and genital malformations, and the autosomal recessive syndrome with microphthalmos, microcephaly and retinal falciform folds. Nanophthalmos is described as a poorly defined phenotype and rejected as a genotype. Several other genetic entities with microphthalmos are reviewed and recent descriptions are surveyed. PMID- 6795143 TI - [Unusual, in the hospital contracted triple hepatitis (NA-NB; A; B). A case report]. PMID- 6795144 TI - [Sexually transmitted multiple infections in the picture of acute hepatitis. A case report]. PMID- 6795145 TI - [Hygienic measures for the prevention and control of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and non-A, non-B hepatitis in general, infection and dialysis stations]. PMID- 6795146 TI - Medical electron microscopy. PMID- 6795147 TI - A fundamental study of regional chemotherapy given by intraarterial infusion with concomitant hemodialysis and hemoperfusion. AB - In the intraarterial infusion of anticancer drugs, the majority of systemic side effects are caused by the systemic circulation of the infused drug. If the extraregional infusate could be removed by hemodialysis (HD) or direct hemoperfusion (DHP), side effects in the intraarterial infusion therapies could be mitigated and regional administration of anticancer drugs in large doses would than be possible. To substantiate this postulate, the authors carried out in vivo experiments using mongrel dogs, and obtained the results evidencing removal of extra regional anticancer drugs by HD and DHP. The maximum mitomycin C clearance of HD was 35.7 ml per min, whereas that of DHP was 119.7 ml per min. The results show the usefulness of concomitant use of HD or DHP in the intraarterial infusion of anticancer drugs via internal iliac artery in the treatment of cancer of the urinary bladder. PMID- 6795148 TI - Cost effectiveness of regionalization-further results for heart surgery. PMID- 6795149 TI - Cytology of aberrations induced by x-rays in oocytes of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Early meiotic stages. PMID- 6795150 TI - Histaminase and its inhibitory factor in guinea pig skin. PMID- 6795152 TI - Localization of carbonic anhydrase in the rat lung. AB - The localization of carbonic anhydrase in the rat lung has been demonstrated, at light and electron microscopic levels, by the cobalt bicarbonate histochemical method of Hansson. Focal deposits of the cobalt sulfide reaction product were found not only in the capillary endothelium of the alveolar walls, but also in the small and large alveolar cells. The histochemical reaction was abolished by two potent inhibitors, acetazolamide (10(-5) to 10(-6) M) and KCNO (5 x 10(-3) to 10 x 10(-3) M). Physiological assay with Maren's method indicated that values for carbonic anhydrase activity in rat lung are 4.4 +/- 0.8 UA/mg of protein, 25.0 +/ 5.5 UA/mg of nitrogen, and 369 +/- 86 UA/g of wet weight. In addition, it was calculated that after fixation in glutaraldehyde-formaldehyde-picric acid about 9% activity is retained. PMID- 6795151 TI - Microfluorometric investigations of chromatin structure. II. Mordant fluorochroming with ions that complex with morin. PMID- 6795153 TI - Human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C. Effects of some fixatives on the antigenicity and improvements in the method of localization. AB - The effects of some alcohol and aldehyde containing fixatives on the antigenicity of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C (HCA C) were tested in order to reveal the most suitable method for the immunohistochemical localization of this enzyme. The use of 2% and 4% paraformaldehyde or 2% glutaraldehyde solutions before immunoperoxidase (PAP) staining resulted in the loss of HCA C-specific reactivity in the surface epithelial cells of human appendicular and gastric mucosae, whereas the antigenic reactivity of HCA C was well retained in the parietal cells of gastric glands. In corresponding tissue sections fixed with one of the alcohol containing solutions (abs. methanol, methanol + chloroform 2:1 or Carnoy fluid) both the surface epithelial and parietal cells showed HCA C-specific immunostaining after the PAP procedure. In addition, the antigenicity of HCA C was found to be well preserved in some tubular cells of human kidney fixed in Carnoy fluid. The paraffin infiltration at relatively low temperature did not markedly affect the enzyme antigenicity. Fixation in Carnoy fluid coupled with paraffin embedding at 55-60 degrees C in vacuo was found to give the best preservation of the antigenicity of HCA C with good morphological integrity for light microscopical localization. PMID- 6795154 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of endogenous peroxidatic activity in mammalian arterial wall. AB - Endogenous peroxidatic activity has been demonstrated at the ultrastructural level in large arteries of rabbit and rat using diaminobenzidine. The reaction was positive in endothelial cells of both species and also in the smooth muscle cells of rat arteries. The reaction product was localized in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum of the reactive cells. Since the enzymatic activity was extremely sensitive to fixation, best visualization was obtained in unfixed, directly incubated tissues in which additional mitochondrial staining occurred due to the activity of endogenous cytochrome c/cytochrome oxidase system. The peroxidatic activity was partially sensitive to cyanide and could be completely abolished by azide and aminotriazole. It has been suggested that the observed endogenous peroxidatic activity of the arterial wall components reflects the activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and, indirectly, production of prostacyclin (PGI2). PMID- 6795155 TI - "In situ"--measurements of protein contents in the brush border region along rat jejunal villi and their correlations with four enzyme activities. AB - In order to quantify the amount of protein in the small intestinal brush border region at different villus sites, cryostat sections of adult rat jejunum were stained with Naphthol Yellow S, Dinitrofluorobenzene and Coomassie Brilliant Blue and the dye deposits were evaluated cytophotometrically. Judged by the absorbance spectra in the tissue sections and the increase in absorbance as a function of the optical pathway (section thickness), Naphthol Yellow S proved to be the most suitable quantitative protein stain. By continuously measuring the absorbance of this dye at lambda 440 nm rectangular to the villus in the longitudinal axis of the enterocytes, a peak was registered in the brush border region which clearly could be differentiated from the apical cytoplasm. The amount of protein in the brush border region was determined at six different positions equally distributed along the villus. In parallel four brush border enzymes (neutral alpha and beta glucosidase, unspecific alkaline phosphatase and dipeptidylpeptidase IV) were quantified by the same measuring technique in the Vmax-range of their substrate hydrolysis at equivalent villus positions. Their activities were correlated to the amount of protein. The absorbance data both for protein and for enzyme activities were significantly influenced by the villus position. They revealed an increasing gradient from the basal to the apical villus. In an additional analysis of the breadth of the dye deposits at the different measuring positions on the villus, it was shown that this parameter also ran parallel with the absorbance values. PMID- 6795156 TI - Management of stage II glottic cancer. PMID- 6795157 TI - Fast neutron irradiation for advanced tumors in the pelvis. PMID- 6795158 TI - Results of fast neutron teletherapy for locally advanced head and neck tumors. PMID- 6795159 TI - Fast neutron therapy for locally advanced sarcomas. PMID- 6795160 TI - Accuracy of delivered dose in pelvic irradiation. PMID- 6795162 TI - Effect of O2 and CO2 in N2, He, and SF6 on chick embryo blood pressure and heart rate. AB - Arterial pressure of chick embryos was measured electromanometrically to investigate the effect of altered gaseous environments on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). The experiments were made in eggs incubated for 14-16 days at 38 degrees C without impeding the diffusive respiratory gas exchange through the shell and chorioallantois. In air, the HR was counted 260-270 beats/min and the BP increased from 14/7 Torr at day 14 to 21/12 Torr at day 16. Both the BP and HR decreased with hypoxia, whereas hyperoxia affected a slight increase in BP and little change in HR. Hypercapnia decreased the HR and tended to enhance a systolic maximum pressure. The effect of hypoxia was augmented markedly in the presence of hypercapnia and vice versa. When N2 was replaced with helium (He), the effect of hypoxia was mitigated significantly. On the contrary, replacement of N2 with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) augmented the effect of hypoxia. Because the respiratory gas exchange of the egg takes place by diffusion through the shell and chorioallantoic capillaries, the effect of He and SF6 atmospheres on BP and HR is attributed to an altered diffusivity of O2 and CO2 in these inert gases. PMID- 6795161 TI - An analysis of the severe complications of irradiation of carcinoma of the uterine cervix: treatment with intracavitary radium and parametrial irradiation. PMID- 6795163 TI - A combined transcutaneous PO2-PCO2 electrode with electrochemical HCO3- stabilization. AB - Combined transcutaneous PO2-PCO2 electrodes are described in which the interaction between the two electrodes due to OH- production at the O2 cathode has been eliminated. An anode of either anodized aluminum or platinum has been driven at a current equal to cathode current to force stoichiometric consumption of OH- at its rate of production. The AgCl reference electrode operates at zero current. O2 sensitivity was not significantly altered by electrolyte pH variation from 6.7 to 9.0 with variations by PCO2. These electrodes have been found stable both with and without spacers, and with electrolytes dissolved in 50-100% ethylene glycol. In 22 anesthetized patients, with electrode temperature of 43 degrees C (s refers to skin surface, a to arterial blood); PsO2 = 0.52PaO2 + 15 (range 54-300) (r = 0.66; Sy . x = 29.6; n = 46); and PsCO2 = 1.39PaCO2 + 2.1 (range 24-98) (r = 0.99; Sy . x = 2.28; n = 48). PMID- 6795164 TI - Effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on respiratory and metabolic responses to exercise. AB - The responses to oral propranolol (80 mg) and placebo were compared in normal subjects during three studies on a cycle ergometer (progressive exercise and two 5-min constant work rate studies at 50 and 70% maximum). Heart rate (HR), ventilation (VE), CO2 output (VCO2) and O2 uptake (VO2) were measured in each study and metabolites in venous blood in the 70% study. Propranolol reduced HR in all studies and endurance time during progressive exercise. During constant-work rate exercise the changes with propranolol depended on time and work rate. At 50% max, VO2, VCO2, and VE were reduced in early exercise but were similar by min 5. At 70% max, VO2 and VCO2 were again lower initially with propranolol but then rose more rapidly. By min 5 VE was greater with propranolol, coinciding with a rapidly rising venous lactate. We interpret the initial reduction in VO2 and VCO2 to reduced cardiac output and muscle perfusion with propranolol. The resulting increase in anaerobic metabolism during heavy exercise would explain the increased VE at min 5. The metabolic data are compatible with glycogen being the predominant muscle fuel. PMID- 6795165 TI - Role of perfusion and diffusion in 14CO2 exchange in the rabbit lung. AB - The rate of transfer of H14CO-3 and 14CO2 from the alveoli to the capillaries was studied in rabbit lungs perfused without erythrocytes. Aliquots of 0.5 ml of buffered solutions containing these 14C indicators and 3H2) were injected into the distal airways, and the recoveries of 14C and 3H were compared in the left atrial outflow. It was assumed that 3H2O had equilibrated between the alveoli and fluid leaving the pulmonary capillaries, and a decline in the initial 14C recovery relative to that of 3H was attributed to incomplete equilibration of 14C between these compartments. No disequilibrium of 14C could be detected at pH 7.4 when excess carbonic anhydrase was present. When the pH was increased to 8.4, 14C equilibration was only 69% complete at 36 ml/min and 41% complete at 160 ml/min. Confirmatory evidence was obtained that carbonic anhydrase is associated with the endothelial side of the alveolar-capillary barrier but is absent on the epithelial surface. The data suggest that the barrier is at least 600 times more permeable to 14CO2 than to H14CO-3, and diffusion of 14CO2 would not limit exchange at normal pH unless pulmonary flow reached extremely high values. PMID- 6795166 TI - Respiratory responses in reversible diaphragm paralysis. AB - The effects of diaphragm paralysis on respiratory activity were assessed in 13 anesthetized, spontaneously breathing dogs studied in the supine position. Transient diaphragmatic paralysis was induced by bilateral phrenic nerve cooling. Respiratory activity was assessed from measurements of ventilation and from the moving time averages of electrical activity recorded from the intercostal muscles and the central end of the fifth cervical root of the phrenic nerve. The degree of diaphragm paralysis was evaluated from changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure and reflected in rib cage and abdominal displacements. Animals were studied both before and after vagotomy breathing O2, 3.5% CO2 in O2, or 7% CO2 in O2. In dogs with intact vagi, both peak and rate of rise of phrenic and inspiratory intercostal electrical activity increased progressively as transdiaphragmatic pressure fell. Tidal volume decreased and breathing frequency increased as a result of a shortening in expiratory time. Inspiratory time and ventilation were unchanged by diaphragm paralysis. These findings were the same whether O2 or CO2 in O2 was breathed. After vagotomy, no significant change in phrenic or inspiratory intercostal activity occurred with diaphragm paralysis in spite of increased arterial CO2 partial pressure. Ventilation and tidal volume decreased significantly, and respiratory timing was unchanged. These results suggest that mechanisms mediated by the vagus nerves account for the compensatory increase in respiratory electrical activity during transient diaphragm paralysis. That inspiratory time is unchanged by diaphragm paralysis whereas the rate or rise of phrenic nerve activity increases suggest that reflexes other than the Hering Breuer reflex contribute to the increased respiratory response. PMID- 6795167 TI - Occlusion pressures during the ventilatory response to hypoxemia in the newborn monkey. AB - End-expiratory airway occlusions were performed in eight unanesthetized premature newborn monkeys during acute hypoxemia to investigate mechanisms involved in the newborn's biphasic ventilatory response to hypoxia. Two-day-old monkeys demonstrated an immediate increase in minute ventilation (VI) and a decrease in PaCO2 followed within 5 min by a return of VI and PaCO2 to base-line levels. The decline in VI was associated with a decrease in tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory flow (VT/TI) and an increase in respiratory frequency. Occlusion pressures (PO.2) remained elevated throughout the hypoxic stimulus, and end-expiratory lung volume increased during the late response. "Effective" impedance (P0.1/V0.1, P0.2/V0.2, etc.) and "effective" elastance (Pmax/VT) were also elevated. At 21 days of age, the monkeys demonstrated a sustained ventilatory response as VI, VT, VT/TI, and P0.2 remained elevated throughout the period of hypoxemia. End-expiratory lung volume increases as on day 2, but effective impedance and effective elastance did not change. These data suggest that the biphasic response to hypoxia in the newborn may result from a change in respiratory timing and an alteration in respiratory mechanics and is not due to a decrease in central respiratory drive. PMID- 6795168 TI - Role of histamine in regulating pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity. AB - The profile of histamine responsiveness of the pulmonary circulation and the role of endogenous histamine in regulating pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity were studied using the isolated perfused feline pulmonary circulation. Repetitive cumulative dose-response curves demonstrated a progressive decline in the response of the pulmonary circulation to histamine. The present studies also demonstrated elaboration of histamine by the perfused feline lung, and showed that decreasing this elaboration by mast-cell stabilization with cromolyn sodium (disodium cromoglycate, DSCG) had no significant effect on pulmonary vascular tone but resulted in greater lobar vasoconstriction to infused histamine. In contrast, DSCG had no significant effect on the pulmonary pressor response to serotonin, norepinephrine, hypoxia, and hypercapnia. These data suggest that 1) pulmonary; vascular tachyphylaxis occurs with exogenously infused histamine; 2) the withdrawal of endogenous histamine results in greater pulmonary vasoconstriction to exogenously infused histamine; an 3) the histamine release, which was prevented by DSCG, has no role in mediating pulmonary hypoxic or hypercapnic vasoconstriction in the cat. PMID- 6795169 TI - Penicillin sulphoxide metabolite: X-ray structure of a novel 1,4-dihydrothiazine containing derivative. PMID- 6795170 TI - Ovarian function in the cycling cow: relationship between gonadotropin binding to theca and granulosa and steroidogenesis in individual follicles. AB - Thirty-six Angus and Angus crossbred cows were used in a 3 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment designed to determine the effects of stage of the estrous cycle (day 6, 12 or 18), a long term with a single ovary (2 years) and side of previous ovulation or remaining ovary on the development of large ovarian follicles (LF; diameter greater than or equal to 8 mm). Follicular fluid estradiol-17 beta (FFE) concentration, localization of gonadotropin binding sites and granulosa cell condition were determined for each LF by radioimmunoassay, autoradiography and histological examination, respectively. No side differences were noted. However, the sample was biased by the use of equal numbers of left and right side ovulators. Compared to intact controls, one-ovary cows showed 100% compensation of LF development. Eighty-five percent of the LF studied bound follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the granulosa and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the theca. Thirty-eight percent also bound hCG in the granulosa. Both binding patterns were found on all days studied. Atretic follicles had lower (P less than .05) FFE concentrations than healthy follicles (r = -.59). The number of LF per cow increased (P less than .05) from day 6 (1.3) to days 12 (1.8) and 18 (2.1). Conversely, their FFE content per cow decreased (P less than .05) from 109 ng/cow on day 6 to 20 ng on; day 12 and 34 ng on day 18. The data suggested the emergency of two LF classes on day 18, one preovulatory, with exceptionally high FFE levels, the other atretic or becoming atretic, with low FFE levels. PMID- 6795171 TI - Sensitivity and resistance to growth promoting agents in animal lactobacilli. PMID- 6795172 TI - Potassium fluxes on hyperosmotic shock and the effect of phenol and bronopol (2 bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol) on deplasmolysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6795173 TI - Observations on infections associated with South Wales natural waters. PMID- 6795174 TI - Aminoglycoside uptake and mode of action--with special reference to streptomycin and gentamicin. I. Antagonists and mutants. PMID- 6795175 TI - [A transitional form of cheirolumbar dysostosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795176 TI - Use of lipophilic cation-permeable mutants for measurement of transmembrane electrical potential in metabolizing cells of Escherichia coli. AB - Some lipopolysaccharide-defective mutants of Escherichia coli showed, without ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment, a quick and high uptake of lipophilic cations such as triphenylmethylphosphonium and tetraphenylphosphonium. The rate and amount of uptake were comparable to those of an ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-treated wild type. Transmembrane electrical potential, which was calculated from the distribution of these lipophilic cations between the inside and outside of the mutant cells, was about -150 mV at pH 7.5 and showed a strong dependency on the external pH. One of the E. coli mutants, the acrA mutant, was found to be also permeable to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an H+-adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor, and 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate, a fluorescent dye. The acrA mutant was vigorously motile and highly sensitive to many bacteriophages and colicins. Thus, the acrA mutant is quite useful for the quantitative measurement of transmembrane electrical potential by lipophilic cations in intact and metabolizing cells especially in relation to motility and actions of colicins and bacteriophages. PMID- 6795177 TI - Increased outer membrane resistance to ethylenediaminetetraacetate and cations in novel lipid A mutants. AB - Polymyxin-resistant pmrA mutants of Salmonella typhimurium differed from their parents in that they were resistant to tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ethylenediaminetetraacetate-lysozyme, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ethylenediaminetetraacetate-deoxycholate, and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ethylenediaminetetraacetate-bacitracin. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane ethylenediaminetetraacetate released about 50% less lipopolysaccharide from the pmrA strains than from the parental strains when the bacteria were grown in L broth containing 2 mM Ca2+. Protamine, polylysine, octapeptin, benzalkonium chloride, cold NaCl, cold MgCl2, or cold tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride (pH 7.2) caused no leakage or markedly less leakage of periplasmic beta-lactamase from a pmrA mutant than from its parent strain. pmrA mutants were more resistant than their parent strains to protamine and polylysine but not to octapeptin or benzalkonium chloride, as measured by the ability of these agents to kill the bacteria or to sensitize them to deoxycholate-induced lysis. The pmrA strains did not differ from their parent strains in sensitivity to several antibiotics, in porin function (as measured by cephaloridine diffusion across the outer membrane), or in outer membrane-associated phospholipase A activity. PMID- 6795179 TI - Inhibition of Bacillus cereus spore outgrowth by covalent modification of a sulfhydryl group by nitrosothiol and iodoacetate. AB - Nitrosothiols with the general structure RSN==O were studied as a model system of bacteriostatic action toward outgrowing bacterial spores. With a Taft plot analysis, the influence of the structure of the R group on the inhibitory effectiveness of a series of nitrosothiols showed that effectiveness as an inhibitor of Bacillus cereus T outgrowth correlated with the electron withdrawal of R, but that size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and transportability had little influence. This was interpreted to mean that nitrosothiols do not traverse the membrane to act. The Taft plot together with competition data between nitrosothiol and iodoacetate indicated that the mode of nitrosothiol action is the covalent modification of a sulfhydryl group, probably to form RSN(OH)--SX, where --SX is derived from a sensitive spore sulfhydryl group. Cooperativity effects indicated that outgrowth inhibition is accompanied by a conformational change occurring upon sulfhydryl group modification, which is communicated among at least three to five subunits. Uptake of label during spore germination indicated that most of the sulfhydryl groups which can be modified are associated with the inhibitory event. These data suggest that this sulfhydryl group may be sufficiently unique that inhibitors designed to interfere specifically with it could have value as bacteriostatic agents. PMID- 6795178 TI - Cell wall synthesis and initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication in Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have observed a connection between cell wall synthesis and the initiation of chromosome replication in Bacillus subtilis. Initiation of chromosome replication was prevented in synchronous cultures in the presence of the cell wall synthesis inhibitor vancomycin. When vancomycin was added to the cultures after initiation of chromosome replication, one round of replication was completed but no reinitiation occurred. Similar results were obtained when cell wall synthesis was inhibited by ristocetin, cycloserine, cloxacillin, or cephaloridine. When sucrose was added to the medium, initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication occurred in the presence of vancomycin, to an extent which allowed replication of no more than approximately one-half of the deoxyribonucleic acid of the culture. The same was found in cultures of spheroplasts of B. subtilis. However, initiation of chromosome replication in spheroplasts was completely insensitive to cloxacillin. PMID- 6795180 TI - Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is independent of membrane fatty acid composition. AB - Growth and sporulation of a Bacillus subtilis mutant deficient in branched fatty acid synthesis (gene symbol bfmB) were examined. The mutant, which produces an acyl-coenzyme A:acyl carrier protein transacylase with reduced affinity for branched fatty acid primers, could grow in media containing any one of a wide range of low-molecular-weight fatty acids having branched, cyclic, saturated, or unsaturated carbon chains. The fatty acid composition of cellular lipids depended on the compound used to support growth. Cultures of the bfmB mutant grown in the presence of 3-methylcrotonate contained an unusually high fraction (73%) of straight-chain fatty acids in the cellular lipids. The mutant sporulated with any one of the precursors of branched fatty acids in the medium; isolated spores contained mainly this branched fatty acid and only 10% or less straight-chain fatty acids regardless of the straight-chain fatty acid content of vegetative cells. Exceptional were spores grown in the presence of cyclobutane-carboxylic acid, which contained 28% straight-chain fatty acids. The branched fatty acid composition of spores could be modified greatly by changing the supply of precursors in the medium. PMID- 6795181 TI - Ferrisiderophore reductase activity associated with an aromatic biosynthetic enzyme complex in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The cytoplasmic fractions obtained from Bacillus subtilis strains W168 and WB2802 catalyzed reductive release of iron from the ferric chelate of 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (ferri-DHB), the ferrisiderophore produced by B. subtilis. Ferrisiderophore reductase activity may insert iron into metabolism. This activity required a reductant (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was preferred), was oxygen sensitive, and was stimulated by flavin mononucleotide plus certain divalent cations. The cytoplasmic fractions also reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol; this reaction was stimulated by flavin mononucleotide plus a divalent cation. Ferri-DHB and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activities were copurified by phosphocellulose and diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified material revealed that both ferri-DHB and 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reductase activities were located in a protein band at Rf 0.75. The chromatographic procedures purified a reductase known to be associated with two aromatic biosynthetic enzymes, chorismate synthase and dehydroquinate synthase. Therefore, a portion of the ferrisiderophore reductase activity in B. subtilis may be catalyzed by a reductase that also is essential for aromatic biosynthesis. PMID- 6795182 TI - Genetic mapping of a linked cluster of ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene set consisting of genes for 16S, 23S, 5S, and 4S ribonucleic acid species has been genetically mapped to a position between the markers recG13 and abrB74 on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and designated rrnA. A ribosomal mutation, ksgA, was found to be linked to rrnA. This places rrnA in a region of the chromosome where ribosome-related genes occur but that is not directly adjacent to the major cluster of ribosome-related markers. PMID- 6795184 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid methylation in mycobacteria. AB - Deoxyribonucleic acid modification in six strains of mycobacteria was investigated. The presence of 5-methylcytosine in the virulent strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and its absence in the avirulent strain M. tuberculosis H37Ra and other saprophytic, fast-growing mycobacteria appear to be the salient features. However, deoxyribonucleic acid from M. smegmatis SN2 lysogenized with the temperature phage I3 showed the presence of 5 methylcytosine. All of the strains had N6-methyladenine. PMID- 6795183 TI - Development-specific protein S of Myxococcus xanthus: purification and characterization. AB - Protein S, a development-specific protein of Myxococcus xanthus, was purified from the cells of a late stage of development and crystallized. Its circular dichroism spectra indicated that protein S had a high content of beta-structure in both the presence and absence of calcium ion, which is required for self assembly of protein S on the myxospore surface. Its amino and carboxyl terminal sequences were determined to be alanine-aspartic acid-isoleucine-glycine-valine alanine-methionine-asparagine-asparagine-aspartic acid-threonine-serine-serine and isoleucine-arginine (isoleucine, serine), respectively. When protein S (molecular weight, 23,000) was digested with trypsin, a trypsin-resistant core of 10,000 molecular weight was obtained. The core peptide was purified, and its amino acid composition was compared with that of protein S. The core peptide was capable of self-assembly on the spore surface in the presence of calcium ion and competed with protein S for binding on the spore surface. The ratio of affinity to the spore surface for protein S to that for the core peptide was 1.55. PMID- 6795185 TI - Renal function monitoring in patients receiving lithium carbonate. AB - As a screening test for renal function, urine concentration was measured following a 12-hour overnight fast in 54 outpatients taking lithium carbonate and 19 patients receiving antidepressant drugs. A significantly greater percentage of lithium patients failed to achieve a maximum urine concentration of 600 mOsm/kg (63% versus 33% in the antidepressant group, p less than .001). This level, a compromise between the sensitivity and specificity of the test, is viewed as a cutoff point for further testing. It is concluded that urine concentration testing is a feasible first-line screen for renal function among lithium-treated patients. Other preliminary studies include routine urinalysis, serum creatinine determination, and estimated creatinine clearance. Second-line testing includes a repeated dehydration test and administration of DDAVP. PMID- 6795186 TI - Purification and characterization of cytosolic and mitochondrial serine hydroxymethyltransferases from rat liver. AB - The cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of serine hydroxymethyltransferase [EC 2.1.2.1] were purified to homogeneity from a whole homogenate of rat liver without the prior separation of mitochondria. The molecular weight of the cytosolic enzyme was 230,000, and that of the mitochondrial enzyme was 200,000. Each of the isozymes contained 4 mol of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mol. Tryptic peptide analyses of the NaBH4-reduced and carboxymethylated isozymes showed that each contained a single peptide containing phosphopyridoxyllysine. The numbers of peptides obtained were about one-fourth of those expected from their contents of lysine plus arginine residues. These findings together with the identity of subunit molecular weight indicate that each of the isozymes is composed of 4 identical polypeptide chains. The isoelectric pH values of the cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymes were 4.95 and 5.30, respectively. Other differences between the isozymes include the amino acid composition, stability of the apoenzyme, reactivity toward L-allothreonine, and immunochemical properties. PMID- 6795187 TI - Structures of heterooligosaccharides synthesized by levansucrase. AB - In the presence of excess amounts of various monosaccharides as acceptors, Bacillus subtilis levansucrase synthesized various heterooligosaccharides as a result of transfer of the fructosyl residue from sucrose. The saccharides produced in the presence of D-glucose, D-mannose, and D-xylose were all non reducing disaccharides and were identified as beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-D glucopyranoside (sucrose), beta-D-fructo-furanosyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside (mannosucrose), and beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-xylopyranoside (xylsucrose), respectively. The saccharides produced in the presence of D-galactose were also non-reducing, but consisted of di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides. The di- and trisaccharides were galsucrose and 6F-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-galsucrose. The saccharide synthesized in the presence of L-arabinose was a reducing saccharide and was determined to be 4-O-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-L-arabinose. In the presence of D-fructose, several reducing levan oligomers, levanbiose, levantriose, levantetraose, etc., were produced, which were not observed in the synthesis of levan from sucrose alone. PMID- 6795188 TI - Administration of exogenous queuine is essential for the biosynthesis of the queuosine-containing transfer RNAs in the mouse. AB - 1. Normal mouse liver contains predominantly tRNA that contains queuosine in the first position of the anticodon ((Q+)tRNA). 2. Germ-free mice fed a chemically defined diet devoid of queuine for 1 year have no queuine in all four of the tRNAs that respond to the NAUC codons. 3. The synthesis of (Q+)tRNAs can be induced by injecting queuine, feeding free queuine, or by feeding (Q+)tRNA. 4. When mice that have no (Q+)tRNA are titrated with exogenous queuine, tRNAAsp is modified to the (Q+) state before tRNAHis. PMID- 6795190 TI - Aldosterone-induced proteins in toad urinary bladders. Identification and characterization using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport is mediated by new protein synthesis, but the identification of specific aldosterone-induced proteins (AIPs) has proven difficult and the cellular function of such proteins is unknown. Using high resolution two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography we have identified AIPs of similar isoelectric points (5.8 to 6.4) and molecular weights (70,000 to 80,000) in membrane-rich and cytosolic subcellular fractions of epithelial cells derived from single toad urinary bladders. The ability of actinomycin D to inhibit both AIP synthesis and aldosterone-induced Na+ transport is consistent with a role for these proteins in the natriferic action of aldosterone. In addition, since non-natriferic concentrations of cortisol did not induce similar proteins, AIP synthesis appears to be mineralocorticoid-specific. The relationship of AIP synthesis to Na+ transport was also studied. Since amiloride, which blocks Na+ transport in high resistance epithelia, did not affect the synthesis of these proteins, Na+ transport is not required for their synthesis. In addition, similar proteins were not induced when Na+ transport was stimulated by antidiuretic hormone and theophylline. Consequently, AIP synthesis is not merely a nonspecific consequence of the cellular metabolic changes associated with Na+ transport. PMID- 6795189 TI - Regulation of malic enzyme and mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase by thyroid hormones, insulin, and glucocorticoids in cultured hepatocytes. AB - Hepatocytes isolated from normal adult rats were cultured under serum-free conditions. Induction of mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) (EC 1.1.99.5; sn-glycerol-3-phosphate: (acceptor) oxidoreductase) and cytosolic malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40; L-malate NADP+ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)) by 3,3'-5-triiodo-L-thyronine (triiodothyronine) in the culture medium follows the same time course as the in vivo response to thyroid hormones. The addition of 1 microM cycloheximide blocks the triiodothyronine response. Thyroxine is also capable of stimulating the activities of both enzymes. Although increases in alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities are observed when triiodothyronine is added to the culture medium for 3 days (62% and 36%, respectively), in the presence of insulin and cortisol the response is significantly greater. Dexamethasone is more potent than cortisol in increasing triiodothyronine action. In the presence of bovine serum albumin, to prevent metabolism of triiodothyronine, hepatocytes show increased enzyme activity at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M triiodothyronine. PMID- 6795191 TI - J chain is covalently bound to both monomer subunits in human secretory IgA. AB - Previous work has established that the secretory component (SC) in human secretory IgA is covalently linked to only one of the two IgA monomer subunits, but it has not been clear whether the J chain is covalently linked to one or to both of these subunits. In view of the asymmetry in the disulfide bonding between SC and the IgA subunits, an arrangement which follows disulfide interchange, several models for the disulfide linkage of J chain and the bonds between IgA subunits were envisaged and investigated. When sIgA was gel filtered through Sephadex G-200 in acetic acid, a single major symmetrical peak eluted at the front. This material contained SC, alpha and L chains, and all of the J chain. The greater resolution afforded by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in detergent confirmed that human sIgA contains no major noncovalently linked components in the 150,000-200,000 molecular weight range. In another series of experiments the Fc monomer, which is not covalently attached to SC, isolated after treatment of sIgA with IgA protease and cyanogen bromide, was investigated to learn whether alpha chain COOH-terminal octapeptides could be released by reduction. The results were negative. The available data thus favor a model in which J chain is disulfide-bonded to both IgA monomer subunits in sIgA. PMID- 6795192 TI - Easily releasable myofilaments from skeletal and cardiac muscles maintained in vitro. Role in myofibrillar assembly and turnover. AB - Gentle treatment with an ATP-containing relaxing solution of isolated myofibrils from rat diaphragm, soleus, extensor digitorum longus, and left atria maintained in vitro releases a small amount of myofilaments constituting less than 5% of total myofibrillar protein. Successive extraction of myofibrils produced little further filament release. Releasable myofilaments lack alpha-actinin (Mr = 95,000), certain very high molecular weight proteins (greater than 200,000), and possibly M-line protein but contain other myofibrillar proteins. After pulse labeling with [3H]leucine for 8 min, specific activity of the myosin heavy chain in the easily releasable myofilaments is 3-6 times higher than the specific activity of myosin heavy chain in the residual myofibrils, although 85-90% of total label is in the myofibrillar myosin. In the absence of protein synthesis, releasable filament specific activity decreases, with a half-time of 60-90 min, to that of the myofibrillar myosin. This labeling pattern appears inconsistent with a simple precursor-product relationship between releasable filaments and myofibrils suggesting that the filaments originate largely from myofibrils. Preincubation of muscles with several factors known to decrease proteolysis, i.e. passive stretch, leupeptin, colchicine, and cycloheximide, reduced the size of the releasable filament fraction. Treatment of muscles with the calcium ionophore A23187, which accelerates proteolysis, and pretreatment of myofibrils with either trypsin or calcium-dependent protease increased filament release. Therefore, the releasable filament fraction may contain intermediates in the breakdown of myofibrils. The labeling kinetics may indicate a mixing of myofilaments within myofibrils which functions in the movement of contractile protein to its possible site of degradation, i.e. the myofibrillar surface. PMID- 6795193 TI - Characterization of the subunit structure of pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas citronellolis. AB - Pyruvate carboxylase from Pseudomonas citronellolis is composed of non-identical subunits which include a larger biotin-containing polypeptide (alpha) of Mr = 65,000, and a smaller biotin-free polypeptide (beta) of Mr = 54,000. We have investigated these two polypeptides by analyzing their amino acid composition, cyanogen bromide peptide maps, and immunochemistry. The results showed that the subunits of the enzyme have quite different properties. Antibodies prepared against the polypeptides were used as probes of the catalytic functions of the subunits. Immunotitration studies indicated that only anti-alpha inhibited enzyme activity. The antibiotin fraction of this antibody population was removed by passage through biotin-Sepharose (anti-alpha'). Titration curves using anti alpha' showed identical inhibition when total pyruvate carboxylase activity, ATP/Pi exchange activity, and pyruvate/oxalacetate exchange activity were measured, suggesting that both active sites are located on the alpha polypeptide. The arrangement of the subunits in the quaternary structure was investigated by means of the surface probe carbonic anhydrase linked to toluene isocyanate, and by partial digestion experiments with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and pronase. The results indicated that the alpha polypeptides are on the outside of the molecule and the beta polypeptides are the internal subunits. PMID- 6795194 TI - Lysine and tyrosine in the NADH inhibitory site of bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6795195 TI - Purification of human midcycle cervical mucin and characterization of its oligosaccharides with respect to size, composition, and microheterogeneity. AB - Human cervical mucin was solubilized from the gel phase of pooled midcycle cervical mucus using 6 M guanidine hydrochloride and 10 mM dithiothreitol and was then alkylated with iodoacetamide. Mucin was then purified by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-50m resin in buffer containing 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The purified mucin gave a single band upon electrophoresis in either 5% acrylamide or 1% agarose gels. Protein comprised 21% of the glycoprotein by weight and amino acid analysis revealed a high content of Ser and Thr. Saccharide analysis yielded approximate molar ratios of Fuc:Gal:GlcNAc:GalNAc:NeuAc = 1:2:1:1:0.5. Inorganic sulfate, 1% by weight, was detected, but mannose was absent. Reductive alkali treatment of mucin resulted in release of oligosaccharides with concomitant conversion of 77% of GalNAc to its reduced derivative N-acetylgalactosaminitol (GalNAcol) thus demonstrating O-glycosidic linkage of GalNAc to protein. Reduced oligosaccharides were purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, paper chromatography, and high resolution gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-2 resin. A total of 16 reduced oligosaccharides were identified by thin layer chromatography. These included neutral, sialylated, and sulfated oligosaccharides and they varied in size from a disaccharide to a nonasaccharide. The major neutral oligosaccharide isolated (21% of recovered GalNAcol) was a tetrasaccharide, Gal:GlcNAc:GalNAcol = 2:1:1, and the major acidic oligosaccharide isolated (11% of recovered GalNAcol) was a trisaccharide, Gal:GalNAcol:NeuAc = 1:1:1. PMID- 6795196 TI - Lysophosphatidic acid potentiates the thrombin-induced production of arachidonate metabolites in platelets. AB - Concentrations (1 to 20 microM) of 1-oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid which alone do not affect platelet metabolism of arachidonic acid, do augment the effects of suboptimal concentrations of thrombin on the formation of [14C]phosphatidic acid and the production of [14C]arachidonate metabolites from platelets prelabeled with [14C]arachidonate. The effect on [14C]phosphatidate occurs with concentrations of thrombin (0.1 unit/ml) which are lower than those (0.2 unit/ml) needed to observe the effects on [14C]arachidonate metabolites. The effect of 1 oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (10 microM) plus thrombin (0.2 unit/ml) on the formation of phosphatidic acid temporally precedes the production of arachidonate metabolites consistent with a sequential activation of phosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 activities. Preincubation of platelets with (32P)orthophosphate shows that the phosphatidic acid formed by 1 oleoyl-lysophosphatidic acid (10 microM) plus thrombin (0.2 unit/ml) is derived from phosphatidylinositol. The Ca2+-ionophoretic properties of lysophosphatidic acid might explain the accumulation of phosphatidic acid since Ca2+ prevents the conversion of phosphatidic acid to phosphatidylinositol. That effect of lysophosphatidic acid is inhibited by prostacyclin, possibly through a cyclic-AMP mediated effect on calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6795197 TI - DNA binding by dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. AB - The protein-dependent retention of double-stranded DNA molecules on nitrocellulose filters has been used to show that pure dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei has affinity for DNA. Dihydrofolate reductase will bind to end-labeled linear double-stranded DNA and to DNA in supercoiled form. Coenzymes and certain inhibitors do not affect the affinity of the protein to DNA, indicating that the DNA-binding region of the protein is distinct from the binding sites for these molecules. Comparison of the retention on filters by dihydrofolate reductase of two plasmid DNAs, differing only in a 3000-base pair insert containing the L. casei gene for dihydrofolate reductase, showed that in the presence of this DNA region lower concentrations of the protein were required to give significant retention; it is possible that a specific DNA-protein interaction underlies this effect. This presents the possibility of studying the interaction with DNA of a protein for which a crystal structure and considerable nuclear magnetic resonance data are already available. PMID- 6795198 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification, properties, and regulation of activity. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase has been purified 1,500-fold to homogeneity from a spe2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lacks S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and is derepressed for ornithine decarboxylase. The ornithine decarboxylase is a single polypeptide (Mr = 68,000) and requires a thiol and pyridoxal phosphate for activity. Addition of 10(-4) M spermidine and 10(-4) M spermine to the growth medium reduces the activity of the enzyme by 90% in 4 h. However, immunoprecipitation studies showed that the extracts of polyamine-treated cells contain as much enzyme protein as normal cell extracts. This loss of ornithine decarboxylase activity is probably due to a post-translational modification of enzyme protein because we found no evidence for any inhibitor of activity in the polyamine-treated cells. PMID- 6795199 TI - The role of glutathione turnover in the apparent renal secretion of cystine. AB - Previous studies with cystinuric dogs and humans have demonstrated that the amount of cystine excreted in the urine is, in some cases, larger than the amount of cystine removed from the plasma by glomerular filtration. It was concluded that the kidney must secrete cystine into the renal tubule. The present studies indicate that renal glutathione turnover constitutes a mechanism of cystine secretion which may account for a large fraction of the cystine burden in the mouse renal tubule. Mice administered L-arginine or L-lysine, inhibitors of cystine transport, excrete large amounts of cystine in their urine (approximately 15 mumol of cystine/mg of creatine). If the mice are pretreated with buthionine sulfoximine, an inhibitor of glutathione biosynthesis, glutathione turnover is substantially decreased, and the arginine- or lysine-induced cystinuria is reduced by 43 to 55%. The plasma cystine concentration following arginine or lysine administration is reduced less than 15% by buthionine sulfoximine. These findings suggest the in vivo operation of a cycle in which glutathione, synthesized from cysteine intracellularly, is transported into the tubule and oxidized to glutathione disulfide. Subsequent breakdown of glutathione disulfide by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and dipeptidase releases cystine within the tubule. In the absence of cystine transport defects or inhibitors, cystine is reabsorbed and reduced intracellularly to cysteine. PMID- 6795200 TI - Transmembrane nature of chromaffin granule dopamine beta-monooxygenase. AB - The topographical arrangement of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase in the chromaffin granule was investigated by proteolytic treatment and radiolabeling of intact granules or the isolated granule membranes. Topographical analysis was furthered by precipitating detergent extracts of treated membranes with specific antibodies to dopamine beta-monooxygenase, followed by electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitate in acrylamide-dodecyl sulfate. Trypsin or pronase treatment of intact granules cleaved small portions of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase, resulting in proteins with slightly lower molecular weights. Membranes bearing these smaller forms of membrane-bound dopamine beta monooxygenase were fully active enzymatically. Pronase treatment of isolated membranes cleaved all of the membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase antigenic sites from the membrane and also removed the enzymatic activity. Lactoperoxidase catalyzed iodination revealed that membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase can be labeled in intact granules, but to a greater extent in isolated membranes. Quantitative peptide mapping showed that the distribution of label among tryptic peptides of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase differed, depending on whether intact granules or isolated membranes had been labeled. The results of these experiments provide evidence that membrane-bound dopamine beta monooxygenase is a transmembrane protein which has its active site exclusively on the intragranular face, plus a unique portion of its polypeptide chain exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the intact granule. PMID- 6795201 TI - Early changes in phosphatidylinositol and arachidonic acid metabolism in quiescent swiss 3T3 cells stimulated to divide by platelet-derived growth factor. AB - We added platelet-derived growth factor to cultures of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells to investigate early changes in lipid metabolism related to initiation of cell cycle traverse. In a series of experiments that focused on lipid degradation we added the growth factor to cells that had been prelabeled with myoinositol, glycerol, or arachidonic acid. We observed the following mitogen-dependent effects: a decline of radioactivity in cell phosphatidylinositol within 2 to 5 min that progressed to 25 to 50% during the 1st h, a transient rise of radioactivity in cell diacylglycerol that peaked at 10 min, a gradual increase of radioactivity in monoacylglycerol in the medium, and a concomitant increase of radioactivity in medium-free fatty acid. In experiments that focused on lipid biosynthesis, we added the growth factor to cells and pulse-labeled them with radioactive precursors. We observed increased incorporation within 60 min of myoinositol into phosphatidylinositol, arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylethanolamine, and choline into phosphatidylcholine. These results support the possibility that action of platelet-derived growth factor on Swiss 3T3 cells leads to release of diacylglycerol from phosphatidylinositol, that some of the released diacylglycerol is hydrolyzed to monoacylglycerol and arachidonic acid, and that these lipid products are in part reconverted to phosphatidylinositol and other lipids. PMID- 6795203 TI - Evidence that thyrotropin-releasing hormone transiently decreases membrane potential in mouse pituitary thyrotropic tumor cells in culture as monitored by triphenylmethylphosphonium ion. PMID- 6795202 TI - Carnitine biosynthesis by the perfused rat liver from exogenous protein-bound trimethyllysine. Metabolism of methylated lysine derivatives arising from the degradation of 6-N-[methyl-3H]lysine-labeled glycoproteins. PMID- 6795204 TI - Plasminogen in the chick embryo. Transport and biosynthesis. AB - As part of a program to define potential roles for plasminogen activation during development, we have studied the metabolism of plasminogen in the chick embryo. Here we report that: 1) plasminogen is present in significant quantities in the yolk of fertile, unincubated eggs; 2) the zymogen can be translocated intact, from the yolk to the developing embryonic circulation; and 3) de novo synthesis of plasminogen occurs during the early phases of embryonic life. The combination of a reservoir of the zymogen in the yolk and protein biosynthesis thus ensures the availability of a substrate for enzymes which may participate in morphogenetic events occurring throughout embryonic life. PMID- 6795205 TI - Calmodulin in bovine rod outer segments. PMID- 6795207 TI - Monospecific antibodies to rabbit lung ribonucleases. AB - Ribonucleases were isolated from normal rabbit lung by chromatographic techniques. Two active fractions were separated by elution from a sulfopropyl Sephadex column with 0.2 and 1.0 M NaCl. These were further purified over 2000 fold from the original crude homogenate. Both RNase preparations showed more than one protein possessing RNase activity in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with either sodium dodecyl sulfate or low pH buffer systems. The purified fraction eluted at 0.2 M NaCl was injected into a goat. The resulting antiserum inhibited the RNase activity of both RNase preparations. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed three noncross-reacting precipitin arcs with the 0.2 M NaCl-eluted RNase and two noncross-reacting precipitin arcs with the 1.0 M NaCl-eluted RNase. Highly significant RNase activity was recovered from the beta arc in the former and the delta arc in the latter. By immunoabsorbant chromatography, the antiserum was separated into three monospecific fractions, anti-alpha, anti-beta, and anti delta. Anti-beta and anti-delta inhibited, respectively, 60 and 33% of the 0.2 M NaCl-eluted RNase activity. Anti-delta inhibited 93% of the 1.0 M NaCl-eluted RNase activity. RNase activity in rabbit serum was not inhibited by any of the monospecific antibody fractions. PMID- 6795208 TI - Purification and characterization of myxobacterial hemagglutinin, a development specific lectin of Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Myxococcus xanthus is a Gram-negative bacterium that has a complex life cycle which includes cellular aggregation and sporulation. During the period of cellular aggregation, a lectin-like protein called myxobacterial hemagglutinin (MBHA) is synthesized. A four-step purification procedure for MBHA is described. It consists of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, CM-cellulose, and hydroxyapatite, followed by gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-30. This procedure gives good yields of MBHA (40-50%) free of contaminating proteins. The purified protein has been partially characterized. It exists as a monomer in solution with an apparent Mr = 28,000 and an isoelectric point of 8.3. The amino acid composition of MBHA has been determined. It shows a very high content of glycine (19%) as well as aromatic amino acids (9%); it has a low percentage of charged amino acids. No detectable carbohydrate was found in a large sample (50 micrograms) of MBHA. The far-ultraviolet CD spectrum of MBHA indicates a secondary structure which contains very little alpha-helix, 50 +/- 10% beta-sheet, and 50 +/- 10% random coil. MBHA comprises 1-2% of soluble protein of M. xanthus at the time of cellular aggregation. The fact that it is a lectin suggests that it may play a role in cell-cell recognition or adhesion. PMID- 6795206 TI - Differential effects of calmodulin antagonists on phospholipases A2 and C in thrombin-stimulated platelets. PMID- 6795209 TI - Localization of myxobacterial hemagglutinin in the periplasmic space and on the cell surface of Myxococcus xanthus during developmental aggregation. AB - During the period of developmental aggregation which precedes fruiting body formation, the bacterium Myxococcus xanthus produces a large amount of a lectin called myxobacterial hemagglutinin (MBHA). Sequential cell washing, osmotic shock, and disruption of developmental cells showed that as much as 90% of the total hemagglutinating activity can be recovered in the wash and shock fractions. Analysis of the wash and shock fluids by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that these fractions are enriched in MBHA. MBHA was detected on the surface of developmental cells but not vegetative cells by immunofluorescent staining procedures. The fluorescence was localized in distinct patches which were usually located at one or both of the cell poles, although patches of fluorescence could also be seen at additional sites as well. The presence of MBHA on the cell surface was also detected by electron microscopy of developmental cells stained with ferritin-conjugated antibody. Most of the cells showed distinct patches of ferritin staining at one or both of the cell poles; nonpolar staining, which was also observed, was always accompanied by membrane protuberances. The amino acid sequence of the NH2 terminus of MBHA was determined and found to be extremely hydrophobic, suggesting that it may function as a nonprocessed signal for transmembrane transport. The site-specific localization of MBHA at the cell poles suggests that it may function in end-to-end cellular interactions during aggregation. PMID- 6795210 TI - Allophycocyanin B. A common beta subunit in Synechococcus allophycocyanin B (lambda max 670 nm) and allophycocyanin (lambda max 650 nM). AB - In cyanobacterial phycobilisomes, light energy absorbed by phycocyanin (lambda max 620 nm) is transferred to allophycocyanin (AP; lambda max 650 nm) and allophycocyanin B (AP-B; lambda max 670 nm) and emitted primarily at 680 nm. This emission maximum coincides with that of pure AP-B. Previous studies have shown that Synechococcus 6301 AP and AP-B are both (alpha beta)3 trimers with a number of similar properties. Here, we show that the beta subunits of AP and AP-B have identical molecular weights, isoelectric points, absorption spectra, NH2-terminal sequences, yield almost indistinguishable tryptic peptide maps, and can substitute for each other in hybridization with the alpha subunits. We conclude that the beta subunits are identical polypeptides. By the same criteria, the alpha subunits of these two proteins are clearly unique polypeptides. The alpha subunits carry the information which determines the absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of the proteins, e.g. the hybrid of the alpha subunits of AP-B with the beta subunits of AP has a lambda max of 670 nm and an emission maximum of 680 nm. In mixtures of AP-B and AP, heterologous trimers are formed in a near statistical manner by subunit exchange. In such trimers, AP-B alpha beta monomers act as terminal energy acceptors. PMID- 6795211 TI - Formation of basement membranes in the embryonic kidney: an immunohistological study. AB - Specific antibodies to laminin, type IV collagen, basement-membrane proteoglycan, and fibronectin have been used in immunofluorescence microscopy to study the development of basement membranes of the embryonic kidney. Kidney tubules are known to form from the nephrogenic mesenchyme as a result of an inductive tissue interaction. This involves a change in the composition of the extracellular matrix. The undifferentiated mesenchyme expresses in the composition of the extracellular matrix. The undifferentiated mesenchyme expresses fibronectin but no detectable laminin, type IV collagen, or basement-membrane proteoglycan. During the inductive interaction, basement-membrane specific components (laminin, type IV collagen, basement membrane proteoglycan) become detectable in the induced area, whereas fibronectin is lost. While the differentiation to epithelial cells of the kidney requires an inductive interaction, the development of the vasculature seems to involve an ingrowth of cells which throughout development deposits basement-membrane specific components, as well as fibronectin. These cells form the endothelium and possibly also the mesangium of the glomerulus, and contribute to the formation of the glomerular basement membrane. An analysis of differentiation of the kidney mesenchyme in vitro in the absence of circulation supports these conclusions. Because a continuity with vasculature is required for glomerular endothelial cell differentiation, it is possible that these cells are derived from outside vasculature. PMID- 6795212 TI - Two Drosophila melanogaster proteins related to intermediate filament proteins of vertebrate cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against a 46,000 mol wt major cytoplasmic protein from Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells. These antibodies reacted with the 46,000 and a 40,000 mol wt protein from Kc cells. Some antibodies showed cross reaction with 55,000 (vimentin) and 52,000 mol wt (desmin) proteins from baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells that form intermediate sized filaments in vertebrate cells. In indirect immunofluorescence, the group of cross reacting antibodies stained a filamentous meshwork in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells. In Kc cells the fluorescence seemed to be localized in a filamentous meshwork that became more obvious after the cells had flattened out on a surface. These cytoskeletal structures are heat-labile; the proteins in Kc or BHK cells rearrange after a brief heat shock, forming juxtanuclear cap structures. PMID- 6795213 TI - A terminal energy acceptor of the phycobilisome: the 75,000-dalton polypeptide of Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes--a new biliprotein. AB - A rapid procedure is described for the isolation of "linker" polypeptides (Lundell, D. J., R. C. Williams, and A. N. Glazer. 1981. J. Biol. Chem. 256:3580 3592) of cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. The 75,000-dalton component of the core of Synechococcus 6301 phycobilisomes isolated by this procedure has been shown to carry a bilin similar in spectroscopic properties to phycocyanobilin. "Renatured" 75,000-dalton polypeptide has absorption maxima at 610 and 665 nm and a fluorescence emission maximum at 676 nm, similar to that of intact phycobilisomes. A complex of allophycocyanin and a 40,000-dalton bilin-carrying fragment of the 75,000-dalton polypeptide, obtained by limited tryptic digestion, is described. This complex, which lacks allophycocyanin B, shows a fluorescence emission maximum at 676 nm. The above data indicate that the 75,000-dalton polypeptide functions as a terminal energy acceptor in the phycobilisome. PMID- 6795214 TI - Effects of thyroliberin (TRH) on cell proliferation and prolactin secretion by GH3/B6 rat pituitary cells: a comparison between serum-free and serum supplemented media. AB - Numerous studies have shown that prolactin (PRL) production by GH3 cells grown in serum supplemented media is regulated by several hormones including thyroliberin (TRH). The recent availability of hormonally defined, serum-free media for the growth of GH3 cells has made it possible to determine the effect of TRH in absence of other prolactin regulating hormones. Here we demonstrate that transfer of GH3/B6 cells from serum-supplemented medium to serum-free media results in several important changes: (1) altered growth response to TRH, (2) altered cell attachment and morphology, (3) greatly reduced prolactin production, and (4) greater stimulation of prolactin production by TRH. After 4 days in serum-free medium, TRH stimulates prolactin production by as much as 5-fold instead of approximately 2-fold in serum-supplemented medium. Furthermore, this increased responsiveness to TRH in serum-free medium is accompanied by a 10-fold decrease in the ED50 for TRH (concentration needed for half-maximal response) and paradoxically by a 2-fold reduction in the number of high-affinity TRH binding sites without significant change of their association constant. PMID- 6795215 TI - Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric profile of organic acids in urine and serum of diabetic ketotic patients. AB - The organic acids in the urine and serum of diabetic patients with ketoacidosis and disturbance of consciousness were studied using acidification, extraction, evaporation, methoxime formation and trimethylsilylation, gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification procedures. The organic acid profile of 1 ml of serum ultrafiltrate was obtained with good separation using a gas chromatograph equipped with a glass capillary column and a splitless injector. 5-Hydroxyhexanoic acid and 3-hydroxyvaleric acid were identified for the first time in the urine of diabetic patients with ketoacidosis. Urinary excretion and serum concentrations of 2,3-dideoxypentonic acid were increased in diabetic patients. PMID- 6795216 TI - Rapid gas chromatographic determination of valproic acid in serum. PMID- 6795217 TI - Simple method for the measurement of tocainide and lignocaine in blood plasma or serum using gas--liquid chromatography with flame ionisation detection. PMID- 6795218 TI - Liquid chromatographic analysis of an antimicrobial 5-nitroimidazolyl-2-sulphide derivative in biological fluids. PMID- 6795219 TI - [Determination of dipropylacetic acid in plasma by liquid chromatography and spectrofluorimetric detection]. PMID- 6795220 TI - Enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassays using beta-galactosidase and antibodies covalently bound to polystyrene plates. AB - A solid-phase enzyme-linked immunoassay using a fluorogenic substrate (4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) was developed. Antibodies were covalently linked to glutaraldehyde-activated 96-well aminopolystyrene plates. Antigens from test samples were adsorbed to the solid phase and detected using antibodies conjugated with E. coli beta-galactosidase. Glutaraldehyde, N succinimidyl-3-(2-pyridyldithio)-propionate or N-succinimidyl-6-(4-azido-2 nitrophenylamino)-hexanoate were used as linkers between antibodies and the enzyme. The measurement of fluorescence can be automated for rapid screening of many specimens. The sensitivity limit of the test for HBsAg is about 5-10 pg. PMID- 6795221 TI - Detection and identification of FIJI disease virus in infected sugarcane by immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. AB - Radial double-immunodiffusion, immuno-osmophoretic and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods have been compared for the detection of Fiji disease virus (FDV) in infected sugarcane tissue extracts using an antiserum containing antibodies specific to FDV proteins and ds-RNA. ELISA was the most sensitive of these tests and detected only FDV-specific proteins byt not ds-RNA. Immuno-osmophoretic tests were less sensitive than ELISA but detected both the protein and ds-RNA antigens as distinct precipitin lines. Immunodiffusion tests were much less sensitive for the detection of FDV antigens than either ELISA or immuno-osmophoretic tests. FDV antigens were detected in leaves of virus-infected sugarcane, but only in tissues of the galls which develop in response to infection. Even ELISA failed to detect any antigens in normal tissues adjacent to galls. It is concluded that for the identification to FDV in infected surgarcane, it is necessary to observe galls which can then be tested for the presence of FDV antigens. Immuno-osmophoresis appears to be a satisfactory method for such tests. PMID- 6795222 TI - Glucocorticoid suppression of pituitary prolactin release in the nonhuman primate. AB - The administration of 8 mg dexamethasone daily for 8 days significantly lowered basal and TRH-stimulated PRL levels in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys. A single acute injection of dexamethasone attenuated the total amount of PRL released after TRH stimulation, although basal and peak PRL levels were not significantly different from those found in controls. In an attempt to determine the site of action of glucocorticoids on PRL secretion, baboon pituitaries were incubated with cortisol. Cortisol at a concentration of 3 x 10(-5) M significantly inhibited PRL secretion in vitro, while a concentration of 3 x 10(-4) M was needed to block TRH-stimulated prolactin release. In conclusion, glucocorticoids can suppress pituitary PRL secretion by a direct action on the pituitary gland, although a hypothalamic site of action may also be involved. PMID- 6795223 TI - Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism associated with retinitis pigmentosa in a female sibship: evidence for gonadotropin deficiency. PMID- 6795224 TI - Subnormal gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone persist into puberty in children with isolated growth hormone deficiency. PMID- 6795225 TI - Age-dependent extinction of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the human cerebellum. AB - Immunoreactive TRH was quantified in eight regions of the cerebellum as well as in the medulla, pons, and hypothalamus of the fetal and adult human brain. High levels of TRH were detected in the fetal cerebellum, ranging from 216 +/- 103 pg/mg protein (mean +/- SD) in the deep cerebellar nuclei to 591 +/- 153 pg/mg protein in the anterior vermis. The concentrations of TRH were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in each of the eight regions of the cerebellum of the fetal brain than in the corresponding regions of the adult brain. The magnitude of the difference between adult and fetal cerebellar levels ranged from an 18 fold difference in the deep cerebellar nuclei to more than a 100-fold difference in the anterior hemisphere. However, the TRH levels in pons and medulla were similar among fetuses and adults, and the TRH concentration in the adult hypothalamus was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than that in the fetal hypothalamus. The TRH levels in adult rat hypothalami were extremely stable for several hours post mortem. We, therefore, conclude that the differences in cerebellar TRH concentrations of the fetal compared to those of the adult human are not related to a difference in the extent of postmortem degradation of TRH. Rather, we postulate that the decline in cerebellar TRH during maturation is a normal developmental process, and speculate that TRH, which has been found to have diverse effects on the central nervous system, may also influence the development of the human cerebellum. PMID- 6795226 TI - Increase in plasma thyrotropin-releasing hormone in normal human pregnancy. AB - Maternal thyroid regulation in pregnancy was examined by measuring the concentrations of TRH, T4, T3, free T4 (by RIA), T4-binding globulin, TSH, PRL, and hCG in the sera of 30 normal pregnant women, 10 puerperally lactating women, and 10 normal pregnant women, 10 puerperally lactating women, and 10 normal nonpregnant female controls. Results showed that serum T4, T3, T4-binding globulin, PRL, and hCG, but not free T4 (by RIA), increased significantly during pregnancy. The plasma level of TRH was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) in the second trimester and significantly lower (P less than 0.05 1 month post partum than those values in nonpregnant controls. No significant correlations, however, were observed between the serum level of TRH and those of the thyroid hormones TSH, PRL, and hCG in pregnancy. The TRH-degrading activity of the plasma in the second trimester was normal. These results indicate that TRH secretion may be increased in the second trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6795227 TI - Leydig cell tumor with gynecomastia: hormonal effects of an estrogen-producing tumor. AB - A patient with a testicular interstitial cell tumor and gynecomastia is reported. The testicular tumor was capable of aromatizing 8.3% testosterone. Spermatic venous samples taken from the tumor-bearing side had marked elevations of 17 beta estradiol (E2), progesterone, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone (170 HP). The progesterone to 17OHP and 17OHP to androstene-dione ratios suggested an enzymatic block of 17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17-20 lyase possibly secondary to locally produced E2. The E2 produced by the tumor appeared to suppress gonadotropin secretion. The plasma testosterone and gonadotropin levels rose within 7 days after the removal of tumor, and the gynecomastia began to decrease. PMID- 6795228 TI - Stimulation of growth hormone release by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from human pituitary adenomas in vitro. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), TRH, dopamine, and rat median eminence extract on GH release from GH-secreting pituitary adenomas were studied in vitro using a sensitive superfusion method. Dispersed pituitary tumor cells obtained from three patients with acromegaly were placed in a superfusion column, and the amounts of GH in the superfusate were determined. The addition of VIP (10(-6) M) to the perfusion system resulted in a marked increase in GH release in all three cases, and a dose-response relationship in VIP (10(-8) 10( 6) M) induced GH secretion was observed in one case studied. TRH (10(-7) M) and median eminence extract (1 equivalent/ml) also caused an abrupt and marked increase in GH release in all of the experiments. The infusion of either dopamine (10(-7) M) or bromocriptine (10(-7) M) inhibited GH secretion. These results suggest that VIP as well as TRH stimulate GH secretion by a direct action on GH secreting pituitary tumor cells in at least some acromegalic patients. PMID- 6795230 TI - Selective effects of glucocerebroside (Gaucher's storage material) on macrophage cultures. AB - Although the enzymatic lesion in Gaucher's disease is well established, little is known concerning the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the clinical manifestations of the disease. In order to obtain insight into this unexplored aspect of Gaucher's disease, we examined the effects of glucocerebroside (GL(1)) at the cellular level in monolayers of cultured murine macrophages. The addition of GL(1) to these cultures stimulated the macrophages to release increased amounts of lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) and lysosomal enzymes into the medium. These responses were proportional to the amount of GL(1) added to the culture. At higher levels of GL(1) (>/=20 mug/ml), lactic dehydrogenase, a cytoplasmic enzyme was also released indicating cellular damage at these doses. Intracellular LAF also increased in macrophages incubated with the high doses of GL(1), demonstrating an increase in total LAF production by these cells. Lipopolysaccharide acted synergistically with GL(1) and stimulated the release of exceedingly high levels of LAF which had a molecular weight profile similar to that of LAF released by exposure to lipopolysaccharide alone. Unlike GL(1), galactocerebroside, sphingomyelin, and ceramidetrihexoside, exerted little or no effect on the release of macrophage products. The effect of GL(1) was selective for macrophages since addition of this material to mouse lens epithelial cells had no detectable cytotoxic effect and it was only slightly toxic to lymphocytes or P815 cells in concentrations at which macrophages were clearly affected. A direct relationship was observed between the cytotoxicity of the sphingolipids and their accumulation in various cells. Macrophages accumulated large amounts of GL(1) but not sphingomyelin, whereas the other cells examined in this investigation did not accumulate either of these lipids. Human monocytes, like murine macrophages, also release increased amounts of LAF when incubated with GL(1). The effect of GL(1) was dose-responsive and synergy was found with lipopolysaccharide. The relevance of these findings to the pathogenesis of Gaucher's disease is considered. PMID- 6795229 TI - Active immunization with lipopolysaccharide Pseudomonas antigen for chronic Pseudomonas bronchopneumonia in guinea pigs. AB - Chronic respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading clinical problem among patients with cystic fibrosis. Because antimicrobial agents are usually ineffective in eradicating these infections, additional therapeutic or prophylactic measures should be considered. In this study, an experimental guinea pig model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopneumonia was utilized to determine whether active immunization with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) P. aeruginosa antigen may favorably influence the course of this infection. Experimental pneumonia was established by tracheobronchial instillation of suspensions of microscopic agar beads, which were impregnated with viable P. aeruginosa. After 4 wk of infection, the geometric mean (reciprocal) passive hemagglutinating Pseudomonas antibody titer was 185+/-1.3, and lungs contained 16.8+/-4 x 10(3) colony-forming units Pseudomonas/ml of lung homogenate. Pseudomonas immunization, given prior to a 4-wk infection, resulted in significantly higher passive hemagglutinating titers (474+/-1.4; P < 0.05), lower numbers of viable Pseudomonas in lung tissues (2.4+/-0.6 x 10(3); P < 0.01), and reduced histopathology in lungs. In contrast, providing Pseudomonas immunization to animals 2 wk after pulmonary infection was established, offered no apparent benefit. Likewise, no protection was afforded by prophylactic immunization with a non-Pseudomonas LPS antigen (Escherichia coli J5 vaccine). Using a Raji cell assay, modified to detect circulating immune complexes in vaccinated and infected guinea pig sera, there was no evidence that active immunization increased the frequency of circulating immune complexes in infected guinea pigs. It is concluded that prophylactic immunization with Pseudomonas LPS antigen may confer protection from subsequent Pseudomonas bronchopneumonia, but that immunization during established infection is not beneficial. PMID- 6795231 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes and immune response to meningococcal group B polysaccharide. AB - Serum samples were collected from 120 healthy adult volunteers (105 Caucasians and 15 Negros) before and after immunization with meningococcal polysaccharide (MPS) group B vaccine. Antibodies to MPS group B were measured and sera were typed for several Gm and Km(1) allotypes. A significant association was found between the Km(1) allotype and immune response to MPS group B in Caucasians. PMID- 6795232 TI - Bacterial adhesion in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Effect of subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations on streptococcal adhesion in vitro and the development of endocarditis in rabbits. AB - Bacterial adhesion to the constituents of nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is important in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. Subinhibitory concentrations (subMIC) of some antibiotics decrease bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells in vitro. We utilized an in vitro assay system to study the effect of subMIC of various antibiotics on streptococcal adhesion to a fibrin platelet matrix (simulating NBTE). The results were (a) bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus faecalis to NBTE was significantly reduced by vancomycin, penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and streptomycin (P less than 0.01 vs. controls) but not rifampin or trimethoprimsulfametrole; (b) the effect was dose-dependent and increased with duration of exposure to antibiotic; (c) reduction in bacterial adhesion did not correlate with altered retention by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography. This reduction in adhesion correlated with a diminished capacity of subMIC exposed Streptococcus sanguis (1/4 vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) X 4 h) to produce endocarditis in vivo. After intravenous inoculation of 10(6) colony-forming units of preincubated organisms into rabbits with traumatized aortic valves, 6 of 22 developed endocarditis vs. 17 of 22 controls (P = 0.03). These results may be relevant to prophylaxis of endocarditis since exposure of bacteria to subMIC of various antibiotics may reduce bacterial adherence both, to mucosal surfaces, and to damaged cardiac valves. PMID- 6795233 TI - Evaluation of portal hypertension in cases of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis using ultrasound. AB - Patients with hepatic schistosomiasis develop high degrees of portal hypertension. Various invasive techniques have been used to evaluate this degree of portal hypertension. In this work sonography was used as a safe, noninvasive technique to study the relationship between the degree of portal hypertension, as measured by percutaneous splenic manometry, and the diameters of the portal and splenic veins. A total of 25 patients were included in this study. A positive correlation was found between the degree of portal hypertension and the increase in the diameters of the portal and splenic veins. PMID- 6795234 TI - Evaluation of the lower extremities. PMID- 6795235 TI - Sonographic evaluation of the incompetent cervix. PMID- 6795236 TI - Evaluation of three methods for obtaining fetal weight estimates using dynamic image ultrasound. AB - The effectiveness of three methods (Campbell and Wilkin, Warsof, Warsof et al for estimating fetal weight from measurements of the abdominal circumference (AC) and biparietal diameter (BPD) has been evaluated in 125 patients studied with dynamic image ultrasound. Investigations of the population as a whole indicated that the Campbell-Wilkin and Warsof methods systematically overestimated the weight (mean deviation: 5.3% and 1.6%, respectively), while the method of Warsof et al gave systematic underestimations (mean deviation: - 3.2%). The variability of the two Warsof methods was similar (SD: 8.8% and 8.4%) and significantly lower than that seen with the Campbell-Wilkin method (SD: 13.9%). When separate weight subclasses (500 gm to 4500 gm) were examined, the mean deviations and their variability were significantly lower with the two Warsof methods. The method of Warsof showed the most consistency among the weight subclasses. These results indicate that of these three methods, the best estimates of fetal weight are provided by the Warsof procedure. PMID- 6795237 TI - Detection of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage utilizing real-time and static ultrasound. AB - Accurate assessment of neonatal brain anatomy and pathology can now be obtained with commercially available ultrasound equipment. Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) has a 50% to 60% incidence in premature infants under 32 wk gestational age and is felt to be one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Computerized tomography (CT) has been the standard for detecting ICH; this study demonstrates that ultrasound is equally accurate and sensitive. Real-time examination through the anterior fontanelle resulted in 100% accuracy when compared with CT in a prospective study. Compound axial scans through the parietal bone were not as accurate, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 85%. If available, good quality real-time, transfontanelle sector ultrasound should be the screening procedure of choice for detecting and following intracranial hemorrhage in the high-risk premature infant. PMID- 6795238 TI - Abdominal ultrasound in advanced ovarian carcinoma. AB - The ultrasonic appearance of pelvic tumor and intra-abdominal dissemination is reported in 57 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma. The primary pelvic tumor was found to be solid or mixed solid-cystic. In no case was the primary malignancy exclusively cystic. In 23 patients, intra-abdominal extrapelvic tumor was detectable, and in eight patients there were solid liver metastases. The usefulness of both static and real-time ultrasound scanning is detecting stage III and IV disease is discussed. PMID- 6795239 TI - Cerebrovascular assessment using a Doppler carotid scanner and real-time frequency analysis. AB - The results of two methods for noninvasively diagnosing carotid disease are described. In the first study, a color-coded continuous-wave Doppler scanner was used. As evaluated by arteriography in 56 sides, the sensitivity and specificity of the Doppler scanner for diagnosing carotid lesions with greater than 50% stenosis was 71% and 82%, respectively. We found that many of our initial problems could be overcome by the concomitant use of a real-time frequency analyzer. Specifically, when the Doppler waveforms were displayed, we found that: 1) signals that had been attenuated by calcification or plaques, or had reduced velocity as a result of a proximal stenosis, could still be detected; 2) when the velocity of flow was increased to compensate for a contralateral carotid stenosis, the waveforms could still be of diagnostic value; 3) distinguishing between the internal and external carotid arteries was easier than relying on the audio signal alone; 4) when the scan showed internal carotid occlusion, morphological evaluation of the external and common carotid waveforms was helpful in verifying the scan result; and 5) artifactual noise on the Doppler waveform could be recognized. In the second study, frequency analysis recordings were evaluated semiquantitatively by measuring peak frequency and the fractional width of the Doppler frequency spectrum at peak systole Our preliminary results show that this approach is of diagnostic value in that it has the potential to detect minor stenoses. PMID- 6795240 TI - Amebic abscess: sonographic follow-up of persistent hepatic defects in two patients one year after successful treatment for amebiasis of the liver. PMID- 6795241 TI - Prenatal detection of esophageal atresia. PMID- 6795242 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography of Lutembacher's syndrome. PMID- 6795243 TI - Hyperdistended fluid-filled bowel loops mimicking gastrointestinal atresia. PMID- 6795244 TI - Levonantradol potentiates the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and valproic acid in the kindling model of epilepsy. AB - The anticonvulsant effects of the cannabinoid derivative levonantradol and its ability to potentiate the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and valproic acid were studied in rats with previously established amygdala-kindled seizures. Levonantradol administered in doses of 100 to 400 micrograms/kg did not block any components of the motor seizure. However, levonantradol did increase the latency of appearance of fully kindled seizures at the 400 micrograms/kg dose. Administration of diazepam at doses of 1 or 2 mg/kg or valproic acid at doses of 100 or 200 mg/kg produced seizure control as measured by a reduction in motor components of the seizure or a reduction in afterdischarge length or both. The anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and valproic acid were potentiated by administration of 100 microgram/kg levonantradol without apparent increases in sedation. Although the mechanism underlying this potentiation of the antiepileptic effects of valproic acid and diazepam remains unknown, levonantradol may have potential as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of complex partial seizures. PMID- 6795245 TI - Effects of lithium carbonate and haloperidol on cognition in aggressive hospitalized school-age children. AB - A comparison of the effects of lithium, haloperidol, and placebo on cognition is reported for a sample of hospitalized school-age children with a behavioral profile of aggressiveness and explosiveness. In this double-blind study, patients were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions. The cognitive battery was administered at the end of a 2-week placebo baseline period and again after 4 weeks of treatment. It included a simple reaction time (RT) task with preparatory intervals of 1, 4, and 8 seconds, the Porteus Mazes, and the Matching Familiar Figures Test. Drug effects on cognition, when found, were mild. Slower and more variable RTs were found on the RT task in the haloperidol group (mean dose, 3.1 mg/day), particularly at the 4- and 8-second preparatory intervals in comparison to placebo. This appeared to reflect decreased ability to hold a preparatory set. No other effects of haloperidol on cognitive performance were found. Lithium carbonate (mean dose, 1150 mg/day) caused a deterioration in qualitative performance on the Porteus Maze Test when compared with haloperidol but had no effect on test quotient scores or on the other cognitive measures. Results are discussed in terms of dose effects and the influences of task demands. This is part of a study critically assessing the effects of lithium and haloperidol on behavioral symptoms and other parameters. PMID- 6795246 TI - Delirium induced by the competitive interaction between phenytoin and dipropylacetate. PMID- 6795247 TI - Reviews of the progress of dairy science: genetics of lactic acid bacteria. PMID- 6795248 TI - Unique response to heat of extracellular protease of Pseudomonas fluorescens M5. AB - Eight proteases selected from 38 cultures of psychrotrophic bacteria were subjected to heat stability tests. Cell-free filtrates of the broth in which the cultures were grown individually were heated to 40, 50, 60, and 70 degree C for 0, 15, 30, and 60 min. Six of the filtrates were less than 50% inactivated by heating at 40 degree C for 60 min, whereas the enzyme of Pseudomonas fluorescens M5 was inactivated completely by this treatment. Of the five most proteolytic cultures tested, including P. fluorescens M5, losses in protease activity ranged from 9 to 34% on heating at 70 degree C for 60 min. Purified M5 protease retained at least 75% of its activity over the pH range of 4.5 to 7.5. Electrophoresis of active M5 protease from four chromatographed fractions revealed two bands in each with approximate molecular weights of 35,000 and 45,000. Heating at 40 degree C did not alter mobility of either band. Reasons for lability at 40 degree C but stability at 50, 60, and 70 degree C are discussed. Complexation with casein, observed with another protease, was not a possible explanation for stability at 40 degree C. PMID- 6795249 TI - Milk yield, feed intake, prolactin, growth hormone, and glucocorticoid response of cows to supplemented light. AB - Milk production and dry matter intake of 21 cows subjected to 16 h of fluorescent light and 8 h dark and of 21 cows subjected to natural light 9 to 12 h daily between October 25 and March 14 were measured beginning in early (37 to 74 days postpartum) and late (94 to 204 days postpartum) lactation. Cows that received 16 h of fluorescent light produced 6.7% (1.4 kg) more milk per day (adjusted for parity and pretreatment production) than cows exposed to natural photoperiods. Increases of milk production with 16 h of fluorescent light were similar for early and late lactation. Photoperiod did not alter percent of fat in milk. Dry matter intake increased 6.1% for cows in 16 h of light, and this increase could account for increased milk yields. Basal prolactin in serum and that released by thyrotropin releasing hormone were 1.5 to 1.8 times greater for cows exposed to 16 h of light than for cows in 9 to 12 h of natural light daily. Photoperiod did not affect release of prolactin by milking. Cold ambient temperatures reduced basal prolactin and prolactin released by thyrotropin releasing hormone but had no effect on concentrations of growth hormone or glucocorticoids. Compared with cows in late lactation, cows in early lactation released 2.4 times more prolactin after milking, but they released similar amounts of prolactin after thyrotropin releasing hormone. Photoperiod did not affect concentrations of growth hormone or glucocorticoids in blood sera. PMID- 6795250 TI - Interference of lipid with determination of bovine serum albumin by electroimmunodiffusion. AB - Electroimmunodiffusion of ultra-high-temperature processed milk demonstrated an apparent increase in bovine serum albumin at some processing temperatures. The cause of the phenomenon was traced to the lipid component of the milk. Caproic acid was used in model studies to evaluate lipid effects in unheated and heated systems. Addition of caproic acid to bovine serum albumin without heat treatment reduced the apparent concentration of bovine serum albumin. Heating at 78 degrees C resulted in an initial increase in the apparent bovine serum albumin concentration, followed by a decrease with further heating. These results indicate that the reaction of specific antibody with bovine serum albumin in milk is inhibited by lipid and that this inhibition is reversed by heat treatments below that causing marked conformational changes in the protein. PMID- 6795251 TI - Quantitative determination of 5-S-cysteinyldopa, dopa and dopamine in the urine by means of high-performance liquid chromatography. A comparison with data obtained by means of fluorometry. PMID- 6795252 TI - Atypical tyrosinase positive albinos. PMID- 6795253 TI - An update on Stein-Leventhal syndrome. PMID- 6795254 TI - Health science on stamps. PMID- 6795255 TI - [A comparative study of monitoring induction of ovulation using clomiphene and HMG-HCG. Hormonal and ultrasound profiles (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied daily hormone monitoring (Estradiol 17B, FSH, LH, Progesterone) and ultrasound (the size of the follicles and the number of the follicles) in 17 inductions using Clomiphene and 16 using HMG and HCG in cases mainly of dysovulation, but also of anovulation, in women who had previously been treated by induction that had failed. They establish the difference in the results obtained as far as (Estradiol 17B concerned, as far as the number of follicle that were stimulated or the size of the pre-ovulatory follicle, according to whether Clomiphene or sequential HMG-HCG had been used as a method of induction. They analyse the liability of the criteria for screening by plasma levels and by ultrasound and the correlation between these two parameters. PMID- 6795256 TI - Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, breathing and heart rate in normal infants during the first six months of life. AB - Daytime measurements were made of the relationship between sleep state, cardio respiratory changes and oxygen (transcutaneous PO2) and carbon dioxide (mass spectrometer alveolar PCO2) tensions in eleven normal infants from birth to 6 months of age. Sequential records were made at 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months. The babies were not restrained, slept in a cot, and were constantly observed. Heart rate was higher in active sleep than in quiet sleep at all ages and rose between 1 week and 1 month (P less than 0.01) in both quiet sleep and active sleep and then decreased at 3 and 6 months. Respiratory rate only changes with age in active sleep at 6 months, showing a decrease (P less than 0.05) but was higher in active sleep that in quiet sleep at 1 month (P less than 0.002) and 3 months (P less than 0.02). A fall in heart rate (less than 100 beats/min) occurred chiefly in association with apnoea. The incidence of apnoea (of greater than 3 s duration) varied widely between babies at the same age and in the same baby at different ages but was most common in the first 3 months of life. No evidence of obstructive apnoea was found and no apnoea of greater than 12 s duration was observed. Period breathing occurred in all babies at 1 month normally following sighs but was uncommon at 1 week and 3 months and absent at 6 months. A fall in transcutaneous PO2 did not precede but often resulted from an episode of periodic breathing. PMID- 6795257 TI - Microperoxisomes in the epithelial cells of the amphibian urinary bladder: an electron microscopic demonstration of catalase and malate synthase. AB - All cells that comprise the epithelium of the toad urinary bladder were found to contain small ovoid to tubular membrane-bound bodies with a finely granular matrix. Such organelles were devoid of dense cores (nucleoids). These microperoxisomes reacted positively when incubated for the demonstration of catalase or malate synthase activity. In the toad liver, peroxisomes as well as microperoxisomes were seen. Histochemically, both demonstrated catalase activity; neither showed malate synthase activity. The presence of malate synthase, a glyoxylate cycle enzyme, in toad urinary bladder microperoxisomes may make these latter organelles unique among vertebrates, since malate synthase has been thought to be absent in higher animals. PMID- 6795258 TI - Studies of immunoreactive gonadrotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) in the rat anterior pituitary. PMID- 6795259 TI - Carbonic anhydrase distribution in rodent embryos and its relationship to acetazolamide teratogenesis. AB - The carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, leads to a unique distal postaxial right forelimb deformity in rats and CBA/J mice, but SWV mice are completely resistant. Using Hansson's histochemical method, the distribution of carbonic anhydrase and its inhibition by acetazolamide in rat, CBA/J mouse, and SWV mouse embryos were compared. Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrable in many tissues of sensitive rat and CBA/J mouse embryos and in resistant SWV mouse embryos. The forelimb buds of resistant and sensitive embryos possess carbonic anhydrase activity in the area between the ectoderm and adjacent mesenchyma with no localization of enzyme activity corresponding to the malformation seen in acetazolamide teratogenesis. This suggests that carbonic anhydrase in the forelimbs is not the primary site of action for acetazolamide. A distinctive staining pattern of nucleated erythrocytes in resistant embryos indicated the presence of a low activity form of carbonic anhydrase in nearly half of the erythrocytes. A five-to tenfold greater amount of acetazolamide was needed to completely inhibit carbonic anhydrase activity in nucleated erythrocytes from resistant embryos than in those from sensitive embryos. The existence of a low activity form of carbonic anhydrase in SWV embryo erythrocytes may be the basis of resistance to acetazolamide teratogenesis. PMID- 6795260 TI - Antibody-independent interactions between Escherichia coli J5 and human complement components. AB - With the characterization of an increasing number of molecules that are capable of activating the 1st component of the classical pathway of complement (C), the possibility that some Gram-negative bacteria may activate C1 independent of naturally occurring antibody has been reexamined. We have confirmed a previous report that purified C1 (the activated form of C1) can bind to certain strains of bacteria and it retains its enzymatic activity when thus bound. The availability of purified C1 in its precursor form has allowed us to extend these observations to the native C1 molecule. Using a semirough mutant of Escherichia coli, the galactose epimerase-deficient strain E. coli J5, we have examined the binding and activation of radiolabeled C1. J5 bound radiolabeled C1 in a dose-dependent manner and essentially all of the bound C1 was activated as judged by SDS-PAGE. The bacteria-C1 complex consumed purified C4 and C2 and the consumption of C2 was proportional to the C4 concentration. Subsequent addition of terminal C components C3-9 supplied as serum-EDTA caused a highly significant decrease in bacterial viability. These results demonstrate that C1 may bind to the bacterial membrane in such a manner as to initiate a bactericidal reaction. Therefore, antibody-independent binding and activation of C1 must be considered in the assessment of serum sensitivity of Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6795261 TI - The binding of BCG-activated macrophages to tumor targets stimulates secretion of cytolytic factor. AB - The binding of neoplastic targets and the secretion of a potent cytolytic protease (CF) by BCG-activated macrophages have previously been shown to be independent functions, both of which are necessary for completion of macrophage mediated cytolysis. The present studies demonstrate that secretion of CF is triggered by the binding of neoplastic targets to BCG-activated macrophages. The binding of tumor targets, but not of normal lymphocytes, resulted in enhanced secretion of CF from BCG-activated macrophages, although not from macrophages elicited by thioglycolate broth. Dead or metabolically inactive tumor targets, as well as membrane preparations of tumor targets, induced secretion of CF from BCG activated macrophages. The blocking of macrophage-target binding with a porous filter prevented augmented secretion of CF. Appreciable secretion of CF occurred in as little as 30 min after addition of tumor targets to BCG macrophages. Binding did not induce a generalized increase in secretion of neutral proteases by BCG macrophages, since secretion of plasminogen activator was actually decreased after the binding of P815 targets. The data suggest the selective binding of BCG-activated murine macrophages to neoplastic targets triggers the secretion of a potent CF. PMID- 6795262 TI - Natural killer activity in the peritoneal exudates of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes: characterization of the natural killer cells by using a monoclonal rat anti-murine macrophage antibody (M1/70). AB - Exudates induced by i.p. injection of five listeria monocytogenes (LM) constituted a rich source of CBA/J murine natural killer (NK) cells. Maximum expression of NK activity was seen from day 2 through day 6 after initial exposure to LM. When nylon wool nonadherent peritoneal exudate cells were examined by a single-cell cytotoxicity assay, the number of cells binding to YAC 1 target cells increased after infection as did their individual lytic capacity. A monoclonal rat anti-murine macrophage antibody (M1/70), previously shown by our group to recognize human NK cells, can also be used as a marker for murine NK cells. Utilizing M1/70 and the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, selection of M1/70-labeled mononuclear cells led to the enrichment of both NK and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity. These M1/70-positive cells had a distinctive morphology and contained granules on Wright-Giemsa staining. They were not phagocytic, did not contain nonspecific esterase, and lacked surface I-Ak, IgM determinants, complement receptors, and high levels of Thy 1.2. PMID- 6795263 TI - Identification of a macrophage antigen-processing event required for I-region restricted antigen presentation to T lymphocytes. AB - The mechanism of macrophage-antigen handling was studied using a system that involves the quantitation of the antigen-specific binding of Listeria monocytogenes-immune T cells to macrophages. Specific T cells did not bind to native antigen. Because the specific binding of T cells to macrophages could be measured during a short (5- to 15-min) interaction, it was possible to follow the temporal development of a T cell-binding substrate with increasing time of antigen-macrophage interaction. In contrast to the rapid (5-min) uptake of Listeria by macrophages, the development of T cell-binding ability required a 30- and 60-min period of antigen-macrophage interaction. During this processing period, Listeria organisms bound to the macrophage surface were ingested and partially catabolized. Unlike antigen uptake, antigen processing was a temperature-dependent and energy-requiring event. Although macrophages treated with paraformaldehyde before antigen processing did not develop T cell-binding activity, macrophages treated with paraformaldehyde after a 60-min antigen processing period retained T cell-binding ability. The kinetics of antigen catabolism correlated with antigen processing, and inhibition of antigen catabolism was associated with a corresponding inhibition of antigen processing for T cell binding. Anti-Ia antibodies had no effect on Listeria uptake of catabolism. These results supply direct evidence for a macrophage-antigen processing event relevant to T cell recognition of antigen. PMID- 6795264 TI - P cell-stimulating factor: biochemical characterization of a new T cell-derived factor. PMID- 6795265 TI - Preparation and characterization of 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl human serum albumin as an antigen for covalent cross-linking of immune complexes. AB - Human serum albumin (HSA) was conjugated with 4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl azide to yield varying density of the 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl haptenic group, useful for covalent cross-linking in the antibody-combining site. The epitope density of the antigen influenced several examined biologic properties. Precipitation in gel diffusion occurred when the average epitope density was 13 or above. Complement (C) activation was not found by incubation with guinea pig C, by binding to human Clq, or by conversion of the electrophoretic mobility of human C3 with epitope densities up to 13. Upon i.v. injection, rapid removal of the conjugated HSA occurred when more than seven 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl groups were present. This rapid removal was in part due to hepatic uptake. These studies point out the epitope density-dependent alterations of biologic properties of an antigen useful for preparation of immune complexes covalently cross-linked in the antibody combining site. PMID- 6795266 TI - Expression of Fc mu receptors by human T lymphocytes: effects of enzymes, metabolic inhibitors, and X-irradiation. PMID- 6795267 TI - Mouse myeloma proteins with lambda 2 and lambda 3 light chains. AB - Serum and ascites fluid from mice bearing 260 different myeloma tumors were screened serologically for myeloma proteins having light chains like that of L315, the lambda 2 chain produced by myeloma MOPC-315. Four proteins, made by myelomas TEPC-952, CBPC-49, ABPC-72, and SAPC-15, were identified. Their light chains were essentially indistinguishable serologically from L315, and each of them also yielded the characteristic C-terminal amino acid (leucine) and C terminal tryptic peptide of L315. However, amino acid sequences and other findings reported elsewhere have revealed that although the light chain of TEPC 952 is indeed a lambda 2 chain, the light chains of the others (CBPC-49, ABPC-72, and SAPC-15) represent another, slightly different type of light chain, which has been designated lambda 3. PMID- 6795268 TI - An analysis of heavy chain glycopeptides of hybridoma antibodies: correlation between antibody specificity and sialic acid content. PMID- 6795269 TI - Lesions of different functional size produced by human and guinea pig complement in sheep red cell membranes. PMID- 6795271 TI - T cell-mediated cytotoxicity induced by Listeria monocytogenes. III. Phenotypic characteristics of mediator T cells. AB - Cytotoxic thymus-derived lymphocytes (CTL) generated in vitro by restimulating rat cells with Listeria antigen- (LMA) pulsed syngeneic accessory cells were characterized in respect to their surface membrane markers. LM-dependent CTL were devoid of detectable surface immunoglobulin (Ig) and receptors for the Fc region of rabbit IgG. Experiments with monoclonal antibodies to rat T cell markers revealed that these cytotoxic cells have the phenotypic profile W3/13+, W3/25-, MRC OX 8+. LM-dependent CTL also bind the monoclonal antibody, MRC OX 3, which recognizes an Ia-antigen-like determinant on rat cells. Although LM-dependent CTL lack the W3/25 marker, their generation depends on the cooperative interplay of W3/25+ and W3/25- T cells. PMID- 6795270 TI - Cell-mediated lympholytic responses against autologous cells modified with haptenic sulfhydryl reagents. III. Different regions of hapten-membrane protein conjugates influence CTL specificity and Ir gene control of hapten-self CTL responses. PMID- 6795272 TI - Generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes: production of T cell and macrophage helper factors in addition to IL 1 and IL 2 by peritoneal cells from mice immunized to Listeria monocytogenes. AB - We investigate the production and biological activity of soluble helper factors produced by peritoneal T cells and macrophage derived from mice primed in vivo with Listeria monocytogenes. Supernatant fluids from co-cultures of these immune T cells and activated macrophages contained Interleukin 1 (IL 1) and Interleukin 2 (IL 2), and had the ability to assist the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) from a population of nylon wool nonadherent spleen cells sensitized to allogeneic heat-treated thymocytes. The ability to assist CTL development involved T cell and macrophage factors in addition to IL 1 and IL 2. Immune T cells cultured alone produced a factor, devoid of significant IL 2 activity, that assisted CTL development only if adherent cells were present in the responding population. Activated macrophage produced a 38,000 dalton component, distinct from IL 1 on the basis of m.w., that assisted the development of CTL from nylon wool nonadherent splenic cells. Supernatants fluids from co-cultures of immune T cells and allogeneic, nonactivated macrophage contained a CTL helper factor but did not contain IL 1 or IL 2 activities. In contrast, supernatant fluids from co cultures of immune T cells and syngeneic, nonactivated macrophage contained all 3 activities. This suggests a genetic restriction for the production of IL 1 and IL 2 that does not restrict the production of a CTL helper factor. These results demonstrate that T cell- and macrophage-derived helper factors distinct from IL 1 and IL 2 participate in the development of CTL. PMID- 6795273 TI - The role of C9 in complement-mediated killing of Neisseria. AB - During the routine examination of a healthy 31-yr-old woman, we found an incomplete deficiency of the 9th component of complement (C9). By hemolytic assay her serum C9 activity was 10 to 15% of normal. Limited family studies suggested that she inherited the deficiency as an autosomal codominant trait. She had no history of unusual or severe infections. When tested for bactericidal activity against serum-sensitive Neisseria gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, her serum reacted comparably to normal serum. Normal serum depleted immunochemically of C9 and sera from congenitally C9-deficient patients were also bactericidal against serum-sensitive Neisseria but required 120 min to kill the same numbers of gonococci that intact serum killed within 30 min. In the electron microscope, N. gonorrhoeae incubated with C9-depleted serum were fragmented but lacked the typical C lesions. Therefore, serum lacking C9 can kill serum-sensitive Neisseria, unlike sera deficient in the other terminal C components. PMID- 6795274 TI - Genetic control of natural resistance to Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) in mice. AB - Mice of 12 inbred strains infected i.v. with Mycobacterium bovis (BCG) exhibited 2 distinct patterns of response as determined by the degree of BCG burden in the spleens of animals at 3 wk after infection with 10(4) viable bacilli: susceptible (C57BL/6J and related sublines, BALB/c and DBA/1J) and resistant (A/J, C3H/HeCr, DBA/2J, CBA/J, C57Br, AKR). Mendelian analysis of this trait on segregating backcross and F2 populations derived from the mating of resistant and susceptible progenitors was compatible with the hypothesis that resistance to BCG is controlled by a single, dominant, autosomal gene, which is being given the designation Bcg. The product of the Bcg gene was found to influence the early phase of host response resulting in the genetic advantage of the resistant host being demonstrable as early as 24 hr after infection. PMID- 6795275 TI - Ir genes of different high responder haplotypes for staphylococcal nuclease are not allelic. AB - The Ir gene controlling high responsiveness to staphylococcal nuclease in the H 2d haplotype has been mapped to the I-A subregion, in contrast to that in the H 2k and H-2a haplotypes, which maps in the I-B subregion. The nonallelic high responder genes also confer differences in fine specificity on the antibodies produced. This nonallelism of Ir genes for the same antigen in different haplotypes is consistent with Ir gene mechanisms involving associative recognition of antigen plus Ia by T lymphocytes. It further suggests that products of different subregions can perform the same function. PMID- 6795276 TI - Demonstration of a circulating suppressor factor of thymocyte proliferation during endotoxin fever in humans. AB - Sub-pyrogenic levels of human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) have been shown to enhance phytohemagglutinin-induced murine thymocyte proliferation. It was concluded that LP is similar to lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF). Since endotoxin stimulates the production of LP and LAF, we attempted to employ in vitro thymocyte proliferation to detect circulating LP/LAF in 12 normal human subjects during experimental endotoxin fever. Sera obtained before and during fever were first mixed with an immunoadsorbent that binds human LP/LAF, and then the dissociated material was added to thymocyte cultures. Material derived from sera obtained during the maximum fever (3 to 4 hr after endotoxin) was markedly suppressive for thymocyte proliferation in vitro. The appearance of this suppressive effect correlated with the profound lymphopenia observed in the subjects. This suppressor factor(s) was nondialyzable and was destroyed at 70 degrees C, and its suppressive effects inhibited the lymphocyte-activating property of LP/LAF. In addition, the suppression of PHA responses did not appear to be modulated by prostaglandin synthesis. The results demonstrate that a factor circulates during endotoxin fever in humans that suppresses in vitro thymocyte proliferation. PMID- 6795277 TI - T cell recognition of Moloney leukemia virus proteins. III. T cell proliferative responses against gp70 are associated with the production of a lymphokine inducing 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in splenic lymphocytes. AB - One of the characteristic cellular immune responses associated with the regression of Moloney leukemia/sarcoma virus-induced tumors is a T cell proliferative response against the major viral envelope glycoprotein, gp70. The results described here demonstrated that associated with this proliferative response is the production of a lymphokine, Interleukin 3 (IL-3). The production of IL-3 was immunologically specific and showed the same specificity as that observed in blastogenic responses. IL-3 production was dependent upon an antigen specific Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1+, 2- lymphocyte subpopulation but did not require the presence of an Ia+ or an adherent accessory cell. The results also suggested that IL-3 may constitute one of the blastogenic factors previously shown to be involved in the proliferative response to gp70. In particular, purified IL-3 was found to induce proliferation of both normal and immune nylon wool purified splenic lymphocytes. The phenotype of the responding lymphocyte subpopulation was Thy-1.2-, Lyt-1-, 2-, Ig-, and Ia-. Maximal IL-3 production occurred approximately 48 hr after the addition of antigen and its production was significantly blocked by mitomycin C. These characteristics were unlike those for the general production of blastogenic factor activity suggesting that IL-3 is responsible for only a minor component of the proliferative response. PMID- 6795278 TI - Genetic control of cell-mediated immunity in the rat. I. Transfer of DTH to bacterial antigens is restricted by the B region of RT1. AB - The genetic basis of allogeneic restriction in the transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to soluble Listeria monocytogenes antigens (LMA) in rats was analysed using a set of congenic strains. The DTH parameter assayed was the localization of radiolabelled donor lymphoblasts in subcutaneous antigen stimulation sites in the ear. Sharing of the RT1,B region between the donor and host was essential for the transfer of DTH to LMA, which suggests that the RT12.B region codes for restriction elements controlling antigen recognition by TDTH cells. The recombinant haplotype RT1 rl was exceptional in that transfer of DTH to A-region matched recipients was, at least in part, possible, Measurement of donor lymphoblast localization in DTH sites afforded an opportunity to quantify allogeneic effects influencing localization of sensitized donor cells in DTH sites borne by alien recipients. Both RT1.B and RT1.A region differences could induce allogeneic effects, but they were an order of magnitude lower than those based on restricted recognition by donor T cells. PMID- 6795279 TI - Lack of association of the immune response to ragweed antigen E, Ra3 and Ra5 with the HLA system. PMID- 6795280 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobin. VIII. Control of antibody affinity. AB - We have previously shown that the antibody response to mammalian myoglobins is under genetic control. In the present study we examined antibodies to sperm whale. Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, Black Sea dolphin, horse and badger myoglobins, raised in high responder strains of mice, to ascertain whether there is genetic control of antibody affinity to mammalian myoglobins. Using antisera of varying dilutions, the binding to 125I-labelled homologous myoglobins was studied by inhibition with homologous myoglobin over a wide range of inhibitor concentration in a modified Farr essay. The results indicated that there are no large differences between high responder strains of mice in the affinity of antibodies to mammalian myoglobins. PMID- 6795281 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to haemoglobin. II. Studies using purified alpha-chain and beta-chain as immunogens. AB - Mice of independent haplotypes and several recombinant inbred strains were immunized with highly purified preparations of either the alpha-chain or beta chain subunit of human adult haemoglobin. Cells from the sensitized lymph nodes were challenged in vitro with the appropriate subunit (or in some cases both chains) and cell proliferation assessed by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Mice of the H-2b and H-2d haplotypes were high responders to alpha-chain while mice of the H-2f, H-2j, H-2k, H-2r, H-2s, H-2u, and H-2v haplotype were low responders. the low responsivenesss of B10.A(4R) and B 10.MBR and high responsiveness of B10 indicated that the Ir gene(s) determining responsiveness to the alpha-chain subunit resides in the I-A subregion of the mouse major histocompatibility complex. Mice of the H-2d, H-2f, and H-2s haplotypes were high responders and H 2b, H-2j, H-2a, and H-2u haplotype mice were low responders to beta-chain. H-2k, H-2p, H-2r, and H-2v haplotype mice were intermediate responders to beta-chain. The low responsiveness of B10.S(8R) and B10.TL and the high responsivenes of B10.S(9R) mapped the Ir gene(s) to beta-chain to the I-A subregion. Data collected from challenging high responder cells with both subunit indicated that alpha-chain and beta-chain do not crossreact. These results are discussed in reference to earlier observations suggesting that the low responsiveness of some strains of mice to priming and challenging using the intact haemoglobin molecule might be due to a negative regulatory influence mediated by one of the subunits. In the absence of this influence these mice would respond normally. PMID- 6795282 TI - Importance of non-H-2 genes in the control of the in vivo growth of the virus induced lymphoma YC8. AB - The genetic control of the in vivo growth of the Moloney virus-induced BALB/c lymphoma YC8 was studied in F1 hybrids between BALB/c and several strains differing at the MHC and/or at the level of non-H-2 genes. Parental strains of the B10 and C3Hf but not of A, BALB/c or DBA/2 backgrounds introduced a significant resistance to the growth of 10(2) YC8 cells (a dose able to kill 100% of BALB/c mice) in semisyngeneic hosts. This resistance appeared to be due to non H-2 genes although a modulation of the tumour growth by genes encoded by the MHC was also evident. The study of backcrosses between susceptible BALB/c and resistant (BALB/C X B10.BR)F1 crosses revealed that 83% of animals developed lethal tumours after injection of 10(2) YC8 cells. This high frequency of tumour takes was not linked to genes of the MHC. Adult thymectomy plus sublethal irradiation was able to abrogate the resistance of (BALB/c x B10.BR) or (BALB/c x B10.RIII)F1 mice to YC8 growth. Since the injection of silica also impaired the resistance to YC8, we tentatively concluded that the genetic control of resistance to YC8 is mediated both by T cells and macrophage-like cells. PMID- 6795283 TI - GM, AM, PI and KM markers in mesangial IGA glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6795284 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes in Filipinos. I Lack of association between Schistosoma japonica infection and immunoglobulin allotypes. PMID- 6795285 TI - [Esophagopleural fistula secondary to ruptured esophageal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795286 TI - [The CO2 production and excretion in the low cardiac output syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795287 TI - The multimeric distribution of factor VIII-related antigen studied by an improved crossed-immunoelectrophoresis technique. AB - An improved XIEP technique has been described that is capable of resolving under nondenaturing conditions at least five populations of FVIIIR:Ag directly from microliter amounts of normal human plasma. Resolution has been achieved by increasing the concentration of agarose in the electrophoretic medium to 2% or 3% and extending the period of electrophoresis to take advantage of molecular sieving effects. Normal human plasma demonstrates an electrophoretic pattern indicating that the majority of FVIIIR:Ag is assembled as higher-molecular-weight multimers. The distribution of FVIIIR:Ag appears to be independent of antigen concentration and sample storage temperature. Plasmas from two individuals with variant VWD demonstrate a lack of the higher-molecular-weight multimers coupled with an absolute increase in the lower-molecular-weight antigenic populations, suggesting a defect in antigen assembly. Commercial FVIII preparations, reported to be ineffective in correcting the bleeding abnormality in VWD, have also been found to lack the higher-molecular-weight multimers. On the other hand, cryoprecipitate, preferred in the treatment for VWD, had essentially the same antigen distribution as normal plasma. The similarities in the distribution of FVIIIR:Ag in variant plasmas and commercial FVIII concentrates provide further evidence that it is primarily the higher-molecular-weight multimers that function in maintaining hemostasis. PMID- 6795288 TI - Effects of experimental diabetes on the essential fatty acid-deficient rat. AB - An evaluation of the EFAD syndrome in rats rendered diabetic with either alloxan or streptozotocin was performed. Diabetic rats fed an EFA-deficient diet for 7 or 13 weeks were less severely EFA-deficient than were nondiabetic rats fed EFA deficient diet, as judged by dermal symptoms or by biochemical parameters such as the ratio of 20:3 omega 9/20:4 omega 6 (T/T ratio) and total fatty acids derived from linoleic acid. The T/T ratios of liver PL of diabetic EFA-deficient rats were lower than those of deficient control rats, and the ratios varied inversely with the blood glucose concentrations. The product/precursor ratios, arachidonic acid/linoleic acid, in liver PL were higher in diabetic deficient rats than in deficient control rats. Analysis of liver and heart PLs revealed higher arachidonic acid levels in the diabetic deficient rats than in the EFA-deficient controls, perhaps because of different growth rates. The activities of the delta 5, delta 6, and delta 9 desaturases were evaluated in liver microsomal systems. The delta 9 desaturase was depressed in diabetic rats in agreement with literature reports. The delta 6 desaturase, however, was slightly increased. The relative levels of delta 5, delta 6 and delta 9 desaturation products in liver and heart PLs did not parallel the measured desaturase activities of liver microsomes. PMID- 6795289 TI - Diacylglycerol-carrying lipoprotein of hemolymph of the locust and some insects. AB - The diacylglycerol-carrying lipoprotein (DGLP) was purified from hemolymph of the locust, Locusta migratoria, by a rapid method which included a specific precipitation at low ionic concentration and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The final preparation was highly homogeneous as judged by gel electrophoresis, electron microscopy, and immunodiffusion. The locust DGLP molecule was almost spherical in shape with a diameter of about 130 A. The molecular weight, determined by a sedimentation equilibrium method, was approximately 580,000. The total lipid content amounted to about 40%. The lipids comprised diacylglycerol (33% of total lipid), hydrocarbon (21%), cholesterol (8%), and phospholipids (36%). The hydrocarbon fraction contained a number of n alkanes and methylalkanes ranging from C25 to C38 in chain length. Mannose (3%) and glucosamine (0.5%) were associated with the apoprotein of DGLP. Apoprotein of locust DGLP consisted of two subunits, heavy chain (mol wt 250,000) and light chain (mol wt 85,000); carbohydrate (mannose) was associated only with the heavy chain. Tests of physiological function of DGLPs from locust, cockroach, and silkworm suggest that the insect DGLP serves multiple roles as a true carrier molecule in transporting diacylglycerol, cholesterol, and hydrocarbon from sites of storage, absorption, and synthesis to sites where these lipids are utilized as metabolic fuel, precursors for triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis, or structural components of cell membrane and cuticle. In addition, the insect DGLPs displayed no species-specificity in terms of the functions, whereas they were immunologically distinguishable. PMID- 6795290 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on ST potentials in the post-acute phase of myocardial infarction. AB - Thoracic electromaps were recorded before and after sublingual nitroglycerin (NG) in 26 subjects 15 and 30 days after acute myocardial infarction (MI), in order to evaluate the effect of the drug on injury potentials. Ten patients with documented left ventricular aneurysm were also studied 5 to 46 months after acute MI. Fifteen min after NG there was a significant decrease, compared with basal values, of ST segment elevations, blood pressure and rate-pressure product on both the 15th and 30th days. The degree of ST potentials reduction was not strictly related to the decrease of myocardial oxygen consumption, as indicated by the rate-pressure product. The response to NG on the 15th day did not predict accurately the evolution of injury potentials. In fact there was no significant correlation between percentages reduction of ST after NG on the 15th day and amplitudes of ST segment elevations present on the 30th day. In the patients with ventricular aneurysm, ST potential decrease and hemodynamic changes after NG were similar to those observed in the other groups studied. Our data suggest that it is not possible to differentiate between ST segment elevations associated with a dyssynergic area and those merely due to ischemic injury on the basis of NG sensitivity, and that ST segment elevations in the acute and subacute phase and long after MI have, at least in part, a similar electrophysiological significance. PMID- 6795291 TI - Classification of menstrual cycles in pre- and perimenopausal women. PMID- 6795292 TI - Changes in the plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, oestradiol and testosterone and in the binding of follicle-stimulating hormone to the theca of follicles during the ovulation cycle of the hen (Gallus domesticus). AB - The changes in the binding of FSH during follicular maturation were examined in the hen using 125I-labelled bovine FSH (bFSH) and unlabelled bFSH. The binding of 125I-labelled bFSH was not inhibited by bovine LH or chicken LH but was inhibited by extracts of chicken pituitary glands. The ovarian stroma, which contained both interstitial tissue and small follicles, bound the greatest amount of FSH. As the follicles progressed through the yolk-filled hierarchy of maturation, they bound decreasing amounts of FSH. In the two largest follicles of the hierarchy, there was a significant increase in the binding of FSH 12-16h before ovulation. There were two peaks in the concentrations of LH; a preovulatory peak occurred 4-6h before ovulation and a second peak occurred 14-16h before ovulation. Plasma concentrations of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone began to rise 9, 8 and 6h, respectively, before ovulation. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that changes in the gonadotrophin concentration and binding regulate the order of the follicular hierarchy and the onset of preovulatory steroidogenesis in the hen. PMID- 6795293 TI - Response of luteinizing hormone from columns of dispersed rat pituitary cells to a highly potent analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - The response of LH from a perfused column of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells to LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) and the analogue, D-Ser(But)6-desGly10 Proethylamide9-LH-RH (Hoe 766), was investigated. Dose-response curves showed non parallelism between LH-RH and the analogue. but it was evident that the analogue was considerably more potent. After a single pulse of LH-RH, LH output returned to basal values in 8 min; this was prolonged to 20 min in the case of the analogue. During this 20 min the cells were refractory to pulses of LH-RH but pulses of the analogue maintained output of LH. During constant-dose perfusion with either synthetic LH-RH or the analogue, output of LH rapidly reached a peak and then gradually fell over several hours to approach baseline values. However, a pulse of 50 mmol potassium chloride/l was still able to release LH at this time. The data are consistent with the view that this analogue of LH-RH is highly potent and is strongly bound by the LH-RH receptor. Furthermore, since it desensitizes the LH-RH receptor, it appears that continued turnover of either LH RH or the analogue at the receptor is necessary for output of LH to be maintained. PMID- 6795294 TI - Substantial amounts of gonadotrophin-like materials in sera of normal subjects. AB - Ultrafiltration of human sera resulted in increased levels of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCH), LH and FSH measured by radioimmunoassay. The effect was greatly enhanced by chromatography of serum through Sepharose-protein A (which specifically binds immunoglobulin G) followed by ultrafiltration of the unretarded fractions. Serum from a normally menstruating women was treated by ultrafiltration and the retained fraction from 200 mul serum further chromatographed on a Sephadex G-150 Superfine column. The amounts of LH and FSH measured in the eluate by radioimmunoassay were higher by three orders of magnitude than those found in the untreated serum. Comparable amounts of hCG were also found in the eluate by two specific radioimmunoassays, and a value of 45 i.u. hCG was recovered in the eluate by bioassay. Serum from another normally menstruating women was applied to DEAE-cellulose and eluted stepwise using an elution gradient. The ultrafiltrate of one eluted fraction led to separation of a low molecular weight material which was able to neutralize the biological activity of a large dose of hCG. The data support the hypothesis that substantial amounts of gonadotrophins are normally present in serum but that binding to inhibitor(s) prevents their assay in untreated sera. PMID- 6795295 TI - Effect of chemical sympathectomy and ganglion blockade on angiotensin-stimulated fluid absorption in the rat jejunum. AB - A study has been made of the effects of chemical sympathectomy and ganglion blockade on the responses of rat jejunum in vivo to intravenous doses of angiotension and noradrenaline capable of stimulating fluid transport. Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (chemical sympathectomy) or pentolinium tartrate (ganglion blockade) abolished the stimulatory actions of angiotensin II but left the responses to noradrenaline unimpaired. Dopamine, like noradrenaline, stimulated fluid transport but this response required very high dopamine infusion rates, was refractory to the dopamine antagonist sulpiride and was inhibited by the alpha- blocker phentolamine. The possible interaction between angiotensin and the intestinal sympathetics is discussed with reference to control in extracellular fluid volume. PMID- 6795296 TI - Evidence for the involvement of hypothalamic dopamine and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in suckling-induced release of prolactin. PMID- 6795297 TI - Effect of non-essential amino acids on fetal rat pancreatic growth and insulin secretion in vitro. AB - Fetal rat pancreatic rudiments explanted on day 14 of gestation were grown for 6 days in organ culture in medium containing glucose (5.5 or 16.5 mmol/l) and essential amino acids (3.5 or 13.1 mmol/l). Non-essential amino acids (alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glycine, proline and serine) were added to the culture medium in a number of combinations and at a maximum total concentration of 4.0 mmol/l. At the end of the period of culture rudiments were compared for DNA content, insulin concentration and quantitative morphology. The release of insulin from the rudiments was tested during 6-h incubations on day 6 of culture. Enrichment of the culture medium with any combination of non-essential amino acids had a slight or no effect on the growth or cellular composition of the rudiment of insulin release from it. Addition of all the non-essential amino acids to medium containing 16.5 mmol glucose and 13.1 mmol essential amino acids/l caused a dramatic reduction in the net insulin accumulation by the cultured rudiment. Combinations of non-essential amino acids in which one or more were omitted did not have the same effect. These findings suggest that fetal rat pancreas grown in vitro may require both essential and non-essential amino acids for the full expression of insulin biosynthesis and secretion. PMID- 6795298 TI - A comparison of preparations of highly purified human pituitary follicle stimulating hormone: differences in the follicle-stimulating hormone potencies as determined by in-vivo bioassay, in-vitro bioassay and immunoassay. PMID- 6795299 TI - Release of 3H-triamcinolone from Ledermix. PMID- 6795300 TI - The vascular bed as the primary target in the destruction of skin grafts by antiserum. II. Loss of sensitivity to antiserum in long-term xenografts of skin. AB - Rat skin that survives for long periods of time on immunosuppressed mice becomes resistant to anti-graft serum and remains so for as long as it survives. When long-standing grafts are removed and placed on new immunosuppressed mice, they remain resistant to antiserum for as long as they survive. The acquired resistance to antiserum seems, therefore, to be due to changes in the grafts rather than to changes in their hosts. Furthermore, it was found that the acquisition of resistance is correlated with replacement of graft endothelium by host cells, as demonstrated by the use of immunofluorescent techniques in conjunction with mouse anti-rat serum and rat anti-mouse serum. Evidently, humoral antibodies are able to cause acute damage to skin grafts, and presumably to grafts to other organized tissues, only if they react with antigens of graft endothelium. Long-term grafts that are retransplanted to their original donors or to rats syngeneic with those donors are in most cases rejected, whereas 14-d-old grafts similarly regrafted are in no case rejected. Apparently, the responses of the secondary recipients to the mouse endothelial antigens in long-term grafts lead to destruction of the entire grafts. When long-standing rat skin xenografts are removed and placed on untreated mice syngeneic with the primary hosts, they are in every case rejected, although they survive slightly longer than skin taken directly from rat donors. Rejection is accompanied by a mononuclear infiltrate and is qualitatively indistinguishable from the rejection of freshly prepared rat skin. Clearly, sensitized cells are more efficient than humoral antibody in destroying grafted tissues. PMID- 6795301 TI - A common idiotype on SJL and C57BL/6 anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl antibodies and its relationship with lambda chain production. AB - Hybridoma cell lines secreting antibodies specific to (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenyl) acetyl (NP) were generated by fusion of NP-immunized SJL spleen cells with the SP2/0 cell line. One hybridoma (N-hybridoma) anti-NP antibody (mu, lambda2) was found to partially inhibit (35-40%) the binding of the predominant idiotype in primary C57BL/6 anti-NP antibodies (NPb). Iodinated hybridoma antibody could be completely bound with anti-idiotypic antiserum made against either specifically purified C57BL/6 anti-NP antibodies, SJL anti-NP antibodies, or N-hybridoma antibody. The idiotypic specificities defined with anti-idiotypic antiserum made against N-hybridoma antibody were termed NP-1 idiotype. Strain distribution and genetic mapping studies indicate that the gene(s) controlling the production of NP-1 idiotype is closely associated with Igh-1b and Igh-1e alleles and mapped within the same chromosomal segment that controls the synthesis of NPb idiotype. However, unlike NPb idiotype, the expression of NP-1 idiotype is not influenced by the gene(s) that control lambda1 chain synthesis. Thus, SJL mice that produce low or undetectable levels of NPb idiotype due to a defect in lambda1 chain production express high levels of NP-1 idiotype. Specifically purified C57BL/6 and SJL anti-NP antibodies fully express NP-1 idiotype, the level of which correlates with the level of lambda2 chain-bearing molecules. Nonetheless, further experiments indicate that lambda1-bearing anti-NP antibodies can express extremely weak NP-1 idiotypic cross-reactivity. PMID- 6795302 TI - Regulation of immune responses by I-J gene products. I. Production and characterization of anti-I-J monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using a novel, two-step functional screening procedure, we have isolated hybridoma B cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies directed against gene products of the I-Jb and I-Jk subregions of the mouse H-2 complex. These monoclonal antibodies act in vitro by allowing nonresponder spleen cells to respond to normally suppressive quantities of poly(Glu50Tyr50) (GT) (WF8 series of anti-I-Jk monoclonal antibodies) or to suboptimal concentration of poly(Glu60Ala30Tyr10) (WF9 series of anti-I-Jb monoclonal antibodies). Some of the culture supernates that show augmenting activity bind GT-specific T cell derived suppressor factor (GT-TsF), indicating that some monoclonal antiantibodies display a nonspecific enhancing effect, or, more likely, that anti I-J monoclonal antibodies have been produced against I-J determinants not found on TsF. It is this last possibility that is most intriguing and that might serve as a means for exploring the heterogeneity of the I-J subregion. It is also possible that some of our monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies might detect antigenic determinants selectively expressed on suppressor T cells, helper T cells, and/or macrophages. In addition, we have demonstrated that monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies should be useful in the biochemical characterization and purification of a monoclonal GT-TsF. These haplotype-specific anti-I-J monoclonal antibodies should prove to be powerful tools for future studies exploring the role of I-J gene products in the regulation of specific immune responses. PMID- 6795303 TI - Occurrence of an incomplete C8 molecule in homozygous C8 deficiency in man. AB - Sera from unrelated individuals with recurrent Neisserial infections lacked C8 hemolytic activity, but contained a protein that is antigenically related to C8. Immunochemical analysis revealed complete identity of the C8-related protein of all three sera and a marked antigenic deficiency compared with normal C8. The C8 related protein was isolated from serum by adsorption to immobilized anti-C8 IgG, elution with 3 M guanidine, and subsequent gel filtration. Upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, the abnormal protein resembled the alpha-gamma subunit of normal C8 with respect to mobility and its ability to be cleaved upon reduction into the alpha and gamma chains. The beta chain present in normal C8 was absent. Sedimentation equilibrium analysis indicated a molecular weight of 86,000 for the abnormal C8 protein, which is identical to that of the alpha-gamma subunit of normal C8. Amino acid analysis revealed no significant difference between the abnormal C8 and normal alpha gamma. Unlike normal C8, the abnormal protein did not bind to EAC1-7 or to SC5b 7; however, upon addition to the deficient serum of beta chain isolated from normal C8, hemolytic activity was restored and formation of SC5b-9 occurred. We concluded that the dysfunctional C8 protein in the three individuals' serum is identical to the alpha-gamma subunit of normal C8 and that this form of C8 deficiency is distinct from the C8 deficiencies previously reported in which the entire three-chain protein is lacking. PMID- 6795304 TI - B cell helper factors. I. Requirement for both interleukin 2 and another 40,000 mol wt factor. AB - A helper factor(s) distinct from interleukin 2 (IL-2) was shown to be present in the concanavalin A-stimulated supernatant of normal mouse spleen cells (normal Con A Sn). Spleen cells thoroughly depleted of T cells required both IL-2 and this factor to produce antibody-secreting cells in response to sheep erythrocytes, although in the presence of IL-2 and a few T cells the requirement for the factor was less apparent. The factor had an apparent approximately 40,000 mol wt. The factor was found in normal Con A Sn that had been depleted of IL-2 by absorption with IL-2-dependent T cells and was absent from Con A-stimulated supernatants of the IL-2-producing T cell hybridoma, FS6-14.13. These results indicate that multiple helper factors control the B cell response to antigen and that IL-2, in addition to its T cell growth promoting activity, plays a direct role in B cell responses. PMID- 6795305 TI - In vivo effects of antibodies to immune response gene products. I. Haplotype specific suppression of humoral immune responses with a monoclonal anti-I-A. AB - Immune response (Ir) gene products control immunologic function at several critical sites. We administered in vivo a monoclonal antibody reactive with I-Ak to F1 mice with the genotype H-2k/b. These treated mnice made a markedly reduced antibody response to antigen (H,G)-A--L, under the control of I-Ak, but not to antigen (T,G)-A--L, under the control of I-Ab. This relative specificity was lost if the antigen was given in complete Freund's adjuvant rather than aqueous solution. The monoclonal antibody reduced the antibody titer in an ongoing, secondary response as well. Several potential mechanisms can be postulated for this effect. This haplotypic specificity might ultimately be relevant to human disease. PMID- 6795306 TI - Encephalopathy secondary to abusive gasoline inhalation. PMID- 6795307 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement. Coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. PMID- 6795308 TI - Determination of total and unbound valproic acid in human serum by gas-liquid chromatography. PMID- 6795309 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, chlorpromazine and L-dopa or bromocriptin tests in Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal hyperplasia and adrenal adenoma. PMID- 6795311 TI - Characterization of immunoreactive thyrotropin releasing hormone in human fetal cerebellum. AB - High concentrations (411 +/- 30 pg/mg protein; mean +/- S.E., n = 12) of immunoreactive TRH (TRHi) were detected in extracts of human fetal cerebellum (13 26 weeks gestation). The TRHi in the cerebellar extracts, when subjected to gel filtration and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), co-migrated with synthetic TRH. In each instance, no TRHi was detected which did not share identical chromatographic mobilities with synthetic TRH. Like synthetic TRH, the TRHi in extracts of fetal cerebellum and hypothalamus was insoluble in diethyl ether and was efficiently degraded when incubated at 37 degrees C with adult rat serum. No significant degradation of TRHi occurred when the incubation was conducted at 0 degrees C or when the extracts were incubated with rat serum that had been preheated at 60 degrees C for 20 min. Neither synthetic TRH nor TRHi in extracts of fetal cerebellum of hypothalamus was degraded when incubated with human umbilical cord serum at 37 degrees C or 0 degrees C. The results of this study are supportive of the view that the TRHi in extracts of human fetal cerebellum is identical to TRH. PMID- 6795310 TI - Non-A, Non-B hepatitis virus: identification of a core antigen-antibody system that cross reacts with hepatitis B core antigen and antibody. AB - Using immunodiffusion, a major cross-reactivity had been previously demonstrated between hepatitis B(HBe/3 Ag) and the antigen reported in the serum on non A, non B hepatitis patients, therefore redesignated NANBe Ag. By direct immunofluorescence a new antigen associated with, but distinct from, NANBe Ag has now been identified in the liver of 14/26 patients with NANB chronic active hepatitis. The homologous antibody was detected in the serum of these 14 patients. Behaving like HBc Ag and cross reacting with it by immunofluorescence, the new antigen was termed NANBc Ag. Anti NANBc also became detectable in serial acute phase and convalescence sera from 5/5 NANB Ag-positive posttransfusion hepatitis cases. Further characterization of NANBe and NANBc antigens achieved by fractionation of a NANB virus-infected liver showed NANBc Ag to be expressed on 22-25 nm HB core-like particles containing DNA polymerase activity. Cross reactivity between NANBc and HBc antigens was confirmed by immunodiffusion. Liver derived NANBe Ag identical to serum NANBe Ag exhibited the same physical properties as HBe/3 Ag and could be similarly released by disruption of the non A, non-B, virus cores. These results indicate that hepatitis B and NANB virions not only share the same structure and DNA polymerase activity but are also antigenically related and belong to the same new class of DNA viruses. PMID- 6795312 TI - omega-Fluoromethyl analogues of omega-amino acids as irreversible inhibitors of 4 aminobutyrate:2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase. AB - omega-Monofluoromethyl and omega-difluoromethyl analogues of the known substrates of GABA-T, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and 5-aminopentanoic acid, are time-dependent inhibitors of purified 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase (GABA-T). The inhibitory activity decreases with increasing chain length. In vitro, inhibitory activity decreases with increasing fluorine substitution of the methyl group. In vivo, beta-difluoromethyl-beta-alanine and 2,4-difluoro-3-aminobutyric acid are the most potent GABA-T inhibitors ever reported. Trifluoromethyl derivatives are devoid of GABA-T inhibitory activity in vitro or in vivo. PMID- 6795313 TI - Absence of significant endocrine deficiencies in benign intracranial hypertension. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary function tests have been carried out in young, obese females with both recently diagnosed and longstanding benign intracranial hypertension. No abnormalities have been found which could be implicated in the pathogenesis of the condition, nor have we been able to demonstrate any convincing evidence of long-term hypothalamic pituitary damage. The results of these investigations can be difficult to interpret and invalid conclusions may be drawn if all factors involved are not carefully considered. PMID- 6795314 TI - An immunoperoxidase study of senile cerebral amyloidosis with pathogenetic considerations. AB - Samples of human cerebral cortex were obtained from twelve autopsied patients with Alzheimer's disease or "normal" aging. Rabbit or goat anti-human antisera to the following plasma proteins: IgG, F(ab')2, Fc, kappa and lambda light chains, IgM, IgA, fibrinogen, albumin, C3, lysozyme, haptoglobin, macroglobulin, and microglobulin; antibodies to the following intracellular proteins: glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein, filamin, actin, non-muscle myosin, tubulin, cholinergic vesicle proteins, and neurofilament (NF) proteins were utilized in the immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge. Amyloid cores of classical or perivascular plaques and dyshoric angiopathy exhibited a strong reaction for intact IgG and for both of its light chains, moderate reactions for lysozyme, fibrinogen, albumin and IgA, and weak reactions for IgM, C3, Fc, F(ab')2, haptoglobin, macroglobulin and microglobulin. Antibodies to all three NF proteins, individually and pooled, stained dyshoric and plaque amyloid, while antibodies to other intracellular proteins did not. The coronae of classical plaques and many primitive plaques stained for GFA, but inconsistently for IgG, both light chains, lysozyme, actin, tubulin, and NF proteins. Affected vessels of three patients with Congophilic angiopathy were reactive for all plasma proteins (especially IgG, fibrinogen, and albumin) and for NF proteins. NF staining in Congophilic blood vessels, although variable, revealed a peripheral or adventitial distribution, whereas plasma proteins tended to be localized in the media of the vessel wall. The distributions of Congo red and NF positivity were often identical. Both NF and Congo red staining was sensitive to oxidation. Isolated NF proteins were Congophilic and capable of displaying apple-green birefringence. A hypothesis concerning the role of NF proteins in senile cerebral amyloid is presented. PMID- 6795315 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin for the treatment of chronic cerebral vasoconstriction in the primate. AB - A primate model of chronic cerebral vasoconstriction is presented which closely approximates the human experience following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment of the vasoconstriction with intravenous nitroglycerin produces a modest, but statistically significant, increase in the size of the most constricted vessels (11%, p less than 0.02) when compared with a control infusion of normal saline. The significance of these experiments is discussed. PMID- 6795316 TI - Effects of indomethacin and prostacyclin on isolated human pial arteries contracted by CSF from patients with aneurysmal SAH. AB - In small human cerebral arteries preincubated with indomethacin, contractions induced by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), from patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were markedly increased. Also contractions induced by noradrenaline, but not 5 hydroxytryptamine, were augmented. Prostacyclin and its metabolite 6-keto prostaglandin (PG)E1 reversed the contractions induced by CSF, as well as by noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and PGF2 alpha. The findings suggest that these substances are able to counteract the influence of vasoconstrictor material in hemorrhagic CSF. If the capacity to synthesize these "protective" arachidonic acid metabolites is reduced, the resulting imbalance between contractile and relaxant forces acting on the vessel wall may lead to sustained cerebral vasoconstriction. PMID- 6795317 TI - Apnea testing in the diagnosis of brain death. Clinical and physiological observations. AB - The absence of spontaneous respiration is a crucial determinant in the diagnosis of brain death, but standardized criteria for apnea testing have not been established. Guidelines are proposed based on the results of 51 apnea tests and associated physiological measurements. In patients who fulfilled all other conventional criteria for brain death, three exhibited non-repetitive back arching and shoulder shrugging when CO2 pressures reached 41 to 51 mm Hg during apnea testing. These respiratory-like movements were ineffective for ventilation and were not reproducible on the following day at the same of higher pCO2. The nature of these movements, evoked potential testing, and autopsy results suggest that they were not triggered by normal medullary centers, and that these patients were, in fact, brain-dead. In four other patients with severe brain damage sparing only the medulla, normal spontaneous ventilation resumed at CO2 pressures of 30 to 39 mm Hg (mean 34 mm Hg). High arterial oxygen tension raised this apnea point slightly, but spontaneous breathing always began at CO2 pressures lower than 40 mm Hg. This level is therefore adequate to stimulate medullary respiration in patients with severe brain damage who are not brain-dead. In brain dead patients, pCO2 rises slowly during apnea (2.58 +/- 0.85 mm Hg/min), in part because CO2 production is diminished (1.8 +/- 0.23 ml/min/kg). These data allow estimation of a desired length of an apnea test and standardized interpretation of results. PMID- 6795318 TI - Superficial peroneal nerve entrapment. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases of entrapment of the superficial peroneal nerve are presented. This is an unusual cause for leg discomfort and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of leg pain. PMID- 6795319 TI - Cell labeling: achievements, challenges, and prospects. PMID- 6795320 TI - Alteration of CO2 production during nonfasting isotopic CO2 breath tests: concise communication. AB - Carbon isotope breath tests are often interpreted assuming a constant endogenous production of CO2 (some including calculations assuming a specific production of 9 mmol CO2/body weight per hour). We have evaluated the endogenous-CO2 production following ingestion of caloric meals varying with the range of most currently available carbon isotope breath tests. On three separate test days, fasting basal CO2 production was 8.08 +/- 0.55, 8.00 +/- 0.47, and 8.23 +/- 0.48 mmol/kg-hr (mean +/- s.e.m.), with a range 6-11 mmol/kg-hr. Administration of zero and 100 kcal led to no significant change from the basal CO2 production. In contrast, administration of 200 kcal or more led to significant elevation of endogenous CO2 production both by normal subjects and by subjects with nutrient malabsorption. This phenomenon could influence interpretation of some nonfasting isotopic CO2 breath tests; it deserves further evaluation. PMID- 6795321 TI - Radiometric-microbiologic assay fo vitamin B-6: analysis of plasma samples. AB - A radiometric microbiologic assay for the analysis of vitamin B-6 in plasma was developed. The method is based on the measurement of 14CO2 generated from the metabolism of DL-l-14C-valine (L-l-14C-valine) by Kloeckera brevis. The assay is specific for the biologically active forms of the vitamin, that is, pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine, and their respective phosphorylated forms. The biologically inert vitamin B-6 metabolite (4-pyridoxic acid) did not generate a response at concentrations tested. The radiometric technique was shown to be sensitive to the 1 nanogram level. Reproducibility and recovery studies gave good results. Fifteen plasma samples were assayed using the radiometric and turbidimetric techniques. The correlation coefficient was r = 0.98. Turbid material or precipitated debris did not interfere with the radiometric microbiologic assay, thus allowing for simplification of assay procedure. PMID- 6795322 TI - Prolonged consumption by infants of wheat-based diets with and without casein or lysine supplementation. AB - Infants consumed 75% of calories as 82% extraction wheat flour with satisfactory short-term protein and energy digestion. Protein needs, represented by N retentions from casein, probably were not satisfied. Long-term (3+ months) studies in four infants showed that 50% calories and 80% protein from wheat (casein added to 8% protein calories) supported weight gain and linear growth more than expected. Prolonged feeding of 75% calories and 100% protein from wheat attempted in three infants. In the oldest (15.5 months), digestibility and growth was satisfactory; in one, despite good digestion, weight gain and growth was inadequate and serum albumin fell until 0.2% lysine was added; and in another, weight gain was satisfactory but albumin fell to 3.25 g/dl and growth was inadequate. In six other infants, lysine addition during the 2nd of 3 months was associated with significant increase in N retention and weight gain and stabilization of albumin; lysine withdrawal resulted in significant decrease in weight gain with no effect on N retention or albumin; growth was barely adequate during 3-month study. Serum cholesterol fell only when dietary protein was inadequate. It is practically impossible for unsupplemented wheat to satisfy protein needs of infants and most small children. PMID- 6795323 TI - Protein quality and digestibility of sorghum in preschool children: balance studies and plasma free amino acids. AB - The protein quality and digestibility of two high lysine (2.9-3.0 g/100 g protein) and tow conventional varieties (lysine content 2.1-2.2 g/100 g protein) of whole grain sorghum milled as flour were assessed through balance studies in 13 children 6-30 months of age. Sorghum protein provided 6.4 or 8.0% of dietary energy. Control diets contained 64% kcal protein as casein. Children consumed 100 150 kcal/kg body weight/day. Sorghum consumption was associated with weight loss or poor weight gain. We found no difference by variety in apparent nitrogen absorption or retention. Mean absorption and retention of nitrogen (+/- SD) from 26 six-day sorghum dietary periods were 46 +/- 17% and 14 +/- 10% of intake, respectively (corresponding preceding casein control values: 81 +/- 5% and 38 +/- 3%). Stool weight and energy losses during sorghum periods averaged 2.5 to 3 times control values. Plasma amino acids were determined in eleven children after 16 days of sorghum consumption. Fasting concentration of total amino acids (TAA) was similar to values previously obtained with wheat protein at similar levels of intake. Total concentration of essential amino acids (TEAA) was low as were concentrations of lysine (Lys) and threonine (Thr). Analysis of postprandial changes of the Lys/TEAA and Thr/TEAA molar ratios confirmed that Lys was the first limiting amino acid. PMID- 6795324 TI - The effect of patent ductus arteriosus on flow velocity in the anterior cerebral arteries: ductal steal in the premature newborn infant. AB - Marked changes in blood flow velocity in the anterior cerebral arteries, measured by a Doppler technique, have been related to PDA in premature infants. Thus, 55 premature infants of birth weight less than 2,000 gm were studied. Ten developed PDA between days three and ten of life. A sharp decrease in diastolic flow velocity and an increase in pulse amplitude in the ACA was observed with the occurrence of PDA. Return of these values to normal occurred promptly following closure of the lesion. These changes in flow velocity and pulse amplitude in the ACA appear to be determined principally by changes in systemic diastolic pressure which accompany PDA. There was no consistent relationship between the changes in flow velocity and arterial PCO2 values. These data suggest that PDA may be involved in the genesis of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral injury in the premature newborn infant. Thus, the decrease in flow velocity appears to represent a "steal" of blood from the cerebral arteries, analogous to other documented steal phenomena observed in older patients. Major fluctuations of blood flow velocity in the ACA, with opening and closure of the PDA, and the increase in amplitude of each pulse with PDA may, in the presence of disturbed autoregulation, cause rupture of the capillaries of the germinal matrix and thus, IVH. PMID- 6795325 TI - Skin-surface CO2 measurement in sick preterm and term infants. AB - To evaluate the clinical usefulness of a heated CO2 electrode at 43 degrees C for measurement of skin surface PCO2, we made 157 simultaneous determinations of PSCO2 and arterial PCO2. Arterial samples were drawn from an umbilical artery catheter, and the PaCO2 was measured within two minutes and was corrected for body temperature. We obtained two to 43 paired samples per infant from 22 infants (gestational age = 27 to 40 weeks) during the first 12 days of life. Over a four hour period there was no significant drift of the electrode calibration and no significant change in PSCO2-PaCO2 (delta). Over the range PaCO2 26 to 72 torr, PaCO2 was linearly related to PSCO2 (PaCO2 = 0.37 PSCO2, + 17.46) r = 0.79). To pursue the factors which determine delta, we performed step-wise multiple regression analysis and found that the only significant independent variables were PSCO2 and postnatal age (delta = 0.79 CO2 [torr] - 1.2 age [days] - 23.9 [r = 0.93]). Insignificant independent variables were blood pressure, gestational age, hematocrit, weight at time of study, and drug therapy. PMID- 6795326 TI - Footprinting the newborn infant: not cost effective. PMID- 6795327 TI - Possible teratogenic effect of valproic acid. PMID- 6795328 TI - Nitrogen balance during parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6795329 TI - Antibody-independent, natural resistance of birds to Trypanosoma cruzi infection. AB - Complement (C) activity present in normal human serum has been reported to lyse circulating forms of Trypanosoma cruzi following activation by specific host antibodies bound to the surface of the parasites. In view of this observation, we examined the possibility that a similar phenomenon may cause lysis of T. cruzi by avian complement, a mechanism postulated to be responsible for the natural resistance of birds to T. cruzi infection and previously described as being antibody independent. Trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi grown either in lethally irradiated mice or in cell cultures were lysed readily by the sera of agammaglobulinemic chickens. Lytic activity and titers of normal and agammaglobulinemic sera were comparable. The lytic reaction was inhibited by heat inactivation of the sera, or by addition of EDTA or cobra venom factor to the assay mixtures. Lysis of T. cruzi was observed when calcium, but no magnesium ions, were chelated with EGTA. Furthermore, a significant loss of lytic activity was observed when sera from C-depleted chickens were tested. Normal and agammaglobulinemic chickens cleared intravenously injected parasites (from either lethally irradiated mice or cell cultures) from their circulation in 7 min or less whereas C-depleted animals required 1,740 min or longer. Routine examination of the parasites from these two sources by immunofluorescence confirmed the absence of immunoglobulins on their surface. These results emphasize the lack of requirement of antibodies for, and the important role of complement in both the natural resistance that birds exhibit against T. cruzi infection and the lytic activity displayed by avain serum on virulent forms of T. cruzi. PMID- 6795330 TI - Production of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus with high infections of Theileria parva. PMID- 6795331 TI - The extraction of Sarcoptes scabiei from mammalian hosts. PMID- 6795332 TI - Adenosine deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.4) from Hymenolepis diminuta. PMID- 6795333 TI - Chemical treatment of diseased root surfaces in vitro. PMID- 6795334 TI - Excretion of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil in urine of mice. AB - Excretion and metabolites in urine and feces of mice after oral administration of l-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil-6-14C (14C-HCFU) or 5-fluorouracil-6-14C (14C-FU) were examined. After oral administration, about 90% of 14C-HCFU was excreted in urine within 48 h but not in feces. Major radioactive compounds in urine were 1 (3-carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil (CPRFU), FU, 5, 6-dihydro-5 fluorouracil (DHFU) and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine (FBAL). Excretion ratio of these metabolites within 48 h was 13.5, 32.5, 20.2 and 23.9%, respectively, CPRFU and FU were rapidly excreted in urine after 14C-HCFU administration followed by DHFU and FBAL. Excretion of the latter two degradation products of FU was slower. On the other hand, major metabolites in urine after 14C-FU administration were DHFU and FBAL, but intact FU was slightly excreted. Excretion ratio of FU, DHFU and FBAL within 48 h was 4.8, 58.1 and 28.2%, respectively. PMID- 6795335 TI - Further studies of sulfoxide-reducing enzyme system. AB - Various kinds of flavoenzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, NADH cytochrome b5 reductase, xanthine oxidase, lipoamide dehydrogenase and NADH dehydrogenase supplemented with their electron donors exhibited the sulfoxide reductase activity in the presence of a partially purified soluble factor from guinea pig liver. The present study suggests that new electron transfer systems in which the soluble factor functions as an electron carrier coupled with flavoenzymes described above are responsible for the sulfoxide reduction. PMID- 6795336 TI - Mechanism of interaction between polyols and aluminum hydroxide gel. AB - IR spectroscopy and changes in the rate of acid neutralization were used to study the interaction between various polyols and aluminum hydroxide. Hydrogen bonding is responsible for this interaction, although structural requirements limit the polyols that interact with aluminum hydroxide. Mannitol and sorbitol, both linear polyols, interacted with sulfate-containing aluminum hydroxide gel and aluminum hydroxycarbonate gel, while inositol, a cyclic polyol, did not interact. The adsorbed polyol has the favorable effect of inhibiting the polymerization reaction that occurs on aging and the negative effect of reducing the rate of acid neutralization. Thus, the specific polyol and concentration must be carefully selected to maximize the desired effect of stabilizing the gel structure. The presence of mannitol in the reaction medium during precipitation did not significantly enhance gel structure stability, probably because the mannitol was desorbed during the washing process as a consequence of the weak adsorption forces. PMID- 6795337 TI - Alterations in integrity of goldfish membrane induced by edetate disodium. AB - The effect of the chelating agent edetate disodium on the integrity of the goldfish membrane was examined. The time to produce death in goldfish exposed to secobarbital sodium was used as a reflection of membrane integrity. Although a minimum edetate disodium concentration was necessary to induce alterations in integrity, no direct relationship between the effect and concentration of the chelating agent was evident. The chelating agent's effect appeared to be an enhancement of the transport of the ionized drug form. The change in membrane integrity existed at least 24 hr after theoretical exposure to edetate disodium, but cyclic alterations in integrity could not be ruled out. The effect on integrity was also demonstrated to be nonpermanent, and the apparent loss in integrity was partially restored by calcium byt not by magnesium. PMID- 6795338 TI - Improved liquid chromatographic assay for serum fluorouracil concentrations in the presence of ftorafur. AB - An improved liquid chromatographic assay for serum ftorafur and fluorouracil is shown to be routine, sensitive, and reproducible using 200 micro l of serum. Dilute ammonium acetate buffer at pH 10.2 is used for solubilization of the evaporated ethyl acetate extract for injection into the liquid chromatograph. A stability study indicated little or no in vitro formation of fluorouracil from ftorafur under the conditions described. Low serum fluorouracil levels were found after administration of therapeutic doses of ftorafur. PMID- 6795339 TI - Plasma protein binding interaction between valproic and salicylic acids in rhesus monkeys. AB - The effects of three levels of salicylic acid on the steady-state plasma concentrations of free and total valproic acid were examined in catheterized rhesus monkeys. Valproate was infused intravenously for a total of 41 hr, and salicylate was added after the first 8 hr. The three salicylate infusions were randomly assigned to each monkey. Valproate free fraction was determined by equilibrium dialysis. Statistically significant increases in valproate free fraction and total body clearance were observed after addition of salicylic acid. The increase in valproate clearance was positively correlated with the molar ratio of salicylate to valproate steady-state plasma concentrations. There was no significant change in valproate free concentration after salicylate treatment. The proposed mechanism of this in vivo interaction includes plasma protein binding displacement with no change in valproate intrinsic clearance. PMID- 6795340 TI - Neuropharmacological characterization of a taurine antagonist. AB - 6-Aminomethyl-3-methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide hydrochloride (TAG) applied by microiontophoresis caused a prompt and readily reversible antagonism of the inhibitory effects of taurine and beta-alanine on rat somatosensory cerebral cortical neurons and cerebellar Purkinje neurons, although not affecting the actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid. TAG also consistently reduced, but did not abolish, the synaptically evoked inhibitions of Purkinje cells produced by electrical stimulation of the cerebellar surface. On the isolated amphibian spinal cord, TAG caused a dose-related enhancement of the dorsal root-ventral root potential, although not substantially affecting the dorsal root-dorsal root potential. Qualitative studies on the amphibian spinal cord showed that the depolarizing actions of taurine and beta-alanine on the dorsal roots, but not those of gamma-aminobutyric acid or glycine, were reduced by TAG. Somewhat surprisingly, TAG also offset the inhibitory effects on cortical cells and the dorsal root depolarizing actions of muscimol, 3-aminopropane sulfonic acid and piperidine-4-sulfonic acid, all of which heretofore have been considered as selective gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists. These findings would appear to lend a substantial degree of credence to the repeated suggestions that taurine may subserve a neurotransmitter-type function in the mammalian central nervous system. Furthermore, the availability of a relatively specific antagonist might reasonable be expected to facilitate efforts to elucidate the physiological functions of taurine not only in the central nervous system but in other organ systems in the body as well. PMID- 6795341 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase-dependent cooxidation of acetaminophen to intermediates which covalently bind in vitro to rabbit renal medullary microsomes. AB - The metabolism of acetaminophen during prostaglandin biosynthesis was studied in vitro. [3H]Acetaminophen was rapidly metabolized by ram seminal vesicle microsomes to an intermediate(s) which covalently binds to microsomal protein. Arachidonic acid, a substrate for the fatty acid cyclooxygenase component of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase (PES), was required to support binding. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin inhibited binding. Cumene hydroperoxide, a substrate for the hydroperoxidase component of PES, supported covalent binding which was not inhibitable by indomethacin. Acetaminophen also stimulated oxygen uptake during prostaglandin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. By using a purified PES preparation with bovine serum albumin as the acceptor protein, similar results were obtained. Binding was dependent upon the presence of PES and arachidonic acid and was inhibited by indomethacin. Experiments were then carried out by using microsomes prepared form the rabbit kidney medulla, a possible target organ of acetaminophen-induced toxicity. Arachidonic acid and cumene hydroperoxide supported covalent binding, whereas indomethacin inhibited binding supported by the former but not the latter. Reduced glutathione prevented covalent binding to protein when added to the incubation mixture and NADPH did not support binding. The results suggest that the cooxidation of acetaminophen during prostaglandin biosynthesis may play a role in the renal metabolism and possible nephrotoxicity of this compound. PMID- 6795342 TI - Relationship between cyclooxygenase activity (COA) inhibition and stimulation of ventilation by salicylate. AB - Recent investigations have demonstrated that inhibition of the cyclooxygenase enzyme of the prostaglandin synthetase complex accounts for most of the pharmacological effects of salicylate. To determine whether inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity (COA) plays a role in stimulation of ventilation (VE) by salicylate, sodium salicylate and other more potent inhibitors of COA (i.e., indomethacin and ibuprofen) were infused into anesthetized dogs. These experimental intravascular infusions lasted 1 hr; VE and oxygen consumption (VO2) were continuously measured. In the initial series of experiments, all COA inhibitors were infused at a rate of 25 mumol/kg/min. It was noted that only salicylate elicited consistent increases in either VE or VO2. The possibility that high infusion rates of potent COA inhibitors may prevent stimulation of VE by some additional toxic effect was explored in a second series of experiments in which we infused the minimal amount of COA inhibitors necessary to completely inhibit cyclooxygenase in other experimental situations. In these experiments, it was noted that none of the COA inhibitors (i.e., salicylate, meclofenamate, indomethacin or ibuprofen) stimulated either VE or VO2. These observations suggest that salicylate stimulates VE by a mechanism other than inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase. Because salicylate-induced increases in VE and VO2 followed a similar time course, these results are consistent with our concept that stimulation of VE by salicylate is related to tissue hypermetabolism. PMID- 6795343 TI - Valproic acid and its metabolites: placental transfer, neonatal pharmacokinetics, transfer via mother's milk and clinical status in neonates of epileptic mothers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) and several metabolites were measured in 11 epileptic mothers and their 12 newborns. VPA was found in higher concentrations in cord serum than in maternal serum [(factor 1.7 +/- 0.6; (n = 6)]. VPA was excreted in the neonates with a mean half-life of 47 +/- 15 hr (n = 8) which is approximately 4 times the mean value found in adult epileptics. Maternal comedication (primidone and phenytoin) resulted in slightly reduced half lives. The transplacental kinetics of the two main VPA metabolites in blood were similar to those of VPA. The very low levels of VPA in mother's milk (3% of maternal serum concentrations) suggest apparent safety of breast feeding. The [13C]aminopyrine breath test indicated neonatal hepatic enzyme activities which were slightly above those of unexposed neonates, but much below those of neonates which had been exposed to primidone and phenytoin in utero. Six of eight neonates exposed to VPA-monotherapy, but only one exposed to primidone or phenytoin comedication, developed an icterus neonatorum. A number of minor anomalies (four to eight per child) were observed, particularly hernias, diastasis of musculus rectus abdominis and weak abdominal walls. Two children were microcephalic and in another four children the head circumferences were below the 10th percentile. Significant withdrawal symptoms were not observed. Also hypoplasia of the nails and phalanges and facial dysmorphism associated with the "fetal hydantoin syndrome" did not occur in VPA-exposed children except in one case in which primidone had been administered as comedication. PMID- 6795344 TI - Difference in site and time course of coronary dilating effects of trapidil, nitroglycerin and dipyridamole in anesthetized dogs. AB - Effects of trapidil, a non-nitrate type coronary vasodilator, nitroglycerin and dipyridamole on epicardial coronary diameter and total coronary resistance were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. The epicardial coronary diameter of the left circumflex coronary artery was measured by sonomicrometry and total coronary resistance was calculated by aortic pressure and coronary blood flow. Intravenous administration of Trapidil, as well as nitroglycerin, produced transient decreases in total coronary resistance followed by sustained dilation of the large coronary artery. Dipyridamole increased coronary blood flow by 2.7-fold, whereas diameter of the large coronary artery decreased along with the reduction of aortic pressure. The first peak of the biphasic increases in coronary blood flow and subsequent dilation of the large coronary artery appeared after an i.v. bolus administration of trapidil or nitroglycerin and remained even after beta adrenergic blockade. Intracoronary administration of either drug produced monophasic increases in coronary blood flow along with subsequent dilation of the large coronary artery. Thus, trapidil, like nitroglycerin, directly dilates the large and small coronary arteries. PMID- 6795345 TI - Triiodothyronine and adipose conversion of OB17 preadipocytes : binding to high affinity sites and effects on fatty acid synthetizing and esterifying enzymes. AB - Cells of a preadipocyte clonal line (ob 17) isolated from epididymal fat pad of ob/ob mouse possess high-affinity binding sites for triiodothyronine. A single class of sites was found on growing and early confluent cells (KD 0.14 +/- 0.025 nM ; 5,000 +/- 600 sites per cell). A two-fold increase in the number if T3 binding sites occurs during adipose conversion, with no significant change in KD values. The order of potency of structural analogs to compete with 125I-T3 is in favor of nuclear binding sites. A correlation was obtained 3 between this order of potency and the ability of the analogs, included on a long-term basis to confluent cells, to increase 14 C-acetate incorporation into lipids, suggesting an enhancement of de novo fatty acid synthesis, This hypothesis was supported by increased activity levels of fatty acid synthetase after chronic exposure to 1.5 nM triiodothyronine. Under these conditions activity levels of acid:CoA ligase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were also increased significantly. Inclusion of bromodeoxyuridine as a differentiation-blocking agent in the culture medium of growing cells decreases drastically the T3 effects, favoring the role of the latter hormone as amplifier of specific phenotypes expressed during adipose conversion. These results show that ob17 cell line should be an useful tool to study the role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of fatty acid synthesis and esterification in adipose cells. PMID- 6795346 TI - Inhibition of ovarian function in subordinate female marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). AB - Plasma concentrations of progesterone, cortisol, LH and prolactin were measured in dominant and subordinate female marmosets in 10 well-established peer groups. Subordinate females never ovulated, had a reduced LH response to LH-RH and showed no positive feedback LH surge after oestrogen administration. There was no evidence of elevated plasma cortisol levels or hyperprolactinaemia in subordinates and all showed a similar prolactin response to TRH in comparison with dominants. However, subordinates showed a reduced prolactin response to metoclopramide. These results clearly indicate that high circulating levels of cortisol or prolactin are not responsible for the inhibition of ovulation in female marmosets. PMID- 6795347 TI - Effects of various conditions of semen storage on the acrosin system of human spermatozoa. AB - Stability of the human sperm acrosin system (major components: non-zymogen acrosin, proacrosin and acrosin inhibitor) was studied under various conditions of semen storage used clinically or in the laboratory. Freezing at -196 degrees C caused a profound decrease in total acrosin content and in the amount of this enzyme present in zymogen form (proacrosin), but resulted in some increase in non zymogen acrosin. Acrosin inhibitor did not appear to be significantly affected by this treatment. No relationship was present between the decreases in sperm motility induced by freezing to -196 degrees C and the alterations in total acrosin, proacrosin and non-zymogen acrosin. Storage of whole semen at -20 degrees C had deleterious effects on all the components of the acrosin system measured except for non-zymogen acrosin. Major decreases in the total acrosin, proacrosin and acrosin inhibitor occurred after only 1 day at -20 degrees C and continued slowly thereafter. Whole semen kept at room temperature for up to 24 h after ejaculation did not show any significant changes in the sperm acrosin system. Seminal plasma did not have a detrimental or stabilizing effect of acrosin and proacrosin when spermatozoa were kept at room temperature. However, removal of seminal plasma and re-suspension of spermatozoa in 0.9% NaCl resulted n the liberation of a significant amount of the acrosin inhibitor from the spermatozoa and the apparent activation of some of the proacrosin to acrosin. PMID- 6795348 TI - Fertilization of rabbit oocytes co-cultured with granulosa cells. AB - Rabbit ovarian oocytes co-cultured with granulosa cells were transferred for fertilization to the oviducts of recipient does. Oocytes with cumulus cells and membrana granulosa cells were isolated before or 3 h after hCG injection. Granulosa cells did not prevent the resumption of meiosis but the time sequence of nuclear maturation was retarded by about 3 h. When oocytes were isolated from FSH-stimulated ovaries and cultured with only their cumulus cells or with cumulus and granulosa cells of the same origin, non-decondensed sperm heads were detected in about 30% oocytes after fertilization. Culture of FSH-stimulated oocytes with granulosa cells isolated 3 h after hCG injection substantially enhanced the development of male pronuclei to 88.2% and regular cleavage to 85.2% 10 h and 20 h after transfer, respectively. Further improvement was observed if the oocytes and their co-cultured granulosa cells had been exposed to hCG for 3 h. PMID- 6795349 TI - Induction of pulsatile LH release, FSH release and ovulation in post-partum acyclic beef cows by repeated small doses of Gn-RH. AB - Five acyclic spring-calving beef cows (20-40 days post partum) were bled every 15 min for 60 h and thereafter every 6 h for 5 days. Gn-RH (5 micrograms) was injected every 2 h for 48 h, starting 12 h after sampling began. Pulsatile patterns of LH release occurred synchronously in response to injection and 4 of the 5 treated animals subsequently ovulated and completed at least one full ovarian cycle. Four of 6 similar control cows were bled every 10 min for 8-h periods at equivalent times post partum. Pulses of LH were seen after approximately Day 25 post partum with a mean pulse frequency of 0.5 per h. There was little evidence of a discrete pulsatile mode of FSH release in any of the treated or control cows. The time to the first significant progesterone rise in the 4 treated and ovulating cows (34.5 +/- 5.6 days post partum) was significantly shorter (P less than 0.05) than in the 6 control animals (66.3 +/- 11.4 days). PMID- 6795351 TI - Inhibition of complement by gold sodium thiomalate. PMID- 6795350 TI - A study of the response of the leukopenia of rheumatoid arthritis to gold salt therapy. AB - Five patients with leukopenia and rheumatoid arthritis were treated with sodium aurothiomalate. An improvement in peripheral white blood count, neutrophil count and articular index was noted in all patients. PMID- 6795352 TI - Case mix complexity differences between teaching and nonteaching hospitals. AB - In the study reported here, the authors measured the differences between teaching and nonteaching hospitals in case mix complexity and provided some detail concerning the differences. They measured case complexity in a sample of 200 short-term general hospitals by the Resource Need Index (RNI) using a cross classification of 3,490 case types with weights compiled from patient charges. Median RNI values were moderately higher for teaching than for nonteaching hospitals both for the hospital as a whole and for each clinical service except obstetrics-gynecology. The most resource-intensive case type were relatively more frequent in the teaching hospitals, but the least resource-intensive types were of about equal relative frequency in the two hospital groups. The results show that teaching hospitals could be expected to cost somewhat more per patient even if case mix were the only factor. PMID- 6795353 TI - Extensive regions of homology in front of the two hsp70 heat shock variant genes in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6795354 TI - Physical properties of the hyaluronate binding region of proteoglycan from pig laryngeal cartilage. Densitometric and small-angle neutron scattering studies of carbohydrates and carbohydrate-protein macromolecules. PMID- 6795355 TI - Shapes, domain organizations and flexibility of laminin and fibronectin, two multifunctional proteins of the extracellular matrix. PMID- 6795356 TI - Serine-inserting UAA suppression mediated by yeast tRNASer. PMID- 6795357 TI - Correspondence of yeast UAA suppressors to cloned tRNASerUCA genes. PMID- 6795358 TI - Role of Asp102 in the enzymatic reaction of bovine beta-trypsin. A molecular orbital study. PMID- 6795359 TI - Specific reversal of cytolytic T lymphocyte--target cell interaction. AB - A functional assay is described that measures the reversal of specific cytolytic T cell (CTL)-target cell binding. Binding of 51Cr-labeled P815 cells was stable in suspension but could be readily reversed by the addition of unlabeled P815 cells. The reversal of CTL-tumor cell and CTL-spleen cell binding was H-2 specific; only cells of the same H-2 type as the bound target cell could induce reversal. In all cases, tumor cells were substantially more efficient than spleen cells in inducing specific reversal. PMID- 6795360 TI - Tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation reveals calcium ionophore-induced changes in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes. AB - TAG fixation of normal and Ca2+ ionophore-treated rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) has revealed membrane components not apparent with conventional glutaraldehyde fixation. These included a 30 A external electron-dense coating on untreated cells. A somewhat thicker coat (40 A) was observed in ionophore treated, nondegranulating PMN. In ionophore-treated, degranulating PMN, a 65 A cell membrane coat was observed. A similar coat was observed on the inner side of the membrane of some azurophil-type granules, but the electron density and thickness were not so pronounced. Cytoplasmic granules were often closely apposed and often protruded outward at the plasma membrane. Extracellular lamellae, sometimes stacked apposed to the plasma membrane, possibly represent remnants of intense granule extrusion. Sequential degranulation of the respective granules was not apparent. PMID- 6795361 TI - Prevention by estradiol of aflatoxin-induced cytotoxicity in cultured chick embryo liver cells. AB - Aflatoxin B1 at a final concentration of 10(-5) M depressed the sytheses of DNA, RNA and protein in cultured chick embryo liver cells. The same dose produced ultrastructural changes in the nucleus, such as nucleolar compactness or segregation of fibrillar and granular components and in the cytoplasmic area, such as vesiculation, dilatation or degranulation of endoplasmic meticulum. These acute toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 were partially decreased by an addition of 4 X 10(-5) M estradiol-17 beta. Namely estradiol-17 beta significantly reduced the nucleolar compactness and segregation of fibrillo-granular components but did not improve the vesiculation, dilatation and degranulation of endoplasmic reticulum. Estradiol-17 beta also protected the liver cells from the aflatoxin B1-induced inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis. These results suggest that the protective effect of estradiol-17 beta against the acute hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 is mainly due to an antagonistic interaction of both compounds on the synthesis of nucleic acid in nucleolus. PMID- 6795362 TI - Metabolic and immune effects of arginine in postinjury hyperalimentation. AB - Nitrogen balance and thymic immune function studies were carried out in rats subjected to anesthesia, jugular vein catheterization, and bilateral femoral fractures, who were then given for 5 days: A) D5W; B) D20 FreAmine II (total arginine 1.55 gm/L); or C) D20 FreAmine III (4.05 gm of arginine/L). Administration of hypercaloric amino acid mixtures had strong positive effects on nitrogen retention and thymic function when compared to isotonic dextrose infusion. The administration of solution C had the most positive effect on nitrogen balance and on thymic immune function. The data suggest that increased arginine administration may prove beneficial to injured patients. PMID- 6795363 TI - Tracheotomy in longterm management of sleep apnea. AB - A brief description of sleep apnea is given. Detailed case histories of two patients with obstructive sleep apnea illustrate the presentation of this condition. Tracheotomy in the successful longterm management (seven and four years) of these patients is described. PMID- 6795364 TI - A comparison of ultrasonography and radiography in the localization of renal calculi: experimental and operative experience. AB - The capabilities of radiography (mammography film) and ultrasonography (7 MHz. probe) were investigated in cadaver kidneys. Stones of varying size and composition were studied. Clinically, 11 patients then were studied with intraoperative radiography and ultrasonography. Both techniques appeared to localize calculi more than 3 mm. with high consistency in cadaver kidneys and in patients. Real-time B scan ultrasonography is a rapid and accurate technique that has the ability to identify lucent calculi. When used in association with intraoperative radiography, intraoperative ultrasonography can be a great aid in the surgical removal of renal calculi. PMID- 6795365 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the bladder in children. PMID- 6795366 TI - Cryoprecipitate coagulum as an adjunct to surgery for diverticula of the female urethra. PMID- 6795367 TI - Regression of atherosclerosis: preliminary but encouraging news. PMID- 6795368 TI - Serum bile acids and alanine aminotransferase concentrations. Comparison of efficacy as indirect means of identifying carriers of non-A, non-B hepatitis agents and of onset, severity, and duration of posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in recipients. AB - Indirect tests of liver function such as determinations of concentrations of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and conjugated bile acids (BA) have been advocated as indicators of both the infectivity of the blood of donors in transmitting non A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis and of the onset, severity, and duration of this disease in recipients. We therefore compared the predictive value of concentrations of ALT and postprandial concentrations of BA in the blood of 311 donors and in the blood of 41 recipients in whom either NANB or type B hepatitis developed after transfusion. Our results demonstrated that higher than normal concentrations of ALT (greater than 45 IU/L) in the blood of donors were generally accompanied with normal concentrations of BA (less than 6 mumole/L), and, therefore, concentrations of ALT may be more useful in predicting the infectivity of donor blood in transmitting NANB hepatitis. In addition, concentrations of ALT, compared with BA concentrations, were a significantly better indicator of the onset, severity, and duration of the disease in recipients in whom NANB hepatitis developed after transfusion. In recipients who had posttransfusion type B hepatitis, serum concentrations of ALT were significantly better indicators of the onset and severity of the disease than concentrations of BA. PMID- 6795369 TI - Prevention of posttransfusion hepatitis: cost-effective or not? PMID- 6795370 TI - 1981: a milestone for heart-lung transplants. PMID- 6795371 TI - The revolution in clinical immunology. PMID- 6795372 TI - Effect of alpha-tocopherol on sodium arachidonate-induced pulmonary embolism with platelet aggregates. AB - The effect of vitamin E (VE) on arachidonate-induced respiratory distress and sudden death in rats was examined. Fourteen VE deficient rats (VEDR), 11 normal control rats (NCR) and 12 VE supplemented rats (VESR) were injected with sodium arachidonate into the central vein, VEDR developed various arrhythmias, respiratory distress, apnea, hypotension, and 11 out of 14 VEDR (79%) died shortly after the injection. Many of these rats demonstrated obstruction of the small pulmonary vasculature with platelet aggregates. On the other hand, NCR and VESR developed much attenuated respiratory insufficiency and 5 out of 11 (45%) and 2 out of 12 (17%) died respectively. Twenty-six VEDR, 16 NCR and 25 VESR were used for an in vitro study of the platelet and vessel wall. VEDR demonstrated increases in platelet counts and aggregation as compared with NCR and VESR. Lipid peroxide in platelets, plasma and the aorta was significantly increased in VEDR. Prostacyclin-like activity in the aorta was not different among VEDR, NCR and VESR. The above results indicate that the pronounced respiratory distress, high mortality rate and pulmonary microembolism with platelet aggregates in VEDR may be attributed to the increase in platelet number and aggregability. The increased platelet aggregability was suggested to be the result of increased prostaglandin biosynthesis in platelets. The increased lipid peroxidation in vessel wall and plasma might also contribute to the enhanced respiratory distress. The respiratory distress and mortality as well as in vitro laboratory results were not different between NCR and VESR. This study indicates that vitamin E supplementation does not protect against the development of respiratory distress and sudden death induced by arachidonic acid over the normal control rats. PMID- 6795373 TI - Development of antibodies to OEP, exotoxin A and exoenzymes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in man. AB - Antibody titers to OEP, exotoxin A and exoenzymes (protease and elastase) in normal sera of 256 specimens of cord blood, children and adults were measured by passive hemagglutination test. Serum antibody to exotoxin A was detected in cord blood samples. The level of mean antibody titers dropped during the first year of age, then rose and reached a plateau at the age of 2 to 5 years and dropped thereafter. Mean antibody titers to OEP by age groups were similar to those of exotoxin A. Antibodies to exoenzymes were not detectable initially, but the level rose during the second year of age and reached a plateau during childhood. Positive antibody titers (1:20) to exotoxin A and OEP were found in all sera belonging to some age groups between 11 to 30 years. The rate of acquisition of antibodies to exoenzymes was low. As for the antibodies to exotoxin A, the disappearance of detectable antibody by treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol was observed during the age of 1 to 4 years. Initial pseudomonas colonization may be common and asymptomatic in infants and young children. PMID- 6795374 TI - The influence of the Haldane effect on alveolar CO2 tension equilibrated with mixed venous blood in man. AB - When blood in the pulmonary capillary is oxygenated in hypercapnic air, PCO2 in the red cell has been thought to exceed alveolar PCO2 due to the Haldane effect, inducing outward CO2 diffusion. As long as the inward CO2 diffusion and, consequently, HCO3- formation are prevented in the red cell, the CO2 gain in plasma is reduced down to the level predicted from a CO2 dissociation curve of separated plasma. Therefore, if the direction of the CO2 diffusion is not reversed during the contact time, the virtual venous PCO2 (PEq), where the CO2 loss due to the Haldane effect is balanced with the gain due to the venoalveolar PCO2 gradient, becomes higher than the oxygenated venous PCO2 in proportion to the CO2 difference between the true and separated plasma. In order to verify the validity of the above assumption, the PEq value was measured in normo- and hypercapnia by using the Defares' extrapolation method in six normal subjects. The results obtained revealed that the PEq estimated in hypercapnia was obviously higher than that in normocapnia. The above difference was significantly greater in normoxia than in hypoxia. Furthermore, it agreed fairly well with the theoretical difference presumed by taking the difference in CO2 content between separated and true plasma and the R. Q. effect on the alveolar gas volume into account, suggesting that the inward CO2 diffusion following the oxygenation reaction could be disregarded in normoxic hypercapnia. PMID- 6795375 TI - Relationship between venoarterial CO2 content difference and venoalveolar PCO2 difference in acute hypercapnia in dogs. AB - When mixed venous blood is oxygenated in alveolar air with higher PCO2, the PCO2 within the red cell is though to exceed the alveolar PCO2 due to the Haldane effect and to block the inward CO2 diffusion. If the direction of the CO2 diffusion is not reversed during the contact time, the HCO2-gain in the plasma will not exceed the amount estimated from venoalveolar PCO2 difference by using a CO2 dissociation curve of separated plasma. In order to clarify the validity of the above thought, the venoarterial CO2 content difference was measured by using a van Slyke apparatus and a PCO2 electrode at various alveolar PCO2 levels in rebreathing dogs. The HCO3-rise in the whole blood was obviously reduced when acute hypercapnia was administered in both normoxia and hyperoxia. Quantitatively, the decrease of CO2 content under hypercapnia corresponded to the difference in CO2 content between the true and separated plasma. The reduction, however, was slightly stronger in normoxia than in hyperoxia with alveolar PO2 of 300 to 420 mmHg. These data seem to support the following explanation: When venous blood was oxygenated in normoxic air with PCO2 higher than true venous, the inward CO2 diffusion was inhibited by the Haldane effect and the reversed diffusion after the oxygenation could also be disregarded during the contact time. Because the oxygenation was accelerated in hyperoxia and the direction of the CO2 diffusion was reversed earlier than in normoxia, the plasma CO2 content became higher in hyperoxia than in normoxia. PMID- 6795376 TI - Ventilatory response to CO2 rebreathing at rest in the ama. AB - Ventilatory response to CO2 in the Ama (Kachido) was determined by the CO2 rebreathing method in the beginning (March) and during (September) harvest season. It was found that mean slopes of the ventilatory response curve in March and September were 0.76 and 0.73 liters/(min.m2.mmHg), respectively, this difference being insignificant. PMID- 6795377 TI - Capacities of mouse embryo cells for induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by 4 nitroquinolone 1-oxide in primary culture systems. AB - Because of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) selectively induces lung tumors in offspring of ICR/Jcl inbred mice, unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by 4 NQO was investigated with use of confluent primary cultures of cells from six different organs of ICR/Jcl mouse embryos. The UDS level of lung-derived cells (lung cells), as measured with hydroxyurea-resistant incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cellular DNA in the presence of 4-NQO, was at least threefold lower than levels in cells from skin, intestine, kidney, liver, and brain, when compared at equitoxic doses of 4-NQO of equimolar binding of 4-NQO to DNA Autoradiographic studies also revealed that the percentage of UDS-positive nuclei in lung cells was about one-fifth of other cell types. Cytotoxic examinations showed that the lung cells were the most sensitive to the lethal action of 4-NQO. These results suggest that the capacity of cells from the target organ to repair 4-NQO damage is intrinsically much lower than the capacity of cells from nontarget organs. PMID- 6795378 TI - Induction of changes in the pepsinogen content and the pepsinogen isoenzyme pattern of the pyloric mucosa of the rat stomach by short-term administration of stomach carcinogens. AB - Changes in pepsinogen isoenzyme patterns were examined in the pyloric mucosae of the stomachs of noninbred male Wistar rats after short-term administration of gastric carcinogens. N-Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine, N-ethyl-N1-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, and N-propyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, which induce stomach cancer in rats, decreased the content of pepsinogen isoenzyme 1 )Pg 1), which was separated by poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. They also decreased the pepsingoen content of the pyloric mucosa. 4-Nitroguinoline 1-oxide, which induces a low incidence of stomach cancer in rats, rarely decreased the Pg 1 content or the pepsinogen content of the pyloric mucosa, and the incidence of such decreases was not statistically significant. However, diethylnitrosamine and dimethylnitrosamine, which do not induce stomach cancer in rats, did not cause any decrease in pepsinogen content. Ethyl methanesulfonate, a direct-acting carcinogen used as a control, also did not decrease the pepsinogen content. PMID- 6795379 TI - [The smear-positive and culture-negative phenomenon of mycobacteria in sputum specimens in relation to the problems on the detection of mycobacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795380 TI - Clinical and pathophysiologic spectrum of acquired distal renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6795381 TI - Ketosis. PMID- 6795382 TI - [Evaluation of drainage operations on the biliary tracts based on bile lithogenicity data]. PMID- 6795383 TI - [Medial approach to the extrahepatic biliary tracts]. PMID- 6795384 TI - [Tube feeding after surgery for acute intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 6795385 TI - [Morphological and biochemical studies on glycogenosis type V (McArdle) (author's transl)]. AB - This report deals with structural and biochemical studies of muscle biopsies from six patients with glycogenosis type V (McArdle). From a morphological point of view in four cases the typical findings of vacuolar myopathy with glycogen storage especially under the sarcolemma can be demonstrated. One biopsy shows only mild structural changes which without additional biochemical analysis could be overlooked. In one case signs of recovery phase after rhabdomyolysis predominate the storage myopathy. Biochemical studies in all cases show an elevated glycogen content (2.5-4.23%). Only the from a clinical point of view most expressive patient with recurrent episodes of rhabdomyolysis exhibits a glycogen storage over 5%. All cases additionally show an absence or highly reduction of phosphorylase activity. Apart from the most expressive clinical course the extent of morphological and biochemical findings is not clearly correlated. Therefore if clinical signs suggest the diagnosis of glycogenosis type V it appears necessary to perform additional biochemical examination of muscle biopsy independent from the degree of morphological anomalies. PMID- 6795386 TI - [Role of prostaglandins in the regulation of renin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795387 TI - Plasma catecholamines in hepatic coma and liver cirrhosis: role of octopamine. PMID- 6795388 TI - Medical and surgical treatment of angina. PMID- 6795389 TI - Cost-effective school nurse practitioner services. AB - Creative utilization of school nurse practitioners by school districts throughout the country represents a cost-effective approach in meeting educational goals for the educationally high-risk student. Services provided by these practitioners complement the expertise of every member of the educational team while upgrading the comprehensive quality of benefits received by students. From all indications, school nurse practitioners are not recognized nor utilized to the full extent of their potential by educators who are accountable to develop and implement a curriculum for students that allows for individual differences and ensures the acquisition of knowledge. Funding available through state child health legislation and national grants can reimburse school districts using school nurse practitioner services, although these services in and of themselves can represent substantial cost savings. PMID- 6795390 TI - Binding of the gestagens norethisterone and levonorgestrel in blood of various species. PMID- 6795391 TI - The effect of prolonged oral contraceptive steroid use on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. PMID- 6795392 TI - Gastrointestinal tract complications following radiotherapy of uterine cervical cancer: past and present. AB - A retrospective analysis of the gastrointestinal tract complications in 298 patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy at the State University of New York at Buffalo and Albert Einstein College of Medicine affiliated hospitals was carried out. Fifty-two patients had pretreatment surgical staging (39 transperitoneal and 13 extraperitoneal). Twenty-four percent had varying degrees of radiation sickness. They all responded to conservative therapy. Seven percent developed Stage I radiation proctitis. In the clinical staging group late complications consisted of: Three small bowel injuries, 4% persistent Stage I, 3% Stage III, and one patient with Stage II radiation proctitis. Among 39 patients who had transperitoneal surgical staging, two small bowel injuries, one case of gastric ulcer, and three cases of radiation proctitis were encountered. Only one of 13 patients who had extraperitoneal surgical staging developed intestino vesico-vaginal fistula. A literature search was conducted, and prophylactic and therapeutic measures are discussed. The importance of careful selection of patients for radiotherapy and recognition of high risk clinical factors is reemphasized. PMID- 6795393 TI - Pap smears: access to hospital outpatients of nongynecological services. PMID- 6795394 TI - Models for growth of clones in hexagonal cell arrangements: applications in Drosophila wing disc epithelia and plant epidermal tissues. PMID- 6795395 TI - Myocardial damage caused by keeping pH 7.40 during systemic deep hypothermia. PMID- 6795396 TI - A comparative physiological approach to hypothermia. PMID- 6795397 TI - [Study on training in extra-curricular nursing activities - continued home nursing of aged, bedridden patients]. PMID- 6795398 TI - Diaphragmatic EMG in studies of inspiratory "off-switch" threshold in humans. PMID- 6795399 TI - Aortoiliac and aortoiliofemoral reconstruction. AB - In general, aortoiliac and aortoiliofemoral reconstruction when properly selected and properly performed is one of the most gratifying peripheral vascular procedures. The mortality is reasonably low in spite of the fact that the patients operated upon have generalized arteriosclerosis, including coronary artery diseases. The precise procedure selected depends upon many factors having to do with the patient's general condition, body habitus, and artery condition. Although thromboendarterectomy always will have a place, it has been superseded largely by bypass grafts because grafting is an easier operation. As yet, however, bypass grafts have not been shown to have a clear-cut superiority in long-term patency. PMID- 6795400 TI - Substrate specificity of age-related changes in the inducibility of hepatic microsomal monooxygenases in middle-aged rats. AB - Hepatic microsomal monooxygenase induction was investigated in young-adult and middle-aged male Fischer 344 rats. Monooxygenase components and drug metabolism activities were determined in liver microsomes prepared from rats treated with phenobarbital (PB, beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) or methyltestosterone (MT) and compared with values from untreated rats. PB and BNF effects on cytochrome P-450 concentration and cytochrome c reductase activity were similar in young-adult and middle-aged animals. However, the extent of cytochrome P-450 induction by MT was less in the older animals. The age-related changes in induction of drug metabolism activities differed with different substrates for the monooxygenase system. In contrast to the inducibility of benzphetamine N-demethylation and aniline hydroxylation, which was diminished in the older rats, the inducibility of nitroanisole O-demethylation was enhanced. The results imply that qualitative changes in the microsomal enzyme system occurred as the animals progress from young to middle adulthood. PMID- 6795401 TI - Automatic method for measuring mouth occlusion pressure response to carbon dioxide inhalation. PMID- 6795402 TI - [Experiences with non-human material for vascular access for long-term hemodialysis (author's transl)]. AB - From 1975 until June 1980 a total of 115 arteriovenous fistulas were constructed in 81 patients, using non-human material for interposition. The results after implantation of human umbilical vein (n = 5) were poor because of high frequency of thrombosis, and after implantation of synthetic vascular grafts (n = 11) a high incidence of local infections had to be noted. In most patients therefore a bovine xenograft (n = 99) was used. After a follow-up of 1-48 months the calculated failure rate for the first year is 38%. The most common complication was thrombosis, with better results in curved than in straight grafts (P less than 0.05). Early thromboses were caused by a narrow anastomosis, late thromboses (after 2 months) by venous narrowing after the anastomosis. The time delay between construction and first use of the fistula had no influence on the survival rate of the fistulas. Longterm antithrombocyte medication showed better results than anticoagulation (P less than 0.05). We recommend the use of bovine xenografts for arteriovenous fistulas whenever the construction of a normal, direct arteriovenous fistula is not possible. PMID- 6795403 TI - [Tuberculous colitis - diagnostic and therapeutic aspects (author's transl)]. AB - Secondary tuberculous enterocolitis is a rare disease since tuberculostatic drugs have been introduced. Leading symptoms are abdominal pain, loss of weight and diarrhoea. Clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, x-ray, and endoscopic findings may lead to the erroneous diagnosis of colon carcinoma. Coloscopy including biopsy may lead the path to the correct diagnosis; they may in some cases, however, not be conclusive. Surgery is not necessarily mandatory as treatment; drug treatment alone may cause complete healing of intestinal tuberculosis, as a case reported here shows. PMID- 6795404 TI - Tissue levels of metaraminol and its metabolite, alpha-methylnorepinephrine, in control and 6-hydroxydopamine-pretreated guinea pigs. PMID- 6795405 TI - Changes in pituitary hormone levels induced by met-enkephalin in man--the role of dopamine. PMID- 6795406 TI - Teleocidin, a possible naturally occurring tumor promoter from Streptomyces, modulates actions of epidermal growth factor on rat hepatoma cells. PMID- 6795407 TI - Metabolic activation of hexamethylmelamine and pentamethylmelamine by liver microsomal preparations. PMID- 6795408 TI - Ethanol reduces hepatic estrogen-2-hydroxylase activity in the male rat. PMID- 6795411 TI - Preparing a child for procedures. PMID- 6795410 TI - Research designs: the historical method. PMID- 6795409 TI - Professionally speaking: refusal of blood--an ethical issue. PMID- 6795412 TI - Fantasies during the third trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6795413 TI - What is a normal adolescent? PMID- 6795414 TI - Headaches in adolescents. PMID- 6795415 TI - Assessment and management of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6795416 TI - Fitting grandparents into new families. PMID- 6795417 TI - Instituting a postpartum self-medication program. PMID- 6795418 TI - MCN pharmacopoeia: tolazoline therapy in the hypoxic neonate. PMID- 6795419 TI - [Method of treating pancreatic cancer with 18-25 MeV bremsstrahlung]. PMID- 6795420 TI - [Effectiveness of different radiation dosages in pancreatic cancer]. PMID- 6795421 TI - [New manifestation of the concern of the Communist Party and of the Soviet government for maternal and child welfare]. PMID- 6795422 TI - [Should one employ anticoagulants or platelet inhibitors in the long-term prophylaxis, with or without surgery, of arterial occlusive disease?]. PMID- 6795423 TI - [Early stages of surface depositions on central venous catheters after 24-hour intravenous blood contact]. PMID- 6795424 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulosis]. PMID- 6795425 TI - The two-cross immunodiffusion technique for determining diffusion coefficients and precipitating titers of antigen and antibody. PMID- 6795426 TI - Expression of the ribosomal DNA insertions in bobbed mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have shown earlier that interrupted rRNA genes in Drosophila melanogaster do not contribute significantly to rRNA production by a splicing mechanism (Long and Dawid 1979). In the work reported here the expression of interrupted rRNA genes was tested in several stocks that carry bobbed mutations, i.e., have partial deletions of their rRNA gene clusters. Transcripts of the major 5 kb type 1 insertion are very rare in bobbed flies as they are in the wild type, occurring at a concentration in embryos of less than one copy per nucleus. Transcripts of short type 1 insertions are more abundant in certain bobbed stocks, especially those carrying the car bb chromosome. However, other severely bobbed flies have no increase in these insertion transcripts over the wild-type levels. Type 2 insertions are transcribed into very rare RNA molecules in the wild type and in the bobbed genotypes that were studied. From these results we conclude that interrupted rRNA genes are not expressed through a splicing mechanism into mature rRNA in mutant or wild-type flies. Since even severely bobbed flies fail to utilize their interrupted rRNA genes, we suggest that these genes cannot be transcribed productively in D. melanogaster. PMID- 6795427 TI - Isolation of dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation have been isolated by using a strongly variegated line carrying the wm4 chromosome (wm4h) and the dominant enhancer mutant En(var)c101. The use of an effective genetic test system made it possible to isolate more than 100 strongly dominant suppressor mutations for position-effect variegation. This suggests that the phenomenon of position effect variegation is characterised by a complex genetic basis. The significance of the isolated mutants to genetic dissection of structural and regulatory functions of the eukaryotic chromosome is discussed. PMID- 6795428 TI - Important legislative events: past, present, and future perspectives of long-term care and aging. PMID- 6795429 TI - Plasmid-determined tobramycin and gentamicin resistance in strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from two Sydney hospitals. AB - Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin, and sulphonamide have been isolated from patients at two Sydney hospitals. The multiple resistance of all these strains was due to a transmissible plasmid. The significance of the identification of this plasmid, in this variety of strains and at two hospitals, for the treatment of Ps. aeruginosa infections is discussed. PMID- 6795430 TI - Anti-C haemolytic disease requiring intrauterine and exchange transfusion. AB - A case is presented of anti-C haemolytic disease of the newborn in which the infant required three intrauterine transfusions and an exchange transfusion after birth. Anti-C is not a common cause of haemolytic disease of the newborn and this is the first recorded case requiring intrauterine transfusion. PMID- 6795431 TI - Effects of lactobacilli on parameters of non-specific resistance of mice. AB - The viability of Lactobacillus plantarum in vivo and the effects of viable and heat-killed lactobacilli on parameters of non-specific resistance were studied. After intravenous administration of 10(8) viable lactobacilli, which is a dose with optimal adjuvant activity, viable lactobacilli could be isolated from spleens for more than 1 week and from livers and lungs for more than 3 weeks. Both viable and heat-killed lactabacilli stimulated the clearance of colloidal carbon, viable bacteria stimulated initially to a higher extent. Doses of 10(8) viable and heat-killed lactobacilli, but not less, stimulated non-specific resistance to Listeria monocytogenes and caused splenomegaly. Doses as small as 10(5) viable and heat-killed lactobacilli induced substantial natural killer (NK) cell activity in the peritoneal exudate 4 days after i.p. administration. Higher doses generally caused a dose-dependent increase of NK cell activity. Viable lactobacilli injected in the paw and to a lesser extent heat-killed bacteria caused a proliferative response in the draining popliteal lymph node, which peaked at day 5. Results are discussed in relation to adjuvanticity and comparisons are made with bacterial agents already used in immunotherapy. PMID- 6795432 TI - Computed tomography brain scans in long term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - There have been varying frequencies cited for the occurrence of abnormal brain CT scans in leukemic patients and conflicting evidence about the significance of these abnormalities and their relationship to sanctuary therapy. Our study of CT brain scans in 26 long survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia showed an overall prevalence of 35% abnormal scans. There was no statistically significant difference between the number of abnormal scans in patients given radiotherapy as part of their CNS prophylaxis and those receiving only intrathecal methotrexate. Because the children in each treatment group were evenly matched with respect to other treatment variables possibly relevant to the causation of abnormal brain scans, a strong case is made for more rigorous design of such studies, preferably in a prospective fashion, looking simultaneously at other parameters of brain structure and function. PMID- 6795433 TI - Cyclical combination chemotherapy and thyroid function in patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - Clinical and biochemical assessment of thyroid function was undertaken in patients with Hodgkin's disease at designated points following diagnosis. At diagnosis, two of 20 patients had either abnormally low routine thyroid indices, or elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels that were not due to iodine based investigations. Following lymphography, 76.5% of patients had TSH levels that remained elevated for a median period of 3 months. No detectable thyroid dysfunction was induced during chemotherapy. Fifty-four patients were studied at a median time of 35 months after chemotherapy. One euthyroid patient had a nodular goitre, and one had abnormal thyroid indices. Tsh levels were elevated in 44% of patients, although the median TSH level for the group was normal. Half the patients had abnormal TRH stimulation tests. Sixty patients were studied after irradiation and chemotherapy. Four patients had clinical thyroid dysfunction, and 10% of routine thyroid indices were abnormal. TSH levels were abnormal in 80%, with a markedly elevated median level. All thyroid releasing hormone stimulation tests were abnormal. PMID- 6795434 TI - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus--United States. PMID- 6795435 TI - Aseptic meningitis--Panama. PMID- 6795436 TI - Influenza B--Texas. PMID- 6795437 TI - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning--United States. PMID- 6795438 TI - Multiple outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with precooked roast beef- Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont. PMID- 6795439 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 41-44, 1981. PMID- 6795440 TI - Chlordane contamination of a public water supply--Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PMID- 6795441 TI - Occupational injury surveillance--United States. PMID- 6795442 TI - [Kinetic model of the operation of a 2-electron switch in the photosynthetic reaction center of bacteria]. AB - A mathematical model, describing the binary oscillation of the concentration of semiquinone form of the secondary acceptor (ubiquinone) in photosynthetic reaction center of purple bacteria is proposed. This model takes into account both the changes of the ubiquinone state when the chromatophores are subjected to short flashes of light, and the successive dark relaxation of the semiquinone form. The model allows to calculate such characteristics as the dependence of the flash number, the stationary level of semiquinone form which is being established, when the flash number increases, the velocity which the concentration of semiquinone form is aspirating towards this stationary level and other characteristics. The model shows that the quantum yield of primary charge separation on the reaction center is higher after odd-number flashes then after even-number flashes. PMID- 6795443 TI - [Study of chromophore dynamics by means of Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation]. AB - The temperature dependence of rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation was studied for two samples of the chromatophores with different relative humidity (P/Ps = 0.35 and 0.94). New type of motion--the transitions between conformational substates was found above 200 degrees K. The model was developed to describe conformational motion in the membranes and membrane proteins. A new formula was derived for the Debye--Waller factor in accordance with this model. The model proposes the existence of fluid-like motions of protein fragments within the volume of some A3, restricted by the profile of the conformational potential. The correlation between decreasing of fR and increasing of electron transition rate was observed. PMID- 6795444 TI - [Regulation of gene action during development]. PMID- 6795446 TI - Molecular transport via the functional complement lesion. PMID- 6795445 TI - [Polarization of the intrinsic fluorescence of proteins. I. Factors determining the form of the polarization spectrum]. AB - The dependence of the slopes of normalized Perrin plots on the excitation wavelength was established. It was shown that the cause of this effect is the anisotropy of the Brownian rotation of proteins, which must be regarded as asymmetrical particles with specific, but not random, orientation of tryptophan with respect to the main axes of the macromolecule. These findings were analysed on the basis of the rotational depolarization theory of such systems, applied for the case when bands of two absorption oscillators overlap as it is for oscillators 1La and 1Lb in the longest wavelength absorption band of tryptophan. It was shown that anisotropy of Brownian molecular rotation is one of the factors that determines the form of the polarization spectrum. The difference of the polarization spectrum of proteins from that of tryptophan, extrapolated to the infinite viscosity, is determined by energy transfer processes in proteins. PMID- 6795447 TI - Amino acid sequence of the variable region of M149 mouse myeloma light chain: comparison with the nucleotide sequence of K2 and K3 clones. PMID- 6795448 TI - Partial primary structure of the immunoglobulin light chain constant region of a single rabbit of b5 allotype. PMID- 6795449 TI - Isolation and characterization of secretory IgA (sIgA) and free secretory component (FSC) from rat bile. PMID- 6795450 TI - Restriction in IgM expression--I. The VH regions of equine anti-lactose antibodies. PMID- 6795451 TI - Membrane insertion of lymphocyte surface molecules. PMID- 6795452 TI - Ligand binding and physicochemical characteristics of an IgM mouse plasmacytoma ABPC-22. PMID- 6795453 TI - Expression of surface and secreted IgG2a by a murine B-lymphoma before and after hybridization to myeloma cells. PMID- 6795454 TI - Non-histone chromosomal proteins from immunoglobulin-producing mouse plasmacytoma cells. PMID- 6795455 TI - Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function-XII. Secretory immunoglobulins in the bile of the marine teleost Archosargus probatocephalus. PMID- 6795456 TI - [Roentgen examination: medical-technical achievement or physician's measure? Updating the physician fee schedule]. PMID- 6795457 TI - [Epidemiology of carcinosis. 105 years of mortality statistics (author's transl)]. AB - Cancer mortality in Hamburg, calculated per 10,000 living inhabitants of each age group of men and women for the years 1873 to 1978 proved to be essentially constant after eliminating sources of statistical error. Calculation or organ involvement by the same method for 1933 to 1978 showed that the increase in mortality for one type of location is compensated by a decrease elsewhere, so that altogether the constancy remains. This behavior can be explained if it be assumed. This behavior can be explained if it be assumed that a certain constant percentage of the population is prone to cancer and - possibly due to the action of exogenous noxae - becomes ill when the necessary age is reached. The nature of a determining factor which is most probably present is not known. Comparison with international figure shows that the results of the Hamburg Study can be considered a model case. PMID- 6795458 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica infections in Southwest Germany. A report on 580 bacteriologically confirmed cases (author's transl)]. AB - The bacteriological, epidemiological and clinical aspects of human Yersinia enterocolitica infections are discussed with reference to 580 first isolations of Yersinia enterocolitica made from 1972 to 1980 with routine procedures for salmonella/shigella diagnosis, predominantly from stool samples of patients suffering from gastrointestinal diseases. PMID- 6795459 TI - [Lactate determination in the cerebrospinal fluid. Differential diagnostic significance]. PMID- 6795460 TI - [Pylethrombosis following splenectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of thrombosis of the portal vein following splenectomy for osteomyelofibrosis are described. The diagnosis could be made echographically in each case as a "beside investigation". PMID- 6795461 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccine trial in healthy adults - an immunogenicity study (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical and immunological response in healthy adults to active and passive - active immunization with a vaccine prepared from purified HBsAg (Merck Sharp and Dohme) in combination with a hepatitis B immune serum globulin (HBIG) were determined and compared with each other. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: group I received 3 doses of vaccine (20 micrograms per dose) at 0, 1 and 6 months, group II received in addition with the first dose of vaccine 3 ml of HBIG and group III received HBIG together with the first and the second doses of vaccine. No serious side effects were seen during the observation period. Antibody response was comparable in all three groups after 6 months, showing that the passive antibodies did not interfere with active antibody formation. Our results also prove the safety and efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine and establish the feasibility of passive-active immunization. PMID- 6795462 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - granulomatous hepatitis]. PMID- 6795463 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 5. Physical fitness of children and adolescents]. PMID- 6795464 TI - [Drug therapy in acute pain. Systemic use--regional anesthesia--peridural opiate analgesia]. PMID- 6795465 TI - ["Near-drowning". First aid at the scene of the accident. The need for aftercare and intensive therapy facilities (author's transl)]. AB - Accidental drowning caused asphyxia which without active intervention leads to hypoxemic lesions of the entire organic system, the brain being the weakest spot. Contrary to earlier ideas derived from animal experiments, differentiation into the various pathomechanisms of drowning is irrelevant for emergency treatment and intensive medical aftercare. In all cases, arterial hypoxemia with its consequences are the main problem. Whereas in serious cases the victim of drowning is of necessity given modern intensive treatment, there is a danger for the less severe cases of "near-drowning" that intensive treatment does not appear essential at first and consequently they are usually neglected. PMID- 6795466 TI - [Emergency services in Lower Franconia (author's transl)]. AB - Medical consequences from the Model Experiment: Medical care of emergency patients can be improved by a qualified emergency service. This not only guarantees the chance of survival of the individual but also an optimization of rehabilitation of the consequences of emergency. By adequate financial investment the efficacy can be increased, as can be seen from the evaluation of the results. However, further efforts are required, the object of which must be specific instruction and training of medical and non-medical personnel in order to improve further the qualified aid of the organized emergency service. Compulsory guidelines will guarantee a standardized basis of knowledge for both the ambulance personnel and the doctors in the emergency service. PMID- 6795467 TI - [Garlic therapy? Theories of a folk remedy (author's transl)]. AB - Garlic has had a firm place in folk medicine since ancient times. More recent results are summarized here which show that extracts of the plant have an antimicrobial action, they are capable of lowering blood cholesterol and of reducing secondary vascular changes. They raise fibrinolytic activity and inhibit thrombocyte aggregation. Therefore the plant contains highly active therapeutic principles which appear to be particularly suitable for prophylaxis of arteriosclerosis. PMID- 6795468 TI - [Team-centered psychosomatic advisory activity on a surgical septic ward (author's transl)]. AB - With the team-centered introduction in psychiatric and psychosomatic advisory activity a form of consultation service is described which, in our opinion, is best suited to the many varied psychological problems of a surgical special ward. This consultation activity was institutionalized by setting up a weekly ward discussion in which all those involved on the ward described took part. With reference to examples of case histories the method of working this ward discussion is illustrated. In these conferences "problem patients" are discussed who have been found by the nursing personnel to be psychologically problematic. By discussion of the actual psychologic problem of the patient the nursing staff and the doctor undergo an emotional relief and support in the often difficult care of the patents. PMID- 6795469 TI - [Benoxaprofen in the treatment of spondylosis and spondylarthrosis (author's transl)]. AB - An open clinical trial of 4 weeks included 32 patients with spondylosis and spondylarthrosis diagnosed on the average about 10 years previously. The non steroid antirheumatic benoxaprofen was used alone in a dosage of a 1 x 600 mg tablet daily. The treatment had a marked influence on the clinical picture in the form of reduction of the pain at the beginning of movement, and of pains at night or on pressure. The extent of the night pains was already reduced to a statistically significant degree (alpha less than or equal to 0.05) after 1 week and remained so during the course of the treatment. Three patients had to discontinue the treatment prematurely because of side effects (photosensitivity in 2 and gastric intolerance in 1). No negative influence on clinical chemical or hematological parameters was seen in any of the patients. PMID- 6795470 TI - [School sports and dispensation from school sports]. PMID- 6795471 TI - [Low-salt diet for patients with hypertension. Salt substitutes: an alternative?]. PMID- 6795472 TI - [Thickening of the gastric wall in the echographic section (author's transl)]. AB - The distal portion of the normal stomach can now be visualized in the majority of patients undergoing echographic examination. Pathological thickening of the wall appear in the echographic section as a complete or incomplete cockade phenomenon. Besides the morphological appearance, abdominal echography also permits a certain assessment of gastric peristalsis and its disturbances frequently associated with the cockade phenomenon. With increasing size and rigidity of the wall, the complete cockade phenomenon suggests the presence of a malignant infiltration process in the wall; the incomplete pathological cockade phenomenon of the stomach is, on the other hand, far more ambiguous. Abdominal echography can consequently influence diagnosis directively and economically. PMID- 6795473 TI - [Echography of the upper abdominal vessels (author's transl)]. AB - The newer generation of real-time ultrasonic equipment with its high resolution capacity permits not only visualization of the large abdominal vessels like the aorta and inferior vena cava, but in addition the tracing smaller visceral branches. The celiac trunk with its branches, the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery, the superior mesenteric and the two renal arteries can be visualized in 60-80% of all echographically examined patients. Consequently the new possibilities of abdominal echography with regard to assessment of the variations of vessels from the norm and intravascular processes such as thromboses are opened up. Changes in the courses of vessels permit conclusions on the seat and direction of growth of tumors. PMID- 6795474 TI - ["Functional" heart diseases in preinvasive diagnosis. Comparison between male and female patients in a retrospective study]. PMID- 6795475 TI - [Changes in the T-wave of the ECG in brain injuries]. PMID- 6795476 TI - [Lung function and age]. PMID- 6795477 TI - [Can cerulein replace pancreozymin in the diagnosis of exocrine pancreatic function? (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of the decapeptide cerulein on exocrine pancreatic function was compared with pancreozymin by means of intraindividual double stimulation. 100 ng/kg bw/45 min of synthetic cerulein led to a greater enzyme excretion than 2 U/kg bw pancreozymin. This increase in enzyme secretion was independent of whether the pancreas function was normal or disordered. In the selected experimental procedure, cerulein increased the excretion of enzymes (chymotrypsin, trypsin, lipase, amylase) whether it was infused in connection with or before an injection of pancreozymin. Cerulein can therefore completely replace pancreozymin in the diagnosis of pancreatic function. PMID- 6795478 TI - [Patients with fatty liver. Study of ten years course of the disease (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with fatty liver of grades I and II were re-examined by liver biopsy after a 10 years' interval. Only two patients showed improvement in the original findings. In each case up to about half of the material for investigation showed an unchanged stage of fatty liver or a deterioration. In the group with an unchanged clinical picture of grade II fatty infiltration and in the cases with a tendency to deteriorate, an accumulation of etiological factors was noted. Extensive histories proved that the patients had not altered their living habits in the past 10 years. This means that the prognosis of fatty liver with regard to regression of an originally established stage is very unfavorable, because the patients' understanding seems not to be very great. PMID- 6795479 TI - [Vitamin B 12 resorption in the aged with reference to hematologic parameters]. PMID- 6795480 TI - [Prevention of athletic injuries]. PMID- 6795481 TI - [The arsenal of cephalosporins]. PMID- 6795482 TI - [Stress in working women. A survey study (author's transl)]. AB - Stress problems have been far more rarely investigated in women than in men. Stress problems were investigated in a 20% random sample of 1033 working women aged from 20 to 65 years from 39 factories in north Switzerland, selected according to the random sample procedure. Of the 206 women, 36% admitted suffering very severe, severe or moderately severe stress at work. At home or in the family 16% were affected. Two thirds of these working women did not feel overburdened at work and three quarters with their families. Anxiety about employment was expressed by 12%, financial worries by 5%, and concern for health by 5% also. Around one third of these women had also undergone previous severe stress situations. In comparison with studies on stress in working men, it looks as though these women report stress less frequently, accept it less, repress or compensate it more. PMID- 6795483 TI - [Pericardiac puncture. The most favorable anatomical approach (author's transl)]. AB - On the basis of pericardiac punctures in 105 prepared patients and of pericardiac preparation in 92 adults, a simple low-risk method of epigastric pericardiac puncture is described. The needle is pushed at 33 degrees to the front level in about 1/2 cm below the left costoxiphoid angle and directed towards the right acromion. At a depth of about 4.5 cm the needle penetrates the pericardium. The left internal thoracic artery, the pericardial vessels, the arteria marginalis dextra and the anterior interventricular artery are usually more than 2 cm distant from the needle. When the pericardial infusion is small, the tip of the needle may come relatively close to the right coronary artery (1.3 +/- 1 cm). PMID- 6795484 TI - [Cytology of the endometrium. Anatomical principles (author's transl)]. AB - In cytological impression preparations of the endometrium practically only superficial epithelia were obtained and evaluated. In half of the sexually mature and premenopausal women a corresponding secretory change was found in the middle or in the late luteal phase only. Atypical surface epithelia are only to be observed at the beginning of the proliferation phase, in regeneration after abrasion, in chronic endometritis, with a fitted intrauterine pessary, estrogen therapy and in pregnancy and may lead to false positive results. In postmenopausal women a third of glandular hyperplasias with exuberant growth in the depths of the mucosa show superficial resting or only a few active epithelial cells which may lead to underestimation of the results, occasionally, in the case of an incipient well-differentiated carcinoma even to a false negative assessment. PMID- 6795485 TI - [Auscultation of the heart in pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - During pregnancy a third heart sound is perceptible in 80% of women and a fourth in 16%. Functional systolic heart sounds are found in over 90% of pregnant women, and diastolic sounds in 18%. The amplitude of a functional heart sound usually increases after inhalation of amyl nitrate. Mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, tricuspid and pulmonary sounds are accentuated during pregnancy. Sounds of mitral and aortic insufficiency become less or even inaudible during pregnancy. PMID- 6795486 TI - [After care of C-cell-cancer of the thyroid gland. Results of calcitonin determination after selective venous catheterization]. PMID- 6795487 TI - [Recurrence prophylaxis after surgical treatment of endothoracic struma]. PMID- 6795488 TI - [Unusual cutaneous metastasis of a prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6795489 TI - [Fatal carbon monoxide poisoning in a home accident and its misrepresentation]. PMID- 6795490 TI - [Laennec. The bicentenary of the birth of the author of "auscultation mediate" (author's transl)]. AB - R. T. H. Laennec (17. 2. 1781-13. 8. 1826), the founder of the principles of auscultation, started from poor beginnings to become the leading clinician of France. In the prime of life, holder of two chairs of clinical medicine and physician to prominent persons in public life, Laennec contracted pulmonary tuberculosis, which led to his death at his home in Brittany at the early age of 45 years. Laennec is still remembered by posterity as the inventor of the stethoscope and author of a pioneering textbook on diseases of the heart and lungs, which is still worth reading today. PMID- 6795491 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 10. Muscular injuries in sports II]. PMID- 6795492 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--hyperbilirubinemia]. PMID- 6795493 TI - [Applied allergology. Part 2. Allergy diagnosis: anamnesis and in vivo procedure]. PMID- 6795494 TI - Non-homologue pairing and spontaneous meiotic interchanges in Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - Spontaneous interchange between the X chromosomes and the C(2L) autosomal compound in their centromeric regions was studied in y/XY;C(2L);C(2R) and In(1)dl 49+BM1/XY;C(2L);C(2R) Drosophila melanogaster females. These females were mated with F(2L)/F(2L);C(2R) males. Interchange occurrence was recorded as the appearance of an F1 individual with a half-translocation of either X . 2L or Y . 2L type. 37 interchanges were recovered in y/XY and 67 in In(1)/XY females. The majority of the interchanges were of meiotic origin. The interchanges were mainly C(2L)-XY; the most frequent type of half-translocation was Y . 2L;dl-49+BM1. Inversion increased about 5-fold the interchange frequency. In the course of C(2L)-XY interchange, the other X chromosome and C(2R) compound regularly paired and disjoined. In y/XY females, 8 crossover half-translocations of meiotic origin were recovered. The results obtained indicate that meiotic pairing between the X's and C(2L) occurred in the females examined. According to our estimates, XY C(2L) pairing is associated with interchange in the heterochromatic centromeric regions with a frequency of 10(-3). The recovery of crossover half-translocations supports the chromocentral model of non-homologous pairing and allows us to assume that a chromosome may simultaneously pair with a homologue and a non homologue. The disjunction pattern of this trivalent depends on its structure in each particular case. The chromosome-segregation pattern resulting from spontaneous interchanges was similar to that resulting from radiation-induced interchanges in the immature oocytes described by Parker. This similarity suggests that non-homologue pairing occurs in the immature oocytes too. The non homologue-pairing pattern established by the interchange test conformed well with that previously established in y/XY and In(1)XY females by the distribution test. PMID- 6795495 TI - Genetic analysis of X-linked mutagen-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Mutants at 2 new loci which control mutagen-sensitivity are described. Mutants of both foci are female-sterile and are hypersensitive to killing by MMS; neither increases the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals. A screen of previously described female-sterile and meiotic mutants has revealed that a number of these are also sensitive to mutagens. In addition, several new mutants have been identified on the basis of sensitivity to either HN2 or MMS. An analysis of complementation data suggests that all of the X-linked genes controlling sensitivity to MMS may now have been identified. Among the new mei-41 alleles are mutants which show very little meiotic nondisjunction or loss. Cytogenetic mapping of previously known mutants is also described. The mutants mus(1)104D1 and mei-41D5 are located in the region 14B13+/- -14D1,2 on the polytene chromosome map, and they map very close to each other genetically. Cytogenetically mus(1)101D1 is between salivary chromosome bands 12A6,7 and 12D3, mus(1)103D1 is between bands 12A1,2 and 12A6,7 and mus(1)109A1 is in section 8F3- 9A2. PMID- 6795496 TI - Genetic study on the effects of the repair-deficient mutant females mei-9a, mei 41D5, mus101D1, mus104D1 and mus302D1 of Drosophila on spontaneous and X-ray induced chromosome loss in the paternal genome. AB - The repair-deficient mutants mei-9a, mei-41D5, mus101D1, mus104D1 and mus302D1 in Drosophila melanogaster were investigated regarding their effects on spontaneous and X-ray-induced chromosome loss in postmeiotic cells. Each mutant was incorporated singly into XC2, and the ring-X male provided with BSYy+. From matings of males carrying mus101D1, mus302D1 or mei-41D5, mutants identifying a caffeine-sensitive (CAS) postreplication-repair pathway, with corresponding mutant females, and non-mutant males to non-mutant females, overall frequencies of spontaneous partial loss and spontaneous complete loss were significantly increased in each mutant cross except for spontaneous complete loss with mus302 where an increase was noted only in brood 2. Similar findings were noted when males carrying the excision-repair mutant mei-9a were mated with mei-9a females. Males carrying the mutant mus104D1, identifying a caffeine-insensitive (CIS) postreplication-repair pathway, tested with mus104D1 females, produced results that were not significantly different from non-mutant controls. When males were given 3000 rad X-irradiation, frequencies of induced partial loss were significantly higher with mus101D1, mus302D1, mei-41D5 and mei91, and not significantly higher with mus101D1, mus302D1, mei41D5 and mei-9a, and not significantly different from controls with mus104D1. It was suggested that the functional CAS postreplication-repair pathway primarily promotes repair of breaks while an alternative pathway(s) not defined by mus104 promotes misrepair. Therefore, the significant increases in both spontaneous and induced partial loss with the excision-repair-deficient mutant mei-9a suggests the possibility that (a) the excision-repair-pathway may not function in misrepair and (b) the undefined misrepair pathway may be dominant pathway for postreplication repair in Drosophila since mei-9a females presumably have functional postreplication repair and misrepair capacity. The suggestion that the CAS postreplication-repair pathway and the excision-repair pathway function primarily in repair, and an undefined pathway in misrepair is in line with the finding that with mus104D1, no significant increase was found in spontaneous complete loss, but with mus101D1, mus302D1, mei-41D5 and mei-9a significant increases were observed. Results on induced complete loss, with the exception of those with mei-41D5, show a poor correlation with other classes of loss of each of the mutants. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed. PMID- 6795497 TI - Increment kinetics of recessive lethal mutations and dominant lethals in offspring of Drosophila melanogaster on storage of methyl-methanesulfonate treated sperm in females. AB - The frequencies of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in F1 males after feeding adult male Drosophila melanogaster with 0.25 and 0.5 mM methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) orally for 24 h increased approximately linearly with storage of the treated spermatozoa in females, whereas the number of hits of dominant lethals in the sperm after feeding 0.3 and 0.5 mM MMS increased approximately with the square of the storage time. Chromosome losses and mosaics in F1 males also increased with the dose of MMS to males, but their yields were too low to be analyzed quantitatively, only indicating a slight increase of chromosome loses and a slight decrease of mosaics with the time of storage of sperm. Maternal non-disjunctions (or chromosome losses), detected in F1 males, decreased with the dose of MMS to spermatozoa and their yield decreased with the time of storage of sperm of both MMS-treated and the control groups. A unitary model is proposed to explain the effect of storage on the dominant lethals and recessive lethal mutations. PMID- 6795498 TI - Influence of the MR (mutator) factor on X-ray-induced genetic damage. AB - The genetical effects induced by MR, in the progeny of outcrossed MR-males, include very high frequencies of visible and lethal mutations and chromosome aberrations. The hypothesis is that MR causes breaks at specific sites in the DNA where, subsequently, insertion sequences become integrated. To examine whether there exists an interaction between breaks and radiation induced lesions, MRh12/Cy males were crossed to Berlin K females and the male progeny from this cross carrying the MR or Cy chromosome were irradiated. The frequencies of X linked recessive lethals and II-III translocations were determined. Non irradiated MR and non-MR (Cy) male progeny were used in concurrent controls. The results show that the frequencies of II-III translocations in the MR-containing males is not significantly higher than in the controls. However, with regard to the production of recessive lethal mutations a clear synergism between MRh12 and X-irradiation was observed. PMID- 6795499 TI - The utilization of trifluorothymidine (TFT) to select for thymidine kinase deficient (TK-/-) mutants from L5178Y/TK+/- mouse lymphoma cells. AB - Trifluorothymidine (TFT), a thymidine analog, was analyzed for its ability to select for thymidine kinase-deficient (TK-/-) mutants. In comparison with BUdR, the traditional selective agent for TK-/- cells, it was determined that TFT at 1/50th the dose (1 microgram/ml vs. 50 microgram/ml) is a more effective and versatile selective agent for TK-/- mutants arising from the TK+/- -3.7.2C heterozygote of L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. Since TFT acts more rapidly than BUdR, it can be utilized in procedures (such as the analysis of the phenotypic lag) requiring the fast arrest of cell division. Reconstruction analyses of effective TK-/- mutant recovery indicate that TFT can be used to recover mutants from significantly higher densities of TK+/- cells than can BUdR. In addition, TK /- mutants can attain larger colony size in TFT than in BudR where severe stunting of growth occurs at high TK-/- cell densities. 190 of 194 isolated TFT resistant large and small colony mutants (both spontaneous and induced). PMID- 6795500 TI - Mutagenicities of carbadox and olaquindox--growth promoters for pigs. AB - Carbadox and olaquindox were examined for mutagenicities in the repair tests with Bacillus subtilis (rec assay) and Salmonella typhimurium (uvr assay) and in the reverse mutation test (TA100 and TA98 of S. typhimurium). Both compounds were positive in the rec and uvr assays, and were highly mutagenic for strains TA100 and TA98. Carbadox was about 6 times move mutagenic than olaquindox in the absence of S9 mix. When incubated in S9 mix or bacterial cytosol (BC) mix for various times at 37 degree C, carbadox was found to lose its mutagenic activities easier than olaquindox. The mutagenicity of carbadox was almost inactivated at 10 min after incubation with S9 mix, but olaquindox still retained its activities even at 20 min. While carbadox required 20 min to be inactivated in BC mix, olaquindox was not completely inactivated even if incubated for 60 min. PMID- 6795501 TI - Trypanosoma brucei brucei: a systematic screening for alternatives to the salicylhydroxamic acid-glycerol combination. AB - Salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and glycerol, when administered together, cause destruction of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, both in vitro and in vivo, but the dose required is exceedingly high. In an attempt to improve the efficacy of this drug combination, we examined the ability of various polyols and hydroxamic acids to substitute for glycerol and SHAM, respectively. No satisfactory substitute for glycerol was found. The inhibition of the trypanosomal alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase system (GPO) by SHAM (Ki 21 microM) was uncompetitive. Only primary and secondary aromatic hydroxamates were inhibitory. Among a series of 19 benzhydroxamates, no correlation existed between their acidity or their affinity for iron and their inhibition of the GPO in a cell free preparation. The Ki's of most of the primary hydroxamates ranged from 10 to 24 microM, with the more lipophilic derivatives being slightly more active. The Ki's of secondary hydroxamates were more variable, the best having Ki's of about 10 microM. Several other classes of iron chelators were also evaluated. Tropolones were active with 3-bromo-4,5-benzotropolone being as active as SHAM. 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyde (Ki 15 microM) also inhibited the GPO. On the other hand, diphenylamine and 8-hydroxyquinoline, known inhibitors of the GPO, were 30 to 50 times less active. The results suggest that a lipophilic aromatic iron chelating agent may be useful as a substitute for SHAM in combination therapy. PMID- 6795502 TI - Cell surface antigens of Trypanosoma cruzi: use of monoclonal antibodies to identify and isolate an epimastigote specific glycoprotein. AB - A monoclonal antibody was produced by cell fusion from mice immunized with Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. The antibody was epimastigote specific but not strain specific; the antibody bound to Y, Peru and Tulahuen epimastigotes but did not bind to Y amastigotes or trypomastigotes. The antigen recognised by the monoclonal antibody was a 72 000 molecular weight cell surface glycoprotein which represented only 0.04% of the whole cell protein. Analysis of the glycoprotein purified by antibody affinity chromatography revealed a carbohydrate content of 52% by weight which was composed of glucosamine, mannose, galactose, glucose and three different pentoses: fucose, xylose and ribose. Immunisation with the purified glycoprotein did not protect mice from a lethal infection of T. cruzi. PMID- 6795503 TI - Tidal volume and frequency dependence of carbon dioxide elimination by high frequency ventilation. AB - Six patients with chronic respiratory failure received mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes less than or equal to the dead-space volume, at frequencies of 30 to 900 breaths per minute. The rate of elimination of carbon dioxide from the ventilator system during a brief trial of high-frequency ventilation accurately predicted the long-term effectiveness of a given combination of frequency and tidal volume. Below frequencies of about 200 breaths per minute, the volume of carbon dioxide eliminated from these patients was most strongly related to the product of frequency and tidal volume; at higher frequencies, carbon dioxide elimination was determined by the tidal volume and was independent of frequency. These results suggest that although the effectiveness of high-frequency ventilation is primarily a function of the product of tidal volume and frequency, above a critical frequency the mechanical characteristics of the lung reduce gas transport by limiting the volume transmitted to the periphery of the lung. PMID- 6795504 TI - Sounding board. Ambulatory surgery. PMID- 6795505 TI - Some interim results from a controlled trial of cost sharing in health insurance. AB - A total of 7706 persons are participating in a controlled trial of alternative health-insurance policies. Interim results indicate that persons fully covered for medical services spend about 50 per cent more than do similar persons with income-related catastrophe insurance. Full coverage leads to more people using services and to more services per user. Both ambulatory services and hospital admissions increase. Once patients are admitted to the hospital, however, expenditures per admission do not differ significantly among the experimental insurance plans. In addition, hospital admissions for children do not vary by plan. The income-related cost sharing in the experimental plans affects expenditure by different income groups similarly, but adults' total expenditure varies more than children's. Sufficient data are not available on whether higher use by persons with free care reflects overuse, or whether lower use by those with income-related catastrophe coverage reflects underuse. Both may well be true. PMID- 6795506 TI - Testing newborns for adenosine deaminase deficiency not cost effective. PMID- 6795507 TI - Long-term human T-helper lines producing specific helper factor reactive to influenza virus. PMID- 6795508 TI - Assignment of the genes for human lambda immunoglobulin chains to chromosome 22. PMID- 6795509 TI - Bacillus anthracis on Gruinard Island. PMID- 6795510 TI - Soluble factor activation of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6795511 TI - Isolation of I-A subregion-like molecules from subhuman primates and man. PMID- 6795512 TI - The patient as partner. PMID- 6795513 TI - [Complications of valproic acid therapy: an overview (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795514 TI - [Status of simple partial seizures with alexia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795515 TI - [Association between E.E.G. and C.A.T. findings following head injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795516 TI - [Follow-up study of narcotic drug addicts following court treatment orders (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795517 TI - Factor VIII activity in chronic renal disease. AB - F VIII coagulant, F VIII-related antigen and F VIII ristocetin cofactor activity were significantly increased in 68 patients with various chronic renal diseases. All three F VIII functions correlated generally well with each other. A striking relationship between some F VIII activities and serum creatinine was detectable in patients with glomerulonephritis and kidney transplants, with mild or moderate renal insufficiency. This correlation was no longer present in terminal renal failure. The results suggest that in initial stages of renal disease elevated F VIII levels may be attributable to glomerular endothelial damage. In terminal renal failure, however, increased F VIII concentrations seem to result from nonspecific causes related to uremia such as acute phase reactions. PMID- 6795518 TI - [Hepatic and renal deposits of kappa light chains revealing a dysglobulinemia (author's transl)]. AB - A 38 year old woman presented portal hypertension and proteinuria. Liver biopsy showed peliosis hepatis with non amyloid deposits, reactive with anti-kappa antibody by immunofluorescence, along the sinusoids and in the Disse spaces. There are identical deposits along glomerular and tubular basement membranes. An underlying pleomorphic lymphoplasmocytic malignancy, analogous to Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia was found, but without serum or urine monoclonal Ig. Biosynthesis experiments showed that the bone marrow cells synthesized abnormally short light chains with a larger apparent molecular weight when secreted than in the cytoplasmic extracts, presumably because of glycosylation. These results suggest a causal relationship between production of abnormal Ig chains and tissue deposition. PMID- 6795519 TI - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin after injection of GnRH in aged female C57BL/6 mice. AB - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH and prolactin (Prl) were compared by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in young mature (2-4 month-old) and aged (16-22 month old) female C57BL/6 mice, following various experiments with IP injections of GnRH. Unanesthetized mice were bled by cardiac puncture either (1) at various time intervals following a single injection of 25 ng GnRH, (2) after several injections of 25 ng GnRH, or (3) after receiving excessively large doses of GnRH. From the RIA of plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, it appeared that the pituitaries of aged mice were, in general, capable of responding to GnRH treatment, only to a lesser degree than that of the younger females. The exception was that the pituitaries of aged mice that were subjected to unusually high doses of GnRH continued to secrete higher levels of LH, whereas the response of the pituitaries in younger mice plateaued after receiving 25 ng GnRH. Plasma and pituitary concentrations of FSH and Prl remained fairly constant when aged GnRH-treated females were compared with aged controls. This was also true when FSH and Prl concentrations in the younger mice were compared with their controls, except for significantly higher plasma FSH and significantly lower pituitary FSH following several injections of GnRH. When the hormonal concentrations of the young and aged groups were compared in the various experiments, the older mice consistently exhibited higher levels of gonadotropin and lower levels of prolactin than those of the younger mice. In a separate experiment, in which a radioreceptor assay (RRA) was used to quantitate plasma LH in GnRH-treated mice, both age groups were found to have lower concentrations of LH (p less than 0.05) than those obtained by RIA from the same animals. The RRA to RIA ratio, however, was 0.84 for 2-4 month-old and 0.57 for 16-22 month-old mice. These studies suggest that the anterior pituitary of the aged mouse is less sensitive to GnRH stimulation. PMID- 6795520 TI - Effects of acute hypoxia on incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic into glycerolipids of rat brain. AB - The effects of 1 min of acute hypoxic treatment (1% O2 in N2) on incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into brain lipids of 16-day-old rats were investigated at 3, 6, and 12 min after intracerebral injection of the labeled fatty acid. The hypoxic-hypoxia condition associated with convulsive seizures caused a decrease in the conversion of labeled arachidonate to its acyl-CoA as well as incorporation of the label into the brain phospholipids. Among the phospholipids, there was a specific decrease in the labeling of diacylglycerophosphoinositol (GPI), and this change was accompanied by an increase in labeling of the diacylglycerols. These results indicate that metabolism of the long-chain fatty acids and some glycerolipids in brain are vulnerable to acute hypoxic treatment. PMID- 6795521 TI - Effects of alpha- and beta-hCG subunits on the shortloop feedback control of gonadotropins. AB - We have previously demonstrated that, in the rabbit, both LH and FSH secretions are controlled by shortloop feedback regulatory systems which are highly specific and sensitive. FSH secretion is suppressed by FSH; LH secretion is suppressed by LH and hCG. We have now evaluated the possible role of alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG in the control of LH secretion in rabbits. Experiments were performed in unanesthetized castrated female rabbits bearing chronically implanted silastic catheters to permit repeated blood sampling without anesthesia. Intravenous injections of purified alpha- and beta-chain of hCG were administered in dose levels from 10 to 300 micrograms, and blood samples were taken from -30 to 240 min before and after the bolus injections. Peripheral levels of rabbit FSH and LH were determined by RIA systems, which do not cross-react with intact hCG or its alpha- and beta-subunits. By analysis of variance, no significant suppression of LH and FSH occurred in response to these doses of the subunits. Intact hCG, in doses of 1 microgram, produced a sharp decrease in rabbit LH levels within 10 min. These in vivo studies demonstrate that there is no intrinsic activity of the dissociated purified alpha- and beta-hCG subunits on the shortloop feedback control of gonadotropins in the rabbit. PMID- 6795522 TI - Marked reduction in gonadal steroid hormone levels in rats treated neonatally with monosodium L-glutamate: further evidence for disruption of hypothalamic pituitary-gonadal axis regulation. AB - Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol-17 beta and testosterone were determined in adult rats that were treated in the neonatal period with monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) which has previously been shown to reliably produce destruction of arcuate nucleus perikarya. MSG-treated males had significantly smaller accessory sexual organs (seminal vesicles and ventral prostate) and tests and had significantly lower serum concentrations of FSH and testosterone than sex-matched controls. MSG treated females had significantly lower serum concentrations of LH, FSH and estradiol-17 beta. Prolactin levels of MSG-treated rats were no different than sex-matched controls. This marked reduction in gonadal steroid levels (decreases 68%) and inappropriately low gonadotropin levels further characterizes the deficit of feedback regulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in MSG treated rats. PMID- 6795523 TI - Behavioural effects of central and peripheral injection of various analogues and metabolites of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 6795524 TI - Pituitary hormone response to head injury. AB - Measurements of the serum levels of pituitary hormones were made in six patients with uncomplicated head injury. Samples were obtained at 4-hour intervals for 72 hours to evaluate diurnal rhythms. Three of the six patients revealed elevations of serum growth hormone (GH) and prolactin, but no trends could be established. Likewise, three patients had marked elevations of luteinizing hormone and lesser elevations of follicle-stimulating hormone, but no pattern was discernible. The level of thyroid-stimulating hormone was stable and remained in the normal range throughout. GH was measured after intravenous glucose loading. A paradoxical rise reverted to normal at the late follow-up evaluation. It is suggested that the abnormal levels were related to abnormal hypothalamic function rather than to pituitary damage. PMID- 6795525 TI - Influence of a continuous high dose infusion of mannitol on cerebral blood flow in normal dogs. AB - In normal dogs, the continuous infusion of 2 g of mannitol per kg resulted in a transient increase in cerebral blood flow of approximately 30%, which was accompanied by a concomitant reduction in cerebrovascular resistance. These changes were maximal 30 minutes after the infusion was initiated and resolved by 180 minutes. The changes were not related to alterations in arterial blood gases, systemic arterial or central venous pressures, or heart rate. PMID- 6795526 TI - Nonsurgical management of spontaneous intracerebral hematoma. AB - This report describes our experience with the use of osmotic diuretics, governed by continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP), as the primary treatment for 12 consecutive patients suffering from an acute, supratentorial intracerebral hematoma. In all cases the hematoma, as shown by computed tomographic scan, had a long axis of greater than 4.0 cm. ICP and cerebral perfusion pressure were successfully maintained within the assigned limits in all patients, and in none was surgical evacuation required. There was one death during the 6-month follow up period. With appropriate weighting to differences in admission status, statistical comparison of the patient outcome in the present series with that reported by McKissock et al. suggests that ICP monitoring can improve the outcome of conservatively (and perhaps surgically) treated patients. PMID- 6795527 TI - Incorporation of [2-14C] DL - mevalonic acid into brain cholesterol in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). PMID- 6795528 TI - The use of the CO2-laser for the removal of awkwardly situated meningiomas. AB - The surgical CO2-laser knife is now a safe and well-proven instrument, which is being used more and more in neurosurgical practice. The particular advantages are its accuracy and the fact that much less handling of the tissue is necessary (4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11). We are reporting its use in eight cases of supratentorial meningiomas, six of which were in situations not easily accessible. The operations would have been very risky using normal technique because the tumours were very large and were also extremely vascular. The technical and clinical advantages of the CO2-La-ser are presented. PMID- 6795529 TI - Choice of fluids for resuscitation in trauma. PMID- 6795530 TI - Combat casualties in Northern Thailand: emphasis on land mine injuries and levels of amputation. PMID- 6795531 TI - The postmenopausal palpable ovary syndrome: a fourteen-year review. PMID- 6795532 TI - Successful substitution of aerosol nebulization therapy for IPPB at a Veterans Administration Medical Center. PMID- 6795533 TI - A survey of foot and ankle morbidity during a National Guard Reserve annual training period. PMID- 6795534 TI - Pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle diagnosed by two-dimensional echocardiography: case report. PMID- 6795535 TI - Electrochemical profiles of crown-and-bridge alloys. PMID- 6795536 TI - Rape: evaluation and treatment in a military hospital. PMID- 6795537 TI - Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach (gastric pseudolymphoma): case report. PMID- 6795538 TI - Discharge planning process: an interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 6795539 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of "prune belly' syndrome: case report. PMID- 6795540 TI - Jaw bone cavities associated with facial pain syndromes: case reports. PMID- 6795541 TI - Case for diagnosis. Rectal bleeding. PMID- 6795542 TI - Plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis: decline in antireceptor antibody without clinical improvement. Case report. PMID- 6795543 TI - Employed wives of US Army members in Germany fare better than those unemployed. PMID- 6795544 TI - Intracerebral hematoma simulating bacterial meningitis: case report. PMID- 6795545 TI - [Glucose-1-phosphate associated with total parenteral feeding. Study of various metabolic effects and leukocyte functions]. AB - The effects of glucose-1-phosphate (250-500 ml given by i.v. infusion over a period of 3-4 h for 3-5 days) on the quantity of exogenous insulin administered and on leukocyte adhesion and chemotaxis were studied in 4 groups of post operative patients submitted to TPN (total parenteral nutrition), TPN + glucose-1 phosphate, standard infusion therapy and standard infusion therapy + glucose-1 phosphate respectively. With the use of glucose-1-phosphate the quantity of insulin administered could be significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) thereby an increased utilization of glucose, induced by the phosphorylated saccharide, was confirmed. Moreover, glucose-1-phosphate, through its action on intracellular sugar metabolism, increased leukocyte adhesion during TPN. This phenomenon might have a favourable effect on some of the functions carried out by these cells on the inflammatory response. PMID- 6795546 TI - [A case of Pringle-Bourneville disease]. PMID- 6795547 TI - Ascorbic acid enhances the cytotoxic effect of 6-hydroxydopamine for human neuroblastoma cell lines. AB - Determination of LD50 values showed 3 human neuroblastoma cell lines to be 2-8 fold more sensitive to 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) than a mouse sarcoma cell line. Treatment of the cells with 6-OHDA and ascorbic acid decreased the cytotoxicity of 6-OHDA for the sarcoma cells and increased cytotoxicity for the 3 neuroblastoma cell lines. PMID- 6795548 TI - The role of dopamine in pontine intracranial self-stimulation: a re-examination of the problem. AB - Subsequent of their achieving stable rates of responding for electrical stimulation through electrodes implanted in the region of the brachium conjunctivum, rats were anaesthetized and 6-hydroxydopamine injected through an implanted guide tube into the area of lateral hypothalamus in which the ascending axons of dopamine-containing neurones are found. The resultant destruction of these axons had similar temporary effects on the behaviour of the animals whether it was ipsilateral or contralateral to the electrode. It is concluded that nigral or mesolimbic dopaminergic systems are not involved in pontine intracranial self stimulation behaviour. PMID- 6795549 TI - The management of mild hypertension: benefits and costs. PMID- 6795550 TI - Sodium valproate in pregnancy. PMID- 6795551 TI - Incremental clomiphene therapy: a new method for treating persistent anovulation. AB - Thirty anovulatory patients, previously unresponsive to clomiphene citrate in standard dosage, were treated with a new incremental method of clomiphene therapy. Clomiphene was given continuously with dosage increments every 5 days, up to a maximum dose of 3750 mg, and ovarian response was monitored with urinary estrogen estimation and with ultrasound. Twenty-one patients (70%) ovulated on this regimen and 8 (27%) conceived; 6 patients who ovulated but did not conceive had other infertility factors. Clomiphene response was associated with a progressive rise in follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estrogen excretion; these parameters were unchanged in nonresponders. Side effects of treatment were minimal and only 1 case of hyperstimulation occurred. Preliminary testing with estrogen-amplified gonadotropin-releasing hormone did not differentiate responders from nonresponders. Incremental clomiphene treatment appears to be a less complicated alternative for patients who would otherwise require exogenous gonadotropin therapy. PMID- 6795552 TI - Restoration of the ovarian response to gonadotropins in patients after molar abortion. AB - The recovery of the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation after molar abortion was investigated in relation to the serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level. Thirteen women with an aborted mole were given 225 IU of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) per day for 3 consecutive days, and their serum levels of estradiol (E2) were determined by radioimmunoassay on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after hMG administration. Women with serum hCG levels of less than 200 mIU/ml exhibited a normal increase in serum E2 levels in response to hMG, whereas women with serum hCG levels of 2000 mIU/ml or more did not show any change after hMG administration. These findings suggest that a serum level of hCG in excess of 2000 mIU/ml prevents normal ovarian E2 responsiveness to exogenous gonadotropin stimulation. PMID- 6795553 TI - [Mycotic infections as possible complications in penetrating eye injuries]. PMID- 6795554 TI - [Use of intal in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis in children]. PMID- 6795555 TI - [Peptide hormones LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, beta-HCG and PTH in patients with urogenital tumors]. AB - Serum levels of the peptide hormones, LH, FSH, TSH, prolactin, beta-HCG and PTH are observed to significantly modulate in patients with urogenital tumors, beta HCG appears elevated in patients with chorioncarcinoma, teratoma and embryonal carcinoma and is shown to increase serum prolactin. TSH and prolactin are measured in pathological range in patients with renal carcinomas. Following nephrectomy serum TSH persists in high levels only in patients with advanced diseases, while PTH is more frequently suppressed in these patients. Serum LH and prolactin show a more distinct change of values in infiltrating bladder cancer, when compared to that of noninvasive bladder carcinomas. Prostate benign hyperplasia and cancer demonstrate similar ranges for peptide hormones, that will be changed by estrogen treatment in its LH, TSH and prolactin pattern. Serum levels of peptide hormones are affected by a complex system of ectopic hormone production, synthesis of peptide analogues, metabolic changes due to age and treatment. PMID- 6795556 TI - Plasma concentrations of C-19 steroids, estrogens, FSH, LH and prolactin in post menopausal women with an without breast cancer. AB - The plasma levels of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, testosterone, delta 5 androstene-3 beta-17 beta-diol, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin were measured in normal post-menopausal women and in post-menopausal women with proven breast cancer. The mean prolactin level was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) and the mean 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone level lower (p less than 0.05) for the women the breast cancer. There were no significant differences for any of the other hormones. As well, there were no significant differences for the extent of binding of testosterone and delta 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol to plasma proteins between the two groups of subjects. PMID- 6795557 TI - PDS (polydioxanone suture): a new synthetic absorbable suture in cataract surgery. A preliminary study. AB - PDS (polydioxanone suture), a new synthetic absorbable suture, was used in 21 patients undergoing cataract surgery. It still retains 25% of its tensile strength at 42 days but absorption takes 130-180 days. 1 braided coated and 1 monofilament PDS were adequate as conjunctival sutures but offered no advantage over available materials. 0.5 monofilament PDS was superior in handling qualities to 0.4 virgin silk. It does not need to be removed but retains tensile strength for longer than other absorbable sutures. PMID- 6795558 TI - Localization of blood-borne bacteria in instrumented unfilled root canals. AB - The tissue fluid content of instrumented but unfilled root canals of five cats were analyzed for possible localization and growth of intravenously injected bacteria. Although it was possible to maintain a bacteremia for at least 120 minutes, the results showed that the test organisms were not capable of being attracted in the stagnant tissue fluid of the unfilled root canals. Even 48 hours after injection, all samples obtained from the canals were negative for the test organism. The phenomenon of "anachoresis" in unfilled root canals could not be documented under the experimental design. PMID- 6795559 TI - The demineralizing efficiency of EDTA solutions on dentin. I. Influence of pH. PMID- 6795560 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the oral mucosa. PMID- 6795561 TI - Management of physical problems in a psychiatric hospital: a study of problem oriented patient care. PMID- 6795562 TI - Three methods of process-oriented nursing evaluation. PMID- 6795563 TI - Managing quality assurance activities in a large teaching hospital. PMID- 6795564 TI - Reducing medication errors: individual prescription orders versus the unit-dose system. PMID- 6795565 TI - A pediatric ambulatory care evaluation: record review using objective criteria. PMID- 6795566 TI - [Fibrous cord in congenital absence of the fibula]. PMID- 6795568 TI - [Effectiveness of chronic peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6795567 TI - Constant AMP synthesis in aqueous solution by electric discharges. AB - An electric discharge was made through a gas mixture of N2 (7 cm Hg), H2 (14 cm Hg) and CO2 (14 cm Hg) over an aqueous solution (100 ml, pH 7.6) of adenosine (0.02 M) and phosphate (0.2 M) in a 5 liter vessel simulating primitive earth conditions. AMP was produced at a constant rate in the solution, and the yield reached about 2% in two months. PMID- 6795569 TI - [Pituitary hormone secretion studied by simultaneous use of thyrotropin releasing hormone and Hungarian-made luteinizing hormone releasing hormone]. PMID- 6795570 TI - Optimal use of blood components and derivatives. PMID- 6795571 TI - Recent advances in immunology and their possible relation to disease. PMID- 6795572 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism with hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - This is a report about three children suffering from pseudo-hypoparathyroidism type I and moderate primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid dysfunction was characterised by slightly low plasma thyroxine and high basal TSH showing an increased response to TRH. T3 and rT3 were within normal limits, the size of the thyroid glands and also bone age were normal. The plasma concentrations of T4 and TSH and the response of TSH to TRH were no different during hypocalcemia from those obtained in normocalcemia during vitamin D treatment. Thyroxine treatment could normalize T4 and TSH. Moderate hypothyroidism is frequently present in pseudohypoparathyroidism. It has to be assumed that the same genetical defect of the second messenger, already proved to exist in the kidneys of patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism may also exist in the thyroid gland. PMID- 6795573 TI - [Valproic acid -- clinical efficiency and serum concentration in the treatment of petit mal epilepsy in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - 28 children with Petit mal epilepsy were treated with valproic acid either as drug of primary choice or because of resistance to other antiepileptic drugs. Efficacy of treatment was measured by reduction of seizure frequency and EEG recordings. Serum concentration of valproic acid was measured in all patients. The best clinical efficacy was found in children with absence seizures, who also required the lowest dosages. Side effects of therapy were (in most cases) transitory. PMID- 6795574 TI - Behavioral medicine in pain and analgesia management for the hemophilic child with factor VIII inhibitor. AB - The present report describes the application of self-regulation techniques (progressive muscle relaxation, meditative breathing, and guided imagery) to the management of bleeding and arthritic pain and analgesic dependence in a 9-year old hemophilic child with factor VIII inhibitor. Self-regulation training was effective in decreasing pain intensity and analgesic dependence, with 1-year follow-up demonstrating substantial improvements across both medical and psychosocial parameters. PMID- 6795575 TI - The nature of immunity against Trypanosoma cruzi in mice recovered from acute infection. AB - Protective immunity against a lethal, Y strain, T. cruzi infection could be transferred to normal mice by either serum or spleen cells from mice which had recovered from the acute phase of infection. The ability of spleen cells to transfer immunity was abolished by B lymphocyte removal (anti-Ig column fractionation), but was relatively insensitive to T lymphocyte depletion (anti Thy 1.2 plus complement) or macrophage removal (Sephadex G-10 fractionation). Immune spleen cells gave an anamnestic antibody response when injected together with T. cruzi antigen into lethally irradiated recipients and these antibodies conferred protection in a passive transfer system. T cell depletion reduced, but did not abolish, this antibody response. These data imply that the protective immunity of T. cruzi-convalescent mice is predominantly B cell-mediated with T cell involvement being restricted to a helper role. PMID- 6795576 TI - [Evaluation of the bactericidal activity of chiral alkylammonium salts derived from N-benzoyl-amino acids with Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. I. -- Evaluation of the antibacterial activity (author's transl)]. AB - Long-chained alkylammonium salts (C12 and C16) obtained from chiral N-benzoyl amino acids were tested against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus, to evaluate their antibacterial efficacy. The bactericidal activity (MBC) determined by the membrane filtration technique and the bacteriostatic activity values suggested anionic group participation. The participation of the anion moiety, depended on nature and configuration of the amino acid. Stereoselective interactions appeared between bacteria and the cationic surfactants tested. PMID- 6795577 TI - [Evaluation of the bactericidal activity of chiral alkylammonium salts derived from N-benzoyl-amino acids with Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus. II. -- Adsorption mechanism and interpretation (author's transl)]. AB - By testing the antibacterial activity of new long-chained alkylammonium salts with organic asymmetric anions (N-benzoyl-amino-acids) we have been able to precise the kind of interaction that would take place between the microorganisms and the two groups of the surfactant molecule. Evidence for anion participation to the bactericidal activity appeared through kind and configuration of the amino acid. A mechanism is proposed, that takes into account, hydrophobic and ionic interactions with cation and anion participation. PMID- 6795578 TI - The incidence of liver specific antigens in liver disease. AB - Three soluble, liver-specific antigens were demonstrated in the sera of between 20 and 40% of patients suffering from liver related diseases; the pattern of distribution of these antigens in patients suffering from hepatitis A, hepatitis B, non-A non-B hepatitis and from glandular fever is described. Liver-specific antigens were also detected in approximately 10% of patients in whom no primary liver abnormality ws suspected but not in a control group of healthy individuals. Our results suggest that the appearance of liver antigens in the sera of patients suffering from specific diseases associated with abnormalities of liver function is inconstant and hence of no clinical value. PMID- 6795579 TI - Simplified renin sampling with heparin as anticoagulant. PMID- 6795580 TI - Ossification in a soft tissue embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - We describe the previously unreported finding of ossification within a rhabdomyosarcoma of the extremity in the absence of bone destruction. Rhabdomyosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor but could not be radiographically differentiated from benign or other malignant causes of soft-tissue masses containing calcium. Definitive diagnosis and thus appropriate therapy requires prompt pathologic examination. PMID- 6795581 TI - Ventilatory chemoreceptor response in parents of children at risk for sudden infant death syndrome. AB - We postulated that parents of infants who sustain near-death episodes associated with defective chemical regulation of breathing might share a similar defect. We, therefore, measured the ventilatory responses to progressive hypoxia and hypercapnia individually in eight sets of parents of infants who had sustained at least one near-death episode (apnea, cyanosis, pallor, limpness, and responsive only to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation); each infant had a ventilatory response to CO2 which was more than 2 S.D. below the mean normal. Ventilatory function measured by vital capacity forced expiratory volume 1.0 and flow curves was normal in each group. Responses to hypercapnia and hypoxemia in both fathers and mothers were similar to 11 pairs of controls. Ventilation during CO2 rebreathing normalized for surface area increased 0.87 liter/min/mm Hg in fathers, 0.94 in controls, 0.87 in mothers, and 0.75 in controls. Ventilation during progressive hypoxemia increased 88 liter/min/1 divided by mm Hg in fathers, 92 in controls, 86 in mothers, and 101 in controls. None of these differences was significant. PMID- 6795582 TI - Estimated cerebral blood flow in term infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. AB - Estimated cerebral blood flow (eCBF) was measured sequentially in seven term infants with evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and compared with that of normal-term infants. The eCBF was determined by a noninvasive method involving brief bilateral jugular venous occlusion with simultaneous measurement of occipitofrontal circumference. There was a significant decrease in eCBF on day 2 (30 +/- 4 ml/min/100 g brain weight) and on day 4 (36 +/- 5 ml/min/100 g brain weight) compared with control values (56 +/- 4 ml/min/100 g brain weight; 54 +/- 4 ml/min/100 g brain weight) (P less than 0.01). The alveolar CO2 was significantly lower on days 2 and 4 in the HIE group (P less than 0.001), and these values increased to control values by day 6. There was no significant correlation between estimated cerebral blood flow and alveolar CO2 in infants with HIE. We conclude that term infants with evidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy demonstrate lowered eCBF in the first 4 days of life. PMID- 6795583 TI - [Bacterial etiological factors in urinary tract infections in children]. PMID- 6795584 TI - [Etiological role of enterococci in intestinal infections of children]. PMID- 6795585 TI - [Experimental study on the optimal sequential combining modality of radiation therapy and non-specific immunopotentiator PSK (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795586 TI - [Enzyme containing toothpaste]. PMID- 6795587 TI - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 6795588 TI - [Acute poisoning by sodium valproate]. PMID- 6795589 TI - [Noxytioline in the local treatment of empyema (author's transl)]. AB - The importance assumed by local treatment in non-tuberculous purulent pleurisy has suggested that intrapleural applications of a broad spectrum antiseptic could be as useful as in peritonitis. Fifteen adult patients with empyema secondary, in most cases, to local, usually Gram-negative, infections were treated with combined antibiotic therapy and locally administered noxytioline. The patients underwent 3 to 30 intrapleural lavages (average 9) via a pleurotomy drainage tube (11 cases) or after pleural puncture (4 cases). Results were very satisfactory in 12 out of 15 cases, with mild pleural sequelae in 8 cases. No local or systemic reactions were observed. This treatment proved particularly effective in 5 difficult cases. PMID- 6795590 TI - [Isolated hyperammonemia. A frequent consequence of treatment with sodium valproate]. PMID- 6795591 TI - Mouse heavy chain variable regions: nucleotide sequence of a germ-line VH gene segment. AB - We have constructed a library of Balb/c mouse embryo DNA in the vector Charon 4A. The library was searched for sequences homologous to the VH region of a cloned cDNA of the UPC10 heavy chain mRNA. In this paper, we describe the structure and the partial nucleotide sequence of one of such clones (VH441). The nucleotide sequence of this germ-line gene indicates that it encodes amino-acids 1-98 of the X44 and J601 galactan-binding VH regions, but that it differs from the UPC10 VH segment by four single base changes. The VH gene appears to contain a 101 bases long intervening sequence within a precursor sequence identical to the precursor sequence of UPC10. The 3' non coding sequence of the V gene contains the two conserved sequences found in embryonic V DNA segments, CACAGTG and ACATGAACC, separated by 23 nucleotides and a sequence CACTGTG separated by 33 nucleotides from the first heptamer. PMID- 6795592 TI - Two specific ribonucleoprotein fragments from rat liver 60S ribosomal subunits. AB - K+-depleted 60S ribosomal subunits from rat liver were submitted to a mild treatment with ribonuclease T1. Ribonucleoprotein fragments could be separated on sucrose gradients only when the digested subunits were partially deproteinized with a high KCl concentration (0.6 M) which removed seven proteins more or less completely and 5S RNA. The RNA and protein content of each fragment has been characterized. The largest ribonucleoprotein enclosed two RNA fragments of about 950,000 and 750,000 daltons and all the salt-resistant proteins except L5. The smallest one enclosed protein L5 (with L11, L17 and L26 in small amounts) and a 67,000 RNA piece. The subsequent hydrolysis of the large ribonucleoprotein produced several other ribonucleoproteins. One of them has been fully characterized: it enclosed a 250,000 RNA fragment and protein L12 (with L11, L25 and L30 in smaller amounts). PMID- 6795593 TI - Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: evolutionary comparisons of C mu, C delta and C gamma genes and associated switch sequences. AB - Human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes have been characterised in isolated clones. The human c mu gene comprises discrete domains for C mu 1, C mu 2, C mu 3 and C mu 4 + tp separated by short intervening sequences. The C delta gene has been located about 5 kb downstream of C mu 4. Furthermore, the coding segments for the membrane form of mu have been located 1.9 kb downstream of C mu 4. Tandemly repeated sequences implicated in the heavy chain class switch occur upstream of the C mu and the C gamma genes, but none were detected near the C delta gene. These tandem repeats are very homologous to those of mouse. Particularly common is the sequence G-A-G-C-T. These data suggest that the mu to gamma switch in humans involves DNA rearrangements of the CH-genes and subsequent deletion of DNA, but that the coexpression of C mu and C delta genes results from different mechanisms. PMID- 6795594 TI - Termination of transcription of the coliphage T7 "early" operon in vitro: slowness of enzyme release, and lack of any role for sigma. AB - The leftmost portion of the coliphage T7 genome is transcribed by the RNA polymerase Escherichia coli immediately after infection. This "early" operon is delineated by three promoters on the left, and a transcriptional terminator on the right. The terminator is efficient both in vivo, and with highly purified RNA polymerase in vitro. We have studied termination in vitro, using synchronously initiated transcription reactions with low enzyme:DNA ratios. We show that recognition of the stop signal and release of RNA product are relatively rapid. Dissociation of the enzyme from the DNA is quite slow, and probably rate-limiting for re-cycling of the polymerase. It is well established that the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase is required for specific initiation, but redundant during RNA elongation. By exploiting antisigma antiserum we have obtained evidence that sigma is also redundant during all steps of termination in vitro. PMID- 6795595 TI - Aphidicolin inhibits DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase alpha and isolated nuclei by a similar mechanism. AB - Aphidicolin is a selective inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha. In contrast to earlier reports, the drug was found to inhibit DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase alpha and isolated HeLa cell nuclei by a similar mechanism. For both systems aphidicolin primarily competed with dCTP incorporation. However, the apparent Vmax for dCTP incorporation was reduced by 50-60% at relatively low concentrations of aphidicolin, thus the mechanism of inhibition is complex. Furthermore, a 2-5 fold increase in apparent Km for dTTP was observed in the presence of aphidicolin, but the apparent Km values for dATP and dGTP were essentially unaltered. This, together with additional evidence, suggested that the mechanism of action of aphidicolin involves a strong competition with dCMP incorporation, a weaker competition with dTMP incorporation and very little, if any, competition with dGMP and dAMP incorporation. PMID- 6795596 TI - RNA metabolism in isolated nuclei: processing and transport of immunoglobulin light chain sequences. AB - Transport of prelabeled RNA from isolated myeloma nuclei is studied using conditions that permit RNA synthesis. Cytosol and spermidine are not required to maintain nuclear stability and inhibited RNA release. Omission of ATP or GTP decreased release 25 to 40%. The stimulatory effect of ATP or GTP is not due to hydrolysis of the triphosphates by the nuclear envelope NTPase, since addition of quercetin (an inhibitor of this NTPase) has no effect on the quantity of RNA released. The size distribution and percentage of poly A-containing species released from nuclei incubated with or without ATP or the other rNTPs are identical. Hybridization analysis of nuclear RNA before the transport assay revealed mature and precursor k light chain mRNA sequences. Following the transport assay, a significant fraction of k mRNA precursors is chased into mature k mRNA which is found both in nuclear-retained and released RNA. PMID- 6795597 TI - Cell-free expression of the beta-galactosidase gene: a model system to study the effects of nucleotide analogs on transcription-translation. AB - A cell-free system for the expression of the beta-galactosidase gene was employed to study the effects of the UTP and CTP analogs: s2UTP, s2CTP, f5UTP and rTTP on transcription-translation. From the analogs investigated, only rTTP turned out to be able to substitute UTP in the cell-free synthesis of beta-galactosidase. In case of the other analogs listed above, the incorporation of even a small fraction of analog into rRNA resulted in drastic inhibition of beta-galactosidase synthesis. PMID- 6795598 TI - Falls in the elderly in hospital. PMID- 6795599 TI - Hemodialytic therapy for the patient with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6795600 TI - Nursing care study - diabetic ketoacidosis: a case for self-discipline. PMID- 6795601 TI - [Role of intal in the reduction of corticosteroid doses in the treatment of bronchial asthma and chronic spastic bronchitis]. PMID- 6795602 TI - Surface antigen (S) common to rat and mouse embryonal carcinoma cells and to pre implantation embryos. AB - Five R rat embryonal carcinomas were induced by inoculating MSV into the placenta of fectotomized rats. Anti-embryonal carcinoma antisera were prepared by allogeneic or xenogeneic immunization with ascitic embryonal carcinoma cells. To remove the non-specific activity both antisera were absorbed in vivo and in vitro. By indirect immunofluorescent assay these absorbed antisera were reactive only on rat embryonal carcinomas and on undifferentiated primitive teratocarcinoma cells of C3H and 129/SV mouse. They did not react with the differentiated cells of mouse teratocarcinomas, with other rat and mouse tumors and with various normal rat and mouse tissues including spermatozoa. A positive reaction was found on mouse and rat pre-implantation embryos from the 4-cell stage to late blastocyst. PMID- 6795603 TI - Progressive growth of transplanted tumors is accompanied by increasing serum concentrations of murine gamma fetal antigen. AB - BALB/c mice bearing growing Meth A sarcomas developed gradually increasing serum concentrations of the tumor-associated murine gamma fetal antigen (gamma-FA), a trend which could be reversed by surgical excision of the tumor tissue. This antigen was not detected in the sera of normal adult mice or in the sera of animals with non-neoplastic proliferative condition. Although gamma-FA occurs in splenic tissue, its concentration in tumor-bearer serum was unaffected by splenectomy suggesting that gamma-FA is not released by the spleen in response to tumor growth. Agar gel precipitin and radioimmunoprecipitation assays, using antisera prepared to the major internal protein (P 30) and external glycoprotein (gp 70) of Rauscher murine leukemia virus and to the secondary glycoprotein (gp 34) of mouse mammary tumor virus, indicated that gamma-FA is not a major structural component of the more wide-spread murine retroviruses. The appearance of gamma-FA in the sera of tumor-bearing mice may reflect the ectopic activation of a specific cellular gene, the expression of which bears some relationship to neoplastic transformation. PMID- 6795604 TI - New placental proteins and their potential diagnostic significance as tumour markers. AB - Five new soluble placental tissue proteins (PP8, PP9,, PP10, PP11 and PP12) have been isolated, purified and characterized. PP, has the electrophoretic mobility of a beta 1-globulin; the other 4 proteins are alpha 1-globulins. The molecular weights of these proteins range from 25 000--65 000 daltons. They all are glycoproteins with carbohydrate contents ranging from 3.9--6.6%. The amino acid compositions of these proteins also have been determined. PP8 and PP, are ubiquitous tissue proteins in that they occur in relatively high concentrations in almost all human tissues examined. PP10, PP11 and PP12 could not be detected in extracts of other human tissues and, therefore, were supposed to be specific to the placenta. PP10--12 was shown to be present in tumour tissues by an immunoglobulin enzyme bridge (PAP) technique. The results suggest that these proteins may be useful as markers in oncology. PMID- 6795605 TI - Tumor and placental histaminase, I. affinity chromatography purification and characterization of the placental enzyme. AB - Histaminase (diamine oxidase) is an enzyme produced at very high levels by the decidua of the placenta and is found to be associated with a number of human cancers. A procedure for the affinity chromatography purification of this enzyme is described. In this procedure, cadaverine-AH-sepharose was used to bind the enzyme in the placental extract. After extensive washing of the column with 2.5% Triton X-100 in 1 M NaCl, the enzyme was released from the column by 0.1 N chromotropic acid. This purification, essentially a one step procedure, provided 1800-fold purification, and yielded mg quantities of histaminase, homogeneous by SDS-gel electrophoresis and immunodiffusion tests. The procedure usually recovered more than 40% of the enzyme applied and the specific activity of the final enzyme preparation was around 5000 units/mg protein. SDS-gel electrophoresis of the enzyme in different concentrations of acrylamide indicated that the subunit molecular weight of histaminase was about 90,000. Isoelectric focusing of the enzyme in polyacrylamide gel revealed 5 major enzyme components. Results of amino acid analyses indicated that the enzyme had a low content of sulfur-containing amino acids and a relatively high content of dicarboxylic amino acids. The availability of this purification will be useful for the development of immunological methods for detections and quantitation of this enzyme in specimens from cancer patients. PMID- 6795606 TI - [Febrile convulsions in children]. PMID- 6795607 TI - [Glycogenosis type VI. Report of two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795608 TI - TRH in the rat cerebellum: I. Distribution and concentration. AB - We determined the regional distribution and concentration of endogenous TRH in the rat cerebellum. Radioimmunoassay of endogenous TRH extracted and purified from five different regions of the rat cerebellum and whole hypothalamus showed that the cerebellar vermis contained 24 pg/mg, the hemispheres 74 pg/mg, the deep cerebellar nuclei 148 pg/mg, and the flocculo-nodular region 559 pg/mg of TRH. The highest concentration of TRH was in the cerebellar paraflocculi, which contained 786 pg/mg. The hypothalamic concentration of TRH was 465 pg/mg. Assay of the non-purified tissue fractions (crude extracts) resulted in lower TRH values in accordance with data previously reported by other authors. Bioassay analysis of TRH in purified fractions resulted in values similar to those obtained by radioimmunoassay. On the basis of these findings we hypothesize a functional role for TRH in the cerebellum. PMID- 6795609 TI - Trh in the rat cerebellum: II. Uptake by cerebellar slices. AB - We investigated the in vitro uptake of exogenous TRH by rat cerebellar slices. TRH was found to be taken up via a process sharing many of the properties of a high affinity transport system, viz: (1) saturation kinetics; (2) high affinity kinetic constants (Km1 = 1.06 X 10(-5) M, Km2 = 5.6 X 10(-6) M); (3) temperature sensitivity (Q10 = 1.48); (4) dependency on the sodium concentration in the incubation medium; and (5) tissue/medium ratios greater than 1. After 60 min of incubation at 27 degrees C in the presence of Bacitracin, the tissue/medium ratio was 5:1. Under these conditions 70% of the total label was recovered as [3H Pro]TRH. These findings demonstrated the existence of removal mechanisms for TRH in the cerebellum and gave further support to the hypothesis that TRH plays a functional role removal mechanisms for TRH in the cerebellum and gave further support to the hypothesis that TRH plays a functional role in this extrahypothalamic brain region. PMID- 6795610 TI - [Generalized septicemia in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6795611 TI - Intracellular localization of estramustine in rat ventral prostate in vitro. AB - With the aim of studying the mechanism behind the effect of estramustine in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma, the intracellular fate of the drug has been investigated in rat ventral prostate in vitro. Minced tissue was incubated with [3H] estramustine under different conditions, homogenized, and submitted to isopycnic centrifugation on a sucrose gradient using the recently introduced vertical tube rotor. The subcellular localization of the drug was determined by comparison between the distribution of radioactivity in the gradient fractions and the activities of a number of marker enzymes. No metabolism of estramustine occurred as judged by thin-layer chromatography. After incubation of the minced prostate tissue for 1 hour at 30 degrees C with 0.15 microM of [3H] estramustine, most of the drug was recovered in the cytosol fractions which also contained the highest concentrations of the estramustine-binding protein. However, after incubation with 220 microM of estramustine, most drug equilibrated in heavier fractions with high concentrations of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and cathepsin B, marker enzymes for the lysosomes as well as NADPH:cytochrome c reductase, marker enzyme for the endoplasmic reticulum. Extending the incubation time and increasing the temperature reduced the amount of estramustine equilibrating in the heavy fractions and concomitantly increased the portion localized in the cytosol. During all incubation conditions, very little drug seemed to accumulate in the nuclei since the drug distribution was completely different from that of DNA. This suggests that effects other than interaction with nuclear DNA might be of importance for the cytotoxic effect of estramustine. PMID- 6795612 TI - Postnatal development of the ventral prostate gland in normal versus protein calorie malnourished rats. AB - The ultrastructure of the postnatal development of the secretory cells within the ventral prostate gland was studied in the protein-calorie malnourished rat. Twenty-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a low protein diet (LPD) containing 8% protein in the form of vitamin free casein or a standard laboratory diet (SLD) containing 27% protein. Animals maintained on the LPD and SLD were sacrificed every 7 days, beginning on Day 27 and ending on Day 55. The ventral prostate glands were perfused by whole body vascular perfusion via the left ventricle and processed for electron microscopy. The secretory cells of the prostates of the SLD-fed rats demonstrated progressive development of the organelles involved in protein synthesis which included an increase in cisternal profiles of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), an enlargement of the Golgi apparatus, and an increase in the number of mature secretory granules. On the other hand, the growth of the secretory cells of the animals fed the LPD was retarded. The cells had an overall reduction in RER, the elements of the Golgi complex and the size of the nuclei as compared to age-matched controls. Additionally, they were characterized by an increase in various vacuole-like structures along with a concomitant decrease in mature secretory granules. These morphological observations suggest that protein-calorie malnutrition impedes both the development of the ventral prostate gland and the secretory activity of its epithelial cells. PMID- 6795613 TI - Enteral nutritional support: guidelines for feeding tube selection and placement. AB - Enteral nutritional support is an important and effective means of providing needed nutrients to patients. Four levels of support can be defined. Most patients are able to eat the diet prescribed for them (level 1), but some require forced nutritional support given by nasogastric (level 2) or nasoenteral (level 3) feeding tubes or by gastroenterostomy (level 4). Selection of the appropriate tube from among the many commercially available types with different features is important to minimize the risk of medical complications. How the tube is placed depends on whether the patient can or will cooperate. Proper positioning of the tube can be checked without an x-ray film by determining if four criteria have been met in a specified order. PMID- 6795614 TI - The evaluation of cefuroxime in the prevention of postoperative infection. AB - Patients undergoing biliary surgery received either 750 mg cefuroxime i.m. with the premedication and then 8 hourly for 3 days ((group A) or 1.5 g cefuroxime i.v. at the time of induction of anaesthesia (group B) or not treatment (group C). Wound infections occurred in 3 out of 35 patients in group A, 1 out of 40 patients in group B and 11 out of 39 patients in group C (group B significantly different than group C, P less than 0.05). Eight patients (23%) in group C had chest complications. Cefuroxime was effective in the reduction of wound sepsis following biliary surgery and 1.5 g i.v. administered during induction of anaesthesia is the dosage of choice. The incidence of chest infection tended to be lower in patients receiving cefuroxime but many more patients would have to be studied for a conclusive result. PMID- 6795615 TI - Effect of feed or water restriction on basal and TRH-stimulated growth hormone secretion in the growing turkey poult. AB - Both feed and water restriction of growing turkeys resulted in an increase in the basal levels of plasma growth hormone (GH). Restricted birds also showed an increased response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. These changes were significantly greater in feed-restricted birds than in the water restricted birds. After return to ad lib conditions, basal plasma GH levels remained elevated above control levels in both previously restricted groups. However, the GH response to TRH stimulation returned to normal during this period. The increase in GH secretion during undernutrition is a metabolic adjustment consistent with the known role of GH in glucose, protein and fat metabolism. The elevated GH levels present after return to adequate nutrition may aid compensatory growth. Feed and water restriction were equally effective in limiting the growth of young turkey poults. Body weight gain and feed efficiency were severely affected during the first 3 weeks of restriction, but improved during the 4th week. Return to ad lib conditions resulted in compensatory growth and markedly improved feed efficiency in both restricted groups. Feed-restricted birds showed a significant increase in water consumption after 8 days of restriction. This polydipsia may result from intermittent feeding of hungary animals. Water consumption returned to normal after 1 week of ad lip feeding. Birds restricted in water consumption voluntarily limited their feed intake to a level only slightly higher than that of the feed-restricted group. When water was supplied ad lib, these birds immediately resumed normal feed consumption. PMID- 6795616 TI - Kidney arginase activity in chicks fed diets containing deficient or excessive concentrations of lysine, arginine, histidine, or total nitrogen. AB - Three experiments were conducted with 1 to 2-week-old chicks fed purified crystalline amino acid diets. Kidney arginase activity increased substantially when total dietary nitrogen exceeded the dietary requirement for maximal chick weight gain. Single deficiencies of either histidine or lysine in nitrogen adequate diets also resulted in marked increases in enzyme level. Arginine deficiency resulted in a slight increase in arginase activity, but the magnitude of the increase appeared to have little effect on efficiency of arginine utilization. Further, the response could be prevented by making lysine and arginine equally limiting. Increasing the lysine:arginine ratio to two in a nitrogen-deficient diet did not increase arginase activity. The same ratio in a arginine- and nitrogen-adequate diet resulted in a twofold increase in arginase activity accompanied by reductions in rate and efficiency of weight gain. PMID- 6795617 TI - Influence of phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in the chick. AB - A study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary phenylalanine and lysine deficiencies on thyroid morphology in chicks fed crystalline amino acid diets. Both mean follicle diameter and epithelial cell height were significantly reduced in birds fed either of the deficient diets as compared with controls. These results agree with previous studies on serum T4 and T3 concentrations where the effects of an amino acid deficiency were general and not limited to precursors of thyroxine. PMID- 6795618 TI - [D-myeloma (observation of 8 cases)]. PMID- 6795619 TI - [Experimental studies for the hygienic standardization of Lasso in water]. AB - Experimental hygienic-toxical study was carried out on amide herbicide lasso, aiming at its hygienic standardization in water. The studies were carried out in three aspects for the determination of its effect upon the organoleptic qualities of water, on the sanitary regime of water-reservoirs and toxic effect on organism. Threshold and subthershold concentrations of the deleterious effect on colour, small and taste of water were determined as well as on B0N5, on sanitary indication microflora and on cold blooded organisms. The toxicological parameters for acute, subacute and chronic oral toxicity on albino rats were established. On the base of the experimental studies, differentiated hygienic norms (MAC) of lasso were elaborated in the three categories water-reservoirs - I mg/1 for I category and 5 mg/1 for II and II category. PMID- 6795620 TI - [Air environment conditions in the patients' rooms of multistory hospitals]. AB - Air conditions, in winter and summer, were studied in 4 hospital rooms of the multistorey Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical Academy - Sofia. The studies were carried out in the following principal directions: I) Chemical pollution of air; 2) Microbic contamination; 3)Physical state of the environment; 4) Physiological examinations of 52 afebrile patients. The air in the hospital rooms depends on season, storey, cubage, heating regime, airing and maintaining, expressed by various indices. The state of the patients examined according to some principal physiological indices is adequate to the physical components of the environment. PMID- 6795621 TI - A mitochondrial locus is necessary for the synthesis of mitochondrial tRNA in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - We have used a cloned yeast mitochondrial tRNAUCNSer gene as a probe to detect RNA species that are transcripts from this gene in wild-type Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in petite deletion mutants. In RNA from wild-type cells, the tRNA is the most prominent transcript of the gene. In RNA from deletion mutants that retain this gene but have lost other regions of mtDNA, high molecular weight transcripts containing the tRNAUCNSer sequences accumulate but tRNAUCNSer is not made. tRNAUCNSer synthesis can be restored in these mutants when they are mated to other deletion mutants that retain a different portion of the mitochondrial genome. Protein synthesis is not necessary for the restoration, and the restoration is not due to a nuclear effect or to an effect of mating alone, because strains without mtDNA are not able to restore tRNA synthesis. These results definitively demonstrate the existence of a yeast mitochondrial locus that is necessary for tRNA synthesis and, because the restoration of tRNAUCNSer synthesis appears to result from intergenic complementation, not recombination, indicate that this locus acts in trans. PMID- 6795622 TI - An electron microscopic method for localization of ribosomal proteins during transcription of ribosomal DNA: a method for studying protein assembly. AB - We describe a method for the localization of ribosomal proteins on electron microscopic spreads of active rRNA genes. The method consists of raising antibodies against Drosophila melanogaster proteins and allowing these antibodies to react with lysates of D. melanogaster egg chambers. The locations of the bound IgGs in the active transcripts are detected with goat anti-rabbit IgGs that have been labeled with electron-dense polymethacrylate spheres. By statistical analysis we can generate a confidence interval for the initial point of protein assembly for a particular protein. The first point of protein assembly for S14 is located near the 5' end of the pre-18S rRNA. In contrast, the first point of protein assembly for L4 is at 0.38 unit from the initiation point (a unit being the length of a ribosomal transcription unit). The binding patterns of S14 and L4 are consistent with the 5' proximal and the 5' distal orientations of the pre-18S and the pre-28S rRNAs. The method described here provides an approach to the elucidation of the assembly of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins in vivo. PMID- 6795623 TI - ampC cephalosporinase of Escherichia coli K-12 has a different evolutionary origin from that of beta-lactamases of the penicillinase type. AB - A 1536-nucleotide-long sequence that carries the ampC beta-lactamase gene of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome has been determined. This gene codes for a protein of 377 amino acids, of which the first 19 amino acids form a signal peptide. The molecular weight of the mature enzyme was determined to be 39,600. The ampC beta-lactamase with a substrate specificity for cephalosporins showed no significant sequence homologies with beta-lactamases of the penicillinase type or with D-alanine carboxypeptidases. However, because the region around serine-80 of the ampC beta-lactamase has extensive homology with an active-site fragment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa cephalosporinase, we suggest that the ampC cephalosporinase as well as related cephalosporinases form a distinct group of serine beta-lactamases that have an evolutionary origin different from that of the serine penicillinases and thus constitute a new class of beta-lactamases. PMID- 6795624 TI - Expression of the J chain gene during B cell differentiation is inversely correlated with DNA methylation. AB - During B cell differentiation, transcription of the J chain gene is initiated. To determine the regulatory mechanism involved, we have analyzed the structure of the J chain gene in cell lines representing successive stages in B cell development. Comparison of restriction sites showed that the J chain gene does not require a rearrangement of DNA for expression; cleavage sites present in embryonic J chain DNA were preserved through all the subsequent differentiative steps. However, comparison of 5-methylcytosine contents showed that J chain gene expression correlates with a loss of methyl groups. The J chain gene was heavily methylated in cell types not expressing J chain (i.e., embryo and lymphomas representative of immature and mature B cells) and significantly less methylated in cell lines representative of antigen-stimulated lymphocytes synthesizing J chain. These changes in J chain gene methylation represent a specific differentiation-induced response. Analyses of the heavy chain C mu and C gamma 2b genes, which are expressed at earlier and later stages than the J chain gene, showed that the C mu sequences were undermethylated in all cell types examined whereas the C gamma 2b sequences were undermethylated only in cell lines expressing the IgG2b protein. The primary encounter of a B cell with antigen must therefore trigger events that effect J chain gene transcription through a mechanism involving loss of methyl groups from cytosine. PMID- 6795625 TI - Initiation factor-independent translation of mRNAs from Gram-positive bacteria. AB - Initiation factor-independent translation of mRNA derived from bacillus phage phi29 DNA occurs with translation systems derived from Bacillus subtilis or Escherichia coli. This is in sharp contrast to the strict dependence on ribosome salt wash fraction of E. coli ribosomes for the translation of T7 and other mRNAs derived from Gram-negative organisms. PMID- 6795626 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: evidence for X linkage, inactivation, and selection favoring the mutant allele in heterozygous cells. AB - Skin fibroblasts of human males affected with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) have previously been shown to be abnormal with respect to C26 fatty acid content. Skin fibroblast clones from heterozygotes in three families segregating this mutation have been analyzed and are of two types: clones with normal ratios of C26 to C22 fatty acids and clones with an excess of C26 fatty acids similar to that found in cells of affected males. This indicates not only that the locus is X linked but also that it is subject to inactivation. In most of the heterozygotes there were significantly more clones of abnormal type than those expressing the normal allele, indicating a proliferative advantage in vitro for skin fibroblasts of mutant type. The increased levels of fatty acids in plasma in most heterozygotes and the phenotype of blood cells of women heterozygous for both ALD and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in one family are evidence that selection favoring the mutant allele may occur in vivo as well as in vitro and may explain why many heterozygotes manifest clinical symptoms of the disease. These studies have also revealed the close linkage between ALD and G6PD loci, because there are no recombinants among 18 informative offspring of doubly heterozygous mothers. Therefore, the ALD locus can be mapped on the human X chromosome near the G6PD locus at Xq28. PMID- 6795627 TI - Biogenesis of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulins: two primary translation products of the human delta chain, differentially N-glycosylated to four discrete forms in vivo and in vitro. AB - Structural differences between the heavy chain of membrane IgD (delta m) and the heavy chain of secreted IgD (delta s) were investigated by using a human lymphoblastoid cell line that expresses idiotypically identical IgM and IgD. In a wheat germ cell-free system, mRNA from this cell line was shown to encode two distinct delta chains that differed in molecular weight. When translated in vitro in the presence of dog pancreatic microsomal membranes or when synthesized in vivo, these two delta chains were processed to four discrete glycosylated forms, all of which shared idiotypic determinants, C region determinants, and light chain linkage. As shown by digestion with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, these four delta forms represent two delta polypeptide chains that are differentially N-glycosylated. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that, after endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment, delta m has a higher molecular weight than delta s. After integration into dog pancreatic microsomal membranes in vitro, delta m was found not to have a large cytoplasmic domain exposed to proteolytic digestion. The finding that delta m and delta s differ in primary structure is analogous to previous work with the corresponding heavy chains of IgM (mu m and mu s) from the same cell line. Thus, this cell line produces four Ig heavy chains (mu m, mu s, delta m, and delta s), with the same idiotype. The observation of differential N-glycosylation, apparently unique for the delta class, is discussed. PMID- 6795628 TI - Analysis of factor VIII coagulant antigen in normal, thrombin-treated, and hemophilic plasma. AB - The relationship between Factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) and Factor VIII associated von Willebrand factor (VIII:vWF), and the effect of thrombin on VIII:CAg have been determined in plasma by using complexes of VIII:CAg and 125I labeled human anti-VIII:CAg-Fab. Antibody-treated plasma samples were electrophoresed on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide agarose gels and analyzed by autoradiography. The major VIII:CAg-125I-labeled Fab complex that persisted in NaDodSO4 had Mr 3.2 x 10(5). This Mr value was confirmed by column chromatography and sucrose density centrifugation and is presumed to reflect a free VIII:CAg of Mr 2.7 x 10(5). Minor bands were also present on autoradiograms of normal plasma corresponding to Mr values of 2.5, 1.85, and 1.7 x 10(5) (free VIII:CAg related proteins with Mr values of 2.0, 1.35, and 1.2 x 10(5), respectively). None of the VIII:CAg bands was present in plasma samples from five patients with severe hemophilia A. No radioactivity was associated with VIII:vWF multimers on NaDodSO4 gels. Thrombin treatment of normal plasma eliminated the radioactive band at 3.2 x 10(5) and increased the intensity of a band of Mr 1.7 x 10(5). Generation of this presumed VIII:CAg fragment of Mr is approximately equal to 1.2 x 10(5) coincided with a thrombin-induced increase in Factor VIII coagulant activity. These data demonstrate that the form of VIII:CAg detected in normal plasma is not covalently linked to VIII:vWF multimers and is absent in plasma from five hemophilia A patients. Thrombin-induced proteolysis of VIII:CAg can be detected in microliter quantities of normal plasma. PMID- 6795629 TI - Prolongation of murine islet allograft survival by pretreatment of islets with antibody directed to Ia determinants. AB - Islets of Langerhans treated with donor-specific anti-Ia serum and complement were transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier into nonimmunosuppressed diabetic mice. The allografts survived in all recipients for at least 200 days after transplantation. Rejection of an established allograft could be induced by intravenous injection of donor splenocytes. This demonstrates that allografts can serve as targets for immune rejection and supports the possible role of Ia-positive passenger lymphoid cells in initiation of immune rejection. The results show that immunosuppression of the recipient is not a prerequisite for successful transplantation. PMID- 6795630 TI - Mechanism of stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by a factor from rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - Rheumatoid synovial cell monolayers, with [1-14C]arachidonic acid ([1-14C]AA) incorporated into cell lipids, are stimulated by a factor (RSF) produced by explant cultures of rheumatoid synovial tissue to produce up to 50-fold increases in [1-14C]prostaglandin E2 and [1-14C]prostaglandin I2. In contrast, levels of free [1-14C]AA released from RSF-stimulated cells are generally lower than [1 14C]AA levels in cultures of untreated cells. These observations are inconsistent with a mechanism of prostaglandin stimulation consisting of an increase in phospholipase activity, because this mechanism would increase free AA levels as well as prostaglandins. A mechanism is proposed in which free AA is maintained at low steady-state levels by reacylation of free AA into phospholipids at a rate more rapid than its reaction with cyclooxygenase to form prostaglandins. In this mechanism, stimulation of the rate of the cyclooxygenase step by RSF accounts for increased prostaglandin synthesis as well as the decreased release of AA. On the basis of data previously reported by others, it is suggested that this mechanism may also be applicable to the stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by several other agents. Preliminary characterization of the RSF indicates that it is a protein, and molecular seive chromatography indicates that its molecular weight is about 18,000. The production of RSF by rheumatoid synovial tissue is suppressed to undetectable levels by 1 microM dexamethasone. PMID- 6795631 TI - Liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid. AB - Arachidonic acid is oxidatively metabolized by rat liver microsomes at a rate of approximately 5 nmol per min per mg of protein at 25 degrees C. This reaction is dependent on the presence of NADPH and oxygen. Studies with various inhibitors indicate a role for membrane-bound cytochrome P-450 in the transformation of arachidonic acid to a mixture of hydroxy acid derivatives. The stoichiometry of the reaction conforms to that of a monooxygenase reaction--i.e., one mole of NADPH is oxidized per mole of oxygen utilized--suggesting a reaction mechanism different from that proposed for lipid peroxidation reactions. No evidence for the formation of prostaglandin-like metabolites was obtained. The diene character of some of the metabolites formed suggests another role for cytochrome P-450- i.e., participation in hydrogen abstraction reactions for the activation of various substrates. PMID- 6795632 TI - Primary structure of porcine heart citrate synthase. AB - The sequence of 437 amino acid residues of porcine heart citrate synthase [citrate oxaloacetate-lyase (pro-3S-CH2COO leads to acetyl-CoA), EC 4. 1. 3. 7] has been determined by the alignment of fragments generated by cleavage with cyanogen bromide and with trypsin. Isolation of the peptides was facilitated by recent developments in the high-performance liquid chromatography of peptide mixtures. The alignment of these peptides was consistent with that previously deduced from fragments derived by restricted cleavage of citrate synthase by limited proteolysis and cleavage of aspartyl-prolyl bonds and asparaginyl-glycyl bonds. The enzyme contains a modified amino acid, trimethyllysine, at residue 368, showing that the enzyme is subjected to post-translational modification. PMID- 6795633 TI - In vitro reactions of aflatoxin B1-adducted DNA. AB - The chemical stability of aflatoxin B1 bound to calf thymus DNA was studied over a 48-hour exposure to phosphate buffers at pH 6.8-8.0 (37 degrees C). During this time, aliquots of the aflatoxin B1-modified DNA were acid-hydrolyzed and analyzed for the presence of 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyflatoxin B1, 2,3-dihydro 2,3-dihydroxy-aflatoxin B1, and the tentatively identified, 2,3-dihydro-2-(N5 formyl-2',5',6'-triamino-4'-oxo-N5-pyrimidyl-3-hydroxyflatoxin B1 and 2,3-dihydro 2-(8,9-dihydro-8-hydroxy-N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1. Initial experiments determined the stability of 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 in DNA at levels of modification of one residue per 60 and 1500 nucleotides. The acid-hydrolysis products obtained from these modified nucleic acids were qualitatively similar, but their proportional concentrations were different. These quantitative differences were dependent upon both pH and the initial level of modification of the DNA. During the first 6 hr of incubation, under all conditions examined, the formation of 2,3-dihydro-2,3-dihydroxyaflatoxin B1 was responsible for the initial decrease of the 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3 hydroxyaflatoxin B1 adduct in DNA. After 48 hr of incubation at pH 7.0, the major reaction of the modified DNA was depurination of the 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3 hydroxyaflatoxin B1 adduct. However, at pH 8.0, the predominant reaction product formed in 48 hr was the putative 2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5',6'-triamino-4' oxo-N5-pyrimidyl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1. The putative DNA-bound products resulting from the elimination of the positive charge in the imidazole ring of the aflatoxin-N7-guanine adduct [2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5',6'-triamino-4' oxo-N5-pyrimidyl)-3-hydroxy-aflatoxin B1 and 2,3-dihydro-2-(8,9-dihydro-8-hydroxy N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1] were found to be stable in DNA for at least 24 hr at both pH 6.8 and 7.4. Taken together with observed patterns of stability of aflatoxin B1 adducts in vivo, these observations strongly suggest the involvement of enzymatic repair processes in removal of the N7-guanyl adduct and also emphasize the possible biological significance of the stable imidazole ring opened adduct. PMID- 6795634 TI - Extraordinarily high evolutionary rate of pseudogenes: evidence for the presence of selective pressure against changes between synonymous codons. AB - Comparisons of nucleotide sequences of several pseudogenes described to date, including alpha- and beta-globin and immunoglobulin kappa-type variable domain pseudogenes, with those of functional counterparts revealed that pseudogenes accumulate mutations at an extremely high rate uniformly over their entirety. It is remarkable that the evolutionary rate exceeds the rate of changes between synonymous codons, the highest known rate, in functional genes. Because no pseudogenes appear to function, this result strongly supports the neutral theory. In addition this result apparently indicates the presence of selective pressure against changes between synonymous codons in functional genes. Close examinations of codon utilization patterns in pseudogenes and functional genes revealed a significant correlation between the rate of changes at synonymous codon sites and the strength of bias in code word usage. This implies that even synonymous codon changes are not completely free from selective pressure but are constrained in part, although presumably weakly, depending on the degree of bias in code word usage. We also reexamined alignment between mouse beta h3 (pseudogene) and beta maj sequences and found a unique structure of the beta h3 that is homologous in sequence to the beta maj gene overall but contains a long deletion (about 150 base pairs) in the middle of the gene. PMID- 6795636 TI - Nucleotide sequence of constant and 3' untranslated regions of a kappa immunoglobulin light chain mRNA of a homozygous b4 rabbit. AB - A homozygous a2/a2 and b4/b4 rabbit has been hyperimmunized with Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Poly(A)-containing RNA has been isolated from the spleen and translated in vitro, and translation products have been analyzed by NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Double-stranded cDNA has been synthesized from poly(A)-containing RNA template and inserted in the Pst I endonuclease site of plasmid pBR322 by using the oligo(dC).oligo(dG) tailing procedure. Tetracycline-resistant ampicillin-sensitive clones containing cDNA complementary to a kappa light chain mRNA have been selected by differential screening and their ability to hybridize to a spleen mRNA having the same size as a mouse kappa light chain mRNA. Two clones, pRk-15 and pRk-32, have been selected to determine the nucleotide sequence of the constant and 3' untranslated regions of kappa light chain mRNA, by the Maxam and Gilbert partial degradation method. Comparison of homologous regions of mouse kappa chain mRNA and b4 rabbit kappa chain mRNA reveals 61% homology in the constant region and 59% homology in the 3' untranslated region. PMID- 6795635 TI - Long-term culture of normal mouse B lymphocytes. AB - A procedure is described for the preparation of long-term lines of normal mouse B lymphocytes. Surface immunoglobulin-bearing splenic B lymphocytes were purified with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and then cultured with lipopolysaccharide for 1-4 wk. The cells were then transferred into medium supplemented with a T-hybridoma-derived supernatant containing interleukin 2 (IL2). Continuous feeding with this supernatant led to the establishment of cell lines that also could be propagated to IL 2-free medium containing interleukin 1 but not in culture medium alone. Cell lines have been propagated in this manner for as long as 10 mo. The cells in these lines have the appearance for small, dense lymphocytes, which all bear surface IgM detectable by immunofluorescence, rosetting, and surface radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation. The cells express Ia and lack Thy 1. These cultured B lymphocytes are unresponsive to lipopolysaccharide but can be activated to become more rapidly dividing, immunoglobulin-secreting cells by exposure to culture supernatants containing both T-cell-replacing factor and IL 2. PMID- 6795637 TI - Restricted reassociation of heavy and light chains from hapten-specific monoclonal antibodies. AB - Six murine monoclonal antifluorescyl antibody clones encompassing a defined range of affinities and containing kappa light chains with IgG1 or IgG2 heavy chains were examined. As the fluorescence of the ligand is quenched greater than 90% when fluorescein is bound by antifluorescyl antibodies, fluorescence quenching was assayed to monitor polypeptide reconstitution and active site formation on mixing of resolved heavy (H) and light (L) chains. Of 36 possible experimental combinations of H- and L-chain reaction mixtures, only homologous H and L chains (derived from the same parental immunoglobulin molecule) bound fluorescein. Results from fluorescence polarization studies, conducted independently of fluorescence quenching, confirmed the findings. Competitive inhibition and molecular sieve experiments showed that, despite preferential association of homologous H and L chains, several heterologous H and L chains associated to form intact 7S molecules, although no active site was constituted. Thus, polypeptide recombination and formation of functional antigen binding sites are two processes that immunocytes must regulate during cell differentiation and generation of diversity. A mechanism and underlying the observed preferential reassociation of specific H and L chains and a means of generating affinity maturation, as exhibited by the antifluorescein system, is proposed. PMID- 6795640 TI - 15N end-product methods for the study of whole body protein turnover. PMID- 6795638 TI - Plasmacytomas with more than one immunoglobulin kappa mRNA: implications for allelic exclusion. AB - Although only one allele of an immunoglobulin gene is thought to be expressed as a polypeptide by a given lymphocyte ("allelic exclusion"), three murine plasmacytomas were found to contain more than one kappa light chain mRNA species, as evidenced by the sequences of distinct kappa cDNA clones. Two different kappa cDNA sequences were cloned from BFPC 61 microsomal mRNA, two from MOPC 173, and three from S107. One cDNA sequence from each tumor matches the known secreted polypeptide, while the variant sequences differ in the variable (V) region. Hence fusion of a V kappa gene to a joining (J kappa) gene has occurred independently on separate homologous chromosomes and each allele is transcriptionally competent. The BFPC 61 variant sequence contained a normal V kappa sequence linked out of phase to J kappa 2; hence allelic exclusion in this line is accounted for by an error in DNA rearrangement. One S107 variant cDNA has an untranslatable sequence linked to J kappa--C kappa and may derive from a non-V kappa or pseudo-V kappa gene fused to J kappa. Another S107 variant cDNA, however, has a proper V kappa linked in phase to J kappa (albeit missing the first two germ-line J kappa codons) and the MOPC 173 variant sequence also contains a proper V kappa--J kappa join, although it does not encode a tryptophan residue common to all immunoglobulin chains. The presence of two potentially expressible kappa mRNAs in both S107 and MOPC 173 suggests that allelic exclusion does not hold in all lymphocytes, or that it sometimes reflects events subsequent to mRNA production, such as inability of certain kappa chains to assemble properly with the heavy chain. These observations are compatible with a stochastic model for allelic exclusion in which productive and nonproductive V--J recombination events occur at a certain frequency for each allele. PMID- 6795639 TI - In vitro assembly of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29. AB - In vitro assembly of the Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 29 that approaches the efficiency of assembly in vivo has been demonstrated. Proheads, DNA, and gene 16 product (gp16) were essential for DNA encapsidation, and the average yield in extracts was 180 phage per prohead donor cell. The in vitro maturation was very similar to in vivo assembly in terms of yield, intermediates, and abortive structures. More that 30% of the proheads in the extract were converted to phage, and about 20% of DNA--protein extracted from phage could be repackaged. In vitro assembly was blocked by the addition of DNase I, EDTA, pyrophosphatase, or the ATP analogues adenosine 5'-[alpha, beta-methylene]triphosphate and adenosine 5' [beta, gamma-methylene]triphosphate. Less than 1% of the proheads isolated in sucrose gradients can accept DNA--protein in packaging in vitro. PMID- 6795642 TI - Nutritional status in Central America and Panama. PMID- 6795641 TI - Plasticity of synaptic size with constancy of total synaptic contact area on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. AB - Reduction of Purkinje cell afferents during development or after maturation resulted in a large change in the size of synaptic contacts on dendritic spines. Ultrastructural studies revealed enlarged Purkinje cell spines and elongation of the synapses with parallel fibers in three models of parallel fiber reduction: 1) developmental malnutrition, 2) developmental virus-induced granule cell reduction, and 3) parallel fiber sectioning in the adult. In developmental malnutrition, five groups of animals having different numbers of parallel fiber afferents to Purkinje cells, but the same total number of these cells, were quantitatively compared. As the number of synaptic junctions on Purkinje cells decreased, average area of synaptic contact increased. From this determination, it was further established that the total contact area on each Purkinje cell remained constant for groups of animals having different levels of afferent reduction. This inverse relationship was the result of Purkinje cells having a constant total synaptic contact area for parallel fibers. These studies show that the total postsynaptic area for each Purkinje cell is intrinsically determined and that synapses with the remaining parallel fibers change their size in a plastic response to interactions between pre- and postsynaptic elements. PMID- 6795643 TI - Cellular immune changes in undernourished children. PMID- 6795644 TI - The effects of hyperalimentation on immune function and tumor growth. PMID- 6795645 TI - Obstacles to success in nutrition intervention programs. Inappropriate priorities. PMID- 6795646 TI - Zinc and copper in human nutrition. PMID- 6795647 TI - The analysis of spontaneous abortion using a new half-sib model for qualitative traits. PMID- 6795649 TI - Tryptophan protection of phage from ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 6795648 TI - The History of the Florentine sextuplets: obstetric and genetic considerations. PMID- 6795651 TI - [Chronic patients]. PMID- 6795650 TI - Effects of histamine and antihistamines on the kinetics of carbon dioxide in the rat. AB - We have investigated the effects of chlorpheniramine (an H1 histamine inhibitor) and metiamide (an H2 inhibitor) on response to 14C pulse-labeling of carbon dioxide in the rat in the presence and absence of histamine. Neither chlorpheniramine nor metiamide alone had any effect upon the gastric venous/arterial ratio (VG/A) or the peripheral venous/arterial ratio (Vp/A). As in the case with no drug present, Vp/A rose with time following pulse-labeling to a value of 1.15-1.20. The presence of a preexisting steady-state infusion of histamine caused no changes in the ratios in the presence or absence of the inhibitors. The inhibitors did completely abolish the oscillations of both VG/A and Vp/A caused by initiation of histamine infusion coincident with the pulse labeling. The results suggest that the histamine effects are largely mediated through H1 receptors. PMID- 6795652 TI - Effect of propranolol on arachidonic acid metabolism by cells in culture. PMID- 6795653 TI - In vitro platelet utilization of (1-14C) arachidonic acid in normal humans of different age and sex and in acute myocardial infarction patients: a comparative study for possible diagnostic purposes. PMID- 6795654 TI - Psychostimulant self-administration by beagle dogs in a progressive-ratio paradigm. AB - The relative reinforcing efficacy of cocaine, amphetamine, mazindol, and fenfluramine was quantified using a progressive-ratio paradigm. Catheterized beagle dogs (N = 6) were given access to response-contingent drug infusions during three 1-h trials each day. According to a predetermined schedule, the response requirement to obtain one infusion trial was increased daily until the dogs failed to complete the necessary fixed-ratio (FR); i.e., until they reached a "break-point" in their ratio behavior. Fenfluramine (in doses ranging from 0.0625-4.0 mg/kg/infusion) did not maintain self-administration behavior at or above the minimum requirement (FR 30). In contrast, all doses of cocaine (0.2-1.6 mg/kg/infusion), d-amphetamine (0.035-0.28 mg/kg/infusion), and mazindol (0.0225 0.18 mg/kg/infusion) sustained responding at large FR values. The highest FR values were maintained by cocaine, followed by d-amphetamine, then mazindol. Generally the dogs completed higher FRs for higher doses of a drug. PMID- 6795655 TI - Limbitrol (amitriptyline plus chlordiazepoxide) revisited. AB - A reanalysis of 4-week data from a recently published study (Feighner et al. 1979) clearly demonstrate that in a significant subgroup of highly depressed patients who also suffer from at least moderate anxiety, significant treatment differences in favor of Limbitrol over AT were present not only after 1 or 2 weeks, but also after 4 weeks of treatment. These differences were not present in the less sick patients, a population in which AT was slightly favored. These findings suggest that not only is Limbitrol more effective than AT alone for a heterogeneous group of depressed patients with some concomitant anxiety during the early phases of treatment, but remains more effective that AT for a significant subgroup of highly depressed patients after 4 weeks of treatment. PMID- 6795657 TI - Effects of methamphetamine on novelty-seeking behaviour by mice. AB - The effects of several doses from 0.125-3 mg/kg of methamphetamine on the novelty seeking behaviour of male Swiss albino mice were studied. Methamphetamine induced a dose-dependent inhibition of novelty preference. Furthermore, a dose of methamphetamine (1 mg/kg) which strongly decreased novelty preference in naive mice induced a significantly lower decrease in exploration of subjects previously exposed to novelty. These data provide some support for Berlyne's (1967) suggestion that amphetamine has a disruptive effect on exploration by producing over-arousal. PMID- 6795656 TI - Toward a biochemical classification of depressive disorders. III: Pretreatment urinary MHPG levels as predictors of response to treatment with maprotiline. AB - Pretreatment urinary MHPG levels were examined in 28 depressed patients as a possible predictor of response to treatment with maprotiline, a tetracyclic antidepressant that exerts potent effects on norepinephrine uptake, but has little effect on serotonin uptake. Maprotiline was administered in doses up to 150 mg/day during the first 2 weeks after which time the dose could be increased incrementally up to 300 mg/day if indicated clinically. At 2 weeks, patients with low pretreatment urinary MHPG levels responded more favorably to treatment than did patients with high MHPG levels. At 4 weeks, patients with low MHPG levels continued to show more favorable responses; however, differences between the two groups were less clear-cut than at 2 weeks. The findings suggest the patients with low pretreatment urinary MHPG levels are more sensitive to, and respond more rapidly to, treatment with maprotiline than patients with high pretreatment urinary MHPG levels. PMID- 6795658 TI - Phencyclidine-induced stereotype in rats: effects of methadone, apomorphine, and naloxone. AB - Phencyclidine (PCP) given to male Wistar rats produced hyperactivity and various stereotypic motor behaviors. Methadone, apomorphine, and naloxone were tested for their effects on PCP-induced stereotypy. Methadone (0.5 mg/kg) had no effect on the hyperactivity produced by PCP, but significantly attenuated PCP-induced stereotypy when given both before and after PCP. Low doses of apomorphine were equally effective as methadone in attenuating PCP-induced stereotypy. However, when naloxone was given after methadone or apomorphine to PCP-treated rats, the full PCP-induced stereotypy was again observed. Naloxone pretreatment on doses up to 20 mg/kg was not effective in antagonizing PCP-induced behavioral effects. Methadone and apomorphine antagonism of PCP-induced stereotypy may be mediated by opiate receptors. The results of this study and observations from human studies collectively suggest the possible effectiveness of opiates in treating PCP induced and functional psychoses. PMID- 6795659 TI - Morphine-induced anorexia in lateral hypothalamic rats. AB - The anorexic effect of morphine in rats with lateral hypothalamic lesions was examined. Morphine (15 mg/kg) produced an anorectic effect which was greater in lesioned rats than in controls. However, in lesioned rats, morphine anorexia was completely reversed by naloxone (2 mg/kg), while in controls there was mild anorexia. Repeated morphine injections caused decreasing anorectic effects, an effect which developed more rapidly in control than in lesioned subjects. The effects of morphine on food intake in lesioned rats were similar to the effects of fenfluramine, rather than amphetamine, suggesting involvement of serotonergic, rather than catecholaminergic mediation of morphine anorexia. PMID- 6795660 TI - Antagonism of oxotremorine-induced behavioral suppression by antimuscarinic drugs. AB - The effects of benztropine, scopolamine, atropine, methylatropine, amitriptyline, phencyclidine, and meperidine were determined alone and in conjunction with a behaviorally suppressing dose (0.05 mg/kg IM) of oxotremorine in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 5-min schedule of grain presentation. Benztropine, scopolamine, atropine, and amitriptyline antagonized the behavioral suppressing effects of oxotremorine at doses that alone decreased responding. In contrast, methylatropine, phencyclidine, and meperidine did not antagonize the effects of oxotremorine. These results suggest that benztropine, scopolamine, atropine, and amitripytline decrease responding due to an action at central muscarinic receptors, whereas the behavioral effects of methylatropine, phencyclidine, and meperidine are due to actions other than at central muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6795663 TI - Alcohol induced discoordination is not reversed by naloxone. AB - It has previously been reported that prior administration of naloxone may prevent the decrement in performance produced by alcohol. To be clinical value, however, naloxone must be shown to reverse rather than prevent this decrement. This study examined the effect of naloxone given after consumption of alcohol. A double blind balanced crossover protocol was used to examine the effect of either 1.2 mg or 10 mg naloxone on the sensory-motor impairment produced by blood alcohol concentrations maintained between 75 and 85 mg/100 ml. This alcohol concentration significantly impaired two measures of sensory-motor performance, but there was no evidence that either dose of naloxone could reverse this decrement. We tested our subjects for a chlorpropamide alcohol flush but none gave a positive response. These results indicate that naloxone (1.2 mg or 10 mg) does not reverse the sensory-motor impairment produced by alcohol intoxication in subjects who do not exhibit a chlorpropamide alcohol flush. Nearly all the subjects exhibited somnolence after receiving alcohol and naloxone (1.2 mg or 10 mg) but not after receiving alcohol and saline. PMID- 6795662 TI - Behavioural changes during withdrawal from desmethylimipramine (DMI). II. Increased resistance to extinction. AB - Rats withdrawn from chronic treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine (DMI) showed increased resistance to extinction in a runway and in continuously reinforced lever pressing. Changes were not seen in animals maintained on DMI. In acquisition, in the runway, there were no significant differences between groups; in the Skinner box, animals maintained on DMI performed worse than controls, but withdrawn animals recovered to control levels of performance. It is suggested that the effect on extinction may be mediated by a decrease in the efficacy of the dorsal noradrenaline bundle, which develops during chronic DMI treatment, but is masked by the presence of DMI. The implications of the conclusion for the " revised catecholamine hypothesis of depression" are discussed. PMID- 6795661 TI - Behavioural changes during withdrawal from desmethylimipramine (DMI). I. Interactions with amphetamine. AB - Amphetamine anorexia in rats was potentiated by acute pretreatment with the tricyclic antidepressant desmethylimipramine (DMI), but was not significantly different from controls following chronic DMI pretreatment. During withdrawal from DMI, amphetamine anorexia was attenuated after 2 weeks or 2 months pretreatment, but not after 1 week of treatment. The locomotor stimulant and stereotypy inducing effects of amphetamine were slightly enhanced during withdrawal from chronic DMI. The results are discussed in relation to known neurochemical actions of DMI. PMID- 6795665 TI - Effects of prenatal amphetamine exposure on the development of behavior in rats. AB - Female rats, maintained on 20 ml water per day, were treated with either 0, 2 or 5 mg/kg/day d-amphetamine sulfate mixed with their drinking water. Treatment was started 30 days prior to mating and continued to parturition of litters. Differences in weight gain during pregnancy were noted for the drug treated mothers, with the differences disappearing after drug treatment was stopped. Turnover latencies at 1 and 3 days of age, eye opening, and vaginal opening were delayed in the offspring of drug treated females. Drugged animals were slower than controls in a behavioral test of bridge crossing at 14 days postpartum. No differences in open field activity were noted. PMID- 6795664 TI - Gestational caffeine modifies offspring behaviour in mice. AB - Dams from two strains of mice, BALB/c C57BR were tested during gestation with caffeine, at doses of about 60, 80 and 100 mg/kg/day, in their drinking water. The resulting offspring were behaviourally tested over a 6-month period commencing at age 9 months. When compared with controls, mice from dams that had received caffeine demonstrated longer latencies in a passive avoidance test, and differences were also noted for female C57BR offspring in activity and habituation measures. Having controlled as far as possible for post-natal maternal and environmental effects, the most likely conclusion is that caffeine has a direct pharmacological action on the foetus, and should therefore be classed as a behavioural teratogen in mice. PMID- 6795666 TI - The ontogeny of aggregation-enhanced toxicity. PMID- 6795667 TI - SKF-525A on schedule-controlled responding: not antagonized by naloxone. PMID- 6795668 TI - Conditioned temperature effects using amphetamine as the unconditioned stimulus. AB - Three groups of male Wistar rats received daily IP injections of either 1, 2 or 5 mg/kg amphetamine at 11:15 h; a fourth group received saline injections throughout. Rectal temperature was measured in the home cage, in a pre-injection environment in which animals were placed for a period of time before the daily injection, and in an injection environment in which animals remained following the injection. Conditioned hyperthermia, a response that mimicked the unconditioned effect of amphetamine, was elicited by cues of the injection environment both during conditioning and after the drug-free period. During conditioning, hypothermia occurred at 10:30 h regardless of where the animals were, but could not be elicited at other times of day. The results with amphetamine parallel those found previously with morphine (Eikelboom and Stewart 1979, 1981). PMID- 6795669 TI - The influence of large doses of vitamin C on psychological functioning. PMID- 6795670 TI - [Intensification of DNA radiation injuries by quinoid products]. PMID- 6795671 TI - [Experimental basis for the use of isothiuronium derivatives as radioprotective compounds]. PMID- 6795672 TI - [Program packet for ES 1040 for the automatic drawing of isodose courses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795673 TI - [Displacements and complications of superior vena cava catheter (author's transl)]. AB - During a 16-months prospective study the frequency of displacements and complications of superior vena catheter has been investigated. The study showed, that the right jugular catheter has the lowest frequency of complications, and should be of primary choice. Pneumothoraces are rare with jugular vena catheters (0,05%), more frequently with subclavian catheters. Setting of superior vena catheter displacement in large veins is quite common. More important are catheter displacements in small veins, which are more frequent with jugular than with subclavian vena catheter (vena thoracica interna, vena pericardiacophrenica). Adequate X-ray control (high KV technic, sufficient amount of contrast medium) is necessary to recognize these complications. Correction of displaced catheter should be done under fluoroscopy. Serious complications s.e. tension pneumothorax and haematothorax are rare and should be treated surgically. In some cases no recognized extravasal catheterposition is followed by infusions into the pleural cavity or the mediastinum. PMID- 6795674 TI - Choice of beam energy for mantle-field radiotherapy of malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6795675 TI - An improved technique for feeding tube placement. PMID- 6795676 TI - Local and regional regulation of coronary vascular tone. PMID- 6795677 TI - The local regulation of cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6795678 TI - Clinical problem solving and laboratory investigation: contributions to laboratory medicine. PMID- 6795679 TI - Ferritin. PMID- 6795680 TI - [Biogenic amines and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795681 TI - [Biogenic amines and endocrine diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795682 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolites and the gastro-intestinal toxicity of anti inflammatory agents. AB - The relationship between gastro-intestinal damage and the inhibition of cyclo oxygenase by non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs is discussed. In anti inflammatory doses, aspirin and the newer substitutes, indomethacin, ketoprofen, naproxen and flurbiprofen, which reduce prostaglandin levels in inflammatory exudates likewise inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity in the gastric mucosa. These compounds all induce gastric damage. In contrast, sodium salicylate and a novel compound BW755C inhibit prostaglandin production in the inflammatory exudate, yet fail to inhibit gastric cyclo-oxygenase in the mucosa and do not form gastric erosions. Studies on the duration of cyclo-oxygenase inhibition with indomethacin indicate a close correlation between the rate of healing of gastric erosions and the recovery of cyclo-oxygenase activity in the gastric mucosa. No such relationship is seen in the small-intestine. The hydroperoxy metabolites of arachidonic acid, formed by the lipoxygenase enzymes, have vasodilator actions in the gastric circulation and the possible roles of lipoxygenase products in the gastric mucosa and their relationship to gastro-intestinal damage are discussed. PMID- 6795683 TI - The cytoprotective effects of (+/-)-15-deoxy-16-alpha, beta-hydroxy-16-methyl PGE1 methyl ester (sc-29333) versus aspirin-shock gastric ulcerogenesis in the dog. AB - SC-29333 (SC) has been reported to protect the gastric mucosa from the effects of topical aspirin. We compared SC and 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 (16-dm) in 20 chambered canine stomachs (6 controls and 7 of each PG). Prostaglandin was added to an acid solution (100 mM HCl; 54 mM NaCl) at 0, .001, .01, 0.1, and 1.0 microgram/ml (two periods each). Then aspirin (20 mM) and PG (1.0 microgram/ml) (two periods) were followed by hemorrhagic shock (near 60 mm Hg mean arterial pressure). 16-dm caused a significant efflux of fluid (-6.5 +/- 5.3 to 17.3 +/- 6.7 microliters/min), Na+ (2.1 +/- 0.5 to 6.8 +/- 1.6 muEq/min), and Cl- (-0.9 +/- 2.4 to 5.3 +/- 1.3 muEq/min), but did not affect K+ or H+. 16-dm also caused a slight drop in potential difference (PD) (67.6 +/- 1.7 to 60.3 +/- 2.0 mV). 16-dm did not significantly affect total blood flow. Percent lesion formation was more severe than controls (20.2 +/- 3.5 vs 11.6 +/- 1.7 percent) but not statistically significant. SC had no significant effect on fluid, H+, Na+, K+, or Cl-. It caused an increase in blood flow (6.85 +/- 1.46 to 26.20 +/- 2.74 ml/min, p less than .001). SC significantly reduced percent lesion formation (1.9 +/- 0.9% p less than .001). We conclude: 1) SC causes an increase in mucosal blood flow and protects from aspirin-shock ulcerogenesis. 2) 16-dm stimulates an efflux of non parietal extracellular fluid and fails to protect against aspirin injury during mucosal ischemia. 3) SC cytoprotection may be mediated by increased mucosal blood flow. 4) The mechanism of cytoprotection with 16-dm may require sufficient mucosal blood flow for filtration of non-acid fluid from blood to gastric lumen. PMID- 6795684 TI - Preparation of deuterated arachidonic acid. PMID- 6795685 TI - Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and prostaglandin E2 on macrophage activation in vitro. AB - The effect of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin and diclofenac, and of PGE2 on either resting or stimulated macrophages was investigated. Peritoneal macrophages were obtained from untreated mice and cultured for 10 days. Macrophage activation was induced by zymosan phagocytosis and was monitored by testing for plasminogen activator secretion and the cellular levels of lactate dehydrogenase, beta-glucuronidase and alkaline phosphodiesterase I. It was found that cyclooxygenase inhibitors activate resting macrophages and enhance the degree of activation obtained after zymosan phagocytosis. Addition of exogenous PGE2, on the other hand, had the opposite effect, it suppressed activation induced either by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, phagocytosis or a combination of both. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and PGE2 did not affect the hexose monophosphate shunt activity of resting macrophages and had only a minor effect on the respiratory burst occurring during zymosan phagocytosis. It appears, therefore, that the observed changes in the state of activation of the macrophages are not related to hexose monophosphate shunt activity. The described effects suggest that PGE2 and possibly other cyclooxygenase products may function as inhibitory feed-back regulators of macrophage activation. PMID- 6795686 TI - The effects of arachidonic and other fatty acids on canine neutrophil metabolism. AB - The effect of arachidonic acid on the metabolic activity and chemiluminescence of canine neutrophils was investigated to gain further insight into its role in the neutrophil metabolic burst. Arachidonic acid was found to stimulate metabolic activity and luminol-augmented chemiluminescence. The increased metabolic activity was detected by both oxygen uptake measurements and assays of hexose monophosphate shunt activity. An inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid prevented the hexose monophosphate shunt response to arachidonic acid. Aspirin or indomethacin, blockers of cyclooxygenase, inhibited chemiluminescence but failed to block the metabolic response to arachidonic acid. Since superoxide dismutase and 2-deoxyglucose, a blocker of glucose metabolism, inhibited the chemiluminescent response of neutrophils to arachidonic acid, it is likely that oxygen radicals produced via the hexose monophosphate shunt are required for the chemiluminescent reaction. In addition it was found that inhibition of cyclooxygenase activity blocked chemiluminescence but not the metabolic stimulation induced by sodium fluoride, suggesting that the chemiluminescence stimulated by sodium fluoride is associated with endogenous fatty acid stores. From these studies it can be concluded that arachidonic acid products of the cyclooxygenase pathway do not play a significant role in the metabolic response of neutrophils when arachidonic acid or sodium fluoride is the stimulant while the lipoxygenase pathway appears to be involved. The metabolic response is not linked to the chemical reaction that caused neutrophil chemiluminescence, although the chemiluminescent response depends on hexose monophosphate shunt activity and presumably the oxygen radicals that ultimately result from that process. PMID- 6795687 TI - Prostacyclin production by arterialized autogenous venous grafts in dogs. AB - Arteries are capable of producing significantly larger quantities of prostacyclin than are veins. To test the hypothesis, whether prostacyclin production by the vessel wall is related to blood pressure and flow, we measured the amounts of PGI2 released and synthesized by venous segments transplanted for 6 weeks into the arterial circulation. These results were compared with the production of prostacyclin by normal veins and arteries. In 20 dogs a segment of jugular vein was interposed into the carotid system; a sham dissection was done on the opposite side. "Arterialized" vein grafts showed prominent intima lined by endothelium, medial smooth muscle cell proliferation and fibrotic proliferation in adventitia. Spontaneous and arachidonic acid-stimulated prostacyclin production (measured by radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-PGF1 alpha) was not significantly different between arterialized venous autografts and jugular veins. Significantly larger amounts of prostacyclin were synthesized by the carotid artery. Thus, histologic changes and rheologic effects occurring in vein grafts transposed to the arterial site do not affect prostacyclin production. PMID- 6795688 TI - [Studies on the causes and methods of prevention of "nonspecific" immunofluorescence of Treponema pallidum]. PMID- 6795689 TI - [2 cases of gonorrhea caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 6795691 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) analogues show enhanced CNS selectivity because of increased biological stability. AB - TRH exerts both endocrinological and neuropharmacological actions. Two analogues of TRH, Pyr-His-Mep . NH2 (L-trans-3-methylprolineamide) and Pyr-His-Dmp . NH2 (L 3,3-dimethylprolineamide) have been examined for their neuropharmacological and endocrinological effects. Comparisons of their ability to provoke hyperthermia in rabbits demonstrated that both analogues were more potent than TRH, but like the parent peptide had only a limited ability to cross the blood brain barrier. This conclusion was confirmed by whole body autoradiographical studies. In contrast both analogues had a similar potency to TRH with respect to the ability to provoke TSH release. It is concluded that the increased potency in neuropharmacological tests results from enhanced bioavailability to CNS sites and that a similar rationale can be used to explain the CNS selectively claimed in the literature for other analogues of TRH. PMID- 6795690 TI - Molecular cloning capabilities of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6795692 TI - [Evaluation and decision making. The economist's point of view (author's transl)]. AB - This brief review summarizes six fundamental points concerning the practical application of evaluation results by decision makers. 1. Areas of agreement and disagreement between the viewpoints of doctors and economists; the necessity and the possibility of reconciling them by a systematic but flexible approach. 2. Basic factors which oblige us to seek this reconciliation between clinical responsibility to the patient and economic responsibility to society. 3. The concept of economic efficiency and the three types of economic analysis for achieving, it which are the most closely linked to epidemiology. 4. Some evidence of the lack of economic efficiency in the health services, and the slowness of improvements. 5. Five types of difficulties in the use of evaluation results by decision makers. 6. Some pragmatic propositions to improve the situation. PMID- 6795693 TI - [Possible late-onset secondary generalized epilepsy. contribution of computed tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Generalized tonic-clonic epileptic seizures appearing in elderly subjects have been recognized for a long time. The E.E.G. was able to distinguish two types: primary generalized epilepsy, and a secondary type of late onset which can be definitely separated from the group of partial epilepsies with generalized secondary fits by means of scanography. In fact, 60% of generalized attacks in the elderly are due to cerebral involution only. The authors suggest, therefore, that the group of secondary generalized epilepsies be enlarged to include this variety of late-onset generalized epilepsy, which appears to be related to the existence of diffuse cerebral lesions as shown by the cerebral atrophy demonstrated by the use of C.T. scan. PMID- 6795694 TI - [Electroencephalographic studies in phacomatosis (author's transl)]. AB - Reports on studies devoted entirely to the results of electroencephalographic recordings in phacomatosis are not available, and the authors review the large number of cases found throughout the published literature. Based on the information obtained and the results of their personal experience, they summarize the clinical findings, characteristic anomalies, and E.E.G. changes in tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, Sturge-Weber and von Hippel-Lindau diseases, and ataxia telangiectasia. Electroencephalographic studies can contribute to the diagnosis and follow-up of these affections. PMID- 6795695 TI - [Severe vigilance disturbances: a rare complication of sodium valproate treatment (author's transl)]. AB - Severe vigilance disturbances are rarely observed during sodium valproate treatment. Two such cases are reported, with rapid appearance of mental confusion after starting treatment, associated with an overall slowing of the E.E.G. the plasma levels of the different anti-epileptic agents were normal or only slightly raised and could not have caused the phenomenon. Clinical and electrical signs regressed as rapidly after stopping valproate administration as they had appeared after starting treatment. PMID- 6795696 TI - [Study of 4 cases of post-partum petit mal status (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795697 TI - [Genital and sexual manifestations occurring in the course of partial seizures in man (author's transl)]. AB - The literature only rarely mention the genital and sexual manifestations occurring in the course of partial seizures in man. The authors presently describe 42 seizures of this type recorded with E.E.G. and Stereo-E.E.G. techniques in 15 patients. The results of this study indicate that the genital and sexual paroxystic manifestations do have a specific semeiology, and there can be related to the initial localization of the electrical discharge which may begin in one of three different regions (perisylvian region, anterior part of the cingular gyrus and the paracentral lobule). Penile erection is observed in only one seizure starting in the central region. Orgasm occurs in the only one female patient in the course of the seizures beginning in the perisylvian region (temporal region). Early sensitive symptomatology characterizes very often the seizures beginning in the perisylvian region but also in the paracentral lobule. Post-ictal or peri-ictal true masturbation occurs at the end of the ictal discharge beginning either in the perisylvian region or in the anterior part of the cingular gyrus. The sexual dyspraxic (i.e. fondling the genitals) characterizes only the post-ictal phase of the seizures beginning in any of the three regions. PMID- 6795698 TI - Effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy (cytosine arabinoside, mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil) or immunotherapy (neuraminidase-modified allogeneic cells) in the prevention of recurrence of Duke's B and C colon cancer. PMID- 6795699 TI - Methyl-CCNU and ftorafur in treatment of rectosigmoidal tumors and ftorafur capsules in treatment of colorectal tumors. PMID- 6795700 TI - High-dose therapy with ftorafur in gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 6795701 TI - Comparison of ftorafur with 5-fluorouracil in combination chemotherapy of advanced gastrointestinal carcinoma. AB - The aim of the study was to compare the combination 5-FU-carmustine with ftorafur carmustine in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. To this end, a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial was initiated. Part I of this trial showed that similar response rates can be obtained with 5-FU-carmustine and ftorafur-carmustine in 109 patients (32.7% versus 26.3%). However, median survival was better in patients treated with 5-FU-carmustine (307 days versus 163 days). Part II of the trial revealed that neither a higher dosage of ftorafur (2 g/m2/day X 5 days) nor the addition of vincristine to both regimens changed the previously obtained results significantly. Again, median survival was found to be better in patients treated with 5-FU combination chemotherapy (304 days versus 144 days). Both the 5-FU and the ftorafur combination were tolerated reasonably well. The results suggest that combination chemotherapy including 5-FU is superior to ftorafur at the applied dosages in terms of survival. PMID- 6795702 TI - Efficacy of dacarbazine imidazole carboxamide and mitomycin C combination therapy in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon refractory to 5-fluorouracil therapy. PMID- 6795703 TI - Inhibition of increased synthesis of glomerular basement membrane collagen in diabetic rats in vivo. AB - Diabetic rats were treated intraperitoneally for 2 week with(+)-catechin in two different dosages or calcium dobesilate and the influence of these substances on protein and basement membrane collagen synthesis was investigated. Both drugs did not alter the diabetic metabolic situation. At the lower dose, (+)-catechin led to a slight decreased and at the higher dose to a small increase of basement membrane collagen synthesis. But compared to untreated controls these differences were statistically not significant. Calcium dobesilate inhibited markedly the raised basement membrane collagen synthesis. However, this effect does not appear to be specific, since the raised general protein synthesis was also reduced. These findings show that the disturbed basement membrane metabolism in diabetes can be influenced without altering the metabolic situation. PMID- 6795704 TI - Chemical characterization and functional role of human glomerular basement membrane components. AB - Subfractions of human glomerular basement membrane isolated by enzymatic procedures were analyzed for their chemical structure and biological activity. Pepsin or collagenase digestion of purified basement membranes released three groups of components: collagenous and noncollagenous fractions and also a mixed material consisting of a proteolysis-resistant association between collagen sequences and heteropolysaccharidic glycopeptides. These different fractions were explored in vitro for their ability to interact with cell membranes. In fact, only fractions containing the heterogenous material agglutinated human transformed or embryonic cells within 2 h. The cell agglutination was specifically inhibited by N-acetylosamines and N-acetylneuraminic acid. An additional incubation of 20 h at 37 degrees C of the agglutinated cells, maintained in a minimal medium devoid of serum, led to a morphological change of the transformed cells due to an increased cell adhesion and cell spreading. These experimental data suggest that the basement membrane possesses active sites - consisting of an association between collagen and structural glycoproteins - which could play a primordial role in cell matrix interactions. PMID- 6795705 TI - Comparison of o-octopamine and related phenylethanolamines as substrates for norepinephrine N-methyltransferase. AB - o-Octopamine was a substrate for rabbit adrenal norepinephrine N methyltransferase with lower affinity than the position isomers m-octopamine and p-octopamine. The order of substrate affinity for monochloro or monohydroxy phenylethanolamines was para greater than meta greater than ortho. With phenylethanolamine and ring-hydroxylated phenylethanolamines, primary amines were better substrates than were N-methyl secondary amines. N-Methylation might be a metabolic pathway for o-octopamine, reported to occur in mammalian tissues. PMID- 6795706 TI - Effect of TRH on pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion. AB - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) 20 and 30 micrograms . kg-1 i.v. exerted a moderate inhibition on pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretion in dogs provided with gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch. The effect was more evident in the main stomach than in the denervated pouch. The inhibitory action of the tripeptide was observed, though to a lesser extent, also in gastric fistula cats, whereas it was completely absent in the anaesthetized rat. Our results showing poor and erratic effects of TRH obtained only with rather high intravenous doses, paralleled those obtained by other authors on gastrointestinal motility and support the suggestion that, if there is a physiological role for TRH in the gastrointestinal tract this is more likely connected with paracrine rather than with endocrine effects of the peptide. PMID- 6795707 TI - Pulmonary changes during marathon training: a longitudinal study. AB - The purposes of this study were (1) to confirm whether there were any differences between observed and predicted scores based on age, height, and sex in forced vital capacity (FVC), 1-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1.0), FEV1.0/FVC ratio, functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC, FRC/TLC ratio, residual volume (RV), RV/TLC ratio, diffusing capacity of lungs for carbon monoxide (DCO), alveolar-capillary permeability (k'CO), and alveolar volume (VA) for 2 middle-aged non-smoking men who trained for and competed in three annual 26.2-mile marathon races and (2) to determine the magnitude and direction of changes in the observed scores for the three annual tests. The subjects trained from 45 to 70 miles/week for 52 weeks during the 3-year period. In the week after their annual marathon run they were measured in the above pulmonary variables. For the 3-year period of training subject A improved five pulmonary variables (TLC, FRC, FRC/TLC ratio, DCO, and k'CO) and had small decreases in function of the other six variables. Likewise, subject B improved three pulmonary variables (FRC, FRC/TLC ratio, and k'CO) and had small decreases in function of the other eight variables. It is not possible to draw statistical inferences to other populations from this data, but it does indicate that these subjects are in a state of good-to-great pulmonary health. Although random variations may account for some of the changes for these 2 subjects, it is possible that marathon training has inhibited some of the deterioration in pulmonary function as predicted from the regression with age by Kory. PMID- 6795708 TI - Anticholinergic versus beta 2-adrenergic therapy in allergic airways obstruction: double-blind trials on bronchodilator effect and antiallergic protection of oxitropium bromide and fenoterol. AB - Two double-blind studies were performed in allergic subjects with bronchial asthma to evaluate the bronchodilator effect and antiallergic protection of oxitropium bromide (OTB), a new antiallergic drug. Study 1, bronchodilator trial: 2 puffs of OTB or provocation tests in 12 subjects each. The bronchodilator effect of FEN was significantly better (between 0 and 30 min after drug administration). At the same time there was an improvement of PaO2 after FEN (before: 62.4 Torr; after: 70.1 Torr), but not after OTB. Study 2, antiallergic protection: OTB or FEN were administered 30 min before bronchial allergen provocation tests in 12 subjects each, complemented by open DSCG controls. All 3 drugs provided significant protection compared with nonmedicated control tests, but only inhibition of FEN was complete. In conclusion, beta 2-adrenergic drugs seem to be superior to anticholinergic drugs in allergic asthma, not only as bronchodilators, but also as prophylactic agents. PMID- 6795709 TI - Comparison of the orally administered anti-allergy agent, ketotifen with sodium cromoglycate in the prophylaxis of bronchial asthma. AB - Ketotifen at an oral dose of 1 mg twice daily was compared with sodium cromoglycate a dose of 20 mg four times daily by inhalation in a double-blind parallel group study lasting 12 weeks. Data relating to 60 patients were analyzed and showed that stabilised asthmatics continued to be stable during the 12-week treatment period on both drugs. There was a significant reduction within the ketotifen group in day and night scores at the end of the 12-week period and more patients on ketotifen had increased evening peak expiratory flow rate values compared with sodium cromoglycate. Ketotifen and sodium cromoglycate were equally well tolerated. PMID- 6795710 TI - Ventilatory response to carbon dioxide and apnoeic thresholds. AB - In 11 cats anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane, the steady state ventilation during hyperoxia was measured as a function of the central PaCO2 (PacCO2) and peripheral PaCO2 (PapCO2) using the technique of artificial ponto-medullary perfusion. The ventilatory response was described by VE = Sc . PacCO2 + Sp . PapCO2 - K where Sc and Sp represent the overall central and peripheral sensitivity to carbon dioxide. The post-hyperventilation apnoeic threshold values of PapCO2 for several fixed values of PacCO2 were also assessed. It was found that down to PaCCO2's and PapCO2's of about 3.5 kPa (26 mm Hg) the response surface for spontaneous ventilation could be used to satisfactorily predict the PapCO2 as a function of PacCO2 at apnoea. In 4 cats the ventilatory response to changes in central PCO2 was measured after carotid body denervation. These response curves were linear down to the PCO2-axis. We conclude that in anaesthetized cats during hyperoxia: (1) the above equation for the ventilation appears to be valid down to CO2 tensions of about 3.5 kPa (26 mm Hg); (2) the peripheral and central chemoreceptors exhibit neural activity down to at least 2.0 kPa (15 mm Hg); (3) in non-artificially perfused cats the CO2 response curve is linear down to ventilation zero; (4) the PaCO2 at apnoea (apnoeic 'threshold') in non-artificially perfused cats does not constitute a neural threshold for the peripheral or for the central chemoreceptors. Using these results a respiratory controller equation is proposed and some possible implications for the neural organization of the respiratory controller are discussed. PMID- 6795711 TI - Phrenic nerve afterdischarge after electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve in cats. AB - The phrenic nerve afterdischarge in cats after electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) at different levels of PETCO2, PETO2 and anaesthesia, both with vagi intact and cut, is fitted to a mono-exponential decay. It is concluded that the time constant of this decay is not influenced by blood gas values, anaesthesia and vagotomy. However, the magnitude of the afterdischarge tends to zero at higher levels of phrenic nerve activity, so the phenomenon disappears. The results are explained by restricted central phasic sensitivity and the consequences for respiration control are discussed. PMID- 6795712 TI - [Use of CO2 lasers in tubular microsurgery]. PMID- 6795713 TI - Increased prevalence of HLA-B27 in patients with ectopic ossification following traumatic spinal cord injury. AB - The histocompatibility antigen HLA-B27 was determined in 43 patients with post traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). The prevalence of B27 was significantly increased in the SCI patients with ectopic ossification. Five of 21 patients with ectopic bone had B27 compared to none of the 22 patients without ossification (P = 0.021). This finding indicates that HLA-B27 is a genetically determined risk factor for the development of heterotopic ossification following injury to the central nervous system. Future studies may determine that HLA-typing can identify a group of patients at a high risk of a disabling complication of SCI who should be treated prophylactically to prevent ectopic bone. PMID- 6795714 TI - The deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in the neutrophils of patients with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6795715 TI - Immunoglobulin expression in human lymphoblastoid cell lines with early B cell features. AB - Immunoglobulin expression was studied by direct immunofluorescence and by biosynthesis experiments in two human cell lines Raji and T 5.1. The basic phenotype of these cells was close to that of pre-B cells: large cells with intracytoplasmic IgM with a predominance of mu chains over light chains and no detectable surface immunoglobulins. The apparent molecular weight of heavy and light chains was abnormally large. Immunoglobulins were secreted at a low rate as pentameric IgM in the T 5.1 line and as subunits and free light chains in the Raji line. Spontaneous variations of this phenotype were observed: the cultured cells acquired mu and lambda chains, then additionally delta chains while they progressively lost detectable cytoplasmic mu chains, thus leading to a mature B cell phenotype. Subsequently, the cells had no detectable surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and then they displayed a pre-B cell phenotype again. Attempts to induce further maturation using various potential inducers were unsuccessful. PMID- 6795716 TI - Intestinal salivary, and tonsillar IgA and J-chain production in a patient with severe deficiency of serum IgA. AB - An 18-year-old man with tendency to respiratory infections had a serum IgA level of only 2% of normal whereas his salivary IgA amounted to 50% of the lower normal concentration range. Moreover, both the rectal and jejunal IgA-producing cell populations were of normal size. Nevertheless, a relative increase of salivary IgM and a distinctly raised number of IgM-producing cells in jejunal mucosa indicated an imbalance in his secretory immune system. This possibility was supported by the presence of an excess of J 3 chains in most of his intestinal IgA immunocytes, probably reflecting a reduced synthetic rate of IgA. The number of tonsillar IgA-producing cells was only slightly below the normal range; most of them lacked J chain, as normal, and could thus be a source of his serum IgA, which was mainly monomeric. A marked deficiency of IgA-producing cells in his bone marrow supported the notion that this tissue site normally is the major source of monomeric IgA. This study suggests that a generally defective IgA system may be topically activated owing to the persistent antigenic and mitogenic load on mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Our findings are not consistent with a general regulative compartmentalization of monomer- and dimer-producing IgA immunocyte populations. PMID- 6795717 TI - Fetal alcohol syndrome: embryogenesis in a mouse model. AB - When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Striking histological changes appeared in the developing brain (neuroectoderm) within 24 hours of exposure. Decreased development of the neural plate and its derivatives apparently accounts for the craniofacial malformations. The critical exposure period is equivalent to the third week in human pregnancy. PMID- 6795718 TI - Inhibition of purine nucleoside phosphorylase by 8-aminoguanosine: selective toxicity for T lymphoblasts. AB - The guanosine analog 8-aminoguanosine is an effective inhibitor of the purine degradative enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase, both in vitro and in intact lymphoid cells. In a human lymphoblast tissue culture system, 8-aminoguanosine, in combination with low concentrations of 2'-deoxyguanosine, causes toxicity toward T cells but not B cells. The selective T cell toxicity correlates with increased accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate in the treated T lymphoblasts. PMID- 6795719 TI - Scientist convicted for monkey neglect. PMID- 6795720 TI - Type III hyperlipoproteinemia associated with apolipoprotein E deficiency. AB - Subjects with type III hyperlipoproteinemia develop premature atherosclerosis and have hyperlipidemia due to an increase in cholesterol-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of abnormal electrophoretic mobility. Apolipoprotein E is a major protein constituent of VLDL and appears to be important for the hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. A new kindred of patients with type III hyperlipoproteinemia is described in which no plasma apolipoprotein E could be detected, consistent with the concept that type III hyperlipoproteinemia may be due to an absence or striking deficiency of apolipoprotein E. PMID- 6795721 TI - Reversible chemical modification of the scrapie agent. AB - The scrapie agent causes a degenerative nervous system disease in sheep and goats. Studies with extensively purified preparations demonstrated that the agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Chemical modification of the scrapie agent by diethyl pyrocarbonate reduced the titer 1000-fold. Exposure of the inactivated agent to hydroxylamine, a strong nucleophile, resulted in complete restoration of infectivity. Presumably, nucleophilic residues within a scrapie agent protein undergo carbethoxylation on reaction with diethyl pyrocarbonate, and subsequent addition of hydroxylamine displaces these carbethoxy groups. PMID- 6795722 TI - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis by endocrinologists versus nonendocrinologists: patterns in laboratory usage and length of stay. AB - We report a study contrasting the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in a teaching hospital by physicians trained in endocrinology as compared to those internists who have not been trained specifically in that specialty. Parameters studied included patterns of laboratory usage and length of hospital stay. The period of hospitalization was similar in the two groups: 5.17 days in the group treated by endocrinologists, as compared to 5.00 days for those treated by nonendocrinologists. However, the total number, as well as the average number per patient per hospital day, of laboratory tests and x-ray procedures was notably increased in the endocrinologists group as compared to the nonendocrinologist group: 52.99 to 45.28 and 10.25 to 9.06, respectively. PMID- 6795723 TI - Posttraumatic esophageal diverticulum. AB - Posttraumatic esophageal diverticula are rare. This case brings to four the number found in a literature review. It is the first distal esophageal posttraumatic diverticulum to be described. The lesion may be more prevalent than currently thought and has been described enough to constitute a distinct classification. PMID- 6795724 TI - Bacillus subtilis osteomyelitis. PMID- 6795725 TI - [Biochemical activity, serological characteristics and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes serotypes]. PMID- 6795726 TI - Biochemical screening for inherited metabolic disorders in the mentally retarded. AB - A biochemical screening programme for the detection of inherited metabolic disease was carried out on urine and blood samples from inmates of the Alexandra Institute for the mentally retarded, Cape Town. Of the 1087 patients screened, positive results for phenylketonuria were obtained in 3, for cystinuria in 2 and for Hartnup disease in 1. The overall frequency of metabolic disorders was 0,6%. It is evident that genetic metabolic disease as detected by current screening procedures makes only a small contribution to the overall burden of mental retardation. PMID- 6795727 TI - Petit mal and learning disorders. PMID- 6795728 TI - Spinal injury and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone. PMID- 6795729 TI - [Paleontological view points on the morphological characteristics of human molar teeth. III (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795730 TI - [Considerations on viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795731 TI - Effects of sodium dipropylacetate on the ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. PMID- 6795732 TI - Metabolic effects of ethanol in rats as studied with an intra-gastric infusion technique. I. Animal model. PMID- 6795733 TI - Pulmonary clearance of blood-borne bacteria. AB - Clearance of blood-borne bacteria has been attributed primarily to a fixed macrophages in the liver and spleen. Although many important nonrespiratory functions of the lung have been reported, a major role for this organ in the clearance of circulating bacteria has not been described. To investigate mechanisms of sepsis induced lung dysfunction and pneumonia, we measured lung clearance, tissue accumulation and morphologic effect of blood-borne. Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pigs. Single pass pulmonary clearance of 60 to 80 per cent occurred over a wide range of infusion concentrations. Tissue concentrations of viable, hematogenously delivered bacteria were greatest in the lungs and exceeded inflowing blood concentrations in the lungs, liver and spleen but were less than inflowing blood concentrations in the heart, kidney and skeletal muscle. Electron microscopy showed phagocytosis of bacteria predominantly by mononuclear cells located within small pulmonary vessels. Viable test organisms were recovered from the upper airways of pigs receiving high dose bacterial infusions but not from pigs in the control group. In this experimental model, an important nonrespiratory function of the lungs is clearance of blood-borne bacteria. If lungs in humans have a similar capacity, retention of circulating organisms may be one mechanism of sepsis induced pulmonary failure. PMID- 6795734 TI - Adult aqueductal stenosis with Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. AB - A 28-year-old man with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis was first seen with a spastic-ataxic gait and epileptic seizures of recent onset. computerized tomographic scan established the diagnosis of aqueductal stenosis, rarely reported in patients with von Recklinghausen's disease. The value of computerized tomography in the etiological diagnosis of hydrocephalus in von Recklinghausen's disease is emphasized and the pathogenesis of aqueductal narrowing in neurofibromatosis is discussed. PMID- 6795735 TI - Direct central vein puncture for silicone rubber catheter insertion. An alternative technique for Broviac catheter placement. AB - The indications for placement of the Broviac catheter have been expanded. Although cephalic vein cutdown has become the accepted technique for placement of the catheter, cannulation of this vein is not always possible. A technique is described for direct placement of the Broviac catheter into the subclavian or internal jugular vein. Formal venous cutdown is not required, and the technique does not sacrifice a vein. We have performed 21 consecutive catheter insertions in 20 patients without complications. It is a safe alternative method for silicone rubber catheter placement. PMID- 6795736 TI - [Subsidy prospects in the treatment of skin patients: possibilities to reduce the patient's part in expenses]. PMID- 6795737 TI - Comparative studies on acetazolamide teratogenesis in pregnant rats, rabbits, and rhesus monkeys. AB - Acetazolamide produces a characteristic forelimb reduction deformity when administered to pregnant rodents. Past studies indicated that non-rodent species (rabbit and monkey) are resistant to this effect. The present studies confirmed this fact and demonstrated that transport of acetazolamide into the rabbit embryo was similar to that in sensitive rat embryos. In monkeys, however, the concentrations of acetazolamide within maternal plasma and embryo were much lower than in rats. Carbonic anhydrase activity was also measured since inhibition of this enzyme is the primary pharmacologic effect of acetazolamide. Again the rabbit embryo had carbonic anhydrase specific activity levels similar to that of the rat. Monkey embryos, on the other hand, contained negligible levels of enzyme activity during the presumed sensitive period of development. Thus the resistance of monkey embryos to acetazolamide teratogenesis may be due to low carbonic anhydrase activity and/or the small amount of drug reaching the embryo. No basis for the resistance of rabbit embryos to acetazolamide teratogenesis was uncovered. PMID- 6795738 TI - Characterization of a form of bovine factor VIII which does not aggregate human platelets. AB - Fractionation of partially purified bovine factor VIII on tricalcium citrate columns produces a material which contains high levels of factor VIII procoagulant activity and factor VIII-related antigen, but does not aggregate human platelets. The procoagulant activity can be blocked by human inhibitors of factor VIII: C and by rabbit antibody to bovine factor VIII. Its activity can be increased by thrombin modification. The apparent molecular weight of this form of factor VIII is significantly lower than that of the forms of factor VIII which contain platelet aggregating activity, and it exhibits a higher mobility on agarose electrophoresis. PMID- 6795739 TI - Kinetic analysis of bovine factor VIII in the hemophilic dog. AB - Bovine factor VIII, which did not contain platelet aggregating factor activity, was infused into hemophilic dogs. Factor VIII procoagulant (VIII:C) levels in the dogs increased dramatically, then decreased in a biphasic manner. The half-life of the longest component was 3-7 hrs. The infusions were hemostatically effective and also caused a prolonged shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time. These studies demonstrate that the platelet aggregating factor activity of bovine factor VIII is not essential for its maintenance in the circulation and that preparations lacking this activity may be clinically useful. When concentrates of partially purified factor VIII: C (essentially free of both platelet aggregating factor and factor VIII-related antigen) were infused, marked increases in VIII: C levels were also observed, but the half-life was significantly shorter (T1/2 of approximately 1 hr.). PMID- 6795740 TI - Factor VIII: C and factor VIII R: Ag in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. AB - Factor VIII procoagulant activity (F VIII:C) and factor VIII related antigen (F VIII R: Ag) were investigated in 35 patients with Argentine hemorrhagic fever. Since the results obtained in the three clinical forms of the disease were not significantly different, they were tabulated altogether. F VIII:C was low in early stages of the disease but increased progressively in later days (days 5-6: 0.54 +/- 0.10 I. U/ml; days 13-14: 0.95 +/- 0.13 I.U./ml). In contrast, the levels of F VIII R: Ag were high all along the disease and they returned to normal values during the convalescence period (days 5-6; 2.58 +/- 0.54 I.U./ml; day 30: 1.30 +/- 0.14 I.U./ml). The levels of F VIII R: ag were similar in samples drawn before (11 cases) or after (10 cases) the treatment with immune plasma infusion. Plasma samples from 12 patients were studied by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The only abnormality found was increased height of the immune precipitation arc. PMID- 6795741 TI - Testosterone potentiation of ionophore and ADP induced platelet aggregation: relationship to arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - The role of arachidonic acid oxygenated products in human platelet aggregation induced by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The ionophore produced an increased release of both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and a concomitant increased formation of TxA2 and other arachidonate products. TxA2 (and possibly other cyclo oxygenase products) appears to have a significant role in ionophore induced aggregation only when low concentrations (less than 1 micro M ) of the ionophore are employed. Testosterone added to rat or human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was shown previously to potentiate platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenaline, collagen and arachidonic acid (1, 2). We show that testosterone also potentiates ionophore induced aggregation in washed platelets and in PRP. This potentiation was dose and time dependent and resulted form increased lipolysis and concomitant generation of TxA2 and other prostaglandin products. The testosterone potentiating effect was abolished by preincubation of the platelets with indomethacin. PMID- 6795742 TI - Production of cryoprecipitate of intermediate purity in a closed system thaw siphon process. AB - The thaw-siphon procedure for routine production of cryoprecipitate is described briefly, and also its extension to a reproducible procedure for production of cryoprecipitates of intermediate purity. For the latter, the average yield of factor VIII is 60% of that in the prefrozen plasma and approximately 30% is present in the supernatant plasma. The product contains 0.53 units of VIII: C per mg of total protein (of which about 70% is clottable). The mean value of the ratio VIII: C/VIII: RAG is about 0.7. The yield and purity of the product compare favourably with those reported for intermediate purity factor VIII concentrates produced by large-scale plasma fractionation laboratories. The procedure offers an alternative pathway to the production of factor VIII concentrate of intermediate purity and can be operated in any blood bank with a minimum of equipment. PMID- 6795743 TI - High frequency of low plasma haptoglobin values found in hemophilia A patients on prophylactic treatment with factor VIII concentrates - a sign of hemolysis? AB - Low plasma haptoglobin values have been observed in hemophilia A patients on regular prophylactic treatment with factor VIII concentrates. Two of 3 patients treated with fraction I-0 (Kabi) and 7 of 11 patients treated with high-purity concentrates (Hyland) had low haptoglobin values. Four of 8 patients who were treated with high-purity concentrates prescreened for a low content of anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulins still showed low haptoglobin levels. Unexpectedly, 2 patients of blood group 0 showed low haptoglobin values. The presence of irregular erythrocyte alloantibodies and/or other contaminants of the concentrates might thus also be a cause of hemolysis resulting in an increased consumption of haptoglobin. Elevated lactate dehydrogenase levels were also frequent. No correlations were found between albumin, aspartate or alanine aminotransferase levels and haptoglobin levels. PMID- 6795744 TI - Studies on the specific fibrinolytic effect of human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator in human blood and in various animal species in vitro. AB - Human extrinsic (tissue-type) plasminogen activator (EPA) was highly purified from the culture fluid of a human melanoma cell line, both as a one-chain or as a two-chain molecule. Its specific fibrinolytic effect on human whole blood clots or plasma clots with different degrees of fibrin crosslinking was evaluated in an in vitro system, composed of a 125I-fibrin labeled clot, hanging in circulating human plasma. After infusion of EPA (30 IU per ml over 3 hrs), non-crosslinked clots lysed more extensively (75-100 percent in 5 hrs) than totally-crosslinked clots (50-65 percent), and no difference was found between one-chain or two-chain EPA. The extent of lysis of totally-crosslinked human or animal plasma clots hanging in autologous plasma induced by EPA varied markedly form one species ot the other. When 90 IU of EPA were infused over 3 hrs, crosslinked human plasma clots dissolved for over 95 percent within 5 hrs. Under comparable conditions, the degree of lysis was 80 percent in primate plasma (cynomolgus fascicularis), 60 percent in cat and rabbit plasma, 30 percent in dog plasma and only 10 percent in rat plasma. Systemic activation of the fibrinolytic system in the circulating plasmas was minor and dose-dependent in all species, but complete fibrinogen breakdown was not observed in any species following infusion of up to 90 IU EPA per ml plasma. It is concluded that the human system is more susceptible to EPA induced fibrinolysis than the other animal systems which were investigated, and that even totally-crosslinked clots can be lysed after infusion of EPA. PMID- 6795745 TI - Generation of plasmatic coagulation factors by the isolated rat liver perfused with completely synthetic blood substitute. PMID- 6795746 TI - Antibodies to human factor VIII complex from BALB/c mice. PMID- 6795747 TI - Isolation and characterization of human factor VIIa. PMID- 6795748 TI - Comparative study on the prostacyclin producing activities in bovine heart valves. PMID- 6795749 TI - Involvement of calmodulin in platelet reaction. PMID- 6795750 TI - Studies on the haemostatic system in peripheral arterial disease. 2. Variations in factor VIII components (FVIII:C ; FVIIIR:Ag ; FVIII:WF) before and after venous occlusion. PMID- 6795751 TI - Studies on the haemostatic system in peripheral arterial disease. I. Factor VIII, fibrinolytic activity, and changes induced by venous occlusion and nicotinic acid administration. PMID- 6795752 TI - Factors affecting the appearance of a pre-peak during crossed immunoelectrophoresis of factor VIII related antigen. PMID- 6795753 TI - UK-37, 248, a novel, selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor with platelet anti-aggregatory and anti-thrombotic activity. PMID- 6795754 TI - The role of calcium in platelet microtubule assembly-disassembly. PMID- 6795755 TI - Aluminium hydroxide absorption of factor VIII procoagulant antigen from plasma and factor VIII concentrate. PMID- 6795756 TI - Stimulation of coronary vascular prostacyclin and inhibition of human platelet thromboxane A2 after low-dose nitroglycerin. PMID- 6795757 TI - In vitro effects of vincristine on arachidonic acid metabolism in human platelets and rat arterial tissue. PMID- 6795758 TI - Beneficial effects of a new thromboxane synthetase inhibitor in arachidonate induced sudden death. PMID- 6795759 TI - A study of intravascular platelet aggregation by continuous platelet counting. PMID- 6795760 TI - Persistence of 2,3,6-substituted pentachlorobiphenyls in the lung parenchyma: a new structure-dependent tissue localization of polychlorinated biphenyls in mice. AB - Whole body autoradiograms of mice injected with 2,2',3,3',6 [14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (I), 2,3,3',4',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (II), 2,2',3,5',6-[14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (III) and 2,3',4,5,5' [14C]pentachlorobiphenyl (IV) showed a specific accumulation of I-III in the lung parenchyma, whereas IV did not accumulate in the lung tissue. The results suggest that chlorobiphenyls with chlorine atoms in the positions 2,3,6 possess a specific affinity for the lung parenchyma. These chlorobiphenyls differ in chemical structure from those which are accumulated in the bronchial mucosa and those which are not taken up in the respiratory tract. The importance of in vivo metabolism in the determination of structure activity relationships is stressed. PMID- 6795761 TI - Chemical modification of lysine and histidine residues in phospholipase A2 from the venom of Naja naja atra (Taiwan cobra). PMID- 6795762 TI - Dissociation of enzymatic activity from lethality and pharmacological properties by carbamylation of lysines in Naja nigricollis and Naja naja atra snake venom phospholipases A2. PMID- 6795763 TI - HLA-D/DR linked immune response to Candida allergen: an in vivo and in vitro study in Japanese. AB - Immune response to Candida allergen in man was studied using the lymphocyte reaction in vitro and the skin test in vivo. One hundred and ten normal healthy Japanese were typed for HLA-A, B, D and DR. It was found that HLA-B7, Dw1 and DR1 were strongly associated with high responsiveness and Den and Mt2 with low responsiveness. In a family study, the inheritance of high responsiveness was observed. In the reaction patterns of HLA-D homozygote and heterozygote cells, it was found that Dw1/DR1 and Dw12/DR2 were associated with a high responders and that DYT/DR4 and DEn (6.1)/DR- were associated with low responders. It is considered that the Dw1/DRl gene might be more dominant as an immune response; the Ir gene when compared to a gene such as the DYT, and the EDn (6.1) as an immune suppressive; Is gene. A genetic factor can be implicated in the secondary response (but not the primary response) to Candida allergen. Therefore, the existence of HLA-linked Ir and/or Is gene to Candida allergen is discussed. PMID- 6795764 TI - Relevance of radiation penumbra in high-energy photon beam therapy. AB - In external beam therapy, radiation penumbra is one of the factors which hinder the confinement of the dose to tumour volume and cause unnecessary irradiation of the surrounding normal tissues in the penumbral region. In the present work, the magnitudes of radiation penumbras were evaluated for various high-energy X-ray beams and cobalt-60 beams, from their respective isodose charts, at the depth of maximum ionization (dmax) and at the typical tumour centre depth of 10 cm (d10) and for field sizes of 5 x 5 cm2, 10 x 10 cm2 and 15 x 15 cm2. Although the radiation penumbra for high-energy X-ray beams up to 16 MV was found to be smaller in comparison with cobalt-60 beams, at 20 MV and beyond it tends to increase and becomes comparable to that for cobalt-60 beams. In the light of this comparison and the results of some of the cancer treatments with high-energy beams reported by various authors, the relative importance of radiation penumbra and integral dose in the treatment volume is discussed. PMID- 6795766 TI - [Long term preliminary irradiation of malignant tumors]. PMID- 6795765 TI - Protective effect of Fluosol-DA in acute cerebral ischemia. AB - Fluosol-DA (Perfluorochemical Blood Substitutes) are small particle fluorocarbons suspended in an emulsion and have a high propensity for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Fluosol-DA was investigated for the modification of acute focal cerebral ischemia and compared to mannitol. A total of 36 adult cats were divided into 3 groups and had transorbital microtourniquet ligation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Control animals were given intravenous isotonic saline. Animals in the experimental groups were treated with either intravenous Fluosol DA or mannitol. All animals were nursed in an oxygen chamber and 4 cats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 hours after MCA occlusion. The results of macroscopic and histological examination of the brain suggested Fluosol-DA had a definite protective effect on acute focal cerebral ischemia which was in keeping with the observed neurological outcome. It is suggested that Fluosol-DA may support flow in the microcirculation and that the small particles of Fluosol-DA may be able to reach the area of ischemia via collaterals by decreasing blood viscosity, preventing narrowing of the arteriolar and capillary lumen and increasing the cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6795767 TI - [Comparison of proliferation patterns after short term and long term irradiation in colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6795768 TI - Blood flow in normal and abnormal retinal vessels. PMID- 6795769 TI - Vascular abnormalities in diabetes and their treatment. AB - The capillary abnormalities of diabetes include both dilatation and occlusion. Occlusion is the more important, as vision-threatening lesions are secondary to capillary occlusion. Capillary occlusion could result from abnormalities of blood coagulation and from endothelial cell disease. Evidence is presented of the predominant role of endothelial disease--abnormal coagulation is probably secondary. While there is no known treatment which can reliably prevent or reverse capillary changes, approaches by antiplatelet agents and normalization of blood sugar are possible methods. PMID- 6795770 TI - Leishmaniasis in Brazil. XIV. Leishmanial and trypanosomal IgA antibody in patients with leishmaniasis and Chagas's disease. AB - Preserved sera from patients with various forms of leishmaniasis, acute and chronic Chagas's disease and from normal individuals were examined for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies by the IFA test. The leishmanial antigen used in the IFA test was prepared from a hamster infected with the PH8 strain of Leishmania mexicana amazonensis; amastigotes were isolated from a skin lesion and fixed in formal phosphate-buffered saline-glucose for slide antigen. There were significantly more positive reactions with IgA conjugate in patients with mucocutaneous leishmaniasis than in those with other forms. There was no association between IgA and IgG titres. The only two sera with trypanosomal IgA antibody were from two patients with acute Chagas's disease but neither sera produced cytoplasmic or surface fluorescence of leishmanial amastigotes. The implications of the presence of leishmanial and trypanosomal IgA antibody is discussed in detail. PMID- 6795771 TI - Comparison of drug sensitivities of three strains of Trypanosoma cruzi in inbred A/Jax mice. AB - The sensitivity to 15 drugs of the Peru, Sonya and Y strains of Trypanosoma cruzi was investigated in inbred A/Jax strain mice. Some variation was seen in the percentage of survivors and more still in the survival times of those that died. Marked variation was seen when the two sets of data were analysed together by Litchfield's rapid graphic method for evaluating time-percent effect curves. No one strain, however, was found to be especially drug-sensitive and therefore particularly useful in primary drug screening. Furthermore, the differences in sensitivity were apparently not marked and are unlikely to have clinical significance once an effective drug with a high chemotherapeutic index is discovered for Chagas's disease. PMID- 6795772 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: the effect of thiosinamine in vivo and in vitro. AB - It has been found that treatment of mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni with thiosinamine for five days had a significant effect on the formation of normal egg-shells within the ootype of female worms. The protein material, not organized into complete egg-shells, was nevertheless tanned and the surface of these amorphous masses was formed into microspines. Normal egg-shell formation was restored following drug withdrawal. The process of egg-shell formation consists of the integration of the physical moulding of egg-shell precursors derived from the vitelline cells, associated with the chemical process of protein tanning. It is suggested that thiosinamine treatment in vivo results in disruption of egg shell formation by causing a breakdown in the moulding process and not by the inhibition of protein tanning involving the enzyme polyphenoloxidase. Treatment of worms with the drug under in vitro conditions resulted in a more enhanced effect of egg-shell formation. PMID- 6795773 TI - Experimental Leishmania chagasi infections in the marmoset Callithrix jacchus jacchus. PMID- 6795774 TI - Circulating immune complexes (CIC): their lack of correlation with rejection. PMID- 6795775 TI - Bw46 and its association with Cw1, Cw3, and DRw8. PMID- 6795776 TI - [Ultrastructure and taxonomic position of the infusorian Isotricha intestinalis from the rumen of ruminants]. PMID- 6795777 TI - A study of bovine strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from humans in South-East England, 1977-1979. AB - Bovine strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were isolated from 137 of 5021 cases of tuberculosis (2.7%) occurring in South East England during the years 1977 to 1979. These were divisible into 'classical' and 'Afro-Asian' bovine strains according to their susceptibility to pyrazinamide. Classical strains were the predominant type among the Europeans and Afro-Asian types were commoner in immigrants. Bovine strains caused a high incidence of extrapulmonary disease in both ethnic groups and there was a significant relationship between renal disease and 'classical' strains. The age and sex distributions of bovine strains were similar to those of human strains in both ethnic groups. It was considered that these bovine strains were transmitted from human to human by the pulmonary route. PMID- 6795778 TI - [Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X-linked recessive form)]. PMID- 6795779 TI - [Triquilar/Trinordiol. A new pill with 3 sequences]. PMID- 6795780 TI - [Ossification in abdominal scars following laparotomy]. PMID- 6795781 TI - [Intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum]. PMID- 6795782 TI - [Cancer in an urethral diverticulum. Review of the literature and report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6795783 TI - [Present status of transurethral laser technique in the treatment of urethral strictures (author's transl)]. AB - The main difference between the conventional methods of urethrotomy and the laser method is that the scar tissue of the urethral stricture is not cut but removed by evaporisation. At present only neodymium: YAG and argon ion lasers are available for clinical endoscopic use. For the purpose of removing tissue neodymium: YAG lasers need irrigation with a gas in contrast to argon ion lasers that can be utilized with the well known water irrigation. Certain considerations and experiences suggest the carbon dioxide lasers to be the best ones for evaporating stricture tissue since they cause very limited zones of necrosis with immediate sealing of the wound edges. Transurethral carbon dioxide laser application, however, is still at an experimental stage, since convenient light transmission systems are not available for clinical use at the present time. PMID- 6795784 TI - [Glaucoma cryotherapy with the use of various cooling agents]. PMID- 6795785 TI - [Electron microscopic detection of coronaviruses in calves with diarrhea]. PMID- 6795787 TI - [Relationships between spermiological, biochemical, endocrinological and fertilizing characteristics of boar ejaculates]. AB - Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration, total number of abnormal spermatozoa, number of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplet, and the content of chlorides, magnesium, calcium and testosterone in semen plasma were evaluated in 155 ejaculates obtained from 77 boars. Further, the evaluation included the fertilizing ability of the ejaculates, expressed by conception rate after the first insemination, average number of all piglets and live-born piglets in litter after inseminations with the studied semen. The following significant (P less than 0.01) relationships were found after the evaluation of the mutual correlations of the studied characteristics: ejaculate volume to sperm concentration (r = -0.496), chlorides to calcium (r = -0.240), chlorides to magnesium (r = -0.492), magnesium to calcium (r = +0.261), testosterone to conception rate after the first insemination (r = -0.222), boar age to ejaculate volume (r = +0.285), boar age to sperm concentration (r = -0.375), boar age to magnesium (r = -0.281), length of sexual rest to total percentage of abnormal spermatozoa (r = +0.323) and to the percentage of spermatozoa with protoplasmic droplet (r = +0.367). The importance of these findings is treated in discussion. PMID- 6795786 TI - [Biochemical parameters of blood sera from clinically healthy boars of the Large White, Landrace and Duroc breeds]. AB - The levels of eleven biochemical parameters were determined in the blood serum of 150 healthy breeding boars of the Large White, Landrace and Duroc breeds from three A. I. stations. The following average values were obtained: calcium 1.94 +/ 0.42 mmol . l-1 with a statistically significant difference of the means between the LW and L breeds, phosphorus 1.87 +/- 0.31 mmol . l-1 with a statistically significant difference of the means between the LW and L breeds, magnesium 0.61 +/- 0.12 mmol . l-1 with a statistically significant difference of the means between the LW and D breeds, iron 25.98 +/- 5.41 micron mol . l-1 without statistically significant inter-breed differences, chlorides 97.75 +/- 7.04 mmol . l-1 without statistically significant inter-breed differences, alkaline phosphatase 55.97 +/- 24.72 U . l-1 without statistically significant inter-breed differences, transaminase GOT 14.96 +/- 4.86 U . l-1 with statistically significant differences of the means in the D breed compared with LW and L, transaminase GPT 27.75 +/- 6.65 U . l-1 without statistically significant inter breed differences, total protein 75.00 +/- 5.82 g . l-1 without statistically significant inter-breed differences, total protein 75.00 +/- 5.82 g . l-1 with a statistically significant difference between the LW and L breeds, creatinin 203.67 +/- 27.97 micron mol . l-1 with statistically significant differences of the means in the L breed compared with LW and D, and urea 5.55 +/- 1.22 mmol . l 1 with a statistically significant difference of the means between the LW and L breeds. It is recommended for clinical practice to respect inter-breed differences in parameters specially mentioned in discussion. PMID- 6795788 TI - [The effect of adding dried pig feces to the diet of egg-laying hens on the quality of eggs]. AB - Eggs from two groups of layers (eight hens in each group) were subjected to examination. The hens were given diet with pig dried faeces at a concentration of 2.5% and 5% for six months and at a concentration of 5% and 10% for another five months. The organoleptic examination of the eggs and determination of some chemical characteristics of yolks and albumins did not reveal any systematic deviations of their properties in comparison with the eggs from the hens of the control group. This did not suggest that pig faeces added to hen diet as a feed component might have a negative effect on egg quality. PMID- 6795789 TI - Numbers of Brucella abortus in the placenta, umbilicus and fetal fluid of two naturally infected cows. PMID- 6795790 TI - Treating lead poisoned swans. PMID- 6795791 TI - Analysis of cost benefit of toxicology laboratory determinations. PMID- 6795792 TI - [Sensitivity to antibiotic combinations fo Ps. aeruginosa strains isolated from frozen bull seminal fluid]. AB - The standard method of serial dilutions in solid nutrient media was employed to study the sensitivity of a total of 66 field strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from deeply frozen bull semen. Used were the following combinations of antibiotics: carbenicillin with chloramphenicol (1:1), carbenicillin with neomycin (1:1), carbenicillin with kanamycin (1:1), and carbenicillin with gentamycin (20:1). The first two combinations proved inapplicable, while the remaining two antibacterial combinations of antibiotic preparations were shown to be perspective in the decontamination of semen with special reference to the presence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Priority is given to the carbenicillin gentamycin combination in a 20:1 ratio. PMID- 6795793 TI - [Isolation of group D streptococci in pyelitis cystica of swine]. AB - A disease was noted among the replacement sows on a pig-breeding complex, exhibiting signs of pyelonephritis, cystitis, and metritis. Bacteriologic studies revealed the presence of streptococci. Streptococcus typing was carried out by means of biochemical, immunodiffusion, and immunoelectrophoretic investigations. The isolated strains were shown to belong to group D--Str. suis. The treatment of HCL-extracts to D-group streptococci with pepsin considerably raised the value of the respective immunoelectrophoretic method in the process of typing. PMID- 6795794 TI - [Prevention of accidents in creches]. PMID- 6795795 TI - [Kinetotherapy and methodology for its application]. PMID- 6795796 TI - [The lack of hygienic measures in the feeding of the newborn]. PMID- 6795797 TI - [The fight against smoking]. PMID- 6795798 TI - [Some considerations on the effects of noise on the hearing organ]. PMID- 6795799 TI - [Specific and non-specific aspects in acute abdominal emergencies. The role of the auxilliary health personnel]. PMID- 6795800 TI - [Correlation of post-vaccinal allergy and the size of the vaccinal scars in B.C.G. vaccination]. PMID- 6795801 TI - [Contribution of auxiliary sanitary personnel to the care of patients with toxico septic abortion]. PMID- 6795802 TI - [Technics and methods used in nurseries in view of achieving the aims of health education in 0-3-year-old children in institutions]. PMID- 6795803 TI - [Bacillary dysentery in the range of the diarrhetic diseases]. PMID- 6795804 TI - [Psychiatric emergencies in drug-dependent patients]. PMID- 6795805 TI - [Complications of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6795806 TI - [Study of gastric secretion]. PMID- 6795807 TI - [Adaptability of women to work in high temperature environments]. PMID- 6795808 TI - [For the increased birth rate]. PMID- 6795809 TI - [Limitations of indications and contraindications of thermal water cure of the "Felix" 'type in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6795810 TI - [Conjunctivitis]. PMID- 6795811 TI - [Surveillance and follow-up of the child for the prevention and control of rickets due to vitamin D deficiency]. PMID- 6795812 TI - [Morpho-functional urography in cancer of the uterine cervix. The contribution of auxiliary personnel]. PMID- 6795813 TI - [The Memorial Museum "Prof. Gh. Marinescu"]. PMID- 6795815 TI - Reaction spectrum of anti-HBe and ABO blood groups. PMID- 6795816 TI - [Determination of the selectivity of proteinuria by Mancini's method using a polyvalent antiserum]. PMID- 6795817 TI - [Use of a high-protein enteral feeding preparation in digestive organ diseases]. PMID- 6795818 TI - [Use of the pepsinogen-pepsin test in examining persons at high risk of stomach cancer]. AB - The paper deals with the description of a simple, time-saving and sufficiently precise procedure of determining the activity and level of pepsinogen-pepsin in the gastric juice of healthy subjects and those at high risk for stomach carcinoma by means of photography. The level of pepsinogen-pepsin in the gastric juice of stomach cancer patients is generally found to be very low or nil. A considerable drop in the enzyme's activity is also observed in cases of polyposis of gastric mucosa as well as in ana- and hypoacidic states. The procedure may be used for assessment of the secretory function of gastric mucosa and screening for groups at high risk for stomach carcinoma. PMID- 6795819 TI - [Urinary excretion of catecholamines and their precursors in myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6795821 TI - [Values of the clinico-rheoencephalographic methods in the diagnosis of circulatory insufficiency in hypertension]. PMID- 6795822 TI - [Relationship of the incidence of the HBsAg carrier state to ABO and Rhesus blood group systems]. PMID- 6795820 TI - [Effect of prodectin and lipoic acid on the lipid metabolism indicators in chronic ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6795823 TI - [Effectiveness of using prolonged-action nitrates in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6795824 TI - [Myocardial contractile capacity after operations on the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6795825 TI - [Gas exchange in the lungs and regional hemodynamics of pregnant women with circulatory failure]. PMID- 6795826 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the reverse passive hemagglutination reaction in the diagnosis of hepatitis B]. PMID- 6795827 TI - [Hormonal secretion dynamics in nonalcoholic drug dependence]. AB - The hypophyseal-gonad axis was studied in patients with non-alcoholic narcomania by specific radioimmunologic methods. The subjects examined were males, at an average age of 22.5 and a duration of the disease--3.5 years. Stimulation was conducted to all the subjects examined via synthetic LH--RH in a dose of 50 mkg, the results compared with the response reaction of 20 healthy males at the same age. A statistically significant decrease of testosterone serum concentration was found as well as a preserved response reaction with stimulation. FSH level was also decreased with a statistical significance, with an altered response reaction after stimulation. LH concentration was increased with preserved type response reaction and maximum degree of increase. The results obtained indicate preserved hypophyseal reserves but decreased hypothalamus stimulation, hence reduced sexual functions in the subjects, misappropriating with narcotics. PMID- 6795828 TI - [Hypophyseal-ovarian disorders in chronic kidney failure]. AB - The authors studied the plasma level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E) and progesterone (P) in 2 female patients with chronic renal insufficiency (ChRI), aged 21--42, without any genital ailments. The patients were conservatively treated. The authors found elevated plasma level of FSH and LH in the plasma of the female patients with ChRI and decreased E and P. The direct lesion of the hypophyseal-ovarial axis by uremic toxins is the reason, admitted by the authors for the hormonal dysbalance in the patients with ChRI. Similar changes are admitted to be found at the hypothalamus level as well. According to the authors the hormonal dysbalance in the female patients with ChRI is the cause for the grave changes observed in the genital cycle. PMID- 6795829 TI - [Clinical observation of the inthal treatment of bronchial asthma]. AB - The results are reported from the long-term clinical observation on inthal effect in the treatment of 57 patients with various forms of bronchial asthma--atopic (18 patients), infectious--allergic (14 patients), mixed (25 patients). The most pronounced clinical improvement was observed in the patients with atopic bronchial asthma: 66.63 per cent with excellent effect, 11.11 per cent with good effect, 5.56 per cent with poor effect and 16.63 per cent--no effect. A good effect on the clinical symptomatics was observed also in the patients with mixed bronchial asthma: 40 per cent--with excellent effect, 28 per cent--good effect, 12--poor and 20 per cent--no change. The effect of the drug in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma was rather unpretending: 28.58 per cent- excellent, 14.29 per cent--good, 12 per cent--poor and 25.71 per cent--no effect. Corticosteroid dependence was recorded in 46.42 per cent of the patients. The effect of the drug was discussed in connection with bronchial asthma type, graviy of the course and concomitant treatment. PMID- 6795830 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria to antibiotics in urinary tract infection]. PMID- 6795831 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis IV (Morquio-Brailsford syndrome) with limb asymmetry in a 9-year-old boy]. PMID- 6795832 TI - [Serological diagnosis of virus hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - Hepatitis A is diagnosed by the detection of specific IgM-antibodies. The virus itself can be found in stool specimens. Gammaglobulin is useful in prophylaxis of Hepatitis A. In the course of Hepatitis A HBs- and HBe-antigen as well as HBc(IgM and IgG)-, HBs- and HBe-antibodies can be detected. By analysis of this parameters information is obtained about acute or chronic hepatitis as well as about the probability of infectivity of a blood sample. Hepatitis Non A Non B is most important after blood transfusion and shows a strong tendency to chronicity. So far no test for specific diagnosis exists in practice. Besides the agents mentioned a hepatitis also can be caused by cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr-virus and some tropical viruses. PMID- 6795833 TI - Recommended health-based limits in occupational exposure to selected organic solvents. PMID- 6795834 TI - Neuronal aging and its implications in human neurological pathology. PMID- 6795835 TI - The role of the health sector in food and nutrition. PMID- 6795836 TI - Pharmacokinetics in rats of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, an unmetabolizable lipophilic model compound. AB - 1. Pharmacokinetics of the unmetabolizable lipophilic model compound, 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (6-CB) was studied in rats, using g.l.c. and 14C methods. 2. After single i.v. doses of 0.6 and 3.6 mg/kg, 16% dose was excreted in 40 weeks in the faeces; the value for infinite time was 17% dose. This limited excretion was first-order with a half-life of 100 days for the terminal component. Urinary excretion was nearly complete after 1 week and amounted to 0.8% dose. 3. 6-CB was redistributed from blood to liver, muscle, skin, and adipose tissue. The latter contained a constant level of about 75% dose from 6 to 40 weeks, while the total lean tissue level fell to 6% dose; only 6-CB in the lean tissue compartment was available for excretion. 4. In rats given six oral doses of 0.6 mg/kg at weekly intervals, excretion and distribution patterns were similar to the single-dose situation, and were thus independent of dose, route of administration, and dose regimen. 5. It is concluded that in rats under physiological conditions, about 75% of every dose of 6-CB is irreversibly stored in adipose tissue and that excretion is limited to 18% dose. 6-CB in rats exhibit novel pharmacokinetics of unmetabolizable lipophilic compounds. PMID- 6795837 TI - 3-(2,6-Xylyl)-5-methylhydantoin--a metabolite or a metabonate of tocainide in rats. AB - 1. G.1.c.-mass spectrometric analysis of urine extracts from rats dosed with tocainide (I) revealed the presence of cyclic compound identified as 3-(2,6 xylyl)-5-methylhydantoin (IV) derived from tocainide. 2. Evidence indicates that IV is derived from a conjugate of tocainide (tocainide carbonyl O-beta-D glucuronide) (III) in humans. 3. Results of the present study indicate that in addition to being formed from a conjugate, IV is generated directly from tocainide in vivo in rats. Possible mechanisms for the formation of IV in rats in vivo are discussed. PMID- 6795838 TI - [Immunological system and preventive treatment of chronic infections in advanced age (author's transl)]. AB - Immunological system, preventive treatment, chronic infection, advanced age. The author reports on the immunological system in advanced age and postulates that prevention in terms of early and thorough identification of the reasons underlying chronic infections in advanced age, especially in the urinary tract and in the respiratory system, as well as their consistent control always have positive results. PMID- 6795839 TI - [Genetic questions of hemophilia]. AB - Haemophilia A and B are X-chromosomally recessively inherited. In the GDR the frequency of these genuine haemophilias is 1 to 6,500 male births. The frequency of sporadic haemophilias is still in dispute and certainly depends on the intensity of genealogic examinations. The mutation rate for haemophilia A is estimated to 1.3 to 3.6 x 10(-5). In secure female conductors the lyonisation evokes a considerable dispersion of the factor VIII coagulation activity, wherefore this is able to prove also only a small proportion, about 20-50%. The lyonisation apparently takes place in a critical anlage of less than 32 cells. Bleeding female conductors are in the first place the sequel of extreme lyonisation, more infrequently homozygotes or such ones with anomalies of the X chromosomes. The state of female conductors is best characterized by th discrepancy between decreased factor VIII coagulation activity and the normal factor VIII associated antigen. At present numerous variants of this female conductor test are used, particularly concerning its calculatory evaluation. In many places only quotients from the two parameters are formed. Discriminancy analytical methods brings without doubt better results. They allow to coordinate a certain probability to each result, which with the help of genealogic criteria may be combined to an evidence. Immunochemical determinations of the factor IX are certainly not of value for the proof of the state of female conductors of haemophilia B. The prenatal diagnostics of sex is recommended for pregnant conductors by amniocentesis in the 14th week of pregnancy. Only in few countries the prenatal diagnostics of haemophilia is possible. In blood tests taken by means of fetoscopy beginning with the 18th week of pregnancy the factor VIII coagulation property is determined by immunoradiometrical methods or recently even by means of a coagulation method. Though for the genetic consultation only female conductors in the reproductive phase are of importance, for the search of female conductors the whole lineage must be worked up genealogically, at least over four generations and with the help of archives material. The genetic consultation of haemophils and female conductors should be performed early and directedly, for important reasons also repeatedly. PMID- 6795840 TI - [Intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum]. AB - The intraluminal diverticulum of the duodenum is a rare disease. Up to now about 50 cases were described. The case in question is a saccate evagination of the duodenal mucous membrane near Vater's papilla. The diverticulum lies within the duodenal lumen and inside and outside it is coated by duodenal mucous membrane. The clinical symptomatology is unspecific. As a rule, the diagnosis is made roentgenologically by a gastrointestinal passage. In the present case the diverticulum contained gallstones and could be represented by an intravenous cholangiography. This was conditioned by the position of the papilla in the diverticulum. PMID- 6795841 TI - [The treatment of acute myocardial infarctions with beta-receptor-blockers. II. Hemodynamic effects of propranolol with and without combination therapy with nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 infarct patients, whose age varies from 43 to 78 years (m 59.6), continuous hemodynamic measurements were made to determine the cardiovascular effects of propranolol without and during a simultaneous infusion treatment with nitroglycerin. In cases of compensated ventricular function and pulmonary wedged pressures of 15 mm Hg or less (N = 10), a mean intravenous propranolol dose of 6.1 +/- 1.3 mg led to a significant reduction of the LVSWI and a simultaneous increase of the PCP by 31% of the control value (P less than or equal to 0.005). A simultaneously performed infusion treatment with nitroglycerin at a mean dose of 3.0 +/- 1.6 mg/h resulted in totally cutting off the propranolol-induced PCP increase, whereas a decrease of the heart rate and the LVSWI due to a beta receptor-blockade remained completely unchanged. In the case of pre-existing congestion insufficiency of the left ventricle (N = 10) and of a pulmonary wedged pressure of above 15 mm Hg, the administration of a mean dose of propranolol of 5.8 +/- 1.1 mg for protection of the myocardium resulted in a partly disquieting decrease of the volume of cardiac output (P less than or equal to 0.005) which was 28% of the control value for the CI an 12% for the SVI. Correspondingly the left ventricular stroke work decreased to 18%. Nitroglycerin has a reducing influence on these changes, but not down to the initial level. In cases of sufficient ventricular function, propranolol has a favorable influence on the myocardial O2-metabolism via its depressor effect on heart rate and contractility. By means of nitroglycerin, an increase of the pulmonary wedged pressure occurring under this condition can be inhibited. However, in the case of a pre-existing congestion insufficiency, propranolol can lead to a partly disquieting depression of the circulation, which, apart from the hemodynamic risks, makes a rather unfavorable influence on the myocardial O2-metabolism seem likely. PMID- 6795842 TI - [Nitroglycerin-application in order to differentiate a spastic from an organic coronary obstruction in a case of Prinzmetal's variant angina (author's transl)]. AB - We report on a patient with Prinzmetal's variant angina. The coronary angiogram demonstrated a subtotal stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. The provocative test with Ergonovine increased the stenosis to a higher degree and the patient became symptomatic (Angina pectoris, ST-elevation). The angiographic control after Nitroglycerin revealed a normal vessel so that the stenosis was identified of spastic origin. To avoid misinterpretation in asymptomatic coronary artery spasm an angiographic control after Nitroglycerin is necessary in patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina and coronary stenosis. PMID- 6795843 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on left ventricular hemodynamics, wall stress and myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio in aortic stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795844 TI - Reassociation of lactic dehydrogenase from pig heart studied by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. AB - Cross-lining with glutaraldehyde has been successfully applied in order to analyze the kinetics of reassociation of oligomeric enzymes (R. Hermann, R. Rudolph, and R. Jaenicke Nature 277, 243 - 245 (1979). In the present study other assembly of lactic dehydrogenase from pig heart is investigated using this approach. In order to eliminate pertubations caused by excessive folding reactions, acid dissociation was performed in the presence o 0.8 M Na2SO4 at 0 degrees C. Under optimum conditions complete cross-linking during reconstitution proves the dimer to be the only intermediate of reassociation. The dimer leads to tetramer transition is found to be rate-limiting for both reassociation and reactivation, suggesting the tetramer to be the enzymatically active species. The presence of monomers during reconstitution indicates that tetramer formation is preceded by a fast monomer-dimer equilibrium. The kinetics model describing the experimental data. PMID- 6795845 TI - [Replacement of the distal radius joint surface with silicone rubber in animal experiments on monkeys]. AB - According to appearance in high percentage the recent techniques of prosthetic implants are not sufficient in cases of destruction of wrist or arthrosis. Therefore in most cases even intensive physical training cannot give adequate function by full pain relief. With the development of a silicon-caoutchout prosthesis to replace only cartilage surface without fixation with cement we get a new way, to implant without extensive-resection of bone. The prosthetic material ist very similar to cartilage in hardness and elasticity. Examinations were made on 8 baboons with the result that there was no restriction in function even at full load 6 weeks postoperatonem. Radiological examinations in an observation period of 9 months did not show any significant change as to destruction in the surrounding of prosthetic stem or the articulating surfaces of cartilage and prosthesis. PMID- 6795846 TI - [Current problems in parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6795847 TI - [Effect of complete parenteral nutrition on cortisol secretion during the postoperative period]. PMID- 6795848 TI - [Hormonal aspects of parenteral feeding in intensive therapy of oncology patients]. PMID- 6795849 TI - [Scabies (clinical aspects, epidemiology, prevention and treatment)]. PMID- 6795850 TI - [National research program on the economy and efficacy of the health system in Switzerland: scientific objective and practical aspects]. AB - Scientific and policy targets of the National Research Program on Health Care Efficiency. Following a brief review of the general background, the specific goals of the program are presented: the realization of a solid scientific and interdisciplinary basis in the field of systematic health-system-research in Switzerland. After a review of the criteria which were employed to select out of one hundred offers some twenty research projects, a summary of these projects permits to illustrate the architecture of the whole program. PMID- 6795851 TI - [Studies on the enzymatical release of lysine, methionine, cyst(e)ine and tryptophan from casein and cereal proteins and their direct photometric determination]. PMID- 6795852 TI - Aflatoxins: production of the toxins on rice-corn steep medium according to some cultural conditions. AB - Rice powder-corn steep (RC) medium proved to be the most suitable among 6 nutrient liquid media for both aflatoxin formation and mycelial growth by the Aspergillus flavus strain No. 182, isolated locally. The production of aflatoxins by the mould was studied in relation to some cultural conditions on RC medium. Highest aflatoxin yields (2527 microgram/50 ml) by A. flavus were attained using rice (5%, w/v) + corn steep (4%, w/v), at initial pH level of 4,25 degree C and 6 days incubation. The initial pH levels at either extreme of the range used (3 and 11), and temperatures of incubation below 20 degree C or above 40 degree C were inhibitory to mould growth and aflatoxin formation. The ratio of aflatoxin B1 to G1 varied with different cultural conditions. The aflatoxin content of the mycelia highly exceeded that of the culture filtrates. PMID- 6795853 TI - Host range and host specificity of sarcocystis. PMID- 6795854 TI - [Heat activation of bacterial spores after inactivation by formaldehyde. Dependence of heat activation on temperature and duration of action (author's transl)]]. PMID- 6795855 TI - [The importance of aerobic spore-forming Bacillaceae in routine demonstration of microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - According to our studies the number of spore-forming bacilli at the average amounts to 2 to 15% within the air and food flora. Due to their presence in the air they can contaminate test samples. Likewise it is to be taken into consideration that they can cause pathological changes in susceptible organisms. In our laboratory we isolated aerobic bacilli from biological material in seven cases whereby pathogenicity was established in five cases thereof. PMID- 6795856 TI - [Important hygienic aspects for swimming pools (author's transl)]. AB - The major epidemics which occurred in Hungary and originated from water in swimming pools are reported. The difficulties encountered in producing epidemiological evidence and in monitoring infections originating from water in swimming pools are mentioned. The possibilities of controlling the water quality in swimming pools and of preventing infections are discussed. Reference is made to the existing bacteriological limit values in Hungary to be observed in the recirculation of water in swimming pools. PMID- 6795857 TI - [Congenital osteoporosis in 2 calves and a sheep]. PMID- 6795858 TI - [Phosphate and sodium metabolism in growing calves]. PMID- 6795859 TI - [Steroid hormone content and aromatase activity in ovarian cysts of cattle]. PMID- 6795860 TI - Factors affecting the levels of blood constituents of Israeli dairy cows. PMID- 6795861 TI - The concentration of iron in the liver, spleen and plasma, and the amount of iron in bone marrow of horses. PMID- 6795862 TI - Excessive oedema of the genital tract in the mare. PMID- 6795863 TI - [Catalase and ceruloplasmin activities in blood and serum of rats with lead deficiency]. PMID- 6795864 TI - Effect of methionine sulfoximine (MSO) on the regional activity of choline acetyltransferase in rat brain. PMID- 6795865 TI - [Growth and ultrastructure of meningococci cultivated on different nutrient media]. PMID- 6795866 TI - [Immunochemical study of Clostridium botulinum type B toxin]. AB - Fractionation of type B. Cl. botulinum toxin, a protein complex, was carried out; as a result, 3 fractions, alpha, beta, and gamma, were isolated in a pure form, alpha-fraction, or neurotoxin, is highly toxic (5-10.10(7) LDm per 1 mg of protein), beta-fraction showed hemagglutinating activity (64-128 HAU per 1 mg of protein), gamma-fraction was not biologically active. The molecular weight of alpha and gamma-fractions was 150,000. All these fractions had antigenic properties. alpha-fraction was serologically specific. beta- and gamma-fractions showed incomplete serologic identity. PMID- 6795867 TI - Platelet lysis during aggregation in saline media. PMID- 6795868 TI - Effect of arachidonic acid on the hexose monophosphate shunt and related coenzymes in human blood platelets. AB - The aggregation of human platelets after addition of arachidonic acid (AA) is accompanied by a 30 fold increase in the net flux through the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS). The levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and NADPH as well as the NADPH/NADPH+NADP quotient show a temporary fall which is restricted to the interval between AA addition and beginning of aggregation suggesting a lag phase between the onset of enhanced coenzyme consumption and that of increased coenzyme regeneration. together with literature data the results point to a possible regulatory function of reduced coenzymes and the HMPS in the process of platelet activation. PMID- 6795869 TI - [The use of Trive 1000]. PMID- 6795870 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in uraemia. PMID- 6795872 TI - Autologous nonfrozen bone marrow transplantation after intensive chemotherapy: a pilot study. AB - 15 patients with metastatic, nonhematopoietic neoplasms refractory to conventional means of treatment were given intensive chemotherapy followed by infusion of autologous noncryopreserved bone marrow which had been stored at 10 degrees C. This study has shown that the procurement of bone marrow from patients with advanced disease and reinfusion 12 h after high dose chemotherapy is tolerated without significant patient morbidity. The use of marrow stored at 10 degrees C leads to adequate recovery of granulocyte stem cells. The present data also suggest that autologous bone marrow transplantation is beneficial in shortening hematopoietic recovery time in patients receiving high dose chemotherapy and may improve response rates in patients with refractory neoplasms. PMID- 6795871 TI - Effect of inhibin like factors on gonadotrophin release by the mouse pituitary in vitro. AB - The release of gonadotrophins by the mouse whole pituitary in vitro was investigated. Whole tissue from 34 day old male mice was highly responsive to synthetic LRH in short incubations at 37 degrees C. About 15% of FSH and 17% of LH were secreted during a 3 h pulse with 3 ng of LRH. Pre-exposure of the mouse pituitary to fractions containing inhibin activity, inhibited the FSH release induced by LRH. Inhibin from bovine and human seminal plasma and porcine follicular fluid preferentially inhibited FSH secretion, while LH secretion was also reduced by inhibin like factors from bovine follicular fluid and testicular extract. The inhibition of FSH and/or LH release was measured by specific radioreceptor assays and could not be due to destruction of either gonadotrophin or LRH. Purified bovine seminal plasma inhibin was effective at very low concentrations in vitro. The whole incubation system is simple and an estimation of inhibition of bioactive (binding activity) FSH release can be obtained within 24 h. PMID- 6795873 TI - Clinical and immunochemical studies of 20 patients with amyloidosis and plasma cell dyscrasia. AB - Amyloidosis associated with plasma cell dyscrasia (AAPCD) is a relatively rare clinical entity (4% of our patients with PCD) and its early recognition and distinction from multiple myeloma (MM) may be of great therapeutic and prognostic significance. Laboratory parameters, such as concentrations of normal polyclonal Ig, Bence-Jones proteins and serum monoclonal components (MC) showed in our patients lower MC concentrations than in MM, lambda-L-chains and of gamma-H chains predominating. Sequential skeletal X-ray studies and bone marrow morphology remain essential diagnostic procedures. Due to the lack of efficient therapeutic agents for AAPCD and the great progress achieved in recent years in the treatment of secondary amyloidosis, the immunochemical analysis of the isolated amyloid fibril as well as of the surrounding 'ground substance' should be pursued in AAPCD. Our data support previous observations, that in AAPCD the amyloid fibril subunit is an L-chain fragment predominantly derived from lambda-L chains which originates from the same clone as the MC. The localization of an enzymatic cleavage point on the L-chain, the detection of a specific proteolytic enzyme and the identification of additional components in the amyloid substance, may further elucidate the etiopathogenesis of AAPCD. PMID- 6795874 TI - Effects of leukemic cells on hematopoiesis in radiation-induced murine erythroleukemia. AB - Erythroleukemia occurred in a BCF1 mouse after X-irradiation. This leukemia was maintained by leukemic cell transplantation successively without changes in the characters of leukemia. According to leukemic cell proliferation, peripheral blood leukemic cells increased in number, and anemia and granulocytopenia developed. Following leukemic cell infiltration, granuloid-committed stem cells (CFU-C) in bone marrow decreased but those in spleen increased. Neither leukemic cells nor leukemic cell-conditioned medium inhibited CFU-C culture in vitro. Effects of leukemic cells on hematopoiesis were discussed. PMID- 6795875 TI - Ph1-negative T lymphocytic colonies in agar cultures of peripheral blood in chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - T lymphocytic colony formation by peripheral lymphocytes separated by discontinuous albumin gradient centrifugation was evaluated in 8 patients with Philadelphia (Ph1)-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Colonies were obtained using a liquid-on-agar culture system recently introduced (PHA overlayer leukocyte feeder layer assay) which has been shown to be simple and reliable. The pattern of colony growth in CML and in normal controls was similar, the peak ranging from the 4th to the 6th day. Also the morphological aspects of colonies did not differ in the two groups. Cells recovered from CML lymphocytic colonies were shown to belong to T cell lineage, as they are able to form spontaneous E rosettes and to respond to mitogenic stimulation in vitro. In contrast, cells recovered from all other cultured fractions failed to display these properties. Cytogenetic analysis showed that T colony cells were Ph1-negative whereas the chromosome anomaly was found in nonlymphoid colonies of the same patients, thus suggesting a nonclonal origin of T lymphocytes in CML. PMID- 6795876 TI - Use of the tritiated thymidine-labelling index of the myeloblast-promyelocyte pool for the identification of the leukemic population in oligoblastic leukemia. AB - The bone marrow myeloblast-promyelocyte-labelling index of 32 patients with oligoblastic leukemia was studied at diagnosis and during the course of the disease. A low value (less than 0.17) or a decrease in the labelling index is suggestive of a poor prognosis with development into acute myeloblastic leukemia. Leukemic myeloblasts are characterized by their inability to differentiate and their low labelling index. The low labelling index or the decrease in this labelling index are, thus, an indication of an increase in the leukemic population. PMID- 6795877 TI - Origin of the early megakaryopoietic progenitor cell and further polyploidization in the thrombopoietic cell series. Phase-contrast observations of human bone marrow. AB - Continuous observation of living cells by phase-contrast time lapse microcinematography revealed different origins of multinuclear cells and cells with lobed nuclei in the hematopoietic progenitor cell series, which must be classified as megakaryoblasts, the determined progenitor cells of the megakaryopoietic series. Hematopoietic progenitor cells with single nuclei of nuclear diameter 5-13 microns, the promegakaryoblasts, may become polyploid by various means: by postmitotic cytoplasmic fusion, by consecutive nuclear fusion, by endomitosis, or by nuclear amitosis or lobe formation presumably after endoreduplication and nuclear growth. Including amitotic nuclear division in the mitotic rate of normal progenitor cells nearly the half of all these cells in G2 phase (0.4) produce in vitro octoploid megakaryoblasts, respectively osteoclasts. Thrombopoietin-rich sera in the medium enhance the mitotic index of the hematopoietic progenitor cell line from 0.1 to 0.25, but do not change the proportion of polyploid mitoses. PMID- 6795878 TI - Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias: splenectomy as a mode of therapy. AB - 3 cases of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (type I, case 3; type III, cases 1 and 2) are reported with a follow-up of 8-10 years. Conventional therapy with vitamins, steroids and/or anabolic hormones was ineffective. Regular blood transfusions were required to maintain the haemoglobin levels around 8 g/dl. Splenectomy, however, resulted in a sustained rise in haemoglobin without blood transfusions. During the follow-up period varying from 40 to 77 months after splenectomy, diabetes mellitus was detected in all 3 patients. Liver biopsy showed haemosiderosis in 2 patients with cirrhosis in one of them. It is suggested that splenectomy could be an effective mode of therapy to reduce the need for blood transfusion in congenital dyserythropoietic anaemias. PMID- 6795879 TI - Plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated alpha-2-glycoprotein in patients with leukaemia. AB - Plasma concentrations of pregnancy-associated alpha 2-glycoprotein (alpha 2-PAG) were estimated by electroimmunoassay in 64 patients with various leukaemias. 7% (2/30) of male patients and 28% (9/32) of female patients had alpha 2-PAG levels above the established upper limit for age- and sex-matched controls. There was no indication that these elevated alpha 2-PAG concentrations were related to type of leukaemia ana no correlation between the circulating levels of alpha 2-PAG and the absolute lymphocyte or monocyte counts was found. PMID- 6795880 TI - Plasmapheresis in Rh immunized pregnant women. PMID- 6795881 TI - Histochemical tracing of lysosomal enzymes. Improved preparation technique for acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, acid-beta-galactosidase, and arylesterase in rat liver. AB - The efficiency of the membrane methods of Meijer (1972) and Lojda (1973) in histochemical lysosome tracing was studied and compared with the results of a preparation technique developed by us, employing fresh-frozen celloidin-coated sections; in addition, these methods were compared with results obtained with conventional formalin-sucrose-fixed livers. The lysosomes were traced by reactions for ACPase, beta-glucuronidase, arylesterase and acid-beta galactosidase activity in rat livers systematically harvested at different time points of occurence of their maximal and minimal activities during the 24-h period, thus indicating a heterogeneity of lysosomes. 3. Optimal results with respect to the morphological appearance of lysosomes were obtained in fresh frozen celloidin coated sections. This preparation method also caused no enzyme inhibition or loss, thus delivering comparatively the strongest reactions in livers and in enzyme models. 4. Day-time-dependent extralysosomal enzyme activities regularly occur in hepatocytes. Extralysosomal localizations however, are not a consequence of technically induced enzyme diffusion; they are best visualized in celloidin-coated sections; the membrane method produces less satisfactory results, and formalin-sucrose-fixed livers were least satisfactory. PMID- 6795882 TI - Concanavalin A binding sites on the intestinal microvillus membrane of rat. AB - Concanavalin A binding sites on the intestinal microvillus membrane have been studied by means of Concanavalin A-horseradish peroxidase method. Several controls were carried out to demonstrate the specifity of this technique. Reaction product on the microvillus membrane of columnar cells on the upper bigger part of intestinal villi was found, while on the intestinal cells from the base of the villi and undifferentiated crypt cells no electron dense material was established. The results of the suggested method were discussed in relation with the literature data. PMID- 6795883 TI - Histochemical detection of zinc and copper in various neurons of the central nervous system. AB - Trace elements (Zn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+) were localized with Timm's sulphide silver method in the neurons (pyramidal cells, Purkinje's cells, motoneurons) and in the axon terminals of various regions cortex, hippocampus, nucleus ruber, cerebellum, medulla spinalis) of the central nervous system. After treatment of the same tissues with 15% trichloroacetic acid, a considerable proportion of the coarse granular staining disappeared from certain neurons (Purkinje's cells, ncl. ruber cells, motoneurons) and axon terminals (hippocampus mossy fibres), while in other cells (cortex pyramidal cells) and axon terminals it remained. The results suggest that the decrease in the staining is a consequence of the loss of Zn2+ and Fe2+ from the neuronal perikaryon or axon terminal. The histochemical results are supported by quantitative atomic absorption measurements. PMID- 6795884 TI - Cholinergic nerves in the mesentery. AB - The cholinergic innervation of extravascular portions of rat mesentery was studied in normal as well as 6-hydroxydopamine (7 OHDA) sympathectomized animals. We observed the presence of a cholinergic innervation unaltered by 6 OHDA treatment in extra-vascular portions of mesentery. Cholinergic nerve fibers coming from paravascular nerves forms loop]-like structures that innervate the mesentery proper. Also the islands of adipocytes of mesentery seem to be provided with a cholinergic innervation. The findings are discussed. PMID- 6795885 TI - [The evidence of antibodies against motor endplates of the skeletal muscle in myasthenia gravis with the double immune-fluorescence technique (author's transl)]. AB - Studies were undertaken on sera of 66 patients for detecting antibodies to motor endplates using a double immunofluorescence method according to Sondag-Tschroots et al. Rat tongue was used as antigenic substrate. Strong positive results at a serum dilution of 1: 20 were found only in patients with myasthenia gravis (15 out of 42 patients approximately equal to 35.7%). Titres between 1: 20 and 1: 1,280 occurred. 3 of 8 patients with chronic active hepatitis and with circulating antibodies to smooth muscle and 2 of 4 patients with autoimmune disorders and weakly positive antibodies in their 1: 20 diluted serum. The used rat tongue as antigenic substrate seems to be more suitable than diaphragm for detecting of such and other antibodies. PMID- 6795886 TI - [Occurrence of naphthol-AS-D-chloracetate-esterase-activity in mast cells with special references to cutaneous mastocytoses (author's transl)]. AB - The enzyme naphthol-AS-D-chloracetate esterase (NASDCE) was demonstrated histochemically in mast cells of tissues of laboratory animals and men under normal and pathological conditions using the method after Leder (1964). Investigating the possible action of different fixations as Bouin's and Carnoy's fluid as formaldehyde also cryostate sections were studied for comparison. After tissue fixation the activity of the NASDCE is localized strongly in the granules of mast cells. The type of fixation is without influence on the histochemical reaction and localization. Differences concerning the investigated species could not be demonstrated. In benign neoplasias of mast cells such as diffuse (urticaria pigmentosa) and localized cutaneous mastocytosis as well as benign systemic mastocytosis with skin involvement (Sagher) the granule bound reaction is very intensive. The NASDCE can be recommended as a marker for the microscopical localization of mast cells, especially in the histological diagnosis of their benign and malignant neoplasias. PMID- 6795887 TI - In vitro responses of proliferating and non-proliferating cells to high doses of 17 beta-estradiol: cytochemical study. AB - The authors studied the effect of 17 beta-estradiol on the proliferation in vitro of chick embryo fibroblasts and human macrophages by microdensitometry, cytofluorometry, and autoradiography. For fibroblasts 17 beta-estradiol shortens the duration of the preparing period to mitosis, particularly of the synthetic phase (S) and has no effect on the duration of mitosis. For macrophages, which have temporarily lost their mitotic capacity, 17 beta-estradiol cannot induce mitotic division. PMID- 6795888 TI - Poor evidence for insulin/insulin-like immunoreactivity in the CNS of lower vertebrates. AB - The localization of insulin/insulin-like immunoreactivity was studied in the brain and the pancreas of an amphibian (clawed frog [Xenopus laevis Daudin]) and in the CNS of two teleost fishes (bream [Abramis brama L.] and rudd [Scardinius erythrophthalmus L.] using the indirect immunofluorescence technique. With exception of cerebellar Purkinje cells no neuronal elements were found to contain insulin-like material. The frog pancreas was characterized by a strong immunofluorescence in cells producing the polypeptide. PMID- 6795889 TI - Differentiation of cells in aggregates from human, mouse, and chick embryo brain. An electronmicroscopic study. PMID- 6795890 TI - [Immunogenetic studies on etiology of liver diseases - with HLA (human leucocyte antigen) as a genetic marker- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795891 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) plasma levels after oral and intramuscular administration in a long-term study. AB - In a long-term study (1 year) the plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA, Depo-Provera, Provera, Upjohn) was measured in 30 patients with endometrial carcinoma treated with MPA in the following dosages: 1) MPA 1 000 mg i.m. weekly; 2) MPA 1 000 mg i.m. once every second week, and; 3) MPA 100 mg orally twice daily. In the orally treated group the blood samples were taken just before the next tablet. The plasma concentration in the orally treated group rapidly reached steady state, while the i.m. treated group showed gradually increasing levels that had a tendency to level off after 6 months. The mean concentration at the end of the year was about three times higher for MPA 1000 mg i.m. weekly than for MPA 100 mg orally twice daily. This does not take into consideration the peak MPA level that occurs 2-4 hours after each tablet. MPA i.m. has a very good depot effect, with release of MPA from the injection site for up to 9 months. The steady initial increase in MPA plasma concentration seen in the i.m. treated groups is probably due to the additions of new depots rather than accumulation in the body generally. PMID- 6795892 TI - [Studies on acid glycosaminoglycans in rabbit uterine cervix and body (author's transl)]. AB - We aimed to measure acid glycosaminoglycans (aGAG) and its composition in nonpregnant and immediately postpartum rabbits uterine cervix and body. aGAG was extracted from the uterine tissues by the modified method of K. Anno (1964) and determined by the carbazole method (Bitter, 1962). Component of aGAG were separated and identified by electrophoresis (0.3 M calcium acetate, veronal buffer, 0.1 M veronal -0.15 M ammonia water, 0.2 M ZnSO4) using acetate cellulose strips. aGAG from uterine cervix and body were separated in three bands which we considered to be hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Hyaluronic acid was dominant in the cervix, on the other hand the components of aGAG without hyaluronic acid were dominant in the body. This compositional changes were also demonstrated by histochemical digestion test and metachromasia method. We considered these changes as a sign of cervical ripening at term pregnancy. PMID- 6795893 TI - [Study on human pituitary gonadotropin synthesis and release during gestation by two steps LH-RF stimulation (author's transl)]. AB - The pituitary gonadotropin response of synthesis and release to two step stimulation at 60 minutes interval by 100 micrograms of luteinizing hormone releasing factor was studied by radioimmunoassay of hLH-beta, hLH and hFSH in pregnant women. The immunological affinity of hLH-beta antiserum was 7.9% with hCG-beta, 3.4% with hLH-alpha and 0.41% with LER 907 as compared to 100% with hLH beta. Serum mean levels of hLH in non pregnant women were 248.5 ng/ml serum before the first injection of LH-RF. The first injection caused an increase in the serum hLH level to 2185.0 ng/ml serum. After the second injection of the hormone, serum hLH levels increased further than the first peak, indicating the "self-stimulating" or "priming" effect of the first LH-RF on the second peak. Serum mean values of hLH-beta in normal menstrual women were 2.60 ng/ml before the first injection. The hLH-beta response to the second injection was significantly greater than to the first. The first peak of hLH-beta was 4.30 ng/ml serum and the second peak was 5.07 ng/ml serum. The FSH response to the second injection of LH-RF was not significantly peaked from that after the first injection. The value of the serum mean levels of hLH-beta during pregnancy were between 0.57 and 0.81 ng/ml and showed no significant increase through two LH-RF stimulations, suggesting that pituitary gonadotropins synthesis and release were depressed during gestation. Thus LH-RF two step stimulation was useful to clarify anterior pituitary function in both synthesis and release of gonadotropin. PMID- 6795894 TI - Von Willebrand's disease and pregnancy. AB - Seven new cases of pregnancy combined with von Willebrand's disease have been reported. Altogether the patients had 11 deliveries, and one abortion after 10 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was based on the determination of the bleeding time, factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII C), factor VIII-related antigen (VIII RAg) and the ristocetin cofactor (VIII RCoF). Two of our 6 parturients showed profuse bleeding at delivery; in addition one patient showed bleeding after abortion at 10 weeks' gestation. Vaginal delivery is generally safe in patients with von Willebrand's disease. There is a great risk of copious bleeding especially in connection with early abortion, when factor VIII levels are low. PMID- 6795895 TI - Gonadotropins and prolactin during estrogen replacement therapy. PMID- 6795896 TI - Early changes of hematopoietic tissues in mice treated with intravenous pulse doses of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - Repeated intravenous injections of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (abbr. DMBA), four times weekly, induced several kinds of tumors in 26 mice (83.9%) out of 31 ddO mice, including 13 leukemias and 6 ovarian tumors. All leukemias were of lymphatic type, and 8 cases out of 13 leukemias were of thymus type. The thymus was involved by leukemic cells in 12 cases. All ovarian tumors were diagnosed as granulosa cell tumors histologically. During the treatment of DMBA, two types of changes in organs and blood were observed: one was a striking decrease of weight or organs or number of cells followed by prompt recovery as found in the spleen, red blood cells, and granulocytes in the peripheral blood; the other was moderate but long-standing decrease with little recovery as found in the thymus, ovaries, uterus, and lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. Unlike DMBA, the weight of the thymus was strikingly decreased by predonisolone, one of corticosteroids, whereas reactions of the spleen and the lymph nodes were not remarkable. Autoradiographical studies revealed a severe reduction followed by a marked rebound of labeling index in the red pulp of the spleen, but not in the white pulps of the spleen and cortex of the thymus. From these observations, it is concluded that a mild but long standing injury was noticed in the tissues which were the main sites of the tumorigenesis in mice by DMBA, and a severe but transient injury may not be related to induction of tumors in mice by DMBA. PMID- 6795897 TI - Striatal dopamine levels after unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra: evidence for a contralateral decrease. AB - Unilateral electrolytical and chemical (6-hydroxydopamine) lesions in the substantia nigra (SN) of rats were followed 7 days later by considerable bilateral decreases of neostriatal dopamine (DA) levels. Similarly, the DA content of the substantia nigra decreased not only ipsilaterally but contralaterally as well. Positive correlations were found between ipsi- and contralateral nigral DA levels, ipsi- and contralateral striatal DA and between the DA level of the SN and the striatum of the corresponding side both ipsi- and contralaterally to the lesion. PMID- 6795898 TI - Metabolic and vascular volume oscillations in the cat brain cortex. PMID- 6795899 TI - Cerebrovascular response during and following severe insulin-induced hypoglycemia: CO2-sensitivity, autoregulation, and influence of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition. AB - The objective of the present experiments was to study mechanisms governing cerebrovascular responses during severe hypoglycemia, and in the posthypoglycemic recovery period. To that end, lightly anesthetized (70% N2O) and artificially ventilated rats were injected with insulin so as to abolish spontaneous EEG activity for 15 or 30 min ("coma"). In separate animals, recovery was induced by glucose administration. Previous experiments have shown that in normo- or moderately hypertensive animals hypoglycemic coma is accompanied by a relatively marked increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and that a delayed hypoperfusion develops in the recovery period. The present results demonstrate that oxygen supply is in excess of the demands during coma, and falls below control during recovery. During hypoglycemic coma, the CO2 response of the circulation was retained but autoregulation was lost. In the recovery period, both CO2 response and autoregulation were lost. Pretreatment with indomethacin was introduced in order to evaluate the possible influence of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase products on the pattern of CBF changes. Measurements of local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) showed that, in the majority of structures analysed, indomethacin failed to modulate the changes in CBF. It is concluded that alterations in cerebrovascular tone and loss of autoregulation induce flow changes that may influence substrate and oxygen availability during hypoglycemia. The pronounced decrease in CBF and the loss of autoregulation and CO2-response in the post-hypoglycemic period may influence functional, metabolic and morphological recovery. The 1-CBF findings indicate that neither the increase in CBF during hypoglycemia nor the reduction in flow in the posthypoglycemic period are mediated by mechanisms related to prostaglandin metabolism. PMID- 6795901 TI - Permanent amplifying effect on the cockerel gonad of hypophysis hormones (FSH, TSH) administered at hatching. AB - The effect of TSH and FSH was studied by quantitative histological analysis of the gonads in five-week-old cockerels pre-treated with these hormones at hatching. It was concluded that (1) hypophyseal hormones of similar molecular structure are not fully specific in immature animals. At five weeks both FSH and TSH enhance spermatogonium division and spermatogenesis, and increase the number of Sertoli cells. (2) While a single post-hatching dose of hormone has no effect on germinal cells as studied in the fifth week it increases the number of Sertoli cells (3) post hatching FSH-treatment facilitates the effect of hormone treatment at five weeks, amplifying the effect of FSH slightly more than that of TSH. Post hatching TSH-treatment also amplifies the effect of FSH administered at five weeks but does not influence the effect of five-week TSH-treatment on germinal cells. (4) The present results have corroborated earlier findings based on the measurement of gonadal weight and tubule diameter. PMID- 6795900 TI - The effect of indomethacin on cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in the rat at normal and increased carbon dioxide tensions. AB - The effect of the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) was studied in paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats. In normocapnic animals, the drug (10 mg.kg-1i.v.) reduced CBF to 50% of control without a measurable effect on CMRO2. During hypercapnia (PaCO2 70-80 mmHg) the increase in CBF was reduced by about 80% but CMRO2 remained unchanged. Autoradiographic evaluation of local CBF in 20 brain structures indicated that the reduction in CBF was relatively uniform throughout the brain. Dose response curves showed that an effect on CBF was evident already at an indomethacin dose of 1 mg.kg-1 and maximal effects were obtained with 3-5 mg.kg-1. Following i.v. injection of the drug reduction in CBF was observed already after 10 s and the full response occurred after 1-2 min. It is concluded that metabolites of arachidonic acid, possibly mainly prostacyclin, are powerful modulators of normal cerebrovascular tone, and help to mediate the CBF response to increased CO2 tensions. However, since indomethacin does not modify the circulatory response in other conditions with increased CBF these substances do not qualify as general coupling factors controlling CBF in physiological or pathological states. PMID- 6795902 TI - Sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder. AB - The sympathetic innervation of the urinary bladder was studied by fluorescence microscopy using glyoxylic methods, and by electron microscopy, in the normal state, after extirpation of hypogastric ganglia and administration of 6 hydroxydopamine. In the normal state adrenergic fibres could be found along the blood and lymph vessels, within the muscle layers and synaptizing on the surface of the local nerve cells or with other, probably local nerve processes. After extirpation of the hypogastric ganglia, degenerated axons could be observed in the local ganglia and in the connective tissue of the vessels. Many fluorescent fibres could be observed in the muscle layers, too. Four to six weeks after the operation, the animals were treated with 6-hydroxydopamine and no fluorescence was observed. In the muscle layer several degenerated fibres could be found, occasionally in close relation to the smooth muscle cells. It was therefore supposed that part of the sympathetic nerves originates from the hypogastric ganglia and is responsible for the modulation of the local ganglia and the blood supply of the urinary bladder. The other part emanates from the "short adrenergic neurons" and may effect directly the smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6795904 TI - Effect of ATP-MgCl2-glucose administration during hemorrhagic shock on cardiovascular function, metabolism, and survival. AB - Both exogenous glucose and adenosine triphosphate--magnesium chloride (ATP-MgCl2, used separately, have been reported to prolong survival after hemorrhagic shock. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intravenously administered glucose plus ATP-MgCl2 given together during hemorrhagic shock would improve cardiac function and survival. Further, we investigated whether glucose had any real additive effect when used in conjunction with ATP-MgCl2, by using ATP-MgCl2 alone and with equimolar mannitol. Awake pigs were bled 40% of total blood volume within 10 minutes. Five pigs received no treatment; 4 received lactated Ringer's equivalent to the initial bled volume; 5 received ATP (206 microM/kg), MgCl2 (206 microM/kg) and glucose (0.5 g/kg); 5 received ATP-MgCl2, glucose and lactated Ringer's; 5 received ATP-MgCl2 alone, and 6 received ATP-MgCl2 and mannitol (0.5 g/kg). All treated groups received sodium bicarbonate (2 mEq/kg). Duration of this experiment was 240 minutes. Mean survival of those which received no treatment was 36.8 +/- SE 2.9 minutes; those which received ATP-MgCl2-glucose had a significantly longer survival with a mean of 157.6 +/- 12.0 minutes (p less than 0.05). With Ringers' alone, the mean survival was 92.6 +/- 0.7 minutes and those which received ATP-MgCl2-glucose plus Ringer's had a significantly greater mean survival of 159-0 +/- 2.7 minutes (p less than 0.05). Mean survival of those which received ATP-MgCl2-mannitol was statistically significantly greater at 200.8 +/- 10.3 minutes than ATP-MgCl2-glucose alone with Ringer's (p less than 0.01). Mean survival was greatest in those which received ATP-MgCl2 alone at 201.2 +/- 9.5 minutes (p less than 0.01), and statistically significantly greater than any other treatment group except ATP-MgCl2-mannitol. ATP-MgCl2 alone significantly increased survival compared to those which received ATP-MgCl2 glucose. PMID- 6795903 TI - Positron emission tomography for measurement of regional cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6795905 TI - Reticuloendothelial (RE) response to surgery as modified by intravenous administration of plasma cryoprecipitate or cold-insoluble globulin (plasma fibronectin) purified by affinity chromatography. PMID- 6795906 TI - Assay methods for prostaglandins. PMID- 6795907 TI - Effects of cloprostenol and prostaglandin F2 alpha on secretion of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, growth hormone, thyroxine and cortisol in heifers. PMID- 6795908 TI - Histamine provocation of clinical coronary artery spasm: implications concerning pathogenesis of variant angina pectoris. AB - Twelve patients with nonexertional chest pain and nonobstructive fixed coronary disease (less than 50% luminal diameter narrowing) were given histamine to investigate the potential role (coronary artery H1 receptor agonism) of the endogenous agent in producing coronary artery spasm (CAS). Histamine, at intravenous dose of 0.5 to 1.0 microgram/kg/min, provoked CAS in four patients. In six patients neither histamine nor ergonovine provoked spasm, and these patients were considered by chronic follow-up evaluation to have noncardiac etiology for their chest pain syndrome. In one patient CAS was provoked with ergonovine but not by histamine, and one ergonovine-positive patient had an equivocally positive histamine result. Pretreatment with cimetidine (H2 receptor antagonism) was necessary to avoid unpleasant side effects of histamine. Thus these observations indicate that histamine should be included among the specific agents capable of inducing CAS and provide new insight concerning the mechanism(s) causing variant angina pectoris. PMID- 6795909 TI - Malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with the use of encainide. AB - In patients treated with the antiarrhythmic drug, encainide, the agent appeared to cause or exacerbate malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias in 11 cases. The most common type of arrhythmia associated with encainide toxicity was polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) resulting in cardiac arrest. In contrast to drug induced arrhythmias commonly encountered with quinidine and other type I antiarrhythmic drugs, encainide-induced rhythm was not associated with marked QT prolongation, was not necessarily initiated by R-on-T premature ventricular beats, and usually did not self-terminate. Two patients could not be resuscitated from the rhythm, and several others required prolonged or multiple resuscitations. The risk of encainide-induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias was 11% in 90 patients receiving the drug for recurrent sustained VT and/or fibrillation (VF), 2.2% in 47 patients receiving the drug for chronic complex ventricular ectopic activity. Encainide-induced arrhythmias occurred 29.8 +/- 11.3 hours (range 17 to 48 hours) after starting chronic oral maintenance doses or after dose increases, or 1 to 2 hours after single large doses. Patients experiencing this adverse effect could not be distinguished from those who did not on the basis of encainide dose, degree of QRS widening, or clinical status. We recommend that patients with history of sustained VT or VF have encainide therapy started only in a hospital setting with continuous ECG monitoring and capabilities for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Dose changes should not be made more frequently than every 48 hours, and patients should not be discharged from the hospital until they have been on stable dose of encainide for a minimum of 48 hours. PMID- 6795910 TI - Inverse correlation between HDL apoproteins (A-I, A-II) and immunoglobulin (IgG) PMID- 6795911 TI - Electrophysiologic evaluation of encainide with use of monophasic action potential recording. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of encainide in the intact dog heart were evaluated with the use of monophasic action potential and His bundle recordings. Eight mongrel dogs were given 2.7 mg/kg body weight of encainide in two intravenous infusions. Plasma concentration, blood pressure, surface electrocardiogram, atrial and His bundle electrograms, right atrial and ventricular monophasic action potentials and the right atrial and ventricular effective and functional refractory periods were recorded before and 15 to 45 minutes after each infusion. Basic cycle length and A-H, H-V, QRS and Q-Tc intervals were significantly prolonged after administration of the drug. The refractory periods and the monophasic action potential durations were significantly increased in both the atrium and the ventricle although the increases were more pronounced in the atrium. It is concluded that encainide is a class I antiarrhythmic agent with properties very similar to those of quinidine. PMID- 6795912 TI - Augmentation of carotid flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation by ventilation at high airway pressure simultaneous with chest compression. PMID- 6795913 TI - Intravenous dipyridamole combined with isometric handgrip for near maximal acute increase in coronary flow in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - Twenty-four patients with coronary artery disease were studied during cardiac catheterization to determine the effects of sustained isometric handgrip exercise and intravenous dipyridamole and their combination on coronary and systemic hemodynamics and measured coronary luminal caliber. During 4 to 5 minutes of 25 percent maximal handgrip, blood pressure and heart rate increased 24 and 19 percent, respectively, coronary sinus flow increased to 1.7 x baseline value, and epicardial coronary arteries constricted to increase predicted flow resistance by 40 percent in 36 diseased arterial segments. After a 4 minute intravenous infusion of dipyridamole (0.56 mg/kg body weight), systemic pressure decreased 8 percent, heart rate increased 23 percent, coronary sinus flow increased to 2.4 x baseline value and coronary luminal caliber was unchanged. During isometric handgrip initiated 6 minutes after the infusion of dipyridamole, systemic pressure and heart rate increased to 14 and 31 percent, respectively, above control values, coronary sinus flow increased to 3.3 x baseline value (3.8 x baseline value in patients with normal anterior perfusion) and stenotic flow resistance increased by 36 percent. The response of coronary flow to the combined stresses was 68 percent greater than the response to dipyridamole alone (p less than 0.02); these flow levels exceed values previously reported for the human coronary circulation. Aminophylline plus nitroglycerin appears to assure patient safety. PMID- 6795914 TI - Safety and efficacy of short- and long-term verapamil therapy in children with tachycardia. PMID- 6795915 TI - Central and regional hemodynamic effects of intravenous isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in patients with congestive heart failure. PMID- 6795916 TI - Steady-state ascorbate metabolism in the monkey. PMID- 6795917 TI - Protein-energy nutritional status of pediatric cancer patients. AB - Surveys of protein-energy nutritional status were conducted in pediatric cancer outpatients (28) and inpatients (71). In the outpatients, the approximate prevalences of severe (greater than 40%) deviations of weight, triceps skinfold, and arm muscle area below the medians for height-age were respectively 0, 14, and 0%. In the inpatients, these prevalences were respectively 1, 20, and 6%. The percentages of inpatients with abnormally low (less than 5th percentile) weight for-height, triceps skinfold, and arm muscle area were 14, 14, and 20%, respectively. All inpatients with triceps skinfold or arm muscle area less than 60% of the median for height-age had corresponding percentile values of less than 15. PMID- 6795918 TI - Hypouricemia--a transient biochemical phenomenon of total parenteral nutrition. AB - A retrospective chart review of total parenteral nutrition identified several patients who developed hypouricemia. In order to study this phenomenon, seven patients were prospectively investigated during courses of total parenteral nutrition with serum and 24-h urine determinations of uric acid. In all seven patients, the serum uric acid level decreased, with the average fall being 3 mg/100 ml, then began to rise again. A uricosuric mechanism may have accounted for the reduced serum levels in one patient. The reduction in the serum uric acid in most patients is more likely related to a lowered rate of uric acid production. PMID- 6795919 TI - Amino acid intolerance during prolonged total parenteral nutrition reversed by molybdate therapy. PMID- 6795920 TI - Two cases of death associated with the use of lithium carbonate. AB - Two cases of death associated with the use of lithium carbonate are described. The first one concerns a 39-year-old man who was found suddenly dead on his hospital bed. Toxicologic analysis revealed "therapeutic" levels of lithium, nitrazepam, flurazepam, and phenobarbital. The second case involves a 54-year-old woman initially treated for acute cardiac failure and hypertension, who was finally recognized as a case of lithium intoxication; she died of cardiac arrest without evident cardiac lesions and without lithium ions in serum and urine. The medicolegal aspects of both cases are discussed, with reference to the problems of diagnosis, clinical and toxicological correlations, and the medical responsibility. PMID- 6795921 TI - The relationship between aminopyrine breath test and severity of liver disease in cirrhosis. AB - Twenty-two patients with cirrhosis were evaluated by the 2 hr.-(C14)-aminopyrine breath test, the conventional liver tests and two systems for grading the severity of liver disease. Twenty-three patients with noncirrhotic liver disease and 15 controls were also studied. Reduced 14CO2 values were found in 21 of the 22 cirrhotic patients and seven of those had noncirrhotic liver disease associated with severe functional reserve impairment. The values in patients with minor liver diseases or cholestasis were normal. In the cirrhotic patients 2 hr. (C14)-aminopyrine breath test scores correlated with prothrombin time, retention of bromosulfalein, fasting serum bile acid, albumin, bilirubin, serum aspartate aminotransferase and, above all, with the scores of the two clinical rating systems. The 2 hr.-(C14)-aminopyrine breath test was superior to conventional tests in quantifying the degree of hepatic functional reserve and forecasting the prognosis. PMID- 6795922 TI - Immune complexes in hemophilia. AB - Circulating immune complexes (ICs), assayed by the L1210 enzyme-linked immunoassay, were detected in 48% of patients with hemophilia. A, 50% of patients with von Willebrand's disease, and in none of our patients with hemophilia B. Eighty-five % of the hemophilia A and B patients had mild to moderate disease with only one patient demonstrating a circulating inhibitor. No correlation was found between IC levels and hepatitis B infection, SGOT, disease severity, total quantity of factor VIII or IX infused, time interval from list infusion, or rheumatoid factor positivity. Although the nature of the ICs is not known, the similarity of IC levels between hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease is discussed with regard to antibodies generated to non-procoagulant portions of the factor VIII molecule. PMID- 6795923 TI - Stability of amino acids and the availability of acid in total parenteral nutrition solutions containing hydrochloric acid. AB - The stability of amino acids and the availability of acid from total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions containing hydrochloric acid were studied. Hydrochloric acid in the concentrations of 40 (TPN 1), 60 (TPN 2), and 100 (TPN 3) meq/liter was added to TPN solutions (4.25% amino acids, 25% dextrose monohydrate) containing various electrolytes (TPN control). Amino acid concentrations were determined from one sample of each solution using a Technicon Automatic Amino Acid Analyzer. Samples were analyzed 24 hours after mixing and compared with the TPN control at 24 hours. Tryptophan was assayed using a specific colorimetric assay at 0, 6, 24, and 48 hours. The concentrations of proline (76.2 of control) and histidine (85.7% of control) wee decreased in TPN 3. This phenomenon appeared to be dependent upon the concentration of hydrochloric acid in the TPN solution. There was no appreciable loss of any of the other amino acids in the test solution as compared with the control. Tryptophan levels fell in both the TPN control and the test solutions independent of the hydrochloric acid concentration. The pH of the solutions decreased with increasing concentrations of hydrochloric acid from 5.87 in the TPN control to 3.18 in TPN 3. The titratable acidity increased with increasing concentrations of hydrochloric acid (28.21 meq/liter in the TPN control to 115.54 meq/liter in TPN 3). Concentrations of some amino acids decreased in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Because of the short-time period in which these solutions will usually be infused (4-24 hours), this probably has a negligible effect on patients' nutritional therapy. The availability of acid from these solutions makes this combination useful in treating severe metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6795924 TI - Intravenous solution compatibility and filter-retention characteristics of trace element preparations. AB - The compatibility of recently published AMA formulations of the four trace element injections (zinc, copper, chromium, and manganese) with a representative total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formulation and commonly used intravenous solutions was evaluated in glass and plastic containers. The effect of in-line filtration on trace-element concentration was also studied. Individual metal-ion concentrations, pH, color, and clarity were measured at 0-, 12-, 24-, and 48-hour intervals following mixture in TPN, 5% dextrose injection, 0.9% sodium chloride injection, and 8.5% amino acid injection (Travasol, Travenol Laboratories). Multiple trace elements were studied in one-liter glass bottles of 5% dextrose and 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Trace-element contaminants were measured in the intravenous solutions and trace-element injections. The four trace-element preparations were added individually and in combination to the solutions in plastic or glass containers. The trace-element admixtures were passed through in line i.v. filters (IVEX-2, Abbott Laboratories) during a three-hour period at controlled-flow rates. Concentrations of trace elements remained within 99% confidence limits in all i.v. solutions, with both individual trace elements and combinations of the four trace elements. Trace-element concentrations did not change when the admixtures were passed through the in-line filter unit. It is concluded that there are no obvious compatibility problems associated with admixture nor any detectable retention by the i.v. filter of trace elements. PMID- 6795925 TI - Reversal of progressive, life-threatening gold hypersensitivity pneumonitis by corticosteroids. AB - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis secondary to gold therapy has been described in only a limited number of patients. The clinical presentation is variable and optimal therapy is not well established. Two patients presenting with life-threatening respiratory insufficiency that progressed despite discontinuation of gold therapy are described. Dramatic improvement occurred following corticosteroid administration. Review of previously reported cases shows corticosteroid therapy to be efficacious. Patients with gold hypersensitivity pneumonitis may have a fulminant course and many require corticosteroids for relief. PMID- 6795926 TI - Cancer of the bladder; a case history. PMID- 6795927 TI - Metabolic cooperativity between epithelial cells and adipocytes of mice. AB - We have demonstrated that glycogen and lipid synthesis in adipocytes is modulated by the lactational state and that this modulation in mammary adipocytes requires the presence of the adjacent epithelial cells. Glycogen and lipid synthesis from [14C]glucose was measured in mammary fat pads cleared of epithelium, in abdominal fat pads, and in adipocytes from both sources and from intact mammary gland of mature virgin, pregnant, and lactating mice. Accumulation of glycogen, the activity of glycogen synthase, and the lipogenic rate in abdominal and mammary adipocytes remained high during pregnancy but decreased to insignificant levels by early lactation. The depressant effects of lactation were observed solely in those mammary adipocytes isolated from intact glands. The presence of mammary epithelial cells was also required to effect the stimulated lipogenesis in mammary adipocytes during pregnancy, We conclude that the metabolic activity of adipocytes is modulated both during pregnancy and lactation to channel nutrients to the mammary epithelial cell. The fact that the changes occur in mammary adipocytes only when epithelial cells are present indicates that local as well as systemic factors are operating in these modulations. PMID- 6795929 TI - Importance of cholinergic innervation of the pancreas for glucose tolerance in the rat. AB - Because cholinergic innervation of the pancreas is of importance in control of oral glucose tolerance, it seems important to determine whether transplanted pancreatic tissue becomes reinnervated with cholinergic fibers. Oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT) were performed with and without atropine treatment on streptozotocin-diabetic rats treated by intraportal transplantation of isogenic islets 13-15 wk previously and on sham-operated nondiabetic controls. Atropine had no effect on the ivGTT of transplanted rats or controls. In controls atropine caused a deterioration of the oral glucose tolerance, abolished the preabsorptive insulin release, and also diminished the early part of the glucose-induced insulin release in these animals. In the absence of atropine, transplanted rats had pathological oral glucose tolerance, preabsorptive insulin release was absent, and glucose-induced insulin release was diminished compared to controls. Atropine had little effect on the oral GTT of transplanted rats. The present results underline the importance of the vagus nerve in the control of oral glucose tolerance and show that the vagus nerve in rats, at least under these experimental conditions, does not modulate the insulin response to intravenous glucose. The results suggest that intraportally transplanted islets remain functionally vagotomized. PMID- 6795928 TI - Mechanism of activation of isolated rabbit aorta by PGH2 analogue U-44069. AB - The effects of a stable analogue of PGH2 on 45Ca fluxes and tension were studied in the isolated rabbit aorta. U-44069 produced maximal tension responses at a concentration of 10(-7) M. The analogue increased smooth muscle Ca2+ content and increased the unidirectional 45Ca influx. U-44069 also induced contractions of reduced magnitude in the absence of external Ca2+ and caused a transient stimulation of 45Ca efflux, suggesting that the analogue releases intracellularly bound Ca2+. Both the contractile response in CA2+-free media and the stimulation of 45Ca efflux were greatly attenuated by prior exposure to norepinephrine. The analogue-induced contractions in Ca2+-free media were also prevented by prior exposure to histamine but not angiotensin II. D-600 completely blocked the U 44069-induced gain in calcium content (IC50 = 10(-6) M) but inhibited the contractile response by only 40%. It was concluded that the PGH2 analogue activates rabbit aorta by activating a CA2+ influx pathway and releasing a fraction of the intracellular Ca2+ pool that is sensitive to norepinephrine and other agonists. PMID- 6795930 TI - Reversible hyperinsulinuria in diabetic ketoacidosis in man. AB - Urinary clearance and fractional urinary clearance of immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and beta 2-microglobulin (I beta 2M) were studied in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before, during, and after treatment. Our results indicate that in DKA in man a) there is an approximate 250-fold increase in urinary and fractional urinary clearance of IRI and a 600-fold increase in urinary and fractional urinary I beta 2M clearance, which suggests that the hyperinsulinuria is secondary to a nonspecific defect in tubular luminal uptake of low-molecular weight proteins, although decreased IRI degradation cannot be excluded; b) because increased IRI clearance is not changed by the pharmacologic plasma IRI levels achieved, the residual tubular absorptive capacity is not saturable; c) I beta 2M clearance but not IRI clearance is significantly improved by the time metabolic control is attained, suggesting separate tubular transport systems; d) a small, therapeutically insignificant fraction of the infused insulin is lost in the urine during therapy of DKA; and e) defective renal tubular luminal uptake (and possibly degradation) of IRI is reversible. PMID- 6795931 TI - Mineralocorticoid activity of 19-nor-DOC and 19-OH-DOC in toad bladder. AB - Adrenal enucleation is followed by a period of increased sodium reabsorption thought to be due to excess mineralocorticoid activity. However, it has not been demonstrated that increased production of any known mineralocorticoid accounts for this antinatriuresis. Recently, 19-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (19-OH-DOC) was found in incubates of regenerating adrenal capsules 3-4 days postenucleation and 19-nordeoxycorticosterone (19-nor-DOC) was identified in the urine of rats with regenerating adrenals. Because it was possible that these hormones might play a role in the sodium retention after adrenal enucleation, we compared the mineralocorticoid activity of these steroids to aldosterone using the toad bladder. Using short-circuit current as a measure of sodium transport, we found that 19-OH-DOC (10(-8) M) had no significant effect on sodium transport. However, 19-nor-DOC (10(-8) M) increased sodium transport to a degree not different from aldosterone (10(-8) M). Furthermore, the onset of action, duration of activity, and inhibition of effect of 19-nor-DOC by spironolactone were not different from that of aldosterone. We conclude that 19-nor-DOC exhibits a significant effect on sodium transport and thus has the potential to play a role in the sodium retention following adrenal enucleation. Under the conditions of these studies, 19-OH-DOC exhibited no effect on sodium transport. PMID- 6795932 TI - Increased fluid absorption and cell volume in isolated rabbit proximal straight tubules after in vivo DOCA administration. AB - To investigate whether mineralocorticoids affect the intrinsic capacity of the proximal tubule to absorb sodium and fluid, rabbits were chronically treated a number of ways to systematically vary plasma concentrations of mineralocorticoid hormones. The rate of fluid absorption and tubule dimensions were measured in superficial S2 segments from these rabbits. Chronic administration of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) was associated with a 67% increase in fluid absorption and a 29% increase in cell volume per unit tubule length. However, neither adrenalectomy nor low sodium diet significantly affected either fluid absorption or cell volume. Furthermore, marked dietary sodium restriction prevented the response to DOCA. We conclude that the DOCA-induced increases in fluid absorption and cell volume do not result from a direct stimulation of the proximal tubular cells by the steroid but more likely are responses to systemic effects of DOCA administration that are dependent on the level of sodium intake. Thus, we find no evidence for a direct mineralocorticoid stimulation of sodium and fluid transport by the S2 portion of the proximal tubule. PMID- 6795934 TI - Prior mannitol and furosemide infusion in a model of ischemic acute renal failure. AB - Tubular transport abnormalities have recently been characterized in a rabbit model of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF). These studies demonstrated severe observable morphologic and functional changes in the proximal nephron together with functional changes in the distal nephron. Tubular debris was often produced by perfusion of proximal nephron segments. In the present study, agents used to prevent ARF were tested in this rabbit model of ARF. Rabbits were infused with either 5% body wt 5% manitol or 20 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 furosemide in 5% body wt normal saline for the 60 min preceding 60 min of total renal ischemia. Mannitol 1) prevented the development of ARF, 2) maintained fluid reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) (0.59 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.52 +/- 0.1 nl . mm-1 . min-1) and proximal straight tubule (PST) (0.34 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.39 +/- 0.07 nl . mm-1 . min-1), 3) depressed NaCl reabsorption in the cortical thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TALH), and 4) did not prevent a decrease in ADH-mediated osmotic water flow in the cortical collecting tubule (CCT). Furosemide 1) partially preserved renal function, 2) partially protected the PCT (0.63 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.38 +/- 0.04 nl . mm-1 . min-1) and PST (0.32 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.22 +/- 0.02 nl . mm-1 . min-1), and 3) did not change the transport capacity of the TALH or the ADH response of the CCT. Preservation of proximal nephron integrity was also reflected by the absence of debris formation. There is a direct relation between an agent's ability to protect the functional integrity of the cells of the proximal nephron and its ability to preserve renal function. PMID- 6795933 TI - Altered PGE2 and PGF2 alpha production by glomeruli and papilla of sodium depleted and sodium-loaded rats. AB - Prostaglandin (PG) E2 and F2 alpha synthesis by isolated glomeruli and papillary homogenates prepared from control, salt-loaded, and salt-depleted rats was measured in vitro with and without added arachidonic acid using specific radioimmunoassays. Glomeruli from salt-depleted rats synthesized less PGE2 and more PGF2 alpha than glomeruli from control rats under both conditions. The effect of sodium restriction could be attributed to stimulation of glomerular 9 keto-PGE2 reductase activity unrelated to a change in the concentration of this enzyme. High salt diet had no effect on PG synthesis by glomeruli. Papillary homogenates prepared from salt-loaded rats synthesized more PGE2 than those from control rats both with and without added arachidonic acid. This finding suggests an effect of high salt diet at a stage further than phospholipid deacylation. Low salt diet had no effect on PG synthesis by papillary homogenates. The physiological control of PG synthesis in response to changes in the NaCl content of the diet is, therefore, different for the glomeruli and the papilla. PMID- 6795935 TI - Sites of carbonic anhydrase in avian gastric mucosa identified by electron microscope autoradiography. AB - Carbonic anhydrase was localized at the ultrastructural level by autoradiography of [3H]acetazolamide in quail gastric mucosa. Grains were associated predominantly with mucin granules at the apical end of surface mucosal cells. Secreted mucin was also labeled. Oxynticopeptic cells of the multilobular glands were not labeled. The pH of fluid secreted by was 7.0-7.4 compared with a pH of 1.3-1.8 of freshly secreted fluid in the gastric lumen. The results of this study suggest that surface mucosal cells, which are strikingly similar in birds, amphibians, and mammals, are the site of acid secretion in the vertebrate stomach. PMID- 6795936 TI - Conservation of mannitol, lactulose, and raffinose by the human colon. AB - We measured fecal composition after giving oral doses of mannitol, lactulose, or raffinose to ileostomy patients and to normal subjects in order to determine the colon's capacity for metabolizing these carbohydrates and to decide whether volatile fatty acids (VFA) or unabsorbed carbohydrate initiated diarrhea. Seventy four percent of mannitol, 100% of lactulose, and 88% of raffinose passed unabsorbed through the small intestine of six patients with ileostomies. Dose response experiments revealed that normal subjects could tolerate 120-220 mmol of mannitol, 73-146 mmol of lactulose, or 80 mmol of raffinose before fecal output of water exceeded 400 ml in 48 h or before test carbohydrate appeared in the stool. Mannitol could be metabolized to glucose; lactulose to fructose, galactose, and glucose; and raffinose to sucrose, melibiose, fructose, galactose, and glucose. The output of VFA in fecal water did not correlate with the moles of carbohydrate metabolized, and it did not greatly exceed the output of VFA in stools of equal volume that were induced by nonfermentable MgSO4. We conclude that the human colon is capable of removing appreciable amounts of single doses of these carbohydrates from fecal water. When this capacity is exceeded, unabsorbed carbohydrate rather than VFA prompts an increased output of fecal water. PMID- 6795937 TI - Intestinal secretion of mucin in chronically reserpine-treated rats. AB - Intestinal glycoprotein synthesis and secretion were measured in vivo and in vitro in rats treated for 7 days with reserpine. Goblet cell mucin was measured by radioimmunoassay. Reserpine-treated rats contained 1.4 times more mucin in intestinal tissue than control rats (P less than 0.05) and incorporated [1 14C]glucosamine in vivo at 1.52 times the rate of controls (P less than 0.01). Intestinal slices incubated for 90 min in vivo incorporated 1.4 times more [14C]glucosamine (P less than 0.001) and 3.0 times more [3H]threonine (P less than 0.01) into protein of reserpine-treated tissue than controls. The extra 14C was localized to mucin and to smaller components that had affinity for Concanavalin-A-Sepharose, did not bind to mucin antibody, and were therefore nonmucin glycopeptides. In vitro secretion of mucin was three times greater for reserpine-treated tissue than for control tissue (P less than 0.0001). There was an impairment in the mucin secretory response of reserpine-treated tissue to the addition of cholera toxin. Thus, chronic reserpine treatment results primarily in a generalized increase in the rate of intestinal glycoprotein synthesis, subsequent accumulation in tissues, and an increased (but not fully proportional) secretion of mucin. We speculate that in cystic fibrosis a similar sequence of glycoprotein abnormalities may be responsible for the gradual obliteration of exocrine gland ducts with viscous mucus. PMID- 6795938 TI - Hydrostatic forces limit swelling of rat ventricular myocardium. AB - To study ventricular cellular volume regulation when cell membranes and ion pumps cannot prevent swelling, rat ventricular sections were incubated in modified Krebs-Henseleit solutions in which 1) potassium was substituted for sodium, ion for ion; or 2) sodium chloride was reduced to decrease osmolarity to 228, 171, or 114 mosM. Ventricular water, [3H]inulin and [3H]mannitol spaces, potassium, sodium, chloride, and protein contents, and resting transmembrane potentials were measured. Increases in ventricular cellular volume were less than 30% in potassium-substituted and extremely dilute media (114 mosM), in contrast to increases of over 100% in identically treated renal cortical slices. In potassium substituted solution, the fluid gained by ventricular cells during incubation was hypertonic with respect to the bathing medium. In dilute solution (171 and 114 mosM), ventricular, cellular, and extracellular osmolarities equilibrated only after substantial losses of cellular ions had occurred. These findings support the existence of mechanical limitations to ventricular cellular swelling, which may be caused by a unique network of interstitial collagen present in ventricular myocardium. PMID- 6795940 TI - Metabolic contribution of CO2 to the "group effect". AB - Metabolic rates (VCO2) were determined in 22 mice. Subsequently 11 of the mice were placed into separate metabolic chambers. Each chamber was connected to one other metabolic chamber containing one mouse. The metabolic rates of the 11 "donor" and the 11 "'recipient" mice were measured. Afterwards the direction of airflow was reversed so that the previous donor became the recipient mouse and the previous recipient became the donor. Again VCO2 was measured. When the mice were donors, VCO2 = 2.75 +/- 1.0 ml CO2 . g-1 . h-1, whereas when recipients, VCO2 = 1.9 +/- 1.0 ml CO2 . g-1 . h-1 (P less than 0.01). Eleven of the mice were then made anosmic using an intranasal instillation of 5% ZnSO4. Anosmia was confirmed behaviorally. The metabolic rates of the anosmic and control mice were again determined when each was a donor and a recipient. VCO2 dropped from 3.1 to 1.8 ml CO2 . g-1 . h-1 from donor status to recipient status. Finally, VCO2 was determined when all 22 mice were exposed to 0.05% CO2 or 0.2% CO2 in air (the level of CO2 in the exhaust air of donor mice). VCO2 dropped from 3.0 +/- 0.38 on 0.05% CO2 to 1.7 +/- 1.01 on 1.01 ml CO2 . g-1 . h-1 on 0.2% CO2 in the anosmic group and from 2.9 +/- 0.29 to 1.91 +/- 0.51 ml CO2 . g-1 . h-1 in the control group when exposed to the same gases. These experiments suggest that the airborne factor emanating from the donor chambers was acting systematically and not via the olfactory system. This factor may be a low level of CO2. PMID- 6795939 TI - Reversibility of abnormal arterial baroreflex control of heart rate in heart failure. AB - The reversibility of the abnormalities in arterial baroreceptor control of heart rate in heart failure was examined in an experimental model of canine high-output biventricular failure produced by an arteriovenous fistula that could be later surgically corrected by ligation. Marked attenuation of arterial baroreceptor control of heart rate in response to both hypertensive and hypotensive stimuli was seen in this model of heart failure. After surgical correction the heart rate response to a hypertensive stimulus did not return to normal but remained severely blunted for up to 8 mo of follow-up. The lack of reversibility after surgical correction suggests that permanent structural changes in arterial baroreceptors may occur after heart failure of short duration. PMID- 6795941 TI - Baroreceptor control of heart rate in the conscious toad Bufo marinus. AB - Perivascular balloons were used to elicit heart rate (HR) responses to imposed changes in mean arterial pressure (Pa) in conscious unrestrained toads (Bufo marinus). It is clear that functional baroreceptors lie in the pulmocutaneous arteries of B. marinus, and that these can elicit compensatory heart rate responses to perturbations of blood pressure. Functional baroreceptors were not present in the carotid circulation and are probably absent from the lateral aortae and conus arteriosus as well. Normalized gain of the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex (delta HR%/delta Pa) in five toads was 13%/kPa, which is considerably less than that found in other vertebrates to date. PMID- 6795942 TI - Pyeloureteral dynamics in the intact and chronically obstructed multicalyceal kidney. AB - The transport of urine in the upper urinary tract of the multicalyceal kidney was studied in healthy and chronically obstructed pigs in terms of renal pelvic pressure, rate of and coordination of ureteral contractions, and bolus volume. The variations of these parameters to diuresis was examined by incremental elevation of urine output effected by intravenous infusion of mannitol. In 16 healthy animals the mean variation in urine flow was 0.01-3.20 ml/min, the change in peristaltic rate ranged from 0.763 to 5.125 min-1, and bolus volume from 0.003 to 2.083 ml.. In 14 chronically obstructed kidneys, for a mean variation in urine flow of 0.006-5.4 ml/min, peristaltic rate ranged from 0.237 to 6.095 min-1 and bolus volume from 0.00 to 1.80 ml. Discoordinated contractions, bursts of peristalsis, and incompletely transmitted pelvic contractions were characteristic of a chronically obstructed system. These observations are compared with the unobstructed unicalyceal and multicalyceal kidney. The disrupting impact of chronic ureteral obstruction on the hierarchical organization of the pyeloureteral pacemaker system is discussed. PMID- 6795943 TI - Psychological sequelae of brain damage in children. AB - The author reviews the empirical evidence on the psychological sequelae of brain damage in childhood, concluding that brain injury causes a markedly increased risk in both intellectual impairment and psychiatric disorder. The risk is related to the severity of the brain damage, but there is little indication of locus effects. Psychiatric disorder is probably most likely to occur when there is abnormal neurophysiological activity; to some extent it may be influenced by the nature of the basic medical condition. Psychiatric consequences of brain injury are also substantially affected by the child's pre-injury behavior, psychosocial circumstances, and cognitive level. However, there are few psychological sequelae that are specific to brain damage. PMID- 6795944 TI - Hyperthyroidism and propylthiouracil-induced agranulocytosis during chronic lithium carbonate therapy. AB - The authors describe the case of a 49-year-old woman who developed a goiter, mild symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and grossly elevated thyroid function tests after 2 years of treatment with lithium carbonate. Thyroid microsomal autoantibodies were also present. She was retreated with propylthiouracil and improved, but within 3 months she developed agranulocytosis. Propylthiouracil was discontinued, and the patient was treated with antibiotics and recovered. She was then given 131I to control her hyperthyroidism. The case is an example of the rare association of hyperthyroidism with lithium, which usually suppresses thyroid function, and demonstrates that lithium carbonate cannot prevent agranulocytosis caused by propylthiouracil. PMID- 6795945 TI - "On-off" syndrome treated with lithium carbonate: a case report. AB - The authors describe a 42-year-old man who developed "on-off" episodes and for whom lithium carbonate proved an effective treatment. They speculate that the predominant effect of lithium in the "on-off" syndrome is to prevent L-dopa desensitization of the dopamine receptor. PMID- 6795946 TI - Effect of bile acid gavage or vagotomy and pyloroplasty on gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. AB - Possible promotion of MNNG-induced gastrointestinal carcinogenicity was evaluated in male Wistar rats exposed to unconjugated bile acid given as gavage or as obtained through truncal vagotomy plus pyloroplasty. No significant difference was found compared with the relevant control groups. Even though gastroduodenal erosions were found more frequently in the bile acid gavage and MNNG groups than in MNNG-treated controls, secondary deconjugated bile acids apparently did not reach optimal promoting concentrations. In contrast to partial gastrectomy, vagotomy and pyloroplasty does not increase the tumor yield in the rat. PMID- 6795947 TI - The continuing clinical enigma of duodenal diverticulum. AB - Seventy-one cases of duodenal diverticula were reviewed. Fifty-four or 76 percent were associated with symptoms of varying severity. Forty (74 percent) of the symptoms were considered serious. These included bleeding, severe abdominal pain, weight loss, chills, fever and jaundice, and evidence of right upper quadrant peritonitis. Nineteen patients were operated on and gallstones were found in 12. Multiple operative procedures because of recurring symptoms characterized the entire series. Relief of symptoms was achieved only in those who had diverticulectomy or a sidetracking operation. The difficulties of identifying this lesion as the source of the patient's symptoms and the indications for its removal are emphasized. PMID- 6795948 TI - [Characteristics of the hormonal correlations in the return of the menstrual cycle in women following labor]. PMID- 6795949 TI - [Diagnostic value of hormonal functional tests in secondary amenorrhea of central origin]. PMID- 6795950 TI - [Prolactin, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone content in the blood in sexual infantilism]. PMID- 6795951 TI - [Modified Liley method of spectrophotometric analysis of the amniotic fluid in Rh immunized pregnancy]. PMID- 6795952 TI - [FSH, LH, estradiol and testosterone studies of the blood serum in endometriosis externa]. PMID- 6795953 TI - [Gonadotropin hormone secretion response to synthetic LH releasing hormone in women with obesity]. PMID- 6795954 TI - [Hormonal treatment of idiopathic male infertility]. PMID- 6795956 TI - Practical benefit-cost analysis for alcoholism programs. PMID- 6795955 TI - Cyclic neutropenia. A tale of two brothers and their family. AB - A family history encompassing four generations is presented. Definite cyclic neutropenia has been noted in two generations. In one member, the symptoms abated as she grew older. One 12-year-old member died of clostridial septicemia secondary to gangrene of the terminal ileum. At autopsy he was found to have amyloidosis. A trial of lithium carbonate therapy was carried out in a 7-year-old male but a positive hematologic response was not obtained. PMID- 6795957 TI - An enzyme immunoassay for human follicle-stimulating hormone. PMID- 6795958 TI - Determination of dipicolinic acid by high-pressure liquid chromatography. PMID- 6795959 TI - Anti-poly(L).poly(C) antibody bound to cellulose and its use in the specific separation of double-stranded RNAs. PMID- 6795961 TI - A fluorimetric assay for available lysine in proteins. PMID- 6795960 TI - Tissue folylpolyglutamate chain-length characterization by electrophoresis as thymidylate synthetase-fluorodeoxyuridylate ternary complexes. PMID- 6795962 TI - A calcium-stat method for the measurement of calcium transport rates in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 6795963 TI - A simple and rapid electrophoretic method for the separation of glucuronic acid and iduronic acid. PMID- 6795964 TI - Calibration line determination of an heterologous antigen in radial immunodiffusion. PMID- 6795965 TI - The use of iodinated lectins for determining the degree of deglycosylation of high-mannose glycoproteins by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. PMID- 6795966 TI - The use of a tritium release assay to measure 6-N-trimethyl-L-lysine hydroxylase activity: synthesis of 6-N-[3-3H]trimethyl-DL-lysine. PMID- 6795967 TI - Determination of lipoic acid in chick livers and chicken eggs during incubation. PMID- 6795968 TI - An efficient method for in vitro labeling proteins to high specific radioactivity using 3H-NaBH4 in dimethylformamide. PMID- 6795969 TI - Identification of iodotyrosines and some iodothyronines as dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoin derivatives. Application to the sequencing of iodoamino acid containing peptides. PMID- 6795970 TI - A sensitive assay of galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase by high-performance liquid chromatography using galactosyl-N-dansyl-sphingosine as substrate. PMID- 6795971 TI - The development of enamel structure in rat incisors as compared to the teeth of monkey and man. AB - The rat incisor is an excellent model system in which to study amelgenesis. However, the information obtained has not been extrapolated to the human because of alleged structural differences between the teeth. The obvious differences include continuous eruption in rat incisors and an enamel rod pattern in rats which seemingly differs from the keyhole pattern of human enamel. A comprehensive analysis was made of those features of enamel structure considered fundamental to the understanding of its formation. This was done by applying the knowledge of amelogenesis obtained in rat incisors to the teeth of monkey and man. The following points of basic similarity were established between these species: (1) Interrod enamel is secreted first. It forms the side walls of cavities which are initially occupied by Tomes' processes. (2) The formation of interrod cavities is followed by deposition of enamel rods within these spaces. (3) The rods conform to the shape of the cavities and are secreted from one surface of Tomes' process. (4) At the initial site of rod deposition its enamel is continuous with the interrod enamel wall. (5) Growth of the rod compresses the process to one side of the cavity resulting in an arcade-shaped "space" between the rod and the remaining interrod walls. This study demonstrates that it is no longer necessary to postulate a keyhole structure for primate enamel, and it has established that a fundamental similarity exists in the basic structure and in the mode of formation of enamel in all three species. PMID- 6795972 TI - Some effects of protein-calorie undernutrition on the developing central nervous system of the rat. AB - Some effects of undernutrition were noted in the brains of 21-day-old pups undernourished from birth by being reared by nursing dams fed on a low protein diet. As compared to the normally fed control pups, the body weight, brain weight, and thickness of the parietal neocortex and paravermal cerebellar cortex were significantly lower in the undernourished pups (p less than 0.001), while the thickness of the cortices of the dentate gyrus and hippocampus CA3 only reached significance at the 5% level. Again, as compared to the control pups, the number of spines per unit length on the distal dendritic segments of the pyramidal cells of lamina III of the parietal neocortex and of the hippocampus CA3 reached significance at the 5% level whereas that of the granule cells of dentate gyrus and Purkinje cells of the paravermis did not reach significance at the 5% level. The myelination of the pyramidal tract and spinal trigeminal tract in the lower medulla was less advanced in the undernourished pups. To date, the demonstration of precise functional correlates for the observed changes of morphological and physiological parameters in animals subjected to undernutrition has been elusive. An approach that may lead to unraveling this problem is suggested in a discussion of relating sources of input to the specific dendritic segments where the spine counts were made. PMID- 6795973 TI - Hypothermia plus thiopental: prolonged electroencephalographic suppression. AB - Duration of EEG suppression was compared to three groups of patients undergoing hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) at 25-30 degrees C under halothane nitrous oxide anesthesia. Group I (n = 8) received three doses of thiopental (8 mg/kg i.v.): 1) for induction of anesthesia, 2) immediately after the institution of CPB, and 3) just after emergence from CPB. Group II (n = 5) received no thiopental. Group III (n = 4) received thiopental, 8 mg/kg administered intravenously, during CPB only. An unexpectedly prolonged duration of EEG suppression (26.1 min) was noticed in Group I patients with thiopental and hypothermia in combination, as compared with 4.8 min of suppression in Group II patients during hypothermic CPB without thiopental. To rule out a possible cumulative effect of thiopental administration, Group III patients were studied. With only a single dose of thiopental, administered during CPB, 29.3 min of EEG suppression was noticed. Mild cardiovascular depression occurred with thiopental administration during induction of anesthesia, whereas mild-to-moderate depression was associated with thiopental administration following emergence from CPB. It appears that thiopental and hypothermia, when administered in combination in modest doses during CPB, result in profound depression of cerebral electrical activity and presumably cerebral metabolism. PMID- 6795974 TI - Respiratory support and renal function. PMID- 6795975 TI - Intraoperative explosion: methane gas and diet. PMID- 6795976 TI - Costs of delivery of anesthetic gases re-examined. PMID- 6795977 TI - The place for albuterol aerosol in chronic obstructive airway disease: maximizing its use. PMID- 6795978 TI - Ventilation, respiratory center output, and contribution of the rib cage and abdominal components to ventilation during CO2 rebreathing in children with cystic fibrosis. AB - Although there has been extensive research into the control of breathing in adults with chronic obstructive lung diseases, there is little information in this area in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this study was to investigate the respiratory response of children with CF to CO2 under hyperoxic conditions. Using a standard CO2 rebreathing technique, we studied 14 children with CF. We evaluated their response to CO2 in terms of ventilation (VE), mean inspiratory flow rate (VT/TI), and the pressure generated at the mouth after 0.1 s of an inspiratory effort against an occlusion (P0.1). In order to understand the contributions of the rib cage and abdominal components to ventilation, we assessed the volume change in each compartment by attaching magnetometers to the chest and abdomen. Overall changes in lung volume were assessed in a volume displacement plethysmograph. We found that, when corrected for the height of the child, the slope of VE versus end tidal CO2 (PETCO2), as well as the slope of VT/TI versus PETCO2 correlated significantly with the degree of airway obstruction as expressed by the forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of vital capacity. The values for P0.1 were all within the normal range and showed no correlation with the degree of airway obstruction. The contribution of the rib cage and abdomen to ventilation during rebreathing was similar to that previously reported for adults. No changes were observed in functional residual capacity during rebreathing. We showed that tests involving a mechanical response to CO2 correlated with the degree of airway obstruction, but there was no evidence that the neuromuscular drive was abnormal. PMID- 6795979 TI - Effect of pharmacologic agents on antigen-induced decreases in specific lung conductance in sheep. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine the primary mediators responsible for the decrease in specific lung conductance (SGL) after airway challenge with Ascaris suum antigen in allergic sheep. On different occasions, separated by 10 to 14 days, pulmonary resistance and thoracic gas volume were measured in 5 sheep with Ascaris suum hypersensitivity before and for 2 h after a standard inhalation challenge with this antigen. Initially and at the end of the study, inhalation challenge decreased mean SGL to 38 and 44% of baseline, respectively. Pretreatment by intravenous injection of the H1 receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (2 mg/kg) completely prevented the antigen-induced decrease in SGL. Similar results were obtained with inhalation of the mediator release blocking agent, disodium cromoglycate (1 mg/kg), prior to antigen challenge. The decrease in SGL after inhalation challenge was not modified by pretreatment with the H2 receptor antagonist, metiamide (3 mg/kg), the anticholinergic agent, atropine (0.2 mg/kg), the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin (2 mg/kg) by intravenous injection, or with inhalation of FPL-55712 (1% solution), an antagonist of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A). We concluded that during allergic bronchoconstriction in sheep (1) the decrease in SGL is mediated by histamine via H1 receptors, (2) other liberated or activated mediators including SRS-A do not decrease SGL, and (3) cholinergic reflex mechanisms are not involved in this response. PMID- 6795980 TI - Diaphragmatic EMG and transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements with a single catheter. AB - A single gastroesophageal catheter was used for simultaneous measurements of diaphragmatic electromyogram (EMGdi), esophageal, and gastric pressures in 10 normal volunteers. The catheter consisted of 2 polyethylene tubes, each with an outer diameter of 1.70 mm and an inner diameter of 1.19 mm, 2 platinum wire coils, and esophageal and gastric latex balloons. In all subjects studied, the increase in EMGdi, quantified as the average rate of rise of inspiratory moving average activity, and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) were linearly related to the increase in end-tidal PCO2 during CO2 rebreathing (range of r, 0.88 to 0.99 and 0.85 to 0.99, respectively). The relation between changes in EMGdi and that of Pdi, mean inspiratory flow, and occlusion pressure were also linear (range of r, 0.83-0.99, 0.73-0.99, and 0.84-0.99, respectively), indicating reliable recordings of EMGdi and Pdi during CO2 rebreathing in upright normal humans. PMID- 6795982 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by disk-agar diffusion. AB - Using two different culture media we have determined, by the agar dilution method, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of five antibiotics against eighty strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and compared the results with those obtained with the disk-agar diffusion technique. With one medium, under defined conditions of inoculum, we found a close statistical correlation for penicillin G, cefotaxime, tetracycline and thiamphenicol with linear regression coefficients (r) ranging from --0.9457 to -0.7400 but not for spectinomycin (r = -0.2503). The technique described also allows easy detection of beta-lactamase-producing strains of gonococci. PMID- 6795981 TI - Serodiagnosis of tuberculosis by radioimmunoassay. AB - Mycobacteria antigens derived from whole cells and cell walls of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis (BCG) and soluble purified protein derivative (PPD) prepared from M. tuberculosis were used in solid phase radioimmunoassays to measure the amount of reactive IgG antibody in serums from 54 patients with active (culture-positive) tuberculosis (Group I), 6 patients with inactive (culture-negative) tuberculosis (Group II), 15 healthy subjects who were skin test positive to PPD (Group III), and 30 healthy persons who were PPD skin test negative (Group IV). Patients with active tuberculosis had statistically larger (p less than 0.001) amounts of IgG antibody to M. tuberculosis whole cells, cell walls, and PPD and to BCG whole cells and cell walls when compared with the amount of antibody in serums from healthy subjects who were PPD skin test negative. However, no significant differences were detected in the mean antibody response or frequency of positive antibody responses between patients with active disease and those in clinical remission. Moreover, significant amounts of antibody were detected in 7 to 20% of healthy, tuberculin-reactive subjects. On the basis of these results, it is unlikely that antibody assays alone will prove useful in the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 6795983 TI - [Survey of "Neisseria gonorrhoeae" sensitivity to antibiotics by dilution and diffusion methods using a new medium (author's transl)]. AB - Usual media are not convenient for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). An agar medium without haemoglobin and seric proteins (ABNG) is proposed. Using the dilution method with less fastidious bacteria, including Neisseria sp., MIC were identical on Mueller-Hinton agar and ABNG. By using diffusion techniques, the correlation was good between MIC and zone diameters; the density of inoculum for gonococci was 2 x 10(6) CFU/ml. Dilution and diffusion techniques were used for penicillin, ampicillin, thiamphenicol, tetracycline and spectinomycin. It appears that the diffusion technique with ABNG medium would simplify the antibiotic sensitivity survey for N. gonorrhoeae, dilution technique remaining the reference method. PMID- 6795985 TI - [Iracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. Report of three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6795986 TI - [Our current opinion of the use of the CO2 laser in minor skin surgery]. PMID- 6795984 TI - Third Louis H. Clerf Lecture: Legacies of Jefferson men to Japanese medicine. AB - The legacies of Jefferson men to Japanese medicine are portrayed in early and recent contacts: 1) Japanese physicians attended the Gross Clinic in 1860. The significant fact is that this was the very first visit made in over 240 years during which time Japan had been in self-imposed seclusion from foreign countries. 2) Dr. John C. Berry, a Jefferson alumnus, came to Japan in 1872 and served as a doctor, teacher, prison reformer, and founder of a hospital and a training school for nurses. He dedicated himself for 22 years to the service of religious and humanitarian fields in Japan. 3) A group of 104 Jeffersonians visited Japan in 1975, and programs of medical seminars, visits to hospitals and institutions were featured. 4) The influence of Drs. Chevalier Jackson and Louis H. Clerf contributed greatly toward development and growth of bronchoesophagology in Japan. A gratifying fact is that bronchoesophagology was legally sanctioned as a full-fledged specialty in 1953. PMID- 6795987 TI - Further structural studies of membrane-bound IgM heavy chain of normal mouse B lymphocytes and partial amino acid sequence in its C-terminal hydrophobic tail. AB - Comparative structural studies of membrane-bound (mu m) and secretory mu chains (mu s) obtained from normal mouse spleen B lymphocytes and plasma cells were performed on CNBr digests of biosynthetically labelled chains. The purified major CNBr fragments were further digested with trypsin or Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography. The data show that mu m and mu s chains exhibit a very similar if not identical polypeptide structure over most of the four constant domains (from position N151 through N551), but that, in contrast, the mu m-C-terminal tail is different from mu s and contains a very hydrophobic segment. A combination of proteolysis, hydrophobic absorption and partial N-terminal sequencing of the hydrophobic fragment of mu m revealed in this region of the molecule a portion of sequence in perfect agreement with the structure predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the corresponding cDNA. The sequence of the C-terminal residues of mu m, which is different from that of mu s, could not be established, because of an apparent heterogeneity of mu m chains probably due to a great susceptibility to proteolysis of their C-terminal extremity. PMID- 6795988 TI - Effects of dipropylacetate on brain development. AB - Dipropylacetate (DPA: valproic acid) is a new anticonvulsant reported to be effective in many types of seizures including those that occur early in life. This study describes the effects of chronic administration of DPA upon a developing organism. Four-day-old rat pups were injected daily with either 75 mg/kg DPA, 200 mg/kg DPA, or vehicle until day 18. Administration of DPA resulted in decreased body and organ weights, with the greatest reductions in the 200 mg/kg group. To control caloric intake, and additional experiment was conducted. Animals were injected with either vehicle or 200 mg/kg DPA. Each animal was implanted with a chronic intragastric cannula and fed through the cannula. The results of this experiment indicated that body and organ weights were the same for both vehicle and drug groups, except for brain. The animals receiving DPA had significant deficits of 12% in total brain weight and 22% in weight of the cerebellum. The data suggest that chronic administration of DPA early in life may have adverse consequences on brain growth. PMID- 6795990 TI - Detection and characterization of a new beta-conglycinin from soybean seeds. PMID- 6795989 TI - Minimal concentrations of aminoglycoside that can synergize with penicillin in enterococcal endocarditis. AB - Minimal concentrations of aminoglycoside that could produce a synergistic effect with penicillin were investigated in broth cultures containing 10(8) enterococci per ml, in vitro in vegetations infected with ca. 10(8) enterococci per g, and in vivo in an experimental model of enterococcal endocarditis. Penicillin G plus gentamicin (1.5 or 0.75 microgram/ml) sterilized a broth culture of a streptomycin-resistant strain (E1) at 48 h. In contrast, penicillin G plus gentamicin (1.5 or 0.75 microgram/ml) sterilized only 2 of 15 in vitro vegetations at 5 days. Similarly, doses of gentamicin that resulted in peak serum levels of 1.5 microgram/ml failed after 10 days of therapy with penicillin G plus gentamicin to sterilize in vivo vegetations infected with E1, and doses of gentamicin that resulted in peak serum levels of about 8 micrograms/ml sterilized four of six vegetations. Similar results were obtained with a streptomycin susceptible strain. These studies indicated that the rate of bactericidal activity in broth cultures is greater than the bacteriological response in infected vegetations and that aminoglycoside concentrations that appear efficacious on the basis of synergy studies in broth cultures may not be satisfactory clinically. PMID- 6795991 TI - Administration of isolated chicken L-gulonolactone oxidase to guinea pigs evokes ascorbic acid synthetic capacity. PMID- 6795992 TI - Hormones and liver mitochondria: effects of growth hormone and thyroxine on respiration, fluorescence of 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate and enzyme activities of complex I and II of submitochondrial particles. PMID- 6795993 TI - Role of NADPH and the NADPH-dependent methemoglobin reductase in the hydroxylase activity of human erythrocytes. PMID- 6795994 TI - Resealing to small solutes of white erythrocyte membranes after incubation with EDTA, Ca2+, salt, sucrose, phospholipase C. PMID- 6795995 TI - Selective inactivation of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 (c) reductase by diazotized 3 aminopyridine adenine dinucleotide phosphate. PMID- 6795996 TI - Purification of membrane-bound dopamine beta-monooxygenase from chromaffin granules: relation to soluble dopamine beta-monooxygenase. PMID- 6795997 TI - Hydrogen uptake by the nitrogen-starved cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica. PMID- 6795998 TI - Role of the carbohydrate moiety of phospholipase B from Penicillium notatum in enzyme activity. PMID- 6795999 TI - Studies on the stimulation of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity by dilauroylphosphatidylcholine. PMID- 6796000 TI - Purification and properties of D-galactose-binding lectins from some Erythrina species: comparison of properties of lectins from E. indica, E. arborescens, E. suberosa, and E. lithosperma. PMID- 6796001 TI - Diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivates swine pepsinogen by reaction at amino groups. PMID- 6796002 TI - Inhibition of the catecholase and cresolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase by azide. PMID- 6796003 TI - Chemical modification of coenzyme B12-dependent diol dehydrase with pyridoxal 5' phosphate: lysyl residue essential for interaction between two components of the enzyme. PMID- 6796004 TI - Formation of a carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate complex with ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and theoretical specific activity of the enzyme. PMID- 6796005 TI - Effects of vasopressin on fructose and glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes from fed and fasted rats. PMID- 6796006 TI - Testicular abnormalities in cod (Gadus morhua) fed Aroclor 1254. AB - Cod were fed herring containing Aroclor 1254, a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), at diet levels of 0, 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 microgram/g for a period of 5 1/2 months. Histological examinations of the gonads of surviving male fish revealed various testicular abnormalities in 9 of 17 PCB-fed fish but in none of four experimental control and four stock control fish. The abnormalities were observed in testes that were either at functional maturity or in a stage of rapid spermatogenic proliferation but not in testes that were sexually immature or regressed. The testicular abnormalities included disorganization of lobules and spermatogenic elements, inhibition of spermatogenesis, fibrosis of lobule walls, fatty necrosis, and, in one case, total disintegration of the elements in many lobules. There was a significant uptake of PCB by testicular and liver tissues of fish that were fed the higher levels (greater than 1 microgram/g) of Aroclor 1254. PMID- 6796007 TI - [Effect of a new synthetic C-nucleoside on the growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796008 TI - Antiprostaglandin synthetase activity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and gastrointestinal micro-bleeding: a comparison of flurbiprofen with benoxaprofen. AB - By using 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes and 141Ce-labelled microspheres to correct for daily variations in faecal output, gastrointestinal microbleeding was measured in hospital patients with rheumatoid arthritis before and after administration of 2 propionic acid derivatives. These were flurbiprofen and benoxaprofen, respectively a potent and a weak prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. Increased faecal blood loss occurred consistently with flurbiprofen and not with benoxaprofen. Our results provide indirect evidence for the cytoprotective effect of prostaglandins on the gastrointestinal mucosa in man. The quantitative correlation between faecal occult blood loss as measured by the above techniques and the Haemoccult slide test is also discussed. PMID- 6796009 TI - Biochemical indices of response to hydroxychloroquine and sodium aurothiomalate in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Biochemical and clinical changes have been monitored in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with either hydroxychloroquine or sodium aurothiomalate over a period of 6 months. Acute-phase reactants improved in both treatment groups, while serum sulphydryl and serum histidine improved only in the gold-treated patients. Correlation matrices were constructed from mean clinical and biochemical data at successive clinic visits. Correlations obtained with gold were more frequent and of a higher level of significance than those obtained with hydroxychloroquine at the doses we studied. This lends support to the use of correlation matrices as a screening test for potential long-term antirheumatoid activity of drugs in man. PMID- 6796010 TI - Influence of total parenteral nutrition on tissue lipoprotein lipase activity during chronic and acute illness. AB - This study examines the influence of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) compared with 5% dextrose (D5) infusion on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in nutritionally depleted, injured and infected patients. The plasma concentrations of glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), triglyceride and insulin were also measured. During TPN, nutritionally depleted subjects showed an increase in adipose tissue LPL activity, "fat cell size," and plasma insulin concentration. Skeletal muscle LPL activity and plasma FFA concentration decreased. In comparison, trauma patients showed a less marked rise in adipose tissue LPL activity and skeletal muscle LPL activity increased. Infected patients had a much smaller rise in adipose tissue LPL activity than either of the other groups, and muscle activity rose. The depleted and injured patients showed a linear relationship between adipose tissue LPL activity and plasma insulin concentration and an inverse hyperbolic relationship between adipose tissue LPL activity and plasma FFA concentration. PMID- 6796011 TI - Laser endoscopy. AB - A carbon dioxide laser operating in the invisible infrared range (10.6 mu) generates a beam of energy that is almost completely absorbed by biological tissue with release of intense heat and rapid destruction. A laser attached to a rigid bronchoscope has been used in 18 patients ranging in age from 21 to 62 years to treat a variety of causes of airway obstruction. These include tracheal stenosis and granulation tissue (6 patients), adenoma (1), web (2), and carcinoma (9). The results were good in 15 and poor in 3 patients. However, all patients had an improved airway after laser treatment with the best results occurring in patients with benign, inflammatory disease. The advantages of the laser are a lack of bleeding, minimal edema after treatment, and minimal scar formation. The disadvantages are the expense of the machine, and the need for general anesthesia and direct visualization of the lesion. PMID- 6796012 TI - The harmful effects of ventricular distention during postischemic reperfusion. AB - To assess the effects of left ventricular distention during the early reperfusion period following ischemic arrest, 16 canine heart preparations were subjected to 45 minutes of hypothermic (27 degree C) cardioplegic arrest and normothermic reperfusion. Isovolumic left ventricular developed pressure and rate of rise of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) were measured with an intraventricular balloon; endocardial/epicardial flow ratios were determined with microspheres; and myocardial gas tensions were monitored with mass spectrometry. During early reperfusion, Group 1 hearts (n = 8) were not distended (end-diastolic pressure = 0). Group 2 hearts (n = 8) were subjected to an enddiastolic pressure of 20 mm Hg for the initial 15 minutes of reperfusion. Group 2 hearts demonstrated impaired subendocardial blood flow after 5 minutes of reflow (0.75 +/- 0.06 vs 0.96 +/- 0.04, endocardial/epicardial flow rates, Group 2 vs Group 1) and persistent elevation of intramyocardial carbon dioxide (CO2) tension (68 +/- 4 vs 51 +/- 4 mm Hg, Group 2 vs Group 1). In addition, postischemic ventricular function was significantly worse in Group 2 hearts (60 +/- 7 vs 79 +/- 3% of control dP/dt, Group 2 vs Group 1, and 53 +/- 6 vs 81 +/- 5% of control left ventricular developed pressure, Group 2 vs Group 1). These data demonstrate that even mild distention during early reperfusion can result in reduced subendocardial perfusion and delayed washout of tissue CO2. Although myocardial blood flow and CO2 tension subsequently returned to normal in the distended hearts, left ventricular performance remained significantly depressed. This injury can occur clinically in nonvented hearts prior to the resumption of effective ventricular contraction. PMID- 6796013 TI - Chronic non-A, non-B liver disease. Need for diagnostic criteria and course definition. PMID- 6796015 TI - [Computed tomography of the thoracic canal --experimental and clinical studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796014 TI - Infusion intravenous pyelography and renal function. Effect of hypertonic mannitol in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. AB - In a previous prospective study, we reported that infusion intravenous pyelography (IVP) in 40 patients with chronic renal insufficiency resulted in acute renal failure (ARF) in 28 patients (70%). In an attempt to prevent this complication, we have evaluated the conditions of another group of 37 patients with chronic renal insufficiency treated in a similar manner except that each patient received 250 mL of 20% mannitol 60 minutes after infusion of the IVP dye (diatrizoate sodium, 300 mL of a 30% solution). These patients were similar to those in the previous study with regard to age, sex, renal function, and incidence of diabetes. Only eight (22%) of the 37 patients had ARF develop after infusion IVP in this study. This incidence was significantly lower compared with 70% in the previous study. We conclude that administration of hypertonic mannitol 60 minutes after administration of the radiographic contrast material is highly effective in preventing ARF after infusion IVP in patients with chronic renal insufficiency. PMID- 6796016 TI - [Genetic study for ossification of the spinal ligaments (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796017 TI - [A new radioisotopic method of studying local ejection fractions. Application to the study of abnormalities of left ventricular contraction]. AB - The authors describe a new method of segmental analysis of the left ventricle by equilibrium gamma cinecardiography. The left ventricle in the left anterior oblique projection was divided into 16 triangular sectors with reference to the centre of gravity of the radioactivity of the end diastolic frame. The following parameters were calculated for each sector (the spatial equivalent of a quarter of an orange): end diastolic, end systolic and ejection activity and the regional ejection fraction. The percentage of normal and asynergic regions was deduced. The end diastolic activity of regions with ejection fractions of over 0,47 was compared to the total end diastolic activity to obtain the percentages. This method of segmental division has the advantages of being completely automatic, based entirely on an objective reference calculated by computer and of giving very reproductible quantitative results. The clinical applications in a series of I400 patients examined by this method were numerous (the detection of dyskinesia in acute myocardial infarction). It was particularly useful in chronological and follow-up studies (exercise scintigraphy before and after glyceryl trinitrite). PMID- 6796018 TI - [Quantitative semi-automatic analysis of the M mode echocardiogram]. PMID- 6796019 TI - [Value of the automated analysis of the electrocardiogram by the Telemed program (V version)]. AB - A series of 1000 12 lead ECGs recorded in 1000 consecutive ambulatory patients were analysed by the Telemed (V Version) programme and its interpretation and the precision of the French translation were compared with the interpretation of two physicians using standard criteria. The computer identified 90% of the 285 ECGs coded as "normal" by the physicians, 69% of the 57 ECGs coded as "borderline" and 96% of the 658 ECGs coded as "abnormal". The computer interpretation was correct in 74% of cases and acceptable in 87,4% of cases. The computer classified 80% of the 240 arrhythmias correctly. Atrial fibrillation was detected in 91% of cases, and ventricular and supraventricular extrasystoles in 88% of cases. The recognition of other arrhythmias was not as good but the small number of cases did not allow statistical evaluation. The 148 cases of axis deviation and 98% of ventricular conduction defects were identified. The programme detected 84% of transmural infarcts, the sensitivity being greater for anterior or lateral than inferior infarctions. The majority of undiagnosed infarcts were "possibles" according to the criteria of the Minnesota Code. Of 536 ECGs with ST-T segment abnormalities, 81% were classified correctly; ST depression of less than 0.5 mm comprised the majority of false negatives. The sensitivity of the programme to left ventricular hypertrophy was excellent (95%) with a specificity of only 92,5% as the programme uses the Romhilt-Estes criteria which are more liberal than those of the Minnesota Code. The comparison of the sensitivity and specificity for the commonest ECG changes showed excellent all round diagnostic performance of the Telemed programme. In conclusion, despite the large number of abnormal ECGs, the level of computer-physician concordance was high. The French translation of the V Version of the Telemed programme is therefore suitable for clinical use Nevertheless, the computer interpretation should still be checked by a physician. PMID- 6796020 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiography and mitral valve involvement]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography has been a decisive advance in the investigation of rheumatic valvular disease. In mitral stenosis, short axis views enable a quantitative evaluation of mitral surface area by planimetry. Long axis views contain additional important information on the state of the subvalvular apparatus and on the possible presence of left atrial thrombosis. The quantitative assessment of regurgitant flow in mitral incompetence is difficult and can only be approximative. On the other hand, the mechanism of mitral incompetence may be clearly demonstrated in: - mitral valve prolapse with the characteristic bowing of the posterior leaflet; - rheumatic mitral incompetence with the abnormal valvular thickening showing the post-rheumatic retractile fibrosis; - ruptured chordae with eversion of the tip of one of the values in the left atrium; - infective endocarditis with ruptured chordae and vegetations; - cogenital mitral incompetence where the superiority of 2D echo over M mode is most marked, the apical incidences demonstrating the high VSD, ostium primum defect and cleft mitral valve. The limitations of the method are also discussed. PMID- 6796021 TI - [Two-dimensional echocardiographic study of Ebstein's disease. Apropos of 16 cases]. PMID- 6796022 TI - [Pump and muscle functions and the index of perfusion of the subendocardium in severe aortic stenosis in adults]. AB - 47 patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) (valve area less than 0.7 cm2) and normal coronary angiography were divided into three groups, according to their functional class (NYHA classification): - Group 1 (n = 21): Classes 1 and 2 - Group 2 (n = 18): Class 3 - Group 3 (n = 8): Class 4. Haemodynamic and angiographic parameters and the index of subendocardial perfusion (ISEP) defined by Buckberg's method were compared with a control group (n = 14). In group 1, pump function was normal without end diastolic dilatation. Moderate hypertrophy was compensatory and isofunctional (SW/mass = normal). Despite normal EF and VCF, contractile function was reduce (dp/dt/p, % shortening, % thickening and velocity of systolic thickening were lower than the control group (p less than 0.05)), and there was chronic subendocardial ischaemia (ISEP = 0.58 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.01). In groups 2 and 3, pump function was depressed (Group 2: CI = 2.5 +/- 0.5 1/min/m2 (p less than 0.05)) (Group 3: CI =2.0 +/- 0.6 1/min/m2, p less than 0.01)) despite an increased preload (LVEDP and EDV increased), and a greater degree of hypertrophy (Mass Index, Group 1 = 130 +/- 30 g/m2, Group 2 = 190 +/- 30 g/m2 (p less than 0.01), Group 3 = 210- +/- 30 g/m2 (p less than 0.01)). (SW/mass decreased, p less than 0.01). EF and VCF and all other indices of contractility were depressed and subendocardial ischaemia was the same (0.5 +/- 0.2). The complete lack of adaptation of the preload, non-compensatory hypertrophy, decreased contractility and chronic subendocardial ischaemia, all affect the operative prognosis and the long-term result after valve replacement. This data is in favour of early surgical correction of severe AS before the appearance of signs of cardiac failure. PMID- 6796023 TI - [Ascending venous angiopneumography. A new method of exploration in pulmonary embolism]. AB - Selective angiopneumography is considered to be the best diagnostic investigation for pulmonary embolism. However, the technique has to be performed in a specialised unit, is associated with a certain degree of risk and does not explore the lower limb veins which are the usual site of migratory thrombi. The authors have therefore developed a new angiographic technique, ascending venous angiopneumography (AVAP) which successively opacifies the lower limb veins, inferior vena cava (IVC) and pulmonary arteries. It was used in 180 patients suspected of having a recent pulmonary embolism. It has three main advantages: 1) TECHNIQUE: this only involves injection of a vein on the dorsum of the foot, may be carried out in any radiological centre and is repeatable. 2) DIAGNOSIS: the investigation is more sensitive but less specific than selective angiopneumography when compared in a series of 25 cases: it was never normal in the 16 cases of pulmonary embolism, but in its absence there were 4 doubtful cases out of 8. This lack of specificity is compensated by the data obtained during the initial phlebocavographic times. The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism may be made when the context is suggestive and radiological evidence of venous thrombosis is obtained (124 cases). The diagnosis is very improbable when all phases of AVAP are normal (45 cases). 3) THERAPY: treatment should take the initial venous thrombosis into account, especially with regards to the choice of thrombolytic agents and surgical clipping of the IVC. Finally, this is a low-risk procedure. PMID- 6796024 TI - [Value of serum myoglobin in acute myocardial infarction. Kinetic study]. AB - The rise in serum myoglobin (MGB), total CPK (CKT) and its MB isoenzyme (CK - MB) was studied and compared over the first three days of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and correlations were sought between the peak values of these three parameters and haemodynamic and biological indices of left ventricular function. Blood was taken from MGB (radio immunological technique), CKT and CK - MB (spectrophotometry) estimation every 2 hours for 24 hours and then every 6 hours up to the 72nd hour in 36 patients with AMI less than 12 hours old. On admission, this protocol was completed by a haemodynamic study (right heart pressures, systemic blood pressure, cardiac output measurement by thermodilution), arterial gases and ECG recordings. The average delays before the pathological rise, the maximal peak value and the return to normal were significantly shorter (p less than 0.001) for MGB (2, 6 and 25 hours) than for CK - MB (5,16 and 34 hours) or CKT (5,21 and 57 hours). The sensitivity of the diagnosis of myocardial infarction was not significantly higher with MGB than CKT or CK - MB either in the whole group (sensitivity of 91.6 p. 100 for MGB and 86.1 p. 100 for CKT and CK - MB) or in a subgroup of ten patients without transmural infarction (70 p. 100 for MGB compared with 60 p. 100 for CKT and CK - MB). A significant correlation was found between the peak values of MGB (p less than 0.02) and CK- MB (p less than 0.02) and the indices of left ventricular function (PCP, PAO2 and LVSWI). This was not observed with CKT. In conclusion, apart form technical problems which remain unresolved time-consuming investigation), serum MGB gives a much earlier and as sensitive a biochemical diagnosis of AMI as CKT and CK - MB. MGB and CK - MB are much better prognostic indicators than CKT as judged by the indices of left ventricular function. Finally, MGB estimation should be of particular value in the diagnosis of secondary extension of infarction. PMID- 6796025 TI - [Cardiac electrophysiological effects of endotoxin shock]. PMID- 6796026 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of a single dose of prazosin in 8 cases of mitral or aortic regurgitation]. PMID- 6796027 TI - [Atrioventricular block disclosing an isolated congenital aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva, extending into the septum and not ruptured]. AB - A case of a congenital aneurysm of the right anterior sinus of Valsalva (ASV) extending into the septum is reported. The patient, a 20 year old male Central African, presented with syncopal complete atrioventricular block (AVB) or recent onset. There were no clinical or radiological signs of associated cardiac disease. After implantation of a pacemaker, the diagnosis of an ASV extending into the septum was suggested on routine M mode echocardiography. It was confirmed by two-dimensional echocardiography and aortography. These investigations provided data on its size, its relationship to the cardiac chambers and also showed absence of rupture. The neck of the aneurysm was closed by an endo-aortic approach. There was moderate postoperative aortic regurgitation. This case underlines the value of systematic echocardiography in young patients with AVB of recent onset and obscure origin. PMID- 6796028 TI - [Superior vena cava syndrome: a rare complication of endocavitary cardiac pacing]. AB - The superior vena cava syndrome is an exceptionally rare complication of endocavitary cardiac pacing, asymptomatic venous thrombosis being much more common. Two cases wee observed as late complications of pacemaker implantation. In the first case the clinical signs regressed with the development of a collateral circulation under heparin therapy after failure of fibrinolytic drugs. In the second one, the severity of the superior vena cava syndrome and the poor quality of the collateral circulation led to the implantation of a Gore-Tex prosthesis. This surgical bypass led to a rapid and complete regression of the clinical signs. It would seem to be a valuable alternative when anticoagulant therapy fails. PMID- 6796029 TI - Bacterial mesosomes: method dependent artifacts. AB - The occurrence of mesosomes was investigated during septum formation of vegetative and sporulating cells of Bacillus cereus. It has been demonstrated that bacterial mesosomes which are considered by numerous microbiologists as an integrated constituent of Gram positive bacteria, are in reality artifacts arising during the preparation for electron microscopy. The conventional fixation methods allowed enough time for the cytoplasmic membrane to react to the changed conditions and to form the typical pocket-like membrane invaginations. With cryofixation followed by freeze-substitution it was shown in ultrathin sections that mesosomes do not occur. The extremely rapid freezing and the substitution of the ice by an organic solvent containing the fixative prevented the formation of membraneous artifacts. PMID- 6796030 TI - Presence of nucleoside triphosphates and calcium associated with mycobacteriophage 13. AB - The association of nucleoside triphosphate molecules and calcium ions with purified particles of mycobacteriophage 13 has been documented. The content of nucleoside triphosphate has been determined to be 118 molecules per phage particle by equilibrium dialysis against labelled ATP or 148 molecules per phage particle by the direct determination of labelled nucleoside triphosphate. The concentration of bound Ca2+ exhibited a high degree of variation between different batches, which may be due to the nonspecific binding of Ca2+ by the virus particles. However, the tightly bound Ca2+ not removable by dialysis against calcium-specific chelating agent, showed a constant value of 2985 atoms/phage particle. PMID- 6796032 TI - An immunohistochemical study of lens development in a mutant small eye and cataractous mouse. AB - The immunohistochemical method was used to study lens formation in a new dominant mouse strain with a small eye and lens cataract (gene symbol Cs). Antisera to pure alpha- and gamma-crystallins were used. In the homozygotes, the eyes have cataractous lenses about half the size of normal lenses. In the heterozygotes, the eyes show opacities of the lens but the lens itself is normal in size. The mouse strain has two genes in the same autosome which cause the phenogenetical characteristics of small eyes and cataracts. One reflects the defect of the gamma crystallin synthesis in the secondary lens fibers in the equatorial zone. This is a recessive gene and it may cause the small lens. The other gene is responsible for the swollen, granular and misshaped fiber cells. This is a dominant gene like that in the Fraser's cataract and it may cause the cataract lens. PMID- 6796031 TI - [Metabolic problems of malnutrition in cancer patients and the treatment by parenteral substitution (author's transl)]. AB - The central and primary metabolic disturbance of the host's turnover by the tumor introducing a malnutrition syndrome is the increased energy expenditure of the tumor within an uneconomical glycolysis and lactate recycling and an increased amino acid requirement in consequence of an uncontrolled protein synthesis and of an amino acid consumption by gluconeogenesis. These are the explanations of the early signs of malnutrition for instance deficit of albumin and consumption of the energy depots. In contrast further reasons of the malnutrition (anorexia, gastrointestinal passage and resorption decreasing) are to be considered as secondary. If there are objective findings of malnutrition is to postulate a nutritional correction by substitution before the tumor therapy is beginning. Therefore the parenteral infusion of amino acid solutions without carbohydrates and possible in combination with fat solutions is to be recommended. Besides tolerability and efficiency of chemotherapy or radiotherapy can be improved by such parenteral substitution. PMID- 6796033 TI - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of the proteins expressed by the RNA of black beetle virus. AB - Black beetle virus is a small RNA virus with a single capsid protein of molecular weight congruent to 40,000. Two intracellular proteins, a presumed polymerase (molecular weight 110,000) and a protein having a molecular weight slightly greater than the capsid, were observed when infected Drosophila cells were pulsed with 35S-methionine. Viral RNA coded for the synthesis of several major proteins with molecular weights between 110,000 and 38,000 in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. Long chases of the translated products demonstrated processing of capsid protein precursors into capsid protein. Partial proteolysis demonstrated similarities in the proteins synthesised in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6796034 TI - The presence of large amounts of type III collagen in bovine dental pulp and its significance with regard to the mechanism of dentinogenesis. PMID- 6796035 TI - Immunological aspects of the focus problem and the genetic type of haptoglobin. AB - The frequency distribution of the genetic type of haptoglobin in adults affected with a long-term tonsillitis conforms with the standard rate of incidence. In case of a chronic tonsillitis with the suspicion of focus Hp 2-2 is underrepresented. A genetic disposition to the focus disorder which is caused by a slighter immune response is discussed. PMID- 6796036 TI - Neurogenic sarcomas of the neck in neurofibromatosis. AB - Based on two observations and a review of the literature, the pathological and clinical findings in sarcomas of the neck in patients with neurofibromatosis are described. Histologically these neurogenic tumours show a manifold picture; in addition to spindle-cell sarcomas pleomorphic structures are to be found, which can be similar to rhabdomyo-, lipo-, chondro-, angio-, or osteogenic sarcomas so that a histological diagnosis of a neurogenic sarcoma cannot always be made without clinical details. Up to the present surgical treatment is preferred; the value of cytostatic therapy and irradiation is controversial. The results of treating these tumours are unsatisfactory. Of 29 cases reported in the literature, only two could be found in which the patient survived without a recurrence for more than five years. PMID- 6796037 TI - Induction of functional coronary collaterals in the swine heart. PMID- 6796038 TI - Purification and properties of L-3-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase from pig brain mitochondria. AB - L-3-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.99.5) was purified from pig brain mitochondria by extraction with deoxycholate, ion-exchange chromatography and (NH4)2SO4 fractionation in cholate, and preparative isoelectric focusing in Triton X-100. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the purified enzyme consists of a single subunit of mol.wt. 75 000. The enzyme contains non-covalently bound FAD and low concentrations of iron and acid labile sulphide. No substrate reducible e.p.r. signals were detected. The conditions of purification, particularly the isoelectric focusing step, lead to considerable loss of FAD and possibly iron-sulphur centres. It is therefore not possible to decide with certainty whether the enzyme is a flavoprotein or a ferroflavoprotein. The enzyme catalyses the oxidation of L-3-glycerophosphate by a variety of electron acceptors, including ubiquinone analogues. A number if compounds known to inhibit ubiquinone oxidoreduction by other enzymes of the respiratory chain failed to inhibit L-3-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, except at very high concentrations. PMID- 6796040 TI - Natural plant enzyme inhibitors. Characterization of an unusual alpha amylase/trypsin inhibitor from ragi (Eleusine coracana Geartn.). AB - An inhibitor I-1, capable of acting on both alpha-amylase and trypsin, was purified to homogeneity from ragi (finger-millet) grains. The factor was found to be stable to heat treatment at 100 degrees C for 1 h in the presence of NaCl and also was stable over the wide pH range 1-10. Pepsin and Pronase treatment of inhibitor I-1 resulted in gradual loss of both the inhibitory activities. Formation of trypsin-inhibitor I-1 complex, amylase-inhibitor I-1 complex and trypsin-inhibitor I-1-amylase trimer complex was demonstrated by chromatography on a Bio-Gel P-200 column. This indicated that the inhibitor is 'double-headed' in nature. The inhibitor was retained on a trypsin-Sepharose 4B column at pH 7.0. Elution at acidic pH resulted in almost complete recovery of amylase-inhibitory and trypsin-inhibitory activities. alpha-Amylase was retained on a trypsin Sepharose column to which inhibitor I-1 was bound, but not on trypsin-Sepharose alone. Modification of amino groups of the inhibitor with 2,4,6 trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid resulted in complete loss of amylase-inhibitory activity but only 40% loss in antitryptic activity. Modification of arginine residues by cyclohexane-1,2-dione led to 85% loss of antitryptic activity after 5 h, but no effect on amylase-inhibitory activity. The results show that a single bifunctional protein factor is responsible for both amylase-inhibitory and trypsin-inhibitory activities with two different reactive sites. PMID- 6796039 TI - Phosphatidylinositol turnover in mitogen-activated lymphocytes. Suppression by low-density lipoproteins. AB - Low-density (LD) lipoproteins inhibit phytohaemagglutinin-enhanced turnover of phosphatidylinositol in human peripheral lymphocytes. Turnover was assessed by (32)P incorporation into phospholipids and by loss of (32)P from [(32)P]phosphatidylinositol. Inhibition of lipid turnover by LD lipoproteins is not the result of a change in the amount of phytohaemagglutinin required for maximum cellular response. Neither phytohaemagglutinin nor LD lipoproteins influence (32)P incorporation into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine during the first 60min after mitogenic challenge. The extent of inhibition of phosphatidylinositol turnover by LD lipoproteins depends on the concentration of LD lipoproteins present in the incubation medium: 50% of maximum inhibition occurs at a low-density-lipoprotein protein concentration of 33mug/ml and maximum inhibition occurs at low-density-lipoprotein protein concentrations above 100mug/ml. Phytohaemagglutinin stimulates (32)P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. However, LD lipoproteins abolish (32)P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol without affecting incorporation into phosphatidylinositol phosphate and phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate. The ability of LD lipoproteins to inhibit phytohaemagglutinin-induced phosphatidylinositol turnover is mimicked by EGTA. Furthermore, inhibition of LD lipoproteins by phytohaemagglutinin induced (32)P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol correlates directly with inhibition by LD lipoproteins of Ca(2+) accumulation. These results suggest that Ca(2+) accumulation and turnover of phosphatidylinositol are coupled responses in lymphocytes challenged by mitogens. The step in phosphatidylinositol metabolism that is sensitive to LD lipoproteins and, by inference, that is coupled to Ca(2+) accumulation is release of [(32)P]phosphoinositol from phosphatidylinositol. PMID- 6796041 TI - Purification of porphobilinogen deaminase from Euglena gracilis and studies of its kinetics. AB - 1. Porphobilinogen deaminase [porphobilinogen ammonia-lyase (polymerizing), EC 4.3.1.8] from Euglena gracilis was purified more than 200-fold. 2. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 41 000 +/- 2000, does not contain a chromophoric prosthetic group, and appears not to require metal ions for activity. 3. The stoicheiometry of the overall reaction at pH 7.4 was shown to be: 4 Porphobilinogen leads to uroporphyrinogen-I + 4 NH4+. This stoicheiometry for porphobilinogen and uroporphyrinogen was also observed over a wide range of pH values. 4. Initial velocity studies showed a hyperbolic dependence of velocity on substrate concentration, demonstrating the existence of a displacement-type mechanism. 5. Vmax. varied with pH as a typical bell-shaped curve, indicating that two ionizable groups with pK values of 6.1 and 8.9 are important for catalysis. A plot of Vmax./Km against pH showed a single ionization (pK 8.2) to influence binding of substrate. PMID- 6796042 TI - Inactivation of aspartyl proteinases by butane-2,3-dione. Modification of tryptophan and tyrosine residues and evidence against reaction of arginine residues. AB - Butane-2,3-dione inactivates the aspartyl proteinases from Penicillium roqueforti and Penicillium caseicolum, as well as pig pepsin, penicillopepsin and Rhizopus pepsin, at pH 6.0 in the presence of light but not in the dark. The inactivation is due to a photosensitized modification of tryptophan and tyrosine residues. In the dark none of the amino acid residues, not even arginine residues, is modified even after several days. In the light one arginine residue in pig pepsin is lost at a rate that is comparable with the rate of inactivation; however, the loss of the single arginine residue in the aspartyl proteinase of P. roqueforti and the second arginine residue of pig pepsin is slower than the loss of activity; penicillopepsin is devoid of arginine. Loss of most of the activity is accompanied by the following amino acid losses: P. roqueforti aspartyl proteinase, about two tryptophan and six tyrosine residues; penicillopepsin, about two tryptophan and three tyrosine residues; pig pepsin, about four tryptophan and most of the tyrosine residues. Modification of histidine residues was too slow to contribute to inactivation. None of the other residues, including half-cystine and methionine residues (when present), was modified even after prolonged incubation. The inactivation of P. roqueforti aspartyl proteinase and pig pepsin appears due to non-specific modification of several residues. With penicillopepsin, however, the reaction is more limited and initially affects only those tryptophan and tyrosine residues that lie in the active-site groove. In the presence of pepstatin the rate of inactivation is considerably diminished. After prolonged reaction a general structural breakdown occurs. PMID- 6796043 TI - Substrate specificity and mode of action of the cellulases from the thermophilic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus. AB - The substrate specificities of three cellulases and a beta-glucosidase purified from Thermoascus aurantiacus were examined. All three cellulases partially degraded native cellulose. Cellulase I, but not cellulase II and cellulase III, readily hydrolyzed the mixed beta-1,3; beta-1,6-polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl-pachyman, yeast glucan and laminarin. Both cellulase I and the beta glucosidase degraded xylan, and it is proposed that the xylanase activity is an inherent feature of these two enzymes. Lichenin (beta-1,4; beta-1,3) was degraded by all three cellulases. Cellulase II cannot degrade carboxymethyl-cellulose, and with filter paper as substrate the end product was cellobiose, which indicates that cellulase II is an exo-beta-1,4-glucan cellobiosylhydrolase. Degradation of cellulose (filter paper) can be catalysed independently by each of the three cellulases; there was no synergistic effect between any of the cellulases, and cellobiose was the principal product of degradation. The mode of action of one cellulase (cellulase III) was examined by using reduced cellulodextrins. The central linkages of the cellulodextrins were the preferred points of cleavage, which, with the rapid decrease in viscosity of carboxymethyl-cellulose, confirmed that cellulase III was an endocellulase. The rate of hydrolysis increased with chain length of the reduced cellulodextrins, and these kinetic data indicated that the specificity region of cellulase III was five or six glucose units in length. PMID- 6796044 TI - Purification and characterization of a thermostable glucoamylase from the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. AB - Glucoamylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) was purified from the culture filtrates of the thermophilic fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus and was established to be homogeneous by a number of criteria. The enzyme was a glycoprotein with an average molecular weight of about 57 000 and a carbohydrate content of 10-12%. The enzyme hydrolysed successive glucose residues from the non reducing ends of the starch molecule. It did not exhibit any glucosyltransferase activity. The enzyme appeared to hydrolyse maltotriose by the multi-chain mechanism. The enzyme was unable to hydrolyse 1,6-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages of isomaltose and dextran. It was optimally active at 70 degrees C. The enzyme exhibited increase in the Vmax. and decreased in Km values with increasing chain length of the substrate molecule. The enzyme was inhibited by the substrate analogue D-glucono-delta-lactone in a non-competitive manner. The enzyme inhibited remarkable resistance towards chemical and thermal denaturation. PMID- 6796045 TI - Thermal stabilization of glucose oxidase and glucoamylase by physical entrapment. AB - Physical entrapment was used as an approach to achieve thermal stabilization of enzymes. The t 1/2 values for the thermoinactivation of glucose oxidase and glucoamylase were increased several-fold by their entrapment in polyacrylamide gels. In polyacrylate gels the individual enzymes behaved differently, probably owing to microenvironmental effects arising by the polyelectrolyte nature of the carrier. PMID- 6796046 TI - Selective binding of zinc ions to heparin rather than to other glycosaminoglycans. AB - The relative binding affinity of Zn2+ to several glycosaminoglycans was determined by gel-filtration chromatography. Binding was observed only between Zn2+ and heparin. No binding was observed between Zn2+ and chondroitin 4 sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate of hyaluronic acid. All of the glycosaminoglycans contained carboxy groups, but only heparin bound Zn2+. This observation suggests that, contrary to a previously proposed hypothesis, simple electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged carboxy groups of the glycosaminoglycans and the positively charged Zn2+ cannot explain the observed binding. PMID- 6796047 TI - Characterization of collagenous and non-collagenous peptides of a glycoprotein isolated from alveoli of patients with alveolar proteinosis. AB - A glycoprotein of Mr 62 000 was isolated from lung lavage material of patients with alveolar proteinosis. The glycoprotein was found to contain (per molecule) 72 residues of glycine, 5 residues of hydroxyproline, 3 molecules of sialic acid, 4.9 molecules of mannose, 4.0 molecules of galactose, 0.9 molecule of fucose and 7.0 molecules of N-acetylglucosamine. Limited pepsin digestion of the glycoprotein resulted in six peptides, three of which contained hydroxyproline and nearly 30% glycine, and two of which contained all the carbohydrate present in the glycoprotein of Mr 62 000. The three peptides containing hydroxyproline and with high content of glycine contained a repeating -Gly-X-Y-sequence in the peptide chain. Partial amino acid-sequence analyses on the peptides derived from the digestion of the alveolar glycoprotein with various proteolytic enzymes indicate that this glycoprotein is characterized by the presence of alternating collagenous and non-collagenous regions in the same polypeptide chain. PMID- 6796048 TI - Age-related changes in the chemical composition of bovine articular cartilage. The structure of high-density proteoglycans. AB - Proteoglycans were extracted from the articular cartilage of foetal, calf and adult bovine metacarpal-phalangeal joints with 4m-guanidinium chloride. After extraction, the high-density proteoglycans (PG-I fractions) were prepared by sedimentation in two sequential CsCl-density-gradient procedures [Swann, Powell & Sotman (1979) J. Biol. Chem.254, 945-954]. The PG-I fractions from foetal, calf and adult tissues accounted for 75%, 52% and 46% respectively of the extracted components. The glucosamine, galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid and protein contents increased with age. The overall amino acid compositions of PG-I fractions were similar. Fractionation of PG-I-fraction samples on a Bio-Gel A-50m column indicated that the molecular weight decreased with age. The PG-I fractions were specifically (3)H-labelled by treatment with galactose oxidase followed by reduction with NaB(3)H(4). The (3)H radioactivity was incorporated into both galactose and galactosamine residues of different carbohydrate side chains. The elution profiles of alkaline borohydride-treated foetal, calf and adult PG-I fraction samples on a Sepharose 6B column showed that the molecular weights of chondroitin sulphate chains were 13500, 12000 and 10500 in foetal, calf and adult tissues respectively. Fractionation of the alkaline borohydride-treated foetal, calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples and (3)H-labelled calf and adult PG-I fraction samples on a Bio-Gel P-10 column showed that there was an inverse relationship between the low-molecular-weight O-linked oligosaccharides and the higher-molecular-weight sialic acid-containing constituents at different ages. The oligosaccharide components of foetal, calf and adult PG-I-fraction samples represented 79%, 69% and 36% respectively of the total sialic acid content of the proteoglycans. Similarly in the (3)H-labelled calf and adult samples 75% and 30% of the total radioactivity were present in the oligosaccharide components respectively. Digestion with chondroitinase AC-II and infrared analyses showed that the PG-I-fraction F and C samples contained primarily chondroitin 4-sulphate chains whereas PG-I-fraction sample A was 6-sulphated. These studies show that the major proteoglycans (PG-I fractions) in the articular cartilage of foetal, calf and adult animals differ in the content, types and structure of the chondroitin sulphate, keratan sulphate and oligosaccharide constituents. These changes in proteoglycan structure reflect the gross age-related changes in the chemical composition of the tissue. PMID- 6796049 TI - Identification of "buried" lysine residues in two variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase specified by R-factors. AB - Two variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase which are specified by genes on plasmids found in Gram-negative bacteria were subjected to amidination with methyl acetimidate to determine the relative reactivity of surface lysine residues and to search for unreactive or "buried" amino groups which might contribute to stabilization of the native tetramers. Representative examples of the type-I and type-III variants of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase were found to have one lysine residue each in the native state which appears to be inaccessible to methyl acetimidate. The uniquely unreactive residue of the type-I protein is lysine-136, whereas the lysine that is "buried" in the type-III enzyme is provisonally assigned to residue 38 of the prototype sequence. It is suggested that the lysine residue in each case participates in the formation of an ion pair at the intersubunit interface and that the two amino groups in question occupy functionally equivalent positions in the quaternary structures of their respective enzyme variants. Lysine-136 of type-I enzyme is also uniquely unavailable for modification by citraconic anhydride, a reagent used to disrupt the quaternary structure of the native enzyme. Contrary to expectation, exhaustive citraconylation fails to dissociate the tetramer, but does destroy catalytic activity. Removal of citraconyl groups from modified chloramphenicol acetyltransferase is accompanied by a full region of catalytic activity. Analysis of the rate of hydrolysis of citraconyl groups from the modified tetramer by amidination of unblocked amino groups with methyl [14C]acetamidate reveals difference in lability for several of the ten modified lysine residues. Although the unique stability of the quaternary structure of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase may be due to strong hydrophobic interactions, it is argued that lysine-136 may contribute to stability via the formation of an ion pair at the subunit interface. PMID- 6796050 TI - Cleavage by trypsin and by the proteinase from Armillaria mellea at epsilon-N formyl-lysine residues. AB - Kinetic studies were made of the hydrolysis by trypsin of alpha-N-acetylglycyl-L lysine methyl ester and of its neutral analogue alpha-N-acetylglycyl-epsilon-N formyl-L-lysine methyl ester. The latter substance is a moderately good substrate for trypsin, and this observation is discussed in terms of the substrate specifically of the enzyme. The actions of trypsin and of the lysine-specific proteinase from Armillaria mellea on both a native and a formylated polypeptide substrate were compared. Both enzymes were found to hydrolyse specifically bonds to epsilon-N-formyl-lysine in the formylated substrate. PMID- 6796051 TI - Isolation and characterization of pepsin fragments of laminin from human placental and renal basement membranes. AB - The presence of laminin in authentic basement membranes was examined at the level of a large pepsin-resistant fragment P1. This strongly antigenic fragment has been recently isolated from a mouse tumour basement membrane. By using antibodies to mouse laminin P1 for identification it was possible to isolate a homologous fragment P1 (Mr about 250 000) and a related component Pa (Mr about 70 000--90 000) from pepsin digests of human placenta and kidney. The fragments were in half cystine (90--130 residues/1000) and carbohydrate and showed strong binding to concanavalin A. Reduction of disulphide bonds produced several smaller peptide chains, indicating a complex pepsin cleavage. Immunological assays demonstrated partial antigenic identity between laminin fragments obtained from mouse and human tissue, and suggested that fragment Pa may originate from a protein not completely identical with laminin. The results showed that laminin is an abundant component of tissue rich in basement membranes, which has been previously suggested by immunohistological studies. PMID- 6796052 TI - Identification of the apparently essential lysine residues in phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus). AB - Phospholipase C (Bacillus cereus) contains two apparently essential and very reactive lysine residues that may be labelled selectively by pyridoxal 5' phosphate [Aurebekk & Little (1977) Biochem, J. 161, 159--165]. One of these lysine residues was found in the 25-amino acid N-terminal fragment liberated by CNBr digestion of the pyridoxal-labelled enzyme and identified as lysine-6. Two of the labelled peptides isolated from the chymotryptic digest of pyridoxal labelled enzyme contained proline, suggesting that the other labelled lysine residue is situated in the same region of the primary structure as the single proline residue of the enzyme. PMID- 6796053 TI - Chemical cross-linking of a dimeric protein on a modified lectin matrix. A general probe for the chemical topology of oligomeric glycoproteins. AB - A dimeric glycoprotein, glucose oxidase, was allowed to react with lysine specific cross-linkers, both when immobilized on a succinoylated lectin matrix at a critically low density and also at a high density in solution. Analysis of the cross-linked complexes thus obtained led to the following inferences with regard to the structure of this protein. (1) Of the 15 lysine residues on each glucose oxidase protomer, none is available on the non-interfacial surfaces. (2) Assuming that this protein possesses C2 symmetry with isologous bonding between subunits, it may be inferred that on each promoter there are at least two lysine clusters along or close to the interprotomeric interface. (3) These "interfacial' lysine residues on each protomer are so oriented that the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues a and b on protomer 1 "face', and are very close to, the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues b' and a' respectively on protomer 2. General inferences on the geometry of dimeric proteins derivable from an analysis of the cross-linked complexes obtained (as well as those not seen) by using this low density matrix cross-linking approach were enumerated. Modified lectin matrices may prove useful in studying the three-dimensional structure of glycoproteins, particularly non-crystallizable oligomers. PMID- 6796054 TI - The effects of bivalent cations on ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. AB - The half-saturation constants for binding of the bivalent cations (Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Mn2+) to ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Glycine max and Rhodospirillum rubrum were measured. The values obtained were dependent on the enzyme and the cation present, but were the same for both oxygenase and carboxylase activities. Ribulose bisphosphate rather than its cation complex was the true substrate. The kinetic parameters Vmax.(CO2), Vmax.(O2), Km(CO2), Km(O2), and K1(O2) were determined for both enzymes and each cation activator. The evolutionary and mechanistic implications of these data are discussed. PMID- 6796055 TI - Effect of sodium n-butyrate on induction of prostaglandin synthase activity in cloned mastocytoma P-815 2-E-6 cells. AB - Treatment of a cloned mastocytoma P-815 cell line (2-E-6) with 1 mM-sodium n butyrate for 40h induced prostaglandin synthase activity and arrested cell growth. The induction of enzyme activity by n-butyrate was not associated with suppression of DNA synthesis, since hydroxyurea had no effect on prostaglandin synthase induction. The effect of sodium n-butyrate was reversible. Experiments with cycloheximide and actinomycin D showed that the induction of prostaglandin synthase activity involved synthesis de novo of protein and RNA. The time of half maximal induction of the newly synthesized RNA for prostaglandin synthase activity was estimated as about 15h, which is similar to the generation time of the cells. Selective induction of fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase activity by sodium n butyrate was suggested by the following two pieces of experimental evidence. (1) There was no significant difference between treated and untreated cells in the activities of radioactive prostaglandin H2 conversion into individual prostaglandins. (2) The incorporation of [3H]acetylsalicylic acid into the fraction equivalent to protein of mol.wt. approx. 75000 of sodium n-butyrate treated cells was higher than that of untreated cells, on analysis of cell particulate fraction by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. A high concentration (5 mM) of sodium propionate also induced prostaglandin synthesis, but other short-chain fatty acids, such as isobutyrate and sodium acetate, had no effect. PMID- 6796056 TI - Mannitol and glucose movement across the Golgi membrane of lactating-rat mammary gland. AB - 1. Purified Golgi-membrane vesicles of lactating-rat mammary gland were penetrated by glucose. 3-O-methylglucose, mannose, fructose, sorbitol and mannitol, but not by lactose or sucrose. 2. The kinetics of mannitol uptake and release were followed at 2-6 degrees C with the aid of fine filters (0.45 micrometers pore size) to separate the vesicles from the medium. 3. Mannitol efflux exhibited apparent first-order kinetics with k approximately 1 min-1. Neither saturability, nor inhibition by excess sorbitol or glucose, could be observed. 4. Mannitol efflux at 18 degrees C was about seven times faster than at 1 degrees C, and rates at higher temperatures were too fast to be measured. The rate of glucose efflux at 2-6 degrees C exceeded that of mannitol severalfold. 5. These findings imply a channel or carrier of definite, but limited, specificity straddling the Golgi membrane and able to supply glucose for lactose synthesis. PMID- 6796057 TI - Oxygen-dependent 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-induced calcium ion transport in rat intestine. AB - O2-dependent CA2+ uptake by rat duodenal discs has been characterized and used in a revised assay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-induced intestinal Ca2+ transport. Although both muscle and mucosal surfaces are exposed in this free floating-disc assay, the Ca2+ influx across the muscle surface is small, not O2- or vitamin D-dependent, and can be subtracted out. Depriving the animals of food for 9-14 h before assay increases the O2-dependent uptake by about 75%. Half saturation values for O2-dependent Ca2+ uptake as determined with this assay are: 0.8mM-Ca2+ (fed) and 0.5mM-Ca2+ (food-deprived) for vitamin D-deficient rats, and 0.9mM-Ca2+ (fed) and 1.5mM-Ca2+ (food-deprived) for rats dosed with 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol. The maximum velocity of uptake varies from 6.7nmol of Ca2+ per cm2/min (fed) to 7.0nmol of Ca2+ per cm2/min (food-deprived) for vitamin D-deficient rats and 16.7nmol of Ca2+ per cm2/min (fed) to 29 nmol of Ca2+ per cm2/min (food-deprived) for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-treated rats. By using a 5 min preincubation and 15 min incubation with 1.0mM-Ca2+, duodenal tissue taken from vitamin D-treated rats shows about a 3-fold increase in O2-dependent Ca2+ uptake when compared with tissue taken from vitamin D-deficient animals. The calcium ionophore A23187, depending on concentration, either has no significant effect on or inhibits the O2-dependent uptake, rather than increasing it. Actinomycin D, at a dose of 2 micrograms/g, inhibits the O2-dependent uptake in intestinal discs from both vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-treated rats by 58 and 80% respectively, when administered in vivo 3 1/2 h before assay. PMID- 6796058 TI - Induction of carnitine acetyltransferase by clofibrate in rat liver. AB - Administration of the anti-hypercholesterolaemic drug clofibrate to the rat increases the activity of carnitine acetyltransferase (acetyl-CoA-carnitine O acetyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.7) in liver and kidney. The drug-mediated increase in enzyme activity in hepatic mitochondria shows a time lag during which the activity increases in the microsomal and peroxisomal fractions. The enzyme induced in the particulate fractions is identical with one normally present in mitochondria. The increase in enzyme activity is prevented by inhibitors of RNA and general protein synthesis. Mitochondrial protein-synthetic machinery does not appear to be involved in the process. Immunoprecipitation shows increased concentration of the enzyme protein in hepatic mitochondria isolated from drug treated animals. In these animals, the rate of synthesis of the enzyme is increased 7-fold. PMID- 6796059 TI - The stimulation of glutamine hydrolysis in isolated rat liver mitochondria by Mg2+ depletion and hypo-osmotic incubation conditions. AB - 1. In respiring rat liver mitochondria EDTA stimulates glutaminase activity measured in the presence of phosphate and HCO3- ions. The stimulation can be reversed by the addition of low concentrations of MgCl2. EGTA does not stimulate glutamine hydrolysis. 2. Glutaminase activity assayed in disrupted mitochondria is not significantly affected by EDTA or MgCl2. 3. The addition of EDTA results in a decrease in the concentration of phosphate required for half-maximal glutaminase activity. 4. Depletion of mitochondrial Mg2+ by the addition of the ionophore A23187 also stimulates glutamine hydrolysis in both the presence and the absence of EDTA. The effect of the ionophore can be abolished by the addition of MgCl2. 5. Hypo-osmotic incubation conditions increase the rate of mitochondrial glutamine hydrolysis. The effect of hypo-osmoticity on glutaminase is much less when EDTA is present. 6. It is suggested that glutaminase is partially and indirectly inhibited by endogenous mitochondrial Mg2+ and that the inner membrane may play a role in the regulation of glutaminase activity. PMID- 6796060 TI - The synthesis of acetylcholine by plants. AB - Choline acetyltransferase was demonstrated in nettles (Urtica dioica), peas (Pisum sativum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and blue--green algae by using a Sepharose--CoASH affinity column. The column effected a 1500-fold purification of the enzyme from nettle homogenates and was required for demonstrating activity in the other higher plants. Demonstration of the enzyme in blue-green algae suggests that acetylcholine was a biochemical necessity in the earliest photosynthetic organisms. PMID- 6796061 TI - A specific role for Ca2+ in the oxidation of exogenous NADH by Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) mitochondria. AB - 1. The addition of chelators to a suspension of mitochondria in a low-cation medium containing 9-aminoacridine caused a decrease in 9-aminoacridine fluorescence. The chelators removed bivalent cations from the membranes and allowed more 9-aminoacridine to move into the diffuse layer. The relative effect of EGTA and EDTA on the fluorescence suggested that the mitochondria are isolated with about equal amounts of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the membranes. 2. The removal of the bivalent ions by chelators resulted in the inhibition of NADH oxidation. The inhibition could not be removed by adding sufficient decamethylenebistrimethylammonium ion (DM2+) to screen the fixed charges on the membranes and restore the fluorescence of 9-aminoacridine. This observation suggests that bivalent metal ions have a specific role in the oxidation of NADH. 3. Ca2+ and not Mg2+ reversed the inhibition of NADH oxidation caused by EGTA, whereas both reversed the inhibition caused by EDTA. This suggests that Ca2+ plays a specific role and that Mg2+ reverses the inhibition caused by EDTA by displacing the bound calcium from the chelator. 4. The results are interpreted as showing that Ca2+ plays a specific role in the oxidation of external NADH in addition to its ability to screen electrostatically or bind to the fixed charges associated with the surface of the membrane. PMID- 6796062 TI - Activation of (arachidonyl) phosphatidylinositol turnover in rabbit neutrophils by the calcium ionophore A23187. AB - The addition of the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 to rabbit neutrophils stimulated [14C]arachidonic acid incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and lysosomal enzyme secretion. A significant increase in phosphatidylinositol labelling was observed after a 2 min exposure to 0.1 microM-ionophore A23187. Maximum increases in rate of labelling were obtained with 1 microM-ionophore A23187 within 1 min, declining to basal rates after 15 min. Similarly, maximum rate of enzyme release occurred during the first 2 min of exposure to ionophore and release was essentially complete by 15 min. Threshold and peak ionophore A23187 concentrations for stimulating both processes were identical. In contrast with the specificity of phosphatidylinositol labelling induced by 1 microM-ionophore A23187 in the absence of cytochalasin B, ionophore also significantly stimulated labelling of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the presence of cytochalasin B. With a threshold ionophore concentration (0.1 microM), the enhanced incorporation of arachidonate was relatively specific for phosphatidylinositol in cytochalasin-treated cells. Ionophore A23187 did not accelerate labelling of phosphatidylinositol by [14C]acetate or [14C]glycerol, indicating that ionophore A23187 does not stimulate phosphatidylinositol synthesis de novo, although it did promote [14C]palmitate and [32P]Pi incorporation into neutrophil phosphatidylinositol. However, the increase in phosphatidylinositol labelling with these latter precursors was generally slower in onset and much more modest in magnitude than that observed with arachidonic acid. These results support the hypothesis that a Ca2+-dependent phospholipase, which acts on the arachidonate moiety of phosphatidylinositol, is responsible for initiating at least certain of the membrane events coupled to the release of secretory product from the neutrophil. PMID- 6796063 TI - Effect of cycloheximide, beta-D-xylosides and beta-D-galactosides on heparin biosynthesis in mouse mastocytoma. AB - Heparin biosynthesis has been investigated with mouse mastocytoma in vitro. Minced tumour tissue catalysed the incorporation of [35S]sulphate and [3H]glucosamine into heparin and to a smaller extent into chondroitin sulphate. Addition of cycloheximide caused an inhibition (greater than 80%) of incorporation of each labelled precursor into both polysaccharides. Addition of benzyl beta-D-xyloside relieved the inhibition of incorporation into chondroitin sulphate and restored it to more than threefold that of the control incubation. The effect of beta-D-xyloside on incorporation into heparin was less marked although a consistent small increase of incorporation into this polysaccharide was observed. beta-D-Xyloside did, however, cause a marked incorporation of 35S and 3H labels into material of low molecular weight, which appeared to comprise heparin-like fragments. It is proposed that these fragments arise through a breakdown of the usual process of heparin biosynthesis. PMID- 6796065 TI - Preparation and partial characterization of cell-free protein-synthesizing extracts from Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - 1. We have examined methods necessary for preparing post-mitochondrial supernatants from Tetrahymena pyriformis strain HSM that are capable of efficient cell-free protein synthesis. 2. The requirements for optimum synthesis in these extracts are described. 3. Data relating to the kinetics of protein synthesis and the initiation capacity of these supernatants are presented. PMID- 6796064 TI - Effect of micromolar concentrations of free Ca2+ ions on pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversion in intact rat heart mitochondria. AB - 1. The mitochondrial content of active (dephospho) pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHA) was found to be severalfold higher at an extramitochondrial Ca2+ concentration of 2 microM (pCa6) than at pCa7. The nature of the respiratory substrate did not affect this finding. 2. This Ca2+-dependence was shown in state-4 and 50%-state-3 conditions [see Chance & Williams (1956) Adv. Enzymol. 17, 65-134], but was absent in the presence of excess ADP (state 3). 3. Na+ and Mg2+ ions shifted the pCa value required for a maximal PDHA content to lower values. This was attributed to a stimulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ egress and an inhibition of uptake, respectively. Na+ ions diminished pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphate phosphatase activity in mitochondria which had been extensively depleted of Ca2+ ions by incubation with EGTA, raising the possibility of a direct inhibitory effect of Na+ ions, unrelated to Ca2+ movements. 4. Mg2+ ions lowered the mitochondrial PDHA content at pCa 6.24 and 6.48, but had only minimal effects in the presence of EGTA. 5. The effects of P1 and bicarbonate ions on PDHA content were also studied, as possible effectors of mitochondrial Ca2+ transport. Bicarbonate ions abolished the response to Ca2+ ions, by generating maximal values of PDHA content, but such a response was still observed when physiological concentrations of both P1 and bicarbonate were used. 6. The pCa of the medium in the range 6.33 to over 7 affected PDHA content, with only very minor changes in state-4 rates of O2 uptake and no change in [ATP]/[ADP] ratio or in mitochondrial [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio, provided that Mg2+ ions were present. Thus the effect of Ca2+ ions on PDHA content is unlikely to be mediated by changes in [ATP]/[ADP] and [NADH]/[NAD+] ratio and is more likely to be direct. Equally, changes in the [acetyl-CoA]/[CoA] ratio in response to Ca2+ ions when the substrate was pyruvate were the converse of those required to mediate changes in interconversion, and are probably secondary to changes in PDHA content. PMID- 6796066 TI - Control of chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis. beta-D-Xylopyranosides as substrates for UDP-galactose: D-xylose transferase from embryonic-chicken cartilage. AB - Embryonic-chicken epiphyseal cartilage was incubated in vitro with a variety of beta-xylosides and the amount of [3H]acetate incorporation into chondroitin sulphate was determined under conditions when normal protein core production was inhibited by cycloheximide. The ability of the different beta-xylosides to relieve thea cycloheximide-mediated inhibition of chondroitin sulphate synthesis was influenced by the nature of the aglycan group of te xyloside. beta-Xylosides with apolar and uncharged aglycan groups were most effective and produced a severalfold stimulation of chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis. beta-Xylosides with charged aglycan groups were less effective initiators of chondroitin sulphate synthesis. The rate of galactose transfer from UDP-galactose to each of the beta xylosides, catalysed by a cell-free microsomal preparation from embryonic cartilage, was measured. This study showed that the nature of the aglycan group of the beta-xyloside was a factor determining the capacity of the xyloside to act as an acceptor for galactosyltransferase I, the enzyme that catalyses the first galactose transfer reaction of chondroitin sulphate synthesis. The aglycan group of the xyloside also appeared to influence other steps leading to chondroitin sulphate chain initiation in vitro. PMID- 6796067 TI - Elimination and replenishment of tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates in myocardium. AB - 1. The contribution of Co2 fixation to the anaplerotic mechanisms in the myocardium was investigated in isolated perfused rat hearts. 2. K+-induced arrest of the heart was used to elicit a transition in the concentrations of the intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 3. Incorporation of 14C from [14]bicarbonate into tricarboxylic acid-cycle intermediates was measured and the rates of the reactions of the cycle were estimated by means of a linear optimization program which solves the differential equations describing a simulation model of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and related reactions. 4. The results showed that the rate of CO2 fixation is dependent on the metabolic state of the myocardium. Upon a sudden diminution of cellular ATP consumption, the pool size of the tricarboxylic acid-cycle metabolites increased and the rate of label incorporation from [14C]bicarbonate into the cycle metabolites increased simultaneously. The computer model was necessary to separate the rapid equilibration between bicarbonate and some metabolites from the potentially anaplerotic reactions. The main route of anaplerosis during metabolite accumulation was through malate + oxaloacetate. Under steady-state conditions there was a constant net outward flow from the tricarboxylic acid cycle via the malate + oxaloacetate pool, with a concomitant anaplerotic flow from metabolites forming succinyl-CoA (3-carboxypropionyl-CoA). PMID- 6796068 TI - Properties of oxygen-evolving photosystem-II particles from Phormidium laminosum, a thermophilic blue--green alga. AB - 1. O2-evolving Photosystem-II particles from the thermophilic blue--green alga Phormidium laminosum contained 1 mol of Mn/13--17 mol of chlorophyll a compared with 1 mol of Mn/65--75 mol of chlorophyll a in unfractionated membranes. 2. At least two-thirds of the Mn in the Photosystem-II particles was removed by mild heating and by treatment with Tris or EDTA, with concomitant loss of O2 evolution. However, irreversible inactivation was also caused by washing in buffers without MgCl2, and this inactivation was not accompanied by a corresponding loss of Mn. 3. Bivalent cations (Mg2+ or Ca2+), Cl- or Br- ions and at least 20% (v/v) glycerol were required for maximum stability of O2 evolution. 4. The Photosystem-II particles were enriched in high-potential cytochrome b-559 (1 mol of cytochrome/50--60 mol of chlorophyll a) and in component C-550, and had a photosynthetic-unit size of 40--70 molecules of chlorophyll a. 5. The absorption spectrum at 77 K showed a preponderance of shorter-wavelength forms of chlorophyll a in the Photosystem-II particles, and in the fluorescence emission spectrum at 77 K there were major chlorophyll fluorescence bands at 684 nm and 695 nm, with almost no fluorescence in the far-red region. 6. Analysis of the lipid and protein contents showed that the Photosystem-II particles were not chemically pure (for example, all of the membrane-bound cytochromes and cytochrome c-549 were present), but their high O2-evolution activity and good optical properties make them useful for functional studies on Photosystem-II and O2 evolution. PMID- 6796069 TI - Determination of some biochemical and structural features of alcohol dehydrogenases from Drosophila simulans and Drosophila virilis. Comparison of their properties with the Drosophila melanogaster Adhs enzyme. AB - The biochemical properties of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase of two different Drosophila species, Drosophila simulans and Drosophila virilis, were studied and compared with those of Drosophila melanogaster Adhs enzyme. All of them consist of two identical subunits of molecular weight 27800 and share significant similarities in function. The substrate specificities of these enzymes were characterized and Km(app.) and Vmax.(app.) values were calculated. All these alcohol dehydrogenases show greater affinity for secondary rather than for primary alcohols. The amino acid compositions of the three enzymes were determined, and there is a close similarity between the D. simulans and the D. melanogaster enzymes, but there are significant differences from the alcohol dehydrogenase of D. virilis. The N-terminal amino acid is blocked and the C terminal amino acid is the same for all three alcohol dehydrogenases. The enzymes from the three species were carboxymethylated and digested with trypsin. The peptide 'maps' reveal, as expected, more homologies between the enzymes of D. simulans and D. melanogaster than with the enzyme of D. virilis. PMID- 6796070 TI - Changes in galactosyltransferase activity in chick pectoral muscle during embryonic development. AB - The two major vertebrate galactosyltransferases have been investigated in developing chick muscle in ovo and in vitro, and in cultured chick fibroblasts. The two enzymes were UDP-galactose-N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase (galactosyltransferase I) and UDP-galactose-N-acetylgalactosamine galactosyltransferase (galactosyltransferase II). Both activities fell during muscle development in ovo. Galactosyltransferase I activity was constant from day 7 to day 16, after which it declined 5-fold, whereas galactosyltransferase II activity fell markedly from day 9 to 13 and 16 to 20, displaying an overall 8 fold decrease. In primary muscle cultures, galactosyltransferase I activity fell slightly during 7 days in culture, whereas galactosyltransferase II increased 2 fold during the same period. No significant change in activity of either galactosyltransferase was observed during intercellular recognition and fusion. Analysis of muscle cultures treated with cytosine arabinoside and of fibroblast cultures revealed that the majority of galactosyltransferase I activity in primary muscle cultures is associated with fibroblasts, whereas the majority of galactosyltransferase II activity is muscle-associated. The addition of 5 bromodeoxyuridine to primary muscle cultures resulted in a 3-fold rise in activities of both transferases. PMID- 6796071 TI - The prenatal and postnatal development of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards bilirubin and the effect of premature birth on this activity in the human liver. AB - Liver UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards bilirubin was studied in a total of 88 human subjects, including foetuses, premature and full-term newborn babies, infants, children, and adults. Determination of very low enzyme activity was performed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Prenatal and postnatal changes of the activity can be divided into four developmental phases, i.e. middle foetal, late foetal, neonatal and early infantile, and mature. The activities of the first three phases corresponded to about 0.1, 0.1-1 and 1-100%, respectively, of the mature-phase values (mean +/- S.D.: 1320 +/- 514 microgram/h per g of liver, n = 27). PMID- 6796072 TI - Selective feed-back inhibition of the 5-lipoxygenation of arachidonic acid in human T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6796073 TI - Isolation of P700-chlorophyll-protein complex from a blue-green alga by a nondetergent method. PMID- 6796074 TI - Intracellular calcium and skin tumor promotion: calcium regulation of the induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by the tumor promoter 12 O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 6796075 TI - Immunochemical characterization of some monooxygenase activities in liver microsomes from untreated and phenobarbital-treated rats. PMID- 6796076 TI - A proposed mechanism of normal intestinal lactase decline in the postweaned mammal. PMID- 6796078 TI - 3'-Terminal conserved loops of 16S rRNAs from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus AN PCC 6301 and maize chloroplast differ only in two bases. PMID- 6796077 TI - Spin-labeling of porcine pepsin and Rhizopus chinensis acid protease by diazoketone reagents. PMID- 6796079 TI - Endogenous arachidonic acid metabolism by cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6796080 TI - 13C NMR evidence for three slowly interconverting conformations of the dihydrofolate reductase-NADP+-folate complex. PMID- 6796081 TI - Accumulation of a metallo-carboxypeptidase inhibitor in leaves of wounded potato plants. PMID- 6796082 TI - Role of amino groups in the structure and biological activity of botulinum neurotoxin types A and E. PMID- 6796083 TI - The oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid by purified cytochromes P-450. PMID- 6796084 TI - alpha-Lactalbumin binds magnesium ions: study by means of intrinsic fluorescence technique. PMID- 6796085 TI - Polyamines are needed for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 fibroblasts into adipose cells. PMID- 6796086 TI - 5-Methylthioribose as a precursor of the carbon chain of methionine. PMID- 6796087 TI - 1-Chloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl radical: Formation from halothane by human cytochrome P-450 in reconstituted vesicles and binding to phospholipids. PMID- 6796088 TI - Enhancement of Binding of N-Hydroxy-TRP-P-2 to DNA by seryl-tRNA synthetase. PMID- 6796089 TI - Anaerobic dehalogenation of halothane by reconstituted liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. PMID- 6796090 TI - In vitro synthesis of a putative precursor of serine: pyruvate aminotransferase of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 6796091 TI - Inactivation of thymidylate synthetase by a novel mechanism-based enzyme inhibitor: 1-(beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl) 8-azapurin-2-one 5'-monophosphate. PMID- 6796092 TI - Effect of calcium on intracellular pH. PMID- 6796093 TI - Decrease of hepatic mono and oligo adenosine diphosphoribose content and augmentation of [14C]ribose incorporation during induction of growth by bovine growth hormone in hypophysectomized rats. PMID- 6796094 TI - [Development of antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 6796095 TI - 9,10-Dihydroergotalkaloids as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase. AB - A kinetic analysis of the interaction of 9,10-dihydroergotalkaloids with electrophorus electricus acetylcholinesterase [E.3.1.1.7] and acetylthiocholine as substrate shows a mixed type of inhibition of this enzyme. The inhibitor constants Ki were found to be for 9,10-dihydroergokryptine 198 mumol, 9,10 dihydroergotamine 144 mumol, 9,10-dihydroergocristine 117 mumol. A more potent inhibitor is ergotamine with the inhibitor constant Ki = 15 mumol and a mixed type of inhibition. PMID- 6796096 TI - Reduced LDL- and increased HDL-apoproteins in patients with hypercholesterolaemia under treatment with bezafibrate. AB - The effect of bezafibrate on serum lipids, lipoproteins and the apoproteins A-I, A-II and B was studied in 18 patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia. Total cholesterol was lowered by 20% (P less than 0.05), LDL-cholesterol by 24% (P less than 0.05), and apo B by 14% (P less than 0.05), which is comparable to the effect obtained with anion exchange resins but with far fewer side-effects. HDL increased significantly during bezafibrate treatment both by measurement of HDL cholesterol (+54%, P less than 0.05) and by the determination of HDL-apoproteins A-I (+ 19%, P less than 0.05) and A-II (+ 23%, P less than 0.05). This increase of HDL and the decrease of triglycerides was maintained for 6 weeks of placebo treatment after cessation of bezafibrate, while serum total and LDL cholesterol as well as apo B returned to their baseline levels. PMID- 6796097 TI - [Primary brain lymphomas. Anatomoclinical, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical study about 23 cases (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-three cases of primary brain lymphomas were morphologically studied. Electron microscopy was done in twelve cases and immunoperoxidase reactions for light chains of immunoglobulins in ten cases. The patients were fourteen males and nine females. Except two children, the mean age was 50 years. Clinical features and pre-operative investigations lacked any specificity. Post-operative radiotherapy could be performed in thirteen patients, eleven of them being still alive with a follow-up varying from 2,5 months to 4,5 years. All the other patients persued fulminating course (max: 4,5 months). Tumors were preferentially located in frontal and temporal lobes. On gross examination, well limited tumors were more frequent than ill-defined or purely infiltrating tumors. Microscopically, all the lymphomas were of the diffuse type. Perivascular clusters of lymphoma cells, meningeal and parenchymal infiltrates and sub ependymal sprouts were found in the peritumoral areas. The lymphomas were cytologically characterized according to the modified Kiel classification (Lennert et al, 1975) using light and electron microscopic data. So were identified thirteen lymphoblastic lymphomas (with one convoluted-cell type), one centroblastic lymphoma, eight immunoblastic lymphomas (two with plasmacytic differentiation). Light chains of human immunoglobulins were immunocytologically demonstrated in six of twelve tumors tested, all the positive cases corresponding to immunoblastic lymphomas. A unique case of primary meningeal Hodgkin's disease was found. These results were compared with the rare previous reports associating these different morphological investigations. PMID- 6796098 TI - Hyperactivity and hypoactivity produced by lesions to the mesolimbic dopamine system. AB - Spontaneous locomotor activity and the locomotor response to amphetamine and apomorphine were studied in rats subjected to either radiofrequency (RF), 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or both RF and 6-OHDA lesions of the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system. Large 6-OHDA lesions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or of the nucleus accumbens (N.Acc.) produced hypo-activity in the open field, a complete blockade of the locomotor stimulating effects of D-amphetamine and a profound supersensitive response to apomorphine as measured by a significant increase in locomotor activity as compared to sham-operated animals. In contrast, smaller 6 OHDA lesions of the VTA produced significant increases in spontaneous daytime and nocturnal activity with the biggest effect occurring at the lowest dose. RF lesions to the VTA produced even greater hyperactivity which was blocked by the addition of a 6-OHDA lesion to the N.Acc. The rats with RF lesions to VTA alone that were spontaneously hyperactive remained hyperactive after injection of amphetamine, whereas apomorphine produced a significant decrease in this hyperactivity. In contrast, the rats with the combined RF lesion and N.Acc. 6 OHDA lesion showed a blockade of the locomotor stimulating effects of D amphetamine and a potentiated response to apomorphine identical to that observed with a N.Acc. lesion alone. All lesion groups revealed massive depletion of DA in the N.Acc. and anterior striatum with significantly greater depletions in those groups showing hypoactivity and hypo-responsiveness to amphetamine. All groups except the N.Acc. 6-OHDA alone group showed significant depletions of DA in the posterior striatum. Thus, limited destruction of the mesolimbic DA system can produce hyperactivity, but more extensive destruction of this system in the region of the N.Acc. and anterior striatum can reverse this hyperactivity and produce a hypo-responsiveness to the locomotor stimulating effects of amphetamine. These results suggest an essential role for dopamine in the expression of spontaneous and stimulant-induced activity. Furthermore, the much larger increase in spontaneous activity in the RF-VTA lesion group as compared to the VTA-6-OHDA groups suggests the presence of an, as yet unidentified, powerful inhibitory influence to the mesolimbic DA system within the midbrain tegmentum. PMID- 6796099 TI - Neural and behavioral plasticity: crossed nigro-thalamic projections following unilateral substantia nigra lesions. AB - Unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra of rats by injection of 6 hydroxydopamine or kainic acid induced ipsi- and contraversive turning behavior. Spontaneous turning was no longer exhibited one week after the lesions. This behavioral recovery was correlated in time with the development of crossed projections from the intact contralateral substantia nigra to the ventromedial thalamus of the lesioned hemisphere which, in the intact animal, receives projections only from the ipsilateral substantia nigra. PMID- 6796100 TI - [Comparative photodynamic effect of methylene blue in solution and immobilized on Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The photodynamic activity of Methylene Bleu (MB) in homogeneous aqueous solution and in heterogeneous phase was compared in order to experiment the disinfection of waters and waste waters using the photosensitation technique. Insolubilized MB was obtained by covalent bonding on a styrene - 2% Divinylbenzene copolymer. E. coli and B. subtilis were used as gram-positive and gram-negative test microorganism. In the present experimental condition high inactivation towards both microorganism was obtained without substantial difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous phases. Therefore the photooxidation with immobilized BM seem to exalte the potential advantage of this technique in water disinfection for the remarkable bactericidal activity associated with the oossibility of the reuse of the photosensitizer. PMID- 6796101 TI - [Comparative experimental physiopathological evaluation of Roux-en-Y biliary shunt and choledocho-duodenal anastomosis with an interposed jejunal loop in dogs]. AB - The authors compare in an experimental study two biliary tract reconstructive procedures in dogs: Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejuno-stomy and hepatico jejunoduodenoplasty. The former causes in increase of plasma gastrin and insulin and moreover a decrease of duodenal pH after alimentary stimules, whereas the latter, preserving biliary flux through the duodenum doesn't alter such parameters, and therefore should be preferred. PMID- 6796102 TI - Synthesis and in vitro activity of aurodox carbamoyl-methyl ether and aurodox 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazone. AB - The synthesis of aurodox carbamoyl-methyl ether and aurodox 2,4, dinitrophenylhydrazone from aurodox sodium salt is described. Both synthetic analogs were found to have virtually the same ability of the original antibiotic to inhibit poly(U)-directed poly(phenylalanine) synthesis in the in vitro system of E. coli. This indicates that derivatization at the acid hydroxy and cheto functions does not affect the protein synthesis inhibitory activity of aurodox. PMID- 6796103 TI - [Aspecificity of the immunodiffusion reaction for the diagnosis of non-A non-B viral hepatitis]. AB - A precipitating antigen-antibody system was detected by immunodiffusion using acute and convalescent sera from patients with non-A, non-B (NANB) viral hepatitis in which the diagnosis was made by exclusion. The system showed identity with reference sera. Positivity for antigen was found in 5 out 13 patients with acute NANB hepatitis, but also in 3 out 8 patients with acute A hepatitis, in 6 out of 15 with acute B hepatitis and in 95 out of 221 voluntary blood donors. Antibody was detected in all the above mentioned categories of patients and also in normal subjects in percentages ranging from 9.1 to 25.0 percent. The lack of specificity observed is in contrast with results of other reported serological NANB related systems. PMID- 6796104 TI - An investigation of methods available for sterilising impressions. PMID- 6796105 TI - Renal conversion of plasma DOPA to urine dopamine. PMID- 6796106 TI - Medical Research Council study on chemotherapy in advanced ovarian cancer. Medical Research Council's Working Party on ovarian cancer. AB - A total of 264 eligible patients with advanced ovarian cancer were randomised to single or triple agent cytotoxic therapy; 261 were available for analysis. The treatments were continuous oral cyclophosphamide (arm S), and a combination of oral cyclophosphamide, hexamethylmelamine and methotrexate on a pulsed basis (arm T). Mortality attributed to cancer was slightly lower on arm T (p = 0.06), but this was offset by the greater toxicity of this regimen, and overall survival and activity index were similar on the two arms. There was thus little evidence of greater clinical benefit on the triple agent regimen. Tumour mass removed at operation, extent of remaining tumour and age all showed significant correlation with prognosis. Survival was longer in patients whose disease responded to either therapeutic regimen. PMID- 6796107 TI - Sertoli cell tumour in a true hermaphrodite: suggestive evidence for ectopic gonadotrophin production by the tumour. Case report. AB - A Sertoli cell tumour that occurred in a true hermaphrodite with a 46, XX chromosome constitution is described. Removal of the tumour was followed by an immediate fall in plasma FSH and LH concentrations. It is suggested that the tumour possessed the capacity for ectopic production of the gonadotrophins. PMID- 6796108 TI - Antibacterial peptide from normal rat serum. 1. Isolation from whole serum, activity, and microbicidal spectrum. AB - A procedure is described for purification of the primary bactericidal component of normal rabbit serum active in vitro against Bacillus subtilis. A 65 000-fold increase in specific bactericidal activity per milligram of serum protein was obtained, yielding a low molecular weight, heat-stable polypeptide fraction (PC III) exhibiting biological activity at protein concentrations below 10 ng/mL. This preparation appeared homogeneous as judged by column chromatography and analytical NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis; recovery of serum bactericidal activity was routinely greater than 80%. Analysis of dansylated or 125I-labeled samples in peptide-resolving polyacrylamide gels revealed a single band with an Mr of 1800. Optimal antibacterial activity of PC-III against B. subtilis occurred at an ionic strength of 0.24 and was absolutely dependent upon divalent cations; calcium was the most effective. Under optimum conditions, 4 ng/mL of PC-III reduced the viability of B. subtilis test innocula by 90% within 10 min at 37 degrees C. Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella typhimurium were all sensitive to the action of PC-III, but higher bactericide concentrations were required to produce similar reductions in viability as observed with B. subtilis. All strains were killed by PC-III concentrations well below 1 microgram/mL, roughly that found in normal serum. The activity of PC-III preparations was significantly reduced by pretreatment with trypsin or proteinase K but not by neuraminidase or periodate. PMID- 6796109 TI - Antibacterial peptide from normal rabbit serum. 3. Inhibition of microbial electron transport. AB - The influence of the primary rabbit serum bactericide, PC-III, on the respiratory activity of Bacillus subtilis has been examined. Glucose- or lactate-dependent respiration by whole cells was rapidly and completely inhibited by concentrations of the bactericide producing significant cell death. Similar results were observed with membrane vesicles oxidizing NADH. In both cases, bactericide induced inhibition of respiration was calcium dependent and blocked electron transport between cytochromes b and a. PC-III competed with oxidized Saccharomyces cytochrome c when the latter was used as an electron acceptor in cytochrome c reductase reactions catalyzed by B. subtilis membrane vesicles. Competitive inhibition by PC-III was also observed when reduced Saccharomyces cytochrome c was used as electron donor in the cytochrome c oxidase reaction. At an ionic strength of 0.13, PC-III exhibits a Ki of 25.9 and 102 nM for the reductase and oxidase complexes, respectively. Increasing the ionic strength to that producing optimal antibacterial action against whole cells (0.24) increased the Ki of PC-III for the reductase (75.4 nM), while the oxidase decreased (92.3 nM). PMID- 6796110 TI - Specificity of the bacteriophage PBS2 induced inhibitor of uracil-DNA glycosylase. AB - The purified PBS2 phage-coded inhibitor of uracil-DNA glycosylase (Ura-DNA glycosylase) from Bacillus subtilis has been tested for its ability to inhibit this enzyme isolated from other prokaryotic and from eukaryotic sources. In addition, the inhibitor has been assayed for its effect on DNA glycosylases specific for other base residues in DNA. The data indicate that Ura-DNA glycosylases from a variety of sources are equally sensitive to inhibition by the inhibitor. DNA glycosylases specific for base residues in DNA other than uracil are not inhibited by the PBS2-coded inhibitor. PMID- 6796111 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance study of dihydrofolate reductase labeled with [gamma 13C]tryptophan. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase isozyme 2 of Streptococcus faecium has been labeled with 13C in the C gamma position of tryptophan residues by growing the organism on a defined medium containing L-[gamma-13C]tryptophan (90% 13C). The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the enzyme shows four well-resolved resonances which have nuclear Overhauser enhancements of 1.1-1.3. Values of T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin relaxation time) are significantly less than predicted for an isotropically rotating, rigid sphere with no intermolecular dipole-dipole interactions. Three of the resonances have chemical shifts downfield from the 13C resonance of urea-denatured enzyme by amounts up to 1.43 ppm. The chemical shift of resonance 4 in the spectrum is 4.0 ppm upfield from Trp C gamma of urea-denatured enzyme. This large upfield shift is attributed to electric field effects generated by polar side chains. The two more upfield peaks both provide evidence that the corresponding tryptophan residues, WC and WD, each undergo chemical exchange between alternative microenvironments. In the case of WC, which gives a resonance with two components, exchange is slow (ve, exchange rate much less than 55 s-1), and the relative populations of the two stable states are in the ratio 2:3. WD is apparently in intermediate to fast exchange on the NMR time scale. With a two state model, ve increases from approximately 90 to 150 s-1 as the temperature is increased from 5 to 25 degrees C. This increases in temperature is also accompanied by an increase in the fractional population of the minor downfield state(s), from about 0.062 at 5 degrees C to 0.24 at 25 degrees C. However, the data may also be interpreted as a temperature-dependent equilibrium between a continuum of many states. WD is tentatively identified with Trp-22 since comparison of the sequences of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase and S. faecium dihydrofolate reductase and inspection of the crystal structure of the L. casei enzyme indicate that Trp-6, Trp-115, and Trp-160 are probably all involved in regions of beta sheet whereas Trp-22 is in a loop joining beta A to alpha B. Earlier crystallographic evidence for the Escherichia coli reductase suggests that in the methotrexate complex with this enzyme the corresponding loop has a good deal of flexibility. It is probable that in the uncomplexed S. faecium reductase the motion of this loop is the major mechanism for the exchange process involving Trp-22. The upfield chemical shift of resonance 4 is attributed to electric field effects on C gamma of Trp-22 produced by the carboxylate groups of Asp-27 and Asp-9. On the basis of the small difference between the chemical shift of resonance 3 and that of tryptophan C gamma in urea-denatured reductase, it is suggested that WC may be identified with Trp-6. PMID- 6796112 TI - Inhibition of the classical complement pathway by synthetic peptides from the second constant domain of the heavy chain of human immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6796113 TI - Ether derivatives of alpha-amanitin. Introduction of spacer moieties, lipophilic residues, and radioactive labels. AB - Etherification of alpha-amanitin with tritiated methyl iodide yielded a radioactively labeled amatoxin of high specific activity (similar to or approximately 4 Ci/mmol) which, in its inhibition capacity for RNA polymerase II, was very similar to alpha-amanitin. The labeled toxin was used successfully in binding assays with RNA polymerases II and in radioimmunological determinations of amatoxins. If long-chained alkyl bromides were reacted with alpha-amanitin, lipophilic ether derivatives were obtained with a facilitated penetration capacity into cells. As a consequence of the improved permeability, two derivatives, O-hexyl- and O-decyl-alpha-amanitin, were more toxic in vivo than alpha-amanitin, although their affinity to RNA polymerases II was much reduce. By reaction of N-tert-butyloxy-carbonyl-N'-(6-bromocaproyl)ethylenediamine with alpha-amanitin, a ten-atom spacer with a terminal amino group could be introduced into the toxin, which allowed the attachment of alpha-amanitin to proteins, solid phase supports, or reporter groups. For example, by reaction with fluoresceinyl isothiocyanate, a fluorescent amatoxin was prepared for visualizing amatoxin binding structures in cells. After succinylation of the spacer moiety, alpha amanitin could be attached to proteins, e.g., fetuin, yielding a derivative with good antigenic properties. When an alpha-amanitin derivative was coupled to Sepharose 6B, an adsorbent for affinity chromatography was obtained suitable for a one-step purification of amatoxin-binding immunoglobulins from the sera of immunized rabbits. PMID- 6796114 TI - Electrostatic influence of local cysteine environments on disulfide exchange kinetics. AB - The ionic strength dependence of the bimolecular rate constant for reaction of the negative disulfide 5,5'-dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) with cysteines in fragments of naturally occurring proteins was determined by stopped-flow spectroscopy. The Debye-Huckel relationship was applied to determine the effective charge at the cysteine and thereby determine the extent to which nearby neighbors in the primary sequence influence the kinetics. Corrections for the secondary salt effect on cysteine pKs were determined by direct spectrometric pH titration of sulfhydryl groups or by observation of the ionic strength dependence of kinetics of cysteine reaction with the neutral disulfide 2,2' dithiodipyridine. Quantitative expressions was verified by model studies with N acetyl-cystein. At ionic strengths equal to or greater than 20 mM, the net charge at the polypeptide cysteine site is the sum of the single negative charge of the thiolate anion and the charges of the amino acids immediately preceding and following the cysteine in the primary sequence. At lower ionic strengths, more distant residues influence kinetics. At pH 7.0, 23 degree C, and an ionic strength of 20 mM, rate constants for reaction of the negative disulfide with a cysteine having two positive neighbors, one positive and one neutral neighbor, or two neutral neighbors are 132000, 3350, and 367 s-1 M-1, respectively. This corresponds to a contribution to the activation energy of 0.65- 1.1 kcal/mol per ion pair involved in collision between the cysteine and disulfide regions. The results permit the estimation that cysteine local environments may provide a means of achieving a 10(6)-fold range in rate constants in disulfide exchange reactions in random-coil proteins. This range may prove useful in developing strategies for directing disulfide pairing in synthetic proteins. PMID- 6796115 TI - Structural stability of halophilic proteins. AB - An examination of halobacterial amino acids exchanges as they appear in the known Spirulina platensis [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin tertiary structure indicated that most of the additional acidic residues of the halophiles occurred on the external surface of the alga structure; however, further negative changes were not placed in the ferredoxin active site region. A statistical investigation of the amino acid compositions of seven halophile and nonhalophile protein counterparts indicated that the bulkiness of amino acids used by halophiles is considerably reduced and that the overall hydrophobicity of halophilic and non halophilic molecules was essentially the same. It is suggested that the principal mode of structural stabilization for halophilic proteins is effective competition with the cytoplasmic salt for water through utilization of many external carboxyl groups of glutamic and aspartic acids. A reduction is residue bulkiness would prevent inactivation in the presence of the high molarity, antichaotropic KCl. Halophilic functionality is preserved through avoidance of additional negative charge at the active site surface. PMID- 6796116 TI - Changes in the association between Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core and two specificity-determining subunits during transcription. AB - The Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma subunit and the phage SPO1-coded gene 28 protein are responsible for selective binding of RNA polymerase to early and middle SPO1 promoters, respectively. The association of the RNA polymerase core with each of these subunits weakens during the elongation of RNA chains. Similar changes are known to be an essential part of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma cycle. PMID- 6796117 TI - Role of disulfide interchange enzyme in immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - The role of disulfide interchange enzyme in protein biosynthesis was evaluated by studying the enzyme from mouse lymphoid tissue. The enzyme isolated from lymphoid cells was shown to have no tissue-specific characteristics. It was identical with the enzyme synthesized by mouse liver in its biochemical and immunological properties and its capacity to promote both disulfide bond formation and insulin degradation. In contrast to liver, the levels of enzyme in lymphoid tissues were found to vary with immunoglobulin secretory activity, Assays of lymphoid cells and their transformed counterparts showed that the enzyme contents of cells actively secreting immunoglobulin were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than that of unstimulated B cells or non-immunoglobulin-producing T cells. The increase in enzyme levels paralleled the increase in immunoglobulin synthesis after antigen or mitogen stimulation and was independent of the class of immunoglobulin produced. This correlation indicated that the enzyme plays a critical role in the formation of intramonomer bonds common to all immunoglobulin molecules. Supporting data were obtained by assaying the ability of the enzyme to promote the polymerization of mouse pentamer IgM in vitro. The enzyme was found to catalyze the formation of the interchain bonds required for monomer IgM assembly but not the formation of the intermonomer bonds required for pentamer assembly. The sum of these results provides strong evidence that disulfide interchange enzyme functions in the in vivo synthesis protein disulfide bonds. PMID- 6796118 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase from calf liver. Purification and properties. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was purified 25000-fold from calf liver to apparent homogeneity by methods developed to circumvent the lability of the enzyme. Appropriate ratios of sample protein applied to column size and/or gradient size were derived for each purification procedure (ion-exchange, gel filtration ahd hydroxylapatite chromatography, electrophoresis, and thiol affinity chromatography) to maintain enzymatic activity. The enzyme was labile to dilution at all steps of the purification; the inclusion of poly(ethylene glycol) or additional protein decreased but did not eliminate the activity loss. The purified enzyme had a Stokes radius of 3.14 and a molecular weight of 54000. The Km for ornithine was 0.12 mM, and pyridoxal phosphate was 2.0 microM; the pH optimum for the decarboxylation reaction was 7.0. Analysis by sievorptive ion exchange chromatography indicated the presence of three ionic forms. In the presence of Tris-barbital buffer containing thioglycolic acid, the ODC preparation assumed an apparent molecular weight of 100000 and a Stokes radius of 4.5 and retained full catalytic activity. PMID- 6796119 TI - Transient phosphorylation by ATP of a 160 000 dalton protein in rod outer segments of Bufo Marinus. AB - Radioactive phosphate was incorporated from (gamma-32P] ATP into a 160 000 dalton protein from preparations of highly purified toad retinal rod outer segment membranes. Maximal incorporation occurred at 1 microM ATP, and turnover in the presence of nonradioactive substrate was rapid, showing that the 160 kdalton protein catalyzes ATP hydrolysis. The 160 kdalton intermediate was sensitive to hydroxylamine, suggesting an acyl linkage between the protein and phosphate. Ionic requirements for phosphorylation showed the ATPase is different from other membrane- bound ionic pumps. The phosphorylated intermediate was almost completely suppressed by 20 microM vanadate, and partial suppression occurred at lower concentrations. About one 160 kdalton protein was labelled per 30 000 molecules of rhodopsin. Although [gamma-32P] GTP labeled the protein, the ATPase was far more specific for adenine than guanine nucleotides. The specificity for ATP and sensitivity to vanadate of the intermediate suggest a relation to an ATP dependent structural change which occurs in stacks of outer segment (Thacher, S.M., (1980) Fed. Proc. 39, 2066). PMID- 6796120 TI - The molecular basis of the defect in phosphorylation of spectrin in human hereditary spherocytosis. AB - The molecular basis for the depressed phosphorylation of the smaller polypeptide of spectrin (band 2) in the erythrocytes of patients suffering from hereditary spherocytosis is investigated. Comparison of healthy and spherocytic spectrin polypeptides by controlled proteolysis reveals no abnormality in the degradation pattern or in the sites of phosphorylation. It is concluded that the lesion is a consequence of a defective control of phosphorylation. The defect can be mimicked in healthy cells by the introduction of calcium into the erythrocyte and the possibility that the primary pathological lesion is a deficient control of the calcium content of the erythrocyte is discussed. PMID- 6796121 TI - Comparison of the misreading induced by streptomycin and neomycin. AB - In a poly(U)-programmed translation system, neomycin stimulates the misincorporation of tyrosine and of serine which, according to Thompson and Stone (Thompson, R.C. and Stone, P.J. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 74, 198-202), are normally rejected at an initial discrimination step during the binding of charged tRNAs to the ribosome. In contrast, streptomycin favors the misincorporation of isoleucine which is normally rejected at a subsequent GTP dependent discrimination step, the so-called proofreading step. The labeling of the ribosome with N-ethylmaleimide mimics the effect of streptomycin in that it stimulates the misincorporation of isoleucine but not of tyrosine or serine. This effect is correlated with the labeling of protein S18 but not with that of protein S1. These observations indicate that the sulfhydryl group of protein S18 is located within a ribosomal domain involved in the proofreading control of tRNA selection. Taking into account our previous results that streptomycin and neomycin perturb ribosomal areas around the sulfhydryl groups of proteins S18 and S1, respectively, we suggest that these antibiotics induce misreading by different mechanisms which are linked to such perturbations. PMID- 6796122 TI - The acidic proteins of eukaryotic ribosomes. A comparative study. AB - The acidic proteins extracted by 0.4 M NH4Cl and 50% ethanol from ribosomes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, wheat germ, Artemia salina, Drosophila melanogaster, rat liver and rabbit reticulocytes have been studied comparatively in several structural and functional aspects. All the species studied have in the ribosome two strongly acidic proteins with pI values not greater than pH 4.5., which appear to be monophosphorylated in the case of S. cerevisiae, A.Salina, D. melanogaster and wheat germ. Rat liver proteins are multiphosphorylated, as possibly are those from reticulocytes. The molecular weight of these acidic proteins as determined by SDS electrophoresis ranges from around 13,500 to 17,000 and, except in the case of yeast, of which both proteins have the same molecular weight, the size of the two proteins in the other species differs by approx. 1,000-2,000. In general, the size of the proteins increases with the evolutionary position of the organism, as seems to be the case with the degree of phosphorylation. From an immunological point of view the ribosomal acid proteins of eukaryotic cells are partically related, since antisera against yeast protein cross-react with proteins from wheat germ, rat liver and reticulocytes. Bacterial proteins L7 and L12 are very weakly recognized by the anti-yeast sera. Anti bacterial acidic proteins do not cross-react with any of the protein from the species studied. The proteins from all the species studied are functional equivalents and can reconstitute the activity of particles of S. cerevisiae deprived of their acidic proteins. PMID- 6796123 TI - A study with model substrates of the structure of the sites phosphorylated by rat liver casein kinase TS. AB - Two new sites phosphorylated by rat liver cyclic AMP-independent casein kinase TS have been identified in denatured pepsin and soybean antiprotease C-II, exhibiting the sequences: Cys-Ser-Ser(P)-Ile-Asp-Ser and His-Ser3(P)-Asp-Asp-Glu, respectively. Their phosphorylation efficiency has been compared to that of previously identified sites and the effects of chemical modifications in the vicinity of the phosphorylatable residue have been studied. The results obtained support the following conclusions: 1. All sites affected by casein kinase TS conform to the sequence: Ser/Thr-X-Glu/Asp which is also believed to be required by the mammary gland casein kinase. Threonine appears to be less suitable for phosphorylation then serine. The presence of some additional residues on the C terminal side also appears to be required. 2. X can be either an additional acidic residue or a natural one, but not a basic residue. The contiguity of an acidic cluster to the C-terminal side of the target greatly improves the phosphorylation efficiency. 3. The residues N-terminal to the target one do not seem to be relevant for determining the site recognition by the protein kinase. 4. The predicted secondary structure constantly occurring at the phosphorylation sites is the beta-turn: apparently the bend must include both the target residue and the acidic determinant at the n + 2 position. PMID- 6796124 TI - Ontogeny and tissue distribution of alpha-1-antitrypsin of the mouse. AB - alpha 1-Antitrypsin is the second most abundant proteinase inhibitor in plasma. The fact that it is a globular glycoprotein of relatively small size (Mr 53 500) allows it access to a wide variety of fluids and tissue sites. alpha 1 Antitrypsin has been purified from mouse plasma by affinity chromatography and ion exchange. The purified protein exhibits homogeneity on polyacrylamide electrophoresis, but electrophoretic heterogeneity on crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Mouse and rat alpha 1-antitrypsin show strong crossreactivity and the half-life for mouse alpha 1-antitrypsin is 15.5 h. Fetal levels are 15% of adult and it requires 25--30 days before adult levels are reached in the neonate. Maternal levels remain unchanged throughout pregnancy and at parturition. The inhibitory is presented in a number of body fluids including serum, breast milk, gastrointestinal washing, lung washings and bile. The source of alpha 1-antitrypsin for all of these fluids appears to be the liver. PMID- 6796125 TI - Free radical reactions with proteins and enzymes. The inactivation of bovine carbonic anhydrase B. AB - A comparison of the inactivation of bovine carbonic anhydrase B (carbonate hydro lyase, EC 4.2.1.1) by OH, (SCN)(2) and Br(2) shows that the enzyme contains one or more essential tryptophan residues. Direct oxidation of histidine and tyrosine residues by the radicals is less important in causing inactivation of the enzyme. The effectiveness of all these radicals in inactivating carbonic anhydrase decreases with increasing pH in the region where the activity-linked ionizable group dissociates. Differences between the rates of reaction of Br(2) and SCN(2) with the holo- and apo-enzyme and between the resulting transient product spectra indicate that access to the reactive tyrosine and tryptophan residues is diminished by the presence of Zn2+ in the active site region. PMID- 6796126 TI - The inhibition by anion binding of reactions of inorganic radical anions with bovine carbonic anhydrase B. AB - Reactions of the inorganic radical anions, Br(2) and (SCN)2, with bovine carbonic anhydrase (carbonate hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.1) have been studied by pulse radiolysis. Reaction is almost completely inhibited by the binding of Br-, SCN- and ClO4- to an electrophilic site at the active centre of the enzyme. Dissociation constants for anion binding calculated from the reduction in free radical reactivity agree well with inhibition constants for these anions. The anions OCN- and CN-, although potent inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase activity, have relatively little effect on the reactivity of radical anions with the enzyme. Reaction of radical anions occurs mainly with tryptophan and tyrosine residues in the hydrophobic core of the enzyme, through a channel at the active site. This channel is closed by the anions in accord with their position in the lyotropic series. PMID- 6796127 TI - Characterization of C-reactive protein from the eggs of the marine teleost. Cyclopterus lumpus L. AB - Further evidence is presented for the existence in teleost fish of proteins homologous with mammalian C-reactive protein. The amino acid composition is given for a C-reactive protein isolated from the eggs of a marine teleost, Cyclopterus lumpus, by extraction with lecithin in the presence of Ca2+, followed by electrofocusing. A molecular weight of 150,000 was calculated from gel filtration and electrophoresis at different polyacrylamide gel concentrations, while the s20,w was 7.4 S. The 1.5-S subunit had an apparent Mr of 20,000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 21,000 by computer analysis based on amino acid composition. Comparison is made with the physicochemical properties of mammalian C-reactive protein. PMID- 6796128 TI - Purification and characterization of the two forms of human plasma alpha 2HS glycoprotein. AB - The two forms of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein were purified from Cohn fraction VI of normal human plasma and characterized in terms of their major chemical and physicochemical properties. Separation of these two proteins was achieved by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose at pH 4.4 followed by gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The isoelectric points of the disc gel electrophoretically and immunochemically homogeneous glycoproteins were found to be at 4.1 and 4.7 and their apparent molecular weights, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were shown to be 51,000 and 56,000, respectively. The amino acid compositions of both proteins were very similar, although differences, particularly in the arginine and histidine contents, were noted. The amino- and carboxyl-terminal amino acids were found to be the same for both proteins and were threonine and alanine, and valine and leucine, respectively, suggesting that both forms of this protein consist of two polypeptide chains. The total carbohydrate moiety of the relatively basic form (14%) proved to be comparable to that of the relatively acidic form (13%). More important, however, the sialic acid content of the latter was higher than that of the former. These results suggest that the difference between the two forms of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein resides both in its carbohydrate and polypeptide moieties. PMID- 6796129 TI - Human factor VIII procoagulant activity and phospholipid interaction. AB - The interaction between purified human factor VIII and phospholipid vesicles was investigated. The binding of factor VIII to an equimolecular mixture of phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) was studied by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation (10-40% w/v saccharose in 0.01 M Tris-HC1/0.15 M NaCl buffer (pH 7). In the absence of phospholipids all factor VIII activities (VIII R : WF and VIII R : AG) were found in the zone of highest sucrose density including the factor VIII related protein subunit (200 000 molecular weight). In the presence of an equimolecular mixture of PS/PC VIII R : WF activity, VIII R: AG and factor VIII related protein still migrated to the bottom of the tube, while VIII: C activity remained at the top where phospholipids were found. Thus a dissociation phenomenon between VIII : C and the other factor VIII related activities was apparent in the presence of phospholipids. These results also demonstrate the binding of factor VIII: C to certain active phospholipids. PMID- 6796130 TI - The transfer of platelet factor 4 from its proteoglycan carrier to natural and synthetic polymers. AB - 1. Transfer of dansyl-platelet factor 4 complexed with a series of glycosaminoglycans to heparin has been detected and studied by measuring changes in the anisotropy of the dansyl fluorescence. The protein was most easily transferred from chondroitin sulphate and least easily from heparan sulphate. 2. The transfer of the dye-labelled protein from its biological chondroitin 4 sulphate proteoglycan carrier to natural and synthetic anionic polymers was similarily followed. The transfer to heparin and dermatan sulphate was shown to be the same whether 3 mM Ca2+ or 8 mM EGTA was present in the solution. 3. The shapes of the binding curves of the dansyl-factor to the polymers have been compared at I = 0.4M. 4. The observed changes in anisotropy of dye fluorescence have been correlated with the charge density and the stereochemistry of the charged groups of the natural polymers. Large complexes are observed with polymers of high negative charge/weight ratios. Less charged polymers containing disaccharide units of iduronic acid and glucosamine N-sulphate will also from large complexes at I = 0.15 M. 5. It is demonstrated that the release of a platelet factor 4 proteoglycan complex in vivo would result in the transfer of the protein to heparin, moderate quantities of either dermatan or heparan sulphates would not prevent this transfer. PMID- 6796131 TI - [Enzymatic conversion of polymers. Nature of apparent product inhibition in the course of enzymatic degradation of polymer substrates]. AB - The general regularities for the kinetics of enzymatic conversion of polymers were studied. It was proposed that the formal kinetic analysis of progress kinetic curves for enzymatic degradation of polymers inevitably results in the apparent effects of product inhibition, even in the case when the products are not virtually bound to the enzyme and there is no real product inhibition at all. An experimental verification of this hypothesis was performed, using maltodextrins hydrolysis by Aspergillus niger glucoamylase as an example. It was shown that a progressive decrease of the enzyme reactivity with respect to a polymer substrate in the course of its degradation is kinetically equivalent to a progressive decrease of the velocity of an enzymatic reaction due to the product inhibition. These two cases cannot practically be distinguished by conventional methods of analysis of progress kinetic curves. PMID- 6796132 TI - [Low-temperature device for fluorimetric studies]. PMID- 6796133 TI - [Drosophila mutants sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate. I. Their isolation and genetic analysis]. PMID- 6796134 TI - Pemoline-induced mania. PMID- 6796135 TI - Time courses of concentrations of circulating gonadotropin, prolactin, testosterone, and cortisol in adult male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) throughout the 24 h light-dark cycle. PMID- 6796136 TI - Regulation of Sertoli cell function by thyrotropin. PMID- 6796137 TI - Hormonal regulation of ovarian folliculogenesis in rhesus monkeys: III. Atresia of the preovulatory follicle induced by exogenous steroids and subsequent follicular development. PMID- 6796138 TI - Role of prolactin in the lactational amenorrhea of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). PMID- 6796139 TI - Evidence for alpha-lactalbumin-like activity in reproductive tract fluids of the male rat. PMID- 6796140 TI - Glucose-stimulated protein synthesis in rat testis slices: substrate specificity and effects of insulin and substrate analogs. PMID- 6796141 TI - Factors affecting the postovulatory surge of FSH in the rabbit. PMID- 6796142 TI - Plasma prolactin concentrations and testicular human chorionic gonadotropin binding sites during short photoperiod-induced testicular regression and recrudescence in the golden hamster. PMID- 6796143 TI - Seasonal variation in reproductive hormones of rhesus monkeys: anovulatory and short luteal phase menstrual cycles. PMID- 6796144 TI - Decidua-associated antigens in the baboon. PMID- 6796145 TI - [Estrogen, androgen, and progesterone biosynthesis by theca and granulosa of preovulatory follicles in the pig]. PMID- 6796146 TI - In vivo and in vitro ovarian steroidogenesis in the pregnant rat. PMID- 6796147 TI - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH, and prolactin in reproductively senescent chinese hamsters during various stages of the estrous cycle. PMID- 6796148 TI - Steroid secretion by perifused rabbit follicles: effect of repeated gonadotropin challenges. PMID- 6796149 TI - Inhibitory effects of porcine follicular fluid on monkey serum FSH levels and follicular maturation. PMID- 6796151 TI - Regulatory mass spectrometry. PMID- 6796150 TI - Fluorescence study of the divalent cation-transport mechanism of ionophore A23187 in phospholipid membranes. AB - The mechanism for transport of divalent cations across phospholipid bilayers by the ionophore A23187 was investigated. The intrinsic fluorescence of the ionophore was used in equilibrium and rapid-mixing experiments as an indicator of ionophore environment and complexation with divalent cations. The neutral (protonated) form of the ionophore binds strongly to the membrane, with a high quantum yield relative to that in the aqueous phase. The negatively charged form of the ionophore binds somewhat less strongly, with a lower quantum yield, and does not move across the membrane. Complexation of the negatively charged form with divalent cations was measured by the decrease in fluorescence. An apparent rate constant (kapp) for transport of the ionophore across the membrane was determined from the rate of fluorescence changes observed in stopped-flow rapid kinetic experiments. The variation of kapp was studied as a function of pH, temperature, ionophore concentration, membrane lipid composition, and divalent cation concentration and type. Analysis and comparison with equilibrium constants for protonation and complexation show that A23187 and its metal:ionophore complexes bind near the membrane-water interface in the lipid polar-head region. The interfacial reactions occur rapidly, compared with the transmembrane reactions, and are thus in equilibrium during transport. The transport cycle can be described as follows: a 1:1 complex is formed between the membrane bound A23187-(Am-) and the aqueous divalent cation with dissociation constant K1 approximately 4.6 x 10(-4) M. This is in equilibrium with a 1:2 (metal:ionophore) complex (K2 approximately 3.0 x 10(-4) [ionophore/lipid]) that is responsible for transporting the divalent cations across the membrane. The rate constant for translocation of the 1:2 complex is 0.1-0.3 s-1. Dissociation of the complex of the trans side and protonation occur rapidly. The rate constant for translocation of H+ . A23187- is 28 s-1. A theory is presented that is capable of reproducing the kinetic data at any calcium concentration. The cation specificity for ionophore complex transport (kapp), determined at low ionophore concentration for a series of divalent cations, was found to be proportional to the equilibrium constant for 1:1 complexation. The order of ion specificity for these processes was found to be Ca2+ greater than Mg2+ greater Sr2+ greater than Ba2+. Interactions with Na+ were not observed. Maximal values of kapp were observed for vesicles prepared from pure dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. Inclusion of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, or dipalmatoyl phosphatidylcholine resulted in lower values of kapp. Calcium transport by A23187 is compared with that of X537A, and it is shown that the former is 67-fold faster. The difference in rates is due to differences in the ability of each ionophore to form a 1:2 complex from a 1:1 complex. PMID- 6796152 TI - Regulation of hepatic lipogenesis in starved and diabetic animals by thyroid hormone. AB - The effects of intragastric feeding with glucose and of the administration of L triiodothyronine (T3) on in vivo rates of hepatic lipogenesis were investigated in control (fed ad libitum on normal diet), diabetic (fed ad libitum on normal diet), fat-fed (fed ad libitum on high-fat diet), and starved (food removed for 48 h) rats. Two days of T3 treatment increased hepatic lipogenesis in control and fat-fed animals but not in the diabetic or starved animals, although increases in lipogenesis in diabetic animals were observed after 4 days of T3 treatment. Intragastric glucose feeding increased hepatic lipogenesis in the livers of control animals and T3-treated control animals. Such increases are mediated by an increase in the circulating insulin concentration, as increases are not observed in diabetic rats or T3-treated diabetic rats. Glucose feeding failed to increase hepatic lipogenesis in fat-fed rats or starved rats. Insulin injection together with glucose feeding increased lipogenesis in the fat-fed group but not the starved group; i.e., impaired insulin secretion following an oral glucose load may in part explain the lack of response in the fat-fed but not the starved animals. Marked increases in hepatic lipogenesis after glucose feeding were, however, observed if either the starved or the fat-fed animals were treated with T3. The physiological implications of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6796153 TI - Copper induction of translatable metallothionein messenger RNA. AB - Copper chloride injection of rats resulted in a 4.5- to 9-fold increase in translatable metallothionein messenger RNA in the liver. Metallothionein in the translation products was identified on the basis of high cysteine and serine incorporation and absence of leucine incorporation as well as comigration with authentic zinc-induced rat-liver metallothionein on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6796154 TI - Influence of membrane fluidity on erythrocyte functions. PMID- 6796156 TI - Investigation of selective uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls by Spartina alterniflora Loisel. PMID- 6796155 TI - Effect of phenolic antioxidants on the toxicity of pentachlorophenol in short term bacterial bioassays. PMID- 6796158 TI - Relationships between brain and carcass organochlorine residues in ospreys. PMID- 6796159 TI - Effect of an aerial application of carbaryl on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). PMID- 6796157 TI - Macro-analytical methods used to analyze tissues of the Hawaiian monk seal, Monachus schauinslandi, for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorobiphenyls, and pentachlorophenol. PMID- 6796160 TI - Amino acid transport in rat Sertoli cell enriched testes: studies on the mechanism of action of follicle stimulating hormone. AB - 1. The in vivo administration of ovine Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (15 mu g/rat, 1 h before measurements) enhanced the transport of Alpha [3-14C] aminoisobutyric acid ([14C]-AIB) in Sertoli cell enriched testes of 10, 15 and 20 day-old rats. The effect was not observed in 5 or 25-day-old rats. 2. Increasing the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP by means s cholera toxin, exogenous cyclic AMP or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine did not change either the control or the FSH-stimulated uptake of [14C]-AIB. 3. The inhibition of glycoprotein synthesis by tunicamycin decreased the uptake of [14C]-AIB in controls and significantly reduced (24%) the effect of FSH on [14C]-AIB transport in Sertoli cell enriched testes. PMID- 6796161 TI - [Hypoxia, uricemia and arachidonic acid metabolism]. PMID- 6796162 TI - Protein-calorie malnutrition in three brazilian capitals: Soa Luis, Recife, and Recife, and Sao Paulo. PMID- 6796163 TI - CT brain scans: part of a 20-year development study following gross undernutrition during infancy. PMID- 6796164 TI - Last scene of all. PMID- 6796165 TI - Cutaneous mycobacteriosis. PMID- 6796166 TI - Prolactinoma: a question of rational treatment. PMID- 6796167 TI - Prostaglandins in human reproduction. PMID- 6796168 TI - Recovery of bronchial epithelium on stopping smoking. AB - Bronchial biopsy specimens were studied from 19 patients, comprising five non smokers, eight current smokers, and six people who had given up smoking between two and 16 years previously. By using a recently developed morphometric technique the structural state of the bronchial epithelium was assessed and described by a score, which specifies the extent to which the epithelial histology departs from the normal, through the changes of mucous-cell hyperplasia and squamous-cell metaplasia. The epithelium was nearer normal in former smokers than current smokers in each of six pairs matched for smoking history. The numerical scale permitted statistical analysis with a precision that is not possible with data based on subjective diagnosis alone: the results of comparing histology with pack years of cigarette consumption were consistent with the hypothesis that structural recovery occurs in bronchial epithelium in people who stop smoking for over two years. PMID- 6796169 TI - Role of mucosal injury in initiating recurrent aphthous stomatitis. AB - The buccal mucosa of 30 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis and 15 healthy controls was injured by suture and penetration with a tenaculum and a hypodermic needle and each of the six puncture wounds produced monitored for up to seven days for the development of ulcers. Altogether 26 lesions were induced in 13 patients, whereas none occurred in the controls (p less than 0.001). Sutures caused most of the lesions (15), and those so induced had a mean maximum diameter of 2.3 mm and lasted for an average of four days. Ulcers induced mechanically were clinically indistinguishable from those usually seen in the patients, except that they were generally smaller and healed more quickly. These findings confirm that mechanically induced injury of the oral mucosa may cause ulceration in people susceptible to aphthous stomatitis. Such a procedure may therefore be helpful in identifying subsets of patients. PMID- 6796170 TI - Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. AB - A new method of removing calculi from the renal collecting system, in which the large and traumatic incision in the loin currently used is unnecessary, was attempted in 31 patients. Small dilators were introduced over a guide wire through a nephrostomy tube into the renal pelvis and a catheter inserted. The track was dilated in stages and two days later the nephrostomy tube was removed and a cystoscope introduced into the interior of the kidney. A stone basket was introduced down the operating channel of the cystoscope and maneuvered to secure the stone; the cystoscope, stone basket, and stone were then removed. The procedure failed in 11 of the 31 patients, in five because the needle could not be placed accurately initially and in six because the stone could not be removed despite the establishment of a nephrostomy track. In the remaining 20 patients the procedure was successful. This procedure is far less traumatic than the conventional operation. With the development of a flexible nephroscope and an ultrasonic stone disintegrator it will be possible also to remove larger stones and stones in the peripheral calices using this method. PMID- 6796171 TI - Accuracy of early estimation of maturity at a district general hospital. AB - The accuracy of routine sonar scanning of patients attending the antenatal clinic of a general hospital before the 19th week of pregnancy was calculated and compared with the potential accuracy of the techniques used. Out of 200 patients who went into labour spontaneously, 164 delivered within nine days of the sonar prediction, and 152 delivered within nine days of the date estimated from the menstrual history. The discrepancy between the mean of the expected date of delivery from the sonar examination and that derived from the menstrual history was 2.24 days. When the two estimations differed by a week or more the sonar estimation was more accurate, and all 44 patients in this group delivered by the sixth day after the sonar prediction. These findings emphasise the need for those providing a similar service to review the accuracy of their own work. PMID- 6796173 TI - Tuning-fork tests in diagnosis of serous otitis media. PMID- 6796172 TI - Plasmapheresis and a placebo procedure in autoerythrocyte sensitisation. PMID- 6796174 TI - Lactic acidosis and Fanconi's syndrome due to degraded tetracycline. PMID- 6796175 TI - Acute polymyopathy during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6796176 TI - Managing arthritis. PMID- 6796177 TI - Volunteers in general practice. It does work. PMID- 6796178 TI - An evaluation of flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy. AB - Results of 350 flexible fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy examinations showed a diagnostic yield of 30% compared with 6.5% by rigid sigmoidoscopy of the same patients. The mean time for the examinations was eight minutes, a distance of over 50 cm being visualised in 65% of the patients. Preparation of the bowel with a single phosphate enema was adequate in 95% of the patients. As an outpatient investigation for clinicians fibreoptic sigmoidoscopy is a safe, quick, and useful addition to rigid sigmoidoscopy and should result in a decrease in the number of barium enema examinations required. PMID- 6796179 TI - Perforated duodenal ulcer after perioperative steroid treatment. PMID- 6796180 TI - ABC of Alcohol. Detection in hospital. PMID- 6796181 TI - Caution on preventing neural-tube defects. PMID- 6796182 TI - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to antibodies other than rhesus anti-D. PMID- 6796183 TI - Management of gastroenteritis at home. PMID- 6796184 TI - Flexible sigmoidoscopy in outpatients with suspected colonic disease. PMID- 6796185 TI - Severe metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6796186 TI - Colovesical fistula diagnosed by unconventional procedure. PMID- 6796187 TI - Prostaglandin I2 and E1 and red cell deformability in raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. PMID- 6796188 TI - The new psychiatry. PMID- 6796189 TI - Poisoning from fumes from polystyrene fire. PMID- 6796190 TI - Interaction between diuretics and indomethacin. PMID- 6796191 TI - Synergistic action of metolazone and frusemide. PMID- 6796192 TI - Opiate toxicity in elderly patients. PMID- 6796193 TI - Serologic profile for a cow experimentally infected with Brucella abortus. PMID- 6796194 TI - Magnitude and duration of hyperactivity following neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine is related to the extent of brain dopamine depletion. AB - This experiment examined the relationship between the extent of brain dopamine (DA) neuron destruction in the neonatal rat and locomotor hyperactivity during subsequent development. Brain DA neurons were destroyed selectively in neonatal rats by intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) following desmethylimipramine (DMI) pretreatment of both days 3 and 6 of life. Groups of rats received total doses of 50, 70, 100 or 200 microgram of 6HDA or the vehicle solution. Each group of rats given 6-OHDA displayed 3- to 5-fold increases in locomotor activity relative to vehicle control rats on days 16 and 18 of life. Rats given 50 or 70 microgram of 6-OHDA displayed hyperactivity that diminished during days 18-32 of life, approaching the level of activity seen in vehicle treated rats. It contrast, rats given 100 or 200 microgram of 6-OHDA displayed consistently high levels of locomotion during days 18-32 of life. When tested as adults (days 55-66 of life) only those rats given 200 micrograms of 6-OHDA as neonates continued to display locomotor hyperactivity. The extent of 6-OHDA induced depletion of DA was proportional to the magnitude of locomotor hyperactivity seen during neonatal life. Brain DA was depleted to the greatest extent in rats which displayed permanent hyperactivity. Regardless of the extent of depletion of brain DA, adult rats given intraventricular injections of 125, 200 or 275 micrograms of 6-OHDA at 48 days of age (following pargyline and DMI pretreatment) displayed no significant change in locomotor activity. These results indicate that the magnitude and duration of locomotor hyperactivity seen following neonatal 6-OHDA injections are correlated with the extent of loss of central DA neurons and suggest that brain DA projections exert important influences on the ontogeny of normal locomotion. PMID- 6796195 TI - Grafts of embryonic substantia nigra reinnervating the ventrolateral striatum ameliorate sensorimotor impairments and akinesia in rats with 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. AB - Previous studies have shown that transplants of embryonic substantia nigra, which reinnervate the dorsal neostriatum, can compensate for certain, but not all, behavioural deficits induced by unilateral or bilateral destruction of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathways in adult rats. The present study shows the nigral transplants which are placed in the lateral cortex so as to reinnervate ventral and lateral parts of the neostriatum, give an entirely different pattern of behavioural recovery. Thus, the laterally placed grafts were more efficient than the previous dorsally placed ones in compensating for the sensorimotor asymmetry in unilaterally lesioned animals, and the akinesia seen after bilateral lesions. Conversely, the drug-induced motor asymmetry which was completely abolished by the dorsal grafts was not significantly affected in the present animals. These results support the idea of topographic heterogeneity with respect to striatal functions, and suggest that the technique can be used as a tool for more detailed analysis of the functional organization of the meso-telencephalic dopamine systems and the functional heterogeneity of the dopaminergically innervated striatal-based forebrain regions. PMID- 6796196 TI - Role of the subfornical organ (SFO) in the control of gonadotropin secretion. AB - Radiofrequency lesions have been placed in the subfornical organ (SFO) or normally cycling and of long-term castrated female rats. The data have shown that, in normal female rats, SFO lesions bring about a disruption of estrous cyclicity in a large number of animals, the majority of which enter a state of prolonged diestrus. In these animals, serum gonadotropin levels are similar to those of regularly cycling animals in the second day of diestrus. In the animals in which estrous cyclicity was still present, an LH surge occurred which was regular in timing and magnitude. On the contrary the proestrous FSH surge was absent, but the usual FSH elevation of the day of estrus was present. SFO lesions were not able to change the high gonadotropin levels typical of the post castration situation. These results suggest that the SFO may play a role in the control of the "cyclic" but not of the "tonic" release of the two gonadotropins. In particular, it appears from the results that the SFO might be involved in the regulation of the hypersecretion of FSH which occurs during the day of proestrus. PMID- 6796197 TI - Behavioural recovery following transplantation of substantia nigra in rats subjected to 6-OHDA lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway. II. Bilateral lesions. AB - Rats with a unilateral transplant of embryonic substantia nigra, placed in a cortical cavity overlying the caudate-putamen, were compared with control animals on a range of behavioral tests following bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the ascending dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway. Tests designed to reveal behavioural asymmetry--such as spontaneous, tail-pinch and amphetamine-induced rotation, sensorimotor orientation, and side preference in a T-maze--revealed that the rats with bilateral 6-OHDA lesions and a unilateral transplant are similar to unilaterally lesioned animals with one intact nigrostriatal pathway. Both transplanted and bilaterally lesioned control rats became spontaneously akinetic after the second 6-OHDA lesion. This akinesia could be reversed by a low dose of amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) in the transplanted but not in the non transplanted control rats. The attenuated effects of apomorphine and L-DOPA on activity and rotation suggest that the nigral transplant produced a partial reversal of receptor supersensitivity following the 6-OHDA lesion on the same side as the transplant. However, other effects of the bilateral 6-OHDA lesion, including the development of aphagia, adipsia and akinesia, were not reversed by the presence of the transplant. The transplants were shown by fluorescence histochemistry to have densely reinnervated the dorsal parts of the denervated caudateputamen on the side ipsilateral to the transplant. The results show that intracortical nigral grafts reinnervating parts of the dorsal caudate-putamen can reverse some, but not all, functional impairments associated with bilateral destruction of the nigrostriatal pathway. PMID- 6796198 TI - Effect of gonadal hormones on the incorporation of [3H]lysine into proteins of human fetal brain. AB - Samples were obtained from the hypothalamus, temporal lobe and frontal cortex of brains from human fetuses aged 14-22 weeks. Slices were prepared and incubated with estradiol, testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, and the incorporation of [3H]lysine into protein was compared with that of untreated control tissue. Cytosol and crude nuclear subcellular fractions from each area were made and resolution of specific proteins was carried out using a polyacrylamide gel system. Steroid hormones had no detectable effect on total protein synthesis, but incorporation of [3H]lysine into certain low molecular weight proteins of the hypothalamus increased significantly in the presence of estradiol and testosterone. Dihydrotestosterone was inactive. The temporal lobe and frontal cortex were unaffected by the steroid hormones. PMID- 6796199 TI - [Neutral maltase: enzymatic marker from human B lymphocytes]. PMID- 6796200 TI - [Role of sialo compounds in choline uptake by synaptosomes]. AB - Two kinetic mechanisms are responsible for the uptake of choline in Rat brain synaptosomal fractions with different affinity towards the substrate (high affinity mechanism: Km 5.1 microM, Vmax 44 pmol/mg prot/min.; low affinity mechanism: 35.7 microM, Vmax 286 pmol/mg prot/min). The treatment of synaptosomal fractions with neuraminidase (15 min. at 37 degrees C) followed by 1 min. incubation with various concentrations of [14C] choline reduces the uptake in parallel with the disappearance of the high affinity mechanism (Km 202.2 microM, Vmax 119 pmol/mg prot/min.), without influencing the synthesis of acetylcholine. PMID- 6796201 TI - [Protective effect of P40 fraction of C. granulosum against leukemia L1210 in mice]. AB - Administration of glutaraldehyde treated L1210 leukemia cells, either alone or coupled with tetanus toxoid by means of glutaraldehyde as well as L1210 cells inactivated by mitomycin, did not induce appreciable protection against a tumorigenic dose of L1210 cells. On the other hand, injection of P40 fraction of C. granulosum induced non-specific resistance to L1210 leukemia and increased the efficiency of specific immunization by either glutaraldehyde treated L1210 cells or cells coupled with tetanus toxoid. Injection of Freund's complete adjuvant resulted in increase of rate of mortality after challenge with L1210 cells. PMID- 6796202 TI - [Recognition and cleavage of apurinic sites in DNA by the tripeptide lysyl tryptophyl-lysine]. AB - Tryptophan-containing peptides, such as Lys-Trp-Lys, Lys-Trp-Gly-Lys and Lys-Gly Trp-Lys, bind with high affinity to apurinic sites in DNA. The association constant for binding of Lys-Trp-Lys to an apurinic site is two orders of magnitude higher than that for binding to a native site. This is due to a very efficient stacking of tryptophan with the bases on both sides of the vacant apurinic site. When the complexes were incubated at 37 or 45 degrees C a cleavage of the phosphodiester bond was observed. Using pBR 322 DNA containing apurinic sites, conversion of the superhelical to the relaxed circular form was observed as a result of single-strand breakage. The peptide Lys-Gly-Lys had no effect and Lys-Trp-Lys did not induce any cleavage in pBR 322 DNA which did not contain any apurinic site. Therefore, a simple tripeptide, Lys-Trp-Lys, exhibits both the specificity of recognition and the activity of an endonuclease for apurinic sites in DNA. PMID- 6796203 TI - [Hyperproduction of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA) during development of experimental scrapie in mice]. PMID- 6796204 TI - [Local cerebral consumption of glucose in the mouse. Adaptation of the 14C deoxyglucose method to free-moving small mammals]. AB - Local cerebral glucose utilisation (LCGU) was measured with the [14C] deoxyglucose ([14C] DG) method in the awake, free moving Mouse. Values vary from 112 mumoles. 100 g-1. min.-1 in the superior colliculus, the most active structure, to 22 mumoles. 100 g-1. min.-1 in the internal capsule. Glucose consumption is high in fasciculus retroflexus, a result peculiar to the Mouse when compared to the other Mammals were studied so far with this method. The modifications in plasma sampling proposed in this paper should facilitate the use of the [14C] DG method in free moving animals as small as the Mouse, and allow for study of the effects of behavior on local cerebral energy consumption. PMID- 6796205 TI - [L-Glutamine transport into synaptosomes isolated from rat brain]. AB - Using a rapid centrifugation-stop procedure, intrasynaptosomal transport of L glutamine has been measured in conditions allowing the determination of initial rates of this transport. The transport followed saturation kinetics (Km = 0.52 mM; Vmax = 78.24 nmol/min. mg protein), was inhibited at low incubation temperature values and needed a metabolic energy supply. These results demonstrate that L-glutamine is probably transported into synaptic endings via a carrier-mediated mechanism. PMID- 6796206 TI - [Synthesis of serotonin at the spinal level in the rat: modifications induced by nociceptive somatic stimulation associated or not with administration of morphine]. PMID- 6796207 TI - [Modifications in the acid-base equilibrium of blood in rabbits following whole body gamma irradiation (1.5 and 4.5 Gy)]. PMID- 6796209 TI - [Role of lysosomes in the phenomenon of cadmium concentration. Microanalysis by X ray spectrography]. AB - Investigations were performed on the midgut gland cells of the Crayfish Pontastacus leptodactylus after intoxication with cadmium. The storage of cadmium occurs within the lysosomes where the mental coexists always with sulfur zinc and copper. The simultaneous presence of these elements favours the hypothesis that metallothioneins may be located within the lysosomes. PMID- 6796208 TI - [Use of the supernatant from cultures of Bacillus thuringiensis in an in vivo study of the functioning of the nucleolar organizer in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - The use of Drosophila melanogaster mutants deficient in active ribosomal genes, allowed us to demonstrate that the in vivo degree of resistance to a given concentration of supernatant from Bacillus thuringiensis cultures, can be an indication of the ribosomal genes functional level. PMID- 6796210 TI - [Demonstration of a central hypotensive action of lysine vasopressin in the dog]. AB - In chloralose-anaesthetized dogs intravenous infection of lysine-vasopressin (0.01 to 100 mU/kg) induced a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure and a decrease in heart rate. The same dosis injected by central (intracisternal) route induced a constant decrease in blood pressure. These results suggest the involvement of vasopressin in central cardiovascular control and in pathogenesis of some varieties of arterial hypertension. PMID- 6796211 TI - [Secretion of acetylcholinesterase by megakaryocytes in mice]. AB - Acetylcholinesterase, an early and nearly specific marker of Rodent thrombocytic cells, undergoes a typical secretory cycle leading to the release of the enzyme in the demarcation system and the outer cellular space of bone marrow megakaryocytes. This secretion process suggests that megakaryocytes may adapt the amplification of their own precursors by modulating the concentration in cholinergic compounds in hematopoietic tissues. PMID- 6796212 TI - [Demonstration of neuropeptides in cultured neuroretinal cells of chick embryo]. AB - Immunoreactive neuropeptides have been found in cultures of neuroretina cells obtained from 7 day Chick embryos. Methionine-enkephalin and thyroliberin (TRH) were present in a large number of neurons, while somatostatin, beta-melanotropin (MSH) and alpha-endorphin were occasionally seen in a few neurons. In cultures devoid of neurons and probably made of Muller (astroglial) cells, methionine enkephalin, alpha-MSH and TRH were each detected in 60 to 80% of the cells. Immunoreactive methionine enkephalin was also localized in Muller cells in retina sections of 10 and 20 day old embryos. PMID- 6796213 TI - Challenges for the clinical oncologist. PMID- 6796214 TI - Breast cancer in black women. PMID- 6796215 TI - Black Americans' attitudes toward cancer and cancer tests: highlights of a study. PMID- 6796216 TI - Case report: multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6796217 TI - Chromosome changes in hematologic malignancies. AB - Evidence has now accumulated that chromosome changes are among the critical events that lead to malignant transformation of cells. More sophisticated analysis of clinical and cytogenetic parameters will lead to identification of additional subtypes of hematologic neoplasms such as t(15;17) APL or Ph1-positive CML. This differentiation has both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Cytogenetic studies currently in progress may reveal etiologic factors in malignant transformation; occupational exposure to potential mutagens, previous cytotoxic therapy, ethnic background, or a family history of cancer may correlate with specific chromosome abnormalities and specific subtypes of leukemia and lymphoma. As our knowledge of the human gene map increases, we expect to be able to relate changes in the affected chromosomes to biochemical abnormalities in the malignant cell. This will improve our understanding of how selected cells gain a proliferative advantage through malignant transformation, and it will aid in the precise classification of these diseases and thus lead to the design of more specific forms of therapy. PMID- 6796218 TI - Classics in oncology: Isaac Berenblum, M.D. PMID- 6796219 TI - [Hospital administration in accordance with the characteristics and laws of hospital work (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796220 TI - [Experiences in developing research and teaching work in the outpatient clinic of our hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796221 TI - [A study on quality control of medical care in hospitals (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796222 TI - [Acupuncture analgesic effects after D.C. blocking of large-sized afferent nerve fibers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796223 TI - [Observations on the calibre changes of microvessels in golden hamster by a CCTV system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796224 TI - [Follow-up study on heart valve replacement in the treatment of rheumatic heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796225 TI - [Surgical application of frozen red cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796226 TI - [Clinical analysis of 109 cases of loaiasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796227 TI - [Ocular manifestations of paragonimiasis szechuanensis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796228 TI - [Successful preservation of the facial and acoustic nerves in total removal of a large acoustic tumor (report of a case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796229 TI - [Klippel-Feil syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796230 TI - [Randomization and stratification in clinical research (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796231 TI - [Control, drug preparation and dosage in the designing of experiments (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796232 TI - [Academic democracy and science ethics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796233 TI - [Experimental study and clinical application of micro-explosion in treating bladder stone (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796234 TI - [Individual variation of acupuncture analgesia in rats and its connections with intracerebral opiate-like substance and serotonin level (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796235 TI - [Preliminary observations on D-galactosamine-induced hepatic failure in rat models (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796236 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observations on the structure of bilirubinic gallstone (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796237 TI - [Determination of serum free amino acids in patients of hepatic diseases and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796238 TI - [A screening method for anti-influenzal drugs; influenza virus propagation inhibition test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796239 TI - [Successful treatment of 9 cases of respiratory paralysis caused by pallas pit viper bite (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796240 TI - [A study on the characteristic changes of the tongue in Behcet's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796242 TI - Meningococcal endophthalmitis without meningitis. AB - Meningococcal endophthalmitis is usually diagnosed by the isolation of organisms from specimens of cerebrospinal fluid or blood, rarely from aspirates of aqueous or vitreous. In the case reported in this paper the organisms were isolated from both the aqueous and the vitreous but not from any extraocular specimens. PMID- 6796241 TI - Epidural morphine causes delayed and prolonged ventilatory depression. AB - We measured ventilation, PETCO2 and the Ventilatory response to added carbon dioxide before and at intervals up to six hours after epidural morphine 3.5 mg and 7.0 mg, and before and after subcutaneous injections of the same dose in volunteers. Subcutaneous morphine increased PETCO2 slightly, but did not alter the sensitivity of the response to added carbon dioxide. Epidural morphine reduced ventilation and increased PETCO2 progressively with time and, six hours after injection, reduced the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide considerably. In two subjects tested, these ventilatory effects persisted for twenty-four hours. The added effects of epidural morphine were due primarily to reductions in tidal volume and the tidal volume response to added carbon dioxide. We conclude that epidural morphine causes delayed and very prolonged ventilatory depression, which is of a greater magnitude and a different ventilatory pattern than that which follows the same does of morphine given subcutaneously. Ventilatory depression after lumbar epidural morphine develops slowly, as the lower limb analgesic effect is waning. PMID- 6796243 TI - Effects on the corneal endothelium of anterior chamber reconstituents instilled during intracapsular cataract extraction. AB - Intracapsular cataract extractions with a standardized technique were performed on a series of patients. The loss of corneal endothelial cells was found to vary predictably with the material instilled into the eye to reconstitute the anterior chamber. Reconstitution with Miochol was associated with minimal constant cell loss, while reconstitution with air resulted in greater cell loss in the early than in the late postoperative period. The additional instillation of phenylephrine enhanced the endothelial cell loss in both the early and late postoperative periods. In the ideal operation, attention should be paid not only to be amount of corneal manipulation but also to the material chosen to reconstitute the anterior chamber. PMID- 6796244 TI - Ocular findings in arteriohepatic dysplasia (Alagille's syndrome). AB - The ocular findings in a father and two offspring with arteriohepatic dysplasia are reported in this paper. All three people had bilateral posterior embryotoxon, Axenfeld's anomaly and a pigmentary retinopathy. Other ocular findings were exotropia, an ectopic pupil, band keratopathy, choroidal folds, anomalous optic discs and infantile myopia. Persons with arteriohepatic dysplasia typically present with prolonged neonatal jaundice. Cognizance of the associated eye findings helps distinguish this syndrome from other types of familial intrahepatic cholestasis. PMID- 6796245 TI - Effect of inoculation of Zea mays with Azospirillum brasilense strains under temperate conditions. AB - Seven strains of Azospirillum brasilense were compared for their effect on the growth of Zea mays grown under temperate conditions in sand--vermiculite pot cultures. Inoculation with all seven strains tested, including Fix(-) mutant strains, increased dry weight and total nitrogen content of shoots, but nitrogen concentrations were unaffected. Low and variable rates of acetylene reduction activity were observed from excised roots of inoculated plants without preincubation. Estimates of N2-fixing A. brasilense associated with inoculated roots showed differences between strains in establishing themselves in the rhizosphere and endorhizosphere. In some strains enrichment in the endorhizosphere of roots occurred following inoculation, but the relative numbers and location of the strains did not appear to affect the yield response. PMID- 6796246 TI - Inhibitory effect of molybdenum and vanadium salts on aflatoxin B1 synthesis by Aspergillus flavus. AB - The effects of the elements zinc, manganese, iron, copper, molybdenum, and vanadium, added in various salt forms, on mycelial weights and aflatoxin B1 accumulation in the mycelium of Aspergillus flavus were investigated in liquid shake cultures. Ammonium heptamolybdate, when added to a complete medium at concentrations of 50-100 mg/L, appreciably reduced aflatoxin B1 accumulation without affecting growth of the fungus. Sodium molybdate and sodium monovanadate also reduced aflatoxin B1 yields without affecting mycelial growth but to a lesser extent. The addition of zinc sulphate stimulated aflatoxin B1 production in all media used. The influence of the other trace elements on aflatoxin production depended on the level of trace elements present in the basal medium. In general, manganese chloride had a stimulatory effect, whereas copper sulphate depressed yields. Mycelial levels of aflatoxin had peaked and then declined before mycelial dry weights had reached maximum. High yields of aflatoxin B1 were obtained in media having a final pH as low as pH 2.8. PMID- 6796247 TI - Salt extends the upper temperature limit for growth of food-poisoning bacteria. AB - Inclusion of NaCl into the growth medium raised the upper temperature limit of growth of the following organisms: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains), Salmonella senftenberg, S. typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium sporogenes, C. perfringens (two strains). The magnitude of the response varied with the culture, the largest being 3.5 degrees with B. cereus cells. The spores of B. cereus were not protected by salt but clostridial spores behaved as the vegetative cells (response of 2.5 degrees). The optimal salt concentration for the protective effect varied with the organism ranging from 0.2 M for the Gram-negative organisms to 1.0 M for S. aureus. PMID- 6796248 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada. AB - The incidence of infection with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) reported to the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control in Ottawa has steadily increased since the first Canadian isolation of such a strain in 1976. As of September 1980 a total of 66 PPNG isolates had been referred for biological and genetic characterization as well as for central documentation of the epidemiologic aspects of each case. Over 90% of the infections were firmly traced to patients or contacts who had acquired the infection abroad; this indicates that Canada does not, as yet, have an epidemic focus of PPNG infection. This report includes a synopsis of the biological characteristics of these isolates and an analysis of the results of primary antibiotic treatment that illustrates the importance of considering spectinomycin as the antibiotic of choice for PPNG infections. PMID- 6796249 TI - Prevention: a political choice. PMID- 6796250 TI - Renal disease after mitomycin C therapy. AB - Fourteen patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas treated with mitomycin C(MMC) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) had renal impairment 6-11 months from the beginning of MMC therapy. Two clinical entities were recognized: an acute fulminating renal failure that was rapidly fatal and a chronic slowly progressive renal impairment. The first entity showed a microangiopathic hemolytic profile with anemia, thrombocytopenia, and erythrocyte fragmentation. Light microscopy and electron microscopy examination of the kidney revealed a primary vascular disease with musculomucoid intimal hyperplasia of arteries and rare fibrin thrombi in arterioles. Interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy, and widespread glomerular necrosis were also seen. The disease was ultimately fatal within three to four weeks. The second entity showed a chronic course of renal failure with similar pathologic findings but less pronounced, and a microangiopathic hemolysis was absent. The course in the second group was ultimately fatal between three to eight months. PMID- 6796251 TI - Lithium carbonate and granulocyte production: dose optimization. AB - To determine the optimal dose of lithium for inducing granulocytosis, the authors administered lithium carbonate to normal volunteers at five dose levels. The authors performed assessments of circulating and marginated blood pools of granulocytes and of marrow reserve granulocytes to confirm that the early granulocytosis following lithium administration is due to increased granulocyte production rather than redistribution. At 300 mg/day and 600 mg/day, lithium had no significant effect on granulocyte production. Doses of 900, 1200, and 1500 mg/day, corresponding to lithium levels of 0.55 to 1.50 mEq/liter, were associated with increased granulocyte production. Within this therapeutic range, no correlation between lithium level and granulocyte production was demonstrated. This study suggests that any lithium dose which achieves a lithium level of greater than 0.55 mEq/liter, i.e., doses greater than or equal to 900 mg/day, is adequate to induce granulocytosis. While lithium did not increase platelet production, doses of 900 mg/day to 1500 mg/day were associated with decreased bleeding times. PMID- 6796252 TI - Teleocidin, lyngbyatoxin A and their hydrogenated derivatives, possible tumor promoters, induce terminal differentiation in HL-60 cells. AB - Teleocidin isolated from Streptomyces mediocidicus, its catalytically hydrogenated compound dihydroteleocidin B, and lyngbyatoxin A isolated from marine blue-green alga Lyngbya majuscula as well as its hydrogenated product, tetrahydrolyngbyatoxin A were tested for their ability to induce differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60 cells) in culture. All of these indole alkaloids induced differentiation of HL-60 cells, characterized by increased phagocytosis, increased release of lysozyme, and morphological changes resembling macrophages. The concentrations required for the induction were 1-5 ng/ml, showing similarity to those of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Teleocidin, lyngbyatoxin A, and tetrahydrolyngbyatoxin A are suggested to be tumor promoters, like TPA and dihydroteleocidin B. The HL-60 cell system might be useful for screening for environmental tumor promoters. PMID- 6796253 TI - Parameters for detection of mutagenesis of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine using an in vitro Bacillus subtilis system. AB - Parameters for detection of mutagenesis of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) using a Bacillus subtilis microbial assay are defined. His+ and his met mutations were induced in B. subtilis TKJ6321 in the absence of rat liver S-9 Mix. This B subtilis mutant showed a greater sensitivity to this chemical than did Salmonella typhimurium TA1535. Protein-binding studies with bovine serum albumin showed the capacity for DMH to bind non-specifically to protein. S-9 mix from Aroclor pretreated animals appeared to decrease the mutagenic response. Kinetics of mutagen stability were also shown, thereby demonstrating the need for more complete investigation of known chemical carcinogens which give negative results in the Ames bioassay alone. PMID- 6796254 TI - Genotoxicity of cycasin in the hepatocyte primary culture/DNA repair test supplemented with beta-glucosidase. AB - The genotoxicity of cycasin was examined in the standard hepatocyte primary culture (HPC)/DNA repair test and in the test supplemented with beta-glucosidase. Generally, no DNA repair was elicited by cycasin in the standard test except for one assay which showed a strong response. With the addition of beta-glucosidase to the test medium, cycasin elicited DNA repair with clear dependence on both dose and amount of beta-glucosidase. These results indicate that supplementation of the HPC/DNA repair test with the appropriate should be useful in detecting potentially genotoxic glucosides and suggests that supplementation with other specific enzymes could compensate for extrahepatic biotransformation processes required prior to final activation by hepatocytes. PMID- 6796255 TI - Characteristics of benzo[a]pyrene and A-ring reduced 7,12-dimethyl benz[a]anthracene induced neoplastic transformation of human cells in vitro. AB - The polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and the A-ring reduced analogue of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (TH-DMBA) are carcinogenic to human cells. The unsaturated PAH, DMBA exhibits no carcinogenic activity on human cells as measured by growth in soft agar. The TH-DMBA and BP treated cells exhibit a colony frequency in soft agar of 84 and 86, respectively. These anchorage independent cells, when seeded on the chick embryonic skin (CES) organ cultures, are invasive and form a fibrosarcoma. It is highly unlikely that TH-DMBA, which does not contain an aromatic A-ring, can undergo metabolism in human cells in culture to form a bay region 3,4-dihydrodiol-1,2-epoxide. These results suggest that an alternate mechanism for the induction of carcinogenesis is appropriate to explain the absence of bay region diol-epoxide metabolite as the ultimate form of the carcinogen in TH-DMBA induced carcinogenesis in human diploid cells. PMID- 6796256 TI - Tumor promotion by foreign bodies (IUD). PMID- 6796257 TI - Prophylaxis of mammary neoplasia by selenium supplementation in the initiation and promotion phases of chemical carcinogenesis. AB - The present study was designed to determine the chemopreventive effect of dietary selenium supplementation in the initiation or promotion phase of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats fed a high-fat diet. Control animals received 0.1 ppm of selenium (as sodium selenite), while experimental groups were supplemented with 5 ppm of selenium for various periods of time: -2 to +24, -2 to +2, +2 to +24, +2 to +12, +12 to +24, and -2 to +12. The time of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene administration (50 days of age) was taken as Time 0; minus and plus signs represent the time in weeks before and after 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene administration, respectively. The following conclusions were drawn from the results: (a) selenium can inhibit both the initiation and promotion phases of carcinogenesis; (b) a continuous intake of selenium is necessary to achieve maximal inhibition of tumorigenesis; (c) the inhibitory effect of selenium in the early promotion phase is probably reversible; and (d) the efficacy of selenium is attenuated when it is given long after carcinogenic injury. In addition, the present investigation also assessed the effectiveness of selenium in inhibiting the reappearance of mammary tumors that had regressed after ovariectomy. By supplementing tumor-bearing animals with 5 ppm of selenium in the diet immediately after endocrine ablation, it was found that tumors reappeared at a slower rate compared to the controls. The data suggested that selenium is not only effective in chemoprevention but can also be used as an adjuvant chemotherapeutic agent. PMID- 6796258 TI - Potentiation of the antitumor therapeutic effects of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea by alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor. AB - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, was used alone and in combination with various single doses of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) to treat animals bearing murine glioma 26 and rat 9L gliosarcoma intracerebral tumors. Used as a single agent, DFMO has little or no effect against these tumors. However, in both intracerebral tumor models, pretreatment with DFMO p.o. before i.p. administration of BCNU potentiates the effect of BCNU without increasing toxicity. The effects of DFMO administered p.o. after BCNU or before and after various doses of BCNU indicate that DFMO may also effectively slow the repopulation of these tumors after BCNU therapy. PMID- 6796259 TI - Melatonin inhibition and pinealectomy enhancement of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumors in the rat. AB - The effects of the pineal hormone, melatonin, and of pinealectomy on the incidence of mammary adenocarcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)-anthracene (DMBA) were investigated. Melatonin (2.5 mg/kg), begun on the same day as DMBA (5 mg) treatment and given daily in the afternoon for 90 days, significantly reduced the incidence of mammary tumors from 79% (control) to 20% (treated) (p less than 0.002). Rats pinealectomized at 20 days of age and treated with 7 mg of DMBA at 50 days of age had a higher incidence of tumors (88%) compared to control animals (22%). Fifteen mg of DMBA, which resulted in a higher incidence of tumors, reduced the difference between pinealectomized and control animals. Melatonin only partially reversed the effects of pinealectomy, reducing the incidence from 87% (pinealectomy alone) to 63% (pinealectomy plus melatonin); however, the tumor incidence was still lower (27%) in nonpinealectomized, melatonin-treated animals. Assessment of plasma prolactin, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and cortisol in DMBA-treated tumor-free and tumor-bearing animals revealed a significantly lower plasma prolactin concentration [27 +/- 5 (S.E.) ng/ml] in melatonin-treated animals as compared to vehicle-treated animals [65 +/- 8 ng/ml]. The concentration of plasma prolactin was less in melatonin-treated, pinealectomized rats (55 +/- 10 ng/ml) as compared to vehicle-treated, pinealectomized animals (101 +/- 13 ng/ml). Other hormones were not affected by melatonin treatment. These data support the hypothesis that melatonin inhibits the development of DMBA-induced mammary tumors in the rat while removal of the pineal gland stimulates development of such tumors. Additionally, these experiments provide evidence that these effects may be mediated by a suppression of plasma prolactin levels. PMID- 6796260 TI - Numerical variation of dark cells in normal and chemically induced hyperplastic epidermis with age of animal and efficiency of tumor promoter. AB - The percentages of dark keratinocytes was quantitatively assessed in normal epidermis of Sencar mice before and after birth and in adult epidermis after topical application of several compounds of varying promoting efficiency. The percentage of dark keratinocytes reached a maximum at the 19th day of gestation (approximately 40%) and fell abruptly after birth (approximately 3%). Old animals exhibited a very low number of dark basal cells (0.2%). After topical application of the weak promoters resiniferotoxin, anthralin, ethylphenylpropiolate, and 12 deoxyphorbol-13-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the percentage of dark cells in young adult epidermis did not differ markedly from that in control (acetone-treated) specimens. The strong first-stage promoters 4-O-methyl-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and calcium ionophore A 23187, as well as the strong complete promoter 12-deoxyphorbol-13-deoxyphorbol-13-decanoate, induced the appearance of large numbers of dark keratinocytes, in a percentage similar to that seen after 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate application (approximately 20%). The similarities between the dark keratinocytes seen after topical application of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or other strong promoters and the dark cells observed in the fetal epidermis before the onset of the adult type of epidermal keratinization indicate that potent and/or first stage tumor promoters can be identified by their ability to induce cells resembling fetal-type dedifferentiated keratinocytes. PMID- 6796261 TI - Pharmacology and toxicity of intracarotid adriamycin administration following osmotic blood-brain barrier modification. AB - The effect of reversible blood-brain barrier modification on the delivery of Adriamycin to the brain was studied in a rodent and canine model. Pharmacokinetic and physiological studies were done in these animals after a wide range of doses of Adriamycin (0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg) were administered into the carotid artery following osmotic barrier modification with mannitol. In the absence of barrier modification, no immunoreactive Adriamycin was detected in the cerebrum; whereas, following barrier modification, up to 4.5 micrograms of drug and/or metabolites per g of brain were found. Optimum tissue levels of Adriamycin and metabolites were achieved following barrier modification when the drug was administered by either bolus or slow continuous (15-min) infusion. Immunoreactive drug was identified in brain for up to 6 hr after administration. Significant functional neurotoxicity occurred at all dose levels, even at 0.1 mg/kg, a level at which Adriamycin concentration in the brain was below the level of detectability. Neuropathological examination revealed the presence of necrosis and hemorrhagic infarcts. Thus, these pharmacological and toxicity studies suggest that Adriamycin (or its metabolites) may produce significant clinical neurotoxicity when even small amounts penetrate the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6796262 TI - Species difference in N-hydroxylation of a tryptophan pyrolysis product in relation to mutagenic activation. AB - Metabolic activation of a tryptophan pyrolysate, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3 b]indole (Trp-P-2), in liver microsomes from rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, and rabbits was studied to know whether N-hydroxylation is a common obligatory step for mutagenic activation of Trp-P-2. Among hepatic microsomes obtained from untreated animals, the highest activity of Trp-P-2 N-hydroxylase was observed in microsomes from hamsters, followed by those from guinea pigs, mice, and rabbits. In rats, the activity was low, and there was no appreciable difference between the sexes. The activity of Trp-P-2 N-hydroxylase in microsomes was increased by pretreating the animals with a polychlorinated biphenyl mixture. The induction was most profound in rats, and the activity was enhanced 257-fold, as compared to that of untreated animals. The activity was also enhanced in microsomes from polychlorinated biphenyl mixture-treated rabbits, mice, and hamsters, while the activity was increased only slightly in guinea pigs and was thereby lowest among microsomes from the polychlorinated biphenyl mixture-treated animals. In bacterial mutagenesis test systems using Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, the number of revertants induced by Trp-P-2 was increased in parallel with the microsomal ability of the N-hydroxylation. These results indicate that in all species examined N-hydroxylation is an essential metabolic step for mutagenic activation of Trp-P-2. PMID- 6796263 TI - Prostaglandin hydroperoxidase-mediated 2-amino-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl) [14C]thiazole metabolism and nucleic acid binding. AB - Prostaglandin hydroperoxide-mediated metabolism and binding of 2-amino-4-(5-nitro 2-furyl) [14C]thiazole ([14C]ANFT) metabolite to nucleic acids and proteins were investigated with rabbit bladder transitional epithelial and solubilized ram seminal vesicle microsomes. Metabolism was assessed by spectrophotometric and radiochemical techniques. Substrate and inhibitor studies are consistent with both metabolism and binding of [14C]ANFT occurring by the prostaglandin hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. The ratio of the rates of [14C]ANFT product formation is approximately 3:7:10 (organic soluble:non-trichloroacetic acid precipitable: trichloroacetic acid precipitable) over a wide range of arachidonic acid concentrations. Approximately 2 and 1% of the total [14C]ANFT metabolized binds to transfer RNA and DNA, respectively. The metabolite isolated from the organic phase had a chromatographic profile and ultraviolet spectra different from authentic ANFT. If transfer RNA or DNA is added at the end of a 5-min incubation, no binding to nucleic acids was observed. The demonstration of prostaglandin hydroperoxidase-mediated covalent binding to nucleic acids is consistent with the involvement of this enzyme in 5-nitrofuran induced bladder carcinogenesis. PMID- 6796264 TI - Aroclor 1254-induced intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma in the glandular stomach of F344 rats. AB - Ingestion of diets containing Aroclor 1254, a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, for 2 years led to a dose-related increase in the incidence of focal lesions in the glandular stomachs of male and female F344 rats. The incidence of stomach lesions was 6% in control specimens and in specimens from rats fed a diet containing 25, 50, or 100 ppm Aroclor 1254, the incidences of stomach lesions were 10, 17, and 35%, respectively. The majority of gastric lesions in treated rats were histologically identified as intestinal metaplasia characterized by an architecture resembling that of intestinal crypts and particularly by goblet cells, which stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff reagent. Adenocarcinomas were found in six specimens. Most (88%) of the lesions were located in the pyloric region of the glandular stomach. No multiple lesions were observed among 47 control specimens examined; however, nine cases of multiple lesions were observed in 30 lesion-containing specimens from Aroclor 1254-treated rats. Although the exact relationship between gastric intestinal metaplasia and adenocarcinoma remains to be established, they commonly coexist and may share initiating mechanisms. PMID- 6796265 TI - Excision repair of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in human fibroblasts. AB - The processing of covalent aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-DNA adducts was investigated in confluent normal fibroblasts (NF) and xeroderma pigmentosum skin fibroblasts of Complementation Group A (XPA) following treatment with rat liver microsome activated AFB1 for 30 min. Following rapid DNA isolation at slightly acidic pH by a new filter technique, more than 90% of the adducts corresponded to 2,3-dihydro 2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxy-AFB1 (AFB1-N7-Gua) according to the analysis of acid hydrolysates by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The changes in adduct concentration and composition were compared between DNA isolated immediately following AFB1 treatment and incubated at neutrality in vitro and DNA in situ in the cell isolated after different lengths of incubation. The following conclusions were reached from the observed differences in the kinetics of adduct removal from free DNA and DNA in situ in NF and XPA: (a) AFB1-N7-Gua is removed spontaneously and enzymatically in NF but probably only spontaneously in XPA. This result suggests that these lesions are removed via nucleotide excision repair in NF; (b) the putative 2,3-dihydro-2(N5-formyl-2',5',6'-triamino-4'-oxo N5-pyrimidyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 is formed in a secondary reaction from AFB1 N7-Gua in vitro and in situ in the cell. It accumulates more rapidly and to a greater extent in XPA than in NF and persists in both cells types over prolonged periods. The reaction of AFB1-N7-Gua to 2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5'6'-triamino 4'-oxo-N5-pyrimidyl)-3-hydroxyaflatox in B1 represents the transformation of a repairable lesion to a nonrepairable, persistent lesion. PMID- 6796266 TI - Effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine alone and combined with adriamycin or vindesine on L1210 leukemia in mice, EMT6 solid tumors in mice, and solid tumors induced by injection of hepatoma tissue culture cells in rats. AB - The effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; RMI 71782) in combination with vindesine or Adriamycin were investigated in three different animal tumor models. When given in a concentration of 2% in drinking water to C57BL/6 X DBA/2 F1 mice inoculated i.p. with L1210 leukemia cells, DFMO prolonged the survival time 1,2-fold. Treatment with vindesine (0.1 mg/kg/week i.p. or Adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg/week i.p.) increased the mean survival time 1.4- and 2.3-fold, respectively. DFMO with vindesine doubled survival time, while DFMO with Adriamycin increased it 3.5-fold and yielded 30% long-term survivors. The growth of solid tumors induced in Buffalo rats by i.m. injection of hepatoma tissue culture cells was inhibited 65% after 2 weeks of DFMO treatment. Similar inhibition of growth could be achieved by weekly i.p. injections of vindesine (0.2 mg/kg) or Adriamycin (2.5 mg/kg). When the same doses of these drugs were administered in combination with DFMO, the growth of this hepatoma was completely arrested. Combined treatment of BALB/c mice bearing s.c. solid EMT6 tumors with DFMO and adriamycin or vindesine also resulted in enhanced inhibition of tumor growth compared to single-drug therapy. These results indicate that combination of DFMO with vindesine or Adriamycin is an effective approach to the treatment of several animal cancers. PMID- 6796267 TI - Hexamethylmelamine and pentamethylmelamine tissue distribution in M5076/73A ovarian cancer-bearing mice. AB - The distribution of hexamethylmelamine (HMM), pentamethylmelamine (PMM), and their metabolites N2,N2,N4,N6-tetramethylmelamine (TMM) and N2,N4,N6 trimethylmelamine (TriMM) was investigated in different tissues of M5076/73A ovarian cancer-bearing mice given 100 mg/kg ip of either drug. The area-under-the curve (AUC) values of HMM and PMM, expressed in microgram/g x min after these drug treatments, were 2432 and 1296 in tumor, 6290 and 8141 in liver, 9779 and 21,294 in spleen, 6840 and 10,800 in kidney, 4003 and 4295 in heart, 1569 and 1327 in brain, 163,689 and 50,809 in adipose tissue, 88,725 and 45,070 in lymph nodes, 15,033 and 18,992 in small intestine, and 393 and 351 in plasma, respectively. The elimination rate of HMM for the different organs was similar, with a half-life of 37-48 mins; PMM disappeared with more variability, the half life being 19-46 mins. While TMM concentrations were not very different from those of HMM or PMM, TriMM was much higher in all organs evaluated, particularly the brain, where AUC values were 21-24 times those of the administered drug. PMID- 6796268 TI - Antitumor activity of N-diazoacetyl derivatives of glycine and phenylalanine against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma in mice. AB - N-Diazoacetyl derivatives of glycine and phenylalanine show antitumor activity in mice bearing P388 leukemia or B16 melanoma. The presented data indicate that antitumor activity is shown by diazomethylamide derivatives of glycine and phenylalanine, in addition to that already established for the amino acid derivatives having an O-diazoacetyl group (azaserine) or a diazoketone structure (DON and azotomycin) and for 1,2-bis-diazoacetyl ethane. PMID- 6796269 TI - Cisplatin hydration with and without mannitol diuresis in refractory disseminated malignant melanoma: a southwest oncology group study. AB - In a prospective phase II randomized trial, a dose of 100 mg/m2 iv cisplatin every 3 weeks plus forced hydration with or without mannitol diuresis was tested in patients with previously treated advanced malignant melanoma. A total of 67 patients were evaluated: 33 not given mannitol and 34 in the mannitol arm. Two partial remissions (of 2+ and 6.5 months) were achieved in the no-mannitol arm and one complete response and four partial responses (of 1, 2, 2.5, 5.5, and 8 months) were seen in the mannitol arm. Moderate, severe, and life-threatening renal toxicity was less in the mannitol arm, and patients tolerated more doses of cisplatin. The renal toxicity occurred mostly after the first dose of chemotherapy and did not seem to be cumulative. Other side effects were comparable in both arms. We concluded that renal toxicity is less severe in patients treated with cisplatin, hydration, and mannitol and that the use of cisplatin alone or in combination with other active agent(s) should be considered for further evaluation in previously untreated patients with malignant melanoma. PMID- 6796270 TI - Effects of two dosages of chlordesmethyldiazepam on mnestic-information processes in normal subjects. AB - A double-blind, randomized protocol was used to investigate the activity of a benzodiazepine derivative, chlordesmethyldiazepam, at two different dosages, 1 mg and 2 mg (CDDZ1 and CDDZ2), on mnestic functions and information processing in normal subjects. CDDZ2 significantly impaired short-term shortage of logical and associative memory, without activity on spatial and visual memory, whereas CDDZ1 showed no difference from the placebo. Neither CDDZ1 nor CDDZ2 impaired the level of vigilance and the information processes the morning after use of the drug. PMID- 6796271 TI - Ketamine fro postoperative analgesia after upper abdominal surgery. PMID- 6796272 TI - On the uptake of exogenous catecholamines by adrenal chromaffin cells and nerve endings. AB - Light-microscopic autoradiography has revealed characteristic labelling patterns in adrenal medullary cells following the intravenous administration of different catecholamines. The uptake patterns for [3H] dopa, [3H] dopamine, [3H] noradrenaline and [3H] adrenaline ahve been compared. In all cases A cells were more active than NA cells and cells situated in the zone nearest the cortex demonstrated a markedly higher rate of uptake than central cells. It was concluded that adjacent chromaffin cells with very similar morphology may differ as much as 50 fold in their capacities to incorporate exogenous amines. The adrenergic nature of te innervation of the vessels of the adrenal cortex and capsule in the mouse was confirmed. PMID- 6796273 TI - Role of interleukins 1 and 2 on human thymocyte mitogen activation. PMID- 6796274 TI - Low-dose restriction in Ir-gene control reflects susceptibility to tolerance induction. PMID- 6796275 TI - A random repertoire of V genes for T-cell receptors? Theoretical implications of recent experimental observations on T-cell specificity and self-restriction. PMID- 6796276 TI - [The levels of plasmatic FSH and LH during sexual development of girls (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796277 TI - [Complex evaluations of hormonal levels in disorders of the menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796278 TI - Biopharmaceutical study on the oral and rectal administrations of enamine prodrugs of amino acid-like beta-lactam antibiotics in rabbits. PMID- 6796279 TI - Studies on absorption promoters for rectal delivery preparations. I. Promoting efficacy of enamine derivatives of amino acids for the rectal absorption of beta lactam antibiotics in rabbits. PMID- 6796280 TI - Study of enamine derivatives of phenylglycine as adjuvants for the rectal absorption of insulin. PMID- 6796281 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in lesions caused by caustics in the upper digestive tract]. AB - The Authors report on their experience regarding lesions of the oesophago-gastric tract due to ingestion of caustic substances. Although prognosis of these patients is always severe, the reported data show that it can be improved by a prompt diagnostic and therapeutic approach. Firstly, a correct evaluation of the lesions through endoscopic examination at a very early stage is capable of guiding the search for the most effective therapy, which, in cases of necrotic, coagulative, haemorrhagic or in any way severe lesions, must always be surgical, begun as early as possible and accompanied by broad spectrum antibiotic cover and, above all, total parenteral feeding. PMID- 6796283 TI - Central nervous system workshop. PMID- 6796282 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations on gastric diverticula. Case reports]. PMID- 6796284 TI - Changes in toxic and antitumor properties of ftorafur by induction or inhibition of the microsomal enzymes activity. AB - The inducers of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes phenobarbital (PB) and 20 methylcholanthrene (MC) inhibited the lethargic effect of high doses of ftorafur in C57BL/6j mice, but stimulated the animal mortality at days 4-8 after the drug administration. The opposite effect has been obtained by the combination of ftorafur with the inhibitor of the microsomal enzymes SKF 525A. Animal pretreatment with PB or with PB + MC markedly enhanced the antineoplastic activity of ftorafur in Rauscher leukemia-, leukemia La-, or hemangiopericytoma bearing mice but seemed unlikely to afford any therapeutic advantage over this drug because the lethal toxicity of ftorafur was increased. PMID- 6796285 TI - Phase I clinical trial with a combination of methotrexate and mitomycin C. PMID- 6796286 TI - Effects of systemic hypertension on ischemic and nonischemic regional left ventricular function in awake, unsedated dogs after experimental coronary occlusion. AB - Hypertension and atherosclerotic coronary arterial obstruction frequently coexist in patients. However, the effect of increased aortic pressure on ischemic segmental dysfunction is not well understood. We studied the effects of aortic pressure increases on segmental left ventricular function during myocardial ischemia. Eighty-two dogs instrumented with three to six pairs of pulse-transit piezoelectric crystals were studied in an awake, unsedated state to measure segmental wall thickness. A pneumatic balloon occluder was positioned around the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD). Thirty-three dogs underwent LAD occlusion and served as normotensive controls (group A). Group B dogs (n = 23) received a 6-hour infusion of phenylephrine (PE) beginning 5 minutes after LAD occlusion to increase aortic diastolic arterial pressure to 120-130 mm Hg; aortic pressure was then allowed to return to normal for the subsequent 18 hours. The eight dogs in group C received a 6-hour infusion of PE, but no coronary arterial occlusion was produced. In group D (n = 12), distal constriction of the thoracic aorta was maintained for 24 hours after LAD occlusion. Regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) was measured with radioactive microspheres in six conscious dogs and both RMBF and intramyocardial PCO2 were measured in seven open-chest dogs to assess alterations in regional myocardial oxygen supply and demand. Segments of myocardium were arbitrarily grouped according to the amount of net systolic thickening (NET) present 5 minutes after LAD occlusion and before increasing aortic pressure: group 1 retained 67-100+% of control NET, group 2 0-67%, and group 3 less than 0% (paradoxic motion). In dogs receiving PE plus LAD occlusion and in dogs with aortic constriction and LAD occlusion, NET was transiently depressed in groups 1 and 2 compared with the normotensive cohort; 24 hours after occlusion, NET in groups 1, 2 and 3 did not differ significantly from that in the normotensive dogs. Systemic hypertension resulted in a significant increase in endocardial and midwall RMBF and, in seven open-chest dogs, decreased the intramyocardial accumulation of carbon dioxide after LAD occlusion. Increased aortic pressure in dogs without coronary occlusion produced reversible decreases in end-diastolic wall thickness, NET and LV dP/dt. Thus, the production of systemic hypertension with diastolic pressures of 110-120 mm Hg acutely or for 6 hours during evolving canine myocardial infarction does not appear to exert an important deleterious effect on myocardial oxygen supply and demand. However, 24 hours of mildly increased aortic pressure accentuates end-diastolic wall thinning in segments with paradoxic systolic motion and results in a failure of their return to control values at this period. PMID- 6796287 TI - Cardiovascular responses to exercise in middle-aged men after 10 days of bedrest. AB - The cardiorespiratory response to 10 days of continuous recumbency was assessed in 12 healthy men, age 50 +/- 4 years, who underwent supine and upright graded maximal exercise testing before and after bedrest. The decrease in peak oxygen uptake after bedrest was greater during upright exercise (15.1%, p less than 0.05) than during supine exercise (6.1%, NS): from 25.8 +/- 5.2 to 21.9 +/- 4.5 ml/kg/min and from 24.6 +/- 5.2 to 23.1 +/- 4.8 ml/kg/min. The decrease in submaximal work was also greater in the upright than in the supine position ( p less than 0.05). Ventilation volume was significantly elevated (p less than 0.05) after bedrest during maximal and submaximal effort in both the supine and upright positions. After bedrest, peak heart rate increased 5.7% and 5.9% during supine and upright testing, respectively (p less than 0.05). The increases in rate pressure product after bedrest were significantly larger (p less than 0.05) during upright than during supine exercise. These results indicate that orthostatic stress is the most important factor limiting exercise tolerance after bedrest in normal middle-aged men. This mechanism also increases the myocardial oxygen demands during submaximal effort after bedrest. Intermittent exposure to gravitational stress during the bedrest stage of hospital convalescence may obviate much of the deterioration in cardiovascular performance that follows myocardial infarction. PMID- 6796288 TI - The effects of lidoflazine on exercise performance and thallium stress scintigraphy in patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - Lidoflazine is a synthetic drug with calcium-channel blocking effects. In a 7 month study, 36 patients with stable angina pectoris were tested during a 3-month single-blind placebo phase. Nineteen were then randomized by double-blind methods to lidoflazine and 17 to placebo therapy. The lidoflazine group had a significant (p less than 0.01) reduction in anginal attacks; the placebo group did not. Exercise testing demonstrated that lidoflazine therapy was associated with a 34% increase in total work performance and a 15.6% increase in peak calculated oxygen uptake during double-blind treatment (both p less than 0.004 compared with the placebo group). Heart rate was significantly reduced at submaximal levels of exercise during lidoflazine therapy (p less than 0.04). Nitroglycerin consumption and electrocardiographic changes at the end of exercise did not change during the double-blind phase. In a second study of six similar patients, single-blind administration of lidoflazine was associated with improved myocardial perfusion during exercise as determined by thallium-201 stress scintigraphy. These studies demonstrate that lidoflazine therapy is associated with relief of angina, an increased physical work capacity, and improved regional myocardial perfusion during exercise. PMID- 6796289 TI - Superiority of verapamil to propranolol in stable angina pectoris: a double blind, randomized crossover trail. PMID- 6796290 TI - A direct radioimmunoassay for aldosterone in unextracted serum and plasma. AB - We describe a novel radioimmunoassay procedure for the direct estimation of aldosterone in unextracted plasma and serum samples, in which interfering binding proteins are digested by Proteinase K (Tritirachium alkaline proteinase, EC 3.4.21.14), a powerful proteolytic enzyme. Heating at 75 degrees C for 15 min inactivates the enzyme before radioimmunoassay. Alternatively, EDTA may be used to inactivate the enzyme. The antibody-bound fraction is then precipitated with polyethylene glycol and isolated by centrifugation. This easy method eliminates extraction and purification and gives accurate and reliable results. The total time required for 100 estimations, including counting time, is about 6 h. PMID- 6796291 TI - Centrifugal analysis with automated sequential reagent addition: measurement of serum calcium. AB - We describe an automated method for calcium assay, for use with the Cobas-Bio centrifugal analyzer. Calcium is reacted with cresolphthalein complexone and the absorbance of the calcium--dye complex at 575 nm is measured. EDTA is then added to break up the calcium--dye complex and the absorbance at 575 nm is re-measured, to correct for endogenous color and turbidity. Day-to-day precision data, determined over four months, were as follows: mean = 92.9 mg/L, CV = 1.47%; n = 216; mean = 128.7 mg/L, CV = 1.72%; n = 216. Comparison of the Cobas-Bio method (y) with an atomic absorption spectrometric method (x) gave the following results: y = 1.012x--2.05, r = 0.991, Sy/x = 1.2, mean x = 92.63 mg/L, mean y = 91.69 mg/L, n = 74. Hemoglobin, bilirubin, or turbidity does not interfere. At the medical decision value (110 mg/L), the overall analytical error is 4.6 mg/L, which is less than the 5 mg/L allowable (95% confidence limit) error. PMID- 6796292 TI - Lipid and apolipoprotein levels in patients with nephrotic syndrome. AB - Plasma lipids and 6 plasma apolipoproteins (apoA-I, apoA-II, apoB, apoC-I, apoC II and apoC-III) were studied in 23 patients with nephrotic syndrome. The elevated total cholesterol, triglyceride and apoB levels in nephrotic patients decreased gradually, after the disappearance of proteinuria. During the acute stage high density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as the sum of apoA-I and apoA II were similar in the patients and the controls. ApoA-I and apoA-II were transiently elevated during the recovery stage. All three apoC proteins (apoC-I, apoC-II and apoC-III) were elevated during the acute stage. A significant decrease in apoC-I, apoC-II and apoC-III was observed during the first 3 weeks after normalization of the urine protein. The ratio of apoC-II/apoC-III was reduced during the first 4 weeks after normalization of urine protein and then returned to the control level. The results suggest that as far as total levels are concerned, changes of apoC-II, apoC-III and the ratio of apoC-II/apoC-III appear to have no effect on the development of hyperlipidemia in th nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6796293 TI - Highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human IgE with beta-D galactosidase from Escherichia coli. AB - A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human IgE was developed. Polystyrene balls were coated with goat anti-human IgE immunoglobulin (IgG) by physical adsorption. Goat anti-human IgE Fab' was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. Using thus prepared anti-IgE-coated polystyrene balls and anti-IgE-beta-D galactosidase conjugate, 0.2 mU (2 amol)--1 U of IgE per assay could be determined. When 0.1 microliter of serum per assay was used, the range of IgE levels in serum that could be determined was 2--10000 U/ml, and even 0.01 U/ml was measurable by using 20 microliters of serum. The regression equation and coefficient for correlation to radioimmunoassay were gamma (RIA) = 0.94 chi (EIA) + 18.2 and 0.96 (n = 81), respectively. The coefficients of within- and between assay variations ranged from 5.4 to 8.5%. The mean levels of serum IgE determined by the present assay were 103 U/ml in 70 normal children and 1064 U/ml in 38 children with bronchial asthma. PMID- 6796294 TI - Abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary function in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction was found in two patients with polyostotic fibrous dysplasia and leontiasis ossea. Both patients probably had McCune- Albright syndrome with early sexual development, disfiguring craniofacial bone lesions, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and gigantism in childhood. Endocrinological studies revealed measurable plasma growth hormone throughout a 24-h sampling period with preservation of sleep augmented rises. The mean 24-h values were 329 and 7 ng/ml, respectively. Both their mean plasma prolactin concentrations, 385 and 45 ng/ml, and the 24-h secretory patterns of prolactin were abnormal. One patient had an elevated mean plasma cortisol concentration of 8.5 micrograms/dl but the 24-h pattern of cortisol secretion was normal. Basal plasma LH, FSH, TSH, T4 and T3 concentrations were normal but neither patient had a TSH response to TRH. Prolactin and growth hormone secretions were, however, increased after TRH. Oral glucose resulted in partial suppression of GH but an exaggerated insulin response in both patients. Post-mortem in one patient revealed a thick calvarium with bony encasement of the pituitary gland. The pituitary and hypothalamus appeared normal on gross, light microscopic and electronmicroscopic examination. These data strongly suggest the presence of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in these two patients. PMID- 6796295 TI - Endocrine assessment of the subfertile male. AB - Sixty-three male (XY) patients attending a subfertility clinic with average sperm density under 40 million/ml were studied by testicular biopsy and multiple basal estimations of plasma LH, FSH, testosterone as well as LHRH (50 micrograms i.v.) stimulation. A further forty patients with similar sperm densities also had testicular biopsy but only single estimations of the three hormones. A single basal FSH was found to be the best discriminator of testicular histologies. Patients with testicular biopsies showing germ cell aplasia in some or all seminiferous tubules (grades 3 and 4) had significantly higher basal FSH than those with hypospermatogenesis, germ cell arrest or normal appearance (grades 1 and 2). Basal FSH also showed a linear trend rising with decreasing sperm density but only rose above the normal range when sperm densities fell below 1 million/ml. When basal FSH, testicular histology and sperm density were considered together in the whole group (n = 100), high levels of FSH accurately indicated the presence of germ cell aplasia in some or all seminiferous tubules in azoo- and oligospermic men with sperm density under 5 million/ml. Normal FSH and azoospermia is diagnostic of obstruction in the excurrent ducts, and further investigation is undertaken if surgical correction of the obstruction is contemplated. Hormone estimations are not helpful in oligospermic patients with average sperm density over 5 million/ml. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that there is little place for the LHRH test in the routine assessment of male subfertility. Testicular biopsy is indicated only in oligospermic patients with average sperm density under 5 million/ml and normal basal FSH. PMID- 6796296 TI - Testicular function after renal transplantation. AB - Gonadal function was assessed in seventeen adult male renal transplant recipients, with well established good homograft function, for a mean of 4.9 years. Patients were assessed clinically and by measurement of basal concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone and oestradiol, FSH and LH responses to bolus injections of LHRH and semen analysis. Retrospectively all had symptoms consistent with marked hypogonadism prior to transplantation but in nine out of sixteen this was reversed with transplantation. Residual hypogonadism was evident in seven of sixteen patients and correlated with duration of haemodialysis longer than 1 year (P less than 0.01). Even among patients with clinically normal gonadal function, defects in the hypothalamic--pituitary- testicular axis remained. Elevated basal serum FSH, excessive FSH responses to LHRH and lowered basal serum testosterone were found. In the group with residual hypogonadism more marked changes, including elevated basal LH and excessive LH responses to LHRH, were also found. Fertility was recorded in two men on three occasions since transplantation. Sperm counts were normal in five and abnormal in four patients. Testicular volume and sperm density were inversely correlated with basal and stimulated FSH and LH levels. PMID- 6796297 TI - Secretion of LH, FSH, and PRL shown by cell culture and immunocytochemistry of human functionless pituitary adenomas. AB - Hormone secretion by ten functionless human pituitary adenomas in cell culture has been measured, and compared with tissue immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, as well as results with a normal pituitary. Patients presented following routine x-ray and had no clinical or biochemical endocrine abnormality apart form one male with raised serum FSH and PRL, normal LH, and low testosterone. Of the ten adenomas, nine secreted both LH and FSH in cell culture and five of these also secreted PRL, one did not secrete any anterior pituitary hormones (ACTH was not measured). No GH or TSH was detectable in the cultures of the nine LH/FSH secretors excluding the possibility of contamination by normal anterior pituitary. The normal pituitary cells secreted all anterior pituitary hormones: the amounts of FSH/LH being comparable with those of the adenomas. Immunostaining confirmed the cell culture results and showed the adenoma FSH/LH cells to be scattered singly or in small groups of two to five cells with both hormones usually being in the same cell. PRL where found was in separate cells. Hormone granules were small (50-160nm), round or irregular and scattered in the cytoplasm of rounded cell of low secretory activity. The negatively staining cells were not different ultrastructurally to those staining positively. It is concluded that a significant proportion of functionless pituitary adenomas have detectable low levels of LH/FSH secretion often accompanied by PRL when examined by cell culture or immunocytochemistry. Although these adenomas were endocrinologically quiescent activity could have been masked because of post menopausal secretion and one male probably had and FSH-secreting adenoma. PMID- 6796298 TI - The effect of fenclofenac on thyroid function. AB - The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent fenclofenac competitively inhibits the binding of thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) by thyroxine-binding globulin(TBG). Eight male volunteers completed a 4-week study during which they took fenclofenac 600 mg twice daily. The concentration of fenclofenac in serum reached a plateau after 1 week of therapy after which the mean concentration(+/SEM) of the drug in serum was 78.6 o.2 mg/1. During the steady state period on treatment there were reductions of the mean serum concentrations of total T4 to 35% (P less than 0.001), total T3 to 55% (P less than 0.001), free T4 to 69% (P less than 0.001) and free T3 to 90% (NS) of the respective pretreatment values. There were also significant changes in the concentrations of thyrotropin and reverse T3 in serum. After starting treatment with fenclofenac serum concentrations of thyrotrophin fell to a nadir after 2-4 days at which time the mean concentration was 34% (P less than 0.01) of the pretreatment value, whilst reverse T3 values increased to a maximum of 136% (P less than 0.001) of the pretreatment values over 1-2 days. There was subsequently an increase of the thyrotrophin and a reduction in reverse T3 concentrations to normal by 2 weeks of pretreatment. Transient pituitary suppression was also suggested by the response to to thryotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH): 7 days after starting fenclofenac the mean thyrotrophin response was 62% (P less than 9.001) of the pretreatment value. After 4 weeks of fenclofenac the response of TRH had returned to normal. After discontinuing fenclofenac there was a transient increase in the mean concentration of thyrotrophin in serum, to 129% of the pretreatment value (P less than 0.001), with a subsequent return to normal. Four weeks after discontinuing fenclofenac the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and thyrotrophin were normal. PMID- 6796299 TI - Bromocriptine and oestrogen modulation of gonadotrophin release in normo- and hyperprolactinaemic patients with amenorrhoea. PMID- 6796300 TI - The dynamics of prolactin secretion during the puerperium in women. AB - This study deals with serum prolactin concentrations during various conditions in the early puerperium in an attempt to investigate some characteristics of the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of the lactotropes. In nursing, in non nursing, non-medicated and in non-nursing, bromocriptine-treated women prolactin and 17 beta-oestradiol were measured during the early puerperium. In the first and the third group this was repeated during and after challenge with oestradiol benzoate. The pituitary responsiveness to TRH was also determined in these two groups, challenged and unchallenged with oestradiol-benzoate. Nursing women had higher prolactin levels than the non-nursing groups, while bromocriptine decreased prolactin to very low levels. Non-nursing non-medicated women had prolactin values between those of nursing and those of bromocriptine-treated mothers. The already elevated prolactin levels in nursing women were not influenced by chronic oestradiol administration. In non-nursing puerperal women treated with bromocriptine, exogenous oestradiol caused a significant rise in plasma prolactin. The prolactin response to TRH in nursing women was clearly reduced in comparison with the normal menstrual cycle. In the bromocriptine treated group the basal concentration of prolactin and its response to TRH stimulation was similar to normal non-pregnant women. In nursing and in non nursing women treated with bromocriptine prolactin responses to TRH were increased after oestradiol challenge. PMID- 6796302 TI - LHRH test in Bartter's syndrome before and during treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. AB - LHRH tests were performed in two children with Bartter's syndrome before and during treatment with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. Before treatment, in patient 1 both basal and peak FSH and LH levels were elevated; in patient 2 basal and peak FSH levels were above the normal range, while basal and peak LH levels were normal. During treatment with an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, abnormal values decreased into the normal range. These results support a possible role of endogenous prostaglandins in regulating gonadotrophin secretion in humans. PMID- 6796301 TI - Abnormal regulation of prolactin secretion after successful surgery for prolactin secreting pituitary tumours. AB - Patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumours have a diminished prolactin (PRL) response after administration of a variety of stimulatory agents, including thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH), chlorpromazine (CPZ) and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. We examined responses to these agents in sixty-seven women with PRL-secreting tumours before and after trans-sphenoidal surgery. Twenty-nine of the women were cured as defined by restoration of normal serum PRL concentrations and resumption of regular menses. One year following trans-sphenoidal surgery, patients with normal PRL concentrations and regular menses had normal PRL responses to TRH, while the responses to CPZ and insulin hypoglycaemia were not improved. The reversible impairment of PRL response to TRH reflects suppressed function of normal PRL-secreting cells, and the persistence of abnormal PRL responses to provocative stimuli after successful tumour removal may reflect some fundamental defect in the regulation of PRL secretion in patients with PRL secreting adenomas. When growth hormone (GH) reserve after insulin hypoglycaemia was represented as the mean absolute increment above the basal concentration and compared with normal subjects, women with PRL-secreting tumours had a diminished response that returned to normal after successful surgery. This reversible impairment of GH secretion is not adequately reflected by standard criteria for GH response and suggests that PRL may have a role in the regulation of GH secretion. PMID- 6796303 TI - The influence of carbamazepine on thyroid hormones and thyroxine binding globulin in hypothyroid patients substituted with thyroxine. AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ) decreases the serum concentration of thyroid hormones. It is proposed that CBZ increases the extra-thyroidal metabolism of thyroid hormones. In order to test this hypothesis CBZ was given to nine hypothyroid patients substituted with thyroxine (T4). A significant decrease in serum concentrations of T4, calculated free T4 (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calculated free T3(FT3) was found after 3 weeks of CBZ medication. The serum concentrations of TSH and the T4:T3 ratios were unaltered, while the serum concentrations of T4 binding globulin (TBG) increased markedly in eight of the nine patients. These findings support the hypothesis of a CBZ induced increase in the extra-thyroidal metabolism of thyroid hormones. PMID- 6796304 TI - Inter-relationship between changing patterns of LHRH and gonadotrophins in the menstrual cycle. AB - Optimum conditions for a sensitive and highly precise radioimmunoassay of LHRH were established. Precipitation and removal of interfering substances and concentration of the resultant LHRH extracts from peripheral plasma were also achieved. Using these methods, daily plasma LHRH levels in females with normal menstrual cycles were measured and correlated with the corresponding LH and FSH levels. The levels of LHRH in the peripheral plasma of postmenopausal females, as well as eugonadal males, were also determined. The LHRH profile in normal cycling women was found to be cyclic but the peak LHRH levels were observed at the beginning of the rise in LH and FSH levels and preceded the midcycle surge of gonadotrophins. The LHRH levels in the luteal phase (19.8 +/- 1.1 pg/ml, mean +/- SEM) were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those in the follicular phase (16.5 +/- 0.5 pg/ml) of the menstrual cycle. A high degree of correlation (r = 0.91) was seen between the immunoreactivity and biological activity of the extracted LHRH. PMID- 6796305 TI - Relation of HCG-stimulated steroidogenesis to serum FSH, LH and prolactin in man. PMID- 6796306 TI - Control of gonadotrophin secretion by steroid hormones in castrated male transsexuals. II. Effects of androgens alone and in combination with oestradiol on the secretions of FSH and LH. AB - Twenty-nine infusions in twenty castrated male transsexual volunteers were carried out over a period of 7 h with subjects lying in the supine position. The effects of different doses of testosterone and its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites as well as the effect of testosterone in combination with oestradiol on gonadotrophin secretion were evaluated. Different and varying degrees of suppression of plasma levels of FSH and LH were observed. The infusions of 2.4 mg testosterone, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha-17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol), 5 alpha androstan-3 beta-17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol) but not dihydrotestosterone (DHT) caused significant suppression of LH. FSH, on the other hand was not significantly inhibited by the androgens at this rate. At higher doses all four androgens suppressed LH secretion significantly. FSH was similarly suppressed by the androgens except by DHT. A differential effect on FSH and LH secretions was noted with the combined regime of testosterone and oestradiol. The combined regime did not cause a significantly higher degree of FSH suppression compared with either 200 microgram of oestradiol or 12 mg of testosterone infused alone. The level of LH, however, was suppressed to a greater extent than either of the hormones when given alone. The inhibitory effect of testosterone demonstrated in this study could be due to the parent hormone or its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites. Pharmacological doses of testosterone could exert a greater degree of LH suppression through its conversion to oestradiol. It is likely that oestradiol and testosterone act on gonadotrophin secretion through different mechanisms and that they have an additive suppressive effect on the secretion of LH but not FSH. The potencies for the androgens to suppress gonadotrophin secretion can be ranked as: 3 alpha-diol = 3 beta-diol greater than testosterone greater than dihydrotestosterone. PMID- 6796307 TI - Limitations of a new free thyroxine assay (Amerlex free T4). AB - We have assessed a new method of free T4 measurement (Amerlex) which uses a novel unidentified T4-labelled analogue, said to be unreactive with T4 binding proteins in serum, together with an antibody that binds both analogue and T4. Free T4 is assessed by competition with analogue for antibody binding-sites. The test method has been compared with free T4 measured by equilibrium dialysis and with a technique using an immobilized T4 antibody. All methods gave the expected free T4 levels in normal, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid subjects and normal free T4 levels with high or low levels of T4 binding globulin. However, in autosomal dominant familial euthyroid T4-excess, where T4 is abnormally bound to albumin, the test method gave apparent high free T4 levels suggestive of hyperthyroidism. In a selected group of severely-ill euthyroid patients the new method gave apparent low free T4 levels. In view of these discrepancies, binding of labelled analogue was evaluated by dextran-charcoal separation of 4 degraees C. Familial euthyroid T4-excess sera showed greater analogue binding and samples with low prealbumin concentration showed less binding than did normal sera. Despite its validity with variations in TBG, it appears that Amerlex Free T4 is influenced by lower affinity, high-capacity T4 binding sites in serum, so that apparent free T4 concentration may vary with changes in the concentration of such sites. PMID- 6796308 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of TBG im mophase-TBG kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796309 TI - Carrier detection in Sanfilippo syndrome type B: report of six families. AB - Serum samples from 175 individuals in six Sanfilippo syndrome type B (SFB) families and 360 White controls were assayed for serum alpha-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. Only minimal overlap was observed between the controls' NAG activity distribution and that of the 12 obligate heterozygotes. The distribution of NAG activity was log transformed to reduce skewness, and segregation of family members with a prior risk of being a SFB carrier was well within expected limits. However, in one consanguineous family the NAG activity of both parents of one SFB obligate heterozygote was within the normal range for NAG activity. Plausible explanations for this finding are discussed. Additionally, the serum NAG activity of one control and her mother were found to lie within one standard deviation of the obligate heterozygote mean. These individuals are most probably carriers for SFB. PMID- 6796310 TI - Genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability in the Sanfilippo syndrome (types A, B, and C). AB - A study of 73 patients with the Sanfilippo syndrome (36 patients with Sanfilippo A disease, 23 with Sanfilippo B disease and 14 with Sanfilippo C disease) revealed both intertype and intratype variability. The course of the disease was relatively mild in Sanfilippo B disease and dementia was less severe. Type A showed earlier onset with more severe clinical manifestations and an earlier age at death. Sanfilippo C disease was slightly less severe than Sanfilippo A disease. The intratype variability may be explained in part by differences in genetic and environmental background. In Sanfilippo B disease, genetic heterogeneity is suggested by the observation of a more severe and a mild variant, and this variation may be due to the involvement of different allelic mutations. The intrafamilial variability of the different types was small, but in three families with Sanfilippo B disease intrafamilial variability was evident. PMID- 6796311 TI - Multiple forms of membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in Gaucher's disease. AB - Two forms of membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in the spleen of normal individuals were distinguished by their thermostability properties. The heat-labile form A predominates; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of the natural substrate, glucosylceramide, and is activated by the detergent, sodium taurocholate. The minor heat-stable form B is inactive against glucosylceramide and is inhibited by taurocholate. The activity of form A increases from childhood to adult life, as does the activity of the soluble beta-glucosidase and of glucosylceramide beta glucosidase. In the spleen of nine patients with different types of Gaucher's disease the residual membrane-bound beta-glucosidase was predominantly heat stable and inhibited by taurocholate. There was no clear correlation between the properties of the residual enzyme in the different types of the disorder and their respective clinical severity. The results are discussed in relation to the biochemical pathogenesis and the enzymatic diagnosis of Gaucher's disease. PMID- 6796312 TI - Denervation and the immune response in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - C57B1 mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain trypomastigotes and showed a peak of parasitaemia 9 days after infection. Virtually all mice survived the acute stage of infection and were aparasitaemic thereafter. Coincident with the peak of parasitaemia, there was a progressive loss of cardiac neurones (up to the 20th day after infection) and an appearance of T. cruzi antigen on myofibres. Anti-parasite immunity, evidenced by a significant inhibition of macrophage migration in the presence of T. cruzi antigens (MIF test) and the deposition of complement and immunoglobulin in vivo around the nests of parasites, developed between days 7-10 after infection. Immunity to "self' components (MIF) test using neurone and heart antigens) was not detected until 15 20 days after infection. Although the MIF test detected a progressive increase in anti-neurone immunity between 20-90 days after infection, there was no additional loss of cardiac neurones during this period. In contrast to current hypotheses, these data suggest that the immunity to heart and neuronal antigens commonly detected in animals infected with T. cruzi is the result rather than the cause, of host cell destruction. PMID- 6796313 TI - Comparative effects of carrageenan on systemic candidiasis and listeriosis in mice. AB - Carrageenan, a toxic substance for the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), increase drastically the susceptibility of mice against Listeria monocytogenes challenge but induces concurrently an increasing resistance against systemic candidiasis and granulocytosis. These results corroborate the minor role played by MPS and suggest that polymorphonuclear cells play a major role in non-specific resistance of mice against systemic candidiasis. PMID- 6796314 TI - Differentiation between benign and malignant monoclonal gammopathy by the presence of the J chain. AB - Malignant monoclonal gammopathy (MMG) cannot easily be distinguished from the benign (BMG) form in a number of cases. Using two different anti-J chain reagents it could be shown in the present study that in MMG, J chain is present in most of the IgG-containing plasma cells in the bone marrow. In BMG, the frequency of J chain-containing IgG plasma cells is low and not different from that obtained in healthy individuals. Essentially similar findings regarding idiotype were obtained, using anti-idiotype conjugates, specific for the patients' monoclonal immunoglobulins. In one patient malignancy was indicated by the presence of a high percentage of J chain-containing IgG plasma cells in the bone marrow, prior to clinical expression of multiple myeloma. PMID- 6796315 TI - Immune complexes in cord serum: influence of sex, gestational age, and Rh- blood group--possible predictive value of high levels for early postnatal infections. AB - The levels of immune complexes (IC) were found to be lower in the cord sera of healthy full-term neonates than in the sera of blood donors. Among 26 neonates with high levels of IC, 21 (80%) were boys. IC levels were lower in neonates born before 37 weeks of gestation as they were in Rh- neonates. The main finding was that neonates with high levels of IC constitute a population at risk of developing an infection during the first week after birth: 48% as against only 9.5% with normal levels of IC, IC levels did not correlate with either the concentration of IgM, orosomucoid, bilirubin or the leucocyte count in cord blood nor were they clearly dependent on parity. PMID- 6796316 TI - Selective deficiency of the fourth component of complement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): immunochemical and biological studies. AB - A 45-year-old female (J.B.) with clinically inactive systemic lupus erythematosus was devoid of haemolytic serum complement activity. Functional and immunoprecipitin assays showed that the complement defect was due to lack of the fourth component of complement (C4). The patient's serum and red cells were Chido negative, Rodgers-negative. In J.B.'s serum there was marked impairment of opsonization of Staphylococcus aureus and of the formation of chemotactic activity in the presence of zymosan. The chemotactic defect was not due to the presence of inhibitory factors: the activity was increased by the addition of C4. These findings suggest that an intact classical pathway is necessary for the optimal generation of serum chemotactic factors by zymosan via the alternative pathway of the complement system. PMID- 6796317 TI - Characterization of an amyloid fibril protein from localized amyloidosis of the skin as lambda immunoglobulin light chains of variable subgroup I (A lambda I). AB - Amyloid fibrils obtained from a case (Hud) of localized, tumorous amyloidosis of the skin were investigated by immunological and biochemical methods including amino acid sequence studies. Evidence was obtained that a lambda immunoglobulin light chain protein, A lambda I, and differently sized N terminal fragments (mol. wt 14,000 and 10,000) of the same protein comprised a major component of the fibrils. The chemical nature of this protein suggested that this case of cutaneous amyloidosis belonged to the idiopathic form of amyloidosis, probably as a special type of systemic, idiopathic amyloid disease. PMID- 6796318 TI - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in glomerular nephropathies. AB - Levels of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor were measured in 105 patients affected by glomerulonephritis either of primary origin or associated with systemic diseases. The median plasma concentration of factor VIII-related antigen was significantly higher in the patients than in healthy controls. Amongst patients with primary glomerulonephritis, higher levels were observed in minimal change nephropathy than in other types. In patients with secondary glomerulonephritis, plasma factor VIII-related antigen was particularly elevated in lupus nephritis and in renal amyloidosis. Altogether, patients with the nephrotic syndrome showed higher levels than patients with lesser degrees of proteinuria. A negative correlation was found between the plasma concentration of factor VIII-related antigen and that of serum albumin but no correlation was observed with the extent of proteinuria. In 48 patients, plasma factor-VIII procoagulant activity was also measured and found to be elevated to the same extent as factor VIII-related antigen in the majority of cases. The urinary excretion of factor VIII-related antigen, evaluated in 72 patients, was found in variable amounts in 31 cases without any correlation with proteinuria. Glomerular deposits of factor VIII-related antigen were an uncommon finding. After 24 months, there was no clear evidence of an unfavourable association between increased plasma levels of factor VIII-related antigen and the course of the disease. Our findings suggest that the measurement of levels of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in plasma or urine must be interpreted with caution in predicting the clinical course of patients affected by glomerular disease. PMID- 6796319 TI - Arterial hypoxemia during hemodialysis for acute renal failure in mechanically ventilated patients: observations and mechanisms. PMID- 6796320 TI - Blood transfusion and blood bank management in a tropical country. PMID- 6796321 TI - Extensive spinal osteophytosis as a risk factor for heterotopic bone formation after total hip arthroplasty. AB - Observations on 54 patients present circumstantial evidence of a relationship between an underlying spinal ossifying diathesis and the heterotopic bone formation following total hip arthroplasty. This relationship should be investigated in a larger patient population to determine whether a spine-hip diathesis exists and could account for some patients with this complication. If it can be statistically substantiated, spinal roentgenograms may provide a preoperative screening procedure for the identification of "a population at risk" of heterotopic bone formation who might benefit from a prophylactic medical regimen. PMID- 6796322 TI - Central ventilatory depression by oral propranolol. AB - Propranolol, 20 mg, was given orally four times daily for 5 days and placebo four times daily for 5 days in a randomized, double-blind fashion to nine healthy subjects. At the beginning of the study and on the last day of each medication pulse rate, blood pressure, airways resistance, maximum expiratory flow versus volume (using air and using 80% helium and 20% oxygen), spirometry before and after inhaled isoproterenol, and ventilatory and occlusion pressure responses to rebreathing carbon dioxide were measured. Results were compared by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Propranolol was associated with decreases in pulse rate (P = 0.002), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.024), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.027). There were no differences in airway resistance or the change of expiratory flow with helium-oxygen. Propranolol did not alter the preisoproterenol spirometry values but did reduce the response to isoproterenol. There were decreases in ventilatory responses (P = 0.004) and occlusion pressure responses (P = 0.006) at an end-tidal carbon dioxide of 60 mm Hg. Propranolol's beta-adrenergic blockade suppresses central ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. PMID- 6796323 TI - Cervical dysphagia: pharyngeal protrusions and achalasia. AB - Cervical achalasia, webs, and pharyngeal protrusions, particularly Zenker's diverticula, are prominent sources of upper alimentary tract dysphagia. Since achalasia and webs can secondarily cause pharyngeal protrusions, they may coexist, and must be ruled out before commencing treatment. The nature and origin of these entities and means of radiographic distinction are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the various forms of lateral pharyngeal protrusion, which are the most poorly understood. PMID- 6796324 TI - [Current levels of cadmium in living organisma: physiopathological, clinical and therapeutic considerations]. PMID- 6796325 TI - [Diuretics. II]. PMID- 6796326 TI - Metabolic emergencies. AB - All patients in stupor or coma should undergo blood chemistry studies, including blood gases. The anion gap and serum osmolality must be calculated in all patients. An indwelling catheter to monitor urine content and volume is essential. Electrocardiogram monitoring is indicated in all significant metabolic acidosis, especially for evaluation of intracellular potassium effect and arrhythmias. Repeated arterial monitoring of blood gases and electrolytes is essential with the use of flow sheets. Sodium lactate and Ringer's solution should never be given in an emergency care area. Large doses of insulin (100+ units intravenously) are not necessary or indicated in diabetic ketoacidosis and may be contraindicated and dangerous especially in HHNKC. Intravenous or intramuscular regular insulin after urine tests for glucose and ketones alone should not be given. Urine dilution of serum ketones is useless, and serum dilution may be grossly misleading and contraindicated: arterial studies are much more reliable. PMID- 6796327 TI - Effect of fluoridation on the cost of dental treatment among urban Scottish schoolchildren. AB - Dental treatment needs of 230 children aged 4 and 5 years and 288 aged 9 and 10 years who were lifetime residents of two towns, one fluoridated and the other non fluoridated, were costed on the Resource Related Index. This index is based on the British National Health Service scale of fees for general dental practitioners. The overall cost of dental treatment required by 4- and 5-year olds in the fluoridated community was 45% less than in the non-fluoridated community, The corresponding difference for 9- and 10-year-olds was 47%. The differences in the cost of treatment for dental caries only (fillings, extractions and general anaesthetics) were 56% in 4- and 5-year-olds and 76% in 9 and 10-year-olds in favour of the fluoridated community. In the latter community, no child examined required dental extractions under general anaesthesia. Certain assumptions made in the study and the implications of the findings in terms of cost savings brought about by fluoridation are discussed. PMID- 6796328 TI - Pituitary response to LHRH stimulation in women on oral contraceptives: a followup dose response study. AB - Gonadotropic response to bolus intravenous injection of LHRH was measured in 36 women. Thirty of them were taking five different oral contraceptive preparations with six women in each category, and the remaining six served as controls. 150 micrograms LHRH was given during cycle days 20-25. Serum samples were obtained prior to the bolus injection and at 20 minute intervals for two hours. Five different oral contraceptive agents were selected to compare different progestins with same type and dose of estrogen, and different type or dose of estrogen with same type and dose of progestins. Significant suppression of LH response to LHRH stimulation ws observed in the agents containing 50 mcg of ethinyl estradiol or mestranol. No such suppression was noted in the product containing only 20 mcg of ethinyl estradiol. In comparing the different type of estrogenic or progestational components, no statistically significant differences in LH response were demonstrated. This finding suggests that it is not the individual component alone, but the combined action of estrogenic and progestational components which determines the potency of an oral contraceptive agent. PMID- 6796329 TI - Effects of gossypol on pituitary-ovarian endocrine function, ovulation and fertility in female hamsters. AB - Oral administration of gossypol acetic acid altered pituitary and ovarian hormones during proestrus and estrus in hamsters. These changes in endocrine function were not however, accompanied by alterations of estrous cycle length, number of ovulations or pregnancy rates. Changes in body weight and appearance of the liver suggested that female hamsters may be more susceptible than males to the the toxic effects of gossypol. PMID- 6796330 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome: the acute stage. PMID- 6796331 TI - Pancreatic islet banking: the transplantation of frozen-thawed rat islets transported between centers. PMID- 6796332 TI - Extension of localized freeze injury in barley by acute post-thaw bacterial disease. PMID- 6796333 TI - Are you listening? Clinical assessment skills. PMID- 6796334 TI - Critical care nursing. PMID- 6796335 TI - Name that acid-base. PMID- 6796336 TI - Drug corner: nitroglycerin ointment. PMID- 6796337 TI - The T-cell receptor problem. PMID- 6796338 TI - Studies in short-course chemotherapy for tuberculosis. Basis for short-course chemotherapy. PMID- 6796340 TI - Ciliary function in mucus transport. PMID- 6796339 TI - Brucella mellitensis endocarditis on a porcine heterograft bioprosthesis. AB - A Brucella mellitensis endocarditis on a Hancock valve bioprosthesis is reported. The patient was successfully treated by a combination of valve replacement, wide surgical debridement of the aortic annulus and medical treatment with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Brucella endocarditis on a bioprosthesis. PMID- 6796341 TI - Traumatic brain lacerations in children: surgical results and follow-up. AB - 75 children ranging in age from 3 months to 14 years, operated on for post traumatic cerebral lacerations, within an 18-year period, have been analyzed. These represent 2.1% of 3,460 children sustaining head injury and hospitalized during this same period. Total mortality was 16%. The cases were divided into 2 groups: (A) cerebral lacerations underlying a depressed fracture (coup lesion) -- 68 cases. In 42 cases the lacerations were focal without edema and/or intracerebral hematoma. 1 child died and 41 survived. In 26 cases the laceration was diffuse and accompanied by cerebral edema and/or intracerebral hematoma. 6 children died and 20 survived. (B) Brain lacerations following a contrecoup lesion -- 7 cases, 5 of these children died and 2 survived. The follow-up of the surviving patients in the above two groups has been discussed. PMID- 6796342 TI - Intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal dissemination of medulloblastoma. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid dissemination of medulloblastoma occurs despite adequate systemic chemotherapy, and unless it is present at the time of initial diagnosis, occurs late in the course of the disease. Intrathecal chemotherapy with an implanted Ommaya reservoir can produce short-term benefit. We report here our protocol for and the results of intrathecal chemotherapy for leptomeningeal dissemination of medulloblastoma. PMID- 6796343 TI - Computed tomography in von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - Though we knew it would be difficult to predict whether a child having von Recklinghausen's disease would develop a central nervous system lesion in the future, we tried to find a clue to this question in our study, by comparing computed tomography (CT) findings of 18 children with those of 21 adults. 55% of the children and 85% of the adults showed abnormal findings on CT. The most common finding was mild ventricular dilatation without periventricular hypodensity. Some of them showed ventricular stasis without block on radioisotope cisternography. PMID- 6796344 TI - Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Preliminary report. PMID- 6796345 TI - Diabetic complications. PMID- 6796346 TI - Acupuncture anesthesia in neurosurgery. PMID- 6796347 TI - Crohn's disease. Clinicopathologic manifestations and differential diagnosis from enterocolonic tuberculosis. PMID- 6796348 TI - Preliminary clinical experience with Chinese bioprosthetic heart valves. PMID- 6796349 TI - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital anomalies of the atlanto-occipital region. PMID- 6796350 TI - Effects of bean meal on serum cholesterol and triglycerides. PMID- 6796351 TI - Relationship of Chinese lumbar spine morphometry with lumbar vertebral canal stenosis. PMID- 6796352 TI - [Preparation of highly potent lyophilized tetanus antitoxin (author's transl)]. AB - The neutralizing antibody titre of tetanus antitoxin could be elevated 3.19 times by the purification of the antitoxin with pepsin digestion method, which is superior to ammonium sulfate salting out method by 1.5 times. But the antitoxin recovery rate by the pepsin digestion method was about 65.37% of the salting out method. Addition of 2% glycine significantly improved the solubility of lyophilized antitoxin. The effective period of liquid antitoxin was 1 year, while that of lyophilized products could be as long as 5 years. PMID- 6796353 TI - [Experiences in the treatment of leukemias (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796354 TI - [The application of B-scan ultrasonography in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796355 TI - [Cryotherapy of oculofacial hemangioma with liquid nitrogen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796356 TI - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of orbital tumors (report of 82 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796357 TI - [Clinical report of transparent silicone intraocular lens implantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796358 TI - [50 cases with IOL transparent silicone anterior chamber suture type implantation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796359 TI - [Preliminary report on clinical use of intraocular lens with analysis of 58 eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796360 TI - [Further studies on cataract extraction by silicone adhesion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796361 TI - [Ultrasonic emulsification and aspiration of cataract with clinical observation on 100 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796362 TI - [Cutting of fibrous bands in vitreous in operation for funnel-shaped retinal detachment (report of 20 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796363 TI - [Silicone implants and explants for treatment of retinal detachment (report of 55 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796364 TI - [Refractive errors: analysis of 2,651 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796365 TI - [Treatment of lacrimal passage obstruction (clinical analysis of 178 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796366 TI - [Ultrastructure of primary alveolar soft sarcoma of the orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796367 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the orbit--clinicopathological analysis of 15 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796368 TI - Possibilities of motion therapy using betatron. AB - Two modalities of motion therapy both with electron and bremsstrahlung irradiation are described. Both therapy modes were used in the therapy of 62 patients with tumors of the kidneys, 13 patients with tumors of the esophagus, 20 patients with tumors of the prostate and urinary bladder and 170 patients with tumors of the breast. The advantage of the described method is the possibility of simple, precise and easily reproducible irradiation in given localizations, good therapeutic effect and very good general tolerance as the patient concerns. PMID- 6796369 TI - [Experimental studies of lung adenocarcinoma in mice induced by corn flour inoculated with Aspergillus flavus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796370 TI - [Acute experimental myocardial ischemia and drug effects in conscious dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796371 TI - [Arterial vascular occlusion in penicillin allergy (author's transl)]. AB - A nodular exanthema of the skin was observed in an 8-year-old girl. She had been treated with penicillin a few days ago because of a gastrointestinal infection. Continuation of penicillin treatment led to occlusion of larger arteries with gangrene of the forefoot. This was accompanied by septic temperatures and superinfected skin lesions. Angiologic and angiographic investigations showed a right-sided femoro-popliteal occlusion and occlusions of the arteries of the lower leg. On the left side there was spasm of the superficial femoral artery. After cessation of penicillin and high-dose steroid therapy rapid restitution occurred. Arterial spasms regressed, the occlusions remained persistent, but there was adequate collateral blood supply and ischaemic acral necroses healed. An allergic reaction of the intermediary type involving major arteries can be considered causative underlying pathology. PMID- 6796372 TI - Limitations of metabolic activation systems used in short-term tests for carcinogens. PMID- 6796373 TI - Activation of chemicals to proximal carcinogens. PMID- 6796374 TI - Comparative study on the metabolism and activation of aflatoxin B1 in nuclet, microsomes and reconstituted P-450 system of rat liver. PMID- 6796375 TI - UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity of cultured cells in situ and in vitro. PMID- 6796376 TI - Hexachlorobenzene and 2, 4, 5, 2; 4; 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl - a comparison of their distribution, biotransformation and porphyrinogenic action in female rats. PMID- 6796377 TI - Effects of dietary vitamin A (retinol) on the reduction of hepatic retinol storage caused by 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PMID- 6796378 TI - Rhesus immunization in pregnant African women in Dar es Salaam. PMID- 6796379 TI - Plasma amino acid ratios in Nigerian children suffering from marasmus and kwashiorkor. PMID- 6796380 TI - [Theoretical frame of reference for the establishment of an international health information network]. AB - This article discusses the principal problems of health information systems. It describes the benefits that would accrue from the adoption of a new policy for the organization of medical libraries based on the principles of selectivity and exchanges of resources in order to make library services more cost-effective. It describes how this cost-effectiveness can be achieved not only in a single library but in an entire health information network. It is also shown how a basic collection can be assembled by having the material selected by a group of experts, and by selection based on the frequency of references to different works. Finally, the author enumerates what he regards as the basic requirements for the success of information systems, among them the identification and acquisition of appropriate technology for the circulation, maintenance and use of the material, training for the personnel of the inter-change network, the education of users, and the establishment of a sound financial structure. PMID- 6796381 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of pigmented cell tumors in children]. PMID- 6796382 TI - [Changes in the liver lipids of rats with fascioliasis and in fascioliasis combined with protein-calorie malnutrition]. AB - The author examined the amount of total lipids and single lipid fractions of liver in 78 female rats with fascioliasis and with facioliasis combined with energy-protein deficit on the 10th, 30th, 90th, 180th and 240th day after the parasitic invasion. The used a thin-layer chromatographic technique for separation and determination of the concentration of single lipid reactions. There was a tendency to an increase of the liver fats in fascioliasis, but to a reduction in the combination of fascioliasis with undernourishment at the acute stage. She discusses the pathogenesis of the observed changes in the lipid metabolism in connection with the course of the infectious process. PMID- 6796383 TI - The effect of dopamine on thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced prolactin secretion in vitro. AB - The direct effects on PRL release of acute changes in dopamine (DA) and TRH concentrations were measured in an in vitro perifusion system. Hemisected anterior pituitaries of lactating rats were perifused with medium that received a coinfusion of DA at 20 ng/ml. These tissues released PRL at 35% of the release rate of controls in the absence of DA. Interruption of the DA coinfusion for 9 min caused a 2-fold increase in PRL release, which was resuppressed when the DA treatment was resumed. During continuous Da exposure, TRH administration (10 ng/ml for 12 min) induced a gradual but slight increase in PRL release. However, when this TRH treatment was administered immediately after the end of the DA interruption, it evoked an immediate 2-fold increase in PRL release to 4 times the initial release rate in the presence of DA. This pronounced effect of TRH after the brief DA interruption was also observed when an 18 min interval was imposed between the two manipulations. During continuous coinfusion of DA at 100 ng/ml, TRH was totally ineffective in eliciting PRL release. However, even after this DA treatment had been interrupted briefly and an increase in PRL release had been evoked, TRH still was not an effective stimulus for PRL release. T was imposed between the two manipulations. During continuous coinfusion of DA at 100 ng/ml, TRH was totally ineffective in eliciting PRL release. However, even after this DA treatment had been interrupted briefly and an increase in PRL release had been evoked, TRH still was not an effective stimulus for PRL release. T was imposed between the two manipulations. During continuous coinfusion of DA at 100 ng/ml, TRH was totally ineffective in eliciting PRL release. However, even after this DA treatment had been interrupted briefly and an increase in PRL release had been evoked, TRH still was not an effective stimulus for PRL release. These data indicate that DA not only can serve as a PRL-inhibiting factor for tonic release of PRL but also may determine by its presence or brief absence, and concentration whether acute release occurs in the presence of a PRL-releasing factor. The direct effect of DA on PRL release and its interference with the action of a PRL releasing factor appear to be independent of each other. PMID- 6796384 TI - Synergistic effect of glucocorticoids on the stimulation of progesterone production by follicle-stimulating hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - The direct effects of adrenocortical steroids on basal and FSH-stimulated production of progesterone by ovarian granulosa cells were investigated in vitro. Granulosa cells from immature, hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats were cultured for 2 days in the presence or absence of FSH and/or corticoids. Treatment with FSH resulted in substantial increases in the accumulation of progesterone, whereas dexamethasone by itself was only minimally effective. However, concomitant treatment with increasing concentrations of various native and synthetic corticoids led to dose-dependent increases (200-500%) in the FSH stimulated accumulation of progesterone. The stimulatory potencies of the corticoids tested correlated with their glucocorticoid rather than their mineralocorticoid potencies (dexamethasone greater than cortisol much greater than aldosterone). Treatment with dexamethasone also led to significant increases in the accumulation of progesterone stimulated by prostaglandin E2, cholera toxin, or dibutyryl cAMP. In the presence or absence of FSH, treatment with dexamethasone, cortisol, or corticosterone led to significant decreases in the activity of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. In addition, treatment with dexamethasone led to significant increases in basal and FSH-stimulated activities of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Our findings indicate that glucocorticoids synergize with FSH and other trophic agents in the accumulation of progesterone in accordance with their glucocorticoid rather than mineralocorticoid potencies and that this direct effect may be accounted for, at least in part, by the stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the inhibition of 20 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 6796385 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin enhances the ability of gonadotropic hormones to stimulate aromatization in the testis of the rat. PMID- 6796386 TI - Inhibition of the synthesis and secretion of decidual prolactin by arachidonic acid. AB - Human decidual explants exposed for 4 h to 150 microM arachidonic acid synthesized and secreted 30.4% (P less than 0.001) and 36.4% (P less than 0.001) less 35S-PRL, respectively, than control explants. Over a 5-h period, the inhibition of PRL secretion was directly proportional to the arachidonic acid concentration at concentrations between 30 and 300 microM (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001). Phospholipase A2 at concentrations of 0.11 and 11.1 U/ml, also inhibited PRL secretion by 46.2 +/- 2.4% (P less than 0.001) and 63.9 +/- 1.4% (P less than 0.001), respectively. Likewise, the fatty acid precursors of arachidonic acid, i.e. linoleic, gamma-linolenic, and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids, inhibited PRL secretion, but palmitic, oleic, and 11,14,17-icosatrienoic acids and the detergents deoxycholic acid and Triton X-100 had no effects, even at concentrations as high as 300 microM. In contrast, prostaglandins E1, E2, and F2 alpha (3 X 10(-5)-10(12) M each) had no effects on PRL secretion, and the prostaglandin synthetase (cyclooxygenase) inhibitors indomethacin (5 and 25 micrograms/ml) and flufenamic acid (5 micrograms/ml) had no effects on either basal PRL secretion or the inhibitory action of arachidonic acid. These results suggest that arachidonic acid may be involved in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of decidual PRL. The effect of arachidonic acid, however, does not appear to be mediated by a cyclooxygenase product of arachidonic metabolism. PMID- 6796387 TI - The maturation of estradiol-negative feedback in female rats: evidence that the resetting of the hypothalamic "gonadostat" does not precede the first preovulatory surge of gonadotropins. AB - Several experiments were performed to study the changes in the negative feedback of estradiol on gonadotropin secretion around the time of puberty in the female rat. Ovariectomy of juvenile, first diestrus, or adult animals elevated FSH and LH levels 2 and/or 4 days later. Estradiol administered via Silastic capsules, at several dose levels, was much more effective in preventing the postcastration rise of gonadotropins in juvenile than in the older animals. A dose of estradiol that inhibited gonadotropin levels in juvenile rats, but not in adult animals, maintained preovariectomy serum estradiol levels more efficiently in the adult rats. Therefore, a more rapid removal of estradiol from the blood stream cannot explain its lower effectiveness in suppressing gonadotropin release in adult rats. Estradiol-negative feedback effectiveness remained maximal until the day of first proestrus and decreased markedly on the next day (first estrus), remaining low thereafter. "Resetting" of the gonadostat to estradiol negative feedback was advanced by inducing precocious puberty by means of hyperprolactinemia, but not by mimicking the periovulatory changes in serum estradiol and progesterone in the absence of an LH surge. Serum progesterone levels were much higher in postpubertal rats than in juvenile animals. Ovariectomy of juvenile rats slightly decreased the already low levels of serum progesterone, but it produced a striking progesterone decrease in postpubertal animals. Quantitative replacement of preovariectomy serum progesterone levels in adult rats, treated with an ineffective dose of estradiol, almost completely restored the prepubertal effectiveness of estradiol in inhibiting LH release and, to a lesser extent, release of FSH... PMID- 6796388 TI - Pattern of thyrotropin and thyroxine plasma concentrations during the 24-hour sleep-wake cycle in the male rhesus monkey. AB - The 24-h pattern of the plasma TSH concentration was investigated in five male rhesus monkeys prepared chronically with right atrial catheters and electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes. The preparation allowed frequent blood sampling (every 15 min), TV monitoring, and EEG recording from the adjacent room for extended periods of time from undisturbed animals. In addition, nap deprivation, 5 h total sleep deprivation, and specific sleep stage deprivation experiments were performed in order to test their influence on the TSH pattern. T4 was also determined in approximately half of the profiles during undisturbed conditions. Both TSH and T4 patterns consisted of low amplitude, high frequency fluctuations which, however, did not exceed the assay variation. TSH showed superimposed higher amplitude spikes at unpredictable times (0-5/24-h). Intra- and interanimal variabilities of both TSH and T4 patterns were high. Power spectral maxima of the TSH time series indicated periodicities between 30-75 min which were not significant. No nyctohemeral difference in the TSH or T4 pattern or their mean concentrations was found, and there was no consistent pattern of a circadian cycle. Independent changes of average TSH and T4 concentrations were seen in 5 of the 16 profiles during undisturbed conditions, under which both hormones were determined. Cross-correlation analysis of the hormonal time series revealed no significant relation between TSH and T4 patterns. The deprivation procedures had no significant influence on the day or nighttime pattern of TSH. Cross-correlation analysis showed no relation between TSH and either activity during the day or sleep stages during the night. It is concluded that in the rhesus monkey, in contrast to man, TSH secretion shows no circadian variation and is not influenced by the sleep-wake cycle. PMID- 6796389 TI - Administration of antiluteinizing hormone-releasing hormone serum to rats: effects on periovulatory secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. PMID- 6796390 TI - Calcium: its role in the mechanism of action of angiotensin II and potassium in aldosterone production. AB - The role of calcium in the angiotensin II- or potassium-mediated increase in aldosterone production was analyzed in isolated glomerulosa cells prepared from bovine adrenal glands. The response to potassium was highly dependent on the extracellular calcium concentration, and a maximal response was observed at 0.5 mM calcium. The response to angiotensin II was also a function of the calcium concentration between 0 and 0.5 mM Ca but was independent of calcium concentration above this value. The divalent ionophore A23187 also increased aldosterone production in a calcium-dependent manner. Methoxyverapamil blocked the stimulation of steroidogenesis due to angiotensin II and potassium. Calcium fluxes were studied during angiotensin II and potassium stimulation of aldosterone production. Incubation of zona glomerulosa cells with either angiotensin II or potassium at a concentration for maximal stimulation in the presence of radioactive calcium showed a significant increase in calcium uptake. Angiotensin II at a concentration for maximal stimulation increased the calcium uptake measured, using two techniques. Methoxyverapamil inhibited the angiotensin mediated increase in calcium uptake without affecting the basal rate of calcium uptake. It is concluded that angiotensin II and potassium activate the cells of the glomerulosa by increasing the entry of calcium into the cell, which serves an important messenger function in the response of this cell to angiotensin II and potassium. PMID- 6796391 TI - Pulsatile pituitary gonadotropin secretion during maturation of the dominant follicle in monkeys: estrogen positive feedback enhances the biological activity of LH. AB - In the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, pulsatile patterns of LH and FSH secretion in monkeys change during maturation of the dominant follicle. At the preovulatory surge, the most striking event is the prodigious elevations of bioassayable LH, rising up to 50-fold within 24 h. Principally, establishment of the surge is due to marked enhancement of the amplitude of LH secretory pulses. In contrast, LH and FSH measured by RIA enter, in parallel, the surge modes of secretion approximately 5 h later than bioassayable LH and rise more slowly; the B:I ratio may reach 10:1. This same disparity between bioassayable versus immunoassayable LH was induced in castrate monkeys under estrogen positive feedback stimulation. We conclude that the preovulatory estrogen surge promotes the secretion of an LH molecule(s) having enhanced biological activity. PMID- 6796392 TI - Use of glycosidase digested human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit to explain the partial binding of ectopic glycoprotein hormones to Con A. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that ectopic glycoprotein hormones only partially bind Con A. To investigate the basis for these findings, the Con A binding of ectopic hCG beta from DoT cervical carcinoma cells was examined after digestion with various glycosidases. Ectopic hCG beta only partially bound Con A, as was the case after digestion with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. However, subsequent digestion with N-acetylhexosaminidase increased Con A binding to 96%. It is apparent that Con A binding of ectopic hCG can be inhibited by a residue removed by N-acetylhexosaminidase, probably extra beta-N acetylglucosamine linked to beta-mannose on N-linked oligosaccharides. The method used involved the glycosidase digestion of glycoprotein alkylated under denaturing conditions and was first validated with milligram amounts of standard hCG beta. PMID- 6796393 TI - Changes in FSH, LH and prolactin secretion and ovarian follicular development during lactation in the rat. PMID- 6796394 TI - A possible role of cadaverine in the biosynthesis of polyamines in the Japanese newt testis. AB - Polyamine content in testes of various vertebrates was studied extensively. Putrescine, spermidine and spermine were detected in all the animals examined, although the distribution pattern varied greatly from animal to animal. Cadaverine was detected only in amphibian testes; sym-homospermidine was found not only in testes but also in various other tissues of amphibians and of some reptiles. In the newt testis the concentration of cadaverine was lower than that of any other polyamines in summer, but there was a great increase in cadaverine content from autumn to winter. The testicular content of cadaverine was greater than that of other polyamines in winter. There was a gradual decrease in the cadaverine content in spring. The spermidine and spermine levels, which were rather low in winter, increased in spring and reached a peak in summer when spermatogenesis was active. The testicular concentration of putrescine that was much higher than that of spermidine or spermine throughout the year, increased only a little in summer. There was a significant negative correlation between the cadaverine levels and four other polyamine levels. Exogenous cadaverine decreased the testicular levels of putrescine. Mammalian gonadotropins decreased the cadaverine levels and increased the levels of other polyamines. A partially purified LH fraction from pituitaries of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, was also potent in depleting cadaverine of the testes of newts kept at 8 degrees C. These results suggest that testicular cadaverine suppresses the biosynthesis of polyamines, especially spermidine and spermine which are closely associated with spermatogenesis. PMID- 6796395 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on rat myometrium. AB - The effect of TRH in vitro was observed on electromyograms and isometric tension changes in the uterine horn isolated from the rat. TRH induced transient prolongation of the duration of spike bursts in the electromyogram and an increased tension in contraction of diestrous uterine horns. No distinct response to TRH was elicited in preparations from rats during other estrous stages. TRH produced a contraction associated with a burst of spike potentials in the quiescent horn from the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat. Priming with progesterone was not a prerequisite for responsiveness to TRH. In a medium with a high Ca concentration, diestrous uteri were quiescent but a transient contraction associated with a burst of spike potentials was induced by TRH. In a Ca-free medium, TRH failed to elicit any response in the diestrous uterus but acetylcholine induced a contraction without associated spike potentials. It appears that TRH stimulates Ca-influx into the uterine muscle in which responsiveness is dependent on estrogen priming. PMID- 6796396 TI - TSH and prolactin secretions in Hashimoto's thyroiditis following withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. AB - Changes in the pituitary-thyroid axis in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis following withdrawal of thyroid suppressive therapy were analyzed. The group of patients with thyroid adenoma served as control (group I). Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were divided into 2 groups on the basis of serum TSH levels 8 weeks after discontinuing the exogenous thyroid hormone (group II, less than 10 microunits/ml; group III, more than 10 microunits/ml). During treatment with L-T4(200 micrograms/day) or L-T3(50 micrograms/day), there was no significant difference in serum T4-I and T3 levels among the three groups. Following L-T4 withdrawal, basal serum TSH levels were higher at 2 to 8 weeks in groups II and III than in group I. Serum TSH response to TRH was greater at 4 to 8 weeks in groups II and III than in group I. Following L-T3 withdrawal, basal serum TSH levels were higher at 1 and 2 weeks in group II than in group I, while those of group III were consistently higher during the study. Higher TSH responses to TRH were observed at 1 to 8 weeks in groups II and III. Neither basal nor TRH-induced prolactin (PRL) secretion differed significantly among the three groups. We have demonstrated that pituitary TSH secretion in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis is affected more by withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy than in patients with thyroid adenoma. In addition, the present findings suggest a difference between the sensitivity of thyrotrophs and lactotrophs in Hashimoto's thyroiditis after prolonged thyroid therapy is discontinued. PMID- 6796397 TI - Seasonal variation in pituitary gonadotropin in the adult male newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster, revealed by isoelectric focusing technique and radioreceptor assay. AB - The seasonal variation in pituitary gonadotropin in the adult male newt, Cynops pyrrhogaster pyrrhogaster was investigated by means of isoelectric focusing (IEF) coupled with radioreceptor assay (RRA), which employed Anolis or Xenopus testicular homogenates as receptors and 125I-rat FSH as radioligand. In the Anolis RRA system, the standard curve was obtained with 0.125-16 ng/tube of NIAMDD rat FSH I-3. Purified preparations, chicken LH IEF-1, chicken FSH AGCHD11113A and bullfrog basic gonadotropin-IV competitively inhibited the binding of the radioligand, but NIAMDD rat LH I-4 and human chorionic gonadotropin did not crossreact. The autoradiographic study revealed that 125I rat FSH bound to the constituent cells of the seminiferous tubules in the Anolis testis, but scarcely to Leydig cells. In the IEF pattern of gonadotropin in February obtained by Anolis RRA, distinct peaks were observed at pH 9.05 (component B) and 8.55 (component C), and less distinct peaks were observed at pH 9.80 (component A), 7.55 (component D) and 7.05 (component E). When the same fractions were assayed by Xenopus RRA, five components were found in the alkaline region, which corresponded to those observed with Anolis RRA. Similar results were obtained with pituitary extracts in May. In July, the IEF pattern obtained by Anolis RRA indicated two additional components at pH 6.30 (component F) and 5.27 (component G) in the acidic region, which were not found by Xenopus RRA. The relationship between the testicular function and the nature of pituitary gonadotropin in the reproductive cycle was discussed. PMID- 6796398 TI - The influence of the clock time of granulosa cells harvest from proestrus follicles, upon sensitivity to exogenous hormones. PMID- 6796399 TI - [Preliminary studies on the insulin-secretory effect of glucose, lysine and methionine and on the effect of this phenomenon on the level of various indicators of lipid metabolism in the serum of rabbits]. PMID- 6796400 TI - [Effect of (2-picolyl) TRH on the serum TSH level in rats with hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6796401 TI - Virilizing adrenal adenoma with studies on the steroid content of the adrenal venous effluent and a review of the literature. PMID- 6796402 TI - Depression of axonal excitability by valproate is antagonized by phenytoin. AB - Standard electrophysiologic techniques were employed to determine the effects of the two anticonvulsants, valproic acid (VPA) and phenytoin (DPH), on the membrane excitability properties of the crayfish giant axon. VPA, 4 mM, produces a depolarization of the membrane that is associated with a decrease in the resting membrane conductance (gM). VPA also attenuates the increase in gNa and gK that are responsible for the depolarization and repolarization of the action potential; it decreases the magnitude, rate of depolarization and repolarization, and conduction velocity of the propagated action potential while increasing its duration. DPH has some effects on membrane properties that are qualitatively similar to those of VPA; 0.11 mM DPH also decreases gM, gNa, and gK. Unlike VPA, DPH does not have a significant effect on magnitude of either the resting or action potential. Pretreatment of axons with DPH reduces the effect of VPA on the magnitude, rate of depolarization and repolarization, and duration of the action potential while completely preventing the effects of VPA on resting potential, conduction velocity, and membrane conductance. These experiments and others on the effects of K(+) depolarization on membrane properties demonstrate that part, but not all, of the influence of VPA on the membrane is secondary to its depolarizing effect. The results reported here on a membrane model suggest at least part of the cellular basis for the anticonvulsant properties of VPA and DPH, alone and in combination. PMID- 6796403 TI - How valproate and phenytoin affect the ionic conductances and active transport characteristics of the crayfish giant axon. PMID- 6796404 TI - A case of fatal toxic hepatitis: recommendations for the administration of sodium valproate. PMID- 6796405 TI - Differential induction of sister chromatid exchanges by indirect-acting mutagen carcinogens at early and late stages of embryonic development. AB - To examine the development of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems in the early chick embryo, the procarcinogens, aflatoxin B1 (AF-B1) and 2-acetylamino-fluorene (2 AAF), and the direct-acting carcinogen, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) (positive control), were given to embryos; the sister-chromatid-exchange (SCE) technique was used as an indicator of conversion to active mutagenic metabolites. Chick embryos at two stages of incubation (3-day and 6-day) were exposed to the same graded series of dosages of the compounds for a period of 22 hours. All three mutagens increased the frequency of SCE above the control rate of 1,8 SCEs/cell. While a dose-dependent increase in SCE was obtained for both procarcinogens at each age, the mean SCE frequency was significantly higher in the 6-day embryos for each dosage given. In contrast, the direct-acting mutagen, EMS,. gave a reduced level of SCEs at the older age. These results suggest that the ability of early chick embryos to activate promutagens to forms capable of inducing SCE increases as development advances from three to six days of incubation (DI). In the 6-day embryo, the metabolic conversion is enhanced, resulting in a significant increase in the mutagenicity of the test chemicals. PMID- 6796406 TI - How many loci on the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster can mutate to recessive lethals? AB - The sensitivity of the sex-linked recessive lethal test is due to the fact that a very large number of loci are included i the mutation study. From extensive studies on the spontaneous sex-linked recessive lethal frequency and spontaneous specific locus mutation rates, it is possible to derive an estimate of the number of loci included in the recessive lethal test. The average number derived from three estimates on male and female germ cells is 563 loci. A second independent approach derives from published data which analyzed short regions of he genome and the proportion of loci within these regions which mutate to lethality. This analysis suggests that 830 loci are potentially lethal mutables. We describe the reasons for concluding that 600 to 800 loci of the approximately 1,000 loci on the X-chromosome are involved in the X-linked recessive lethal test. PMID- 6796407 TI - Clastogen-induced micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes: the basis of an improved micronucleus test. AB - Micronuclei induced in bone marrow erythroblasts by clastogenic chemicals are easily detected in peripheral blood. In mice treated with nitrogen mustard, 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, or cyclophosphamide, the peak incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in peripheral blood was at least as great as the maximum incidence in bone marrow. In each case the peak incidence in blood occurred on the day following the peak incidence observed in bone marrow. Thus, for general genetic screening purposes, monitoring micronuclei in peripheral blood rather than in bone marrow smears provides at least equal sensitivity, offers greater simplicity in sample preparation and scoring, permits multiple sampling of treated animals, and may also facilitate automated scoring and human cytogenetic monitoring. PMID- 6796408 TI - Potentiation of chromosome loss induced in the paternal genome by methyl methanesulfonate and procarbazine following matings with repair deficient mei-9a females of Drosophila. AB - Drosophila melanogaster males carrying a ring-X (Xc2) and a doubly-marked Y chromosome (BSYy+) were treated with methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) and procarbazine, and mated with repair-deficient mei-9a females or ordinary repair proficient females. Observed (recovered) chromosome loss were scored and nonrecovered inferred. Ring-X loss based on shifts in sex ratio were noted. Results indicate that the mei-9a female is strong potentiator of chromosome loss induced by MMS and procarbazine in line with the effect recently shown for dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced chromosome lesions (Zimmering, et al 1980). PMID- 6796409 TI - A maternal effect in homozygous mei-9a mei-41D5 repair deficient Drosophila melanogaster females influencing the recovery rate of progeny bearing a Y chromosome. AB - Evidence is presented supporting the suggestion that homozygosity for the repair deficient mutants mei-9a mei-41D5 is associated with a maternal effect which affects detrimentally the recovery rate of Y chromosome-bearing offspring. PMID- 6796410 TI - Properties of the cobaltochelatase and the ferrochelatase. AB - The formation of cobaltomesoporphyrin and ferromesoporphyrin in the presence of appropriate, chelatases has been studied. The Km value for mesoporphyrin differs for the two activities, although the optimum pH value is 8.1 for both. At high cobalt concentrations a slight non-enzymatic reaction occurs which is not seen with ferrous salts. Both activities are inhibited by EDTA and by sulphhydryl reagents, whereas disulphide reagents inhibit the cobaltochelatase only. PMID- 6796411 TI - The coagulation of differently sized casein micelles by rennet. AB - Fractions of bovine casein micelles of different sizes were prepared by successive centrifugation steps, and dilute suspensions of the different fractions were reacted by rennet. The molecular weight increase with time after addition of rennet was measured by light scattering. After an initial lag stage, where the increase was zero, and a short intermediate stage, the molecular weight became linearly proportional to time, indicating complete conversion of the kappa casein substrate by the enzyme. The slope of the final portion of the growth profile can be used to define values of the Smoluchowski rate constant governing the aggregation. No significant differences in this constant were found with micelles of different sizes, and the value of the rate constant suggested that the aggregation reaction of completely renneted micelles is only moderately retarded relative to the diffusion-controlled process, even at room temperature. PMID- 6796412 TI - Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase of rat liver. Studies on the solubilisation, resolution and reconstitution of the enzyme complex. AB - 1. Cytochrome P-450 was prepared from the liver microsomes of cholestyramine-fed rats by solubilisation with the non-ionic detergent Nonidet P42 followed by chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and on hydroxyapatite. NADPH- cytochrome P-450 reductase was prepared by a technique of affinity column chromatography using 2',5'ADP Sepharose. 2. The activity of cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase was measured in a reconstituted system of microsomal mixed-function oxidase containing cytochrome P-450 and NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase from rat liver plus cholesterol and NADPH. Endogenous cholesterol was largely depleted from the enzyme preparations by the treatment of the microsomes with cold n butanol/acetone. 3. The reconstituted system of mixed-function oxidase catalysed a highly effective and specific 7 alpha-hydroxylation of cholesterol. The reconstituted system showed a higher activity of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase than was observed in native liver microsomes. The reconstituted system had an absolute requirement for cytochrome P-450, NADPH--cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADPH. 4. The apparent Km for cholesterol in the reconstituted system was 15 microM and the V was 1.4 nmol 7 alpha-hydroxycholesterol formed min-1 (nmol cytochrome P-450)-1. 5. The reconstituted system also catalysed the 7 alpha hydroxylation of taurodeoxycholic acid, the 7 alpha-hydroxylation of 26 norcholesterol and to a limited degree the 12 alpha-hydroxylation of cholest-4 ene-3-one-7 alpha-ol. The ability of this reconstituted system to effect these two 7 alpha-hydroxylation reactions and the 12 alpha-hydroxylation reaction was significantly less than the ability of the system to 7 alpha-hydroxylate cholesterol. PMID- 6796413 TI - Effects of chromatic illumination on cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Evidence for the specific induction of a second pair of phycocyanin subunits in Pseudanabaena 7409 grown in red light. AB - Pseudanabaena 7409 is a chromatically cyanobacterium which photocontrols the synthesis of both phycoerythrin and phycocyanin [Tandeau de Marsac (1977) J. Bacteriol. 130, 82--91]. Phycobilisomes, isolated from cells grown in either green or red light, have been dissociated and the component biliproteins purified and characterized. Phycobilisomes isolated from cells grown in green light were composed of allophycocyanin B, allophycocyanin, two phycocyanin subunits (one alpha-type and one beta-type subunit), phycoerythrin and eight uncolored polypeptides. When dissociated phycobilisomes were chromatographed on DEAE cellulose at pH 5.5, most of the phycocyanin was recovered as part of a large (17.3 S) multiprotein complex with phycoerythrin (molar ratio 1 : 1). This complex also contained five of the uncolored polypeptides found in intact phycobilisomes isolated from cells grown in green light. Phycobilisomes isolated from cells grown in red light were composed of allophycocyanin B, allophycocyanin, four phycocyanin subunits (two alpha-type and two beta-type subunits), and six uncolored polypeptides. When these phycobilisomes were dissociated, the phycocyanin was recovered as a large (21.0 S) multiprotein complex which was composed of the four phycocyanin subunits types and four uncolored polypeptides. This complex was morphologically identical to the rod like stacks of discs about 6 x 12 nm which form the peripheral rods of intact phycobilisomes. Each of the four phycocyanin subunits found in the complex isolated from the phycobilisomes of cells grown in red light was purified to homogeneity and characterized. Amino acid compositions of the four subunits indicated that each subunit was a unique gene product. Two of the subunits of the complex were apparently identical to those of the phycocyanin purified from phycobilisomes isolated from cells grown in green light. These studies suggest that one pair of phycocyanin subunits was synthesized constitutively (i.e. irrespective of the light wavelength to which the cells were exposed during growth) while the synthesis of the second pair of phycocyanin subunits was specifically induced during growth in red light. PMID- 6796414 TI - The photoregulated expression of multiple phycocyanin species. A general mechanism for the control of phycocyanin synthesis in chromatically adapting cyanobacteria. AB - The regulation of phycocyanin synthesis in response to growth in chromatic illumination was studied in 69 strains of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacteria (24 of 31 strains examined), which chromatically adapt by modulating the synthesis of both phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, controlled phycocyanin synthesis through the differential, photoregulated expression of two phycocyanin species (two alpha type and two beta-type subunits). For these strains the expression of one pair of phycocyanin subunits was constitutive (i.e. irrespective of the light wavelength in which the cells were grown); the expression of the second pair of phycocyanin subunits occurred specifically during growth in red light. Two facultatively heterotrophic cyanobacteria, Calothrix strains 7101 and 7601, synthesized both the constitutive and the inducible pairs of phycocyanin subunits when grown heterotrophically in the dark after transfer from either red or green light. No evidence for the existence of multiple and/or photoregulated phycocyanin species was found for cyanobacteria (25 strains) incapable of chromatic adaptation, nor for cyanobacteria (13 strains) which chromatically adapt by modulating the synthesis of phycoerythrin alone. PMID- 6796415 TI - Levansucrase of Bacillus subtilis: Conclusive evidence that its production and export are unrelated to fatty-acid synthesis but modulated by membrane-modifying agents. PMID- 6796416 TI - Quasi-lipoxygenase activity of haemoglobin. A model for lipoxygenases. PMID- 6796417 TI - The conservation of DNA sequences over very long periods of evolutionary time. Evidence against intergeneric chromosomal transfer as an explanation for the presence of Escherichia coli tuf gene sequences in taxonomically-unrelated prokaryotes. AB - In the present study we tried to determine whether the presence of DNA sequences homologous to the Escherichia coli tuf gene (encodes peptide chain elongation factor Tu) in many taxonomically-unrelated prokaryotes is due to selective pressure for these sequences or due to the transfer of chromosomal material subsequent to the divergence of the genera from their progenitors. We found that the degree of sequence homology to the DNA immediately adjacent to the E. coli tuf A gene is either nonexistent or much less than that found for the tuf gene. Furthermore, the tuf-homologous sequences present in one prokaryote were found to be in large part the same as or a subset of those present in others. That is, various prokaryotes share a common subset of tuf-homologous sequences. These findings suggest that strong selective pressure and not recent intergeneric chromosomal transfer is responsible for the ubiquitous presence of certain tuf homologous sequences. Because the genetic code is degenerate, DNA sequence need not be conserved to conserve protein sequence. Therefore, if the only function of these sequences is to encode protein, their persistence must mean that in some instances codon sequence is selected for. PMID- 6796418 TI - Analysis of the Radiorespirometric pattern after administration of [U-14C] glucose to Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumor-bearing mice were subjected to 14CO2 radiorespirometric analysis after administration of [U-14C]glucose, and the results were compared with the levels of host liver glycolytic enzyme activities and the uptake of the radioactivity into the liver. After IP administration of [U-14C]glucose, there was a progressive decline in respiratory 14CO2 after the transplantation of the Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The peak time (PT) was about 10 min on day 1, but thereafter was increasingly delayed, and could not be determined on day 13. Peak height (PH) and yield value (YV) were both considerably decreased, and again the magnitudes of the changes increased with the time after transplantation of the tumor cells. Glycolytic enzyme activities in the host liver were at normal levels 13 days after transplantation of the tumor cells. The uptake of the radioactivity into the liver after IP administration of [U-14C]glucose began to decline from day 5 and was 50% the value in normal mice 13 days after transplantation of the tumor cells. THese results indicate that the radiorespirometric patterns with [U 14C]glucose reflects hepatic biochemical changes rather well. PMID- 6796419 TI - Radiorespirometric study of glucose metabolism in liver-damaged rats. AB - Changes in glucose metabolism in rats during feeding with 3-methyl-4 (dimethylamino)azobenzene (3'-Me-DAB) were investigated by radiorespirometry with 14C-labelled carbohydrates as substrates, in relation to the levels of liver glycolytic enzyme activities. Rats were fed on 0.06% 3'-Me-DAB for 7 weeks. Radiorespirometry was carried out by the IP administration of [U-14C] glucose 2.5 micro Ci or [1-14C] acetate 2.0 micro Ci weekly during the experimental period. In the analysis of the radiorespirometric pattern obtained with [U-14C]glucose, the peak time (PT) was markedly shortened at week 4. At week 6 of 3'-Me-DAB feeding, the peak height (PH) and yield value (YV) both increased significantly with concomitant shortening of PT. The duration of the activation in radiorespirometric parameters was paralleled reasonably well by that of glycolytic enzyme activity; the activation of liver glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) shortens PT, while the activation of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle increases YV. This study showed that the radiorespirometric pattern reflected glucose metabolism in the liver well. In conclusion, radiorespirometric analysis with 14C-labelled glucose as a substrate may be useful for the clinical diagnosis of liver diseases. PMID- 6796420 TI - Sodium valproate versus phenobarbital in the prophylactic treatment of febrile convulsions in childhood. AB - Phenobarbital has been shown to offer effective prophylaxis against childhood febrile convulsions. However, a high percentage of children do not tolerate phenobarbital, mainly due to behavioral changes. Valproate, due to its low toxicity, appears to be an attractive alternative to phenobarbital treatment. Ninety children admitted with their first febrile convulsion were offered prophylactic treatment with either phenobarbital 3-5 mg/kg/day or valproate 20-30 mt/kg/day. Twenty-five children whose parents refused prophylactic treatment make up an untreated control group. Serum levels of the appropriate drug were measured at each follow-up visit. The three groups appear to be comparable. Twenty-one per cent of the phenobarbital treated children required discontinuation of the drug due to side effects. All the children tolerated valproate therapy. Twelve out of 25 untreated children suffered recurrences. Eight out of 33 children treated with phenobarbital suffered recurrences. Four out of 32 children on valproate therapy had recurrences. The difference between valproate treatment and no therapy at all is highly significant (p less than 0.001). Phenobarbital did not reduce the risk of recurrence. We now recommend prophylactic treatment with valproate to children with febrile seizures. PMID- 6796421 TI - The clinical relevance of factor VIII: C and factor VII R: Ag determination in newborns. AB - Higher levels of factor VIII: C and factor VIII R: Ag were found in healthy newborns (n = 60) as compared to adults. This could be explained as a stress reaction due to birth and the adaptation to extrauterine life. A further stress factor is disease. The highest values for factor VIII R: Ag were found in ill (n = 32) and in severely ill newborns (n = 21). The large ranges of factor VIII: C and of the ratio of factor VIII: C/VIII R: Ag in healthy newborns can be explained by an increased turnover of coagulation factors. Diseases in the newborn period lead to an increase of this process, resulting in even larger ranges of factor VIII: C and of the ratio of factor VIII: C/VIII R: Ag in ill and extremely ill newborns. Consumption of factor VIII: C with a low ratio of factor VIII: C/VIII R: Ag predominates in extremely ill newborns. The ratio of factor VIII: C/VIII R: Ag is more valuable than factor VIII: C for diagnosis of DIC in newborns. A diagnosis of hemophilia and von Willebrand's disease cannot be established with certainty in severely ill newborns. Stress and DIC may influence the characteristic changes of laboratory parameters. PMID- 6796422 TI - Immunological properties of rat embryonal carcinoma cells. PMID- 6796424 TI - The role of monovalent cations in the interaction between the cytotoxic T lymphocyte and its target. AB - Evidence is provided for the participation of monovalent cations in both the binding and lytic phases of the lytic cycle. There appears to be one sodium requirement in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-target binding event (effective dose 50 approximately 35 mM) and possibly another sodium requirement in the delivery of the lethal hit (ED50 less than 7 mM). Potassium can replace sodium in the binding event but antagonizes the lethal hit phase (inhibitory dose 50 approximately 110 mM). Lithium antagonizes the binding event (ID50 approximately 15 mM). PMID- 6796425 TI - Confirmation of the assignment of genes of human immunoglobulin heavy chains to chromosome 14 by analysis of Ig synthesis by man-mouse hybridomas. AB - Hybridomas were produced by fusing the NS1 mouse myeloma line, which does not produce mouse heavy chain Ig, with human peripheral B lymphocytes from a normal individual. Two vigorously growing colonies from this fusion were found to secrete human Ig heavy chains and were recloned. Two secondary clones, which secreted human chains, were again recloned. Among the tertiary clones, two were identified which produced intracellular human Ig chains, but did not secrete immunoglobulin. These tertiary clones were recloned, generating 6 quaternary clones which failed to produce human Ig heavy chains, and 15 quaternary clones which produced intracellular Ig chains. Hybrid clones from each successive subcloning were examined for their human chromosomal content and only those clones which were found to be individually chromosomally distinct, a total of 56 clones in all, were used to analyze the segregation of human chromosomes and human Ig heavy chain synthesis. Results of this study indicate concordant segregation of human Ig heavy chain synthesis and chromosome 14. These studies therefore confirm the previous assignment by C. M. Croce et al. (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1979. 76: 3416) of the genes for human Ig heavy chains to chromosome 14. PMID- 6796426 TI - Localization of phosphoprotein C23 in nucleoli by immunological methods. PMID- 6796423 TI - Influence of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on lipolysis and on plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity in normal man. AB - Indomethacin 50 mg i.v. or p.o. and diclofenac sodium 50 mg p.o. produced a prompt and significant increase in plasma free fatty acid concentration. In 10 subjects who took indomethacin 150 mg/d p.o. for 3 days, plasma post-heparin lipoprotein lipase activity was also significantly increased. The same effect occurred in 9 subjects treated for 3 days with diclofenac sodium 50 mg t.d.s. Since both indomethacin and diclofenac sodium are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis tht prostaglandins are involved in the feed-back regulation of lipolysis, and mediate the inhibitory effect of lipolysis on lipoprotein lipase activity. PMID- 6796427 TI - Microelectrophoretic analysis of basic protein changes during spermiogenesis in the dogfish Scylliorhinus caniculus (L). PMID- 6796429 TI - Methodological issues in the epidemiology of seizure disorders in children. PMID- 6796428 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin-induced potassium flux in relation to capping and DNA synthesis. An analysis in monoclonal human B lymphoma cell populations. PMID- 6796430 TI - Facilitation of amygdala kindling after norepinephrine depletion with 6 hydroxydopamine in rats. PMID- 6796431 TI - Recovery from chlorphentermine-induced phospholipidosis in rat alveolar macrophages: biochemical and cellular features. PMID- 6796432 TI - Modulation of specific binding of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase to DNA by folinic acid. PMID- 6796433 TI - Arachidonic acid synthesis in isolated liver cells:" effects of (-)-carnitine and of (+)-decanoylcarnitine. PMID- 6796434 TI - Effects of insulin on the phosphate content and kinetics of glycogen synthase in perfused rat hindlimb muscle. PMID- 6796435 TI - Central processing of cutaneous temperature information. PMID- 6796437 TI - Spontaneous pregnancy and its outcome after human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin-induced pregnancy. AB - The fertility in previously sterile women who conceived at least once following hMG/hCG-induced ovulation is investigated. The study comprises 141 women. The cumulative spontaneous pregnancy rate (CSPR) was calculated using life table analysis and was found to be 30.4% after 5 years. The CSPR for subsequent pregnancies reached 91.3% after 5 years. This figure is similar to that of normal parous women, although the study group (previously infertile women) requires a larger exposure period to attain the figure. The spontaneous abortion rate in the hMG/hCG-induced pregnancies was 29%; whereas in subsequent spontaneous pregnancies this rate was 8.8%. This difference in rate was found to be statistically significant, and the possible reasons are discussed. PMID- 6796436 TI - Induction of ovulation and pregnancy with pulsatile luteinizing hormone releasing factor: dosage and mode of delivery. AB - The efficacy of intravenous and subcutaneous routes for pulsatile delivery of differing dosages of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) for ovulation induction were evaluated sequentially in two patients with presumed deficiency of endogenous LRF: isolated gonadotropin deficiency and pituitary stalk transection with hyperprolactinemia. Observations were made of the amplitude and duration of the induced LH-FSH pulses, of follicular growth and ovulation (via ultrasound), and of ovarian steroids. Remarkable differences in each of these parameters were found between the two modes of LRF delivery. LRF pulses administered subcutaneously resulted in inappropriate gonadotropin secretion, arrest of follicular development, elevated ratios of E1/E2 and androgens/estrogens, and the appearance of acne - features of polycystic ovary syndrome. In contrast, the first intravenous course of pulsatile LRF induced orderly follicular maturation and ovulation with subsequent pregnancy in both subjects. From these findings we conclude that, in these patients, the intravenous mode of delivery of LRF pulses was superior to the subcutaneous route at all doses tested. PMID- 6796438 TI - The role of ultrasound in ovulation induction: a critical appraisal. AB - Twenty-five cycles induced by human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) were serially studied by ultrasound. The developing follicles were observed up to and beyond human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administration. Ovulation as determined by subsequent pregnancy or a sustained elevation of basal temperature was seen in 18 of these cycles. Among these patients the follicular size ranged between 24 and 13 millimeters. No pregnancies occurred where the follicular size was below 15 mm. A shortened luteal phase was noted in three cycles where the follicular size was either 13 or 14 mm. Multiple follicles greater than 10 mm were observed in 14 of the ovulating cycles, but in no case did a multiple pregnancy occur. Fifteen millimeters is therefore suggested as a minimum size for satisfactory ovulation, but it does not appear that an optimum size exists. We conclude that ultrasound can play an important role in the monitoring of ovulation induction but does not replace the present methods. PMID- 6796439 TI - Effect of peripheral sex steroid metabolism on pituitary gonadotropin reserve of women with hypothalamic amenorrhea. AB - Women with hypothalamic amenorrhea without evidence of pituitary tumor were studied to ascertain (1) whether affected patients have altered pituitary sensitivities and reserves to a constant gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) infusion and (2) whether altered sex steroid metabolism contributed to altered pituitary synthesis or secretion of gonadotropin. Women with hypothalamic amenorrhea displayed abnormal gonadotropin reserves without altered pituitary sensitivity to GnRH. Those altered reserves may have reflected, abnormally low estradiol levels, which directly or indirectly affected, pituitary gonadotropin synthesis. However, sex steroid metabolism or normally cycling and amenorrheic women were not significantly different. The ovaries of both groups of patients were equally reactive to stimulation with endogenous gonadotropin, as reflected by circulating estradiol levels attained at the end of the GnRH infusion. PMID- 6796440 TI - Searching for the infertile man with hyperprolactinemia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether routine prolactin measurement was of use when investigating men with infertility. Prolactin levels were slightly higher in men with primary infertility, compared with men with secondary infertility and a fertile control group. Although this slight increase was statistically significant, most readings were within the laboratory normal range in all groups, and we did not find any clinically significant cases of hyperprolactinemia. We conclude that routine prolactin estimation is not justified unless there are other indications, e.g., impotence, dialysis, or a history of previous pituitary disease. PMID- 6796441 TI - The gonadotropin response of men with varicoceles to a four-hour infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. AB - The serum gonadotropin, testosterone, and estradiol responses to a 4-hour intravenous infusion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were studied in four groups of men: severely oligospermic men with varicoceles and sperm densities less than 1 X 10(7)/ml, men with varicoceles and sperm densities between 1.1 X 10(7) and 3 X 10(7)/ml, men with varicoceles and sperm densities greater than 3 X 10(7)/ml, and men of normal fertility. Each group had similar preinfusion luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and estradiol levels. Both the severely oligospermic men and the men with sperm densities between 1.1 X 10(7)/ml and 3 X 10(7)/ml had excessive gonadotropin responses to the GnRH infusion. The gonadotropin responses of the men with sperm densities greater than 3 X 10(7)/ml were not different from normal. These results demonstrate that men with varicoceles and sperm densities less than 3 X 10(7)/ml have an altered integrity of their hypothalamic-pituitary testicular axes, which can be demonstrated by their responses to GnRH. PMID- 6796442 TI - The effect of long-term naloxone infusion on the response of gonadotropins to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and on plasma estradiol concentration in a patient with a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma. PMID- 6796443 TI - Changes of prolactin secretion following long-term danazol application. AB - Patients (n = 10) with endometriosis or fibrocystic mammary disease were treated with an oral dose of 4 x 200 mg danazol for 6 months. Prolactin and gonadotropin secretion was evaluated before, and in some of them during 1, 3, and 6 months of therapy, as well as 4 weeks after discontinuation of the steroid. Prolactin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone were measured before a bolus of 10 mg metoclopramide and 25 micrograms LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) had been given. The serum concentrations of prolactin and LH were estimated 25 minutes and those of FSH 45 minutes thereafter. Basal and stimulated serum prolactin levels, measured during the luteal phase of the control cycle preceding danazol application, decreased continuously, reaching serum concentrations seen during the early follicular phase of the cycle. This was paralleled by a decrease of estradiol and a lack of progesterone secretion. While basal and LH-RH-stimulated LH was practically unchanged, basal and stimulated FSH showed a significant increase. Within 4 weeks of discontinuation of the drug all hormonal parameters were similar to pretreatment values. The data presented may explain the beneficial effect of the drug on fibrocystic mammary disease, i.e., by the decrease of serum and pituitary prolactin. The selective increase of FSH secretion is unclear but may reflect the lack of negative feedback mechanisms of follicular inhibin. PMID- 6796444 TI - Patterns of temperature sensitivity in Contrabithorax/Ultrabithorax heterozygotes of Drosophila. PMID- 6796445 TI - Colchicine and insulin secretion in man. AB - The present study is aimed at investigating the effect of acute and chronic colchicine administration on insulin secretion in humans. Acute insulin response to glucose (0.33 g/kg) was significantly decreased by colchicine (3 mg i.v.). In fact, this response (mean change 2-10 min insulin) was 44 +/- 8 microunits/ml before and 32 +/- 6 microunits/ml after colchicine administration (P less than 0.01). As a consequence of this, glucose disappearance rates were reduced (P less than 0.05). Infusion of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS), an inhibitor of endogenous PG synthesis, completely reversed the inhibitory effect of colchicine upon insulin secretion and also augmented acute insulin response to glucose (response before colchicine + LAS = 45 +/- 8 microunits/ml; response after colchicine + LAS = 51 +/- 9 microunits/ml, P less than 0.05). This effect was associated with an increase in glucose disappearance rates (P less than 0.05). The 10-day treatment with colchicine (2 mg daily) caused a significant suppression of insulin secretion induced by oral glucose (100 g) and significantly increased the plasma glucose concentrations following the test (P less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate that (1) both acute and chronic colchicine administration inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion and deteriorate glucose tolerance in humans, and (2) LAS completely reverses these negative effects of colchicine. An increased synthesis of endogenous PGE, which are known to inhibit insulin secretion in humans, might account for the inhibiting effect of colchicine on insulin secretion. PMID- 6796446 TI - Insulin-like stimulatory effect of human immunoglobulin G on adipocyte lipogenesis. AB - An investigation into the possible effect of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin G on lipogenesis by adipocytes led to the discovery that all human IgGs exerted an insulin-like stimulatory effect of lipogenesis by rat adipocytes in vitro. Highly purified polyclonal IgGs prepared from normal subjects had stimulatory potencies similar to those of monoclonal IgGs obtained from patients with IgG myeloma. However, whole sera from myeloma patients with elevated IgG concentrations had a significantly higher stimulatory effect on adipocyte lipogenesis than control sera. These observations provide the first evidence that human IgG has an insulin like metabolic effect, and that this effect is probably exerted by a nonspecific nonvariable portion of the IgG molecule. IgG may thus contribute to the non suppressible insulin-like activity in the serum. PMID- 6796447 TI - A mixed-triglyceride breath test for intraluminal fat digestive activity. AB - A new test of intraluminal fat digestive activity is proposed for which a mixed triglyceride, 1,3-dioleyl-2-14C-decanoyl glycerol, was used. 29 normal subjects, 14 patients with proven chronic pancreatitis, 10 pancreatectomy, 12 villus atrophy and 8 bile acid-deficient patients were studied. The mean 14CO2 excretion in breath, expressed as the 10th-hour cumulative percentage of the administered dose, was 68.3% in the normal subjects, and only 32.9% in patients with pancreatic disease. There was almost no overlap between the normal subjects and the patients with proven organic disease. The test also allowed the detection of functional pancreatic insufficiency, due to impaired pancreatic stimulation in case of gluten enteropathy and severe malabsorption. PMID- 6796448 TI - Carcinogens on regeneration. Effects of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide on limb regeneration in adult newts. AB - A microcrystal (ca 5 micrograms) of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) or 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) was directly administered to the regeneration blastema on day 7 after amputation of a forelimb in the newt in order to analyze the effect of such potent carcinogenic substances on regeneration cells. Although neither MNNG nor 4NQO arrested regeneration completely, they caused great retardation of the regeneration cone formation followed by various abnormalities in the bony structures. Abnormal regenerants could be classified into the following four categories; (1) complete absence of both ulna and radius; (2) subregeneration or superregeneration of carpals and digits; (3) multiple disorganization of skeletal elements; (4) arrest of regeneration at the stage of regeneration cone. The polarity of regenerants developed after application of MNNG or 4NQO was very often shifted, during which the regeneration cone was always formed from the site where a microcrystal of the carcinogens was administered. The secondary regeneration initiated by reamputation of the regenerating limb, which had received the carcinogens at the early blastema stage, proceeded in the same way as observed in the case of a simple amputation. This suggested local and temporal effects of the carcinogens applied. Nevertheless, tumor formation has not induced in the newt limb so far. We can learn from these data that both MNNG and 4NQO only alter behavior of the newt regeneration cells without excreting their carcinogenic effects on them, and that the newt cells are highly resistant and stable against the above-mentioned carcinogens. PMID- 6796449 TI - [Fosfomycin, lysine-fosfomycin, arginine-fosfomycin: antibacterial activity in vitro]. AB - The antibacterial activity of NaFosfomicin and of two of its aminoacidic derivatives -Lisin-Fosfomycin and Arginin-Fosfomycin- has been determined "in vitro" as MICs and MBCs, on different groups of Bacteria. The results obtained were then statistically analyzed - according to the "t of Student" - in a comparative evaluation of the values between NaFosfomycin-Lisin-Fosfomycin (F LF); NaFosfomycin-Arginin-Fosfomycin (F-AF); Lisin-Fosfomycin-Arginin-Fosfomycin (LF-AF). From these comparisons, the data found demonstrated no significant differences among the three compounds, for Proteus, Coliforms and Pseudomonas groups, while Salmonella and Staphylococcus Genera showed good differences (P less than 0.05) from the comparison F-AF. PMID- 6796450 TI - [Listeria monocytogenes agglutinating antibodies in children]. AB - The AA. relate the results of a serological study on the spreading of listeria infection over the pediatric population of Liguria. The research of agglutinating antibodies for types 1 and 4b of L. monocytogenes in 367 sera gave the following results: -- 195 sera (53,13%) resulted positive, although at low titer (1/40) as a general rule; -- on the whole, agglutinins toward type 1 had considerably higher incidence than toward type 4b ones (57,43% and 5,12% respectively); -- O - antibodies had higher incidence (44,95%) than H - antibodies (22,34%). PMID- 6796451 TI - Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei in mice. AB - The effect of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) on the growth of transplantable allogeneic and syngeneic mouse tumors was studied. Intraperitoneal treatment of LC 9018 caused a significant prolongation of the life span of ICR mice inoculated with sarcoma-180 intraperitoneally and BDF1 mice inoculated with L1210 leukemia intraperitoneally. Intravenous injection of LC 9018 markedly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously inoculated sarcoma-180. This organism was also effective against methylcholanthrene-induced syngeneic MCA K-1 tumor in BALB/c mice. The antitumor activity of LC 9018 was reduced by treatment with carrageenan, an anti-macrophage agent, and was also observed in T-cell deficient athymic nude mice. These results suggested that the antitumor activity of LC 9018 may be macrophage-dependent. PMID- 6796452 TI - Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus: report of seven cases and literature review. AB - Seven cases of esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis (EIPD) are presented and compared with 46 cases previously reported. EIPD is mainly a disease of older age with a 3:2 predominance of male patients. The radiologic appearance of EIPD shows great variation in localization and severity of visible changes. Radiologic examination is far more sensitive than endoscopy in diagnosing EIPD. The most effective therapy for EIPD is dilatation of strictures, leading to amelioration or disappearance of symptoms in over 90% of cases. Visible pseudodiverticula may persist after therapy, even in symptom-free patients. PMID- 6796453 TI - Colonic ischemic necrosis following therapeutic embolization. AB - Transcatheter embolization of the middle colic artery for diverticular bleeding was followed by ischemic necrosis in the transverse colon at the site of previous anastomosis and stricture formation. This is a potential complication of intra arterial embolization for colonic bleeding. PMID- 6796454 TI - Intraluminal jejunal diverticulum. AB - An intraluminal diverticulum of the jejunum in a 19-year-old man is reported. A congenital diaphragm was bypassed by jejunojejunostomy when the patient was 2 days old. A "ballooning" mechanism of this diaphragm can explain the pathogenesis of the diverticulum. PMID- 6796455 TI - Liver disease after TPN. PMID- 6796456 TI - HLA antigens in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - HLA-A, B, C, and DR antigens were studied in 27 Viennese patients with Crohn's disease and 30 patients with ulcerative colitis. The frequency of HLA-B12 was found to be significantly (p less than 0.001, pc less than 0.05) increased in patients with Crohn's disease (52%) as compared with both healthy controls (21%) and patients with ulcerative colitis (10%). The frequency of HLA-Cw5 was slightly increased in Crohn's disease; however, the corrected p value was not significant. With regard to HLA-DR antigens, differences between the study groups and the controls or between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease did not reach statistical significance. However, the concomitant occurrence of HLA-B12 and/or Cw5 and/or DR7 was observed in 11 Crohn's disease and no ulcerative colitis patient (pc less than 0.006); there is a known linkage disequilibrium between these antigens. Although they differ from previous reports, these data in conjunction with the recently disclosed increased HLA recombination frequency in patients with Crohn's disease indicate that genes coding for HLA antigens may play a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. PMID- 6796457 TI - "The cost effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy" by Showstack and Schroeder, or the fallacy of hypothetical economics in gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6796458 TI - [Geriatric pharmacology, Special features of geriatric prescribing]. PMID- 6796459 TI - [Hygienic importance of carbon dioxide in the air of the subways in the USSR]. PMID- 6796460 TI - [Hygienic basis of air exchange in enclosed sports facilities]. PMID- 6796461 TI - [Release of vital activity products in the expired air as dependent on the carbon dioxide content in hermetically sealed spaces]. PMID- 6796462 TI - [Serological tests for toxoplasmosis and listeria infection in mothers of children with abnormalities]. PMID- 6796463 TI - Optimizing ages for cervical smear examinations in followed healthy individuals. PMID- 6796464 TI - Growth kinetics of minimal tumour masses: implications for rational chemotherapy. PMID- 6796465 TI - Colony formation by bone marrow cells after incubation with neuraminidase. I. Involvement of stem cell sequestration in the reduced spleen colony formation. PMID- 6796466 TI - Diffusion chamber cultures of bone marrow cells in refractory anemia with excess oil blasts (RAEB). PMID- 6796467 TI - TdT in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: relationship with blast cell count. PMID- 6796468 TI - Quantitation of antiplatelet antibodies by radioimmunoassay in sera of patients with immune thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6796469 TI - [A radioisotopic technic for kinetic studies of human T and B lymphocytes in vivo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796470 TI - Thoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis in thalassemia intermedia during adult life: a report of 9 cases. PMID- 6796471 TI - Haematological effects of lithium carbonate: a study in 56 psychiatric patients. PMID- 6796472 TI - Efficacy of the tobramycin - cotrimoxazole - cephalothin combination for febrile episodes in leukemic patients with granulocytopenia. PMID- 6796473 TI - [Urate-oxidase: a new therapy of cytotoxic-drug-induced hyperuricemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796474 TI - Essential thrombocythaemia and polycythaemia vera presenting with pulmonary embolism mimicing pneumonia. Case reports. PMID- 6796475 TI - Multicentric giant lymph node hyperplasia. A case report. PMID- 6796476 TI - Plasma proteins modifications in pre-term newborns. PMID- 6796478 TI - Present and future approaches to the correction of erythrocyte glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6796477 TI - Agarose gel electrophoresis in newborns. PMID- 6796479 TI - Combination chemotherapy for chronic granulocytic leukaemia. PMID- 6796480 TI - [Preliminary data on treatment with Vindesine in relapses of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6796481 TI - [Studies of D-penicillamine (4) : effects on antibody formation (author's transl)]. AB - The value of D-penicillamine (D-PA) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is now well established, however, the mode of action remains obscure. We studied the effects of D-PA on the primary and secondary homocytotropic antibody formation with various doses, timing, quantity of antigen stimuli and stress loading in mice. Homocytotropic antibody was assayed by rat PCA (IgE) or mouse PCA (IgG1), and the effects were compared with those of the other antirheumatic drugs such as aurothiomalate and chloroquine diphosphate and the immunosuppressive agents such as hydrocortisone and cyclophosphamide. The antibody formation was slightly suppressed by D-PA under various conditions induced by different quantities of antigen stimuli, while the effects of the other antirheumatic drugs and the immunosuppressive agents on the primary and secondary responses differed from that of D-PA. Stress loading applied with oral consecutive administration of saline for 3 weeks or by restraint with adhesive plaster from 3 days before the primary immunization reduced the antibody formation. D-PA restored the reduced IgE antibody formation after the secondary immunization and also weight of the spleen. These observations suggest that D-PA acts as an immunomodulating agent as the spleen weight and IgE antibody formation were recovered under conditions of induced stress. PMID- 6796482 TI - [Relation between the scavenger function of macrophages and immune responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or Listeria monocytogenes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796483 TI - Pubertal secretory patterns of gonadotropins in hypergonadotropic patients (Turner syndrome). AB - Serum gonadotropins in 5 females with Turner syndrome have been evaluated using a 24-hour constant withdrawal pump. A sleep-related increase in gonadotropin levels was documented among patients at an early to midpubertal age but not among older individuals, a phenomenon observed among normal individuals. PMID- 6796484 TI - Insulin release in rats 1 and 5 days after hypophysectomy. AB - In the present experiments the effect of an intravenous glucose (0.5 g/kg body weight) and an intravenous glibenclamide (1 mg/kg body weight) injection on insulin release was studied in conscious rats shortly after hypophysectomy. 1 and 5 days after removal of the pituitary gland both the fasting blood glucose and the serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower when compared with control rats as was the insulin response to the stimulation by glucose or glibenclamide. In order to elucidate the contribution of the lower fasting blood glucose to the decreased insulin release, the effect of a continuous glucose infusion (2 ml/h of a 40% glucose solution) was studied in hypophysectomy rats. The artificial hyperglycemia for 4 1/2 days did not alter the low glucose-induced insulin release in these animals. The results clearly show that under appropriate in vivo conditions the diminished B-cell function can be detected very shortly after hypophysectomy. Furthermore, it appears that the depressed insulin release in hypophysectomized rats is not related to the lower blood glucose concentration. PMID- 6796485 TI - Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis: ultrastructural and serologic studies. AB - Liver biopsies from five patients with chronic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis were examined by electron microscopy for hepatocellular alterations. Circular fused membranes were observed within the cytoplasm of hepatocytes of four of the patients. Aggregates of intranuclear particles, measuring 22 +/- 2 nm in diameter, were also seen in two of the biopsies in which fused membranes were identified. Sera of all five patients formed precipitin lines detectable by counterimmunoelectrophoresis when reacted with serum from an individual convalescent from posttransfusion NANB hepatitis. Using this convalescent serum as an antibody source, complexes of 22 +/- 2 nm particles were identified in three of the chronic patient sera by immunoelectron microscopy. These observations suggest that at last one of the agents responsible for NANB hepatitis elicits both nuclear and cytoplasmic modifications. Furthermore, the 22 +/- 2 nm particles circulating in the sera of the chronic NANB patients may represent components related to NANB hepatitis agent. PMID- 6796486 TI - Bilirubin mono- and diglucuronide formation by human liver in vitro: assay by high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Bilirubin diglucuronide, the major pigment in human bile is formed in two steps. Bilirubin is converted to bilirubin monoglucuronide by transfer of the glucuronosyl moiety of uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid catalyzed by the microsomal enzyme, uridine diphosphoglucuronate glucuraonosyl transferase (UDP glucuronyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.17). Bilirubin monoglucuaronide is converted to bilirubin diglucuronide in vitro by two enzymatic mechanisms: (a) UDP glucuronyl transferase-mediated transfer of a second mole of glucuronic acid form UDP glucuronic acid to bilirubin monoglucuronide; (b) dismutation of 2 moles of bilirubin monoglucuronide to 1 mole of bilirubin diglucuronide and 1 mole of unconjugated bilirubin, catalyzed by bilirubin monoglucuronide dismutase (bilirubin glucuronoside glucuronosyl transferase EC 2.4.1.95). Assay methods for the three enzymatic mechanisms in human liver homogenate by high-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of underivatized bilirubin tetrapyrroles have been developed. UDP glucuronyl transferase was activated in five human liver homogenates with digitonin, Triton X-100, or UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Greatest activation was observed with Triton X-100. The pH optimum for conversion of bilirubin to bilirubin monoglucuronide was 7.4, and UDP glucuronyl transferase activity was 625 +/- 51 nmoles per 20 min per gm liver. At high initial bilirubin concentrations (342 microM), the product of UDP glucuronyl transferase assay with bilirubin as substrate was predominantly bilirubin monoglucuronide. At lower initial bilirubin concentrations (6.5 to 34 microM), up to 15% bilirubin diglucuronide was formed. Glucuronyl transferase-mediated UDP glucuronic acid dependent conversion of bilirubin monoglucuronide to diglucuronide was assayed using UDP-14-C-glucuronic acid. The pH optimum was 7.4, and the rate was 21 +/- 7 nmoles per gm liver per 20 min. The rate of bilirubin diglucuronide formation by enzymatic dismutation of bilirubin monoglucuronide was 470 +/- 112 nmoles per gm liver per min. The pH optimum was 6.6. The products of enzymatic dismutation were of the IX alpha configuration. PMID- 6796487 TI - [The use of alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis, strain DY, for the hydrolysis of amino acid and peptide esters (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied the hydrolysis of methyl-, ethyl- and benzylesters of amino acids and peptides using alkaline protease from B. subtilis, strain DY. The hydrolysis with this enzyme gives high yields (usually over 90%) with high optical purity of the products. The proposed method is considerably better than the alkaline saponification or the hydrolysis of these esters with alpha-chymotrypsin. The method is not applicable in the case of substrates with free amino groups as well as with substrates which are insoluble under the conditions of the reaction. PMID- 6796488 TI - Purification and characterization of some enzymatic properties of neuraminidase from Corynebacterium ulcerans. AB - Neuraminidase of Corynebacterium-ulcerans was purified by affinity chromatography using immobilized colominic acid preparations. Neuraminidase appears to be a thermolabile protein, molecular mass 70 000 Da. The pH optimum of 5.5 is independent of the substrate used; the optimal temperature is 37 degrees C, the Michaelis constant towards N-acetylneuraminosyllactose is 5.2 X 10(-4) M. Ca2+ and Ba2+ activated the enzyme, but Zn2+, Fe2+, and chelating agent EDTA were inhibitory. In our experiments the enzyme did not hydrolyse the (alpha - 2.6) or (alpha - 2.8) bonds of submaxillary pig mucin and colominic acid, respectively, but it hydrolysed such substrates as fetuin, ovomucin, orosomucoid and horse serum glycoproteins. PMID- 6796489 TI - Spot analysis for glycoprotein determination in the nanogram range. AB - A flexible method for glycoprotein determination with microliter-volumes using spot analysis ("Tupfelprobe") on cellulose acetate layers is described. With glucose oxidase as an example of a glycoprotein and fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled Concanavalin A, a sensitivity of 10 ng is reached; in combination with horseradish peroxidase 1 ng of glucose oxidase can be detected. A simultaneous determination of protein and glycoprotein with one single spot of 0.5, 1 or 2 microliters of a glycoprotein solution can be performed. The method is independent of many common external influences, e.g. dodecyl sulfate, Triton X 100, NP 40, mercaptoethanol and desoxycholate. Only pretreatment of the glycoprotein with urea decreases the sensitivity. PMID- 6796490 TI - A new look at primary prevention. PMID- 6796491 TI - The baby who refused to walk. PMID- 6796492 TI - The role of surgery in the treatment of arrhythmias. PMID- 6796493 TI - The case of the emergency room visit for paroxysmal tachycardia. PMID- 6796494 TI - The Curies: pioneers and victims of the atomic era. PMID- 6796495 TI - Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis. PMID- 6796496 TI - Induction, control and consequences of virus specific cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6796497 TI - Impact of thymus on the generation of immunocompetence and diversity of antigen specific MHC-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors. PMID- 6796498 TI - Rearrangements of immunoglobulin genes during differentiation and evolution. AB - Immunoglobulin genes are shown to undergo dynamic rearrangements during differentiation as well as evolution. We have demonstrated that a complete immunoglobulin heavy chain gene is formed by at least two types of DNA rearrangement during B cell differentiation. The first type of rearrangement is V D-J recombination to complete a variable region sequence and the second type is S S recombination to switch a constant region sequence. Both types of recombination are accompanied by deletion of the intervening DNA segment. Structure and organization of CH genes are elucidated by molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence determination. Organization of H chain genes is summarized as VH (unknown distance)-JH-(6.5 kb)-C mu-(4.5 kb)-C delta-(unknown distance)-C gamma 3 (34 kb)-C gamma 1-(21 kb)-C gamma 2b-(15 kb)-C gamma 2a-(14.5 kb)-C epsilon-(12.5 kb)-C alpha. The S-S recombination takes place at the S region which is located at the 5' side of each CH gene. Nucleotide sequence of the S region comprises tandem repetition of closely related sequences. The S-S recombination seems to be mediated by short common sequences shared among S regions. A sister chromatid exchange model was proposed as a mechanism for S-S recombination. Comparison of nucleotide sequences of CH genes indicates that immunoglobulin genes have scrambled by intervening sequence-mediated domain transfer during their evolution. PMID- 6796499 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of intact guinea pig tracheas cultured in a unique matrix-embed/perfusion system. AB - A new method for the in vitro culture of entire, intact tracheas from adult guinea pigs is described. Matrix-embed/perfusion (MEP) culture is based on an immobilization of the tissue in nutrient agar The tubular piece of agar-embedded organ was contained in a special perfusion block with two wells for liquid medium at either end. When incubated on a rocker platform, liquid medium flows through the trachea and supplies oxygen an nutrients. In this configuration, tracheas maintain near-normal metabolism (ATP content and dehydrogenase activity), structure (as determined by light and electron microscopy), and function (ciliary motion). Tissues could be maintained in vitro in a normal for at least 4 wk, with reduced ciliary motion and cell metabolism detectable for at least 6 wk. Agar embedded tissues from the MEP cultures were nearly identical to those cultivated with standard tracheal ring explant techniques. Tracheas in the MEP cultures were infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Attachment was neuraminidase-sensitive. Mycoplasma attachment was lowest on the epithelium along the dorsal ridge, but was uniform along the length of the trachea. Ciliostasis and cytonecrosis induced by M. pneumoniae was dose dependent. The matrix-embed/perfuse technique appears to have considerable potential for several types of in vitro studies on trachea or other tubular organs. PMID- 6796500 TI - Influence of age and parity on the susceptibility of rat mammary gland epithelial cells in primary cultures to 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - Mammary gland epithelial cells from rats of different ages or with different reproductive histories vary in their proliferative properties and susceptibility to dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) carcinogenesis in vivo. The present study was carried out to determine whether these differences are maintained under in vitro conditions. Primary cultures of mammary gland epithelial cells of young virgin, old virgin, and parous rats were treated with various doses of DMBA. Growth rates, DNA synthesis, and dose-response curves were determined; the toxicity of DMBA was measured by its effect on cell growth. Cell morphology was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Epithelial cells from the mammary gland of young virgin rats adapted rapidly to the culture conditions, behaving as if the cells were in the logarithmic phase of growth prior to plating. Mammary gland epithelial cells from old virgin and parous rats required a lag period prior to cell growth during which the proliferating cells adapted to the culture conditions. Cells from each group had comparable doubling times, and DNA synthesis peaked approximately 1 d after initiation of growth in culture. The numbers of proliferating cells decreased with increasing age and parity of the donor. Mammary gland epithelial cells of young virgin rats were more susceptible to both low and high doses of DMBA than those of old virgin and parous rats when the carcinogen was added either 24 h after plating or at the peak of DNA synthesis. These results indicate that age and parity influence the proliferative status of the cells and their susceptibility to DMBA in vitro, simulating in that way the in vivo situation. PMID- 6796501 TI - Large-scale rotating filter perfusion system for high-density growth of mammalian suspension cultures. AB - A system has been developed for growth and maintenance of mammalian cells in suspension culture at high density. In principle, the maintenance of constant levels of required nutrients coupled with the removal of toxic cell byproducts can support much higher suspension cell densities than may be obtained in conventional spinners. The system consisted of 4- or 40-liter reaction vessels equipped with a vertically supported rotating cylindrical filter. Agitation was provided by the magnetically driven, rotating filter. Fresh medium was supplied at a rate of 10 to 20 ml/h per 10(9) cells and the expended medium free of cells was withdrawn through the rotating filter. Both pH and dissolved O2 and CO2 were monitored and regulated. Walker 256 carcinosarcoma cells have been grown in these reactors to densities 10- to 30-fold greater than that obtained in Bellco spinners. In addition to high cell densities, the yield of cells per liter of medium used was 2- to 3-fold that obtained in the conventional systems. Both 4- ad 40-liter reactor also has been operated without the use of antibiotics. The 40 liter reactor also has been modified for chemostat operation. In a single run, for example, the Walker cell density was maintained between 6 and 10 x 10(6) cells/ml with a total yield of 8.7 x 10(11) cells from 360 liters of medium. PMID- 6796502 TI - Variant angina and coronary artery spasm. PMID- 6796503 TI - Role of biogenic amines and their related enzymes in cancer cases. PMID- 6796504 TI - Use of intravesical thiotepa in superficial bladder tumours. PMID- 6796505 TI - Specific protein antigens of Nocardia polychromogenes. PMID- 6796506 TI - Serum glycohydrolases in compensated & decompensated alloxan diabetic rabbits. PMID- 6796508 TI - Cycloheximide & mitomycin C inhibited production of dengue virus-induced suppressor factor. PMID- 6796507 TI - Immunological characterization of partially purified cholinesterase from ascitic fluid of Ehrlich tumor. PMID- 6796509 TI - Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol palmitate in malnourished children. PMID- 6796510 TI - alpha-D-Galactosyl transferase levels in pregnant women and newborn infants of blood group B. PMID- 6796511 TI - Drug metabolism in non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and other liver diseases. PMID- 6796512 TI - Cost and benefits of immunization in India. PMID- 6796513 TI - Leucocyte protein and free alpha amino nitrogen levels in marasmus. PMID- 6796514 TI - Spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia Tarda. PMID- 6796515 TI - The levels of zinc, copper, calcium and magnesium in serum and urine after heart valve replacement. Effects of oxygenator type and postoperative parenteral nutrition. AB - We studied the effects of mitral or aortic valve-replacement operations with cardiopulmonary bypass on the levels of zinc, copper, calcium, and magnesium in serum and urine in 23 patients. The specimens of blood and urine were taken preoperatively and on the second and fifth postoperative days. There were remarkable decreases in serum levels on the second postoperative day of all four bioelements in all patients compared to the preoperative levels. At the same time there were also clear decreases of calcium and magnesium in urinary excretions. The urine zinc and copper excretion showed no big variations during the three study periods. On the fifth postoperative day, serum magnesium levels increased in all patients in spite of increased urine excretion. Serum calcium levels decreased on the fifth day further and urine excretion increased again. Serum copper levels increased slightly on the fifth postoperative day compared to the second postoperative day. At the same time serum zinc concentrations increased only in the patients who had parenteral nutrition (approximately 40 kcal per kg of body weight per day) for 4 postoperative days. The effect on zinc levels was the only difference in parameters between patients given conventional fluid therapy with 5% glucose solution or parenteral nutrition with 30% glucose, amino acid, and fat emulsion regimen. There were no differences in the bioelements between patients perfused with bubble or membrane oxygenators. PMID- 6796516 TI - [Parenteral and enteral feeding of neurologic patients in crisis from the viewpoint of long-term intensive therapy]. AB - 32 patients in a neurological intensive-care unit with severe disturbances of conscious or impaired function of the swallowing muscles had to receive artificial nutrition on an average of 164 days. They were nourished either parenterally, with the nutrient defined diet Biosorb in combination with parenteral nutrition, or exclusively via a feeding tube. Enteral nutrition was given preference over parenteral nutrition if justified under the clinical circumstances. A multivariable study was intended to investigate to what extent the respective type of nutrition and its individual components met the actual clinical requirements during such a long period. Moreover, the study was intended to demonstrate to what degree adverse factors influenced the different nutritional regimens and necessitated--in addition to infusion programs and dietetics--supplementary steps which might also be of use under completely optimized circumstances. PMID- 6796517 TI - Characterization of the glycoprotein antigens which mediate the Schistosoma japonicum circumoval precipitin reaction. AB - The circumoval precipitin test is a serological test used for diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Soluble egg antigens of Schistosoma japonicum block the formation of the circumoval precipitin by serum from infected humans. Consequently, circumoval precipitin inhibition was used to monitor purification of the soluble egg antigens of S. japonicum. Crude egg antigens were separated into protein and glycoprotein fractions by lectin chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose. The glycoprotein fraction produced two intense precipitin lines upon immunodiffusion analysis with human chronic infection sera. The protein fraction produced two faint precipitin lines which did not cross-react with those of the glycoprotein fraction. The glycoprotein fraction contained 90% of the circumoval precipitin inhibitory activity. Isoelectric focusing of (125)I-labeled concanavalin A Sepharose fractions revealed at least four groups of potential S. japonicum antigens, termed JAG I, II, and III, and a JAG IV complex. These had isoelectric points ranging from 3.2 to 6.7. In these respects, the S. japonicum egg antigen glycoproteins are similar to those of Schistosoma mansoni. The glycoproteins were further separated by diethylaminoethyl ion-exchange chromatography. On immunodiffusion analysis it was found that one of the strong Ouchterlony precipitin lines was associated with glycoproteins that did not adsorb to diethyl-aminoethyl columns, whereas the second Ouchterlony precipitin was heterodisperse, being present in the first, second, and third of the four peaks eluted from the diethylaminoethyl column. Immunoelectrophoresis of the diethylaminoethyl fractions demonstrated that the antigen present in highest concentration in soluble egg antigen glycoproteins, JAG II, was extremely heterodisperse in its behavior on diethylaminoethyl columns. This is unlike the S. mansoni antigens which can be easily separated by diethylaminoethyl ion exchange chromatography. PMID- 6796518 TI - Attachment of killed Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells and membranes to erythrocytes. AB - To correlate viability with attachment capacity, Mycoplasma gallisepticum cell harvested at different growth phases and treated by various agents were tested for their capacity to attach to human erythrocytes. The results show that viability per se is not essential for M. gallisepticum attachment to erythrocytes, as cells killed by ultraviolet irradiation anmd membranes isolated by lysing M. gallisepticum cells by various means retained attachment capacity. However, treatment of the mycoplasmas by protein-denaturing agents, such as heart, glutaraldehyde, or prolonged exposure to low pH, drastically affected or even abolished attachment, supporting the protein nature of the mycoplasma membrane components responsible for specific binding to the sialoglycoprotein receptors on the erythrocytes. PMID- 6796519 TI - Some characteristics of heavy and light bands of Rickettsia prowazekii on Renografin gradients. AB - Suspensions of partially purified Rickettsia prowazekii yielded two bands of organisms when centrifuged to equilibrium in Renografin density gradients. Rickettsiae from the lower, heavy band were defective in their infective and metabolic activities, as compared to organisms from the light band. The greater density in Renografin of heavy-banding organisms was due to their lack of permeability barrier to it, as evidenced by the absence of plasmolysis in hypertonic Renografin. In contrast, light-banding rickettsiae were able to exclude Renografin, since they were plasmolyzed in it. The proportion of heavy banding organisms in a rickettsial suspension was influenced by the growth phase they were in when harvested from infected yolk sacs, as well as by the conditions and media to which they subsequently were exposed. We have concluded that these defective forms arise from the degeneration of light-banding rickettsiae. This separation of two functional classes of rickettsiae in Renografin density gradients has been exploited (i) to increase the uniformity of the suspensions by removing many noninfectious particles and (ii) to determine rapidly the integrity of certain properties of the cytoplasmic membrane of organisms exposed to a variety of conditions. PMID- 6796520 TI - Major histocompatibility gene complex and delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 6796521 TI - Antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor factors derived from T cell hybridomas: their function and molecular organization. PMID- 6796522 TI - Anti-idiotypic specificity of T cell help induced by concanavalin A. PMID- 6796523 TI - Criteria for the clinical evaluation of anti-allergic therapy. PMID- 6796524 TI - Evaluation of immediate- and late-response inhibition of a new beta-agonist, KWD 2131, compared with terbutaline and DSCG. PMID- 6796525 TI - Association of HLA phenotypes A1, B8, DW3 and A3, B7, DW2 with allergy. PMID- 6796526 TI - Genetic polymorphism (Igh-7 allotype) detected on murine IgE. PMID- 6796527 TI - Direct evidence for the heterogeneity of the IgE and the IgG1 receptor on murine mast cells. PMID- 6796528 TI - Synergistic action of two polyamine antimetabolites leads to a rapid therapeutic response in childhood leukemia. AB - Sequential administration of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), two differently acting inhibitors of the biosynthesis of natural polyamines, produced a rapid and distinct therapeutic response in four children with advanced lymphoblastic and in one with myeloblastic leukemia. The synergism between the action of the two compounds was based upon a unique drug interaction; a preceding treatment with difluoromethyl ornithine greatly increased the uptake of subsequently administered methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) as verified by the actual determinations of the latter drug in the circulating leukemia cells. The side-effects associated with the combined drug regiment were either absent or mild. PMID- 6796529 TI - Inhibitory action of Asparagus racemosus on DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats. PMID- 6796530 TI - Production of T-cell lines with inhibitory or stimulatory activity against syngeneic tumors in vivo. A preliminary report. AB - We obtained Thy-I-positive cells directly from growing methylcholanthrene-induced (MCA-1510) sarcomas using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, then cultured these lymphocytes in medium containing Interleukin-2 and tested their activity in vivo against various MCA-sarcoma lines with the Winn assay. We found that cultured T cells from small MCA-1510 tumors (17 days after transplantation) significantly inhibited the growth of that particular sarcoma, but not of three other MCA-tumor lines tested, while cultured T cells from large MCA-1510 sarcomas (41 days after transplantation) significantly enhanced the growth of that tumor, but not of an unrelated tumor, MCA-1460. The former cells were primarily Lyt-1+, 2+ while the latter were primarily Lyt-1+, 2+. PMID- 6796531 TI - Enhancing effects of dimethylnitrosamine on aflatoxin B hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. AB - In a study of possible enhancing effects of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) hepatocarcinogenesis, male Buffalo strain rats were fed diets containing 1 ppm AFB1, 25 ppm DMN, and a combination of 1 ppm AFB1 and 25 ppm DMN (AFB1 + DMN). The diets were replaced by chow pellets after 6 months, and animals were killed 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the onset of the experiment. In the untreated control group animals were free of hepatocellular carcinoma but the treated groups fed AFB1, DMN and AFB1 plus DMN developed hepatic lesions ranging from multiple cysts, altered cell foci and neoplastic nodules to hepatocellular carcinomas. Hepatocellular carcinomas developed in 79%, 45% and 5% of rats fed AFB1 plus DMN, AFB1 and DMN respectively at the end of the experiment. Multiple cysts were also found in all periods in animals fed AFB1 plus DMN, whereas rats fed AFB1 and DMN separately developed a few multiple cysts by the end of the experiment. These findings suggest that DMN potentiates the hepatocarcinogenesis induced by AFB1 in rats. PMID- 6796532 TI - Gut hormone changes after jejunoileal (JIB) or biliopancreatic (BPB) bypass surgery for morbid obesity. AB - The treatment of obesity by intestinal bypass provides a unique model for the investigation of gut hormone release from the functionally deranged bowel. We have examined the postprandial response of eight circulating gut or pancreatic peptide hormones in 16 preoperative obese patients, 20 patients with jejunoileal bypass, 38 patients with biliopancreatic bypass and 13 age and sex-matched controls. Basal and post-meal hormone concentrations were determined by specific radioimmunoassay methods. Reductions of the upper small intestinal hormones, motilin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide were found in both types of surgery. Conversely, the ileal hormones neurotensin and enteroglucagon were elevated following surgery. This pattern is consistent with the known distribution of these hormones. Variations of response due to surgical differences were noted for gastrin and the enteropancreatic axis, which was more markedly disturbed after biliopancreatic bypass. The alterations of hormone release closely reflect the anatomical changes induced by each particular surgical technique. PMID- 6796533 TI - Hyperoxaluria associated with intestinal bypass surgery for morbid obesity: occurrence, pathogenesis and approaches to treatment. AB - Hyperoxaluria occurs in most patients after the conventional jejunoileal bypass procedure for obesity. The mechanism of hyperoxaluria is complex, involving persistence of dietary oxalate in solution as well as increased colonic permeability to oxalate. Endogenous oxalate formation also contributes to hyperoxaluria. Treatment is unsatisfactory and involves a low-oxalate diet and simultaneous administration of agents which bind oxalate and bile acids, such as aluminum hydroxide. Hyperoxaluria was not present in 21 of 22 patients who had undergone the pancreato-biliary bypass procedure. PMID- 6796534 TI - Reversible modification of lysine in beta-lactoglobulin using citraconic anhydride. Effects on the sulfhydryl groups. AB - Acylation of lysine in beta-lactoglobulin-B with citraconic anhydride resulted in a loss of free sulfhydryl groups. These were not regenerated under the conditions used to remove the modifying groups from lysine. Gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the citraconylated and decitraconylated beta-lactoglobulin showed the presence of high molecular weight components. Modification of sulfhydryl groups with N-ethylmaleimide prior to citraconylation prevented the formation of these high molecular weight components. The heterogeneity of the decitraconylated protein was attributed to a combination of intermolecular disulfide bonding of subunits caused by structural changes occurring during lysine modification and to alkylation of free sulfhydryl groups via the citraconyl double bond. PMID- 6796535 TI - Preparative oxidative conversion of protected peptide C alpha-hydrazides into the corresponding acids by N-bromosuccinimide. PMID- 6796536 TI - Analogs of amanin. Synthesis of Ile3-amaninamide and its diastereoisomeric (S) sulfoxide. AB - Ile3-amaninamide (3-R) and its diastereomeric sulfoxide (3-S) are obtained by oxidation of the bicyclic thioether peptide 2 by hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid. 2 was prepared by an intramolecular Savige-Fontana reaction of the linear octapeptide tert.-butylester 4 whose N-terminal Boc-Hpi residue on treatment with TFA loses the Boc group and reacts under thioether formation with the released cysteine-SH. The concomitantly deprotected carboxyl terminus is coupled intramolecularly with the free amino group of the secocompound 5 using the MA or DCCI method, thus forming the homodetic peptide ring. Compounds 3-R and 3-S agree very well with analog samples in chiroptical behavior. Thioether 2 and sulfoxide 3-R exert 50% inhibition of RNA polymerase II (or B) from Drosophila melanogaster in 10(-6) M solution whereas Ki of 3-S is about five times higher. PMID- 6796537 TI - Carbonic anhydrase distribution in the rabbit eye by light and electron microscopy. AB - The distribution of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the rabbit eye was studied by light and electron microscopy according to the histochemical method of Hansson. In the cornea, CA staining was found in the cytoplasm of the endothelium. The filtering tissue in the chamber angle did not stain. The pigmented epithelium of the iris and the non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body showed intense staining distinctly located at lateral and apical cell membranes, without clearcut regional differences. In the Muller cells of the retina cytoplasmic staining was found. The dilatator muscle of the iris, the pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body, and the pigment epithelium of the retina showed similar and intense staining: cytoplasmic, mitochondrial, and at the cell membranes. The similarity of CA staining in these areas suggests similarity in function, possibly as transport processes important for the nutrition of the overlying cells. However, the role of CA in the various locations remains speculative, except in the corneal endothelium and the prelenticular ciliary processes, where the enzyme is evidently concerned with transport of salt and water. PMID- 6796538 TI - Antibiotic usage in a surgical unit. PMID- 6796539 TI - Prophylaxis in gynaecological surgery. PMID- 6796540 TI - Rational and cost-effective management of the patient with a solid breast lump. AB - The rational management of the palpable breast lump requires a tissue diagnosis. The more conventional approach is biopsy under general anesthesia, examination of frozen sections and "follow-on" mastectomy when indicated. In the present study, we aimed at arriving at an unequivocal tissue diagnosis by studying permanent sections at a separate ambulatory procedure either with formal biopsy under local anesthetic or, in suspicious lumps, with the Trucut biopsy needle (Travenol Laboratories, Inc. USA). Only 7 (14%) of the 56 women with 64 breast lumps were hospitalized for biopsy under general anesthesia. In 13 out of 22 breast cancers, the definitive diagnosis was made by examining Trucut needle biopsy specimens. This alternative approach provides a significant reduction of costs, more efficient utilization of operating time and a fully evaluated, psychologically prepared patient, when mastectomy is indicated. PMID- 6796541 TI - Treatment of locally advanced breast carcinoma with high-dose external beam supervoltage radiotherapy. AB - Between 1960 and 1978, 85 patients with locally advanced T3-4N0-3M0 carcinoma of the breast were treated with 5,000 to 8,000 rad of external beam supervoltage radiotherapy. Initial clinical eradication of the tumor was observed in 76 of 87 cases (87%), but the actuarial probability of local control at 6 yr was only 53%. Furthermore, the actuarial probability of disease-free survival was 25% at 5 year and 13% at 10 yr. Most of the patients eventually succumbed to metastatic breast carcinoma and the actuarial survival at 5 yr was 43% and at 10 yr, 16%. The addition of adjuvant low-dose chemotherapy, given to 13 patients, did not affect the rates of local control, survival or disease-free survival. The most common long-term complication was extensive and deforming radiation-induced fibrosis of the treated breast. The actuarial probability of 10-yr survival without a local recurrence and without severe fibrosis of the treated breast was only 17.5%. The role of adjuvant high-dose chemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced breast carcinoma and the possible use of improved radiotherapy techniques to achieve a more effective long-term local control and a more desirable cosmetic end result are discussed. PMID- 6796542 TI - Effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition on the immune response. AB - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis at the time of antigen presentation was used to test the role of prostaglandins in the inductive stage of the in vivo immune response to several antigens. Indomethacin and Ro 20-5720, two prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, produced a several-fold enhancement of the primary immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG anti-sheep red blood cell plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in CAF1 mice. Indomethacin and Ro 20-5720 also enhanced the antibody response to chicken serum albumin (CSA) in buffered saline. However, the antibody response to CSA in Freund's adjuvant was reduced by indomethacin treatment. Indomethacin treatment enhanced the PFC response to a chicken lysozyme lipopolysaccharide conjugate, and did not greatly affect the PFC response to pneumococcal polysaccharide. The allogeneic cytotoxic response to the El-4 tumor line was delayed by indomethacin treatment and, since this tumor does not synthesize prostaglandins, we speculate that prostaglandin synthesis by the host is important in the generation of a cytotoxic response to this tumor. It is concluded that the role of prostaglandins in the induction of the immune response varies, and can be proinductive or anti-inductive, depending on the eliciting antigen. PMID- 6796543 TI - Mouse macrophage functions under the influence of factors released by spleen cells preincubated with the methanol extraction residue (MER) tubercle bacillus fraction. AB - Exposure of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro to the nonspecific immunomodulator MER (methanol extraction residue fraction of phenol killed, acetone washed tubercle bacilli) failed to heighten their phagocytic and bacteriostatic activities toward Staphylococcus albus, even when amounts of the agent below the threshold of gross toxicity were employed. In contrast, exposure of such macrophages to supernatants of whole splenocyte suspensions that had been obtained from normal donors and were incubated with MER resulted in consistent potentiation of both phagocytosis and bacteriostasis. The findings suggest that the MER effect on macrophages function is mediated, in this system, by soluble lymphocyte product(s). PMID- 6796544 TI - Murine macrophage cytotoxicity induced by mastocytoma cells, cell-free mastocytoma exudates, and extracts. AB - Peritoneal macrophages obtained from normal CBA mice expressed significant cytotoxicity against the DBA/2-derived P815 mastocytoma but not against DBA/2 derived SL2 tumor or the C57BL-derived tumors TLX9 and EL4. The macrophages also expressed some cytotoxicity against the DBA/2-derived L5178Y tumor. Incubation of normal CBA macrophages with cell-free exudate of intraperitoneally growing P815 cells resulted in cytotoxicity against the SL2 and against the EL4 lymphosarcoma. Incubation of SL2 tumor cells with P815 ascitic fluid before adding the SL2 tumor cells to normal CBA macrophage monolayers also resulted in inhibition of SL2 tumor cell growth on these monolayers. Trypsinization of the macrophages after incubation with ascitic fluid (or tumor extract) but before challenge with tumor cells abolished cytotoxic activity of the macrophages. Incubation of normal macrophages with a comparable amount of trypsin before tumor cells were added had no influence on their activity. Cytotoxicity could be induced after 7 days storage of the exudate at 5 degrees C, but this ability was lost within 72 hr when kept at room temperature. Storage at -20 degrees C had no influence. Gel fractionation of the cell-free exudate showed that the product responsible for the effect is a small molecular weight product (mol wt less than 1000). Furthermore the "product" was dialyzable. The "factor" could not be shown in the supernatant of P815 cell cultures unless the cultures comprised greater than or equal to 40% dead cells. PMID- 6796545 TI - 'Blue jeans for you, brown lung for us': OSHA's cotton dust standard. PMID- 6796546 TI - Effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6796547 TI - Virological and serological study in children hospitalized for acute hepatitis (detection of HBsAg, HAAg, anti-HAV and specific IgM-anti-HAV). AB - Serological methods were used to detect different markers of hepatitis A and B infection in a series of 36 children aged 3.5-13 years with acute viral hepatitis, hospitalized from August 1978 to October 1978. Hepatitis A was verified serologically in 30 patients (83.3%) with the demonstration of specific IgM-anti-HAV. Hepatitis B infection was serologically confirmed in only 2 patients (5.5%). After exclusion of hepatitis A and B as well as of hepatitis due to cytomegalovirus, leptospira and Epstein-Barr virus, 3 patients (8.3) were classified to have post-transfusion non-A non-B hepatitis, and 1 patient (2.5%) showed a sporadic non-A non-B hepatitis. The finding of HBsAg in 5 of 30 patients with hepatitis A suggests that the presence of HBsAg during the acute icteric phase of viral hepatitis is not sufficient for a diagnosis of HB. The presence of HAAg in one of 30 patients with HA confirms previous studies that faecal shedding of HAV stops with the appearance of jaundice. Finally, the above results establish the value of the new radioimmunoassay technique for detection of specific IgM-anti-HAV, which appears to be the best diagnostic test for hepatitis A. PMID- 6796548 TI - [Localized form of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a child. Case report]. AB - The authors report the case of a 4 1/2-year-old boy with a localized xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Review of the literature shows that this rare condition is often misdiagnosed before surgery, a preoperative diagnosis of Wilms' tumor being proposed instead of the exact one which is of benign prognosis. The pathogenesis is unknown. PMID- 6796549 TI - beta-Hydroxysterol distribution as determined by freeze-fracture cytochemistry. AB - Filipin, a polyene antibiotic, fluoresces and forms 15-25 nm aggregates when combined with beta-hydroxysterols, rendering sterols detectable by fluorescence microscopy and by electron microscopy of thin sections and freeze-fracture replicas. We applied filipin in a glutaraldehyde fixative to tissue-cultured cells of Drosophila melanogaster larvae, in which sterol concentration can be regulated. Since the number of filipin-sterol aggregates observed in membranes was found to be proportional to the amount of sterol experimentally inserted, utilizing filipin is a valid method for quantifying, as well as for mapping, sterol distribution in biological membranes. Other antibiotics may be similarly used for localizing some species of negatively charged phospholipids. In addition to cytochemical identification of specific lipids, rapid freezing and deep etching of unfixed, non-cryoprotected cells may permit us to examine membrane lipids in different physical states: liquid-crystalline and gel. Combining these several techniques has resulted in new data concerning the disposition of lipids during the intimate juxtaposition of membranes preceding fusion. For example, in guinea-pig sperm, foci of closely apposed membranes are bereft of beta hydroxysterols and intramembranous particles. Such regions of membrane sometimes exist in a crystalline state and may be rimmed by negatively charged phospholipids. As previously noted in other areas of cytochemistry, the in situ localization of specific substances provides information unobtainable by morphological or biochemical techniques alone. PMID- 6796550 TI - Dosimetry, field shaping and other considerations for intra-operative electron therapy. PMID- 6796551 TI - Radical external radiotherapy for prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 6796553 TI - Improvement of small-field penumbra and dose distributions on a 4 MV accelerator. PMID- 6796552 TI - Response of multicellular tumor spheroids to multiple fractions of negative pi mesons and X rays. PMID- 6796554 TI - Scatter component and its effect on virtual source and electron beam quality. PMID- 6796555 TI - Equine endotoxemia: an insight into cause and treatment. PMID- 6796556 TI - Effects of inducible beta-lactamase and antimicrobial resistance upon the activity of newer beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The activity of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin was evaluated against 262 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were 242 (92%) of the isolates that were susceptible to carbenicillin or ticarcillin by an agar dilution method. Against this population of susceptible isolates, the median MICs were 1.56 microgram/ml of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, 3.13 microgram/ml of piperacillin, 25 microgram/ml of ticarcillin, 25 microgram/ml of cefotaxime, 50 microgram/ml of carbenicillin and 50 microgram/ml of moxalactam. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the only beta lactam antibiotic not affected by an inducible beta-lactamase detected in 24 randomly selected susceptible isolates by a disk approximation assay, while cefotaxime was inactivated to a greater extent than any of the other beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to carbenicillin and ticarcillin was noted in 20 isolates (8%); these were susceptible to N-formimidoyl thienamycin, but cross-resistance with piperacillin, cefotaxime, and moxalactam was frequent. Only four of these resistant isolates were found to have a constitutive beta-lactamase. Gentamicin resistance occurred in 51 isolates (19%) and was an independent variable of resistance to the beta-lactam drugs. PMID- 6796557 TI - Evidence against a general role of NADP-glycohydrolase in differentiation of Streptomyces griseus. PMID- 6796558 TI - Citrus artifact interference in aflatoxin M1 determination in milk. AB - Dried citrus waste was fed to dairy cows, their milk was extracted, and aflatoxin M1 was quantitated by using both high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Results indicate that a compound from the citrus waste, which is excreted into the milk, interferes with the HPLC determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk and causes a false positive test. This interference can be overcome by using TLC with proper selection of developing solvents. PMID- 6796559 TI - Estimation of lactose hydrolysis by freezing point measurements in milk and whey substrates treated with lactases from various microorganisms. AB - beta-Galactosidase concentrates obtained from several microorganisms were used to hydrolyze skim milk, low fat (2%) milk, sweet whey, acid whey, acid whey permeate, and acid whey concentrate. Among acid substrates, the freezing point depression for each 1% lactose hydrolyzed was the greatest with the lactase from Aspergillus niger (0.0501 degrees H); among neutral substrates, the depression was greater in sweet whey (0.0495 degree H) and lesser in low fat milk (0.0445 degrees H). All data were statistically significant. The average freezing point depression for each 1% lactose hydrolyzed wa s0.0468 degrees H (range 0.0436 0.0501 degrees H). Oligosaccharides formed in the lactose hydrolysis inconsistent freezing point readings of the cryoscope at the low freezing points measured, and protease contamination in some lactases may affect the precision of freezing point determination. Hydration and volume of non-protein components in commercial enzymes, unstable color complex formed by lactose and methylamine solution, and difficulty in the use of methylamine solution might cause variations in determination of lactose by the analytical procedure. These factors can be eliminated or minimized. This method is the simplest and quickest estimation of lactose hydrolysis, and it offers great accuracy and consistency. PMID- 6796561 TI - Defective specialized SP beta transducing bacteriophages of Bacillus subtilis that carry the sup-3 or sup-44 gene. AB - We isolated defective specialized transducing phages of SP beta that carry one of the extracistronic suppressors, sup-3 or sup-44. Lysates containing these phages can be used in a simple spot test to determine whether an auxotrophic mutation can be suppressed. The sup-3 and sup-44 mutations are distinct, in that their suppression patterns differ for the markers hisA1, metC3, and thr-5; and they are not alleles. PMID- 6796560 TI - Duplication of the tuf gene, which encodes peptide chain elongation factor Tu, is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria. AB - The tuf gene which encodes peptide chain elongation factor Tu was found to be duplicated in nine enteric and four nonenteric gram-negative bacteria, but present only in one copy in two gram-positive genera. In two of the nonenteric gram-negative genera, Pseudomonas and Caulobacter, the duplicate tuf genes were found to be very close together on the chromosome, which contrasts with the situation in Escherichia coli, where they are more than 660 kilobases apart. PMID- 6796562 TI - Interaction with lectins and differential wheat germ agglutinin binding of pyocin 103-sensitive and -resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were treated with pyocin 611 131 (pyocin 103) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103, and isogenic resistant variants were isolated. The interaction of pyocin-sensitive and isogenic pyocin-resistant strains with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) agglutinated all pyocin-sensitive, but not pyocin resistant, strains. Binding of WGA to three pyocin-sensitive strains and their isogenic pyocin-resistant variants was examined quantitatively by using fluorescein-conjugated lectin. Pyocin-resistant strains maximally bound one-third to one-eighth the quantity of WGA bound by isogenic-sensitive strains. Linear Scatchard plots revealed homogeneous WGA-binding sites on three pyocin-sensitive and one pyocin-resistant strains. Biphasic Scatchard plots, obtained with two pyocin-resistant strains, show that WGA-binding sites in these strains are heterogeneous. The number of WGA-binding sites for pyocin-sensitive organisms ranged from 8 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) sites per coccus and from 1 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(5) sites per coccus for pyocin-resistant strains. The apparent association constant for WGA binding to pyocin-sensitive strains ranged from 3 x 10(6) to 6 x 10(6) liters/mol and from 6 x 10(6) to 1 x 10(7) liters/mol for pyocin-resistant strains. Gonococcal lipopolysaccharide was shown to serve as the pyocin 103 receptor by inhibition of pyocin activity. Lipopolysaccharide from a pyocin 103 resistant strain was not able to inhibit pyocin 103 activity. Pyocin 103 resistance was correlated with a structural alteration involving N acetylglucosamine residues in gonococcal lipopolysaccharide. Based on interactions with wheat germ, soybean, and ricin lectins, a model of lipopolysaccharide structure in N. gonorrhoeae is presented. PMID- 6796563 TI - Regulation of coenzyme A biosynthesis. AB - Coenzyme A (CoA) and acyl carrier protein are two cofactors in fatty acid metabolism, and both possess a 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety that is metabolically derived from the vitamin pantothenate. We studied the regulation of the metabolic pathway that gives rise to these two cofactors in an Escherichia coli beta alanine auxotroph, strain SJ16. Identification and quantitation of the intracellular and extracellular beta-alanine-derived metabolites from cells grown on increasing beta-alanine concentrations were performed. The intracellular content of acyl carrier protein was relatively insensitive to beta-alanine input, whereas the CoA content increased as a function of external beta-alanine concentration, reaching a maximum at 8 microM beta-alanine. Further increase in the beta-alanine concentration led to the excretion of pantothenate into the medium. Comparing the amount of pantothenate found outside the cell to the level of intracellular metabolites demonstrates that E. coli is capable of producing 15 fold more pantoic acid than is required to maintain the intracellular CoA content. Therefore, the supply of pantoic acid is not a limiting factor in CoA biosynthesis. Wild-type cells also excreted pantothenate into the medium, showing that the beta-alanine supply is also not rate limiting in CoA biogenesis. Taken together, the results point to pantothenate kinase as the primary enzymatic step that regulates the CoA content of E. coli. PMID- 6796564 TI - Acyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Propionibacterium shermanii: detection and properties. AB - An acyl coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, which catalyzes the adenosine triphosphate dependent fixation of CO2 into acetyl-, propionyl-, and butyryl-CoA, was detected in fractionated cell extracts of Propionibacterium shermanii. Catalytic activity was inhibited by avidin but was unaffected by avidin pretreated with excess biotin. The carboxylase levels detected were relatively small and were related to cellular growth. Maximal carboxylase activity was detected in cells grown for about 96 h. Thereafter, the activity declined rapidly. Optimal CO2 fixation occurred at pH 7.5. Other parameters of the assay system were optimized, and the apparent Km values for substrates were determined. The end product of the reaction (with acetyl-CoA as the substrate) was identified as malonyl-CoA. The stoichiometry of the reaction was such that, for every mole of acetyl-CoA and adenosine triphosphate consumed, 1 mol each of malonyl-CoA, adenosine diphosphate, and orthophosphate was formed. These data provide the first evidence for the presence of another biotin-containing enzyme, an acyl-CoA carboxylase, in these bacteria in addition to the well-characterized methylmalonyl-CoA carboxyltransferase. PMID- 6796565 TI - High-molecular-weight penicillin-binding proteins from membranes of bacilli. AB - Mixtures of high-molecular-weight, cephalosporin-sensitive penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) can be purified from Bacillus subtilis membranes by cephalosporin affinity chromatography (G. Kleppe and J. L. Strominger, J. Biol. Chem. 254:4856 4862, 1979). By appropriate modification of this technique, B. subtilis PBP 1 was purified to homogeneity, and a mixture of Bacillus stearothermophilus PBPs 1, 2, and 4 was isolated. [14C]penicillin-PBP complexes of high-molecular-weight PBPs purified from membranes of these two bacilli, after denaturation, were found to have chemical reactivities typical of the penicilloyl-serine derivative formed by D-alanine carboxypeptidase from B. stearothermophilus. Although enzymatic activity catalyzed by these and several other high-molecular-weight PBPs from gram-positive organisms has not been detected with cell wall-related substrates, a slow, enzymatic acylation of B. subtilis PBPs 1, 2ab, and 4 by [14C]-diacetyl-L lysyl-D-alanyl-D-lactate was demonstrated. Further study is necessary to clarify the physiological relevance of the slow acylation by this analog of a natural cell wall biosynthetic intermediate. PMID- 6796566 TI - Ethylenediaminetetraacetate-extractable protein-lipopolysaccharide complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: characterization of protein components. AB - Five major outer membrane proteins (D1, D2, E, G, and H1) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but not proteins F (porin), I (lipoprotein), and H2, were detected in high-molecular-weight protein-lipopolysaccharide complex(es) solubilized from sucrose-stabilized cells on exposure to ethylenediaminetetraacetate and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. PMID- 6796567 TI - Partial purification and properties of respiratory chain-linked l-glycerol 3 phosphate dehydrogenase from a marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus. AB - Respiratory chain-linked L-glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.99.5] of marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, was extracted from the membrane fraction by treatment with Tween 20, and fractionation on DEAE-Sephacel and QAE Sephadex in the presence of 0.05% Liponox DCH(alkyl polyoxyethylene ether) yielded a preparation having a specific activity of 22.1 units/mg protein when assayed by phenazine methosulfate (PMS)-coupled reduction of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium (MTT). The purified enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 300,000 as determined by chromatography on Sepharcyl S-300 in 0.05% Liponox DCH, and had noncovalently bound FAD as its coenzyme. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5-9.0, and required 200 mM NaCl or KCl and an appropriate detergent (such as Tween, Brij or Liponox DCH) for maximum activation. The activating effect of NaCl was due to a decrease in Km for G3P and that of Tween 20 was due to both a decrease in Km and an increase in Vm. Triton X-100 could not activate the enzyme and was inhibitory in the presence of phospholipids. The reaction followed a ping pong mechanism. IN addition to PMS, 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and duroquinone, the enzyme could reduce ubiquinone-5 (Q-5) in the presence of Liponox DCH at a rate of 46% of the PMS reductase activity. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by heavy metal ions and by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The activity for Q-5, but not for PMS, was inhibited by o-phenanthroline and bathophenanthroline, suggesting the participation of nonheme iron protein in the Q-5 reduction. PMID- 6796568 TI - beta-Galactosidase-linked immunoassay of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - A sensitive and specific enzyme immunoassay for prostaglandin F2 alpha was developed in which prostaglandin F2 alpha was labeled with beta-D-galactosidase. After competitive binding to antibody between enzyme-labeled and free prostaglandin F2 alpha, the immunoreactive product was precipitated by double antibody technique, and the enzyme activity of the precipitate was determined fluorometrically. The procedures allowed determination of 0.03-20 pmol of prostaglandin F2 alpha. The detection limit of 0.03 pmol was comparable with that of previously reported radioimmunoassays. Enzyme immunoassay and radioimmunoassay showed almost the same cross-reactivity with other prostaglandins and metabolites. PMID- 6796569 TI - Biosynthesis of tropomyosin and troponin during development of the chicken skeletal muscle. AB - The level of functional mRNA coding for myofibrillar proteins was studied during development of the chicken skeletal muscle. RNA isolated from the developing chicken muscle directed protein synthesis in a wheat germ cell-free system. By means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological analysis, tropomyosin subunits and troponin components were identified among the cell-free translation products. The mRNA activities for alpha- and beta-subunit of tropomyosin were prominent in the embryonic breast muscle as well as in the embryonic leg muscle. At the early post-embryonic stage, the mRNA activity for beta-subunit disappeared from the breast muscle, while those for alpha- and beta subunit were detectable in the leg muscle. Troponin-C and troponin-I synthesized in vitro in response to the muscle RNA formed a binary complex in the presence of calcium ion. Despite the observed difference in molecular weight between troponin Ts in the breast and leg muscle, RNA preparations from the two muscles encoded identical troponin-Ts whose molecular weights were indistinguishable from that of troponin-T present in the breast muscle of adult chicken. It is suggested from these results that the biosynthesis of tropomyosin is regulated at the pre translational level during the development of the chicken skeletal muscle, whereas post-translational (or co-translational) events may produce the tissue specific form of troponin-T. PMID- 6796570 TI - Subcellular distribution of calmodulin and calmodulin-binding sites in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The subcellular distribution of calmodulin and particulate calmodulin-binding activity was studied in a eukaryotic protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1. The particulate calmodulin-binding activity was found to be localized principally in microsomes and to some extent in cilia and surface membranes called pellicles. Nearly all (93%) of the total amount of calmodulin was recovered in two soluble compartments, the ciliary and postmicrosomal supernatant fractions. PMID- 6796571 TI - Isolation and properties of human kappa-casein. AB - Human kappa-casein was isolated from human whole casein by gel filtration with Sephadex G-200 and hydroxylapatite chromatography in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The kappa-casein was calcium-insensitive and did stabilize human beta-casein and bovine alpha s1-casein against precipitation by calcium ions. Formation of micelles from human beta- and kappa-caseins, and calcium ions was confirmed by electron microscopic observation. On SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), a single band was obtained. The formation of para kappa-caseins by chymosin was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Two para-kappa-caseins with apparent molecular weights of 13,000 and 11,000 appeared. The molecular weight of intact human kappa-casein was estimated to be approximately 33,000. The human kappa-casein contained about 40% carbohydrate (15% galactose, 3% fucose, 15% hexosamines, and 5% sialic acid) and 0.10% (1 mol/mol) phosphorus. Its amino acid composition was similar to that of bovine kappa-casein except for serine, glutamic acid, and lysine contents. PMID- 6796572 TI - Purification and characterization of a minor glucoamylase from Aspergillus saitoi. PMID- 6796573 TI - Inhibition and stimulation of respiration-linked Mg2+ efflux in rat heart mitochondria. AB - Respiration-driven Mg2+ efflux from rat heart mitochondria has been studied in different conditions. Almost total release of Mg2+ from the mitochondria occurs upon addition of a proton/bivalent cation exchanger, A23187. The content of Mg2+ remaining in mitochondria after A23187 treatment is the same if part of the mitochondrial Mg2+ has already been extruded through the energy-linked mechanism. Some inhibition of Mg2+ efflux is observed in the presence of high concentrations of La3+ (100 micro M). A proton/monovalent cation exchanger, nigericin, completely prevents Mg2+ efflux, whereas a cation conductor, valinomycin, considerably stimulates it. The results indicate that the main part of mitochondrial Mg2+ is present in the membrane-bounded compartment, probably in the matrix space. The driving force of the Mg2+ efflux appears to be the proton gradient (deltapH) created by mitochondrial respiration. PMID- 6796574 TI - Lateral organization of proteins in the chromatophore membrane of Rhodospirillum rubrum studied by chemical cross-linking. AB - The organization of proteins in the chromatophore membrane, particularly of the reaction center and the light-harvesting polypeptide, was examined by the use of a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic cross-linking reagent, namely DSP (dithiobis succinimidyl propionate) and glutaraldehyde. The linkage of proteins was studied by SDS polyacrylamide pore gradient electrophoresis. DSP was shown to link proteins within the core of the membrane. The subunit H of the reaction center is linked with DSP at a low concentration, either with itself or with other membrane proteins but not to the subunits M and L. In isolated reaction centers the subunits H are exclusively linked with each other. With increasing concentrations of DSP the bands of the subunits M, L, and the light-harvesting polypeptide disappear simultaneously from the gel, suggesting that these proteins are linked together. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that reaction centers isolated from chromatophores treated with DSP retain an appreciable amount of light-harvesting polypeptide. With increasing concentrations of the hydrophilic cross-linking reagent glutaraldehyde, the bands of all the three subunits of the reaction center, H, M, and L, progressively disappear from the gel, suggesting that they are linked together. The light-harvesting polypeptide remains free when this reagent is used. PMID- 6796575 TI - mRNA for ovine follicle-stimulating hormone beta-chain. An in vitro translational assay. AB - Polyadenylated mRNA from pituitary glands of castrate male sheep was used to demonstrate the presence of an mRNA coding for the beta-subunit of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). The mRNA fraction was translated in a wheat germ membrane-free system in the presence of [35S]cysteine. Affinity-purified antibodies, raised against the reduced and carbamylmethylated beta-subunit of ovine FSH (RCM-oFSH beta), were used to extract an in vitro translation product of Mr approximately equal to 15,000, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibody binding of the product was readily blocked by unlabeled RCM-oFSH beta, but not by the RCM derivatives of the alpha- or beta-subunits of ovine luteinizing hormone. Tryptic peptide analysis using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography yielded very similar patterns for the immunospecific translation product and authentic oFSH beta. FSH beta translation product was found to account for approximately 0.1-0.4% of the total isotope incorporation when mRNA preparations from castrate male sheep were used. Backgrounds for the immunoextraction procedure were kept at approximately 0.02% by using a unique two-cycle specific extraction method. PMID- 6796576 TI - Ca2+ stimulation of rat liver mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6796577 TI - The role of cations in avian liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalysis. Activation and regulation. AB - The activation of the avian liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase catalyzed reversible decarboxylation of oxalacetate by Mn2+ has been studied. The Mn2+ facilitates the interaction of oxalacetate to the enzyme. At saturating ITP and oxalacetate concentrations, Mn2+ has a Km = 2 microM. The cation Mg2+ can substitute for Mn2+ with 50% Vmax in the oxalacetate decarboxylation and 2% Vmax in the oxalacetate formation. The Km for Mg2+ is 3 orders of magnitude greater than the Km of Mn2+, however. Of the other cations tested (Ca2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cd2+), Co2+ was the only other cation found to activate the enzyme in both directions. In the presence of Mg2+, the enzyme is extremely sensitive to trace metal contaminants which can cause activation. At 1 mM Mg2+, 20 microM Mn2+ causes a 15-fold activation of activity. The apparent Km for Mn2+ (2 microM) at high concentrations of Mg2+ is the identical value calculated for free Mn2+. In a mixed metal (Mg2+ and Mn2+) assay, the Km values for phosphoenolpyruvate and for oxalacetate are independent of the concentration of Mg2+ but decrease upon an increase in Mn2+. The kinetic results demonstrate two roles for the divalent cations for activity. The cation forms a metal . nucleotide complex which serves as the substrate. The results indicate that MgITP is a better substrate than MnITP, but MnIDP is a better substrate than MgIDP. The cation also binds to the enzyme to form an enzyme . metal complex which is the active form of the enzyme. This cation functions to aid in the interaction of either oxalacetate or phosphoenolpyruvate to the enzyme. The activation by micromolar amounts of Mn2+ at millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ suggests that this enzyme, and thus the pathway of gluconeogenesis, can be modulated by changes in concentration of Mn2+ within mitochondria. PMID- 6796578 TI - A mutant AMP nucleosidase. Purification, properties, and in vivo turnover of the protein. PMID- 6796579 TI - Source of arachidonic acid for prostaglandin synthesis in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. AB - Madin-Darby canine kidney cells deacylate arachidonic acid from cellular phospholipids in response to stimulation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate and convert the free arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. We have used this system to determine which phospholipids serve as donors of the free arachidonic acid. The cells were labeled with [3H]arachidonic acid and [14C]palmitic acid which were preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, respectively. 12-O Tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate stimulation caused a marked deacylation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids including 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylcholine were also donors of arachidonate. A smaller percentage of the [14C]palmitic acid was lost from phospholipids after stimulation and indicates that the stimulated deacylation of phospholipids is preferential for [3H]arachidonic acid compared to [14C]palmitic acid. Analysis of the cellular phospholipid acyl composition demonstrated that 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate stimulation caused a marked decrease in the content of arachidonic acid and an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. These findings suggest that the phospholipids which serve as arachidonic acid donors are rapidly reacylated with more saturated fatty acids. PMID- 6796580 TI - Purification and characterization of a cytosolic broad specificity beta glucosidase from human liver. AB - A cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase has been isolated and purified 9,000-fold to homogeneity from the liver of a case of type 1 Gaucher's disease to a specific activity of 400,000 nmol/h/mg of protein. Although markedly elevated above control levels in this case of adult Gaucher's disease, the activity of this cytosolic liver enzyme was found to be markedly deficient in two cases of neurologic Gaucher's disease. The purification scheme employs QAE-Sephadex, DE52 cellulose, CM-Sephadex, hydroxylapatite, and Cibacron blue-Sepharose chromatography, and preparative isoelectric focusing. The beta-glucosidase preparations isolated from the liver of the case of adult Gaucher's disease and control liver have similar physical properties. Both enzymes have a molecular weight of approximately 53,000, sw,20 of 4.3, pI of 4.5-4.6, a pH optimum between 5 and 6, and a high affinity for 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Km = 0.06-0.07 mM). The enzymes from both sources also have a broad specificity and will hydrolyze the 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives of beta-D-galactose, beta-D fucose, beta-D-xylose, and alpha-L-arabinose in addition to several aryl galactosides and steroid-glucosides. The cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase will not hydrolyze glucocerebroside and shows no cross-reactivity with antibodies prepared against lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. Both cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase and glucocerebrosidase will hydrolyze 17 beta-estradiol-17'-beta-D-glucose, and the activity of both enzymes on this substrate is increased more than 15-fold in the presence of the Gaucher spleen heat-stable factor. The role of this cytoplasmic beta-glucosidase in the etiology of Gaucher's disease and its possible relationship to lysosomal glucocerebrosidase are discussed. PMID- 6796581 TI - Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Phycocyanin assembly in the rod substructures of anabaena variabilis phycobilisomes. AB - Phycocyanin complexes with "linker" polypeptides (Lundell, D. J., Williams, R. C., and Glazer, A. N. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3580-3592) of 27 and 32.5 kilodaltons have been isolated from dissociated Anabaena variabilis phycobilisomes. In 0.05 M phosphate at pH 7.0, these "trimeric" complexes have the molar composition (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 and (alpha beta)3 . 32,500, where alpha and beta are the subunits of phycocyanin and 27,000 and 32,500 denote single copies of the linker polypeptides. The (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 and (alpha beta)3 . 32,500 complexes have lambda max at 638 and 629 nm and fluorescence emission maxima at 651 and 646 nm, respectively. In 0.6 M phosphate at pH 8.0, the (alpha beta)3 . 27,000 complex forms an (alpha beta)6 . 27,000 disc-shaped aggregate as seen in the electron microscope, whereas the (alpha beta)3 . 32,500 complex forms discs, (alpha beta)6 . 32,500, and stacked disc rods of varying lengths. The former material, containing the 27,000 polypeptide, when mixed with the (alpha beta)6 . 32,500 discs, limits their assembly into rods. The spectroscopic properties of the discs and rods assembled in vitro indicate that energy transfer in phycobilisome rod substructures proceeds from (alpha beta)6 . 32,500 discs to the (alpha beta)6 . 27,000 disc proximal to the core and thence to the core. PMID- 6796582 TI - Roles of protein and carbohydrate in glycoprotein processing and secretion. Studies using mutants expressing altered IgM mu chains. AB - The role of specific structural elements in glycoprotein metabolism and secretion was studied using the IgM mu chains from normal and mutant hybridoma cell lines. Five classes of altered mu chains were studied, all of which lacked various portions of the normal protein sequence, and three of which had one and the others two fewer carbohydrate units than wild type mu. One mutant secreted mu chains more rapidly than wild type cells. Two of the mutant cell lines secreted very little IgM, and both of these degraded intracellular mu chains at an abnormally high rate. Tunicamycin largely blocked IgM secretion in wild type and three mutant cell lines, but caused less inhibition in the two other mutant lines. When glycosylation in the two low secreting mutants was blocked by tunicamycin, degradation of mu chains was substantially reduced in one but unaffected in the other. All of the above properties were retained by the altered mu chains when the mutants were further hybridized with cells producing wild type mu. Overall, the various carbohydrate units and polypeptide sequences seem to play different roles in a single protein's metabolism and expression. The carbohydrate moieties may exert independent effects on protein degradation and on secretion. PMID- 6796583 TI - Octopus skin collagen. Isolation and characterization of collagen comprising two distinct alpha chains. AB - A major collagenous component of octopus skin was isolated from limited pepsin digests by selective salt precipitation in acidic and neutral solvents. Chromatography on Cm-cellulose of the denatured collagen and sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, agarose gel filtration, and chemical analysis of the chromatographic fractions revealed that two distinct alpha chains, alpha 1 and alpha 2, are present in a molar ratio of 2:1. The formaldehyde-cross-linked collagen yielded a large proportion of gamma chain, which was identified as gamma 112 by its chromatographic behavior and amino acid composition. Moreover, cyanogen bromide peptide mapping suggested a structural relationship between octopus skin collagen and calf skin Type I collagen. These composite results led us to the conclusion that the native collagen molecules are designated by the formula (alpha 1)2 alpha 2 and correspond to type I collagen in higher vertebrate tissues. On the basis of these findings, we assume that Type I or Type I-like collagen might have evolved along independent phylogenetic lines in protostomian and deuterostomian animals. PMID- 6796584 TI - Biosynthesis in vitro of a blood group B-active fucose-containing hexaglycosylceramide from neolactopentaosylceramide in bovine spleen. AB - A solubilized alpha-fucosyltransferase activity has been isolated from a bovine spleen Golgi-rich membrane fraction. The enzyme transfers fucose from GDP-beta-L fucose to a blood group B-active pentaglycosylceramide acceptor (Gal(alpha 1 3)Gal(beta 1-4)GlcNAc(beta 1-3)Gal(beta 1-4)Glc-ceramide) isolated from rabbit erythrocytes. Treatment of the membranes with 0.2% (final concentration) sodium taurodeoxycholate detergent produced maximal recovery (90%) of activity. A cationic detergent, G-3634-A, is required for optimal activity and the enzyme does not require addition of exogenous metal ion for activation. The purified 14C labeled product of the reaction migrated with human blood group B-active hexaglycosylceramide on Silica Gel G thin layer plates. After treatment with fig alpha-galactosidase, the radioactive pentaglycosylceramide migrated with human H active glycosphingolipid. The 14C-labeled product inhibited the hemagglutination reaction of B-type erythrocytes with Bandeiraea simplicifolia lectin and anti-B serum and formed a precipitin line with Euonymus europeus lectin. Treatment of the 14C-labeled product with alpha-fucosidase (Venus mercenaria) or weak acid at 100 degrees C for 2 h released 80-90% of the bound radioactive fucose. PMID- 6796585 TI - Changes in the distribution and composition of plasma high density lipoproteins after ingestion of fat. AB - Following ingestion of a fatty meal there is an increase in concentration of phospholipids and proteins in the plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL). To evaluate the resulting changes in HDL subclasses, the plasma HDL of six subjects were analyzed 4 to 8 h after ingestion of 100 ml of corn oil or 80 ml of corn oil with four eggs. Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation of fasting plasma showed two broad components of HDL: a major peak of density (d) 1.11 to 1.17 g/ml (HDL3) and a smaller peak of d 1.07 to 1.11 g/ml (HDL2). Following ingestion of either type of fatty meal, there was an increase in lipoprotein mass in both peaks of HDL and their centers of mass were shifted to lower density (1.140 leads to 1.120 to 1.130 g/ml; 1.095 leads to 1.090 g/ml). Calculation of changes in HDL concentration (lipemic minus fasting) showed that the alterations in density gradient profile were due to a major increase in lipoproteins of d 1.102 to 1.137 g/ml, a smaller increase in a separate lipoprotein peak of 1.080 to 1.102 g/ml, and a small decrease in lipoproteins of d 1.137 to 1.165 g/ml. Redistribution of HDL mass into larger, less dense lipoproteins was also demonstrated by agarose gel chromatography or by minimal spin density gradient ultracentrifugation in a vertical rotor. The increase in mass of 1.080 to 1.102 lipoproteins was largely due to increased concentrations of phospholipid, cholesterol ester, and apoA-I, while the increase in 1.102 to 1.137 lipoproteins was due to increased concentrations of apoA-I, apoA-II, phospholipids, cholesterol, and cholesterol esters. Analytical ultracentrifugation of representative samples within these density intervals showed lipoprotein species with molecular weights and sedimentation coefficients, respectively, of 378,000, 5.8 (d 1.080 to 1.095); 248,000, 3.5 (d 1.110 to 1.120); and 173,000, 1.6 (d 1.135 to 1.150). Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the 1.080 to 1.102 lipoproteins contained a single lipoprotein band of diameter approximately 10.7 nm; the 1.102 to 1.137 lipoproteins contained a single band which varied in size fro 10.0 to 9.2 nm: and the 1.137 to 1.165 lipoproteins contained three species of diameters approximately 9.2, 8.8, and 8.2 nm. Within density intervals, the molecular weights, sedimentation coefficients, and diameters of the different lipoproteins were similar in fasting and lipemic plasma. Calculation of average molecular compositions shows that the major incremental HDL of d approximately 1.12 g/ml could be derived by addition of lipids to the largest species of fasting HDL3. Within density intervals, the particle contents of apoA-I and apoA II were unchanged during lipemia, suggesting that apoprotein transfer causes interconversion of existing HDL species or formation of new particles with the same content of apoA-I and apoA-II as existing species. PMID- 6796586 TI - Structure analysis of the major oligosaccharides accumulating in canine GM1 gangliosidosis liver. AB - A homologous series of structurally related, high molecular weight oligosaccharides have been isolated and purified from the livers of a mixed breed of Beagle dogs affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. Five individual oligosaccharide fractions were purified by charcoal chromatography, preparative silicic acid thin layer chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. Molecular size determinations revealed that these oligosaccharides contained 6, 9, 11, and 13 sugar residues, respectively. Detailed structure analysis was carried out on the most abundant fractions, oligosaccharides 1,2 and 3 (OS 1,2 and OS 3) using permethylation analysis and 360-MHz proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy coupled with sequential exoglycosidase degradation. OS 1,2 was a mixture of two linear isomeric hexasaccharides and OS 3 was a nonasaccharide containing a bianntenary branched mannosyl core. The proposed structures are: (formula see text) These compounds are nearly identical with the oligosaccharides stored in human GM1 gangliosidosis liver but they differ from the human compounds uniquely since they contain 2 GlcNAc residues at the reducing terminus instead of 1, suggesting that there may be significant differences in glycoprotein metabolism or structure between mammalian species. PMID- 6796587 TI - An N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and its acceptor in embryonic chick neural retina exist in interconvertible particulate forms depending on their cellular location. AB - The N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity and its associated endogenous acceptor present in neural retina cells from embryonic chicks can be separated into three distinct forms which migrate to different densities upon centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Two of these forms, termed L and H, are also present in preparations of plasma membranes. Dissociation of tissues into single cells by trypsin results in populations lacking the cell-surface forms of transferase activity towards endogenous acceptor. This loss can be prevented by including 1 mM Ca2+ in the trypsin-dissociation medium. Reacquisition of cell surface activity among trypsin dispersed cells occurs with time in culture. In the presence of cycloheximide, the less dense particulate form, L. Appears first, with a concomitant decrease in the cytosol form. Upon removal of the block to protein synthesis, L is transformed into the denser from, H. Our studies suggest that peak H of transferase/acceptor polypeptide. The possible involvement of the transferase/acceptor in adhesion among neural retina cells is discussed. PMID- 6796588 TI - Overproduction and control of the LEU2 gene product, beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, in transformed yeast strains. AB - Two transformed yeast strains, 21D/pYT14-LEU2 and AH22/CV9-2, were found to produce beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase to such an extent that the enzyme constitutes 2 and 1%, respectively, of the total extractable protein. This is 30 and 15 times, respectively, above wild type level. beta-Isopropylmalate dehydrogenase was purified from strain 21D/pYT14-LEU2 to a purity of about 95% in essentially three steps. Strain 21D/pYT14-LEU2 carries the LEU2 gene on a vector that also contains the yeast 2-micrometers plasmid and therefore replicates autonomously, whereas strain AH22/CV9-2 carries multiple copies of the LEU2 gene integrated at its normal chromosomal location. Despite the different genetic arrangements, regulation of LEU2 gene expression by leucine and leucine plus threonine was normal. Immunotitration showed that the decrease in specific activity caused by leucine and threonine corresponded to a decrease in immunoreactive material. PMID- 6796589 TI - Biosynthesis of heparin. Concerted action of early polymer-modification reactions. PMID- 6796590 TI - Structural identification of two ten-sugar branched chain glycosphingolipids of blood group H type present in epithelial cells of rat small intestine. AB - Two novel blood group H-type decaglycosylceramides with a branched core saccharide have been identified in mixture in a fraction isolated from rat small intestine. They were present exclusively in the epithelial cells. The number and sequence of sugars were established by direct inlet mass spectrometry of the permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated derivatives. Gas-liquid chromatography of the products after degradation of the native and permethylated glycolipids gave the type of sugars and the binding positions. A di- and a trisaccharide were identified by mass spectrometry after degradation of the permethylated-reduced derivative. One trisaccharide had the structure (formula see text) and was therefore additional evidence for a branched structure. Treatment of the decaglycosylceramide fraction with alpha-L-fucosidase gave free fucose and an octaglycosylceramide identified by mass spectrometry. Proton NMR spectra of the permethylated and permethylated-reduced octa- and decaglycosylceramides provided evidence for the binding configurations and the localization of type 1 and type 2 sequences in the two branches. The 3-linked branch was homogeneous with a type 1 saccharide (Gal beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAc) but the 6-linked branch had both type 1 and type 2 (Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc) sequences. Two glycolipids with the following probable structures were therefore present, making up 60 and 40% of the mixture, respectively: (formula see text) The lipophilic part contained mainly trihydroxy 18:0 long chain base (phytosphingosine) and 16:0 to 24:0 nonhydroxy fatty acids. PMID- 6796591 TI - Hepatic apo-A-I and apo-E and intestinal apo-A-I are synthesized in precursor isoprotein forms by organ cultures of human fetal tissues. PMID- 6796592 TI - Analysis of the Escherichia coli ribosome-ribosomal subunit equilibrium using pressure-induced dissociation. AB - Hydrostatic pressure can be used to perturb the ribosome-ribosomal subunit equilibrium. We have used glutaraldehyde fixation and subsequent sucrose gradient analysis to determine the equilibrium concentrations of Escherichia coli 70 S, 50 S, and 30 S particles at pressures from 1 to 1400 atm. This method is shown to be sufficiently rapid and free of interfering ribosomal aggregation artifacts when performed at Mg2+ concentrations below 8 mM. We show directly that the E. coli ribosome is in equilibrium with its subunits and that the pressure-sensitive reaction is appropriately described by the expression: In Kp = ln K0 + (P delta V/RT), where Kp and K0 are the equilibrium constants at pressure P and 1 atm, respectively, and delta V is the change in molecular volume that occurs during the reaction. The method provides values for K0 under different conditions, and the effects of Mg2+ ion can be readily ascertained. K0 and delta V were also estimated by a method of fitting computer-generated sucrose gradient profiles to experimental profiles. Determination of delta H0, delta S0, and delta V0 at 5 mM Mg2+ are presented. The results are discussed in the context of previous thermodynamic studies of the E. coli ribosome. PMID- 6796593 TI - Filamentous structures in adherent Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells treated with nonionic detergents. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells adhering to glass or Parlodion-coated grids were extracted with Triton X-100. The extracted cells showed a cytoskeleton consisting of a rodlike tip structure and a filamentous network in the cytoplasm. The tip structure was up to 300 nm long and approximately 40 nm wide ending at the distal end in a bleb-like structure, and seemed to consist of filaments arranged in parallel, 4.8 +/- 0.5 nm wide. In the cytoplasm the filaments formed an irregular lattice. Similar filaments were found in platinum replicated critical-point dried extracted cells. An actinlike nature of the filaments is suggested by some of their properties, but the degree of homology with respect to eucaryotic actin is still unknown. The filaments were sensitive to protease treatment but stable in high molar KCl solutions. They were apparently destroyed by incubation in high molar KI solution, leaving only some parts of the tip structure. Formaldehyde fixed M. pneumoniae cells treated with Triton X-100 bound rhodamine-labeled phalloidin specifically. Furthermore, they could be stained with antiactin antibodies. Binding of myosin subfragment 1 to the filaments was not observed. PMID- 6796594 TI - Direct measurement of intracellular pH changes in Xenopus eggs at fertilization and cleavage. AB - We have used Thomas-type recessed-tip pH-sensitive microelectrodes to measure the intracellular pH (pHi) in Xenopus eggs during both fertilization and ionophore activation. The average pHi in unfertilized eggs is 7.33 +/- 0.11 (SD; n = 21) with a resting membrane potential of -10.1 +/- 3.5 (SD; n = 38) mV. Within 2 min after the onset of the fertilization potential, there is a slight, transient pHi decrease of 0.03 +/- (SD, n = 8), followed by a distinct, permanent pHi increase of 0.31 +/- 0.11 (SD; n = 7) beginning approximately 10 min after the start of the fertilization potential and becoming complete approximately 1 h later. The pHi remains near this level of 7.67 +/- 0.13 (SD, n = 10) through at least 10 cleavage cycles, but it is possible to discern pHi oscillations with a mean amplitude of 0.03 +/- 0.02 (SD, n = 38). Eggs perfused for at least 2 h in Na+ free solution with 1 mM amiloride exhibited all of these pHi changes, so these changes do not require extracellular Na+. Similar cytoplasmic alkalinizations that accompany the activation of metabolism and the cell cycle in a wide variety of cell types are discussed. PMID- 6796595 TI - Role of osmotic forces in exocytosis: studies of ADH-induced fusion in toad urinary bladder. AB - Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) treatment of toad urinary bladder activates an exocytotic-like process by which intramembrane particle aggregates are transferred from membranes of elongated cytoplasmic tubules to the luminal-facing plasma membrane. We find that the number of these ADH-induced fusion events, and the number of aggregates appearing in the luminal membrane, are reduced when the luminal bathing medium is made hyperosmotic. As an apparent consequence of the inhibition of their fusion with the luminal membrane, the elongated cytoplasmic tubules become enormously swollen into large, rounded vesicles. These results are consistent with the view that osmotic forces are essential to the basic mechanism of exocytosis. PMID- 6796596 TI - Heterocyst differentiation and cell division in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica: effect of high light intensity. AB - Heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena cylindrica is initiated by the removal of fixed nitrogen from the medium. These specialized cells occur singly at regular intervals within filaments of vegetative cells. Incubation of cultures for periods of up to 12 h immediately prior to or following removal of fixed nitrogen, at a light intensity (500 mi Einsteins cm-2 s-1) approximately 10 fold higher than that required for optimum growth, resulted in the differentiation of pairs of adjacent (double) heterocysts. The frequency of double heterocysts was proportional to the length of the period of high light intensity. During growth at normal light intensity approximately 5% of cell divisions were symmetrical, but this increased more than 3-fold during 10-h incubation at high light intensity. The frequency of dividing cells remained constant during this period, but increased rapidly on return to normal light. The frequency of double heterocysts was reduced if a period of incubation at normal light intensity was interposed between the 12-h period at high light intensity and transfer to nitrogen-free medium. A period of 8 h normal light was required to reduce the frequency of double heterocysts to control values, and this corresponded to the length of time needed for the frequency of symmetrical divisions to return to control levels following 12 h at high light intensity. We confirm that cell division in Anabaena cylindrica is asymmetrical and conclude that the presence of double heterocysts results from an increase in the symmetry of cell division during incubation at high light intensity. The results also support the finding of previous workers that a cell is only susceptible to differentiation during a short period following its formation. During the period of high light the rate of doubling of the absorbance of the culture at 750 mn increased from 24 h to approximately 10 h and decreased to more than 100 h on return to normal light. The very high rate could be explained by increases in the volume and granular content of cells during incubation at high light intensity and did not represent an equivalent increase in the rate of cell division. PMID- 6796597 TI - Potential hazards associated with microbial contamination of in-line filters during intravenous therapy. AB - The survival and multiplication of Enterobacter agglomerans, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 0.45- and 0.22 micrometer in-line filter sets during simulated infusions were studied to evaluate the ability of each filter type to prevent infusions of these bacteria into patients. Bacteria were found to proliferate in the upstream compartment of sets housing both filter porosities. None of the 0.22-micrometer in-line filters were penetrated by the test bacteria. In contrast, P. aeruginosa was observed to penetrate each 0.45-micrometer in-line filter examined within 12 h of continuous infusion. Tribe Klebsielleae organisms penetrated a proportion of the 0.45 micrometer filters usually between 48 and 72 h of infusion. In addition, the elution of endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria trapped in the filter set during infusion is reported. Collected infusion filtrate exhibited a trend of increasing endotoxin-like activity with an increasing duration of infusion. In the case of E. agglomerans, mean peak levels of approximately 65 pg of Escherichia coli endotoxin per ml were attained after 72 h. Other bacteria produced similar results, except mean peak levels ranged from 5 to 30 pg/ml. It was noted that endotoxin-like activity was not detected in filtrate eluted from contaminated filter sets during the initial 24 h of infusion. We conclude that to avoid potential hazards of bacterial penetration and endotoxin production during continuous use of in-line filter sets, the 0.22-micrometer filter type must be employed and replaced every 24 h. PMID- 6796598 TI - Passive hemagglutination technique for serotyping Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni on the basis of soluble heat-stable antigens. AB - Antigenic materials were extracted from Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni strains by heating bacterial suspensions in saline at 100 degrees C and by exposure to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The antigens were heat stable at 100 degrees C, capable of sensitizing sheep erythrocytes for agglutination in antisera, and able to elicit production of specific antibody in rabbits; they occurred with different immunological specificities in 23 strains. Antisera against the 23 strains could be used for discriminating among isolates of the species when the passive hemagglutination technique was used for serotyping. Three serotypes were more common than others among a collection of human isolates. PMID- 6796599 TI - Comparison of modified New York City medium with Martin-Lewis Medium for recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. AB - A modified formulation of New York City medium was comparatively evaluated with Martin-Lewis medium for the recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. A total of 240 strains of gonococci were recovered from 1,250 specimens collected from walk-in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. N. gonorrhoeae was cultivated on both of these media from 182 clinical specimens with an additional 58 gonococcal strains isolated on either of the media. Of these discrepant gonococcal isolates, 27 strains were recovered on only modified New York City medium, whereas the remaining 31 strains were recovered on only Martin-Lewis agar. The differences in these isolation rates were not statistically significant. The overall results showed that modified New York City and Martin-Lewis media were comparable in their ability to grow gonococci from clinical material. Since modified New York City medium is capable of supporting the growth of N. gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and urogenital mycoplasmas and inhibiting the growth of commensal microorganisms, it is possible that it may have considerable application as a multifunctional plating medium within the clinical laboratory. PMID- 6796600 TI - Evaluation of a radial immunodiffusion test with polysaccharide B antigen for diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. AB - A radial immunodiffusion (RID) test employing a polysaccharide antigen (poly B) was compared with tests currently used in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. Over 1,000 sera from vaccinated and infected cattle, all of which had been examined bacteriologically, were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the RID, card, Rivanol, and complement fixation tests. The RID test identified 90% of the cattle that were shedding Brucella in their milk. Although the complement fixation test was more sensitive, it was less specific than the RID test in cattle vaccinated as adults with Brucella abortus strain 19. A sensitive screening test, such as the card test, in combination with the RID test could be used in diagnostic laboratories, or even in the field, with little additional expense or technical expertise. An additional advantage is that the RID could be applied to sera from adult cattle as early as 2 months after vaccination, when postvaccinal agglutinins and complement-fixing antibodies may still be present. The indirect hemolytic test was used with some of the sera and was found to be a very sensitive test which could be useful in areas of low incidence but would not be practical for large-scale testing in adult-vaccinated herds. PMID- 6796601 TI - Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M polar staining of Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test. AB - Polar staining (PS) of Toxoplasma gondii in the indirect immunofluorescence test has been considered a nonspecific reaction caused exclusively by certain immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies and confined to the anterior end of the parasite. After we observed a patient with positive serology for Chagas' disease who presented an IgG PS reaction, we studied sera from 120 patients with Chagas' disease, 20 sera from patients with Leishmania donovani infection, and 30 sera from patients with Leishmania braziliensis infection. When only those specimens having no detectable anti-Toxoplasma activity were considered, a significantly (P less than 0.01) higher prevalence of IgG PS was found in the Chagas' disease and L. donovani groups than in sera from normal American and Brazilian adults. Those sera also showed higher PS titers (1:64 to 1:1,024) when compared with controls (1:16 to 1:64). IgG PS titers did not decrease after serum treatment with 2 mercaptoethanol. However, the same treatment removed completely IgM PS. IgG PS, but not IgM PS, could be removed by adsorption with Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes. IgM PS was found in all samples studied, except in 41 of a group of 43 umbilical cord sera. It was found that the antigen source and the microscopy system can influence the detection of PS. It is proposed that after finding an intense IgG PS reaction, the laboratory should screen such serum also for anti-T. cruzi antibodies which may be undetected in the sample. PMID- 6796602 TI - Inhibition of Lancefield group D enterococci by contamination of a commercial identification medium with paraffins. AB - A commercially available system for the identification of streptococci was found to incorrectly identify group D enterococci due to contamination of the 6.5% NaCl medium with paraffins. PMID- 6796603 TI - Psychosis and epilepsy: seizure-type comparisons and high-risk variables. AB - Compared 153 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and 79 patients with generalized epilepsy on the Goldberg Index, an MMPI-derived measure of psychosis. Analysis of covariance indicated that seizure type was not related to psychosis. Multiple regression analyses indicated that, in TLE, being female was correlated positively with Goldberg Index scores. In the group with generalized epilepsy, none of the variables was associated significantly with psychosis scores. PMID- 6796604 TI - Ultrasonic appearance of lead shotgun pellets in liver. PMID- 6796605 TI - Fetal elevation: a new technique for placental localization in the diagnosis of previa. AB - The diagnosis of previa is made with ultrasound when the placenta is seen to cover the internal os. The technique of fetal elevation is a simple procedure that facilitates visualization of the internal os and its relation to the placenta. The safety of this technique is demonstrated in a large series of patients. PMID- 6796606 TI - Ultrasound in the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. AB - Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is well recognized clinically, usually in association with drug therapy for infertility. The ultrasonic appearance of the ovarian cystic enlargment in ten patients with the findings on follow-up in six patients is described. The role of ultrasound in this condition is shown to be in diagnosis, for staging, and follow-up. PMID- 6796607 TI - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome with hydrops of the gallbladder diagnosed by ultrasound. AB - One of the complications of the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome is acute hydrops of the gallbladder. Although surgery may be required occasionally, spontaneous resolution of gallbladder hydrops in patients is common. Ultrasound is the optimal method for evaluating these patients. PMID- 6796608 TI - The use of ultrasound in the assessment of normal fetal growth: a review. AB - This review presents the basic principles underlying the quantitative assessment of normal fetal growth using ultrasound. Data on fetal growth derived from measurements of body, head, chest, and abdominal dimensions, are summarized, compared, and evaluated. Fetal volume and weight determination are also discussed. Most of the data evaluated were obtained in cross-sectional studies, but we present the preliminary results of our longitudinal study of fetal growth for comparison. PMID- 6796609 TI - Utilization of diagnostic ultrasound in a controlled setting. AB - To appreciate the number of ultrasound studies of different types done within a population consisting of both rural and urban persons, a questionnaire was sent to all ultrasound facilities within the Canadian Province of British Columbia. All of the questionnaires were returned, providing complete data for 1978, 1979, and 1980. In addition to data on numbers of ultrasound studies (broken into various categories), the number of sonographers and sonologists were also analyzed. The results show an 87% increase from 1978 to 1980 in the number of studies, and, in 1980, a rate of 37 ultrasound procedures per thousand population per year (52 per thousand in the largest urban area in the province). The complete data and a discussion of the unique features of the British Columbia experience are presented. PMID- 6796610 TI - The ultrasonic evaluation of skin thickness in scleredema. AB - The skin thickness in a group of patients with scleredema was measured using ultrasonic techniques and then compared with a group of normal individuals. The mean dermal thickness in scleredema was 7.7 mm, compared to 3.3 mm in the normal control group. Ultrasonic evaluation of skin thickness may be of value in following the natural history or response to therapy of certain diseases that affect dermal thickness. PMID- 6796611 TI - Ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva: two pulsed Doppler echocardiographic studies. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was performed on two cases with ruptured aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva into the right ventricle. PDE revealed a wide band pattern throughout the cardiac cycle when the sample volume was placed within the aneurysm. In the right ventricle below the aneurysm, a continuous disturbed flow in case 1 and a diastolic turbulence in case 2, was widely recorded, respectively. In contrast, the flow pattern of the right ventricular outflow tract distal to the aneurysm showed a systolic disturbed flow in both cases. These PDE findings were consistent with the shunt flows in angiocardiography. PMID- 6796612 TI - Ultrasound of coexisting right renal vein thrombosis and adrenal hemorrhage in a newborn. PMID- 6796613 TI - The ultrasonic appearance of ileocolic intussusception. PMID- 6796614 TI - Ultrasonic demonstration of splenic rupture in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 6796615 TI - Clinical and histological features of a group of patients with sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Twelve serologically proven cases of non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis have been described. The clinical course was mild in 11 patients. One patient, however, presented in portal systemic encephalopathy and required steroid treatment. Nine of the 12 patients continued to exhibit raised transaminase (AST) activities six or more months after the onset of the acute hepatitis. In these immunoglobulin concentrations were normal and autoantibodies were not present in significant titre. Four patients had evidence of previous hepatitis B infection, suggesting that the route of transmission of NANB might be similar to that of hepatitis B virus. A further four patients gave a history which suggests a possible parenteral mode of transmission. Liver biopsies were carried out both in the acute (8 cases) and chronic (6 cases) phases of the disease. Histological findings in liver biopsies covered the whole spectrum of acute and chronic hepatitis and 1 patient had cirrhosis. One notable feature in these biopsies was the presence of fatty changes. PMID- 6796616 TI - The benefits and costs of regulating benzene. PMID- 6796617 TI - Immunoglobulin E-mediated anaphylaxis with inhaled cromolyn sodium. PMID- 6796619 TI - Nutritional management of patients with intestinal graft-versus-host disease. AB - Gastrointestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GI GVHD) may occur following bone marrow transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia or aplastic anemia. The resulting GI damage leads to symptoms including altered intestinal mobility, malabsorption, and protein losing enteropathy. A five-phase nutritinal regimen has been developed to supply adequate nutrient support, promote intestinal healing, reduce GI symptoms, and satisfy individual dietary preferences. The patient and family are integrally involved in the dietary planning and care. Dietary compliance is promoted through the use of nutrition education materials which explain GI GVHD and provide nutritional guidelines and their rationale. PMID- 6796618 TI - Clinical and immunologic evaluation of glutaraldehyde-modified tyrosine-adsorbed short ragweed extract: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. AB - Glutaraldehyde-modified, tyrosine-adsorbed ragweed extract (GTR) is a modification of allergen extract to reduce allergenicity but retain immunogenicity. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and immunologic changes associated with the administration of GTR (16,350 protein nitrogen units) or placebo to a group of 100 atopic subjects with ragweed hay fever. The study was carried out in a double-blind, placebo-controlled fashion. Clinical response was measured by daily symptom diaries. physician evaluations, and patient responses. Changes in ragweed-specific IgE and IgG antibody were evaluated with an amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (alpha-ELISA) and were compared with measurements by RAST and a protein A-binding assay for IgG antibody. Treatment with GTR resulted in a sixfold increase in blocking IgG antibody and a small increase in IgE-specific antibody. No changes occurred in the placebo treated group. Mild immediate local reactions occurred after 74% of injections, and late onset local reactions occurred after 62% of injections in the treated group. The placebo-treated group experienced immediate or late local reaction after only 12% of injections. There were two mild late-onset urticarial reactions of a generalized nature in the treatment group. The treatment group experienced significantly fewer symptoms than the placebo group throughout the season (p less than 0.02), although the difference was not dramatic. The results showed that GTR could be safely given in five preseasonal injections, with retained immunogenicity but less potential for generalized reactions. GTR is an improved method of allergy immunotherapy with the potential for clinical benefit when used in a brief preseasonal treatment regimen. PMID- 6796620 TI - [Histochemical demonstration of enzyme activity changes in the regio postcentralis of the mouse brain under the effect of the aging process]. AB - The distribution of some oxidoreductases were investigated in the regio postcentralis of young, adult and senescent mice brains by means of semiquantitative histoenzymatic methods. It was possible to observe a different spread of activities of 1-malate: NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.37) and D-glucose 6-phosphate: NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.49) in several layers of the regio postcentralis between young and old animals. The enzyme products of 1 glutamate:NAD(P) oxidoreductase (EC 1.4.1.3), 1-alpha-glycerine-3-phosphate:NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.8) and D-glucose-6-phosphate:NADP oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.49) in the whole area show a decrease after the 20th month of the life, but it exists strain differences. The investigated enzymes of citric acid cycle were not vary in the ageing process. PMID- 6796621 TI - Immunoliposome labeling: a sensitive and specific method for cell surface labeling. AB - A simple, one-step procedure for fluorescence labeling of cultured cells with high sensitivity and specificity is described. We term this method immunoliposome labeling. Monoclonal IgG antibody was first covalently coupled with palmitic acid. The palmitoyl IgG was then incorporated into unilamellar liposomes (about 100 nm diameter) containing either N-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole)- or N (fluorescein isothiocyanyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine by a detergent-dialysis procedure. A monoclonal antibody to the mouse major histocompatibility antigen, H 2k, was tested as a model system. Fluorescent liposomes with covalently coupled anti-H-2k specifically labeled the mouse L-929 cells (H-2k type), but not the A 31 cells (H-2d type). The degree of labeling was quantitated by a microscope photometer. Cells labeled with fluorescent liposomes showed 4--6-fold stronger fluorescence than cells labeled with either fluorescein-conjugated antibody or with primary antibody followed by fluorescein-conjugated secondary antibody (indirect immunofluorescence). Since different types of label (fluorescent, radioactive, etc.) can be incorporated into liposomes, this specific and sensitive method is potentially very versatile. PMID- 6796622 TI - Interleukin 1: production by P388D1 cells attached to microcarrier beads. AB - The murine macrophage-derived cell line P388D1 is commonly used for the production of Interleukin 1 (IL1) and other macrophage products. In order to circumvent the tendency of this cell line to undergo selection for a non-adherent subpopulation of cells which does not produce IL1, we have grown P388D1 cells attached to microcarrier beads. IL1 produced by these cells is indistinguishable from that elaborated by cells grown in monolayer or suspension culture. Moreover, several volumes of conditioned medium can be produced from one batch of cells suitable for the large-scale purification of this mediator. PMID- 6796623 TI - Stimulation of cytolytic T lymphocytes by azaguanine-resistant mouse tumor cells in selective HAT medium. AB - Primed syngeneic or unprimed allogeneic mouse spleen cells were stimulated with azaguanine-resistant P815 tumor cells that were killed by the addition of aminopterin to the stimulation medium. The recovery of lymphocytes and their cytolytic activity and specificity were similar to those obtained after stimulation with irradiated cells. This method conveniently replaces the inactivation of stimulatory cells by irradiation or mitomycin treatment. Moreover, it has the advantage of inactivating not only the stimulatory cells but also the tumor cells that often contaminate the spleens of tumor-bearing animals, provided these animals have been inoculated with azaguanine-resistant tumor cell mutants. PMID- 6796625 TI - [Parenteral hyperalimentation and cystoprostatectomy for carcinoma of the bladder (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report a series of 16 total cystoprostatectomies with only one postoperative death. Eleven of these operations, performed with the intention of achieving a complete cure, were carried out after flash radiotherapy of 1.000 rads on the day before surgery and were completed by uretero-sigmoidostomy. The five palliative operations were completed by direct bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy, the patients having received preoperative radiotherapy of 5 to 6,000 rads. The authors attribute the low postoperative mortality to the value of the energy and protein provided by parenteral hyperalimentation which made it possible to administer to the patient from the day after surgery onwards 1,400 to 2,600 calories per day (60% as carbohydrate and 40% as lipids) and 1 gram/kilo of protein per day. Infusion catheters were inserted under strictly aseptic conditions on the day prior to surgery into the deep main veins by percutaneous puncture of a subclavian vein or cutdown of an external jugular vein, and were kept in place until such time as oral alimentation could ensure an equivalent intake. For the 11 patients undergoing curative surgery, weight loss at the time of discharge was no more than 1 to 2 kilos, a figure to be contrasted with the 7 to 8 kilos before the use of parenteral hyperalimentation. The only death occurred amongst the 5 patients undergoing palliative surgery. In the latter group, the authors were stuck by the uncomplicated postoperative course, and the control of complications such as intestinal obstruction or bacteraemia which was obviously better in veiw of the maintenance of the calorie reserves of the body. All parenteral hyperalimentation was administered in the form of commercial solutions and emulsions. PMID- 6796624 TI - Restrictions to the use of 111 indium-oxine as a radiolabel in lymphocyte migration studies. AB - Guinea pig T lymphocytes were labelled with various concentrations of 111In oxine. The capacity of these cells to migrate into a skin inflammatory site was compared with that of 51Cr-labelled cells. The results show that even with low dosages of 111In-oxine which did not impair lymph node localization (1-10 microCi/10(8) cells/ml), migration into an inflammatory site was markedly reduced. Moreover, using this isotope, a significant contribution to the radioactivity recovered from an inflammatory site is made by the local accumulation of non-cell-bound label. These results stress the limited use of 111 In-oxine as a radiolabel in lymphocyte migration studies. PMID- 6796626 TI - [The determination of prolactin levels in men suffering from impotence (author's transl)]. AB - Basal prolactin, FSH, LH and testosterone levels were determined in 47 patients presenting with impotence. Clinical history, physical examination, general analysis and personality questionnaire were normal. In two patients taking medications (imipramine and dogmatil), prolactin levels were high. The other patients had normal hormone levels. The authors discuss the various mechanisms which play a role in the secretion of prolactin and the various means available to assess changes therein. PMID- 6796627 TI - Recovery of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from syringes of drug addicts with endocarditis. PMID- 6796628 TI - Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analyses of vaccines. PMID- 6796629 TI - [Serum gonadotropin concentrations in preterm infants and sex difference (author's transl)]. AB - We measured FSH and LH concentrations in 130 cord sera and 217 peripheral sera obtained from infants of 28-42 weeks in gestation, aged 5-75 days after birth, by radioimmunoassay. Cord FSH and LH levels were 3.9-13.6 mIU/ml and 43.3-88.5 mIU/ml respectively, and decreased with advancing gestation. Although FSH levels in 28-31 weeks were higher in female than in male, another sex difference was not found. Postnatal FSH levels in male preterm infants decreased within 10 day, thereafter continued low levels (3.7-5.6 mIU/ml). However, in male term infants and female infants, FSH levels increased with peak levels between 11-30 days after birth, and then decreased gradually. The elevation of FSH levels in female was more remarked and prolonged in preterm infants than in term infants. Postnatal LH levels in both male and female decreased rapidly after birth, and then had similar pattern of FSH levels. Serum gonadotropin levels during the neonatal period were higher in female than in male, except for LH in term infants (male greater than female). PMID- 6796630 TI - [Studies on the levels of pO2 and pCO2 in the uterine cavity and uterine tissue (author's transl)]. AB - The values of pO2 and pCO2 were determined in the uterine cavity by a medical mass spectrometer (MEDSPECT-MS80) in 45 cases of uterine myoma, 26 cervical carcinoma, 6 endometrial carcinoma and 20 normal uterus cases. The uterine tissue pO2 and pCO2 correlated with the pO2 and pCO2 determined in the uterine cavity or cervical canal. No statistically significant change of pO2 nor pCO2 was noted between the values of uterine cavity and cervical canal. The pO2 was higher and pCO2 was lower in the luteal phase than proliferative in 7 menstrual cycles. The mean values of intracavitary pO2 and pCO2 were 22.5 +/- 5.3 mmHg, 53.5 +/- 5.1 mmHg respectively in the cases of uterine myoma, 23.6 +/- 5.6 mmHg, 60.7 +/- 7.6 mmHg in cervical carcinoma, 20.8 +/- 1.0 mmHg, 54.5 +/- 3.7 mmHg in endometrial carcinoma and 28.5 +/- 4.3 mmHg, 53.5 +/- 5.1 mmHg in normal control uterus respectively. The intracavitary pO2 was lower and pCO2 was higher in the cases of uterine neoplasm than the control, and particularly the pCO2 was significantly higher in cervical carcinoma than the control. PMID- 6796631 TI - [Effects of bromocriptine on FSH and LH secretion in women with euprolactinemic anovulation (author's transl)]. AB - A few reports have been given that Bromocriptine effected not only on the hyperprolactinemic anovulations but also on the euprolactinemic anovulations. This study was performed to examine the underlying mechanism, 5 mg of Bromocriptine was daily administered for 30 days to 38 women with euprolactinemic anovulations. The basal secretions of FSH, LH and Prolactin and also the responsiveness to LH-RH, TRH and estradiol were examined. 31.6% of oligomenorrhea, anovulatory cycle and Ist. grade amenorrhea showed ovulatory cycles, however, no ovulations were observed in IInd. grade amenorrhea. The basal levels of FSH and LH significantly increased but the basal levels of Prolactin decreased by Bromocriptine. The responsiveness of FSH to LH-RH was markedly promoted but LH showed no significant change. Serum FSH was suppressed in estrogen loading test after Bromocriptine, which was poorly changed before. On the other hand, serum LH was markedly elevated by estradiol after Bromocriptine, which showed poor elevation before. These results conclude that: 1) Ovulation is induced by Bromocriptine administration in euprolactinemic anovulations. 2) Bromocriptine promotes the FSH and LH secretion from the pituitary and also promotes the reserve of FSH in the pituitary. 3) Bromocriptine promotes the sensitivity of the estrogen feedback in the hypothalamus. PMID- 6796633 TI - [Genetic study of ossification of the spinal ligaments -hereditary factors for ankylosing hyperostosis (author's transl)]. AB - There has been no report concerning genetic investigation of ankylosing hyperostosis (AH). This is to report the influence of hereditary factor for AH on seventeen probands and fourty-two relatives of sixteen AH families. 1) In the AH families ossifications of the yellow ligament (OYL), posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), and supraspinous ligament (OSSL) were more frequently observed roentgenographically in or around the spine, than in the control group. There were 32 cases with OYL, 8 with OPLL and 29 with OSSL among the total of 59 cases. Especially OYL and OSSL were frequently seen even in such younger cases as aged thirties. 2) There were 6 families in which the sibships of probands were able to be examined. Eleven of 15 cases or more than one-half of the sibships were affected by AH in the 6 families. Fourteen out of 15 had some ossifications of the spinal ligament. 3) In this series, Hahn's groove of the vertebral body was observed in 44 out of 59 members. Hahn's groove is presumed to be a causative factor of AH, which we have already reported, and is rarely encountered in normal persons after the age of 20. These results suggest that there exists a genetic diathesis of ossification of the spinal ligaments and a tendency of heredity of ankylosing hyperostosis. PMID- 6796632 TI - Hypothalamic function of secondary anovulatory women. AB - In order to investigate the hypothalamic function of the women suffering from ovulatory defect, serial determinations of the serum gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were made over a period of 120 hrs following the intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate (E.B.) 1 mg. Ten normal cycling women and 57 anovulatory women, excluding premature ovarian failure, were subjected to this study. The positive release of LH in serum (exceeds at least 150% of basal level) to E. B. were noted in follicular phase of the normal cycles, but not in luteal phase, and in 31 of 57 anovulatory women the release occurred between 48 to 96 hrs after the E.B. injection. The LH surge after EB. was difficult to provoke when the basal serum LH and estradiol (E2) levels were low as less than 10 mIU/ml and 50 pg/ml, respectively. Thirteen of 27 women, who showed LH surge, ovulated by Clomid. Only 3 of 17 women, who did not show LH surge to E.B., ovulated as a response to Clomid. Ten of 14 cases, who showed LH surge to E.B. but not ovulated by Clomid, revealed polycystic ovarian disease (PCO), and the responsiveness to E.B. and Clomid improved after wedge-resection of the ovaries. These results suggest that the serum E2 level is closely correlated with the ability for LH-RH production in hypothalamic "surge center" either primarily or secondarily, and that E.B. provocation test is useful to investigate the hypothalamic function of anovulatory patients and to preoperatively diagnose the PCO patients refractory to Clomid treatment. PMID- 6796634 TI - [Studies on the biochemical alterations of cartilage proteoglycan in antigen induced arthritis of rabbit (author's transl)]. AB - Proteoglycan alterations were studied in articular cartilage obtained from control and antigen induced arthritis of the rabbits. Agarose/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic patterns of proteoglycan revealed heterogeneity in each experiment. In the cartilage of the antigen induced arthritis the following changes were demonstrated at the early stage; 1) an increase in the non aggregated proteoglycan content, 2) a decrease in the size of the proteoglycan, 3) a decrease in the ability to interact with hyaluronic acid, 4) a constancy in the length of the glycosaminoglycan chains, 5) a decrease in hexuronate/protein, galactosamine/glucosamine and galactosamine/amino acid ratio, and 6) a decrease in serine and threonine content of the core protein. At the late stage the following changes were most pronounced; 1) a recovery in the size of the proteoglycan, 2) a marked decrease in the ability to interact with hyaluronic acid, 3) an increase in galactosamine/glucosamine and a gradual decrease in glucosamine/amino acid ratio, and 4) an increase in serine and glycine and a decrease in half cysteine and methionine content of the core protein. The results indicate that the smaller size of the proteoglycan from articular cartilage was due to degradation of the core protein at the early stage. But there seems to be some changes of proteoglycan synthesis at the late stage. PMID- 6796635 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: quantitation of maximum phagocytic and bactericidal capabilities of normal human granulocytes. AB - The maximum phagocytic and bactericidal capabilities of normal human PMNs against a seroresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated by morphological observation, uptake of radiolabeled bacteria, and quantitative killing methods. The number of bacteria killed per PMN increased from 3 to 23 as the bacteria-to PMN ratio was increased from 3:1 to 100:1. Conversely, the percent of bacteria killed decreased from 94% to 3%. In monolayers, an increase in the inoculum from 10(5) to 10(8) cfu/ml was associated with greater phagocytosis and a sixfold increase in PMNs containing greater than or equal to 5 bacteria/PMN. With the use of 75Se-labeled P. aeruginosa, optimal phagocytosis was observed with 10 to 20 bacteria/PMN in 20% NPS. Maximum uptake of 70% occurred in 40 min. No difference was observed in the uptakes of live or heat-killed bacteria. The maximum number of bacteria ingested per PMN was 32 +/- 5 at the highest ratio tested (100:1). The use of altered opsonic sources indicated the need for the classical complement pathway for optimal phagocytosis. Thus study describes the requirements and necessary standardization parameters that were found to be essential for a highly reproducible method for measuring phagocytosis and killing of P. aeruginosa by normal human PMNs. This method could be employed for clinical assessment of partial opsonic or PMN dysfunction in the study of the interaction of PMNs and P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6796636 TI - Morphogenesis of the epidermis of adult abdomen of Drosophila. AB - Mitotic pattern in the different histoblast nests, and the temporal sequence of fusion and differentiation of these nests and spiracular anlagen resulting in the formation of the different regions of the adult abdomen of Drosophila melanogaster were studied by examining whole mount preparations and histological sections of the epidermis from closely timed developmental stages. The relationship between the boundaries of the primary (larval) and secondary (adult) segments was determined by following the points of insertion of the dorsal internal oblique muscles which persist through metamorphosis. These studies indicate that the descendants of the anterior dorsal histoblast nest form the hairy and bristled region of the tergum, while those of the anterior and posterior groups of the posterior dorsal nest give rise to the intersegmental membrane and acrotergite respectively; the ventral histoblast cells give rise to the sternum and pleural region while the spiracular anlage forms the spiracle. These findings confirm and extend the conclusions derived from genetic analysis or after experimental inductions of defects, on the lineage of the various histoblast nests. PMID- 6796637 TI - Cell surface properties of amphibian embryonic cells. AB - Gastrula and neurula embryos of Cynops pyrrhogaster were dissociated into cell suspensions with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), trypsin, and solution. The cells were cultured in Niu-Twitty's balanced salt solution and their aggregates were examined histologically. The results indicated that the capacity of amphibian embryonic cells for aggregate formation, sorting out, and notochord differentiation was not suppressed by EDTA and alkali treatments. Trypsin treatment, however, virtually suppressed the cell's capacity for aggregate formation. When aggregate formation resulted from trypsin-dissociated cells, the aggregates showed the sorting out and no differentiation of notochord. PMID- 6796638 TI - Effects of cystment on cells of Oxytricha fallax possessing supernumerary dorsal bristle rows. AB - Cells of Oxytricha fallax possessing cytotactically inherited supernumerary dorsal bristle rows can redevelop those dorsal supernumerary rows after cystment, even though supernumerary ventral cortical structures are permanently lost through cystment. Previous work has demonstrated: (1) that cystement involves a complete dedifferentiation of all ciliary structures-all cilia, basal bodies, microtubules and fibres; and (2) that all ventral ciliary structures arise from a single ciliary primordium during excystement. These observations suggest the following conclusions. (1) The information for the redevelopment of supernumerary dorsal bristle rows during excystment is associated with some ultrastructurally unidentifiable molecular structure of the cyst cortex. (2) Cytotactic information for the development of cortical patterns is retained in at last two locations in the resting cyst; one location specifies the site of development of the ventral ciliature whereas the other specifies the location and pattern of the dorsal ciliature. PMID- 6796639 TI - Differentiation within the gonads of Drosophila revealed by immunofluorescence. AB - The antibody produced by the hybrid cell line DA.1B6 binds to the diploid epithelial cells of Drosophila. In this paper, we describe the immunofluorescence binding pattern of the antibody to the gonads. A bright sheath of fluorescence extends from the seminal vesicle onto the most proximal part of the adult testis. The only other significant binding to the organ is to the apical cells of the germinal proliferation centre, which fluoresce brightly in testes from adults and from third instar larvae. In the adult ovary, there is strong binding to the cells of the follicular epithelium, although this binding is reduced in the latter stages of follicle development. Soon after the formation of a follicle, a pair of epithelial cells at each pole of the follicle can be seen to fluoresce much more brightly than the other cells. This early differentiation is reflected in the morphogenetic behaviour of these polar cells as the follicle develops. The anterior pair are among the 'border cells' which migrate between the nurse cells to the anterior pole of the developing oocyte; and, when the follicular epithelium around the oocyte becomes columnar, the posterior pair of cells do not elongate as much as the surrounding cells. PMID- 6796640 TI - Cytoplasmic regulation of the duration of cleavage in amphibian eggs. AB - Relations between a cytoplasmic species specificity and the duration of cleavage cycles were investigated by reciprocal injections of egg cytoplasm. Xenogenic cytoplasm induces an early or delayed cleavage of the recipient egg depending on the chronological specificity of the injected cell cytoplasm. Activity of the so called cleavage timing system (CTS) was first detected in the cytoplasm of maturing oocytes at the stage of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). This specific cytoplasmic property was not dependent on the maturation promoting factor (MPF). Relations between the CTS and other cytoplasmic components which are known to induce cleavage are discussed. PMID- 6796641 TI - Development of a rat urinary kallikrein-binding radioimmunoassay and identification of homologous enzyme in plasma. AB - A complete description of a component-binding radioimmunoassay of rat urinary kallikrein is presented. Each step of the radioimmunoassay was evaluated and optimized. The problems encountered in the development of the assay are discussed; this may be a guide to the treatment of similar problems in the development of a comparable component-binding radioimmunoassay. Protocols are presented for performance of the assay with [3H]-labelled or [125I]-labelled rat urinary kallikrein. Radioimmunoassay and immundoublediffusion data suggested that rat plasma indeed contains an antigen similar to glandular kallikrein. However, quantitation of the antigen by the direct radioimmunoassay must await appropriate developments for efficient dissociation and/or denaturation of interfering substances. PMID- 6796642 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in the community hospital. AB - The clinical records of 66 patients with bacterial endocarditis hospitalized in three community hospitals in Saginaw, Michigan, from 1964 through 1979 were reviewed. Data from these nonreferral hospitals demonstrate that infective endocarditis often does not present to the primary care physician with classical physical findings. The etiological organisms were noted to change from being primarily alpha-hemolytic streptococci during the early part of the study to staphylococci and Streptococcus faecalis during later years. Narcotic addiction was a factor of increasing importance in the development of endocarditis and in the changing microbiology of this clinical syndrome. PMID- 6796643 TI - The cooperative information project: Part 2: some initial clinical, quality assurance, and practice management studies. AB - Many of the obstacles inherent in the conduct of primary care research have been overcome by an experimental program in northern New England, the Primary Care Cooperative Information Project. This project uses a medical information network in 44 rural medical practices to carry out both clinical and management research. This paper describes the developmental problems encountered and the results of some initial clinical, quality assurance, and practice management studies conducted by the network and presents observations on its future research directions. PMID- 6796644 TI - A systematic procedure for the identification of post-explosion samples of commercial blasting explosives. PMID- 6796645 TI - [Epidemiological study of PCB poisoning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796646 TI - [The blood level of PCB in the poisoned patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796648 TI - Mutation that selectively affects rhodopsin concentration in the peripheral photoreceptors of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A Drosophila mutant (ninaAP228) that is low in rhodopsin concentration but identical to the wild-type fly in photoreceptor morphology has been isolated. R1 6 photoreceptors of the mutant differ from those of wild type in that (a) the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) is absent, (b) concentrations of rhodopsin and opsin are substantially reduced, and (c) intramembrane particle density in the membranes of the rhabdomeres is low. Each of these traits is mimicked by depriving wild-type flies of vitamin A. The ninaAP228 mutation differs from vitamin A deprivation in that in the mutant (a) the rhabdomeric membrane particle density is reduced only in the R1-6 photoreceptors and not in R7 or R8, (b) the PDA can be elicited from the R7 photoreceptors, and (c) photoconversion of R1-6 rhodopsin to metarhodopsin by ultraviolet (UV) light is considerably more efficient than in vitamin A-deprived flies. The absorption properties of the mutant rhodopsin in the R1-6 photoreceptors appear to be identical to those of wild type as judged from rhodopsin difference spectra. The results suggest that the mutation affects the opsin, rather than the chromophore, component of rhodopsin molecules in the R1-6 photoreceptors. The interaction between the chromophore and R1-6 opsin, however, appears to be normal. PMID- 6796649 TI - Effect of defective phages on the cell membrane of Bacillus subtilis and partial characterization of the phage protein involved in killing. AB - In order to investigate whether defective phages of Bacillus subtilis killed sensitive bacteria by a lysis from without mechanism, the minimal number of phages required for killing was determined. This figure was found to vary with the m.o.i., giving a value of 1 on extrapolation to an m.o.i. of 0. This excluded lysis from without as the only killing mechanism, although it might play a role at high m.o.i.s. This was confirmed by experiments on leakage of ATP and u.v. absorbing material, the uptake of oxygen and the effect of the phages on the membrane potential. Apart from a short, initial leakage of ATP, the cell membrane was not affected at low m.o.i.s. These results lead to the conclusion that at low m.o.i.s. the phages acted on a cytoplasmic component. Treatment of defective phages for 10 min at pH 2.5 resulted in breakdown of the phages without complete abolition of the killing activity. The active component, which was shown not to be DNA, could not be isolated from the mixture, but SDS gel electrophoresis of PBS X and a non-killing mutant of this phage suggested that a protein with a mol. wt. of 85000 was involved in killing. PMID- 6796647 TI - Myoplasmic free calcium concentration reached during the twitch of an intact isolated cardiac cell and during calcium-induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of a skinned cardiac cell from the adult rat or rabbit ventricle. AB - Intact cardiac cells from the adult rat or rabbit ventricle were isolated by enzymatic digestion with a progressive increase of the [free Ca2+] in the solution. These cells were electrically stimulated in the presence of 2.50 mM free Ca2+, and a twitch of maximum amplitude was elicited by the positive inotropic interventions that were found to be optimum. Then the cells were chemically skinned, and the maximum tension induced by a saturating [free Ca2+] was used as a reference to express the tension developed during the twitch of the intact cells. The myoplasmic [free Ca2+] reached during the twitch was inferred from the tension-pCa curve. In mechanically skinned cells of the same animal species, the myoplasmic [free Ca2+] reached during Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was inferred by two methods using (a) the tension-pCa curve and (b) a direct calibration of the transients of aequorin bioluminescence. The induction of a maximum Ca2+ release from the SR required a larger Ca2+ preload of the SR and a higher [free Ca2+] trigger in the rabbit than in the rat skinned cells. However, the results obtained with the two methods of inference of the myoplasmic [free Ca2+] suggest that in both animal species a maximum myoplasmic [free Ca2+] of pCa approximately 5.40 was reached during both the optimum Ca2+-induced release of Ca2+ from the SR of the skinned cells and the optimum twitch of the intact cells. This was much lower than the [free Ca2+] necessary for the full activation of the myofilaments (pCa approximately 4.90). PMID- 6796650 TI - Type A monoamine oxidase catalyzes the intraneuronal deamination of dopamine within nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal neurons in the rat. AB - Clorgyline (0.3-10 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited type A monamine oxidase (5 hydroxytryptamine as substrate) but not type B monoamine oxidase (phenylethylamine as substrate) in homogenates of rat striatum and olfactory tubercle; deprenyl (0.3-3 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited type B but not type A monoamine oxidase in these homogenates. The same doses of clorgyline increased concentrations of dopamine in striatum, and dopamine and norepinephrine in the olfactory tubercle, median eminence and posterior pituitary; they also reduced the concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and the rate of synthesis of dopamine (DOPA accumulation after a decarboxylase inhibitor) in the same brain regions. On the other hand, the administration of deprenyl at doses that markedly inhibited type B monoamine oxidase did not alter the concentrations of dopamine, norepinephrine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid or the rate of accumulation of DOPA in these brain regions. In addition, only clorgyline significantly lowered serum concentrations of prolactin. These results that type A monoamine oxidase catalyzes the intraneuronal deamination of dopamine within terminals of nigrostriatal, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophyseal dopamine neurons. PMID- 6796651 TI - 5-S-Cysteinyldopa in ganglion stellatum. AB - 5-S-Cysteinyldopa, an amino acid formed by nucleophilic addition of cysteine to dopaquinone, has been detected in the ganglion stellatum of the cow in amounts varying between 21 and 35 ng/g ganglionic tissue. Dopa was present in slightly higher quantities. Cysteinyldopa has previously been regarded as a substance unique for the melanocytes, where it forms melanin after oxidation and polymerization. At present only hypothetical explanations of our finding can be offered. The content of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in ganglion stellatum may be the result of dopa oxidation in ganglionic cells. An uptake mechanism for circulating cysteinyldopa may exist. Localization of cysteinyldopa to aberrant melanocytes or to aged SIF-cells in the ganglia should also be borne in mind. PMID- 6796652 TI - Changes in the effectiveness of the blood-brain and blood-spinal cord barriers in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced In Lewis rats by the intradermal inoculation of an homogenate of guinea pig spinal cord in complete Freund's adjuvant. In these animals the effectiveness with which the capillary barrier excluded mannitol (a substance which normally only crosses this barrier very slowly) from the brain and spinal cord involvement were at their height, 14 days after the inoculation, the effectiveness of the barrier was reduced since the rate of diffusion of the mannitol out of the blood into the brain-stem and spinal cord was approximately doubled. Even as early as 7 days after inoculation, before any clinical signs had appeared, the rate of diffusion was significantly increased in the region of the lumbo-sacral cord. These changes roughly paralleled the histological changes seen in many of the small vessels. We believe that the changes are due to an increase in the permeability of the vessels to mannitol. The bearing of these findings on multiple sclerosis is discussed. PMID- 6796653 TI - Structural destabilization of synaptosomal particles by lysis and sequential chemical treatments. AB - Synaptosomes from rat brains were subjected to a sequence of treatments: osmotic lysis, buffered saline wash, nonionic detergent, EGTA and EDTA. After each treatment, particulate samples were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde-1% formaldehyde and centrifuged to form pellets which were then processed for and examined by electron microscopy. Five morphological classes of synaptic particle were defined in terms of character and presence of synaptic vesicles, flocculent and stranded material, designated as intervesicular scaffolding (IVS), and presynaptic membrane. During osmotic lysis, the presynaptic compartment was altered by loss of most, but not all, small synaptic vesicles, by increase in proportion of large vesicles, and by disappearance of the presynaptic densities. The retention of vesicles was interpreted in terms of IVS struts interconnecting anchorage sites on synaptic vesicles and the presynaptic junctional membrane. Treatment of lysed synaptosomes with nonionic detergent or EGTA resulted in loss of vesicles and IVS from the junctional region in most particles. The apposition of pre-and postsynaptic junctional membranes along the synaptic cleft was disrupted more by EGTA than by detergent. The final result of the sequential treatments was a sediment containing a high proportion of synaptic particles, about half of which had lost their presynaptic junctional membranes. PMID- 6796655 TI - The role and interrelationships of Ca2+ and arachidonic acid metabolism in stimulated neutrophil functions. PMID- 6796654 TI - Preferential generation of prostaglandin D2 by rat and human mast cells. PMID- 6796656 TI - Dopamine metabolism following irreversible inactivation of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase in retina. AB - The effects of an intravitreal injection of alpha-fluoromethyldopa, an irreversible mechanism-based inactivator of aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase, on the retinal dopamine content of light-adapted chicks and rabbits have been examined. A single administration of 10 nmol of alpha-fluoromethyldopa totally inactivates aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase within 2 hr in vivo in rabbits. By 4 to 6 hr, the level of dihydroxyphenylalanine increased 7-fold and the levels of dopamine and dihydroxyphenylacetic acid fell by 90%. With an injection of 50 nmol, similar results were observed in chicks. The levels of dihyroxyphenylacetic acid began to fall soon after injection when significant (30 to 40%) amounts of dopamine were still present. These results are discussed in relation to the use of tissue dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels to indicate the level of dopaminergic neuronal activity or dopamine synthesis. Recovery by the retinae of both species was shown by the return of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity and the resynthesis of dopamine. PMID- 6796657 TI - The influence of attentive fixation upon the excitability of the light-sensitive neurons of the posterior parietal cortex. AB - We describe the effect of behavioral state upon the excitability of light sensitive (Ls) neurons of the inferior parietal lobule, area 7a, studied in waking monkeys. The responses of parietal LS neurons to visual stimuli are facilitated during the state of attentive fixation of a target light as compared to their responses to physically and retinotopically identical test stimuli delivered during the eye pauses of alert wakefulness. Seventy percent of the neurons tested (n = 55) showed significant increments in responses in the state of attentive fixation; the median value of the increments was 3.5 times. Only 4 of the 55 cells examined completely showed the reverse relation. Three sets of control experiments were done. The facilitation occurred when the responses evoked during the trials of a reaction task with attentive fixation of a target were compared with those evoked by identical stimuli delivered to the same retinotopic locations at the end of each intertrial interval: the facilitation of attentive fixation is not due to a shift in the general level of arousal. The facilitation occurred when the animal maintained attentive fixation of a spot of the tangent screen without a target light or when an additional light mimicking the target light was presented along with testing stimuli in the state of alert wakefulness without attentive fixation: the facilitation is not produced by a sensory-sensory interaction between target and testing lights. Finally, the facilitation was observed whether or not the test stimuli were behaviorally relevant. We conclude that the act of attentive fixation exerts a specific and powerful effect upon the excitability of the neural systems linking the retinae and the inferior parietal lobule and that the facilitation plays an important role in visually guided behavior. PMID- 6796658 TI - Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption in the posterior fossa of the dog. AB - Transient reversible osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption was produced in the posterior fossa of 33 dogs. A percutaneous catheter technique was used for the infusion of hypertonic mannitol into the vertebral artery. Neither the catheter technique nor the osmotic barrier modification resulted in interference with brain-stem function in most animals. The degree of barrier modification achieved by osmotic disruption in the posterior fossa is similar to that previously described for barrier modification of the supratentorial parenchyma. Methotrexate delivered to the brain via the vertebral artery resulted in a drug concentration of 100 to 300 ng/gm brain tissue. When the same amount of drug was given following osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption, brain tissue contained 1100 to 5000 ng of methotrexate/gm of brain tissue. Finally, the adequacy of the blood brain barrier modification in the posterior fossa was shown to be quantifiable by the amount of enhancement on computerized tomographic scans. PMID- 6796659 TI - Evaluation of prostaglandin biosynthetic activity in canine basilar artery following subarachnoid injection of blood. AB - Transformation of arachidonic acid into prostaglandins was investigated in the basilar artery by incubating sections of artery with carbon-14-labeled arachidonic acid. Thin-layer radiochromatography revealed that, in normal canine basilar arteries, 14C-arachidonic acid was transformed mainly to 6-keto prostaglandin (PG)F1 alpha, a spontaneous metabolite of prostacyclin (PGI2). Among other prostaglandins, only a small amount of PGF2 alpha was detected, whereas PGD2, PGE2, and thromboxane B2 were not. Arteries removed on Days 3 and 8 after subarachnoid blood injection showed a prostaglandin synthesis profile similar to that in the normal cerebral artery. In borate-buffered saline (0.1M borate buffer, pH 9.0/0.15M NaCl = 1:9, vol/vol), canine basilar artery produced a PGI2-like substance that inhibited adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. Its anti-aggregatory activity was completely abolished by acidification. Aspirin likewise inhibited production of the anti-aggregatory substance. From these results, it was concluded that the anti-aggregatory activity was due solely to the production of PGI2 by the arterial specimen. Based on the above results, PGI2 biosynthetic activity in the cerebral artery exposed to subarachnoid blood injection was bioassayed by measuring the inhibitory activity of the incubation product upon ADP-induced platelet aggregation following incubation of the arteries in borate-buffered saline for 5 to 30 minutes at 20 degrees C, using synthetic PGI2-Na as a standard. The synthetic activity of PGI2 in the artery exposed to subarachnoid blood injection had diminished remarkably by Days 3 and 8. This diminution of PGI2 synthesis in the cerebral artery may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. PMID- 6796660 TI - Successful surgical treatment of an odontogenic ossified craniopharyngioma. Case report. AB - A large, highly ossified craniopharyngioma was diagnosed and surgically treated in a 2-year-old girl. About 20 teeth were macroscopically identified in the operative specimen, some of them totally developed, complete with crown and root. Pathological study established the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma with formation of teeth. Only five cases have been reported previously, and only one patient survived the operation. The patient is alive 3 years after surgical treatment. Radiotherapy was not used. PMID- 6796661 TI - Prolactin and thyrotropin secretin in alcoholic liver cirrhosis: study of the variations induced by TRH, metoclopramide and cimetidine. PMID- 6796663 TI - Investigate before you educate. PMID- 6796662 TI - Effect of anabolic treatment on the serum levels of gonadotropins, testosterone, prolactin, thyroid hormones and myoglobin of male athletes under physical training. PMID- 6796664 TI - Analysis of patient classification data. PMID- 6796665 TI - Pharyngoesophageal pulsion diverticulum (Zenker) in a ten-year-old boy. AB - Posterior pharyngoesophageal pulsion diverticula are rare during the pediatric years. We present the third case (a 10-yr-old). Proper diagnosis was made during fiberoptic esophagoscopy. PMID- 6796666 TI - Coronary sinus thrombosis: a central venous catheter complication. PMID- 6796667 TI - Congenital diverticulum of the left ventricle. AB - A case of a 7-mo old male infant with a diverticulum of the left ventricle is reported. The diverticulum has been successfully resected and the defect of the diaphragm closed. Repair of the associated huge ventral hernia has been postponed to be done in stages. PMID- 6796668 TI - [Physico-chemical studies of mixed membrane composed of gelatin and chondroitin sulfate. V. Dependence of electrolyte permeabilities on membrane charge density and water content (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796669 TI - Preparation and antidiabetic activity of cyclic sulfonylthiourea derivatives. AB - 3-Substituted 5-methyl-1-(p-[(3,5-dimethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-, 5-methyl-1-(p-[(5 methyl-3-carboxy)pyrazol-1-yl]-, 1-(p-[(3-methyl-5-phenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]-, and 1 (p-[(3-methyl-4-bromo-5-phenyl)pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulfonyl)-2-thiohydantoin and their 5-methyl-2-thiohydantoin and 5,6-dihydro-4(3H)-oxo-2(1H)-pyrimidinethione derivatives were prepared for evaluation as hypoglycemic agents. Biological testing showed that some of these compounds possessed antidiabetic activity. PMID- 6796670 TI - Temperature-dependent effect of edetate disodium on neomycin stability. AB - When heated at temperatures in excess of 100 degrees, the stability of neomycin in aqueous ophthalmic formulations was improved by the addition of edetate disodium (0.01%). As the exposure temperature was reduced, the degree of stability enhancement diminished until the effect was reversed, and addition of edetate disodium was detrimental to neomycin stability in solutions stored at 30 degrees. PMID- 6796671 TI - Effects of chronic perphenazine treatment on growth and endocrine function in developing rats. PMID- 6796672 TI - Interactions among rods in the isolated retina of Bufo marinus. AB - 1. The existence and extent of interactions among rods were analysed in the isolated retina of Bufo marinus. Intracellular recordings were made from the outer segments with micropipettes. Stimuli of precisely measured geometry were delivered to the outer segments using a compound microscope. 2. To demonstrate the existence of interactions two rods were simultaneously impaled; current injected into one rod resulted in a current-induced potential of like sign in the other rod. 3. When the diameter of a circular stimulus was increased from 30 to 500 micrometer the mean sensitivity of the rods increased by 1.2 +/- 0.3 log units (S.D.), though the illuminance measured through the impaled rod was adjusted to be constant. 4. The extent of interactions was examined by presenting a dim, slit-shaped stimulus at each of several displacements from an impaled rod. This stimulus either passed through the retina before coming into focus on the outer segments (transillumination) or was focused directly on the outer segments (incident illumination). For each displacement both the amount of light scattered onto the impaled rod and the response of the rod were measured. 5. The amount of light scattered onto the impaled rod was assessed for each displacement of the stimulus. For incident illumination this assessment was made by measuring the distribution of bleached pigment about the slit stimulus. The bleaching could be described by an exponential that decreased with distance; this exponential had a space constant of 4 micrometer. For transillumination the assessment was made in two ways. The light that passed through the impaled rod was measured and found to decrease exponentially with slit displacement; the mean space constant of this exponentially was 9.3 +/- 3.2 micrometer (S.D.). In few experiments the distribution of bleached pigment about the slit stimulus was measured and was found to decrease exponentially with distance; this latter exponential had a slightly longer space constant than the exponential measured using transmitted light. 6. For each impaled rod a convolution of an exponential interaction function with the measured distribution of stimulus illuminance about the impaled rod could be fitted to the plot of response amplitude versus displacement of the slit stimulus. For stimuli presented by transillumination the mean space constant describing the interaction functions was 20 +/- 6 micrometer (S.D.). For stimuli presented by incident illumination the mean space constant of the interaction functions was 22 +/- 4 micrometer (S.D.). 7. This report presents new evidence that interactions among rods exist in the isolated retina and that the extent of interactions can be described by a space constant of about 20 micrometer. PMID- 6796673 TI - The interplay between hydrogen ions, bicarbonate ions and osmolality in the anterior duodenum modulating gastric function in the conscious calf. AB - 1. Gastric emptying, gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion were assessed simultaneously in the conscious calf using the test meal and duodenal perfusion technique (Bell & Mostaghni, 1975).2. Duodenal infusion of NaCl at a constant osmolality of 300 m-osmole/kg, but with pH ranging from 2.0 to 12.0, did not alter the high level of gastric emptying and secretion already reported for isotonic NaCl or NaHCO(3) alone (Bell & Mostaghni, 1975; Bell & Webber, 1979). Gastric function, therefore, is either unaffected by gastric chyme at pH 2.0-12.0 entering the duodenum, or else isotonicity is dominant over pH in activating duodenal receptors which increase motor activity.3. When the pH of the isotonic NaCl was reduced by the addition of HCl to below pH 2.0, inhibition of gastric function occurred in direct proportion to the amount of titratable acid present in the infusate. The H(+) moiety of isotonic duodenal infusates of pH < 2.0 dominates activation of osmoreceptors and so inhibits motor activity.4. When the same amount of acid but at differing concentrations and infusion rates was introduced into the duodenum uniform inhibition of gastric function occurred. This result indicates that duodenal acid receptors respond to acid concentration and flow rate to produce an integrated response in proportion to the amount (concentration x volume) of acid present.5. Isotonic NaHCO(3) solutions adjusted to pH 8.1-12.0 by the addition of NaOH, like isotonic NaCl infusions, did not affect gastric function until pH 11.0-12.0, when significant inhibition occurred. This inhibitory effect of isotonic NaHCO(3) at high pH is probably due to CO(3) (2-), since Na(2)CO(3) and Li(2)CO(3), but not LiCl, produce a similar inhibitory effect on gastric function.6. The inhibitory effect of carbonate gives some support to the existence of a CO(2)-sensor as suggested by Hunt & Knox (1972), whereby increased P(CO2) produced by intracellular or intercellular neutralization of CO(3) (2-) by duodenal H(+) activates acid receptors. But other experiments reported here, where simultaneous perfusion of HCl and excess NaHCO(3) produced a rise in intraluminal P(CO2), did not inhibit gastric function, which is contrary to the idea of a direct intraluminal effect of CO(2) on duodenal receptors.7. The pH, P(O2), P(CO2), HCO(3) (-) and base excess of venous blood showed no detectable change during duodenal infusion of either acidic or alkaline solutions. Metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, therefore, cannot be considered to play any part in controlling gastric function. The results thus corroborate the notion that the receptors controlling gastric function are localized in the intestinal mucosa.8. Our results suggest that interplay between acid and osmolality of gastric chyme occurs in the rostral part of the duodenum to produce a graded inhibitory effect which by negative feedback modulates the gastric effectors that normally activate smooth muscle, parietal cells and zymogen cells. PMID- 6796674 TI - Mechanism of the effect of cyanide on cell membrane potentials in Necturus gall bladder epithelium. AB - 1. Addition of sodium cyanide to the mucosal or the serosal medium bathing the isolated gall-bladder of Necturus maculosus causes hyperpolarization of both apical and basolateral membrane of the epithelial cells. The effect of cyanide is practically immediate, reversible (if exposure is brief), and long-lasting (greater than 30 min). 2. The hyperpolarization is accompanied by: (a) reduction of the equivalent resistance of the cell membranes, as shown by cable analysis and input resistance measurements, and (b) increase of the potassium selectivity of both cell membranes, as evidenced by the effects of external substitutions of potassium for sodium on cell membrane potentials. We conclude that the cyanide induced hyperpolarization is caused mainly or exclusively by an increase of the potassium permeability of the cell membranes. 3. Addition of the calcium ionophore A23187 (5 microM) to the mucosal medium in the presence of 1 mM-calcium caused similar effects to those produced by cyanide. After either cyanide or A23187, addition of the other agent did not cause further membrane potential changes. 4. Quinine (100 microM, mucosal medium) reduced the potassium permeability of the apical membrane both under control conditions and during exposure to cyanide. 5. We suggest that the cyanide-induced increase of the potassium permeability of the cell membrane is mediated by an elevation of intracellular calcium ion activity, attributable to release from mitochondrial sources. PMID- 6796676 TI - Alpha-aminoisobutyric acid efflux from the cornea of the toad, Bufo marinus. AB - 1. Amino acids move into and out of the amphibian cornea across its inner aqueous, side only. Most alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) accumulation takes place in the corneal epithelium; the endothelium and stroma do not limit exchanges with these cells. The apical, or tear, surface of the epithelium is an impermeable barrier to the transport of amino acids. There are several sites or mechanisms by which AIB enters and leaves the cornea. 2. The entry of AIB is not Na-dependent; however, the exit site is very sensitive to changes in internal Na concentration. Any factor, such as ouabain or metabolic inhibitors, that increases internal Na, markedly stimulates AIB efflux. 3. Site are also present for the exchange of internal for external amino acids, and this process is Na dependent. There was no measurable movement of Na into or out of the cells with these amino acids. Exchange efflux was more specific than uptake, since both alanine and leucine inhibit AIB uptake, but only alanine stimulates AIB efflux. 4. Although the largest amount of AIB accumulated by the cornea was present in the epithelium, evidence is presented that the endothelium and stromal keratocytes may also concentrate and retain amino acids. PMID- 6796675 TI - Changes in 42K efflux produced by alterations in transmembrane calcium movements in turtle cardiac pace-maker tissue. AB - 1. 42K efflux has been measured from small strips of turtle sinus venosus which were electrically paced. Three different procedures for altering transmembrane calcium influx have been utilized to test whether changes in 42K efflux may be modulated by changes in intracellular calcium levels. 2. No significant changes in the 42K fractional escape rate (FER) were observed when external calcium was reduced to O mM or increased to 4 x normal (10 mM). In these experiments extracellular divalent cation concentration was held constant by adding or removing magnesium ions. 3. Application of 10 mM-Ba2+ also failed to alter 42K FER consistently. In red blood cells and snail neurones addition of barium ions has been shown to reduce significantly the calcium-mediated potassium current. 4. A tenfold increase in pacing rate (0.5-5 Hz) resulted in an augmented 42K FER, but repetition of this rate change in O mM-Ca2+ indicated that this increase in 42K FER was not strongly dependent on the amount of calcium entry. 5. Attempts to load the pace-maker cells with calcium by using the ionophore A23187 (10 micrograms ml . -1 of 2.0 x 10(-5) M) consistently resulted in very large increases in 42K FER. However, this effect (i) was blocked by atropine and (ii) was markedly reduced by pretreating the tissues with hemicholinium, indicating that A23187-induced release of acetylcholine from the endogenous nerve terminals was responsible for the observed increase in 42K FER. 6. In summary, three different experimental tests indicate that the majority of the 42K efflux is not tightly linked to transmembrane calcium movement in sinus venosus pace-maker tissue. PMID- 6796677 TI - The magnesium dependence of sodium-pump-mediated sodium-potassium and sodium sodium exchange in intact human red cells. AB - 1. The magnesium content of human red blood cells was controlled by varying the magnesium concentration in the medium in the presence of the ionophore A23187. The new magnesium levels attained were very stable, which allowed the magnesium dependence of the sodium pump to be investigated.2. The effects of magnesium were shown to occur at the inner surface of the red cell membrane for the range of magnesium concentrations tested (10(-7) to 6 x 10(-3)m).3. At intracellular ionized magnesium concentrations below 0.8 mm the activation of ouabain-sensitive sodium-potassium exchange by internal ionized magnesium could be resolved into two or three components: (a) a small component, about 5% of the maximum flux, which is apparently independent of the ionized magnesium concentration below 2 mum, (b) a saturating component with a K((1/2)) of between 30 and 45 mum, and possibly (c) a component which increases linearly with ionized magnesium concentration and which only becomes apparent at concentrations above 0.1 mm.4. At intracellular ionized magnesium concentrations below 0.8 mm, activation of ouabain-sensitive sodium-sodium exchange by internal ionized magnesium could be resolved into two components: (a) a small component, about 6% of the maximal flux, which is apparently independent of the ionized magnesium concentration below 2 mum, and (b) a saturating component with a K((1/2)) of about 9 mum. At ionized magnesium concentrations between about 0.2 and 0.8 mm the rate of sodium sodium exchange remained constant at the maximal level.5. The intracellular concentration of ATP decreased and the ADP concentration increased as the magnesium content of the cells was reduced from the normal level. A small increase in ATP and a small decrease in ADP was seen when the magnesium content was increased above the normal level. The variation in the ATP: ADP ratio from 2.5 at very low magnesium levels to about 6 at normal magnesium levels can account, at least in part, for the different K((1/2)) values of sodium-potassium and sodium-sodium exchange.6. When the concentration of ionized magnesium was increased above about 0.8 mm both sodium-potassium and sodium-sodium exchange were inhibited. Sodium-sodium exchange was more strongly inhibited than sodium potassium exchange.7. The possible sites of action of magnesium in the sodium pump cycle are discussed. PMID- 6796678 TI - Stimulated gastric prostaglandin output, and the effect of inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, in the conscious cat. AB - 1. In the conscious gastric fistula cat there was no correlation between the outputs of gastric acid and PGE secreted in response to incremental doses of pentagastrin and histamine acid phosphate. 2. PGE secreted in response to pentagastrin and histamine was not dose dependent. 3. Flurbiprofen significantly inhibited the gastric output of PGE but did not influence acid or pepsin secretion. Inhibition of PGE secretion was accompanied by evidence of gastric mucosal haemorrhage. 4. It is concluded that gastric juice PGE is unlikely to be involved in the physiological control of acid secretion. PMID- 6796679 TI - Electrotonic coupling in internally perfused crayfish segmented axons. AB - We have developed a technique for cannulation and internal perfusion of crayfish segmented lateral axons. Experiments on perfused and non-perfused axons lead to the following conclusions: 1. Internally perfused segmented axons behave very similarly to non-perfused axons. 2. The axial electrical resistance of the junctional region is almost as low as a comparable segment of axon. 3. Neither intracellular Ca2+ nor H+ is effective in disrupting the intercellular communication pathway in perfused axons. On the basis of these findings we have formulated a hypothesis for cellular control of intercellular coupling based on the existence of a soluble intermediate for Ca2+ or H+-induced uncoupling. This hypothesis is consistent with data from both internally perfused and non-perfused axons. PMID- 6796680 TI - Standards in general practice. Effectiveness and efficiency. AB - This paper proposes that doctors need to accept the technical meaning of terms used in economics such as effectiveness, efficiency, cost, input, process, cost benefit and outcome. The usefulness of these terms is discussed, with examples, and it is agreed that effectiveness and efficiency are best examined by those whose behaviour must alter as a result of the analysis. PMID- 6796681 TI - Increased natural host resistance mechanisms in B lymphocyte-deprived mice. PMID- 6796682 TI - Felty's syndrome: case report and rationale for disease-suppressant immunosuppressive therapy. AB - A patient with Felty's syndrome complicated by severe infections, and characterized by marked hyperimmunoglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes, and high titers of rheumatoid factor is described. The clinical features, hematologic and immunologic abnormalities improved dramatically with steroids and were extended with gold therapy. Mechanisms of neutropenia and neutrophil dysfunction are discussed and a rationale for the treatment given. PMID- 6796683 TI - Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy and pseudomembranous enterocolitis. AB - We describe a 25-year-old male with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus who developed severe pseudomembranous enterocolitis with intractable diarrhea for which he was maintained on total parenteral nutrition. Subsequently, he developed clinical signs and typical radiological manifestations of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) associated with hemolytic anemia, proteinuria and immunoglobulin deficiency. Immune complexes were not detected in either sera and synovial fluid. PMID- 6796684 TI - Effect of auranofin dose regimen change upon cell-associated gold in rheumatoid arthritic patients. AB - We examined whether changes in auranofin dose regimen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients affect cell-associated and/or serum gold levels. In 7 RA patients, a reduction in daily dosage of auranofin from 3 mg bid to 3 mg qd was correlated with a marked reduction (81%-95%) in cell-associated gold, whereas a return to the 3 mg bid dose level resulted in a reinstatement of cell-associated gold. These changes in cell-associated gold were not reflected in alterations of serum gold levels. This apparent lack of change in serum gold level as opposed to cell associated gold suggests that this phenomenon warrants further investigation. PMID- 6796685 TI - N-(Methanesulfonyl)-16-phenoxyprostaglandincarboxamides: tissue-selective, uterine stimulants. AB - In an effort to develop tissue-selective prostaglandin analogues resistant to the metabolic inactivating pathways of the natural materials, hybrid compounds modified both at C-1 with a sulfonimide moiety and in the n-amylcarbinol side chain with substituted phenoxy groups were synthesized and evaluated in a variety of in vitro models. Several of these analogues exhibited potent, tissue selective, uterine stimulant activity, a finding subsequently confirmed in clinical studies with one member of this series, N-(methanesulfonyl)-16-phenoxy omega-tetranor-PGE2-carboxamide (CP-34089/ZK-57671, sulprostone). PMID- 6796686 TI - Structure of a copper-isoniazid complex. AB - It is well-known that complex formation with copper ions increases the in vitro mycobactericidal action of the antituberculosis agent isoniazid. We report here the preparation and structure of a copper(II)-isoniazid complex. Unit cell parameters are a = 9.575, b = 14.855, and c = 7.056 A and space group P2(1)2(1)2(1). Copper bonding geometry is square planar with the isoniazid carbonyl oxygen and hydrazide amino nitrogen atoms and two chlorines occupying coordination positions. Complexing with copper(II) does not significantly alter the isoniazid molecular conformation. PMID- 6796687 TI - Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by 5-alkynyl-2'-deoxyuridylates. PMID- 6796688 TI - Comparison of the inhibition of methotrexate-sensitive and -resistant Lactobacillus casei cell cultures with purified Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase by 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-substituted-phenyl)-s triazines. Use of quantitative structure-activity relationships in making inferences about the mechanism of resistance and the structure of the enzyme is situ compared with the enzyme in vitro. AB - The inhibitory action of a set of 4,5-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(3 substituted-phenyl)-s-triazines on Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase is compared with their action on methotrexate-resistant and methotrexate-sensitive cell cultures by means of quantitative structure-selectivity analysis. The analysis uncovers major differences in the steric and hydrophobic interactions of the substituents X with the three different systems. Correlation analysis is used to define the hydrophobic binding site for 3-X in the isolated enzyme. This is shown to be similar to that of the sensitive cells but different from that in the resistant cells, which have a larger hydrophobic binding site. When X has the general structure 3-CH2ZC6H4-Y (Z = O or NH), it is shown that Y does not interact with the isolated enzyme, but in the living cells, Y interacts with a molecular barrier in a way that can be quantitatively related to the molar refractivity of X. The methotrexate-resistant cells are resistant to highly hydrophilic inhibitors such as methotrexate but are not able to resist hydrophobic inhibitors. The results with the inhibition of L. casei dihydrofolate reductase are compared with the inhibition of enzyme from bovine liver. PMID- 6796689 TI - Methotrexate analogues. 14. Synthesis of new gamma-substituted derivatives as dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors and potential anticancer agents. AB - The gamma-tert-butyl ester (1), gamma-hydrazide (2), gamma-n-butylamide (3), and gamma-benzylamide (4) derivatives of methotrexate (MTX) were synthesized from 4 amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid (APA) and the appropriate blocked L-glutamic acid precursors with the aid of the peptide bond forming reagent diethyl phosphorocyanidate. The affinity of these side chain modified products for dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Lactobacillus casei and L1210 mouse leukemic cells was determined spectrophotometrically or by competitive radioligand binding assay, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated against L1210 leukemic cells in culture. The results provide continuing support for the view that the "gamma terminal region" of the MTX side chain is an attractive site for molecular modification of this anticancer agent. PMID- 6796690 TI - 3-Phenylpiperidines. Central dopamine-autoreceptor stimulating activity. AB - Thirty compounds related to the selective dopamine-autoreceptor agonist 3-(3 hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpiperidine have been synthesized and tested for central dopamine-autoreceptor stimulating activity. The 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidine moiety seems indispensable for high potency and selectivity. Introduction of an additional hydroxyl group into the 4 position of the aromatic ring gives a compound with dopaminergic activity but lacking selectivity for autoreceptors. 3 (3-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-n-propylpyrrolidine, 3-(3-hydroxy)-N-n-propylperhydroazepine, and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)quinuclidine were all inactive. The most potent compounds were the N-isopropyl-, N-n-butyl-, N-n-pentyl-, and N-phenethyl-substituted 3-(3 hydroxyphenyl)piperidine derivatives. None of the compounds investigated seemed to have central noradrenaline- or serotonin-receptor stimulating activity. PMID- 6796691 TI - Analgesic narcotic antagonists. 9. 6-Methylene-8 beta-alkyl-N-(cycloalkylmethyl) 3-hydroxy- or -methoxymorphinans. AB - Series of N-(cyclopropylmethyl) (P series) or N-(cyclobutylmethyl) (B series) 3 methoxy (1) or 3-hydroxy (2) morphinan-6-ones with hydrogen (a), methyl (b), or ethyl (c) groups in the 8 beta position were converted to the 6-methylene compounds 3 or 4 by reaction with Ph3P = CH2. One member of this new series, N (cyclobutylmethyl)-8 beta-methyl-6-methylenemorphinan-3-ol (4Bb), had potent mixed agonist-narcotic antagonist properties and, in contrast to the previously studied 6-oxo compound 2Bb, did not substitute for morphine in dependent rats or monkeys. PMID- 6796692 TI - Interaction of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridylate with thymidylate synthetase. AB - The interaction of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridylate (5-ethynyl-dUMP; 1) with thymidylate (dTMP) synthetase has been investigated. The compound was an inhibitor of the enzyme, competitive with 2'-deoxyuridylate (dUMP) when the reaction was initiated by addition of enzyme (Ki = 2.7 X 10(-6) M). However, upon preincubation of 1 with dTMP synthetase, the inhibition pattern became noncompetitive. The time course of the enzyme reaction in the presence of 1 was nonlinear, indicating an increase in binding with time. Irreversible inactivation of the enzyme did not occur. The compound did not appear to become altered structurally as a result of interaction with the enzyme. A ternary complex was formed among dTMP synthetase, compound 1, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, which was stable enough to survive Sephadex G-25 filtration but dissociated upon denaturation of the enzyme. PMID- 6796693 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of bacteria in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. AB - Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of several facultative anaerobes were observed in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The presence of anaerobes affected these processes. Bacteroides asaccharolyticus and B. fragilis were killed by phagocytes only at bacterial concentrations less than 1 x 10(7) cfu/ml; at higher concentrations of the anaerobes, killing of B. fragilis and concomitant facultative anaerobes was inhibited. This effect appeared to be due to an interaction, in appropriate reducing conditions, between anaerobe and serum, which allowed engulfment of organisms by phagocytes but markedly impaired intracellular killing. PMID- 6796694 TI - Antibodies against antigens of Candida albicans in patients with fungaemia and bacteraemia, studied by ELISA, precipitation, passive haemagglutination and immunofluorescence techniques. AB - Antibodies against commercially available antigens of Candida albicans were assayed in 54 sera from 24 patients with fungaemia and in 66 sera from 33 patients with bacteraemia. In patients with persistent fungaemia, antibody was found during the week after the fungus was first cultured from the blood, but peak titres did not usually occur until the end of the second week. A significant rise in titre in C. albicans infection was observed in 50% of paired sera tested by passive haemagglutination (PHA), indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion (ID). The same percentage was obtained by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) against candida metabolic antigens, whereas it was increased to 88% when somatic antigens were used. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) demonstrated a rise of titre in 25, 75 and 50% of sera in IgM, IgG and IgA assays, respectively. Sera from patients with transient fungaemia demonstrated persistent antibody titres. In paired sera from patients with bacteraemia, ID and CIE titres were low (greater than or equal to 4). There was an increase of candida antibodies in 0-9% of patients by ELISA, ID or CIE and in 18-21% by PHA or IF. Clinically significant fungaemia was most reliably differentiated serologically from bacteraemia by CIE S-antigen and ELISA IgG assays. PMID- 6796696 TI - Neuroendocrine diagnostic test in psychiatry. PMID- 6796695 TI - Measurement of membrane potential in Bacillus subtilis: a comparison of lipophilic cations, rubidium ion, and a cyanine dye as probes. PMID- 6796697 TI - Determination of the secondary structure of Drosophila melanogaster 5 S RNA by hydroxymethyltrimethylpsoralen crosslinking. PMID- 6796698 TI - Role of membrane potential and calcium in chemotactic sensing by bacteria. PMID- 6796699 TI - Trp repressor protein controls its own structural gene. PMID- 6796700 TI - Chemoreceptor nerve and type A glomus cell activity following hypoxia, hypercapnia, or anoxia: a morphological study in the rat carotid body. PMID- 6796701 TI - Transmission of Sarcocystis rileyi to the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). PMID- 6796702 TI - Experimental transmission of Sarcocystis sp. (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae) between the shoveler (Anas clypeata) duck and the striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis). AB - Muscle containing macroscopic cysts of Sarcocystis sp. from naturally infected wild shoveler (Anas clypeata) ducks was fed to two captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). The skunks passed sporocysts in their feces beginning 19 and 22 days post-infection, and continued to pass small numbers of sporocysts sporadically to 63 and 51 days post-infection, respectively. Sporocysts from the skunks were administered orally to four laboratory-reared shovelers. No cysts were found in ducks examined 56 and 84 days post-infection. One duck examined at 85 days post-infection had many microscopic cysts in its skeletal muscle. The remaining duck had numerous small macroscopic cysts in muscle at 154 days post infection. A skunk fed muscle from this duck began to pass sporocysts on day 18 post-infection. All cysts in muscle (natural and experimental infection) had irregular cauliflower-like projections of the primary cyst wall. PMID- 6796703 TI - Free thyroxine levels in critically ill patients. A comparison of currently available assays. AB - Two indices of free thyroxine (T4) and four methods of free T4 measurement were compared in 85 patients with acute illness, hospitalized in intensive care units. All of the methods of free T4 measurement in critical illness were nonspecific, and two of the methods failed to suggest hypothyroidism in two patients with primary hypothyroidism and another associated critical illness. Since the ideal screening test should be both sensitive and specific, all tests for free T4 used in this study should be interpreted with caution in severely ill patients. PMID- 6796704 TI - Pharyngeal gonorrhea. AB - Cultures of genital sites and pharynx were obtained from 903 prostitutes and 102 active-duty men at Clark AFB, Republic of the Philippines, during the first quarter of 1981. Slightly more than 2.2% positive pharyngeal cultures in the women and 6% in the men were noted. Both penicillin-sensitive and penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were recovered. Treatment and follow-up of the pharyngeal infections were available only for the men seen at the Clark Public Health Clinic. These men responded to penicillin G procaine for penicillin sensitive N gonorrhoeae and to spectinomycin hydrochloride for PPNG. A retrospective review of cases of male gonococcal urethritis seen in 1980 in the Clark Public Health Clinic revealed 46 cases of probable oral-to-genital transfer of N gonorrhoeae among more than 2,600 cases of gonococcal urethritis. Of these 46, fifteen were PPNG. The importance of the pharynx as a source of infection is thus substantiated. PMID- 6796705 TI - Pharyngeal gonorrhea. PMID- 6796706 TI - Nationwide ALT testing to prevent non-A, non-B hepatitis still on hold. PMID- 6796707 TI - Pure red cell aplasia associated with sodium valproate therapy. AB - Pure red cell aplasia developed in a 9-year-old girl receiving sodium valproate therapy. Infection with measles and chickenpox had occurred two months previously. Regeneration of bone marrow erythroid precursors was demonstrated one month after drug withdrawal. Readministration of sodium valproate resulted in a second episode of red cell aplasia that again resolved promptly after drug withdrawal. The respective roles of infection and drugs in the etiology of red cell aplasia are discussed. PMID- 6796708 TI - The differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia. An algorithm for more effective use of laboratory tests. PMID- 6796709 TI - Advances in antiarrhythmic therapy. The role of newer antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 6796710 TI - Metabolism of parenteral glucose oligosaccharides in man. PMID- 6796711 TI - Long-term nutritional support as an adjunct to chemotherapy for breast cancer. AB - In recent years, the concept of nutritional support as a part of a comprehensive cancer management program has gained increasing acceptability. However, little data is available in regard to the effect of nutritional support programs on the chronic disease state represented by recurrent or persistent cancer that characterizes patients undergoing systemic chemotherapy. In 1977 we undertook to study this problem in a randomized prospective study designed to evaluate the effects of long-term (12 months) enteral nutritional support in a group of ambulatory breast cancer patients undergoing a standard cytotoxic chemotherapy treatment program, in an adjuvant or therapeutic setting. The results of this study suggest that patients with breast cancer are overweight as compared to the general population and that any significant change in initial body weight, either a gain or a loss, is associated with an increased risk of recurrent disease. Data are presented which show little or no correlation between standard parameters of nutritional assessment and risk of disease recurrence and/or response to chemotherapy. These data also suggest that until we better understand the relationship between tumor and host in breast cancer patients, we offer nutritional support programs only in situations where there are specific clinical indications for such interventions. PMID- 6796712 TI - Total parenteral nutrition with Vamin and Intralipid. AB - The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with a solution containing 10% fructose and 7% crystalline amino acid (Vamin), administered with equal volumes of a 10% soybean oil emulsion (Intralipid). The two solutions are available in separate sterile containers and therefore solution preparation is not required. Because the 10% Intralipid emulsion is isotonic, a central venous catheter is no required. Patients referred for TPN were randomly allocated to receive either the Vamin and Intralipid combination or a solution containing 2.5% L-amino acids (Travasol) and 25% dextrose. The efficacy of each solution was assessed by determining body composition of multiple isotope dilution, at the onset, at 2-week intervals during, and at the completion of, TPN. In 49 patients receiving Vamin and Intralipid, 109 body composition studies were performed to evaluate 61 periods of TPN of 14.6 +/- 0.5 days duration. One hundred and sixty-seven studies were performed in 73 patients receiving TPN with hypertonic dextrose to evaluate 92 periods of TPN of 15.3 +/- 0.5 days. In the absence of preexisting malnutrition, both solutions maintained body composition. In the presence of preexisting malnutrition, TPN with the Vamin and Intralipid combination maintained, but did not improve, body composition. However, TPN with the hypertonic dextrose solution resulted in a significant improvement in the nutritional state with an increase in the body cell mass, a accompanied by a contraction of the extracellular mass, accompanied by a contraction of the extracellular mass. Conventional TPN with 2.5% crystalline amino acids and hypertonic dextrose was superior to TPN with Vamin and Intralipid. PMID- 6796713 TI - Early postoperative nutritional support using the serosal tunnel jejunostomy. AB - A silicone rubber serosal tunnel jejunostomy for postoperative nutritional therapy was placed in 38 patients who had major operations. A dilute, chemically defined diet was begun within 48 hours of surgery and an attempt made to advance it slowly to full strength by the fifth day. No catheter-related complications occurred. Intravenous fluid therapy was shortened to less than three days in 11 (29%) patients. Only 17 (45%) patients tolerated full-strength feedings within the protocol time. Three (8%) patients depended on their tube feedings for over 30 days and the need for parenteral nutrition was avoided. Of six septic patients, four had complete intolerance of the diet; two of these developed massive gastric hypersecretion. Serum albumin was a statistically significant indicator of whether a patient could tolerate tube feedings. No patient with an albumin less than 3 g/dl tolerated full-strength feedings and the pded. Of six septic patients, four had complete intolerance of the diet; two of these developed massive gastric hypersecretion. Serum albumin was a statistically significant indicator of whether a patient could tolerate tube feedings. No patient with an albumin less than 3 g/dl tolerated full-strength feedings and the patients with albumin greater than 4 g/dl had no problems. Postoperative feeding utilizing the serosal tunnel jejunostomy is technically safe, but feeding difficulties can be anticipated in those patients who are septic or severely malnourished; these are the patients whose nutritional needs are the greatest. The greatest benefits accrue to those patients who are in need of long-term nutritional support. We recommend routine placement of these catheters in major operations. PMID- 6796714 TI - Hemodynamic effects of intravenous fat emulsions in patients with heart disease. AB - Two intravenous fat emulsions (Liposyn 10%, Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL, and Intralipid 10%, Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, CA) were evaluated in 13 adult patients following cardiopulmonary bypass procedures in a randomized, prospective, double-blind study to determine their overall hemodynamic effects. The fat emulsions were administered for 30 minutes, and each patient was his own control. Neither intravenous fat emulsion was observed to exert significant changes in left ventricular stroke work, left ventricular filling pressure, cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, mean systemic arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, or mean pulmonary artery pressure. This study confirmed that the administration of 10% fat emulsions available in the United States does not exert significant untoward hemodynamic changes, even in patients with severe cardiac impairment recovering from recent open heart surgery. PMID- 6796715 TI - Effect of glucose and/or branched chain amino acid infusion on plasma amino acid imbalance in chronic liver failure. AB - The characteristic amino acid pattern observed in chronic liver failure with high aromatic and low branched chain amino acid levels is considered to be consequent to increased muscle protein catabolism. The main catabolic stimulus has been attributed to hyperglucagonemia and to a reduced insulin/glucagon molar ratio. Intravenous administration of a solution containing branched chain amino acids and glucose to patients with chronic liver cirrhosis rapidly normalizes the plasma amino acid pattern. This effect may result from either a change in the insulin/glucagon ratio, induced by glucose, or from the anticatabolic influence of branched chain amino acids on muscle protein turnover. To discriminate between these two possibilities, a crossover study was carried out to determine the effect of a 24-hour infusion of either glucose alone, or glucose plus branched chain amino acids, in seven patients with chronic liver failure. Blood glucose, insulin, glucagon, free fatty acids, and amino acid levels were determined. Branched chain amino acids were much more effective than glucose (p less than 0.01) in decreasing the levels of aromatic amino acids. Conversely, the insulin, glucagon, and free fatty acid levels with glucose alone were not altered with the addition of branched chain amino acids. These findings suggest an anticatabolic effect of branched chain amino acids on muscle protein turnover and suggest that factors other than insulin and glucagon may be responsible for the characteristic plasma amino acid pattern present in chronic liver failure. PMID- 6796716 TI - Vitamin A and E requirements during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine rational dosages of vitamin A and E during long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Four kinds of vitamin prescriptions containing different amounts of vitamin A and E were prepared from commercially available products and/or hospital pharmacy products. Patients were divided into four groups according to the vitamin prescription used. Plasma vitamin levels of different patient groups were determined by a modified fluorimetric method and were compared with those of a normal subject group. The stability of vitamin A and E in TPN solution after admixing was determining by measuring the remaining vitamin contents by high pressure liquid chromatography. From the results, it was concluded that 1) about 50% of vitamin A was decomposed by sunlight (about 2000 lux) 3 hr after admixing and an orange-colored vinyl cover could protect its photodecomposition; 2) vitamin E was stable at any condition tested; 3) 2500 IU of vitamin A and 15 IU of vitamin E could meet the daily requirements; 4) the plasma levels of vitamin A and E were correlative (p less than 0.01); and 5) concomitant administration of vitamin E was essential to keep the poorer level of vitamin A in plasma. PMID- 6796717 TI - Trace metal abnormalities in adults during hyperalimentation. AB - Trace metal deficiencies are now a well-documented complication of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Zinc deficiency may present in a variety of ways including acrodermatitis skin lesions, impaired immunity, poor growth or impaired wound healing, and mental disturbances. Copper deficiency presents a more uniform picture of hematologic abnormalities, usually anemia with leukopenia and neutropenia. Chromium and selenium deficiencies occur much less frequently, but well-documented cases have been reported. We currently recommended regular monitoring and supplementation of these four trace metals during TPN administration. This article describes the clinical abnormalities that may develop when deficiencies of trace metals occur during TPN administration, and we present recommendations for trace metal supplementation during TPN administration. PMID- 6796718 TI - Leukemoid reaction associated with parenteral nutrition. AB - A hematological picture simulating that seen in cases of leukemia often occurs in a variety of conditions. We recently treated a patient who had a leukemoid reaction in the peripheral blood while he was on parenteral nutrition. Throughout the period of treatment with parenteral nutrition, an abnormal shift towards immaturity in the neutrophilic granulocytes was seen, and the degree of this shift appeared to depend on the caloric intake. Moreover, the hematological picture resembling that seen in cases of leukemia disappeared shortly after discontinuation of the parenteral nutrition, and immature cells were no longer apparent. We assumed that the excess glucose-related calories included in parenteral nutrition produced the leukemoid reaction in this patient who was being surgically treated for carcinoma of the colon with hepatic metastasis. PMID- 6796719 TI - An improved method for blood glucose control during nutritional support. AB - Hyperglycemia may be a considerable problem in ill patients receiving nutritional support. In these patients, the traditional 4- to 6-hourly urine sliding scale responds too slowly to changes in blood glucose, and marked hyperglycemia can occur. Regular bedside measurement of blood glucose makes control easier, but if insulin requirements change, the scale of doses must be reassessed and rewritten frequently. The problems may be overcome by the use of a scale of instructions for changing the rate of intravenous infusion from a syringe pump and the insulin concentration in the syringe. The same scale applies at all blood glucose levels and insulin doses. This method has been used in patients at risk from hyperglycemia on the Intensive Care Unit for over a year and has proved remarkably successful. Thirty-nine such patients had their blood glucose concentrations stabilized within a median time of 9 hours. In some patients, high doses of insulin were necessary, but no dangerous hyper- or hypoglycemia has occurred. A simple modification which improves safety without loss of good control has recently been included and used without difficulty in a further 12 patients. PMID- 6796720 TI - Computer applications to medical nutrition problems. AB - The uses and abuses of computers in relation to nutritional management of patients is reviewed. A standardized computer program is presented which can be applied to measuring nutrient intake for various age groups, for the control of outpatient intake, for intensive care units employing defined formulas for oral and parenteral nutrient intakes, for dietary management of chronic disease such as renal cases, and as an educational tool for instructing the operator in checking nutrient intakes. A single day's diet was submitted to 11 different computer programs for calculation of nutrient content. The wide range of values reported by different programs for certain nutrients in this menu (eg, copper, vitamin E, magnesium) warrants consideration by those using these values in research and for prescribing patient care. The system of dietary analysis provided in this publication offers advantages over more traditional coding systems with regard to ease of use, freedom from error, flexibility, and usable point-out, all being related to the use of English words for entering and reading of data. PMID- 6796721 TI - [A recovery case of aplastic anemia probably induced by gold salt (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796722 TI - [Development and clinical use of chemical immunomodulators]. PMID- 6796723 TI - [Normal and abnormal metabolism of trace metals]. PMID- 6796724 TI - [The natural mediators associated with inflammatory process (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796725 TI - [Metabolical and endocrinal study of anorexia nervosa unable to walk from starvation]. PMID- 6796727 TI - [A case of diverticular disease of the rectum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796726 TI - [Laser nephelometry of factor VIII - related antigen : for assay (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796728 TI - [Total body irradiation with linear accelerator for bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia and lymphosarcoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796729 TI - IgE antibody production to elastase toxoid of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice. PMID- 6796730 TI - [Clinico-pathological characteristics of chronic active hepatitis (non-B, non lupoid type) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796731 TI - [Effects of harman and norharman on the metabolism of aniline and p dimethylaminoazobenzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796732 TI - Effects of adjuvants on the immunogenicity of Habu-venom toxoid in the monkey and the guinea pig. AB - Incorporation of aluminum adjuvant as large an amount as 1 mg/ml (as Al) in immunization was required to produce high antibody titers against Habu-venom toxoid. The adjuvanticity of aluminum hydroxide was superior to that of aluminum phosphate. When used in combination with poly-L-lysine, a smaller amount of aluminum was needed to produce the same level of antibody titer as that produced with aluminum alone. PMID- 6796733 TI - [Urinary beta-gal, beta-glu activity in renal disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796734 TI - An evaluation of factors which affect circulating thyroid hormone levels in liver diseases. PMID- 6796735 TI - [Clinical evaluation of TBG concentration measured with radioimmunoassay kit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796736 TI - [Measurement of serum thyroxine-binding globulin by Immophase TBG radioimmunoassay test system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796737 TI - A comparison of the differential effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine and papaverine on contractures induced in vascular and intestinal smooth muscle by potassium and lanthanum. AB - To elucidate the mechanisms of smooth muscle relaxant effects of nitroglycerin, the effects of this substance on the potassium contracture (K+-contracture) and the lanthanum-induced contracture (La3+-contracture) were studied using smooth muscle preparations of the canine coronary artery and colon and the findings compared with the effects of nifedipine, a representative calcium antagonistic vasodilator. The effects of papaverine, a prototype smooth muscle relaxant, were also studied. La3+-contracture was induced in a calcium-free environment with the addition of lanthanum, an effective blocker of calcium influx. In the coronary artery, nitroglycerin produced a relaxation both of the La3+-contracture not K contracture in the colon was affected. Nifedipine did not relax the La3+ contracture in a range of doses at which K+-contracture of both types of smooth muscles was relaxed. Papaverine produced a relaxation of La3+-contracture as well as K+-contracture, in both types of smooth muscles. Unlike the mechanism related to the relaxant effects of nifedipine, which is generally admitted to be an inhibition of calcium influx, the relaxant effect of nitroglycerin was attribute to the suppression of calcium release from the intracellular store sites and/or stimulation of calcium uptake into the intracellular store-sites. Papaverine was assumed to produce a relaxation through augmentation of the calcium binding to the intercellular store sites for calcium as well as through inhibition of the calcium influx. PMID- 6796738 TI - The role of uterine tissue in changes of prostaglandin content in the rat ovary. AB - The role of uterine tissue in the changes of rat ovarian prostaglandin (PG) content was investigated. PGE and PGF levels in rat ovary were decreased to about one-fourth of control levels by hysterectomy, when the contents were determined on the day of estrus 4 days after surgery. Both the PGE and PGF contents in diestrous ovary 10 to 14 days after hysterectomy tended to be decreased, as compared with those in intact control (diestrus), but not significant difference was observed. Administration of estradiol to hysterectomized rats on the day of diestrus increased neither PGE nor PGF levels. Also with the administration of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, no increase in the PG contents was seen in the ovary of hysterectomized rats. The incorporation of 3H-arachidonic acid into the 3H-PGE and 3H-PGF fractions, expressed in terms of the organ, was much greater in the uterus than in the ovary. The incorporation of 3H-arachidonic acid into the 3H-PGE and 3H-PGF fractions in the ovary was higher on the day of estrus than on the day of diestrus. These results strongly suggest that the changes in the PG content in rat ovary may be regulated, at least in part, by uterine tissue. PMID- 6796739 TI - Acceleration of endogeneous PGI2 generation from isolated rat aortae by MK-447. PMID- 6796740 TI - Relationship between postoperative hypoxemia and the operative site. AB - The effect of the site of operation on postoperative hypoxemia was studied in 104 patients undergoing thoraco-abdominal, thoracic, upper abdominal, lower abdominal, extra-abdominal and non-thoracic operations. The degree of postoperative hypoxemia was the most extensive in patients undergoing thoraco abdominal, moderate in thoracic and upper abdominal operations, and minimal in lower abdominal and other operations. On the other hand, the duration of hypoxemia also differed with the surgical procedures. Arterial oxygen tension returned to almost control values by the 3rd postoperative day in cases of lower abdominal and extremity operations and by the 7th postoperative day in those undergoing thoracic and upper abdominal surgery. Postoperative hypoxemia, however, remained throughout the fourteen day study period, in patients undergoing thoraco-abdominal operation. True shunt was measured in 27 patients with thoraco-abdominal, thoracic and upper abdominal operations. An increase in true shunt was evident postoperatively in the entire group of patients. The increase was significantly larger and longer lasting in cases of thoraco abdominal incision than that in cases of thoracic and upper abdominal incision alone. Differences in postoperative true shunt between cases of thoracic and upper abdominal incisions were nil. PMID- 6796741 TI - Effects of intravenous fat emulsion administration on exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function. AB - A study was made of alterations in exocrine and endocrine function of the pancreas following infusion of a 10% fat emulsion preparation (Intralipid) into 5 patients after pancreaticoduodenectomy and in 5 dogs with a chronic pancreatic fistula. Pancreatic exocrine secretion was significantly increased by 18.3% in the volume, 27.5% in the output of bicarbonate in humans and 8.9% in the volume, 26.1% in the output of amylase, 7.6% in the output of bicarbonate in dogs, by intravenous administration of the fat emulsion. The administration of the fat emulsion was followed by slight to minimal changes in blood sugar, amylase and IRI. The blood IRG level was significantly elevated but showed small fluctuations. The increase in pancreatic exocrine secretion induced by the fat emulsion was considered not to be mediated by intrinsic hormones but rather to be due to other humoral mechanisms. PMID- 6796742 TI - New preparations of the elemental diet and the clinical application. AB - In 1978, we designed a new elemental diet, ED-AC, which modified after Vivonex-HN with the co-operation of Ajinomoto Co., Japan and Morton-Norwich Co., U.S.A.. ED AC is now being used widely in Japan for enteral hyper-alimentation, even in case of pediatric surgery. We have new prepared another elemental diet, this time for infants, ED-P (pediatric). The ratio of amino acids in both ED was determined according the proposal of Professor Goro Inoue, Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University. The application of ED, particularly for surgical patients, has been most effective. the use of this diet for enteral hyperalimentation should find a wide application in surgical and medical practice. PMID- 6796743 TI - Osteosarcoma patients: isolation of serum antibodies by affinity chromatography. AB - Antibodies specific for membrane-associated antigens of human osteosarcoma cells were isolated from sera of 12 patients with osteosarcoma (OS). Affinity columns were prepared by coupling purified membrane antigens from cultured human OS cell lines (TE-85 or LM) to CBrN-activated Sepharose 4B. The antigens were prepared by discontinuous sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation, papain digestion, and DEAE column chromatography. Diluted serum was passed over the affinity columns, and the adsorbed proteins were eluted with 2.5 M MgCl2 (pH 6.5). Immunodiffusion, indirect immunofluorescence, and complement fixation were used to assay antibody activity in the eluate. Specific anti-OS activity was found in the immunoglobulin (Ig) fraction isolated from the sera of the 12 OS patients, as confirmed by blocking experiments. No anti-OS antibody activity was found in sera from healthy individuals or patients with breast carcinoma, clear cell liposarcoma, or leukemia in this study. The anti-OS activity of the isolated Ig from OS patients was abolished after absorption with cultured human OS cells from lines LM, TE-85, or G292 but not after absorption with cells from lines WI-38 (embryonic lung), TE 32 (rhabdomyosarcoma), CAMA-1 or SW527 (breast carcinoma), or M-14 (melanoma). Absorption with rabbit antihuman IgG but not with rabbit antihuman IgM immunobeads completely eliminated the antibody activity. PMID- 6796744 TI - Effects of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy on ovarian function in women undergoing treatment for soft tissue sarcoma. AB - Ovarian function was evaluated in 11 women 16 to 43 years of age at treatment who received doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and high doses of methotrexate with or without radiotherapy in adjuvant therapy of soft tissue sarcoma. Five women (16 33 yr old) who received chemotherapy alone or combined with radiotherapy only at sites distant from the ovaries (chest wall, thigh, and leg) had minimal menstrual irregularities or temporary cessation of menses during therapy; cyclic menses returned promptly after therapy. Gonadotropin levels (expressed as means +/- SD [follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 10 +/- 5 mlU/ml; luteinizing hormone (LH), 10 +/- 4 mlU/ml] and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) levels (means +/- SD, 208 +/- 147 pg/ml) were normal. By contrast, 4 older women (ages 36-43 yr) who received similar treatment developed persistent amenorrhea with postmenopausal levels of gonadotropin (FSH, 108 +/- 29 mlU/ml; LH, 72 +/- 19 mlU/ml) and E2 (19 +/- 8 pg/ml). Two additional women (ages 21 and 39 yr) who received radiation (7,000 rad) to the pelvis plus chemotherapy developed prompt cessation of menses and became functional castrates (FSH, 77 and 80 mlU/ml; LH, 40 and 58 mlU/ml; E2, 10 and 19 pg/ml). However, this result would be expected from the radiation dose alone. The data demonstrated that ovarian dysfunction may follow the use of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and high doses of methotrexate and that the injury is age related. PMID- 6796745 TI - Urinary polyamine excretion during growth and regression of 1,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary carcinoma. AB - The correlation of urinary excretion of polyamines and tumor mass was examined with the use of a controlled experimental model. Mammary carcinoma growth was induced in Sprague-Dawley virgin rats by intragastric administration of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. Tumors were palpable after about 45 days. After a period of growth, regression of the estrogen-dependent tumors was induced by bilateral ovariectomy. Tumor volume and 24-hour urinary excretion of polyamines were measured during the course of tumor growth and regression. Urinary polyamines were analyzed after acid hydrolysis to determine the total amount of bound and free polyamines. Putrescine excretion followed closely the changes in tumor volume during the course of tumor growth and regression. Urinary spermidine excretion, however, remained essentially unchanged in ovariectomized rats; spermine was barely detectable in any of the urines. There was a high positive correlation between the 24-hour urinary putrescine excretion and urine volume. In nonovariectomized rats, the mammary tumor(s) continued to grow. An unexpected result of the advanced tumor progression was that urinary excretion of both putrescine and spermidine decreased steadily with time as did urine volume. This phenomenon may be due to the fact that complex disturbances of the host metabolism, manifested in decreasing body weight. PMID- 6796746 TI - [Respiratory hypoxia as a heart failure complication in patients with acquired heart defects operated on with artificial circulation and its treatment by artificial pulmonary ventilation with positive expiratory pressure]. AB - The pulmonary gas exchange was studied in 148 patients with prosthesis of the cardiac valves during progressing cardiac insufficiency. It was established that with the increase of cardiac insufficiency respiratory disorders also increase, mainly at the expense of the increase of the intrapulmonary arterio-venous shunting of the blood. The use of artificial lung ventilation with positive expiratory pressure in the post-operative period decreases intrapulmonary shunting, thus increasing the partial pressure and oxygen saturation of the arterial blood, and does not exert depressing action on the cardiac activity. PMID- 6796747 TI - Prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis by rat glomerular epithelial cells. AB - Isolated rat glomeruli have been shown to synthesize prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (Tx). In this study, we evaluated, by radioimmunoassay and radiochromatographic methods, PG and Tx synthesis by glomerular cells in culture. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed polygonal cells, attached by desmosomes, with surface microvilli. These features are typical of glomerular epithelial cells. Incubation of these glomerular epithelial cells with arachidonic acid (C20:4) resulted in an array of endproducts with concentrations of PGE2 greater than TxB2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than 6-keto-PGF1 alpha . Addition of angiotensin II (AII) to the cultured glomerular cell produced almost exclusive stimulation of PGE2 with PGE2 much much greater than PGF2 alpha greater than TxB2 = 6-keto-PGF1 alpha . AII and AIII (100 micrometer to 1 micrometer ) stimulated PGE2 in glomerular epithelial cells, and the increments of PGE2, as a function of the concentration of AII or AIII, were similar. The sar1-thr8-AII analog inhibited both AII- and AIII-stimulated PGE2 synthesis. The divalent cation ionophore A23187 in concentrations of 0.2 to 2.0 micrometer increased primarily PGE2 and TxB2 synthesis with smaller increases of PGF2 alpha and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha . The relative concentrations of PG and Tx produced by rat glomerular epithelial cells, incubated with C20:4 or A23187, were similar. Our results demonstrate that: (1) the predominant cell grown in culture from the rat glomerulus, after 9 days, is the epithelial cell; (2) this cell is capable of PG and Tx synthesis; (3) stimulation of PG by AII and AIII may be mediated by the same cellular receptor, AII and AIII increase primarily the synthesis of a vasodilatory PG, PGE2; (4) exogenous substrate C20:4 or release of endogenous C20:4 by the divalent cation ionophore A23187 not only stimulates PGE2 but also the vasoconstrictor TxA2; and (5) the PG and Tx endproducts synthesized by epithelial cells may be determined by an intracellular coupling of the specific synthetic enzymes with different pools of C20:4. PMID- 6796748 TI - Mechanism of volume expansion on citrate, ammonia, and acid excretion in the rat. AB - Potassium-depleted rats receiving sodium chloride or i.v. mannitol decrease their blood bicarbonate concentration isohydrically, reduce urinary citrate, and increase urinary ammonia excretion per milligram of urinary creatinine. To determine the mechanisms of these renal changes, we volume expanded normal rats with mannitol, normal saline, or saline bicarbonate solutions. Blood pH in each group remained constant, but blood bicarbonate fell significantly in the mannitol and saline-infused rats. In these two groups, urinary citrate per unit GFR decreased 27% and 25% (P less than 0.01) but urinary ammonia excretion per unit GFR increased 120% and 90% (P less than 0.01). By contrast, in saline bicarbonate rats, citrate excretion increased 27% and urinary ammonia excretion rose 29% (P greater than 0.2). Rats with metabolic acidosis given saline did not alter blood pH or bicarbonate. Citrate excretion per unit GFR increased 150% (P less than 0.02) but urinary ammonia excretion rose insignificantly by 11%. Calculated net tubular reabsorption of citrate increased in the mannitol and saline-infused rats. The rise in urinary pH in these two groups during expansion suggest that renal ammonia production was also increased. We conclude that volume expansion changes renal citrate and ammonia metabolism by isohydrically reducing blood bicarbonate concentration, thereby demonstrating another effect of bicarbonate, independent of pH, on renal metabolism. PMID- 6796749 TI - [Bile-draining operations in mechanical jaundice due to focal liver lesions]. PMID- 6796750 TI - Catecholamines, renin, aldosterone, and blood volume during chronic minoxidil therapy. AB - Several pressor factors were studied before and during chronic minoxidil therapy (median dose 27.5 mg/day) in 16 patients with hypertension that was refractory to conventional drugs. Following treatment with minoxidil and intensified diuretic therapy, blood pressure was decreased markedly; pulse rate, body weight, plasma volume, plasma aldosterone and epinephrine levels were not significantly altered, while plasma renin activity tended to be increased. Supine and upright plasma norepinephrine concentrations were increased by 140 (P less than 0.005) and 50% (P less than 0.05), respectively, but no significant change in urinary norepinephrine excretion was apparent. The latter parameter may not be a close index of sympathetic activity in patients with severe hypertension treated with minoxidil. While a search for underlying pheochromocytoma is always indicated in refractory hypertension, it appears mandatory to evaluate plasma catecholamines prior to or following discontinuation of treatment with minoxidil, to avoid a wrong diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. PMID- 6796751 TI - [Lactate acidosis from vitamin B1 deficiency (author's transl)]. AB - This is report of a patient receiving preoperatively parenteral nutrition free of vitamin B1. Intraoperatively a severe lactate acidosis developed. This specific metabolic disorder was normalized only by adequate vitamin B1 substitution. Therefore one has to consider vitamin B1 deficiency as another cause of metabolic acidosis. PMID- 6796752 TI - [Clinical manifestations and treatment of patients with acute brucellosis caused by Br. abortus]. PMID- 6796754 TI - Mild variant of argininosuccinic aciduria. AB - A 7 and one half-year-old boy with a massive excretion of argininosuccinic acid is described. He exhibited only moderate mental retardation, cerebellar ataxia and both abnormal hair and skin. Argininosuccinate lyase activity in the erythrocytes of his parents and his sister was in the range expected for heterozygotes. The patient was put on a low protein diet with arginine supplementation and improved clinically and biochemically on this regime. The variability of the phenotypic expression of argininosuccinate lyase deficiency is stressed. PMID- 6796755 TI - Leigh's disease with decreased activities of pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate decarboxylase. AB - In a patient with the clinical symptoms of Leigh's disease a partial deficiency of hepatic pyruvate carboxylase and pyruvate decarboxylase was found at necropsy. Cerebral pyruvate decarboxylase activity was also diminished. All enzyme activities were measured in total homogenates. The finding of typical necrotic lesions in the brain stem was consistent with the clinical diagnosis. During life moderate lactic acidaemia and no hypoglycaemia were observed, but an abnormal organic acid excretion pattern was present. The contribution of the enzyme defects to the aetiology of the disease is discussed. PMID- 6796753 TI - [Epileptic and hysterical seizures after cranio-cerebral trauma]. PMID- 6796756 TI - Late onset phenylalanine intoxication. PMID- 6796757 TI - Studies on pyruvate carboxylase from cultured human fibroblasts and amniotic fluid cells. AB - The properties of pyruvate carboxylase in cultured human fibroblasts were investigated. A pH optimum around pH 7.6 was found in Tris buffer at 37 degrees C. The apparent Km for pyruvate and bicarbonate were 0.22 mmol/l and 2.1 mmol/l respectively. The activity of the crude homogenate was most stable at room temperature. The major end product was identified as citric acid during the assay conditions used. During growth the specific activity increased from 0.5 to 2 nmol/min per mg protein. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase in the crude homogenate from cultured human fibroblasts was 0.76 +/- 0.12 nmol/min per mg protein, while the activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells was 0.66 +/- 0.17 nmol/min per mg protein, suggesting the possibility of prenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 6796758 TI - Beta-glucuronidase deficiency: enzyme studies in an affected family and prenatal diagnosis. AB - A beta-glucuronidase deficiency found in serum, leukocytes and fibroblasts and an increased [35S]sulphate incorporation in fibroblasts led us to diagnose two cases of type VII mucopolysaccharidosis in one family. In spite of the wide distribution of activities in serum from controls, decreased beta-glucuronidase activity allowed us to demonstrate the heterozygous status of the parents and two other children. Following these studies, and antenatal diagnosis was performed when the mother was pregnant again; amniotic fluid and cultured amniotic cells were used for enzyme activity determination. A heterozygous fetus was suspected and confirmed after birth. The reliability of various biological materials for enzymatic diagnosis and existence of genetic variants in the normal population are discussed. PMID- 6796759 TI - Biochemical studies in the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger: a disturbance in the metabolism of pipecolic acid. AB - The metabolism of pipecolic acid ahs been studied in three patients suffering from the cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome of Zellweger. A marked pipecolic aciduria was observed in these patients and serum levels of pipecolic acid were also elevated. From in vivo studies evidence was obtained that a disturbance in the catabolic pathway of pipecolic acid was present in all patients. This conclusion was based on the delayed return of the serum pipecolic acid concentration to the fasting concentration after oral loading of the patients with DL-pipecolic acid. Moreover, no increase in the excretion of alpha-amino adipic acid was observed in the patients after loading, in contrast with the control subjects, who showed a marked increase in the excretion of this metabolite of pipecolic acid. Further evidence for the presence of a metabolic defect in the catabolism of pipecolic acid was obtained from the observation that patients excreted significantly higher amounts of pipecolic acid during the loading experiment. PMID- 6796760 TI - Hypercholesterolaemia type II: changes in plasma insulin and glucagon levels after portacaval shunt. AB - Insulinaemia and glucagonaemia were measured in two cases of hypercholesterolaemia type II, before and after portacaval shunt. The results show an increase of both hormones although these variations are not concomitant with the decrease in cholesterolaemia. The data still do not explain the mechanism of the decrease. PMID- 6796761 TI - Results of screening for phenylalanine and other amino acid disturbances among pregnant women. AB - Blood specimens were collected from 15000 pregnant women during the first 3 months of their pregnancy and screened for amino acid disturbances by means of paper chromatography. A high incidence of disturbances in the phenylalanine metabolism was discovered: three cases of mild hyperphenylalaninaemia without phenylpyruvicaciduria (incidence 1:5000); two cases of mild hyperphenylalaninaemia with phenylpyruvicaciduria (incidence 1:7550); four cases of mild phenylketonuria (incidence 1:3750). Disturbances in the metabolism of other amino acids were found to be rare. Metabolic and genealogical findings in some detected families are briefly described. PMID- 6796762 TI - Propionic acidaemia presenting with pancytopaenia in infancy. AB - A 2-month-old infant presented with vomiting, lethargy and pancytopaenia. She was found to have propionic acidaemia, and the activity of propionyl-CoA carboxylase in cultured fibroblasts was defective (McKusick 23200). Abnormal amounts of glycine, 3-hydroxypropionate, methylcitrate, tiglyglycine, propionylglycine, 2 methylacetoacetate, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, 3-oxovalerate and 3 hydroxyvalerate were found in body fluids. It appears that the organic acidaemia leads to an inhibition in the maturation of cells in the bone marrow. PMID- 6796763 TI - Comparison of the substrate 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-l-iduronide with phenyl alpha-L-iduronide for the diagnosis of Hurler's disease in cultured cells. AB - 4-Methylumbelliferyl-alpha-l-iduronide provided a more sensitive method than phenyl-alpha-l-iduronide for the estimation of alpha-l-iduronidase in cultured cells and could be used to diagnose Hurler's disease. The 4-methylumbelliferyl derivative was no more useful than the phenyl derivative for the detection of heterozygotes. All ten lysosomal enzymes tested could be used as reference enzymes when cell extracts were prepared by freeze/thawing in formate buffer pH 3.5 containing 150 mmol/l sodium chloride. PMID- 6796764 TI - Observations indicating the nature of the mutation in phenylketonuria. AB - Rabbit antiserum was prepared against purified normal human liver phenylalanine hydroxylase. This was used to test for cross-reacting material in crude extracts of livers from patients with classical phenylketonuria (PKU); the samples from patients were two livers obtained at autopsy and a needle biopsy core. None of these enzymically inactive livers contained detectable cross-reacting material capable of neutralizing antibody activity in double immunodiffusion and/or enzyme inhibition experiments. In an earlier study, no phenylalanine hydroxylase was found in the two autopsy PKU livers by an affinity chromatography method or by the use of a specific antiserum raised against purified monkey liver phenylalanine hydroxylase (Choo et al., 1979a). This evidence suggests that mutations in th PKU patients studied may be regulatory in nature. PMID- 6796765 TI - Trimethylaminuria. AB - We describe the case of an otherwise healthy 7-year-old girl whose mother noticed that she intermittently smelt of fish. This was due to the intermittent excretion of trimethylamine which could be precipitated by choline ingestion and by eating fish. Excluding eggs, liver and salt-water fish from the diet relieved the symptom. After a standard 15 g choline load, the child's father, but not her mother, excreted amounts of trimethylamine which were intermediate between those excreted by the patient and normal control subjects. PMID- 6796766 TI - Alpha-aminoadipic aciduria: chemical and enzymatic studies. AB - A new case of alpha-aminoadipic aciduria had an apparent immunodeficiency and died at the age of 4 months. The urine contained large amounts of alpha aminoadipate and smaller quantities of alpha-keto- and alpha-hydroxyadipate. Post mortem, the highest concentrations of alpha-aminoadipate were found in liver and kidney. Enzymatic studies on liver and cultured fibroblasts failed to demonstrate the expected deficiency of alpha-amino-adipate aminotransferase, a result perhaps explicable by the presence of cytoplasmic aminotransferase activity. PMID- 6796767 TI - Possible explanation for hyperglycinaemia in propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic acidaemia: propionate and methylmalonate inhibit liver and brain mitochondrial clycine transport. AB - The effect of propionate and methylmalonate on the transport of glycine into rat liver and brain mitochondria was investigated. Both propionate and methylmalonate markedly inhibited mitochondrial glycine transport. These compounds also inhibited 14CO2 production from [14C]glycine by isolated brain and liver mitochondria and glycine metabolism in rat brain cortex slices. These results are discussed with reference to hyperglycinaemia associated wtih propionic acidaemia and methylmalonic acidaemia and as a possible contributory factor to the pathological mechanisms in these conditions. PMID- 6796768 TI - Organic acidaemia and Hyperammonaemia: review. AB - Recent clinical and experimental evidence on the effects of organic acids in producing or ameliorating hyperammonaemia is reviewed. The importance of hepatic mitochondrial N-acetylglutamate and its precursors, glutamate and acetyl-CoA, in the control of ureagenesis and thus blood ammonia levels is emphasized by recent work. The hypothesis is proposed that protein loads stimulated urea cycle activity via glutamate-induced changes in N-acetylglutamate concentration, while the effects of organic acids on ureagenesis are related in a predictable way to their effects on hepatic concentrations of acetyl-CoA. PMID- 6796769 TI - Studies on human phenylalanine Mono-oxygenase. I. Restricted expression. AB - Enzyme assays for phenylalanine mono-oxygenase have been performed on a variety of non-hepatic human cell types under varying conditions. The cell types studied were cultured fibroblasts, short-term lymphocyte cultures, long-term lymphoblastoid cultures, cultured amniotic fluid cells, hair roots and placental extracts. The cultured cells were assayed after growth under standard conditions and in the presence of a high concentration of substrate, a low concentration of end-product, added hydrocortisone or dexamethasone and under combinations of these conditions. In no instance was a significant enzyme activity obtained. PMID- 6796770 TI - S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase activity in a lymphoblastoid cell line from a patient with adenosine deaminase dificiency disease. AB - S-Adenosylhomocysteine (S-AdoHcy) hydrolase activity in a lymphoblastoid cell line from a patient with adenosine deaminase deficiency disease (ADA(-)LCL) was found to be approximately 60% of that in ADA (+)lymphoblastoid cell lines. S AdoHcy hydrolase of ADA(-)LCL was more sensitive to inhibition by 2' deoxyadenosine as compared with that of ADA(+)LCL. The inhibitory effect of 2' deoxyadenosine was evident in cell growth and immunoglobulin production of lymphoblastoid cell lines. PMID- 6796771 TI - Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase variants: correlation of clinical phenotype with enzyme activity. AB - A deficiency of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase(HGPRT) is associated with a varying clinical picture which may include hyperuricaemia, neurological abnormalities and bizarre self-mutilating behaviour. Due to technical problems with the usual in vitro enzyme assays, it has not been possible to establish a correlation between the degree of the enzyme deficiency and the severity of the clinical manifestations. In this study, the HGPRT activity of 12 patients with various clinical features was measured by quantitative analysis of the incorporation of radioactive precursors into purine compounds in intact fibroblasts. The results demonstrate that a correlation between the severity of the clinical symptoms and the degree of the enzyme deficiency as measured in intact fibroblasts does in fact exist. PMID- 6796773 TI - The adult presenting idiopathic Fanconi syndrome. AB - The adult presenting Fanconi syndrome is a rare familial disorder. A 30-year follow-up of one of the original families in the literature is reported here. Two important points have emerged. Firstly, the inheritance in this family is dominant, not recessive as originally suggested, and there remains no good example in the literature of a recessive inheritance of this disorder. Second, in this family lactic aciduria and tubular proteinuria are probably the earliest manifestations of the disorder in childhood, with glycosuria and aminoaciduria developing in the second decade and osteomalacia from the start of the fourth decade. Glomerular function deteriorates slowly but is compatible with a normal lifespan. PMID- 6796772 TI - Urinary pyrimidine excretion in arginase deficiency. AB - A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method was used to separate and identify uracil, uridine, pseudouridine and orotic acid after preliminary extraction in two patients (McKusick 20780). Urinary uracil excretion was 10-35 times normal in both patients with arginase deficiency. Uridine and orotic acid, not normally detected, were excreted in large amounts and were directly influenced by protein intake. Their excretions were correlated with urinary arginine excretion. Urinary uracil levels remained consistently high and showed minimal variations with increased protein intake or urinary arginine levels. The measurement of urinary pyrimidines appears to be useful for the detection, differential diagnosis and dietary monitoring of patients with urea cycle disorders. The data presented extends this observation to include patients with arginase deficiency. PMID- 6796774 TI - Renal Histidinuria. AB - One patient with abnormal histidinuria and a normal plasma histidine concentration is presented. This patient had myoclonic seizures like another patient previously reported with histidinuria. The effect of a peroral histidine loading test was studied. The relationship between renal histidinuria and neurological abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 6796775 TI - Combined deficiency of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase: three affected siblings in a French family. AB - Three affected siblings from France have been described with a combined deficiency of beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase. Oligosaccharides were found in urine and the enzyme activities determined in leukocytes and cultured fibroblasts. Further characterization of the defect in this family is needed. PMID- 6796776 TI - Formiminoglutamic aciduria in a slightly retarded boy with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - A 2-year-old boy excreted massive amounts of formiminoglutamic acid in urine. The substance was identified as authentic formiminoglutamic acid by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, column chromatography and enzymatic determination. After alkaline hydrolysis the substance was converted to glutamic acid. Serum amino acid concentrations were normal. The patient had normal serum and erythrocyte folate levels. The red blood cell picture was normal. The leukocytes showed slight hypersegmentation. From the age of 3 months he exhibited recurrent otitis media and severe pulmonary infections. He had a peculiar narrow-headed look and marked universal hypotonia. The mental development was slightly retarded. Glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency is postulated. The findings lend support to the theory of glutamate formiminotransferase deficiency being a rather benign disorder of metabolism. PMID- 6796778 TI - Evidence of lack of toxicity of sodium phenylacetate and sodium benzoate in treating urea cycle enzymopathies. PMID- 6796777 TI - Aspartylglycosaminuria in an Italian family: clinical and biochemical characteristics. AB - Two members of a consanguineous Italian family are described with symptoms of aspartylglycosaminuria. Both patients exhibit mental retardation, some facial dysmorphism and discrete radiological abnormalities affecting the skull and vertebrae. Peripheral blood smears revealed multi-vacuolated lymphocytes. Enzyme studies in leukocytes showed an absence of aspartylglucosaminidase activity. Urine analysis demonstrated abnormal oligosacchariduria. Angiokeratoma corporis diffusum was observed in one patient. The disease is seen as not being limited to Scandinavia or to patients of Scandinavian descent. PMID- 6796779 TI - A sub-picogram competitive protein-binding method for biotinyloestrone. PMID- 6796781 TI - Theory and Measurement of the buffer value of bicarbonate in saliva. PMID- 6796780 TI - Comparison of rheumatoid synovial microsomes and bovine seminal vesicle microsomes for determining the relative potencies of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6796782 TI - Presumed carbaminoprotein equilibria and free energy exchanges in reversible carbon dioxide narcosis of protoplasm. PMID- 6796783 TI - Radionuclide measurement of left ventricular volume. AB - Count rates observed at end-diastole and end-systole in the region of the left ventricle on gated radionuclide angiograms were correlated with corresponding estimates by biplane contrast angiography of left ventricular volumes in 37 patients. When count rates were normalized for number of cardiac cycles processed, time per frame, isotope decay, and count rate observed in venous blood after equilibrium, there was a strong correlation between normalized left ventricular count rate and contrast angiographic volume, whether the venous sample was counted in a well counter or with the use of the same gamma camera. The latter technique was judged easier and more accurate. The derived regression equations yielded a good estimate of ventricular volume from left ventricular count rates when prospectively compared with contrast angiographic volumes in a further 17 patients. Interobserver variability of both the radionuclide and the contrast angiographic estimate of the left ventricular volume was similar. Changes in left ventricular stroke volume induced by sublingual administration of nitroglycerin as measured by the radionuclide method correlated reasonably with corresponding changes in stroke volume measured by the dye-dilution method. It is concluded that left ventricular volumes obtained noninvasively by the radionuclide technique were accurate and were subject to the same interobserver variability as the contrast angiographic technique. PMID- 6796784 TI - Heterosis for H1 histone content in aging Drosophila hybrids. AB - Temporal changes in electrophoretically separated histones were investigated in a heterotic and a non-heterotic Drosophila melanogaster F1 hybrid and in their respective inbred parents. Histones were acid-extracted from isolated nuclei of larvae and of adult flies at selected age intervals. Five major histone fractions were identified, and distinct quantitative differences in H1 histones were found between early third instar larvae and adults. Age-related quantitative histone differences were also apparent when hybrids were compared with parents. Heterotic hybrids maintained a significantly higher proportion of H1 histone fractions with aging than did all parents or non-heterotic hybrids. Relative H1 histone quantity in non-heterotic hybrids paralleled the decline observed in parents. These data suggest a relation between the manifestation of hybrid vigor and the maintenance of chromatin structure during the aging process. PMID- 6796785 TI - Intestinal microflora and aging: age-related change of enzymes in the liver and the small intestine of germ-free and conventional rats. AB - The activities of various enzymes involved in detoxication and carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and the gastrointestinal tract of germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) rats, 8 and 40 weeks' old, were measured in relationship to intestinal microflora and aging. In 8-week-old rats, the activities of nitroreductase (NR) and aniline hydroxylase (AH) in the liver, and of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), maltase and lactase in the duodenum were higher in GF than in CV rats, but the activities of arginosuccinate synthetase (ASS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the liver were higher in CV than in GF rats. In 40-week old rats, the activities of NR and glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) of the liver and ALP, maltase and lactase of the duodenum were higher in GF than in CV rats, but those of ASS, UDP-glucuronyl transferase (UDP-GT), AH, beta glucuronidase, and LDH of the liver were higher in CV than in GF rats. Compared between 8- and 40-week-old rats the activities of NR, beta-glucuronidase, LDH, and acid phosphatase increased with aging in both GF and CV rats. The specific activities of ASS in CV and UDP-GT and AH in GF rats decreased with aging. The total activities of ASS and AH in GF rats also decreased with aging. The activities of ALP, maltase and lactase decreased with aging in both GF and CV rats. Thus, these data suggested that there are influences of indigenous intestinal microflora and aging on the activities of various enzymes in the liver and gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6796786 TI - Thyrotropin releasing factor: radioimmunoassay and distribution in biological fluids and tissues. AB - The histidine residue of thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF, pGlu-His-Pro-NH2) offers the possibility of conjugating TRF to a macromolecule to produce TRF antibodies. The antibodies thus raised detect changes in pGlu and Pro-NH2 residues and have broadly similar crossreactivity patterns. The histidine residue also provides the possibility of incorporating radioiodine in the molecule. Cation exchange chromatography separates [125I2]-TRF from [125I]-TRF and TRF and produces tracer for TRF radioimmunoassay. Although TRF antisera are specific, many normal tissue constituents and chemical compounds, when present in high concentrations, interfere with TRF radioimmunoassays, leading to artificially high TRF levels. Hence to obtain reliable results the interfering compounds have to be removed before TRF is measured by radioimmunoassay. The quantities of immunoreactive TRF found in various rat tissue extracts are as follows: neonatal pancreas, hypothalamus, posterior pituitary 200-600 pg/mg; brain stem, spinal cord, neonatal hypothalamus 50-200 pg/mg; and cerebellum, cerebrum, placenta, pancrease, intestine 0.1-50 pg/mg. TRF is undetectable (below 0.1 pg/mg) in extracts of peripheral nerves, liver, lungs and kidneys. The bulk of the TRF immunoreactivity in pancreatic and brain extracts elutes in reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with gradient elution like synthetic TRF, suggesting that most of the TRF immunoreactivity is due to pGlu-His-Pro-NH2. No firm conclusion can be drawn about the possible function of TRF in extrahypothalamic tissues, and special attention should be given to the characterization of the immunoreactive material. PMID- 6796787 TI - Noradrenaline and dopamine interaction in rat brain during development. AB - The effects of systemic treatment of newborn rats with the catecholamine neurotoxins 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) or N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2 bromobenzylamine (DSP4) on the central dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurons were studied using neurochemical techniques. Both neurotoxins cause similar alterations of the postnatal development of the NA neurons with a pronounced NA denervation in the cerebral cortex and a NA hyperinnervation in the pons-medulla. The results did not show any neurotoxic action of neonatal 6-OH-DA or DSP4 treatment on the DA neurons. The tyrosine hydroxylase inhibition model was used to evaluate catecholamine turnover. The data showed a reduced DA turnover both in the cerebral cortex and striatum in young rats (12 days old) after neonatal 6-OH-DA or DSP4 treatment. After 6-OH-DA this effect could be blocked by pretreatment with the NA uptake blocker desipramine, which also prevented the 6-OH-DA induced alteration of the development of NA neurons. No clear-cut effect on DA turnover was seen in the adult stage after neonatal 6-OH DA or DSP4, although a reduced DA turnover was observed in the cortex after an acute DSP4 treatment in adult rats. The results show that NA nerve terminals originating in the locus coeruleus NA neurons may be involved in regulating the functional activity of the DA nerve terminals both in the cerebral cortex and the striatum. This regulation appears to be facilitatory in nature and is present early in development. PMID- 6796788 TI - Determining health insurance coverage of technology: problems and options. AB - By deciding which medical procedures are eligible for reimbursement, health insurance programs possess the potential to affect significantly technology use and health care spending. Traditionally, insurers have adopted a passive stance and made relatively few negative coverage determinations. However, resistance to rapidly rising costs has created a powerful inducement for third-party payors to become more prudent purchasers of health care services. Consequently, both Medicare and Blue Cross--Blue Shield are considering the implementation of changes that may ultimately result in more restrictive coverage decisions. This article examines the coverage process of Medicare and Blue Cross--Blue Shield and the policy changes that both programs are considering. In addition, it discusses the strengths and drawbacks of four coverage policy options: restricting insurance coverage of unproven procedures, introducing cost-effectiveness criteria, educating physicians and educating consumers. PMID- 6796789 TI - [Combined effect of cephalosporins and aminoglycoside antibiotics on strains of group D streptococci]. PMID- 6796790 TI - Alterations in the corneal surface relief and the activity of lysosomes in the course of experimental herpetic keratitis in rabbits. PMID- 6796791 TI - Plasma cell dyscrasias. Part I: Fluorescein angiography findings. PMID- 6796792 TI - Keratomalacia in acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE). PMID- 6796793 TI - [Neurofibromatosis in children]. PMID- 6796794 TI - [Immunohematologic blood testing of pregnant women and of women in childbed conducted in the Blood Transfusion Institute of S.R. Croatia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796795 TI - Fungal metabolism of (-)-deprenyl and pargyline. PMID- 6796796 TI - Antimicrobial activity of juncusol, a novel 9-10-dihydrophenanthrene from the marsh plant Juncus roemerianus. PMID- 6796797 TI - On the mechanisms of fatty acid transformations in membranes. AB - Concentrations of albumin in excess of 1% in the incubation mixture inhibited the elongation of added fatty acids and their incorporation into microsomal lipids whereas these reactions were not inhibited with endogenous microsomal membrane fatty acids. The results of these and other studies support the idea that such reactions of membrane lipid fatty acids with membrane-bound enzymes normally occur entirely within the membrane without release of free fatty acids to equilibrate with the fatty acid pool during the process. PMID- 6796798 TI - Production of prostaglandins in homogenates of kidney medullae and cortices of spontaneously hypertensive rats fed menhaden oil. AB - Menhaden oil (MO), whose polyunsaturated fatty acids consist mainly of (n-3) fatty acids, was fed to spontaneously hypertensive rats to determine the effect of (n-3) fatty acid on the in vitro production of prostaglandins produced from arachidonic acid (20:4[n-6]). Capacity to form PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was impaired in homogenates of kidney medullae and cortices from rats fed the MO diet compared to rats fed the control diet. The lower amounts of diene prostaglandins produced corresponded to the decrease in the amount of 20:4 (n-6) in the tissue. Possibly changes produced in tissue lipids by dietary fatty acids affect prostaglandin production by reducing the availability of substrate in tissue lipids. PMID- 6796799 TI - [Simplified methods for detection of proteino-caloric malnutrition in child (author's transl)]. AB - This paper emphasized proteino-caloric malnutrition (P.C.M.) frequency in the Third-World (in developing countries (i.c. kwashiorkor, marasmus, kwashiorkor associated with marasmus. It is consequently necessary to define some methods of detection able to cope with the conditions prevailing in this part of the world. The conventional classifications and methods of detection appear too sophisticated. These methods mostly rely on body-weight for each age group. But even this apparently simple control is often impossible: lack of scales, ignorance of educated assistants of the true age of the children. The author presents a simple and clinical method, requiring no medical appliance. It appreciates autophagy, main sign of malnutrition by estimating the brachial perimeter, the tricipital cutaneous fold, the volume of fatty and muscular masses in the buttocks and in the face, and by detecting the kwashiorkor oedema. After this first screening, a more accurate classification can be established in nutritional rehabilitation centers. This method has two requisites even if available means are poor: necessity of mass surveys and constant efforts to reach the young patients. PMID- 6796800 TI - [The roentgen-optical and clinical properties of peritrast]. PMID- 6796801 TI - Glucose oxidation in relation to the size of the oral glucose loading dose. AB - Using "naturally labeled 13C-glucose" the conversion to expired air CO2 of 100, 66 and 33 g oral glucose loads was evaluated, during 7 hr, in 6 male healthy volunteers. The total amounts of exogenous glucose converted to expired air CO2 were proportional to the loading doses and averaged, in g/7 hr, 14.6 +/- 2.1 for 33 g, 20.8 +/- 2.1 for 66 g and 31.2 +/- 1.6 for 100 g. In contrast total glucose oxidation, evaluated by indirect calorimetry, was similar in the three groups and was not correlated with the dose of glucose given. The plasma insulin response was significantly correlated with the load of glucose (r = 0.86; p less than 0.001) whereas such correlation was not observed with the blood glucose response. Comparison with data available in the literature on the influence of the size of the oral glucose load on endogenous glucose production and on splanchnic glucose output suggests that the greater oxidation of exogenous glucose seen when the oral load of glucose is increased essentially results from a greater enrichment of the systemic glucose pool with exogenous glucose. PMID- 6796802 TI - The influence of intravenous nutrition on protein dynamics following surgery. PMID- 6796803 TI - Protein determination in membrane and lipoprotein samples: manual and automated procedures. PMID- 6796804 TI - Bioluminescent assay for lipase, phospholipase A2, and phospholipase C. PMID- 6796805 TI - 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and related compounds. PMID- 6796806 TI - Studies on calcium transport during growth and sporulation. AB - Experiments have been carried out to determine whether the active uptake of Ca2+ by sporulating Bacillus megaterium cells is driven by the pH gradient across the plasma membrane or by the membrane potential delta psi. Results from experiments using the ionophores nigericin and valinomycin which respectively dissipate the delta pH and the membrane potential, suggest that Ca2+ uptake during sporulation is driven by delta psi. It is further suggested that calcium is transported across the membrane via an antiport system in exchange for one or more protons. Arsenate and an inhibitor reported to be specific for membrane-bound ATPase, efrapeptin, have been used in other experiments to probe the role of ATP generation in calcium transport. PMID- 6796807 TI - A synergistic increase in Bacillus subtilis 168 transformation produced by the presence of heterologous W23 DNA. AB - Transformations utilizing a 168-like recipient and mixtures of homologous and heterologous DNA lead to an unexpected increase in the number of transformants when the two DNAs are in equal concentration. The absolute requirement for native heterologous DNA to produce the effect was demonstrated. The increase may be due to a helping effect analogous to that found in Streptococcus. PMID- 6796808 TI - [Possibility of using nutrient media dialysates for culturing Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6796809 TI - [Relationship of Pseudomonas maltophilia alkaline phosphatase to its membranes]. AB - The localization of alkaline phosphomonoesterase (EC 3.1.3.1) was studied in two Pseudomonas species: P. maltophilia VKM B-591 and P. aeruginosa VKM B-889. The former species is characterized by constitutive synthesis of alkaline phosphatase, and its level is not regulated by orthophosphate in the medium. The enzyme of the latter species is orthophosphate-repressible. The two species differ also in the localization of the enzyme in the cell. Under the conditions of derepression (the absence of inorganic phosphate from the medium), the enzyme of the repressible strain of P. aeruginosa is actively synthesized on the membranes and secreted into the medium. Most of the enzyme activity (80--90%) is found in the cultural broth 4 h after phosphorus starvation. In P. maltophilia, 90% of the synthesized enzyme is found in the membrane fraction irrespective of the incubation time under the same conditions. Apparently, a correlation exists between the regulation of alkaline phosphatase synthesis and the localization of the enzyme. It is likely that in P. aeruginosa, just as in E. coli, alkaline phosphatase is synthesized on polysomes attached to the membrane, with the subsequent translocation of the enzyme to the site of its localization. P. maltophilia appears to have a defect in one of its membrane component responsible for the regulation of the synthesis and the secretion of the enzyme in the cell. PMID- 6796810 TI - [Electrokinetic properties of microorganisms as dependent on culture conditions]. AB - The electrokinetic properties of cells were studied with the batch and continuous cultures of Bacillus megaterium and the chemostat culture of Candida utilis. The above cells growing at a higher rate had a higher electrophoretic mobility and a greater negative zeta potential; this seems to stem from the accumulation of negatively charged groups on their surface. The bacterial cells had higher values of electrophoretic mobility and electrokinetic potential comparing to the yeast cells; the electrokinetic properties of the bacterial cells changed more with a variation of the growth rate than in the yeast cells. PMID- 6796811 TI - [Nitroglycerin also as a broncholytic]. AB - 0,8 mg nitroglycerin administered sublingually to 10 patients with asthma bronchiale and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease effects a reduction of airway resistance up to 21% in the second and fifth minute. Even one hour after application the oscillatory resistance (Ros) is 15% lower than at the beginning. In the same patients 0,4 mg inhaled fenoterol has a stronger effect (-30%). After intravenous administration of nitroglycerin (2,5 mg/h) over 15 minutes there is a significant decrease of the plethysmographic measured resistance (Rt) (-23%), an increase of the vital capacity and a decrease of the residual volume. Side effects are a small reduction of pO2 and blood pressure and an increase of heart rate. Orthostatic disturbances may occur. The venous lactate concentration does not change. The investigation shows that patients with obstructive airway disease may benefit from the application of nitroglycerin. PMID- 6796812 TI - [A case of Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis with precocious puberty]. PMID- 6796813 TI - Insulin therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis: rationale and methods of low-dose insulin administration. PMID- 6796814 TI - Sudden, unexpected, nocturnal deaths among Southeast Asian refugees. PMID- 6796815 TI - Cholera on a Gulf Coast oil rig - Texas. PMID- 6796816 TI - Ventricular septal defect. PMID- 6796817 TI - Pseudomonas cepacia colonization--Minnesota. PMID- 6796818 TI - Childbearing and abortion patterns among teenagers--United States, 1978. PMID- 6796819 TI - The identification of a VH subgroup allotypic specificity, y30, which differentiates the y33 allele into two variants. Implications for rabbit VH gene organization and evolution. PMID- 6796820 TI - Production of autoantibodies by immunization with rabbit transferrin modified at its glycosidic moiety. PMID- 6796821 TI - Gamma heavy chain disease protein CHA: immunological and structural studies. PMID- 6796822 TI - Detection of unique peptides derived from the mu chains of cell surface but not secreted IgM. PMID- 6796823 TI - An IgM-secreting cell line derived from the mouse plasmacytoma 104E expresses a different VH gene. PMID- 6796824 TI - Positive cooperativity in the hapten binding by the VL dimer of protein 315. PMID- 6796825 TI - Kappa chain structure from a crystallized murine Fab': role of joining segment in hapten binding. PMID- 6796826 TI - Management of postoperative hypertension and hypotension in the recovery room. PMID- 6796828 TI - [When is acupuncture justified?]. PMID- 6796827 TI - Cerebral resuscitation. PMID- 6796829 TI - [Radiographic diagnosis of gallbladder diseases. Methodologic improvements]. PMID- 6796830 TI - [Endogenic eczema in childhood. Etiopathogenesis from the view of psychosomatic medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796831 TI - [Intersexuality. Development of sexual behavior pattern and the legal position of the hermaphrodite (author's transl)]. AB - We are nowadays in a position to describe some factors which influence the development of sexual behavior patterns. The importance of such factors will vary from case to case but especially the assignment of a particular sex to the neonate and education to a particular sex behavior may be helpful in acquiring psychosexual identity. An attempt is made to assess the importance of various biological and sociopsychological factors on the development of psychosexual identity in a "girl" with intersexual sex characteristics. The need for a careful analysis of such cases is particularly essential if an operation - as for example change of sex - is under consideration. The legal consequences of operations for change of sex must be taken into consideration, but therapeutic measures should be guided by medical and psychological aspects. PMID- 6796832 TI - [Politics and mental disease. How great are the chances of success of candidates who had been treated for mental disease?]. AB - "Would you vote for a politician who is said to have been mentally ill?" This question was asked of 554 psychiatric in-patients and an unselected collective of 1282 clinically healthy persons. About two thirds of the patients and about twice the number of the healthy persons interviewed do not see in a past psychiatric disorder a hindrance to a political career. But every fourth patient and more than half of the laity - a decisive criterion for successful election - rejected this proposal categorically. Such a candidate could expect the lowest number of votes from older persons, married or widowed, rural communities, and the majority of voters, i.e. of the middle and lower classes. It cannot be excluded that the recent case of Thomas Eagelton in the USA may find its counterpart in Germany. PMID- 6796833 TI - [Withdrawal syndrome following beta blocker therapy (author's transl)]. AB - An account is given of two cases of withdrawal syndrome following discontinuation of an antihypertensive treatment with a single daily dose of Teneretic mite (atenolol/chlortalidone). In one case two different beta blockers had been discontinued, however the withdrawal syndrome occurred in one instance only. One female patient presented signs of CAD, the other hypokalemia. Resumption of treatment with the same beta blocker promptly caused the symptoms to disappear. The pathogenesis of the withdrawal syndrome still being obscure, various postulates are raised in respect of beta blocker therapy. PMID- 6796834 TI - [Events leading to the appointment of Robert Koch as the first professor of hygiene of Berlin University (author transl)]. PMID- 6796835 TI - [Tips for athletes]. PMID- 6796836 TI - [Mechanisms of acute allergic reactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796837 TI - [Muscle injuries. I]. PMID- 6796838 TI - [Clinical aspects and classification of allergic disorders]. PMID- 6796839 TI - [What has neurobiology accomplished? The Nobel Prize for Medicine 1981]. PMID- 6796840 TI - [Rubella antibody determination. Comparison of different tests]. PMID- 6796841 TI - [Mechanical effects of funnel chest (author's transl)]. AB - In the assessment of the deformed chest wall, morphologic and cosmetic considerations are prominent. Classification should not depend on the observer's subjective impression. The measuring procedure presented and tested in 142 patients shows that relationships exist between the shape of the chest wall and the position of the heart, but no utilizable correlations to total function values. A growth-dependent progression of thoracic space requirement is not be expected as a rule. PMID- 6796842 TI - [Efficiency of myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. AB - During inpatient cardiological rehabilitation following myocardial infarction, 120 patients were examined by means of a written enquiry on the subjective appreciation of changes in the quality of their lives. The following picture emerged: cardiac patients experience a distinct deterioration in the quality of their lives as a result of the disease. The reactions from the social environment are judged by the patients vaguely and without uniformity. Satisfaction with the overall medical care on the other hand is relatively high. Altogether, 42% of the patients assess their present quality of life as very good to good, 30% as moderate to poor and 15% as bad to very bad. 13% could not give any assessment. A positive psychic basic attitude was given by about 75%. PMID- 6796843 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral rupture of the quadriceps (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous bilateral rupture of the quadriceps has several causative pathogenetic factors. On the one hand there is diabetes with macro- and microangiopathy, on the other hand acute and chronic inflammatory processes such as spotted fever and leptospirosis, dysentery and hepatitis are worth mentioning. It is also interesting that the history contains statements on an Osgood Schlatter disease in the left knee and a suspected meniscus lesion during the war years. The daily bending of the knee by this relatively old patient must be seen as a chronic lesion of over-strain. PMID- 6796844 TI - [Modification of serum lipoproteins by soy bean proteins]. PMID- 6796845 TI - [Catastrophe medicine: experiences with the employment of German Federal Forces in South Italy (author's transl)]. AB - The earthquake catastrophe in south Italy on November 2rd 1980 brought death or homelessness to thousand of people. Timely preparatory measures could have limited the loss of life. This paper reports experiences from the catastrophe area. The duties of a mobile team of doctors, the problems of hygiene and laboratory medicine which confront a doctor in the catastrophe area and the demands which are made on a field hospital with surgical and internist facilities are dealt with. PMID- 6796846 TI - [Therapy of coronary heart disease with molsidomine]. PMID- 6796848 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 11. Loosening and warming up exercises]. PMID- 6796847 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - gallstone ileus]. PMID- 6796849 TI - [Applied allergology. Part 3. Allergy diagnosis in vivo: provocation test]. PMID- 6796850 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of hypertension as a health politics problem]. PMID- 6796851 TI - [Epidemiology of hypertension risks: of no consequence to the German Federal Republic? (author's transl)]. AB - A widely based epidemiologic research on hypertension has led to successful action programs abroad: e.g. the incidence of hypertension fell by about 50% in North Karelia, Finland, and in the USA the life expectancy rose by 1.5 years. Against the background of international scientific agreement both the Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe and the World Health Organization have awarded hypertension the highest priority for European cooperation. In the Federal Republic there is a great backlog; the responsible politicians are called upon to set a new course. PMID- 6796852 TI - [Rational diagnosis of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - A diagnostic examination may be called rational if it leads to a short, less costly and especially more certain diagnosis for the patient. Among other things, sensitivity and specificity, i.e. the proportion of correct positive to correct negative results of the separates steps of the examination determine the reliability of the answers to diagnostic questions. In most hypertensive patients the diagnosis can be completed in medical general practise. First results in West Germany show that only about 5 to 10% of patients require further investigations in special practices, general hospitals or special departments. PMID- 6796853 TI - [Prevention and non-medicinal treatment of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - Due to the multifactorial origin of hypertensive heart disease there are several points of attack for prevention and for non-medicinal therapy. In recent decades prophylactic trials and studies on the therapeutic efficacy of non-medicinal measures in established hypertension have been neglected in favor of drug therapy so that at present only weight reduction and restriction of salt intake show a confirmed action. Further measures are: dietary increase of potassium, physical endurance training and behavior therapy methods. With the low cost of nonmedicinal measures and in view of possible side-effects of a pharmacological hypertension therapy, these should be applied or tested particularly in borderline hypertension. PMID- 6796854 TI - [Metabolic effects of diuretics (author's transl)]. AB - Thiazide diuretics and loop-diuretics, often used for treatment of hypertension, interfere with various metabolic reactions: An increase of uric acid in plasma is a regular finding, but gout will not be caused, an elevation of plasma lipoproteins has been observed but did not proceed to pathological values, in a number of patients blood glucose has been raised but without producing diabetes mellitus. In general, these metabolic interference are of minor pathological significance. Special treatment for these side-effects are needed in a few cases only. The indicated use of thiazide diuretics should not be disregarded because of their effects on regulatory mechanisms of metabolism. PMID- 6796856 TI - [Clinical aspects and treatment of the hypertensive emergency (author's transl)]. AB - The term "hypertensive emergency" includes all clinical syndromes which are triggered by a rapid rise in the arterial blood pressure and are improved by medicinal lowering of the blood pressure. Among them are hypertensive encephalopathy, acute rise in blood pressure with left heart failure and acute rise in blood pressure complicated by intracerebral hemorrhage or a dissecting aortic aneurysm. Parenteral application of dihydralazine, diazoxide and clonidine are suitable for immediate lowering of blood pressure medicinally and sodium nitroprusside under clinical supervision. In phaeochromocytoma Regitin is the drug of choice. PMID- 6796855 TI - [Captopril - profile of a new antihypertensive (author's transl)]. AB - Captopril is a specific inhibitor of kininase II which is responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I into the active angiotensin II and also for the inactivation of bradykinin. In different types of experimental and clinical hypertension, Captopril has a pronounced blood pressure-reducing action particularly when it is given together with a diuretic. Serious side-effects have hitherto restricted the use of Captopril to patients who do not respond or do not respond satisfactorily to routine antihypertensives. Since it has been shown that a considerable improvement in disturbed hemodynamics in hypertension and in certain forms of heart failure can be achieved with quite low doses of the preparation (2 x 2 mg daily) the use of Captopril may be indicated in greater amounts in moderate and severe hypertension. PMID- 6796857 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - enteral yersiniosis]. PMID- 6796858 TI - [Applied allergology. Part 4. Allergy diagnosis: in vitro examinations]. PMID- 6796859 TI - [Medical sociology--what is it?]. PMID- 6796860 TI - [Medical sociology in research, science and general practice]. PMID- 6796861 TI - [Premature myocardial infarct and social stress]. PMID- 6796862 TI - [Health as utopia. Grounds and causes of lack of demand for early diagnostic measures (author's transl)]. AB - The quite obvious neglect of prophylactic measures cannot be attributed to a single cause only. Ground are rather to be found both in the psychic disposition and in the social stratum of the population as well as in the nature of the prophylaxis available. A synopsis leads to the conclusion that effective prevention requires not only changing the attitude of the patient or the population but also that of the supplier of the health promoting services. PMID- 6796863 TI - [Drug compliance from the clinical-medical-sociological view]. PMID- 6796864 TI - [Family rehabilitation. The achievement of the marriage partner in chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6796865 TI - [Self-help groups (author's transl)]. AB - This report includes the preliminary results of a research project in which the origin, method of working and result of self-help health groups are investigated. An assessment of self-help groups in Hamburg revealed 210 disease-related, rather rehabilitatively oriented groups and 177 with life-problem-related, rather preventively effective conclusions. In an inquiry of contact persons from 47 groups it was shown that barely two thirds see their expectations fulfilled in the group. Of those questioned, 39 considered their group standing beside the care system, 3 within the system, 5 as counterinstitutions. An exploratory study of the attitude of professional helpers showed that relief of their own work by self-help groups was certainly desirable, but also mixed with the fear of becoming superfluous. PMID- 6796866 TI - [Medical sociology in the frame of medical education]. PMID- 6796867 TI - [Disorders of glucose metabolism and manifestation of diabetes during treatment of endogenous hypertriglyceridemias (author's transl)]. AB - Disturbances of glucose metabolism are frequent concomitant findings with hypertriglyceridemias (HTG). Whether the manifestation of diabetes mellitus is favored by it is, however, unknown. In an observation study disturbed glucose metabolism was present in 47 of 91 cases of HTG, without drug therapy of diabetes being carried out. The study shows that glucose metabolism disorders in HTG annually regress in about 3% of cases and about 0.6 to 0.7% of the cases require drug treatment. Since retrospective and prospective analyses show that development of glucose tolerance disorders is closely related to changes in triglyceride concentrations, HTG must be considered as factors favoring diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6796868 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - microcysts of the pancreas]. PMID- 6796869 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 13. Ambulatory coronary groups. Exercise therapy and sports with special reference to closed training groups. Part I: Principles]. PMID- 6796870 TI - [Applied allergology, Part 5, Pollinosis]. PMID- 6796871 TI - [Infection-induced arthritis]. PMID- 6796872 TI - [Infectious arthritides. Animal diseases as models of bacterial and viral etiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796873 TI - [Bacteriogenic arthritides in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796874 TI - [Viral arthritides in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796875 TI - [Clinical picture of septic arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796876 TI - [Reiter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796877 TI - [Yersinia arthritis. frequency of enteral yersinias and their diagnosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796878 TI - [Mycoplasmosis and Still syndrome. Is there an etiologic connection?]. PMID- 6796879 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 14. Ambulatory coronary groups. Exercise therapy and sports with special reference to closed training groups. Part II: Structure and creation of the groups]. PMID- 6796880 TI - [Applied allergology. Part 6. Urticaria]. PMID- 6796881 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - villous rectum adenoma. Main symptom "diarrhea"]. PMID- 6796882 TI - The epidemiology and genetics of atopic allergy. PMID- 6796883 TI - Patterns of hormonal signals and hormone action. PMID- 6796884 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in cancer. PMID- 6796885 TI - Effects of dihydrocodeine, alcohol, and caffeine on breathlessness and exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease and normal blood gases. AB - We measured breathlessness and exercise tolerance in 12 patients with chronic airways obstruction, moderate or severe breathlessness, and low or normal arterial carbon dioxide tension, after the patients received dihydrocodeine, alcohol, caffeine, or placebo (through double-blind administration). Forty-five minutes after ingestion, dihydrocodeine had reduced breathlessness by 20 per cent and increased exercise tolerance by 18 per cent, with a reduction in ventilation and oxygen consumption at submaximal work loads but with no change in spirometric volumes. Oxygen also reduced breathlessness and provided additional benefit to that achieved with dihydrocodeine (at three hours after ingestion) when the two were given together: the reduction of breathlessness was 18 per cent with dihydrocodeine; 22 per cent with oxygen; and 32 per cent with dihydrocodeine plus oxygen. Alcohol increased forced vital capacity by 9 per cent, and exercise tolerance by 7 per cent. Caffeine had no deleterious effect on breathlessness or exercise tolerance, despite increasing ventilation during rest and exercise. We conclude that opiates may be valuable for the treatment of breathlessness in selected patients; further evaluation is needed, particularly of the long-term benefits and safety. PMID- 6796886 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6796887 TI - Post-partum treatment of a patient with a factor VIII inhibitor. PMID- 6796888 TI - Potential hazard of intracoronary nitroglycerin. PMID- 6796889 TI - Prophylactic granulocyte transfusion during chemotherapy for acute myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6796890 TI - Sounding Boards. Management and financing of long-term-care services: a new approach to a chronic problem. PMID- 6796891 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. PMID- 6796892 TI - Young men and drugs in Manhattan: a causal analysis. PMID- 6796893 TI - Antibodies to left-handed Z-DNA bind to interband regions of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. AB - Antibodies which are specific to the Z-DNA conformation have been purified and characterized on the basis of their binding to three different DNA polymers which can form this left-handed helix. These antibodies bind specifically to polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster as visualized by fluorescent staining. The staining is found in the interband regions and its intensity varies among different interbands in a reproducible manner. This is the first identification of the Z-DNA conformation in material of biological origin. PMID- 6796894 TI - The path of axons in Drosophila wings in relation to compartment boundaries. PMID- 6796895 TI - ACh release from osmotically shocked synaptosomes refilled with transmitter. PMID- 6796896 TI - Specific, antigenic protein of Guerin epithelioma. AB - Specific, antigenic protein of the molecular weight 61 000 and 66 000 and isoelectric point 5.15 were isolated from cytosol of Guerin epithelioma and antiserum against these proteins was obtained. These antigens appear to be specific for epithelioma. Such antigens were not found in any normal rat organ. Blood serum of Guerin epithelioma bearing rats does not contain antibodies against these antigens. PMID- 6796897 TI - Effect of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline) on ischemia-induced alterations of brain lipid in the gerbil. AB - Brain ischemia was produced in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) by the bilateral ligation of the carotid arteries. Definite changes in the energy status of brain demonstrated that carotid occlusion was effective. Five minutes before ligation, an intraventricular injection of either saline or cytidine disphosphate choline (CDP-choline, 0.6 micromol/brain, 3 microliter) was given to groups of animals. Control animals, with and without CDP-choline, together with the ischemic groups, were decapitated directly into liquid nitrogen; 10 min after arterial ligation. Brain free fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids, which were labeled in vivo by the intraventricular injection of [1-14C]arachidonic acid (0.4-0.6 micro Ci, 6-9 nmol) 2 hr prior to ligation, were extracted, purified, and separated by thin-layer chromatographic procedures. The CDP-choline treatment noticeably corrected the increase of total and individual fatty acids due to ischemia and the increase of their radioactivity content. The changes in neutral lipids, particularly in the diacyl glycerol fraction, were also corrected by the injection of the nucleotide. CDP-choline partially reversed the decreased of brain phosphatidylcholine and of its labeling, which was due to ischemia. All the data indicate that the prior injection of CDP-choline stimulates the choline phosphotransferase reaction of brain towards synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and prevents the release of free fatty acids, particularly of arachidonic acid, associated with ischemia. PMID- 6796898 TI - Brain uptake of pipecolic acid, amino acids, amines following intracarotid injection in the mouse. AB - The uptake of pipecolic acid by the mouse brain was compared to that of several amino acids and amines, following an injection of a double-labeled mixture into the carotid artery. In general, BUI (brain uptake index) values were lower in the mouse than those previously reported in the rat. The only exception was proline. Lysine, a precursor of pipecolic acid biosynthesis in brain, showed a higher BUI than pipecolic acid. The BUI of D,L-[3H]pipecolic acid was found to be 3.39 (at 0.114 mM). This was saturable between a concentration of 0.114 and 3.44 mM. Kinetic analysis suggests the presence of two kinds of transport systems. Substances structurally related to pipecolic acid, such as nipecotic acid, isonipecotic acid, L-proline, and piperidine show a significant inhibitory effect. Amont the amino acids tested, only GABA showed an inhibitory effect. Data are reported which, when considered with other findings (5), present evidence that pipecolic acid is (1) synthesized both in vitro and in vivo in the mouse brain, (2) actively transported in vivo into the brain, and (3) taken up in vitro by synaptosomal preparations. PMID- 6796899 TI - Uptake of leucine, lysine, aspartic acid, and glycine into isolated neurons and astrocytes. AB - The uptake of tritium-labeled L-leucine, L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, and glycine by neurons and astrocytes isolated from the cerebral cortex of 3-week-old rats was followed for varying periods up to 40 min at amino acid concentrations from 1 to 2000 micromol/liter in medium. The effects of a low-sodium (15.5 mmol/liter) medium on the uptake were also studied. The influx of the amino acids was faster into astrocytes than into neurons. Leucine penetrated into the cells faster than the other amino acids. Amino acids transport was mainly saturable at the lowest amino acid concentrations studied, whereas nonsaturable penetration into the cells dominated in the millimolar concentration range. The saturable transport comprised only one transport system with relatively small transport constants, resembling in nature the so-called high-affinity transport. The maximal velocities of transport were about two times higher in astrocytes than in neurons. In neurons the partial substitution of sodium by choline in medium had the most effect in reducing the influx of glycine and aspartic acid. In astrocytes the effects were generally less pronounced. The results suggest that extracellular amino acids generally penetrate more readily into astrocytes than into neurons. Both cell types transport essential amino acids more effectively than other amino acids. PMID- 6796900 TI - Anterior pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic hormones in anorexia nervosa. AB - 7 women and 3 men with anorexia nervosa were tested with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone-follicle stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and the growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL), gonadotropin (FSH LH) and thyrotropin (TSH) responsiveness of their anterior pituitaries (AP) to the two hypothalamic neurohormones were determined. Administration of TRH (500 microgram i.v.) induced rises in plasma GH in 4 patients, while in 4 patients it induced rises in plasma FSH and/or LH. LH-RH (150 microgram i.v.) induced rises in plasma GH in 3 patients, increased plasma PRL in 3 patients and plasma TSH in 1 patient. Collectively, in only 1 patient, who was in a phase of initial nutritional rehabilitation, was there conventional AP responsiveness to hypothalamic neurohormones. This demonstrates that there is a profound derangement of AP responsiveness to hypothalamic neurohormones in patients with anorexia nervosa, probably reflecting a primary alteration in brain neurotransmitter function. PMID- 6796901 TI - Peripheral neurofibromatosis and peroneal muscular atrophy. AB - We studied four patients with peripheral neurofibromatosis and a neuropathy that had the clinical characteristics of peroneal muscular atrophy. Nerve conduction velocities were slowed by less than 40% of normal, and electromyography demonstrated denervation. Sural nerve biopsies from two patients, which were macroscopically free of nerve sheath tumors, were studied by recording the compound action potentials in vitro and by morphometry. These studies demonstrated a chronic axonal neuropathy with reactive Schwann cell changes. Peroneal muscular atrophy in association with neurofibromatosis may be due to progressive neuronal degeneration and may represent another, uncommon manifestation of peripheral neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6796902 TI - Treatment of intractable hiccups with valproic acid. PMID- 6796903 TI - Inhibitory effects of sodium valproate on oxidative phosphorylation. AB - Sodium valproate (VP) inhibited oxidative phosphorylation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. State 3 rates of oxygen consumption with glutamate as substrate were 80% of control values at a low VP concentration (24 microM). At 240 microM, there was more than 50% inhibition of glutamate and alpha-ketoglutarate state 3 rates. Succinate state 3 rates were 80% of control values, and uncoupling was noted at 2400 microM VP. These VP effects were similar to those of propionate and isovalerate, suggesting a common mechanism of toxicity. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation may explain why VP intoxication causes a hepatocerebral disorder that resembles Reye syndrome. PMID- 6796904 TI - Myocardial rhabdomyosarcoma in multiple neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6796905 TI - Sweat gland duct cells in Lafora disease: diagnosis by skin biopsy. AB - Skin biopsies of three patients with Lafora disease (clinically typical and proven by liver biopsy) showed PAS-positive inclusions in numerous peripheral cells of eccrine sweat ducts. By electronmicroscopy, the inclusions consisted of polyglucosan-type material; they were not bounded by a membrane. Skin biopsy should be a convenient method of diagnosing Lafora disease. PMID- 6796906 TI - Deprenyl in Parkinson disease. PMID- 6796907 TI - Hyperammonemia and asterixis with valproic acid. PMID- 6796908 TI - [The intra-erythrocyte aminogram in acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6796909 TI - [Neurohormonal and metabolic regulation of the critical patient]. PMID- 6796910 TI - [Nutritional and metabolic aspects of the therapy of major trauma]. PMID- 6796911 TI - [Nutritional and metabolic aspects of the therapy of severe digestive pathology]. PMID- 6796912 TI - [Protective effect of lithium carbonate in neutropenia induced by antiblastic agents and evaluation of its long-term efficacy]. AB - The association of lithium carbonate and antiblastic drugs has been studied in 22 patients suffering from tumours to see whether it was able to prevent or attenuate the neutropenising effect and establish whether its protection action on leucocytaemia was not just transitory but was maintained for prolonged treatment also. Patients were submitted to four oncolytic treatment cycles during which administration with LiCO3 was associated with the first and third cycles (LNLN sequence) in 14 patients and with the second and fourth (NLNL sequence) in the other 8. Statistical analysis of the results obtained confirmed that lithium carbonate performs a protective action with respect to antiblastic-induced neutropenia and that the action is long term. The drop in monocytes also seems to diminish after administration of lithium carbonate. PMID- 6796913 TI - Possible carnitine requirement of the newborn and the effect of genetic disease on the carnitine requirement. PMID- 6796914 TI - Interaction of infection and nutrition in children: two studies from Bangladesh. PMID- 6796915 TI - Nutritional therapy in kidney failure. PMID- 6796917 TI - Economic factors and dental health: implications for dental health policy. PMID- 6796916 TI - Pharmacist on call: intravenous lipids. PMID- 6796918 TI - Anti-complementary activity for guinea-pig and sheep complement in serum and Mg2+ EGTA plasma from various animals. PMID- 6796919 TI - Spontaneous and induced pregnancies in hyperprolactinemic women. AB - Sixty-nine pregnancies were observed in 57 hyperprolactinemic women (5 with pituitary macroadenoma, 20 with microadenoma, and 32 with normal tomography of the sella turcica). Ten of these pregnancies took place spontaneously in women with mild to moderate hyperprolactinemia (up to 70 ng/ml); 2 were induced by exogenous gonadotropins, 2 by clomiphene, 42 by bromocriptine, and 9 by metergoline; and 4 occurred after pituitary selective adenomectomy. The observed complications included spontaneous abortion (10 cases); headache (7 cases); sellar enlargement (5 cases); and bitemporal hemianopsia (1 subject with macroadenoma). Among 24 women in whom prolactin levels were reevaluated at least 1 month after parturition and/or lactation, 8 showed a decrease in prolactin concentration (less than 50% of pregestational levels), with actual prolactin normalization in 3 and resumption of cyclic menses in 2 previously amenorrheic women. In contrast, no changes in prolactin levels occurred after pregnancies that ended in abortion. These data suggest the following: 1) conception is not uncommon in women with moderate hyperprolactinemia; and 2) pregnancy may be safely induced without prior surgery and/or radiotherapy in hyperprolactinemic women, except those with large pituitary adenomas, and a considerable number of these patients even show a clinical and biochemical improvement after pregnancy. PMID- 6796920 TI - Androgenic response in anovulatory women during menotropins stimulation. AB - Menotropins (human menopausal gonadotropin [hMG]) are used to induce follicular maturation and ovulation in anovulatory infertile women. To determine how hMG stimulation affected ovarian androgen production during such therapy, plasma androstenedione (A) and testosterone (T) levels were measured at the beginning and end of hMG therapy in 5 patients with anovulatory hypogonadotropism (group 1) and 15 patients with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (group 2). Mean pretreatment levels of plasma estradiol (E2), T, and A were significantly higher in group 2 compared with group 1. Stimulation with hMG caused E2 levels to reach the same maximum value in both groups. Testosterone levels increased from 0.2 +/- 0.03 ng/ml (mean /+- SE) to 0.4 %/- 0.038 ng/ml for group 1 patients, and from 0.53 +/- 0.06 ng/ml to 0.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml for group 2 patients. Androstenedione levels increased from 1.5 +/- 0.47 ng/ml to 2.1 +/- 0.4 ng/ml and from 4.37 +/- 0.77 ng/ml to 5.8 +/- 1.1 ng/ml in groups 1 and 2, respectively. The influence of hMG on plasma androgen levels was studied in women who received several treatment cycles before they became pregnant. In these women plasma androgen levels reached the same values in all cycles, including the final cycle in which the patient became pregnant. The data indicate that patients treated with hMG become pregnant despite marked gonadal androgen production. These observations suggest that hMG therapy promotes steroidogenesis in both the granulosa and theca cells of the follicle. PMID- 6796921 TI - Seasonal protection through voluntary programs. PMID- 6796922 TI - Vitamin and trace element requirements in parenteral nutrition: an update. PMID- 6796923 TI - Surgical management of a symptomatic fractured, ossified stylohyoid ligament. PMID- 6796924 TI - The benefits of areawide quality review. PMID- 6796925 TI - Comments on a pragmatic route to quality assurance. PMID- 6796926 TI - Examination of physician team performance in six processes of care. PMID- 6796927 TI - Nutritional support for the patient undergoing head and neck surgery. PMID- 6796928 TI - Some observations on the activity of three antiseptics used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in patients with indwelling catheters. AB - A comparison has been made of the activity of three antiseptics that are used as bladder irrigants in the treatment of urinary tract infection in catheterised patients. At the concentrations and exposure times used for bladder irrigation, phenoxyethanol (2:4% v/v) proved to be highly bactericidal against urine-grown cells of all the common urinary pathogens tested. Chlorhexidine (200 microgram/ml) was active against Escherichia coli and produced significant reductions in the viability of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but failed to eradicate Providencia stuartii. Exposure to noxythiolin (2.5% v/v) for 20 min had little effect in any of the bacteria, even though all strains tested had been recorded as noxythiolin-sensitive by conventional plate sensitivity tests. Contact with noxythiolin for periods of at least 1-2 hrs was necessary before extensive bactericidal activity was detected. These results provide an explanation of the poor clinical performance of noxythiolin that we have observed. PMID- 6796929 TI - [Finding of Sarcocystis cruzi in a dog of the city of Bologna]. PMID- 6796930 TI - [Larvicidal and ovicidal action of diflubenzuron on 3 species of Culicidae]. PMID- 6796931 TI - [Basic protein and chondroitin sulfate complexes]. PMID- 6796932 TI - Cholesterol, children, and heart disease: an analysis of alternatives. AB - Cost-effectiveness analysis is used to compare proposed cholesterol control programs. The analysis employs estimates of such biologic variables as effect of diet on cholesterol level, stability of level, and change in morbidity with level. Sensitivity analysis identifies the biologic and behavioral uncertainties that most critically affect policy choices. At a discount rate of 5%, a cholesterol-screening program for all 10-year-old children would cost about 10,000 per year of life saved. Rescreening would not improve efficiency. Targeted screening a high-risk children could improve efficiency by 25%, but would benefit only one sixth as many people. Community-wide interventions without screening may be more efficient by a factor of 3. The cost per year of life saved is most affected by the rate of discount and the dollar cost of changing behavior, but is insensitive to stability of cholesterol rank order and to the cost of screening. PMID- 6796933 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Nutrition. Use of Intravenous fat emulsions in pediatric patients. PMID- 6796934 TI - [Anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Rare form with vascular purpura and myopathy]. PMID- 6796935 TI - Scotopic thresholds of rhesus monkeys at different grating densities under normal and low-protein diets. AB - Scotopic thresholds of rhesus monkeys were determined over a range of luminance levels, from 1138 to 17.8 x 10(-9) cd/cm2, and grating densities, from .132 to 1.58 lines per cm. The effects of a low-protein diet on these thresholds were also investigated, and standard stimulus objects within the discrimination learning situation were employed. Obtained thresholds decreased systematically from about 350 to 20 x 10(-9) cd/cm2, and there were no significant differences due to dietary protein level. PMID- 6796936 TI - Organochlorine and metal residues in eggs of waterfowl nesting on islands in Lake Michigan off Door County, Wisconsin, 1977-78. AB - One egg from each of 114 red-breasted merganser (Mergus serrator) nests in 1977 and 92 nests in 1978 was collected and later analyzed for organochlorines, polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated styrenes (PCSs), and metals. One egg was also collected from each of the dabbling duck nests located. Twenty-nine of these eggs were analyzed for organochlorines and metals in 1977; 10 eggs were analyzed in 1978. All merganser eggs contained DDE, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dieldrin; all but one egg collected in 1978 contained DDT. DDE and PCB levels had declined since 1975 to a geometric mean of 7.4 ppm DDE and 20 ppm PCBs in 1977 and 7.6 ppm DDE and 19 ppm PCBs in 1978. Dieldrin residues in eggs had not declined from 1975 levels; the geometric mean was 0.78 ppm in 1977 and 0.76 ppm in 1978. Other organochlorines were present at low levels. Mercury residues averaged greater than 0.50 ppm in merganser eggs and had not declined since 1975. Other metals were present at low levels. Dabbling ducks generally had much lower organochlorine and Hg residues than mergansers; DDE and PCBs were the only organochlorines present in the majority of eggs. Geometric means of PCBs and DDT in dabbling duck eggs did not exceed 2.0 ppm and 1.0 ppm, respectively. PBBs and PCSs were detected only in a few merganser eggs, at low levels. Eggshell thickness for red-breasted merganser eggs averaged 0.359 mm in 1977 and 0.355 mm in 1978, which is only 2%-3% below pre-1946 thicknesses. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) eggshell thicknesses averaged 0.331 mm in 1977 and 0.377 mm in 1978. PMID- 6796937 TI - [Tremor in the course of sodium valproate treatment]. PMID- 6796938 TI - Characterization of the effect of aphidicolin on adenovirus DNA replication: evidence in support of a protein primer model of initiation. AB - Adenovirus DNA replication is inhibited by aphidicolin but the inhibition clearly has different parameters than the inhibition of purified DNA polymerase alpha. In adenovirus infected Hela cells, 10 micrograms/ml of aphidicolin reduced viral DNA synthesis by 80%. Cellular DNA synthesis was inhibited by 97% at 0.1 microgram/ml. 10 micrograms/ml of drug had no effect on virus yield or late protein synthesis though higher concentrations of drug (50 micrograms/ml) caused an abrupt cessation of late protein synthesis and 100 micrograms/ml reduced virus yield by 3 logs. Concentrations of the drug from 0.5 microgram/ml to 10 micrograms/ml were found to dramatically slow the rate of DNA chain elongation in vitro but not stop it completely, so that over a long period of time net incorporation was reduced only slightly compared to the control. 50 micrograms/ml or 100 micrograms/ml of drug completely inhibited incorporation in vitro. Initiation of viral DNA replication - covalent attachment of dCMP to the preterminal protein - occurs in vitro. This reaction was found to be insensitive to inhibition by aphidicolin. We thus conclude that aphidicolin exerts its effect on adenovirus DNA chain elongation, but not on the primary initiation event of protein priming. PMID- 6796939 TI - Coding region deletions associated with the major form of rDNA interruption in Drosophila. AB - The nucleotide sequences at and around the termini of 5 kb type 1 interruptions in three separate clones of D. melanogaster rDNA repeats have been determined, and have been compared with the sequence of the corresponding region of an insertion-free rDNA repeat. All three interrupted rDNA repeats contain a small deletion of 28S rRNA coding material at the left coding/insertion sequence junction. A second deletion was found in one of the three clones, ad other aberrations were suggested by the results of restriction enzyme digestions of unfractionated rDNA. The termini of 5 kb type 1 rDNA insertions in D. melanogaster were also compared with the corresponding regions of 28S rDNA interruptions in D. virilis: the insertion site is identical in the two species, but the termini of the two species' interruptions show no homology. I sequenced a 1.1 kb region of the 5 kb type 1 D. melanogaster rDNA interruption that covers the sequences of the 1 kb and 0.5 kb insertions. There is 98% homology between the rightmost 1 kb of the 5 kb interruption and the sequences of the shorter insertions. Data suggest that Drosophila rDNA interruptions arose as a transposable element, and that divergence had included length alterations generated by unequal crossing over. PMID- 6796940 TI - Primary and secondary structure of U2 snRNA. AB - With the improved rapid sequencing techniques, the earlier sequence of U2 RNA of Novikoff hepatoma (Shibata et al, J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3909-3920, 1975) was reanalyzed and modified. The improved sequence of U2 RNA is 188 (or 189) nucleotides long and is in register with a characterized U2 RNA pseudogene (Denison et al, PNAS 78, 810-814, 1981) except for an 11 nucleotide sequence (nucleotides 147-157) which is absent from the pseudogene. From these results, a secondary structure of U2 RNA is proposed which is supported by the preferred cleavage sites with T1-RNase, RNase A and S1 nuclease. Isolated U2 RNA was cleaved by T1-RNase preferentially at positions 64 and 164, whereas U2 RNA in U2 snRNP was cleaved only at position 64, indicating that position 164 is protected in U2-snRNP. As with U1 RNA (Epstein et al, PNAS 78, 1562-1566, 1981) the 5'-end of isolated U2 RNA was not preferentially cleaved by T1-RNase. PMID- 6796941 TI - Mapping of immunoglobulin variable region genes: relationship to the 'deletion' model of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. AB - Five families of variable region genes of mouse kappa chains were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization to determine their relative chromosomal map positions. Map positions were deduced by Vk gene deletion from antibody-producing cells expressing upstream Vk genes and retention in cells expressing downstream genes. The Vk regions expressed in the myelomas M0PC167, MPC11, M0PC21 and ABPC20 are members of Vk families exhibiting one, three, six and six major germline hybridization bands respectively. The gene order of the five families in germline DNA was found to be VM167-VM11-(VM21, VA20)-VABE8-Jk-Ck. As expected in a deletion model of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, a sequence located just 5' of J1 in germline DNA was found to be absent from some antibody producing cells which had not retained any germline Ck genes. However, other cell lines contained this sequence in rearranged contexts, suggesting that any deletion model of immunoglobulin V-J joining, as well as V gene mapping, must take into account the possibilities of stepwise rearrangements and reintegration of "deleted" DNA. PMID- 6796942 TI - Value of the triiodothyronine/thyroxine-binding-globulin quotient as an index of thyroid state. PMID- 6796943 TI - Mode of degradation of tRNAs with ozone. AB - Ozone-treatment of tRNA resulted in the degradation of guanine residues located on the loop regions, such as the anticodon and D-loop region. In addition, it became evident that the guanine residues in the consecutive sequences, such as G G-G-G and G-G-m1G in tRNAPro, were the most susceptive to the ozone-treatment. The internucleotidic linkage of the treated tRNA was not cleaved but several fragments were obtained by a gel electrophoretic separation after heating at 60% in 1M aniline-acetate buffer (pH 4.5). Major fragments derived from tRNAPro were the 3'-half and the 5'-half molecules produced by the cleavage at the anticodon region. PMID- 6796944 TI - Alkylation of calf thymus DNA with reductively activated mitomycin C. AB - Mitomycin C (MMC) was catalytically reduced in the presence of a nucleotide or calf thymus DNA. Reaction with 5'-guanylic acid (5'-GMP) gave 1,2-cis-2, 7 diamino-1-(5'-guanylyl) mitosene. Reaction with calf thymus DNA gave modified DNA, which on enzymatic hydrolysis gave two alkylated 5'-deoxyguanylic acid (MG-1 and MG-2) and an alkylated 5'-deoxyadenylic acid (MA). This is the first example of isolation of nucleotides from DNA modified by MMC. PMID- 6796945 TI - Preliminary crystal structure analysis of a microbial, guanine-specific ribonuclease St at 2.5 A resolution. AB - The three-dimensional structure of Ribonuclease St (RNase St), the extracellular ribonuclease from Streptomyces erythreus, has been deduced based on a preliminary electron density map at 2.5 A resolution. RNase St has a substrate specificity similar to ribonuclease T1 which catalyzes the splitting of the phosphodiester bond of guanylic acid. Crystals grown as diamond plates have space group C2 with unit cell parameters a=88.4, b=33.0, c=69.0 A, beta = 98.4 degrees having two enzyme molecules per asymmetric unit. Phases were obtained by use of KAu(CN)4, phenylmercuric acetate and UO2 (CH3COO)2. The overall dimensions of the molecule are 40 X 30 X 25 A. The most prominent secondary structural features are two turns of alpha-helix and a three strand stretch of antiparallel beta-sheet. The alpha-carbon backbone of RNase St seems to have no apparent correlation with that of ribonuclease A. PMID- 6796946 TI - Chirally selective synthesis of sugar moiety of nucleosides by chemicoenzymatic approach: L- and D-riboses, showdomycin, and cordycepin. AB - The symmetric dimethyl esters derived from furan and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate was efficiently hydrolysed with pig liver esterase to yield half esters with high optical purity. Following chemical transformations afforded precursors with L-configuration, and chirality transfer through ester exchange was achieved to afford precursors with D-configuration of the sugar moiety of nucleosides. Thus, an efficient approach to L- and D-riboses, showdomycin, and cordycepin (3'-deoxy-adenosine) has been demonstrated.U PMID- 6796947 TI - [Permanent sequelae of acute carbon dioxide poisoning]. PMID- 6796948 TI - [Improving the analytical procedures for the detection of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency in Polish industrial workers]. PMID- 6796949 TI - Testicular tumors of germ cell origin. AB - Testicular tumors may be classified as seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, teratocarcinoma, teratoma, and choriocarcinoma. Staging is valuable to determine the extent and natural progression of disease, to select an appropriate treatment regimen, and to provide prognostic guidelines. Megavoltage irradiation to the retroperitoneal and ipsilateral pelvic node-bearing locations is the basis of treatment for patients with pure seminoma diagnosed by radical orchiectomy. Survival rates range from up to 100% for stage I to as low as 20% for stage III. Regional therapy is appropriate for management of nonseminomatous germinal malignancies. Prognosis depends somewhat on treatment, which consists of inguinal orchiectomy combined with either retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy or retroperitoneal radiation therapy alone, or with retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy plus either radiation therapy or chemotherapy. PMID- 6796950 TI - Plasma sex hormone concentrations in men with hypertension treated with methyldopa and/or propranolol. AB - Serum concentrations of LH, FSH, testosterone and prolactin were measured in patients with hypertension treated with propranolol (34 cases), methyldopa (13 cases), and methyldopa + propranolol (11 cases). The results were compared with those obtained in 18 controls (hospital out-patients). There were no differences in these hormone concentrations in the various groups, and no difference between those complaining of impotence (13 cases) and those with normal sexual function. Impotence in hypertensive men on treatment with methyldopa cannot be explained by abnormalities in secretion of the reproductive hormones. PMID- 6796951 TI - Cerebral aspergilloma. PMID- 6796952 TI - [Choledochocele and Intraduodenal Diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6796953 TI - [Characteristics of the antigenic structure of the erythrocytes and leukocytes in the Komi population]. PMID- 6796954 TI - [Clinicoimmunological comparisons in pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6796955 TI - [Genetic indices in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6796956 TI - Yeast tRNA3Leu gene transcribed and spliced in a HeLa cell extract. AB - A cloned yeast tRNA3Leu gene containing a 33-base intervening sequence (IVS) is selectively transcribed by a soluble extract from HeLa cells. The 130-nucleotide tRNA3Leu precursor RNA formed is colinear with the gene and contains approximately 4 leader nucleotides and up to 9 trailer nucleotides. The IVS is accurately and efficiently removed by an endogenous HeLa excision-ligase activity to yield the spliced tRNA, the free IVS, and the half-tRNA intermediates. The splicing reaction occurs without prior 5' and 3' maturation of the precursor but, with this exception, this pattern of synthesis and subsequent maturation of the tRNA3Leu precursor conforms to the scheme for tRNA biosynthesis deduced for the xenopus system. Indeed, the two systems utilize similar or identical tRNA3Leu precursors. Our results stress the extraordinary conservation of tRNA biosynthesis in eukaryotes and demonstrate that a HeLa extract provides a useful system for investigating this process. PMID- 6796957 TI - Low molecular weight RNAs transcribed in vitro by RNA polymerase III from Alu type dispersed repeats in Chinese hamster DNA are also found in vivo. AB - An Alu-type dispersed repeat previously identified in a cloned fragment of Chinese hamster DNA [Haynes, S. R., Toomey, T. P., Leinwand, L. & Jelinek, W. R. (1981) Mol. Cell. Biol. 1, 573-583] serves as a template for cell-free transcription of discrete low molecular weight RNAs by RNA polymerase III [RNA nucleotidyltransferase (DNA-directed), EC 2.7.7.6]. A class of analogous RNAs has been isolated from growing Chinese hamster cells by hybridization of total low molecular weight nuclear RNAs to the cloned DNA fragment from which cell-free transcription occurs. Two-dimensional analysis of RNase digestion products of these RNAs suggests that they are transcribed from multiple members of the Alu type dispersed repeat family. PMID- 6796958 TI - Reactivation of chicken erythrocyte nuclei in heterokaryons results in expression of adult chicken globin genes. AB - Activation of chicken globin gene transcription has been demonstrated in chicken erythrocyte--rat L6 myoblast heterokaryons. The globin mRNA is polyadenylylated and is translated into adult chicken alpha A-, alpha D-, and beta-globin polypeptides. No fetal globin mRNA or globin polypeptides were detected. Heterokaryons between chicken erythrocytes and mouse neuroblastoma cells or hamster BHK cells also synthesized adult chicken globins. PMID- 6796959 TI - Microinjection of a rabbit beta-globin gene into zygotes and its subsequent expression in adult mice and their offspring. AB - We have transferred a gene coding for rabbit beta-globin into the male pronucleus of mouse zygotes by direct microinjection. Some of these zygotes developed into mature mice which contained this gene and appeared to be producing a rabbit globin. Evidence for the presence of the gene in these animals was provided by Southern blot hybridization analysis. Evidence for the expression of the rabbit gene in these transformed mice and their offspring was provided by hemoglobin isoelectric focusing analysis and specific serological reactivity between mouse anti-rabbit hemoglobin antiserum and a hemolysate from the mice that developed from the microinjected zygotes. The use of this zygote transformation may allow the introduction and expression of a broad range of genetic elements in mammals. PMID- 6796960 TI - Assembly of the functional membrane attack complex of human complement: formation of disulfide-linked C9 dimers. AB - The 158,000 Mr protein, previously designated C5c, present in fully assembled complement (C) membrane attack complexes (MC5b-9) has been identified as a disulfide-bonded dimer of C9. This conclusion was based on the observations that: (i) a portion of the 125I-radiolabeled precursor C9 incorporated into MC5b-9 complexes comigrated with the 158,000 Mr protein band in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide slab gels; (ii) monospecific antisera produced against native C9 and the 158,000 Mr protein immunologically crossreacted with monomeric native C9 by double immunodiffusion and with monomeric C9 and the 158,000 Mr protein on immunoreplication procedures; and (iii) two-dimensional NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis, in which the second dimension was conducted under reducing conditions, revealed that the 158,000 Mr protein contained two identical 71,000 Mr subunits which comigrated with monomeric C9. Molar ratio estimates indicated that 1 mol of C5b, C9 dimer, C6, C7, and C8 and 3-4 mol of C9 monomer were present per MC5b-9 complex. Each fully assembled membrane-bound MC5b-9 complex would therefore have a calculated Mr of 982,000. The presence of C9 dimers in the hemolytically active 29S dimeric form of the MC5b-9 complex and the absence of C9 dimers in the hemolytically inactive 23S monomeric form of the fluid phase SC5b-9 complex strongly suggest an important role for C9 dimer formation in MC5b-9 complex structure and function. The most probable function of C9 dimers would be the formation of intercomplex disulfide crosslinks which would provide a mechanism to stabilize the assembly of MC5b-9 into aggregates of increasing size on the target membrane surface which would thus be responsible for the observed pore size heterogeneity of functional C lesions. PMID- 6796961 TI - Synthesis and processing of the alpha heavy chains of secreted and membrane-bound IgA. AB - We have compared the synthesis and processing of immunoglobulin alpha chains in two murine cell lines, a B cell lymphoma that expresses membrane-bound IgA and a hybridoma that secretes IgA. Results of biosynthetic labeling experiments demonstrated that membrane-bound and secreted alpha chains have two distinct intracellular precursors, of different molecular weights and isoelectric points. RNAs from both of these cell lines direct the synthesis in vitro of two alpha polypeptides of Mr 59,000 and 62,000, the larger one being the precursor for membrane-bound alpha chain and the smaller one being the precursor for secreted alpha chain. These cell lines each contain three RNAs, 1.7, 2.1, and 3.1 kilobases in length, which hybridize with cDNA for the alpha constant region and which are present in different concentrations. Our results suggest that the smallest RNA encodes the secreted alpha chain and one or both of the larger RNAs encode(s) the membrane-bound alpha chain. PMID- 6796962 TI - Amygdalin (Laetrile) and prunasin beta-glucosidases: distribution in germ-free rat and in human tumor tissue. AB - Amygdalin, the gentiobioside derivative of mandelonitrile commonly referred to as Laetrile, is presently under intensive investigation as a potential cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Because of this interest, we investigated the activity of beta-glucosidases that cleave glucose from amygdalin and from prunasin (mandelonitrile monoglucoside) in tissues from germ-free rats and in normal and neoplastic human tissues. Rat and human small intestinal mucosa contain high levels of activity of glucosidases that act on both of these cyanogenic glucosides. Release of glucose from these compounds was not detected in any of the human neoplastic tissues examined in the present study. These observations are consistent with reports of cyanide toxicity through the oral use of amygdalin or prunasin and pose serious questions concerning the alleged tumoricidal effect of amygdalin. PMID- 6796963 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone exerts rapid nuclear effects to increase production of the primary prolactin mRNA transcript. AB - This report directly documents that a polypeptide hormone can regulate specific gene expression as a consequence of increasing the levels of a primary genomic transcript. The regulation and expression of the prolactin gene was studied in a cell line (GH4) derived from a rat pituitary tumor. These cells respond to addition of the hypothalamic tripeptide, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH; thyroliberin), by elevation of the levels of mature prolactin mRNA and increase in prolactin biosynthesis. The message induction is preceded by, and apparently consequential to, a comparable rapid increase in the nuclear prolactin RNA precursors, including the putative primary transcript. PMID- 6796964 TI - SOS induction and autoregulation of the himA gene for site-specific recombination in Escherichia coli. AB - The himA gene of EScherichia coli controls the lysogenization of bacteriophage lambda at the level of catalysis of site-specific recombination and expression of the lambda int and cI genes required for lysogenic development. We have analyzed the regulation of himA by two methods: (i) beta-galactosidase synthesis from a lacZ gene inserted into the himA gene and (ii) detection of radioactive HimA protein after fractionation by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. We find that himA- mutations produce enhanced expression of the himA gene, indicating that HimA protein controls its own synthesis. The himA gene is also induced by treatment of cells with UV or mitomycin C, suggesting control by the inducible DNA repair (SOS) system regulated by the LexA and RecA proteins. Regulation of himA follows the pattern expected for a typical SOS gene: constitutive high expression in mutants that have inactive LexA or the altered RecA conferred by the recA441 (tif1) mutation and low noninducible expression in a mutant that has a deleted recA gene. We conclude that the himA gene is a component of the inducible SoS response, repressed by LexA and induced by the capacity of activated RecA to cleave LexA. We suggest that HimA may be subject to SOS induction because it functions as an "acquisitionase" for new genetic material and thus is of special utility under conditions of impaired capacity for growth of the bacterial population. PMID- 6796965 TI - Evidence that a high molecular weight replicative DNA polymerase is conserved during evolution. AB - Using a technique developed recently to detect DNA polymerase activity in situ after NaDodSO4 gel electrophoresis (Spanos, A., Sedgwick, S. G., Yarranton, g. T., Hubscher, U. & Banks, G. R. (1981) Nucleic Acids Res. 9, 1825-1839), we present evidence that a high Mr (greater than or equal to 125,000) polypeptide is responsible for chromosomal DNA replication in prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes and high eukaryotes. Not only extracts from Escherichia coli, Ustilago maydis, Drosophila melanogaster, rat neurones, calf thymus, human fibroblast, and HeLa cells possess such high Mr activities, but also highly purified E. coli DNA polymerase III core enzyme, U. maydis DNA polymerase, and D. melanogaster embryo and calf thymus DNA alpha polymerases. The evidence that these activities are responsible for chromosomal DNA replication is genetical (E. coli, U. maydis, and D. melanogaster); also, the high Mr activity disappears from rat neurones during differentiation from an actively dividing precursor cell to a postmitotically mature neurone. Furthermore, when limited proteolysis is allowed to occur, a defined and remarkably similar pattern of intermediate Mr activities is generated in lower eukaryotic and high eukaryotic extracts and, to some extent, in prokaryotic extracts. In higher eukaryotic extracts, a low Mr activity of approximately 35,000 is also generated. Protease inhibitors can retard formation of these catalytically active proteolytic fragments. We propose that the replicative DNA polymerase complex of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes contains a high Mr polypeptide responsible for chain elongation which might be conserved during evolution and which is extremely sensitive to proteolytic cleavage. PMID- 6796966 TI - DNA sequences homologous to vertebrate oncogenes are conserved in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Sequences homologous to the oncogene sequences of acute RNA tumor viruses have been shown to be highly conserved within vertebrates. In the present work, eight different oncogene DNA sequences have been used as probes to search for homologous sequences in the DNA of organisms of other phyla. Five of these probes hybridized to the DNA of Drosophila melanogaster. Abelson leukemia virus probe detected a single homologous DNA fragment in Drosophila DNA. In contrast, probes prepared from the genomes of Harvey, avian, and feline sarcoma viruses and avian myelocytomatosis virus hybridized with multiple homologous sequences in Drosophila DNA. The identification of sequences homologous to vertebrate oncogenes in invertebrates demonstrates both a high degree of conservation of these genes and a wide distribution among divergent species. It seems likely that sequences homologous to vertebrate oncogenes play a crucial role in metazoan metabolism. PMID- 6796968 TI - Radial immunodiffusion--a confirmatory test for bovine brucellosis. PMID- 6796967 TI - Organization of the diversity--joining region in rabbit immunoglobulin heavy chains as revealed by cleavage of a specific methionine residue in a100 allotype. AB - Three anti-micrococcus antibodies of restricted heterogeneity have been isolated from the antisera of homozygous a100/a100 rabbits. Heavy chains contained an unusual methionine residue at position 87 that may correlate with the a100 specificity. From this position, the sequence of a stretch of 35-50 amino acid residues was determined, permitting the definition of variable (V), diversity(D), and joining (J) segments in rabbit Ig heavy chains, with their most probable boundaries. Rabbit D regions so defined appear to be highly variable, both in sequence and in length, which varies, in the heavy chains analyzed, between 6 and 11 residues. The J regions are highly homologous to the mouse J2 segment. PMID- 6796969 TI - Acute and chronic effects of maternal ethanol administration on the ovine maternal-fetal unit. AB - The purpose of this study was to examine, in the pregnant ewe and its fetus, some of the physiological consequences of acute and chronic ethanol exposure. Ethanol was infused intravenously (2 g/kg/day over 2 h) to pregnant ewes from day 100 of pregnancy to term. Control animals received isocaloric infusions of 5% dextrose. Animals were pair-fed and allowed water ad lib. Maternal (n = 5) systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressures and heart rate rose significantly by 1 h after starting ethanol, whereas fetal (n = 4) blood pressure and heart rate did not change during ethanol infusion. Maternal ethanol infusion produced a significant rise (p less than 0.01) in both fetal (n = 8) and maternal (n = 10) plasma cortisol levels. Peak blood ethanol concentration was significantly higher in the ewe (240 +/- 6 mg.dl-1, n = 7) than in the fetus (190 +/- 9 mg.dl-1, n = 6) at the end of the 2-hour infusion. Maternal rate of elimination after ethanol infusion was terminated was 40 mg.dl-1 per hour, while fetal elimination was 10 mg.dl-1 per hour. Body weights and crown-rump lengths of fetuses from 0.82 to 1.0 gestation were significantly less in ethanol-treated animals than in age-matched control animals. Fetal plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine increments following thyrotrophin-releasing hormone administration were significantly less in alcohol treated than in control animals. Thus, chronic exposure to ethanol during the latter part of gestation impaired fetal growth and altered fetal endocrine function in these animals. PMID- 6796970 TI - The variations of heritability as a function of parental age. PMID- 6796971 TI - Genetic control of the immune system. PMID- 6796972 TI - Drug alterations of punished responding after chlordiazepoxide: possible screen for agents useful in minimal brain dysfunction. AB - In the present study, the effect of various stimulant drugs on the action of chlordiazepoxide to increase punished responding was studied. Drugs such as d amphetamine, methylphenidate and imipramine that are effective in attentional deficit disorder (MBD) were found to reverse this benzodiazepine-induced increase in responding. Phenobarbital which worsens this condition enhanced the benzodiazepine effect. Since the impairment caused by chlordiazepoxide may be analogous to the lack of impulse control noted in MBD, the bupropion antagonism of this action of chlordiazepoxide suggests that bupropion may be useful in MBD. PMID- 6796973 TI - Effects of indomethacin on prostaglandin synthesis and on contractile response of the guinea pig gallbladder. AB - In studies on prostaglandin (PG) synthetase activity in the guinea pig gallbladder, prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) were enzymatically formed from arachidonic acid using the 105,000-g precipitate fraction. The amount of PGE2 synthesized was about four times larger than PGF2 alpha. Indomethacin (1-3 microM) inhibited both the PG synthesis and the contractile response to transmural stimulation in the gallbladder. These findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on the contractility of the gallbladder is related to the inhibition of PG synthesis, and that endogenous PGE2 is involved in the contractility of this tissue. PMID- 6796974 TI - Possible hormonal role of the angiotensin-like peptides in mammals' pineal gland. AB - An isorenin is synthetized in the pineal gland cells. The amount of isorenin as well as the synthesis of angiotensin I and II in the pineal gland depends on the circadian rhythm, osmotic stimuli and stimulation of the cervical sympathetic postganglionar fibres. Pineal angiotensin is released both into the blood and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CFS). The major site of the pineal angiotensin action are the circumventricular organs, the preiventricular receptors of the anterior hypothalamus and the epiphysis cerebri itself. Except its participation in regulating arterial pressure and the hydroelectrolytic metabolism, through its central effects on the brain, pineal angiotensin-like peptides also participate in the pool of circulating angiotensin and it may represent Farrell's pineal glomerulotropic factor. PMID- 6796975 TI - The influence of malathion on the brain serotonin and reproductive function in rats. AB - By researches carried out in adult female rats we followed the effect of chronic administration of malathion on the serotonin level from hypothalamus, rhynencephalon, mesencephalon and cerebral cortex and on the hypophysio-ovarian system. The obtained results showed that malathion produces: 1) the increase of cerebral serotonin level through the active phases of the gonadal cycle (proestrus + oestrus); 2) the increase of the percent incidence of the gonadal active phases; 3) the decrease of the LH synthesis through the oestral cycle; 4) the increase of the FSH release during the active phases and the decrease of the LH release in the inactive phases of the ovarian cycle. The data show that malathion influences the reproductive function both by its cellular toxic action and by affecting the encephalic regulatory serotoninergic, besides acetylcholinergic, mechanism of the reproductive functions. PMID- 6796976 TI - Spontaneous formation of immunogenic conjugates by a biotransformation product of sulfanilamide. AB - 3-hydroxy-sulfanilamide (3-HS) has been previously shown to be formed in significant amounts in rabbits and humans treated with sulfanilamide. In the present paper we demonstrate that 3-HS reacts readily with proteins at alkaline pH and forms conjugates capable to induce hapten specific antibodies in rabbits. According to our previous observations on ortho-aminophenol (OAP), the haptenic properties of 3-HS are apparently due to the presence in its molecule of an ortho aminophenolic structure, rendering it capable to form a highly reactive quinoneimine derivative. In spite of a similar mechanism of linking and of the presence of an ortho-aminophenolic structure in the two haptens, 3-HS and OAP immunological systems do not cross react with each other. The data presented here support the hypothesis that 3-HS may represent the hapten or one of the haptens involved in sulfonamide allergy. PMID- 6796977 TI - Other effects of monoaminergic inhibition with 6-hydroxydopamine and of disulfiram on the response to exercise in rats. AB - A considerable reduction of the run performance (tread-mill test) and a smaller impairment of the swimming capacity occurs in adult rats injected intraperitoneally in the neonatal period with three doses of 50 mg/kg b.w. or 6 hydroxydopamine. In other rats treated i. p. with disulfiram (200 mg/kg) the run performance was significantly reduced. These data, together with histological observations, show the important role of central and peripheral noradrenergic, and not only dopaminergic, mediation in the control of motor behaviour. PMID- 6796979 TI - Research on the activity of the cerebral MAO system during ageing. PMID- 6796978 TI - [Metabolic errors of the cystinuria-lysinuria, cystinosis type detected in the newborn infant and child with renal and ocular diseases]. PMID- 6796980 TI - 2-4-Dichloro-phenoxy-acetic acid interactions with the detoxification hepatic systems. AB - The present work has as aim to establish the interaction of 2-4-dichloro-phenoxy acetic acid with the detoxification hepatic systems. The activation of the mixed function oxidase-system (MFOS) which converts the compound to a powerful arylating agent detoxified by glutathione-S-transferase was observed. The dose used do not overpass the cell adaptive capacity, tested by the serum enzymes activities, tissue lipid peroxides and glutathione concentration. PMID- 6796981 TI - Alteration of catecholamine concentration in urine and ischemic heart disease. AB - Concentration of catecholamines (Adrenaline and Noradrenaline) was determined in the urine collected for 24 h from normal subjects and those with painful ischemic cardiopathy. Statistically significant results were obtained only for adrenaline whose concentration increased in the above mentioned pathological state. PMID- 6796982 TI - Sinoatrial node electrical activity recording through intracavitary leads. AB - Electrical activity of the sinoatrial node was recorded on bipolar intracavitary leads at superior vena caval-right atrial junction in ten patients. These recordings may be important for practical purposes, but they still have many limitations concerning the amount of the atrial potentials which can be recorded together with sinoatrial potential. PMID- 6796983 TI - The metabolism of the preserved heart. I. Does lactate properly reflect the functional state of the preserved heart? Part one. AB - Since there are controversial data and opinions on the use of lactate as a viability test for preserved hearts, investigations were carried out of the variations of lactate and pyruvate amounts in the perfusion fluid during hypothermic preservation of canine hearts by means of a perfusion fluid containing amino acids in "cytoplasmic" concentrations. These variations were interpreted in connection with the changes in the coronary perfusion flow during storage and the functional performances of the preserved hearts during long periods of subsequent ex vivo functional testing. Likewise, investigations of the ability of the myocardial mitochondria to oxidize in vitro lactate and pyruvate at low temperature levels were performed in order to explain the nature of the impairment in using these metabolic substrates during preservation and of the functional cardiac disturbances after resuscitation. The investigations have led to the conclusion that lactate should not be used as the sole index of heart storage efficiency and that it gains in significance only when a high myocardial lactate production is associated with a progressively increasing resistance in the coronary vasculature during preservation. The possible metabolic significance of the results obtained in these investigations are amply discussed. PMID- 6796984 TI - [Longitudinal study of various morphologic and functional parameters in school children (7-11 years old)]. PMID- 6796985 TI - Direct stimulation of the transfer of antibiotic resistance by sex pheromones in Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 6796986 TI - The role of vasodilator therapy in the management of the patient with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6796987 TI - Coexistent manic symptoms and multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6796988 TI - Respiratory inhibition from chicken intrapulmonary chemoreceptors reduced by increasing rate of repetitive PCO2 changes. AB - There is no functional residual capacity in the avian lung, so during inspiration the PCO2 of the gas entering the exchange region abruptly changes from its maximum, the dead space PCO2, to its minimum, the inspired PCO2. Dynamic responses of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (i.p.c.s) to positive and negative going steps in PCO2 are asymmetrical and have maxima occurring at times comparable to inspiratory duration. Thus, the respiratory inhibition that i.p.c.s produce could depend on respiratory frequency. We tested this hypothesis by changing intrapulmonary PCO2 repetitively between 7 and 42 torr in the non perfused left lungs of eight unidirectionally ventilated thoracotomized chickens. Right intrapulmonary and arterial PCO2 were kept constant. Respiratory movements were calibrated in terms of steady state intrapulmonary PCO2 levels. At PCO2 repetition rates comparable to normal respiratory frequency, respiratory movements were equal to those expected for an intrapulmonary PCO2 2--3 torr lower than the average of the two PCO2 levels used. This difference increased linearly as the logarithm of the repetition rate decreased. We conclude that respiratory inhibition by i.p.c.s is inversely related to respiratory rate as well as to average intrapulmonary PCO2 levels. Because respiratory frequency itself is negatively related to i.p.c. discharge frequency, i.p.c.s may provide control over respiratory frequency even if average PCO2 levels do not change. PMID- 6796989 TI - Humoral nature of the urine response to simulation of atrial receptors. AB - The diuretic response to stimulation of left atrial receptors by distending small balloons located at the pulmonary vein--left atrial junctions and in the left atrial appendage was studied in anaesthetized dogs in which bretylium tosylate, atenolol and atropine had been administered to effect blockade of renal nerves and to prevent increases in heart rate resulting from stimulation of atrial receptors. In these dogs, distension of the balloons was not associated with significant changes in heart rate, left atrial pressure or arterial blood pressure, and resulted in increases in urine flow, decreases in urinary sodium concentration and no significant changes in urinary sodium excretion. It is concluded that the humoral mechanism is responsible for the diuresis in response to stimulation of atrial receptors and has no significant effect on the response of natriuresis known to involve a decrease in the activity in the renal nerves and haemodynamic changes associated with stimulation of atrial receptors. PMID- 6796990 TI - [Immunoglobulinic fragments of urinary proteins in patients affected by acute pneumonopathies, lung cancer and tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - This study reports the immunoelectrophoretic analysis performed on 95 samples of urinary proteins. This analysis shows that in the majority of cases the migrant proteins in gamma position are F(ab) and Fc fragments, and free light chains with a molecular weight between 70,000 and 10,000. There is evidence of an increase in the immunoglobulinic fragments during inflammatory processes and their disappearance afterwards. This phenomenon proves that the elimination of these fragments evidences an increased synthesis of immunoglobulins and consequently also an increased catabolism. PMID- 6796991 TI - [Diagnostic problems related to toxoplasmic infections. Evaluation of specific immunoglobulins by immunoadsorption as compared with other methods]. PMID- 6796992 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of radioresistant Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis mutants]. PMID- 6796993 TI - [Cytogenetic aspects of using neutrons in radiation therapy. 2. The biological effect of fast neutrons with an energy of 6.0 MeV]. PMID- 6796994 TI - [Activity of pepsin and its serum inhibitor in x-ray irradiation and in experimental therapy]. PMID- 6796995 TI - [Investigation of renal clearance in nuclear medicine (author's transl)]. AB - Comparative investigations of PAH- and inulin-clearance and results of investigations with J-131-hippurate and Cr-51-EDTA, which were performed by a partly screened whole body counter including measurements of activity retention of blood samples, are showing good correlation. If the radioisotope nephrography is worked out together with the decreased retention curve, separate results of the function of both kidneys can be given. Modifications which were tried to analyze a small part of the retention curve instead of the whole body are inaccurate, if they are below 300 ml/min. PMID- 6796999 TI - An overview of studies on estrogens, oral contraceptives and breast cancer. PMID- 6796998 TI - Rickets associated with cholestasis and parenteral nutrition in premature infants. AB - Fourteen premature infants on prolonged total parenteral nutrition (TPN) exhibited radiographic evidence of rickets. All had received supplementary doses of vitamin D that, in retrospect, may have been inadequate. Cholestasis and rickets resolved in the 10 surviving infants after they were started on oral feelings, which corrected their hypophosphatemia. On the assumption that they might be deficient in vitamin D, they were given high doses of it. In retrospect, it appears probable that rickets in such cases is caused by hypophosphatemia, due to inadequate phosphorus intake, and that vitamin D deficiency is of little or no importance. PMID- 6796996 TI - [Comparison of conventional renal clearance values with differently evaluated results of radioisotope nephrography (author's transl)]. AB - 81 patients with renal abnormalities or renal disorders of different genesis and severity with and without restricted renal function were investigated by means of the classical PAH- and inulin-clearance. Furthermore a radioisotope nephrography was carried out after application of I 131-Hippuran followed by Cr 51-EDTA. In addition the activity reduction was measured above the shoulder, as well as the activity in serum samples and urine samples gained 30 min after application. A comparison of the clearance values found with those of conventional clearance resulted in poor correlation for I 131-Hippuran (r = 0.54) and no correlation for Cr51-EDTA. Of the many parameters of the radioisotope nephrogram curves only the following are able to give sufficient quantitative functional results: The parameters connected with the rise of the curve between the 48rh and 120rh s and those connected with the slope of the secant. This is also true for the values of activity measured in the urine. PMID- 6796997 TI - Effect of combined misonidazole and accelerated neon ions on a human melanoma transplanted into nude mice. AB - The response to accelerated neon ions of human Nall melanomas growing in nude mice was measured by an in vitro colony-forming assay following in situ tumor irradiation in the midposition of a 10-cm extended-peak ionization region. Values of the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for peak neon ions compared with 60Co gamma radiation were 3.2 and 3.4, respectively, at the 1% and 10% survival levels. Following irradiation with peak neon ions, the repair of potentially lethal damage (PLD) was comparable to that observed after gamma irradiation. When misonidazole (1 mg/g intraperitoneal dose) was administered in combination with extended-peak neon ions, the drug enhancement ratio (ER) at the 1% survival level was 1.5 if the tumors were removed and plated in vitro immediately following irradiation, and 1.9 if tumor excision and plating were delayed for greater than 6 hours. Administration of misonidazole completely inhibited PLD repair following either gamma irradiation or extended-peak neon-ion irradiation. PMID- 6797000 TI - [Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers]. PMID- 6797001 TI - [Effect of appetite stimulation on the rate of weight recovery in children with protein-calorie malnutrition]. PMID- 6797002 TI - [Determination of immunoglobulin M in 129 normal neonates in Santiago [author's transl]. PMID- 6797005 TI - DNA damaging effects of three sesquiterpene lactones in repair-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Three sesquiterpene lactones (hymenoxon, helenalin, and tenulin) were tested for genotoxicity using six strains of Bacillus subtilis. Hymenoxon was found to produce lethal DNA damage in strains rec A8 and mc-1 while helenalin was lethal in strains mc-1 and rec E4. Tenulin did not produce lethal DNA damage in any of the strains tested. PMID- 6797004 TI - [Kidney function in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Evaluation of a comparative clinical study]. PMID- 6797003 TI - [2 methods of quantifying immunoglobulins, Radial immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence]. PMID- 6797006 TI - Regional differences in peroxidatic activation of paracetamol (acetaminophen) mediated by cytochrome P450 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase in rabbit kidney. AB - Microsomes from renal cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla of rabbit kidneys were found to catalyze the metabolic activation of paracetamol (acetaminophen), leading to covalent binding to protein when incubated with cumene hydroperoxide and T-butyl hydroperoxide. Differential distribution of cytochrome P450 and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and each enzyme's preference for either cumene hydroperoxide or T-butyl hydroperoxide enabled the present investigation to distinguish their respective contributions in the cooxidative activation of paracetamol. Addition of methemoglobin caused enhancement of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase mediated activation of paracetamol when initiated by both arachidonic acid and the hydroperoxides. Aspirin and indomethacin inhibited the protein covalent binding of the reactive metabolite of paracetamol only when its formation was initiated by arachidonic acid. This study demonstrates the differences in the peroxidation metabolic activation of paracetamol mediated by cytochrome P450 (cortex greater than outer medulla greater than inner medulla) and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase (inner medulla greater than outer medulla greater than cortex) in rabbit kidney. PMID- 6797007 TI - Changes in blood composition and urinary mineral excretion in the sheep in response to acute acid-base disturbance. PMID- 6797008 TI - Effect of verapamil on pulmonary reflexes in the vascularly isolated canine lung: physiology. AB - Breathing frequency (BF) may be affected by changes in the percent inspired CO2 administered to vascularly isolated lungs. Pulmonary CO2 probably affects BF, in part, through a secondary effect of CO2 on airway smooth muscle. To further determine the role of pulmonary mechanics in the pulmonary CO2-mediated BF response, Verapamil, a Ca++ blocking agent which blocks hypocapnic airway constriction, was administered to the vascularly isolated lungs of the dog. Verapamil blocked the hypocapnic airway constriction which occurred when pulmonary CO2 was reduced; however, the decrease in BF was not only blocked but in some animals there was an increase in BF. Also, the decrease in BF produced by hyperinflation of the lungs (Hering-Breuer reflex) was either blocked or an increase in BF occurred after administration of Verapamil. PMID- 6797010 TI - [Studies of A--vDCO2 in the total lung rebreathing method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797009 TI - [Pulmonary circulatory disturbance due to pulmonary peripheral lesions--etiology of experimental pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6797011 TI - [Plasmatic dosages in the study of the thyroid function (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797012 TI - [The intravenous pentagastrin test in gastroduodenal pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797014 TI - [Pharmacology and therapeutics. Enteral feeding]. PMID- 6797013 TI - Human thyroxine binding globulin (TBG). PMID- 6797015 TI - [The nurse and parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6797016 TI - [Immunohematology: blood groups]. PMID- 6797017 TI - [INSALUD or the class struggle. Instituto Nacional de Salud]. PMID- 6797018 TI - Tattletale lesions: an unusual deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6797019 TI - Investigations on carotenoids in insects. I. The presence and metabolism of carotenoid pigments in the aphids. PMID- 6797021 TI - Impairment of mitochondria and Pasteur effect. II. ATP concentration-dependent Pasteur effect. PMID- 6797022 TI - [Complex characteristics of Rothia dentocariosa strains as possible etiological factors in periodontitis]. PMID- 6797020 TI - Impairment of mitochondria and Pasteur effect. I. Stimulatory effect of factors released from mitochondria on glycolysis. PMID- 6797023 TI - [Accessory blood vessels of the umbilical cord in the third trimester of physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 6797024 TI - [Studies on the effect of a new verucarin E analog WER I on the growth of experimental neoplasms]. PMID- 6797025 TI - [Neurosecretory activity of the supraoptic nucleus in rats in the course of experimental small-intestinal obstruction]. PMID- 6797026 TI - [Effect of somatotropin on healing of experimental mandibular fractures in rats]. PMID- 6797027 TI - [Metabolism of erythrocytes in fetal erythroblastosis]. PMID- 6797028 TI - [Use of simplified hydrobiological tests for evaluation of purity of water of the rivers Biala, Suprasl and Narew]. PMID- 6797029 TI - [Fecal streptococci as indicators of fecal water contamination. V. Use of phages for identification of Streptococcus faecalis isolated from sewage, water and soil]. PMID- 6797030 TI - [Effect of starch and egg products on the development of Bacillus cereus in milk]. PMID- 6797031 TI - [Fecal streptococci as indicators of fecal water contamination. VI. Use of immunofluorescence technic for detection of group D streptococci in the water and sewage]. PMID- 6797032 TI - [Osteonecrosis of the femoral head in Waldenstrom's disease]. PMID- 6797033 TI - Transcutaneous measurement of arterialized capillary blood PCO2 by a new mass spectrometer inlet system. AB - A new mass spectrometer inlet system for transcutaneous measurement of capillary blood PCO2 is described. The system is constructed to allow calibration in a gas mixture of known composition. The accuracy and precision of the system is demonstrated in human experiments, in which the PCO2 measured by the new probe is shown to be highly correlated with arterialized capillary PCO2 measured by Astrup's equilibration technique. PMID- 6797034 TI - The effect of IgG, F(ab)2 and serum on the glucose metabolism in human leucocytes. AB - The glucose metabolism in human leucocytes was strongly stimulated by IgG, independent of whether phagocytosis occurred or not. The percentage increase was highest in the pentose phosphate pathway. Maximum stimulation of the glucose oxidation occurred with an IgG concentration of 1-4 g/l. The insignificant effect of F(ab)2 fragments indicated that the Fc piece is necessary for the stimulation by IgG. In nonphagocytosing leucocytes, serum stimulated the lactate production more and the CO2 production less than indicated by the IgG content of the serum. During phagocytosis or with high IgG concentrations, serum increased the glucose oxidation to a greater extent that did IgG alone. These results indicate that IgG is one of the components in serum most important for the stimulation of glucose oxidation in leucocytes. Serum factors counteracting the stimulation of glucose oxidation by IgG in nonphagocytosing leucocytes may have a regulating effect in vivo. PMID- 6797035 TI - A comparison of four different blood gas analysers. AB - Four automatic blood gas analysers from four different manufactures were evaluated and compared. The measurements were performed on blood representing respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia, normal conditions, and respiratory alkalosis and hyperoxemia. On each level nine complete runs were carried out, each run consisting of six replicates of each parameter (pH, Pco2 and Po2) on each instrument (six rounds). Only the directly measured parameters (pH, Pco2, Po2) were compared. The main conclusion is that the four instruments can be used alternatively, and that the differences between the values measured by the four instruments are of little clinical significance. PMID- 6797037 TI - Macro creatine kinase BB isoenzyme in serum: most likely an antigen-autoantibody complex. AB - Nine sera containing an abnormal creatine kinase BB isoenzyme, "macro CK-BB", were examined. Immunoglobulin precipitation after addition of radiolabelled CK-BB suggested that in eight of the sera the enzyme was linked to an immunoglobulin G. Results obtained with papain-digested and with pepsin-digested IgG suggested that the binding of CK-BB occurred in the antigen-binding region (the "Fab-region") of IgG. Each of the two antigen-binding fragments of IgG, obtained by papain digestion, were CK-BB specific, since they complexed this isoenzyme equally well when excess CK-MM and CK-MB was added. From Scatchard plots the affinity constant for binding of CK-BB to IgG and the BB-binding capacity of four of the sera was calculated. The affinity constant was high and differed little between the sera (range 0.7 x 10(11)-1.6 x 10(11)1/mol). The BB-binding capacity differed widely (range 21-900 microgram of CK-BB per litre of serum), but in each serum it roughly paralleled the activity of the macro CK-BB complex. The results suggest that in eight of the nine sera examined the BB-binding IgG is an antibody with activity directed towards CK-BB. PMID- 6797036 TI - Free thyroxine, thyroxine/TBG ratio and other in vitro tests of thyroid function evaluated by discriminant analysis. AB - T4, T3, TSH, FT4 (Corning method), TBG, T3U and a diversity of free thyroid hormone indices were determined in serum from 72 reference persons and 337 patients with either thyroid diseases, TBG abnormalities, non-thyroid illnesses, or medications known to affect the results of thyroid function tests. Ninety-six per cent were 20 years or older. None of the laboratory parameters showed significant age or sex dependence, whereas systemic illness and medications frequently influenced test results. Thus the mean values of all patient groups differed significantly from those of the reference group in two or more laboratory tests, and significantly from those of the reference group in two or more laboratory tests, and significant differences were detected in 73% of the total number of 209 paired comparisons of test results between reference and patient groups. As a single parameter, free thyroxine index was found to be a marginally more efficient thyroid function discriminator than FT4, which again was more efficient than the T4/TBG ratio. However, non of these parameters were included in the combinations of laboratory tests identified as optimum by discriminant analysis. The overall optimum test combination was T4, TSH and T3U, which had an efficiency for correct thyroid function reclassification better than 98% in the total material. T3 replaced TSH in distinguishing between hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism. PMID- 6797038 TI - Immunoassay for transferrin using LKB 8600 Reaction Rate Analyzer. AB - A rapid immunochemical method for transferrin determination is described. The method is based on measuring turbidity caused by antigen-antibody complexes with an enzyme analyser using diluted antiserum as a starting reagent. This immunoturbidimetric method correlates well with TIBC (r=0.979; n=36). A comparison with the radial immunodiffusion method gave the correlation coefficient 0.984 and the regression line y=1.20x-0.54 (n=36). PMID- 6797039 TI - Free light chains of immunoglobulins. PMID- 6797040 TI - Calcium balance and bone mineral content following small-intestinal resection. PMID- 6797041 TI - Effects of hydrocortisone and pentagastrin on the activity of intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase in weanling rats. AB - Effect of bilateral adrenalectomy and subsequent injections of hydrocortisone and pentagastrin on the activity of different intestinal digestive enzymes were measured in 20-day-old rats. Eleven days after adrenalectomy the activity of lactase, sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase, but not maltase, was significantly decreased when compared with sham-operated rats. In adrenalectomized rats, repeated injections of hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) significantly increased the activity of lactase, sucrase, maltase, and alkaline phosphatase by 15%, 49%, 32% and 121%, respectively, over the corresponding adrenalectomized control. Pentagastrin (500 microgram/kg) injections to adrenalectomized rats produced significant 41% and 58% increments in lactase and alkaline phosphatase activities, compared with the adrenalectomized control. Sucrase activity was unaffected by pentagastrin, but maltase showed a non-significant 34% higher activity than in the adrenalectomized control. Adrenalectomy by itself lowered the Km and Vmax of alkaline phosphatase by 33% and 66%, respectively, which were increased to 95% and 70% of the corresponding sham-operated level by either hydrocortisone or pentagastrin treatment. When intestinal homogenates from salinetreated adrenalectomized rats were mixed in equal proportion with homogenates from sham-operated or hydrocortisone- or pentagastrin-treated animals, Km values for alkaline phosphatase were found to be similar to those observed for sham-operated or hormone-treated groups alone. However, in the same mixed preparations Vmax values were found to be additive. PMID- 6797042 TI - Sorbin, a peptide contained in porcine upper small intestine which induces the absorption of water and sodium in the rat duodenum. AB - A fraction increasing water and sodium absorption in rat duodenum was detected in the material obtained at an early stage of purification of the hitherto isolated duodenal hormones. In Wistar rats, duodenal loops were made in situ and filled with a solution containing 0.138 mM NaCl, with 14C PEG and 22Na as markers; the final content was collected after 1 h and the movements of water and Na measured. In contrast to secretin, cholecystokinin, and somatostatin, which induced duodenal secretion, and with pentagastrin, which induced duodenal absorption and stimulated acid secretion, this fraction induced duodenal absorption f Na and water without stimulating acid secretion. The fraction was obtained by chromatography of a concentrate of intestinal peptides in 0.2 M acetic acid on Sephadex G25 (fine), and its active component was found to be methanol-soluble at pH4 and insoluble at pH7.5. It was eluted from carboxymethylcellulose 22 with 0.04 M ammonium bicarbonate and gel filtration of Sephadex G50 *fine), resulting in a tenfold increase in activity. Incubation with chymotrypsin suppressed the biological activity, indicating a peptidic nature. The substance displayed biological and radioimmunological properties distinct from those of the gastrointestinal hormones. Particularly, no cross-reactivity was found with gastrin, prolactin, and angiotensin, which are known to increase intestinal absorption. It therefore seems possible that the activity described is due to a peptide that has as yet not been isolated. The name 'sorbin' is proposed for this active principle. PMID- 6797043 TI - Further purification of gastrozymin and spectrum of activities. AB - Gastrozymin differed from secretin in several chromatographic and solubility characteristics. However, it showed a spectrum of activities which resembled those of secretin, including stimulation of pepsin, hepatic bile secretion, and pancreatic bicarbonate secretion. This study revealed differences in the quantitative ratios of these activities when induced by secretin or gastrozymin. In particular, if the ratio of the stimulation of pepsin secretion to that of pancreatic juice bicarbonate was 1:1 for secretin, it was 4:1 for gastrozymin. Further purification will show whether all these effects are induced by one molecule or by several peptides. It will also determine whether there is a structural relationship between gastrozymin and secretin or its precursor(s). PMID- 6797044 TI - Biliary pigment and cholesterol calculi in patients with and without juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula. AB - The occurrence of pigment and cholesterol calculi was studied in 45 patients with concrements in the gallbladder but no calculi in the common or intrahepatic bile ducts. Twenty-one of the patients had juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula diagnosed by duodenoscopy. Twenty-four patients had no diverticula. The classification of the calculi as pigment stones or cholesterol stones was based on quantitative determination of the cholesterol contents. Calculi with a cholesterol content of less than 25% were classified as pigment stones; calculi with a cholesterol content of more than 25% were classified as cholesterol stones. All pigment stones had a cholesterol content of less than 20%. With the exception of four patients the cholesterol content was over 70% in all cholesterol stones. Twelve of the 21 patients with were classified as pigment stones; calculi with a cholesterol content of more than 25% were classified as cholesterol stones. All pigment stones had a cholesterol content of less than 20%. With the exception of four patients the cholesterol content was over 70% in all cholesterol stones. Twelve of the 21 patients with were classified as pigment stones; calculi with a cholesterol content of more than 25% were classified as cholesterol stones. All pigment stones had a cholesterol content of less than 20%. With the exception of four patients the cholesterol content was over 70% in all cholesterol stones. Twelve of the 21 patients with diverticula had pigment stones, whereas only 1 of the 24 patients without diverticula had pigment calculi, a difference that was statistically significant (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6797045 TI - Effect of Pentagastrin, secretin, and cholecystokinin on gastric secretion of pepsin in man. AB - In eight volunteers the effect of pentagastrin (0.15, 1.0 and 6.0 microgram/kg body weight/h), secretin (0.5 and 1.0 clinical units/kg b.w./h), and cholecystokinin (CCK) (0.5 and 1.0 Ivy dog units/kg b.w./h) on the gastric secretion of pepsin was investigated to ascertain whether interaction occurred. A high intraindividual variation was found, and also a significant washout of pepsin in the initial period after stimulation. Pepsin secretion was stimulated after pentagastrin (50% above basal level) and even more after secretin (75%-200% above basal level), whereas no stimulation but a tendency for depression was seen after CCK. With the doses of gastrointestinal hormones used in this investigation, no interaction between secretin and CCK on gastric secretion of pepsin in man was demonstrated. PMID- 6797046 TI - Arterial oxygen tension changes in elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. II. Influence of the narcotic premedication and endoscope diameter. AB - Changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were determined in 56 patients, mean age 67 years, during elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with standard or pediatric instruments. All the patients received intravenous atropine, diazepam, and either meperidine or fentanyl premedication. There was an immediate and significant fall in PaO2 levels (20.3%-16.5%) after both narcotic injections. The oxygen tension remained significantly depressed during the endoscopic examinations except in the group receiving fentanyl premedication and examined with the narrow pediatric instrument. To minimize hypoxemia in elderly patients during endoscopy, a short-acting narcotic or, preferably, no narcotic at all should be used in the premedication, and a narrow, pediatric instrument be used. PMID- 6797047 TI - In vitro generation of eosinophil chemotactic factor from human and murine mononuclear phagocytes. AB - Low molecular weight eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF), which has previously been demonstrated in mast cells, basophils, neutrophils and eosinophils, was shown to be released by several types of mononuclear phagocytes. Highly purified rat peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes produced ECF on stimulation with the calcium ionophore A23187 (Ion) and with phagocytic stimuli in a time dependent fashion, whereas lymphocyte- or mast cell-specific stimuli were ineffective. Two murine macrophage lines and a fibroblast cell line (L cells) also generated and secreted ECF with the different stimuli. ECF from macrophages was similar to that from neutrophils in its target cell specificity (eosinophils and neutrophils) and its elution profile on Sephadex G-10 columns (300-500 dalton). ECF secretion from monocytes was not affected by mitomycin C or cycloheximide, whereas indomethacin enhanced and a phospholipase A inhibitor decreased its production. These in vitro findings suggest that, through ECF, mononuclear phagocytes may potentially regulate eosinophil and neutrophil influx to sites of inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6797048 TI - Promotive and inhibitory effects of macrophages on the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes: a flow-cytometric study. AB - The effect of various concentrations of rat-liver macrophages on the Con-A induced blastogenesis of syngeneic spleen lymphocytes has been studied by means of flow-cytometric methods and by measurement of the uptake of 3H-thymidine. By measuring the distributions of cellular and nuclear volume and cellular DNA to characterize the progression of responding lymphocytes through the cell cycle, we have distinguished a promotive and an inhibitory effect of macrophages. The promotive effect is on the number of cells initiating blastogenesis and on their rate of progression through the cell cycle. The degree of promotion increased strongly with the concentration of macrophages even for concentrations that suppressed the incorporation of 3H-thymidine almost completely from about 30 h of culture. The inhibition observed for macrophage concentrations +/- 10% was a late effect causing stagnation of cell cycle and reduced viability only from about 24 h of culture. PMID- 6797049 TI - Quantitative precipitin analysis of free and hidden RF IgM. AB - Quantitative precipitin analysis using rabbit IgG anti-human Fc mu was performed with 16 RF IgM, six macroglobulinaemic IgM and four normal IgM. Abnormal precipitin curves were obtained for all RF IgM, even when the latter were not readily demonstrated with conventional serological tests for RF, and for macroglobulinaemic IgM with sedimentation rates greater than 19S. These IgM formed significantly more precipitates with IgG anti-Fcmu in the antigen excess zone than did normal IgM, but the precipitin curves for the other zones were similar for all IgM. The underlying mechanisms of some of the reactions were studied and discussed. Because the divergence in the precipitin reaction for normal IgM and RF IgM was so pronounced, a model precipitin curve was constructed. This could be used to detect RF IgM, even when not readily demonstrable with conventional serological tests for RF, by direct analysis of serum. The results obtained for RF IgM suggested that the method might be applied to RF IgG and intermediate complexes comprised of IgG. The mechanisms demonstrated here might be used to develop immunological methods for routine use. PMID- 6797050 TI - Further structural and antigenic studies of light-chain amyloid proteins. AB - The major subunit protein of amyloid fibrils (758) isolated from a patient with systemic amyloidosis and studied by N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis was found to be almost identical to the sequence of a V lambda IV Bence-Jones protein and a previously described A lambda IV amyloid protein. The two A lambda IV amyloid proteins showed strong antigenic cross-reaction, appearing as antigenic identity in double immunodiffusion tests using anti-A lambda IV antiserum raised against one or the other of the two proteins. In addition, another new A lambda V amyloid fibril protein (R.S.) showed strong amino acid sequence homology and antigenic identity in double immunodiffusions with the prototype of the A lambda V subgroup (the AR protein). Finally, 20 primary or myeloma-associated amyloid proteins were characterized using antisera against the AA and several Ig light chain-derived amyloid proteins. PMID- 6797051 TI - Clinical significance of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in the peripheral blood in patients with multiple myeloma. AB - Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were enumerated in the peripheral blood of 31 patients with multiple myeloma, nine patients with so-called benign monoclonal gammopathy, and ten patients with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia or idiopathic hypogammaglobulinaemia. Immunoglobulin-secreting cells were detected by a haemolytic plaque assay using protein-A-coated erythrocytes in the presence of class- or type-specific rabbit anti-human immunoglobulin antisera. In about two-thirds of patients with multiple myeloma, cells secreting the same light chain isotype of their serum M-protein increased in number, whereas this was not the case in the patients with so-called benign monoclonal gammopathy. Follow-up studies of immunoglobulin-secreting cells in multiple myeloma revealed that these cells increased or decreased, correlating with the severity of the disease, and alterations were more rapid than other clinical features. This plaque assay is therefore useful in evaluating the response to chemotherapy in patients with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6797052 TI - Epidemiology of Neisseria meningitidis; prevalence and symptoms from the upper respiratory tract in family members to patients with meningococcal disease. AB - The prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis during endemic conditions was studied in 2 groups of people: (1) 64 family members to patients with meningococcal disease, and (2) 64 family members to patients with meningitis due to Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae. In group 1 the carrier rate of meningococci of the same serogroup, sensitivity to sulphonamide, and serotype (group B) as the index strain was 34%. The carrier rate of meningococci group A, B, C and Y was 39% in group 1 and 1.6% in group 2. The 25 times higher carrier rate in group 1 gives some explanation of the increased risk for family members to patients with meningococcal disease. This risk was calculated to have been 3,000-4,000 times higher for the family members during one month after the diagnosis of an index case 1965-1977 in our county. The hypothesis that meningococci as a rule are introduced into a family by an adult and then spread within the family to a child finds no support in the present study. A statistically highly significant association was found between carriage of pathogenic meningococci and symptoms from the upper respiratory tract. PMID- 6797053 TI - Serum antibodies reactant with Korean haemorrhagic fever agent in Scandinavian epidemic (endemic) nephropathy (nephropathia epidemica) demonstrated by immunofluorescence utilizing an in vitro antigen source. AB - A newly developed spot slide immunofluorescence method utilizing an in vitro antigen source was used for the first time for the assay of antibodies reactant with the Korean haemorrhagic fever (KHF) agent in sera from patients diagnosed with Scandinavian epidemic (endemic) nephropathy (nephropathia epidemica, NE) and from age-matched control patients living in the same area as the NE patients but suffering from other diseases. KHF antibodies were demonstrated in all of 14 NE patients who were followed prospectively, 7 of whom exhibited seroconversion and in 6 of 8 NE patients studied retrospectively, but in only one of 42 controls. Antibodies in NE appeared within the first week of onset of symptoms and persisted for long periods of time as seen in KHF. The time from the onset of the illness until maximum antibody titre was recorded varied from 9 days to 1 month. On an average, the level of the antibody titres measured in NE was lower than that usually encountered in the Korean disease. The results indicate a close antigenic relationship between the KHF and NE agents and demonstrate that the reliability of our new spot slide method is similar to that of another previously reported and more laborious immunofluorescence method using lung from infected rodents as antigen source. PMID- 6797054 TI - Several factors influencing the colonization of group B streptococci--rectum probably the main reservoir. AB - Women (1 268) attending a gynaecological clinic or a venereal disease clinic had positive cultures of group B streptococci from urethra in 27.8% and from rectum in 29.4%. The colonization rate was highest in patients from the venereal disease clinic (p less than 0.001). In a study of 405 of the females at different parts of the menstrual cycle group B streptococci were detected during the last half of the cycle in specimens from cervix in 18%, from urethra in 29% (p less than 0.005), and from rectum in 35% (p less than 0.001). The correlation between contraceptive methods and isolation of group B streptococci was investigated for 435 women. Females with intrauterine devices but not those using oral contraceptives had a significantly increased colonization rate genitally. The colonization rate of group B streptococci was also studied in 271 women using sanitary tampons and 129 women using sanitary towel. Those using tampons were significantly more often colonized. Cultures for Neisseria gonorrhoeae were performed from 380 patients but no correlation between N. gonorrhoeae and group B streptococci was found. The study supports the view that rectum and not the genito-urinary tract is the main reservoir of group B streptococci in females, that genital colonization mainly represents contamination from the gastrointestinal flora and sexual transmission is only one of many factors influencing the colonization rate. PMID- 6797056 TI - Acute viral hepatitis, types A, B and non-A, non-B: a prospective study of the epidemiological, laboratory and prognostic aspects in 280 consecutive cases. PMID- 6797057 TI - Asymptomatic congenital Chagas' disease in a 5-year-old child. AB - A case of asymptomatic Chagas' disease is a 5-year-old boy is described. The boy was born in Romania in 1975 and had never visited an area where Chagas' disease is endemic. It is important bear in mind the possibility of transplacental transmission, in view of increasing number of immigrants and refugees coming from South and Central America. PMID- 6797055 TI - Studies on some variables influencing aminoglycoside efficacy in vivo and in vitro. AB - The penetration of various aminoglycosides into uninfected and infected fluids of steel net cages, implanted subcutaneously into rabbits, was studied. The pharmacokinetics of the antibiotics tested in these fluids were characterized by a peak concentration which was delayed in relation to that in serum after both intramuscular and intravenous administration, and by a slower elimination from cage fluids than from serum. Comparing amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin and tobramycin, the latter seemed to have a somewhat lower penetrability into uninfected cage fluids. Infection of the cage fluids with gram-negative aerobic bacteria resulted in a reduction of the measurable concentrations of amikacin, gentamicin or netilmicin in the cage fluids when compared to those obtained in uninfected fluids in the same rabbits. Elimination of the aminoglycosides from the infected cage fluids was slower than from the uninfected ones. The lower concentrations of the aminoglycosides in infected cage fluids were considered to be primarily due to a penetration barrier created by the infection. The viable counts in infected cage fluids were only marginally affected in cages where the aminoglycoside concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC's) of the aminoglycosides against the bacterial strains used for infection when tested in vitro according to standard techniques. In infected cage fluids the pO2 and pH were low, while the pCO2 was high. The number of viable bacteria was high. These factors, which in vitro increased the MIC's of the agents, and the low concentrations achieved in infected cage fluids could explain the inefficacy of aminoglycoside treatment in this experimental model. PMID- 6797058 TI - The role of proteases and exotoxin A in the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. AB - Most Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains produce exotoxin A and two extracellular proteases (elastase and alkaline protease). Exotoxin A is a lethal toxin that inhibits protein synthesis in mammalian cells by the same mechanism as diphtheria toxin. It is generated in clinical and experimental animal infections. Passive or active immunization against this toxin gives significant protection against experimental infections with exotoxin-producing strains. The proteases have tissue-damaging activity and are capable of degrading various plasma proteins such as complement and coagulation factors. Proteases probably play a part in localized pseudomonas infections such as keratitis, pneumonia and burn infection. When invasion and colonization have occurred and septicemia is established, these enzymes probably are less important. PMID- 6797059 TI - Pathogenetic factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is easily differentiated from the two other most common pseudomonad pathogens, is low. This species primarily causes disease in patients with local anatomic changes or in the immune compromized hosts. A number of bacterial factors are involved in the pathogenesis of the microbe. Surface structures like the glycocalyx-capsular material-is involved in attachment to mucosal surfaces and resistance against phagocytosis and immunolysis of cells. The interference with bacterial components on mucociliar clearance of the bronchial tract have been described. In cystic fibrosis local environmental substances enhancing the production of capsular material have been described and the tendency for colonization of mucoid strains in cystic fibrosis probably is related to these factors. Another general component of gram-negative bacteria is endotoxin, but the toxicity of this cell wall constituent is relatively low in P. aeruginosa. A number of proteolytic enzymes with a probable role in disease have been described: collagenase, fibrinolysin, elastase, caseinase, and gelatinase. A proteolytic enzyme with activity against substances like casein, egg albumin, gluten, and haemoglobin has been described. A component like exotoxin A can produce skin lesions and antibodies produced with toxoid of exotoxin A are protective against this bacterial agent. Enterotoxin has been described based on rabbit intestinal loop preparations, but has not been further characterized and diarrhoea is rarely caused by P. aeruginosa. Haemolytic effect has been caused by a heat labile phospholipase C and by a heat stabile moiety. A leucocidin has been described: this may in part be capsular material. In addition, an exoenzyme S has been suggested as a virulence factor. PMID- 6797060 TI - Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the compromised host. AB - A review is given of the role of the various host defences in man against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the mechanisms by which these are compromised in certain patient categories especially susceptible to serious Pseudomonas infections. The defects of host defences are usually complex and multiple, affecting various sites in the local and the systemic defences. Certain defects are emphasized, e.g. abnormalities of first line defences (skin, mucous membranes), and both quantitative and qualitative defects in polymorphonuclear granulocytes. However, it is also suggested that compromised functions of other components of antimicrobial defences may play a role in Pseudomonas infections, e.g. functional abnormalities in the systems of B cells. T cells and mononuclear phagocytes. Recent data suggesting mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa can exert suppressive effects on host defences, are mentioned, and the possibility of immunopathogenesis in Pseudomonas infections is discussed, particularly processes involving the complement system. Some important clinical features of Pseudomonas infections are described. The clinical peculiarities of bacterial infections in the severely neutropenic patient are emphasized, and exemplified with a brief description of Pseudomonas pneumonia. Finally, Pseudomonas septicaemia is mentioned with a brief discussion of certain important prognostic factors. It is concluded that a better understanding of the complex defense mechanisms against P. aeruginosa and therapeutic regimens by which they can be manipulated, is imperative to achieve any significant advances in the prevention and treatment of these infections. PMID- 6797061 TI - [A clinical study of pituitary gonadotropin activity]. PMID- 6797062 TI - Exposure to acetone. Uptake and elimination in man. AB - Eight male subjects were exposed to acetone vapor on two occasions for 2 h in the laboratory. On the first occasion they were exposed to about 1,300 mg/m3 during rest and on the second occasion to about 700 mg/m3 during rest (30 min) and exercise at different work loads on a bicycle ergometer (90 min). The total uptake of acetone was 0.6--1.2 g, and the relative uptake was about 45%. The concentration of acetone in alveolar air was 30--40% of that in the inspiratory air, and it was not affected by exposure time or work load. The concentration of acetone in blood increased continuously with increased uptake during exposure, and there was no tendency towards equilibrium. The half-time of acetone in alveolar air as about 4 h, and in venous and arterial blood it was about 6 and 4 h, respectively. The highest concentrations of acetone in urine were measured 3- 3.5 h after exposure. The elimination of acetone via the lungs corresponded to about 20% of the total uptake. Only about 1% of the uptake was excreted via urine. PMID- 6797064 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of heart rhythm disorders]. AB - Partial suppression of symptomatic arrhythmias is feasible in most instances. Suitability of drugs for long-term treatment depends on their side effects, costs and action duration. Discrepancies between elimination half life and duration of action are described. Perhaps the most important shortcoming in long-term suppression of potentially dangerous arrhythmias is the short-lived action of most available drugs. In a once-daily regimen with allowance for occasional omission, a drug action duration of more than 48 hours is desirable. This applies only to perhexiline, nadolol, amiodarone, digitoxin, and digoxin in elderly patients. PMID- 6797063 TI - [Factor VIII (coagulation activity VIII:C, antigen concentration VIIIR:Ag and von Willebrand factor) in patients with clinically expected intravascular coagulation]. AB - Factor VIII procoagulant activity, antigen concentration and von Willebrand activity as ristocetin cofactor were determined several times in 10 patients with DIC. These is a significant negative correlation between the DIC-score and the VIII:C/von Willebrand activity ratio. PMID- 6797065 TI - [Economic and political consequences of computer practice management]. PMID- 6797066 TI - [The effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on the digestive activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797067 TI - Preferential attack of mitochondrial DNA by aflatoxin B1 during hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Administration of the hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 to experimental animals results in covalent binding to liver mitochondrial DNA at concentrations three to four times higher than nuclear DNA. The concentration of carcinogen adducts in mitochondrial DNA remains unchanged even after 24 hours, possible because of lack of excision repair. Similarly, mitochondrial transcription and translation remain inhibited up to 24 hours suggesting long-term effects of aflatoxin B1 on the mitochondrial genetic system. PMID- 6797069 TI - Migration inhibition of endothelial cells by lymphokine-containing supernatants. AB - Many of the reactions of cellular immunity are mediated by soluble lymphocyte derived factors (lymphokines). One important category of lymphokine action involves effects on cell motility. These effects have been described mainly with respect to inflammatory cells. In this report, we describe the ability of a lymphocyte product to inhibit the migration of endothelial cells in a system in vitro. The responsible factor is distinct from a previously described mediator that inhibits the migration of tumor cells. The ability of lymphocytes to influence the migration properties of endothelial cells is consistent with data of others showing a relation between the immune system and processes involving neovascularization. PMID- 6797070 TI - Type D Haemophilus influenzae bacteremia. PMID- 6797071 TI - Further thoughts on SIDS (cot death) and carbon dioxide. PMID- 6797068 TI - Luteal phase defects induced by an agonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor: a model for fertility control. AB - Subcutaneous injection of 50 micrograms of a luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonist (LRF agonist) for three successive days at the time of menstruation in normal cycling women induces a shortened luteal phase with suboptimal concentrations of circulating estradiol and progesterone. This luteal phase defect follows a reduced concentration of follicle-stimulating hormone during the follicular phase and a resulting inadequate follicular maturation. Since a short luteal phase is associated with an endometrium not conductive to implantation, administration of the LRF agonist at the onset of menstrual cycle may prove to be a practical and novel approach to fertility control. PMID- 6797072 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of viral hepatitis in tropical countries]. PMID- 6797073 TI - [Effectiveness of a DNAse aerosol in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6797074 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin during acute period of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6797075 TI - [Serodiagnosis of meningococcal infection by the means of immunofluorescence technic]. PMID- 6797076 TI - Response to "Concepts in the Financial Management of Hospital Social Work Departments" in Social Work i Health Care, Vol. 5(3), Spring 1980. PMID- 6797077 TI - Parenteral nutrition in infants and children. PMID- 6797078 TI - Adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. PMID- 6797079 TI - Perspectives for adjuvant therapy. PMID- 6797080 TI - Morphologic and biophysical assessment of long term human umbilical cord vein implants used as vascular conduits. PMID- 6797081 TI - The pathologic implication of duodenal diverticula. AB - In a prospective study of 80 patients with duodenal diverticula and calculous biliary tract disease, bacteriocholia with typical intestinal bacteria was found in 51 of 71 patients, whereas, in cholelithiasis without duodenal diverticula, this complication was present in 278 of 809 patients. With an increasing distance between duodenal diverticula and the papilla of Vater, the rate of bacteriocholia decreases. Advancing age of the patients results in the augmentation of bacteriocholia. Bacteriocholia on the basis of duodenal diverticula seems to present an additional pathogenic factor for inflammatory biliary tract disease and pancreatitis. Consequently, the pathologic value of juxtapapillary duodenal diverticula is much more prominent than has so far been reported. PMID- 6797082 TI - Prolonged central venous catheterization through the saphenous vein. PMID- 6797083 TI - [New data on the pathogenesis of acute intestinal infections]. PMID- 6797084 TI - [The nature of gastric hypersecretion]. PMID- 6797085 TI - Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction as an expression of bronchial hyperreactivity: a study of its mechanisms in children. AB - The mechanism of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) was studied by observing the protective effects of several aerosol agents in a double-blind, randomised trial. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was not affected by placebo, but was reduced by each agent used (p less than 0.001). Blocking the parasympathetic system had the weakest effect, while beta 2 adrenergic stimulation produced the strongest effect which was significantly different from the parasympatholytic (p less than 0.02). The effect of the mast cell stabilizer, sodium cromoglycate (SCG) was found to be intermediate. However in some patients SCG had a stronger effect than the beta 2 adrenergic agonist. A relationship was found between EIB and bronchial hyperreactivity induced by histamine (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6797086 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in respiratory hypoxia. AB - Eight hypoxic male patients with stable chronic obstructive airways disease were submitted for combined anterior pituitary function testing. All subjects showed normal growth hormone and essentially normal cortisol responses to adequate hypoglycaemia, two subjects showed delayed responses of thyroid stimulating hormone to administered thyrotrophin releasing hormone and all had basal prolactin levels within normal limits. Basal levels of luteinising hormone were significantly lower than in the group of age-matched controls (p less than 0.02) but there was a normal increment after the injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone. Basal levels of follicle stimulating hormone were significantly lower than in the controls (p less than 0.01), and there was also a reduced response from the pituitary after injection of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (p less than 0.01). Resting levels of the thyroid hormones thyroxine and tri iodothyronine were normal while the expected subnormal testosterone level was observed (p less than 0.05). These results show that hypoxia can produce abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary function and that these are primarily located in the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. PMID- 6797087 TI - Sleep apnoea syndrome caused by neurofibromatosis and superior vena caval obstruction. PMID- 6797088 TI - Arachidonic acid-induced chemiluminescence of human platelets: contribution of the prostaglandin and lipoxygenase pathways. AB - Two signals of chemiluminescence are observed when platelets are exposed to arachidonic acid in the presence of luminol. Three groups of agents interfere with these luminescence responses. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, known to augment the turnover of arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase, inhibit the first and enhance the second signal of luminescence. Sodium azide, diamide, NEM, and the endoperoxide analogues U 44069 and U 46619 interfere with the second luminescence signal but not with the first one nor with the generation of MDA. These agents may represent selective inhibitors of the lipoxygenase pathway. Phenidone, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, quercetin, silybin, phenylthiazolyl-thiourea, and aminotriazole inhibit both luminescence signals promoted by arachidonic acid. Measurement of luminescence may provide a tool to follow the time course of arachidonic-acid turnover by prostaglandin synthetase and lipoxygenase in whole cells. PMID- 6797089 TI - The in vitro effect of ticlopidine on fibrinogen and factor VIII binding to human platelets. AB - The mode of action of the antiplatelet agent ticlopidine is not yet fully understood. Its multiple effects on platelet function include prolongation of the bleeding time, reduction in primary and secondary waves of ADP-induced aggregation and inhibition of collagen and thrombin-induced aggregation. We have studied the in vitro effects of ticlopidine on fibrinogen binding induced by ADP and adrenaline as well as factor VIII/vWF binding induced by ristocetin. 125I fibrinogen binding was measured in suspensions of freshly-washed normal platelets stimulated by 10 microM ADP or 10 microM adrenaline. The binding of 125I-factor VIII/vWF in the presence of 1 mg/ml ristocetin was measured in both washed and paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets. Ticlopidine at final concentrations of 200, 100, 50 and 25 microM inhibited both ADP and adrenaline-induced fibrinogen binding in a dose-dependent manner. The mean % inhibition of ADP-induced fibrinogen binding was 82, 73, 42 and 32 respectively. The mean % inhibition of adrenaline-induced fibrinogen binding was 86, 82, 60 and 35 respectively. In contrast, the factor VIII/vWF binding was unaffected by ticlopidine at all concentrations except at 200 microM using fresh platelets where a slight inhibition (19%) was observed. These results suggest that ticlopidine either inhibits platelet activation and consequently fibrinogen binding, or inhibits the binding directly, presumably by having an effect on the specific configuration of the platelet membrane required for normal fibrinogen binding. PMID- 6797090 TI - Changes in factor VIII complex activities during the production of a clinical intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate. AB - Samples taken at various stages of preparation of intermediate purity factor VIII concentrate were assayed for factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIIIC:Ag) and factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag). The antigen results were used to assess mechanical loss during fractionation as these markers are relatively stable. In contrast VIII:C is sensitive to both mechanical and inactivation losses. The major loss of factor VIII occurred during the cryoprecipitation and extraction step and was due to both mechanical loss and inactivation. Losses before and after this step were largely due to inactivation of the factor VIII. Assay of VIIIR:Ag in concentrates presented problems and a modified technique is suggested. PMID- 6797091 TI - In vivo studies on the inhibition of coagulation by fractionated heparin and by a heparin analogue. II. Effects of a heparin analogue. AB - SSHA, a semi-synthetic heparin analogue, and sodium heparin from porcine intestinal mucosa were injected subcutaneously into six healthy volunteers over a period of three days in a cross-over trial. Before injection and 2, 4, 6, 8 hrs afterwards, the heparin-like activity was measured with the APTT, the anti-Xa clotting test and two chromogenic substrate assays. The results show that SSHA mediates both anti-Xa and antithrombin activities in vivo. A comparison between the effects of SSHA and heparin is problematical due to the heterogeneity of different heparin preparations. Low doses of the analogue (45 mg s.c.) induced proportionally higher and longer lasting anti-Xa activities than higher doses (90 mg s.c.). Repeated injections of SSHA twice daily led to increasing effects on two tests for heparin-like activity, whereas two other tests remained unchanged. Both drugs were tolerated equally well, side effects were not detected. Clinical studies are required to demonstrate whether SSHA is similar or superior to low dose heparin for use in thrombosis prophylaxis. PMID- 6797092 TI - Dialysis and renal transplant in a hemophiliac. AB - Hemodialysis was initiated in a mild-moderate hemophiliac at 15 years of age. Hematuria had been a frequent and persisting feature from the age of five years without documented cause. Anemia and proteinuria was first detected at 13 years. A cadaver donor renal transplant was carried out after three months of hemodialysis. Massive intravesical bleeding complicated the immediate post transplantation period. The allograft rejected after three months and the patient was maintained for eight years on home hemodialysis. A second cadaver donor allograft was carried out at 23 years of age. Again, massive intravesical hemorrhage was a problem post-transplant. The allograft is currently functioning 27 months post-transplant. Factor VIIIc activities have fluctuated between 5% and 40% in the absence of factor infusions. PMID- 6797093 TI - Studies of phospholipid reagents used in coagulation I: some general properties and their sensitivity to factor VIII. AB - Some general properties of phospholipid reagents have been studied, particularly in relation to their use in detection and measurement of Factor VIII deficiency. There was wide variation among reagents in their total phospholipid concentration, and in the degree of contamination with tissue factor and oxidation products. Although clotting times of normal and haemophilic plasma were affected by change of phospholipid concentration, presence of oxidation products, and order of addition of reagents, these factors did not appear to influence the efficiency of detection of the Factor VIII defect. The method of activation had a definite influence on sensitivity to Factor VIII deficiency, both the type of activator and the time of activation being important. In Factor VIII one-stage assays, use of different phospholipids with the same substrate plasma gave significant differences in precision, but the estimates of potency of a Factor VIII concentrate against a plasma standard were not significantly different. PMID- 6797094 TI - Enhanced antithrombotic mechanisms in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus without thromboembolic complications. AB - Some haemostatic parameters have been evaluated in a group of rigorously selected patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus without thromboembolic complications and in apparently normal subjects of the same age before and after the venous occlusion test (VOT). In basal conditions diabetics had higher levels of AT III as biological activity and higher fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic activities than controls. After VOT, F VIII R:Ag increased significantly in both groups, more markedly in controls than in diabetics, while F VIII: C showed no modification. Also AT III R:Ag increased after the test, but such variation was significant only in diabetics; on the contrary, the biological activity of AT III was always significantly decreased after the test. After VOT there were also in both groups highly significant increases in the fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic activities. Finally, HbA1c levels directly correlated with AT III as biological activity before VOT, but with no other parameter either before or after the test. These data suggest the existence in patients with diabetes mellitus without thromboembolic complications of an activated protective mechanism against intravascular clotting. PMID- 6797095 TI - Adsorption of human factor VIII to barium sulfate. PMID- 6797096 TI - Microtubule-membrane interactions in ctenophore swimming plate cilia. AB - The cilia in ctenophore swimming plates are organized into long rows and the cilia within each of the rows are connected to one another by interciliary bridges. The interciliary bridges form a type of intracellular junction and are periodically spaced at 15 nm intervals along the long axis of a cilium. The bridges bind adjacent cilia together even after dissolution of the ciliary membrane by non-ionic detergent. Interciliary bridges are attached to the compartmenting lamellae, which are paracrystalline structures composed of spherical particles which are periodically attached to the outer doublet microtubules at the sites to which the microtubule-membrane bridges are bound. It is proposed that the compartmenting lamellae are modifications of the ciliary microtubule-membrane bridge found in other eukaryotic cilia and that it is associated with a junctional complex that binds adjacent cilia together in swimming plates. PMID- 6797097 TI - Uptake of tritium-labelled biogenic amines by the prostomium of the polychaete Nereis virens (Sars) (Annelida). AB - The uptake of tritium-labelled 5-HT, noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytrytophan, DOPA and dopamine by the cerebral ganglion and prostomial nervous system of the polychaete Nereis virens has been examined using radioautography at the level of the light microscope. Pronounced uptake of (3)H-5HT occurred in the antennal, palpal, tegumentary and nuchal nerves as well as in ganglionic nuclei 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 20, 24 and 25, the mid-brain neuropile, the neurosecretory neuropil and the infracerebral organ; (3)H-NA uptake was observed in small cells in the prostomial epidermis, and the infracerebral organ; (3)H-dopamine only in one of two common types of epidermal mucus cells. Prostomial muscles labelled generally with (3)H NA and at specific sites with (3)H-5HT. These observations support the concept of an efferent serotonergic system originating in several cerebral ganglionic nuclei and serving prostomial muscle and epidermis. Evidence for an afferent adrenergic system is less substantial. The role of dopamine remains obscure. PMID- 6797098 TI - Reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion test: the method for the assay of the antibody to influenza A nucleoprotein. AB - The reversed single-radial-immunodiffusion (r-SRD) test using the avian-origin influenza A virus, A/chicken/Germany "N'/49 (Hav2Neql) disrupted with 1.0% sarkosyl, was established as the quantitative method for the assay of a type specific antibody, particularly of an anti-nucleoprotein antibody, in human sera. Under the test conditions, human sera produced a definite opalescent zone around the well and the annulus area was found to have a high correlation to the antibody level of type A influenza nucleoprotein. The specificity of the opalescent zone produced in the test plate was confirmed with the specific antisera to each viral polypeptide and the adsorption procedures with the purified nucleoprotein. During an epidemic of H3N2 and H1N1 viruses, the r-SRD test was employed to estimate the infection ratio in junior high school students. The results demonstrated its convenience and high sensitivity in detecting the antibody rise to influenza A nucleoprotein. In addition, the age-distribution of the antibody level to influenza A nucleoprotein was examined and discussed. The results obtained strongly suggested that the r-SRD technique using the avian origin influenza A virus provided a simple and reproducible method for the assay of the antibody level to influenza A nucleoprotein in a large scale seroepidemiology and in the serodiagnosis of influenza A virus infection. PMID- 6797099 TI - A new transport interaction of dibasic amino acids and citrulline in human kidney. AB - The oral loading tests of lysine in 9 healthy men and the intravenous loading tests of lysine, ornithine and arginine in 3 healthy men were carried out. The results indicated that the membrane transport system of citrulline in the human kidney was clearly inhibited by dibasic amino acids, lysine, ornithine, and arginine. PMID- 6797100 TI - Tissue distribution of unentrapped or liposome-entrapped 131I-labeled beta galactosidase injected into rats. AB - Either unentrapped (free) or liposome-entrapped 131I-labeled beta-galactosidase was injected into rats from tail veins. Tissue distribution and intracellular localization of the radioactivity of both sources were compared. The half-life of liposome-entrapped enzyme in the circulation was much longer than that of the free enzyme. The radioactivity removed from the circulation was recovered primarily in the liver, and to a lesser extent in almost all tissues studied. A small but significant uptake of liposome-entrapped enzyme by the brain was also observed. Uptake of liposome-entrapped enzyme was greater thant that of free enzyme in the spleen, heart, lungs and brain, excepting the liver and kidneys. Subcellular fractionation showed distribution of the radioactivity of liposome entrapped enzyme favoring the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction from these tissues except the heart. There was a difference in the pattern of intracellular distribution of the radioactivity in the brain of rats between the administration of free enzyme and that of liposome-entrapped enzyme. These findings suggest that when liposomes containing beta-galactosidase were injected into rats from the tail veins, they would penetrate the blood-brain barrier and would reach the lysosomes in the central nervous system tissue more effectively than the free enzyme itself. Beta-galactosidase; liposome; enzyme replacement therapy; rat tissues, 131I. PMID- 6797101 TI - Influence of biliary diversion upon gastric acid secretion. PMID- 6797102 TI - Acidic glycosaminoglycans in liver from five patients with mucopolysaccharidosis and mucolipidosis. AB - Content, composition and molecular weight distribution of acidic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were determined in liver from five patients with genetic lysosomal storage diseases (Hurler syndrome, Hunter syndrome of severe type, Morquio syndrome, GM1-gangliosidosis type II and I-cell disease). There was a 30- to 40-fold increase in GAGs content of liver from patients with Hurler and Hunter syndromes. The GAGs accumulated in the livers consisted mainly of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, and had a much lower molecular weight than those from control liver. The major GAG accumulated in liver from Morquio syndrome was keratan sulfate, which was not found in the livers from control and other patients, and chondroitin-6-sulfate was also increased. The content and the composition of liver GAGs from GM1-gangliosidosis and I-cell disease were similar to those of control liver. However, there was about a 33-fold increase in the amount of hexose on the liver GAGs from GM1-gangliosidosis. A molar ratio of sialic acid to hexosamine was 1.35 for the liver GAGs from I-cell disease and that of hexose to hexosamine was 8.47, while they were 0.46 and 2.32, respectively, for the control liver. PMID- 6797103 TI - Response of FSH, prolactin and HCG to continuous LHRH infusion in pregnant women. AB - Serum FSH, prolactin and HCG response patterns to 4-hr infusion of LHRH were investigated in six women in the first trimester of pregnancy. FSH did not show response until 60 min after beginning of the infusion and then it increased gradually. Serum prolactin and HCG levels were almost constant during the LHRH infusion. PMID- 6797104 TI - Correlation between the level of urinary D-glucaric acid and the degree of activation of masked compound (FT-207) in cancer patients. AB - Phenobarbital stimulates the induction of liver microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme, namely, cytochrome P-450, which enhances the rate of conversion of FT-207 to 5-FU, the active substance. When FT-207 is administered in combination with phenobarbital to cancer patients, the fluctuation in level of the drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P-450, should be taken into consideration. Therefore, it was investigated whether the urinary level of D-glucaric acid could be of value as an indicator for the evaluation of the activation of masked compounds, such as FT-207. The level of D-glucaric acid in urine was lower in cancer patients than in normal controls. The correlation between the level of urinary D-glucaric acid and that of 5-FU, which is an active metabolite of FT 207, in blood was statistically significant. The level of D-glucaric acid in urine was of use as an indicator for the evaluation of the activation of masked compounds, such as FT-207, in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6797105 TI - Histochemical assessment of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the testes of rats following acute administration of aflatoxin B1. AB - Aflatoxin B1 (150 microgram) was administered i.p. to adult male rats on 3 occasions at intervals of 48 h. The testicular distribution and localisation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) was evaluated histochemically in rats killed 24 h after the last dose of aflatoxin, with or without human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation. Diminished augmentation of seminal vesicle and prostate weights to HCG stimulation was recorded in male rats pretreated with aflatoxin. There were no convincing effects of aflatoxin pretreatment on the histochemical localisation and distribution of 3 beta-HSD in the testes of the rats used in this investigation. PMID- 6797106 TI - A report on the use of Kenalog in Orabase combined with Lomudal (sodium chromoglycate) in the treatment of oral aphthous ulcers. PMID- 6797107 TI - [Indices from the clinical and laboratory examination of Rh-immunized pregnant women with periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6797109 TI - Albinism. Recent advances. AB - There have recently been several fundamental advances in our understanding of albinism, both in animals and in man. These advances have been in the division of oculocutaneous albinism into tyrosinase-negative and tyrosinase-positive forms, the demonstration of a widespread disturbance in the structure of melanosomes in X-linked ocular albinism, the description of the condition now known as autosomal recessive ocular albinism, and a peculair anatomical abnormality of the visual pathways which appears to be present in all forms of oculocutaneous and ocular albinism. Evidence has been presented which confirms that the retinogeniculate anomaly in human albinos is similar to that in animals, and it has recently been suggested that there may be two major patterns of geniculocortical projected in man, as there are in the Siamese cat. PMID- 6797108 TI - Arterial hypertension injures brain capillaries. Definition of the lesions. Possible pathogenesis. AB - Systemic hypertension (secondary to aortic coarctation) produces in monkeys, multifocal brain lesions where capillaries show increased diameter, endothelial degeneration and deposition of collagen and other substances in the basement membrane. In one animal, capillary changes were detected as early as 8 weeks after induction of hypertension. Similar capillary alterations were demonstrated in brain samples of hypertensive humans obtained at autopsy. We suggest that the above abnormalities may be the result of successive episodes of regional ischemia and/or hyperperfusion. Validation of these observations requires careful evaluation of additional human and animal brains. PMID- 6797110 TI - The crossmatch. A brief historical perspective. AB - First described in 1907, the crossmatch has been in a constant state of modification since that time. Major milestones in the evolution of the test include demonstration of the relative importance of red blood cell typing and of the matching test, development of rapid techniques for the test, advent of high protein, antiglobulin and enzyme techniques, and resolution of issues related to the minor crossmatch and the need for complement in the test. PMID- 6797111 TI - Complement changes during granulocyte adhesion. AB - The granulocyte adherence assay was investigated as a potential in vitro model of filtration leukapheresis to study the effects produced on the complement system by passing anticoagulated blood through columns packed with nylon fibers. Complement activation per se was found not to be a prerequisite for the simple attachment of neutrophils to nylon fibers in this system, because none of the complement components studied were consumed in blood freely flowing through or incubated within adherence columns. Moreover, concentrations of the B antigenic determinant of C3 were unchanged, an indication that this pivotal component had not been cleaved. Although not required for adherence, complement activation is probably initiated by the process of neutrophil attachment, because chemotactic activity was generated. The precise nature of this activity was not identified, but information from previous studies of filtration leukapheresis and granulocyte adherence suggests the possibility of complement origin. PMID- 6797113 TI - Serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine binding globulin and thyroxine binding pre-albumin concentrations in healthy African adults. AB - A study of the serum concentrations of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and the thyroid hormone binding proteins (thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), and thyroxine binding pre-albumin (TBPA)) in non-hospitalized adult Nigerian African subjects was conducted. The subjects were divided into three subgroups, male subjects, non-pregnant female subjects and pregnant female subjects to highlight peculiarities of each sub-group. All three subgroups showed elevation of TBG concentration as compared to British subjects. A statistically significant difference was observed in the concentrations of T4, T3, and TBG in the pregnant female subjects compared to the male and the non-pregnant subjects. A statistically significant difference was also observed between the concentrations rT3 in the male and pregnant female subjects compared to the non-pregnant female subjects. No statistically significant difference was observed between the concentrations of TSH, and TBPA, in all three subgroups, although the mean values for TSH were highest in the pregnant female subjects and the mean values for TBPA and albumin were lowest in this same group. The significance of these findings are discussed in relation to the evaluation of thyroid function in the adult African subject. PMID- 6797112 TI - Virus-like particles associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6797114 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the chromatin in hepatocyte nuclei in the 1st hours after a partial hepatectomy. IV. Increased sensitivity of active chromatin to EDTA exposure]. AB - In the period of increasing the guinea-pig hepatocyte chromatin template activity, 2.5 hours after partial hepatectomy, an increased susceptibility of condensed chromatin to the bleaching action of EDTA in the Bernard reaction has been found. The condensed chromatin of the activated by partial hepatectomy guinea-pig hepatocytes, studied on ultrathin sections, is bleached under the action of EDTA more intensely compared to the chromatin of the control (non activated) cells. Five hours after partial hepatectomy, when hepatocyte chromatin, according to its physico-chemical properties and functional activity, is the same as that of the control (non-operated) animals, its capacity of being bleached by EDTA also returns to the control level. In one nucleus studied on ultrathin sections the perinucleolar chromatin was found to be more sensitive to EDTA than the chromatin of other parts of the nucleus. It is suggested that the treatment with EDTA under given conditions can be used for revealing the functional state of chromatin on ultrathin sections. PMID- 6797116 TI - Immune complexes in the spectrum of tuberculosis. PMID- 6797115 TI - [Spontaneous and induced chromosome aberrations in the bone marrow cells of different strains of mice during aging]. AB - Sensitivity of bone marrow cell chromosomes to alkylating agent thiophosphamide and to gamma-irradiation has been studied in the course of ageing in 101/H, A/He, CBA, BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. The effects of both the kinds of mutagenic treatment and of the genotype of the animals on the age-dependent changes in sensitivity of bone marrow cell chromosomes were found. Following gamma irradiation under our experimental conditions, no variation in the output of chromosomal aberrations was observed between the strains studied. Following thiophosphamide treatment, aged mice of strains 101/H, A/He and CBA showed an increased chromosome instability as compared to young ones. In C57BL/6 mice the level of induced chromosome aberrations was found to be age-independent. Following thiophosphamide treatment, cells with multiple chromosome lesions were found in the bone marrow. The higher instability of aged animals in some strains was mainly due to a sharp increase in the number of such cells. In the intact mice of all the strains studied no age-dependent increase in the number of cells showing structural chromosome aberrations was observed, while accumulation of aneuploid cells varied with genotype. PMID- 6797117 TI - A qualitative gas chromatographic analysis of substituted 5,6-dihydroxyindoles from the urine of patients with melanoma. AB - A qualitative gas chromatographic analysis of trimethylsilylated ethyl acetate extracts of melanotic urine revealed 5 indolic compounds, which have been identified as substituted 5,6-dihydroxyindoles. Ethyl acetate extracts of melanotic urines at pH 2.0 contained isomeric 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy and 6-hydroxy-5 methoxy-indolyl-2-carboxylic acids which were not separable under the conditions used. A careful hydrolysis of melanotic urine with a Helix pomatia preparation followed by extraction at pH 6.5 in a nitrogen atmosphere released 3 additional indolic compounds from their conjugated form. Using gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis they were identified as 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy, 6-hydroxy-5 methoxyindole and 5,6-dihydroxyindole. PMID- 6797118 TI - Radiotherapy of oral tongue cancer. AB - The results in the treatment of oral tongue cancer are analysed to suggest a highly specified therapeutic program. Two hundred and thirty-two cases, radiologically treated at the Istituto del Radio Alberti, Brescia, Italy, from 1964 to 1978 are considered. Depending on the staging, exclusive interstitial curietherapy, exclusive external radiotherapy, or external plus interstitial therapy were applied. The therapy of locoregional lymph nodes was surgical and/or radiological. The statistical analysis deals with actuarial survival, local remission, recurrences and radionecroses. Particular attention is paid to N0 cases that became N positive. The suggested therapeutic program depends strictly on the staging and defines also the optimal doses. PMID- 6797119 TI - [The anti-epileptic effect of valproate, side-effects and toxicity]. PMID- 6797120 TI - [Changes in paroxysmal activity in the EEG during valproate (Deprakine, Orfiril) therapy]. PMID- 6797121 TI - [Gonococcal conjunctivitis despite administration of silver nitrate eye drops]. PMID- 6797122 TI - Anterior urethral valves. PMID- 6797123 TI - Massive hematuria due to acquired factor VIII inhibitor. Treatment with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6797124 TI - [Determination of the respiratory gas concentration and of pulmonary ventilation volumes by using a mass spectrometer]. PMID- 6797125 TI - [Prevention of external respiratory and gas exchange disorders in patients postoperatively]. AB - The investigation of oxygen exchange in 70 patients operated on the organs of the abdominal cavity has shown that pronounced disturbances of the function of external ventilation and gas exchange are developing in patients in the postoperative period. The application of prolonged ganglionic blockade with normotony by pentamine both during operation and within 5 postoperative days promoted the improvement of oxygen exchange at the level of lungs and tissues. The authors believe that it prevents hyperreaction of the sympatho-adrenal system and adrenals upon the operation trauma, disturbances of the blood microcirculation and the development of metabolic alkalosis in the postoperative period. PMID- 6797126 TI - [Effect of parenteral feeding on the immunity indices of patients operated on for stomach cancer]. PMID- 6797127 TI - [Allergic skin reaction in cattle to inactivated adenovirus allergens]. AB - Comparative investigations were carried out of the skin allergic reaction in cattle infected with adenoviruses, using purified proteins and unpurified homologous allergens. All calves and cows that responded positively in the skin allergic test were shown to yield equal results, i.e. the allergic response with the use of the first type allergens coincided with that obtained with the other type, however, at the site of injecting the semipurified allergens the reaction was more strongly expressed. At visual reading the edema was well limited, projecting and better seen. There were certain age-associated differences in the developmental dynamics of the skin allergic reaction. The more advanced the age of cattle the higher the specific supersensitivity. On the base of results obtained in comparative investigations with a view to practically employing the test it is suggested to use semipurified adenoviral allergens. PMID- 6797128 TI - Dual pathways in the photolysis of rhodopsin: studies using a direct chemical method. PMID- 6797129 TI - [Ubiquinone content and the oxidative-reductive enzymatic system activity in the liver of vitamin E-deficient rats administered alpha-tocopherol and its chlorine derivative]. PMID- 6797130 TI - Clinical aspects of pseudomonas infections. PMID- 6797131 TI - The antigenic fractions of Hymenolepis diminuta; their usefulness in immunological examinations. PMID- 6797132 TI - [Postoperative infusion therapy in abdominal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - In 22 patients undergoing abdominal surgery two different types of peripheral venous infusion therapy were applied after maximal fasting time of 3 days. Group 1 received an amino acid-carbohydrate-electrolyte infusion, group 2 only a carbohydrate-electrolyte infusion. There was no significant difference in the plasma protein fractions between the two groups. The measurement of potassium balance, serum urea and alpha-amino nitrogen showed a reduction of protein catabolism in group I. This indicates that the solution with amino acid is preferable. PMID- 6797133 TI - Evaluation of certain food additives. PMID- 6797135 TI - BCG vaccine responses following simultaneous immunization against influenza and tuberculosis. 2nd report. AB - Following observations over 200 guinea-pigs, 48 rabbits and 105 volunteers practical data have been obtained as to an identical vaccination efficacy of BCG applied simultaneously with influenza vaccine also. The identity of local reactions to the administration of BCG and an identical post-vaccination tuberculin sensitivity have been proved. BCG immunogenicity when applied separately and simultaneously with influenza vaccines has been traced. Out of those inactivated vaccine and BCG exerted upon one another an effect intensifying antibody production. The evaluation of tuberculosis antibodies (antipolysaccharides, antiphosphatides and antiproteins) has been carried out with two serologic tests (I.H.T. and C.F.T.). After challenging animals with influenza virus and M. tuberculosis a fall of the heterogen antibody level and a stimulation of the specific antibody accumulation could be seen. The survival time, weight and correlation between antibody formation and the results of challenge have also been traced. In the observations over volunteers the absence of a negative effect of influenza vaccines following their simultaneous application with BCG has been proved. The periods and the character of the cutaneous reaction to the vaccine injection remain changed. Tuberculin sensitivity develops in an identical way. PMID- 6797134 TI - [Results of epidemiologic, immunologic and morphologic studies and clinical aspects of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6797136 TI - [Automatically registering emission measuring device with the infrared analyzer Infralyt 2 T]. PMID- 6797137 TI - [Effect of heparin on acid-base and blood gas parameters]. AB - The influence of blood-heparin-mixing proportion on the acid-base- and blood-gas parameters was measured by means of the blood-gas- automation ABL 1 with the help of 15 test persons. More than 0.15 ml heparin per ml blood, i.e. more than 750 I.U. heparin per ml blood falsify the measuring data and may lead to wrong diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In clinical practice for one 2-ml-blood test only the dead space of the plastic of various producers are characterized by acid base- and gas values considerable differing from each other. However, they do not influence the blood parameters. By heparin-Weddel (Wales), heparin-Spofa (CSSR), heparin-Richer (Hungary) and heparin-Polfa (Poland) the same acid-base- and blood gas values will be obtained. PMID- 6797138 TI - [Grandmother/mother/child-incompatibility due to rhesus gene complexes (C)D(e)]. PMID- 6797140 TI - Ultrastructure of the cyst wall and merozoites of Sarcocystis from moose (Alces alces) in Alberta, Canada. AB - Two distinct types of cysts of Sarcocystis from the musculature of moose (Alces alces) were compared by electron microscopy. The fusiform Type A cysts differed from the spherical Type B cysts in the appearance and thickness of the primary cyst wall, organization of cyst interior, and the presence of a secondary cyst wall around Type B. The respective merozoites also differed in size as well as in the number of rhoptries and diameter and arrangement of micronemes. Comparison of the ultrastructure of the moose sarcocysts with those described from other ungulates revealed substantial differences. It appears that two hitherto undescribed species of Sarcocystis are present in moose although cross transmission and additional life cycle studies are necessary for a complete description. PMID- 6797139 TI - [Prevalence and development of two Sarcocystis spp. in the horse (author's transl)]. AB - The prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. in horses was investigated in a survey at the Munich abattoir during 1978/79. Muscle specimens (oesophagus, diaphragm, sublingual muscle, myocardium) were examined using tryptic digestion. Out of 200 horses 31 (15.5%) were found to be carriers of sarcocysts. No parasites were found in the myocardium. In three animals sarcocysts could be isolated and differentiated in fresh preparations. Cysts with 5 to 11 microns by less than 0.5 microns hairlike, unstable protrusions were classified as Sarcocystis equicanis, whereas those with 2.5 to 4.5 microns by 0.8 to 1.0 microns fingerlike, stabile protrusions were assigned to be S. fayeri. Histologically S. equicanis cysts were thin-walled and S. fayeri cysts were thick-walled and often striated. For both species the dog acts as final host. A mixture of sporocysts of both species measured: 12.0--14.4 (13.4 +/- 0.7) X 9.3--10.5 (9.8 +/- 0.4) microns. The prepatent period is 11 to 17 days. Two ponies experimentally infected with 100,000 sporocysts each did not show clinical signs. In fresh preparations and in histopathological examinations of biopsied (111th, 130th, 152th, and 165th day post-infection (p.i.) and postmortem material (167th and 189th day p.i.) different developmental stages of sarcocysts of both species were seen and the following pathological alterations observed: circumscribed non-purulent inflammation, moderate Zenker's degeneration of muscle fibres, and degenerated cysts, of which sometimes only parts of the cyst wall were left. In fresh preparations S. equicanis and S. Fayeri could be differentiated 111 days p.i. The observed disappearance of the sarcocysts is suggested to be a self-cleaning process. PMID- 6797141 TI - [Problems of acute virus hepatitis]. PMID- 6797142 TI - [Pulmonary shunt and its regulation]. PMID- 6797143 TI - [Artificial hypobiosis as a stable functional state of reduced biological activity]. PMID- 6797144 TI - [Responses of neurons of the anterodorsal nucleus of the thalamus and comparative analysis of 3 limbic nuclei]. AB - Comparison of the three limbic thalamic nucleic shows that in spite of some common features of organization and connections, these nuclei presumably play different functional roles. N. AV may be regarded as an important "on-line" functional link of the limbic circuit. N. AD, possibly serves as input from the specific auditory structures to the limbic system. N. AM may participate in regulation of the general level of activity together with unspecific thalamic nuclei. PMID- 6797145 TI - [Dopamine metabolism in structures of the striato-nigral system during elaboration of conditioned avoidance reflexes in rats]. PMID- 6797147 TI - [Acute postsurgical noninflammatory renal failure-a survey (author's transl)]. AB - A review on the most important aspects of acute postsurgical noninflammatory renal failure is given. New aspects have arisen especially in regard to the pathogenesis and treatment of the syndrome. In spite of the efforts to present a complete survey special attention has been attached to clinical aspects and treatment of acute postsurgical noninflammatory renal failure in order to inform those surgeons who, in acute cases cannot call for the assistance of a nephrologist with modern facilities. PMID- 6797146 TI - Complications after elective splenectomy in children. AB - Elective splenectomies performed in children aged 0-14 during the period 1968 to 1977 have been reviewed. One hundred and twelve children were splenectomized during the period studied. The indication for splenectomy was usually a haematological disorder e.g. hereditary spherocytosis or idiopathic thrombocytopenia. As splenectomized children run the risk of developing overwhelming sepsis, inquiries have been sent to all children. Two cases of nonfatal pneumococcal septicaemia are reported. Although the incidence of septicaemia is low, spleensaving operations are to be preferred where possible. When splenectomy is performed, pneumococcal antibodies should be determined. If a low titre is found, polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine should be used. PMID- 6797148 TI - [On the biological action of transition metal complexes. 2. The antiviral activity of 4-methyl-2-amino-pyridine-palladium-chloride (IV)]. AB - 4-methyl-2-amino-pyridine-palladiumchlorid (IV) showed an inactivation of cell free enveloped DNA and RNA viruses in serum-free saline such as vaccinia, pseudorabies, herpes type 1, Newcastle disease and influenza virus A/fowl plague, human influenza type A and B and vesicular stomatitis viruses, and adenovirus, a naked DNA virus, too. Picorna viruses were not inactivated, the inactivation of other viruses failed in medium with 10% serum. However the replication of enveloped viruses as checked with vaccinia and fowl plague viruses was inhibited, also when the compound was present only for 1 h after infection. Contrary to this the multiplication of adenovirus was depressed only with 90%. For the inactivation of viruses high concentrations were necessary than for the inhibition of replication. Therefore more than one kind of mode of action have to be taken into consideration. PMID- 6797150 TI - Proof for the lack of diphtheria toxin in culture filtrates of Corynebacterium ulcerans strain ATCC 9015. AB - Extensive efforts to identify the diphtheria toxin in culture filtrates of C. ulcerans strain ATCC 9015 was unsuccessful. The culture filtrates did contain a component (called D-antigen) which formed a precipitin line with commercial diphtheria antitoxin. This component was purified by immunosorbent techniques using immobilized preparations of diphtheria antitoxin. It was shown, that D antigen has a molecular weight of 84000, is not toxic for guinea-pigs, and has nothing in common with purified diphtheria toxin when tested in gel-diffusion tests. The lack of diphtheria toxin in form of its fragments in culture filtrates concentrated 20-fold was proved by the highly sensitive and specific viroimmunoassay. PMID- 6797149 TI - [Protein A-activity of Staphylococcus hyicus in comparison to protein A of Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. AB - Protein A (PA)-Activity was demonstrated in 44 (93.6%) of 47 Staphylococcus hyicus-cultures. PA from S. hyicus, as well as PA from S. aureus, could be released by extraction with concentrated formic acid or by treatment of the staphylococci with lysostaphin. PA was also demonstrable in the culture medium. Purification of PA from S. hyicus and S. aureus could be achieved by affinity chromatography on IgG-Sepharose. In Ouchterlony-tests both PA-preparations gave single lines of identity with normal sera from man, pig, dog and guinea pig (Fig. 1). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis indicated a significantly faster migration towards the anode for PA from S. hyicus than PA from S. aureus (Fig. 2). Isoelectric focusing revealed maximal activity for PA from culture supernatant of S. hyicus about pH 4.3 and for that of S. aureus at pH 5.0 (Fig 3). Gelchromatographic experiments indicated a lower molecular weight for PA from S. hyicus than for PA from S. aureus (Fig. 4). PMID- 6797151 TI - Studies on antibody levels to Brucella abortus, Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira serogroups in sera collected in five locations of the North Island of New Zealand. PMID- 6797152 TI - Amikacin resistance: transfers in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6797155 TI - The fine structure of the merozoites and gametocytes of Leucocytozoon caulleryi. AB - The fine structure of the merozoites and gametocytes of Leucocytozoon caulleryi from the peripheral blood of chickens was studied by means of electron microscopy. Merozoites are oval to elongate and are surrounded by a pellicle. They possess a large nucleus, numerous ribosomes, microtubules, a mitochondrion with tubular cristae, a cytostome, an apical complex consisting of three polar rings, electron-dense paired rhoptries, and micronemes. Mature gametocytes are irregular in shape and are surrounded by a three layered pellicle, and contain a large nucleus, mitochondria with tubular cristae, endoplasmic reticulum, numerous ribosomes, food vacuoles, cytostomes, and lipid inclusions. Macrogametocytes are easily distinguished from the microgametocytes by more ribosome concentration and the presence of well developed endoplasmatic reticulum. PMID- 6797153 TI - Inhibition of pulmonary granuloma formation in mice by treatment with Mycobacterial protoplasm and immuno-suppressants and its relation to protection against aerosol infection with virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Because the pulmonary granuloma formation by mycobacterial cell walls (CW) is likely mediated by cellular immunity, the effect of specific antigens and various immunosuppressants on pulmonary granuloma formation and protection against virulent m. tuberculosis, strain H37Rv was investigated in mice immunized with oil-treated CW from BCG or M. Tuberculosis, strain Aoyama B. Results of desensitization experiments with specific antigens showed that multiple intravenous injections of BCG protoplasm inhibited the footpad delayed hypersensitivity, macrophage migration inhibitory activity of lung cells and pulmonary granuloma formation as well as the enhancement of resistance against aerosol challenge with M, tuberculosis, strain H37Rv. However, treatment with nonspecific immunosuppressants like con A, silica or carrageenan induced only abrogation of footpad delayed hypersensitivity but not prevention of pulmonary granuloma formation or resistance against aerosol challenge. These results suggest a close relationship between pulmonary granuloma formation and protection against H37Rv in mice immunized with oil-treated mycobacterial CW. PMID- 6797154 TI - Interactions of Acholeplasma laidlawii cells with mouse spleen lymphocytes. AB - Interaction between Acholeplasma laidlawii cells labelled with oleic acid and mouse spleen lymphocytes depended on the time of incubation, on the temperature and on the quantitative ratio between both cells. Uncouplers and EDTA did not influence the intensity of attachment. The resistance of binding to cytochalasin B amd glutaraldehyde as well as localization of A. laidlawii antigens on the lymphocyte surface and experiments with [14C] uridine-labelled mycoplasmas are an evidence against the participation of pinocytosis in this interaction. Prolonged attachment of intact A. laidlawii to washed lymphocytes can be excluded on the basis of an extremely low amount of CFU recovered from disrupted lymphocytes as well as by experiments with uridine-labelled A laidlawii. Specific receptors didn't take part in the binding, because proteolytic enzymes and neuraminidase treatment proved to be nonefficient. Increased binding of lymphocytes with liposomes prepared from mycoplasma lipids as well as the transfer of cholesterol from lymphocyte membrane to mycoplasma membrane demonstrate the participation of membrane lipids in this binding. It should also be mentioned that after the attachment between both cell types and fusion of A. laidlawii cells with lymphocytes takes place. The transfer of unsaturated fatty acids from mycoplasmas into lymphocyte membrane as well as lymphocyte membrane cholesterol into mycoplasma membranes are the consequence of fusion between both cells. The experiments with uncharged hydrophobic fluorescent probe 4-DMC are the direct proof of fusion and mutual exchange of lipid membrane components. PMID- 6797157 TI - The Sarcocystis muris-infection as a model for research on the chemotherapy of acute sarcocystosis of domestic animals. AB - Twelve anticoccidial or antimalarial drugs were tested for their efficacy against various development stages of Sarcocystis muris in NMRI-mice. Schizogonic stages present in the liver from day 11 to 17 p.i. showed to be most sensitive to drug action. Sulfaquinoxaline plus pyrimethamine, zoalene and Bay g 7183 completely eliminated these stages. A strong though not 100 per cent efficacy was observed in experiments with primaquine. The other drugs tested were less (halofuginone, sulfadoxine plus trimethoprim) or not effective (sulfadimethoxine, amprolium, monensin, aprinocid, sulfaquinoxaline plus diaveridine) in the used dosages. In trials to improve the Sarcocystis muris-mouse-cat model it was found that in NMRI mice the inoculation dose of 50 sporocysts resulted in the highest infection rate and intensity of the infection. By the application of less or more sporocysts or by repeated inoculations poorer infection rates and lower intensities of infection were achieved. Thymus deprived nude mice (NMRI-nu/nu) and the AKR/N strain were the most susceptible animals in which infection rates of 100 and 95 per cent were achieved by the inoculation of 50 sporocysts. By the application of antilymphocytic serum, cyclophosphamide, irradiation or corticosteroids infection rates of 83, 92, 98 and 100 per cent, respectively, could be achieved in NMRI mice. For future chemotherapeutical trials an inoculation dose of 50 sporocysts into irradiated NMRI-mice is recommended. It is suggested that the model is also suitable for the screening of drugs for their efficacy against exoerythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium. PMID- 6797156 TI - Chemotherapy of Sarcosporidiosis and theileriosis in domestic animals. AB - In goats infected with Sarcocystis capracanis and sheep infected with S. Ovicanis prophylactical application of halofuginone prevented clinical symptoms but also prevented the development of immunity to homologous challenge. Halofuginone was most effective in the treatment of acute sarcosporidiosis at a dose of 0.67 mg/kg b. w. on two successive days in both goats and sheep. In acute bovine theileriosis (Theileria parva and T. annulata) halofuginone was effective at a single dose about of 1.2 to 2 mg/kg b.w. Cattle recovered from theileriosis through treatment were immune to homologous challenge. PMID- 6797159 TI - [Reactivity of chemical typhus vaccine after administration by the means of syringe or jet injector]. PMID- 6797158 TI - [Cell-free Pseudomonas vaccine. II. Isolation and immunological properties of protective antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6797160 TI - [Indirect hemagglutination reaction with protective antigen of Rickettsia prowazekii]. PMID- 6797161 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance in diphtheria infections]. PMID- 6797162 TI - [Effect of glycerol, mannitol, and lasix on cerebrospinal fluid pressure in the acute period of a stroke]. AB - On giving a dose of glycerol (orally), mannitol or lasix (intravenously) to patients with a cerebral stroke in the acute period the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in them dropped, on the average, by 70-80%, 65-70%, and 25-30%, respectively. However in 6.5 to 7.5 hours it rose again and the after-effect phenomenon appeared. The effects of the drugs having been over, the CSF pressure was found to exceed the initial level by 50-60% after the glycerol intake; by 75 to 80% after the mannitol, an by 4 to 6% after the lasix injections. When glycerol, mannitol, and lasix were given rectally the CSF pressure dropped, respectively, by 35-45%, 35-40%, and 20-25% below the initial level, and did not rise throughout the whole period of the observation. PMID- 6797163 TI - Topologic aspects of integral membrane proteins. PMID- 6797164 TI - Role of a cell-specific lipoxygenase in the maturation of reticulocytes. PMID- 6797165 TI - Balance of glucose utilization in rabbit reticulocytes. AB - The shares of glucose utilizing processes in red blood cells under aerobic conditions were estimated in tracer experiments and with mathematical methods. A complex method of these pathways in reticulocytes is given. Our approach to the solution of the problem in reticulocytes can be transferred to other tissues. The new mathematical technique used is suitable for derivation of closed terms for the specific radioactivity of single positions of C-atoms of the metabolites of citrate cycle. Therefore, by means of regressions analysis, the calculation of unknown concentrations and flux rates is possible. PMID- 6797166 TI - A preliminary characterization of drug-metabolizing systems in preneoplastic nodules from the livers of rats receiving 2-acetylaminofluorene in their diet. PMID- 6797168 TI - Sir David Cuthbertson Lecture. Protein and energy metabolism after trauma: old concepts and new developments. PMID- 6797167 TI - Decarboxylation of ornithine and lysine by ornithine decarboxylase from kidneys of testosterone treated mice. PMID- 6797169 TI - Intravenous feeding in liver disease. PMID- 6797170 TI - Malnutrition in liver disease and its relationship to hepatic encephalopathy. PMID- 6797171 TI - Home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6797174 TI - Home parenteral nutrition in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6797173 TI - European experience of home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6797172 TI - The role of the pharmaceutical industry in home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6797176 TI - Choice of methods; enteral or parenteral nutrition? PMID- 6797175 TI - The nutritional assessment of hospital patients - a critical review. PMID- 6797177 TI - Intravenous feeding - prescribing and surveillance. PMID- 6797178 TI - Intravenous feeding - complications - their prevention and management. AB - Intravenous feeding is a potentially hazardous and expensive form of nutritional treatment. Complications may be associated with the intravenous catheter and delivery system, mainly injury to the great vessels or adjacent structures including the pleura. Sepsis is a constant threat and meticulous technique is required to minimise the danger. Deficiency states may be seen if nutritional requirements are not met. Other metabolic problems which may arise are hyperglycaemia and rebound hypoglycaemia, jaundice and a recently described respiratory distress syndrome due to an increase in carbon dioxide production. PMID- 6797179 TI - Kinetics of energy substrates. PMID- 6797180 TI - The relation of intravenous fat solutions to lipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6797181 TI - Glycerol turnover and kinetics of exogenous fat in surgical patients. AB - In the United States, glucose has been until recently the sole non-protein energy substrate utilized in total parenteral nutrition (TPN). However, recent reports show that the administration of massive glucose loads to surgical patients cause a high incidence of pulmonary and hepatic complications. Indirect calorimetry data indicate that these hypermetabolic patients seem to utilize endogenous fat preferentially to carbohydrate. Therefore, we have undertaken some studies on the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous fat. Peripheral lipolysis - as estimated by measurements of glycerol turnover - is increased after injury and during sepsis. There is not correlation between the turnover of glycerol and the plasma concentration in surgical patients. High glucose intake induces a marked decrease in the glycerol turnover of nutritionally depleted subjects but has only a slight effect on the lipolytic rate of injured and septic patients. The rates of free fatty acid turnover and oxidation are elevated in surgical patients. High carbohydrate loads reduce FFA oxidation rate less in hypermetabolic patients than in depleted subjects. The utilization of exogenous fat was studied by associating an estimation of the oxidation rate to the measure of the clearance after the injection of 14C -Intralipid in surgical patients. Both oxidation and clearance rates are increased in these patients in relation with the severity of the injury. A dissociation between the variations of the clearance and the oxidation rates was observed when TPN was given to surgical patients. In such conditions, the clearance rate does not indicate the further utilization of a fat emulsion. Administration of TPN containing exogenous fat seem to induce less pulmonary and hepatic complications than TPN with glucose alone. In conclusion, kinetic measurements are needed for studying the metabolism of endogenous fat in surgical patients. An increased utilization of endogenous and exogenous fat takes place in these patients. Including exogenous fat as part of their parenteral diet is indicated but the optimal proportion of glucose and fat has not been precisely determined yet. PMID- 6797182 TI - The role of fat in nutrition of the injured patient. PMID- 6797183 TI - Intravenous solutions in parenteral nutrition. AB - A review of the theoretical basis on which amino acid intravenous solutions are formulated leads to the conclusion that the first class protein model is not ideal for the very small premature infant. Comparison of the serum and urine amino acid levels in a controlled trial between intravenous feeding with "Vamin" and intragastric milk feeding, and further comparison of these values with the cord blood values of premature infants supports the conclusion that the first class protein model is not ideal. The balance studies also support the view that the urinary output of amino acids, as well as the serum levels, should be taken into account in determining the ideal amino acid input. PMID- 6797184 TI - Technical problems in parenteral nutrition of the premature infant. PMID- 6797185 TI - The control of the adaptation of the human neonate to postnatal nutrition. AB - Major changes occur in the function of several physiological systems after birth which enable the neonate to adapt to postnatal nutrition. It is suggested that the secretion of gut and pancreatic hormones in response to enteral feeding has a key role in triggering a cascade of developmental changes in gut structure and function, and in the relation of pancreatic endocrine secretion to intermediary metabolism. Evidence to support this hypothesis is presented. PMID- 6797187 TI - The relevance of nutritional care to the hospital patient. PMID- 6797186 TI - Indications for TPN in preterm babies. PMID- 6797188 TI - Organising nutritional support. PMID- 6797189 TI - The role of the nurse in intravenous hyperalimentation in the United States. PMID- 6797190 TI - The role of the nurse in nutrition in the United States. PMID- 6797191 TI - What are the nutritional problems in renal failure? PMID- 6797192 TI - Nutritional management of acute renal failure. AB - This paper discusses the use of total parenteral nutrition in the management of patients with acute renal failure. The influence of nutritional management on survival of patients with acute renal failure, is shown by statistical analysis of our results before and after the institution of a policy of total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6797193 TI - Nutritional management of chronic renal failure in childhood. AB - Protein malnutrition is common in children with chronic renal failure (CRF) and is especially severe in young infants. Growth is usually rapid in infants and CRF causes a reduction in cell mass associated with extreme growth retardation in this age group. Poor energy intake and altered energy metabolism are common in CRF and are associated with protein malnutrition and poor growth. Uraemic toxicity may reduce protein synthesis by altering energy metabolism or by a direct effect, low protein high energy diets improve growth and extremely low nitrogen intakes supplemented with essential amino acids and keto acids may be useful in selected children. PMID- 6797194 TI - What value keto acids or amino acids as dietary substitutes or supplements to low protein diets in adult chronic renal failure. PMID- 6797195 TI - Additives in parenteral nutrition. AB - Adequate provision of minerals and vitamins is necessary for optimal use of the major nutrients provided in parenteral nutrition. Since the requirements of patients is so variable, it is inevitable that a number of additives will be necessary. Appropriate supplements are now available and these should be added under aseptic conditions by an experienced pharmacist. The accurate prescription of these additives moreover requires close co-operation between clinician, laboratory staff, and the pharmacist. PMID- 6797196 TI - Parenteral and enteral nutrition: computers and prescribing. AB - Some of the important features of modern computing technology are described. The difficulties of demonstrating cost-effective benefits are explained with reference to the prescribing process in hospitals. Some examples of data collection and checking are given and the importance of the computer software is stressed. The potential benefits of drug information/prescribing systems and associated personnel problems are described. PMID- 6797197 TI - Mixtures and compatibilities in total parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 6797199 TI - Microbial contamination of parenteral and enteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 6797198 TI - Pharmacy role in a total parenteral nutrition therapy - methods and equipment. PMID- 6797200 TI - Fine bore tube feeding. PMID- 6797201 TI - The benefits of central vein feeding and long term access to the circulation. AB - Although parenteral nutrition can be safely administered by peripheral vein for long periods most workers find it a difficult technique primarily because of phlebitis induced by the nutrient solutions. Additionally the need for immobilisation of an arm for at least part of the day restricts the patient's mobility. On the other hand, nutrition through a catheter inserted into a large vein, with its tip positioned in the superior vena cava, allows the infusion of large volumes of nutrients with only minimal risk of phlebitis. If the catheter is inserted through the subclavian or jugular veins there is no need to immobilise a limb and, using portable systems the patient can remain mobile, even whilst infusion is occurring. It is the development of these latter techniques that has led to Home Parenteral Nutrition being a feasible treatment. The hazards associated with central vein nutrition can be minimised by skillful insertion of the catheters and meticulous maintenance thereafter. PMID- 6797202 TI - Prevention of infection in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is an extremely important therapy widely used for nutritional support of many hospitalized patients with complicated medical and surgical problems. One of the most significant complications of TPN therapy however is sepsis. Catheter-associated sepsis is the most frequent infectious complication, although intrinsic or extrinsic contamination of TPN fluid or administration sets or local catheter site infection also occur. Most of the infectious complications of TPN therapy can be prevented with meticulous attention to aseptic technique. An organized team approach to providing TPN for patients will reduce the frequency of complications and will help assure that proper technique is followed at all times. Members of the team need to be aware of hazards presented by new procedures or equipment which have not been thoroughly evaluated and must constantly be aware of new types of problems associated with this therapy. When proper techniques are followed by a well coordinated team, TPN can be safely provided to most patients who need the therapy.U PMID- 6797203 TI - Total parenteral nutrition by peripheral venous infusion. PMID- 6797204 TI - The role of enteral nutrition in malignant disease. PMID- 6797205 TI - Nutritional and immunological abnormalities in malignant disease. PMID- 6797206 TI - The effect of fat infusion on protein metabolism. PMID- 6797208 TI - Enteral nutrition in chronic liver disease. PMID- 6797207 TI - The etiology of hepatic encephalopathy - nutritional implications. PMID- 6797209 TI - Protein turnover in acute and chronic liver disease. AB - The method of constant infusion of U14C tyrosine tracer was used to measure whole body protein turnover in 24 patients with liver disease of varying severity. Whilst on a basic diet of glucose alone (5 g/hr), protein turnover and endogenous breakdown was significantly elevated in patients with cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure (F.H.F.), breakdown rising to 700 g/d greater than normal in F.H.F. In addition plasma aromatic aminoacids were significantly elevated and positively associated with the increases in endogenous protein breakdown (r = 0.78, p less than 0.05). Fourteen patients had a second infusion after dietary supplementation with either complete aminoacids (3 g/hr, n = 8) or branched chain aminoacids (BCAA, 4 g/hr, n = 6). The complete mixture did not worsen encephalopathy, improved the plasma aminoacid pattern, reduced protein breakdown and resulted in positive aminoacid balance. The BCAA supplements significantly reduced protein oxidation and endogenous breakdown. The results indicate that protein restriction in cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure will not significantly affect the load of aminoacids on the liver, nor their accumulation in plasma. Nutritional support of such patients should therefore include 40 - 60 g. protein per day to prevent protein depletion, and hypertonic glucose and insulin to suppress catabolism. BCAA supplementation may play a useful supportive role in increasing the utilisable nitrogen content of the diet and further suppressing catabolism. PMID- 6797210 TI - Septicaemia and endocarditis due to streptococci of Lancefield group B. PMID- 6797211 TI - Thin needle aspiration cytology of benign intrathoracic lesions. AB - The cytologic findings of five benign intrathoracic mass lesions diagnosed by thin needle aspiration cytology are described and illustrated. Technical aspects of the procedure as well as the usefulness of special stains and cultures are discussed. Methods that can be used to enhance the acceptability of nonmalignant diagnoses are outlined. PMID- 6797212 TI - 14C-aminopyrine breath test in liver disease. A comparison with conventional hepatic laboratory tests. PMID- 6797213 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. I. Spectrum of von Willebrand's disease in Niigata. PMID- 6797214 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. II. Gel filtration studies on plasma factor VIII in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6797215 TI - Prevention of infection with protected environment and prophylactic antibiotics in the therapy of acute leukemia. PMID- 6797216 TI - Spleen colony assay of the cells from murine plasma cell leukemia secreting more than one class of immunoglobulin heavy chain. PMID- 6797217 TI - Pentoxifylline does not change cerebral blood flow or metabolism in the dog. AB - Pentoxifylline 0.3--30 mg/kg was given intravenously to six dogs under nitrous oxide anesthesia. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a sagittal sinus outflow technique, cerebral oxygen consumption was calculated from the a-v difference, and metabolite levels were determined in biopsies of cerebral cortex. Pentoxifylline failed to influence cerebral blood flow or oxygen consumption. There was no increase in cerebral levels of phosphocreatine, ATP or total adenine nucleotides; the only significant effect was higher glucose levels in dogs given pentoxifylline (4.49 +/- 0.39 mumol/g vs 2.21 +/- 0.18 mumol/g). The latter has previously been reported to be deleterious during cerebral ischemia. Pentoxifylline thus failed to have any significant influence upon cerebral blood flow or metabolism in the dog likely to be of benefit during cerebral hypoxia or ischemia. PMID- 6797218 TI - Cerebral blood flow in the acute phase after head injury. Part 2: Correlation to intraventricular pressure (IVP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), PaCO2, ventricular fluid lactate, lactate/pyruvate ratio and pH. AB - In 40 comatose patients with severe head injury, cerebral blood flow (CBF) studies were performed with the 133Xenon washout technique over the most severely injured hemisphere. All patients were mildly sedated with diazepam, chlorpromazine and meperidine and subjected to respiratory support. Simultaneously with the CBF study, intraventricular pressure (IVP), systemic arterial pressure (SAP) and ventricular fluid (VF) lactate, pyruvate and pH were measured. The results indicate a positive correlation between CBF and lactate in patients with a good recovery, irrespective of the time after the trauma, and a positive correlation irrespective of outcome, if the measurements were performed more than 3 days after the trauma. In patients with mainly supratentorial lesions without signs of brain-stem lesions, CBF and CPP were positively correlated, while CBF and ICP were negatively correlated (lost autoregulation). In contradistinction, CBF was positively correlated to ICP and PaCO2 in patients with diffuse brain injury. In some cases of repeated dynamic studies, the clinical course seemed to be related to changes in the measured parameters. PMID- 6797219 TI - Control of carbon dioxide in modified Mapleson A and D (Hafnia) anaesthetic systems. An experimental model. AB - The effects of varying ventilations (VE) and fresh gas flows (FGF) on end expiratory CO2 (FECO2) levels were investigated in an experimental model lung, employing the Hafnia modification of the Mapleson A and D anaesthetic systems during CO2-absorption and CO2-wash-out (rebreathing). Identical results were found in both systems: FECO2 was constant and independent of FGF with CO2 absorption and constant VE, whereas rebreathing resulted in increasing FECO2 levels as FGF was decreased. As control of FECO2 in the rebreathing systems by regulating FGF could only take place within FECO2 levels higher than that determined by VE at complete CO2-absorption, e.g. for the Hafnia A and D rebreathing systems, control of FGF necessitates relative hyperventilation. FECO2 with constant FGF decreased with increasing VE during CO2-absorption, as well as during rebreathing, although this decrease was less in the rebreathing systems. Thus a decrease in FECO2 with rising VE can be avoided and hypocapnia prevented. The results agree with those obtained in clinical studies. PMID- 6797220 TI - An overview of Carville research. PMID- 6797221 TI - [Clofazimine and the eye]. PMID- 6797224 TI - [Direct surgery of leprous neuritis]. PMID- 6797223 TI - [Therapy of lepromatous erythema nodosum using chloramphenicol. Comparison with thalidomide. Statistical study from the Marchoux Institute]. PMID- 6797222 TI - [Result of studies of immunotherapy of lepromatous leprosy and borderline leprosy]. PMID- 6797225 TI - [Suppressor role of macrophages at the level of cell-mediated immunity in patients with polar leprosy]. PMID- 6797227 TI - Hyperglycemia in the reperfusion period hampers recovery from cerebral ischemia. AB - Glucose treatment prior to cerebral ischemia is followed by similar metabolic and hemodynamic recovery (Siemkowicz & Gjedde 1980), and normalisation of brain extracellular ions (Siemkowicz & Hansen 1981). In view of this, the present study investigated whether post-ischemic hyperglycemia influenced recovery from cerebral ischemia. In rats which received 50% glucose during a 10 min period of cerebral ischemia, and which had a plasma glucose level of 28.5 mM after 10 min of recirculation, recovery was inferior to that of rats receiving either 8% NaCl or 0.9% NaCl (and hence the rats were normoglycemic). Furthermore, rats which had been rendered hyperglycemic (39 mM) prior to ischemia, and which had plasma glucose lowered to 15 mM by insulin treatment during ischemia, did not recover and died within 4 days. Conversely, rats with somewhat lower preischemic hyperglycemia (28 mM), and which had plasma glucose lowered to 12 mM by insulin treatment during ischemia, recovered as well as the normoglycemic rats. In conclusion, preischemic and postischemic hyperglycemia is detrimental to recovery from cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6797226 TI - [Comparative study of valproic acid and sodium valproate (author's transl)]. AB - The action of valproic acid prescribed instead of sodium valproate in strictly identical conditions was analysed in 11 epileptic children and 24 adults. No change in therapeutic effect was observed in a large proportion of cases. However, blood tests showed an increase in serum levels in most cases. Thus, valproic acid can be of help in cases hitherto treated with sodium valproate, on the same basis as diphenylhydantoin; the acid form sometimes offers an advantage over the use of the sodium salt. PMID- 6797228 TI - Effect of changes in PCO2 and body positions on intraocular pressure during general anaesthesia. AB - Elevated arterial carbon dioxide tension, induced by the administration of CO2 via the respiratory air or by hypoventilation, entailed a gradual increase in the IOP in patients without eye diseases under general anaesthesia. A sudden cessation of CO2 administration or hyperventilation caused such a rapid, simultaneous fall in IOP to values below the initial level that the pressure variations must be of vascular nature, presumably related to changes in choroidal blood volume. The above-mentioned procedures always cause a change in the central venous pressure (CVP) simultaneously with the IOP changes. Alterations of the CVP induced by hydrostatic factors in postural changes, placing the head 15 degrees above or below the horizontal level while keeping the PaCO2 constant, caused IOP changes of the same configuration and magnitude as described above. It is concluded, therefore, that presumably the CO2-conditioned IOP changes are due predominantly to changes in central venous pressure, being one link in a CO2 conditioned action upon the general circulation, entailing passive secondary changes in the choroidal venous blood volume and thereby an influence upon the IOP. On the basis of the present results it appears rational to recommend hyperventilation to keep the PaCO2 between 25 and 30 mm and a 15 degree anti Trendelenburg position in operations on the eye under general anaesthesia, since both procedures afford a low central venous pressure and consequently a low pressure in the posterior segment of the eye, with its attendant advantages as regards vitreous complications and the insertion of intraocular lenses. Owing to the risk of an unacceptable fall in BP in the combined procedure, a frequent checking of the BP is needed. PMID- 6797229 TI - Fabry's disease and cornea verticillata. A report of 3 cases. AB - Fabry's disease is a rare familial disorder of glycolipid metabolism which is caused by a deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase. A Finnish family is described in which cornea verticillata was found in the father and 2 daughters. In all cases, there were symptoms suggesting Fabry's disease: febrile episodes the origin of which was not clear, limb pains and, in the case of the father, 20 years of proteinuria with elevated ESR, and hemiplegia and aphasia following a cerebral thrombosis at the age of 43. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of an alpha-galactosidase deficit in the serum and urine of all patients. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to abnormally high urinary tri- and dihexosyl ceramide levels, and this was observed in the father and the elder daughter. At the age of 12, the daughter had loss of vision in her right eye as a result of occlusion of the central retinal artery. Electron microscopic (EM) examination of the father's dermal angioma suggested Fabry's disease. Computerized cranial tomography of the father revealed not only the cerebrovascular condition but also a disease affecting the white matter of the brain. PMID- 6797230 TI - The pathogenesis of congenital vertebral malformations. A study based on observations made in 11 human embryos and fetuses. AB - The pathogenesis of congenital vertebral malformations was investigated histologically in 266 human embryos and fetuses. Malformations were found in 11 specimens, and were grouped according to a detailed classification. All the malformations were observed as abnormalities of the cartilaginous anlage of the vertebral body, and permitted some conclusions as to their pathogenesis. A hemivertebra or other defect of formation of the vertebral body is considered to be caused by abnormal differential growth of the loose-celled area. Defects of segmentation are due to complete chondrification of the dense-celled area or to an absence of the dense-celled area. The notochord does not seem to be responsible for malformations. Compensatory growth of other vertebral bodies resulting from a partial defect or a peculiar shape of the body is already present in this very early stage of development. Some specimens show a relationship between the abnormal distribution of the intersegmental arteries and the abnormality of the vertebral segments. Considering the importance of the intersegmental artery in the formation of the definitive vertebral body anlage, as mentioned in a previous paper, it may be concluded that congenital vertebral malformations are likely to occur during the stage of resegmentation and to be related to the abnormal distribution of the intersegmental arteries. PMID- 6797231 TI - Active phenoxymethylpenicillin (pcV) in the mucous membranes of the oral bucca and maxillary sinus and in diffusion chambers implanted in rabbits. A methodological study. AB - The intention of prescribing antibiotic treatment must be to achieve a concentration of the agent within the infected tissue well above th MIC or the bacteria causing the infection. As a basis for further clinical studies on antibiotic concentrations in maxillary sinus mucosa in humans, determinations of biologically active penicillin V in the mucous membranes of the maxillary sinus and the buccal mucose as well as in tissue fluids and tissue from subcutaneously implanted tissue cages in rabbits were made. Several experimental conditions were studied, with the purpose of establishing optimal conditions with regard to tissue sampling, blood contamination, prediffusion time, etc. Penicillin V was shown to have a good penetration into mucosal tissue in the rabbit, even at low perfusion pressure. PMID- 6797232 TI - Malignancy of 4NQO-induced oral squamous cell carcinomas in the rat. AB - Oral carcinomas in the rat were induced by painting the hard palate three times a week for 22 weeks with the carcinogen 4-nitrochinoline N-oxide (4NQO). The induction resulted almost consistently in highly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, often showing excessive keratinization. No metastases were recorded from any of the primary tumours. Transplantation experiments, performed on 23 out of a total of 26 induced carcinomas, generally yielded a negative result, only one tumour being transplantable. The biological significance of these features of 4NQO-induced oral rat carcinomas are discussed. PMID- 6797233 TI - Growth hormone secretion in protein energy malnutrition. AB - Plasma hGH levels were assessed in 15 infants with protein energy malnutrition following insulin induced hypoglycemia, arginine and L-Dopa provocation tests and intravenous glucose tolerance test. Fasting hGH levels were high in 85.7% of the cases. An adequate hGH response to stimulation was obtained in only 42.8% of the cases with insulin induced hypoglycemia; in 52.5% with arginine; in 30.8% with L Dopa. Response to at least one type of provocation was obtained in all 5 cases to which all three tests were applied. Exaggerated or delayed response to provocative stimuli was also encountered in a number of the cases. Intravenous glucose tolerance test did not lead to suppression in hGH secretion or to increase in insulin secretion in these subjects. The results indicate that marasmic protein energy malnutrition may lead to defects in the hGH secretory function of the hypothalamopituitary axis. PMID- 6797234 TI - Screening of Rh-antibodies in Rh-negative female infants with Rh-positive mothers. AB - The sera of 96 consecutive Rh-negative female infants born to Rh-positive mothers were examined at birth, and sera from 88 of these infants were examined for the presence of Rh-antibodies at the ages of about three and eight months. A two stage papain test and an AutoAnalyzer method were used for antibody screening and identification. Weak anti-D antibodies were found by the papain and AutoAnalyzer techniques in two cord sera, In neither case could the antibodies be demonstrated in samples taken on later occasions. Weak anti-D antibodies were found by the AutoAnalyzer technique but not by the manual methods in the sera of two other infants at the age of eight months. These antibodies could still be demonstrated by the same technique in samples taken about one month later. Though far from conclusively, the results support the "grandmother theory", but because of the low incidence of sensitization and uncertain nature of the anti-D antibodies demonstrable only by the AutoAnalyzer technique, anti-D prophylaxis is not recommended for newborn Rh-negative female infants with Rh-positive mothers. PMID- 6797235 TI - Radiologic evaluation of prophylaxis in severe haemophilia. AB - The effect of prophylactic treatment of severe haemophilia A and B was evaluated with a recently described radiologic score system for assessing the severity of arthropathy. The severity of the arthropathy was assessed in 50 patients with severe haemophilia receiving prophylaxis with factor VIII or IX (25--30 units factor VIII or IX/kg bodyweight at 4--7 day intervals), and in 9 in whom the condition was complicated by inhibitors and who were thus not receiving prophylaxis. The score values found in a recent investigation of the natural course of haemophilia served as controls in the evaluation of the effect of the prophylaxis. In the group with severe haemophilia receiving prophylaxis changes appeared only exceptionally in joints not affected already before the prophylaxis, and the course of the arthropathy and its severity according to age did not vary to any noteworthy extent from that in the control group with moderate haemophilia. In the cases complicated by inhibitors the joints were most often worse than those in the control group with severe haemophilia. It is concluded that prophylaxis has a considerable effect on the course of the arthropathy and the prophylaxis should be instituted at an early stage of the disease, when the joints are still unaffected. PMID- 6797236 TI - Enhanced susceptibility to aflatoxin B1 toxicity in weanling mice pretreated with carbon tetrachloride. AB - Weanling male mice with or without prior treatment with CCl4 (0.5 ml/kg) were exposed to either single (20.5, 25.6, 32 and 40 mg/kg) or multiple (4 mg/kg for 10 days or 8 mg/kg for 5 days) doses of aflatoxin B1. Evidence of its acute toxic and carcinogenic effects was found only in CCl4 pre-treated mice. Single dose LD 50 value under these conditions was calculated to be 26.8 mg/kg. Histological changes which predominantly occurred in the liver were characterized by acute necrosis and degeneration of the parenchymal cells. Hepatomas were observed as early as 9 months of age in CCl4 pre-treated animals given 4 mg/kg aflatoxin daily for 10 days. It is thus suggested that the repeated use of CCl4 as an anthelmintic in animals which are apparently resistant to the lethal and hepatocarcinogenic action of aflatoxin might increase their sensitivity to this mycotoxin. PMID- 6797237 TI - Ampicillin treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in vivo. An experimental study in rabbits. AB - The effect of ampicillin on gonococci was investigated in chambers subcutaneously implanted in rabbits. An intramuscular injection of ampicillin resulted in a rapid increase of the ampicillin concentration in serum, whereas the diffusion of ampicillin into the fluid of a non-infected chamber was comparatively slow. The ampicillin concentration was, however, maintained in the chamber fluid during a prolonged period of time as compared to ampicillin in serum. The concentration profile of ampicillin in the infected chamber was similar to that of the non infected chamber, though at a lower level. No viable gonococci were detected 120 minutes after the injection of ampicillin. In contrast, the same concentration of ampicillin in a liquid culture resulted in slower reduction in the viability of the gonococcal strain. Even after 300 minutes a small population of gonococci was viable. Thus, a difference in the activity of ampicillin could be observed between the in vitro and the in vivo test situation. PMID- 6797238 TI - Studies on a haemolytic substance in Yersinia enterocolitica. AB - Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O3 was found to produce a haemolytic substance which could be released from the bacterial cells by sonic disintegration. The substance was non-dialysable, thermolabile, antigenic, and sensitive to trypsin. Chromatographic studies indicated a high molecular weight. Erythrocytes from different mammalian species differed in sensitivity to the haemolytic substance. Y. enterocolitica serotypes O8 and O9 produced no haemolytic substance. PMID- 6797239 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in relation to serogroups. AB - Susceptibility testings, by means of the agar-dilution method, were performed on nine antibiotics of 138 non-PPNG (beta-lactamase-producing = PPNG) strains, 17 of which originated from Thailand, and 88 PPNG isolates. The gonococcal strains were sero-grouped by the co-agglutination method and classified among the sero-groups W I, W II or W III. Statistically significant differences in antibiotic susceptibility between non-PPNG strains of the three sero-groups could be demonstrated with strains belonging to sero-group W I as the most sensitive and W III isolates as the most resistant. Non-PPNG strains from Thailand were significantly more resistant than the other non-PPNG isolates of the same sero group. There was, however, no significant difference in resistance between non PPNG strains from Thailand and PPNG isolates of the same sero-group. PPNG strains of sero-group W I were significantly more sensitive than PPNG strains of sero group W II, whereas there was no significant difference between PPNG isolates of sero-groups W II and W III. Non-PPNG strains, not from Thailand, of sero-groups W I and W II were significantly more susceptible to non beta-lactam antibiotics than PPNG strains of corresponding sero-groups, while no such difference could be demonstrated for non-PPNG and PPNG isolates of sero-group W III. PMID- 6797241 TI - Loss of sulfonamide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Four strains of Neisseria meningitidis were studied during serial passage. From two strains which originally were sulfonamide resistant, variants developed that had altered susceptibility to sulfonamides. One of the variants became relatively highly sulfonamide-sensitive, the other exhibited merely reduced sulfonamide resistance. There was a difference in the resistance pattern for two sulfonamides (sulfaisodimidine and sulfamethoxazole), and the effect of inoculum size and growth conditions in three different media could be demonstrated. Although the patterns of susceptibility to other antibacterial agents were different for the strains studied, no further susceptibility alterations occurred in parallel to the sulfonamide sensitivity changes. The variants also lost their ability to liberate free endotoxin. PMID- 6797240 TI - Use of selected ion monitoring for detection of tuberculostearic and C32 mycocerosic acid in mycobacteria and in five-day-old cultures of sputum specimens from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. AB - Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and selected ion monitoring (SIM), employing both electron (EI) and chemical ionization (CI), was used to detect 10 methyloctadecanoic (tuberculostearic) and 2, 4, 8, 8-tetramethyloctacosanoic (C32 mycocerosic) acids in bacteria of 14 species of Mycobacterium and 3 species of Nocardia. Tuberculostearic acid was found in all species studied, while C32 mycocerosic acid was demonstrated only in M. africanum, M bovis, M. bovis strain BCG, M. kansasii and M. tuberculosis. The relative amounts of these acids in the organisms of these five species varied, thereby constituting a presumptive diagnostic technique. The lowest detectable amount of C32 mycocerosic acid was approximately 5 pg when using EI-SIM, monitoring at m/zz 88 and m/z 101. When using CI, employing isobutane as reactant gas, and focusing at m/z 495, 2 pg could be detected, and when ammonia was the reactant gas, the corresponding figure was 1 pg, monitoring at m/z 512. Tuberculostearic acid was demonstrated in 5-day incubated sputum specimens from 6 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, including 5 patients infected with M tuberculosis and 1 patient infected with M. avium. C32 mycocerosic acid was detected in 4 of the 5 patients with M. tuberculosis infection. None of the acids was found in a further 8 patients who had viral or bacterial (non-mycobacterial) pneumonia. Tuberculostearic acid could be demonstrated in 10 of another 12 sputum specimens from patients with tuberculosis, when the samples were analyzed directly, viz prior to culturing. The possibility of using SIM for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is thus worth consideration. PMID- 6797242 TI - Loss of endotoxin liberation in Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Four strains of Neisseria meningitidis were studied during serial passage. Upon subcultivation, two of them lost the ability to liberate endotoxin. Ultrastructurally, the two parent endotoxin liberating strains exhibited quantitatively more free cell wall membranes and blebs in the medium than their non-liberating variants. Similarly, the endotoxin-releasing original strains exhibited higher sulfonamide resistance than their variants, and had markedly more sticky cells, which showed pronounced adherence to the surfaces of plastic and heated blood agar. PMID- 6797243 TI - Serotype protein agglutinogens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The distribution among Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains of the serotype protein agglutinogens (SPA) carried by the laboratory strains VII, V, and 8551 was studied. The bacterial outer membrane was isolated, treated with periodate, and used for immunization of rabbits. Each antiserum was cross-absorbed with both of the heterologous strains and examined by a bacterial agglutination test against 42 other gonococcal isolates, including laboratory strains and recent clinical isolates. In all, 36 of the isolates could be serotyped, 23 of which carried SPA VII, six SPA V, three SPA 8551, and four both of the SPAs V and 8551. Antiserum was prepared in a similar way against each of the six strains that could not be serotyped. These antisera showed varying patterns of cross-reactivity, depending on the strains used for cross-absorption. PMID- 6797244 TI - Effect of penicillin on the morphology of a Neisseria meningitidis strain liberating free endotoxin. An electron microscope study. AB - An endotoxin-liberating strain of Neisseria meningitidis plasmolysed extensively after 2 h of exposure to 100 times MIC values of benzypenicillin. The peptidoglycan layer could be demonstrated after 2 h of treatment in places where the cytoplasm still was close to the cell wall. After 20 h, however, this layer was complete undetectable. In untreated cells the peptidoglycan layer could more easily be found in older cultures than in very young cultures. An increased adhesiveness and aggregation to other bacterial cells and to cell wall material could be observed after 2 h of penicillin treatment, and more pronouncedly after 20 h. A high yield of free cell wall material could be demonstrated after 2 h of penicillin treatment. This corresponded well to an increased content of free endotoxin in the filtrates from the cell cultures treated with penicillin, compared to untreated controls. After 20 h of treatment, free cell wall material had formed large aggregates or was adherent to the cell walls of ghost cells. The corresponding endotoxin analysis showed a reduced content of filtrable endotoxin. Possible implications of the structural changes in relation to penicillin treatment of patients are discussed. PMID- 6797245 TI - Quantitative studies on immunologically specific and non-specific absorption of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibodies in serum from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - A quantitative determination of anti-Pseudomonas immunoglobulins was carried out by means of rocket-line immunoelectrophoresis in the serum from 19 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infection and with many precipitins against these bacteria (CF + P). from six CF patients without P. aeruginosa infection (CF-P) and from nine normal persons. On an average P. aeruginosa antigens could absorb 7.7% of IgG, 8.4% of IgA and 29% of IgM from CF + P sera, whereas no detectable IgG and IgA and only 14.6% IgM were absorbed from normal sera and only 1.2% of IgG, 3.8% of IgA, but 29% of IgM was absorbed from CF-P sera. The results show that most, if not all, of the P. aeruginosa precipitins belong to the IgG and IgA classes, but that these precipitins can account only for part of the increased levels of immunoglobulins in CF-P patients. Staphylococcus aureus containing protein A (strain Cowan 1) could absorb 95% of the precipitating antibodies against P. aeruginosa and 92% of IgG, 27% of IgA and 34% of IgM in CF-P patients. The absorption of P. aeruginosa precipitins by protein A points to a possible synergism between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infections in the lungs of CF patients, since S. aureus may interfere with antibody-mediated immune elimination of P. aeruginosa. Such a mechanism may also facilitate infections with other microorganisms in these patients. PMID- 6797246 TI - Antibiotics and granulocytes. Direct and indirect effects on granulocyte chemotaxis. AB - Twelve antibiotics were investigated regarding both their direct in vitro influence on granulocyte chemotaxis, and their indirect effect on the production of chemotactic factors from cultures of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the beta-lactam antibiotics studied caused significant alterations of granulocyte migratory response when incubated with the cells at concentrations of up to 128 microgram/ml. The two aminoglycoside preparations, and the two tetracycline preparations caused significant depressions of the migration response. Production of chemotactic factors was stimulated from growing cultures of E. coli by sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of beta-lactam antibiotics and from Ps. aeruginosa by the cephalosporin derivatives only. The differences observed were most probably due to the mode of action at the bacterial cell wall level. PMID- 6797247 TI - Antibodies to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Antibodies to staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid (LTA) were determined in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a group of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and a group of healthy individuals. Sera from 11 out of 74 MS patients, i.e. 15 per cent, contained precipitating antibodies demonstrated by the double diffusion in agar test, compared to 48 out of 94 control sera, i.e. 51 per cent. By using an indirect haemagglutination test, antibodies to LTA were found in all sera from both patients and controls. On the other hand, LTA antibodies were detected in a higher proportion of the CSF samples from MS patients than from controls. A reduced serum to CSF ration of LTA antibodies compared with the ratio for a reference antibody was demonstrated in 7 out of 10 MS patients, suggesting a local synthesis within the central nervous system. Absorption of seven MS CSF samples with LTA removed one to three of the cathodic oligoclonal IgG bands demonstrated by agarose electrophoresis and reduced the IgG concentration. PMID- 6797248 TI - Regulation of brain prostaglandins by sexual steroids. AB - Hypothalamic PGF2 alpha content was determined by radioimmunoassay in rats. The male animals had significantly higher PGF/2 alpha level than the females. The hypothalamic PGF2alpha content increased following orchidectomy (GDX), while ovariectomy alone or combined with oestrone (100 microgram/kg or 1mg/kg i.m.) resulted in a significant i.m.) alone was ineffective. Testosterone (1 or 5 mg/kg i.m.) in GDX animals restored the hypothalamic PGF2 alpha content to the control level. The synthesis and breakdown of prostaglandins were also studied in the microsomal and cytosol fraction of brain homogenate. The PGD2 was the main product of the arachidonate cascade in rat brain microsomes. OVX increased the formation of PGD2 and diminished the biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha. Oestrone administration to OVX rats enhanced the formation of PGF2 alpha. Progesterone injection decreased the biosynthesis of PGF2 alpha and PGD2 alpha and PGD2 in OVX animals. Combined administration of progesterone and oestrone to OVX rats failed to restore the PGF2 alpha synthesis. In orchidectomized animals the arachidonate cascade was found to be depressed, further the synthesis of prostaglandins was normalized after testosterone substitution. The inactivation of 3H-PGF2 alpha by rat brain cytosol fraction was negligible. PMID- 6797249 TI - Overlapping effect of thyroid-stimulating hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone on the thyroid gland in baby chicken. AB - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) although quantitatively less effective than thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the thyroid gland, overlapped with the actions of the latter regarding the indices tested. Thus, it increased the follicular diameter and height of epithelial cells. These findings appear to support our earlier observation demonstrating an overlapping effect of tropic hormones in the gonads and suggest that the overlapping action of tropic hormones with related structure is a general phenomenon in the perinatal period. PMID- 6797250 TI - Anticonvulsant properties of two new 3,3-diethyl-2,4-pyridinedione derivatives. II. Effects on two experimental models of cortical focal epilepsy in cats. PMID- 6797251 TI - Characteristics and rate of occurrence of spontaneous and provoked augmented breaths. AB - The tidal volume and corresponding efferent phrenic activity of spontaneously occurring and provoked "augmented" breaths, AB, and the subsequent post-augmented breaths were studied in cats anesthetized with pentobarbitone during hypercapnia and hypoxia. The augmentation phase (phase II) begins at, or close to, the crest of what appears as a "normal" inspiration (phase I). The amplitude and duration of phase II remained fairly constant whereas the amplitude and the duration of phase I changed with chemical drive just as in control breaths. The smaller amplitude and shorter duration of post-augmented breaths as compared to control breaths seems to be due to both a lower-than-normal inspiratory "off-switch" threshold following the AB and an increased rate of rise of inspiratory activity. With increasing hypercapnia and hypoxia both the time interval between AB and the refractory period following an AB during which a new AB cannot be provoked were reduced. Following bilateral vagotomy AB was temporarily abolished but reappeared after 1-2 h. The relatively low rates of occurrence after vagotomy still showed the same type of dependence on chemical stimuli. The refractory period was not abolished although usually decreased by gallamine paralysis or high thoracic spinalization. PMID- 6797252 TI - Histochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase in gill lamellae from young salmon (Salmo salar L.) adapted to fresh and salt water. PMID- 6797253 TI - Brain uptake of mannitol and sucrose after cerebral ischemia: effect of hyperglycemia. AB - The effect of 10 min cerebral ischemia on blood-brain barrier permeability to mannitol and sucrose was evaluated in normo- and hyperglycemic rats. In the period immediately after ischemia (1-4 min) the PS (permeability-surface area product) for mannitol was 159% +/- 75 of control (0.17 +/- 0.02 mg/100 g min) in the hyperglycemic rats (plasma glucose 8 mM) and 204% +/- 30 of control (0.09 +/- 0.02 mg/100 g min) in the hyperglycemic rats (plasma glucose 28 mM). Two hours after ischemia, PS for mannitol returned to the control levels in the normoglycemic rats and remained elevated in hyperglycemic animals. The mannitol/sucrose ratios-2.3 +/- 0.4 in normoglycemic rats and 2.6 +/- 0.1 in hyperglycemic rats-remained unchanged after ischemia. As there was no significant difference in the effects of ischemia on normo- and hyperglycemic rats, it was concluded that the deleterious effect of hyperglycemic on clinical recovery after cerebral ischemia in rats (Siemkowicz & Hansen 1978) is not related to enhancement of BBB damage. PMID- 6797254 TI - Further studies on the gonadotrophin-induced inhibition of respiration in the preovulatory rat cumulus oophorus. AB - It has been shown earlier that LH decreases the oxygen consumption of the rat cumulus oophorus cells, i.e. the granulosa cells immediately surrounding the follicular oocyte. The decrease occurs in the preovulatory period at the time when the oocyte resumes and completes meiosis. This study examines in more detail the time-course of LH-induced inhibition of cumulus respiration. The results show that when isolated cumuli were exposed to LH during in vitro culture a significant inhibition of respiration occurred within one hour. When follicle enclosed cumuli were exposed to LH, in vivo or in vitro, the decrease in respiration was not evident until 4 hours after the hormone exposure. By this time oocyte maturation was already in progress. The results suggest that the decrease in cumulus respiration may not be directly linked to the onset of oocyte meiosis. PMID- 6797255 TI - A study of the effect of stimulated endogenous prostaglandin synthesis on urine flow, osmolar excretion rate, and renin release in hydropenic and saline loaded, anesthetized rats. AB - The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects on urine flow and osmolar excretion of arachidonic acid (C20:4) infused in the renal artery of anaesthetized rats under conditions in which indomethacin previously was found to reduce urine flow and to prevent the development of a moderate saline diuresis. C20:4 caused a reversible increase in the urinary excretion rates of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha both in hydropenic rats and in rats during a saline diuresis. Renal venous plasma concentration of PGE2 increased significantly while the increase in PGF2 alpha was insignificant. C20:4 infusion was followed by an increase in urine flow and osmolar excretion rate in hydropenic rats, and it augmented urine flow (but not solute excretion) in saline-loaded rats. This latter effect was blunted by indomethacin treatment and inactin anaesthesia. Increased endogenous PG-levels were associated with only a modest (insignificant) increase in renin release under the present conditions. Saline loading acutely depressed PGE2 and PGF2 alpha urinary excretion rates and plasma renin concentration (PRC). The fall in PRC was unaffected by indomethacin. The main conclusions are that endogenous renal PG's have a diuretic effect in the amytal anaesthetized rat, while an effect on osmolar excretion rate is apparent only under hydropenic conditions. Acute saline loading depresses renal PG-synthesis, but this depression is not the only cause of the fall in PRC following saline loading. The saline diuresis is caused by a mechanism(s) not involving prostaglandins. PMID- 6797256 TI - Transcellular and intercellular transport of anions in the kidney tubules of dogs. AB - Fractional reabsorption of 4 anions was measured in anesthetized dogs either during inhibition of bicarbonate-dependent intercellular NaCl transport by acetazolamide or mannitol, or during inhibition of transcellular NaCl reabsorption in the diluting segment by ethacrynic acid or ouabain. When administered subsequent to ethacrynic acid, acetazolamide reduced fractional reabsorption of SCN, Br, Cl and I by 0.28 +/- 0.03, 0.28 +/- 0.02, 0.27 +/- 0.03 and 0.31 +/- 0.03. Mannitol given after ethacrynic acid reduced fractional reabsorptions by 0.23 +/- 0.04, 0.20 +/- 0.04, 0.20 +/- 0.05 and 0.20 +/- 0.05, respectively. Thus, the bicarbonate-dependent reabsorption system does not discriminate between these anions. Ethacrynic acid reduced fractional reabsorption of SCN, Br and Cl by 0.28 +/- 0.05, 0.24 +/- 0.03, 0.22 +/- 0.03 in one group, by 0.32 /+- 0.04, 0.34 +/- 0.03, 0.31 +/- 0.04 in another group, with significantly smaller reductions for I, 0.07 +/- 0.03, in both groups. Ouabain reduced fractional reabsorption of Br, Cl and I by 0.48 +/- 0.04, 0.46 +/- 0.04 and 0.24 +/- 0.03, respectively. Thus, anion permeability or transport affinity for bromide, chloride and iodide are equal both for inter- and transcellular transport, while iodide transport is slow along the transcellular route. No specific transport mechanism for chloride was detected. PMID- 6797257 TI - On the Ca2+-permeability of neurons and glia. AB - Fractions enriched in pinched-off nerve terminals and astrocytic glial cells were used to analyse the permeability of Ca++ of the two membranes. Three experimental models were used to illustrate a principle difference of the excitatory versus the no-excitatory cell membrane, with respect to Ca-permeability. The effect of an increased [Ca++] on 86Rb+ and 3H-GABA transport was measured in medium containing low and high [K+]. The possibility of GABA stimulation of release of preaccumulated 45Ca+4 with low and high [K+] was compared in neurons and glia. Finally, the effect of depolarizing [K+] on the transmembranal Ca++-gradient was measured by comparing the efficacy of the Ca-ionophore A23187 to depolarize or to inhibit the 3H-GABA uptake at these different [K+]. The data essentially confirms the picture of a potential dependent Ca++-permeability in the neuron, while the permeability of the glial cells seems a "true" constant. It might be relevant to suggest the astrocyte a role as a "Ca-buffer" with possibilities to control extracellular Ca+4 in cases of hyperactivity, this in analogy with what has been suggested for K+. PMID- 6797258 TI - [Sensitivity of bacterial isolated from non-parenteral drugs to antibiotics. I. Isolation and identification of microorganisms]. PMID- 6797259 TI - [Sensitivity of bacteria isolated from non-parenteral drugs to antibiotics. II. Sensitivity of gram-positive strains]. PMID- 6797260 TI - Effervescent agents in the double contrast examination of the stomach. AB - The buffer capacities of the BaSO4, contrast media are poor. Yet the pH changes caused by effervescent agents or gastric contents are insignificant for mucosal adsorption. The increase of the viscosity and decrease of the density impair the results of the examination. PMID- 6797261 TI - Healing of liver wounds inflicted with CO2 laser. Light and electron microscopic investigations. PMID- 6797262 TI - [Retrograde endoscopic cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of cholestasis]. PMID- 6797263 TI - Effects of irradiated glucose solutions on DMBA-induced tumors in rats. PMID- 6797264 TI - Origin and spread of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Klebsiella during twenty years in an infectious hospital. AB - Bacteriological examinations carried out in an infectious hospital revealed that the occurrence of Pseudomonas and Proteus grew 4-fold, and the rate of Klebsiella positive cultures 3.5-fold between 1958 and 1977. On the other hand, the occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus decreased to the half since 1961. The occurrence of Gram-negative facultative pathogens started to increase in the surgical wards in the fifties and the rise lasted until the mid-sixties. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent among them. In contrast, Escherichia coli dominated and P. aeruginosa was the least frequent in the non-surgical wards. Here the Gram-negative facultative pathogens showed a more rapid increase and the incidence of P. aeruginosa and Proteus kept rising throughout the whole examination period. When Gram-negative facultative pathogens of hospital origin were colonizing, the proportion of sick persons versus symptomless carriers was significantly higher than in the case of extrahospital colonization on the basis of the records of 300 P. aeruginosa, 300 Proteus and 300 Klebsiella positive patients. This proportion changed parallel with the rate of the strains of hospital origin. The number of patients who acquired P. aeruginosa, Proteus or Klebsiella extrahospitally, kept continuously rising between 1958 and 1971. Thus, the advance of Gram-negative facultative pathogens is due not ony to nosocomial causes. PMID- 6797266 TI - Inhibitory effect of amikacin on Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. PMID- 6797265 TI - Extrahospital and intrahospital factors predisposing to the spread and colonization in patients of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Klebsiella in an infectious hospital. AB - The number of patients admitted to hospital who harbour Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus and Klebsiella, keeps rising. Of the factors predisposing to colonization, only diabetes and antibiotic therapy exert their effect equally in extrahospital and intrahospital environment. Malignant diseases, immune suppressive therapy and instrumental interventions play a predominant role in the hospital. In extrahospital environment, infancy and old age, poor general condition as well as in almost half of the cases, an inflammatory process caused by viruses or bacteria was found to create favourable conditions for the colonization of facultative pathogens. One of the main sources of the Gram negative facultative pathogens studied was the faeces of enteric patients in the hospital. The frequency of P. aeruginosa, Klebsiella and Proteus positive cultures rose parallel in the faecal and non-faecal bacteriological samples in the period 1958 to 1977. The seasonal changes observed in the frequency of positive cultures revealed that the Gram-negative facultative pathogens had increased in number first in the enteral wards, spreading subsequently to the medical and paediatric wards, and finally they appeared in a high number in the surgical wards, originating from patients transferred there from the medical or paediatric wards. PMID- 6797267 TI - Suppression of brain swelling with mannitol and perfluorochemicals. An experimental study. AB - Using the incomplete cerebral hemisphere infarction in dogs, we have been able to produce brain swelling in all animals after six hours of vascular occlusion followed by recirculation of blood. The current study tested the effects of mannitol, perfluorochemicals (FC), and inhalation of oxygen in various combinations on such brain swelling. 1. Mannitol alone, FC alone, and FC together with oxygen were ineffective. Mannitol together with oxygen was to some extent effective in suppressing brain swelling. 2. Mannitol followed by FC was effective in suppressing brain swelling, and this effectiveness was further enhanced by inhalation on oxygen. 3. Noteworthy is the fact that among these experimental groups, there were animals in which brain swelling was severe, yet extravasation of Evans blue was slight and, contrarily, animals in which brain swelling was slight but extravasation severe. PMID- 6797269 TI - [Hematuria in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6797268 TI - [Cutaneous macroglobulinemia with transepidermal elimination]. PMID- 6797270 TI - [Adrianycin as intracavitary coadjuvant treatment of superficial bladder tumors. Our initial experiences]. PMID- 6797271 TI - Effect of serotonin and melatonin on the electrophysiological behaviour of the plasma membrane. PMID- 6797272 TI - The regulatory role of macrophages in antigenic stimulation. Part Two: symbiotic relationship between lymphocytes and macrophages. PMID- 6797273 TI - [The characteristics of aldose reductase in human lens, placenta, and rat organs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797274 TI - Parenteral application of fluids and nutrients to severely burned patients in the balance study. PMID- 6797275 TI - Functional applications of CT of the central nervous system. AB - Although CT has developed as a morphologic technique, its anatomic specificity may be used to map physiologic events. Using intravenously infused iodinated contrast media, CT offers unique analysis of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. If the barrier is not disrupted, the same iodinated indicators may be used to estimate vascular transit time and cerebral blood volume. Nonradioactive xenon, a freely diffusible indicator, enhances the brain substance and may be used to evaluate both cerebral blood flow and tissue integrity in well defined anatomic locales. However, these functional determinations have distinct limitations. Future use of CT, including providing more sophisticated tissue characterization, indicator development, and advances in scanner technology, are discussed. PMID- 6797276 TI - Carotid blood flow in man determined by video dilution technique: 1. Theory, procedure, and normal values. AB - The blood flows in the common, internal, and external carotid arteries were determined as a percentage of the cardiac output by video dilution technique in 20 normal subjects during routine angiography. Nine women and 11 men, ages 19-63 years, displayed a mean flow in the common carotid of 8.5% (SD +/- 0.9%; n = 40); internal carotid, 5.3% (SD +/- 1.0%; n = 24); and external carotid, 3.2% (SD +/- 0.4%; n = 24). Relative flow is calculated by a modification of the Stewart Hamilton principle. The technique is fast, simple, highly accurate, and avoids the errors connected with previous videodensitometric mean transit time techniques. The method can be used in routine angiography without prolonging the catheterization procedure or adding to the patient's risk or cost. PMID- 6797277 TI - Natural history of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage: sonography, computed tomography and neuropathology. AB - The evolution of intracerebral hemorrhage was investigated in a canine model by high resolution sonography, computed tomography (CT), and neuropathologic examination. In 12 dogs, a parietal lobe hematoma was introduced by craniotomy. The sonographic appearance of acute hemorrhage was characteristic and consisted of a sharply circumscribed, homogeneous, highly echogenic lesion, the size and shape of which correlated closely to the area of increased density seen on the CT scan. This changed within 3-4 days to an echogenic rim surrounding a hypoechoic center. Histologically, this change corresponded to a loss of integrity of individual red blood cells. This occurred earliest in the hemorrhage center causing a hypoechoic center, while intact red blood cells at the periphery accounted for the echogenic rim. Shortly after the red blood cells lost their biconcave shape they began to lose their hemoglobin causing the hemorrhage to become isodense with surrounding brain on the CT scan. Faint contrast enhancement by CT was noted at this early stage and was related primarily to a mononuclear perivascular infiltrate at the edge of the hemorrhage. A collagen capsule formed around the hemorrhage over a 2 week period. This capsule slowly replaced intact red cells as the cause of the now shrinking echogenic rim. This capsule was also responsible for the increasing ring contrast enhancement around the resolving hemorrhage. The sequence of image changes seen on both CT and sonography in this experimental model closely resembled the findings seen in intracerebral hemorrhage in patients. PMID- 6797278 TI - Computed tomography of dural sinus thrombosis. AB - For 150 years, the variable clinical appearance of dural sinus thrombosis has plagued clinicians. Computed tomography (CT) has alleviated much of the difficulty in making this diagnosis. A high density lesion in the involved sinus on precontrast scans and a filling defect in the sinus on postcontrast scans were the most frequently observed CT abnormalities in 12 patients with sinus thrombosis. Other findings include the "cord" sign and diffuse cerebral edema. Thrombosis of the superior sagittal sinus, transverse sinus, or sigmoid sinus can occur as an isolated event or in association with other disease entities and may cause no neurologic impairment. PMID- 6797279 TI - Radiodense dural sinuses: new CT sign in patients at risk for hypoxemic insult. AB - The observation of apparent dural sinus opacification in a polycythemic patient with cerebral infarction prompted a review of 300 computed tomographic scans for the significance of dense dural sinuses. Fifteen patients including 11 neonates, were identified; each of them had dense dural sinuses and elevated hematocrit or red blood cell indices or both. With only one exception, computed tomography also showed various low attenuation parenchymal abnormalities. A typical cerebral infarction pattern was seen in six and parenchymal hemorrhage in one. Nonthrombotic dural sinus opacification is a sign of increased blood viscosity in patients with congenital heart disease, hemoconcentration states, polycythemia of the newborn, and polycythemia rubra vera. These patients are at high risk for hypoxemic cerebral insult, which can be detected by cranial computed tomography. PMID- 6797280 TI - Cisternal enhancement after subarachnoid hemorrhage. AB - Abnormal computed tomographic enhancement in the basal cisterns and cortical sulci was observed in 21 of 42 patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. The appearance is similar to that described in granulomatous infection and metastatic disease. The enhancement was associated with an increased incidence of hydrocephalus, but it did not correlate with clinical grade, arterial spasm, location of bleed, or temporal relation to bleed. Presumably, abnormal cisternal enhancement is due initially to increased vascular permeability and later to increased vascularity associated with arachnoiditis. PMID- 6797281 TI - Intraventricular noncolloid neuroepithelial cysts. AB - Symptomatic intraventricular developmental cysts of neuroepithelial origin occurring in the lateral and fourth ventricles are extremely rare. We report the clinical, radiologic, and computed tomographic (CT) findings in three such cases, two occurring in the lateral ventricles and one in the fourth ventricle. Within lateral ventricles, these cysts are distinguished from colloid cysts by their large size, more posterior locations, and CSF-equivalent CT attenuation of their contents. Lack of contrast enhancement on CT and angiographic avascularity are also features. Fenestration in two cases and partial cyst excision in the third case relieved the predominant symptoms. The symptomatology and theories of histogenesis are reviewed and the differential diagnosis discussed. PMID- 6797282 TI - Intraparenchymal blood-fluid levels: new CT sign of arteriovenous malformation rupture. PMID- 6797283 TI - Intravasation of Pantopaque during myelography without associated traumatic tap. PMID- 6797284 TI - Cranial CT in fucosidosis. PMID- 6797285 TI - Computed tomography of the optic canals. PMID- 6797286 TI - Mechanisms of ventricular tachycardia: wide, complex ignorance. PMID- 6797287 TI - Nutrient-cost nomogram: an appropriate technology. AB - The nutrient-cost concept is important in food and nutrition planning and applied nutrition programs. There is a need to develop a simple and quick method of calculating nutrient-cost values. A nomogram, which provides a new technology, has been devised to do this. The use of the nomogram and its theoretical basis are described. PMID- 6797288 TI - Serial serum zinc levels in preterm infants during parenteral and enteral feedings. AB - Weekly serum zinc levels during the neonatal period have been obtained in 17 preterm infants randomly assigned to a prospective feeding study. Nine neonates received a standard regimen of naso-jejunal feedings (group I) and eight matched infants received total parenteral nutrition (group II) for the first 2 wk, followed by enteral intake for the last 2 wk of the study period. No patient received supplemental zinc intake. Base-line serum zinc levels obtained before beginning feedings at 2 days of age were in the normal range and not significantly different, 121 +/- 15 and 135 +/- 8 micrograms/dl in groups I and II, respectively (mean +/- SEM). Serial serum zinc levels decreased progressively in both groups during the 4-wk study period, reaching a low of 80 +/- 7 micrograms/dl in group I and 85 +/- 10 micrograms/dl in group II. The progressive decline in serum zinc levels is postulated to be indicative of tissue depletion of zinc. Our data suggest that preterm infants fed either by short-term total parenteral nutrition or by transpyloric enteral feedings are at risk for marginal zinc deficiency states. PMID- 6797289 TI - Effectiveness of milk products in dietary management of lactose malabsorption. AB - Eleven lactose malabsorbers were studied to compare the effectiveness of commercially available products recommended for dietary treatment of lactose malabsorption. One product, a commercial lactase preparation, is added to milk for lactose hydrolysis before consumption. The other is a commercial milk product containing lactose-hydrolyzing, nonpathogenic bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus. Both of these products are presently recommended for management of lactose malabsorption, although such recommendations have not been validated by controlled studies. Lactose malabsorption was determined by breath H2 analyses after subjects drank four different test doses on 4 different days. The first test dose was 480 ml of low fat milk; the second was 480 ml of milk treated with a commercial lactase preparation; the third was 480 ml of a commercial L. acidophilus-containing milk; and the fourth was 480 ml of the L. acidophilus containing milk after 1 wk of gastrointestinal exposure to this commercial bacteria-containing milk. The mean breath H2 response to the lactase-treated milk was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the mean response to regular milk. However, the mean breath H2 response to either of the test doses of the L. acidophilus-containing milk were not significantly different than responses to regular milk. It is concluded that the lactase-treated milk reduces breath H2 responses and symptomatic discomfort from malabsorption while the L. acidophilus containing milk does not. PMID- 6797290 TI - An immunological assessment of patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - Patients with most forms of protein-calorie malnutrition are typically more susceptible to infection. We studied the immunological consequences of a subgroup of malnourished subjects--nine patients with anorexia nervosa, who typically have a lower incidence of infection. The profiles of the patients with anorexia nervosa deviated from the reported typical profile of significantly depressed cell-mediated immunity in subjects with more common forms of protein-calorie malnutrition, demonstrating normal T-lymphocyte populations and unimpaired proliferative lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogenic stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. In fact, mitogen responsiveness was significantly elevated above that of controls, and with nutritional repletion, this enhanced responsiveness regressed toward control values. Since impaired cell mediated immunity has been consistently documented in other malnourished populations, and presumably contributes to their increased propensity toward infection, the maintenance of a relatively intact cell-mediated immune system may be an important factor separating the malnourished anorexia nervosa patient from other protein-calorie malnourished patients. PMID- 6797291 TI - Measurement of iron absorption from meals contaminated with iron. AB - A method is described to measure in vitro the extent of isotopic exchange between the native nonheme food iron and added inorganic reduction to radioiron tracer. The food is digested with pepsin and trypsin in the presence of radioiron. The exchangeability of food iron is calculated from the specific activity in the food and in an extract of bathophenantroline in isoamyl alcohol obtained after digesting this food. The precision and accuracy of the method is illustrated by two kinds of studies, those in which different amounts of contamination iron are added to a meal and those evaluating contamination iron in natural meals. The present method will make it possible to measure validly iron absorption from meals contaminated with unknown amounts of iron of unknown exchangeability with the extrinsic radioiron tracer. PMID- 6797292 TI - Nodular mixed cell lymphoma with monoclonal gammopathy. AB - Malignant lymphomas are rarely accompanied by a serum M component. Such neoplasms are usually of lymphocytic cell type and, with extremely rare exceptions, of diffuse pattern. A patient with an unusual malignant lymphoma of mixed cell type characterized by follicular structures and vascular proliferation was found to have a serum monoclonal gammopathy (IgM kappa) of over 4 g/dl. Remission accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the M protein was achieved with Chlorambucil. Subsequent relapse was characterized by the emergence of a large cell lymphoma with IgM kappa surface immunoglobulin. No concomitant rise in the serum M component accompanied relapse. PMID- 6797293 TI - Nonsurgical removal of severed central venous line in an infant. PMID- 6797294 TI - The epidemiology of tracheobronchitis in pediatric practice. AB - Epidemiologic characteristics of childhood tracheobronchitis occurring over a 104 month period in Chapel Hill, NC, were ascertained and compared to those of other pediatric lower respiratory illness (LRI) syndromes. Tracheobronchitis accounted for 40% of all LRI seen at the community's only pediatric practice. Tracheobronchitis incidence was highest during the first two years of life, through the ratio of tracheobronchitis incidence to total LRI incidence increased with age. A viral pathogen or Mycoplasma pneumoniae was isolated from 23% of tracheobronchitis cases; the agents most commonly isolated were parainfluenza viruses, influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, and M. pneumoniae. Influenza virus, particularly type B, was isolated more commonly in tracheobronchitis than in other LRI syndromes. Over all age groups, peak incidence of tracheobronchitis, like that of pneumonia and bronchiolitis, occurred during the winter months. In school-age children, however, tracheobronchitis incidence was more likely than that of other syndromes to be elevated in late winter or early spring, when several influenza B outbreaks occurred in Chapel Hill. Available evidence suggests that risk of chronic respiratory disease is related inversely to age at which acute respiratory infection first occurs, and that a component of wheezing may not be required to confer such risk. These considerations, coupled with the high incidence of tracheobronchitis early in life, warrant further description of this syndrome and assessment of its implications. PMID- 6797295 TI - Serologic studies in a family with heterozygous C2 deficiency. AB - Twelve family members of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and heterozygous deficiency of the second component of complement (C2) were studied. Histocompatibility (HLA) typing was determined for A, B, and DR and MB antigens. Serum samples were tested for a variety of antinuclear antibodies (ANA), lymphocytotoxic antibodies and rheumatoid factors, and C2 levels were determined by hemolytic titration. Inheritance of C2D, the gene coding for C2, was limited to the haplotype HLA-A25, B18, DR2. Low but significant titers of ANA, rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) and/or rheumatoid factors were found in eight of the nine adult family members without association with HLA haplotype. The sister of the proband had persistently strongly positive LE cell preparations for more than a decade and had joint pains while taking sulfa drugs. The son of the proband had leukemia. All other family members were healthy. We conclude that the increased incidence of rheumatic disease in persons with C2D deficiency is multifactorial and requires environmental factors or other hereditary factors unrelated to the HLA-A25, B18, DR2 haplotype. The C2D gene is clearly not associated with positive ANA tests or immunoprecipitins to RANA. PMID- 6797296 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone suppressed gastric acid output in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 6797297 TI - The clinical aspects of biclonal gammopathies. Review of 57 cases. AB - Between 1966 and 1979, biclonal gammopathy was recognized in 57 patients. Clinical and laboratory features differentiated three groups: biclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, 37 cases (65 percent); multiple myeloma, nine cases (16 percent); and lymphoproliferative disease--including lymphoma, macroglobulinemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and unclassified lymphoproliferative disorders--11 cases (19 percent). With biclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, symptomatic multiple myeloma developed after two years in one patient; the others remained stable. One patient with multiple myeloma had osteosclerotic myeloma and a severe sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy, and another presented with plasma cell leukemia. In the remainder response to therapy and survival were much the same as in patients with multiple myeloma with a monoclonal protein. Patients with lymphoproliferative disease responded to chemotherapy like that for monoclonal gammopathy. Of the 57 patients, 30 (53 percent) had IgG and IgA components, 15 (26 percent) had IgG and IgM, six had two IgG components, three had IgA and IgM, one had IgA proteins, one had IgA and IgE and 1 had triclonal gammopathy. Of the 115 light chains, 70 percent were kappa; the chains were both kappa and lambda in 63 percent of biclonal pairs. In many cases, serum electrophoresis produced only a single band on the acetate strip, and the biclonal gammopathy was not recognized until immunoelectrophoresis was done. Although the clinical features of biclonal gammopathy and its response to therapy are similar to those of monoclonal gammopathy, this subject is of importance because of the lack of clinical data in the literature. PMID- 6797298 TI - Nocturnal gastric acid secretion in duodenal ulcer: inhibition by cimetidine. AB - The inhibitory effect of cimetidine 200 mg, cimetidine 400 mg, cimetidine 200 mg + oxyphenonium bromide 10 mg and placebo was studied on nocturnal gastric acid secretion in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer. Each patient was studied over a period of four nights and trial medication was given in a randomized sequence. Cimetidine in both doses significantly inhibited the nocturnal gastric acid secretion. The drug reduced both the H+ concentration and gastric juice volume but the reduction of H+ concentration was more impressive. Mean percentage inhibition of nocturnal acid output with cimetidine 400 mg (89.6 +/- 2.868) was significantly higher than cimetidine 200 mg (80.3 +/- 4.085; p less than 0.01). Combination of cimetidine 200 mg and oxyphenonium bromide 10 mg was significantly better than cimetidine 200 mg alone (p less than 0.05) and this combination produced inhibition of gastric juice volume, H+ concentration and acid output comparable to cimetidine 400 mg. PMID- 6797299 TI - Functional capacity of the gonadotrophs during pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - The nature of secretion of gonadotropin during pregnancy and the puerperium was determined by measuring plasma levels of beta-subunit luteinizing hormone (GnRH) during the first, second, third trimesters of pregnancy, and at 10 days post partum in lactating and nonlactating women. The nonlactating subjects were divided into two groups according to whether hormonal suppression of lactation was used. Baseline and response levels of beta-LH and FSH after GnRH were below the limits of assay sensitivity (less than 0.5 ng/ml and less than 1.5 mlU/ml, respectively) in all pregnant subjects. In contrast, postpartum lactating and nonlactating subjects who received no hormonal treatment for suppression of lactation had a small but significant increase in FSH after GnRH. In lactating women, FSH increased from 1.5 +/- 0.3 mlU/ml to 2.7 +/- 0.3 mlU/ml (p less than 0.05); and in nonlactating subjects, FSH increased from undetectable levels to 2.0 +/- 0.4 mlU/ml (p less than 0.001). Patients who received estrogenic compounds for suppression of lactation had undetectable FSH baselines and no response after GnRH. beta-LH in both lactating and nonlactating women had a variable but not a significant response to one administration of GnRH. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the functional capacity of the gonadotrophs recovered earlier (at 10 days) than previously reported (less than 14 days) after term pregnancy, and the recovery of FSH secretion occurs earlier and is more consistent than the recovery of beta-LH. PMID- 6797300 TI - Transfer of urea, sodium, and chloride across the perfused human placenta. AB - Clearance indices (clearance of experimental material: clearance of antipyrine, CI) across the perfused human placenta were determined for urea, sodium, and chloride. The selected materials are of relatively small molecular weight and are water soluble. Clearance of urea was determined under conditions of net transfer and of exchange and no difference was detected. Sodium and chloride clearances were measured as exchange rates. The CI were: urea, 0.32 and 0.38 toward fetus and mother, respectively); sodium, 0.28; and chloride, 0.41 (measured toward the fetus). Recalculation of data as the diffusion limitation (LD) facilitated comparison with data in the literature on the monkey, rabbit, and sheep. LD for urea was comparable among the four species whereas the sheep placenta differed, sharply limiting the diffusion of sodium and chloride. The discrepancy in the sheep between urea and sodium indicates that the low transfer rate of the latter cannot be explained by the "thickness" of the syndesmochorial placenta, as is often stated. Inferences concerning nitrogen metabolism in the fetus have been derived by others from data on transplacental urea gradients and urea clearance. Available data in the human are incomplete but are consistent with amino acids providing approximately 10% of fetal energy needs, with glucose serving as the predominant substrate. PMID- 6797301 TI - Danazol: endocrine consequences in healthy women. AB - We studied the effects of danazol on pituitary and gonadal function in seven normal women who volunteered to take danazol, 400 mg twice daily, for 2 months. We measured circulating levels of sex steroids, gonadotropins, and prolactin on alternate days throughout a control menstrual cycle and during treatment. Danazol inhibited ovulation in all subjects. The amenorrheic state induced by danazol was characterized by normal basal levels of gonadotropins, prolactin, and estrogen. Serum androgen levels were significantly increased as was the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids. The LH and FSH responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone were enhanced during treatment, and there was a normal LH rise following administration of estradiol valerate, indicative of intact positive feedback. These observations fail to support the contention that danazol suppresses pituitary gonadotropin secretion or directly inhibits steroidogenesis. The results suggest that danazol may have a primary site of action at the ovary by suppressing the normal, orderly process of follicular maturation. PMID- 6797302 TI - Effect of acute hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis on the fetal heart rate in monkeys. AB - The fetal heart rate (FHR) response to acute nonacidemic hypoxemia and to acute respiratory acidosis was studied in unanesthetized pregnant monkeys by means of chronically implanted catheters and electrodes. Average FHR and short- and long term FHR variability were analyzed separately. The FHR response to either hypoxemia or hypercapnia consisted of slowing and increased variability. The slowing was more consistent with hypercapnia than with hypoxemia. Long-term FHR variability increased with both test stresses. The increase in short-term FHR variability was much greater in response to hypoxemia than to hypercapnia. Both the FHR slowing and the increases in variability in response to the test stresses were reduced by prior administration of atropine to the fetus. PMID- 6797303 TI - Carbon dioxide laser management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. AB - In this report we describe the use of the carbon dioxide laser for the outpatient management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). A comparison of treatment effectiveness for different grades of CIN is also included. Two hundred fifty-six cases were evaluated by colposcopy, cytology, and histopathology, treated by at least 5 to 6 mm of laser vaporization, and followed up for an average of 10.7 months. Follow-up examinations included cytology, colposcopy, and directed biopsy if a suspicious lesion was discovered. During the follow-up, 18 cases of persistent CIN were identified (7.0%). Most of these were successfully managed with repeat laser treatment. Overall success of laser surgery for CIN, one or two applications, was 97.6%. Few complications were encountered. Laser surgery appears to offer acceptable treatment effectiveness, early identification of persistent disease, and easy retreatment when required. PMID- 6797304 TI - Carbon dioxide laser surgery in treatment of condyloma. AB - During the past few years there has been a marked increase in the occurrence of condyloma. A variety of treatment methods, including mental suggestion, local 5 fluorouracil, podophyllum, electrosurgery, and cryotherapy, has been used with varying success. An experience in 47 patients, some of whom were pregnant, treated with the carbon dioxide laser is presented. The possible relationship to malignancy and tracheobronchial papillomatosis in children is discussed. PMID- 6797305 TI - Actions of danazol in vivo on cytochrome P-450 and steroidogenic enzymes in rat testis and liver microsomal preparations. AB - The mechanism of action of danazol has not been established and the drug may act at multiple loci. Effects suggesting inhibition of pituitary gonadotropin release have been described while some in vitro studies have demonstrated competitive inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes. In addition, destruction of cytochrome P-450 by the acetylenic moiety of danazol is a possible mechanism. Following 14 days of danazol treatment (10 mg/kg/day), the specific content of rat testis microsomal cytochrome P-450 and the serum testosterone were decreased, in spite of no significant change in serum luteinizing hormone. Furthermore, simultaneous administration of human chorionic gonadotropin with danazol still resulted in a decrease in cytochrome. The activities of two testicular microsomal steroid converting enzymes (17 alpha-hydroxylase and 17,20-lyase) were not altered when based on cytochrome P-450 content but were markedly depressed when based on microsomal protein. In liver, danazol showed a similar but less marked dimunition of the cytochrome. Surprisingly, steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity in liver was significantly increased while other cytochrome P-450 dependent enzyme activities were not altered. PMID- 6797306 TI - 6-hydroxydopamine in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma. AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of subconjunctival injections of 6-hydroxydopamine in conjunction with epinephrine in lowering ocular tension in 63 eyes of 61 patients with open-angle glaucoma. A single injection caused a peak median reduction in ocular tension of 6 mm Hg four weeks after the injection. Ten eyes (16%) showed no significant decrease in ocular tension. A single injection significantly decreased the ocular tension for 12 weeks in 40 (63%) and for 20 weeks in 21 (33%) of the eyes. The fellow control eyes showed a slight but not significant decrease in ocular tension. PMID- 6797307 TI - NaCl transport in mouse medullary thick ascending limbs. III. Modulation of the ADH effect by peritubular osmolality. AB - We evaluated the effects of increasing bath osmolality on both the passive permeability properties and the ADH-dependent rates of net Cl- absorption in isolated mouse medullary thick ascending limbs of Henle (mTALH). Increases in both osmolality to 900 mosmol/kg H2O with 600 mM urea had no effect on either the electrical (PNa/PCl ratio, 1.7 and 1.9 with and without peritubular urea, respectively) or tracer (PNa, 0.21 and 0.22 micrometers . s-1 with and without peritubular urea, respectively) ionic permeability characteristics of the mTALH. However, this degree of urea bath hypertonicity reduced reversibly both JnetNaCl, the net rate of transepithelial NaCl absorption, and Ve, the spontaneous transepithelial voltage: JnetNaCl fell by 85% and Ve by 70%. Both of these latter effects could be accounted for quantitatively by an 85% reduction in tau NaCl, the rate of conservative transcellular NaCl transport. The inhibition of Ve by peritubular medium urea hypertonicity was not altered by supramaximal bath concentrations of ADH, supramaximal bath concentrations of cAMP analogues, or symmetrical addition of urea to perfusate and bath. Increases in peritubular medium mannitol concentrations also reduced Ve; the inhibition of Ve was not reversed by supramaximal bath concentrations of aDH. Cell volume remained unchanged with peritubular urea but was reduced by peritubular mannitol. These data indicate that in the mTALH increases in bath osmolality with nonelectrolytes inhibit tau NaCl noncompetitively with respect to ADH or cAMP and independently of cell volume. JnetCl was also reduced with increases in peritubular medium NaCl concentration and was associated with a reduction in cell volume. PMID- 6797308 TI - The injury rate in professional basketball. AB - The purpose of this study is to review seven years of medical experience with injuries to players of a professional basketball club. One of the authors was involved with all injuries occurring during this period of time. All 71 athletes participating with this club were evaluated, and their specific injuries were studied with regard to incidence, time loss due to injury, and treatment. Foot, ankle, knee, back, and hand injuries were found to occur most often. The most common as well as the most severe injuries were those of the ankle and knee. The average time loss from play due to injury was amazingly consistent for each specific injury. Rehabilitation of injuries varied from no playing time loss to two years. Even though knee injuries carry a poor prognosis, the authors conclude that the incidence of severe injury in professional basketball is low. This study will hopefully serve as useful information for those involved with the care of basketball players. PMID- 6797309 TI - An analysis of roller skating injuries. AB - This study retrospectively examines 186 patients treated for roller skating related injuries. The average patient age was 25.3 years, with males comprising 44% and females 56% of the patients. Of the 202 injuries, there were 130 fractures and 72 soft tissue injuries. The majority of the injuries involved the wrist (47%), while the elbow ranked second (14%) and the ankle third (10%). All fractures of the tibia-fibula and ankle involved a rotational mechanism, with 75% of ankle fractures involving the posterior malleolus. Ankle fractures accounted for 46% of all surgical cases. Although inexperienced skaters were involved in 77% of all accidents, experienced skaters' injuries required surgery twice as often. Female roller skaters were more frequently injured, but males had three times more operations. Over 90% of the skaters wore no protection. Skaters who seldom participated in other sports had a higher probability of being injured earlier, especially on their first try. This study indicates that roller skating injuries are influenced by skating experience, surface texture, skate type and quality, and protective equipment. PMID- 6797310 TI - Essential fatty acid deficiency in critically ill surgical patients. AB - Plasma fatty acid profiles of 33 critically ill surgical patients receiving fat free parenteral nutrition were examined at weekly intervals up to 28 days. While plasma total fatty acid concentration remained relatively constant and within the normal range, marked compositional alterations were apparent. Levels of linoleate (18:2 omega 6), the major essential fatty acid in man, fell below normal values (754 +/- 259 micrograms/ml) in 67 percent of patients within 1 week after cessation of oral intake. Decreases in other omega 6 unsaturated fatty acids, derived from linoleate, were also apparent. In contrast, gradual increases were observed in levels of endogenously synthesized fatty acids, palmitate (16:0), palmitoleate (16:1) and oleate (18:1 omega 9). A fatty acid unique to essential fatty acid deficiency, 5,8,11 eicosatrienoate (20:3 omega 9), appeared in 25 percent of the patients during the first week and in all patients by the third week of study. Considering the rapid appearance and progression of these biochemical changes, early initiation of linoleate supplementation appears justified to forestall the development of related clinical sequelae. PMID- 6797311 TI - Preoperative total parenteral nutrition and surgical outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Further trials are needed to identify the preoperative patient who will have a significantly improved postoperative outcome with the use of total parenteral nutrition. Better nutritional markers are needed to evaluate the response to total parenteral nutrition and to help identify the irreducible minimum that should be given. In our series, patients who received preoperative total parenteral nutrition for at least 5 days had significantly fewer postoperative complications (p less than 0.05) than those who did not. All patients with postoperative complications had either a preoperative serum albumin level less than 3.5 g/dl or a serum transferrin level less than 150 mg/dl. Preoperative total parenteral nutrition for at least 5 days is strongly recommended in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who have severe protein depletion. PMID- 6797312 TI - Presidential address. Health costs, competition and the physician. PMID- 6797313 TI - Acidification of arterial blood enhances gastric mucosal injury induced by bile salts in dogs. AB - The influence of intraarterial infusion of hydrochloric acid on gastric mucosal injury induced by topical bile salts was assessed in a canine ex vivo model. Exposure of the gastric mucosa to 5.0 mM sodium taurocholate in acid bathing solution alone resulted in a slight but not significant reduction in intramural pH of gastric mucosa and mild mucosal damage. When hydrochloric acid (0.1 N) was infused directly into the artery perfusing the stomach of the dogs, the intramural pH of gastric mucosa markedly decreased. The mucosal acidification was associated with severe ulcers in all test dogs that received intraarterial infusion of hydrochloric acid. The deleterious effect of intraarterial infusion of hydrochloric acid was not due to ischemia since the gastric blood flow remained relatively unchanged. The severe mucosal ulcerations were perhaps caused by the decrease in the ability of gastric blood to buffer the incoming luminal acid induced by topical bile salts. These results suggest that (1) the pH of arterial blood perfusing the stomach may also be an important determinant in the ability of the gastric mucosa to protect itself against acid injury, and (2) better management of systemic acid-base balance may contribute to a lower incidence of stress ulcers in critically ill patients. PMID- 6797314 TI - Phenobarbital, primidone and sodium valproate in the prophylaxis of febrile convulsions. AB - Of 196 children with febrile convulsions, 6.9 were placed on phenobarbital, 4-5 mg/kg/day b.i.d., and 32 on primidone, 15-20 mg/kg/day b.i.d. The remaining 95 children were given sodium valproate; the dosage was 20-25 mg/kg/day b.i.d. in 38 of them, 20-25 mg/kg/day t.i.d. in 24 of them, and 30 mg/kg/day b.i.d. in 33 patients. Recurrence rate of febrile convulsions during one year were not statistically different among these five groups. However, the dosage regimen of valproate of 20-25 mg/kg/day b.i.d. was relatively inferior to the other regimens of valproate in the prophylactic effect. This may be explained by the facts that when the same daily dosage of sodium valproate was given, the daily fluctuation of plasma levels was greater with the b.i.d.-regimen than with the t.i.d. regimen, and that when the dosage interval was the same, the minimum plasma level of the day was lower with the smaller daily dosage regimen than with the larger one. PMID- 6797315 TI - Is the anti-allergic activity of sodium cromoglycate confined to its effect on the mast cell? PMID- 6797316 TI - Variations of cationic proteins from eosinophil leukocytes in food intolerance and allergic rhinitis. AB - Challenge tests were performed in patients with food intolerance and allergic rhinitis to evaluate the usefulness of measurement of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) of serum to distinguish different allergic reactions. In one group of patients with food intolerance symptom-induced challenge resulted in a marked decrease of serum-ECP. The number of blood eosinophils decreased simultaneously in some but not all of these patients. In another group of patients with food intolerance serum-ECP displayed peak-like increases followed by a decrease. The decrease in serum-ECP may reflect that consumption of ECP is a result of idiosyncrasy in the target organ. In allergic rhinitis some patients showed an initial peak-like increase of serum-ECP, which was abolished by pretreatment with disodium-cromoglycate but not by pretreatment with antihistamine. Similar results have previously been demonstrated for allergic asthma. The difference obtained in serum-ECP upon challenge in typical reagin-mediated allergy and food intolerance may indicate that the latter is not reagin-mediated. However, the interpretation of data is difficult because of lack of knowledge regarding the turnover in the circulation of ECP. PMID- 6797317 TI - End-tidal carbon dioxide during thoracotomy. Its relation to blood level in adults and children. AB - The concentration of carbon dioxide in end-tidal gas was compared with the tension in arterial or superior vena caval blood during thoracotomy in twelve patients. In six adults requiring pulmonary resection, one-lung anaesthesia did not change the difference between the two measurements. In six children in whom a systemic to pulmonary arterial anastomosis was being created to improve pulmonary blood flow impaired by cyanotic congenital heart disease, occlusion of the pulmonary artery caused in increase in the blood-end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient. This change was particularly marked in two neonates and was of sufficient magnitude to render end-tidal monitoring unreliable in these circumstances. PMID- 6797318 TI - Spinal anaesthesia or general anaesthesia for emergency hip surgery in elderly patients. AB - One hundred and thirty-two elderly patients undergoing emergency hip surgery were randomly allocated to receive subarachnoid block (SAB) or general anaesthesia (GA). Using the 125.I fibrinogen uptake test, deep vein thrombosis was found to occur in 17 of 37 patients in the SAB group and 30 of 39 patients in the GA group (P 0.05). Blood loss was 513 ml (+/- SEM 44) in the SAB group and 714 ml (+/- SEM 67) in the GA group (P less than 0.01). Hypoxaemia was present preoperatively (mean PaO2 9.2 kPa). Immediately following general anaesthesia, the mean fall in PaO2 was 0.86 kPa compared with preoperative values but only 0.16 kPa following subarachnoid block (P less than 0.01). At 24 hours postoperatively the fall in PaO2 was similar in both groups and recovered only slowly during the first week. Twelve patients died, three in the SAB group and nine in the GA group. This difference in mortality was not statistically significant. PMID- 6797319 TI - Fluorimetric assays for avidin and biotin based on biotin-induced fluorescence enhancement of fluorescein-labeled avidin. PMID- 6797320 TI - A rapid method for the analysis of N tau-methylhistidine in human urine. PMID- 6797321 TI - Use of methyl green-DNA agarose for detecting deoxyribonuclease activity in polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6797322 TI - Filamentary rod-shaped granules in Clara cells of rats. AB - The bronchiolar Clara cells of rats contain characteristic rod-shaped granules always surrounded by a unit membrane. These granules contain thin filaments about 9 to 10 nm in diameter lying in a pale matrix. Our morphological results suggest that the filamentary rod-shaped granules originate from the common, round-to oval, electron-dense Clara cell granules, as we found different intermediate structures between these two kinds of granules. The electron-dense granules are digested by pepsin, whereas the filamentary rod-shaped granules are apparently not affected. The biochemical nature and the possible function of the filamentary rod-shaped granules are also discussed in relation to the secretory activity of the Clara cells. PMID- 6797323 TI - Endocrine evaluation in infertile men with varicocele. AB - Steroidal and gonadotropic secretion were studied in infertile men with varicocele. Hormonal values were compared with those from control groups. No significant difference was found between control and pathologic groups in relation to prolactin secretion. FSH and LH showed increased basal values in 16% and 8% these cases in the group studies. Exaggerated gonadotropic response to LH RH was observed in 33.3% of the patients. Basal testosterone and estradiol levels were found to be reduced in 18% and 30% of the cases, respectively. Testosterone response to LH-RH was also depressed in men with varicocele. Significant correlations were still observed between FSH and LH, LH and testosterone and testosterone and estradiol in infertile men with varicocele. These findings suggest both a tubular and interstitial involvement in varicocele and support the hypothesis of a Leydig cell deficiency in this pathology. PMID- 6797324 TI - Gonadotropins, prolactin, testosterone and estradiol in seminal plasma: effect of clomiphene treatment. AB - To elucidate the mechanism of clomiphene action in the treatment of male infertility, we studied the effect of three-month clomiphene treatment (50 mg daily) on the radioimmunoassayable concentrations of gonadotropins (FSH, LH), prolactin (PRL), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) in seminal plasma and peripheral serum in eleven normogonadotropic subfertile men. Clomiphene therapy increased (p less than 0.01) the levels of FSH and LH in seminal plasma, but to a lesser extent (p less than 0.01) than in peripheral serum. PRL did not change is seminal plasma or peripheral serum. The seminal plasma and peripheral serum T concentrations doubled following clomiphene intake without any demonstrable correlation with the sperm count. The concentrations of E2 increased about ten times (p less than 0.005) in seminal plasma, a significantly greater (p less than 0.05) increase than that in the serum. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.804, p less than 0.01) between the sperm counts and seminal plasma E2 levels following clomiphene treatment. These results suggest that Sertoli cell activation may be a key event in clomiphene action in the treatment of male infertility. PMID- 6797325 TI - Effects of enflurane on release of insulin by pancreatic islets in vitro. AB - The effects of enflurane upon rate of insulin release from rat pancreatic islets were determined in vitro. A dose-related inhibitory effect of enflurane on glucose-stimulated insulin release was observed with almost complete inhibition being seen when the enflurane concentration in the gas phase was 3.21% (v/v), equivalent to 1.26 mM enflurane in the liquid phase. The onset on enflurane induced inhibition was rapid, being fully developed within 5 minutes of islet exposure to the agent while the effect was equally rapidly reversed on removal of enflurane from the medium. As glucose metabolism is known to be required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion to occur, rates of islet metabolism of [U 14C] glucose to 14CO2 were examined but these were unaffected by concentrations of enflurane up to 2.21 mM. To investigate further the metabolic integrity of islets, rates of islet incorporation of L-[4,5-3H] leucine were determined; these too were not significantly altered by concentrations of enflurane up to 1.26 mM. It is concluded that enflurane in the concentration range used clinically leads to a rapid, reversible inhibition of rat pancreatic islet insulin release, which is not attributable to interference with islet glucose metabolism or protein biosynthesis. PMID- 6797326 TI - Prevention of fire hazards associated with use of carbon dioxide lasers. AB - In vitro experiments were performed to test the flammability of endotracheal tubes in the presence of CO2 laser beams Two types of tubes (Rusch and Portex) were exposed to laser beams at 15 or 30 W intensity for varying periods of time oxygen environments of 25% or 60%. Red rubber Rusch tubes were significantly (p less than 0.01) more resistant to ignition than plastic Portex tubes at both higher energy exposures and greater durations of exposure. Aluminum tape wrapping significantly (p less than 0.01) retarded ignition of both types of tubes. In view of this, a clinical protocol was developed using aluminum tape-wrapped red rubber tubes in 98 patients for 189 procedures requiring the use of a laser. In no case was ignition encountered. PMID- 6797327 TI - Calculation and correction of blood-gas and acid-base variables with a versatile computer program. PMID- 6797328 TI - Successful resuscitation following massive bupivacaine overdose. PMID- 6797329 TI - Enflurane seizures in patients taking amitriptyline. PMID- 6797330 TI - A fresh look at an old question. PMID- 6797331 TI - Temperature correction of PCO2 and pH in estimating acid-base status: an example of the emperor's new clothes? PMID- 6797332 TI - [Inhabitual sites for Neisseria and Branhamella]. AB - The authors bring together a bibliographical study and their own personal results concerning inhabitual sites for Neisseria and Branhamella. Among various species, gonococci (N. gonorrhoeae) and meningococci (N. meningitidis) may either be manifest pathogenic agents or exist in asymptomatic carrier states and they are found in normal microflora. Other species of Neisseria and Branhamella may be opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated in diverse infections. The utility of complete bacteriological diagnosis is emphasized for all of these cases. PMID- 6797333 TI - [Routine determination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to antibiotics by a disk diffusion method (author's transl)]. AB - The susceptibility of 137 isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to eleven antibiotics has been determined by a disk diffusion method. For nine antibiotics (penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, minocycline, erythromycin and chloramphenicol) the results were found to be similar to those of fast growing aerobic bacteria antibiogram procedures. The correlation between diameter of inhibition measured with chocolate agar 1 p. cent polyvitex BioMerieux and minimum inhibitory concentrations determined by an agar dilution procedure with GC medium 1 p. cent haemoglobin, 1 p. cent supplement B Difco was good : coefficients ranging from r = 0,78 for penicillin G to r = 0,60 for minocycline. Less satisfactory results were found if chocolate agar 1 p. cent polyvitex was substituted by Gono-Meningo medium IPP. The technique described could be used for clinical purposes and epidemiologic survey. PMID- 6797334 TI - Serologic changes in pneumoconiosis and progressive massive fibrosis of coal workers. AB - Serum from 109 coal workers with simple pneumoconiosis, 114 with progressive massive fibrosis, and 130 with normal chest radiographics as control subjects was examined for rheumatoid and antinuclear factors, and antibodies against both native human IgG and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A significantly greater prevalence of autoantibodies was observed in subjects with pneumoconiosis than in control subjects; however, a rheumatoid factor prevalence of 16% with observed inthe control subjects. No serologic differences were observed between subjects with simple pneumoconiosis and those with progressive massive fibrosis. PMID- 6797335 TI - [HLA system and collagen diseases (author's transl)]. AB - Association of histocompatibility antigen (HLA antigens) with collagen diseases is not a casual event. Even known data, the practical conclusions have a limited usefullness because there is not a definitive correspondence between HLA antigens and rheumatic diseases. With HLA typing is possible to determine risk populations. The pauciarticular type II of juvenile reumatoid arthritis (J.R.A) is associated with HLA-B27 in the 75% of cases. Also, this antigen is associated with ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's disease, Behcet disease, psoriasic arthritis, reactive arthritis (yersinia, shigella, salmonella). Systemic lupus erythematosus has been described associated with HLA-B8 and HLA-DRw2. PMID- 6797336 TI - [The problem of cancerizable lesions of the esophagus]. PMID- 6797337 TI - [Clinical description of primary amenorrhea]. PMID- 6797339 TI - Endolymphatic duct obstruction from a jugular bulb diverticulum. PMID- 6797338 TI - [Clinical study on the effects of a "long acting" analog of LH (D-leu6, des-gly10 ethylamide) administered to patients with diseases of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Diagnostic and therapeutic prospects in female hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism]. PMID- 6797340 TI - Neurofibromas of the breast and nipple-areolar area. AB - Neurofibromas are common tumors that arise from elements in the peripheral nervous system. The vast majority occur in the trunk and are usually limited to the head and neck area. We present two cases involving the skin of the breast and nipple-areolar complex and the method of treatment. PMID- 6797341 TI - Alteration in plasma amino acid concentrations following subtotal hepatectomy in dogs. AB - Plasma amino acid concentrations were serially estimated after 82.5% resection of the liver in dogs. Slight to moderate decreases were found in valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine and methionine concentrations for the first 12 hours. The first three branched chain amino acids thereafter increased up to 180%. Between 24 and 72 hours, threonine and methionine increased markedly in four surviving dogs but not in two which died in hepatic coma. Significant increases were found in phenylalanine and lysine concentrations but there was no substantial change in tryptophan levels throughout the experiment. Among the non essential amino acids, the most striking increase was seen in tyrosine and serine concentrations with their peak at 48 to 72 hours. Arginine and aspartate transiently decreased within 12 hours but most of other amino acids increased more or less during the observation. Although the molar ratios of the branched chain to the aromatic amino acids dropped dramatically, it was difficult to draw definitive remarks on the relationship between the molar ratio and the grade of hepatic coma in each animal. A further study is necessary to determine whether the correction of plasma amino acid alterations is beneficial or not following critical liver resection. PMID- 6797342 TI - Effect of vascular reconstructions on tissue gas tensions in calf muscles of patients with occlusive arterial disease. AB - Oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions were measured pre- and postoperatively in the gastrocnemius muscles of 6 patients undergoing an aorto- femoral reconstruction due to occlusive arterial disease. Four volunteer patients showing no signs of arterial ischaemia formed the control group. Continuous recordings of tissue gas tensions were carried out by means of an implanted Silastic tonometer during rest and heel lifting exercise. The preoperative measurements were performed a few days to a few weeks prior to surgery and the postoperative determinations 3-6 months after operation. In preoperative measurements of patients with limb ischaemia calf muscle PO2 levels during rest were only slightly lower than in controls, while no differences were detected in the corresponding PCO2 values between the two groups. Arterial surgery elevated the levels of basal tissue PO2 measured at rest. During and immediately after a preoperative exercise test of patients with arterial occlusive disease the muscle PO2 decreased sharply and the PCO2 increased. When the heel lifting exercise test was repeated postoperatively in these patients the calf muscle PO2 and PCO2 underwent no essential changes from the pre-exercise levels. In control patients calf muscle gas tensions showed a totally different behaviour during and immediately after exercise: both PO2 and PCO2 increased moderately. During rest following the exercise test tissue gas tensions resumed their original levels within a few minutes in both patient groups. When the heel lifting exercise was repeated after 20-30 minutes, analogous changes of tissue gas tensions were observed. To summarize, the present data show that pre- and postoperative recordings of calf muscle PO2 and PCO2 combined with an exercise test provide an accurate means of evaluating the change of tissue perfusion and nurtrition after an arterial reconstruction. PMID- 6797343 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - The incidence of hyperprolactinaemia in 91 consecutively examined patients with polycystic ovary syndrome was found to be 13% thus considerably lower than previously reported. Galactorrhoea and radiological abnormalities of the sella turcica were observed frequently in patients with elevated serum prolactin levels, whereas the number of women attaining regular periods after ovarian wedge resection was significantly smaller than in the normoprolactinaemic women. The serum levels of LH, FSH, oestradiol and testosterone measured in the hyperprolactinaemic patients showed no major differences from those of the normoprolactinaemic patients. PMID- 6797344 TI - The variations in thyroid function tests compatible with clinical euthyroidism after medical and surgical treatment for Graves' disease. AB - Eight widely used tests of thyroid function (clinical and biochemical) were performed simultaneously on 46 thyrotoxicosis patients who were clinically well at a standardised interval after medical or surgical treatment. The aim was to establish the range of thyroid function compatible with clinical normality. While clinical scoring systems gave broadly similar results between surgically and medically-treated patients, thyroid biochemistry showed major differences. Thus while 87% of medically-treated and 74% of surgically-treated patients were classified clinically euthyroid by the clinical indices devised by Crooks and Billewicz, the TRH test was exaggerated in 77% of the latter group but in only 13% of the former. On the other hand, half of the 26% of surgical patients with a clinical index suggesting hyperthyroidism had normal thyroid hormone levels and exaggerated TRH tests. No patient was categorised as clinically hypothyroid despite basal TSH levels as high as 21 mU/L (N : less than 5 mU/L) and T4 levels as low as 42 nmol/L (N: 70.150 nmol/L). Substitution of FT4 index for total T4 did not significantly alter the classification or ranking of patients in either treatment group. The early (20-minute) 132I uptake was normal in all but one case. We conclude that abnormal laboratory tests of thyroid function are found frequently after treatment in thyrotoxicosis patients with few or no clinical features of thyroid disturbance. PMID- 6797345 TI - Research on molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). Use of new protein mapping and immunological techniques. AB - McArdle's disease is due to the lack of activity of muscle glycogen phosphorylase. We investigated the presence of an inactive protein by two techniques: (a) Bidimensional protein maps, using a modification of the original O'Farrell technique allowing location of phosphorylase. (b) Purification of enzyme from crude muscle extracts, using an immunoaffinity microchromatographic procedure. Protein maps of three patients were obtained. No protein was detected at the normal (97 K) position of phosphorylase but 70 and 60 K spots were visible. Results of enzyme purificaton by immunoaffinity were negative for one patient, whereas a small band of phosphorylase-like material was detected in the other. Our results confirm the molecular heterogeneity of the disease. We think such methods might be useful for investigating other genetic diseases. PMID- 6797346 TI - The Gm--Pi linkage heterogeneity in view of Pi M subtypes. AB - In this study linkage between the loci for Gm (gamma-type heavy-chain immunoglobulin markers) and Pi (alpha 1-antitrypsin/alpha 1-protease inhibitor) has been shown in families segregating for the Pi M subtypes (M1, M2, M3 and Msal) as identified by separator isoelectric focusing . The estimate for the Gm- Pi (M type) recombination is 0.29 (95% limits 0.24--0.37) at a peak lod score of 4.31 and with no sex difference. This value is not significantly different from updated recombination frequency estimates for Gm--Pi in Pi MS (0.26) and Pi MZ, SZ and FZ families (0.21). The overall Gm--Pi recombination fraction estimate of 0.26 (95% limits 0.23--0.30) at a peak lod score of 20.75 must now be considered as solid. There is a significant heterogeneity within the male Pi MZ families in that the new Finnish families show a higher recombination between Gm and Pi. There is also a possible segregation distortion (Z:M = 23:8). The heterogeneity is discussed in terms of haplotypes, the behaviour of which could be determined by linked genes or chromosomal rearrangements. The possibility that the alpha 1 antitrypsin level influences recombination frequency has not been ruled out, but cannot explain the heterogeneity within Pi MZ families. PMID- 6797347 TI - Epilepsia partialis continua following metrizamide cisternography. PMID- 6797348 TI - Influence of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and related metabolites on the biosynthesis of aflatoxin by resting cells of Aspergillus flavus. AB - Resting cells of Aspergillus flavus synthesized aflatoxin from acetate as the sole carbon source after 36 h of incubation. Addition of pyruvate (5.5 mg/m) as cosubstrate to [1-14C]acetate and unlabeled acetate considerably reduced toxin production but increased the radioactivity on the tricarboxylic acid intermediates. This suggests that high tricarboxylic acid activity drastically affected toxin synthesis. PMID- 6797349 TI - Effect of defined lipopolysaccharide core defects on resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to freezing and thawing and other stresses. AB - A family of mutants of Salmonella typhimurium with altered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core chain lengths were assessed for sensitivity to freeze-thaw and other stresses. Deep rough strains with decreased chain length in the LPS core were more susceptible to novobiocin, polymyxin B, bacitracin, and sodium lauryl sulfate during growth, to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium lauryl sulfate in resting suspension, and to slow and rapid freeze-thaw in water and saline, and these strains exhibited more outer membrane damage than the wild type or less rough strains. Variations in the LPS chain length did not dramatically affect the sensitivity of the strains to tetracycline, neomycin, or NaCl in growth conditions or the degree of freeze-thaw-induced cytoplasmic membrane damage. The deeper rough isogenic strains incorporated larger quantities of less stable LPS and less protein into the outer membrane than did the wild type or less rough mutants, indicating that the mutations affected outer membrane synthesis or organization or both. Nikaido's model of the role of LPS and protein in determining the resistance of gram-negative bacteria to low-molecular-weight hydrophobic antibiotics is discussed in relation to the stress of freeze-thaw. PMID- 6797350 TI - Immunodiffusion method for detection of type A Clostridium botulinum. AB - A simple gel immunodiffusion agar procedure was developed for detecting toxigenic strains of Clostridium botulinum type A. The method consisted of overlaying colonies grown on thin-layer tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract agar with gel diffusion agar containing desired levels of C. botulinum type A antitoxin. Concentric precipitin zones formed around colonies of C. botulinum type A. Strains of C. botulinum type A were detected by this procedure. However, C. botulinum type B reacted to a lesser degree with this system. No reaction was noted with types E, F, Langeland, F8G, Clostridium perfringens, or with strains of nontoxigenic Clostridium sporogenes. Thickness of the plating medium, incubation time and temperature, environmental growth conditions, and levels of both agar an antitoxin were important factors affecting the efficiency of the procedure, whereas the age of the culture (used as inoculum) was not critical. Thin agar medium (5 ml per plate [15 by 100 mm]) containing 1.5% agar gave consistent results, but more agar limited diffusion, and lower levels encouraged spreaders. The optimal concentration of antitoxin incorporated in to the gel diffusion agar overlay was 1.2 IU/ml gel diffusion agar. Rabbit type A antitoxin prepared with purer immunizing agent gave similar reactions. The addition of type A antitoxin in tryptone-peptone-glucose-yeast extract agar medium before inoculation with type A C. botulinum showed promising results. PMID- 6797351 TI - Mutants of Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 that produce toxin in medium with excess iron. AB - Two mutants that produce toxin in medium with excess iron were isolated from the PW8 strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. These mutants produced as much toxin in medium containing excess iron (3 mug of Fe2+ per ml) as did the parent PW8 strain in iron-depleted medium, and they will be very useful for easy production of toxin. PMID- 6797354 TI - Induction of acrosomal reaction in sperm with ionophore A23187 and calcium. AB - The acrosome reaction was induced in ram, rabbit, and human sperm by incubating with the ionophore A23187 plus calcium ions, although the percentage of reacted sperm was different for each species: 90% in ram, 38% in rabbit, and 69% in man. Fusion of the outer acrosomal and plasma membranes of ram and rabbit sperm formed vesicles, but in human sperm only the outer acrosomal membrane was involved in vesiculation. Acrosin was lost from ram, rabbit, and human sperm after treatment with ionophore plus calcium. Ionophore alone induced the reaction in only 35% of ram sperm, 20% of human sperm, and 12% of rabbit sperm. On exposure to A23187 alone, the acrosome of unreacted rabbit sperm bulged and the acrosome and nuclear membrane of human sperm were often lifted away from the nucleus. The percentage of mammalian sperm undergoing the acrosome reaction in the presence of calcium alone, was very low. PMID- 6797352 TI - Bacterial spore components which enhance the bacteriostatic effectiveness of S nitrosothiol. AB - Spore components exuded into the medium during outgrowth of Bacillus cereus T enhanced the bacteriostatic effectiveness of S-nitrosomercaptoethanol, an inhibitor which prevents outgrowth at low concentrations and germination at higher concentrations. The enhancement effect was slight with respect to outgrowth, but dramatic with respect to germination, in that the inhibitory effectiveness of nitrosothiols toward germination inhibition was enhanced by as much as 33-fold when nitrosothiols was in the presence of the exuded spore component. Exudate activity was freely dialyzable and was not measurably affected by a broad-spectrum protease (proteinase K), by autoclaving at 121 degrees C, or by freezing and thawing. Sephadex G-25 chromatography of the exudate indicated that two active species were present, a major component with a molecular weight of less than 1,000 and a minor component with a molecular weight of more than 5,000. PMID- 6797353 TI - Role of polychlorinated dibenzofuran in yusho (PCB poisoning). AB - In the blood of 15 patients with yusho or "polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning" that occurred in 1979 in Taiwan, was found polychlorinated dibenzofurans (14 of 15) and polychlorinated quaterphenyls (15 of 15), as well as polychlorinated biphenyls (15 of 15). The mean concentration ratio of these substances was approximately 1 : 160 : 500. Based on the following evidence, we propose that polychlorinated quaterphenyls were major pathogenic substances in the development of yusho: (1) Clinical manifestations and course of yusho patients are disproportionately severe and persistent for the observed blood levels of polychlorinated biphenyls, while patients who were occupationally exposed to pure polychlorinated biphenyls take characteristically mild and benign clinical course despite polychlorinated biphenyl levels often much higher than those noted in yusho patients; (2) Polychlorinated debenzofurans show a marked tendency to accumulate in the liver, which might explain frequent presence of jaundice and other abdominal symptoms in yusho, which are, again, not observed in those with occupational polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning; (3) Toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzofurans is a hundred to ten thousand times greater than that of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated quaterphenyls in animal experiments. PMID- 6797355 TI - FSH, LH, E2, and T in semen and serum in patients with idiopathic oligozoospermia. PMID- 6797356 TI - Effect of antigonadotropic sera on in vitro testicular metabolism of 3H testosterone in immature rats. AB - Male rats were daily injected from the 5th day to the 21st day of life with purified rabbit anti-FSH serum, or anti-LH serum. After the last injection, they were killed and the testes incubated in vitro with 3H-testosterone. The radioactive metabolites were separated and identified by a double isotope dilution method. In rats treated with antigonadotropic sera, the total amount of 5 alpha-reduced metabolites was significantly decreased. The profile of the 5 alpha-reduced metabolites obtained in the anti-FSH treated group was different from those obtained in control and anti-LH treated groups. Antigonadotropic sera modify the in vitro metabolism of testosterone by the testicular tissue. PMID- 6797358 TI - [The species Ceratomyxa (Myxosporidae) in Serranidae (fishes, Teleosta)]. AB - The study of several species of Serranid fishes from tunisian and french Mediterranean coasts shows the presence of Myxosporidian spores belonging to the genus Ceratomyxa, in the gall bladder of their hosts. Now this genus makes serious damages in certain hatcheries, the use of some Serranid fishes in fish farming must be joined to great precautions. PMID- 6797359 TI - Antibiotic combination-associated nephrotoxicity in granulocytopenic patients with cancer. AB - Antibiotic combination-associated nephrotoxicity was reviewed in 491 granulocytopenic patients with cancer and fever. Nephrotoxicity was defined as a rise in the serum creatinine level of more than 0.4 mg/dL. The different aminoglycosides, when combined with ticarcillin disodium, were found to have an equivalent nephrotoxic potential and, for the purpose of analysis, were combined and termed "aminoglycoside plus ticarcillin" (Ags + ticarcillin). Groups treated with gentamicin or amikacin plus cephalothin sodium were combined and termed "aminoglycoside plus cephalothin" (Ags + cephalothin). The rate of nephrotoxicity was statistically less for the Ags + ticarcillin group, eight (3.1%) of 262 patients, than for the Ags + cephalothin group, 23 (18.3%) of 126 patients. Age greater than 50 years was a potentiating factor for the occurrence of nephrotoxicity in the Ags + cephalothin group. We have concluded that for granulocytopenic patients with cancer and fever, the antibiotic combination of the Ags + cephalothin should not be used as empiric antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6797357 TI - [Concern of the bacteriology laboratory in the diagnosis and surveillance of gonococcal and meningococcal infections]. AB - The usual laboratory of bacteriology has an essential role in isolation, bacteriological diagnostic and testing of resistance towards antibiotics of gonococcal infections. Searching of beta-Lactamase will be carried out when inhibition diameters around penicillinase C disks will be inferior to 18 mm. The specialized laboratory will bring along useful information through the study of epidemiologic markers: auxotyping, plasmid characterization (connection with african types (2.6 and 3.7 M-daltons) and with South-East Asia (2.6; 4.5 and 24.5 M-daltons) and eventually serotypings by using proteins from outer-membrane. A similar action will be taken by all laboratories of bacteriology: isolation, identification, susceptibility searching and serogrouping from meningococci isolated from rhinopharynx and from C.S.F. or from blood culture. Eight groups whose specificities are carried by capsular polysaccharides are actually described (A, B, C, X, Y, Z, 29E and W135). The electrosyneresis will be useful when bacteria will not be possible to isolate. Serotyping techniques whose importance is essential are still depending on specialized laboratory. PMID- 6797360 TI - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone test: an adverse reaction. AB - The side effects of intravenous (IV) administration of protirelin (thyrotrophin releasing hormone [TRH] are usually mild and transient. The loss of consciousness and apical heart tones occurred in two young patients after protirelin injection. The mechanism for the reactions in these patients is not known, but the absence of heart sounds in the presence of no palpable pulse and no obtainable blood pressure should now be included among the adverse effects that may occur after administration of protirelin IV. PMID- 6797361 TI - Lowering prolactin level in a hyperprolactinemic man: responses of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone. AB - A 25-year-old man with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and elevated prolactin levels, presumably from a microadenoma of the pituitary gland, was treated with bromocriptine mesylate. After three weeks, the prolactin level had fallen and the gonadotropin levels had shown a substantial rise, reaching supraphysiologic levels by eight weeks, eventually returning to normal by 15 weeks. The serum testosterone level did not rise until after three weeks and reached a maximum by 15 weeks. When the bromocriptine therapy was stopped for one week, all indexes returned to near pretreatment levels. Within two weeks of re-treatment with bromocriptine, the prolactin level had fallen and both testosterone and gonadotropin levels rose. These findings suggest that prolactin may block the secretion of luteinizing-releasing hormone, or may prevent the pituitary gland from responding to it. PMID- 6797362 TI - Mannitol intoxication in patients with renal failure. AB - Eight patients with severe mannitol intoxication were treated during the last ten years. These patients had CNS involvement out of proportion to uremia, severe hyponatremia, a large osmolality gap (high measured minus calculated serum osmolality), and fluid overload. Six patients were treated with hemodialysis and one patient received peritoneal dialysis. One patient died before any treatment could be started. Mannitol had a half-life of approximately 36 hours during the intervals without treatment. The ideal treatment is hemodialysis that rapidly removes mannitol (half-life, six hours) and replaces it with sodium; peritoneal dialysis removed mannitol slowly (half-life, 21 hours). PMID- 6797363 TI - [Clinical application of Ensure in surgical fields (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797364 TI - [Intranodal reentrant tachycardia]. PMID- 6797365 TI - [Genesis of auricular fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - Atrial fibrillation seems to be more common in the absence of associated cardiac disease in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) than in subjects of the same age without this condition. The aim of this study was to analyse the electrophysiological mechanism of AF and to establish its relationship to the accessory pathway. The series comprises 14 out of 51 patients with WPW undergoing classical endocavitary investigation associating the recording of cardiac potentials from the His bundle, right atrium (RA), left atrium (LA) via the coronary sinus and atrial and ventricular stimulation techniques. Three mechanisms of inducing AF were analysed : - AF triggered by RA stimulation : either by a premature extra stimulus or overdrive atrial pacing. In all cases, the accessory pathway was right sides. - AF triggered by overdrive ventricular pacing : three cases were left sided accessory pathways in which atrial desynchronisation was localised in the LA. - Conversion of reciprocating tachycardia to AF (9 cases). In 2 cases, this was preceded by a progressive acceleration of the heart rate. Of 3 left sided accessory pathways, the atrial desynchronisation was located in the LA in 2 cases. The factors which facilitate AF in THE WPW syndrome are discussed : increased atrial vulnerability, the role of the rapid return of ventricular excitation to the atria through the accessory pathway. Our observations suggest that the accessory pathway plays a role in the genesis of AF in the WPW syndrome. PMID- 6797367 TI - [Coronary angiography in the year following primary posterior myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6797368 TI - [Long-term course of patients with Smeloff-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis]. AB - The long-term results (5 to 12 years) of 77 patients with Smeloff-Cutter aortic valve prostheses are reported. These patients were comparable in age, preoperative clinical condition and type of aortic valve replacement. The postoperative follow-up period of this series was however significantly longer. The 5 year survival rate was of 87%. The causes of death included thromboembolism, infectious endocarditis and cardiac failure. Mortality was higher in the first 5 postoperative years : 2,4% patient-years compared to 1,5% patient-years in the following years. Thromboembolism and neurological complications were particularly rare, representing a risk of 1,04% patient-years but these complications were lethal in half the cases in which they occurred. No haemolytic complications were observed. Infective endocarditis always occurred in patients with a history of infection, the complication usually being late (after 3 years). The life expectancy of patients seen after 5 years is at least 5 additional years in 80% of cases. The haemodynamic profile of the prosthesis did not degrade with time. After 5 years, 58,6% of patients in functional Class IV at operation were in Class I or II afterwards. 84,4% of patients operated in functional Class III were in Class I or II, and 93% operated in functional Class II were in Class I or III. A control of 3 prostheses carried out by the Cutter laboratory after 10 and 11 years' function shows practically no deterioration of the prosthesis. The low incidence of thromboembolism, the absence of haemolysis and long-term deterioration of the prosthesis are particularly valuable characteristics of this prosthesis in the aortic position. PMID- 6797366 TI - ["Slowing" right bundle-branch block in reciprocating tachycardia from a latent right lateral Kent bundle]. AB - The authors report the case of a 56 year old man with paroxysmal reciprocating tachycardia. The participation of a right lateral Kent bundle, latent in sinus rhythm and with retrograde atrioventricular conduction during tachycardia was proved by : 1) the slowing of the tachycardia rhythm and lengthening of the ventriculo-atrial conduction time by 50 ms during right bundle branch block ; 2) atrial mapping during tachycardia showing right lateral atrial pre excitation ; 3) the spontaneous termination of some attacks after a blocked Hisian depolarisation. Analysis of the mechanisms of spontaneous termination of tachycardia showed a block in the accessory pathway in 80% of cases, leading to the successful use of Amiodarone. The particular electrophysiological mechanism of functional bundle branch block makes it the most reliable positive diagnostic criterion in reciprocating tachycardia. A review of previously reported series shows participation of right lateral and septal accessory pathways to be uncommon during reciprocating tachycardia. Functional bundle branch block does not necessarily lengthen the ventriculo-atrial interval with septal accessory pathways. Left lateral Kent bundles are much more common. These points are analysed together with the mechanism of functional bundle branch block in the discussion. PMID- 6797369 TI - [Blood uric acid and coronary disease. Direct role or statistical relation to lipid disorders]. PMID- 6797370 TI - [Effects of mexiletine in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome]. AB - The effects of intravenous mexiletine were studied by His bundle recordings and programmed stimulation in 7 patients aged from 20 to 40 years old (average age : 32 years), 5 of whom had an overt WPW syndrome (4 type A, and 1 type B), and 2 of whom had concealed pre excitation. All had reciprocating tachycardia. Electrophysiological investigation was performed under basal conditions, and then several times in the hour following intravenous mexiletine (3,5 mg/Kg in 5 minutes) followed by an infusion of 0,07 mg/Kg/min. The following results were obtained : 1. mexiletine did not cause any significant changes in the normal AV conduction pathway; 2. the refractory periods of the atria and ventricles were unaffected by the drug; 3. pre excitation regressed in 2 of the 5 patients with overt WPW. In a third patient, the effective anterograde refractory period of the accessory pathway increased by 210 ms. The retrograde refractory period of the accessory pathways increased in three patients and remained unchanged in the others; 4. there was little change in the ability to induce reciprocating tachycardia by stimulation. However, in two patients, the attacks were shortened, terminating spontaneously within a few seconds. This study shows the electrophysiological basis of the use of mexiletine in the WPW syndrome. Although the results do show some variability, they justify the use of mexiletine in patients with paroxysmal tachycardia in the WPW syndrome. PMID- 6797371 TI - [Clinical, hemodynamic, plethysmographic and biological effects of the oral converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14225), in the short and medium-team treatment of advanced congestive cardiac failure]. PMID- 6797372 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of lorcainide (R 15889) in man]. AB - The electrophysiological effects of lorcainide (R 15 899) were studied in 15 patients. Atrioventricular conduction was analysed by His bundle recording and cardiac refractory periods were determined by the extra stimulus method. The assessment of sino atrial function was performed by measuring sinus node recovery times and sino atrial conduction times. The electrophysiological data was recorded before and 10 minutes after a slow intravenous injection of 1,5 mg/Kg of lorcainide followed by a continuous infusion at 0,02 mg/Kg/min. The following results were obtained; 1) The HV interval increased in all cases (average : II ms) 2) The QRS and QT intervals were significantly prolonged 3) Lorcainide produced a slowing of conduction and an increase in the refractory periods at atrial level 4) AV nodal conduction was unaffected 5) The sinus rate slightly increased. There were no significant changes in sinus node recovery time or sino atrial conduction. It must be concluded that, in man, lorcainide produces electrophysiological effects of antiarrhythmic agents of the quinidine type. PMID- 6797373 TI - [Non-invasive methods in the monitoring of patients treated with adriamycin]. PMID- 6797374 TI - [Constrictive pericarditis secondary to myocardial infarction. Surgical care]. AB - The authors report the case of anteroseptal myocardial infarction, complicated by a late pericardial reaction (5th - 10th week), the development of an aneurysm, and, above all, refractory ascites (12th week) found to be secondary to constrictive pericarditis. Pericardectomy and partial resection of the aneurysm were performed. Constrictive pericarditis is rare after myocardial infarction and its relationship to a forme fruste of Dressler's syndrome remains uncertain. The pathogenesis of the constriction is unknown. This complication (only reported once previously) should be recognised because of the surgical management it implies. PMID- 6797375 TI - [Coronary-left ventricular fistulae]. AB - The authors report a case of fistulae between the right and left coronary arteries and the left ventricle. A 58 year old man was investigated for inaugural unstable angina without infarction. Coronary angiography showed multiple communications between the terminal branches of the septal arteries of the left anterior descending, the terminal segments of the left diagonal and the terminal portion of the right coronary artery and the apical region of the left ventricle. Angiography in the ascending aorta confirmed the diagnosis of coronary-left ventricular fistulae. The dilatation and rapid emptying of the entire coronary circulation were indirect signs of increased flow due to the shunt. There was no coronary alternation or stenosis. The rarity of coronaro-cardiac fistulae, especially involving both main coronary arteries and the left ventricle, is emphasised. The symptoms of angina are explained by the coronary "steal" syndrome : the diagnosis is angiographic; rare cases with high flow and a favourable anatomical set up may be managed surgically. PMID- 6797376 TI - [Decompensated valvular disease and coarctation. One-stage repair using a median approach with an ascending aorta-abdominal aorta shunt]. AB - The tactical decision in patients with decompensated valvular disease associated with a severe stenosis of the aortic isthmus is always difficult. One stage surgical repair using two separate approaches is a long and high risk procedure. It would seem more logical and safer to treat the lesions in two stages a few weeks apart, the severest lesion being managed first. In the two cases reported. The isthmic stenoses and valvular lesions were of the same severity and made both classical techniques impracticable. Therefore the patients underwent a single stage procedure by a median approach associating valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (mitral and tricuspid in one and aortic in the other case) and an ascending aorta-abdominal aorta dacron conduit. The present postoperative survival periods are 30 and 9 months. The functional result was good (Class 1 and 0) and postoperative angiography has shown the montage to be working satisfactorily. This technique is exceptional but may be useful in borderline cases with decompensated valvular disease and severe isthmic stenosis. PMID- 6797378 TI - [Enzymatic evaluation of the antiproteolytic activity of the blood]. PMID- 6797377 TI - beta-Lactamase activity and resistance to penicillins in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Several mutants and other variants of Myxococcus xanthus HP100 were obtained with differences in their sensitivity to carbenicillin and other penicillin derivatives. The specific activities of beta-lactamase in different resistant organisms varied from strain to strain but were consistently higher than in HP100. The relative molecular mass (Mr) of the enzyme in M. xanthus HP100 was found to be 22,300. In certain carbenicillin resistant strains a second fraction of beta-lactamase activity of molecular weight 186,000 presumed to be an octamer of the other form was present. The enzyme was found in cell free extracts and also in culture supernatants of all carbenicillin resistant mutants but not in culture supernatants of strain HP100. In all the carbenicillin resistant mutants a part of the intracellular enzyme activity was released by osmotic shock and this activity may be periplasmic. The forms of the enzyme present in the culture supernatants and released by osmotic shock were monomeric. Carbenicillin resistance was not transferable between strains by conjugation. One resistance allele inhibited the transfer of the R factor Sa between myxococci. PMID- 6797379 TI - [Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Clinical, radiological and biochemical studies in a neonatal case (author's transl)]. AB - Clinical, radiological and biochemical findings are described in a male newborn with type VII mucopolysaccharidosis (betaglucuronidase deficiency). A metabolic storage disease was likely at birth, because of morphological and radiological features and granulated cells in blood and bone marrow. A study of glycosaminoglycans has been performed in urine and various organs post mortem. Enzymatic deficiency was found in serum, leucocytes, skin fibroblasts, liver, spleen and kidneys. Low activities were present in both parents. PMID- 6797380 TI - [Cerebral CT-scan in malnourished infant (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797381 TI - Topographical appearance of adenohypophysial cells with special reference to the development of the portal system. AB - To determine whether or not the portal vessels play any essential role on the cytogenesis of adenohypophysis through the mediation of hypothalamic neurohormones, chronological and topographical relations between the portal system and adenohypophysial cells have been studied in fetal rats aged from 14.5 to 18.5, by vascular infusion with India ink and by immunohistochemistry. On day 14.5 the intraglandular fossa (Atwell's recess) receives several blood vessels (primitive portal vessels) from the subtuberal capillary plexus and a pair of fine branches from the internal carotid arteries: those blood vessels anastomose within the recess. On day 15.5 the recess becomes narrow but the vasculature extends posteriorly into the growing anterior wall of the rathke's pouch, in which they sprout short branches showing terminal dilations. Immunoreactive ACTH cells first appear in the ventral-middle portion of the pars distalis, where the vascular sproutings are not evident. On day 16.5 the intraglandular blood vessels spread through the pars distalis and connect occasionally with extraglandular venous system suggesting the initiation of the hypophysial portal circulation. TSH cells first appear sporadically in the posterior part of the pars distalis, where blood vessels are still scarce and very occasional cells abut on te sinusoids. On day 17.5, the recess becomes indistinct and pituitary acquires the mature shape. The intraglandular vasculature of the portal system makes a dense meshwork in the adenohypophysis except the pars intermedia. LH cells appear first in the ventral region of the anterior half of the adenohypophysis, where occasional cells appear abutting on the sinusoids. The conclusion is that the portal blood supply, which might convey hypothalamic neurohormones, is not essential or initial cytogenesis of the adenohypophysial cells studied here. PMID- 6797382 TI - Nutritional support in an inpatient rehabilitation unit. AB - Twenty-four patients with protein-calorie malnutrition were treated with intensive dietary support to improve nutritional status. Sixteen patients were able to ingest a mean of 1,945kcal and 77gm protein per 24 hours. Eight patients were unable to consume sufficient protein (11 gm) and kcal (311 gm) per 24 hours; these patients were treated with enteral tube feeding. Patients supported on tube feeding increased serum albumin levels by 0.5gm/100ml and were eventually able to consume 2,170kcal and 87gm of protein per 24-hour period after tube feeding was discontinued. Treatment of patients with protein-calorie malnutrition may require a multiple-modality nutritional support system in a rehabilitation unit. PMID- 6797383 TI - Clinical and neuropathological aspects of long-term damage to the central nervous system after lithium medication. AB - A female patient, who died at the age of 61 and had suffered from several manic depressive psychoses for more than 30 years, developed three phases of intoxication under lithium therapy. There was a 15-year history of electro- and Pentetrazol-induced convulsive therapy prior to lithium medication; neuroleptics were still administered during lithium therapy. The last lithium intoxication, 3 years prior to death was during a low-dosage therapy with normal lithium levels followed by severe lasting impairment: akinesia, rigidity, dysarthria, ataxia, and an organic alteration in character. For the first time, neuropathological findings could be established in such a case: extensive damage to granule and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum; gliosis in the dentate nucleus, the inferior olives, and the nucleus ruber; cytoplasmic inclusions in various nerve cells of the cranial nerve nuclei; cytoplasmic vacuoles, especially in the cells of the supra-optic nucleus. Surprisingly little damage could be found in the substantia nigra and in the neostriatum. The clinical course as well as the pattern and intensity of the brain damage oppose an interpretation as a consequence of preceding convulsive shock therapy. PMID- 6797385 TI - [Photodynamic activity of optical bleaching agents]. PMID- 6797384 TI - An approach towards to standardization of the mammalian spot test. PMID- 6797386 TI - Age-dependent changes in prevalence, size and proliferation of arterial lesions in cockerels. II. Carcinogen-associated lesions. AB - Age-dependent changes were determined in the prevalence, frequency, size and proliferative activity of aortic lesions arising in cockerels injected weekly with the polycyclic hydrocarbon carcinogen, 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA). Starting at 4 weeks of age, groups of 6 animals received weekly i.m. injections of DMBA (10 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Controls were injected with DMSO. Animals were sacrificed (DMSO). Controls were injected with DMSO. Animals were sacrificed at 4 week intervals between 8-20 weeks of age. Microscopic lesions were observed in the abdominal aortas of all animals regardless of age or treatment. At no time point were there statistically significant differences in the prevalence or frequency of lesions between DMBA treated animals and age-matched controls. In addition, lesion areas were log normally distributed in all groups. However, DMBA exposure elicited 2 sets of changes not seen in controls. Carcinogen treatment accelerated the time and rate of appearance of large lesions. Eight week old DMBA-treated animals displayed lesion sizes comparable to those seen in 20 week old controls. Continued exposure to DMBA resulted in sharp increases in lesion size up to 20 weeks of age. Between 12-20 weeks lesion size increased, in a nearly linear fashion, by 12X in DMBA treated animals but only by 2X in controls. There also was a burst of lesion cell proliferation in cockerels after 12 weeks of DMBA treatment. No equivalent increase in proliferation was seen in lesion cells in controls or in medial cells of either experimental or control animals. These results demonstrate that chronic carcinogen exposure results in the accelerated development of pre-existing "spontaneous' lesions rather than the initiation of new lesions. In addition, the results indicate that lesions are not homogeneous regarding their response to proliferative stimuli. This suggests that within a lesion there may exist subpopulations of cells which are more capable of proliferating in response to DMBA, and presumably to other agents, than are the majority of lesion cells. PMID- 6797387 TI - Does chronic kidney failure lead to mental failure? A neuropsychologic survey of self-sufficient outpatients. PMID- 6797388 TI - Effect of levodopa on thyroid function and prolactin release. A study in patients with Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6797389 TI - Evidence for a basic plaque microbial community on the tooth surface in animals. PMID- 6797390 TI - Reduction of carbonic anhydrase activity in the submandibular salivary glands of zinc-deficient rats. PMID- 6797391 TI - Effects of chronic protein deficiency on the formation of the rat incisor teeth. PMID- 6797393 TI - Distribution of the EDTA-soluble non-collagenous organic matrix components of rabbit incisor dentine. PMID- 6797392 TI - Effect of dietary restriction on induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis. PMID- 6797394 TI - Localization of IgE immunoglobulin in human dental periapical lesions by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. PMID- 6797395 TI - [Postoperative parenteral nutrition of patients with an extensive carcinoma of the larynx (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative clinical evaluation of healing operative wounds and classification of postoperative complications in two analogous groups of patients with an extensive carcinoma of the larynx after radical operations were performed. In group 1 (82 patients) the postoperative nutrition was carried out through the nasoesophageal tube. In group 2 (153 patients) the nutrition was carried out parenterally through a catheter inserted into the subclavian vein with solutions of glucose, fat emulsions, protein hydrolysates, and amino-acidic mixtures. In group 1 healing by the first intention was observed in 51% of patients, healing by the second one in 13%. Stable defects of the pharynx occurred in 26% of patients. Erosive hemorrhage arose in 5%. In group 2 the primary healing was achieved in 77% of patients, the secondary one in 11%. Stable pharyngeal defects appeared in 12% of patients. Erosive hemorrhage occurred only in 1.5% of patients. The duration of stationary treatment of patients by using the parenteral nutrition decreased by 16 days on the average. PMID- 6797396 TI - The influence of ototoxic drugs on brainstem auditory evoked potentials in man. AB - To examine the short- and long-term consequences of ototoxic drug administration, the brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) have been recorded in patients undergoing treatment with aminoglycosides antibiotics. It appears that the rapidity of the i.v. injection influences the short-term consequences of the drug administration. The long-term consequences may be reversible. Their reversibility could depend on the status of the ear before the first injection of ototoxic drug. In conclusion, BAEP may be useful as a means of atraumatic monitoring of the auditory function of patients treated with aminoglycosides antibiotics, the non-invasive character of this technique allowing it to be repeatedly used in both adult and young patients. PMID- 6797397 TI - A comparison of fluorimetric and colorimetric methods for the determination of alpha-mannosidase activity in bovine plasma. AB - This paper compares both manual colorimetric and fluorimetric methods for the assay of acidic alpha-mannosidase activity in bovine EDTA plasma. The effect of variable blood volumes per 10 ml blood collecting tube has been investigated, and the colorimetric assay conditions adjusted (for example, zinc concentration in pre-incubation buffer) to cope with low blood volumes resulting in high EDTA/plasma ratios. We have shown that with non-haemolysed EDTA plasma samples, the two methods give similar results, but for haemolysed samples, the colorimetric method yields significantly lower results than those obtained fluorimetrically. Using the manual fluorimetric method, samples can be assayed more rapidly and simply than by using the colorimetric method. This provides definite advantages in a laboratory receiving variable numbers of samples, or which cannot afford the high cost of automated equipment. PMID- 6797398 TI - Severe egg-production drops in turkey breeders in southcentral Missouri. PMID- 6797399 TI - [Serological diagnosis of sarcosporidiosis in experimentally infected cattle and sheep with sarcosporidia]. PMID- 6797401 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of a prototype immunoglobulin-lambda light-chain type amyloid-fibril protein AR. AB - The amino acid sequence of an amyloid-fibril protein of immunoglobulin light chain type (AL) was elucidated. The sequence determination involved digesting the protein with trypsin, thermolysin and pepsin. The protein was found to consist of 154 amino acid residues and is thus missing about half of the constant region of a light chain. A certain heterogeneity in the length of the polypeptide was observed in the C-terminal region. The amino acid sequence from CDR (complementary-determining region) 1 and FR (framework region) 3 indicated an oligoclonal origin of the protein. By comparing the primary structure of protein AR with other lambda- and even kappa-chains, it was revealed that protein AR had an insertion of two residues of aspartic acid, namely residues 68 and 69, which has not been reported previously in light chains. The overall sequence homology in the variable region showed that protein AR is more similar to V lambda V than to the other subgroups [Kabat, Wu & Bilofsky (1979) Variable regions of Immunoglobulin Chains, Medical Computer Systems, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Cambridge, MA]. PMID- 6797400 TI - C-protein from rabbit soleus (red) muscle. AB - A new form of skeletal-muscle C-protein has been isolated from rabbit soleus (red) muscle. This new form of C-protein has been purified to homogeneity by a procedure similar to that used to purify C-protein from white skeletal muscle. In soleus muscle, only this new form of C-protein could be detected, whereas in psoas (white) muscle, only the previously identified form of C-protein was detected. The content of C-protein in rabbit soleus muscle is comparable with that found in psoas muscle. Other rabbit skeletal muscles composed of a mixture of fibre types contained at least two forms of C-protein. C-Protein derived from red skeletal muscle bound to myosin isolated from either red or white tissue, with maximum binding occurring at a ratio of approximately 13 microgram of red C protein/100 microgram of myosin. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate indicated that C-protein isolated from red skeletal muscle has a molecular weight approx. 7% greater than that of C-protein isolated from white skeletal muscle. The amino acid content of both forms of C protein was similar but major differences in the mol % of isoleucine and threonine were found. Antiserum against C-protein from white rabbit skeletal muscle formed a single precipitin line with rabbit C-protein on double in agar. This antiserum did not form a precipitin line when diffused against red C-protein from rabbit skeletal muscle. Also, this antiserum bound specifically to the A band region of myofibrils isolated from psoas (white) muscle, but it did not bind to myofibrils prepared from soleus (red) muscle. PMID- 6797402 TI - The location of arabinosyl:hydroxyproline transferase in the membrane system of potato tissue culture cells. AB - Incubation of a particulate preparation from potato tissue culture cells with UDP beta-L-[1-3H] arabinose yielded a glycoprotein fraction containing labelled material with the characteristics of hydroxyproline arabinosides. The sugar protein linkage was resistant to hot alkaline hydrolysis, and the hydrolytic products showed similar electrophoretic and chromatographic behavior to authentic hydroxyproline-arabinosides prepared from potato tissue culture cell walls. Incorporation of arabinose into glycoprotein was stimulated by the addition of de arabinosylated potato lectin. The product of the incubation co-migrated with native potato lectin on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The subcellular distribution of the arabinosyl-transferase was investigated by fractionating potato tissue culture membranes on a discontinuous sucrose gradient in the presence or absence of Mg2+. Under both fractionation conditions the highest specific activity of the enzyme was found in the Golgi enriched fraction. The results are discussed in relation to the synthesis of the hydroxy-proline-rich glycoprotein component of plant cell walls. PMID- 6797405 TI - A requirement for EDTA in the separation of Photosystems 1 and 2 from the cyanobacterium Chlorogloea fritschii. AB - Fractions enriched in Photosystem 1 or Photosystem 2 activity have been isolated from the cyanobacterium Chlorogloea fritschii after extraction of the membranes with digitonin and Triton X-100. Separation of the extract into the two components was achieved by using a Sepharose 6B column, calibration of which gave Kd values of 0.3 for the Photosystem 1 fraction and 0.53 for Photosystem 2. These values corresponded to molecular weights of approx. 500000 and 90000 respectively. The Photosystem 1 particle was shown to aggregate on storage and EDTA was shown to be necessary to separate the Photosystem 1 and 2 fractions. PMID- 6797403 TI - Calcium uptake in isolated brush-border vesicles from rat small intestine. AB - Ca2+ uptake in brush-border vesicles isolated from rat duodena was studied by a rapid-filtration technique. Ca2+ uptake showed saturation kinetics, was dependent on the pH and ionic strength of the medium and was independent of metabolic energy. Uptake activity was readily inhibited by Ruthenium Red, La3+, tetracaine, EGTA, choline chloride and Na+ or K+. The effect of variations in medium osmolarity on Ca2+ uptake and the ionophore A23187-induced efflux of the cation from preloaded vesicles indicated that the Ca2+-uptake process involved binding to membrane components, as well as transport into an osmotically active space. Scatchard-plot analyses of the binding data suggested at least two classes of Ca2+-binding sites. The high-affinity sites, Ka = (2.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(4) M-1 (mean +/- S.D.) bound 3.2 +/- 0.8 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein, whereas the low-affinity sites (Ka = 60 +/- 6 M-1) bound 110 +/- 17 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein. In the presence of 100 mM-NaCl, 1.7 and 53 nmol of Ca2+/mg of protein were bound to the high- and low-affinity sites respectively. Decreased Ca2+-uptake activity was observed in vesicles isolated from vitamin D-deficient as compared with vitamin D replete animals and intraperitoneal administration of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol to vitamin D-deficient rats 16 h before membrane isolation stimulated the initial rate of Ca2+ uptake significantly. The data indicated that Ca2+ entry and/or binding was passive and may involve a carrier mediated Ca2+-uptake component that is associated with the brush-border membrane. Altering the electrochemical potential difference across the membrane by using anions of various permeability and selected ionophores appeared to increase primarily binding to the membrane rather than transport into the intravesicular space. Since there is considerable binding of Ca2+ to the vesicle interior, a comprehensive analysis of the transport properties of the brush-border membrane remains difficult at present. PMID- 6797404 TI - Indirect evidence for a strict negative control of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase by spermidine in rat hepatoma cells. AB - 1. Direct or indirect inhibitors of l-ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17), structurally related or unrelated to l-ornithine, including dl-alpha difluoromethylornithine, alpha-methylornithine and 1,3-diaminopropane, used alone or in combination, decreased polyamine concentrations in rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells and increased S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase activity (EC 4.1.1.50). 2. Comparison of the catalytic properties of S-adenosyl-l methionine from cells with elevated and normal activities revealed no apparent modification of the catalytic site as judged by affinity for the substrate, stimulation by di- and tri-amines and inhibition by methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone). 3. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide, and RNA and a proteinsynthesis inhibitor respectively, blocked the increase of S-adenosyl-l methionine decarboxylase activity elicited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. In polyamine-depleted cells the apparent half-life of elevated S-adenosyl-l methionine decarboxylase activity, determined by inhibition of protein synthesis, was 2.5-fold longer than in control cells. The present results suggest that elevation of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase activity by alpha difluoromethylornithine is due to stabilization of the enzyme. 4. Restoration of the normal intracellular putrescine content, by addition of putrescine to the medium of polyamine-deficient cells, transiently increased S-adenosyl-l methionine decarboxylase activity. Thereafter, intracellular conversion of putrescine into spermidine was accompanied by inactivation of the enzyme at a rate that was similar to that found on addition of spermidine itself. No relationship between total intracellular spermine content and S-adenosyl-l methionine decarboxylase activity could be established. 5. Addition of 1mm-1,3 diaminopropane to polyamine-deficient cells did not cause a decrease in the activity of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase, whereas addition of 1,5 diaminopentane (cadaverine) did. 1,3-Diamino-N-(3-aminopropyl)propane did not accumulate in cells treated with alpha-difluoromethylornithine and 1,3 diaminopropane, whereas addition of 1,5-diaminopentane led to the accumulation of 1,5-diamino-N-(3-aminopropyl)pentane. 1,3-Diamino-N-(3-aminopropyl)propane (10mum) was as effective as spermidine in decreasing S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase activity. Thus effectiveness of a diamine in decreasing enzyme activity is related to its capability of being converted into a closely structurally related homologue of spermidine by spermidine synthase. 6. The spermidine site of action appears to be post-translational since (a) the spermidine-induced decrease of S-adenosyl-l-methionine activity was not prevented by actinomycin D and (b) spermidine in the presence of cycloheximide led to a synergistic inactivation of the enzyme with a decay rate that progressively approached control values. Altogether these results are indirect evidence for a strict negative control of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase by spermidine and substantiate previous findings [Mamont, Duchesne, Grove & Tardif (1978) Exp. Cell Res.115, 387-393]. Spermidine appears to act on some processes involved in denaturation and/or degradation of the enzyme protein. Putrescine appears to decrease the rate of these processes. The physiological significance of the regulatory control of S-adenosyl-l-methionine decarboxylase is discussed. PMID- 6797406 TI - The effects of cycloheximide on the biosynthesis and secretion of proteoglycans by chondrocytes in culture. AB - Proteoglycans synthesized by rat chondrosarcoma cells in culture are secreted into the culture medium through a pericellular matrix. The appearance of [35S]sulphate in secreted proteoglycan after a 5 min pulse was rapid (half-time, t 1/2 less than 10 min), but that of [3H]serine into proteoglycan measured after a 15 min pulse was much slower (t 1/2 120 min). The incorporation of [3H]serine into secreted protein was immediately inhibited by 1 mM-cycloheximide, but the incorporation of [35S]sulphate into proteoglycans was only inhibited gradually(t 1/2 79 min), suggesting the presence of a large intracellular pool of proteoglycan that did not carry sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Cultures were pulsed with [3H]serine and [35S]sulphate and chased for up to 6 h in the presence of 1 mM-cycloheximide. Analysis showed that cycloheximide-chased cells secreted less than 50% of the [3H]serine in proteoglycan of control cultures and the rate of incorporation into secreted proteoglycan was decreased (from t 1/2 120 min to t 1/2 80 min). Under these conditions cycloheximide interfered with the flow of proteoglycan protein core along the route of intracellular synthesis leading to secretion, as well as inhibiting further protein core synthesis. The results suggested that the newly synthesized protein core of proteoglycan passes through an intracellular pool for about 70-90 min before the chondroitin sulphate chains are synthesized on it, and it is then rapidly secreted from the cell. Proteoglycan produced by cultures incubated in the presence of cycloheximide and labelled with [35S]sulphate showed an increase with time of both the average proteoglycan size and the length of the constituent chondroitin sulphate chain. However, the proportion of synthesized proteoglycans able to form stable aggregates did not alter. PMID- 6797407 TI - Initiation of protein synthesis in cell-free extracts of Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - Saturating concentrations of the initiation-specific inhibitors poly(I) and T-2 toxin inhibit protein synthesis by over 35% and cause ribosome 'run-off' from the polyribosomes. The elongation-specific inhibitor cycloheximide totally prevents protein synthesis and 'freezes' the ribosomes in the pattern of unincubated controls. These results prove that our Tetrahymena extracts are capable of protein-synthesis initiation, a conclusion which is confirmed by a 30% inhibition of synthesis by the mRNA cap analogue, 7-methylguanosine 5'-monophosphate. PMID- 6797409 TI - Studies on the substrate specificity and inducibility of cytochrome P-450meg. AB - The cytochrome P-450-dependent steroid 15 beta-hydroxylase system in Bacillus megaterium A.T.C.C. 13368 was investigated with regard to its appearance in the cell with respect to the growth curve of the organism, with regard to its inducibility by a number of agents (among them some of the classical inducers of the mammalian liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 system) and with regard to its capacity to convert non-steroidal substances into oxygenated compounds. The enzyme was found to reach a maximum concentration in the cell during the stationary phase of the growth curve. Of all the agents tested as inducers, none showed any capacity to induce cytochrome P-450meg. Finally, of the substances tested as substrates only aniline (p-hydroxylation) was metabolized by the microbial enzyme system. This conversion might be related to the general oxygenase activity of haemoproteins. It is concluded that the substrate specificity of the B. megaterium hydroxylase system is narrow. PMID- 6797408 TI - Response of enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines to phytohaemagglutinin-induced activation of human lymphocytes. AB - The stimulation of lymphocyte ornithine decarboxylase and adenosylmethionine decarboxylase produced by phytohaemagglutinin was accompanied by an equally marked, but delayed, stimulation of spermidine synthase, which is not commonly considered as an inducible enzyme. In contrast with the marked stimulation of these biosynthetic enzymes, less marked changes were observed in the biodegradative enzymes of polyamines in response to phytohaemagglutinin. Diamine oxidase activity was undetectable during all stages of the transformation. The activity of polyamine oxidase remained either constant or was slightly decreased several days after addition of the mitogen. The activity of polyamine acetylase (employing all the natural polyamines as substrates) distinctly increased both in the cytosolic and crude nuclear preparations of the cells during later stages of mitogen activation. Difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, although powerfully inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, produced a gradual enhancement of adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity during lymphocyte activation, without influencing the activities of the two propylamine transferases (spermidine synthase and spermine synthase). PMID- 6797410 TI - Effect of a transitory ischaemia on the structure-linked latency of rat liver acid phosphatase and beta-galactosidase. AB - The structure-linked latency of acid phosphatase and beta-galactosidase was studied in rat liver lobes made ischaemic for 1 or 2 h and then recirculated with blood for increasing periods. Free activity of acid phosphatase and unsedimentable activity of beta-galactosidase are increased in homogenates of ischaemic livers. When ischaemia had been maintained for 1 h, the recovery of normal latency for both enzymes was observed 1 h after re-establishment of the blood flow. After a 2 h period of ischaemia, unmasked activity markedly decreases during the first 1 h after restoration of blood flow; after that, a large and irreversible secondary rise takes place. Chlorpromazine, injected 30 min before or just after induction of ischaemia, extensively prevents the latency decrease occurring during restoration of blood flow. Modifications of the hydrolase distribution pattern obtained after differential centrifugation are in agreement with the latency changes. These results suggest that a 2 h ischaemia causes an alteration of the liver lysosomes that is largely reversible and that restoration of blood flow induces an irreversible alteration of these organelles. Chlorpromazine treatment prevents the irreversible lesion from taking place. PMID- 6797412 TI - Denaturation of proteins and nucleic acids by thermal-gradient electrophoresis. AB - A polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis method has been developed that permits the analysis of conformational changes that occur during the thermal denaturation of macromolecules. A stable transverse temperature gradient was produced in an aluminium heating jacket clamped around a vertical polyacrylamide slab gel. After temperature equilibration, gels were loaded with either a layer of protein solution (20-200 micrograms/gel) or a solution of double-stranded DNA (20 micrograms/gel) and electrophoresis begun. At the end of the run the gels were stained and the effect of temperature on mobility observed. The technique proved informative both for the irreversible unfolding of proteins (Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase and lactic acid dehydrogenase) and for a protein that was reversibly denatured by heat (beta-lactamase). In the latter case a clear transition between the native enzyme and a slower-migrating denatured state was observed. The patterns obtained were analogous to the type produced by the transverse-urea-gradient-electrophoretic method of Creighton [(1979) J. Mol. Biol. 129, 253-264]. The method also resolved a complex mixture of double stranded-DNA restriction-digest fragments. PMID- 6797411 TI - [14C]acetylcholine synthesis and [14C]carbon dioxide production from [U 14C]glucose by tissue prisms from human neocortex. AB - 1. [14C]Acetylcholine synthesis and 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose has been measured in tissue prism preparations from human neocortex. 2. Electron micrographs of prisms from human and rat neocortex show that both contain intact synaptic endings with evenly-distributed vesicles and normal-appearing mitochondria, but only poorly preserved cell body structure. 3. Synthesis of [14C]acetylcholine in prisms from rat neocortex is similar to estimates for turnover in vivo. Synthesis in prisms from human neocortex is 18% of that in rat tissue and 64% of that in tissue from baboon neocortex for incubations performed in 31 mM-K+. 4. Investigations of prisms prepared from rat brains stored at 37 degrees C after death revealed that synthesis of [14C]acetylcholine in the presence of 31 mM-K+ was greatly decreased within 30 min of post-mortem incubation, whereas synthesis at 5 mM-K+ and production of 14CO2 at both K+ concentrations were only significantly affected after longer periods. Changes were similar in neocortex and striatum. Thus human autopsy material is unlikely to be suitable for use with this system. 5. Investigations using animal models suggest that [14C]acetylcholine synthesis and 14CO2 production are not affected by surgical or anaesthetic procedures. 6. Neither [14C]acetylcholine synthesis nor 14CO2 production in human prisms was significantly changed with age between 15 and 68 years. 7. Samples from patients with the dementing condition Alzheimer's disease showed a significant decrease in [14C]acetylcholine synthesis to 47% of normal samples and a significant increase of 39% in production of 14CO2. PMID- 6797413 TI - The relative conformational stability of the alcohol dehydrogenase alleloenzymes of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effect of temperature on four purified alleloenzymes of the alcohol dehydrogenase (Adhs, Adhf, AdhD and Adhn-5) of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster was investigated in detail. Initial-velocity studies showed that the naturally occurring Adhf and Adhs enzymes differed only in their temperature optima, and evidence of kinetic adaptation to high and low temperature was not apparent. All four alleloenzymes denatured irreversibly on heating purified enzyme solutions at pH 6.0. This technique revealed only small differences in thermostability between Adhf and Adhs, although the two mutant enzymes from AdhD and Adhn-5 were considerably more labile. Electrophoresis of the enzymes though a stable transverse temperature gradient proved to be a discriminating and reproducible technique. Enzymes of different net charge were compared on the same polyacrylamide gel. The Adhf enzyme was shown to be significantly less stable than the Adhs enzyme. Subunit interchange was observed at temperatures below the point at which the unfolding occurred. At pH 4.0, the Adhf/Adhs heterodimer was as stable as the Adhs homodimeric enzyme, and more stable than the Adhf homodimer. Adhn-5 and AdhD alleloenzymes were relatively thermolabile. The stability of the alleloenzymes towards urea denaturation was studied by urea gradient electrophoresis. Only small differences in stability between the Adhf and Adhs enzymes were observed. The AdhD and Adhn-5 mutants were denatured at the same urea concentration, which was much lower than in the case of the wild-type enzymes. Except at pH 4.0, subunit dissociation could not be distinguished from the unfolding of the monomer. PMID- 6797414 TI - The primary structure of the constant region of Basilea-rabbit immunoglobulin lambda-chains. AB - The amino acid sequence of the constant region of the immunoglobulin lambda-chain of the rabbit (C lambda) has been determined. This chain was obtained from a homogeneous anti-(type II pneumococcal polysaccharide) antibody fraction raised in Basilea rabbit 4548. The C lambda-region sequence was established by the analysis of tryptic and some overlapping chymotryptic peptides and partly by homology with known C lambda-region sequences of lambda-chains from other species. Peptides were isolated by a combination of methods including high voltage paper electrophoresis, gel filtration and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The peptides were subjected to automated Edman degradation in the presence of Polybrene. The sequence showed no evidence of heterogeneity. Large interspecies similarities, as well as amino acid interchanges, are apparent among various C lambda regions; the degrees of homology between rabbit C lambda region and the C lambda region from human, porcine and murine chains are 72.6, 71 and 72% respectively. The similarity of lambda-chains of different species is much greater than that found between rabbit kappa- and lambda-chains (about 34% homology). Genetic implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6797416 TI - Human albumin from cord blood: some distinctive characteristics. PMID- 6797415 TI - Molecular and immunological comparison of human dihydropteridine reductase in liver, cultured fibroblasts and continuous lymphoid cells. AB - An antiserum was raised in a rabbit against highly purified human liver dihydropteridine reductase (EC 1.6.99.7). Dihydropteridine reductase from human liver, in human cultured fibroblasts and in continuous lymphoid cells all showed identical antigenic properties. The structural characteristics of the reductase from these three sources were further compared by the use of high-precision two dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme from radiolabelled fibroblasts and continuous lymphoid cells was isolated by immunoprecipitation or by affinity chromatography and compared with the purified liver enzyme. Two major polypeptide species were resolved, and polypeptides from all three sources co migrated identically. Indirect evidence is presented indicating that one of the polypeptide species may have been derived from the other via a post-translational modification. These results support the concept that the same structural gene(s) encodes for dihydropteridine reductase in human liver, fibroblasts and lymphocytes. PMID- 6797417 TI - Arginase from human blood serum. PMID- 6797418 TI - Effect of exogenous cholesterol of plasma lipids and hepatic enzymes in rabbits fed different carbohydrate diets. PMID- 6797419 TI - Calcium-stimulated protein kinases from rat cerebral cortex are inactivated by preincubation. PMID- 6797420 TI - Adrenoleukodystrophy: impaired oxidation of long chain fatty acids in cultured skin fibroblasts an adrenal cortex. PMID- 6797421 TI - Type V collagen: the presence of appreciable amounts of alpha 3(V) chain in uterus. PMID- 6797422 TI - 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (platelet-activating factor) stimulates calcium influx in rabbit platelets. PMID- 6797423 TI - Chemotactic peptide stimulated endogenous arachidonic acid metabolism in HL-60 granulocytes. PMID- 6797424 TI - The inhibition of crotalase, a thrombin-like snake venom enzyme, by several peptide chloromethyl ketone derivatives. PMID- 6797425 TI - Failure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form membrane-associated glucose dehydrogenase activity during anaerobic growth with nitrate. PMID- 6797427 TI - Aphidicolin sensitivity of variant 3T6 cells selected for changes in ribonucleotide reductase. PMID- 6797426 TI - Partial purification and characterization of cytochrome P-450 responsible for the occurrence of sex difference in drug metabolism in the rat. PMID- 6797430 TI - Kringle 5 of human plasminogen carries a benzamidine-binding site. PMID- 6797429 TI - Correction of combined beta-galactosidase/neuraminidase deficiency in human fibroblasts. PMID- 6797428 TI - Inactivation of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum and spinach with the new affinity label 2-bromo-1,5-dihydroxy-3-pentanone 1,5-bisphosphate. PMID- 6797432 TI - Ethanol-mediated increase in cytochrome P-450 in cultured hepatocytes. PMID- 6797431 TI - Sulphinpyrazone prevents in vivo the inhibitory effect of aspirin on rat platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity. PMID- 6797434 TI - Inhibition of iron-stimulated catecholamine degradation by the iron-chelators DETAPAC and Desferal. Potentially useful laboratory agents. PMID- 6797433 TI - Antioxidants increase the formation of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by ram seminal vesicle microsomes. PMID- 6797436 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase by F-776, 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-beta-hydroxy 2-furanpropanoic acid, a new anti-inflammatory/analgesic compound. PMID- 6797435 TI - Choline dehydrogenase. Assay, properties and inhibitors. PMID- 6797437 TI - Antagonism by polyamines of the curative effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine in Trypanosoma brucei brucei infections. PMID- 6797438 TI - Discriminatory effects of gold compounds and carriers on mitochondria isolated from different tissues. PMID- 6797439 TI - Comparison of insulin hypoglycemia-induced and fluoroacetate-induced convulsions in gold thioglucose lesioned mice. PMID- 6797440 TI - Sjogren's syndrome with IgG kappa paraprotein and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6797441 TI - Some haemodynamic effects of nicergoline, a new alpha-blocking agent, in the closed-chest anaesthetized dog as compared with nitroprusside and nitroglycerin. AB - Considering the recent rediscovery of the use of alpha-blocking agents in the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, we have studied the haemodynamic effects of 10-methyl-1,6-dimethyl-ergoline-8 beta-methanol-(5-bromonicotinate (nicergoline, Sermion), a new alpha-blocking ergot derivative, on the closed chest anesthetized dog. For comparative reasons, the effects of nitroglycerin and nitroprusside were studied on the same model. The doses were adjusted to give an identical decrease in blood pressure after 30 min infusion (nearly 30%). Nicergoline did not change the heart rate, decreased total and femoral arterial resistance, did not change the cardiac output or the femoral flow, as opposed to nitroglycerin which decreased the cardiac output and systolic volume, causing a reflex tachycardia and femoral constriction, confirming its predominantly venous effect. Nitroprusside did not cause tachycardia, and the femoral resistances were increased, though less so than with nitroglycerin. Both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside apparently had no direct effect on myocardial performance, whilst nicergoline seemed to increase the myocardial compliance (by a decrease of the sympathetic tone). This drug merits further attention in that it is readily soluble and can easily be administered i.v., for treatment of acute heart failure, for example. PMID- 6797442 TI - Synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of N'-morpholinomethylurea derivatives with platelet antiaggregant activity. AB - In the attempt to prolong and stabilize the known antiaggregant activity of morpholinomethylurea (MMU) derivatives were prepared with carboxylic acids possessing antiaggregant, anti-inflammatory or hypolipemic activity. The results of the experiments showed the important anti-aggregant and hypolipemic activity of N-2-(p-chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104). The results obtained seem to indicate that the activity of these new N-acyl N'-MMU is due initially to the molecule per se although it cannot be totally ruled out that part of the pharmacodynamic effect of the MMU may depend on a prodrug-like behaviour. PMID- 6797443 TI - Platelet antiaggregant activity of plafibride ex vivo in rat, dog and rabbit. AB - N-2-(p-Chlorophenoxy)-isobutyryl-N'-morpholinomethylurea (plafibride, ITA 104) is an acyl derivative of morpholinomethylurea (MMU) with clofibric acid that was found to be active as a hypotriglyceridemic increasing the serum alpha lipoproteins and decreasing drastically the serum turbidity after olive oil ingestion. This paper reports the antiaggregating activity ex vivo of plafibride in experimental animals. In ADP-induced platelet aggregation in the rat, plafibride at double dose was as active as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), dipyridamole was less active and clofibrate practically inactive. In the rabbit, plafibride either administered p.o. or i.v. was as active as ASA. In ADP-, collagen- or adrenaline-induced aggregation in the dog, plafibride showed marked platelet antiaggregant activity after a single dose of 100 mg/kg p.o. In all the experiments, the antiaggregating activity of plafibride was similar in intensity to that of ASA but more retarded. Inhibition by plafibride of arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation was of a competitive type whereas the inhibition by ASA was unspecific. In the rat, plafibride inhibited significantly the spontaneously formed circulating platelet aggregates. In vitro plafibride appeared as an effective antiaggregant agent although less powerful than morpholinomethylurea, one of its presumed metabolites. The ex vivo activity of MMU was nevertheless too short-lasting to be of any therapeutic interest. The kinetics of platelet antiaggregant activity and the correlation between hypolipemic and platelet antiaggregant activity of plafibride is discussed in this paper. It is evident that plafibride at above dose is active as an antiaggregant and hypolipemic agent. PMID- 6797444 TI - Effects of erythromycin on Euglena gracilis as a model for testing the toxicity of antibacterial drugs. AB - Based on the main physiological and ultrastructural effects induced in Euglena gracilis by erythromycin, one of the least toxic of the commonly used antibiotics that specifically inhibit protein synthesis on 70S ribosomes of prokaryotic organisms, a symptomatologic picture is outlined which could be useful for the preliminary evaluation of the toxicity of antibacterial agents. PMID- 6797445 TI - A clinical study of the tolerance and safety of a beta-propiolactone-treated immunoglobulin. AB - In an open clinical study, 31 healthy volunteers were each given three i.v. infusions of 50 ml of a immunoglobulin preparation (Intraglobin) from three different production batches. During a 35-week observation period every three weeks blood specimens were drawn from the participants and analysed for serological (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBeAg and anti-HBe) and clinico-chemical parameters of hepatitis (SGOT, SGPT, gamma-GT and bilirubin levels). In no case evidence of the development of hepatitis arose, nor did the participants suffer from any side-effects during or after the infusions. Ten out of the 31 subjects then received another 150 ml infusion followed by an intradermal application of the new immunoglobulin in a 1:10 dilution four weeks later. No signs of immediate or delayed hypersensitivity reactions could be observed in the volunteers. PMID- 6797446 TI - A retrospective study of immunoglobulin treatment as part of a multi-factorial therapy in children with acute lymphatic leukemia. AB - During the multifactorial treatment of acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL) bacterial and viral secondary infections are rather common due to the therapeutic immunosuppression. For prophylactic reasons the administration of i.v. tolerable immunoglobulins is indicated during the course of the leukemia treatment. In a retrospective study the acute tolerance of an IgG-preparation (Intraglobin) in 56 children suffering from ALL was investigated. On the average each child received 6 applications (total number: 361) within a maximum observation treatment period of 7 years. Only in three cases minor side-effects were observed which corresponds to a reaction rate of less than 1%. PMID- 6797447 TI - [Biological and ecological factors in the epidemiology of Chagas' disease in Chile (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797449 TI - [Ultrastructural study of chorionic villi in maternal-fetal isoimmunity]. AB - The Authors studied the Human normal full term placenta and in the feto-maternal Rh and ABO incompatibilities. In the Human normal full term placenta the sincitium trophoblastum coat shows the usual microvillosity and the normal cytoplasmatic organules; in the placenta of ABO isoimmunized subjects the sincitium trophoblastum coat is intensely vacuolyzated; in the placenta of Rh isoimmunized subjects the lamina sincitiale vacuolyzation is more evident in the basal side. Discussion on the morphology related to the placenta barrier function. PMID- 6797451 TI - [A Lance-Adams syndrome of a diver (author's transl)]. AB - A 39 years old man with severe action myoclonus and epileptic seizure was reported. He had been in good health and worked as an occupational diver until August 16, 1966, when he had to dive into the sea bottom about 35 m deep without diving equipment. After finishing his work, he fell into unconsciousness and drowned. Sometime later, he was rescued and treated as decompression sickness. When he became alert, severe action myoclonus and epileptic seizure appeared. 8 years later, he was admitted to our hospital for rehabilitation. The danger of diving without equipment was indicated, because in sea bottom alveolar oxygen pressure (Pao2) is about 450 mmHg and alveolar air pressure 4.5 atmospheric pressure. In this condition patient could hold his breath longer time than in sea surface. When he finished his work and floated with muscle relaxing, however, his blood supply to the brain decreased. It was thought, therefore, that he fell into unconsciousness and drowned. In somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) by median nerve stimulation, giat patterns were recognized but there were differences between SEP of myoclonus epilepsy and that of this patient. P50 and N70-80 were giant in him, suggesting that he had a brain stem disturbance. Since the inhibition system of fast conducted fiber did not work well in this state, the component of slow conducted fiber was magnified. Action myoclonus may be due to the disturbance of inhibition system in the brain stem. PMID- 6797450 TI - [Preliminary observations on in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins E in tumor cells and virus transformed cells]. AB - Biosynthesis of prostaglandins of E series in BK virus-transformed rabbit-kidney cells (RKBK) and mouse hepatoma cells cultured in vitro with and without exogenous arachidonic acid was determined by radioimmunoassay. Elevated concentrations of prostaglandin E2 were observed in both cell types; moreover, tumor and transformed cells were capable to synthesize higher levels of prostaglandin E2 than normal cells. Mouse hepatoma cells produced more prostaglandins compared to RKBK cells; in addition they seemed less sensitive to inhibition by indomethacin. These data suggest that arachidonic acid metabolism may be another one of the intrinsic biochemical properties that differentiate tumor and virus transformed cells. PMID- 6797448 TI - [Electron microscopy and histochemical study of the neural apparatus of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Electron microscopic study of intraorgan nervous ganglia and histochemical investigation of adrenergic innervation of rabbit heart in experimental myocardial infarction has been carried out. Changes in ganglia are shown to develop first of all in neuron bodies. Disturbances in ultrastructure of synaptic contacts are, as a rule, found from the third day of myocardial infarction. The amount of mediator in adrenergic terminalia is being reduced and there is a change in its distribution along the nerve fibers not only in the zone of the myocardial infarction but also in the zones beyond infarction. Intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin favours a retaining of the mediator in the neuronal depot. PMID- 6797454 TI - Effect of a new analgesic, MR 1268, on circulatory and respiratory indices in volunteers. AB - MR 1268, a benzmorphan derivative with marked morphine-like properties and weaker antagonist properties was administered to six healthy male volunteers who each received MR 1268 2.5,5,10 and 20 mg i.v. in random order. There were no significant changes in the cardiovascular indices measured. However, significant and dose-related decreases in expired minute volume were observed. With 20 mg, consistent increases in Paco2 coincided with maximum decrease in ventilation, indicating some degree of alveolar hypoventilation. Drowsiness was dose-related but of short duration and only significant with 20 mg. Pupillary size and reaction remained unaffected. PMID- 6797453 TI - Alfentanil-oxygen anaesthesia for coronary artery surgery. AB - The anaesthetic properties of alfentanil were evaluated in 15 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting operations. Alfentanil was infused at a rate of 3.0mg min-1 until the patients (breathing pure oxygen) became unconscious. Additional alfentanil 2.5-5.0mg i.v. was given if systolic arterial pressure increased by 15% or more from control values. Alfentanil produced unconsciousness in 75 +/- 18s, but muscle rigidity occurred in 27% of patients. Cardiovascular dynamics were minimally altered during the induction of anaesthesia and throughout most of the operation, although 60% of patients became hypertensive during sternotomy and 73% during sternal spread. Recovery from anaesthesia was rapid with patients regaining consciousness after 1.4 +/- 0.6h and fulfilling out criteria for extubation of the trachea 4.1 +/- 1.2h after operation. No patient was aware of laryngoscopy, endotracheal intubation or any aspect of the operation. PMID- 6797452 TI - Relief by intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate of coronary artery spasm resistant to sublingual route of administration. AB - Inappropriate percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of the anterior descending artery was avoided in a 52-year-old woman when the intracoronary administration of glyceryl trinitrate immediately before the angioplasty disclosed the organic component of the supposedly fixed, critical (80%) stenosis to be less than 50% of the lumen diameter. The spastic component of the stenosis had not been unmasked by the sublingual administration of two 0.4 mg tablets of glyceryl trinitrate during diagnostic angiography two weeks earlier. Intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate is indicated when suspected coronary spasm persists after the sublingual administration of this drug in potential candidates for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6797455 TI - beta-Naphthylamidase activity of the cell surface of Ehrlich ascites cells. Reversible control of enzyme activity by metal ions and thiols. AB - Ehrlich ascites tumour cells grown in mice have a cell-surface trypsin-like neutral protease (TLNP) which is not inhibited by high-mol.-wt inhibitors of trypsin. This enzyme is inhibited by low concentrations of zinc, which may be removed by chelating agents, with the consequent return of enzymic activity. Gold, provided as the drugs aurothiomalate or auranofin, also inhibits TLNP. The gold can be removed from the enzyme by incremental addition of thiols. The mechanisms of gold transfer to the active site to cause inhibition and subsequent removal of gold with reactivation of TLNP, have been shown to be controlled by reversible thiol-exchange reactions. PMID- 6797456 TI - Non-immunogenicity of enucleated rat hepatoma cells in syngeneic animals. AB - Cytoplasts and karyoplasts were obtained by ultracentrifugation of Hepatoma D23 cells on a Ficoll gradient containing cytochalasin B. Their nuclear and protein content and their metabolic activity were determined. Three i.p. injections of 2.3 x 10(7) cytoplasts were unable to protect syngeneic WAB/Not rats against an s.c. challenge of 10(4) D23 cells, whereas a similar amount of karyoplasts, or 3 injections of 10(6) irradiated D23 cells, were fully protective. Ability of cytoplasts to act as primary or secondary immunogen were also studied, and compared to that of 0.01% glutaraldehyde-treated cells, 43 degrees C heat-treated cells and 3M KCl-soluble extracts, these preparations also being of weak immunogenicity. Only heat-treated cells behaved as a primary immunogen, whereas none of the preparations provided a secondary stimulation. Moreover, when these preparations were fed in vitro to peritoneal-exudate cells before their injection into rats, cytoplasts and glutaraldehyde-treated cells showed no immunogenicity, whereas heat-treated cells induced full protection against tumour challenge. Therefore, in this tumour model, the in vivo persistence of immunogen and the presence of a nucleus are likely to be crucial in inducing transplantation resistance to tumour. PMID- 6797457 TI - Effects of thiotepa on primary cultures of DMBA-induced mammary tumours of rats: kinetics and ultrastructure. PMID- 6797458 TI - Host-parasite relationships in hyperkeratotic (Norwegian) scabies: pathological and immunological findings. AB - The dynamics of intraepidermal penetration of the scabies mite and the host's responses to the invaders have been studied in hyperkeratotic scabies. Contrary to the generally accepted view, the mites progressed not only through the stratum corneum but also into the underlying epidermis and even occasionally to the dermo epidermal interface. Morphological evidence of reactive processes included parakeratosis surrounding the burrows, psoriasiform hyperplasia with increased basal cell labelling indices and exocytosis of mononuclear cells. 3H-Thymidine labelling indices of immunocompetent cells of the dermal infiltrate reached levels found in allergic patch test reactions and were in both cases higher than in non-immune-specific inflammatory processes. The labelling index of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed an increased ratio of B cells to T cells as compared to controls or patients with allergic contact dermatitis. Serum CIq fixation was higher than in untreated patients with common scabies. These results support our previous findings of immunological activation in host infested by the scabies mite. PMID- 6797459 TI - Monoclonal antibody to human platelet glycoprotein I. II. Effects on human platelet function. AB - The effect on platelet function of a monoclonal platelet antibody to platelet membrane glycoprotein I was tested. This antibody, AN51, inhibited ristocetin or bovine factor VIII-induced aggregation but did not modify ADP, collagen type I or type III, thrombin or arachidonic acid induced aggregations. Furthermore, the adhesion-aggregation of platelets induced by microfibrils was also inhibited by the antibody. Platelet adhesion to rabbit aorta subendothelium was impaired by the antibody. The persistent adhesion of platelets to collagenase-treated subendothelium was also inhibited. These findings strongly suggested that platelet membrane glycoprotein I could interact with a non-collagenic microfibrillar component of subendothelium. The binding of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to platelet membrane in the presence of ristocetin was decreased in the binding site for factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to allow platelet adhesion to subendothelium. PMID- 6797461 TI - Specific enhancement of mouse CFU-E by mouse transferrin. AB - Pure human and mouse transferrins were prepared by a chromatographic procedure and their effect on the growth of early (BFU-E) and late (CFU-E) erythropoietic precursors in mouse bone marrow is described. In the presence of optimal erythropoietin concentrations mouse bone marrow cells have a greater specificity for mouse transferrin (950 CFU-E colonies/10(5) cells) than human transferrin (650 CFU-E colonies/10(5) cells). Optimal transferrin concentrations for both human and mouse transferrins were 1.3x10(-13)M and 1.3x10(-10)M corresponding to between 7.8x10(7) and 7.8x10(10) molecules/ml of culture. These concentrations are in excess of that calculated on a theoretical basis. Neither erythropoietic burst nor granulocyte/macrophage colony formation exhibited a dose dependent relationship for any of the transferrins employed, although higher colony numbers were obtained with mouse transferrin compared to human transferrin. PMID- 6797460 TI - Binding of low-molecular-weight canine factor VIII coagulant from von Willebrand plasma to canine factor VIII-related antigen. AB - Plasmas having no detectable factor VIII-related antigen but moderate factor VIII coagulant were obtained from two unrelated dogs homozygous for von Willebrand's disease and with the severe clinical expression of the disease. when these plasmas were gel-filtered in a buffer at physiologic ionic strength, the factor VIII coagulant eluted in the bed volume as a single well-defined peak. Addition of protease inhibitors, including diisopropylfluorophosphate, did not change the elution pattern. Each plasma was then combined individually with plasmas from six different mutants of canine haemophilia, all of which had normal factor VIII related antigen but no detectable factor VIII coagulant. The factor VIII coagulant elution profile of these combined plasma resembled that of normal canine plasma. Slightly over half of the recovered factor VIII coagulant coeluted in the void volume with the factor VIII-related antigen; the rest eluted as a second, distinct peak of lower molecular weight. These results demonstrated that part of the factor VIII coagulant of the von Willebrand plasmas had bound to the factor VIII-related antigen of the haemophilic plasmas. This finding supports the theory that factor VIII exists as a macromolecular complex of nonidentical components in normal citrated plasma. PMID- 6797462 TI - Serum ferritin from siderotic mice contains iron. PMID- 6797463 TI - Testicular function among epichlorohydrin workers. AB - Epichlorohydrin (1,2-epoxy-3-chloropropane) (ECH) is a colourless liquid used in the production of insecticides, agricultural chemicals, epoxy resins, and many other productions. It is highly reactive and an alkylating agent suspected of possessing carcinogenic properties in man. The results of a clinical epidemiological investigation to ascertain whether exposure to ECH may be associated with sperm count suppression among ECH production workers at two chemical plants are presented. Medical histories and physical examinations with special emphasis on the genitourinary tract were completed on each participant. Blood samples and three semen specimens were also obtained. Since no internal control group were available, the data arising from this effort were analysed for each plant (plant A, 44 men; plant B, 84 men) using a control group of 90 chemical plants workers unexposed to any agents known to be toxic to the tests who were included in previous studies. This study provides no evidence that exposure to ECH at the concentrations existing at the two plants studied is responsible for sperm count suppression. PMID- 6797464 TI - Availability of lysine in protein concentrates as determined by the slope-ratio assay with chicks and comparisons with rat, pig and chemical assays. AB - 1. A slope-ratio assay was developed to determine the availability of lysine in protein concentrates for chicks, Two protein concentrates were assessed per assay, using three levels of incorporation into the basal diet. 2. Availability of lysine, expressed as a proportion of total lysine in five protein concentrates was: cottonseed meal 0.83, fish meal 1.00, meat-and-bone meal 0.86, soya-bean meal 0.93, sunflower meal 1.01. 3. The five protein concentrates had previously been assayed for available lysine with slope-ratio assays for pigs and rats (Batterham et al. 1979. Batterham et al, 1981). There was little relationship between the results for chicks and those for pigs and rats. For pigs, availability estimates ranged from 0.43 for cottonseed meal to 0.89 for fish meal. For rats, availability estimates ranged from 0.49 for sunflower meal to 1.04 for fish meal. 4. The results for chicks were in closer agreement with values obtained using the Silcock available-lysine assay (Roach et al. 1967) and the direct 1-fluoro- 2,4-dinitrobenzene procedure (Carpenter, 1060). By contrast, there was little relationship between the chemical tests and results for pigs or rats. PMID- 6797465 TI - Synthesis and characterization of halogenated derivatives of the ionophore A23187: enhanced calcium ion transport specificity by the 4-bromo derivative. PMID- 6797466 TI - Stereochemistry of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate decarboxylase reaction: the first evidence for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent decarboxylation with inversion of configuration. AB - The stereochemistry of the decarboxylation of meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate catalyzed by meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.20) of Bacillus sphaericus was determined by stereochemical analyses of [6-2H]-L-lysine produced by the reaction in D2O. The product [6-2H]-L-lysine was converted to levorotatory methyl 5-phthalimido[5-2H]valerate by the reactions not affecting the absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom. By contrast, methyl 5 phthalimido[5-2H]valerate derived from [2,6-2H2]-L-lysine, which was produced from [2,6-2H2]diaminopimelate by decarboxylation in H2O, was dextrorotatory. The authentic methyl (R)-5-phthalimido[5-2H]valerate prepared from L-glutamate with glutamate decarboxylase was levorotatory. These results indicate that the meso alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate decarboxylase reaction proceeds in an inversion mode. The deuterium label in [6-2H]-L-lysine was fully conserved during the conversion into pelletierine through [1-2H]cadaverine by the stereospecific diamine oxidase reaction. Thus, the enzymatic decarboxylation of meso alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelate occurs with inversion of configuration in contrast to the other amino acid decarboxylase reported so far. PMID- 6797468 TI - An ultracentrifuge study of C-phycocyanin aggregation. AB - The molecular weight of C-phycocyanin has been determined as a function of protein concentration in a sodium acetate buffer solution of pH 4.8 at 21.2 degrees C by the Yphantis method. The higher aggregate, the dodecamer (19 S), is first removed by dissociation simply by dialysis against pH 3.9 acetate buffer solution. The molecular weight data are best interpreted by the simultaneous presence of monomers, trimers, and hexamers. Assuming a monomer K13 in equilibrium trimer K36 in equilibrium hexamer equilibrium system, the equilibrium constants have been calculated, and the values are K13 = 1.4 x 10(12) (L/mol)2 and K36 = 6.1 x 10(5) L/mol. The corresponding free energies for each step have been calculated to be -16.3 kcal/mol (delta G degrees 13) and -7.76 kcal/mol (delta G degrees 36). With these values of K13 and K36, the weight-average molecular weight as a function of concentration is calculated. Satisfactory agreement is obtained between the calculated curve and the experimental data. Sedimentation velocity studies performed with a band-forming centerpiece, on the same protein solutions used for the sedimentation equilibrium studies, confirm the presence of three species: monomers, trimers, and hexamers. PMID- 6797467 TI - Rat angiotensinogen and des(angiotensin I)angiotensinogen: purification, characterization, and partial sequencing. AB - Rat angiotensinogen was completely purified by a six-step procedure including (1) ammonium sulfate precipitation, (2) affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue, (3) chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, (4) chromatography on hydroxylapatite, (5) chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54, and (6) isoelectric focusing. Two peaks of pure angiotensinogen were obtained, distinguishable by their isoelectric points (4.55 and 4.75). Both contained 23 microgram of angiotensin I/mg of protein. Sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the peak with pI = 4.55 revealed two protein bands (respectively Mr 57000 and 59000) and a single protein band (Mr 57000) for the peak with pI = 4.75. The molecular weight of the latter homogeneous form, as determined by sedimentation equilibrium, was 55000. Only one immunoprecipitin line was observed when antiserum reacted with the heterogeneous angiotensinogen in Ouchterlony gels. The first 17 amino acids of the N-terminal region of the angiotensinogen with pI = 4.75 are reported. The amino acids in positions 10 and 11 which correspond to the renin cleavage site are leucyl-leucyl. The des(angiotensin I)angiotensinogen obtained after hydrolysis of angiotensinogen with pure mouse submaxillary gland renin was found to consist of a single protein band with an Mr of 56000 as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Only one N-terminal residue (leucyl) was obtained for this des(angiotensin I)angiotensinogen. These findings establish that renin only cleaves angiotensinogen at a single site. PMID- 6797469 TI - Negative cooperativity between folinic acid and coenzyme in their binding to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. AB - The binding of folinic acid (5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate) to Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase has been measured. The natural 6S, alpha S diastereoisomer has a binding constant of 1.3 (+/- 0.6) X 10(8) M-1 at pH 6.0, 25 degrees C; the 6R, alpha S diastereoisomer binds approximately 10(4)-fold more weakly. The natural diastereoisomer of folinic acid binds negatively cooperatively with the coenzymes NADP+ and NADPH, binding 3 times more weakly in the presence of NADP+ and 600 times more weakly in the presence of NADPH than to the enzyme alone. Negative cooperativity has been unequivocally distinguished from competition by measurements of coenzyme binding as a function of folinic acid concentration, of the effects of folinic acid on the 1H and 31P chemical shifts of the bound coenzyme, and of the effects of folinic acid on the coenzyme dissociation rate constant. The latter experiments also give evidence for the coexistence of two slowly interconverting conformational forms of the ternary enzyme-coenzyme-folinic acid complex. Small changes in structure of the oxidized coenzymes have substantial effects on the cooperativity with folinic acid, with the thionicotinamide analogue showing positive rather than negative cooperativity. The changes in environment of the bound coenzyme produced by folinic acid, as revealed by 1H and 31P NMR, demonstrate clearly that the negative cooperativity shown by NADP+ and NADPH, respectively, arises by two structurally distinct mechanisms. PMID- 6797470 TI - Interaction of alpha-dansylated peptide inhibitors with porcine pepsin: detection of complex formation by fluorescence energy transfer and chromatography and evidence for a two-step binding scheme. AB - Peptide inhibitors, specifically labeled at the alpha-amino terminus by dansylation, have been prepared by utilizing solid-phase peptide synthesis. Changes in fluorescence have been observed upon mixing these peptides with porcine pepsin that can be attributed to the formation of at least two complexes. Energy transfer between tryptophan residues of the protein and the dansyl group of the inhibitors has been detected by the unique excitation spectra generated. The kinetics of formation of the second complex can be correlated with inhibition of the catalytic activity of pepsin. Evidence for complex formation has also been obtained from gel filtration experiments using the fluorescent peptides. PMID- 6797471 TI - Activation of intrinsic blood coagulation by ellagic acid: insoluble ellagic acid metal ion complexes are the activating species. PMID- 6797472 TI - Thermal adaptation of Tetrahymena membranes with special reference to mitochondria. Role of cardiolipin in fluidity of mitochondrial membranes. AB - During temperature acclimation of Tetrahymena pyriformis, the changes in fluidity and composition of total lipids from three membrane fractions, mitochondria, pellicles and microsomes were studied by a spin-label technique using a stearate probe and thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The increase of fluidity observed in microsomal and pellicular lipids following the temperature shift from 39 to 15 degrees C corresponds with the increase of the ratio of total unsaturated to saturated fatty acid content. However, despite the increase of this ratio, the fluidity of mitochondrial lipids was found to be constant up to 10 h after the temperature shift. The fluidity of total lipids of mitochondria isolated from Tetrahymena cells grown at 39 degrees C was not changed by removal of cardiolipin, whereas cardiolipin-depleted lipids of mitochondria from 15 degrees C-acclimated cells showed a decrease in fluidity. The re-addition of cardiolipin to the mitochondrial lipids depleted of cardiolipin restored the fluidity to the initial level, thereby confirming the rigidifying effect of cardiolipin in cold-acclimated cells. These results suggest that cardiolipin may be implicated in maintaining consistent fluidity of mitochondrial membranes against change in thermal environment. PMID- 6797473 TI - Human erythrocyte galactosyltransferase. Characterization, membrane association and sidedness of active site. AB - Human erythrocyte UDPgalactose : 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D galactopyranosylpeptide galactose beta(1 lead to 3) transferase (Galactosyltransferase) has been characterized in terms of detergent and metal ion requirements. Michaelis constants for donor and acceptor substrates, inhibition constant for N-acetylgalactosamine, pH optimum and ionic strength effects. The assay thus optimized permits initial velocity measurements. Galactosyltransferase was shown to be membrane-bound by demonstrating its association with erythrocyte ghosts after high and low ionic strength treatments to remove weakly-associated proteins. In the absence of detergents, no activity was detectable in sealed ghosts and inside-out vesicles derived from erythrocyte membranes. Enzyme activation by detergents paralleled solubilization of membrane proteins. Both latency and solubilization studies indicated a substrate inaccessible active site for the enzyme in situ in the membrane. Galactosyltransferase activity in resealed ghosts, leaky ghosts and inside-out vesicles was resistant to the action of trypsin, chymotrypsin or pronase applied as single agents. A mixture of these proteases, however, strongly reduced the enzyme activity in inside-out vesicles and leaky ghosts, indicating a cytosolic orientation for the active site of the galactosyltransferase. PMID- 6797474 TI - Location of functional -SH groups in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase from rabbit liver microsomes. AB - The total -SH content of purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase (NADPH: ferricytochrome oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.4) from rabbit liver microsomes accessible to an excess equivalent of PCMB was 7.0 +/- 0.3 mol thiol groups/mol protein. The modification of four -SH groups at low concentration of PCMB stimulated the activity of the enzyme. On the other hand, further blocking of -SH groups (6-7 mol -SH groups/Mol protein) with an excess amount of PCMB completely inhibited cytochrome c (or DCPI) reductase activity. The fluorescence quenching of the flavin was rapidly removed by binding of PCMB to a fifth and sixth -SH group during a gradual titration. Kinetic and fluorimetric analyses confirmed the suggestion that these two -SH groups essential for catalytic function were partly protected by NADP+ or 2'-AMP against the reaction with PCMB. Excess PCMB begins to compete with the ligand preincubated with the enzyme. The spectral perturbation on the addition of approx. 6-7 equiv. PCMB/mol enzyme is accompanied by a slight blue shift of the absorbance maximum at 380 nm, with the appearance of a pronounced shoulder at 475 nm. In contrast to the native enzyme, 3-electron reduced semiquinone form of PCMB-treated enzyme showed the same absorption spectrum as 1-electron-reduced semiquinone which has an absorption maximum at 585 nm with a broad shoulder around 635 nm. An inhibitory effect may be attributable to the fact that NADPH is less accessible to the FAD binding site as well as the pyridine nucleotide binding site, since the rate of FAD reduction becomes extremely slow after complete modification. PMID- 6797476 TI - In vivo incorporation of selenalysine in Escherichia coli proteins and its effects on cell growth. AB - The presence of selenalysine in the culture medium at concentration ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 mM inhibits Escherichia coli growth rate and cell viability. The inhibition of cell growth rate can be imputed to the inhibition of protein synthesis and can be only partially reverted by lysine. Selenalysine is incorporated into cellular proteins in substitution of and in competition with lysine, reaching the value of about 1% as molar fraction with respect to the total amino acids, and substituting up to 14% of protein lysine. The effect of selenalysine on cell viability can be correlated to the extent of its incorporation into proteins, and can be completely reverted by lysine. However, substitution up to 5% of protein lysine by selenalysine does not affect the viability, thus indicating that some degree of substitution can be well tolerated by the cell. PMID- 6797475 TI - Study on the role of tyrosine side-chains at the active centre of emulsin beta-D glucosidase. AB - The role of exposed tyrosine side-chains in enzyme-catalyzed reaction by sweet almond emulsin beta-D-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) has been studied using N-acetylimidazole as the specific reagent. The changes in activity, binding affinity and kinetic parameters (Km, V) as a result of acetylation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups have been determined. The acetylation increased the Km values of both beta-glucosidase and beta-galactosidase activities, whereas V remained unchanged. Similarly, the binding affinity for immobilized phenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside decreased appreciably. After the removal of the acetyl groups the enzyme regained 96% of the original activity. It is concluded that the tyrosine moieties, located in the active centre of the enzyme, have both glucoside and galactoside binding functions. PMID- 6797477 TI - Turnover of mouse intestinal brush border membrane proteins and enzymes in organ culture. A direct evaluation from studies on the evolution of enzyme activities during the culture. AB - The turnover of mouse intestinal brush border membrane enzymes has been studied by kinetic analysis of the evolution of enzyme activities during organ culture. By comparing the results obtained in these studies with the predictions from a mathematical model of enzyme synthesis and degradation in organ cultures, it has been possible to reach the following conclusions: (1) There is no degradation of brush border membrane enzymes during culture and the rate of synthesis of each enzyme is directly measurable from the kinetics of total enzyme accumulation (tissue + media). (2) Brush border membrane enzymes are released in culture media by two complementary processes. The first one involves a differential solubilization of enzymes but its exact nature cannot be exactly stated. The second one involves a microvesiculation of brush border membranes, the importance of which in vivo is seen in the possible conciliation between urinary membrane synthesis and heterogeneous turnover of membrane components. PMID- 6797478 TI - Red cell lysis induced by microorganisms as a case of superoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent hemolysis mediated by oxyhemoglobin. AB - Some bacteria, isolated from the blood of hospitalized patients, have been shown to hemolyze red blood cells through a mechanism which was dependent on the oxygenated state of intracellular hemoglobin, since transformation of hemoglobin into the CO-derivative inhibited the lysis. Hemolysis was also inhibited by superoxide dismutase and catalase, while only catalase prevented the formation of methemoglobin in experiments where isolated oxyhemoglobin was exposed to metabolizing bacteria. Production by bacteria of extracellular superoxide was demonstrated. It is suggested that hemolysis is due to interaction of O-2 and/or H2O2 with intracellular hemoglobin and that some product of such interaction is the lytic agent. PMID- 6797479 TI - [Kinetics of peroxidase recombination with carbon dioxide in the +20 to -70 degree C temperature interval]. AB - Using flash photolysis, horseradish peroxidase rebinding of carbon monoxide has been observed in the temperature range between 20 and -70 degrees C. A lag-period of about 50 ms immediately after photodissociation takes place. This lag-period is assumed to be due to the formation of the intermediate protein form with the low reactivity. Following rebinding is bimolecular process with the rate constant 4 x 10(3) M-1 S-1 usually observed for the peroxidase reaction with carbon monoxide. For some peroxidase molecules (about 10 per cent) rebinding of carbon monoxide is CO-concentration independent monomolecular process, which implies, apparently, ligands in these molecules do not leave the protein after photodissociation. PMID- 6797480 TI - [Effect of M-protein reconstructed actomyosin]. PMID- 6797481 TI - [Nucleomeric organization of chromatin]. AB - Chromatin in the nuclei fixed in tissue and in the nuclei isolated by low ionic strength solutions in the presence of Mg2+ is represented by globular (nucleomeric) fibrils, 20-25 nm in diameter. The staphylococcal or endogenous nuclear nuclease splits the chromatin fibrils resulting in fragments corresponding to nucleomers and their multimers. Upon removal of firmly bound Mg2+ the nucleomers unfold to form chains consisting of 4-6-8 nucleosomes. Mild hydrolysis of nuclear chromatin by staphylococcal nuclease results in a split-off of mono-, di- and trimers of nucleomers sedimenting in a sucrose density gradient in the presence of EDTA as particles with the sedimentation coefficients of 37, 47 and 55S, respectively. The sedimentation coefficient for the mononucleomer in a sucrose density gradient with MgCl2 is 45S. Determination of the length of DNA fragments of chromatin split-off by staphylococcal nuclease showed that the nucleomer consists of 8 nucleosomes, while the dimer and trimer of the nucleomer consists of 14-16 and 21-24 nucleosomes, respectively. The nucleomeric monomer undergoes structural transition from the compact (45S) to the "loose" state (37S) after removal of Mg2+. This transition is completely reversible, when the nucleomer contains histone H1. The removal of the latter or dialysis of the nucleomer against EDTA in low ionic strength solutions results in a complete unfolding of the nucleomer into a nucleosomal chain fragment. A model for the nucleomer fibril structure in which the helical organization of the nucleosomal chain in the nucleomer (2 turns with 4 nucleosomes in each) is alternated with the impaired helical bonds between the nucleomers is discussed. The functional significance of the nucleomeric organization of chromatin may be an additional restriction of the site-specific recognition of DNA in chromatin with the possibility of local (at the level of one nucleomer) changes in chromatin conformation excluding this restriction. PMID- 6797482 TI - [Effect of solubilization by methylethylketone of rat liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase on inhibition by clorgyline and deprenyl of the enzyme activity]. AB - A comparative study of the inhibitory effect of clorgyline and deprenyl on serotonin, beta-phenylethylamine and tyramine deamination by intact mitochondria as well as by solubilized with methylethylketone and partially purified monoamine oxidase (MAO) from rat liver was carried out. The effect of 4-ethylpyridine on this process was investigated. After solubilization of MAO by methylethylketone 7% of mitochondrial activity passes into solution and the rate of deamination of serotonin, tyramine and beta-phenylethylamine by soluble MAO preparation is selectively decreased. The corresponding residual activities are equal to 29, 63, 86 and 92%. The inhibitory effect of clorgyline on serotonin deamination by soluble MAO preparations is considerably lower than that by mitochondrial suspensions at the concentrations of the inhibitor from 1 x 10(-4) to 1 x 10(-7) M, while the inhibitory action of clorgyline on tyramine deamination after MAO solubilization by methylethylketone is increased at 10(-4) and 10(-5) M, but decreased insignificantly at 10(-6) and 10(-7) M. When solubilized MAO preparations are used, 4-ethylpyridine introduced into the sample before or after preincubation of the enzyme with clorgyline (30 min, 23 degrees) eliminates the inhibitory action of the latter on serotonin and tyramine deamination, thus suggesting the reversibility of the inhibitory effect of clorgyline. In similar experiments with mitochondrial suspensions the inhibition by clorgyline of deamination of these amines is irreversible. Similar experiments on mitochondrial suspensions showed that clorgyline irreversibly inhibits the deamination of these amines. The rate of inhibition by deprenyl of beta-phenylethylamine oxidation due to MAO solubilization by methylethylketone is not changed. 4-Ethylpyridine added to the samples before or after preincubation of deprenyl with the enzyme (30 min, 23 degrees) abolishes the inhibiting effect of the former both in soluble MOA and in mitochondrial suspensions. This suggests that under the given experimental conditions the inhibiting effect of deprenyl is reversible. Possible nature of MAO forms A and B is discussed. PMID- 6797483 TI - [Membrane potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa spheroplasts having a cyanide resistant respiration]. AB - The membrane potential (delta psi) of Ps. aeruginosa spheroplasts was measured by a hydrophobic cation--tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) under conditions of simultaneous and separate action of the main respiratory chain and cyanide resistant oxidase. In all cases, oxidation of endogenous substrates by spheroplasts was followed by generation of a membrane potential of the value of 127--156 mv. An addition of 1 mM cyanide did not practically affect the potential value. The discharge of the potential was attained by further addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) or valinomycin. The oxidation of the substrates added by the main respiratory chain was accompanied by an additional increase in the potential by 20--30 mv. In this case, an addition of cyanide decreased the potential by the same value. Oxidation of all substrates, except for TMPD+ ascorbate under conditions of functioning of cyanide-resistant oxidase also increased the potential by 15--50 mv. However, in this case cyanide did not practically affect the increase of the potential. The gain in the potential under TMPD + ascorbate oxidation by cyanide-resistant spheroplasts is prevented by cyanide. A question is discussed as to whether the transfer of reducing equivalents directly via cyanide-resistant oxidase is associated with the generation of a membrane potential or its functioning is not connected with the accumulation of energy in the form available for the cell. PMID- 6797484 TI - [Immunochemical study of catalytic activity of cytochrome P-450-LM4 from rabbit liver microsomes]. AB - Immunization of rats by a homogeneous cytochrome P-450-LM4 from liver microsomes of rabbits pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene resulted in antibodies to this hemoprotein - anti-P-450-LM4. Using the Ouchterlony method, a reaction of precipitation of anti-P-450-LM4 with cytochrome P-450-LM4 from MeCh- and PB induced microsomes of rabbit liver has been carried out. The anti-P-450-LM4 at different concentrations does not practically exert any inhibitory action on oxidation of aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline by intact and PB- and MeCh-induced rabbit hepatic microsomes. It is concluded that rabbit liver cytochrome P-450-LM4 does not practically reveal any catalytic activity in ther metabolism of aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline. PMID- 6797485 TI - Influence of drugs on the bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity and the concentration of Y and Z acceptor proteins in rat liver. AB - The aim of this paper is to report on the influence of phenobarbital, the combination of phenobarbital/nikethamide, the racemate and (+) isomer of methylphenobarbital on the activity of bilirubin UDP-glucuronyltransferase and the concentration of intrahepatic Y and Z protein in rats. The activity of bilirubin DP-glucuronyltransferase increased after the treatment in all groups. Pretreatment with phenobarbital/nikethamide resulted in the highest enzyme activity, using wet weight as reference. (+) Methylphenobarbital isomer as well as the racemate showed effects similar to those of phenobarbital. The concentration of hepatic Y acceptor protein increased in all pretreated groups by about 30%. The drugs did not increase the concentration of Z protein. The (+) isomer of methylphenobarbital seems better suited as an inductive drug in the prophylaxis of hyperbilirubinemia and in the treatment of nonconjugated hyperbilirubinemia than phenobarbital or phenobarbital/nikethamide since it has no sedative effect. PMID- 6797486 TI - Influence of variations in pH and PCO2 on scalp tissue oxygen tension and carotid arterial oxygen tension in the fetal lamb. AB - A description is given of the effect of hypercapnic acidaemia and hypocapnic alkalaemia on scalp tissue PO2 as measured with a subcutaneous needle-electrode and a transcutaneous electrode in 6 fetal lambs. The experiments were carried out under general anaesthesia with the fetus kept in utero. Hypocapnia was induced by hyperventilating the ewe and hypercapnia was achieved by administering extra CO2 to the ewe. Fetal carotid arterial, subcutaneous and transcutaneous PO2 were continuously recorded, and fetal and maternal arterial pH and arterial PCO2 were determined from blood samples taken at short intervals. In each experiment the H+ Bohr factor of fetal and maternal blood was measured. During hypocapnic alkalaemia, there was a fall in all fetal PO2 levels, whereas a marked rise was observed during hypercapnic acidaemia. The variations in fetal PO2 observed in vivo even exceeded the variations due to the H+ Bohr effect (measured in vitro). This was due to small variations in fetal carotid arterial oxygen saturation, which tended to fall during hypocapnic alkalaemia and to rise during hypercapnic acidaemia. The results of these findings strongly suggest that tissue PO2, as measured with the subcutaneous and transcutaneous electrodes, is dependent on the H+ Bohr effect. This adds to the uncertainty as to the value of subcutaneous and transcutaneous PO2 monitoring during labour as an early warning system for impending fetal asphyxia. PMID- 6797487 TI - The extracerebral dopamine antagonist domperidone block the suppressive effect of bromocriptine on prolactin and TSH secretion in man. AB - The effects of a single oral dose of 2.5 mg bromocriptine on serum level of TSH and prolactin were studied in a group of normal male subjects. Bromocriptine effectively inhibited basal TSH and prolactin concentration as well as the prolactin and TSH response to TRH given 4 hours later. The prior administration of the extracerebral dopamine antagonist domperidone reversed the endocrine effects of bromocriptine. The results suggest that dopamine receptors located at the pituitary may regulate TSH (and prolactin) release in man. PMID- 6797488 TI - [Production of antibodies to a specific estrogen-binding protein of rat liver and study of the reaction between isolated immunoprecipitates and estradiol]. AB - High-selective antiserum (AS) against unusual estrogen-binding protein (UEBP) from male rat liver was obtained according to the following technique: 1) immunization of the rabbits by partially purified UEBP and isolation of polyspecific AS; 2) depletion of the latter AS by the UEBP-free fraction of female rat liver proteins prepared under the conditions similar to those employed in the procedure for isolation of the UEBP preparation. High specificity of depleted AS for UEBP was demonstrated by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and agar-gel electrophoresis of UEBP and by the detected specific estradiol (E2) binding capacity of immunoprecipitates obtained after the reaction of depleted AS with partially purified UEBP. Analysis of E2-binding activity of immunoprecipitates may be used for the discovery of UEBP antibodies in the polyspecific AS. PMID- 6797489 TI - [Morphologic and biochemical changes in the lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues of rats with Zajdela hepatoma]. AB - The growth of allogeneic ascites hepatoma is accompanied by involution of the thymus, leukemoid response and anemia. Tumor cells disseminate throughout the body appearing in many organs including the spleen, liver, bone marrow and lymph nodes. The activity of adenosine deaminase and the adenosine deaminase/purine nucleosidephosphorylase ratio decrease in the host thymus as well as in the cellular elements of the spleen. The above phenomena reflect the impairment of lymphocyte differentiation and presumably contribute to the decreased efficiency of the host immune response. PMID- 6797491 TI - Pseudothrombocytopenia: an immunologic study on platelet antibodies dependent on ethylene diamine tetra-acetate. AB - Antibodies specifically reacting with platelets only in the presence of EDTA, by the platelet immunofluorescence test, were found in the serum of 20 patients with pseudothrombocytopenia due to in vitro EDTA-dependent platelet agglutination. These antibodies reacted optimally at 0-4 degree C. In 19 patients, IgG antibodies were detected; in 8 patients, IgM or IgA antibodies were also found. In one patient, only IgM antibodies were found. In 14 patients, the IgG antibodies were IgG1, but IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 antibodies were also seen in 7 patients. The reaction of platelets with the antibodies was detectable in the presence of Na2EDTA, the K, Ca, and Mg salts of EDTA, and K2EGTA. F(ab')2 or F(ab') fragments of the IgG antibodies reached as strongly as the intact antibodies, indicating that the reaction is dependent on the antibody-combining site. The EDTA-dependent antibodies did not show platelet-group specificity. However, platelets from patients with Glanzmann disease did not react with the antibodies. PMID- 6797490 TI - [Inhibition of the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- and N nitrosomethylurea-induced mammary gland neoplasms by methionine in rats]. AB - The diets supplemented with 0.5% methionine inhibited the development of mammary adenocarcinomas induced in female rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and N nitrosomethylurea by 3.8 and 2.3 times, respectively. Methionine produced no effect on the incidence of other new-growths. It is suggested that the mechanism by which methionine exerts an antineoplastic effect on mammary carcinomas is a consequence of its hypolipidemic and neurotropic activity. PMID- 6797492 TI - [Therapeutic efficiency of adriamycin in mice, bearing transplanted or autochthonous solid tumors. Drug and fluorescent metabolites plasmatic levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797493 TI - Concomitant changes in function tests, breathing pattern And PaCO2 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - 151 ambulatory male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been studied twice, at time intervals ranging from 2 to 36 months (average : 11), to determine the relationships between changes in lung function tests, pattern of breathing and arterial PCO2. This longitudinal analysis confirms the results of cross-sectional studies: variations in PaCO2 seem independent of the evolution of lung function tests (FEV1, VC, FEV1/VC, RV/TLC). Increases in PaCO2 are associated with a decrease in tidal volume and no change in respiratory frequency. These changes in breathing pattern result in a decreased minute ventilation and an increased VD/VT ratio. PMID- 6797494 TI - Some effects of chemical irritants on the membrane of the giant amoeba. AB - 1 The effects of chemical irritants on the membrane potential and input resistance of the giant amoeba, Chaos carolinense, have been investigated. The membrane potential and input resistance were -111.5 mV and 8.6 M pi respectively. 2 In the resting state the cell membrane of Chaos carolinense was found to be impermeable to Na+ but permeable to K+. The distribution of K+ across the cell membrane conformed to a Donnan equilibrium with the resting membrane potential being the K+ equilibrium potential. 3 The chemical irritants dibenzoxazepine and its 2-chloro- and 3-chloro-analogues and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile produced a fall in input resistance but no change in membrane potential. It is suggested that these effects are caused by an increase in K+ permeability. 4 The potencies of a series of chemical irritants with respect to dibenzoxazepine were measured on the giant amoeba. These potencies did not reflect those found in mammalian preparations. PMID- 6797497 TI - Beware the "simple" fibular fracture (a clue for severe unstable ankle injury. PMID- 6797496 TI - Exertion injuries in female athletes. AB - Because sports injuries in men form most of the available statistics, the reportage of injuries in female athletes is sparse. We describe exertion injuries and disorders in 281 women athletes, all of which hampered athletic training or performances. Sixty per cent of the injuries occurred to girls ages between 12-19 years, and about forty-eight per cent were track and field athletes. The most common sites of injury were the ankle, foot, heel and leg. Osteochondritic disorders were the most typical injuries in the series, and the chronic medical tibial syndrome was the injury that needed surgical treatment most frequently. Overuse injuries seem to differ very little from each other in the events included in this survey. PMID- 6797498 TI - High resolution air CT meatography: the demonstration of normal and abnormal structures in the cerebello-pontine cistern and internal auditory meatus. PMID- 6797499 TI - Effect of variation in the energy spectrum of a cyclotron-produced fast neutron beam in a phantom relevant to its application in radiotherapy. AB - The fast neutron spectrum of the beam produced by the MRC cyclotron at the Hammersmith Hospital has been measured in air and at several depths in a water phantom using three field sizes. The neutron spectra were determined both by a set of six threshold detectors and by a liquid scintillator spectrometer. Where a direct comparison of the two methods was possible the agreement was satisfactory. It was found that the shape of the spectrum, above 3 MeV, is unchanged with depth in the phantom, but for each field size the neutron fluence between 0.5 and 3.5 MeV increases significantly and reaches a maximum and the mean energy a minimum. This minimum decreases with increase in field size. Values of the kerma ratio in ICRU muscle to both that in A--150 plastic and bone were calculated and found to vary by less than 0.5% with depth in the phantom: that of carbon to ICRU muscle varied by 5%, and values of W for methane-based tissue-equivalent gas were found to change by less than 1%. Variations in biological response with changes in neutron spectrum are also discussed, together with the clinical significance of the results. PMID- 6797500 TI - The influence of renal prostaglandins on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and calcium excretion in urolithiasis. AB - In a clinical study of 275 idiopathic stone formers the GFR was significantly raised in hypercalciuric patients compared with normal controls P less than 0.001). The possibility that the mechanism underlying hypercalciuria and raised GFR may be prostaglandin-mediated was considered because it is now well established that prostaglandins regulate intra-renal haemodynamics and influence tubular electrolyte excretion. Experiments were performed in conscious Sprague Dawley rats to determine the changes in calcium and sodium excretion following prostaglandin synthetase inhibition with indomethacin. Both calcium and sodium excretion together with urine flow were significantly reduced (P less than 0.002). Further experiments were performed in anaesthetised monkeys (Macacca fascicularis) to see if the inhibitory effect of indomethacin was reversible. Exogenous prostaglandin (PGE2) infusion resulted in a marked calciuretic response without producing changes in GFR or blood pressure. Selected hypercalciuric patients were treated with indomethacin, which resulted in a significant fall in urinary calcium excretion (P less than 0.001). This clinical and experimental study suggests that PGE2 is the hormone which determines the renal handling of calcium by controlling renal tubular function. PMID- 6797501 TI - Early multiple-dose adjuvant thiotepa in the control of multiple and rapid T1 tumour neogenesis. AB - In 45 patients each with a well established and constant pattern of widespread tumor neogenesis following cystodiathermy, early multiple dose adjuvant thiotepa was used in an effort to control the tumours. The response was good in 32 patients as judged by the reduction in the number of new tumours and by the downgrading and downstaging of new lesions when compared with pre-thiotepa histology. Continuing maintenance therapy was required in the majority but, with the passage of time, the dosage could be progressively reduced, suggesting a cumulative effect of treatment. Of 13 non-responders, 7 showed evidence of higher than average malignant potential against which thiotepa appears ineffective. The timing of administration is probably a key factor in success and one which accounts for much of the variation in reported results. PMID- 6797503 TI - Central nervous mechanisms related to feeding and appetite. PMID- 6797495 TI - Differential effects of ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol on contractile tension of and on sodium and calcium efflux from frog heart ventricular strips. AB - 1 The efflux, from heart ventricular strips of Rana pipiens, of sodium ((22)Na) and calcium ((45)Ca) was measured simultaneously.2(22)Na efflux could be resolved into two first order kinetic components: k(I) = 0.105 min(-1), thought to represent efflux from the extracellular space, and k(II) = 0.0182 min(-1) representing efflux from the cells.3(45)Ca efflux was also resolved into an extracellular component, k(I) = 0.1216 min(-1); and an intracellular one, k(II) = 0.0102 min(-1). (45)Ca k(II) was greatly increased by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), but unchanged by caffeine. This suggests that it represents a mitochondrial calcium compartment.4(22)Na k(II) was not changed by DNP. This indicates that, at the time of DNP addition, (22)Na was passively bound to undefined intracellular components.5 Ouabain (10(-6) M) decreased (45)Ca efflux (k(II)) initially but at later periods slightly increased it. The former effect is thought to be due to an action at the plasma membrane level, while the latter probably represents an increased exchangeability of mitochondrial calcium. The same effects were always found when ouabain was applied at different times of strip superfusion.6 Ouabain (0.25 to 4 muM) did not decrease the k(II) of (22)Na efflux. Kinetic reasons are presented which indicate that, in this preparation, the activity of the sodium pump may be too fast to be measured by means of (22)Na efflux, therefore these findings do not necessarily mean that ouabain does not inhibit active sodium transport.7 The time course of the inotropic effect of ouabain was also studied in ventricular strips of Rana pipiens heart that were stimulated at 0.2 Hz with biphasic, 2 ms pulses of supramaximal intensity, and incubated in Ringer solution containing 1.1 mM calcium, or in ;calcium-free' Ringer (residual calcium: 5.2 muM), or in ;calcium-free' Ringer with 0.1 mM of the calcium chelator ethyleneglycol bis (beta-aminoethylether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA).8 In Ringer, the inotropic effect of ouabain was already observed at 5-10 s after steroid addition, even with the lowest concentration tested (0.25 muM), while signs of toxicity appeared only after 15 min in 4 muM ouabain, the highest concentration used.9 When the strips were incubated in ;calcium-free' Ringer solution, force of contraction decayed to 1-2% of that in 1.1 mM calcium. Addition of 4 muM ouabain to these hypodynamic strips led to a progressive increase in contractile force of up to 300%, that started after a 50 s latency period. No signs of toxicity were observed.10 Incubation of the strips in EGTA Ringer also reduced contractile force to about 2% of that in Ringer, and 4 muM ouabain also increased force of contraction by approximately the same amount as seen in ;calcium-free' Ringer, but the effect began after a 10 min latency period. The concentration of calcium ion (Ca(2+)) in the extracellular space of strips incubated in EGTA-Ringer, was approximately 800 fold lower than in Ringer, and 60 fold lower than in ;calcium-free' Ringer solution.11 Caffeine (20 mM) induced, in strips previously incubated for 1 h in 4.4 mM calcium Ringer solution plus 10(-6) M ouabain, a marked initial contracture, that relaxed spontaneously, and was followed by slow waves of contracture. This was not observed if the strips were incubated, prior to caffeine, in 4.4 mM calcium Ringer without ouabain, or in 1.1 mM calcium Ringer solution that contained 10(-6) M ouabain.12 Based on these findings, a hypothesis that can explain the inotropic effect of cardioactive steroids is presented. PMID- 6797502 TI - Surgical approach to corrosive injuries of the stomach. AB - The surgical management of corrosive injuries of the stomach has not yet been clearly defined. This work analyses the results achieved with a surgical protocol included in a new therapeutic approach. This approach applied to 111 consecutive patients was based upon three points: (a) early fibroscopic examination, (b) protection of severe burns by total parenteral nutrition and (c) reparative surgery in the complete healing phase. The stomach was involved in 89 per cent of the 93 cases with proved gastrointestinal lesions; gastric lesions were isolated in 42 per cent of cases. The frequency of gastric involvement is partly related to the type of product ingested; the intensity of lesions is correlated with the quantity and the concentration of corrosive products. After a 3-month total parenteral nutrition period, reparative surgery can be performed without local complications in severe cases. Limited resections of the stomach must then be preferred when possible. In cases with total involvement bypass techniques can be carried out. Indications for early surgery are not yet well defined. PMID- 6797504 TI - Motor control. PMID- 6797505 TI - Hormones and human sexual behaviour. PMID- 6797506 TI - Old men forget. PMID- 6797507 TI - Alcoholic heart disease. PMID- 6797508 TI - Mechanical intestinal obstruction. PMID- 6797509 TI - Surgical management of syringomyelia. PMID- 6797510 TI - Adult acute leukaemia: prospects for cure. PMID- 6797511 TI - Brittle diabetes: long-term control with a portable, continuous, intravenous insulin infusion system. AB - A young woman had severe brittle diabetes mellitus that was critically unmanageable with all conventional insulin treatment. Continuous subcutaneous and intramuscular infusions of insulin also failed to control her metabolic instability. Use of a continuous intravenous infusion, however, whereby a portable, variable-rate, battery-operated syringe pump delivered insulin through a subcutaneously tunnelled central venous catheter, resulted in good control. When she was receiving hourly intramuscular insulin injections (a mean of 778 IU daily) mean blood glucose concentrations had been 22.1 +/- 1.4 mmol/l (398 +/- 25 mg/100 microliters). After she had received the intravenous infusion for one month as an outpatient mean blood glucose concentration was 8.2 +/- 0.46 mmol/l (148 +/- 8 mg/100 microliters) and only 80 IU insulin daily was required. Follow up after over five months of use showed that few complications had occurred. The system is simple to use and safe, and the diabetes had been stabilised such that she could enjoy a near-normal life style. PMID- 6797512 TI - Variation in response to cytotoxicity of cigarette smoke. AB - The cytotoxic effect of cigarette smoke condensate on human polymorphs was investigated in vitro by the method of vital dye exclusion. Exposure to 1/800 of the smoke from one high-tar cigarette killed a detectable proportion of a population of 10(6) cells. The response among the cells from 40 healthy people varied widely, the percentage of dead cells ranging from 3% to 66% and from 17% to 87% at exposure levels of 125 micrograms and 250 micrograms cigarette smoke condensate respectively. Differences in individuals' responses were reproducible and unrelated to age or sex or smoking habit. The cells from 10 patients with irreversible obstructive airways disease and probable emphysema were significantly more sensitive than those from 10 patients with no respiratory disability matched for age and smoking habits. Genetically influenced variation in cellular response to cytotoxicity may be an important determinant of the risk of developing emphysema among smokers. PMID- 6797513 TI - Comparison between emission and transmission computed tomography of the liver. AB - Emission computed tomography (emission CT) and conventional planar gamma-camera imaging of the liver were compared in 242 patients with suspected metastatic spread to liver. Concordant data were obtained in 171 patients (71%). Single large lesions, multiple small lesions, and diffuse disease were accurately defined with this new radionuclide tomographic technique. The smallest lesion detected by emission CT was 8 mm. Emission CT, planar gamma-camera imaging, and transmission (x-ray) CT were compared in 107 patients. All three methods gave identical results in 76 patients (71%). Assessed against other criteria, such as histological findings and follow-up data, emission CT yielded the highest range of accuracy (92-96%), while transmission CT and planar gamma-camera imaging had similar but lower accuracies (78-81%). Emission CT had a false-positive rate of 2.8% and a false-negative rate of less than 1%. Thus emission CT is highly sensitive in detecting space-occupying disease in the liver. PMID- 6797514 TI - Another smoking hazard: raised serum IgE concentration and increased risk of occupational allergy. AB - Individual smoking histories of a general population sample and of two groups of workers exposed to occupational allergens were related to serum IgE concentrations and results of radioallergosorbent and prick tests in the workers. The geometric mean IgE concentration was higher in smokers than in non-smokers. The distribution of serum IgE values in the two groups showed an apparent difference, with a bimodal appearance in the smokers. Evidence of sensitisation against occupational allergens was more common in workers who smoked. The adjuvant effect of smoking on IgE antibody production might be due to damage to airways mucosa and supports the mucosal theory of atopy. PMID- 6797515 TI - Fracture of neck of the femur: changing incidence. AB - From 1959 to 1977 the numbers of hospital admissions for fracture of the neck of the femur increased by a factor of 2.7. Detailed analysis of data from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry for 1968-77 showed that the increase applied to both sexes and at all ages over 45. The true incidence rate increased in parallel with the admission rate, and only a small part of the increased number of admissions was explained by the increasing numbers of the elderly. The increasing incidence of fracture of the neck of the femur imposes great strain on hospital resources, particularly trauma and orthopaedic departments, and merits urgent investigation. An explanation for the increase might be that the experience of one demand-led condition characterises a greater need for health care among the elderly for other conditions. PMID- 6797516 TI - Aspiration around high-volume, low-pressure endotracheal cuff. PMID- 6797517 TI - Laburnum "poisoning". PMID- 6797518 TI - Intravenous feeding to sustain pregnancy in patient with Crohn's disease. PMID- 6797519 TI - Pittsburgh pneumonia agent and legionellosis in Nottingham. PMID- 6797520 TI - Organising a practice. The single-handed doctor. PMID- 6797521 TI - Paying general practitioners. Salaried service--a basis for the future? PMID- 6797522 TI - Paying general practitioners. No future for a salaried service. PMID- 6797523 TI - Emergencies in the home. Organising and training for emergencies. PMID- 6797524 TI - Interpretation of the contraindications to whooping cough vaccination. AB - The official recommendations on the contraindications to whooping cough immunisation are currently couched in general terms. The results of a simple inquiry made to directors of public health laboratories, general paediatriciains, paediatric neurologists, medical officers, general practitioners, and health visitors to see how they would interpret the contraindications in certain specific cases suggest that there is considerable uncertainty on how the contraindications should be interpreted. This is probably one factor responsible for the fall in the rate of whooping cough immunisation in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6797525 TI - My student elective. Massachusetts General Hospital. PMID- 6797526 TI - The six diseases of WHO. Leishmaniasis. PMID- 6797527 TI - ABC of alcohol. Definitions. PMID- 6797529 TI - Lithium treatment and preoperative fluid deprivation. PMID- 6797528 TI - The habitual drunken offender: everybody's fool, nobody's friend. PMID- 6797531 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and liver disease. PMID- 6797532 TI - Diabetes, intrauterine devices, and fibrinolysis. PMID- 6797530 TI - Cerebral blood flow and blood viscosity in patients with polycythaemia secondary to hypoxic lung disease. PMID- 6797533 TI - Gonadotrophin and the human secondary sex ratio. PMID- 6797534 TI - Subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 6797535 TI - Charitable organisations in medical research. PMID- 6797536 TI - Immunodiagnosis in parasitic disease. PMID- 6797537 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A study was conducted to find whether a deficiency in prostacyclin (prostaglandin I2; PGI2) is implicated in the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Plasma samples from two patients with the disease before treatment and from 22 healthy controls were therefore assayed for concentrations of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, the stable metabolites of PGI2 and thromboxane A2, respectively. Neither of the patients responded to treatment, which in one case included an infusion of PGI2. Both patients had normal concentrations of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, thus implying that circulating amounts of PGI2 and thromboxane A2 were also normal. These findings suggest that 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha may be detectable in normal amounts in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and that the condition need not be associated with a high concentration of thromboxane A2. PMID- 6797538 TI - A relation between high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and bile cholesterol saturation. AB - The association of cholesterol gall stones with coronary artery disease is controversial. To investigate this possible relation at the biochemical level, bile cholesterol saturation and the plasma concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol) were measured in 25 healthy, middle-aged women. Bile cholesterol saturation index was negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. It was positively correlated with plasma triglycerides and with total cholesterol minus HDL cholesterol. These findings provide a biochemical basis for a positive association in women between cholesterol gall stones and coronary artery disease. PMID- 6797539 TI - Contrasting patterns of coronary atherosclerosis in normocholesterolaemic smokers and patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia. AB - An angiographic comparison was made of the extent and severity of coronary artery disease in 25 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and 25 normocholesterolaemic patients with coronary artery disease in whom heavy cigarette consumption was the chief risk factor. The patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia were younger and included a much higher proportion of women than the smokers. Significantly more patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia had disease of the main stem of the left coronary artery (eight v none, p less than 0.05) and triple-vessel disease (18 v four, p less than 0.05). Disease affecting only distal vessels occurred in five smokers, whereas all the patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia showed a combination of proximal and distal lesions. These findings suggest that cigarette smoking and familial hypercholesterolaemia predispose to different patterns of coronary atheroma. Early coronary angiography with a view to coronary artery bypass surgery seems desirable in symptomatic patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia because of the common association of this disorder with life-threatening left main-stem disease. PMID- 6797540 TI - Treatment of erythema multiforme secondary to herpes simplex by prophylactic topical acyclovir. PMID- 6797541 TI - Chlorpropamide- and tolbutamide-alcohol flushing in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. PMID- 6797542 TI - Spirochaetosis: a remediable cause of diarrhoea and rectal bleeding? PMID- 6797543 TI - Parental smoking at home and height of children. PMID- 6797545 TI - Pulmonary hypertension after lung irradiation in infancy. PMID- 6797546 TI - Peripheral oedema in patients treated with isosorbide dinitrate. PMID- 6797544 TI - Prognosis of isolated seizures in adult life. PMID- 6797547 TI - Hyperkalaemic cardiac arrhythmia caused by potassium citrate mixture. PMID- 6797548 TI - Changes in general practice: do patients benefit? PMID- 6797549 TI - Part-time medical training: 15 years' experience in the Oxford region. AB - Part-time training of doctors with domestic commitments has taken place successfully in the Oxford region since 1966; 249 doctors have now passed through such training schemes and a further 120 are currently training part-time. Two training schemes are now offered for doctors at senior house officer and registrar level: one of six to eight sessions a week for those undertaking recognised training aiming for consultant or principal in general practice posts, the other of one to two sessions a week providing ad hoc training for those unable for personal reasons to follow a recognised training programme. For doctors at senior registrar level, part-time training entails five to eight sessions a week. Of the 115 doctors who have left the schemes and are now in career posts in the United Kingdom, 19% are now consultants, 30% in other hospital posts, 27% in general practice, and 18% are clinical medical officers; overall, 71% of those in career posts are working part-time. This experience shows that part-time training can be successful and that there is a continuing need for part-time career posts. PMID- 6797551 TI - Alarms or despondency? PMID- 6797550 TI - West Indian diabetic population of a large inner city diabetic clinic. AB - West Indians form a sizable minority of diabetics attending many inner city diabetic clinics. There are 554 diabetics of West Indian origin on our computer files--7% of the total recorded clinic population. Of these 554 patients (56% female, 44% male), 70% have been diagnosed within the past five years; and only 9% have had diabetes for over 10 years; in only five (1%) was diabetes diagnosed before the age of 20. Sixteen per cent were taking insulin, but only 4% of the total West Indian population were truly insulin dependent. Of 65 patients admitted in hyperglycaemic coma or precoma over the past three years, 10 were of West Indian origin; eight of these 10 had hyperosmolar coma compared with only six of the remaining 55. We conclude that diabetics of West Indian origin attending our clinic show differences in the distribution of age and duration of diabetes from the caucasian population. Most are non-insulin dependent, and the frequency of hyperosmolar coma is higher than that of ketoacidosis. Diabetics of West Indian origin may have a different pattern of disease from the rest of the clinic population. PMID- 6797552 TI - The anti-abortion campaign. PMID- 6797553 TI - ABC of alcohol. Alcohol in the body. PMID- 6797554 TI - The six diseases of WHO. Malaria. PMID- 6797555 TI - Unnecessary insulin treatment for diabetes. PMID- 6797556 TI - Blood pressure reduction in the elderly. PMID- 6797557 TI - Pulmonary oedema in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6797558 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine. PMID- 6797559 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning and prolonged external cardiac massage during asystole. PMID- 6797560 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and frusemide-induced diuresis. PMID- 6797561 TI - Hepatitis B carriage and dental treatment. PMID- 6797562 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6797563 TI - Severe metabolic alkalosis: a case report. PMID- 6797564 TI - Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin after oral glucose load. PMID- 6797565 TI - Teratogenic risks of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6797566 TI - Avoidable cancer risks with special reference to occupational factors. PMID- 6797567 TI - Old skin. PMID- 6797568 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of lactose intolerance. PMID- 6797569 TI - Organochlorine pesticide residues in human fat in the United Kingdom 1976-7. AB - Between May 1976 and August 1977 samples of human body fat were taken during routine necropsies in the United Kingdom on 236 subjects aged over 5 years and four infants aged under 4 months. Comparison with results from earlier studies showed a further decline in residues of pp'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (pp' DDT) and dieldrin (HEOD) and increased amounts of hexachlorobenzene residues; concentrations of other compounds were similar to those observed in the studies carried out in 1963-4, 1965-7, and 1969-71. Comparison of the data with those from other countries, showed that the concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues and polychlorobiphenyls in human fat samples from residents of the United Kingdom remain among the lowest in Europe and, indeed, the world. PMID- 6797571 TI - Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma: a randomized cross-over trial. AB - Altogether 117 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with either tamoxifen 10 mg by mouth twice daily or aminoglutethimide 250 mg by mouth four times daily with hydrocortisone 20 mg twice daily in a randomised cross-over trial in which patients who failed to respond to the first treatment or relapsed while receiving it were switched to the other. Eighteen (30%) out of 60 patients initially treated with tamoxifen achieved an objective response and 11 (18%) showed stable disease. Seventeen (30%) out of 57 patients treated initially with aminoglutethimide achieved an objective response and 13 (23%) achieved stable disease. Objective responses in bone metastases were achieved more commonly with aminoglutethimide (11 patients (35%)) than with tamoxifen (five (17%)). The predicted median duration of response for tamoxifen was 15 months and for aminoglutethimide over 15 months (no significant difference). Five (15%) out of 34 patients who failed to respond to tamoxifen and four out of six patients who relapsed after responding to tamoxifen subsequently responded to aminoglutethimide. In contrast, only two (6%) out of 31 patients who failed to respond to aminoglutethimide and none out of four patients who relapsed while receiving aminoglutethimide subsequently responded to tamoxifen. The main side effects occurring in the 97 patients who received aminoglutethimide as first- or second-line treatment were lethargy and drowsiness (36 patients) and rash (29); seven patients had to stop treatment because of side effects. In contrast, side effects were rare and mild with tamoxifen and no patient had to stop treatment because of them. Both tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide appeared from this study to be equally effective in the medical endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6797570 TI - Clinical value of serum immunoreactive trypsin concentration. AB - The clinical value of estimation of serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin was evaluated by studying 46 healthy controls, 23 controls in hospital, 44 patients with chronic pancreatic disease, and 184 patients with non-pancreatic conditions in which pancreatic disease commonly enters into the differential diagnosis. Serum trypsin concentration had a log normal distribution in the controls, and the calculated normal range was considerably wider than that previously reported. The concentration was abnormal in only 13 out of 27 patients with chronic pancreatitis and was extremely variable in patients with pancreatic cancer. Abnormal results occurred in 11% of the patients with non-pancreatic disease. Eighteen patients had a subnormal trypsin concentration, of whom six did not have pancreatic disease and 12 had either chronic pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer. There was no correlation between serum trypsin concentration and mean tryptic activity as measured by the Lundh test. Of 11 patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea, only seven had subnormal trypsin concentrations. There results suggest that the serum concentrations of immunoreactive trypsin has a low specificity and sensitivity for pancreatic disease and does no reflect the degree exocrine insufficiency in patients with proved chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6797573 TI - Thrombosis after venography in familial antithrombin II deficiency. PMID- 6797572 TI - Meal frequency and duration of overnight fast: a role in gall-stone formation? PMID- 6797574 TI - Osteomalacia in presence of "normal" serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration. PMID- 6797575 TI - Crohn's disease presenting as recurrent pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6797576 TI - Importance of symptoms after highly selective vagotomy. PMID- 6797577 TI - Two's company. PMID- 6797578 TI - Day hospital care by general practitioners in a cottage/community hospital. PMID- 6797579 TI - ABC of alcohol. Asking the right questions. PMID- 6797580 TI - Non-smoking wives of heavy smokers have a higher risk of lung cancer. PMID- 6797582 TI - Renal damage and glue sniffing. PMID- 6797581 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism. PMID- 6797583 TI - Stridor. PMID- 6797584 TI - Ingrowing toenails: an evaluation of two treatments. PMID- 6797585 TI - Seatone in arthritis. PMID- 6797586 TI - Medical Practices Committee. PMID- 6797587 TI - Death without concealment. PMID- 6797588 TI - Medical aspects of unemployment. PMID- 6797589 TI - A new year gift from the BBC to all smokers. PMID- 6797590 TI - General paralysis of the insane. PMID- 6797591 TI - The function of criticism. PMID- 6797592 TI - Reminiscences of Queen Square. PMID- 6797593 TI - De senectute. PMID- 6797594 TI - Little grains of sand. PMID- 6797595 TI - Retirement. PMID- 6797596 TI - The doctor in society. PMID- 6797597 TI - Mission to Belsen 1945. PMID- 6797599 TI - The damage of plastic "champagne" corks. PMID- 6797598 TI - Breast disease associated with tassel dancing. PMID- 6797600 TI - Factitious phaeochromocytoma: a case for Sherlock Holmes. PMID- 6797601 TI - Punk rocker's lung: pulmonary fibrosis in a drug snorting fire-eater. PMID- 6797602 TI - Britain's biggest ovarian cyst? PMID- 6797603 TI - Intestinal scholechiasis: an unusual fistula. PMID- 6797604 TI - Lectures on heaven: an excursion into the playground of the theologians. PMID- 6797605 TI - Arnold Bennett and medicine: with particular reference to his description of dressing apraxia. PMID- 6797606 TI - Arthritis in Saxon and mediaeval skeletons. AB - Examination of 400 Saxon, Romano-British, and mediaeval skeletons from seven archaeological excavations in the west of England showed an unexpectedly high incidence of osteoarthritis and osteophytosis. Three skeletons had evidence of an erosive peripheral arthritis-one with probable gout, one probable psoriatic arthropathy, and one with possible rheumatoid arthritis. The pattern and types of rheumatic disease, and the resultant disability, were apparently different. An exuberant form of large joint osteoarthritis was common and rheumatoid arthritis and similar diseases rare. PMID- 6797607 TI - Fake. PMID- 6797608 TI - Good servants are scarce. PMID- 6797609 TI - Medical stereotypes. PMID- 6797610 TI - Tertiary educational assessment with mean individual level knowledge. AB - It is proposed that Tertiary Educational Assessment should be made using a Curve Unifying Paradigm with its Scientific And Ultra-Conservative Experiment Ratio. Central Ranking Evaluation And Marking was used to process examination results, generating the Mean Individual Level Knowledge for the group. The concept of MILK grew from the need to encourage the average examination candidate and with it came the need for a Judgmental Understanding Goal. The results of some candidates required further handling by the addition of Student's Universal Grade Averaging Regimen. PMID- 6797611 TI - The road through Oxiana, 1978. PMID- 6797613 TI - Medspeak made simplifax. PMID- 6797612 TI - The hieratic mode. PMID- 6797615 TI - Forty years on. PMID- 6797614 TI - An anachronistic treatment for asthma. AB - Dry cupping is an ancient practice that died out in England over a hundred years ago. In certain cultures it survives and if not recognised can lead to a little diagnostic confusion. PMID- 6797616 TI - Christmas wishes from Benin. PMID- 6797617 TI - Dissolving gall stones. PMID- 6797619 TI - Intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 6797618 TI - Phenytoin-valproate interaction: importance of saliva monitoring in epilepsy. AB - Sodium valproate is often used with phenytoin when epilepsy cannot be controlled by a single drug. Sodium valproate depresses phenytoin protein binding and so invalidates plasma phenytoin monitoring as a means of determining precise phenytoin dosage requirements. Plasma and saliva phenytoin and plasma valproate concentrations were measured in 42 patients with epilepsy receiving both drugs. Phenytoin protein binding was also measured by ultrafiltration in 19 of these patients and 19 patients taking phenytoin alone. Saliva phenytoin concentration bore the same close correlation to unbound (therapeutically active) phenytoin in patients receiving both drugs as it did in patients receiving phenytoin alone, whereas plasma total phenytoin did not. The same therapeutic range for saliva phenytoin (4-9 mumol/1; 1-2 microgram/ml) was therefore valid in both groups. The depression of phenytoin binding was directly related to the plasma concentration of valproate both in random samples taken from the 42 patients and in samples taken throughout the day in two of these patients. This was confirmed in vitro. Even when the concentration of valproate is known the degree of binding cannot be predicted. Saliva rather than plasma monitoring of phenytoin treatment is therefore valuable in the presence of valproate and with reduced phenytoin binding from any cause. PMID- 6797620 TI - Thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia due to feprazone. PMID- 6797622 TI - Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer. PMID- 6797621 TI - Failure with the new triphasic oral contraceptive Logynon. PMID- 6797623 TI - Mask for continuous positive airway pressure: does it cause corneal abrasions? PMID- 6797624 TI - Insect-sting encephalopathy. PMID- 6797625 TI - Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage. PMID- 6797627 TI - Three is the magic number. PMID- 6797626 TI - Bilateral renal carcinoma. PMID- 6797628 TI - Do patients cash prescriptions? PMID- 6797629 TI - Trends in management of acute cholecystitis. AB - A retrospective review has been carried out of the management of acute cholecystitis in one hospital from 1974 to 1978. The policies and outcome are compared with those of the same centre during 1953-62. In the intervening period there has been a move towards early cholecystectomy. Overall mortality has fallen from 7.7% to 1.6%. The results of early surgery are comparable with those of delayed operations. The data also compare favourably with those of controlled clinical trials and support the adoption of early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis in routine practice. The saving of resources, however, may not be as great as is suggested by the results of clinical trials. PMID- 6797630 TI - Reiter's disease. PMID- 6797631 TI - Careers of medical women. AB - In autumn 1977 91% of the women who had graduated from United Kingdom medical schools in 1949-51 (early cohort) and 1965 (late cohort) were practising medicine. Over the first 12 years after qualification the late cohort was marginally more active in medicine and had more members in career and training posts than the early cohort. On the survey date 1 October 1977 (26-28 years after qualification) the participation index of the early cohort was 0.73 and of the late cohort (12 years) 0.65. Both cohorts show the bimodal career pattern characteristic of British women's occupational experience. PMID- 6797632 TI - Battling with motor neurone disease. PMID- 6797633 TI - Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic syndrome precipitated by treatment with diuretics. PMID- 6797634 TI - Too few drugs, too many poppies. PMID- 6797635 TI - Computed tomography of the body: when should it be used? PMID- 6797636 TI - Misplaced confidence in nebulised bronchodilators in severe asthmatic attacks. PMID- 6797637 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity after inhalation of distilled water and saline. PMID- 6797638 TI - The secret technical defence: a case for changing the law. PMID- 6797639 TI - Blood pressure reduction in the elderly. PMID- 6797641 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism. PMID- 6797640 TI - Hyperglycaemic effect of nifedipine. PMID- 6797642 TI - Spirochaetosis: a remediable cause of diarrhoea and rectal bleeding? PMID- 6797643 TI - Facial burns due to fan heater. PMID- 6797644 TI - Chronic inflammatory bowel disease in childhood. AB - The diagnosis of Crohn's disease in childhood has been facilitated by the use of fibreoptic endoscopy with biopsies, complemented by double-contrast radiology. Clinical suspicion leads initially to several relevant blood tests. These are followed by endoscopy and multiple colonic biopsies or barium follow-through studies depending on whether large-bowel or small-bowel disease is suspected. The present approach to diagnosis is based on corroborative investigative techniques endoscopy, radiology, and histology, The availability of paediatric colonoscopes of small diameter should make it possible for paediatricians to perform limited examinations, but when more extensive endoscopy is indicated the child should be referred to special centres. PMID- 6797646 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism. PMID- 6797645 TI - Nifedipine and beta-blockade as a cause of cardiac failure. PMID- 6797647 TI - Survey of sickle-cell disease in England and Wales. PMID- 6797648 TI - Malaria. PMID- 6797649 TI - Breast transillumination using the sinus diaphanograph. PMID- 6797650 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in premature babies. PMID- 6797651 TI - Aspiration around high-volume, low-pressure endotracheal cuff. PMID- 6797653 TI - Atopic eczema after viral infection. PMID- 6797652 TI - Pain perception in competitive swimmers. PMID- 6797654 TI - Effects of lay groups on weight reduction. PMID- 6797655 TI - Renal damage and glue sniffing. PMID- 6797656 TI - Ingrowing toenails: an evaluation of two treatments. PMID- 6797657 TI - Sexually transmitted disease surveillance: 1980. PMID- 6797658 TI - Cancer and patients with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 6797659 TI - Blood pressures that fall on rechecking. PMID- 6797660 TI - Agoraphobia and space phobia. PMID- 6797661 TI - Comparison of haemodynamic responses to dobutamine and salbutamol in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. AB - Nine patients with critically reduced cardiac output after acute myocardial infarction underwent a single cross-over comparison of dobutamine and salbutamol to compare the haemodynamic effects of these drugs, which have, respectively, predominantly beta 1-adrenergic and beta 2-adrenergic agonist activity. The responses were used to select the more appropriate treatment for individual patients. Only relatively small responses were obtained: those with poorest baseline measurements tended to show the least effect. When the results from the series were averaged, dobutamine (250-750 microgram/min) caused a small but progressive increase in cardiac index (1.8 to 2.2 1/min/m2) throughout the dose range. Systemic blood pressure was not increased, and calculated systemic vascular resistance fell from 25 to 19 units. Heart rate rose from 107 to 118 beats/min and stroke index from 17 to 19 ml/beat/m2. Pulmonary artery end diastolic pressure fell from 18 to 15 mm Hg. Salbutamol (10-40 microgram/min) produced a similar progressive increase in cardiac index, from 1.6 to 2.21/min/m2. Systemic blood pressure was not altered, and systemic vascular resistance fell from 25 to 20 units. Heart rate rose from 105 to 119 beats/min and stroke index from 16 to 19 ml/beat/m2. Pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure did not fall. Dobutamine and salbutamol have closely similar haemodynamic effects when used in cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. Both drugs increase cardiac index but heart rate also rises, and the increase in stroke index is relatively small. Mean arterial pressure is altered little by either agent, but dobutamine (in contrast with dopamine) tends to reduce pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure, which may be beneficial. PMID- 6797662 TI - Injuries caused by garfish in Papua New Guinea. AB - Garfish, which are found in the Indo-Pacific Ocean areas, have a long, spear-like beak with two marrow jaws and small pointed teeth. They often make sudden leaps while swimming, particularly when attracted by bright lights. In Papua New Guinea people often fish from canoes using a light at night, and serious injuries may be caused by a fish jumping and its beak piercing part of the body. The surface wound may appear deceptively small and innocent, but if the wound is on the chest or abdomen the beak may have penetrated sufficiently deeply to cause internal injuries, and death may result. Patients may have to be admitted to hospital for removal of the beak, which may remain embedded in a limb. PMID- 6797663 TI - Does the order of second-line treatment in rheumatoid arthritis matter? AB - In a prospective study 88 patients, with rheumatoid arthritis who had stopped taking gold, penicillamine, or levamisole were randomly allocated to one of the alternative drugs and followed up for a minimum of one year. Concurrent studies of the effects of gold, penicillamine, and levamisole prescribed in 123 patients as the first second-line drug were used for comparison. No difference in toxicity or efficacy between primary and secondary use of gold or penicillamine was identified. Variation in the toxicity of levamisole could in part be accounted for by changes in the dose regimen over the four years of study. The length of the treatment-free interval between drugs did not influence subsequent development of toxicity. These results suggest that an adverse reaction to one of the three second-line drugs studied should not prejudice the selection of another. PMID- 6797664 TI - Fatal pneumonia associated with two viruses in a child with lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6797665 TI - Manic psychosis associated with procarbazine. PMID- 6797666 TI - Hypokalaemia induced by a combination of a beta-blocker and a thiazide. PMID- 6797667 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with metoprolol. PMID- 6797668 TI - Risk of hepatitis B virus infection in patients with eczema or psoriasis of the hand. PMID- 6797669 TI - Pure red-cell aplasia: association with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary autoimmune hypothyroidism. PMID- 6797670 TI - Reduction of free testosterone by antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6797671 TI - Unexplained acute arthritis in hemiplegia. PMID- 6797673 TI - Pathology of Partnerships. All partnership are brittle. PMID- 6797672 TI - Is it a coronary? PMID- 6797674 TI - Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: an international multicentre scoring system. AB - Inflammatory bowel disease is being studied by the World Organisation of Gastroenterology (OMGE) Research Committee in a survey (currently) affecting 1696 patients presenting to 30 hospitals in 16 countries. A computer-aided diagnostic prediction system (when tested in 1056 patients) showed an accuracy of match between computer prediction and clinical diagnosis in 94% of these patients. Most centres, however, do not possess appropriate computing facilities. A simple diagnostic "scoring system", based on likelihood ratios, has therefore been developed, using a series of numbers set out on a single sheet of paper. The overall accuracy of the simple scoring system in the same 1056 patients was equivalent (93%) to the computer-aided system. In a further series of 510 "new" patients from eight fresh centres the diagnostic scoring system made a firm prediction in 490 cases (96%). Where made, the accuracy of match between the scoring system prediction and clinical diagnosis was 96%. It is suggested that this simple system, which requires no analytical resource and could be used by any gastroenterologist, might be of some value in clinical research and clinical practice. PMID- 6797675 TI - Care of the aged in France. PMID- 6797676 TI - Polish lessons on alcohol policy. PMID- 6797677 TI - Cerebral circulatory response to hypercapnia: effects of lesions of central dopaminergic and serotoninergic neuron systems. AB - The present study explores the possibility that the central dopaminergic and serotoninergic neuron systems influence CBF under normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions. In the first part of the study the effect of unilateral 6 hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway on local cerebral blood flow (1-CBF) was measured autoradiographically with [14C]iodoantipyrine as the diffusible tracer. The lesion caused no major effect on CBF under normocapnic or hypercapnic conditions. However, the circulatory response to hypercapnia was slightly enhanced (about 10%) in the denervated caudate-putamen. It is suggested that under hypercapnic conditions the pronounced increase in blood flow in the caudate-putamen is normally modulated by a slight vasoconstriction caused by dopamine release from the nigrostriatal system. In the second part of the study the effect of intraventricular 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine on cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen (CMRO2) and CBF was evaluated using a 133xenon modification of the Kety-Schmidt inert gas technique. The lesion, which removed about 90% of cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine, had no effect on the circulatory response to hypercapnia, not did it alter CMRO2. Under normocapnic conditions, though, the lesion seemed to induced a minor increase in CMRO2, which indicates that the serotoninergic system exerts a depressant resting tone on metabolic rate in the brain. PMID- 6797678 TI - Correlation of monkey pyramidal tract neuron activity to movement velocity in rapid wrist flexion movement. PMID- 6797679 TI - Undernutrition and recovery from brain damage: a preliminary investigation. AB - Rats undernourished early in life did not differ from control animals in acquiring a light-dark discrimination. Posterior cortical lesions impaired retention in both nutritional groups, but the relearning scores of the undernourished animals with lesions were significantly worse than those of the lesion group that had been well fed. Amphetamine was found to enhance recovery, especially in the undernourished group. These data thus show that early nutritional history can be an important factor in accounting for differences in performance following later, focal brain damage, but that pharmacological intervention still can be of great value in these cases. PMID- 6797680 TI - Effects of halogenated derivatives of ethanol on the nicotine acetylcholine receptor. PMID- 6797681 TI - The response of single units in the auditory cortex of rhesus monkeys to predicted and to unpredicted sound stimuli. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to predict the nature of short auditory signals of two different types, to which they responded differentially. Prediction was based on visual signals that preceded the auditory ones. The monkey's use of the visual signals as predictors was assessed through two behavioural criteria. (1) performance in trials in which the visual signals was followed by the correct auditory signal (true conditioning) vs performance in trials in which the visual signal was followed by the wrong auditory signal (false conditioning). (2) Reaction time in trials with different types of conditioning. The response of single auditory cortex units to correctly and to incorrectly predicted auditory signals was recorded. The unconditioned response of every unit to each type of auditory stimulus was also obtained. Of 92 units that were analysed in detail, the response of about half was affected by the predictability of the stimulus. Units were affected in two different ways. One involved facilitation of the response to correctly predicted signals and inhibition of the response to incorrectly predicted signals. The other involved facilitation of the response to incorrectly predicted signals and base line response to correctly predicted signals. These findings were discussed in terms of neural mechanisms that relate to prediction. PMID- 6797682 TI - Arachidonate-induced hydrocephalus and hyperthermia: "dilutional tolerance" to centrally injected pyrogen and PGE1. AB - Conscious, unrestrained cats given multiple injections of sodium arachidonate into a lateral cerebral ventricle responded with prolonged increases in both temperature. Development of tolerance was indicated by a gradual reduction in the response to successive doses. Cross-tolerance developed to hyperthermic actions of intraventricular bacterial endotoxin and prostaglandin E1 but not to leukocytic pyrogen given IV. Tolerance to the centrally administered agents was associated with enlargement of the cerebral ventricles and was therefore at least partially due to dilution of injected solutions by the increased volume of cerebrospinal fluid. The lateral ventricles were the most affected, particularly on the side of injection. There was no indication of physical obstruction within the ventricular system. Light microscopic examination revealed regions of chronic granulomatous inflammation of the subependymal zone of the periventricular tissues. The hydrocephalus was not secondary to the large number of intraventricular injections per se, to alkalinity of the arachidonate solution or to intermittent development of hyperthermia and was apparently a specific response to arachidonate. Intraventricular administration of arachidonate provides a means of inducing hydrocephalus with minimal morbidity and mortality. PMID- 6797683 TI - [Single step isolation of a hemoglobin binding protein present in chicken plasma]. AB - A one step procedure for the purification of a Chicken hemoglobin binding protein is reported here for the first time. The method includes a single affinity chromatography step on Sepharose coupled to Chicken hemoglobin. The protein obtained is pure, its ability of binding hemoglobin is maintained and the recovery is close to 100%. Moreover, the same affinity system may be used again. PMID- 6797684 TI - [Bioactive "enteroglucagon" (oxyntomodulin): evidence for a C-terminal extension of the glucagon molecule]. AB - The bioactive fraction of "enteroglucagon" has been isolated from the porcine jejuno-ileum on the basis of its glucagon-like action in liver. High performance liquid chromatography analysis followed by Dansylation of peptide fragments obtained after enzymatic digestion of both this peptide and glucagon suggests that the bioactive "enteroglucagon" contains the glucagon molecule plus a C terminal extension under the from of the octapeptide. Lys-Arg-Asn-Lys-Asn-Asn-Ile Ala-COOH. The presence in the native molecular of a structural difference of modification as compared to glucagon in the 1-11 fragment is possible. PMID- 6797685 TI - [Demonstration of glutamate decarboxylase and serotonin in the same neuron of the nucleus raphe dorsalis of the rat by the methods of immunocytochemical doubling labelling]. PMID- 6797686 TI - [Affinity of tritiated S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine for membrane preparations from various parts of rat the rat brain]. AB - The study of tritiated S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine binding in various areas of the Rat brain has shown that the affinity was the same in the different regions whereas the number of binding sites was greater in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum than in the cortex, the corpus striatum, the mesencephalon, the hypothalamus and the brainstem. The phosphatidylethanolamine-N-methylase activity was also greater in the hippocampus and in the cerebellum. PMID- 6797688 TI - [Congenital anomalies of the human blood platelet, models for understanding mechanisms of platelet secretion: gray platelet disease]. AB - The fundamental role of different platelet glycoproteins and proteins in platelet function is well known. Glycoproteins II b and III a, missing from platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, appear to play a role in the mechanism of platelet cohesion. Platelet adhesion to sub-endothelium components depends on the binding of von Willebrand factor to the platelet membrane and this is defective in the Bernard Soulier syndrome which is characterised by the absence from the platelets of membrane glycoprotein Ib. The gray platelet syndrome is a new platelet disorder characterized by the absence of alpha granules and a reduced platelet aggregation response associated with an abnormal dense body section. Analysis of the protein and glycoprotein content of gray platelets has shown that they lack or have markedly reduced concentrations of the alpha granule proteins. It would appear that proteins secreted from the alpha granules may play a role during the later stages of platelet secretion leading to platelet aggregation. PMID- 6797687 TI - [Inhibition of the lymphocyte response by metabolites released by the lipoxygenase of mouse macrophages]. AB - Arachidonic acid can be transformed into a series of metabolites by the lipoxygenase enzyme activity of Mouse peritoneal macrophages. The resulting metabolites inhibit tritiated thymidine uptake by Mouse splenocytes stimulated by ConA or PHA. They suppress the development of killer cells. When mice are injected with 15-hydroperoxide, their splenocytes show a decreased H3-thymidine uptake after lectin stimulation. PMID- 6797689 TI - [Inhibitory effect of arginine butyrate on the development of Crocker 180/TG tumor in Swiss mice]. AB - Arginine butyrate slightly increases the resistance of Swiss Mice to allografted 180/TG tumor cells. A single injection of Corynebacterium Parvum has comparable effects. However, it they are associated, survival rate is significantly augmented. PMID- 6797690 TI - [Presence of carbonic anhydrase in 2 fish of the Kerguelen archipelago, Channichthys rhinoceratus lacking hemoglobin, and Notothenia megellanica with a normal blood formulation]. AB - An antarctic hemoglobin-free Fish, living in the Kerguelen archipelago, Channichthys rhinoceratus, is devoid of carbonic anhydrase in the blood but has a high content of this enzyme in the gills which appears to be twice that of another normal species living in the same area. Notothenia magellancia. This enzyme appears to play an important role in the osmoregulation of the Channichthyidae. PMID- 6797691 TI - [Trials of in vitro propagation of the scrapie agent in mouse nerve cells]. AB - We attempted to propagate the Scrapie agent in vitro in glia and neuroblastoma cells of Mice. Four out of seven assays of infection were positive, i.e. after several passages in vitro yielding at most a 10(9) fold final dilution of the original material, the extracts of each of the four cultures, when injected intracerebrally into CD1 Mice, produced a deadly disease displaying the clinical and pathological signs characteristic of Scrapie. PMID- 6797692 TI - [Correlation between variant translocation and the expression of immunoglobulin light chains in Burkitt-type lymphomas and leukemias]. AB - The study--on continuous cell lines or on fresh tumor cells--of chromosomes and immunoglobulins from 29 Burkitt-type lymphomas or leukemias showed a strong correlation between translocation t (2; 8) and expression of kappa light chains on the one hand, and between translocation t (8; 22) and expression of lambda chains on the other. The positions of the genes that code for these immunoglobulin chains, on chromosomes 2 and 22, respectively, suggest a precise regional localization close to the break-points observed in the translocations (2p12 and 22q11). These results should make it possible to look for and identify the DNA sequences that are implicated in the malignant transformation of these cells, using molecular biology techniques. PMID- 6797693 TI - [Development of schizonts in cultured hepatocytes of adult rats after in vitro infection with Plasmodium yoelii sporoazoites]. AB - Salivary glands of A. stephensi, containing P. yoelii' sporozoites, were disrupted and added to hepatocyte cultures originated from the liver of an adult Rat perfused with a collagenase solution. 47 h after this in vitro inoculation, numerous well-developed and normal-looking schizonts were found in the hepatocyte monolayer. PMID- 6797694 TI - [Purification of bovine antimullerian hormone using a monoclonal antibody]. AB - Bovine antimullerian hormone (AMH) has been purified from incubation medium of bovine fetal testes, by immunoaffinity chromatography using a monoclonal antibody. Presence of AMH in the column eluate is demonstrated by its high antimullerian activity. Biochemical analysis, by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, indicates that the testicular protein eluted from the column co electrophoreses with native tritiated AMH which, as previously shown, is a dimer of 124,000 +/- 15,000 MW. PMID- 6797695 TI - [Tamoxifen antagonizes the feminizing effect of androgens in the chick embryo]. PMID- 6797696 TI - Transport of vitamin D: significance of free and total concentrations of the vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6797697 TI - Osteopenia in juvenile diabetes. AB - The bone mineral status of fifty-one children with diabetes mellitus was studied by single photon absorptiometry. The mean bone mineral content was 13% below values predicted by age, sex, height, and weight. Those children whose diabetes was one year or less in duration were as osteopenic as those whose diabetes was of longer duration. The demineralized children received a higher daily insulin dose than others. No association was noted between the degree of skeletal demineralization and sex, statural growth, renal function, and serum calcium and phosphorus. No significant changes in bone mineral content were noted longitudinally. PMID- 6797698 TI - Quantitative study of tunneling and hook resorption in metabolic bone disease. PMID- 6797699 TI - Bone turnover in Paget's disease: biochemical and kinetic measurements during salmon calcitonin therapy. AB - A comparison of calcium-47 kinetics and biochemical measurements has been made in 25 previously untreated patients with Paget's disease. The rate of disappearance of 47Ca into bone with a turnover time of more than 5 days was measured as A5, and the pool size with a turnover time of less than 5 days as E5. In moderately active disease the reductions in A5 and E5 to be anticipated from treatment seem to be offset by an increase in exchangeability due to remineralization of osteoid. In more active disease the effect of calcitonin may be to shift bone formation from a woven to a lamellar pattern as well as to reduce turnover. Under these circumstances both A5 and E5 are reduced by treatment more in keeping with biochemical changes. PMID- 6797700 TI - Effects of age and sex on the regulation of plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D by phosphorus in the rat. PMID- 6797702 TI - Density of a sample bovine cortical bone matrix and its solid constituent in various media. AB - The density of a bovine cortical bone matrix sample was found in water, several ethanol-water solutions, and in dried state. Previously the density of the same mineralized bone was found fresh and when desiccated. The volume in each state was estimated from the dimensional changes axially, tangentially, and radially. Confirmation was found by determining the density of dried specimens upon immersion in xylene. The amount of imbibed xylene provided an estimate of the free pore volume in the dried matrix. The volume fraction of the solid constituent, S, in the wet matrix was found to be 0.57, from which the density of S in various solutions was calculated. Density of wet matrix in 0.15 M saline: 1.180 g/cc; for dried matrix, 1.246 g/cc. Density of wet S in saline: 1.33 g/cc; for dried S, 1.42 g/cc, which matches published values for collagen molecules. Dimensional changes between wet and dried state of matrix match published values for artificially cross-linked rat tail tendon fibers. Axially: 1.04, by area: 2.27; by volume: 2.62. Estimate of intrafibrillar volume, assuming 80% of mineral is within fibrils: 0.73 cc/g dry collagen. PMID- 6797701 TI - Control of plasma 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D concentrations by calcium and phosphorus in the rat: effects of hypophysectomy. PMID- 6797703 TI - A hormone dependent calcium-binding protein in the mantle edge of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AB - By means of gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography on calcium-saturated Chelex-100, a calcium-binding fraction was isolated from the mantle edge of the freshwater snail lymnaea stagnalis. This fraction was not present in other tissues. Treatment with trypsin caused a disappearance of the calcium-binding capacity, proving that the active substance in this fraction is a protein (calcium-binding protein; CaBP). Removal of the growth hormone-producing neuroendocrine light green cells resulted in a strong decrease of the amount of CaBP. It is concluded that L. stagnalis possesses a hormone-dependent CaBP, probably responsible for the maintenance of a high calcium concentration in that part of the mantle that produces the outer crystalline layer of the shell. PMID- 6797704 TI - Morphological evidence of gap junctions between bone cells. AB - Cell membrane specializations occur at contact sites between adjacent osteoblasts and osteoblasts and osteocytes. These junctions have been described by other investigators as being important in preventing the extracellular movement of material around bone cells. Previously we described how certain small proteins circumvented the osteoblast population and rapidly penetrated the canalicular osteocyte system. In the present study we used lanthanum colloid as an extracellular marker, the lanthanum readily penetrated the bone cell junctions and the extracellular space of bone. Morphologically, these junctions were not "tight" or "occluding" structures, but resembled "gap" junctions. These gap junctions contained elements which formed intercellular bridges between adjacent cells but also maintained a 2 nm space between cells that contained extracellular fluid. These gap junctions may have an important function in the control or coordination of bone cell activity throughout a given volume of bone. PMID- 6797705 TI - Histology of enamel organ and chemical composition of adjacent enamel in rat incisors. AB - By avoiding chemical fixation and using a freeze-drying technique, it proved possible to examine the enamel organ of rat mandibular incisors histologically while retaining the adjacent enamel of the same tooth for chemical analysis. The dramatic alterations which occur in enamel organ histology, such as ameloblast shortening and the development of hte papillary layer, could then be compared directly with mineral uptake and mineral content of the adjacent enamel. Both enamel and adjacent enamel organ were sampled as a continuous series of pieces, 0.5 mm in width, from youngest (apical) to oldest (incisal) tissue. Short ameloblasts were associated directly with the beginning of a rapid uptake of phosphate ions during the maturation phase and also coincided with the beginning of a steep rise in mineral content. By implication, some loss of matrix may also occur at this point. Development of the highly vascular papillary layer preceded ameloblast shortening and may be associated with changes in the organic matrix prior to its disappearance from the tissue. Further development of this layer was associated with ameloblast shortening. This may also therefore be associated with mineral uptake during maturation. PMID- 6797706 TI - Microstructure and chemical composition of fossil mammalian teeth. AB - Sectioned Cretaceous mammalian teeth were studied by light microscopy and SEM equipment with an electron microprobe. Structures resembling odontoblast processes were found. Their S/Fe ratio was similar to that of rat odontoblast processes, but the amounts of these elements were far higher than in processes of recent teeth. It was concluded that they consisted of pyrite, but their reaction with mercurochrome indicated presence of proteins with SH groups. Fluorescence microscopy indicated traces of collagen in the dentin. In the fossil enamel and dentin the Ca/P ratio was similar to that of recent teeth. Two samples of fossil teeth were analyzed for Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The levels of the latter two elements were normal, whereas that of Cd and especially that of Pb were higher than in laboratory rats. The probability that original protein fractions exist and that the different elements were those of the living animals is discussed. PMID- 6797707 TI - Effect of intraperitoneally injected fluoride on plasma calcium in suckling and adult rats. AB - Sodium fluoride 10, 20 or 40 mg/kg body weight was given intraperitoneally to rats (6-11 days old and 90-95 days old). Blood analyses showed an initial increase in plasma fluoride concentration. The subsequent decrease in fluoride was paralleled by a decrease in total plasma calcium. These plasma concentrations were normal at blood collection 4 days after fluoride injection. The baby rats differed from the older rats in that their initial plasma calcium was higher and that the drop in plasma calcium concentration was less pronounced than in the old rats. A diet low in calcium and phosphate enhanced the effects of fluoride on total plasma calcium. The data indicate that the effect of large doses of fluoride on lowering the plasma calcium level is modified by the calcium intake. PMID- 6797708 TI - Kinetics of 99mTc-tin-methylene diphosphonate in normal subjects and pathological conditions: a simple index of bone metabolism. PMID- 6797709 TI - Temperature-induced changes in nuclear pore complex frequencies, nuclear envelope surface areas, and nuclear volumes in light-synchronized Euglena. AB - An autotrophic culture of Euglena, synchronized using a day:night (D:N), 14:10-h cycle, was subjected to a 21.5 leads to 31.5 degrees C temperature shift and then to a reversed shift in temperature after three D:N cycles at 31.5 degrees C. Nuclear pore complex (NPC) number per square micrometre and nuclear surface area and volume determinations were made on G1 cells at various intervals. Cells sampled immediately prior to the 21.5 leads to 31.5 degrees C shift had a mean value of 37.68 NPC . micron-2 nuclear envelope surface area, 30.40 NPCs/micron2 after three D:N cycles at 31.5 degrees C and 39.98 NPCs/micron2 after three D:N cycles at the resumed culture temperature of 21.5 degrees. Thus temperature changes affect NPC numbers per square micrometre and these changes are reversible. Mean nuclear surface area was 125.76 micron2 immediately prior to the 21.5 leads to 31.5 degrees C shift, and decreased over two D:N cycles at 31.5 degrees C to 101.30 micron2 by the end of the third D:N cycle. Nuclear envelope surface area, one and two D:N cycles after the 31.5 leads to 21.5 degrees C shift, was approximately equal that prior to the 21.5 leads to 31.5 degrees C shift. After the third D:N cycle, however, nuclear surface area had increased to 173.05 micron2. The changes in nuclear surface area resulted in large differences in the estimates of the total number of NPCs per nucleus. Euglena immediately prior to the 21.5 leads to 31.5 degrees C temperature shift had 4739 NPCs/nucleus; immediately prior to the 31.5 leads to 21.5 degrees C shift had 3079 NPCs/nucleus; and had 6919 NPCs/nucleus at 21.5 degrees C and three D:N cycles after the 31.5 leads to 21.5 degrees C shift. Estimates of the number of NPCs per cubic micrometre of nuclear volume were almost identical between these samples. PMID- 6797710 TI - A comparison of antigen-induced and calcium ionophore A23187 induced contraction of isolated guinea pig trachea. AB - Ovalbumin (OA) and the calcium ionophore A23187 induced a dose-dependent contraction of guinea pig tracheal strips. The OA-induced contraction (of sensitized trachea) consisted of an initial peak concentration, maximal between 5 and 10 min, followed by a very gradual decline from the peak. On the other hand, A23187 induced a sustained contraction of the trachea with a more gradual onset. Both antigen- and A23187-induced contractions required the presence of extracellular calcium. The response was not reduced by delaying (up to 10 min) the addition of calcium, suggesting that the mechanism of antigen-induced contraction differs from that of antigen-induced histamine secretion from rat mast cells and human basophils. The 1st min of the OA-induced contraction was inhibited significantly by mepyramine (10(-5) M) suggesting that histamine contributed to the contraction at this time point. In contrast, A23187-induced contraction was unaffected by mepyramine. On the other hand, both the A23187 induced contraction and the prolonged phase of the OA-induced contraction were enhanced by indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and inhibited by phenidone, a cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitor. This suggests that a product of the lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism contributes to OA- and A23187 induced contraction of the guinea pig trachea. PMID- 6797711 TI - Catecholamines and the cephalic phase of gastric secretion. PMID- 6797712 TI - Comparison of iron binding and uptake from FeCl3 and Fe-citrated by Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Iron-starve Neisseria meningitidis SD1C took up Fe added as FeCl3 by a two-step process: a rapid phase occurring during the 1st min after Fe addition and unaffected by 0.5 mM KCN and a slower secondary phase of uptake sensitive to various metabolic inhibitors. The rate and extent of energy-dependent Fe uptake from stage dicitrate and nitrilotriacetate Fe3+ complexes were essentially identical to FeCl3, indicating the presence of a high-affinity Fe acquisition system. The sulfonated siderophore Desferal (deferrioxamine beta-mesylate) effectively prevented any uptake of Fe from the citrate complex and was unable to remove that Fe already bound by either poisoned or active cells. The energy independent system rapidly deferrated Fe3+ dicitrate and bound Fe to a finite number of cellular sites. Fe derived from FeCl3 was associated with these same sites as well as with a large number of apparently nonspecific sites. The extent of low-affinity, nonspecific binding was concentration dependent. Both energy independent and energy-dependent systems involved in the uptake of Fe from the Fe3+ dicitrate were inactivated by 5 min at 60 degrees C, but not by 45 degrees C. The citrate carrier itself was recycled, being neither bound separately nor in concert with Fe3+ by these sites. PMID- 6797713 TI - The effect of magnesium of transfection and transformation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The influence of Mg2+ on phage SPP1 DNA-mediated transfection as compared with chromosomal transformation was studied. A differential influence of this cation in both processes was detectable by analyzing the competence development and the kinetics of appearance of transformants and transfectants. Binding and uptake of DNA and release of acid-soluble products by competent cells in high- and low-Mg2+ media was measured for 3H-labelled SPP1 and 3H-labelled Bacillus subtilis DNAs. Phage SPP1 DNA was shown to be subjected to endonucleolytic cleavage after exposure to competent cells. PMID- 6797715 TI - A technique to study the bacterial colonization of surfaces employing chemotaxis chambers and scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6797714 TI - Inorganic cation transport and the effects on C4 dicarboxylate transport in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The complex interrelationships between the transport of inorganic cations and C4 dicarboxylate were examined using mutants defective in potassium transport and retention, divalent cation transport, or phosphate transport. The potassium transport system, studied using 86Rb+ as a K+ analogue, kinetically appeared as a single system (Km 200 microM for Rb+, Ki 50 microM for K+), the activity of which was only slightly reduced in K+ retention mutants. Divalent cation transport, studied using 54Mn2+, 60Co2+, and 45Ca2+, was more complex being represented by at least two systems, one with a high affinity for Mn2+ (Km 2.5 microM) and a more general one of low affinity (Km 1.3-10 mM) for Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca/2+, and Co2+. Divalent cation transport was repressed by Mg2+, derepressed in K+ retention mutants, and defective in Co2+-resistant mutants. Phosphate was required for both divalent cation and succinate transport, and phosphate transport mutants (arsenate resistant) were found to be defective in both divalent cation and succinate transport. Divalent cations, especially Mg2+ and Co2+, decreased Km for succinate transport approximately 20-fold over that achieved with K+; neither cation was required stoichiometrically for succinate transport. The loss of divalent cation transport in cobalt-resistant mutants has been correlated with the loss of a 55,000 molecular weight membrane protein. Similarly, the loss of phosphate transport in arsenate-resistant mutants has been correlated with the loss of a 35,000 molecular weight membrane component. PMID- 6797716 TI - Commercial radioimmunoassay for beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin: falsely positive determinations due to elevated serum luteinizing hormone. AB - Among 17 men who had received seemingly curative treatment for unilateral non seminomatous germ cell tumors for the testis and who had consistently normal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) levels at a reference laboratory, 7 (41%) had at least one falsely positive commercial serum HCG determination. To investigate the cause of these falsely positive determinations the authors measured the cross reactivity of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) standards in the commercial HCG assay, and studied the relationship between commercial HCG levels and serum LH levels, serum FSH levels and gonadal status in men with and without normal gonadal function. The falsely positive HCG determinations appeared to be due to elevated serum LH levels and cross reactivity of LH in the commercial HCG assay because: 1) there was substantial cross reactivity of the LH standards in the commercial assay, 2) the serum LH was elevated in four of six men with solitary testes, 3) there was a striking correlation between elevated serum LH levels and falsely elevated commercial HCG levels in ten men with solitary or absent testes, and 4) there were no falsely positive HCG determinations in 13 normal men but there were falsely positive HCG determinations in seven of ten anorchid men. PMID- 6797717 TI - Monoclonal immunoglobulins with affinity for platelets and their relationship to malignant lymphoma. AB - Monoclonal immunoglobulins with affinity for platelets were detected in the blood of seven patients. Two of these had thrombocytopenia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). One patient had thrombocytopenia and possibly incipient NHL. The other four patients had pseudothrombocytopenia at the time of diagnosis but one of them developed NHL six years later. It is suggested that these monoclonal immunoglobulins may in some cases be associated with malignant lymphoma and that subjects presenting with these immunoglobulins should have a long term follow-up in order to elucidate the question whether or not lymphoma will develop. PMID- 6797718 TI - Aspergillus pericarditis: clinical and pathologic features in the immunocompromised patient. AB - There has been a proliferation of infectious complications due to Aspergillus in patients receiving chemotherapy for cancer and transplantation; however, aspergillus pericarditis has been rarely described. Reported here are the clinical and pathologic findings of Aspergillus pericarditis in six immunocomprised patients who came to autopsy in the past 11 years. Five had leukemia, one had received a renal transplant. All had pulmonary aspergillosis. Two had clinically overt pericarditis leading to cardiac tamponade and death. Pulmonary aspergillosis preceded development of pericardial signs. Chest radiographs, serial electrocardiograms, and echocardiograms showed abnormality but were nonspecific. Pericardiocentesis was performed in one patient but proved nondiagnostic and yielded only transient hemodynamic improvement; postmortem Gram stain of the spun sediment of that pericardial fluid revealed branched hyphae. Although five patients received Amphotericin B, whether it entered the pericardial space is uncertain. Postmortem examination revealed extensive pericardial involvement by Aspergillus associated with effusions as large as 1000 ml Aspergillus penetrated the pericardium by rupture of myocardial abscesses and invasion from contiguous pulmonary foci into the pericardial space. A clinical diagnosis of Aspergillus pericarditis was never established, and at least two died of their pericardial disease. Aspergillus pericarditis is a lethal cardiac infection, which is likely to increase in frequency, and should be considered in the hemodynamically unstable immunocompromised patient, especially when signs of pericarditis or pulmonary aspergillosis are present. PMID- 6797719 TI - The viability of cells in the waste products of CO2-laser evaporation of Cloudman mouse melanomas. AB - The viability of cells present in waste products originating during CO2-laser evaporation of Cloudman S91 mouse melanomas was investigated. Cytologic smears showed mainly carbonized particles and thermally damaged cells but some morphologically intact cells as well. Viability was tested with the trypan blue test, by in vitro culture and intramuscular and intraperitoneal inoculations in syngeneic mice. No dye-excluding cells were found in the trypan blue test. Growth was noted neither in vitro nor in vivo in the 127 mice, intramuscularly or intraperitoneally injected with 10(5) x 10(5)/10 microliter smoke or debris particles, and killed four weeks after inoculation. Viable tumor cells, derived from a Cloudman melanoma cell line and added to the smoke and debris suspensions, remained viable. Thus, a toxic influence of smoke and debris particles in viable tumor cells, which would make the viability tests meaningless, was excluded. It is highly unlikely that viable tumor cells do occur in the waste products of CO2 laser tumor vaporization. PMID- 6797720 TI - Extranodal small lymphocytic proliferation: a clinicopathologic and immunocytochemical study. AB - Twelve patients who presented with extranodal small lymphocytic proliferations were studied. The patients ranged in age from 33 to 67 years; six were male and six female. Locations of the initial lesion included the conjunctiva and orbit, lung, stomach, small bowel, skin, and subcutis. The histopathologic picture in all cases was that of a dense infiltrate of small lymphocytes with rounded nuclei; there were usually admixed plasma cells and sometimes germinal centers. Immunoperoxidase staining for immunoglobulin light chains demonstrated monoclonality in four cases and polyclonality in four; results were inconclusive or blocks were unavailable in the remainder. Follow-up ranged from 53 to 216 months with a median of 92 months. In three cases, there was no recurrence or recurrence only at the site of initial involvement; in three, there was a sequential involvement of different extranodal sites without significant morbidity; and in six, there was progressive disease. One of the latter patients developed nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease 48 months after diagnosis of the small lymphocytic process. There was no correlation between histopathologic findings and clinical source. All of the four patients with monoclonal immunoperoxidase staining and two of those with polyclonal staining had a progressive course; in the two with polyclonal staining, monoclonality was demonstrated later. It is concluded that the behavior of extranodal small lymphocytic proliferations cannot be reliably predicted by histopathologic criteria and that immunoperoxidase findings may be helpful as an indicator of an adverse course when monoclonality is demonstrated. Additional studies concerning this latter point are desirable. PMID- 6797721 TI - A phase II study of combined 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C in advanced breast cancer. AB - In a Phase II study, 50 patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with a combination of 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 on days 1 and 2) and mitomycin C (6 mg/m2 on day 2) (FuMi regimen). The courses were repeated every third to sixth week. Although 35 patients had previously received combination chemotherapy and 40 patients had received endocrine treatment, objective responses were obtained in 29 patients (six complete, 23 partial). The survival was significantly correlated to the response (P less than 0.001, log rank test) complete versus partial response, partial response versus no change, no change versus progressive disease. The regimen was well tolerated (19 of 50 experienced nausea). Thirteen patients had hematopoietic toxicity at the day of starting a new course and in six cases, the FuMi regimen had to be discontinued because of longlasting thrombocytopenia. Otherwise, no side-effect of clinical importance was observed. The FuMi regimen is now compared with Adriamycin regimens and can be recommended for both first line chemotherapy and salvage chemotherapy. PMID- 6797722 TI - Phorbol esters parallel effects on tumor promotion, insulin release and calcium ionophoresis. AB - The tumor promoters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and phorbol 12,13 didecanoate (PDD) both stimulated insulin release from rat pancreatic islets and facilitated ionophore-mediated calcium transport in liposomes, the latter effect not resulting from a change in viscosity of the liposomial matrix. Phorbol and 4 alpha-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4 alpha-PDD), which fail to cause tumor promotion, also failed to stimulate insulin release and ionophore-mediated calcium transport. An alteration of calcium transport may represent a fundamental event in both the early (insulin release) and late (tumor promotion) biological responses to phorbol esters. PMID- 6797723 TI - Distribution of radioactivity following oral administration of carcinogenic 14CH3 labelled nitrosocarbaryl in the rat. AB - After a single intragastric administration of 14C-labelled carcinogenic nitrosocarbaryl, a nitrosated pesticide, the distribution of radioactivity was investigated in the blood and a number of organs in male rats. The animals received 0.25 mg/kg of labelled nitrosamine and were killed following administration at timed intervals between 0.5 h and 24 h. Our results show that the greatest amount of the 14CH3--group was associated with the forestomach, tumor-susceptible tissue; the level of radioactivity is noteworthy but less important in the glandular stomach. There are also sites of radioactivity accumulation mainly in the liver. Moreover, [14C]nitrosocarbaryl was revealed in the blood suggesting that nitrosamine itself rapidly (0.5 h) crosses the intestinal barrier and in a significant quantity (13%). These facts constitute a potential carcinogenic risk. PMID- 6797724 TI - Distribution of DNA-bound carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide and of repair synthesized DNA in chromatin of WI-38 cells. AB - Distribution of DNA-bound 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) and repair-synthesized DNA after treatment with 4NQO in chromatin was investigated with human diploid fibroblast WI-38. Cells were incubated with [3H] 4NQO, and sites of binding on chromatin DNA were analyzed either by sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease or DNase I, or by fractionation of chromatin on sucrose gradient centrifugation. The results showed that 4NQO preferentially binds to DNA of linker region of chromatin, but the binding was random with respect to transcriptional activity of chromatin. The distribution of repair-synthesized DNA in chromatin damaged by 4NQO was also studied by similar experiments. [3H] Thymidine incorporated into repaired DNA was more sensitive to nucleases, but distributed almost equally among DNAs of chromatin subfractions with different transcriptional activity. PMID- 6797725 TI - Influence of prolactin and growth hormone on rat mammary tumors induced by N nitrosomethylurea. AB - The effects of hypophysectomy and prolactin-suppressing drugs on the growth of mammary tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by N-nitrosomethylurea and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene were compared. The influence of ovine prolactin and growth hormone administration on N-nitrosomethylurea-induced tumors was also studied in hypophysectomized animals. After hypophysectomy, all 13 tumors induced in 13 rats by N-nitrosomethylurea underwent regression, as did ten of 12 induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. There were no new tumors. Pergolide mesylate, a long-acting ergoline derivative, was given in a dose of 80 micrograms twice daily by s.c. injection for 28 days. Only three of 12 N-nitrosomethylurea-induced tumors regressed, while four became static. However, only two new tumors developed in the 12 pergolide-treated rats, compared to 11 in the 12 untreated controls. Bromocriptine mesylate, at ten times the pergolide dose, was even less effective; one of 16 tumors regressed, two became static, and eight new tumors appeared in the 16 rats. In contrast, eight of 12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced tumors regressed during pergolide therapy, two became static, and there was only one new tumor among the 12 rats. Prolactin, 1 mg twice daily for 7 days by s.c. injection, was given to another eight rats bearing 11 N-nitrosomethylurea induced tumors, commencing 7 days after hypophysectomy. Regression of five tumors borne by four rats was reversed but resumed when treatment was stopped. Regression of five tumors in the other four animals was arrested without regrowth; the sixth became inpalpable. All of these six grew rapidly when growth hormone, 2 mg twice daily, was administered in addition to prolactin. PMID- 6797726 TI - Alkylation of N2 in deoxyguanosine by dehydroretronecine, a carcinogenic metabolite of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline. AB - Dehydroretronecine, an antimitotic and carcinogenic agent, reacted with deoxyguanosine at pH 7.4 in vitro to yield in nearly equal quantities two major adducts, which were isolated by thin-layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography. The adducts were stable at pH 8.7 and 30 degrees for at least 24 hr, showed pKas at acidic and alkaline pHs, reacted with 4-(p-nitrobenzyl) pyridine, had a nonexchangeable guan-8-yl proton, and contained equimolar quantities of the pyrrole and nucleoside moieties. From the above data and comparison of proton magnetic resonance spectra of dehydroretronecine, deoxyguanosine, and the adducts, both products were identified as derivatives with a bond between C-7 of dehydrosupinidine and N2 of deoxyguanosine. Mass spectral fragmentation patterns and infrared and ultraviolet absorbance spectra were also consistent with N2 substitution. Circular dichroism spectra established the identities of each of the adducts as 7-(deoxyguanosin-N2 yl)dehydrosupinidine; they are enantiomeric at C-7. These results demonstrate that the reactive electrophile derived from protonated dehydroretronecine readily alkylates the N2-position of deoxyguanosine at C-7 in an SN1 reaction to yield a racemic mixture of products. PMID- 6797727 TI - Depolymerization of glycosaminoglycuronans into di- and higher molecular-weight oligo-saccharides: improved preparation of N-acetyldermosine and oligomeric N acetylchondrosines. AB - Nonsulfated di- to octadeca-saccharides having 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose at the reducing end were prepared, in 81% yield, by treatment of chondroitin 6 sulfate (pyridinium salt) with dimethyl sulfoxide containing 10% of water for 14 h at 90 degrees. N-Acetylchondrosine and N-acetyldermosine were obtained from dermatan sulfate of rooster comb, in 30% and 38% yields, respectively, by solvolysis with dimethyl sulfoxide, containing 10% of water, for 30 h at 105 degrees. Hyaluronic acid was also depolymerized by the same solvent in the presence of an equimolar amount of pyridinium sulfate or chloride per disaccharide unit to give reducing di- and higher molecular weight oligo saccharides. The results of solvolytic desulfation and depolymerization are compared with those of the conventional methods by acid hydrolysis. PMID- 6797728 TI - Structural studies of the antigenic polysaccharide of Eubacterium saburreum, strain S29. PMID- 6797729 TI - Structural and immunological studies of the Haemophilus influenzae type d capsular polysaccharide. AB - Employing a combination of chemical and spectroscopic techniques, the structure of the Haemophilus influenzae type d capsular polysaccharide was found to be leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-ManNAcA-(1 leads to. L-Alanine, L serine, and L-threonine, in the molar ratios of approximately 1.0:1.0:0.3, were linked to C-6 of the D-mannosyluronic residue as amides; the (serine + alanine + threonine) to ManNAcA ratio was approximately 0.95:1.0. Removal of the amino acids by mild hydrolysis with sodium hydroxide resulted in a material that was cross-reactive with the native, type d polymer. The base-treated, type d polysaccharide was not observed to cross-react with either the H. influenzae type e or Escherichia coli K7 capsular polysaccharide, both of which are structurally similar to type d. PMID- 6797730 TI - Natural-abundance 13C-n.m.r. spectra of some model compounds for uncommon glycopeptide linkages in glycoproteins. PMID- 6797731 TI - 13C-n.m.r.-spectral study of D-galactopyranosyl and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D galactopyranosyl glycopeptides relevant to glycoproteins. PMID- 6797732 TI - Evaluation of antianginal drug treatment by precordial exercise electrocardiography. AB - We tried to assess the efficacy of precordial exercise electrocardiography (PEE) in evaluating various antianginal drugs. PEE was performed by 18 precordial electrodes. Leads V2-V7 were recorded at their usual position and one intercostal space higher and lower. The Bruce treadmill exercise protocol was used. A positivity index (PI) was formulated as follows. The total sum of maximal ST segment depression (sigma ST reduced) X 100 was divided by the product of the number of precordial leads X minutes of exercise duration: (Formula: see text). The PI was measured basally and after the administration of nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment, 7.5 mg (7 patients), propranolol (P) 20-40 mg, 3 times daily (7 patients) and nifedipine (N), 10 mg 3-4 times daily (7 patients). A significant decrease of the PI was seen with NTG (p less than 0.01) and P (p less than 0.05) but not with N. However, in the N group, 2 patients had a significant increase in heart frequency, with resultant exercise deterioration. The remaining 6 patients had a satisfactory response to the drug (p less than 0.05). The PI is useful in assessing the antianginal efficacy of various medications. From our study it is suggested that inordinate tachycardia may negate the beneficial effect of N in some patients. PMID- 6797733 TI - R-wave amplitude and left ventricular volume: changes with nitroglycerine and atrial pacing. AB - The relationship between R-wave amplitude and left ventricular volume was examined using two groups of patients, undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterisation for investigation of chest pain, who had simultaneous R-wave recording and left ventricular angiography. R-wave amplitude was measured in leads 1, 2, 3 and V4-6. Left ventricular volume was altered by nitroglycerine (n = 18) and atrial pacing (n = 13). In both groups, increase or decrease in left ventricular volume was associated with a concomitant change of R-wave amplitude. We conclude that left ventricular volume is an important determinant of surface recorded R waves with increased amplitude reflecting increased left ventricular volume and vice versa. PMID- 6797734 TI - Treadmill exercise protocols to demonstrate effectiveness of nitrate drugs in relief of angina pectoris; duration of action and degree of functional enhancement. AB - During constant uninterrupted exercise with mild angina present, either placebo, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate or erythrityl trinitrate was given by buccal membrane absorption. Placebo produced no relief and exercise had to be stopped. Nitroglycerin produced rapid complete relief and the long-acting drugs effected relief more slowly but of long duration as shown on repetitive walks as long as 3 h after drug administration. PMID- 6797735 TI - The nitroglycerin exercise test. AB - The nitroglycerin (NTG) exercise test can help in detecting ischemia in the presence of right bundle branch block (RBBB), left bundle branch block (LBBB), or digitalis-induced exercise ST changes and in excluding ischemia when a falsely positive test is suspected. This treadmill test has 3-min stages at 10% grade starting at 1.5 mph and progressing in 0.5 mph increments until ST depression is observed. NTG is then given as exercise continues at the ischemia-provoking work load for up to 10 min. Among 3 patients with RBBB, 5 with LBBB, 1 on digitalis and 2 with presumed falsely positive tests, those whose ST depression lessened after NTG had ischemic thallium exercise scans; those with no change in ST depression after NTG had normal thallium images. Additional studies are needed to verify the consistency of these findings among a larger group of patients. PMID- 6797736 TI - Protein synthesis during systolic and diastolic cardiac overloading in rats: a comparative study. AB - The rate of protein synthesis in the heart of normal rats and those with either abdominal aortic stenosis (AS), aortic incompetence (AI) or both AS + AI, was measured by a continuous infusion of (3H) lysine. The total protein synthesis rate in normal animals averaged 13% per day. During bot types of hypertrophy, there was an increased incorporation of (3H) lysine into proteins without any significant change in the specific radioactivity of free lysine in the tissue. After 6 days of stenosis, the synthesis rate of total mixed RNA-free proteins of the two ventricles had increased to 24.8% per day, and returned to normal by the second week. After aortic incompetence, the average fractional rate of protein synthesis was near normal during the first week and a significant increase (up to 28% per day) was observed only after 2 to 3 weeks. Protein synthesis returned to normal by the first month. The rate of protein synthesis was normal in the final stage of cardiac overloading comparable to that obtained when both stenosis and incompetence had been combined. These results were in agreement with in vitro studies which showed a normal protein synthesis rate during the first hours of volume overloading It was hypothesised that the trigger for protein synthesis in both conditions was a decline in efficiency due to a change in the speed of shortening. PMID- 6797737 TI - Prostacyclin (PGI2) lowers heart rate in the conscious dog. PMID- 6797738 TI - Localization of diamine oxidase in pig kidney: immunofluorescence method. PMID- 6797739 TI - Localization of diamine oxidase in pig kidney: immunoperoxidase method. PMID- 6797740 TI - Modulation of natural cytotoxicity by alloantibodies. V. The mechanism of a selective augmenting effect of anti-H-2 antisera on the natural killer activity of mouse spleen cells. PMID- 6797741 TI - [Evolution of the social life]. PMID- 6797742 TI - [Automatic sampler of alveolar gases]. PMID- 6797743 TI - Synthetic nucleosides and nucleotides. XVIII. Synthesis and cytostatic activity of 5-fluoropyrimidine nucleosides of 3-amino-3-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranose and related compounds. PMID- 6797744 TI - Tumor visualization by 99mTc-labeled ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid. PMID- 6797745 TI - Caring for our patients - fact or legend - an economic view. PMID- 6797746 TI - Phase I--II evaluation of combination cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine, and prednisone in advanced breast cancer. AB - A four-drug combination of intermittent high-dose cyclophosphamide with 5 fluorouracil, hexamethylmelamine, and prednisone was given to 19 patients with advanced breast cancer. Objective response was documented in 7 of 18 evaluable patients. The median duration of response was 99 days. Response was observed in 6/7 patients without visceral disease and 1/11 patients with visceral disease. Toxicity was acceptable and no life-threatening toxicity was observed. Three patients have received the four-drug combination for more than 1 year without serious side effects. This regimen may serve as an alternative treatment for patients without visceral metastasis who have failed to respond to other combination chemotherapy regimens. PMID- 6797747 TI - [Sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antibiotics: methodologic considerations]. PMID- 6797748 TI - [An epidemic of meningococcal infection in Vietnam (southern provinces)]. PMID- 6797749 TI - Diaplacental initiation of NMRI mice with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene during gestation days 6--20 and postnatal treatment of the F1-generation with the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate: tumor incidence in organs other than the skin. AB - The tumor spectrum and tumor incidence in organs other than the skin were investigated in the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) treated F 1 generation of 13 groups of NMRI mice which had been initiated by a single intragastric dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene during days 6, 8, and 10--20 of pregnancy. Promotion by topical application of TPA to the back skin was carried out twice per week 12 weeks after birth over a period of 26 weeks. The forestomach epithelium represented the only organ in which statistically significant 2-stage carcinogenesis could be demonstrated. A promotion effect could be seen in tumors of the Harderian gland, of the liver of male animals and on the development of both benign and malignant tumors of the lung in both sexes. Promotion treatment therefore led to an activation of initiated tumor cells in those organs in which a very sensitive, more or less narrowly spaced oncogenic determination period exists. PMID- 6797750 TI - Phorbol esters stimulate the rapid release of choline from prelabelled cells. PMID- 6797752 TI - Exacerbation of vasotonic angina pectoris by propranolol. AB - Using a double-blind protocol, we investigated the use of propranolol in patients with coronary artery spasm as assessed by subjective and objective variables. Both low-dose (40 mg every 6 hours) and high-dose (160 mg every 6 hours) propranolol were administered. At both doses, the duration of angina attacks was significantly prolonged but the frequency was not. We conclude that propranolol at doses up to 160 mg every 6 hours as single therapy is frequently detrimental in angina pectoris due to coronary artery spasm and should not be used as the sole treatment of this disorder. PMID- 6797751 TI - Phospholipase activity in skin after application of phorbol esters and 3 methylcholanthrene. AB - Topical administration of the promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), is accompanied by an increased incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid into mouse skin and a very significant activation of epidermal cell membrane phospholipase A2 without affecting intracellular acid phospholipase. Similar enhancement in epidermal cell phospholipase A2 was observed after application of phorbol-12,13-didecanoate or 3-methylcholanthrene to mouse skin. A small but significant increase in phospholipase A2 activity is also seen after application of the nonpromoter irritant, acetic acid. The elevated levels of the prostaglandins observed in mouse skin after topical application of promoters are probably triggered by the activation of this membrane enzyme. PMID- 6797753 TI - Action of intracoronary nitroglycerin in refractory coronary artery spasm. AB - Coronary artery spasm usually responds to sublingual nitroglycerin. This report describes four patients with variant angina and one patient with rest angina who had coronary spasm that was refractory to sublingual or i.v. nitroglycerin. In four patients, spasm occurred spontaneous and in one patient after 0.05 mg of ergonovine. In each case, 25-100 micrograms of intracoronary nitroglycerin promptly (30-45 seconds) resulted in reopacification of the vessel involved in spasm and resolution of evidence for ischemia. Thus, intracoronary nitroglycerin can reverse coronary artery spasm that does not respond to systemic nitroglycerin administration. PMID- 6797755 TI - Sodium cromoglycate delivered by pressurized aerosol in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 6797754 TI - A clinical comparison of topical clobetasone butyrate and sodium cromoglycate in allergic conjunctivitis. AB - Clobetasone butyrate (0.1%), a new topical corticosteroid eye preparation for the treatment of ocular inflammation, has been compared with sodium cromoglycate (2%) eye drops in thirty-nine patients experiencing allergic conjunctivitis during the hay fever season. In this double-blind, within-patient comparative study both preparations were effective in relieving the patients' symptoms of conjunctivitis. However, clobetasone butyrate was clinically more effective than sodium cromoglycate as determined by symptom score card analysis (P less than 0.01) and the patients' overall assessment of treatment (P less than 0.05). Patients' preference for the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was markedly in favour of clobetasone butyrate (P less than 0.001). PMID- 6797756 TI - Prolactin response to TRH in vitiligo. PMID- 6797757 TI - Apparent loss of apolipoprotein B immunoreactivity of isolated low density lipoprotein during storage: consequences for the quantification of apolipoprotein B in human plasma. PMID- 6797758 TI - Involvement of sialic acid residues in electroimmunodiffusion of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. A method for determining the degree of sialylation of serum glycoproteins. AB - When the two immunological methods, radial immunodiffusion (RID) and electroimmunodiffusion (EID), were used for the determination of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, a significant discrepancy in the results was encountered depending on the degree of sialylation. It appeared that with desialylated alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, amounts estimated by EID were much lower than those actually present as assayed by the RID method. Determination of glycoprotein samples treated with neuraminidase for varying periods of time revealed an increasing underestimation by the EID method with decreasing sialic acid content. Partial resialylation of asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by bovine colostrum beta galactoside alpha (2 leads to 6) sialyltransferase on the other hand resulted in less underestimation. Differential determination of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein by the two immunological methods thus offers a method for the estimation of the degree of sialylation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and other sialoglycoproteins in serum and body fluids. PMID- 6797759 TI - The Hurler syndrome: detection of patients and heterozygotes using a microassay for alpha-L-iduronidase in fibroblasts. AB - The activities of alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76) were measured, by a microassay with phenyl-alpha-L-iduronide as the substrate, in cultured fibroblasts from patients with the Hurler syndrome (MPS IH) or the Scheie syndrome (MPS IS) and from heterozygotes.l The iduronidase activities in the cells from 44 MPS IH and 7 MPS IS patients were all strongly reduced and distinct from the activities in heterozygotes and normal controls. In a group of 24 obligate heterozygotes for MPS IH, 23 could be classified as heterozygotes when the average iduronidase activities of two independent assays were considered. The use of a standard enzyme preparation as a reference in the assays further improved the identification of heterozygosity. The testing of possible heterozygotes (relatives of patients) and their partners may be a valuable contribution in genetic counselling. PMID- 6797760 TI - An accurate fluorometric method to measure the breakdown of gliadin and gliadin peptides. AB - A simple and accurate method is described to measure the breakdown of gliadin and gliadin peptides. It involves measuring the release of the predominant amino acids glutamine and glutamic acid using a fluorometric double enzyme assay and contains none of the problems normally associated with previously used techniques. The assay is highly accurate in that small concentrations of the free amino acids can be measured with no interference from the peptide bound amino acids. The assay system was used to study the breakdown of: whole gliadin, a peptic/tryptic digest of gliadin (PT gliadin), and a peptic/tryptic/chymotryptic digest of gliadin (PTC gliadin) using a rat intestinal brush border fraction. Both PT and PTC gliadin are hydrolysed at higher rates than is whole gliadin. Exhaustive hydrolysis shows that a brush border fraction can totally break down PT gliadin while an initial linear rate of breakdown is observed (up to 60 min). PMID- 6797761 TI - Changes in the serum concentrations of thyroxine-binding prealbumin and retinol binding protein following burn injury. AB - Concentrations of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were measured by one-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis in sequential serum samples obtained from 16 patients suffering from burns of between 2 and 37% of the body surface area. The patients were assigned into two groups suffering from either moderate or mild burns on the basis of an age-related predictive index. In both groups the levels of TBPA and RBP fell with lowest levels occurring at 6 days post-burn. The time taken to return to normal levels was longer in the moderately burned group than in the mildly burned group. There was an association between the lowest levels reached and the severity of the burn as assessed by % burn area. This association was stronger when severity was assessed by the age related predictive index. PMID- 6797762 TI - Heterozygote detection of type I Gaucher disease using blood platelets. AB - This report describes a reliable and reproducible method for the identification of carriers of Type I Gaucher disease using blood platelets as the source of beta glucosidase and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucoside as substrate. Platelet lysates have at least two identifiable beta-glucosidase activities with the synthetic substrate. One is maximally active at pH 5.0 in the absence of sodium taurocholate and the other at pH 5.6 in the presence of taurocholate. In platelets of Gaucher homozygotes and heterozygotes, the beta-glucosidase activity at pH 5.6 with the bile salt is reduced whereas the activity at pH 5.0 is the same in non-carriers, carriers and affected patients. In addition to differences in specific activity, the ratio of beta-hexosaminidase to beta-glucosidase activities is a useful parameter in the evaluation of the carrier state. Since carriers have normal activity of hexosaminidase and a reduced activity of beta glucosidase, their mean activity ratio is about 70% higher than in non-carriers. Therefore we propose that the specific activity of beta-glucosidase at pH 5.6 in the presence of sodium taurocholate with the ratio of beta-hexosaminidase to beta glucosidase serve as useful and reliable indices in the evaluation of the carrier state for Gaucher disease. PMID- 6797763 TI - Inherited thyroxine excess: a serum abnormality due to an increased affinity for modified albumin. AB - Further analysis of sera from euthyroid subjects with dominantly-inherited, elevated serum total thyroxine (T4) and free T4 index but with normal free T4 levels was performed as an extension of a previous study (Hennemann et al., 1979a). Scatchard analysis and isoelectric focusing of whole sera and purified serum fractions suggest that this T4 excess is due to increased T4 binding by modified serum albumin. Recognition of this syndrome and appreciation that the free T4 index does not reflect the free T4 levels is important to protect patients from the consequences of an incorrect diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6797764 TI - Rise in plasma growth hormone in response to exogenous LRH in Klinefelter's syndrome. AB - In a group of sixteen patients with Klinefelter's syndrome (KS) aged from 2 years 8 months to 31 years, a study was made of the plasma growth hormone (hGH) response to LRH (50 micrograms/m2 i.v.; n=16), TRH (200 micrograms i.v.; n=14) and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (0.1 u R.I,/kg i.v.; n=6). There was a rise in hGH following LRH from a level below 5 ng/ml during fasting to a level above 8 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) in nine (56.3%) of the sixteen patients tested; a similar response was found in only one of a control group of fifteen boys matched for age. TRH stimulation led to a rise in hGH in one of the fourteen KS patients tested, with none in the control group. Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia elicited a normal response of hGH in the six KS patients tested, from 1.8 +/- 0.7 to 16.5 +/ 3.7 ng/ml, (M +/- SD, P less than 0.001). Basal prolactin (PRL) levels were normal in the KS patients (9.4 +/- 4.1 ng/ml, M +/- SD) but the response to TRH stimulation was significantly higher (63.3 +/- 40 ng/ml; P less than 0.01) than that of the control group (30 +/- 15 ng/ml). Plasma gonadotrophin levels and the response to LRH stimulation were increased in all of the KS patients except those below the age of 13. Plasma TSH levels and the response to TRH stimulation as well as the levels of serum thyroxine were found to be normal in all the KS patients tested. The abnormal rise of hGH following LRH stimulation and of PRL following TRH stimulation suggests a disturbance in the neuroendocrine regulation mechanisms of these hormones in KS. PMID- 6797765 TI - T3 kinetics in euthyroid Graves' disease patients who exhibit hyper responsiveness to TRH after radioiodine treatment. AB - A major reduction in T3 turnover has been demonstrated previously in clinically hypothyroid patients. We have used non-compartmental (NC) and monocompartmental (MC) analysis to study ten patients with Graves' disease who, following treatment with radioactive iodine (RAI), are now clinically euthyroid but who showed hyper responsiveness to TRH although serum T3 and T4 concentrations are within the normal range. T3 production rate (PR), metabolic clearance rate (MRC) and fractional-turnover (K) were all significantly reduced in patients compared with seven controls (P less than 0.01). T3, MCR and PR were consistently higher, and T3 K lower, when calculated by MC, than values calculated by NC analysis. The difference in T3 production rates between patients (mean 16.6 nmol/day) and controls (mean 38.9 nmol/day) raises the question of replacement therapy in patients who are apparently euthyroid but TRH hyper-responsive. PMID- 6797766 TI - [The effect of bromocriptine induced estradiol-17 beta in amenorrhea patients with normoprolactinemia and hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797767 TI - Longitudinal comparison of intermittent versus continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, in the same patients. AB - Twelve patients who had been on intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD) for an average of 18.3 months each, were switched to continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). CAPD experience is now 118 patient months (average 9.8 months per patient), and ten patients remain on CAPD. Serum chemistries reflected the change to continuous dialysis with a fall in serum creatinine, potassium, uric acid, phosphate, and BUN. The total CO2 rose markedly, indicating prevention of the recurrent metabolic acidosis experienced in IPD. Serum phosphate fell significantly into the normal range. Serum calcium rose slightly in six patients and significantly in three others. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity rose in seven patients, without development of clinical evidence of bone disease. Mean hematocrit values were higher in most patients of CAPD, but fell again after one year. The transient nature of the rise in hematocrit suggests that improved volume control, as reflected in blood pressure changes, may play a role in the frequently reported increase in hematocrit on CAPD. Despite an increase in peritonitis rate (one infection per 5.9 patient months on CAPD, versus one per 12.2 patient months on IPD), CAPD offers several distinct advantages over IPD, especially in control of uremic acidosis, phosphate retention, blood pressure and fluid management, as well as an overall improvement in physical and psychosocial well-being. PMID- 6797768 TI - Unresolved questions concerning coronary care units. PMID- 6797769 TI - Can acute phase reactants distinguish benign and malignant disease of the upper gut? PMID- 6797770 TI - Selected aspects of neuroanesthesia. PMID- 6797771 TI - Agents for cerebral edema. AB - Hyperventilation, ventricular drainage, and mannitol remain the mainstays of the treatment of cerebral edema not amenable to or following surgical therapy. There appears to be good therapeutic rationale for the use of "low-dose" mannitol in more prolonged treatment of intracranial hypertension (Table 5.1). The beneficial effects of steroids, either in "standard" or "high" doses, is less clear but, pending evidence to the contrary, we favor the use of "high-dose" corticosteroid therapy. Barbiturates appear to hold promise, but pending controlled, randomized trials to confirm or refute their efficacy, the logistics of their use, as well as their potential complications, precludes their widespread use outside of major centers. Certainly, the "ideal" agent for the treatment of cerebral edema, one that would selectively mobilize and/or prevent the formation of edema fluid with a rapid onset and prolonged duration of action, and with minimal side effects, remains to be discovered. In the meantime, research to refine the use of the older agents and determine the usefulness of the newer ones should be encouraged. PMID- 6797772 TI - Seminal analysis. PMID- 6797773 TI - Luteal phase dysfunction. PMID- 6797774 TI - Is the pro-adhesive activity of plasma von Willebrand factor counteracted by a physiological inhibitor of platelet adhesiveness? AB - 1. Abnormal plasma levels of von Willebrand factor are accompanied by abnormal platelet function in some disease states. 2. Platelet retention in glass bead columns, platelet aggregation in vitro, beta-thromboglobulin and 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha were monitored in six normal male volunteers before and after an acute rise of von Willebrand factor, as induced by the intravenous administration of 1-deamino 8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP). 3. After DDAVP a steady twofold rise of von Willebrand factor occurred. Platelet retention increased by 74% immediately after DDAVP but returned to baseline values within 60-120 min. No consistent changes of the other variables were observed. 4. These results suggest that as yet unidentified mechanism(s) inhibits the pro-adhesive activity of von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6797775 TI - A monoclonal antibody for immunopurification of human renin. PMID- 6797776 TI - Vasodepressor effects of arachidonic acid and prostacyclin (PGI2) in hypertensive rats. AB - 1. Vasodepressor responses to prostacyclin and nitroprusside were compared in anaesthetized, spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto strain and Wistar- Kyoto controls, and also in one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats and unilaterally nephrectomized controls of the Sprague--Dawley strain. The responses, measured as a percentage of resting blood pressure, did not differ significantly between the hypertensive rats and the normotensive controls within each strain. 2. The effects of intravenous injections of arachidonic acid were also studied in each strain. 3. The vasodepressor effects of high doses of arachidonic acid (1 or 3 mg/kg) were much greater and more prolonged in both groups of hypertensive rats. These differences were abolished by indomethacin (2 mg/kg). 4. Comparisons between the strains showed that whereas Okamoto rats have significantly greater depressor responsiveness to nitroprusside and prostacyclin than Sprague--Dawley rats, the depressor effects of high doses of arachidonic acid (1 and 3 mg/kg) were smaller in the normotensive Wistar--Kyoto than in the Sprague--Dawley rats. 5. It is concluded that hypertensive rats have enhanced ability to transform exogenous arachidonic acid into vasodilator prostanoids. This occurs both in spontaneous hypertension and in experimental renal hypertension. However, rats of the Okamoto strain appear to have reduced ability to form prostacyclin when compared with Sprague--Dawley rats. PMID- 6797777 TI - Does long-term low-dose corticosteroid therapy cause hypertension? AB - 1. One hundred and ninety-five patients undergoing low-dose prednisone or prednisolone therapy were investigated. Blood pressure, weight, serum urea, sodium and potassium were recorded before therapy and again after at least 1 year of therapy. 2. The rise in both mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure was paralleled by an increase in the prevalence of arbitrarily defined hypertension. 3. There was no relationship between change of blood pressure and either dose of corticosteroid or duration of therapy. Blood pressure before therapy was the main determinant of the change in blood pressure. 4. Mean serum sodium levels rose slightly but serum potassium levels did not change during the follow-up period. There was no significant weight gain. 5. These results indicate that treatment of asthma and rheumatoid arthritis with prednisolone or prednisolone in low dose does not cause hypertension or biochemical features suggestive of mineralocorticoid excess. PMID- 6797778 TI - Effects of short-term and long-term treatment with cardio-selective and non selective beta-receptor blockade on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and on plasma catecholamines at rest and during exercise. AB - 1. The effects on glucose and lipid metabolism and on plasma catecholamines at rest and during exercise, of 4 weeks treatment with non-selective beta-blockade (pindolol, 15 mg daily) and with cardio-selective blockade (metoprolol, 200 mg, and acebutolol, 500 mg, respectively) were compared in different groups of hypertensive men (mean age 37 years) by single blind cross-over technique. All patients continued the treatment with either metoprolol or acebutolol for another 12--14 months. 2. All antagonists reduced blood pressures and exercise heart rates in a virtually identical manner. Whereas lipolysis was similarly inhibited by both selective beta 1-antagonists and non-selective beta 1-beta 2-blockers, glycogenolysis in the muscle was inhibited only by non-selective beta-receptor blockade. 3. The inhibition of glycogen breakdown resulted in exercise hypoglycaemia and in increases of plasma adrenaline and ACTH, which probably reflect counter-regulatory mechanisms. No major metabolic changes occurred after 12--14 months compared with 4 weeks of treatment. PMID- 6797779 TI - Cognition and neural systems. PMID- 6797780 TI - Pediatric neurofibromatosis: review. PMID- 6797781 TI - Levonorgestrel and estradiol release from an improved contraceptive vaginal ring. PMID- 6797782 TI - A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. II Subjective and objective measures of effects. An international comparative trial. AB - Comparative clinical trials of 2 sizes of contraceptive vaginal rings and of an oral contraceptive were undertaken at 8 investigational sites (9 clinics). More than 500 women enrolled on each of the 3 study regimens. Side effects of the rings and of Nordette, the oral contraceptive, were evaluated by noting spontaneous complaints, by recording medications taken and by physical examination. Inquiries about changes in the frequency of specific conditions were made at the end of the subjects participation in the first year of the study. The incidence of spontaneous complaints was similar among users of the 2 different sized rings and of the pill. PMID- 6797783 TI - A multicenter study of levonorgestrel-estradiol contraceptive vaginal rings. III Menstrual patterns. An international comparative trial. AB - Menstrual events among users of contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs), releasing levonorgestrel and estradiol, were studied in comparison with a combined oral contraceptive, Nordette, in multicentered trials. CVRs were made with outside diameters of 50 and 58 mm and released about 250 micrograms and 290 microgram of levonorgestrel and 150 microgram and 180 microgram of estradiol per day, respectively. The CVRs were used continuously for 3 weeks and then removed for 1 week. Both the CVRs and Nordette were perceived to reduce menstrual flow and days of menstrual bleeding. Twenty to 25% of CVR users perceived increased intermenstrual bleeding or spotting. Diaries indicate, however, that on average, CVR users experienced about 1 day per month of bleeding or spotting with the ring in place. CVRs and Nordette produced approximately the same total number of bleeding and spotting days during 6 cycles of use, 27-29, but the small (50-mm OD) ring was associated with somewhat more spotting. This ring was also associated with somewhat more prolonged bleeding and spotting runs and with more prolonged nonbleeding intervals than reported by users of the larger (58-mm OD) ring or of Nordette. Differences among regimens, however, tended to be small even when statistically significant. Evidence from menstrual diaries indicates that these CVRs, and in particular 58-mm ring, provide control over the menstrual cycle comparable to the Nordette. PMID- 6797784 TI - Comparison of the metabolic effects of two hormonal contraceptive methods: an oral formulation and a vaginal ring. I. Carbohydrate metabolism and liver function. AB - A prospective, long-term study was undertaken to compare the metabolic effects of a contraceptive vaginal ring releasing levonorgestrel (about 290 microgram per day) and estradiol (about 180 microgram per day) and a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 microgram ethinylestradiol and 150 microgram levonorgestrel in two groups of women (n = 22 and 20, respectively). An intravenous glucose tolerance test, including determination of the insulin response to glucose, and liver function tests were performed. Both the glucose tolerance and fasting values of glucose were unaltered. The early insulin response to glucose increased by 50 percent in the contraceptive ring roup after one year of treatment, but not in the oral contraceptive group. All other insulin values were unchanged. All liver function values remained within the normal range in all subjects. There was a small significant decrease in alkaline phosphatases in both groups, which is in contrast to the effects of the early combined pills, which could cause an elevation. It is concluded that neither of these two contraceptive methods, the effects of which are predominantly gestagenic, seems to cause impairment of glucose tolerance or hepatic function. PMID- 6797785 TI - The effect on lipids and lipoproteins of a contraceptive vaginal ring containing levonorgestrel and estradiol. AB - Lipids and lipoproteins were studied in controls and women using contraceptive vaginal rings (CVRs). The groups were comparable for race, age, parity, obesity indices, alcohol ingestion, smoking, diet and exercise. Fasting blood samples were obtained twice before CVR treatment, after 2 and 7 weeks of treatment and 1 week thereafter. The women using the CVR had a significant incremental reduction of cholesterol from baseline to treatment which was distributed among all the lipoprotein classes. The cholesterol/HDL-C ratio was significantly increased with treatment. All mena changes were within the reference range. The reduction in HDL and especially in the subclasses HDL 2a and HDL 2b were significant and outside the reference range. The LDL/HDL ratio increased significantly, while the LDL/HDL 2a+2b ratio increased significantly outside the reference range with treatment. Of the lipid and lipoprotein measurements that changed significantly with treatment, HDL-C, HDL, HDL 2a LDL/HDL and LDL/HDL 2a+2b changed significantly towards baseline in the 1-week-off treatment. The potential reduction in predicted coronary risk with the use of the CVR suggested by a reduction in cholesterol was counterbalanced by a reduction in HDL-C and increases in the cholesterol/HDL-C and LDL/HDL ratios. The potential clinical implications of these findings remain to be determined. PMID- 6797786 TI - Comparison of the metabolic effects of two hormonal contraceptive methods: an oral formulation and a vaginal ring. II. Serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. AB - In a long-term, prospective study the effects on lipoprotein lipids and apolipoproteins (apo) of a combined oral contraceptive (OC) (30 micro gram ethinylestradiol and 150 micro gram levonorgestrel) and a contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) releasing estradiol (about 180 micro gram per day) and levonorgestrel (about 290 micro gram per day) were compared. The two treatments induced significantly different effects. In the OC group the lipoprotein-lipid concentrations showed only minor changes, but apolipoproteins (apo) B and A-I increased by about 15%. In contrast, during treatment with the CVR there was a 25% decrement of cholesterol in high density lipoprotein (HDL) and at most 10% in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, with only minor effects on apo B and A I. The ratio of LDL and HDL cholesterol increased in the CVR group but not in the OC group. The results also indicate a change in the composition of the LDL and HDL particles, with an altered lipid/protein ratio, during both contraceptive treatments. Despite the impressive relative increase in LDL:HDL ratio in the contraceptive ring group, the average absolute value of this ratio did not reach the mena for healthy men. PMID- 6797787 TI - Lipoprotein patterns in women in Santo Domingo using a levonorgestrel/estradiol contraceptive ring. AB - Ten healthy, normally menstruating women attending a family planning clinic in Santo Domingo Participated in a study to determine the effects on plasma lipid levels of levonorgestrel and estradiol released from a contraceptive ring. A schedule of 21 days of use followed by 7 days of non-use was followed for 6 cycles. During the first two cycles of use, concentrations of cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol declined significantly from control levels, up to 25% for cholesterol, 28% for HDL cholesterol, 45% for friglycerides and 24% for LDL cholesterol. There were no subsequent changes with continued use. These declines are similar in direction but of lesser magnitude than those reported from clinics in other countries where pretreatment plasma levels of the same lipids are considerably higher. There was no significant change in the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio during treatment. PMID- 6797788 TI - The effect of a contraceptive vaginal ring and oral contraceptives on the vaginal flora. AB - Premenopausal women seeking a steroid contraceptive method were allowed to choose between a contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR) containing levonorgestrel and estradiol used in a 3-week in, 1-week out regimen (n=20) and an oral contraceptive (OC) containing levonorgestrel and ethinyl estradiol in a 28-day regimen (n = 10). Cultures from the posterior vaginal fornix were obtained before therapy in both groups and monthly for 6 months for the CVR group and after 1, 3, and 6 months for the OC group. These cultures were streaked on specific media to provide quantitative aerobic and anaerobic, lactobacillus, Candida sp., Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae counts in micro-organisms per milliliter. A comparison of the number and types of organisms isolated from vaginal cultures obtained initially and at 6 months demonstrated no statistically significant differences in colony counts between CVR and OC users. The results of this study suggest that the use of the CVR is not associated with a greater growth of pathogens than is oral administration of a progestin and estrogen combination. PMID- 6797790 TI - Clinical correlates of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - The hospital records of 7 patients with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) were reviewed. All patients were ventilator dependent for prolonged periods (mean duration intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 14.3 +/- 3.5 months) but eventually were successfully weaned from mechanical ventilation and sent home. The early phase of the disease was characterized by excessive CO2 retention, tachypnea, and inability to tolerate reductions in IMV. A turning point was reached halfway through the course of mechanical ventilation (7.3 +/- 1.4 months) which was identified by a persistent and significant reduction in PaCO2 and spontaneous respiratory rate. Thereafter, gradual reductions in IMV were generally well tolerated. Average monthly weight gain was less prior to the turning point it was subsequently. PMID- 6797791 TI - BB-K 122: in vitro and in vivo activity against ocular pathogens. AB - BB-K 122 is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic and an analogue of amikacin. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo activity of BB-K 122 and gentamicin against important ocular pathogens. BB-K 122 and gentamicin demonstrated generally equivalent in vitro antibacterial activity, except that gentamicin was more active against Streptococcus sp. BB-K 122 showed significant in vitro activity against important ophthalmic pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and species of Klebsiella, Escherichia, Proteus, Haemophilus, and Moraxella. Solutions of BB-K 122 (1%) and gentamicin sulfate (0.3%) were compared in an experimentally induced rabbit keratoconjunctivitis model. Rabbit eyes infected with P. aeruginosa or S. pneumoniae were treated with one of the two antibiotic formulations and evaluated after 24 h. A topical formulation of 1% BB-K 122 was at least as effective as gentamicin sulfate (0.3%) solution against these infections. PMID- 6797792 TI - The effect of calcium dobesilate on albumin leakage of the conjunctival vessels. AB - Calcium dobesilate significantly reduced the leakage of serum albumin in the tear fluid in patients with chronic inflammatory reactions of the conjunctiva. In the majority of cases reduction of serum albumin concentration in the tear-fluid was treatment related. The marked increase in tear albumin concentration after treatment, found in two cases, was caused by a sharp increase in the inflammatory reaction due to an exacerbation of the underlying disease during the trial period. No relation was found between improvement of symptoms as reported by the patients and alterations in serum albumin concentrations. PMID- 6797789 TI - The immunoglobulins of the cat. PMID- 6797793 TI - The price of immunotherapy. PMID- 6797795 TI - Mechanisms of oxygen effects on exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6797794 TI - Pulmonary reaction to durum wheat; a constituent of grain dust. AB - To identify constituents of grain dust responsible for grain handlers' respiratory symptoms, 11 volunteer grain elevator workers underwent inhalation provocation tests with extracts of durum wheat, durum wheat airborne dust, and grain insects and mites. Factors that might influence the host response to the challenge were assessed. Five of the 11 subjects showed a greater than 20 percent decrement in FEV1 after inhalation of durum wheat extracts (airways reaction). The bronchial reactions were immediate in 1/5 and late in 4/5. These airway reactions were blocked by sodium cromoglycate. Only one subject showed airway reaction to durum wheat dust extract, and none reacted to mites or insect extracts. There was no change in DLCO, temperature, or in total C3 complement blood levels, nor was there evidence of activation of complement by the alternate or classic pathway. The airway response was not always related to the atopic status of the individual. The reaction is more likely to occur in subjects with preexisting airway obstruction and nonspecific bronchial hyperreactivity. Durum wheat has been identified as an inducer of occupational asthma in grain handlers. This reaction is probably due to specific or nonspecific mediator release. There was no apparent parenchymal or systemic reaction or complement activation detectable in the subjects' sera after inhalation of durum wheat extracts. PMID- 6797796 TI - Clinical analysis of 120 cases of primary amenorrhea. PMID- 6797797 TI - Influence of late-pregnancy toxemia on the fetus. PMID- 6797798 TI - Reevaluation of fosfomycin: clinical and laboratory studies. PMID- 6797799 TI - Studies on the rapid detection of Dengue virus antigen by immunofluorescence an radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6797800 TI - Astrovirus in autumn infantile gastroenteritis. PMID- 6797801 TI - Androst-4-ene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol dicyclopentylpropionate combined with traditional Chinese drugs in chronic aplastic anemia. PMID- 6797802 TI - Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration): clinical analysis of 80 cases. PMID- 6797803 TI - Long-term results of cerebral hemispherectomy: follow up study of 4 cases with observation of a 22 year survivor. PMID- 6797804 TI - Tuberculosis and its control in Beijing. PMID- 6797806 TI - In vitro cultivation of M. leprae. PMID- 6797805 TI - A new concept on chiasmal architecture and its projection on the retina. PMID- 6797807 TI - Histopathological grading suggestion for the evaluation of the intolerance in hip joint endo- and arthroprostheses. PMID- 6797808 TI - [Humoral immunity and chronic osteomyelitis]. PMID- 6797809 TI - In vitro antibiotic sensitivity of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Lagos-Nigeria. PMID- 6797810 TI - [Dental units as sources of contamination by Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6797811 TI - Thyroliberin (TRH) induced growth hormone (GH) release: test of maturation of hypothalamo-pituitary axis in postnatal rat. AB - Small doses of TRH elicit GH release from rat pituitary provided the pituitary lacks CNS influences (e.g. in vitro or in ectopic pituitaries). We have found previously that hypothalamic regulation of TSH secretion matures between the 5th and 12th postnatal day. Therefore the possibility of TRH induced GH release was investigated in neonatal rats. GH concentration was measured by RIA at 10 min after s.c. TRH administration (4.1 pmol g-1 BW) into female Wistar rats at the age 3, 9, 12, 15, 21, 30 and 100 days. Control animals were injected the same volume (1 microliter g-1 BW) of saline. Serum GH in saline treated animals gradually decreased during postnatal ontogenesis. The TRH induced increase of serum GH level decreased during maturation: the most marked response was found at 3 days, it was somewhat lessened but still significant at 9 days and was absent in 12, 15, 30 days old and adult animals. Surprisingly, in 21 days old animals the increase of GH after TRH administration was again present. We conclude that the ability of TRH to elicit GH release in newborn rats may depend on the maturity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The effect of hypothalamic somatostatin is likely to inhibit such a response at the pituitary level in older rats. PMID- 6797812 TI - Effect of LH and FSH on testosterone release from cultured Leydig cells. AB - The level of testosterone in incubation media of cultures of Leydig cells isolated from mouse testes were measured by specific radioimmunoassay. Luteinizing hormone (LH) in a concentration of 10, 100 and 500 ng per 1 ml of culture medium stimulated the secretion of testosterone very markedly especially after 2 days of culture. LH in the amount of 100 ng ml-1 exerted the most stimulating effect on testosterone production by cultured Leydig cells. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in a concentration 100 ng ml-1 of culture medium did not influence significantly the androgen production. PMID- 6797813 TI - Intraventricular injection of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during proestrus stimulates the rise in serum FSH on estrus in phenobarbital-treated hamsters through a central nervous system-dependent mechanism. PMID- 6797814 TI - Epinephrine-sensitive adenylyl cyclase activity in rabbit ovarian tissues. AB - Epinephrine-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity was investigated in homogenates of rabbit ovarian tissues. Optimal epinephrine-stimulated AC activity in corpora lutea homogenates was achieved with millimolar concentrations of ATP (1-4 mM) and Mg2+ (2-12 mM) in the absence of exogenously added Ca2+. Epinephrine stimulated the luteal AC under these conditions in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 of 0.45 micrograms/ml. The AC of preovulatory follicle homogenates was found to be unresponsive to epinephrine stimulation. Epinephrine responsiveness of the AC slowly appeared in late preovulatory and early postovulatory follicles in response to the gonadotropin surge induced by coitus. By 18 h after mating, epinephrine-stimulated AC activity had doubled, and maximal activities in the newly formed corpora lutea were reached within 72 h. Thereafter, epinephrine stimulated AC activity gradually declined to a relatively stable value that was maintained throughout the remainder of gestation, except for two transient increases in activity on days 14 and 19 of pregnancy. With parturition, luteal epinephrine-stimulated AC activity fell to basal levels. In corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy, epinephrine-stimulated AC activity was very similar to that of corpora lutea of pregnancy during the first 16 days but fell to basal levels on day 17 with the termination of pseudopregnancy. Neither corpora albicans nor interstitial tissue exhibited any epinephrine-stimulated AC activity. The presence of epinephrine-stimulated AC activity only in corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy and pregnancy and not in preovulatory Graafian follicles, corpora albicans, or interstitial tissue suggests a functional to role for catecholamines in luteal tissue. Moreover, these data indicate that the presence of an epinephrine-sensitive AC may be used as a functional marker for luteinization, at least in rabbit ovarian tissues. PMID- 6797815 TI - [Interrelationships between pars intermedia and posterior pituitary with regard to corticotrophic and thyrotrophic partial function in rats]. AB - Functional interrelationships between the pars intermedia and posterior pituitary were proved under different experimental conditions. After stimulation of the thyrotropical axis of rats by an acute intraperitoneal application of 50 microgram TRH/rat the nuclear sizes of the thyroid follicular and the anterior pituitary thyrotropical cells increased according to a monophasic time curve with maximal amplitude at the time of 30 minutes. Interestingly, the nuclear sizes of the posterior pituitary cells were also enhanced. Under the same experimental conditions the nuclear areas of the cells of the external layer of the adrenal zona fasciculata decreased as did the nuclei of the pars intermedia cells (without regard to the cell type or localization of the cells in the intermediate lobe). Stimulation of the adrenocorticotropical axis by an acute injection of 0.2 ml isotonic saline solution/rat was followed by a time-dependent increase of nuclear sizes of the fasciculata cells and pars intermedia, whereas the nuclear volumes of the thyroid follicular cells, the anterior pituitary thyrotropical cells and the posterior pituitary cells decreased. Thus the functional state of the pars intermedia was in accordance with that of the adrenal cortex. Also the posterior pituitary cells responded to stimuli applied to the thyrotropical axis at the same degree as the thyrotropic organs themselves. Between the nuclear sizes of the pars intermedia and posterior pituitary we established the same inverse functional relationships as between the adrenal cortex and the thyroid gland. PMID- 6797816 TI - Oral thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in acromegaly. AB - The effects of 40 mg oral and 200 microgram intravenous TRH were studied in patients with active acromegaly. Administration of oral TRH to each of 14 acromegalics resulted in more pronounced TSH response in all patients and more pronounced response of triiodothyronine in most of them (delta max TSh after oral TRh 36.4 +/- 10.0 (SEM) mU/l vs. delta max TSH after i.v. TRH 7.7 +/- 1.5 mU/l, P less than 0.05; delta max T3 after oral TRH 0.88 +/- 0.24 nmol/vs. delta max T3 after i.v. TRH 0.23 +/- 0.06 nmol/l, P less than 0.05). Oral TRH elicited unimpaired TSH response even in those acromegalics where the TSH response to i.v. TRH was absent or blunted. In contrast to TSH stimulation, oral TRH did not elicit positive paradoxical growth hormone response in any of 8 patients with absent stimulation after i.v. TRH. In 7 growth hormone responders to TRH stimulation the oral TRH-induced growth hormone response was insignificantly lower than that after i.v. TRH (delta max GH after oral TRH 65.4 +/- 28.1 microgram/l vs. delta max GH after i.v. TRH 87.7 +/- 25.6 microgram/l, P greater than 0.05). In 7 acromegalics 200 microgram i.v. TRH represented a stronger stimulus for prolactin release than 40 mg oral TRH (delta max PRL after i.v. TRH 19.6 +/- 3.22 microgram/, delta max PRL after oral TRH 11.1 +/- 2.02 microgram/, P less than 0.05). CONCLUSION: In acromegalics 40 mg oral TRH stimulation is useful in the evaluation of the function of pituitary thyrotrophs because it shows more pronounced effect than 200 microgram TRH intravenously. No advantage of oral TRH stimulation was seen in the assessment of prolactin stimulation and paradoxical growth hormone responses. PMID- 6797817 TI - Prolactin release in liver cirrhosis with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). AB - The effects of acute TRH and cimetidine administration on the plasma prolactin (PRL) response have been studied in cirrhotic patients with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). I v. TRH administration stimulates PRL release both in cirrhotics and controls; i.v. cimetidine did not induced a significant rise of PRL in liver cirrhosis. Present findings demonstrate that PRL is not responsible for the deterioration of glucose handling in alcoholic cirrhotic patients examined. PMID- 6797819 TI - Genes controlling sensitivity to alkylation and x-ray damage on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6797818 TI - Effect of N-Alkyl chain length on the mutagenicity of N-nitrosated 1-naphthyl N alkylcarbamates. AB - 1-Naphthyl N-alkylcarbamates (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl and n-butyl) were synthesized and then nitrosated with a dichloromethane extract of nitrous acid. The respective N-nitrosated carbamates were purified and tested for mutagenicity using Salmonella typhimurium LT2 strain TA98 and TA100, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain D3. The reactivity of the four nitrosocarbamates toward 4-(p nitrobenzyl)-pyridine (NBP) was measured in order to assess their strengths as alkylating agents. Bioassay results indicated an inverse relationship between the length of the N-alkyl chain and the mutagenicity of the N nitrosonaphthylcarbamates. The NBP test results indicated an inverse relationship between chemical reactivity and N-alkyl chain length. PMID- 6797820 TI - Microbiological quality of selected recreational waters. PMID- 6797821 TI - The induction of hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase activities in the mouse by mirex, 3, 4, 5, 3', 4', 5'-hexachlorobiphenyl, and equimolar dosages of both. PMID- 6797822 TI - Long- and short-term effects of carbaryl exposure in chick embryos. PMID- 6797823 TI - Use of infra-red carbon dioxide analysis during general anaesthesia in the horse. AB - The carbon dioxide content of respiratory gases may be monitored by the use of an infra-red carbon dioxide analyser. The technique allows continuous and non invasive recording of important information concerning the ventilatory, circulatory and metabolic states of the anaesthetised horse. Some of the monitoring capabilities of a carbon dioxide analyser (capnograph) are reviewed with illustrations from cases anaesthetised in the authors' clinic. Technical faults in the anaesthetic apparatus and the connections with the "patient" could be readily detected and emergency situations immediately recognised and treated without delay. Use of the apparatus allowed refinement of the anaesthetic technique and greatly augmented the safety of general anaesthesia. PMID- 6797824 TI - Prophylactic effects of sodium cromoglycate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. AB - When stabled in a controlled environment, horses effected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) became clinically asymptomatic in 4 to 32 days (mean [+/-sd] 9.1 +/- 4.9 days), the time being influenced most by the severity of the disease judged on maximum intrathoracic pressure change (Max delta Ppl) and the age of the animal. Sodium cromoglycate, a drug widely used for prophylaxis of allergic respiratory disease in man, was administered by inhalation to 56 COPD-affected horses. The results showed that a linear response existed between the number of successive days treatment with this drug and the duration of remission of clinical signs of COPD while horses were exposed to natural antigen (poor quality straw bedding). Sodium cromoglycate given as a single daily dose (80 mg) on one day and on 4 successive days prevented clinical signs for mean 3.6 days and mean 24.3 days, respectively. These results indicate that prophylactic treatment with inhaled sodium cromoglycate is an effective method of controlling the clinical signs of COPD. PMID- 6797825 TI - A phase II study of Mitomycin C in refractory adcvanced breast cancer. A multi centre pilot study. PMID- 6797826 TI - Use of blue sepharose for the purification of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors from DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors. PMID- 6797828 TI - Chemotactic response to some arachidonic acid lipoxygenase products in the rabbit eye. AB - The effects of arachidonic acid, its cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase products and the synthetic chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on leukocyte accumulation in the aqueous humour and intraocular pressure in the rabbit were studied in vivo. Substances were injected into the anterior chamber of the eyes of anaesthetised rabbits using a closed circuit perfusion system. Injection of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins E1 and E2, and the monohydroperoxy and hydroxy acids of the lipoxygenase pathway did not result in any significant accumulation of leukocytes in the anterior chamber. In contrast, FMLP and 5,12-diHETE (Leukotrine B4) resulted in significant dose dependent accumulation of leukocytes into the aqueous humour. Leukocytes appeared in the aqueous humour between 2 and 3 h after the injection of either FMLP or LTB4 and the response was maximal at 4 h. None of the lipoxygenase products tested had any effect on intraocular pressure in contrast to the profound effects observed with arachidonic acid and the E type prostaglandins. FMLP had a small but significant effect on intraocular pressure at the highest dose tested for leukocyte accumulation. These results indicate that the effects of the cyclo-oxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism are mainly vascular in the rabbit eye in contrast to the predominantly cellular effects of lipoxygenase products. Thus in the eye, the interaction of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase products of arachidonate metabolism may be important in the development of both acute and chronic ocular inflammation. PMID- 6797827 TI - Effect of loperamide, a peripheral opiate agonist, on circulating glucose, free fatty acids, insulin, C-peptide and pituitary hormones in healthy man. AB - The effect of acute oral administration of loperamide (4, 8 and 16 mg), a peripheral opiate agonist used in the treatment of diarrhoea, on several metabolic and endocrine variables has been evaluated in healthy volunteers in comparison with placebo. Plasma glucose was significantly raised by all three doses, whereas serum IRI and C-peptide were decreased and serum FFA was significantly increased only after loperamide 8 and 16 mg; serum PRL, GH, LH and FSH did not change. The data suggest that opiates may be involved in the regulation of glycaemia, probably by modifying islet hormone secretion by acting at a peripheral site, since loperamide does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Although the precise mechanism of these actions is unknown, it is suggested that the effects of loperamide are mediated either by stimulation of opiate receptors per se, or by suppression of acetylcholine release from cholinergic nerve endings. The lack of change in pituitary hormone secretion by loperamide is in agreement with previous observations indicating that opiate effects on PRL, GH and gonadotropins occur at the level of the central nervous system. PMID- 6797829 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone improves blood pressure and survival in endotoxic shock. AB - In conscious rats subjected to endotoxic shock, thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) is shown to produce a rapid increase in cardiovascular variables and respiratory rates at intravenous doses between 0.20 and 6.34 mg/kg. Moreover, these doses of TRH significantly improve survival following endotoxemia. The absence of an effect of TRH upon analgesic latencies, combined with its demonstrated efficacy in reversing shock, suggest that it may have therapeutic advantage over the opiate antagonist naloxone. PMID- 6797830 TI - Effects of neonatally administered-testosterone propionate on the development of target organs of sex hormones and the induction of mammary carcinomas by 7, 8, 12 trimethylbenz (a)anthracene in female Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were given 1.25mg testosterone propionate subcutaneously within 24 hours after birth and 30mg 7, 8, 12-trimethylbenz (a) anthracene per 1 kg of body weight intravenously at 50 days of age. In these neonatally androgenized rats, the increase of the anogenital distance, aplasia or hypoplasia of the vagina, persistent estrus on the vaginal smears and eosinophilic substance in mammary glands were observed, with no corpus luteum formation in the ovaries, and the induction of mammary carcinomas by 7, 8, 12 trimethylbenz (a) anthracene was strongly suppressed. PMID- 6797831 TI - [Use of CO2 euthanasia cabinet for experimental animals (author's transl)]. AB - The process of CO2 euthanasia on mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit was observed using a CO2 euthanasia cabinet. The cabinet was filled with CO2 gas and the caged animal was placed into the cabinet. These animals quietly collapsed and their respiratory movement ceased within 25--225 seconds. A-V block was the first arrhythmia recognized on ECG in all cases. The arrhythmia recorded on ECG included complete A-V block, A-V dissociation, ventricular escape rhythm, atrial fibrillation, ventricular flutter and ventricular fibrillation. It could be concluded that euthanasia was satisfactorily performed on these species by means of the CO2 euthanasia cabinet. PMID- 6797832 TI - The relation between carbonic anhydrase activity and ion transport in elasmobranch and rabbit lens. PMID- 6797833 TI - Rat lens superoxide dismutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: studies on the catalytic activity and the fate of enzyme antigen as a function of age. PMID- 6797834 TI - Plasma triiodothyronine response to thyrotropin releasing hormone, thyrotropin and propranolol in old age. PMID- 6797835 TI - Cadmium: temperature-dependent increase with age in Drosophila. PMID- 6797836 TI - Genetics of longevity in Drosophila. V. The specific and hybridised effects of rolled, sepia, ebony and eyeless autosomal mutants. PMID- 6797837 TI - Theileria parva: isolation of macroschizonts from in vitro propagated lymphoblastoid cells of cattle. PMID- 6797838 TI - Acidic glycosaminoglycans in human coronary arteries, with special reference to the presence of heparin or related glucosaminoglycan. PMID- 6797839 TI - Stimulation by vasopressin and angiotensin of phospholipid methyltransferase in isolated rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6797840 TI - 500 MHz 1H NMR study of the role of lysines and arginines in the binding of gene 5 protein to oligoadenylic acids. PMID- 6797841 TI - The role of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the direct macrophage-mediated tumor cell lysis. PMID- 6797842 TI - Isolation of an immunologically pure preparation of carbamylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) using chromatofocusing. PMID- 6797843 TI - A rat liver microsomal carboxyesterase and a bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase are responsible for the formation of bilirubin glucuronides from bilirubin dimethyl ester. PMID- 6797844 TI - [Effect of different routes of administration on the comparative effectiveness of the inhibitory action of the cholinolytics atropine and methacin on gastric secretion in dogs]. PMID- 6797845 TI - [Methodology for studying pulmonary ventilation]. PMID- 6797846 TI - [Studies on the feedback regulation of gonadotropin concentrations in male rats (I). The effects of hypothalamic implantation of testosterone and its metabolites on gonadotropin release in castrated male rats (author's transl)]. AB - Testosterone (T), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and estradiol-17 beta (E) or cholesterol (control) were implanted into the hypothalamic median eminence--arcuate nucleus (ME-ARC) region of long-term castrated male rats. Serum LH and FSH levels were measured before and after the implantation. T or E implantation resulted in a 65.5% (P less than 0.01) or 80.2% (P less than 0.01) decrease in serum LH levels respectively, within 7 days after the intrahypothalamic application. 5 alpha-DHT or 3 alpha-diol implantation in the ME-ARC region also resulted in a significant lowering of serum LH levels, although their inhibitory action was less effective than that of T or E. There were no significant differences in serum LH levels 20 min after the intraperitoneal injection of 2 micrograms/kg of LH-RH between the control group and the T, 5 alpha-DHT, 3 alpha-diol or E group. E implantation also resulted in a 34.7% (P less than 0.01) decrease in serum FSH levels at the 7th day, but other steroids failed to reduce serum FSH levels after the intrahypothalamic application. These studies suggest that aromatization of T to E is not indispensable to the negative feedback effect of androgen on the hypothalamic LH-RH release. It might also be supposed that E is one of the factors regulating the serum FSH level. PMID- 6797847 TI - [Pituitary-adrenal function in the marmoset monkey (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797849 TI - Early events in the development of the immune system of Xenopus laevis: characterization of lymphocytes in two-day-old embryos. PMID- 6797848 TI - Fungal cell wall beta-1,3-glucans induce clotting and phenoloxidase attachment to foreign surfaces of crayfish hemocyte lysate. PMID- 6797850 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the ferret. PMID- 6797851 TI - A comparison of cobra venom factor-induced depletion of serum C3 in eight different strains of mice. PMID- 6797852 TI - Monitoring of HMG-stimulated follicular development by real-time ultrasound. AB - Monitoring of human follicular development by real-time ultrasound during HMG-HCG treatment is presented. With the aid of ultrasound monitoring, the ovulation rate is raised to 94.3% (formerly 80% without ultrasound). Serious side effects such as ascites and/or hydrothorax did not occur in this study (1.2% without ultrasound controls). The pregnancy rate was 21/47 (44%) of all hormonally treated patients. By means of real-time sector scan examination, the growing follicle could be detected in 103/106 (97.3%) of HMG-HCG treated cycles. Thus real-time ultrasound examinations provide results comparable to those achieved mostly by time-consuming compound scan in demonstration of the growing follicle. PMID- 6797853 TI - The precipitation of human IgG and its subunits with heparin. PMID- 6797854 TI - Does the inhibition of microvillus protein phosphorylation by lysine explain the activity of the latter on calcium transfer? PMID- 6797855 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides: molecular properties in comparison with the yeast and horse liver enzyme. PMID- 6797856 TI - Sorting behavior among cells from the 14-day embryonic chick neural retina. PMID- 6797857 TI - Effectiveness of acetazolamide in the treatment of carbamazepine-resistant epilepsy in children. PMID- 6797858 TI - C.H.A. and long-term care--an update. PMID- 6797859 TI - [Prolonged hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin ointment in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797860 TI - [Does gallbladder bile become lithogenous during total parenteral nutrition?]. PMID- 6797862 TI - Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. PMID- 6797861 TI - Properties of immunoglobulin A in serum of individuals with liver diseases and in hepatic bile. AB - In comparison with normal individuals, sera of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and other liver diseases had two to four times higher levels of immunoglobulin A and three to ten time higher levels of polymeric immunoglobulin A. The possible participation of the liver in the selective removal of polymeric immunoglobulin A from serum into bile was investigated by analyzing immunoglobulin A in serum and bile specimens obtained from a group of patients with T-tube drainage of the common bile duct. Gel filtration revealed three principal fractions of biliary immunoglobulin A: secretory immunoglobulin A with J chain and secretory component; polymeric immunoglobulin A associated with J chain; and monomeric immunoglobulin A devoid of J chain and secretory component. Secretory component complexed immunoglobulin A composed only 50% or less of the total biliary immunoglobulin A. In comparison with immunoglobulin G, polymeric forms of immunoglobulin A appeared to be selectively transported into bile whereas monomeric immunoglobulin A was not. These data suggested that the liver selectively transports polymeric immunoglobulin A from serum into bile by both secretory component-dependent and -independent mechanisms. PMID- 6797863 TI - Optimal energy and nitrogen intake for gastroenterological patients requiring intravenous nutrition. PMID- 6797864 TI - Lower esophageal sphincter mechanics: anatomic and physiologic relationships of the esophagogastric junction of cat. PMID- 6797865 TI - Non-A, non-B (type 1) hepatitis agent capable of inducing tubular ultrastructures in the hepatocyte cytoplasm of chimpanzees: inactivation by formalin and heat. AB - We have reported two kinds of viruslike particles derived from human sera that induced morphologically and serologically different types of non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees. A chimp serum containing one such agent capable of inducing a type of hepatitis with cytoplasmic tubular ultrastructures (non-A, non B, type 1) was titrated for its infectivity in chimps. Two chimps who received 1 ml of a 10(-2) dilution of the original serum developed the characteristic morphological changes in the liver together with elevated serum transaminase levels, while the other two who received 1 ml of a 10(-4) dilution failed to show such changes. The two who escaped the infection were proven to be susceptible to the agent, because they developed non-A, non-B, type 1 hepatitis when they were challenged by 1 ml of a 10(-1) dilution of the same serum on the 23rd week after the first inoculation. One milliliter of a 10(-1) dilution containing more than 10 chimp infecting units were inactivated in the presence of 1/2000 formalin or by heating at 100 degrees C for 5 min and then given to four other chimps. None of them developed clinical or histologic evidence of non-A, non-B, type 1 hepatitis, thereby indicating that both formalin and heat could destroy the ability of the agent to induce this type of hepatitis. PMID- 6797866 TI - Hepatic steatosis after intestinal bypass--prevention and reversal by metronidazole, irrespective of protein-calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6797867 TI - Serum immunoglobulin levels in acute A, B, and non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Immunoglobulin M, G, and A concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion in sera collected from 117 patients with acute hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or non-A, non-B hepatitis. Statistically significant differences in IgG and IgM levels were detected between the three groups. In particular, elevated IgG and almost-normal IgM levels were regularly detected in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis while the opposite pattern was seen in patients with hepatitis A. Calculation of a serum IgG/IgM ratio enabled discrimination between most patients with non-B hepatitis. In 92% of patients with hepatitis A, the ratio was less than 6, whereas 82% of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis had ratios of greater than 6. The IgG/IgM ratio may be of value in distinguishing between subjects with the two forms of the disease when specific serologic tests are unavailable. PMID- 6797868 TI - Optimal energy and nutritional intake in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6797869 TI - [The influence of long-term medication with the LH-RH analogue buserelin on the regulation of the menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - We investigated in 70 women over a period of 6 months the influence of different dose regimen of the potent LH-RH analogue Buserelin (HOE 766: 400, 200, 100 micrograms per day) on pituitary and ovarian function. The histological findings of the endometrial biopsy specimen (n = 109) were correlated with the hormonal profiles and the bleeding pattern. There was an evident dose-related inhibition of ovulation or corpus luteum integrity. A regular bleeding pattern was found more often in the lower dose groups. Unopposed estrogen effects recognized by prolonged endometrial stimulation were mainly registered in women with amenorrhea induced by 400 micrograms buserelin. Regression of endometrial stimulation could be observed during the six months period of medication. If higher dose regimen will lead to a more consistent inhibition of ovarian function, remains to be investigated. PMID- 6797870 TI - Clinical services within a general hospital department of psychiatry: conceptual issues and operational guidelines. AB - This paper presents a checklist of conceptual issues and operational guidelines determining the organization of clinical services within a general hospital department of psychiatry. Issues emphasized include philosophy, target population, definition, structure, location, financing, and cost effectiveness of services, utilizing the experience of a specific department of psychiatry to illustrate their application. As the trend continues for mental health service delivery within a general hospital, recognition of these issues and their application is essential to effective service delivery. PMID- 6797871 TI - ["Marker augmentation" phenomenon in the plasmid transformation and transduction of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - Transformation of Bacillus subtilis cells carrying pUB110 plasmid by DNA of homologous plasmid pBD12 results in the significant increase in the number of plasmid transformants. This phenomenon named "augmentation" was not observed when instead of intact cells, regenerating protoplasts were used, or if pBD12 DNA was introduced into the cells via transduction. PMID- 6797872 TI - [Instability of the auxotrophic markers in Bacillus thuringiensis]. AB - Auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus thuringiensis have been isolated and compared with the mutants of Bacillus subtilis. It has been found that after spore formation and a prolonged storage, the considerable part of cells in a population of some strains display a genetically unstable additional requirement for arginine with high frequency. The correlation between tetracycline sensitivity and unstable requirement for arginine and other growth factors has been found. The possible reasons for instability of genetic markers in Bac. thuringiensis are discussed. PMID- 6797873 TI - Gastric secretory and plasma hormonal responses to sham-feeding of varying duration in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - Gastric acid and serum gastrin, pancreatic polypeptide, and insulin responses to cephalic vagal stimulation were studied in eight patients with duodenal ulcer using modified sham-feeding for periods varying from four to 30 minutes. In addition, the maximal acid response to sham-feeding was compared with that induced by pentagastrin in 10 healthy subjects and 14 patients with duodenal ulcer. It was found that the gastric acid response to modified sham-feeding reached the maximal value after 15 minutes of sham-feeding and amounted to about 68% of the pentagastrin maximum. The serum pancreatic polypeptide response was also increased after modified sham-feeding and depended on the duration of this procedure, whereas gastrin and insulin responses were not significantly affected by modified sham-feeding. When the peak acid output induced by modified sham feeding was normalised as percentage of the peak response to pentagastrin, it was similar in healthy subjects and in patients with duodenal ulcer; this indicates that the increased peak acid response to modified sham-feeding observed in patients with duodenal ulcer corresponded with their greater parietal cell mass rather than with increased vagal tone. PMID- 6797874 TI - [Present status of cytological screening for cervix neoplasms]. PMID- 6797875 TI - [Leukemic cell phenotypes and the lymphoid differentiation pathway (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797876 TI - Studies of the haemopoietic microenvironments. IV. Changes in glycosaminoglycan content of murine spleen in relation to haematological parameters following induction of anaemia or polycythaemia. PMID- 6797877 TI - Cell surface markers and kinetic features in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6797878 TI - [Quantitative and dynamic evaluation of the granulocytic progenitor cell growth in agar in refractory anaemias and smouldering leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797879 TI - Blood and bone marrow findings in malignant histiocytosis. PMID- 6797880 TI - [Clinical and biohumoral significance of plasma viscosity in patients with paraproteinemia without clinical hyperviscosity syndrome. A study of 40 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797881 TI - Myeloproliferative disorders: III. CML: Further studies on the role of cytogenetics in diagnosis, prognosis and management. PMID- 6797882 TI - An unusual case of acute leukaemia. PMID- 6797883 TI - [Leptospirosis-associated acute anemic crisis in a patient with HbS-thalassemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797884 TI - Pincered red cells and hereditary spherocytosis. PMID- 6797885 TI - [The positive direct Coombs' test: interpretation and clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797887 TI - Circulating platelet aggregates: absence of correlation with tests of thrombophilia in aged arteriosclerotic patients. PMID- 6797886 TI - [Effect of halothane and enflurane general anesthesia on adenosine deaminase activity in human lymphocytes]. PMID- 6797888 TI - On the causes of hypogammaglobulinaemia in B-CLL. PMID- 6797889 TI - Para-articular ossification in the hand. PMID- 6797890 TI - [Sodium cromoglycate in children with asthma]. PMID- 6797891 TI - A study on the effect of some prostaglandin inhibitors on spontaneous and evoked contractile activity of some muscles, using blood serum from women with pathologic pregnancy. PMID- 6797892 TI - Hemodynamics and bioelectric activity of the brain in depressive patients. PMID- 6797893 TI - The effect of brain hemodynamics exerted by papaverine hydrochloride in conjunction with smoking and alcohol consumption. PMID- 6797894 TI - Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin in seropositive and seronegative forms of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6797895 TI - Iridocyclitis--an early sign of inflammatory joint disease. PMID- 6797896 TI - Accelerative changes in height and weight among newborns from the town of Plovdiv, Covering the period 1939/1940--1975/1976. PMID- 6797897 TI - Structural peculiarities of the blood vessels supplying the metaepiphyseal growth cartilage of the tibia in newborns. PMID- 6797898 TI - A study on the reactivity of uterine muscle from pregnant and non-pregnant women upon treatment with spasmolytics. PMID- 6797899 TI - A new type of dynamograph for measuring muscular strain. PMID- 6797900 TI - The effect of BCG treatment on gastric carcinoma--three case reports. PMID- 6797902 TI - Blood parasites of birds in Central Europe. 3. Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. AB - The present paper is the third in the series on blood parasites of birds in Central Europe. It is devoted to the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. Plasmodium has been found in 11.3% of birds belonging to 54 species, most abundant being in Galliformes and Columbiformes. On the other hand, this parasite seems to be absent in Anseriformes, Falconiformes, Hirundinidae and Sturnidae in Central Europe. Haemoproteus has been encountered in the studied region in 11.8% of birds belonging to 85 species. It is most abundant in Falconiformes, Strigiformes, Hirundinidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae, Muscicapidae, Paridae and Turdidae, but it has not been encountered in Anseriformes. The paper also discusses the dependence of the incidence of these parasites on migratory ability of their hosts and on the nest ecology of birds. Moreover, an ecological outline is given of the representatives of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus in birds in Central Europe, mainly on the basis of the ecological model of avian malaria after Beaudoin et al. (1971). PMID- 6797901 TI - Naevus spongiosus albus. PMID- 6797903 TI - Spontaneous and experimental infection of domestic rabbits by Sarcocystis cuniculi Brumpt, 1913. AB - In 43 animals, representing 36% of a sample of 117 domestic rabbits, antibodies to Sarcocystis were detected using indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Experimental transmission of the parasite from rabbit to cat and back to rabbit proved that the organism involved was Sarcocystis cuniculi Brumpt, 1913. The antibody response in experimental transmission was revealed by IFAT: the level of antibodies was generally low and the antibodies disappeared in less than 100 days p.i., while the parasites still remained viable in host's muscle tissue. The diagnosis of rabbit sarcosporidiosis in the definitive and intermediate hosts is discussed. PMID- 6797904 TI - [Direct action of timepidium bromide on the gastric mucosa and its inhibitory effect on pepsin secretion (author's transl)]. AB - As quaternary ammonium compounds are generally not absorbed from gastric mucosa, the direct action of these compounds on the gastric mucosa can be investigated by means of intragastric (oral) administration to pylorus ligated animals. Effects of timepidium bromide (TB), an anti-cholinergic quaternary ammonium compound, on gastric secretion of pylorus ligated rats were investigated. When TB (100 mg/Kg) was administered orally, the secretion volume of gastric juice decreased slightly, while the concentrations of free acid and pepsin in gastric juice decreased remarkably. When TB was administered intraduodenally (100 mg/kg) or subcutaneously (10 mg/kg), secretion of gastric juice and free acid was strongly inhibited, but the pepsin concentration in gastric juice was not influenced (i.d.) or slightly increased (s.c.). In the oral administration of various drugs such as atropine, hyoscine-N-butylbromide and oxethazaine (Ox), only Ox caused a decrease in pepsin concentration in gastric juice. Similar effects of TB on the pepsin concentration in the gastric juice were also observed in experiments using stomach perfused rats. TB has no effect on enzymatic activity of pepsin in in vitro experiments. From these results, it is assumed that TB inhibits acid and pepsin secretion mainly by a direct action on the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6797905 TI - Effect of carbon and nitrogen sources on neutral proteinase production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from soil produced large quantities of extracellular neutral proteinase and could utilize several organic substances as carbon and nitrogen sources for enzyme production. The growth media required the presence of a high amount of phosphate when glucose was the carbon source. The intermediates of citric-acid cycle acids supported the proteinase production more than any other carbon sources. However, complex nitrogenous substances supported enzyme production more efficiently. Higher concentration of casamino acids suppressed the protinase synthesis. PMID- 6797906 TI - Production of beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis grown on whey. AB - Optimum conditions for beta-galactosidase production by K. fragilis were studied. Enzyme production has a maximum after 8-12 h of incubation. Composition of whey (from different sources) did not affect enzyme production. Different heart treatments also had no effect. Whey reconstituted to 8-12% total solids and adjusted to pH 4.0 afforded maximum enzyme production. Whereas inorganic nitrogen sources (specially ammonium salts) only slightly stimulated enzyme production, organic nitrogen sources (specially partially digested proteins) provided a nearly four-fold increase in enzyme production. Yeast extract and beef extract and industrial by-products like corn-steep liquor significantly stimulated enzyme production. Manganese and magnesium salts had a very little stimulation effect. PMID- 6797907 TI - Active transport and mediated diffusion of glucose and other monosaccharides in Endomyces magnusii. AB - After growth on sucrose or glucose, Endomyces magnusii possess a monosaccharide uptake which resembles that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a high KT of uptake, preference for alpha-anomers of D-xylose and D-glucose, enhanced uptake during anaerobiosis, attainment of a diffusion equilibrium). The uptake is inhibited by other monosaccharides and especially strongly by D-galactose. In the absence of high concentrations of metabolizable sugars. E. magnusii develops a capacity to accumulate 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and D-xylose against a concentration gradient the new system displaying a high affinity for glucose (KT less than 0.1 mM), repression by glucose, mannose or galactose. Cycloheximide (0.2%) blocks the formation of the active system. PMID- 6797908 TI - Glucose catabolism during alkaloid production in a strain of Claviceps purpurea. PMID- 6797909 TI - Polysaccharide-hydrolyzing enzymes in the genus Bacillus. PMID- 6797910 TI - Effect of insulin on acetate metabolism in chicken adipocytes. AB - The effects of insulin on the metabolism of acetate-U-14C in isolated chicken adipocytes have been investigated. Insulin added in vitro at physiological concentrations did not stimulate the incorporation of acetate-U-14C into triglycerides or CO2 when the acetate was present alone. In the presence of glucose 11m M, however, insulin stimulated significantly lipogenesis from acetate. This is an indirect action mediated by glucose. PMID- 6797911 TI - Diabetes mellitus: its effect on the flow properties of blood. AB - In a group of long-standing diabetics low shear blood viscosity was increased compared with matched non-diabetic controls, being highest in patients with vascular and microvascular complications. Plasma viscosity was also elevated in the diabetics. Conclusions about erythrocyte deformability depended critically on the methodology used. With filtration, red cell deformability was impaired in the diabetic, with centrifugation, diabetic cells were more deformable whilst there was no differences between diabetic and normal red cells by the method of viscometry of packed red cells. The effect of poor metabolic control on blood rheology was investigated in patients recovering from diabetic ketoacidosis and in newly diagnosed maturity onset diabetics being treated at the clinic with diet alone. In both groups, the initially high levels of blood viscosity fell toward normal with improved metabolic control. It is concluded that multiple rheological abnormalities are present in diabetics and appear to be influenced by the metabolic state of the patient. The relationships between these complex changes and the development of microangiopathy remain to be elucidated. PMID- 6797912 TI - Platelet abnormalities as related to diabetic retinopathy (with special reference to platelet shape change). AB - Abnormalities of platelet function may be related to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. A method for the in vitro assessment of platelet shape change (PSC), as induced by ADP in calcium-deprived platelet-rich plasma, is presented. The outcome of this test is dependent on the concentrations of ADP and of the chelating agent used. Studies in electron microscopy shoed that the parameter measured is not related to the disappearance of spiny-spherical forms. The values measured for PSC were significantly increased in a group of diabetic subjects, when compared to normal controls. In particular, patients with proliferative retinopathy showed more profound alterations of the PSC. No relations were found between the PSC values and ADP induced platelet aggregation, the plasma levels of von Willebrand factor and of factor VIII-related antigen. PMID- 6797913 TI - Von Willebrand factor, diabetes mellitus and retinopathy. AB - Von Willebrand factor (VIII: vWf) is a glycoprotein which is essential for normal platelet adhesion to vascular subendothelium, particularly at the high shear rates encountered in small blood vessels. VIII: vWf is distributed in plasma, platelets and subendothelium, though the contributions of each pool to normal hemostasis is unknown. Raised plasma of VIII: vWf have been frequently described in association with diabetes, the highest concentrations being found in patients with retinopathy. In addition, concentrations of VIII: vWf appear to be influenced by the degree of metabolic control of the diabetics, particularly high levels being found during diabetic coma. Plasmatic concentrations of VIII: vWf greater than normal have not been shown to result in increased platelet adhesion or aggregation, so that is seems unlikely that the high levels of plasmatic VIII: vWf contribute directly to the pathogensis of retinopathy. On the other hand, increases in VIII: vWF during episodes of poor metabolic control could be evidence of reversible injury to the vascular endothelium, whereas stable, high concentrations may indicate the presence of microangiopathy. PMID- 6797914 TI - Quantitative investigation of nonenzymatic glucosylation of erythrocyte membrane from normal and diabetic persons. PMID- 6797915 TI - Dependency on serine concentration of the activity of tryptophan synthase. Cooperative properties. AB - The activity of the enzyme tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli was tested as a function of the concentration of L-serine which serves as a substrate in the indole to tryptophan reaction as well as for the L-serine deaminase activity. L Serine binding was found to follow the pattern of negative cooperativity both by kinetic and by equilibrium methods. The enzyme kinetic data support the view that a rapid equilibration model for the enzyme . substrates complex formation is not strictly obeyed. PMID- 6797916 TI - [A new semisynthesis of human insulin. Tryptic transpeptidation of porcine insulin with L-threonine tert-butyl ester (author's transl)]. PMID- 6797917 TI - Hospital moves to differential charges system. PMID- 6797918 TI - Rational antibiotic prophylaxis. PMID- 6797919 TI - 'Cellulitis' with sepsis in a fisherman. Case presentation. PMID- 6797920 TI - Three puzzling wheezes that weren't asthma. Case presentations. PMID- 6797921 TI - Intractable constipation in three young women. Case presentations. PMID- 6797922 TI - Delay and denial complicating cancer. Case presentation. PMID- 6797923 TI - 'Floppy baby' with normal mental and social responses. Case presentation. PMID- 6797924 TI - 'Cyclic hepatitis' in a young woman. Case presentation. PMID- 6797925 TI - 'Strange nodules' and joint pain in an alcoholic. Case presentation. PMID- 6797926 TI - The case of the splenic hematoma. PMID- 6797927 TI - The kidney in health and disease XXIII. The pathophysiology of uremia. PMID- 6797928 TI - Points of order: the trimming of medical literature. PMID- 6797929 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis: the long and short of it. PMID- 6797930 TI - Fragile sites and X-linked retardation. PMID- 6797932 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobin. VII. Antibody responses to myoglobin variants reveal that gene restriction of the antibody responses to myoglobin antigenic sites is dependent on the chemical properties of the sites. AB - Previously it has been shown that the immune responses to sperm-whale myoglobin are under H-2-linked Ir-gene control. More importantly the responses to the synthetic antigenic sites are each under separate genetic control. In the present studies we investigated the genetic control of the antibody response to four different myoglobins of known structure, to determine whether this genetic control is influenced by changes in the properties of the sites. The results suggest that genetic control of the responses to individual antigenic sites on a protein antigen is not only determined by the genetic constitution of the host species but also by the chemical properties of the individual sites. It appears that the H-2 subregions mapping the responses to given antigenic sites can also recognize other sites, which were previously unrecognizable in a homologous protein, if their chemical properties are suitably altered. PMID- 6797933 TI - Binding of alpha 2HS glycoprotein in peripheral blood monocytes. AB - The binding of 125I-alpha 2HS glycoprotein to peripheral blood monocytes was investigated at 4 degrees C. Equilibrium was attained after 60 min incubation with little internalization of radiolabeled protein. Binding was partially dependent on Ca++. Scatchard plot analysis revealed a dissociation constant of 10(-4) M with 10(6) sites/cell. The low binding affinity between alpha 2HS glycoprotein and peripheral blood monocytes may be offset by the relatively high serum concentration of this protein in the expression of its phagocytic enhancing properties. PMID- 6797931 TI - Positron-emission tomography in cardiac evaluation. PMID- 6797934 TI - On evasion of Trypanosoma cruzi from the host immune response. Lymphoproliferative responses to trypanosomal antigens during acute and chronic experimental Chagas' disease. AB - The ability of spleen cells taken from mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi to proliferate after stimulation with specific trypanosomal antigens was investigated during the acute and chronic phases of the disease. Lymphoproliferation was minimal or undetectable during the acute period whereas the chronic phase was characterized by significant responses over a wide range of antigen concentration. Transfer of infected mouse spleen cells to cultures of splenocytes from chronically infected animals failed to modify the response of the latter to antigenic stimulation as measured by DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the responses of infected mouse spleen cells collected during the acute period and freed of Lyt 2.1-bearing lymphocytes, a subclass known to contain the suppressor T cells, did not differ significantly from those of untreated aliquots of the same cell suspensions. These results, together with the fact that the T cell compartment of the spleen was severely depleted during the acute but not the chronic stage of the infection, suggest that the impaired immunological responsiveness of acutely infected mice may be due in part to the absence or marked reduction of responder and/or accessory T lymphocytes. An active role for suppressor T cells in the reduced response to trypanosomal antigens by lymphocytes from mice in the early, acute phase of T. cruzi infection is not supported by the present observations. PMID- 6797936 TI - Laboratory infections with Ganjam virus. PMID- 6797935 TI - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumour cells. IV. Fine specificity mapping and characterization of concanavalin A-activated cytotoxic effector lymphocytes. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-activated cytotoxic lymphocytes have been investigated, mapping the genetic differences between the P815 target and the effector cells required for cell-mediated lympholysis to occur. The target antigens recognized during the effector phase and the phenotype of the killer cell population(s) were also determined. It was found that Con A could activate a population of primed cytotoxic lymphocytes capable of killing target cells that were identical at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) but differed at other background genes. Thus, after in vivo priming with DBA/2, B10.D2 lymphocytes cultured with Con A were capable of killing the P815 target. Unprimed B10.D2 cells, however, would not. Studies on the involvement of the MHC indicated that differences in the H-2K through H-2S, as well as differences in H-2D and H-2L alone could cause lysis. This killing could not be accounted for by additional differences at Qa-2, a MHC linked locus. However, the contribution of other similar non-MHC linked loci could not be excluded. Cold target competition experiments indicated that MHC encoded alloantigens were involved as recognition structures on the target cell surface. Antisera plus complement depletion of cytotoxic effector function demonstrated that the cytotoxic cells had the cell surface phenotypes Thy 1.2+, Lyt 2.2+ and natural killer (NK) 1.1-. We conclude that Con A polyclonally activates population(s) of T cells that express antigen-specific cytotoxicity through clonally distributed recognition receptors intrinsic to their membranes when lectin is omitted from the cytotoxic assay. PMID- 6797937 TI - Investigation of febrile illness in exotic and cross-bred sheep from Sheep Farm, Palamner in Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 6797938 TI - Precipitation tests in candidiasis. PMID- 6797939 TI - Serum prolactin levels in male patients with erectile dysfunction. PMID- 6797940 TI - Reversibility or prevention of brain oedema. PMID- 6797941 TI - A study on the problem of clustering in aeruginocine typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6797942 TI - Outcome of children with severe grades of protein energy malnutrition in an I.C.D.S. block. PMID- 6797943 TI - Optimum age for measles immunisation: study of pre- and post-immunization level of HI antibody titres. PMID- 6797944 TI - Host defenses in experimental scrub typhus: delayed-type hypersensitivity responses of inbred mice. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses of inbred mice during the course of lethal and chronic infections with strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi were evaluated by using the influx of radiolabeled cells into antigen-injected ears. Congenic strains of C3H mice, which previously have been shown to be resistant (C3H/RV) or sensitive (C3H/HeDub) to lethal intraperitoneal infection with the Gilliam strain of rickettsiae, both expressed delayed-type hypersensitivity early in the course of infection (5 to 7 days). The sensitive C3H/HeDub mice, however, exhibited a marked decline in reactivity just before death. In contrast, reactivity of C3H/RV mice remained high through day 9 and declined slowly through day 15 after infection. Similar results were obtained when BALB/c mice were infected with either the Karp or the Gilliam strain of rickettsiae, which produce a lethal or nonlethal infection, respectively, in this strain of mice. Rechallenge of C3H/RV mice elicited a rapid increase in reactivity, suggesting a secondary memory response. To analyze delayed-type hypersensitivity during chronic infection, C3H/HeDub mice were immunized by subcutaneous infection with the Gilliam strain of R. tsutsugamushi, and both delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity and resistance to intraperitoneal challenge were examined. Delayed type hypersensitivity reactivity developed slowly and peaked at 21 days postimmunization, which correlated with resistance to intraperitoneal challenge. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity declined thereafter, but resistance to intraperitoneal challenge remained through 28 days postimmunization. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity increased after secondary challenge at 28 days, again suggesting antigen memory generated by primary immunization. Transfer of delayed type hypersensitivity reactivity was accomplished by using immune thymus-derived splenic lymphocytes isolated with nylon-wool columns. Abrogation of the ability of immune spleen cells to transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity reactivity after treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 alloantiserum and complement further supported the view that delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to scrub typhus rickettsiae were mediated by thymus-derived lymphocytes. PMID- 6797945 TI - Fate of Listeria monocytogenes in murine peritoneal macrophage subpopulations. AB - Peritoneal macrophages derived from CD-1 and C57BL/6 mice were separated into distinct groups based on their buoyant densities on discontinuous gradients of Percoll and assayed for antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes. Subpopulations of peritoneal macrophages derived from Listeria-immune mice present a wide variation in their ability to control intracellular infection. Distinct subsets were found which exhibited bacteriostatic and listericidal activity. The fractionation procedure yielded a population of peroxidase-positive macrophages which were devoid of antilisterial action. Subpopulations of resident and elicited macrophages were also functionally heterogeneous in their ability to restrict intracellular growth of bacterial. In some experiments, subclasses were examined for secretion of plasminogen activator and phagocytosis of latex particles. These activities varied considerably with the status of activation of the macrophages, but failed to correlate with antimicrobial activity within given subpopulations. PMID- 6797946 TI - Evidence for autoantibody production associated with polyclonal B-cell activation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Experimental infection of mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa resulted in the polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes, as assessed by the spontaneous plaque forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl and sheep erythrocytes. Additionally, a PFC response to bromelain-treated syngeneic erythrocytes (Br MRBC) could be detected in infected mice, suggesting that P. aeruginosa infection might also induce activation of self-reactive B-cell clones and consequently lead to autoantibody production. Furthermore, in cultures of mouse peritoneal cells, heat-killed P. aeruginosa enhanced the development of anti-Br-MRBC PFC, even under conditions where cell division was blocked, suggesting that the in vitro P. aeruginosa-induced enhancement of anti-Br-MRBC PFC was essentially related to cell differentiation, cell division playing only a minor role. The mechanism of the in vivo and in vitro P. aeruginosa-induced activation of anti-Br-MRBC PFC are discussed. PMID- 6797947 TI - Chemiluminescence of human neutrophils induced by soluble stimuli: effect of divalent cations. AB - The effect of three soluble stimuli, phorbol myristate acetate, concanavalin A, and the calcium ionophore A23187, on the luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence of human neutrophils was investigated. All three stimuli elicited a strong burst of chemiluminescence which was dose dependent. The effect of phorbol myristate acetate was independent of the presence of divalent cations in the medium and, in fact, was greater in the presence of ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N-tetraacetic acid. The effect of concanavalin A was greatly stimulated by the presence of calcium in the medium, although some reaction was observed in the absence of this cation. In contrast, chemiluminescence induced by A23187 was absolutely dependent upon the presence of extracellular calcium. These results suggest that the mobilization of calcium into the cell is a sufficient, but not necessary, stimulus for initiation of the respiratory burst. Compounds such as phorbol myristate acetate, which act independently of extracellular divalent cations, may function by altering the intracellular ratio of bound/free calcium. PMID- 6797948 TI - Flagellar preparations from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: animal protection studies. AB - Recent reports have suggested that motility is associated with virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We have confirmed this observation by showing that groups of mice immunized with P. aeruginosa flagellar-antigen preparations display enhanced survival when they are subsequently burned and challenged locally in the burned area with strains of P. aeruginosa. The protection appears to be due to the immobilization of the microorganisms in the burned skin tissue. Liver elongation factor 2 is also protected. The protection afforded by immunization with flagellar-antigen preparations is independent of the somatic antigenic type of the challenging strain but is flagellar-antigen specific. These data suggest that vaccination with flagellar-antigen preparations may provide a viable prophylactic or therapeutic alternative to antibiotic therapy for use in compromised patient population in which P. aeruginosa poses a serious infection threat. PMID- 6797949 TI - Flagellar preparations from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: isolation and characterization. AB - Flagella from various strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated by shearing the flagella followed by differential centrifugation to obtain typical filaments as viewed through an electron microscope. Electrophoretic analysis showed a major protein band corresponding to a flagellin with molecular weight of 53,000. Among the strains tested, flagellar antigen (FAg) preparations isolated from strains 1244 and 1210 routinely gave the highest percentage of flagellin, with the least amount of protein impurities, when grown on succinate-mineral salts medium. All FAg preparations contained 3 to 10 micrograms of 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate-positive material per mg of protein. Strain PA-103 lacked flagella and exhibited no flagellin band, and preparations from PA-103 had a relatively higher content of 2 keto-3-deoxyoctonate. The isolation of highly purified, single-banded flagellin could be accomplished by elution of the 53,000-molecular weight gel band. Amino acid analysis showed 16 amino acids, but no proline. Antisera to FAg preparations were used to demonstrate inhibition of motility of strains RM-46 and M-2. Heated RM-46 FAg antisera and PA-103 antisera did not inhibit motility. PMID- 6797950 TI - Cultivation and partial characterization of spiroplasmas in cell cultures. AB - Spiroplasmas were propagated in the Drosophila melanogaster cell line Dm-1. Spiroplasma citri and unidentified strains (corn shunt organism, 277F [tick isolate], powder puff, BNR-1, honey bee, and OBMG) grew to 10(8) to 10(9) colony forming units per ml and could be passaged. Cytopathic effect (CPE) varied with the infecting spiroplasma. The honey bee isolate killed Dm-1 within 2 to 4 days and produced CPE in four mammalian cells tested. At 25 degrees C, suckling mouse cataract agent produced no CPE in Dm-1 cells. Dm-1 cells did not support growth of the spiroplasmal sex ratio organism. Spiroplasmas could be detected in the cell cultures by agar inoculation, dark-field microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and DNA fluorescent staining. The uridine phosphorylase test showed significant levels of conversion of [14C]uridine to [14C]uracil for all but some plant isolates: S. citri, corn shunt organism, lettuce, cactus, and powder puff strains, the first mycoplasmas to lack the enzyme. Primary isolations of corn shunt organism from infected corn plants were made in Dm-1 and I-XII cultures. The course of corn stunt organism infection of Dm-1 was monitored for three passages. The use of agarose and Dienes staining of the colonies improved growth and colony counting of corn stunt organism. The number of viable infected DM-1 cells decreased from 1.2 x 10(7) at passage 1 to 7.0 x 10(6) at passage 2 and 3 x 10(5) at passage 3. PMID- 6797952 TI - Clinical evaluation of DNA flow cytometry of fine needle aspirates from testes of infertile men. AB - DNA flow cytometry was performed on fine needle aspirates from the testes of 40 oligozoospermic of azoospermic men under investigation for infertility. The DNA distributions from men with increased FSH serum levels were all abnormal. The values were below the level of detection (or very low) with respect to both haploid (1c) and tetraploid (4c) cells, indicating reduced proportions of spermatids and primary spermatocytes. This confirms that increased FSH serum levels are indicative of severely damaged spermatogenesis. The findings of both normal and abnormal testicular DNA distribution in the large group of oligozoospermic men indicate that the presented method may be of importance for evaluating prognosis, and for selection of men for further investigation and therapy. Many azoospermic men showed normal testicular DNA distribution patterns, suggesting the value of DNA flow cytometry for selection of such cases for surgical treatment (epididymovasostomia). PMID- 6797951 TI - Induction of the acute-phase protein serum amyloid P in experimental Chagas' disease. AB - Serum amyloid P protein (SAP), which shares several structural properties with C reactive protein, has been recently identified as an acute-phase reactant in mice. In this study, the systemic inflammatory response of mice to infection with Trypanosoma cruzi was characterized with respect to induction of SAP as well as to stage-specific alterations on complement C3 and C4 levels. The SAP response depended on the dose and infectivity of the parasites. Kinetic data indicated a close temporal relationship between the onset of parasitemia and induction of SAP. The levels of SAP were maximally enhanced (1,050%) by the time parasitemia started to regress, and the response remained elevated as the infection entered the latency phase. The decline in parasitemia was paralleled by a significant reduction in C3 levels. A reciprocal relationship between the extent of parasitemia and SAP/C3 levels became apparent when these parameters were compared in individual inbred mice during the time of decreasing parasitemia. PMID- 6797953 TI - Hypospermiogenesis and chromosomal aberrations. A clinical study of azoospermic and oligozoospermic men with normal and abnormal karyotype. AB - Clinical examinations including cytogenetical analyses were performed in 356 male partners of barren couples, 176 with azoospermia and 180 men with sperm counts below 10 million/ml. The chromosomal aberrations observed were: Klinefelter's syndrome (15 cases), 46 XX (3), 47 XYY (1), Y-chromosome anomalies (5), robertsonian (8) and reciprocal autosomal translocations (1), and 46 XY 16 h + (1). If minor variants were excluded this gave an incidence of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities of 11.9% in the azoospermia group and 4.4% in the oligozoospermia group. The phenotypes expressed by the specific anomalies showed great variations and appeared to be practically indistinguishable from those individuals having a normal karyotype. PMID- 6797954 TI - Effect of clomiphene treatment on the human testicular response to a single dose of hCG. AB - The effect of antioestrogen treatment on the human testicular response to hCG was investigated in 17 adult men to further clarify the role of endogenous oestradiol in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. Clomiphene citrate was administered in 2 different modes. Group 1 (n = 8) was treated for 6 days (100 mg of the antioestrogen once a day) and a single dose of hCG (5000 IU im) was given at the beginning of the experiment. In group 2 (n = 9), the treatment was started 7 days prior to the hCG injection and was continued for additional 6 days. In both groups peripheral blood samples were collected up to 6 days after hCG, and the sera were analysed for FSH, prolactin and 8 steroids. In group 1, the steroidogenic response was identical to that found previously in untreated men. In group 2, the 7-day treatment with clomiphene citrate led to elevated serum concentrations of LH, FSH, pregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol. When compared with these elevated values, the response of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone to hCG were diminished. The ratios of the steroid concentrations support previous reports that hCG-induced inhibition of 17-hydroxylase, 17--20 desmolase and 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-delta 4-5 isomerase is decreased during antioestrogen administration. This further substantiates the idea of a central role for endogenous testicular oestradiol in the mediation of steroidogenic lesions following acute large doses of hCG. PMID- 6797955 TI - The effect of clomiphene citrate on sex hormone binding globulin in normospermic and oligozoospermic men. AB - The effect of clomiphene citrate (CG) on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was studied in 10 oligozoospermic patients with varicocele and 6 normospermic men. Plasma SHBG, testosterone (T), oestradiol (E2), FSH, LH, Prolactin (Prl), thyroxine (T4) and 17-OH-progesterone (17-OH-P) were determined before and during medication. SHBG concentration rose from 38.1 +/- 18.3 to 54.3 +/- 16.0 nmol/l (P less than 0.01), while T and E2 showed significant increases from 31.2 +/- 10.8 nmol/l and 24.6 +/- 5.4 pg/ml to 52.0 +/- 3.6 and 43.3 +/- 14.9, respectively in the oligozoospermic patients, with similar rises noted in the normospermic men. FSH, LH and 17-OH-P were markedly elevated while on CC, but Prl and T4 remained unchanged. The findings of this study indicated the CC causes an increase of SHBG concentration, which is probably related to the rise of E2 concentration. This SHBG change, combined with the intrinsic oestrogenic activity of CC might be one of the factors responsible, through a decrease of free T and a T to E2 imbalance, for the lack of significant effect on parameters of seminal quality in so treated patients. PMID- 6797956 TI - An andrological study of 51 fertile men. AB - Andrological examination were performed on 51 healthy volunteers whose wives were pregnant. The men underwent the same clinical examinations as men in infertile couples. The results of these examinations indicate: a) a broad range of semen qualities exist in the normal fertile population several of which by previously defined standards could by considered pathological, b) that current ideas of those factors which are believed to be responsible for diminished semen quality in infertile men should by critically reexamined, nd c) greater investigations of normal fertile groups to delineate more clearly the differences between fertile and infertile men. PMID- 6797957 TI - Mapping of the Fv-4 mouse gene controlling resistance to murine leukemia viruses. AB - Fv-4, a gene controlling susceptibility to ecotropic murine leukemia viruses, was linked to both Pre-I (prealbumin) and Igh-I (immunoglobulin heavy-chain constant region) loci on chromosome 12 in mice. The gene order was Fv-4 - Pre-I - Igh-I, and the estimated frequency of recombination between Fv-4 and Pre-I was about 20%. PMID- 6797958 TI - Modulation of the expression of alkaline phosphatase genes in a human malignant cell line passaged through nude mice. AB - Hep 2/5 cells, a clone of HeLa which expresses both placental-type alkaline phosphatase and fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were grown as solid tumors in nude mice. Analysis of ALP isozymes present in tumor specimens excised at intervals over a 52-day period showed that levels of placental-type ALP had dropped markedly, while levels of the intestinal ALP remained fairly constant. Cells re-cultured from two separate tumors regained most of the original placental ALP levels. However, levels of the fetal intestinal ALP in cells returned to culture rapidly increased to more than six times the levels in the original cultured cells, and these increased levels persisted. Passage through nude mice thus induced at least semi-permanent changes in the level of expression of fetal intestinal ALP in Hep 2/5 cells, and the nature of these changes may relate to the role of the isozyme locus in malignant cells. PMID- 6797959 TI - Pulpal changes in replanted and autotransplanted apicoectomized mature teeth of dogs. AB - The purpose of the present investigation was to study whether apicoectomy, performed at the time of the operation, affects the tissue reactions of the pulp of replanted and autotransplanted mature teeth. The material consisted of 45 teeth from six adult dogs. Twenty-six teeth were replanted or autotransplanted after removal of about one fourth of the length of the root. Nineteen teeth were replanted or autotransplanted without apicoectomy. The observation periods were 10, 30 and 120 days. The teeth were longitudinally sectioned at 7 micrometers in a bucco-lingual direction. the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin or according to the van Gieson or Brown and Brenn methods. No difference was noted in the tissue reactions of the pulp of replanted and autotransplanted teeth. In the apicoectomized teeth the pulp initially became necrotic, but repair occurred through ingrowth of connective tissue that had reached the pulp horn in 14 of 15 teeth after 120 days. Cell-containing hard tissue had formed postoperatively on the root canal walls and in some teeth also centrally in the pulp. In the 19 non-apicoectomized teeth the pulp necrotized and repair did not occur. PMID- 6797960 TI - Transplantation of free tibial periosteal graft on alveolar bone defect in adult rabbit. AB - The healing of bone defect in eight adult rabbits was studied. The age range of animals was 5-23 months. The bone defects were made symmetrically in the inferior surface of the mandibles. At the defect site the root surface of continuously erupting mandibular incisors was exposed. On the left side, the bone defect was covered with a local periosteal flap (control side) and on the right side the defect was covered with a free periosteal graft from the tibia (test side). The healing of bone defects and the amount of new bone were studied. The quality of the bone formed was investigated histologically. The findings of this investigation led to the following conclusions: (1) The bone defects healed on both sides. The amount of bone on the control side was identical to that in the anatomical region. On the test side the amount of bone formed was in seven cases two to threefold that formed on the control side. (2) The histological study proved that the bone formed was lamellar bone, being identical on both the control and the test side. (3) The ages of the animals or the length of follow-up time did not affect the amount of new bone, the healing of the defect or the quality of new bone. (4) The eruption of the incisors was symmetrical. In this study the free periosteal graft from the tibia led to better bone formation than the local periosteal flap in the induced bone defects of the tooth-bearing region in the mandible of the adult rabbit. PMID- 6797961 TI - Repair processes in the cervical region of replanted and transplanted teeth in monkeys. AB - The repair processes in the cervical region of replanted teeth where the periodontal ligament was injured by either extensive drying or removal was studied. These repair processes were related to various clinical factors, such as splinting, traumatic occlusion and exactness of repositioning. Permanent incisors were extracted, root filled extraorally and allotted to the following experimental groups: (1) PDL injured by drying, no splinting; (2) PDL injured by drying, splinting for 2 weeks; (3) PDL injured by drying, replanted tooth in traumatic occlusion; (4) PDL injured by drying, no splinting, non-exact repositioning of the replanted tooth; (5) PDL removed, no splinting. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth examined histometrically. The different groups demonstrated area with normal periodontal ligament extending from 0.4 to 1 mm apically from the crestal margin, where the greatest extent was found in teeth with non-exact repositioning. The possible role of the gingiva in these repair processes is discussed. PMID- 6797962 TI - Central neurilemmoma of the maxilla. Report of a case and review of the literature. PMID- 6797963 TI - Primary reconstruction of cheek defect following excision of a large malignant melanoma: Report of a case. AB - A large malignant melanoma of the cheek with metastasis to a submandibular lymph node is described. The tumor was successfully treated by surgical excision and radical neck dissection followed by immunotherapy with intradermal injections of CWS (cell wall skeleton) of noocardia. The cheek and upper lip defects following tumor excision were reconstructed primarily by upward rotation of the cheek and neck skin flap and by lateral advancement of a full-thickness upper lip flap. The oral defect was closed by stretching the distal based mucosal flap from the lower half of the buccal mucosa. PMID- 6797964 TI - Unilateral hyperplasia of the coronoid process of the mandible. Case report. PMID- 6797965 TI - Problems encountered in the sagittal split operation. PMID- 6797966 TI - Visor/sandwich osteotomy. Progress report. AB - Modification of the visor/sandwich osteotomy in treating the atrophic mandible is described as a one stage osteotomy-sulcoplasty procedure. Seven cases, with a vertical dimension of 10 mm or less in the premolar region, were assessed over a 12-month post-operative period. Vertical measurements were obtained clinically and cephalometrically, from the symphysis and premolar regions. The rates of resorption varied considerably in each area and were most marked in the first 3 months post-operatively. PMID- 6797967 TI - Carcinoma of the oral cavity in relation to aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inducibility, smoking and dental status. AB - The authors investigated the smoking patterns in a consecutive series of 20 patients with oral cancer and at the same time assessed the aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility distribution and dental status. The AHH level proved high in 8 patients, intermediate in 7 and low in 5. High AHH inducibility was more common (p = less than 0.001) and low AHH inducibility less common (p = less than 0.001) than in the controls. Dental status was poor in only 2 patients. It is concluded that smoking is a prominent exogenous factor associated with the occurrence of cancer in the oral cavity. Poor dental status seems to be of minor importance. PMID- 6797968 TI - Trends and emphasis in research in clinical oral surgery. PMID- 6797969 TI - Condylar hyperplasia. A case for early treatment. AB - Clinical experience indicates that the condylar growth centre is an important factor in the dimensional changes of the face up to the 10th year. Thereafter muscular and functional occlusion determine the ultimate facial form. condylar hyperplasia should be recognised at a very early age. To achieve an acceptable result early treatment of facial asymmetry related to condylar hyperplasia should be considered in the most active growth phase of the mandible (6-8 years). PMID- 6797970 TI - Sagittal chin rotation of the prognathic edentulous mandible. AB - In edentulous patients with a prognathic mandible, a pronounced chin and extensive resorption of the lower alveolar ridge, the commonly used techniques of ramus osteotomy and chin reduction will not give optimal results in the majority of cases. The solution of this problem can be obtained by mandibular body ostectomy and a sagittal rotation of the frontal part of the lower jaw. By this operation the originally horizontally orientated upper plane of the chin area is placed in a more vertical position. This operative technique gives a better predictable facial contour than the conventional methods. It causes no unfavorable displacement of the lower lip and, which is very important, it gives an absolute increase of height of the lower alveolar ridge and a more favorable inclination of the frontal part of the alveolar process from a prosthetic point of view. The problems encountered and the results obtained by this technique will be demonstrated by a short case presentation. PMID- 6797971 TI - Mandibular rami osteotomies and their effect on the gonial angle. PMID- 6797973 TI - In vivo behaviour of intraosseously implanted oral epithelium in rats. PMID- 6797972 TI - Alveolitis after operative removal of third molars in the mandible. AB - The aim of the investigation was to assess the importance of various factors in the aetiology of alveolitis sicca dolorosa. Two hundren partially erupted or totally impacted mandibular third molars were surgically removed. The patients were divided into four groups. The patients in group 1 were premedicated with a single dose of penicillin-V (phenoxymethylpenicillin), those in group 2 with an antisialogogue (methylscopolamine nitrate), and those in group 3 with an antifibrinolytic agent (tranexamic acid). Group 4 were non-premedicated controls. The frequency of alveolitis in the groups 1 and 2 was significantly less than in the groups 3 and 4. This indicates the importance of salivary contamination of the surgical field and of infection as aetiologic factors in alveolitis. PMID- 6797975 TI - Double cancer of the oral region. 15-year follow-up of a double cancer of malignant melanoma of the lip and adenocarcinoma of the stomach. PMID- 6797974 TI - Evaluation of different types of autotransplanted connective tissues as potential periodontal ligament substitutes. An experimental replantation study in monkeys. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate connective tissue autotransplants as potential periodontal ligament substitutes. Green Vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) were used. Maxillary permanent central incisors were extracted, root filled extraorally and the periodontal ligament removed from the root surface and the socket wall. Two circular cavities were prepared mesially and distally on the root surface. Different types of connective tissue autotransplants were then placed in these cavities, whereafter the teeth were replanted. The animals were sacrificed 8 weeks after replantation and the replanted teeth were examined histometrically. The connective tissue autotransplants were then examined for their capability of preventing root resorption or inducing or forming a new periodontal ligament, including periodontal fibers and cementum. Autotransplanted cutaneous and mucosal connective tissue as well as periosteum and fascia were all found to partially prevent ankylosis by forming a fibrous barrier between the root surface and the alveolus. However, no new cementum was formed. Periodontal ligament transplants, dental follicular tissue and possibly gingival connective tissue were the only tissues capable of both preventing ankylosis and forming a hard tissue on the surface of the cavity with a morphology similar to cementum. It is concluded that cementogenesis requires a highly specialized connective tissue. In this experiment, only odontogenic tissues had this capacity. PMID- 6797976 TI - Submucosal nodular fasciitis arising within the buccal area. Report of case. PMID- 6797978 TI - Technetium-99 m complexes of EDTA analogs: studies of the radiochemistry and biodistribution. PMID- 6797977 TI - Velopharyngeal insufficiency in neurofibromatosis. AB - This report describes 7 patients with hypernasal speech associated with neurofibromatosis. Multi-view videofluoroscopic and nasopharyngoscopic examinations of the velopharyngeal sphincter showed a variety of velopharyngeal valving failures amongst the 7 patients. Extensive evaluation failed to find the pathogenesis of velopharyngeal insufficiency in these patients. PMID- 6797980 TI - Dietary selenium and levels of L-ascorbic acid in the plasma, livers, and lungs of polychlorinated biphenyls-treated rats. AB - Administration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) (500 mg Aroclor, 1254/kg body weight) intraperitoneally significantly increased the levels of L-ascorbic acid in the plasma and livers, but not in the lungs of one-month-old male rats maintained on a basal low selenium diet with or without 2.0 ppm selenium (as sodium selenite) supplementation for 19 weeks prior to PCB treatment. The levels of L-ascorbic acid were not significantly altered by dietary selenium. In another experiment, 40 days or 15-month-old male rats were fed the same basal selenium diet with or without 1.0 ppm selenium for 1 month prior to PCB treatment. The plasma levels of ascorbic acid were found to increase significantly by PCB treatment, but not by the status of dietary selenium or by animal age. As expected, the activity of selenium dependent glutathione peroxidase was markedly decreased in the plasma, livers, and lungs of rats fed the low selenium diet. However, the enzyme activity was not significantly altered by PCB treatment in plasma, livers, and lungs of animals in both dietary groups. PMID- 6797979 TI - Adjuvant and mitogenic activities of niacine derivatives and their NAD-analogs. AB - The effects of niacine derivatives and their corresponding NAD-analogs on the immune response in vivo and in vitro and the mitogenic activity were investigated. The compounds III, IIIa, IV, V and Va act as adjuvants on the production of circulating antibody to bacterial alpha-amylase in guinea pigs when they were immunized as water-in-oil emulsion. All the compounds at 10-micrograms dose can act as adjuvant on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro. However it was shown that all the compounds had slight or no adjuvant activity on the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ABA-N-acetyl-L tyrosine. The compounds I, Ia and II were mitogenic in normal mouse spleen cells. PMID- 6797981 TI - Comparison of the activities and stabilities of alkaline glutaraldehyde sterilizing solutions. AB - The sporicidal activities and shelf life stabilities of three alkaline glutaraldehyde-containing sterilizing solutions were evaluated. The time required to reduce a population of spores by one log is the D-value. The test methods employed were the D-value and survival rates. Sporicidin, a new preparation containing a phenolic buffer, was both more stable and more active against test spores than two other test agents, Cidex and Cidex-7. PMID- 6797982 TI - Endogenous and exogenous infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a burns unit. AB - Twenty patients who were admitted to the Burns Unit from December, 1969 through October, 1970 were studies to determine the sources of infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The pyocine typing method was employed for finger printing of 383 isolates recovered from wounds and 67 isolates from environmental cultures of nurses' hands, sinks, floors, bed rails, walls and baths. In addition, cultures of moist rectal swabs were carried out daily for the first six days of hospitalization to assess the importance of endogenous infection. In six patients, the rectum was identified as the source of infection. However, in these patients, pyocine types of Ps. aeruginosa which were not obtained from rectal cultures, were also recovered. Pyocine types 1b, 10 and 31 were isolated more frequently than others. Clustering of common pyocine types suggests cross contamination. Sinks were found to be consistently contaminated with Ps. aeruginosa. Amongst the environmental sources, positive cultures were occasionally obtained from floors, bed rails and nurses' hands. It is suggested that sinks are probably the most important reservoir of Pseudomonas infection in burns. PMID- 6797983 TI - Long-term application of haloperidol: effects on dopamine and acetylcholine receptors. AB - Rats were injected daily with haloperidol, 0.5 mg/kg i.p., or pimozide, 2 mg/kg i.p., for a period of 8 or 16 days, respectively. 24 h after the last injection of haloperidol, these rats were challenged with gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in doses of 200-750 mg/kg i.p. In haloperidol-treated rats, higher doses of GBL are needed in order to increase the rate of dopa accumulation. This finding demonstrates the development of supersensitivity of dopamine (DA) autoreceptors towards endogenously released DA. Pimozide had no effect on the increased rate of dopa accumulation induced by increasing doses of GBL. From this data it is concluded that pimozide in our model is mainly active on postsynaptic DA receptors and haloperidol is active on pre- and postsynaptic DA receptors. In rats treated chronically with daily injections of haloperidol, benztropine, in a dose of 50 mg/kg, induced a decrease in dopa accumulation which was more marked than the decrease seen with benztropine, 50 mg/kg in animals treated with a single injection of haloperidol only. The opiate antagonist, naloxone at a dose of 10 mg/kg, had no effect on these results. Benztropine, 50 mg/kg i.p., had no effect on the increased rate of dopa accumulation induced by GBL, 400 mg/kg. The data support the hypothesis that in parallel to the development of supersensitive postsynaptic DA receptors, there is a development of subsensitivity in cholinergic receptors within the nigro-neostriatal system. Further the results show that a new DA-acetylcholine equilibrium is reached during long-term haloperidol treatment. The implications of these findings in regard to extrapyramidal side effects during long-term neuroleptic treatment are briefly discussed. PMID- 6797984 TI - [The present state of knowledge on the treatment of peptic diseases with cimetidine]. PMID- 6797986 TI - A management strategy for prospective case-based payment. AB - Now is the time for developing prospective case-based payment systems, which expand managerial responsibility. Many states are considering implementing these systems for potentially decreased health care costs, more refined measurement of productivity and increased political control. PMID- 6797985 TI - Immunogenetics of childhood celiac disease: the association with HDA DR3 and DR7 in unrelated patients with multiply affected families. AB - The association between childhood celiac disease and the histocompatibility complex was studied in five multiply affected families and 20 unrelated patients. The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) was established by three consecutive jejunal biopsies: 1) at the initiation of the diagnosis; 2) following a gluten-free diet; and 3) after gluten provocation. The results of this study indicate that a significant association exists between celiac disease, DR3 (P less than 0.001) and DR7 (P less than 0.001). The relative risks for these antigens were 8.56 and 5.05, respectively. Segregation analysis in the families suggested that the susceptibility genes associated with the histocompatibility antigens are not inherited in either a dominant or a recessive pattern. While an intermediate type fits better into the genetic framework of CD, more than one susceptibility and protecting gene may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6797987 TI - [Multiple basaloma and meningioma following long-term arsenic therapy]. PMID- 6797988 TI - Exposure patterns and ALARA in U.K. universities. PMID- 6797989 TI - Genetical variation for enzyme activity in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Molecular variation in the control of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity. AB - Four characters, ADH activity at 25 degrees, immunologically determined ADH protein level, total protein and body weight were measured upon 72 hour old adult female and male Drosophila melanogaster from 16 highly inbred lines, derived from the laboratory population, "Texas" (established 1966). The highest levels of ADH activity and ADH protein level were observed in the 2 lined homozygous for the AdhF allele. Amongst the 14 AdhS/S lines variation for ADH protein level was associated with genetical variation for ADH activity (r = 0.6). The genetical association between ADH activity or ADH protein level and either body weight or total protein in the 16 inbred lines was not statistically significant. A study of ADH activity, ADH protein and total protein in 8 lines representing all homozygous combinations of chromosomes I, II and III and derived from two inbred AdhS/S lines, chosen for their respective high and low ADH activities, showed that ADH activity was considerably modified by a post-translational event controlled from chromosome III. Total protein was controlled by different chromosomal effects from those controlling ADH activity. Michaelis constants for crude fly extracts of the two AdhF/F and the above two AdhS/S lines showed clear differences in affinity for isopropanol. PMID- 6797990 TI - Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: detoxification of isopropanol and acetone, substances not used in energy metabolism. PMID- 6797991 TI - The use of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid to preserve reconstituted collagen for electron microscopy. AB - The effects of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid on the axial periodicity of collagen have measured. Both fixatives produce axial shrinkage of the collagen but whereas glutaraldehyde produces 7% shrinkage, tannic acid produces only 2% shrinkage. The technique of carbon/platinum shadowing was used to estimate the extent to which the collagen fibrils flatten down when they are dried onto grids for electron microscopy without prior embedding and sectioning. The influence of fixation was studied and it was found that minimum distortion occurred when both tannic acid and glutaraldehyde were used to preserve the protein structure. PMID- 6797992 TI - Early changes in brush border disaccharidase kinetics in rat jejunum following subcutaneous administration of tetraiodothyronine: a quantitative histochemical study on villi revealing normal morphology. AB - In order to test the influence of thyroid hormones on small intestine function, adult female Wistar rats were injected daily with either 100 microgram/100 g body weight tetraiodothyronine or placebo. After 12 days, jejunal segments were removed and processed for morphometric analysis of mucosal architecture and quantitative histochemical determinations of the apparent Km- and Vmax-values of lactase/beta-glucosidase and neutral alpha-glucosidase at constant basal and apical measuring positions along the villi. The villus-crypt-architecture was the same in both experimental groups. At the cellular level, however, application of tetraiodothyronine resulted in a marked decrease in the apparent Vmax of lactase/beta-glucosidase at both villus positions, maintaining the normal activity gradient along the villi. In comparison with the controls, a less pronounced but significant reduction in activity was also demonstrated for the neutral alpha-glucosidase. Substrate affinity, however, was only increased for this enzyme, the apparent Km of lactase/beta-glucosidase not being affected by the hormone. The results indicate a direct effect of tetraiodothyronine on jejunal brush border disaccharidases of the rat. The alternative mechanism, an effect mediated by an altered enterocyte turnover is unlikely to occur. PMID- 6797993 TI - Preoperative whole pelvis verus true pelvis irradiation and/or cystectomy for bladder cancer. PMID- 6797994 TI - Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas of upper digestive and respiratory tracts. PMID- 6797995 TI - Radiotherapy of unusual benign disease. PMID- 6797996 TI - Carotid chemoreceptors in ventilatory responses to changes in venous CO2 load. AB - We examined the role of the carotid chemoreceptors in the ventilatory response to changes in venous CO2 load in 12 awake sheep using a venovenous extracorporeal perfusion circuit and two carbon dioxide membrane lungs (CDML). Three of the sheep had undergone surgical denervation of the carotid bodies (CBD). In the nine intact sheep, as CO2 was removed from or added to the peripheral venous blood through the CDML under normoxic conditions, there was a linear relationship between the rate of pulmonary CO2 excretion (VCO2) and the resulting rate of ventilation over a VCO2 range of 0--800% of control, so that arterial PCO2 remained close to isocapnic. In contrast, in the three CBD sheep, the ventilatory response to changes in VCO2 was significantly decreased under normoxic conditions, resulting in marked hypercapnia. The results indicate that the carotid chemoreceptors exert a major influence on the ventilatory response to changes in venous CO2 load. PMID- 6797997 TI - Influence of progesterone on arterial blood and CSF acid-base balance in women. AB - To study the mechanism of the action of progesterone on pulmonary ventilation during pregnancy, arterial and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base parameters were measured in 59 pregnant and 36 nonpregnant women at the periods of follicular phase, luteal phase, early pregnancy, late pregnancy, and puerperium. Marked respiratory alkalosis in both arterial blood and CSF was observed in pregnancy and puerperium. The degree of hypocapnia observed in the luteal phase and during pregnancy was closely related to the progesterone level in arterial blood. In conclusion, it is unlikely that the observed hyperventilation results from stimulation at the central chemosensitive areas or peripheral chemoreceptors. PMID- 6797998 TI - Measurement of respiratory gas exchange during artificial respiration. AB - This paper reports a new system for the continuous measurements of respiratory gas exchange in ventilated subjects. It involves mixing some of the inspired gas with all of the expired gas and withdrawing the mixture at a constant rate through a dry gas meter that measures the flow. The inspired gas and expired gas mixtures are sampled and O2 and CO2 concentrations measured with a paramagnetic gas analyzer and a capnograph, respectively, to an accuracy of 0.01%. Evidence is presented to confirm the necessary stability and sensitivity of these instruments. It is possible to use the system with high inspired O2 concentrations, with ventilators where there is incomplete separation of inspired and expired gas, and in the presence of intermittent mandatory ventilation, positive end-expiratory pressure, and continuous airway pressure. The system was compared with the N2-dilution method and with the collection of expired gas in a Douglas bag in dog experiments and with patients in the intensive therapy unit. Excellent correlation between these methods was found in all circumstances. PMID- 6797999 TI - Vagotomy reverses apnea induced by high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. AB - Apnea has been observed in both animals and patients during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. The effects of vagotomy were studied during periods of oscillator-induced apnea in 11 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. The animals were intubated and breathing spontaneously. An arterial cannula was inserted for monitoring blood pressure and blood gases. Intratracheal airway pressure was measured, and respiratory activity was assessed using either an intrapleural catheter or esophageal balloon. The dogs then underwent high-frequency ventilation at 15 Hz. Apnea was induced by appropriate selection of volume displacement of the piston pump and the distal airway pressure in eucapnic animals. Segments of right and left vagus nerves were exposed in the neck, bathed in local anesthetic, and transected. Spontaneous ventilation resumed immediately in nine animals and could not be suppressed at the same CO2 partial pressure despite continuation of oscillation. We conclude that the apnea observed during high-frequency ventilation is mediated by active vagal inhibition of central respiratory activity and is usually reversed by vagotomy. PMID- 6798001 TI - Effects of naloxone on carotid body chemoreception and ventilation in the cat. AB - The effects of intravenous injection of naloxone (0.4 mg.kg-1), an opiate antagonist, on the responses of carotid body chemoreceptor discharge and ventilation to steady-state levels of hypoxia and hypercapnia were investigated in 12 anesthesized cats. After naloxone, carotid chemoreceptor response to hypoxia (PaO2 60--30 Torr) was enhanced, a finding that suggested that the endogenous enkephalin-like peptide present in the carotid body inhibits carotid chemoreceptors. This reasoning is supported by the observation that close intra arterial injection of met-enkephalin inhibits carotid chemoreceptors and that the effect is blocked by naloxone. After naloxone, ventilation was stimulated even in the absence of a significant stimulation of carotid chemoreceptors during hyperoxia, indicating that ventilation is normally suppressed by endogenous opiates in the central nervous system, an effect disinhibited by naloxone. Also, the ventilatory effect of the peripheral chemoreceptor input was augmented after naloxone. PMID- 6798002 TI - Pattern of breathing and ventilatory response to CO2 in subjects practicing hatha yoga. AB - WE studied eight Belgian subjects well advanced in the practice of hatha-yoga and compared them with eight sex-, age-, and height-matched control subjects. Practice of yoga (range 4-12 yr) involves control of posture and manipulation of breathing, including slow near-vital capacity maneuvers accompanied by apnea at end inspiration and end expiration. Average values for the yoga and the control group (in parentheses) are as follows: ventilation (VE) 5.53 1 X min-1 (7.07); tidal volume (VT), 1.03 liters (0.56); rate of breathing, 5.5 min-1 (13.4); end tidal PCO2, 39.0 Torr (35.3). All differences are significant (P less than 0.05). Ventilatory response to CO2 (rebreathing technique) was significantly lower in the yoga group (P less than 0.01). The regression relating VE to VT during rebreathing of CO2 was VE = 8.1 (VT - 0.23) for the yoga group and VE = 15.8 (VT 0.16) for the control group (P less than 0.005). We attribute these changes to chronic manipulation of respiration. PMID- 6798003 TI - Breath-by-breath measurement of true alveolar gas exchange. AB - A method has been developed for on-line breath-by-breath calculation of alveolar gas exchange by correcting the gas exchange measured at the mouth for changes in lung gas stores. The corrections are applied to the total lung gas exchange, which is found by directly subtracting expired from inspired volume of each gas. Corrections are made for both breath-to-breath changes in lung volumes and changes in alveolar gas concentrations. The lung volume correction term has the effect of reducing the large error sensitivity of O2 exchange that has, in the past, resulted from direct determination by total lung gas exchange. Error each gas. Corrections are made for both breath-to-breath changes in lung volumes and changes in alveolar gas concentrations. The lung volume correction term has the effect of reducing the large error sensitivity of O2 exchange that has, in the past, resulted from direct determination by total lung gas exchange. Error each gas. Corrections are made for both breath-to-breath changes in lung volumes and changes in alveolar gas concentrations. The lung volume correction term has the effect of reducing the large error sensitivity of O2 exchange that has, in the past, resulted from direct determination by total lung gas exchange. Error sensitivity analysis shows that the effect of inaccuracies due to errors in measuring gas flow or gas concentrations are similar in magnitude to those in the open-circuit method that has traditionally been used. The algorithm for alveolar gas exchange has been implemented in a computer program for on-line respiratory analysis alongside the open-circuit calculation of gas exchange at the mouth that has been used in out laboratory. By use of several experimental studies, it is shown that there are very apparent breath-to-breath differences between the gas exchange measured by the two methods. During metabolic and respiratory transients, these differences often have significant influence on interpretation of the underlying physiology. PMID- 6798000 TI - Effects of menstrual cycle on blood lactate, O2 delivery, and performance during exercise. AB - The effects of the menstrual cycle on cardiorespiratory variables, blood lactate, and performance were studied in exercising females. Nine healthy subjects, 20--24 yr of age, were investigated in midfollicular and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycle at 33, 66, and 90% of maximum power output (light, heavy, and exhaustive exercise). Occurrence of ovulation was confirmed in all subjects by measurement of progesterone, which increased from 0.6 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- SE) in the follicular to 8.9 +/- 2.2 ng/ml in the luteal phase. There was no difference in heart rate (HR), ventilation, O2 uptake, or CO2 output between the two phases during light and heavy exercise, and there was no difference in HR at exhaustion. Cardiac output measured midway through light and heavy exercise periods was not affected by the phase of testing. Time for which exhaustive exercise could be maintained increased from 1.57 +/- 0.32 in the follicular to 2.97 +/- 0.63 min in the luteal phase (P less than 0.02). Blood lactate was higher in the follicular phase after heavy exercise (6.62 +/- 0.8 vs. 4.92 +/- 0.5 mmol/l) (P less than 0.05) and at exhaustion (8.12 +/- 0.9 vs. 6.76 +/- 0.6 mmol/L) (P less than 0.01). A further study showed no effect of cycle phase on lactate disappearance during exercise. We conclude that while aerobic performance and the cardiorespiratory adaptations to exercise are not influenced by the phase of the menstrual cycle, performance of high-intensity exercise is improved, and lactate production appears to be decreased in the luteal phase when estradiol and progesterone levels are elevated. PMID- 6798004 TI - Fredericamycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic. I. Production, isolation and physicochemical properties. AB - A new antitumor antibiotic, fredericamycin A (FCRC-A48, NSC-305263), has been isolated from a strain of Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-48). Based on its unique ultraviolet-visible spectrum, infrared spectrum, proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and mass spectra, it is judged to be a novel acid-base indicator type of compound. Its production, isolation and physicochemical properties are discussed. The isolation, ultraviolet-visible spectrum and some biological properties of two minor components, fredericamycin B and fredericamycin C, are also described. PMID- 6798005 TI - Differential selective toxicity of DMS-aureofacin components. AB - Trimethylammonium methyl esters (DMS) of polyene macrolides are products of the methylation of native polyene antibiotics with dimethyl sulfate. We isolated individual components of the DMS-aureofacin complex and characterized their toxicity and activity to induce permeability changes in cell membranes. The DMS aureofacin complex contained five components readily separated by thin-layer chromatography on polygram cellulose plates. DMS-Aureofacin A, a major component of the complex (90%), showed poor selective toxicity between yeast cells and mammalian cells grown in culture. DMS-Aureofacin B (6%) and DMS-aureofacin E (4%) exhibited very high biological activities and differed qualitatively in selective toxicity. DMS-Aureofacin B was much more active for mammalian cells than for yeast cells. In contrast, DMS-aureofacin E was much more active for yeast cells than for mammalian cells. DMS-Aureofacin C and D were present in the complex in only minute quantities which did not permit their biological characterization. PMID- 6798006 TI - Production of vernamycin by a Micromonospora. PMID- 6798007 TI - Age-associated changes in secretory patterns of growth hormone, prolactin and thyrotropin and the hormonal responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rams. PMID- 6798008 TI - Failure of stress and supplemental lighting to affect release of prolactin in swine. AB - Concentrations of prolactin (PRL) were quantified in blood serum collected by cannula from prepubertal gilts and by venipuncture from young boars. Subjecting the gilts to a 1-min experimental stress, which consisted of physical restraint with a snare, did not significantly affect serum PRL. However, injection of 50 micrograms thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) abruptly increased serum PRL within 5 minutes. In a second experiment with gilts, the stress of vascular cannulation did not increase serum PRL during the ensuing 4-hr period in comparison with concentrations in other gilts cannulated 90 min or 18 hr earlier. Venipuncture samples were obtained biweekly from boars exposed to natural lighting or to supplemental lighting that extended the photoperiod to 15 hr/day. Supplemental lighting did not affect serum concentrations of PRL of board during the period from 17 to 33 weeks of age. Thus, PRL release in swine was resistant to stress and to supplemental lighting, two factors which readily cause PRL release in other species. However, the PRL response to exogenous TRH was similar to that observed in other species. PMID- 6798009 TI - Development of a homologous radioimmunoassay for ovine follicle stimulating hormone: studies after estrus, ovariectomy, estradiol and releasing hormone. PMID- 6798010 TI - Endogenous hormone response and fertility in dairy heifers treated with norgestomet and estradiol valerate. AB - Seventy postpuberal dairy heifers were assigned to remain untreated (n = 26) or to receive the Syncro-Mate-B (SMB) treatment (n = 44). Untreated heifers were inseminated at 12 hr after detection of estrus, while SMB-treated heifers were inseminated either at 48 hr after implant removal (group 1) or at 12 hr after detection of estrus (group 2). Jugular blood was collected at regular intervals from four untreated heifers and from 20 SMB heifers. In untreated heifers, estradiol-17 beta (E) was unchanged throughout the estrous cycle. Progesterone (P) reached maximum concentrations during the luteal phase and then declined to less than 2 ng/ml before estrus. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) ranged between 50.1 and 100.2 ng/ml during the estrous cycle, then reached a peak (P less than .05) concentration of 516.2 ng/ml coincident with peak luteinizing hormone (LH) concentration at 12 hr after the detection of estrus. In SMB-treated heifers, plasma E increased by 12 hr after injection of estradiol valerate and then declined throughout the rest of the sampling period. P declined to less than 2 ng/ml by 24 hr after administration of the SMB treatment and remained low throughout the sampling period. FSH declined in response to SMB treatment, then reached a peak (P less than .05) concentration coincident with peak LH 40 hr after implant removal. First service pregnancy rates among the untreated, group 1 and group 2 heifers, were 65, 58 and 38%, respectively, and did not differ (P greater than .05). SMB treatment was effective in inducing luteolysis and in suppressing estrus and peak gonadotropin release. Intervals from implant removal until estrus and from implant removal until peak gonadotropin release were highly variable among SMB-treated animals. PMID- 6798011 TI - In-vitro activity of MK0787 (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative organisms and its stability to their beta lactamases. PMID- 6798012 TI - Bactericidal activity of ampicillin and amoxicillin. PMID- 6798013 TI - Comparison of sublingual nitroglycerine and isosorbide dinitrate ointment by radionuclide ventriculography. PMID- 6798014 TI - Facial hemiatrophy, a case report. PMID- 6798015 TI - Distribution of mannosamine and mannosaminuronic acid among cell walls of Bacillus species. AB - The distribution of mannosamine, mannosaminuronic acid, and the enzymes responsible for the formation of these saccharides was studied in nine species (18 strains) of Bacillus. Whereas UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase activity was detected in all of the strains examined, UDP-N-acetylmannosamine dehydrogenase, as well as the activity incorporating N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid residues from UDP-N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid into polymer, was found only in four strains of B. megaterium and one strain each of B. subtilis and B. polymyxa. The cell walls prepared from the six above-named strains were shown to contain mannosaminuronic acid in amounts of 135 to 245 nmol/mg. In contrast, mannosamine had a wide distribution. The cell walls from two strains of B. cereus and one strain each of B. circulans, B. polymyxa, B. sphaericus, and B. cereus subsp. mycoides contained mannosamine in amounts of 370 to 470 nmol/mg. In addition, the cell walls from five strains of B. subtilis, two strains of B. megaterium, and one strain each of B. cereus. B. coagulans, and B. licheniformis also contained this amino sugar in amounts as small as 10 to 35 nmol/mg. On the basis of analytical data, it is suggested that the mannosamine present in small amounts may be a common constituent of linkage units between peptidoglycan and other cell wall components such as glycerol teichoic acid. PMID- 6798016 TI - Fermentation and anaerobic respiration by Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - Rhodospirillum rubrum and Rhodopseudomonas capsulata were able to grow anaerobically in the dark either by a strict mixed-acid fermentation of sugars or, in the presence of an appropriate electron acceptor, by an energy-linked anaerobic respiration. Both species fermented fructose without the addition of accessory oxidants, but required the initial presence of bicarbonate before fermentative growth could begin. Major products of R. rubrum fermentation were succinate, acetate, propionate, formate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide; R. capsulata produced major amounts of lactate, acetate, succinate, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. R. rubrum and R. capsulata were also capable of growing strictly through anaerobic, respiratory mechanisms. Nonfermentable substrates, such as succinate, malate, or acetate, supported growth only in the presence of an electron acceptor such as dimethyl sulfoxide or trimethylamine oxide. Carbon dioxide and dimethyl sulfide were produced during growth of R. rubrum and R. capsulata on succinate plus dimethyl sulfoxide. Molar growth yields from cultures grown anaerobically in the dark on fructose plus dimethyl sulfoxide were 3.8 to 4.6 times higher than values obtained from growth on fructose alone and were 56 to 60% of the values obtained from aerobic, respiratory growth with fructose. Likewise, molar growth yields from anaerobic, respiratory growth conditions with succinate plus dimethyl sulfoxide were 51 to 54% of the values obtained from aerobic, respiratory growth with succinate. The data indicate that dimethyl sulfoxide or trimethylamine oxide as a terminal oxidant is approximately 33 to 41% as efficient as O(2) in conserving energy through electron transport-linked respiration. PMID- 6798017 TI - Depression of hydrogenase during limitation of electron donors and derepression of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase during carbon limitation of Alcaligenes eutrophus. AB - Alcaligenes eutrophus did not form the key enzymes of autotrophic metabolism, the soluble and particulate hydrogenases and ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPC), during heterotrophic growth on succinate in batch cultures. During succinate-limited growth in a chemostat, high activities of both hydrogenases were observed. With decreasing dilution rate (D) the steady-state hydrogenase activity (H) followed first-order kinetics, expressed as follows: H = Hmax .e alpha.D. An identical correlation was observed when autotrophic growth in a chemostat was limited by molecular hydrogen. During autotrophic growth under oxygen or carbon dioxide limitation, the activity if the soluble hydrogenase was low. These data suggested that hydrogenase formation depended on the availability of reducing equivalents to the cells. RuBPC activities were not correlated with the hydrogenase activities. During succinate-limited growth, RuBPC appeared at intermediate activities. During autotrophic growth in a carbon dioxide-limited chemostat, RuBPC was highly derepressed. RuBPC activity was not detected in cells that suffered from energy limitation with a surplus of carbon, as in a heterotrophic oxygen-limited chemostat, nor was it detected in cells limited in carbon and energy, as in the case of complete exhaustion of a heterotrophic substrate. From these data I concluded that RuBPC formation in A. eutrophus depends on two conditions, namely, carbon starvation and an excess of reducing equivalents. PMID- 6798018 TI - Trimethylamine oxide respiration in Proteus sp. strain NTHC153: electron transfer dependent phosphorylation and L-serine transport. AB - Cells of Proteus sp. strains NTHC153 grown anaerobically with glucose and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) were converted to spheroplasts by the penicillin method. The spheroplasts were lysed by osmotic shock, and the membrane vesicles were purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Vesicles energized electron transfer from formate to TMAO displayed active anaerobic transport of serine. An anaerobic cell-free extract of Proteus sp. disrupted in a French pressure cell reduced TMAO with formate and NADH with the concomitant formation of organic phosphate. The net P/2e- ratios determined were 0.1 and 0.3, respectively. The NADH- and TMAO-dependent phosphorylation was sensitive to uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation (protonophores), and the formate- and TMAO-dependent serine transport was sensitive to ionophores and protonophores. We conclude that TMAO reduction in Proteus sp. fulfills the essential features of anaerobic respiration. PMID- 6798020 TI - Rapid transient growth at low pH in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. AB - The thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain Y-7c-s grows at its maximum rate at a high pH (pH 8 and above) the does not show sustained growth below pH 6.5. However, rapidly growing, exponential-phase cells from high-pH cultures continued to grow rapidly for several hours after transfer to pH 6.0 or 5.0. This transient growth represented increases in mass and protein, but cells failed to complete division. Viability loss commenced well before the cessation of growth, and cells at pH 5.0 showed no net DNA synthesis. When irradiated by visible light, cells at pH 6.0 and 5.0 maintained and internal pH of 6.9 to 7.1 (determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and an extremely high ATP/(ATP + ADP) ratio even after growth had ceased. Cells exposed to a low pH did not show an increase in the spontaneous mutation rate, as measured by mutation to streptomycin resistance. However, cells already resistant to streptomycin were more resistant to viability loss at a low pH than the parental type. Cultures that could grow transiently at a low pH had higher rates of viability loss than nongrowing cultures in light or darkness. The retention of a high internal pH by cells exposed to a low pH suggested that a low pH acted initially on the cell membrane, possibly on solute transport. PMID- 6798019 TI - Internal pH and ATP-ADP pools in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. during exposure to growth-inhibiting low pH. AB - Y-7c-s Synechococcus thermophilic strain grew at its maximum rate at pH 8 and above. The growth rate of this strain was inhibited at pH 7.0 and below, and at pH 6.0 there was no sustained growth. At a suboptimal pH, high light intensity further depressed the growth rate. The inhibition of growth resulted neither from pheophytinization nor from a low chlorophyll content. At pH 5.0 a loss of viability preceded the appearance of pheophytin. Cells exposed to low, growth inhibiting external pH levels continued to maintain a high internal pH (pH 7.1 to 7.3, as determined at moderate light intensities by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy). Even during exposure to pH 4.8, cells retained a relatively high internal pH. Thus, it appeared that the inhibition of growth at low pH was not caused by acidification of the cytoplasm. Darkened cells maintained a slightly lower internal pH than irradiated cells. The ATP/(ATP + ADP) ratio decreased from 0.80 to 0.82 at pH 8.0 to about 0.6 when growth was limited by exposure to pH 6.0 or by low light intensity. It is possible, but not likely, that a limitation of the energy supply may slow or stop growth when the external pH is lowered. PMID- 6798022 TI - Synthesis of several membrane proteins during developmental aggregation in Myxococcus xanthus. AB - We have examined the pattern of synthesis of several membrane proteins during the aggregation phase of development in Myxococcus xanthus. Development was initiated by plating vegetative cells on polycarbonate filters placed on top of an agar medium that supported fruiting body formation. At various times during aggregation a filter was removed, the cells were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine, and the membrane proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rate of synthesis of numerous individual proteins changed during aggregation; we concentrated on six whose pattern of synthesis was greatly altered during aggregation. The rate of synthesis of five of the six proteins increased considerably during aggregation; that of the remaining protein was curtailed and appeared to be regulated by nutrient conditions. Three of the five major membrane proteins that increased during aggregation had a unique pattern of synthesis that was displayed only under conditions that are are required for development - high cell density, nutrient depletion, and a solid (agar) surface. The remaining two proteins were not unique to development; the appearance of one protein could be induced under conditions of high cell density, whereas the other could be induced by placing the cells on a solid agar surface. All of the five major proteins that appeared during development did so during the preaggregation stage, and the synthesis of four of the five proteins appeared to be curtailed late in aggregation. The synthesis of the remaining protein continued throughout aggregation. PMID- 6798021 TI - Comparison of unitrophic and mixotrophic substrate metabolism by acetate-adapted strain of Methanosarcina barkeri. AB - We examined the unitrophic metabolism of acetate and methanol individually and the mixotrophic utilization of these compounds by using detailed (14)C-labeled tracer studies in a strain of Methanosarcina barkeri adapted to grow on acetate as the sole carbon and energy source. The substrate consumption rate and methane production rate were significantly lower on acetate alone than during the unitrophic or mixotrophic metabolism of methanol. Cell yields (in grams per mole of substrate) were identical during exponential growth on acetate and exponential growth on methanol. During unitrophic metabolism of acetate, the methyl moiety accounted for the majority of the CH(4) produced, but 14% of the CO(2) generated originated from the methyl moiety. This correlated with the concurrent reduction of equivalent amounts of the C-1 of acetate to CH(4). (14)CH(4) was also produced from added (14)CO(2), although to a lesser extent than from reduction of the C-1 of acetate. During mixotrophic metabolism, methanol and acetate were catabolized simultaneously. The rates of (14)CH(4) and (14)CO(2) generation from [2 (14)C]acetate were logarithmic and higher in mixotrophic than in unitrophic cultures at substrate concentrations of 50 mM. A comparison of the oxidoreductase activities in cell extracts of the acetate-adapted strain grown on acetate and of strain MS grown on methanol or on H(2) plus CO(2) indicated that the pyruvate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities remained constant, whereas the CO dehydrogenase activity was significantly higher (5,000 nmol/min per mg of protein) in the acetate-adapted strain. These results suggested that a significant intramolecular redox pathway is possible for the generation of CH(4) from acetate, that energy metabolism from acetate by M. barkeri is not catabolite repressed by methanol, and that the acetate-adapted strain is a metabolic mutant with derepressed CO dehydrogenase activity. PMID- 6798023 TI - Identification of cell wall subunits in bacillus subtilis and analysis of their segregation during growth. AB - Continuous as well as pulse-labeling and chase experiments with Bacillus subtilis demonstrated that the cell wall (both peptidoglycan and teichoic acid) is composed of a limited number of blocks which, once completed, segregate during subsequent growth without undergoing any mixing with newly synthesized blocks. This observation suggests that new wall material is inserted in a limited number of zones. Previously reported observations which suggested diffuse intercalation of new wall material are reinterpreted on the basis of our results. Experiments performed on different media showed that the number of segregation units per unit of cell length and thus the density of insertion zones increases with medium richness. This finding suggests analogies between the regulation of cell wall and DNA synthesis. PMID- 6798024 TI - Accumulation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in Spirulina platensis. AB - Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate has been identified in the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis. The addition of reduced carbon compounds to the growth medium was not required for poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulation. Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulated during exponential growth to 6% of the total dry weight and then decreased during the stationary phase. PMID- 6798025 TI - L-arabinose metabolism in Azospirillum brasiliense. AB - An oxidative pathway by which L-arabinose is converted to alpha-ketoglutarate in crude extracts of Azospirillum brasiliense is demonstrated. Specific activities of enzymes involved in the pathway were determined, and several pathway intermediates were identified. PMID- 6798026 TI - Cloning of the Bacillus subtilis sulfanilamide resistance gene in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A recombinant plasmid was constructed by ligation of chromosomal DNA from a sulfanilamide-resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis to the plasmid vector pUB110 which specifies neomycin resistance. Recombinant molecules generated in vitro were introduced into a B. subtilis recipient strain which carried the recE4 mutation, and selection was for neomycin-sulfanilamide-resistant transformants. A single colony was isolated containing the recombinant plasmid pKO101. This 6.3 megadalton plasmid simultaneously conferred resistance to neomycin and sulfanilamide when transferred into sensitive Rec+ or Rec- cells by either transduction or transformation. PMID- 6798027 TI - Induction of cellulose in Schizophyllum commune: thiocellobiose as a new inducer. AB - Several mono-, di, tetra-, and polysaccharides were screened for their ability to induced cellulase production by the tetrapolar hymenomycete Schizophyllum commune. Out of 21 carbohydrates screened, 4 (thiocellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose, cellobiose, and xylan) induced all three enzymes tested (carboxymethylcellulase, beta-glucosidase, and xylanase). The inducing effect increased with rising concentrations of the inducers up to a certain value, beyond which there was either a leveling off or a decrease of the enzymatic activities. The most powerful inducer, thiocellobiose, showed the highest activity at 0.5 mM. Cellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose, and xylan showed their highest activities at 1 mM and 1%, respectively. Surprisingly, sophorose did not enhance enzyme production. The enzymatic activities were monitored over a period of 24 h. Thiocelloboise elicited a response immediately after incubation, but with all other inducers there was a latency period before their effect could be measured. High-performance liquid chromatography showed no hydrolysis of thiocellobiose when incubated in the presence of S. commune extracellular enzymes. PMID- 6798028 TI - The thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation test: a review. PMID- 6798030 TI - The structures of genes hybridizing with tRNA4Val from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Segments of cloned Drosophila DNA from four recombinant plasmids that hybridize with tRNA4Val have been sequenced. The segments from pDt92R and pDt120R that hybridize to 90C on the third polytene chromosome appear to be either repeats or alleles. They contain one structural gene each of identical sequence but differ at eight sites in 506 base pairs. The structural genes differ at four sites from the sequence expected from that of tRNA4Val. A third plasmid, pDt14, which hybridizes to 89BC on the third chromosome, also contains a structural gene with the same sequence as those in pDt92R and pDt120R. In addition, pDt14 has a gene for tRNA2Phe 214 base pairs upstream and with the same polarity as the tRNA4Val gene. The tRNA2Phe gene contains a 23-base pair segment identical with the corresponding segment in the tRNA4Val genes except for one base pair. The fourth plasmid investigated, pDt55, hybridizes to 70BC. It contains two tRNA4Val genes 525 base pairs apart with opposite polarity. These genes have identical sequences, which corresponds to that expected from the sequence of tRNA4Val. There is no evidence that the first three tRNA4Val genes are expressed at any stage during the development of Drosophila. PMID- 6798029 TI - Characterization of envelope membrane polypeptides from spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 6798031 TI - The nucleotide sequence of tRNA4Val of Drosophila melanogaster. Chloroacetaldehyde modification as an aid to RNA sequencing. AB - The nucleotide sequence of tRNA4Val from Drosophila melanogaster was determined to be pGUUUmCCGUm1GGUG psi AGCGGDU(acp3U)AUCACA psi CUGCCmUIACAm5CGCAGAAGm7GCCCCCGGT psi CGm1AUCCCGGGCGGAAACACCA. It is probable that residue C 49 is modified to m5C. The use of tRNA modified with chloroacetaldehyde to overcome secondary structure problems in sequencing is described. PMID- 6798033 TI - Oxygenated intermediate and carbonyl species of cytochrome o (Vitreoscilla). Characterization by infrared spectroscopy. PMID- 6798032 TI - Lewis blood group fucolipids and their isomers from human and canine intestine. AB - Glycolipids containing fucose linked to N-acetylglucosamine were isolated and characterized from 14 individual human and 13 individual dog intestines. From 8 of the dog intestines, Lewis a isomer fucolipids were isolated, all identical and having the structure Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 3]GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc-ceramide. Lewis b isomer fucolipids were isolated from 12 of the intestines, all identical and having the structure Fuc(alpha 1 leads to 2)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)[Fuc alpha 1 leads to 3]GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc-ceramide. Lewis a-active glycolipids were isolated as the sole major fucolipid in 6 of the human intestines and differed from the canine isomer only in the position of the linkage of galactose to N acetylglucosamine, having the beta 1 leads to 3 (type 1) rather than the beta 1 leads to 4 (type 2) linkage. Lewis b-active fucolipids were isolated from 8 human intestines and differed from their canine isomer only in that they, too, had the type 1 rather than the type 2 oligosaccharide chain. Lewis a and b glycolipid isomers commonly co-existed in canine intestine as major fucolipids whereas Lewis a and b glycolipids did not so co-exist in human intestine. In all of the fucolipids, only hydroxylated fatty acids were present and phytosphingosine and sphingosine were the predominant long chain bases. These findings are of interest in the biosynthesis of these substances and in their genetic expression. PMID- 6798034 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of blood group A and H active glycosphingolipids of rat small intestine. AB - Blood group A and H active glycosphingolipids have been isolated from rat small intestine. By mass spectrometry of the permethylated and LiAlH4-reduced permethylated glycolipid derivatives, the A glycolipids were shown to contain four (A-4), six (A-6), and 12 (A-12) sugar residues, respectively. The anomeric structure of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids was established by proton NMR spectroscopy of the permethylated-reduced derivatives. Acid degradation and gas chromatography were used for analysis of binding positions. The structures of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids were GalNAcp alpha 1 leads to 3Galp(2 comes from 1Fucp alpha) beta 1 leads to Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer and GalNAcp alpha 1 leads to 3Galp(2 comes from 1Fucp alpha) beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAcp beta 1 leads to 4Galp beta 1 leads to 4Glcp beta 1 leads to 1Cer. The third glycolipid (A-12) was a branched dodecaglycosylceramide with two blood group A determinants. The complete structure of this glycolipid has not yet been solved. The blood group A activity was the same for the A-6 and A-12 glycolipids based on an equal number of blood group A determinants, but the activity of the A-4 compound was only about half of the others. The A-6 glycolipid was based on a type 1 (Gal beta 1 leads to 3GlcNAc) carbohydrate chain, thus differing from the already known isomer based on a type 2 chain (Gal beta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc) present in human erythrocyte. The blood group A activity of these two glycolipids was found to be identical. The three rat intestinal blood group A active glycolipids were exclusively located to the mucosa epithelial cells. The blood group H active tri- and pentaglycosylceramides (H-3 and H-5), presumed to be the precursors of the A-4 and A-6 glycolipids, were also identified. A 10-sugar glycolipid (H-10), a possible precursor of A-12, was not detected. PMID- 6798035 TI - Enrichment of histone H5-synthesizing polysomes by indirect immunoadsorption. Purification of H5 mRNA. AB - A method of purifying H5 mRNA from immature hen erythrocytes is described. Polysomes from red blood cells of anemic animals were allowed to react with affinity-chromatography-purified rabbit anti-H5 antibodies and immunoadsorbed to cellulose-insolubilized sheep and anti-rabbit antibodies. This method produced a 10- to 15-fold enrichment of the H5 mRNA, which was further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation, poly(U)-Sepharose chromatography, and size fractionation in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The H5 mRNA activity was essentially pure, as shown by translation in a reticulocyte cell-free system and immunoprecipitation with H5-antibodies. The proportion of H5 mRNA has been estimated to lie in the range 0.4-0.6% of all cellular mRNAs. These values are in agreement with the estimated relative synthesis of H5 in the immature erythrocyte. PMID- 6798036 TI - The primary translation product of rat intestinal apolipoprotein A-I mRNA is an unusual preproprotein. AB - We have characterized the NH2-terminal sequence of the primary translation product of intestinal apolipoprotein A-I mRNA. Co-translational cleavage of this in vitro product and NH2-terminal sequence analysis of plasma high density lipoprotein-associated apolipoprotein A-I showed that it is initially synthesized as a preproprotein. The 24-amino-acid NH2-terminal extension consists of an 18 amino-acid presegment; Met-Lys-Ala-Ala-Val-Leu-Ala-Val-Ala-Leu-Val-Phe-Leu-Thr Gly-Cys-Gln-Ala, and a hexapeptide prosegment; -X-Glu-Phe-X-Gln-Gln, followed by the NH2 terminus of the "mature" plasma protein: Asp-Glu-Pro-Gln-X-Gln-Trp-Asp Arg-Val-Lys-Asp-Phe-Ala-X-Val-Tyr-X-Asp-Ala-Val. Although the prepeptide resembles other signal peptides, the prosegment differs from other propeptides in that it does not terminate with paired basic amino acid residues. These results suggest that translocation of nascent preproapolipoprotein A-I is similar to that of other secretory proteins. However, post-translational proteolytic processing of proapolipoprotein A-I must be unique, and could play a role in the formation of nascent high density lipoprotein particles. PMID- 6798037 TI - Structural analysis of adult and larval isozymes of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Compositional analysis of the soluble tryptic peptides representing about 70% of the 293 residues of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster reveals a single peptide difference between the sn-glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase adult (GPDHF-1) and larval (GPDHF-3) isozymes. This peptide was shown to be the carboxyl terminus by sequence determination and by carboxypeptidase A digestion of the native protein. For GPDHF-1, the sequence of the COOH-terminal tryptic peptide is Asn-His-Pro-Glu-His-Met-Gln-Asn-Leu-COOH, while that of GPDHF-3 is Asn-His-Pro-Glu-His-Met-COOH. PMID- 6798038 TI - Collaborative calibration of three established reference preparations for specific proteins in human sera as secondary standards for IgA, IgM, and IgG. PMID- 6798039 TI - Comparison of Brucella abortus (strain 544) variants. PMID- 6798040 TI - Evaluation of candidate international reference reagents and a microimmunodiffusion test for the identification of precipitins to the H and M antigens of histoplasmin. PMID- 6798041 TI - Studies on Escherichia coli vaccines: development of an agar-gel immunodiffusion method for the identification of antigens in E. coli vaccines. PMID- 6798042 TI - Spinal disorders of dwarfism. Review of the literature and report of eighty cases. PMID- 6798043 TI - Electron microscopy and ultramicrotomy. PMID- 6798044 TI - Post-transcriptional control of protein synthesis in Balb/c-3T3 cells by platelet derived growth factor and platelet-poor plasma. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and platelet-poor plasma, which lacks PDGF, both induce a rapid increase in the rate of total protein synthesis within quiescent, density-arrested Balb/c-3T3 cells. This stimulation of protein synthesis is associated with an increased aggregation of ribosomes into polyribosomes. Nuclear functions are not required for this response, as demonstrated by the observation that this stimulation of protein synthesis occurs in cells pretreated with actinomycin D and in enucleated cells (cytoplasts). The response to PDGF persists even after PDGF has been removed from the culture medium, but in contrast, when plasma is removed from the medium, polysomes disaggregate and protein synthesis declines. PDGF and plasma do not function synergistically to increase protein synthesis, whereas they do to induce optimum DNA synthesis. Thus stimulation of the translational apparatus may be necessary for the mitogenic response of Balb/c-3T3 cells to growth factors, but it is not by itself sufficient. PMID- 6798045 TI - Intracellular distribution of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in rat hepatocytes studied by direct ferritin-immunoelectron microscopy. AB - NADPH-cytochrome c reductase was purified from rat liver microsomes and the monospecific antibodies to the reductase were prepared from the antiserum by affinity chromatography using immunoadsorbent gel. Ferritin was coupled to the specific antibodies and the approximately equimolar conjugates were isolated by gel filtration. By direct ferritin-immunoelectron microscopy, using these conjugates, it was revealed that the ferritin particles are localized exclusively on the microsomal vesicles and the outer nuclear envelope. In contrast, binding of ferritin particles to Golgi membranes, outer mitochondrial membranes and plasma membranes was slight and at control level. On each microsomal vesicle, the ferritin particles were distributed heterogeneously, sometimes forming clusters. An assay of the binding of equimolar conjugates with microsomes showed that microsomes bind approximately 1 mol of antibody per mol of reductase. From these data the maximum number of ferritin particles that can bind with microsomes was calculated. This number is in agreement with the average number of ferritin particles bound per microsome, as determined experimentally by observing a number of cross-sectional profiles of microsomal vesicles previously incubated with the conjugates at saturation level. This showed that the distribution of the reductase could be analysed semi-quantitatively by the present ferritin immunoelectron-microscopical analyses. It was also shown that smooth microsomes can bind more conjugates than rough microsomes. The average number of ferritin particles on each microsomal vesicle increased in proportion to the increase in the amount of reductase in the microsomes after treatment with phenobarbital. Finally, the non-random distribution of ferritin particles on microsomal vesicles was confirmed by statistical analysis of electron micrographs of a number of the labelled microsomes. PMID- 6798046 TI - Contraction and organization of collagen gels by cells cultured from periodontal ligament, gingiva and bone suggest functional differences between cell types. AB - Monkey periodontal ligament fibroblasts (MPLF cells), human gingival fibroblasts (HGF cells), rat embryonic calvaria cells (REC cells), porcine periodontal ligament epithelial cells (PPLE cells) and rat osteosarcoma 17/2 cells (ROS cells) were incorporated into 3-dimensional collagen gels plated in 60 mm Petri dishes in order: first, to measure the capacity of these cell types to contract; second, to investigate cell-collagen and intercellular relationships during contraction; and third, to define the cellular contribution to tissue contraction in an in vitro system. Measurements at times up to 72 h on 3 ml gels containing 5 x 10(5) cells and with a collagen concentration of 1.20 mg/ml showed that MPLF cells contracted the gels at a significantly greater rate (P less than 0.001) than did the other cell types. In addition, contraction started sooner and was of greater extent than with the other cells. HGF cells contracted the gels more rapidly than REC and PPLE cells, while ROS cells caused no contraction. Several stages of gel compaction could be defined: (1) the attachment of cells to collagen; (2) cellular spreading within the collagen fibre matrix; (3) organization and alignment of collagen fibres by cell processes; (4) cell migration; (5) establishment of intercellular contacts; and (6) the development of a cellular reticular arrangement within the gel and the extension of this arrangement into a 3-dimensional, tissue-like, honeycomb network. Electron microscopic observations on 0.1 ml gels containing MPLF cells showed that, in the early contractile phase, numerous cell processes attached to or enclosed collagen fibrils. These processes contained microfilamentous material and few organelles. In compacted gels, the cells contained an increased amount of distended rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes. Since MPLF cells have the capacity for vigorous contraction of the collagen gels and since they develop a reticular, 3 dimensional structure in compacted gels that is reminiscent of the relationship of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to collagen fibres in vivo, it is suggested that they could provide the major force necessary for tooth eruption in vivo. This system also provides a well-defined in vitro model to study the sequential stages that occur during contraction processes. PMID- 6798048 TI - Ciliary specializations in mating cells of the ciliate Euplotes crassus. AB - In the ciliate Euplotes crassus, mixed cells of different compatible mating types pass through an induction period before agglutinating with each other by means of cilia in the mating reaction. We examined the ciliary membranes of cells involved in the mating reaction by the freeze-fracture technique and detected at least 5 distinct types of specialization, each indicated by a special congregation of intramembrane particles. Near to the necklace, at the ciliary base, we observed a set of several parallel transverse rows of 10-15 nm particles; a longitudinal row of 12 nm particles appeared more distally from the necklace, preferentially in replicas of intermediate regions of the ciliary shaft. These 3 specializations were common to both mating and vegetative cells. The other 2 appeared as more dynamic specializations found exclusively at least in their patterned organization, in the ciliary membranes of mating cells. Taking on the aspects of rosette-like arrays and patches, respectively, the former were positioned regularly on ciliary membrane bulges (containing an electron-opaque granule) and consisted of 8-9 nm particles; the latter had an elliptic shape and contained up to 50 closely packed 9-10 nm particles. PMID- 6798047 TI - Calcium-dependent shortening of fibroblasts induced by the ionophore, A23187. AB - Attached, spread, chick heart fibroblasts were induced to shorten by treatment with the ionophore, A23187. The shortening resulted from the retraction of the leading lamellae and other major cell processes. The response was dependent on external calcium with a threshold close to, and a maximal effect at, physiological concentrations. The shortening was also induced in Colcemid-treated cells and therefore did not involve a depolymerization of microtubules. Indirect evidence indicates that the shortening was preceded by an increase in tension in the spread cell. The response is consistent with the effect of an increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of free calcium on a calcium-sensitive actomyosin system in the spread fibroblast. Although the retraction of non-spreading processes mimicked the intermittent retraction of similar trailing processes during normal movement of fibroblasts, the response to the ionophore differed in that the leading lamellae were also induced to retract. This difference implies that a general increase in the cytoplasmic concentration of free calcium alone cannot account for the intermittent shortening that occurs in normal movement. PMID- 6798049 TI - [Pre-operative preparation of the colon: a controlled prospective multicentre study in 215 patients (author's transl)]. AB - Three procedures for pre-operative preparation of the colon were compared during a controlled multicentre study in 215 patients. Though mechanical irrigation with a 10 p. cent mannitol solution is definitely superior as far as the degree of intestinal emptying obtained, no significant difference was noted in the frequency or severity os postoperative infections after conventional preparations by digestive tract irrigation with or without intestinal antibiotics. This method is limited by its tolerance (67 p. cent), its advantages are its rapidity and cost, elective indications being ascending colon lesions with little or no stenosis in young subjects. In other circumstances it has to be compared with the conventional methods of preparation, which should still be employed before operation in subjects who are elderly and/or have moderate to severe stenosis. The addition of antibiotics (neomycin, metronidazole by mouth) reduces the incidence of postoperative sepsis to a marked but non-significant degree, independently of the lesion (cancer, sigmoiditis) and its site. A recent study by F. Lazorthes has led him to prefer an association of antibiotics active against aerobic and anaerobic flora: orally preoperatively, and systemically during surgery. PMID- 6798050 TI - Isolation of hormonal proteins and antibodies by affinity chromatography. AB - The versatile technique of biospecific affinity chromatography has found application in the purification as well as isolation of many hormones and their antibodies. Hormones can be effectively concentrated from very dilute solutions such as urine or other fluids including culture media. The technique may be expected to have a big impact in the isolation of hormone receptors. Its limitations are not unique to the above macromolecules but extend to the general method itself, the most important being the development of stable immobilized ligands and efficient but still mild solvent systems for elution. The use of dilute ammonia solutions at low temperatures has been quite successful for displacing either the hormone or the antibody. PMID- 6798051 TI - Analysis of the oxocarboxylic acid fraction in serum and urine as O-methyloximes by thermionic specific detection. AB - After O-methyloximation of the carbonyl functions, the organic acids in serum and urine are extracted by anion-exchange chromatography, transformed into the methyl esters and pre-fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. In one of the four fractions and on the basis of the nitrogen in the O-methyloxime esters, the profiles of the oxocarboxylic acids are analyzed by gas chromatography with thermionic specific detection. The method has good specificity for the oxocarboxylic acids and is suitable for comparative studies. During diabetic or fasting ketoacidosis the serum concentrations of 3-oxobutyric acid and of the amino acid metabolites 2-oxobutyric, 2-oxoisovaleric and especially 2-oxo-3 methylvaleric and 2-oxoisocaproic acid are increased. In urine mainly 3 oxobutyric acid and only small amounts of the 2-oxocarboxylic acids are excreted. PMID- 6798052 TI - Rapid determination of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6798053 TI - Assay method for aflatoxin in milk. PMID- 6798054 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of N,N dimethylcolchiceinamide and its metabolites, N-methylcolchiceinamide and colchiceinamide, in microbial culture. PMID- 6798056 TI - Valproic acid and several metabolites: quantitative determination in serum, urine, breast milk and tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. AB - A method has been developed for the simultaneous quantitative determination of valproic acid (2-propylpentanoic acid) and its metabolites 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid (trans), 2-propyl-3-pentenoic acid (trans), 2-propyl-4-pentenoic acid, 3 hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid, 4-hydroxy-2-propylpentanoic acid, 5-hydroxy-2 propylpentanoic acid, 3-oxo-2-propyl-pentanoic acid, and and 2-propylglutaric acid. All compounds were extracted at pH 5.0 with ethyl acetate. The concentrated extracts were trimethylsilylated and the resulting mixtures analyzed by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer system operated in the selected ion monitoring mode. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the concentration ranges studied (0.1-20 microgram/ml for metabolites, 0.1-150 microgram/ml for valproic acid. The recoveries of the drugs were between 92 and 97%. The relative standard deviations were between 3.9 and 8.1% (analysis of multiple 10-microliter samples of patient urine). The lower detection limits were found to be between 2.8 and 18 ng/ml using 200-microliter serum samples. The derivatized extracts were stable for at least one week. Applications of the method described include studies of placental transfer for valproic acid and metabolites in the human, the elimination of these substances by the neonate, their transfer via mother's milk, and their levels in mouse brain. PMID- 6798055 TI - Estimation of sugar alcohols by gas-liquid chromatography using a modified acetylation procedure. PMID- 6798057 TI - Transient rise in luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone secretion during puberty studied in 113 healthy girls with tall stature. AB - To establish normal values for the LRH test in females around the age of puberty, we had the opportunity to study 113 health girls with tall stature. Plasma LH and FSH levels were determined before and after a bolus injection of LRH (25 microgram/m2). Hormone results could not be correlated with chronological age, bone age, height, weight, or public hair stages. However hormone results showed significant differences when grouped according to breast development and menarche. There was a continuous rise of gonadotropin levels, particularly of basal and peak LH values, in parallel with breast maturation, and a remarkable fall in girls after menarche when tested during the first half of the menstrual cycle. It appears that a transient rise in gonadotropin secretion is essential for the maturation of ovarian function, which, in turn, switches pituitary gonadal regulation from the pubertal tonic to the adult cyclic type. PMID- 6798058 TI - Development of a vaginal ring for achieving physiologic levels of 17 beta estradiol in hypoestrogenic women. AB - The ability of polysiloxane vaginal rings containing 17 beta-Estradiol (E2) to deliver E2 into the systemic circulation at a steady rate over long periods of time was evaluated in castrate and postmenopausal volunteers. Standard laminar designs, used to release contraceptive gestagens, deliver low levels of E2 (about 50 pg/ml) and only for 1 month. With a modified design, E2 levels of 109 to 159 pg/ml were maintained for at least 3 months, and circulating gonadotropins were suppressed to values approaching the premenopausal range. This homogeneous design provides for physiologic replacement of E2 as well as a practical research tool for studying chronic effects of E2 in human subjects. PMID- 6798059 TI - Evidence for mild thyroidal impairment in women undergoing endurance training. AB - The effects of endurance training on body composition and the pituitary-thyroid axis were studied in 29 healthy, young (mean age, 28.7 yr), regularly menstruating women. Women who were initially jogging a mean of 13.5 miles/week were selected for this study to minimize dropouts. Body composition, measured by hydrostatic weighing, and nonfasting plasma concentrations of T4, T3, rT3, TSH, and TRH-stimulated TSH, measured by RIA, were examined initially and after each subject's weekly mileage had increased to 30 miles ( delta 30) for at least 2 consecutive weeks. Two subjects were found to have compensated primary hypothyroidism and were not included in the subsequent data analysis. At delta 30, mean body weight did not change, mean fat weight decreased (- 1.02 kg; P less than 0.005), and mean lean weight increased (+0.75 kg; P less than 0.05). T4 and unstimulated TSH did not change. However, mean (+/-SE) T3 decreased from 107.2 +/ 4.4 to 97.9 +/- 3.4 ng/dl (P less than 0.025), and mean rT3 decreased from 170.9 +/- 13.9 to 154.6 +/- 13.2 pg/ml (P less than 0.025). The decreases in T3 and rT3 were accompanied by significantly greater TSH responses to TRH stimulation [mean (+/-SE) area under TSH curve, 1381.4 +/- 123 vs. 1712.8 +/- 202 micron IU/ml.min; P less than 0.01]. These results indicate that physically active women who undergo additional endurance training 1) become more lean without a change in total weight, and 2) have changes in T3, rT3, and TRH-stimulated TSH indicative of mild thyroidal impairment. PMID- 6798060 TI - Familial hyperthyroidism due to inappropriate thyrotropin secretion successfully treated with triiodothyronine. AB - A family of three generations is described in which six females had hyperthyroidism secondary to chronic overstimulation of the thyroid by pituitary TSH. In the untreated state, their basal levels of T4 ranged between 14-22 microgram/dl, T3 levels ranged from 205-300 ng/dl, T3 resin uptake ranged from 43 61%, TSH ranged from 5-26 microU/ml, and PRL ranged from 33-75 ng/ml. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was elevated in all patients (+32 to +100%). There was no evidence of pituitary tumor, In spite of elevated circulating thyroid hormones, TRH stimulated TSH and PRL to 25-57 microU/ml and 120-300 ng/ml, respectively. Serum TSH could be suppressed to normal after 1 week of T3 administration (25 microgram three times per day). Concomitantly, serum T3 and T4 levels fell, and the TSH response to TRH became normal. In contrast, T4 (200 microgram/day) administered for 1 and 4 weeks, respectively, to two patients did not suppress the pituitary-thyroidal axis. A long term therapeutic trial was performed in three patients with T3 and a single morning dose of 25-50 microgram. TSH gradually returned to normal, as did thyroid hormone levels and the BMR. The clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism regressed, and complete remission was achieved after 2-3 months of T3 therapy, which persists to data as long as medication is continued. The inappropriate TSH secretion of our patients appears to be due to partial unresponsiveness of the thyrotroph to thyroid hormone. It is suggested that either the pituitary T4 monodeiodinase is deficient in our patients, resulting in low intracellular T3 levels, or the thyrotroph has reduced sensitivity to T3 and therefore can shut off TSH only when serum T3 is raised to high levels, albeit intermittently. PMID- 6798061 TI - Pituitary-thyroid feedback regulation in patients with Graves' disease during antithyroid drug therapy. AB - In an attempt to study the mode of normalization of thyroid function in patients with Graves' disease, a study was made on 140 patients with Graves' disease who were eumetabolic after appropriate therapy with antithyroid drugs for more than 9 months. T3 administration failed to suppress thyroidal radioiodine uptake and serum T4 in patients with TRH-unresponsive TSH secretion. In addition, exogenous TSH failed to elevate serum levels of T4 and T3. In patients with TRH-responsive pituitaries, T3 administration uniformly made serum TSH undetectable but produced various effects (unsuppressible, partially suppressible, and suppressible) on radioiodine uptake and serum T4. The magnitude of suppression of radioiodine uptake paralleled that of serum T4. In patients with unsuppressible or partially suppressible thyroids, exogenous and endogenous TSH were less effective in elevating serum T4 and T3. In patients with suppressible thyroids, T3 administration depressed radioiodine uptake and serum T4; the magnitudes of depression were comparable to those found in normal subjects. Exogenous and endogenous TSH elevated serum T4 and T3 in patients with suppressible thyroids. Here again, the magnitudes of elevation were comparable to those found in the normal subjects. The serum T3 to T4 ratio was high before treatment, but decreased significantly during antithyroid drug therapy. The magnitude of decrease was roughly proportional to the degree of T3 suppressibility. PMID- 6798062 TI - The prognostic and biological significance of cellular heterogeneity in medullary thyroid carcinoma: a study of calcitonin, L-dopa decarboxylase, and histaminase. AB - We evaluated the cellular distribution of calcitonin (CT), L-dopa decarboxylase (DDC), and histaminase [diamine oxidase (DAO)] in 33 patients with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). CT immunostaining was uniform (greater than 90% of the cells) and intense (4+) in lesions from 7 patients with C-cell hyperplasia and 6 with microscopic MTC: conversely, patchy CT staining (less than 40% of the cells) and diminished intensity (1+) were found in metastases from 8 patients who died of virulent disease. In 17 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for macroscopic cervical MTC with no evidence distant metastases, CT staining was intense (3-4+) and homogeneous (greater than 90%) in 11 subjects who were well 0.5-16 yr postoperatively. Six patients with similar clinical presentations had heterogeneous staining for CT in primary tumor (less than 40% of the cells; 1-2+ intensity); 5 died of disseminated MTC 0.5-5 yr postoperatively (P less than 0.001). Biochemical studies of distant metastases revealed an inverse relationship between the distribution of CT and that of both relationship between the distribution of CT and that of both DDC (r = 0.71; P less than 0.01) and DAO (r = 0.81; P less than 0.001). We conclude that cellular heterogeneity in MTC tissue is associated with a distinct biochemical pattern, and its presence, whether in a primary or metastatic lesion, indicates a virulent neoplasm associated with a grave prognosis. PMID- 6798063 TI - Maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis in adolescent girls. AB - The first menstrual cycles after menarche are irregular and anovulatory. To determine whether these cycles reflect immature pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in relationship to ovarian steroid secretion, we measured basal plasma estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and gonadotropins as well as LH and FSH responses to GnRH in 90 healthy girls during the first 5 yr after menarche. During the first year postmenarche, sex steroids, basal gonadotropins, and responses to GnRH had not yet reached adult values. During the second year, the increase in E2 was accompanied by a higher secretion of gonadotropins, both basally and in response to GnRH, which was similar to that observed in control adult women during both phases of the menstrual cycle, although P remained low. From the third to the fifth postmenarchal years, there was a progressive increase in the luteal LH and FSH responses to GnRH, resulting in significantly higher responses than in adult controls. Despite the progressive increase in sex steroids there was still a low percentage of ovulatory cycles over the 5 postmenarchal yr (0-63%). When the data were classified according to luteal P levels, it was found that anovulatory cycles (P less than 0.9 ng/ml) with normal E2 levels (100 pg/ml) resulted in exaggerated responses to GnRH, while in ovulatory cycles with P levels greater than 10 ng/ml and normal E2 concentrations, a lower response was observed, suggesting that high concentrations of P exerted a negative feedback on LH and FSH secretion. In contrast, the association of lower E2 (less than 100 ng/ml) and P (less than 5 ng/ml) levels resulted in a synergistic positive action on gonadotropin secretion. These data extend to endogenous sex steroids the dose-dependent positive and negative actions on gonadotropin secretion previously demonstrated with exogenously administered steroids in women. PMID- 6798064 TI - Cell culture studies on patients with extreme insulin resistance. II. Abnormal biological responses in cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6798065 TI - Pattern of recovery of thyroid hormone indices associated with treatment of diabetes mellitus. AB - The effects of diabetes mellitus on serum thyroid hormone parameters were studied in 54 patients divided into 4 groups. Treated asymptomatic patients (group I) had normal thyroid values which did not correlate with serum or urinary glucose. Untreated nonketoacidotic patients (group II) showed a mild persistent depression in T3 and an elevation in rT3. Patients with ketoacidosis with a brief history of symptoms (group III) had a moderate T3 decrease and a mild rT3 elevation which quickly resolved with treatment. Ketoacidotic patients with a long history of symptoms (group IV) had marked depression of T3 and elevation of rT3 which was only partially rectified by treatment. Serum T4 was generally normal, except for a minimal decrease on the day after admission, probably resulting from rehydration and a subsequent increase associated with an increase in TSH. We concluded that thyroid hormone parameters were not influenced by variations in serum glucose, but seemed to reflect the effects of a preexisting catabolic state, ketoacidosis, or both. PMID- 6798066 TI - A comparative study of the estrogenic effects of tamoxifen and 17 beta-estradiol in postmenopausal women. AB - The effects of tamoxifen and 17 beta-estradiol on the levels of FSH, PRL, and pregnancy zone protein were compared in two groups of postmenopausal women. Seventeen women with breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen (20 mg, twice a day). Fourteen women with climacteric complaints were given 17 beta-estradiol (2 mg, daily). A close parallelism between the effects of 17 beta-estradiol and the antiestrogen was obtained in all three markers studied. The percent decreases in FSH after 1 month were 29 and 44 and, after 3 months, 26 and 34 in the tamoxifen and estradiol groups, respectively. The decreases in PRL after 1 and 3 months of treatment with tamoxifen were 36% and 71%, and 19% and 31% after treatment with estradiol. Both treatments increased PZP serum levels, tamoxifen by 32% and 44% and estradiol by 55% and 70% after 1 and 3 months. Thus, tamoxifen was found to exert weak estrogenic effects in postmenopausal women. PMID- 6798069 TI - [Influence of intestinal flora upon the growth of Pseudomonas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798068 TI - Sodium elevates the plasma glucose response to glucose ingestion in man. PMID- 6798067 TI - Measurement of plasma renin activity by a simple solid phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid phase RIA in which an antibody adsorbed onto polystyrene balls was developed to determine PRA. Complete inhibition of converting enzyme and angiotensinase during enzymatic reaction was achieved by phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride and EDTA combination. Pepstatin A was found to be an effective agent to block angiotensin I generation during the RIA, and the sample can be directly incubated at room temperature for RIA without any special treatment to inhibit renin activity. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation (CV) were 5.5 6.9% and 3.7-8.2%, respectively. The recovery was 91.9-117% of added angiotensin I. The assay is sufficiently sensitive and reliable for routine use and correlates acceptably (r = 0.996) with an established RIA. The antibody-adsorbed balls were compared to the soluble antibody with respect to thermodynamic parameters. It was found that the apparent equilibrium constant of the antibody adsorbed ball was reduced to approximately 1/2 sec of soluble antibody, which was predominately due to the decrease in unitary entropy change by adsorption. PMID- 6798071 TI - Effects of frequency, tidal volume, and lung volume on CO2 elimination in dogs by high frequency (2-30 Hz), low tidal volume ventilation. AB - Recent studies have shown that effective pulmonary ventilation is possible with tidal volumes (VT) less than the anatomic dead-space if the oscillatory frequency (f) is sufficiently large. We systematically studied the effect on pulmonary CO2 elimination (VCO2) of varying f (2-30 Hz) and VT (1-7 ml/kg) as well as lung volume (VL) in 13 anesthetized, paralyzed dogs in order to examine the contribution of those variables that are thought to be important in determining gas exchange by high frequency ventilation. All experiments were performed when the alveolar PCO2 was 40 +/- 1.5 mm Hg. In all studies, VCO2 increased monotonically with f at constant VT. We quantitated the effects of f and VT on VCO2 by using the dimensionless equation VCO2/VOSC = a(VT/VTo)b(f/fo)c where: VOSC = f X VT, VTo = mean VT, fo = mean f and a, b, c, are constants obtained by multiple regression. The mean values of a, b, and c for all dogs were 2.12 X 10( 3), 0.49, and 0.08, respectively. The most important variable in determining VCO2 was VOSC; however, there was considerable variability among dogs in the independent effect of VT and f on VCO2, with a doubling of VT at a constant VOSC causing changes in VCO2 ranging from -13 to +110% (mean = +35%). Increasing VL from functional residual capacity (FRC) to the lung volume at an airway opening minus body surface pressure of 25 cm H2O had no significant effect on VCO2. PMID- 6798070 TI - Role of salivary protease activity in adherence of gram-negative bacilli to mammalian buccal epithelial cells in vivo. AB - Serious illness is accompanied by markedly increased susceptibility to colonization of the respiratory tract by gram-negative bacilli and an increase in the number of such organisms which adhere to regional epithelial cells during incubation in vitro. Trypsinization of cells from normal subjects causes a similar increase in bacillary adherence. We studied bacillary adherence to buccal cells in vitro, protease activity of upper respiratory secretions with a fibrin plate technique, and the amount of fibronectin on the surface of buccal cells with a direct radioimmunobinding assay. Among 10 patients seriously ill with acute respiratory failure bacillary adherence to buccal cells and protease activity in secretions were increased compared with controls and cell-surface fibronectin was decreased; all patients were colonized in vivo with gram-negative bacilli. These changes were persistent and 80% of the patients died. Serial determinations were made in eight patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. Following surgery, protease activity and bacillary adherence increased and cell-surface fibronectin decreased; 38% of coronary artery bypass patients became colonized. In these uncomplicated patients the changes observed were transient, largely returning to normal by the third postoperative day. Increased protease activity of secretions and alterations in epithelial cell surfaces as reflected by loss of buccal cell-surface fibronectin occur swiftly after major illness and appear to underlie enhanced cell adherence of bacilli and colonization of the upper respiratory tract. These findings suggest new approaches to the prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. PMID- 6798074 TI - Attenuation of ultrasound in air. PMID- 6798072 TI - Mutant holocarboxylase synthetase: evidence for the enzyme defect in early infantile biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency is an inherited disorder of organic acid metabolism in man in which there are deficiencies of propionyl coenzyme A (CoA), 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA, and pyruvate carboxylases that can be corrected with large doses of biotin. It has been proposed that the basic defect in patients with the early infantile form of the disease is in holocarboxylase synthetase, the enzyme that covalently attaches biotin to the inactive apocarboxylases to form active holocarboxylases. We have developed an assay for holocarboxylase synthetase in extracts of human fibroblasts using as substrate apopropionyl-CoA carboxylase partially purified from livers of biotin-deficient rats. Fibroblasts from the initial patient with the infantile form of biotin responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency were shown to have abnormal holocarboxylase synthetase activity with a maximum velocity about 30-40% of normal, a Km for ATP of 0.3 mM similar to the normal Km of 0.2 mM, and a highly elevated Km for biotin of 126 ng/ml, about 60 times the normal Km of 2 ng/ml. These results show that the primary defect in this patient is a mutation affecting holocarboxylase synthetase activity, and thus a genetic defect of the metabolism of biotin. PMID- 6798073 TI - Effect of biliary diversion on rat mesenteric lymph apolipoprotein-I and high density lipoprotein. AB - The effect of biliary diversion on intestinal apolipoprotein (apoA)-I and high density lipoprotein formation was studied in mesenteric lymph fistula rats. Bile diversion was produced by an exteriorized catheter that allowed interruption and reconstitution of the enterohepatic circulation. Bile diversion reduced lymph cholesterol output from 0.47+/-0.05 mumol/h to 0.17+/-0.03 mumol/h (P < 0.025), and lymph triglyceride output from 3.6+/-0.3mumol/h to 0.6+/-0.05 mumol/h (P < 0.025) after 24 h. This was due to depletion of lymph chylomicrons and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). Despite the reduced lipid outputs, lymph apoA-I output was maintained during biliary diversion (basal: 119+/-15 mug/h; diverted 140+/-20 mug/h, n = 12). During biliary diversion, high density lipoprotein (HDL) were maintained in mesenteric lymph as shown by lipoprotein and immunoelectrophoresis. Bile diversion altered the lipid composition of lymph HDL. Bile-diverted lymph HDL was depleted in total cholesterol and has a greater phospholipid/cholesterol ester ratio than basal lymph HDL. Lymph HDL contained discoidal particles when examined by negative stain electron microscopy. Bile diversion was associated with a reduction in the size of discoidal HDL particles (basal, nondiverted, 165+/-7A (n = 112) compared with diverted 126+/-5A (n = 98, P < 0.025). Experiments were then carried out to determine the source of the apoA I and HDL found in lymph from bile-diverted animals. The transfer of HDL from plasma into lymph was determined by the intravenous infusion of (125)I-apoA-I labeled HDL into lymph fistula rats. In both nonbile-diverted and diverted rats, the specific activity of apoA-I in the HDL fraction of lymph was 23% of the specific activity of apoA-I in plasma HDL, indicating that the major portion (75%) of mesenteric lymph apoA-I did not come from plasma filtration. In other experiments the intraduodenal infusion of [(3)H]leucine to bile fistula, lymph fistula rats resulted in relative fivefold increase in the specific activity in apoA-I in lymph HDL when compared with the specific activity of apoA-I in plasma HDL from the same animal. We conclude that intestinal apoA-I secretion is maintained during biliary diversion and that synthesis of this apoprotein occurs in the absence of chylomicron formation. We also conclude that discoidal HDL are present in mesenteric lymph despite reduced triglyceride absorption and secretion into lymph. PMID- 6798075 TI - Intrauterine membranes: sonographic findings and clinical significance. AB - We have identified six cases of chorioamniotic separation, three diagnosed in the third trimester and three cases seen in early pregnancy, at or prior to 16 wk' gestation. The sonographic findings consist of a fine mobile echodense line separated from the chorion and uterine wall by a lucent space. The membrane may completely surround the fetus and may extend over the fetal surface of the placenta, in which case the chorion may be identified as a separate echo. Two patients with chorioamniotic separation in the third trimester had polyhydramnios. The infants had no manifestations of amniotic band syndrome. The membranes seen in four other conditions are described and compared with chorioamniotic separation. PMID- 6798076 TI - Pitfalls in ultrasonic determination of total intrauterine volume. PMID- 6798077 TI - Real-time identification of blood flow in the placenta and umbilical cord. PMID- 6798078 TI - Evaluating Doppler devices using a moving string test target. AB - Two moving string test targets have been developed and used to characterize ultrasound Doppler instrumentation. The characteristics investigated were sample volume size and location in space, amplitude sensitivity to Doppler shift, and resolution of Doppler direction. The tests were performed on a combined echo/Doppler instrument and on an annular array system. The procedures can be carried out routinely in the clinical laboratory to ensure that the instrument is working properly or as an aid for correct interpretation of acquired data. PMID- 6798079 TI - Feasibility of detailed M-mode echocardiographic examination in markedly obese adults: prospective study of 50 patients. PMID- 6798080 TI - The ultrasonic appearance of the liver in hepatic venous outflow obstruction (Budd-Chiari syndrome). PMID- 6798081 TI - The prominent falx cerebri: new ultrasonic observation in hypophosphatasia. PMID- 6798082 TI - Diagnosis of a large left atrial myxoma: the role of two-dimensional echocardiography. PMID- 6798083 TI - The use of ultrasound in the detection of intrauterine growth retardation: a review. PMID- 6798084 TI - Estimating hospital costs by diagnosis for population-based analysis. AB - Knowledge of cost or charge for a discharge with a specified diagnosis to a given hospital is a prerequisite for population-based analysis of acute hospital utilization. As this information is not usually available directly for all discharges of residents of a geographical area, estimates are required. We compared alternative estimates derived from the data being assembled in many states--from hospital discharge data systems and routine cost and statistical reports. The independent variables were the name of the hospital, its total inpatient costs, and the diagnosis and length of stay for each discharge. We verified our estimates with data from Maine, for which charges were also available for many discharges. The estimate that used all three of the variables from the discharge data bank was most accurate. It explained 77.3 percent of the variability in hospital average charges per case for eight representative diagnoses. A simpler estimate, not requiring knowledge of diagnosis, proved almost as accurate. This estimate, defined as the product of cost per day for a hospital times length of stay for a case, explained 76.1 percent of the variability in individual charges per case, and 91.9 percent of the variability in average cost per case. Thus, per capita expenditures on hospital care for any diagnosis, and for inpatient care in total, can be estimated reliably by combining information from discharge data banks with routinely reported hospital per diem costs. PMID- 6798085 TI - The consequences of infection of cattle with Akabane virus at the time of insemination. PMID- 6798086 TI - Cerebral prostaglandin biosynthesis and angiotensin-induced drinking in rats. AB - Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppressed drinking induced by angiotensin II (A II) when both were injected into the cerebral ventricles of the rat. This antidipsogenic effect of PGE2 was correlated with its known pyrexic actions. Intracerebroventricular injection of arachidonic acid (AA), the precursor of PGE2, also suppressed A II-induced drinking. This antidipsogenic effect of AA was similarly correlated with pyrexia and was dependent upon the conversion of the precursor to a prostaglandin within the brain. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that newly synthesized cerebral PGEs, in response to elevated A II levels, contribute to the cessation of drinking by opposing the dipsogenic action of A II. However, blockade of cerebral prostaglandin biosynthesis by central injection of indomethacin did not enhance drinking elicited by A II even at doses that completely eliminated the antidipsogenic and pyrexic actions of AA. Collectively, the results suggest that exogenous PGEs or AA may inhibit A II induced drinking by elevating body temperature or some other pharmacological action and that endogenously synthesized PGEs of cerebral origin do not play an important role in the normal termination of drinking induced by centrally administered A II. PMID- 6798087 TI - Absorption of aflatoxin by lettuce seedlings grown in soil adulterated with aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6798091 TI - An evaluation of the fungicidal activity of disinfectants commonly used in clinical practice. PMID- 6798088 TI - Long-term ticarcillin desensitization by the continuous oral administration of penicillin. PMID- 6798089 TI - Innovations in nutrition education. AB - A new instructional strategy was developed and tested which relates nutrition concepts to human experience and addresses cost-effectiveness in a university level basic nutrition course. A Multi-Mode Instructional Strategy was compared with lecture/laboratory methods. The new strategy involved lecture, independent study, and interactive study groups in which students experienced practical applications of abstract nutrition concepts. The over-all success of the Multi Mode Instructional Strategy indicates that it may be an effective, efficient mode of instruction for other nutrition courses at the university level. PMID- 6798090 TI - The routine eye examination for the asymptomatic patient age 25-35. PMID- 6798092 TI - Traumatic aneurysm of the dorsalis pedis artery. A review of the literature and case report. PMID- 6798093 TI - Reduced active thyroid hormone levels after delivery. AB - The effect of delivery on the serum concentration of thyroid hormones was studied in 25 euthyroid women. After delivery serum free and total T3 and T4 fell transiently with a simultaneous increase in reverse T3 while serum TSH and thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentrations showed no significant variation. These data suggest that i) similar to what happens in other stressful situations, delivery influences peripheral T4 metabolism, and ii) an elevation of TBG in serum in the early puerperium does not prevent these changes. PMID- 6798095 TI - Prevalence of hypothyroidism in the elderly in Germany. A pilot study. AB - In 2579 senior German citizens studied in nursing homes and in- and outpatient clinics overt hypothyroidism was found in only 1%. This figure is clearly lower than that reported for Great Britain, New Zealand and North America (2-3%). Subclinical primary hypothyroidism on the other hand was detected in almost 4% on the basis of an exaggerated TSH response to TRH. Measurement of the basal TSH levels did not significantly increase the diagnostic sensitivity for hypothyroidism, since among the 768 subjects screened by primary TRH test only 16 of the 29 cases classified as subclinical hypothyroidism had a slightly elevated basal TSH. Basal TSH was elevated in only 2.4% of the cases. Again this figure is lower than that found in other countries (6-14%). In view of the low prevalence of subjects with overt hypothyroidism who would benefit from subsequent treatment, a large scale screening program can be recommended only with reserve for the federal republic of Germany. PMID- 6798094 TI - Enlargement of the sella turcica in some patients with long standing untreated endemic cretinism, Serum TSH, alpha, TSH-beta, and prolactin responses to TRH. PMID- 6798096 TI - Relative ineffectiveness of exogenous triiodothyronine as a thyroid suppressive agent. PMID- 6798097 TI - Effects of LHRH and long-acting LHRH on serum LH and FSH levels of healthy women. AB - A comparison was made between the stimulatory effects of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) and long acting luteinizing-releasing hormone (I.a. LHRH) on the gonadotropin secretion of normally menstruating women. The luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentrations were measured by RIA. The synthetic I.a. LHRH was found more potent than the parent hormone in terms of the magnitudes and durations of the LH and FSH responses. There was no close correlation between the initial gonadotropin values and the peak levels in normally menstruating women having basal LH and FSH values within the normal ranges. PMID- 6798098 TI - [Prevention of peritoneal adhesions. An experimental study using noxytiolin (author's transl)]. AB - Numerous procedures have been used to try to prevent peritoneal adhesions following operations. Noxytiolin has been used experimentally in the rat in a double blind trial on 3 series of 30 rats. A reliable procedure for making adhesions is said to be always reproducible. Comparing two control groups this study shows that statistically significantly this product lessens the number and seriousness of adhesions that can form, although it does not totally stop them developing. PMID- 6798099 TI - Development and characteristics of sucralfate. AB - Sucralfate, a basic aluminum salt of sucrose octasulfate, was developed to counteract the activities of both acid and pepsin. It differs chemically from other sulfated anionic inhibitors of pepsin in being a base and a derivative of pure disaccharide sucrose. The development of sucralfate was guided by the observations that sulfated disaccharides do not exhibit the anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides, and that the inhibition of peptic activity and the protection against experimental ulceration depend only on the degree of sulfation. Sucralfate has been found to protect pylorusligated animals from peptic ulceration more effectively than a mixture of sucrose octasulfate and aluminum hydroxide. Sucralfate has several unusual properties. On encountering gastric acid, it becomes a highly condensed, viscous substance with the capacity to buffer acid. These properties are retained in the duodenum. Sucralfate forms stable complexes with proteins and inhibits their hydrolysis by preventing pepsin substrate interaction. Sucralfate also inhibits peptic activities by direct adsorption of pepsin. In addition, sucralfate adsorbs bile salts. The sum of these properties implies that sucralfate provides a comprehensive defense against identified aggressive factors, acid, pepsin, and bile salts. PMID- 6798101 TI - Neural and hormonal factors in peptic ulcer disease. AB - The cause of duodenal ulcer (DU) is unknown, but gastric acid and pepsin must be involved in the pathogenesis of the disorder: (1) Patients with massive acid hypersecretion due to gastrinoma almost develop peptic ulcer, usually duodenal; (2) ordinary DU patients, on the average, secrete much more acid basally and also have larger acid secretory capacities than healthy people; and (3) reduction of gastric acid secretion (e.g., with cimetidine) accelerates DU healing and prevents DU from recurring. Although factors responsible for increased basal acid secretion rates and for increased maximal secretory capacity (parietal cell mass) in many DU patients are not completely understood, it is likely that neural and hormonal factors are involved: The stomachs of some DU patients may be under increased vagal drive in the basal state. Parietal cells of DU patients are more sensitive to the hormone gastrin, which is released by food. In this review, evidence for abnormalities in vagal function and gastrin physiology in DU will be discussed, with emphasis on recent developments. PMID- 6798100 TI - Mechanisms of action of sucralfate. AB - Sucralfate binds to duodenal and gastric ulcers and to gastric erosions produced by ethanol and anti-inflammatory drugs. The affinity of sucralfate for defective mucosa is explained by the drug's viscous adhesiveness and the formation of polyvalent bridges between the negatively charged sucralfate polyanions and positively charged proteins present in high concentrations in mucosal lesions. Sucralfate also buffers acid, inhibits the action of pepsin, and adsorbs bile salts. These properties of sucralfate enable the drug to act as an effective barrier to the penetration of acid, pepsin, and bile salts. Evidence to support such a comprehensive protective barrier effect is presented. Sucralfate also binds to uninjured mucosa and is believed to exert a similar "barrier" effect on regenerated and normal mucosa. Other possible mechanism for sucralfate's antiulcer effect include depletion of acid, pepsin, and bile salts from the the gastric secretion. Animal data show that the action of sucralfate is sustained because of its viscous adhesiveness, slow reaction with acid, and high affinity for defective mucosa. PMID- 6798102 TI - Comparative susceptibility of sterilized and genetically-defined strains of Aedes aegypti to Dirofilaria repens. PMID- 6798103 TI - A comparative study on the preparation of immunoglobulin-galactosidase conjugates. AB - For the application of beta-D-galactosidase-immunoglobulin conjugates in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), four techniques for the preparation of such conjugates were compared. Sheep immunoglobulin (Ig) (against soluble egg antigens of the trematode Schistosoma mansoni) was coupled to beta-D galactosidase by means of 1) glutaraldehyde treatment, 2) the heterobifunctional reagent N-succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP), and 3,4) two different procedures using the coupling agent m-maleimidobenzoyl-N hydroxysuccinimide ester(MBS). The prepared conjugates were then fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and the resultant molecular weight fractions were tested in an ELISA for the detection of S. mansoni antigen. Optimal results were obtained with a conjugate that was synthesized according to one of the two techniques using MBS. With this conjugate, 10(-9) g antigen/ml could still be detected in an ELISA with a chromogenic substrate, which was at least ten times as sensitive as with the other conjugates. Application of a fluorogenic substrate resulted in a lower detection level of 10(-10) g antigen/ml. PMID- 6798104 TI - A simple fluorescent method for simultaneous determination of aortic permeability to horseradish peroxidase and bovine serum albumin. AB - Differences in regional aortic net uptake of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and horseradish peroxidase (HP) have been examined by means of conjugation of these molecules to the fluorescent protein tracers fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and lissamine rhodamine B (RB200). Using male Wistar rats, uptake of FITC-BSA under steady state conditions in the ascending aorta and aortic arch (14 +/- 2 micrograms/mg aorta) is significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of either the upper, middle, or lower third of the thoracic aorta (10 +/- 1 mu, 9 +/ 1 mu, and 8 +/- 1 micrograms/mg, respectively). No regional variation in net uptake of RB200-HP was observed in these same aortic regions, with respective mean values (+/- SE) being 69 +/- 2, 69 +/- 2, 68 +/- 4, and 68 +/- 4 micrograms/mg. Examination of fluorescence photomicrographs indicate that FITC BSA is localized along the collagen-elastin bands, while the RB200-HP is found between these bands. Differences between FITC-BSA and RB200-HP uptake and deposition reflect such things as differences in uptake rates as influenced by initial concentrations, permeability coefficients, as well as possible differences in molecular charge and affinity. The results indicate that the fluorometric procedures described in this investigation are simple, sensitive, and quantitative, and suitable for simultaneous measurement of aortic uptake of molecules having different molecular sizes as well as for the intraaortic localization of these substances. PMID- 6798105 TI - Kallikrein in rat pancreatic tissue after beta cell destruction or acinar cell atrophy. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether glandular kallikrein in rat pancreas is located in the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas or in the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. Kallikrein was measured by radial immunodiffusion and a direct radioimmunoassay in homogenates of pancreas obtained from 1) control rats, 2) rats with pancreatic beta cells selectively destroyed by streptozotocin, and 3) rats with acinar cell atrophy induced by pancreatic duct occlusion. Beta cell destruction was confirmed by the presence of hyperglycemia and by an almost total depletion of insulin-producing cells as demonstrated immunohistochemically. Acinar cell atrophy was confirmed histologically and by an almost total depletion of trypsin-like enzymes in pancreatic homogenates. The concentration of kallikrein in pancreatic homogenates was unchanged after beta cell destruction, whereas it was greatly decreased following acinar cell atrophy. Kallikrein was, by immunohistochemistry, demonstrated in the acinar cell only. The immunohistochemical localization of kallikrein agrees with the above results. These studies strongly indicate that kallikrein is predominantly located in the acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas. PMID- 6798106 TI - Double labeled-antigen method for demonstration of intracellular antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues. AB - A double "labeled-antigen" method has been developed for the simultaneous staining of both kappa and lambda light chains in fixed paraffin sections. The method is a two step procedure utilizing a mixture of antisera against kappa and lambda light chains in the first stage, followed by the addition of a mixture of kappa antigen labeled with horseradish peroxidase and lambda antigen labeled with alkaline phosphatase. The selection of substrates yielding reaction products of contrasting color enabled the observer to distinguish kappa-containing cells (brown) from lambda-containing cells (blue). Reactive plasma cells stained either pure brown (kappa) or clear blue (lambda) in a ratio of 1.5:1. Blood vessels containing serum immunoglobulins showed a mixed brown-blue reaction, as did the Reed-Sternberg cells of some cases of Hodgkin's disease. The advantages of this double labeled-antigen method over previously reported methods for achieving double staining are discussed. PMID- 6798107 TI - Characteristics of listeria strains, isolated from micromammalia in Bulgaria. AB - 56 Listeria strains isolated from the intestine contents of 13 species of micromammalia in Bulgaria were studied. 10 of the strains belong to the serovars 1/2a, 4A, 4b and 5 of Listeria monocytogenes and 44 of the strains belong to 10 antigenic variants of Listeria innocua. According to their characteristics these strains could hardly cause diseases in humans or domestic animals. Two strains have antigenic formulae O-V, VII, XIV and O-V, XIV and cannot be included in the existing classification. Prevalent are the strains antigen O-XV. They are more often isolated from synanthropic rodents. The hemolytic properties of the studied strains have the best correlation with the pathogenicity. The decomposition of rhamnose and xylose and the production of lysozyme could be a suitable basis for their classification in biotypes. PMID- 6798108 TI - The biological aspects of oral pathogenicity. AB - The bacteria in the oral region tend to localize in the form of plaque deposits on tooth surfaces and in gingival crevices. The "metabolic nature" of this complex flora focuses on the reversible interactions between the plaque flora and their environmental modifications. The environmental circumstances will influence the range of expression in situ for the plaque (oral) organisms. Then, it is suggested that the potential for caries induction or periodontal disease may develop when conditions approaching extremes of environment result in altered metabolism and antigenicity of particular oral organisms. PMID- 6798109 TI - Antibody responses to various T-independent antigens of B cells with or without C3 receptors and adherent cell requirement for these responses. PMID- 6798110 TI - Generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity to Theileria parva (East Coast fever) after inoculation of cattle with parasitized lymphoblasts. AB - The participation of genetically restricted cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) in protective immunity against Theileria parva was examined in cattle inoculated with autologous and allogeneic parasitized lymphoblasts. The majority of cattle given 10(7) infected allogeneic cells were protected against infection with the homologous parasite. Animals inoculated with drug-cured lymphoblasts, normal allogeneic lymph node cells (LNC), or a combination of LNC and parasitized allogeneic cells were fully susceptible. The magnitude of the primary CML responses against autologous infected targets (as opposed to that against the allogeneic lymphoblasts inoculated or 3rd-party targets) more accurately correlated with a decreased severity of infection after challenge. Autologous CML responses appeared earlier as cattle were given increasing numbers of parasitized autologous lymphoblasts, and were higher and more persistent with increasing parasitosis. Between 10(2) and 10(5) autologous infected cells induced immunity to T. parva, whereas at least 10(7) allogeneic lymphoblasts were required for comparable protection. The findings provide additional evidence for a protective role of restricted CML responses against T. parva in vivo. When allogeneic infected cells are used for immunization, viable T. parva need to establish infection in host cells to induce adequate protective immunity. PMID- 6798111 TI - The complete V domain amino acid sequences of two myeloma inulin-binding proteins. AB - The myeloma proteins binding inulin afford a unique opportunity to study the V region patterns of variation because of the similarity in the VL as well as the VH regions. The diversity patterns in both the VL and VH regions suggest these proteins are encoded by multiple, very similar V gene segments or that somatic mutation may repeatedly generate identical variants. Because of the close similarity in the V domains of these proteins and the extensive idiotypic analyses that have been carried out previously, several interesting conclusions can be drawn about the nature of idiotypic determinants. First, a single amino acid residue may be involved in determining multiple idiotypic determinants. Second, hapten-inhibitable idiotypes may depend on residues within and outside the hypervariable regions. Third, idiotypic similarity does not always predict a corresponding sequence similarity. PMID- 6798112 TI - The selective role of membrane IgG in the antigen-induced inhibition of human in vitro antibody synthesis. AB - IgG-anti-tetanus toxoid-producing B cell precursors from recently immunized individuals can be stimulated by pokeweed mitogen and T cells to produce IgG-Tet antibodies in vitro. Treatment of these cells with tetanus toxoid selectively inhibits the synthesis of IgG-Tet. Because the IgG-Tet precursors display heterogeneity in their surface isotypes (mu, delta, gamma), the aim of this study was to determine the surface isotype responsible for transmitting this antigen induced inhibitory signal to the B cell. B cells were fractionated by rosetting techniques on the basis of surface IgM or IgD. The 4 resulting B cell subsets (SIgM+, sIgM-, sIgD+, sIgD-) were found to be equally susceptible to antigen induced inhibition. Experiments were then performed with anti-isotype antibodies to investigate further the roles of sIgM, sIgD, and sIgG in antigen inhibition. Treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 10 micrograms/ml of anti-gamma antibody inhibited IgG-Tet antibody production, whereas the addition of up to 100 micrograms of anti-mu or anti-delta antibodies did not. Tetanus toxoid and anti gamma antibody inhibition of IgG-Tet synthesis in vitro followed similar temporal kinetics, with the IgG-Tet precursors being sensitive to inhibition by either tetanus toxoid or anti-gamma antibodies during the first 3 days of culture and not becoming totally resistant to these agents until day 5 of culture. Capping off of sIgG receptors, with the subsequent addition of tetanus toxoid, abolished the antigen-induced inhibition of IgG-Tet seen previously, whereas capping off of sIgD or sIgM did not affect antigen inhibition of IgG-Tet antibodies. These results implicate sIgG molecules as those responsible for rendering IgG-Tet precursors susceptible to antigen-induced inhibition. PMID- 6798113 TI - The H-2 haplotype of a thymus graft influences the Ir gene regulated IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody responses of high-responder F1.nude mice. AB - In order to examine whether the H-2 haplotype of a thymus graft influences the levels of IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a antibodies produced in an in vivo response to antigens under immune response (Ir) gene control, genotypic high-responder (H 2b X H-2k)F1.nude mice were grafted with thymuses from irradiated, neonatal low responder (H-2k) or high-responder (H-2b or (H-2k X H-2b)F1) mice and immunized with (T,G)-A--L. All IgG antibody responses to (T,G)-A--L in high-responder mice were shown to be thymus dependent. The majority of F1.nude mice grafted with thymuses from high-responder haplotype donors produced high-responder levels of IgG anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies. Conversely, the majority of F1.nude mice grafted with thymuses from low-responder haplotype donors gave low-responder phenotypic patterns. The modulation of the Ir gene phenotype was not restricted to a particular IgG isotype, but affected IgG3, IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a. The F1 . nude mice grafted with low-responder haplotype thymuses were able to produce IgG1, IgG3, and IgG2b antibodies to sheep erythrocytes, a thymus-dependent (TD) antigen not under overt Ir gene control. Circulating peripheral T cells were shown to be of host origin. By these criteria, the thymus grafts did enable F1.nude mice to respond to a TD antigen. These results support the concept that thymic H-2 determinants are involved in at least the selection of H-2 restricted T cell subsets, if not also the derivation of the T cell receptor repertoire for self and/or antigen recognition. PMID- 6798114 TI - Characterization of additional rabbit IgM allotypes and the effect of suppression of a VH locus allotypes on the expression of n C mu locus allotypes. PMID- 6798115 TI - Inhibition of antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity by heparin. AB - Killing of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, the unicellular parasite that causes Chagas' disease in humans, by human eosinophils in the presence of specific antibody to the parasite was inhibited by the polyanion heparin in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of heparin required to completely abolish eosinophil-effected killing of the flagellate increased as the eosinophil to parasite ratio increased. These results suggest that antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated cytotoxicity is mediated by basic constituents of the eosinophil granule. PMID- 6798116 TI - A monoclonal IgM lambda macroglobulin with specificity for lacto-N-tetraose in a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - The serum of a patient with bronchogenic carcinoma was found to contain a monoclonal IgM lambda (IgMwoo) that precipitated with a precursor blood group glycoprotein containing I and i determinants. IgMwoo did not agglutinate O cells in the cold or at room temperature, and by quantitative precipitin and precipitin inhibition assay its specificity was shown not to be to the I and i determinants. IgMwoo reacted best with lacto-N-tetraose, DGal beta 1 leads to 3DGlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3DGal beta 1 leads to 4DGlc, and was specific for the non-I or non-i determinant dGal beta 1 leads to 3DGlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3DGal-moiety present as a distinct chain on precursor glycoproteins containing I and i determinants. Human ovarian cyst blood group A and B glycoproteins were inactive, but removal of the outer tier of sugars involved in A, B, and H specificity exposed this non I or non-i determinant as well as the determinant reacting with anti-I Ma. IgMwoo was neither a cold agglutinin nor a cryoglobulin. It precipitated with precursor blood group glycoproteins somewhat less at 37 degrees C than at 0 degrees C, the differences being ascribable to solubility. PMID- 6798117 TI - Preferential response patterns of cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for fluorescein isothiocyanate-[FITC] modified autologous cells. AB - Murine cytotoxic responses to TNP-modified syngeneic cells (TNP-self) have been shown to exhibit preferential recognition of K or D end self products encoded by the H-2 complex. In the present study, a number of B10 congenic and recombinant mouse strains were investigated to determine the H-2K and H-2D-restricted FTC self CTL response patterns, and these were compared with the CTL response patterns obtained for TNP-self. The results indicate that for strains possessing the H-2k,d,h2,h4 haplotypes, respectively, preferential CTL responses were observed against FTC recognized in association with Kk over Dk, Dd over Kd, and Kk over Db. These patterns of preferential CTL responses were the same as those reported for TNP-self as well as several anti-viral CTL responses. In contrast to the results obtained in the B10.A strain, in which Kk preference was observed over Dd for TNP-self CTL, no preferential CTL response was observed when FTC was recognized in association with Kk and with Dd. In this context, it was observed that the CTL response to FTC recognized in association with Dd was particularly strong. This strong D end-associated response was shown to involve D locus products, and no evidence was obtained indicating that L locus self products were involved. These studies are discussed with respect to the possibility that different haptens can be recognized by CTL in association with different self determinants encoded by the same H-2 gene products. PMID- 6798118 TI - Activation of rat B lymphocytes. I. Characterization of anti-immunoglobulin responses and isotype density of rat B cells. AB - Spleen cells of two rat strains, Lewis and Brown Norway (BN), have been activated by lectins and by antibodies specific for immunoglobulin isotypes embedded in their cell membranes. Optimal concentrations of antibodies specific for mu, gamma, or delta-chains of rat augments in vitro incorporation of 3H-TdR 5 to 18 fold in Lewis B lymphocytes and 1.5 to 4-fold in BN B lymphocytes. In addition, F(ab')2 fragments of anti-Ig reagents induced Lewis splenic B cells but not BN B cells to incorporate 3H-TdR. Responses to LPS and dextran sulfate, B lymphocyte mitogens, measured by radioactive uptake, were five to 10 times greater in Lewis B cell populations than in BN B cell populations. Density of surface Ig isotypes and capping kinetics were similar in the two rat strains, although the percentage of T cells, T cell subsets, B cells, and Ia+ B cells differed in the spleens of these strains of rats. Both T lymphocytes and macrophages were needed in culture to effect an optimal response. IL-2 restored the response in B cell cultures depleted of T cells and macrophages, and enhanced 3H-TdR uptake in whole spleen cells of Lewis but not BN rats. The strain-dependent responsiveness of B cells to specific anti-Ig reagents or B cell mitogens appears to be associated with inherent (genetic) defects in T cells and B cells or defects in T cell to B cell cooperation in BN rats. PMID- 6798119 TI - The requirement for esterase activation in T cell replacing factor (TRF)-induced IgG production in a human B blastoid cell line. AB - Involvement of stimulus-activatable serine esterase in the process of TRF-induced IgG production in a human B blastoid cell line (CESS) was demonstrated. Addition of DFP or PMSF (1 X 10(-3) M to 1 X 10(-5) M) showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on TRF-induced IgG induction in CESS cells. Other organophosphorous inhibitors, such as p-NPEPP and PEPP, were also effective, but a nonphosphorylating analogue of DFP, DMP, was not inhibitory. Simultaneous addition of DFP with TRF showed the inhibitory effect, and the inhibition was irreversible. However, pretreatment of the cells with DFP did not abrogate TRF induced IgG production. In synchronized cells, signals provided by TRF could be transduced only when cells were in the G1-phase, and DFP showed an inhibitory effect only when it was added to cells in the G1-phase with TRF. One amino acid derivative (AAME) partially inhibited TRF-induced IgG production. PMID- 6798120 TI - Analysis of immunoglobulin mRNA in murine myeloma cell variants defective in the synthesis of the light or heavy polypeptide chains. PMID- 6798121 TI - Membrane-bound and secreted IgA contain structurally different alpha-chains. AB - Three different forms of alpha-chains are synthesized by BF0.3 and 615.2, two cloned cell lines derived from the murine B lymphoma 1.29. The three forms of alpha-chains differ in size, pI, cellular location, and rate of turnover. They were identified by means of lactoperoxidase-catalyzed radioiodination, internal 14C or 35S labeling, and immunofluorescence techniques as membrane-bound(alpha m), secreted (alpha s), and intracellular (alpha ic) proteins. Comparison of immunoglobulin products of the two lymphoma lines with those of a hybridoma cell line, Id 150, which secretes IgA of the 1.29 idiotype but lacks membrane IgA, confirmed the assignments of alpha m, alpha s, and alpha ic. Results of biosynthetic labeling of BF0.3, 615.2, and Id 150 in the presence and absence of tunicamycin suggest that the difference in m.w. and charge observed between alpha m and alpha s can be attributed to differences in primary amino acid structure rather than different degrees of glycosylation. PMID- 6798122 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobins. VI. Distinct Ir genes for different myoglobins: complementing genes in I-A and H-2D for equine myoglobin. PMID- 6798123 TI - Functional heterogeneity of helper T cells: two distinct helper T cells are required for the production of T cell growth factor. AB - A rat monoclonal antibody, obtained after immunization with cells from a cytolytic, TCGF-dependent T cell clone, was found to react with 10 to 20% of murine splenic and lymph node cells and with 65 to 70% of thymocytes. Addition of this antibody to normal spleen cell cultures, or cytotoxic elimination of the cells recognized by the antibody before culture, resulted in the abolishment or profound inhibition of the Con A-induced proliferative responses. The antibody did not react with or inhibit the proliferating, TCGF-reactive T cells, but it inhibited lectin-dependent TCGF production. An analysis of this inhibition, using purified cell populations and the macrophage-derived factor LAF, demonstrated that the cell removed by antibody cytotoxicity was neither the macrophage nor the TCGF-producing T cell, indicating that this antibody eliminates a second helper T cell required for lectin-dependent production of LAF by the accessory cells. These results extend previous observations on the T cell dependence of Con A induced LAF production and identify a fourth cell type involved in the collaborative processes leading to TCGF-dependent T cell proliferation. PMID- 6798124 TI - Cytokine-dependent thymocyte responses: characterization of IL 1 and IL 2 target subpopulations and mechanism of action. AB - The responsiveness of murine thymocytes to T cell mitogens was examined in the presence of highly purified preparations of IL 1 and IL 2. Fractionation of thymocytes by selective agglutination with peanut lectin (Arachius hypogeae) resulted in separation of two cell populations, each of which mediated distinctive responses to cytokine stimulation. The majority of thymus cells, agglutinated by the lectin (PNA+), were found to be unresponsive to mitogen in the presence of the macrophage-derived factor, IL 1; but showed marked proliferation when stimulated by mitogen in concert with the T cell-derived factor, IL 2. The nonagglutinated fraction, (PNA- cells) demonstrated substantial levels of proliferation after stimulation with mitogen in the absence of any exogenous factors. Moreover, IL 1 alone was highly mitogenic for PNA-thymocytes. This stimulation was further shown to result in the subsequent release of IL 2, as assessed by both the detection of IL 2 by lymphokine-dependent T cell lines and the inhibition of IL 1-dependent mitogenesis by the presence of anti-IL 2 monoclonal antibody. These results further substantiate the important immunoregulatory nature of these proteins and elucidates the possible role of these substances in the ontogeny of T cell responsiveness. PMID- 6798125 TI - Expression of the major cross-reactive idiotype in a primary anti azobenzenearsonate response. AB - We have studied the occurrence of IgM plaque-forming cells secreting the cross reactive idiotype (CRI) characteristic of the anti-azobenzenearsonate antibody responses in individual mice of different strains after one injection of the T independent antigen, p-azobenzenearsonate-Brucella. Under these conditions of stimulation we find that idiotype is not unique to the Igh-1e and Igh-1d allotypes, but is expressed prominently in Igh-1a and Igh-1j strains and to a lesser but significant extent in Igh-1c and Igh-1b strains. We confirmed previous work that idiotype expression in mice hyperimmunized with protein conjugates of azobenzenearsonate is mainly restricted to mice of the Igh-1e allotype, but we find the display to be less marked than in mice given a single injection of the Brucella conjugate. We conclude that the B cell repertoire is inadequately revealed by analysis of serum antibodies of hyperimmune mice. We suggest the apparent correlation of the anti-azobenzenearsonate idiotype to allotype may be influenced by the activity of heavy chain regulatory genes, rather than the presence or absence of structural genes coding for the major CRI. We cannot exclude the possibility that the previously designated CRI-negative strains may express a cross-reactive determinant that is not necessarily a product of the CRI gene family. PMID- 6798126 TI - T cells produce TRF in response to Con A and factors in T cell hybridoma supernatants. AB - In recent experiments, a soluble factor (TRF) that mediates the differentiation of anti-immunoglobulin (Ig)-activated B cells to Ig-secreting cells has been identified. TRF works in concert with a growth factor, probably IL 2, in the induction of activated B cells. In previous studies, TRF was identified in culture supernatants of activated T cells and accessory cells, and thus the cellular source (T cell or accessory cell) of the factor was not determined. In the present studies, we succeeded in inducing the production of TRF by T cell populations from which accessory cells had been vigorously depleted. Lymph node cells were depleted of accessory cells by nylon wool adherence and anti-Ia and complement treatment; these cells were activated with Con A and a T cell hybridoma supernatant that contains IL 2. Supernatants from these activated T cell cultures supported the differentiation of anti-Ig-activated B cells to Ig secreting cells. These results show that T cells produce the differentiation factor, and further that they do so in response to ligand (Con A) plus a T cell derived factor. PMID- 6798127 TI - Tissue origins of human polymeric and monomeric IgA. AB - Human tissues were examined for their ability to produce monomeric and polymeric forms of IgA in vitro. Mononuclear cells were examined for the presence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and J chain (by immunofluorescence) and for the amounts and molecular forms of intracellular and secreted IgA (by radioimmunoassay). Cultured bone marrow cells were the largest producers of total IgA, and approximately 90% of the secreted IgA was monomeric. Spleen cells also produced predominantly monomeric IgA. Intestinal lamina propria cells secreted the greatest amounts of polymeric IgA, but also produced significant amounts of monomeric IgA. Tonsillar, lymph node, and peripheral blood cells produced approximately equal proportions of monomeric and polymeric IgA. These results suggested that bone marrow may be a major source of serum monomeric IgA, and that lymphoid tissues associated with secretory surfaces may provide a greater proportion of polymeric IgA than other lymphoid tissues. There was a positive correlation between the production of polymeric IgA and the presence of cytoplasmic J chain; tissues that produced predominantly monomeric IgA generally displayed fewer cells containing cytoplasmic J chain. PMID- 6798128 TI - Chemoprophylaxis for Neisseria meningitidis in an isolated Arctic community. AB - Community chemoprophylaxis with a regimen of sequential minocycline/rifampin (adults) or rifampin alone (children [less than 12 years of age]) was undertaken in a remote Arctic community one year after an outbreak of meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Nasopharyngeal carriage rates of N. meningitidis before prophylaxis were 32.4% in Inuit (Eskimos) and 6% in Caucasians, with maximal carriage (44.8%) in adolescents. Serogroup B accounted for 63.9% of all isolates before prophylaxis. One week after prophylaxis, the nasopharyngeal carriage rates were 0.8% in Inuit who had received prophylaxis and 33.3% in those who had not received prophylaxis (P less than 0.005). This reduction persisted at nine weeks after prophylaxis, when carriage rates were 1.2% in those who had received prophylaxis and 22.6% in individuals who had not received prophylaxis. Of the strains obtained before prophylaxis, 7.8% were sulfadiazine-resistant, whereas 35% of all isolates obtained from prophylaxis were sulfadiazine-resistant. Rifampin- or minocycline-resistant strains were not identified either before or after prophylaxis. PMID- 6798129 TI - Failure of lysine to prevent experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6798130 TI - Relation of protein I and colony opacity to serum killing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Serum bactericidal tests were done for isogenic Neisseria gonorrhoeae that formed transparent or opaque colonies. Analysis of the data from individual strains showed that the molecular weight of protein I was a highly significant, but not universal, determinant of serum sensitivity or resistance. N. gonorrhoeae organisms with high-molecular-weight protein I were more serum-sensitive. Multivariate analysis of the data from 43 strains indicated that N. gonorrhoeae organisms from transparent colonies were more serum-resistant than isogenic organisms from opaque colonies (P = 0.01). Survivors of bactericidal reactions in which the initial inoculum was from opaque colonies tended to form transparent colonies. Bactericidal action by sera from men was highly associated (P less than 0.02) with the molecular weight of protein I and with the presence of protein II bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas bactericidal action by sera from women was associated only with the molecular weight of protein I. PMID- 6798131 TI - Antibody and complement in the stimulation of neutrophil chemiluminescence by Neisseria meningitidis: studies in a patient with complete deficiency of C7. AB - When an eight-year-old boy with a syndrome compatible with disseminated neisseria infection was found to lack C7, studies on the role of antibody and complement in the interaction of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and Neisseria were initiated with use of a luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay. The chemiluminescent response to opsonized Neisseria meningitidis was markedly lower than the response to opsonized zymosan or Streptococcus pneumoniae but was similar to that obtained with Haemophilus influenzae type b. IgG antibody to N. meningitidis was shown to enhance the chemiluminescent response. The chemiluminescent response of PMNLs to N. meningitidis was normal when the bacteria were incubated with sera deficient in C5, C6, or C7 but was absent in serum lacking C2. Thus, both antibody and the early-acting proteins of the classical complement pathway appear to be essential for maximal stimulation of PMNL oxidative metabolism by N. meningitidis, although the late-acting components of complement are not. PMID- 6798132 TI - Activation of the alternative pathway of human complement by the extracellular slime glycolipoprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The capability of the extracellular slime glycolipoprotein (GLP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to activate human complement was investigated. When slime GLP was added to type AB human serum, C3 and factor B were converted to their respective major cleavage fragments, C3b and Bb. This activation also occurred when slime GLP was incubated with serum-ethylene glycol bis(trichloroacetate)-Mg++, a result which indicates that the alternative complement pathway is involved. Additional support for the hypothesis of alternative pathway activation was provided by the fact that when serum-ethylene glycol bis(trichloroacetate)-Mg++ was preheated to inactivate factor B, slime GLP did not induce conversion of C3. The activation of the alternative pathway of human complement by slime GLP may represent an early nonimmune defense against P. aeruginosa infection. PMID- 6798134 TI - The effect of calcium and prostaglandin inhibitors on the intestinal fluid response to heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli. AB - The role of calcium and prostaglandins in the intestinal fluid response to Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin (ST) was investigated in infant mice. Drugs that inhibit calcium uptake-cromolyn sodium, diltiazem, and nifedipine caused a significant (P less than 0.02, P less than 0.02, and P less than 0.01, respectively) decrease in the fluid response when administered with ST. The effect of cromolyn sodium and nifedipine was dose-dependent; both agents were effective when administered 30 min before toxin challenge. Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis-quinacrine hydrochloride and zomepirac sodium-caused a significant (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02, respectively) reduction in the fluid response when administered with or 30 min before ST. The fluid response to cyclic 8-bromoguanosine 3',5'-monophosphate or to nitroprusside, which directly activated guanylate cyclase, was not altered by inhibitors of calcium uptake or prostaglandin synthesis. These observations indicate that calcium and prostaglandins are involved in the initial events that result in an intestinal fluid response to E. coli ST. PMID- 6798133 TI - Diphtheria toxin and related proteins: effect of route of injection on toxicity and the determination of cytotoxicity for various cultured cells. AB - The effect of route of injection on the toxicity of intact diphtheria toxin, cross-reacting material (CRM45), and diphtherial fragment A was compared in several animal species. By ordinary routes of injection, neither CRM45 nor fragment A was toxic, even in species for which 0.1 micrograms of toxin/kg of body weight was lethal. After intracerebral injection, however, small amounts of CRM45 led to paralysis and death, even in mice and rats--species that are resistant to toxin administered intravenously. High doses of fragment A were nontoxic even by the intracerebral route. The cytotoxic dose od CRM45 was approximately 10(-7) M for a variety of cell lines derived from toxin-sensitive or toxin-resistant species. Cultured at Schwann's cells, however, were more sensitive CRM45 than other cell lines tested and 50-100 times more sensitive to toxin than cells cultured from other adult rat tissues. Fragment A has virtually no cytotoxicity for any mammalian cell line tested. PMID- 6798135 TI - Isolation of a lipopolysaccharide mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an analysis of the antigenic and biologic difference. AB - Analysis of the surface constituents of a pyocin 611 131-resistant variant of strain no. JW-31 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed substantial differences in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but not changes in the auxotype or outer-membrane proteins. Immunodiffusion and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the variant strain (no. JW-31R) lost both the LPS serotype and the variable antigens while retaining at least a portion of the common determinant. The use of monoclonal antibody indicated that LPSs from strain no. JW-31R and pyocin 611 131 resistant strains of other LPS serotypes lack a D-galactosaminyl-D galactopyranosyl-D-glucose moiety. The LPS-derived polysaccharide from strain no. JW-31 binds to wheat-germ lectin in precipitin and inhibition systems, whereas the JW-31R polysaccharide exhibits a markedly reduced affinity. In the presence of normal human serum, 99% of strain no. JW-31R was killed within 20 min and strain no. JW-31 was not. PMID- 6798136 TI - Lipopolysaccharide and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide serotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The serotype distribution of bacteremic and nonbacteremic clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to the Fisher immunotyping scheme, the International Antigenic Typing System (IATS), and high-molecular-weight polysaccharide determinants was investigated. Of 281 bacteremic isolates, 273 (97.2%) were serotyped by one of the seven IATS specificities that correspond to a Fisher lipopolysaccharide/high-molecular-weight polysaccharide specificity. In contrast, these seven serotypes accounted for only 68.5% of the 124 nonbacteremic clinical isolates. Review of the reported serotype distribution of P. aeruginosa isolates in Europe further supported the finding of a limited serotype distribution among bacteremic clinical isolates. Fifteen of the 17 IATS serotypes were found among all of the strains of P. aeruginosa serotyped, an indication that most of the IATS serotypes are present in the United States. Thus, only certain lipopolysaccharide immunotypes of P. aeruginosa occur as clinical bacteremic isolates, and a multivalent, high-molecular-weight polysaccharide vaccine directed at the lipopolysaccharide type determinants of P. aeruginosa has potential usefulness. PMID- 6798137 TI - [Change of left ventricular segment length by nitroglycerin measured by biplane coronary cineangiography in man (author's transl)]. AB - Left ventricular size at different portions was evaluated following the administration of nitroglycerin to find whether there is any regional difference in the amount of shortening. In 6 patients with old myocardial infarction, biplane coronary cineangiograms were obtained before and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin of 0.3 mg. The coordinates of the bifurcations of the left coronary artery at multiple sites were measured on the postero-anterior and lateral films and the spatial lengths (L) between any paired two points were calculated frame by frame covering one cardiac cycle. The maximum length (Lmax) was 63.2 +/- 3.1 (SE) mm before nitroglycerin as a whole and was 61.4 +/- 2.9 mm after nitroglycerin, showing no significant change. The minimum length (Lmin) also showed no significant change after nitroglycerin; from 56.1 +/- 2.9 to 54.9 +/- 2.6 mm. However, at the free wall, Lmax after nitroglycerin was reduced by 4.5 +/- 2.5%, and Lmax at the anterior septum was also reduced by 3.0 +/- 1.3%. Lmax at the base was unchanged after nitroglycerin. Lmin at the free wall and at the anterior septum were also reduced after nitroglycerin, 4.4 +/- 2.6 and 2.9 +/ 1.2%, respectively, and it was unchanged at the base. Since a reduction in the left ventricular size is effective in reducing myocardial oxygen demand and is effective in treating myocardial ischemia, it was suggested that nitroglycerin is more effective in relieving ischemia at the free wall and septum and less effective at the base. PMID- 6798138 TI - [A method for the quantitative estimation of antibodies to extracellular esterases produced by group A and B streptococci, and application to the sera of patients with scarlet fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798141 TI - [The effect of disinfectants on waste water from medical centers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798139 TI - [Study on group A streptococci T-antibody among primary school children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798140 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological study on microbial flora in the vagina. (4) The influences of lactobacilli to group B Streptococcus (GBS) an other flora and the variations of vaginal microbial flora by age (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798142 TI - [Antagonism between virulent and avirulent Shigella or Escherichia coli (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798143 TI - [Serological studies on Vibrio parahaemolyticus. III. Agglutinins in o-antiserum against heterologous o-antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798147 TI - [Comparison of kinetics and effectiveness against pseudomonas aeruginosa between intravenously and intramuscularly administered tobramycin; experimental study using diffusion chambers incubated in rabbit's peritoneal cavity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798145 TI - [Evaluation of two rapid tests for detecting ampicillin-resistant strains of haemophilus influenzae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798144 TI - [Isolation of Legionella pneumophila from cooling tower (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798146 TI - [A clinical study on the effect of K-708 (acemetacin)--a double blind comparative study with ibuprofen in upper respiratory tract inflammation with fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798149 TI - [Epidemiological studies of food poisoning. 2. Statistical analysis of relationship between weather and food poisoning]. PMID- 6798148 TI - [Four cases of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798150 TI - [Sex differences in correlation coefficient among the cord serum levels of LH hCG, beta-hCG, FSH, estradiol cortisol and testosterone (author's transl)]. AB - Lutenizing hormone (LH-hCG), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), estradiol, cortisol and testosterone were determined and correlated with each hormones in 62 cord sera (32 male and 35 female infants). Mean (+/- S.E.)male cord sera cortisol concentrations (36.2 +/- 3.9 ug/dl) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than that of female (24.1 +/- 3.7 ug/dl). Another hormones were not found significant sex difference. Regression analysis showed significant positive correlations between LH-hCG (r = 0.525, p less than 0.001) or beta-hCG (r = 0.461, p less than 0.005) levels and FSH levels in all cord sera (N = 67). In male cord sera, there were significant positive correlations between LH-hCG (r = 0.493, p less than 0.01) or beta-hCG (r = 0.485, p less than 0.01) levels and testosterone levels. There was a significant positive correlation (p less than 0.01) between estradiol levels and testosterone levels in female cord sera. These data suggest (1) the sex difference of cortisol levels which indicate the response for the stress during labor and delivery, (2) there was a significant sex difference in the maturation of the feed back mechanism in pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 6798151 TI - [Roentgenological measurement of the cervical vertebral bodies in ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and cervical spondylosis (CS) (author's transl)]. AB - Many studies of the pathogenesis of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL) have been reported, and both general and local factors have been pointed out. In case a longitudinal ligament is affected by both the general and local OPLL factors for many years, the shape and size of the cervical vertebral bodies and the arrangement of the cervical spinal column might be affected. The relation between OPLL and disc degeneration, the morphology of the facet joint and the change of longitudinal ligament tension has been reported by many authors. But the relation between OPLL and the shape, size and arrangement of cervical vertebral bodies has not been reported. We selected X-ray films of the lateral view of cervical spines which had been taken at our hospital since 1975. The subjects consisted of 190 cases in Group I and 189 cases in Group II. Half of Group I had OPLL, of which 71 were males and 24 females. The other half of Group I was composed of 95 cases (CS) of cervical spondylosis of the same sex and age distribution. Group II comprised 189 cases, all males aged 49 yrs. Of them, 41 were OPLL cases, 102 CS, and 46 normal subjects. The X-ray films of Group II were taken during medical examinations. The height, antero-posterior diameter of the cervical vertebral bodies and the antero-posterior diameter of the cervical spinal canals were measured and examined for kyphosis between the two neighbouring cervical vertebral bodies, disc space narrowing and Barsony ossification. The height and antero-posterior diameter of the cervical vertebral bodies were compared among the following groups. 1) the 3 groups divided according to age (-49,50-59,60-75 yrs.), 2) segmental type with non-segmental type, 3) OPLL only at C3 and C4 with OPLL only at C5, C6, and C7. The results were as follows: The cervical vertebral bodies of OPLL were taller and wider than those of CS. Cervical vertebral bodies of the older group were shorter and wider than those of the younger groups in both OPLL and CS. THe relative height (C3 = I) of OPLL group was very close to Normal group. The cervical vertebral bodies of non-segmental type were taller but not wider than those of segmental type of OPLL group. The C3 and C4 vertebral bodies with OPLL only at C3 and C4 were taller, but not wider than those with OPLL only at C5, C6 and C7. The antero-posterior diameter of cervical spinal canal of OPLL was narrower than CS group. The above data indicate the following: 1) With advance in age, cervical vertebral bodies become lower and wider. 2) The cervical vertebral body of OPLL is taller and wider than that of CS. 3) The level of OPLL and the type of OPLL have a relation to the height of cervical vertebral body. 4) The cervical vertebral bodies which have OPLL are wider than non-OPLL. But the level and the type of OPLL have no relation with the A-P diameter of the cervical vertebral body. PMID- 6798152 TI - [A case of inoperable esophageal carcinoma responding to adriamycin and FT 207 suppository for more than one year (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798153 TI - [Influences of an extract from tubercle bacilli of human type (SSM) on the functions of human lymphocytes: effects on pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production by human lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798154 TI - Derivation of antihypertensive neutral renomedullary lipid from renal venous effluent. AB - The ANRL was derived from the renal venous effluent as the kidney exerted its nonexcretory antihypertensive function. This was made possible by three developments: (1) improvement in the extraction of ANRL from fresh renal medulla; (2) the fact that purified ANRL caused an acute vasodepressor effect (acted as a vasodilator); and (3) experience with unclipping the one-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rat. Unclipping after an anastomosis between the ureter and the vena cava caused the MAP to return to normal levels in an average of 20 hr. At an average of 5 hr, when the MAP had dropped an average of 34 mm Hg (from approximately 190), an exchange infusion was started and blood was collected from the renal vein. The plasma was separated, lyophilized, and extracted for total lipids. The lipids were subjected to two TLC procedures and tested for vasodepressor activity. Renal venous effluent, under those conditions, yielded a considerable amount of vasodepressor lipid that was similar to that derived from fresh renal medulla. Controls (normal, nephrectomized, and hypertensive animals) yielded little or no such lipid. Indomethacin did not interfere with the derivation of the vasodepressor lipid. As the MAP was lowered and the ANRL-like lipid appeared in the renal venous blood, the RICs degranulated. The RICs appear to be the source of the antihypertensive lipid. PMID- 6798155 TI - Organization, structure, and assembly of immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity DNA segments. AB - We have identified, cloned, and sequenced eight different DNA segments encoding the diversity (D) regions of mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes. Like the two D segments previously characterized (16, 17), all eight D segments are flanked by characteristic heptamers and nonamers separated by 12-bp spacers. These 10 D segments, and several more D segments identified but not yet sequenced, can be classified into three families based on the extent of sequence homology. The SP2 family consists of nine highly homologous D segments that are all 17-bp long and clustered in a chromosomal region of approximately 60 kb. The FL16 family consists of up to four D segments, two of which were mapped in the 5' end region of the SP2-D cluster. The two FL16D segments are 23 and 17 bp long. The third, the Q52 family, is a single-member family of the 10-bp-long DQ52, located 700 bp 5' to the JH cluster. We argue that the D-region sequences of the majority of heavy chain genes arise from these germline D segments by various somatic mechanisms, including joining of multiple D segments. We present a specific model of D-D joining that does not violate the 12/23-bp spacer rule. PMID- 6798157 TI - A family practice orthopedic trauma clinic. AB - In order to help provide care for acute orthopedic injuries to a portion of a military patient population and to add simultaneously a new aspect to the orthopedic rotation of family practice residents, a family practice orthopedic trauma clinic, staffed solely by family physicians, was initiated, and the records for six months were examined and summarized. A total of 540 patient visits, 286 (52.9 percent) of whom were adults during 45 sessions of this clinic were noted. Fractures accounted for 79.2 percent of the injuries, while sprains and contusions accounted for 17.7 and 3.1 percent, respectively. The most frequent injuries were fractures of the radius, fractures of hand phalanges, and ankle sprains. Orthopedic consultation was obtained at 88 (16.2 percent) of the patient visits. The results of this study indicate that family physicians can effectively manage the majority of nonsurgical, acute orthopedic injuries and that a clinic of this type may be a valuable addition to the orthopedic rotation of a family practice residencies. PMID- 6798156 TI - Coronary arterial spasm. AB - Coronary arterial spasm has been postulated to be a cause of myocardial ischemia for over 100 years. It was not until the work of Prinzmetal et al in 1959, however, that major clinical attention and research began to be addressed to the role of vasospasm in the manifestations of ischemic heart disease. It is now known that spasm may be clinically important in patients with significant underlying atherosclerotic coronary artery disease as well as in patients with anatomically normal or subcritically stenosed coronary vessels. Research has suggested that spasm may be associated with symptoms of stable resting and/or exertional angina pectoris and that it almost certainly plays a role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction. Symptomatic arrhythmias, including sinus bradycardia, heart block, and ventricular tachyarrhythmias, have been documented to complicate coronary vasospasm. Given the potential importance of coronary arterial spasm in so many different ischemic heart disease syndromes, the development of therapeutic agents that may prevent spasm has obvious clinical importance. PMID- 6798158 TI - Pyrolysis mass spectrometry: a new method to differentiate between the mycobacteria of the 'tuberculosis complex' and other mycobacteria. AB - Pyrolysis mass spectrometry (p.m.s.) was applied to differentiate 91 coded mycobacteria as belonging to either the 'tuberculosis complex' (M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG) or to other species of Mycobacterium. Strains were analysed in batches; in each batch three strains each of M. tuberculosis, M. bovis and M. bovis BCG were included as references. Mass spectra were evaluated by computerized multivariate analysis. A 92% positive correlation with classical identification tests was found (2.2% false negative, 5.5% false positive). Approaches for further improvement of this score are indicated. High speed and complete automation of sample analysis, as well as computerized data-processing, make p.m.s. a potential tool for routine application. Sample transfer from peripheral laboratories to a p.m.s. facility is easy, as samples can be sterilized before shipping. PMID- 6798159 TI - Immunological analysis of the EDTA-soluble antigens of Clostridium difficile and related species. AB - Antigens were extracted with EDTA from 32 strains representing 10 species of Clostridium. When these antigens were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, marked cross-reactions were observed between C. difficile, C. sordellii and C. bifermentans. The cross-reactive antigen, visualized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, was carbohydrate. PMID- 6798160 TI - Factors affecting the induction of phenotypically determined serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae grown in media containing serum or its diffusible components. AB - Phenotypically determined resistance of gonococci to killing by normal human serum can be generated by growth of susceptible organisms in media containing guinea pig, calf or human serum. However, even in the best medium tested, i.e. defined medium containing 50% (v/v) guinea pig serum, resistance was greatly reduced after 24 h incubation and the maximum number of colony-forming units generated was 10(7) to 10(8) ml-1. Resistance was not acquired after incubation in guinea pig serum at low temperature (8 degrees C), supporting previous indications that metabolic activity was necessary for the generation of resistance. Alteration of the concentration of glutamine, proline, lactate or iron had little or no effect on the generation of serum resistance under the conditions used. Optimum conversion to resistance occurred at pH 6.0 to 6.5 and both non-diffusible and diffusate fractions of dialysed guinea pig serum promoted resistance. Furthermore, resistant organisms could be produced by incubation in defined medium containing the diffusate from guinea pig serum and 0.1% bovine serum albumin, a step which should facilitate identification of the resistance promoting factor. PMID- 6798161 TI - Genetic and biochemical properties of thialysine-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Three groups of lysine-excreting, thialysine-resistant mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were derived from the wild-type strain (X2180) by mutagenic treatment and selected on the basis of a cross-feeding assay. Mutants MNNG2-9, MNNG2-27, MNNG2-39 and MNNG2-62 (group 1) exhibited a 2:2 segregation for thialysine resistance following mating with a wild-type strain and a lower than wild-type lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity; the thialysine-resistant phenotype was dominant in specific hybrids. Mutant MNNG2-2 (group II) was similar to group I mutants except that the thialysine-resistant phenotype was recessive in the hybrid. Mutant MNNG3-142 (group III) exhibited an irregular ratio of segregation of thialysine resistance and a significantly lower lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity; the thialysine-resistant phenotype was recessive in the hybrid. The growth of both group I and group III mutants was temperature-sensitive. The thialysine resistant mutants exhibited pleiotropic properties including the increased production and excretion of lysine, thermosensitive growth and an impairment of lysyl-tRNA synthetase activity. PMID- 6798162 TI - Kinetics of growth of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis on Escherichia coli. AB - The growth of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis on non-growing Escherichia coli has been studied by following the time courses of population densities and protozoan mean cell volume in batch cultures. Viable, non-encysted protozoa always stopped feeding before the bacterial density was reduced to zero and non feeding ciliates tended to swim faster than feeding ciliates. In addition, the number of bacteria and other particles of bacterial size consumed in the formation of one new ciliate, when averaged over the lag and reproductive phases of a culture, declined toward a limiting value of about 1.6 x 10(4) particles per ciliate as the initial density of such particles was increased. PMID- 6798163 TI - Intergeneric cosynthesis of penicillin by strains of Penicillium chrysogenum, P. chrysogenum/notatum and Aspergillus nidulans. AB - A number of mutants impaired in penicillin production have previously been isolated from Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus nidulans. During cofermentation of osmotically fragile mycelia derived from these strains, in the presence of inhibitors of cell wall regeneration, intergeneric cosynthesis has been demonstrated between mutants which are probably impaired in different parts of th penicillin biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 6798164 TI - Molecular origin of transducing DNA in bacteriophage SPP1. AB - Transducing particles produced by bacteriophage SPP1 infection of Bacillus subtilis were separated from plaque-forming units by CsCl density-gradient centrifugation. The density in CsCl of DNA isolated from such purified transducing particles was similar to that of bacterial DNA, indicating that the transducing particles probably contain DNA of exclusively bacterial origin. Bacterial DNA synthesized after infection of the donor culture was also encapsulated in the transducing particles. The number of transducing particles was at least 10 times higher than that of the transductants. PMID- 6798165 TI - Involvement of menaquinone in the active accumulation of aminoglycosides by Bacillus subtilis. AB - Accumulation of aminoglycoside antibiotics by bacteria requires energy, and it appears that this must be derived from electron transport occurring within the cytoplasmic membrane. Dependence of aminoglycoside accumulation on cellular menaquinone content was examined using a menaquinone auxotroph of bacillus subtilis. This dependence manifested itself only when the menaquinone concentration was decreased to less than 10% of normal. The restricted aminoglycoside accumulation observed under these conditions was closely correlated with susceptibility to growth inhibition by the antibiotics. Evidence of saturation of the accumulation system was observed at low menaquinone concentrations, an effect not seen when menaquinone deficiency was relieved by supplying adequate shikimic acid (a menaquinone precursor) to the auxotroph. Lipophilic quinones may play two roles in aminoglycoside accumulation by bacteria: (i) as a binding site or part of a carrier complex: and (ii) as a crucial component of the electron transport system in maintaining the proton electrochemical gradient. PMID- 6798166 TI - Immunodiffusion studies of some Nocardia strains. AB - Forty-three strains of Nocardia, one of Actinomadura and two of Nocardiopsis were studied using the comparative immunodiffusion technique. Three reference precipitation systems were employed: one represented Nocardia asteroides N10, one N. asteroides ATCC 19247, and one N. otitidis-caviarum ATCC 14629. One tight cluster was formed by the N. otitidis-caviarum strains and another tight cluster was formed by some of the N. asteroides strains studied. However, other strains of N. asteroides were distinct from the latter cluster. Furthermore, N. asteroides ATCC 19247, which is the type strain, differed from most ot the N. asteroides strains tested. Strains of the species N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis, N. farcinica and N. otitidis-caviarum were found to be closely related, while N. amarae strains differed slightly from this group. The strains referred to Actinomadura and Nocardiopsis were clearly distinct from the three Nocardia reference strains; nevertheless, three antigens common to these genera were revealed. PMID- 6798167 TI - the involvement of Nitric Oxide in the inhibition of the phosphoroclastic system in Clostridium sporogenes by sodium nitrite. AB - The phosphoroclastic system was demonstrated in cell-free extracts of clostridium sporogenes by the production of carbon dioxide, acetyl phosphate, ATP and reduced NAD in the presence of pyruvate. The kinetics of acetyl phosphate production and NAD reduction were investigated. The addition of sodium nitrite to a suspension of C. sporogenes in glucose medium resulted in a rapid decrease in intracellular ATP concentration which was accompanied by an accumulation of pyruvate in the medium. This accumulation of pyruvate was caused by inhibition of phosphoroclastic system by nitrate. Nitrite inhibits this system by reaction of nitric oxide, formed from nitrate, with the non-haem iron of pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. PMID- 6798168 TI - Serial propagation of astrovirus in tissue culture with the aid of trypsin. AB - Astrovirus could be serially passed at least 13 times in primary human embryo kidney (HEK) cells when 10 micrograms/ml of crystalline trypsin was incorporated in a serum-free maintenance medium. In the presence of trypsin the virus was also passed and adapted to a continuous line of rhesus monkey kidney cells (LLCMK2) and primary baboon kidney (PBK) cells in which it was passed 25 and 16 times respectively, without evidence of diminishing infectivity. Attempts to adapt the virus to other cell lines (Vero, Hep II, MRC-5, BHK and HRT-18) were unsuccessful. After 11 passages in HEK cells, a titration of virus grown in different concentrations of trypsin showed that virus propagation was still trypsin-dependent. PMID- 6798169 TI - Length of stay of psychiatric patients. A critical review and discussion. AB - In this paper, length of stay for psychiatric inpatients (LOS) is discussed in terms of controlled studies of hospitalization, research on patient factors contributing to LOS, and variation in mean or median LOS between institutions and within units. Although the multiplicity of variables involved precludes ready generalization, it can be said that open-ended hospital stays, above 28 days, have not been demonstrated to improve outcomes. However, the complexity of specific circumstances makes it unrealistic to impose rigid uniform standards within or across units. Medically managed units with a director as the locus of decision making may be in a better position to control LOS. Research into relationships between different treatment milieus and outcomes for specific diagnoses is suggested as a promising avenue for further research into cost effectiveness of hospitalization. PMID- 6798170 TI - Interspecies comparison of brain ganglioside patterns studied by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. AB - Brain gangliosides from four vertebrate classes (fish, amphibia, aves, and mammalia) were studied by patterns generated with the use of two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. In an effort to retain possible alkalilabile gangliosides, samples were not base-hydrolyzed. Resultant chromatograms revealed complex patterns of the major known gangliosides and a number of minor and trace molecular species previously unresolved. More than 30 resorcinol-positive components were detected in mammalian neural samples. Our data indicate both qualitative and quantitative differences in the chromatogram patterns between the vertebrate classes, but potentially greater qualitative similarity exists between the lower and higher classes than has previously been noted. PMID- 6798171 TI - Cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism in cat cerebral cortex after experimental concussive brain injury. AB - Previous studies have suggested that following experimental fluid percussion brain injury, increased prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, with its concomitant production of oxygen free radicals, causes functional and morphological abnormalities of the cerebral arterioles. The purpose of this study was to chemically determine if PGs are altered following this injury. To facilitate interpretation of neurochemical measurements the cats were ventilated, blood pressure was measured, and a cranial window, for microscopic observation of pial arteriolar diameter was inserted. PG levels were determined in quick-frozen cortical tissue removed from control and 3 groups of injured cats at 1.5, 8,0, and 60 min after injury. Analysis of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was performed by HPLC and GC/MS. The control levels of PGE2, PGF2 alpha, and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were 216 +/- 44, 210 +/- 48, and 48 +/- 12 ng/g wet weight, respectively. Following injury, produced by a 22 ms increase in intracranial pressure, the pial arterioles dilated irreversibly and a transient hypertensive response occurred, thereby producing hyperemia. During the maximum hyperemic response, the total PGs were 75% of control. At 8 min after injury, when blood pressure returned to control level, the PGs were 158% of control and PGs fell to 111% of control at 60 min. These experiments supported our previous studies implicating increased PG synthesis in te genesis of the physiologic and morphologic sequelae of experimental concussive brain injury. PMID- 6798172 TI - Enhancement of the muscarinic synaptosomal phospholipid labeling effect by the ionophore A23187. AB - Addition of either acetylcholine (ACh) or the ionophore A23187 to synaptopsomes resulted in a selective stimulation of 32Pi incorporation into phosphatidate (PhA) and phosphatidylinositol (PhI), while the labeling of phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PhIP) and phosphatidylinositol diphosphate (PHIP2) was reduced. The inclusion of both ACh and A23187 resulted in a synergistic increase in PhA and PhI labeling, and a synergistic decrease in the labeling of the polyphosphoinositides. Added calcium was not required, although inclusion of EGTA prevented the alterations in lipid labeling. The enhanced labeling of PhA and PhI by ACh or A23187 was not the result of either an increase in the radioactivity of the precursor [32P]ATP pool, or increased de novo synthesis of these lipids as judged from the incorporation of [3H]glycerol, [3H]glucose or [3H]myo-inositol. The synergistic alterations in PhA, PhI, and polyphosphoinositide labeling were observed with ionophore only in the presence of selected muscarinic agonists, and with the inclusion of atropine or scopolamine the labeling reverted to a value which approximated that seen with the ionophore alone. Synergistic effects on phospholipid labeling with muscarinic agonists were also obtained with the calcium ionophore, ionomycin, but not with X537A, monensin, or valinomycin. Neither the apparent number of muscarinic receptors present, nor their affinity for the ligand were altered by the presence of A23187. In prelabeling experiments, A23187 accelerated the loss of [32P]label from PhIP and PhIP2, and the rate of loss was further augmented by the addition of ACh. Neither agent produced comparable effects on the breakdown of prelabeled PhA or PhI. It is suggested that phosphodiesteratic cleavage of the polyphosphoinositides might account for both the decrease in labeled PhIP and PhIP2 and increased labeling of PhA and PhI via the availability of resultant diglyceride. In any event, the results demonstrate that the turnover of polyphosphoinositides, in addition to that of PhA and PhI, is linked to the activation of muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6798173 TI - Hypothalamic and medullary lesions caused by an aliphatic triamine unrelated to goldthioglucose. AB - A single subcutaneous injection of 3.3'-methyliminobis-(N-methylpropylamine) caused edema and necrosis in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata of rats, mice, and gerbils. Most other aliphatic triamines were ineffective. The lesions were very similar in character and distribution to those caused by goldthioglucose or bipiperidyl mustard. When compared to closely-related analogs, the biological activity of each of these three compounds is determined by a highly specific chemical structure, yet they have no structural similarities to each other. These data cast doubt on the theory that goldthioglucose causes lesions and, eventually, obesity by binding to a hypothalamic glucoreceptor. Alternatively, the localization of brain damage in hypothalamus and medulla has been attributed to proximity to median eminence and area postrema, and to the lack of a blood-brain barrier in the latter structures. This theory is supported by our finding that artificial disruption of blood-brain barrier in the cerebral cortex induced the localization of necrosis from the triamine in that area. Furthermore, these experiments provide evidence for the role of ischemia in the development of necrotic triamine-induced lesions. PMID- 6798174 TI - Bioavailability of nickel in man: effects of foods and chemically-defined dietary constituents on the absorption of inorganic nickel. AB - By serial determination of the change in plasma nickel concentration following a standard dose of 22.4 mg of nickel sulfate hexahydrate containing 5 mg of elemental nickel, the bioavailability of nickel was estimated in human subjects. Plasma nickel concentration was stable in the fasting state and after an unlabeled test meal, but after the standard dose of nickel in water was elevated 48.8, 73.0, 80.0, and 53.3 microgram/1, respectively, at hours 1, 2, 3, and 4. Plasma nickel did not rise above fasting levels when 5 mg of nickel was added to two standard meals: a typical Guatemalan meal and a North American breakfast. When 5 mg of nickel was added to five beverages-whole cow milk, coffee, tea, orange juice, and Coca Cola-the rise in plasma nickel was significantly suppressed with all but Coca Cola. Response to nickel also was suppressed in the presence of 1 g of ascorbic acid. Phytic acid in a 2:1 molar ratio with nickel, however, did not affect the rise in plasma nickel. The chelate of iron and ethylenediaminetetraacetate, NaFeEDTA, an iron-fortifying agent suggested for application in Central America, slightly but not significantly depressed plasma nickel rise at 2 hours, whereas disodium EDTA depressed plasma nickel levels significantly below the fasting nickel curve at 3 and 4 hours postdose. These studies suggest that the differential responses of inorganic nickel to distinct foods, beverages, and chemically-defined dietary constituents could be important to human nutrition. PMID- 6798175 TI - Calmodulin-like function of calcium-binding protein in bovine milk. PMID- 6798176 TI - Are routine spine films on workers in industry cost- or risk-benefit effective? PMID- 6798177 TI - Animal models of intra-oral chemical carcinogenesis: a review. AB - Early attempts to induce malignant oral tumours were largely unsuccessful, as the oral mucosa is considerably more resistant to the actions of chemical carcinogens than skin. The first consistent success came when strong carcinogens were applied to the hamster cheek pouch. This model remains the most popular for studies of intra-oral carcinogenesis and is discussed at length. The advantages and disadvantages are critically reviewed. The models of intra-oral carcinogenesis in extra-pouch sites in the hamster, mouse, rat and nonhuman primates are considered. The possible reasons for the relative resistance of oral mucosa to chemical carcinogens are discussed, particularly in relation to portals of entry and saliva. Finally, the relative merits of the more popular models of intra-oral carcinogenesis are briefly discussed. PMID- 6798178 TI - Variations in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ration during epithelial differentiation in experimental oral carcinogenesis. AB - An increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio is one of the cytological features of epithelial atypia taken into account when the histopathologist subjectively assesses whether an epithelial lesion is likely to become malignant. The present work evaluates this ratio ultrastructurally in the DMBA-treated hamster cheek pouch model with a view to assessing whether alterations of this feature represent a valid indicator of malignant transformation. Following DMBA treatment, lesions obtained were assigned to three defined histopathological categories, namely epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Untreated pouches served as controls. Electron micrographs were obtained of basal, spinous and granular layer cells from each of these categories and the N/C ratio was evaluated using stereological point counting techniques. The results indicated that progressive decreases in the ratio occurred in all pathological stages during differentiation (i.e., between basal and granular cells). During carcinogenesis there was a tendency for the ratios to decrease in each cell layer but significant differences were not detected between normal and premalignant lesions. PMID- 6798179 TI - Bacterial bone resorption in noma (gangrenous stomatitis). AB - Bone resorption (gangrenous stomatitis) was found to be associated with extensive bacterial colonization of mandibular bone in three separate cases of noma. Light and electron microscopy revealed a heterogeneous bacterial population with a long, filamentous, Gram-positive organism predominantly in direct contact with the resorbing bone front. The bone was completely denuded and no osteoclastic activity was observed. The highly regular arrangement of the filamentous organism along the resorbing bone and the absence of osteoclastic activity suggested that bone resorption in noma is mediated by bacterial action. PMID- 6798180 TI - Comparison of epithelial dysplasia in hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis and human oral mucosa. PMID- 6798181 TI - Cytoplasmic crystalloids in irradiated rat parotid glands. AB - Cytoplasmic crystalloids were found in parotid acinar cells of rats given a large (6400 R) single exposure of X-rays to the head and neck. The crystalloids were first observed 1 day after irradiation and became numerous at 3-4 days. They were associated with autophagic vacuoles, which were seen in acinar cells as early as 3-6 h. Crystalloids sometimes appeared to be forming within autophagic vacuoles, which also contained membranous residues and apparently degenerating secretory material. They were bounded by a single smooth membrane and had a substructure consisting of dense, parallel longitudinal striations. They crystalloids were also seen in macrophages associated with the basal surface of acinar cells. At 3 4 days macrophages were numerous and many contained crystalloids, degenerated secretory droplets, and other cellular debris, which they apparently had phagocytosed. By 6-8 days crystalloids and macrophages were seen infrequently. Regarding mode of formation, removal by macrophages, and ultrastructure, the crystalloids resembled those described by others after ethionine intoxication. Ethionine-induced crystalloids have cytochemical characteristics consistent with a lysosomal identity. The crystalloids in irradiated parotid glands probably reflect a variant type of lysosome, which is a nonspecific manifestation of severe cellular injury and can be elicited by a variety of injurious agents. PMID- 6798182 TI - Comparison of the ultrastructure of a malignant tumor of the mandible containing giant cells with Paget's disease of bone. AB - Distinction between lesions of the jaws containing giant cells can be difficult. This study reports the results of the study of the ultrastructure of 30 patients with Paget's disease in comparison with a patient diagnosed as having malignant giant cell tumor of the mandible. The ultrastructure of the malignant giant cell tumor of the mandible was found to contain nuclear inclusions morphologically identical with the 12-15 nm tubules characteristic of the nuclei of osteoclasts in Paget's disease of bone. No clinical or laboratory signs of Paget's disease was found in this patient. A search of the literature failed to produce reports of identical nuclear inclusions in soft tissue giant cell tumors, osteosarcomas, reparative granulomas containing giant cells or in osteitis fibrosa cystica. Such nuclear inclusions have been reported in benign giant cell tumors of bone, one another in malignant giant cell tumor and cases of polymyositis. These observations raise the question of a possible virus associated with the tumor since there are recent reports of immunological evidence for the presence of a virus in Paget's disease, and viruses have been suspected in polymyositis. PMID- 6798183 TI - Intraoral adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6798184 TI - Saliva-induced aggregation of micro-organisms from skin, tooth surfaces, oral mucosa, and rectum. AB - A total of 57 bacterial strains were isolated from tooth surfaces, oral mucosa, skin of the upper lip, and rectum of 3 persons. Identification of the strains indicated that each type of surface had a characteristic microflora. Aggregation of bacterial suspensions, induced by salivary agglutinins, was measured spectrophotometrically as the decrease in optical density (OD) by time. The aggregation curves for the oral strains followed a sigmoid pattern. The aggregation rates varied between individuals and strains. Most fecal strains showed an aggregation pattern which differed from that of the oral strains and was characterized by only a small, initial decrease in OD. The few strains, mainly Propionibacterium strains, collected from the skin of the upper lip did not aggregate. It appears from the data that several mechanisms are involved in the retention of bacteria to surfaces. PMID- 6798185 TI - An evaluation of the specificity of salivary agglutinins. AB - Four bacterial strains collected from tooth surface, oral buccal mucosa, skin of the upper lip, and rectum were used to evaluate the specificity of salivary agglutinins. A saliva sample was absorbed with each of the strains, and the remaining supernatants were tested for agglutinin activity against all strains. The effect of concanavalin A and pH on the S. mutans and S. mitior agglutinins was studied. The conclusion was drawn that the agglutinins for the S. mutans and S. mitior strains differed but that the S. mitior strain rested carried a receptor site for the S. mutans agglutinin without becoming agglutinated. The S. mutans agglutinin seems to have either unsubstituted mannopyranosyl or N acetylated glucopyranosyl residues as structural components. PMID- 6798186 TI - Effect of calcium on reactions between a salivary agglutinin and a serotype c strain of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Using a serotype c strain of Streptococcus mutans we found that the agglutinating activity could be quantitatively absorbed, and desorbed from the micro-organisms by a phosphate buffer. The desorbed agglutinin was found to be inactive in the absence of calcium. Calcium alone did not induce aggregation. At 0.1 mM calcium most of the activity was regained. Other cations could not substitute for calcium. On a molecular basis the ratio between calcium and agglutinin or bacteria is high, in the order of 10(7) and 10(4) respectively. PMID- 6798187 TI - Changes in periodontal fibre organization in mature bone/tooth isografts in mice. AB - Mature mouse mandibular third molars together with their periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone were isografted to two heterotopic sites: the renal subcapsular site and the tibial shaft medulla. The pulps and periodontal ligaments of the grafts underwent cellular degeneration after transplantation but demonstrated signs of revascularization and cellular repopulation 7 days after transplantation. Grafts obtained at 28, 60 and 100 days after transplantation demonstrated a significant decrease in the width of the periodontal ligament, a decrease in the number and organization of mature periodontal fibre bundles, the appearance of fibers arranged parallel with the root surface and a decrease in the thickness of surrounding alveolar bone. These regressive changes in the periodontal ligament were considered to be due primarily to the nonfunctional status of the teeth at the two heterotopic sites. PMID- 6798188 TI - Development of rampant dental caries, and composition of plaque fluid and saliva in irradiated primates. AB - Co-60 gamma irradiation of the salivary glands of Macaca mulata monkeys fed a cariogenic diet led to the rapid onset of dental caries resembling that in irradiated human patients. Plaque fluid and saliva were sampled from irradiated monkeys, nonirradiated controls and a group of animals fed a noncariogenic diet in order to look for changes which might occur in inorganic composition related to the caries development and to dietary differences. Salivary calcium and phosphate levels were not markedly changed after irradiation: iodide levels were raised, while thiocyanate levels fell. In plaque fluid, calcium concentrations were not affected by irradiation, but were higher in animals fed a noncariogenic diet. Phosphate levels were higher with a cariogenic diet and further increased in irradiated animals. Magnesium levels were occasionally higher than those of calcium. Other differences in plaque fluid composition may be related to secondary effects of the concomitant gingival disease. The results do not point clearly at a specific change in the quality of the saliva produced by the residual gland tissue after irradiation which precipitates the rampant caries. It is more likely that the great reduction in the quantity of saliva with its protective constituents is responsible. PMID- 6798190 TI - Ossifying angioma: an unusual mandibular lesion in an infant. PMID- 6798189 TI - The presence and distribution of carcinoembryonic antigen in tumors of human minor salivary glands. AB - Using an immunoperoxidase method we have demonstrated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in more than half of a series of 62 tumors of minor salivary glands. CEA was present in both benign and malignant tumors. Its presence was related mainly to the formation of well differentiated ductal tissue in the neoplasms rather than to the histologic type of tumor. Although of only limited diagnostic value, the histologic presence of CEA in a particular tumor may indicate the possibility of postoperative monitoring of saliva and plasma, particularly where residual tumor, metastases or recurrences are considered likely. PMID- 6798191 TI - [IgA-kappa type extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pharynx; a case report. Part 1: Immunological studies and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798192 TI - Effects of some hypolipidemic drugs on biochemical values and on hepatic peroxisomal enzymes of normolipemic rat. AB - Effects of vitamin B2-butyrate, nicomol, ML-236B, KF 1492 and pantethine, which are hypolipidemic drugs, on biochemical values and on hepatic peroxisomal enzymes of normolipemic rat. 1) Vitamin B2-butyrate (100 mg/kg) and nicomol (lg/Kg) increased carnitine acetyltransferase and D-amino acid oxidase activities, respectively, while these drugs had no influence on body weight, liver weight, serum and liver triglyceride, and serum and liver cholesterol levels. 2) ML-236B (300 mg/kg) had no influence on biochemical values and on activities of peroxisomal enzymes containing catalase. 3) KF 1492 (300 mg/kg) had no influence on the biochemical values, but an increase in the activities of fatty acyl-CoA oxidizing system (FAOS) and carnitine acetyltransferase (CAT) participating hepatic lipid metabolism was observed. 4) Pantethine (lg/kg) had no influence on the biochemical values, except a little decrease in the growth rate. However, increase by about 10% in the activities of urate oxidase and D-amino acid oxidase was observed. Catalase activity was decreased to 60% of control level. From these results, it is concluded that, in contrast to clofibrate, vitamin B2-butyrate, nicomol, ML-236B, KF 1492 and pantethine have little influence on the lipid metabolism of normolipemic animal and on the hepatic peroxisomal enzymes, indicating that the action mechanism of these drugs may be different from that of clofibrate and that the participation of hepatic peroxisomes in hypolipidemic activities of these drugs may be little if any. PMID- 6798193 TI - Influence of the method of application on pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin from ointment in humans. AB - A study was designed to test the influence of surface area on the percutaneous absorption of nitroglycerin from a commercial ointment formulation, using a simple crossover design. On separate occasions, three volunteers were given 16 mg of nitroglycerin (2%) over a 25- and 100-cm2 area. Plasma nitroglycerin concentration was measured at 30, 45, 60, and 90 min using a sensitive capillary GLC-electron-capture detection method capable of quantitating to 150 pg/ml. Plasma concentrations at all times increased at least twofold with the increased surface area; highest observed concentrations were 0.17 and 0.41 ng/ml, respectively. A fourth volunteer received 16 and 32 mg of nitroglycerin over 100 cm2. Doubling the dose increased the 0-90-min AUC by only 76% but caused a 3.5 fold increase in the 90-min plasma concentration. These results suggest that the surface area of application significantly influences the pharmacokinetics of nitroglycerin ointment. PMID- 6798194 TI - pH and temperature dependence of glutamine uptake, carbon dioxide and ammonia production in kidney slices from acidotic rats. AB - 1. The effects of medium pH and temperature on glutamine uptake, NH3 production and CO2 production were examined using kidney cortex slices from normal and acidotic rats. 2. Uptake of glutamine by kidney slices from normal rats shows a pH optimum of 7.5 at 25 degrees C and 7.3 at 37 degrees C. Uptake is optimal, however, at a constant OH-/H+ ratio of 10. 3. In slices from acidotic rats greatest uptake was at pH 6.8 at 25 degrees C and 6.6 at 37 degrees C. Optimal OH /H+ ratio was 0.4 and constant at both temperatures. 4. CO2 production from glutamine was greatest at pH 7.0 at 37 degrees C in slices from control rats. No pH optimum was detected at 25 degrees C. With slices from acidotic animals, optimal pH for CO2 production became identical with that for uptake. 5. Both basal and glutamine-stimulated NH3 production showed no optimal pH but were significantly higher in slices from acidotic rats compared with those from controls. 6. Dependence of glutamine penetration on optimal OH-/H+ ratio is considered to reflect a general membrane phenomenon which is produced by either an increase in carrier-substrate complexes or an increase in the number of carriers at this ratio. 7. Cellular penetration of glutamine does not appear to be a limiting factor in production of NH3 in vitro. PMID- 6798195 TI - Changes in activity of vagal bronchopulmonary C fibres by chemical and physical stimuli in the cat. AB - 1. In eighteen anaesthetized cats, action potentials in non-myelinated vagal afferent neurones were recorded in the nodose ganglion by means of extracellular micro-electrodes. 2. The pulmonary or bronchial origin of these C fibres was assessed in closed chest preparations by injecting phenyl diguanide into either the right atrium or the ascending aorta (bronchial circulation). This was confirmed in two animals by local mechanical stimulation. 3. Eighty per cent of bronchopulmonary C fibres increased their discharge frequency when the end-tidal CO2 concentration (FA,CO2) increased from 0.02 to 0.10. Most of these C endings showed a maximal response when FA,CO2 reached 0.04. For the others a further increase in discharge occurred when CO2 concentration reached 0.08-0.10. Continuous measurement of C fibre discharge frequency indicated that they detected preferentially changes in the inspired CO2 content, but adapted when a high CO2 level was maintained. Their activation by hypercapnia was followed by an increase in lung resistance. 4. Lowering the O2 content of the inspired gas had no effect on the spontaneous activity of bronchopulmonary C endings. 5. When the stroke volume of the pump was doubled, the spontaneous activity of bronchopulmonary C fibres decreased in intact chest preparations. Inflation of the lungs had the opposite effect after the chest was opened. In both cases hyperdeflation was a potent stimulus to these receptors. 6. In tracheotomized cats, the tracheal temperature was 28-29 degrees C. When normal thermal conditions were restored in the tracheal lumen (33-34 degrees C) the spontaneous discharge frequency of some bronchial C fibres was greatly increased. 7. It is concluded that the spontaneous activity of most of the bronchial or pulmonary C fibres was maximal when chemical and physical physiological conditions were restored in the lungs. It appears that changes in alveolar CO2 concentration constitute the usual stimulus for these fibres. PMID- 6798196 TI - Effect of arterial [H+] on threshold PCO2 of the respiratory system in vagotomized and carotid sinus nerve denervated cats. AB - Phrenic nerve discharges were recorded as an output of respiratory activity in anaesthetized, vagotomized cats immobilized by gallamine and artificially ventilated with room air. 2. With the carotid sinus nerve (c.s.n.) intact or denervated, PcO2 threshold levels (Pth, CO2) were determined at arterial pH, varied between 7.0 and 7.6 ([H+] 25-100 nM) by successive intravenous infusions of 0.5 N-HCl or 1.0 M-NaHCO3. Ventilation was increased stepwise to induce a successive decrease in end-tidal PCO2. Pth, CO2 was defined as the level of end tidal PCO2 at which phrenic discharges ceased. 3. With the c.s.n. intact, Pth, CO2 decreased linearly upon increasing arterial [H+]. The mean regression line, calculated from seven cats, was Pth, CO2 =-0.37 [H+] + 34.33. A similar inverse relationship was observed with the c.s.n. denervated. However, the slope of the regression line was significantly smaller, the mean regression line/eleven cats) being Pth,CO2 =-0.18 [H+]+ 35.06. 4. The relative contributions of arterial [H+] and PCO2 in stimulating the peripheral and central chemoreceptors could be estimated quantitatively. Arterial [H+] appears to be almost equally effective on both peripheral and central chemoreceptors; PCO2 acts exclusively on the central chemoreceptors. 5. Thus, the additive theory regarding the induction of respiratory activity by arterial [H+] and PCO2 was confirmed. In addition, the H+ drive was shown to be able to affect respiratory activity even in the absence of the peripheral chemoreceptors. PMID- 6798197 TI - Passive potassium transport in low potassium sheep red cells: dependence upon cell volume and chloride. AB - The major pathway of passive K influx (ouabain-insensitive) was characterized in low-K type (LK) red cells of sheep. 1. Passive K transport in these cells was highly sensitive to variations in cell volume; it increased threefold or more in cells swollen osmotically by 10%, and decreased up to twofold in cells shrunken 5 10%. Active K influx was insensitive to changes in cell volume. Three different methods for varying cell volume osmotically all gave similar results. 2. The volume-sensitive pathway was specific for K in that Na influx did not vary with changes in cell volume. 3. The volume-sensitive K influx was a saturable function of external K concentration. It was slightly inhibited by Na, whereas K influx in shrunken cells was unaffected by Na. 4. Passive K influx was dependent on the major anion in the medium in that replacement of Cl with any of six other anions resulted in a reduction of K influx by 50-80% (replacement of Cl by Br caused an increase in K influx). The activation of K influx by Cl followed sigmoid kinetics. 5. Passive K influx is inhibited by anti-L antibody. The antibody affected only that portion of influx which was Cl-dependent and volume-sensitve. Of the subfractions of the antibody, it is anti-L1 which inhibits passive K transport. 6. Pretreatment of cells with iodoacetamide reduced the sensitivity of K influx to cell volume in that the influx was reduced in swollen IAA-treated cells and increased in shrunken IAA-cells. 7. Intracellular Ca has no role in altering passive K transport in LK sheep cells. Therefore, the major pathway of passive K transport in LK sheep red cells is sensitive to changes in cell volume, specific for K, dependent on Cl, and inhibited by anti-L1 antibody, The minor pathway, observed in shrunken cells, has none of these properties. PMID- 6798198 TI - Alterations of myocardial capillary permeability by albumin in the isolated, perfused rabbit heart. AB - 1. Capillary permeability-surface area products for 22Na, 51Cr-EDTA (mol. wt. 357), [57Co]cyanocobalamin (mol. wt. 1353) and 125I-labelled insulin (mol. wt. approximately or equal to 6000) were measured using the single-passage, multiple tracer dilution technique in isolated rabbit hearts perfused at constant flows between 0.2 and 4.7 ml. min-1 . g-1. 2. In hearts perfused with a Krebs-Ringer solution containing bovine albumin (10 g . l . -1), the permeability-surface area products for 51Cr-EDTA and [57Co]cyanocobalamin increased as the perfusion rate increased, but reached constant values at flows above 2 ml . min-1 . g-1. For 125I-labelled insulin a diffusion-limited value of 0.06 +/- 0.02 ml . min-1 . g-1 (mean +/- S.E., n = 10) was measured at significantly lower perfusion rates. As the value for 22Na increased continuously with increments in flow, only a flow limited value could be estimated. 3. When hearts were initially perfused with albumin (10 g . l . -1) and then with an albumin-free Krebs-Ringer solution, a significant increase in the permeability-surface area for 22Na, 51Cr-EDTA and [57Co]cyanocobalamin was observed. 4. In hearts perfused with albumin capillary permeability coefficients calculated for 22Na, 51Cr-EDTA. [57Co]cyanocobalamin and 125I-labelled insulin were respectively: 10.5, 3.5, 2.1 and 0.21 x 10(-5) cm.sec-1. 5. These findings confirm that bovine albumin reduces the permeability of myocardial capillaries to hydrophilic solutes of varying molecular sizes and this effect may be the result of an interaction of albumin with the pathways for transcapillary exchange. PMID- 6798199 TI - Distinguishing transport systems having overlapping specificities for neutral and basic amino acids in the rabbit ileum. AB - 1. The kinetic parameters of lysine and alanine uptake by rabbit ileal mucosa have been measured in the presence and absence of Na. 2. Using lysine as an inhibitor of part of alanine uptake in the absence of Na it has been possible to define two mediated systems for alanine entry. One of these systems (Km 14.2 mM; Jmax 41.3 n-mole cm-2 min-1) is inhibited by lysine (Ki 0.96 mM) while the other (Km 115 mM; Jmax 323 n-mole cm-2 min-1) is not. 3. Methionine is an effective inhibitor of both Na-independent uptake mechanisms for alanine. 4. Na-independent lysine uptake also takes place through two mediated systems. One of these systems (Km 1.0 mM; Jmax 12.8 n-mole cm-2 min-1) is inhibited by alanine (Ki 4.3 mM) while the other (Km 108 mM; Jmax 194 n-mole cm-2 min-1) is not. 5. The use of a naturally occurring basic amino acid to inhibit a portion of neutral amino acid uptake extends considerably the ability to distinguish multiple acid transport systems present in the same cell membrane. The physiological implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6798200 TI - Cellular distribution of neutral and basic amino acid transport systems in rabbit ileal mucosa. AB - 1. An autoradiographic technique is described whereby the cellular location of tritiated amino acids can be determined following uptake by rabbit ileal mucosa. 2. Stirring solutions in contact with the intestinal mucosa during measurement of rapid influx changes the quantity, but not the distribution, of alanine taken up by the tissue. 3. Conditions predicted to favour either a high affinity system (Ly1) or a low affinity system (Ly2) were used to measure lysine distribution following uptake. Maximal uptake for both transport systems occurred in fully differentiated enterocytes at the tips of villi. Initial maturation of the Ly1 system, which was slow, was followed by a rapid phase of development. The Ly2 system lacked this rapid phase of late development. 4. The cellular distribution of alanine entering on a low affinity Na-independent neutral amino acid carrier closely resembles that determine for Ly1 system for lysine entry. 5. Arginine is a potent inhibitor of lysine uptake through the Ly2 system. Little or no diffusion of lysine appears to take place into rabbit ileal enterocytes. 6. The different distribution of the high and low affinity systems for lysine transport provides further support for their independent existence. It also suggests that more than one message exists fo the switching on of amino acid transport function in differentiating enterocytes. PMID- 6798201 TI - Control of canine renin release: macula densa requires prostaglandin synthesis. AB - 1. The macula densa mechanism of renin release was functionally isolated in uninephrectomized, anaesthetized dogs by producing renal denervation, beta adrenoceptor blockade, and maximum renal vasodilation with an infusion of papaverine into the renal artery. 2. A suprarenal aortic clamp was adjusted to reduce renal perfusion pressure by 50% which resulted in a 90% reduction in urinary sodium excretion and a two to threefold increase in plasma renin activity within 10 min. 3. Indomethacin (8 mg/kg) or meclofenamic acid (10 mg/kg) inhibited the rise plasma renin activity produced by the decrease in renal perfusion pressure in this model, although a comparable decrease in urinary sodium excretion was achieved. 4. We conclude that the macula densa mechanism of renin release is blocked by inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6798202 TI - Spatial spread of activation and background desensitization in toad rod outer segments. AB - 1. The spread of activation and background desensitization in rods was studied by recording membrane current from single outer segments in pieces of isolated toad retina.2. Flash sensitivity changed slightly along the outer segment, falling by about 30% from base to tip.3. When only the distal half of an outer segment was in the recording pipette, illumination of the unrecorded part elicited little or no photocurrent at the recorded part, indicating that a photoisomerization does not cause activation of the entire outer segment.4. With diffuse illumination of an outer segment fully drawn into the pipette, the intensity-response relations at fixed times were invariant in form for most of the rising phase of the flash response and were considerably steeper than the Michaelis relation. The observed relation was consistent with a model in which a photoisomerization blocks all channels over a short region of the outer segment.5. With illumination restricted to a narrow transverse slit, the intensity-response relations at fixed times were much less steep, as would be expected for a very limited longitudinal spread of activation. An upper limit for the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient of the internal transmitter was estimated to be about 3 x 10(-7) cm(2) sec(-1). This corresponds to a space constant for longitudinal spread of transmitter of about 3 mum at the time of the dim response peak.6. The time course of flash responses elicited with light positioned either on the edge or on the centre of the outer segment was very similar.7. Desensitization resulting from steady illumination by a transverse slit was also localized longitudinally. A linear desensitization parameter T, defined in Results, decayed approximately exponentially along the outer segment, on either side of the site of photoisomerization, with a space constant of about 6 mum.8. Transverse spread of desensitization was more effective than longitudinal spread.9. After turning off a dim diffuse background light, the decay of T was roughly exponential with a time constant of several seconds. From this, and the steady state space constant of 6 mum, it is estimated that the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient for a ;desensitizing substance' would also be about 10(-7) cm(2) sec(-1).10. The restricted longitudinal spread of activation and desensitization may be explained by the barrier to diffusion presented by the stacked membranous disks in the outer segment. This baffling reduces the effective longitudinal diffusion coefficient to about 1/50 that of ordinary aqueous diffusion, but it does not significantly affect transverse spread. PMID- 6798203 TI - Studies on the localization of pulmonary carbonic anhydrase in the cat. AB - 1. We considered whether some of the carbonic anhydrase of the lung is on the surface of the pulmonary capillaries so that it acts directly on plasma as it traverses the pulmonary capillaries to accelerate CO2/pH equilibration. 2. Experiments were performed on spontaneously breathing cats or saline-perfused cat lungs. 3. In intact cats, Tris buffer injected suddenly into the right atrium transiently lowered end-tidal CO2, FET, CO2. The rate of CO2 uptake came within an order of magnitude of taxing the calculated diffusing capacity of the lungs. The fall in FET, CO2 was much reduced by giving the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors benzolamide or acetazolamide intravenously, or even by adding benzolamide to the injected Tris. The fall in FET, CO2 could be increased by adding carbonic anhydrase to the injected Tris. 4. In saline-perfused lungs ventilated with 5% CO2 in O2, Tris or alkalinized albumin solution injected into the pulmonary artery transiently lowered FET, CO2 and the effect was reduced by the addition of benzolamide or acetazolamide to the injectate. Injecting Tris bubbled with 15% CO2 caused a rise in FET, CO2, also reduced by benzolamide. 5. We conclude that pulmonary carbonic anhydrase is readily accessible to large or small molecular wight buffers in the capillaries and to inhibitors, and we suggest that it is located on the luminal surface of the capillary endothelium. PMID- 6798205 TI - Ultrastructural features of Allantosoma intestinalis, a Suctorian ciliate isolated from the large intestine of the horse. AB - Allantosoma intestinalis, a suctorian ciliate isolated from the intestine of the horse, was studied utilizing light and electron optical methods. These small sausage-shaped organisms have a varying number of tentacles (between one and 14) located at each extremity of the body. The microtubular axoneme of each tentacle in cross-section consists of two files of microtubules arranged in a daisy-like configuration. Haptocysts occur in the tentacle shaft, abutted to the plasma membrane of the knob of the tentacle, and in the cell body. The haptocysts are bottle-shaped, with prominent annular striations around their midportion. The cell is covered by three membranes, an outer plasma membrane, an outer alveolar, and an inner alveolar membrane. A thin epiplasmic layer is found beneath the inner alveolar membrane, and a single row of microtubules underlies the epiplasm. The subpellicular microtubules are arranged parallel to each other forming a corset around the cell along the long axis; such a system is not characteristic of suctorians. A field of diminutive kinetosomes (each 180 mm long, max, of 15 per field), lacking cilia, was found below the cortex. The function of these prokinetosomes is unknown. A ciliated swarmer has not been observed, only the nonciliated adult. The characteristics of Allantosoma are compared with those of other suctorian genera. PMID- 6798204 TI - The location of carbonic anhydrase in relation to the blood-brain barrier at the medullary chemoreceptors of the cat. AB - 1. The role of carbonic anhydrase near the medullary chemoreceptors has been investigated in the cat. Vertebral artery injections have been used to cause abrupt changes in respiration as a result of changes in the activity of medullary chemoreceptors. 2. Injections of 100% CO2-saline were used to stimulate respiration and of Tris or alkalinized albumin solution to cause a reduction in respiration. 3. The injections gave rapid effects. We studied the effect on these of benzolamide (1-4 mg/kg i.v.) a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor which does not easily cross the blood-brain barrier and acetazolamide (50 mg/kg i.v.) an inhibitor which crosses the barrier more easily. 4. The effects of Tris were much reduced after benzolamide. Even addition of benzolamide to the injected Tris or albumin was sufficient to reduce their effects. 5. The effects of CO2-saline were reduced only after acetazolamide i.v. Whereas addition of carbonic anhydrase to injected Tris potentiated the effects on respiration, after acetazolamide this potentiation was much less marked. 6. It is concluded that carbonic anhydrase acts in the region of the medullary chemoreceptors at two sites: (a) outside the blood-brain barrier, probably at the luminal surface of the capillary endothelium, where it may act on plasma buffers, and (b) inside the barrier, in association with the chemoreceptors, where it may accelerate CO2/pH equilibration. PMID- 6798206 TI - An ultrastructural study of first- and second-generation merogony in the coccidian Sarcocystis tenella. AB - Sporocysts of the coccidian Sarcocystis tennella were originally isolated in the feces of a coyote. Sporocysts used for inoculation of lambs were obtained from experimentally infected dogs. At 14, 16, and 19 days postinoculation (DPI) of lambs with the sporocysts, various developmental stages of first-generation meronts were found within cells located between the endothelium and internal elastic membrane of mesenteric arteries. At 19, 21, and 25 DPI, second-generation merogony occurred in cells associated with capillaries and arterioles of kidney glomeruli and convoluted tubules. Meronts of both generations were bounded by a double pellicular membrane and were situated free in the host cell cytoplasm. Merozoites formed by endopolygeny that involved multiple intranuclear spindles of a single, large irregular nucleus. First-generation meronts measured 22.6 x 17.1 micrometers (19-29.7 x 7.5-24 micrometers) and contained 120-240 merozoites, which measured 7.1 x 1.6 micrometers (4.8-7.5 x 1.3-1.8 micrometers). Corresponding values for second-generation meronts were 13.2 x 9.2 micrometers (8.3-15 x 7-13.5 micrometers), 32-80, and 5.8 1.7 micrometers (5.6-6.2 x 1.4-2.2 micrometers). PMID- 6798208 TI - Demonstration and preliminary characterization of an enzyme capable of the further metabolism of the thymidine catabolite, beta-aminoisobutyric acid, in Tetrahymena pyriformis strain GL1. PMID- 6798207 TI - Early developmental stages of Sarcocystis cruzi in calf fed sporocysts from coyote feces. AB - The development of Sarcocystis cruzi was studied in an 11-day-old calf killed seven days postinoculation with 5 x 10(8) sporocysts from feces of coyotes. Uninucleate zoites were found in arteries of mesenteric lymph nodes but not in other organs. Zoites measured 4.9 x 3.0 (3.5-7.0 x 2.1-3.5) micrometers. Of the 36 zoites studied, 31 were in endothelial cells, four were in macrophages in the lumen of arteries, and one was free in the lumen of an artery. Infected endothelial cells were two to three times larger than uninfected cells. Zoites appeared structurally similar to sporozoites. The occurrence of zoites in macrophages suggests that sporozoites of Sarcocystis might use such cells to reach the site of their first merogony. PMID- 6798209 TI - Zinc deficiency in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6798210 TI - Effect of passive immunization against LH-RH on gonadotropin secretion in the ferret. AB - Administration of ovine antiserum containing antibodies against synthetic LH-RH to spayed female ferrets caused an immediate fall in plasma LH concentration and by 2 h after injection circulating levels had declined by 70--80%. A further decline of 50% was observed on Day 2, but by Day 4 a return to normal levels had begun and control values were regained on Day 6. In contrast, the fall in plasma FSH concentration was delayed, with a significant reduction being first observed on Day 2 and minimal values occurring on Day 4. Control values were regained by Day 7. The results accord with the concept that a single hypothalamic releasing factor controls the tonic secretion of both pituitary hormones. However, the slow change in FSH secretion implies that the mechanism for FSH release may be more autonomous than that for LH. PMID- 6798211 TI - In-vivo and in-vitro effects of domperidone on the release of prolactin and LH in male and female rats. AB - Domperidone at a dose of 4 mg/kg significantly raised circulating prolactin levels in male and female rats although this increase was approximately 4-fold higher in females compared with males. No effect on LH secretion was observed. This LH and prolactin responses to Gn-RH and TRH respectively were investigated with isolated perfused pituitary glands obtained from domperidone-pretreated animals. For females, the basal release of prolactin was raised by domperidone pretreatment and the responsiveness of the pituitary to Gn-RH was markedly attenuated. When domperidone was added to the perfusing media, high concentrations (100 microgram/ml) reduced both the basal and TRH-stimulated prolactin secretion from pituitaries of untreated male and female rats although lower doses (1 microgram/ml and 10 ng/ml) were ineffective in altering prolactin release. The pituitary LH responses to Gn-RH were similarly reduced by the presence of 100 microgram domperidone/ml in the medium. PMID- 6798212 TI - Distribution of blood flow in the ovary of domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus) and changes after prostaglandin F-2 alpha treatment. AB - Radioactive microspheres (14Ce- and 46Sc-labelled) were used to show that the 5 major pre-ovulatory follicles receive about half of the ovarian blood flow. A progressive increase in the blood flow to these pre-ovulatory follicles during their maturation was observed. Blood flow to the post-ovulatory follicles was low. The administration of PGF-2 alpha was followed by a consistent decrease in blood flow to the major pre-ovulatory follicles. PMID- 6798213 TI - Effect of ovariectomy on tonic gonadotrophin secretion in cyclic and post-partum dairy cows. AB - Blood collections were taken every 20 min over 12 h on 6 occasions within 1 month before and after gonadectomy of 5 cyclic and 5 post-partum dairy cows and again on one occasion 3--5 months thereafter. By 4 days after ovariectomy of the cyclic cows (i.e. 4 days after oestrus) average plasma LH values and the frequency and amplitude of pulsatile LH release had increased about 3-fold. In the cows ovariectomized 4 days after parturition, mean concentrations of LH, pulse frequency and amplitude rose only about 2-fold during the initial 4 days. Mean LH values were significantly lower than those of cyclic cows during the first 11 days after ovariectomy. The changes in FSH concentrations were similar to those of LH in the two groups of cows, with mean values rising about 2-fold within the first 4 days and the same frequency of pulsatile release, but the amplitude was reduced. By 3--5 months after gonadectomy, the frequency of pulsatile release in both groups of cows had decreased whereas the amplitude had increased, resulting in additionally enhanced average gonadotrophin concentrations. These findings indicate that the hypothalamo-pituitary axis of parturient dairy cows is partly refractory within the first 15 days after calving and that there is a slower acceleration of pulsatile GnRH release in cows after parturition. PMID- 6798214 TI - Effect of progesterone, administered via intravaginal rings, on serum concentrations of oestradiol, FSH, LH and prolactin in women. AB - Intravaginal rings containing progesterone were inserted on Day 5 of the cycle to 8 healthy, normally menstruating women. Blood samples were taken during Days 4- 22 of the cycle at 2--3-day intervals. The plasma progesterone levels obtained after the insertion were between 7.5 and 21 nmol/l. Four subjects showed no increase in plasma oestradiol concentrations. The subjects showing increased plasma oestradiol levels also showed a positive feedback on LH, resulting in ovulation or an LH peak. The results suggest that progesterone may have a local inhibitory effect on the follicular oestradiol production. PMID- 6798215 TI - The use of prophylactic antibiotics in cesarean section. A review of the literature. PMID- 6798216 TI - Vitiated air: a Victorian villain? PMID- 6798218 TI - Significance of bicarbonate for antiarrhythmic drug action. PMID- 6798217 TI - Effects of glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide fixation on the osmotic properties of lung cells. AB - The osmotic properties of lung cells have been tested before and after perfusion fixation of isolated, perfused lungs with either glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide. The testing procedure was to add hypertonic sucrose to the perfusate for several minutes and monitor the lung weight response (an 'osmotic transient'). Each lung was perfused with one or the other fixative solutions for 10 min, then the perfusate was changed back to Ringer-lactate before the post fixation test was conducted. The results indicate that osmium tetroxide makes the cell membranes as permeable to sucrose as to water, and that sucrose thus causes no osmotic volume change. Glutaraldehyde, on the other hand, apparently preserves the impermeability of the cell membranes to sucrose, but the osmotic volume response is attenuated, indicating that significant changes in the cells have occurred. PMID- 6798219 TI - Aggregation of sponge cells: immunological characterization of the species specific Geodia aggregation factor. AB - Antibodies were raised against the purified aggregation factor from Geodia cydonium in order to clarify its function during cell aggregation in the homologous and heterologous system. These antibodies inhibited only cell aggregation in the homologous Geodia system and were inactive in the heterologous Tethya lyncurium system. These findings directly indicated that the species specific reaggregation of sponge cells was initiated by the soluble aggregation factor as already assumed in earlier studies. The amount of neutralizing antibodies was determined by a precipitation reaction with the antigen in capillaries and by microdiffusion. By using the latter technique we got evidence that the Geodia aggregation factor contained a component that was antigenetically related to a galactose-specific lectin present in Geodia cydonium. PMID- 6798220 TI - Influence of triiodothyronine on the amino acid uptake of brain and spinal cord in normal and spinal hemisected adult rats. AB - The thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and L-thyroxine appear to enhance regeneration in the peripheral and central nervous system (CNS). The following experiments examine possible metabolic substrates for the action of T3 on the adult rat CNS after spinal hemisection. The protein incorporation of (3H)lysine after a left spinal hemisection (T2) or control operations was examined 1, 3, 7, and 14 days postoperation. Triiodothyronine (1 microgram/kg body weight in a bicarbonate buffer) was injected daily for the postoperation or equivalent time period. One hour prior to decapitation, animals were given a subcutaneous injection of 200 microCi of (3H)lysine. Samples of brain and spinal cord were dissolved, and the radioactivity of acid-precipitable protein and acid-soluble fractions were determined by scintillation counting. T3 treatment influenced the general levels of incorporation of all treated groups over all days postoperation. Specific effects were observed in spinal hemisected T3-treated animals. A significant hemispheric (P less than 0.05) asymmetry was present at 3 days postoperation with the right somatomotor cortex higher in protein radioactivity than the left. In spinal cord, the area of the lesion and areas just caudal to the lesion were higher in (3H)lysine incorporation in T3-treated rats relative to controls. T3 effects appear to involve an increased sensitivity of the cells of the injured nervous system to the hormone. PMID- 6798221 TI - Nitroprusside and nitroglycerine in patients with posttraumatic pulmonary failure. AB - Pulmonary artery pressure is frequently elevated in patients with post-traumatic pulmonary dysfunction. To ascertain whether or not this increase is reversible and what effects such reversal would have on gas exchange, the vasodilators nitroprusside and nitroglycerine were administered to 11 such patients. Pulmonary hemodynamics an gas exchange were observed. Mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance decreased and pulmonary shunt increased. Cardiac output did not change. These results imply that much of the increase in pulmonary artery pressure is due to a reversible restriction of blood flow past unventilated alveoli. Hypoxic vasoconstriction is postulated to be a major cause of the increase in pulmonary artery pressure. PMID- 6798222 TI - What is the weanling's dilemma? PMID- 6798223 TI - Severe protein-energy malnutrition in Kuala Lumpur. PMID- 6798226 TI - Nephrogenic adenoma: clinical features and therapeutic considerations. AB - Nephrogenic adenoma is a benign metaplastic lesion that usually responds to endoscopic treatment. Although occasionally it has been present simultaneously with another malignancy there has been no evidence that a nephrogenic adenoma has ever transformed into a carcinoma. The symptoms of a nephrogenic adenoma can be severe but these lesions can be treated with transurethral surgery. The lesions can occur throughout the bladder and in the urethra. They usually are associated with trauma to the urothelium. Postoperative followup is needed because these lesions tend to have a symptomatic recurrence. An increased awareness of nephrogenic adenoma by urologists and pathologists may lead to its more frequent diagnosis. PMID- 6798224 TI - The ciliary junction: a unique membrane specialization in the ciliate, Glaucoma ferox. PMID- 6798225 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage phi PLS27-lipopolysaccharide interactions. AB - We investigated the phi PLS27 receptor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by analyzing a resistant mutant. This mutant, which was designated AK1282, had the most defective LPS yet reported for a P. aeruginosa rough mutant; this LPS contained only lipid A, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptose, and alanine as major components. In addition, this LPS lacked galactosamine, which is present in the inner core of the LPS of other rough mutants. The loss of galactosamine but only a small decrease in the alanine content indicated that the core of strain PAO LPS differed from the core structure which has been suggested for the LPS of other well-characterized P. aeruginosa strains. Our analysis also indicated that galactosamine residues may be crucial for phi PLS27 receptor activity of the LPS. Electrodialysis of LPS and conversion to salt forms (sodium or triethylamine) influenced the phage-inactivating capacity of the LPS, as did the medium in which the inactivation occurred; experiments performed in 1/10 strength broth resulted in much lower PhI50 (concentration of LPS causing a 50% decrease in the titer of phage during 1 h of incubation at 37 degrees C) values than experiments performed in regular-strength broth. Sonication of the LPS also increased the phage-inactivating capacities of the LPS preparations. PMID- 6798228 TI - Diabetes mellitus. A disease that is coming into focus. PMID- 6798227 TI - Continuous wave carbon dioxide laser treatment of giant condylomata acuminata of the distal urethra and perineum: technique. AB - We report a case of giant condylomata acuminata of the vulva and distal urethra. Complete eradication and healing were accomplished after 12 weeks, without scarring and with complete preservation of anatomic structures. Minimal postoperative discomfort was present. Our technique for vaporization of these locally aggressive and bulky lesions is described. PMID- 6798230 TI - Surgical drains. PMID- 6798229 TI - In vivo inactivation of tobramycin by ticarcillin. A case report. AB - Inactivation of tobramycin sulfate by ticarcillin disodium was observed in a patient with impaired renal function. Tobramycin elimination half-life was seven hours with concurrent ticarcillin therapy but 35 hours without ticarcillin therapy. The magnitude of change cannot be attributed to changing renal function or tobramycin accumulation. The present case demonstrates that in vivo inactivation of tobramycin by ticarcillin can substantially increase the overall tobramycin elimination rate in patients with severe renal failure; however, in patients with normal renal function such inactivation is predicted to cause little change in overall tobramycin elimination rate. PMID- 6798231 TI - Sick sinus syndrome. PMID- 6798232 TI - Age adjusted creatinine clearance in normal subjects and in patients with renal disorders. PMID- 6798233 TI - Physical working capacity of the normal Pakistani population. PMID- 6798234 TI - Preliminary studies on the antibacterial properties of essential oil extracts from five folk medicines. PMID- 6798235 TI - Bacteria in Lahore's school girls. A preliminary study. PMID- 6798237 TI - Enteral hyperalimentation in surgical patients. PMID- 6798236 TI - Teaching nutrition in medical schools. PMID- 6798239 TI - Serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels--a preliminary study. PMID- 6798238 TI - Trabeculectomy--a short term follow-up. PMID- 6798240 TI - Aetiology of gastroenteritis in infancy and early childhood in Rawalpindi and Islamabad area. PMID- 6798241 TI - Abuse of steroidal drugs by Homoeopaths and Hakims. PMID- 6798243 TI - Sick sinus syndrome: 21 years follow-up. PMID- 6798244 TI - Aphthous stomatitis: correlation with intestinal parasitosis. PMID- 6798245 TI - [Immunologic study of platelet procoagulant factors in the patients with congenital platelet disorders (authors' transl)]. PMID- 6798242 TI - Genito-urinary tuberculosis in Pakistan. PMID- 6798246 TI - [Application of gabexate mesilate on measurement of coagulation and fibrinolysis. --The effect of high molecular weight Fbg/Fb complex in plasma-- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798247 TI - [Urinary 5-S-cysteinyldopa in malignant melanoma subjects-with special reference to melanoma stages and dopa loading test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798250 TI - [Effects of long-term total parenteral nutrition on gastric acid secretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798249 TI - Combination therapy using 9,3"-di-O-acetyl-midecamycin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. AB - The combined effect of beta-lactam antibiotics and 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin were examined in 10 patients diagnosed as having chronic respiratory tract infections and complicated urinary tract infections. Patients were initially treated with 3 to 10 g/day of beta-lactams as intravenous infusions or by oral route for a certain period, after which period they were treated concurrently with 0.3 to 0.9 g/day of 9,3"-di-O-acetylmidecamycin by oral route. Through this combination therapy eradication of P. aeruginosa was obtained in 2 cases and remarkable decrease in another 2 cases out of the 10 cases. This combination therapy was judged to be effective in these 4 cases. Of the remaining cases, P. aeruginosa was eliminated before the start of the combination therapy in 3 cases, and no change in bacterial count was noted after the combination therapy in the other 3 cases. PMID- 6798248 TI - Altered resistance to Listeria monocytogenes in diabetic mice. AB - Resistance to Listeria monocytogenes (L.M.) in diabetic state was studied using streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetic mice. SZ-diabetic mice showed an enhanced resistance to primary listerial infection with a sublethal dose of inoculum, whereas there was no difference between normal and diabetic hosts when challenged with a lethal dose. The growth of L.M. in diabetic mice was inhibited at an early stage of infection. However viable Listeria survived in diabetic mice at a later stage, suggesting the trend of persisting infection. Such enhanced resistance to L.M. in diabetic mice was associated with increased rate of spreading of peritoneal macrophages and with reduction in the level of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to L.M. Therefore, it seemed likely that the enhanced resistance to Listeria in diabetic mice would be due to nonspecifically activated macrophages. Secondary challenge in the immunized animals and transfer experiment with immune spleen cells revealed that the development of protective immunity in diabetic mice was inferior to that in normal mice. Treatment with insulin could hardly influence the altered resistance to L.M. in diabetic mice. PMID- 6798251 TI - [Studies on biosynthesis of gastric mucosal glycoprotein in gastric diseases. I: Basic studies on UDP-galactosyl transferase in human gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798252 TI - Immunogenicity of purified Habu snake-venom toxoid in guinea pigs and monkeys with special reference to HR1 component. AB - Purity of the parent toxin influenced greatly the immunogenicity in guinea pigs of HR1 component of Habu-venom toxoid. The potency of HR1 toxoid in terms of the immunizing unit (ImU) appeared to be related to the antigen and aluminum contents. The immune response of the animals differed depending on the purity of the toxoid when the dose-response curve was examined over a wide range of the antigen dosage. Anti-HR1 titers of the guinea pigs immunized with crude toxoid (adsorbed) reached a plateau at about 10-20 U/ml ane further rise was not remarkable even when the amout of the antigen was increased several times, while 200 U/ml (maximum 400 U/ml or higher) of annti-HR1 was produced with a large amount of highly purified HR1 toxoid. Purified toxoid showed an excellent immunogenicity also in monkeys. The amounts of antigens necessary for the basic immunization to resist the challenge with a certainly lethal dose of crude venom were 18 and 0.5 mg as protein, for a crude and a highly purified toxoid, respectively. The total amount of aluminum was also reduced from 8.1 (crude toxoid) to 0.5 mg (purified toxoid). Multiple injections for the primary immunization enhanced early production of anti-HR1 in monkeys. However, at later stage of immunization, significant correlation was observed between the amount of HR1 toxoid (in ImU) for the primary immunization and the circulating anti-HR1 titer irrespective of the schedule of immunization. Anti-HR2 higher than 10 U/ml was produced consistently in monkeys with HR2 toxoid of 1.0 ImU for the basic immunization. However, excess HR2 toxoid of more than 10 ImU seemed rather unfavorable for anti-HR2 production. PMID- 6798253 TI - Reproductive performance of marmosets. PMID- 6798254 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 18. Sex and reproduction of primates (VII)]. PMID- 6798256 TI - [From medicine to extend life to care to give life]. PMID- 6798255 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 19. Pregnancy and monkeys (VI)]. PMID- 6798257 TI - [Care at the hospice]. PMID- 6798258 TI - [Needs of patients in the terminal stage of cancer and the role of the hospice]. PMID- 6798260 TI - [Nursing of a patient in the terminal stage of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. PMID- 6798259 TI - [The role of nursing in terminal care: in the team approach in the care of a patient with acute leukemia]. PMID- 6798262 TI - [Home nursing of aged patients in a sparsely populated town]. PMID- 6798261 TI - [From the room of death to the room of peace and rest - a thought on a terminal care patient who refused to be moved to a private room]. PMID- 6798263 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a patient who indicates her needs through convulsive attacks]. PMID- 6798264 TI - [An innovation in a T-shaped band]. PMID- 6798265 TI - [Nursing approach in language re-acquisition by an aphasic patient - on the role of nurses]. PMID- 6798266 TI - [Community care: the status of home nursing in England. 2. The process of establishment of the home nursing system]. PMID- 6798267 TI - [Children in the ward of pediatric internal medicine. 6. Children's Christmas]. PMID- 6798268 TI - [Nurses at the scene of life and death. 10. The proof of living]. PMID- 6798269 TI - [Introduction to computers. 10. Control system at the hemodialysis center (2)]. PMID- 6798270 TI - [Physiology and hygienic study of smoking. 3. Smoking and respiratory tract diseases: with special reference to the relationship with chronic obstructive lung diseases]. PMID- 6798271 TI - [Questions and answers on liver, gallbladder, and splenic diseases. 7. Liver cancer]. PMID- 6798272 TI - [Transactional analysis in nursing. 5. Analysis of interactions. (2)]. PMID- 6798274 TI - [Oxygen inhalation therapy using a mask, with special reference to associated nursing assistance]. PMID- 6798273 TI - [Viva La Plata. A life with Japanese in Argentina. 10. Immigrants in isolated settlements]. PMID- 6798275 TI - [Manual for oxygen inhalation therapy using a mask - with special reference to the characteristics of the therapy and nursing keypoints]. PMID- 6798276 TI - [Practice of oxygen inhalation therapy in neurosurgery]. PMID- 6798278 TI - [Approach to the patient who refuses care by nursing students - an approach through application of nursing technology]. PMID- 6798277 TI - [Bedside nursing. ICU nursing of patient with status asthmaticus]. PMID- 6798279 TI - [Community care: home nursing in England. 1. National Health Service and home nursing]. PMID- 6798280 TI - [Children in the ward of pediatric internal medicine. 5. Children doing their utmost to withstand the treatment]. PMID- 6798281 TI - [Nurses working at a scene of life and death. 9. "Weight of two 1,000 yen bills."]. PMID- 6798283 TI - [Physiology and hygienic study of smoking. 2. Smoking and the respiratory function]. PMID- 6798282 TI - [Introduction to computer science. 9. Control system at the hemodialysis center]. PMID- 6798284 TI - [Questions and answers on liver, gallbladder and splenic diseases. 6. Liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6798285 TI - [Transactional analysis in nursing. 4. Analysis of personal interactions (1)]. PMID- 6798286 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Maroko Shimizu who is active in nursing of Japanese personnel in Algeria]. PMID- 6798287 TI - [Viva La Plata. A life with Japanese in Argentina. 9. Mass screening at Japanese settlements]. PMID- 6798288 TI - [Total medical expense amounting to 11 billion yen in 1979: the expense for circulatory diseases occupying the highest percentage]. PMID- 6798289 TI - [Persons in charge of nursing of aged bedridden patients--problems in 4 examples]. PMID- 6798290 TI - [The role of the public health nurse in the care of bedridden patients being cared for at home--a survey on nursing needs and nursing practiced in clinical cases]. PMID- 6798291 TI - Ovarian response after four continuous administrations of gonadotrophin in beef cattle. PMID- 6798292 TI - Ciliate protozoa from the rumen of the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus (Temminck). PMID- 6798293 TI - Effect of thyrotropin releasing hormone instillation on keratitis in dairy cattle. PMID- 6798294 TI - [Pattern of resistance development of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) to minocycline (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798295 TI - [In vitro effects of several kinds of gas exposure on the antimicrobial activities of antituberculous agents. Chapter II. Bactericidal effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798296 TI - [Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae]. PMID- 6798297 TI - [Neurofibromatosis of the skin]. PMID- 6798298 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerin]. PMID- 6798299 TI - [Risk factors and pathways of bacterial infection in the clinical aspects of internal diseases]. PMID- 6798301 TI - [Formal requirements of a nursing documentation system]. PMID- 6798302 TI - [Standard system - an information medium and documentation support for the hospital field]. PMID- 6798304 TI - [The Stocker documentation system]. PMID- 6798303 TI - [Choice and introduction of a documentation system in a ward]. PMID- 6798300 TI - [The physiological basis of critical care nursing. Diffusion and transportation of respiratory gases]. PMID- 6798306 TI - [Composing of written reports during nursing education]. PMID- 6798305 TI - [Experience evaluation with the Stocker system from the head nurse's viewpoint]. PMID- 6798307 TI - [The status of psychiatry]. PMID- 6798308 TI - [Orientation of new co-workers for a ward. 2]. PMID- 6798309 TI - [Part-time work in Berlin hospitals. 2]. PMID- 6798310 TI - [Self-directed learning]. PMID- 6798311 TI - [City of Hope, National Medical Center Division of Nursing. Report on "Career guide for nursing personnel" and "Nursing research"]. PMID- 6798312 TI - [Research in nursing in retrospect of the decade]. PMID- 6798313 TI - [Disease, anxiety and demanding attitude in modern society]. PMID- 6798314 TI - [Practical student education in nursing--today and tomorrow]. PMID- 6798315 TI - [Mentally handicapped and their prospects]. PMID- 6798317 TI - [Mobile care services as a part of primary health care]. PMID- 6798319 TI - [Observations on the professional image of nursing]. PMID- 6798316 TI - [Experience report of the professional educational specialty seminar in Stuttgart from 30 March to 29 September 1981]. PMID- 6798318 TI - [Civil servants in the hospital]. PMID- 6798320 TI - [Observation-/evaluation form the community health nursing]. PMID- 6798321 TI - [The role of nursing personnel in primary health care in Europe]. PMID- 6798322 TI - [The rights of hospital patients]. PMID- 6798323 TI - [Vincent de Paul and his timeliness. His call for patient-oriented care]. PMID- 6798324 TI - [Our retrospect from the year 1910. Materialism and idealism of the nursing profession]. PMID- 6798325 TI - [Nursing between tradition and challenge]. PMID- 6798326 TI - [Planned nursing care and its effect on the care of patients]. PMID- 6798327 TI - Calculation of submaximal and maximal cardiac output in children using the CO2 rebreathing technique. PMID- 6798328 TI - [Effects of optotoxic substances on several glycolytic enzyme activities in the retina of the pig (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The authors report the results obtained after the action of certain optotoxic substances on several enzyme activities in the retina of the pig. 2. This in vitro study involved enzyme interferences of the following optotoxic agents : ethionamide, d-penicillamine, ethylene diaminotetra-acetic acid (EDTA), disodium and dicobalt salts. The enzyme activities studied involved glycolysis, the enzymes selected being as follows: glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI, E.C. 5.3.1.9), fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase (F1-6diPA, E.C. 4.1.2.13), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27). 3. Following the action of the effectors studied, a marked decrease in the enzyme activities examined was found in the retina. This decrease, of varying rapidity and regularity, went as far in some cases as total inhibition; there was disturbance of glycolysis. 4. These results indicate the existence of interactions with a complex mechanism. It may be noted that all of the effectors studied were chelating agents of divalent metals and the changes which they induced in the enzyme activities examined may be explained by interference of the chelates formed with metal cations, such as Zn++, co factors or effectors of these glycolysis enzymes (with the exception of GPI). These stable chelates are formed by virtue of the primary amine--NH2, thiol--SH, thionyl-[Formula: see text] groups, i.e. groups belonging to molecules essential to cell metabolism. PMID- 6798329 TI - A review of the methods used for the measurement of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). PMID- 6798331 TI - Surgery of the biliary tract. Second edition. PMID- 6798330 TI - A reliable method for the quantification of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in tissue and biological fluids. AB - A reliable technique for purification of crude tissue extracts and analysis for TRH by HPLC, TLC, radioimmunoassay and bioassay is presented. We conclude that authentic TRH is present throughout the mammalian brain and accounts for much of the TRH-like immunoreactivity in several peripheral organs, but that it is not present in urine, placenta, or pineal, and its concentration in blood is some 250 fold less than a value obtained from a direct radioimmunoassay of a sample of blood. PMID- 6798332 TI - Intra-operative pathologic diagnosis of biliary tract disease. PMID- 6798334 TI - Abdominal angina and neurofibromatosis. AB - A young man with severe abdominal pain and weight loss due to intestinal ischemia was examined. At operation, the origins of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries were found to be compressed by plexiform neurofibromatosis. Symptoms were relieved by reconstructive arterial surgery. PMID- 6798333 TI - Enterococcal endocarditis. AB - Ten to twenty percent of all cases of bacterial endocarditis are caused by enterococci. The enterococci are penicillin-resistant group D streptococci that can be distinguished from other streptococci by certain biochemical reactions, including growing the bile or 6.5% sodium chloride. In patients with enterococcal endocarditis, the portal of entry often is the genitourinary tract. Therapy is difficult; combination chemotherapy with penicillin G or ampicillin and an aminoglycoside is required. Although specimen streptomycin is preferred, occasional strains of enterococci are resistant to this agent, and gentamicin must be substituted. The minimal duration of therapy is 4 weeks. PMID- 6798335 TI - Modified conventional type of pCO2-electrode with monocrystalline antimony as the pH-sensing element. PMID- 6798336 TI - [Cefsulodin, a new antibiotic of the group of cephalosporins: its action on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - Cefsulodin is a new second generation cephalosporin with a narrow antibacterial spectrum. Its main use is in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. It is resistant to the action of the beta-lactamases of gram negative bacilli, especially to that of the cephalosporinases. We have studied 170 strains of P. aeruginosa and 10 of other species of Pseudomonas, determining the MIC by the serial dilution test in solid medium and the sensitivity by the agar diffusion test. With 8 microgram/ml, a concentration which is accepted as a limit of sensitivity from the therapeutic point of view, 90% of the P. aeruginosa strains studied are inhibited; the MIC50 is obtained with 2 microgram/ml. Within the strains considered sensitive (MIC less than 8 microgram/ml) there is a marked dispersion of the zone diameters corresponding to each of the values of MIC. This behavior limits the value of the regression line. We have also studied the MIC of carbenicillin for nearly all the strains and we have also studied the MIC of carbenicillin for nearly all the strains and we have found that 86.58% are sensitive to both preparations, 4.96% are sensitive to cefsulodin and resistant to carbenicillin, 4.02% resistant to cefsulodin and sensitive to carbenicillin and 4.69% are resistant to both preparations. From the clinical point of view the number of strains sensitive (or resistant) is similar with both substances but cefsulodin is in absolute values from 8 to 128 times more day active than carbenicillin. Cefsulodin is administered by a parenteral route and is eliminated by the urine in active form. The recommended therapeutic dose for the treatment of systemic infections is 2 g daily IV. This dose may be increased if it is considered advisable. There is good local tolerance (IM and IV), it is only slightly toxic, hardly alters the intestinal flora and may be used at all ages, in patients with immunological alterations and in patients with an altered renal function. PMID- 6798337 TI - [Transitory IgM monoclonal gammopathy associated with brucellosis and tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - Two cases of transitory IgM monoclonal gammopathy associated with infectious disease are presented. One patient was a 29 year-old woman with acute brucellosis; electrophoresis showed a homogeneous spike of slow gamma mobility constituted of IgM lambda. The second case was a 52 year-old male with milliary tuberculosis, in whom a homogenous spike of rapid gamma mobility constituted of IgM kappa was found. The monoclonal component disappeared in both cases after treatment of the infections; at 2 and 21/2 months respectively. The fact that the association of transitory IgM paraprotein and infection is not common, especially with brucellosis, is commented upon and a direct relationship between the infection and the monoclonal component is suggested. PMID- 6798338 TI - [Bundle-branch block and von Recklinghausen disease]. PMID- 6798339 TI - [Ankylopoietic spondylitis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6798340 TI - [Hypoxemia and hepatic cirrhosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798341 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of Uromitexan]. PMID- 6798342 TI - [Costs of hospital care]. PMID- 6798343 TI - [Malnutrition, parenteral nutrition and host defense]. PMID- 6798344 TI - [Evaluation of a therapeutic program. Acute uncompensated diabetes in children]. PMID- 6798345 TI - Sodium valproate exerts anti-conflict activity in rats without any concomitant rise in forebrain GABA level. PMID- 6798346 TI - Acetylated polyamines as substrates for human pregnancy serum diamine oxidase. PMID- 6798347 TI - Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on gastro-intestinal secretions in dogs. PMID- 6798348 TI - Human platelet phospholipid methylation. PMID- 6798349 TI - Drug-induced circling after unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the nigro striatal pathway is mediated via the midbrain periaqueductal grey and adjacent reticular formation (angular complex). PMID- 6798351 TI - Use of liquid chromatography with electrochemistry to measure effects of varying intensities of white light on DOPA accumulation in rat retinas. AB - Exposure of dark-adapted rats to light enhances the activity of the retinal dopamine (DA) neurons. The purpose of this study was to determine if the response of these neurons to light varies with different intensities of light. The accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with NSD-1015 was used as a measure of the in vivo activity of these DA neurons. Retinal DOPA accumulation was significantly increased in dark-adapted rats that had been exposed to light for only 5 min. The activation of the retinal DA neurons by cool white fluorescent lighting was dependent upon the light intensity. Light intensities of 0.1 and 0.5 lux did not stimulate the retinal DA neurons. There was a significant, but submaximal, activation of the neurons by 5.0 lux, and intensities of 32.2 lux or more maximally stimulated the neurons. The method involving liquid chromatography (LC) with electrochemistry (EC) which was used in these experiments to measure retinal DOPA and DA concentrations is also described in detail. PMID- 6798350 TI - Effects of mannitol and chlorpromazine pretreatment of rabbits on kidney mitochondria following in vivo ischemia and reflow. PMID- 6798352 TI - Research designs: sampling. PMID- 6798354 TI - Liaison nursing. PMID- 6798353 TI - Finding time to play. PMID- 6798355 TI - Teaching expectant fathers how to be better childbirth coaches. PMID- 6798356 TI - How serious is the child's behavior problem? PMID- 6798357 TI - Making baby's acquaintance: a unique attachment strategy. PMID- 6798358 TI - An educational program for families of children with tracheostomies. PMID- 6798359 TI - Preparing grade school faculty to teach family life education. PMID- 6798361 TI - Pediatric emergency drugs. PMID- 6798360 TI - What do we know about the effects of sports training on the menstrual cycle? PMID- 6798362 TI - [Dosimetric basis for using bremsstrahlung and electron beams for the treatment of lymphogranulomatosis and oral cavity tumors]. PMID- 6798363 TI - [Radionuclide diagnosis of inflammatory processes using labelled leukocytes]. PMID- 6798364 TI - [Trypanosoma cruzi infection in congenitally athymic mice]. PMID- 6798367 TI - Immunotitration of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. PMID- 6798365 TI - [Effects of cyproheptadine on the secretion and pituitary content of thyrotropin in rats]. PMID- 6798366 TI - [Relative efficiency of increased energy and proteins in undernourished children]. PMID- 6798368 TI - Production of antibodies to catalase and their effect on enzyme activity. PMID- 6798370 TI - Indirect quenching fluoroimmunoassay. PMID- 6798369 TI - Detection and quantitation of circulating immune complexes by the C1q-protein A binding assay (C1q-PABA). PMID- 6798371 TI - The homogeneous substrate-labeled fluorescent immunoassay. PMID- 6798372 TI - [Simultaneous action of environmental factors on Candida utilis growth in a chemostat culture]. AB - The effect of carbon dioxide and carbon-containing metabolites on the growth of Candida utilis was studied under the conditions of phosphate limitation. The limiting factor and the hydrocarbonate form of CO2 were shown to act simultaneously on the yeast growth, decreasing its rate. The threshold concentration of the limiting factor remained unchanged. Carbon-containing metabolites produced a similar action on the chemostat yeast culture. The factors limiting the rate of the yeast growth did not switch over. PMID- 6798373 TI - [Carbamyl phosphate and citrulline formation by phototrophic bacteria]. AB - The purple bacteria Ectothiorhodospira shaposhnikovii and Rhodospirillum rubrum are capable of synthesizing citrulline in the presence of ammonium hydrocarbonate, ornithine, ATP and Mg2+ ions. Citrulline biosynthesis by these phototrophic bacteria is presumed to be catalysed by carbamate kinase and ornithine transcarbamoylase. Therefore, certain phototrophic bacteria can assimilate carbon dioxide and ammonia for biosynthesis of amino acids, in particular, citrulline and, apparently, arginine. PMID- 6798374 TI - [Periostitis ossificans versus chronic non-suppurative sclerosing osteomyelitis (Garre's osteomyelitis). A clinico-radiological analysis of 30 cases]. PMID- 6798375 TI - A proposed mechanism for the anticonvulsant action of valproate. AB - Valproate (n-dipropylacetate), the most recent major anticonvulsant drug, is unique in that it is a short-chained branched fatty acid with no cyclic components. It is proposed that its anticonvulsant action may be due to its stimulation of the beta-oxidation pathway, with a concomitant whole-body system shift toward metabolic acidosis. The circulating ketone bodies may then be utilized by brain, allowing an increased brain energy reserve and a greater tolerance to a transient stimulation which would have, without Valproate, triggered an epileptic seizure. PMID- 6798376 TI - In vitro evaluation of a transcutaneous CO2 and O2 monitor: the effects of nitrous oxide, enflurane, and halothane. PMID- 6798378 TI - Hepatitis B immunoglobulin. PMID- 6798377 TI - Funnel-web spider (Atrax robustus) antivenom. 1. Preparation and laboratory testing. AB - An antivenom to the Sydney Funnel-web Spider, Atrax robustus, developed in rabbits, passed exhaustive quality control studies and was subsequently tested in monkeys. It was shown to reverse the syndrome that follows envenomation in both a conscious unmonitored monkey and in two anaesthetised, monitored monkeys. This paper reports the results of these experiments. An autonomic crisis appears to be the major cause of mortality and morbidity in human victims and monkeys; this aspect of the syndrome is rapidly attenuated by the antivenom. We observed no ill effects of antivenom. PMID- 6798379 TI - Insulin infusion for diabetic children. AB - Low-dose insulin infusion was used successfully in the management of 10 diabetic children aged 3.5 to 16.7 years (five ketoacidosis, four with insulin refractory hyperglycaemia, and one during elective surgery). The mean duration of infusion was 33 hours, with a mean infusion rate of 2.9 units/h for the ketotic subjects, and 2.6 units/h for those requiring stabilization. The over-all mean hourly rate per kg body weight was 0.074 units. Extension of the infusion time beyond that needed for the immediate correction of the hyperglycaemia and/or ketoacidosis enabled the smooth transition to a subcutaneous insulin regimen. Low-dose insulin infusion has introduced a new dimension of flexibility in the management of diabetes in the paediatric age group; the technique can be used to break the cycle of insulin-refractoriness as well as to reverse ketoacidosis. The surgeon can also anticipate a more predictable control of blood glucose level during major surgery when a continuous insulin infusion regimen is used. PMID- 6798380 TI - [Islet cell transplantation: present status and perspectives]. PMID- 6798381 TI - [TSH-secretion after surgery of decompensated autonomous thyroid adenomas]. AB - The postoperative secretion rate of TSH before and after stimulation by TRF was studied in 43 patients with hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas. TSH secretion is reduced and not at all or insufficiently stimulated by TRF preoperatively. This condition normalizes six weeks after operation. Mainly in those patients, who needed extensive resections of thyroid parenchyma basal TSH concentration and stimulation by TRF were elevated postoperatively. Following enucleations of adenomas or small resections we do not perform a substitution therapy, but control TSH-secretion rates in yearly intervals. PMID- 6798383 TI - Use of a neutron remmeter to measure leakage neutrons from medical electron accelerators. PMID- 6798382 TI - [Hypertension therapy with Briserin: what role do dihydroergocristine components play?]. AB - 40 patients with essential hypertension were subjected to an analysis of efficacy and safety of the three-component-combination Briserin (Reserpine, Clopamide, Dihydroergocristine). After double-blind and randomized allocation, one group received the two constituents Reserpine/Clopamide, another the full combination Briserin and a third first Reserpine/Clopamide and Briserin afterwards. Both types of treatment proved equi-effective in terms of blood pressure reduction with the blood pressure values falling below 150/90 mm Hg within one week. The most important finding resided in the improved orthostatic tolerance due to Briserin. Maximal systolic pressure drop during standing and the tachycardia associated were significantly reduced by Briserin, i.e. by the influence of Dihydroergocristine. In addition, there was a corresponding difference in terms of subjective complaints due to orthostasis. The same held true for general symptoms related to hypertension such as headache, dizziness, undue tiredness and sleeplessness. Patients preferred treatment with Briserin as compared to the other regimen. The discussion deals with the clinical-pharmacological impact of the orthostatic regulation quality within the framework of antihypertensive treatment. PMID- 6798384 TI - Day's integration of scatter dose with an analytical expression. AB - Analytical formulae have been developed to describe the scatter dose on the central axis of rectangular fields as a function of depth and field size for 60Co gamma radiation and 4 and 8 MV x rays. The basic relationship expresses the scatter-to-primary dose ratio as a function of the area-to-perimeter ratio A/P, with depth and energy dependent parameters for which analytical expressions are given. The accuracy of the total dose on and off the central axis, calculated with these formulae, is compared to that resulting from the use of Day's method with tabulated values. The differences are generally less than 1% of the total dose on the central axis. PMID- 6798385 TI - A comparison of chemical and ionization dosimetry for high-energy x-ray and electron beams. AB - A comparison was made of ferrous sulfate (Fricke) and ionometric methods for determining the absorbed dose in a phantom irradiated with 4-MV x-rays, 25-MV x rays, or electron beams having various incident energies between 10 and 32 MeV. Both chemical and ionization instruments were calibrated in a 60Co beam at a point in water where the absorbed dose had been previously determined. The chemical yield measurements were corrected for spatial variations in dose within the volume of the solution and used to obtain a value of the absorbed dose for each of the x-ray and electron beams. The ratios of G-values required for these determinations were taken from ICRU reports 14 and 21. Ionization instrument readings from three types of commercial ionization chambers were used to obtain alternate values of the absorbed dose for each radiation. C lambda and CE values used in determining these ionization values of dose were also taken from the above ICRU reports. For 4-MV x-rays the values of absorbed dose obtained from chemical measurements agreed to within 0.5% with values obtained from ionization measurements; for 25-MV x-rays the chemical values were about 1% higher than the ionization values; for the electron beams the chemical values were 1%-4% below the ionization values. These discrepancies suggest an inconsistency among the recommended G, C lambda, and CE values similar to that which has been noted by other workers. PMID- 6798387 TI - A new technique for the calculation of scattered radiation for 10 MV photon beams. AB - An alternative to the Clarkson technique for calculating total scattered radiation is presented for use with 10 MV photon beams. When compared to the same field size and depth parameters, the resultant TMR values are in good agreement with results utilizing the Clarkson technique. Lengthy iterative procedures are avoided in this new scatter technique in favor of a more efficient SMR algorithm, thereby reducing the amount of required computation time. The speed and simplicity of this method make it especially amenable to use with small desk top computers and even programmable pocket calculators. PMID- 6798386 TI - Evaluation of tissue-air ratios and tissue-maximum ratios with the photon energy fluence absorption dose model. AB - Values of tissue-air ratio (TAR) and tissue-maximum ratio (TMR) have been calculated with the photon energy-fluence absorption dose model, at depths d greater than dn (depth of dose normalization) in a homogeneous water phantom, for Co-60 gamma-ray, and 4, 6, 10, 14, and 45 MVp x-ray beams of EQS (the side of the equivalent square) up to 20 cm. It has been found that by (i) slightly altering the formula for the depth modification factor so that it depends on the difference (d -- dn) rather than d alone; and (ii) permitting E, the effective energy of the beam, to vary with EQS for some x-ray beams, it is possible for the model to reproduce within 2.5% the measured data at depths d greater than dn, on TAR, TMR and PDD (the central axis percent depth dose), for any source to surface distance. PMID- 6798388 TI - Comparison of the perturbation correction in a parallel plate and a cylindrical ion chamber. AB - The perturbation correction factors for a 0.03 cc parallel plate chamber and a 0.6 cc cylindrical ionization chamber have been compared. The current from these ion chambers was measured in electron beams of energy in the range 7 to 12 MeV and in a cobalt-60 gamma ray beam. It is concluded that there is no difference between the perturbation correction factor for these two chambers. A significant polarity effect was observed for the parallel plate chamber, which was a function of energy and depth in the phantom. This work supports the ICRU recommendation for displacement correction. PMID- 6798389 TI - A computed tomography-radiation therapy treatment planning system utilizing a whole body CT scanner. AB - An external beam radiation therapy treatment planning system has been developed to run on the GE CT/T whole body scanner. The system interactively obtains treatment planning information directly from CT scans, including relative density conversion of user input inhomogeneity regions. The program generates beams isodose tables from input TAR-SAR data using the Cunningham model. Inhomogeneity corrections are applied using the power law TAR method at low energies and the TAR ratio method at high energies. Beam data are generated on the central axis and at off-axis locations coplanar with each CT scan, and isodose distributions are displayed on any transverse, coronal or sagittal plane. Examples of plans and initial verification results are discussed. PMID- 6798390 TI - The physics of cancer therapy with negative pions. AB - The introduction of negative pions into cancer therapy has required the construction of large new proton accelerators together with special magnetic systems to form and direct the pion beam to a patient. A summary is presented of the fundamental properties of pions and of the methods used to study the therapeutic beams. The dosimetry of these beams requires the use of the older techniques as well as new methods for determining the different LET components. The data for a number of beams is given and the utilization of this data in treatment planning is reviewed. An important problem for therapy is the behavior of inhomogeneities in the pion beam, and experimental methods are described which illuminate this problem. The studies of the effects of inhomogeneities in a beam point the way toward fruitful comparisons with the computerized treatment planning codes known as PION-1 and PIPLAN. A useful step in treatment is the verification of doses in patients during therapy. For this purpose the new methods for measuring the high LET doses in patients are described as well as a timing measurement for checking the stopping effect of the tissues as obtained from the CT scans. PMID- 6798391 TI - Characteristics of an 18 MV photon beam from a Therac 20 Medical Linear Accelerator. AB - The 18 MV photon beam characteristics of a Therac 20 Medical Linear Accelerator manufactured by Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd, are presented. Tissue phantom ratios (TRP's) and percent depth dose data are given; for a 10 x 10 cm field, the percent depth dose at a depth of 10 cm is 78.5 (SSD 100 cm). The relative dose factors (RDF'S) are given and are analyzed to elucidate the relative contributions from phantom scatter, collimator scatter, and backscatter from the top of the collimators into the monitor chambers. The effect of field size and depth on the penumbra is described. Crossplots of the beam at a depth of 5 cm indicate that the flattening filter could be improved; there are hot spots of 108% near the corners of 40 x 40 fields. PMID- 6798393 TI - Spectral characterization of 4 MV Bremsstrahlung by attenuation analysis. AB - The "quality of radiation" for a high energy x-ray beam can be specified by its attenuation curve in a selected material. The inverse Laplace transform of the attenuation curve can be used as an approximate indication of the energy spectrum of the beam. Existing mathematical procedures for this purpose have been evaluated and were found to poorly represent measured transmission data for 4 MV x-rays from a linear accelerator. The transmission data between 1 and 0.002 could be fitted within the experimental uncertainty by expressing the logarithmic transmission as a second order polynomial of attenuator thickness. The inverse Laplace transform them becomes a Gaussian function of the attenuation coefficient. This new version of "attenuation analysis" provides a practical method for specification of the quality of the radiation in this energy range. PMID- 6798392 TI - 16O(n, p)16N: a fast neutron detector for rapid tissue inhomogeneity correction. AB - We have devised a transit dose technique for fast neutron therapy treatment planning based on the 16O(n, p)16N reaction in recirculating water, and have determined the effect of simulated bone and lung inhomogeneities in phantom. An effective threshold of 10.2 MeV in the 16O(n, p) reaction is exploited to detect transmitted neutrons without the need detector collimation. This system has been demonstrated with 14 MeV (d, T) neutrons and with cyclotron produced p(42) + Be neutrons. 16N decays to the 6.13 MeV excited states of 16O in 7.14 s, allowing for easy identification by NaI(T1) and for rapid recirculation. The transmission of fast neutrons can thus be related to an effective thickness of soft tissue, providing a rapid and direct measure of the effects of inhomogeneities under actual treatment conditions, with the 10 MeV threshold providing a useful degree of insensitivity to multiply scattered neutrons. Equivalent thickness of compact bone and lung relative to water were found to be 1.4 and 0.34 respectively, closely resembling the effective thicknesses for Cobalt-60 gamma rays. PMID- 6798394 TI - Buildup region and skin-dose measurements for the Therac 6 linear accelerator for radiation therapy. AB - Buildup and surface-dose measurements were taken for the 6 MV photon beam from a Therac 6 linear accelerator manufactured by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited (AECL) with and without a lucite blocking tray in place. Further measurements were made with a copper filter designed to reduce secondary electrons emitted by photon interactions with the Lucite tray. The results are discussed in relation to skin-sparing for radiation therapy patients. The measurements were made with a fixed volume PTW parallel-plate ionization chamber and corrected to zero-chamber volume. The results were found to be consistent with similar measurements taken with a variable volume extrapolation chamber. PMID- 6798396 TI - Constancy of spectral quality across large fields from Clinac-4 and Clinac-6 accelerators. PMID- 6798395 TI - Developing aspects of radiation oncology. AB - Both physics and radiobiology provide growing points in modern radiotherapy. Better physical dose distributions appear to be still worth achieving and can be obtained from beams of protons, heavy ions, or negative pi mesons because a peak region of high dose is deposited at depth in tissue. The heavier ion and pions also have biological properties of high LET radiation which could be important: the radioresistance of hypoxic cells in tumors is less, and tissues which are proliferating fast may be relatively more vulnerable. Although fast neutrons provide ordinary physical dose distributions, their high LET properties are similar to those of ions as heavy as neon. Drugs which specifically radiosensitize hypoxic cells offer a way of determining with certainty how important hypoxic cells are in radiotherapy. Hyperthermia is in its early stages but promises to damage just those cells poor in nutrients which are relatively resistant to ionizing radiation. Radioprotecting drugs, which depend upon poor uptake in tumors but high uptake in normal tissues, are also being tested. PMID- 6798397 TI - Perturbation of electron beam doses as a function of SSD due to the use of shielding blocks on the Clinac-18a. AB - Many radiotherapy linear accelerators use electron beam applicators which extended close to the patient's surface when treating at the regular distance. The relatively large size of these applicators often necessitates the use of a larger SSD than that designed by the manufacturer. In such cases, the addition of shielding blocks to the applicator can significantly alter the factors which should be used to calculate the dose rate at the new SSD as compared with the unshielded beam condition. In some typical clinical situations, errors of greater than 60% may result from failure to account for this perturbation. This paper presents the proper correction of the dose vs SSD function for the presence of such shielding blocks for the Clinac-18 linear accelerator. PMID- 6798398 TI - Use of a tungsten filter to improve beam uniformity. AB - A general method for calculating the dose distribution in an irradiated volume is to evaluate the primary and scatter components separately according to the method described by Clarkson and Cunningham. It was found, however, that for a 6 MV Siemens accelerator the calculated dose overestimated the peripheral dose at depths beyond 10 cm by 3%-6%. The difference was attributed to the varying beam quality across the field. This beam quality variation was decreased by hardening the beam with a permanently installed 1/3 in. tungsten filter inserted between the beam flattening filter and the mirror base assembly. The tungsten filter had a more pronounced beam hardening effect at the beam edge than along the central ray. For example, the dose rate in air at the beam edge for a 30 x 30 cm2 field was 13% higher than along the central ray without the tungsten filter. The addition of the 1/8 in. filter decreased this horn to 6%. The beam quality along the central ray also increased. The tissue-air ratio for zero field size along the central ray increased by 2% with the addition of the tungsten filter. The scatter-air ratio, however, did not change with the added filter. Agreement within 1%-2% was achieved between the calculated and measured beam profiles at all depths in a phantom when the tungsten filter was added. PMID- 6798401 TI - [Treatment of infantile diabetic ketoacidosis with continuous infusion of small doses of insulin]. PMID- 6798400 TI - [The diffusion of so-called "minor" salmonellosis in the Piedmont and Valle d'Aosta in the decade of 1971-1980. Several thousand cases]. PMID- 6798399 TI - Use of a Victoreen 500 electrometer to determine ionization chamber collection efficiencies. AB - An investigation has been made of the Victoreen 500 electrometer's capability to predict saturation corrections for ionization chamber measurements. This electrometer has been provided with a switch that reduces the polarizing voltage on the chamber to 40% of its normal value. It can be demonstrated theoretically that ion chamber measurements at two separate voltages should be sufficient to determine the saturation correction, for both pulsed beams and continuous radiation. Tests were made with the Victoreen 500 which indicated that this is the case. Saturation corrections of up to 10% have been demonstrated for both pulsed and continuous beams and these can be predicted using the Victoreen 500 electrometer to within 1%. PMID- 6798403 TI - Measles--Florida, 1981. PMID- 6798402 TI - Annual summary 1980. Reported morbidity & mortality in the United States. PMID- 6798404 TI - Suspected hepatitis A in a food handler-California. PMID- 6798405 TI - Influenza A isolation--New Jersey. PMID- 6798406 TI - Tuberculosis among Indochinese refugees--an update. PMID- 6798407 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 45-48, 1981. PMID- 6798408 TI - Imported dengue type 4--Florida. PMID- 6798409 TI - Water-related disease outbreaks in the United States--1980. PMID- 6798410 TI - Influenza--United States, worldwide. PMID- 6798411 TI - Increase in prevalence of leprosy caused by dapsone-resistant Mycobacterium leprae. PMID- 6798412 TI - Psittacosis associated with turkey processing--Ohio. PMID- 6798413 TI - Patients with recurrent tuberculosis. PMID- 6798414 TI - Lead poisoning from lead tetroxide used as a folk remedy--Colorado. PMID- 6798416 TI - Influenza B, influenza A (H1N1)--United States. PMID- 6798417 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 49-52, 1981. PMID- 6798418 TI - A foodborne outbreak of streptococcal pharyngitis--Portland, Oregon. PMID- 6798415 TI - Global distribution of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). PMID- 6798419 TI - Use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps--Georgia, Maine, and Nebraska. PMID- 6798420 TI - Cytoplasmic nonpolysomal ribonucleoprotein complexes and translational control. AB - In this article, we discuss our attempts to establish the existence in the cytoplasm of regulatory molecules involved in translational control. Our studies have revealed the presence of cAMP independent protein kinase in the free mRNP complex capable of phosphorylating a Mr = 38 000 polypeptide, also part of the same complex. Both the kinase and the acceptor protein were found also as free proteins in the cytoplasmic pool. This kinase has been shown to be distinct from the heme regulated enzyme that phosphorylates the small subunit of eIF-2. Other regulatory molecules include small molecular weight RNAs found as part of an RNP complex. A 4S fraction isolated from this complex inhibited the translation of both capped and uncapped mRNAs in a cell-free protein synthesizing system. The biological role of the protein kinase and the 4S RNA fraction is considered. PMID- 6798421 TI - Chemical mechanism of insulin action via proteolytic formation of mediator peptides. PMID- 6798423 TI - Depamide: a preliminary report on its therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. PMID- 6798424 TI - Sodium dipropylacetate (Vupral Polfa) in therapy of resistant epilepsy. PMID- 6798422 TI - [Phenotypes in heteroglycanoses and sphingolipidoses (author's transl)]. AB - Sphingolipidoses and heteroglycanoses are inborn errors of the carbohydrate metabolism. Biochemically and clinically hetero-glycanoses are sub-divided into mucopolysaccharidoses, oligosaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. These disorders of complex carbohydrate metabolism are due to the inborn defect of one or more lysosomal enzymes which in turn cause an intracellular accumulation of not degraded complex carbohydrates corresponding to a wide pattern of clinical expression and symptomatology ranging from psychomotor retardation without any dysmorphic signs to severe features of a storage disease with dwarfism, peculiar facial appearance, organomegaly and skeletal changes. Investigations of recent years revealed that there is tremendous phenotypic variation even within diseases caused by a deficiency of the same enzyme. On the other hand, clinically indistinguishable phenotypes may be caused by the defect of different enzymes. PMID- 6798425 TI - Analytic study of epileptic absence seizures and effect of sodium valproate treatment. AB - Two hundred and seventy eight absence seizures were recorded from 60 patients by an intensive monitoring device. They were divided into two subtypes, typical and atypical absences based on their ictal discharges whether the spike-wave rhythm was at 3 cps or not. These two absence seizures did not differ so much with regard to loss of consciousness except that: 1) the durations of discharge in atypical absences were longer than those of typical ones, 2) the recovery from clouded consciousness to a state of full-awareness was apparently delayed in atypical absences after the termination of epileptic discharges, 3) the oral automatisms were more associated with typical absences and the decreased postural tones with atypical absences. By a numerical analysis of two parameters of spike wave, that is, its frequency ad rhythmicity, it was shown that absences with spike-waves slower than 30 cps and with poor rhythmicity which roughly corresponded with atypical absences were more therapy-resistant in comparison with those having 3 cps spike waves and good rhythm which were usually typical absences. Sodium valproate was more effective on typical absences, however, there was no difference between typical and atypical absences in the therapeutic maintenance concentrations of serum valproate acid. We would like to emphasize that the comparison of the symptomatology between typical and atypical absences is of significance not only for understanding the etiology of the epilepsies but for the guideline of practical pharmacotherapy. PMID- 6798426 TI - Daily fluctuations of dipropylacetate (DPA) serum level in epileptic patients. PMID- 6798428 TI - Automatic computerized investigation on EEG interictal spikes of human focal epilepsies. PMID- 6798430 TI - The diagnostic value of computerized axial tomography (CAT) in focal epilepsy. AB - The material of the Computerized Tomography Laboratory of the Institute of Radiology in Poznan concerning patients with focal epilepsy deals with more than 200 cases. In this paper we present 84 cases with verified etiology in the Neurosurgical Department. There were 39 cases of partial epilepsy of simple symptomatology, 28 cases of partial epilepsy with complex symptomatology (temporal) and 12 cases of secondary generalized epilepsy. CAT performed in 62 patients proved to be most adequate in the brain tumors and in atrophic lesions, than posttraumatic and postinfective lesions, less valuable in vascular diseases and degenerative processes. PMID- 6798429 TI - A computer analysis of specific and aspecific interictal epileptic activity in man. AB - The preliminary results are reported for a systematic computerized analysis of interictal EEG recordings from patients with different epileptic syndromes. Both interical specific epileptic activity and non-specific background EEG signals are processed by special programs. Specific achievement are: a) Automatic recognition of spikes and quantification in every channel of their temporal incidence; b) definition of morphology and temporal relationship among spikes simultaneously recorded from different cortical and subcortical structures. Non-specific achievement: a) Characterization of background pattern; b) identification, quantification and localization of pathological frequencies. The study of changes in the described parameters induced by pharmacological therapies and measured drug plasma levels, has supplied additional criteria for the evaluation of epileptic dynamics and the monitoring of optimal treatment modes. PMID- 6798431 TI - [Therapy studies today - legal problems and solution]. PMID- 6798427 TI - Effects of sodium valproate on the serum protein binding of phenytoin, and on liver enzyme activity. AB - The effect of a single dose of sodium valproate on the serum protein binding of phenytoin was studied in 6 epileptic patients receiving phenytoin maintenance therapy. Phenytoin was significantly displaced by valproic acid, but the free concentration of phenytoin was unchanged because of redistribution to tissues. As a result of this effect, total serum phenytoin concentration was significantly lowered. Induction of metabolism probably does not play a part in this interaction because antipyrine half-lives and urinary D-glucaric acid excretion were not altered by chronic administration of sodium valproate to 8 patients receiving this drug alone. PMID- 6798432 TI - [Cost control in supply economy. A suggested solution for health care]. PMID- 6798434 TI - [Results of 131iodine therapy of benign thyroid diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798436 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside - shock liver]. PMID- 6798435 TI - [CNS involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Clinical aspects and therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798433 TI - [Is research in the field of arteriosclerosis still worth while? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798437 TI - [Applied allergology. Part 8. Food allergy]. PMID- 6798438 TI - [Practical sports medicine. Part 16. Arthrosis and sports. Part I: Physiology and pathophysiology]. PMID- 6798439 TI - The effects of carbon dioxide and oxygen upon the growth and in vitro transformation of Leishmania mexicana mexicana. AB - Growth of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes is highly dependent upon O2 tension. There was a strong positive correlation between the level of O2, growth rate and maximum parasite density. Promastigotes under low oxygen tension decreased in size, protein content and motility, and deaths occurred. Changes in the carbon dioxide concentration (0.1-5.0%) had little effect on promastigote growth. Transformation in vivo of L. mexicana amastigotes to promastigotes also required oxygen, but a low level (0.4%) was sufficient for a high percentage of the amastigotes to transform. At high O2 concentrations, transformation was a little speedier but the number of parasites transforming was little affected. A greater effect was found with CO2. At 5%, transformation was much more rapid than at 0.1% and also an even greater percentage of amastigotes transformed within 48 h. The results give some indication that amastigotes are adpated for growth at low oxygen tensions encountered in vivo and that high carbon dioxide levels may act as a trigger for transformation of the amastigote to promastigote after it is taken up by the sandfly. PMID- 6798440 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 6798441 TI - Special report. Health-policy issues and the predicament in Poland. PMID- 6798443 TI - Pseudo-von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6798442 TI - Pseudo-von Willebrand's disease. An intrinsic platelet defect with aggregation by unmodified human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and enhanced adsorption of its high-molecular-weight multimers. AB - Four members (from four generations) of a family with a mild bleeding disorder and intermittent thrombocytopenia had decreased plasma levels of properties related to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/VWF), an absence of high molecular-weight forms of FVIII/VWF in the plasma (but normal multimeric structure in the platelets), and increased ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation, as in Type IIB von Willebrand's disease. However, unlike the abnormality in FVIII/VWF in Type IIB disease, the basic defect in this family was in their platelets, which absorbed FVIII/VWF high-molecular-weight multimers at lower concentrations of ristocetin than did normal platelets. In addition, either in platelet-rich plasma or suspended in buffer, their platelets were aggregated by unmodified normal human FVIII/VWF without ristocetin. Since the abnormalities of plasma FVIII/VWF in this family may be secondary to the platelet abnormalities, the term "pseudo-von Willbrand's disease" may be suitably descriptive of their disorder. PMID- 6798444 TI - Biogenesis of the C20 polyketide, aflatoxin. A review. AB - Aflatoxin B2 is a secondary metabolite produced by the ubiquitous molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The toxin was first characterized in 1963 as the etiological agent responsible for the infamous "Turkey X' disease. Since that time, much information on its chemistry, toxicity and biological activity has accumulated. A significant amount of work has been done to elucidate its biosynthesis. Evidence indicates the polyketide route as its point of origin. The steps involved in the polyketide pathway, the six identified intermediated compounds, and the experimental techniques and analytical instrumentation used to procure information on aflatoxin biogenesis are included in this review. PMID- 6798446 TI - Benzodiazepines: a review of research results, 1980. Introduction. PMID- 6798445 TI - Clearance and killing of Candida albicans in the perfused mouse liver. AB - Hepatic interactions of C. albicans with perfused mouse livers were characterized and compared in normal and glucan-treated mice. Normal livers, in the absence of serum, trapped greater than 90% and killed greater than 20% of the infused yeast. Phenylbutazone had no effect. Silica treatment abolished killing and decreased trapping suggesting that candidicidal activity of the liver is mediated by Kupffer cells. Immune serum, but not normal serum, enhanced trapping and killing in normal livers. Liver hypertrophy was evident in mice treated with glucan, but no enhanced candidicidal activity was observed in the absence of humoral factors. Specific immune serum and normal serum increased killing of C. albicans in glucan stimulated liver, suggesting a requirement for serum opsonin in facilitating glucan enhanced killing. Specific immune serum potentiated the greatest increase in killing. Glucan treatment in conjunction with immune serum increased killing to approximately 40%. D-mannose, but not D-glucose or D-mannitol impaired trapping of the yeast in livers of normal mice. Together, the data suggest that hepatic trapping of C. albicans involves phagocytic events as well as interactions of the yeast with surface receptors on sinusoidal cells and support the role for the liver in restricting hematogenous dissemination of C. albicans in the infected host. PMID- 6798447 TI - Benzodiazepines: a review of research results, 1980. PMID- 6798448 TI - Benzodiazepine self-administration in animals and humans: a comprehensive literature review. PMID- 6798449 TI - Benzodiazepine dependence studies in rodents. PMID- 6798451 TI - Behavioral mechanisms and loci of drug dependence: an overview. PMID- 6798450 TI - Dependence on benzodiazepines. PMID- 6798452 TI - Classically conditioned phenomena in human opiate addiction. PMID- 6798453 TI - Common mechanisms in substance abuse. PMID- 6798454 TI - Internal stimulus control and subjective effects of drugs. PMID- 6798455 TI - Social stimulus factors in drug effects in human subjects. PMID- 6798456 TI - Stimulus control and drug dependence. PMID- 6798457 TI - Differential drug effects as a function of the controlling consequences. PMID- 6798458 TI - Predicting the dependence liability of stimulant drugs. PMID- 6798461 TI - Commonalities and differences among reinforcers. PMID- 6798459 TI - Towards a rapprochement between clinical pharmacology and behavioral pharmacology. PMID- 6798460 TI - Human dependence on tobacco and opioids: common factors. PMID- 6798462 TI - Second-order schedules: extended sequences of behavior controlled by brief environmental stimuli associated with drug self-administration. PMID- 6798463 TI - An analysis of commonalities in substance abuse and habitual behavior. AB - The foregoing discussion attempts to accomplish two objectives: (1) to present criteria which are commonly employed to characterize "addictions"; (2) to discuss the usefulness of such criteria as a first step toward a more sophisticated analysis. It should be obvious that no single criterion is sufficient to define an addiction. Also, not all are necessary. These criteria, growing out of common usage, are imprecise, but they offer a basis for assessing common properties in more highly refined ways. PMID- 6798464 TI - The place of adjunctive behavior in drug abuse research. PMID- 6798465 TI - Complex schedules and maintenance of drug dependence. PMID- 6798466 TI - Complex schedules and maintenance of drug dependence. PMID- 6798467 TI - Personality factors in human drug self-administration. AB - By comparing MMPI profiles of sedative-dependent subjects during pentobarbital self-administration with comparable subjects during drug abstinence, the present study has found that self-administration tends to increase rather than decrease indicators of personal distress (MMPI scale scores). This finding agrees fully with other studies of drug effects on mood of drug-dependent subjects. (This finding should disturb only those who equate reinforcement with euphoria and other pleasurable states. Those familiar with the concept of reinforcement understand that reinforcement deals only with behavior and implies nothing about corresponding subjective states). Only scores on the Hypomania scale of the MMPI were found to correlate significantly with amount of daily drug intake, and this relationship occurred primarily in females. Scores on the Depression scale were correlated significantly with the daily pattern of drug-taking behavior. However, in neither case is it known whether the relationship reflects influences of personality factors on drug-taking behavior, or influences of drug-taking behavior on the obtained personality measures. Other research will be needed to answer this question. Clinically depressed individuals may constitute a special sub-group of subjects in which scores on many MMPI scales are related to daily amount of drug intake. Studies of human drug self-administration provide an excellent opportunity for more detailed research into these and other clinical research questions. PMID- 6798468 TI - Personality factors in methadone self-administration by heroin addicts. PMID- 6798469 TI - History of drug exposure as a determinant of drug self-administration. AB - Drug self-administration is controlled, in part, by the subject's history of drug exposure. Although a history of drug administration is not necessary for many drugs to function as reinforcers, prior exposure can increase the likelihood that certain drugs, such as ethanol, will maintain behavior. While it has been demonstrated that physiological dependence is not necessary for a drug to function as a reinforcer, the conditions under which such dependence is maintained can control the later self-administration of the drug. Once drug maintained behaviors are established, the particular drug that maintains behavior can influence the initial pattern of intake of a new drug and thus the dose of that drug that will maintain behavior. Additionally, under certain conditions, similarity between the discriminative stimulus effects of the drug that previously maintained behavior and those of a new drug can increase the likelihood that the new drug will function as a reinforcer. Finally, stimuli that have been paired with drug administration can powerfully control later drug maintained behavior, the direction of such control being determined by the conditions under which such pairing occurred. In summary, both the type of drug with which a subject has experience as well as the contingencies governing that experience contribute to subsequent drug self-administration. PMID- 6798470 TI - Contributions of reinforcement schedule histories to our understanding of drug effects in human subjects. AB - Like other reinforcing stimuli, drug effects may vary with the reinforcement history of an individual. Data are presented which demonstrate that histories contribute to individual differences in response to reinforcement contingencies and modification of maladaptive behavioral persistence. Possible relevance of these findings to an understanding of drug effects in humans is discussed. PMID- 6798471 TI - Extensive regulatory capabilities of a Drosophila imaginal disk blastema. PMID- 6798473 TI - Influence of nicotine on basal and stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis in perfused vascular tissue of the rabbit. PMID- 6798472 TI - Deformation of isolated rat hepatocytes by a peptide hepatotoxin from the blue green alga microcystis aeruginosa. AB - The effect of the peptide hepatotoxin from the bloom-forming blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa was investigated on isolated rat hepatocytes. When toxin was added to hepatocyte suspensions it produced deformation of the cells, as shown by scanning electron microscopy. This was apparent within 5 min of addition of toxin to the cells and the response was dose dependent: 30 ng of toxin was sufficient to cause deformation in 58 +/- 9% of 1.4 x 10(6) hepatocytes/ml of incubation. The deformation did not lead to cell death as measured by Trypan blue uptake within 120 min. Deoxycholate, cholate bromosulphophthalein, and rifampicin were found to prevent the deformation of hepatocytes by Microcystis aeruginosa toxin in a dose dependent manner, analogous to the effect of these agents on the response of hepatocytes to added phalloidin. This suggests that Microcystis aeruginosa toxin is transported into hepatocytes in the same way as phalloidin; namely sharing a transport system for bile acids on the hepatocyte plasma membrane. PMID- 6798474 TI - Renal tubular secretion and effects of the alkaline diuretics amiloride, tizolemide (Hoe 740) and 2-aminomethyl-4(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol hydrochloride (MK-447). PMID- 6798475 TI - [A new and simple administration system for parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6798476 TI - [A pill against the atom bomb?]. PMID- 6798477 TI - [Acute polyarthritis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. PMID- 6798478 TI - [Effect of valproate monotherapy on spike-wave activity in generalized epilepsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798479 TI - [Sex hormone changes in male epileptics on long-term anti-convulsant therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798480 TI - [Petit mal epilepsy following cerebral trauma: two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798481 TI - [Treatment of severe head injuries by external ventricular drainage and barbiturate therapy. Mortality and morbidity in 57 cases (author's transl)]. AB - After severe head injury the majority of deaths, during the early period, is due to acute intracranial hypertension. We report a series of 57 severe head injuries with early signs of brainstem involvement. CT Scan performed within 6 hours after injury and repeated at 48 hours showed hemispheric lesions and edema, without shift of the middle line. Treatment consisted of controlled ventilation, water and sodium restriction and barbiturates. A ventricular catheter was inserted in 52 patients allowing intracranial pressure (I.C.P.) monitoring, and permanent subtraction of cerebrospinal fluid (C.S.F.). This treatment allowed the control of a normal I.C.P. in 80% of the patients. In 6 patients a secondary surgical treatment was performed. In this series the mortality rate was 31,5% the good results and moderate disability 54,3%, the severe disability and vegetatives states 14,2%. PMID- 6798482 TI - Developmental changes in the fatty acids of synaptic membrane phospholipids: effect of protein malnutrition. AB - The acyl-linked fatty acid composition of the major phospholipid species in rat cortical synaptic membranes was determined at various stages of development. For most species there was a decrease during development in the short chain saturated fatty acids, 14:0 and 16:0, an increase in 18:0 and 22:6 (n-3) and an increase in ratio of 22:6 (n-3)/22:5 (n-6). Pups were protein deprived by feeding the dams a 12% casein diet as compared to the 24% casein control diet. Protein malnutrition markedly affected the composition of acyl-linked fatty acids in the synaptic membranes. The increases in the ratio of 22:6 (n-3)/22:5 (n-6) fatty acids were especially compromised. PMID- 6798483 TI - [3H]2-deoxyglucose transport by slices of cerebral cortex: apparent dependence upon mitochondrial energy. AB - The transport of [3H]2-deoxyglucose by brain slices was studied. Cerebral cortex slices were incubated in vitro in the presence of [3H]2-deoxyglucose, or L [3H]glucose as a marker for diffusion. Transport was defined as the difference between [3H]2DG uptake and L-[3H]glucose uptake. Half-maximal velocity was seen at 2.0 mM 2DG and [3H]2DG transport was not inhibited by 20-fold higher concentrations of L-glucose. Net [3H]2DG transport was unchanged in media deficient in Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ or Cl-. Uptake was significantly inhibited by 1.0 mM 2,4-DNP and a suggestion of inhibition by azide was seen. These data are consistent with a hypothesis that hexose transport in the brain depends to some extent upon mitochondrial energy. PMID- 6798484 TI - [The protective effect of mannitol and artificial blood (perfluorochemicals) on hemorrhagic infarction -- experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - It has previously been thought difficult to produce hemorrhagic infarction in animals. Using the thalamic infarction model in the dog, the production of hemorrhagic infarction can be achieved consistently. In this study, the protective effect of mannitol and/or artificial blood (perfluorochemicals) on the hemorrhagic infarction was investigated. Adult mongrel dogs weighing about 10 kg each were used. Following temporal craniotomy, thalamic ischemia was produced by occluding four trunk arteries (the internal carotid, anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and posterior communicating arteries). Dogs which showed EEG changes indicative of thalamic ischemia were used in further experiments. The dogs were divided into 4 groups: (I) non-treated, (II) mannitol-treated, (III) fluorochemical-treated and (IV) mannitol and fluorochemical-treated. All dogs in each group underwent 6 hours of vascular occlusion followed by 1 hour recirculation. In order to evaluate the degree of hemorrhagic infarction, classification into 4 grades was done. Grade O: pale infarction without microscopical bleeding; Grade I: pale infarction wit microscopical bleeding; Grade II: a few sites of macroscopical petecheal bleeding; and Grade III: diffuse macroscopital petecheal bleeding. In the non-treated animals, autopsied brains showed hemorrhagic infarction in all cases. In mannitol-treated animals, some protective effect was found, especially in cases in which mannitol was administered within 60 minutes following occlusion. Hemorrhagic infarction was not suppressed in any of the fluorochemical-treated animals, but there was no hemorrhagic infarction in any of the animals treated with both mannitol and fluorochemicals. The present results are thought to indicate that these drugs administered together are effective in the treatment of hemorrhagic cerebral infarction. PMID- 6798485 TI - Effect of metabolites of valproic acid on the metabolism of GABA in brain and brain nerve endings. PMID- 6798486 TI - Pulmonary effects of head trauma. AB - Knowledge of the interrelation of the central nervous system-respiratory axis is crucial to the management of patients with head injuries with or without concomitant pulmonary-thoracic problems. Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) can result in unexplained hypoxemia, noncardiac pulmonary edema, altered patterns of respiration, and an increased risk of aspiration. The damaged thorax and lung can contribute to brain ischemia and rises in intracranial pressure. The treatment of one end of the CNS-respiratory axis is not without effect on the other end of the continuum. Corticosteroids, diuretics, mannitol, iatrogenic hyperventilation, barbiturates, and vasopressors are used in the management of patients with head trauma, but may have an impact on oxygenation and ventilation. When positive end expiratory pressure is used in the management of a pulmonary process, it should be optimized and used with caution while monitoring for its effect on intracranial pressure. Pulmonary toilet, while remaining a necessity, must be performed in a manner so as to minimize potential negative effects on the brain. Hyperoxia and hypothermia should be avoided. Mechanical ventilation should be used as dictated by the desired PaCO2 and not as a mandatory adjunct to endotracheal intubation. PMID- 6798487 TI - Pseudoseizures: ictal phenomena. AB - Videotapes of 71 pseudoseizures from 27 patients were reviewed and clinical phenomena were recorded. Twenty patients demonstrated decreased response to verbal stimuli; 15 described subjective phenomena; 22 had motor activity; 14 semipurposeful movements simulating epileptic automatisms; 19 alimentary phenomena; 9 respiratory change; and 12 nonverbal vocalization. Episodes could be divided into four major ictal patterns. Fifteen patients had bilateral motor episodes; three had unilateral motor episodes; eight had episodes with multiple behavioral phenomena; and three demonstrated episodes with an impaired response but no observable behavior. Eighteen of the 20 patients with multiple episodes had a stereotyped pattern. Individual phenomena often simulated epileptic activity; rarely did complete episodes closely resemble epileptic seizures. PMID- 6798488 TI - Interictal psychopathology in patients with ictal fear: a quantitative investigation. AB - We assessed the hypothesis that psychopathology is overrepresented in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who experience ictal fear. Eleven such patients were matched with two control groups: patients who had TLE without ictal fear and patients who had generalized epilepsy. On several MMPI scales, the TLE-ictal fear group scored significantly higher than the two control groups, which did not differ significantly from each other. Furthermore, the TLE-ictal fear group had more MMPI clinical scales that were pathologically elevated, had significantly more patients with histories of admission to psychiatric hospitals, and had more MMPI profiles that were psychotic than either of the control groups. PMID- 6798489 TI - Nonketotic hyperglycinemia: electroencephalographic and evoked potential abnormalities. AB - Five patients with nonketotic hyperglycinemia had serial EEGs and evoked-response studies. EEGs were grossly abnormal in all patients. In the neonatal period, the "suppression-burst" pattern was observed. The EEG changed to hypsarrhythmia during early or mid-infancy. In the second to fifth years of life, multifocal epileptiform discharges superimposed on diffuse slow background activity constituted the usual abnormality during wakefulness, but more severe disorganization of the EEG occurred in sleep with emergence of hypsarrhythmia. Four patients had abnormal brainstem auditory evoked responses, characterized by prolongation of I-V interval, and two had abnormal flash-induced visual evoked responses. PMID- 6798490 TI - Valproic acid versus ethosuximide in the treatment of absence seizures. PMID- 6798491 TI - Sodium valproate-induced hyperammonemia without clinical hepatic dysfunction. AB - Three adults on unrestricted protein diets receiving valproic aci (VPA) developed gastrointestinal symptoms with encephalopathy and/or deteriorating seizure control associated with arterial hyperammonemia and normal liver function tests. The signs and symptoms did not directly correlate with VPA dosage and the arterial ammonium levels did not correlate with serum VPA concentrations. Two of the three patients had phenobarbital concentrations above the therapeutic range, but remission of neurologic or gastrointestinal symptoms was dependent on a reduction of the VPA concentration. In one case, rechallenge with VPA reproduced hyperammonemia. PMID- 6798492 TI - Ictus emeticus. PMID- 6798493 TI - [Changes in pO2, pCO2 and pH in the arterial blood of rabbits after complete 30 minute cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6798494 TI - The role of endogenous hormonal factors in coronary disease: a review. PMID- 6798495 TI - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a twenty-year review at National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6798496 TI - Accuracy of small base metal dental castings. PMID- 6798498 TI - Cold weather morbidity among United States Navy and Marine Corps Personnel. PMID- 6798497 TI - Chemotherapy of metastatic carcinoma of the breast. PMID- 6798499 TI - Changes in the distribution of Navy and Marine Corps casualties from World War I through the Vietnam conflict. PMID- 6798500 TI - Giant bladder calculus: case report. PMID- 6798501 TI - Surgical considerations in melanoma: staging, excision, and prognostic factors. PMID- 6798502 TI - Evaluation of effects of ultraviolet, infrared, and fluorescent light on pH of local anesthetic solutions. PMID- 6798503 TI - A survey of Army hospital pharmaceutical services. PMID- 6798504 TI - Patient appraisal of current life and social stressors in a military community. PMID- 6798505 TI - Case for diagnosis. Disseminated (early) yaws. PMID- 6798506 TI - A comparison of intraoral and extraoral radiological technology. PMID- 6798507 TI - Pediatric consultation on surgical inpatients under two years of age: a valuable exercise. PMID- 6798508 TI - [Campaign against hereditary diseases. A curse for future generations]. PMID- 6798509 TI - Calcium dependency of potassium-stimulated thyrotropin-releasing hormone secretion from rat neurohypophysis in vitro. AB - The role of Ca2+ on the K+ -stimulated release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from rat neurohypophysis, stalk median eminence (SME) and hypothalamic fragments in vitro was studied. High K+ (50 mM) caused a significant increase (2 6-fold) in TRH release from all three tissues, (P less than 0.05-0.01), and this effect was inhibited (by 62-80%) on removing Ca2+ (1.8 mM) from the medium (P less than 0.01). The calcium dependency of the TRH response to a membrane depolarizing stimulus (high K+) is consistent with TRH release occurring by a neurosecretory process from the neurophypophysis, as well as from hypothalamic tissue. PMID- 6798510 TI - Locomotor hyperactivity in PCB-exposed rhesus monkeys. AB - Various aspects of locomotor activity were measured, using a crossed photobeam cage, in young rhesus monkeys (M. mulatta) whose mothers had been fed low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, Aroclor 1248) both before and during gestation and nursing. In Exp. 1, a group of young monkeys whose mothers had been fed 2.5 ppm PCBs (the 2.5 ppm concurrent-exposure group) was compared with the control group of Exp. 1 at 6 (Exp la) and 12 (Exp lb) mon of age. In Exp. lla, a group of young monkeys born from the same 2.5 ppm mothers after they had been off their 2.5 ppm PCB diets for periods ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 yr (i.e., the 2.5 ppm post-exposure group) was compared with the control group of Exp. II at 12 mon of age. In Exp. IIb, two groups of young monkeys from groups of mothers fed 0.5 and 1.0 ppm PCBs three times per week (concurrent-exposure) were compared at 12 mon of age with the control group of Exp. II. In the 12-mon tests the mean data and variability of the two control groups were very similar, both in their mean locomotor activity levels in early sessions and in activity at about half that level in later sessions, suggesting between-session adaptation over the course of the experiment. In contrast, both the concurrent and the post-exposure 2.5 ppm groups showed between-session patterns which began at control activity levels but which rose to levels at least three times those of the controls by the final sessions. In the tests conducted at 12 mon of age, locomotor activity for 15 min periods within each daily session were within measurement error of being stable for all groups except the 0.5 and 1.0 ppm groups of Exp. llb. The former exhibited increasing activity throughout each session, a pattern which persisted across all 24 sessions run. On the other hand, the 1.0 ppm group showed within session decrements which became less pronounced as the experiment continued. This latter pattern was the only one shown by any group which was consistent with the concept of "reactivity". Overall, all of the PCB-treated groups were more active than their controls with no quantitative difference related to PCB dosage. Dose effect differences appeared in the form of qualitatively different activity patterns between the groups, for which no quantitative description appeared obvious. PMID- 6798511 TI - Depression of neuromuscular function in the rat by chronic 2, 4-dithiobiuret treatment. PMID- 6798512 TI - Prepubertal ontogeny of responsiveness to estradiol in female rat central nervous system. AB - The physiological response to systemic estrogens changes dramatically during the period from birth to puberty. With the onset of puberty, the rat reaches a critical developmental plateau with regard to endocrinological responsiveness to estradiol. Since the appearance of the pubertal response pattern appears to be less a consequence of some intrinsic "trigger' than the natural continuation of a developmental sequence that begins prenatally, its ontogeny should be examined in a broad context that will take account of the impact of each of the dynamic components influencing the interactions between estradiol and the central nervous system on the functional development of the organism as a whole. The prepubertal ontogeny of endocrinological responsiveness to estradiol in the central nervous system of the female rat is examined in the context of several of the important factors that are known to influence the functional development of the hypothalamo pituitary-gonadal circuit:the rapidly changing hormonal environment of the morphologically and physiologically immature juvenile rat, the shifting predominance of alphafetoprotein and "adult" estradiol-binding protein, sexual differentiation of the neural substrate, and the development of mature pituitary gonadal feedback mechanisms. The availability of ever more sensitive techniques for the measurement of the actions of estradiol in the central nervous system of the immature organism has necessitated a re-evaluation of existing data. This, in turn, suggests that new approaches should be applied to the examination of problems related to the development of reproductive maturity of the central nervous system. PMID- 6798514 TI - Studies in sarcocystis species. VIII: Sarcocystis and Toxoplasma in red deer (Cervus elaphus). PMID- 6798513 TI - Hepatitis B serology in 1000 VD clinic attenders. AB - One thousand consecutive sera from individual patients attending the Christchurch venereal disease clinic were examined for hepatitis B surface antibody (anti HBs) and antigen (HBsAg). There were 682 males and 318 females. 182 (18.2 percent) were anti HBs positive, 126 (18.5 percent) males and 56 (17.6 percent) females. 18 (1.8 percent) were HBsAg positive, 14 (2.1 percent) males and four (1.3 percent) females. The risks of clinic staff contracting hepatitis are discussed. PMID- 6798515 TI - Legal nurse: the long-term care ombudsman. PMID- 6798516 TI - [Chemico-bacteriological effect of EDTA and its role on different bacterial strains from the dental canal]. PMID- 6798517 TI - Cytological changes of the conjunctiva in immunoglobulin-producing dyscrasias. AB - The conjunctivae of 15 patients with confirmed immunoglobulin-producing dyscrasias were examined by cytological techniques. Of 13 patients with no gross ocular symptoms, 10 showed distinct epithelial cell changes and/or the presence of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive cells. Two other patients with gross abnormalities of the conjunctiva revealed the presence of PAS-positive cells, Dutcher bodies, and lymphocytoid-plasma cells. Lymphomatous deposition may develop in the conjunctiva and present as conjunctival nodules or as a diffuse infiltration. It is concluded that the cytological preparation of conjunctival smears may serve as a sensitive indicator of systemic immunoglobulin-producing dyscrasias. PMID- 6798518 TI - Modification of corneal curvature following radial keratotomy in primates. AB - Radial keratotomy was performed on six stumptail monkey eyes (Macaca speciosa) and 22 owl monkey eyes (Aotus trivirgotus). Changes in keratometry, specular microscopy, and tonometry have been studied postoperatively for three to six months. Sixteen radial incisions in stumptail monkey eyes resulted in a significant mean corneal flattening of 2.75 diopters (P less than 0.005). This effect was stable with a mean 2.50 diopters flattening remaining six months after surgery. Sixteen radial incisions in ten owl monkey eyes resulted in a much greater short-term effect, with a mean 10.50 diopters of flattening present at two weeks postoperatively. This flattening deteriorated over the observation period, and no significant effect was noted three months after surgery. A comparison of 8 vs 16 incisions on owl monkey eyes demonstrated that these two procedures are equally effective in initially flattening the cornea. Complications and side effects encountered included perforations, irregular astigmatism, corneal neovascularization, transitory increase in pachometry, and decrease in central corneal endothelial cell density in isolated cases. PMID- 6798520 TI - The effect of EDTAC and the variation of its working time analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. AB - Scanning electron microscopy was used in an in vitro evaluation of EDTAC's effect on the dentinal wall of the root canal. The effects produced by varying its working time were observed. This analysis was done on twenty-four sections of roots in longitudinal and transversal cuts. After 5 minutes a certain cleansing effect on the dentinal wall as compared with the control was observed. the strongest effect was detected at 15 minutes, with no variations after 30 minutes. PMID- 6798519 TI - The problem of bacillus species infection with special emphasis on the virulence of Bacillus cereus. AB - Although Bacillus cereus is an uncommon ocular pathogen, infection with it usually results in loss of the eye. Although previous reports have emphasized endogenous infection, our recent experience indicates the importance of B cereus infection following trauma. Management is hampered by ineffectiveness of current empirical antibiotic regimens. This microorganism is resistant to both the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Although B cereus is susceptible to gentamicin, our studies indicate that gentamicin by itself is inadequate to eradicate the infection. B cereus, however, is susceptible to clindamycin and combined therapy with gentamicin and clindamycin appears to offer the best approach. Early diagnosis is the key to successful treatment. We believe the clinical circumstances likely to lead to B cereus infection, as well as the manifestations of the disease itself, are sufficiently distinctive to alert the ophthalmologist to the possibility of this infection. Prompt recognition of the infection should allow institution of appropriate therapy before permanent structural changes occur. PMID- 6798521 TI - Discharge planning for residents of a long term care facility. PMID- 6798522 TI - Assuring quality of care and quality of life in long term care. PMID- 6798523 TI - A model for intergrating the quality assurance activities of two small hospitals. PMID- 6798524 TI - An activities program in a long term care facility. PMID- 6798525 TI - Assessing geriatric patients and their drug therapy regimens. PMID- 6798526 TI - Tracking quality assurance problems in a large teaching hospital. PMID- 6798527 TI - Preadmission assessments for geriatric patients. PMID- 6798528 TI - Impact of peer review and itemized records on care in a health center in Bahrain. PMID- 6798529 TI - [Joint endoprosthesis (a review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 6798530 TI - [Significance of nitroglycerin infusion in coronary surgery]. PMID- 6798531 TI - [Serodiagnostic problems of Non-A, Non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6798532 TI - [Urologic program for the long-term care of children with spina bifida cystica]. PMID- 6798533 TI - Alternative pathway activation of complement in fetal lamb serum by Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae. AB - Fetal lamb serum (FLS) complement activated by incubation with Trichostrongylus vitrinus larvae was deposited on the larval surface and its presence was demonstrated by leucocyte and erythrocyte adherence reactions and by analysis of antisera from guinea-pig immunized with the larvae. The complement activation proceeded in the apparent absence of antibody and in the presence of ethylene glycol tetracetic acid (EGTA) or Mg++-EGTA but not ethylenediamine tetracetic acid (EDTA). FLS heated to 50 degrees C for 30 min was inactive, but activity was restored by addition of FLS factor B alone or factor B plus Mg++-EGTA. FLS treated with zymosan or inulin was inactive. These results suggest that this non immune activation of sheep complement by T. vitrinus takes place via the alternative pathway. PMID- 6798534 TI - The effect of chondroitin-sulfate and hyaluronic acid on glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis and secretion by cultured arterial endothelial cells. AB - The effect of the addition of chondroitin-sulfate or hyaluronic acid to the culture medium on the glycosaminoglycan and collagen content and on the glycosaminoglycan composition of pig arterial endothelial cells and of the culture medium has been studied by biochemical and morphological methods. Both chondroitin-sulfate and hyaluronic acid were found to be transported to the interior of the cultured cells and then degraded. CSA, in addition enhanced collagen synthesis within the cells, but not the rate of excretion. Hyaluronic acid did not influence collagen formation. PMID- 6798535 TI - [Anti-edema action of polyatomic alcohol preparations in experimental brain edema]. PMID- 6798538 TI - Effect of feeding on the chemical control of breathing in the newborn infant. AB - To examine the influence of feeding on the chemical control of breathing in neonates, we studied the ventilatory response to 3% CO2 in air in nine bottle fed (BOT) and eight breast fed (BR) term infants during feeding while the infants were alert. Control responses were obtained either before or after feeding, VE, respiratory frequency, tidal volume, inspiratory time, expiratory time, and sum of inspiratory and expiratory time, VT/Ti/Ttot, PACO2 and slope (S) of CO2 response (liter/min/kg/mmHg) were determined. During 3% CO2 while resting BR had a lower VE, VT, VT/Ti than BOT and S in BR was 40% of BOT (P less than 0.05). During feeding and CO2 when compared to resting and CO2 there was no difference in either BR or BOT in VT/Ti but Ti/Ttot decreased in both groups. During feeding, S in BOT was reduced from 0.049 +/- 0.012 (mean +/- S.E.) to 0.013 +/- 0.002 (74% reduction) and in BR from 0.020 +/- 0.002 to 0.009 +/- 0.002 (55%). Thus, behavioral activity (either BR or BOT) markedly depresses the ventilatory response to chemical stimuli (CO2). This modification is primarily related to changes in "effective" respiratory timing (Ti/Ttot) rather than mean inspiratory flow (VT/Vi). PMID- 6798536 TI - Dense metaphyseal bands in patients on long term parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6798537 TI - Intragastric feeding in type I glycogen storage disease: factors affecting the control of lactic acidemia. AB - Continuous nocturnal intragastric feeding, combined with frequent daytime feedings, has been reported to improve both linear growth and the metabolic abnormalities in patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (Type I Glycogen Storage Disease). However, elevated blood levels of lactate have persisted. The present studies explore the relationship between blood lactate concentrations in six patients with glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency and variations in the rate and composition of the intragastric feeding. Blood lactate and plasma glucose concentrations were determined at rates of dextrose administration ranging from 3 34 mg/kg/min. Dextrose infusion at 100-200% of estimated normal glucose production rates gave the best control of blood lactate concentrations. Lower rates of dextrose infusion resulted in significantly higher blood lactate levels; higher rates produced hyperglycemia, but no significant further reduction of blood lactate. At identical rates of glucose administration, a dextrose containing infant formula and a high carbohydrate enteric feeding solution gave no significant improvement in control of blood lactate levels compared to dextrose alone. Plasma glucose levels fell more rapidly when intragastric feeding was stopped than after a mixed meal and hypoglycemia appeared to develop before counter-regulatory responses could be mobilized. These observations may account for the increased susceptibility to symptomatic hypoglycemia reported in patients treated with intragastric feeding. PMID- 6798539 TI - Significance of transient postnatal hypothyroxinemia in premature infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome. AB - The significance of relatively low thyroxine (T4) levels in preterm infants with and without respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was assessed by evaluating the free T4 level, the thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), and intellectual development in infants less than or equal to 35 weeks with cord blood T4 concentrations less than 6.5 microgram/100 ml. Fifty-four (19 well, 28 with RDS, and seven without RDS and sick) of 215 premature infants (25%) and 27 of 8,831 term infants (0.3%) had cord T4 levels less than 6.5 microgram/100 ml. Serum T4 levels were measured in 39 surviving preterm infants (20 RDS and 19 well) during the first 5 days of life and at 2, 4, 24, and 52 weeks postnatally. Serum total T4 level during the first week was 4.5 +/- 0.3 microgram/100 ml (mean +/- SEM). Free T4 levels ranged from 1.1 to 2.2 ng/100 ml (normal adult range 0.8 to 2.3 ng/100 ml). Administration of TRH resulted in a clear increase in both TSH and T4 levels in all infants. T4 levels increased significantly (r = .70, P less than .01) with increasing postnatal age, reaching stable levels by 6 to 7 weeks. Developmental quotients obtained in the infants with low T4 levels were no different from those found in a matched control population at 12 months of age. The low T4, free T4, and TSH concentrations and normal TSH responses to TRH found in these infants are characteristic of hypothalamic (tertiary) hypothyroidism, but differ from classic tertiary hypothyroidism in that the disorder was transient. The normal intellectual development at 12 months of age and the spontaneous increase in T4 levels that occurs over the first six weeks of life suggest that the low T4 levels in these infants reflect a benign relative delay in maturation of hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid control. PMID- 6798540 TI - Pharyngeal gonorrhea. PMID- 6798542 TI - Secondary citrullinemia with hyperammonemia in four neonatal cases of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 6798543 TI - Nuances or nuisances for cutaneous bilirubinometry? PMID- 6798541 TI - Outcome of early and long-term management of classical maple syrup urine disease. AB - The outcome of 8,400 treatment days in the lives of four patients with classical maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) (present ages: 1 3/12, 5 7/12, and 8 11/12 years) are described. Each diagnosis was made by clinical signs rather than by newborn screening. Acute-phase treatment beginning on the 11th day of life comprised peritoneal dialysis, intravenous lipid, and early intestinal alimentation. Mean age at discharge from hospital was 29 days. There were 16 readmissions to the hospital for the group (89 days, 1.05% treatment days) without any serious neurologic symptoms. The mean level of plasma leucine for the group (for levels below 1 mM) during treatment was 0.42 mM (normal for age range, 0.077 +/- 0.021 mM [mean +/- SD]). Plasma leucine exceeded 1 mM during 1.02% of treatment days (representing 8.6% of 1,042 measurements. Mean levels of plasma valine and isoleucine were 60% and 70% of the plasma leucine value for the group. Tolerance for dietary leucine did not exceed 620 mg/day in any patient. Somatic growth was normal and the mean current IQ/development quotient (DQ) score is 101 (range 89 to 117); the three oldest patients attend regular schools. A characteristic EEG pattern resembling the teeth of a comb was observed in three patients during the acute phase in the newborn period but not during long-term treatment. These results were obtained in an ambulatory program with home visiting. PMID- 6798544 TI - Transpyloric and intermittent gavage feeding. PMID- 6798545 TI - Cerebral edema and ophthalmoplegia reversed by mannitol in a new case of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Cerebral edema is a sometimes fatal complication of diabetic ketoacidosis which occurs unpredictably and when biochemical parameters show improvement. A case of a young, newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetic boy who developed this complication while receiving a low-dose continuous insulin infusion is reported. Two hours after treatment signs of headache, ophthalmoplegia, and blurred disc margins suggested early cerebral edema. Despite fluid restriction, avoidance of alkali, and phosphate supplementation, cerebral edema ensued three hours later. This complication was then reversed by administration of mannitol. Our patient's ophthalmoplegia, unlike typical diabetic ophthalmoplegia, improved immediately and completely resolved within two weeks after this episode. It is concluded that the use of mannitol in the cerebral edema of diabetic ketoacidosis is beneficial if it is instituted promptly. PMID- 6798546 TI - [Changes in peripheral lymphocyte function in children in the inactive phase of rheumatic fever]. PMID- 6798547 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in childhood. PMID- 6798548 TI - Tension response and 45Ca release in vascular smooth muscle incubated in Ca-free solution. AB - The contractile response of arterial smooth muscles induced by agonists as noradrenaline or histamine in Ca-free solution consists of two phases: an initial phasic component, which is transient and accompanied by a release of cellular Ca, and a small tonic component, which persists as long as the agonist is present. A second admission of the agonist without reexposure to Ca elicits only the tonic component. This tonic contraction differs in several respects from the phasic response obtained in Ca-free solution: it is independent of the duration of exposure to the Ca-free solution, it can be elicited many times without reexposure to Ca, and it is not accompanied by a measurable release of Ca from the cells. During superfusion with Ca-free solution, a tonic contraction is also induced by fluoride ions at concentrations exceeding 4 mM. The amplitude of this contraction is maximal at about 12 mM. Increasing the fluoride concentration shortens the delay between the addition of the F-- and the onset of the contraction. As is the case for the tonic noradrenaline-response, the F--induced contractions can be elicited many times without reexposure to Ca. The tonic contractions evoked by noradrenaline or histamine and by fluoride ions are additive. Both contractions are reversibly inhibited by caffeine, theophylline, Na-nitroprusside, papaverine and by nitroglycerine. The possibility that these tonic contractions are not accompanied by an increase of the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration is discussed. PMID- 6798549 TI - The influence of changes in pCO2 on the fractional packed cell volume of whole blood. AB - In order to investigate the influence of changes in pCO2 on the fractional packed cell volume (FPCV, hematocrit) of whole blood, a device for measuring the conductivity was developed. This method allows an instantaneous and continuous determination of the FPCV, because the erythrocyte membrane has insulating properties, and, consequently, the resistance of blood depends on the relative cell volume. The steady state and transient relationships between FPCV and acid base levels were investigated by combining this method with simultaneous recordings of pCO2. The experiments showed that addition of CO2 caused an increase in the resistance of whole blood, whereas the resistance of separated plasma decreased slightly and the resistance of true plasma remained almost constant. The change in the FPCV (delta H) can be described by a linear function of pH or log pCO2 (formula: see text). The transient response of the resistance, after a stepwise increase in the CO2 content, was found to be the slowest process in attaining an acid-base equilibrium. In blood with acetazolamide, the time courses of changes in pH and pCO2 were retarded, whereas the time course of the resistance change reflecting the swelling of the erythrocytes was nearly the same (T 50 approximately equal to 4 s). This may indicate a rate-limited water shift due to a slight water permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6798550 TI - Effects of CO2, acetylcholine and caerulein in 45Ca efflux from isolated mouse pancreatic fragments. PMID- 6798551 TI - Acid-base maneuvers and phosphate transport in the isolated rat kidney. AB - The influence of bicarbonate (HCO3-), the carbon dioxide tension (PCO2), and pH on phosphate (Pi) excretion were assessed in isolated rat kidneys, perfused in vitro with recirculating synthetic solutions. After establishing control values, the perfusate HCO3- or PCO2 was altered separately. When the perfusate pH was decreased, either by increasing PCO2 or decreasing HCO3-, the absolute and fractional Pi excretions increased. Perfusate alkalinization by slightly decreasing the PCO2 did not affect Pi excretion, but increasing the perfusate pH with addition of HCO3- elicited phosphaturia. Other kidneys were perfused with a solution from which the CO2/HCO3- buffer system was nominally absent. Alkalinization of HCO3--free perfusate had no effect upon Pi excretion, but acidification resulted in marked phosphaturia. Perfusate acidification, whether achieved by decreasing HCO3-, increasing PCO2, or by adding hydrogen ions, uniformly elicited phosphaturia. The data indicate that either decreasing the extracellular pH or increasing the extracellular HCO3- inhibits renal Pi reabsorption. PMID- 6798552 TI - Organochlorines in wild mink (Mustela vison) from Norway. AB - Levels of PCBs, DDE, and HCB have been determined in wild mink caught in the Norwegian counties of Sogn and Fjordane, Rogaland, and Hedmark. No significant differences were founds in organochlorine levels in wild mink from these counties, and the average level, based on fat weight, in abdominal adipose tissue was about 1 ppm DDE, 0.1 ppm HCB and for PCB ranging from 1 to 15 ppm. PMID- 6798553 TI - [Hormonal regulation of the menstrual cycle (author's transl)]. AB - The menstrual cycle is regulated by a complex hormonal system with positive and negative feedback mechanisms and changes in sensitivity of peripheral tissues. Four concepts appear to be fundamental: -- regular, pulsatile secretion of LHR is necessary to the functioning of the system; -- regulation is to a great extent effected by the pituitary gland in response to changes in ovarian steroid levels; -- changes in ovarian steroid levels are due to regulatory changes in receptivity to pituitary hormones, as well as to variations in enzyme activities; -- at the periphery, changes in hormonal impacts are accompanied by modifications of receptivity to steroid hormones. PMID- 6798554 TI - [Sodium valproate, platelet dysfunction and bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - Haemorrhagic tendencies, thrombocytopenia and/or platelet dysfunction have been reported in patients under sodium valproate (VPA) treatment for epilepsy. The true incidence and significance of these side-effects are discussed in the present paper based on case reports and systematic enquiries. The following conclusions emerge: VPA is responsible for thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction. These side-effects are dose-related, and the daily dosage should never exceed 40 mg/kg. Their mechanism is obscure and several explanations have been put forward. The effects of VPA on blood platelets may be considered as idiosyncratic in nature and have little clinical relevance unless patients contract an infectious disease or require surgery; only in such cases would a coagulation study be required. PMID- 6798555 TI - The 5S ribosomal RNA of Euglena gracilis cytoplasmic ribosomes is closely homologous to the 5S RNA of the trypanosomatid protozoa. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the major species of cytoplasmic 5S ribosomal RNA of Euglena gracilis has been determined. The sequence is: 5' GGCGUACGGCCAUACUACCGGGAAUACACCUGAACCCGUUCGAUUUCAGAAGUUAAGCCUGGUCAGGCCCAGUUAGUAC UGAGGUGGGCGACCACUUGGGAACACUGGGUGCUGUACGCUUOH3'. This sequence can be fitted to the secondary structural models recently proposed for eukaryotic 5S ribosomal RNAs (1,2). Several properties of the Euglena 5S RNA reveal a close phylogenetic relationship between this organism and the protozoa. Large stretches of nucleotide sequences in predominantly single-stranded regions of the RNA are homologous to that of the trypanosomatid protozoan Crithidia fasticulata. There is less homology when compared to the RNAs of the green alga Chlorella or to the RNAs of the higher plants. The sequence AGAAC near position 40 that is common to plant 5S RNAs is CGAUU in both Euglena and Crithidia. The Euglena 5S RNA has secondary structural features at positions 79-99 similar to that of the protozoa and different from that of the plants. The conclusions drawn from comparative studies of cytochrome c structures which indicate a close phylogenetic relatedness between Euglena and the trypanosomatid protozoa are supported by the comparative data with 5S ribosomal RNAs. PMID- 6798556 TI - [Use of polyvalent vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in extensive burns]. PMID- 6798557 TI - The effect of intraventricular phenylethylamine and octopamine on the central effects of tremorine and pilocarpine and the acetylcholine level in the rat brain. AB - Phenylethylamine (PEA, 50 and 100 microgram ivc) and octopamine (OCT, 50 and 250 microgram ivc) potentiated the tremorine (10 mg/kg ip) induced hypothermia in the rat. This effect was partially antagonized by atropine (10 mg/kg ip). PEA and OCT significantly prolonged the duration of pilocarpine (100 mg/kg iv) induced catalepsy in rats. PEA (100 microgram ivc) and OCT (250 microgram ivc) depressed the acetylcholine (ACh) level in the cerebral cortex and striatum but did not affect it in the hippocampus. In addition, these amines enhanced the synthesis of ACh in the cerebral cortex, and PEA also in the rat striatum. PMID- 6798558 TI - Experiments with nonthrombogenic and thrombogenic collagen in laboratory and clinical use. AB - The Negatively Charged Glutaraldehyde Tanned (NCGT) graft has now encompassed 12 years in experimental animals and five years clinical experience with 134 grafts in man. It demonstrates that vessel wall structure, interface-charge, electric potential and polarity at the blood intimal interface are critical in the prevention of intravascular thrombosis in both vascular tree and vascular prosthetic grafts. The hemostatic properties of a new solvating positively charged hemostatic collagen (superstat) were first evaluated in 30 dogs using a skin pouch preparation and incisions in spleen and liver. The results were striking. The effectiveness in man has been determined by more than 130 applications in various surgical procedures. In several, it was used in emergencies to produce hemostasis which could not be obtained by any other material available. Hemostasis is obtained rapidly with Superstat, an effective electron sink, even in heparinized patients. Finally, the material has demonstrated that it rapidly produces hemostasis while dissolving, does not develop abnormal adhesions, fibroplasia of foreign body reaction. PMID- 6798559 TI - Lysine-chloride interactions in the growing chick. AB - Nutritional interactions between dietary chloride and lysine in the young chick were investigated. Chloride, varying over four levels from .44 to 1.84% of the diet, was included in diets containing limiting (.7%) or adequate (1.1%) levels of lysine. Increasing chloride in diets containing either level of lysine resulted in a depression of growth rate and feed consumption (P less than .01). The efficiency of feed utilization for growth was significantly lowered only when chicks were fed diets containing the highest level of chloride (P less than .05). Plasma lysine concentrations were greater in chicks fed the lysine adequate diet; plasma arginine was unchanged. Plasma lysine and arginine concentrations were unaffected by chloride. In a second experiment chicks were fed a lysine deficient (.7%), lysine adequate (1.2%), high lysine (2.5%), or high lysine (2.5%) high arginine (2.3%) diet with varying levels of chloride. Increasing dietary chloride depressed weight gains. This effect was most dramatic in those chicks fed the high lysine diet. Increasing dietary arginine alleviated the effect of chloride in the high lysine diet. Plasma sodium and potassium were unaffected by dietary lysine and chloride levels. Plasma chloride tended to be greater in chicks receiving high chloride diets and were highest in chicks fed the high lysine diet. We conclude that dietary chloride does not influence the lysine requirement of chicks but exacerbates the lysine-arginine antagonism. PMID- 6798560 TI - An evaluation of permethrin, carbaryl, and amitraz for the control of northern fowl mites on caged chickens. AB - In two trials at the University poultry farm, two formulations of the synthetic pyrethroid permethrin (Ectiban 5.0% EC and Ectiban .25% Livestock Dust) were compared against carbaryl and amitraz sprays for the control of northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on caged birds. Under continuous reinfestation pressure, birds treated with dust did not support live mites in the vent region until 7 weeks posttreatment in comparison to 4 weeks with the permethrin 0.5% spray. Initially, both carbaryl (.5%) and amitraz (0.5%) sprays were as effective in controlling mites as the permethrin spray but did not provide protection for as long a period. Individual birds were either had dusted or treated with low pressure sprays. PMID- 6798561 TI - [Intracellular pool of free amino acids in a wild strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum and its lysine-producing mutants]. AB - The intracellular content of free amino acids was measured in the wild-type strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum 13032 and its lysine producing mutants 410 and 133, resistant to the combined effect of threonine and S-2-aminoethyl cysteine, a lysine analog. After 18- and 48-hour cultivation of all strains the major components of the amino acid pool were glutamic acid, alanine and lysine, and those of the cell-free supernatant were alanine and lysine. After 18-hour cultivation the lysine content in mutants was 2-3 times higher than in the wild type strain. After 48-hour cultivation the lysine content in mutants remained unchanged and in the wild-type strain increased. After 18- and 48-hour cultivation the lysine content in the supernatant of mutants was 15 and 33 times higher than in that of the parental strain. These findings are compared with the activities of aspartokinase from Cor. glutamicum 13032, 410 and 133. PMID- 6798563 TI - [Changes in the enzyme activity of lymphocytes and neutrophils after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6798562 TI - [Azoalbumin hydrolysis by Bacillus subtilis 72 subtilisin]. AB - The kinetic parameters of azoalbumin hydrolysis by alkaline proteinase from Bacillus subtilis were determined to be Km = 1.2 . 10(-3) M, kcat = 1.5 sec-1 according to the method of Lainuiwer-Berk and Km = 4 . 10(-3) M, kcat = 0.5 sec-1 from the analysis of the entire kinetic curve. It was found that pH optimum of subtilizin hydrolysis of various substrates and the shape of the curve depended on the substrate nature. PMID- 6798564 TI - [Parenteral and oral feeding after laryngectomy for cancer with primary laryngoplasty]. PMID- 6798565 TI - [Variants of the course of von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6798566 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin coding sequences for the heavy-chain variable region arose as repeats of the two short building blocks. AB - The coding sequence for the 97-amino-acid-residue-long immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (VH) regions of the mouse apparently arose as repeats of the two short building blocks. Three of the recognizable copies of the one 21-base-long prototype sequence A-C-T-G-G-A-T-A-T-G-A-C-C-T-G-G-A-G-T-G-G are invariably found to occupy the fixed positions within the 5' half of each VH coding sequence. Interestingly, the first and third copies specify the relatively invariant regions represented by the 7th to 13th and 41st to 47th amino acid residues (the first and second framework regions), whereas the second copy specifies the first hypervariable region (31st to 35th amino acid residues). These copies maintain at least 57.2% (12 out of 21) base sequence homology to the above-noted prototype building block. Base sequences of the other 14- to 15-base-long prototype building block differ from each other by as much as 60% between individual VHS. Yet one of its copies invariably occupies the terminal region of each VH coding sequence, thus specifying the very invariant third framework region. Other copies occupy unfixed positions in the VH and its attendant hydrophobic leader coding sequence as well as in adjacent noncoding sequences. The homology thus revealed between the VH coding sequence and its adjacent noncoding sequences suggests their concordant evolution. PMID- 6798567 TI - Stimulated macrophages express a new glycoprotein receptor reactive with Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 isolectin. AB - This paper presents data on reactions of murine macrophages with a variety of lectins, with special focus on Griffonia simplicifolia I-B4 isolectin, the only lectin we tried that distinguishes stimulated macrophages from resident populations. Specificity of Griffonia simplicifolia I reaction with carbohydrate determinants at the cell surface is shown by (i) ability of alpha-galactosidase treatment of intact cells to abolish all lectin binding whereas beta galactosidase has no effect on lectin binding, (ii) ability of methyl alpha-D galactopyranoside to completely inhibit lectin binding with methyl alpha-D galactopyranoside having no effect on lectin binding, (iii) ability of brief treatment of intact cells with trypsin to liberate a glycopeptide but reacts with G. simplicifolia I to form a precipitate that is dissolved by addition of methyl alpha-D-galactopyranoside or alpha-galactosidase, (iv) ability of methyl alpha-D galactopyranoside (but no other monosaccharide) to completely inhibit avid binding of macrophages to G. simplicifolia I lectin immobilized on an insoluble support, and (v) ability of immobilized lectin to separate macrophages into highly pure subpopulations of lectin-reactive and lectin-unreactive cells, as shown by examination of fluorescein-labeled lectin-treated cells with phase contrast/fluorescence microscopy. PMID- 6798568 TI - Decrease in macrophage antigen catabolism caused by ammonia and chloroquine is associated with inhibition of antigen presentation to T cells. AB - This paper describes the effects of two lysosomotropic compounds, ammonia and chloroquine, on the interaction of mononuclear phagocytes with immune T cells. The uptake and ingestion of Listeria monocytogenes by macrophages were not affected by the drugs; however, the macrophage catabolism of 125I-labeled Listeria was reduced in a dose-dependent way. The macrophage presentation of Listeria to T cells, an I-region-dependent phenomenon, was also inhibited. The degree of inhibition of catabolism paralleled that of antigen presentation. The inhibition of antigen presentation took place if the macrophages were treated before and during Listeria uptake; minimal inhibition took place if the macrophages were treated 30 min after Listeria ingestion, at which time a significant amount of bacteria was already catabolized. Our previous studies had shown that the macrophage-associated antigen recognized by T cells became apparent 30-60 min after uptake of Listeria. We conclude that ammonia and chloroquine affected an intracellular handling step required for the expression of the immunogen relevant for T-cell recognition. PMID- 6798569 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against human factor VIII molecular neutralize antihemophilic factor and ristocetin cofactor activities. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies have been raised against a preparation of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor molecule. Of the seven hybridomas showing specific activity against the factor VIII molecule in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay, three (F4.55, F4.77, and F4.264) have been shown to partially inhibit ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation and two (F4.115 and F4.415) inhibit the antihemophilic activity of the factor VIII molecule. An additional monoclonal antibody was directed against a contaminant of the factor VIII preparation and is an antifibrinogen antibody. PMID- 6798571 TI - Human liver nucleolar antigens. AB - In an extension of previous studies on the antigens in rat liver nucleoli (R. K. Busch, R. C. Reddy, D. H. Henning, and H. Busch, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 160, 185 (1979); R. K. Busch and H. Busch, Tumori 63, 347 (1977); F. M. Davis, R. K. Busch, L. C. Yeoman, and H. Busch, Cancer Res. 38, 1906 (1978), rabbit antibodies were elicited to human liver nucleoli isolated by the sucrose--Mg2+ method (10). Fluorescent nucleoli were found in liver cryostat sections treated with rabbit anti-human liver nucleolar antibodies followed by fluorescein-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibodies. In HeLa cells, fluorescence was distributed throughout the nucleus and in a nuclear network but was not localized to the nucleolus. In placental cryostat sections, an overall nuclear fluorescence was observed with some localization to nucleoli. Immunodiffusion analysis revealed two immunoprecipitin bands which appeared to be liver specific. Other immunoprecipitin bands were common to liver, placenta, and HeLa nuclear extracts. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis revealed two liver-specific antigens, one migrating to the cathode and the other to the anode Other rockets exhibited identity to antigens of other nuclear extracts. These results demonstrate the presence of human liver nucleolar-specific antigens which were not found in the HeLa and placental cells. PMID- 6798570 TI - Conserved 5S rRNA complement to tRNA is not required for protein synthesis. AB - The notion that tRNA and 5S rRNA interact through evolutionarily conserved complementary sequences has been tested by nucleolytic modification of the 5S rRNA, using the modified rRNA to reconstitute the large ribosomal subunit, and assaying for poly(uridylic acid)-directed polyphenylalanine synthesis. The 5S rRNA sequence C-G-A-A (residues 43-46) and several residues surrounding it are not essential for protein synthesis. PMID- 6798572 TI - Protection from oxygen-induced seizures by clonazepam and propylene glycol. AB - General anesthetics, ganglionic blocking agents, anticonvulsants, and antioxidants have been shown to afford protection from seizures caused by exposure to hyperbaric oxygen. In the present study cats were exposed to 5 ATA oxygen in pairs in a hyperbaric chamber until both the control and pretreated cat convulsed or for a maximum 120 min exposure. Small amounts of four common antiepileptic agents and propylene glycol in amounts far less than previously reported (0.1 to 0.2 ml/kg) were initially tested for potential anticonvulsant activity. Two agents, clonazepam and propylene glycol, offered significant protection in delaying the onset of seizures whereas carbamazepine, valproic acid, and trimethadione appeared to hasten the onset of seizure activity. The time to seizures was increased nearly five times by clonazepam and over three times by very small amounts of propylene glycol. PMID- 6798573 TI - Neurotensin inhibits LH release. AB - The present studies were designed to assess the effect of neurotensin on the release of LH, FSH, and prolactin in long-term castrated female rats. The animals were implanted in the lateral ventricle of the brain wih a cannula to allow the administration of either neurotensin or the vehicle. The peptide (30 microgram, dissolved in saline) or the control saline solution was injected intraventricularly in a volume of 10 microliter following pentobarbital anesthesia. Blood samples were collected at sacrifice 15, 30 and 60 min after injection. A significant decrease of serum LH levels was already present in neurotensin-treated animals at 15 min, and was maintained up to the end of the experiment. This decrease was not accompanied by any change in FSH or prolactin secretion. The results suggest that this tridecapeptide participates in the control of LH release and provide new data on the separate control of the release of the two gonadotropins. PMID- 6798574 TI - Acceleration of low-density lipoprotein catabolism in man by total parenteral nutrition. AB - Since insulin enhances the catabolism of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by cultured human cells, a potential role of insulin in the regulation of plasma LDL levels in man is suggested. To evaluate the possible effect of insulin on LDL catabolism in vivo, the disappearance rates of injected 125I-labeled autologous LDL were determined before and after endogenous hyperinsulinemia was evoked by total parenteral nutrition. Multicompartmental analysis of plasma decay curves showed a 26% increase in the fractional catabolic rate of LDL after total parenteral nutrition was started. An associated reduction of plasma cholesterol levels resulted from changes in both LDl and high-density lipoprotein. These results suggest that the reduction of LDL levels during total parenteral nutrition is at least partly accounted for by enhanced LDL catabolism. It is postulated that the enhanced LDL catabolism may result from the hyperinsulinemia that accompanies total parenteral nutrition, via insulin stimulation of receptor mediated LDL catabolism. PMID- 6798575 TI - Contraction of the canine basilar artery following linoleic, arachidonid 13 hydroperoxylinoleic, or 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid. PMID- 6798576 TI - Human milk: Defense against infection. AB - The neonate is deficient in the main antibody that protects mucosal membranes, the secretory IgA. While developing this immune system the breast-fed baby is provided with 0.25-0.5 grams per day of secretory IgA antibodies via the milk. These antibodies which function in concert with other defense factors in milk such as lactoferrin are directed against a number of micro-organisms that threaten the neonate. Recent studies suggest that it may be possible by vaccination of the mother to increase the immunity provided the breast-fed infant via the milk secretory IgA antibodies. Breast-feeding results in a lower frequency of infections in the infant, not only developing countries, but also in societies like Canada and USA. In developing countries the most dangerous period of a child's life begins with weaning when the protection of the breast milk vanishes and often heavily contaminated food is introduced. The large number of infections, especially diarrhea, that follow may be a major factor impairing growth and development with accompanying undernutrition. Utilization of available nutrients is much improved if these infections can be prevented. PMID- 6798577 TI - Energy intake and whole body protein dynamics in man. PMID- 6798578 TI - Stabilization and cleavage of steroid receptors: effects of leupeptin and molybdate on rat kidney glucocorticoid receptors. PMID- 6798579 TI - Direct and indirect effects of estrogens on thyroidal economy of man. PMID- 6798580 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction and binding of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in human prostate. PMID- 6798581 TI - Metastasis of rat prostate adenocarcinoma cells. PMID- 6798582 TI - Naturally occurring food toxicants: toxic lipids. PMID- 6798583 TI - Essential fatty acids deficiency in humans. PMID- 6798584 TI - Double-blind trial of nifedipine in angina patients with normal coronary arteries. AB - A double-blind trial was carried out in 33 patients with the syndrome of angina and normal coronary arteries, comparing the effects of nifedipine and placebo on the frequency and severity of anginal attacks, glyceryl trinitrate consumption and exercise tolerance. Electrocardiograms were abnormal at rest in 16 and normal in 17 patients. Five patients developed electrocardiographic changes suggestive or myocardial ischaemia on exertion. Exercise thallium 201 scintigraphy showed evidence of regional myocardial ischaemia in 4 patients. Of 30 patients who completed the trial, 16 reported fewer, less severe anginal attacks on nifedipine than on placebo; glyceryl trinitrate consumption was lower during nifedipine thn during placebo therapy. However, the reduction in angina and glyceryl trinitrate consumption in the group as a whole was not statistically significant; the results from 1 particular patient heavily influenced the statistical analysis against significant benefit from nifedipine. Exercise tolerance was similar on nifedipine and placebo. Two-thirds of the patients reported unwanted effects from nifedipine; 3 patients withdrew because of intolerable side-effects. It is concluded that nifedipine may reduce the frequency and severity of anginal attacks in some patients with angina and normal coronary arteries but the high incidence of side-effects may limit its usefulness. PMID- 6798585 TI - Mediation of Ventilatory Adaptations. PMID- 6798586 TI - A technique for quantitating suckling behavior in brooder reared kittens. PMID- 6798587 TI - The effects of arachidonic acid an aqueous humor dynamics of the isolated arterially perfused cat eye. PMID- 6798588 TI - Lithium stimulates thromboxane B2 formation in human platelets. AB - The aggregation of human platelets is enhanced after preincubations with lithium salts. Previously it was shown that lithium inhibits adenylate cyclase activity in human platelets. Enhancement of aggregation and inhibition of adenylate cyclase by lithium was not observed in rabbit platelets. In this paper it is shown that in human platelets lithium enhances considerably the synthesis of thromboxane B2, whereas the synthesis of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha was enhanced to a lesser extent. In rabbit platelets lithium had no effect on prostaglandin synthesis. It is concluded that lithium specifically stimulates the synthesis of thromboxanes in human platelets, probably due to the previously reported inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity, resulting in an increased aggregability. PMID- 6798589 TI - Effect of PGE1, PGE2 and PGI2 on ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial infarction in conscious dogs: relation to infarct size. AB - The relation between the effect of vasodilator prostaglandins on ventricular arrhythmias during myocardial infarction and infarct size was studied in conscious dogs. Two infarct-limiting drugs, nitroglycerin and ibuprofen, were also studied for comparison. Infusions were given between 20 and 380 minutes after occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery: intravenously for saline (N = 27), ibuprofen (N = 14), and nitroglycerin (N = 14); left atrially for PGE1 (N = 11), PGE2 (N = 12) and PGI2 (N = 18). Doses of prostaglandins and nitroglycerin were adjusted to decrease mean arterial pressure by 5%. Pathologic infarct size was measured 2 days post-occlusion. During the infusion period, ventricular fibrillation (VF) deaths were nil with PGI2 (p less than 0.05) and nitroglycerin (p less than 0.1), ventricular premature beats (VPB's) were less (p less than 0.01) with PGI2, PGE2 and nitroglycerin, and collateral blood flow (microspheres) increased with PGE1, PGI2 and nitroglycerin but did not change with saline, PGE2 and ibuprofen. Infarct size, as percent of left ventricle or occluded bed, was less (p less than 0.05) with PGE1, PGI2, nitroglycerin and ibuprofen but similar with PGE2 and saline. Thus, PGE2 diminished VPB's despite no effect on flow or infarct size. In contrast, both PGE1 and PGI2 diminished VPB's, increased flow and decreased infarct size, but PGI2 also reduced VF mortality. PMID- 6798590 TI - Glycyrrhizin inhibits prostaglandin E2 production by activated peritoneal macrophages from rats. AB - Glycyrrhizin was found to inhibit prostaglandin E2 production by activated rat peritoneal macrophages. Preincubation of the cells with glycyrrhizin increases its inhibitory effectiveness. Glycyrrhetinic acid, the aglycone of glycyrrhizin, at a dose of 100 microgram per ml also inhibited prostaglandin E2 production, but the inhibition was considered to be attributable to a toxic effect on the cells since more than 30% of the cells were detached from the dish during the 8 hr incubation period. In contrast, glycyrrhizin did not detach the cells from the dish at doses up to 3 mg per ml. Release of [3H]arachidonic acid from prelabeled cells was also inhibited by glycyrrhizin. It is likely that anti-inflammatory activity of glycyrrhizin depends at least in part on its inhibitory effect of the production of prostaglandin E2. PMID- 6798591 TI - Bioconversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by Graafian follicles and stroma from the human ovary. AB - In order to study production of prostaglandins (PGs) by human pre-ovulatory ovarian tissue, bioconversion of 14C-arachidonic acid to PGs was examined using homogenates of human Graafian follicles and stromal tissues fully stimulated by endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone in the regular menstrual cycle. Among the radioactive metabolites extracted, PGE2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha were purified and identified by silicic acid column-, thin layer-, reversed phase partition chromatographies and radio-gas chromatography. The follicular tissue was shown to convert 14C-arachidonic acid to PGE2 at a conversion rate of 0.34% but not to 6 keto PGF1 alpha. On the other hand, the stromal tissue was demonstrated to produce not only 14C-labeled PGE2 at a conversion of 0.09% but mainly 14C labelled 6-keto PGF1 alpha at 0.26%. PMID- 6798592 TI - Inhibition of vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses by PGE1 in the intestinal vascular bed of the cat. AB - The effects of PGE1 on vascular resistance, vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and pressor hormones and vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were investigated in the feline mesenteric vascular bed. Infusions of PGE1, 1.0 and 0.1 micrograms/min, into the superior mesenteric artery dilated the mesenteric vascular bed and markedly inhibited vasoconstrictor responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation, norepinephrine and angiotensin and to vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin. The response to the highest dose of bradykinin was reversed to a pressor response during infusion of PGE1. In contrast, mesenteric perfusion pressure and vasoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation and pressor hormones and vasodilator responses to bradykinin and nitroglycerin were unchanged during the lowest rate of infusion of PGE1, 0.01 microgram/min. When the decrease in (initial value) vascular resistance was taken into account by expressing vasodilator responses on a percent decrease basis, infusion of PGE1 reduced or reversed the vasodilator responses to bradykinin whereas the vasodilator responses to nitroglycerin were not altered. Results of these studies suggest that PGE1 may influence vasomotor tone and responses to pressor hormones and bradykinin in the mesenteric vascular bed of the cat. PMID- 6798593 TI - Effects of acute paraquat toxicity on circulating levels of arachidonic acid, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in the beagle. AB - We studied the effects of paraquat (25 mg/kg, free base, I.V.) on the circulating plasma levels of arachidonic acid, PGF2 alpha and PGE2 in the beagle. The arachidonic acid level was quantified by GLC and prostaglandins by radioimmunoassay. The plasma levels of arachidonic acid after paraquat treatment were decreased to 50.8% of control at 0.5 hrs. Thereafter the levels increased with time reaching a maximum level of 127.8% at 12 hrs, from which it decreased to 82.8% of control at 24 hrs. Concurrent with these changes in arachidonic acid, the plasma PGE2 levels at 0.5, 1.5, 6.0, 12.0 and 24.0 hrs were significantly decreased to 65.4%, 42.5%, 52.4%, 41.0% and 50.3% of control levels, respectively. In contrast to these findings the plasma levels of PGF2 alpha after paraquat treatment were insignificantly elevated at 0.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.0 hrs, to 174.3%, 170.4%, 119.3%, 183.3% and 180.3% of control respectively. The ratio of PGE2/PGF2 alpha exhibited a significant decrease at 12.0 and 24.0 hrs. Histopathological studies revealed insignificant changes of the lungs, but marked changes of the kidney. We concluded from these studies that changes in plasma levels of prostaglandins may be related to the acute nephrotoxicity caused by paraquat in dogs. PMID- 6798594 TI - Feedback modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by arachidonic acid metabolites: possible molecular mechanisms and relevance to diabetes mellitus. AB - Recent evidence suggests that glucose stimulation of insulin release may trigger a classic negative feedback loop involving local release of an inhibitor of beta cell function. One or more metabolite of arachidonic acid could comprise such putative system. Several metabolic events triggered by glucose-induced stimulus secretion coupling (such as calcium influx, membrane turnover, augmented reduced pyridine nucleotide or glutathione levels, and alterations in toxic oxygen radical availability) would be expected to alter arachidonic acid release and subsequent metabolism via the lipoxygenase or cyclo-oxygenase pathways. At lease one arachidonate derivative (prostaglandin E) inhibits insulin secretion, and several inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis augment glucose-induced insulin release in normal subjects and type II diabetics. Development of more selective inhibitors of arachidonate metabolism could represent a new approach to therapeutic manipulation of beta cell function. PMID- 6798595 TI - Indomethacin inhibits arachidonic acid metabolism via lipoxygenase and cyclo oxygenase in hamster isolated lungs. AB - 14C-Arachidonic acid (AA, 66 nmol) was injected into the pulmonary circulation of isolated perfused hamster lungs. The metabolites were analysed from the nonrecirculating perfusion effluent, which was extracted with ethyl acetate first at pH 7.4 (to extract unmetabolized AA, metabolites of lipoxygenase and HHT) and then at pH 3.5 for prostaglandins and thromboxanes. When indomethacin was infused into the pulmonary circulation, the metabolism of AA was decreased dose dependently. The amounts of all metabolites were decreased rather similarly by indomethacin. The present study indicates that indomethacin inhibits arachidonate metabolism via cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase in hamster isolated lungs. PMID- 6798596 TI - [The treatment of epilepsies with Convulsofin]. AB - The testing of Convulsofin carried out in 220 patients at 14 clinics over a period of six months confirms the international experience gained with valproic acid and sodium valproinate. The main field of application of Convulsofin according to the experience gained will again be the treatment of fits in generalised primary epilepsy for which it permits to carry out a monotherapy to a remarkable extent. The favourable effect of the preparation in photosensitivity could be confirmed. Also in generalised secondary epilepsy and in fits of partial epilepsy. Convulsofin is partly effective, so that it can recommended as a co medication in the treatment of therapy-resistant forms of these epilepsies which are difficult to treat. Decrease in thrombocytes, transient increase in serum transaminases, gastrointestinal disorders, loss of hair and undesired increases in body-weight were the more frequently occurring side-effects. PMID- 6798597 TI - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone test in the diagnosis of unipolar depression. AB - The establishment of criteria for a blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) may prove useful in distinguishing patients with major unipolar depression from patients with nonmajor depressions and controls. To this end, we administered the TRH test to a group of depressed, euthyroid inpatients diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria and 20 normal volunteer controls. The mean maximal TSH response (delta TSH) to infusion of 500 micrograms of TRH of 7.3 +/- SD 4.6 microIU/ml in the 105 patients with major depressive disorder, primary unipolar subtype was significantly lower than that of 13.4 +/- SD 4.4 in the 20 controls and 10.9 +/- SD 4.4 in the 40 patients with nonmajor depressions. The differences were not explainable by differences in baseline thyroid function, age, or sex. When a delta TSH less than or equal to 7.0 microIU/ml was used as a diagnostic test for unipolar depression, the sensitivity of the TRH test was 56%, the specificity 93%, and the predictive value 91%. These results suggest that the TRH test may be useful in confirming the diagnosis of major unipolar depression and hence identifying patients likely to respond to antidepressant medications or electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 6798598 TI - The TRH test in the diagnosis of major and minor depression. PMID- 6798599 TI - Two opposite effects of diazepam on fear by differential training in the CER paradigm. AB - Two groups of rats were trained in a CER paradigm. The conditioned stimulus was a sound, the unconditioned stimulus was an electric shock. Group 1 received conventional CER training before the effects of different doses of diazepam were studied. For Group 2 the shock was always and exclusively given contingent on pretreatment with diazepam. After prolonged training the compound thus became a discriminative stimulus complex (DSC) and produced response suppression during the CS. Group 2 was also challenged with various doses of diazepam. The results showed that diazepam acquired diametrically different properties in the two groups. Group 1 exhibited disinhibitory effects and Group 2 suppressive effects, which may reflect anxiolytic and anxiogenic properties, respectively. PMID- 6798600 TI - Binding of antiparkinsonian ergot derivatives to the dopamine receptor. AB - The effects of bromocriptine, lisuride and apomorphine on specific binding of 3H spiroperidol to homogenates of rat caudate nucleus were studied. (+)-Butaclamol was used to define specific binding. Bromocriptine and lisuride inhibited binding markedly, in vitro and also 30 min after in vivo injection. Bromocriptine continued to inhibit binding 24h after a single injection and also after 4 days of drug administration. Lisuride did not affect net specific binding at these periods. Apomorphine produced a mild reduction in binding after 30 min but none after 4 days. It appears that the ergot alkaloids inhibit binding of 3H spiroperidol by binding strongly to the dopamine receptor. PMID- 6798601 TI - Morphine, experimental pain, and psychological reactions. AB - This study examines the effects of morphine (10 mg/70 kg body weight) versus placebo (isotonic saline) on experimentally induced cold pressor pain threshold and tolerance, on self-reports of psychological states and drug effects, observer ratings of psychological states, and performance on timed cognitive-motor tasks in 20 non-drug using, normal male volunteers (21-28 years of age). Morphine increased both threshold and tolerance for cold pressor pain, and also increased "euphoric" and decreased "clear thinking" responses on the respective scales. Morphine, in contrast to placebo, increased scores on depression, fatigue, and cognitive loss-dysfunction scales and decreased scores on carefree and "friendliness" scales. Three sets of psychological variables were observed to covary significantly: Measures of anxiety and hostility; reports of fatigue and cognitive dysfunction; and reports of carefree feelings and perceptions of clear thinking. While measures of hostility, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction covaried positively, reports of carefree feelings and perception of clear thinking covaried negatively with increased pain threshold and tolerance. Anxiety, contrary to reports in the literature, also covaried positively with the pain measures. The results were interpreted as supporting a relationship between increased arousal of the nervous system and decreased pain sensitivity in conjunction with the known analgesic effects of morphine. PMID- 6798602 TI - Naloxone prevention of morphine LDR curve flattening associated with high-dose tolerance. AB - Male wistar rats, previously made tolerant to morphine by at least 3 weeks of daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 20 mg/kg morphine-SO4 (MS), were then given 200 mg/kg MS daily for 4 or 5 days. Tail immersion tests of antinociception, carried out before and after the 200 mg/kg MS treatment, indicated that the additional morphine treatment, was followed by a large further decrease in opiate sensitivity, characterized by decreased slope of the log dose/response curve (LDR curve flattening). The further decrease in opiate sensitivity was substantially reduced by naloxone-HCl (IP) in a dose of 10 mg/kg given 30 min before and 8 h after the 200 mg/kg MS injections, or a dose of 4 mg/kg given 45 min after the MS. It was concluded that LDR curve flattening produced by high doses of MS is mediated by specific opiate receptors, and is a true expression of a high degree of opiate tolerance in the intact rat. PMID- 6798603 TI - Reinstatement of cocaine-reinforced responding in the rat. AB - Non-contingent "priming" drug injections and conditioned stimuli associated with drug injections led to reinstatement of responding after a period of extinction. Rats implanted with intravenous catheters were trained to self-administer cocaine 1 mg/kg/injection), and then given daily test sessions consisting of a period of self-administration followed by extinction conditions. Test drug injections or conditioned stimuli were presented during extinction and the latency to the first response and the total number of responses following the treatment were measured. Cocaine injections of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg restored responding during extinction, regardless of the duration of the extinction period (between 10 min and 180 min) since drug self-administration. Amphetamine, apomorphine, and morphine but not ethanol, heroin, or methohexital reinstated previously cocaine reinforced responding. Amphetamine, cocaine, and morphine did not increase responding in animals trained to bar press only for food reinforcement, suggesting that the reinstatement effect is specific to drug-reinforced responses. The statement effect is specific to drug-reinforced responses. The final experiment showed that a tone that had been paired with drug infusions acquired a statistically significant tendency to facilitate responding when tested during extinction but this effect disappeared after the first test presentation of the tone. PMID- 6798605 TI - The role of dopaminergic mechanisms in the rat hippocampus for the consolidation in a brightness discrimination. PMID- 6798604 TI - Investigations on behavioral effects of an extract of Cannabis sativa L. in the rat. AB - The behavioral responses of the rat to an extract of Cannabis sativa were examined after IP injection of 5, 15 and 30 mg/kg (expressed as delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol). The lowest dose of the extract induced stereotyped behavior (rhythmic head movements, intermittent gnawing and sniffing) together with hypersensitivity to stimuli and hyperthermia. The administration of higher doses of the extract resulted, initially, in similar behavioral effects but of greater intensity, followed by a cataleptic state alternating with atonic muscular prostration; rectal temperature was decreased. Pre-treatment with 6 hydoxydopamine (6-OHDA, which produces degeneration of catecholamine-containing nerve terminals)or pimozide (blocker of dopamine receptors) significantly reduced both stereotype and hyperreactivity. Thermic effects were also antagonized by 6 OHDA pre-treatment. Cannabis-induced catalepsy was enhanced by pimozide but reduced by atropine (3 mg/kg SC). These results support the hypothesis that catecholamines play an important role in the complex behavioral effects of cannabis. PMID- 6798606 TI - A comparison of plasma and serum levels of two tricyclic antidepressants: imipramine and desipramine. AB - This study was performed to determine the difference, if any, between serum and plasma levels of the tricyclic antidepressant drugs imipramine and desipramine. Serum and plasma samples were drawn simultaneously from patients taking either of these drugs. Statistical analysis indicated no difference in the drug levels; that is, serum and plasma levels were identical. PMID- 6798607 TI - Effects of pargyline and SKF-525A on brain N,N-dimethyltryptamine concentrations and hyperactivity in mice. AB - Mice pretreated with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline showed a dose dependent increase in hyperactivity for up to 2 h following injections of N,N dimethyltryptamine (DMT: 0.5-8.0 mg/kg). Hyperactivity was related to a linear increase in whole brain concentrations of DMT as measured by a new sensitive gas chromatographic assay. The duration of this behaviour paralleled the concentration of DMT in the brain from 15-120 min. However, at 15 min, there was no significant difference in brain DMT concentrations between mice receiving pargyline and those given distilled water at the two dose levels of DMT studied (2.0 and 8.0 mg/kg). Pre-treatment with the microsomal enzyme inhibitor SKF-525A, alone or in combination with pargyline, had no effect on the DMT-induced behaviour or on the brain levels of DMT. PMID- 6798608 TI - A comparison of some behavioural effects of amphetamine and electrical brain stimulation of the mesolimbic dopamine system in rats. AB - Separate groups of rats were trained to press a lever on either a fixed-ratio 40 or fixed-interval 1-min schedule of food reinforcement. Amphetamine increased low rates and decreased high rates of responding. In contrast, electrical stimulation of rewarding sites in the ventral tegmentum was effective only in decreasing high response rates. Stimulation of non-rewarding sites had little effect upon either low-or high-rate responding. Another group of rats was trained to discriminate between amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) and saline in a standard two-lever procedure with food reinforcement. The internal stimulus produced by the stimulation of rewarding sites did not substitute readily for the discriminative stimulus produced by amphetamine. The results suggest that the operant response-rate decreasing property of amphetamine may be partially mediated through the mesolimbic dopamine system. However, this system may not play a prominent role in mediating either the operant response-rate increasing or discriminable properties of this drug. The idea that the abuse liability of amphetamine may be related to the ability of the drug to interact with one of the central reward systems is discussed. PMID- 6798609 TI - The influence of a GABA transaminase inhibitor, gamma-vinyl GABA, on voluntary morphine consumption in the rat. AB - Morphine-dependent and control rats in an oral free-choice protocol were treated with gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG), 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg IP, for 3 days over three successive periods. Morphine dependence was assessed with naltrexone. Fluid intake of morphine-dependent rats was reduced during GVG treatment and the proportion of fluid taken as morphine was also decreased, but not sufficiently to induce withdrawal signs. Intake by controls was only affected by 240 mg/kg GVG, when body weight decreased. The attentuation of morphine consumption by GVG treatment may, within the limitations of this protocol, interfere with the positive reinforcing properties of morphine. PMID- 6798610 TI - Flupentixol and dopamine receptor selectivity. PMID- 6798611 TI - Effects of selected opioid agonists and antagonists on DMT- and LSD-25-induced disruption of food-rewarded bar pressing behavior in the rat. AB - Several opioid agonists and antagonists interact with N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) and lysergic acid diethylamide-25 (LSD) in adult male Holtzman rats trained on a positive reinforcement, fixed ratio 4 (FR4) behavioral schedule, i.e., a reward of 0.01 ml sugar-sweetened milk was earned on every fourth bar press. DMT (3.2 and 10.0 mg/kg) and LSD (0.1 mg/kg) given IP with 0.9% NaCl pretreatment, disrupted food-rewarded FR4 bar pressing. Animals were pretreated IP (10--15 min) with predetermined, behaviorally noneffective doses of morphine, methadone, naltrexone, and the (+)- and (-)-enantiomers of naloxone prior to receiving DMT or LSD. Dose-dependent effects were shown with opioid agonist pretreatment. Morphine (0.32--1.0 mg/kg) and methadone (0.32 mg/kg) significantly antagonized the bar pressing disruption induced by DMT and LSD. Larger doses of morphine (3.2 mg/kg) and methadone (1.0--3.2 mg/kg) potentiated only LSD-induced effects, with no effect on DMT-treated groups. The opioid antagonists (-)-naloxone and naltrexone potentiated the disruption of bar pressing induced by DMT and LSD. Failure of (+)-naloxone to potentiate the DMT effects was attributed to a stereo specific opioid antagonist effect of (-)-naloxone. PMID- 6798612 TI - Effect of modification of brain serotonin (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) on ethanol tolerance. AB - Rats were permanently depleted of brain dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), 5-HT + norepinephrine (NE), or NE + DA by intraventricular injection of either 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) with or without pretreatment with desmethylimipramine (DMI). Following 1 week of recovery from surgery, daily treatment with ethanol (5 g/kg, PO) or isocaloric sucrose was carried out for a period of 20-25 days. Testing at 5-day intervals showed that chronic ethanol treatment produced tolerance to the hypothermic and motor impairing effects of ethanol. Depletion of 5-HT alone retarded tolerance, while depletion of NE or DA alone produced no effect. Combined depletion of both NE and 5-HT, however, completely inhibited tolerance development. The inhibition of tolerance development by combined depletion of both NE and 5-HT is discussed in terms of a reciprocal relationship between these two systems. PMID- 6798613 TI - Antiemetic effect of haloperidol in the dog as related to plasma level and dose. AB - A positive and highly significant correlation was found between SC dose, plasma concentration, and antiemetic effect of haloperidol in the dog. To protect dogs from apomorphine-induced emesis, a concentration of 1 ng haloperidol/ml plasma was always sufficient, whereas protection from emesis was never obtained with plasma levels lower than 0.53 ng/ml. The elimination rate of haloperidol from plasma varied from 1.53 to 2.60 among different animals. Thus, the interindividual variability to haloperidol was surprisingly low. Antiemetic effect and plasma elimination of haloperidol were not related to body weight. PMID- 6798614 TI - Effects of alcohol, congeners, and acetaldehyde on aggressive behavior of the convict cichlid. AB - Ethanol and three beverage alcohols were examined for their effects on the aggressive responses of the convict cichlid. At an ethanol concentration that gave negligible effects on the basal level of these responses, rum was observed to depress aggression. As its concentration of acetaldehyde was significantly higher than that of the other beverage alcohols, we assessed the effects of acetaldehyde on the aggressive responses, as well as the locomotor activity of the fish. At 4 mg/l, acetaldehyde completely inhibited aggressive responses, without affecting locomotor activity. It is likely, however, that acetaldehyde does not explain the entire inhibitory effect of rum on the aggressive responses of the cichlid. PMID- 6798615 TI - Acute dyskinesias in monkeys elicited by halopemide, mezilamine and the "antidyskinetic" drugs, oxiperomide and tiapride. AB - Oxiperomide and tiapride are dopamine receptor antagonists claimed to have "antidyskinetic" properties in animal models and the clinic. Halopemide and mezilamine are other dopamine antagonists predicted to lack extrapyramidal side effects in man on the basis of animal studies. Acute dyskinesias, a neuroleptic induced acute extrapyramidal syndrome, were elicited in squirrel monkeys by oxiperomide (1 mg/kg), tiapride (30 mg/kg), and halopemide (10 mg/kg). The dyskinesias were virtually indistinguishable from those caused by a standard behaviorally equivalent dose of haloperidol (1.25 mg/kg PO) in the same individual monkeys. Mezilamine (0.3 mg/kg) also induced dyskinesias, which appeared to be less pronounced than those following haloperidol. The antidyskinetic properties of oxiperomide and tiapride evidently do not confer protection against dyskinetic movements induced by dopamine antagonism. PMID- 6798616 TI - A dose response study of the hypnotic effectiveness of alprazolam and diazepam in normal subjects. AB - One group of eight normal young males was administered three doses of alprazolam (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg) and placebo, while a second group of eight normal young males was given three doses of diazepam (2, 5, and 10 mg) and placebo in the same design. All subjects slept in the sleep laboratory for 10 nights, 2 consecutive nights each week for 5 consecutive weeks. The first 2 nights served as adaptation. During the next 4 weeks subjects received a random dose of alprazolam (or placebo) or a random dose of diazepam (or placebo) each week. Similar dose related benzodiazepine effects were found on sleep with both medications. Alprazolam reduced percent stage 4 and REM sleep and increased stage 2 sleep and latency to REM. Diazepam decreased percent stage 1 and increased percent stage 2 sleep. No drug by dose interactions were found. It was concluded that, while both drugs had similar effects on sleep, alprazolam showed significant effects on REM sleep parameters and might be evaluated for possible antidepressant effect. PMID- 6798617 TI - Binding of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in plasma determined from their equilibrium distributions between red cells and plasma, and between red cells and buffer solution. AB - In a new method for the measurement of plasma binding, amitriptyline (AT) and nortriptyline (NT) were allowed to reach equilibrium distribution between the cells and plasma of whole blood. A separate sample of the cells was equilibrated with a buffer solution containing the drugs. From the two distribution ratios for each drug, the fraction free in the plasma was calculated. Equilibria were achieved rapidly, avoiding denaturation of binding proteins. The pH was adequately controlled and the composition of the plasma was not altered by the experimental procedures. Large volumes of buffer solution gave amounts of free drug readily measurable by gas chromatography. Duplicate determinations showed coefficients of variation of 6% and 4.8% respectively for the free fractions of AT and NT in a given plasma sample. In 51 subjects the mean percentage of AT free in plasma was 4.31 +/- 0.59 SD and, of NT, 8.59 +/- 0.86. Binding was independent of drug concentration in the therapeutic range and did not differ between males and females nor between patients and normal subjects. It increased slightly with age. It was not affected by chylomicrons in the blood. PMID- 6798618 TI - Stimulus control and the effects of d-amphetamine in the rat. AB - External discriminative stimuli can modify the behavioral effects of d amphetamine. Previous work with the pigeon has demonstrated that some aspects of performance on the fixed consecutive number schedule are changed less if a discriminative stimulus indicates when reinforcement is available. This effect has now been replicated with the rat using both simple and multiple schedules. Moderate doses of d-amphetamine (0.56--1.0 mg/kg) usually produced large decreases in reinforced runs when no external cue indicated the possibility of reinforcement. Adding discriminative stimuli when the number requirement was met decreased the drug effect. As was true in the pigeon, response rate measures did not differ between the two stimulus control conditions. Thus, external stimulus control diminishes the drug effect in both species, despite the fact that key pecking was studied in the pigeon and lever pressing in the rat. Evidence was also seen of a possible increase in discriminative stimulus control by d amphetamine. PMID- 6798619 TI - Perseverative behaviour after amphetamine; dissociation of response tendency from reward association. AB - Low doses of amphetamine were found to alter the ability of marmosets to take account of changes in reward values of object stimuli in a visual discrimination task. Under amphetamine, animals changed their motor responses and stimulus choice in order to preserve the acquired reward value or meaning of certain stimuli. These results suggest that the perseverative effect of amphetamine on behaviour is due to impaired cognitive flexibility rather than to an enhancement of motor habit. PMID- 6798620 TI - A new method for the evaluation of benzodiazepines based on their ability to block muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice. AB - A number of clinically used benzodiazepines were tested for their effectiveness in blocking muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice. Their ED50 values were determined from their dose-response curves. These data gave the following relative potencies with respect to diazepam: diazepam = 1, medazepam = 0.24, oxazepam = 1.27, flurazepam = 1.90, lorazepam = 3.01, nitrazepam = 3.93, clonazepam = 33.14, and flunitrazepam = 116.00. Because our earlier studies indicated that muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks probably originate from the spinal cord, the present method may prove to be suitable for quantitatively evaluating the effect of benzodiazepines on the spinal cord. The present results also indicate the possible value of flunitrazepam in the management of neurologic disorders in which preferential action on the spinal cord is desired. PMID- 6798622 TI - Evidence of a role for GABA in benzodiazepine effects on food preference in rats. AB - It has previously been shown that chronic treatment with the GABA-transaminase inhibitor ethanolamine-O-sulphate (EOS), which elevates brain GABA levels by around 200%, selectivity enhances novel food consumption in rats treated with chlordiazepoxide (CDP) and given a food preference test. To replicate and extend these findings, the effects of two doses of CDP with and without EOS pretreatment were compared with those of EOS or saline alone. EOS alone had no significant effects except to decrease eating rate but, in combination with 2.5 mg/kg CDP, it antagonised the increase in weight of familiar food eaten found with CDP alone and marginally increased weight eaten and duration of novel foot eating episodes. EOS magnified the effects of 5.0 mg/kg CDP to increase markedly the weight eaten and duration of episodes for novel chocolate drops. As no additive effects of EOS and CDP on rate of eating were found, the results are consistent with a facilitation of novel food consumption by an anxiolytic action of the two drugs, rather than by a rate-retarding action which might bias animals toward novel food. Finally, that EOS alone did not mimic the effects of CDP suggests that the role of GABA in the anxiolytic action of CDP may be indirect. PMID- 6798621 TI - Differential effects of l-amphetamine on ontogeny of active avoidance, intertrial responses, and locomotor activity. AB - Two experiments examined the effects of various doses of l-amphetamine on locomotor activity, two-way avoidance, and intertrial responses in rats that were 15, 17, 21, 36, and 90 days of age. In the first experiment, testing began 20 min after drug administration and 100 avoidance trials were given. In the second experiment, testing began immediately after drug treatment and 200 trials were given. In the two youngest groups, shuttle crossings during adaptation were increased by the highest doses. The typical inverted U-shaped function between amphetamine dose and locomotor activity found in adults began to emerge at 36 days of age. Generally, at the two youngest ages, there was a dose-related increase in avoidance and intertrial responses on the first few blocks of trials and then a decrease across trials. In 21-day rats, the drug increased avoidance on the first few trial blocks but acquisition was altered only slightly. Acquisition of 36- and 90-day rats was increased, but this increase was greater in adults. It appears likely that development of CNS catecholaminergic neurons is responsible for the age-dependent behavioral effects of l-amphetamine. PMID- 6798623 TI - Effects of chronic chlordiazepoxide treatment on novel and familiar food preference in rats. AB - Chlordiazepoxide (CDP) given acutely has been found to have dose-related effects in rats given food preference tests. Low doses selectively increase consumption of familiar food, while high doses increase novel food consumption. The present study examined the effects of three doses of CDP given chronically. All doses (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) selectively increased novel food eating. There was some evidence for a selective retardation of eating rate for familiar food and an enhanced taste preference for sweet food in CDP-treated rats. However, the overall results suggest that increased consumption of novel food represents an antineophobic action of CDP, which is potentiated by chronic treatment over a low to medium dose range. PMID- 6798624 TI - Control of alcohol tolerance by reinforcement in nonalcoholics. AB - The development of tolerance to alcohol was examined in two experiments with nonalcoholic drinkers. In both experiments, male undergraduates received pretraining on a pursuit rotor task and were then randomly assigned to either alcohol or placebo conditions. In the first experiment, monetary and performance feedback reinforcement for pursuit rotor performance were provided to both groups over four drinking sessions. In the second experiment, two final drinking sessions were added where no reinforcement was provided to either the alcohol or placebo subjects, and an additional alcohol group received no reinforcement throughout the six drinking sessions. Tolerance to the impairing effects of alcohol on pursuit rotor performance developed only for the reinforced alcohol subjects; withdrawal of reinforcement from tolerant subjects resulted in a return of impaired performance, i.e. tolerance was extinguished. Impairment remained consistently high in the non-reinforced alcohol subjects throughout all six drinking sessions. The results provide support for the learning hypothesis of behavioural tolerance by demonstrating that its acquisition and extinction may be controlled by reinforcement. PMID- 6798625 TI - Selective blockade of the discriminative stimulus effects of pentobarbital in pigeons. AB - The ability of CNS stimulants to block the discriminative effects of pentobarbital was studied in pigeons trained to discriminate IM pentobarbital (5 mg/kg) from saline. Pentobarbital, when administered alone, consistently produced greater than 90% pentobarbital-appropriate responding. The concomitant administration of pentobarbital and increasing doses of bemegride or pentylenetetrazol resulted in a dose-related decrease in pentobarbital appropriate responses. In contrast, picrotoxin, another CNS stimulant, had little or no effect on pentobarbital-appropriate responding produced by pentobarbital. PMID- 6798626 TI - Effects of pentobarbital on punished behavior: persistent increases with chronic administration. PMID- 6798627 TI - Rickets presenting as multiple fractures in premature infants on hyperalimentation. PMID- 6798628 TI - The estimation of available lysine foodstuffs after Maillard reactions. PMID- 6798629 TI - Metabolic transit of early and advanced Maillard products. PMID- 6798630 TI - Absorption and distribution of a C(14)-Glucose lysine reaction mixture in the rat. PMID- 6798631 TI - The metabolism of fructose-phenylalanine in the rat. PMID- 6798632 TI - Transport and metabolism studies with fructose amino acids. PMID- 6798633 TI - Maillard reaction products in parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6798634 TI - Maillard reactions involving proteins and carbohydrates in vivo: relevance to diabetes mellitus and aging. PMID- 6798635 TI - Analysis of amines in the central nervous system by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. PMID- 6798637 TI - Aggregation and thromboxane B2 formation in platelets and vascular prostacyclin production from genetically obese rats. PMID- 6798638 TI - Bone resorption and prostaglandin production by mouse calvaria in vitro: response to exogenous prostaglandins and their precursor fatty acids. AB - Mouse calvaria were maintained in organ culture for 96 h and endogenous prostaglandin production and active bone resorption (45Ca release) measured. After a lag phase of 12 h, active resorption increased over the 96 h period. The amounts of prostaglandins released into the culture medium (measured by radioimmunoassay) were highest in the first 24 h of culture. Unless these were removed by preculturing for 24 h, or suppressed by indomethacin, no response to exogenous PGE2, or prostaglandin precursors could be demonstrated. Bone resorption was stimulated after preculture by both PGE2 and PGF2 alpha in a dose dependent manner (10-8M-10-5M), with PGE2 being the more potent. Collagen synthesis was unaffected by PGF2 alpha, whereas PGE2 (10-5M) had an inhibitory effect. Eicosatrienoic acid did not stimulate bone resorption at lower concentrations (10-7M-1-5M), but was inhibitory at 10-4M. Arachidonic acid also inhibited resorption at 10-4m, but at lower concentrations (10-7M-10-5M) increased active resorption. This was concomitant with a rise in PGE2 and PGF2 alpha levels, PGE2 production being significantly higher than PGF2 alpha. The effects of PGE2 (10-8M) and PGF2 alpha (10-8M) appeared additive; there was no evidence of synergistic or antagonistic effects when varying ratios of PGE2: PGF2 alpha were employed. PMID- 6798636 TI - Consequences of spinal cord lesions upon motor function, with special reference to locomotor activity. PMID- 6798639 TI - Modulation of Platelet thromboxane A2 and arterial prostacyclin by dietary vitamin E. AB - Platelets from vitamin E-deficient and vitamin E-supplemented rats generate the same amount of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) when they are incubated with unesterified arachidonic acid. Platelets from vitamin E-deficient rats produced more TxA2 than platelets from vitamin E-supplemented rats when the platelets are challenged with collagen. Arterial tissue from vitamin E-deficient rats generates less prostacyclin (PGI2) than arterial tissue from vitamin E- supplemented rats. The vitamin E effect with arterial tissue is observed when the tissue is incubated with and without added unesterified arachidonic acid. These data show that arterial prostacyclin synthesis is diminished in vitamin E-deficient rats. Vitamin E, in vivo, inhibits platelet aggregation both by lowering platelet TxA2 and by raising arterial PGI2. PMID- 6798640 TI - [An urgent radioactivity detection on 252Cf contamination accident (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798641 TI - [Wild reservoirs and vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. LXXVII: Observations on the ecology of the Triatoma arthurneivai Lent and Martins, 1940]. PMID- 6798642 TI - [Biology of Triatoma flavida neiva, 1911 in Cuba]. PMID- 6798643 TI - [Bacillus cereus: epidemiology, pathogenicity and pathogenesis. Bibliographic review]. PMID- 6798644 TI - [Epileptics with EEG independent multifocal spike discharges (author's transl)]. AB - Retrospective data on 77 epileptic patients allowed the following conclusions: Epilepsies with EEG independent multifocal spike discharges are mainly observed in children. Partial unilateral or generalized seizures are encountered. No relationship exists between the EEG foci and the seizure pattern. Acquired cerebral lesions are common. Multifocal spike discharges are functional foci, appearing and disappearing without close correlation with the evolution of seizures. They are an age-dependent expression of a disease which extends far beyond the seizures. They have to be absolutely distinguished from stable epileptic foci found in multifocal epilepsies. PMID- 6798645 TI - [Hereditary bone dystrophy. Pyknodysostosis]. PMID- 6798646 TI - Mouse-liver glutathione reductase: inactivation by NADPH or two allelic variants. AB - Mouse-liver glutathione reductase has been purified to homogeneity from strain SWR/J by ammonium sulfate precipitation (40-80%) and two additional steps of affinity chromatography in ATPR-Sepharose and 2', 5'-ADP-Sepharose from which it was specifically eluted by using NADP+ gradients. After 2032-fold purification the pure enzyme has a specific activity of 146 U/mg. The SWR/J protein is slightly more basic than the other allelic variant from strain DBA/2J, with PI 7.0 and 6.5 respectively. Both pure proteins are immunologically identical, either by immunodiffusion or by quantitative immunoprecipitation, They can however be distinguished by their rate of inactivation in the presence of NADPH, their reduced cofactor. The SWR/J protein is much more resistant to that inactivation (t1/2 = 14 min) than the DBA/2J enzyme (t1/2 = 5 min). PMID- 6798647 TI - [Cortisol influence on some typical parameters of protein malnutrition in rats (author's transl)]. AB - A daily v.s. dose of cortisol administered to rats, induces certain metabolic modifications, which after using the "pair-fed" system have been proven to be at least partially independent of the ingesta decrease originated by cortisol. Both cortisol treatment and experimental proteic malnutrition, originate a decrease in corporal weight, a lessening of the gamma-globulins plasmatic fraction, and an elimination increase in total nitrogen, protein, creatine and creatinine in urine. Cortisol treatment determines an increase in blood red cells number, as well as an increase in total serum proteins, especially albumin, without provoking a lessening in the beta-globulins fraction, as happens in cases of proteic malnutrition. PMID- 6798648 TI - Effect of the thyroid status and protein-calorie malnutrition on the rate of myofibrillar protein degradation in mature male rats. AB - The urinary excretion of N tau-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine: 3-Mehis), an index of the rate of myofibrillar protein catabolism, was determined in intact and thyroid ectomized mature male rats, receiving intraperitoneally either vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or thyroxine (T4) replacement (2 microgram/100 g body weight/day) during 20 days. Rats were fed either an adequate control of a low protein low-energy diet. In addition, body weight changes and food intake were recorded throughout the experiment. At the end of the 20-day period, livers and several muscles from hind limbs were excised and weighed. A sample of blood was then taken for serum insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) determination. As compared to the well-nourished animals, a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the rate of growth, food intake, 3 Mehis and serum insulin and T3 concentrations was observed in the rats fed the low-protein low-energy diet. In both dietary groups, thyroidectomy increased serum TSH levels and tended to reduce 3-Mehis output and liver and muscle sizes, although there was a different response according to the type of muscle excised. T4 replacement improved growth and restored T3 levels, especially in the well-fed animals, but it failed to restore either serum insulin concentrations or 3-Mehis output in either dietary groups. In conclusion, both thyroidectomy and protein calorie malnutrition reduced the rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in the mature rat and T4 replacement had no effect in restoring the normal range of myofibrillar protein degradation. PMID- 6798649 TI - Type IV collagen is a heteropolymer with the formula C2D. AB - Native type IV collagen was purified from bovine kidney cortex homogenate by a method involving pepsin-solubilization and heat gelation. The near homogenous protein has a molecular weight of approximately 380K and the chain composition C2D. The subunits are linked by disulfide bridges. PMID- 6798650 TI - Differential solubility and subunit composition of rat glomerular basement membrane. AB - Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was prepared from 2- to 3-month-old Sprague Dawley rats by differential sieving and sonication. 80% of the membrane was soluble in 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 1% 2-mercaptoethanol. The soluble fraction was resolved into 15 bands in the molecular weight range 30,000 to 300,000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major bands present had apparent molecular weights of 100,000 and 148,000. Treatment of GBM with SDS alone solubilised mainly low molecular weight components (45,000-150,000) but when the residue was treated with SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol higher molecular weight material was solubilised. Partial solubilisation of GBM was also achieved with pepsin. Digestion for 18 h at 4 degrees C resulted in 20% of the membrane being solubilised but this was increased to 55% at 10 degrees C. The amino-acid composition of pepsin-soluble GBM was more collagen-like than the residue remaining after enzyme digestion. Although the residue was more polar than whole GBM it still contained significant amounts of glycine and hydroxyproline and could be further subfractionated with SDS into a soluble fraction, the amino acid content of which was similar to whole GBM and a collagenous residue containing 317 residues/1,000 of glycine. When pepsin solubilised GBM was subjected to horizontal electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide slab gels the principal bands migrated in the pro-alpha-chain region. This material was heterogeneous and in addition to the principal components, 6 components with apparent molecular weights less than 95,000 were present together with high molecular weight material in the gamma and beta regions of the gel. The band pattern of the pepsin insoluble material was similar although the intensities of some individual bands varied significantly from that of the pepsin-soluble material. Rat GBM can therefore be fractionated by treatment with SDS alone, SDS together with 2 mercaptoethanol and pepsin digestion. The data reported is compatible with the presence of a mixture of collagen-like and polar regions rather than a major single collagenous component (type IV collagen). PMID- 6798652 TI - Interaction of phorbol esters with lipid bilayers : thermotropic changes in fluorescence polarization, phase transition and calcium ionophoresis. AB - The influence of phorbol esters upon the thermotropic behaviour of multilamellar liposomes formed of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) was investigated, as a model for possible interferences of the phorbol esters with the phospholipid domain of biological membranes. Both biologically active (TPA, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, PDD, phorbol-12,13-didecanoate) and inactive (4 alpha-PDD, 4 alpha-phorbol-12,13 didecanoate) phorbol esters lowered the temperature required to cause a fall in fluorescence polarization of a fluorescent probe inserted in the lipid matrix of the DMPC or DPPC liposomes and facilitated the process of calcium exchange diffusion in DPPC liposomes containing the ionophore A23187. Both of these effects could be due to a decrease in viscosity of the liposomal matrix. However, differential scanning calorimetry revealed that the thermotropic changes evoked by each of these phorbol esters were not identical. In most cases, the phorbol esters decreased both the main phase transition temperature and enthalpy of melting. However, when TPA was incorporated in DMPC liposomes, i.e. when a myristoyl chain was present in both the phorbol ester and phospholipid, no change in the enthalpy of melting could be detected, whereas the main phase transition temperature decreased in proportion to the TPA content of the liposomes. These findings emphasize the view that phorbol esters indeed interact with phospholipids and that the characteristics of such an interaction may tightly depend on the precise chemical structure of both the phorbol ester and phospholipid under consideration. PMID- 6798651 TI - Characterization of the collagenous domain of bovine glomerular basement membrane. AB - Bovine glomerular basement membrane was subjected to limited pepsin digestion and the solubilized collagenous polypeptides were characterized. Several electrophoresis systems were used which enabled an examination over a molecular weight range from 20,000 to greater than 10(6). A 0.1% SDS-5% polyacrylamide gel system resolves the reduced digestion product into 17 polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 78,000 to 340,000. The larger collagenous components were resolved on a 0.1% SDS-2.5% agarose gel system. The nonreduced digestion product resolves into 13 components which vary in molecular weight from 85,000 to 5 million. Upon reduction, the majority of this material is converted to a 165,000 molecular weight component(s) and cross-linked (aldehyde derived) multimers of this component(s) containing as many as 6 cross-linked monomers. The digestion product was subjected to a second pepsin digestion after reduction and alkylation under nondenaturing conditions. This results in a conversion of a larger polypeptides to three lower molecular weight peptides, two of which exhibit an electrophoretic migration identical to alpha 1- and alpha 2-chains of collagen. The results indicate that the collagenous domain of glomerular basement membrane consists of various size collagen molecules connected by disulfide bonds and aldehyde-derived cross-links to form high molecular weight aggregates containing as many as 30 of these polypeptides, and that the larger collagenous polypeptides contain alpha-size segments within their structure. PMID- 6798654 TI - Urinary free amino acids pattern in protein-energy malnourished Sudanese children. AB - The urinary free amino acid pattern in a morning urine sample of Sudanese children suffering from Kwashiorkor and marasmus were determined before and during the course of treatment up to the 2nd week. The urinary amino acid/total urinary N (3.62) was found to be almost constant for Kwashiorkor patients, while the mean for marasmic patients was found to be 27. The concentration of leucine, valine, phenylalanine, methylhistidine, lysine, hydroxylysine and beta-amino isobutyric acid was elevated in marasmic children, while the concentration of most of these amino acids was at a lower level in Kwashiorkor patients. The significance of these differences was discussed in relation to the biochemical detection of these deficiencies in field nutrition surveys. PMID- 6798653 TI - Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha and arachidonic acid on aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity of intestinal and hepatic microsomes from male rats. AB - The in vitro effects of prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha and arachidonic acid on microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity from rat liver and intestinal mucosa were examined. PGE1 and PGE2 stimulated AHH activity of intestinal microsomes, while both prostaglandins had an inhibitory effect on AHH activity of liver microsomes. PGF2 alpha had little effect on AHH activity of intestinal and hepatic microsomes. Arachidonic acid exerted strongly inhibitory effects on AHH activity of both intestine and liver, with the greatest inhibition being exerted against intestinal AHH. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the inhibition of hepatic AHH activity by PGE1 at concentrations of 0.10 mM or less was non-competitive. PMID- 6798655 TI - Experimental infection of bulls with Akabane virus. AB - Eight bulls were inoculated with Akabane virus and the clinical effects, development of viraemia and serological response to infection were followed. In addition semen was collected regularly from each bull both before and after inoculation. The bulls had a viraemia which occurred between days 2 and 9 after inoculation and which lasted for three to five days. Virus neutralising antibodies were detected in the serum of all bulls by days 7 to 10. Semen samples were tested for virus by inoculation of tissue cultures and by subcutaneous injection of susceptible cattle. Akabane virus was not detected in the semen using either method. The semen was usually of a standard acceptable for artificial breeding. The results of this study suggest that Akabane virus infection of the bull would not affect reproduction. PMID- 6798656 TI - Effect on calves of barley naturally contaminated with ochratoxin A and groundnut meal contaminated with low concentrations of aflatoxin B1. AB - Four groups of six 12-week-old male Friesian calves were fed diets containing 390 to 540 microgram ochratoxin A per kg, 320 to 500 microgram ochratoxin A plus 12 to 13 microgram aflatoxin B1 per kg, 10 to 13 microgram aflatoxin B1 per kg, or a control diet containing neither toxin. At the end of the 87-day experiment there was no evidence of kidney or liver damage in any group of animals as judged by serial plasma and urine enzyme assays, haematological examinations including the assay of blood coagulation factors, gross appearance at autopsy or histopathological assessment at the light microscopic level. Nor was there any significant alteration in serum IgA, IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 levels or in titres to environmental bacterial and viral antigens. Trace amounts of ochratoxin A were detected in kidneys of five out of the 12 calves exposed to this toxin but all 12 kidneys contained residues of the metabolite ochratoxin alpha (less than 5 to 10 microgram/kg). Traces of aflatoxin B1 and M1 were detected in the liver of one of the 12 calves exposed to aflatoxin B1 but nine kidneys contained the metabolite aflatoxin M1 (less than 0.01 to 0.03 microgram/kg). There was no evidence of interaction between the two toxins. PMID- 6798657 TI - [Pulmonary gas exchange (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798658 TI - [Changes of red blood cell carbonic anhydrase activity during anesthesia. IV Influence of ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798659 TI - Model for capillary-alveolar equilibration with special reference to O2 uptake in hypoxia. PMID- 6798660 TI - Oxygen transport and acid-base balance in the blood of the sheatfish, Silurus glanis. AB - Oxygen binding and buffer properties of the blood of the sheatfish, Silurus glanis, were investigated in vitro at 20 and 10 degrees C. The O2 binding curves were hyperbolic with P50 = 10.1 mm Hg (20 degrees C, pH = 7.5) and 4.6 (10 degrees C, pH = 7.5). There was a very large Bohr effect with an average delta log P 50/delta pH of - 1.14. At 20 degrees C this value tended to be higher than at 10 degrees C. As a consequence the apparent heat of oxygenation depended on pH. The mean value of delta H was -10.4 kcal/mol. The Haldane effect was pronounced too (delta pH/delta S = -0.14) as was the Root effect. Isoelectric focussing revealed 3 major hemoglobin fractions with isoionic points in a more alkaline region than in carp hemoglobin. The non-bicarbonate buffer value was -10 mmol . 1-1. pH -1. The intraerythrocytic pH depended on the extracellular pH and the O2 saturation: pH = (0.87 - 0.14 S) (pHe -6.68 + 6.48). Delta pH/delta t for a constant CO2 content was -0.0166. PMID- 6798661 TI - Experimental Biot periodic breathing in cats: effects of changes in PiO2 and PiCO2. AB - Periodic breathing of the Biot or cluster type was induced in spontaneously breathing, pentobarbital anesthetized cats by placing bilateral lesions within the pneumotaxic system of the rostral pons. Control lesions positioned outside of the critical nuclei never resulted in Biot breathing. The periodic pattern was characterized by clusters of breaths which were separated by distinct periods of apnea and was clearly not of Cheyne-Stokes quality. Test gas challenges inducing hypoxia and hypercapnia tended to diminish the apneic breatholds, whereas hyperoxia potentiated the periodic breathing by increasing the duration of the non-ventilatory phase. Only hypercapnia significantly altered the tidal volume of Biot breaths by increasing the depth of breathing. No conclusions can be drawn as to whether the Biot pattern arises from an inherent central respiratory controller periodicity, or from oscillations in arterial blood gas tensions and peripheral chemoreceptor (and mechanoreceptor) inputs. It is suggested that the experimental model for Biot breathing may be of unique importance for studying the control of expiratory duration, particularly apnea. Also, it is of interest that similar breathing patterns and gas responses occur in the neonate and adult. PMID- 6798662 TI - Control of ventilation during graded exercise in the dog. AB - We analyzed the time courses of the VE, VT, and f responses to graded levels of exercise produced by increases in treadmill speed at preset inclines in 207 experiments on 15 tracheostomized dogs. At the onset of work, VE increased within 1-2 respiratory cycles (VE fast), and then either remained constant, or decreased. Following this time delay (TD), VE rose more slowly (VE slow) to attain a stable plateau (Dejours). The amplitude of VE fast, VT, and f during the TD were independent of the work load. However, the duration of the TD and the amplitude of the component mediating VE slow were workload dependent. The VE fast and the VE during the TD are the major components of the total VE response at low work levels (VO2 = 30-40 ml . min-1 . kg-1) and are mediated primarily by increased f, whereas, at higher VO2 (70-90 ml . min-1 . kg-1), VE slow is mediated largely by increased VT and this component is engaged earlier to make a greater contribution to the total VE response. In the conscious dog, the total VE response to exercise appears to be comprised of both neural and humoral components when thermal stress is minimal. PMID- 6798663 TI - [Immunochemical study of a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6798664 TI - ["Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis": biochemical characterization and new prospects for the treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798665 TI - [The "sterile unit" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798666 TI - [Transitory orthostatic hypotension in a decompensated diabetic]. PMID- 6798667 TI - [Efficiency of an integrated mental health program: service, teaching and research perspectives]. PMID- 6798668 TI - [Stupor due to sodium valproate. Immediate arousal after intravenous diazepam (author's transl)]. AB - A 7 year-old boy had had partial complex seizures from the age 6 years. Two days after commencing a treatment by VPA in a daily dose of 55 mg/kg body weight, disturbances of consciousness became obvious. He was admitted to hospital two days later. The E.E.G. on admission showed bilateral delta activity. The plasma levels of VPA was 140 mg/l. Diazepam, 7 mg, was given intravenously. Four minutes later, the clinical state and the E.E.G. returned to normal. This observation supports the hypothesis that VPA may have a paradoxical epileptogenic effect in some types of epilepsy. PMID- 6798669 TI - [Study of serological and biological markers in viral hepatitis. 157 hemophiliacs]. AB - We observed for a two years period 157 hemophiliacs (138 with hemophilia A whose 13 were severe and 19 with hemophilia B whose 13 were severe) and we studied the incidence of liver dysfunction and the role played by HB and non-A, non-B, viruses. Whereas 32 patients not related had no evidence of serological HB virus markers (by radioimmunoassay), 88 (70,4 %) among the 135 hemophiliacs with large or small exposure to blood products were "HB positive". 90,9 % were positive for anti-HBs and anti-HBc antibodies and only two patients had persistent antigenemia. These results appeared independent of the kind of treatment (factor VIII or factor IX concentrates). Six among 17 children born since 1974, when the antigen was detected by RIA, had the serological HB virus markers, showing that this method is not sufficient to completely eliminate the HB virus. However the amount of viruses injected is too small to induce an acute hepatitis and rather produces specific antibodies which protect hemophiliacs against reinfection. An elevated level of serum transaminases (SGPT) was observed in 9,4 % of non treated hemophiliacs, 15,1 % of treated hemophiliacs with no serological markers of HB virus and 27,7 % of treated hemophiliacs "HB positive". This shows that the use of concentrates and the occurring of HB virus in the patients are not the only factors producing liver dysfunction. The role of non-A, non-B viruses has been recognized in 7 patients out of 9 with transient elevation of serum transaminase levels, by Trepo with an immunodiffusion technique. PMID- 6798671 TI - [Nutritional support in patients with cancer]. PMID- 6798670 TI - [Progress in viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6798672 TI - [Anatomo-functional aspects of the gallbladder in patients with Chagas megaesophagus]. PMID- 6798673 TI - [Technical and septic complications of the central venous catheter in parenteral feeding of surgical patients]. PMID- 6798674 TI - Problems in hemophilia therapy. AB - At present, the future of patients with hemophilia A may be regarded with more optimism due to advances in diagnosis and management which have occurred in recent years. However, a number of problems are still unresolved and others are now emerging against this optimistic background. The development of an inhibitor specifically destroying factor VIII coagulant activity renders the management at best difficult. It has been recognized recently that multitransfused hemophiliacs have a high incidence of abnormal liver function tests, and there is preliminary evidence that these are the expression of chronic active liver disease. This review is focused on these pitfalls of hemophilia care and emphasizes the recent developments in these fields and their impact on the pattern of life of hemophiliacs. PMID- 6798675 TI - [Quantitative determination of apolipoprotein A in human serum by laser nephelometry]. PMID- 6798676 TI - [Apoproteins (structural characteristics and clinical significance)]. PMID- 6798677 TI - [So-called benign epilepsy of later childhood]. PMID- 6798678 TI - [Partial epilepsy in children (excluding rolandic paroxysmal epilepsy)]. PMID- 6798679 TI - Tuberculous thyroiditis cured by drug therapy. AB - A 73-year-old patient suffering from evolutive nodular goiter, free of other local complaints or changes in the general status is presented. A diagnosis of tuberculous thyroiditis with hypothyroidism is reached. This diagnosis is justified by the antecedents of the patient, positive IDR, low iodine uptake, characteristic scintigraphic and echographic picture of the thyroid. Following a treatment with tuberculostatics, potassium iodide and controlled life regimen for a year, thyroiditis was cured as proved by scintigraphic and echographic evidence, and normal iodine uptake and PBI. PMID- 6798680 TI - [Recent, chronic and past malnutrition in 4 districts of the State of Pernambuco, Brazil]. PMID- 6798681 TI - [Quantitative determination of groups of bacteria in natural orange juice]. PMID- 6798682 TI - [Cost effectiveness of community programs related to the use of fluoride for the prevention of caries]. PMID- 6798683 TI - Quality requirements of basal S-TSH assays in prediction an S-TSH response to TRH. AB - Different variants of a solid phase TSH radioimmunoassay method (having optimal precision at different S-TSH levels) were investigated for their capability in predicting an S-TSH response to TRH from the basal S-TSH levels. Sera from 283 patients with, or suspected of having a thyroid disorder, were tested. There was a highly significant correlation between the basal S-TSH level and the increase of S-TSH after TRH for a group of individuals with normal S-TSH levels. The best discrimination of responders to TRH from non-responders was obtained with a TSH assay method with prolonged preincubation (144 h) of serum specimens and antibody. With this method assay of the basal S-TSH level was found to be useful in predicting an S-TSH response to TRH in untreated patients suspected of having hyperthyroidism. The assay offers a less expensive diagnostic alternative to the TRH test in this clinical situation. We demonstrated the effect of varying the weight of the ratio of false positive to false negative results on the optimal decision level. The basal S-TSH level should be measured by different variants of the assay method whether this is used in the diagnosis of hyper- or hypothyroidism. PMID- 6798684 TI - Deformation and orientation of red blood cells in a simple shear flow. Theoretical study and approach at small angle light scattering. AB - On the basis of a simple theoretical model representing the rheological behaviour of the erythrocyte membrane, the authors have proceeded with a theoretical and experimental investigation on the light-scattering diagrams at small angles of normal red blood cells subjected to Couette flow. The results show that the light scattering diagrams take into account not only cell deformation, but also cell orientation. The prospects for applying this method to the analytical separation of cells with different deformabilities are considered. PMID- 6798685 TI - Alternating treatment of common bile duct stones with a modified glyceryl-1 monooctanoate preparation and a bile acid-EDTA solution by nasobiliary tube. AB - Twenty patients with bile duct stones were treated via an indwelling nasobiliary tube with a modified Capmul 8210 preparation (GMOC) and alternating with a bile salt-EDTA (BA-EDTA) solution for an average of 12 days. In vitro the dissolution capacity of GMOC and BA-EDTA for cholesterol stones was higher than that of Capmul 8210. The nasobiliary tube was tolerated well for a maximum of 84 days; this renders us independent of the T-tube. The therapeutic success rate of GMOC was 64%, even though we treated mostly old and large concrements. Side effects occurred markedly less than with Capmul 8210. In patients with acute cholecystitis or cholangitis the clinical course improved under therapy, and there was no deterioration of a chronic condition. PMID- 6798686 TI - Evaluation of gastric emptying by a simple isotope technique. A methodological study in the dog. AB - The gastric emptying of a fluid standard meal labelled with 99mTc-DTPA has been studied in dogs, using a scintillation detector. The method was assessed in a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. The gastric emptying patterns were visualized as time-activity curves. In the initial phase, the typical curves showed a rapid emptying within 2-5 min after start of the meal, followed by a more varied emptying and a subsequent steady emptying in the basic phase. Duplicate tests showed acceptable reproducibility. The initial emptying varied among individuals, whereas the basic emptying did not vary significantly. Combined evacuation/isotope gastric emptying studies showed that the external counting technique produced results comparable to those obtained by evacuation. Short-lasting spikes and plateau-like dislocations were observed in the curves, indicating peristalsis and duodenogastric reflux, respectively. The observed data are comparable with those obtained in man when using a gamma camera. Gastric emptying tests, carried out during continuous infusion of distilled water, 20% soya bean oil, or 25% glucose into various parts of the proximal gastrointestinal tract, showed that in dogs inhibitory 'receptors' for fat and glucose were located in the small intestine distal to the ligament of Treitz. PMID- 6798687 TI - Long-term parenteral nutrition. I. Clinical experience in 70 patients from 1967 to 1980. AB - Seventy patients, 37 females and 33 males, median age 46 years, have been treated with long-term parenteral nutrition for 816 patient-months, or 68 patient-years. Short-bowel syndrome was the commonest indication for parenteral nutrition (582 patient-months). Twenty-four patients were receiving home parenteral nutrition. Most had severe short-bowel syndrome following intestinal resection for Crohn's disease or mesenteric infarction. Metabolic complications included zinc deficiency syndrome in four patients before routine zinc administration and progressive halisteresis in five patients. The mortality for 26 patients with short-bowel syndrome was 23%, for 15 patients with intestinocutaneous fistulas 40%, and for 15 patients with severe emaciation for various causes 27%. Parenteral nutrition was withdrawn in 6 (23%) of the 26 patients with short-bowel syndrome, who subsequently were able to maintain body weight with oral feeding. Fifteen patients are still (February 1980) receiving home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6798688 TI - Long-term parenteral nutrition. II. Catheter-related complications. AB - Catheter-related complications were investigated in 70 patients receiving long term parenteral nutrition (LTPN) for 1 to 63 months (median, 4.5 months) with a total observation period of 816 patient-months. Two hundred and three central venous catheters were used: 52 Broviac silicone rubber catheters and 151 Intracaths or Argyle baby feeding tubes made from polyvinyl chloride with plasticizers. The median duration was longer for Broviac catheters (5.0 months) than for the other catheters (1.1 months). Pneumothorax and/or subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 14 of 113 subclavian vein punctures (12%). Forty-eight episodes of catheter sepsis occurred in 27 patients. The incidence of sepsis was lower for Broviac catheters (0.3 per catheter-year) than for the other catheter types (0.9 per catheter-year). Catheter-induced thrombosis of a central vein was shown by phlebography 35 times among 25 (52%) of te 48 patients investigated, corresponding to an overall incidence of 1 in 22 patient-months. Total occlusion of a central vein occurred in 14 cases. The incidence of thrombosis was lower for Broviac catheters (0.5 per catheter-year) than for the other catheters (1.6 per catheter-year). Partial venous occlusions usually resolved after heparin therapy and/or catheter exchange, whereas total occlusions usually persisted for years. No correlation was found between incidence of complications and catheter lifetime. Seventeen patients died while receiving LTPN. In three patients death was related to LTPN: catheter sepsis, subdural haematoma possibly due to anticoagulant therapy, and respiratory failure caused by pulmonary infection after iatrogenic pneumothorax. For LTPN we recommend Broviac catheters, which showed longer duration, lower complication rate, and higher patient compliance. Catheter sepsis should be treated with both catheter exchange and antibiotics. Because of the high incidence of thrombosis we recommend that all patients on LTPN receive anticoagulant therapy. However, the value of anticoagulant therapy is not proved in a prospective, controlled study. PMID- 6798689 TI - Surface topography and other characteristics of non-transformed and carcinogen transformed C3H/10T 1/2 cells in mitosis, as revealed by quantitative scanning electron microscopy. AB - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used for the characterization of the different phases of mitosis in normal and transformed C3H/10T 1/2 cells after the stages had been confirmed by light microscopy. Our findings suggest that it is only possible to separate the different phases of mitosis by SEM after having evaluated a great number of cells and after having established the SEM features for the light microscopically identified mitotic phases (Feulgen staining). The main finding in the study is that both the normal and all three types of transformed cells, type I, II and III, have the same shape in the different stages of mitosis but that transformed cells seem to exhibit a larger number of pleomorphic microvilli than do non-transformed cells. We also found that in contrast to the other mitotic phases, prophase cells have a very low concentration of microvilli in the nuclear area. PMID- 6798690 TI - Symptomatic treatment of tardive dyskinesia: a word of caution. AB - The search for a treatment of tardive dyskinesia (TD) has focused largely on cholinergic and GABAergic agents that are believed to attenuate striatal imbalances and bring about symptomatic control of dyskinetic movements. While numerous reports of the partial effectiveness of acute treatment with cholinergic or GABAergic agents have appeared, the effects of chronic administration of these substance are unclear. Results of chronic administration of cholinergic or GABAergic agents to animals are presented, and it is argued that these substances have the potential of eventually worsening TD. Alternative approaches aimed at modifying the theorized pathophysiology of TD, as opposed to symptom control methods, are presented. PMID- 6798691 TI - [Effects of a GnRH analog (Hoe 766) administered in the puerperium on the fertility of dairy cows]. PMID- 6798692 TI - Chlorinated hydrocarbons in fish from the river Po (Italy). AB - Pesticides and PCBs levels have been determined in two species of fish from the river Po during 1979--1980 at five sampling stations in different seasons. Significant higher levels have been observed in most industrial areas. When expressed on the basis of fat content, river fish levels are higher than those reported for fish from the Adriatic sea. Using experimental BCF (bioconcentration factors), pesticides and PCB concentrations in water have been calculated from fish values, and compared with measured concentrations. PMID- 6798693 TI - The social background of childhood nutrition in the Ciskei. PMID- 6798694 TI - The creation of patient careers in geriatric wards: aspects of policy and practice. PMID- 6798695 TI - Attempts to control dental health care costs: the U.S. experience. PMID- 6798696 TI - [Nutrition of premature infants]. PMID- 6798697 TI - Employment of residents in community hospitals: a multivariate analysis. PMID- 6798698 TI - Experimental cerebral zygomycosis in alloxan-diabetic rabbits: variation in virulence among zygomycetes. AB - We investigated the potential of 33 different zygomycete isolates to cause cerebral disease following the intranasal instillation of their spores into ketotic rabbits with alloxan induced diabetes. The isolates represented six thermotolerant species of Rhizopus (R. arrhizus, R. chinensis, R. microsporus, R. oligosporus, R. oryzae, and R. rhizopodiformis), Absidia corymbifera, Cunninghamella bertholletiae, and Rhizomucor pusillus. All 13 isolates of the thermotolerant Rhizopus species proved to be cerebral pathogens as confirmed by culture and histopathology. One isolate of R. oligosporus and one isolate of R. rhizopodiformis, however, were less pathogenic than isolates of other Rhizopus species tested. Cerebral pathogenicity was noted with 2 of 5 isolates of Rh. pusillus and only 1 of 13 A. corymbifera isolates. Two thermotolerant C. bertholletiae cultures, recovered from human lesions, did not cause either cerebral or pulmonary disease in ketotic rabbits. The incidence of pulmonary zygomycosis caused by the isolates of the species of the four genera under study was as follows: Rhizomucor 24%, Rhizopus 22%, Absidia 9%, and Cunninghamella 0%. This study confirms the pathogenic potential of the thermotolerant species of Rhizopus to cause cerebral zygomycosis in ketotic diabetic rabbits and also revealed the potential of Rh. pusillus and A. corymbifera occasionally to cause the same disease in animals and humans. PMID- 6798699 TI - [The lupus inhibitor]. PMID- 6798700 TI - [Consideration of the economical aspects in the treatment of acute leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798702 TI - Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis: new perspectives. PMID- 6798701 TI - Effects of radiation on the survival of excision-defective cells from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effect of various doses of ultraviolet light and ionizing radiation on the survival of excision-defective Drosophila cells has been determined by cloning treated and untreated cells in agarose. Although excision-defective cells survive moderate amounts of DNA damage, they display a severe hypersensitivity to both types of radiation relative to excision-proficient cells. Exposure of ultraviolet irradiated cells to fluorescent light results in a reduction of the density of pyrimidine dimers in cellular DNA and a 10-to 20-fold increase in survival. Parallel analysis of dimer density and survival, however, suggests that much of the lethal effect of ultraviolet light is due to nondimer damage. Cell proliferation was monitored in both excision-proficient and excision-defective cells exposed to doses of ultraviolet light that reduced survival by 90%. Under these conditions excision-proficient cells displayed exponential growth whereas excision-defective cells exhibited no cell proliferation for 12 days. PMID- 6798703 TI - Glycosylated hemoglobins. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobins are minor components of human red cell hemoglobin, Structurally, they are closely related to adult hemoglobin and are formed nonenzymatically by condensation of glucose or other reducing sugars with hemoglobin A. Biosynthesis, structure and function of these modified hemoglobin molecules as well as their clinical implications have been the subject of extensive investigations recently. Glycosylated hemoglobins, which are increased two-to three fold in the red cells of diabetic patients, are becoming an accepted quantitative indicator for assessing the control of diabetes mellitus. Possible correlations of glycosylated hemoglobins with secondary complications and sequelae of the disease are also being investigated. Although the major site of the linkage of the hexose molecule to hemoglobin is at N-terminus of the beta chains, it has recently been proposed that glycosylation of both alpha and beta chains can take place at multiple sites including at the N-terminus of alpha chain can take place at multiple sites including at the N-terminus of a alpha chain and epsilon-amino group of several lysine residues on both alpha and beta chains. Glycosylation of hemoglobin is a nonspecific, nonenzymatic, posttranslational protein modification and has been used as a model for similar modifications in other macromolecules such as plasma and lens crystalline proteins, and even insulin. This review considers current investigations on the biochemistry, biosynthesis and clinical implications of glycosylated hemoglobins and other proteins. PMID- 6798704 TI - The role of heparin therapy in Dispholidus typus envenomation: an experimental study. PMID- 6798705 TI - Impaired fibrinolytic response to DDAVP and venous occlusion in a sub-group of patients with von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6798706 TI - Affinity chromatography of coagulation factors II, VIII, IX and X on matrix-bound phospholipid vesicles. PMID- 6798707 TI - Thromboxane A2 and the endoperoxides mediate canine platelet activation. PMID- 6798708 TI - Distribution of calcium in the suctorian Discophrya collini: an x-ray microanalytical study. AB - Discophrya collini is a free-living suctorian with tentacles which can be induced to contract by means of a range of experimental stimuli, including the application of CaCl2 and MgCl2 but not BaCl2. X-ray microanalysis of glutaraldehyde-only fixed cells shows Ca to be present in the cytoplasmic ground substance and elongate dense bodies (EDB). In 10(-1) M CaCl2-treated cells, calcium levels remain unchanged except for a three-fold increase in the EDB. Treatment of cells with 10(-1) M MgCl2 and 10(-1) M BaCl2 does not result in their detection in the cell. It is suggested that EDB may act as reservoirs controlling levels of calcium. PMID- 6798709 TI - Answers and questions. PMID- 6798710 TI - Influence of physician practice setting on utilization and cost of service in an HMO. PMID- 6798711 TI - Dithiobiuret toxicity in the rat: evidence for latency and cumulative dose thresholds. PMID- 6798712 TI - The comparison of in vivo plasma radioactivity clearance and 14CO2 breath elimination of model drugs in the rat: a study in regional hepatocyte function. PMID- 6798713 TI - Metabolic oxidation of acetaminophen (paracetamol) mediated by cytochrome P-450 mixed-function oxidase and prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase in rabbit kidney. PMID- 6798714 TI - Influence of symmetrical polychlorinated biphenyl isomers on embryo and fetal development in mice. I. Teratogenicity of 3, 3', 4, 4', 5, 5', hexachlorobiphenyl. PMID- 6798715 TI - Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and toxicity of trans-stilbene oxide in rat liver and kidney. AB - The effect of trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) on organ function and morphology and on drug-metabolizing enzymes was determined in male Sprague-Dawley rats. TSO (300 or 600 mg/kg) was administered i.p., once daily for 5 consecutive days. At a dose of 3400 mg/kg, TSO did no alter body weight, but increased liver weight. The higher dose (600 mg/kg) markedly decreased body weight. TSO treatment (300 mg/kg) induced several drug-metabolizing enzymes. Epoxide hydrolase activity was enhanced in the liver, kidney and lung. In contrast, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase activity was not significantly altered. Glutathione S-transferase activity, with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene as substrate, and uridine diphosphoglucuronyl transferase activity, with p-nitrophenol as substrate, were also increased in the liver and kidney after TSO treatment. It appears that TSO induces hepatic and renal enzyme activities in a similar manner. Treatment with the higher dose of TSO depressed accumulation of p-amino-hippurate by renal cortical slices and increased blood urea nitrogen concentration. Histological examination of kidney sections after treatment with TSO revealed no abnormality. The lower dose led to negligible alteration in liver and the higher dose resulted in mild to moderate hepatic cellular. PMID- 6798716 TI - Comparison of argininosuccinate synthetase from young and old rat livers. AB - Properties of argininosuccinate synthetases (ASS), including immunological properties and heat stability, from young and old rats were quite similar. However the degradation rates of ASS from young and old rats were found to be different as shown in the experiment using the double labeling technique. Three forms of this enzyme from young and old rat livers were separated by DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography, and they were called ASS 1, 2 and 3 in order of elution. The degradation rate of ASS 1 from young and old rat livers was very similar, but the rate of degradation of ASS 2 form old rat livers was greater than that from young rat livers. PMID- 6798717 TI - Steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of ovarian granulosa cells from hypophysectomized immature rats treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMS). AB - Immature hypophysectomized rats were injected with 2mg of diethylstilbestrol to increase granulosa cell numbers and with 20 IU of PMS to stimulate ovarian growth. Steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity of cultured granulosa cell, harvested from mature follicles 48 h after injection of PMS, was demonstrated using a tritium exchange assay with 17 alpha 3H-pregneneolone as substrate. For comparison, aromatase activity of the same cells was examined by a similar assay using 1 beta 3H-testosterone as the substrate. The activities of the two enzymes were similar when expressed in terms of the amount of substrate converted per unit time. While an NADPH generating system in the incubation medium was essential for demonstrating any hydroxylase activity, 10-15% of the total aromatase activity could be found without added cofactor. Attempts to alter hydroxylase activity of granulosa cells by inclusion of LH, FSH or prolactin in the incubation medium were unsuccessful. However, activity could be change by prostaglandins (PG) or agents which can alter PG synthesis. Activity was increased by low concentrations of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), histamine, and arachidonic acid (AA). Large doses of PLA2, or AA, were inhibitory. PGE2, but not PGF2 alpha, increased, while indomethacin decreased, hydroxylase activity. The results clearly indicate that granulosa cells in the rat have a potent 17 hydroxylase system and therefore do not support the widely held contention that lack of this enzyme is one of the bases for the need for two kinds of cells for ovarian estrogen production. PMID- 6798718 TI - [Effectiveness of cleansing agents in root canal preparation. A scanning electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6798719 TI - Dipropylacetic acid plasma levels; diurnal fluctuations during chronic treatment with dipropylacetamide. AB - Diurnal variation in dipropylacetic acid (DPA) plasma levels was investigated in 47 and 42 epileptic patients, chronically treated with sodium dipropylacetate and dipropylacetamide (DPM), respectively, taken alone or in addition to other antiepilepic drugs. Fluctuation in DPA plasma levels was significantly less in patients receiving dipropylacetamide. The slow absorption and the more prolonged plasma half-life of dipropylacetamide accounted for these findings. Although the importance of diurnal fluctuations in DPA levels has not yet been established, possible clinical implications are discussed. PMID- 6798720 TI - Serial free and plasma valproic acid and phenytoin monitoring and drug interactions. AB - In 12 institutionalized epilepsy patients who had been treated 19 months (SD +/- 5) with valproic acid, 27.0 mg/kg (SD +/- 11.9), phenytoin, 6.33 mg/kg (SD +/- 1.36), and co-anticonvulsants, the mean percentage of daily free valproic acid was 11.72 (SD +/- 2.10) and of phenytoin 20.39 (SD +/- 3.32). By serial within day blood samplings for a.m., noon, and p.m. periods, the diurnal variation of percentage free valproic acid and phenytoin was determined for each patient. For morning and noon periods the variations in the percentages of free valproic acid and phenytoin were independent of each other, correlation coefficients (r) being zero for each period. In contrast, for early p.m. the correlation coefficient was highly significant at r = 0.894 (p less than 0.01). It is apparent that diurnal variations in the percentages of free valproic acid and phenytoin occur even in patients who have been treated with these compounds for more than a year. PMID- 6798721 TI - Skin reactions to bug bites as a result of xenodiagnosis. AB - Cutaneous allergic reactions to bites of two bug species Triatoma infestans and Dipetalogaster maxima, were studied in an area where T. infestans is the local domestic vector. While more delayed skin reactions occurred with the indigenous vector, reactions also occurred with D. maxima. Repeated exposure to D. maxima produced more intense immediate skin reactions. First-stage D. maxima bugs produced a lower frequency and intensity of skin reaction. It is concluded that further work on this problem is necessary as it prejudices the use of xenodiagnosis in field surveys. PMID- 6798723 TI - Immunobiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection and Chagas's disease. PMID- 6798724 TI - Serological classification of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi organisms found in chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae) collected in Peninsular Malaysia. PMID- 6798722 TI - Suppression of granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in severe protein malnutrition: the role of the egg. AB - The role of Schistosoma mansoni eggs in producing suppressed granulomatous response in severe protein malnutrition was studied in mice by the von Lichtenberg technique. Granulomatous response to eggs recovered from infected mice fed on 4% protein diet for four weeks was compared with the response to eggs that were recovered from mice fed on standard control (20% protein) diet in both unsensitized and sensitized normal mice. Granulomatous response to the former was significantly smaller (p less than .01) in unsensitized mice than to the latter. This suggests that the eggs might have responded to the "milieu interne" altered by malnutrition, in a way that its granuloma-inducing capacity differed from what it would be in well nourished mice. It was concluded that suppression of host cellular immunity may not be the only factor that explains suppression of granulomatous response to S. mansoni egg in severe protein malnutrition. PMID- 6798725 TI - Antibodies to typhus in Eastern Nepal. PMID- 6798726 TI - Notes on problems related to the care of patients overseas. PMID- 6798727 TI - [Changes in phosphorylase activity during muscle alteration]. AB - Changes in the extractability, and in the activity and ratios of active and inactive forms of phosphorylase (PhL) were studied under the action of heating and of urea on skeletal muscles of Rana temporaria L., and under the electric stimulation of the muscle. Besides, the action of these factors on the isolated enzyme was studied. Under the alteration of muscles due to heating, a decrease in extractability and in the activity of the whole PhL takes place. The isolated PhL is more thermostable than that in the intact muscle. Under the action of urea, a decrease in extractability and activity of the whole Phl occurs only with doses of urea which cause the irreversible alteration of muscle. In respect to urea stability, PhL in isolated state is one of the most labile enzymes of the water soluble fraction. Under contractures produced by the action of heating and of urea, no transformation of an inactive PhL (PhL b) into the active PhL (PhL a) was revealed in the muscle. Under the tetanic contraction produced by the electric stimulation of muscle, a 2.5--3.0-fold increase of PhL a activity takes place under the invariable level of the whole PhL activity. PMID- 6798728 TI - [Changes in mitochondrial and microsomal electron transport as affected by o,p' dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane]. AB - The paper deals with the influence of 1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2.2 dichloroethane (o,p'-DDD, chloditane) on NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c, ferricyanide, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol and neotetrazolium; 156 and 312 mumol o,p'-DDD was added to the dog adrenal mitochondrial and microsomal suspension. Ferricyanide reduction decreased and neotetrazolium reduction increased under the influence of o,p'-DDD. Reduction of cytochrome c was inhibited in microsomal fraction and activated in mitochondrial one. o,p'-DDD exerted no influence on 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol reduction in the adrenal subcellular fractions. The possible mechanisms of o,p'-DDD action on the electron transport system were discussed. PMID- 6798729 TI - [Reconstruction of soft tissue defects of the lower leg and foot. Cost benefit analysis of 3 reconstructive methods]. PMID- 6798730 TI - Effects of CO2 insensitivity and respiratory pattern on respiration in divers. AB - In a study of respiratory function under hyperbaric conditions one diver (TM) was found to have an extremely low ventilatory response to exercise with a postinspiratory pause typical of certain "carbon dioxide retaining divers." The respiratory function of diver TM is compared with that of four other divers having a normal ventilatory response. In exercise at 4 ATA hypoventilation and hypercapnia were potentiated to a greater extent in TM than in the other divers. Diver TM maintained a ventilation 25%-50% lower than that of the other divers and whereas their end-tidal Pco2 remained within reasonable limits (Pco2 less than or equal to 55 mmHg), that of TM rose to levels considered hazardous (Pco2 less than or equal to 76 mmHg). Results suggest that when a diver exhibits a postinspiratory pause in the breathing cycle, mixing of alveolar and dead space gas takes place. As a result, physiological dead space calculated according to the Bohr formula is unusually small. As alveolar Pco2 will rise during postinspiratory pause, mean arterial Pco2 may be lower than end-tidal Pco2. Such a respiratory pattern has a greater ventilatory efficiency than normal and may afford the diver some protection, albeit incomplete, from hypercapnia. PMID- 6798731 TI - Are Cl- mechanisms in mouse pancreatic islets involved in insulin release? PMID- 6798732 TI - Transplantation of pancreatic islets. PMID- 6798733 TI - Electrophoretic and gel chromatographic analyses of follicle-stimulating hormone in human serum. AB - The pleomorphism of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in human serum was investigated by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and zone electrophoresis in agarose suspension. The FSH activity was measured by radioimmunoassay. By gel chromatography FSH in sera from 3 males and 5 females of various ages was eluted within a narrow range after albumin and no sex hormone related pleomorphism was found. Electrophoresis in 0.17% agarose suspension was found to be a technique suitable for analysis of differences in charge of FSH in sera from men and women. A total of 31 sera from 25 individuals was investigated. The results strongly indicate that there is in man a sex hormone related pleomorphism of FSH with less acidic forms of FSH in sera of normal women of fertile age than in sera of men and post-menopausal women. Qualitative analysis of FSH in serum by electrophoresis may become an important complement to the quantitative determinations of the FSH concentration for the clinical diagnosis of reproductive disorders and of FSH producing tumours. PMID- 6798734 TI - Effects of tocainide, an oral analogue of lidocaine, on thromboembolism after total hip replacement. AB - In an investigation of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, where neither dextran nor other antithrombotic drug prophylaxis was employed, 30 patients subjected to total hip replacement under general anaesthesia were randomly allotted to one of two groups. One group (n=15) received tocainide, an oral analogue of lidocaine, as a means of preventing thromboembolism; the other group (n=15) served as a control. In patients given tocainide the frequency of deep venous thrombosis involving the femoral veins, as observed at phlebography, was 60% (9 of 15), and in the control group 73% (11 of 15). The frequency of pulmonary embolism, as determined by pulmonary perfusion lung scanning, was 20% (3 of 15) in the the tocainide group and 33% (5 of 15) in the control group. It was concluded that tocainide administration had no effect as an antithromboembolic agent. Phlebography revealed that the pattern of deep venous thrombosis after total hip replacement was characterized by a high frequency of isolated thigh vein thrombi in the operated leg, probably related to the surgical procedure. A finding of possible clinical significance was that patients given tocainide had a significantly lower intraoperative blood loss than control patients. PMID- 6798735 TI - Acquired urethral diverticula in the male. AB - Male urethral diverticula are rare. In our review of the literature between 1928 and 1980 we found only about 250 cases. Acquired diverticula are only slightly more frequent than congenital ones. The 13 cases we present (1965-1980) are all acquired. In 50% of these cases periurethral suppuration was the promoting etiology. Urinary tract infection complicated 12 cases. Retrograde urethrography was diagnostic in all instances. We recommend urethral diverticulectomy as the treatment of choice whenever possible. We stress prophylaxis via gentle manipulation of the urethra and proper drainage of periurethral suppuration. PMID- 6798736 TI - Efficacy of ivermectin against Sarcoptes scabiei and Otodectes cynotis infestations of dogs. PMID- 6798737 TI - Blood parasites in caged birds. PMID- 6798738 TI - [Comparison of biochemical parameters in the blood of healthy and diseased calves in a large barn]. AB - In a high-capacity calf-house, twenty-one calves were subjected to repeated clinical and biochemical examination until they were 22 weeks old. For evaluating the health condition of the animals, the calves were divided into two groups, one including healthy animals and the other including those suffering from bronchopneumonia and diarrhoea as the most frequent disorders in high-capacity calf-houses. From four to eight weeks of age, both groups of calves showed low levels of plasma magnesium and iron. The levels of plasma zinc and copper showed a continuous decrease with age. Compared with the healthy calves, the animals affected by a disease had statistically significantly lower levels of plasma vitamins (A, E, C). Further, the diseased animals also showed statistically significantly decreased levels of plasma glucose, serum albumins, and a lower activity of alkaline phosphatase in plasma. In addition to this, the diseased animals also had significantly higher levels of plasma gamma-globulins and urea. These clinico-biochemical parameters can be used for determining the subclinical forms of disease, for objective diagnosis and for the introduction of preventive measures in high-capacity calf-house. PMID- 6798740 TI - [Regional ileitis - a diarrheal disease of pigs]. AB - Morphological and histological changes were described in regional ileitis of pigs, which constitutes one of the forms of the complex of diseases referred to as intestinal adenomatosis of pigs. The most pronounced changes were concentrated on the ileum and were characterized, from the morphological point of view, by a distention of the intestinal wall and from the histological point of view, by proliferation of the epithelial cells of ileum, proliferation of the lymphatic tissue of tunica mucosae and submucosae, and hypertrophy of tunica muscularis. This disease has not been described in Czechoslovakia up to now. PMID- 6798739 TI - [Methods of direct detection of sarcocysts and their diagnostic reliability]. AB - The methods of the direct determination of sarcocysts in bovine muscle were studied. The results obtained with the compression, histological, homogenization and digestion methods were compared and evaluated. The criteria included capture rate, labor requirement, economic requirements, expediency and diagnostic reliability. The compression method was found to be the cheapest but, at the same time, the least reliable. The highest capture rate and diagnostic reliability were found in the digestion method with trypsin used as the diagnostic agent. PMID- 6798741 TI - [The redox potential of the large intestine in swine in relation to swine dysentery]. AB - The redox potential of (Eh) +111 +/- 25 mV was measured in the large intestine of newly born piglets. In the post-weaning period the Eh values decreased significantly to -173 +/- 27 mV and remained at this level also in the healthy sows (-214 +/- 55 mV). The Eh value recorded in dysenteric pigs was -188 +/- 5 mV, and this was not statistically significant in relation to the healthy weaned piglets. The Eh level measured in the blood agar prepared with cysteine and covered by a thick growth of the strain Treponema hyodysenteriae, which had been incubated in an anaerobic medium for five days, was -218 +/- 18 mV. The Eh of piglets after weaning was not the decisive condition for the development of dysentery. However, it can be assumed that the impossibility of eliciting dysentery in microbe-free and gnotobiotic pigs is associated with a relatively high redox potential of a microbially unpopulated or insufficiently populated intestine. PMID- 6798742 TI - [A comparison of submicroscopic changes in the testes of rams after experimental ischemia with findings in orchitis in breeding rams]. AB - Submicroscopic changes in the testes of rams were studied after experimental ischaemia induced by ligature on a. testicularis. The obtained findings were compared with those after traumatic orchitis in breeding rams. Both groups of animals showed marked changes in the germinal as well as Sertoli cells, which were characterized by generalized vacuolization of cell cytoplasm, accompanied by cell caryolysis. The Sertoli cells showed lipid cumulation and glycogen multiplication. The tubule wall had undulated layers. A pronounced reduplication of the lamellar layer of the tubule wall was recorded in the rams with orchitis. The interstitial tissue shows multiplication of collagenous fibres. The findings warn against traumatic injury of testes. The disordered spermiogenesis is irreversible. PMID- 6798743 TI - [The effect of adding dried swine manure to the diet of laying hens on the quality of their meat]. AB - Two groups of laying hens (eight hens in each group) were given dried pig faeces at a concentration of 2.5% and 5% for six months and at a concentration of 5% and 10% for another five months. No signs of health disorders ascribable to the tested diet were found by the premortal examination of the hens and post-mortal veterinary inspection of the carcasses and organs of the slaughtered birds. Some differences in meat and fat composition were observed between the test and control birds, apparently without any association with the diet. Hence the addition of pig faeces to hen diet can be regarded as safe in view of hen meat quality. PMID- 6798745 TI - [Carcass properties and meat quality of bulls fed fecal waste]. PMID- 6798744 TI - [Food intake in suckling rats after glycerol administration]. AB - The influence of administered glycerol on the food intake was followed in suckling rats in five age periods (on the 5th, 9th, 13th, 17th and 23rd day of life). Glycerol significantly reduced the food intake (P less than 0.01) in the last three age categories. This finding indicates that from the 13th day of life glycerol becomes one of the limiting factors of food intake for suckling rats in connection with a gradual functional maturing of their control mechanism, regulating the food intake. PMID- 6798746 TI - [Foreign substances in the meat and organs of bulls fed on a diet of swine and poultry fecal waste]. AB - The meat and some organs of eight bulls given diet with 5% to 15% supplements of dried pig and poultry excrements for 175 days were subjected to examination for the presence of some foreign substances. The results were compared with samples from eight control bulls, fed the basal diet. Liver was not found to contain any aflatoxins B1 and M1. No statistically significant differences were found in the content of antimicrobial substances. The same can be said of the content of chlorinated pesticides. Residues of organo-phosphorus pesticides were not detected at all. As to chemical elements, the test bulls were found to have a significantly increased content of copper in liver and diaphragm. All the findings of the residues of foreign substances were within limits tolerated by veterinary regulations. PMID- 6798747 TI - [Microbiological evaluation of methods of cleaning the udder prior to milking in rotating milking barns]. PMID- 6798749 TI - [A comparison of the sensitivity of the indirect hemagglutination reaction and the indirect immunofluorescence test in experimental ascariasis in swine]. PMID- 6798748 TI - [Biochemical changes in the blood of pigs after exertion]. AB - 15-minute forced movement of pigs evoked after 18 to 24 hours an increase in the activity of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase and in the level of non-esterified fatty acids in blood serum. The changes in the enzyme activity following muscular strain were individual. The pig group with higher average weight gains, fed the diet containing 284 g of crude protein per 1 kg, showed greater differences in the muscular enzymatic activity than the animals with lower weight gains, fed the diet containing 260 g crude protein per 1 kg. Single administration of vitamin E (six hours before strain) did not subdue the elution of enzymes from tissues after muscular strain. Another important strain factor was the fixation of pigs by trying them outside their own group. PMID- 6798750 TI - [Residual larval effects of permethrin and resistance in the housefly]. AB - The effectiveness of synthetic pyrethroid permethrin in a special preparation Coopex, concentrations 0.25 and 0.5% against larval stages of housefly (Musca domestica) was tested. No larvicidal effect was proved in these commonly used concentrations. Under laboratory conditions, a very good residual effectiveness against imagoes, lasting more than 365 days (100% imago perish), was proved. In stables the residual effectiveness of Coopex was pronounced during 11 weeks. In ten generations of housefly, exposed to 0.001% concentration of Coopex, no resistance to 0.25% concentration of this substance was observed. PMID- 6798751 TI - [Use of the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis in testing for contamination of biological materials with organophosphates and carbamates]. AB - The medium consisting of 1% protease-peptone with 0.2% yeast extract proved to be suitable for slant culture of the protozoon Tetrahymena pyriformis. PPY medium is optical for obtaining high cell densities under cultivation in Roux flasks. To evaluate the toxicity the cell number was determined by direct counting in Fuchs Rosenthal chambers, following 24, 48 and 72-hr incubation period. LD50 for trichlorphon was determined up to 4.0 to 5.0 mg . 1(-1), LD100 within the range of 19.58 to 39.16 mg . 1(-1), LD50 for dichlorvos as 5.0 mg . 1(-1), LD100 as 19.58 to 39.16 mg . 1(-1), for model carbamate (eserine) LD50 was determined up to 25.0 to 50.0 mg . 1(-1), LD100 over 200.0 mg . 1(-1). PMID- 6798752 TI - Chilomastix as a probable cause of enteritis in two horses. PMID- 6798753 TI - [Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus antibodies in people living in natural reservoirs]. PMID- 6798754 TI - [Biochemical changes in the glandular part of the rat stomach as affected by N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine]. AB - Biochemical changes in the stomach mucous membrane of rats treated with N-methyl N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were studied. Carcinogenesis was shown to involve considerable changes in gastric mucous membrane, e. g. disorders in biosynthesis of isoforms of pepsinogen-pepsin. Their level and proteolytic activity are gradually declined. This effect can be reversed at an early stage of treatment and is persistent in advanced tumors of glandular part of rat stomach. PMID- 6798755 TI - [Effect of Maillard protein modification on protein resistance to hydrolysis by digestive proteinases]. AB - A study was made of the influence of the Maillard reaction in proteins on their digestibility by pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin. The model substrates were obtained by heating bovine serum albumin (BSA) and beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) with glucose for the preset period of time at 50 degree C. The rate of proteolysis by alkaline proteolytic enzymes was measured by the autotitration technique, whereas pepsin activity was determined by fluorometry. An evidence was obtained that digestibility by trypsin and chymotrypsin of BLG-glycose decreased, while the amount of protein bound carbohydrate increased. In the case of BSA, the incubation with glucose led at first to an insignificant lowering of digestibility by these two enzymes whereupon the protein resistance decreased. Thermal processing of both BLG and BSA in the absence of glucose led to a distinct growth of digestibility as compared to the native forms of proteins. As to pepsin, the authors failed to find any decrease in the digestibility of the Maillard compounds. It was revealed that the Maillard reaction in proteins had different effects on digestibility of different protein substrates by different proteolytic enzymes. PMID- 6798756 TI - [Casein hydrolysis by immobilized protosubtilin]. AB - A study was made of the kinetics of sodium caseinate hydrolysis by protosubtilin G10X (Bac. subtilis producer) immobilized on silica gel with the aid of glutar dialdehyde. Optimal conditions for making the process were selected (pH 8.5, temperature 60 degree C, substrate concentration 0.3%). The apparent kinetic parameters of the reaction were calculated. An empiric equation that can be used for practical calculation was derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation with the use of the values obtained (Km = 2.48 +/- 0.10 micrometer/ml, Vmax = 25.6 +/- 1.9 micrometer/min/mg conventional protein). PMID- 6798757 TI - [Comparison of the action of parenteral and natural feeding on metabolic processes of the body]. PMID- 6798758 TI - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rhesus anti-e antibody. AB - Haemolytic disease of the newborn due to rhesus anti-e alone is a rare occurrence. This condition is described in the second child of an R2R2 mother who had not previously been transfused. The antibody was of IgG subclasses IgG1 + IgG3 and was detectable on the baby's cells for 4 months after birth. The anaemia was mild and persisted for the same period. PMID- 6798759 TI - Accumulative effect of DDAVP and heparin in increasing plasma factor VIII levels. AB - DDAVP (l-desaminocysteine-(8-D-arginine)-vasopressin) produces a marked increase in plasma factor VIII procoagulant (F VIII:C) levels. Previously, we have reported that blood collected into heparin rather than into CPD anticoagulant results in higher starting levels of plasma F VIII:C activity. We therefore wished to determine whether the effects of these two agents were accumulative and whether they would result in any difference in the relative molecular distribution of F VIII:C. Blood was collected into CPD or heparin immediately before and 15 min after an intravenous dose of 0.2 micrograms/kg body weight of DDAVP. Pre-stimulation factor VIII levels were approximately 36% higher in heparinized plasma than in CPD plasma. Following DDAVP stimulation, the final factor VIII activity was increased 3.9-fold when either of the anticoagulants was used, with the heparin sample maintaining a 37% increase over the CPD sample. Column chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B of pre- and post-DDAVP plasma samples collected into either heparin or CPD indicated that there was no change in the relative distribution of the high and low molecular weight forms of F VIII:C. The heparinized sample showed the typical distribution of approximately 60% F VIII:C at void volume (Vo) and 40% at 2.3 Vo, suggesting that DDAVP-stimulated increases of plasma F VIII:C are equally distributed between the carrier and non-carrier associated F VIII:C activities. PMID- 6798760 TI - Prothrombin complex concentrates for clinical use. AB - Prothrombin complex concentrates prepared for clinical use are reviewed with emphasis on frequently observed adverse reactions such as viral hepatitis and thromboembolic complications. Preparation procedures and quality control are described briefly, and the use of these concentrates in the treatment of hemophilia A patients who develop factor VIII inhibitors is also described. The causes of and methods for the detection of potential thrombogenicity are discussed and suggestions which may result in a safer product are made. PMID- 6798761 TI - Red cell preservation in protein-poor media. III. Protection against in vitro hemolysis. AB - Red cells stored under blood bank conditions normally show less than 1% spontaneous in vitro hemolysis even after 5 weeks; larger hemolysis may be found if the cells are suspended and stored in a saline-adenine-glucose (SAG) solution with very little trapped plasma. Delay of the addition of the suspension medium, return of 25 ml plasma after a maximal plasma harvest, addition of mannitol 10-30 mmol.1(-1) to the suspension medium were alternative and effective ways of keeping the spontaneous lysis within normal limits. Mechanical traumatization (centrifugation or shaking) caused considerably more damage to the red cells when these were highly concentrated than when they were diluted. A cell suspension in SAG is a more suitable product for hemotherapy than strongly packed red cell concentrates. PMID- 6798762 TI - [Plasma levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin and estradiol in women with chronic kidney failure on programmed hemodialysis]. AB - The plasma level of FSH, LH, P and E of 24 women with CRI, aged from 16-61, on a programmed hemodialysis was determined, 13 of them with Balkan endemic nephropathy, 8--chronic pyelonephritis and one patient with chronic glomerulonephritis, polycystosis of kidneys and lupus nephritis. The patients were grouped into three groups according to age and genital cycle: with genital cycle--10, secondary amenorrhea--7, and in menopause--7. The patients with genital cycle were grouped as follows: 4 with eumenorrea, 4--opsomenorrhea and I with hyper- and I with hypomenorrhea. Plasma hormone level prior to and post hemodialysis was determined by radioimmunologic methods. The results obtained showed that FSH levels, as compared with the control group of healthy women, was unchanged, LH and P--was elevated and E was elevated only in the patients with genital cycle. No significant discrepancy was found in the levels of the hormones studied, in the three groups of females with CRI on programmed hemodialysis (with genital cycle, secondary amenorrhea and menopause), except for E in the women with cycle. The studies of the authors showed that plasma levels of FSH, LH, P and E prior to and post hemodialysis, are insignificantly changed. That provided grounds to admit that the hormones are nondialysable. The authors admit that the programmed hemodialysis is a treatment method by which the genital cycle in some CRI patients with secondary amenorrhea could be restored. PMID- 6798763 TI - [Clinical experience with danazol treatment of endometriosis and mastopathy]. AB - 26 women presenting with internal and external endometriosis and 27 women with chronic cystic mastopathy and mastodyny received 400 mg danazol-a 17 ethinyltestosterone derivate-daily for 3 to 6 months. Before, during and after completion of treatment clinical and endocrinological investigation as well haematological examinations and determinations of blood and urinary chemistry were carried out. In cases of mastopathy plate thermography and mammography were performed; in endometriosis the diagnosis was verified by laparoscopy or-tomy. An improvement in, or disappearance of dysmenorrhoea and pelvic pain was observed in the endometriosis group. At laparoscopy or -tomy a decrease in, but not a complete disappearance of endometriotic foci was seen. A most favourable effect of danazol was seen in mastodyny. A change in plate thermographic or mammographic findings was observed on only a few patients. A significant fall in 17 beta oestradiol after one month and a slight decrease in basal LH levels (statistical trend) were observed. FSH and HPRL levels were not significantly affected. Ovulation was mostly suppressed, but serum progesterone values were found several times to be in the range characteristic of severe luteal insufficiency (100 to 1500 pg/ml). Hence, not only amenorrhoea, but also breakthrough bleeding occurred. The observed side affects can be ascribed to anabolic (weight gain), androgenic (acne, hirsutism) and hypoestronic (atrophic vaginitis, hot flushes, restlessness) symptomatology. PMID- 6798764 TI - [Hypophyseal reaction state during oral contraceptiva (author's transl)]. AB - In 5 normocyclic women, firstly taking a conventional oral contraceptive, Neogynon (50 mcg EE + 250 mcg levo-norgestrel) for 6 months, the levels of LH, 17 beta-E2 and progesterone did not rise after changeover to a dose-reduced pill, Microgynon 30 (30 mcg EE + 150 mcg levo-norgestrel). This fact indicates maintained central suppression. Examination of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis by the Gn-RH test (50 mcg) with Microgynon 30 showed negative results during the first treatment cycle in 13 out of 18 women. In the 6th treatment cycle only 7 Gn RH non-reactive women were observed and after stimulation with 100 mcg Gn-RH only 5 women remained with negative Gn-RH tests. Of the 20 women who took conventional oral contraceptives over a period of 6 months to 6 years (7 took Eugynon: 50 mcg EE + 500 mcg D,L-norgestrel, 5 Lyndiol: 75 mcg mestranol + 2.5 mg lynoestrenol, 8 Neogynon, only one from the Neogynon group showed a positive result. On the other hand there was a positive reaction in 4 out of 7 women using the two step dose reduced preparation Sequilar (11 tablets of 50 mcg EE + 50 mct levo-norgestrel and 10 tablets of 50 mcg EE + 125 mcg levo-norgestrel). PMID- 6798766 TI - [Horner's syndrome: a rare complication of internal jugular vein cannulation (author's transl)]. AB - Percutaneous internal jugular vein cannulation has become an accepted method for insertion of central venous catheters. There are many indications for such a procedure, but a variety of complications may arise due either to direct injury of local structures or else to secondary tissue damage due to long-standing presence of the catheter in situ. Direct injury to the sympathetic trunk causing Horner's syndrome is extremely rare. This report describes a case in which Horner's syndrome occurred a few days after insertion of the catheter into the right internal jugular vein. PMID- 6798767 TI - Substrate specificity of human UDP-glucuronyltransferase in cultured lymphocytes. AB - 1. This study establishes the presence of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity for non-steroidal as well as steroidal substrates, in cultured human B-lymphocytes. Glucuronidation of alpha-naphthol and testosterone was demonstrated in homogenates of two cell lines, SN1006 and RPMI-1788, and that of phenolphthalein, 4-methylumbelliferone, p-nitrophenol and estradiol in the cell line with the higher glucuronyltransferase activity, SN1006. 2. Kinetic studies of testosterone glucuronidation in homogenates of both cell lines revealed a similarity in the behaviour of glucuronyltransferase of these cells. Thus, comparable apparent Km values for UDPGA (0.63 mM) and for testosterone (14 microgram) were observed, although apparent maximal velocities, Vmax, differed several-fold (3.0 versus 0.55 pmol/10(6) cells per min, in SN1006 and RPMI-1788 cells, respectively). 3. Kinetic studies of glucuronidation of testosterone, estradiol, phenolphthalein, alpha-naphthol, 4-methylumbelliferone, and p-nitrophenol yielded comparable apparent Km values for UDPGA (0.56-0.67 mM), suggesting that the same, or similar, glucuronyltransferase(s) catalyse(s) glucuronidation of this wide range of substrates in lymphocytes. This was reinforced by the observation of competitive inhibition of testosterone glucuronidation by alpha-naphthol (Ki 0.25mM), 4-methylumbelliferone (Ki 0.8mM) and p-nitrophenol (Ki 0.8 mM). Thus, lymphocyte glucuronyltransferase activity with a broad substrate specificity, for steroidal and non-steroidal aglycones, is indicated. PMID- 6798765 TI - [The efficacy of gestoden (delta 15-d-norgestrel) as ovulation inhibitor (author's transl)]. AB - Two single-phase combined low-dosage oral contraceptive preparations were tested with respect to their effects on functional parameters of the menstrual cycle. Twenty young women with a normal biphasic menstrual cycle took part in this random study. Evaluation of cervical function, consistency and crystallisation ability of the cervical mucous and of the karyopyknosis index as well as radioimmunoassay of the serum levels of LH, FSH, HPRL, 17-beta-oestradiol and progesterone were carried out consecutively as from the 8th day over the duration of one control cycle and one in which contraceptive as administered. Preparation I (SH D 356 A) contained 75 micrograms delta 15-d-norgestrel (Gestoden) + 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol. Whilst preparation II (SH D 356 B) contained 75 micrograms d-norgestrel + 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol. Both substances successfully inhibited ovulation, whereby the former achieved a markedly greater suppression of function with regard to all parameters and, yet good menstrual cycle control was maintained. Hence, gestoden enables the content of active components in oral contraceptives to be reduced even further without detracting from the safety of the technique. PMID- 6798768 TI - Effects of detergents and organic solvents on rat liver microsomal UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity towards phenolic substrates. AB - 1. The effects of several detergents (Brij 58, deoxycholate and Lubrol 12A9) and ether on the initial rate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards fixed concentrations of five phenolic acceptor substrates of widely different octanol buffer (pH 7.4) partition coefficient have been compared with those observed in non-activated and Triton X-100-and n-pentane-activated rat liver microsomes. 2. Enzymic activity was dependent on the lipid-solubility of acceptor substrate. Each activator, except Triton X-100, enhanced enzymic activity towards all substrates by a similar factor, which was independent of the octanol-buffer partition coefficient. For Triton X-100 microsomes, the activation was also partition-dependent. 3. The highest activation factor was seen with ether. Pre incubation of ether-activated microsomes for 30 min at 37 degrees C before assay resulted in inactivation of the enzyme towards more water-soluble substrates. Tryptic digestion (30 min at 37 degrees C) of the ether-activated microsomes resulted in marked reduction of enzyme activity towards all substrates. 4. Ether, and the two detergents, Brij 58 and Lubrol 12A9, released small amounts of protein (5-12% total present); both detergents also released some (8-12%) phospholipid. 5. The Kappm towards acceptor substrate also depended on the octanol-buffer partition coefficient, and was largely unchanged on activation by n-pentane. Vmax was not dependent on partition coefficient and was significantly increased on activation. PMID- 6798769 TI - A study of amylolytic system of Schwanniomyces castelii. AB - The amylolytic system of Schwanniomyces castellii cultured on a yeast extract starch medium consists of 3 enzymes: an alpha-amylase (molecular weight 40,000), glucoamylase I (molecular weight 90,000), and glucoamylase II (molecular weight 45,000). The properties of the enzymes and the action of enzyme inhibitors were determined. PMID- 6798770 TI - Propionate formation in Rhodospirillum rubrum under anaerobic dark conditions. AB - Experiments with 14C labelled propionyl-CoA, methylmalonyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA showed that these compounds are intermediates of propionate synthesis in fermentative metabolism of Rhodospirillum rubrum. The rate of propionate and succinate production is dependent on the CO2 concentration of the medium. There is, however, no evidence for a transcarboxylation, and high concentrations of propionate in the medium did not inhibit propionate synthesis as in the case in propionibacteria. PEP-carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) and propionyl-CoA-carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.3) showed high activities, whereas the other two PEP-carboxylases (EC 4.1.1.31, EC 4.1.1.38), and the pyruvate-carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1.) showed only very low activity. It is probable that in pyruvate fermentation metabolism of R. rubrum no specific enzymes are activated for propionate formation and all enzymes are still present from aerobic or phototrophic preculture. PMID- 6798771 TI - [Correction by surgical therapy in Recklinghausen's disease (author's transl)]. AB - After discussing the general and cutaneous symptomatic of the M. Recklinghausen as well as the physical and psychical alterations, which were defined as an essential indication for an operative intervention, we will demonstrate you the result of the operative corrective therapy by recidivation of dewlap. PMID- 6798772 TI - Experimental dicrocoeliasis: the humoral immune response of golden hamsters and rabbits to primary infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum. AB - The results presented deal with the humoral immune response of golden hamsters to primary experimental infection with D. dendriticum. The development of serum antibodies has been comparatively investigated with three hamster groups (n = 43) harbouring different burdens of adult flukes. The mean numbers of parasites were 11, 30, or 130 per animal. Serum antibody response was studied during an observation period of at least 331 and up to 496 days postinfection. For antibody detection the sensitivities of precipitation test (PTs) (double diffusion test, immuno- and counterimmunoelectrophoresis), of the indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT), the complement fixation test (CFT), and the enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) were compared using aqueous crude fluke antigen and crude egg antigen. CFT and ELISA were most sensitive for the early detection of initial response. Thereafter all the tests employed revealed increasing antibody titres, which in general remained at constant levels and persisted until the end of the observation period with the exception of CF-antibodies. In general fluke antigen was found to be more sensitive than egg antigen. However, in CFT this antigen occasionally has been associated with unspecific inhibition of haemolysis. Comparison of the results shows that ELISA using crude fluke antigen gave the most realistic picture of the actual fluke burden. Also preliminary results on the precipitin response of rabbits (n = 3) after primary experimental exposure to different numbers of metacercariae (500, 1,000, and 3,000 per animal respectively) are reported. Employing the above mentioned PTs a persisting antibody response could be demonstrated only after exposure to at least 3,000 infective larvae. The initial response was found on day 63, the observation period was 550 days. PMID- 6798773 TI - Isolation of fraction no. 10 from Taenia saginata and evaluation of its specificity for the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis. AB - In an attempt to prove the specificity of the crude Taenia saginata antigen for the immunodiagnosis of bovine cysticercosis, a major and highly immunogenic fraction (F10), responsible for the formation of the typical "long band" reaction in immunoelectrophoresis, has been isolated from T. saginata proglottides by immunoaffinity chromatography. The immunoabsorbent was prepared by coupling a specifically raised hyperimmune serum (HIS) anti-F10 to Sepharose 4B. The purity of the isolated F10 was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation reactions. The HIS anti-F10, however, cross-reacted with several larval and adult Taenia spp. Consequently, F10 showed cross-reactions with the sera of animals infected with hydatid cysts or larval T. hydatigena. F10 also reacted with HIS anti-F5 (Echinococcus granulosus) but was shown to be non-identical with the well known F5 of E. granulosus. These data prove that F10 of T. saginata was not species specific but showed a group specificity for the taeniid family - a situation analogous to F5 of E. granulosus. PMID- 6798775 TI - [Bunyaviruses]. PMID- 6798774 TI - [Final host specificity of sarcocystis species transmitted by dogs (authors's transl)]. AB - Dogs and raccoons were fed muscle of various intermediate hosts that had been infected either naturally or artificially wit Sarcocystis species transmitted from dogs. The muscle samples used for the experiments contained cysts of the following species: S. sp. of the donkey, S. bovicanis of cattle, S. ovicanis and S. sp. of sheep, S. suicanis of pigs, or S. capracanis and S. sp. of goats. In all trails, the dogs shed sporocysts of the Sarcocystis species concerned after a typical prepatency. In the faeces of the raccoons sporocysts were only found after they were fed on porcine muscle containing S. suicanis. The prepatency in raccoons was 9 days. Both the prepatent period of S. suicanis and the size of the excreted sporocysts were identical in dogs and raccoons. Sporocysts isolated from raccoon faeces were infective for pigs. Thus the raccoon was established as an additional final host of S. suicanis, and may be of significance in the epidemiology of this parasite in the European wild boar. PMID- 6798776 TI - [Conservative treatment of primary and recurrent malignant stomach neoplasms]. PMID- 6798777 TI - Total small bowel and colon aganglionosis. AB - A case of total small bowel and colon aganglionosis is presented and 11 previous cases are briefly reviewed. The relatively long survival of our patient in an excellent condition provided the possibility of studying the behaviour of the aganglionic small bowel, disclosing that in the absence of propulsion, absorption is uninvolved and enteral feeding is possible. Aganglionosis of the ileum does not imply absence of muscle activity (leading to misleading bowel sounds and visible peristalsis on X-ray studies), and often the affected small bowel is dilated. In cases of Hirschsprung's disease with small bowel involvement we recommend as routine a full thickness biopsy of the jejunum, to ensure early diagnosis of the fatal disease of total intestinal aganglionosis. PMID- 6798778 TI - Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Paediatric Surgery Division. AB - Atresia of the colon was first described in the literature. The authors present 4 cases seen at the paediatric surgery division of the Regina Margherita Children's Hospital in Turin. After a brief discussion of the embryology, attention is focused on the treatment of this malformation. PMID- 6798779 TI - [Intraduodenal diverticulum as a result of a congenital membrane]. PMID- 6798780 TI - [Recovery of germs on surfaces with the collector by Thran (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798781 TI - [Recovery of germs dried on surfaces with the collector by Thran]. PMID- 6798782 TI - [Pyocine typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from nosocomial outbreaks - after the elimination of possible sources of mistakes by heat-treatment (author's transl)]. AB - In 25% of the freshly cultivated Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (isolated from nosocomial infections) a change of the pyocine type determined according to the method of Gillies and Govan results from passages on selective or non-selective media or from several days' storage at room temperature (Tab. 1 and 2). This inconstancy of the pyocine type can be avoided by exposure of the strains to 56 degrees C for 5-75 min. After this heat treatment the agarose-gel-electrophoresis of the strains shows the loss of all non-conjugative plasmids smaller than 25 kbp (Fig. 2). By typing more than 1,000 strains from nosocomial Pyocyaneus outbreaks we could demonstrate the reliability of the pyocine typing after having cured the strains by heat. Further we propose a binary numbering system for the pyocine types using the results of the 8 indicator strains (Tab. 3). PMID- 6798783 TI - Microbiology of frozen goat meat and toxin production by Bacillus cereus isolated therefrom. AB - Microbial analysis of commercial samples of freshly frozen goat meat and those stored at - 12 degrees C for one week revealed high counts of aerobic bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci. These counts increased with storage. Psychrophilic bacteria were higher in number than mesophiles. The counts of Salmonella were zero CFU/g in both freshly frozen and stock frozen meat. No yeast or moulds were encountered. Mouse tests of crude culture filtrate of B. cereus and preparations from meat samples confirmed the production of toxin. PMID- 6798784 TI - [Chromosomal analysis of baboons and their mothers, following application to mothers of potentially post-ovulation fertility-inhibiting steroids (author's transl)]. AB - One single does of 0.4 mg of steroid compounds Levonorgestrel (13-ethyl-17alpha ethinyl-17beta-hydroxy-gon-4-en-3-on) or STS 557 (17alpha-cyanomethyl-17beta hydroxy-13beta-methylgona-4.9-dien-3-on) was administered to each of six baboon mothers, right after mating. No indication whatsoever to possible mutagenic action of the compounds applied under the given experimental conditions were recordable from the bone-marrow cells of the mothers nor from the lymphocytes of peripheral blood of their newborns. Chromosomal aberrations recorded from this species were within normal limits. PMID- 6798785 TI - [The problem of accidental paravenous application of cytostatics--case history (author's transl)]. AB - Growing importance is being gained by cytostatic substances and their therapeutic use on genital malignomas, in particular ovarian carcinoma. Increasing use of cytostatics, which are all characterised by extremely low therapeutic index values, has aggravated the risk of undesired side-effects, including toxic phenomena.--Reported in this paper is the case history of a patient who had suffered irreversible damage due to tissue necrosis of one forearm. Reference is made to possible approaches to prophylaxis for the purpose of preventing occurrence of localised side-effects of chemotherapy for neoplasias. PMID- 6798786 TI - Immunological markers of an attenuated bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) virus vaccine. PMID- 6798787 TI - Isolation and characterization of equine IgE. PMID- 6798788 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus from cows with subclinical udder infection]. PMID- 6798790 TI - [Immunological reactivity to the products of normal microflora. III. Characteristics of antibodies to the common antigens of enterobacteria, enterococci and bifidobacteria]. AB - The content and type of antibodies to the common antigens of enterobacteria, enterococci and bifidobacteria were studied in serum specimens obtained from 220 donors. Antibody titers to enterobacteria were almost twice as high as those to enterococci and 8 times higher than those in bifidobacteria. The final titer of the reaction with enterobacterial antigens in 90% of the donors was determined by IgG (7S); in respect of enterococci and bifidobacteria IgM played the leading role in 56% and 74% of the cases, respectively. In most cases the profile of immune responsiveness was characterized by marked individuality and comprised various titers and types of antibodies to the antigens of all three groups of bacteria. The results thus obtained are analyzed from the viewpoint of normal responsiveness to standard immunological stimuli; all individuals come in contact with such stimuli with an equal degree of probability. PMID- 6798789 TI - [Electrophoretic mobility of lymphocytes from guinea pigs sensitized by meningococci]. PMID- 6798791 TI - [Various features of dopamine metabolism in schizophrenia]. AB - Peculiarities of dopamine metabolism were investigated in 27 patients with various forms of active schizophrenic process. The investigations were carried out by determining the content of dopamine and its metabolites in the blood and urine. In all the patients a considerable rise of the dopamine blood level (284.7 of normal) was revealed: prevalent were bound forms of this amine. The free dopamine content in the blood rose still higher in cases of psychomotor excitation. The dopamine content in the patients' urine was lowered. The determinations of dopamine metabolites, such as, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid showed an insufficiency of dopamine deamination: this was an evidence of a deficient activity of monoamine oxidase. Administration of L-DOPA to schizophrenic patients did not cause a rise of the dopamine blood level (in distinction from normal). The author suggests that the discovered disturbances of dopamine metabolism play a certain role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. PMID- 6798793 TI - Effect of IgG-horseradish peroxidase conjugates purified on Con A-Sepharose upon sensitivity of enzyme immunoassay. AB - Antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were purified by gel filtration and by combination of affinity chromatography and gel filtration. Binding kinetics to solid phase bound antigens were studied of the antibody enzyme conjugates in the presence and in the absence of unlabelled IgG. The detection limit in enzyme immunoassay was found to be lowered by factor 16 after elimination of unlabelled IgG from the conjugate. PMID- 6798792 TI - [Effect of diuretics on the distribution and renal excretion of lithium in rats of different ages]. AB - The postnatal development of the renal lithium elimination is maturated earlier than that of renal sodium excretion. The filtered lithium is reabsorbed to a great amount in the kidney (70-80%). 90% of the administered lithium is eliminated by the kidney. Acetazolamide stimulates the renal lithium excretion in young and adult rats. Other diuretics with different sites of attack are not able to influence the elimination of lithium. Also, a forced diuresis does not change the elimination rate of lithium. The well-known interactions between sodium and ithium must have their cause in extrarenal processes. PMID- 6798794 TI - Detection of a monoclonal human myeloma protein of IgM and IgG class by carp anti idiotypic sera. AB - In the Patient St. with a Morbus Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia a double paraproteinemia could be detected. Besides the IgM myeloma protein an IgG myeloma protein was identified during the clinical course. A strong cross reactivity between the IgM and the IgG myeloma proteins was shown using anti-idiotypic antisera. This is an indirect indication for a common precursor cell clone of the IgM- and IgG-myeloma protein producing cells. The anti-idiotypic antisera were made in carp. The high specificity of these antisera could be confirmed by inhibition assays. The double paraproteinemia has been proved to be convenient model for testing the idiotypic specificity of anti-Id antisera of carp. PMID- 6798796 TI - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). PMID- 6798795 TI - Retransfusion acidosis and ventilation. AB - The blood pressure of dogs anaesthetized with 0.1 g/kg of chloralose was reduced to 40 mm Hg by arterial bleeding. Thirty percent of the drawn blood refluxed spontaneously, the rest was retransfused either suddenly arterially or slowly in 15 minutes by the venous route. In other groups a total quantity of 25 ml/kg was drawn from an artery at a rate of 50 ml/kg and after about one minute the entire quantity of blood was rapidly retransfused through the artery. The control group breathed spontaneously, the other groups were given artificial respiration, or the sinus nerves and the vagus were transected separately or simultaneously, or transection was combined with artificial ventilation. PMID- 6798797 TI - Benefits of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. A clinical review. AB - During the last 15 years total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has played a role of increased importance in the treatment of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, alongside conventional medical and surgical therapy. Ten cases, both inveterate and recently discovered ones, which illustrate the possible applications and great benefits of TPN are reported. The importance of a balanced, complete intravenous feeding regimen using a special aseptic infusion technique for obtaining optimal results is stressed. The difficulties involved in a scientific evaluation of the therapeutic results are discussed. PMID- 6798798 TI - Jejunal diverticulosis with perforation and peritonitis. Case report. AB - Non-Meckelian diverticula of the jejunum and ileum are reported to occur in 0.3 4.6% of all autopsies. A case with the rare complication of perforation and peritonitis is reported. The perforated diverticulum, partly hidden by the mesenteric fat may be hard to detect. The condition should therefore be looked for specifically by the surgeon when laparotomy fails to disclose perforation in the usual locations. PMID- 6798800 TI - Gut structure changes in rats on continuous and intermittent complete parenteral nutrition. AB - Diarrhoea is often seen as a complication in infants when shifting from a few weeks of complete parenteral nutrition (CPN) to enteral feeding. In this experimental study, the intestinal structure during CPN was investigated, whereby rats received a 10-day regimen of CPN continuously or for 12 hours per day. A third groups of rats received the same regimen enterally ad libitum. The weight and nitrogen content of the intestine decreased in the intravenously fed rats. Marked mucosal changes were seen particularly in the proximal part of the small intestine, where the height of villi and the nitrogen content decreased most. The decreased height of the villi seemed to be caused mainly by a decrease in the number of mucosa cells. No obvious advantages were seen by giving the regimen for 12 hours per day. PMID- 6798799 TI - Metabolic studies in multiple injured patients. Clinical features, routine chemical analyses and nitrogen balance. AB - The effect of three different isocaloric parenteral nutritional regimes has been investigated in the early postoperative period in 19 patients with severe multiple injuries. Clinical course, biochemical analyses and nitrogen balance were monitored. The first group received glucose and insulin (n = 7), the second group fat and glucose (n = 6) and the third group fat, glucose and 24 g aminoacid nitrogen (n = 6). The clinical course was similar in the three groups and all patients survived. The biochemical changes showed a typical pattern for trauma and there were no differences between the groups except for urea, which was significantly higher in the group receiving amino acids. The cumulative nitrogen balance was markedly less negative one week after trauma (-45 g N +/- 8) in the group given amino acids, glucose and fat compared to those given isocaloric amounts of glucose (-84 g N +/- 12) or glucose and fat (-95 g N +/- 10). This improvement in nitrogen balance was probably mainly due to an increase in protein synthesis. PMID- 6798801 TI - Growth and nitrogen utilization in rats on continuous and intermittent parenteral nutrition with and without fat (Intralipid 20%). AB - A rat model relevant to paediatric praxis was designed in order to evaluate possible differences between total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with fat (Intralipid 20%), and isocaloric TPN without fat and also to compare continuous TPN (24 hours/day) versus intermittent TPN (12 hours/day). TPN with fat resulted in better growth and nitrogen utilization. Continuous TPN with fat resulted in statistically significant better nitrogen utilization. The results suggest that TPN in paediatric praxis should be continuous and include fat. PMID- 6798803 TI - Liver changes in rats on continuous and intermittent parenteral nutrition with and without fat (Intralipid 20%). AB - The possible advantages of including fat in a regimen of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have long been debated. In order to investigate the role of fat in liver function during different intravenous regimens, two groups of rats received a regimen including fat (Intralipid 20%) during 12 and 24 hours/day, respectively and two groups received a fat-free regimen, isocaloric and isonitrogenous, during the same intervals, all for a period of 10 days. A control group received for 10 days the fat-including regimen orally and libitum. The liver was investigated biochemically and morphologically. Fatty infiltration of the parenchymal liver cells, a low content of linoleic acid and a high content of palmitic and oleic acid among the liver lipids were found in the rats receiving the fat-free regimen. Fat pigments in the cells of the reticuloendothelial system of the livers and values of fatty acid among the liver lipids comparable to those found in orally-fed rats were seen in rat receiving the fat-including regimen. This study underscores the physiological importance of including intravenous fat emulsion in the TPN regimen. Our results also indicate that essential fatty acid deficiency in tissue may develop rapidly. PMID- 6798802 TI - Complete parenteral nutrition in the surgery of the newborn infant. AB - A regimen of complete parenteral nutrition (CPN), including glucose, amino acids, fat, water- and fat-soluble vitamins and minerals, was used in 10 newborn infants operated on for gastrointestinal malformations. By giving more than 90 kcal/kg/day (376 kJ) and approximately 2.1 g amino acids/kg/day, normal weight gain and nitrogen retention were obtained. 3-Methylhistidine excretion was measured in 4 infants and a correlation to the nitrogen retention was found. Normal fat clearance rates, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations in serum were measured in all infants except in one pre-term. One preterm infant had very low levels of zinc in serum and red cells and had clinical signs of zinc deficiency. The regimen seemed to suit full-term infants very well but it is possible that even more energy should be supplied to pre-term infants and perhaps also different amounts of trace elements. PMID- 6798805 TI - Evaluation of the functional activity of uncomplexed monomers from Bufo bufo unfertilized eggs. PMID- 6798804 TI - [Bacillus cereus infections. A propos of 3 personal cases]. PMID- 6798807 TI - [External intestinal fistulae. Clinical treatment. Surgical treatment]. AB - There are 105 cases shown, all of them as a consequence of surgical operations or external traumatisms or surgery in the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon. These 105 cases were divided into two major groups: 1) simple and 2) multiple. 76 of the first group and 29 of the second group were treated. An equal therapeutic criterion was followed independently of the etiology. In the first stage the surgical cleaning of the wound was made and it was washed and vacuum cleaned with a solution of lactic acid. The surgery is only used in the complicated cases. The nutrition intravenous therapeutic of hidroelectrolitic and blood volume replacement was installed, besides, this system is used for the antibiotheraphy. The success of the parenteral nutrition depends upon the control of the sepsis. In cases where it is possible, the enteral nutrition is started only after 10 days of treatment. Before surgery on the fistula, the medical treatment is maintained, at least, during 4 weeks, which in some cases could be extended up to a maximum of six months. The fistula reappears again when the surgery is performed too soon. When the process is restrained, the nutritive condition is improved and the sepsis is controlled, the surgery takes place to reestablish the intestinal passage. The 47,7% of the cases recovered with only medical treatment. It is evident that late surgery improves the results, since of 22 cases, where surgery was performed, 86,3% cured, and which in turn represents 18% of the total cases. PMID- 6798806 TI - The influence of gonadotropic hormones on the development of chick embryo gonads in organ culture during the second week of incubation. PMID- 6798808 TI - The degradation of glycoconjugates in the human gastric mucous membrane. AB - Autolysis of a homogenate from the human gastric mucosa results in the release of the reducing substances into the supernatant. The activities of the six glycosidases from the human gastric mucosa, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, N acetyl-Beta-galactosaminidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha mannosidase and alpha-glucosidase were determined. Certain properties of the enzymes are described. The significance of these enzymes in glycoprotein catabolism in the human gastric mucosa is discussed. PMID- 6798810 TI - A new technique: nitroglycerin to induce hypotension for Harrington rod procedure. AB - The use of induced hypotension for spinal instrumentation and fusion will remain controversial, but we do feel our results have been safe and effective. We by no means feel enough cases have been done with nitroglycerin. The wide range of differences in the blood loss in our two techniques could very well narrow as more and more cases are done. The trend we see of decreased blood loss with nitroglycerin may very continue. However, we do feel our results warrant further use of this technique. PMID- 6798809 TI - Uptake of metronidazole by human erythrocytes. AB - In studies performed with equilibrium dialysis metronidazole was found to bind closely to human erythrocytes. In blood of haematocrit value approximately 50% of the drug was bound to erythrocytes. The ratio of bound and unbound metronidazole was influenced by the concentration of the drug and the erythrocytes. Of the intracellular proteins of erythrocytes it was the carbonic anhydrase enzyme in the first place which was responsible for binding; binding to haemoglobin was negligible. Besides binding to it, metronidazole reduced the carbonic anhydrase activity by almost 50%. PMID- 6798812 TI - Fentanyl in the fourth cerebral ventricle causes respiratory depression in the anesthetized but not in the awake dog. AB - Specific binding sites for opiate-induced bradycardia, hypotension and EEG synchronization are located in areas bordering the IVth cerebral ventricle in the dog. To see if the clinically observed opiate-induced respiratory depression is mediated selectively from ponto-bulbar respiratory neurones, increasing concentrations of fentanyl (2.5-5-10-20 micrograms/ml) were perfused through the IVth cerebral ventricle in canines. Contrary to the awake state, fentanyl perfusion during halothane-anesthesia (0.75 vol%/O2) induced a dose-related increase in arterial PCO2. This effect was reversed by subsequent naloxone perfusion (20 micrograms/ml). The administration of halothane alone over the same period of time did not affect PCO2 in a similar manner. It is suggested that higher cortical centers which are involved in sensory awareness may modulate respiratory neurones in the medulla, since the depression of these higher centers by halothane resulted in opiate-induced respiratory impairment. An additive effect of fentanyl- and halothane-induced release of opiate-like peptides (enkephalins) on respiration should also be considered. PMID- 6798814 TI - Cytoarchitecture of the oculomotor nuclear complex and of the trochlear nucleus in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The cytoarchitecture of the oculomotor nuclear complex (ONC) and of the trochlear nucleus (TN) was studied in the encephalon of 10 adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). All the encephala were fixed with Bouin, embedded in paraffin and submitted to 20-mum serial sections in the transversal, frontal and horizontal directions. The following staining methods were employed: Nissl, Kluver-Barrera, and Pal-Weigert, modified by Erhart [1951]. Morphologically we delimited four cell columns in the ONC of the marmoset, namely lateral, dorsal, anterior, and dorsal central. The lateral and dorsal central columns comparatively correspond, in man, to the somatic portion. The others to the visceral portion. The trochlear nucleus of the marmoset is compact, round in shape and can be divided in to central cellular, dorsoventral and ventrolateral groups. The neurons of both the nuclei, of the multipolar type, predominantly have a round shape but it is also possible to observe oval or triangular neurons. They have a central nucleus, the Nissl substance is not dense and is irregularly disposed. Some differences in the size of neurons can be observed among the columns of the ONC. PMID- 6798811 TI - Influence of plasma oncotic pressure on lung water accumulation and gas exchange after experimental lung injury in the pig. AB - In 18 anaesthetized and artificially ventilated pigs, oleic acid was infused intravenously in order to induce a lung injury characterized by increased lung water content, decreased compliance and a ventilation/perfusion disturbance. After a stabilizing period, half of the animals (group P) underwent repeated plasmapheresis, which halved their plasma oncotic pressure (POP). The rest of the animals were bled and re-transfused with the shed blood, thus serving as a control group. In both groups, care was taken to keep the mean left atrial pressure as constant as possible. During plasmapheresis and "shamapheresis", there was no significant increase in venous admixture (F102 0.21 and 0.6) in either of the groups. At the end of the study, end-inspiratory pressure, dead space/tidal volume ratio and wet/dry lung weight ratio (WW/DW) were significantly higher in group P. Venous admixture and WW/DW correlated significantly with pulmonary arterial pressure and calculated pulmonary capillary pressure, but not with POP or POP minus pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure. It is concluded that reduction of plasma oncotic pressure may increase the lung water content in previously injured lungs, but this extra water accumulation does not necessarily impair oxygenation in the lungs. PMID- 6798813 TI - Respiratory, analgesic and endocrine responses to an enkephalin analogue in normal man. AB - In a controlled study, the effect of a new enkephalin analogue (FW 34-569, Sandoz) on respiratory function (ventilatory response to CO2), pain threshold (hot plate technique), and plasma cortisol, prolactin, growth hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was investigated in six normal subjects. One milligram of enkephalin, but not 0.5 mg, resulted in a significantly decreased ventilatory response to CO2, although mean values were not significantly different from saline control values (0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Neither 0.5 mg nor 1.0 mg enkephalin influenced pain threshold, but doses stimulated growth hormones and prolactin release and inhibited the release of cortisol and LH, while FSH remained unchanged. PMID- 6798815 TI - Electrophysiological signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. AB - Electrophysiological findings were analysed in a group of 24 patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) without Lafora bodies. Denervation activity in needle EMG and diminution of motor and sensory responses pointed out a mild axonal degeneration. We observed a significant slowing of motor and sensory conduction velocities in all the limb nerves examined, but distal motor latencies were not significantly increased. H-reflex latency of the posterior tibial nerve was prolonged. These results yielded the suggestion that there is a systemic peripheral nerve membrane dysfunction in PME. PMID- 6798816 TI - Open trial with levodopa-carbidopa combination to patients with long-standing progressive myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6798817 TI - Histochemical studies of lysosomal enzyme and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of phagocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with infectious diseases of the central nervous system. AB - Lysosomal enzyme levels and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of phagocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) were studied histochemically to evaluate the function of phagocytes. Lysosomal enzymes of acid phosphatase and beta galactosidase were demonstrated in mononuclear phagocytes and leptomeningeal cells, but not in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and lymphocytes. In tuberculous meningitis, more than 60% of the cells were positive for the enzymes as compared with less than 30% for other diseases. Besides, the cells which stained highly for the enzymes were often found in the CSF of tuberculous meningitis. The lysosomal enzyme levels in the cells were dependent on the nature of the infection rather than on the intensity of inflammation when judged by total cell count in the CSF. On the other hand, reduced NBT formazan was found in PMN, mononuclear phagocytes, and leptomeningeal cells. The intensity of NBT reduction by these cells correlated well with the total cell count in CSF; i.e., enhanced NBT reduction by phagocytes reflected the intensity of the inflammation in the subarachnoid space. Thus, histochemical study of phagocytes in CSF can provide useful additional aids to the diagnosis of the nature and stage of CNS infection. PMID- 6798818 TI - The conjunctival and contact lens bacterial flora during lens wear. AB - The conjunctival bacterial flora in wearers of hydrophilic, hard and silicone lenses and in a non-lens control group has been studied. Cultures were also taken from the posterior surface of the various contact lenses. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the most commonly occurring microorganisms both on the conjunctiva and on the lenses. Further identification of these bacteria showed Staph. epidermidis to be the predominant species. Compared with control group a significantly increased frequency of negative conjunctival cultures was found among the lens wearers (P = 0.020). The occurrence of coagulase negative staphylococci was reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Gram-negative bacilli were more frequently found during lens wear (P = 0.012), but were mainly species which are traditionally regarded as apathogenic. The possible influence of lens disinfection, duration of lens wear and eye/lid hygiene on the conjunctival bacterial flora is discussed. PMID- 6798819 TI - Hydrogen peroxide and corneal endothelium. AB - Because of recent evidence of low levels of hydrogen peroxide in the aqueous humor, studies were performed to determine levels of corneal endothelial toxicity as well as factors modifying toxicity. Perfusion of cornea endothelial cells for 3 h with varying concentrations of hydrogen peroxide demonstrated a threshold of toxicity at a concentration between 0.3 and 0.5 mM H2O2. The toxic effect resulted in rapid corneal swelling as well as disruption of endothelial cell cytoplasm and organelles. Both the physiologic and anatomic toxic effects of 0.5 mM H2O2 could be blocked with 5400 U/ml catalase. Exposure of corneas to 20 mM H2O2 for 10 min in the presence of EDTA - Fe+3 resulted in an enhancement of corneal swelling rate more rapid than that which resulted from a 10 min exposure to 20 mM H2O2 alone. Neither the presence of ascorbic acid nor the absence of glutathione and adenosine had and effect on the cornea swelling rate which occurred during a 3 h perfusion of endothelium with 0.3 mM H2O2. Chelated iron had no effect on the corneal swelling induced by phototactivation of rose bengal presensitized cornea endothelial cells. PMID- 6798820 TI - Variation in bacterial count in otorrhea from cases of chronic otitis media depending upon the method of antibiotic administration. AB - Patients with chronic otitis media (COM) were divided into two groups, one to be given Cephalexin (CEX) orally and the other to be given CEX ear drops locally. The counts of viable bacteria in otorrheal samples collected before and after CEX administration were determined. The incidence of decrease in the count of bacteria was higher in the group given ear drops than in the group given oral doses. The magnitude of decrease was greater in the former group. Various concentration of CEX representing the levels of the drug considered available at an otitis focus following oral administration were added to otorrheal preparations placed in biophotometer cells. After 24 hours of incubation, bacteria as undetected initially in the otorrhea were found in the biophotometer cells in 3 of 14 cases of COM. PMID- 6798822 TI - Respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients caused by virus, chlamydia and mycoplasma--possible synergism with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - 116 cystic fibrosis patients were observed, by monthly examinations over an eight month period, to investigate the importance of non-bacterial respiratory infections (NBI) in exacerbations of the respiratory disease. Sputum was examined for bacteria, and serum investigated for antibody response against virus, mycoplasma and chlamydia and for antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During this period each patient had, on an average, 2.9 exacerbations of which 76% were associated with bacteria, most frequently P. aeruginosa (51%), and 20% with NBI, although bacteria were also present in most of these cases. No etiology was established in 18% of the exacerbations. The NBI were caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (9%), parainfluenza virus (5%), influenza virus (3.6%), adenovirus (2.4%), mycoplasma (0.6%) and chlamydia (0.6%). The incidence of exacerbations was higher in patients with chronic P. aeruginosa infections. RSV infections were more common in patients who developed chronic P. aeruginosa infection during the study period, and RSV infections were frequently associated with a rise of P. aeruginosa antibodies in patients who harboured these bacteria. The important role of NBI as mediators of onset of chronic P. aeruginosa infections in cystic fibrosis patients is suggested. PMID- 6798821 TI - Concentration of phenoxymethylpenicillin (pcV) in the mucous membrane of maxillary sinus in patients with and without sign of sinusitis. PMID- 6798823 TI - Metabolic effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia in the newborn infant during the first two hours after birth. III. Adjustment of arterial blood gases and acid-base balance. AB - Effects of obstetric regional analgesia and of asphyxia on the arterial blood gases and acid-base balance in the first two hours after birth were investigated in 85 newborn infants divided into a control group, an asphyxia group and a continuous epidural, an intermittent epidural and a paracervical + pudendal block group. Lidocaine was the drug used in the analgesia groups. In the asphyxia group the metabolic acidosis decreased and pH was normalized to the level of the control group between 10 and 30 min after birth. During this period in the asphyxia group PaO2 was higher than and PaCO2 similar to the corresponding control values. Compared with the control group, in the regional analgesia groups the metabolic acidosis tended to be less extensive and PaO2 higher, whereas PaCO2 was similar. A lower packed red cell volume in the asphyxia and in the regional analgesia groups, probably due to differences in placental transfusion, may have had influence on the results. Within the regional analgesia groups infants with hyperglycemia showed signs of an increased metabolic acidosis while infants with hypoglycemia had low base deficit and lactate values supporting the assumption that neonatal blood glucose concentration may reflect perinatal distress. PMID- 6798824 TI - Hyperlysinemia without clinical findings. AB - A three-year-old asymptomatic boy with hyperlysinemia is presented. The patient's plasma lysine levels have been constantly high (685-1370 mumol/l) and excessive urinary excretion of ornithine, arginine and cystine have been noted. There was no detectable activity of lysine-ketoglutarate reductase nor saccharopine dehydrogenase in skin fibroblast culture. Review of the reported cases and this patient with serious biochemical defect but without symptoms indicate clinical heterogeneity in hereditary hyperlysinemia. PMID- 6798825 TI - Revascularization in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6798826 TI - Nitroglycerin in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6798827 TI - Reorganization of perception: a Konorskian interpretation of the Innsbruck experiments. AB - This paper discusses the close fit of Konorski?s model to the data of Kohler?s Innsbruck experiments and also to more recent neurophysiological studies of environmental surgery or sensory disturbances. The dramatic Innsbruck research using special goggles or prismatic glasses that reversed or distorted the visual field confirmed and extended Stratton's earlier use of the substitution method. The subjects had at first insuperable difficulties in their locomotor behavior if it was guided by vision. After practice guided by certain rules, they were able to perform and eventually to "see" correctly in the strange environment. These studies demonstrate the plasticity of the nervous system, even in the adult. The problem for the field is to determine how these new associations, antagonistic to long established conditioned reflexes (CRs), become functional. The particular questions arise: what rules impede, what rules facilitate the transformation of CRs, and what physiological mechanism is responsible for the changed relations between the organism and the external world? Konorski?s remarkable theory is that no transformations of connections occurs in the reversal training. Instead, what actually happens is the formation of a connection between the original instrumental CR and non-reinforcement, and actualization of excitatory connections between the CS units and the kinesthetic units of the antagonistic movement. If correct, this motor act marks the termination of the eliciting drive and is reinforced. The original CR is readily re-established by restitution of its reinforcement. PMID- 6798828 TI - [2 cases of cerebral injury with sequelae of convulsive episodes studied by C.A.T]. PMID- 6798830 TI - Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen disease). Genetics, cell biology, and biochemistry. PMID- 6798829 TI - Influence of dietary linoleic acid content on blood pressure regulation in salt loaded rats (with special reference to the prostaglandin system). PMID- 6798831 TI - Neurofibromatosis: an overview and new directions in clinical investigations. PMID- 6798832 TI - Neurological aspects of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798833 TI - Possible maternal and hormonal factors in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798835 TI - Characteristics of skin and tumor fibroblasts from neurofibromatosis patients. PMID- 6798834 TI - Neurofibromatosis fibroblasts: abnormal growth and binding to epidermal growth factor. PMID- 6798836 TI - Monoclonal antibodies as tools for analyzing neurofibromatosis and other genetic diseases. PMID- 6798837 TI - Melanin synthesis pathways in the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798838 TI - Neuropathological findings and the biology of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798839 TI - A geneticist's view of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798840 TI - Problems in diagnosing neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798841 TI - Translation of case reports in Ueber die multiplen Fibrome der Haut und ihre Beziehung zu den multiplen Neuromen by F. v. Recklinghausen. PMID- 6798842 TI - Malignancy in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6798843 TI - Central neurofibromatosis with bilateral acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6798844 TI - Neurofibromatosis--the quintessential neurocristopathy: pathogenetic concepts and relationships. PMID- 6798845 TI - The regulation of normal and abnormal neural crest cell development. PMID- 6798846 TI - Subcortical and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials: characteristic waveform changes associated with disorders of the peripheral and central nervous system. PMID- 6798847 TI - Multimodality evoked responses in leukodystrophies. PMID- 6798848 TI - Platelet activation: its possible role in the migraine mechanism. PMID- 6798849 TI - Duration of the biological effect of ergotamine tartrate. PMID- 6798850 TI - [Application of fast neutrons in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate (stage C)]. PMID- 6798851 TI - [Folate determination in serum for clinical use (author's transl)]. AB - Folate deficiency may be diagnosed in man by measuring serum folate activity using either a microbiological procedure with L. casei or a radioassay. The microbiological procedure tends to be time consuming and tedious, as compared with the radioassay; nevertheless it allows the accurate determination of each folate derivative that is normally present in serum. The comparison of serum folate levels obtained by the two methods shows an adequate correlation. However, it results from individual samples show that the values obtained by the radioassay are lower than the microbiological ones by 10-30%. The lower results in the radioisotope test may be caused by the presence of high levels of unsaturated endogenous protein binders in serum and/or by the difference in affinity of lactoglobulin - the binding protein used in the test - for folic acid (standard) and 5-methyl FH4 or 10-formil FH4 (serum). PMID- 6798852 TI - Diagnosing tuberculosis by fine-needle aspiration biopsy. AB - This case report exemplifies the effectiveness of percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy in confirming active pulmonary tuberculosis when conventional methods fail to document the disease. Aspiration biopsy of the suspicious lesion allowed direct examination, which demonstrated acid-fast bacilli. Culture of the aspirate grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 6798853 TI - Juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - Each year members of a different medical faculty prepare articles for "Practical Therapeutics." This is the seventh in a series from the University of Texas Medical School at Houston. PMID- 6798854 TI - Reactions to glutaraldehyde with special reference to radiologists and X-ray technicians. PMID- 6798855 TI - Drug conversion of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia to sustained ventricular tachycardia during serial electrophysiologic studies: identification of drugs that exacerbate tachycardia and potential mechanisms. AB - Eleven of 83 patients who had ventricular tachycardia (VT) and underwent serial electrophysiologic study (EPS) had a more severe VT induced while receiving a particular antiarrhythmic drug as compared to control study. For all patients only nonsustained VT was initiated during control study, while sustained VT occurred during drug testing with disopyramide (2 patients), quinidine (2 patients), amiodarone (4 patients), and encainide (7 patients), although spontaneous arrhythmias appeared well-controlled prior to repeat testing. Pacing techniques used to induce sustained VT were the same as those used in the control study in eight patients and "less aggressive" in three patients. Almost all episodes of sustained VT resulted in substantial hypotension, especially in patients who were taking encainide. Drugs associated with sustained VT increased the median tachycardia cycle length by 112 msec (p less than 0.005) but increased the median ventricular effective refractory period by only 30 msec (p less than 0.02). Assuming re-entry was responsible for VT, we postulate that drugs facilitated initiation of sustained VT by prolonging activation time but only minimally increasing refractoriness of the tachycardia circuit. PMID- 6798856 TI - Philip Levine Award lecture. The lysis of erythrocytes by incomplete antibodies. PMID- 6798857 TI - Megakaryocytic leukemia; identification utilizing anti-factor VIII immunoperoxidase. AB - Coagulation Factor VIII is produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Antibody directed against Factor VIII or its associated antigens has been shown to be a sensitive marker for both normal and neoplastic endothelial cells. Its use to identify neoplastic megakaryocytes has not been described. We used immunoperoxidase localization of Factor VIII to identify megakaryocytes and immature megakaryocytic precursors in a case of megakaryocytic leukemia. PMID- 6798858 TI - IgD kappa plasma cell dyscrasias: extraosseous manifestations including isolated leptomeningitis. AB - IgD kappa plasma cell Dyscrasias are rare. Two cases with unusual presentations and courses area described. One of these patients had myelomatous pleural effusions, and subsequently experienced myelomatous leptomeningitis. The significance of this combination is discussed and the literature reviewed. The value of immunofluorescent techniques in identifying plasma cells in the cerebrospinal fluid and pleural fluid is emphasized. PMID- 6798859 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Serological evidence of previous subclinical infection in children. AB - Serological tests for Rocky Mountain spotted fever were performed on single serum specimens from sixth graders from Forsyth County, North Carolina, an area highly endemic for this disease. Five of 508 *.098%) sera were positive (titer greater than or equal to 1:64) using the indirect fluorescent antibody method. Elevated Proteus agglutination antibody titers (greater than 1:160) to OX-19, but not ot OX-2, were common (19.6%) in these children. No correlation of those with positive OX-19 titers could be made with the cases demonstrating elevated indirect fluorescent antibody titers or with a history of urinary tract infection. These data suggest that the increased prevalence of elevated Proteus OX-19 antibody levels makes a single high titer unreliable in the diagnosis of Rocky Mountain spotted fever and that naturally acquired mild or asymptomatic subclinical cases of Rickettsia rickttsii infection occur. PMID- 6798860 TI - The management of intestinal fistulas. PMID- 6798861 TI - Feline mucopolysaccharidosis VI: purification and characterization of the resident arylsulfatase B activity. AB - Hepatic arylsulfatase B (ASB) from normal and mucopolysaccharidosis VI (MPS VI) cats was purified over 2,800- and 1,800-fold, respectively, and their physical and kinetic properties were characterized. In contrast to the normal feline enzyme, the partially purified MPS VI residual activity had a 100-fold greater Km value and was markedly less stable to thermal, cryo-, and pH-inactivation. In addition, the MPS VI enzyme had a more negative charge as determined by its migration on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and its elution profile on cation exchange chromatography. Finally, the MPS VI activity had approximately half the apparent molecular weight of the normal feline enzyme, which was a homodimer, suggesting that the genetic mutation in feline MPS VI altered the subunit association as well as the kinetic and stability properties of the mutant protein. PMID- 6798862 TI - Growth of bacteria and fungi in parenteral nutrition solutions containing albumin. AB - The ability of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solutions containing albumin to support bacterial and fungal growth was studied. The following solutions were tested for microbial growth: (A) thioglycolate broth, (B) solution A with preservatives, (C) albumin 6.25 g in 500 ml 0.9% sodium chloride injections, (D) solution C with preservatives, (E) amino acid and dextrose TPN solution with magnesium sulfate and folic acid, (F) solution E with albumin 6.25 g in 500 ml, (G) amino acid and dextrose TPN solution with calcium gluconate and multivitamins, and (H) solution G with albumin 6.25 g in 500 ml. Each solution was inoculated with 1 X 10(5) bacteria/ml or 1 X 10(3) yeast/ml in 12 serial dilutions using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) plates. These were incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, and cultures were visually rated on a scale of 0 (no growth) to 4 (maximal growth). Each culture was repeated for a total of 10 samples. Microbial growth was not affected by the low concentrations of preservatives available from the TPN additives. Undiluted TPN solutions were able to sustain fungal growth only. There was a significant increase in microbial growth in diluted TPN solutions containing albumin for S. aureus, C. albicans, T. glabrata, K. brier, S. marcescans, and E. coli. The presence of vitamins (solution G) impaired the ability of gram-negative bacteria to proliferate, and the addition of albumin (solution H) had no significant effect on the growth characteristics of the organisms in the solution. The presence of albumin had no effect on the growth of S. faecalis or Ps. aeruginosa. The addition of albumin to crystalline amino acid TPN solutions increases the potential of these solutions to support the growth of fungi and bacteria. Hence, it is recommended that albumin be administered separate from amino acid TPN solutions. PMID- 6798863 TI - Comparison of an immunoassay and a microbiological assay for tobramycin serum concentrations. AB - An enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) and a microbiological assay were compared as methods for determining the concentration of tobramycin in human serum. Tobramycin sulfate in various concentrations (0.4-20.0 microgram/ml) was dissolved in lyophilized human serum. Tobramycin concentration was determined by EMIT assay and a microbiological agar diffusion assay using Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 as the test organism. Serum samples of 162 patients who received tobramycin 60 mg i.m. were also assayed by the two methods. The effect of six antibiotics on the determination of tobramycin concentration by EMIT assay was measured. To test whether freezing affects tobramycin concentration measured by EMIT assay, tobramycin in five concentrations in lyophilized human serum were frozen and analyzed at weekly intervals for seven weeks. The concentration of tobramycin determined by EMIT assay and microbiological assay in both lyophilized human serum and patient samples were highly correlated (r = 0.994 and 0.949) respectively). Dibekacin, an aminoglycoside structurally similar to tobramycin, interfered with the determination of tobramycin concentration. No effect of freezing was observed. The results of this study show that EMIT assay is an acceptable method for routine laboratory analysis of tobramycin serum concentration. It is as accurate as the microbiological assay tested. PMID- 6798864 TI - Daily digoxin administration in parenteral nutrition solution. PMID- 6798865 TI - Effect of freezing and microwave thawing on the stability of six antibiotic admixtures in plastic bags. AB - The stability of six antibiotics in intravenous fluids in polyvinyl chloride containers after freezing and microwave-thawing is reported. Tobramycin sulfate 160 mg, amikacin sulfate 1 g, ticarcillin disodium 3 g, clindamycin phosphate 300 mg, nafcillin sodium 1 g, and ampicillin sodium was also diluted in plastic bags of 0.9% sodium chloride injection 50 ml. For each antibiotic except ampicillin sodium, three bags were prepared and assayed immediately for antibiotic content. Two of the bags were frozen at -20 degrees C for 30 days and then thawed, one by exposure to room-temperature air and the other by microwave radiation. Each was assayed immediately and after 8 and 24 hours storage at room temperature. The third bag was not frozen, but was stored at room temperature and assayed at 8 and 24 hours. Five bags of ampicillin sodium were prepared-three in 0.9% sodium chloride, which were frozen at -20, -30, and -70 degrees C, and two in 5% dextrose, which were frozen at -30 and -70 degrees C. All ampicillin solutions were stored 30 days, assayed, microwave-thawed, and assayed again. All antibiotics except ampicillin retained 90% or more potency when microwave-thawed after storage at -20 degrees C for 30 days, and after subsequent storage at room temperature for 24 hours. Ampicillin sodium was stable in 0.9% sodium chloride when stored at -30 or -70 degrees C, microwave-thawed, and stored up to eight hours at room temperature. Ampicillin sodium was stable in 5% dextrose when stored at -70 degrees C and microwaved-thawed, but its potency declined to 70.5% after eight hours storage at room temperature. PMID- 6798866 TI - Central venous catheter occlusion caused by body-heat-mediated calcium phosphate precipitation. PMID- 6798867 TI - Administration set suitable for use with intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6798868 TI - Calcium and phosphorus compatibility in parental nutrition solutions for neonates. AB - Factors affecting calcium-phosphate solubility in parenteral nutrition solutions used in neonates were studied. Six neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions were prepared using either Aminosyn or FreAmine III and various amino acid and dextrose concentrations. Phosphorus (as mono- and dibasic potassium phosphate) and calcium (as 10% calcium gluconate) were added in concentrations of calcium 2.5-100 meq/liter and phosphorus 2.5-100 mmol/liter. Duplicate samples were prepared and analyzed either after they were heated in a water bath (37 degrees C) for 20 minutes or after 18 hours at 25 degrees C followed by 30 minutes in a water bath (37 degrees C). Precipitation was detected visually and spectrophotometrically, and pH was measured. Lipid emulsion was added to two Fre Amine III solutions in a ratio of 7.5:1 (parenteral nutrition solution:lipid) and the resulting pH was measured. Time and temperature affected calcium-phosphate solubility in all solutions tested. Precipitation curves of amount of calcium versus amount of phosphate added were prepared for each solution. Amino acid and dextrose concentrations affected the pH of the solutions, and when a lipid emulsion was added, the pH rose more in the 1% than in the 2% FreAmine III solution. In selected solutions, as much as 120 mg/kg/day calcium and 55 mg/kg/day phosphate can be administered, approximating daily third-trimester accumulation of these minerals. Use of the precipitation curves in this paper, with attention to their limitations, should aid in the safe delivery of calcium and phosphorus intravenously to neonates. PMID- 6798869 TI - Hypothalamic dysfunction in a case of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (shy Drager Syndrome). AB - Growth Hormone (GH) secretion was studied in a 61-year-old woman with idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH) or Shy-Drager Syndrome. The 24-hour pattern of GH secretion showed multiple daytime peaks and little nighttime activity. The largest daytime peak of 35.0 ng/ml is much greater than the levels observed in seven studies using five age-matched normal women. There were few secretory episodes during sleep in the patient and the control subjects. Paradoxical GH responses occurred during oral glucose tolerance tests, despite high blood glucose. GH was also detected in three studies using TRH. These data suggest that our patient with IOH has abnormal regulation of GH secretion. This is a sign of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in a diffuse neurological disease. PMID- 6798870 TI - Thyroid function in the elderly. AB - Thyroid dysfunction is common in older individuals, yet the diagnosis is often complicated by atypical clinical presentations and difficulty in interpretation of laboratory tests. An understanding of the alterations in thyroid function occurring normally as a consequence of the aging process is necessary for correct laboratory diagnosis of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. There are subtle alterations in hypothalamic and pituitary function but normal feedback control of TSH secretion persists. In the thyroid itself, morphologic changes develop with age, but have little impact on thyroid hormone economy. Thyroidal secretion of thyroxine decreases, but parallels the decrease in thyroxine degradation rate, resulting in unaltered plasma thyroxine levels. Decreased peripheral conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine causes a fall in triiodothyronine concentrations. Nonthyroidal illnesses in the elderly may perturb the laboratory assessment of thyroid function by producing isolated high or low thyroxine levels in euthyroid individuals. PMID- 6798871 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6798872 TI - The double-lumen Hickman catheter. PMID- 6798873 TI - Administration of fat emulsions. PMID- 6798874 TI - Endocrine response and ovum transport in women treated with D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the postovulatory period. AB - Possible alterations in ovum transport during increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis were investigated in women. D-Trp6 luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone, a synthetic peptide with potent gonadotropin-releasing activity, was used to induce a gonadotropin surge and stimulate ovarian steroid secretion in the postovulatory phase. The compound was administered intramuscularly or intravenously 24, 48, or 72 hours following the maximum preovulatory LH level in plasma in seven women. An immediate and pronounced gonadotropin surge accompanied by a moderate increase in the estradiol and progesterone level was obtained in all cases. Ova were recovered from the fallopian tubes in four of the seven women 24 hours following treatment. The rate of recovery and the location of ova within the genital tract indicate that the treatment and the resulting endocrine changes failed to accelerate migration of the ova toward the uterus. This observation, taken together with other negative findings previously reported, suggests that in comparison with other mammals transport of the ovum in the woman is relatively insensitive to endocrine changes occurring in the postovulatory phase. PMID- 6798876 TI - Neural control of intraocular pressure. AB - Efferent and afferent pathways by which the central nervous system (CNS) may control intraocular pressure (IOP) are considered. As experience with pharmaceutical agents has suggested, the targets for autonomic influence on ocular tension are both aqueous formation and resistance to outflow. The afferent input to the brain must be served by sensory fibers which are sensitive to intraocular pressure levels or which respond to changes in intraocular pressure. The location and physiology of such receptors is discussed. PMID- 6798875 TI - Maternal smoking causes fetal hypoxia: experimental evidence. AB - Cigarette smoking during pregnancy has been related to poor perinatal outcome. To investigate the changes in maternal and fetal arterial blood gases associated with smoking, five chronically catheterized pregnant rhesus monkeys were exposed to standard cigarette smoking (N = 5) and nicotine-free herbal cigarette smoke (N = 3). The only consistently reproducible and significant finding was a drop in fetal PO2. The timing of the decline in PO2 and the similar responses to standard and nicotine-free cigarette smoke make carboxyhemoglobin the most likely causative factor. PMID- 6798877 TI - Chlamydial genital tract infections. Experimental infection of the primate genital tract with Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 6798878 TI - Hyperosmotic solutions and hearing Meniere's disease. AB - Hearing was studied in nineteen patients with Meniere's disease before and after administration of three different hyperosmolar solutions-glycerol, ethanol, and Mannitol. Ethanol and Mannitol were found to be much less effective than glycerol in producing hearing gain. Alternative mechanisms underlying the observed differences are discussed. PMID- 6798879 TI - Patterns of growth and malnutrition among preschoolers in Belize. AB - An anthropometric survey of 750 preschoolers was conducted 1979 in Belize to assess nutritional status in two districts, one coastal and the other inland. Mothers were interviewed concerning reproductive history, child's health and dietary history, and associated factors. Analysis included the recognition of low arm circumference, weight-for-age, stature-for-age, and weight-for-stature. Survey results indicate that about 25% of the children, birth to 5 years old, show evidence of stunting, while 2.5% show evidence of wasting. Comparisons of rates of malnutrition by ethnic group reveal the Maya and Garifuna (Black Carib) children are significantly more commonly malnourished than others. Applying a discriminant function to groups of children designated as "poor" and "better-than average" growth classes reveals several factors which may be contributory to the etiology of preschool malnutrition in Belize. the frequency of diarrhea and age at introduction to sold foods, are significantly related to growth retardation among preschoolers. Analysis of 24-hour-diet recalls corroborates the patterning of malnutrition among the ethnic groups. PMID- 6798880 TI - Humeral outlines in some hominoid primates and in plio-pleistocene hominids. AB - A method of drawing outlines of the distal end of the humerus is presented and carried out on some pongids (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Pongo pygmaeus), on modern man, and on some casts of Plio-Pleistocene hominids. It appears that these outlines are good indicators of the overall morphology and permit the distinguishing of the different hominoids. For example, the morphology of the pillars surrounding the fossa olecrani is useful for this purpose. In modern man, the lateral pillar is quadrangular, contrasting with the triangular medial one. In pongids, both of them are triangular; however, it is possible to note differences between Pongo and Pan. In the South Asian ape, there is a stronger anteroposterior flattening of the pillars as well as the diaphysis. The similarity of the shape of the pillars might be considered as a result of an adaptation to suspension. The differences might be due to different weights of the animals. Plio-Pleistocene hominids are variable with regard to the morphology of this region. For example, Gombore IB 7594 is similar to Homo. KNMER 739 exhibits features intermediate between hominids and pongids. Finally, AL 288.1M is closer to pongids. These results confirm a previous anatomical work. PMID- 6798881 TI - Ontogeny of sex differences in LH and FSH levels 48 h after castration in the rat. AB - Serum gonadotropin levels were measured 12, 24, and 48 h after gonadectomy in male and female rats (ages, 22--60 days) to assess when during development the rate of rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after castration approximates that seen in the gonadectomized adult. In females serum LH levels 48 h after ovariectomy were increased above sham levels only when the ovaries were removed prior to vaginal opening. Ovariectomy on the day of vaginal opening or at older ages resulted in no increase in LH levels by 48 h after surgery. Serum FSH levels at 24 and 48 h after ovariectomy declined with increasing age at the time of ovariectomy. In males serum LH levels at 48 h after castration increased with increasing age at the time of gonadectomy. Serum FSH levels at either 12, 24, or 48 h after orchidectomy did not change appreciably with age at the time of surgery. It is concluded that the acute pituitary secretion of gonadotropins after removal of testes in the immature male resembles that seen in the mature male early in the course of the development of sexual maturity. In contrast, the acute pituitary secretion of gonadotropins after removal of the ovaries in the immature female does not resemble that seen in the ovariectomized adult until she is mature and capable of ovulating. Thus, the observed delay in the rise of LH seen in ovariectomized adults may be a function of some aspect of the hormonal changes associated with the estrous cycle. PMID- 6798882 TI - pH and PCO2 profiles of the rat inner medullary collecting duct. AB - To directly characterize acidification by the collecting duct, we developed pH and PCO2 microelectrodes suitable for microcatheterization of the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). In saline-infused control rats apparent in situ pH fell significantly along the IMCD, from 5.95 at 60% length to 5.49 at the papilla tip. Luminal PCO2 averaged 34 +/- 1 mmHg and PD averaged +3 mV. In rats acutely infused with 0.1 N HCl, apparent in situ pH also decreased significantly from 5.56 to 5.28, PD averaged +2 mV, and luminal PCO2 31 +/- 1 mmHg. The luminal PCO2 of HCl-infused rats was significantly less than controls and both levels were significantly below arterial PCO2. Corroborating the in situ pH profiles, equilibrium pH measured on collected IMCD samples also decreased significantly with percent length. In samples measured in situ and at equilibrium, a small but significant acid disequilibrium pH ws seen in both groups. We interpret these results to indicate that the IMCD actively participates in distal acidification. It is proposed that acidification by the IMCD is predominantly mediated by hydrogen ion secretion which simultaneously acidifies luminal fluid and generates a cellular sink for CO2, thereby inducing an acid disequilibrium pH by two mechanisms. PMID- 6798883 TI - Monocrotaline also causes medial hypertrophy of pulmonary veins. PMID- 6798885 TI - Maprotiline hydrochloride and convulsions: a case report. PMID- 6798884 TI - Variability of hormonal responses to a series of neuroendocrine challenges in depressed patients. AB - Abnormalities of hormonal responses to a number of neuroendocrine challenges have been reported in depressed patients. The authors used a series of four neuroendocrine challenges-thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation, insulin tolerance test (ITT), and overnight dexamethasone suppression test (DST)-and examined eight hormonal responses in 24 healthy subjects and 26 patients with primary unipolar affective disorder. Seven control subjects (29.2%) and 25 depressed patients (96.2%) had at least one abnormal response, and 15 depressed patients (57.7%) had two or mor abnormal responses. These findings suggest that depressed patients show variability in hormonal response across a number of neuroendocrine axes. No consistent patterns of abnormality of hormonal response were observed. PMID- 6798886 TI - Therapeutic use of the tricyclic-induced switch in bipolar manic-depression. PMID- 6798887 TI - Lithium ratio and hypertension in manic-depressive patients. PMID- 6798888 TI - Prevalence of slow heart rates in chronic Chagas' disease. AB - The prevalence of slow heart rate was investigated among 222 patients with Chagas' disease, 50 normal subjects, and 55 patients with non-chagasic heart failure. In any decade of life the basal heart rate of patients with chagasic heart failure was always significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the basal heart rate of non-chagasic heart failure patients, and also lower than the basal heart rate of normal subjects. There were no significant differences between chagasic patients without heart failure and normal subjects. It is concluded that patients with heart failure of chagasic etiology show slow heart rates. PMID- 6798889 TI - Cross-reactivity between Trypanosoma cruzi and insect trypanosomatids as a basis for the diagnosos of Chagas' disease. AB - Immunological cross-reactivity between Trypanosoma cruzi and insect trypanosomatids was demonstrated by immunofluorescence and confirmed by complement fixation, direct agglutination and cross-absorption experiments. As antigens, the following organisms were surveyed: Crithidia deanei, Crithidia fasciculata, Crithidia luciliae, Herpetomonas samuelpessoai, Herpetomonas megaseliae, Herpetomonas muscarum muscarum, Leptomonas seymouri and Blastocrithidia culicis. Sera from patients with Chagas' disease or sera from rabbits immunized against various trypanosomatids were used as sources of antibodies. The demonstration of cross-reactivity was followed by a survey of 500 human sera (from normal persons or Chagas' disease patients) by immunofluorescence using insect trypanosomatids (H. muscarum muscarum, C. fasciculata and L. seymouri) as antigens. With H. muscarum muscarum 98.7% coincident positive results and 100% of coincident negative results were obtained. These findings may validate the use of insect trypanosomatids as an alternative source of antigen in the serodiagnosis of Chagas' disease by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 6798890 TI - Detection of circulating antigens in onchocerciasis. AB - This report describes the presence of circulating Onchocerca volvulus antigens (COA) in sera of patients with onchocerciasis. By using a double diffusion immunoelectrophoresis method, COA could be detected in 24 of 77 sera analyzed (31%). In contrast, when more sensitive assays such as the radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay or sandwich radioimmunoassay were used to detect COA, about 75% of the sera from O. volvulus-infected patients were found positive; moreover, a highly significant correlation between the two assays was observed. The parasite specificity of the COA was demonstrated directly by identity reaction with a component of O. volvulus somatic antigens. COA was never found when hyperimmune antisera against other parasite antigenic extracts were used instead of anti-O. volvulus hyperimmune serum. However, when anti-O, volvulus hyperimmune serum was used against sera obtained from patients infected with various other helminths we found a cross-reactivity between COA and the circulating antigens of other human filarids (Wuchereria bancrofti, Loa loa, Brugia malayi), but not with other nematode or trematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica). Further immunoelectrophoretic studies demonstrated one precipitin are localized in the cathodic region which seemed specific for COA, which raises the possibility of preparing a monospecific hyperimmune serum to circumvent cross-reactivities. PMID- 6798891 TI - [Regional hemodynamics and gas exchange in the lungs of healthy women during physiological pregnancy]. PMID- 6798893 TI - Dependence of diffusion coefficients and immunoprecipitating titers on pH: human serum transferrin, immunoglobulin A, human chorionic somatomammotropin, and their rabbit antibodies. PMID- 6798892 TI - Anticonvulsant drugs used in the treatment of lancinating pain. A comparison. AB - The value of anticonvulsant drugs in the treatment of some cases of lancinating pain is now established. The results in 170 consecutive cases in an ongoing series are reported with special reference to the efficacy of four anticonvulsants--carbamazepine, clonazepam, phenytoin and valproate. The findings are discussed. PMID- 6798894 TI - Microradioisotopic assay for indoleamine N-methyltransferase and analysis of products by liquid chromatography. PMID- 6798895 TI - Improved automated solid-phase microsequencing of peptides using DABITC. PMID- 6798896 TI - Gas embolism associated with use of lasers for urethral surgery. PMID- 6798897 TI - [Elimination of CO2 by the membrane oxygenator during insufflation of O2 into the lungs in long-term apnea]. PMID- 6798900 TI - Immunotherapy with glutaraldehyde treated tyrosine adsorbed grass pollen in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. PMID- 6798901 TI - Cromolyn in conditions other than asthma. PMID- 6798898 TI - [Use of capnography for the evaluation of the lesser respiratory pathway function]. PMID- 6798899 TI - [Hazards and complications of infusion therapy]. PMID- 6798902 TI - Sodium cromoglycate and provocation tests in chronic urticaria. AB - Twenty patients with chronic urticaria exacerbated by aspirin or tartrazine were challenged with the offending substance after pre-treatment with either oral sodium cromoglycate or placebo in a double-blind, crossover study. The sequential vascular response test (SVR) described by Fisherman and Cohen 1-4 was used to assess response to challenge. Eighteen patients were protected by oral sodium cromoglycate and one by placebo, taking as a positive response an increase in the bleeding time of 100% or more over control values. PMID- 6798903 TI - The immediate effect of sodium cromoglycate on the airway. AB - The authors compared the bronchodilator effect of nebulized solutions of sodium cromoglycate (SCG), salbutamol, and saline (placebo) in 10 asthmatic children, measuring peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced expiratory flow from 25% to 75% of the forced vital capacity (FEF25%-75%) before and every five minutes to a maximum of 20 minutes after each aerosol. SCG produced significant bronchodilation compared with saline as measured by PEF. This effect was not seen with FEV1 or FEF25%-75%. Salbutamol had a more immediate effect and produced a greater degree of bronchodilation than SCG. When an immediate bronchodilator effect is required SCG is not recommended. PMID- 6798904 TI - Effects of segmental subarachnoid analgesia on arterial blood pressure, gas tensions, and pH in adult conscious cows. AB - Arterial blood pressure, blood gas tensions (PaCO2, PaO2), and pH (pHa) were determined in 16 adult, nonpregnant Holstein cows (620 +/- 54 kg) given subarachnoid injection of a 5% procaine hydrochloride solution at the T13-L1 intervertebral space. Analgesia, as determined by response to superficial and deep muscular pinpricks at the L1 dermatome, was delayed (onset) 7 to 15 minutes, and it lasted (duration) 28 to 83 minutes. Thoracolumbar analgesia extending between spinal cord segments T9 and L4 on 1 or both sides of the spine produced significant (P less than 0.05) increases in heart rate and decreases in respiratory rate, but otherwise had no effect (P less than 0.05) on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures, PaCO2, PaO2, and pHa. Similarly, no significant changes (P less than 0.05) of physiologic variables were observed in a control group of 5 cows given a subarachnoidal injection of 0.9% sodium chloride solution at 1 hour before procaine hydrochloride was injected. It was concluded that the unsedated, healthy cow tolerates segmental subarachnoid analgesia between spinal segments T9 and L4 well and that this analgesia is not adversely affected by hypoxemia, respiratory acidosis, or hypotension. PMID- 6798906 TI - Arterial and venous blood gas tensions in clinically healthy cats. PMID- 6798905 TI - Esophageal healing in the pony: comparison of sutured vs nonsutured esophagotomy. AB - Esophageal healing was evaluated in 10 ponies after sutured and nonsutured cervical esophagotomy techniques. Mucosal healing occurred significantly (P less than 0.005) faster after sutured esophagotomies (x = 7.5 days after surgery) than after nonsutured esophagotomies (x = 25.6 days after surgery), based on endoscopic and clinical evaluations. Although endoscopy was an accurate assessment of the return of normal passage of a food bolus through the esophagus, 4 of 10 ponies had radiographic evidence of a sinus tract after the mucosa was considered healed, based on endoscopic and clinical examinations. The surgical skin wound also healed significantly sooner after sutured esophagotomies (x = 10 days) than after nonsutured esophagotomies (x = 33.4 days). A traction diverticulum developed in all ponies with nonsutured esophagotomies, but occurred in only 1 pony with sutured esophagotomy. Minor complications were seen more frequently with sutured esophagotomy than with a nonsutured esophagotomy, but were resolved with local therapy. Saliva appeared to inhibit wound healing. All ponies were fed through esophagostomy tubes until the mucosa at the esophagotomy site was considered healed. Except for 1 sutured esophagotomy that dehisced, sutured esophagotomy was superior to nonsutured esophagotomy, because earlier establishment of a mucosal seal resulted in more rapid healing and reduced nursing care. PMID- 6798907 TI - [Infections by group D streptococci (author's transl)]. AB - A study of the pediatric infections due to group D streptococci, based on the causist of the Pediatric Department of the School of Medicine at Barcelona is performed. It comprises 20 cases of newborn sepsis (one of them with meningitis), and nine urinary infections in children of several ages. The isolated straws, that pertained all to "enterococcus", revealed greatest sensibility in decreasing order to ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, furantoin and gentamicin. In neonatal sepsis the beginning was precocious in 50% of the cases, the frequency of newborns with low birth weight was high (35%), and the course was favourable in 95%; the only case that died was affected of meningitis with pyocephalia. Urinary infections prevailed in the first year of life (44%), but all the affected were older than a month of life. There were characterized by little accused symptomatology, and quickly favourable course of the infection, through adequate antibiotic treatment. Nevertheless, the long term prognosis is darkened by severe renal and urinary malformations that were appreciated in 55% of the patients. PMID- 6798909 TI - Comparison of human and animal Ureaplasmas by one- and two-dimensional protein analysis on polyacrylamide slab gel. AB - The proteins of twelve serologically distinct ureaplasma strains of human origin, eleven of bovine origin and seven from other animal species were examined by one dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by two-dimensional analysis. About 40 bands were seen in the protein profiles and more than 100 spots were detected on the protein maps. The human ureaplasmas differentiated into two distinct groups: group A comprised serotypes 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8 (of Black), serotype 9 (of Robertson and Stemke) and strains K2 and U24 (of Lin and Kass); group B comprised serotypes 1, 3 and 6 (of Black) and strain U26 (of Lin and Kass). The bovine strains were subdivided into three groups: group A was formed by a cluster of related strains (Mmb167, Bu2, A417, T45, T95 and T288) which could be further divided into three sub-groups; group B comprised strains T74 and T44 and group C, strains T315, T71 and D48. These findings were consistent with the known serological clusterings. The bovine ureaplasma strains were distinct from the human strains. This, in addition to the known difference in the G + C content of human and bovine ureaplasmas, indicates that it would be reasonable to formulate a species name for the latter. Ureaplasmas from other animal species could be allotted to five groups which corresponded to the animal species of origin. The marmoset ureaplasmas were different from those of the squirrel monkey, and both were different from all other ureaplasmas. On the other hand, the ureaplasmas from the talapoin monkey, chicken and chimpanzee formed a cluster which seemed related to human ureaplasmas of group A, the chimpanzee ureaplasma being the most closely related. PMID- 6798908 TI - [Prophylaxis and treatment of streptococcus infections (author's transl)]. AB - Authors review and bring up to date problems related to prophylaxis and treatment of streptococcus infections in children. In those caused by the Group A streptococcus, the problem is rather one of medical education and practical application of techniques, and medicines. Active vaccination is still a remote possibility. In the case of streptococcus B and its perinatological incidence, there is still no standard therapeutic prophylaxis covering both the mother and child. With reference to streptococcus D plans proposed are somewhat discordant since it is difficult to carry out studies with sufficiently large groups but there are also proposals which can be carried out perfectly well and are reasonably safe. As far as the infectious, and to a great extent contagious, processes are concerned, measures of individual and collective hygiene are particularly important. PMID- 6798910 TI - [Ticarcillin activity in immunodepressed mice infected with "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (author's transl)]. AB - Ticarcillin (TCL) activity was studied in vivo in mice immunodepressed by either cyclophosphamide (CY) or methylprednisolone (Mpd). Each type of immunodepression was evaluated by polymorphonuclear enumeration and carbon black blood clearance. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 3 LD50 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and then 1,000 or 1,600 mg/kg of TCL was given by subcutaneous route. Mice were treated after 15 min and 3, 18, 24 and 36 h following infection. With 1,000 mg/kg of TCL, non-immunodepressed mice were cured. Mpd-treated mice were cured by 1,600 mg/kg of TCL, while CY-treated mice were not cured by the same dose of TCL. PMID- 6798911 TI - [Microbial growth synchronization by immobilization onto solid carriers (author's transl)]. AB - Immobilization of Saccharomyces uvarum onto solid carriers modifies their growth. When adsorbed onto glass or brick beads, synchronous yeast cycles and reduced generation times can be observed. The same phenomena take place when the cells are bound to the glass by glutaraldehyde. Synchronization of growth is also obtained with Schizosaccharomyces pombe amd Bacillus megaterium. These modifications do not result from an immobilization of cells in a particular state or from an interaction before linking. PMID- 6798913 TI - [Fabry's disease, lymphedema and ulcero-mutilating acropathy - a case]. PMID- 6798914 TI - [Transcutaneous monitoring of blood gas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798915 TI - [Value of a new solution of pure crystallized amino acids used in infants for parenteral nutrition through a central intravenous catheter (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798912 TI - Development of the hypotympanum in the human fetus and neonate. AB - The human hypotympanum develops over a 10-week period in utero (22-32 weeks) as a triphasic osseous mosaic. The tympanic bone ossifies as a membranous bone (8-36 weeks in utero). The canalicular otic capsule ossifies in cartilage by 26 weeks in utero. A petrosal ledge of bone ossifies as periosteal bone at 24-29 weeks in utero. The fusion of these three bony structures closes the hypotympanum and forms two persistent hypotympanic fissures. The medial hypotympanic fissure forms between the canalicular otic capsule and petrosa at 24 weeks in utero. It transmits the medial hypotympanic artery and vein (from the posterior CNS circulation) and Jacobson's nerve (from the ninth nerve). The lateral hypotympanum fissure forms between the tympanic bone and the petrosa at 29 weeks in utero. It transmits the lateral hypotympanic artery and vein from the external carotid circulation. The two vascular supplies form a rich hypotympanic plexus on the floor of the middle ear. The fibrous annulus and middle layer of the tympanic membrane form an avascular plane. PMID- 6798916 TI - [Endoluminal duodenal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798917 TI - [Bilateral pedicular cleft in a patient with neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6798918 TI - Paranuclear microfilaments in multiple myeloma associated with the presence of free light chains. AB - Two cases of multiple myeloma are reported showing striking arrays of paranuclear microfilaments confirming a previous single case report done on autopsy material. Both cases showed free light chains in the urine. In one case, free light chains were in the serum, and there was some evidence of polymer formation. Although this suggests that the microfilaments are polymerized light chains, amyloid strains were negative. Whatever their origin, the structures are clearly abnormal and may serve as a neoplastic marker. PMID- 6798919 TI - Immunoglobulin light chain staining of lymph node biopsies: an interlaboratory comparison. AB - In recent years, the demonstration of cell surface or cytoplasmic monoclonal immunoglobulin kappa or lambda light chains in lymphoid tissues has been considered evidence of their B-cell origin. In an effort to evaluate the reproducibility of results among various laboratories performing immunoperoxidase immunostaining of lymph node specimens, 12 lymph node biopsies were similarly fixed and processed, and serial sections submitted to four laboratories for staining by the unlabelled antibody (peroxidase-antiperoxidase conjugate) technique. Seven of these were malignant lymphomas four were negative, and one was metastatic carcinoma. Participants were not told the diagnosis and were asked to evaluate each specimen for the presence of monoclonal light chain staining. While the overall agreement in results were good, one of four laboratories differed from the other three in four out of the 12 cases. The significance of this finding and its implications are discussed. PMID- 6798920 TI - Subgroup studies of black admixture within a mixed population of Bahia, Brazil. PMID- 6798921 TI - [Nisin adsorption on substrate particles and the elaboration of the antibiotic extraction method]. PMID- 6798922 TI - [Conditions for nisin adsorption by Streptococcus lactis cells]. AB - Some conditions for absorption of nisin, a polypeptide antibiotic by the cells of Str. lactis were studied. The amounts of nisin adsorbed by the cells depended on the culture age: at the late stationary phase the adsorption level was 2 times higher than that at the logarithmic phase. The cells grown on a "poor" medium adsorbed 85-90 per cent of nisin added to the solution, while the cells grown on the "rich" medium adsorbed 50 per cent of the antibiotic. The adsorption level of nisin by the cells subjected to a thermal shock was higher than that by the live cells. Desorption of nisin from the cells with acid ethanol and bivalent cation solutions was insignificant. Nisin is adsorbed by the cells of other microorganisms, the adsorption levels by the cells of Bac. brevis being the same as those by the streptococcal cells, while the levels adsorbed by Bac. polymyxa being 4 times lower. PMID- 6798923 TI - [Bacteriocin properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus]. AB - Bacteriocins produced by L. acidophilus were studied with respect to the character and size of the growth inhibition zones, diffusion across cellophane, sensitivity to proteases, nucleases and lysozyme, thermostability, capacity of adsorption by the indicator strains and effect on Lactobacillus. By the differences in the properties and action on various species of Lactobacillus the bacteriocins were classified as belonging to 12 types of L. acidophilus. PMID- 6798924 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea with rosoxacin. AB - In a randomized, double-blind, dose-ranging study, single oral doses of rosoxacin were used to treat 126 patients with uncomplicated genital or anorectal gonorrhea. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was eradicated from 5 (28%) of 18 men treated with 100 mg, compared with 101 (94%) of 108 men and women treated with 200 mg, 300 mg, or 400 mg (P less than 0.001). Susceptibility to rosoxacin was determined for 6 pretreatment gonococcal isolates from these patients and for 194 stored clinical isolates; 296 (98.7%) of these 300 isolates, including 10 strains of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhaeae, required a minimal inhibitory concentration of less than or equal to 0.062 microgram/ml. Urethral or cervical infection with Chlamydia trachomatis coexisted with gonococcal infection in 14 (22%) of 63 patients and persisted in 7 of 10 patients treated with rosoxacin. Postgonococcal urethritis developed in 11 (34%) of 32 men who were monitored for 12 to 30 days. Sixty-four subjects (51%) developed transient dizziness, drowsiness, altered visual perceptions, or other symptoms suggestive of central nervous system dysfunction after treatment with rosoxacin, but these symptoms were not clearly dose related. Rosoxacin in doses of greater than or equal to 200 mg appears to be effective for single-dose treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, but further studies of its possible central nervous system toxicity are indicated. PMID- 6798926 TI - Superior activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin against gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - N-Formimidoyl thienamycin (N-F-thienamycin), cefotaxime, moxalactam, and cefsulodin were tested by agar dilution against 125 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Providencia stuartii. Against gentamicin-susceptible P. aeruginosa, N-F-thienamycin and cefsulodin were most active. Only N-F-thienamycin inhibited gentamicin-resistant P. aeruginosa at less than or equal to 4 microgram/ml. N-F-thienamycin's activity equaled or surpassed that of the other antibiotics tested against both the gentamicin susceptible and -resistant Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6798927 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on in vitro susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to erythromycin. AB - The activity of erythromycin against 317 strains of anaerobic bacteria, including 133 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, was tested by the agar dilution method in an anaerobic atmosphere with two different concentrations of carbon dioxide and without CO2. The effect of the atmosphere of incubation on the agar surface pH was also determined. All strains grew well in the GasPak (GP) environment. However, 3.5 and 30.3% of strains failed to grow in the 2 and 0% CO2 environments, respectively. The quality of growth was best in the GP environment and poorest in the 0% CO2 environment. Minimal inhibitory concentrations in the GP and 2% CO2 environments were frequently the same or one dilution lower in the 0% than in the GP environment. In the 0% CO2 atmosphere, minimal inhibitory concentrations were usually two to three dilutions lower than in the GP environment. Consequently, only 24% of B. fragilis strains were susceptible to erythromycin in the GP environment, whereas 77% were susceptible in the 0% CO2 environment. For Fusobacterium species, 12% were susceptible to erythromycin in the GP environment, and 73% were susceptible in the 0% CO2 environment. There was a comparable decrease in pH in all three atmospheres tested. In vitro susceptibility testing of erythromycin against anaerobic bacteria should be performed in an atmosphere containing carbon dioxide. PMID- 6798925 TI - Multiple drug resistance in Mycobacterium avium: is the wall architecture responsible for exclusion of antimicrobial agents? AB - Whole cells of Mycobacterium avium, characterized by their negative response in the nine biochemical tests used for mycobacterial identification in our laboratory, turned positive for nitrate reductase, Tween-80 hydrolysis, beta glucosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, penicillinase, and trehalase after their wall portion was removed to yield spheroplasts. This suggested that the negative results in most of the biochemical procedures were caused by the exclusion mechanism at the wall level. Preliminary transmission and scanning electron microscopic studies showed differences at wall level between laboratory maintained opaque, dome-shaped (SmD) and host-recycled smooth, transparent (SmT) colony type variants of M. avium and suggested the presence of an outer regularly structured layer in SmT variants. Comparative ultrastructural studies utilizing different polysaccharide coloration methods confirmed the presence of an outer polysaccharide layer in SmT variants which was probably related to their enhanced pathogenicity for experimental animals and drug resistance as compared to that of SmD variants. These findings are discussed with respect to multiple drug resistance, virulence, and gene expression of M. avium. PMID- 6798928 TI - Antibiotic action of pyocyanin. AB - Biologically produced pyocyanin was purified, and the nature of its antibacterial action was determined for several bacteria. The pigment was shown to be bactericidal for all susceptible organisms. The bactericidal effect was dependent upon pyocyanin concentration and resulted in decreases in viability ranging from 1 to 8 log viable cells ml-1. The gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible as a group to the antibiotic action than were the gram-negative bacteria. All apyocyanogenic pseudomonads tested were totally resistant to the pigment, suggesting that resistance may be a characteristic of the genus. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the producer organism, was also essentially unaffected by high concentrations of pyocyanin. Facultative anaerobes were twofold or more times resistant to the action of the pigment under fermentative conditions; however, the antibiotic action did not require oxygen since denitrifying bacteria were more susceptible during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration. PMID- 6798929 TI - Transfer of nitrogen fixation genes into Pseudomonas putida isolated from Finnish tundra soil. AB - The plasmid pRD1 containing the nif genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae was transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli to Pseudomonas putida isolated from the tundra soil. 6-Cyanopurine, acetylene reduction and immunological tests showed that the nif genes were not expressed in P. putida. Existence of the nif genes in P. putida transconjugants was detected by transferring them to E. coli C600, which does not fix nitrogen. Existence of the nif genes in E. coli C600 transconjugants was detected immunologically and by acetylene reduction tests. PMID- 6798930 TI - Production and properties of cyanobacterial endotoxins. AB - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were isolated from four species of cyanobacteria (Anabaena flos-aquae UTEX 1444. A. cylindrica, Oscillatoria tenuis, and O. brevis) frequently occurring in drinking-water supplies. The cyanobacterial LPS contained glucose, xylose, mannose, and rhamnose, but differed from the LPS derived from most gram-negative bacteria because of the variable presence of 2 keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptose, galactose, and glucosamine. Cyanobacterial lipid A is characterized by long-chain saturated an unsaturated fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids which show great diversity. Unlike lipid A from heterotrophic gram negative bacteria, lipid A from cyanobacteria usually lacks phosphates. The detection of distinct O-antigen chemotypes indicates that LPS may be used for taxonomic classification. Isolated cyanobacterial LPS always induced Limulus amoebocyte lysate gelation. A. flos-aquae LPS gave a positive Schwartzman reaction. Endotoxins from A. cylindrica and O. brevis were toxic to mice when injected intraperitoneally. The cyanobacterial endotoxins showed generally lower biological activity than did LPS derived from common heterotrophic gram-negative bacteria. Nevertheless, cyanobacteria in algal blooms may be a significant source of endotoxins in water supplies. PMID- 6798931 TI - Bacillus subtilis "rec assay" test with isogenic strains. AB - The Bacillus subtilis "rec assay" test, widely used for the detection of DNA damaging agents, was studied in detail, using an isogenic set of strains carrying different mutations in repair or recombination functions or both. recE4 and rec 45 mutations turned out to confer on the cells the highest sensitivity to known mutagens. The recE4 strain and its isogenic rec+ strain have been tested and validated by several rec assay procedures for preferential killing by known DNA damaging agents. The use of purified spores of the tester strains offers advantages for standardization of the assay. PMID- 6798932 TI - Isolation of Methanobrevibacter smithii from human feces. AB - Fecal specimens from nine adults were examined for the presence of methanogenic bacteria. Enrichment cultures of five specimens produced methane in 5 days. Of these five specimens, three were tested and produced methane during a short-term incubation. Four specimens did not produce methane in either short-term incubation or in enrichment culture. Each methanogenic culture contained methanogens similar in morphology to organisms of the genus Methanobrevibacter and showed factor-420 fluorescence by fluorescence microscopy. Pure cultures were obtained from four of the five methanogenic enrichment cultures. Each isolate grew and formed methane from either H2-CO2 or formate, but growth obtained with formate was poor. None of the isolates used acetate, methanol, or trimethylamine. All isolates grew in the presence of bile salts. In immunological studies, each isolate was closely related to the type strain of Methanobrevibacter smithii, a finding consistent with the physiological and morphological similarities between the isolates and the type strain. PMID- 6798933 TI - Drug resistance plasmids in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus reuteri. AB - Sixteen strains of Lactobacillus reuteri and 20 strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus were tested for resistance to 22 antibiotics by using commercially available sensitivity disks. Evidence suggesting linkage of these resistances to plasmids was obtained by "curing" experiments with acridine dyes and high growth temperatures. Examination of plasmid patterns of agarose gel electrophoresis provided further evidence of loss in plasmid DNA under curing conditions in some of the strains examined. PMID- 6798935 TI - [Action of sodium hyaluronate on embryonic chondrogenesis in Pleurodeles (author's transl)]. AB - Sodium hyaluronate, present in large quantities during cellular multiplication and the migration phase, is not found in the extracellular matrix during early chondrocyte differentiation. Microinjections enabled a higher concentration of hyaluronate to be maintained than in normal embryos. This leads to the appearance of anomalies in the cartilage structure; these are always reversible and more or less marked according to the amount of hyaluronate injected and to the timing of the injection. If the injection is made as soon as differentiation takes place, or after it, a decrease of chondroitine-sulfate excretion is observed. As these molecules are responsible for the differentiated state of chondrocytes, hyaluronate appears to be an extracellular substance that regulates chondrogenesis. PMID- 6798934 TI - Isolation and characterization of new strains of cholesterol-reducing bacteria from baboons. AB - We isolated and characterized nine new strains of cholesterol-reducing bacteria from feces and intestinal contents of baboons. Cholesterol-brain agar was used for the primary isolation, and subsequent biochemical tests were done in a lecithin-cholesterol broth containing plasmenylethanolamine and various substrates. All strains had similar colony and cell morphology, hydrolyzed the beta-glucosides esculin and amygdalin, metabolized pyruvate, and produced acetate and acetoin. Unlike previously reported strains, the nine new strains did not require cholesterol and an alkenyl ether lipid (e.g., plasmalogen) for growth; however, only two strains reduced cholesterol in the absence of the plasmalogen. These two strains also produced succinate as an end product. Carbohydrate fermentation was variable; some strains produced weak acid (pH 5.5 to 6.0) from only a few carbohydrates, whereas other strains produced strong acid reactions (pH less than or equal to 5.5) from a wide variety of carbohydrates. PMID- 6798936 TI - Purification and properties of calf liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. PMID- 6798938 TI - Destruction of highly purified cytochromes P-450 associated with metabolism of fluorinated ether anesthetics. PMID- 6798937 TI - Specific cleavage of glucosephosphate isomerases at cysteinyl residues using 2 nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid: analyses of peptides eluted from polyacrylamide gels and localization of active site histidyl and lysyl residues. PMID- 6798939 TI - Spectroscopic and kinetic evidence for a cyclic geminal diamine intermediate in the reaction of O-aminoserine with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in alkali. PMID- 6798940 TI - Modulation of parathyroid hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase and arginine vasopressin-sensitive adenylate cyclase by calcium and GTP. PMID- 6798941 TI - Regulation of the mitochondrial adenine nucleotide pool size. PMID- 6798942 TI - Purification and properties of a lectin from the seeds of Croton tiglium with hemolytic activity toward rabbit red cells. PMID- 6798944 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid in the rat after multiple doses]. PMID- 6798943 TI - Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in steroidgenic tissue of gonads and adrenals in Japanese quail. AB - Female quail exhibited a high uptake of PCB in the yolk of growing follicles, in the thecal gland cells and the medullary interstitial tissue of the ovary and in the postovulatory and atretic follicles. Uptake in the shell gland was low. An elimination study of four days indicated that the major part of PCB is excreted via the eggs. Male quails showed a very low uptake of PCB in the testes and no accumulation was in the interstitium. The uptake in the fat, liver, and adrenals was similar to that in the females. PMID- 6798946 TI - [Proceedings of the scientific session of the Italian Society of Microbiology, Pisa, 8-9 December 1979]. PMID- 6798945 TI - [Relation between plasma levels of valproic acid alone and its efficacy and toxicity in pediatric patients under chronic treatment]. PMID- 6798947 TI - On the mechanism of noradrenaline-induced prostaglandin E2-Synthesis in primary cell cultures from rabbit splenic pulpa. AB - The role of Ca2+ and phospholipase A2 in alpha-adrenoceptor mediated stimulation of prostaglandin (PG)E2-release was investigated in primary cell cultures of rabbit splenic pulpa. Noradrenaline enhanced PGE2-release only in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. In contrast, PGE2-release induced by arachidonic acid was unchanged when Ca2+ was omitted. In the presence of Ca2+, the ionophore A 23187 increased PGE2-release concentration-dependently. During incubation in Ca2+-free medium, the ionophore was ineffective. Inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (mepacrine, p-bromophenacyl bromide) abolished the noradrenaline-induced PGE2-release and reduced the effect of A 23187; the stimulation of PGE2-release by arachidonic acid was not affected. Addition of exogenous phospholipase A2 enhances release of PGE2. From these results we suggest that noradrenaline-induced PGE2-release in rabbit splenic fibroblasts via alpha-adrenoceptors involves the following steps: influx of Ca2+, activation of a Ca2+-dependent phospholipase and liberation of arachidonic acid which is transformed into PGs. PMID- 6798948 TI - Biotransformation of arachidonic acid by the male reproductive system in the domestic fowl. PMID- 6798949 TI - Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase as a marker for the leucine biosynthetic pathway in several clostridia and in Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Alpha-Isopropylmalate synthase (EC 4.1.3.12) is present in extracts of Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium thermoaceticum, Clostridium formicoaceticum, Clostridium pasteurianum, and Clostridium kluyveri with specific activities (micromol alpha-isopropylmalate formed per min and g protein) of 8.6, 8.9, 2.4, 1.9, and 0.3, respectively. The product alpha-isopropylmalate was identified by gas chromatography combined with mass spectroscopy. The presence of 5mM leucine in the growth medium represses the synthesis of alpha-isopropylmalate synthase in C. thermoaceticum by 40 and 70%. The enzyme from c. pasteurianum was partially purified to a specific activity of 1413. All studied enzyme properties are similar to those of the enzymes from aerobic bacteria. It is suggested that in these anaerobic bacteria the alpha-isopropylmalate pathway is present in addition to the pathway via the ferrodoxin-dependent, reductive carboxylation of branched chain fatty acids. PMID- 6798950 TI - Using the protirelin test to distinguish mania from schizophrenia. AB - To explore the possible utility of the protirelin test in differentiating manic and schizophrenic patients, we gave a test dose of protirelin to 30 consecutive euthyroid inpatients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for mania, 30 who met criteria for schizophrenia, undifferentiated subtype, and 20 normal volunteer controls. The mean maximal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response (delta TSH) to protirelin in the manic patients was lower than in the schizophrenic patients and in the controls. This mean difference was not attributable to differences in age, sex, baseline thyroid functioning, cortisol levels, or medication, but there was a considerable overlap of values in the patient groups. However, with a delta TSH less than or equal to 7.0 I microunits/mL to identify manic patients in the overall group, the sensitivity of the protirelin test was 60% and the specificity was 84%. PMID- 6798951 TI - Tests for mutagenicity in Salmonella and covalent binding to DNA and protein in the rat of the riot control agent o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS). PMID- 6798952 TI - Congo/Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus from Iraq 1979: I. Morphology in BHK21 cells. AB - Congo-Crimean Haemorrhagic Fever virus, isolated from a patient in Iraq, was grown, after passage in suckling mouse brain, in BHK cells. The particles matured after 8-9 days in these cells by budding, usually singly, into cytoplasmic vacuoles throughout the host cells. The virions had an overall diameter of 115 to 125 nm, including rounded surface spikes 15 nm long and 10 nm wide. The viral cores, surrounded by a lipid unit membrane, contained discrete electron-dense elements. It is suggested that the spikes, dimpled at their outer end and possibly hollow throughout their length, passed out through "pores" in the unit membrane. PMID- 6798954 TI - [Electrophysiological studies of the heart in indeterminate forms of Chagas' disease]. PMID- 6798955 TI - [Acute infectious endocarditis due to Enterobacter sp. related to the presence of a central venous catheter as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis. Report of a case]. PMID- 6798956 TI - [Phlebitis with adrenal parasitism in chronic Chagas patients]. PMID- 6798953 TI - Detection of astroviruses in feces of a cat with diarrhea. Brief report. AB - Astroviruses were detected by electron microscopy in the feces from a 4 month old kitten with diarrhea. The mean diameter of the viral particles was 28.7 nm, and they showed characteristic five- or six-pointed star-shaped surface configurations. The clinical disease manifested by the cat and the observed morphology of the viral particles are consistent with previous reports on astroviruses of other species. PMID- 6798957 TI - [Determination of plasma levels of valproic acid (dipropylacetic acid) by gas chromatography]. AB - A specific and sensitive procedure for determination of valproic acid at therapeutic concentrations in human plasma has been standardized according to Hershey. The method requires solvents transfer but not solvent evaporation. For preparations of standard solution of high accuracy a sodium salt of valproic acid was used, titred potentiometrically with O.1 N percloric acid. Tests for sensibility and reproductibility were performed. The quality control of the assay was established using a control quality sera (Seronorm, Pharmaca). PMID- 6798959 TI - Hutchinson teeth. PMID- 6798958 TI - Prostaglandins, slow-reacting substances (leukotrienes) and the lung. PMID- 6798960 TI - Bovine aortic chondroitin sulphate- and dermatan sulphate-containing proteoglycans. Isolation, fractionation and chemical characterization. AB - 1. Guanidinium chloride (4M) in the presence of proteinase inhibitors extracted 90% of bovine aorta galactosaminoglycans as proteoglycans that were subsequently purified by ion-exchange and gel chromatography. 2. Fractionation of the calcium salts of the purified proteoglycans with increasing concentration of ethanol yielded fractions PG-25 (28%), PG-35 (45%) and PG-50 (37%). 3. Fraction PG-50 contained proteochondroitin 6-sulphate, whereas fractions PG-25 and PG-35 were proteodermatan sulphates of greatly different carbohydrate composition; the molar proportions of L-iduronate-N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulphate, D-glucuronate-N acetyl-galactosamine 4-sulphate and D-glucuronate-N-acetylgalactosamine 6 sulphate were 75: 18 :7 in fraction PG-25 and 14 :46 :40 in fraction PG-35. 4. The presence of alternating or mixed sequences with L-iduronate- and D glucuronate-containing repeating disaccharides was indicated by the formation of tetrasaccharides after chondroitinase AC digestion (single L-iduronate residues) and by the release of fragments containing four or five consecutive D-glucuronate N-acetylgalactosamine repeats after periodate oxidation and alkaline elimination. 5. The amino acid compositions of fractions PG-25 and PG-35 were similar and markedly different from that of fraction PG-50, which also contained more side chains. PMID- 6798961 TI - Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase. AB - 1. The specificity of rat prostatic spermidine synthase and spermine synthase with respect to the amine acceptor of the propylamine group was studied. 2. Spermidine synthase could use cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane) instead of putrescine, but the Km for cadaverine was much greater and the rate with 1mM cadaverine was only 10% of that with putrescine. 1,3-Diaminopropane was even less active (2% of the rate with putrescine) and no other compound tested (including longer alpha,omega-diamines, spermidine and its homologues and monoacetyl derivatives) was active. 3. Spermine synthase was equally specific. The only compounds tested that showed any activity were 1,8-diamino-octane, sym homospermidine, sym-norspermidine and N-(3-aminopropyl)-cadaverine, which at 1mM gave rates 2, 17, 3 and 4% of the rate with spermidine respectively. 4. The formation of polyamine derivatives of cadaverine and to a very small extent of 1,3-diaminopropane was confirmed by exposing transformed mouse fibroblasts to these diamines when synthesis of putrescine was prevented by alpha difluoromethylornithine. Under these conditions the cells accumulated significant amounts of N-(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine and NN'-bis(3-aminopropyl)cadaverine when exposed to cadaverine and small amounts of sym-norspermidine and sym-norspermine when exposed to 1,3-diaminopropane. PMID- 6798962 TI - Cell-free biosynthesis of erythroglycan in a microsomal fraction from K-562 cells. AB - Particulate membrane preparations from K-562 [human CML (chronic-myelogenous leukaemia)-derived] cells catalyse the transfer of [3H]galactose from UDP-[3H] galactose and [3H]N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-[3H]N-acetylglucosamine into an endogenous product that on digestion with Pronase yields long-chain glycopeptides (mol.wt. 7000--10 000) called 'erythroglycan'. Incorporation of either labelled sugar increased up to 60 min of incubation time. The labelled erythroglycan was isolated by chromatography on Sephadex G-50 and characterized by digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii, followed by analysis on Bio Gel P-2 and paper chromatography. This digestion gave the following four products: (1) a disaccharide with the sequence beta GlcNAc-beta Gal; (2) a trisaccharide with the sequence betaGal-betaGlcNAc-beta Gal; (3) a larger oligosaccharide containing galactose and N-acetylglucosamine; and (4) a putative protein-linkage region. PMID- 6798964 TI - The glycosaminoglycans of canine menisci. AB - The semilunar menisci of the knee have an important mechanical function and are commonly involved in joint degeneration. However, previously published analyses of the compositions of normal and degenerate human menisci vary widely. In the present study the glycosaminoglycan content and composition of selected areas of the menisci of eight normal knees of working foxhounds were determined. The menisci contained 10% less water and abut 8-fold less glucosaminoglycan than did the articular cartilage of these animals. Although the glycosaminoglycan composition was the same in different regions of the menisci, the total amounts varied considerably. Of the chondroitinase digestible material, approx. 60% was chondroitin 6-sulphate, 25% chondroitin 4-sulphate, 10% chondroitin and 5% dermatan sulphate. Hyaluronic acid accounted for about 6% of the total uronic acid. PMID- 6798963 TI - A novel low-molecular weight chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan isolated from cartilage. AB - Proteoglycans were isolated from cartilage by extraction with 4M-guanidinium chloride followed by direct centrifugation in 4M-guanidinium chloride/CsCl at a low starting density, 1.34 g/ml. N-Ethylmaleimide was included in the extraction solvent as a precaution against contamination of proteoglycans with unrelated proteins mediated by disulphide exchange. A novel, discrete, low-buoyant-density proteoglycan (1.40--1.35 g/ml) was demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Its proteoglycan nature was revealed by the shift in the molecular size observed on gel electrophoresis after treatment with chondroitinase ABC. The core protein was monodisperse. The proteoglycan was further purified by gel chromatography with and without addition of hyaluronate. The proteoglycan constitutes less than 2% (by weight) of the total extracted proteoglycans and is not capable of interacting with hyaluronate. The same proteoglycan was purified in larger quantities by sequential associative and dissociative CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation, zonal rate sedimentation in a sucrose gradient and gel chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B. The pure proteoglycan had a molecular weight of 76 300 determined by sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation and an apparent partial specific volume of 0.59 ml/g. It contained about 25% protein (of dry weight) and had remarkably high contents of leucine and cysteine as compared with other proteoglycans. The proteoglycan contained two to three large chondroitin sulphate chains and some oligosaccharides. PMID- 6798965 TI - Characterization of N-glycosylated type I collagen in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - The N epsilon-glycosylation of lysine and hydroxylysine residues in collagen from streptozotocin-induced-diabetic rats was confirmed and the stability of the complex shown to be due to an Amadori rearrangement. The studies also demonstrate the relative specificities of glucose, galactose and mannose in their reaction with collagen. The glycosylation of lysine in vitro occurs with glucose and galactose, but not with mannose, whereas only gucose reacts with hydroxylysine to any significant extent. Glycosylation of collagen occurs slowly during normal aging, but in contrast with reports suggesting accelerated aging of collagen in diabetic animals, we clearly demonstrated that the apparent increased stability is not due to an acceleration of the normal maturation process involving the reducible cross-links. PMID- 6798967 TI - Borate inhibits activation of inactive dinitrogenase reductase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - Borate and aminophenylboronic acid were tested as inhibitors of activation of inactive dinitrogenase reductase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. Inhibition was specific for activation because activity of the active form of the enzyme was not inhibited. Inhibition showed the pH-dependence expected if borate inhibits by binding to cis-hydroxy groups of the modifying group found on the inactive enzyme. PMID- 6798966 TI - Purification of the high-Km aldehyde reductase from rat brain and liver and from ox brain. AB - A procedure is described that yields an apparently homogeneous preparation of the high-Km aldehyde reductase from rat brain. This procedure is also applicable to the purification of this enzyme from rat liver and ox brain. In the latter case, however, the purified preparation could be resolved into two protein bands, both of which had enzyme activity, by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Since a sample of the ox brain enzyme from an earlier step in the purification procedure only showed the presence of a single band of activity after electrophoresis, this apparent multiplicity probably results from modification of the enzyme, possibly by oxidation, during the final step of the purification. A number of properties of the rat brain enzyme were determined and these were compared with those of the enzyme from rat liver. The two preparations were similar in their stabilities, behaviour during purification, kinetic properties, electrophoretic mobilities and amino acid compositions. Antibodies to the rat liver enzyme cross-reacted with that from brain and the inhibition of both these preparations by the antiserum was similar, further supporting the view that the enzymes from these two sources were closely similar if not identical. PMID- 6798968 TI - Primary structure of the ovine pituitary follitropin alpha-subunit. AB - All the tryptic peptides of reduced and aminoethylated alpha-subunit of ovine pituitary follitropin were isolated. From their their composition and partial sequence analysis of the N- and C-termini of the oxidized protein and reliance on homology with the sequence of lutropin alpha-subunit, an entire structure for the follitropin alpha-subunit has been proposed. The structure of the alpha-subunits from the two ovine hormones are identical. PMID- 6798969 TI - Primary structure of the ovine pituitary follitropin beta-subunit. AB - The complete amino acids sequence of the ovine pituitary follitropin beta-subunit was established by studying the tryptic, chymotryptic and thermolytic peptides. The N-terminal sequence of the subunit was confirmed by subjecting the oxidated protein to Edman degradation in an automated sequenator. Automated Edman degradation of the reduced and alkylated (with iodo [14C]acetamide) beta-subunit indicated that most of the molecules used in the sequence studies had lost the N terminal serine residue. This also confirmed the location of the first five half cystine residues in the sequence. The proposed structure shows the presence of 111 amino acid residues with the two oligosaccharide moieties linked to asparagine residues located at positions 6 and 23. Heterogeneity occurs at both the termini of the polypeptide chain. Comparison of the sequence of beta-subunit of the ovine hormone with that proposed for human follitropin beta-subunit shows the absence of any deletions in the middle of the peptide chain. Of the 13 replacements, 11 residues can be explained on the basis of a single base change in the codon. The single tryptophan residue of the follitropin occupies an identical position in all the four species that have been studied. The region corresponding to residues 63-105 of the ovine beta-subunit is highly conserved in all the species. PMID- 6798970 TI - Interaction of coenzyme M and formaldehyde in methanogenesis. AB - Chemical reaction of coenzyme M, sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulphonate (HS-CoM, Na+), and formaldehyde formed sodium 2-(hydroxymethylthio)ethanesulphonate (HOCH2-S CoM), whereas reaction with the ammonium salt of HS-CoM yielded iminobis-[2 (methylthio)ethanesulphonate], monoammonium salt [NH = (CH2 - S - CoM)2]. In water, NH = (CH2 - S - CoM)2 decomposed to 2-(aminomethylthio)ethanesulphonate (NH2CH2 - S - CoM) and HOCH2-S-CoM. NH-2-CH2 - CoM was degraded further to form more HOCH2-S-CoM. The structures of these coenzyme M derivatives were confirmed by i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy and by elemental analysis. When added to cell extracts of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, methane was formed from either HOCH2 - S - CoM or NH = (CH2 - S - CoM)2 at rates comparable with the rate of methane formation from the methanogenic precursor 2-(methylthio)-ethanesulphonate (CH3 - S - CoM). Formaldehyde was reduced to methane at similar rates. In addition, certain hemimercaptals, including thiazolidine and thiazolidine-4 carboxylate, were reduced, although at slower rates. The reduction of formaldehyde, thiazolidine, or thiazolidine-4-carboxylate required catalytic amounts of HS-CoM. ATP was required by cells extracts for reduction of each of these methane precursors. PMID- 6798971 TI - Subunit interactions in tyrosinase from frog epidermis in immobilized enzyme systems. AB - 1. Frog epidermis tyrosinase was coupled to Sepharose activated with low concentrations of CNBr. The tetrameric form of the enzyme was linked to the matrix via its subunits. Dissociation of the bound active enzyme with guanidinium chloride yielded an active immobilized dimeric derivative. 2. Immobilized dimeric derivative was able to interact with soluble subunits formed transiently during renaturation. An 85% recovery of the native dopa oxidase specific activity was achieved after hybridization. 3. Fluorescence spectra of different immobilized derivatives suggested that tryptophan residues were involved in the interactions between tyrosinase subunits. 4. It is suggested that the activation of the subunits of tyrosinase involves a conformational change towards a more unfolded state, which favours a reassociation to the dimeric active state. PMID- 6798972 TI - Commitment of bacterial spores to germinate. A measure of the trigger reaction. AB - The rate of commitment of bacterial spores to germinate after short exposure to L alanine increases exponentially from the time of addition of L-alanine. This absence of a lag facilitates kinetic analysis and allows the dependence of commitment on temperature and pH to be determined. The pH profile of commitment has been compared with that obtained from measurements of absorbance decreases during germination, and the two profiles exhibit differing pK values. It is suggested that because the decrease in A600 of spore suspensions is a late event in germination, it is an unsuitable parameter for studying germination-triggering reactions. Commitment has been shown to be temperature-dependent, with an optimum at approx. 37 degrees C and an activation energy (mu) of 1.08 X 10(5) J/mol. The data obtained from the present studies have been used to develop a model for the triggering of germination. PMID- 6798973 TI - Induction, immunochemical identity and immunofluorescence localization of an 80 000-molecular-weight peroxisome-proliferation-associated polypeptide (polypeptide PPA-80) and peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase of mouse liver and renal cortex. AB - The hypolipidaemic drugs methyl clofenapate, BR-931, Wy-14643 and procetofen induced a marked proliferation of peroxisomes in the parenchymal cells of liver and the proximal-convoluted-tubular epithelium of mouse kidney. The proliferation of peroxisomes was associated with 6-12-fold increase in the peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidizing capacity of the mouse liver. Enhanced activity of the peroxisomal palmitoyl-CoA oxidation system was also found in the renal-cortical homogenates of hypolipidaemic-drug-treated mice. The activity of enoyl-CoA hydratase in the mouse liver increased 30-50-fold and in the kidney cortex 3-5 fold with hypolipidaemic-drug-induced peroxisome proliferation in these tissues, and over 95% of this induced activity was found to be heat-labile peroxisomal enzyme in both organs. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoretic analysis of large-particle and microsomal fractions obtained from the liver and kidney cortex of mice treated with hypolipidaemic peroxisome proliferators demonstrated a substantial increase in the quantity of an 80000-mol.wt. peroxisome-proliferation-associated polypeptide (polypeptide PPA-80). The heat labile peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase was purified from the livers of mice treated with the hypolipidaemic drug methyl clofenapate; the antibodies raised against this electrophoretically homogeneous protein yielded a single immunoprecipitin band with purified mouse liver enoyl-CoA hydratase and with liver and kidney cortical extracts of normal and hypolipidaemic-drug-treated mice. These anti-(mouse liver enoyl-CoA hydratase) antibodies also cross-reacted with purified rat liver enoyl-CoA hydratase and with the polypeptide PPA-80 obtained from rat and mouse liver. Immunofluorescence studies with anti (polypeptide PPA-80) and anti-(peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase) provided visual evidence for the localization and induction of polypeptide PPA-80 and peroxisomal enoyl-CoA hydratase in the liver and kidney respectively of normal and hypolipidaemic-drug-treated mice. In the kidney, the distribution of these two proteins is identical and limited exclusively to the cytoplasm of proximal convoluted-tubular epithelium. The immunofluorescence studies clearly complement the biochemical and ultrastructural observations of peroxisome induction in the liver and kidney cortex of mice fed on hypolipidaemic drugs. In addition, preliminary ultrastructural studies with the protein-A-gold-complex technique demonstrate that the heat-labile hepatic enoyl-CoA hydratase is localized in the peroxisome matrix. PMID- 6798974 TI - Peptide-induced prostaglandin biosynthesis in the renal-vein-constricted kidney. AB - The ipsilateral kidney was removed from a rabbit 48h after unilateral partial renal-vein-constriction and was perfused with Krebs-Henseleit media at 37 degrees C. Hourly administration of a fixed dose of bradykinin to the renal-vein constricted kidney demonstrated a marked time-dependent increase in the release of bioassayable prostaglandin E(2) and thromboxane A(2) into the venous effluent as compared with the response of the contralateral control kidney. The renal-vein constricted kidney produced up to 60 times more prostaglandin E(2) in response to bradykinin after 6h of perfusion as compared with the contralateral kidney; thromboxane A(2) was not demonstratable in the contralateral kidney. Inhibition of protein synthesis de novo in the perfused renal-vein-constricted kidney with cycloheximide lessened the hormone-stimulated increase in prostaglandin E(2) by 94% and in thromboxane A(2) by 90% at 6h of perfusion. Covalent acetylation of the renal cyclo-oxygenase by prior oral administration of aspirin to the rabbit inhibited initial bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin E(2) biosynthesis 71% at 1h of perfusion. However, there was total recovery from aspirin in the renal-vein constricted kidney by 2h of perfusion after bradykinin stimulation. Total cyclo oxygenase activity as measured by [(14)C]arachidonate metabolism to labelled prostaglandins by renal cortical and renal medullary microsomal fractions prepared from 6h-perfused kidneys demonstrated that renal-vein-constricted kidney cortical cyclo-oxygenase activity was significantly greater than the contralateral-kidney-cortical conversion, whereas medullary arachidonate metabolism was comparable in both the renal-vein-constricted kidney and contralateral kidney. These data suggest that perfusion of a renal-vein constricted kidney initiates a time-dependent induction of synthesis of prostaglandin-producing enzymes, which appear to be primarily localized in the renal cortex. The presence of the synthetic capacity to generate very potent vasodilator and vasoconstrictor prostaglandins in the renal cortex suggests that these substances could mediate or modulate changes in renal vascular resistance in pathological states. PMID- 6798975 TI - Stimulation of production of prostaglandin E in gingival cells exposed to products of human blood mononuclear cells. AB - 1. Supernatant media from cultures of unstimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells contained one or more factors that increased by several hundred fold the production of prostaglandin E by fibroblast-like cells derived from both inflamed and normal human gingival tissue. 2. This stimulation occurred in a dose dependent manner and was completely inhibited by 14 microM-indomethacin. 3. Responsiveness to the factor declined as the age of the cell culture increased. 4. An increase in prostaglandin E production was first observed after a 2h exposure to the mononuclear cell factor(s) and could be prevented by cycloheximide. 5. Brief exposure (0.5 and 1.0 h) to mononuclear cell factor did not increase prostaglandin E production by the cells in a subsequent 72 h incubation in the absence of mononuclear cell factor. 6. Addition of arachidonate (10 microM and 15 microM) further enhanced stimulation of prostaglandin E production in response to mononuclear cell factor. 7. The stimulatory activity was resistant to digestion by trypsin, but was heat-labile, so that only 17% remained after treatment at 56 degrees C for 30 min. PMID- 6798977 TI - Effects of intermittent 60-Hz high voltage electric fields on metabolism, activity, and temperature in mice. AB - Transient effects of 100-kV/m extremely low frequency electric fields were studied in the white footed deermouse, Peromyscus leucopus. Gross motor activity, carbon dioxide production, oxygen consumption, and core body temperature were monitored before, during, and after intermittent field exposures (four hour-long exposures, at one-hour intervals). Thirty-four mice were exposed in cages with plastic floors floating above ground potential, and 21 mice were exposed in cages with grounded metal floor plates. The first field exposure produced an immediate, transient increase of activity and gas measures during the inactive phase of the circadian cycle. All measures returned to baseline levels before the second exposure and were not significantly changed throughout the remainder of the exposures. The rapid habituation of field-induced arousal suggests that significant metabolic changes will not be measured in experiments in which the interval between exposure and measurement is greater than two hours. PMID- 6798976 TI - Ca2+-induced biochemical changes in human erythrocytes and their relation to microvesiculation. AB - 1. Human erythrocytes were treated with Ca2+ and ionophore A23187 and measurements were made of K+ efflux, polyphosphoinositide breakdown, 1,2 diacylglycerol accumulation, phosphatidate synthesis, changes in membrane polypeptide pattern and release of microvesicles. 2. It was shown that neither transamidase-mediated protein cross-linking, proteolysis of polypeptides 2.1 (ankyrin) or 4.1, nor accumulation of diacylglycerol or phosphatidate appeared to be necessary for microvesiculation to occur. 3. Microvesicles were released only under conditions where KCl efflux leading to cell shrinkage occurred and where polyphosphoinositides were broken down. These circumstances were sufficient to cause microvesiculation only in the presence of increased intracellular concentrations of Ca2+. PMID- 6798978 TI - Serum IgG and IgM rheumatoid factors by solid phase radioimmunoassay. A comparison between adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In this report, solid phase radioimmunoassays that specifically measure IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgM RF in absolute concentrations are described. Polyclonal RF preparations were utilized as standards, and as little as 40 ng/ml of IgG RF and I ng/ml of IgM RF were detected. The IgG RF concentration of 26 seropositive rheumatoid sera was 439 +/ 755 micrograms/ml (mean +/- 1 SD), a level 107 times that of normal controls (P less than 0.001). In contrast, levels for 49 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were 6.1 +/- 3.7 micrograms/ml for those with a polyarticular onset (JRA-Po), and 27.3 +/- 113 micrograms/ml for the pauciarticular group (JRA-Pa), and 12.6 +/- 20.7 micrograms/ml for the group with a systemic onset (JRA-S). None of these values differed significantly from the value of 6.0 +/- 3.9 micrograms/ml measured in a juvenile control group. The IgM RF level in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of 175 +/- 221 micrograms/ml was also significantly elevated compared to controls (P less than 0.001). In JRA, however, mean levels of 1.4 +/- 2.0 micrograms/ml (JRA Po), 2.8 +/- 8.3 micrograms/ml (JRA-Pa), and 1.1 +/- 0.7 micrograms /ml (JRA-S) were not elevated significantly above the value of 1.2 +/-1.2 micrograms/ml measured in the juvenile control group. Hidden IgM RF was not found in 9 JRA sera tested. These marked differences in RF levels provide another indication that adult RA and JRA are distinct diseases. PMID- 6798980 TI - [Identification of a polymorphic AS marker in human serum. Evidence of a linkage imbalance to the beta thalassemic locus]. AB - Radial Immuno Diffusion performed by including in agar serum from a polytransfused Cooley patient (beta-thalassemic homozygous) allowed to identify a human serum antigen marker of an autosomal polymorphic locus. the antigen and its coding gene were named AS and AS respectively. Genetic tests indicate that the AS1 dominant allele codes for the presence of AS in the serum while the AS0 recessive allele codes for its absence. The frequency of the AS0/AS0 homozygous genotype results to be greater in Cooley than in healthy people thus suggesting that the AS0 and beta-thal alleles may be in linkage disequilibrium. The observation that the frequency of the AS0 beta-thal haplotype is greater than the product of the frequencies of the alleles which form it, confirms such a linkage. PMID- 6798979 TI - An unusual morphologic evolution of Paget's disease of bone. AB - A patient with early Paget's disease of bone was treated for 12 months with calcitonin and 10 months with etidronate. During this time the cortex of each diseased bone showed a progressive 2- to 3-fold increase in thickness. Lytic areas regressed and the new bone appeared radiographically very compact. No bowing deformity developed in 3 years of observation. This form of morphologic evolution differs markedly from those previously reported during treatment. For this patient, treatment was instituted very early during the course of the disease and moderately high doses of vitamin D were given during part of the treatment course. Observation of a larger number of patients will be needed to determine whether these factors actually modified the treatment outcome. PMID- 6798981 TI - [Electrophoretic and immunological characteristics of non-histone proteins of human skin tumors. I) Methods]. AB - The object of the research is to classify the nuclear proteins of the cellular nucleus of some types of human skin tumours (melanotic and amelanotic melanomas, squamous epitheliomas). Nuclear proteins were extracted from the nuclei with a saline buffer. Nuclear proteins were extracted from a melanoma step by step. After prolonged centrifugation to sediment the DNA and the large ribonucleoprotein complexes, the nuclear proteins were chromatographed on columns of Biorex 70+ to remove proteins were chromatographed on columns of Biorex 70+ to remove the histones. Nuclear proteins from a squamous epithelioma were injected into a rabbit to induce specific antibodies. PMID- 6798982 TI - [Electrophoretic and immunological characteristics of non-histone proteins of human skin tumors. II) Results]. AB - In this communication we present the immunoelectrophoretic profiles of non histone proteins of the cellular nucleus of some types of human skin tumours. The results show that the nuclear non-histone proteins of different types of tumours are quantitatively different from one another. The immunoelectrophoretic profiles of the samples show that an antigenic affinity between the skin tumours concerns most of the nuclear proteins of each sample. PMID- 6798983 TI - Alveolar gas relationships during use of the circle system with carbon dioxide absorption. AB - Expressions have been derived to show the dependence of alveolar oxygen and anaesthetic concentration on fresh gas flow to a circle system, the composition of fresh gas, ventilation and gas uptake. The form of these expressions is influenced by the degree of mixing of fresh and expired gases within the circle system. These expressions assume an equilibrium state within the circle system and the rate at which equilibrium will be approached has been quantified in terms of the time-constants of change of composition of gas within the system. Time constants approach infinity as fresh gas flow approaches values which just satisfy gas uptake. Whilst simplifying assumptions made in the derivation of the various alveolar gas equations limits their accuracy, the expression can serve as a guide to the likely behaviour of circle systems under any given conditions of use. PMID- 6798984 TI - Pattern of reduction of ventilatory and occlusion pressure response to carbon dioxide by pentazocine in man. AB - Mean inspiratory flow, occlusion pressure and end-tidal PCO2 were measured in six healthy, sitting subjects, during breathing air and rebreathing carbon dioxide, before and after pentazocine 0.5 mg kg-1 i.v. and again after naloxone 20 micrograms kg-1. Pentazocine reduced the occlusion pressure and inspiratory flow responses at a given PCO2 during carbon dioxide rebreathing and these effects were antagonized by naloxone. The relationship of inspiratory flow and end-tidal carbon dioxide during rebreathing was used to measure the PCO2 value at which mean inspiratory flow was 1 litres-1. Occlusion pressure at this PCO2 was reduced in all the subjects by pentazocine, suggesting that the generation of inspiratory flow required less muscle activity. This effect was antagonized by naloxone. PMID- 6798985 TI - Use of ball insentive inspirometer in post-operative respiratory care. Clinical trial. PMID- 6798986 TI - Clozic (ICI 55,897) in rheumatoid arthritis--a controlled comparison with gold. PMID- 6798987 TI - Immunity to reinfection of the genital tract of marmosets with Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - Eleven marmosets inoculated intra-vaginally with either of 2 serotypes (D/E and H) of Chlamydia trachomatis developed a self-limited infection which persisted usually for 10-42 days. Animals re-inoculated on one or more occasions were, however, infected generally for a shorter duration, usually 3-7 days. Curtailed infections were observed after re-inoculation with either the same or a different serotype, indicating that immunity was not serotype specific but cross protective. IgM and/or IgG chlamydial antibody, measured by micro immunofluorescence, developed in most of the marmosets on primary infection and was not serotype specific. The antibody titres were boosted on re-infection and there was a correlation between pre-existing high antibody titres and infections of short duration. Chlamydial infection of the genital tract was accompanied by acute inflammation which persisted in about half of the immune animals for up to several weeks despite rapid clearance of the organisms. These features of the experimental infection should help to provide a greater understanding of the immunobiology and pathogenesis of chlamydial genital-tract infections of humans. PMID- 6798988 TI - Precipitating anti-VIII:C antibodies in two patients with haemophilia A. AB - IgG from the plasmas of two haemophilia A patients with anti-VIII:CAg antibodies (1000 and 200 u/ml) was isolated and labelled with 125I. The specific labelled anti-VIII:CAg IgG was further purified by binding to and elution from immobilized factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (F.VIII/vWF). When studied by immunodiffusion and autoradiography, both antibodies gave a precipitin line with normal plasma, serum, cryoprecipitate, purified F.VIII/vWF and the plasmas of two patients with haemophilia A+. No precipitin line was observed with the plasmas of 11 patients with haemophilia A- or four patients with severe von Willebrand's disease. Levels of VIII:CAg obtained by radioelectroimmunoassay were in agreement with those obtained by immunoradiometric assay. This study demonstrates that, contrary to previous evidence, human anti-VIII:CAg antibodies are precipitating as well as neutralizing when studied by highly sensitive techniques. PMID- 6798990 TI - Metabolism of dichlorobiphenyls by highly purified isozymes of rat liver cytochrome P-450. AB - Hepatic mixed-function oxidase metabolism of the ubiquitous pollutant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is implicated in their toxification and detoxification. We used dichlorobiphenyls (DCBs) as models to investigate the effect of the chloro substituent sites on this metabolism experimentally and by molecular orbital calculations. Reconstituted, purified cytochrome P-450 PB-B and BNF-B, the major terminal oxidase isozymes of this system, from phenobarbital (PB)- and beta-naphthoflavone (BNF)-induced rats were used to investigate this metabolism. Both isozymes are also induced by PCBs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect, quantify, and isolate metabolites. Metabolite structures were identified by mass spectrometry, dechlorination to identifiable hydroxybiphenyls, and HPLC retention times. All DCBs yielded 3- and 4- but no 2-monohydroxylated metabolites (3,3'-DCB also yielded a dihydroxy metabolite). Di-o-chloro-substituted DCBs were metabolized primarily by cytochrome P-450 PB-B, mono-o-chloro substituted DCBs by both isozymes approximately equivalently, and DCBs without o-chloro substituents by BNF-B primarily. Thus PB-B preferentially metabolizes noncoplanar DCBs and BNF-B coplanar DCBs. The cytochrome isozymes exhibited differing regioselectivities for DCB metabolism - PB-B hydroxylated unchlorinated phenyl rings and BNF-B chlorinated rings. Incorporation of epoxide hydrolase yielded DCB dihydrodiols, and hydroxy metabolite patterns were consistent with those calculated from ring opened arene oxide intermediates. Thus the rates and regioselectivities of metabolism and thus possibly the toxicity and carcinogenicity of DCBs are dependent on the cytochrome P-450 isozymes induced. PMID- 6798989 TI - Aplastic anaemia treated with lithium carbonate. PMID- 6798991 TI - Posttranslational modifications in the biosynthesis of type IV collagen by a human tumor cell line. AB - Factors responsible for the high extent of intracellular posttranslational modifications in type IV collagens were studied in a cultured human tumor cell line, HT-1080. These cells do not synthesize any detectable amounts of interstitial collagens but produce type IV collagen at a high rate, corresponding to about one-third of the production of interstitial collagens by cultured human skin fibroblasts. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity was lower in the HT-1080 cells than in human skin fibroblasts, there being a rough correlation between this enzyme activity and the rate of 4-hydroxyproline formation in these two cell types. The differing extents of the respective modifications could largely be explained by differences in the activities of lysyl hydroxylase and the hydroxylysyl glycosyltransferases between the two cell types. No difference ws found in prolyl 3-hydroxylase activity, however, even though the extent of 3 hydroxylation of proline residues was about 6-fold in the type IV collagens. In experiments where the HT-1080 cells were studied in suspension, a lag of about 100 min was found before the secretion of type IV collagen from the cells became linear. Pulse-chase experiments in suspension indicated that all the intracellular enzyme reactions proceeded for about 40 min, presumably due to the slow triple-helix formation in type IV collagens. This slow helix formation apparently contributed to the high extent of all the intracellular modifications but was not a major factor. PMID- 6798992 TI - Anthramycin binding to deoxyribonucleic acid-mitomycin C complexes. Evidence for drug-induced deoxyribonucleic acid conformational change and cooperativity in mitomycin C binding. AB - Anthramycin and mitomycin C (MC) are two DNA reactive drugs, which bind covalently to GC pairs producing different effects on DNA: anthramycin stiffening and MC distorsion. This paper describes experiments in which we have used anthramycin as a probe to sense quantitatively the effects on DNA of MC binding. Saturation binding experiments show that both anthramycin and MC partially inhibit the binding of the other drug to DNA (maximum inhibition by MC and anthramycin, 22.4% and 19.7%, respectively) but by a mechanism other than direct site exclusion. This suggests that MC binds in the major groove of DNA, since anthramycin is known to bind in the minor groove. An abrupt reduction in the binding of anthramycin to DNA-MC complexes occurs between MC binding ratios of 0.030 and 0.035, which parallels and probably results from sudden intensification of a MC-induced DNA conformational change occurring between these binding ratios. Dialysis measurements indicate that anthramycin is very possibly binding at sites distant from MC sites and suggest a clustering of closely bound MC chromophores resulting from possible cooperative binding. S1 nuclease digest experiments demonstrate an initial enhancement of nuclease activity in DNA-MC complexes, the magnitude of which correlates well with the reduction of anthramycin binding, relative to the degree of MC binding. The enhanced nuclease activity in these complexes indicates regions of exposed DNA or helix base distortion which is related to or is the result of conformational change. PMID- 6798993 TI - A study of oxygen isotope scrambling in the enzymic and non-enzymic oxidation of linoleic acid. AB - Lipoxygenases-1 and -2 isolated from soybeans were incubated with linoleic acid in the presence of a mixture of 16O2 and 18O2. The formation of 16O/18O-molecules which is indicative for a head-to head reaction of peroxy radicals was determined and compared with that produced during autoxidation of a linoleic acid emulsion in the presence of ferric ions. Lipoxygenase-1 was much less active in scrambling than lipoxygenase-2 which was comparable to that found in the autoxidation reaction. PMID- 6798997 TI - Structure of NADH:Q oxidoreductase from bovine heart mitochondria studied by electron microscopy. AB - Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of NADH:Q oxidoreductase preparations have been obtained by microdiffusion of protein dissolved in detergent against a 15 mM sodium acetate buffer of pH 5.5 containing 10% (w/v) ammonium sulphate. Electron microscopy was used to study the structure of negatively stained crystals. Computer-reconstructed images were obtained by the Fourier peak filtering method. The crystals have p4 symmetry and a square unit cell with dimensions of 15.2 +/- 0.5 nm. The four asymmetric units in the unit cell form a single tetrameric molecule with a dimension in the third direction of 8.2 nm. It is concluded on the basis of the estimated molecular mass that each tetramer cannot contain more than only one FMN molecule. This implies that the tetramers possibly are only a part of Complex I, since there is much evidence that one functional enzyme molecule of Complex I contains two FMN molecules. PMID- 6798995 TI - The presence of blood group A-active glycolipids in cancer tissues from blood group O patients. AB - Glycolipids were isolated from human gastric cancer tissues and normal mucosae. Sulfogalactosylceramide, ganglioside and neutral glycolipid fractions were separated by DEAE-Sephadex and silica gel column chromatography. Sulfogalactosylceramide contents were higher in the cancer tissues than in the normal mucosae. Ganglioside contents showed considerable variations but in the cancer tissues in mole percentage of ganglioside GM3 was higher than in the normal mucosae. The cancer tissues contained more neutral glycolipids than normal tissues. Glycolipids of lacto-series, including fucolipids, were markedly increased in the cancer tissues. Blood group A-active glycolipids were found in the cancer tissues from two patients with blood group O but not found in the uninvolved tissue associated with the cancer tissue. PMID- 6798994 TI - Oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic microsomes of the rabbit. Mechanism of biosynthesis of two vicinal dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. AB - [1-14C] Arachidonic (eicosatetraenoic) acid was incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 min with rabbit liver microsomes fortified with NADPH (1 mM). The products were purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on polarity on reversed phase HPLC, the metabolites could be divided into three groups. The major metabolites of lowest polarity were 19- and 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid and 19-oxoarachidonic acid. The major metabolites of medium polarity were two diols, 14,15-dihydroxy-5,-8,11 eicosatrienoic acid and 11,12-dihydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid. Microsomal incubation under atmospheric isotopic oxygen led to incorporation of only one 18O molecule in each diol, indicating that the diols could originate from breakdown of 14(15)-oxido-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid and 11(12)-oxido-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid, respectively. Major metabolites in the most polar group were 14,15,19- and 14,15,20-trihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. 11,12,19- and 11,12,20-trihydroxy 5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 11,12-dihydroxy-19-oxo-5,8,-14-eicosatrienonic acid. About 0.5% of exogenous radioactively labelled arachidonic was covalently bound to microsomal proteins. The metabolites and the protein-bound products were formed in considerably smaller amounts by non-fortified microsomes. Carbon monoxide inhibited this pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism, indicating that these reactions might be catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450-linked monooxygenase systems. PMID- 6798996 TI - The biological origin of ketotic dicarboxylic aciduria. In vivo and in vitro investigations of the omega-oxidation of C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids in unstarved, starved and diabetic rats. AB - The conversion of radioactive C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids to urinary adipic, suberic, sebacic and 3-hydroxybutyric acids was investigated in vivo in unstarved, starved and diabetic ketotic rats. Hexanoic, octanoic and decanoic acids were converted to C6-, C6-C8- and C6-C10-dicarboxylic acids, respectively, in fed and 72-h-starved rats. Lauric acid was converted to C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids in starved rats but not in unstarved rats. Decanoic and lauric acids were converted to relatively high amounts of C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids compared with myristic acid in myristic acid in ketotic diabetic rats, while radioactivity from [1-14C]-and [16-(14)] palmitic acid was not incorporated into C6-C8-dicarboxylic acids in diabetic ketotic rats. C6-C12-monocarboxylic acids in hydrolysed rat adipose tissue wee determined by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (selected ion monitoring). Decanoic and lauric acids were found in amounts of 7.6 9.1 and 85.9-137.5 micrometers/100 mg tissue, respectively, whereas the amounts of hexanoic and octanoic acids were negligible. It is concluded that the biological origin of the C6-C8-dicarboxylic aciduria seen in ketotic rats are C10 C14-monocarboxylic acids, which are initially omega-oxidised solely or partly as free acids and subsequently beta-oxidised to adipic and suberic acids. The in vitro omega-oxidation of C6-C16-monocarboxylic acids to corresponding dicarboxylic acids in the 100,000 Xg supernatant fraction of rat liver homogenate was measured by selected ion monitoring. 0.09, 0.14, 16.1, 5.8, 7.0 and -6.9% of, respectively, hexanoic, octanoic, decanoic, lauric, myristic and palmitic acid were omega-oxidised to dicarboxylic acids of corresponding chain lengths after 90 min of incubation, when correction for the production of dicarboxylic acids in control assays was made. An in vitro production of C12-C16-dicarboxylic acids was detected in all assays ()including control assays), probably formed from"endogenous' monocarboxylic acids preexistent in the homogenate. Ths "endogenous' production of dicarboxylic acids was inhibited by C10-C16 monocarboxylic acids, where palmitic acid had the strongest effect. In fact, palmitic acid inhibited its own omega-oxidation when added in concentrations above 0.6 mM. Starvation of rats for 72 h did not alter the "endogenous' in vitro production of hexadecanedioic acid. PMID- 6798998 TI - A postulated mechanism for the coordinate effects of ionophore A23187 on calcium uptake and cell viability in rat thymocytes. AB - At the physiological concentration of Ca2+, the presumed calcium ionophore A23187 produced dose-related increases in 45Ca uptake by rat thymocytes and decreases in cell viability, effects that displayed a strong linear correlation. In media containing a very low concentration of Ca2+ (7.10(-6) M), in contrast, ionophore A23187 had no specific effect on either 45Ca uptake or cell viability. The calcium-dependent cytotoxicity of ionophore A23187 resembles that of other agents that are not ionophores, but that are known to perturb the plasma membrane. Consequently, we suggest that, in the rat thymocyte, ionophore, ionophore A23187 may not act as a true ionophore, but may perturb the cell membrane, allowing Ca2+ to pass freely through the membrane along its electrochemical gradient. PMID- 6798999 TI - Phase behavior of the major lipids of tetrahymena ciliary membranes. AB - The major lipids of Tetrahymena membranes have been purified by thin-layer and high pressure liquid chromatography and the phosphatidylethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate lipids were examined in detail. 31P-NMR, X-ray diffraction and freeze-fracture electron microscopy were employed to describe the phase behavior of these lipids. The phosphatidylethanolamine was found to form a hexagonal phase above 10 degrees C. The aminoethylphosphonate formed a lamellar phase up to 20 degrees C, but converted to a hexagonal phase structure at 40 degrees C. Small amounts of phosphatidylcholine stabilized the lamellar phase for the aminoethylphosphonate. 31P-NMR spectra of the intact ciliary membranes were consistent with a phospholipid bilayer at 30 degrees C, suggesting that phosphatidylcholine in the membrane stabilized the lamellar form, even though most of the lipid of that membrane prefers a hexagonal phase in pure form at 30 degrees C. 31P-NMR spectra also showed a distinctive difference in the chemical shift tensor of the aminoethylphosphonolipid, when compared to that of phosphatidylethanolamine, due to the difference in chemical structure of the polar headgroups of the two lipids. PMID- 6799000 TI - Polymorphic phase behaviour of cardiolipin from bovine heart and from Bacillus subtilis as detected by 31P-NMR and freeze-fracture techniques. Effects of Ca2+, Mg2+, Ba2+ and temperature. AB - The structures formed by aqueous dispersions of cardiolipin isolated from bovine heart and B. subtilis have been studied by 31P-NMR and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The sodium salts of both cardiolipins form bilayers. The Ca2+, Mg2+ and Ba2+ salts undergo well-defined bilayer leads to hexagonal (HII) transitions, the temperature of which is dependent on the cation involved and the fatty acid composition of the cardiolipin. PMID- 6799003 TI - In vitro prostaglandin synthesis by various rat renal preparations. AB - Prostaglandin synthesis by eight different structures from the rat kidney (while cortex, cortical tubules, glomeruli, outer medulla, papilla, glomerular cultured epithelial and mesangial cells, cultured interstitial medullary cells) was measured in vitro after incubation with [14C] arachidonic acid using high performance liquid chromatography followed by RIA with four specific anti prostaglandin antibodies (prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6 keto prostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane B2). Prostaglandin production by the whole cortex and cortical tubules was very low. The order of abundance for isolated glomeruli was thromboxane B2 great than prostaglandin E2 greater than prostaglandin F2 alpha greater than 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Mesangial cells synthesized prostaglandin E2 at a markedly high rate, in decreasing order: prostaglandin F2 alpha, thromboxane B2 and 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. The same order of abundance was observed for epithelial cells. The papilla synthesized essentially prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha, whereas the main product for the outer medullar was 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha. Cultured interstitial cells synthesized mainly prostaglandin E2 and to a lesser extent prostaglandin F2 alpha. Unidentified peaks eluting between 6 keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 were also observed chiefly with glomeruli but they were absent with the medullary preparations. They disappeared after incubation with indomethacin or aspirin and represented for glomeruli the greatest percentage of conversion of [14C] arachidonic acid. These results show that the prostanoid profile varies markedly with the different regions and cells of the rat kidney. PMID- 6799001 TI - Biochemical and immunochemical evidence for the formation of a dimer of glial fibrillary acidic protein. AB - The glial fibrillary acidic protein isolated from calf brain white matter revealed two major protein bands with apparent molecular weights of 135 000 and 50 000, respectively. The heavy component could be enhanced by oxidation and completely converted to the light component by reduction. It was stoichiometrically established that one sulfhydryl group was present in each 50 000-dalton monomer and the disulfide linkage was involved in dimer formation. The results of the peptide mapping and the immuno-cross-reactivities of the two components indicated that they are identical proteins. We conclude that glial fibrillary acidic protein can occur as a dimeric structure which is formed by an intermolecular disulfide bond from two identical polypeptide chains. PMID- 6799002 TI - Modification of tyrosine residues in dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. AB - Dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei was inactivated by reaction with tetranitromethane and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Loss of activity occurred with modification of four of the five tyrosine residues present in the enzyme. The presence of either substrate, NADPH or 7,8-dihydrofolate, as well as NADP and folate, provided extensive protection against inactivation, while NADH and tetrahydrofolate exhibited none. This protection from inactivation occurred on protection of two of the four susceptible tyrosines from modification. Nitration of the enzyme adversely affected its ability to bind substrates. Restoration of the pKa of the nitrated tyrosines by reduction of the nitro group to an amino group did not result in a regeneration of enzymatic activity. However, fluorotyrosine-containing enzyme, prepared by growing the bacterium in the presence of fluorotyrosine, exhibited specific activity identical to that of native enzyme over the pH range of 4.5-8. These results suggest that inactivation of dihydrofolate reductase by tyrosine modification occurs primarily due to a steric effect and that the active site tyrosines may participate in substrate binding. PMID- 6799005 TI - Microsomal and photochemical oxidation and reduction of 1 piperidinoanthraquinone. AB - In microsomes of control Wistar rats, NADPH-dependent reduction of 1 piperidinoanthraquinone (1-PA) to the corresponding hydroquinone, in the absence of oxygen, has been observed. Two facts ((i) inhibition of the formation of 1 piperidinoanthrahydroquinone (1-PAH) by metyrapone and antibodies to cytochrome P 450, and (ii) increase in the rate of 1-PAH formation upon induction of rats by phenobarbital) indicate that cytochrome P-450 participates in the reduction of 1 PA. Since 1-PA is a substrate of cytochrome P-450 and is oxidized in microsomes to (N-anthraquinonyl-1)-delta-aminovaleric acid (AAV), model experiments have been conducted to examine whether the reduced forms of 1-PA are involved in its oxidation. During photochemical generation of 1-PAH and its subsequent oxidation (N-anthraquinonyl-1)-delta-aminovaleric aldehyde (AAVal) is formed. However, this product is formed without participation of activated form of the substrate and oxygen. AAVal is a substrate in photochemical systems, apparently, is a precursor of AAV in microsomal oxidation of 1-PA. AAVal is substrate of cytochrome P-450 (the Type 1 of binding) and is oxidized quantitatively in microsomal systems to yield AAV. The date obtained enable us to propose a possible mechanism of enzyme oxidation of 1-PA. PMID- 6799004 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs react with two sites on platelet cyclo oxygenase. Evidence from "in vivo" drug interaction studies in rats. AB - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit platelet cyclo-oxygenase activity. This study shows that salicylate, diflunisal, sulphinpyrazone and indomethacin prevention vivo aspirin inhibitory effect on cyclo-oxygenase activity as measured by the formation of malondialdehyde and thromboxane B2, two products of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism. Salicylate also prevents the inhibitory effect of indomethacin. All these drugs therefore appear to interact with the same site on platelet cyclo-oxygenase. Since salicylate is inactive by itself on this platelet enzyme and diflunisal and sulphinpyrazone were used at ineffective doses, it is suggested that their interaction with aspirin (or indomethacin) occurs at the level of a supplementary binding site, rather than directly on the substrate active site. Interaction with this putative supplementary site is necessary but not sufficient for the efficacy of these drugs on cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. Acetylation by aspirin of the active site appears to be a phenomenon secondary to the binding of salicylate moiety to the supplementary site. PMID- 6799006 TI - Induction of diamine oxidase activity in rat kidney during compensatory hypertrophy. AB - Diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity, measured as [14C]delta1 -pyrroline formation from [14C]putrescine, was studied in homogenates of rat kidney during compensatory hypertrophy after unilateral nephrectomy. Acetaldehyde and to a lesser degree phenobarbital, at concentrations which did not modify the activity of a preparation of hog kidney diamine oxidase, increased delta1 -pyrroline formation in kidney homogenate, which suggests that aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes present in this tissue may interfere with the yield of delta1 -pyrroline formation and that the use of acetaldehyde may give better information on kidney diamine oxidase activity. Other inhibitors of aldehyde-metabolizing enzymes such as chloral hydrate, disulfiram, and pyrazole cannot be used for diamine oxidase determination since they stimulated or depressed this enzyme activity. In rat kidney undergoing compensatory hypertrophy the levels of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine increased rapidly and were followed by an increase in diamine oxidase activity that presented a first peak on day 2 and a second peak on day 6. The administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D to nephrectomized rates prevented the increase in diamine oxidase activity. The study of the turnover rate of diamine oxidase with cycloheximide demonstrated that the half-life of this enzyme was about 14 h in normal and hypertrophic kidney. The results suggest that the increase in diamine oxidase activity in renal hypertrophy was due to the synthesis of new enzymes rather than to slowing of its degradation. PMID- 6799007 TI - Evidence that extracellular cathepsin D is not responsible for the resorption of cartilage matrix in culture. AB - Cathepsin D, the major lysosomal aspartic proteinase, is responsible for the autolysis of cartilage at slightly acidic pH, and it has been suspected of making a significant contribution to the breakdown of the living tissue, such as in stimulated by retinol. Our finding, however, has been that neither inhibitory antibodies against cathepsin D, nor chemical inhibition with pepstatin, significantly decreases the rate of degradation of proteoglycan in the organ culture system. Most of the other proteinase inhibitors tested were similarly ineffective, although the EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline inhibited the resorption by a cytotoxic effect. We conclude that although cartilage matrix degradation has clear characteristics of proteolytic process, the identity of the enzyme(s) responsible remains obscure. PMID- 6799008 TI - A comparison between vitamin K-dependent carboxylase from normal and warfarin treated cows. AB - Detergent-solubilized microsomal preparations that catalyse the vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in peptide and protein substrates, have been obtained from the livers of normal and warfarin-treated cows. The preparations from warfarin-treated animals contained more endogenous substrate than those from normal cows, but otherwise the two preparations were indistinguishable. The enzymes vitamin K reductase and gamma-glutamyl carboxylase, may function independently of each other in this system. They are, nevertheless, intimately linked in some way, so that the reduced vitamin K that is produced by the former enzyme can be used immediately by the latter. PMID- 6799010 TI - Effects of short photoperiod on pituitary and testicular function in the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus. PMID- 6799009 TI - On the prediction of epileptic seizures. AB - In 12 epileptic patients suffering from "absences" 8-channel EEG was recorded by telemetry. The autoregressive model was applied to the signal and the prediction coefficients being the basis for calculation of the poles of the predictor. The location of the poles in the z- and s-planes was described as a function of time for 0.1 s steps along the pre-seizure EEG. In 10 of the 12 patients, and in 25 of the 28 recorded seizures this presentation of the poles of the predictor showed specific pattern linked with the occurrence of the seizure. The trajectory of the "most mobile pole" during the pre-seizure period could aid in the prediction of the seizure by several seconds. PMID- 6799011 TI - Cellular uptake of L-lactate in mouse diaphragm. AB - Early uptake curves of L-lactate and of mannitol were measured in quartered, incubated mouse diaphragms. Uptake was determined at 15, 30, and 45 s for various concentrations of lactate in the external solution as well as in the presence and absence of the competitive inhibitor of lactate transport, alpha-cyano-4 hydroxycinnimate. In normal preparations, when the external lactate concentration was 10 mM or less, the ratio of lactate-to mannitol space in the tissue was 1.7. This value was nearly independent of time and of external concentration. In normal preparations, when the external lactate concentration was greater than 10 mM, the ratio of lactate-to-mannitol space rose with time. At a fixed time, however, this ratio fell with increasing lactate concentration. In the inhibited preparations, the ratio of lactate-to-mannitol space rose with time at all concentrations. When lactate concentration was greater than 5 mM, this ratio was independent of the external concentration. The results suggest that there are two modes of lactate entry into these muscle cells. Entry can occur by means of a saturable system. When external lactate concentration is low, entry rates for this process are rapid compared with diffusional rates. This system probably saturates at concentrations near 10 mM and can facilitate transport in either direction. In addition, an appreciable passive leak is present. This leak accounts for about one fourth of the membrane transfer when external lactate is low, but is equal to the carrier transfer when lactate concentration is 30 mM. A model was developed to describe the entry of a permeating solute, such as lactate, into an isolated tissue. PMID- 6799012 TI - The affinity of fluorescent labeled fibrinogen to the vessel wall as seen by vital microscopy. PMID- 6799013 TI - Measurement of swelling pressure in cartilage and comparison with the osmotic pressure of constituent proteoglycans. PMID- 6799014 TI - [Effect of diacarb on the carbonic anhydrase activity in the blood and gastric mucosa and pepsinogen concentration in the gastric mucosa of the rat]. AB - It was established that the activity of blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase increased after the introduction of food irritant (milk) into the stomach, as well as after the subcutaneous injection of histamine. This was accompanied by the increase of pepsinogen content in the gastric mucosa. When introduced into the stomach before the food irritant or histamine, acetazolamide inhibited blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase and reduced the content of pepsinogen in the gastric mucosa. Oral administration of acetazolamide for 5 days resulted in a more remarkable inhibition of blood and gastric mucosa carboanhydrase and in a drastically reduced content of pepsinogen in the gastric mucosa. The rate of pepsinogen biosynthesis by the gastric mucosa seems to depend on the activity of carboanhydrase in blood and in the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6799015 TI - A case of weak blood group B expression (Bm) associated with abnormal blood group galactosyltransferase. AB - The mechanisms of unusually weak A and B blood group expressions have not been well understood. Since the human blood group A and B substances are produced by the action of blood group GalNAc transferase and Gal transferase, respectively, the mechanism may be elucidated by examining the properties of the blood group transferases and membranes of the subjects with the abnormality. We examined a case associated with very weak B activity in red blood cells, an absence of the B agglutinin in serum, and an existence of the H and B substances in saliva, i.e., a case commonly classified as Bm. More than 85% of H sites remained unglycosylated in the subject's red cell membranes. The blood group Gal transferase activity in the subject's plasma and red cell membranes was about 50% of that of normal. The pH-activity profile and the Michaelis constants for UDP Gal and 2'-fucosyllactose of the subject's enzyme were distinctively different from that of normal enzyme. These findings led us to conclude that the weak B activity in the present Bm case was due to a direct mutation in B gene resulting in formation of variant B enzyme with low affinity to UDP-Gal and insufficient galactosylation of H sites in the subject. PMID- 6799016 TI - Subcellular localization of 111In in human and rabbit platelets. AB - In order to examine the subcellular distribution of 111In in 111In-oxine-labeled human and rabbit platelets, we employed a hypothetical grain technique of EM autoradiography analysis. The results indicate that in the rabbit 111In was concentrated within the platelet dense bodies, particularly when the platelets had been labeled in a plasma-free system. Under comparable conditions of labeling, human platelets appeared to accumulate almost all the radiolabel within the cytosol. Using inhibitors of 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT) uptake, i.e., cloimipramine, ouabain, sodium fluoride, p-chloromercuribenzoate, and reserpine, we were unable to demonstrate an active uptake process in either species. Both collagen and thrombin were able to cause dose-dependent release of radioactivity from the labeled rabbit platelets only. In the case of collagen, this mimicked endogenous 5-HT release and was inhibited by indomethacin. These results and their implications are discussed. PMID- 6799017 TI - Enrichment for CFU-C from murine and human bone marrow using soybean agglutinin. AB - Mouse bone marrow and spleen cells agglutinated by soybean agglutinin (SBA) or peanut agglutinin (PNA) were previously shown to be enriched for spleen colony forming cells (CFU-S) and sufficiently depleted of graft-versus-host reaction producing cells to allow hematologic reconstitution of lethally irradiated allogeneic recipient mice. A similar enrichment for cells capable of forming colonies in soft agar culture (CFU-C) has now been found in the SBA-agglutinated fraction of mouse bone marrow cells, in contrast to the finding that in human bone marrow the majority of the CFU-C are in the fraction not agglutinated by SBA. Cytofluorometric studies with fluorescein-labeled SBA (FITC-SBA) revealed that the majority of both mouse and human bone marrow cells bind the lectin. Experiments mixing the human marrow fractions separated by SBA reveal that true enrichment for CFU-C is achieved in the unagglutinated fraction, as opposed to a possible depletion of a suppressor cell population. Granulocytic, monocytic, and mixed cell colonies were all enriched in the SBA-unagglutinated cell fraction from human bone marrow. PMID- 6799018 TI - Prophylaxis of haemorrhagic cystitis due to cyclophosphamide-conditioning for bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6799019 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on the metabolic rates of mourning doves exposed to low ambient temperatures. PMID- 6799020 TI - PCB residues in Mercenaria mercenaria from New Bedford Harbor, 1978. PMID- 6799021 TI - Uptake of polychlorobiphenyls present in trace amounts from dried municipal sewage sludge through an old field ecosystem. PMID- 6799023 TI - Comparative responses of Lilium longiflorum, cv, "Ace" pollen to aflatoxins B1, B2, and G1. PMID- 6799022 TI - Biodegradation of Aroclor 1221 type PCBs in sewage wastewater. PMID- 6799024 TI - Glucocorticoids as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6799025 TI - Glucocorticoids, lungs and prostaglandins. PMID- 6799026 TI - Pulmonary biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandins and related substances. PMID- 6799027 TI - Pulmonary metabolism of prostaglandins and related compounds. PMID- 6799028 TI - Arachidonic acid responses in the lung. PMID- 6799029 TI - [Physiology of eye movements for visual stabilization]. PMID- 6799031 TI - Delayed puberty. AB - Delayed puberty is the cause of much distress to adolescents and with modern techniques it is possible to arrive at a therapy-orientated diagnosis in the majority of instances. A relatively wide choice of therapeutic interventions is now available and may be employed, even in endocrinologically normal patients, if the situation warrants. In such patients, ther duration of therapy is very short. In patients with pathological causes of delayed puberty, the aim must be to reproduce the normal pubertal changes over the normal span of time and large doses of sex steroids should not be used early in the induction of puberty. PMID- 6799030 TI - Chagas' disease seroepidemiology in the area of the future Yacyreta-Apipe hydroelectric dam in Corrientes Province, Argentina. PMID- 6799032 TI - Lithium continuation therapy following electroconvulsive therapy. AB - Thirty-eight depressed patients who were treated with ECT were randomly assigned to receive lithium therapy or identical-looking placebo tablets for one year after clinical recovery in a double-blind trial. The patients who received placebo tablets spent an average of 7.8 weeks with an episode of depression (either as in-patients or day-patients) during the year. In comparison, patients who received lithium spent on average 1.7 weeks with an episode (P less than 0.02). The trial confirms the high rate of relapses after ECT and suggests that lithium considerably reduces this morbidity. It is suggested that ECT without continuation therapy is not a satisfactory treatment of depressive illness. PMID- 6799033 TI - Reform of mental health legislation. PMID- 6799034 TI - Milwaukee shoulder. PMID- 6799035 TI - Social drinking and drugs. PMID- 6799036 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in premature babies. PMID- 6799037 TI - Removal of lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6799038 TI - Histopathology reporting in large-bowel cancer. PMID- 6799039 TI - Safe dental anaesthesia. PMID- 6799040 TI - Smoking and drinking by middle-aged British men: effects of social class and town of residence. AB - In 7735 men aged 40-59, selected at random from general practices in 24 towns throughout Britain, pronounced differences were noted in the prevalences of smoking and drinking between the social classes. Social class differences also existed for frequency and quantity of drinking, type of beverage, and several aspects of smoking behaviour. Increasing amounts of smoking were associated with higher prevalences of moderate to heavy drinking, particularly in daily rather than weekend drinkers. Between drinking groups, however, the relation with smoking was more U-shaped, with light and heavy drinkers smoking more than moderate drinkers. The lowest rates of moderate to heavy smoking were observed in frequent light drinkers, particularly in the nonmanual workers. The proportion of moderate to heavy drinkers was no higher among ex-cigarette smokers than among current smokers. When the data were examined by town of residence social class differences persisted. Controlling for social class still showed pronounced differences between towns in both smoking and drinking behaviour. These data confirm that town of residence and social class have independent effects on smoking and drinking. The established regional and social class differences in cardiovascular disease may be due in part to the independent influences of town and social class on smoking and drinking behaviour. PMID- 6799042 TI - Continuous positive airway pressure in bronchiolitis. AB - Over five years 23 infants with evidence of respiratory insufficiency due to bronchiolitis were managed with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). This was applied through either a short nasal cannula (14 patients) or an endotracheal tube (nine patients). Clinical improvement was seen in all patients, and there were significant falls in mean respiratory and pulse rates and pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2). Seven infants with PCO2 values exceeding 8.0 KPa (60.2 mm Hg) responded particularly well. CPAP is effective in bronchiolitis, and when applied by the nasal route it is relatively free from complications. PMID- 6799043 TI - Death due to overdose of nefopam. PMID- 6799044 TI - Re-emergence of bullous impetigo. PMID- 6799041 TI - Colonisation of babies and their families by group B streptococci. AB - A high incidence of group B streptococcal disease of the newborn in West Berkshire led to a prospective study of the condition. Cultures taken from 1090 babies shortly after birth showed that 65 (6%) were colonised with the streptococcus. Thirty of these babies were assigned to group 1. Bacteriological samples were taken from babies and mothers at birth and at four, eight, and 12 weeks, and also from fathers and siblings. Fifty uncolonised babies and their families were similarly studied and served as controls (group 2). In group 1,28 of the 30 mothers and 14 of the 28 fathers examined were colonised by group B streptococci. In group 2 the streptococci were isolated from three babies, 12 mothers, and 11 out of 45 fathers during follow-up. These findings suggest that group B streptococci are carried predominantly in the lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Most families are lightly colonised, but in others maternal colonisation is stable and heavy and the incidence of paternal colonisation high. Results of serotyping suggest that sexual transmission occurs, which may explain the difficulty in eradicating the organism during pregnancy. PMID- 6799045 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-week-old infant. PMID- 6799047 TI - A general practice expands. PMID- 6799046 TI - Diagnosing arthritis. PMID- 6799048 TI - Interesting GPs of the past: George Stebbing: 1749-1825. PMID- 6799049 TI - Survey of sickle-cell disease in England and Wales. AB - The incidence and the clinical course of patients suffering from sickle-cell syndrome (Hb SS; Hb SC; Hb S thal) in England and Wales are not known. In 1979 an ad hoc committee was formed to investigate these problems. Initially, a questionnaire was sent to 227 haematologists in England and Wales to determine the number of cases in these countries. The replies have indicated that 1367 cases were seen in 1978 and 1979. Probably this may represent only half the total number of cases. From this survey it has been possible to draw up a composite map showing the location of patients, which has provided a basis to determine the clinical course of the disease, and for further studies into the complications and management of sickle-cell disease in England and Wales. From a second questionnaire preliminary data about the general management and mortality in England and Wales have been recorded. PMID- 6799050 TI - Acetazolamide and symptomatic metabolic acidosis in mild renal failure. PMID- 6799051 TI - Dental anaesthesia: two working parties. PMID- 6799053 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6799052 TI - Paediatricians and the law. PMID- 6799056 TI - Primary health care in residential homes for the elderly. PMID- 6799054 TI - Treatment of erythema multiforme secondary to herpes simplex by prophylactic topical acyclovir. PMID- 6799055 TI - Acute viral encephalitis. PMID- 6799058 TI - Dental health in patients susceptible to infective endocarditis. PMID- 6799059 TI - Gonorrhoea presenting as "sterile" pyuria. PMID- 6799057 TI - Amoebic liver abscess. PMID- 6799060 TI - Hepatitis in pregnancy. PMID- 6799061 TI - Aspiration around high-volume, low-pressure endotracheal cuff. PMID- 6799062 TI - A further hazard of ventilation. PMID- 6799063 TI - Megadose vitamin C and metabolic effects of the pill. PMID- 6799064 TI - Therapeutic embolisation. PMID- 6799065 TI - Azathioprine-induced shock. PMID- 6799066 TI - Tricyclic antidepressant poisoning and prolonged external cardiac massage during asystole. PMID- 6799067 TI - Transdermal drug administration--a nuisance becomes an opportunity. PMID- 6799068 TI - Haematology in developing countries. PMID- 6799069 TI - Outlook for hip replacement. PMID- 6799070 TI - Specific heart disease in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6799072 TI - Will breast self-examination save lives? PMID- 6799071 TI - Motor neuron(e) disease. PMID- 6799073 TI - Cognitive therapy for depression. PMID- 6799074 TI - Guided transtracheal distal pulmonary brushing-washing: diagnosing acute pneumonia in high-risk patients. AB - Transtracheal brushing-washing of distal pulmonary lesions was performed in 20 patients. Specimens were obtained by brushing and washing through a catheter placed in the pulmonary lesion with the aid of a guide. In nine patients pathogenic organisms were isolated. In the other 11 patients infectious studies of the specimens were negative, five of the patients (true-negatives) showing no infection and six (false-negatives) showing infection. Serious complications were uncommon, but one patient, who had diffuse intravascular coagulation, died. This procedure seems to represent an advance over transtracheal aspiration and is an effective alternative to such invasive methods are transthoracic lung aspiration and pulmonary biopsy. PMID- 6799075 TI - Family study of antipyrine clearance. AB - Antipyrine clearance was measured in 208 healthy volunteers from 78 families. After the values had been corrected for weight and sex, antipyrine clearance was observed to be significantly correlated between siblings (r = 0.590) and between spouses (r = 0.320), but not between parents and their offspring. After the clearance values had been corrected for tobacco and oral contraceptive use, there was still no significant correlation between parents and offspring. These results are incompatible with the hypothesis that antipyrine clearance is primarily determined by genetic factors and indicate that environmental influences predominate. PMID- 6799076 TI - Serum retinol and the inverse relationship between serum cholesterol and cancer. AB - Several human studies have shown an inverse relation between vitamin A intake (and serum concentrations of retinol and carotene) and cancer. Serum cholesterol concentrations have also been reported in inverse relation to cancer. In a study of 3102 people in Evans County, Georgia, who were followed for over 12-14 years to assess the incidence of cancer there was an inverse association between the risk of cancer and both serum retinol and serum cholesterol concentrations. The data also showed an unexpectedly strong correlation between serum retinol and total cholesterol concentrations. The inverse relationship with cancer was stronger with serum retinol than with cholesterol, which suggested that the association with cholesterol might be secondary. This suggestion may also explain the cholesterol-cancer association reported in several other cohort studies. Further studies of the relation between serum concentrations of cholesterol, retinol, and carotene and the incidence of cancer are needed. PMID- 6799078 TI - Sinus arrest during treatment with amiodarone. PMID- 6799077 TI - One year's treatment with propranolol after myocardial infarction: preliminary report of Norwegian multicentre trial. AB - A prospective, randomised, double-blind study was performed to compare the effects of propranolol and placebo on sudden cardiac death in a high-risk group of patients who survived acute myocardial infarction. Altogether 4929 patients with definite acute myocardial infarction were screened for inclusion: 574 (11.6%) died before randomisation, and 3795 (77%) were excluded. Five hundred and sixty patients aged 35 to 70 years were stratified into two risk groups and randomly assigned treatment with propranolol 40 mg four times a day or placebo. Treatment started four to six days after the infarction. By one year there had been 11 sudden deaths in the propranolol group and 23 in the placebo group (p less than 0.038, two-tailed test analysed according to the "intention-to-treat" principle). Altogether there were 25 deaths in the propranolol group and 37 in the placebo group (P less than 0.12), with 16 and 21 non-fatal reinfarctions respectively. A quarter of the patients were withdrawn from each group. Withdrawal because of heart failure during the first two weeks of treatment was significantly more common among propranolol-treated patients than among the controls, but thereafter the withdrawal rate was the same. The significant reduction in sudden death was comparable with that after alprenolol, practolol, and timolol, which suggests that the mechanism of prevention is beta-blockade rather than any other pharmacological property of the individual drugs. PMID- 6799079 TI - Alveolitis after treatment with amiodarone. PMID- 6799080 TI - Epileptiform seizures and electroencephalographic abnormalities as manifestations of digoxin toxicity. PMID- 6799081 TI - "Home brew" compared with commercial preparation for enteral feeding. PMID- 6799082 TI - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and benoxaprofen. PMID- 6799083 TI - Practice Research. Computerisation--the choice. PMID- 6799085 TI - Joint Working Party on training for obstetrics and gynaecology: recommendations. PMID- 6799084 TI - Partnership of 10 doctors. PMID- 6799086 TI - Treatment of epilepsy: whose right is it anyway? PMID- 6799087 TI - Outside Europe. Who runs the hospitals? PMID- 6799089 TI - Aspects of male mortality. PMID- 6799088 TI - Reversible causes of altered consciousness after spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage. PMID- 6799090 TI - Alcohol in the Third World: a chance to avoid a miserable trap. PMID- 6799092 TI - Indian childhood cirrhosis. PMID- 6799093 TI - Management of gastroenteritis at home. PMID- 6799094 TI - Meal frequency and duration of overnight fast: a role in gall-stone formation? PMID- 6799091 TI - Oxygen in the home. PMID- 6799096 TI - Microbiology of pyogenic liver abscess. PMID- 6799095 TI - Diagnosis of jaundice. PMID- 6799097 TI - Mechanical intestinal obstruction. PMID- 6799098 TI - Seasonal fluctuations in serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6799099 TI - Intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 6799101 TI - Shrapnel presenting with symptoms 62 years after wounding. PMID- 6799100 TI - Lithium treatment and preoperative fluid deprivation. PMID- 6799102 TI - Hyperkalaemic cardiac arrhythmia caused by potassium citrate mixture. PMID- 6799103 TI - Interaction of indomethacin and warfarin. PMID- 6799104 TI - Assessment of iron stores in inflammation by assay of serum ferritin concentrations. PMID- 6799106 TI - Anthrax surveillance 1961-80. PMID- 6799105 TI - Clinical value of serum immunoreactive trypsin concentration. PMID- 6799107 TI - Crying wolf on drug safety. PMID- 6799108 TI - Episiotomy. PMID- 6799109 TI - Children's accidents. PMID- 6799110 TI - Effect of transplantation on non-renal effects of renal failure. PMID- 6799111 TI - Preoperative prediction of significant coronary artery disease in patients with valvular heart disease. AB - A prognostic index for predicting significant coronary artery disease was established using multiple logistic regression analysis of clinical data from 643 patients with valvular heart disease who had undergone routine coronary arteriography before valve replacement. The index or equation obtained incorporated the presence of angina, a family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, cigarette smoking habits, mitral valve disease, sex, and electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction. The equation was validated using prospective data from 387 patients with valvular disease and shown to enable almost a third of routine coronary arteriograms to be omitted while maintaining 95% sensitivity for patients with coronary artery disease. Similar analysis of the more detailed prospective data produced a second discriminant function incorporating diastolic blood pressure, total cigarettes smoked in life, the severity of angina, family history of ischaemic heart disease, age, current cigarette smoking habits, and the ratio of total to high density lipoprotein cholesterol. This method improved the discrimination between patients with and without coronary artery disease, allowing omission of 30% of routine coronary arteriograms with 100% sensitivity for patients with coronary disease and omission of 41% with a 96% sensitivity level. PMID- 6799112 TI - Assessment of cardiac risk 10 days after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. AB - A total of 188 patients with uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction (long-term Norris prognostic index 3.2) were rapidly mobilised, underwent a symptom-limited exercise test around the day of discharge from hospital (day 10), and returned to work at a median of six weeks after the acute event. The incidence of cardiac death six months, one year, and three years after infarction was 2.7%, 4.5%, and 7.3% respectively, and the corresponding figures for recurrent heart attacks were 3.4%, 8.2%, and 18.5% respectively. The risk of recurrence of heart attack was predicted by three variables assessed at discharge--namely, a history of classical effort angina (p less than 0.01), radiological heart failure (p less than 0.05), and angina induced by the exercise test (p less than 0.05). The presence of any of these risk factors defined a group of patients with a sevenfold risk of recurrent heart attacks within six months of the initial acute infarct. It is concluded that these risk factors identify a group of patients with a high risk of recurrence early after infarction, in whom vigorous secondary prophylaxis is desirable. PMID- 6799113 TI - Clostridium difficile in association with sporadic diarrhoea. AB - A total of 154 patients admitted to an infectious diseases unit were included in a year's prospective survey of sporadic diarrhoeal disease. Stools from 19 of them yielded Clostridium difficile, generally on more than one occasion. Twelve of these patients were assessed as having a severe or moderately severe gastrointestinal illness: Cl difficile was the only pathogen isolated from 10 of them, and two had an associated salmonella infection. Seven had had a recent course of antibiotics, but five had not taken antibiotics. Faeces from seven patients with moderate or mild gastrointestinal illness yielded Cl difficile, and two of these patients also had an associated salmonella infection. Two patients in this group had no antibiotic history. From these findings, the occurrence of C difficile in faeces could not be described as antibiotic-associated. Faecal Cl difficile cytotoxin was detected in only six patients, and generally at low levels. In such patients a more relevant pathogenic index might take account of the numbers of Cl difficile present and of their toxigenic potential. PMID- 6799114 TI - Discharge of preterm babies from neonatal units. PMID- 6799116 TI - Has the rising incidence of Crohn's disease reached a plateau? PMID- 6799115 TI - Medical nephrectomy with anti-inflammatory non-steroidal drugs. PMID- 6799120 TI - Unusual cause of atrial fibrillation. PMID- 6799118 TI - Multiple use of ordinary disposable syringes for insulin injections. PMID- 6799119 TI - Smoking reduces insulin absorption from subcutaneous tissue. PMID- 6799117 TI - Discrepancy in results from three guaiacum resin tests. PMID- 6799121 TI - Disagreement among general practitioners regarding cause of death. PMID- 6799122 TI - Partnerships can be fun. PMID- 6799126 TI - How good are articles on adverse drug reactions? AB - A study was carried out of the quality and completeness of articles on adverse drug reactions: 5737 articles from 80 countries published between 1972 and 1979 were studied. Only 61% of the articles included information on the number of patients treated and the number with adverse drug reactions, yet these are essential for calculating the incidence of adverse reactions. In only 55% could the incidence of a particular adverse reaction be calculated. Great importance is placed on articles on adverse reactions, particularly those that report on many patients. Authors and editors should ensure that articles include the following information: drug regimens, numbers of patients treated, numbers of patients developing adverse reactions, and nature and incidence of adverse reactions. PMID- 6799125 TI - Validity of anecdotal reports of suspected adverse drug reactions: the problem of false alarms. AB - Suspected adverse drug reactions first reported in 1963 in the "British Medical Journal," the "Lancet," the "Journal of the American Medical Association," and the "New England Journal of Medicine" were reviewed 18 years later to assess their initial validity and subsequent verification. Of 52 first reports, five were deliberate investigations into potential or predictable reactions, and in each case causality was reasonably established; the other 47 reports were essentially anecdotal. Of these 47 reports, 14 related to categories of adverse reaction where false-positive reports were unlikely: immediate reactions, local reactions, and known reactions caused by a different mode of administration or a brand previously thought or claimed to be safe. The problem of false alarms rose in the remaining types of reactions: general reactions that did not occur immediately after administration and arose for the first time with a new chemical entity. Of 33 reports of such suspected adverse reactions, validity was satisfactorily established in 14 cases on the basis of rechallenge, predictability from known pharmacology, or the unique nature of the reaction. Of the remaining 19 reports, further verification still has not been satisfactorily established in 12. Seven of these possible false alarms were haematological reactions.Although 35 of the 47 anecdotal reports were clearly correct, of the 19 reports that were not reasonably validated at the time of the report, only seven were subsequently verified. This suggests that agencies monitoring adverse drug reactions should adopt criteria for assessing the validity of first reports of suspected adverse reactions. Such criteria should include: reactions on rechallenge, a pharmacological basis for the adverse reaction, immediate acute reactions, local reactions at the site of administration, reactions with a new route of administration of a drug known to provoke such reactions by another route, and the repeated occurrence of very rare events. PMID- 6799127 TI - ABC of alcohol: detection in general practice. PMID- 6799124 TI - Risks of zoonoses in a veterinary service. AB - A survey was undertaken among the veterinary staff of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food and the Institute for Research in Animal Diseases to estimate the distribution of occupationally acquired zoonoses in this population. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 1717 staff, 1625 (95%) of whom responded. It was observed that both laboratory and technical support staff were at risk from a variety of zoonotic infections, though generally to a lesser extent than veterinary surgeons. A history of injury while handling animals was reported frequently by veterinarians (45%). Accidental self injection with vaccines was also commonly reported. It is suggested that both injury from animals and accidental self-injection are associated with the risk of zoonotic infection. PMID- 6799123 TI - How women view postepisiotomy pain. AB - Episiotomy is one of the most commonly performed operative procedures and yet little information is available on the subjective reactions in the puerperium to this procedure. The present study was designed to furnish information on the attitudes of patients, levels of pain, and of course recovery by studying a consecutive series of 101 Caucasian primiparea who received episiotomies at delivery. Women were interviewed within 24 hours of delivery and then, at three months after delivery, completed a questionnaire. The high level of pain experienced was noteworthy. Labour pain and episiotomy pain were uncorrelated, indicating the importance of distinguishing between them. Several women were experiencing problems at the three-month follow-up, with some attributing these to the episiotomy repair. The data are presented in the framework of providing women in the postpartum period with systematic information on the nature of postepisiotomy pain and subsequent recovery to facilitate their adjustment. PMID- 6799128 TI - Complication of the reuse of flow-directed pulmonary artery catheters. PMID- 6799129 TI - An anachronistic treatment for asthma. PMID- 6799130 TI - Colonisation of babies and their families by group B streptococci. PMID- 6799131 TI - Fractures during ice and snow. PMID- 6799132 TI - Fractures of the carpal scaphoid. PMID- 6799133 TI - Fracture of neck of the femur. PMID- 6799136 TI - Re-emergence of bullous impetigo. PMID- 6799135 TI - Position of patient and respiratory function in immediate postoperative period. PMID- 6799134 TI - Smoking and drinking by middle-aged British men. PMID- 6799137 TI - Eosinophilia in patients undergoing dialysis. PMID- 6799138 TI - Severe metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6799140 TI - Monitoring and standards in the NHS: (2) standards. PMID- 6799139 TI - Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6799141 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Surabaya. AB - Although penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were discovered in 1976 in neighbouring countries, not until 1980 were such strains isolated and identified in Indonesia. In that year PPNG were detected in three male patients with gonococcal urethritis in Surabaya. The minimum inhibitory concentration of penicillin G for all three strains was 12 . 5 microgram/ml. PMID- 6799142 TI - Genital ulcers in Kenya. Clinical and laboratory study. AB - Of 97 patients with genital ulcers attending a special treatment clinic in Nairobi, Kenya, 60 harboured Haemophilus ducreyi, four herpes simplex virus, and five Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Eleven patients had serological evidence of syphilis; of these one case was confirmed by darkfield microscopy. In the remaining cases no aetiological agent was identified. An enriched chocolate agar with vancomycin and serum was a useful medium for primary isolation of H ducreyi. Tetracycline was generally ineffective in the treatment of ulcers, but sulfadimidine was successful in almost 80% of cases. PMID- 6799145 TI - Lincomycin versus vancomycin in New York City (NYC) medium for the cultural diagnosis of gonorrhoea. PMID- 6799144 TI - Penicillinase-producing gonococcal strains in Zambia. Observations on treatment failures. AB - Penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were detected in nine out of 27 (3.2%) treatment failures in 310 cases of acute gonococcal urethritis in men in Lusaka, Zambia. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of penicillin for 17.2% of 233 gonococcal isolates were less than or equal to 0.05 microgram/ml, for 38.2% between 0.125 and 0.25 microgram/ml, and for 46.6% greater than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml. At present the prevalence of PPNG in African countries is not known but is likely to increase rapidly unless simplified control schemes are adopted within the existing health care programmes. Endemic pockets of PPNG in a few countries can threaten worldwide efforts to control gonorrhoea. PMID- 6799146 TI - Some aspects of the use of growth promoter Zeranol in ewe lambs retained for breeding. II. Effects on reproductive tract, pituitary gland and gonadotrophin levels. PMID- 6799143 TI - In-vitro activity of 21 antimicrobial agents against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Brussels. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 21 antimicrobial agents was measured for 80 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Brussels in 1978. Bimodal distributions were found for penicillin G, ampicillin, amoxycillin, carbenicillin, and cephalexin. Of the strains, 17.5% were relatively resistant to penicillin G (MIC greater than 0.08 microgram/ml) 27.5% to ampicillin (MIC greater than 0.16 microgram/ml), 23.8% to amoxycillin, and 43.3% to carbenicillin. Cefotaxime was the most active antibiotic, with MICs in the nanogram range; 3.8% and 5% of the strains were relatively resistant to cephaloridine and cephalexin respectively, but no strains were resistant to cefazolin, cefuroxime, or cefotaxime. Resistance to tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, erythromycin, and spiramycin (MIC greater than 1 microgram/ml) was found in 6.3%, 2.5%, 5%, and 51.3% of the strains respectively. A very good correlation was present between chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol, with 16.3% and 10% of relatively resistant strains respectively. Only two isolates showed an MIC greater than 1.25 microgram/ml for rifampicin, and 10% of the strains needed greater than or equal to 12 microgram/ml of spectinomycin for complete inhibition of growth. A very high energy was found for the 20 : 1 combination of sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim, with only one isolate resistant to this combination. None of the strains tested produced beta-lactamase. PMID- 6799147 TI - Spinal projections from the mesencephalon in the toad. AB - Mesencephalic cell groups projecting to the spinal cord have been identified by means of the retrograde axonal transport of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The injections were made either in the cervical or lumbar enlargements of the toad spinal cord. Following injections in the cervical cord, labeled cells are located in the isthmus region, in the ipsilateral laminated nucleus posteroventralis tegmenti mesencephali (Potter). At more rostral levels the labeled cells are in the nucleus of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, in the nucleus interstitialis of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, in the contralateral red nucleus, in lamina six of the contralateral optic tectum, bilaterally in the nucleus of the posterior commissure and in the mesencephalic nucleus in the Vth nerve. Injections in the lumbar cord label neurons of the nucleus posteroventralis tegmenti mesencephali (Potter) and nucleus interstitialis of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis. Nuclei that had not been previously identified in anurans but which were labeled after HRP spinal injections (i.e., the nucleus interstitialis of the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis, the nucleus of the posterior commissure and the red nucleus) have been delimited in normal material in Nissl-stained transverse sections. The spinal pathways from the mesencephalon can be classified into four projections: reticulospinal, rubrospinal, tectospinal and trigeminospinal. A comparison of these descending fiber systems with homologous pathways in other vertebrate species has been made. PMID- 6799148 TI - N-n-propyl-norapomorphine: an extremely potent stimulant of dopamine autoreceptors. AB - N-n-propyl-norapomorphine (NPA) is 10-20 times more potent than apomorphine in producing hypomotility and inhibiting both striatal and limbic dopamine (DA) synthesis and the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic cells in rats. The threshold subcutaneous doses of NPA and apomorphine to significantly inhibit motor activity or DA synthesis are 1.25 and 24 microgram/kg, respectively. The intravenous ED 50 of NPA to inhibit dopaminergic firing is 0.36 microgram/kg and that for apomorphine is 9.1 microgram/kg. The above effects of NPA, as those of apomorphine, are antagonized by haloperidol and, stereospecifically by (--) sulpiride. PMID- 6799149 TI - Regional dissociation of histidyl--proline diketopiperazine (cyclo-(His--Pro)) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat brain. AB - The concentration of cyclo-(His--Pro) and its precursor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in seven different areas of rat brain using specific radioimmunoassays. Although the concentration of both of these peptides was highest in the hypothalamus, their distribution patterns in all other loci of the brain were dissimilar. These results suggest that factors in addition to TRH concentrations are important in determining the unique concentration pattern of cyclo-(His--Pro) in the brain. PMID- 6799151 TI - GABA uptake and release in purified neuronal and nonneuronal cultures from chick embryo retina. AB - Uptake and release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have been studied using glia free, purified neuronal cultures from 8-day chick embryo retina. At 3 days in vitro 65% of the neurons showed high-affinity GABA uptake. These neurons appeared heavily labeled after incubation in 5 X 10(-8) M [3H]GABA, but no labeling was detected when the incubation was carried out at 4 degrees C, or in the absence of Na+ ions. Diaminobutyric acid (DABA) also blocked completely the neuronal uptake of GABA, while beta -alanine was ineffective at similar concentrations. At 6 days in vitro Na+- and temperature-dependent GABA uptake was present in 50% of the neurons. In addition, in 80% of those neurons the uptake was insensitive to DABA or beta -alanine, whereas in the remaining 20% it was blocked by DABA but not by beta -alanine. Important developmental changes were also found in the capacity of the neurons to release GABA into the medium. Spontaneous GABA release (i.e. that taking place in regular medium, containing 5 mM K+) was higher at 3 than at 6 days in vitro. However, increasing the K+ concentration to 56 mM had minimal effects at 3 days in vitro, but induced a 2 to 3-fold increase in GABA release at 6 days in vitro. This K+-induced release appeared to be Ca2+-dependent, since it was substantially reduced the presence of 10 mM Co2+. Cultures containing a confluent monolayer of nonneuronal flat cells were generated by seeding retinal cell suspensions on poorly adhesive substrata. Retina nonneuronal cells showed, during the first 10 days in vitro, a high-affinity mechanism for GABA uptake which was Na+- and temperature-dependent, and was reduced by 85% by DABA but was practically unaffected by beta-alanine. This uptake mechanism seemed to be lost towards the end of the second week in vitro, and could not be detected after 21 days culture. PMID- 6799150 TI - The structure of cerebral cortex in the rat following prenatal administration of 6-hydroxydopamine. AB - The early, prenatal formation of noradrenergic projections to the forebrain has led to the proposition that these axons exert a trophic influence on cerebral cortex during ontogeny. To test this hypothesis, we have examined a number of different structural features of cortical development following prenatal lesions of the ascending noradrenergic axons. The parameters that were analyzed include cytoarchitecture, dendritic morphology, and the distribution of monoaminergic and nonmonoaminergic cortical afferents. Rat fetuses were administered the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) by transuterine, intraperitoneal injection on embryonic day 17. Vehicle-injected controls and fetuses treated with the catecholamine uptake inhibitor desmethylimipramine (DMI) prior to 6-OHDA were prepared. After reaching maturity (200-300 g), the brain of treated and control rats were examined using Nissl and Golgi preparations (for cytoarchitecture and dendritic morphology), histofluorescence (for monoaminergic afferents, especially dopaminergic axons), and serotonin and dopamine-beta hydroxylase (DBH) immunocytochemistry. Effective lesioning of the ascending noradrenergic system was confirmed in each case, using DBH immunocytochemistry. Prenatal treatment with 6-OHDA resulted in complete and long-lasting destruction of the noradrenergic innervation of the cerebral cortex, along with hyperinnervation of the diencephalon and brain stem. Despite the widespread denervation of cerebral cortex, no significant alterations in cytoarchitecture, dendritic morphology, or spine counts were found in treated brains. In particular, no abnormalities were observed in the apical dendrites of layer VI pyramidal cells, based on qualitative criteria. The distribution, density and morphology of serotonergic and dopaminergic afferents were unaffected. Thalamocortical afferents had developed normally as reflected by the cortical barrels. In 33% of the 6-OHDA-treated fetuses foci of ectopic neurons were found at the cortical surface. The ectopias contain neuronal processes, somata, and synapses interspersed with collagen and other connective tissue elements. While the ectopias may result from selective damage to the noradrenergic neurons, the finding of similar (but smaller) malformations in DMI-protected animals is equally consistent with a non-specific effect of 6-OHDA upon non-adrenergic cells. The examination of intervening stages will be needed to resolve this question. Based on the parameters of cortical structure analyzed in this study we conclude that the neocortex develops normally even in the absence of the noradrenergic system. PMID- 6799153 TI - [Ovarian sonography: a new way of monitoring ovulation induction treatments]. PMID- 6799152 TI - Kinetic analysis of [36Cl]-, [22Na]- and [3H]mannitol uptake into the in vivo choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid brain system: ontogeny of the blood brain and blood-CSF barriers. AB - The kinetics of penetration of radioactive [36Cl]-, [22Na]- and [3H]mannitol into the choroid plexus-CSF brain system was investigated in 1-week, 2-week and adult Sprague-Dawley rats. For adult rats (5 weeks), 36Cl and 22Na uptake by the choroid plexus of lateral ventricle (LVCP) and fourth ventricle (4VCP) resolved into a fast component (t1/2 0.02 - 0.05 h) representing isotope distribution within the extracellular and residual erythrocyte compartments, and a slow component (t1/2 0.8 - 1.9 h) representing isotope movement into the epithelial cell compartment. From steady-state distribution data, choroid cell [Cl] in both LVCP and 4VCP was calculated to be 67 mmol/kg cell H2O, a level nearly 4 times greater than that predicted by the membrane potential for passive distribution. In 1-week immature rats cell [Cl] and [Na] in the choroid plexuses were even greater than the corresponding levels in adults, probably because ion transport across the basolateral membrane is not yet coupled with ion movement from cell to CSF. In mature rats the 36Cl and 22Na uptake into the CSF resolved into 2 components (t1/2 0.18 h, fractional volume 0.24 and t1/2 1.2 h, fractional volume 0.76); however, the fast component of CSF uptake, which likely represents isotope movement across the choroid plexuses, was negligible in the 1-week animals. Permeability-surface area products (PA) were determined for the blood-CSF barrier (i.e. the choroid plexuses) as well as the blood-brain barrier (cerebral cortex and cerebellum). The PA values for 36Cl and 22Na as determined by the fast component of CSF uptake (choroid plexus secretion?) were an order of magnitude less in the 1-week rats than in adults. In contrast, the effective permeability of the blood-CSF barrier as well as the blood-brain barrier, as evaluated by changes in PA of [3H]mannitol, decreased steadily with advancing age. PMID- 6799154 TI - [Evolution of the symphyseal part of juvenile Homo sapiens mandibles from the Middle Paleolithic period: Pech de l'Aze 1, Roc de Marsal and La Chaise 13]. PMID- 6799155 TI - [Experimental reproduction of the process of alteration of the dental surface by abrasive and non-abrasive friction: application to the study of the diet of early man]. PMID- 6799156 TI - [Inhibitory effects of tamoxifen on the normal differentiation of the female gonads of the quail embryo]. AB - Early treatment of Quail eggs by tamoxifen produces a striking inhibition on normal differentiation of the female gonads. This anti-estrogen restricts cortical proliferation in the ovary while it favours the development of the medulla of both gonads. As a result their morphology and organization diverge toward a more neutral or even testicular pattern. Since tamoxifen is able to compete with the endogenous estrogens, these results underline their role in female differentiation of the Quail gonads. PMID- 6799157 TI - [Circannual rhythms in the secretion of prolactin in the Peulh ewe]. AB - Plasma prolactin was measured by radioimmunoassay in 6 bicoloured Fulani ewes for 2 consecutive years. The highest concentrations (greater than 200 ng/ml) were observed in April/May when the days were the longest and the average temperature the highest. The lowest concentrations of prolactin (less than 100 ng/ml) occurred concomitantly with the shortest days and lowest temperatures in December/January. Regression coefficients between prolactin levels and photoperiod or temperature, respectively indicated that the correlations were stronger with photoperiod than temperature. These results therefore suggest (1) that the Sahelian climate has little influence on the rhythm of prolactin secretion in the ewe, and that even slight variations in day length can stimulate prolactin secretion; and (2) that there are marked individual variations in prolactin secretion levels in response to the various levels in photoperiod. PMID- 6799158 TI - [Effects of different types of collagen on the aggregation and proliferation of bovine articular chondrocytes cultured in vitro]. AB - In the presence of different types of native collagens, particularly type III, isolated chondrocytes do not attach as usual to the plastic walls of culture flasks, but instead aggregate and form nodules and floating pellicules. Furthermore, articular chondrocytes grow differently in the absence or presence of collagen. In the presence of collagen they grow more rapidly and form nodules and large pellicules. Foetal calf and horse serum and bovine synovial fluid contain dialysable factor(s) that inhibit attachment of the cells to the culture walls, but enhance collagen-induced cell aggregation of the chondrocytes. PMID- 6799159 TI - [Quantitative relation between the spectral density of spontaneous bioelectric activity and the excitability of commissural synapses of the CA1 area of the dorsal hippocampus of conscious mice]. AB - Power spectra of the spontaneous electrical activity of CA1 field of dorsal hippocampus and the amplitude of responses evoked to commissural stimulation were compared in waking Mice. The magnitude of excitatory post-synaptic potentials was found to be positively correlated with the power in 5 and 6 Hz while this correlation became negative for 8-9 Hz. Similar, although weaker correlations were found for the population spike responses and for a late potential, suggesting that different types of modulation are involved. PMID- 6799160 TI - Cancer statistics, 1982. PMID- 6799161 TI - Cancer in young adults (ages 15 to 34). PMID- 6799163 TI - Opinion: the case for the one-step biopsy procedure for breast cancer. PMID- 6799162 TI - Today's challenge for surgical oncology. PMID- 6799164 TI - Response: the case for the two-step biopsy procedure for breast cancer. PMID- 6799167 TI - Postmastectomy lymphedema. PMID- 6799166 TI - Breast cancer in black women. PMID- 6799165 TI - Unproven methods of cancer management: O. Carl Simonton, M.D. PMID- 6799168 TI - Age-related changes in the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase in human femoral cortical bone. AB - It has previously been observed that after the third decade of life the tensile strength of bone decreases faster than its density [1], indicating that some microstructural change occurs in bone with advancing age. In order to try to elucidate this observation, the orientation and particle size of the mineral phase of bone have been studied with respect to age. Samples were taken from femora varying in age from 13 to 97 years. The results show that the degree of preferred orientation does not vary with age after the first decade of life. However, the percentage of small particles increased up to the fourth decade of life and thereafter decreased, a pattern of change similar to that observed for bone strength. It would seem to indicate that an increase in mineral particle size is a factor that contributes to the loss of bone strength and that an increased percentage of bone strength and that an increased percentage of large particles in the later years of life could, along with osteoporosis, help to explain the increased fragility in the bones of the elderly. PMID- 6799169 TI - Variations in mineral apposition rate of trabecular bone within the beagle skeleton. AB - The mineral apposition rate of trabecular bone was determined in several skeletal sites of young adult beagles. Tetracycline derivatives were administered intravenously or orally on 2 separate occasions preceding the day of sacrifice in order to label actively mineralizing bone surfaces. The rate of mineral apposition was calculated by dividing the distance between the 2 tetracycline markers by the time interval between their administration. The lumbar vertebra, proximal humerus, and pelvis, each of which contains red marrow, were found to have a significantly higher (P less than 0.001) rate of mineral apposition in trabecular bone than the skeletal sites containing yellow marrow--the proximal ulna and distal humerus. The mean apposition rate in the former 3 sites was 1.3 +/- 0.3 micrometers/day, while that in the latter 2 was 0.9 +/- 0.2 micrometers/day (uncorrected for plane of sectioning). It is tempting to speculate that this finding may be a consequence of differences in vascularity between red and yellow marrow. PMID- 6799170 TI - Bone mineral analysis of the rat femur by direct photon absorptiometry. AB - This report describes a method using direct photon absorptiometry (DPA) for determination in vivo of the bone mineral content to bone width ratio (BMC/W) in the rat femur. A significant correlation was noted between measurements by DPA and whole femur dry weight and ash weight. Measurements were reproducible within repeated determinations of both the same and successive days. Soft tissue, rotation of the femur, or slight differences in the longitudinal positioning of the femur did not significantly affect usefulness of the measurements. A significant positive correlation was seen between body weight and the femur BMC/W, indicating that the method accurately reflected expected physiological changes in bone mineral. The method is suitable for the rapid, simple, accurate, and reproducible measurement of bone mineral in the anesthetized rat and is applicable to serial measurements. PMID- 6799172 TI - Ultrastructure of differentiating preameloblasts from tooth germs of the permanent dentition of Macaca mulatta and Macaca arctoides. AB - Cytodifferentiation of inner enamel epithelium and the adjacent connective tissue from the tip of the cervical loop to the initiation of enamel elaboration in two Macaca species was examined. Ten- to twelve-month-old specimens were fixed by perfusion and the permanent tooth buds were prepared for transmission electron microscopy. At the cervical loop proper, inner enamel epithelium cells have lobed nuclei, a paucity of cytoplasm, and wide extracellular spaces; the basal lamina facing the dental papilla is straight. With increasing distance from the tip of the cervical loop, the following changes occur gradually: (a) preameloblasts elongate from 15 to 45 micrometers, and their organelles, particularly mitochondria and profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum, become more numerous; (b) extracellular spaces decrease between preameloblasts starting at the basal (infranuclear) end; (c) the basement membrane becomes convoluted and associated with aperiodic fibers; (d) preodontoblast projections penetrate the aperiodic fibers; (e) collagen fibers subjacent to the basement membrane increase in density, with particularly thick fibers paralleling the aperiodic fibers. These modifications occur within three-fourths of the distance from the tip of the cervical loop to the mineralization front. The condensation of preodontoblasts is followed immediately by predentin synthesis. Concomitantly, the basement membrane breaks down and the aperiodic fibers are engulfed by preameloblasts. Preameloblast projections penetrate junctional predentin, contact mineralized dentin, and enamel synthesis ensues. At this stage the ameloblast is 45 micrometers long, the nucleus is central or basal, the Golgi apparatus has migrated apically, but the Tomes' process has not yet formed. The results indicate that odontogenesis in Macaca monkeys more closely resembles human odontogenesis than does that in the murine rodents. PMID- 6799171 TI - A mixed packing model for bone collagen. AB - A wide variety of physical properties, including sonic velocity, dimensional changes between wet and dried stages, anisotropy of the tissue properties, density, X-ray diffraction, differential microcalorimetry, dielectric constant, and composition (water, mineral, organic content) for the mineralized and demineralized tissue was used to develop a model for the superlattice structure of bone collagen. A mixed model is suggested where the collagen molecules are in register as in SLS type of aggregation within the microfibril, and the microfibrils are staggered in D unit steps according to the Hodge-Petruska scheme. A square packing model with 4 or more molecules per microfibril best fits the HP scheme with the effective molecular diameter of the wet collagen molecule, and allows for the regular array of axial gap filling microcrystallites of 5 nm or larger diameter. It is concluded that: 1. Macroscopic dimensional changes of adult bovine bone matrix closely match molecular dimensional changes of collagen superlattice. 2. Effective molecular diameter of dry collagen is 1.09 nm and that of wet bone collagen is 1.42-1.45 nm. 3. Water layer of the wet bone collagen molecule is 0.16 nm thick. 4. Water in the bone collagen molecule is distributed in 5 regimes much like in the tendon collagen molecule. 5. "Hidden" water, 0.10 g water per dry collagen of regimes I and II, is within the triple helix. 6. "External" water incorporated in the collagen molecule provides transition between the highly structured collagen molecule and the intermolecular medium. 7. Water incorporated in the mineralized bone collagen molecule is less than in demineralized bone matrix. 8. For adult bovine cortical bone, 25% by volume is water, 32% dry organic, 43% mineral; 28% by volume of the mineral is axial gap filling, 58% radial intrafibrillar, and 14% radial extrafibrillar. PMID- 6799173 TI - Effects of excess vitamin E on rat teeth. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to determine if the feeding of excess vitamin E during tooth formation changes the mineral content of teeth. Purified diets containing 0, 250, and 2500 IU vitamin E per kg were fed to 15-day pregnant rats and continued during lactation and to the pups after weaning. Rats were killed at 2 and 4 weeks after weaning. Incisors and molars were weighed, ashed, and the percent of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus was determined. Feeding of excess vitamin E (2500 IU/kg diet) had no deleterious effect on percent ash or mineral composition of rat teeth. In fact, molars from rats fed excess vitamin E had slightly higher calcium and phosphorus levels. Such differences were also apparent but to a lesser extent in the dentin and enamel composition. PMID- 6799175 TI - Radiographic evidence of disuse osteoporosis in the monkey (M. nemestrina). AB - Radiological techniques were utilized for monitoring progressive changes in compact bone in the tibia of monkeys during experimentally induced osteopenia. Bone mass loss in the tibia during restraint was evaluated from radiographs, from bone mineral analysis, and from images reconstructed from gamma ray computerized tomography. The losses during 6 months of restraint tended to occur predominantly in the proximal tibia and were characterized by subperiosteal bone loss, intracortical striations, and scalloped endosteal surfaces. Bone mineral content in the cross section of the tibia declined 17-21%. Tomography demonstrated endosteal widening and reduced mineral content per unit of thickness of cortical bone. In 6 months of recovery, the mineral content of the proximal tibia remained depressed. Effects of the dynamic environment on local-regional changes in various skeletal areas are discussed. PMID- 6799174 TI - Immobilization osteoporosis and active vitamin D: effect of active vitamin D analogs on the development of immobilization osteoporosis in rats. AB - The therapeutic effects of vitamin D analogs, 1,24(R)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24(R)-(OH)2D3], 1,24(S)-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,24-(S)(OH)2D3], and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] on immobilization osteoporosis were studied in rats. The right hind limb was immobilized through application of a plaster cast following the section of the sciatic nerve. The left hind limb was intact. Vitamin D analogs were orally administered for 6 weeks at dose levels of 0.02 and 0.10 micrograms/kg/day, respectively. The mean lengths of the immobilized femurs were not significantly different from those of the intact femurs in all the experimental groups. In the immobilized femur of animals treated with 1,24(R)(OH)2D3, 0.10 micrograms/kg, dry and ash weights were heavier and calcium and phosphorus contents greater than those in the nontreated group. Furthermore, the amount of calcified bone mass and the cortical thickness of the femurs of the immobilized limb in 1,24(OH)2D3-treated animals were greater than those in the nontreated animals. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 at 0.10 micrograms/kg caused an increase of the bone mass in both immobilized and intact femurs when compared with those of the control group. It was concluded that the administration of 1,24(R)(OH)2D3 diminished the effect of immobilization in the development of osteoporosis without any side effects. PMID- 6799176 TI - Interaction between 24R,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on 45Ca release from bone in vitro. AB - Interaction among vitamin D3 metabolites on bone receptor sites is not known. Therefore, interaction between the most potent vitamin D3 metabolite, 1,25(OH)2D3, and the most abundant dihydroxymetabolite, 24R,25(OH)2D3, was studied on isolated rat fetal bone by measuring 45Ca release from prelabeled bones. 24R,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations of 10-50 ng/ml caused marked inhibition of the bone-resorbing activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 at concentrations of 10-50 pg/ml. 24S,25(OH)2 (unnatural enantiometer), on the other hand, at a concentration of 100 ng/ml did not inhibit the bone-resorbing effect of 10 pg/ml 1,25(OH)2D3. 24R,25(OH)2D3 at a concentration of 20 ng/ml did not inhibit the 45Ca-releasing effect of a submaximal concentration of PTH (500 ng/ml). Therefore, the inhibitory effect of 24R,25(OH)2D3 on the bone response to 1,25(OH)2D3 appeared to be specific and probably due to a competitive inhibitory effect. In addition, the inhibitory effect of 24R,25(OH)2D3 was weak, since it could be partially overcome by increasing the concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6799177 TI - Increased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 synthesis in rats fed a high-phosphorus diet. AB - Rats fed vitamin D-deficient diets containing 0.6% Ca and 0.3%, 0.6%, 1.2%, or 1.8% P exhibited progressive increments of hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. In vitro assay of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1-alpha-hydroxylase (1-alpha-hydroxylase) activity in isolated kidney cortical mitochondria showed that hyperphosphatemia in the presence of hypocalcemia was associated with an increase in enzyme activity. The results indicate that the stimulation of 1-alpha-hydroxylase associated with depressed plasma Ca in rats fed a high-P diet overrides any inhibition of the enzyme that may be caused by excess plasma phosphate. PMID- 6799178 TI - Defective macrophage chemotaxis in osteopetrotic mice. PMID- 6799179 TI - Arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference in children under halothane anaesthesia. AB - Using blood gas determinations and capnography, the relationship between arterial and end-tidal PCO2 was investigated in 20 children under halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration. A median arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide tension difference of 0.66 kPa (5 mm Hg) was found. There was a close correlation between PaCO2 and the magnitude of the carbon dioxide difference. Our findings may largely be explained by an increase in VD/VT (presumably mainly due to a reduction of VT) causing admixture of dead space air throughout expiration. It is concluded that though end-tidal carbon dioxide does not exactly reflect PaCO2 capnography may be of value as a monitor of respiration in paediatric anaesthesia at normal or near-normal values of end-tidal carbon dioxide. PMID- 6799183 TI - Transcatheter intraarterial infusion of chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer. AB - Bilateral internal iliac artery infusion of chemotherapeutic agents in patients with advanced bladder carcinoma, Stage D, resulted in a 50% response or greater in nine of 15 patients with a median survival, thus far, of 52 weeks. Hematuria was controlled in eight of ten patients, and pain was relieved in 12 of 15 patients. Three additional patients were treated as adjuvants after their residual tumor was removed surgically or irradiated before chemotherapy. Cis diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was infused at a dose of 80--120 mg/m2 over a 24 hour period. When CDDP failed or in the presence of impaired renal function, a combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) infused intraarterially while Adriamycin and mitomycin C were delivered intravenously, salvaged two patients. Complications were tolerable, consisting of transient acute tubular necrosis in two patients, a lower extremity embolus in one, and skin reactions due to 5-FU in two patients. PMID- 6799181 TI - Coronary artery spasm as a manifestation of anaphylactoid reaction to iodinated contrast material. PMID- 6799185 TI - Four nurses talk about dying and death in a long term care setting. PMID- 6799182 TI - Studies with a safflower oil emulsion in total parenteral nutrition. AB - The prevention of essential fatty acid deficiency and the provision of adequate amounts of energy are two major concerns in total parenteral nutrition. Since earlier preparations of fat emulsion used to supplement the usual regimen of hypertonic glucose and amino acids have widely varying clinical acceptability, a new product, a safflower oil emulsion available in two concentrations (Liposyn), was evaluated. In four clinical trials the emulsion was used as a supplement to total parenteral nutrition. In five surgical patients 500 ml of the 10% emulsion infused every third day prevented or corrected essential fatty acid deficiency; however, in some cases in infusion every other day may be necessary. In 40 patients in severe catabolic states the emulsion provided 30% to 50% of the energy required daily: 10 patients received the 10% emulsion for 14 to 42 days, 9 patients received each emulsion in turn for 7 days, and 21 patient received the 20% emulsion for 14 to 28 days. All the patients survived and tolerated the lipid well; no adverse clinical effects were attributable to the lipid infusions. Transient mild, apparently clinically insignificant abnormalities in the results of one or more liver function tests and eosinophilia were observed in some patients. Thus, the safflower oil emulsion, at both concentrations, was safe and effective as a source of 30% to 50% of the energy required daily by seriously ill patients. PMID- 6799184 TI - Vincristine inhibits the synthesis of malondialdehyde by human platelets in vitro. AB - When platelet-rich plasma was preincubated with vincristine, a depression in malondialdehyde production was seen when compared with saline controls. Colchicine caused an increase in malondialdehyde production. If prostaglandins are important in tumor-cell metabolism, then vincristine might exert some of its cytotoxic effect by depressing prostaglandin production. PMID- 6799186 TI - Multistep origin of tumor-forming ability in Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast cells. AB - Twenty-one anchorage-independent subclones and ten subclones with reduced serum requirements were isolated as single-step mutants spontaneously or after ethylmethanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of CHEF/18 diploid Chinese hamster embryo fibroblasts. Anchorage-independent mutants retain the high serum requirement and nontransformed morphology typical of CHEF/18. Only four of 21 anchorage mutants have spontaneously produced tumors when injected at 10(7)/site in nude mice, and these were only at a fraction of sites. Low-serum (LS) mutants acquire transformed morphology and increased anchorage-independent growth simultaneously with the loss of high-serum requirement. Only two of ten LS mutants have spontaneously produced tumors. However, when some anchorage and LS mutants were remutagenized and when mutagenized populations were injected into nude mice, tumors appeared at many of the injected sites. In contrast, untreated CHEF/18 cells have never given tumors(0 of 34 sites), and mutagenized DHEF/18 cells have given tumors at only three of 29 sites. These results demonstrate that malignant transformation is a multistep process in the Chinese hamster embryo fibroblast system. Most one-step mutants selected for anchorage independence or reduced serum requirements do not have tumor-forming potentials higher than that of the parent CHEF/18. Thus anchorage-independent and LS phenotypes per se do not account for the increase in tumor-forming potential. It is proposed that the genomic rearrangement process as well as specific mutations may contribute to tumorigenicity. PMID- 6799180 TI - Management of a malignant hyperthermia patient during cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The anaesthetic management of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for a patient with biopsy-proven malignant hyperthermia is reported. Specific changes in the technique used, such as venting the oxygenator before use, monitoring mixed venous PO2 and PCO2, as well as the safety of cold hyperkalaemic cardioplegia are described. Controversial aspects of malignant hyperthermia management such as the safety of calcium and catechol inotropes are discussed in relationship to the successful use of cardio-pulmonary bypass in our patient. We chose to treat left ventricular dysfunction by aggressive vasodilator (nitroglycerine) therapy. We detected no myocardial or respiratory depression secondary to dantrolene therapy either before or after operation. PMID- 6799188 TI - Disposition and metabolism in 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2',3',4'-tri-o-acetyl, ribopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea in rats. AB - The antineoplastic activity in animals of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2',3',4'-tri-O acetyl, ribopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (RPCNU) has been widely demonstrated. The present study deals with the disposition and the metabolism of three 14C-labeled species of RPCNU. The chemical plasma half-life of the drug was less than 5 min. Within the first min after injections, most of the radioactivity derived from ethyl-14C groups were recovered as volatile products. Among these, 2 chloroethanol was identified as a main component. Analysis of labeled species in urine after administration of [ethyl-14C]RPCNU showed that thiodiacetic acid and its sulfoxide were major metabolites of RPCNU (62% of the urinary radioactivity). Traces of N-acetylcarboxymethyl- and N-acetylhydroxyethylcysteine) were also detected. The only labeled species concentrating in particular tissues was that carrying the chloroethyl moiety. Uptake to high levels of [ethyl-14C]RPCNU did occur in liver, kidney, pancreas, thymus, and Harder's gland. PMID- 6799187 TI - Sensitivity to two-stage carcinogenesis of SENCAR mouse skin grafted to nude mice. AB - SENCAR mice are extremely susceptible to two-stage skin carcinogenesis, while BALB/c mice are relatively resistant. Skin grafts to BALB/c nude mice were performed with full-thickness skin from SENCAR and BALB/c donors, and tumor formation was monitored in grafted skin, surrounding host skin, and intact SENCAR, BALB/c and nude mice. Initiation was accomplished by exposure to 20 micrograms dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and promotion by repeated exposure to 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. SENCAR skin retained a high sensitivity to carcinogenesis when grafted to nude hosts, whereas BALB/c skin remained resistant. The donor type did not influence the tumor yield in surrounding nude host skin. The rate of tumor regression was not altered in SENCAR skin grafts on nude mice relative to intact SENCAR skin. These results indicate that the unusual sensitivity of SENCAR epidermis to chemical carcinogenesis is not due to altered systemic factors but is a property of the skin itself. PMID- 6799189 TI - Effect of nutritional supportive therapy on children with advanced cancer. AB - The parameter of weight/height ratio as a percentage of the 50th percentile is a basic measure for nutritional status in pediatric oncology and measures adequately response to therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6799190 TI - Hyperalimentation in the undernourished cancer patient. AB - Serial anthropometrics, creatinine-height ratios. serum albumin levels, and elemental balances were compared for cachectic cancer and noncancer patients receiving hyperalimentation. Cancer patients compared unfavorably in all measurements except triceps skinfold increments, which were equal for both groups, suggesting that weight gain in cancer patients represented repletion of fat rather than restoration of normal lean body mass. PMID- 6799191 TI - Effects of therapy on nutritional status of the pediatric cancer patient. AB - Children with cancer are at high risk for major nutrition problems both from the tumor itself and from the treatment administered. Overt malnutrition is seen in as many as 17% of children with newly diagnosed localized tumors and 37% of those with metastatic disease. Weight loss in children with cancer is directly correlated with a poor nutritional status at the time of diagnosis and with a low serum albumin. Massive surgical resections are a common source of nutritional problems and are usually not indicated as primary therapy in children with cancer. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy are associated with recognized acute and long-term complications which may have an impact upon the nutritional status of the child. The majority of childhood cancers are best managed by a multidisciplinary approach including limited surgery, irradiation, and chemotherapy. This combined modality approach requires careful management including monitoring for known sequelae such that optimistic cure rates can be achieved without compromising the nutritional status of a child with cancer. PMID- 6799192 TI - Effects of undernutrition of host cell and organ function. PMID- 6799193 TI - Effect of nutritional status on responses to therapy. AB - The evidence for the effect of nutritional status on outcome is reviewed. It is concluded that poor nutritional status, is reversible, whether therapy is given or not, and that initial malnutrition presages poor outcome. However, reversal of the nutritional state does not affect outcome unless the antineoplastic therapy is inherently effective. PMID- 6799194 TI - Effect of nutritional status on response to therapy. PMID- 6799195 TI - Supportive nutritional intervention in pediatric cancer. PMID- 6799196 TI - Controlled clinical trials of nutritional intervention as an adjunct to chemotherapy, with a comment on nutrition and drug resistance. AB - Nutritional intervention in the cancer patient [e.g., total parenteral nutrition (TPN)] might improve durable survival because of increased tolerance to aggressive tumor therapy. To determine whether this assumption is correct, 42 patients with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma were induced with prednisone, high dose methotrexate, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and VP-16 (ProMACE). Nitrogen mustard-vincristine-procarbazine-prednisone (MOPP) consolidation was then used, followed by late intensification with ProMACE. Patients were selected randomly to receive adjuvant TPN or a standard diet during ProMACE-MOPP treatment. While TPN patients had a greater median weight gain than did control patients, lean body mass and degree of myelosuppression did not improved as a consequence of TPN. There was no significant difference in tumor response or survival between TPN and control patients, whether or not the patients were initially malnourished. In a second trial, 32 young patients with metastatic or other poor-prognosis sarcomas were randomly allocated to receive TP or a standard diet as an adjunct to one very intensive course of combination chemotherapy or chemotherapy plus total body irradiation; autologous marrow transplantation was used with gain than did controls but remained in a negative nitrogen balance. Response rates and median durable survival did not differ between the two groups. In both trials, the maximum nutritional support permitted by currently available technology was offered. Thus, the limiting factor may not be nutritional status but rather the intrinsic biology of the tumors and the limitations of their response to current therapy. In in vitro studies of the possible influence of nutrition on cancer treatment, we have compared sublines of P388 murine leukemia cells which are sensitive or resistant to Adriamycin. The difference in drug sensitivity correlated with differences in lipid composition, with more intracellular lipid, and with greater membrane rigidity in the resistant cells. Resistant cells have a relatively poor transport of drug into the cell; moreover, intracellular Adriamycin is sequestered in lipid depots away from DNA. These results suggest one possible relationship between nutritional phenomena and drug sensitivity. PMID- 6799197 TI - Chemotherapy of bladder cancer: a review. AB - Cytotoxic chemotherapy is used increasingly in the management of bladder cancer. The agents used, intravesically and systemically, are reviewed, together with preliminary reports of certain trials of adjuvant chemotherapy that have now been activated. PMID- 6799198 TI - Clinical pharmacology of methotrexate. PMID- 6799199 TI - Hexamethylmelamine distribution in patients with ovarian and other pelvic cancers. AB - The distribution of hexamethylmelamine (HMM) was investigated in surgical biopsies from 12 patients with pelvic cancer who were given an oral dose of 200 mg at 2-24 hours before the operation. The highest concentrations of HMM were found in tissues, such as omentum and subcutaneous tissue, that have a predominant lipidic component. HMM concentrations in the primary tumor were lower than in other tissues and were similar to those in plasma. HMM concentrations in metastases appeared to be higher than in the primary tumor, and in metastases with a diameter less than 3 mm, drug levels were two to ten times those in larger ones. Plotting the HMM concentrations versus time, utilizing the data from different patients, the elimination half-lives were found to be 9.05, 8.82, and 8.53 in plasma, tumor, and subcutaneous tissue, respectively. PMID- 6799201 TI - Further immunochemical studies on the combining sites of Lotus tetragonolobus and Ulex europaeus I and II lectins. PMID- 6799200 TI - Secondary structure in glycosaminoglycuronans: N.M.R. spectra in dimethyl sulphoxide of disaccharides related to hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate. AB - 1H-N.m.r.spectra for solutions in dimethyl sulphoxide-d6 of disaccharides related to hyaluronate and chondroitin sulphate are compared with those of their methylated derivatives. All resonances, including those of HO and HN groups, have been assigned. The temperature and concentration dependences suggest that HO-4 of the hexosamine residue in hyalobiouronate (but not that in chondrosinate) is hydrogen-bonded to O-5 of the uronic acid residue. The resonance of HO-2 of the uronate residue of chondrosinate also shows anomalies that may arise from intra residue hydrogen-bonding. These findings confirm the existence of some features previously suggested to be present in glycosaminoglycuronan polymers. The resonance of HO-4 of the uronate residue in the disaccharides and in sodium (methyl alpha-D-glucopyranosid)uronate behaves as though there was a hydrogen bond between the carboxylate group and HO-4. PMID- 6799202 TI - Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid insoluble protein of adult human enamel. PMID- 6799203 TI - Sialic acid metabolism in nutritionally modulated mammary gland carcinogenesis. PMID- 6799204 TI - Comparative study of structure and function of blood cells from two Drosophila species. AB - Hemocytes of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila yakuba larvae have been defined in terms of their ultrastructure and functions in "coagulation", wound healing, encapsulation, phenol-oxidase activity, and phagocytosis. The position of these cells among the classical hemocyte types of insects is determined. We distinguish two plasmatocyte types (macrophage-plasmatocytes and lamellocytes) which do not seem to belong to the same lineage, and oenocytoids which are the crystal cells of the literature. PMID- 6799205 TI - Multinucleation and inhibition of cytokinesis in suspended cells: reversal upon reattachment to a substrate. AB - Cell proliferation under nonadhesive conditions was examined in anchorage dependent mouse fibroblasts (3T3 and 3T6), in epithelial monkey kidney cells (BSC 1) and in four B16 melanoma cell variants that exhibit distinct metastatic properties. Non-adhesive conditions established by suspension culture in methyl cellulose or by plating on poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)-coated plates cause multinucleation and inhibition of cytokinesis in all cell types. Formation of binucleated cells in suspended 3T3 cells continues for 24 hr until DNA synthesis is completely inhibited. Twenty percent of the cells become binucleated during this time. During a similar period in suspension culture over 60% of a synchronized epithelial cell culture (suspended 8 hr after the initiation of S phase) became binucleated. The melanoma cells that maintain a high level of metabolism while in suspension continued to develop into multinucleated cells. After 3 days in suspension, 50% of the melanoma cells have more than one nucleus. Since cell number during suspension culture remains constant, because of a block in cytokinesis, there is a remarkable increase in cell size in suspended melanoma cells. When replated on tissue culture plates, normal cell division resumes by an early extrusion of the extra nuclei in melanoma cells. The melanoma cell variants, although displaying different metastatic potential in vivo, behave similarly in suspension culture. 3T3 cells require 24 hr of replating before recovering DNA synthesis and initiating extrusion of the extra nucleus. The results suggest a differential sensitivity of cytokinesis and karyokinesis to cell-surface contact with the substrate. PMID- 6799207 TI - Gene segments encoding transmembrane carboxyl termini of immunoglobulin gamma chains. AB - In cell lines producing IgM, secreted and membrane bound forms of immunoglobulin mu heavy chains are produced from two separate mu mRNAs that are identical except for alternative 3' coding sequences. We now show that cell lines producing IgG likewise contain two mRNA species for immunoglobulin gamma chains. The major, 1.7 kilobase (kb) species encodes secreted gamma chains. A less abundant species of 3 4 appears to encode membrane bound gamma chains, in that it contains an alternative 3' end encoded in separate exons 3' to the remainder of the gene. The first exon of this M gene segment has been identified in chromosomal gamma 1 and gamma 2b gene clones by its sequence homology with the corresponding exon in the mu gene. Like the mu M exon, it encodes a probable transmembrane polypeptide segment. The flanking DNA sequences show a patchwork pattern of homology between genes that suggests a checkered evolutionary history. PMID- 6799209 TI - The rDNA of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799206 TI - Hemin enhances the differentiation of mouse 3T3 cells to adipocytes. AB - Hemin enhances the adipose differentiation of mouse 3T3-F442A cells in a medium containing high levels of adipogenic factor that is present in fetal calf serum or calf serum. This enhancement is more prominent in the presence of insulin. Hemin also promotes adipose differentiation in a medium containing 10% cat serum, which has very little adipogenic factor; this effect is in contrast to that of insulin, which is relatively ineffective in promoting adipose differentiation in this medium. Adipose differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells is inhibited by the addition of aminotriazole, an inhibitor of heme biosynthesis. The inhibition of adipose differentiation by aminotriazole is prevented by the simultaneous addition of hemin and aminotriazole. These results indicate that treatment with hemin can promote the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes in vitro, and they raise the possibility that endogenous heme may have a physiological role in the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes in vivo. PMID- 6799208 TI - Two kappa immunoglobulin genes are expressed in the myeloma S107. AB - We have cloned two rearranged kappa immunoglobulin genes from the mouse myeloma cell line S107, and find that both are expressed. One gene, designated S107A, encodes the secreted kappa chain that participates in phosphocholine binding and expression of the T-15 idiotype. The other gene, designated S107B, as described here, contains an unusual junction between a V region unrelated to that of S107A and a different J region. The V-J junction preserves the triplet reading frame, but 6 nucleotides have been deleted at the recombination site. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the germline V-region precursor of S107B in comparison with other germline kappa-variable sequences reveals an "extra" 2 nucleotides in S107B between codon 95 and the palindromic heptanucleotide CACAGTG previously implicated in V-J recombination; this difference may be relevant to the 6 nucleotide deletion. Both S107A and S107B genes are expressed in the S107 cell as protein products, but unlike the S107A kappa chain, the S107B protein product is not secreted into the medium. The expression of these two kappa genes in the S107 cell has implications for theories of allelic exclusion. PMID- 6799210 TI - The organization and amplification of two chromosomal domains containing Drosophila chorion genes. AB - Drosophila chorion genes are located in two clusters, one on the X chromosome at 7F1-2 of the polytene chromosome map and a second on the third chromosome at 66D11-15. Genes in both regions undergo amplification in ovarian follicle cells prior to their expression late in oogenesis. Analysis of cloned genomic segments derived from these chromosomal sites revealed that each cluster contains two tandemly transcribed chorion protein genes separated by only 1-2 kb. At least two other regions complementary to ovary RNA are located within 5 kb of these genes. During oogenesis, the transcribed sequences within each cluster, as well as the spacer sequences that separate them, are amplified equally. Sequences adjacent to the transcribed regions also replicate differentially but to a lesser extent, giving rise to gradients of decreasing amplification involving 40-50 kb of flanking chromosomal sequences. Differences between the restriction maps of unamplified and amplified DNA could not be detected in genomic DNA within either of the 90-100 kb domains of amplification. These observations suggest a model of amplification in which additional rounds of replication are specifically initiated within the central gene-containing regions, followed by bidirectional replication in the absence of discrete termination sites. PMID- 6799211 TI - A chromosome inversion alters the pattern of specific DNA replication in Drosophila follicle cells. PMID- 6799212 TI - Micrococcal nuclease as a probe of DNA sequence organization and chromatin structure. AB - We have investigated micrococcal nuclease digestion of chromatin and purified DNA at the heat-shock locus 67B in Drosophila melanogaster. At early stages of the reaction a distinct set of fragments is generated, indicating the presence of preferential cleavage sites. These sites are also observed when purified recombinant plasmid DNA is used as the substrate, demonstrating that the sites are specified by the DNA sequence. At Drosophila locus 67B, prominent sites occur frequently, spaced approximately 200 bp apart, within the nontranscribed portions of the locus, but are generally not observed within the regions that are transcribed. In contrast, such sites are randomly distributed along the procaryotic plasmid pBR322. The results indicate that specific patterns of digestion of eucaryotic chromatin by micrococcal nuclease cannot be simply interpreted as the consequence of the nucleosome array. However, it is possible that the organization of eucaryotic DNA sequences detected by micrococcal nuclease bears a functional relationship to the organization of DNA by nucleosomes and, in fact, was so selected through evolution. PMID- 6799213 TI - Covalent binding of polychlorinated biphenyls to proteins by reconstituted monooxygenase system containing cytochrome P-450. AB - Incubation in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen of 14C-labeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and two tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) isomers with a reconstituted system containing NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P 450, both purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital(PB)-pretreated rabbits, led to covalent binding of radioactive metabolites of PCBs and TCBs to the protein components of the system. A rabbit liver cytosol fraction added to the system provided more binding sites for the activated metabolites and thus increased the extent of binding markedly. The binding reaction depended absolutely on the reductase, cytochrome P-450 and NADPH, and required dilauroyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate for maximal activity. A further stimulation of the binding was attained by including cytochrome b5 in the reconstituted system. Four forms of cytochrome P-450, purified from liver microsomes of PB- and 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-treated rabbits and rats, were used to reconstitute the PCB- and TCB-metabolizing systems, and it was found that PB-inducible forms of the cytochrome from both animals were more active than those inducible by MC in catalyzing the PCB- and TCrome P-450, purified from liver microsomes of PB- and 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-treated rabbits and rats, were used to reconstitute the PCB- and TCB-metabolizing systems, and it was found that PB-inducible forms of the cytochrome from both animals were more active than those inducible by MC in catalyzing the PCB- and TCrome P-450, purified from liver microsomes of PB- and 3-methylcholanthrene(MC)-treated rabbits and rats, were used to reconstitute the PCB- and TCB-metabolizing systems, and it was found that PB-inducible forms of the cytochrome from both animals were more active than those inducible by MC in catalyzing the PCB- and TCB-binding reaction. Sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that, in the system containing the reductase, cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5, PCB metabolites bound to the reductase and cytochrome P-450, but not to cytochrome b5. In the presence of the liver cytosol fraction, the binding took place to many cytosolic proteins in addition to the reductase and cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6799214 TI - Age-related changes in mutagen activation by rat tissues. AB - Age-related changes in drug metabolism of the liver, lung and kidney of adult female Long-Evans rats were determined by measuring changes in mutagen formation. Activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 2-aminofluorene (AF) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) to mutagenic derivatives was assayed using the Ames Salmonella test system. The promutagens were incubated with tissue fractions from rats ranging in age from 2.5 to 25 months. With all three compounds, hepatic, renal and pulmonary activation was lower in the senescent than in the young adult animals. The largest decrease, however, occurred prior to middle-age, i.e. before 9-13 months. In liver and kidney, little change was detectable between the middle-aged and the old (20-25 months) animals. However, pulmonary metabolism in the oldest animals was slightly higher than in the extracts from the middle-aged rats. The observed decline in mutagen activation may thus be a function of maturation rather than senescence. PMID- 6799215 TI - [Postoperative functional evaluation and pharmacological study of Oddi's sphincter by means of cholangiomanometry using a Kehr tube]. AB - The Authors report their experience of postoperative cholangiomanometry carried out through a T-tube on 19 patients; in 13 of such patients the Oddi's sphincter was intact, while 6 of them underwent sphincterectomy. In 8 patient's a manometric study of the duodenum was associated. They performed both variable flow and pressure and constant flow manometry and their results show that such examination is a reliable test both for the functional evaluation of the surgical procedure, and for the study of the action of various drugs on Oddi's sphincter function and its correlation with duodenal motility. PMID- 6799216 TI - Coordinate mutation and transformation of mouse fibroblasts: induction by nitroquinoline oxide and modulation by caffeine. AB - Mutation and malignant transformation were followed in the same cells. Mouse fibroblasts (C3H 10T 1/2) were mutated and transformed by 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide with similar, approximately linear dose-responses. The presence of caffeine immediately after exposure to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide potently inhibited mutation and transformation at high but not at low doses of 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide. Whilst the coordinate induction of mutation and transformation could be explained by both a common target (DNA) or a common reactive species hitting several targets, the identical modulation by a DNA repair inhibitor of both end points suggests fundamental similarities in the nature of the lesions leading to mutation and transformation and in the processing of these lesions, implying DNA as target and mutation as one (but not necessarily the sole) required step in transformation. PMID- 6799217 TI - Effect of phenobarbital, polychlorinated biphenyl and sodium saccharin on hepatic and renal carcinogenesis in unilaterally nephrectomized rats given N-ethyl-N hydroxyethylnitrosamine orally. AB - The effects of phenobarbital (PB), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and sodium saccharin (SS) on hepatic and renal carcinogenesis induced by N-ethyl-N hydroxyethylnitrosamine (EHEN) were examined in male F344 rats. The rats were given 0.1% EHEN in their drinking water for 2 weeks and then diet containing 0.05% PB, 0.05% PCB or 5% SS for 32 weeks. In week 3, the right kidney was removed to promote renal neoplasia. The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was much higher in rats given PB or PCB than in controls given EHEN alone. PB administration significantly decreased the average number of renal-cell tumors per unit area and SS reduced the numbers of early neoplastic nodules. Treatment with PCB had no effect on renal carcinogenesis. These results indicate that chemicals may have either a promotive or inhibitory effect depending on the organ. PMID- 6799218 TI - Formation and removal of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene--nucleic acid adducts in rat mammary epithelial cells with different susceptibility to carcinogenesis. PMID- 6799219 TI - DNA damage and its repair in human normal or xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or its 3-methyl derivative. AB - Normal human or excision deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) fibroblasts were exposed to either the potent carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) or the weaker acting 3 methyl derivative of this compound. The inhibition of cell growth, DNA damage and DNA repair were then monitored in these cells. The data indicate that the modification of 4NQO by methylation actually changes the type and amount of DNA damage induced by this carcinogen. More specifically, the methylation of 4NQO at the three position prevented the formation of 4NQO induced DNA adducts manifesting themselves as alkaline stable lesions whose repair was cytosine arabinoside inhibitable in normal cells, but defective in excision deficient XP cells. Alkaline labile lesions induced by 4NQO which are repairable in the above XP cells were still induced by the 3 methyl derivative but a lower frequency on an equimolar basis. PMID- 6799220 TI - Ethanol-induced alterations in pancreatic blood flow in conscious dogs. PMID- 6799223 TI - Effect of sample instability on glycohemoglobin (HbA1) measured by cation exchange chromatography. AB - We compared results for glycohemoglobin obtained from fresh whole blood or separated erythrocyte samples with results obtained after storage. We judged the storage condition to be acceptable ("stable") if the glycohemoglobin results after storage were within the 95 confidence interval (+/- SD) of the results obtained for the specimens on the day of venipuncture. Hemolysates can validly be stored for five months at -70 degrees C. Whole-blood samples stored at 4 degrees C remain stable for four days; whole blood treated with heparin or EDTA (but not oxalate) is stable for seven days. At 30 degrees C, whole blood or erythrocytes from some donors are stable for one day, but after two days and seven days, results are frequently higher. We confirmed previous findings that the separated erythrocytes can be stored at -20 degrees C for at least seven days. In addition, we compared the elution profiles for stored samples showing increased values. PMID- 6799221 TI - Mechanisms of ischemic myocardial cell damage assessed by phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) can estimate tissue intracellular pH as well as the content of high-energy phosphate metabolites in isolated perfused hearts. We used 31P NMR to examine mechanisms associated with the recovery of ventricular function in hearts subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion, with special emphasis on intracellular pH, a previously unreported variable. Single-dose and multiple-dose administration of a hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution were compared with hypothermia alone in 18 isolated perfused rabbit hearts. Hearts in group 1 were subjected to 24 degrees C hypothermia during 60 minutes of global ischemia; group 2 hearts received a single injection of 37-mM KCL cardioplegic solution at 10 degrees C at the onset of ischemia; and group 3 hearts received a similar initial cardioplegic injection followed by two subsequent 24 degrees C injections at 20-minute intervals during the ischemic period. Using an intraventricular balloon, maximal dP/dt provided a quantitative index of left ventricular performance before and after ischemia. Return of ventricular function expressed as a percentage of control was 54 +/- 11% for group 1, 84 +/- 6% for group 2, and 101 +/- 18% for group 3. Differences in the rate of development of intracellular acidosis were noted during the 60 minute ischemic period. Intracellular pH fell to 6.09 +/- 0.12 in group 1, 6.31 +/- 0.09 in group 2, an 6.79 +/- 0.03 in group 3. In all three groups intracellular pH returned to control (pH 7.20) within 10 minutes of reflow. The metabolic correlates of functional recovery appeared to be the tissue content of ATP at the end of ischemia and after reflow. ATP content at the end of ischemia was 22 +/- 2% of control in group 1 hearts, 31 +/- 4% in group 2 and 64 +/- 2% in group 3. After 45 minutes of reperfusion, ATP levels recovered to 33 +/- 9% of control in group 1, to 71 +/- 9% in group 2 and to 86 +/- 6% in group 3. Although there were no differences between groups in the content of creatine phosphate after 60 minutes of ischemia, the rates of creatine phosphate decline were dissimilar. Further, during the early reflow period, a marked overshoot in tissue creatine phosphate was detected, especially in groups 1 and 2. Histologic damage assessed by light microscopy correlated with the metabolic data, confirming that multidose cardioplegia provided the best preservation of cellular morphology. These results demonstrate that the magnitude of intracellular acidosis and the associated increase in inorganic phosphate correlate inversely with recovery of postischemic ventricular structure and function. ATP, but not creatine phosphate, content correlates with return of contractile performance after reperfusion. The overshoot in creatine phosphate during early reperfusion might impede optimal restoration of ATP content and, as a result, optimal recovery of cell functions. PMID- 6799222 TI - Laser nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion compared for immunoglobulin quantification in pathological sera. AB - We evaluated nephelometers from Behring, Hyland, and Beckman for IgG, IgA, and IgM quantitation in sera from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. The intra batch precision of each instrument for each immunoglobulin class and for different concentrations of the same immunoglobulin was compared to the one obtained with the radial immunodiffusion method. No nephelometer showed a clearly better precision. The correlation with cellulose acetate electrophoresis was good for each of the three nephelometers. The mean value by the radial immunodiffusion method was higher than corresponding determinations by nephelometry. PMID- 6799225 TI - Simplified gas chromatography of valproic acid and ethosuximide. PMID- 6799224 TI - Radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein A-i. application of a non-ionic detergent (Tween-20) and solid-phase staphylococcus. AB - We describe two techniques for radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in human plasma, each involving use of a non-ionic detergent, Tween-20, to expose antigenic sites, and one involving "IgG SORB" (a suspension of killed staphylococci) as a solid-phase separator. Tween-20 (3.75 g/L) decreased nonspecific binding and unmasked the antigenic sites on the apoA-I molecule in plasma to the same extent as did a tedious delipidation procedure, without altering the binding affinity between apoA-I and apoA-I antibodies as determined by Scatchard analysis (Ka congruent to 2.83 X 10(8) L/mol). The widely accepted double-antibody immunoprecipitation technique for separating bound and unbound 125I-labeled apoA-I is time-consuming, owing to extended periods of incubation and centrifugation IgG SORB effectively separates bound from unbound 125I-labeled apoA-I and the reaction is complete within 10 min. On comparing concentrations of apoA-I in human plasma by the conventional second-antibody (y) and solid-phase IgG SORB methods (x), we found results by the two techniques to be reasonably identical (r = 0.98, y = 1.2x -- 0.17). The mean concentrations of apoA-I in plasma from 65 normal and five hyperlipidemic patients were 1.33 (SD 0.32) and 0.78 (SD 0.35) g/L, respectively, and apoA-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly correlated (r = 0.72, p less than 0.001). PMID- 6799226 TI - Simultaneous measurement of plasma apolipoproteins A-I and B by electroimmunoassay. AB - We describe a simplified electroimmunoassay for quantification of human apolipoproteins A-I and B on prepared plates. A solution of agarose at 55 degrees C, containing hydroxyethylcellulose and antibodies, is poured onto a plastic film and allowed to gel. Wells are punched in the gels and the plates are dried for storage. Before use, they are rehydrated and buffered. We use succinylated Sudan Black to prestain lipoprotein fractions of plasma. After electrophoresing samples of plasma or standards for 3 h at 4 degrees C at 12.5 V/cm, we measure the peak heights and read the results from a standard curve prepared by using calibrated sera of known apolipoprotein B and A-I content as secondary standard. The within- and between-assay coefficients of variation were less than 4% in all cases. Results correlated well with those obtained by classic electroimmunodiffusion. Subjects with confirmed atherosclerotic lesions had significantly (p less than 10(-9)) lower ratios of apolipoprotein A-I to apolipoprotein B, compared with ratios in controls. PMID- 6799227 TI - Morphine glucuronide hydrolysis: superiority of beta-glucuronidase from Patella vulgata. AB - beta-Glucuronidase from Patella vulgata, Helix aspersa, Helix pomatia, and bovine liver were evaluated for usefulness in routine hydrolysis of drug-glucuronic acid conjugates from equine urine samples. Factors affecting the reaction rate (enzyme concentration, ligand concentration, temperature, and pH) were optimized. A 3-h incubation at 65 degrees C with 5000 U of beta-glucuronidase from P. vulgata per milliliter of urine resulted in complete hydrolysis of all morphine glucuronide in the urine samples. Not only was the enzyme preparation from P. vulgata the most cost-effective beta-glucuronidase source studied, but also its thermal stability is such that it can be used at a temperature high enough to substantially shorten the incubation interval. Preliminary work on other drugs that form glucuronide conjugates indicates that this same procedure is similarly superior for use in their hydrolysis. PMID- 6799228 TI - Measurement of pH change in standing specimens of blood. PMID- 6799229 TI - Serum amyloid A polymorphism in a subject with a naturally occurring inflammatory response. PMID- 6799230 TI - Impaired dopaminergic control of thyroid stimulating hormone secretion in chronic renal failure. AB - After administration of intravenous metoclopramide, a dopaminergic receptor blocking agent, no rise in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) could be found in patients with chronic renal failure, in contrast to non-uraemic controls. Basal TSH values were normal in the uraemic patients but the TSH response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) was significantly reduced. These results suggest that a discrete abnormality in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis exists in uraemia which may in part be due to interference with central dopaminergic control by a uraemic toxin. PMID- 6799231 TI - Effect of cimetidine on serum prolactin in normal women and patients with hyperprolactinaemia. AB - In normal women, intravenous injection of the H2-antihistamine, cimetidine, provoked a 3-4 fold rise in serum prolactin, without changes in serum growth hormone, thyrotrophin, or gonadotrophins. Hyperprolactinaemic patients with pituitary tumours, idiopathic hyperprolactinaemia or hypothalamic lesions demonstrated little or no rise in serum prolactin (expressed as a percentage increment) in response to cimetidine; these responses were significantly more blunted than the prolactin responses to intravenous TRH in the same subjects. Post-partum women also demonstrated blunted percentage prolactin responses to cimetidine, although responses to TRH were, in most patients, normal. Dynamic testing of prolactin secretion with cimetidine is no more useful than TRH in distinguishing tumourous from non-tumourous hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 6799232 TI - Recovery of hypophyseal-testicular function from sex steroid treatment and the pituitary response to castration in male transsexuals. AB - Twenty-one male transsexuals who had been on steroid hormone therapy for at least 1 year volunteered for this investigation. Their hormone profiles after stopping sex steroid hormone treatment for periods ranging from 2 to 70 days were examined. Based on their testosterone levels before the sex-reassignment operation which includes castration, penectomy and the construction of an artificial vagina, two separate groups can be distinguished; those with low (group A) and the other with normal (group B) levels. The gonadotrophins levels in group A and group B were (respectively) significantly (P less than 0.05) lower and higher than corresponding levels in a group of normal males. Castration had caused elevations of FSH and LH in both groups. Although the increment rates were different, both groups attained the same maximum levels of FSH and LH. Within each group, the patterns of FSH and LH responses to castration were similar. However, differences in rates and time of significant elevation of FSH and LH were noted. These observations indicate that there is a delay between the cessation of steroid treatment and the recovery of testicular and hypophyseal functions. Testicular function seems to be altered by steroid treatment since excessive secretions of FSH and LH are needed to produce normal testosterone levels. The secretions of FSH and LH are controlled in some ways by the same mechanisms, while they, in other respects, are controlled by different factors. PMID- 6799233 TI - Spontaneous hypothyroidism in symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis. A long-term follow-up study. AB - A follow-up study was performed on subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis in order to obtain information on the natural course of the disease. Seven out of the twenty-two subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis became hypothyroid within 4-48 months of observation, whereas fifteen subjects were still euthyroid after an observation period of 26-102 months. The yearly incidence of hypothyroidism in symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis was 7.3%. The basal serum thyrotrophin (TSH) level as well as the response in serum TSH to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was initially elevated in all subjects who developed hypothyroidism. The annual incidence of hypothyroidism was 26% in the subjects with an initially elevated TSH level. Serum TSH was initially normal in all but one of the eleven subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis in whom it was measured, and who remained euthyroid. In this group the TRH response was initially slightly exaggerated in three out of ten subjects. It was not performed in five subjects. During the follow-up, serum TSH and its response to TRH also became normal in these cases. An elevated basal serum TSH value is thus highly indicative of subsequent hypothyroidism, and these subjects with symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis should be carefully followed-up. PMID- 6799234 TI - Rapid adaptation of pituitary responsiveness to TRH in the post-surgical state. The role of free T3. AB - In eight clinically and biochemically euthyroid patients undergoing routine major non-thyroidal surgery preoperative and daily postoperative serum concentrations of total and free thyroid hormones were measured. Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) tests were performed preoperatively and on the first 3 postoperative days. There was a significant fall in mean serum total and free triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations on the postoperative days and mean reverse T3 concentrations rose reciprocally. There was no significant change in mean basal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) values, but there was a significant increase in the mean TSH response to TRH on the first postoperative day. The mean TSH response than declined sequentially until day 3 while mean free T3 concentrations remained significantly depressed. Mean serum free thyroxine(T4)concentrations remained normal during the study. Intrapituitary conversion of T4 to T3 or other down regulatory mechanisms could explain this rapid adaptation of the pituitary axis. PMID- 6799235 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on LH and FSH RIA kits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799236 TI - Genetics of human T cell-monocyte interaction in helper cell induction. AB - The generation of human antigen-specific helper cells from unprimed peripheral blood lymphoid cells in tissue culture requires the presence of the appropriate number of blood monocytes. The role of the HLA complex in this cell interaction was investigated, by using HLA-type donors, and it was found that the monocytes had to share at least one HLA-DR specificity with the T cell donor. These experiments suggested that the genes controlling the macrophage-T cell interaction are closely associated or in linkage disequilibrium with the HLA-DR region. PMID- 6799237 TI - Immunoglobulin production in vitro by peripheral blood lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: helper T cell defect and B cell hyperreactivity. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 15 healthy control subjects were cultured and immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro was measured by immunofluorescent staining for intracytoplasmic Ig, a reverse haemolytic plaque assay to quantify cells secreting Ig and a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for Ig secreted into culture supernatants. Compared with normal PBL, lymphocytes from patients with SLE produced significantly fewer Ig-containing cells, Ig-secretion cells (ISC) and less Ig in supernatants in cultures stimulated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). These differences were most pronounced during phases of disease activity. Culturing SLE PBL with a supernatant obtained from PWM-activated cultures of normal T lymphocytes partially restored their capacity to produce ISC. This observation suggests a helper T cell defect of SLE lymphocytes. In addition, PBL from patients with active SLE generated more ISC when cultured with Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (S aureus) than with PWM. S. aureus-stimulated cultures of SLE PBL also generated more ISC than PBL from normal individuals. The S. aureus response of SLE lymphocytes did not correlate with disease activity. As S. aureus is a T cell-independent mitogen, the latter observations suggest that in SLE an intrinsic B cell hyperreactivity may be a more persistent defect whereas T cell defects are transitory. PMID- 6799238 TI - Detection of J chain in lymphomas and related disorders. AB - Lymph node specimens from 125 patients with malignant lymphomas and related disorders were studied by immunoperoxidase procedure for the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin (CIg) and J chain CIg staining was present in 22/24 cases of lymphoplasmacytic-lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas, and in 10/10 cases of extramedullary plasmacytomas and myelomas. In the majority of these cases J chain could be demonstrated in plasmacytoid or neoplastic plasma cells. In 21/36 cases of immunoblastic lymphomas, intracytoplasmic Ig staining was present. In only two of the 36 cases were the lymphomatous cells stained positively for J chain. J chain was not detected in other lymphomas such as lymphocytic lymphomas, follicular lymphomas, lymphoblastic lymphomas or in Reed-Sternberg cells or hairy cells. J chain was demonstrated in mature plasma cells and immunoblastic cells in hyperplastic lymph nodes, and in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. These findings show that J chain is not detectable in all B cell lymphomas even in the presence of CIg synthesis, irrespective of class. PMID- 6799240 TI - [Adult-onset acid maltase deficiency in two siblings (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799239 TI - Lactate metabolism as a prognostic index in unstable angina. AB - Fifty patients evaluated because of unstable angina were followed up for a mean period of 63.7 months. Analysis of transmyocardial lactate metabolism was performed in all patients in addition to coronary angiography and ventriculography. All patients had at least one coronary lesion of great than 75%. Although technically feasible, aortocoronary bypass surgery was not performed on initial hospitalization and all patients were treated medically. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of lactate metabolism; group A lactate production great than 15%, group B lactate production less than 15% or lactate extraction. There was no difference in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or ejection fraction between the two groups. A coronary score index was higher in group A than group B (5.45 +/- 2.2 vs 3.13 +/- 1.2) (p less than 0.05). The incidence of myocardial infarction was higher in group A than group B in hospital (44.4% vs. 4.3%, p less than 0.05), and long term (70.3% vs. 17.3%, p less than 0.05). Mortality was higher in group A than group B in hospital (25.9% vs. 0%, p less than 0.05) and long term (66.7% vs. 13%, p less than 0.05). Analysis of lactate metabolism thus provides a prognostic index in unstable angina which complements information obtained by coronary angiography and ventriculography. PMID- 6799241 TI - Protein-calorie deficiency and vitamin indiscretion in an atopic child who developed hypervitaminosis A. PMID- 6799242 TI - Finite element simulation of gas transport in proximal respiratory airways: comparison with experimental data. PMID- 6799243 TI - Effects of chronic LHRH agonist treatment on the endometrium and ovaries of the stumptailed macaque. AB - Eight stumptailed macaques were injected daily with 5 or 20 micrograms D Ser(But)6des Gly luteinizing hormone releasing hormone ethylamide (LHRH agonist) for approximately one year in order to prevent ovulation. On the last day of treatment (7 monkeys) or during the mid-luteal phase of the first cycle after treatment (1 monkey), a laparotomy was performed. Uterine size was slightly smaller (P less than 0.01) than in controls with normal cycles (n = 6). A full thickness wedge of anterior uterine wall was excised and examined histologically. Five of the agonist-treated monkeys had endometrium consistent with an atropic or resting proliferative pattern, but in 2 the appearance varied from early proliferative to marked secretory. All appeared entirely benign. The remaining animal studied in the luteal phase after stopping treatment exhibited a normal secretory endometrium. Ovaries from 2 of the LHRH agonist-treated animals were also studied histologically and found to consist of follicles at various stages of maturation. The occurrence of endometrial activity in 2 of the 8 LHRH agonist treated monkeys stresses the need for careful endometrial assessment during clinical trials involving repeated administration of LHRH agonists in women. PMID- 6799245 TI - Recognizing protein calorie malnutrition. PMID- 6799244 TI - Effect of inhibin on ovulation and implantation in mice. AB - Injection of antiserum to ovine FSH on the day of proestrus could inhibit ovulation in the next cycle. Inhibin preparation purified from sheep ovaries failed to affect ovulation in mice. Suppression of FSH by this preparation of inhibin during early pregnancy reversed the mitotic index. Administration of inhibin during the peri-implantation period terminated pregnancy in mice. The inhibin preparation decreases FSH in circulation which in turn may possibly reduce ovarian estrogens, thereby inhibiting pregnancy. PMID- 6799246 TI - Respiratory changes after major burn injury. AB - In 32 major burn patients, routine respiratory measurements and blood gases analysis were performed. Striking differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors in these variables. Marked increased in minute volume and respiratory rate were observed in nonsurvivors starting from the 6th day postburn, while PaCO2 increased with larger tidal and minute volumes. At the same time, PaO2 was lower than in survivors. In survivors, the closing volume, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate, and peak rate were lower than the predicted normal values. This may indicate that after major burn injury, ventilatory power decreased and some pathological changes occurred in small airways and alveoli without apparent pulmonary complications. Marked differences in the changes of respiratory rate and min volume between survivors and nonsurvivors may indicate the value of simple respiratory measurements for prediction of outcome in burn patients. PMID- 6799247 TI - Pediatric intensive care: factors that influence outcome. AB - Four hundred sixty-one consecutive admissions to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) were evaluated using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS). Patients requiring an increased level of care, defined as TISS points greater than or equal to 10, accounted for 75% of patient days in the ICU. Within this group, the primary reason for admission to the ICU was congenital heart disease, trauma, malignancy, respiratory failure, and sepsis. Survival was inversely related to TISS points, through TISS itself could not differentiate between survivors and nonsurvivors. The mortality rates for children who had a congenital malformation, a cardiac arrest before admission, or who developed acute failure secondary to other disease processes were significantly increased. Comparison of critically ill children and adults using TISS showed mortality rates that were similar. Assuming that the cost of intensive care is related to both seriousness of illness (assessed by TISS) and length of hospitalization, in this pediatric population the cost of hospitalization was not disproportionately high for nonsurvivors compared to survivors. Reduction in mortality rates in a PICU population will be dependent on factors largely uncontrollable buy ICU practitioners. This will come about by reduction in the numbers of congenital malformations and the prevention of childhood trauma. PMID- 6799248 TI - Cryopreservation of islets of langerhans. PMID- 6799249 TI - [Clinical use of Visco-gel]. PMID- 6799250 TI - [X-ray television in dentistry]. PMID- 6799251 TI - [High copper type dental amalgam]. PMID- 6799252 TI - [Testing of high copper type dental amalgam]. PMID- 6799253 TI - Exercise and oxygen inhalation in relation to prognosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We examined the relationship between prognosis and arterial blood gases during exercise and 100 percent oxygen inhalation in 54 patients randomly selected from 119 background patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Light exercise was performed and 100 percent oxygen was inhaled during clinically stable stages. By four years after these tests, 19/54 patients had died from respiratory failure. All subjects had similar physical and clinical features. Survivors had significantly higher PaO2 during air breathing than nonsurvivors; in nonsurvivors, FEV1 and MVV were significantly lower, and heart rate and RV/TLC were significantly higher. Exercise PaO2 of nonsurvivors decreased by 6.7 mm Hg, whereas that of survivors did not change. The P(A--a)O2 did not change in survivors and nonsurvivors during exercise, but in survivors it was significantly smaller. Mean PaO2 after 100 percent oxygen was significantly lower, and PaCO2 was significantly higher in nonsurvivors than in survivors, and in nonsurvivors the increase in PaO2 during 100 percent oxygen correlated positively with the time between first admission and death. These results indicate that patients with combination of resting arterial hypoxemia, worsened hypoxemia during stepped-up exercise, and lesser degree of arterial oxygenation and increased PaCO2 during 100 percent oxygen inhalation may have a poor prognosis. PMID- 6799254 TI - Experience with a prolonged respiratory care unit. AB - A major medical social problem at present is the need for care of patients with chronic or prolonged illness. This is particularly true in the case of respiratory disease, which has undergone major strides in prolonging life through the increased use of respirators and improved methods of medical care. In response to this need, St. Paul, Minnesota's Bethesda Lutheran Medical Center opened a prolonged respiratory care unit on Aug 21, 1979. A review and general assessment of this operation is presented. At the time of this review, the unit has been open for approximately 18 months. The obvious benefits in terms of patient care cost as well as the improvement in patient quality of life inherent in this type of specialized unit, which has an adequately trained staff, are described. PMID- 6799255 TI - Hypomagnesemia and ventricular tachycardia: a complication of ulcerative colitis and parenteral hyperalimentation in a nondigitalized noncardiac patient. AB - A nondigitalized patient without heart disease, but with ulcerative colitis on parenteral hyperalimentation, developed ventricular tachycardia in association with hypomagnesemia. Magnesium infusions were successful in suppressing the arrhythmia, but because of ongoing fecal losses, hypomagnesemia and ventricular tachycardia recurred each time the infusion was stopped. After total colectomy, the patient remained normomagnesemic and free of arrhythmias. The few previous descriptions of arrhythmias attributed to hypomagnesemia in nondigitalized patients are reviewed. The importance of recognizing hypomagnesemia as an easily reversible cause of arrhythmias is stressed. PMID- 6799257 TI - "Isocal pneumonia" with respiratory failure. PMID- 6799256 TI - Compensatory hypoventilation in metabolic alkalosis. AB - Although hyperventilation is a well-known compensatory mechanism in metabolic acidosis, compensatory hypoventilation has been inconsistent and controversial in metabolic alkalosis. Six healthy subjects were studied under baseline conditions and during steady-state metabolic acidosis (seven episodes) and alkalosis (14 episodes). Minute ventilation (VE) fell in metabolic alkalosis and rose in metabolic acidosis. These changes in ventilation were entirely due to reduction and elevation of tidal volume (VT) respectively, while respiratory frequency (f) remained unchanged. Alveolar ventilation fell during metabolic alkalosis and resulted in elevation of arterial PCO2 in all subjects. The ventilatory response to arterial PCO2 in all subjects. The ventilatory response to CO2 breathing was also diminished. There was a linear relationship between PaCO2 and plasma [HCO-3] in metabolic acidosis and alkalosis which was defined as PaCO2 (mm Hg = 0.7 [HCO a] + 20 (+/- SEM), r = 0.95. Although arterial PO2 and plasma [K+] fell during metabolic alkalosis, minute ventilation did not change upon breathing oxygen and there was no correlation between changes in plasma [K+] and plasma H+ regulation. PMID- 6799258 TI - Hypoxemia due to hyperventilation and reduced R value. PMID- 6799259 TI - Cytogenetic and genetic mapping of a salivary gland secretion protein in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The larval salivary gland secretion of Drosophila melanogaster is separated, by acid-urea polyacrylamide electrophoresis, into several different protein components. The genes specifying three of these had hitherto been located both genetically and cytogenetically, and shown to map close to sites that form prominent puffs in larval salivary gland chromosomes. A fourth component of the secretion (SGS-6), present in some, but not all, stocks of D. melanogaster, is shown to be under the control of a gene that maps to 3-42.0 and to bands 71 C1,2 71 F3,5. In those stocks that possess SGS-6 a puff is active in 71 C3-4 in Puff Stage 1, but not in older larvae. We conclude that this puff is the manifestation of a transcriptionally active Sgs-6 gene. PMID- 6799260 TI - Interstrain heterochromatin polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Neuroblast chromosomes of 16 Drosophila melanogaster laboratory stocks (15 wild type and 1 carrying the mutant vermillion) were carefully analyzed for Q-banding patterns and morphological characteristics, in all the mitotic phases. Two forms of intraspecific heterochromatin variations, involving three types of chromosomes, are described: 1) differences in the fluorescence pattern with regard to the Y chromosome and the centromeric heterochromatin of the pair II; 2) differences in the size of the heterochromatic segment of the X chromosome. An unambiguous evidence of such variants was obtained by comparing homologous chromosomes in the F1 hybrids, as well as in the F2 offspring, where differences in appearance of the heteromorphic chromosomes was readily identified as to the parental origin. The possible evolutionary significance and the usefulness of such cytologically detectable genetic differences between various strains, are considered. PMID- 6799261 TI - Cytogenetic analysis of the 2B3-4-2B11 region of the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Changes in 20-OH ecdysone puffing caused by genetic defects of puff 2B5. AB - Larvae homozygous or hemizygous for the l(1)t435 mutation located within the early ecdysteroid puff 2B5, or carrying a deletion of the 2B5 band, die at the end of the third larval instar. In the salivary gland chromosomes of these larvae only intermoult puffs are detected. If these salivary glands are incubated in vitro with 20-OH ecdysone for 6 h the intermoult puff 68 C remains large, some early puffs (74EF and 75B) are induced to 30-40% of their normal size, other early (63F) and all late puffs (62E, 78D, 82F and 63E) are not induced at all. Puff 2B5 reaches its normal size but does not regress after 6 h incubation with 20-OH ecdysone, as it does in normal stocks. The data obtained in this study show the existence of a locus (or loci) in the band (puff) 2B5 which is necessary for the normal response of the salivary gland chromosomes to the hormone 20-OH ecdysone. PMID- 6799262 TI - Genetic analysis of the larval secretion gene Sgs-4 and its regulatory chromosome sites in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Larval salivary gland secretion from seven wild-type stocks of Drosophila melanogaster was electrophoretically analyzed. Considerable variability occurs in the X-chromosomally coded secretion protein 4, both qualitatively, as expressed by differences in electrophoretic mobilities, and quantitatively as seen by its relative amount in the secretion. Drosophila stocks with "normal" amounts of protein 4 show approximately 80-90% dosage compensation in the males, whereas in two stocks with lower amounts of protein 4 there is no indication of dosage compensation. Genetic analysis showed that the properties of secretion protein 4 and the level of expression of the Sgs-4 gene are controlled by the X-chromosome. Recombination experiments indicate that the stock-specific characteristics of protein 4 are properties of the structural gene Sgs-4 itself or of a chromosome region immediately adjacent to Sgs-4. One recombinant (R+79), manifesting an intermediate level of dosage compensation, indicates that a chromosome segment closely distal to Sg-4 is responsible for the regulation of the gene and for dosage compensation in particular. Accordingly, Sgs-4 must be transcribed from distal to proximal. Its position on the genetic map is 3.6. Two stocks, Hikone-R and Kochi-R, which were originally described as 0-mutants produce very low amounts of a specific secretion protein, 4 h, as revealed by a transvection effect and also by fluorography of overloaded gels. PMID- 6799263 TI - Drugs in the treatment of tinnitus. AB - Many drugs and some foods can cause or aggravate tinnitus in some patients. These substances should be identified and withdrawn. Tinnitus may be improved by the treatment of associated conditions, infections, or hearing loss with appropriate drugs--hypotensives, antibiotics, vasodilators, fluoride or thyroxine. Intravenous lignocaine can temporarily reduce or abolish tinnitus in many patients but can aggravate existing tinnitus in some and may have no effect on others. Analogy with pain of central origin suggests that the beneficial effects of lignocaine (lidocaine) may be due to its anticonvulsant action. Lignocaine is used as a test to distinguish between different mechanisms of tinnitus and to predict responses to oral anticonvulsants. Dramatic responses with lignocaine are usually associated with cochlear hearing loss and often with comparable though less marked responses to oral anticonvulsants. Patients who do not benefit from lignocaine do not respond to oral anticonvulsants. The action of anticonvulsants is often potentiated by tricyclic antidepressants. The majority of patients who respond to lignocaine can also have their tinnitus effectively masked, as predicted, on a tinnitus synthesizer. A small proportion respond to masking and not to lignocaine and a small proportion to lignocaine and not to masking. Beneficial effects of masking and anticonvulsants are cumulative. Anticonvulsants may also produce subjective improvement in clarity, improved tolerance of hearing aids and increased masking benefit when a hearing aid is worn. PMID- 6799264 TI - Survival of mycobacteria in sputum at different temperatures. AB - In the course of prolonged transport of sputa suspected of the presence of mycobacteria, propagation of the present nonspecific microflora usually occurs, which results in a high number of contaminated cultivations and low cultivation positivity. This unfavourable phenomenon is especially encountered in tropical and subtropical countries with high mean yearly temperatures, where, in addition, the places of sputum collection are often at a great distance from the central laboratories. The present study, accordingly, tested the survival of mycobacteria and nonspecific microflora in sputa stored at 2 - 4 degrees C, 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 1 - 14 days. Over this time span the loss of cultivable mycobacteria was minimal at 2 - 4 degrees C, substantial (by 3 or 4 orders) at 30 degrees C, while at 37 degrees C, their complete destruction occurred between the 4th and the 8th day. The counts of nonspecific microflora, on the contrary, invariably increased by 1 or 1.5 order at the higher temperatures (30 - 37 degrees C) already in the first few days. The study led to the unequivocal conclusions that, for successful cultivation of sputum mycobacteria, the time of their transport should be as short as possible and the transport temperature the lowest possible. It is therefore recommended to use for sputum transport at longer distances boxes with good thermal insulation (walls of polystyrene or polyurethane) provided inside with freezing plates. PMID- 6799265 TI - Analysis of phytoplankton by flow cytometry. AB - Optical properties of eight algae species were measured on a flow cytometer. Forward and perpendicular light scatter measurements provide information on the size and shape of algae cells. The intensity of chlorophyll fluorescence varies greatly among the studied algae species and can be used to distinguish them. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence after excitation with different wavelengths provide a fluorescence excitation spectrum for each species over the available wavelength range. These spectra reflect the different photosynthetic pigment contents of the species. Staining algae cells with the DNA stains, Hoechst 33342 and DAPI, provides two additional optical parameters to distinguish algae populations: blue nuclear fluorescence and yellow granular fluorescence. The combination of these optical measurements enables the distinction of each algae species into a small cluster in a hyperspace of parameters. The automation of phytoplankton analysis on the flow cytometer may lead to the rapid and objective assessment of water quality. PMID- 6799266 TI - [Bromocriptin in the treatment of progressive stages of Parkinson's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Forty patients with severe Parkinson's disease (23 men, 17 women) who had been treated for six years with L-dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor, were part of a placebo controlled double-blind trial to test the effectiveness of bromocriptin. In all patients the effectiveness of L-dopa had been decreasing, 34 patients had L-dopa induced dyskinesias, 35 "on-off" symptoms. Bromocriptin dosage was gradually increased to a total dose of 30 - 40 mg daily. This led to a 25% reduction in L dopa requirements. The symptoms of Parkinson's disease were favourably influenced, with rigor, tremor and also walking disturbances responding better than bradykinesia of the hands. At the same time, there was a marked prolongation of the periods of good mobility ("on" time) from 7 to 10.8 hours without influence on other "on-off" symptoms such as paradoxical akinesia. Two patients had to be excluded from the trial because the treatment caused side effects (orthostatic hypotension, exogenous psychotic symptoms). Other side effects, such as nausea and mild forms of collapse, could be controlled by drugs. PMID- 6799267 TI - [Insulin plus sulphonyl-urea compounds in the treatment of diabetes mellitus of the maturity-onset type (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799268 TI - [New aspects of antinuclear antibodies]. PMID- 6799269 TI - Cardiovascular effects of nasogastric tube feeding in the healthy preterm infant. AB - Th systemic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were estimated by the neonatal Dinamap 847 in 16 healthy preterm neonates in active sleep (AS) before, during and after milk feed by indwelling nasogastric tube. The mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) rose by 10.2% (P less than 0.01) and the diastolic pressure by 8.3% (P less than 0.05) during feeding. The systolic and pulse pressures also rose but individual variation rendered these changes insignificant. The heart rate increased by 6.3% (P less than 0.05) 10 min after the end of the feed. The degree of change in BP and heart rate was unrelated to body weight, gestational age, postnatal age, rate of feeding, volume or duration of the feed. PMID- 6799270 TI - Autoregulation of brain blood flow in the newborn piglet: regional differences in flow reduction during hypotension. AB - The potential use of a piglet as a model for investigation of brain blood flow was evaluated by assessing the presence of autoregulation in 11 spontaneously breathing newborn piglets. Blood pressure was altered by phlebotomy. When the mean arterial blood pressure was greater than 50 mm Hg, no significant change in brain blood flow (microsphere technique) occurred (r = 0.04), indicating the presence of autoregulation. When the animals became hypotensive a pressure passive relationship exists between brain blood flow and mean arterial blood pressure. However, since the piglets breathed spontaneously and hyperventilated during hypotension, both the mean arterial blood pressure and PaCO2 fell and both correlated with brain blood flow. Thus, it cannot be determined which factor is responsible for the reduction in flow. The blood flow to the specific regions of the brain (cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem) and mean arterial blood pressure also showed no correlation when the latter was greater than 50 mm Hg. During hypotension, each region demonstrates pressure passive relationships, but the reduction in blood flow is most pronounced in the cerebrum, less in the cerebellum, and least in the brainstem (mean +/- S.E., 64 +/- 8%, 41 +/- 13%, 32 +/- 13% reductions from control respectively, P less than 0.05). The study indicates that a newborn piglet may serve as an appropriate model for the study of brain hemodynamics particularly with regard to autoregulation. Furthermore, during hypotension, preferential protection of vital regions of the brain (cerebellum and brainstem) occur which may have important implications in interpreting the effect of hypotension on the newborn central nervous system. PMID- 6799272 TI - Induction (or stimulation) of prolactin and growth hormone production in a rat pituitary tumor cell line by bromodeoxyuridine. AB - Under basal conditions, a rat pituitary tumor cell line (C8 11RAP) does not secrete any detectable PrL, FSH, and LH, and secretes only minute amounts of GH (27.1 +/- 0.5 ng/10(6) cells.24 h), as evaluated by RIA. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) added to the culture medium induced the accumulation of PRL into cells and medium, increased that of GH, but did not induce that of LH or FSH. The amount of radioimmunoassayable PRL and GH accumulated in the medium increased after a lag period of 15 days and was drug concentration dependent. Maximal accumulation was 232.9 +/- 36.8 and 493.6 +/- 41.5 ng/10(6) cells.24 h for PRL and GH, respectively, at 50 micrograms/ml BrdUrd. In the presence of BrdUrd (greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml), the cells grew more slowly and were more strongly attached to the flasks. All of the effects induced by BrdUrd were reversible. PRL and GH were characterized by three methods; 1) radiocompetition with increasing dilution of samples; 2) Sephadex chromatography, followed by RIAs; and 3) sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis done on the immunoprecipitate of the proteins secreted by cells incubated with [3H]leucine. Chronic treatment with TRH (3 X 10(-6) M) of cells grown without BrdUrd was unable to increase the production of GH or to induce that of PRL. On the other hand, after the same treatment of cells cultured in the presence of BrdUrd, the amounts of PRL accumulated in the culture medium or cells were increased 2- to 7-fold over unstimulated levels; under the same conditions, GH accumulation in the medium was also increased, but this augmentation was less than that of PRL. These results indicate that BrdUrd simultaneously induces or stimulates the production of PRL and GH in C8 11RAP cells, and that TRH increases the production of both hormones only in BrdUrd-treated cells. PMID- 6799271 TI - Bombesin stimulates prolactin and growth hormone release by pituitary cells in culture. AB - Bombesin (BBS) has been previously shown to stimulate the secretion of PRL and GH in steroid-primed rats. To determine whether these effects were mediated by the central nervous system or were due to direct action on the pituitary gland, we studied the interaction of BBS with GH4C1 cells, a clonal strain of rat pituitary cells which synthesizes and secretes PRL and GH. The addition of 100 nM BBS to GH4C1 cells for 60 min increased PRL release to 140 +/- 3% of the control value (mean +/- SE) and GH release to 133 +/- 5% of the control value. Stimulation of hormone secretion was observed within 15 min of treatment with 100 nM BBS and continued for at least 2 h. Half-maximal stimulation of PRL release occurred with 0.5 nM BBS, and a maximal effect was observed with 10 nM peptide. The BBS analogs ranatensin, litorin, and [Tyr4]BBS, each at a concentration of 100 nM, caused the same stimulation of PRL release as maximal concentrations of BBS itself. BBS stimulated hormone release selectively in two of five different clonal pituitary cell strains examined. Pretreatment of GH4C1 cells with 1 nM estradiol and/or 100 nM insulin resulted in more powerful stimulation of PRL release by both TRH and BBS. When epidermal growth factor and vasoactive intestinal peptide were added simultaneously with BBS, PRL release was greater than in the presence of either peptide alone. In contrast, the stimulatory effects of TRH and BBS were not additive. Somatostatin inhibited both basal and stimulated PRL release. Thus, low concentrations of BBS can directly stimulate PRL and GH release by a clonal pituitary cell strain in culture. These results suggest that BBS may stimulate PRL and GH secretion in vivo by direct action on the pituitary gland. PMID- 6799273 TI - Norepinephrine in Graafian follicles is depleted by follicle-stimulating hormone. AB - The purpose of the present study was to measure norepinephrine (NE) in Graafian follicles and correlate changes in its concentration with circulating gonadotropins secreted endogenously or administered exogenously. Graafian follicles were removed from the ovaries of adult cycling rats. The follicles were pooled in groups of 10-13, and NE was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Follicular NE(picograms per micrograms protein) did not change between 0900 h (3.61 +/- 0.34) and 1300 h (3.12 +/- 0.25) on proestrus, but was reduced significantly to 1.45 +/- 0.16 at 2100 h, which is 4 h after the peak of the gonadotropin surge. There was a further reduction to 0.83 +/- 0.08 in fresh corpora lutea taken on estrus at 0900 h. The decrease in follicular NE was prevented in estrous rats which were either hypophysectomized 24 h previously or treated with sodium pentobarbital at 1330 h on proestrus. To determine which pituitary hormone was responsible for follicular NE depletion, rats were injected at 0900 h on proestrus with LH (5 micrograms), FSH (20 micrograms), LH plus FSH (5 and 20 micrograms, respectively), or PRL (20 micrograms), and follicular NE was determined 4 h later. FSH reduced follicular NE significantly to 1.86 +/- 0.16 compared to both the control (3.12 +/- 0.25) and the PRL-injected group (2.92 +/- 0.32), whereas LH caused a small but nonsignificant decrease (2.49 +/- 0.2). Both LH and FSH doses used resulted in ovulation, as determined by counting tubal ova 12 h after hormonal treatment. We conclude that 1) NE in Graafian follicles is markedly reduced within 4 h after the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in the normal cycling rat; this reduction is prevented when the surge is abolished; 2) the hormone responsible for follicular NE depletion is FSH rather than LH or PRL; and 3) finally, it is suggested that follicular NE may be involved with the formation and/or functioning of the corpus luteum. PMID- 6799274 TI - Ultrastructural and functional characteristics of rat pituitary cell aggregates. AB - Suspensions of isolated rat pituitary cells and gonadotroph- or lactotroph/somatotroph-enriched subpopulations obtained by unit gravity sedimentation were allowed to aggregate by constant gyrotory shaking, yielding aggregates of 100-150 micrometers. Within a few days, the aggregated pituitary cells became organized in a tissue-like configuration. There was no proliferation of mesenchymal cells. Glandular cells had a round to oval shape and formed specialized cell junctions. Areas of close apposition alternated with more dilated intercellular spaces. The different pituitary cell types retained their characteristic ultrastructural features and secretory granules, typical of the various cell types. Functional characteristics could be accurately studied in a superfusion system. LH, FSH, and PRL secretion showed very rapid on-off responses to nanomolar concentrations of the specific regulatory stimuli LHRH, TRH, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and dopamine. Aggregates remained highly responsive to LHRH even after 3 weeks in culture. The results indicate that isolated pituitary cells allowed to reaggregate in suspension culture form viable and functional multicellular structures which have maintained in vivo characteristics. PMID- 6799275 TI - A sex difference in the activation of hypothalamic catecholaminergic and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptidergic neurons after acute castration. PMID- 6799276 TI - Defective central nervous system dopaminergic function in rats with estrogen induced pituitary tumors, as assessed by plasma prolactin concentrations. PMID- 6799277 TI - Effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism on the development of the hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid axis in the rat. AB - The acute and latent effects of neonatal hyperthyroidism (NH) on the hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid axis were studied in the rat after treatment of newborn animals with L-T4 (0.4 microgram/g BW, daily) for a period of 12 days. NH was associated with a permanent reduction in body weight in both male and female rats, in addition to a delay in the attainment of peak concentrations of hypothalamic TRH and pituitary and serum TSH. Serum TSH, T4, and T3 concentrations also were significantly and permanently reduced in NH animals (P less than 0.01) after cessation of L-T4 treatment. The serum TSH secretory response to 1 microgram synthetic TRH also was evaluated in 120-day-old control and NH rats, before and after the administration of L-T4 (0.6 microgram/100 g BW for 7 days) or propylthiouracil (0.05% in the drinking water for 14 days). In the baseline state, adult NH rats had a net secretory response similar to that of controls (189.0 +/- 31.3 vs. 227.0 +/- 29.3 microgram/ml . min). Administration of T4 significantly decreased while propylthiouracil treatment significantly increased the net TSH secretory response of NH rats compared to similarly treated control rats. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that NH leads to a permanent resetting of the regulatory set-point for pituitary TSH secretion and to increased sensitivity to the feedback inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones. PMID- 6799278 TI - Ovarian steroids modulate the self-priming effect of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on bovine pituitary cells in vitro. PMID- 6799279 TI - Properties of the hormonally responsive rabbit luteal adenylyl cyclase: effects of guanine nucleotides and magnesium ion on stimulation by gonadotropin and catecholamines. PMID- 6799280 TI - Studies on the microheterogeneity of follicle-stimulating hormone present within the anterior pituitary gland of ovariectomized hamsters. PMID- 6799281 TI - Effect of pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the release of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in vitro by anterior pituitaries from lactating and cycling rats. AB - The ability of pituitaries from lactating animals to secrete LH and FSH in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied in vitro using a pituitary incubation system. Hemipituitaries were exposed to GnRH for 6 min during each hour of incubation. LH release by anterior pituitaries (APs) from day 5 postpartum rats nursing eight pups, in response to pulsatile exposure to GnRH, was significantly less than that released by APs from diestrous cycling females. Even though the amount of LH released by APs increased as lactation progressed, LH release by APs from day 15 postpartum rats nursing eight pups was still less than LH release by APs from diestrous females. In contrast pituitaries from lactating females nursing two pups released amounts of LH similar to that released by pituitaries from diestrous females, whereas females deprived of their litters for 48 h showed a greater response than diestrous females. Generally, there was a good quantitative relationship between the amount of LH released in vitro and plasma LH concentrations for all the intact groups studied. The ability of lactation to suppress the postcastration rise in serum LH also was demonstrated in vitro as pituitaries from ovariectomized or intact females nursing eight pups released similar amounts of LH on days 5 and 10 postpartum. However, by day 15 postpartum, even though serum LH concentrations were still very low, pituitaries from ovariectomized lactating females released LH in vitro at a rate similar to pituitaries from nonlactating rats. Serum FSH concentrations were not suppressed but similar in intact and cycling females. Also, the total amount of FSH released in vitro in response to GnRH by pituitaries from lactating and cycling females did not differ significantly, even though LH release differed greatly among these groups of animals. However, the patterns of GnRH-stimulating FSH secretion differed among intact lactating, ovariectomized lactating, and nonlactating females. Pituitary LH concentrations were similar on day 5 postpartum and diestrus and on day 15 postpartum and proestrus. Pituitary FSH concentrations on day 5 postpartum were similar to those during diestrus and proestrus and had increased 2-3 times by day 15 postpartum. Generally, there was no correlation between the amount of LH or FSH released by pituitaries in response to GnRH and pituitary gonadotropin content. In summary, the inability of pituitaries from lactating rats to respond adequately to large doses of GnRH in vitro suggests that the suckling stimulus indirectly suppresses pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. This suppression differentially affects basal LH secretion, but not basal FSH secretion, and may be the direct result of inadequate GnRH stimulation in vivo. PMID- 6799282 TI - Evidence that stimulation of thyrotropin and prolactin secretion by thyrotropin releasing hormone occur via different calcium-mediated mechanisms: studies with verapamil. PMID- 6799284 TI - Prediction of spike-wave bursts in absence epilepsy by EEG power-spectrum signals. AB - The EEGs of subjects with absence seizures were examined to determine if changes occurred prior to spike-wave bursts that could be used to predict bursts. A number of 20-s epochs of EEG prior to spike-wave bursts (preburst epochs) and during periods remote from bursts (control epochs) were examined in 5 subjects. Power-spectrum analysis was carried out on each epoch and frequency bands from 0 to 50 c/s were combined into 2-c/s bandwidths. Logarithmically transformed power values in each frequency band were entered into a discriminant analysis algorithm for each subject separately. Results were expressed in terms of a test for significant differences between preburst and control epochs (F statistic) and a "success ratio" of discriminant analysis classification, defined as the proportion of correct classifications in both groups, as obtained using a cross validation procedure. A significant preburst EEG pattern was found in 4 of the 5 subjects, and success ratios ranged from 0.64. to 0.83. Each subject's preburst EEG seemed to be characterized by a unique pattern of changes, and thus no common prodromal signal was found. The EEG changes did not appear to be caused by overt behaviors, such as eye closure or drowsiness. The findings suggest that the preburst EEG pattern represents a functional alteration in brain activity which could arise from the burst-producing mechanism directly. PMID- 6799283 TI - The free fraction of valproic acid in tears, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Valproic acid (VPA) was determined by EMIT assay in plasma, tears, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with epilepsy. Closer correlation was shown between tear/plasma and tear/CSF ratios than between saliva/plasma and saliva/CSF ratios. The VPA CSF/serum ratio was in good agreement with data in the literature. Salivary levels were extremely erratic, while those for tears were much more reliable. Determination of VPA in tears is therefore the best method of studying the VPA free fraction in those cases in which investigations of protein binding of the drug are necessary. PMID- 6799285 TI - Recurrent postictal pulmonary edema: a case report and review of the literature. AB - A 37-year-old woman with a post-traumatic seizure disorder had four well documented episodes of postictal acute pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Subtherapeutic blood concentrations of phenytoin were documented on each admission. Each episode followed one or more grand mal seizures and was characterized by the development of diffuse nodular-appearing alveolar infiltrates, tachypnea, and severe hypoxemia that rapidly resolved with supportive therapy. There was no evidence of gastric acid aspiration, acute lung infection, or underlying heart or lung disease. To determine the frequency of postictal pulmonary edema in our institution, we reviewed the clinical records and chest roentgenograms of 45 consecutive patients who were admitted to our emergency room following a well-documented grand mal seizure. Only one patient (described in this report) had chest roentgenographic evidence of pulmonary edema. A review of the English literature revealed only 11 reported cases of postictal pulmonary edema since 1965 and a total of 42 episodes in 27 patients since 1908. There were no clearly documented cases of postical pulmonary edema following electroconvulsive therapy in 18 published reports totaling more than 38,000 subjects. Our findings suggest that while postictal pulmonary edema may occur repeatedly in the same patient, the overall frequency of this complication is low. PMID- 6799287 TI - The mutagenic effect of platinum compounds in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799286 TI - The epileptic mother and her child. PMID- 6799289 TI - Genetic effects of strong magnetic fields in Drosophila melanogaster: II. lack of interaction between homogeneous fields and fission neutron-plus-gamma radiation. AB - Interaction between mutagenic effects of strong homogeneous magnetic fields and fission neutron-plus-gamma radiation was investigated, using the sex-linked, recessive, lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila males were exposed chronically, for seven days, to a 37,000-G homogeneous magnetic field and/or 3 doses of neutron-plus gamma radiation. Mutations in spermatozoa, spermatids, and spermatocytes were scored. There was no evidence of interaction between the effects of the two types of exposure in causing genetic damage in any of the three cell types. Dose-response relations for the radiation doses were linear for spermatozoa and spermatids for all three doses and for spermatocytes, up to 300 rads. Spermatozoa appear to be most sensitive to neutron-radiation-induced, recessive lethal mutations. PMID- 6799288 TI - Enzyme mutants induced by low-dose-rate gamma-irradiation in Drosophila: frequency and characterization. AB - One thousand lines of a balanced lethal strain of Drosophila melanogaster heterozygous at seven allozyme loci were subjected to chronic (0.15 rad/min) gamma-irradiation (137Cs). After 15 generations of exposure they were screened by gel electrophoresis for newly arisen null mutants and/or mobility variants. Seven independent nulls were recovered. 1) None were associated with a cytogenetically detectable aberration; 2) one of six analyzed was associated with recessive lethality, suggesting association with a submicroscopic interlocus deficiency; 3) three of five which could be analyzed for cross-reacting material (CRM) production were CRM-positive; and 4) two of six produced an active heterodimer with an active normal allele. The results taken together suggest that most of the mutations are point mutations rather than small deficiencies. PMID- 6799290 TI - Evidence that the repair deficient mei-9a female in Drosophila melanogaster is a strong potentiator of chromosome loss induced in the paternal genome by dimethylnitrosamine. AB - From mating of Xc2/BsYy+ males treated or not with 2.5 mM DMN (dimethylnitrosamine) with repair-deficient mei-9a females or with ordinary females, induced frequencies of observed (recovered) chromosome loss were 3.69% and 0.65% and inferred (non-recovered) ring-X loss based on shifts in sex ratio (male male/female female) was 47.9% and 9.4%, respectively. Results indicate that the mei-9a female is a strong potentiator of DMN-induced chromosome damage in sperm and suggest that DMN-induced chromosome lesions are produced in substantially higher frequency in treated sperm than deducible after crosses with repair-efficient females. PMID- 6799291 TI - Glycoproteins containing peanut-agglutinin receptors from human-peripheral-blood T-lymphocyte plasma membranes. AB - A glycoprotein fraction possessing peanut agglutinin receptors has been isolated from detergent extracts of neuraminidase-treated human peripheral blood T lymphocyte plasma membranes with affinity matrices comprising the peanut agglutinin co-valently immobilised on Sepharose 4B. This fraction could be specifically eluted from affinity columns using buffer solutions supplemented with 0.2 M D-galactose and was shown, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (0.1%), to contain four major glycoprotein components with apparent molecular weights of 200000, 190000, 110000 and 95000. It is suggested, from the observed reactivity of these glycoproteins with various lectins in double-diffusion experiments, that they possess both O glycosidically and N-glycosidically linked carbohydrates. PMID- 6799292 TI - Analysis of proteinase A function in yeast. AB - Yeast mutants lacking proteinase A were isolated. One of these mutants (Hb I) is characterized in detail. The mutation called pra1 segregates 2:2 in meiotic tetrads indicating a single gene mutation. No anti-(proteinase A) cross-reacting material can be detected. Diploids heterozygous for pra1 show gene dosage. Thus, it appears that PRA1 might be the structural gene for proteinase A. Results obtained with this mutant show that proteinase A is not a vital component of the vegetative cell cycle. The mutant exhibits normal mitotic growth under rich and poor growth conditions and shows normal mating. Enzymes subject to carbon catabolite inactivation and inactivation of NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, processes which were proposed to be of proteolytic nature, are not affected by the absence of proteinase A. However, protein degradation under sporulation conditions is about 30% reduced in proteinase A mutant cells. The differentiation process of sporulation is also disturbed leading to a 40% reduced sporulation frequency in mutant cells. PMID- 6799293 TI - Effect of carbamination on the buffering power of purified human hemoglobin A solutions at two temperatures. AB - The effect of CO2 on hemoglobin buffering power was studied in purified human hemoglobin A solutions, native and specifically carbamoylated on N-terminal valines, at 26 degrees C and 42 degrees C, in the oxy and deoxy states. Titrations were performed by varying Pco2 and by strong acid or base in the absence of CO2. The participation of N-terminal valines to the total buffering power was estimated by subtracting the buffering value measured on carbamoylated hemoglobin solutions from that measured on native hemoglobin solutions. In the absence of CO2 the buffering value of native and modified hemoglobin increased slightly (less than 10%) (a) on going from the deoxy to the oxy state, and (b) on raising the temperature from 26 degrees C to 42 degrees C. In the presence of CO2 the buffering value of Hb increased from 9.1 to 16.6 mol mol Hb4-1 pH-1 and that of HbO2 from 10.1 to 19.6 mol mol Hb4-1 pH-1 when the temperature was raised from 26 degrees C to 42 degrees C. These figures correspond to a rise in the fraction of the total buffering value attributable to N-terminal valines from 11% to 25% for Hb and from 3% to 33% for HbO2. The present results point to a non-specific effect of CO2 within the hemoglobin molecule independent of that of N-terminal valines. This effect nearly doubles the buffering value for CO2 when the temperature is raised, and contributes to pH regulation and CO2 removal in tissues with a high metabolic rate. PMID- 6799294 TI - Purification and chemical properties of two 1,3;1,4-beta-glucan endohydrolases from germinating barley. AB - Two 1,3;1,4-beta-glucan endohydrolases have been purified from extracts of germinating barley by ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Both enzymes are monomeric, basic proteins. Enzyme I has a molecular weight of 28000 and an isoelectric point of 8.5, while enzyme II has a molecular weight of 33000 and an isoelectric point greater than 10. Enzyme II is a glycoprotein containing 3.6% carbohydrate, of which three residues are probable N-acetylglucosamine, but enzyme I contains only traces of associated carbohydrate. The amino acid compositions of the two 1,3;1,4-beta-glucan endohydrolases are similar and the cross-reactivity of antibodies raised against the purified enzymes suggests that they share common antigenic determinants. PMID- 6799295 TI - Stimulation of myosin heavy chain synthesis in steady-state muscle cultures by the ionophore, A23187, requires transcription of messenger RNA. AB - After approximately one week in culture, embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells are at a steady state with respect to myosin heavy chain (MHC) concentration and synthesis rate. Muscle cells normally synthesize MHC at a maximum rate of 2.3 X 10 4 MHC/min/nucleus and contain approximately 3 X 10 7 MHC/nucleus. These cells also contain approximately 3500 copies/nucleus of MHC mRNA associated with polysomes and 1600 copies/nucleus of MHC mRNA localized in the nonpolysomal fraction. To determine if nonpolysomal MHC mRNA in mature muscle cultures could be recruited into active translation complexes when MHC synthesis was stimulated, muscle cultures were treated with the Ca 2+ ionophore, A23187 (0-1 micro M). The MHC synthesis rate was stimulated by 25 to 50% relative to stimulation of the rate of total protein synthesis in the presence of A23187, but this stimulation was blocked when 10 microgram/ml actinomycin D was also present. These results suggest that even though 30% of MHC mRNA is not actively engaged in MHC synthesis in mature muscle cultures, stimulation of MHC synthesis by A23187 results from transcription of new MHC mRNA rather than from utilization of pre-existing mRNA. PMID- 6799296 TI - Occurrence in various mammalian cells and tissues of the Ca 2+ activated protease specific for the intermediate-sized filament proteins vimentin and desmin. AB - Several mammalian cell lines propagated in suspension and monolayer culture and some normal and cancerous tissues from rat, hamster and cat were screened for the presence of the Ca 2+ activated protease specific for the intermediate-sized filament protein vimentin. Gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 of postnuclear supernatants, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation of extracts from Triton X-100-resistant residual cell structures revealed the presence of the enzyme in all cells and tissues tested. Its apparent molecular weight amounted to 100 000. Except in the cases of a spontaneous rat lung tumour and a rat hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine, most of the enzyme was released into the postnuclear supernatant during cell or tissue extraction, indicating that it is of cytoplasmic origin. There was no correlation between the enzyme level and the vimentin content of cells and tissues. Rat and hamster liver as well as cat kidney, in which vimentin has not been detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were relatively rich in the Ca 2+ activated protease. The experimental results point at the widespread, if not general, occurrence of the enzyme in mammalian cells. PMID- 6799298 TI - Superiority of Micrococcus lysodeikticus to BCG in chemo-immunotherapy of advanced L1210 leukaemia. PMID- 6799297 TI - An immunofluorescence microscopical study of the neurofilament triplet proteins, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein within the adult rat brain. AB - A collection of antibodies specific to different intermediate filament proteins were applied to frozen sections of adult rat brains. The relative distribution of these proteins was then studied using double label immunofluorescence microscopy. Antibodies specific to each of the neurofilament "triplet" proteins (of approximate molecular weight 68 K, 145 K and 200 K) stained exclusively neuronal structures. The distribution of these three antigens was in general identical, except that certain neurofilament populations such as those in the dendrites and cell bodies of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, contained relatively little if any 200 K protein. Some neurone populations, such as the granule cells of the cerebellar cortex, could not be visualized by neurofilament antibodies, indicating that neurofilaments may not be essential for function of all neurones in vitro. Antibodies to GFA and vimentin stained an entirely different population of processes, none of which stained with any of the neurofilament antibodies. Vimentin antibody stained sheath material around the brain, a monolayer of ependymal cell bodies lining the ventricles, fibrous material associated within the choroid plexus, the walls of blood vessels and capillaries, and the processes of cells in certain regions. GFA antibody stained a second layer of sheath material under the vimentin layer, and numerous processes visible throughout the brain. Some specific populations of GFA-positive processes proved to stain also with vimentin. These included the processes of Golgi "epithelial" cells (Bergmann glial fibres), those of certain astrocytes in bundles of myelinated fibers. In addition, some processes apparently derived from ependymal cells proved to stain for both vimentin and GFA, whilst other could only be reliably visualized by vimentin alone. These results are discussed in terms of the previously described morphological characteristics of the various cell types of the brain. PMID- 6799299 TI - Peroxidase activity in mammary tumors - effect of tamoxifen. PMID- 6799300 TI - Characterization of the NPa idiotype through the analysis of monoclonal BALB/c anti-(4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice were fused with the nonsecreting myeloma line X63.Ag8.6.5.3 seven days after immunization with NP-CG (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl) acetyl-chicken gamma-globulin. The hybrid cell lines obtained were analyzed for heavy and light chain distribution, fine specificity, and idiotype. The majority of monoclonal antibodies possessed either gamma 1 or mu chains. The distribution of L chains among these antibodies was approximately half lambda and half kappa . Thirteen monoclonal antibodies were grown as ascites tumors in mice. Examination of their fine specificity patterns showed that all of the lambda antibodies are heteroclitic and have similar fine specificity patterns. Five of the seven kappa antibodies are also heteroclitic, but their fine specificity patterns are more heterogeneous than those of the lambda antibodies. Polyspecific anti-idiotypic sera directed against pooled primary serum antibody (R a-NPa) or against individual monoclonals were used for idiotypic characterization of the monoclonal antibodies. The Ra-NP bound all of the lambda antibodies but none of the kappa antibodies suggesting that the kappa antibodies may be much more heterogeneous and were therefore not recognized in the presence of the more homogeneous lambda antibodies. Further idiotypic analysis demonstrated that the lambda antibodies, although no two are identical, are a very homogeneous group of antibodies which cross-react with one another but not with the kappa antibodies. Some, but not all, of the kappa antibodies cross-react with each other although none are cross reactive with the lambda antibodies. Because the lambda-associated idiotype is recognized by the R a-NPa and its characteristics are similar to that of the C57BL/6 major idiotype (NPb), it is referred to as NPa. There may be a second major idiotype associated with at least some of the kappa antibodies. PMID- 6799301 TI - Primary antibody responses to hapten-modified syngeneic cells: exceptional immunogenicity of erythrocytes. AB - Intravenous injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified syngeneic spleen cells (FITC-SSC) into mice induced T cell-independent, anti-hapten plaque-forming cell responses. In contrast to the high immunogenicity of FITC-coupled SSC or bone marrow cells, thymus, lymph node or peritoneal exudate cells were poorly immunogenic. Further analysis showed that FITC-syngeneic peripheral blood red cells were as immunogenic as FITC-SSC containing a similar number of red cells. The immunogenicity of the red cells was confirmed by treatment of FITC-SSC with 0.83% ammonium chloride before sensitization with FITC. This procedure almost totally abolished the immunogenicity regardless of the concentration of hapten with which they were sensitized. In addition, heat treatment or fixation with glutaraldehyde destroyed the immunogenicity of FITC-SSC. PMID- 6799302 TI - Genetic control of the expression of allelic Ig genes at the VH a locus in a1/a2 heterozygous rabbits. AB - Heterozygous rabbits representing 9 of 15 possible a1 and a2 heavy chain haplotype gene combinations among rabbits in the University of Illinois colony were analyzed for ratios of a1 to a2 in serum immunoglobulin (Ig). The Ig from rabbits of the a1x-y-n81f73g74de12,15 heavy chain haplotype in combination with any of three a2-associated heavy chain haplotypes have higher ratios of a1 to a2 than Ig from rabbits in which a1 is encoded by 4 other heavy haplotypes. For example, the mean a1:a2 ratio for adult a1x-y-n81f73g74de12,15/a2x32y33,- n82,f71g75de12,15 rabbits was 12:1 compared to 5:1 for a1x y33,30n83,f71g75de12,15/a2x32y33,- n82,f71g75de12,15 heterozygous rabbits. Family studies indicated that the a1:a2 ratio was under the control of the heavy chain chromosomal region or a locus closely linked to it. Whether the regulation is due to varying numbers of VH genes and/or J gene segments, a separate regulator gene, or more efficient joining of certain gene segments, has yet to be determined. PMID- 6799303 TI - Ionophore (A23187)-induced efflux of [3H]norepinephrine and endogenous norepinephrine in the rat vas deferens. AB - The calcium ionophore, A23187, produced a concentration-dependent increase in the release of norepinephrine from nerves in the rat vas deferens. Maximum response to A23187 (10(-6) - 10(-5) M) was delayed in onset, occurring 60-80 min after initiation of continuous superfusion with A23187. In fact. after tissue exposure to A23187 (10(-5) M) for only 5 min with subsequent superfusion in A23187-free buffer, a significant but delayed increase in norepinephrine efflux occurred. The A23187-induced increase in efflux of norepinephrine was not altered when neuronal sodium conductance was blocked with tetrodotoxin (3.1 X 10(-7) M) or when Na+, K+ -stimulated ATPase was blocked with ouabain (10(-4) M). Release of norepinephrine by A23187 was calcium-dependent since A23187-induced efflux of norepinephrine was diminished (approximately 50%), although not abolished, in calcium-free buffer. Thus, one component of A23187 action was calcium independent. A23187 caused an increased efflux of both norepinephrine formed endogenously and [3H]norepinephrine taken up into neuronal stores. However, the effects of A23187, both on rate and maximum amount of release were greater for [3H]norepinephrine than for endogenous norepinephrine. The present studies demonstrate that neurotransmitter efflux can be induced by carboxylic ionophores in a calcium dependent process, and this approach may prove useful in studies evaluating factors that modulate neurotransmitter release processes. PMID- 6799304 TI - The action of reserpine, 6-hydroxydopamine, and bretylium on digitalis-induced cardiotoxicity. AB - This study determined whether the protective effect of reserpine against ouabain induced ventricular arrhythmias in the cat is due to an action of the drug on the adrenergic nerve terminal. Reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.) administered 24 h prior to ouabain (2 micrograms/kg per min i.v., until death) increased the dose of ouabain to produce premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and death from 77.3 +/- 5.2 to 105.0 +/- 6.0; 84.9 +/- 5.2 to 132.7 +/- 9.1; and 108.8 +/- 4.0 to 165.7 +/- 10.4 micrograms/kg, respectively (P less than 0.05). When 6 hydroxydopamine (6OHDA; 20 mg/kg i.v.) was given 3 days prior to the experiment, the protective effect of reserpine was not evident. When bretylium (20 mg/kg i.v., 2 h prior to ouabain) was administered to animals previously treated with reserpine, the dose of ouabain which produced premature ventricular contractions, ventricular tachycardia, and death was increased to 109.0 +/- 7.2; 146.1 +/- 12.6; and 165.8 +/- 7.6 micrograms/kg, respectively (P less than 0.05). However, the magnitude of this protective action was similar to that produced by reserpine alone. Lathers et al. (Fed. Proc. 40, 672, 1981) reported that bretylium alone provides protection of a similar order of magnitude as reserpine. Thus, the effects of reserpine and bretylium were not additive; this indicates that the two agents may be acting on the same locus or they may be acting at different sites with the action of one drug masking or blocking the action of the other. Since 6OHDA prevented the action of reserpine on ouabain-induced ventricular arrhythmia and since 6OHDA only produces degeneration of adrenergic nerve terminals, it is probable that the protective effect of both reserpine and bretylium is due to an action at the adrenergic nerve terminal. The heart rate and blood pressure were not involved in the antiarrhythmic effects of reserpine. PMID- 6799305 TI - Possible involvement of nigrostriatal dopamine system in the inhibition of thyrotropin secretion in the rat. AB - The dopaminergic inhibition of cold-stimulated thyrotropin (TSH) secretion was studied in male rats. Serum TSH levels were decreased by apomorphine (1 mg/kg i.p.) but not by dopamine (DA, 0.2--5 mg/kg s.c.). This effect of apomorphine was abolished by haloperidol (1 mg/kg i.p.), metoclopramide and sulpiride (10 mg/kg i.p.) but not by domperidone (0.1--5 mg/kg i.p.). Domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier while the other DA receptor antagonists do so. High doses of domperidone itself inhibited the cold-induced TSH secretion whereas the other DA antagonists did not. DA (1--10 micrograms/rat) into the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) had no effect but 10--50 micrograms/rat into the 3rd ventricle inhibited the cold-stimulated TSH secretion. 6-Hydroxydopamine infusion after desipramine pretreatment (25 mg/kg i.p.) did not affect TSH secretion when given into the MBH (2 micrograms/rat), the 3rd ventricle (100 micrograms/rat) or unilaterally into the substantia nigra (SN, 6 micrograms/nucleus), but bilateral nigral infusions abolished the TSH cold response. The inhibitory effect of apomorphine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) was amplified only in the rats whose SN was unilaterally destroyed. These results show that tuberoinfundibular DA neurons do not affect TSH secretion. Instead, the inhibition is mediated through the hypothalamic projections of the nigrostriatal DA system. PMID- 6799307 TI - An electron microscope study of chromosomal DNA replication in different eukaryotic systems. PMID- 6799306 TI - Long-term effects of nigro-striatal denervation of striatal [3H]haloperidol binding. PMID- 6799312 TI - 'alpha'Aminoisobutyric acid transport in the amphibian crystalline lens. PMID- 6799308 TI - Changes in endogenous cell surface galactosyltransferase activity during in vitro limb bud chondrogenesis. PMID- 6799309 TI - In vivo identification of Tetrahymena actin probed by DMSO induction nuclear bundles. PMID- 6799310 TI - Immunoelectronmicroscopical localization of the three neurofilament triplet proteins along neurofilaments of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones. PMID- 6799311 TI - Proteins associated with the membrane surface of lens fiber cells. PMID- 6799313 TI - Synthesis of glycosaminoglycans in corneal organ cultures. PMID- 6799314 TI - Changes in brain blood flow associated with deltamethrin-induced choreoathetosis in the rat. AB - Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide which produces reversible motor symptoms in mammals involving facial movements, progressive incoordination, and choreoathetosis. These symptoms were found to be preceded and accompanied by increases in blood flow in the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex of conscious rats. Blood flow, measured by the hydrogen polarography method, showed a 2.8-3.8 fold increase in the caudate nucleus and a 1.9-2.6 increase in the cortex after intraperitoneal deltamethrin. The increase in caudate blood flow provided an early and sensitive indicator of the development of motor symptoms, and preceded development of EEG spike discharges. A different pattern of motor symptoms consisting largely of tremor with no choreoathetosis was produced for comparison using another pyrethroid, cismethrin. This, whilst producing a similar increase in cortical flow, did not produce the disproportionate increase in caudate flow characteristic of deltamethrin. Although the actions of deltamethrin were shown not to be restricted to the extrapyramidal system, the selectivity of the blood flow increases, and the nature of the symptoms produced show deltamethrin to be a useful tool for the production of experimental extrapyramidal motor hyperactivity. PMID- 6799315 TI - Dopamine neurones of the ventral tegmentum project to both medial and lateral habenula. Some implications for habenular function. AB - Using the techniques of microdissection and microradiochemical assay for catecholamines, it has been shown that a specific subgroup of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurones project to the medial sector of lateral habenula. In addition a new dopamine pathway, arising from midline VTA neurons, has been shown to project to the medial sector of medial habenular. These findings are discussed and some implications for habenular functions are stated. PMID- 6799318 TI - Multiple angiitis of mesenterial arteries in guinea pigs induced by intraperitoneal administration of high doses of Na2 EDTA. II. Electron microscopic study. AB - By application of high doses of EDTA we could induce angiitis-like lesions in the mesenterial arteries. In this paper we report the findings of electronmicroscopic investigations of these lesions. They consist of dissociation of the smooth muscle cells by scanty intermuscular spaces, probably by loosening of the basal laminae and matrix. Both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells show minimal changes. The elastic lamellae were partially interrupted. PMID- 6799319 TI - In vivo inhibition of citrate cleavage enzyme by polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 6799316 TI - Trypanosoma lewisi: antibody classes which mediate precipitation, agglutination, and the inhibition of reproduction. PMID- 6799320 TI - Detection of gamma-carboxy glutamic acid residues in an extract of cock spermatozoa. PMID- 6799317 TI - Multiple angiitis of mesenterial arteries in guinea pigs induced by intraperitoneal administration high doses of Na2EDTA. I. Light microscopic study. AB - In this experiment multiple angiitis in various phases was demonstrated after intraperitoneal administration of high doses of Na2EDTA. These vascular manifestations induced by hyperexudation may probably be provoked by the loosening of the vascular wall which was caused by the releasing of calcium ions from its structure. In addition to its functional importance, such as muscular contraction, nerve transmission and the cell junction, the calcium ion is more important for the alteration of the molecular structure of acid mucopolysaccharides. Intraperitoneal administration of high doses of Na2 EDTA resulted in dissociation of hte intermuscular spaces with endothelial cell reaction. The metamorphosis of the vascular muscle cells into spindle shaped one could also be demonstrated. The hyperexudation caused by the above procedures induced angiitis-like lesions with round cell infiltration. PMID- 6799322 TI - Development of the hypothalamic-hypophysial-gonadotrophic activities in fetal rats. AB - Pituitary responsiveness to LHRH and anti-LHRH serum was investigated in fetal rats aged 18.5-22.5 days. Synthetic LHRH injection in utero into fetuses brought about a remarkable depletion of pituitary-LH with a corresponding increase of serum-LH on day 18.5. On the contrary, anit-LHRH serum administration to day-20.5 fetuses caused a significant augmentation of pituitary-LH 1 day later. These data indicate that LH-gonadotrophs respond to LHRH even on day 18.5, and that endogenous LHRH begins to affect LH gonadotrophs on day 20.5. PMID- 6799321 TI - Mannitol treatment of cerebral edema in rats with galactosamine-induced severe hepatitis. PMID- 6799324 TI - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the acid hydrolase activity of the myocardium]. AB - A study was made of the effect of hydrocortisone in doses of 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg on the activity of beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and acid phosphatase in the rat heart 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours after single administration of the drug. It was found that the hormone exhibited a stabilizing effect within the first hours of the experiments. Later on labilization of the lysosomal membranes of the myocardium could be observed. The increasing hydrocortisone concentrations induced dose-dependent changes in the activity of the test enzymes. PMID- 6799323 TI - Access of reabsorbed glucose to renal lymph. PMID- 6799326 TI - A physical study of acidic ribosomal proteins from Artemia salina, Bacillus subtilis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus. PMID- 6799325 TI - Uptake of doubly-labelled phosphorylserine in rat brain and intestinal mucosa in vivo. AB - Doubly-labelled phosphoryl-L-serine with a [14C]/[32P] ratio of about 1, was given orally to female rats as a single dose (50 mumoles/100 g body weight), and the radioactivity levels of [14C] and [32P] labelling, together with their ratios, were determined in the small intestine and brain tissue of the rat after 10, 15, 30 and 60 min from administration. Phosphoryl-L-serine enters intestinal mucosa as an intact molecule for short times after dosing, and is then hydrolyzed to free serine and orthophosphate after 10-15 min from administration. The amount of serine found in 1 g of fresh weight of intestine after 30 min averaged to 8-9% of the given dose, and was higher than that detected at the same time after the administration of equimolar amounts of serine. Brain tissue did not show to contain labelled phosphorylserine, but again the levels of cerebral labelled serine were higher than those found after administering serine, averaging after 30 min to 0.2% of the given dose. PMID- 6799327 TI - Protein complements of 80 S ribosomal precursor particles from Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6799328 TI - Bile salt-stimulated lipase in human milk and carboxyl ester hydrolase in pancreatic juice: are they identical enzymes? PMID- 6799329 TI - Mediated uptake of arachidonic acid by rabbit neutrophils. PMID- 6799330 TI - Sources of carbon in hepatic glycogen synthesis during absorption of an oral glucose load in humans. AB - The role of hepatic glycogen is central in the short-term storage and supply of glucose. In the studies described, both glucose and its precursors are labeled and their incorporation into hepatic glycogen is measured during absorption of an oral glucose load in humans. The measurements are accomplished using tracer determined non-steady-state turnover techniques. Mobilization of newly formed glycogen is achieved by glucagon infusions. After ingestion of a 100-g glucose load in normal fasting (12 h) man, no more than 10 g of the glucose taken up by the liver is converted directly into glycogen. On the other hand, by measuring the uptake of 14C from 14CO2 into glycogen and correcting for Krebs cycle exchange of label, at least an additional 15 g of the glycogen formed can simultaneously be accounted for by new synthesis of glycogen from glucogenic precursors. PMID- 6799331 TI - [Effect of intracaudate administration of kainic acid on the activity of the dopaminergic system]. AB - The injection of kainic acid into dorsal part of the rat striatum destroys the neuronal perikarya and dendrites in the site of injection. Within 10 days the concentration of striatal dopamine and its metabolites (homovanillic acid and 3,4 dihydrohyphenylacetic acid) increased, suggesting activation of the nigro striatal dopaminergic system. The increase of dopaminergic activity is due to the generation of GABA-ergic striato-nigral loop. The administration of apomorphine and haloperidol in kainic-treated rats showed that apomorphine exerted its effect on the dopamine metabolism presumably via the presynaptic receptors while haloperidol acted on both pre- and postsynaptic receptors. The use of kainic acid as a means for the study of regulation of dopaminergic system activity is proposed. PMID- 6799333 TI - [A study on the metabolic pathway of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1). Report 1: Change of pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1) in urine during normal gestation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799332 TI - [Role of extracellular pO2 and pCO2 in membrane mechanisms regulating cerebral artery smooth muscle]. AB - The O2 insufficiency and excessive CO2 relaxed the brain arteries smooth muscles abolishing their spontaneous electrical and contractile activity. The hypoxia effects were potentiated in the hypopotassium milieu and weakened in the hyperpotassium and hyposodium solutions. Hypercapnic responses insignificantly both in hypo- and hyperpotassium solutions whereas hyposodium one enhanced them. A decrease of the extracellular PO2 seems to reduce the excitability of membranes and to inhibit the active transport of Na+ and K+. CO2 appears to exert no considerable effect on the active transport processes but to interfere in the intracellular mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation. PMID- 6799334 TI - [The association constant of thyroxine binding globulin for thyroxine in patients with hyperthyroidism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799336 TI - [Studies on the heterogeneity of human prolactin (PRL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799335 TI - [A study of thyroid function in patients with Graves' disease after 5 to 10 years of subtotal thyroidectomy: with special emphasis on TRH tests, T3 suppression tests and antithyroid antibodies in euthyroid patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799337 TI - The office computer: that "toy" can save you money. PMID- 6799340 TI - Transfer of phospholipids between mesosomes and protoplasts from Bacillus subtilis. AB - 1. Phospholipids were more intensively labelled from ammonium [1 14C]glycerophosphate in mesosomes than in protoplasts isolated from Bacillus subtilis. 2. When mesosomes, containing phospholipids labelled from sodium-[32P] phosphate were incubated with non radioactive protoplasts, labelled phospholipids were recovered in protoplasts after incubation. 3. This transfer of phospholipids from mesosomes toward protoplasts is time-dependent. 4. Soluble proteins obtained from Bacillus subtilis after ammonium sulphate precipitation were separated on a Sephadex G-100 column. 5. The two main fractions were able to accelerate the transfer of phospholipids from mesosomes toward protoplasts. 6. The first peak stimulated more actively the transfer of phosphatidylethanolamine whereas the second one preferentially accelerated the transfer of phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. PMID- 6799339 TI - Effect of Na+, K+ and Li+ on pH dependence of in situ beta-galactosidase from E. coli. PMID- 6799338 TI - Purification and partial characterization of the carbohydrate structure of lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidases from bovine brain. AB - 1. The lysosomal forms A and B, and an intermediate form I of N-acetyl-beta-D hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) were isolated from bovine brain, resulting in the following purification factors and specific activities: hexosaminidase A 20255, 103 U mg-1; hexosaminidase B 34715, 134 U mg-1; hexosaminidase I 15241, 78 U mg 1. 2. The molecular weights of the polypeptide chains were identical for each isoenzyme: two bands of 50 and 53 k daltons were found. 3. Carbohydrate analysis showed the presence of mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and sialic acid. This composition, and the absence of N-acetylgalactosamine, indicated that only N glycosidically linked oligosaccharide chains are present. 4. The amino-acid composition showed no substantial differences for the three isoenzymes. PMID- 6799341 TI - LH stimulation of estrogen secretion by cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - The direct effect of LH on estrogen secretion by rat granulosa cells was investigated. Ovarian granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized diethylstilbestrol-treated rats were primed with FSH for 2 days in vitro to induce LH receptors. After the FSH priming, the granulosa cells were washed, and recultured for 4 additional days in media containing aromatase substrate (10(-7) M androstenedione) and purified FSH or LH. After the incubations, estrogen (E), progesterone (P) and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-OH-P) in the media were measured by RIA. When granulosa cells from hypophysectomized DES-treated rats were cultured for 6 days with FSH and androstenedione, the production of E, P and 20 alpha-OH-P was stimulated to a maximum of 100-, 200- and 270-fold, respectively, above that of control levels. In contrast, LH did not increase steroidogenesis in these cells. Following 2 days of FSH priming in vitro, however, the cultured granulosa cells exhibited marked increases (400-600%) in E, P and 20 alpha-OH-P production in response to LH treatment over a 4-day incubation period. This stimulatory effect of LH on estrogen and progestin production was dose-related; the minimum and maximum effective doses of LH for steroid production were 3 and 30 ng/ml, respectively, and the ED50 was calculated to be 6 ng/ml of LH. As with LH, FSH also stimulated steroidogenesis in a dose related manner and the apparent ED50 of FSH on steroidogenesis was 45 ng/ml. To investigate whether LH can also stimulate aromatase activity in granulosa cells primed with FSH in vivo, immature hypophysectomized DES-treated rats were injected for 2 days with FSH after which the granulosa cells were isolated and cultured for 4 days in medium containing 10(-7) M androstenedione and LH or FSH. Both LH and FSH stimulated E, P and 20 alpha-OH-P production, and the maximum steroidogenic responses of LH and FSH were similar to those observed in cultured granulosa cells primed with FSH in vitro. THese results have demonstrated that LH is effective in stimulating both estrogen and progestin secretion in rat granulosa cells pretreated with FSH. This suggests an important role of LH in the direct control of both aromatization and luteinization in the granulosa cell. PMID- 6799342 TI - Calcitonin and phosphate. AB - This report summarizes the relationship of calcitonin to phosphate. The hypocalcemic action of calcitonin is dependent upon phosphate, while the hypophosphatemic action is independent of calcium. Calcitonin moves phosphate into bone cells and bone fluid in contrast to reducing the movement of calcium from bone to blood. Calcitonin acts rapidly and at low doses on the osteocytes and lining cells at bone surfaces. Morphological changes can be identified within 7 min. This action causes the accumulation of an electron-dense material both in bone lining cells and their microenvironment. It is postulated that both the hypocalcemic action of calcitonin and its ability to cause an accumulation of material at bone surfaces may result from the movement of phosphate into these areas. The biochemical action which could produce the phosphate movement is unknown. The possibility is suggested that calcitonin increases phosphate transport into bone cells. PMID- 6799346 TI - Group purchasing: the road ahead. PMID- 6799343 TI - Protein synthesis and accumulation in Drosophila melanogaster imaginal discs: identification of a protein with a nonrandom spatial distribution. PMID- 6799345 TI - Observations by a novel method of surface changes during the syncytial blastoderm stage of the Drosophila embryo. PMID- 6799347 TI - Studies on differentiation without cleavage in Chaetopterus: effects of inhibition of DNA synthesis with aphidicolin. AB - The effects of aphidicolin - a powerful inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and of DNA replication - on normal development and on differentiation without cleavage of Chaetopterus eggs have been studied with cytological, cytochemical, and biochemical methods. The experiments show that the initial period of pseudocleavage can take place in the absence of nuclear DNA synthesis, but further development (segregation, hatching, ciliation) requires DNA synthesis. However ciliated unicellular larvae can be obtained under conditions where the DNA content of the embryos in only 40% of the controls. In fertilized eggs, aphidicolin immediately stops cleavage. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6799344 TI - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing cell surface antigens in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799348 TI - Induction - the main principle of melanogenesis in early development. PMID- 6799349 TI - [Cardiac surgery. Concepts and achievements in the past 10 years]. PMID- 6799350 TI - [Progression and regression of the arteriosclerotic plaque]. PMID- 6799351 TI - Relation between adrenal function and 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary cancer of the rat. AB - The excretion of urinary steroids were investigated in rats in the course of mammary carcinogenesis by 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). The carcinogen was fed to female Sprague-Dawley rats on days 50 and 64 after birth at a dose of 10 mg each. The excretion of urinary androgen, 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroid (11-DOOS), increased temporarily (at 80 days of age) in DMBA-treated rats as compared with non-treated controls. The excretion of adrenal corticosteroid, 17 deoxy-corticosteroid (17-DOCS), was lower than normal in the rats that failed to develop tumors within 200 days after receiving DMBA. The difference between the above non-responders and the tumor-developing responders (or the non-treated controls) was significant at 80 and 120 days of age, but not at 160 days of age. The final tumor weights at 160 days of age were also positively correlated to the excretion of 17-DOCS at 130 days of age. It was indicated that the overall process of DMBA carcinogenesis could be promoted by the endogenous adrenocortical steroids. The possible mechanism underlying the production of mammary cancer is discussed in the light of the metabolic intimacy between DMBA and the adrenal steroids. PMID- 6799352 TI - Experimental studies on cadaver pancreas preserved by perfusion. AB - pancreatic transplantation is the most effective therapy of advanced diabetes mellitus. However, the problem is whether the cadaver pancreas can be used as a donor, because the living pancreas cannot be used as a donor from an anatomical standpoint. In case of the cadaver pancreas another problem is coming up that the pancreas proceeds to rapid autolysis. So, brain death is recommended as the most available condition for this transplantation. In this study we investigated the viability of the cadaver pancreas from decapitated rats preserved by the cold perfusion method. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The perfusing time affected the ratio of degenerative islets/normal islets. A large number of degenerative islets appeared with long perfusion time. 2) The cold (4 degrees C) perfusion method could preserve cadaver pancreas for 5 hours. 3) Insulin secretion of cadaver pancreatic islets preserved for 5 hours under cold perfusion was 60% or more of that of normal pancreatic islets. 4) Three hundred islets from cadaver pancreas preserved for 5 hours under cold perfusion were transplanted into the portal vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Four of these 11 rats recovered from diabetic state and maintained the non-diabetic state for 20 weeks after transplantation. PMID- 6799353 TI - The entire compound autosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Three new unusual compound chromosomes have been synthesized in Drosophila melanogaster. They consist of two homologous autosomes joined together in the new order: right arm, left arm, centromere, left arm, right arm, for each of the two major autosomes, and one in which chromosomes 2 and 3 have been combined in the order: right arm of 2, left arm of 2, centromere, left arm of 3, right arm of 3. The attachments of the autosomal arms were accomplished by obtaining chromosome breaks at or very close to the ends of the left arms of the autosomes such that no essential chromosome material has been removed; the compounds derived from them are therefore referred to as entire compounds. These large chromosomes are recovered in progeny with frequencies lower than expectation partly because of zygote mortality associated with these chromosomes, and partly because of a failure of spermiogenesis. PMID- 6799354 TI - Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster: the genetics of cytotype determination in a neutral strain. AB - The genetic determination of resistance to the sterility-producing genetic elements called P factors was studied in a strain characterized as neutral (Q) in the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis. Sixteen lines were synthesized, representing all possible homozygous combinations of the three major chromosomes and differing maternal cytoplasms of an original resistant (Q) and susceptible (M) strain. The results provide a detailed genetic analysis of the determination of cytotype (which mediates resistance or susceptibility to P factors) in the absence of the P-M dysgenic interaction. They extend the findings of Engels (1979) by providing specific information on both the location and relative magnitude of effect of cytotype-determining chromosomal factors and their interaction over time with maternally transmitted cytoplasm. Cytotype was found to be primarily controlled by the genotype, but the maternal cytoplasm, under some circumstances, has an important short-term effect. Major cytotype-determining chromosomal factors are localized to the distal half of the X chromosome. However, there was also evidence for minor factors located on the major autosomes, particularly chromosome 3. Under certain circumstances, cytotypic switches in either direction can be produced in a single generation by the substitution of an X chromosome carrying a major cytotype determinant. This may provide an explanation of why reciprocal differences have sometimes been interpreted as direct effects of X chromosome suppressors. However, slow but systematic changes of M to P cytotype were observed in five synthesized lines of mixed origin over twenty generations with no chromosomal substitution. Alternative explanations of these changes in terms of delayed effects of minor autosomal factors or of the transposability of cytotype determinants are discussed. PMID- 6799356 TI - Gametic frequency of second chromosomes of the T-007 type in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster in Texas. AB - The T-007 second chromosome, which was isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster in south Texas in 1970, is known to show, when made heterozygous in males with a standard cn bw second chromosome, a transmission frequency (k) of 0.35-much lower than the theoretically expected 0.5. Natural populations of this species in Texas contain second chromosomes that, against the standard cn bw genetic background, are associated with distorted transmission frequencies comparable to that of the T-007 chromosome. In order to explain how such chromosomes can persist in natural populations in nontrivial frequencies, it has been postulated that, although such chromosomes show reduced k values when tested under the genetic background of a laboratory stock such as cn bw, they may show, on the average, k values larger than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. If this were true, the frequency of chromosomes of the T-007 type (T chromosomes) should be higher in male than in female gametes under natural genetic backgrounds. The present study was conducted to examine this possibility. The results clearly showed that the frequency of such chromosomes was much higher among male than among female gametes, and that the transmission frequency of this type of chromosome was higher than 0.5 under natural genetic backgrounds. These results suggest that T chromosomes behave like Segregation Distorter (SD) chromosomes in natural populations of this species in Texas. A possible relationship between T-007 and SD chromosomes is suggested. PMID- 6799358 TI - [Integration of the genome of the Mu-like Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3112 into plasmid RP4 and its hybrid plasmid transfer into Pseudomonas putida and Escherichia coli C600 bacteria]. AB - The genome of a Mu-like bacteriophage D3112 specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa was integrated in vivo into the RP4 plasmid. The fact of integration has been proved by two experiments: 1. The loss of RP4 plasmid is accompanied by loss of D3112 prophage; 2. Transfer of the plasmid by conjugation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa into bacteria of other species - P. putida PgG1 or Escherichia coli C600 leads to the occurrence of clones of these species which liberate phage capable of growing on the lawn of P. aeruginosa bacteria. The integrated state of D3112 inserted into RP4 is stable in P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. putida. The transfer frequency of RP4 with integrated D3112 prophage into different bacteria which do not contain homoimmune prophage is essentially lower than that of the RP4 having no D3112 prophage. Specific manifestation of D3112 genome activity in E. coli cells is the sensitivity of cell growth to lower temperature (30 degrees C) of incubation. PMID- 6799357 TI - Experimental population genetics of meiotic drive systems. III. Neutralization of sex-ratio distortion in Drosophila through sex-chromosome aneuploidy. AB - Laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster were challenged by pseudo-Y drive, which mimics true Y-chromosome meiotic drive through the incorporation of Segregation Distorter (SD) in a T(Y;2) complex. This causes extreme sex-ratio distortion and can ultimately lead to population extinction. Populations normally respond by the gradual accumulation of drive suppressors, and this reduction in strength of distortion allows the sex ratio to move rapidly able to neutralize the effects of sex-ration distortion by the accumulation of sex-chromosome aneuploids (XXy, XYY). THis apparently occurs because XX-bearing eggs, produced in relatively high numbers ( approximately 4%) by XXY genotypes, become the main population source of females under strong Y-chromosome drive. Computer simulation for a discrete generation model incorporating random mating with differences in fitness and segregation permits several predictions that can be compared to the data. First, sex-chromosome aneuploids should rapidly attain equilibrium, while stabilizing the population at approximately 60% males. This sex ratio should be roughly independent of the strength of the meiotic drive. Moreover, conditions favoring the accumulation of drive suppressors (e.g., weak distortion, slow population extinction) are insufficient for maintaining aneuploidy, while conditions favoring aneuploidy (e.g., strong distortion, low production of females) lead to population extinction before drive suppressors can accumulate. Thus, the different mechanisms for neutralizing sex-ratio distortion are complementary. In addition, Y drive and sex-chromosome aneuploidy are potentially co-adaptive, since under some conditions neither will survive alone. Finally, these results suggest the possibility that genetic variants promoting sex chromosome nondisjunction may have a selective advantage in natural populations faced with sex-ratio distortion. PMID- 6799355 TI - An increase in the X-linked lethal mutation rate associated with an unstable locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The behavior of an unstable allele of the singed-bristle locus on the X chromosome was studied in connection with the occurrence of lethal mutations on that same chromosome. The unstable allele, weak singed (snw), is under the control of the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis and, in the M cytotype, mutates secondarily to extreme singed (sne) and to wild type (sn+) at high rates. Chromosomes whose snw allele had mutated in this fashion sustained lethal mutations at a rate of 3%; whereas, those whose snw allele had apparently remained unchanged, acquired lethals at a lower rate, 1.3%. The significant difference between these values indicates a statistical coincidence between the phenomena of snw instability and X-linked lethal mutation induction. This coincidence can be explained by postulating that mutations at the singed locus sometimes release a genetic element capable of reinserting elsewhere in the chromosome. Alternately, snw instability and lethal induction might be associated because they are the effects of a common cause, perhaps some mutation-inducing substance present in various amounts in the germ cells of dysgenic flies. The lethals that occurred on chromosomes whose snw allele had mutated to sne mapped preferentially close to singed. The lethals on the snw and sn+ chromosomes did not show this concentration on the map. Cytological analysis of samples of all three types of lethal chromosomes indicated that, with one exception, there was no detectable breakage at the singed locus itself. The single instance of breakage at singed was not associated with any change in the singed phenotype. Thus, the instability of snw apparently does not involve detectable breakage of the singed locus, or if it does, this breakage is not a common event. PMID- 6799359 TI - Transcription of X-chromosomal segmental aneuploids of Drosophila melanogaster and regulation of dosage compensation. PMID- 6799360 TI - Comparative studies of two male recombination factors (MRF) isolated from a Southern Greek Drosophila melanogaster population. PMID- 6799361 TI - Management of unstable angina pectoris. AB - The diagnosis of unstable angina may be confirmed if an ECG taken during an episode of pain demonstrates ST-segment changes that resolve when the pain is relieved. An intra-aortic balloon device should be used in the rare patient who has recurrent episodes of ischemia despite maximum drug therapy. Coronary angiography should be performed as soon as possible after the device is inserted. PMID- 6799362 TI - Biochemical and therapeutical studies in a case of atrophia gyrata. AB - A thirty-six years old man from an inbred family with the typical clinical picture of Atrophia gyrata chorioideae et retinae was found to have hyperornithinemia and a partial deficiency of ornithin-ketoacid-transaminase activity. The residual activity was stimulated in vitro by high concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate. We have initiated a therapeutic study with vitamin B6 per os accordingly. Comparitively low doses may be sufficient for long term treatment. The necessity to start therapy early in life is emphazised. Possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis of Atrophia gyrata are discussed. PMID- 6799363 TI - [Ophthalmologic findings in trisomy 18 (Morbus Edwards) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799364 TI - [The composition and toxicity of thermal destruction products of fluorine containing synthetic materials]. PMID- 6799365 TI - Macrophages in granulomas: histochemical evidence suggesting local control of heterogeneous functions. PMID- 6799366 TI - [Studies of D-penicillamine (5): effects on rat adjuvant arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - D-Penicillamine (D-PA), 80-100 mg/kg/day enhanced the early phase of adjuvant arthritis (AA) in rats when it was administered orally for about 4 weeks after the adjuvant injection day, whereas dexamethasone (1 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and chloroquine diphosphate (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) inhibited AA in the same dosing regimen. On the other hand, subcutaneous injection of sodium aurothiomalate (12.5 mg/kg/day) enhanced AA initially, but inhibited it later. The enhancing effect of D-PA on the early phase of AA was observed also at doses of 50 mg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day, but, in the case of 200 mg/kg/day, inhibited the later phase of AA. When the administration of D-PA was started before the adjuvant injection, it showed a tendency to suppress AA on proportion to the dosing period. The effect of D-PA, however, was not observed in the model when the drug administration was started after the establishment of arthritis. The co-administration pyridoxine HCl did not influence the effect of D-PA on AA. A good correlation was not obtained between the inflammatory score and the PPD induced skin reaction, serum metals level and histopathological changes of lymph node in the AA rats treated with D-PA. Thus the effect of D-PA on AA was related to dose, timing and duration of the administration. It was suggested that the enhancing and inhibitory effects of D-PA on AA were not based on vitamin B6, depletion, but rather were caused by inhibition of T1 and T2 lymphocytes which may be regulating this arthritis process. PMID- 6799367 TI - [Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on the arachidonic acid induced erythema in guinea pigs (author's transl)]. AB - The inhibitory effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on th erythema induced by arachidonic acid in guinea pigs were studied. Values of ED50 (mg/kg, p.o.) were; diclofenac sodium (19.9), indomethacin (28.1), naproxen (52.4), phenylbutazone (67.1), ibuprofen (81.3), aspirin (92.6). These drugs, however, were ineffective on the erythema induced by prostaglandin E2. Basic nonsteroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and anti-oxidants were negative in the inhibition of arachidonic acid-induced erythema. Cyproheptadine as an anti-histamine and serotonin agent and morphine as a CNS acting agent were also negative. Erythema did not occur following treatment with linoleic acid, linolenic acid and gamma linolenic acid. Bishomo-gamma-linolenic acid-induced erythema was inhibited by diclofenac sodium. The inhibition of acidic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in this system seemed to be the result of a block of the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. The arachidonic acid-induced erythema in guinea pigs can serve as a new animal model for evaluating prostaglandins biosynthesis inhibitors such as anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6799368 TI - Genetic aspects of the epilepsies. PMID- 6799369 TI - Seizures in the newborn and young infants. AB - The electro-clinical features of neonatal seizures were described. Although they were usually secondary to the underlying pathological process, there were a few cases of benign familial convulsions which seemed to be dominantly inherited. In the new born, clinical seizures occurred mainly in active-REM sleep in contrast to those in the older children and adults. Atypical seizures were also seen in young infants, although less frequently than in the newborn. There were a considerable number of epilepsies beginning in the first year of life associated with a favorable prognosis. Unclassified epilepsies manifesting as brief generalized motor seizures with normal interictal EEGs showed the most favorable outlook, while infantile spasms and other secondary generalized epilepsies had the worst outcome. Partial seizures were intermediate between the above two. PMID- 6799370 TI - Epilepsy in middle or advanced age. AB - A clinical study was made on 66 middle-aged and elderly epileptic patients. They were divided for the purpose of study into three groups according to the onset stage. The findings briefly are as follows: 1) about 65% of the patients developed epilepsy when they were over 20 years old, 2) patients over middle age with epilepsy showed a high percentage of complex partial seizures, 3) each group showed specific features in regard to etiological study, 4) regarding control of seizures, 56.1% of the middle and advanced age patients responded favorably on the whole, and 5) 66.7% of the patients showed mental disturbances. PMID- 6799371 TI - Convulsion in the aged. AB - The convulsion and electroencephalographic patterns were examined on 2,625 subjects aged 60 and over. Of these, 2000 were consecutive autopsy cases. convulsion was noted in 4% of the 2,625 cases and the incidence of epilepsy was 0.076%. In 26.4% of 72 cases with cerebrovascular disorders who died during the past two years, convulsion was found, and the value indicated a remarkable increase compared with the previous report. Convulsion was noted most frequently in the acute state of cerebral apoplexy and myoclonus was most common. The prognosis of such cases was poor. The incidence of convulsion in 30 consecutive patients with brain tumor was 13.3%. On 20,000 electroencephalograms, the incidence of the typical spike and wave complex was less than 0.005%. No 6 and 14c/sec positive spike was recognized. PMID- 6799372 TI - The difference between children and adults in the onset of post-traumatic epilepsy. AB - In order to clarify the difference between children and adults in the onset of post-traumatic epilepsy, 96 outpatients of our clinic were investigated statistically. The subjects comprising 40 children and 56 adults were followed up for more than three years. The latency of the children i.e., the interval between a head injury and the onset of epilepsy, was longer than that of the adults. The 95%-confidential interval classified by age group indicated that the upper limits of latency of the group under the age of two, those between three and 14 and those aged more than 15 were about 13, six and three years, respectively. We concluded that children with a severe head injury should be followed up until age 20 and adults for about three years. PMID- 6799373 TI - Plasma levels and pharmacokinetics of antipileptic drugs in children. AB - The Michaelis-Menten pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of phenytoin were evaluated in children. The Vmax was inversely related to age, but there was no such relationship for Km. The fraction excreted in urine as 5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-5 phenylhydantoin, the main metabolite of phenytoin after oral administration, was not significantly different among the patients aged two months to 16 years; suggesting that no functional difference existed between children and adults would alter the drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Children on sodium valproate mono-therapy were divided into three different age groups. The daily dose per kilogram of the body weight correlated poorly with the plasma concentration in each age group. However, the plasma level to dose ratio increased with the advancement of the group age. Also in children treated only with carbamazepine at daily doses of 10-15 mg/kg body weight, the younger age group achieved the lower steady-state plasma concentrations of carbamazepine. In contrast, the concentration of carbamazepine-10, 11-epoxide, the main metabolite of carbamazepine, expressed as a percentage of the parent drug, was higher in the younger age group. PMID- 6799374 TI - The risk of nonfebrile seizures in children who have experienced febrile convulsions. AB - The frequency of development of nonfebrile seizures in 116 children who had experienced at least one febrile convulsion and were followed for more than five to eight years was 4.3% (5 cases). Of these, three cases had prolonged generalized convulsions of the clonid type. (2) The risk factors identified as nonfebrile seizures after febrile convulsions, were the preexisting neurological abnormality or developmental retardation, focal features and more than a 10 minute duration of the first febrile convulsions, and abnormal paroxysmal discharges at the initial interietal EEG recordings. PMID- 6799375 TI - A clinical and electroencephalographical follow-up study for more than 10 years in patients with epilepsy. AB - A clinical and electroencephalographical follow-up study of 10 to 18 years was conducted on 147 patients with epilepsy. Generalized epilepsy was prognostically favorable, but petit mal absence with grand mal was not always good clinically and electroencephalographically as generally accepted. Paroxysmal discharges found in the initial EEGs tended to become more localized in the final EEGs recorded at least more than 10 years later. The migration of spike foci and bilateral independent spikes were found in many patients. Prognostically the EEG background was more important. Fourteen and six-per-second positive spikes and 6Hz spike and wave phantoms had an age dependence as well as 3 Hz spike and wave complexes and these discharges were regarded as prognostically the favorable patterns. PMID- 6799376 TI - A longitudinal study on epilepsy: with special reference to recurrence of seizure after long seizure-free period. AB - The clinical course was investigated of 137 epileptic patients who had been under continuous observation and therapy for the past 11 to 23 years. When a remission of epilepsy was defined as a seizure-free period for three years and a relapse was defined as an occurrence of seizures after the remission, the remission rate was 45%, but 32% of the subjects had experienced the relapse. When the term of three years in the definition of remission and relapse was altered to five years, the rates of remission and relapse shifted to 36% and 20%, respectively. A relapse of seizure was found more often in grand mal of primary generalized epilepsy than other types of seizures. Especially, no relapse was observed in benign epilepsy of children with centro-temporal EEG foci. PMID- 6799377 TI - Aflatoxins B1 and M1: tissue residues and feed withdrawal profiles in young growing pigs. PMID- 6799378 TI - [Development of new methods in suppressing brain infarction--combined administration of mannitol and perfluorochemicals (author's transl)]. AB - Various therapeutic methods have been attempted for cerebral infarction, but the development of more effective methods is still awaited. We have investigations of the effect of mannitol in preventing the development of cerebral infarction and have reported it effects in clinical cases of operated cerebral aneurysms. In recent years, our attention has been drawn to the so-called red cell substitute, perfluorochemicals (FC), which has a high oxygen-carrying capacity and a small particle less than 0.1 mu. In the present studies, using infarction models in dogs which have previously developed and reported, observations are made on the recovery of brain electrical activity in sever ischemia, suppressing brain swelling following recirculation of cerebral blood flow and protection upon the hemorrhagic brain infarction, due to administration of mannitol or FC. These experimental results indicate that the combined administration of mannitol and FC is effective in protecting the brain from cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6799379 TI - The effect of TRH, cyproheptadine and pimozide on the growth hormone response to intramuscular glucagon. AB - Glucagon-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion was studied in healthy subjects under basal conditions (n = 18), and when treated with TRH (n = 10), cyproheptadine (n = 8) and pimozide (n = 6). With glucagon alone, the mean serum GH level significantly increased at 150 minutes and at 180 minutes. TRH administered as a bolus injection completely suppressed the GH response to glucagon. Cyproheptadine pretreatment resulted in a substantial suppression of the GH response to glucagon. A significant difference between basal and post cyproheptadine GH levels was observed at 150 minutes after glucagon. Pimozide pretreatment was followed by a reduction of GH response to glucagon, but the difference between control and pimozide-treated groups was not significant. In conclusion, it is proposed that glucagon-induced GH secretion is at least partly mediated via serotoninergic mechanisms while significant dopaminergic involvement does not seem probable. It is further suggested that TRH plays a substantial inhibitory role in glucagon-stimulated SH secretion. PMID- 6799380 TI - Basal and GnRH-induced release and synthesis of LH and FSH from incubated pituitary glands throughout the 4-day estrous cycle of the rat. AB - A comparative study of the patterns of LH and FSH released and synthesized during the normal estrous cycle of the rat was performed in vitro. Groups of female rats were killed at 09.00 h and 15.00 h throughout the 4-day estrous cycle and the adenohypophysis incubated for 4 h. Pituitary extracts and media were assayed for LH and FSH by radioimmunoassay. Both hormones exhibited maximum concentrations in tissue and medium on proestrus afternoon. The increased release of LH occurred during the day of proestrus, while that of FSH lasted from the afternoon of proestrus to the morning of estrus. Synthesis of LH exhibited a marked rising phase from the afternoon of diestrus-2 through the morning of estrus. When release and synthesis of LH and FSH were expressed as percentages of hormone concentration at the beginning of the incubation period, the percentages of FSH were greater than those of LH at all stages of the cycle. Addition of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to the incubation medium was followed by a dose-dependent increase in release and synthesis of both LH and FSH. Pituitary responsiveness to GnRH reached a peak on the afternoon of proestrus and fell to a minimum during diestrus. Whereas maximum LH responsiveness correlated with the proestrus discharge of the hormone , that of FSH ceased before the basal release of the hormone, which terminates on estrus. The possible role of sex steroid hormones in regulating in vitro secretion of gonadotrophins and pituitary sensitivity to exogenous GnRH is discussed. PMID- 6799381 TI - Dissociation of thyrotropin and prolactin responsiveness to thyrotropin releasing hormone stimulation in L-dopa treated parkinsonian patients. AB - The hPRL, hTSH and T3 response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation (200 microgram i.v.) were studied in 8 parkinsonian patients under chronic L-dopa carbidopa therapy. In 6 out of the 8 patients studied, treatment was stopped for a period of 2 weeks and the TRH stimulation test was repeated under similar experimental conditions. In the L-dopa-carbidopa treated patients basal hTSH levels and the hTSH response to TRH were significantly suppressed. By contrast, in the 6 patients 2 weeks after cessation of treatment, although basal hTSH levels were still suppressed, a normal hTSH response to TRH was observed. Neither the basal T3 and T4 concentrations, nor the T3 response to TRH were affected by the L-dopa-carbidopa treatment. In addition, basal hPRL levels as well as the hPRL: response to TRH were within the normal range in the two groups of patients studied. Our study provides further support for a dopaminergic inhibitory action on the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroidal axis (HHTA). The inhibition of basal hTSH secretion and th hTSH response to TRH by L-dopa, suggest that the blocking action of dopamine is exerted at the hypothalamic as well as at the pituitary level. In our hands, chronic administration of L-dopa did not affect either tonic hPRL secretion of the hPRL response to TRH. The dissociation or response to TRH under the same inhibitory action of dopaminergic stimulation can be interpreted as demonstrating a greater sensitivity of the pituitary thyrotrophs, than the prolactin secreting cells, to the blocking effect of dopamine. PMID- 6799382 TI - Differential effects of bromocriptine treatment on LH release and copulatory behavior in hyperprolactinemic male rats. PMID- 6799383 TI - Competition in health care: a second opinion. PMID- 6799384 TI - Clinical and endocrine spectrum in patients with the 45,X/46,XY karyotype. AB - Cytogenetic and endocrine studies were performed in five unrelated 45,X/46,XY individuals in an attempt to correlate them with their clinical expression and gonadal morphology. A lack of a consistent pattern between cytogenetic findings and phenotype was observed. Endocrine studies revealed a wide spectrum of hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal hormone production as assessed by the base line levels of LH, FSH, T, and delta 4-A and their responses to appropriate exogenous stimulation (LH-RH and HCG). An adequate correlation between endocrine findings with gonadal morphology and phenotype could be established; thus demonstrating that patients with this particular chromosome complement have a functional integrity of the gonadotropin hypothalamic pituitary activity modulated accordingly with the gonadal function of each particular case. PMID- 6799385 TI - Mutagen-induced sister chromatid exchange rate in Bloom syndrome remains unaltered in the presence of Bloom corrective factor. AB - Fibroblasts of a patient with Bloom syndrome (GM-1492) were cultured in the presence of either mitomycin C, ethylmethanesulfonate, or 4-nitroquinoline-1 oxide, (4-NQ1-O) and sister chromatid exchange was determined. The mutagens enhanced the sister chromatid exchange rate to different degrees, 4-NQ1-O being the most potent substance. Bloom corrective factor, which is present in normal cell-conditioned culture medium, reduced the spontaneously increased SCE in Bloom syndrome cells by about 20 SCE per metaphase but failed to reduce the additional mutagen-induced SCE increase. These findings indicate that only spontaneously, but not mutagen-induced, SCE in Bloom syndrome fibroblasts can be decreased by the Bloom corrective factor. PMID- 6799388 TI - Variations in the intensity of BCG-potentiated alloimmune anti-tumor responses: the differential stimulation of T-cell subpopulations. AB - The interexperimental variation often observed following the repeated monitoring of immune phenomenon was analysed using the alloimmune cellular response that developed in the spleens of B6AF mice following a challenge with Mastocytoma P815 X2 and intervention with BCG. The response, mediated solely by T cells, could be defined in terms of the involvement of nylon-wool adherent and nonadherent T cells. The relative contribution of each cell type to the response was found to vary considerably and could be use to define the interexperimental variation. Hence when a given treatment resulted in a poor response, the major contributors were nonadherent to nylon-wool, while when the same treatment yielded a good response, adherent cells became the predominant contributors. It was concluded that the inter-experiment variations observed here were a biological event, rather than an experimental artefact, being a function of the relative contribution of different T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 6799387 TI - Biological and cultural determinants of immunoglobulin levels in a Brazilian population with Chagas' disease. PMID- 6799389 TI - Membrane-bound and cellular immunoglobulins in human B-lymphoma lines and derived hybrids. AB - Hybrids derived from the fusion of cell lines representing different maturation stages were studied for their membrane and cellular immunoglobulin expression. The hybrids can be subdivided into 3 groups, with one common parental line in each group. In the first group, Raji cells represent the common parent: it contains small amounts of membrane and cytoplasmic mu (mu) and kappa (kappa) chains. In the second group, PUT is the common parent, an ouabain and TG resistant subline of the BL-derived P3HR-1 line. PUT contains a truncated intracellular mu chain. The third group consists of hybrids between K562, an EBV negative human erythroleukemia line and 2 different BL lines. Membrane immunoglobulin expression was intermediate between the parental lines in the first two groups derived from the fusion of 2 BL lines. In the third group, hybridization with the K562 cell suppressed the membrane-Ig expression of the B cell partner. Total cellular immunoglobulin determinations showed that some cells synthesized light chains in excess of heavy chains, others contained an excess of heavy chains, while still others had equal amounts of heavy and light chains. The hybrids showed a variety of patterns, including amplification of the parental phenotypes, appearance of new phenotypic combinations, and eclipse of one or both parental phenotypes. A comparison of the total and the membrane-associated immunoglobulin patterns suggests independent handling of intracellular and membrane immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6799386 TI - Diphenoloxidases in X-linked recessive (Duchenne) muscular dystrophy. AB - In extracts derived from whole blood, a high molecular weight fraction of the diphenoloxidase enzymes has a significantly diminished specific activity in patients and definite carriers (heterozygotes) of the X-linked, recessive (Duchenne) form of muscular dystrophy. This anomaly was studied using spots of blood which had been collected on absorbent paper and stored at 4 degrees C for variable periods of time. Fractions enriched in the enzymes were obtained by subjecting aqueous extracts of the spots to treatment with an anion exchange resin (DEAE Sephadex A 50) followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-25. It is of interest that this anomaly was observed in some definite carriers of the mutant gene who had on several occasions a serum creatine kinase level in the normal range. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6799390 TI - Impaired intestinal localization of mesenteric lymphoblasts associated with vitamin A deficiency and protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - We examined whether protein-calorie (PC) and vitamin A (VA) deficiencies altered the intestinal localization of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) lymphoblasts using an adoptive lymphocyte transfer method. MLN cells from donor rats were labelled in vitro with [125I]-deoxyuridine and injected i.v. into various recipients. Twenty two to twenty-four hours after transfer of labelled cells prepared from PC deficient donors, the percentage of radioactivity in the small intestine of normal recipients was two-thirds of that detected after transfer of cell obtained from normal donors. When donor cells were obtained from rats suffering both PC and VA malnourishment, this decrease was even greater, being only one-third of the normal donor cell control. Other experiments indicated that the defect in localization behaviour was associated with the donor blasts and not the recipient intestine. These findings suggest that defective localization in mucosal lymphoblasts may be a factor contributing to morbidity in malnourished populations. PMID- 6799391 TI - Chemical typing of human kappa light chain subgroups expressed by human hybrid myelomas. AB - Hybrids between human spleen cells and the non-secretor NSO mouse myeloma, and also between the rat non-secretor line YB2/O and human peripheral blood cells were prepared. After a month in culture very few hybrids retained the ability to secrete the human kappa light chain. From these, clones could be derived which remained stable over several months of continuous culture. On incorporating [3H] Leu into the culture medium the cells secrete large amounts of radioactive light chain. It is shown that, even without dialysis, the purity of the preparation is sufficient for an automatic N-terminal sequence analysis at the radioactive level. From the pattern of distribution of leucine in the first twenty-two amino acid residues, it is possible to assign the synthesized light chains to one of the four established human subgroups. The method permits a fast and simple classification of human light chains secreted by hybrid myelomas. Although tested with rodent x human hybrids, we see no reason why the method could not equally apply to human x human hybrids. PMID- 6799392 TI - Exposure of the Rh0(D) antigen on the surface and cytoplasmic domains of the red cell membrane. AB - Inside-out (IO) and right-side-out (RO) vesicles derived form human red blood cells were tested for their ability to bind 125I-labelled IgG anti-RHO(D). The binding of anti-RHO(D) to RO vesicles from RHO(D)-positive cells was quantitatively similar to that exhibited by intact cells when compared on a membrane surface area basis. There was no significant binding of labelled antibody to IO vesicles from RhO(D)-positive cells or to either RO or IO vesicles derived from RhO(D)-negative cells. The RhO(D) antigen was immunologically accessible on only the plasma side of the membrane in RhO(D)-positive red cells, as has been shown for blood group antigens defined by carbohydrate determinants. No immunologically reactive RhO(D) antigen was present on either RO or IO vesicles derived from RHO(D)-negative red cells. PMID- 6799394 TI - Immunochemical and biochemical study of an abnormal heavy chain of bovine IgG1. AB - An abnormal heavy chain (HC) protein of IgG1 was isolated from the serum of a leukemic cow by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column with the following ion exchange chromatography. The HC protein migrated electrophoretically in the anodic region. The molecular weight of the untreated HC protein was about 48,000. Enzymatic treatment with papain and reduction with beta-mercaptoethanol showed no effect on the protein. Antigenic analysis of the HC protein using a specific rabbit antiserum against bovine IgG1 showed a complete identity with the Fc fragment and a partial identity with the intact bovine IgG1. Antigenic determinants of the light-chain were not found. The HC protein consisted of only one polypeptide chain. PMID- 6799393 TI - Influence of conjugated oestrogens on circulating oestradiol, oestrone, LH, FSH and prolactin levels in postmenopausal women. AB - The effects on plasma 17-beta-oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1), LH, FSH and prolactin (PRL) levels of 1.5 mg conjugated oestrogen, administered daily per os for 20 consecutive days, was investigated in six postmenopausal women aged 60-68. Both E2 and E1 increased progressively and significantly (p less than 0.001) from 18 and 28 pg/ml to 32 and 108 pg/ml, respectively, at the end of treatment; five days after the last dose both E2 and E1 had fallen to pretreatment levels (p greater than 0.05). LH and FSH decreased progressively and significantly (p less than 0.001) from 114 and 105 mlU/ml (before therapy) to 43 and 36 mIU/ml, respectively, after oestrogen administration. One week after interruption of treatment, both LH and FSH were significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that obtained at the end of therapy. No significant variation (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02) was observed for plasma PRL during and after oestrogen administration. Such results indicate that in postmenopausal women the specific enzymatic mechanism of oestrogen interconversion are maintained and that there is no increase of prolactin. IN this was, the possible effects on the development of breast cancer by elevated levels of this hormone, usually observed during long term oestrogen therapy, would be avoided. PMID- 6799395 TI - Role and strain distribution of genes controlling light chains needed for the expression of an intrastrain cross-reactive idiotype. AB - Several strains of mice were tested for their capacity to provide immunoglobulin L chains required for the expression of the major cross-reactive idiotype (CRIA) associated with p-azophenylarsonate-specific antibodies of strain A mice. To facilitate testing, mice were bred that were homozygous for Igh-Ce and Lyt-2a, 3a, i.e., they possessed genes controlling H chains but not L chains required for expression of the CRIA. Such male mice were mated to females of various strains and their offspring were tested; expression of CRIA indicated the presence in the female parent of genes controlling the appropriate L chains. All females bearing the Lyt-2a, 3b or Lyt-2b, 3b genotype yielded offspring, most of which were CRIA+, whereas all the offspring of females that were Lyt-2a, 3a were CRIA-. The female parents included mice of several strains that are congenic for Lyt-2a, 3a, Lyt-2b, 3b or Lyt-2a, 3b, thus demonstrating very close linkage between the Lyt loci and the expression of CRIA. In addition, doubly congenic strains of mice with the heavy chain allotype of the CRIA+ AL/N strain and the Lyt-2a, 3a genotype on a BALB/c background failed to express CRIA. The data provide further evidence for the similarity of repertoires of L chains in Lyt-3b mice of various strains. When genes were present controlling A/J H chains and L chains of C57BL/6 or BALB/c origin, the quantitative expression of CRIA was only slightly lower than that observed in A/J mice. Mice possessing genes controlling the H or L chains required for CRIA expression, but not both, did not express CRIA but synthesized Ar-specific antibodies which contained low but significant concentrations of the idiotype-associated chain. PMID- 6799397 TI - Ocular neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6799396 TI - Metabolic activation of aromatic amines and azo dyes. AB - Aromatic amines, amides and nitro compounds are a class of chemicals that produce tumors in a wide variety of tissues in experimental animals, including liver, urinary bladder, forestomach, small intestine, Zymbal's gland, subcutaneous tissue or skin. In man, exposure to some aromatic amines is associated with tumours of the urinary bladder and carcinoma of the renal pelvis. Their biological activity as carcinogens or genotoxic agents is, in all the cases that have been studied in detail, dependent on metabolic activation in vivo, occurring by multiple pathways. Differences in these metabolic pathways may largely account for the differences in tissues and species susceptibilities to cancer induction. Carcinogenicity of aromatic amines or amides is dependent on their oxidation to N hydroxy derivatives, whilst the carcinogenicity of aromatic nitro compounds is linked to their reduction to hydroxylamines. Further conversion of the N hydroxylamine or N-hydroxyamide to reactive intermediates can occur in several ways, which include (i) esterification of the N-hydroxy group, (ii) non-enzymic protonation of the nitrogen of the hydroxylamine and (iii) oxidation to a free radical of arylhydroxamic acids. Following generation of such reactive electrophilic intermediates in tissues or cells, macromolecular binding has been observed to nucleic acids and proteins. In many cases, arylamidated and arylaminated products are formed with nucleic acid bases; in the case of the well studied 2-acetylaminofluorene, nucleophilic atoms of guanine are the predominant site of reaction. Relatively little is known of the structure and biological consequences of DNA adducts formed from other aromatic amines, amides or nitro compounds; more research in these directions is warranted. PMID- 6799398 TI - Human cyclopia with associated microstoma and and anencephaly (a case report). PMID- 6799399 TI - Quantitation of glycosaminoglycans of rabbit lung during delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and granuloma formation. AB - The specificity and kinetics of hyaluronic acid (HA) accumulation in relation to other glycosaminoglycans (GASs) were determined in rabbit lungs during an allergic granulomatous response to BCG, an allergic nongranulomatous response to tuberculoprotein, and during a foreign-body granulomatous response to carrageenan. Hyaluronic acid was the only GAG detected in the lung lavage fluids. Hyaluronic acid occurred in the airways on day two of the allergic granulomatous response, but its presence in the airway did not correlate with ensuing granuloma formation in the parenchyma. Generalized increases in GAG of the parenchyma also peaked on day two of the DTH responses. Generalized increases in GAG peaked on day five during the foreign-body granulomatous response to carrageenan. A persistently elevated level of HA in the lung tissue correlated with granuloma formation but not with the intensity of the response. PMID- 6799400 TI - Bradykinin-stimulated prostaglandin E2 production by endothelial cells and its modulation by antiinflammatory compounds. AB - Prostaglandin production was studied in cultures of pig aorta endothelial cells using radioimmunoassay, radiochromatography, and smooth muscle bioassay. PGE2 was produced in higher concentrations than other prostaglandins. Bradykinin produced a rapid dose-related stimulation of PGE2 production. These results provided the basis for establishment of a simplified test system for investigating new compounds which alter prostaglandin synthesis and might therefore affect inflammatory response. It was also observed that these endothelial cells do not metabolize prostaglandins via 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. PMID- 6799402 TI - Malleolar fractures treated with rigid internal fixation and immediate mobilization. AB - Twenty=eight consecutive patients with displaced malleolar fractures were treated with anatomically exact open reduction, rigid internal fixation and immediate postoperative exercises, following the principles of the Swiss ASIF group. There were no operative or postoperative complications. One patient had a minor abscess over a loosened screw, while 1 patient developed pes equinus that required treatment. AT follow-up 2 to 12 months after the operation, 25 patients were walking normally. The movements of the ankle joint were excellent or good in 25 patients. The method is recommended. PMID- 6799401 TI - [Trials with the native physiological tube-feeding diet Nutro-Drip after maxillofacial operations]. AB - 40 patients, who underwent maxillo-facial surgery, were fed with the native physiological diet Nutro-Drip via nasogastric tubes for 10 days. Due to intolerance in 5% of the patients, the nutrition had to be interrupted. The other patients received 1500-2500 ml Nutro-Drip per 24 h (= 1605--2675 kcal = 6780 11300 J). Transient side effects were: diarrhoe 3,8%; nausea 0,8%; eructation and/or heartburn 1,1%; squeezing of the stomach 1,1%. In these patients nutrition with Nutro-Drip was not interrupted. The mean frequency of defecation was 0,81/day. There were no significant changes in body weight, serum electrolytes, water balance, blood sugar, liver enzymes, serum cholesterol, and acid-base balance during the feeding with Nutro-Drip. Immediately after surgery there was a statistically significant decrease in potassium, protein, and albumin levels in the serum with the tendency to normal values during Nutro-Drip feeding. During the postoperative period the urea content of the serum increased continuously without altering creatinin levels in the serum. Nutro-Drip seems to be very suitable for tube-feeding in patients with normal gastro-intestinal tract. PMID- 6799403 TI - Complement consumption gonococcal peptidoglycan. AB - Purified peptidoglycan (PG) obtained from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was tested for the ability to consume complement in normal human sera. Sonicated PG (S-PG), a heterogeneous mixture of soluble fragments (molecular weight, greater than 10(6)), as well as intact (insoluble) PG, reduced the level of whole hemolytic complement in a pool of four human sera. The minimal concentration of S-PG required for this activity was approximately 500 micrograms of S-PG per ml of serum. Complete lysozyme digestion of S-PG, yielding PG fragments of less than 10(4) molecular weight, eliminated complement-consuming activity. S-PG-mediated complement consumption resulted in depletion of the individual complement components C4 and C3. Consumption of complement did not occur when C4-deficient human serum or normal human sera treated with Mg2+-(ethylene glycol-bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid to specifically impair classical complement pathway activity were used. The addition of rabbit anti-PG antibody greatly enhanced gonococcal PG-mediated complement consumption. Together, the data suggested that gonococcal PG-mediated complement consumption occurred via the classical complement pathway, was dependent on the presence of anti-PG antibody, and required glycosidically linked polymers of PG. Individual human sera varied widely in the extent of gonococcal PG-mediated reduction of complement levels, presumably a reflection of either different amounts of natural antibody to gonococcal PG, different levels of human PG hydrolase(s) capable of degrading PG to inactive fragments, or both. PMID- 6799405 TI - Cell walls, peptidoglycans, and teichoic acids of Gram-positive bacteria as polyclonal inducers and immunomodulators of proliferative and lymphokine responses of human B and T lymphocytes. AB - In this study the mitogenic and immunomodulating effects of bacterial cell wall preparations were investigated. Cell walls, peptidoglycans, and teichoic acids from Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus Wood 45 activated both human T cells (supplemented with 10% monocytes) and B cells to proliferate and to produce leukocyte-inhibitory factor. Similar results were obtained with adult and umbilical cord blood cells, suggesting that these bacterial preparations were acting as mitogens. Cell walls and peptidoglycans had a modulating effect on purified protein derivative- or protein A-induced proliferation. In the presence of suboptimal concentrations of these stimulants, bacterial components enhanced the proliferative response. However, at optimal concentrations of purified protein derivative or protein A, bacterial components suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Peptidoglycans solubilized by lysozyme activated B lymphocytes but not T cells. Solubilization had no effect on the immunomodulating capacity. PMID- 6799406 TI - Genetics of murine resistance to Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Resistance to the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is governed by multiple genetic factors, including at least one coded for by a locus in or near the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse. The influence of the H-2 locus on resistance was evident when H-2 congenic mice on a strain background of intermediate resistance were challenged or when the survival of H-2 typed F2 mice was followed. The H-2k haplotype of the susceptible C3H/An strain was associated with higher mortality when compared with the H-2b haplotype of the resistant C57BL/10 strain. Genetic studies showed that resistance was a dominant trait and increased with genetic heterozygosity. F1 mice derived from crosses between resistant and susceptible strains, or even between two susceptible strains, were much more resistant than either parent. Crosses between two resistant strains, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J, led to resistant progeny in the F1 and F2 generations; but when recombinant inbred strains derived from these parental strains were challenged, susceptible strains were identified, indicating that different genes were responsible for resistance in the two strains. PMID- 6799404 TI - Modulatory effect of iron on the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mouse corneal infections. AB - The iron concentration of the culture medium used to prepare the inocula influenced the pathogenesis of mouse corneal infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. When the parental strain PAO1 was cultured in high-iron medium (5 micrograms of Fe per ml), it was less virulent than when it was cultured in low iron medium (0.05 microgram of Fe per ml). The iron concentration of the growth medium had no effect on the virulence of a P. aeruginosa mutant which was resistant to the iron regulation of toxin A yields (PAO-toxFeR-18). A severely defective iron transport mutant, PAO-toxFeR-10, was avirulent regardless of the iron concentration of the growth medium. These studies indicate that both iron acquisition and iron regulation of toxin production are important factors in the determination of P. aeruginosa virulence. PMID- 6799407 TI - Enhanced adoptive transfer of immunity to Listeria monocytogenes after in vitro culture of murine spleen cells with concanavalin A. AB - In vitro incubation of spleen cells with T-cell mitogens has been shown to augment cytotoxic and cytolytic T-cell function. The plant lectins Concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin were employed in a similar fashion to investigate their abilities to enhance cell-mediated immunity to the microbial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Spleen cells from immune mice were incubated in vitro with Concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin before passive transfer into normal recipients. Results indicated a 10- to 100-fold enhancement in the ability of these cells stimulated in vitro to transfer antilisterial resistance, as assayed by changes in 50% lethal dose values and enumeration of splenic bacterial proliferation. PMID- 6799409 TI - Studies on the binding of immunoglobulins and immune complexes to the surface of human platelets: IgG molecules react with platelet Fc receptors with the CH3 domain. AB - Suspensions of human platelets were incubated with various immunoglobulin preparations and subsequently stained with FITC-conjugated antisera. Incubation with monomeric, IgG, but not with monomeric IgM, IgA, IgD nor with IgE, gave a positive staining of the platelets. Incubation of platelets with monomeric IgG1 and IgG3 as well as with Fc and pFc'-fragments from IgG3 also gave a positive staining while incubation with monomeric IgG2 and IgG4 did not. Thus, IgG binds to Fc receptors on the surface of human platelets with the CH3 domain of the Fc region. Heat aggregation also caused binding of IgG2 but not with IgG4 proteins to human platelet Fc receptors. The majority of platelet preparations both from ITP and SLE patients gave a positive staining using direct immunofluorescence technique. Incubation of normal human platelets with sera from ITP and SLE patients gave a strong surface staining of normal platelets. Strong staining was also obtained with pepsin-digested sera from most patients with ITP while pepsin digested sera from patients with SLE did not give a positive staining. It is therefore concluded that the majority of sera from patients with ITP contain antibodies with specificities for platelet surface antigens while sera from patients with SLE contain immune complexes that react with platelet Fc receptors through the Fc parts of the IgG antibodies. PMID- 6799408 TI - Essential role of calcium in cellular internalization of Pseudomonas toxin. AB - Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE) has been shown previously to enter mouse LM cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis, to block protein synthesis, and to cause cell death. The requirement for the divalent cation calcium in the binding and internalization of PE was examined. Biochemical studies showed that depletion of extracellular calcium with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N' tetraacetic acid protected cells from the action of PE when the chelator was present during the internalization step. Extracellular calcium was not required for binding. We observed with immunoelectron microscopy that, in the cold, toxin bound to cell surfaces equally well in the presence or absence of chelator. In the presence of chelator, toxin was not cleared from the cell surface when cells were warmed to 37 degrees C. Replenishment of calcium (2 mM CaCl2), however, allowed normal rapid clearance of PE to occur. We suggest that internalization, but not binding, of PE by LM cells requires extracellular calcium. PMID- 6799410 TI - Idiotypic and structural analysis of monoclonal human immunoglobulins with anti streptolysin O activity. AB - The class, subclass and light chain distribution of eight myeloma proteins with anti-streptolysin O activity (ASO) in sera studied by our group and in cases from the literature indicates a predominance of the IgG1 kappa subclass and type of immunoglobulins. Three IgG myeloma proteins (O.I., L.F. and A.S.) were further characterized with respect to idiotypic cross-reaction and variable region subgroup. The anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) against protein O.I. and against protein L.F. both indicated idiotypic cross-reaction between O.I. and L.F. While in the case of anti-IdL.F. this cross-reaction was in the order of 5% it was much weaker when studied with anti-IdO.I.. The reaction between O.I. and anti-IdO.I. could be inhibited to 95% by the antigen streptolysin O, indicating that the idiotypic determinants are associated with the combining site. N terminal amino acid sequence analysis showed that all three light chains fall in the V kappa III variable region subgroup. The heavy chains of proteins O.I. and L.F. with idiotypic similarities both have blocked N-termini, indicating the presence of the VHI or VHII subgroup while protein A.S. belongs to the VHIII subgroup. PMID- 6799411 TI - BL-5255. I. Activity in animal models of immediate hypersensitivity reactions. AB - BL-5255 exhibited potent activity in several models of antigen-induced immediate hypersensitivity reactions in rats and guinea pigs. The compound was effective whether administered by oral or parenteral routes and in passively and actively sensitized animals. It appeared to be readily absorbed when given orally. Localized skin and bronchoconstriction reactions in rats were inhibited by the compound by oral doses at 0.014 and 1 mg/kg, respectively. BL-5255 was protective against both IgE- and IgG-mediated reactions in the rat and guinea pig. Its effectiveness versus the systemic anaphylaxis reaction in the guinea pig appears to be due to BL-5255's ability to inhibit both the IgE and IgG1 components of the reaction. PMID- 6799412 TI - Bioavailability of a slow-release preparation of valproic acid under steady-state conditions. AB - In six healthy volunteers the bioavailability of two valproic acid preparations (enteric coated tablets and slow-release formulation) was measured in a cross over study during steady state. A comparison of the mean steady-state plasma levels during a dosing interval and the areas under these curves showed no differences in these parameters. The fluctuations in the monitored plasma levels were similar for both preparations. Based on these results the usual thrice-daily dosage regimen with normal tablets can be favorably replaced by a twice-daily regimen with the slow-release form. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the data indicated a total plasma clearance of 17.3 +/- 3.6 ml/min (mean +/- SD). PMID- 6799414 TI - Radioimmunoassay of PCBs in milk and blood. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed capable of determining Aroclor 1260 in milk at levels of from 20 to 80 ppb and in blood from 2 to 16 ppb. The values obtained by radioimmunoassay correlate well with those determined by gas-liquid chromatography (r2 = 0.96 for milk and 0.99 for blood) but were lower. Antiserum was produced in rabbits and was specific for 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl. It cross-reacted with congeners and isomers in Aroclor 1254 and 1260 to the extent that a 20% decrease in binding was observed with 0.1 ng of either mixture. The method requires preliminary cleanup of the extract on alumina and utilizes 25% dimethyl sulfoxide in the assay medium to promote solubilization of the substrates. PMID- 6799413 TI - Genetic basis of pigmentation and its disorders. PMID- 6799415 TI - Concentrations of antimicrobial agents in middle ear fluid, saliva and tears. AB - Antibiotics concentrations in middle ear fluid (MEF), saliva and tears were measured in children with persistent middle ear effusions undergoing tympanostomy tube placement. In 31 children given cefaclor, specimens of serum, saliva and MEF were collected at 0.5, 1, 2, 3 or 5 h after a dose. Another group of 37 children were randomized to receive a single dose of penicillin V, amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin estolate, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole or cefaclor. Concentrations of antibiotics in saliva and tears bore no consistent relationship to those in MEF. Mean concentrations of all drugs in MEF were several-fold greater than the usual minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of pneumococci, but only with trimethoprim and cefaclor were they greater than in usual MIC's for Haemophilus influenzae. Concentrations of antibiotics in MEF in persistent effusions were comparable to those previously reported in acute purulent effusions. PMID- 6799416 TI - Socialisation scheme with a high staff-patient ratio. AB - Six months after a comprehensive socialisation scheme began, a prospective controlled study was carried out. The patients were tested in three practical sections - Cooking; Maintenance of Home and Clothing; Other Skills (eg. form filling); and with a Questionnaire. Forty-eight members of an experimental group received socialisation training after initial testing. They and the 20 controls who did not undergo training were re-evaluated three months later. There was no significant difference between the groups in their initial scores. On retesting, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in Cooking (p less than 0.001), Home Maintenance (p less than 0.001) and the Questionnaire (p less than 0.05). Analysis of the inter-group differences showed significant superiority of the experimental group in Cooking (p less than 0.05) and Home Maintenance (p less than 0.05). It is suggested that such a socialisation scheme be considered for inclusion alongside other rehabilitation services in psychiatric hospitals. The emphasis on a high staff-to-patient ratio and the breakdown of each task into smaller steps emerged as essential elements in the training programme. PMID- 6799417 TI - Diverticula of renal calyces. AB - The authors present results of the treatment of 31 patients with calyceal diverticula. Conservative therapy was applied in 19 cases, whereas in 12 patients surgical treatment was performed. Surgery was mandatory in patients with persistent pains and/or in whom the infection of the urinary system did not respond to conservative therapy, as well as in cases of nephrolithiasis. Diverticulectomy was performed in eight patients, and resection of the lower or upper renal pole ws done in four patients. In all cases the results of treatment were good. PMID- 6799418 TI - Peripheral concentrations of gonadotrophins and sexual steroids in infertile males. AB - Relationships between the spermiogram and sex hormones in 104 andrologic patients were studied. Endocrine connections in normal and in pathologic spermiogenesis have been studied. A rather close correlation was found between FSH and ICSH levels. ICSH increases parallel with the increase of FSH level. There is also a close relationship between sperm concentration and FSH level. Between ICSH and sperm count the correlation is not significant. Between steroid hormone level and sperm concentration no correlation ws found. It is only the plasma FSH level which show a close relationship with the disorder of spermiogenesis and it has diagnostic significance. PMID- 6799420 TI - In vitro interaction of scrapie agent and mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Scrapie brain homogenate was mixed with mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro. After 2 h of incubation at 37 degrees, a portion of the scrapie infectivity was associated with macrophages. In contrast, very little infectivity was associated with kidney cells that had been exposed to scrapie brain homogenate. After incubation of the scrapie brain homogenate-macrophage mixture at 4 degrees rather than 37 degrees, a reduced quantity of infectivity was associated with the macrophages. These result show that in vitro incubation, the scrapie agent was associated with macrophages, and the data suggest that phagocytic activity was involved. PMID- 6799419 TI - Galactose cataract prevention with sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor: a light microscopic study. AB - Cataract formation in galactosemic rats was studied by ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and by light microscopy using plastic embedding with methacrylate. Untreated rats developed nuclear cataracts by 14 days and mature cataracts by 21 days. However, rats treated with the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil did not develop any cataractous change for up to 8 months of 50% galactose feeding and could not be distinguished from normal controls. This strongly suggests that aldose reductase is the common factor involved in the formation of sugar cataracts. PMID- 6799421 TI - Human beta-galactosidases: molecular and clinical aspects. PMID- 6799422 TI - Study of proteins, phospholipids and cholesterol of rat bile during chronic drainage. AB - Glycerophospholipids, cholesterol and proteins of rat bile were analyzed at different time-intervals during the bile duct cannulation over a period of 24 hr, to study a possible association between the secretion of these bile components. Glycerophospholipids and cholesterol decreased between the 16th-24th hrs, then rose again, showing a bile acid synthesis dependence. In contrast, during the entire collection period, protein concentration was normal. On gel electrophoresis bile proteins give a spectrum of fifteen discrete bands, three of them being Sudan black positive. Some, but not all bile protein bands, show a pattern similar to serum proteins both by means of SDS disc electrophoresis and of immunological techniques. According to the bile composition in GPL and cholesterol and the presence in bile of lipoproteins with SDS electrophoresis migration superimposable to apo-A-IV of serum high density lipoproteins, the following hypothesis is suggested to explain the origin and pathway that some fractions of bile can follow to reach biliary canalicula: some serum or membrane components (that is GPL, cholesterol and possibly apo-A-IV) might insert themselves into the outer leaflet of hepatocyte plasmamembranes at the sinusoidal side; from here they may slip over the inner plasmamembrane monolayer, through the junctions, to the canalicular region of the membrane to give rise, by the action of bile salts, to micelles of bile, together with components coming from other subcellular compartments, following different pathways. PMID- 6799423 TI - Zinc deficiency during intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - Two cases of patients developing symptoms and signs of zinc deficiency while on total parenteral nutrition are presented. Supporting causes for the appearance of early low serum zinc levels are discussed. These cases serve to further stress the need of adding trace elements to solutions given to patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6799425 TI - Prevention of death and injury from motor vehicle crashes in Israel: swift cost effective options in the 1980s. PMID- 6799424 TI - Congenital lactic acidosis associated with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. AB - Two cases of congenital lactic acidosis associated with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency are described. One 2-mo-old infant had a fulminant clinical course with extremely severe intractable acidosis and died after 48 h in hospital. The second infant, aged 2 1/2 mo, had a milder clinical course, characterized by moderate acidosis and frequent convulsive episodes. He died at the age of 3 mo due to respiratory arrest following prolonged status epilepticus. Pyruvate carboxylase activity in liver biopsy specimens obtained from the two patients was 1 and 50% of normal, respectively. Both patients failed to respond to treatment, including massive doses of thiamine and high serum levels of lactate and pyruvate were found throughout their illnesses. Cerebral autopsy performed in both cases was unremarkable. Absence of neuropathological findings ruled out the possibility of Leigh's disease. PMID- 6799426 TI - A small molecular weight peptide from P815 mastocytoma cells induces macrophage cytotoxicity. AB - In a previous article we have shown the presence of a "factor" in the cell free exudates of intraperitoneally growing P815 mastocytoma cells as well as in cell free tumor cell extracts. This "factor" is able to induce nonspecific macrophage cytotoxicity against tumor target cells. The "factor" was sensitive to heating at 100 degree C for 1 min, destroyed by pronase treatment, and dialyzable. On the other hand, the "factor" was not removed by centrifugation (25,000 x g), and was resistant to chloroform extraction, ultraviolet irradiation, heating at 56 degree C (for 20 min), or RNAase treatment. Sephadex gel fractionation of the mastocytoma exudate showed that the "factor" has an approximate molecular weight of 650-700 daltons. Normal peritoneal macrophages incubated with an extract of murine mast cells, purified histamine or serotonin did not show detectable cytotoxicity against tumor cells. The results of our experiments suggest that the effect of the P815 cell-free exudate and tumor cell extract is due to a dialyzable small molecular weight peptide. PMID- 6799427 TI - Investigation into the antibacterial activity in vitro of cement-antibiotic mixtures. AB - An investigation was made into the antibacterial activity in vitro of CMW cement and antibiotic mixtures. The results of this study are reported and the risk factors are discussed. On the basis of our studies, the use of this mixture in clinical practice would appear to be premature. PMID- 6799428 TI - Effects of hospital-based primary care setting on internists' treatment of primary care episodes. AB - The amount of primary care provided at hospitals is increasing, yet little information exists on the relative costs of this form of care. To address this issue, we compared the treatment resources used by internists practicing in hospital-based and free-standing clinics. The study site was the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oregon Region. To control for case mix, the analysis focused on episodes of six specified conditions; upper respiratory infection, urinary tract infection, hypertension, abdominal pain, chest pain, and physical exam. The California Relative Value Schedule was used to define care intensity by summarizing the clinical, laboratory, and radiology services provided. Results indicate that setting exerts little influence on the intensity of primary care for the episodes studied; care of similar intensity is provided in hospital-based and free-standing settings. PMID- 6799429 TI - Case-mix differences among ambulatory patients seen by internists in various settings. PMID- 6799431 TI - Cost-benefit analysis versus cost-effectiveness analysis for the evaluation of long-term care programs. PMID- 6799430 TI - Determinants of hospital casemix complexity. PMID- 6799432 TI - Ten years of Health Education. PMID- 6799434 TI - Development of dental health knowledge tests for the primary grades. PMID- 6799435 TI - Eating at the Title VII table: nutrition education for Missouri elderly. PMID- 6799433 TI - On the Level: a new TV series for and about teenagers. PMID- 6799436 TI - Legislative action for health education: the North Carolina story. PMID- 6799440 TI - Health education for corporations: efforts toward a professional preparation program. PMID- 6799438 TI - Health risk appraisals in teaching health education in colleges and universities. PMID- 6799437 TI - Legislative action for health education: California update. PMID- 6799439 TI - The health educator as a consultant in the community. PMID- 6799441 TI - A senior high preventive health waiver test: development and validation. PMID- 6799442 TI - Environmental cancer: a new course proposal. PMID- 6799445 TI - Faculty development in health education: onward and upward. PMID- 6799443 TI - Teaching ideas: the meeting. PMID- 6799444 TI - Teaching ideas: nuclear power debate. PMID- 6799446 TI - Cardiovascular risk reduction. The problems facing the school age population. PMID- 6799447 TI - Why cardiovascular health education in the schools. From a medical perspective. PMID- 6799448 TI - Why cardiovascular health education in the schools. From an educational perspective. PMID- 6799450 TI - We're jumping rope for heart...from the American Heart Association. PMID- 6799449 TI - We're fighting for your life...from the American Heart Association. PMID- 6799452 TI - NHLBI: a partner in school health education. PMID- 6799453 TI - The future: where do we go from here? A commentary. PMID- 6799454 TI - New approaches to cardiovascular and other chronic diseases suggest a bright future for school and community health education. PMID- 6799451 TI - Why cardiovascular health education research in schools? PMID- 6799455 TI - Teaching ideas: cardiovascular health; take care of yourself. PMID- 6799456 TI - Teaching ideas: cardiovascular health. An elementary fitness program that works. PMID- 6799457 TI - Teaching ideas: cardiovascular health. The assessment of type A behavior in children. PMID- 6799459 TI - Cardiovascular risk reduction. The problems facing our society. PMID- 6799458 TI - Teaching ideas: cardiovascular health. Storytelling: an aid to introducing CPR in the elementary grades. PMID- 6799460 TI - Ultrastructural localization of carbonic anhydrase activity in the rat choroid plexus epithelial cell. AB - Localization of carbonic anhydrase activity was studied electron microscopically on cells of the rat choroid plexus epithelium. For the ultracytochemical detection of these activities, Yokota's technique (1969), which is the modification of Hansson's method (1967) was employed. Numerous electron dense reaction products were observed in the microvilli of the choroidal epithelial cell. The reaction deposits were also remarkably present in the infoldings of the basal plasmalemma but to a lesser extent than in the microvilli. The localization sites were mainly on the plasma membrane, but some reaction products were also observed in the cytoplasm near the plasma membrane. Hardly any reaction product was found in the intracellular organelles except for the mitochondria in which reaction products were occasionally observed on the cristae. These activities were completely inhibited by acetazolamide. As the carbonic anhydrase activity was histochemically seen in the microvilli and the basal infoldings, it is likely that carbonic anhydrase is related to an active transport process in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid as is Na+, K+ -ATPase (Masuzawa et al. 1980). PMID- 6799461 TI - Cycloheptaamylose-dansyl chloride complex as a fluorescent label of surface membranes in living ciliates. AB - Labelling of surface membrane of living ciliates: Paramecium aurelia and Tetrahymena pyriformis with fluorescent compound--cycloheptaamylose-dansyl chloride complex (CDC) has been achieved. Fluorescence micrographs of the dried samples showed specific localization of CDC on the cell membrane without any intracellular penetration. On the contrary the ciliates which have been dead during labelling revealed a non-specific fluorescence of their whole bodies. Microspectrofluorimetric analysis of labelled Paramecium cells was performed with Leitz microspectrograph. Spectrum of fluorescence emission measured over the cell membrane level had maximum at 450 nm. Strikingly, the emission maximum of the cells dead at the moment of labelling was shifted 10 nm to a longer wavelength. The rate of photofading measured in this case was almost 3-fold higher than for the ciliates labelled as living ones. Fluorescence excitation spectra did not show any difference in the peak position. Thus CDC staining appears to be an useful method of supravital labelling of cell surface enabling also to distinguish--on the basis of spectral characteristics--the ciliates being alive from those dead at the moment of fluorochrome binding. PMID- 6799462 TI - Effect of transrespiratory pressure on PETCO2-PaCO2 and ventilatory reflexes in humans. AB - Inspiratory muscle activity increases when lung volume is increased by continuous positive-pressure breathing in conscious human subjects (Green et al., Respir. Physiol. 35: 283-300, 1978). Because end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) does not change, these increases have not been attributed to chemoreflexes. However, continuous positive-pressure breathing at 20 cmH2O influences the end-tidal to arterial CO2 pressure differences (Folkow and Pappenheimer, J. Appl. Physiol. 8: 102-110, 1955). We have compared PETCO2 with arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2). We have compared PETCO2 with arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) in healthy human subjects exposed to continuous positive airway pressure (10 cmH2O) or continuous negative pressure around the torso (-15 cmH2O) sufficient to increase mean lung volume by about 650 ml. The difference between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was not decreased, and we conclude that PETCO2 is a valid measure of chemical drive to ventilation in such circumstances. We observed substantial increases in respiratory muscle electromyograms during pressure breathing as seen previously and conclude this response must originate by proprioception. On average, the compensation of tidal volume thus afforded was complete, but the wide variability of individual responses suggests that there was a large cerebral cortical component in the responses seen here. PMID- 6799464 TI - Osmoregulation and interstitial fluid pressure changes in humans during water immersion. AB - The aim of the present study was to determine the magnitude and direction of the shift of body fluids during water immersion of humans to the neck. Five healthy male subjects were studied lying in air for 1.5 h, sitting in 34 degrees C water to the neck for 1 h, and again lying in air for 1.5 h in two sets of experiments. For the first set, vasopressin (0.75 IU, sc) was injected before immersion. Blood and urine samples were drawn every 30 min in air and every 20 min in water. Urinary sodium, potassium, and osmolal clearances were significantly increased during immersion. When the mean maximum change during immersion was calculated for five subjects hematocrit fell by 1.1 U, plasma concentrations of sodium by 3.9 meq/l, chloride by 3.5 meq/l, potassium by 0.2 meq/l, osmolality by 7.9 mosmol/kg H2O, and proteins by 0.25 g/100 ml, whereas total plasma CO2 content increased by 1.33 mmol/l, threonine by 11.6%, proline by 9.0%, methionine by 14.0%, and alanine by 29%. Plasma volume increased 6.1%, and red blood cell volume calculated from hematocrit and hemoglobin increased 3.5%. In the second set of immersion experiments, without vasopressin injection, interstitial fluid pressures were measured with a cotton wick in PE-50 tubing inserted subcutaneously. A mean interstitial fluid pressure of -0.5 cmH2O was observed when the subjects were lying in air. Interstitial fluid pressure had started to decrease by 20 min of immersion, with a maximum decrease during immersion averaging 2.10 cmH2O. We conclude that hyposmotic fluid is mobilized into the blood from interstitial and other extravascular spaces during immersion. PMID- 6799465 TI - A review of naturally occurring Brucella abortus infections in wild mammals. PMID- 6799463 TI - Responses of aortic chemoreceptors before and after pneumothorax in the cat. AB - That the response of aortic chemoreceptors to hypercapnia is considerably smaller than that of carotid chemoreceptors is well accepted, but the mechanism for the difference is not known. It has been suggested that surgical exposure of the carotid body may contribute to the difference. Accordingly, the response of aortic body chemoreceptors to CO2 would be expected to resemble quantitatively that of carotid chemoreceptors after exposure of the aortic bodies by pneumothorax. The effect of opening the chest on aortic and carotid chemoreceptor responses to several levels of arterial CO2 and O2 tension and arterial blood pressure were studied in anesthetized cats. The activity of aortic chemoreceptors increased in spite of a decreased stimulus level in the thoracic cavity after pneumothorax. The activity remained higher than the control at all levels of arterial CO2 and O2 tension and arterial blood pressure. However, the slopes of CO2 response curves, which were initially small, did not change after pneumothorax. Thus a change in the normal environment of the aortic bodies by experimental manipulation did not cause the aortic chemoreceptor responses to resemble those of carotid chemoreceptors. PMID- 6799466 TI - Experimental infection of opossums with Brucella abortus. AB - Thirteen opossums (Didelphis virginiana) trapped in east central Alabama were fed approximately 1.5 X 10(9) Brucella abortus colony forming units. Serologic responses to at least 1 of 3 tests developed in 8 of the 13 opossums. Brucella abortus was recovered from 18 of 159 blood samples from 4 of the 13 opossums and from 7 of 159 fecal samples from 6 of them. All culture-positive feces had been excreted within 4 days after exposure. Sixty-four urine, 123 saliva, and 78 vaginal samples were culture-negative. Eleven baby opossums, in their mothers' pouches at the time of capture, were culture-negative. Brucella abortus was isolated from 10 of 13 adult opossums. Ten additional opossums were trapped and tested for brucellosis. One had a tube agglutination titer of 1:25, and B abortus was isolated from the liver and spleen. Brucella abortus was isolated from lung and spleen of 8 seronegative opossums. The remaining 8 opossums were negative to all tests. PMID- 6799467 TI - Prevalence and distribution of Sarcocystis sp among wild swine of southeastern United States. AB - Digestive techniques revealed Sarcocystis sp infection in 62 of 192 (32%) wild swine collected in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Sarcosporidia were not detected in wild swine of Florida and were rarely found in the lower coastal plains of Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Swine from mountainous terrain in North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia and bottomland floodplain regions of Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana were most frequently infected. Infections by sarcocystis sp may have been spread via swine relocated from mountainous regions to some other locales. Upon ingestion of infected pork from wild swine of Tennessee and West Virginia, dogs, but not cats, shed sporocysts morphometrically identical to Sarcocystis suicanis. PMID- 6799468 TI - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni from zoo animals. AB - Over a 1-year period, 619 fecal specimens from animals at the Denver Zoo were cultured for Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni. The organism was isolated from 35 animals, including 12 primates, 2 felids, a red panda, 13 hooved animals, 6 birds, and 1 reptile. Of 44 cultured fecal specimens from diarrheal animals, 31.8% were positive for Campylobacter, whereas only 5.6% of 575 specimens from animals without diarrhea were positive (P less than 0.001). Among 25 isolates tested, 12 serotypes were represented; several of these serotypes are commonly associated with Campylobacter enteritis in human beings. Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni was isolated from 8% of 75 wild pigeons trapped on the zoo premises during winter months and from 26% of 75 trapped during March and April (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6799469 TI - Glutaraldehyde coagulation test for detection of hypogammaglobulinemia in neonatal nondomestic ruminants. AB - Sera were collected from 103 individuals of 26 species of nondomestic ruminant animals in 2 zoological collections. Eighteen were presumed not to have absorbed colostral proteins (group 1), 32 had consumed colostrum at least 12 hours before testing (group 2), and 53 were healthy adults (group 3). The gamma-globulin concentration, as determined by zone electrophoresis, was less than or equal to 0.4 g/dl in 16 of 18 samples from the group 1 animals, and greater than 0.4 g/dl in 31 of 32 group 2 animals. The glutaraldehyde coagulation test was performed on each serum sample. The results were negative in 15 of 17 samples, with gamma globulin concentration less than or equal to 0.4 g/dl, and positive in 85 of 86 samples, with gamma-globulin concentration greater than 0.4 g/dl. The glutaraldehyde coagulation test appeared to be a practical field test for determining failure of passive transfer of maternal antibody in newborn nondomestic ruminant animals in zoological collections. PMID- 6799470 TI - Intraocular granulomas associated with tuberculosis in primates. AB - Intraocular granulomas associated with tuberculosis were observed in 2 subhuman primates (Ateles geoffroyi and Macaca mulatta). Bacterial cultures from lung tissues at the time of necropsy confirmed the presence of Mycobacterium bovis and M tuberculosis, respectively. The absence of generalized clinical signs in spite of systemic dissemination of the organisms in these cases and the public health significance of tuberculous infections emphasize the importance of proper observation and diagnostic procedures in primate colonies and display collections. PMID- 6799471 TI - Sarcosporidiosis in Indian gaur. PMID- 6799472 TI - Cytauxzoon-like organisms in erythrocytes of two cheetahs. PMID- 6799474 TI - Transient diabetes mellitus and ketoacidosis in a dog. PMID- 6799473 TI - Observations of the immunopathology and therapy of canine pemphigus and pemphigoid. AB - Immunopathologic evaluation of 27 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that direct immunofluorescence testing was vastly superior to indirect immunofluorescence testing for diagnosis. Therapeutic studies in 31 dogs with pemphigus and pemphigoid demonstrated that glucocorticoids given for systemic effect were unsatisfactory as the sole form of treatment because of lack of efficacy of unacceptable side effects, or both, in over 50% of the cases. PMID- 6799475 TI - Ultrastructural changes after intracisternal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in the intermediolateral nucleus of the monkey (Macaca fascicularis). AB - The ultrastructural changes following a single intracisternal injection of 6-OHDA were studied in the intermediolateral nucleus of the monkey spinal cord. Post operative survival periods ranged from 20 hours to 14 days. At all stages, only boutons containing clear, round vesicles (R-boutons) and those containing dense cored vesicles (DCV-boutons) underwent degeneration. Boutons containing flattened vesicles (F-boutons) appeared to be unaffected. Changes were seen even at 20 hours after injection and these were confined to R-boutons only. The changes included an initial swelling and crowding of the vesicles, followed by an increase in the electron density of the axoplasm. The latter change was most marked on the second post-operative day and by the third day, most of the electron-dense profiles were glia-engulfed. By the third day, also, many unmyelinated and, occasionally, myelinated axons showed accumulations of mitochondria, membrane-bound tubular profiles and electron-dense bodies. Many astrocytic processes also showed accumulation of tubular profiles. From the fifth day onwards, few degenerating R-boutons were encountered but DCV-boutons containing swollen vesicles, with or without their dense cores, were obvious. Unmyelinated and, occasionally, myelinated axons and astrocytic processes containing tubular elements still continued to be seen. By the fourteenth post operative day, degenerating profiles were rarely observed. The probable significance of these findings has been discussed in the light of recent anatomical and biochemical studies. PMID- 6799476 TI - Protection of hydroxyl in the synthesis of semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - The 2-methoxypropan-2-yl group fulfills the need of a hydroxyl protecting group generally suitable for the synthesis of beta-lactam antibiotics, satisfying the criteria of low-cost, convenience and selectivity in formation, and, above all, ease of deprotection under conditions compatible to the highly sensitive beta lactam function and without contamination of the final products. The use of this protecting group has enabled the successful attachment of 6-[4-(N-acetyl-4 hydroxyl-L-prolylamino)phenyl]-1,2-dihydro - 2 - oxo - 3 - pyridinecarboxyl group, through an amide linkage, to amoxicillin, cephaloglycin, and the 3[[(1 carboxymethyl)-1-H-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl analogue of the latter, yielding broad-spectrum antibiotics with notably good activities against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6799477 TI - Purification and properties of cephalosporinase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Cephalosporin beat-lactamase (cephalosporinase, CSase) was purified from a strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. The purified enzyme preparation gave a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was about 34,000. The specific activity was 49.7 mumoles/minute/mg of protein of the purified enzyme for the hydrolysis of cephaloridine. The optimal pH and optimal temperature were about 8.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Its isoelectric point was 8.7. The enzyme activity was inhibited by iodine, some divalent ions, and some semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotics, including cephamycin derivatives such as moxalactam and YM09330. Mouse antiserum obtained against the purified enzyme showed no cross-reaction with other types of beta-lactamase in neutralization test. PMID- 6799479 TI - Antibacterial activity of a monocyclic beta-lactam SQ 26,776. PMID- 6799480 TI - In-vitro activity of the monobactam, SQ 26,776, against Gram-negative bacteria and its stability to their beta-lactamases. PMID- 6799478 TI - Solid phase enzyme immunoassay of tobramycin. AB - We have developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) using co-polymer of styrene and maleate as the solid phase and glutaraldehyde for binding of the antibody to the solid phase. This assay showed a striking efficacy in its use for the assay of tobramycin (TOB). Furthermore, the pharmacokinetics of TOB were studied in six healthy male volunteers after the administration of 60- or 90-mg doses intramuscularly. PMID- 6799481 TI - SQ 26,776, a novel beta-lactam: an in-vitro comparison with other antimicrobial agents. PMID- 6799482 TI - In-vitro activity of monobactam, SQ 26,776, against Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6799483 TI - Antibacterial activity of the monobactam SQ 26,776 against antibiotic resistant enterobacteria, including Serratia spp. PMID- 6799485 TI - In-vitro studies on SQ 26,776, a new monobactam antibiotic. PMID- 6799486 TI - Growth curve patterns of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa submitted to different SQ 26,776 concentrations. PMID- 6799487 TI - Automated high pressure liquid chromatographic system for determination of mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol in chewing gums and confections. AB - A rapid, precise, and reproducible automated high pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine xylitol in the presence of mannitol and sorbitol in chewing gums and confectionery products. A mobile phase of water and methanol elutes the polyols simultaneously from a cation-exchange column without pretreatment or derivatization. Injections into the liquid chromatograph were made by an autosampler, and date reduction was performed with a programmable electronic integrator. Average recoveries for one level each of mannitol, sorbitol, and xylitol in 6 replicate samples prepared by the standard addition technique were 102.5, 100.5, and 100.7%, respectively. PMID- 6799484 TI - Bactericidal activity of SQ 26776. PMID- 6799488 TI - Distinct galactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system in Streptococcus lactis. AB - Lactose-negative (Lac-) mutants were isolated from a variant of Streptococcus lactis C2 in which the lactose plasmid had become integrated into the chromosome. These mutants retained their parental growth characteristics on galactose (Lac- Gal+). This is in contrast to the Lac- variants obtained when the lactose plasmid is lost from S. lactis, which results in a slower growth rate on galactose (Lac- Gal+). The Lac- Gal+ mutants were defective in [14C]thiomethyl-beta-D galactopyranoside accumulation, suggesting a defect in the lactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, but still possessed the ability to form galactose-1-phosphate and galactose-6-phosphate from galactose in a ratio similar to that observed from the parental strain. The Lac- Gald variant formed only galactose-1-phosphate. The results imply that galactose is not translocated via the lactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, but rather by a specific galactose phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system for which the genetic locus is also found on the lactose plasmid in S. lactis. PMID- 6799489 TI - Dansyl chloride labeling of Pseudomonas aeruginosa treated with pyocin R1: change in permeability of the cell envelope. AB - Pyocin R1, a bacteriocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, caused an increase in binding of fluorescent label, 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride), to sensitive cells. In pyocin R1-treated cells, cytoplasmic soluble proteins and crude ribosomes as well as cell envelopes were labeled by dansyl chloride. The amount of bound dye was proportional to the multiplicity of pyocin R1 and reached a maximal level at high multiplicity. In addition, pyocin R1 rapidly caused an increase in fluorescence intensity of the hydrophobic probes N phenyl-1-naphthylamine, pyrene, and perylene, which were mixed with cells. These results show that pyocin R1 damages locally a cell envelope barrier to hydrophobic solutes and allows dyes to penetrate into the intracellular space across the barrier. PMID- 6799490 TI - Fractionation and characterization of the phosphoenolpyruvate: fructose 1 phosphotransferase system from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The initial reactions involved in the catabolism of fructose in Pseudomonas aeruginosa include the participation of a phosphoenolpyruvate:fructose 1 phosphotransferase system (F-PTS). Fractionation of crude extracts of fructose grown cells revealed that both membrane-associated and soluble components were essential for F-PTS activity. Further resolution of the soluble fraction by both size exclusion and ion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of only one component, functionally analogous to enzyme I. Enzyme I exhibited a relative molecular weight of 72,000, catalyzed the pyruvate-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, and mediated the phosphorylation of fructose when combined with a source of enzyme II (washed membranes). No evidence for the requirement of a phosphate carrier protein, such as HPr, could be demonstrated. Thus, the F-PTS requires a minimum of two components, a soluble enzyme I and a membrane-associated enzyme II complex, and both were shown to be inducible. Reconstituted F-PTS activity was specific for phosphoenolpyruvate as a phosphate donor (Km, approximately -0.6 mM) and fructose as the sugar substrate (Km, approximately 18 microM). Components of the Pseudomonas F-PTS did not restore activity to extracts of deletion mutants of Salmonella typhimurium deficient in individual proteins of the PTS or to fractionated membrane and soluble components of the F-PTS of Escherichia coli. Similarly, membrane and soluble components of E. coli and S. typhimurium would not cross-complement the F-PTS components from P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6799491 TI - Growth-rate-dependent adjustment of ribosome function in chemostat-grown cells of the fungus Mucor racemosus. AB - The dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus was grown as a yeast in a chemostat. Cellular growth rates were varied over a fourfold range under an atmosphere of N2 and over an eightfold range under CO2. Under either atmosphere, an increase in the cellular growth rate resulted in increases in (i) the cellular ribosome concentration, (ii) the percentage of ribosomes active in protein synthesis, and (iii) the rate of polypeptide chain elongation. The rate of protein synthesis in this organism can therefore be regulated by adjustment of all of these mechanisms. PMID- 6799493 TI - Timed action of the gene products required for septum formation in the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Four isogenic strains of temperature-sensitive septationless mutants, whose mutations are located on different genes, were used to study the periods of action of the gene products required for the initiation of septum formation during the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis. The shift-up experiments, in which portions of a synchronous culture of each mutant were transferred to the nonpermissive temperature, showed that the transition point, at which cells attained the ability to divide at the nonpermissive temperature in the cell cycle, was strain specific. Furthermore, the heat shock experiments, in which portions of a synchronous culture were subjected to the nonpermissive temperature before the transition point for a fixed period and shifted back to the permissive temperature, showed that the time interval between the shift-back and the subsequent cell division was specific to each strain but was independent of the age of heat shock. These results led us to the idea that the initiation of septum formation in B. subtilis requires the timed action of the four gene products, each of which functions at a specific stage in the cell cycle. In addition, the result with DNA elongation mutant MK-526, which is also septation defective, supported our previous findings that the initiation of septum formation requires the termination of DNA replication in the previous cell cycle. PMID- 6799492 TI - Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa R' plasmids constructed by interspecific mating. AB - Plasmid R68.45 was used to construct R' plasmids carrying a maximum of 4 to 5 map minutes of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO chromosome by interspecific mating, using P. putida PPN as the recipient. These R' plasmids were used to determine the map location of the amiE locus and to identify tentatively a number of P. putida auxotrophic mutations. Some of these R' plasmids could not be maintained in recombination-deficient P. aeruginosa strains. PMID- 6799494 TI - Energy deprivation and guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate synthesis in cyanobacteria. AB - A reduction in the incident light intensity has been used to elicit guanosine 5' diphosphate 3'-diphosphate accumulation in cyanobacteria. Inhibitors of photophosphorylation, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone elicited accumulation in three species of cyanobacteria when they were grown on dinitrogen or nitrate, but not in cultures grown on ammonium or glutamine. Accumulation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate also preceded a substantial reduction of the purine nucleoside triphosphate pools. This accumulation of guanosine 5'-diphosphate 3'-diphosphate is therefore not primarily dependent upon reduced ATP concentration or proton gradient potential, but rather upon the source of combined nitrogen. In this respect, incident light step down is not comparable with nutritional step-down procedures in heterotrophic bacteria. PMID- 6799496 TI - Regulatory properties of citrate synthase from Rickettsia prowazekii. AB - Citrate synthase [citrate (si)-synthase] (EC 4.1.3.7) was partially purified from extracts of highly purified typhus rickettsiae (Rickettsia prowazekii). Molecular exclusion and affinity column chromatography were used to prepare 200-fold purified citrate synthase that contained no detectable malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37) activity. Rickettsial malate dehydrogenase also was partially purified (200-fold) via this purification procedure. Catalytically active citrate synthase exhibited a relative molecular weight of approximately 62,000 after elution from a calibrated Sephacryl S-200 column. Acetyl coenzyme A saturation of partially purified enzyme was sensitive to strong competitive inhibition with adenylates (ATP greater than ADP much greater than AMP). [beta,gamma-methylene]ATP, dATP, and dADP also caused strong inhibition, but guanosine and cytosine nucleotides were significantly less inhibitory. Adenylates had no effect on oxalacetate saturation kinetics when acetyl coenzyme A was present in high concentration (greater than or equal to 50 microM). Neither NADH nor alpha-ketoglutarate affected the saturation kinetics of rickettsial citrate synthase. Thus, citrate synthase from R. prowazekii exhibits greater similarity to the eucaryotic and gram-positive procaryotic enzymes than to citrate synthase from free-living gram negative bacteria. These results represent the first characterization of a highly purified key regulatory enzyme from these obligate intracellular parasitic bacteria. PMID- 6799498 TI - Mapping of the arginine deiminase gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO lacking arginine deiminase activity (arcA) was isolated by screening for a derivative of an arcB mutant (deficient in catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase) that did not excrete citrulline under conditions of limited aeration. The arcA mutation was highly cotransducible with arcB. PMID- 6799495 TI - Nitrogenase from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata: purification and molecular properties. AB - Nitrogenase proteins were isolated from cultures of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata grown on a limiting amount of ammonia. Under these conditions, the nitrogenase N2ase A was active in vivo, and nitrogenase activity in vitro was not dependent upon manganese and the activating factor. The nitrogenase proteins were also isolated from nitrogen-limited cultures in which the in vivo nitrogenase activity had been stopped by an ammonia shock. This nitrogenase activity, N2ase R, showed an in vitro requirement for manganese and the activating factor for maximal activity. The Mo-Fe protein (dinitrogenase) was composed of two dissimilar subunits with molecular weights of 55,000 and 59,500; the Fe protein (dinitrogenase reductase), from either type of culture, was composed of a single subunit (molecular weight), 33,500). The metal and acid labile sulfur contents of both nitrogenase proteins were similar to those found for previously isolated nitrogenases. The Fe proteins from both N2ase A and N2ase R contained phosphate and ribose, 2 mol of each per mol of N2ase R Fe protein and about 1 mol of each per mol of N2ase A Fe protein. The greatest difference between the two types of Fe protein was that the N2ase R Fe protein contained about 1 mol per mol of an adenine-like molecule, whereas the N2ase A Fe protein content of this compound was insignificant. These results are compared with various models previously presented for the short-term regulation of nitrogenase activity in the photosynthetic bacteria. PMID- 6799497 TI - Repression of endo-1,4-beta-glucanase formation in Penicillium janthinellum and product inhibition of its 1,4-beta-glucanases and cellobiases. AB - Endo-1,4-beta-glucanase formation of Penicillium janthinellum was repressed by glucose, sophorose, and glycerol. Chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 was employed to separate the 1,4-beta-glucanases from two cellobiases. The 1,4-beta glucanases were inhibited competitively by cellobiose and glucose, and the two cellobiases were inhibited by glucose and glucono-delta-lactone. PMID- 6799499 TI - Calorimetric titration of phosphorylase b with AMP. Anomalous thermal ligand binding profiles induced by an enzymic impurity. PMID- 6799500 TI - Calcium-induced dimerization of troponin-C. AB - Calcium-dependent self-association of rabbit skeletal troponin-C was investigated by equilibrium ultracentrifugation. Troponin-C which was homogeneous by the criterion of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate was shown to undergo reversible dimerization (K2,app = 1.7 X 10(3) M-1) even in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N' tetraacetic acid (EGTA) (0.1-1.0 M KCl, 0.01 M imidazole, 0.005 M potassium phosphate, 0.4 mM EGTA (pH 7.0), 1.0 mM dithiothreitol). The existence of a monomer-dimer reaction under these conditions could be demonstrated as long as the effects of the Donnan equilibrium were taken into account. The value of the observed second virial coefficient was consistent with the value expected from troponin-C at this pH. The dimerization could be enhanced by the addition of calcium to 0.1 mM (K2,app = 1.2 X 10(4) M-1). A monomer molecular weight of 18,700 was estimated from a "two-species" plot of the data. The effect of calcium was completely reversible. PMID- 6799501 TI - Structure and function of ovotransferrin. I. Production of iron-binding fragments from iron-ovotransferrin by the action of immobilized subtilisin. Purification and characterization of the fragments. AB - Immobilized subtilisin Novo was used for the cleavage of iron-saturated ovotransferrin (Fe2OT) into separate NH2- and CO2H-terminal iron-binding fragments, designated as FeNF and FeCF, respectively. The Mr of each fragment is 39,000. The purified fragments show major differences in the content of histidine, alanine, and methionine. Both apo-NH2- and apo-CO2H-terminal fragments are able to bind one ferric ion per molecule. FeCF is more resistant than FeNF to dissociation at acid pH and to subtilisin action. FeNF and FeCF are immunochemically distinct. However, equal mixtures of the two show immunochemical reaction indistinguishable from intact Fe2OT. The iron-binding sites of FeNF and FeCF are very similar to each other on the basis of visible absorption and CD spectra. The major difference in the backbone conformations between FeNF and FeCF is in the alpha-helical content of FeCF which is twice that of FeNF. Individually, fragments show quantitative differences in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectra; however, equal mixture of the two fragments produce EPR spectra very similar to that of the intact Fe2OT. These studies indicate that subtilitic cleavage of Fe2OT does not produce significant change in the iron-binding capacity or the conformation of the separated iron-binding domains. PMID- 6799502 TI - The binding of fluorescein-labeled protein synthesis initiation factor 2 to Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunits determined by fluorescence polarization. AB - The binding of initiation factor IF2 to 30 S ribosomal subunits was studied quantitatively by steady state fluorescence polarization techniques. Covalent fluorescent derivatives of IF2 were prepared by treating the pure factor with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Derivatives (F-IF2) containing about 1 fluorescein molecule/protein bound to 30 S ribosomal subunits as measured by sucrose gradient centrifugation; however, their activity is slightly impaired in assays for stimulation of formylmethionyl-tRNA binding to 70 S ribosomes. Upon addition of 30 S ribosomal subunits to F-IF2 solutions, a significant increase in fluorescence polarization results, but no change in quantum yield or fluorescence lifetime is detected. Fluorescence polarization values were measured at different F-IF2 and 30 S ribosomal subunit concentrations and the equilibrium association constant and number of ribosomal binding sites were calculated. The association constant for F-IF2 in buffer containing 100 mM NH4Cl and 10 mM Mg acetate is 1.5 +/- 0.2 X 10(7) M-1; the number of binding sites is 0.9 +/- 0.2. Competition of F IF2 with IF2 showed that the nonderivatized factor binds somewhat more tightly than F-IF2, with an association constant of 2.7 X 10(7) M-1. The binding of F-IF2 is strongly inhibited by raising the NH4Cl concentration from 20 mM to 150 mM, but is rather insensitive to Mg acetate concentrations between 2.5 and 10 mM. Addition of initiation factors IF1 and IF3 causes a 3-fold increase in the association constant for F-If2 binding to 30 S subunits. PMID- 6799503 TI - Glutathione depletion sensitizes tumor cells to oxidative cytolysis. PMID- 6799505 TI - Modification of three active site lysine residues in the catalytic subunit of aspartate transcarbamylase by D- and L-bromosuccinate. PMID- 6799504 TI - A calmodulin-dependent protein kinase system from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. Phosphorylation of a 60,000-dalton protein. AB - The calmodulin plus Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of a 60,000-dalton protein was detectable in muscle homogenates and in purified sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. Phosphorylation was enhanced when purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were extracted with 1 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid at pH 8.0 to remove endogenous calmodulin and lower the level of residual phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of the 60,000-dalton protein was stimulated by NaF, reached maximal levels of about 55 pmol/mg of protein within 90 s and was not affected by cAMP. Half-maximal stimulation of phosphorylation required 0.1 microM calmodulin and maximal phosphorylation required 0.6 microM calmodulin; in the presence of 0.6 microM calmodulin, maximal phosphorylation required 0.3 microM Ca2+. Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of the 60,000-dalton protein was inhibited by trifluoperazine with a Ki of 5 microM. The pH optimum of phosphorylation was below 6.0 and was inhibited over 90% at pH 8.0. The purified 60,000-dalton protein contained phosphoserine and phosphothreonine but no phosphotyrosine. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation showed that the 60,000-dalton phosphoprotein was not calsequestrin. Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidases H and D digestion failed to alter its molecular weight, indicating that it was not a glycoprotein. A functional role for the phosphorylation system is suggested by the observations that ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid extraction, which removes endogenous calmodulin and lowers endogenous phosphorylation levels, and high pH, which inhibits phosphorylation, lead to greatly diminished Ca2+ accumulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 6799506 TI - Endochitinase, a mannan-associated enzyme from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A chitinase was extracted with digitonin from intact yeast cells and purified by adsorption-digestion on chitin. The purified enzyme liberates oligosaccharides of various sizes from chitin, thus behaving as an endochitinase. As found with other chitinases, the yeast enzyme is much more active on nascent chitin, i.e. the chitin formed in the same reaction mixture by the corresponding synthetase, than on preformed polysaccharide. The enzyme has a very low pH optimum, about pH 2.5, and is quite stable at pH 3. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of different preparations of purified chitinase revealed a variable number of protein bands, whose pattern often changed after storage of the enzyme. The distribution of activity in the gel matched that of the stainable material. Association of the chitinase with mannan is indicated by the following results: (a) coincidence in Coomassie blue-staining and periodate-Schiff-staining bands after disc gel electrophoresis; (b) adsorption of the activity on concanavalin A-Sepharose and elution with alpha-methylmanoside; (c) precipitation of the chitinase with appropriate antimannan sera. A carbohydrate content of approximately 18% was found in a trichloroacetic acid-precipitated sample of purified enzyme. Protein and mannan were not dissociated by boiling with sodium dodecyl sulfate, urea, and beta-mercaptoethanol. It could not, however, be conclusively established whether protein and carbohydrate are covalently linked, because the chitinase is resistant to endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase. PMID- 6799507 TI - Swainsonine prevents the processing of the oligosaccharide chains of influenza virus hemagglutinin. AB - Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid, inhibits the alpha-mannosidase that is involved in glycoprotein processing. Thus, in cultured animal cells, this alkaloid causes an increase in the surface content of high mannose glycoproteins and a decrease in the amount of complex type glycoproteins (Elbein, A. D., Solf, R., Dorling, P. R., and Vosbeck, K. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 78, 7393-7397). In this report, the effect of swainsonine on the synthesis virus hemagglutinins was examined. Primary calf kidney cultures were infected with influenza virus and viral replication was allowed to proceed in the absence or presence of swainsonine. Several hours after the addition of swainsonine, [2 3H]mannose or [6-3H]glucosamine were added to label the hemagglutinins and the mature virus particles were isolated. Virus particles raised in the presence of this alkaloid had the same infectivity and hemagglutination titer as virus particles from control cells. However, when the hemagglutinins were examined on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, the major hemagglutinin (HA0) and its subunits, HA1 and HA2, from swainsonine-treated cells, migrated faster, indicating that they were of lower molecular weights. The labeled hemagglutinins were digested with pronase and the resulting glycopeptides were chromatographed on Bio-Gel P-4. Both the mannose-labeled and glucosamine-labeled glycopeptides from swainsonine treated virus migrated more slowly on these columns than those of controls cells, suggesting that they were altered in structure. Furthermore, when the glycopeptides were digested with endoglucosaminidase H, 90% of the glycopeptides from swainsonine-treated cells were susceptible to this enzyme, whereas only 30% of those from control cells were digested. The major oligosaccharide released from inhibited cells by endoglucosaminidase H was digestible with alpha mannosidase, whereas that of control cells was resistant to this enzyme. However, the control cell glycopeptide was digested by a combination of neuraminidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, and alpha-mannosidase. These data show that swainsonine prevents the formation of complex glycoproteins and gives rise to increased amounts of high-mannose glycoproteins. PMID- 6799508 TI - Vitamin K-dependent carboxylation. Evidence that at least two microsomal dehydrogenases reduce vitamin K1 to support carboxylation. AB - It has been shown that NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (EC 1.6.99.2) reduces vitamin K1 and can support the [vitamin K1 + NADH]-dependent carboxylation reaction in rat liver microsomes (Wallin, R., Gebhardt, O., and Prydz, H. (1978) Biochem. J. 169, 95 101). Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the purified enzyme from liver cytosol and used to study the importance of NAD(P)H dehydrogenase in the vitamin K-dependent carboxylation reaction. The antibodies neutralized the warfarin sensitive NAD(P)H dehydrogenase activity in Triton X-100-solubilized microsomes; however, they neutralized only 45% of the total [vitamin K1 + NADH]-dependent carboxylation activity. Chromatography on protein A-sepharose showed that the remaining carboxylase activity was not the result of soluble antigen-antibody complexes. The data presented support the conclusion that the microsomal preparation also contains a non-warfarin-sensitive dehydrogenase(s) that, in addition to NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, can reduce vitamin K1 to support the carboxylation reaction. PMID- 6799509 TI - Evidence for two sources of arachidonic acid for oxidative metabolism by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The products of arachidonic acid oxygenations by resident mouse peritoneal macrophages have been found to depend upon the nature of the stimulus. For example, soluble membrane-mediated inflammatory stimuli such as phorbol myristate acetate and lipopolysaccharide stimulated the formation of prostaglandin E2 via the cyclooxygenase pathway. In contrast, zymosan, a particulate, phagocytozable inflammatory mediator stimulated leukotrienes C4 and B4 synthesis via the lipoxygenase pathway in addition to stimulating prostaglandin E2 synthesis. Thus, the release of leukotrienes is not necessarily linked to the release of prostaglandins in a cell that has the enzymatic capability of producing both mediators. This suggests that the prostaglandin synthetase system can obtain substrate arachidonic acid from a source different from that for leukotriene synthesis. PMID- 6799510 TI - Transforming activity of mercury-substituted DNA synthesized in vitro by permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Mercurated DNA was synthesized in permeable cells of Bacillus subtilis, using 5 mercurideoxycytidine triphosphate as one of the substrates, and was separated from parental unsubstituted DNA by isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl gradients. The ability of mercurated DNA to transform auxotrophic strains of B. subtilis to prototrophy was compared with that of normal DNA and was 10-20% of the latter. Mercurated and normal DNA bound with similar affinities to identical surface receptors of the recipient cells, but the efficiency of the bound mercurated DNA in promoting transformation was one-tenth to one-fifth of that of normal DNA. The transforming activity of mercury-substituted DNA synthesized in an in vitro system opens the way for the use of mercury as a probe to study the mechanism of bacterial transformation and various other kinds of genetic exchange. PMID- 6799511 TI - Arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha influence rates of protein turnover in skeletal and cardiac muscle. PMID- 6799512 TI - Activation of an NAD:arginine ADP-ribosyltransferase by histone. AB - An ADP-ribosyltransferase from turkey erythrocytes which utilizes proteins and low molecular weight guanidino compounds such as arginine and agmatine as ADP ribose acceptors was stimulated by histones. The effect was specific in that choleragen, a bacterial mono(ADP-ribosyl)transferase that increased adenylate cyclase activity in animal cells, was not activated by histones. With the erythrocyte enzyme, histones decreased the apparent Km values for arginine methyl ester and agmatine and increased the stability of the transferase to thermal denaturation. Activation of the transferase by histones was rapid, with a minimal delay observed upon addition of histones to a histone-free assay. Activation by histones was reversed upon dilution of a sample containing histones into an assay mix free of histone. In the absence of histone, the transferase existed as a rapidly sedimenting species; in the presence of histone, the transferase sedimented as a protomer. PMID- 6799513 TI - Determination of intramitochondrial pH by means of matrix carbonic anhydrase activity measured with 18O exchange. PMID- 6799514 TI - The discovery of a lipid-linked glucuronide and its synthesis by chicken liver. AB - Upon incubation with uridine diphosphate-[14C]glucuronic acid, membrane fractions from adult and phenobarbital-induced embryonic liver synthesize a single glucuronide, which is soluble in chloroform:methanol (2:1). The compound is completely hydrolyzed and glucuronic acid released by either mild acid or beta glucuronidase, whereas mild base hydrolysis results in a mixture of glucuronic acid and glucuronic acid-1,2-cyclic phosphate. These data and the behavior of the lipid-linked glucuronide on DEAE-cellulose chromatography indicate that the compound contains a monophosphate diester of glucuronic acid, which is beta linked to a lipid. The synthesis of the lipid-linked glucuronide in uninduced normal embryonic liver is very low (5-15 pmol product/mg/5 min) at all developmental ages up to hatching, but the introduction of phenobarbital into the air space of a 9-10-day-old embryo causes a premature increase of activity (75 150 pmol products/mg/5 min) within 7 days. The glucuronyltransferase in adult and induced embryonic liver has a Km for UDPGlcUA of 0.17 x 10(-3) M and a broad pH optimum between pH 6 and 7. Glucuronic acid is released from the lipid-linked glucuronide by a beta-glucuronidase in liver that is active at neutral pH and is not inhibited by saccharolactone. This glycosidase activity appears, therefore, to be distinct from the previously characterized lysosomal beta-glucuronidase. Fractionation of adult chicken liver membranes by differential centrifugation indicates that over 70% of the glucuronyltransferase is associated with the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions. The endogenous beta-glucuronidase capable of hydrolyzing the lipid-linked glucuronide was not separated from the glucuronyl transferase activity during fractionation. The data available suggests that the lipid-linked glucuronide is involved directly in the generation of free glucuronic acid for further metabolism. PMID- 6799515 TI - Acyltransferase-catalyzed cleavage of arachidonic acid from phospholipids and transfer to lysophosphatides in lymphocytes and macrophages. AB - The cleavage of fatty acyl moieties from phospholipids was compared in intact cells and homogenates of mouse lymphocytes (thymocytes, spleen cells) and macrophages. Liberation of free arachidonic acid during incubations of intact cells was only detectable in the presence of albumin. Homogenization of prelabeled thymocytes and further incubation of these homogenates at 37 degrees C resulted in a pronounced decrease of phospholipid degradation and cleavage of arachidonoyl residues, while further incubation of homogenates from prelabeled macrophages produced a greatly increased phospholipid degradation. Homogenates of macrophages but not those of thymocytes contain substantial activities of phospholipase A2 detectable using exogenous radiolabeled substrates. These findings indicate that in thymocytes cleavage of arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine is an active process that is not catalyzed by phospholipase A2. Addition of CoA and lysophosphatidylethanolamine to prelabeled thymocyte homogenates induced a fast breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and transfer of arachidonic acid to phosphatidylethanolamine, as in seen during incubations of intact thymocytes or macrophages. The transfer is restricted to arachidonic acid and does not require addition of ATP. Sodium cholate, a known inhibitor of the acyl-CoA:lysophosphatide acyltransferase, completely inhibited this transfer reaction. These results suggest that the CoA-mediated, ATP-independent breakdown of phosphatidylcholine and transfer of arachidonic acid is catalyzed by the acyl CoA:lysophosphatide acyltransferase operating in reverse. PMID- 6799517 TI - Sources of one-carbon units in the folate pathway of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6799516 TI - Properties of mutationally altered RNA polymerases II of Drosophila. AB - We tested and compared several in vitro properties of wild type and mutant RNA polymerases II from Drosophila melanogaster, using several different mutants of a single X-linked genetic locus, RpIIC4 (Greenleaf, A. L., Weeks, J. R., Voelker, R. A., Ohnishi, S., and Dickson, B. (1980) Cell 21, 785-792); the mutants tested included the original amanitin-resistant mutant, C4, which is nonconditional, plus the temperature-sensitive mutants A9, C20, E28, and 1Fb40. Using a tritium labeled amanitin derivative, we demonstrated that C4 polymerase has a reduced binding affinity for amanitin. The C4 polymerase was as stable to thermal denaturation as the wild type enzyme, and the two enzymes had similar specific activities, ionic strength and Mn2+ requirements, and apparent Km values for UTP and GTP when assayed in the presence of Mn2+. However, with Mg2+ as the divalent cation, C4 polymerase was less active than wild type and had 2-fold higher apparent Km values for UTP and GTP. Three of the temperature-sensitive mutants, A9, C20, and E28, were derived from the amanitin-resistant mutant C4; the polymerase II activities from these mutants displayed resistance to alpha amanitin in vitro identical with that of the C4 enzyme. C20, E28, and 1Fb40 polymerases were markedly less stable to thermal denaturation in vitro than wild type polymerase. The results presented indicate that the mutations at the RNA polymerase locus (RpIIC4-) directly alter the structure of the enzyme, providing conclusive evidence that the locus is a structural gene for a polymerase II subunit. PMID- 6799518 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in isolated rat aorta. Dependence of prostacyclin biosynthesis on extracellular potassium concentration. AB - Slices of rat aorta were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for measurements of immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, thromboxane (TX) B2, prostaglandin (PG)E2, and PGF2 alpha, and in Tris buffer (pH 9.3) for determination of prostacyclin (PGI2)-like activity. No significant generation of TXB2, PGE2, or PGF2 alpha by rat aortic tissue could be detected. The time dependent release of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer closely correlated with PGI2 generation in alkaline Tris buffer. During a 30-min incubation period, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, release was 79.8 +/- 3.3 pmol/mg at a buffer potassium concentration of 3.9 mmol/liter and significantly increased by 23% to 98.3 +/- 8.5 pmol/mg (P less than 0.025) in the absence of potassium in the incubation medium. A smaller decrease in buffer potassium concentration to 2.1 mmol/liter and an increase to 8.8 mmol/liter did not significantly alter aortic 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release. Changes in the incubation buffer sodium concentration from 144 mmol/liter to either 138 or 150 mmol/liter at a constant potassium concentration of 3.9 mmol/liter did not alter the recovery of 6-keto PGF1 alpha. Our results support the concept that PGI2 is the predominant product of arachidonic acid metabolism in rat aorta. They further show that PGI2 can be recovered quantitatively as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha under the present in vitro conditions. In addition, this in vitro study points to the potassium ion as a modulator of vascular PGI2 synthesis with a stimulation at low potassium concentrations. PMID- 6799519 TI - Two per cent glutaraldehyde: a disinfectant in arthroscopy and arthroscopic surgery. AB - Arthroscopes and some instruments for arthroscopic surgery were prepared for use by soaking them for fifteen minutes in a cold solution of 2 per cent glutaraldehyde. This method was practical, economical, safe, and effective. Over a eight-year period we performed 12,505 arthroscopic procedures with an infection rate of 0.04 per cent. Although technically classified as a disinfectant, 2 per cent glutaraldehyde used under these conditions proved to be an effective method of preparing arthroscopic surgical instruments and was less damaging to these instruments than methods involving sterilization by steam. PMID- 6799521 TI - Organization of actin in the leading edge of cultured cells: influence of osmium tetroxide and dehydration on the ultrastructure of actin meshworks. AB - The ordered structure of the leading edge (lamellipodium) of cultured fibroblasts is readily revealed in cells extracted briefly in Triton X-100-glutaraldehyde mixtures, fixed further in glutaraldehyde, and then negatively stained for electron microscopy. By this procedure, the leading edge regions show a highly organised, three-dimensional network of actin filaments together with variable numbers of radiating actin filament bundles or microspikes. The use of Phalloidin after glutaraldehyde fixation resulted in a marginal improvement in filament order. Processing of the cytoskeletons though the additional steps generally employed for conventional electron microscopy resulted in a marked deterioration or complete disruption of the order of the actin filament networks. In contrast, the actin filaments of the stress fiber bundles were essentially unaffected. Thus, postfixation in osmium tetroxide (1% for 7 min at room temperature) transformed the networks to a reticulum of kinked fibers, resembling those produced by the exposure of muscle F-actin to OsO4 in vitro (P. Maupin-Szamier and T. D. Pollard. 1978. J. Cell Biol. 77:837--852). While limited exposure to OsO4 (0.2+ for 20 min at 0 degrees C) obviated this destruction, dehydration in acetone or ethanol, with or without post-osmication, caused a further and unavoidable disordering and aggregation of the meshwork filaments. The meshwork regions of the leading edge then showed a striking resemblance to the networks hitherto described in critical point-dried preparations of cultured cells. I conclude that much of the "microtrabecular lattice" described by Wolosewick and Porter (1979. J. Cell Biol. 82:114--139) in the latter preparations constitutes actin meshworks and actin filament arrays, with their associated components, that have been distorted and aggregated by the preparative procedures employed. PMID- 6799520 TI - Immunoelectron microscope studies of membrane-microfilament interactions: distributions of alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, and vinculin in intestinal epithelial brush border and chicken gizzard smooth muscle cells. AB - The ultrastructural localization of three cytoskeletal proteins, alpha-actinin, tropomyosin, and vinculin, in the brush border of epithelial cells of chicken small intestine and the smooth muscle cells of chicken gizzard was studied by immunofluorescence and immunonelectron microscope labeling of frozen sections of lightly fixed, intact tissues. In the immunoelectron microscope studies, a recently described new type of electron-dense antibody conjugate, imposil antibody, has been successfully used, along with ferritin-antibody conjugates, in single and double immunolabeling experiments. In the intestinal brush border shows that vinvulin is sharply confined to the junctional complex close to the membrane region of the zonula adherens, in distinct contrast to the more diffuse distributions of the other two proteins. In the smooth muscle cells, the labeling patterns show that vinculin is sharply confined to the membrane-associated dense plaques, closer to the membrane than the alpha-Actinin is also present in the cytoplastic dense bodies, from which vinculin is absent. Tropomyosin is present diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm, but absent from both dense plaques and dense bodies. These findings with the muscle cells demonstrate, therefore, that the dense plaques and dense bodies are chemically and structurally distinct entities. The results with both tissues, along with those in previous papers (Geiger, 1979, Cell. 18:193-205.; Geiger et al., 1980, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77:4127-4131), suggest that vinculin may play an important and widespread role in the linkage of actin-containing microfilament bundles to membranes. PMID- 6799523 TI - Galactose transfer to endogenous acceptors within Golgi fractions of rat liver. AB - The distribution of galactosyl transferase was studied using trans and cis Golgi fractions isolated by a modification of the Ehrenreich et al. procedure (1973. J. Cell Biol. 59:45-72) as well as an intact Golgi fraction isolated by a new one step procedure. Two methods of assay were used. The first method analyzed the ability of Golgi fractions to transfer galactose (from uridine diphosphogalactose [UDP-gal] substrate) to the defined exogenous acceptor ovomucoid. The second method assessed the transfer of galactose from UDP-gal substrate to endogenous acceptors (endogenous glycosylation). The trans Golgi fraction (Golgi light) was highly active by the first method but revealed only low activity by the second method. Golgi fractions enriched in central and cis elements (the Golgi intermediate, heavy and especially the intact Golgi fraction) were highly active in both methods of assay. The endogenous glycosylation approach was validated by gel fluorography of the endogenous acceptors. For all Golgi fractions, transfer of galactose was revealed to secretory glycopeptides. It is concluded that galactosyl transferase activity in vivo occurs primarily in central and cis Golgi elements but not trans Golgi vesicles. PMID- 6799522 TI - Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is associated with centrioles and basal bodies. AB - We have localized a fraction of the enzyme, purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), to the centrioles and basal bodies of mammalian, avian, and protozoan cells. Two completely independent methods were used, one based on the ultrastructural cytochemistry of the enzyme activity and one based on immunofluorescence microscopy using an antibody raised in rabbit against purified human PNP. PNP catalyzes the reversible conversion of purine nucleosides and inorganic phosphate to the corresponding purine bases and ribose-1-phosphate. Its partial localization to centrioles and basal bodies raises the possibility that purine compounds are involved in centriole replication and/or in the regulation of microtubule assembly in vivo. No centriolar PNP could be detected in primary skin fibroblast from two infants with severe immunodeficiency disease associated with the absence of soluble PNP. This raises the possibility that defects in centriole function may contribute to the impaired division and maturation of T lymphoid precursor in this inherited disorder. Initially, the immunofluorescence analyses were complicated by a residual centriole-binding antibody that persisted in immunoglobulins from immune animals after complete removal of anti-PNP by affinity chromatography. Binding was abolished by exposure of cells to sodium periodate, indicating that this (and possibly other) "spontaneous" anticentriole antibodies in rabbit serum may be directed against carbohydrates. PMID- 6799525 TI - Retention of antidiuretic hormone-induced particle aggregates by luminal membranes separated from toad bladder epithelial cells. AB - Aggregates of intramembrane particles appear in the luminal membranes of renal collecting duct and amphibian bladder cells after stimulation by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). We undertook this freeze-fracture study to determine whether particle aggregates, once in place, remain in the luminal membrane of the amphibian bladder after the membrane is physically separated from the rest of the cell. We found that the aggregates do remain in high yield in isolated membranes stabilized with a bifunctional imidoester (DTBP) followed by fixation with glutaraldehyde, or unfixed but stabilized with DTBP. These findings support the view that the particles are intrinsic membrane components and that their organization in the form of aggregates does not depend on the presence of the intact cell. In addition, the availability of isolated membranes containing particle aggregates provides a starting point for the isolation of the water conducting proteins. PMID- 6799524 TI - Membrane fusion and glycosylation in the rat hepatic Golgi apparatus. AB - When purified Golgi fractions were incubated with UDP-[3H]galactose in the absence of Triton-X-100, radioactivity was incorporated into an endogenous lipid and several peptide acceptors. Electron microscope analysis of Golgi fractions incubated in the endogenous galactosyl transferase assay medium revealed extensive fusion of Golgi saccules. Systematic removal of constituents in the galactosyl transferase assay medium showed enhanced (minus beta-mercaptoethanol) or reduced (minus ATP, minus sodium cacodylate buffer or minus MnCl2) fusion of Golgi membranes compared to the complete medium, Stereologic analysis revealed a correlation between membrane fusion and galactosyl transferase activity (r = 0.99, P less than 0.001). Electron microscope radioautography was carried out after incubation of Golgi fractions with UDP-[3H]galactose. Silver grains were not observed over trans elements of Golgi but were revealed mainly over large fused saccules with the number of silver grains being proportionate to membrane fusion (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001). Bilayer destabilization at points of Golgi membrane fusion may act to translocate galactose across the Golgi membrane and thereby provide a fusion regulated substrate for terminal glycosylation. PMID- 6799526 TI - Regulation of extra- and intracellular pH in the brain in severe hypoglycemia. PMID- 6799527 TI - Effects of immobilization stress on regional cerebral blood flow in the conscious rat. AB - Immobilization stress of conscious, normotensive, freely breathing 10-month-old Wistar-Kyoto rats produced an overall decline in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), as measured with [14C]iodoantipyrine, except at the frontal lobe. In 14 brain regions, rCBF fell by an average of 14.3% after 5 min of immobilization and by 11.9% after 15 min. Immobilization stress also stimulated hyperventilation and thereby reduced PaCO2. The slope relating rCBF to PaCO2 averaged 1.5 ml 100 g-1 min-1 mm Hg-1 in 9 significantly affected regions. The findings suggest that rCBF declines during immobilization stress because of cerebrovascular constriction caused by a reduction in PaCO2. Comparison of the average slope with published values in indicates furthermore that were PaCO2 to remain unchanged during immobilization, rCBF would increase by at most 20%. PMID- 6799528 TI - CO2 responses of the cerebral circulation during drug-induced hypotension in the cat. AB - Concern has often been expressed that hypocapnia produced by controlled hyperventilation might further reduce cerebral perfusion during drug-induced hypotension. In the present studies, hypotension was induced in cats with either practolol/trimetaphan (five experiments) or practolol/nitroprusside (five experiments) together with controlled haemorrhage. Arterial PCO2 was altered between 17 and 51 mm Hg by varying inspired CO2 during constant-volume ventilation, first during control conditions of light halothane/nitrous oxide anaesthesia and then during hypotension to mean blood pressure of 36-37 mm Hg. Cerebral cortical perfusion was measured by the krypton clearance technique and pial artery diameter by the image-splitting method. Cerebral cortical blood flow did not alter with PaCO2 changes during trimetaphan hypotension, but some responsiveness to CO2 persisted during nitroprusside hypotension, though at less than half control levels. No changes in pial artery diameter were seen with CO2 during hypotension under either technique. It is postulated that CO2 responsiveness persisted with nitroprusside because cerebral blood flow (CBF) values were higher when hypotension was produced with this drug, as compared with trimetaphan. It would appear that hypocapnia does not further reduce CBF during trimetaphan hypotension but does do so with nitroprusside. However, the combination of hypocapnia and nitroprusside hypotension did not in any instance lower CBF below the values found during trimetaphan hypotension. PMID- 6799530 TI - Role of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid derivatives in the coupling of cerebral blood flow to cerebral metabolism. PMID- 6799529 TI - Influence of nitrous oxide on local cerebral blood flow in awake, minimally restrained rats. AB - In order to evaluate the effect of 70-80% N2O on local cerebral blood flow (1 CBF) in the rat brain, we developed a procedure for measuring CBF by an autoradiographic [14C]iodoantipyrine technique in awake, minimally restrained animals. Results on 1-CBF, as measured in 22 different structures, showed little variability between animals. In the majority of structures analyzed, 70-80% N2O failed to alter 1-CBF. These included all cerebral cortical and most subcortical structures. However, nitrous oxide reduced CBF in the inferior colliculus and the superior olive, in two of the limbic structures analyzed, and in the hypothalamus. In no structure, except the striatum (p less than 0.05), was a significant increase in 1-CBF obtained in N2O-breathing animals. However, the results suggest that CBF may have been increased in the auditory cortex. Immobilization was found to reduce 1-CBF in the cerebellum, inferior colliculus, superior olive, hippocampus, and septal nuclei. The results also suggest that the procedure somewhat increased CBF in frontal and parietal cortex. When the results obtained in awake, air-breathing animals were compared with those obtained in immobilized animals ventilated on N2O, there was no significant increase in any of the structures analyzed, although there were suggested increases in all cortical areas except the visual cortex. However, the data showed that ventilation with 70-80% N2O significantly decreased CBF in several structures (inferior colliculus, superior olive, hippocampus, amygdala, septal nuclei, and hypothalamus). In some of these, the effects of 70-80% N2O and of immobilization were obviously additive. PMID- 6799531 TI - Effect of propranolol on local cerebral blood flow under normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions. AB - The effect of propranolol (2.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) on local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in normocapnia was studied in rats maintained artificially ventilated on 70% N2O and 30% O2. The method used was autoradiography with [14C]iodoantipyrine. Although a single dose of propranolol, given 30 min prior to CBF measurements, somewhat reduced mean CBF values in all of the 22 structures analysed, none of the changes were significant. The results confirm previous ones, in which overall CBF was measured, in showing that beta-adrenergic mechanisms have little effect on normal cerebrovascular tone. Following a single dose of propranolol, results obtained in hypercapnia were equally negative; neither did CBF fall significantly when propranolol was given by constant infusion during 15 min. Furthermore, local CBF did not differ between animals infused with dl-propranolol and d-propranolol. It is concluded that in the rat, propranolol has but small effects on the CBF response to hypercapnia, if any. The results reveal that local CO2 responsiveness, calculated as delta CBF/delta PCO2, varies with normocapnic flow rates. PMID- 6799532 TI - Screening method for the detection of aflatoxin and metabolites in human urine: aflatoxins B1, G1, M1, B2a, G2a, aflatoxicols I and II. PMID- 6799534 TI - The abnormal outpatient chemistry panel serum alkaline phosphatase: analysis of physician response, outcome, cost and health effectiveness. AB - Physician response to, as well as outcome, cost and health effectiveness of the alkaline phosphatase component of an automated chemical screening panel in the primary medical care setting were studied. Out of 118 unexpected deviations, only one new diagnosis resulted--type A viral hepatitis. Because only one new diagnosis was made during the study period, estimates are tentative; however, when compared to other tests, the alkaline phosphatase component has a low health effectiveness (0.0298 Discounted Well-Years) and a low cost-effectiveness ($85,400 per Discounted Well-Years) and does not appear to be an economic way to make new diagnoses of therapeutically responsive diseases in the primary care setting. PMID- 6799533 TI - High-performance liquid column and thin-layer chromatographic determination of human serum glibenclamide at therapeutic levels. AB - For glibenclamide bioavailability studies in serum, high-performance liquid column and thin-layer chromatographic methods were introduced. Both methods are specific, accurate and sensitive with detection limits of at least 5 ng of glibenclamide per ml of serum. Detection is performed in the ultraviolet at wavelengths of 200 nm for liquid chromatography or 300 nm for thin-layer chromatography. Serum levels determined by either method correlated well with those determined by an already existing radioimmunoassay. Some pharmacokinetic data were computed using a one-compartment open model. PMID- 6799535 TI - The effects of the gabaergic drug, sodium valproate, on prolactin secretion in normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects. AB - To find out whether the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system affects PRL secretion in humans, sodium valproate (DPA or Na-dipropyl-acetate), a drug inducing increase of endogenous GABA, was administered to 20 normal and 15 hyperprolactinemic subjects. PRL circulating levels were measured by RIA in the samples obtained after acute oral treatment with 400 mg DPA. A significant decrease (P less than 0.01) in comparison with basal levels was observed in normal women from 30-180 min after drug administration. DPA treatment also lowered blood PRL levels in hyperprolactinemic subjects (seven females) without evidence of pituitary tumor. A decrease very similar to the one found in normal subjects (P less than 0.05 vs. basal levels) was observed within 180 min from drug ingestion. Conversely, no significant changes were found after the same treatment in hyperprolactinemic patients with evidence of prolactinoma (seven females and one male). Taken together, these data seem to demonstrate that pharmacological enhancement of endogenous GABAergic tone is followed by inhibition of PRL secretion. They also suggest that GABA may exert an inhibitory control on PRL release in humans. In hyperprolactinemic subjects, this GABAergic control appears to be present only when a pituitary tumor cannot be demonstrated. PMID- 6799538 TI - Effects of porcine follicular fluid on gonadotropin concentrations in rhesus monkeys. AB - The administration of steroid-free charcoal-treated porcine follicular fluid to long term castrated female rhesus monkeys lowered basal serum concentrations of FSH and had almost no effect on serum LH. Treatment with porcine follicular fluid before the administration of exogenous LRH inhibited the release of FSH, but also affected the release of LH. This inhibition was especially striking on the suppression of the peak of release of both FSH or LH at 20 min. These findings suggest that an inhibin-like material present in follicular fluid could play an important role in the secretion of FSH and LH in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6799537 TI - The interovarian progesterone gradient: a spatial and temporal regulator of folliculogenesis in the primate ovarian cycle. PMID- 6799536 TI - Enhanced disparity of gonadotropin secretion by estrone in women with polycystic ovarian disease. AB - The disassociation between serum LH and FSH levels in polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) has been attributed to chronic acyclic estrogen production characterized by a predominance of circulating estrone (E1). This study was designed to determine whether the administration of estrone benzoate (E1B) modulates gonadotropin release in PCO. In five normal women studied during the early follicular phase of a control and subsequent treatment cycle, daily LH and FSH levels were unaltered by E1B administered from days 2 to 6. Gonadotropin responses to LRF given on day 7 were similar during control and treatment cycles. In seven patients with PCO, the mean LH concentration (25.7 +/- 0.7 mIU/ml) and the daily pattern of release were unchanged by E1B administered for 14 days. In contrast, a progressive decline in FSH occurred in each subject. Mean FSH levels decreased significantly from a pretreatment value of 11.3 +/- 0.2 to 9.3 +/- 0.9 mIU/ml by day 2 (P less than 0.05) and 7.2 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml by day 14 (P less than 0.005) of E1B administration. The LH response to LRF in PCO was significantly greater than that observed in the normal subjects, whereas responses before, during, and after E1B administration were similar. The FSH responses to LRF in PCO subjects were comparable to those of the normal subjects. These data indicate that the administration of E1B to PCO subjects reduces FSH levels without altering LH release, thereby enhancing the disparity of gonadotropin secretion encountered in this syndrome. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that impairment of FSH release by chronic acyclic estrogen production derived from nonglandular aromatization of circulating androgen could in large part be responsible for anovulation in PCO. PMID- 6799539 TI - Age variation of the 24-hour mean plasma concentrations of androgens, estrogens, and gonadotropins in normal adult men. AB - The 24-h mean plasma concentrations of androgens (dihydrotestosterone and total and free testosterone), estrogens (estrone and estradiol), and gonadotropins (LH and FSH) were measured in 35 healthy men, aged 21-85 yr, who were rigorously screened to exclude factors known or suspected to alter endocrine function. The plasma total testosterone concentration showed a slow continuous decline with age, decreasing about 35% between 21 and 85 yr of age; the free testosterone level was closely correlated with that of total testosterone over the entire observed concentration range. The concentrations of dihydrotestosterone, estrone, estradiol, and LH were age invariant. The concentration of FSH showed a continuous linear increase with age; the level at age 85 was about 2.5 times the level at age 21. The following conclusions were drawn. 1) Testosterone secretion appears to decline slowly and continuously throughout adult life in men. 2) Measurement of the plasma free testosterone level adds no independent information in healthy men, since its level is closely correlated with that of total testosterone at all concentrations. 3) The continuous rise with age in FSH concentration while LH is age invariant cannot be explained by changes in testosterone or estrogen production, but might be due to a decline of inhibin production with age. PMID- 6799542 TI - [Acid-base disturbance in patients with compensated liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799540 TI - Reproductive hormones in aging men. II. Basal pituitary gonadotropins and gonadotropin responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Although basal serum LH and FSH levels have been shown to increase with age in men, there is evidence that aging may impair pituitary gonadotropin secretion to some extent. We have measured serum LH and FSH before and after the iv injection of 100 micrograms LRH in 69 healthy men, divided into 3 age groups: A (25-49 yr; n = 24), B (50-69 yr; n = 23), and C (70-89 yr; n = 22). We have previously demonstrated these men to have unaltered serum androgens and estrogens over the entire age range. Only log-transformed measures were analyzed in order to equalize variance among groups. Because we found increasing age to be associated with significant rises in basal levels of LH and FSH, and because the basal level affects the magnitude of response, we used repeated measures analysis of variance to compare LRH peak responses with basal gonadotropin levels. The presence of a significant interaction term would indicate an effect of age on response beyond that expected from the effect of basal level alone. The mean LRH responses (log peak--log basal) decreased, with significant interaction terms for both LH (P = 0.001) and FSH (P less than 0.0001) responses. This means that the function relating basal to peak gonadotropin concentrations changed significantly with age. Peak LH responses in the youngest group (A) occurred equally as often 15 and 30 min after LRH injection, but in the oldest group (C) there were no 15 min peaks, and 40% of the peak values occurred at 60 min (P less than 0.01). FSH peaks were equally distributed at 30, 60, and 120 min in all 3 groups. Total testicular volumes did not decrease significantly with age. We conclude that there is a small but statistically significant tendency for LH and FSH responses to LRH to be both diminished and delayed in healthy aging men. The mechanisms responsible for this apparent pituitary gonadotropic hypofunction remain to be clarified. PMID- 6799541 TI - Determinations of endogenous immunoreactive luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in human plasma. AB - A specific and sensitive RIA was developed for measuring immunoreactive LHRH (IR LHRH) in methanol acid-extracted human plasma. Heparinized blood samples were obtained from normal adult women and men, and the plasma was extracted with methanol, acidified, lyophilized, and stored at -20 C until assayed for LHRH. The lowest detectable levels of IR-LHRH in 1.0-3.5 ml methanol acid-extracted plasma ranged from 0.975-1.95 pg/assay tube, and recovery of synthetic LHRH from plasma averaged 88.6 +/- 2.4% (SE). Gel chromatographic separation analysis revealed comparable elution peaks for endogenous, tritiated, and synthetic LHRH. The plasma extract was also effective in evoking the release of LH and FSH in vitro using isolated rat hemipituitaries. IR-LHRH levels in human peripheral plasma rose 50-fold within seconds after an iv bolus injection of 100 micrograms synthetic LHRH with a return to baseline within 60 min. When the pattern of IR LHRH secretion in peripheral plasma was studied, episodes of IR-LHRH rise were observed approximately every 60 min in both men and women. The physiochemical and biochemical properties of IR-LHRH suggest that it is an authentic LHRH. The presence of pulses of IR-LHRH suggests that its concentration in peripheral blood reflects changes in levels in the pituitary portal blood. PMID- 6799543 TI - The sympathetic nervous system modulates antibody response to thymus-independent antigens. AB - Sympathetic nerve endings were destroyed with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and the response to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens compared in 6-OHDA-treated and control mice. A significantly enhanced plaque-forming cell response to 2 thymus-independent antigens was observed in the 6-OHDA-treated mice; in contrast the response to a thymus-dependent antigen was normal. The findings point to selective modulation of antibody response by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6799545 TI - Rejection of allogeneic tumor cells growing in mouse cerebrospinal fluid. Functional analysis of the inflammatory process. AB - Mice injected intracerebrally (i.c.) with mastocytoma cells reject the tumor, which grows rapidly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), within 7 or 8 days. The characteristics of the inflammatory exudate have been examined by several different, functional criteria. Potent cytotoxic T-lymphocyte populations are readily demonstrated in CSF, and both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells capable of mediating antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity are also present. However, no tumor-specific antibody was detected in CSF of mice that had recently rejected the tumor, using sensitive complement-dependent and lymphocyte-dependent cytotoxic assay systems. The process of cell-mediated tumor rejection does not obviously compromise the blood-CSF barrier to immunoglobulins. PMID- 6799544 TI - Binding properties and subclass distribution of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis. AB - Acetylcholine receptor antibodies were studied in the serum of 21 myasthenic patients. In 18 cases antibodies directed against sites other than the toxin binding were present whereas in 10 cases only there was a measurable inhibition of the ligand binding site. These 10 sera were from the 6 patients in stage IIB, III and IV and from 4 of the 12 patients in stage IIA. Antibodies against both non-toxin and ligand binding sites were measured in IgG subclasses. Most of the antibodies of the first type belonged to either subclass 1 or 3. They were, however, never absent from subclasses 2 and 4. Antibodies of the second type were not found in subclasses 2 and 4 except in one case. In 3 cases they were present exclusively in subclass 3. In 3 patients there was no correlation between the subclass distribution of the antibodies for the different binding sites. PMID- 6799546 TI - Effect of colony stimulating factor on murine macrophages. Induction of antitumor activity. AB - Colony stimulating factor (CSF) was assessed for its capacity to stimulate antitumor activity in macrophages. Murine peritoneal macrophages incubated with CSF for 48 h inhibited [3H[thymidine (TdR) incorporation by P815 tumor cells to approximately 20% of control values. Inhibition of CSF-stimulated macrophages was significantly greater than inhibition by unstimulated macrophages (P less than 0.001). CSF had little direct effect on the proliferation of either tumor cells or macrophages alone, indicating that the antitumor activity of CSF was mediated by macrophages. it is unlikely that impurities in the CSF preparations were responsible for the effect since CSF that had been purified to homogeneity was as active as crude preparations. Furthermore the activity of CSF on macrophages was blocked by addition of purified anti-CSF antibodies. In addition to being tumoristatic, CSF-stimulated macrophages were tumoricidal as determined by a tumor colony growth assay. Tumor cells that had been incubated with CSF stimulated macrophages showed a significant reduction in tumor colony-forming units (P less than 0.01). Thus, in addition to its effect on hemopoietic stem cells, CSF induces certain effector functions in mature macrophages that may enhance endogenous antitumor host defenses. PMID- 6799547 TI - Enhancement of residual arylsulfatase B activity in feline mucopolysaccharidosis VI by thiol-induced subunit association. AB - The molecular pathology of the deficient arylsulfatase B activity in feline mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI was investigated. Compared with the highly purified normal feline hepatic enzyme, the purified MPS VI residual activity had a 100-fold higher Michaelis constant (K(m)), an altered electrophoretic mobility, half the apparent native molecular weight, and markedly decreased thermo-, cryo-, and pH stabilities. Molecular weight and alkylation studies were consistent with the normal enzyme being a homodimer and the residual MPS VI enzyme a monomer. When incubated with various sulfhydryl reagents, the residual specific activity was enhanced several-fold, whereas the activity of the purified normal enzyme was un-affected or slightly inhibited. In the presence of dithiothreitol (DTT) and cysteamine, a lysosomotropic aminothiol, the residual activity had an electrophoretic mobility and native molecular weight similar to those of the normal feline enzyme. These findings suggested that the monomeric residual enzyme was dimerized in the presence of thiol-reducing agents. To determine if thiol induced subunit association could therapeutically increase the residual activity and degrade the accumulated dermatan sulfate, in vitro and in vivo experiments were undertaken. When 2 mM DTT or cysteamine was incubated with heparinized whole blood from an MPS VI cat, the leukocyte residual arylsulfatase B activity increased 11- and 20-fold, respectively, and the accumulated dermatan sulfate was degraded in the presence of both thiol reagents. Intravenous administration of DTT (50 mg/kg) effected an immediate, but transient, increase in leukocyte residual activity; however, the substrate levels were not significantly decreased. In contrast, intravenous administration of cysteamine (15 mg/kg) increased leukocyte residual activity more than sixfold 30 min postinfusion; concomitantly, the leukocyte substrate was decreased to 35% of the initial level immediately after infusion and to about 45% of preinfusion values during the 120 min period studied. These results suggest that the defective residual activity in feline MPS VI can be therapeutically manipulated by thiol-induced subunit association. Furthermore, this animal analog provides a prototype for the investigation of human inborn errors of metabolism resulting from enzymatic defects that might be amenable to enzyme manipulation therapy. PMID- 6799548 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of high molecular weight polysaccharide vaccine from immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The safety and immunogenicity of a high molecular weight polysaccharide from immunotype 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested in a dose response fashion in adult volunteers. The vaccine lacked toxicity and pyrogenicity for experimental animals. Doses of 50, 75, 150, or 250 microgram were given to groups of individuals as a single dose subcutaneous injection. Doses of 150 and 250 microgram were associated with a significant rise in binding and opsonic antibody at 2 wk postimmunization. Titers remained unchanged for up to 6 mo. The vaccine was almost devoid of toxicity, eliciting no more than a slightly sore and tender arm at the site of injection. High molecular weight polysaccharide antigen appears to induce a good immune response following vaccination that is effective in mediating opsonophagocytic killing of live P. aeruginosa organisms. PMID- 6799549 TI - beta-Hydroxy fatty acid production by ischemic rabbit heart. AB - beta-Hydroxymyristate, -palmitate, and -stearate were produced by and accumulated in isolated rabbit heart when perfused ischemically for 2-10 min by the nonrecirculating langendorff technique with 0.75 mM palmitate and 0.16 mM albumin. Tissue fractionation into mitochondria and cytosol showed that by 2 min of ischemia 44% of beta-hydroxypalmitate and 38% beta-hydroxystearate was located in the cytosol; this percentage increased to greater than 50% by 5 min of ischemia. Lipid fractionation studies showed that by 10 min these two beta hydroxy fatty acids were distributed approximately as 60% acylcarnitine, 20% acyl coenzyme A (CoA), and 20% free fatty acids. All three chemical forms of beta hydroxypalmitate were found in both the mitochondria and the cytosol. After 10 min of ischemia beta-hydroxypalmitoyl-CoA and beta-hydroxystearoyl-CoA constituted at least 16% of the incremental long-chain acyl-CoA, whereas beta hydroxypalmitoylcarnitine and b-hydroxystearoylcarnitine constituted 8% of the incremental long-chain acylcarnitine. These data suggests that myocardial beta hydroxyacyl-CoA oxidation is limited during ischemia. Substrate accumulates and is transferred to the cytosol where it accumulates primarily as beta hydroxyacylcarnitine. PMID- 6799550 TI - Experimental studies on cerebellar foliation. I. A qualitative morphological analysis of cerebellar fissuration defects after neonatal treatment with 6-OHDA in the rat. AB - The present report describes the natural history of defective cerebellar fissuration in the rat after neonatal treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Within 24 hours after an intracisternal (IC) injection of 100 micrograms 6-OHDA cerebellar pial fibroblasts degenerated almost completely and were phagocytosed b macrophages within 2-5 days postinjection (dpi) leaving the cerebellar surface denuded of pia. Bergmann glia end feet at first exhibited morphological signs of gliosis and later formed new sprouts that penetrated the basal lamina and grew into the subarachnoid space covering regenerating pial fibroblasts and also invading ectopic colonies of external granular layer (EGL) cells. Breaches in the basal lamina appeared after the pial fibroblast had been destroyed and were confined to areas where Bergmann glia end feet were absent and where EGL cells were opposed to the basal lamina. EGL cells escaped through these fractures into the subarachnoid space in the fissures, where they proliferated to form large colonies of granule and stellate cells. In those fissures in which EGL ectopia featured, opposing folia fused and fissures were lost. These findings suggest that pial fibroblasts and the basal lamina have an important role in maintaining lobular partition during development of the cerebellum, in establishing cerebellar fissures, and in consolidating Bergmann glia-EGL cell relationships as a prerequisite for orderly migration of EGL cells. PMID- 6799551 TI - Experimental studies on cerebellar foliation. II. A morphometric analysis of cerebellar fissuration defects and growth retardation after neonatal treatment with 6-OHDA in the rat. PMID- 6799552 TI - [A survey of the contamination of hand-reamers and the efficacy of various disinfectants]. PMID- 6799555 TI - Genetic differences in malathion avoidance and resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799554 TI - A pedunculated lesion of the skin. Case Report. PMID- 6799556 TI - Prevention of hyaline membrane disease in premature lambs by apneic oxygenation and extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal. AB - Hyaline membrane disease is found only in lungs where pulmonary ventilation has been established, i.e. after birth. We delivered eleven fetal lambs of a gestational age of 128-130 days but instead kept their lungs in total apnea and inflated to constant pressure, while removing all metabolically produced carbon dioxide with an extracorporeal membrane lung. Oxygen was provided by the membrane lung, and by apneic oxygenation through the natural lungs. Hence, arterial blood gases remained always normal, without any pulmonary ventilation. After 6-66 h the lungs had sufficiently cleared to allow normal mechanical pulmonary ventilation in 10 our of 11 lambs so treated. In a control group treated with mechanical ventilation alone, five of seven lambs died within the first 24 h of severe hyaline membrane disease. PMID- 6799553 TI - A risk management program for dental schools. AB - Risk management is an organized activity designed to reduce the risk of legal claims and minimize the awards that arise as a result of professional and general negligence by the staff of an institution. As a result of the malpractice crisis, the accompanying unprecedented rise in insurance costs, and the transformation of dental school clinics to include the role of providing services to the community, Risk Management Programs are assuming an ever-increasing prominence. This article describes the development and organization of the Risk Management Program at one school. PMID- 6799557 TI - Fructose, xylitol and glucose in total parenteral nutrition. AB - A comparison was made between isocaloric amounts of 24% glucose and 24% Triofusin (composed of 120 g fructose, 60 g glucose and 60 g xylitol per liter) during the course of a 6-day, 3-phase crossover study of 15 patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. The patients received a total of 0.5 g carbohydrate per kg per day. Plasma glucose as significantly higher during glucose infusion (7-22 mmol/l, median: 9 mmol/l,) than during Triofusin infusion (5-16 mmol/l, median: 6 mmol/l). A moderate to severe glucosuria was detected in three patients during infusion of 24% glucose, and this declined considerably during the Triofusin period. The total renal carbohydrate loss during the glucose period was 0-143 g, median: 6 g per day, and during the Triofusin period was 6-68 g, median: 10 g per day. The nitrogen balance and carbamide production rate were the same in the two infusion regimes. Changes in biochemical liver parameters were observed in most of the patients, but these could not be attributed to parenteral nutrition. None of the patients developed symptoms of metabolic acidosis. There was a slightly but significantly higher urinary excretion of oxalate in the Triofusin period (0.1-1.1 mmol per day, median: 0.5 mmol per day) than in the glucose period (0.1 1.0 mmol per day, median: 0.4 mmol per day). Most of the patients exhibited a slightly increased urinary excretion of urate, irrespective of the infusion regimen. Serum urate remained normal. It was concluded that Triofusin infused in the described dosage is a suitable calorie source for parenteral nutrition, but that it does not present a distinct advantage over the use of pure glucose solution. In patients suffering from reduced glucose tolerance, however, Triofusin represents a more easily manageable calorie course. PMID- 6799558 TI - Protein sparing and protein replacement in acutely injured patients during TPN with and without amino acid supply. AB - The metabolic effects of TPN were studied in a selected group of trauma patients. Nineteen patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first was treated with glucose and insulin, the second with glucose, insulin and amino acids. Each patient in both groups received TPN isocaloric with respect to daily energy output and the treatment lasted five days. Each group was further divided into two subsets (severe or moderate catabolism) according to fasting energy output with respect to the expected energy expenditure. During the acute flow phase, both in moderate as well as in severe catabolism, glucose and insulin were effective for protein sparing; the maximum protein sparing effect was reached when giving a caloric intake equal to 130% of daily energy output. Glucose, insulin and amino acids were effective in replacement of nitrogen losses. In moderately catabolic patients nitrogen balance was significantly better than in severely catabolic patients. This study shows that early and short-term TPN is effective in controlling the flow phase of trauma. Glucose and insulin appear to be the determinants of the protein sparing effect when given in amounts equal to those needed; amino acids provided protein replacement when given in amounts equal to about 20% of energy output. Energy supply higher than 120-130% of daily energy output does not increase protein sparing and protein replacement, the only effect being a further increase in metabolism, which is possibly dangerous in critically ill patients. PMID- 6799559 TI - Requisites of advocacy: philosophy, research, documentation. Phase II of the costs and benefits of nutritional care. PMID- 6799560 TI - Maternal nutrition in the 1980s. AB - Tight money, limited resources, and stringent accountability will characterize maternal nutrition in the 1980s. Our communities will continue to need the best available services. But those needs will have to be much better defined so that funds can be allocated more wisely. The urgency of the times requires that we assemble our baseline data on health and nutrition as rapidly as possible so that we can consolidate the achievements of the 1970s with a minimum of loss. Only then can we generate plans and expectations that fit the years ahead. PMID- 6799564 TI - Duodenal and jejunal diverticula causing a pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 6799561 TI - Assessment of the elderly for long-term care. PMID- 6799563 TI - A symposium on long term care. PMID- 6799565 TI - A modified radioimmunoassay for antibodies against Brucella abortus. AB - The radioimmunoassay for brucellosis previously reported from this laboratory was a sensitive and useful method for detecting antibody against Brucella abortus in bovine serum. Changes in the procedure have improved sensitivity, have apparently increased interassay precision, and have made the assay easier to perform. PMID- 6799562 TI - [Antiviral agents and corneal epithelium cicatrisation: study in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - Five clinically-used antiviral drugs (3% adenine arabinoside ointment; 3% acycloguanosine ointment; 0.24% idoxuridine ointment; 1% trifluorothymidine drops) were compared with a control (petrolatum base) to determine their toxic effects on rabbit corneal epithelium after injury by iodine vapors: --Only trifluorothymidine significantly retarded healing of epithelial erosions. - Histopathologic examination after seven-day treatment showed that all five drugs, except vidarabine and to a lesser degree acycloguanosine, caused toxic changes in the regenerating epithelium. PMID- 6799566 TI - The serological response of cattle to vaccines against brucellosis, as measured by the brucellosis radioimmunoassay and other tests. AB - Serum sample were obtained from 281 heifers vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19, and from 50 heifers that had received two injections of killed B. abortus strain 45/20 adjuvant (K45/20A) vaccine. The serological response measured by the brucellosis radioimmunoassay (RIA) was compared with responses measured by other tests. The serological responses of cattle during the first weeks after strain 19 vaccination were found to give little guide to the frequency of persistent reactions. In the case of strain 19, persistent reactions were considered to be those occurring 12 or more months after vaccination. In heifers vaccinated at the recommended age, small numbers of persistent reactions were given by the RIA (four in 374 sera), the complement fixation test using warm fixation (CFTW) (six in 383) and cold fixation (one in 185), the serum agglutination test (two in 222) and the indirect haemolysis test (IHLT) (two in 369). The Rose Bengal plate test gave 74 persistent reactions in 374 sera. Five of the 50 heifers gave particularly prolonged responses to K45/20A vaccine. In these animals the RIA and IHLT remained positive for longer than the CFTW. PMID- 6799567 TI - Perspectives on the economics of mental health. PMID- 6799568 TI - Benefit-cost analysis of a controlled experiment: treating the mentally ill. AB - This study is the first benefit-cost analysis of a controlled (random assignment) experiment in the mental health field. It compares, in terms of an unusually wide variety of "tangible" and "intangible" forms of benefits and costs, a traditional hospital-based approach to treating the mentally ill with a nontraditional community-based approach. The study highlights the very different forms taken by the effects of the alternative therapies. Thus it shows how distorted conclusions can result from a failure of benefit-cost analyses to measure benefits and costs comprehensively; a change in form can be mistaken for a change in level of costs or benefits. PMID- 6799569 TI - Localization of carboxypeptidase A to the macromolecular heparin proteoglycan protein complex in secretory granules of rat serosal mast cells. PMID- 6799570 TI - Genetic control of experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. III. Ia molecules mediate cellular immune responsiveness to acetylcholine receptors. AB - When MHC congenic and recombinant mice are inoculated with Torpedo acetylcholine receptors (AChR) with adjuvants, the magnitude of autoantibody responses to muscle AChR and the defect of neuromuscular transmission closely parallel in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to Torpedo AChR. All of these responses are controlled by gene(s) at the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. Data presented in this report confirm in back-cross mice that T lymphocyte proliferative responses to AChR are controlled by a Mendelian dominant gene linked to H-2, at the I-A subregion. Lymphocyte responses were eliminated by blocking Ia antigens on lymph node cell surfaces with appropriate anti-I-A alloantisera and by removal of adherent cells. A spontaneous mutation at the I-A subregion in the B6 strain, which resulted in structural alteration of the A beta chain of Ia, converted high responsiveness to AChR to a state of low responsiveness. These data implicate a macrophage-associated Ia molecule in induction of autoimmune responses to AchR, probably in the presentation of AChR to helper T lymphocytes that thereby help B lymphocytes to differentiate into anti-AChR antibody-forming cells. PMID- 6799571 TI - Switch from NP-specific IgG3 to IgG1 in the mouse hybridoma cell line S24/63/63. AB - We have isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting an IgG1 expressing class switch variant (S24-1/47) from the IgG3-producing mouse hybridoma cell line S24/63/63. Both Ig bind the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-phenylacetyl (NP) with approximately the same affinity and fine specificity and are idiotypically indistinguishable. The apparent m.w. is 50,000 for the gamma 1 and 51,000 for the gamma 3 chain. The genomic DNA of IgG3-producing S24/63/63 cells contains a 14-kb Eco RI restriction fragment with C gamma 3 sequences representing a rearranged C gamma 3 gene. In the class switch variant S24-1/47 the C gamma 3 gene is deleted. PMID- 6799572 TI - Interactions between lymphocyte membrane molecules. II. Characterization of an interaction between B lymphocyte surface IgD and Fc IgG receptors that differs from the surface IgM-Fc IgG receptor interaction. AB - The B lymphocyte surface membrane receptors IgD (sigD) and Fc IgG receptors (Fc gamma R) were evaluated for interactions by means of immunofluorescence. Ligand (F(ab')2 anti-delta) induced capping of sIgD resulted in co-capping of Fc gamma R if the latter were occupied during the capping process by soluble antigen antibody complexes (which themselves provided insufficient cross-linking to result in capping), but not if the Fc gamma R were occupied by monomeric IgG or unoccupied. Capping of Fc gamma R by highly cross-linked complexes did not cause co-capping of sIgD occupied by monomeric F(ab') anti-delta. The interaction between sIgD and Fc gamma R was specific in that cross-reactions between ligands were excluded and ligand-induced capping of sIgD did not cause co-capping of ligand-occupied sIgM or I-A antigens. The sIgD-Fc gamma R interaction occurred on only approximately 60% of B lymphocytes, and this B cell subpopulation did not correlate with other B cell subpopulations (CBA/N strain B cells and B cells bearing either large or small amounts of sIgD). The sIgD-Fc gamma R interaction differed from the sIgM-Fc gamma R interaction in that co-redistribution of the Fc gamma R was occupied by monomeric IgG and involved nearly all B lymphocytes. The qualitative and quantitative differences between the sIgD-Fc gamma R and sIgM-Fc gamma R interactions suggest a mechanism whereby the two antigen receptors could provide different signals to the B lymphocyte. PMID- 6799573 TI - Induction of proliferation and Ig production in human B leukemic cells by anti immunoglobulins and T cell factors. AB - The proliferation and differentiation of human leukemic B cells (B-CLL cells) with anti-Ig and T cell-derived helper factors are described. Stimulation of B CLL cells with anti-Ig and T helper factors could induce proliferation as well as differentiation into IgM- and IgG-producing cells. Neither anti-Ig nor T helper factors alone could induce any proliferation and/or differentiation of B-CLL cells. Not only whole molecules of anti-Ig but also F(ab')2 fragments could induce proliferation and differentiation of B-CLL cells in the presence of T helper factors, but monovalent Fab' fragments were not effective. Induction of both IgM and IgG with the same idiotype was confirmed by immunofluorescent and SDS-PAGE analysis. By employing an IL 2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line and a TRF responsive B cell line, T cell factors were separated into a fraction with IL2 activity but no TRF activity and a fraction with TRF activity but no IL 2 activity by chromatofocusing. Anti-Ig and IL 2 fraction could induce proliferation of B-CLL cells, but TRF fraction was not effective for the induction of proliferation in anti-IG-stimulated cells. For IgM and IgG production, anti-Ig and both IL 2 and TRF fractions were required. Depletion of IL 2 fraction in the first 2 days' culture inhibited Ig production, whereas the absence of TRF fraction in the first 2 days did not show any inhibitory effect on Ig production. PMID- 6799574 TI - Biosynthesis and processing of a human T lymphocyte antigen. AB - The biosynthesis and processing of Leu-1, a human T lymphocyte antigen, has been studied with the use of a monoclonal antibody. This molecule exists on the cell surface as a 67,000 m.w. glycoprotein. Through a series of pulse-labeling studies, in conjunction with the use of the antibiotic tunicamycin and the enzyme Endo-H, the details of glycosylation, processing, and deposition at the cell membrane were examined. The protein backbone of the molecule is 58,000 m.w. High mannose sugars are added to asparagine residues during synthesis. Within 20 min, these high mannose sugars are converted to complex type carbohydrates, including fucose. The fully processed glycoprotein appears at the cell surface within 30 min after synthesis. This sequence of events is similar to that for other cell surface glycoproteins, including HLA and vesicular stomatitus virus glycoprotein. PMID- 6799575 TI - A crucial role of the H-2 D locus in the regulation of both the D- and the K associated cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against Moloney leukemia virus, demonstrated with two Db mutants. PMID- 6799576 TI - Immunogenetics of BCG-induced anergy in mice: control by genes linked to the Igh complex. AB - The genetics of BCG-induced anergy was studied in mice by evaluating delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes. Data obtained using congenic mice and by linkage analysis suggested that genes linked to the H-2 complex do not influence the development of anergy. However, studies in allotype-congenic partners (BALB/c; BALB.Igb) indicated that anergy was influenced by genes linked to the immunoglobulin heavy chain complex (Igh). Breeding studies indicated that the gene influencing anergy is recessive. These studies were extended by using BXD recombinant inbred mice, and verified that anergy is controlled by genes linked to the Igh complex. Because several markers and a tentative map has been constructed for the Igh complex on chromosome 12 in BXD mice, we suggest that the gene that controls BCG-induced anergy is located on the centrometric side of Igh C approximately 18 to 28 recombination units. PMID- 6799577 TI - Use of monoclonal antibody to increase sensitivity and specificity in quantitative immunodiffusion assays. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody has been produced which recognizes human liver gamma cystathionase, Radioiodination of the monoclonal antibody facilitated its use in combination with non-specific precipitating rabbit antisera in classical immunodiffusion assays. The technique may have broad applicability in the detection and quantitation of rare antigens which are difficult to purify but easily recognizable in immunodiffusion assays. It may also be used for the initial detection of monoclonal antibodies to unique antigens of interest. PMID- 6799578 TI - A rapid and sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay for C-reactive protein. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactant the concentration of which increases significantly following tissue injury or inflammation. I report here the development of a rapid and sensitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for determination of serum CRP. The inclusion of 4% (w/v) polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the diluent buffers made it possible to quantitate CRP within 4 h at room temperature. The minimum detectable amount was about 500 pg CRP/ml. Excellent correlation in determination of serum CRP was found between solid-phase EIA and nephelometric assay, radial immunodiffusion and the qualitative latex agglutination tests. PMID- 6799579 TI - Measurement of the complement C3 breakdown product C3d by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. AB - A method is described for quantitative measurement of C3d in plasma and synovial fluid by the use of rocket immunoelectrophoresis after fractionation of the samples with 22% polyethylene glycol. This method has the advantage over radial immunodiffusion of being more sensitive (detecting C3d down to 3 mg/l) whilst proving equally reproducible. Investigations indicate that the collection of blood samples in EDTA prevents in vitro activation of C3 even after storage for up to 6 h at room temperature and up to 12 weeks at -70 degrees C. Elevated levels of C3d were found in a proportion of SLE and RA plasma samples and in synovial fluids from patients with inflammatory synovitis. It is suggested that C3 conversion in vivo may be assessed by measurement of C3d by the technique described, and when used in conjunction with measurements of complement components and immune complexes, offers a means of investigating complement catabolism by the classical and alternative pathways. PMID- 6799580 TI - Miniaturization of beta-galactosidase immunoassays using chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. AB - Enzyme immunoassay techniques are widely use to quantify various antigens and antibodies. The final step of these techniques (i.e. enzyme reaction) may be carried out in several ways (e.g. chromogenic, fluorogenic, or radioactive substrate and thermometric measurement). This paper compares the effectiveness of the chromogenic and the fluorogenic substrates in the beta-galactosidase immunoassay. Using microtitration plates (150 microliter samples) coated with anti-human IgE, and anti-human IgE labeled with E. coli beta-galactosidase, the lowest concentrations of IgE that one could detect employing either the chromogenic (o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) or the fluorogenic (4-methyl umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) substrate were determined. It was found that both substrates were almost equally effective in measuring the lowest concentration of IgE (0.075-0.13 IU/ml) under the optimal conditions. But, using fluorogenic substrate and suitable apparatuses the enzyme immunoassay can be miniaturized. Thus by using decreasing volumes of reagents, progressively smaller amounts of antigen were quantified: as the sample volumes were reduced from 150 to 10 microliter and finally to 0.3 microliter a progressive decrease from 7 x 107 molecules of IgE to 2.9 x 107 molecules and to 1.5 x 106 molecules was observed. The corresponding lowest detection limits were 0.075 IU/ml, 0.46 IU/ml and 0.8 IU/ml. PMID- 6799581 TI - The fixation of anti-HBsAg on plastic surfaces. AB - Serum samples were found to be capable of desorbing as much as 40% of the antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAg) adsorbed to plastic surfaces. This previously unreported loss could affect the accuracy of the assay, so chemical fixation was examined as a means for preventing antibody desorption during a 'sandwich' radioimmunoassay for HBsAg. Methods for fixing the anti-HBsAg were developed with glutaraldehyde and ethylchloroformate. Both methods prevented antibody desorption from polyvinylchloride and polystyrene without affecting immunoreactivity in radioimmunoassay. A combined glutaraldehyde ethylchloroformate method resulted in stronger fixation that fully resisted the sera that caused the greatest desorption. It was found that only polymerized glutaraldehyde fixed anti-HBsAg to plastic; the monomer was ineffective. Anti HBsAg fixed microtiter plates could be stored for at least 4 weeks without loss of sensitivity in radioimmunoassays. These methods could be adapted for use in other assays where the prevention of protein desorption from the solid phase is an important consideration. PMID- 6799582 TI - Presence of histaminase in fetal calf sera. PMID- 6799585 TI - An artificial capillary in vitro kinetic model of antibiotic bactericidal activity. AB - An in vitro model is described that simulates serum and tissue levels of antibiotic, allowing the exposure of bacteria to changing concentrations of antibiotic with little dilution of the inoculum. A bacterial suspension is placed in the outer chamber of a unit through which runs a bundle of 150 polysulfone hollow fibers that retain proteins of greater than 10,000 daltons. These "capillaries" are in contact with the tubular lumen of a perfusion system. Antibiotic is injected into the tubing and circulated by a pump. At desired intervals given volumes of perfusate are removed and replaced with antibiotic free broth (resulting in decreasing drug concentrations), or a constant level can be maintained. Samples from the outer chamber are taken for determination of bacterial counts and antibiotic levels. This method allows for the in vitro determination of persistent antibiotic effects and comparison of bolus and continuous infusions as well as the effects of single or combined antibodies on bacterial killing and regrowth. PMID- 6799586 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees and marmosets. AB - Nine of 15 specimens of human origin thought to contain non-A, non-B hepatitis agents caused hepatitis in recipient chimpanzees. Two have been further characterized. One inoculum, designated strain F, has been reported to produce unique cytoplasmic changes detected by electron microscopy in liver biopsy specimens; the other, strain H, produced distinctive nuclear changes. It is not yet clear whether these two changes result from infection by different agents; they have been useful markers of non-A, non-B hepatitis in chimpanzees. Strain F was serially passaged six times in chimpanzees, and the infectivity titer of the strain F plasma was estimated to be less than 10(2)/ml. Strain H had an infectivity titer in chimpanzees of at least 10(6)/ml. Both the strain F and strain H agents have been successfully transmitted and serially passaged in marmosets. Although hepatitis was detected in a lower percentage of marmosets than chimpanzees given either the strain F or H inoculum, the infectivity titer of the strain H agent appeared to be greater than or equal to 10(8) marmoset infectious doses/ml. PMID- 6799583 TI - Effect of DOPA-loading on glutathione-dependent 5-S-cysteinyldopa genesis in melanoma cells in vitro. AB - The effect of dopa, cysteine, and glutathione on 5-S-cysteinyldopa (5-S-CD) genesis in melanoma cells cultured in normal and tyrosine- and cysteine-free media has been studied. In normal media only melanotic melanoma cells have been found to secrete 5-S-CD into the medium. In the presence of dopa and cysteine, both, media incubated with and without cells have been found to produce 5-S-CD. In the presence of dopa and glutathione, however, cell-free media did not show the presence of 5-S-CD. In contrast melanoma cell-cultured media has been found to contain large quantities of this amino acid. The optimum condition for maximum production of 5-S-CD via glutathione-dependent pathway has been found to be at the dopa concentration of 10(-5) M when glutathione is present at the concentration of 10(-5) M in the culture medium. Thus dopa concentration with regards to glutathione is 1:1 on the molar basis which is twice the dopa concentration required in in vitro noncellular tyrosinase system. It is suggested that higher dopa requirement in our melanoma cell culture system reflects the co existence of eu- and pheomelanin synthesis taking place according to their genetically predetermined proportions. PMID- 6799587 TI - Type-specific vs. cross-protective vaccination for gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. AB - Groups of guinea pigs received four injections intramuscularly of lipopolysaccharide vaccine derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cross-protective core glycolipid vaccine derived from the J-5 mutant of Escherichia coli O111, or saline during a two-week period. Titers of passive hemagglutinating antibody to vaccine antigens in serum routinely increased fourfold or more. Experimental hemorrhagic pseudomonas pneumonia was then induced, from which the rates of survival were 15% among animals receiving saline, 81% among animals receiving pseudomonas vaccine (P less than 0.001), and 42% among animals receiving J-5 vaccine. Thus, only weak cross-protection against pseudomonas pneumonia was detected in the recipients of J-5 vaccine. Further studies revealed no protection against pneumonia due to either E. coli or Klebsiella in animals receiving J-5 vaccine. From these data, species-specific vaccination appears to be superior to vaccination with cross-protective antigen against experimental pseudomonas pneumonia. PMID- 6799584 TI - Demonstration of tyrosinase in the vitiligo skin of human beings by a sensitive fluorometric method as well as by 14C(U)-L-tyrosine incorporation into melanin. AB - Tyrosinase activity (Monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase EC 1.14.18.1) in vitiligo and normal epidermal homogenates of skin from human beings was measured by estimating beta 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) by a highly sensitive fluorometric method described in this paper. The tyrosine activity in the vitiligo skin was about 4 to 37% of corresponding normal skin. The activity of tyrosinase in normal human skin from different individuals and from different regions of the body was in the range of 4 to 140 picomoles of beta 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine formed per min/mg protein of epidermal homogenate. The enzyme from vitiligo and normal skin was severely inhibited by substance(s) of low molecular weight. The enzyme exhibits a lag of about 4 hr in the absence of added beta 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and 1 hr in presence of 5 microM dopa. Tyrosinase from the normal and vitiligo skin was inhibited by excess concentration of tyrosine. The homogenates from vitiligo skin could synthesize melanin from C14(U)-L-Tyrosine. The rate of tyrosine incorporation into melanin by the epidermal homogenates is increased by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) disproportionate to its effect on tyrosinase activity. Based on the data presented in this paper it is concluded that melanocytes are present in the vitiligo skin. A tentative hypothesis is put forward to explain the lack of melanin synthesis by the vitiligo skin under in vivo conditions, although melanocytes are present. PMID- 6799588 TI - [Antibody-coated bacteria test in the urine of children with urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799589 TI - [Studies on a new selective medium for the isolation of group A, B, C and G hemolytic streptococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799590 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of tobramycin by intravenous drip infusion in pediatric field (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799591 TI - [A case of bronchopneumonia possibly caused by Pasteurella ureae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799592 TI - [Preparation of CF and HA antigens for serological diagnosis of Chlamydia psittacosis and serological survey among inhabitants in Aichi prefecture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799593 TI - [Clinical and biochemical findings in typhoid fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799594 TI - [Studies on the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus inhabited in human and staphylococcal food poisoning. 1. Coagulase types and crystal violet ring test of isolates from clinical specimen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799595 TI - [Studies on the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus inhabited in human and staphylococcal food poisoning. 2. A long-term observation of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mouth washings of healthy adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799596 TI - [Long-term chemotherapy with FT-207 for ovarian cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799597 TI - Sudden sensori-neural hearing loss treated by carbon dioxide and oxygen inhalation. A preliminary study. PMID- 6799598 TI - Reconstruction of cervical esophagus with a segment of colon based on a long vascular pedicle: an experimental study in ten monkeys. AB - The cervical esophagus can be reconstructed with a short segment of colon which, passed subcutaneously anterior to the sternum, is interposed between the pharynx and the upper thoracic esophagus. The segment is supported by a long vascular pedicle composed of the left colic and marginal vessels. The method is more acceptable cosmetically than subcutaneous colon interposition. It is less risky than substernal or mediastinal interposition and less difficult than colon autotransplantation. Its application in the monkey gave satisfactory results. PMID- 6799599 TI - A quick and large-scale density gradient subfractionation method for low density lipoproteins. AB - A quick density gradient-banding subfractionation method has been developed for d < 1.063 g/ml lipoproteins. Up to 324 ml of plasma can be resolved into five distinct layers by a single ultracentrifugation. The separation was achieved with a discontinuous density gradient formed between plasma and a layer of NaCl solution of d 1.080 g/ml in an angle-head rotor during centrifugation at 45,000 rpm for 26 hr at 5 degrees C. VLDL and LDL(1) (layer 1, d < 1.020 g/ml) were at the top. Layer 2 (apparent d 1.025-1.028 g/ml), layer 3 (apparent d 1.032-1.043 g/ml) and layer 4 (apparent d 1.046-1.054 g/ml) were subfractions of normal LDL(2). Layer 5 (d > 1.071 g/ml) contained HDL and plasma proteins. A second step centrifugation separates VLDL from LDL(1). When opaque tubes are used, additional centrifugation is needed to separate layer 4 from layer 5. The subfractionation method was reproducible and was verified by analytical ultracentrifugation, chemical analyses, agarose electrophoresis, and electron microscopy. This method has been applied to plasma of normal males and females of the same age group. The chemical composition of a given subfraction from subjects of the same category was constant. However, compositional differences were found between normal males and females. The triglyceride content was higher in layer 2 and the cholesteryl ester content was lower in layer 4 for normal females than for males. Quantitatively, cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in layer 2 for normal males than for females. Layer 4 and layer 5 were the only fractions containing Lp(a). Applicability of the subfractionation method to studies of dyslipoproteinemia was demonstrated with plasma from patients with type III and type IV hyperlipoproteinemias. Marked differences were found in VLDL and LDL(1), both qualitatively and quantitatively, between the two types of patients and between the type III patient and normal subjects. A primarily quantitative difference was found in VLDL between the type IV patient and normal subjects. This isolation method yields concentrated subfractions that reveal the heterogeneity of LDL(2) in one spin, and offers quick isolation of narrow density ranges of LDL species, thereby providing better defined molecular entities for structural and/or metabolic studies.-Lee, D. M., and D. Downs. A quick and large scale density gradient subfractionation method for low density lipoproteins. PMID- 6799600 TI - Effects of insulin on plasma lipoproteins in diabetic ketoacidosis: evidence for a change in high density lipoprotein composition during treatment. AB - To determine the acute effects of insulin on lipoprotein metabolism, we have followed the plasma lipoprotein lipid and apolipoprotein levels during insulin therapy for the first 24 hr in 13 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Corrections were made for plasma volume changes during treatment. Before insulin treatment, mean plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 574 mg/dl (range 53-2355) and 212 mg/dl (range 118-416), respectively. Insulin therapy resulted in rapid decreases in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), with most patients achieving plasma triglyceride levels below 150 mg/dl at 24 hr. Mean basal levels of intermediate density lipoproteins (IDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol were low (9.9 and 72 mg/dl, respectively) and were statistically invariant with therapy. Mean basal levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were also low (26 mg/dl, range 5-48) and were invariant during the first 12 hr and increased significantly to 29 mg/dl by the 24th hr. Plasma apoprotein (apo) B levels were in the upper normal range (101 mg/dl) before treatment and decreased with therapy due to significant decreases in VLDL, but not IDL or LDL apoB. VLDL appeared to have a normal apoprotein composition which did not change with treatment. Mean apoA-I levels which were near normal in plasma and HDL before therapy, decreased significantly (16%) by 12 hr and subsequently increased towards basal levels between 12 and 24 hr. The ratio of apoA-I to cholesterol in HDL also fell significantly during the entire 24 hr. Density gradient ultracentrifugal analysis of the d > 1.006 g/ml fractions indicated a selective decrease in "lighter" density fractions of HDL-apoA-I during treatment. These results provide evidence that insulin may decrease the secretion of apoA-I into plasma or increase catabolism.-Weidman, S. W., J. B. Ragland, J. N. Fisher, Jr., A. E. Kitabchi, and S. M. Sabesin. Effects of insulin on plasma lipoproteins in diabetic ketoacidosis: evidence for a change in high density lipoprotein composition composition during treatment. PMID- 6799601 TI - Characterization of chylomicron remnant binding to rat liver membranes. AB - The binding of chylomicron remnants to rat liver membranes was investigated using radioiodinated lipoproteins. The specific activity of binding increased in parallel with increased enrichment in plasma membrane markers. The yield of receptor activity, however, decreased with enrichment. Accordingly, a partially purified plasma membrane preparation was used for routine studies. Binding was saturable, with half maximal binding achieved at 4.6 micro g tetramethylurea precipitable protein per ml. The rate of binding was time- and temperature dependent. It could be inhibited only moderately by 10 mM EDTA. Chylomicron remnants appeared to bind to the membrane as a unit. The bound particle was richer in apoproteins of 20,000-50,000 molecular weight relative to low molecular weight apoproteins than the particles that were not bound. Lipoprotein particles containing only human apoB did not bind to liver membranes nor did they compete for the remnant binding site. Rat lipoproteins of d 1.019-1.063 g/ml did compete for remnant binding. When they were separated into apoB-rich (LDL) or apoE-rich (HDL(c)) fractions by block electrophoresis, the apoE-rich fraction was a more potent competitor. ApoE purified and reconstituted into dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles was a potent competitor for the remnant binding site. Vesicles containing (125)I-labeled apoE bound to the membranes, and they could be displaced by unlabeled remnants. Dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine vesicles themselves did not compete with either remnants or apoE-phospholipid vesicles. These results offer strong support for the hypothesis that the liver membrane chylomicron remnant receptor recognizes apoE with a high affinity, and this initiates the rapid removal of lipoproteins that contain this apoprotein. Cooper, A. D., S. K. Erickson, R. Nutik, and M. A. Shrewsbury. Characterization of chylomicron remnant binding to rat liver membranes. PMID- 6799602 TI - Role of prostaglandins in the control of the function of adrenal glomerulosa cells. AB - The role of prostaglandins in the control of aldosterone production was studied in isolated rat glomerulosa cells. Exogenous prostaglandin E2 in concentrations above 10(-9) mol/l increased the production rate of aldosterone; this effect was attenuated by the competitive antagonist, 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid. Prostaglandin F2 alpha (10(-9)--10(-5) mol/l) failed to influence the production rate of aldosterone. The aldosterone-stimulating effect of the prostaglandin precursor, arachidonic acid (5 x 10(-4) mol/l), could not be blocked by inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Basal production rate of aldosterone was not significantly influenced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Glomerulosa cells were stimulated by angiotensin II; this effect was not potentiated by arachidonic acid and was reduced only slightly by indomethacin. The cells were also stimulated by corticotrophin and potassium ions. The effect of these substances was not potentiated by arachidonic acid and was not inhibited by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These results do not confirm the presumption that intra-adrenal prostaglandins play an essential role in the control of aldosterone secretion. Some effects of arachidonic acid and its antagonist, eicosatetraynoic acid, on aldosterone production are considered to be independent of changes in prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6799603 TI - Age- and mental health-related circadian rhythms of plasma levels of melatonin, prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in man. AB - Circadian changes in plasma levels of melatonin, prolactin, LH and FSH were studied in four groups: seven healthy young men, six elderly men, six elderly women and six elderly demented patients (two men and four women). The daily activities of the subjects were synchronous and blood samples were taken every 4 h. The 24-h mean concentrations of prolactin in plasma were the same in all groups, whereas those of LH and FSh were twice as high in the elderly as in the young men and eight and 23 times higher respectively in the elderly women. The 24 h mean plasma levels of melatonin in the elderly were half those in the young, but were not influenced by the sex or mental condition of the subjects. A statistically significant circadian rhythm for melatonin was defined in the four groups, for prolactin in all groups except the elderly men and for LH only in the demented patients and in the young men. No circadian rhythm could be detected for FSH in any of the four groups. The acrophases of melatonin and prolactin ranged between 02.30 and 04.00 h, those of LH (when a rhythm was validated) clustered around 01.00 h. The circadian rhythms of plasma levels of melatonin, prolactin and LH are not modified in old age nor in dementia. A positive correlation has been demonstrated in young men between melatonin and LH and between melatonin and prolactin, but no such correlation could be found in the elderly. PMID- 6799604 TI - Effect of oestrogen on gonadotrophin release in stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) treated chronically with an agonist analogue of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. AB - Nine adult female stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides) treated chronically with daily s.c. injections of D-Ser(But)6,des-Gly10,Proethylamide9, luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH agonist) to inhibit ovulation, were tested for their ability to respond to an oestrogen provocation test (positive feedback). On two occasions during treatment with the LH-RH agonist (first test between 10 and 35 weeks after treatment had started; second test between 30 and 60 weeks after) the animals were given an i.m. injection of 50 micrograms oestradiol benzoate/kg in arachis oil. Controls were tested between days 1 and 5 of the normal cycle. In the control monkeys oestrogen induced a clear rise in LH and FSH concentrations in the blood, with highest values between 48 and 60 h after treatment. In marked contrast, none of the animals treated with LH-RH agonist showed this pattern of response. In the first test, five of the nine monkeys showed no rise in LH while in the remaining animals the response was diminished or delayed, and in the second test all none failed to show a significant rise in LH. In all agonist treated monkeys oestrogen failed to cause an FSH rise in either test. Thus, chronic treatment with LH-RH agonist in the monkey either abolishes, diminishes or delays the oestrogen-induced LH surge. Since, in the primate, oestrogen appears to release LH by acting directly on the pituitary gland exposed to pulses of LH-RH from the hypothalamus it appears that the LH surge is inhibited primarily because the pituitary gland has been exposed to prolonged stimulation by the agonist. PMID- 6799606 TI - Possible role of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in the control of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in the immature female rat. AB - A possible role of 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha androstanediol) in the control of FSH secretion was studied at various ages in ovariectomized rats. In the rat strain used, vaginal opening, coincident with first ovulation, generally occurs between 37 and 42 days of age. If 3 alpha androstanediol alone was given as an ovarian substitute, an inhibitory effect on FSH release was evident with all three doses tested (50, 100, 300 microgram/100 g body wt) between 13 and 30 days of age; at 33-35 days of age only the 300 microgram dose caused some inhibition of FSH release. Results were more complex if 3 alpha-androstanediol was given in combined treatment with oestradiol and progesterone. Given with progesterone, 3 alpha-androstanediol showed a synergistic inhibitory action on FSH release between 20 and 30 days of age. However, when 3 alpha-androstanediol was combined with oestradiol a clear decrease in effect, as compared to the effect of oestradiol alone, was found between 20 and 30 days of age. Also the effect of combined oestradiol and progesterone treatment was greater than the effect of combined treatment with oestradiol, progesterone and 3 alpha-androstanediol. At all ages after day 20 none of the steroid combinations tested was capable of maintaining FSH levels in ovariectomized rats similar to those in intact rats. It is concluded that 3 alpha androstanediol might play a role in the control of FSH secretion in the immature rat, but after day 20 the potentially inhibitory action of 3 alpha androstanediol on FSH secretion is limited in the presence of oestradiol. PMID- 6799607 TI - Photoperiodic modulation of gonadotrophin secretion in castrated Japanese quail. AB - Male Japanese quail were castrated when sexually immature and immediately exposed to one of the following stimulatory lighting regimes for 52 days: 11 h light: 13 h darkness/day (11L : 13D), 12L : 12D, 13L : 11D, 14L : 10D, 15L : 9D, 16L : 8D, 20L : 4D or 23L : 1D. One group was retained on short days (8L : 16D). Clearcut differences in the plasma levels of LH and FSH emerged between the various groups. Levels remained very low in castrated quail on 8L : 16D but were much greater in those on 14L : 10D, 15L : 9D, 16L : 8D, 20L : 4D and 23L : 1D, eventually becoming 15 to 20 times higher. Less pronounced castration responses developed on 13L : 11D, 12L : 12D or 11L : 13D. Alterations in photoperiod after day 52 caused an appropriate rise or fall in LH secretion. Photoperiodically induced suppressions were rapid, being highly significant within 4 days, but increases usually had a slower time course. When sexually mature quail (on 16L : 8D) were castrated and transferred to 8L :16D they also exhibited a rapid suppression in LH secretion. Thus in quail, unlike some mammals, the photoperiodic control over gonadotrophin secretion is independent of the reproductive status of the animal at the time of castration. The results confirm the view that changes in sensitivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to gonadal steroids are not a primary factor in the neural mechanisms underlying photoperiodism in quail. PMID- 6799605 TI - Gonadotrophin, testosterone and prolactin interrelationships in cadmium-treated rats. AB - We have investigated the long-term effect of a single subcutaneous injection of cadmium chloride on plasma testosterone and gonadotrophin levels and the prolactin response to the dopaminergic antagonist metoclopramide in the rat. Twelve days after treatment with cadmium there was testicular necrosis, associated with a decrease in testosterone concentration and atrophy of the accessory sexual glands. By 185 days, partial recovery of the accessory sexual glands indicated by Leydig cell regeneration and a slight rise in testosterone levels had occurred. There was, however, persistent damage to the germinal epithelium. Concentrations of LH increased eightfold above controls by day 12, remained raised until 60 days and then decreased to threefold above controls at 280 days. In contrast, FSH levels reached a maximum between 60 and 130 days and remained persistently raised. The peak prolactin response to metoclopramide in cadmium-treated rats was depressed 12 days after cadmium administration and levels remained low at 19 and 75 days. Normal prolactin responses to metoclopramide were obtained 130 days after cadmium treatment using 1:0 mg metoclopramide/kg or 280 days after treatment using 0.25 mg/kg. When control and cadmium-treated rats were castrated at 280 days and then given metoclopramide 10 days later, the prolactin response was significantly reduced. It is concluded that the impaired prolactin response to metoclopramide in cadmium-treated rats is reversible. Prolactin returns to normal in parallel with regeneration of the Leydig cells, partial restoration of the accessory sex organ weight, slight increase in plasma testosterone and decrease in LH levels. These results suggest that testosterone is not solely responsible for the maintenance of normal prolactin secretion in the male rat. PMID- 6799608 TI - Immune response gene function correlates with the expression of an Ia antigen. I. Preferential association of certain Ae and E alpha chains results in a quantitative deficiency in expression of an Ae:E alpha complex. AB - These studies were stimulated by the observation, reported in the accompanying paper (19), that IEu failed to interact with I-Ak or I-As in F1 mice to allow a response to the antigen, pigeon cytochrome c, unlike I-E subregions derived from other Ia.7+ haplotypes. Serological and biochemical analyses were performed to determine whether or not cells from these F1 mice express the Ak,se:E alpha complexes that should function as restriction elements for T cell recognition of pigeon cytochrome c on antigen-presenting cells. Using the Y-17 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes the combinatorial or conformational determinant Ia.m44 on certain Ae:E alpha complexes, we were able to distinguish between Aue:Eu alpha and Ab,k,se:Eu alpha complexes on cell surfaces. Although complement-dependent microcytotoxicity with Y-17 failed to detect Ab,k,se:Eu alpha complexes on cells from appropriate F1 mice, these molecules were detected by both quantitative absorption and quantitative immunofluorescence studies. However, Ab,k,se:Eu alpha complexes were found to be present at levels only one-seventh to one-eighth the levels expressed by homozygous I-Ab, I-Ek; I-Ak, I-Ek; and I-As, I-Ek cells. The results of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses suggest that the low levels of expression of Ab,k,se:Eu alpha complexes are a consequence of the preferential association of Aue and Eu alpha chains with each other in the F1 cells. As will be shown in the following paper (19), the quantitative deficiency in the expression of Ake:Eu alpha and Ase:Eu alpha complexes results in a corresponding defect in antigen-presenting cell function, thus providing strong evidence that Ia antigens represent products of Ir genes. PMID- 6799609 TI - Resting macrophages produce distinct metabolites from exogenous arachidonic acid. AB - Resident mouse peritoneal macrophages rapidly metabolize free arachidonic acid (20:4) in the absence of a discernible trigger. After a 20-min incubation in serumless medium, one-third of the fatty acid was found esterified in cell phospholipid and two-thirds was metabolized to oxygenated products which were recovered in the culture medium. The 20:4 oxygenated metabolites were identified by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and 6-keto prostaglandin F(1a) (6 ketoPGF(1a)), the stable form of prostacyclin, together with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in proportions of 67:24:9. Inhibitor studies using indomethacin, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid confirmed these metabolites to be lipoxygenase and cyclo-oxygenase products. The proportion of products differs considerably from those generated from phospholipid 20:4 in response to a phagocytic stimulus (HETEs:6-ketoPGF(1a):PGE(2):leukotriene C, 15:25:40: 15-20). Cornyebacterium parvum-elicited macrophages incorporated a higher percentage (70 percent) of exogenously supplied 20:4 and converted less than 20 percent of the fatty acid to oxygenated metabolites. Cyclo-oxygenase products (PGE(2), PGF(2a), TXB(2), and 6-ketoPGF(1a)) represented the major 20:4 metabolites (74 percent) synthesized by these activated macrophages. Esterification of 20:4 into cell phospholipids appeared not to be an initial obligatory step for synthesis of 20:4 oxygenated products by this route. To the contrary, incorporation of 20:4 into cell lipids and metabolism via the cyclo oxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways represent distinct metabolic fates of exogenously supplied 20:4. These observations establish that resting macrophages contain high levels of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase activity and suggest macrophages can synthesize lipid mediators of inflammation in the absence of an inflammatory stimulus. PMID- 6799610 TI - [New reaction mechanisms of C-reactive protein (CRP) and related proteins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799611 TI - Synthesis in vitro of glycosaminoglycans in regenerating rat liver. AB - Chronic liver damage is accompanied by both liver cell multiplication and stimulated synthesis of proteoglycans, but the relationship between the two biochemical processes has not been investigated so far. We found that the incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into total glycosaminoglycans of rat liver slices from regenerating tissue is depressed by about 50% 1 and 3 days after operation if referred to that measured in sham-operated control liver slices. 6 h after partial hepatectomy [14C]glucosamine incorporation into glycosaminoglycans is stimulated by more than 30% in relation to sham operated livers. The proportional rates of synthesis of heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate (about 8:1) did not change in regenerating liver tissue. Furthermore, there was no difference in the intracellular uptake of [14C]glucosamine by rat liver slices from sham operated and partially hepatectomized rats; the pool size of UDP-N acetylhexosamine was only slightly larger (about 14%) under the latter experimental condition. We conclude that liver regeneration by itself is not responsible for the elevated production and the changing pattern of proteoglycans in long-lasting hepatic injury. PMID- 6799612 TI - An ultrastructural study of myocardial preservation during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6799613 TI - Effects of membrane potential on mechanical activation in skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of subthreshold depolarization on mechanical threshold was investigated in tetrodotoxin-poisoned mammalian and amphibian skeletal muscle fibers using a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. Mechanical threshold was determined with a 2-ms test pulse. The immediate effect of depolarization was inhibition of the mechanical system. The consequent increase in the test pulse threshold was linearly related to the size of the depolarization and there was, on the average, a 10% increase in threshold for a 10-mV depolarization in mammalian fibers. The duration of the inhibitory period was also related to the size of the depolarization. Inhibition was interrupted by the onset of activation (seen as a reduction in the test pulse threshold), and in rat soleus fibers this occurred within 100 ms with a 20-mV depolarization, inhibition decayed within 10 ms. The decay of activation after brief conditioning pulses was initially rapid (on the average, the test pulse threshold recovered to 80% of its control value within 1 ms) and then slow (full recovery took 100-500 ms). After long conditioning pulses, activation often decayed into a period of inhibition. When depolarization (of 20 mV or more) was maintained for several seconds, the fibers became inactivated. Rat extensor digitorum longus and sternomastoid fibers were strongly inactivated by depolarization to -40 mV and the test pulse to +40 mV did not cause contraction. PMID- 6799614 TI - The 33- to 39-nm virus-like particles, tentatively designed as Sapporo agent, associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis. AB - An outbreak of nonbacterial gastroenteritis occurred in an orphanage in December 1979. Of 54 residents, 43 were affected with acute gastroenteritis. Diarrhea was the commonest symptom. The 33- to 39-nm virus-like particles, tentatively designated as Sapporo agent, were detected in 17 (48.6%) of the patients' 35 fecal specimens. Morphologically, it was difficult to distinguish the Sapporo agent from other agents without geometrical pattern of the surface. Antigenically, the Sapporo agent related to the Otofuke agent detected in an outbreak of the institution for mentally retarded adults and also to the SRV ;76 detected in familial cases of infectious gastroenteritis. The Sapporo agent might belong to a new group of those gastroenteritis viruses which were larger in size than the Norwalk virus group. PMID- 6799615 TI - Adenylate cyclases in vertebrate retina: enzymatic characteristics in normal and dystrophic mouse retina. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity and the effects of various activators and inhibitors of this enzyme were measured in retinas from normal mice (C57BL/6J) and congenic animals with photoreceptor dystrophy. In normal retina, approximately 250 microM ATP was required for half-maximal stimulation of the enzyme. Activity was supported by Mg2+ and Mn2+, but Ca2+ was ineffective. The enzyme was inhibited by EGTA and stimulated by 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GPP(NH)P), dopamine, and NaF. The stimulatory effects of GPP(NH)P and dopamine were greater in the presence of EGTA. Examination of microdissected normal retinas revealed that the inner (neural) retina had adenylate cyclase activity four times that of the photoreceptor cell layers, and that EGTA inhibited activity in the inner retina, but had no effect in the outer retina. In dystrophic retinas basal enzyme activity was 60% higher than that in normal retina. The enzyme in this tissue was stimulated by EGTA, GPP(NH)P, and dopamine, and their effects were additive. These results indicate that adenylate cyclase activity in vertebrate retina is under complex regulation by substrate, divalent cations, guanine nucleotides, dopamine, and perhaps calmodulin. In addition, the data demonstrate that adenylate cyclase is not evenly distributed in the retina and that it is regulated differently in the inner and outer retina. Finally, the present results indicate that regulation of this enzyme in dystrophic retina may be qualitatively and quantitatively different from that in normal retina. PMID- 6799616 TI - Adenylate cyclases in the vertebrate retina: distribution and characteristics in rabbit and ground squirrel. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity and the effects of EGTA, 5'-guanylylimidodiphosphate (GPP(NH)P), and dopamine were measured in microdissected layers of rod-dominant (rabbit) and cone-dominant (ground squirrel) retinas, The distribution of basal enzyme activity was similar in both species, with the highest levels found in the inner plexiform and photoreceptor cell inner segment layers, EGTA inhibited adenylate cyclase in the inner retina of both species and stimulated activity in rabbit outer and inner segment layers, but had no effect in these layers from ground squirrel. Enzyme activity was stimulated in all regions by GPP(NH)P, except in the outer segments of the photoreceptors. Dopamine stimulated the enzyme in the outer and inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers in rabbit, but only in the inner plexiform layer in ground squirrel. These data demonstrate that the enzymatic characteristics of adenylate cyclase vary extensively from region to region in vertebrate retina and suggest that cyclic AMP may have multiple roles in this tissue. A model for the distribution of the different forms of adenylate cyclase in retina is proposed. PMID- 6799617 TI - The visual evoked potential during development of focal epilepsy. PMID- 6799618 TI - Prevention of adverse reactions to Amipaque in cervical myelography. Report of a homogeneous series of 380 patients. PMID- 6799619 TI - The effect of blood transfusion, dopamine, and gamma hydroxybutyrate on posttraumatic ischemia of the spinal cord. AB - Posttraumatic spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) was assessed after elevating the mean systemic arterial pressure (mSAP) with a blood transfusion, or with an infusion of dopamine. The effect of the anesthetic agent, gamma hydroxybutyrate, was also assessed. Flows were measured using the 14C-antipyrine autoradiographic method. Animals were injured at T-1 by acute compression of the spinal cord with a clip exerting a pressure of 175 gm. Uninjured animals, with mSAP's of 120.0 +/- 17.0 mm Hg, had gray and white matter flows of 74.2 +/- 22.3 and 18.7 +/- 6.7 ml/100 gm/min, respectively, while injured untreated animals had mSAP's of 82.5 +/- 14.1 mm Hg and gray and white matter flows of 13.3 +/- 12.1 and 3.9 +/- 3.9 ml/100 gm/min, respectively, at the injury site. Blood transfusion raised the mSAP's to 127.5 +/- 13.7 mm Hg in the injured animals and doubled the flows in gray and white matter to 25.6 +/- 30.2 and 6.3 +/- 6.4 ml/100 gm/ml, respectively. Dopamine did not have as beneficial an effect as blood transfusion on either the mSAP (101.0 +/- 16.7 mm Hg) or the SCBF (gray and white matter flows of 18.4 +/- 12.4 and 5.8 +/- 5.9 ml/100 gm/min). Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) had almost no effect on the mSAP or SCBF of normal animals, and in injured animals produced only a unilateral increase in flow on the less severely injured side, without affecting the mSAP. PMID- 6799620 TI - Thoracic myelopathy secondary to ossified ligamentum flavum. AB - The authors report a case of ossification of the ligamentum flavum at T-10 and T 11 associated with compressive myelopathy. Metrizamide myelography with computerized tomography allowed precise preoperative diagnosis and anatomic localization of the lesion. The patient had satisfactory and prompt improvement after surgical intervention. PMID- 6799621 TI - Respiratory complications during artificial barbiturate coma. AB - Artificial barbiturate coma was induced in 13 patients with disorders of consciousness from traumatic or spontaneous diseases. Early respiratory complications consisting with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) were found in 10 out of these 13 patients; on the contrary, only 2 out of 13 patients, treated with routine intensive care therapy without barbiturate, showed analogous respiratory complications. The literature on the subject and the possible pathophysiological mechanism of respiratory distress are discussed. PMID- 6799623 TI - Absorbed dose to man from the Se-75 labeled conjugated bile salt SeHCAT: concise communication. AB - The absorbed radiation dose that would result from the oral or intravenous administration of SeHCAT (23-[75Se]selena-25-homotaurocholate) has been calculated using the MIRD tables and formulas and data from measurements of whole body distribution and from long-term whole-body counting in rats, mice, and man. When SeHCAT is administered to normal subjects, the gallbladder is the critical organ, receiving 12 mrad (oral dose) or 22 mrad (i.v.) per microcurie. The whole body dose is 1 mrad/microCi, whatever the route of administration. In severe hepatic failure the liver might receive 200 mrad/microCi. The activity likely to be used in routine clinical practice is 10 microCi. Where a whole-body counter is used, an activity of 1 microCi has proved adequate. Even at an administered activity of 25 microCi, the absorbed dose is small compared with established techniques of investigating the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6799622 TI - Human platelets labeled with In-111 8-hydroxyquinoline: kinetics, distribution, and estimates of radiation dose. AB - Platelets from nine normal male subjects were labeled with In-111 8 hydroxyquinoline (In-111 oxine) in the presence of plasma in either "closed" blood transfer packs or in "open" test tubes. The mean labeling efficiencies in these two systems were 27 and 53%, respectively. Mean survival time of In-111 labeled autologous platelets was 8.76 days, with a standard deviation of 1.05 according to the maximum-likelihood estimate of the gamma-function model. The initial recovery of In-111 platelets in the circulation was 57% with a standard deviation of 11%. The distribution of In-111 platelets in liver and spleen was quantitated by anterior, posterior, and transmission gamma-camera imaging. During the first 30 min, 38% of the injected dose accumulated in the spleen, 13% in the liver. No significant increase in In-111 radioactivity was observed in either of the two organs over a 3-9-day period. The bone marrow was an additional site of In-111 accumulation. The spleen was the critical organ with respect to radiation dose. The splenic dose was estimated to be 34 rad/mCi In-111 platelets, that of the liver 2.1 rad/mCi. With the injection of 100-150 microCi of In-111-labeled platelets in normal subjects, giving a splenic radiation of 5 rad, a complete 10 day survival study can be performed and uptake of In-111 in different organs can be measured quantitatively for at least 3-4 days. PMID- 6799624 TI - Team building: a strategy for unit cohesiveness. PMID- 6799625 TI - A first-hand view of the unit teacher role. PMID- 6799626 TI - Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on hepatic mixed-function oxidase activities and in vivo covalent binding of aflatoxin B1 in rats. AB - Male weanling fischer-344 rats were fed a selenium (Se)-vitamin E (VE) deficient Torula yeast basal diet or that diet supplemented with a graded levels of SE (0.2 6.0 ppm as Na2SeO3) or VE (100 iu/kg as all-rac-2-tocopheryl acetate), or both, for 4 or 6 weeks. Se deficiency and excess (6.0 ppm) markedly depressed in vivo covalent binding of aflatoxin (AFB1) to macromolecules in livers of rats killed 2 hours after an i.p. dose of 1 mg/kg tritiated AFB1. VE supplementation had no effect. Prior phenobarbital (PB) treatment generally decreased adducts without changing diet-related trends. Some hepatic enzyme capabilities were also measured. Cytochrome b5 content and cytochrome c reductase activity were unaffected by diet. VE increased cytochrome P-450 content, ethylmorphine N demethylase and benz(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase activities; all these were unaffected by Se levels. Se deficiency and excess (but not VE deficiency) increased glucuronyl transferase. PB induction affected all diet groups and was more in agreement with MFO activity than transferase. Adduct formation was more consistently related to transferase activity than to MFO activities. The contrasting effects of SE and VE on AFB1 adducts in rats and chicks are discussed. PMID- 6799627 TI - The responses of rat intestinal mucosa, epithelial cell renewal and plasma lipoprotein to intravenous feeding. AB - Healthy young rats were fed on fat-free diets, 85% of the energy of which derived from glucose and 15% from amino acids. The composition of the intravenous infusates was adequate to maintain body weight during a 6-day experimental period. Mucosal wet and dry weight, and mucosal protein content were highest when the diet was given orally, intermediate when given intravenously, and lowest when fasting. The DNA content of mucosa was significantly lower following intravenous feeding or fasting than after oral feeding, and there was no significant difference between intravenous feeding and fasting. The composition of mucosal protein following intravenous feeding differed from that following oral feeding or fasting. The migration of jejunum epithelial cells was prolonged following intravenous feeding compared with that after oral feeding. The values of plasma albumin and glucose concentration showed no differences between the intravenous and oral feeding groups. In contrast, intravenous feeding greatly lowered the total plasma cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/LDL-cholesterol ratio. LDL-cholesterol levels were not changed. PMID- 6799628 TI - Clinical and metabolic abnormalities associated with occupational exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). AB - A cross-sectional study of 120 male workers was conducted to determine the prevalence of increased polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) absorption as well as the presence of potentially related clinical and metabolic abnormalities. Three exposure categories ("exposed", "nominally exposed", "nonexposed") were defined. Complete work histories, clinical histories, physical examinations and laboratory tests, including plasma PCB determinations were obtained. In addition, fat PCB levels were determined in randomly selected subjects in each exposed group. Evidence of dermatotoxicity was observed and elevated PCB levels were noted more frequently in the exposed group (p less than .0001), correlating well with age and duration of employment. These correlations were stronger for fat (p less than .001) than for plasma (p less than .01) PCB levels. In the exposed group, significant correlations were found between plasma PCB and serum triglyceride (p less than .0001) and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) levels (p less than .01). These correlations remained significant after controlling for either age or length of employment. No significant correlations were found between PCB levels and levels of cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or levels studied on liver function tests other than SGOT. Further analyses relating frequency of reported direct contact with PCB levels suggested a dermal route of exposure. An analysis by union affiliation demonstrated that those in crafts involving greater direct exposure had correspondingly higher elevations of PCB levels. PMID- 6799629 TI - Preliminary immunologic studies on retinoid inhibition of experimental carcinogenesis. PMID- 6799630 TI - A quantitative study of lamina densa alterations in hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis. AB - Lesions produced by topical application of 0.5 per cent. DMBA to the hamster cheek pouch epithelium were classified as hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma groups using strict histological criteria. Untreated epithelium served as a control. Tissue samples from five animals in each group were processed for electron microscopy and electron micrographs from the epithelial-connective tissue junction were obtained from 5 blocks per animal. The micrographs were subjected to stereological intersection counting to determine the relative surface (SSLD, BM) of lamina densa which was in normal relationship to the basal cell plasma membranes. Quantitative results indicated a progressive loss of lamina densa during carcinogenesis and this was accompanied by the extrusion of pseudopodia from the basal cells through the gaps. The pseudopodia were frequently related to peripheral cytoplasmic microfilaments. Quantitative data confirmed the progressive nature of this loss, with values for SSLD,BM being of the order of 98 per cent., 88 per cent., 76 per cent, and 42 per cent. for normal epithelium and for the hyperplastic, dysplastic and carcinomatous lesions respectively. The loss of lamina densa is discussed in relation to the specificity of the response and to the development of features indicative of motility in transforming cells. PMID- 6799631 TI - Human pituitary gonadotropic adenoma; histological, immunocytochemical, and ultrastructural and hormonal studies in eight cases. AB - Among 230 surgically removed pituitary adenomas, eight tumours showing immunostaining gonadotropic cells and elevated intratumours gonadotropin concentrations have been detected (frequency: 3.5 per cent.). By light microscopy the tumours were composed of agranular cells and generally PAS negative cytoplasm. The immunofluorescence technique revealed the presence of immunoreactive FSH (beta-subunit) alone in two cases, of both FSH and LH in six cases with immunoreactive beta endorphin in two of them. By electron microscopy, the cells contained an often dilated moderately or well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, secretory granules measuring 150 nm to 200 nm which varied in electron density, and numerous microtubules. Basal plasma FSH and LH levels were simultaneously elevated in two cases; FSH levels alone were elevated in two cases; in three cases, both FSH and LH plasma values were normal. FSH and LH intratumour concentrations were simultaneously elevated in five cases; FSH alone was elevated in two cases. In all cases, the concentrations of the other hormones were negligible, except in two cases where beta endorphin concentration was elevated. The comparison of the immunocytochemical findings, the hormonal plasma levels and intratumour concentrations showed a good relationship between the immunoreactivity of the tumour and the intratumour RIA. The gonadotropic adenoma is uncommon but not rare. Its diagnosis is possible if immunocytochemical techniques are applied. PMID- 6799633 TI - Chronic granulomatous disease presenting as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in late childhood. PMID- 6799632 TI - Urokinase therapy for a catheter-related right atrial thrombus. PMID- 6799634 TI - Cytophilic antibody in experimental Chagas' disease. AB - A method is described for estimating levels of cytophilic antibody against Trypanosoma cruzi in the sera of infected mice. 51Cr-labeled trypanosomes were incubated at 4 C in the presence of adherent, peritoneal cells which had been preincubated with immune or normal serum. It was found that immune, but not normal, serum mediated the enhanced binding of parasites in a manner dependent upon the amount of immune serum present during the preincubation period with peritoneal macrophages. Experiments were done comparing the development of anti T. cruzi cytophilic antibody during the course of infection in two strains of mice which differ in susceptibility T. cruzi. It was found that neither C57BL/6 (resistant) nor C3H (susceptible) mice accumulated high levels cytophilic antibody, and no significant differences were noted in the level of cytophilic antibody in the sera of these two strains of infected mice. Attempts to stimulate higher levels of anti-T. cruzi cytophilic antibody by immunization with several preparations of culture-forms of the parasite were only minimally effective. PMID- 6799635 TI - Ultrastructure of in vivo lysis of Sarcocystis cruzi merozoites. PMID- 6799636 TI - Persistence Time of the Ring of Bubbles (PTRB): a method for the quantification of the Foam Tests. PMID- 6799638 TI - Electron-dense deposits following gold therapy in experimental periodontitis in cats. PMID- 6799637 TI - Relationship between attachment loss and precipitating serum antibody to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in adolescents and young adults having severe periodontal destruction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if adolescents and young adults with severe periodontal disease had precipitating serum antibody reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and, if so, to correlate presence or absence of the precipitin with clinical patterns of periodontal destruction. Double diffusion in gel was used to detect precipitins. Test and known positive standard sera were run in different wells against a common well containing a minute of sonicates from two strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans (Y4 and N27). Periodontal loss of attachment was measured with a probe on four surfaces per tooth; missing and unerupted teeth were noted with the aid of radiographs. Precipitating antibody was seen in 77% of sera from 22 subjects with localized juvenile periodontitis, 40% of 35 young subjects with more generalized severe disease, and 2% of 44 periodontally healthy individuals. About 80% of the positive reactions were with strain Y4. Within the diseased groups, there were significantly fewer involved teeth in subjects with precipitating antibody (Ab+) than among those in whose sera precipitins were not seen (Ab-). Comparisons of the distribution and severity of involved teeth between Ab+ and Ab- subjects were consistent with an hypothesis that high levels of antibody specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans have a protective effect against periodontal destruction. PMID- 6799639 TI - [Studies on hot water extract of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. I. Structural analyses of polysaccharides (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799641 TI - Stability of intravenous nitroglycerin solutions. AB - The stability of intravenous nitroglycerin solutions prepared from either sublingual tablets or a 10% nitroglycerin-lactose adsorbate (powder) was examined under various conditions. Nitroglycerin concentration was measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Nitroglycerin stock solutions (0.8-1.0 mg/ml) prepared from tablets or powder in either 0.9% saline were stored upright in refrigerated multidose vials for 6 months without a significant decrease in concentration. Storage of the solutions at room temperature resulted in a 20% loss after 3 months. Intravenous nitroglycerin solutions (0.2 mg/ml) prepared from tablets or powder in 0.9% saline or 5% dextrose in water were stored in glass intravenous bottles at temperatures between 6 and 38 degrees for 24 hr with a maximum loss of 18%. Stability was not affected by light. Solutions in contact with rubber stoppers, plastic intravenous bags, or plastic administration sets exhibited decreased nitroglycerin concentration characteristic of sorption. Nitroglycerin concentrations decreased to a greater extent when the administration sets were equipped with plastic burets. Brief contact of nitroglycerin solutions with a plastic syringe did not result in decreased concentration. The stability of intravenous nitroglycerin solutions packaged in glass was not dependent on light, the vehicle, or the source of nitroglycerin. Contact with rubber or plastic surfaces should be minimized. PMID- 6799640 TI - Rapid and simple GLC determination of valproic acid and ethosuximide in plasma of epileptic patients. AB - A GLC method for the determination of valproic acid and ethosuximide in plasma was developed. The procedure involved a single solvent extraction of drugs from acidified plasma samples, followed by a GLC injection of the unconcentrated organic phase. This rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible method has been used for 2 years for the routine determination of plasma levels of valproic acid and ethosuximide in epileptic patients who receive other antiepileptic drugs simultaneously. PMID- 6799642 TI - Effect of inducers and inhibitors of glucuronidation on the biliary excretion and choleretic action of valproic acid in the rat. AB - Valproic acid (VPA) induces an immediate choleresis in the rat which may be attributable to the osmotic properties of VPA-glucuronic acid conjugates in bile. The influence of inducers and inhibitors of glucuronidation of VPA on the biliary excretion and choleretic effect of VPA was studied. Hepatic UDP glucuronyltransferase activity toward VPA was determined in vitro. Pretreatment with phenobarbital (75 mg/kg/day for 4 days) enhanced VPA glucuronidation; borneol (750 mg/kg) decreased VPA conjugation; 3-methylcholanthrene (20 mg/kg/day for 4 days) and galactosamine (600 mg/kg) had no effect on glucuronidation of VPA in vitro. Hepatic UDP-glucuronic acid content was decreased by borneol and galactosamine administration and was enhanced by phenobarbital and 3 methylcholanthrene pretreatment. The enzyme inducers increased the plasma disappearance of VPA in vivo but did not augment its biliary excretion or choleretic effect. Borneol and galactosamine, which inhibited the conjugation and plasma disappearance of VPA, decreased its biliary excretion and inhibited the VPA-induced increase in bile flow. Thus, the bile flow rate after VPA administration is closely related to the excretion of VPA-glucuronic acid. These data support the conclusion that the choleretic effect of VPA is due to the osmotic activity of VPA conjugates in bile. PMID- 6799643 TI - Inhibition of acid secretion in isolated canine parietal cells by prostaglandins. AB - Isolated canine parietal cells were used to evaluate inhibition of acid secretion by both endogenously synthesized and exogenously added prostaglandins (PGs). Uptake of [14C]aminopyrine by the parietal cells was used as an index of acid secretion. The effect of increasing endogenous PG synthesis was determined by incubating arachidonic acid with histamine-stimulated parietal cells. Arachidonic acid (10(-6) and 10(-5) M) was a potent inhibitor of histamine-stimulated acid secretion. This effect of arachidonic acid was totally abolished when the cells were pretreated with 100 microM indomethacin. The effect of exogenous, preformed PGs on histamine-stimulated acid secretion was evaluated by adding PGE2, PGI2, PGF2 alpha or PGD2 to parietal cells. PGE2 was the most potent inhibitor of acid secretion, with a 50% inhibition of maximal acid secretion (ID50) at 7.5 X 10(-8) M. PGI2 and PGF2 alpha also inhibited acid secretion, but at higher concentrations. The ID50 for PGI2 and PGF2 alpha was 10(-5) M. PGD2 was inactive at inhibiting acid secretion. We conclude that both endogenous and exogenous PGs inhibit acid secretion directly at the parietal cells and that PGE2 is most likely the PG produced locally to modulate parietal cell acid secretion. PMID- 6799644 TI - Effects of encainide and metabolites (MJ14030 and MJ9444) on canine cardiac Purkinje and ventricular fibers. PMID- 6799645 TI - Costing: in search of a question. PMID- 6799646 TI - Cerebrovasodilatation through selective inhibition of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. 3. 5-(Arylthio)-, 5-(arylsulfinyl)-, and 5-(arylsulfonyl)thiophene-2 sulfonamides. AB - A series of 5-(arylthio)-, 5-(arylsulfinyl)-, and 5-(arylsulfonyl)thiophene-2 sulfonamides is described and anticonvulsant activities are listed for the compounds. In most cases, the sulfones had the highest activity and the sulfides the least. Sulfones with 3- or 4-halo substituents generally had the highest activity, and one analogue, 5-[(4-fluorophenyl)sulfonyl]thiophene-2-sulfonamide (51, UK-17022), had an anticonvulsant ED50 fo 2 mg/kg when administered orally to mice. Compound 51 selectively increased cerebral blood flow in animals without an unacceptable level of diuresis. PMID- 6799647 TI - Chloride permeability in human red cells: influence of membrane protein rearrangement resulting from ATP depletion and calcium accumulation. AB - A 15% of band 3 protein, the assumed chloride channel, is associated with spectrin, the major peripheral protein of a lattice located at the red cell membrane-cytosol interface, the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether a rearrangement of the lattice modifies the functional property of band 3 protein. Such a rearrangement was modulated by depletion of cell ATP and/or by accumulation of Ca2+ ions within the cell. ATP depletion induces an inhibition of the electroneutral one-for-one chloride exchanges. Neither the modification of red cell morphology due to ATP depletion (discocyte-echinocyte transformation) nor a direct effect of the decrease in internal ATP level can account for this inhibition. On the other hand, it seems reasonable to consider that inhibition is related to the changes in membrane protein organization (formation of heteropolymers) induced by the decrease in ATP level. But it does not appear that the degree of inhibition is modified when this altered assembly of membrane protein is stabilized by disulfide linkages. Accumulation of Ca2+ ions in the cell at a relatively low concentration (10 micro M range) inhibits chloride exchange without apparent modification of the assembly of membrane proteins. This effect of calcium on chloride exchanges is speculatively denoted as a "direct" effect of calcium. Calcium loading of fresh red cells at higher concentrations (500 to 1000 micro M) obtained by use of the ionophore A23187 induces a very strong inhibition of chloride exchanges. In this case, inhibition can be reasonably accounted for by two simultaneous effects of calcium: a "direct" effect which explains half of the inhibition and an "indirect effect due to the formation of membrane protein complexes stabilized by covalent crosslinkages (activation by Ca2+ ions of a transglutaminase). It is interesting to note that intracellular calcium, whatever the level, inhibits electroneutral exchanges of chloride but increases net chloride movements. PMID- 6799649 TI - Effect of distension on ADH-induced osmotic water flow in toad urinary bladder. AB - We recently described a method by which the resistance to water flow of the luminal membrane of ADH-stimulated toad bladder can be quantitatively distinguished from that of barriers lying in series with it. This method requires estimated of both total bladder water permeability (assessed by transbladder osmotic water flow at constant gradient) and luminal membrane water permeability (assessed by quantitation of the frequency of ADH-induced luminal membrane particle aggregates). In the present study we examined the effect of bladder distension on transepithelial osmotic water flow before and during maximal ADH stimulation. Base-line water flow was unaffected by bladder distension, but hormonally stimulated flow increased systematically as bladders became more distended. Distension had no effect on the frequency of ADH-induced intramembranous particle aggregates. By comparing the relationships between aggregate frequency and hormonally induced water permeability in distended and undistended bladders, we found that distension appeared to enhance ADH-stimulated water flow by decreasing the resistance of the series permeability barrier while the apparent water permeability associated with each single luminal membrane aggregate was unaffected. In that bladder distension caused tissue thinning, the series resistance limiting ADH-stimulated water flow appears to be accounted for by deformable barriers within the bladder tissue itself, probably unstirred layers of water. PMID- 6799650 TI - Ca++-transport across basal-lateral plasma membranes from rat small intestinal epithelial cells. AB - Basal-lateral plasma membrane vesicles were isolated from rat duodenum and jejunum by a Percoll gradient centrifugation technique. Ca-uptake into and Ca release from the vesicles was studied by a rapid filtration method. In the absence of Na (K-medium) at a Ca concentration of 0.05 mmol/liter and pH 7.4, addition of 5 mM MgATP stimulated Ca-uptake up to 10-fold as compared to a control without ATP. Since the Ca-ionophore A23187 (2 microgram/ml) prevented the accumulation of Ca above the equilibrium uptake and rapidly released Ca accumulated by the vesicles in the presence of ATP, it is concluded that the ATP dependent uptake of Ca involves accumulation of Ca inside the vesicles. The ATP driven Ca-transport comigrates with the (Na +K)-ATPase and dissociates from the marker enzymes for mitochondrial inner membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and brush border membrane. It is not inhibited by 1 microgram/ml oliomycin or 0.1 mmol/liter ruthenium red. Replacing K by Na inhibits ATP-dependent Ca-uptake by 60%. Efflux of Ca from passively preloaded vesicles is strongly temperature sensitive and enhanced by A23187. An inwardly directed Na-gradient stimulates Ca efflux as compared to a K-gradient. Addition of gramicidin reduces the Na stimulation of Ca-efflux, indicating direct coupling of Na and Ca fluxes across basal-lateral membranes. The results suggest that basal lateral membranes possess two distinct mechanisms for Ca-transport: a) ATP-driven Ca-transport and b) Na/Ca exchange. PMID- 6799648 TI - Membrane transport during erythroid differentiation. AB - Transport, unidirectional flux, of a monosaccharide, a nucleoside and three amino acids, all of which enter cells by independent, discrete carriers, was compared at three stages of erythroid maturation, the normal (anucleate) mouse erythrocyte, and in differentiated and undifferentiated Friend erythroleukemia cells. We found specific transport alterations during this developmental program. Transport of 3-O-methylglucose increased with each successive developmental stage. Aminoisobutyrate transport was maintained during Friend cell differentiation, but fell slightly in erythrocytes. Leucine, lysine and uridine transport began to fall two days after dimethylsulfoxide exposure, and diminished further in red cells. These studies of transport are not directly comparable to uptake studies reported by others. Median cell volume and thus surface area decreased more during differentiation than amino acid transport declined, so flux, transport past a unit area of membrane, actually increased. Monosaccharide flux also increased. Only uridine transport fell in parallel to surface area. Perhaps sites for nutrient transport required for energy production are preferentially maintained. PMID- 6799651 TI - The fixation, dehydration, drying and coating of cultured cells of SEM. AB - Cultivated cells form a valuable model system for studies on the effects of various preparative protocols for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The various effects of each preparative step can be followed in detail in the light microscope and no diffusion gradients complicate the fixation and other procedures as in the case of solid tissues. Studies on cultivated cells indicate that the glutaraldehyde component of a glutaraldehyde-based fixative does not contribute to the effective osmotic pressure of the fixative and thus the osmolarity of the buffer, and other components, must be equalized to that of the medium in which the cells grow. Even small deviations from this ideal effective osmotic pressure will result in osmotically induced artefacts. Disturbances of pH and temperature of the cultures prior to and during fixation will result in changes in the appearance of many cellular structures such as microspikes and ruffles. We find that osmium fixation is advisable in most instances for best possible membrance preservation and that even long periods of glutaraldehyde fixation do not compensate for osmium fixation. Dehydration always results in shrinkage. Freeze drying (FD) and critical point drying (CPD) also give rise to shrinkage, the former to a lesser degree than the latter. A gold-palladium alloy gives a less granular coating that does gold alone. When cultured cells are studied, a metal thickness of between 5 and 15 nm is usually sufficient to give rise to an adequate secondary electron production and to avoid charging even at accelerating voltages of 30-40 kV. Without treatment with OsO4 a thicker metal coating is required. PMID- 6799652 TI - Intracellular transport of lymphoid surface glycoproteins. Role of the Golgi complex. PMID- 6799653 TI - Genetic analysis of the ompB locus in Escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 6799654 TI - Comparative thermodynamic study of pepsinogen and pepsin structure. PMID- 6799656 TI - Changes in cell surface glycoproteins and carbohydrate structures during the development and differentiation of human erythroid cells. PMID- 6799657 TI - Biosocial perspectives on the development of the proceptive, acceptive and conceptive phases of eroticism. AB - The absence of an interdisciplinary science of sexology has resulted in sexuality being narrowly defined by the particular ideology of the various scientific disciplines. This review presents a theoretical model to integrate the interdisciplinary data related to the development of the three phases of eroticism. A biosocial integration of the multiple aspects of eroticism will hopefully generate research and psychotherapeutic innovations not plagued by mind body dichotomization. The emphasis of this paper is on the solicitation, attraction and pair-bonding phase of eroticism, since this has been more neglected by sexologists than the copulatory and conceptive phases. PMID- 6799655 TI - Anomalous cell surface structure of sickle cell anemia erythrocytes as demonstrated by cell surface labeling and endo-beta-galactosidase treatment. AB - Erythrocyte surface glycoproteins from patients with various types of sickle cell anemia have been analyzed and compared with those from normal individuals. By hemagglutination with various anti-carbohydrate antibodies, sickle cells showed profound increase of i antigens and moderate increase of GlcNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 3 Glc structure, whereas antigenicity toward globosidic structure was unchanged. In parallel to these findings, erythrocytes of sickle cell patients have additional sialylated lactosaminoglycan in Band 3. Thus, it can be concluded that erythrocytes of sickle cell patients are characterized by an altered cell surface structure which does not appear to be due to topographical changes of cell surface membrane. It is possible that the anemia or the "stress" hematopoiesis in these patients is responsible for these changes. PMID- 6799658 TI - Effects of thio-tepa and hydroxyurea on sperm production in Lakeview hamsters. AB - The spermatogenic cell sensitivity in the induction of sperm abnormalities by two antineoplastic agents, thio-TEPA and hydroxyurea in inbred Lakeview hamsters was studied and the results were compared with those of similar investigations with mice. Testis weights, epididymal sperm numbers, and body weights were also monitored up to 12 wk after treatment. Thio-TEPA administration increased sperm abnormalities and reduced testis weights as well as sperm numbers in a dose dependent manner at wk 4 and 12 after treatment. Hydroxyurea administration was ineffective in inducing sperm abnormalities, but testis weights and sperm numbers were adversely affected dose-dependent changes in body weights after treatment with either agent were also recorded. The findings with thio-TEPA on sperm morphology agree with those reported for the mouse. However, unlike the results of the mouse studies, hydroxy-urea effects on sperm shape were not observed in the hamster. PMID- 6799659 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood: case report and review of English and Japanese literature. AB - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is an uncommon disease that is usually seen in middle-aged women and is much rarer in children. We report a case of diffuse xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a 3-year-old boy who had a nonfunctioning hydronephrotic right kidney on an excretory urogram. A review of the English and Japanese literature on xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood revealed 2 remarkable differences regarding the incidence of sex and radiological findings. The majority of patients were girls in the English literature, whereas the opposite sex was seen in the majority of cases in Japan. The involved kidney was functioning on an excretory urogram in the majority of cases reported in the English literature, however, in all cases from Japan the involved kidney was non functioning. These findings further support the newer concept that xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in childhood exists in focal as well as diffuse forms. PMID- 6799660 TI - Sustained drug-release patches. PMID- 6799661 TI - Giggle incontinence. PMID- 6799662 TI - Medical practice, case mix, and cost containment. A new role for the attending physician. AB - Present political pressures for hospital cost containment appear to make some form of case-specific reimbursement system inevitable. For such a system to be able to control hospital costs effectively, however, its design must reflect the fundamental and traditional principles of management control systems. Although the diagnostic-related group (DRG) approach is the most frequently discussed form of case-mix-sensitive reimbursement, DRGs do not satisfy basic management control principles. Under a more appropriate hospital control system, however, physicians would be incorporated directly into the hospital's management structure. Consequently, to ensure that this new control system is medically as well as financially appropriate, physicians should seize the initiative in determining the standards against which their performance will be measured. PMID- 6799663 TI - Ulcer of the hard palate. PMID- 6799664 TI - Bilateral tuberculous osteomyelitis of medial humeral condyles. Infection secondary to cutaneous inoculation. PMID- 6799665 TI - Haemophilus influenzae meningitis in school-aged children. AB - The relative frequency of meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenzae in school age children was determined by reviewing etiologic diagnoses in children 6 to 15 years old admitted to four hospitals from 1974 to 1978. Sixty-five (45%) of 145 patients had aseptic meningitis and 29 (20%) had bacterial meningitis. Thirty-two (22%) of the patients had received antibiotic therapy before diagnosis, and 19 (13%) could not be classified. Six (21%) of the 29 patients with bacterial meningitis had H influenzae meningitis. Although aseptic disease was the most common type of meningitis, initial antibiotic therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis in school-aged children should include adequate coverage for H influenzae. PMID- 6799666 TI - Congenital rubella syndrome: a continuing problem. PMID- 6799668 TI - [Superimposition of a high-frequency jet oscillation on the conventional mechanical ventilation -effects on the pulmonary gas exchange and the circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799669 TI - [Fundamental studies of josamycin against Mycoplasma pneumoniae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799667 TI - [Effects of halothane anesthesia and abdominal surgery on plasma gonadotropin levels (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799670 TI - [A case of polycythemia vera associated with IgG-lambda monoclonal gammopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799672 TI - [Laser nephelometry of factor VIII-related antigen with observation in patients with von Willebrand'd disease and hemophilia A (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799671 TI - [New normal value and diurnal rhythm of total 17-OS, 17-OHCS, 17-KGS in urine of infants (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799673 TI - [Clinicopathological studies on acute non-A, non-B hepatitis with short incubation periods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799674 TI - [Acute viral hepatitis in coronary care unit (CCU): with special reference to small outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799675 TI - [An autopsy case of von Recklinghausen's disease with adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder and astrocytoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799676 TI - [Measuring system for respiratory response (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799677 TI - [Improvement of response on transcutaneous gas tension measurement by mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799678 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 20. Pregnancy of monkeys (VII)]. PMID- 6799679 TI - [An autopsy case of plasma cell dyscrasia associated with nephropathy similar to membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799680 TI - Comparison of serum blocking factors on leucocyte adherence inhibition and PHA lymphocyte blastogenesis in breast cancer patients. AB - Specific and nonspecific serum blocking factors (SBF) in sera from 48 breast cancer patients were examined to evaluate the correlation of SBF to the tumor burden. Specific SBF in leucocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay was demonstrated in 15 of 21 patients with a recurrence, in five of 11 with local or regional involvement and in 3 of 16 with no evidence of the disease (NED). The difference between patients with recurrence and with NED was significant (P less than 0.005). SBF in LAI and lymphocyte blastogenesis correlated in 29 of 48 (60%) patients (both positive 9 of 48, both negative 20 of 48). However, SBF in LAI was demonstrated in 14 of 48 (29%) patients whose sera showed no SBF in lymphocyte blastogenesis. These results indicate that SBF in LAI and lymphocyte blastogenesis are either induced or derived from breast cancer tissue. SBF in LAI correlates closely with the tumor burden, more so than do SBF in lymphocyte blastogenesis. The blocking assays have a potential use for prognostication and a guide for clinical therapy. PMID- 6799681 TI - [A case of hiatus hernia with gastric symptoms after a long observable non symptomatic clinical course (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799682 TI - [A case report of transitional cell carcinoma in a pyelocalyceal diverticulum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799683 TI - Antigenic comparison among several developmental stages of fasciola sp. PMID- 6799684 TI - Two cases of localized mastocytosis in tracheobronchial lymph nodes of the beagle. PMID- 6799686 TI - [In vitro effects of several kinds of gas exposure on the antimicrobial activities of antituberculous agents. Chapter III. The development of drug resistance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799685 TI - Effects of administration of Bacillus subtilis strain BN on intestinal flora of weanling piglets. PMID- 6799687 TI - [A study on the family contact examination of tuberculosis patients (fifth report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799688 TI - [The susceptibility of in vitro-selected drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis to lysis by mycobacteriophage PH (MTPH 9), and the study of a lysogenic mutant isolated from the SM-resistant strain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799689 TI - [Bactericidal activities of various disinfectants against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799692 TI - Cyanide poisoning. PMID- 6799690 TI - [In vitro effects of several kinds of gas exposure on the antimicrobial activities of antituberculous agents. Chapter I. Bacteriostatic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799691 TI - [Experience in using nitroglycerin in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. AB - To treat the left ventricular insufficiency, complicating myocardial infarction, and to limit the area of the ischemic damage of myocardium the authors used nitroglycerin solution. It is established that the nitroglycerin injection stops effectively the acute left ventricular insufficiency in myocardial infarction. Results of investigations show the decrease of the ischemic zone of the damaged myocardium in the acute period of infarction under the influence of nitroglycerin. It is concluded that intravenous drop administration of nitroglycerin is rational, under thorough control of the arterial pressure, the central venous pressure and intracardiac haemodynamics. PMID- 6799693 TI - The use of hypercapnia in the study of regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities with 133Xe. PMID- 6799694 TI - Preservation for transplantation: a review of techniques of islet cell culture and storage. PMID- 6799696 TI - Immunochemical determination of corticosteroid-binding globulin in the guinea-pig during gestation. PMID- 6799695 TI - Effect of carbon dioxide on flow patterns in normal extracranial arteries. PMID- 6799697 TI - Determination of the dissociation constant of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a computerized kinetic method based on esterase activity assay. AB - We evaluate a reliable procedure for in vitro determination of the dissociation constant, Ki, of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. This pharmacologically important parameter is estimated, using a mathematical model derived from the Ackermann Potter equation, by a computer-assisted nonlinear regression analysis of kinetic data from the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate. The proposed method has the additional advantage, over the ones that require the use of only paper and pencil, of giving standard errors for the estimated parameters. Based on our findings, a comparison of the reported values for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase by twelve sulfamoyl drugs is presented, and the difficulties associated with the determination of dissociation constants for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are discussed. PMID- 6799698 TI - Family size and evolution of Rh polymorphism. PMID- 6799699 TI - Hairy cell leukemia: clinical effects of the methanol extraction residue (MER) of BCG, lithium carbonate and mononuclear cell-enriched leukocyte transfusions. PMID- 6799700 TI - A short review of current laboratory microcomputer systems and practice. AB - In the last few years quite powerful complete computer systems have become available that fill many laboratory needs at low cost (US $3000-10,000). This development is based on the use of microcomputers, which now have capabilities that were previously associated with minicomputers. Due to the rapidly expanding use of microcomputers, a very large software base has been developed. As a result it is now feasible to use a microcomputer in the laboratory for signal averaging, controlling experiments, data analysis and reduction, printing and storage of results, plotting of graphs, curve fitting, statistics and word-processing. These applications of a microcomputer can make some other laboratory equipment unnecessary, thus providing substantial savings on items such as analog tape recorders, strip chart recorders, and stimulus generators. PMID- 6799701 TI - LH-releasing hormone stimulation test in pituitary diseases. PMID- 6799702 TI - The primary level of gonadotropins and the LH-RH test in hypothalamic syndromes in women. PMID- 6799703 TI - Degradation of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone LH-RH by the hypothalamic and pituitary tissue in the presence of its analogs and TRH. PMID- 6799704 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone and its analogues I. New syntheses and biological properties of TRH (Pro-NH-NH2)3-TRH and (2-Picolyl)-TRH. PMID- 6799705 TI - The effect of TRH and its analogues, (Pro-NH-NH2)3TRH and (2-Picolyl)1-TRH on TSH level in rat serum. PMID- 6799708 TI - Effects of thyroliberin (TRH), bromocriptine and cyproheptadine on somatotropin secretion in acromegaly. PMID- 6799706 TI - The 1977 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. PMID- 6799707 TI - Foundations of the clinical use of LHRH: early studies with the porcine hypothalamic hormone. PMID- 6799710 TI - Aging and sister chromatid exchange. VIII. Effect of the aging environment on sister chromatid exchange induction and cell cycle kinetics in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. A brief note. AB - To examine the effect of an aging environment on sister chromatid exchange (SCE) induction, Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells were introduced into young and old C57BL/6J mice. Background SCE levels were not significantly different in either EAT cell or normal bone marrow cell populations between young and old animals. Despite a decline in SCE induction in EAT cells was not significantly affected by the age of the animal. These findings suggest that the aging environment may not play a major role in the diminished SCE induction observed in old cell populations. PMID- 6799709 TI - Androgen metabolism in the brain and in the anterior pituitary: relevance for the control of sex differentiation, sex behavior and gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6799711 TI - Modified ion-source cage for a clinical mass spectrometer. PMID- 6799712 TI - [Minimal jejunostomy for feeding in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6799713 TI - [Diabetic ketoalkalosis. Report of three cases Hospital Clinico de Barcelona (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799714 TI - [Tracheobronchomegaly and multiple digestive diverticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799715 TI - [Incidence of infections and antibiotic use in the Hospital Clinico y Provincial de Barcelona (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799716 TI - [Serum gonadotrophins: correlation with density, motility, viability and morphology of spermatozoa in males (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799717 TI - Foregut motor disorders and their surgical management. PMID- 6799718 TI - Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction syndromes. PMID- 6799719 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6799720 TI - [The situation of hemophiliacs in Sweden]. PMID- 6799721 TI - Evidence for a coupling between dopaminergic receptors and phospholipid methylation in mouse B lymphocytes. PMID- 6799722 TI - A new model for embryotoxicity testing: teratogenicity and pharmacokinetics of valproic acid following constant-rate administration in the mouse using human therapeutic drug and metabolite concentrations. PMID- 6799723 TI - Rapid fractionation of human high density apolipoproteins by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A simple and rapid fractionation procedure (30 min) has been developed for the isolation of the major apoproteins from human serum high density lipoproteins by molecular sieving in a high performance liquid chromatographic column. Apo A-I, apoA-II and the C peptides are quantitatively resolved up to a protein load of 3 mg. The technique has also been successfully applied to the final purification of A apoproteins which had been isolated by conventional chromatographic procedures and as a sensitive analytical tool for assessing apoprotein purity. PMID- 6799724 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis markers in the west of Scotland. PMID- 6799727 TI - Hepatitis of the non-A, non-B type following blood transfusion in the north London region. PMID- 6799726 TI - Short incubation non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted by factor VIII concentrates in patients with congenital coagulation disorders: a preliminary report of an antigen/antibody system. PMID- 6799725 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis markers in the east of Scotland. PMID- 6799728 TI - [Late results of the radiation therapy of peripheral squamous cell lung cancer]. PMID- 6799729 TI - Measurement of CO2 equilibria: the chemical-chromatographic method. PMID- 6799730 TI - Measurement of CO2 binding: the 13C NMR method. PMID- 6799731 TI - Separation and use of enterocytes. PMID- 6799733 TI - Estrone and 4-nitrophenol UDPglucuronyltransferases (rabbit liver). PMID- 6799735 TI - Collection of metabolites in bile and urine from the rat. PMID- 6799734 TI - Dismutation of bilirubin monoglucuronide. PMID- 6799736 TI - Exhalation of isotopic CO2. PMID- 6799732 TI - 4-Nitrophenol UDPglucuronyltransferase (rat liver). PMID- 6799737 TI - Assays for UDPglucuronyltransferase activities. PMID- 6799738 TI - Isolated perfused rat liver technique. PMID- 6799739 TI - Intergenic suppression of the black mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Five X-linked, recessive alleles were isolated which suppressed both the pupal and adult coloration phenotypes of the black mutation. Electron micrographs of shed puparia revealed that the aberrant sclerotization of the black cuticle is also suppressed. Amino acid analysis indicated that suppression is associated with an increased concentration of beta-alanine, an amino acid known to be deficient in black. The suppressor locus mapped at the tip of the X, to the right of scute, and intragenic complementation was observed among the alleles. PMID- 6799741 TI - A mutation in the RNA polymerase beta' subunit causing depressed ribosomal RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli. AB - Macromolecular synthesis in an Escherichia coli mutant with a temperature sensitive beta' subunit of RNA polymerase was analysed. At the non-permissive temperature ribosomal RNA synthesis is strongly reduced while messenger RNA synthesis is affected to only a slightly extent. The overall protein synthesis is only slightly affected. We conclude that the beta' subunit is involved in promoter recognition and plays a role in transcriptional selectivity. PMID- 6799740 TI - Characterisation of a new tumorous-head mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A new homoeotic mutant, I127, showing abnormal growths in the head region including homoeotic transformation of eye to genitalia and antenna to leg, was isolated in a screen designed to find new alleles of the tumourous head (tuh-3), mutation. Similarities in the phenotype and genetics of the mutant, and complementation studies with tuh-I; tuh-3, suggest that I127 is indeed an allele of tuh-3. In combination with the first chromosome modifier tuh-1, the mutant is temperature-sensitive during the third larval instar, giving an increased penetrance of the tumorous head phenotype when reared at 25 degrees C as opposed to 18 degrees C. The isolation of further alleles at the tumorous-head locus are essential. The type of morphological defects which can result from mutations at this locus would enable us to establish if this is a complex locus, and if null mutations are lethal during development. The interactions of the tumorous-head gene with first chromosome modifiers and other homoeotic mutations will only be understood if we are able to induce a number of mutations at this locus, and as a consequence begin to elucidate the role of the wild-type gene product in normal development. PMID- 6799742 TI - The meiotic behavior of some single-cistron mutants in the zeste-white region of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome. AB - There are two dosage sensitive sites in the zeste-white region of the Drosophila melanogaster X chromosome that affect meiotic chromosome behavior. Single-cistron mutants at essential and female fertility loci in the two segments have been tested for meiotic effects similar to those of deficiencies. None of the mutants have detectable meiotic effects. A de novo search for meiotic mutants in the region has not uncovered any, but the results suggest that a deficiency for the zeste-white region would be useful for detecting meiotic mutants elsewhere in the genome. Tests for interactions between the deficiency and known meiotic mutants support this. Though tentative, these results suggest that non-essential regions need not be devoid of function. PMID- 6799743 TI - Circadian clock phenotypes of chromosome aberrations with a breakpoint at the per locus. AB - The circadian rhythm phenotypes of eight chromosome aberrations with a breakpoint in the region of the per locus (3B1-2) were analyzed. Two duplications and five deficiencies with a 3B1-2 breakpoint produce either a wild-type or an arrhythmic clock phenotype while one translocation with a 3B1-2 breakpoint. T(1;4)JC43, produces locomotor-activity rhythms with either very-long period (31--39 h), rhythms that grade into arrhythmicity, or completely arrhythmic phenotypes. This is a unique phenotype that had not previously been observed for mutants at the per locus. An extensive complementation analysis of 3B1-2 chromosome aberrations and per mutant alleles provided no compelling evidence for genetic complexity at the per locus. This is in contrast to the report of Young and Judd (1978). Analysis of both the locomotor-activity and eclosion phenotypes of 3B1-2 chromosome aberrations did not uncover differences in the genetic control of these two rhythms. The clock phenotypes of 3B1-2 chromosome aberrations, the three per mutant alleles, and per+ duplications suggest that mutations at the per locus shorten, lengthen, or eliminate periodicity by respectively increasing, decreasing, or eliminating per activity. PMID- 6799744 TI - Postreplication repair-defective mutants of Drosophila melanogaster fall into two classes. AB - Primary cell cultures derived from embryos of a control stock of Drosophila melanogaster respond to ultraviolet light within the first hour after exposure with a decline in thymidine incorporation and a decline in the ability to form newly synthesized (nascent) DNA in long segments. Cells derived from two nonallelic excision-defective mutants (mei-9 and mus201) exhibit the same quantitative decline in both phenomena as do control cells. In contrast, cells from five nonallelic postreplication repair-defective mutants (mei-41, mus101, mus205, mus302 and mus310) respond to ultraviolet light by synthesizing nascent DNA in abnormally short segments. Two of these five mutants (mus302 and mus310) also exhibit unusually low thymidine incorporation levels after irradiation, whereas the other three mutants display the normal depression of incorporation. These results indicate that excision repair does not influence the amount or the length of nascent DNA synthesized in Drosophila cells within the first hour after exposure to ultraviolet light. Of the five mutations that diminish postreplication repair, only two reduce the ability of irradiated cells to synthesize normal amounts of DNA. PMID- 6799745 TI - Abnormal recovery of DNA replication in ultraviolet-irradiated cell cultures of Drosophila melanogaster which are defective in DNA repair. AB - Cell cultures prepared from embryos of a control stock of Drosophila melanogaster respond to ultraviolet light with a decline and subsequent recovery both of thymidine incorporation and in the ability to synthesize nascent DNA in long segments. Recovery of one or both capacities is absent or diminished in irradiated cells from ten nonallelic mutants that are defective in DNA repair and from four of five nonallelic mutagen-sensitive mutants that exhibit normal repair capabilities. Recovery of thymidine incorporation is not observed in nine of ten DNA repair-defective mutants. On the other hand, partial or complete recovery of incorporation is observed in all but one repair-proficient mutagen-sensitive mutant. Irradiated cells from two mutants that display no excision capacity exhibit a gradual arrest of thymidine incorporation within 20 h after the initial decline. This arrest of incorporation is not observed in mutants exhibiting only partial defects in excision repair. Recovery of the ability to synthesize nascent DNA in long segments is normal in cells from the two mutants that display no excision capacity, indicating that recovery does not depend upon the excision of pyrimidine dimers from cellular DNA. Recovery of that ability is not observed, however, in cells from one partially excision-defective mutant, two of three postreplication repair-defective mutants, two of four mutants defective in both excision and postreplication repair, and one of five repair-proficient mutagen sensitive mutants. These results indicate that recovery of normal DNA replication in irradiated Drosophila cells depends upon the activity of several functions. PMID- 6799746 TI - Mapping of a gene controlling the production of phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6799747 TI - Genetic complementation and enzyme correlates at the locus encoding the last two steps of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Eight mutations of the rudimentary-like (r-l) locus were isolated following mutagenesis with ethylmethanesulfonate and inter se crosses revealed three basic complementation groups, using the wing phenotype as an index of complementation. One group consists of three entirely noncomplementing mutants that each specify severe reductions in levels of both r-l-encoded enzymes, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODCase). The other two groups consist of complementing mutants, such that any member of one group fully complements all members of the other group. One of these groups consist of two mutants that each specify severely reduced OPRTase, but normal ODCase. The other group consists of three mutants that specify severe OPRTase and ODCase reductions in homoallelic flies, but that appear to contribute OPRTase in certain heteroallelic genotypes. It is concluded that the reciprocal and complementing enzymatic phenotypes of mutants in these two groups account for most instances of genetic trans complementation among r-l mutants. These findings are discussed relative to extant information on OPRTase and ODCase in animals and an hypothesis is developed that the r-l locus encodes a single polypeptide product that contains both enzyme activities. PMID- 6799748 TI - Rates of growth, ribosome synthesis and elongation factor synthesis in a tufA defective strain of E. coli. AB - A tufA defective strain of E. coli was isolated which by a single deletion event acquired a tufA-lacZ fusion gene and lost the normal functional tufA gene (see accompanying paper). A correlation between the growth rate of protein synthesis was decreased to about 50% in the tufA defective strain whereas the number of EF Tu molecules per ribosome was about 80% compared to a normal strain. The results indicate that tufB gene expression was preferentially stimulated in the tufA defective strain but the increased EF-TuB synthesis was not sufficient to make up for the loss of normal EF-TuA synthesis. Introduction of a plasmid that carries a complete tufA gene and the preceeding fusA gene but not the str-promotor into the tufA defective strain did not alleviate the slow growth or low rate of EF-Tu synthesis showing that the high rate of EF-TuA synthesis compared to the other proteins in the str operon is not augmented by a strong second promotor for the tufA gene. The tufA-lacZ fusion which takes the place of the normal tufA gene was expressed at a high rate and the beta-galactosidase activity increased with the growth rate as expected. PMID- 6799750 TI - Antimicrobial action of silver nitrate. AB - Silver nitrate 3 mug/ml prevented the separation into two daughter cells of sensitive dividing cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growing in nutrient broth plus the chemical. Cell size of sensitive cells was increased and the cytoplasmic contents, cytoplasmic membrane and external cell envelope structures were all abnormal. P. aeruginosa cells grown in the presence of silver nitrate 9 mug/ml showed all these changes to a marked degree except inhibition of cell division was not observed. Silver nitrate (1.5 mug/ml) in distilled water inactivated bacteriophage T2 particles as determined by their infectivity to Escherichia coli B cultures. Lysozyme (50 mug/ml) reduced, and sodium chloride (0.9%) blocked this activity. PMID- 6799749 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of mutants of the cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum resistant to growth inhibition by methylamine. AB - The wild-type heterocystous and nitrogen-fixing (Het+Nif+) N. muscorum and its non-heterocystous non-nitrogen-fixing (Het-Nif-) mutant strain both fail to grow in different inorganic nitrogen media containing 1 mM methylamine hydrochloride (MA). Mutants of the Het+Nif+ and Het-Nif- parents resistant to growth inhibition by 5 mM MA and thus designated as MAR strains were isolated with a frequency of 2.5(+/- 2.4) x 10(6). A MAR strain of the Het+Nif+ and a MAR strain of the Het Nif- parent were characterized for growth, heterocyst formation and acetylene reducing activity in the presence and absence of methylamine in N2 medium. The Het+Nif+ MAR strain grows better in MA containing than in MA-free N2 medium, and all cultures grown with MA are found to lack both acetylene reducing activity and heterocyst. The Het-Nif-MAR strain shows good growth in MA-containing N2 medium but no growth in MA-free N2 medium. Furthermore, both the Het+Nif+MAR and Het-Nif MAR strains show better growth in the presence than in the absence of MA in NO3- and HN4+ media. These results appear to suggest that the MAR phenotype in N. muscorum is due to the metabolic utilization of the ammonium analog as a nitrogen source. PMID- 6799751 TI - Inhibition of aflatoxin production in groundnut with benzoic acid derivatives and possible toxic effect of their aromatic residues. AB - Benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, ethyl-rho-aminobenzoate and omicron-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid) have been found to inhibit mycelial growth and aflatoxin production by A. flavus in groundnut. Benzoic acid (10 mg/g) completely inhibited both mycelial growth and aflatoxin production while sodium benzoate achieved the same result at 24 mg/g of medium. Salicylic acid (20 mg/g) completely inhibited both mycelial growth and aflatoxin in production but ethyl-rho-aminobenzoate inhibited both mycelial growth and aflatoxin production at lower concentrations- 3 mg/g of medium for total aflatoxin inhibition and 10 mg/g for complete inhibition of mycelial growth. The results of the possible toxic effects of these aromatic compounds showed that at their effective concentrations they were non toxic to 1-day-old chicks. Their effects on body and liver weights yielded results similar to the controls. The chicks that were fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets experienced depressed body and liver weights and their livers manifested various pathological changes. Groundnut samples which were supplemented with various concentrations of these aromatic compounds did not give any foul odour. These benzoic acid derivatives could be used, therefore, as fungicides especially against toxigenic A. flavus. PMID- 6799752 TI - Test for susceptibility to mitomycin C as aids for differentiating the genus Rhodococcus from the genus Nocardia, and for differentiating Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei from other rapidly growing mycobacteria. PMID- 6799753 TI - A new test of differentiation of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis based on the existence of spore appendages. PMID- 6799754 TI - [Characteristics of the key enzyme regulation of peripheral p-xylene metabolism in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The regulation of p-xylene methylhydroxylase, metapyrocatechase, pyrocatechase and protocatechoate-3,4-dioxygenase was studied in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2x. Methylhydroxylase, the first enzyme of p-xylene oxidation, was shown to be synthesized in the strain in a constitutive manner and to be regulated at the level of the enzyme activity. Metapyrocatechase, protocatechase and pyrocatechase are inducible enzymes; these are repressed to a different extent by the end products of p-xylene oxidation. Metapyrocatechase has a broader substrate specificity as compared to pyrocatechase and is induced by a greater number of substrates, the affinity for different substrates depending on the structure of an inductor. Presumably, two isofunctional metapyrocatechases exist in P. aeruginosa 2 x. PMID- 6799755 TI - [Metabolic mechanism of adenine nucleotide synthesis from exogenous adenine in corynebacteria]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the activity of the key enzymes of intermediate metabolism in cultures belonging to several genera of coryneform bacteria, either capable or incapable of producing adenylic nucleotides from exogenous adenine. The results are indicative of an increase in the activity of polyphosphate-dependent hexokinase by the stationary growth phase in corynebacteria; in contrast, the activity of the enzyme in coryneform bacteria (rhodococci) remained unchanged. The absence of transketolase activity in the producing strains seems to account for the overproduction of ribose-5-phosphate. PMID- 6799756 TI - [Constructive and energy metabolism changes in the formation and germination of resting retractile forms of Bacillus cereus]. AB - It has been found that, as soon as Bacillus cereus vegetative cells yield resting refractile forms under the action of specific autoregulating factors, the incorporation of labeled precursors of the main cellular biopolymers and lipids stops almost entirely and the level of cell endogenous respiration abruptly decreases. When the refractile forms revert to the vegetative state and growth, the processes of biosynthesis and respiration are restored. The level of metabolism typical of vegetative cells of the control cultures is reached within 90 min. PMID- 6799757 TI - [Numerical analysis of the protein electrophoregrams of obligate methanotrophic bacteria]. AB - The protein spectra for 70 strains of obligate methanotrophic bacteria were studied using electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel with sodium dodecyl sulphate. The protein spectra of Methylomonas methanica 12 and Methylosinus trichosporium 44 did not change in the course of the culture growth. Basing on the data obtained, the similarity coefficients were calculated for these strains. The numerical analysis of the similarity coefficients was done, and a dendrogram presenting the phylogenetic relationships between these bacterial strains, species, genera and groups was constructed. The coefficients of similarity between the strains of one species varied within the range of 78 to 100%. The similarity coefficients of the species and genera varied from 36 to 38%, respectively. The data suggest the existence of 5 independent genera of obligate methanotrophic bacteria: Methylomonas, Methylobacter, Methylococcus, Methylosinus and Methylocystis. PMID- 6799758 TI - [Decarboxylase activity of Serratia marcescens utilizing glucose and glycerin]. AB - The activity of decarboxylase in the cells of slightly coloured and pigmented Serratia marcescens strains was studied as a function of carbon sources in the growth medium and substrates for determining the enzyme activity. The cells of both strains grown in a medium with glucose produced 1.2--3.8 times more CO2 on glucose and sodium pyruvate solutions used as substrates, as compared to the cells that had utilized glycerol. Irrespective of a carbon source contained in the growth medium, the cells evolved the highest amount of CO2 on sodium pyruvate. PMID- 6799759 TI - [Defined electrolyte nutrition in hypertension and edematous states]. PMID- 6799762 TI - [Non-A non-B acute viral hepatitis. 2 pediatric cases]. PMID- 6799760 TI - Succinate dehydrogenase--a comparative review. PMID- 6799764 TI - Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis--American Samoa. PMID- 6799763 TI - [Original functional method of treatment in Pierre Robin syndrome]. PMID- 6799761 TI - Methane-oxidizing microorganisms. PMID- 6799766 TI - Measles--United States. PMID- 6799767 TI - Tularemia associated with domestic cats--Georgia, New Mexico. PMID- 6799765 TI - Poliomyelitis prevention. PMID- 6799771 TI - A technique for rapid epidemiologic assessment--Nevada. PMID- 6799768 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6799772 TI - Tuberculosis--United states 1981. PMID- 6799770 TI - National surveillance for Reye syndrome, 1981: update, Reye syndrome and salicylate usage. PMID- 6799769 TI - Abortion surveillance, 1979--provisional statistics. PMID- 6799773 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6799775 TI - Specificity of rabbit pulmonary cytochrome P-450 isozymes in the activation of several aromatic amines and aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6799776 TI - The kinetics of the aerobic reduction of nitrofurantoin by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 Ic) reductase. PMID- 6799774 TI - Stimulation of human placental lactogen release by arachidonic acid. PMID- 6799777 TI - Bactericidal activity of tuftsin. AB - The biological activities of the phagocytosis stimulating tetrapeptide, Thr-Lys Pro-Arg are discussed. A brief account on the stimulation by tuftsin of phagocytosis of various particles, including bacteria was reported. Stimulation of bactericidal activity by this tetrapeptide was investigated in vitro as well as in vivo. The potency of tuftsin to enhance blood clearing of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens by mouse peritoneal macrophages was demonstrated. Bactericidal activity and effects of tuftsin on this phenomenon were studied in liver and spleen of mice. Tuftsin stimulates these activities. Same experiments were performed in infected leukemic mice by Serratia marcescens or Escherichia coli. Results on blood clearing and bactericidal activities in liver and spleen were reported and compared to those of healthy and leukemic untreated animals. Tuftsin was found to present interesting stimulatory effects on the bactericidal activity of phagocytes. PMID- 6799779 TI - [Development of enzyme immunoassays using a ribonucleoprotein group described by Wilhelm as antigens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799778 TI - Tuftsin analogs and their biological activity. PMID- 6799781 TI - [Fatal complications of fibrinolysis]. PMID- 6799782 TI - [Practical sports Medicine. 17. Arthrosis and sports. II. Prevention]. PMID- 6799780 TI - [Effect on mortality of metoprolol in acute myocardial infarction. A randomized double-blind trial (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799783 TI - [Applied allergology. 9. Bronchial asthma: clinical aspects and pathophysiology]. PMID- 6799784 TI - [Should we expect compliance from our patients?]. PMID- 6799785 TI - [Cancer and nutrition]. PMID- 6799786 TI - [Malnutrition in oncology]. PMID- 6799788 TI - [The value of vitamin A and vitamin A derivatives (retinoids) in oncologic therapy]. PMID- 6799789 TI - [Vitamin C and cancer]. PMID- 6799790 TI - [A plea for the chemical prevention of influenza]. PMID- 6799787 TI - [How efficient are "cancer diets"?]. PMID- 6799791 TI - [Obesity therapy]. PMID- 6799792 TI - [Obesity therapy conservative or surgical?]. PMID- 6799793 TI - [Intragastric appetite-depressor balloon]. PMID- 6799794 TI - [Treatment of extreme obesity with gastric bypass]. PMID- 6799795 TI - [Practical sports medicine. 18. Primary care of athletic injuries. 1. General principles of first aid]. PMID- 6799796 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside, Coumarin necrosis of the thigh]. PMID- 6799797 TI - [Applied allergology. 10. Bronchial asthma: therapy]. PMID- 6799799 TI - [Lecithin determination in amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6799798 TI - [Drug effects]. PMID- 6799800 TI - Drosophila, sex-linked recessive lethal tests with 4-chloromethylbiphenyl and benzyl chloride. AB - 4CMB failed to induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster, by feeding to larvae or adults, or by injecting adults, BC was negative by larval feeding. PMID- 6799801 TI - Genetic activities of 4-chloromethylbiphenyl, the 4-hydroxy derivative and benzyl chloride in the soma and germ line of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The genetic activities of 4CMB, 4HMB and BC were assayed as regards the induction of somatic alterations in gene expression on an unstable w+ locus with an intragenic TE and all the simultaneously induced germinal mutations on the X chromosome carrying this locus. The compounds were applied topically in solution at equimolar doses on late embryos and newly hatched larvae. The somatic events were scored as aberrantly pigmented eye sectors in the emerging adult males and the germinal mutations in their F2 progeny, according to the Muller-5 technique. The somatic events were expressed as red or while mosaic eye sectors; the former could be an outcome of the repression or deletion of the zeste-regulatory proximal subunits of w+ locus, and the latter generally attributable to deletions (w-) within its structural part. All 3 compounds were effective in the induction of red sectors at the higher tested doses (0.5-2.0 mM) and the level of this activity was virtually the same for 4CMB and 4HMB, but was 2-fold higher for BC. In contrast, the frequencies of the simultaneously scored white sectors were not raised significantly above the controls with 4CMB, but showed decisive increases above this level with both 4HMB and BC. The germinal X-chromosome mutations (recessive lethals and visibles) were only induced at the highest tested dose (2.0 mM), and their frequencies were virtually the same for all 3 compounds reaching a common level of about 0.6%, which is some 3-fold the normal control level for the test system. Specific-locus mutability at the TE w+ was suggestively positive only with BC. PMID- 6799802 TI - Mutability studies in two Drosophila melanogaster isogenic stocks, endemic for C picornavirus and virus-free. AB - A virus-free Drosophila stock was obtained by outer disinfection of eggs from DCV contaminated females. The healthy flies exhibited 3 times less lethal mutations on the X chromosome than did the diseased flies. In addition, on X and 2nd chromosomes, the mutability of the infected males was 2-3 times lower than that of the infected females. The natural viruses of Drosophila are partially responsible for the rate of mutations occurring in the wild populations of this insect. PMID- 6799803 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. IX. Differences in relative resistance of ROI4 to the induction of losses of chromosome X and 4 in immature oocytes. PMID- 6799804 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XIII. Effects of radioresistant mutants (rar) on chemical (EMS) mutagenesis. PMID- 6799805 TI - Stability of the DNA apyrimidinic site. PMID- 6799806 TI - Preliminary data suggesting that females of the repair-deficient strain designated st mus302 are strong potentiators of chromosome loss induced by procarbazine and diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in the male genome of Drosophila. PMID- 6799808 TI - Effect of post-treatment with aphidicolin - a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha - on sister-chromatid exchanges induced by ethyl methanesulfonate. PMID- 6799807 TI - The mutagenic activity of quercetin and kaempferol in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799809 TI - Mutagenesis during transformation of Bacillus subtilis. I. An increase in "selfing' resulting from hybrid donor DNAs. AB - Reverse mutations increase when competent Bacillus subtilis cells are transformed with high concentrations of homologous "selfer' DNA. A high proportion of the mutants were also transformants of linked genes. A stimulation in the appearance of reversed mutations occurred when homoduplex and heteroduplex "selfer' DNAs were used as donors. Digestions of native and hybrid DNAs with nuclease S1 from Aspergillus oryzae resulted in the preferential decrease of mutations as compared to a much smaller inactivation of single marker transformation. Among various repair-deficient strains of B. subtilis, only poly A mutants showed a preferential effect of either suppressing or stimulating the frequency of reverse mutation induced by "selfer' DNA. The results are consistent with mutagenic errors occurring during gap-filling steps in the process of either mismatch repair or recombinational strand exchanges. PMID- 6799810 TI - Mutagenesis during transformation of Bacillus subtilis. II. An increase in chemically-induced mutations during competency. AB - During the development of competency in Bacillus subtilis there was an increased sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) treatments. The frequency of reverse mutation also increased among the MMS-revertible markers by a factor of 100 as compared to vegetative cultures. The frequency of 2-aminopurine(AP)-induced mutagenesis was the same in competent and noncompetent cultures. Studies with DNA polymerase-deficient mutants showed a direct involvement of DNA polymerase I in promoting MMS and transformation-induced mutagenesis in competent cells. PMID- 6799811 TI - Differences in the induction of specific deletions and duplications by two male recombination factors isolated from the same Drosophila natural population. AB - 2 male recombination factors, the 31.1 and 23.5 MRF isolated from the same natural population, were tested for the induction of specific deletions and duplications in the regions b and cn of the second chromosome. Genetic and cytological analysis of the double recombinants derived from appropriate crosses of the 23.5/CyL4 and 31.1/CyL4 strains with the dp b cn bw; ve revealed the following differences between the 2 MRFs. (1) The 23.5 MRF induced (a) higher frequencies of double "putative' recombinants, which often appeared in large clusters, (b) large clusters of single recombinants and (c) cases were the wild type and sometimes the dp b cn bw phenotype were not produced among the F2-F10 progeny. Such cases were never found with 31.1 MRF. (2) The b and cn recombinants carried deletions whereas the reciprocal dp cn bw and dp b bw had duplications of the corresponding regions. Each cluster carried an identical deletion or duplication. (3) The breakpoints of the 22 cn deletions detected were distributed in the polytene region 42E-44C. On the basis of the cn deletions, we mapped the cn and so loci to polytene intervals 43E6-16 and 42E3.4--43C5.6, respectively. Hypotheses explaining the different results obtained by the 2 factors are discussed. PMID- 6799812 TI - The induction of chromosome-type aberrations in G1 by methyl methanesulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline-N,-oxide, and the non-requirement of an S-phase for their production. AB - Human lymphocytes were treated in G1 with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and then incubated in the presence or absence of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). There was an increase in aberration frequency in those cells incubated with ara-C compared with those treated with 4NQO or MMS alone. This increase was restricted to chromosome-type aberrations. When cells were treated in G2 with 4NQO and then incubated with ara-C until fixation, there was an increase in deletions compared with cells treated with 4NQO alone. No exchange aberrations were observed following any treatment even when deletion frequencies were high, as in the case with 4NQO plus ara-C treatment. These results suggest that ara-C can inhibit the repair of DNA damage induced by 4NQO and MMS that is converted into aberrations. They also show that the terms "S dependent' and "S-independent' used to describe the modes of action of chemical clastogens are not valid. PMID- 6799813 TI - Neutrons and X-rays, comparative studies with Drosophila melanogaster. 1. The viability and fertility of induced autosomal translocations. AB - Studies on the genetic effects of neutrons and X-rays have produced evidence that may be interpreted as indicating that neutrons induce clusters of closely linked genetic changes. According to this interpretation, it is to be expected that neutron-induced translocations will have a higher rate of associated recessive lethality, compared with translocations induced by low-LET radiation such as X rays. The experiment reported here was designed to test whether this expectation is fulfilled. The dose--frequency response with neutrons for the induction of autosomal translocation was established by exposing males from the Oregon-K stock and then sampling treated mature sperm. From the data obtained, it was estimated that 10 Gy neutrons should induce about the same frequency of autosomal translocations as 27 Gy X-rays. These 2 doses were used to induce translocations in the spermatozoa of males carrying lethal-free autosomes, derived from the Oregon-K stock. Induced translocations were tested for homozygous viability and fertility. When these criteria were used, no qualitative difference was detected between the translocations induced by neutrons and X-rays. PMID- 6799814 TI - Neutrons and X-rays, comparative studies with Drosophila melanogaster. 2. Sex chromosome loss and partial loss, evidence for the induction of chromatid aberrations in spermatozoa. AB - Losses and duplications of BSY y+-chromosome markers were induced by irradiation of spermatozoa with either 0.5-MeV neutrons or 100-kV X-rays. These 2 types of radiation are known to induce significantly different ratios of double:single strand breaks in DNA. Exceptional progeny were grouped into 3 categories; no Y marker, one Y marker, and Y marker duplications + mosaics. The last combination consisted of exceptions derived from only chromatid-type rearrangements. All other classes of exceptions may be derived from either chromatid- or chromosome type rearrangements. Doses of 15 Gy neutrons and 27 Gy X-rays induced identical frequencies of exceptional progeny, giving an RBE of 1.8. The ratios of the 3 classes of exceptions were similar for both types of radiation. This observation can be interpreted as indicating that, under the conditions used here, chromosome and chromatid rearrangements are not derived directly from double and single DNA strand breaks, respectively. PMID- 6799816 TI - Bacterial systems for carcinogenicity testing. AB - During the past 30 years, bacterial test systems have been extensively refined in their ability to detect not only mutagenic agents but, in many cases, carcinogenic ones as well. Since many carcinogens are known to be activated within the mammalian body, major improvements in bacterial test systems were made when representative parts of mammalian metabolism were included as part of the test protocol. Presently, systems of great simplicity and convenience are available for the efficient detection of gene mutations, lysogenic induction of prophages, and differential DNA repair. These qualities render bacterial systems potentially useful in distinguishing between carcinogens and non-carcinogens, in characterizing induced mutation spectra, and possibly in quantifying mutagenic potency that may be used to predict tumor-initiating potency. Sensitive strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis with altered DNA-repair capacities have been constructed which accurately identify many carcinogens. Comparative studies have shown that techniques using these strains can be standardized to some extent and that the majority of carcinogens are active in all adequately sensitive genetic systems. Because of this redundancy, it may be sufficient to employ only one standardized set of tester strains and methodology. However, serveral classes of known carcinogens are undetected or underestimated when assayed in standard testing procedures. Some of these chemicals can be efficiently recognized as mutagens upon varying the methodology, the genetic endpoint, or the mammalian activation system. Thus, to modify and adjust the experimental protocol to the particular type of chemical under study and to calibrate the system with appropriate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic reference compounds is advisable. It is noteworthy that chemical carcinogens which probably act by non-genotoxic mechanisms thus far remain undetected in bacterial tests. Newly developed systems which measure specific types of genetic events, such as transpositions of DNA segments and derepression of genes, presently are being tested for their ability to detect such carcinogens. A final matter of growing concern is the increasing number of environmental chemicals that are found to be mutagenic in bacteria but for which information about carcinogenic activity in vivo is insufficient. The possible use of bacteria for quantifying mutagenic potency and extrapolating this information to tumor initiating potency can be envisaged in three ways: (i) direct extrapolation from standard in vitro tests, (ii) indirect extrapolation making use of an in vitro/in vivo comparison of induced effects (the parallelogram method) as devised by Sobels [138] on the basis of identical dose (to DNA), and (iii) host-mediated assays to assess mutagenic potency of carcinogens in selected organs of mammals... PMID- 6799815 TI - Cell-stage-specific enhancement by caffeine of the frequency of chromatid aberrations induced by X-rays in neural ganglia of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Caffeine (10(-2) M) induced a high level of chromatid aberrations in neural ganglia of third-instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster only when it was added to cells in late G2 and mitotic prophase. No aberrations were observed after treatment in late S--middle G2 or C-mitosis. We observed that, in these stages, caffeine strongly increased X-ray-induced damage (500 R). This potentiation was quantitatively similar. But it involved all types of aberration after treatment in C-mitosis, and essentially isochromatid deletions and chromatid exchanges after treatment in S--G2. Some hypotheses are put forth to explain the possible mechanism of action of caffeine in the potentiation of X-ray-induced damage. PMID- 6799817 TI - An evaluation of tests using DNA repair-deficient bacteria for predicting genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. A report of the U.S. EPA's Gene-TOX Program. AB - The detection of DNA-damaging agents by repair-deficient bacterial assays is based on the differential inhibition of growth of repair-proficient and repair deficient bacterial pairs. The various methodologies used are described and recommendations are made for their improved use. In a survey of the literature through April 1979, 91 of 276 papers evaluated contained usable data, resulting in an analysis of 611 compounds that had been assayed in 1 or more of 55 pairs of repair-proficient and repair-deficient strains. The results indicate that (1) a liquid suspension assay is more sensitive than a spot (diffusion) test. In a review of the Escherichia coli polA assay, 45 compounds that gave "No Test" in the spot test were clearly positive or negative in the liquid suspension assay. (2) Of the 21 compounds analyzed by the E. coli polA assay and by other E. coli repair-deficient strains (e.g., rec, uvr, hcr, and exr derivatives of WP2 and AB1157), 10 were in complete agreement in all strains except uvrA strains. This indicates that strains other than polA+/polA- are useful for detecting DNA damaging agents. However, in selecting strains for use in these assays, care should be taken to consider repair pathway specificity for particular compounds. (3) There was a 78% correspondence between results obtained with E. coli polA and Bacillus subtilis (H17/M45, 17A/45T) rec assay and between E. coli polA and Proteus mirabilis. (4) In a comparison of test results with carcinogenicity data, 44 of 71 (62%) carcinogenic compounds assayed by the polA system were positive, 10 (14%) were negative, and 17 (24%) gave No Test or doubtful results. 7 carcinogens were assayed by other E. coli strains and all were positive. 56 carcinogens were assayed in B. subtilis: 24 (43%) were positive, 9 (16%) were negative, and 23 (41%) gave No Test or doubtful results. Of the 7 carcinogens assayed in P. mirabilis, 6 (86%) were positive and 1 (14%) was negative. (5) The results were analyzed with respect to chemical classes. E. coli polA detected the highest percentage of hydroxylamines and alkyl epoxides. The B. subtilis rec assay detected the highest percentage of nitrosamines and sulfur and nitrogen oxides. It is concluded that some of these test systems are effective tools for the detection of DNA-damaging and potentially carcinogenic compounds, especially if the assay is done in liquid suspension and if more than 1 pair of tester strains is used. Advantages and disadvantages of the assay are discussed and suggestions are made for improvements in the system. PMID- 6799818 TI - Re-evaluation of the mutagenic effects of the hair dye p-phenylenediamine (BASE) in the sex-linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799819 TI - Mutagenicity of cosmetics ingredients licensed by the European Communities. AB - As part of our investigation into mutagenic effects of environmental compounds, we studied chemicals allowed as ingredients of cosmetics according to the guidelines of the Council of the European Communities (27 July 1976). We used three systems, the Salmonella/microsome test, the Basc test on Drosophila and the micronucleus test on mouse bone marrow. Of the 31 chemicals tested, 15 were mutagenic in the Ames test; and of these, 5 were also mutagenic in the Basc test and 2 in the micronucleus test. PMID- 6799820 TI - Sex-linked lethal frequencies produced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in five Drosophila melanogaster wild strains. AB - 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was tested for the induction of mutations in 5 strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Larvae were fed mixtures containing either 1.0 or 4.0 mM DMBA in darkness. After emergence the males were mated to Basc females to test for sex-linked lethals. Canton-S males produced the highest frequency with no significant differences in the induction of lethals by the 2 concentrations. DMBA was slightly mutagenic in Oregon-R males over controls without significant differences between the 2 concentrations. Berlin-K, Lausanne S and Urbana-S males all produced significantly more mutations at the 4.0-mM than the 1.0-mM concentrations. DMVA produced partial sterility in Canton-S and Urbana S males. The DMBA mutation frequencies of all 5 wild strains are interpreted as being related to the levels of activating enzymes that metabolize DMBA. PMID- 6799821 TI - Issues relevant to the assessment of chemically induced chromosome damage in vivo and their relationship to chemical mutagenesis. AB - Rats have been exposed by different routes of administration (inhalation, orally and intraperitoneally) to known mutagens and their bone-marrow cells sampled at different times to determine the extent of chromosome damage. The mutagens investigated were ethyl methanesulphonate, mitomycin C, trimethylphosphate, benzene and vinyl chloride, at single and/or multiple doses (5 consecutive daily). Various categories of chromosome damage were observed in all cases. However, the extent of damage due to chromosome and chromatid gaps was greater than, and generally increased in parallel with, other categories of damage. It has been suggested tht chromosome and chromatid gaps are indicative of toxic phenomena but this study suggests that such aberrations could be useful and sensitive indicators of chemically induced genetic damage. In addition the study has also confirmed that single exposure is as effective as multiple exposure in producing chromosome damage and that the correct sampling time is necessary to detect this damage. Therefore for screening purposes a time course sampling after a single treatment regime would be suitable for detecting the mutagenic potential of a chemical. PMID- 6799822 TI - Comparative evaluation of different pairs of DNA repair-deficient and DNA repair proficient bacterial tester strains for rapid detection of chemical mutagens and carcinogens. AB - The aim of the present study was to evaluate the usefulness of different pairs of DNA repair-deficient and DNA repair-proficient bacterial tester strains in a mutagenicity/carcinogenicity screen, possibly as complements to the Ames test. 70 carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic compounds, representing a variety of chemical structures, were tested for their DNA-damaging effects, using 6 different DNA repair-deficient bacterial strains. 2 Bacillus subtilis systems, H17/M45 and HLL3g/HJ-15, were used. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli AB1157 was compared with the susceptibility of 4 recombination-deficient mutants, JC5547, JC2921, JC2926 and JC5519. The test compounds were applied onto paper disks (spot test, ST), or incorporated into a top agar layer (agar-incorporation test, AT). The 2 B. subtilis systems were generally found to be more sensitive and reliable than the assays using E coli. The incorporation of the test compounds in the agar increased the sensitivity of the test for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other poorly water-soluble compounds. Hydrazines and several other highly polar chemicals could be tested more efficiently when applied onto paper disks. About 30% of the test compounds did not induce any growth inhibition and so could not be tested properly. In order to evaluate the ability of these DNA-repair tests to complement the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity test in a genetic toxicology screening program, results from this study were compared with published data both on mutagenicity in the Ames test and on carcinogenicity. 8 carcinogens generally found to be non-mutagenic for Salmonella were tested: 2 showed DNA-damaging properties (mitomycin C, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine), 5 failed to do so (actinomycin D, griseofulvin, thioacetamide, diethylstilbestrol, safrole), and one (thiourea) was not toxic, so that no classification was possible. 2 non-carcinogenic bacterial mutagens were examined; one, sodium azide, was equitoxic for repair proficient and -deficient strains, while the other, nitrofurantoin, primarily inhibited repair-deficient strains. The DNA-repair tests failed to indicate the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of acridine orange. Nalidixic acid, a non mutagenic DNA synthesis inhibitor, damaged bacterial DNA. Apart from the differences summarized above, carcinogenicity was indicated correctly by the Salmonella S9 assay and most sets of DNA-repair-deficient and DNA-repair proficient tester strains evaluated in this study. Thus, several more carcinogens could be detected by performing the Ames test and the bacterial DNA-repair tests in tandem than by using either test alone. Nevertheless, the use of both bacterial in vitro systems in a battery of short-term tests for mutagenicity/carcinogenicity evaluation is not considered to be ideal, since the Ames test and the pairs of DNA-repair-deficient and DNA-repair-proficient tester strains used had several shortcomings in common under the conditions of this study. PMID- 6799823 TI - Mutagenic effects of combinations of chemical carcinogens and environmental pollutants in mice as shown by the micronucleus test. AB - The effects of combinations of the chemical carcinogens, dimethylnitrosoamine (DMN) or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N'-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), with the environmental pollutants, cadmium (Cd) or polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were examined by Schmidt's micronucleus method with ddY strain mice. DMN had a positive mutagenic effect by oral administration, with a dose response between 25 and 100 mg/kg body weight. MNNG gave a slight positive, though not consistent result, and seemed to be more sensitive at an earlier stage after administration of the drug. Cd was given for up to 7 days in drinking water as a solution of CdCl2 at concentrations of 3, 30 or 300 ppm as Cd. PCB was administered orally at 100 mg/kg daily for 6 days as a solution in corn oil, or subcutaneously injected in ethanol. Neither Cd nor PCB gave positive results in the micronucleus test. However, a synergistic positive effect of Cd with DMN was seen, but PCB with either of these nitrosamines was not positive. PMID- 6799824 TI - Heart-lung transplantation: successful therapy for patients with pulmonary vascular disease. AB - We report our initial experience with three patients who received heart-lung transplants. The primary immunosuppressive agent used was cyclosporin A, although conventional drugs were also administered. In the first patient, a 45-year-old woman with primary pulmonary hypertension, acute rejection of the transplant was diagnosed 10 and 25 days after surgery but was treated successfully; this patient still had normal exercise tolerance 10 months late. The second patient, a 30-year old man, underwent transplantation for Eisenmenger's syndrome due to atrial and ventricular septal defects. His graft was not rejected, and his condition was markedly improved eight months after surgery. The third patient, a 29-year-old woman with transposition of the great vessels and associated defects, died four days postoperatively of renal, hepatic, and pulmonary complications. We attribute our success to experience with heart-lung transplantation in primates, to the use of cyclosporin A, and to the anatomic and physiologic advantages of combined heart-lung replacement. We hope that such transplants may ultimately provide an improved outlook for selected terminally ill patients with pulmonary vascular disease and certain other intractable cardiopulmonary disorders. PMID- 6799825 TI - Law-medicine notes. An end to federal regulation: the good, the bad, and the unnecessary. PMID- 6799826 TI - Deficiency of platelet lipoxygenase activity in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - The myeloproliferative disorders are characterized by frequent bleeding and thrombotic complications, which have been attributed to abnormal platelet function. In 24 of 60 patients studied, reduced activity of the platelet lipoxygenase pathway for oxygenation of arachidonic acid was revealed by a new direct assay. This assay measured arachidonic acid-induced oxygen consumption in platelets preincubated with aspirin to block cyclooxygenase activity. Patients with secondary polycythemia or thrombocytosis had normal lipoxygenase activity . In the cells of seven of eight patients with lipoxygenase deficiency arachidonic acid induced increased synthesis of thromboxane, the major cyclooxygenase product. Nevertheless, patients with deficient lipoxygenase activity tended to have episodes of hemorrhage rather than thrombosis. Bleeding complications occurred in 67 per cent of patients with lipoxygenase deficiency, but in only 19 per cent of those with normal lipoxygenase activity (P less than 0.001). In contrast, 13 per cent of lipoxygenase-deficient patients, but 31 per cent of patients with other myeloproliferative disorders, had thromboembolic complications. Measurement of platelet lipoxygenase activity may be of diagnostic value in distinguishing myeloproliferative disorders from secondary thrombocytosis or polycythemia. Lipoxygenase deficiency may prove to be a useful natural model for investigating the role of lipoxygenase products in hemostasis. PMID- 6799828 TI - Paradoxical angina after nitroglycerin--another variant. PMID- 6799827 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone for spinal trauma. PMID- 6799829 TI - T-cell mitogens cause early changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ and membrane potential in lymphocytes. PMID- 6799830 TI - Hominoid evolution. PMID- 6799831 TI - New hominoid skull material from the Miocene of Pakistan. PMID- 6799832 TI - Leukotriene C4 affects pulmonary and cardiovascular dynamics in monkey. PMID- 6799833 TI - Anthrax island. PMID- 6799834 TI - Neural reorganization during metamorphosis of the corpora pedunculata in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6799836 TI - Nucleotide sequence of a macronuclear gene for actin in Oxytricha fallax. PMID- 6799837 TI - The nature of immune response gene defects. PMID- 6799838 TI - Isolation of membrane components associated with human red cell antigens Rh(D), (c), (E) and Fy. PMID- 6799835 TI - Structural alterations in J regions of mouse immunoglobulin lambda genes are associated with differential gene expression. PMID- 6799839 TI - Absence of Ir gene control of T cells recognizing foreign antigen in the context of allogenic MHC molecules. PMID- 6799840 TI - Rate of turnover of structural variants in the rDNA gene family of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A high degree of polymorphism for the length and copy number of rDNA spacers, in both the X and Y chromosome clusters, has been found in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic behaviour of rDNA structural variants in separate and mixed populations derived from isofemale lines suggest that they are not subject to strong selection and are stable for over 1,000 generations. The high structural variability suggests an evolutionary rapid process of turnover in the family which could partly explain widespread sequence homogeneity (concerted evolution) of rDNA within a species. PMID- 6799841 TI - 31P NMR examination of two patients with NADH-CoQ reductase deficiency. PMID- 6799842 TI - A role for mRNA secondary structure in the control of translation initiation. PMID- 6799843 TI - Paleoclimatic setting for Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. AB - A paleoclimatic hypothesis is presented to account for the evolution and eventual replacement of Homo sapiens neanderthalensis. Neandertal populations in the European Late Pleistocene were largely isolated by geographic barriers. Populations of modern Homo sapiens replaced Neandertals at 34000 years ago, near the end of the relatively cold oxygen isotope stage 3. These population were pushed into Europe by conditions brought on by increasing aridity affecting North Africa and southwestern Asia, and their dispersal was facilitated by lowered sea level. PMID- 6799844 TI - Conjoint radioenzymatic measurement of catecholamines, their catechol metabolites and DOPA in biological samples. AB - An assay is described for the simultaneous determination of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline, dopa, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4 dihydroxyphenylethanol, 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy phenylglycol, capable of detecting amounts in the femtomol range. The assay is based on the O-methylation of the catechol moiety utilizing S-[3H-methyl] adenosyl-L-methionine and a partially purified catechol-O-methyl transferase to form the various O-[3H-methyl]-catechol derivatives. The O-[3H-methyl]-catechol derivatives are purified by thin layer chromatography, solvent partitions and/or ion exchange chromatography. The assay was successfully applied to biological sample. It was possible for the first time, to detect free 3,4 dihydroxyphenylglycol, free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethanol and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid in a small volume (25 microliter) of blood plasma of man, rat, dog and rabbit. The conjoint measurement of catecholamines and their catechol metabolites in minute amounts of biological samples may contribute to a more detailed understanding of catecholamine metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous system. PMID- 6799845 TI - [The spread of penicillinase-forming gonococci in Amsterdam]. PMID- 6799846 TI - Loss of amino acids during hemodialysis: effect of oral essential amino acid supplementation. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of amino acid (AA) supplementation on the loss and its time course of free AA, during hemodialysis. 2 uremic patients on regular hemodialysis received an increasing number of essential AA tablets during the dialysis. The loss and its time course of 6 essential and 7 nonessential free AA during dialysis was assayed in the dialysate. The loss per dialysis treatment of the administered essential AA increased almost proportionally with the doses of AA tablets. For the nonessential AA, no definite relationship between doses of AA tablets and losses was observed. At all levels of supplementation, methionine was retained best: 90% of the amount present in the tablets. Threonine showed the lowest retention: 15 55%. PMID- 6799847 TI - [Glomerulosclerosis: myeloma or diabetes? (author's transl)]. AB - A 52 year old man was admitted to hospital for persistent back pain, fixed proteinuria of 6g/24 h that lead to the nephrotic syndrome (proteids 40 g/l, albumin 21,2 g/l). Two possible etiologies were envisaged: 1) Myeloma with K light chains as evidenced by biological findings (absence of normal Ig, presence of K light chains both in blood and urine, malignant medullary plasmocytosis) as well as x-rays (small punched out lesions). 2. Diabetes mellitus (blood glucose 2,4 g/l) with retinal and neurological involvement. Percutaneous renal biopsy revealed nodular glomerular sclerosis compatible with both diabetes and myeloma as well as homogeneous refringent thickening of tubular basement membranes more specific of myloma. No amyloid deposits, myelomatous casts were seen and anti-K light chain fixation was negative at immunofluorescence. An evolution of 33 months duration let to chronic renal failure (plasma creatinine 47 mg/l). The respective role of myeloma and diabetes in the genesis of this glomerular nephropathy are discussed. PMID- 6799849 TI - Hepatic beta galactosidase and feline GMI gangliosidosis. AB - This paper describes the clinical, morphological and biochemical features of three cats with a progressive neurological disorder. Clinical features were ataxia and progressive tremor. The morphological characteristics were those of lysosomal storage disease affecting neurones of the central nervous system and autonomic ganglia; membranous cytoplasmic bodies were demonstrated by electron microscopy in cerebral neurones. Chemical analysis of brain from two of the cats revealed an increased content of total gangliosides, sialic acid and a specific increase in GMI ganglioside. Enzyme analysis of homogenates of leucocytes, spleen and brain showed less than 5% or normal 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta galactosidase (4MU-beta gal) activity. In liver, activity was markedly reduced at pH values below 4.2, but there was considerable activity above this value. The properties of 4MU-beta gal in normal and diseased feline livers were investigated. Sephadex gel filtration of diseased liver homogenates showed an absence of two thermolabile "acid' components, and reduced activity of a third thermostable "neutral' component. The biochemical abnormalities found in the diseased cats are similar to those found in human juvenile GMI gangliosidosis (type 2). PMID- 6799848 TI - [Comparative evaluation of psychoactive drugs used in patients with subacute and chronic cerebrovascular disorders]. AB - The report is based on 315 patients with subacute and chronic cerebral circulatory disturbances caused mostly by atherosclerosis aged 30 to 82 years, treated for 1-6 months. In 90 cases Piracetam (Nootropil) was given, 107 received Piritinol (Encephabol, Enerbol), 77 Piriditol, 41 Centrophenoxin. The patients were allocated randomly to these groups. In the treated patients improvement was achieved in a considerable proportion of cases (44-82%) treated with different drugs. This improvement manifested itself as regression or decreased intensity of neurotic complaints, labyrinthine-cerebellar signs, pyramidal signs, anxiety and fears, improvement of recent memory, attention, psychomotor activity. The best results were obtained with Nootropil, moderately good with Centrophenoxin, Encephabol, and poor with Piriditol. Drug tolerance was best with Encephabol, while that of other drugs was slightly worse. The only disquieting symptoms was activation of epileptic seizures in several patients treated with Nootropil or Centrophenoxin. The best way of administration was giving the drugs in two doses in the morning hours and at noon. The authors regard as useful the treatment of patients with subacute and chronic cerebral circulatory failure with psychoenergizing drugs. PMID- 6799852 TI - Medical ethics - are they different for the military physician? PMID- 6799850 TI - Normal computed tomograms in acute head injury: correlation of intracranial pressure, ventricular size, and outcome. AB - To assess the predictive value of a normal computed tomographic (CT) scan obtained shortly after head injury, we reviewed all cases of patients with acute closed injury seen at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital over a 42-month period for whom initial CT scanning and continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring had been done. Of 160 patients meeting those criteria, the initial CT scan was interpreted as normal in 17 patients, all of whom had a Glasgow coma scale score of 9 or less. Of those 17 patients, 7 had elevated ICP (higher than 25 mm Hg) and required mannitol. Six of the 7 had a major pulmonary injury. From the 27 CT scans of the 17 patients, we calculated an inverse cella media index and compared it to previously published standards in an attempt to delineate more quantitatively the "slit ventricles" often seen in cases of head injury. Two patients died of extracranial injuries; I had severe disability and 2 had moderate disability - all related to extracranial factors. The remaining 12 made good recoveries. From these findings, we conclude that a normal initial CT scan in patients with closed head injury and pulmonary injury does not preclude increased ICP (and thus should not preclude ICP monitoring) and that patients with closed head injury and a normal initial CT scan in the absence of associated extracranial injuries should make a good recovery. PMID- 6799853 TI - Observations on medical care in a refugee camp in Thailand. PMID- 6799851 TI - Lithium delays biochemical circadian rhythms in rats. AB - Recent evidence has indicated that a fast circadian oscillator or pacemaker might contribute to affective illnesses, particularly manic depressive disease. In order to test the hypothesis that lithium exerts its therapeutic effect by slowing or delaying overly fast circadian rhythms, 95 rats were fed a lithium containing diet for a period of 3-4 weeks, and 91 rats were fed a control diet. The animals were sacrificed at times around the clock. Eight of the eleven substances measured (plasma prolactin, PTH, corticosterone, and aldosterone, serum calcium and magnesium, and cerebellar calcium and magnesium) showed large delays in their circadian rhythms in the lithium-fed rats. This supports the hypothesis that lithium's therapeutic action is to delay overly fast circadian rhythms. PMID- 6799854 TI - The in-and-out parent: strategies for managing reentry stress. PMID- 6799855 TI - Parental response to family centered maternity care and to the implementation of sibling visits. PMID- 6799858 TI - Disease outbreaks in the military community. PMID- 6799859 TI - Compliant and noncompliant hemodialysis patients: a comparison of self-concept components. PMID- 6799857 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias associated with acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6799860 TI - Proposed design for a fatigue cap with improved protective features. PMID- 6799856 TI - Military occupational health surveillance program. PMID- 6799861 TI - Uniformed services regulations for psychology and health care: a review and analysis. PMID- 6799862 TI - Immediate vitrectomy following severe ocular trauma: case reports. PMID- 6799863 TI - Circumcision in a general dispensary. PMID- 6799864 TI - Recognition and treatment of bulbous urethral trauma: case report. PMID- 6799865 TI - Case for diagnosis: glycogen-lipid mitochondrial myopathy. PMID- 6799866 TI - A new managerial approach: army dentistry and the Medical Service Corps officer. PMID- 6799867 TI - The prevention on chronic diseases: a challenge to military medicine. PMID- 6799868 TI - [Prolonged catheterization of the central venous system through the basilic or cephalic vein]. PMID- 6799869 TI - [The use of nitroglycerin ointment in angina patients]. PMID- 6799870 TI - [Energetic support of the heart surgery patient]. PMID- 6799871 TI - [Nutritional problems in heart surgery and in medical heart diseases]. PMID- 6799872 TI - [Metabolic and nutritional problems in heart surgery in children]. PMID- 6799874 TI - [Use of oral and topical Lactobacillus therapy in the auxiliary treatment of leukorrhea]. PMID- 6799873 TI - [Effects and dangers of hyperventilation]. AB - As the notable danger of diving in breath-holding is mostly rapported to the preventive hyperventilation and the effects of such technique of breath, practically applied, are scarcely studied and known, the Author examines the effects of hyperventilation and its consequences on the next breath-holdings in surface and in depth. PMID- 6799876 TI - Tube feeding reconsidered. PMID- 6799878 TI - Nursing care of the total parenteral nutrition patient. PMID- 6799877 TI - Evaluation of Op-Site as a total parenteral nutrition dressing. PMID- 6799875 TI - Pediatric nursing considerations in intravenous therapy. PMID- 6799880 TI - Pharmacist on call. Administering drugs through the skin. The new transdermal route. PMID- 6799881 TI - Use of carbon dioxide laser in pediatric otolaryngologic disease. PMID- 6799879 TI - Nutritional support. PMID- 6799882 TI - DRGs & nursing administration. PMID- 6799884 TI - Delay in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by aspirin and indomethacin. AB - Aspirin and indomethacin, administered systemically by oral route, were found to delay the development of hamster buccal pouch epidermoid carcinomas induced by thrice weekly topical applications of a 0.5 percent solution of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in mineral oil. Forty male and female Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into four equal groups. In Group 1 animals the left buccal pouch was painted thrice weekly with DMBA. Group 2 animals were painted thrice weekly with DMBA and received 12 mg. aspirin daily by oral route. Group 3 animals were painted thrice weekly with DMBA and received 1 mg. indomethacin daily by oral route. Group 4 animals were maintained as untreated controls. Two animals in each of the four groups were killed with ether at 8, 10, 12, 13, and 14 weeks after the start of the experiment. At the time of sacrifice the buccal pouches were photographed and the average number of tumors and the average size of tumors in each group were noted. The left and right buccal pouches were dissected, fixed in 10 percent formalin, sectioned in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Autopsies were also performed on each animal. Both left and right buccal pouches and major organs were studied histologically. Both aspirin and indomethacin in the dosages used were found to delay DMBA buccal pouch carcinogenesis. A suggested mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by the role of both aspirin and indomethacin as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase. Indomethacin appeared to exert a greater tumor-inhibiting effect than aspirin in the dosages used. PMID- 6799883 TI - Antitumor activity of beta-carotene, canthaxanthin and phytoene. AB - Mice were given either beta-carotene or either of two carotenoids with no vitamin A activity--canthaxanthin or phytoene--or placebo. Skin tumors were induced in each group by each of three methods: (1) UV-B (290--320 nm); (2) dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)/croton oil applications; (3) DMBA followed by low-dose UV-B. For tumors induced by UV-B alone, beta-carotene-phytoene- and canthaxanthin-treated mice developed fewer tumors per mouse, with a delay in tumor appearance, than did control mice. For tumors induced by DMBA/croton oil or DMBA/UV-B, mice receiving beta-carotene showed a significant difference in tumor numbers and appearance time from placebo mice; phytoene and canthaxanthin treatment had no effect. PMID- 6799885 TI - A transplantable anaplastic oral cancer model. AB - A stable model has been developed for oral mucosal anaplastic epidermoid carcinoma. This model more closely resembles the biologic characteristics of human oral carcinoma than previous models, such as primary epidermoid carcinomas induced in hamster buccal pouches or tongue by chemical carcinogens. This anaplastic oral cancer model was developed by serial abdominal transplantation in neonatal hamsters of original DMBA-induced primary epidermoid carcinomas of hamster buccal pouch. After the second generation, the tumors became stable, maintained an anaplastic appearance histologically, and were biologically aggressive, with rapid growth and metastatic potential. The original DMBA-induced buccal pouch tumors from 42 adult hamsters were transplanted abdominally through five generations in 151 neonatal hamsters. Immunosuppression was crucial in the initial transplantation but became unnecessary in the later serial transplantations. This model can serve as the basis for a variety of future immunologic and biologic studies dealing with oral cancer. PMID- 6799886 TI - [Epiphyseal and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasias and their treatment]. PMID- 6799888 TI - [Importance of Risser's test for the prognosis of the course of scoliosis]. PMID- 6799887 TI - [Scoliosis on a background of neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6799889 TI - Amino acids derivatives synthesis from nitrogen, carbon and water by electric discharges. AB - Electric discharges between a pair of carbon electrodes were continued for 50 days in a vessel of 5 liters in volume which initially contained nitrogen at a pressure of 15 cm Hg and 200 ml of water. The pressure in the vessel was gradually increased to 60 cm Hg at the end of the run. Gas chromatographic analysis showed that the increase of the pressure mainly results from the production of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The concentration of ammonia in the aqueous sample was increased to 0.05 M in 50 days of the discharge. After hydrolysis, glycine and serine were detected at the concentrations of 3.4 x 10( 3) M and 0.057 x 10(-3) M in the final solution, respectively, though glycine was found only at the concentration of 6 x 10(-6) M before hydrolysis. TLC analysis indicated the presence of hydantoic acid, N-formylglycine, diketopiperazine, and polymers of glycine. PMID- 6799891 TI - [Epidemiologic and clinical problems in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6799892 TI - Aminoglycoside antibiotics in the treatment of otologic infections. AB - Aminoglycoside antibiotics can be used successfully in the treatment of otologic infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. They can be particularly valuable, sometimes in combination with a beta-lactam antibiotic such as carbenicillin, in malignant external otitis, acute middle ear infections caused by gram-negative organisms, and central nervous system complications of cholesteatomas. On the basis of susceptibility tests and of the pharmacology of these drugs, we administer appropriate therapeutic doses of one of the following antibiotics: kanamycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. All of these drugs may be ototoxic and nephrotoxic. PMID- 6799890 TI - Origins of translation: the hypothesis of permanently attached adaptors. AB - A mechanism for prebiotic translation is proposed in which primeval transfer-RNA (adaptors) are assumed to be permanently associated with messenger nucleic acid molecules. Residual 'fossil' evidences are found to be present within the base sequences of contemporary tRNAs, suggesting the existence of inter-primal-tRNA interactions necessary for the mechanism. The structure of proposed primal-tRNA is such that it can not only choose its own amino acid in the absence of aminoacyl synthetase, but can also associate nonspecifically with adjacent primal tRNA molecules attached to the neighbouring codons. Such associations can give rise, through cooperative binding between message and adaptors to the 'static template surfaces' which can direct translation of nucleotide sequences into those of amino acids. The origins of ribosomes and contemporary genetic code are suggested by this hypothesis. Proposed structures and processes are thermodynamically compatible. The approximate date of occurrence of the proposed system is calculated, which is consistent with the period of occurrence of the earliest organism with ribosomes. PMID- 6799893 TI - Inverting papilloma of the sphenoid sinus. AB - Although inverting papillomas originating from the paranasal sinuses have been reported, inverting papillomas emanating from the sphenoid sinus are exceedingly rare. The following is a case report and one year follow-up of a 57-year-old white man who underwent a radical sphenoidostomy for recurrent inverting papilloma of the sphenoid sinus. The patient, to date, is free of disease. PMID- 6799894 TI - Hemangiopericytoma of the sphenoid sinus. AB - A 51-year-old woman complained of intermittent nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Sinus roentgenograms and polytomograms revealed a small mucocele of the right sphenoid sinus. There was no encroachment of the orbital apex or intracranial contents. The mucocele was marsupialized via an external ethmoidectomy, and the scant tissue present inside the sinus was examined histologically. The pathologic diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma. The small tumor had apparently originated at the sinus ostium, thus creating the mucocele. Several months postoperatively, a small, vascular tumor nodule was noted in the incision. No recurrence was evident intranasally. A course of 5,040 rads of external beam radiation therapy was given to the right ethmoid labyrinth and right sphenoid. Since completing her radiation therapy, there has been no recurrence. This case is of interest because the tumor occurred as a mucocele of the sphenoid sinus. PMID- 6799896 TI - Progressive neonatal airway obstruction secondary to cervical thymic cyst. AB - Cervical thymic cysts are extremely unusual neoplasms that only rarely produce signs and symptoms of upper airway tract compromise. Less than 7% of patients initially have dyspnea or hoarseness. We report the first known case of progressive neonatal airway obstruction secondary to a rapidly enlarging cervical thymic cyst. Because one half of these benign tumors may demonstrate mediastinal extension, computed axial tomography or B-mode ultrasonography or both is recommended prior to surgical excision. Review of the literature confirms that the majority are successfully removed via a transcervical approach without recurrence. PMID- 6799895 TI - Osteoid-producing orbital ethmoid tumor. AB - Fibro-osseus lesions of the paranasal sinuses, especially those that contain multinucleated giant cells, demonstrate a significant histopathologic overlap although they manifest themselves throughout a wide range of clinical behavior. They routinely require a critical clinical and pathologic interpretation. Often, the clinical course of the disease is the only guide to diagnosis and mode of treatment. This study presents the case of a 4-year-old boy with an osteoid producing tumor of the ethmoid sinus. Despite an original diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia, the lesion followed a relentless course. Eventually, maxillectomy, orbital exenteration, and craniotomy were required to control the disease. The literature of fibro-osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses is reviewed and an attempt is made to classify these lesions according to their clinical behavior. PMID- 6799897 TI - Surgically correctable causes of sleep apnea syndrome. AB - This report presents six cases of obstructive sleep apnea associated with discrete anatomic abnormalities of the upper airway tract. All patients were relieved of their sleep apnea by surgical correction of the airway obstruction, and therefore permanent tracheotomy was avoided. The obstructive causative factors were nasal septal deformity, adenoidal hypertrophy, nasopharyngeal stenosis, lingual cyst, lingual tonsillar hypertrophy, and laryngeal cyst. The last-named four conditions have not previously been reported as correctable causes of sleep apnea. PMID- 6799898 TI - Anesthesia for carbon dioxide laser microsurgery of the larynx. AB - Jet ventilation via the Sanders injector during intravenous general anesthesia provides excellent operative conditions for CO2 laser microsurgery of the larynx. This technique, which includes complete muscle relaxation, is superior to traditional methods of anesthesia because the endotracheal tube is eliminated, thus improving the surgical field and reducing burn hazards owing to ignition of the tube. The laryngoscope has been modified to carry multiple ports into which a 14-gauge needle is inserted and the tip advanced just distal to the vocal cords. This needle is securely attached to the injector and pressure from the oxygen source is adjusted according to the patient's build and total compliance. Satisfactory arterial blood gases, superb operating conditions, safety, and rapid awakening make this the method of choice for most patients. PMID- 6799899 TI - Symptomatic cervical thymic cyst in a neonate. AB - Thymic cysts are unusual neck masses in adults and children and are rarely differentiated from other neck masses by physical examination. This is a case report of a thymic cyst producing airway obstruction in a neonate. The embryogenesis and differential diagnosis of thymic cysts are reviewed. PMID- 6799900 TI - Primary T-cell lymphoma of oral cavity. AB - Immunopathologic studies classify lymphoma under the T-cell or B-cell groups. Such a classification gives a better indication for prognosis and treatment of lymphomas, with the T-cell group having the worse prognosis. A patient with a T cell lymphoma of the oral cavity is presented. The diagnostic features and management are discussed. PMID- 6799901 TI - Reconstruction of pharyngoesophagus using mucosa of epiglottis. PMID- 6799902 TI - The relationship of hematocrit levels to skin flap survival length in the pig. AB - The work of several investigators suggests that anemia may increase the survival length of skin flaps in the dog and the rabbit. The following experiment was designed to study the survival of standardized skin flaps of varying lengths in normocythemic, polycythemic, and anemic pigs. The pig was chosen because of the similarity of its skin to that of human skin. Twenty-nine standardized random pattern flaps and six standardized arterial flaps were studied in pigs with varying hematocrits. A statistically significant increase was found in the survival lengths of skin flaps in the polycythemic animal as compared with the anemic one. No significant difference was found when the flap survival lengths of the normocythemic control animal were compared with those of the polycythemic animal or with those of the anemic animal. These findings suggest that relative polycythemia may allow improved flap length-survival and, in contradistinction to the findings of previous investigators, that anemia does not result in improved survival length. PMID- 6799903 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the hypopharynx. AB - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is most commonly found in the parotid gland. It rarely occurs in the larynx and hypopharynx. There are only 32 reported cases from these areas. A case of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the hypopharynx is presented. Although the initial impression was squamous cell carcinoma, glandular structures were found in metastatic lymph nodes in the neck specimen, and after mucicarmine stains were positive, the final diagnosis was changed to mucoepidermoid carcinoma. This case illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma, especially in unexpected locations. Differentiating mucoepidermoid carcinoma from other neoplasms is important because treatment may differ depending on the diagnosis. The pathologic spectrum of mucoepidermoid carcinoma is presented, and the management of these tumors with respect to the histologic grade is discussed. PMID- 6799904 TI - Internal carotid artery as source of tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy hemorrhage. PMID- 6799905 TI - Chemodectoma occurring as a parotid mass. PMID- 6799906 TI - Myelin and axon degeneration following direct current peripheral nerve stimulation: a prospective controlled experimental study. AB - A previous study by the authors compared pathologic changes in the mouse sciatic nerve following prolonged continuous stimulation with either pulsed or direct current. The pulsed current stimulator was found as equally effective yet far safer than the direct current (DC) stimulator. In an attempt to reproduce more accurately the clinical setting, the Ear, Nose, and Throat Device Classification Panel of the Food and Drug Administration requested a prospective, controlled study of repeated DC stimulation at one or more sites along a peripheral motor nerve. Again, repetitive DC stimulation both at one site and at multiple sites of the same nerve produced significant myelin and axon degeneration. The authors conclude that even routine use of the DC stimulator carries with it the potential for permanent nerve damage and muscle paralysis. PMID- 6799907 TI - The elective surgeon's personality and role confusion. AB - This study explores the interrelationships of certain characteristics associated with the elective surgeon's personality. Findings indicate that the very characteristics that distinguish the surgeon's expertise also make it difficult for him to accept the changes that have occurred in the spectrum of modern medicine and the resulting role confusion. Rather than reacting defensively or negatively, this work recommends that the surgeon take an affirmative, assertive approach to the problem. PMID- 6799908 TI - Reflux esophagitis: a cause of globus. PMID- 6799909 TI - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity. AB - From 1950 through 1975, 54 patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the oral cavity were treated at the Mayo Clinic. Metastatic disease occurred in 13 patients; nine patients died of their disease. Mucoepidermoid tumors of the hard palate should be treated by partial maxillectomy. Complete neck dissection is necessary for tumors larger than 2 cm in the base of the tongue. Other intraoral mucoepidermoid carcinomas are treated by wide surgical excision. PMID- 6799910 TI - Surgical management of the large cavernous hemangioma. PMID- 6799911 TI - Hamartoma of the larynx: an unusual cause for stridor in an infant. AB - An extremely rare laryngeal hamartoma causing inspiratory stridor in a 6-week-old infant is reported and the histology discussed. The tumor is benign and responds to simple excision. No other cases have been found in the 20th century American literature. PMID- 6799912 TI - Organelle regeneration: cilia vs microvilli in human nasal mucosa following use of topical decongestant. PMID- 6799913 TI - Sleep and breathing disturbance secondary to nasal obstruction. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute nasal obstruction on sleep and breathing in eight normal persons. The subjects were randomized into two groups. One night the subject was studied with the nose open and a second night with the nose obstructed. The electroencephalogram, electrocardiogram, inspiratory effort, nasal and oral airflow, and oxygen saturation were monitored. Sleep proved to be both subjectively and objectively disturbed. The subjects with the nose obstructed awoke more often, had a greater number of changes in sleep stage, had a prolongation of rapid-eye-movement (REM) latency, and spent a greater amount of time in stage I non-REM sleep (light sleep). Acute nasal obstruction caused a statistically significant increase in the number of partial and total obstructive respiratory events (obstructive hypopnea and obstructive apnea). Sleep apnea developed in one subject during this study merely on the basis of acute nasal obstruction. PMID- 6799915 TI - Aminoglycoside ototoxicity in the neonatal period: possible etiologic factor delayed postural control. AB - Forty-three infants, treated with aminoglycosides during the neonatal period, were tested repeatedly over a period of two to five years for neurovestibular responses. Results of testing were compared with those obtained from a group of 276 healthy newborns followed simultaneously. No abnormalities were found in the untreated group. Among the treated infants, three had a sensorineural hearing loss and eight had laboratory evidence of vestibular dysfunction and delay of head and postural control. PMID- 6799914 TI - Comparison of vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal screening tests. AB - A comparison of a newly developed vestibulospinal screening test and two vestibulo-ocular screening tests (caloric and rotation) was performed on two groups of patients, one with Meniere's disease (MD) the other with benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus (BPPN) and vertigo. Vestibulospinal screening tests were slightly more sensitive (not statistically significant) than caloric tests for detection of a peripheral vestibular disorder. Caloric, rotation, and vestibulospinal screening tests were specific neither for MD nor BPPN groups. The caloric test false-positive rate for the involved ear was unacceptably high for the BPPN group. The rotation test false-positive rate was the highest of the three tests for both groups. The vestibulospinal test combined with either the caloric or the rotational tests increased the sensitivity for detection of a peripheral vestibular disturbance, particularly for the MD patients. PMID- 6799916 TI - Perilymphatic communication routes in the auditory and vestibular system. AB - Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the foramen magnum and oval window of guinea pigs to determine perilymphatic communication routes and boundaries. The primary route to the auditory system appeared to be through the cochlear aqueduct. Perineural spaces of the eighth nerve contributed to this communication and provided the principal perilymphatic communication routes to the vestibular system. Light and electron microscopic examination were used to identify membrane permeability and define boundaries in the epithelial lining of the auditory and vestibular endorgans. PMID- 6799917 TI - Perineurial invasion of the facial nerve: a case report with extension from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6799918 TI - Lymphocytic streaming as an indicator of inner ear compartmentalization. AB - Despite a great deal of anatomic and physiologic data in animals, controversy still exists over whether or not the perilymphatic space in man is directly connected to the intracranial space via a patent cochlear aqueduct or other fluid channel. Human physiologic data are limited, indirect, and conflicting. Anatomic and pathologic data have heretofore been inadequate for answering the question convincingly. The temporal bones of a 19-year-old woman with central nervous system lymphoblastic leukemia are discussed. The passive-appearing movement of lymphoblasts between cerebrospinal fluid and perilymphatic spaces suggests both a functionally patent cochlear aqueduct and alternate pathways. PMID- 6799919 TI - Facial paralysis in children: differential diagnosis. AB - The differential diagnosis in 170 patients between birth and 18 years of age is reviewed. There are a number of obvious physical findings and historical features that allow one to make a diagnosis rather quickly. Pain, vesicles, a red pinna, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss suggest herpes zoster oticus. Slow progression beyond three weeks, recurrent facial paralysis involving the same side, facial twitching, weakness, or no return of function after six months indicate a neoplasm. Bilateral simultaneous facial paralysis indicates a cause other than Bell's palsy, such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, pseudobulbar palsy, sarcoidosis, and leukemia. Recurrent facial paralysis associated with a fissured tongue, facial edema, and a positive family history should suggest Melkersson Rosenthal syndrome. PMID- 6799920 TI - Reflexogenic vertigo treated by tensor tympani transection. AB - Two patients complained of severe vertigo following eructation or hiccup. One patient was poststapedectomy; the other had idiopathic cochlear degeneration. The symptoms were reproduced by Hennebert's test in the pathologic ear. The tensor tympani was transected in both patients. An endolymphatic sac procedure was performed concomitantly in the second patient. Both patients had immediate relief of symptoms. It is hypothesized that these reflex phenomena, which elicited vertigo, were accompanied by tensor tympani contraction, which resulted in medial movement of the stapes or prosthesis, and that this movement was transmitted via adhesions to vestibular endorgans to produce the described symptoms. PMID- 6799922 TI - Measures of middle ear admittance during experimentally induced changes in middle ear volume in the hamster. AB - The relation between middle ear admittance measured at the tympanic membrane and middle ear volume was studied in adult hamsters. A modified tympanometric procedure was used to measure complex admittance at eight test frequencies. Middle ear volume was varied by injecting small amounts of water into the bulla cavity. As bulla volume decreased, the value of admittance magnitude also decreased. The measured values of admittance magnitude could be accurately predicted by the equation for admittance magnitude until the bulla was about 70% filled. The results confirm that measures of middle ear admittance reflect the volume of the middle ear cavity as would be expected of a pure compliance. Where such measures are available in man, they might be used to predict the degree of fluid intrusion into the middle ear cavity. PMID- 6799921 TI - Electronic probe for eustachian tube patency and objective tinnitus. PMID- 6799923 TI - Computerized tomography in hearing loss and disequilibrium states. AB - Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning for intracanalicular tumors requires air as a contrast agent within the internal auditory canal and special computer manipulations of the image to visualize small tumors. The same computer manipulations of CT scans provide detail of the middle and inner ear structures not available by non-CT tomographic techniques. The demonstration of horizontal semicircular canal fistula is one area in which CT scanning is clearly superior. Some pitfalls of the technique and interpretation of it will be discussed. PMID- 6799926 TI - Immediate mandibular reconstruction: human experience with autogenous frozen mandibular grafts. AB - Autogenous mandibular grafts that have been cryosurgically devitalized and reimplanted have been studied in the canine. Initial investigations have lent impetus to further application in human cancer surgery. Six patients underwent immediate autogenous mandibular graft reconstruction. All failed because of intraoral complications and decreased vascularization in the midportion of the bone graft. None evidenced recurrence of tumor in bone, although two patient's grafts failed on the basis of tumor recurrence in the adjacent soft tissue. PMID- 6799925 TI - The role of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity in otitis media with effusion. AB - Forty-one children with recurrent otitis media with effusion (OME) were evaluated for IgE mediated allergy by critical analysis of history, physical findings, skin testing for selected antigens, and laboratory determination of total IgE and radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) for six inhalant and two food allergens. The children were divided into an allergic and nonallergic group. The allergic group clearly had higher total IgE in their serum. There was an elevation of middle ear effusion (MEE) IgE in 5 of 20 allergic cases. In three of these five patients or 15% of the allergic group, the IgE/mg protein was higher in the MEE than in the corresponding serum, suggesting the possibility of local production of IgE. Specific IgE antibody as measured by RAST was noted in 9 of 20 MEE and 5 of 20 nasal washings in the allergic group and in only 2 of 21 MEE and in 10 nasal washings of the nonallergic group. Nasal IgE was substantially increased in three patients of the allergic group; however, the corresponding MEE IgE was not increased in proportion to the nasal IgE. The MEE RAST was positive in 22% of the allergic group and in less than 1% of the nonallergic group. Nasal RAST was positive in 20% of the allergic group and in none of the nonallergic group. We conclude that IgE-mediated allergic reactions may play a role in the pathogenesis of OME in only about 15% of children defined as allergic on the basis of clinical and laboratory evidence. Allergy investigation as a diagnostic procedure in children with recurrent OME, but without a history of allergy on the basis of history, family history, or laboratory testing is likely to be nonproductive. PMID- 6799927 TI - Anisocoria with orbital floor fractures: worry and wait. AB - We present a new complication: transient pupillary dilatation in an eye that sustained a posterior orbital floor blow-out fracture. By reviewing the neural pathways involved with pupillary motor function, we surmise the causes of this complication to include trauma to the ciliary ganglion, short ciliary nerves, or the parasympathetic motor root. This type of injury has only recently been reported in the ophthalmologic literature, and has not, prior to this report, been included in the otolaryngologic literature. PMID- 6799924 TI - Adult onset laryngeal papillomatosis. AB - The charts of 22 patients with an onset of laryngeal papillomatosis after age 18 were reviewed retrospectively. The typical patient had hoarseness. Airway obstruction did not occur in this series. One half of the patients had one recurrence or less of their papilloma. The remainder of the patients encountered multiple recurrences. The histologic criteria of mitosis and dysplasia reflected recent past activity and correlated poorly with subsequent clinical behavior. Malignancy did not occur in the larynx of any of these adult onset laryngeal papilloma patients followed from 1 to 20 years. PMID- 6799928 TI - [Therapy with iron(II)-serine in children with iron deficiency and anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799929 TI - Misleading morphology of parasites and fungi in tissue sections. PMID- 6799931 TI - Gastric emptying in prematures of isocaloric feedings with differing osmolalities. AB - The role of osmolar load in the regulation of gastric emptying time was studied in 10 healthy premature infants. Two isocaloric infant feedings of similar composition with mean osmolalities of 279 and 448 mOsm/kg were compared. Emptying was studied over 120 min by the double sampling marker dilution technique and by a single aspiration of the feeding at 30 min. Similar gastric emptying times were noted for both formulas with approximately half of the initial gastric contents remaining at 30 min. The secretory response to the two meals during the first 30 min after feeding was compared by measuring the secretions present in the stomach during that time. The mean secretory response to the feedings did not differ significantly and was less than 2.5 ml in both cases. In general, a biphasic pattern of gastric emptying with a rapid early emptying phase was noted with both feedings. This study, therefore, provides evidence that when isocaloric feedings with similar composition are used, osmolar load does not play a significant role in the regulation of gastric emptying in premature infants. This study also demonstrates that differences in osmolality do not significantly affect the secretory response to a meal in the stomach of the premature infant. PMID- 6799932 TI - Relationship of pneumothorax to occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature newborn. AB - The relationship of pneumothorax to the occurrence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) has been studied in the premature newborn. The major objective of the study was to determine whether the systemic hemodynamic changes that occur with pneumothorax are reflected in the cerebral circulation and whether these changes play a role in pathogenesis of IVH. Blood flow velocity was measured in the anterior cerebral arteries by a transcutaneous Doppler technique in nine infants who developed pneumothorax in the first 3 days of life. At the time of pneumothorax there was a marked increase in flow velocity, especially during diastole, and, with resolution of pneumothorax, flow velocity returned to normal levels over the ensuing hours. The changes in flow velocity correlated closely with systemic hemodynamic changes that occurred with pneumothorax, ie, and increase in mean systemic blood pressure, especially diastolic pressure. IVH, documented by serial ultrasound scans, was observed shortly after pneumothorax in the nine infants. The data thus demonstrate a marked increase in flow velocity in the cerebral circulation at the time of pneumothorax. This increase is of importance in the genesis of IVH as is suggested further by the occurrence of IVH soon after the cerebral hemodynamic changes. PMID- 6799930 TI - Prenatal administration of biotin in biotin responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - Biotin responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency was suspected in a third trimester conceptus on the basis of enzymatic confirmation in fibroblasts cultured from an earlier sibling who suffered a demise in the immediate neonatal period. Maternal urinary organic acid profile was normal throughout the final 4 wk of pregnancy. Oral administration of biotin, 10 mg/day to the mother resulted in a 100-fold increase in urinary biotin excretion within 7 days. Urinary biotin excretion over the subsequent 2 wk decreased steadily, suggesting either decreased maternal absorption or increased fetal sequestration. After the birth of nonidentical twins, cord blood and urinary organic acid profiles of the infants were normal. However, cord blood biotin concentration was 4 to 7-fold that of normal newborns. Subsequent enzymatic and genetic complementation studies utilizing cultured skin fibroblasts from the infants demonstrated one of them to be affected by the multiple carboxylase defect, although he was clinically and biochemically normal throughout the neonatal period. Thus, prenatal therapy of this inborn enzymatic defect can be safely and effectively accomplished by administration of pharmacologic biotin doses in the last month of pregnancy. PMID- 6799933 TI - [Studies on photoneutrons produced by 10 MV x rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799934 TI - [Severe fat embolism after minor injury]. PMID- 6799936 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition, severe septic states, and metabolic acidosis]. PMID- 6799935 TI - [Monoclonal gammopathy, apparently non-myelomatous, associated with non-A non-B hepatitis antigen]. PMID- 6799937 TI - 99mTc-labelled Cu(I)-EHDP, a potential skeletal imaging agent. AB - 99mTc-Cu-EHDP has been prepared with high labelling yield applying for the first time the method of instantly formed cuprous ions in the mixture. A gel chromatography column scanning technique has been used to study the 99mTc fractions in the preparation. The study of the influence of pH-value on the amount of 99mTc-CU-EHDP fraction shows that pH 1.6 - 1.7 gave the best labelling results. The formation rate of 99mTc-Cu-EHDP complex with a high labelling yield was fast and achieved within a few mins. This suggests the reduction of 99mTc pertechnetate to Tc (IV). The final preparation was found stable for at least 4 hrs after mixing the reactants with the 99mTc-eluate. Comparative biokinetic studies of 99mTc-Cu-EHDP and 99mTc-Sn-EHDP in rabbits and mice showed a high bone uptake and fast elimination of 99mTc-Cu-EHDP from the skeleton. No significant difference was found in the plasma protein binding of 99mTc-Cu-EHDP and 99mTc-Sn EHDP in rats as assessed by the GCS-technique. Radionuclide imaging in rabbits, using a gamma camera, showed 99mTc-Cu-EHDP to be a good bone-imaging agent. PMID- 6799938 TI - Christmas Eve. PMID- 6799940 TI - Extended care: towards a new horizon. PMID- 6799939 TI - Nursing assessment of injuries to the lower extremity. AB - When assessing injuries to the lower extremity, they can best be discussed if divided into two groups: (1) vehicular or crushing injuries; and (2) nonvehicular, torsion, or overuse injuries. Vehicular injuries require speedy, accurate assessment as they are often complex and frequently involve other systems. The patient is initially stabilized, then assessment of orthopedic problems is begun. The nurse's role is an assistive one. If the patient is admitted to the hospital, orthopedic care involves prevention of complications, reduction of pain, and assisting the patient in daily activities. Nonvehicular injuries are more chronic in nature. The patient may have unsuccessfully ignored the problem, tried home remedies, or attempted to work with it. At this point, they are seen in the physician's office, hoping for a cure. After diagnosis, proper instruction for a rehabilitation program is begun. Treatment for a sprain, strain, or overuse syndrome can often be done at home. An active program should be encouraged and the patient should be taught why the problem occurred initially and how it can be prevented in the future. PMID- 6799943 TI - [2 cases of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis treated with disodium cromoglycate (Intal)]. PMID- 6799941 TI - [Role of genetic factors in respiratory tract diseases]. PMID- 6799942 TI - [Value of blood pressure measurement by the patients in long-term hypotensive treatment]. PMID- 6799945 TI - Diabetes mellitus in the elderly. AB - Diabetes mellitus, because of its prevalence and inherent chronicity, represents a major health threat to the elderly. However, some of the risk of diabetes associated morbidity and mortality can be diminished with a regimen that takes into account special features of the disease in this age-group. PMID- 6799946 TI - Geriatric malnutrition: recognition and correction. PMID- 6799944 TI - Effects of nootropic drugs on dopaminergic systems in the CNS. AB - The effect of 3 nootropic drugs, meclofenoxat (MEC), piracetam (PIR) and orotic acid (methylglucamine orotate, MGO), on locomotor activity and on rotational behavior after intracerebral injection of dopamine was tested in female Wistar rats. Whereas MGO-pretreatment increased the dopaminergic supersensitivity following repeated haloperidol in both behavioral tests, the other nootropics were without influence on intensity and duration of supersensitivity. Stimulating and sedative action of apomorphine on locomotion (following 2 mg/kg and 40 micrograms/kg apomorphine sc, respectively) was found to be unchanged after single doses of nootropics (300 mg/kg PIR or MEC, 225 mg/kg MGO, 30 min before apomorphine). Preceding systemic application of nootropics did not change the rotational behavior following application of dopamine (200 micrograms/2 microliters) into nucleus accumbens or nucleus caudatoputamen. The results show that nootropic drugs are without influence on spontaneous and dopaminergically stimulated locomotor activity but in contrast to PIR and MEC, MGO is able to facilitate the dopaminergic supersensitivity. PMID- 6799947 TI - Recent advances in haematology. PMID- 6799949 TI - Spironolactone and diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6799948 TI - Low-dose insulin treatment of hyperosmolar diabetic coma. AB - The effect of low-dose hourly i.m. injections of insulin has been studied in the treatment of 17 episodes of hyperosmolar non-ketoacidotic diabetic coma compared with 26 episode of hyperosmolar ketoacidosis occurring in patients over 40 years of age. The fall in blood sugar was satisfactory in the majority of episodes of both types of coma and there was no evidence that patients with hyperosmolar non ketoacidotic coma were more sensitive to insulin. The excess mortality in the non ketotic group (47%) compared with the ketoacidotic group (16%) was not due to uncontrolled diabetes. PMID- 6799950 TI - Light chain plasmacytoid lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6799951 TI - Calorie-protein deficiencies and the immune response of the chicken I. Humoral immunity. AB - How dependent is the chicken on the calorie (C) and amino acid (AA) levels of the diet? This question was addressed by formulating diets that were two-thirds deficient in C and AA. Feeding the one-third C-one-third AA, one-third C and one third AA diets for 5 weeks, in general reduced the primary response to 5% sheep red blood cells (SRBC) but not to .5% SRBC. The C/AA deficient birds were returned to a basal diet at 5 weeks and three weeks later reimmunized with SRBC. The secondary response, immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer, of the latter birds after 3 weeks on a basal diet was significantly lower than controls. Total serum protein was significantly depressed during the feeding of one-third AA diet. Transferrin, IgG, and IgM were not affected while albumin was significantly reduced. Gain in body weight was reduced in all groups receiving the C/AA deficient diets. Three weeks after repletion, all groups gained equally. PMID- 6799953 TI - The role of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in gynaecology. PMID- 6799952 TI - The management of the epilepsies and other seizures. PMID- 6799954 TI - Dialysis strategy: cost and effectiveness. PMID- 6799956 TI - [Basic curriculum planning for continued nursing education in the scope of the reorganization project of higher secondary schools]. PMID- 6799955 TI - [Primary health care in the National Health Service: practical realization of its principles and objectives of the USL RM 30]. PMID- 6799958 TI - [Drugs: a testimony]. PMID- 6799957 TI - [Study of the subject long-term care. Problems of nursing care]. PMID- 6799959 TI - [Proposal of a legislative outline on the training and accreditation of nursing and technical health personnel]. PMID- 6799960 TI - [Work group on legislation concerning nursing care in obstetrics and its training in this field. Hamburg, 11-14 December 1979]. PMID- 6799961 TI - [Reform without costs. An experience in home care services]. PMID- 6799963 TI - [Restructuring of a hospital nursing service]. PMID- 6799962 TI - [Birth control: contraception]. PMID- 6799964 TI - [Improving nursing care. A research design]. PMID- 6799966 TI - Strategies in phage and animal virus morphogenesis. PMID- 6799965 TI - [Modifications in the arrangement of studies in the school of obstetrics]. PMID- 6799967 TI - Haloperidol-induced hyperactivity in neonatal rats: effect of lithium and stimulants. AB - The effect of chronic subcutaneous administration of haloperidol directly into neonatal rats was investigated as a possible model for the hyperkinetic syndrome in human children in terms of its onset, duration and offset of hyperactivity. In addition, the ability of chronically-administered lithium in the diet of nursing mothers to attenuate the haloperidol-induced hyperactivity was investigated. Experiments with acute administration of the clinically-effective stimulants, amphetamine and methylphenidate, to the pups were also conducted to determine the adequacy of this behavioral model vis-a-vis the human condition. The results indicate that, although chronic haloperidol (2.5 mg/kg) produced hyperactivity relative to controls on the 25th day of life, this hyperactive behavior does not return to control levels at 30 days of age. Moreover, neither the stimulants nor lithium attenuates this hyperactivity and, indeed, lithium, by itself, produces increased activity. Thus, chronic haloperidol administered directly into neonatal rat pups produces hyperactivity possibly by the production of dopaminergic supersensitivity, yet this effect does not model the temporal course seen in hyperkinetic humans. In addition, the administration of drugs that are clinically useful in treating childhood hyperactivity were unable to decrease the hyperactivity produced by haloperidol in neonatal rats. Taken together, these observations cast doubt upon the usefulness of this animal model to mimic the human condition. PMID- 6799968 TI - Infant rat hyperactivity elicited by home cage bedding is unaffected by neonatal telencephalic dopamine or norepinephrine depletion. AB - Newborn rats received either stereotaxically guided bilateral injections of 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) in the neostriatum so as to deplete dopamine (DA) there, or subcutaneous 6-OHDA to deplete forebrain norepinephrine (NE). Both the DA and NE depleted rats as well as their respective control rats were significantly more active at 15-16 days of age when tested in a novel environment containing soiled bedding from their home cages, than when tested in the presence of clean bedding material. Furthermore, under both the home cage and clean bedding conditions the DA depleted rats were more active at this age than their controls. Thus while transiently elevated locomotor activity is one consequence of neonatal, neostriatal DA depletion, inattention to olfactory stimuli (which occurs after adult neostriatal DA depletion) is not another. The NE depleted rats in both home cage and clean bedding test conditions showed activity levels equivalent to that of their control groups. Furthermore, the NE depletion did not affect hyperactivity elicited by artificially (peppermint) scented bedding like that in which the rats had been reared. Thus, contrary to expectations based on the reported reduction of preference for conspecific odor after neonatal and adult forebrain NE depletion, these data show that the locomotor activating effects of neither conspecific nor artificial odors associated with the nest odors are attenuated by neonatal NE depletion. The mortality rates among NE depleted rats raised in the peppermint scented shavings was unusually high and overall, these rats were less active than similarly raised controls. PMID- 6799969 TI - [Metabolic interactions of promethazine (author's transl)]. AB - Owing to enzyme induction, the pretreatment of female Wistar rats with promethazine (Prothazin, Atosil) produces a shortening of the hexobarbital sleeping time, a slight increase in the relative liver weight, an increase in the N-demethylation of aminophenazone, the O-demethylation of codeine phosphate, the O-demethylation of p-nitroanisol, the glucuronidation of p-nitrophenol and the NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity in the 9.000 g supernatant of liver homogenates. Particularly striking are the strong stimulation of the N demethylation and the also potentiated [in contrast to the findings obtained with dioxopromethazine (Prothanon)] UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity, whereas the cytochrome P-450 concentration shows a slight trend toward increase, but this is not statistically significant. The findings obtained justify the expectation of drug interactions in case of repeated application of promethazine in the framework of a combined therapy. PMID- 6799970 TI - Antituberculous activity of new 2- and 5-substituted delta2-thiazolin-4-ones. PMID- 6799971 TI - [Endocrinal changes observed by TRH (thyrotropin-releasing hormone) test in alcohol withdrawal syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799972 TI - [So-called intermediate forms of epileptic attacks - etiopathogenic, clinico electrocencephalographic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - Intermediate forms of epileptic attacks almost exclusively begin in child age. As a rule, the clinical picture shows partial attacks and electroencephalographically generalised activity. Epileptic predisposition and possibilities of exogenous damage are present in an equally high degree. In some cases, there are a large number of psychic pecularities, combination with tonoclonic attacks and therapy resistance. Sometimes asymmetry of the paroxysmal activity, focal peak potentials, varying findings in observation over a period of some years are found in the electroenzephalogram. Among our own patients there were 20 such intermediate forms among a total of 141 epileptics. PMID- 6799973 TI - Compensatory pituitary-thyroid mechanisms in major depressive disorder. AB - The thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test was administered to 47 patients meeting DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder (with melancholia) and to 19 nondepressed patients. The wide variability of pituitary responses to TRH stimulation noted in the depressed patients provides evidence for the dysregulation of compensatory hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in acute depression. Blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to TRH injection were found in 16 depressed (34%) and no nondepressed patients (p less than 0.01). Depressed patients who revealed blunted TSH responses also had blunted prolactin responses to TRH relative to other depressed and nondepressed patient groups (p less than 0.01). These patients (with blunted TSH and prolactin responses) may represent a psychobiologically distinct subgroup of endogenously depressed patients. Augmented (high normal) TSH responses to TRH stimulation were found in eight depressed patients (all women), in contrast to no nondepressed patients. These patients may have a subtle thyroidal dysfunction affecting the underlying endogenous depressive diathesis. PMID- 6799974 TI - The paradox of Theodor Reid. PMID- 6799976 TI - Some reflections on the work of Theodor Reik. PMID- 6799975 TI - Remembering Theodor Reik and the third ear. PMID- 6799977 TI - Richard Beer-Hofmann and Theodor Reik: a letter in exile. PMID- 6799978 TI - Listening with the Third Ear as an instrument in psychoanalysis: the contributions of Reik and Isakower. PMID- 6799979 TI - Look, no hands! ... Biographical aspects of dream formation. PMID- 6799980 TI - The superego concept. Part II: Superego development, superego pathology summary. AB - From its inception the superego concept has been historically at the center of a process of scientific convergence-yet it has always presented difficulties in conceptualizing. In this paper, a condensed literature review selectively explore: (1) Freud's fundamental contributions to this concept; (2) major trends in the psychoanalytic exploration of the concept, as they derived from Freud's germinal ideas and; (3) some "stumbling blocks" which may have interfered with efforts at intergration of the superego concept. An object-relational frame of reference, incorporating Kernberg's recent contributions and his efforts at integration in this field at large, as well as Jacobson's contributions as they relate to superego concept in particular are briefly considered. Such a frame of reference is then applied in an effort at describing a sequential development of the superego in four progressively differentiated and integrated phases: (1) agressively derived primitive sadistic superego forerunners; (2) integration of aggressively derived, primitive superego forerunners and ideal self-object representations; (3) oedipally-derived superego and (4) post-oedipal superego individualization. Toward the end some succinct considerations regarding superego pathology are given and paths for possible further integration and exploration are suggested. PMID- 6799981 TI - Our mortal dress: Sigmund Freud and the theme of death. PMID- 6799982 TI - James Joyce's Ulysses revisited: matricide and the search for the mother. PMID- 6799985 TI - Antianginal drugs for stable angina pectoris. PMID- 6799984 TI - [Investigation of iron metabolism (59Fe) by whole-body radiometry with healthy men under physical stress (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799983 TI - Cost-benefit of a streptococcal surveillance program among Navajo Indians. AB - A school-based streptococcal surveillance program has been in effect among Navajo Indians for more than 4 years. Throat cultures of symptomatic children are obtained when indicated, and routine throat cultures are performed monthly. Children whose cultures are positive for group A beta-hemolytic streptococci are treated. During 4 academic years, between 48 percent and 56 percent of elementary school children attended the schools that had 4 or more monthly surveys in each year, but only 24 percent (7 of 29) of the acute rheumatic fever (ARF) cases occurred in children at those schools. Six of seven children attending covered schools were not cultured before their ARF episodes. Five cases occurred in children attending previously covered schools, during years in which participation lapse. Three or four ARF cases per year appeared to have been prevented, but the program's costs were five times the estimated costs of the prevented cases, even excluding risks of allergic reactions to penicillin. There is little evidence that most asymptomatic carriers are at risk to develop ARF. The authors recommend that streptococcal surveillance efforts be confined largely to culturing throat swabs of children with pharyngitis. PMID- 6799986 TI - [The role of tungsten, selenium and nickel in the metabolism of clostridia and methanogenic bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799987 TI - Immunological and non-immunological synthesis and release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes from isolated guinea pig trachea. AB - Specific radioimmunoassays were used to demonstrate the synthesis by the guinea pig trachea of 6-keto PGF1 alpha, TxB2, and PGF2 alpha in addition to PGE2. The rank order of both spontaneous and stimulated release was PGE2 greater than PGF2 alpha greater than 6-keto PGF1 alpha = TxB2. Ovalbumin-induced prostanoid release from sensitized tissue was antigen-specific. The release was unlikely to be secondary consequence of tracheal contraction since incubations with calcium ionophore A23187, at a concentration which produces an equivalent magnitude of contraction of sensitized trachea, did not induce a significant PG or Tx production. In contrast, significantly higher prostanoid synthesis was induced by A23187 in unsensitized than sensitized trachea. Thus sensitization altered the profile of arachidonic acid metabolism evoked by the ionophore. PMID- 6799988 TI - Effect of essential polyunsaturated fatty acid modifications on prostaglandin production by MDCK canine kidney cells. AB - Supplementation of growing MDCK canine kidney tubular epithelial cultures with linoleic acid produced a 3.6- to 4.9-fold increase in bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 release as measured by radioimmunoassay. Under these conditions the cell phospholipids contained 3.9- times more linoleic acid and 5.6-times more arachidonic acid, with the inositol, ethanolamine and choline phosphoglyceride fractions becoming enriched in arachidonic acid. By contrast, supplementation with arachidonic acid did not enhance bradykinin-stimulated PGE2 release even though the arachidonic acid content of the cell phospholipids was increased 8.8 fold. The distribution of radioactive prostaglandin products was unchanged by these fatty acid enrichments, with PGE2 accounting for 55 to 68% of the total output from [1-14C]arachidonic acid. Linoleic acid supplementation also produced a 2.5-fold increase in PGE2 formation stimulated by extracellular arachidonic acid, whereas supplementation during culture with arachidonic acid caused a 55 to 80% inhibition. This difference cannot be accounted for by changes in the ability of the cells to incorporate extracellular arachidonic acid. It is suggested that at least some of the effects of linoleate supplementation on prostaglandin production are due to the resulting enrichment of the intracellular phospholipid substate pools with arachidonic acid. In addition, it appears that prolonged exposure to arachidonic acid during culture has an overriding inhibitory effect on prostaglandin production even though the total cell lipids become highly enriched in arachidonate. PMID- 6799990 TI - [Effect of some balneologic procedures on peripheral blood supply of upper extremities in persons professionally exposed to vibration (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799989 TI - Rapid return of cyclo-oxygenase active platelets in dogs after a single oral dose of aspirin. AB - A single dose of oral aspirin in human subjects inhibits the aggregation response of platelets to arachidonate and other agents for approximately one week after ingestion. In the present study we have evaluated the rate at which cyclo oxygenase active platelets return to the circulation in humans and dogs and compared the response curves obtained to improvements in cyclo-oxygenase activity produced by the aspirin platelets. After a single dose of aspirin, dog platelet function was compromised for several days. Normal responses to arachidonate and other aggregating agents were restored six days after aspirin, and the pattern of recovery was the same for dogs and human subjects. However, cyclo-oxygenase active platelets returned to the circulation in dogs more rapidly than in humans and chemical competence was restored in both species well before correction of the defective response to aggregating agents. The delay of 1-3 days before return of significant numbers of cyclo-oxygenase active platelets most likely reflects acetylation of bone marrow megakaryocytes by the drug. More rapid return of chemically competent cells in dogs than humans probably relates to the more rapid turnover and shorter life span of canine platelets. The basis for the discrepancy in return of chemical integrity compared to functional activity after aspirin in vivo compared to simultaneous correction of chemistry and function when 10% normal platelets are added to aspirin platelets in vitro remains unresolved. PMID- 6799991 TI - [Opaque cisternography with Iopamidol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6799993 TI - [Intravenous nitroglycerin in the treatment of an acute intraoperative myocardial lesion]. PMID- 6799994 TI - [Use of nitroglycerin in anesthesia and surgery]. PMID- 6799995 TI - [Changing patterns in the surgery of hepatic hydatidosis]. PMID- 6799996 TI - [Diagnostic radiology in mediastinal disorders : technical progress and current strategy (author's transl)]. AB - After a brief reminder of recent progress in radiological methods in the diagnosis of mediastinal disorders, the authors study the contribution of Computerised Axial Tomography (T.D.M.). The advantages of T.D.M. in mediastinal disease rest on two characteristics : the morphological study of the mediastinum is made easier by the display of transverse axial cuts with nothing superimposed; the density measurements can distinguish between opacities which would appear similar on conventional radiology. Three facts have been established by the authors : T.D.M. raises the diagnostic sensitivity of radiology; in distinguishing between fatty, watery, vascular and solid tumours, it increases aetiological specificity; it simplifies the diagnostic approach while increasing the efficiency of radiology and the importance of its role in therapeutic decisions. In a typical case where one has just discovered an abnormal mediastinal opacity (and in whom a gastro-intestinal primary has been excluded), T.D.M. should be the first examination after standard radiography, because its results determine the remaining investigation. T.D.M. is specially indicated in evaluating a myasthenic or when investigating an anomaly in the infero-posterior mediastinum. A few cases do not entirely fit in to this schema, because of a particular clinical or radiological situation such as : mediastinal adenopathy; the assessement of the extent of a bronchogenic carcinoma; anterior cardio phrenic opacities. The examination of the hila again has its limits when the abnormal opacity is small as there are errors in the technique due to the effects of incomplete volume. Finally, there remains the improved cost-effectiveness of the radiological examination of the mediastinum with the rational use of T.D.M. PMID- 6799992 TI - [Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 6799997 TI - [Measurement of PACO2 in children by capnography and mass spectrometry (author's transl)]. AB - The present study examines the errors of measurement under working conditions using a capnograph and suggests a methodology to obtain optimal results in a given clinical situation. The authors compare the PCO2 measured with the aid of capnograph using CO2 absorption by infrared, with simultaneous measurements of PCO2 using a mass spectrometer as the reference. The observations measured included static and dynamic responses to a step variation of 5% CO2 and also the PACO2 in normal 9 to 12 year old children. The results show that the errors using a capnograph may reach 45 per cent at the highest respiratory frequencies. The influence of the dimensions of the sampling apparatus and the output of the sampling pump on the measurement of PACO2 are discussed. The static and dynamic calibration allow optimal operating conditions for the requirements of a patient in bed. (In this study children aged 9 to 12, with a respiratory frequency of less than 40/min). The errors after achieving optimal conditions is independent of respiratory frequency and always remained less than 5 per cent. A few simple rules are suggested to avoid the errors we have seen and if proper precautions are taken capnography can be considered as a good method for measuring PACO2 in children. PMID- 6799998 TI - Ewing's sarcoma: treatment with high-dose radiation and adjuvant chemotherapy. AB - Twenty-nine patients with pathologically proven Ewing's sarcoma without overt metastases at diagnosis were treated with a protocol designed by The Royal Marsden and St. Bartholomew's Hospital Children's Solid Tumour Group. They received megavoltage radiotherapy to the involved bone and adjuvant chemotherapy with a combination of four cytotoxic drugs. Comparison with a historical control group of 19 patients treated with local surgery or radiotherapy but no initial chemotherapy shows a significant improvement in survival for the study group (P = 0.022). Thirteen patients have failed on the protocol: eight at the original site, four in other bones and only one in the lungs. Sixteen patients remain alive and disease free, 11 of these for over 33 months. The treatment regimen was moderately toxic but there were no treatment-related deaths. These results confirm that an improved survival time and, hopefully, cure rate can be expected by treating Ewing's tumour with high-dose megavoltage radiation and combination chemotherapy. Future goals must be better control of primary lesions and eradication of micrometastases in other bones. PMID- 6799999 TI - Chemotherapy of carcinomas of the digestive tract. AB - Adjuvant chemotherapy trials in gastric and colorectal carcinomas are reviewed and no clear benefit from such treatment could be observed. To improve existing chemotherapy regimens, several pilot studies were performed in 95 gastric cancer and 85 colorectal carcinomas patients. Response rate for gastric carcinomas using the mitomycin C plus adriamycin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (FAM) regimen was 40% and was not improved by the addition of nitrosoureas. In colorectal carcinomas none of the combinations used gave better results than 5-FU alone. Fourteen patients with esophageal carcinoma were treated with combination CDDP and the response rate was as high as 50%. PMID- 6800000 TI - Therapeutic effectiveness of neuraminidase-treated allogeneic myeloblasts as immunogen in acute myelocytic leukemia. AB - Our chemoimmunotherapy study shows significantly longer remission and survival in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) patients who have been immunized with neuraminidase-treated allogeneic myeloblasts as compared to patients who received chemotherapy alone or neuraminidase-treated myeloblasts plus MER. MER impairs the immunotherapeutic effectiveness of neuraminidase-treated allogeneic myeloblasts in AML patients. The in vivo and in vitro immunologic status in each arm of the protocol correlate well with the duration of remission and survival of the patient. PMID- 6800001 TI - Behavioural and body temperature effects of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide after intraventricular injection in adult fowls Gallus domesticus. AB - The effects of the meningococcal lipopolysaccharide (LPS), given into the II cerebral ventricle of adult fowls, were studied on behaviour and body temperature. Immediately after the administration a marked and dose- dependent behavioural sedation or sleep lasting over 2 hours or more according to the dose was observed. The body temperature effects of LPS were biphasic, i.e. and immediate initial phase of hypothermia lasting about 100 min, followed by a longer-lasting fever response. A pretreatment with phentolamine, an antagonist at alpha-adrenoceptors prevented the hypothermic phase following the endotoxin administration. In conclusion, present experiments show that in comparison to 0 somatic antigen of Shigella dysenteriae, meningococcal endotoxin possesses more marked behavioural effects and a different profile in body temperature effects. PMID- 6800002 TI - Differential inhibition by diazepam and nitrazepam of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities in rats. AB - To assess the role of the N-alkyl group in the interaction of N-alkylated compounds on UDP-glucuronyltransferases, the effect of diazepam and nitrazepam, an N-desmethyl derivative of the diazepam class was studied on morphine, p nitrophenol and testosterone glucuronidation in rats. Diazepam competitively inhibited the UDP-glucuroyltransferase activity for morphine in hepatic microsomes. The k value for morphine was 0.3 mM and the Ki for diazepam was about 0.23 mM. Also, diazepam administration to male rats reduced the glucuronyltransferase activity for morphine in rat hepatic microsomes in a dose effect relationship. Nitrazepam had no significant effect on morphine UDP glucuronyltransferase activity in vitro or in in vivo experiments. Neither diazepam nor nitrazepam produced any effect on p-nitrophenol or testosterone glucuronidation in liver microsomal preparations. Single or repeated doses of these benzodiazepines did not change cytochrome P-450, RNA or protein contents of hepatic microsomes. It is suggested that morphine glucuronyltransferase contains an active site for binding of the N-methyl group present in the substrate. Such a binding site would be absent or in effective in p-nitrophenol and testosterone glucuronyltransferases. The reported inhibition of morphine metabolism by diazepam may account for an enhancement of morphine pharmacological effects. PMID- 6800004 TI - [Electrophysiologic and hemodynamic effects of disopyramide phosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800003 TI - Influence of anxiolytic drugs (Prazepam and Diazepam) on respiratory center output and CO2 chemosensitivity in patients with lung diseases. AB - Occlusion pressure at 0.1 s (P0.1) and its evolution during progressive hyperoxic hypercapnia (CO2 chemosensitivity) were measured in 40 patients. Most of them (26) were affected by asthma and /or chronic bronchitis and had mild obstruction and hypoxemia. Measurements were made after 2 days of oral prazepam, diazepam or a placebo (single-blind study). Diazepam induced a significant decrease in P0.1 without affecting CO2 chemosensitivity. In contrast, prazepam did not significantly modify P0.1 or CO2 chemosensitivity. However, P0.1 decreased in 5/18 individual cases. 1 week of treatment by prazepam has advantages over diazepam by not depressing respiratory center output. PMID- 6800007 TI - Non-bicarbonate buffering of ascites tumor cells in the rat as titrated by strong acids. AB - Buffer equations originally derived for blood were applied to the in vitro system "ascites tumor cells and ascitic fluid'. Non-bicarbonate buffer values beta(mmol x pH(-1) x 1(-1)) were determined experimentally by titration of ascites, cell free ascitic fluid and cell homogenates with NaOH in the absence of CO2. beta in ascitic fluid, in native ascites and in cell homogenate were beta (F) = 5.9, beta (A) = 16.4 and beta (H) = 24.9, respectively. Intracellular beta value beta (C) calculated from buffer equations depended on the ratio delta pHi/delta pHe. With delta pHi/delta pHe = 1, beta (C) was 38.8. The difference between beta (C) and beta (H) could be partly accounted for by differences in the cellular protein content. With delta pHi/delta pHe = 0.62 as in the presence of CO2, beta (C) becomes 62.6. In the presence of CO2 (see Albers et al., 1981), the extracellular buffering was higher and the intracellular buffering lower than the values titrated in the absence of CO2. It is concluded that in the presence of CO2 and/or HCO3- the apparent intracellular buffering of intact tumor cells results from non-bicarbonate buffering by cell proteins as well as from active or passive ionic exchanges with the extracellular fluid. PMID- 6800006 TI - Effect of CO2 and lactic acid on intracellular pH of ascites tumor cells. AB - The effect of CO2 and of lactic acid (L.A.) on the extracellular (pHe) and intracellular pH (pHi) of ascites tumor cells (DS-carcinosarcoma) in rats was studied by in vitro equilibration of ascites with CO2 and alteration of lactic acid concentration. pHi was determined by the distribution of DMO. The effects of lactic acid and CO2 on pH were additive and could be expressed as pHe = 8.872 - 0.745 logPCO2 - 0.0355 (L.A.) (R = 0.867, n = 201) pHi = 8.218 - 0.436 logPCO2 - 0.0275 (L.A.) (R = 0.812, n = 143) delta pHi/delta pHe was dependent on the way pHe was changed: If the change in pHe was due to lactic acid, delta pHi/delta pHe was 0.91; if it was due to CO2 delta pHi/delta pHe was 0.625. pHi exceeded pHe if either PCO2 and/or the concentration of lactic acid was raised above a critical level. The results render it questionable to predict intracellular pH values within solid tumor from pH measurements within the extracellular fluid. PMID- 6800005 TI - Accelerated respiratory response to moderate exercise in late pregnancy. AB - We studied the rates of change of expired ventilation (VE, BTPS), O2 consumption (VO2, STPD) and CO2 production (VCO2, STPD) at the start and stop of 6 min of 50 W bicycle exercise, comparing 20 healthy young women at 38 weeks of pregnancy (G) and 3 months postpartum (NG). VO2, VCO2 and VE were significantly greater at rest for G than for NG. The absolute increases of VO2 and VCO2 from steady-state rest (SSR) to steady-state exercise (SSE) were the same for G and NG. The absolute increase of VE from SSR to SSE was significantly greater for G than NG. VCO2 and VE increased more rapidly in G than NG, but only during the first 90 sec of exercise. Recovery rates after exercise were equal for G and NG. We believe that lower extremity muscles of G contract on more distended veins at the onset of exercise, forcing increased volumes of venous blood through the lungs, increasing VO2 and VCO2. VE follows VCO2 closely. PMID- 6800008 TI - Location of lung receptors mediating the breathing frequency response to pulmonary CO2. AB - Pulmonary stretch receptors are thought to mediate the breathing frequency (bf) response to changes in pulmonary CO2. However, the location and distribution of these receptors is disputed. The purpose of this study was to determine what contribution the extrapulmonary receptors make in the pulmonary CO2 bf response. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. The diaphragm electromyogram was used to monitor respiratory center output and to trigger a ventilator. Exposure of an upper airway segment to CO2 or positive end expired pressure failed to produce changes in the bf. Denervation of the upper airway down to but not including the hilum caused similar insignificant changes in the CO2 bf response. Lungs collapsed by suction showed minimal Hering-Breuer inhibition when compared with inflated lungs. Bronchial arterial perfusion with hypocapnic followed by hypercapnic blood failed to produce changes in the bf while similar perfusion of the pulmonary arterial system resulted in significant increases in bf. It appears that the receptors mainly responsible for the pulmonary CO2 response are located in the more peripheral regions of the lung. PMID- 6800010 TI - [Retrospective study of Graves ophthalmopathy in relation to thyroid treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800011 TI - [Pancreas rupture following closed abdominal injury. Refractory hypocalcemia secondary to hypomagnesemia]. PMID- 6800009 TI - [Hemostatic abnormalities in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800012 TI - [Infantile bronchial asthma. II]. PMID- 6800013 TI - [Sudden death and the near-miss syndrome in infants]. PMID- 6800014 TI - [Post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis. II]. PMID- 6800015 TI - [Arterial pressure in children aged 5-14 years]. PMID- 6800018 TI - [Acrocephalopolysyndactylia (Carpenter's syndrome)]. PMID- 6800016 TI - [Gastroduodenal ulcer in children (clinical study)]. PMID- 6800019 TI - [A case of osteogenesis imperfecta of the Vrolik type]. PMID- 6800017 TI - [Correlation between the results of the xylose-D test and the histomorphological aspect of the jejunal mucosa in celiac disease]. PMID- 6800021 TI - [Myasthenia gravis and asymptomatic monoclonal gammapathy. Detection of autoantibody activity of the monoclonal immunoglobulin]. AB - Simultaneous occurrence of "myasthenia gravis" and monoclonal "asymptomatic" gammapathy has been observed in a 83 years old patient. Antistriated muscle antibodies could be detected at a level of 1/1,000 but no antiacetylcholine receptors antibodies. The antibody activity is located both in the monoclonal IgG kappa and in the polyclonal IgG. This case illustrates the frequent occurrence of several auto-immune disorders in a same patient. PMID- 6800022 TI - [Transfusion-induced malaria: risks, prevention and cost (1 year's experience)]. AB - Three cases of transfusion induced paludism have been seen in Rouen since 1976. Two of them were due to Plasmodium falciparum and the third to Plasmodium malariae. In order to improve the prevention of this disease, a survey was carried out in 1980 which concerned 51,000 blood samples, 1,020 blood donors were selected because they had lived in a malarial endemic zone. Among them, 92 subjects were detected by an indirect immunofluorescence reaction as having a titer exceeding 1: 20 and their blood was kept aside any transfusional use. These results were studied according to the geographical area concerned, the ethnical origin, the time elapsed since the return and whether or not a chemoprophylaxis had been used. The present study gives further evidence of the risk linked to a stay in Africa. But neither the time since the return, nor the use or not of a chemoprophylaxis seemed to influence the serological results. The five years exclusion rule, used up until now, came to be at the same time too much and insufficiently limitative, since it would have eliminated 1.4% blood donors while the serological controls would eliminate only 0.18%. On the other hand, 14 blood donors, who were back in France for more than 5 years and presented with a positive serology, would have been considered as normal. In the light of these results, a practical line is given based on the association of a simple inquiry to a malarial serology. PMID- 6800020 TI - [A clinical case of congenital listeriosis]. PMID- 6800024 TI - [Enteral nutrition through naso-jejunal intubation. Presentation of a new tube made of silicone rubber]. PMID- 6800023 TI - [Plasma exchange using filtration. Experience at the apropos of 21 patients]. PMID- 6800025 TI - [The short small intestine]. PMID- 6800026 TI - Mechanisms of bone remodeling induced by tumors: tumor humors. PMID- 6800027 TI - [Treatment of hypercalcemias]. AB - Apart from the search for specific oncological treatments, interesting investigations are currently in progress into methods designed to increase bone resistance against tumoral aggression. Several substances are under study. Here the discussion will chiefly centre on the diphosphonates, their mechanism of action and indication in bone oncology. It has been seen that tumoral hypercalcemias (with or without bone metastases) essentially derive from disturbance of the balance between the huge mineral stores of the bone and the small extracellular space. It has also been learned that osteolysis inhibition is the major step in their treatment, while therapies designed to eliminate the calcium excess through the kidney (saline solutions, furosemide, ethacrinic acid, dialysis) or bind it with chelators (EDTA) can have only transitory effects. Tumoral osteolysis may be inhibited by drugs acting on bone and/or tumoral cells (mithramycin, calcitonin, corticosteroids etc.) or by the diphosphonates. At present the latter are the treatment of choice for tumoral hypercalcemias. PMID- 6800029 TI - [Thyroid hormones and thyroid reserve in preclinical hypothyroidism]. AB - Preclinical hypothyroidism (i.e. basal thyroxine within the normal laboratory range, basal TSH normal or elevated and exaggerated TSH response to TRH) is a biochemical constellation of uncertain clinical relevance. The oral TRH test with simultaneous measurements of TSH and thyroid hormones before and 3 h after 40 mg TRH provides information about both pituitary and thyroid reserve. In a group of female patients with preclinical hypothyroidism, basal thyroxine but not triiodothyronine was found to be clearly diminished compared with a group of healthy female controls, indicating a slight thyroid hormone deficiency. Furthermore, a progressively reduced thyroid reserve of T4 and especially of T3 was seen to be closely related to elevation of basal TSH as an expression of thyroid cell insufficiency. These data emphasize the clinical importance of TSH elevation despite normal thyroxine levels as a better individual sign of impending primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 6800031 TI - [Acute exposure to CS tear gas and clinical studies]. AB - A case of serious intoxication with CS tear gas (o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile) is reported in a previously healthy male subject of 43 years involving pulmonary edema complicated by pneumonia, signs of heart failure and evidence of hepatocellular damage. Comparison with animal and human exposures supports the etiologic and pathogenetic role of CS tear gas in the present case. The pulmonary edema may have been the consequence of unusual conditions of exposure and/or increased individual susceptibility. The question of the "safety" of CS tear gas is discussed. PMID- 6800032 TI - Isolation of chlorine-containing antibiotic from the freshwater cyanobacterium Scytonema hofmanni. AB - Scytonema hofmanni, a filamentous freshwater cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), produces secondary metabolites which inhibit the growth of other cyanobacteria and green algae. A rapid, qualitative assay for this inhibition has been developed with Synechococcus as the test organism. This assay procedure has led to the isolation and characterization of an antibiotic (named cyanobacterin) from Scytonema. The antibiotic has a molecular weight of 430 and an empirical formula of C23H23O6Cl and contains a gamma-lactone and a chlorinated aromatic nucleus. It inhibits the growth of various algae but has limited effect on nonphotosynthetic bacteria or protozoans and thus may have potential use as a specific algicide. PMID- 6800030 TI - [Lipid changes as a possible risk factor in preclinical hypothyroidism. Preliminary report]. AB - In a prospective study the lipids have been investigated in patients with preclinical hypothyroidism (normal values for thyroxine and free thyroxine index but exaggerated response to oral TRH and normal or elevated basal TSH). This group was compared with euthyroid normal subjects and patients with overt hypothyroidism. Cholesterol and triglycerides were normal in patients with preclinical hypothyroidism, in contrast to the increased levels in overt hypothyroidism. HDL cholesterol showed no difference in either group. Lipid electrophoresis on agarose with densitometric analysis revealed elevation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and diminution of high density lipoproteins (HDL) in both groups of hypothyroid patients. The changes in LDL and HDL are both known coronary risk factors and could explain the reported prevalence of coronary disease in the early stages of thyroid failure. These preliminary findings need further confirmation. PMID- 6800033 TI - A 7-hydroxymethyl sulfate ester as an active metabolite of 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene. AB - 7-Hydroxymethyl-12-methylbenz[alpha]anthracene (7-HMBA), a carcinogenic major metabolite of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) in liver, was transformed by liver cytosolic sulfotransferase to reactive 7-HMBA sulfate, which is mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98. The mutagenicity of 7-HMBA in the presence of hepatic sulfotransferase was much higher than that of DMBA or 7-HMBA in the presence of hepatic monooxygenase. PMID- 6800028 TI - [Combined treatment of Paget's disease of bone with calcitonin and the diphosphonate EHDP]. AB - To avoid the inhibitory effect of EHDP on bone mineralization, a variety of diphosphonates (Cl2MDP, APD) and a combination of EHDP with calcitonin have been used in the treatment of Paget's disease. In the present study, 13 patients received combined treatment with synthetic human calcitonin (HCT 0.5 mg s.c./day, 5--7 days per week) and EHDP (7.5 mg/kg, day, p.o.) for a mean duration of 6.1 months until disappearance of the symptoms. Results were compared with those obtained in a group of 10 patients treated with HCT alone. The clinical and biochemical effects were similar in both groups, although patients on the combined treatment were treated for a shorter period of time (6.1 vs 11.5 months, p less than 0.01). The desired clinical benefit was obtained within the first few months (4.9 +/- 0.9) in the group on the combined treatment, and within 8.7 +/- 2.4 months (p = 0.05) in the HCT group. Although the incidence of biochemical and scintigraphic relapse was higher than reported in the literature, no clinical recurrence has been observed up to 15 months after interruption of the combined treatment. This positive result casts doubt on the relevance of prolonged treatment of Paget's disease with HCT alone or in combination with EHDP, especially in elderly patients. PMID- 6800034 TI - Cytoplasmic calcium in the mediation of macula densa tubulo-glomerular feedback responses. AB - Within each nephron of the mammalian kidney, a feedback mechanism operating between the macula densa segment of the distal tubule and the afferent arteriole participates in the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. Retrograde microperfusion studies in rats were conducted to test the hypothesis that activation of macula densa cytoplasmic calcium is involved in the transmission of feedback signals to the vascular elements. Perfusion into distal tubules with a hypotonic solution (70 milliosmolar) elicited moderate decreases in glomerular pressure of 6 +/- 0.8 millimeters of mercury. With the addition of a calcium ionophore (A23187) glomerular pressure decreased by 16 +/- 1.1 millimeters of mercury. When a solution devoid of calcium but containing A23187 was used, the feedback response was inhibited. Thus, cytoplasmic calcium within the receptor cells may participate in the transmission of feedback signals to the contractile cells. PMID- 6800036 TI - Transmission of Oropouche virus from man to hamster by the midge Culicoides paraensis. AB - Oropouche virus (arbovirus family Bunyaviridae, Simbu serological group) was experimentally transmitted from man to hamster by the bite of the midge Culicoides paraensis. Infection rates and transmission rates were determined after the midge had engorged on patients with viremia. The threshold titer necessary to enable infection or transmission by the midges was approximately 5.3 log10 of the median lethal dose of the virus in suckling mice per milliliter of blood. Transmission was achieved 6 to 12 days after C. paraensis had taken the infective blood meal. This represents conclusive evidence of transmission of an arbovirus of public health importance to man by a member of the Ceratopogonidae family. PMID- 6800035 TI - Neutrophil activation monitored by flow cytometry: stimulation by phorbol diester is an all-or-none event. AB - The population dynamics of single-cell stimulation was analyzed by monitoring autofluorescence by flow cytometry. Stimulation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a decline in highly fluorescent cells (characteristic of resting neutrophils) and a corresponding increase in the number of weakly fluorescent cells (characteristic of activated neutrophils). Increasing concentrations of TPA caused increasing numbers of cells to shift from the highly fluorescent population to the weakly fluorescent population without the appearance of intermediate populations. Thus the neutrophil respiratory burst, a component of neutrophil cytotoxic response, is triggered in an all-or none fashion. PMID- 6800038 TI - Clinical undernutrition in the Kingston/St Andrew metropolitan area: 1967-1976. PMID- 6800044 TI - A simplified technique for the placement of permanent central venous catheters. PMID- 6800037 TI - Case report 172: pleomorphic liposarcoma, grade IV, of the soft tissue, arising in generalized plexiform neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6800043 TI - Occlusion of the vena cava in infants receiving central venous hyperalimentation. AB - During a five year period at UCLA Hospital, 118 Silastic, Broviac, central venous hyperalimentation catheters were inserted into 94 infants who were less than one year of age. The indications for total parenteral nutrition were malabsorption syndrome in 26, short bowel syndrome in 24, diarrhea in 15, nutritional support following operation in 11 and miscellaneous in 18. One hundren and two catheters were placed into the vena cava by way of the saphenous vein at the groin, and 16 were inserted through the external or internal jugular veins. The duration of catheter use varied from six to 925 days, a mean of 104 days. In six infants, obstruction of the vena cava developed, five in the inferior vena cava and one in the superior vena cava. Swelling of the extremity was minimal, and the thrombosis was insidious in each patient. None of the patients had pulmonary emboli. Although two of the six patients eventually died, in neither was thrombosis of the cava believed to be related. Thrombosis of the vena cava is a frequent sequela of long term central venous hyperalimentation in infants, but it is rarely fatal and produces remarkably few serious complications. PMID- 6800039 TI - Apnoeic diving safety - experimental approaches to oxygen augmentation. AB - Oxygen augmentation during ascent for distressed apnoeic divers has recently been both advocated and criticized. Experiments involving 111 apnoeic divers have been conducted, shedding light on diving safety when oxygen augmentation is used at the onset of the apnoeic black-out, and are summarized in this report. It is maintained that black-out sets in gradually during ascent, taking the form of progressive tunnel vision, leaving scope for rational action by a distressed diver before complete loss of consciousness. By triggering a device (e.g. a 50 - 100 ml syringe) loaded with oxygen by means of pressure or otherwise at the onset of symptoms of hypoxic black-out during a 10 m dive, unconsciousness is believed to be delayed. This is because it takes a diver 12 seconds to rise to the surface from 10 m, while the lung-brain circulation time, inferred from textbook lung-ear circulation times for oxyhaemoglobin, is approximately 5.2 seconds. Since the oxygen is injected into the trachea by force and because of simulated involuntary ventilatory activity which dynamically mixes mouth and alveolar gas during apnoeic diving stress, the injected oxygen is believed to be quickly delivered at the alveoli. Such gas injection was shown to raise the amount of oxygen available to the diver by 25 - 50%. Intrathoracic pressure increases could ensure delivery of enough oxygen to the capillaries to delay unconsciousness. Recommendations for using the syringe at present apply only to 10 m dives and do not exclude use of other safety devices currently in use by divers or envisaged for their safety. PMID- 6800042 TI - Strategies for prevention of hepatitis B as a sexually transmitted disease. AB - In industrialized western nations where sexual contact is a predominant mechanism of transmitting hepatitis B, benefit:cost models can be developed to indicate when testing of immunity (for susceptibility) would be worthwhile in order to target immunization to high-risk groups and extend the supplies of vaccine. Promiscuous male homosexuals illustrate one end of the spectrum in priority for immunization and screening tests. They are at high risk and at least 50% will be found seropositive for a marker of prior infection and thus do not need immunization. At the other end of the spectrum are populations of typical volunteer blood donors with neither sufficient risk to justify immunization nor a high enough prevalence of seropositive individuals ( less than 10%) to justify screening. An intermediate group, requiring screening tests for selective immunization, would be promiscuous heterosexuals attending venereal disease clinics. Aggressive immunization of sexually promiscuous adults will have major impact in western nations, whereas the newborn must remain the focus of immunization progrmas in areas of the world where hepatitis B virus is endemic. PMID- 6800041 TI - Clinical spectrum of infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The traditional view that infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae are predominantly symptomatic in men and predominantly asymptomatic in women has arisen from studies conducted in sexually transmitted disease clinics, which, by their nature, examine men with symptoms and women without symptoms. Recent studies have shown that most men and woen who are infected with N. gonorrhoeae develop symptoms as a result of that infection. These same studies have shown that a minority of patients develop asymptomatic gonococcal infection. Since asymptomatically infected men and women are less likely to seek treatment, they have a much longer duration of infection than do their symptomatic counterparts. Asymptomatically infected men and women thus accumulate, so that at any given time most of the men and women in the population who are infected with N. gonorrhoeae have no symptoms. PMID- 6800040 TI - Adult-onset ceroid lipofuscinosis. PMID- 6800045 TI - Serum albumin levels as an index of nutritional support. PMID- 6800047 TI - [Health for everybody in the year 2000]. PMID- 6800046 TI - A comparison of the effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin and azidocillin on postoperative complications after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. AB - Postoperative complications after surgical removal of mandibular third molars are still a clinical problem. Sixty patients undergoing operations for removal of an impacted third mandibular molar, were included in a double blind study. Phenoxymethylpenicillin 800 mg, azidocillin 750 mg, or placebo were given to the patients pre-operatively and then twice per day for the following seven days. The concentrations of phenoxymethylpenicillin and azidocillin in serum and alveolar serum were measured and the postoperative courses - pain, trismus, swelling and wound-healing - were recorded. The 40 patients in the antibiotic groups responded significantly better with respect to wound-healing than the 20 patients in the placebo group, and there were no differences between phenoxymethylpenicillin and azidocillin. Antibiotics significantly reduced pain on day 7 postoperatively. There were no differences between antibiotic groups and placebo with respect to trismus and swelling. When the dental alveolar serum concentrations of phenoxymethylpenicillin 3.0 microgram/ml and azidocillin 7.9 microgram/ml were related to their range of inhibitory concentrations for microorganisms isolated from orofacial infections, it was noticed that the two drugs achieved levels sufficient to inhibit most strains. The effect of phenoxymethylpenicillin and azidocillin on postoperative infections can be of value after traumatic oral surgery or after operations on patients especially susceptible to infections. PMID- 6800048 TI - Effects of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by arachidonic acid and other aggregating substances. AB - The effects of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), prostaglandin (PG) H2, and a stable PGH2 analog, were studied in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) from the rabbit. Incubation of either steroid in PRP inhibited AA-, collagen- and ADP-induced platelet aggregation in a concentration-related manner. The dose of methylprednisolone required to inhibit 0.02 mM AA-induced aggregation was lower than that required to inhibit either 0.08 microgram/ml collagen or 0.2 microM ADP-induced aggregation. Methylprednisolone produced a dose-dependent inhibition of platelet aggregation induced by PGH2 and the stable PGH2 analog. In washed platelets methylprednisolone was more effective in inhibiting AA-induced aggregation than ADP- or collagen-induced aggregation; however, the difference in effect was less than in PRP. Platelet responses to AA in PRP from rabbits treated with hydrocortisone or methylprednisolone, 100 mg/kg i.v., were inhibited in a transient manner, whereas aggregation induced by ADP under similar conditions was unchanged. Since inhibition of aggregation elicited by AA occurred at concentrations which do not influence PGH2-, PGH2 analog-, collagen- or ADP induced aggregation, the present data suggest that the steroids may inhibit the incorporation, the release, or the metabolism of arachidonic acid in platelets. The actual mechanism of this relatively specific inhibition of AA-induced aggregation by anti-inflammatory steroids is uncertain but may be related to the membrane "stabilizing" properties of methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone. PMID- 6800049 TI - HLA antigens and factor VIII antibody in classic hemophilia. European study group of factor VIII antibody. AB - Possible interrelations between the immune response factor VIII and the major histocompatibility system were investigated in 57 multi-transfused hemophilic brothers belonging to 26 families. Linkage appears very unlikely although formal proof of independence cannot be offered. The HLA system, therefore, does not provide markers predictive for the development of antibodies to factor VIII in severe hemophilia A. PMID- 6800051 TI - Rabbit antibodies against the procoagulant activity (VIII:C) of human factor VIII. Some theoretical and practical considerations on the human factor VIII molecule using heterologous antibodies. AB - The procoagulant activity VIII:C was separated from factor VIII antigen (VIIIR:Ag) by gel filtration in the presence of 0.25 mol/l calcium chloride. Antibodies (anti-VIII:C) were obtained by immunization of rabbits with VIII:C. The last step of the purification procedure of antibodies consists of an adsorption on VIIIR:Ag-Sepharose 2 BCL as immunoadsorbent to remove contaminating traces of antibodies against VIIIR:Ag. The anti-VIII:C titer remains unchanged during this adsorption (29 Bethesda units per mg). In solution, anti-VIII:C neutralizes factor VIII activity (in plasma, cryoprecipitate or in purified form) and the fragment VIII:C without reacting with VIIIR:Ag. Once immobilized on a solid matrix, i.e. 2% agarose, it loses over 95% of its inhibitory capacity. The immobilized anti-VIIIR:Ag binds stoichiometrically the antigen and the activity of plasma factor VIII. These results together suggest that factor VIII is composed of 2 different entities, but undissociated under physiological conditions. Immunophysical analyses as a function of pH and temperature of anti VIII:C and its complex with factor VIII show properties similar to those of homologous antibodies. The antigen determinants of VIII:C (VIII:CAg) are destroyed at low pHs or high temperatures, and VIII:C can no more form a complex with anti-VIII:C. Purified anti-VIII:C is also used in a two-stage assay to detect VIII:CAg or cross-reacting material in some severe haemophiliacs. PMID- 6800050 TI - Circulating immune complexes pre and post clotting factor infusion in hemophilia. PMID- 6800052 TI - Transitoriness of the alteration of factor VIII in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6800053 TI - Changes in granulocyte fibrinolytic activity (FA) induced by in vivo treatment with lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) PMID- 6800054 TI - Haemostatic studies on retinal vein occlusion. Fibrinolytic response to venostasis as a prognostic factor for spontaneous recanalization. PMID- 6800057 TI - Antithrombin III levels during heparin therapy. PMID- 6800056 TI - Increased platelet phospholipase activity in diabetic subjects. PMID- 6800055 TI - Effect or oral contraceptives on antithrombin III. PMID- 6800058 TI - F VIII:CAg in Haemophilia A. A comparison between IRMA:s using haemophilic and spontaneous antibodies. PMID- 6800059 TI - A convenient, rapid fluoroimmunoassay for factor VIII related antigen. PMID- 6800060 TI - HLA antigens and arthritis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. PMID- 6800061 TI - Freeze-fracture analysis of gap junction disruption in rat ovarian granulosa cells. PMID- 6800062 TI - Ultrastructural and cytochemical study on the enzyme gland of the foot of a mollusc. AB - The enzyme gland of the foot of the mussel Mytilus has been so far considered a gland producing and exporting a phenol oxidase catalysing the general tanning processes of byssus threads. In contrast, the present study shows that this gland produces mainly secretory granules which form the cortical layers of byssus threads. Cytochemical methods at the ultrastructural level (phosphotungstic acid at low pH, silver methenamine, periodic acid-thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate, silver methenamine for sulphur-rich proteins demonstration) and enzyme digestion tests (pepsin, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin) indicate that secretory granules contain glycoproteins rich in sulphydryl groups and in aromatic amino acids. The cytochemical demonstration of phenol oxidase shows that enzyme activity is present in Golgi complex, whereas it is absent in secretory granules. For this reason, phenol oxidase does not seem to be exported and utilized for tanning of byssus threads, but it might rather be involved in the elaboration and tanning of the content of the secretory granules in the enzyme gland itself. PMID- 6800063 TI - Human specific antigens and species difference in non-hemoglobin proteins of red cell lysate. AB - Non-hemoglobin proteins (NHPs) of 12 species of mammalian were effectively isolated from red cell lysates with CM-Sephadex chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis demonstrated that human and monkey NHPs had 13 and 11 bands, respectively, but guinea pig and swine two to three bands. Rabbit anti human NHP reacted with monkey, bovine, canine and badger as well as human. Absorption of the anti-NHP with monkey NHP resulted in preparing human specific anti-NHP. The specific antiserum gave two bands locating near the origin in immunoelectrophoresis. Human specific antigens were prepared by affinity chromatography with the anti-NHP. The antigens were composed of three bands, two of which had slightly faster mobility than carbonic anhydrase and the other migrated fastly on disc electrophoresis. These bands were proved to have neither LDH nor esterase activity. PMID- 6800064 TI - [Study of three biocides (dimethoate, parathion ethyl and zineb) on female rat neuro endocrinological balance (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied the neuro endocrinological effects of three pesticides. Two of them were organophosphorus compounds (ethyl parathion and dimethoate) and one was a carbamate (zineb). Mature female rats have been orally administered these compounds for 16 days at respectively 1/25, 1/10 and 1/10 of the LD50. The parameters recorded are: the gonadotropins, the length of estrous cycle and the weight of the anterior pituitary gland, the ovaries and the uterus. In contradistinction with the organochlorine compounds the organophosphorus did not induce any disturbances in the neuro endocrinological system, whereas the carbamate compound decreased the pituitary gonadotropins. PMID- 6800065 TI - Teratogenesis studies with EDTA and its salts in rats. PMID- 6800066 TI - Disposition of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in occupationally exposed persons. PMID- 6800067 TI - 2,3,6,2',3',6'-hexachlorobiphenyl: distribution, metabolism, and excretion in the dog and the monkey. PMID- 6800069 TI - In vivo diminution by chelators of snake venom-provoked hemorrhage and in vitro inhibition of proteolytic activity. PMID- 6800070 TI - Promoting effect of testosterone propionate on experimental exocrine pancreatic tumors by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in rats. AB - A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide in a dose of 9 mg/kg induced exocrine adenomas of the pancreas in a significantly higher rate in male than in female rats. Castration following HAQO administration diminished the incidence of the pancreatic tumors in male rats. A combined treatment with castration and weekly injections of testosterone propionate in a dose of 1 mg/rat after HAQO administration resulted in high incidence of the pancreatic tumors in both sexes. From these findings, it is concluded that testosterone can promote the induction of the pancreatic tumors in rats by HAQO. PMID- 6800072 TI - Neonatal transmission of T. cruzi in Calomys callosus (Rodentia) PMID- 6800071 TI - Induction of group-1 and group-2 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in microsomes from the livers of C57 Bl/6 mice. AB - In a study of multiple forms of liver microsomal UDPglucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.17) with different substrate specificities, enzyme induction was examined in inducible C57 Bl/6 mice pretreated with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene, Aroclor 1254, safrole, beta-naphthoflavone, and pregnenolone-16-alpha carbonitrile. Phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene were much more potent inducers than the other four compounds. 3-methylcholanthrene stimulated the glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol, 4-bromophenol, and 4-chlorophenol ("group-1' substrates) more than phenobarbital, whereas phenobarbital stimulated the glucuronidation of 4-hydroxyphenobarbital, menthol, eugenol, 4-hydroxybiphenyl, morphine, 1-borneol, 4-hydroxyphenytoin, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol ("group-2' substrates). This pattern is analogous to that previously observed in rat-liver microsomes. PMID- 6800075 TI - Tataguine virus isolations from humans in Nigeria, 1971-1975. PMID- 6800068 TI - Some factors regulating [1-14C] acetate incorporation into aflatoxins by spheroplasts and spheroplast lysates from Aspergillus. PMID- 6800073 TI - The direct agglutination test for chronic Chagas's disease. The effect of pre treatment of test samples with 2-mercaptoethanol. AB - The relative sensitivity and relative specificity of the direct agglutination (DA) test for the diagnosis of human Trypanosoma cruzi infection were studied in human serum samples, with and without previous treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), which were obtained from different areas of Brazil. Results obtained with these tests were related to those obtained with the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and indirect haemagglutination (IHA) tests. The DA test results from the sample not previously treated with 2-ME did not agree with those from the IIF and IHA tests. On the other hand, the DA test results from the sample previously treated with 2-ME agreed significantly (99.22%) with those from the IIF and IHA tests. PMID- 6800074 TI - Effect of sodium cyanate on Trypanosoma cruzi in culture. PMID- 6800077 TI - Transplantation in miniature swine. X. Evidence for non-SLA-linked immune response gene(s) controlling rejection of SLA-matched kidney allografts. AB - The survival of renal allografts between SLA-matched swine has been found to be subject to non-SLA-linked Ir gene control. Using three herds of miniature swine, each homozygous for a different SLA haplotype (designated aa, cc, and dd, respectively), we initially observed that all animals of the c haplotype rejected SLA-matched renal allografts. In contrast, the subset of dd animals which were the product of continuous homozygous matings since establishment of the dd herd (ddR) accepted SLA-matched grafts indefinitely without any immunosuppression. A formal backcross study was therefore performed in which offspring of (cd x ddR) matings (designated cdbc and ddbc) were bilaterally nephrectomized and transplanted with SLA-matched renal allografts. Acceptors and rejectors were found among both backcross types, with a total of 6 of 17 (35%) of the animals dying of renal failure secondary to rejection. When ddbc animals were used as donors for ddR recipients, all grafts were accepted, ruling out the possibility that rejection was attributable to strong non-SLA antigens segregating within the cc herd. These results are consistent with a model in which rejection of SLA matched renal allografts is controlled by either one or two non-SLA-linked immune response genes. These findings raise the possibility that the observed 5 to 15% frequency of rejection of HLA-identical living related donor renal allografts in man could involve similar immune response gene control. PMID- 6800078 TI - How quickly does "vascularization" of isolated adult pancreatic islets occur? PMID- 6800076 TI - Sickle cell trait and the immune response to meningococcal vaccines. PMID- 6800080 TI - Renal preservation with gaseous perfusion. PMID- 6800079 TI - Kidney transplantation using donor-specific blood transfusions despite Rh incompatibility. PMID- 6800081 TI - Hybrid (combinatorial) Ia antigens mediate histoincompatibility, auto and alloreactivity, and immune recognition. PMID- 6800083 TI - The detection of weak allogeneic stimulation by DR-positive tumor cell lines. PMID- 6800082 TI - The immunogenic and tumorigenic properties of a murine lymphoma that expresses foreign alloantigens: role of helper factor(s) in generating a cytotoxic response in vitro. PMID- 6800084 TI - [Dynamics of asparaginase and adenosine deaminase activity in the liver with intraperitoneal administration of aminosol and amikin preparations of parenteral nitrogen nutrition]. AB - In experiments with mongrel male rats the asparaginase and adenosine deaminase activities in the liver tissue and adenosine deaminase in blood serum were determined under different conditions of parenteral nutrition. The intraperitoneal administration of the preparations of parenteral nitrogen nutrition-aminosol and amikin (0.25 g of conditioned protein per 100 g of body weight) against a background of protein deficiency and exhaustion is shown to cause no changes as compared to the control of these enzymes activity in the liver tissue and blood serum. The asparaginase activity in the liver increases noticeably with the dose of aminosol and amikin up to 0.5 g of conditioned protein per 100 g of body weight and the adenosine deaminase activity undergo no essential changes. A statistically significant decrease in the adenosine deaminase activity is observed only under administration of aminosol against a background of protein deficiency. Under oral feeding of rats with amikin in the composition of protein-free (0.5 g of conditioned protein per 100 g of body weight), as distinct from its parenteral administration, the asparaginase activity in the liver is considerably lower. The adenosine deaminase activity in the liver and blood serum is not practically changed. A part of the nitrogen excreted from the organism with urea and ammonia under protein deficiency is supposed to be a product of deamination of endogenic purine and pyrimidine derivatives. PMID- 6800085 TI - [Intra-arterial insufflation of CO2 in arterial insufficiency. Measurement of blood circulation in skin and muscle tissue]. PMID- 6800086 TI - [Insufflation of carbon dioxide. An alternative treatment in arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6800087 TI - [Clinical effect of intra-arterial insufflation of CO2 in the treatment of arterial insufficiency in the lower limbs]. PMID- 6800088 TI - [Ischemia of the lower limbs treated with intra-arterial CO2 insufflation]. PMID- 6800089 TI - Solitary caecal diverticulum. PMID- 6800091 TI - Bicarbonate generation and red blood cell (RBC) hypocapnia during acetate hemodialysis (AcHD). PMID- 6800090 TI - Single and sequential combination intravesical chemotherapy of murine bladder cancer. AB - We investigated the effectiveness of intravesically administered drugs on the tumor incidence and tumor size in a FANFT-induced animal model for bladder cancer. In the first experiment 106 C3H/He mice were divided into a control and three treatment groups. Therapy consisted of either cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP), mitomycin C, or thio-tepa. There was a reduction in the tumor incidence in all treated groups; this was statistically significant for those receiving mitomycin C (p less than 0.04) and DDP (p less than 0.001). No significant difference in the mean or median tumor weight (an index of tumor volume) between the treated and control groups was found. In a second experiment intravesical combination chemotherapy was compared to single-agent therapy. Animals received either doxorubicin hydrochloride (Adriamycin), mitomycin C, thio tepa, mitomycin C + doxorubicin, or mitomycin C + thio-tepa. Although there was no significant difference in tumor incidence among the groups with the exception of mice receiving thio-tepa, animals receiving sequential combination chemotherapy had lower mean and median bladder weights suggesting an improved therapeutic effect. PMID- 6800092 TI - A comparison of the respiratory dynamics during hemodialysis using acetate and bicarbonate dialysate in a sorbent regenerative system. PMID- 6800094 TI - Cryopreservation of whole pancreas versus islet cells. PMID- 6800093 TI - Hemodialysis associated in hypoxemia - role of acetate and pH in etiology. PMID- 6800095 TI - Low frequency positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2 removal (LEPPV-ECCO2R) in acute respiratory failure (ARF): technique. PMID- 6800097 TI - Ex vivo evaluation of a new capillary membrane oxygenator. PMID- 6800096 TI - Initial clinical experience with a microporous membrane oxygenator utilizing secondary flow in the blood channels. PMID- 6800098 TI - Evaluation of a membrane oxygenator for clinical cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6800099 TI - Reversal of terminal acute respiratory failure by low frequency positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal removal of CO2 (LFPPV-ECCO2R). PMID- 6800100 TI - Glutaraldehyde-treated xenocells: a specific adsorbent for complement factors. PMID- 6800101 TI - Synthesis of enzyme reactors consisting of xenocells. PMID- 6800102 TI - Arachidonic acid increases peritoneal clearances. PMID- 6800103 TI - [Diverticula of the stomach]. PMID- 6800107 TI - [The fundus oculi in hypertensive disease]. PMID- 6800105 TI - [Use of allergological diagnosis in the elimination of tuberculosis from poultry kept in a small flock]. AB - The use of intradermal tuberculinization during the sanitation of TBC-infected small flocks of poultry with the application of the elimination method depends on the extent to which the flock is infected. The results suggest that the elimination method can be recommended for practical use in cases of 5% to 10% incidence of reactions to avian tuberculin. Thorough sanitation of the environment after the elimination of the infected birds is an essential part of the elimination method. When the incidence of reagents to tuberculin was up to 5%, two thirds of the small flocks were successfully sanitated by the elimination of positive reagents in a single operation. In flocks with a positive-reaction incidence from 5.1 to 10%, the elimination method was successful in 84.7% of the treated stocks; in some cases the tuberculinization had to be repeated three times before an infection-free state was obtained. When the rate of positive reactions was above 20%, better results were obtained from a radical method based on the elimination of the poultry and sanitation of the environment. PMID- 6800108 TI - [Do we know everything about intramuscular injections?]. PMID- 6800104 TI - [Diagnosis of experimental bovine cysticercosis using the ELISA test]. AB - Seven calves of the Bohemian Spotted and Black-Pied Lowland breeds, aged two to three months and a half, were experimentally invaded per os with 5 000, 10 000, 25 000, 70 000, 95 000, 113 000 and 120 000 eggs of Taenia saginata. In the calf invaded with 70 000 eggs, antibodies were detected by the ELISA method already a week from invasion and in the remaining calves two to three weeks from invasion. The increase in the content of antibodies in the blood serum of the invaded animals was statistically significant from the fourth to the tenth week from invasion when the titre was 1 : 160 to 1 : 320 and when the measured extinction values ranged from 0.53 to 0.58. The antibody level remained significant and positive for seven months and a half to nine months. Clinical symptoms were observed in the calves invaded with 25 000 to 120 000 eggs for a period of 7 to 20 days from the 10th to 11th or 19th day after invasion. In the remaining calves the clinical symptoms were not significant. The post-mortal examination of four calves showed 2.1 to 3.9% of cysticerci from the applied eggs. The ELISA enzymatically immunological method, which was used for the first time in the Czech Socialist Republic in the case of cysticercosis, is suitable for detecting antibodies to the parasite Cysticercus bovis in the blood serum of calves experimentally invaded with the eggs of the tapeworm Taenia saginata. PMID- 6800106 TI - [Serological studies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages]. AB - Investigated were 11 phages isolated from lysogenic strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Based on the results of the neutralization test the phages were divided into 3 clearly distinguished groups. The first group embraced phages P28 and C18, the second one--phages 5118, 05, 14, and 141, and the third one--phages 159 and 32. Bacteriophages 10, 12, and 149 produced slightly manifested (23 to 43 per cent) neutralization with P28 and 5118 sera. High-titer and specific antiphage sera were obtained. PMID- 6800110 TI - [A recuperation method in cervical discopathies with signs of radicular compression]. PMID- 6800109 TI - [Iatrogenic disease of the pelvic bones in the child]. PMID- 6800111 TI - [Neurosis, a disease of civilization?]. PMID- 6800112 TI - [Special forms of respiratory and cardiac arrest]. PMID- 6800113 TI - [Incidence of late pregnancy complications]. PMID- 6800114 TI - [The sets of reagents: a modern, efficient method for laboratories of clinical biochemistry]. PMID- 6800115 TI - [Present coordinates of health education in the school]. PMID- 6800116 TI - [Health as a mode of existence]. PMID- 6800117 TI - [Risk factors in infant morbidity and mortality]. PMID- 6800118 TI - [Contact dermatitis]. PMID- 6800121 TI - [The history of venereal diseases in the classical studies of historians of Romanian medicine]. PMID- 6800122 TI - [Prevention of digestive diseases]. PMID- 6800119 TI - [Foreign bodies in E.N.T]. PMID- 6800120 TI - [The efficiency of health education in the prophylaxis of streptococcal angina in collectivities of preschool and school children]. PMID- 6800123 TI - [First aid in multiple trauma]. PMID- 6800124 TI - [Prevention and treatment of post-transfusional incidents and accidents]. PMID- 6800125 TI - [Considerations on combination treatment and its limits in re-education of cerebral motor handicapped patients]. PMID- 6800126 TI - [The pharmaceutical ancillary staff, an important factor in the field of health education]. PMID- 6800127 TI - ["The flying doctor" from the "Never-Never Land"]. PMID- 6800130 TI - Model for the Rh blood group system based on discontinuous gene structure. AB - A model of the Rh blood group system is proposed which is based on discontinuous gene structure. The R29 control subregion consists of a single exon flanked by introns. Following the R29 subregion, the R1 subregion exists as seven exon structures which alternate with introns. The expression of each exon is controlled by flanking introns. A separate exon-intron structure controls expression of the Rh: -1 phenotype. Differential gene expression is controlled by intron sequences and complementary splicer RNA sequences encoded by unlinked loci. PMID- 6800128 TI - Study of antibodies against viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in children with respiratory diseases. AB - Seroconversion to different viral, chlamydial, rickettsial and mycoplasma antigens was followed up in 134 children aged 0-6 years, hospitalized with different respiratory diseases. Parainfluenza viruses type 1, 2 and 3 and adenoviruses appeared to be involved in the etiology of most of the cases; respiratory syncytial virus was often found to play a role in pneumonia/bronchopneumonia and in "influenza-like illness", while chlamydiae and M. pneumoniae could be incriminated in cases of "influenza-like illness", as well as in the other categories of respiratory disease. Mixed infections with the agents studied could be detected. PMID- 6800129 TI - [Lysosomal enzyme activity in different clinical variants of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6800131 TI - Acute hepatitis non-A, non-B following administration of factor VIII concentrates. AB - A retrospective survey on clinical hepatitis in patients with bleeding disorders was performed. Nine episodes of hepatitis non-A, non-B occurred in 8 out of 20 patients (40%) with mild hemophilia A or von Willebrand's disease, who had been treated with commercial factor VIII concentrates. Only two episodes of hepatitis B occurred during the study period. The non-A, non-B attack rate after the first treatment was 40% with factor VIII concentrate obtained from large plasma pools (= 2,000 donors) including professional plasma donors as compared to 8% after treatment with factor VIII concentrate obtained from smaller (100-250 donors) plasma pools from Scandinavian donors. PMID- 6800133 TI - Protease modification enhances anti-D binding to nucleated red blood cell precursors. AB - Protease modification of nucleated red blood cell precursors resulted in significant enhancement of anti-D binding, indicating the presence of cryptic Rh determinants within the plasma membrane of the developing erythroid cell. Protease-modified nucleated precursor cells bound less anti-D than protease modified mature red blood cells, however, suggesting that the total content of D antigen in the developing erythropoietic plasma membrane is reduced. These findings support the hypothesis that the D antigen, an integral membrane protein, is progressively synthesized during erythropoiesis. PMID- 6800132 TI - Complement and Ig uptake by erythrocytes in low ionic strength solutions. AB - We studied the uptake of immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement from plasma by red blood cells (RBC) under low ionic strength (LIS) conditions using Rh-negative RBC and anti-Rh antibodies. The ionic strength of plasma/RBC mixtures was lowered by dialysis against 5% mannitol, pH 6.0. The studies revealed that bromelin-modified RBC failed to bind either Ig or complement in low ionic strength conditions, but that unmodified RBC bound the majority of anti-D. The bound anti-D (consisting of IgG1, IgG3, IgA, and IgM molecules) could be eluted into 0.9% NaCl yielding a higher recovery of antibody than that obtained by specific absorption-elution techniques. Although uptake of Ig by RBC was independent of complement activation, the subsequent elution of bound Ig into normal ionic strength solutions was not. Small amounts of Ig remained on EC43 and EC4, but not on RBC that did not become complement sensitized during low ionic strength exposure. These findings suggest that Ig remained attached to RBC via a complement-RBC bond. PMID- 6800135 TI - [Diagnosis and clinical aspects of ischemic strokes with a pseudotumor course]. PMID- 6800136 TI - [Significance of mycobacterial L forms in the development of pulmonary tuberculosis relapses]. PMID- 6800138 TI - Intestinal protozoan and helminthic infections. PMID- 6800137 TI - [Lithium carbonate in the preparation of patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis for strumectomy]. PMID- 6800139 TI - Research on the menopause. PMID- 6800134 TI - Factors influencing changes in pH during storage of platelet concentrates at 20 24 degree C. AB - The magnitude of the pH change during platelet concentrate storage at 20-24 degree C in polyvinyl chloride containers is not determined solely by platelet count per cubic millimeter of plasma, since a wide variation in pH was observed with similar platelet concentrations. In modified platelet concentrates having lost through centrifugation 3-15% of total platelets and 61-92% of residual leukocytes, the pH was maintained at substantially higher levels than in the paired control platelet concentrates. Leukocyte levels do not appear to determine the magnitude of the pH fall. Continuous oxygen utilization is needed if the pH is to be maintained near 7.0. However, oxygen tension per se is not the factor which influences the extent of pH change. It has been concluded that a specific platelet subpopulation comprising a small proportion of the total platelets in concentrates and having an enhanced capacity to form lactate may be responsible for a major part of the pH reduction which occurs during storage of many platelet concentrates. PMID- 6800140 TI - Diverticula of the upper gastrointestinal system. PMID- 6800141 TI - Management of postoperative gastrointestinal fistula. PMID- 6800145 TI - [Programmed insulin infusion as an attempt at long-term therapy of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6800143 TI - [Cases from the edema consultation]. PMID- 6800144 TI - Clinical disturbances in phosphate metabolism. PMID- 6800146 TI - [Nutrient media for isolating gonococci and Trichomonas vaginalis]. PMID- 6800142 TI - Studies on microbial transformations. XVIII. Microbiological transformation of 1 alpha-santonin. AB - The microbial transformation of a sesquiterpene lactone, 1-alpha-santonin was carried out by Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL-B-1233. The product obtained from 1-alpha-santonin was purified using silica gel column chromatography with 1% acetone-benzene as the eluant. The molecular weight of the product was 248, estimated by mass spectroanalysis. The product was assigned the chemical structure of 1,2-dihydro-1-alpha santonin on the bases of 1H and 13C-NMR and mass spectroanalyses. Similar products were also obtained from other actinomycetes. The conversion of 1-alpha-santonin to 1,2-dihydro-1-alpha-santonin was 28% for Streptomyces roseochromogenes NRRL-B-1233, 14% for S. roseochromogenes ATCC 13400, 30.9% for S. aureofaciens KCC-S-0008, and 43.0% for S. aureofaciens KCC-S 0624, respectively. PMID- 6800148 TI - [Mucosal findings of duodenum in Waldenstrom's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800147 TI - [Generalization of an instrumental defensive conditioned reflex elaborated to electric stimulation of the hypothalamus in dogs]. AB - Generalization of defensive conditioned reflexes elaborated to electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) was studied in four dogs with electrodes implanted in various structures of the limbic system. Electrocutaneous stimulation was switched off when the dog lifted the foreleg to a definite level. Generalization of the conditioned reflex was manifested in different degrees when testing different formations of the limbic system, or testing one and the same structure, but at different stages of conditioning. Two types of generalization were found: the first one--a well pronounced motor reaction, by its latency, level and duration of lifting the foreleg similar to movements appearing in response to the conditioned stimulus; and the second one--low amplitude or short term movements differing from conditioned ones. The first type of generalization was observed in response to stimulation of LH, contralateral to the point of signal stimulation, of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, the mammillary bodies and the basal, lateral and to a lesser degree, the central nucleus of the amygdaloid complex; the second type--in response to stimulation of the ventral hippocampus, the medial and lateral septum nuclei. PMID- 6800149 TI - [Results from the Central Laboratory for Streptococci Research in Kiel from 1965 to 1980 - group D-streptococci (enterococci) (author's transl)]. AB - In accordance with previous papers published within a series of publications which describe the results obtained from the Central Laboratory for Streptococcal Research in Kiel (1. Survey, 2. Mastitis-Streptococci) the group of Enterococci is discussed herewith. On the basis of more than 6000 strains which are stored in our databank including all biological characteristics, the distribution of the cultural, biochemical and serological parameters is listed in percentages, and the usefulness and reliability for the identification of the enterococcal group and also the differentiation of particular species is discussed. The results are tabulated for every single species and additionally, for serologic-positive and negative strains. For example, it can be shown that a third of all Str. faecium strains are motile, that lack of growth at 45 degrees C varies between 1.1% and 31.3% and that lack of serological reaction with group D-serum between 0.9% and 70%. In a comprehensive table and flow diagram these figures result in a proposal for a simple but sufficient identification procedure on different stages (enterococci, faecalis- or faecium-group, single species) depending on the individual requirements. With regard to the incidence of enterococci in man and animals, which was presented in the first paper, the organ sources of the different species are compared now. Apart from some interesting findings it can be stated that a typical predominance of the faecalis and faecium-group resp. in man or animals cannot be confirmed. But there seems to be a relation between the species and the organ source. For example, in humans the faecium-group predominates in the respiratory tract, but in the urogenital tract the presence of Str. faecalis is seven times higher than the faecium-group. The above results may also be of interest for ecological reasons and may be important for the pathogenesis and epidemiology of this streptococcal group. PMID- 6800150 TI - Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide on phytohaemagglutinin induced lymphocyte transformation. AB - Examination of the mitogenic response of lymphocytes in 50 blood samples from 17 patients suffering from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection and on 5 occasions from 5 healthy persons revealed that a Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharide unfamiliar to the lymphocytes decreased, whereas the purified O-antigen of the infection causing Pseudomonas serogroup increased the effect of phytohaemagglutinin on parallel lymphocyte cultures prepared from the same blood samples during the whole infectious process. After complete recovery, however, the lipopolysaccharide of the infection causing P. aeruginosa strain inhibited again the phytohaemagglutinin response as if the lymphocytes had never met it. The model seems to offer a possibility to follow up in vivo the signs of the changes in the cellular background during the reaction given on Pseudomonas lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 6800151 TI - Transduction of amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa with phage F 116 and AP 19, a new wildtype phage. AB - Amikacin-, tobramycin-, gentamicin- as well as carbenicillin-resistance has been found to be transducible, in various combinations of spectra both with the phage F 116 propagated on an Amikacin-resistant wild-type strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (No. BE 11) and with the phage AP 19 isolated from a different Amikacin-resistant strain (No. 578). Both strains were found to transfer Amikacin resistance genes presumably by conjugation thus possessing an R plasmid coding for multiple antibiotic resistance. Evidence is presented that classical as well as wild-type phages may acquire and transmit antibiotic resistance genes among pseudomonads. This is particularly significant in view of the importance to preserve Amikacin as an effective reserve antibiotic for treatment of poly resistant infections including those caused by P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6800152 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of the effect of sucrose in a new anaerobic blood culture medium. AB - In order to study the effect of excess sucrose on microorganisms, growth curves of 5 anaerobic and 5 aerobic microorganisms were performed in Diagnostic Anaerobic Growth (DAG) medium, and in a variant of DAG supplemented with 200 g/l sucrose (DAG-S). It was found that both aerobes and anaerobes were suppressed by the additional sucrose. In a clinical trial 1,800 blood cultures froms 1,332 patients were simultaneously inoculated into DAG and DAG-S. Results showed that excess sucrose did not improve the yield of anaerobic or aerobic microorganisms and rather tended to inhibit their growth. The only microorganisms which possibly benefitted from DAG-S were some Enterobacteriaceae species. PMID- 6800156 TI - Plasma levels of progesterone and oestradiol 17-beta in growing buffalo heifers. PMID- 6800160 TI - [Thermo-inactivation of viruses with microwaves]. PMID- 6800158 TI - Comparison of different treatments of atrial fibrillation in the horse. PMID- 6800153 TI - Frequency of the Aspergillus flavus in some sensoric unchanged foodstuffs. AB - By aid of a direct inoculation method it was followed the frequency of Aspergillus flavus - colony forming units in 11,526.5 p (100%) of 55 samples of some basic sensoric unchanged foodstuffs (cereal instant gruels 21%, milk powder 49%, pudding powders 7%, meal 9% and tea, coffee, cacao 12%) and inner contamination by A. flavus in 22,017 pieces of nuts and grains. It was found, that A. flavus colony forming units falls in Czechoslovak Socialistic Republic on the average on 7.2 g of the sample of crisp consistency (the least 0 colony/3.24%) of the investigated grains and nuts. PMID- 6800159 TI - Internal hydrocephalus of suspected infectious origin in young dogs. PMID- 6800154 TI - [Demonstration of phytoestrogens in feed plants and hops by means of receptor test]. PMID- 6800155 TI - [Trisetum flavescens: demonstration of an active water-soluble substance]. PMID- 6800157 TI - Pharmacokinetics and protein binding of three sulfonamides in sheep. PMID- 6800161 TI - [Role of Streptococcus salivarius in maintaining the ecologic balance of the human nasopharynx]. AB - Most of Str. salivarius strains isolated from the nasopharynx of healthy persons suppressed the growth of meningococci in vitro. Their antagonistic activity varied within a wide range, which suggested that different strains were unequal in their capacity for protection from meningococcal infection. The monthly comparison of the activity of various strains also allowed revealing considerable differences. These results confirm the earlier hypothesis on the decisive role of Str. salivarius in the protection of the nasopharynx from colonization by meningococci. PMID- 6800162 TI - [Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs caused by meningococci]. AB - The sensitization of guinea-pigs with the mixture of meningococci and heterologous-cerebral tissue commonly induces the development of the typical clinical and pathomorphological picture of allergic encephalomyelitis. Unlike Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other acid-resistant bacterial and much like Bordetella pertussis, meningococci are capable of inducing allergic encephalomyelitis when introduced in mixture with oil without cerebral tissue. The vaccinal strain induces allergic encephalomyelitis with a more moderate course of the disease. PMID- 6800163 TI - [Protease activity of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different sources]. PMID- 6800164 TI - [Serologic shifts in food poisoning by 1 and 2 infectious agents]. AB - Features of serological shifts in patients with alimentary toxicoinfections (ATI) caused by one infective agent (E. coli, staphilococci, Proteus, enterococci) and by two infective agents in various combinations have been studied. The suppression of immunogenesis has been found to be most pronounced in patients having ATI mixed according to agglutinin titers to the autostrains of infective agents. The features of serological shifts in mixed ATI should be taken into consideration in evaluating the diagnostic significance of this reaction in the time course of the disease. PMID- 6800165 TI - [Production and experimental testing of the polyvalency of corpuscular vaccine for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections II. Experimental testing of the immunogenicity of polyvalent corpuscular Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccine]. AB - Newly developed P. aeruginosa vaccine has been shown to be safe and apyrogenic for experimental animals. Immunization with the vaccine in a single injection of 0.5 ml has been found to ensure the protection of 80--98% of mice from lethal infection caused by virulent vaccine strains, with the exception of P. aeruginosa strain No. 1311, for 9 weeks. Immunity to P. aeruginosa strain No. 1311 develops only by day 56 after vaccination. No sharp correlation between the specific agglutinin level and the degree of protective effect induced by the immunization of animals with the polyvalent vaccine has been established. The vaccine has been shown to possess high immunogenicity in respect to clinical P. aeruginosa strains belonging to different serotypes (homo- and heterological vaccine strains). PMID- 6800167 TI - Investigation of histamine-antihistamine differentiation ability of Tetrahymena receptors, by means of lectins and antihistamine antibodies. AB - Histamine antagonists bind to the histamine receptors of Tetrahymena, and their presence can be shown by immunocytofluorimetry. The binding of histamine is inhibited by antagonists structurally similar to histamine, regardless whether they bind to H1 or H2 receptors, but it is not inhibited by phenindamine, a compound structurally highly different from histamine. That part of H1 receptor which binds to both concanavalin A (con-A) and histamine probably contains primarily simple sugars, and secondly, glycosamine oligomers. At the H2 binding sites, on the other hand, acetylgalactosamine and its derivatives dominate. The present findings in the light of earlier functional experiments, suggest that in Tetrahymena, binding and effect are separated from each other to a certain degree. PMID- 6800168 TI - Studies on genetical effect of pesticides in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The toxicity and mutagenicity of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene (TCB), 1,4,5 trichloro-2,6-nitrobenzene (TCNB), pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB), methyl-l (butyl-carbamoyl)-2-benzimidazole carbamate (BENOMYL) fungicides and dimethy 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-terephthalate (DCPA) herbicide were studied. The test compounds were administered by larval feeding. Benomyl was found to be the most toxic compound, its LC50 value was 0.24 mM. DCPA had no toxic effect in the 0.1- 10 mM concentration range. The sex-linked recessive lethal was used for detection of genetic end point. No significant increase in mutation frequency was observed after the larvae had been fed on media containing pesticides under the LC50 concentration. PMID- 6800166 TI - [Evaluation of the toxic effects of preventive and therapeutic preparations in transplantable cell cultures from different species and of different origins. I. Demonstration of the toxic properties of commercial batches of adsorbed DPT vaccine in cell cultures]. AB - Continuous cell cultures are sensitive test systems used not only for the determination of the toxicity of diphtheria exotoxin, but also for revealing the toxic properties of adsorbed DPT vaccine. Morphological changes induced by the action of diphtheria exotoxin and adsorbed DPT vaccine in the cultures of L929, HeLa, FL, L132 and monkey tonsil cells are similar in character. The effect produced by the diphtheria exotoxin and adsorbed DPT vaccine on cell cultures may be characterized as toxic, subtoxic and minimal. Nevertheless, even in the cultures treated with minimal concentrations the pathological state of the cells can be detected in the next 2 or 3 serial subcultures. PMID- 6800169 TI - Is the human trophoblast in vitro an adaptive tissue for immunological influences? AB - The role of the extra-embryonic organs (e.g. placenta) in the feto-maternal immunological interactions is not clear. Trophoblast cells of human placenta were studied in vitro in relation to their adaptive capacities under the immunological influence of allogeneic leucocytes of pregnant women. It was shown that after an 18-h interaction some trophoblastic cells were still viable, they were rich in glycoproteins and RNA, and elicited a prominent activity of some enzymes. Mitosis was often seen. The authors suppose that the trophoblast is highly adaptable to some immunological influences in vitro. PMID- 6800170 TI - ATP-dependent proteolysis of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 6800172 TI - Genetic mechanism of blood group (ABO)-expression. AB - It has generally been believed that human blood group ABO is controlled by allelic ABO genes. However, this hypothesis has not yet been experimentally proven, and other possibilities such as the non-allelic gene model and the regulatory gene model for ABO locus have also been proposed. The genetic mechanisms of many unusual blood group expressions remain unanswered. Purification of human blood group N-acetylgalactosyltransferase (A-enzyme) which synthesizes A-substance, and blood group galactosyltransferase which is responsible for synthesis of B-substance, allows us to resolve these problems from an immuno-biochemical approach. It was found that rabbit antibody against-A enzyme completely neutralized not only A-enzyme but also B-enzyme activity. Moreover, plasma from blood type O subjects contained an enzymatically inactive but immunologically cross-reactive material (CRM). Plasma from heterozygous AO and BO subjects also contained CRM, but plasma from homozygous AA and BB subjects did not contain CRM. These facts led us to conclude that the ABO genes are allelic in the strict sense, refuting other genetic models for ABO locus. Genotypes of phenotype A and B subjects can be unequivocally determined by examining the presence or absence of CRM in their plasma. Mechanism of the unusual blood group inheritance of Cis-AB (i.e., AB and/or O childbirth from AB X O parent) was elucidated by examining properties of the A and B enzymes, CRM in their plasma, and separation of active enzymes and CRM by affinity chromatography. It became clear that Cis-AB expressions in one family was due to unequal chromosomal crossing-over producing a single chromosome with the genes for A and B enzymes. In contrast, in the other two unrelated families, the Cis-AB expression was due to a structural mutation in A or B gene producing a single abnormal enzyme which was capable of transferring both GalNAc and Gal to H substance. Mechanism of very weak B expression in a family with A1Bm character was studied. Plasma enzyme activity and kinetic characteristics of B-enzyme from the subjects was not different from that of normal. However, the A1Bm red cells contained a large amount of unoccupied H-sites which can be galactosylated in vitro and become B active. Examination of membrane components by isoelectric focussing revealed that blood group components of the A1Bm membranes were distinctively different from that of the usual membranes. Consequently, the weak B expression is not due to direct mutation of ABO locus, but due to a secondary consequence of genetic abnormality of a membrane component (or components) associated with blood group substances. PMID- 6800173 TI - Evaluation of a rapid fractionation procedure of rabbit reticulocytes after digitonin or hypotonic hemolysis for the study of enzyme and metabolite distributions. AB - A rapid centrifugation procedure following cell lysis with either digitonin or short hypotonic shock in EDTA containing solutions was evaluated, applicable for investigations of enzyme and metabolite compartmentations in intact rabbit reticulocytes. The application of the digitonin disruption seems to be restricted to cell suspensions containing up to 40% reticulocytes only, whereas the hypotonic lysis can be used with practically pure reticulocytes, too. The distribution of markers revealed that an almost complete cell disruption, sufficient separation into pellet and supernatant fraction and satisfactory preservation of mitochondrial intactness could be achieved under appropriate conditions. The suitability of the proposed method in studies on reticulocyte energy metabolism is further supported by the almost insignificant ATP splitting during the entire procedure. PMID- 6800171 TI - The carotid bodies of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): a functional and morphologic study. AB - The parameters of the acid-base-state of the arterial blood were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats of the Okamoto-strain (SHR) and in normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) of a random-bred strain. The animals were anaesthetized with chloralose-urethane and breathed normal air under sea-level conditions. Structure and size of their carotid bodies were studied by light-microscopic methods. When compared with the NWR, the SHR showed a respiratory alkalosis and enlarged carotid bodies. In the SHR, never in the NWR, the lumen of the branches of the glomic arteries was narrowed by pad-like structures. The data suggest that systemic hypertension leads to morphologically and functionally detectable alterations of both carotid body structure and function. The interdependence of arterial chemoreceptor activity, sodium household, and the adjustment of systemic arterial blood pressure is briefly discussed. PMID- 6800174 TI - [Trive 1000]. PMID- 6800176 TI - Regulation of glutamate oxidation in mitochondria of Bufo bufo blastulae. I. Mitochondria isolated by sucrose density gradient. PMID- 6800175 TI - Localization of aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase in the nervous system of normal and diabetic rats. AB - Intraneuronal accumulations of sorbitol and fructose have been postulated to predispose the nervous system to the cerebral edema associated with the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. In the present study, the enzymes of the pathway for the production of sorbitol and fructose, aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, were localized histochemically in brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve. Enzyme activity was limited to the choroidal epithelium, ependymal cells, and pia mater in normal, 2- and 10-week streptozotocin diabetic and vehicle treated rats. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was located in blood vessels and perineurium of the sciatic nerve in these groups of rats. Comparison of diabetic and vehicle groups did not demonstrate any alteration in the activity of either enzyme in the central nervous system. However, there was a decrease in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in the blood vessels in the sciatic nerve in 50% of the 10 week diabetic rats. PMID- 6800177 TI - Effect of anaesthesia on serum levels of LH and FSH in man with and without GnRH test. AB - The effect of anaesthesia with atropine and pentobarbital (PB) in three groups of volunteers has been tested. The dose used for the anaesthesia was 20 mg/kg body weight of PB. The experiment was performed with and without stimulation test with GnRH. Anaesthesia was shown to increase serum levels of LH and to increase the response to stimulation with GnRH. Atropine and mental stress seem to have no effect on the hormones. No variation in serum levels of FSH in the anaesthesized volunteers was noted. The data obtained have been statistically controlled. PMID- 6800178 TI - Gonadotrophin releasing hormone causes a biphasic secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone by cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells. AB - Primary monolayer cultures of adult male rat anterior pituitary cells secreted both LH and FSH in a biphasic manner when incubated with gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH). The peaks of secretion of LH and FSH were coincident: the first occurred between 15 and 30 min and the second between 1 and 3 h after the addition of GnRH. Approximately 20% of the total amount of gonadotrophins secreted in the 6 h treatment with GnRH was contained in the first peak. Inhibitors of the secretion of gonadotrophins affected LH and FSH secretion differently. Inhibin suppressed the secretion of FSH to a greater extent than that of LH, whereas testosterone and cycloheximide had a greater effect on LH. Neither phase of secretion of LH or FSH was reduced preferentially by inhibin or testosterone but the greater effect of cycloheximide was on the second phase of secretion. PMID- 6800181 TI - [Studies on rabbit factor VIII. Properties of high and low molecular weight factor VIII and their changes after DIC (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800179 TI - Platelet function and arachidonate metabolism in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6800180 TI - The analysis of platelet reaction, utilizing various inhibitors of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6800182 TI - Differential hemolysis test in the fetal- and adult-type human erythrocytes. PMID- 6800185 TI - A new familial defect of platelet release mechanism (the intracellular Ca++ transport defect?). PMID- 6800184 TI - Heterogeneity of factor VIII-related antigen in newborn cord blood. PMID- 6800188 TI - Chronic myelogenous leukemia in infancy and childhood: a 10-year study at New Delhi, India. PMID- 6800186 TI - Chemotherapy-radiotherapy versus chemotherapy in Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement. Retrospective analysis of 32 cases. AB - A retrospective analysis was performed on 32 patients suffering from Hodgkin's disease with bone marrow involvement treated between 1972 and 1976. After 6 courses of chemotherapy (MOPP for 25 patients), we observed 20 complete remissions (62.5%), 8 lymph node partial remissions (bone marrow sterilization but persistence of pathological lymph nodes) and 4 failures. among the 28 complete or partial responders, 17 received maintenance chemotherapy alone, 9 were submitted to 40 Gy and 2 to 20 Gy irradiations. 15 patients died and 8 relapses occurred - all in previously involved lymph node areas. Survival of complete and partial responders is significantly different (p = 0.01) according to whether they received maintenance chemotherapy alone (34.5%) or irradiation (75.7%). Disease-free duration is also significantly different (p = 0.05) according to whether the patients received maintenance chemotherapy alone (42.1%) or 40 Gy irradiation (100%). PMID- 6800187 TI - Radiosensitivity and recovery of two murine haemopoietic progenitor cell populations following gamma rays and neutrons. AB - Experiments measuring the sensitivity of mouse bone marrow stem cells (CFU-S) and granulopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-C) to gamma-rays and neutrons are described. Both populations are more sensitive to neutrons than to gamma-rays, and in each case CFU-S are more sensitive than CFU-C. The CFU-C (but not CFU-S) show a biphasic dose-response curve to gamma-rays, and the data suggest that 20-50% of CFU-C in normal mice are more resistant to gamma-rays than the rest, possibly due to hypoxia. This difference between the two cell populations may be related to differences in spatial location in the bone marrow. The recovery of these cells following gamma-rays is consistent with previous data which suggests that CFU-C are not self-maintaining, but require to be fed in from the stem cells. PMID- 6800183 TI - Studies on the pathophysiology and treatment of von Willebrand's disease. III. Binding of plasma factor VIII to platelets in the presence of ristocetin. PMID- 6800189 TI - Metabolism of ethanol by human bone marrow cells. AB - The ability of human bone marrow cells to metabolise has been studied. After incubation of suspensions of bone marrow cells with [1(-14)C] ethanol (0.1 mg/ml) for 1.5 h, radioactivity was present in the evolved CO(2) and in the cellular lipids. Only a part of the 14CO2 generated was dependent on the presence of contaminating blood cells in the marrow cell suspensions. These findings indicate that one or more cell types in the marrow are capable of oxidising ethanol to acetaldehyde and acetate. Our date raise the interesting possibility that the effects of chronic alcoholism on the bone marrow may not be caused by a direct action of ethanol, but may be related to some intracellular or extracellular changes resulting from the metabolism of ethanol within the marrow cells themselves. PMID- 6800190 TI - Serum ferritin levels in thalassemias and the effect of splenectomy. AB - Iron overload is a constant and the more important complication in thalassemia. Serum ferritin concentration accurately reflects body iron stores. A total of 245 thalassemic patients aged 12-55 years were examined, 71 having Hb H disease and 174 beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease. The patients received minimal or no blood transfusions. 73 patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E were studied 1-28 years after splenectomy. The serum ferritin levels in both Hb H and beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients were higher than normal. They were higher in beta-thalassemia/Hb E than Hb H disease. Most striking was the significantly higher serum ferritin levels in splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemia/Hb E disease than in the nonsplenectomized ones. The observation is compatible with previous observations that splenectomy in thalassemia is associated with increased iron deposition and increased transferrin iron saturation. The further increase in iron overload after splenectomy in thalassemia should be borne in considering removal of this organ. PMID- 6800191 TI - Quantification of platelet-associated IgG with competitive solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. AB - In order to measure platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG), we devised a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay employing a competitive binding of peroxidase-conjugated anti IgG antiserum between platelets and polystyrene tubes coated with IgG. The amounts of peroxidase bound to the tubes were measured in a spectrophotometer by an enzymatic reaction. This method is highly sensitive, reproducible and can be carried out more simply. the PAIgG values of normal controls averaged 21.6 +/- 6.6 (SD) ng/10(7) platelets. 27 (93%) of 29 patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), who had a platelet count of less than 15 X 10(4)/microliter, had PAIgG values greater than those of controls by 2 SD and averaged 205.5 +/- 323 ng. There was a significant inverse correlation between platelet count and PAIgG value of ITP patients. the PAIgG values of patients with aplastic anemia were within normal range. PMID- 6800193 TI - Pulmonal Mycobacterium intracellular infection in hairy-cell leukemia. AB - A case of fatal pulmonal infection with Mycobacterium intracellular in a patient with hairy-cell leukemia is reported. 2 years after diagnosis and splenectomy chronic fever and progressive infiltration of the superior lobe of the left lung developed. Direct microscopical examination of bronchial aspirate detected acid fast bacilli. Despite vigorous treatment with antituberculosis drugs the patient died shortly after the diagnosis of the infection. The bacteria were post mortem classified as Mycobacterium intracellulare, belonging to Runyon group III. The role of monocytopenia and/or depressed monocyte function in hairy-cell leukemia is discussed. PMID- 6800192 TI - The role of HF cofactor in the Hageman factor-dependent fibrinolytic mechanism. AB - In 1969, Ogston et al. reported that the normal activation of fibrinolysis by surface contact requires, in addition to Hageman factor and plasminogen, a HF cofactor which is present in the euglobulin fraction and other factor(s) present in the supernatant. It has also been suggested that the glass-treated plasma is deficient in HF cofactor, In our laboratory the glass-treated plasma was found not to be deficient in HF or in a streptokinase-activated proactivator or in plasminogen. The glass-treated plasma was found deficient in prekallikrein in kininogen and in clotting factors XI, IX, VIII and V. The results presented indicate that HF cofactor activity is not different from that of kallikrein and that HF cofactor does not act as a plasminogen proactivator. Furthermore, the results indicate that the "other factors' present in the supernatant are not involved in contact-activated fibrinolysis. PMID- 6800194 TI - Chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anemia terminating with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6800195 TI - Twenty years follow-up in a patient with multiple myeloma. PMID- 6800197 TI - A study of the conditions and accuracy of the thrombin time assay of plasma fibrinogen. AB - The conditions, accuracy, precision and possible error of the thrombin time assay of plasma fibrinogen are determined. Comparison with an estimation of clottable protein by absorbance at 280 nm gave a correlation coefficient of 0.96 and the regression line y = 1.00 x + 0.56 (n = 34). Comparison with a radial immunodiffusion method yielded the correlation coefficient 0.97 and the regression line y = 1.18 x = 2.47 (n = 26). The presence of heparin in clinically applied concentrations produced a slight shortening of the clotting times. The resulting error in the estimated concentrations of fibrinogen was too small to affect the clinical usefulness of the determinations. The influence of fibrin(ogen) degradation products was significant only in excessive amounts in samples containing low levels of fibrinogen. PMID- 6800196 TI - Reconsideration of quantitative phospholipid analysis in human gel-filtered blood platelets. AB - In the literature the values for phospholipid content and the pattern of human gel-filtered platelets diverge considerably. In order to find the possible reasons for these discrepancies, the separation of plasma constituents from gel filtered platelets and the influence of different extraction methods were reinvestigated. The critical point in phospholipid determination of platelets appeared to be the completeness of plasma lipid separation from platelets and not the extraction method. Avoiding contamination by plasma lipids the results with gel-filtered platelets correlated to that obtained with washed platelets. PMID- 6800198 TI - Phagocytosing neutrophils rapidly release a factor which inhibits granulopoiesis in vitro. AB - Phagocytosis of the heat-killed opsonised yeast, Candida guilliermondii, by human neutrophils resulted in the rapid release of a potent factor which suppressed granulopoiesis in vitro. The factor has been shown to act on monocytes and macrophages by inhibiting the production and release of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) which is the specific stimulator of granulocytic colony-forming cell (CFUc) proliferation in vitro. When added directly to target cells containing CFUc, the inhibitory factor had no effect on colony growth. The absence of detectable inhibitor in media conditioned for short periods with resting neutrophils or neutrophils challenged with unopsonised Candida which are not phagocytosed confirmed that active phagocytosis was the stimulus for inhibitor release. In further experiments, addition of endotoxin to the cultures was shown to suppress the inhibitory effect. We suggest that feedback inhibition of CSF production in vivo may be mediated by products derived from phagocytosing neutrophils. PMID- 6800201 TI - Effect of iron saturation on transferrin uptake by reticulocytes. A morphological study. AB - The presence of iron on the transferrin molecule increases its affinity for and sojourn time on the reticulocyte. This could be due to selective internalization of iron-containing transferrin molecules. This possibility was investigated by electron microscopic autoradiography. Rabbit reticulocytes were incubated with rabbit transferrin at 6, 33, and 72% iron saturations, and the distribution of transferrin molecules at membrane and intracellular locations was assessed by grain counting. The results showed that (1) both apotransferrin and iron transferrin enter the cell interior and (2) the amount of intracellular transferrin was primarily controlled by the concentration of membrane-bound transferrin and not by its iron saturation. PMID- 6800199 TI - Inhibition of CFUE and BFUE by mononuclear peripheral blood cells during chronic benzene treatment in rabbits. AB - Peripheral blood cells from untransfused rabbits that were treated with a moderate dose of benzene during 2 months were cocultivated with autologous and normal bone marrow. In a significant number of experiments, CFUE and BFUE growth of both autologous and normal bone marrow was suppressed. Further experiments showed that this inhibition was associated with adherent mononuclear peripheral blood cells. It is concluded that benzene, an established myelotoxic agent, also induces CFUE and BFUE inhibiting activity in adherent peripheral blood cells. PMID- 6800200 TI - T cell and monocyte requirements for erythropoiesis. AB - Progenitor cell fractions from normal human marrow have been prepared by a method that enables low numbers of cells to be cultured and results in very little T cell or monocyte contamination. The enrichment of 14- and 21-day BFU-E was similar to that for CFU-GM and the readdition of sheep red blood rosette-forming cells had no effect on BFU-E growth. The significance of the discrepancy in cellular requirements for the growth of blood and bone marrow BFU-E is discussed. PMID- 6800202 TI - Iron chelation in transfusion-dependent thalassemia with chronic hepatitis. AB - In this study maximum urinary iron elimination with continuous desferrioxamine subcutaneous infusion was obtained in thalassemia major patients with chronic persistent or active hepatitis with lower doses (60 mg/kg) than those necessary in patients without hepatitis (80 mg/kg). Since dose-response curves were highly variable the treatment schedule should be tailored to the individual needs of each patient. Both groups may achieve iron balance but chronic hepatitis patients have more frequently a net urinary iron excretion. In patients with chronic hepatitis no correlation was found between serum ferritin levels or serum ferritin/aspartate aminotransferase ratios and transfusional iron overload while serum ferritin/aspartate aminotransferase ratios were seen to be correlated with liver iron stores. PMID- 6800203 TI - Interference of serum tonicity with the measurement of red cell mean corpuscular volume. AB - When red cell mean corpuscular volume (MCV) is determined by use of the Coulter counter, the blood sample is first diluted in a solution with fixed osmolality (Isoton). Therefore we studied the interference of blood osmolality with MCV measured by this method. In 14 patients with hyposmolality, the correction of osmolality was accompanied by an increase in MCV of 4.7% (p less than 0.001) and a decrease in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of 4.8% (p less than 0.001). In 9 patients with hyperosmolality the decrease in MCV was of 5% (p less than 0.001) and the rise in MCHC of 4% (p less than 0.001) after osmolality correction. Before correction of hyposmolality, 1 patient had false microcytosis and 3 had masked macrocytosis. In the hypertonic group 3 patients has initially false macrocytosis. Red blood cells (RBC) from hypotonic patients probably shrink when they are acutely placed in the Isoton which is a hypertonic solution (330 mosm/kg H2O). Conversely RBC from patients with severe hyperosmolality swell in the same conditions. The patients osmolality must be considered to interpret the MCV measured by the Coulter counter correctly, as a 10-mosm/kg H2O change in serum osmolality is responsible for an artefactual change in MCV of 1 fl. PMID- 6800204 TI - Serum copper and zinc levels and copper/zinc ratio in pediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - 40 patients, 15 females and 25 males, with biopsy-proven non-Hodgkin's lymphoma within the age range of 2-16 years were included in this study. The mean serum zinc level in 38 untreated patients was 78.95 +/- 18.80 microgram % and significantly lower than in controls (p less than 0.001). The mean serum copper level in 40 untreated patients was 205.32 +/- 49.44 microgram % and significantly higher than in controls (p less than 0.001). The mean copper/zinc ratio in these patients was 2.75 and was found to be significantly higher than in controls (p less than 0.01). Copper levels were lower during remission (p less than 0.05). Our data indicate that serum copper levels and the copper/zinc ratio might be indicators for disease activity in children with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. PMID- 6800206 TI - A plasma factor inhibiting prostacyclin-like activity in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The plasma from a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura contained a low molecular weight dialysable factor which inhibited the synthesis and release or activity of prostacyclin-like activity from vascular tissue. This factor was not an immunoglobulin or complement component. Following fresh plasma infusions the ability of the patient's plasma to stimulate the release of prostacyclin-like activity returned but no clinical improvement occurred. PMID- 6800205 TI - Appearance of thrombocytopenia and benign monoclonal gammopathy following intake of drugs. PMID- 6800208 TI - Malformations of the eye resulting from maternal hypervitaminosis A during gestation in the rat. AB - Vitamin A (1--1.5 lac IU) was administered orally to pregnant Wistar rats on days 8--14 of gestation (sperm + = day 0). Fetuses collected on day 21 revealed several anomalies including those of the eyes, e.g. open eyelids, exophthalmia, cataractous lens, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. Histological examination of treated eyes revealed degenerative changes in the cornea, lens and retina; shallowness or obliteration of anterior and vitreous chambers, and complete fusion of various structures with each other in some cases of microphthalmia. Anophthalmic cases showed no trace of any ocular structure. Retinae showed remarkable infoldings. The degenerative changes in retinae were associated with degeneration of optic nerve fibres. Eye malformations induced by hypervitaminosis A were stage dependent and mostly found in groups treated on day 8 and 9 of gestation. Reported cases of anomalies in humans associated with hypervitaminosis A during pregnancy warn us against the uncritical use of high doses of vitamin A during pregnancy. PMID- 6800207 TI - [Central regulation of breathing in idiopathic scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - Idiopathic scoliosis is in nearly 80% associated with an EEG deviating from a normal pattern. Therefore a possible cerebral dysfunction as one of the etiologic factors in the development of idiopathic scoliosis is discussed. In consequence, we studied the central respiratory regulation in 26 patients with idiopathic scoliosis by means of CO2 response with the CO2 rebreathing technique, also vital capacity (VC), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), respiratory minute volume at 50, 60 and 70 mm Hg arterial pCO2 and EEG. The CO2-index (1/min/mm Hg CO2) was significantly lower in patients with idiopathic scoliosis (0.92 +/- 0.43) than in normals (1.5 +/- 0.3). The decrease of CO2-index is mainly associated with the smaller VC of the patients (76 +/- 26% of predicted). There is no sign of an additional influence of cerebral dysfunction. Patients with idiopathic scoliosis are able to utilize 70% of the individual breathing reserve like normals when stimulated with CO2. The EEG and the VC show a negative correlation. This may possibly be due to a compensation of the preexisting cerebral dysfunction. VC however decreases during the natural course of disease. No significant correlation could be found between CO2-index and the angle of scoliosis, indicating the absence of a causal relation between the degree of deformation itself and the function of the center of respiratory regulation. PMID- 6800209 TI - Review on epilepsy and memory in children. PMID- 6800210 TI - Memory impairment in children with epilepsy. PMID- 6800211 TI - Memory, anticonvulsant drugs and seizures. PMID- 6800212 TI - Some behavioral effects of antiepileptic drugs during acute and prolonged treatment in the rat. PMID- 6800213 TI - Rupture of the lateral ligaments of the ankle: operation or plaster cast? A propective study. AB - The material comprises 444 patients, aged 12-50 years, with acute sprain of the ankle, seen over an 11-month period (1.10. 1977 to 31.8. 1978). Clinical examination showed no rupture of the ligaments in 53. Arthrography in the remaining patients revealed rupture of the lateral ligaments in 209 (in two thirds of the anterior talofibular ligament and in one-third of the anterior talofibular as well as calcaneofibular ligament). Conservative treatment with a below-knee plaster cast for 5 weeks was employed in 107 patients, while 102 were treated surgically by suture of the ruptured ligament(s) and subsequently wore a below-knee plaster cast for 5 weeks. The follow-up 1 year after the accident was attended by 63 per cent of the patients. Good results were found in 76 per cent of those treated by plaster cast only and in 81 per cent of those treated by surgery. The difference is not statistically significant. PMID- 6800215 TI - Benign monoclonal gammapathy associated with increased risk of Fanconi syndrome. PMID- 6800214 TI - Positron emission tomography with 68Ga-EDTA compared with transmission computed tomography in the evaluation of brain infarcts. AB - The diagnostic value of positron emission tomography (PET) was evaluated in 41 examinations of 40 patients. 68Ga-EDTA was used as a positron source. The findings were correlated with those of conventional of CT scanning. A clearly pathologic accumulation of 68Ga-EDTA was detected in 29 of 41 PET scans. The precontrast CT scans were negative in 11 and non-conclusive in one patient. CT after administration of contrast medium was performed in 29 patients. Of these, 21 had a clearly pathologic PET scan and 14 had visible contrast enhancement on CT examination. The injury of the blood-brain barrier thus was better demonstrated with PET than with CT. The topologic diagnosis was, however, better demonstrated at CT. It seems that CT and PET are supplementary examinations and that PET is superior to CT in the detection of injury of or absence of the blood brain barrier. PMID- 6800216 TI - Influence of nitroglycerin on central haemodynamics and VA/QC of the lungs in the postoperative period after coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6800217 TI - Sustained effect of hydralazine in long term treatment of CHF. PMID- 6800218 TI - Captopril - an oral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor in CHF. PMID- 6800219 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of CHF. PMID- 6800220 TI - Critical role of midbrain reticular formation in the expression of dopamine mediated circling behaviour. PMID- 6800223 TI - The importance of being earnest with your antigens. PMID- 6800222 TI - IgM in the bovine immune system and its relevance to disease. PMID- 6800221 TI - Biosynthesis of riboflavin, folic acid, thiamine, and pantothenic acid. PMID- 6800224 TI - Approaches to vaccines against protozoan parasites of cattle. PMID- 6800225 TI - Relationship of humoral factors (antibody and complement) to immune responsiveness, resistance and diagnostic serology. PMID- 6800226 TI - Genetic aspects of disease resistance in cattle. PMID- 6800227 TI - Diversification of antibody genes through DNA rearrangements. PMID- 6800228 TI - Influence of centrally administered taurine on thermoregulation and fever. PMID- 6800229 TI - Taurine and Friedreich's ataxia: an update. PMID- 6800230 TI - What does taurine do? PMID- 6800231 TI - Taurine deficiency: a rationale for taurine depletion. PMID- 6800232 TI - Taurine nutrition in man. PMID- 6800234 TI - The genetics of transfer RNA in Drosophila. PMID- 6800233 TI - Hypotaurine aminotransferase. PMID- 6800235 TI - Changes on computed cranial tomography with aging: intracranial fluid volume. AB - A semiautomated computer analysis was developed to estimate fluid volumes in each hemicranium from computed tomography scans. The method was used to estimate total ventricular and sulcal fluid in 123 normal subjects aged 23-88 years. A wide range of normal values was found. The trend was for the estimated ventricular and sulcal fluid volumes to remain relatively constant until age 60 and then to increase at an increasing rate thereafter. Ventricular enlargement occurred in the absence of sulcal enlargement and vice versa. The estimate of the volume of the ventricles was related to skull size. When this was taken into account, the size of the ventricles showed no sex difference. The cranial cavity was larger in men than in women, and, in both genders, the left hemicranium and the left ventricle were larger on the average than their right counterparts. The limitations of computed cranial tomography as a quantitative tool are discussed in detail. PMID- 6800236 TI - Dural arteriovenous malformation of the major venous sinuses: an acquired lesion. AB - Arteriovenous malformations of the dura are thought to be congenital. However, arteriographic investigations of four patients who, after a head injury, developed dural arteriovenous fistulae with features of congenital malformations suggest that these abnormal communications may also be acquired. Thrombosis or thrombophlebitis in the dural sinus or vein may be the primary event in their formation. The pathogenesis is probably "growth" of the dural arteries normally present in the walls of the sinuses during the organization of an intraluminal thrombus. This may result in a direct communication between artery and vein or sinus, establishing an abnormal shunt. Ultimate fibrosis of the sinus wall and intraluminal thrombus may be the factors responsible for the spontaneous disappearance of such malformations. PMID- 6800237 TI - Cerebral atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus: steroid- or disease-induced phenomenon? AB - Thirty-two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were evaluated clinically and with computed tomography in order to determine whether the occurrence of cerebral atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus was due to the steroid therapy or the cerebral manifestations of the disease itself. Of these patients, 14 had central nervous system manifestations of the disease (lupus cerebritis) and 12 of the 14 were on long-term steroid therapy. Eighteen patients had no clinical evidence of lupus cerebritis and all were on long-term steroids. Of the 14 lupus cerebritis patients, 10 showed moderate cerebral atrophy, four minimal atrophy, and none were normal. Of the 18 patients without lupus cerebritis, none had moderate atrophy, six (33%) showed minimal atrophy, and 12 (67%) had normal CT scans. This data suggest that it is the lupus cerebritis rather than the steroid therapy that is responsible for the moderate cerebral atrophy. In patients suspected of lupus cerebritis, steroids should not be withheld because of concern for steroid-induced atrophy. Rather, the dose may need to be increased. PMID- 6800238 TI - Maneuver to aid diagnosis of orbital varix by computed tomography. PMID- 6800241 TI - Agenesis of the neural arch of the axis. PMID- 6800240 TI - Clinical trial of iopamidol for lumbosacral myelography. AB - The results of the initial North American trial of the nonionic, water-soluble contrast medium iopamidol for lumbosacral myelography are reported. The iopamidol was easily visualized by fluoroscopy during introduction, and the radiographic quality of all 12 conventional myelographic examinations was excellent. The diagnoses were herniated nucleus pulposus (seven), traumatic dislocation (one), metastasis (one), and normal (three). One patient had a repeat myelogram with a different hydrosoluble contrast medium 2 months after his iopamidol examination and surgery and showed no radiographic evidence of arachnoiditis. The adverse reactions were all mild and transient: headache (four cases), nausea (two), and leg pain (one). There were no diaphoresis, fever, seizures, hallucinations, agitation, or vital sign changes. Electrocardiography, hematology, and blood chemistries were all normal. In two patients, electroencephalogram changes, three to four bursts of diffuse intermittent rhythmic delta activity with no spiking, were present at 6 hr with return to normal at 24 hr. PMID- 6800239 TI - Experimental brain abscess: enhanced sonography and pathologic correlation. AB - A new sonographic contrast agent, gelatin-encapsulated nitrogen microbubbles, was introduced intraarterially to enhance the high-resolution sonographic scan of an experimental brain abscess. The echogenicity produced by the microbubbles correlated closely to the site and distribution of abscess neovascularity. The contrast agent aided in the detection of small necrotic centers in the late stages of abscess evolution when these centers were not visualized on noncontrast sonograms. The echogenic effect of the microbubbles was maximum immediately after injection; it decreased by 5 min and had virtually disappeared at 15 min. PMID- 6800243 TI - CT of nasal chondrosarcoma. PMID- 6800242 TI - Spinal subarachnoid hematoma. PMID- 6800248 TI - Topical nitroglycerin: a new twist to an old standby. PMID- 6800245 TI - New catheter for tortuous vertebral artery. PMID- 6800246 TI - Practical errors in measurement of the pituitary at CT. PMID- 6800244 TI - Improved localization of carotid cavernous fistula during angiography. PMID- 6800249 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin: a review. PMID- 6800247 TI - The nitrites and nitrates. PMID- 6800250 TI - Sublingual nitroglycerin: tablet potency and patient education. PMID- 6800252 TI - Vasodilator therapy in refractory congestive heart failure: a comparative analysis of hemodynamic and noninvasive studies. AB - The response to vasodilator therapy was assessed in 12 patients with chronic severe congestive heart failure refractory to conventional treatment. Cardiac output and intraarterial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were recorded continuously to assess the hemodynamic response to the vasodilators used. Control and post-treatment M mode echocardiograms and radionuclide angiograms were obtained to assess the change in left ventricular size and ejection fraction concurrent with the hemodynamic improvement. Despite a 33 percent decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (p less than 0.001) and a 35 percent increase in cardiac index (p less than 0.001), no significant change occurred in left ventricular end-diastolic or end-systolic chamber size on echocardiography or in ejection fraction measured with radionuclide angiography. In this study M mode echocardiography and radionuclide angiography were of no value in monitoring the actual hemodynamic response to vasodilator therapy in this group of patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 30 percent. PMID- 6800251 TI - Randomized double-blind comparison of nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate in patients with coronary arterial spasm. AB - The effects of nifedinpine and isosorbide dinitrate on the frequency of angina and consumption of nitroglycerin were studied in 19 patients with coronary arterial spasm. After a lead-in phase, the patients were randomized to treatment with either nifedipine or isosorbide dinitrate. After dose titration (40 to 120 mg/day) and evaluation, they were given the alternate therapy. During the initial segment of the double-blind phase, one patient died suddenly (nifedipine phase), one dropped out of the study (nifedipine phase) and another was unable to tolerate therapy (isosorbide dinitrate phase). In the other 16 patients, the mean frequency of angina was less during therapy with both nifedipine (0.69 episode/day, p less than 0.05) and isosorbide dinitrate (0.77 episode/day, p less than 0.05) phases than during the lead-in phase (1.71 episodes/day). The mean frequency of angina was similar in the nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate phases. A 50 percent or greater decrease in frequency of angina compared with lead-in phase values occurred in 13 of 18 patients during treatment with nifedipine and in 10 of 16 during treatment with isosorbide dinitrate. Of the 16 patients who completed both double-blind phases, 7 showed greater improvement (that is, a 50 percent or greater decrease in frequency of angina) with nifedipine than with isosorbide dinitrate); 6 others showed greater improvement with isosorbide dinitrate, and the other 3 had a less than 50 percent difference in frequency of angina with the two drugs. These findings in a limited number of patients suggest that both nifedipine and isosorbide dinitrate are effective in certain patients with coronary spasm but that neither drug is clearly superior. PMID- 6800254 TI - Alternative pathway of complement in multiple myeloma. AB - The alternative pathway of complement was studied in 16 newly diagnosed and 2 previously treated patients with multiple myeloma. Functional activity of this pathway was abnormal in 10 of these 18 patients (55%). These abnormalities correlated with depressed levels of alternative pathway components in 3 of 10 patients, but in the remaining 7, no etiology was demonstrated. There was an inverse correlation between activity and concentration of the monoclonal protein. This defect is an additional factor that may predispose patients with myeloma to overwhelming infection. PMID- 6800253 TI - Long-term efficacy of diltiazem in chronic stable angina associated with atherosclerosis: effect on treadmill exercise. AB - Short-term efficacy of diltiazem in prolonging exercise end points in patients with chronic stable atherosclerosis-associated angina has been demonstrated. The safety and efficacy of diltiazem were examined in a placebo-controlled exercise study over 4 months (eight patients) and subsequently at 12 to 16 months (six patients). Three end points were evaluated: (1) time to onset of angina or fatigue if angina were eliminated; (2) time to 1 mm S-T segment depression or termination of exercise if S-T depression were eliminated; and (3) time to termination of exercise (2+ angina or fatigue). All end points were significantly prolonged over the medium-term 4 month study and decreased again significantly with return to placebo. Maximal effect occurred at 3 months with the first end point increasing from a mean +/- standard error of the mean of 7.2 +/- 1.2 to 10.2 +/- 0.9 minutes (p less than 0.01), the second end point from 8.0 +/- 0.9 to 10.3 +/- 1.0 minutes (p less than 0.01), and the third end point from 9.6 +/- 1.3 to 11.9 +/- 0.8 minutes (p less than 0.05). At 12 to 16 months efficacy was again present. Comparisons for 3 month peak effect with 12 to 16 month long-term effect and subsequent final placebo period were, respectively: first end point, 10.5 +/- 1.3, 9.4 +/- 1.0 and 6.6 +/- 1.7 minutes; second end point, 11.0 +/- 1.3, 10.2 +/ 1.2 and 6.3 +/- 0.7 minutes; and third end point, 12.1 +/- 1.0, 11.0 +/- 1.0 and 9.2 +/- 1.5 minutes. No significant adverse effects of hematologic abnormalities were noted. PMID- 6800255 TI - Sterility and use patterns of multiple-dose vials. AB - The viability of microorganisms in multiple-dose vials (MDVs) and the use and in use contamination rate of MDVs were investigated. Serial tenfold dilutions of stationary cultures of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were injected into 30-ml MDVs containing bacteriostatic agents, and samples were removed at 1, 16, 24, and 48 hours, and at seven days to test for viable organisms. All opened MDVs were removed from each patient-care area and the pharmacy in a hospital and tested for microbial contamination using an aliquot-sampling method. One nursing unit was visited each day, in random order, until all opened MDVs from all units and the pharmacy were collected. The day following collection, all newly opened MDVs at each unit were marked inconspicuously and tallied. On the first, sixth, and thirteenth day after marking, all marked MDVs remaining on the unit were tallied. Bacteria were isolated from deliberately contaminated MDVs when inoculated with 1-100 colony-forming units/ml or greater when the sample was tested within one hour after contamination. Only one product was positive in 16 hours, and none was positive beyond that time. A total of 928 opened MDVs was collected from 31 nursing units and the pharmacy; none was positive for microbial contamination, indicating that the contamination rate was probably less than 4 per 1000. Lidocaine, insulin, diluents, and heparin constituted 57% of collected vials. The length of time that opened vials remained on a unit and the number of opened vials per unit varied considerably between units. The cost, feasibility, and effectiveness of control policies regarding use of MDVs should be weighed objectively against potential benefits. PMID- 6800256 TI - Prevalence of abnormal thyroid function test results in patients with acute medical illnesses. AB - We measured serum total and free thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations, free T4 and T3 indexes, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) and thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) concentrations in 98 patients hospitalized for acute medical illnesses. The free thyroxine index (FT4I) or TSH level was abnormal in 16 percent, but only 3 percent had thyroid disease. Serum fre T4 measurements by equilibrium dialysis were abnormal in 25 percent, but no additional patients who initially had abnormal concentrations of serum free T4 were subsequently proved to have thyroid disease. Patients with supranormal serum free T4 concentrations (21 percent) ahd higher serum T4, lower serum T3, and higher serum reverse T3 (rT3) concentrations than other patients, but the measured changes in serum T4, TBG and TBPA levels could only partly account for the magnitude of the free T4 elevation. In these acutely ill patients, an accurate diagnosis of thyroid disease could be achieved by determination of FT4I and TSH level and a history of medication usage. We conclude that other tests are rarely necessary for this purpose in a patient population such as this. PMID- 6800257 TI - The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on ovarian estradiol secretion. AB - The present study was undertaken to determine if more than one dose of GnRh is necessary to induce luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion that is sufficient to cause a significant increase in circulating estradiol (E2) levels. Thirty-four women were studied. Of these, eight control women were studied in the early follicular phase (baseline E2, 48 +/- 4.5 pg/ml); eight patients had secondary amenorrhea caused by hypothalamic dysfunction (baseline E2, 52.0 +/- pg/ml), seven had secondary amenorrhea caused by hypothalamic pituitary failure (baseline E2, 21 +/- 2.5 pg/ml), and 11 women had amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and hyperprolactinemia (baseline E2, 16.5 +/- 3 pg/ml and baseline prolactin, 443 +/- 98 ng/ml). An initial intravenous bolus of 150 microgram of gonadotropin-releasing hormone was followed 2 hours later by a smaller dose of 50 microgram. Thirty minutes following the first and second doses of GnRH, plasma LH and FSH increased significantly in all subjects. The initial increase of LH and FSH did not result in an increase in the plasmma E2 levels in any of the subjects. However, following the second gonadotropin peak, a significant increase in plasma E2 values was observed at 4 hours in all subjects (P less than 0.01). It can be concluded that (1) GnRH can be used to induce ovarian stimulation in normal women as well as in amenorrheic patients with low or normal baseline E2 levels as long as a sequential increase in LH and FSH can be elicited and (2) hyperprolactinemia does not interfere with ovarian E2 synthesis. PMID- 6800259 TI - Hyperpolarization of mammalian skeletal muscle fibers in K-free media. AB - Time course of changes in resting potential following removal of K ions from Krebs solution was studied in the isolated rat soleus muscle. In K+-free Krebs solution the muscle fibers hyperpolarized to a peak within 60 min followed by a variable, gradual depolarization over the next few hours. A significant decrease of the intracellular K+ concentration ([K]i) occurred within 30 min in K+-free Krebs. Compensatory increase of the intracellular Na+ concentration ([Na]i) lagged behind [K]i change. Both hyperpolarization and successive depolarization were modified in K+-free medium containing different [Na]o, [Ca]o, or osmotic strength. A part of the hyperpolarization was reduced by adding ouabain. Therefore, ouabain-sensitive potential of the fibers in K+-free medium was attributed to the activation of electrogenic Na pump by K+ leaked out continuously from the fibers and accumulated just outside of cell membranes but not to changes of membrane Na+ and Cl- permeabilities. It is concluded that hyperpolarization of muscles exposed to K+-free medium is the sum of the diffusional K+ potential and ouabain-sensitive metabolic potential. Interestingly, the time course of changes of membrane response to K+-free krebs was identical for contralateral soleus muscles in the same rat, though it varied among different rats. PMID- 6800258 TI - Effect of danazol on gonadal steroidogenesis in patients with a complete form of testicular feminization. AB - The clinical applicability of danazol has been postulated to depend upon its antigonadotropic and androgenic properties. However, the true mechanism of action of danazol has not been fully elucidated, and experimental evidence indicates that the major pharmacologic action of this drug may be related to the direct inhibition of multiple enzymes of gonadal steroidogenesis. In the present study, the hypothesis that danazol directly inhibits gonadal steroidogenesis was tested during the course of endocrine studies on three sisters with a complete form of testicular feminization. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and testosterone (T) levels were determined following short-term administration of varying doses of danazol. In these patients, the absence of androgen receptors and the expected inability of danazol to serve as a metabolic precursor of estrogens would minimize possible antigonadotropic effects of this drug and allow the evaluation of its direct action on the secretion of steroids by the gonads in vivo. During the experiments, there was a highly significant and dose-related suppression of serum T levels in all patients. E2 levels decreased slightly. Both LH and FSH levels showed no consistent decline and remained within the range of normal. In one patient, LH and FSH levels declined significantly during treatment, but in the other two patients serum concentrations of LH remained stable or even increased while T levels fell. In spite of the fall in steroid levels, a compensatory increase in gonadotropins did not always occur. In conclusion, danazol effectively suppresses peripheral T levels in patients with a complete form of testicular feminization. Such suppression is dose related and can occur in the absence of a decline in LH serum concentrations, possibly as a result of a direct action on gonadal steroidogenesis.l PMID- 6800261 TI - Effect of ventilatory rate on renal venous PGE2 and PGF2 alpha efflux in anesthetized dogs. AB - In anesthetized laparotomized male mongrel dogs with ventilatory rate set at 10 breath.min-1, tidal volume was adjusted so that control arterial pH and PCO2 were within the normal range for unanesthetized dogs. Control renal venous PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations were comparable to those of unanesthetized dogs, namely, 57 +/- 10 and 114 +/- 18 pg.ml-1, respectively. In contrast, control arterial plasma renin activity (PRA), 6.6 +/- 1.2 ng.ml-1.h-1, was considerably greater than in unanesthetized dogs. Stepwise increases in ventilatory rate increased renal venous PGE2 and PGF2 alpha to 109 +/- 18 and 205 +/- 41 pg.ml-1, respectively. Hyperventilation reduced PCO2 and increased pH and PRA but had no effect on renal blood flow, arterial blood pressure, or arterial PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations. When the ventilatory rate was returned to control levels, pH, PCO2, PRA, and renal venous PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations returned to control. Ventilatory rate or some consequence of altering ventilatory rate is, therefore, a determinant of renal venous efflux of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha. Moreover, it may be a more important determinant of "resting" concentrations of prostaglandins in renal venous blood than anesthesia, laparotomy, or PRA. PMID- 6800262 TI - Renal handling of dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine in the dog. AB - The uptake and excretion of endogenous dopa, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine by the kidney were studied. Blood samples were taken from the aorta at the origin of the renal artery and from the renal vein during a timed urine collection in each of six anesthetised greyhound dogs. Arterial plasma dopa (1,043 +/- 129 pg/ml) and epinephrine (218 +/- 96 pg/ml) were consistently higher than venous levels of dopa (591 +/- 80) and epinephrine (54 +/- 16 pg/ml), showing extraction of these by the kidney, whereas arterial plasma norepinephrine (329 +/- 89 pg/ml) and dopamine (64 +/- 9 pg/ml) were lower than the venous levels of norepinephrine (695 +/- 161 pg/ml) and dopamine (239 +/- 45 pg/ml), indicating secretion of these catecholamines into the circulation. The dopa extracted did not appear in the urine. Norepinephrine (7.2 +/- 1.7 ng/min), epinephrine (4.5 +/- 1.7 ng/min), and dopamine (3.2 +/- 0.7 ng/min) were excreted in the urine. These rates of urinary excretion could be accounted for by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion of the three catecholamines. The kidney extracts circulating dopa. It extracts and excretes epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and, in addition, secretes both dopamine and norepinephrine into the circulation. These observations emphasize the important relationship between renal function and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6800260 TI - Cytosolic free calcium levels in rabbit proximal kidney tubules. AB - Cytosolic free Ca levels were measured in isolated rabbit proximal kidney tubules using a previously described null-point method (19). Control values for cytosolic free Ca levels averaged 0.45 +/- 0.09 microM (n = 13). Addition of 1 microM A23187, an agent expected to increase ionized Ca levels, resulted in an eightfold increase in the null point. Total mitochondrial Ca content was determined by measuring the fluorocyanocarbonylphenylhydrazine-releasable Ca. 80% of the total cell Ca was found to be mitochondrial. These results suggest that the mitochondria play an important role in the regulation of cytosolic free Ca levels in mammalian proximal kidney tubules. PMID- 6800263 TI - PCO2 measurements in surface proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries of the rat kidney. AB - PCO2 was measured in surface proximal tubules and peritubular capillaries in the rat under normal acid-base conditions and in three settings with decreased HCO3( ) reabsorption: benzolamide administration, respiratory alkalosis, and metabolic acidosis. Under normal conditions, PCO2 in the early proximal tubule (EP) was 10.5 mmHg higher than PaCO2 (P less than 0.001) and 3-4 mmHg higher than late proximal (LP) and peritubular capillary (PC) PCO2 (P less than 0.001). PCO2 in LP and PC was 7 mmHg higher than PaCO2 (P less than 0.001). Benzolamide (3 mg/kg) had no effect on the difference between PC and arterial PCO2 or between EP and PC PCO2. Increasing benzolamide to 8 mg/kg increased PCO2 in the surface structures relative to arterial PCO2 by 3-5 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Metabolic acidosis did not alter the relationships between cortical and arterial PCO2. By contrast, respiratory alkalosis decreased cortical PCO2 relative to PaCO2 by over 50%. Nonetheless, EP PCO2 was still higher than LP or PC PCO2 (P less than 0.01). Thus, reducing HCO3(-) reabsorption does not obliterate the difference between EP and LP or PC PCO2 nor does it invariably reduce PCO2 in the surface structures of the kidney relative to arterial PCO2. PMID- 6800264 TI - Toad bladder compliance and water permeability in response to stretch. AB - The pressure/volume relationship of toad urinary bladders was measured from 0 to 50 cmH2O. Optimal bladder capacity was derived by extrapolation of the pressure/volume curve to a pressure of 0 cmH2O. The compliance of the bladder wall was calculated from the slope of the pressure/volume curve at intraluminal pressures above 10 cmH2O. Neither vasopressin nor atropine had any effect on bladder wall compliance. Bladders filled with one-fifth strength Ringer fluid and suspended in full-strength Ringer lost weight at 0.02 (at half-optimal capacity), 0.08 (at optimal capacity), and 0.26 mg.min-1.cm-2 (at supra-optimal capacity, 25 cmH2O) in the absence of vasopressin. With 20 mU/ml vasopressin, bladders lost weight at 1.08 (at half-optimal capacity), 1.55 (at optimal capacity), and 1.74 mg.min-1.cm-2 (at supra-optimal capacity, 25 cmH2O). When bladder wall tension was raised from 2,102 to 28,383 dyn/cm, the permeability to [14C]mannitol increased from 8 X 10(-7) to 39 X 10(-7) cm/s. Electron microscopy of bladders fixed at a wall tension of 17,572 dyn/cm showed flattening of the microvilli, rupture of the apical cell membranes of some granular and mitochondria-rich epithelial cells, but no obvious alteration in the tight junctions. This study suggests that stretching the apical plasma membrane to the point at which it ruptures in some cells does not alter the capacity of vasopressin to induce its characteristic increase in permeability to water of this membrane. PMID- 6800265 TI - Intestinal filtration-secretion due to increased intraluminal pressure in rabbits. AB - The mechanism of changes in small intestinal transport due to acutely increased intraluminal hydrostatic pressure (IHP) was investigated in detail using perfused in vivo rabbit intestinal segments. IHP affected passive transport in vivo by increasing effective mucosal surface area in the small intestine (indicated by 3HOH transport and tissue architectural changes) and increasing small intestinal permeability (indicated by a proportionately greater increase in mannitol than erythritol secretory clearance). IHP did not alter ileal blood flow rate measured by radioactive microspheres, despite grossly evident venous dilatation, or active intestinal transport in the ileum as measured by a) in vitro ion transport in the absence of elevated hydrostatic pressure, b) mucosal adenylate cyclase or Na-K ATPase activities, and c) glucose-stimulated water and electrolyte absorption. Acutely increased IHP appears to influence the hydrodynamics of the mucosal microcirculation in the rabbit ileum to produce a driving force for passive filtration-secretion, which is associated with and possibly augmented by increased tissue permeability and effective surface area. PMID- 6800266 TI - Kinetics of positron emitters in vivo characterized with a beta probe. AB - To facilitate characterization of regional myocardial kinetics of positron emitting tracers in vivo without distortion by activity outside the region of interest, a probe was developed and evaluated for monitoring radioactivity by detection of positrons themselves. These particles (beta particles) have a maximal range in tissue of only few millimeters rather than the larger range of gamma photons emitted as a result of positron annihiliation. Regional myocardial time-activity curves were determined in open-chest dogs after intracoronary injection of 0.5-1.5 mCi [15O]H2O, a tracer used for measurement of myocardial blood flow, or 6.0-8.0 mCi [11C]palmitate, a tracer used for noninvasive assessment of myocardial metabolism. Time-activity curves after [11C]palmitate injection clearly delineated specific components of myocardial tracer clearance previously identified in vitro in isolated perfused hearts. Myocardial washout of [15O]H2O was monoexponential for more than 2 min without distortion induced by recirculating tracer in ventricular blood. Reproducibility of measured tracer clearance rates during monoexponential clearance was high based on duplicate determinations for both tracers. The beta-detector probe developed overcomes several intrinsic limitations of gamma-probe systems or well counting of serial myocardial biopsies for studies of positron-emitting tracers in vivo and should facilitate assessment of factors of influencing tracer kinetics in vivo relevant to positron-emission tomography. PMID- 6800267 TI - Embryonic oxygen consumption and growth of Laysan and black-footed albatross. AB - The constraints placed on diffusive gas exchange by the eggshell and the adaptive features of embryonic respiration and metabolism in large Laysan and black-footed albatross eggs (300 g) during prolonged incubation (65 days) were examined in naturally incubated eggs on Sand Island, Midway, in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. A low eggshell gas conductance and slow growth rate were associated with a relatively low oxygen consumption (MO2) throughout incubation. Just prior to internal pipping (IP) of the inner shell membrane and penetration of the air space, the MO2 (pre-IP MO2) was approximately 1,250 ml O2 (STPD).day-1 for both species, resulting in air cell O2 and CO2 tensions of 106 and 40 Torr, respectively. During the 4- to 5-day pipping-to-hatching interval, O2 uptake increases rapidly as pulmonary respiration is initiated. Hatchling O2 consumption averaged 3,700 ml O2 (STPD).day-1 or about three times the pre-IP MO2. Data support the hypothesis that embryonic metabolism among Procellariiformes is related to the extent to which the incubation period deviates from the expected value based on initial egg mass. PMID- 6800268 TI - Role of sodium concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid in the salt appetite of sheep. AB - The role of sodium concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF[Na]) in the initiation and/or satiation of Na appetite of Na-deplete or Na-replete sheep was investigated. Slow infusion (1 ml/h) into a lateral brain ventricle of an artificial sheep CSF solution was begun 0-60 min prior to and continued until the end of the Na access period (30-120 min). In Na-deficient sheep, increasing CSF[Na] caused a decrease in Na intake. In both Na-deficient and Na-replete sheep, decreasing CSF[Na] caused an increase in Na intake. The appetite was observed within 25 min of beginning infusion, which represents the most rapid induction of Na appetite yet observed. In Na-replete sheep, the appetite induced by decreasing CSF[Na] was predominantly for Na-containing solutions. A decrease in CSF[Na] of only 4-6 mmol/l was sufficient to induce Na appetite. The results derived by use of different Na, saccharide, or urea containing artificial CSF solutions suggest that there are sensors within the neuropil that respond to change of [Na] and influence salt appetite. They can be accessed by inducing change in [Na] of cerebroventricular CSF. PMID- 6800269 TI - Neuroendocrine interrelationships in major depressive disorder. AB - The authors administered the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation test and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) to 54 patients who met DSM-III criteria for major depressive disorder and to 19 nondepressed patients. A blunted thyrotropin (TSH) response to TRH injection was noted in 18 depressed patients (33%) but in no nondepressed patients. An escape from dexamethasone suppression was noted in 23 depressed patients (43%) but in only 2 nondepressed patients (11%). The combined sensitivity of the DST and the TRH test in identifying major depressive disorder was 67% with 92% specificity. Only 6 depressed patients (11%) had abnormal responses to both the DST and the TRH test, suggesting that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysregulation and hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis dysregulation are independent phenomena. These findings support the combined use of these neuroendocrine tests in clinical practice. PMID- 6800270 TI - Recurrence of depression after discontinuation of long-term amitriptyline treatment. AB - In this study 10 of 17 patients receiving long-term amitriptyline treatment (average duration: 3.7 years, average dose: 138 mg) had their medication tapered and discontinued under double-blind conditions. Eight became depressed within 3 to 15 weeks. None of the 7 control subjects became depressed during the 6 months of the study. Those who became depressed also showed psychomotor retardation and sleep disturbance. Relief of longstanding anticholinergic side effects followed medication discontinuation. Some patients whose amitryptyline was discontinued experienced a mild withdrawal syndrome within the first 2 weeks, consisting of irritability, dream and sleep disturbance, and restlessness during the first few weeks. PMID- 6800271 TI - Acute hyperparathyroidism in a patient after initiation of lithium therapy. PMID- 6800273 TI - Human intestinal sarcosporidiosis: report of six cases. AB - Specimens of resected small intestine from six patients aged 3 to 70 years with acute enteritis contained sexual forms of sarcosporidia. Histopathologically, the diagnoses were either segmental eosinophilic enteritis or segmental necrotizing enteritis. The presence of sarcosporidia in market beef (Bos indicus), and the patients' habit of eating the beef uncooked in the form of chili-hot dishes, suggest that the species is an ox-man parasite similar to Sarcocystis hominis (Railliet and Lucet, 1891) Dubey, 1976. Presence of numerous Gram-positive bacilli in segmental necrotizing enteritis suggests an interplay between two etiological agents in producing the hosts' inflammatory responses. Five patients recovered after resection, but one died due to extensive necrosis of the intestinal wall and leakage at the site of anastomosis. Only conventional antibiotics were given after the operations. None of the five surviving patients has had recurrent enteritis for at least 1 year. PMID- 6800272 TI - Immunosorbent assays for diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF). AB - Utilization of direct and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) for the diagnosis of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) allows the detection of low amounts of infectious virus (2 log LD50) or inactivated antigen and antibody to CCHF within 5-6 hours. These methods were shown to be more sensitive, specific, rapid, and reproducible than the complement-fixation test, immunofluorescence, hemagglutination, or radial diffusion in gel. The experimental design of ELISA and SPRIA developed for CCHF may be used successfully for the detection of the other members of the Bunyaviridae family. PMID- 6800274 TI - A three-year follow-up study of infection with Trypanosoma cruzi and electrocardiographic abnormalities in a rural community in northeast Brazil. AB - The relationship between parasitemia, seroreactivity to Trypanosoma cruzi, and electrocardiographic abnormalities was studied in 115 individuals from a rural community in northeast Brazil where Chagas' disease is endemic. Vector control measures were introduced, and after 3 years 106 of the original participants were located and re-examined. Serum antibodies to T. cruzi were measured by complement fixation and indirect fluorescent antibody tests and parasitemia by xenodiagnosis and blood cultures. On both examinations more seropositive children than seropositive adults showed parasitemia, and parasitemia was more likely to persist over the 3-year period in younger individuals. Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities were seen more frequently in seropositive individuals without parasitemia. However, ECG abnormalities, as expected, were more prevalent in older individuals and therefore no specific inverse relationship between ECG findings and parasitemia could be shown. The decreased prevalence of infection noted in younger individuals following the introduction of vector control measures indicates that this approach limited transmission. PMID- 6800275 TI - Long-term hyperalimentation in children through saphenous central venous catheterization. AB - During a 3.5 year period, 151 Silastic central venous catheters were inserted into the inferior vena cava through the saphenous vein in 132 children younger than age 19 years at UCLA Hospital. The major indications for catheter insertion included inflammatory bowel disease, cancer or bone marrow transplantation, and short bowel syndrome. The 151 catheters were used for a total of 13,288 days of fluid administration (mean 88 days). Complications requiring removal of the catheter occurred in 31 patients, but there were no deaths attributable to complications from the catheters. The total incidence of complications was one per 225 days of catheter use, less than that occurring in catheters placed in the external jugular and cephalic veins in young children in our hospital. The ease of insertion, the low complication rate and the simplicity of patient management when catheters are placed into the vena cava through the saphenous vein appear to make this an optimal site for administering parenteral nutrition in infants and children. PMID- 6800276 TI - Biliary tract surgery in the elderly. PMID- 6800277 TI - Surgical nutrition in a pediatric practice. Nursing perspectives. PMID- 6800278 TI - [Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (A clinical case)]. PMID- 6800279 TI - [Regulation of the immune response]. PMID- 6800280 TI - Carbon dioxide tensions in manually ventilated, prone patients. AB - The distribution of arterial carbon dioxide tensions (PaCO2) in 288 anaesthetized, healthy patients in the prone position was investigated during non monitored manual ventilation. Four equal groups of 72 patients were compared employing a conventional anaesthetic system with and without CO2-absorption and a modified Mapleson D rebreathing system using high and low fresh gas flows. No fundamental difference between the Mapleson D system and the circle system without CO2-absorption could be demonstrated. With the Mapleson D system a high fresh gas flow resulted in a loss of rebreathing characteristics, the scatter of PaCO2-values then approaching that of a conventional circle system with CO2 absorption. The results demonstrate that during manual ventilation a CO2 absorption results in unpredictable levels of PaCO2 with unacceptably wide ranges. On the other hand, prevention of hypocapnia could be obtained with the rebreathing systems using a low fresh gas flow. Hypercapnia was modest and similar in all groups, PaCO2 never exceeding 7.3 kPa. In terms of PaCO2-levels it seems, compared to recent literature, of no importance whether the patient is prone or supine or whether or not ventilation is monitored, performed by hand or by means of anaesthetic ventilators. Accurate levels of PaCO2 can probably only be obtained by frequent analyses of PaCO2, or monitoring of the end-tidal CO2 concentration. PMID- 6800281 TI - [Use of head tent for anesthesia of children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors relate their experience of 61 inhalation anesthesia of children from 5 months to 15 years years old. Head-tent is usually employed for intensive care as a method to administrate pure oxygen. Children are often afraid of the face mask and tolerate head-tent easier. Three different protocols were studied: Nitrous oxide and oxygen mixture at different level (50 p. cent oxygen, 50 p. cent nitrous-oxide; or 30 p. cent oxygen, 70 p. cent nitrous oxide). The authors also used halothan in the inhalated mixture. The rebreathing level of CO2 in the head-tent according to the gas flow was measured. No incident, nor accident are related. This new anesthetic apparatus is easy to use, well accepted by children. PMID- 6800282 TI - [Anesthesia with halothane. Phenoperidine in children. Measurements of capillary PO2, PCO2, PH (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800283 TI - [Danger or security of spontaneous apnea in relation with previous ventilation (author's transl)]. AB - Using a spectrometer for the study of exhaled gases and a monitor of transcutaneous oxygen pressure, our purpose has been to quantify our ideas about physiological apneas in the conscious voluntary adults. We compared the apneas, concerning the duration and the induced fall of peripheric oxygen pressure, after normoventilations in air and in oxygen, then after hyperventilations in air and in oxygen. These experiences confirm the tiny interest of previous normoventilation in oxygen compared with in air, the danger of hypoxemia by previous hyperventilation in air and the possibility of prolonged but safe apnea after hyperventilations in oxygen, that we can advocate in the induction of anaesthesia for some circumstances. PMID- 6800284 TI - [Pulsed Brain-Spoerel system a new closed-circle system (author's transl)]. AB - A pump is used to reinsert the expiratory gas of a Bain Spoerel system into the circuit. It delivers a 14 l.min-1 flow. The expiratory gas is drawn across a CO2 absorber and fresh gas flow is reduced to the patient's VO2. The technic cumulates the advantages of the closed system to the Bain Spoerel system: practical design for head surgery, no valve, then less energetic loss by the patient in spontaneous ventilation, convenient gas flow, adapted to the small child, because of small dead space, economy of drugs, ecology: no more pollution ! humidification and warming of inspired gas. A hundred patients have been so anaesthetized in head surgery without any problem. PMID- 6800286 TI - [The use of intermittent mandatory ventilation in resuscitation (author's transl)]. AB - The technic of intermittent mandatory ventilation assures automatically a fraction of ventilatory cycles on a patient who has a spontaneous ventilation. This mechanism used in medical and surgical resuscitation, on twenty one patients of different age-group, has allowed the objectivation of the following elements: the clinical and the analysis of gaz results are found to be satisfactory at the end of the first hour; - one the contrary from then on, the results tend to differ on the basis of the periods of misadaptation which are more or less long and frequent. Looking after such a ventilatory devise demands as much intensing attention as that of any other artificial ventilation. PMID- 6800285 TI - [Blood gas levels using spontaneous breathing and the Bain circuit. Our experience during head surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The authors use the Bain Circuit with spontaneous breathing during head surgery (neurosurgery and ophthalmological procedures). Suitable for both adult and pediatric use, it seems to be, due to its unique characteristics, the choice circuit for all anaesthesia procedures in which the physician does not have direct control over the patient's head. Comparative analysis of blood gas levels is effected, on the one hand in children connected to a Digby-Leigh system and Bain Circuit, and on the other hand in adults, some of whom are connected to a two-way system and the other under a filter circuit; all of the patients are then connected to the Bain Circuit. In children the analysis of results shows that for an identical protocol of anaesthesia the quality of spontaneous breathing obtained using the Bain Circuit is the same as that obtained using the Digby Leigh. In adults anaesthetized using fluothane and with spontaneous breathing, the average level of hypercapnia under filter circuit and Bain Circuit is identical. Also, the same level of alveolar hypoventilation is obtained under spontaneous breathing with the two-way and Bain Circuit systems when there are properly provisioned. Thus this work confirms other studies by showing that the Bain Circuit is particularly well adapted to head surgery because of its low weight and easy manageability. On the other hand, when using spontaneous breathing the level of alveolar hypoventilation, and thus the degree of hypercapnia, is directly related to the level of anaesthesia and independent of the circuit chosen. Only the setting up of controlled breathing would allow the physician to work under the desired level of normo or hypocapnia. PMID- 6800287 TI - [Acute respiratory failure (A. R. F.) secondary to severe chronic obstructive insufficiency. Incidence of intermittent mandatory ventilation weaning (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800289 TI - Familial hyperthyroxinemia due to abnormal thyroid hormone binding. AB - A patient had an elevated serum total thyroxine (T4) free thyroxine (free T4), free T4 index, and T4/thyroxine-binding globulin ratio. The serum triiodothyronine (T3), as well as the thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone was normal and consistent with the clinical euthyroid status. The basis for the elevated serum total T4, free T4 index, and T4/thyroxine binding globulin is the abnormally enhanced binding of thyroid hormone by albumin, or by an anomalous protein migrating with a mobility similar to albumin as determined in paper electrophoretic systems. The abnormal T4 protein binding was also seen in several members of the patient's family indicating that the condition was familial. A new type of serum T4 protein binding abnormality that results in hyperthyroxinemia may falsely indicate thyrotoxicosis in clinically euthyroid subjects. PMID- 6800288 TI - [Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in children (author's transl)]. AB - The role of antidiuretic hormone in maintaining normal water balance is review. The diagnosis of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone is done when a patient presents hyponatremia with no evidence of volume depletion, urine osmolality that is inappropriately high for serum tonicity, and absence of intrinsic renal or adrenal disease. Among the various possible etiology, the most frequent corresponds to disorders of the central nervous system, particularly bacterial meningitis. The various methods of treatment, fluid restriction, Hantman method and lithium salts are discussed. PMID- 6800291 TI - The thyroid nodule. AB - The various techniques for evaluating a thyroid nodule are described and their relative values analyzed. Fine-needle aspiration is the most sensitive and specific test among the leading techniques, the others being ultrasonography and thyroid scanning. A combination of tests is also analyzed. In Plan A, a scan is followed by a fine-needle aspiration; in plan B a scan is followed by thyroid ultrasound; and in Plan C, fine-needle aspiration is followed by a scan only in those subjects with cytologically suspicious lesions. Of the three plans, Plan C is superior from the standpoint of diagnostic accuracy and cost effectiveness. Improvement of existing tests or the addition of new tests for evaluating thyroid nodules will aid in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. PMID- 6800290 TI - Pneumococcal vaccine: clinical efficacy and effectiveness. AB - Streptococcus pneumoniae causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Incidence and severity are increased among populations with some chronic diseases. The currently available polyvalent polysaccharide vaccine induces antibody production among immunologically competent recipients against the 14 serotypes responsible for 80% of pneumococcal bacteremia in the efficacious in clinical trials with healthy young men in epidemic conditions and in patient with sickle cell anemia. Similar trials in two other high-risk populations had inconclusive results. Decisions on vaccine use now largely rest on indirect evidence of efficacy derived from knowledge of disease incidence, severity, and antibody response to vaccination among patient groups. Findings of a literature review suggest vaccinating high-risk patients immunologically competent to produce homotypic antibodies in response to vaccination with polysaccharide antigen, while continuing investigation of disease incidence, severity, serotype distribution, and immunologic response among high-risk groups and postmarketing surveillance efforts among all vaccinated patients. PMID- 6800292 TI - Respiratory acidosis, intermittent ventilation, and parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6800295 TI - [Survival of "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" and "Escherichia coli" in cold water (author's transl)]. AB - The survival rates of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water were studied and compared at 4, 10 and 20 degrees C and pH 6 and 8, either separately or in mixed culture at four different concentration ratios. Under ceratin experimental conditions, the temperature, the pH and the bacterial concentration exerted a marked influence on the survival rate. At 4 degrees C, P. aeruginosa may be substituted to E. coli as an effective micriobiological pollution indicator. PMID- 6800296 TI - [Description of a new gregarine: Anisolobus desportis n.sp. (Eugregarina gregarinidae), parasite of a curculionid beetle of the island of the Reunion. Considerations on the genus Anisolobus Vincent (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800294 TI - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and granulocytopenia. PMID- 6800297 TI - [The factor VIII complex: hemophilia A and von Willebrand disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800293 TI - Cimetidine and theophylline. PMID- 6800299 TI - A patient with interstitial deletion 7 (p13 leads to p21). PMID- 6800302 TI - Clinical application of neural prosthetic techniques. PMID- 6800298 TI - A case of pharyngeal diverticulum. PMID- 6800300 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies against HBs (author's transl)]. AB - Two BALB/c mice were immunized 4 times with a mixture of adw2 and ayw4 subtypes of HBs antigens. Their spleens were then hybridized with mouse myeloma cell line NS1. Using three different radioimmunoassays (RIA), 264 independent hybridomas were screened for anti-HBs activity. By at last one of these techniques, 95% of the colonies were positive. Selected colonies were cloned and supernatants studied by RIA and immunodiffusion techniques for specificity characterisation. Some clones recognised the common "a" subtype, and other were directed to more restricted specificities. Ascites fluid was active on RIA up to 10(7) dilution (up to 29.000 UI/ml). These monoclonal antibodies may be powerful reagent for the diagnosis and understanding of viral hepatitis B. PMID- 6800301 TI - [Comparative study of the resistance of hospital and nonhospital strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial preparations]. AB - The comparative study on 392 hospital and 160 out-of-hospital Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains showed that the hospital strains differed in the levels and spectra of resistance to antibiotics, bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations of antiseptics and disinfectants, the resistancevars composition, serogroups and biochemical activity. A scheme for dividing Ps. aeruginosa into resistancevars according to the antibiotic resistance spectra is presented. The hospital strains in this scheme belonged mainly to the variants with a resistance to 3--5 drugs and the out-of-hospital strains belonged to the variants resistant to 1--2 drugs. The biological characteristics of the hospital strains made them more advantageous as compared to the out-of-hospital strains when existing in the hospital ecosystem. The changeability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered to be geographically related (group, interpopulational). The hospital strains of this species were classified as belonging to a higher taxon, i. e. ecological types or variants. PMID- 6800303 TI - Stereotactic VA thalamotomy for the control of focal seizures: experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 6800304 TI - Regulation of beta-D-galactosidase synthesis in Candida pseudotropicalis. AB - Regulation of lactose (beta-D-galactosidase) synthesis in the lactose-utilizing yeast Candida pseudotropicalis was studied. The enzyme was inducible by lactose and galactose. When grown on these sugars the enzyme level of the yeast was 20 times or higher than when grown on glycerol. The Km and optimal pH were similar for the lactase induced either by lactose or galactose. The hydrolysis of o nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside by the lactase was inhibited by galactose and several analogs and galactosides, but not by glucose. Lactose uptake activity observed in lactose-grown cells was very reduced in cells grown on glucose or galactose. Glucose repressed the induction of lactase, but not the metabolic system for galactose utilization. In continuous culture on lactose medium at dilution rates below 0.2 h-1 the specific lactase activity was higher than in batch cultures and decreased with increases in dilution rate. Lactase was induced by pulses of lactose and galactose in cells growing on glucose, but only at low dilution rates were the steady-state concentration of glucose was very low. PMID- 6800305 TI - Interaction of the carboxamide of NADPH, with Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase. PMID- 6800306 TI - Cervical thymic cyst. AB - Various types of cysts that originate in embryonal remnants may be observed in the neck. Among these, branchial cleft and thyroglossal duct cysts are more commonly observed, whereas thymic cysts are rare. Most patients with a cervical thymic cyst complain of a painless, enlarging mass in the neck. The histopathologic features of thymic cysts are diagnostic. Cystic thymomas, which seem to have a more aggressive clinical behavior in children, should be differentiated from the benign cervical thymic cyst. Thymic cysts most probably arise from embryonic remnants of the thymopharyngeal duct. Our patient had a cervical thymic cyst with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6800307 TI - Experience with in vitro fertilization of follicular rabbit oocytes and embryo transfer. PMID- 6800308 TI - [Effects of 3-0-methylated metabolites of adrenaline and noradrenaline on blood pressure of anesthetized rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800309 TI - [Comparative study of treatments of bladder carcinoma: TUR, thiotepa or BCG]. PMID- 6800311 TI - Corneal chrysiasis and clinical improvement with chrysotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The deposition of gold in the cornea-ocular chrysiasis-is a normal event during chrysotherapy. It may reflect tissue deposition of gold and be of value in predicting clinical improvement or toxic reactions. We studied 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis on chrysotherapy but could find no relationship between the appearance of ocular chrysiasis, clinical improvement, and toxicity. PMID- 6800310 TI - Incidence of arthro-osteitis in patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. AB - Arthro-osteitis at the anterior chest wall was found in 12 (9.4%) out of 128 consecutive patients with pustulosis palmaris et plantaris. This finding indicates that the concomitance of arthro-osteitis with PPP is not incidental but is based on some common aetiological factor. We propose a term ;pustulotic arthro osteitis' for this condition. PMID- 6800315 TI - Gastrointestinal tract bleeding of unknown origin. AB - Gastrointestinal (GI) tract bleeding of unknown origin is a vexing clinical problem. In this review, we discuss those causes of GI tract hemorrhage most likely to escape detection by conventional diagnostic modalities and explain how newer techniques of flexible fiberoptic endoscopy, radionuclide scanning, and angiography may be used to establish a diagnosis. We reviewed the literature on the role of exploratory surgery in the diagnosis of occult GI tract bleeding and conclude that its diagnostic yield is small and its value limited. Finally, we present a diagnostic approach to the patient with GI tract bleeding of unknown origin. PMID- 6800312 TI - Fall in immune complex levels during gold treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Prior to starting gold treatment 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis had an elevated mean level of circulating immune complexes measured by Clq binding activity. Gold treatment led to an improvement in disease reflected by significant falls in erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p less than 0.001), C reactive protein (p less than 0.01), Ritchie articular index (p less than 0.001), and duration of morning stiffness (p less than 0.05). Concurrently immune complex levels fell, and this change first reached significance after 3 months' treatment (p less than 0.05). Serum Clq binding activity was not related to clinical and laboratory measurements of joint inflammation. This suggested to us that there is no direct immunopathological relationship between circulating immune complexes and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Serum Clq binding activity was strongly related to IgM-RF levels measured at latex titre (r - 0.7, p less than 0.001). Removal of immune complexes from serum with Sepharose 4B-staph A (staphylococcal protein A) led to a fall in IgM-RF from 2 mg/ml (2 g/l) to 0.4 mg/ml (0.4 g/l). This suggests that the reason for the relationship between Clq BA and IgM-RF is that, on average 80% of serum IgM-RF exists as part of immune complexes containing IgG. PMID- 6800313 TI - A re-evaluation of energy expenditure during parenteral nutrition. AB - Nutritional support regimens are currently based on estimates of energy expenditure, and these estimates are then increased substantially in patients with severe trauma or sepsis because of a presumed hypermetabolic state. Forty four patients on parenteral nutrition were evaluated using indirect calorimetry to measure actual energy expenditure, and an attempt was made to correlate metabolic rate with clinical diagnosis. We found no statistical difference in metabolic rates between groups of patients classified as malnourished, stressed, or catabolic, If high levels of nonprotein energy substrates are to be administered to a catabolic or "hypermetabolic" patient group, the justification must be on a basis other than a significant increase in actual rate of energy expenditure. PMID- 6800317 TI - Nitroglycerin-induced hypotension and bradycardia. PMID- 6800316 TI - Nodular cerebral sarcoidosis simulating metastatic carcinoma. AB - A 51-year-old woman with known sarcoidosis was admitted to the hospital with grand mal seizures. The enhanced cranial computed tomographic (CT) scan showed bilateral, discrete, nodular lesions simulating metastatic carcinoma. Results of a workup for malignant neoplasm and inflammatory disorders were normal. Diagnosis of nodular cerebral sarcoidosis was made, and the patient received prednisone therapy. After four months of therapy, the CT scan showed resolution of the nodules. PMID- 6800319 TI - [Influence of the preconception maternal nutritional status on fetal growth and development in rats]. AB - A study was carried out in Wistar female rats to determine the influence of maternal preconceptional undernutrition on fetal growth and maternal-fetal exchange of energy and nitrogen retained by pregnant rats, with and without supplementary feeding, in comparison to a control group. Experimental malnourished female rats and controls of similar weight, were mated for a single period of 24 hours. From the first day of gestation one group of malnourished and one group of the control rats were fed for 20 days a casein diet with NDpCal% 12, and the other group of malnourished and control pregnant rats were fed NDpCal% 4 during 20 days. At the end of the trials rats were sacrificed: nitrogen, fat and energy values of samples of extracted fat and portions of dried fat-free in the maternal carcass and uterine contents were determined. Both malnourished groups fed during pregnancy with NDpCal% 12 or 4, utilized nitrogen and energy more efficiently, but failed to reach the body weight of the pregnant control rats fed with NDpCAl% 12 or 4, respectively. Food supplementation of the malnourished group during gestation allowed the maternal carcass to catch up growth. The litter size, however, remained diminished, fetal growth improved poorly and the uterine content weight attained only 45% of the maximum of the controls fed on NDpCal% 12. These results showed that when supplementation was imposed only during pregnancy, the recovery of maternal tissue was prioritary, while nutrition of the fetus was secondary. PMID- 6800318 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies on various methods of myocardial protection- with special reference to mannitol-insulin-potassium (MIK)-solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800314 TI - Lead poisoning from retained bullets. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. AB - Lead intoxication (plumbism) from retained bullets has rarely been reported but may be fatal if unrecognized. Bullets lodged within joint spaces or pseudocysts are more likely to develop this complication, although patients with retained missiles in other locations may also be at risk. Subtle findings such as the occurrence of unexplained anemia, abdominal colic, nephropathy, or neurologic deterioration in patients with retained missiles may suggest consideration of plumbism. An intercurrent metabolic stress such as infection, endocrinopathy, or alcoholism may be a precipitating factor. Among the various diagnostic studies available, mass spectrometric stable isotope dilution analysis may be the most reliable. It is important to employ chelation therapy prior to any operative intervention. This will reduce the mobilization of lead from bone during or following the surgical procedure. PMID- 6800320 TI - [Essential amino acids of pumpkin-seed pie (Cucurbita pepo, L.) for chickens]. PMID- 6800321 TI - The nutritive value of Brazilian soy products tested in malnourished children. AB - The nutritive value of a soya milk and soya protein isolate available in Brazil was tested in formulas fed to 30 malnourished children during a period of 25 days. The chemical composition of all formulas was similar, including their energy and protein content. The protein (1.5 g/100 ml) was supplied by either cow's milk, unfortified soy milk, unfortified soy protein isolate, and methionine enriched soy milk or methionine-enriched soy isolate. Methionine was added at the level of 1.5 g/100 g of protein. The trials included clinical, biochemical and nitrogen balance studies, and results indicated that these soy products formulas did not have the same nutritive value of cow's milk. However, the nutritional quality of soy milk was improved by methionine supplementation, but the soy protein isolate was not affected by the addition of the same amino acid. Average nitrogen retention as percent of intake ranged from 31.8 to 34.7 in the children fed cow's milk. Those that received soy milk retained 10.5 to 15.3%, and when methionine was added the average retention increased from 17.2 to 24.8%. When the isolated soy protein was fed, the average retention values were 14.7 to 16.5% without methionine, and 11.0% when the methionine-supplemented formula was used. Factors that could influence the results and the importance of the subject are discussed. PMID- 6800322 TI - [Clinical application of the alkalosis induction test for coronary artery spasm]. AB - Alkalosis was used for stress testing for coronary artery spasm in 70 patients (average age: 56 years) with resting angina. A rapid intravenous infusion of an alkaline buffer (THAM) immediately followed by 5 minutes' maximal ventilation increased the arterial pH to 7.67 +/- 0.5. Anginal pain and ECG changes were observed in 24 Patients, with ST elevation in 10 cases and ST depression in 14 cases. The ischaemic changes occurred during hyperventilation in 16 cases and in the 3 minutes following the test in 8 cases. The heart rate increased from 66 +/- II to 71 +/- 14 bpm (p less than 0,01) but systolic blood pressure fell from 139 +/- 12 to 130 +/- 12 mm Hg during hyperventilation; there was no significant change in the rate-pressure product (1130 +/- 1750 to 8990 +/- 2690). In all cases, the angina and ischaemic changes regressed after intravenous Trinitrin. Coronary angiography was performed in 56 patients: in the 24 patients with positive responses (Group I) and in 30 of the 46 patients with negative responses (Group II). Significant coronary artery narrowing (greater than 70%) was observed in 21 patients of Group I: in the 3 patients without coronary lesions an intravenous injection of 0.4 mg methylergometrine provoked coronary spasm. In Group II, significant narrowing was demonstrated in 18 patients: in the 12 other patients, coronary spasm could not be induced by methylergometrine. Therefore, in the absence of organic coronary lesions, an excellent correlation has been shown between the alkalosis and methylergometrine tests. This stress test was repeated in 16 of the 24 patients in Group I one hour after administration of 20 mg of Nifedepine: the test was negative in all cases. We conclude that the alkalosis test could be useful in the coronary care unit as a stress test for coronary spasm to determine the antianginal treatment of choice and to evaluate its efficacity. PMID- 6800323 TI - [Threatened extension of myocardial infarction treated by early aortocoronary bypass. Apropos of 13 patients]. PMID- 6800325 TI - [Endocarditis on valve prostheses. Apropos of 26 cases]. PMID- 6800324 TI - [Risk factors and coronary lesions estimated by coronarography. Multiparametric study]. PMID- 6800326 TI - [Labio-palatine clefts and congenital cardiopathies]. PMID- 6800328 TI - [Doppler velocimetric study of the arteries involved in erection. A new diagnostic approach to sexual impotence of arterial origin]. AB - With the aim of diagnosing possible arterial causes of sexual impotence, a Doppler study of the arteries of erection (dorsal arteries of the penis, left and right cavernous arteries) was performed according to an original protocol on 132 patients with cardiovascular disease. The Doppler study included recording of mean arterial flow and the measurement of the systolic pressure of the arteries of erection with a specially designed cuff connected to a manometer. In 60 out of 132 cases the investigation demonstrated an arterial component in the cause of the impotence and was able to determine whether the disease was uni- or bilateral. The disturbance of penile irrigation was constantly associated with a lengthening of the decceleration phase of the arterial flow curve. Aortography was carried out in 46 of these 60 cases and confirmed the results by showing arterial disease and its location: aortic bifurcation (33 cases) ischio-perineal trunk and/or the perineal branch of the hypogastric artery (7 cases), hypogastric artery (6 cases). Reliable and atraumatic, our protocol allows a precise diagnostic of possible arterial components in sexual impotence; it should therefore be an integral part of investigation of impotence of recent onset. PMID- 6800329 TI - [Tricuspid insufficiency and right traumatic ventricular aneurysm. Apropos of a case]. AB - Tricuspid incompetence associated with a right ventricular aneurysm wa discovered after a non-penetrating thoracic injury. The severity of the tricuspid lesion was confirmed by phonomechanography, catheterisation and angiography. The mechanism was demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography: the right ventricular aneurysm was located in the right ventricular outflow tract. As the hemodynamic tolerance was good, surgery was not performed. A review of the literature found 41 other reports of traumatic tricuspid incompetence, and 4 cases of right ventricular aneurysm, only one of which was associated with tricuspid regurgitation. The points of interest of ths case: the rarity of the association, the good hemodynamic tolerance and the value of two-dimensional echocardiography for the diagnosis of ruptured chordae in the absence of surgical observations. PMID- 6800327 TI - [Functional respiratory disorders in children with left-to-right shunt]. AB - The respiratory function of 19 children aged from 2 months to 9 years old with a cardiac lesion giving a left-to-right shunt was studied and analysed with respect to the hemodynamic disturbance. Respiratory function tests (RFTs) included measurement of functional residual capacity (FRC), the partial pressure in oxygen (Pa 02) on arterialised blood taken from the ear lobe, dynamic pulmonary compliance (CI dyn.) and total pulmonary resistance (RI). FRC and RI were not significantly modified. On the other hand, CI. dyn. was low (-31.2 +/- 22.9%, p less than 0,001) as were the CI. dyn. CFR ratio (-25.5 +/- 20.9%, p less than 0.001) and the Pa 02 (-7.6 +/- 12.7% p less than 0.02). There was a significant correlation between the reduction of CI. dyn. and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and the increase in the pulmonary blood flow. In addition, a significant correlation was also found between the reduction in Pa 02 and the PAP and increase in pulmonary blood flow. These results show that cardiac lesions with left-to-right shunts give rise to diffuse changes in respiratory function and are discussed in the light of the abnormalities in pulmonary development previously described in pulmonary biopsy of patients with left-to-right shunts. The value of RFTs in the surveillance of patients with left-to-right shunts is underlined. PMID- 6800331 TI - [Pseudoventricular tachycardia linked to a reciprocal antidromic rhythm from Mahaim's fibers]. AB - A 24 year old female presented with paroxysmal pseudo-ventricular tachycardia with wide QRS complexes and complete atrioventricular dissociation. Electrophysiological studies showed a junctional tachycardia with an antidromic reciprocating rhythm. The activation involved Mahaim nodo-ventricular fibres in the anterograde direction, the nodo-hisian pathway being the retrograde limb of the reentry pathway. The main point of interest of this case was the presence of complete atrioventricular dissociation during tachycardia, the atria remaining in sinus rhythm with the possibility of sinus capture formally excluding the diagnosis of a paraseptal Kent bundle. This reentry mechanism has been previously described and constitutes a differential diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6800332 TI - Biotransformation and toxicity of aniline and aniline derivatives of cyanobacteria. AB - Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain PR-6 and Oscillatoria sp. strain JCM grown photoautotrophically in the presence of aniline metabolized the aromatic amine to formanilide, acetanilide and p-aminophenol. The metabolites were isolated by either thin-layer, gas-liquid or high pressure liquid chromatography and identified by comparison of their chromatographic, ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectral properties with those of authentic compounds. The toxicity of aniline derivatives towards Agmenellum quadruplicatum strain PR-6 indicated that the cyanobacterium was extremely sensitive to o-, m- and p-aminophenols, and phenylhydroxylamine. PMID- 6800330 TI - [Mitral valve insufficiency secondary to endocardial fibrosis associated with distomatosis]. AB - A new case of assumed parasitic cardiac disease is reported once more; a 67 year old woman with a trematode injection presenting with mitral incompetence and left ventricular failure. Biventricular endomyocardial fibrosis predominating at the apex was diagnosed at angiography and confirmed at surgery. Mitral incompetence was related to retraction of the papillary muscles which were surrounded by fibrosis, the rest of the mitral apparatus being normal. There was no indication for endocardectomy and so, mitral valve replacement alone was performed. There are few previous reports of parasitic cardiac disease: one case of left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis, one case of biventricular fibroplastic parietal endocarditis and one case of cardiomyopathy. This report emphasises the need for cardiac examination in patients with parasitic diseases. PMID- 6800333 TI - [Intestinal response to glucose in experimental cholera in malnourished, adult and growing rats (author's transl)]]. AB - We examined the influence of malnutrition on intestinal response to glucose in experimental cholera. Water, electrolytes, and glucose fluxes were directly measured, in isolated ligated loops of rat jejunum. Intestinal loops were filled with Ringer added with either mannitol (30 mM), glucose (30 mM), cholera toxin (TC), or a combination of these three components. The results are as follows: 1. Malnutrition has an effect on basal absorption rate, intestinal response to TC and also to glucose. 2. The secretory effect of cholera toxin is altered by the type of malnutrition, the animal's age and the presence of cholera toxin. 3-0 methyl-glucose, a non-metabolised glucose analogue, has essentially the effect of glucose. The effects produced on water fluxes are also found for Na, K, Cl, HCO3 and glucose fluxes. The relationships between water, glucose, and Na fluxes are not influenced by the different experimental conditions. These results indicate that the intestinal response to glucose in experimental cholera is strongly dependent on the type of malnutrition, the animal's age and the presence of cholera toxin. PMID- 6800334 TI - [Lysinuric protein intolerance: a severe hyperammonemia secondary to l-arginine deficiency (author's transl)]]. AB - Lysinuric protein intolerance is an autosomal recessive disease, due to a defect in intestinal, renal and hepatic dibasic amino acid transport. Two new cases in the same family are reported. The disease appears progressively during the first months of life with failure to thrive, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, hepatosplenomegaly, muscular weakness, osteoporosis, anemia, leukothrombocytopenia, hyperammonemia and orotic aciduria after a high-protein intake. Hyperdibasicamino-aciduria was associated with subnormal plasma concentrations of the same aminoacids. Oral l-arginine, l-ornithine, l-lysine, and lysyl-glycine loads confirmed the diagnosis. The supplementation of the diet with l-citrulline resulted in normal levels of blood ammonia. However, hepatosplenomegaly, muscular weakness, osteoporosis remained unchanged and growth was not improved. These may be due to lysine deficiency. PMID- 6800337 TI - Transplantable lymphoid leukemia of T cell type induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) in rat. PMID- 6800336 TI - [Effect of constant rate enteral nutrition on gastrin secretion in children (author's transl)]]. AB - The aim of this work was to study gastrin secretion in children receiving constant rate enteral nutrition (CREN) then avoiding intermittent stimulation induced by meals. Induced hypergastrinemia was performed in 12 children during CREN and compared with that in 8 children with intermittent oral feeding as a control group. Before stimulation by protein load there was no significant difference between the 2 groups; 20 minutes after stimulation, there was no change in the serum gastrin concentration in the CREN group, but a dramatic increase in the control group. The hypothetic role of gastrin and/or intestinal factors is advanced to explain the inhibition of gastrin secretory response during CREN. A progressive substitution from continuous to discontinuous intakes is suggested to avoid weaning complications of this nutritional technique. PMID- 6800338 TI - Preliminary evaluation of DR antigens in responders and nonresponders to antigen D from the Rh blood group system. PMID- 6800335 TI - [A special form of dominant spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia (author's transl)]]. AB - A special form of dominant spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia has been observed in a 3 year-old boy and in his father. The roentgenological examination showed alterations involving chiefly the upper femoral extremities and the spine. This might suggest the diagnosis of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita. However the clinical features were different. The alterations of the growth plate were also different from those found in typical forms of spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia congenita. Large dilatations of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes are present in both syndromes but their content had different histochemical features. The cartilage alterations were also different from those found in the dominant form of poly-epiphyseal dysplasia as well as in pseudo-achondroplasia. PMID- 6800339 TI - Heterotopic ossification in the hand. PMID- 6800340 TI - The recent aspects of group D Streptococcus sensitivity to antibiotics. PMID- 6800341 TI - Freeze-drying storage of L-lysine producing mutants. PMID- 6800342 TI - The assay of haemagglutinin antigen content of split influenza vaccine by immunochemical methods. PMID- 6800343 TI - Morpho-pathologic lesions induced in frog tadpoles under the action of aflatoxin. PMID- 6800344 TI - [Hemophilic pseudotumor (considerations on 2 cases)]. PMID- 6800346 TI - [Essential trace elements in malnutrition]. PMID- 6800345 TI - [Critical examination of the relation of the dentition in humans and primates]. PMID- 6800347 TI - [Zinc in protein-calorie malnutrition. I. Concentration in serum of children with the clinical types, kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor]. AB - Zinc concentration was measured in the serum of 10 children with protein-energy malnutrition (eight with clinical signs of kwashiorkor, and two with marasmic kwashiorkor) on the first, 15th and 30th day after admission. The zinc levels were significantly lower for these patients on the first day than those observed for children with good nutritional status. No significant increase in zinc concentration occurred in the serum of these patients during initial period of recovery of nutritional status. The possibility of zinc supplementation for malnourished children during recovery is discussed. PMID- 6800348 TI - Pyran copolymer and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch. PMID- 6800349 TI - Plasma apolipoprotein A-1 absence associated with a marked reduction of high density lipoproteins and premature coronary artery disease. AB - A 45-year-old woman with corneal opacification and severe coronary artery disease was noted to have the following plasma lipid levels (mg/dl, +/- SD): total cholesterol 111 +/- 13, triglyceride 62 +/- 6, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol 4 +/- 1, low density lipoprotein cholesterol 106 +/- 14, and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1 +/- 1 (normal, 50 +/- 14). Her two offspring and one brother were found to have HDL cholesterol values (mg/dl) of 23, 20, and 20, respectively. The percentage of cholesterol in the esterified form in the patient's plasma was normal at 70%. Lipoprotein electrophoresis showed no alpha lipoprotein band, and no HDL was detectable when plasma was subjected to analytic ultracentrifugation. Only trace amounts of lipids were noted within the HDL density region following preparative ultracentrifugation. Mean plasma apolipoprotein (apo) A-ll, apo B, and apo C-ll plasma levels were 13.8%, 130.6% and 26.6% of normal, respectively. The ratio of apo B to cholesterol within LDL was elevated. Apo A-l, the major HDL protein constituent, was immunologically undetectable in this patient's plasma. A decreased HDL cholesterol concentration has been associated with premature coronary artery disease. These data indicate that plasma apo A-l absence results in a striking reduction in HDL, is associated with premature coronary artery disease, and represents a new distinct disease entity. PMID- 6800350 TI - Glutaraldehyde tanned ovine collagen compared with polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore Tex) as a conduit for small calibre artery substitution; an experimental study in dogs. AB - Collagen tubes with a polyester mesh endoskeleton were grown in sheep around silastic mandrils and were then tanned in alkaline glutaraldehyde. Tanned ovine collagen conduits and polytetrafluoroethylene conduits (Gore-Tex), each 10 cm long and 6 mm wide, were deployed in parallel as aorto-iliac bypass grafts in 10 dogs. The grafts remained patent for periods up to and exceeding 23 months. No grafts showed aneurysmal dilatation. All grafts formed a neointima lined with cells. In the Gore-Tex grafts there was fibrous tissue ingrowth through the wall which resulted in progressive and irregular luminal narrowing. This was not seen in the tanned ovine collagen grafts. PMID- 6800352 TI - [Cryptosporidium infections in the calf: diagnosis, occurrence and experimental transmission]. PMID- 6800354 TI - Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase: developmental studies on cryptic variant lines. AB - Thirty-five cryptic variant lines were used to examine the mechanisms involved in genetic modulation of alcohol metabolism in Drosophila. Late third-instar larval, preemergence pupal, and adult stages cultured at 18 and 28 C were examined. Spectrophotometric analyses for native alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and residual ADH activity after treatment with guanidine hydrochloride and heat were performed. Differential response of cryptic variants to treatment with the denaturants during development suggested that this variation may have an adaptive significance. PMID- 6800353 TI - The molybdoenzyme system of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Sulfite oxidase: identification and properties. Expression of the enzyme in maroon-like (mal), low xanthine dehydrogenase (lxd), and cinnamon (cin) flies. AB - Sulfite oxidase (sulfite: ferricytochrome c oxidoreductase; EC 1.8.2.1) has been detected in Drosophila melanogaster and some of its properties have been studied. In most respects this enzyme resembles the mammalian sulfite oxidases except for its molecular weight (148,000), which is somewhat higher than that of rat sulfite oxidase (116,000). Cytochrome c, potassium-ferricyanide, and oxygen can serve as electron acceptors in the oxidation of sulfite by the enzyme. Although definite evidence can be obtained only through the analysis of the pure enzyme, experiments involving tungstate feeding suggest that Drosophila sulfite oxidase is most probably a molybdoenzyme. Extracts of mal flies show normal levels of sulfite oxidase, whereas lxd flies have only 5-10% of the activity of wild type, and in cin flies the enzyme is apparently absent. While it is possible that the lxd and cin mutations are at some level responsible for the defective synthesis of a molybdenum-containing cofactor (supposed to be present in most molybdoenzymes), the evidence accumulated so far by several authors and the results of the present investigation argue against the involvement of a Mo cofactor in the multiple enzyme deficiencies observed in mal flies. PMID- 6800351 TI - Assay of urinary oestriol in infertility patients by radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6800355 TI - Turnover of beta-galactosidase in fibroblasts from patients with genetically different types of beta-galactosidase deficiency. AB - The turnover of lysosomal beta-galactosidase was studied in fibroblast cultures from patients with Gm1-gangliosidosis and combined beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase deficiency, which had 5-10% residual beta-galactosidase activity. beta-Galactosidase was specifically inactivated with the suicide substrate beta-D galactopyranosylmethyl-p-nitro-phenyltriazene (beta-Gal-MNT) and from the subsequent restoration of enzyme activity in cell cultures turnover times were calculated. By using [3H]beta-Gal-MNT, the hydrolytic activity per molecule of beta-galactosidase was determined. 3H-labelled beta-D galactopyranosylmethylamine, the precursor of [3H]beta-gal-MNT, was obtained by Raney-nickel-catalysed exchange with 3H2O. The rate of synthesis of beta galactosidase in normal and all mutant cells tested was found to be 0.4-0.5 pmol/day per mg of cellular protein. The GM1-gangliosidosis cells tested contain the normal amount of 0.5 pmol of beta-galactosidase/mg of protein with a normal turnover time of about 10 days, but only 10% of beta-galactosidase activity per enzyme molecule. Cells with combined beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase deficiency contain only 0.3 pmol of beta-galactosidase/mg of protein with a decreased turnover time of 1 day and normal hydrolytic properties (200 nmol of 4 methylumbelliferyl galactoside/h pmol of beta-galactosidase). PMID- 6800356 TI - Interaction of factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor with phospholipid vesicles. AB - The interaction of Factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor with phospholipid vesicles has been studied by using sucrose-density-gradient ultracentrifugation. When purified Factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor was run alone. Factor VIII activity and Factor VIIIR-Ag sedimented together to the lower half of the tube. Addition of phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine vesicles at concentrations above 250 microgram/ml resulted in complete separation of Factor VIII activity and Factor VIIIR-Ag, the former appearing with the phospholipid on the top of the tube and the latter sedimenting as before. This separation was obtained even in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Activation of Factor VIII-von Willebrand Factor by thrombin resulted in formation of a slow sedimenting component containing essentially all the Factor VIII activity, whereas the Factor VIIIR-Ag sedimented towards the bottom of the tube as before. The thrombin-induced Factor VIII activity was strongly bound to phospholipid vesicles as determined by density-gradient centrifugations at various Factor VIII concentrations and low concentrations of phospholipid. Based on certain assumptions a dissociation constant of 2.5 nM was calculated, a mechanism for the formation in vivo of the Factor X-activator complex is suggested. PMID- 6800358 TI - Insulin-induced proteins in the toad urinary bladder. AB - Insulin increases active sodium transport by the toad urinary bladder within 15 min, an effect which persists for an least 20 h. In tissues pre-treated with inhibitors of transcription or translation, sodium transport briefly increases after insulin addition but returns to basal levels within 60-90 min. We have studied the effects of insulin on the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into mucosal cell proteins. Insulin had no detectable effect on the uptake of amino acids nor on their incorporation into total protein; however, using a dual label technique, we found that insulin increases the incorporation of amino acids into specific soluble and plasma membrane proteins of the granular mucosal cell. The time course and dose-response relationship of the induction of protein synthesis by insulin suggest that these proteins may play a role in the sustained elevation of sodium transport by insulin. PMID- 6800357 TI - Presence of an intermediate synthase form during the conversion of glycogen synthase D into synthase I in rat liver extract. AB - When synthase D was converted into synthase I in a liver extract, it progressed through a synthase form with activity characteristics that could not be explained by a mixture of the original synthase D and the final product, synthase I. This form was distinguished by an affinity for UDP-glucose, in the absence of glucose 6-phosphate, which was intermediate between those of the two known forms. PMID- 6800359 TI - Difluoromethylornithine irreversibly inactivates ornithine decarboxylase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but does not inhibit the enzymes of Escherichia coli. AB - DL-alpha-Difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase and consequently of putrescine biosynthesis, inhibited ornithine decarboxylase in enzyme extracts from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a time-dependent manner t1/2 1 min, and also effectively blocked the enzyme activity in situ in the cell. Difluoromethylornithine, however, had no effect on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase assayed in enzyme extracts from either Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae. However, the presence of the inhibitor in cell cultures did partially lower ornithine decarboxylase activity intracellularly in E. coli. Any decrease in the intracellular ornithine decarboxylase activity observed in E. coli and Pseudomonas was accompanied by a concomitant increase in arginine decarboxylase activity, arguing for a co ordinated control of putrescine biosynthesis in these cells. PMID- 6800360 TI - Reconstitution of cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase system from human liver microsomes. PMID- 6800361 TI - Effects of gold thioglucose treatment on enzymes of glycogen metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle in mice. PMID- 6800362 TI - Primary structure of a chymotryptic peptide containing the "active serine" of the thioesterase domain of fatty acid synthase. PMID- 6800363 TI - Folate antagonists from a crude "X-methyl folate" preparation. PMID- 6800364 TI - Leukotriene C4: the major lipoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid in dog spleen. PMID- 6800365 TI - Hydroxystearates as inhibitors of palmitate hydroxylation catalyzed by the cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase from Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 6800368 TI - Effect of polyamines on prostaglandin synthesis in various cell-free systems. PMID- 6800367 TI - Cell free synthesis of human prothrombin: immunological characterization of the translation product. PMID- 6800366 TI - Isolation of equine muscle carbonic anhydrase in crystalline form. PMID- 6800369 TI - An imbalance of arachidonic acid metabolism in asthma. PMID- 6800371 TI - Thyroliberin is rapidly transferred to the nucleus of GH3 pituitary cells at both 4 degree C and 37 degree C. PMID- 6800372 TI - The effect of calcium on synthesis and degradation of mammary cytosolic proteins and casein. PMID- 6800373 TI - Immunological relationships among subunits of glutathione S-transferases A, AA, B and ligandin and hybrid formation between AA and ligandin by guanidine hydrochloride. PMID- 6800370 TI - Calcium ionophore A 23187 induces arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylcholine in cultured human endothelial cells. PMID- 6800374 TI - Specific and direct fluorination of an histidine-containing peptide: Thyroliberin. PMID- 6800375 TI - Specific evidence that schizandrins induce a phenobarbital-like cytochrome P-450 form separated from rat liver. PMID- 6800376 TI - Does iron or heme control rat hepatic delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase activity? PMID- 6800377 TI - Butyryl-CoA synthetase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa--purification and characterization. PMID- 6800378 TI - Identification of immunogens of Mycoplasma pneumoniae by protein blotting. PMID- 6800379 TI - Occurrence of lysinoalanine in calcified tissue collagen. PMID- 6800380 TI - Human erythrocytes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase: labelling of a reactive lysyl residue by pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. PMID- 6800381 TI - Inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase, C(8) and C(5') substitutions. PMID- 6800382 TI - Dissociation between ornithine decarboxylase activity and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in cell cultures treated with benz[a]anthracene and inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - The induction of aryl hydrocarbon and ornithine decarboxylase by benz[a] anthracene in the presence or absence of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors was studied in three different cell culture systems. An almost complete abolishment of ornithine decarboxylase activity by 1,3-diamino-2-propanol or alpha difluoremethyl ornithine before the addition of the inducer did not affect appreciably the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by benz[a]anthracene in human embryo, HeLa and Rueber H-II-4-E cells in culture. These results suggest that the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase does not require ornithine decarboxylase activity per se and can be expressed in the absence of continuous polyamine synthesis. PMID- 6800383 TI - Synthesis and antimycotic activity of alpha-aryl-beta,N-imidazolylalkyl benzyl ethers. AB - A new series of alpha-aryl-beta,N-imidazolylalkyl benzyl ethers was synthesized and tested for antimycotic and antimicrobial activity. Most of the compounds was highly active in vitro against fungi and gram-positive bacteria. The alpha,4 phenylthiophenyl-beta,N-imidazolylethyl benzyl ether (7) and the alpha,4-biphenyl beta,N-imidazolylethyl benzyl ether (17) showed higher antifungal activity than 1 [2,4,dichloro-beta-(2,4-dichlorobenzyloxy)phenethyl]imidazole (miconazole) against Candida albicans. None of the compounds was more active than miconazole against Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most interesting compounds of the series were assayed in vivo, but their activity was inconstant and always lower than that of miconazole. PMID- 6800384 TI - [Midazolam as an inducer, corrector and potentiator of analgesic anesthesia based on alfentanil]. PMID- 6800385 TI - Cardiohemodynamic actions of nitroglycerin and diltiazem in canine coronary stenosis. PMID- 6800386 TI - [Effect of mannitol on rCBF in canine thalamic ischemia-an experimental study (author's transl)]. AB - We already reported in our experimental studies that mannitol acts to inhibit cerebral infarction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of mannitol as assessed in terms of rCBF. The experiments were carried out with the thalamic infarction model in dogs, an experimental model developed and reported by us previously. The rCBF in the thalamus was measured by the initial slope method of hydrogen clearance curves. Following administration of 20% mannitol (2 g/kg) over a period of 10 minutes, slight increases in rCBF occurred during arterial occlusion. However the effect was more pronounced in mild than in severe ischemia. The length of time required for rCBF to return to its premedication level was almost 60 minutes. PMID- 6800387 TI - [Suppression of infarctic changes with mannitol and fluorochemicals--an experimental study]. AB - We have developed and previously reported a canine model for diffuse, incomplete cerebral hemisphere infarction produced by simultaneously occluding the following 5 arteries unilaterally at the base of the brain: the A2 portion of the anterior cerebral artery, the A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery at the bifurcation of the ethmoidal artery, the internal carotid artery, the posterior cerebral artery at the bifurcation of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior cerebellar artery. After 6 hours of occlusion, recirculation was allowed, and sequential observation was made on the degree of brain swelling. Investigation was made on whether or not administration of 20% mannitol or fluorocarbon emulsion (20% fluosol DA) following vascular occlusion is effective in suppressing such swelling. It was found that brain swelling could be prevented using by mannitol and fluorocarbon emulsion together, but not mannitol and fluorocarbon emulsion alone. Based on these results, we found that mannitol administered together with fluorocarbon emulsion has a protective effect for cerebral infarction following 6 hours vascular occlusion. PMID- 6800388 TI - Non-invasive assessment of changes in left ventricular relaxation by combined phono-, echo-, and mechanocardiography. AB - In order to investigate interrelations between early diastolic events, simultaneous apex-, phono-,f and echocardiograms were recorded in 10 normal and 55 patients with ischaemic heart disease. In normal subjects isovolumic relaxation time measured as A2 to mitral valve opening was 72 +/- 9 ms, the interval A2-0 point was 116 +/0 15 ms, and the amplitude of the f wave of the apexcardiogram relative to the total amplitude was 11 +/- 2%. In patients with a normal left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (less than 15 mmHg), isovolumic relaxation time was prolonged to 99 +/- 18 ms, A2-0 point to 162 +/- 5 ms, and the relative height of the f wave was increased to 21 +/- 4%. Isovolumic relaxation time and A2-0 point interval both showed significant inverse correlation with left ventricular diastolic pressure. Glyceryl trinitrate administration or isometric stress both caused well recognised changes in arterial pressure and cavity size. Neither had any additional effect during early diastole in normal subjects. In the patients, however, glyceryl trinitrate prolonged isovolumic relaxation time, delayed the 0 point of the apexcardiogram with respect to A2, increased the interval 0 point - f wave, and reduced the relative amplitude of the f wave. Isometric stress had the opposite effects. These changes extend beyond the end of ventricular relaxation and so are more readily explained on a mechanical basis, possibly as oscillations whose periodicity and degree of damping were increased by glyceryl trinitrate and decreased by isometric stress. PMID- 6800391 TI - Effects of heating on haemodynamic action of glyceryl trinitrate. PMID- 6800390 TI - Estimation of transcortin concentration by measurements of plasma protein-binding of prednisolone and by electroimmunodiffusion. PMID- 6800389 TI - The effects of propranolol and acebutolol on the overnight plasma levels of anterior pituitary and related hormones. AB - 1 The effects of single evening doses of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents propranolol (80 mg orally) and acebutolol (200 mg orally) on plasma levels throughout the night of prolactin, growth hormone, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, cortisol and testosterone have been studied in seven healthy male volunteers. 2 Three way analysis of variance showed that acebutolol significantly reduced circulating levels of prolactin and follicle stimulating hormone, but did not alter the levels of the other hormones studied. 3 Propranolol significantly reduced follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone, and significantly increased circulating levels of cortisol, but caused no change in the other hormones studied. 4 Prolactin, luteinising hormone, testosterone and cortisol showed a significant variation with time indicating the existence of a diurnal rhythm in the pattern of their secretion. 5 There was a significant inter subject variability in all the hormones studied. 6 There was a significant between-subject variation in response to both propranolol and acebutolol. 7 Different subjects showed significant variations with respect to time in prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol levels. 8 Neither propranolol nor acebutolol significantly altered the time course of secretion of any of the hormones studied. 9 Possible relationships of these beta-adrenoceptor blocker induced changes in anterior pituitary and related hormones to the antihypertensive mechanism of acebutolol and propranolol are discussed. PMID- 6800394 TI - Urinary free and conjugated 5-S-cysteinyldopa in normal subjects and in patients with melanoma. AB - We measured free and total 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion in 24-h urine specimens from nine patients with malignant melanoma and forty-five controls, and found that the levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion (measured by a fluorometric method) were greatly increased in the melanoma patients. The conjugates were hydrolysed by enzymatic treatment with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, and we found that the percentage of conjugated 5-S-cysteinyldopa was higher in urines with a low content of free 5-S-cysteinyldopa than in those with a higher concentration. PMID- 6800395 TI - Specific cutaneous manifestations of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. A report of two cases. AB - Patients affected by Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia may rarely present specific cutaneous manifestations. The violaceous plaques or tumours infiltrated by lymphoplasmocytoid cells, and the pink, translucent, shiny papules composed of deposits of hyaline monoclonal IgM possess definite clinico-pathological characteristics that may permit the diagnosis before any other data were available. The immunopathological and ultrastructural features of these lesions are described. PMID- 6800393 TI - Free sodium valproate monitoring. PMID- 6800392 TI - Increased levels of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha in human skin following ultraviolet B irradiation. AB - 1 Clinically normal human abdominal skin in 11 subjects, was irradiated with three times the minimal-erythema dose of ultraviolet B (u.v. B) irradiation. 2 Erythema was assessed visually, and exudate was recovered by a suction bulla technique from normal skin, and from skin at 6, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. 3 Erythema was moderate at 6 h, but increased to a maximum at 24 h, which was maintained at 48 h. 4 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha was markedly raised at 6 h, moderately raised at 24 h, but had returned to control levels at 48 h, when the erythema was still maximal. 5 Prostaglandin I2, the precursor of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha and 6-oxo PGF1 alpha may, therefore, play a part in the early inflammatory process after u.v. B irradiation, but is unlikely to be responsible for the erythema still present at 48 h. PMID- 6800396 TI - Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with monoclonal IgM (kappa) anti-P cold autohaemolysins. AB - A patient is described with immunoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia of the cold autoantibody type. The autoantibodies were monoclonal IgM-kappa cold haemagglutinins/haemolysins with blood-group specificity, anti-P. Red-cell autoantibodies directed against blood-group-P antigen have until now only been detected, as polyclonal IgG antibodies, in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. PMID- 6800397 TI - Intralipid induced haemolysis. PMID- 6800398 TI - Crossed affinity electrophoresis of factor VIII related antigen. PMID- 6800399 TI - A new systematic treatment for infertile women with abnormal hormone profiles. AB - Five infertile women, with normal menstrual rhythm who had been investigated previously by daily hormone analyses throughout at least one complete menstrual cycle and had shown poor luteal-phase steroid-hormone profiles were treated by a new approach. They were rendered hypogonadotrophic with large doses of a luteinizing hormone releasing-hormone analogue (Hoe 766) and were then treated with exogenous gonadotrophins to induce follicular growth and ovulation. Progesterone production after ovulation in all cases was superior to that observed in the individual patients' without treatment. One patients conceived in her first conception cycle and another in her fourth. This regimen offers a systematic approach to the treatment of unexplained infertility in women with deficient luteal-phase steroid-hormone profiles. PMID- 6800401 TI - Effects of dietary phosphorus and calcium on the intestinal absorption of Ca in sheep. AB - 1. Wether sheep were used, some of which were prepared with a Thiry-Vella loop of jejunum. The long-term use of these loops was ensured by regular perfusion with fresh nutrient solution. 2. The net calcium absorption rate from a Thirty-Vella loop of jejunum increased with increasing intraluminal Ca concentration and was increased by the addition of 1 alpha-hydroxy-cholecalciferol (3 micrograms/l) to the loop fluid. 3. When the diet of sheep was changed from one which was normal in Ca to a diet low in Ca there was an increase in the efficiency of net Ca absorption from the jejunal loop. This dietary change was accompanied by an increase in the circulating concentration of 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3). 4. An intravenous infusion of the Ca chelating agent EDTA increased the efficiency of net Ca absorption from the jejunal loop. The use of 47Ca demonstrated that this reflected an increase in the true absorption rate of Ca. 5. Dietary phosphorus deficiency reduced the efficiency of intestinal Ca absorption and was associated with a reduction in the plasma concentration of 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6800400 TI - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis in an Israeli group of patients and its treatment with sodium cromoglycate. AB - Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) is usually considered as an allergic eye disorder of type I, and in most therapeutic trials it has been shown to yield to topical treatment with sodium cromoglycate. This has been confirmed in the present study of VKC patients from Israel. However, some of the cases seemed not to benefit from this treatment. In a survey of IgE levels in VKC patients in Israel tear IgE levels were significantly increased in 63.5%, but in 29% of the patients both tear and blood IgE levels were normal to low. The possibility that some of the cases diagnosed as VKC might have another cause than IgE-mediated atopy is discussed. PMID- 6800402 TI - Association of methanogenic bacteria with ovine rumen ciliates. AB - 1. The frequency of association between methanogenic bacteria and ovine rumen ciliates was studied in the rumen fluid of a fistulated sheep. 2. A period of fasting and flushing of the rumen content with nitrogen resulted in a relatively high association, whereas the intake of food and flushing with hydrogen caused a detachment of the methanogenic bacteria from the ciliates. 3. The changes in the frequency of association can be correlated with the relative attribution to the H2 production by hydrogenogenic bacteria and rumen ciliates. PMID- 6800403 TI - Cation binding properties of the multiple subforms of RVV-X, the coagulant protein from Vipera russelli. AB - The factor X activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X) has been shown to exist in multiple subforms, distinguished from each other by their isoelectric points. The differences in isoelectric points were due, as least in part, to dissimilarities in the respective sialic acid contents of the subforms. No functional difference was, however, discovered between any of the subforms. All of the subforms were found, by equilibrium ultrafiltration, to bind Ca2+ reversibly. At least two equivalent Ca2+ binding sites were observed on each protein molecule (Mr 79 000), with a KD of 50 +/- 15 microM at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C. A new substrate for RVV-X, which does not bind Ca2+, apoprotein AI from human high-density lipoprotein, was used to show that this reversibly bound Ca2+ was not essential for enzymic activity. All subforms have also been shown, by atomic absorption analysis, to contain nonexchangeable metal ions, to the extent of 1 mol of Ca2+ and 0.7 mol of Zn2+ per mol of protein. No Mn2+ or Mg2+ was detected. This nonexchangeable Ca2+ and Zn2+ could only be removed from the protein by incubation at pH 3.0 or by treatment with 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, conditions under which the protein lost activity irreversibly. PMID- 6800406 TI - Synthesis of nitrogenase by isolated heterocysts. AB - Heterocysts isolated from Anabaena variabilis incorporate [14C]leucine and [35S]methionine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material in the light. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that the radioactivity is present in polypeptides of discrete sizes. However, the relative proportions of different proteins synthesized by isolated heterocysts differ from the relative proportions of those proteins incorporated by the heterocysts in intact filaments. The two components of nitrogenase are among the proteins synthesized by the isolated heterocysts. PMID- 6800405 TI - Effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine on polyamine and DNA synthesis in regenerating rat liver: reversal of inhibition of DNA synthesis by putrescine. AB - The possibility that alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase could be used to prevent the rise in hepatic putrescine and spermidine content following partial hepatectomy was tested. Administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine at a dose of 400 mg/kg every 4 h reduced hepatic putrescine to less than 2 nmol/g, but had only a small effect on the rise in spermidine seen at 28 h after partial hepatectomy. Such treatment also reduced the rise in DNA synthesis produced by partial hepatectomy by up to 70%. The inhibitory effect towards DNA synthesis could be reversed by administration of putrescine which increased the hepatic putrescine content to about 30-40% of that in the regenerating control livers. these results suggest that accumulation of putrescine rather than spermidine is needed for DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy. They also suggest that part, but not all of the rise in putrescine normally seen in the liver after partial hepatectomy is needed for the enhanced DNA synthesis associated with liver regeneration. Experiments with lower doses of alpha-difluoromethylornithine showed that a substantial part of the rise in hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity could be abolished without affecting either the rise in spermidine content or the increase in DNA synthesis after partial hepatectomy. PMID- 6800404 TI - Modification of active site histidine in ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. PMID- 6800407 TI - Induction of fumarase in resting Euglena. AB - Exposure of dark-grown resting (carbon deficient) Euglena to light, ethanol or malate produced a transient increase in the specific activity of fumarase. Fumarase levels decreased 8-12 h after the start of induction and this decrease could not be prevented by additional inducer. During the period of fumarase accumulation, cycloheximide prevented further fumarase synthesis and enzyme levels decreased at a rate comparable to the rate of decline normally observed 8 12 h after the start of induction. Although the addition of ethanol to ethanol induced cultures or malate to malate-induced cultures 12 or 24 h after the initial induction failed to maintain or induce additional fumarase synthesis, the addition of organic carbon to photoinduced cells 8 or 24 h after light exposure induced additional enzyme synthesis. Additional enzyme synthesis was not induced when ethanol- or malate-induced cells were exposed to light 12 or 24 h after organic carbon addition. Light exposure or ethanol addition failed to induce fumarase synthesis during balanced growth indicating that fumarase inducibility is a property of resting cells. PMID- 6800408 TI - Purine metabolism in Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. PMID- 6800409 TI - Requirements for different Ca2+ pools in the activation of rabbit platelets. I. release reaction and protein phosphorylation. AB - We examined the role of Ca2+, both extracellular and intracellular in origin, in the release reaction and protein phosphorylation in rabbit platelets stimulated with platelet activating factor (acetylglyceryl ether phosphorylcholine), thrombin, or ionophore A23187. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, 8-(N,N diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8), a putative antagonist of intracellular Ca2+ transport, blocked platelet activating factor-initiated serotonin release at a half-maximal inhibitor concentration of 40 microM, compared to 350 microM for thrombin-induced release and greater than 500 microM, for A23187-induced release. Platelet activating factor-induced phosphorylation of two platelet proteins of Mr = 41,000 (P7P) and 20,000 (P9P) was inhibited by TMB 8, an effect which was additive to that caused by removing extracellular Ca2+. TMB-8 demonstrated only minor to non-existent inhibitory effect on phosphorylation in thrombin- or A23187-stimulated platelets. In contrast to P9P phosphorylation, phosphorylation of P7P caused by platelet activating factor was more dependent on a TMB-8 sensitive step than on the availability of extracellular Ca2+. Experiments with buffers containing fixed concentrations of free Ca2+ revealed that both processes (release and phosphorylation), when stimulated by platelet activating factor and thrombin, had the same threshold requirement (1-3 microM) for extracellular free Ca2+. These studies provide evidence tht stimulation of rabbit platelets by platelet activating factor is more dependent on a TMB-8-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ source than is stimulation caused by thrombin. Furthermore, our data indicate that activation of different intracellular processes involved in platelet secretion (such as P7P and P9P phosphorylation) may require Ca2+ from different pools. PMID- 6800411 TI - Coagulation factor V exists uncomplexed in bovine plasma. AB - Bovine coagulation factor V has been examined immunochemically to ascertain whether the coagulant polypeptide (h) with Mr = 290,000-330,000 is complexed in plasma with a second immunochemically distinct polypeptide (l2) of Mr = 400,000. Antiserum containing antibodies to h and l2 detects the l2 polypeptide eluting earlier than the h chain on gel filtration of plasma with either added calcium of EDTA, consistent with the behavior of a higher molecular weight noninteracting species. An immobilized monospecific antibody to l2 removes only the l2 polypeptide from a purified factor V preparation containing both h an l2. Moreover, while a monospecific antibody to the h chain was able to precipitate purified radioactively labelled h chain alone or mixed with plasma, the l2 antibody was unable to precipitate radioactively labelled h chain even after attempted recombination of the h chain with l2 present in plasma. These studies indicate that the l2 polypeptide is not complexed to the h chain in a purified system or in plasma and reinforce the conclusion that factor V is a single polypeptide chain uncomplexed in plasma. PMID- 6800410 TI - Requirement for different Ca2+ pools in the activation of rabbit platelets II. Phospholipase activity. AB - The effects of extracellular Ca2+ concentration and the putative antagonist of intracellular Ca2+ movement, 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) on platelet phospholipase activity and thromboxane B2 synthesis were examined in rabbit platelets stimulated by platelet activating factor, thrombin and ionophore A23187. TMB-8 markedly inhibited the platelets stimulated by platelet activating factor, thrombin and ionophore A23187. TMB-8 markedly inhibited the platelet activating factor-induced decrease in [14C]arachidonate content in platelet phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, while showing minimal effects on thrombin-induced phospholipase activation. A23187 stimulation of these processes was inhibited to an intermediate degree by TMB-8. In contrast, extracellular Ca2+ removal inhibited phospholipase activity to a similar degree with all three stimuli. Moreover, the threshold concentration of extracellular Ca2+ for phospholipase activation, as measured by thromboxane B2 synthesis, was similar for platelet activating factor- and thrombin-stimulated platelets. These data provide evidence that, while platelet activating factor and thrombin may, to some extent, have similar requirements for extracellular Ca2+, they utilize a TMB 8 sensitive step to different degrees during activation of platelet phospholipase. PMID- 6800414 TI - Behavioral effects and physiological disposition of some beta-hydroxylated indoleamines in the rat. PMID- 6800413 TI - [Drosophila mutants sensitive to methylmethane sulfonate. II. Cross sensitivity to mutagenic factors]. PMID- 6800412 TI - A model for the temporal organization of X- and Y-type receptive fields in the primate retina. AB - A model is proposed for the temporal characteristics of X- and Y-type responses of ganglion cells in the primate retina. The main suggestions of the model are: (I) The X-type temporal response is determined primarily by the delay between center and surround contributions. (II) The Y-type response is generated in the inner plexiform layer by a derivative-like operation on the bipolar cell's input, followed by a rectification in the convergence of these inputs onto the Y ganglion-cell. (III) The derivative-like operation is obtained by recurrent inhibition in the dyad synaptic structure. The X- and Y-type responses predicted by the model, for a variety of stimuli, were examined and compared with available electrophysiological recordings. Finally, certain predictions derived from the model are discussed. PMID- 6800415 TI - Artificial black membranes from bipolar lipids of thermophilic Archaebacteria. AB - The membrane of thermophilic archaebacteria is characterized by the presence of unusual isoprenoid bipolar lipids. The molecular organization of these lipids is still a matter of study. Important information could come from forming artificial black membranes. Black films can be formed from n-alkane or squalene dispersions of bipolar lipids extracted from the membrane of Caldariella acidophila. Membrane formation occurred only above a critical temperature (approximately 70 degrees C) corresponding to the physiological one. At lower temperatures, special solvent systems (n-alkanes or squalene, butanol and n-alkanes or squalene, butanol chloroform) were required. To characterize the physical parameters of these membranes, conductance and capacitance measurements were performed. Conductance was in the range of 10(-8) - 10(-7) omega -1 cm -2 , where specific capacitance at T = 72 degrees C was Cs = 0.685 +/- 0.004 microF/cm2 and Cs = 0.658 +/- 0.08 microF/cm2, corresponding to a dielectric thickness of 27 and 29 A for squalene and dodecane dispersions, respectively. Capacitance was shown to vary as the square of membrane potential, as usual in lipid bilayers. Values of the proportionality constant alpha have been compared to those of solvent-containing and solvent-free bilayers. The behavior of capacitance as a function of temperature is also shown by lowering temperature; the occurrence of complex structural changes was indicated. All the experimental data suggest that the presence of solvent is very low. Two possible molecular configurations of the films are discussed. PMID- 6800416 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content of bone marrow cells in patients with plasma cell myeloma: clinical implications. AB - DNA content analysis by flow cytometry was performed in 32 patients with plasma cell myeloma and 3 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia to determine the biologic and potential clinical usefulness of this technique. Hyperdiploid tumor DNA content was found in 23 myeloma patients (72%) during the course of illness, including 16/28 at presentation, but in none of 3 patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. There was no significant association of aneuploidy in myeloma patients with age, sex, race, or M-protein class. Myeloma patients with aneuploid tumor cells were more likely to have advanced stage (p = 0.032) than patients with diploid plasma cells, and all patients with renal failure had aneuploid tumors. Pretreatment factors significantly associated with survival included stage (p = 0.01), serum creatinine (p = 0.003), and tumor DNA content (p = 0.005). Multivariate analysis using the Cox life table regression procedure indicated that the significant relation of tumor DNA content with survival remained after adjusting for stage (p less than 0.005). Myeloma patients with diploid tumors at diagnosis frequently had aneuploid plasma cells at the time of relapse, indicating a possible relationship of chromosomal alterations in the tumor to clinical drug resistance. We conclude that aneuploid tumor cells at the time of diagnosis of myeloma are of independent prognostic significance, and the development of aneuploidy is a frequent occurrence at clinical relapse, suggesting the change in DNA content are of biologic and clinical significance. PMID- 6800417 TI - Characterization of the defect of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein in von Willebrand's disease. AB - The factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (f.VIII/vWf) protein was purified from the plasma of a patient with von Willebrand's disease (vWd). The patient had all of the classic laboratory findings of vWd except for the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation of his own platelet-rich plasma. The disease has been documented in three generations. Comparison of the purified normal and vWd f.VIIi/vWf protein revealed several abnormalities, including decreased concentration of f.VIII/vWf antigen; decreased specific vWf activity; absence of the larger molecular forms of the f.VIII/vWf protein; carbohydrate deficiencies affecting the sialic acid, penultimate galactose and N-acetylglucosamine moieties; and decreased binding of the f.VIII/vWf protein to its platelet receptor. These studies indicate the multiplicity of biochemical and functional abnormalities associated with the f.VIII/vWf protein in vWd. f.VIII/vWf protein to normal f.VIII/vWf protein that had been treated with 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) to reduce the multimer size and then treated with specific exoglycosidases to remove the sialic acid and penultimate galactose residues revealed similar biologic properties. PMID- 6800418 TI - Stored human platelets retain full aggregation potential in response to pairs of aggregating agents. PMID- 6800419 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to porcine factor VIII coagulant and their use in the isolation of active coagulant protein. AB - Partially purified preparations of porcine factor VIII:C were used to immunize mice and spleen cells from the immunized animals were fused to NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. The ability of hybrid culture fluids to bind factor VIII:C was detected with a radiolabelled, affinity-purified, human antihuman VIII:C inhibitor. Three cloned hybrid lines have been obtained that preferentially bind to VIII:C when compared to von Willebrand factor binding. Two of these monoclonal antibodies partially inhibit VIII:C coagulant activity. The third antibody does not inhibit VIII:C, but it can be used as an affinity reagent to absorb dissociated VIII:C out of solution. Active coagulant can be recovered by elution in 50% ethylene glycol. The VIII:C obtained has a specific activity of 6 units/micrograms based on absorbance measurements. When analyzed on SDS gels, the unactivated VIII:C contains 3 bands of apparent molecular weight 166,000, 130,000 and 76,000. Thrombin treatment results in a 40 fold increase in activity and cleavage to products of 76,000, 67,000 an 50,000 and small amounts of lower molecular weight peptides. EDTA inactivation of the factor VIII:C results in the separation of the 166,000 and 130,000 chains from the 76,000 chain, suggesting a Ca++ dependent noncovalent interaction among the chains. PMID- 6800420 TI - Porcine factor VIII:C prepared by affinity interaction with von Willebrand factor and heterologous antibodies: sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel analysis. PMID- 6800423 TI - Changes in surface antigens on malignant T cells from lymphoblastic lymphomas at relapse: an appraisal with monoclonal antibodies and microfluorometry. AB - By using a panel of monoclonal antibodies reactive with lymphoid differentiation antigens and microfluorometry, we investigated the malignant cells from five patients with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma both at initial involvement and at relapse. We have observed changes in cell surface antigens densities in four of the five cases. These changes could be interpreted as a shift in the status of differentiation of the malignant cells. In two cases the malignant cells appeared to be arrested at an earlier stage at relapse than at initial involvement, while in the two other cases, cells at relapse appeared to be arrested at a later stage than at initial involvement. Interestingly, a parallelism was observed between regression of the differentiative status of the malignant T cells and "leukemic conversion." These observations are also relevant to the understanding of the development of tumor resistance to chemotherapy. PMID- 6800421 TI - Distribution of plasma fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin) and components of the factor VIII complex after heparin-induced precipitation of plasma. AB - Factor VIII procoagulant (VIII:C) activity, factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg), von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor (VIIIR:RC) activity, factor VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag), and plasma fibronectin (CIg; cold-insoluble globulin) were measured in the heparin precipitable fraction (HPF) and heparin supernatant fraction (HS) of normal human plasma. Following heparin induced precipitation, most measurable VIII:C activity (77% +/- 24%) was recovered in the HS. Although there was little VIII:C activity (less than 1%) in the HPF, 20% +/- 6.5% VIII:CAg was present as well as CIg (81% +/- 5.6%). VIIIR:RC activity (72% +/- 12%), and VIIIR:Ag (34 +/- 5.2%). As assessed by Na dodecyl SO4 glyoxyl agarose electrophoresis, the multimeric forms of plasma VIIIR:Ag could be resolved into a series of bands. Larger multimers tended to precipitate with the HPF whereas the smaller multimers tended to remain supernatant. Plasma from a subject with congenital afibrinogenemia was also studied. Although the afibrinogenemic HPF contained CIg, neither VIIIR:RC activity nor VIIIR:Ag was precipitated. However, both were present in the HPF from afibrinogenemic plasma to which fibrinogen had been added, suggesting that they are incorporated in this precipitate because of an affinity for fibrinogen. The ability of heparin to induce precipitation of CIg while leaving most VIII:C activity in the supernatant plasma may be useful in the preparation of procoagulant-rich plasma subfractions, since VIII:C can subsequently be recovered in good yield by cryoprecipitation. PMID- 6800422 TI - T-lymphocyte reconstitution in recipients of bone marrow transplants with and without GVHD: imbalances of T-cell subpopulations having unique regulatory and cognitive functions. PMID- 6800424 TI - Factors influencing the release of purines and norepinephrine in the rabbit portal vein. AB - Previous studies have shown that transmural electrical stimulation (TES) of the rabbit portal vein in vitro, results in the overflow of 3H-purines from tissues prelabelled with 3H-adenosine. The purpose of the present study was to assess the possible sites which contribute to the TES-induced overflow of purines in this adrenergically innervated tissue. The contribution to postjunctional elements to purine overflow was assessed with the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, prazosin. Prazosin (3 x 10(-7) M) did not affect the release of 3H-norepinephrine but markedly reduced the TES-induced contraction. The release of 3H-purines was reduced by 20% by prazosin, indicating that approximately 80% of the release is independent of the alpha 1-mediated postjunctional response and, therefore, probably originates from neuronal sites in the tissue. Two lines of evidence indicate that a considerable portion of the alpha 1-adrenoceptor-independent release of 3H-purines (i.e., in the presence of prazosin) arises from adrenergic nerves. First, the fractional release of 3H-purines was enhanced and reduced, respectively, by the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, yohimbine, and the alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, in concentrations (10(-6) M) which did likewise to the fractional release of 3H-norepinephrine. Second, destruction of the adrenergic nerves by in vitro treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine reduced the fractional release of 3H-purines by 55%. The release of purines which remains after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment may occur from non-adrenergic nerves. PMID- 6800425 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of membrane-bound polysomes in human myeloma cells. AB - We prepared ultra-thin sections of human myeloma cells, in which the rER was cut tangentially, and studied the make-up and distribution of membrane-bound polysomes electromicroscopically. In IgG myeloma large and small polysomes were detected. The polysome distribution curve showed a high peak at 7 ribosomes and a lower peak at 17-18 ribosomes. IgA-, IgD- and IgE myeloma, as well as macroglobulinemia, showed peaks at 7 and 13 ribosomes. BJP myeloma manifested a sharp peak only at 7 ribosomes. Our results suggest that BJP myeloma has only small polysomes participating in L-chain synthesis, while the other myelomas exhibited large and small polysomes participating in H- and L-chain synthesis, respectively. The quantitative ratio of small and large polysomes was determined on the basis of an analytically corrected direct count. PMID- 6800426 TI - [Chemotherapy associating mitomycin C, thiotepa and vindesine in advanced breast cancers. Study of 100 cases (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred patients suffering from advanced breast cancers and resisting to one (15) or several (85) drugs previously administered have been treated by an association of mitomycin C, thiotepa and vindesine, given every 3 weeks. Toxic effects were frequently observed and it was necessary to stop the treatment in more than 25 p. cent of the patients. Hemorrhagic complications due to thrombopenia (50 p. cent of cases) were severe in few cases and were responsible for the death of 2 patients. An overall objective response has been obtained in 41 cases and a regression in more than 50 p. cent of the lesions with a median duration of 7.5 months has been observed in 15 cases. The most striking effects have been noted in lymph nodes and skin involvement with an appreciable effect on the functional (subjective) and painful syndrome in 60 p. cent of cases. Difficulties in applying this chemotherapy to patients who had already been heavily treated explain a toxicity which would probably be reduced by an earlier application of the treatment. The quality of the results obtained (here) with these patients incite to study the effect of this association primarily to improve the long-term prognosis of localized or already disseminated breast cancers. PMID- 6800428 TI - Shape of single-breath washout curves of gases with different diffusion coefficients and blood solubilities. PMID- 6800429 TI - Bohr dead space during helium washout. PMID- 6800430 TI - [Studies on comprehensive evaluation of toxic liver injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800431 TI - Malignancy. Cancer cachexia. PMID- 6800432 TI - Sterilisation following instillation of thiotepa into the urinary bladder. PMID- 6800433 TI - Giant calculus in urethral diverticulum. PMID- 6800427 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in children: long-term therapeutic results (author's transl)]. AB - Between 1965 and 1976, 83 previously untreated children aged 15 years and under, with biopsy-confirmed Hodgkin's disease were assessed, treated, and followed-up at Hoopital Saint-Louis, Paris. Clinical stages were IA-IIA for 59, IB-IIB for 19, and III-IV for 5 patients. Two main types of treatment were used: - monochemotherapy-radiotherapy in 26 patients who received mantle field irradiation followed by monthly vinblastine injections for 3 years; - 57 patients received a combination of MOPP and radiotherapy. The MOPP-radiotherapy treated patients have a significantly better survival and relapse-free survival than the monochemotherapy-radiotherapy treated patients (86.9 p. cent vs 76.1 p. cent and 83.5 p. cent vs 65.4 p. cent). Thirteen relapses were observed after a median complete remission period of 30 months: 6 patients are now free from disease and one is still under treatment. Ten patients died after a 55 months median survival: 7 died from Hodgkin's Disease and 3 from treatment toxicity. No secondary cancer or leukemia has been observed. The main long-term complications of therapy were sterility in male patients, after chemotherapy, and growth defects and disturbances of thyroid functions after radiotherapy. PMID- 6800434 TI - Interactions with digoxin: more problems. PMID- 6800435 TI - Postoperative pneumonias. PMID- 6800437 TI - Cuts and excellence. PMID- 6800436 TI - Dog bites man. PMID- 6800439 TI - Insulin given intranasally induces hypoglycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects. AB - Regular or crystalline insulin with sodium glycocholate as surfactant administered intranasally to normal volunteers induced hypoglycaemia and an increase in serum immunoreactive insulin concentrations. Serum C-peptide concentrations decreased or remained unchanged. Insulin administered intravenously to three of these subjects yielded a potency ratio of 1:8 for intranasal and intravenous insulin. In four insulin-dependent diabetics a cross over study was performed on different days, insulin being administered once intranasally and once subcutaneously in a ratio of 1:9. In these patients the intranasal insulin was more effective than the subcutaneous insulin in preventing hyperglycaemia after breakfast. In four other insulin-dependent diabetics 11 hours monitoring was performed twice on two different days, insulin being administered in divided dosage sufficient to achieve a reasonable glycaemic profile. The administration during the morning, whereas subcutaneous insulin was more effective than intranasal during the afternoon. PMID- 6800438 TI - Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men. AB - A survey of middle-aged men in 24 British towns showed a strong association between blood lead concentrations, alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking. The association with alcohol persisted after age, social class, body mass index, cigarette smoking, water lead concentrations, and the town of residence had been taken into account. There was an independent but less pronounced association between cigarette smoking and blood lead concentrations after adjustment for the other factors. The possible mechanisms include a decreased excretion of lead due to alcohol-induced hepatic dysfunction and an increased lead intake from cigarette smoking. These findings have implications for widespread measurement of blood lead concentrations in adults in the community and for all studies attempting to relate blood lead concentrations to environmental exposure. PMID- 6800440 TI - Failure of hyposensitisation in treatment of children with grass-pollen asthma. AB - Twenty asthmatic children with laboratory proved bronchial reactivity to rye grass pollen were studied over two consecutive grass-pollen seasons. In the first year 11 patients received preseasonal hyposensitisation treatment with an aqueous rye extract and nine received placebo injections. No treatment was given in the second year. Patients in both the active-treatment and placebo groups showed a pronounced clinical deterioration in their asthma during both pollen seasons. Serum concentrations of IgG-specific antibodies to the rye allergen before treatment were similar in both groups, but after immunotherapy and before the pollen season in the first year these antibody concentrations were raised significantly in the treated group (p less than 0.005): by the middle of the pollen seasons the difference was no longer significant. IgE-specific antibodies showed a similar but nonsignificant pattern of response. We found no evidence that limited hyposensitisation with a pollen extract is of any clinical benefit in seasonal asthma despite evidence of an immunological response. PMID- 6800442 TI - Toxocaral and toxoplasmal antibodies in cat breeders and in Icelanders exposed to cats but not to dogs. PMID- 6800441 TI - Successful emergency transoesophageal cardiac pacing with subsequent endoscopy. PMID- 6800443 TI - Reversible overt nephropathy with Henoch-Schonlein purpura due to piroxicam. PMID- 6800444 TI - Rebreathing aborts migraine attacks. PMID- 6800445 TI - Think more about prescribing. PMID- 6800448 TI - Overcoming isolation in London. Fellowships in general practice in St Thomas's district. PMID- 6800447 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6800446 TI - How to get the most out of the trainee year. PMID- 6800449 TI - Suicide and accidental death at Beachy Head. AB - During 1965-79, 124 deaths occurred at Beachy Head cliffs. A coroner's verdict of suicide was returned in 58. The yearly numbers increased during the period along with a reduction in the proportion of suicide verdicts. At least 115 of the deaths were almost certainly suicides, and the most likely cause for the change in the proportion of suicide verdicts was a change of coroner. The reputation of the place, the publicity given to each suicide, the accessibility of the site, and the lack of preparation required all influence the choice of this method and it may be replacing other ways of suicide locally. PMID- 6800451 TI - ABC of alcohol. Helping the problem drinker. PMID- 6800450 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection in medical and health care personnel. AB - Analysis of 51 cases of hepatitis B virus infection in health care workers admitted as patients to the liver unit over seven years showed three healthy carriers of hepatitis B virus, seven cases of fulminant hepatic persistent hepatitis, 17 cases of chronic active hepatitis (of whom 11 had cirrhosis), and five cases of hepatocellular carcinoma. To date 11 of these patients have died. Only 15 of the 51 patients had a history of direct occupational exposure and only three patients could recall specific inoculation injuries. In contrast, the source of infection was apparent in 32 of 50 consecutive cases of fulminant hepatic failure or acute hepatitis B in nonmedical staff. Since specific inoculation injuries are not the usual mode of infection ion medical staff and since only a few of the patients who are hepatitis B virus carriers will be detected by selective screening of "high-risk" patients, the overall risk of infection can be reduced only by stricter precautions in the handling of any patient's blood and by the use of hepatitis B virus vaccines for medical staff at high risk. PMID- 6800452 TI - Avascular necrosis of bone after high doses of dexamethasone during neurosurgery. PMID- 6800453 TI - The starving of the medical schools. PMID- 6800455 TI - Patent ductus arteriosus in premature babies. PMID- 6800454 TI - Death without concealment. PMID- 6800458 TI - Tobacco sponsorship of sport: think again. PMID- 6800456 TI - Pseudomembranous colitis in a 5-week-old infant. PMID- 6800457 TI - Dental health in patients susceptible to infective endocarditis. PMID- 6800459 TI - Atom bombs and genetic damage. PMID- 6800460 TI - Ventricular premature beats--story petrels? PMID- 6800461 TI - Animal experiments. PMID- 6800462 TI - Twenty-one years of beating beta-lactamases. PMID- 6800463 TI - Case clustering in pityriasis rosea: support for role of an infective agent. AB - One hundred and twenty-six cases of pityriasis rosea seen over two years in north Staffordshire were analysed for clustering in time and space. A statistically significant degree of clustering was found; this was evident among female patients considered separately but not among male patients. The incidence of the condition was higher in patients working in, or attending, educational establishments. These findings support the hypothesis that pityriasis rosea is caused by an infective agent. A search for an infective organism and a transmission mechanism now seems justifiable. PMID- 6800464 TI - Ultrasound-guided fetal intravenous transfusion for severe rhesus haemolytic disease. AB - Intrauterine, intraperitoneal transfusion is associated with a poor survival rate in fetuses with hydrops and low gestational age. A method of direct fetal intravenous transfusion was used in two fetuses. One fetus with severe rhesus haemolytic disease was given transfusions in the 29th and 30th weeks of gestation, using an ultrasound-guided needle through the hepatic part of the umbilical vein without fetoscopy. In another fetus, an experimental cannulation of the umbilical vein succeeded in the 23rd week of gestation. Ultrasound-guided fetal intravenous transfusion avoids the use of fetoscopy, which has limitations, and may improve the prognosis for rhesus-sensitised fetuses. PMID- 6800466 TI - Asthma from childhood at age 21: the patient and his disease. AB - Information was obtained from 336 21-year-olds who had begun wheezing before the age of 7 about their knowledge of asthma and its effect on their current life style. Two-thirds of the subjects were still symptomatic. A control group of 62 subjects was available for comparison. Knowledge about asthma was poor, particularly among those with less troublesome symptoms. Half of those with frequent episodic asthma and one-third with persistent asthma did not regard excess use of bronchodilator aerosols as potentially dangerous. Over three quarters of those with persistent asthma were not receiving adequate treatment. One-third of third of those with persistent asthma were missing substantial time from work because of respiratory illness, and a similar proportion were restricting sporting activities. The incidence of smoking was disturbingly high in all asthma groups. The higher the number of cigarettes ever smoked and the higher the current tobacco consumption the less satisfactory was the progress of asthma. Both cigarette smoking and severity of asthma contributed to chronic production of sputum. Children and teenagers with asthma should be educated to seek more appropriate medical help and thereby reduce morbidity. PMID- 6800465 TI - Low-molecular-weight heparin and prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis. AB - The efficacy of low-molecular-weight heparin as a prophylactic agent was assessed in 150 consecutive patients over the age of 40 undergoing major abdominal surgery. Fifty of these patients received 1250 activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) units of low-molecular-weight heparin every 12 hours: three developed isotopic deep vein thrombosis, which was confirmed by phlebography in two cases. The other 100 patients received a single injection of 1850 APTT units of low molecular-weight heparin. Three of them developed isotopic deep vein thrombosis; phlebography failed to confirm the presence of thrombi in each case. None of the 150 patients studied died from fatal or contributory pulmonary emboli. Low molecular-weight heparin was not associated with any increase in preoperative or postoperative bleeding. The effect of equal amounts of postoperative bleeding. The effect of equal amounts of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin on the coagulation mechanism during surgery was investigated in another 30 patients. The clotting assays and results of in-vivo platelet function tests indicated that both preparations produced similar effect. Intragroup comparisons, however, showed significant differences in the anti-factor Xa activity, lipoprotein lipase release, and plasma prekallikrein concentrations. A single injection of low-molecular-weight heparin daily is a convenient way of preventing deep vein thrombosis in high-risk patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. PMID- 6800467 TI - Rubella screening and immunisation of schoolgirls: results six to seven years after vaccination. AB - A long term follow-up study was carried out of girls given RA27/3 or Cendehill rubella vaccine in their 13th-14th year compared with a group of girls who had been found to be naturally immune at the age. A high proportion of the girls in all groups had persistent rubella antibody six to seven years after inclusion in the study, although some of these would have been considered to be susceptible to rubella by methods currently in use for screening for rubella antibody. Great care should be taken in interpreting the efficiency of the schoolgirl immunisation policy in the United Kingdom; women in their childbearing years who may have received vaccine but are found by a screening test to be seronegative should be retested by a more sensitive procedure before a final report is made. PMID- 6800468 TI - Cetrimide allergy presenting as suspected non-accidental injury. PMID- 6800470 TI - Acute pharyngitis: a symptom scorecard and microbiological diagnosis. PMID- 6800469 TI - Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D in coalworkers and surface workers in winter. PMID- 6800471 TI - Organising a practice. Giving the best to a trainee. PMID- 6800472 TI - Policies and postures in smoking control. PMID- 6800473 TI - An antismoking policy for Europe. PMID- 6800477 TI - Bladder calcification after umbilical catheterisation. PMID- 6800474 TI - ABC of alcohol. Help: drugs. PMID- 6800476 TI - Use of microcomputers for self-assessment and continuing education in anaesthesia. AB - The suitability of computer-assisted self-assessment was evaluated as a means of quality assurance in anaesthesia. Altogether 202 anaesthetists participated in four trials of the method. Analyses of their performance in a self-assessment programme dealing with obstetric anaesthesia showed significant differences in the levels of knowledge of anaesthetists practising for different numbers of years. The acceptability of computer-assisted self-assessment ranged from 91% to 100% for the four trials. Similar programs have been shown to be of value in medical education and thus computer-assisted self-assessment appears to fulfil simultaneously the functions of self-assessment and continuing education. The criteria for a method of quality assurance are met. PMID- 6800475 TI - Coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer: temporal and spatial correlation. AB - An examination of available data on per caput consumption of coffee and pancreatic cancer mortality in the United States since 1950 shows a temporal association. A rise and fall in coffee consumption was followed by a rise and fall in the incidence of pancreatic cancer with roughly a 10-year lag. Nevertheless, there were inconsistencies in this relationship was also found between the consumption of coffee and pancreatic cancer mortality in 13 countries. While this relationship suggests an association, major inconsistencies case doubt on the possibility that it is one of cause and effect. This may be due to confounding, particularly by cigarette smoking and cancer of the pancreas is much more consistent with a causal relationship. PMID- 6800478 TI - Confidential enquiries into perinatal deaths. PMID- 6800479 TI - The secret technical defence: a case for changing the law. PMID- 6800481 TI - Misplaced confidence in nebulised bronchodilators in severe asthmatic attacks. PMID- 6800480 TI - Health hazards in the leather and shoe-making industries. PMID- 6800482 TI - Oxygen in the home. PMID- 6800483 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity in response to inhalation of ultrasonically nebulised solutions of distilled water and saline. PMID- 6800484 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane A. PMID- 6800486 TI - Acetazolamide and symptomatic metabolic acidosis in mild renal failure. PMID- 6800485 TI - Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage. PMID- 6800487 TI - Failure with the new triphasic oral contraceptive Logynon. PMID- 6800488 TI - Medical referee of a crematorium. PMID- 6800489 TI - Rapid onset cancer of the cervix. PMID- 6800490 TI - Career guidance by computer. PMID- 6800492 TI - The perils of abstention? PMID- 6800491 TI - Prognosis in severe shock. PMID- 6800493 TI - Hair-raising notions and lotions. PMID- 6800494 TI - Mortality among patients with ankylosing spondylitis after a single treatment course with x rays. AB - Mortality was studied in 14 111 patients with ankylosing spondylitis given a single course of x-ray treatment during 1935-54. Mortality from all causes combined was 66% greater than that of members of the general population of England and Wales. There were substantial excesses of deaths from non-neoplastic conditions, but these appeared to be associated with the disease itself rather than its treatment. A nearly fivefold excess of deaths from leukaemia and a 62% excess of deaths from cancers of sites that would have been in the radiation fields ("heavily irradiated sites") were likely to have been a direct consequence of the radiation treatment itself. The excess death rate from leukaemia was greatest three to five years after treatment and was close to zero after 18 years. In contrast, the excess of cancers of heavily irradiated sites did not become apparent until nine or more years after irradiation and continued for a further 11 years. More than 20 years after irradiation the excess risk declined, but the fall was not statistically significant. The number of cancers of sites not considered to be in the radiation beams was 20% greater than expected. This excess, although not statistically significant, may also have been due to radiation scattered from beams directed at other parts of the body. The risk of a radiation-induced leukaemia or other cancer was related to the age of the patient at the time of treatment. Those irradiated when aged 55 years or more had an excess death rate from leukaemia more than 15 times that of those treated under 25 years of age, and a similar difference was apparent for cancers of heavily irradiated sites. The radiation dose to the bone marrow was estimated for the patients who died with leukaemia and for a 1 in 15 sample of the total study population. The excess risk of leukaemia varied erratically with radiation dose owing, perhaps, in part to the increase in the proportion of the cells in the bone marrow that are sterilised with increasing doses. A mathematical model using a linear leukaemia induction rate and exponential cell sterilisation fitted the data reasonably well, and the results suggested that for low radiation doses about two deaths from leukaemia would be induced per million people per rad of x rays per year for up to 20 years after exposure. Because of the failure to find a clear dose-response relationship this estimate must be regarded with caution, but it is in reasonable agreement with that derived from studies of the atomic bomb survivors. PMID- 6800495 TI - Psychological sequelae to elective sterilisation: a prospective study. AB - A total of 201 women were interviewed four weeks before elective interval tubal sterilisation, of whom 190 (94.5%) were assessed again six months postoperatively and 193 (96.0%) 18 months postoperatively. Before sterilisation the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity as measured by the present state examination was 10.4% (21 patients), no greater than might be expected in a general population sample; six months after the operation the prevalence was significantly reduced to 4.7% (nine patients); and 18 months postoperatively it had returned almost to the preoperative value (9.3%; 18 patients). Postoperative psychosexual disturbance was rare, only 3% of patients reporting reduced enjoyment of sexual intercourse at either follow-up. Considerable regret was reported by only five patients (2.6%) six months after the operation and by eight (4.1%) 18 months after the operation; however, some dissatisfaction was reported by 15 patients (7.9%) at six months and 21 patients (10.9%) at 18 months. Postoperative psychiatric disturbance and dissatisfaction were largely associated with preoperative psychiatric disturbance. Thus there was no evidence that elective interval sterilisation increased the risk of psychiatric disturbance up to 18 months after the operation. PMID- 6800496 TI - Spontaneous remission of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patient receiving regular dialysis. PMID- 6800497 TI - Endogenous opioid poisoning? PMID- 6800498 TI - Serum sickness due to hair straightener. PMID- 6800499 TI - Mumps virus isolated from a fetus. PMID- 6800500 TI - Chest infection caused by Lactobacillus casei ss rhamnosus. PMID- 6800502 TI - Influences on prescribing. PMID- 6800501 TI - Faecal peritonitis after laxative preparation for barium enema. PMID- 6800504 TI - Great Chapel Street Medical Centre. PMID- 6800503 TI - Do appointment systems work? PMID- 6800505 TI - You're never here . . . I'm never there. PMID- 6800506 TI - William Price of Llantrisant--1800-1893. PMID- 6800508 TI - Do general practitioner deliveries constitute a perinatal mortality risk? AB - In recent years local perinatal mortality experience has been on the agenda of most health district management teams. Nationally available data have been criticised for failing to take into account determinants beyond the influence of existing health services such as lethal congenital malformations. In response to local concern about perinatal mortality rate in Oxfordshire AHA(T) the crude data were refined by using simple epidemiological techniques. This failed to show that a high proportion of general practitioner deliveries constituted a major perinatal risk. PMID- 6800509 TI - Psychological and social evaluation in cases of deliberate self-poisoning seen in an accident department. AB - The outcome in 115 consecutive patients with mild self-poisoning seen by junior medical staff and discharged from the accident department was compared with that of 98 similar patients admitted to the medical wards. Psychiatrists saw only four patients in the accident department and 25 admissions. In making their assessments the junior medical staff considered psychosocial factors as well as the patients' physical condition. Most patients recommended for further care, and discharged from the accident department, subsequently received it. Repetition rates were similar in the two groups and there had been no suicides when patients were followed up at one year. It is feasible for junior staff in an accident department to decide whether patients with self-poisoning need admission or may be discharged with or without subsequent referral for psychiatric or social work help. PMID- 6800507 TI - Cost-effectiveness study of outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy. AB - In a randomised controlled trial comparing the outcome of two groups of men aged 16-45 one group received outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy and the other did not. In clinical aspects of knee function there was no significant difference between the test group and control group measured at specified intervals up to 26 weeks postoperatively. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the groups in the time taken to return to work or in the mean fall in take-home pay as a result of meniscectomy. The mean cost per patient of providing outpatient physiotherapy in the test group was 23 pounds at 1976 prices. Thus the least costly way of returning male patients aged 16-45 to activity is by not providing routine outpatient physiotherapy after medial meniscectomy. Further randomised controlled trials are, however, required to determine the value of physiotherapy in other age groups and other conditions. PMID- 6800510 TI - Ventricular fibrillation induced by xipamide. PMID- 6800511 TI - ABC of alcohol. Help: referral. PMID- 6800512 TI - The starving of the medical schools. PMID- 6800513 TI - Cancer and patients with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 6800514 TI - Insect-sting encephalopathy. PMID- 6800515 TI - Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure in the absence of fulminant liver damage. PMID- 6800518 TI - Gastrointestinal haemorrhage and benoxaprofen. PMID- 6800516 TI - Intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 6800519 TI - Fractures during ice and snow. PMID- 6800517 TI - Severe metabolic alkalosis. PMID- 6800520 TI - Outlook for hip replacement. PMID- 6800522 TI - ABC of alcohol. PMID- 6800521 TI - Clonazepam: effective treatment for restless legs syndrome in uraemia. PMID- 6800523 TI - Assessment of iron stores in inflammation by assay of serum ferritin concentrations. PMID- 6800524 TI - Fake! PMID- 6800525 TI - Gonadotrophin and the human secondary sex ratio. PMID- 6800528 TI - Lead in petrol. PMID- 6800527 TI - Masturbation and fornication. PMID- 6800529 TI - Stopping the haemorrhage from peptic ulcers. PMID- 6800530 TI - Recurrent cancer after restorative resection of the rectum. PMID- 6800526 TI - Smoking, IgE, and occupational allergy. PMID- 6800531 TI - The hyperkinetic child: two views. PMID- 6800532 TI - Schools of public health. PMID- 6800533 TI - Treatment of hypertension with ketanserin, a new selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist. AB - The new selective 5-HT2 receptor blocking agent ketanserin was given in a dose of 10 mg intravenously to 12 patients with essential hypertension. It caused a distinct fall in supine systemic arterial, right atrial, pulmonary artery, and pulmonary capillary "wedge" pressures. Cardiac output, renal blood flow, and glomerular filtration rate showed no persistent changes. Thus 5-HT2 receptor blockade caused dilatation of both resistance and capacitance vessels and of the renal vascular bed. Heart rate and plasma concentrations of renin and noradrenaline rose after ketanserin. These data suggest that 5-HT may have a role in maintaining high blood pressure. PMID- 6800534 TI - Sodium-potassium cotransport activity as genetic marker in essential hypertension. AB - Sodium-potassium cotransport activity is thought to be defective in essential hypertension and could be a useful genetic marker for susceptibility to essential hypertension. In this study cotransport activity in subjects with hypertension was compared with that in normotensive controls. The effects of ethnic differences, environment, and antihypertensive drugs were also studied. Mean cotransport activity was lower in hypertensive subjects than in controls of the same ethnic groups. There was, however, a large overlap between controls and hypertensive subjects. No ethnic or environmental influences were found. The large overlap found suggests that sodium-potassium cotransport activity is not a useful genetic marker in essential hypertension. PMID- 6800537 TI - Comparison of surgical and medical management of bleeding peptic ulcers. AB - During 1975-80, 908 patients admitted to Nottingham hospitals with gastrointestinal bleeding and found to have gastric or duodenal ulcers were analysed retrospectively for short-term outcome of treatment. Overall one-quarter of all patients underwent operation, but when the years 1975-7 were compared with 1978-80 the operation rate fell from one in three to just over one in five. Death rates were much lower in patients treated medically than in those who underwent operation, and the risks of operation were greater for patients with gastric ulcer. Less conventional operations were attended by greater mortality. Almost all patients who died during medical treatment and three-quarters of those who died after operation were over 65. No differences in age or clear variations in haemoglobin concentrations or transfusion requirements were found between the earlier and later periods. Reduction in operation rates had no appreciable effect on mortality, despite the accepted view that early operation is advisable. PMID- 6800536 TI - Outcome of endoscopy and barium radiography for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding: controlled trial in 1037 patients. AB - A study was conducted to find whether the higher diagnostic yield of endoscopy compared with barium radiography improves management or survival in patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. A total of 1037 patients were entered into a randomised study comparing the outcomes after each investigation. The diagnostic yield in patients who underwent endoscopy was 73% (382 of 526 cases) and in those examined by radiography 55% (280 of 511 cases). A fifth of the patients in the radiology group and a tenth of those in the endoscopy group subsequently underwent the alternative investigation; in most cases, however, no additional diagnostic information was obtained. Operation rates were similar in two groups, though patients in the endoscopy group were generally operated on sooner. Mortality rates were also similar in the two groups, though postoperative mortality was higher in the endoscopy group. Endoscopy may be a more accurate means of diagnosis than radiography, but it offers no short-term benefits in management. PMID- 6800538 TI - Circadian variation in disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis as measured by repeated estimation of joint pain, stiffness, articular index, and grip strength was shown to have a circadian rythm, maximal activity being seen between 0200 and 0400 and minimal activity in the early afternoon. This variation in disease activity may be related to circadian alterations in immune and inflammatory responses (such as immune complexes and neutrophil function) dependent on alterations in circulating concentrations of steroids. The circadian variation in disease activity has important implications in assessment of patients, prescription of drugs, and performance of drug trials. PMID- 6800535 TI - Listeria monocytogenes meningitis and decreased phagocytosis associated with iron overload. AB - A patient with Listeria monocytogenes meningitis was found to have idiopathic haemochromatosis and monocytes with reduced phagocytic capacity. The phagocytic function recovered completely after a series of therapeutic phlebotomies. In vitro iron had a deleterious effect on the phagocytic capacity of monocytes and granulocytes. These findings show that iron overload in the host can increase susceptibility to L monocytogenes infection not only by increasing the virulence of the organism but also by reducing the phagocytic capacity of the monocytes. PMID- 6800540 TI - Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning with peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6800541 TI - Lupus foot. PMID- 6800542 TI - Hyponatraemia in Legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6800539 TI - Community care compared with hospital outpatient care for hypertensive patients. AB - Three hundred and seventy-six patients with treated diastolic blood pressures of less than 105 mm Hg and no history of accelerated hypertension or renal failure were selected from among those attending the Hammersmith Hospital hypertension clinic. Their average lying treated blood pressure was 146 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic and average age 56 years; 18% were black, 6% Asian, and 76% white. The patients were mostly having multiple treatment, 90% receiving a diuretic, 35% methyldopa, 33% propranolol, 18% atenolol, 9% hydrallazine, and 7% bethanidine. They were randomly allocated to either two years of further hospital outpatient care or referred back to their general practitioners. During the two years 19 (10%) of the 187 patients followed up in hospital defaulted and three had their treatment discontinued. Twelve (6%) of the 189 followed up by their general practitioners defaulted from follow-up and nine had their treatment discontinued. At the end of the trial the average lying blood pressure was 148 mm Hg systolic and 88 mm Hg diastolic in the hospital group and 149 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic in the general practice group. The change in blood pressure was calculated for each individual and showed an average fall of 1.6 mm Hg in standing diastolic pressure in the hospital group and a rise of 1.4 mm Hg in the general practice group (p less than 0.05). The 90% confidence limits for a difference in standing diastolic pressure between the groups were 1 and 5 mm Hg with the pressure lower in the hospital group. General practice care was not quite as effective in controlling blood pressure as continued specialist supervision over two years in this selected group of treated outpatients with mild or moderate hypertension, but these results show that the discharge back to general practitioners of patients who are well controlled after hospital treatment is a sensible policy. PMID- 6800546 TI - Many a slip. PMID- 6800543 TI - Acute hypertension after traumatic renal artery thrombosis with high circulating concentrations of angiotensin II. PMID- 6800544 TI - Simplified banking of human milk. PMID- 6800545 TI - A J Macleod of North Uist. PMID- 6800547 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6800548 TI - Organising a practice. Practising from purpose-built premises. PMID- 6800549 TI - Tuberculosis: who should prescribe? PMID- 6800552 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Accidents. PMID- 6800551 TI - Fungal endocarditis in a patient with acute leukaemia treated by valve replacement. PMID- 6800550 TI - Survey of pulmonary tuberculosis in south and west Wales (1976-8). AB - In routine clinical practice 20% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were treated with the regimen recommended by the British Thoracic Association after the British trial of short-course chemotherapy. Despite the use of several regimens that could be considered inadequate, no patients from the survey within south and west Wales appears to have relapsed yet. Deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis continue at the same rate as 10 years ago. Patient default remains a difficult problem even with modern, less toxic, short-course regimens. PMID- 6800553 TI - A question of dishonesty. PMID- 6800554 TI - Episiotomy. PMID- 6800555 TI - Data on perinatal mortality. PMID- 6800556 TI - Dangerous cots. PMID- 6800557 TI - Oestrogen receptors and survival in early breast cancer. PMID- 6800558 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of lactose intolerance. PMID- 6800560 TI - Registrar substitutes and the district general hospital. PMID- 6800559 TI - Changes in glycosylated haemoglobin after oral glucose load. PMID- 6800562 TI - Amygdalar noradrenergic and dopaminergic mechanisms in the regulation of hunger and thirst-motivated behavior. AB - The feeding behavior of rats was studied after neurochemical damage of the amygdalar terminal fields of mesolimbic dopaminergic (DA) and coerular noradrenergic (NA) pathways. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 6-hydroxydopa (6 OHDOPA) were injected bilaterally into the central part of amygdala. 6-OHDA was also injected after desmethylimipramine (DMI) pretreatment in order to study the selective destruction of DA terminals. The body weight increased after 6-OHDA injection and a mild hyperphagia and hyperdipsia developed. The 6-OHDA plus DMI treatment resulted in body weight decrease, hypophagia and hypodipsia. These effects were dose-dependent. While a high dose of 6-OHDOPA (15 mug/mul) decreased the body weight, an increase of weight was observed after a low dose (4 mug/0.5 mul). After 6-OHDA, 6-OHDA plus DMI or the high dose of 6-OHDOPA the DA concentration dropped significantly in the amygdala while low-dose 6-OHDOPA resulted in DA increase. In every case there was a parallel change in striatal DA content. The amygdalar NA concentration decreased after both 6-OHDA and the high dose of 6-OHDOPA. There was no change in NA levels after 6-OHDA plus DMI treatment and the NA concentration increased after the injection of a low dose of 6-OHDOPA. When DA/NA ratio was calculated the results showed that body weight increases were accompanied by a relative deficit in NA while a relative deficit of DA was present if body weight decreased. Our results suggest that the amygdalar balance of these transmitters may play an important role in the regulation of body weight and the contradictions of results with electrolytic lesions in the amygdala can be resolved at transmitter level. PMID- 6800561 TI - Acute Babesia bovis infections: metabolic and blood gas changes during infection. PMID- 6800563 TI - Power spectral analysis of inspiratory nerve activity in the decerebrate cat. AB - To investigate the high frequency oscillations observed in the inspiratory activity of respiratory motor nerves of decerebrate cats, we applied a signal processing technique, power spectral analysis, to the electrical activity of the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. We found two peaks in the phrenic nerve power spectral densities, one at 88.1 +/- 6.4 Hz (mean +/- S.D.) and the other at 37.1 +/- 9.7 Hz, and two peaks for the recurrent laryngeal nerve, at 87.4 +/- 10.1 Hz and at 55.4 +/- 5.1 Hz. We identified 3 factors affecting the peaks. Anesthetics reduced or eliminated the 88 Hz peak and produced new low frequency peaks in the phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves. Increasing end-tidal CO2 decreased the bandwidth of the 88 Hz peak and increased its amplitude relative to that of the low frequency peak. Decreasing body temperature from 38 to 30 degrees C reduced the frequency of the 88 Hz peak by 5.0 Hz/degrees C. The power spectral density of the phrenic nerve activity differed from that of the recurrent laryngeal nerve activity because the single fibers in each nerve had different power spectral densities. About 70% of the fibers recorded in a nerve had power spectral densities similar to that of the whole nerve. A minority of the phrenic nerve fibers had the same low spectral peak as the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and conversely, a minority of the recurrent laryngeal fibers had the same low spectral peak as the phrenic nerve. Bilateral removal of the dorsal respiratory group eliminated the high frequency peak in the power spectral density of the phrenic nerve and the peripheral reflexes, but rhythmic bursts of inspiratory activity remained. From these findings we hypothesized that there are two central respiratory pattern generators in the brain stem with parallel pathways to the respiratory motoneurons. PMID- 6800564 TI - Further studies on the effects of intravenously administered 6-hydroxydopamine on the median eminence of the rat. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) given i.v. in a dose of 150 mg/kg to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats produces at 24 h a complete depletion of median eminence (ME) and neurointermediate lobe (NIL) catecholamines (CA), as judged by Falck-Hillarp fluorescence histochemistry, leaving the remainder of the hypothalamus substantially unaltered. Restoration of a normal fluorescence histochemical appearance took place over 35 days, apparently due to regeneration of CA containing terminals. Administration of desipramine prior to 6-OHDA injection modified its effect; depletion was largely confined to the midline region of the external layer of the ME and to the NIL, suggesting that these regions contain dopaminergic terminals. Microspectrofluorometric methods were used in an attempt to verify this conclusion. It is suggested that this technique provides a model for establishing the role of ME and NIL CA-containing structures in control of pituitary gland function. PMID- 6800565 TI - Adaptive response of carotid body chemoreceptors to CO2. AB - Carotid body chemoreceptor responses to sudden changes in pETCO2 (end-tidal tracheal CO2 partial pressure) and paCO2 (arterial CO2 partial pressure) from one stable state to another at a constant level of PETO2 (end-tidal tracheal O2 partial pressure) and paO2 (arterial O2 partial pressure) were studied in 18 anesthetized cats. Chemoreceptor activity was recorded from single or pauci-fiber filaments of a cut sinus nerve. During a hypercapnic stimulus by CO2 inhalation the discharge rate rapidly increased to a peak and then adapted to a lower level in 20-30 s showing an overshoot in the response. Likewise, withdrawal of the hypercapnic stimulus was followed by an undershoot in chemoreceptor activity. Hypoxia decreased the latency of the response and increased the overshoot and stable state responses to hypercapnia. The responses to step paCO2 increases by blood perfusion were qualitatively similar but the latency and time to peak amplitude were shorter and the peak amplitude was larger at any given perfusate pO2. The stable state responses to a given paCO2 achieved by CO2 inhalation or by blood perfusion were similar. The transient overshoot and undershoot in the activity produced by the increase and decrease in paCO2 were blocked by acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. The results are best explained by postulating that in the carotid body tissue, H+ is generated from CO2 in one compartment in the presence of carbonic anhydrase and is transported to another containing the receptor site in a pO2 dependent way--a high pO2 attenuating and a low pO2 augmenting it. PMID- 6800568 TI - The organization of the connections between the cortex and the claustrum in the monkey. AB - The distribution of labelled cells and of extracellular granules in the claustrum has been studied after injections of horseradish peroxidase in several areas of the neocortex. The frontal and parietal lobes are related to the anterior and posterior halves respectively of the claustrum, and the occipital and temporal cortex to the posterior and inferior margins. Parts of the claustrum related to areas of the cortex in the frontal lobe overlap considerably in the antero posterior dimension with parts related to widely separated but interconnected areas of the parieto-temporal cortex. Areas of cortex within one lobe which are interconnected are related to parts of the claustrum which overlap in the dorsoventral dimension. PMID- 6800566 TI - Evidence for dopamine autoreceptors controlling dopamine synthesis in the substantia nigra. AB - The effect of apomorphine and haloperidol on DOPA accumulation after inhibition of DOPA decarboxylase activity with NSD 1015 was compared in the substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus (CN) of normal rats and rats deprived of nigral afferences from the striatum by means of intrastriatal kainic acid. In normal rats apomorphine decreased DOPA accumulation to the same extent in both the SN and CN. However, haloperidol produced a more pronounced increase in DOPA accumulation in the CN than in the SN. The effect of both drugs still persisted in the SN and CN after destruction of the neuronal strionigral feedback loop with kainic acid. The results provide evidence for the existence of nigral dopamine autoreceptors controlling dopamine synthesis in the SN. PMID- 6800567 TI - Neuronal localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase within the rat olfactory tubercle. AB - We have used selective chemical lesions to localize dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase within the rat olfactory tubercle. Stereotaxic injections were made directly into the tubercle with kainic acid, or with 6-OH dopamine. Animals were sacrificed 3 days later by decapitation and homogenates of the olfactory tubercle were assayed for dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. The kainic acid lesion reduced the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity by 80% as compared to values from sham lesioned or unlesioned controls. Homogenates of 6-OH dopamine treated tubercles were slightly greater in dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity than untreated controls. Sections from kainic acid-treated tubercles showed extensive neuronal losses with increased numbers of glial cells. Examination of 6-OH dopamine-treated tissue by glyoxylic acid-induced histofluorescence established the loss of dopaminergic terminals.The marked decrease of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase accompanying the selective loss of neurons (kainic acid treatment) but not accompanying the loss of dopaminergic terminals (6-OH dopamine treatment) suggests that this enzyme occurs in the neurons and not in the glia or in the dopaminergic terminals of this region. PMID- 6800569 TI - [Circulating thyroid hormones in non-thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6800572 TI - [Hydroxyapatite microcrystals in synovial mitochondria in human and experimental rheumatism]. AB - This paper deals with mitochondria microcrystal deposition in some human inflammatory rheumatism and in experimental arthritis. Hydroxyapatite microcrystals were observed in Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and Reiter Syndrome (RS) but never in rheumatoid synovitis nor in chondrocalcinosis synovitis. In Rat and Rabbit experimental arthritis, they were always seen in mitochondria as in AS and RS and never in lysosomes. This fact suggests mitochondrial abnormalities in calcium metabolism, which may be a consequence of synovial inflammation in a susceptible host. PMID- 6800571 TI - [Ultrastructural visualization of binding and internalization of cholera and tetanuts toxins]. AB - In monolayer cultures of a liver line, a population of non-coated membrane microinvaginations is preferentially involved in both the initial binding and subsequent internalization of colloidal gold-labelled cholera and tetanus toxins. These two toxins thus appear to be internalized via another pathway than most other polypeptide ligands studied, which enter cells via coated plasma membrane invaginations. PMID- 6800570 TI - Changing patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic sensitivity. AB - Using a sample of 71 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected burns patients admitted to the Burns Injury Unit of the Royal Brisbane Hospital within an 11-year period the pattern of sensitivity of the organism to 18 antibiotics was studied longitudinally looking at first and last cultures (either pus, blood or sputum) separately. Only 5 antibiotics reflected a significant change (towards resistance) in sensitivity patterns (chloramphenicol, gentamycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, achromycin). Six of the other 13 antibiotics showed a trend towards increasing resistance but the changes were not statistically significant (polymyxin B, carbenicillin, sulphanomides, cotrimoxazole, streptomycin, teramycin). The other 7 antibiotics showed no change, all but one (colistin) being resistant throughout. PMID- 6800574 TI - [Incompatible SLA bone marrow graft in swine after fractional irradiation and administration of cyclosporin A]. AB - A series of fractionated partial irradiations which consisted of either 3 gray x 6 times or 3 gray x 4 times, combined with pharmacological immunosuppression (Cyclosporin A: Cs-A) ensure a SLA semidifferent bone marrow graft in the pig. Bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes chimerism was readily detectable. No graft versus host disease (GVHD) symptoms were noticed as long as Cs-A was given at a sufficient dose. However when Cs-A treatment was stopped GVHD or rejection of the graft developed rapidly. PMID- 6800573 TI - [Increase in dismutase activity in splenic leukocytes of mice sensitive to BCG and Mycobacterium lepraemurium]. AB - A marked enhancement of superoxide dismutase activity was evidenced when Mice receptive to BCG and Mycobacterium lepraemurium were infected. Such increase was not found in non receptive Mice. This seems related to a genetic factor of the breed of Mice studied. PMID- 6800575 TI - [In vitro study of comparative immunosuppressive activity of sera from pregnant women on an in vitro cellular cytotoxic reaction]. AB - By means of an adaptation of a well-known in vitro cellular cytotoxic reaction we can demonstrate: 1. a strong immunosuppressive non-specific activity of sera from pregnant women; 2. a decrease or an absence of immunosuppressive activity of sera from pregnant women submitted to several spontaneous abortions; 3. we propose a reliable and simple test allowing us to predict the outcome of abortions. PMID- 6800577 TI - [Occurrence of recombination nodules in the synaptonemal complex of the human oocyte at the pachytene stage]. AB - In the human oocyte at pachytene the synaptonemal complex displayed electron dense bodies mostly oval shaped and associated with the central element. Their dimensions were about 50 x 100 nm. The morphological features of these bodies were similar to those of recombination nodules observed in germinal cells of a number of animal and plant species. PMID- 6800578 TI - [Disparity between the effect of glucose and arginine on insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas of non insulin dependent diabetic rats]. AB - Insulin secretion was evaluated with the isolated perfused pancreas in a Rat model of non insulin-dependent diabetes (type II diabetes). In the diabetic Rats, pancreatic insulin stores were twice as low as in the controls. The amount of insulin release was expressed as a percentage of the insulin content in each pancreas. With perfusate glucose at 5.5 mM, the basal insulin secretion in the diabetics was not significantly different from that in the controls. With perfusate glucose at 16.2 mM, the diabetic pancreases exhibited 2 distinct patterns of response: in some Rats the insulin output expressed as a percentage of the insulin content of the pancreas was not different from the controls, while in the others there was no response to glucose. By contrast, with arginine (19.2 mM) the response was decreased to the same extent in all the diabetics. Thus some diabetic Rats exhibit a selective functional defect concerning the response to glucose contrasting with the preservation of the basal insulin release and of the response to arginine. PMID- 6800576 TI - [Evidence for testosterone induced prealbumin secretion in ram epididymis]. AB - The fluids of the Rete Testis and of the different areas of the epididymis (caput, corpus, cauda) were collected by micropuncture of the Rete Testis or the epididymal duct from caput and corpus of normal Rams (n = 3) and 4 months orchidectomized Rams having in the last month a subcutaneous implant testosterone (200 mg) which delivered a constant rate of testosterone for 4 weeks. Homogenates of epididymal tissues from orchidectomized Rams (3 months) were prepared in saline (n = 4). All samples diluted in saline, were centrifuged and submitted to polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis (7.5% acrylamide) at pH 8.3. Results showed an alpha-globulin Rf 1.1 whose molecular weight was approximately 105,000 D which was clearly detected into the fluid of the caput or corpus epididymis, weakly in the cauda epididymis of normal Rams and at the 3 levels of the epididymis of the testosterone supplemented castrates; it was absent in tissues of castrated Rams not supplemented with testosterone supplemented castrates; it was absent in tissues of castrated Rams not supplemented with testosterone. Results were discussed according to epididymal sperm maturation. PMID- 6800580 TI - [Absence of ipsilateral retinal projections after very early prenatal destruction of one eye in mice]. AB - Mice embryos underwent unilateral destruction of one eye, in utero between 13 (E 13) and 17 days (E 17) of gestation, or at birth. The extension of the retinal projections from the remaining eye was determined, after birth, using the technique of anterograde transport of HRP. The results show that enucleations performed between E 15 and birth (E 19) result in the formation of an augmented ipsilateral pathway, the terminal extent of which does not depend greatly upon the exact timing of enucleation. However, following enucleations at E 13, the projections from the remaining eye are only crossed, there being practically no projections to the ipsilateral side of the brain. PMID- 6800579 TI - [Heterocellular coupling in cultures of endocrine pancreatic cells]. AB - The intracellular injection of 6-carboxyfluorescein in endocrine cells of cultured Rat pancreas followed by the characterization, by electron microscopy, of the injected cells shows that the dye is transferred from the injected cell into adjacent cells, presumably by gap junctions (nexus) = intercellular coupling. The transfer occurs not only between insulin-containing cells (B cells), but also between B-cells and glucagon containing cells (A-cells) or somatostatin-containing cells (D-cells). The demonstration of homo- and heterocellular coupling in the endocrine pancreas supports the hypothesis that a direct exchange of molecules between islet cells may participate in the regulation of the secretory behavior of the islet of Langerhans. PMID- 6800581 TI - [Antigen L, a new antigen from tubercle bacilli active in delayed hypersensitivity in animals sensitized with living bacilli (B.C.G.)]. AB - This report described the occurrence of an antigen in the tubercle bacilli. The antigen, designated antigen L, was mainly active in delayed hypersensitivity reaction in Guinea Pigs sensitized with living bacilli such as the B.C.G. strain. It was found in cultures filtrates of bovine strains as well as the human strains of tubercle bacilli. PMID- 6800582 TI - [Tubular filamentous intranuclear inclusions on multinucleated cells of bone giant cell tumors]. AB - Electron microscopy revealed tubular filamentous inclusions within nuclei of giant cells in 22 per cent of 31 cases of genuine giant cell tumours of bone. These inclusions are, both on biopsy and on culture, similar to those of osteoclasts of Paget's disease but less constant, less numerous and mainly intranuclear. Controls by the study of giant multinucleated cells from osseous and extra osseous lesions were negative. PMID- 6800583 TI - [Immunocytochemical characterization of neurosecretory systems producing mesotocin and vasotocin in the brain of several Lacertidae]. AB - Using immunofluorescent techniques vasotocin (VT) and mesotocin (MT) neurosecretory systems were identified in the brain of Lacertidae: one european species and of two south-algerian species. In the 3 species MT and VT was shown to be synthetized in specific neurons located in the anterior preoptic area (POA), the supraoptic (SON) and in the paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. The axons originating in SON and PVN were ending either in the external zone of the rostral median eminence (ME) near to the adenohypophysial portal vessels, or in the neural lobe. In Lacerta muralis the neurosecretory axons of the POA terminated in the vicinity of the vascular organ of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), while in the two desertic species several additional fibers extended more rostrally toward the olfactory peduncle (PO). A short exposure to cold (+ 4 degrees C) of some specimens of Lacerta muralis induced a differential response in the dorsal and ventral parts of the NPV, respectively. Whereas the dorsal part remained unchanged, the ventral part, instead appeared then of essentially composed of small neurons void of secretory granules. Cold exposure also led to a marked accumulation of both MT and VT in the internal zone of the ME, and of VT only, in the external ME zone. On the other hand, a conspicuous amount of MT appeared in adenohypophysial cells. PMID- 6800584 TI - [Female sex behavior of male rats castrated at birth and given female sex hormones: effects of hour of castration]. AB - Female sexual behaviour of male Rats castrated at birth and treated with female sexual hormones: effects of hour of castration. Male Rats castrated at 0 hr and injected with aestradiol and progesterone as adults display a typical female sexual behaviour. The probability of them showing the lordotic reflex is significantly lower when castration is performed at 6 or 12 hrs. This result suggests that, during the 6 first postnatal hours, Rats testes could influence the adult sexual behaviour. PMID- 6800585 TI - [Regulation of metabolic activity of intracerebellar nuclei]. AB - The metabolic activity of the intracerebellar nuclei was studied in the cat, using the radioautographic method of marking active brain structures with 14C-2 deoxyglucose. Electrical stimulation of afferent fibers in the muscle nerve of an extrinsic eye muscle was used to activate mossy and climbing cerebellar afferents. A heavy bilateral labelling of the posterior parts of the fastigial nuclei was consistently obtained compared to controls. This result could no longer be obtained after ablation or inactivation of the cerebellar cortex overlying this part of the fastigial nuclei. PMID- 6800586 TI - [A protocol of selective evolution against theoretical doublet code non-sense]. AB - The connection of codons in the matrix representing the genetic code has to be viewed in conjunction with the optimisation laws against mutation effects. One of the principal effects seems to be represented by selection against non sense. An evolution model by dynamic vocabulary extensive of doublet codes optimised against the occurrence of terminators is presented in detail. This work can be extended to triplet codes. PMID- 6800587 TI - [Vitelline morphogenesis in a teratocarcinoma of mice]. AB - Morphogenesis like cyto-differentiation is expressed in Mouse teratocarcinomas. The presence in certain tumours, of yolk-sac cavities combining trophoblast, Reichert's membranes and parietal distal endoderm in spite of the absence of included embryoid structures, suggests that there is a precursor cell common to there extra-embryonic components. PMID- 6800589 TI - Cutaneous malignant melanoma: prognostic guidelines for physicians and patients. PMID- 6800590 TI - Whole body hyperthermia as an anticancer agent. PMID- 6800588 TI - Current status of fecal occult blood testing in screening for colorectal cancer. PMID- 6800591 TI - Retroperitoneal seminoma. PMID- 6800592 TI - Stage C pure choriocarcinoma of the testis: a potentially curable lesion. PMID- 6800593 TI - Can colposcopy replace conization? AB - The reintroduction of colposcopy and the introduction of outpatient therapy have significantly altered the management of the woman with an abnormal Pap smear. Routine conization is no longer considered mandatory, particularly for the lower grades of CIN. We estimate that over 10,000 gynecologists in North America have received instruction in colposcopy. Virtually every teaching hospital and medical center has colposcopy available. It is a valuable evaluative tool, particularly with the increasing risk of CIN in young women and the fact that more women are delaying childbearing until the third and fourth decades of life. The technique does, however, require a rigorous period of training, significant experience, and strict adherence to an established evaluation protocol. In the hands of the neophyte, the consequences of in-appropriate evaluation of the woman with an abnormal Pap smear can be tragic. PMID- 6800594 TI - Carcinoid tumors of the alimentary tract. PMID- 6800595 TI - [Breastfeeding of infants of 0-6 months of age in Shanghai (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800597 TI - [A study on the nutritional status of lactating mothers and the nutrition content of their breast milk (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800596 TI - [Nutritional survey in urban nurseries and kindergartens of Beijing during 1979 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800598 TI - [Protein and preschool child growth---a contrast between the results of two nutritional surveys (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800599 TI - [Structural analysis of a new slow migration variant of hemoglobin---Hb Duan (alpha 75(EF4)Asp leads to Ala) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800601 TI - [Studies on human macrophages. IV. The effect of monocyte-macrophage on lymphoproliferative response to mitogens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800600 TI - [Hb Wuming (alpha 11 (A9) Lys leads to Glu)---a new variant found in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800602 TI - [Carcinogenic effects of 131I and 132I observed in the thyroid glands of rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800605 TI - [Surgical treatment of common atrium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800604 TI - [Laboratory and clinical study on dimethylcurine methochloride---a neuromuscular blocking agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800603 TI - [Mechanism of the action of Yuanhuacine to induce labor during mid pregnancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800606 TI - [Etiology and management of chronic cor pulmonale in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800607 TI - [Microcirculatory blood flow in severely frostbitten tissues of rabbits and the effect of compound 724 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800608 TI - [Radial tunnel syndrome (with report of 6 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800612 TI - [Embryonic sex determination during early pregnancy by X chromatin of chorionic cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800609 TI - [The relationship between smoking and lung cancer---analysis of clinical data (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800610 TI - [Keshan disease in children and its dietary prevention (author's transl]. PMID- 6800611 TI - [Clinical significance of lactic osmotic concentration and renal loading (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800613 TI - [Ovarian cyst operation under acupuncture anesthesia--analysis of 150 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800617 TI - [The relationship between the onset of acute myocardial infarction and meteorological changes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800614 TI - [Paravertebral abscess penetrating into lung in patients with thoracico-vertebral tuberculosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800618 TI - [A study on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for HBsAg]. PMID- 6800615 TI - [The epidemic of dengue fever at Shiwanzhen of Forshan City in 1978 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800619 TI - [A preliminary report on the prevalence of sabin-feldman dye-test antibodies in the sera of an adult population (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800616 TI - [Clinical analysis of 583 cases of dengue fever (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800621 TI - [Three methods for the analysis of follow-up data (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800622 TI - [Deficiency of essential fatty acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800620 TI - [Processing and display of pattern information in medical engineering (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800623 TI - Potentially lethal interaction of cimetidine and morphine. PMID- 6800624 TI - Listeriosis at Vancouver General Hospital, 1965-79. AB - The records were reviewed of all patients treated at the Vancouver General Hospital over the 15 years from 1965 through 1979 for infections proved by culture to have been caused by Listeria monocytogenes. Although listeriosis is not common in humans, certain groups seem to be susceptible - immunocompromised patients, pregnant women, neonates and the elderly. All these groups were represented among the 22 cases reviewed. There were 17 adults, 3 of whom were pregnant women who had only a mild influenza-like illness. Of the remaining 14 adults 9 were immunocompromised and 5 apparently immunocompetent; 7 presented with meningitis and 7 with bacteremia only. Of the five infants with neonatal listeriosis, two had early-onset disease (bacteremia) and three had the late onset form (meningitis). Seven patients were treated with penicillin alone, seven with ampicillin alone and eight with penicillin or ampicillin combined with kanamycin, gentamicin or chloramphenicol. There were eight deaths: several were directly attributable to the listeriosis, but in others the severity of the underlying illness was an important factor. Serotypes 1 and 4b were equally common among the 16 specimens of L. monocytogenes that were typed. PMID- 6800625 TI - Limitations of the direct immunofluorescence test for antibody-coated bacteria in determining the site of urinary tract infections in children. AB - The results of the direct immunofluorescence test for antibody-coated bacteria to determine the site of a urinary tract infection do not always correlate with the clinical data. When this test was performed on urine specimens from 282 children with significant bacteriuria, false-negative and false-positive results were observed in 20% (19/94) and 52% (19/188) of the specimens. Contamination of the specimen during collection and the presence of Fc receptors (receptors for the crystallizable fragment of the immunoglobulin molecule) on the surface of some strains of Staphylococcus aureus yielded false-positive results, and stools and vaginal secretions were shown to be potential sources of antibody-coated bacteria. It is suggested that for children this test be run on urine collected by bladder puncture. The use of conjugated anti-IgG antiserum containing only F(ab')2 (the antigen-binding fragments of the IgG molecule) is also recommended to eliminate false-positive results due to the presence of Fc receptors on the bacterial surface. PMID- 6800628 TI - Preoperative irradiation and cystectomy for bladder cancer. AB - Between 1971 and 1974, 101 patients at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center underwent planned integrated treatment for bladder cancer with 2000 rads by megavoltage delivered to the whole pelvis over five consecutive days followed by radical cystectomy within a week. The overall five-year survival rate was 39%; the hospital mortality rate was 2%. In the pelvis alone tumor recurred in 9% of the patients. These results support other studies demonstrating the efficacy of this and other regimens of preoperative irradiation and cystectomy. PMID- 6800627 TI - Malignant intraocular tumors. AB - The role of the radiation therapist in the management of malignant intraocular tumors is changing. With more active identification of malignant intraocular tumors, and a better recognization of the manner in which one can deal with problems of radiation sensitivity, radiation techniques of all sorts will be more actively employed in the treatment of these tumors. Special techniques must be selected for appropriate circumstances of management in order to diminish to an absolute minimum the impact upon the lens, the impact upon visual acuity and the impact upon the cornea. Cobalt-60 plaques are being used more commonly in the treatment of melanomas of the choroid, and the role for radiation therapy in the management of retinoblastoma is changing markably to where it may be used as the primary treatment program rather than enucleation. In metastatic disease involving the uveal tract, radiation therapy has assumed the most important role for management. Chemotherapy should be considered as an active adjuvant in the management of not only those individuals with retinoblastoma but also in those identified circumstances where metastases to the uveal tract are being treated. The role for chemotherapy or immunotherapy in malignant melanoma is unclear. PMID- 6800626 TI - Seroepidemiologic aspects of Neisseria meningitidis in homosexual men. AB - Neisseria meningitidis has been isolated with increasing frequency from specimens obtained from patients attending venereal disease clinics and is an occasional cause of genital infection. Among 383 homosexual men attending either a venereal disease clinic or a community screening clinic meningococci were cultured from specimens obtained from 35.0% of all the subjects, and with similar frequency in the two groups. Of the positive specimens 93.5% were from the throat, 5.8% from the rectum and 0.72% from the urethra. The serogroups and serotypes of the isolates were characteristic of those commonly found in nasopharyngeal specimens from other asymptomatic carriers. Gonococci were isolated from 8.6% of all the subjects and were 1.4 times more common in those who also harboured meningococci. Of the cultures positive for gonococci, 14.7% were from the throat and 85.3% from the rectum. The two bacteria were rarely isolated from the same site in the same individual. Gonococci, but not meningococci, were significantly more common (P less than 0.05) in the group attending the venereal disease, clinic than in the group attending the screening clinic, the rates being 17.1% and 7.0%. PMID- 6800629 TI - A controlled, prospective, randomized trial evaluating the metabolic effects of enteral and parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. AB - In order to evaluate the metabolic effects of enteral versus parenteral nutritional support in the cancer patient, patients with localized, squamous cell carcinoma of the distal esophagus were randomized to one of three nutritional regimens: oral feeding, jejunal feeding, or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Patients were initially studied in the postabsorptive state and again two weeks after beginning, and while receiving, enteral or parenteral feedings. Radioisotopic tracer methods were utilized to evaluate parameters of glucose and alanine kinetics, and arterial substrate and hormone levels were measured. Arterial plasma glucose and blood lactate levels increased and plasma free fatty acid, serum triglyceride, and serum cholesterol levels decreased to comparable levels in patients receiving jejunal feedings or TPN. Changes in serum insulin, plasma glucagon, serum cortisol, serum growth hormone, and serum thyroxine were similar in patients receiving enteral and parenteral nutrition. Enteral and parenteral nutrition also had comparable effects on both alanine and glucose kinetics. In particular, both jejunal feedings and TPN were equally efficacious in markedly suppressing gluconeogenesis in the cancer patient. Our data would support the conclusion that there are few, if any, differences in the measured metabolic effects of enteral venous parenteral nutritional support in the group of cancer patients studied. PMID- 6800630 TI - Resting and activity energy expenditure during total parenteral nutrition in rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. AB - Tumor weight, carcass weight, nitrogen balance, energy balance, resting energy expenditure (REE), and activity energy expenditure (AEE) were measured in normal Fischer 344 rats, free-feeding Fischer 344 rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (TB-FF), and similar tumor-bearing rats supported with total parenteral nutrition (TB-TPN). TB-FF rats became hypophagic and demonstrated weight loss, negative nitrogen balance, and negative energy balance as the tumor enlarged. TB FF rats had a normal FEE and AEE when tumors were small and a decreased REE and AEE when tumors were large. TB-TPN rats were maintained in positive nitrogen and energy balance. TB-TPN rats had significantly increased REE throughout the study and a decreased AEE at the end of the study. Both the host carcass and the tumor responded to increased nutritional substrate with increased growth. The decline in motor activity which characterizes cancer cachexia may not be totally dependent on malnutrition. PMID- 6800631 TI - The impact of total parenteral nutrition on liver function tests in patients with cancer. AB - In 143 patients undergoing 199 cycles of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), alkaline phosphatase (AP), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), direct bilirubin (DB), total bilirubin (TB), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured and recorded before initiating TPN and weekly for seven weeks or until TPN was discontinued. Patterns of change were elevations and then plateaued. Direct bilirubin, TB and LDH showed no significant change. The patterns were independent of patient age, amount of fat emulsion administered, tumor burden, and nonprotein calorie to basal energy expenditure ratio. PMID- 6800632 TI - Inflammatory breast cancer treated with surgery, chemotherapy and allogeneic tumor cell/BCG immunotherapy. AB - Thirteen consecutive patients with inflammatory breast cancer were treated with a regimen consisting of cyclic chemotherapy, extended simple mastectomy, and immunotherapy utilizing irradiated allogeneic breast cancer cells admixed with BCG. When surgery was performed after two or more cycles of 5-U, doxorubicin hydrochloride, and cyclophosphamide, there was complete eradication of detectable tumor in three of 11 operative specimens. Two patients had surgery prior to our evaluation and four had prior chemotherapy. Chest wall radiation was initiated after 8-10+ months of chemotherapy at the doxorubicin cardiotoxicity limits. Seven untreated patients, all premenopausal, were compared to our previous series which employed either irradiation after several courses of chemotherapy or irradiation alone. The current series has two relapses (eight months, 25 months) at a median follow-up time of 21 months (range, 8-26 months). In the previous chemoradiotherapy trial, all nine premenopausal patients had relapsed within 25 months, with a median disease free interval of 17 months. In the trial using radiotherapy alone, all ten patients had relapsed by 19 months (median disease free interval, nine months). The present regimen appears to improve control of the disease and further investigation of both surgery and immunotherapy intercalated with cyclic chemotherapy appears warranted in this disease. PMID- 6800633 TI - Intraoperative irradiation for unresectable pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Twelve patients with localized unresectable, pancreatic carcinoma were treated with a combination of external photon beam and intraoperative electron beam irradiation. Eleven tumors arose in the head and one in the body of the pancreas. Chemotherapy was administered to six of the 12 patients. Of the 11 patients who received both intraoperative and external beam irradiation, four are alive without evident disease. The median survival is 15+ months. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of combining external beam and intraoperative therapy in a general hospital setting with no operative deaths, a brief postoperative stay, and no wound infections. The late complications of irradiating gastric antrum and duodenum are discussed. PMID- 6800635 TI - Medulloblastoma in adults: improved survival with supervoltage radiation therapy. AB - During the period from January 1962--June 1979, 17 adults (greater than or equal to 16 years of age) received postoperative supervoltage neuraxis radiation therapy for medulloblastoma. An actuarial five- and ten-year survival rate of 46% was achieved, and the major site of recurrence postirradiation was in the posterior fossa. Compared to previous pediatric series, adults may demonstrate more visceral metastases and fare less well after tumor recurrence. Compared to prior series of adult patients, the demonstrated improved survival is attributed to increased doses delivered to the posterior fossa. PMID- 6800634 TI - Results of radiation therapy given after radical hysterectomy. AB - Two hundred twelve patients with carcinoma of the cervix, Stage I (193 patients) and Stage II (19 patients), were treated by radical hysterectomy at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania during the period from 1955-1977. Pathology reports were evaluated for the presence of the following factors thought to indicate an unfavorable prognosis: (1) positive pelvic lymph nodes (31 patients); (2) parametrial extension (22 patients); and (3) infiltration of the margin of resection (14 patients). Fifty-one high risk patients (HR) with one or more of these pathologic findings have five and ten year survivals of 55% and 30%, respectively. This compares with five- and ten-year survivals of 87% and 85%, respectively, for patients without these findings. Local recurrences were noted in 20/50 (40%) HR patients versus 23/159 (13.2%) non-HR patients (P less than .001). A retrospective analysis revealed that 21 of 50 evaluable HR patients received adjunctive postoperative pelvic irradiation (HR-XRT). Although the reduction in local recurrence in the treated group approached statistical significance, 5/21 versus 15/29 (0.1 greater than P greater than 0.05), the five- and ten-year survival did not differ significantly. Twenty-four patients initially treated with surgery received definitive radiation therapy for local recurrence. The five- and ten-year survivals for the time of recurrence were 22% and 15%. Our findings suggest that postoperative irradiation may be beneficial in controlling local disease in a subgroup of radical hysterectomy patients who are at high risk for recurrence. Since the ultimate incidence of extra pelvic metastasis for the high risk and the recurrent group is 32% and 67%, respectively, however, it appears that improved survival awaits the development of effective systemic adjuvant therapy. PMID- 6800637 TI - Parenteral nutrition and human gastrointestinal tumor protein metabolism. AB - We determined the tissue free amino acid distribution in human gastrointestinal tumors and the adjacent normal tissue in two groups of patients. The patients were maintained on dietary control for 7--10 days prior to the surgical removal of the tumor. Patients in Group I ate the house diet ad lib. Their nutritional intake was about half their normal requirement. The second group received parenteral nutrition. Both groups were equally malnourished at the beginning of the period of nutritional control. Group I were 88.2 +/- 7.8% of ideal body weight and Group II, 90.6 +/- 13.8% of ideal body weight. The net calorie and nitrogen intake was about double that of Group I. Tissue-free amino acid analyses were done by gas chromatography. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant increase in the essential amino acids in the tumor tissue relative to the normal tissue in Group II, in contrast to the orally fed Group I where no discernible differences were found. PMID- 6800638 TI - Comparison of the effect of butylated hydroxytoluene on N-nitrosomethylurea and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene-induced mammary tumors. AB - The antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) when fed at a level of 0.3% in a defined semi-purified diet was found to decrease mammary tumor incidence in female Sprague-Dawley rats induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]-anthracene (DMBA). however, no effect of BHT on tumor incidence was seen in animals consuming the same diet, under identical experimental conditions, but treated with the carcinogen nitrosomethylurea (NMU). Differences in effectiveness of BHT as a tumor inhibitor in the 2 model systems, and thoughts as to a possible mechanism of action with regard to BHT are discussed. PMID- 6800636 TI - Radiotherapy of regional epidermoid carcinoma of the lung: a study in fractionation. AB - This paper reports a prospective randomized multicenter trial of two fractionation schemes in the supervoltage radiotherapy of locally inoperable epidermoid lung cancer. This study was stimulated by the need to provide improved and more acceptable treatment methods for patients with this condition, the most common cell type of lung cancer. The majority of such patients are not suitable for resection because of metastasis or because of extensive local disease, even though exploratory thoracotomy may be performed. It was therefore considered important to identify preferred methods of irradiation in this situation which is found in a large proportion of patients with lung cancer. PMID- 6800639 TI - Metabolic activation of a tryptophan pyrolysis product, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole(TRP-P-2) by isolated rat liver nuclei. AB - The metabolic activation of a tryptophan pyrolysis product, 3-amino-1-methyl-5H pyrido[4,3-b]indole(Trp-P-2), by rat liver nuclei was studied. Nuclei from the livers of rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) or 3 methylcholanthrene (MC) showed high mutagenic activity with Trp-P-2 in the Ames test, but activities with nuclei of untreated or phenobarbital (PB)-treated rat livers were quite low. The formation of N-hydroxy-Trp-P-2 by nuclei of PCB- or MC treated rat livers was greater than that by nuclei of untreated or PB-treated rat livers. Similar results were observed with microsomes, which suggests that Trp-P 2 is metabolized by the same type of monoxygenase system in nuclei as in microsomes. PMID- 6800640 TI - Serum cholesterol and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis. AB - Diet-induced changes in serum cholesterol levels and their relationship to mammary carcinogenesis initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) were studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats. DMBA was given to rats subjected to 3 dietary treatments: (1) a semipurified, cholesterol-free diet (SP); (2) the same diet with 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% bile salts added (CB); (3) diet CB, until administration of DMBA and then switched to diet SP. Tumor yield per rat was increased in rats fed diet CB, but incidence and tumor size were similar among all 3 groups. Rats maintained on diet SP alone had a higher percentage of histologically benign tumors. Hypercholesterolemia of dietary origin appears to enhance slightly chemical carcinogenesis in this model. PMID- 6800642 TI - Uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative and sensitized photoinactivation of C3H cells with different oncogenic potential. AB - Four types of mouse embryo fibroblast cells of different oncogenic potential were investigated with respect to uptake of the tumor localizing agent hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) and sensitized photoinactivation. Cell size and cellular content of Hpd were measured simultaneously for single cells by means of flow cytofluorimetry. The more malignant cell types had a slightly higher porphyrin uptake per unit cellular volume than the untransformed type, while the photosensitivity of cells incubated with Hpd was equal for all the cell types. Since Hpd seems to concentrate in membranes, this may be related to the fact that the membrane areas of malignant cells are relatively larger than that of untransformed cells, due to the presence of more microvilli. The present study indicates that the preferential localization of Hpd in tumors, as well as the high efficiency of phototherapy reported in the literature, are due to extracellular differences between the tumors and normal tissue. PMID- 6800644 TI - Permissive role of the pituitary in the induction and growth of estrogen dependent renal tumors. AB - Prolonged administration of estrogen to hamsters by implanted pellets induces not only renal adenocarcinomas but also enlarges pituitaries with hyperplastic and neoplastic changes, especially in the pars intermedia. The pituitaries of the diethylstilbestrol-implanted animals weigh 90 to 150 mg; those of control animals without diethylstilbestrol pellets weigh 7 to 12 mg. The enlarged pituitaries have 9.7 x 10(-10) M progesterone receptors compared to 0.75 x 10(-10) M in the controls. Castrated male hamsters were hypophysectomized, implanted with diethylstilbestrol pellets, fed laboratory chow ad libitum, and given 5% glucose in water to drink. New pellets were implanted every 3 months, and the animals survived for 12 to 15 months. At autopsy, none of the animals had a tumor. Sixty two of 65 control castrated males with the same schedule of pellet implantation developed tumors. Hypophysectomized castrated males implanted with diethylstilbestrol pellets were given daily injections of 1 microgram each of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin; or with 0.9% NaCl solution. These animals survived for 12 to 15 months, but none developed kidney tumors. Other castrated males were hypophysectomized and implanted with diethylstilbestrol pellets, and 2 months later tumor tissues were transplanted under the kidney capsule. Eighty days later, no tumors were evident in the kidneys of these animals. Control castrated males were implanted with diethylstilbestrol pellets, and 2 months later tumor tissue was transplanted under the kidney capsule. Between 60 and 85 days later, 13 of the 15 controls had developed renal tumors. The concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and prolactin were measured by radioimmunoassays. The concentrations of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in animals with diethylstilbestrol implants decreased with time and, by 7 months, were similar to those in hypophysectomized animals. The concentration of prolactin in animals with diethylstilbestrol pellets increased with time and reached twice the value in the control animals without diethylstilbestrol pellets. These studies suggest that some factor secreted by the pituitary may be involved as a promoter or a cocarcinogen in the estrogen induction of kidney tumors. PMID- 6800643 TI - Antimutagenic activity of browning reaction products. AB - The Salmonella typhimurium assay was used to determine the antimutagenic effect of products of 2 non-enzymatic browning reactions obtained by heating a lysine fructose mixture at 121 degrees C for 1 h and by carmelizing D-sucrose at 180 degrees C for 1.5 h. The antimutagenic effect was tested by exposing strain TA1535 in suspension to N-methyl-N' -nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the presence of the browning reaction products. In the case of aflatoxin B1, strain TA98 was used and the browning reaction products were added to the precarcinogen and an S9 mixture. The mutagenic activity of both carcinogens was significantly suppressed by the browning reaction products. PMID- 6800645 TI - Metabolism and activation of aflatoxin B1 by reconstituted cytochrome P-450 system of rat liver. AB - Metabolism and activation of aflatoxin B1, a potent hepatocarcinogenic and mutagenic mycotoxin of Aspergillus flavus, were investigated in the reconstituted enzyme system composed of purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 or P-448 of rat liver. The aflatoxin M1 formation was strictly mediated by P-448 purified from the liver microsomes of polychlorobiphenyl- and 3 methylcholanthrene-treated rats, while the aflatoxin Q1 formation, as well as the binding of DNA, were catalyzed by both P-450 and P448. Differences between the kinetic data on metabolism and activation of aflatoxin B1 obtained with the reconstituted cytochrome systems and those obtained with the microsomal and nuclear systems were discussed, and the significance of these biochemical data in the in vivo carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 was evaluated. PMID- 6800646 TI - Survival of tumor-bearing mice exposed to heavy water or heavy water plus methotrexate. AB - Moderate body deuteration combined with a cytostatic drug [methotrexate (MTX)] significantly increases the survival time of young adult DBA/2 mice bearing transplantable P815. L5178Y, or L1210 tumors. Neoplastic cells were grown in vitro from tumor stock and injected i.p. into mice from two groups, one drinking tap water, and other drinking 30% heavy water in tap water. One-half of the animals in each of these two groups was given a single injection of MTX (4 mg/kg body weight) on 3 consecutive days per week. At death, extension of primary and metastatic tumors was examined and was found to be macro- and microscopically comparable in the corresponding groups. The mean survival time of untreated mice drinking tap water was about 2 weeks following injection of the fast-growing P815, L5178Y, or L1210 (V) tumors and approximately 5 weeks after injection of cells from a slower-growing L1210 subline. Body deuteration alone roughly doubled the survival time solely of mice bearing this L1210 subline. Treatment with MTX approximately doubled the mean survival time of hosts bearing one of the fast growing tumors. Combined treatment with heavy water and MTX increased the mean survival time of the mice in all groups by 15 to 125% as compared to control values. The reasons for this effect are unknown. However, heavy water has been shown to exert antimitotic activity and to depress the incorporation of radioactive precursors into DNA of proliferating mammalian cells. The depression of antibody formation following antigenic stimulation and the reduction in numbers of nonneoplastic lymphoid cells of mice following moderate body deuteration may have contributed to the enhancement of MTX activity in addition to other effects of deuterium. PMID- 6800641 TI - Dose responses of five hepatocarcinogens for the initiation of rat hepatocarcinogenesis. AB - Using the Solt and Farber model (Nature, 263 (1976) 701), dose-response relationships between initiating agents and the induction of hyperplastic nodules in rat liver were investigated. Male Fischer 344 rats were initiated by a single application of 1 of 5 carcinogens at 3 doses: 200.0, 50.0 and 12.5 mg/kg of diethylnitrosamine (DEN); 1.00, 0.25 and 0.062 mg/kg of aflatoxin B1 (Af-B1); 60.0, 15.0 and 3.75 mg/kg of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA); 600.0, 150.0 and 37.5 mg/kg of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminobenzene (3'-me-DAB); 40.0, 10.0 and 2.5 mg/kg of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) and their vehicles. Two weeks after initiation, animals were placed on a 0.02% 2-FAA diet for 2 weeks. Partial hepatectomy was performed at the end of the third week of the experiment. All rats were killed 4 weeks after the initiation, and the hyperplastic nodules of the liver were counted and their areas measured. Dose responses were observed in both numbers and areas of hyperplastic nodules per unit area of sections with all of the 5 carcinogens examined. PMID- 6800647 TI - Effect of retinyl acetate on the occurrence of ovarian hormone-responsive and nonresponsive mammary cancers in the rat. AB - The inhibitory activity of retinyl acetate against the induction of ovarian hormone-responsive and -nonresponsive mammary gland adenocarcinomas was studied in intact and castrated female Sprague-Dawley rats. Three experiments were conducted. Mammary cancer was induced by a single p.o. administration of 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) at 50 days of age. Animals in Experiments 1 and 2 each received 20 mg DMBA, whereas those in Experiment 3 received 15 mg. In all experiments, animals were fed a chow diet supplemented per kg with either a placebo or 328 mg retinyl acetate starting 7 days after carcinogen treatment. In Experiment 1, rats were castrated at either 7, 60, or 90 days postcarcinogen and were killed 120 days after DMBA was given. In Experiment 2, rats were castrated 30 days after DMBA and were killed 240 days after carcinogen treatment. In Experiment 3, rats were castrated when a detected tumor attained a measurable diameter, and the hormone responsiveness of their tumors was subsequently determined. The experiment was terminated 279 days after DMBA treatment. In both intact and castrated rats, mammary tumor occurrence was inhibited by treatment with retinyl acetate. However, there were no differences in the latency to appearance time of hormone-responsive and -nonresponsive cancers in intact animals receiving either placebo or retinyl acetate. The data indicate that retinyl acetate inhibits DMBA-induced mammary tumorigenesis in either the presence or the absence of the ovaries. It appears that retinyl acetate is effective in inhibiting both ovarian hormone-responsive and -nonresponsive mammary tumors. PMID- 6800648 TI - Oxidative metabolism of diethylstilbestrol by prostaglandin synthetase. AB - The cooxidative metabolism of the transplacental carcinogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), was examined using ram seminal vesicle microsomes. The major extractable metabolite was beta-dienestrol (Z,Z-DIES) and represented about 35% of the added DES in 3-min incubations supplemented with arachidonic acid. Its formation was dependent upon the presence of arachidonic acid, whereas reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate failed to elicit Z,Z-DIES above background. Indomethacin and 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone, known inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, blocked Z,Z-DIES formation, probably by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase and the hydroperoxidase activities, respectively. Hydrogen peroxide and 15 hydroperoxyarachidonic acid (cosubstrates of the prostaglandin synthetase hydroperoxidase), when replacing arachidonic acid in incubations, also supported oxidative metabolism of DES catalyzed by ram seminal vesicle microsomes. 1-Phenyl 3-pyrazolidone, but not indomethacin, inhibited the 15-hydroxyperoxyarachidonic acid-dependent formation of Z,Z-DIES. Incubation conditions which supported efficient Z,Z-DIES formation also resulted in the formation of 3,3-di(p hydroxyphenyl)hexan-4-one and the cis-isomer of DES as well as nonextractable, protein-associated radioactivity indicating the presence of reactive intermediates. The implications of the peroxidative metabolism of DES for its toxic activity are obvious. PMID- 6800649 TI - Abnormal sensitivity of skin fibroblasts from familial polyposis patients to DNA alkylating agents. AB - Fibroblast cell strains derived from different patients all afflicted with genetic predisposing to the development of intestinal polyposis and cancer were tested for their sensitivity to the lethal effects of the DNA alkylating agents methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate, N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine, and 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. The genetic syndromes studied were: (a) adenomatosis of the colon and rectum only, an autosomal dominant trait; (b) Turcot's syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive polyposis syndrome also characterized by central nervous system tumors; and (c) Gardner's syndrome, an autosomal dominant syndrome which, in addition to intestinal polyposis, is also clinically characterized by osteomas and soft tissue tumors. Survival (relative clone-forming ability) of the various polyposis fibroblast strains was compared to the average survival of three normal human fibroblast strains by t test analysis of the respective values for the inverse of the slope of the survival curve (D0) and the concentration resulting in 10% survival (D10) with p less than 0.05 considered significant. Fibroblasts from the patient with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (strain GM2355) were moderately but significantly sensitive to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with D0 and D10 values of 0.069 microM (p less than 0.05) and 0.15 microM (p = 0.01), respectively, compared with the normal values of 0.10 microM and 0.26 microM. In addition, strain GM2355 was significantly more sensitive to ethyl methanesulfonate based on D10 comparison only, 24 mM versus the normal average D10 of 28 mM (p less than 0.05). Fibroblasts from the patient with Turcot's syndrome were hypersensitive to MMS, having a D0 value of 0.24 mM (p less than 0.01) versus the normal average D0 of 0.36 mM and a D10 value of 0.95 mM (p less than 0.01) compared with the normal average value of 1.3 mM. Fibroblasts from the Gardner's syndrome proband were moderately sensitive to MMS, ethyl methanesulfonate, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine due to significant differences of D10 values of 0.60 mM (p less than 0.01), 15 mM (p less than 0.01), and 4.8 microM (p less than 0.025), respectively, versus the normal average values of 1.3 mM, 28 mM, and 9.4 microM. Fibroblasts from the clinically affected Gardner's syndrome daughter of the proband were significantly more sensitive to MMS treatment, D0 of 0.22 mM (p less than 0.01) versus the normal average D0 of 0.36 mM and a D10 of 0.97 mM (p less than 0.01) versus the normal average. This differential sensitivity to the several DNA alkylating agents suggests that different mechanisms of hypersensitivity to these chemicals may be associated with fibroblasts from the various forms of familial polyposis. PMID- 6800650 TI - Interaction of dietary fat and the thymus in the induction of mammary tumors by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - The interaction of dietary fat and the thymus in the induction of mammary tumors by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene has been examined in female Sprague-Dawley rats. In these experiments, rats fed diets of 0.5% (low fat), 5% (normal fat), or 20% (high fat) corn oil from weaning (21 days of age) were thymectomized or sham thymectomized at 35 days of age and were given 5 mg of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene at 55 days of age. Thymectomy exerted a protective effect in rats fed low and normal fat diets, and this was not reversed by Thymosin Fraction V. In high fat fed rats, tumorigenesis was increased compared to the low fat groups, and in addition, the protective effect of thymectomy was absent. This differential effect of thymectomy could not be explained on the basis of changes in prolactin concentration, since prolactin levels were decreased in all dietary groups. Neither diet nor thymectomy affected corticosterone levels or the estrus cycle of mature rats. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were, however, decreased by both thymectomy and increasing the fat content of the diet. It is hypothesized that the promoting effect of dietary fat on dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumorigenesis is mediated via the immune system, although a role for the endocrine system still cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6800651 TI - Decreased cytotoxicity of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) by alpha difluoromethylornithine depletion of polyamines in 9L rat brain tumor cells in vitro. AB - Before treatment with the cytotoxic drug cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (cis platinum), 9L rat brain gliosarcoma cells grown in vitro were depleted of intracellular polyamines by alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; 10 mM, 48 hr), an enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of the polyamine-synthetic enzyme ornithine decarboxylase. In contrast to studies that showed that the cytotoxicity of 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea as measured by colony-forming efficiency is enhanced by DFMO depletion of intracellular polyamines, the cytotoxicity of cis-platinum was significantly decreased in polyamine-depleted 9L cells. At 10, 1, and 0.1% survival levels, the dose modification factors were 2.0 to 2.1. Addition of exogenous putrescine to polyamine-depleted 9L cells 24 hr before treatment with cis-platinum partially reversed this phenomenon. When 9L cells were treated either with DFMO and cis-platinum or with DFMO, putrescine, and cis platinum for 1 hr, a time period that is too short for DFMO to affect intracellular polyamine levels, the cytotoxicity of cis-platinum was decreased, but to a significantly lesser extent than by the 48-hr DFMO pretreatment. Putrescine alone did not alter the cytotoxic effect of cis-platinum when administered either 24 or 1 hr before treatment. DFMO appears to affect cis platinum cytotoxicity by two different mechanisms, the first mediated through polyamine depletion and the second through a direct interaction with cis platinum. PMID- 6800653 TI - Metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and covalent binding of metabolites to protein in rat adrenal gland. AB - The metabolism of the carcinogenic and adrenocorticolytic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in rat adrenals was investigated. Both 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene, which also is a well-known carcinogen but has no short-term effects on rat adrenals, appear to be metabolized by one common type of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Studies of the kinetic properties of this cytochrome P-450 reveal that the Km values for 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene are lower than 3 microM. Identification of metabolites indicates that, with both 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and benzo(a)pyrene, phenols and diols were formed the relative rates of formation of which were markedly influenced by the expoxide hydrase inhibitor cyclohexane oxide, suggesting that epoxides are intermediate metabolites. Added or endogenous microsomal glutathione S-transferase B had little or no effect on the distribution of metabolites. A rather selective binding of metabolites of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to soluble and microsomal proteins was demonstrated. The adrenal cytochrome P-450 involved in the conversion of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons appears to be unrelated to those responsible for the synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids from cholesterol. Among androgens and estrogens, estradiol proved to be the most inhibitory steroid, suggesting a role of the hydrocarbon metabolizing cytochrome P-450 in estrogen biosynthesis. However, no such function could be demonstrated conclusively. The metabolite patterns and the effects of nonsteroid inhibitors of liver monooxygenases, e.g., alpha-naphthoflavone, SU 9055, and ellipticine, suggest that the properties of this cytochrome P-450 resemble those of the 3-methyl-cholanthrene-inducible cytochrome P-488 from rat liver. PMID- 6800654 TI - Combined radical radiation therapy and chemotherapy for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. AB - Radical radiation therapy (5000 rads in 20 fractions in 4 weeks) combined with iv mitomycin (10 mg/m2) and 5-FU (1000 mg/m2/24 hours for 4 days) was used to treat 13 patients with locally advanced but operable squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. All patients achieved local control and retained anal continence, and none developed metastases. The patients were followed from 4 to 34 months (median, 12). Severe acute gastrointestinal toxic effects were seen in three patients; the same patients had significant thrombocytopenia or leukopenia. Treatment with this combined program may allow conservative management of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and should be considered as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection. PMID- 6800652 TI - Hormonal induction of casein gene expression limited to a small subpopulation of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary tumor cells. AB - In the hormonally responsive 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)- or N nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced mammary carcinomas, regulatory mechanisms have been altered such that these tumors retain their hormonal dependence for growth but possess only a limited ability to synthesize the mammary gland-specific milk proteins. Quantitation of casein mRNA levels revealed that very low levels of casein messenger RNA (mRNA) were expressed in both the DMBA- and NMU-induced tumors growing in virgin animals (0.1 to 0.4% of the maximally induced 8-day lactating mammary gland). Growth of DMBA-induced tumors in pregnant rats and the treatment of NMU-induced tumor-bearing animals with thioproperazine indicated that the tumor casein mRNA levels were hormone inducible (3.4- and 2.1-fold for the DMBA- and NMU-induced tumors, respectively). However, casein mRNA levels were still only 1 to 2% of those found in the normal mammary gland under the same hormonal environment. Localization of the casein-synthesizing cells in the DMBA induced tumors by peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining and a specific casein antiserum indicated that, in both control and hormone-treated tumors, the vast majority of cells (greater than 95%) were unstable to synthesize casein. The hormonal induction of casein mRNA sequences could be correlated with an increase in the number of cells synthesizing casein, which appeared as small clusters of cells throughout the tumors. Therefore, the loss of hormone-regulated differentiated function in these tumors, which maintained hormone-dependent growth, suggests the presence of a defective regulatory mechanism beyond the level of the hormone-receptor-complex. PMID- 6800655 TI - Effect of cytarabine on cytotoxic T-cell development. PMID- 6800656 TI - A comparative ultrastructural and physiological study on melanophores of wild type and periodic albino mutants of Xenopus laevis. AB - Pigment of tail-fin melanophores in periodic albino Xenopus laevis tadpoles is dispersed in response to darkness and to alpha-MSH in a manner similar to wild type melanophores. However, periodic albino tadpoles lack the response to different background conditions and the melatonin-induced aggregation in darkness. The tyrosinase activity in cells of the latter type tadpoles is weak compared to the wild-type cells. Ultrastructural examination of melanophores from periodic albino mutants and cells from wild-type tadpoles shows similar organelles at corresponding sites. A morphological difference can be observed in the fine structure of the melanosomes, which in albinos resembles an earlier stage of development. It is postulated that periodic albino Xenopus laevis possess the cellular mechanism to disperse pigment in the melanophores, but that under physiological conditions the release of alpha-MSH appears to be absent or scarce. PMID- 6800657 TI - Anthrax meningitis. PMID- 6800658 TI - The control of ecdysterone-regulated puffs in Drosophila salivary glands. AB - The hormone ecdysterone induces a characteristic sequence of changes in puffing activity in the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. A few puffs are induced very rapidly by the hormone and a larger number are only active after a lag period of several hours. To study the interrelationship of the activities of these "early" and "late" puffs, genotypes aneuploid for two early puffs have been constructed. In the duplication genotype the early puffs are active for less time than in the euploids while in the deficient genotype they are active for a longer period. Under appropriate assay conditions duplication of the early puffs results in a greater and more rapid response of some, but not all, late puffs to the hormone. Deletion of the early puffs results in a delayed response of the same late puffs. These data support the idea that the early puffs are autoregulated and that their products control activity at some late puff sites. PMID- 6800660 TI - Low temperature-induced displacement of cholesterol and intramembrane particles in nuclear membranes of mouse leukemia cells. PMID- 6800659 TI - A cloned unique gene of Drosophila melanogaster contains a repetitive 3' exon whose sequence is present at the 3' ends of many different mRNAs. AB - We have started a cloned genomic DNA fragment approximately 7 kb long (denoted as H55) from the 7B3-4 region in the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. The major part of the fragment is a single-copy sequence. It directs the synthesis of mRNA that makes up approximately 0.1% of the cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA from Drosophila embryos. The H55 gene is split by an intervening sequence, yielding a large single-copy exon and a small repetitive 3' exon represented by hundreds of copies in the genome. This repetitive sequence ("suffix") is also present at the 3' ends of approximately 2% of all cytoplasmic poly(A) chains. PMID- 6800661 TI - Electron microscopic visualization of nucleosomal organization in B12 starved and control Euglena chromatin. PMID- 6800662 TI - A new intercellular communication assay: its use in studies on the mechanism of tumour promotion. PMID- 6800663 TI - Interaction in the ciliate Euplotes crassus: evidence for a preferential polypeptide transfer between cells ready to pair. PMID- 6800666 TI - Excision of benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide I adducts from nucleosomal DNA of confluent normal human fibroblasts. AB - The formation and removal of covalent adducts of racemic 7 beta, 8 alpha dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE I) was studied in nucleosomal DNA of confluent cultures of normal human fibroblasts (NF). For this purpose NF were prelabeled in their DNA with [14C]-thymidine and treated with [3H]BPDE I. The adducts were composed of 77% (7R)-N2-(7 beta, 8 alpha, 9 alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene-10-yl)deoxyguanosine, 12% of the corresponding 7S-enantiomer and of minor amounts of adducts to cytosine and adenine. The adduct composition did not change significantly in 24-h post treatment incubation. Bulk mononucleosomes were prepared from micrococcal nuclease digested nuclei and their DNA analyzed by gel electrophoresis. The adduct concentrations were determined in 145 base pair (b.p.) nucleosomal core DNA, 165 b.p. chromatosomal DNA and in total nuclear DNA. From these data the concentration in nucleosomal linker-DNA was calculated. The initial adduct distribution was non-random and 6.3 times higher in 47 b.p. linker-DNA relative to 145 b.p. core-DNA and 9.2 times higher in 27 b.p. linker-DNA relative to 165 b.p. chromatosomal DNA. Adduct removal was very rapid during the first 8 h and more efficient from linker-DNA than from core-DNA. After this early phase the adducts located in 145 b.p. core-DNA became refractory to further excision and represent a major fraction of the adducts persisting in DNA of NF over a prolonged period. In contrast, further adduct removal was observed from nucleosomal linker-DNA. PMID- 6800665 TI - [Radiotherapy of tumours of the cerebral hemispheres by rapid electrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800668 TI - [Double-blind trial of natural-type artificial tears in 33 cases of ocular dryness]. PMID- 6800667 TI - Formation of N-(glutathion-S-methylene)-4-aminoazobenzene following metabolic oxidation of the N-methyl group of the carcinogen, N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene. AB - A major biliary metabolite of the hepatocarcinogen, N,N-dimethyl-4 aminoazobenzene (DAB), in the rat was identified as N-(glutathion-S-methylene)-4 aminoazobenzene (GS-CH2-AB). This conjugate was prepared synthetically by a Mannich condensation of 4-aminoazobenzene (AB), formaldehyde (CH2O) and glutathione (GSH) and has been characterized by chemical analysis and by ultraviolet, visible and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The same conjugate was also formed in vitro by incubating N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene (MAB), NADPH, NADH and GSH with rat hepatic microsomes. Evidence is presented that GSH reacted with an intermediate resulting from a cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of the N methyl substituent. This reactive intermediate is presumed to be either an N methylol or a methimine derivative of AB. The significance of this detoxification mechanism is discussed. The presence of an additional major aminoazo-dye GSH conjugate is also noted. PMID- 6800664 TI - [Surgery and endoscopic treatment of hypopharyngoesophageal diverticula]. PMID- 6800669 TI - [Unusual oculomotor imbalance]. PMID- 6800670 TI - Modulation of Fc receptors of thymus-derived lymphocytes by antigen E in ragweed sensitive and ragweed non-sensitive subjects. AB - In ragweed-sensitive and ragweed non-sensitive subjects the proportions of T lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T gamma) and IgM (T mu) were examined as obtained from the blood, and after treatment in vitro with ragweed antigen E or concanavalin-A. The proportion of T gamma and T mu cells, from the peripheral blood of ragweed-sensitive and ragweed non-sensitive persons, untreated in vitro, were not statistically different. However, when T cells from ragweed-sensitive subjects were exposed to ragweed antigen E, the T mu subpopulation was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) without change in the T gamma population. The reverse change occurred when cells of ragweed non sensitive subjects were treated with antigen E; there was an increase in the T gamma subpopulation (P = 0.01) but no change in number of the T mu cells. Cells from both the sensitive and non-sensitive groups showed increase in number of T gamma and reduced numbers of T mu cells when incubated with concanavalin A. Since T gamma and T mu cells appear to have a regulatory function on B lymphocyte differentiation and antibody production, the pattern of responses of T gamma and T mu subpopulations in vitro to antigen E in ragweed-sensitive and ragweed non sensitive subjects may reflect a difference in the cellular control of the immune response to ragweed antigen E. PMID- 6800671 TI - Feedback control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by testosterone and estradiol in men: physiological and clinical implications. PMID- 6800672 TI - Practical requirements for immunochemical analysis of antithrombin III in agarose gels. AB - This report emphasizes the importance charged groups affixed to the agarose gel matrix have on immunoprecipitation of antithrombin III (AT) and of its protease complexes. Plasma and serum samples were analyzed for antithrombin III by electroimmunoassay and single radial immunodiffusion in different types of agarose. The results were compared with the amount of functionally active AT contained in the samples. A high correlation between the results was obtained provided the following criteria were fulfilled: (1) agarose with a sulphate content of 0.2% or more was used; (2) the antiserum should contain antibodies directed to AT plus antigenic determinant(s) that emerge(s) during the AT protease interaction; (3) a gel buffer of about 75 mmol/l was used. Heparin added to the test system competed with sulphate groups affixed to the agarose gel matrix and inhibited immunoprecipitation of AT. PMID- 6800673 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 6800675 TI - Ocular manifestations in a family with probably X-linked cataracts. PMID- 6800677 TI - Amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis. AB - Amniocentesis is a relatively safe and reliable procedure. However, there probably is a slightly increased risk of fetal loss following amniocentesis (approximately 0.5%). Other risks are minimal. Amniocentesis should be performed by obstetrician-gynecologists familiar with both the indications for the technique of second-trimester genetic amniocentesis. Recent social trends, including the increased availability of medical information to the lay public and the interest of many women in delaying childbearing, will increase public demand for antenatal diagnosis. It is important that obstetrician-gynecologists prepare to meet these demands. PMID- 6800676 TI - Effects of gold sodium thiomalate on cytosolic copper and zinc in the rat kidney and liver tissues. AB - 1. Male Wistar rats were given a single subcutaneous injection of gold sodium thiomalate and killed 7 days later. The binding of Au, Zn and Cu to the kidney and liver cytosolic proteins of control and gold-treated rats and determined. 2. In the renal cytosol of Au(I)- exposed rats, the binding of Cu to the low molecular-weight (LMW) proteins increased by 62%, and to the high-molecular weight (HMW) proteins the binding decreased by 54%. The incorporation of Cu into the liver cytosolic proteins increased, in both, the HMW and the LMW proteins. The binding of Zn into the renal cytosolic proteins was increased by 39% (HMW proteins) and 100% (LMW proteins). Au(I) had little effect on the binding of Zn to the cytosolic proteins in the liver. 3. It is suggested that the therapeutic action of gold complexes may be mediated, to some extent, by its effects on the metabolism of Cu and/or Zn. PMID- 6800674 TI - Serum beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta D-fucosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase levels in acute viral hepatitis, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction and breast cancer. AB - The specific activities of several glycosidases (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase) were determined in human sera from a control group to 10 normal subjects and in four groups, each of 10 patients, with acute viral hepatitis, acute pancreatitis, acute myocardial infarction and breast cancer. The results show significantly higher activities in acute viral hepatitis for beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase and alpha-D-glucosidase (p less than 0.001); in acute pancreatitis for the first two of these enzymes (p less than 0.001); and in breast cancer for beta-D-glucosidase (p less than 0.001). Further, lower differences were found in the patients with acute viral hepatitis for beta D-fucosidase and alpha-L-fucosidase (p less than 0.01); in acute myocardial infarction for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D-glucosidase, alpha-D glucosidase, beta-D-fucosidase and beta-D-galactosidase (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively); and in breast cancer for beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (p less than 0.01). No significant differences were found for the other glycosidases. PMID- 6800678 TI - On the kinetics and dynamics of tocainide and its metabolites. AB - The kinetics of tocainide, a new antiarrhythmic, and two of its metabolites, lactoxylidide (LX) and tocainide carbamoyl glucuronide (TG), were examined in patients given tocainide for 7 days following an acute myocardial infarction. In these patients kinetics were much the same as those reported for volunteers and for patients treated with tocainide for chronic extra ventricular beats. Mean half-life for tocainide, LX, and TG were 13.6, 29.1 and 13 hr. At steady state mean metabolite to tocainide ratios in serum were 0.48 for LX and 0.28 for TG. Using animal models, we examined the relative antiarrhythmic, direct cardiac, and central nervous system (CNS) effects of tocainide and LX. LX, the deaminated alcohol metabolite, had no antiarrhythmic, direct cardiac, or CNS toxic effects. These data suggest that tocainide, unlike many antiarrhythmic drugs, has no active metabolites. PMID- 6800679 TI - Metabolite cumulation during long-term oral encainide administration. AB - Cumulation of encainide and its major metabolites, O-demethylencainide (ODE), 3 methoxy-ODE (MODE), and N-demethylencainide (NDE) was examined in patients with frequent complex ventricular ectopy. After 6 mo on encainide patients were admitted to Stanford University Hospital and the drug was discontinued for 24 hr. During this time blood samples were drawn to characterize the cumulation and disposition of the drug and metabolites. The mean steady-state concentrations of encainide, ODE, and MODE were 56.3, 214.6, and 184.6 ng/ml after doses ranging from 100 to 250 mg/day. The concentration ratios of ODE/encainide and MODE/encainide were 5.02 +/- 2.61 and 5.15 +/- 4.13. NDE was detected in the plasma of only one patient. Elimination half lifes of encainide and ODE were 1.16 +/- 0.5 and 11.41 +/- 9.58 hr. MODE disappeared slowly and at 24 hr the plasma concentration was still 59.8 +/- 39.9% of its mean steady-state concentration. Our data indicate that the metabolites of encainide cumulate in the plasma of patients on long-term oral therapy and must be considered when evaluating its clinical efficacy. PMID- 6800681 TI - Effect of vagotomy on the breathing pattern and exercise ability in emphysematous patients. AB - 1. The potential value of right vagotomy for the relief of breathlessness has been explored in five patients with emphysema. Two patients had symptomatic improvement, two had minor symptomatic improvement, and one was unchanged. 2. Exercise ventilation was not noticeably depressed by unilateral right vagotomy in the two patients investigated fully, but the pattern of breathing was altered. After vagotomy, breathing was deeper, and the rise in the frequency of breathing with exercise was depressed. 3. After right vagotomy the response to rebreathing carbon dioxide also consisted of slower deeper breaths. 4. Right vagotomy sometimes appears to remove an influence preventing slow deep breathing and exacerbating dyspnoea. 5. Results of bilateral pulmonary denervation, attempted in one patient, were complicated by the need for left thoracotomy, which removed any possible beneficial effects. PMID- 6800680 TI - Factors influencing hepatic glutathione concentrations: a study in surgical patients. AB - 1. Hepatic total glutathione (reduced plus oxidized) and oxidized glutathione levels were measured in operative wedge liver biopsy specimens obtained from 70 patients. 2. The effects on hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH) level of four potential risk factors (abnormal liver histology, abnormal preoperative tests fo liver function, drug ingestion and protein malnutrition) were examined. 3. Each of the four risk factors was associated with a significant reduction in hepatic GSH. Multivariate analysis indicated that only three of these risk factors (abnormal liver histology, drug ingestion and protein malnutrition) had independent effects in reducing hepatic GSH. 4. Twenty-five of the 70 patients studied did not have any of the four risk factors. The mean hepatic GSH level in these patients was 3.92 mumol/g of liver wet weight (SD 0.62), giving a 95% reference range of 2.71-5.14 mumol/g of liver net weight. PMID- 6800682 TI - Automated screening of antenatal samples using a low ionic strength polybrene system. AB - The use of a two-channel AutoAnalyzer II system in the routine screening of antenatal sera is described. A low ionic strength polybrene method has been used to give optimum detection of IgG antibodies, and hence the system provides a valuable early detection of such antibodies in pregnancy. Of 88 Rhesus antibodies initially detected on the AutoAnalyzer only and followed up later in pregnancy, 18 (20.45%) were later detected by manual methods and were considered to be of potential clinical significance, whilst the remainder were detectable by the AutoAnalyzer only and occurred with a similar frequency as AutoAnalyzer only Rh antibodies in non-immunized males. The sensitivity of the method can provide interpretational difficulties, revealing many apparent "non-specific' reactions as well as detecting low levels of specific antibodies of debatable clinical significance. An approach to dealing with these problems without compromising the benefits of the system is discussed. PMID- 6800683 TI - 51Cr-EDTA clearance determined by one plasma sample. AB - 51Cr-EDTA clearance was measured in 99 consecutive patients. Based on the individual plasma activity at 180, 200, 220, and 240 min after injection (normalized with respect to injected dose/body surface area), a nomogram and a formula were derived for the relation between clearance and the plasma activity in one sample drawn between 180 and 240 min after injection. The nomogram was tested by the activity in 141 plasma nomogram were compared to the corresponding clearance value calculated by a conventional standard method. The correlation coefficient for this comparison was r = 0.982. It is recommended that the nomogram should only be used if clearance values above 30 ml/min are expected. PMID- 6800684 TI - Effects of fluoride and regular dental care on personal dental expenditures of young adults in Finland. AB - This paper analyzes the relationship among presence of fluoride in the drinking water, oral health and dental expenditures in four towns in Finland. A two-stage least-squares model is used to determine the effect of fluoridated water and other independent variables on the number of missing teeth and per capita annual dental service expenditures for 555 adults. The results show that regularity of dental visits is the only significant factor explaining per capita expenditures. In contrast, many factors affect the number of missing teeth; most importantly, the number of dentists per capita, level of fluoride, age, education, use of services and smoking habits. These findings suggest that fluoride significantly improves oral health status but does not reduce adult per capita dental expenditures. PMID- 6800685 TI - Fluorides for everyone: a review of school-based or community programs. PMID- 6800686 TI - In vitro stimulation of bovine milk lymphocytes. Standardization of the assay for bovine brucellosis. PMID- 6800687 TI - Antimicrobial activity of avarol, a sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone from the marine sponge, Dysidea avara. PMID- 6800688 TI - Metabolism of serine, glycine and threonine in isolated cat hepatocytes Felis domestica. AB - 1. Hepatocytes isolated from the cat demonstrate differences with regard to amino acid metabolism as compared to rat hepatocytes. 2. [14C]serine is metabolized via transamination in isolated cat hepatocyte, whereas its major catabolic route in the rat is via serine dehydratase. 3. [14C]glycerine, a poor gluconeogenic precursor in rat hepatocytes, appears to be equal to serine as a precursor for cat hepatocytes. 4. [14C]threonine does not compete with serine for metabolism, and may be metabolized via threonine aldolase. 5. These results illustrate a protection of amino acids from oxidative metabolism, and a high priority for their metabolism towards anabolic processes. PMID- 6800689 TI - Comparative study of the conformational transitions of frog and rabbit phosphorylases B. AB - 1. Conformational motility of the purified muscle glycogen phosphorylase B from two species of vertebrates (rabbit and frog) was investigated by the Hydrogen Exchange method and Infrared Spectometry. 2. The experimental results of the 1H 2H exchange were expressed in terms of the probability P of exposure to isotopic solvent of phosphorylase peptide groups and in terms of the corresponding changes in standard free energy delta Go. 3. The combined methods used didn't show considerable differences of the protein conformations in the physiological pH region but rabbit phosphorylase was only characterized by rather more compact structure in comparison with frog phosphorylase. PMID- 6800690 TI - Early follicular phase luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist administration - effects on follicular maturation and corpus luteum function in women. AB - The potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10 LRH was administered in a daily subcutaneous dose of 5 or 25 microgram for 1, 3 or 5 consecutive days to twelve regularly menstruating women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle in an attempt to disturb follicular maturation and induce luteolysis. The treatment was monitored by clinical examinations, basal body temperature recordings, bleeding patterns and frequently taken peripheral venous blood samples for analyses of gonadotropins and ovarian steroids. The luteal phase during the LRH agonist treatment cycles did not differ in length from that of the control cycles before and after the treatment (p greater than 0.05). The maximal progesterone concentration during the luteal phase exceeded 32 nmol/l in all but one of the treatment cycles. The follicular phase of the treatment cycle was prolonged in comparison with that of the control cycles (p less than 0.01). Thus, administration of high doses of a superactive LRH agonist during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle prolonged the follicular phase and postponed ovulation but did not interfere with corpus luteum function in normally ovulating women. PMID- 6800691 TI - Levonorgestrel in milk and plasma of breast-feeding women with a levonorgestrel releasing IUD. AB - A levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device was used by 10 breast-feeding women beginning 6 weeks after delivery. Two models of IUD were used. One released 10 microgram (5 patients), the other 30 microgram (5 patients) of levonorgestrel per day. Plasma and milk samples were collected 8 times over a 3-month period and the concentrations of levonorgestrel determined by radioimmunoassay. An improved and sensitive method for the determination of levonorgestrel in milk was developed. A column chromatographic purification of a milk extract before radioimmunoassay made possible the use of large milk samples in order to improve the sensitivity. The plasma concentrations during the follow up period were 207 +/- 64 pg/ml (mean + SD) in the 10 microgram and 235 +/- 87 pg/ml in the 30 microgram/day releasing IUD groups. The milk levonorgestrel concentrations were 56 +/- 35 and 57 +/- 34 pg/ml, respectively. The plasma to milk ratio of levonorgestrel was initially 100:15 and at the end of the 3-month follow-up period 100:25. There were no significant differences in the milk and plasma concentrations between the study groups. The total amount of levonorgestrel excreted per day in 600 ml breast milk is approximately 0.1 per cent of a daily dose of 30 microgram. PMID- 6800692 TI - The effect of norethisterone capsules on the pituitary-ovarian axis. PMID- 6800693 TI - Inhibition of the metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa by various alkaloids. AB - The ability of several alkaloids to inhibit the metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa has been investigated. Of the agents tested, chloroquine was the most effective in inhibiting sperm metabolism (production of carbon dioxide and lactic acid) and motility. It was active at a concentration of 3.6 x 10(-5)M. Quinine and Quinacrine were active at concentrations of 5 x 10(-4)M and emetine required concentrations as high as 3.6 x 10(-3)M to achieve an inhibitory effect. Detailed studies with emetine showed that the time needed for inhibition of sperm motility was inversely proportional to the drug concentration and directly related to the sperm density. In addition, the inhibition was shown not to be reversible. PMID- 6800694 TI - Serum bile acids during biphasic contraceptive treatment with ethinyl estradiol and norgestrel. AB - Twenty-nine women were treated with biphasic combined oral contraceptive pills containing ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and levonorgestrel 0.050-0.125 mg. Serum primary bile acids (cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid) and one secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The serum samples were collected before the treatment and at one, three and twelve months during the treatment. No significant changes were found in these bile acid levels during the treatment. The ratio of cholic/chenodeoxycholic acid did not change either. No pathological values were found in the conventional liver function tests although serum alanine aminotransferase activity was significantly increased after twelve months' treatment. It can therefore be concluded that the present contraceptive pill does not cause any liver dysfunction detectable by bile acid measurements of other "classical" liver function tests. PMID- 6800696 TI - B-lymphocyte ontogeny. PMID- 6800695 TI - The effect of some antianginal drugs on the myocardial perfusion in patients with ischaemic heart disease. AB - 78 patients with ischaemic heart disease were examined clinically and by exercise test. Their myocardial perfusion was investigated with the aid of perfusion scintigraphy using 201Tl. It was proved that the myocardial 201Tl-scintigraphy accurately detected the presence and localization of ischaemic areas in patients with IHD, with or without a history of myocardial infarction. A combined application of scintigraphy and ergometric exercise test detected with sufficient reliability the zones of transient ischaemia; this is of a great clinical value in patients with negative or equivocal results of the exercise test. The beneficial effects of nitroglycerin, Nitrong, and molsidomine (Corvaton) manifested themselves by reducing the heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion, the extent of the zone of impaired perfusion at rest, and preventing or reducing the ischaemic reaction during exercise. PMID- 6800698 TI - Conservative management of cervical esophageal perforations in the neonate. PMID- 6800700 TI - The effects of a fluctuating Fio2 on metabolic measurements in mechanically ventilated patients. AB - The determination of minute oxygen consumption (VO2) for metabolic studies on patients using either the Beckman Metabolic Cart (MMC) or the Respiratory Monitoring System (RMS) requires a stable fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FIO2). Measurement of VO2 on mechanically ventilated patients using the Bourns BEAR 1 and the Engstrom 311 and 312 was unsuccessful due to FIO2 variations greater than the acceptable limits. The inspiratory and expiratory O2 and CO2 waveforms were studied using various methods of supplying source gas to the ventilators. A method using an external air/oxygen blender was found that provided a stable FIO2 for metabolic measurements for each of the ventilators tested. PMID- 6800697 TI - Selective chemical hepatic sympathectomy in the dog. AB - Intraportal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) was used to produce selective hepatic sympathectomy in the dog. Previously reported techniques for 6-OHDA induced hepatic sympathectomy in rats and cats were modified considerably using alpha and beta adrenergic blocking agents to prevent the otherwise intense and fatal sympathomimetic response which has prevented adaptation of the intraportal 6-OHDA injection for dogs. After 6-OHDA injection, histofluorescent staining demonstrated loss of hepatic adrenergic nerves with preservation of normal adrenergic innervation in the heart and pancreas. Tyramine iv was used to further document functional integrity of peripheral sympathetic mechanisms. This technique provides a useful model for evaluation of sympathetic nervous system mediated changes in hepatic metabolic function associated with the neuroendocrine response to hemorrhage in the classic dog model. PMID- 6800699 TI - Ventilatory pattern in respiratory failure arising from acute myocardial infarction. II. PtcO2 and PtcCO2 compared to Pao2 and PaCO2 during IMV4 vs IPPV12 and PEEP0 vs PEEP10. AB - Transcutaneous oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions (PtcO2 and PtcCO2) were compared with PaO2 and PaCO2 values in 9 patients with pulmonary edema due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) measured during four experimental interventions: (a) intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) 4/min + PEEP0 (cm H2O); (b) intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV)12 + PEEP0; (c) IMV4 + PEEP10; and (d) IPPV12 + PEEP10. PtcO2 responded rapidly to the institution of PEEP, the rise correlating well with that in PaO2 both on IMV4 (r = 0.78) and IPPV12 (r = 0.87). On the other hand, correlations between PtcO2 vs CI and PvO2 were poor (r being 0.45 and 0.24, respectively). Transcutaneous oxygen electrode is, thus, useful in monitoring patients with post-AMI pulmonary edema, as it rapidly reflects the effects of ventilatory therapy. A nonheated PtcCO2 sensor was used in 6 patients and a heated electrode in 3 patients. With the nonheated electrode, the correlation between PaCO2 and PtcCo2 was good (r = 0.86) in 5 patients, while r in the 3 patients with the heated electrode was 0.73. One patient having a cardiac index of 1.6 L/min . M2 showed a dissociation in PCO2 values. While PaCO2 remained unchanged, PtcCO2 rose to 73 torr and within some minutes the patient had asystole. PtcCO2 tension generally shows good correlation with PaCO2 and, thus, reflects ventilation. It may also prove to be useful in the early detection of critical low cardiac output states. PMID- 6800704 TI - Immunofluorescence and histochemistry of corneal epithelial flat mounts: use of EDTA. PMID- 6800702 TI - Ventilatory response in patients with acute lactic acidosis. AB - The ventilatory response in acute lactic acidosis was assessed in 39 patients. In 18 patients, the acidosis was associated with phenformin ingestion and in 21, with other causes such as shock and sepsis, but not pulmonary edema. Arterial blood CO2 tensions and plasma bicarbonate concentrations were compared to those previously found in patients with uncomplicated diabetic ketoacidosis. In most of the lactic acidosis patients, arterial blood CO2 fell within the 95% confidence band calculated from the data in the ketoacidotic patients. Only 1 lactic acidotic patient had a triflingly lower CO2 tension. Shock was present in 8 of the 9 lactic acidotic patients whose CO2 tensions were more than 2 torr above the 95% confidence band. PMID- 6800706 TI - [Porcelain bonded denture]. PMID- 6800707 TI - [Bonding strength test for non-precious porcelain bonding alloys]. PMID- 6800708 TI - [Use of Trutissu, metal mesh plate for denture bases]. PMID- 6800705 TI - Morphological aspects of secretion in the glomus cell paraneurons of the carotid body: evidence for calcium-dependent exocytosis. AB - Carotid bodies were studied using thin section and freeze-fracture preparations following incubation in physiological media. Glomus cells incubated in medium containing either no calcium (Ca2+), 1.1 mM Ca2+, or 19 microM ionophore A23187 alone appeared normal with no evidence of exocytosis. However, cells incubated in the presence of Ca2+ and A23187 exhibited exocytosis, and a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the number of catecholamine-containing dense-core vesicles per micron2 of cytoplasm. Numerous dense-core vesicles were observed aligned along the glomus cell plasma membrane, and vesicles in close apposition to the membrane exhibited an electron-dense connecting material between the vesicle and the plasma membranes. Freeze-fracture replicas of the P-face of the glomus cell plasma membrane showed numerous 40-60 nm pits indicative of fusion sites between the vesicle and the plasma membranes. These results suggested that vesicle exocytosis was Ca2+-dependent and not restricted to specific active zones on the plasma membrane adjacent to afferent nerve endings. Therefore, catecholamine secretion and neuromodulation by these paraneurons may also occur by a mechanism of paracrine secretion. PMID- 6800709 TI - [Use of soft denture liner, Crepet, for denture bases and some clinical cases]. PMID- 6800703 TI - Effect of ethanol ingestion on outcome of drug overdose. AB - It was traditionally assumed that ethanol, as part of an intentional drug overdose, will increase morbidity and mortality. The authors prospectively studied the effect of ethanol on the outcome of intentional drug overdose in 468 adults, 196 of whom required hospital admission. Ethanol was detected in significantly fewer patients who required admission. Ethanol ingestion was not related to coma, impaired vital signs or mortality. Indeed, the duration of coma was significantly shorter in patients in whom ethanol was detected, but this group had a lesser incidence of multiple drug and nonbarbiturate hypnotic ingestion and a greater incidence of chronic ethanol use. Thus, it seems that ethanol is not associated with a worse clinical course if the drug overdose patient reaches medical care before an irreversible event. PMID- 6800711 TI - In vitro tissue culture study on giant cell tumor of bone. PMID- 6800713 TI - Surgical treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 6800710 TI - Day treatment for delinquent youth: an alternative to residential care. PMID- 6800712 TI - Greater omentum-cutaneous axial flap: a method to create transferable skin flap. PMID- 6800701 TI - Nutrition and the respiratory system. PMID- 6800715 TI - Rapid antihypertensive effect of rhomotoxin in 105 hypertension cases. PMID- 6800718 TI - Subscleral sclerencleisis in glaucoma. PMID- 6800717 TI - Multiple precordial leads QRS mapping and its clinical application: a preliminary report. PMID- 6800714 TI - Late results of surgical treatment in esophageal carcinoma and factors influencing prognosis. PMID- 6800721 TI - Role of bronchial cell brush through selective catheterization in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions. PMID- 6800716 TI - Value of the pulmonary valve echogram in estimating pulmonary artery pressure. PMID- 6800720 TI - Hypercatecholaminism: clinical and pathologic manifestations of 37 cases. PMID- 6800722 TI - Coronary artery bypass surgery: a prospective evaluation in stable angina. PMID- 6800723 TI - Chest x-ray manifestations of acute leukemia. PMID- 6800719 TI - Liver alveolar echinococcosis in the northwest: report of 15 patients and a collective analysis of 90 cases. PMID- 6800724 TI - Locked-in syndrome (pontopseudocoma): report of 3 clinical and pathologic cases. PMID- 6800725 TI - Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of 103 cases. PMID- 6800726 TI - Renovascular hypertension with special reference to "panaortitis". PMID- 6800728 TI - [Biliary peritonitis: report on 28 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800727 TI - [Tensile strength of the rabbit femur after CO2 laser coagulation]. PMID- 6800729 TI - [Longitudinal fracture of teeth---animal experiment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800731 TI - [Ocular sarcoidosis (report of 10 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800730 TI - [A preliminary report on the experimental research of transplantation of pancreatic islet of new born rats to alloxan diabetic rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800732 TI - [Partial iridocyclectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800733 TI - [Ultrastructure and diagnosis of primary hemangiopericytoma in two cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800734 TI - [Morphological observation on inflammatory pseudotumor in orbit associated with proliferation of lymph cell and transformation into immunoblasts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800735 TI - [Malignant reticulocytosis of the orbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800737 TI - [Metastatic carcinoma of choroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800736 TI - [A clinicopathologic analysis of 33 cases of ocular disorders easily confused with retinoblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800738 TI - [Case report of metastatic carcinoma of choroid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800739 TI - [Removal of cavernous hemangiomas in the muscle cone by anterior orbitotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800741 TI - [Measurement of the horizontal corneal diameter in 717 preschool children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800743 TI - [A report on experimental studies and clinical application of cornea preserved with human cord blood serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800744 TI - [Removal of magnetic intra-ocular foreign bodies through incision over the pars plana (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800742 TI - [Measurement of various diameters of children's eyeball enucleated postmortem (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800740 TI - [A statistical study on the configuration of the eye among Chinese (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800745 TI - [Superficial keratectomy (report of 60 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800746 TI - Bone scintigraphy for the detection and follow-up of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. AB - A group of 100 patients with carcinoma of the lung underwent an examination for metastatic spread; evaluation of the bone scans taken at that time showed that 4 of these patients had the clinical and scintigraphic symptoms of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. Roentgenological abnormalities were evident in 3 of these 4 cases. The diverse scintigraphic patterns characteristic of hypertrophic osteoarthropathy are discussed. Follow-up bone scans taken after initiation of therapy were used to investigate the changes in the scintigraphic patterns in 3 patients. Improvement was seen within 2 months. Clinical improvement preceded improvement on the scan; radiological improvement however, occurs later than that seen on the bone scan. PMID- 6800747 TI - [Plasmid transformation of Bacillus thuringiensis protoplasts]. PMID- 6800748 TI - [Immunological detection of the residual protein antigen of rat hepatoma-27 cell nuclei]. PMID- 6800749 TI - [Morphogenetic and mutagenic action of 1-(chloromethyl)silatrane on Drosophila melanogaster]. PMID- 6800752 TI - Application of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis to clinical practice. AB - This article is intended to introduce the reader to the concepts of CEA/CBA for purposes of evaluating innovative pharmacy services. Furthermore, sensitization to the issues surrounding CEA/CBA studies should allow the reader to be more discriminating in reviewing such reports in the literature. Rising costs for health care and the existence of limited resources are forcing policy makers to allocate resources in ways that maximize return-on-investment. It is felt by some that in the 1980s, researchers will be expected to answer the questions, "How much better is the innovation?" and "How do the expected benefits of an innovation compare with the benefits that could be obtained if the resources were used in some alternative way?" Part of the solution will require changes in the training and practice of health professionals. Future physicians, pharmacists, and others will need to acquire skills from the behavioral, social, and decision sciences (e.g., epidemiology, statistics, economics, decision analysis). The notion of cost-effective clinical decision making needs to be taught at all levels. Health practitioners involved with decision making at the level of the patient need to become more knowledgeable of the overall impact (regarding costs and benefits) of their decisions. Finally, evaluation of innovative pharmacy services is but one element of a management program for clinical services. Our attempt is not to deemphasize the need for studies documenting the value of clinical services, but rather to put evaluation in perspective with an equally important need, the need for development of an overall pharmacy program that is not only cost effective but efficient as well. The means to this end is a total management program integrating all pharmacy services. PMID- 6800753 TI - Two new enteral feeds: Nutrauxil and Nutranel. PMID- 6800751 TI - Nitroglycerin intravenous infusion. AB - The treatment of various cardiovascular problems with intravenous nitroglycerin is widely practiced though unapproved. The uses of iv nitroglycerin include improvement of the hemodynamics of left ventricular failure and cardiogenic shock associated with infarction, control of hypertension during coronary artery surgery, and possibly, reduction of acute myocardial infarct size. The popularity of this treatment in the absence of an FDA-approved commercial product has forced some hospitals to prepare the drug extemporaneously, and the advantages and disadvantages of preparation and storage techniques are presented. PMID- 6800750 TI - [Ultrastructural organization of bacteria destroying sodium dodecyl sulfate]. PMID- 6800754 TI - [Suppressive treatment of normothyroid female goitre patients with reference to patient compliance (author's transl)]. AB - Synthetic L-thyroxine (100-150 micrograms/d) was administered for 18 months to 110 female patients with normothyroid diffuse goitre size II. Reduction of size was observed in 60 patients after one year, in a further 10 there was no increase in size. Increase of neck circumference and thyroid gland size in 40 patients could be explained by patient non-compliance in 35 females. Renewed assessment of treatment results after another 6 months showed decrease of neck circumference and thyroid gland size in 98 out of the 110 patients. There were no significant differences among in vitro parameters (total thyroxine, normalisation of thyroxine ratio and triiodothyronine) assessed at 12 and 18 months among patients treated successfully and without success. However, the TRH test for delta TSH (TSH stim-TSH basal) showed significantly higher values after 12 months in the non-compliant group treated without success initially. These differences could not be demonstrated after 18 months. The results show that consideration of compliance behaviour in conjunction with the intravenous TRH test clearly improve results of conservative treatment of normothyroid diffuse goitre. PMID- 6800755 TI - [Therapy of recurring erysipelas]. PMID- 6800759 TI - Research on dental caries--the 1970's and beyond. PMID- 6800758 TI - [Oral surgery interventions in Willebrand-Jurgens syndrome]. PMID- 6800756 TI - [Characteristics of male fertility (author's transl)]. AB - Gynaecological and andrological investigation results were analysed in 100 childless couples attending a fertility clinic and where the women finally became pregnant. It was shown that there were no discriminating normal values of the ejaculate distinguishing male fertility and infertility, with the exception of azoospermia. One should rather speak of increased chances due to improvement in sperm count and quality. On the other hand, serum FSH concentration is a sensitive indicator of male fertility and was under 4 micrograms/l in 90% of all fathers. Reproductive functions of the women are of importance for male fertility inasmuch as with an optimal female cycle conception may occur even with unsatisfactory ejaculate. PMID- 6800760 TI - [Electroencephalogram in congenital anophthalmia (author's transl)]. AB - Dysgenesis of the eye produces occipital needle sharp spikes. Neither the age and maturational state of the eye nor the brain create the pathophysiologic conditions which give rise to needle sharp spikes. It seems rather that deafferentation of the visual cortex gives rise to an increase in its irritability which make it fire off in this special manner. Cannon and Rosenblueth presented evidence that, as a general rule, deafferented systems tend to become hyperexcitable. PMID- 6800761 TI - [The jitter-phenomenon in myasthenia gravis and the influence of diazepame. An electromyographic study of single muscle fibre (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800762 TI - [The optic blink reflex: stimulus dependency, excitability and habituation (author's transl)]. AB - Stimulus dependency, excitability and habituation of the flash-induced optic blink reflex were examined by means of an electrooculogram. The results were clearly dependent on the background illumination. In a 30 Lux illuminated room, the blink amplitude and the excitability increased with an increasing stimulus intensity. In a dark room, a low flash intensity was sufficient to produce both high level blink amplitude and excitability which could not be increased by a greater stimulus intensity. The optic blink reflex habituated only very slowly depending on the variability between the stimuli. PMID- 6800763 TI - [Comparison of the blink-reflex obtained using needle electrodes and surface electrodes (author's transl)]. AB - The electrically released Blink-Reflex was registered on four channels simultaneously using needle- and surface-electrodes. 17 healthy volunteers were examined. The latencies of the R1-, R2- and R2'-components are comparable using both recording technics. The amplitudes of the reflex components however show great variation using as well needle- and surface electrodes. The amplitudes didn't turn out to be more stable using surface electrodes. For the clinical use this result implies that both recording technics produce comparable latencies and therefore can be used alternatively according to the special necessities of examination. PMID- 6800764 TI - [Diagnostic value of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in lesions of the brachial plexus (author's transl)]. AB - Simultaneous recording of SEP from the contralateral scalp, the lower neck (C 7) and Erb's point following median or ulnar nerve stimulation may be helpful in the localisation of lesions of the brachial plexus and associated spinal roots. In lesions proximal to the dorsal root ganglia, the potential recorded from Erb's point (EP), as well as the first component of the neck-SEP ("NSEP 1", "N 9") are normal, whereas the following components of the cervical response ("NSEP 2 + 3", "N 11 + N 13") are reduced or absent, depending on the severity of the functional impairment (Fig. 1). In lesions distal to the ganglia the EP-potential shows a significant reduction in amplitude as compared to the normal side. The neck- and scale-SEP are less attenuated or even normal in this condition, because of the phenomenon of synaptic amplification (Fig. 2). Combined lesions of the brachial plexus and cervical roots, which especially occur in traumatic injuries are characterized by an attenuation of the EP-potential and a relatively larger attenuation or an absence of the neck-SEP (N 13) (Fig. 3). SEP examination may therefore be valuable in estimating the degree of involvement distal and proximal to the dorsal root ganglia. PMID- 6800765 TI - [Prognostic value of EEG in acute posttraumatic coma (author's transl)]. AB - To evaluate the prognostic power of a single EEG-record, the recordings of 50 patients with posttraumatic coma performed within 48 hours after the injury were compared with the outcome after 6 months. A 5-point scale comprising 2 EEG patterns being notorious for their dismal prognostic significance (suppression bursts, alpha-coma) and changes of vigilance were used as a mean of visual assessment of the recordings. In 24 out of the 28 patients with a bad outcome, the EEG had shown the patterns of category I, II and III (suppression bursts, alpha coma, no changes of vigilance). Of the 22 patients with a good outcome, the EEG had been classified as IV or V (clearly discernible changes of vigilance, sleep patterns). Further findings of particular dismal prognostic significance were focal epileptic discharges, as 9 out of the 11 patients with this EEG pattern had not survived the posttraumatic coma for more than 6 months. PMID- 6800757 TI - New antiarrhythmic drugs: their place in therapy. PMID- 6800767 TI - [The effect of kryptopyrrole on the brain-activity of cats: a quantitative EEG analysis (author's transl)]. AB - Continuing earlier investigation Z. EEG-EMG, 1976, 7, 151-156 the authors have studied the electrical activity of the cortex and subcortical regions elicited by stimulating mesencephalic reticular formation, after injection i.p. of Kryptopyrrole. The changes of activity was tape recorded and subjected to an off line computer analysis with the method of Fast Fourier. Power spectral densities as well as auto and cross correlograms were calculated. The threshold for desynchronisation following stimulation shows a characteristic form due to the effect of Kryptopyrrole: after temporary decrease there is a marked increase. After stimulation the effect on subcortical structures in strikingly different from that of the cortex. PMID- 6800766 TI - [The EEG in necrotizing herpes encephalitis (author's transl)]. AB - 34 EEG records of 9 patients with verified necrotizing-herpes-encephalitis permit the following statements concerning the electroencephalographic findings. 1. The EEG is always severely affected in the acute stage. This is characterized by a progressive slowing and disorganization, almost constantly coexistent with focal signs or pronounced asymmetries. 2. The preferential site in the temporo-insular, hippocampal and orbitofrontal regions of the pathological process is almost invariably reflected by the uni- or bilateral fronto-temporal local slow-wave abnormality. Even bilateral processes may show asymmetries, which correspond to the different expansion of the process in the hemispheres. 3. Periodic complexes, if present differ from those seen in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. They are highly suggestive of the diagnosis of herpes encephalitis but do not indicate always a poor prognosis. 4. Local slow wave abnormality may be followed by local flattening indicating a necrosis of large cortical areas. 5. Epileptiform discharges present in only 7 of the 34 records were always focal or lateralized. 6. In a case followed up to 46 months the EEG became temporarily normalized although severe neurologic deficits were present at the same time. PMID- 6800770 TI - Regulation of tonic gonadotropin release in prepubertal female hamsters. AB - Basal serum gonadotropin levels were monitored weekly in female hamsters from birth to 10 weeks of age. Hamsters raised on three different photoperiods presented uniform pre- and postpubertal patterns of serum LH and FSH, suggesting that gonadotropin release in the young hamster occurs independently of ambient photoperiod. In all groups, serum LH levels increased gradually in animals up to 4 weeks of age, after which levels plateaued at 50--100 ng/ml. Serum FSH was markedly elevated in 2- and 3-week-old hamsters (800--1200 ng/ml), but remained at 200--400 ng/ml in all other groups. We next examined the change in the responsiveness of the pituitary to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) challenge. Female hamsters 2 days of age failed to respond to any dose (0.025--1000 ng) of GnRH, while 10-day old females responded in typical dose dependent fashion. GnRH-stimulated LH release first occurred in 6-day-old hamsters and was maximal by day 9, whereas FSH release first occurred on day 8 and was maximal by day 9. The prepubertal pattern of gonadotropin release can, in part, be explained on the basis of the development of pituitary GnRH sensitivity, which occurs independently of photoperiod. PMID- 6800768 TI - Melatonin directly inhibits rat gonadotroph cells. PMID- 6800769 TI - Divergent effects of prolactin on estrogen and progesterone production by granulosa cells of rat Graafian follicles. AB - The effect of PRL on ovarian steroidogenesis was studied in cultured granulosa cells isolated from follicles of mature cycling rats on the morning of proestrus. Ovine PRL 10-1000 ng/ml) inhibited estradiol production but stimulated progesterone biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of PRL was most prominent after 4 days of culture: 1000 ng/ml PRL suppressed estradiol production by 80% but increased progesterone synthesis by 290%, whereas the lower dose of 10 ng/ml inhibited estrogen secretion by 20% without altering progesterone synthesis. The divergent effect of PRL was not shown to be species specific, since ovine, rat and human PRL had similar effects. Using increasing concentrations of androstenedione (the aromatase substrate), estrogen secretion remained suppressed and progesterone production was stimulated by PRL. FSH stimulated both estrogen and progesterone production. The FSH-induced increased in estrogen production was inhibited by concomitant treatment with PRL. In contrast, PRL and FSH had an additive action in stimulating progesterone production. Although LH alone had no effect on steroidogenesis, concomitant treatment with LH and PRL resulted in a stimulation of progesterone production that was additive. This study demonstrates that PRL acts directly on granulosa cells of Graafian follicles of adult cycling rats to stimulate the secretion of progesterone and to suppress estradiol production. PMID- 6800771 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) selectively and rapidly stimulates phosphatidylinositol turnover in GH pituitary cells: a possible second step of TRH action. AB - TRH was found to rapidly influence 32PO4 incorporation into phospholipids of PRL secreting GH pituitary cells. Analogs of TRH were found to exert similar effects, with potencies related to receptor-binding affinity. Additional PRL-releasing agents were also tested. Bombesin exerted a similar effect, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, 8-bromo cAMP, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 50 mM K+, and scorpion venom toxin had no influence. Cationophore A23187 stimulated phospholipid labeling in a manner distinguishable from that of TRH. Chromatographic analysis showed the action of TRH to be restricted to the labeling of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. Kinetic studies indicated a rapid influence of TRH on phosphatidylinositol breakdown, with subsequent accelerated 32PO4 incorporation into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidic acid. These studied identified a rapid, receptor-mediated, cAMP-independent action of TRH on phospholipid metabolism. Similar effects of other hormones are believed to be involved in promoting cellular Ca2+ translocation. The rapid onset of the response reported here suggests that this event may play a role in mediating the PRL-releasing effects of TRH and bombesin in GH cells. PMID- 6800773 TI - Evidence for an extraluteal antifolliculogenic action of chorionic gonadotropin in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6800775 TI - Mode of action of progesterone in the blockade of gonadotropin surges in the rhesus monkey. AB - The action of progesterone (P) to block estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges in the rhesus monkey requires an intact hypothalamus. The present study was performed to determine whether the blocking action of P is the result of an inhibition in hypothalamic GnRH secretion or of some other mechanism. Ovulatory menstrual cycles were initiated in acyclic rhesus monkeys with intact nervous systems by a pulsatile GnRH replacement regimen previously shown to be effective in sustaining normal ovarian cycles in monkeys with hypothalamic lesions. Whereas unambiguous surges of LH and FSH were elicited by estradiol benzoate during the follicular phase of these cycles, no such gonadotropin discharges were obtained in the presence of luteal phase levels of P generated by sc P-containing Silastic capsules. Because exogenous GnRH replacement was provided throughout these experiments, it is concluded that P blockade of estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges is not the consequence of an interruption in GnRH release. The results suggest, rather, that P may cause the production of an inhibitory factor from the central nervous system which blocks the positive feedback action of estradiol on the pituitary gland. PMID- 6800772 TI - Induction of ovulation and normal luteal function by pulsed injections of luteinizing hormone in anestrous ewes. PMID- 6800774 TI - Peptide antagonists of LH-RH: large increases in antiovulatory activities produced by basic D-amino acids in the six position. AB - It has been assumed, usually with good reason, that D-amino acids with large aromatic side-chains must be present in position 6 of both LH-RH superagonists and antagonists for the highest levels of biological activity to be reached. However, using one of a recent generation of potent lH-RH inhibitory analogs as a model, we have found that the insertion of D-lysine or, better still, D-arginine in this position results in greater antiovulatory activity in the rat over corresponding D-phenylalanine6- and D-tryptophan6-analogs. For instance, [Ac-D-p Cl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]-LH-RH exhibits antiovulatory activity at a dose of 750 ng per animal and appears to be the first competitive antagonist with activity in the nanogram region in vivo. This effect seems to be highly dependent on the degree of basicity of the amino acid side-chain since D-amino acids with neutral or acidic groups produced far less active compounds. PMID- 6800777 TI - Hypercalcemia influences TRH-stimulated TSH and T3 response. AB - The influence of acute hypercalcemia induced by i.v. infusion of calcium gluconate on basal TSH and T3 levels in plasma and on their response to TRH stimulation (TRH test) was investigated in 10 healthy subjects. TRH test under normal conditions without hypercalcemia was carried out in the same subjects. Under acute hypercalcemia the basal T3 levels were evaluated markedly up to levels occurring after TRH stimulation. However, the relative increase of T3 following TRH challenge was of the same degree as in normocalcemia. Basal TSH levels did not differ from those found under normocalcemia, but the response to TRH was decreased. The results suggest that hypercalcemia affects the mechanisms regulating the levels of the thyroid hormones and TSH. PMID- 6800778 TI - Comparison of four mathematical models for the calculation of radioimmunoassay data of LH, FSH, and GH. AB - Weighted linear logit-log regression, point-to-point logit-log interpolation, smoothing spline approximation and the four-parameter logistic function calculated by non-linear regression have been compared. The data for comparison have been obtained from two different pool-sera for each of the LH-, FSH- and GH RIA and from the basal serum LH values of two populations of children. The Wilcoxon matched pairs signed rank test was used for comparison: For GH there is no significant difference between all methods, for FSH the weighted linear logit log regression and spline approximation appeared to be equivalent, but for LH no unequivocal assertion can be made. There is no significant difference between the mathematical models for determination of hormone concentration within one assay run of a population as exemplified for LH. In addition, pool-sera data were subjected to an analysis of variance and the comparison of the results revealed that the different models did not lead to different statements about assay performance. The point-to-point logit-log interpolation is proposed as most simple curvilinear approximation for assays which cannot be linearized by logit log transformation. PMID- 6800776 TI - Effects of testosterone and estradiol on a sex-specific rat serum protein in intact and castrated female and male rats. PMID- 6800779 TI - Effects of an intranasally administered low dose progestogen on the gingival epithelium. PMID- 6800780 TI - The suppressive effect of triiodothyronine on the release of thyrotropin in old age. PMID- 6800781 TI - Review of experimental carcinogenesis by compounds related to vinyl chloride. AB - The experimental carcinogenesis results in six compounds related to vinyl chloride are reported. Vinylidene chloride, given by inhalation, was carcinogenic in male CD-1 mice, male CD rats, Sprague-Dawley rats and male Swiss mice. Trichloroethylene, given by gavage and inhalation, was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice. When given by gavage, perchloroethylene was carcinogenic in the B6C3F1 mice, and dichloroethane was carcinogenic in Osborne-Mendel rats and B6C3F1 mice. Dibromoethane, given by gavage and inhalation, was carcinogenic in B6C3F1 mice, F344 rats and Osborne-Mendel rats. Finally, epichlorohydrin was carcinogenic in male Sprague-Dawley rats and B6C3F1 mice. PMID- 6800782 TI - Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride monomer: a model of risk assessment on an experimental basis. AB - Data are presented regarding the final results of the Bentivoglio (Bologna) project on long-term carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride (VC). The experimental project studied the effects of the monomer, administered by different routes, concentrations and schedules of treatment, to animals (near 7000) of different species, strains, sex and age. To our knowledge this is the largest experimental carcinogenicity study performed on a single compound by a single institution. The results indicate that VC is a multipotential carcinogen, affecting a variety of organs and tissues. In the experimental conditions studied, the neoplastic effects of the monomer were also detected at low doses. The experimental and biological factors greatly affect the neoplastic response to VC. Long-term carcinogenicity bioassays are, at present, a unique tool for the identification and quantification of environmental and occupational risks. Precise and highly standardized experimental procedures are needed to obtain data for risk assessment. PMID- 6800784 TI - NADH dehydrogenase and NADH oxidation in membrane vesicle from Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6800785 TI - Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine oxidase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - An oxidase complex has been solubilized and partially purified from the membrane particle of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown under limited oxygen condition. The oxidase consists of two major cytochrome components, cytochrome c554 and cytochrome o (b561), with a molar ratio of about 9:1 in terms of c-heme to protoheme content. Ninety percent of the cytochrome c+o complex, corresponding to all of the cytochrome c554, is reducible by reduced N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine. This partially purified oxidase exhibited a maximal specific activity about 5 mumol O2 uptake x min-1 x mg protein-1, with a Km (of reduced N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine) = 7.2 x 10(-4) M at 30 degrees C. The oxidase is sensitive to KCN, NaN3 and NaNO2. Oxidation-reduction potentiometric titration shows that cytochrome c554 has a midpoint potential of 289 mV and cytochrome o of + 25 mV at pH 7.2 in the partially purified oxidase preparation. The purity of the preparation has been estimated to be about 85--90% by gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6800783 TI - Pneumoconiosis in animals exposed to poly(vinyl chloride) dust. AB - Rats, guinea pigs and monkeys were exposed by inhalation (6 hr/day, 5 days/week) for up to 22 months to a 13 mg/m3 concentration of PVC dust. Autopsies on rats and guinea pigs were performed after 12 months of exposure and on monkeys after 22 months after 22 months of exposure. Lung function tests were performed on monkeys after 9, 14 and 22 months of exposure. Aggregates of alveolar macrophages containing PVC particles were found in the lungs of all animals. These aggregates were more numerous in the monkey lungs. No fibrosis or significant cellular infiltrates were present in or near these cellular aggregates. No significant effects on pulmonary function could be demonstrated in the monkeys exposed to PVC. Under the conditions of this experiment, inhaled PVC produced a benign pneumoconiosis. PMID- 6800788 TI - Purification and characterization of bovine gastricsin. PMID- 6800786 TI - Photooxidase system of Rhodospirillum rubrum III. The role of rhodoquinone and ubiquinone in the activity of preparations of chromatophores and photoreaction centers. AB - The role of rhodoquinone and ubiquinone in the oxygen photoreducing (photooxidase) activity of Rhodospirillum rubrum was investigated. The sole addition of purified rhodoquinone restored photooxidase activity in isolated chromatophores which had been extracted with organic solvents and which were apparently free of secondary acceptor ubiquinone. Rhodoquinone also enhanced photooxidase activity in photoreaction center preparations from which secondary ubiquinone seemed to have been removed. Those results suggest that rhodoquinone accepts electrons directly from primary ubiquinone during chromatophore photooxidase activity. In contrast, rhodoquinone does not participate in the basal activity of photoreaction center preparations, which seems to result from the autooxidation of both primary and secondary ubiquinone. PMID- 6800787 TI - Catalase is induced by ecdysterone and ethanol in Drosophila cells. AB - Clones sensitive or resistant to ecdysterone and cultured in vitro were isolated from established cell line of Drosophila melanogaster. Ecdysterone (20 hydroxyecdysone), a hormonal steroid of critical importance in insect physiology, induces catalase activity in the sensitive clones. This catalase induction does not occur in clones known to be resistant to the the hormone. The important role of catalase as a scavenger for H2O2 in the aerobic cells (Drosophila cells in culture are consuming oxygen) led to the demonstration of catalatic properties of this induced enzyme. The peroxidatic property of catalase, useful in alcohol metabolism, was the reason for showing that ethanol can also induce catalase in Drosophila cells. PMID- 6800790 TI - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of thermoacidophilic archaebacteria. AB - The component compositions of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerases of the extremely thermophilic, anaerobic sulfur-respiring archaebacteria Thermoproteus tenax and Desulfurococcus mucosus strongly resemble each other but also that of the RNA polymerase of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius suggesting that both organisms belong to the same novel order Thermoproteales, which together with the order represented by Sulfolobus, forms the thermoacidophilic branch of archaebacteria. The component pattern of the RNA polymerase of Thermoplasma acidophilum, which does not belong to this branch, also appears homologous. The archaebacterial type of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is thus characterized by 9-10 components yielding a characteristic pattern which resembles that of yeast RNA polymerase A(I). In contrast to the alpha subunit of eubacterial RNA polymerases, the third largest component of archaebacterial RNA polymerases, although similar in size, is present only one per enzyme monomer. The polymerases of T. tenax and D. mucosus, like those previously isolated from other archaebacteria, are completely resistant against 100 microgram/ml rifampicin and streptolydigin. The RNA polymerases of both organisms are highly thermostable. The enzyme from D. mucosus transcribes selectively and almost completely the H strand of phase T7 DNA. PMID- 6800789 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of microsomal membrane proteins. Site of synthesis and mode of insertion of cytochrome b5, cytochrome b5 reductase, cytochrome P-450 reductase and epoxide hydrolase. PMID- 6800792 TI - Covalent bonding of protein to polyamine in the cyst coat of the protozoan Colpoda steinii. AB - 1. High-voltage electrophoresis and chromatography before and after reaction with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride have identified putrescine and spermidine in hydrolysates of cyst coat proteins from the protozoan Colpoda steinii. 2. Amounts present varied with putrescine up to 19.7 and spermidine up to 16.9 residues per 1000 amino acid residues. 3. The amines were not, in the main, removed by acid or alkaline extraction or by reprecipitation. They were present in hydrolysates of peptides isolated electrophoretically from acid degraded coat protein. 4. Proteolysis of oxidised coat protein produced a soluble core polypeptide to which the major proportion of the amines were attached and which had a simple composition. It was composed almost entirely of glutamic acid or glutamine, glycine, serine and cysteic acid, these residues being present in the approximate ratio of 10:2:1:1. 5. When coat protein was treated with 5 dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl chloride and hydrolysed no fully substituted amines could be detected but putrescine with one group substituted and spermidine derivatives with one and two groups substituted were present. PMID- 6800793 TI - Structural correlates of glutaraldehyde induced uncoupling in mouse liver gap junctions. AB - The structure of gap junctions in unfixed and glutaraldehyde fixed rapid-frozen mouse liver has been examined in the rotary shadowed freeze-fracture replicas. Glutaraldehyde fixation alters the packing of connexons and reduces the average interconnexon spacing from 10.2 +/- 2.4 nm in unfixed preparations to 8.7 +/- 1.9 nm in the fixed preparations. The fixed, glycerinated and conventionally frozen preparations display an average interconnexon spacing of 8.8 +/- 1.6 nm. In the light of well-known cross-linking and denaturing properties of glutaraldehyde it has been suggested that fixation perhaps results in conformational alterations in the connexons leading to slight contraction of the gap junctional lattice of connexons. Based upon these results, the structural correlates of glutaraldehyde induced uncoupling are presumably different from the ones induced by functional uncouplers such as the free cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca2+ and/or H+ ions, which obliterate the low resistance channels in the connexons. PMID- 6800791 TI - Investigation of the role of uncharged tRNA in the regulation of polypeptide chain initiation by amino acid starvation in cultured mammalian cells; a reappraisal. PMID- 6800794 TI - Tamoxifen in the therapy of post-menopausal endometrial cancer: variations in some hormonal parameters. PMID- 6800795 TI - Quality control of 113mIn-colloid: a new rapid method. PMID- 6800796 TI - Excretion of aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of 3H - GSH (15.4 mg, 0,5 microCi) 15 minutes before a similar i.p. treatment with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (2mg/kg) showed less than 40% of the radioactivity in the 24 h urine and 30-35% in the bile. Analysis of the urine and bile samples by TLC and separation with XAD-2, showed only traces of the AFB1 - GSH adduct present in the urine and 14% in the bile, AFB1 metabolites isolated from the urine of the 3H - GSH treated rats identical with those of rats treated with AFB1 only. While GSH Conjugate appears therefore to be a major component of biliary excretion of AFB1, it does not seem to be significant in the urinary excretion of the toxin. PMID- 6800797 TI - Dose-dependent toxicity of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether vapour in the rat. AB - Wistar male rats were exposed by inhalation to 50, 100 or 400 ppm of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) for 1 to 2 weeks. The overall hepatic drug oxidation reactions, O-deethylation of 7-ethoxycoumarin and 7-ethoxyresorufin and cytochrome P-450 content were only slightly affected by the EGME exposures. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity showed a tendency toward a dose-dependent decrease in liver, the activity being 73% and 64% of that in the controls after one and two weeks of exposure, at 400 ppm respectively. UDP glucuronosyl transferase activity exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in liver microsomes after exposure for two weeks to EGME. The enhancement was 1.3- 1.7- and 3.0 fold with exposure to 50, 100 and 400 ppm of EGME respectively. After exposure for one week the UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity in kidney microsomes was similarly enhanced. A dose-related increase in measurable UDPglucuronosyltransferase activity was also obtained in Triton X-100 treated hepatic microsomes. GSH levels of the liver and kidneys in EGME treated animals showed a tendency towards a dose dependent increase. The activities of low-Km and high-Km aldehyde dehydrogenases in liver were decreased 6 - 14% of that in the controls with exposure to 400 ppm of EGME when glycolaldehyde was used as a substrate. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity was not influenced by inhalation exposures to EGME. PMID- 6800798 TI - PTH radioimmunoassay and loading tests in the diagnosis of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - PTH radioimmunoassay today represents an unreplaceable tool in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism. However, the diagnostic importance of its dosage on selective venous samples is still discussed. Herein, we report our experience of 47 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism. The catheterization of neck veins was performed according to Doppman and co-workers. The PTH assay was carried out with COOH- and NH2-specific antisera. (In 5 cases an inhibition test with CaCl2 infusion was practiced during selective catheterization to preoperatively discriminate between adenoma and hyperplasia.) In 8 cases loading tests with EDTA and in 6 cases with CaCl2 were also performed in association with peripheral venous sampling, in an attempt to improve its sensibility. The 47 cases operated upon showed the following results: the peripheral PTH values were significantly raised in 60% of the cases; the selective PTH dosage with COOH specific antiserum showed a parathyroid hyperfunction in 100% of the surgically confirmed cases, whereas with the NH2-specific antiserum an increased PTH rate was found only in 84%. A right preoperative localization was obtained in 73%. The value of loading tests is more difficult to evaluate and is discussed in detail. PMID- 6800799 TI - The use of lymphocytes from axillary lymph nodes of mastectomy patients to generate human monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6800800 TI - Genetic differences in F1 hybrid resistance against tumours of the same parental strain. I. Tumours of C57Bl/6 origin. PMID- 6800802 TI - Hypertension as a membrane disease. PMID- 6800801 TI - Effect of ovariectomy on serially transplanted rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. PMID- 6800803 TI - Converting enzyme inhibition: a novel concept in drug therapy of hypertension. PMID- 6800807 TI - Tissue fibrinolysis in experimental gastric ulcer: a study in the rat. AB - Gastric mucosal lesions were induced in rats by pyloric ligature and intragastric instillation of hydrochloric acid. Within 4 h all rats developed focal mucosal lesions. Early regeneration was observed 72 h after release of the pyloric ligature and replacement of the hydrochloric acid by a phosphate buffer. A significantly increased gastric mucosal fibrinolytic activity was found 4 h after pylorus ligation. The submucosal vascular fibrinolysis remained unchanged. Following release of the pyloric ligature the increased mucosal fibrinolysis returned to normal values after 72 h. Intravenous administration of tranexamic acid significantly decreased the mucosal and vascular fibrinolytic activity without influencing the formation of induced gastric lesions. Increased mucosal fibrinolysis is probably not involved in the development of mucosal lesions. PMID- 6800806 TI - Decreased arteriovenous flow resistance in the left gastric venous area in cirrhotic patients. AB - To assess the relationship between the fluid mechanics in the left gastric venous area and the portal trunk, manometric measurements were made in patients with or without cirrhosis of the liver. In ten normal subjects, temporary portal vein occlusion produced comparable elevation in both the occluded left gastric venous pressure (OLGP) and the portal vein pressure (PVP); 152-429 mm of water in OLGP and 115-452 mm of water in PVP. In sixty cirrhotic patients, however, the portal vein occlusion resulted in far less increase in OLGP than that in PVP; 281-365 mm of water in OLGP and 281-540 mm of water in PVP. In other words, regarding pressure measurements, the relationship was 'separated' in cirrhotics, but 'continuous' in normal subjects. Mathematical analysis of the data using a modification of Wheat-stone bridge model suggested that the arteriovenous flow resistance in the left gastric venous area of cirrhotics was reduced to less than one fifth of that in the controls. It would appear that the increased flow capacity as a result of a reduced arteriovenous flow resistance is responsible for the functional 'separation' from the portal trunk. PMID- 6800805 TI - Intrapartum stress lowers the concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in cord plasma. AB - The concentration of cord plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apoprotein AI and AII has been measured in acidotic and non-acidotic full-term neonates without chronic maternal-fetal problems. The level of cord plasma triglycerides was significantly increased (P less than 0.05) and that of HDL cholesterol significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) in the newborns belonging to the quintile class with the lowest blood pH (less than or equal to 7.20). No differences were present between the acidotic and non-acidotic neonates in the plasma concentrations of total cholesterol or of apoprotein AI and AII. The concentration of triglycerides was increased (P less than 0.05) and that of HDL cholesterol was decreased (P less than 0.05) in the infants with the longest duration of labour. No correlation was observed between the concentration of glycerol and lipids or lipoproteins in cord plasma. The results suggest that intrapartum stress raises plasma triglycerides and induces qualitative and quantitative changes in the plasma high density lipoprotein fraction in the newborn. PMID- 6800804 TI - Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones in normal pregnancy: response to a protein rich meal. AB - The plasma concentrations of gastrin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), gut glucagon-like-immunoreactivity (gut GLI), insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide (PP) were studied following the ingestion of a protein rich meal in late pregnancy and postpartum in 11 normal women. In pregnancy, the fasting plasma concentrations of glucose (mean +/- SEM in pregnancy: 4.1 +/- 0.1 mmol l 1, postpartum: 4.7 +/- 0.1 mmol l-1, P less than 0.01), gut GLI (25 +/- 3 v. 33 +/- 2 pmol-eqv l-1, P less than 0.01), and PP (7.9 +/- 1.0 v. 13.0 +/- 1.2 pmol l 1, P less than 0.01) were decreased, gastrin and GIP unaltered, and insulin (90 +/- 9 v. 72 +/- 5 pmol l-1, P less than 0.05) and glucagon (17 +/- 1 v. 13 +/- 1 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) increased. The gastrin, GIP and glucagon responses to the meal were unaffected by pregnancy, whereas the responses of gut GLI (integrated responses in pregnancy: 1217 +/- 325 pmol-eqv l-1, postpartum 2223 +/ 404 pmol-eqv l-1, P less than 0.05) and PP (9801 +/- 1440 v. 14,078 +/- 1543 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) were impaired and the insulin response enhanced (27,973 +/- 6814 v. 11,409 +/- 3102 pmol l-1, P less than 0.01) in pregnancy. The physiological implications of these findings are at present not known in detail. They may, however, be important for the altered carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy and also for the changes occurring during gestation in gastrointestinal physiology. PMID- 6800808 TI - Immediate effects of captopril in acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction. AB - In eight patients with acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction the haemodynamic effects of captopril (25 mg), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, were measured. Haemodynamic modifications were maximal at 60 min and lasted for 2-3 h. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell from 23.5 +/- 4.9 (mean +/- SD) to 16.8 +/- 4.7 mmHg (P less than 0.01), cardiac output rose from 3.24 +/- 1 to 4.05 +/- 0.91 1/min (P less than 0.01). Systemic vascular resistance decreased from 27.34 +/- 3.81 to 17.52 +/- 1.65 mmHg min l-1 (P less than 0.01). Mean arterial pressure fell from 89.6 +/- 13.9 to 75.7 +/- 16.3 mmHg (P less than 0.001) while heart rate was not significantly modified. Six patients who had high pretreatment plasma renin activity values responded by a decrease in ventricular filling pressure and/or an increase in cardiac output. One patient with normal initial plasma renin activity value showed similar haemodynamic effects. THese data suggest that in the short term captopril is a vasodilator with both arterial and venous effects and improves cardiac function in acute left ventricular failure secondary to myocardial infarction. PMID- 6800810 TI - The effect of captopril on catecholamines, renin activity, angiotensin II and aldosterone in plasma during physical exercise in hypertensive patients. AB - The studies were designed to explore the effect of the converting enzyme inhibitor captopril on the activity of the sympathetic nervous system during basal conditions and following graded physical exercise in patients with essential hypertension. Seven males and two females, aged 36-59 years, were hospitalized under metabolic ward conditions and treated for 7 days with captopril given orally in increasing dosages, the final dose being 600 mg daily. The patients were subjected to an individual, graded submaximal work test (bicycling) for 20 min before medication and then again in an identical manner during medication with 600 mg captopril. Blood samples were drawn before exercise and then after 10 and 20 min of work for the determination of plasma angiotensin II (PA II), plasma aldosterone (PAC), plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma noradrenaline (PNA) and plasma adrenaline (PA). Before medication blood pressure (mmHg) was 195/133 immediately before exercise, 230/129 after 10 min of moderate exercise and 263/105 following 20 mon of nearly maximal work. During treatment with captopril the respective blood pressure values were 154/110, 200/100 and 245/98. Captopril had no significant effect on the changes in heart rate following physical exercise. PA II and PAC were substantially reduced and PRA considerably increased by captopril. PA II, PAC and PRA increased in response to exercise both before and following captopril. The exercise stimulated increase in PNA and PA was almost identical before and during captopril. Thus, captopril had no major effect on the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in patients with essential hypertension, neither during basic conditions nor during heavy physical exercise in spite of a profound decrease in PA II. PMID- 6800811 TI - Plasma lipids in kidney transplanted children and adolescents: influence of pubertal development, dietary intake and steroid therapy. AB - Plasma triglycerides and/or cholesterol were significantly increased in twenty four of thirty kidney transplanted children and adolescents with stable renal function, at least one year after the last rejection crisis who received low dose prednisone therapy. The cholesterol increment was related to both low density and high density lipoproteins. However, similar to findings in adult allograft recipients, these increases were very variable: six subjects had normal levels, eight had increased triglycerides, five increased triglycerides and cholesterol, and eleven increased cholesterol. No influence of renal function was found in this series of patients all of whom had plasma creatinine below 160 mumol/l. Subjects who had achieved sexual development had lower cholesterol values. An insignificant difference was observed between patients receiving daily and alternate-day steroid therapy, but a significant negative correlation was found between plasma triglycerides and fractional urinary excretion of 17 OH corticosteroids in the first 6 h after an oral dose of prednisone. Finally, no correlation was found between energy intake and triglycerides; but a significant correlation was observed between protein intake and plasma cholesterol. In conclusion, some patients show a high level of triglycerides and/or cholesterol after renal transplantation, possibly due to a different individual response to steroid therapy. PMID- 6800809 TI - The effect of antipyrine, phenobarbitol and rifampicin on thyroid hormone metabolism in man. AB - The effect of three different live microsomal enzyme inducing drugs on thyroid hormone metabolism was investigated. Seven volunteers were randomly allocated in a crossover design to either antipyrine (1200 mg), phenobarbital (100 mg) or rifampicin (1200 mg) daily for 14 days. Before and after each treatment the following parameters of enzyme induction were measured: antipyrine clearance, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, d-glucaric acid and 6-beta-hydroxycortisol urinary excretion. In addition, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), T3-resin uptake (RT3U), thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone were estimated. Following antipyrine and phenobarbital antipyrine clearance increased by about 45%, while with rifampicin an increase of 125% was observed. The indices of thyroid function did not change following phenobarbital and antipyrine, but after rifampicin T4, FT4 and rT3 decreased by about 14%, and T3 increased by 25%. In addition, the impact of rifampicin on the clearance of injected 125I-T4 was investigated in six additional volunteers by blocking thyroid iodine uptake. The 125I-T4 halflife decreased from 155 to 106 h and its clearance increased from 25 to 50 ml/h, while a fall in T4, FT4 and rT3 by about 40% and no rise but a decrease in T3 by 25% occurred. Therefore an increased clearance of T4 and rT3 but not of T3 seems likely following rifampicin, which might be due to enhanced hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion. PMID- 6800814 TI - European Society for Clinical Investigation. Presidential address. PMID- 6800812 TI - Responsiveness of the renin-aldosterone system during exercise in young patients with essential hypertension. AB - The effect of exercise of gradually increased intensity, i.e. 75 W for 20 min followed by 100 W for 20 min, on plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was studied in young patients with essential hypertension and normotensive control subjects. During exercise without previous sodium loading PRC and PAC increased to the same degree in both hypertensives and normotensives during light exercise; PRC increased further significantly in the normotensives (63 to 72 microIU/ml (medians), P less than 0.01) but not in the hypertensives (46 to 51 microIU/ml) during heavy exercise. PRC and PAC were significantly correlated during both 75 W (rho = 0.633, P less than 0.05) and 100 W (rho = 0.635, P less than 0.05) exercise in the normotensives, but not in the hypertensives. During exercise after loading with 500 ml sodium chloride (0.85 mol/l) PRC and PAC increased in both hypertensives (28 to 42 microIU/ml, P less than 0.01; 0.11 to 0.53 nmol/l, P less than 0.01) and normotensives (22 to 33 microIU/ml, P less than 0.02; 0.12 to 0.34 nmol/l, P less than 0.01), although to a considerably lower degree than without previous loading. PRC and PAC were, however, significantly higher in the hypertensive than in the normotensive group after exercise. It is suggested that the responsiveness of the renin-aldosterone system is abnormal during exercise in young patients with mild essential hypertension, both without and with previous intravenous sodium loading. PMID- 6800813 TI - Hypotensive and renal effects of captopril. AB - The effects of Captopril on blood pressure and renal function were evaluated in ten patients with different degrees of hypertension. In seven, blood pressure was reduced after 7 weeks of therapy; in three it remained practically unchanged. No correlation was found between the standing plasma renin activity before treatment and the hypotensive response. Plasma renin activity increased significantly from the median value of 5.4 (range 1-16.7) to 9.5 (range 2.6-19.8) ng ml-1 h-1 (P less than 0.05) and urine aldosterone significantly fell from 13 (range 2.3-52.5) to 7.4 (range 1.6-14) microgram 24 h-1 (P less than 0.01) during therapy. Renal plasma flow decreased from 534 (range 300-616) to 471 (range 333-606) ml min-1, but the difference was not significant, and glomerular filtration rate fell significantly form 122 (range 64-143) to 88 (range 71-116) ml min-1 (P less than 0.05). No urinary excretion of alpha 2-macroglobulin was observed during Captopril. 24 h proteinuria, albumin and transferrin clearance, alanine-amino transferase, gammaglutamyl transferase and alpha glucosidase excretion rate and malate-dehydrogenase clearance remained unaltered throughout the treatment. This indicates that neither glomerular permeability nor renal tubular function were affected by the drug. PMID- 6800815 TI - Pathogenesis of Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 6800816 TI - Bile salt measurements in Gilbert's syndrome. PMID- 6800817 TI - Age dependent differences in human bile acid metabolism and 7 alpha dehydroxylation. AB - It has been suggested that transformation of secondary bile acids into (co)carcinogenic compounds may have a role in the development of cancer of the large bowel. Because of age dependent differences of this disease we undertook a study of cholic and deoxycholic acid metabolism of eleven young adults (group A, 20-30 years old) and eleven elderly persons (group B, 55-75 years old) with a double isotope dilution method. Daily food intake was standardized individually and gut transit time measured with radioopaque pellets and labelled chromium chloride. The 7 alpha-dehydroxylation fractions (the ratio of deoxycholic acid input rate from the large bowel to cholic acid synthesis rate) were higher in group B (P less than 0.01) due to higher deoxycholic acid input rates (P less than 0.005), especially when individuals from both groups with rapid gut transit were compared. As contributory factor was recognized the higher fractional turnover rate of cholic acid in group B. Pool sizes and synthesis rates of cholic acid and gut transit times were similar. In group A, but not in B, gut transit times correlated with deoxycholic acid input rates (P less than 0.01). The differences in bile acid metabolism may be related to a more effective colonic absorption of deoxycholic acid in the elderly persons with a concomitant decrease of active ileal absorption of cholic acid in the elderly persons. Differences in diet or gut transit time between both groups do not seem to be the underlying mechanism. PMID- 6800819 TI - Reduction of plasma and urinary vasopressin during treatment of severe hypertension by captopril. AB - Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion rate of vasopressin (VP) were examined in ten cases of severe hypertension before and during short-term treatment by Captopril (SQ 14225). Before Captopril, plasma and urinary VP were high (respectively 5.24 pmol/l and 68 pmol/day) and positively correlated to plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone (PA). The decline in blood pressure (mean -15%) after Captopril was correlated not only to initial PRA and PA values, but also to plasma (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001) and urinary (r = 0.78; P less than 0.01) VP values. The initial dose of Captopril (1 mg/kg) induced a rapid decrease in blood pressure whereas plasma VP did not rise and aldosterone decreased. At the eighth day of Captopril treatment (mean daily dose 6 +/- 1.5 mg/kg) the drop in blood pressure (-12%) and in aldosterone persisted together with a significant reduction in plasma (1.18 pmol/l; P less than 0.01) and urinary (25 pmol/day; P less than 0.01) VP. It is suggested that these sustained simultaneous reductions in the rates of secretion of vasopressin and aldosterone are both elements of the antihypertensive effect of Captopril. PMID- 6800818 TI - High density lipoprotein and other lipoproteins in normolipidaemic and hypertriglyceridaemic (type IV) men with coronary artery disease. AB - The aim was to investigate whether a low concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) may be used as a risk indicator in normolipidaemic (n.l.) subjects, and whether a reduced HDL concentration constitutes an additional risk factor in hyperlipoproteinaemia. Eighty-two men with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied. The majority of the CAD men was either n.l. (n = 38) or had type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia (n = 22). These two groups were compared separately to one group of healthy n.l. subjects (n = 44), and one group of healthy subjects with type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia (n = 29). In about 50% of n.l. CAD men the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower than the 15th percentile (0.90 mmol/l) of n.l. controls, and about 65% of n.l. CAD men had ratios of HDL-C/total plasma cholesterol (C) lower than 0.17, the 15th percentile of n.l. controls. Almost all type IV subjects had reduced HDL-C levels and decreased ratios of HDL-C/C, whether they had obvious CAD or not. Thus, in normolipidaemia, but not in type IV hyperlipoproteinaemia, a low HDL-C level may be used as an additional risk factor for CAD development. PMID- 6800820 TI - The stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release: insulinotropic action of branched-chain amino acids at physiological concentrations of glucose and glutamine. AB - The stimulant action of branched-chain amino acids upon insulin release was examined in rat pancreatic islets incubated at physiological concentrations of D glucose and L-glutamine. In the presence of the latter nutrients, L-leucine and L isoleucine used together at a physiological concentration (0.25 mmol/l each) doubled insulin secretion rate. The effect of L-leucine upon insulin release was dose-related without any indication of of a threshold phenomenon. The insulinotropic action of L-leucine was mimicked, to a limited extent, by its nonmetabolized analogue, 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1] heptane-2-carboxylic acid. L Glutamine slightly inhibited glucose-stimulated insulin release. It is concluded that, under close-to-physiological conditions, L-leucine stimulates insulin release by acting in the islet cells both as a fuel and as an allosteric activator of glutamate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6800821 TI - Abnormal haem biosynthesis in chronic alcoholics. AB - The activities of six of the enzymes of haem biosynthesis have been examined in eleven chronic alcoholics admitted to hospital for alcohol withdrawal. The mitochondrial enzymes delta-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) synthase, coproporphyrinogen oxidase and ferrochelatase were monitored in peripheral leucocytes and the cytosolic enzymes ALA dehydratase, uroporphyrinogen-1-synthase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase in peripheral erythrocytes. Compared with control subjects the activity of the initial and rate controlling enzyme of the pathway, ALA synthase, was increased (P less than 0.01) and the activities of ALA dehydratase and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase depressed (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.02 respectively) on the day after admission but all returned to normal by the tenth to twentieth days after alcohol withdrawal. This stimulation of ALA synthase and inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase explains the mechanism by which chronic alcohol ingestion may precipitate cutaneous hepatic porphyria. Two of the alcoholics were anaemic without evidence of haematinic deficiency and this was associated with depressed ferrochelatase activity and iron and porphyrin accumulation. The anaemia and related biochemical abnormalities in these two subjects were all corrected with alcohol withdrawal. It is proposed that inhibition of ferrochelatase activity is the biochemical basis of alcohol related sideroblastic anaemia. PMID- 6800822 TI - Quantitative liver functions after 70% hepatectomy. AB - Following 70% hepatectomy on rats the galactose elimination capacity, taken as a measure of the cytosolic liver function, was reduced from 2.55 +/- 0.48 to 1.27 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SEM) mumol/min. Six hours later it was restored to control values. The prothrombin index, representing the function of the endoplasmic reticulum, was reduced from 1.13 +/- 0.02 to 0.34 +/- 0.02 (arbitrary units) after 12 h, and it was restored after 96 h. The rapid normalization of the initial fall in the capacity to metabolize galactose reflects a two- to three fold increase of the galactose metabolizing capacity of the remaining liver. This study demonstrates that liver functions are dissociated in time following 70% hepatectomy in the rat, and that the galactose elimination capacity is restored before regeneration can compensate for the loss in liver cell mass. PMID- 6800823 TI - Effect of carbenoxolone on alkaline secretion by isolated amphibian gastric and duodenal mucosa. AB - The influence of carbenoxolone sodium on HCO-3 transport has been examined in spontaneously alkalinizing amphibian antral (Necturus and Rana catesbeiana) and proximal duodenal (Rana catesbeiana) mucosa and in cimetidine-treated fundic mucosa (Rana temporaria) in vivo. Low concentrations of carbenoxolone (10(-6)-10( 4) mol/l, serosal side and 10(-5) mol/l, luminal side) did not affect the secretory rate or electrical properties of these tissues. In the stomach a higher concentration of carbenoxolone (10(-3) mol/l, serosal side) caused an immediate fall in transmucosal potential difference (PD) and electrical resistance. There was an initial decrease in the rate of HCO-3 transport followed by an increase in titratable alkalinization due to passive permeation of base from the serosal bathing solution. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent ibuprofen (3 x 10(-3) mol/l, serosal side) inhibited alkaline secretion while the bile salt sodium taurocholate (10(-4) mol/l, luminal side) converted net alkaline secretion to a titratable acidity in cimetidine-treated fundus. Pretreatment of the mucosa with carbenoxolone (10(-4) mol/l) did not influence the response to taurocholate but when added with ibuprofen it potentiated the inhibitory effect of this drug on fundic alkaline secretion. In contrast, prostaglandin E2 (10(-6) mol/l) markedly reduced the inhibition of fundic alkaline secretion caused by ibuprofen. The anti ulcer properties of carbenoxolone do not appear to be related to effects on gastroduodenal HCO-3 transport. PMID- 6800825 TI - Effects of weight reduction on plasma lipoproteins and adipose tissue metabolism in obese subjects. AB - The relationship between obesity and alterations in adipose tissue metabolism and lipid transport was studied in fourteen obese subjects before and after a weight reduction of 4-22 kg. Blood glucose and plasma insulin patterns after peroral glucose intake improved significantly, and plasma glucagon levels decreased markedly after treatment. Plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were not altered, but there was a 20% (P less than 0.05) increase in HDL concentrations. Plasma free fatty acid and glycerol concentrations decreased, in parallel to a decrease in lipolysis rate in vitro. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase activities in postheparin plasma, as well as the intravenous fat tolerance test, were normal and did not change significantly after weight loss. Lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue, expressed per cell, was elevated and did not change after weight reduction. Also, the enzyme activity did not increase after glucose intake before or after treatment. The lack of effect on lipoprotein lipase activity and regulation in combination with significant improvements of other aspects of lipid and glucose transport is consistent with the view that alterations in LPL activity and regulation may represent an early and possibly primary defect in the development of obesity. PMID- 6800826 TI - Hormonal changes induced by a partial opiate antagonist, nalorphine. Evaluation of PRL, GH, TSH, LH, FSH and cortisol secretion. AB - The effects of nalorphine 5 mg i. m., a partial opiate antagonist, on circulating levels of PRL, GH, TSH, LH, FSH and cortisol were studied in six healthy men. Nalorphine produced a produced a prompt and sharp increase in serum PRL and a small, delayed rise in serum GH. Serum LH and cortisol decreased after drug administration and no change in serum FSH and TSH was observed. These findings are discussed and a possible site of action of nalorphine is suggested. PMID- 6800827 TI - Assessment of the cytochrome P-448 dependent liver enzyme system by a caffeine breath test. AB - [1-Methyl-14C], [3-Methyl-14C] and [7-Methyl-14C] caffeine were used to investigate demethylation in control rats, and in rats pretreated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, by a 14CO2-exhalation test. Compared to controls, pretreatment with phenobarbital did not enhance demethylation of any of the labelled caffeines. In contrast, induction by 3-methylcholanthrene, presumably of cytochrome P-448, resulted in highly significant increases in peak 14CO2 exhalation rates, 14CO2 disappearance constants and areas under the exhalation rate - time curves. Based on these results, [7-methyl-14C] and [3 methyl-14C] caffeine were chosen for assessing the feasibility of a caffeine breath test in man, using 5 normal volunteers and 2 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis. 14CO2 exhalation curves in cirrhotics were clearly different from those in normal volunteers, being characterised by a slower rise and a lower specific activity of exhaled 14CO2. Since the variability of the levels of the specific activity in subjects with normal livers suggested the influence of extraneous factors, a second group of normal volunteers, smokers and nonsmokers, was investigated. With either labels, the average 14CO2 exhalation rate was doubled in smokers. From these studies in rats and preliminary results in man it is concluded that specifically labelled caffeine is a suitable and promising substrate for studying demethylation by breath analysis. Presumably, caffeine represents a safe and sensitive indicator of the activity of the cytochrome P-448 system. PMID- 6800828 TI - Functional activities of antibodies against brain-associated T cell antigens. II. Stimulation of T cell-induced B cell proliferation. PMID- 6800830 TI - Effects of encainide on myocardial contractility of cat papillary muscle. AB - The action of a new effective antiarrhythmic agent, encainide, was studied with respect to the mechanical performance of isolated cat papillary muscle. Encainide (0.1-10 micrograms/ml) did not alter the performance of cardiac muscle during either the contraction or relaxation phase. By contrast, lidocaine (1-5 micrograms/ml) caused a slight but statistically significant depression of myocardial contractility in terms of the force-velocity-length analysis, while it did not affect load clamp analysis, zero load clamp analysis and load dependence of relaxation. PMID- 6800833 TI - Inhibition of hemolytic complement activity by lactoferrin in tears. PMID- 6800831 TI - Noradrenaline-octopamine interactions on cortical neurones in the rat. AB - The interactions of noradrenaline and octopamine were tested on spontaneously active neurones in the rat cerebral cortex. When applied with weak iontophoretic currents such that no change in baseline firing rate occurred, octopamine profoundly enhanced both depressant and excitatory responses to noradrenaline. Similar applications of octopamine did not alter depressant responses to dopamine or depressant or excitatory responses to iontophoretically applied 5 hydroxytryptamine. The results could support a role of octopamine as a co transmitter or modulator of noradrenaline mediated neurotransmission. PMID- 6800834 TI - Diffusion chamber (DC) culturing of haemopoietic cells: a reliable assay system for regulators of proliferation? AB - If i.p. DC culturing of haemopoietic cells shall serve as a reliable assay for systemic and/or local peritoneal regulators of proliferation, cell growth must not be restricted by the diffusion capacity through the chamber membranes. Diffusion was assessed by measuring uptake in DC or 51Cr-EDTA of 3H-thymidine, given intravenously to mouse hosts or to chambers incubated in vitro. Fractional incorporation of 3H-thymidine, numbers of mouse spleen colony-forming stem cells, agar colony-forming progenitors (of granulocytes and macrophages), and total cell numbers were taken to reflect cell growth. Changing the diffusion capacity did not lead to marked changes in cell growth; and vice versa, culturing cells under host or chamber conditions that increased cell growth was not associated with an appreciably increased diffusion capacity. Diffusion was increased by replacing Acropor with Millipore DC or by repeatedly cleaning the DC during the culture period. Cell growth was increased by using irradiated rather than normal host mice, and Nucleopore rather than Millipore DC in irradiated mice. Increasing the oxygen delivery to the cultured cells by using polycythaemic and hyperoxic hosts did not enhance cell growth either. PMID- 6800832 TI - Comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of dexamethasone, indomethacin and BW755C on carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. AB - In rat carrageenin pleurisy, dexamethasone (0.25 mg/kg p.o.) inhibited exudate accumulation in the pleural cavity throughout the period of testing while the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs indomethacin (10 mg/kg p.o.) and BW755C (100 mg/kg p.o.) inhibited it for 6 and 9 h respectively after the intrapleural injection of carrageenin but not thereafter. These observations were confirmed by the finding that, of the treatments 6 h after carrageenin, only that with dexamethasone reduced exudate volume at 15 h after carrageenin. The anti exudative action of dexamethasone at 15 h after carrageenin may be at least in part mediated by endogenous substance(s) formed through gene expression, because it was prevented by actinomycin D. Dexamethasone and BW755C markedly inhibited cell accumulation in the pleural exudate throughout the period tested, while indomethacin inhibited it significantly between 9-24 h after carrageenin. PMID- 6800835 TI - Haemonchus contortus: immunodiffusion patterns of antigens from phenotypically different females. PMID- 6800829 TI - A subpopulation of small pre-B cells in rabbit bone marrow expresses kappa light chains and exhibits allelic exclusion of b locus allotypes. AB - The expression of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains by pre-B cells and B lymphocytes was examined by two-color immunoflourescence in heterozygous b5b9 rabbits. Allelic exclusion of b5 and b9 kappa light chain allotypes was observed for both surface immunoglobulin-negative pre-B cells and surface immunoglobulin positive B lymphocytes. In newborn bone marrow, pre-B cells and immature B lymphocytes expressing b9 were as numerous as those expressing b5. In contrast, circulating B cells and bone marrow plasma cells expressing the b5 marker outnumber b9+ cells by 2 to 1 in adult b5b9 animals. Whereas most B lymphocytes expressed kappa light chain b allotypes, approximately 80% of the micro heavy chain-positive pre-B cells did not. The pre-B cells that expressed detectable light chains were relatively small lymphocytes. A model is presented which includes a "transitional" pre-B cell that expresses both micro chains and kappa chains. PMID- 6800838 TI - Excess dietary lysine induces hypercholesterolemia in chickens. AB - Lysine and arginine supplements were fed to 5-day-old chicks to test whether they would develop hypercholesterolemia in response to excess lysine in a fashion similar to mammals. Chicks developed hypercholesterolemia with a 4-5% lysine but not with arginine supplementation. These results indicate the lysine induced hypercholesterolemia is not due to anaplerotic interactions of arginine and lysine with the urea cycle. PMID- 6800837 TI - Secretions of isolated total gastric pouches in fasting and fed rats. AB - In the fasting state, the secretions of isolated total gastric pouches were higher than what was found in classical gastric fistulae. Serum gastrin was lower in operated rats than in normal non-operated rats. The proximal duodenum would contain a substance which inhibited volume and acidity secretion and stimulated pepsin secretion. This role could be developed upon secretin and its family present in high concentration in the upper duodenum. If the vagus was necessary to volume and acid secretion, its action on pepsin secretion was strengthened by the proximal duodenum. After an intestinal meal, all secretions were enhanced, confirming the hypothesis that the intestine would contain an hormone which would act through the vagus, principally for volume and acid secretions and partially for pepsin secretion. PMID- 6800836 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: calcium ionophore A23187-mediated exit of trophozoites from infected murine macrophages. PMID- 6800824 TI - Kidney function and size in normal subjects before and during growth hormone administration for one week. AB - Kidney function and size were studied in seven normal male subjects before and after administration of highly purified human growth hormone for 1 week. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow (steady-state infusion technique with urinary collections using 125I-iothalamate and 131I-hippuran) kidney size (ultrasonic scanning) and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2 microglobulin (radioimmunoassays) were measured. Highly purified growth hormone was injected subcutaneously, 2 IU in the morning and 4 IU in the evening. Glomerular filtration rate increased from (mean +/- SEM) 114 +/- 5 to 125 +/- 4 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01) and renal plasma flow increased from 554 +/- 30 to 601 +/- 36 ml/min x 1.73 m2 (P less than 0.01). Kidney size and urinary excretion rates of albumin and beta 2-microglobulin did not change significantly. Our results show that raising plasma growth hormone into a range similar to that found in insulin-dependent diabetics enhances glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, while kidney size remains unchanged. Increased renal plasma flow is the major determinant of growth hormone induced elevation in glomerular filtration rate. Growth hormone may thus contribute to the enhancement of glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow typically found in insulin dependent diabetics. PMID- 6800839 TI - Spermidine levels and its relationship to DNA synthesis in outgrowing spores and vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6800840 TI - Isolation of a covalent intermediate in beta -lactamase I catalysis. PMID- 6800841 TI - Lymphokines: their role in lymphocyte responses. Properties of interleukin 1. AB - Interleukin 1, or IL 1, otherwise known as lymphocyte-activating factor, is a macrophage-derived 12,000- to 15,000-dalton polypeptide. Isoelectric focusing of human IL 1 reveals three peaks at pI's of 5.2, 6.0 and 6.9 respectively. IL 1 can be depleted of lymphocyte-derived IL 2 by SP-Sephadex chromatography. IL 1 augments the mitogenic response of PNA- Lyt 1+ thymocytes, and promotes thymocyte helper functions and B cell antibody production. IL 1 induces stable E rosette formation and the production of lymphokines such as T cell growth factor (IL 2) by peripheral T lymphocytes. Others have shown that IL 1 or closely related factors also stimulate hypothalamic cells to induce fever; induce in vitro fibroblast growth, prostaglandin, and collagenase production; and stimulate hepatocytes to produce acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A. Murine epidermal cells also produce a 15,000-dalton factor that is mitogenic for thymocytes and may be similar to IL 1. We have recently hybridized spleen cells from mice sensitized with partially purified human IL 1 with a myeloma cell line. Clones have been isolated that produce supernatants that partially inhibit the thymocyte proliferative response to IL 1 but not the T cell growth factor activity of IL 2. Should these hybridoma products prove to be monoclonal anti-IL 1 antibodies, they will facilitate the further purification and characterization of IL 1. PMID- 6800842 TI - Idiopathic premature ovarian failure: clinical and endocrine characteristics. AB - The characteristics of 26 patients with presumptive premature ovarian failure have been examined. The initial diagnosis was based on any single serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration of greater than 40 mIU/ml in karyotypically normal women under 35 years of age with irregular menses or amenorrhea. Clinical manifestations were heterogeneous: some failed to undergo pubertal maturation, and other developed hypergonadotropic amenorrhea following several years of regular menses. Almost 70% experienced hot flashes. Three had thyroiditis. Nine of 18 patients had hormonal evidence of functioning ovarian follicles, and 4 of 9 women had viable oocytes on biopsy. Evidence of ovulation was noted in five patients, and spontaneous pregnancy occurred in one. These data emphasize the fallacy of using elevated FSH levels to diagnose irreversible ovarian failure and indicate the possibility of ovulation and pregnancy in some affected individuals. PMID- 6800845 TI - Pituitary changes in Kallmann's syndrome: a histologic, immunocytologic, ultrastructural, and immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - Pituitary cytology was studied in a man with untreated Kallmann's syndrome who died at the age of 61. All the adenohypophyseal cells were normal except the gonadotrophs. The identifiable gonadotrophs were scanty and had few and small secretory granules, which gave a weak positivity for beta -follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and beta -luteinizing hormone (LH). The tests showed marked hypogenesis, while the adrenals and the thyroid were normal. In the hypothalamus, the lateral tuberal nuclei were undeveloped, and the nucleus subventricularis exhibited nerve cell hypertrophy. The morphologic findings are in accord with the results of endocrine investigations, which showed that the hypogonadism was due to a failure in the secretion of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. PMID- 6800844 TI - Rates of exponential increase of serum estradiol concentrations in normal and human menopausal gonadotropin-induced cycles. AB - Serum unconjugated estradiol concentrations were measured daily in patients who ovulated spontaneously and in patients whose ovulations were induced with human menopausal gonadotropins. When the logarithm of the estradiol concentration was plotted against time (semi-log plot) for each patient, the plots were essentially linear, and the rates of estradiol production were similar during spontaneous and induced cycles. Based on two or three estradiol determinations, subsequent estradiol concentrations can be determined as long as the established rates of estradiol production falls within reasonable confidence limits. The slope of serum unconjugated estradiol concentrations of a patient known to have a multiple gestation due to multiple ovulations did not differ significantly from the slopes of estradiol concentrations with single pregnancies, suggesting that the follicular phase estradiol concentrations do not reflect number of dominant follicles. PMID- 6800846 TI - Sensitivity of pituitary and corpus luteum responses to single intranasal administration of (D-ser[TBU]6-des-gly-NH2(10)) luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone ethylamide (Buserelin) in normal women. AB - We have previously shown that intranasal administration of Buserelin (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt, Germany) at mid-luteal phase inhibits progesterone secretion and shortens the luteal phase. In order to determine the best possible use of this medication, we studied the effect of increasing doses (50 to 1500 microgram) of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist administered between days 6 and 12 after the luteinizing hormone (LH) peak on the pituitary response and corpus luteum function. A near-maximal gonadotropin response was obtained at a dose of 200 microgram. Maximal LH stimulation was observed at 4 hours, and serum levels of the hormone remained elevated for at least 14 hours at the two highest doses. Maximal serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were usually observed 2 hours later than for LH, and the response was longer lasting. A 2- to 2.5-fold stimulating of serum progesterone levels was observed at 8 hours for all doses studied. There was a tendency for a dose effect on serum estradiol levels, a 2-fold stimulation being obtained at 14 hours at the highest dose of LH RH analog. Up to 200 microgram, there was no apparent change in the luteal phase. At the 500-microgram dose, there was a clear tendency for decreased estradiol and progesterone concentrations during the treatment cycle, while at 1000 and 1500 microgram doses steroid levels were clearly inhibited and the luteal phase was shortened by 2.5 days. Posttreatment cycles were normal. Thus the corpus luteum is sensitive to a single high intranasal dose of Buserelin, the luteolytic effect being related to the prolonged gonadotropin response. PMID- 6800843 TI - The value of ultrasound, gonadotropin, and estradiol measurements for precise ovulation prediction. AB - The exact prediction of ovulation is becoming more important in the management of infertile women. Graafian follicle diameter, measured by ultrasound and plasma follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and estradiol levels were compared retrospectively as predictors of ovulation in 14 normal women in whom ovulation was dated by conventional ultrasound techniques. Follicle diameter was found to be a better predictor of the anticipated time of ovulation than endocrine estimations for short-term as well as long-term predictions in normal women. The relationship between follicle diameter and plasma estradiol for each day before ovulation was linear but contained a great amount of scatter, suggesting that the assessment of normality of follicular development in infertile women may not be possible with the use of these parameters. PMID- 6800847 TI - Reproductive failure in women who practice weight control. AB - Forty-seven women (29 with unexplained infertility and 18 with menstrual dysfunction) practiced weight control by caloric restriction in order to maintain a fashionable body habitus. All of these women were below ideal body weight (IBW) when compared with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company tables for height and weight. When 36 of these women followed a dietary regimen designed to increase their weight to predicted IBW, 19 of 26 infertile women (73%) conceived spontaneously; 9 of 10 women (90%) with secondary amenorrhea resumed menstruation. Eleven women (23%) would not accept their practice of weight control as the cause of reproductive failure and did not participate in the study. Differences in the serum gonadotropin luteinizing hormone:follicle stimulating hormone (LH:FSH) ratio were found to be significantly related to differences in the percentage of IBW. The practice of weight control may be a cause of unexplained infertility and menstrual disorders in otherwise healthy women. PMID- 6800851 TI - The effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor and its agonist on cultured human granulosa cells. AB - The possible direct effect of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF) and a potent LRF agonist, [D-Trp6,Pro9NEt]-LRF (LRF-Ag), on basal and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-stimulated estrogen and progesterone production by cultured human granulosa cells was examined. Granulosa cells, collected from healthy follicles (4 to 12 mm in diameter) in the early to midfollicular phase were grown for 2 days in serum-free medium with aromatase substrate (androstenedione; 10(-7) M) and human FSH (100 ng/ml), LRF (10(-10) to 10(-7) M) or in LRF-Ag (10(-7) M). Granulosa cells from each follicle responded to FSH stimulation by showing marked increases (2- to 20-fold) in estrogen and progesterone production. Concomitant treatment with high doses of LRF or LRF-Ag did not alter the steroidogenic effect of FSH. These results suggest that in contrast to the rat, LRF and its agonistic analog do not act directly on human granulosa cells to inhibit acute steroidogenic function. PMID- 6800848 TI - Effect of morphine on the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in postmenopausal women. AB - In this study, 10 postmenopausal women were given 5 mg of morphine intravenously; and the serum level of prolactin (PRL), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and growth hormone (GH) were measured before and after morphine injection. A significant increase in serum prolactin as well as a significant decrease in LH were observed following the administration of morphine. It is suggested that morphine may affect a common neurotransmitter that controls both prolactin and LH secretion. It is also of interest that the increase in serum prolactin following morphine injection is of similar magnitude as observed in premenopausal patients. PMID- 6800853 TI - Comparison of the kinetics of injectable testosterone in eugonadal and hypogonadal men. AB - Serum reproductive hormone levels were measured serially after eugonadal and hypogonadal men had received either a 200-mg or a 100-mg intramuscular injection of testosterone enanthate. The calculated mean integrated testosterone and estradiol levels indicated that the 200-mg testosterone enanthate injection in the hypogonadal subjects maintained eugonadal levels of these hormones through day 11. The 100-mg dose maintained eugonadal levels of these hormones through day 11. The 100-mg dose maintained eugonadal testosterone levels through day 7. The testosterone:estradiol ratios in both groups following the 200-mg injection remained above or at the eugonadal baseline trough day 21. The authors recommend that replacement therapy for hypogonadal men should be 200 mg of testosterone enanthate every 10 to 14 days. A similar dosage would be recommended if testosterone enanthate were to be used as an experimental inhibitor of spermatogenesis (contraceptive agent). PMID- 6800849 TI - Restoration of ovarian function by low nocturnal single daily doses of bromocriptine in patients with the galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome. AB - Eighteen hyperprolactinemic patients with either amenorrhea or both galactorrhea and amenorrhea were treated with 2.5 mg of bromocriptine per day supplied at night. Ovulation occurred in 16 patients, and 8 wishing to conceive became pregnant. One of these patients became pregnant for a second time at a bromocriptine dose as low as 1.25 mg/day. Normal ovulatory cycles in four women receiving 2.5 mg of bromocriptine per day could also be maintained at 1.25 mg, despite the differences in the degree of prolactin (PRL) inhibition. Progesterone and luteinizing hormone levels measured for both bromocriptine levels were consistent with ovulatory cycles. The low, single dose of bromocriptine per day supplied at night decreased PRL levels, but normalization of blood levels did not always occur. Eighty percent of the patients ovulated with prolactin values over 25 ng/ml (normal value = less than 20 ng/ml). PMID- 6800854 TI - Immunologically induced changes in macaque cervical mucus functions: inhibition of sperm penetration. PMID- 6800855 TI - Ovulatory response to clomiphene citrate during bromocriptine-failed ovulation in amenorrhea-galactorrhea and hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6800856 TI - Pituitary hormonal response to the orthopramides clebopride, bromopride, metoclopramide, and sulpiride. PMID- 6800850 TI - A study of prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone in puerperium: spontaneous variations and the effect of metergoline. AB - In 80 normal puerperae, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), including human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG/LH), and prolactin (PRL) levels were evaluated 6 to 29 hours after vaginal delivery. In these puerperae, PRL levels were higher and FSH levels were lower than in menstruating women; hCG/LH levels were very high, due to persisting hCG levels. The values of the three hormones showed a log-normal distribution, and no relationship was found between the three hormones considered in pairs. Thirty-six puerperae chosen from the above 80 were followed during a 5-day period: 24 were not able to breast feed their babies and were treated with metergoline, an antiserotoninergic agent able to prevent puerperal lactation, 8 or 12 mg/day; 12 additional puerperae, nursing their babies, were evaluated as controls. In lactating women PRL and FSH levels remained steady during the observation period, while hCG/LH levels progressively decreased. Metergoline lowered PRL levels, when employed at both dosages, and FSH levels only at the higher dosage, without affecting the decline of hCG/LH levels. Since dopaminergic drugs are known to lower serum LH levels and not to affect or to increase FSH levels, our data indicate that metergoline might act through a mechanism of action different from dopaminergic drugs. PMID- 6800852 TI - Inhibition of serum androgen levels by chronic intranasal and subcutaneous administration of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist in adult men. AB - The effect of chronic treatment with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist Buserelin (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main, West Germany) ([D Ser(TBU)6,des-Gly-NH2(10)]LH-RH ethylamide) administrered by nasal spray (200 or 500 micrograms, twice daily) or subcutaneously (50 micrograms daily) for periods of 1 to 8 months was studied on serum sex steroids and LH levels in 18 patients with cancer of the prostate. Basal serum testosterone concentration decreases to 71.1 +/- 18.3 (NS) and 28.6 +/- 9.3%, (P less than 0.01) of control in patients receiving the 200-micrograms and 500-micrograms dose by nasal spray, respectively. In patients treated subcutaneously, a more rapid inhibition of serum testosterone levels to 19.6 +/- 6.4% of control (P less than 0.01) is observed. The finding of decreased levels of 17-OH-progesterone, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone in the presence of unchanged pregnenolone concentration indicates that the decrease in androgen biosynthesis induced by Buserelin treatment is due to a blockage at the level of 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase activities. The present data indicate that chronic administration of Buserelin could be a safe and effective means of reducing serum androgens in patients with cancer of the prostate. PMID- 6800857 TI - [Mechanisms of the change in blood electrical conductivity on the administration of dehydrating substances]. AB - After i.v. infusion with 20% mannitol or 30% urea (1.5 g/kg) for 30 min, the specific electrical resistance (100 kHz, AC) of the whole blood decreased by 20 30% in anesthetized cats, although the plasma electroconductivity remained unchanged. Hematocrit, owing to osmotic hypervolemia, was significantly decreased thus causing a drop in the whole blood electrical resistance according to Maxwell's equation. PMID- 6800858 TI - Plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol in streptozotocin diabetic and non diabetic mice after prolonged administration of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide and metformin. AB - A possible influence of oral hypoglycaemic drugs on plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations was examined in streptozotocin diabetic and non-diabetic mice. Treatment of streptozotocin diabetic mice with glibenclamide (0.4 mg/kg/day), chlorpropamide (10 mg/kg/day) or metformin (60 mg/kg/day) for 28 weeks did not significantly alter plasma total cholesterol (TC) or HDL-C in streptozotocin diabetic mice. Plasma TC and HDL-C were not related to the prevailing plasma glucose concentration. Non-diabetic mice treated with glibenclamide or metformin for 46 weeks showed no changes in TC or HDL-C. However, chlorpropamide increased TC and HDL-C, and lowered the TC : HDL-C molar ration after 46 weeks in non-diabetic mice. The effect of chlorpropamide was associated with an excessive gain in weight. PMID- 6800859 TI - Hypothyroidism and prolactin. AB - Hypothyroidism-induced hyperprolactinemia, with or without clinical manifestations, is reported in a short case in addition to the results of basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-induced prolactin values in primary hypothyroidism. In comparison with an age- and sex-matched group, basal- (P less than 0.02) and TRH-induced (P less than 0.02) prolactin values are significantly increased in primary hypothyroidism. A review of the literature and the possible pathogenesis of hyperprolactinemia, amenorrhea and galactorrhea are discussed. No correlation could be found between maximal thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin increase values. PMID- 6800860 TI - Cellular adhesion to growth surfaces: a possible role for low molecular weight surface components. AB - Cell lines initiated from a fibrocystic hyperplasia and a carcinoma of the breast and an established human fetal lung fibroblast line, MRC5, were grown in culture. The surface proteins of the cells were iodinated in cell monolayer, and in suspension following harvesting from culture flasks using EDTA. Data are presented which show that cells labelled in suspension show reduced incorporation of 125I into surface proteins of high molecular weight (greater than 100,000 daltons) and considerably increased incorporation into proteins with molecular weight less than 100,000 daltons. These changes are discussed in relation to the possible release of surface material by the action of EDTA. It is also suggested, on the basis of the current findings, that the detachment of cells may expose low molecular weight components possible involved in the attachment of the cells to the substratum. PMID- 6800861 TI - Single oral dose rosoxacin in the treatment of gonorrhoea in males. AB - A study of the new anti-bacterial agent, rosoxacin, a quinoline derivative was made in male subjects with uncomplicated acute gonorrhoea using a single oral dose of 200 mg and a single dose of 300 mg. Of the eight patients who received a single dose of 200 mg, post-treatment urethral smears and cultures for N. gonorrhoeae were positive in all and these subjects were considered as treatment failures. In contrast, a single dose of 300 mg was highly effective as all twenty four who received this dose were cured as judged by negative urethral smears and cultures on the 7th post-treatment day. Of the thirty-eight isolates of M. gonorrhoeae obtained in the study, fifteen (39.5%) were penicillinase-producing, indicating that rosoxacin is effective in treating penicillin-resistant gonorrhoea. Mild to moderate dizziness and/or drowsiness was experienced by four of twenty-nine patients evaluated for safety on the 300 mg single dose, giving an incidence of side-effects of 14%. The symptoms were of brief duration and were self-limiting. A single oral dose of this drug appears to be an ideal treatment for the rapid cure of acute gonorrhoea. PMID- 6800864 TI - The central projections of mesothoracic sensory neurons in wild-type Drosophila and bithorax mutants. PMID- 6800862 TI - Glycosaminoglycans in the basal lamina and extracellular matrix of the developing mouse mammary duct. PMID- 6800865 TI - [Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 6800863 TI - Effect of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-d-xyloside on collagen synthesis in chick limb bud mesenchymal cell cultures. PMID- 6800867 TI - Intranuclear virus-like particles in the hepatocytes of the patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Liver specimens were obtained from 21 non-A, non-B hepatitis patients when their serum transaminase levels were still elevated. The specimens were investigated by transmission electron microscope in order to investigate the presence of the structure relating to this type of hepatitis. Intranuclear electron-dense aggregates of virus-like particles were observed in 2 out of 21 cases. One was an unresolved acute hepatitis case with short-incubation posttransfusion type, and the other was a chronic persistent hepatitis case without bloodtransfusion. The size of these particles varied from 22 to 28 nm in diameter. The incidence of hepatocytes with the particles was approximately 2 to 3% of the cells investigated. These particles may represent an intranuclear alteration in close association with one type of non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6800866 TI - Carcinoma arising in an epiphrenic esophageal diverticulum. PMID- 6800868 TI - Noninvasive assessment of portal-systemic shunting: evaluation of a method to investigate systemic availability of oral glyceryl trinitrate by digital plethysmography. AB - The systemic availability of oral glyceryl trinitrate may be a measure of the fraction of portal blood bypassing the hepatocytes through portal-systemic shunts. In order to test this hypothesis without the need for blood sampling, measurements of drug concentrations in plasma were replaced by assessments of pharmacologic effects by using digital plethysmography. Dose-response curves resulting from graded intravenous infusions of glyceryl trinitrate (8 and 25 microgram/min) were used as standard of comparison for the pharmacologic response resulting from an oral dose of 800 microgram. In 9 normal volunteers, systemic availability of oral glyceryl trinitrate was 2 +/- 4% SD. In 7 patients with end to-side portacaval shunts it was 94 +/- 18%, in 3 patients with distal splenorenal shunts 57 +/- 11%, and in 10 patients with cirrhosis of the liver it varied between 15% and 85%. Systemic availability of glyceryl trinitrate was negatively correlated with the initial plasma disappearance rate of sulfobromophthalein (r = -0.72, p less than 0.01). No significant correlation was found with the galactose elimination capacity (r = -0.12, n = 17). The lack of systemic availability of glyceryl trinitrate in healthy volunteers together with an availability close to 100% after end-to-side shunts is compatible with a very high hepatic extraction of the test compound by the normal liver, and with the idea that the systemic availability of of oral glyceryl trinitrate comes close to representing portal-systemic shunting. The procedure is rapid, essentially noninvasive, and well tolerated by patients. PMID- 6800869 TI - National Cooperative Gallstone Study: the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. AB - Subjects in the National Cooperative Gallstone Study undergoing 12 mo of therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid for the dissolution of gallstones (low-dose, 375 mg/day, n =252; high-dose, 750 mg/day, n = 253) had a mean increase in serum cholesterol of 20 mg/dl as compared with a 5 mg/dl increase in the placebo group (n = 258). The effect of chenodeoxycholic acid on lipoproteins was determined in a random subset of the high-dose (n = 136) and placebo (n = 143) groups. For men, the mean baseline adjusted estimated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level at 12 mo was significantly higher in the high-dose group than in the placebo group (159 vs. 148 mg/dl, p less than 0.01), whereas among women this difference was not demonstrated. Change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was inversely related to baseline cholesterol to an equivalent degree in each group among men and women. Women in the high-dose group had significantly lower very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than did the corresponding placebo group (27 vs. 32 mg/dl, p less than 0.003). Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels did not differ significantly between the high-dose and placebo group in men. Treatment did not significantly affect the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or apoproteins A-I, A-II, or B. Chenodeoxycholic acid therapy produces an increase in total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol but does not alter high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. PMID- 6800871 TI - Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker's) diverticulum: a reappraisal. AB - Manometric evaluation of pharyngeal contraction and upper esophageal sphincter relaxation was performed in a group of patients with Zenker's diverticulum using a specially designed low compliance manometric recording system. The results were compared with those in normal controls. In all cases, the upper esophageal sphincter showed complete relaxation during swallowing and no incoordination between pharyngeal contraction and upper esophageal sphincter relaxation could be demonstrated compared to time intervals found in the control group. Resting upper esophageal sphincter pressures were significantly lower in diverticulum patients than in controls. It is concluded that symptomatic patients with Zenker's diverticulum have normal pharyngeal-upper esophageal sphincter coordination, exhibit complete upper esophageal sphincter relaxation on swallowing, and have low resting upper esophageal sphincter pressures. These results seriously question the previous concept of abnormalities of pharyngeal-upper esophageal sphincter coordination in patients with Zenker's diverticulum. PMID- 6800870 TI - A cancer-associated mucin alteration in benign colonic polyps. PMID- 6800872 TI - Intranuclear particles in the hepatocytes of patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and acute intermittent porphyria. PMID- 6800873 TI - Hepatic alterations during total parenteral nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a possible consequence of lithocholate toxicity. AB - In order to understand the mechanism of hepatic abnormalities appearing during total parenteral nutrition, biliary bile acid composition and liver function tests were examined serially in 15 patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition for inflammatory bowel disease. In all 12 patients who underwent duodenal intubation before initiation of total parenteral nutrition, lithocholic acid accounted for less than 1% of total biliary bile acids. After 11-22 days of total parenteral nutrition, lithocholic acid accounted for 7%-15% of biliary bile acids in 5 patients and less than 1% of biliary bile acids in 10 patients. In the 5 patients with elevated levels of biliary lithocholic acid, serum alkaline phosphatase and aminotransferase activities rose progressively at serial determinations, the increase being significant after 2 wk of total parenteral nutrition. These results suggest that lithocholic acid may be involved in the hepatic lesions observed in patients undergoing total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6800875 TI - A new syndrome of symptomatic cutaneous mastocytoma producing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. AB - An 8-mo-old male child presented with generalized flushing and apnea which followed irritation of a 1.5 x 0.5 cm cutaneous mastocytoma on the left upper arm. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn before and after manipulation of the tumor, immediately after excision, and again 30 days later. The plasma vasoactive intestinal polypeptide level before excision was high (345 pg/ml) and was accompanied by low acid secretion (15.4 mEq/L) and hypergastrinemia (209 pg/ml), all of which returned to normal after excision of the tumor (50 pg/ml, 35.7 mEq/L, and 131 pg/ml, respectively). Serum histamine levels were undetectable. Histology of the tumor showed only mast cells and no enterochromaffin tissue. The immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content of the tumor was 28 ng/g wet wt and the extracted vasoactive intestinal polypeptide was immunologically indistinguishable from natural porcine vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The child has remained asymptomatic postoperatively. We conclude that the symptoms associated with this mastocytoma may have been produced by oversecretion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and not histamine. PMID- 6800874 TI - Pathophysiologic and ultrastructural basis for intestinal symptoms in Fabry's disease. AB - Fabry's disease is a rare, sex-linked disorder of glycolipid metabolism. We describe a patient with watery diarrhea, early satiety, and asymptomatic cholelithiasis. The jejunal aspirate demonstrated bacterial overgrowth; sigmoidoscopy showed rectal angiokeratoma corpora diffusum. The gastric emptying rate measured with 99mTc-sulfur colloid was markedly prolonged and the fasting gastrin was elevated at 276 pg/ml. The (14C)glycocholate breath test demonstrated a markedly elevated peak at 4 h, associated with an increased fecal bile acid loss of 0.82 g/day. Oral cholecystogram showed a solitary radiolucent stone in a functioning gallbladder. The bile acid pool size and lithogenic index were normal. Light microscopy of small bowel and rectal biopsy specimens revealed normal surface epithelium, but enlarged and vacuolated ganglion cells in Meissner's plexus. Electron microscopy showed laminated and amorphous osmiophilic deposits within ganglion cells of the submucosal plexus, within smooth muscle cells of the muscularis mucosae, and within endothelial cells lining arterioles, venules, and capillaries, but not in autonomic nerve fibers or enterocytes. The diarrhea and early satiety responded promptly to metoclopramide and to tetracycline. The early satiety was likely on the basis of delayed gastric emptying due to deposition of sphingolipid within ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system; the diarrhea was likely on the basis of intestinal stasis with bacterial overgrowth and bile salt wastage. PMID- 6800876 TI - In vitro study of frog (Rana ridibunda Pallas) neurointermediate lobe secretion by use of a simplified perifusion system. I. Effect of TRH analogs upon alpha-MSH release. PMID- 6800877 TI - Lac4 is the structural gene for beta-galactosidase in Kluyveromyces lactis. AB - Using genetic and biochemical techniques, we have determined that beta galactosidase in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis is coded by the LAC4 locus. The following data support this conclusion: (1) mutations in this locus result in levels of beta-galactosidase activity 100-fold lower than levels in uninduced wild type and all other lac- mutants; (2) three of five lac4 mutations are suppressible by an unlinked suppressor whose phenotype suggests that it codes for a nonsense suppressor tRNA; (3) a Lac+ revertant, bearing lac4--14 and this unlinked suppressor, has subnormal levels of beta-galactosidase activity, and the Km for hydrolysis of o-nitrophenyl-beta, D-galactoside and the thermal stability of the enzyme are altered; (4) the level of beta-galactosidase activity per cell is directly proportional to the number of copies of LAC4; (5) analysis of cell free extracts of strains bearing mutations in LAC4 by two-dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis shows that strains bearing lac4--23 and lac4--30 contain an inactive beta-galactosidase whose subunit co-electrophoreses with the wild-type subunit, while no subunit or fragment of the subunit is observable in lac4--8, lac14--14 or lac4--29 mutants; (6) of all lac4 mutants, only those bearing lac4- 23 or lac4--30 contain a protein that cross-reacts with anti beta-galactosidase antibody, a finding consistent with the previous result; and (7) beta galactosidase activity in several Lac+ revertants of strains carrying lac4--23 or lac4--30 has greatly decreased thermostability. PMID- 6800881 TI - [Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants, producers of lysine on an ethanol medium]. AB - Using the sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC) depending on different carbons, the regulatory resistant mutants producing lysine were isolated. By the further selection of the mutant resistant to monoiodine acetate (MIA) (an inhibitor of the alcohol dehydrogenase) the production of lysine was increased. The mutants resistant to AEC and MIC excreting 0.7 g/l of lysine when grown on the medium with ethanol were prepared. PMID- 6800879 TI - Post-translation modification of xanthine dehydrogenase in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Second chromosomes of D. melanogaster were isolated from a single natural population, and 40 were analyzed by gel-sieving electrophoresis for the presence of polymorphic loci on chromosome 2 that act to modify xanthine dehydrogenase and/or aldehyde oxidase, whose structural genes map to chromosome 3. Clear evidence of polymorphism for one or more xanthine dehydrogenase modifier loci was obtained. PMID- 6800882 TI - [Bacillus subtilis mutants resistant to roseoflavin]. AB - Bacillus subtilis mutants resistant to 100 mkg/ml of roseoflavin/8-dimethylamino (nor) riboflavin/have been shown to excrete 0.5 to 20 mkg/ml riboflavin and small amounts of FMN and FAD into the culture medium. The rosR mutations are localized in the operator region of riboflavin operon. The combination of rosR and ribC mutations (the latter being mutation in the regulator gene) leads to hyperproduction of riboflavin. PMID- 6800880 TI - [Influence of selection on the sensitivity of laboratory mice to the cytogenetic effect oof thioTEPA]. AB - The influence of selection and inbreeding on the sensitivity of laboratory mice to cytogenetic effect of thioTEPA was studied. Selection was started among genetically heterogenous "synthetic" population. The sensitivity of mice was estimated by the frequency of bone marrow cells with chromosome damages in males 24 hours after the treatment with 5 mg/kg of thioTEPA dose intraperitoneally. As a result, genetic determination of sensitivity to the mutagen was demonstrated and the TPS strain was developed which was 3 to 4 times more sensitive than "normal" standard strains. PMID- 6800878 TI - Genetic characterization of the region between 86F1,2 and 87B15 on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The region between 86F1,2 and 87B15 on chromosome 3 of Drosophila melanogaster, which contains about 27 polytene chromosome bands including the 87A7 heat-shock locus, has been screened for EMS-induced visible and lethal mutations. We have recovered 268 lethal mutations that fall into 25 complementation groups. Cytogenetic localization of the complementation groups by deficiency mapping is consistent with the notion that each band encodes a single genetic function. We have also screened for mutations at the 87A7 heat shock locus, using a chromosome that has only one copy of the gene encoding the 70,000 dalton heat-shock protein (hsp70). No lethal or visible mutations at 87A7 were identified from 10,719 mutagenized chromosomes, and no female-sterile mutations at 87A7 were recovered from the 1,520 chromosomes whose progeny were tested for female fertility. We found no evidence that a functional hsp70 gene is required for development under laboratory conditions. PMID- 6800883 TI - Galactosyltransferase activities on mouse sperm bearing multiple tlethal and tviable haplotypes of the T/t-complex. PMID- 6800884 TI - Chromosomal locations of catA, pobA, dcu and chu genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6800886 TI - The recovery and preliminary examination of a temperature sensitive suppressor of the cryptocephal mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6800885 TI - Further observations on intragenic recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6800887 TI - Heteroduplex analysis of tRNAVal3b genes from the 90BC and 84D sites of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two recombinant DNA plasmids coding for Drosophila tRNAVal3b hybridize to two different loci on the drosophila genome. Plasmid pDt41R hydridizines at the 90BC site, and pDt78R hybridizes at the 84D site. Heteroduplexes of the two plasmids were examined by electron microscopy. The study shows that the Drosophila segments have significant homology only over the length of the tRNAVal3b genes. PMID- 6800889 TI - Nutrition of children with cancer. PMID- 6800888 TI - Cardiac effects of antidepressants. AB - Cardiac effects of tricyclics and tetracyclics, while common, are most frequently benign and well-tolerated. For older patients with underlying disease, however, closer clinical monitoring is needed. The most common effect of MAOIs in healthy adults taking normal dosages is orthostatic hypotension. The most serious reaction to MAOIs is hypertensive crisis, which may be fatal. PMID- 6800890 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the air in living quarters]. PMID- 6800891 TI - [Effect of delivery time on the indicators of acid-base equilibrium of fetal blood after cesarean section]. PMID- 6800892 TI - [Use of the preparation Lactovaginal in the treatment of inflammatory conditions of the vagina and vulva]. PMID- 6800893 TI - FQC combination chemotherapy for primary malignant ovarian tumor. PMID- 6800895 TI - Castleman's lymphoadenopathy: twenty years of observation. I. General considerations. Monoadenopathic variety. PMID- 6800894 TI - Multiple myeloma and related conditions: an immunoperoxidase study of paraffin embedded bone marrow biopsies. PMID- 6800896 TI - Castleman's lymphoadenopathy: twenty years of observation. II. Generalized form. PMID- 6800898 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and therapy of Diamond-Blackfan anemia]. PMID- 6800897 TI - On the causes of hypogammaglobulinaemia in B-CLL. PMID- 6800899 TI - Morphological abnormalities of the red cells during hemolytic episode in a patient with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. PMID- 6800900 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in normal and leukemic myeloid differentiation. PMID- 6800901 TI - [Respiratory function tests in adolescents with beta-thalassemia major (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800902 TI - Myeloblastic metamorphosis in lymph node in a case of chronic myeloid leukemia. A clinical, morphological-ultrastructural and cytogenetic study. PMID- 6800903 TI - Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura with widespread haemorrhage and anuria. PMID- 6800904 TI - [Circulating anticoagulant against factor XII in a patient with autoimmune hemolitic anemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6800905 TI - The effect of dexamethasone on formation of intra and extracellular fibronectin matrix by human endothelial cells in culture. PMID- 6800907 TI - Total and cell wall phosphorus content in Bacillus megaterium in phosphate limited media. AB - A comparative study of the amount of total and cell wall phosphorus in Bacillus megaterium ATCC 33085, grown in media with or without phosphate limitation was carried out. The phosphorus levels were investigated during six successive subcultures. A progressive decrease in total phosphorus was found in cells cultivated in a phosphate-limited medium. A decline in the cell wall phosphorus level was observed starting only from the third subculture in phosphate-limited medium, and no phosphorus was detected in the walls of cells in the fifth subculture. PMID- 6800908 TI - Effect of temperature and pH on absorption of carbon dioxide by a free level of mixed solutions of some buffers. AB - The rate of absorption of carbon dioxide by solutions of NaHCO3, KH2PO4, hydrogencarbonate, phosphate and borate buffers at 20, 30 and 40 degrees C was determined manometrically. The absorption rate increases for all buffers tested with increasing pH. The CO2 absorption rate by KH2PO4 and by the phosphate buffer at low pH is lower than that of water. For other buffers tested it is equal to or higher than that of water, especially at higher temperatures. PMID- 6800906 TI - Possible role of birds and ticks in the dissemination of Bhanja virus. AB - Several wild birds (4 Fringilla coelebs, 1 Coccothraustes coccothraustes and 2 Erithacus rubecula) were inoculated subcutaneously with Bhanja virus (BHAV). No clinical symptoms of infection were observed in any of the birds; a low viremia was demonstrated only in C. coccothraustes (2 and 4 days p.i.), seroconversion in all birds. BHAV was not isolated from organs 32 days p.i. Consequently, the tested birds do not seem to serve as "amplifying hosts" of BHAV. The paper includes a survey of geographic distribution of Bhanja virus and a list of its vectors. A hypothesis on the indirect dissemination of BHAV by birds by means of infected ticks is discussed. According to this hypothesis the European birds could be divided into 3 categories: 1. birds of the Palaearctic-African migration system in which African vectors of BHAV were detected and which could introduce into southern parts of the Palaearctic Region infected ticks from tropical savannahs of Africa (i.e., the biome of main BHAV distribution), 2. migratory birds, hosts of BHAV vectors occurring in southern Europe, which could transfer viruliferous ticks from South to Central Europe, 3. sedentary or migratory birds of steppe or forest--steppe biotopes, hosts of BHAV vectors, which could increase the virus circulation in natural foci either by dispersion of infected ticks to short distances or by a support of their life cycles. PMID- 6800909 TI - Effects of antianginal drugs on platelet aggregation of rabbits. PMID- 6800910 TI - Comparison of diurnal serum insulin levels during short term treatments with sulfonylurea and with insulin in non-insulin dependent diabetes. AB - Nine non-insulin dependent type diabetic patients were hospitalized and place on the standard diabetic diet throughout this study period. (25 cal/kg ideal weight/day). After three days of diet therapy alone, 5 mg of glibenclamide was given orally for three days, followed by an interval of four days without medication. 16 units of lente insulin was then administered subcutaneously for three days. The diurnal levels of plasma glucose (PG) and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were determined on the third day of each treatment, and the integrated areas below the curves of the diurnal profile of PG and IRI were compared. The mean fasting PG level before treatment was 200 +/- 21 mg% (mean +/- SE). The initial PG area during diet therapy alone, (4,245 +/- 669 mg . h/dl) decreased significantly to similar levels both by glibenclamide (3, 317 +/- 384 mg . h/dl, P less than 0.05) and by lente insulin (3,177 +/- 552 mg . h/dl, P less than 0.01). The IRI area increased from 187 +/- 24 micromicron . h/ml during diet therapy alone to 296 +/- 65 micromicron . h/ml by glibenclamide (P less than 0.01), and to 267 +/- 43 micromicron . h/ml by lente insulin (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between glibenclamide and lente insulin treatments either in PG area or IRI area. These finding suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide treatment in the short term is mainly, if not entirely, due to augmented endogenous insulin secretion. PMID- 6800911 TI - Biological and immunological potencies of lutropin (LH) in human serum: comparative studies using different standard preparations. AB - The mouse leydig cell in vitro-bioassay for LH, first reported by van Damme, Robertson and Diczfalusy (1974) was modified and applied to female and male serum. Non-parallelism of dose-response curves between serial dilutions of individual male as well as female sera and LH standards was caused by damage to incubated interstitial cells in the presence of human serum. The extent of cell damage- paralleled by an inhibition of testosterone production - was a characteristic of individual human sera rather than a general protein effect. This inhibition could be completely avoided by mild heating of the serum for 15 min at 50 degree C prior to the assay. Using this pretreatment, reliable LH values were obtained for normal males, cycling females and postmenopausal women. Biological LH measurements were compared with RIA-LH potencies. The following LH value were obtained by both methods (mean +/- sd) in terms of mlU 2nd IRP HMG/ml serum: males (n = 35), BIO: 23.3 +/- 9.0, IMMUNO: 11.0 +/- 4.3; cycling females (n = 30), BIO: 30.9 +/- 14.6, IMMUNO: 17.4 +/- 5.9; postmenopausal women (n = 12), BIO: 324 +/- 138, IMMUNO: 117 +/- 43. It could be shown that the use of different reference preparations caused great differences in the ratios of biological to immunological potencies e.g. for male serum 0.9, female serum 0.7 5.6 and postmenopausal female serum 1.1 - 8.8. Irrespective of the standard used, significant differences between the B:l ratios of male, female and postmenopausal female sera were found. PMID- 6800913 TI - Researchers begin linking cost with performance to test new drugs' value. PMID- 6800912 TI - Administering lithium carbonate and haloperidol. PMID- 6800914 TI - Review of medical technology policies shows need, opportunities for changes. PMID- 6800915 TI - Study of hospice care shows need for more cost-effective services. PMID- 6800916 TI - Study describes state's long-term care as a 'bureaucratic nightmare'. PMID- 6800917 TI - Patient classification system improves staffing procedures. PMID- 6800918 TI - Thyroid function and disease in the elderly. PMID- 6800920 TI - Patients who do not follow our advice. PMID- 6800919 TI - Baron von Pirquet: the aristocrat who discovered and defined allergy. PMID- 6800923 TI - Persistent hematoma after mouth trauma. PMID- 6800922 TI - Blood lactate as an oxygen monitor. PMID- 6800921 TI - Pulmonary infiltrates and eosinophilia in a patient with long-standing asthma. PMID- 6800924 TI - Aspiration pneumonia after brain surgery. PMID- 6800926 TI - The urchins of summer. PMID- 6800925 TI - The senescence of the immune system. PMID- 6800927 TI - Alternative antibiotics for the penicillin-sensitive patient. PMID- 6800928 TI - Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis. AB - Non-A, non-B hepatitis is a newly recognized disease entity. Although initially described as a transfusion related viral infection, the disease can occur in sporadic, endemic, and epidemic settings. There are no confirmed, reproducible serologic tests for associated antigens or antibodies, but electron microscopy has revealed virus-like particles of different sizes. Nonspecific laboratory tests of hepatic dysfunction, especially alanine aminotransferase, are currently utilized to diagnose non-A, non-B hepatitis in patients and may be used to implicate blood donor carriers of this virus. The existence of an infectious non A, non-B hepatitis agent and proof of a chronic carrier state in humans have been documented by transmission studies in chimpanzees. Cross challenge studies in chimpanzees, as well as some epidemiologic data, suggest that more than one agent causes non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6800929 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Hurler's syndrome--biochemical studies on the affected fetus. AB - A prenatal diagnosis of Hurler's syndrome was made in a pregnancy at risk in a family with two affected children. The fetus was diagnosed as having Hurler's syndrome on the basis of a deficiency of alpha-L-iduronidase in the cultured amniotic cells. The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) content in the supernatant of the amniotic fluid was increased about 1.5 fold compared with that in the control, and increases of heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate were observed on electrophoresis. The diagnosis could be confirmed by the deficiencies of alpha-L iduronidase in the liver and brain from the affected fetus. GAG content in the liver from the affected fetus was increased approximately 10 fold as compared with that in the control fetal liver, and most of the GAG were degraded. The GAG content was observed to be increased two fold in the brain, and dermatan sulfate, which was not detected in normal fetal brain, was identified. beta-Galactosidase activities in the affected liver and brain were decreased to 30-50% of the control, and an altered hexosaminidase A was also observed in the liver. PMID- 6800932 TI - A novel method for recognition of organic molecules on biomembranes: fluorescence studies on strychnine. PMID- 6800933 TI - Studies on trypsin inhibitors of Streptomyces griseus Cal. PMID- 6800931 TI - Functional state of the cardiovascular system, ventilation, and gas exchange during standard physical work in different age periods. PMID- 6800934 TI - Gene(s) at I-A subregion controls the autoimmune response to thyroglobulin in mice. AB - Immunization of mice with thyroglobulin emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant produces autoimmune thyroiditis, characterized by antibodies to thyroglobulin and infiltration of the thyroid with mononuclear cells. Some strains of mice are low and others are high responders to thyroglobulin. The immune response as reflected especially in the magnitude of the thyroid infiltration, is controlled by gene(s) within the H-2 locus. Previous attempts to map the Ir gene(s) for thyroglobulin (Ir-Tg) showed that it could be assigned to either the K or I-A subregion of H-2. An H-2 recombinant strain of mice, B10.MBR (H-2bq1), in which the H-2K is derived from the H-2b haplotype and which carries the I-Ak allele(s), was immunized with thyroglobulin. B10.MBR mice were high responders to thyroglobulin in contrast to C57BL/6 mice, which have both the H-2K and I-A from the H-2b haplotype and were low responders. This suggests that Ir-Tg, which controls the severity of autoimmune thyroiditis, maps within the I-A subregion, similar to gene(s) controlling the susceptibility to experimental myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6800930 TI - Meiotic arrest at first spermatocyte level: a new inherited infertility disorder. AB - Three 46,XY phenotypically male, azoospermic brothers out of thirteen sibs from a consanguineous marriage were studied and found to have a unique pattern of testicular histology with arrest of spermatogenesis at the pachytene stage of primary spermatocytes. Endocrinological evaluation showed elevated plasma luteinizing(LH) and normal to elevated follicle-stimulating (FSH) hormones, positive gonadotropin pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, depletion of LH and FSH levels by exogenous testosterone (T) administration, normal levels of T and dihydrotestosterone hormones, and elevation of T after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin hormone. Electrophoretic assay of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes did not reveal band C4 in semen or testicular tissue. These traits seem to constitute a hitherto undescribed form of infertility in which spermatogenesis arrest at the first spermatocyte level is the main feature. The parental consanguinity suggests autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6800938 TI - Genetic control of the antibody response to poly(L Tyr, L Glu)-poly(DL Ala)- poly(L Lys) in mice: analysis of (low responder x low responder)F1 hybrids. AB - The antibody response to the synthetic polypeptide poly (L Tyr, L Glu)-poly (DL Ala)--poly (L Lys) designated (T,G)-A--L, was investigated in inbred, congenic, F1 and F2 hybrid strains of mice. The antibody response was analysed at both low (10 microgram) and high (50 microgram) immunizing doses of (T,G)-A--L. Antibodies were measured using both a modified Farr assay and a plate binding assay. At low immunizing doses it was found that all of the congenic and non-congenic (low responder x low responder) F1 hybrids were low responders. However, the quantitative antibody response of one non-congenic (low responder x low responder) F2 hybrid segregated in a 1:1 ratio of high responders to low responders, suggesting some form of complementation of (T,G)-A--L Ir genes. At high immunizing doses it was found that congenic and non-congenic (low responder x low responder) F1 hybrids were all high responders, indicating a complementation of Ir genes to (T,G)-A--L. This complementation was confirmed using two different routes of immunization, namely footpad and intraperitoneal. Furthermore the quantitative antibody responses of (low responder x low responder) F2 hybrids segregate in a 1:1 ratio of high responders to low responders. The class of antibodies produced to (T,G)-A--L in (low responder x low responder) F1 hybrids was determined by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and found to be predominantly IgG, with lesser amounts of IgM. PMID- 6800939 TI - Direct ADCC lysis of O,Rh-positive (R1R2) erythrocytes by lymphocytes of individuals sensitized against antigen D. AB - Non-T-cells from individuals sensitized against antigen D were found to lyze O,Rh positive erythrocytes. The lytic effect was abolished by incubation of the effector cells at 37 degrees C for 30 min, and was reconstituted by addition of anti-D antibodies. These results suggested that sensitized donors have lymphocytes armed with specific antibodies in vivo. PMID- 6800936 TI - Binding of fibronectin to Clq; inhibition of binding by aggregated IgG. AB - Fibronectin was shown to bind to C1q using alkaline phosphatase conjugated fibronectin and C1q coated polystyrene tubes. The binding of the alkaline phosphatase conjugated fibronectin to C1q was dose dependent and inhibited by fibronectin and by the sulfated polymers heparin and chondroitin sulfate. The fibronectin interaction was inhibited only slightly by gelatin indicating that the fibronectin-gelatin interaction was different from that with C1q. Heat aggregated IgG blocked the binding of fibronectin to C1q and fibronectin inhibited the binding of aggregated IgG to C1q. These results suggest that fibronectin may be a factor affecting the determination of immune complexes in serum specimens by C1q binding assays. PMID- 6800942 TI - Melanogenesis as affected by drug & hormones. PMID- 6800935 TI - A functional relationship between delayed hypersensitivity and antibacterial immunity. AB - The injection of living Listeria Monocytogenes into the site of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the footpads of mice resulted in inactivation of the organism. No such inactivation occurred when L. monocytogenes was injected into normal footpads. A correlation was observed between the magnitude of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction and the level of antibacterial resistance expressed within the delayed hypersensitivity site. PMID- 6800940 TI - Light-chain profiles in sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - Sera from 2 subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) patients were absorbed with a concentrated preparation of measles virus. Measles-specific IgG was eluted from the precipitates containing measles antigen-antibody complex. These IgGs, when subjected to immunofixation after isoelectric focusing showed a number of oligoclonal bands with one type of light-(L) chain. In urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the reduced and alkylated measles-specific IgG showed 1-3 homogeneous L-chain bands, whereas IgG isolated from unabsorbed sera and IgG isolated from supernatants of SSPE sera after absorption with measles virus showed a diffuse L-chain band. It can be concluded that in SSPE, measles virus is responsible for the synthesis of L-chain with restricted heterogeneity. PMID- 6800941 TI - Reversed immunofixation agar gel electrophoresis. AB - A method has been elaborated for investigation of biological fluids on the basis of the theory of the immunofixation electrophoresis. In spite of the usual methods of the immunofixation electrophoresis it is the antibody which moves by the electrophoresis and not the antigen. The antibody stains are fixed with cellulose acetate strip soaked with a suitably diluted antigen solution after electrophoresis. This method uses only a small quantity of the immune serum. PMID- 6800937 TI - Effect of macrophages on the go-gl and gl-S transition of thymocytes. AB - Thymocytes freed of adherent cells and stimulated by mitogens yield only a poor proliferative response ([3H]-thymidine uptake). However, the activation process assessed fluorocytometrically (RNA-synthesis) is not reduced to the same extent. Addition of adherent cells caused full restoration of both activation and proliferation, whereas 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) restores activation completely, but proliferation only partially. Cell viability is not influenced by the absence or presence of adherent cells or of 2-ME during the first 24 hr of incubation, which is the time period used to assess cell activation. Macrophages on the other hand, can be replaced completely by the addition of 2-ME and Interleukin (IL-1), or IL-2 containing supernatants. The addition of these substances even appears to be superior, suggesting that macrophages can as well suppress as enhance the thymocyte response to mitogens. The results presented further support the current concept of the multifunctional role of macrophages: depending on the selected mitogen, it appears that only the IL-1 production is an absolute, but indirect requirement for mitogen-stimulated thymocytes, in order to proceed through the cell cycle. PMID- 6800943 TI - Genetic analysis of immune suppression. I. Gene complementation is required for suppression of antigen-specific proliferative responses by T-cell derived factors. AB - We have analyzed the genetic control of susceptibility to suppression by 1-J+ , suppressor-T-cell derived factors (TsF) specific for the synthetic polymer L glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT). GT-TsF activity was measured as specific inhibition of proliferative responses to GT developed in cultures of lymph-node T cells from mice primed with GT complexed to methylated bovine serum albumin (GT MBSA). These experiments demonstrated that there is no MHC-encoded genetic restriction between donors and recipients of GT-TsF in suppression of proliferative responses. We have also confirmed the observations that mice of the H-2b, H-2d, and H-2k haplotypes can produce GT-TsF, whereas H-2a mice do not, and that H-2a, H-2d, and H-2k mice are sensitive to GT-TsF from all producer strains, whereas H-2b mice are not sensitive to GT-TsF from any strain. Analysis of the effect of GT-TsF on responses by mice bearing recombinant haplotypes suggests that at least two genes are required for susceptibility to GT-TsF and that these genes show coupled complementation. PMID- 6800944 TI - Genetic control of cross-reactive cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to a BALB/c tumor. AB - Using a segregation analysis we have determined that the cross-reactive response to the DBA/2 tumor P815 by CTL from BALB/c mice immunized with a BALB/c plasmacytoma (MOPC-167) is controlled by a single gene. The gene responsible is closely linked to the dilute coat color locus on chromosome 9. In contrast, the cross-reactive response to the DBA/2 tumor L5178Y by DBA/2 anti-MOPC-167 CTL appears to be controlled by two or more genes. PMID- 6800946 TI - Igh-4D, a new allotype at the mouse IgG1 heavy chain locus. PMID- 6800945 TI - Selection of H-2 molecules for the context of antigen recognition by T lymphocytes. PMID- 6800947 TI - I-region genetic restrictions imposed upon the recognition of KLH by murine T cell clones. AB - Data presented in this paper show that the recognition of keyhole limpet hemocyanin by murine T-cell clones is restricted by products of the I region. These data have been obtained by genetic mapping studies as well as by the use of monoclonal Ia-specific antibodies which inhibit the ability of antigen-presenting cells to effectively present antigen to such T- cell clones. Use of heterozygous antigen-presenting cells derived from crosses between B6.C-H-2bm12 and B10.A(4R) mice have allowed us to show that both trans-complementing I-A products are used for restriction of recognition of KLH. These data were confirmed using monoclonal Ia antibodies to inhibition recognition of KLH by the same T -cell clones. Thus, we have shown that there exist hybrid molecules formed by free combinatorial association of products encoded within the I-A subregion which restrict the recognition of soluble antigen. Additionally, we have shown that the molecule formed by complementation between the alpha chain encoded within the I-E region and a beta chain encoded within the A region (Ae) can fuction effectively in presenting KLH to certain murine T -cell clones. These results support the hypothesis that the recognition of individual antigenic epitopes within large multideterminant antigens is under the control of Ir genes. PMID- 6800949 TI - Localization of brucella antigens that elicit a humoral immune response in Brucella abortus-infected cells. AB - Localization of brucella antigens, to which brucella-infected cattle make antibodies, and the surface characteristics of Brucella abortus smooth strain 19 and rough strain 45/20 were studied by the use of monospecific antisera in absorption tests, electron microscopy, and electrophoretic mobility of organisms in microelectrophoresis. Antigenic determinants of electrophoretically defined antigen A5 were present on the surface of B. abortus rough strain 45/20 organisms, and protein moieties were most probably exposed on the surface of this strain in contrast with smooth strain 19 organisms. Several antigens distinct from the smooth lipopolysaccharide complex, to which brucella-infected cattle make antibodies, were not detected on the surface of smooth organisms. Agglutinating antibodies present in anti-B. abortus strain 19 serum did not bind to all areas on the surface of the smooth cells, suggesting the presence of different antigenic moieties on their surface. It is also postulated that the surface of B. abortus rough strain 45/20 displays receptors able to strongly bind immunoglobulin molecules, as well as other serum components. PMID- 6800948 TI - Control of HLA-DR antigen gene expression at the pretranslational level: comparison of an HLA-DR-positive B lymphoblastoid cell line and its HLA-DR negative variant. AB - An HLA-DR-positive human B lymphoblastoid cell line, T5-1, and its HLA-DR negative variant, 6.1.6, were studied to elucidate mechanisms resulting in the nonexpression of HLA-DR genes in 6.1.6. The cell lines were labeled with 35S methionine in vivo, their proteins immunoprecipitated with a monoclonal HLA-DR specific antibody, and their two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns compared. The T5-1 map showed DR-antigen heavy and light chains, while the 6.1.6 map showed neither chain. When the cells were labeled in the presence of tunicamycin, the two-dimensional map of T5-1 showed nonglycosylated heavy and light chains of DR antigen while that of 6.1.6 did not. RNA was extracted from T5 1 and 6.1.6 cells and translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the immunoprecipitated proteins from T5-1 revealed spots which were identified as HLA-DR light chain and I invariant on the basis of their precipitation by monoclonal and specific allo- and heteroantibodies, and their molecular weight and pI values. These spots were absent in the 6.1.6 maps, indicating that 6.1.6 has no detectable translatable messenger RNA for HLA-DR light chains. The addition of dog pancreas microsomes to the T5-1 cell-free translation mixture resulted in an increase in the molecular weight of the precursor HLA-DR proteins consistent with glycosylation. Together with earlier cell fusion studies showing that DR structural genes were intact in 6.1.6, these data suggested that the lesion in 6.1.6 is an alteration in a regulatory element required for transcription of DR genes or mRNA processing. PMID- 6800952 TI - Studies of phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The chromogenic substrate p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine was used to measure phospholipase C (heat-labile hemolysin) production by clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Analysis of strains from various types of infection showed that phospholipase C production by urinary tract isolates was significantly greater than that by lung, blood, or other isolates (e.g., wounds, etc.). The above method was also found to be effective for the isolation of several classes of phospholipase C mutants. PMID- 6800950 TI - Microscopic characterization of ocular damage produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa toxin A. AB - The ocular damage in young adult mice produced by purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A was microscopically characterized at 1 and 5 h and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after toxin A challenge, using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Similarly to previously described infection with viable organisms, toxin A killed both epithelial and endothelial cells and induced stromal cell swelling within 5 to 24 h after application onto the nonpenetrating wounded corneal surface. Other toxin-induced damage similar to the damage produced by infection with the viable bacteria was production of electron dense particles within the corneal stroma, dispersal of undamaged collagen fibrils, and apparent loss of stromal proteoglycan ground substance. Toxin A damage differed from infection with the viable bacteria in essentially two ways. First, more purulent exudate and more polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte (PMN) infiltration of the corneal stroma were produced by infection with the viable organisms than by the toxin. Additionally, PMN did not appear within the toxin-treated corneas until 3 days after treatment, whereas in corneas infected with the viable organisms, PMN were numerous by 18 h. Secondly, toxin A produced cataract of the ocular lens, whereas infection with the viable organisms did not. PMID- 6800953 TI - Cell walls, peptidoglycans, and teichoic acids of gram-positive bacteria as polyclonal inducers and immunomodulators of proliferative and lymphokine responses of human B and T lymphocytes. AB - In this study, the mitogenic and immunomodulating effects of bacterial cell wall preparations were investigated. Cell walls, peptidoglycans, and teichoic acids from Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 activated both human T cells (supplemented with 10% monocytes) and B cells to proliferative and to produce leukocyte migration inhibitory factor. Similar results were obtained with adult and umbilical cord blood cells, suggesting that these bacterial preparations acted as mitogens. Cell walls and peptidoglycans had a modulating effect on purified protein derivative-induced and protein A-induced proliferation. In the presence of suboptimal concentrations of these stimulants, bacterial components enhanced the proliferative response. However, at optimal concentrations of purified protein derivative or protein A, bacterial components suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. Peptidoglycans solubilized by lysozyme activated B lymphocytes but not T cells. Solubilization had no effect on immunomodulating capacity. PMID- 6800951 TI - Host species-specific damage to oviduct mucosa by Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipopolysaccharide. AB - The selective toxicity of gonococcal lipopolysaccharide for the mucosa of human fallopian tubes, which is demonstrated in these studies, may be responsible in part for the specificity of naturally occurring gonococcal infections for humans. PMID- 6800954 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of group Y and group W135 meningococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccines in adults. AB - Serogroup Y and W135 Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharide vaccines were tested as monovalent and divalent preparations in groups of 10 adult human volunteers at a dose of 50 (monovalent) or 100 micrograms (divalent) injected subcutaneously. Reactogenicity was low for the group Y vaccine and the group Y W135 combined vaccine; 3 of 10 volunteers developed systemic reactions after group W135 vaccination. All three vaccines induced significant homologous and heterologous binding and bactericidal antibody. Except for group W135 bactericidal antibody, homologous responses exceeded heterologous responses, and divalent and monovalent vaccines induced equivalent homologous responses. Homologous bactericidal antibody responses were maintained for 4 weeks in 85% of group W135 vaccinates and in 100% of group Y vaccinates. Bactericidal antibody was induced in 11 of 11 group Y and 12 of 15 group W135 volunteers without preexisting respective bactericidal activities, regardless of which vaccine they received. For all three vaccines, antibody levels declined only slightly over 6 months. Prevaccination antibody levels positively affected postvaccination binding antibody levels, but not bactericidal levels. PMID- 6800955 TI - One-dimensional peptide mapping of the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The major outer membrane protein (MOMP), or protein 1, of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is one of the immunodominant proteins of the gonococcal cell surface. It is at least partially responsible for imparting serotyping specificity. This study attempted to compare the primary structure of MOMP molecules isolated from several gonococcal strains by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These isolated proteins were then subjected to enzymatic digestion with staphylococcal V8 protease and alpha-chymotrypsin. The generated peptides were separated by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Of the eight strains analyzed, six exhibited distinct peptide maps after either staphylococcal V8 protease or alpha-chymotrypsin digestion. These six strains have also been shown to be immunologically distinct. The data suggest that the gene pool coding for the MOMP is diverse and reflect the complexity of the evolution of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6800956 TI - Experimental Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis pyelonephritis in diabetic rats. AB - Pyelonephritis was studied after an intravenous injection of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, or enterococcus in alloxan-diabetic rats and in water diuresing or non-diuresing nondiabetic rats. The renal microbial populations of C. albicans or S. aureus were found to be greater than 10(5) colony-forming units per g for up to 42 days in diabetic rats, whereas the kidneys tended to become sterile in nondiabetic rats. No significant difference was found in the course of enterococcal pyelonephritis in diabetic versus control rats. The difference in the 50% infective dose for each microorganism between diabetic and control rats was less than or equal to log10. Neither duration of diabetes nor weight loss contributed to the greater and more sustained renal populations of C. albicans and S. aureus in diabetic rats. The inflammatory reaction in kidneys infected with S. aureus or C. albicans was greater in diabetic rats. Fungus balls associated with ureteral obstruction and gross multiple renal abscesses occurred in diabetic, but not in nondiabetic, rats infected with Candida. Growth of C. albicans and S. aureus in vitro in urine from diabetic rats was significantly greater than it was in urine from control rats. Addition of water or glucose to the urine of non-diuresing, nondiabetic rats significantly increased in vitro growth of S. aureus and C. albicans. These studies demonstrate greater severity of infection in the diabetic kidney due to S. aureus and C. albicans, which can be partially explained by decreased inhibitory activity of urine for these organisms in diabetic rats. PMID- 6800957 TI - Surface-exposed protein antigens of the gonococcal outer membrane. AB - Whole, 125I-labeled gonococci (GC) were incubated with rabbit sera against whole GC. After washing, the [125I]GC were lysed in detergent, and radioiodinated antigen-antibody complexes were immunoprecipitated by protein A-Sepharose. Several GC outer membrane proteins, including proteins I, II, and III, could be identified in immunoprecipitates obtained with these antisera. In many immunoprecipitates, a 44K protein was present. Reactivity of antisera toward protein II could be demonstrated, and some rabbit sera contained very prominent apparent antibody activity toward this protein. Proteins I and III were found in similar ratios in immunoprecipitates, suggesting that they form heteropolymers in GC outer membranes. Qualitative and quantitative difference in antibody reactivity and specificity could be demonstrated with serially obtained sera from rabbits immunized with whole GC. The use of viable or Formalin-fixed heat-killed staphylococci yielded "non-immunological" precipitation of 125I-labeled GC constituents; this occurred with staphylococci regardless of whether they contained protein A. PMID- 6800959 TI - Pulpotomies in traumatized and carious permanent teeth using a corticosteroid antibiotic preparation. PMID- 6800958 TI - Acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A, non-B in Stockholm in the 1950s and 1970s: a comparison. PMID- 6800962 TI - Effect of EDTA on the solid phase Clq immune complex assay. PMID- 6800961 TI - Detection of antibodies to streptococcal mucopeptide in patients with rheumatic disorders and normal controls. AB - Bacterial mucopeptide is an integral part of bacterial cell walls and is therefore ubiquitous in our environment. An enhanced degree of humoral immunity has ben detected not only in patients with acute rheumatic fever (ARF), with a known recent response to streptococci, but also in patients with adult and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA and JRA). Our studies confirmed this association with ARF and JRA using a precipitin system as well as a radioimmunoassay to detect IgG anti-mucopeptide antibodies. In those with adult RA, either IgM or IgA rheumatoid factors or IgM or IgA antibodies specific for mucopeptide were responsible for the increased incidence of precipitins to mucopeptide in the RA patients detected in this and other studies. No differences in the specificities of the anti-mucopeptide antibodies were noted between the various patient populations as there were no lines of partial identity or nonidentity when examined by Ouchterlony double diffusion analyses. Additionally, no differences of anti-mucopeptide antibody were observed when the sera from these same patient populations were examined employing inhibition studies utilizing N-acetylglucosamine and rhamnose. PMID- 6800960 TI - C3a-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion from human neutrophils: lack of inhibition by f met-leu-phe antagonists and inhibition by arachidonic acid antagonists. AB - C3a-induced lysosomal enzyme secretion from human peripheral neutrophils in a noncytolytic, dose-dependent (10-100 microgram/ml) process. Release of both primary and secondary granule constituents occurred when neutrophils were exposed to C3a plus cytochalasin B, however, C3 alone induced limited release of lysozyme. A competitive antagonist of the formyl-peptide receptor on neutrophils, t boc (phe-leu) 2-phe, did not block the release induced by C3a. Arachidonic acid antagonists, nordihydroguaiaretic acid and quercetin caused dose-dependent inhibition of release induced by C3a plus cytochalasin B, however, lysozyme release induced by C3a in the absence of cytochalasin B was minimally affected. Indomethacin at high concentration (greater than 10(-5) M) had similar inhibitory effects. PMID- 6800964 TI - The influence of experimental conditions on the formation of various 99mTc(Sn)EHDP complexes. PMID- 6800963 TI - Perturbed angular correlation studies of 111In-labelled platelets. AB - Indium-111, as the 8-hydroxyquinoline and acetylacetone complexes, has been used to label cellular blood components. Because of the gamma-ray cascade emitted following the decay of indium-111, perturbed angular correlation studies can be used to investigate the environment of the indium nucleus. Perturbed angular correlation studies have been carried out on the indium at various steps in the procedure used to label platelets with indium using both 8-hydroxyquinoline and acetylacetone as the ligand. Similar values of the integral correlation coefficient were obtained in both cases, suggesting identical labeling mechanisms. Following lysis of the platelets the values of (G22(infinity)) changed, suggesting that the intracellular complex is relatively weak. PMID- 6800965 TI - A universal and simple chloramine T version for hormone iodination. PMID- 6800966 TI - Incidence and type of tumors induced in C57BL bg/bg mice and +/bg littermates by oral administration of DMBA. AB - As an attempt to study the effect of the beige (bg) mutation on chemical carcinogenesis, 65 C57Bl/bg/bg mice and 83 +/bg littermate controls received DMBA in five weekly intragastric doses. The incidence of tumors of different histological types was monitored through observation periods ranging between 165 and 500 days. By 165 days after the first DMBA feeding, 18% of the +/bg and 31% of the bg/bg mice had developed tumors. The beige mice had a higher incidence of epithelial and non-epithelial tumors arising in cutaneous or subcutaneous sites than the controls. The total incidence of lymphomas was similar in the two groups. However, lymphomas appeared somewhat earlier in beige than in control mice. Altogether 33 +/bg and 27 bg/bg mice were followed for 500 days. By this time, 73% of the +/bg and 78% of the bg/bg mice had developed tumors. The beige group showed a higher incidence of non-thymic lymphomas than the controls. In contrast, the incidence of thymic lymphoma, cutaneous epithelial tumors and bile duct adenomas was similar in the two groups or higher in +/bg that in bg/bg mice. The results suggest that the bg mutation causes a certain defect in a mechanism that may prevent or delay the onset of non-thymic lymphomas and of epithelial and non-epithelial cutaneous tumors in DMBA-treated mice. The differences between the two groups were smaller than those previously reported in relation to the increased susceptibility of beige mice to certain transplanted tumors, attributed to the known defect in natural killer (NK) activity in the beige mice. The reduced differential in the DMBA system may be due to the partial reduction of NK activity, induced by the carcinogen, as reported previously (Ehrlich et al., 1980) and confirmed in the present study. PMID- 6800967 TI - Atrial fibrillation and isolated suppression of the pituitary-thyroid axis: response to specific antithyroid therapy. AB - Four patients are described with persistent atrial fibrillation associated with normal plasma total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) but an absent plasma thyrotrophin (TSH) response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Initial cardioversion failed to establish sinus rhythm in three of the four patients. Following specific antithyroid therapy to lower thyroid hormone levels sufficient to allow a normal TSH response to TRH sinus rhythm was established in all four patients, one spontaneously and three after cardioversion. Stable sinus rhythm has persisted in three patients over a 2-yr follow-up period. In the presence of atrial fibrillation, an absent plasma TSH response to TRH should be considered sufficient grounds for antithyroid therapy even if plasma total T4 and T3 are within the expected normal range. PMID- 6800968 TI - Policies toward medical technology: an international review. AB - Rapidly rising medical care costs have become an important political issue in industrialized countries during the past decade. Attempts to control the growth in expenditures have focused on the contribution of medical technology to costs. All industrialized countries have begun to experiment with the kinds of mechanisms necessary to effect changes in development, diffusion, and use of medical technologies. This paper describes government policies toward: 1) research and development, 2) evaluation, 3) safety and efficacy regulation, and 4) investment in and use of medical technologies. To clarify how these policies work in practice, policies toward CT scanners, renal dialysis, and coronary bypass surgery are examined. Rapid changes in policies and laws in different countries are attempts to find effective policy mechanisms, but also reflect the difficulties of choosing a realistic policy objective. Until recently, most countries have focused on promoting the development and adoption of new technologies, or increasing the efficiency of their production and use. A few governments have begun to question and test the benefits of medical technologies as an aid to decision making. Finally, with the growing realization that every kind of care that is beneficial cannot be provided, some countries have begun to consider limiting the diffusion of technologies to a level that strikes a balance between the benefits to be gained and the costs of achieving them. PMID- 6800969 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma in a child with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6800970 TI - Net acid excretion during first week of life. AB - Metabolic acidosis occurs frequently in newborns. Net acid excretion (NAE) in 34 preterm and 12 term infants was measured during the first week of life. Twenty preterm infants received breast milk or formula; the remaining infants received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) -- synthetic amino acids or casein hydrolysate solution. NAE for breast milk vs formula fed infants was 5.4 +/- 0.4 and 7.8 +/- 0.6 muEq/min/m2 (mean +/- SEM). The corresponding values for the two TPN solutions in preterm infants were significantly higher at 12.5 +/- 1.4 and 19.4 +/- 3.5 muEq/min/m2. Term infants produced even greater amount of net acid, 20.6 +/- 2.9 and 35 +/- 3.7 muEq/min/m2 respectively for the two TPN solutions. Milk fed infants are less prone to acidosis because of base generated from milk consumption. Due to its inherent acidogenic effect, TPN solutions induce acidosis more readily. Infants receiving TPN are therefore required to generate a higher NAE rate to maintain acid-base homeostasis compared to milk fed infants. PMID- 6800972 TI - Calculosis in paraplegia. PMID- 6800971 TI - The sensitivity of active and inactive chromatin to ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand breakage. PMID- 6800973 TI - Experimental histoplasmosis. I. Puppies exposed to a nautral reservoir of h. Capsulatum. PMID- 6800975 TI - Sleep abnormalities in four cases of dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica of Ramsay-Hunt. AB - The nocturnal sleep of four patients with dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica (DCM) of Ramsay-Hunt was recorded with a polygraph. The following features were observed: a reduction of spindles, K complexes and vertex spikes; frequent arousals; rare rapid eye movements with a modification of their morphology and pattern; change in sleep stage percentages. In addition, myoclonus and polyspike and-wave complexes appeared less frequently during sleep than during wakefulness. Three generalized convulsive and sixteen clonic seizures were recorded during stage 3/4 or on arousal. The clinical and physiopathological implications of these data are discussed. PMID- 6800974 TI - Sanfilippo A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis III A): a neurochemical study. PMID- 6800977 TI - Dialysis-related infections. PMID- 6800976 TI - Regression line analysis of neutrophil chemotaxis. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis and chemokinesis, in the micropore filter assay, have been evaluated using Regression Line Analysis. The method discriminates between migration rate and the number of migrating cells by statistical comparison of the slope of the regression line and the y-intercept, respectively. The derivation of this new method of assessment of cell migration is reported. This report also includes critical evaluation of the chemokinesis dose/response curve and the directional component of chemotaxis. The effect of inhibitors of chemotaxis were evaluated using the new method. Colchicine was found to effect the directional component of chemotaxis, as indicated by decreased rate of locomotion in chemotaxis experiments, and had no effect on random migration and chemokinesis. Cytochalasin B had a general inhibitory effect upon cell locomotion by depressing the rate of random migration and chemotaxis. 1 Tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethylketone (TPCK) had the apparent effect of uncoupling the receptor and effector mechanisms of chemotaxis or altering the binding of the chemotactic ligand, since random migration was unaffected but the rate of chemotaxis and chemokinesis were depressed. Ionophore A23187 had a generalized inhibitory effect on the cell rate under all three conditions; however, at low concentrations it induced an increase in the number of migrating cells. These studies indicate that the method of regression line analysis is effective in differentiating in vitro the mechanisms of chemotaxis inhibition. The method may be used effectively in the assessment of defective neutrophil chemotaxis in disease states and may prove a useful adjunct to the study of cell locomotory mechanisms. PMID- 6800978 TI - Mechanical ventilation: from hospital intensive care to home. PMID- 6800980 TI - HLA-and Gm-linked genes affecting the degradation rate of antigens (sheep red blood cells) endocytized by macrophages. AB - Phagocytosis and catabolism of sheep red blood cells by human peripheral blood phagocytes were studied in 100 normal caucasoid subjects (44 males and 56 females). Both phenomena are highly reproducible, and their indices seem to be biological constants. There is no correlation between these two indices and the indices do not have a correlation with ABO or Rh markers. Further, the phagocytic index has no correlation with HLA and GM markers. However, a low speed of degradation is significantly correlated (p = 0.001) with the HLA-DR3 antigen, and most of the low degraders are significantly correlated (p = 0.006) with both DR3 and Gm 3,23,11 (probably Gm homozygous). Thus the gradient of antigen degradation could be related to an interaction between MHC and Gm immunoglobulin genes, as is found in the mouse [Biozzi's high (H) and low (L) responder strains. PMID- 6800979 TI - Studies of platelets with heavy metal impregnation techniques. AB - Various methods of heavy metal impregnations were performed on human platelets. The optimal technique consisted of glutaraldehyde fixation, incubation in warm uranyl acetate at a pH of 3.5, followed by a double solution of lead and copper, and finally overnight immersion in cold osmium tetroxide. Semi-thin sections, viewed at 90 kV, revealed three types of platelets: (1) 'reticular' cells, with a prominent tubular network and very dark granules in a pale cytoplasm; (2) 'dark' cells, with an electron-dense cytoplasm; and (3) 'pale' cells, with microvesicles and non-staining granules. Pre-treatments with EGTA, aspirin and various platelet activators altered the appearances and proportions of the three cell types. A cell-partitioning two-phase polymer system showed that the sub-grouping is related to surface membrane properties, the cells retained in the top phase being exclusively type 2 'dark' cells. The changes in cell type distribution produced by activation show that metal impregnation may be a useful method for studying structure-function correlations in platelets. PMID- 6800981 TI - Fast neutron irradiation for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6800982 TI - Errors due to data reduction in single-breath method for measurement of pulmonary blood flow. AB - The validity and precision of the single-breath method for determination of pulmonary blood flow suggested by Kim et al. (J. Appl. Physiol. 21: 1338-1344, 1966) have been estimated by a number of workers with very different results. The present work is an analysis of the errors that arise solely due to the data reduction procedure used to calculate the pulmonary blood flow from the primary data. The analysis, which consists of a computer simulation of the system, shows that very considerable errors may arise from the data-reduction procedure itself and that these errors are very sensitive to small differences in the experimental design. The basic source of errors in the data-reduction procedure seems to be the use of a fitted polynomial to computer derivatives of a nonpolynomial experimental curve. Finally, the analysis suggests a design in which the errors would be quantitatively insignificant. PMID- 6800984 TI - Ventilatory effects of kainic acid injection of the ventrolateral solitary nucleus. AB - We studied in cats the long-term effects upon resting ventilation and the ventilatory responses to CO2 breathing of destruction of neuronal cell bodies within the ventrolateral nucleus of the tractus solitarius (vl-NTS) by kainic acid (KA) injection (KAI). Animals were studied in the awake state and under pentobarbital anesthesia both before and 8 wk after stereotaxic bilateral microinjection of the vl-NTS with mock cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (controls, n = 2) or with KA in mock CSF (KAI, n = 5). KA reduced the number of cell bodies within the vl-NTS by 75%. Under anesthesia minute ventilation (VI) was reduced by 49% after KAI, due primarily to a 54% reduction in breathing frequency (f). Four of five anesthetized KAI animals exhibited a significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) ventilatory sensitivity to inspired CO2 under anesthesia. In the awake state some KAI animals had significant changes (P less than 0.01) in ventilation; VI reduced (2 of 5), tidal volume reduced (1 of 5), f reduced (3 of 5), and inspiratory and expiratory times increased (2 of 5). Decreases in the awake ventilatory CO2 sensitivity were not significant within individual KAI animals but were significant (P less than 0.05) when considered as a group. Thus following 75% neuronal loss within the vl-NTS, rhythmic ventilation was sustained during both anesthesia and wakefulness, although f was reduced in the former state. The vl-NTS may function to set most but not all of the ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 during anesthesia and to a lesser extent during wakefulness. PMID- 6800983 TI - Effect of body temperature on ventilatory control in the alligator. AB - Pulmonary ventilation and arterial blood acid-base balance were measured in six unanesthetized alligators, Alligator mississipiensis, at 15, 25, and 35 degree C. The animals exhibited pronounced ventilatory responses to hypercapnia at all temperatures studied. Arterial PCO2 increased and pH decreased with increases in body temperature during both normocapnia and hypercapnia. The fractional dissociation of imidazole (alpha Pr) remained constant with changes in body temperature during normocapnia, but increased with temperature during hypercapnia. Ventilatory sensitivity, defined as delta (VE/VO2/delta (alpha Pr), was independent of body temperature. We conclude that the control of breathing in the alligator is a physiological defense of alpha Pr and that ventilatory responses occur following nontemperature-induced changes in blood acid-base balance, which tend to return alpha Pr to a normal value. PMID- 6800986 TI - Interrelationships among airway CO2, airway pressure, and breathing frequency. AB - The breathing frequency response to changes in airway CO2 of a vascularly isolated lobe of the canine lung has previously been shown to be primarily dependent on CO2-mediated changes in airway pressure. This study was carried out to determine what contribution changes in airway pressure make in the whole lung airway CO2-mediated breathing frequency response. Mongrel dogs were anesthetized and placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) was used to monitor respiratory center output and to trigger ventilation of the lungs. Isoproterenol administered to the lungs prevented hypocapnic airway constriction but only partially blocked the decrease in breathing frequency, suggesting that in the whole lung preparation, airway CO2 in part alters breathing frequency through a direct effect on pulmonary receptors. At constant positive end-expired pressures (1-6 Torr), 0% airway CO2 produced greater increases in expiratory time than 10% CO2. Thus airway CO2 can affect breathing frequency in the absence of CO2-related changes in airway pressure at pressures that would produce lung volumes similar to those observed at end expiration in the intact animal. An argument is presented that the receptors directly affected by CO2 are probably not located in the airways constricted by hypocapnia. PMID- 6800985 TI - Changes in breathing pattern mediated by intrapulmonary CO2 receptors in chickens. AB - The ventilation of unanesthetized tracheostomized chickens was measured using a whole-body plethysmograph. The inspired CO2 fraction was quickly manipulated between 0.05 and 0.0 in such a way as to limit the fresh air inspired to a fixed duration pulse preceded and followed by 5% CO2. As was previously shown with this experimental protocol [Tallman et al., Am. J. Physiol. 237 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 6): R260-R265, 1979], the duration of inspiration and expiration (TI and TE, respectively) was dependent on the timing, relative to inspiration, that the pulse of air arrived at the lung. To study the possible involvement of arterial chemoreceptors in this reflex, a method of denervating the carotid chemoreceptors in this reflex, a method of denervating the carotid bodies was developed. After denervation, the hyperpneic response to intravenous NaCN and 2-3 breaths of N2 was eliminated, indicating the complete removal of arterial chemoreflexes. When tested with the same protocol of CO2 inhalation following carotid body denervation, TI and TE were still dependent on the delay of the fresh air pulse. These experiments support the conclusion that intrapulmonary CO2 receptors (IPC) mediate the reflexes studied and provide evidence that IPC affect the phase-switching mechanisms on a breath-to-breath basis. PMID- 6800987 TI - Alveolar epithelium permeability to small solutes: developmental changes. AB - To determine whether alveolar epithelium permeability to small lipid-insoluble solutes changes during development we measured transport across the blood-gas barrier in isolated Ringer-perfused lungs from prenatal, 1-day-old, 4-wk-old, and adult rabbits. Radioactive test molecules, one of which was always sucrose, were dissolved in Ringer solution and instilled into the trachea of degassed lungs. Samples taken from recirculating perfusate were used to calculate permeability surface area (PS) products. Results were expressed as the ratio (PS)/(PS)sucrose, and as absolute permeability. Lungs from 4-wk-old rabbits were studied most thoroughly; the (PS)/(PS) sucrose ratios obtained are urea 4.0, erythritol 1.3, mannitol 0.98, L-glucose 1.4, and D-glucose 5.6. These and other data imply that the most lipid-insoluble molecules (erythritol, mannitol, L-glucose, and sucrose) are transported by a nonselective bulk process. Urea transport is primarily through lipid membranes; D-glucose seems to involve a special process. Sucrose and L-glucose permeability decreased during development, but their relative permeabilities did not change. Small lipid-insoluble solutes apparently do not cross the alveolar epithelium through small water-filled pores, and their permeability decreases as the animal matures. PMID- 6800988 TI - Regulation of PaCO2 and ventilation in humans inspiring low levels of CO2. AB - This study was designed to determine whether 1) arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) increases when inspired PCO2 (PICO2) is increased from less than 0.4 Torr (eupnea) to 7 or 14 Torr, and 2) ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 (delta VE/ delta PaCO2) is greater at low levels of PICO2 (7-21 Torr) than it is at higher levels (28-42 Torr). Human subjects were studied while seated in an environmental chamber that permitted alteration of PICO2 by changing the chamber PCO2. In study 1, arterial blood was sampled over the final 5 min of a eupneic period and again 10-15 min later when PICO2 was 7 or 14 Torr. With this protocol, PACO2 was increased above eupnea by 0.7 (P less than 0.02) and 0.9 Torr (P less than 0.01) when PICO2 was 7 and 14 Torr, respectively. In study 2, arterial blood was sampled every 5 min during two 1-h periods of eupnea that were separated by 3 h during which PICO2 was increased by 7 Torr each 0.5 h. With this protocol there was no consistent difference in PACO2 between eupneic periods and periods when PICO2 was 7-14 Torr. There was a progressively increased hypercapnia as PICO2 was increased from 7 to 42 Torr. The delta VE/ delta PaCO2 was less than half for data obtained at low relative to high PICO2. The two studies demonstrated that measurement error and physiologic variation necessitate using a "powerful" experimental design (study 1) to detect small increases in PaCO2. On the basis of these results, we have concluded that there is no apparent reason to postulate a sensory mechanism other than the carotid and intracranial chemoreceptors to account for the hyperpnea during CO2 inhalation. Specifically, isocapnic hyperpnea probably does not occur. PMID- 6800990 TI - Pulmonary carbonic anhydrase in the human, monkey, and rat. AB - The distribution of carbonic anhydrase in the human, monkey, and rat lung was studied by the histochemical method of Hansson. High activity of this enzyme was demonstrated in the endothelium of pulmonary capillaries. In the human and the monkey lung enzyme activity was exhibited in the whole circumference of the capillaries, but in the rat enzyme activity is confined to capillary segments having close contact with alveolar epithelium forming the blood-air barrier. Staining was inhibited by 10 microM acetazolamide, but was not affected by 10 microM Cl 13,850, an inactive acetazolamide analogue. The location of carbonic anhydrase in the lung supports the idea that pulmonary carbonic anhydrase promotes CO2 elimination from the blood into the alveolar space. Its possible functions may be to act upon plasma to accelerate the conversion of HCO-3 to CO2 and to facilitate CO2 transport through the lung tissue. PMID- 6800989 TI - Free and conjugated catecholamines and metabolites in cat urine after hypoxia. AB - Catecholamine and metabolite excretion was studied in the cat after 6 h of 7.5% O2 hypoxia. Norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nervous endings was strongly activated, whereas epinephrine (E) excretion was only slightly increased. A noteworthy result was the increase of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites [3-methoxytyramine (MT); 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)] in urine samples. This increased release does not seem to originate from the central nervous system, but rather from peripheral dopaminergic structures; available knowledge on peripheral DA suggests that the hypoxia-induced DA release might be partly related to chemosensory or renal function. Indeed, in addition to enhanced DA and NE excretion, we observed an increase in sodium excretion that correlated with both DA and NE. Analysis of free and conjugated urinary metabolites showed that only free NE and both free and conjugated normetanephrine were increased in urine after hypoxic stress. Among DA metabolites, conjugated DOPAC was the main DA metabolite in the basal state and after hypoxia. Both the free and the conjugated forms of DA, MT, and DOPAC were increased by hypoxia. PMID- 6800991 TI - Propranolol uptake by dog lung: effect of pulmonary artery occlusion and shock lung. AB - First-pass lung uptake of propranolol in catheterized ambulant dogs was measured by comparison the difference between the ratios of [14C]propranolol to indocyanine green (ICG) before and after a single passage through the pulmonary circulation. Uptake was 56 +/- 5, 53 +/- 8, and 61 +/- 10% (mean +/- SD) when 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 mg of propranolol were injected, respectively. There was a negative though unimportant correlation between percent uptake and cardiac output. Analysis of paired propranolol and ICG outflow curves confirmed the lack of saturation with increasing dose and suggested the involvement of simple diffusion. In four dogs uptake fell from 4.76 +/- 6.8 to 40.4 +/- 8.2% (0.05 greater than P greater than 0.025) during partial occlusion of the pulmonary circulation by a Swan-Ganz catheter balloon and rose again to 51.2 +/- 6.4% after relief of the occlusion. Propranolol uptake, measured serially in five dogs with indwelling catheters, was initially 55% but fell linearly to 30% over 2 wk (r = 0.59, P less than 0.001), and necropsy showed pathological features of shock lung. A similar study performed on three dogs within 4 days of catheterization showed no change in uptake of the drug. Propranolol uptake appears to reflect both quantitative and qualitative changes in the pulmonary endothelium. This method may therefore be valuable in studying the pulmonary endothelium in health and disease. PMID- 6800992 TI - Further studies of the effects of intravenous infusion or intramuscular injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone during childhood and adolescence. AB - To provide data on the readily releasable pools of pituitary gonadotropins and to compare routes of administration, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH, 100 micrograms) was administered to 135 endocrinologically normal children and adolescents by continuous intravenous 3-hour infusion or by acute intramuscular injection. The Gn-RH infusion resulted in a significant four- and sevenfold increase in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) values in prepubertal subjects and pubertal males, respectively. A 14-fold increment, biphasic in appearance, occurred in pubertal females. Gn-RH-induced serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increases were greater in females than in males. Following intramuscular injection of Gn-RH, a monophasic increment of serum LH and FSH occurred. LH rises were greater in pubertal than in prepubertal children and greater in females than in males. FSH increments were greater in females than in males, prepubertal being slightly greater than pubertal. Urinary gonadotropin excretion mirrored the changes in the serum samples. These results in the largest reported group of normal children generally confirm those of previous reports except for the greater Gn-RH-evoked releasable LH in pubertal females than in males. PMID- 6800993 TI - Use of a gold compound for the treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a foal. AB - A 4-month-old foal was examined because of generalized exfoliative dermatitis, with thick scales, extensive crusting, and oozing of serum. A diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus was made by histologic and immunopathologic examinations of skin biopsy specimens. The foal was treated with a gold compound, aurothioglucose (1 mg/kg once weekly for 14 weeks). For the initial 5 weeks, high-dose glucocorticoid treatments also was used. The skin disorder resolved entirely after 12 weeks of treatment. PMID- 6800994 TI - Infections with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Leptospira interrogans, serovars grippotyphosa and ballum, in a kennel of foxhounds. AB - Leptospira interrogans serovars grippotyphosa and ballum were isolated from kidney and urine of an American Foxhound pup. The pup was from a litter of 12, all of which were unthrifty. Titers for serovar grippotyphosa in pups from the litter ranged from 200 to 6,400 and 23 of 36 adult dogs in the kennel had titers to that serovar. None of the sera was tested for antibodies to serovar ballum. Leptospires were not isolated from or observed in 2 littermates and 1 penmate, but gram-positive organisms morphologically compatible with Encephalitozoon cuniculi were detected in their brains and kidneys. PMID- 6800996 TI - Trioxacarcins, novel antitumor antibiotics. II. Isolation, physico-chemical properties and mode of action. PMID- 6800995 TI - Glycosaminoglycan content and cell density of rabbit articular cartilage in experimental lipoarthrosis. AB - Glycosaminoglycan content and cell density of articular cartilage have been studied quantitatively in the adult rabbit in experimental lipoarthrosis. On the fourth day after injection of non-radioactive or tritium-labelled glyceryl trioleate into the synovial cavity of the knee joint, femoral condylar cartilage shows no change in cellularity. There is a 35% loss of chondroitin sulphate from the matrix, but little change in keratansulphate. The results are not affected by the presence or absence of radioactive isotope in the lipid: possible mechanisms accounting for glycosaminoglycan loss are discussed. PMID- 6800997 TI - Serological activity of 'bacteroides fragilis' culture supernatants. PMID- 6800999 TI - A note of the inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a modification of brilliant green agar for improved salmonella isolation. PMID- 6800998 TI - Serological activity of 'Bacteroides fragilis' endotoxins--strains isolated in Poland. PMID- 6801000 TI - The effect of pH, temperature and certain media constituents on the stability and activity of the preservative, bronopol. PMID- 6801001 TI - The effect of pH adjustment on the microbiology of chicken scald-tank water with particular reference to the death rate of salmonellas. PMID- 6801002 TI - Ceftazidime (GR 20263), a new cephalosporin derivative with excellent activity against Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6801003 TI - Trimethoprim/sulphadiazine compared with penicillin V in the treatment of streptococcal throat infections. PMID- 6801006 TI - A burned mouse model to evaluate anti-Pseudomonas activity of topical agents. PMID- 6801005 TI - Characterization of cefsulodin-resistant variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6801007 TI - Effects of antibiotics on the bactericidal activity of human serum. PMID- 6801004 TI - Minimum bactericidal concentrations in conventional and two other techniques. PMID- 6801008 TI - Antibiotics against Pseudomonas. PMID- 6801009 TI - Comparison of the in-vitro activity of Sch 29482 with thirteen other beta-lactam antibiotics against Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (including penicillinase-producing isolates). PMID- 6801010 TI - Binding of an inert, cationic osmium probe to walls of Bacillus subtilis. AB - X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and electron microscopy of unstained specimens have been used to study the binding of chloropentaammineosmium(III) chloride to isolated walls of Bacillus subtilis. Native walls bound 0.220 mumol of the osmium probe per mg (dry weight) of walls, whereas walls which were chemically treated to neutralize the available carboxylate groups of the peptidoglycan bound only 0.040 mumol. Teichoic acid-depleted walls bound 0.210 mumol. Thin sections of all wall types showed the osmium probe to be scattered throughout the wall matrix as a small staining deposit. The results support the idea that the metal ion-binding capacity of these walls is mediated by the available carboxylate groups in the wall fabric. PMID- 6801011 TI - Isolation of a stable enzyme.14CO2.Mg2+.carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate complex with ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase from Chromatium vinosum. AB - Higher plant-type ribulosebisphoshate carboxylase from Chromatium vinosum formed a stable, nonexchangeable complex with activator 14CO2 in the presence of Mg2+ and 2-carboxyarabinitol bisphosphate, an analog of the proposed transition-state intermediate. The response of the procaryotic enzyme to this analog was indistinguishable from that of the higher-plant carboxylase, which should permit comparative analysis of the activator site amino acid sequence in the two proteins. PMID- 6801012 TI - Nutrition and carbon metabolism of Methanococcus voltae. AB - Methanococcus voltae is a heterotrophic, H2-oxidizing methanogenic bacterium. In complex medium, this bacterium has a doubling time of 1.2 h at its temperature optimum of 38 degrees C. In defined medium, optimal growth is obtained with 0.75 mM isoleucine, 0.75 mM leucine, 2.5 mM acetate, 5 mM NH4Cl, 84 mM MgSO4, 0.4 M NaCl, 1 mM CaCl2, 10 microM Fe2O3, and 0.2 microM NiCl2. In addition, pantothenate, sodium selenate, and cobalt stimulate growth. Optimal growth is obtained between pH 6.0 and 7.0 with either H2 or formate as the electron donor. The volatile fatty acids 2-methylbutyrate and isovalerate can substitute for isoleucine and leucine, respectively. Cellular carbon is derived from acetate (31%), isoleucine (22%), leucine (25%), and carbon dioxide (23%). The amino acids and fatty acids are incorporated almost exclusively into protein. A comparison of the incorporation of U-14C-amino acids and 1-14C-fatty acids indicated that the fatty acids are degraded during incorporation into cell protein. The distribution of carbon from the amino acids suggests that acetyl coenzyme A is not a major intermediate in the degradation of these compounds. Thus, M. voltae may convert isoleucine and leucine to other amino acids by a unique mechanism. The lipid carbon is derived largely from acetate. Thus, the isoprenoid lipids are synthesized de novo from acetate rather than by degradation of leucine. The carbon in the nucleic acids is derived from carbon dioxide (45%), the C-1 of acetate (25%), the C-2 of acetate (22%), and isoleucine and leucine (7%). This labeling pattern is consistent with known biochemical pathways. PMID- 6801013 TI - delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase of Pseudomonas putida. AB - Pseudomonas putida metabolizes D-lysine to delta 1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and L-pipecolate. The second step of this catabolic pathway is catalyzed by delta 1 piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase. This enzyme was isolated and purified from cells grown on DL-lysine as substrate. The enzyme was very unstable, resulting in low recovery of activity and low purity after a six-step purification procedure. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.0 to 8.3. The Km values for delta 1-piperideine 2-carboxylate and NADPH were 0.23 and 0.13 mM, respectively. NADPH at concentrations above 0.15 mM was inhibitory to the enzyme. Delta 1-pyrroline-5 carboxylate, pyroglutamate, and NADH were poor substrates or coenzyme for delta 1 piperideine-2-carboxylate reductase. The enzyme reaction from delta 1-piperideine 2-carboxylate to L-pipecolate was irreversible. EDTA, sodium pyrophosphate, and dithiothreitol at concentrations of 1 mM protected the enzyme during storage. The enzyme was inhibited almost totally by Zn2+, Mn2+, Hg2+ Co2+, and p chloromercuribenzoate at concentrations of 0.1 mM. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 200,000. Both D-lysine and L-lysine were good inducers for the enzyme. Neither delta1-piperideine-2-carboxylate nor L-pipecolate was an effective inducer for the enzyme. P. putida cells grew on D-lysine only after a 5 to 8-h lag, which could be abolished by adding a supplement of 0.01% alpha ketoglutarate or other readily metabolizable compounds. Such a supplement also converted the noncoordinate induction of this enzyme and pipecolate oxidase, both of the D-lysine pathway, to coordinacy. However, this effect was not observed if the enzyme pair was from different pathways of lysine metabolism in this organism (i.e., the D- and L-lysine pathways). PMID- 6801014 TI - Characterization and genetic mapping of fructose phosphotransferase mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa transports and phosphorylates fructose via a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose phosphotransferase system (PTS). Mutant strains deficient in both PTS activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were isolated and were used to select mannitol-utilizing revertant strains singly deficient in PTS activity. These mutants were unable to utilize fructose as a carbon source and failed to accumulate exogenously provided [14C]fructose, and crude cell extracts lacked phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent fructose PTS activity. Thus, the PTS was essential for the uptake and utilization of exogenously provided fructose by P. aeruginosa. Mutations at a locus designated pts, which resulted in a loss of PTS activity, exhibited 57% linkage to argF at 55 min on the chromosome in plasmid R68.45-mediated conjugational crosses. The pts mutations in four independently isolated mutant strains exhibited from 11 to 20% linkage to argF, and one of these mutations exhibited 3% linkage to lys-9015 in phage F116L-mediated transductional crosses. PMID- 6801015 TI - Mechanism of adenine toxicity in Escherichia coli. AB - The mechanism of adenine toxicity in an hpt gpt strain of Escherichia coli that is extremely sensitive to adenine inhibition was investigated. Adenine-resistant derivatives had secondary mutations in adeninephosphoribosyltransferase or the purR repressor. Growth studies with various purine salvage pathway mutants and the ability of guanosine to prevent adenine toxicity indicated that adenine exerts its toxic effects by depleting guanine nucleotide pools. In the presence of adenine, ATP pools increased twofold in wild-type cells and stabilized after 5 min. In contrast, ATP pools continued to rise in hpt gpt cells up to 25 min and increased sevenfold after adenine addition. hpt gpt cells were shown to have higher levels of adeninephosphoribosyltransferase than did the wild-type cells. In response to adenine addition, GTP pools dropped three- to fourfold in all strains tested. Although GTP levels returned to near normal values in wild-type cells after 35 min, no restoration of GTP pools was observed in the hpt gpt strain during this period. Measurements of guanine pools before and after the addition of adenine indicated that guaninephosphoribosyltransferase plays an important role in maintaining GTP pools by converting the free guanine to GMP during guanine nucleotide depletion. PMID- 6801016 TI - Interaction between a Bacillus cereus spore hexosaminidase and specific germinants. AB - A purified coat-associated hexosaminidase from spores of Bacillus cereus was studied to determine whether it could promote germination of dormant spores. Spores of a coat-deficient mutant as well as chemically extracted spores were used as substrate. Both of these spore preparations responded poorly to most germinants. However, absorbance loss was accelerated when the hexosaminidase was added in the presence of L-alanine. Enzyme alone was not effective. The addition of D-alanine inhibited completely the absorbance loss caused by hexosaminidase and L-alanine. Calcium dipicolinate and L-alpha-aminobutyric acid activated the hexosaminidase to some extent, but these chemicals were much less effective than L-alanine. In addition to the absorbance loss, the spores treated with enzyme and germinants released hexosamine and lost heat resistance and phase whiteness. The results suggest that this particular enzyme might have a role in germination. PMID- 6801017 TI - Cell wall turnover in growing and nongrowing cultures of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cell wall turnover was studied in cultures of Bacillus subtilis in which growth was inhibited by nutrient starvation or by the addition of antibiotics. Concomitantly, the synthesis of wall, as measured by the incorporation of radioactively labeled N-acetylglucosamine, was followed in some of these cultures. In potassium- or phosphate-starved cultures, growth stopped, but wall turnover continued at a rate slightly lower than that in the control cultures. Lysis of cells did not occur. In glucose-starved cultures, continued wall turnover caused lysis of cells, since wall synthesis apparently was inhibited. The same phenomenon was observed after growth arrest by the addition of wall synthesis inhibitors such as fosfomycin, cycloserine, penicillin G, and vancomycin. Growth arrest by the addition of chloramphenicol allowed the continuation of wall synthesis; therefore, the observed turnover generally did not cause cell lysis. PMID- 6801019 TI - Transgalactosylation activity of ebg beta-galactosidase synthesizes allolactose from lactose. AB - ebg enzyme, the second beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli, does not normally convert lactose into an inducer of the lac operon. We previously reported the existence of a mutant ebg enzyme that does make such an inducer in vivo (Rolseth et al., J. Bacteriol. 142:1036-1039, 1980). Here I report that the mutant enzyme makes inducer from lactose in vitro and that the inducer is allolactose. Allolactose is made from lactose by direct transgalactosylation at a rate that is 8 to 10% of the rate of lactose hydrolysis. Galactose is also transferred to glucose free in solution, but the resulting indirect transgalactosylation products are not allolactose or lactose. The ability to efficiently synthesize allolactose is a general property of class IV mutant ebg enzymes, whereas other classes of ebg mutant enzymes are unable to synthesize allolactose efficiently. The evolutionary implications of this new function are discussed. PMID- 6801020 TI - Electrical nature of the taxis signal in cyanobacteria. AB - Electrical events after a light-dark stimulus were studied in the multicellular organism Phormidium uncinatum. Normally, such a stimulus causes the gliding trichome to reverse direction. By directing a large light spot on the end of a batch of trichomes and then switching it off, we achieved synchronization of the trichomes, since the "head" is much more sensitive than the "tail." The abrupt disappearance of a uniform light produced a depolarization wave which initiated at the head, as registered by externally applied electrodes. The second stimulus produced a depolarization of the opposite direction, reflecting the reorientation of the trichomes. No electrical response was observed at Ca2+ concentrations less than or equal to 10(-8) M. Factors causing oscillatory reversals, i.e., a combination of Ca2+ and A23187, or a viscous environment also abolished the electrical signal. Changes in an externally applied electrical field (4 V/cm2) had little effect on the motile behavior of P. uncinatum or Oscillatoria princeps. However, in the presence of 5 microM Ca2+-1 microM A23187, all the trichomes reversed synchronously to the anode after a change in polarity of an externally applied electrical field. We suggest that an increased Ca2+ concentration together with a change in delta psi (or delta mu H+) represents the taxis signal in cyanobacteria. PMID- 6801018 TI - Heterogeneity of tetracycline resistance determinants in Streptococcus. AB - We found that naturally occurring tetracycline resistance in streptococci is encoded by more than one genetic determinant. Two of these distinct determinants were cloned, and the regions that are necessary and sufficient for expression of tetracycline resistance were defined by deletion analysis. These cloned determinants were further characterized by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments which also identified a third genetically unrelated tetracycline resistance determinant. Some of these genetic differences appear to represent mechanistic differences. The tetL determinant was associated with small nonconjugative plasmids and mediated resistance to tetracycline. The tetM determinant was most often "nonplasmid" associated and mediated resistance to minocycline as well as tetracycline. The tetN determinant was represented on a large conjugative plasmid and was genetically distinct from tetL and tetM, although phenotypically it resembled tetM. PMID- 6801021 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of Bacillus subtilis mutants impaired in DNA entry. AB - Transformation-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis have been identified either by screening for a nuclease-deficient phenotype on methyl green-DNA agar or for nontransformability on transforming DNA-containing agar. After purification of the mutations causing a reduction in the entry of DNA, a set of isogenic entry deficient strains was obtained. In addition to being entry deficient to various extents, the strains usually were less capable of association with DNA than the entry-proficient parent. Likewise, the specific transforming activity in the purified mutant strains continued to be less than that in the wild type. With the possible exception of one strain, no evidence was obtained that the mutant strains were impaired in recombination. Since the breakdown of transforming DNA to acid-soluble products correlated fairly well with the residual capacity of the strains to take up DNA, nucleolytic activity is likely to be involved in the entry of DNA in B. subtilis. PMID- 6801023 TI - Bacillus megaterium spore protease: purification, radioimmunoassay, and analysis of antigen level and localization during growth, sporulation, and spore germination. AB - The protease which initiates the massive protein degradation early in bacterial spore germination has been purified from Bacillus megaterium spores. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 160,000 and contains four apparently identical subunits, but only the tetramer is enzymatically active. A radioimmunoassay has been developed for this enzyme and has been used to show that the protease is absent from growing cells, but appears early in sporulation within the developing forespore. In contrast, the protease antigen disappears rapidly during spore germination, in parallel with the loss in enzyme activity. PMID- 6801022 TI - Transfer of the gonococcal penicillinase plasmid: mobilization in Escherichia coli by IncP plasmids and isolation as a DNA-protein relaxation complex. AB - A 4.4-megadalton penicillinase plasmid, pWD2, from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was transformed into Escherichia coli. pWD2 was efficiently mobilized by IncP plasmids in E. coli but not by Flac, R1drd-19, or R64drd-11. pWD2 could be isolated as a DNA-protein relaxation complex with properties similar to the well characterized ColE1 complex. The host range of pWD2 was shown to include gonococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and Hemophilus influenzae, but not Acinetobacter calcoaceticus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These findings suggest that P-group plasmids could have played a role in the dissemination of the TEM beta-lactamase to pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6801025 TI - DNA isolated from Mycobacterium leprae: genome size, base ratio, and homology with other related bacteria as determined by optical DNA-DNA reassociation. AB - DNA derived from Mycobacterium leprae (grown in armadillos) was isolated, purified, and analyzed spectrophotometrically. The genome size and the guanine plus-cytosine content of M. leprae were 1.3 x 10(9) and 55.8%, respectively. Among selected strains of mycobacterial, nocardial, and corynebacterial species, Corynebacterium sp. 2628 LB, isolated from a human leprosy patient, showed the highest DNA homology with M. leprae. Of the DNAs derived from mycobacteria, those of M. tuberculosis and M. scrofulaceum showed a comparatively high reassociation with the DNMA of M. liprae. PMID- 6801024 TI - Occurrence of L-lysine epsilon-dehydrogenase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - A novel amino acid dehydrogenase catalyzing the oxidative deamination of the epsilon-amino group of l-lysine was found in the crude extract of Agrobacterium tumefaciens ICR 1660. The enzyme required NAD(+) and was specific for l-lysine. The enzyme was optimally active at about pH 9.7. PMID- 6801026 TI - Carbon dioxide assimilation by Thiobacillus novellus under nutrient-limited mixotrophic conditions. AB - The contribution of CO2 to cell material synthesis in Thiobacillus novellus under nutrient-limited conditions was estimated by comparing 14CO2 uptake rates of steady-state autotrophic cultures with that of heterotrophic and mixotrophic cultures at a given dilution rate. Under heterotrophic conditions, some 13% of the cell carbon was derived from CO2; this is similar to the usual anaplerotic CO2 fixation in batch cultures of heterotrophic bacteria. Under mixotrophic conditions, the contribution of CO2 to cell material synthesis increased with increasing S2O3 2- -to-glucose ratio in the medium inflow; at a ratio of 10, ca. 32% of the cell carbon was synthesized from CO2. We speculate that the use of CO2 as carbon source, even when the glucose provided is sufficient to fulfill the biosynthetic needs, may augment the growth rate of the bacterium under such nutrient-limited conditions and could therefore be of survival value in nature. Some of the CO2 assimilated was excreted into the medium as organic compounds under all growth conditions, but in large amounts only in autotrophic environments as very low dilution rates. PMID- 6801027 TI - Maprotiline and seizures. AB - Maprotiline has been reported to be less likely to cause epileptic seizures than the tricyclic antidepressants. The authors describe two cases in which patients suffered their first epileptic attacks while on therapeutic doses of maprotiline. They recommend that the newer antidepressants, as well as the tricyclics, should not be used with the aliphatic neuroleptics because of a possible additive or synergistic epileptic effect. If patients are to be withdrawn from C.N.S. depressants, then this should be accomplished prior to initiation of antidepressant therapy. Patients who are predisposed to seizures should have lower initial doses of antidepressants. PMID- 6801028 TI - X-ray analysis of a [2Fe-2S] ferrodoxin from Spirulina platensis. Main chain fold and location of side chains at 2.5 A resolution. AB - A [2Fe-2S] ferrodoxin from Spirulina platensis crystallized in space group C2221 with cell dimensions of a = 62.32, b = 28.51, c = 108.08 A, and alpha = beta = gamma = 90.0 degrees. X-ray structure analysis of the protein was carried out at 2.5 A resolution by the single isomorphous replacement method coupled with the derivative and the native anomalous dispersion methods. Phase angles of 2182 independent reflections were determined and their average figure of merit was 0.58. Each of 98 residues was superposed on the electron density sections enlarged to 2 cm/l A with a half-mirror device (Richards box). About 25% of the total residues form beta-structure and 10% fold in a tow-turn alpha-helix. A beta barrel-like structure was found in the main chain fold. A polypeptide segment from residues 41 to 49 forms a loop structure outside the barrel. Two iron atoms of the [2Fe-2S] cluster are coordinated by three cysteines in the loop and by Cys 79. Hydrogen bonds of NH....S and OH....S stabilize the loop conformation. Most side chains are reasonably oriented in the molecule. The internal volume of the barrel is occupied by aliphatic nonpolar residues. All the charged groups are accessible to solvent molecules. PMID- 6801029 TI - Phenobarbital induction of a soluble cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid monooxygenase in Bacillus megaterium. AB - A soluble, cytochrome P-450-dependent fatty acid hydroxylase-epoxidase isolated from Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 can be induced about 28-fold by the addition of phenobarbital (8 mM) to the growth medium. Phenobarbital is not a substrate for the enzyme nor does it activate the monooxygenase in the cell-free system. The level of the P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity in cultures harvested during the early stationary phase of growth increased linearly with phenobarbital concentration up to its solubility limit (8 mM) at 35 degrees C. The time course of induction during culture growth in the presence of 4 mM phenobarbital showed an interesting dichotomy. The specific content of cytochrome P-450 increased until the early stationary phase of growth and then leveled off. P-450-dependent monooxygenase activity, however, continued to increase rapidly to midstationary phase and then decreased just as rapidly after this time. At maximum specific activity, a turnover number of about 2,450 was obtained for palmitoleate hydroxylation-epoxidation by the cytochrome P-450 system. PMID- 6801031 TI - Characteristics of the release of the surface coat protein from bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Bloodstream forms of the African trypanosomes undergo antigenic variation in their mammalian host. This process involves removal of the existing variant coat protein and its replacement with another. The mechanism by which the surface coat protein is released to the external supporting medium has been shown to depend in vitro specifically on the presence of calcium ions together with the calcium ionophore. A-23187, and to be inhibited by Zn2+. Release of the surface coat protein was not stimulated by conditions designed to alter the plasma membrane potential or the major ionic gradients across that membrane. Release could be stimulated by inhibiting the energy metabolism of these glycolysing cells with 2 deoxyglucose, which probably prevents the energy-dependent mechanisms that normally keep the cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration low. These results and the finding that the release process was strongly temperature dependent suggested the possible mediation of some as yet undefined enzymatic reaction. PMID- 6801030 TI - Disialogangliosides in bovine adrenal medulla. AB - Gangliosides were isolated from bovine adrenal medulla by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 and Iatrobeads column chromatography. The disialo fraction contained five major gangliosides, A to E; together they accounted for 4.6% of the total lipid-bound sialic acid. On the basis of sugar analysis, permethylation, mild acid hydrolysis and neuraminidase degradation studies, the structures of these five gangliosides are characterized as follows: (formula: see text). The major fatty acids of the disialogangliosides were C16:0, C18:0, C22:0, C23:0, C24:0, and C24:1, which were characteristic of extraneural gangliosides. PMID- 6801033 TI - Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of rat liver microsomes. Isolation by affinity chromatography and properties. AB - Hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was purified from rat liver microsomal fraction more than 500-fold with a 45% recovery using DEAE-cellulose and 2',5'-ADP Sepharose 4B columns. The purified enzyme appeared to be immunologically and electrophoretically homogeneous and had broad substrate and cofactor specificities. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The purified enzyme was a glycoprotein in nature, having a Stokes radius of about 55 A, a sedimentation coefficient of about 8.2 s, and an isoelectric point of about 6.4. Minimum molecular weight of the enzyme was about 108,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, whereas the product cross linked with glutaraldehyde or dimethyl suberimidate had Mr approximately equal to 220,000, suggesting that the active enzyme existed as a dimer of identical subunits. Antiserum raised against the purified enzyme inhibited the activity of the solubilized enzyme but did not inhibit the cytosol glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. The antigenic sites of the enzyme were latent in intact microsomes. Comparison was also made between the enzymes isolated from untreated and phenobarbital-pretreated animals. PMID- 6801032 TI - The amino acid sequence of the nitrogenase iron protein from Azotobacter vinelandii. PMID- 6801034 TI - Comparison of collagen types in adult and fetal bovine corneas. AB - The collagen types in the fetal and adult bovine corneal layers were compared. The cornea was separated into epithelial, endothelial, and stromal layers. Of the interstitial collagens, type I was the predominant in all layers of both fetal and adult corneas. Only type I of the interstitial collagens was found in the three layers of the adult cornea. Type I collagen was also found in all layers of the fetal cornea together with a minute amount, less than 2%, of type III collagen. The type III collagen could only be detected by cyanogen bromide peptide gel maps and was not apparent by gel electrophoresis of intact alpha chains. Of the noninterstitial collagens, type V was present throughout the three corneal layers. Type IV, basement membrane-specific collagen was found only in the endothelial and epithelial layers, which contain Descemet's and Bowman's membrane, respectively. The transient presence of type III collagen reflects an embryonic stage of corneal development. PMID- 6801035 TI - Purification and characterization of a second form of hepatic cytochrome P-448 from rats treated with a pure polychlorinated biphenyl isomer. PMID- 6801036 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone causes loss of cellular calcium without calcium uptake by rat pituitary cells in culture. Studies using arsenazo III for direct measurement of calcium. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) may act to stimulate prolactin secretion by increasing the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration. This notion is supported by the finding that TRH acutely enhances 45Ca2+ efflux from pituitary cells which may reflect alterations in Ca2+ influx or efflux, or both. To differentiate among these possibilities, we measured loss and uptake of nonradioactive Ca2+ by GH3 cells, a cloned strain of rat pituitary cells that produce prolactin, during TRH action using the metallochromic indicator arsenazo III. Cells were perfused in medium containing 2.8 microM Ca2+ and nonradioactive Ca2+ was measured in the perfusion effluent. Under these conditions, there was a sustained loss of Ca2+ from the cells for at least 30 min. TRH caused a transient, marked increase in the amount of Ca2+ released into the medium which occurred in parallel with enhancement in 45Ca2+ efflux and stimulation of prolactin secretion. There was no measurable decrease in Ca2+ concentration in the medium at the onset of the TRH effect which would have been consistent with Ca2+ influx into the cells. Furthermore, an identical response to TRH was observed in cells perfused with medium containing 50 microM verapamil, an agent which blocks Ca2+ influx. In static incubations performed in parallel, TRH caused a decrease in total cellular Ca2+ of 23 +/- 5%. These data provide direct evidence that TRH causes loss of Ca2+ from GH3 cells without causing measurable Ca2+ uptake and support the contention that TRH acts by mobilizing Ca2+ from a sequestered cellular pool (or pools). PMID- 6801037 TI - Lipid metabolism in cultured cells. Activators of endogenous thromboxane A2 synthesis in cultured lung fibroblasts. AB - Thromboxane A2 (rabbit aorta-contracting substance) is a proaggregatory vasoconstrictive, oxygenated metabolite of arachidonic acid which was originally discovered in guinea pig lung perfusates during antigen-induced anaphylaxis. The specific stimuli which activate synthesis and the cellular source in the lung remain undefined. In order to study pulmonary thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis, a cultured lung cell model has been used. Monolayer cultures of human diploid embryonic lung fibroblast (WI-38) metabolized exogenously supplied [14C]arachidonic acid to TXA2 as well as prostaglandin E2. Both were unequivocally identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Cellular phospholipids were labeled by preincubating cultures overnight with [14C]arachidonic acid. Release of thromboxane A2 into the culture fluid from these prelabeled cultures was stimulated by two phospholipase activating agents, mellitin and the calcium ionophore A23187. The lung cells also released TXA2 and prostaglandin in a dose-dependent fashion when treated with thrombin but not when exposed to trypsin. Bradykinin, an anaphylactic mediator in vivo, was a potent TXA2 releasing agent in this in vitro system whereas histamine was inactive. In addition, anaphylactic shock perfusates from guinea pig lung were shown to contain a factor (other than bradykinin) which activates fibroblasts TXA2 synthesis in these cultured lung cells. These experiments indicate that the lung fibroblast is probably a source of pulmonary thromboxane in vivo and that the cultured lung cell system described here is a useful model for defining the complex interactions of mediators of anaphylaxis and asthma. PMID- 6801038 TI - Regulation of Rhodospirillum rubrum nitrogenase activity. Properties and interconversion of active and inactive Fe protein. PMID- 6801039 TI - The covalent structure of apolipoprotein A-I from canine high density lipoproteins. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of apolipoprotein A-I (apo-A-I) from canine serum high density lipoproteins (HLD) has been determined by automated Edman degradation of the intact protein and proteolytic fragments derived therefrom. The major strategy involved analysis of overlapping sets of peptides generated by cleavage at lysyl residues with Myxobacter protease and by tryptic hydrolysis at arginines in the citraconylated protein derivative. Canine apo-A-I has 232 residues in its single polypeptide chain and its covalent structure is highly homologous to one of the two reported sequences for human apo-A-I. As in the case for the human apoprotein, predictive analysis of the canine apo-A-I sequence suggests that it comprises a series of amphiphilic alpha helices punctuated by a periodic array of prolyl residues. Human HDL contains a second major protein component, apolipoprotein A-II (apo-A-II) that is lacking in HDL from dog serum. The absence of apo-A-II in canine HDL raised the possibility that the apo-A-I from this source might contain within its primary structure sequences related to apo-A-II and thus perform the dual function of both proteins in one. Our analysis proves that canine apo-A-I has all of the structural features of human apo-A-I and that it is not an A-I: A-II hybrid molecule. PMID- 6801041 TI - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance study of the pyruvate dehydrogenase-catalyzed acetylation of dihydrolipoamide. AB - The dihydrolipoyl transacetylase component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes a reversible reaction between acetyl-CoA and dihydrolipoamide that results in the formation of S-acetyldihydrolipoamide. We have used 13C nuclear magnetic resonance to investigate this reaction using exogenous forms of dihydrolipoamide in place of the protein-bound substrate. With substrate levels of dihydrolipoamide and enzymatically generated [1-13C]acetyl-CoA, both 6-S-[1 13C]acetyl- and 8-S-[1-13C]acetyldihydrolipoamide were formed in the transacetylation reaction and both species participated in the reverse reaction to yield [1-13C]acetyl-CoA and free dihydrolipoamide. The 8-S-acetyl derivative was the principal product. It is suggested that acetylation of both the 6- and 8 thiols of dihydrolipoamide results as a consequence of intramolecular migration following acetylation at a single site. After longer periods of reaction, some 6,8-S,S-[1-13C]diacetyldihydrolipoamide also accumulated. We have also found that [1-13C]acetyl-CoA reacts slowly with dihydrolipoamide in a nonenzymatic reaction to yield the two monoacetylated and some diacetylated derivative. In the reverse reaction catalyzed by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, it was clear that monoacetyl derivatives were depleted much more rapidly than the diacetyl derivatives, although we could not quantitate the change in the low concentration of the diacetyl derivative. PMID- 6801040 TI - Proacrosin conversion inhibitor. Purification and initial characterization of a boar sperm protein which prevents the conversion of proacrosin into acrosin. AB - A proacrosin conversion inhibitor present in boar spermatozoa has been purified and initially characterized. Purification methods included sequential acid extractions of washed spermatozoa at pH 4.0, pH 3.5, and pH 2.5 followed by successive gel filtrations of the pH 2.5 sperm extract supernatant over Sephadex G-75 and G-50. The resulting 8.8-fold purified materials were judged to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis, had an estimated molecular weight of 12,800, and a constant specific activity of 65 units/mg. Treatment with the proteinases acrosin, trypsin, or chymotrypsin destroyed the highly purified proacrosin conversion inhibitor, indicating that it is a protein. Additional properties of the inhibitor included stability to long periods of storage at pH 3.0 and 4 degrees C, stability to boiling and lyophilization, and an absolute requirement for divalent cations to maintain activity. The highly purified proacrosin conversion inhibitor does not inhibit acrosin. Therefore, it apparently acts to prevent proacrosin conversion by selectively inhibiting the zymogen's self-catalyzed conversion mechanism. PMID- 6801042 TI - Studies on the intercellular adhesion of rat and chicken hepatocytes. Conditions affecting cell-cell specificity. PMID- 6801043 TI - Limited elastase digestion of pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase with retention of all partial enzyme activities. AB - Pigeon liver fatty acid synthetase which contains two subunits of 240,000 daltons each has been treated with elastase. This treatment yields four protein fragments which can be separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis. After the subunit protein has been treated with elastase, all of the partial enzyme activities catalyzed by the complex are present, but enzyme activity for fatty acid synthesis is lost. The formation of protein fragments during proteolysis has been followed by densitometric scanning of the SDS gels. The results of these scans have suggested that (a) there are two peptide components present in the highest molecular weight band, (b) both are rapidly digested to yield the second and third largest peptides, and (c) a further cleavage of the third largest peptide gives rise to the smallest of the four major peptides. Crossed-rocket immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the four protein fragments has confirmed these conclusions and established also that the three smallest peptides are homogeneous. Each of the four peptides has been isolated by preparative SDS-gel electrophoresis, and antibody to one has been prepared. This antibody fraction immunotitrates overall fatty acid synthetase activity and immunoprecipitates the native enzyme. Immunoelectrophoresis of the four elastase-digested synthetase products against this antibody showed some cross-reactivity with a peptide that was neither the precursor nor the product of the immunogen. This cross-reacting antibody was removed by reaction with the nonrelated protein to yield antibody specific for one region of the fatty acid synthetase complex. PMID- 6801044 TI - A new pathway expressed during a distinct stage of Drosophila development for the removal of dUMP residues in DNA. AB - In view of removing lesions in DNA produced by the deamination of cytosine to uracil, uracil-DNA glycosylases were anticipated to be ubiquitous. However, an analogous activity in Drosophila melanogaster was not detected. Instead, a nuclease was identified that acts specifically upon DNA containing uracil. The cleavage of uracil-containing DNA by the nuclease generates acid-soluble oligonucleotides in a reaction which can be inhibited by pretreatment of the DNA with Escherichia coli uracil-DNA glycosylase. Uracil-containing DNA with either A:U base pairs or G:U base pairs were susceptible to cleavage by the nuclease, whereas other damaged DNA substrates were not. The nuclease activity is transient and appears only in third instar larvae, with other developmental stages of Drosophila lacking significant levels of the nuclease. PMID- 6801046 TI - Purification and properties of glycine N-methyltransferase from rat liver. AB - Glycine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.20) has been purified to homogeneity from rat liver. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 132,000 by sedimentation equilibrium method. This value is in good agreement with a value of 130,000 obtained by Sephadex G-150 chromatography. The molecular weight of the denatured enzyme as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate is 31,500. The numbers of peptides obtained by tryptic digestion and by cyanogen bromide cleavage are one-fourth of those expected from the contents of lysine plus arginine residues and methionine residues, respectively. By Edman degradation, phenylthiohydantoin-leucine is the only amino acid derivative released from the enzyme. Neither sugar nor phospholipid is detected in the purified preparation. These data indicate that the rat liver glycine N-methyltransferase is a simple protein consisting of 4 identical subunits. The enzyme has an isoelectric pH of 6.4, and is most active at pH 9.0. From the circular dichroism spectrum, an alpha helix content of about 11% is calculated. Whereas the initial velocity as a function of glycine concentration gives a Michaelis-Menten kinetics, the enzyme shows a positive cooperativity with respect to S-adenosylmethionine. The concentrations of glycine and S adenosylmethionine which give a half-maximum velocity are 0.13 mM and 30 microM, respectively, at pH 7.4 and 25 degrees C. PMID- 6801048 TI - Domain nature of metallothionein. AB - Metallothionein purified from the livers of rats injected with CdCl3 was cleaved by proteolysis into a 32-residue polypeptide that contained 4 bound Cd ions. Appearance of this fragment designated alpha requires prior treatment of metallothionein with EDTA to remove the Zn ions and destabilize the 3-metal cysteine cluster in the other domain. The half-molecule domain was not efficiently produced by proteolysis of native metallothionein. The Cd4-alpha fragment is asymmetric in shape, as is the parent molecule. NH2-terminal sequence analysis revealed that the alpha fragment starts at Lys 30. Since the same amino acids are released from the COOH terminus of intact thionein and the alpha fragment by carboxypeptidase Y, the alpha domain generated by digestion with subtilisin therefore comprises residues 30 through 61. The amino acid composition of the alpha polypeptide is consistent with the structure of the 4-metal cysteine cluster proposed by Otvos and Armitage ((1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 77, 7094-7098). Metallothionein appears to consist of a 3-metal cysteine domain in the NH2-terminal half of the thionein molecule and the 4-metal cysteine domain in the COOH-terminal half. PMID- 6801045 TI - Cyanobacterial phycobilisomes. Role of the linker polypeptides in the assembly of phycocyanin. AB - The phycocyanin-containing segments of the rod substructures of Anabaena variabilis phycobilisomes consist of complexes of phycocyanin with "linker" polypeptides of 27,000 and 32,500 daltons (Yu, M.-H., Glazer, A. N., and Williams, R. C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 13130-13136). Complexes (alpha beta)3.27,000, (alpha beta)3.32,500, (alpha beta)6.27,000, [(alpha beta)6.32,500]n, (alpha beta)6.27,000 - (alpha beta)6.32,500 were prepared, where alpha beta represents a monomer of phycocyanin, and 27,000 and 32,500 represent the 27,000- and 32,500-dalton polypeptides, respectively. Tryptic digestion of (alpha beta)3.32,500 leads to a stable (alpha beta)3.28,000 complex which does not form higher aggregates. The 32,500 polypeptide is stable to trypsin in the [(alpha beta)6.32,500]n and (alpha beta)6.27,000 - [(alpha beta)6.32,500]n=1.2 aggregates. Upon trypsin treatment of all 27,000 still assembled into higher aggregates, (alpha beta)6.21,0900 and (alpha beta)6.21,000 - (alpha beta)6.32,500. The spectroscopic properties of phycocyanin-linker polypeptide complexes were not modified by the tryptic cleavages. These results show that the 32,500 polypeptide has two distinct functional domains, a 28,000 portion necessary to the stabilization of a trimeric phycocyanin complex and a 4,500 domain which links consecutive phycocyanin hexamers in the rod substructure. The 27,000 polypeptide likewise has two distinct functional domains: a 21,000 domain stabilizes a trimeric phycocyanin complex, a 6,000 domain is exposed in all of the assembly forms examined. From these and earlier studies, it is concluded that the 6,000 domain functions in the attachment of the rod substructures to the core of the phycobilisome. PMID- 6801047 TI - Hormonal regulation of glycogen synthase phosphorylation in rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 6801049 TI - The effects of membrane fatty acid modification of clonal pheochromocytoma cells on depolarization-dependent exocytosis. AB - We have begun studying the role of membrane lipids in the exocytotic release process using the pheochromocytoma clone, PC12. The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the cells was modified by growth in the presence of specific fatty acids. None of the fatty acid modifications affected K+-stimulated release of [3H] norepinephrine. This observation indicates that the individual steps of the secretion process, including the extent of depolarization produced by K+, the response of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels to depolarization, and the subsequent steps in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis were unaffected by the fatty acid changes. In contrast, exocytosis evoked by stimulation of nicotinic cholinergic receptors with carbamylcholine or direct activation of action potential Na+ channels with veratridine was diminished in cells enriched with unsaturated fatty acids. The diminished output of the release systems was observed at all concentrations of carbamylcholine and veratridine tested. Since the events of exocytosis subsequent to Ca2+ influx were unaffected by unsaturated fatty acids, it appears likely that the magnitude of the depolarization produced by carbamylcholine and veratridine was reduced. The loss of carbamylcholine stimulated release did not correlate with the simple presence of the fatty acids, but paralleled closely the time and concentration-dependent changes in the phospholipid fatty acid composition. However, when oleate and arachidonate were simultaneously added to the culture medium, the inhibitory effects on carbamylcholine-stimulated release were additive, whereas the changes in fatty acid composition were antagonistic. Thus, exposure of PC12 cells to unsaturated fatty acids causes specific, reversible decreases in the activities of at least 2 stimulus/secretion systems. However, the mechanistic explanation for these changes is not readily apparent from a simple analysis of total phospholipid fatty acid composition. PMID- 6801050 TI - 2-Bromoacetylaminopentitol 1,5-bisphosphate as an affinity label for ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - 2-Bromoacetylaminopentitol 1,5-bisphosphate (BrAcNH-pentitol-P2) (an epimeric mixture of 2-bromoacetylamino-2-deoxy-D-ribitol bisphosphate and 2 bromoacetylamino-2-deoxy-D-arabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate) has been synthesized from D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate by reductive amination with sodium cyanoborohydride followed by bromoacetylation of the resultant amine with bromoacetyl bromide. Under conditions that favor full activation of the enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum is completely inactivated by BrAcNH-pentitol-P2 in a pseudo-first order process. A rate saturation is observed with a minimal inactivation half-life of 38 min and Kinact for reagent of 0.38 mM. The competitive inhibitor 2-carboxyribitol 1,5-bisphosphate reduces the rate of inactivation, and kinetic analyses are consistent with the protection reflecting true competition of inhibitor and reagent for the same site. As shown with isotopically labeled reagent, complete inactivation is associated with covalent incorporation of 1.1 mol of reagent/mol of subunit. Based on reversibility of inactivation by thiolysis and based on analysis of labeled products in acid hydrolysates of the modified enzyme, a methionyl sulfonium salt is the reaction product. In the absence of CO2 and Mg2+ (ligands required for activation), the enzyme is resistant to BrAcNH-pentitol-P2, which suggests that the site-specific modification of a methionyl residue requires a fully functional catalytic center. PMID- 6801051 TI - DPN-linked sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Cyclopentanoid analogues mimic the active rotameric state of the natural substrate. AB - Five diastereoisomeric cyclopentane-1,2,3-triol monophosphate analogues of sn glycerol 3-phosphate have been studied as substrates and inhibitors of sn glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.18) of rabbit skeletal muscle. Of the five analogues, only two were substrates, DL-1,2,3/0-1P (analogue I) and DL-1,2/3 1P (analogue II). The rest were weak competitive inhibitors of the enzyme. Initial rate kinetic studies of the substrate-active analogues analyzed by a rapid equilibrium random-order mechanism showed that Ks (I) = 4.6 +/- 2.6 mM; Ks (II) = 2.2 +/- 0.6 mM compared with Ks (DL-glycerol-3-P) = 2.4 +/- 0.9 mM. Correlation of the structures of the five analogues with their activities indicates that the enzyme requires a syn orientation of the carbon-oxygen bonds about C-2 and C-3 for activity, which is optimized by an anti relationship between the hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-2 of the cyclopentanetriol monophosphates. These results are used to deduce the conformation of sn-glycerol 3-P as it is bound in the active site of the enzyme. PMID- 6801053 TI - Purification of choline acetyltransferase from Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Choline acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.6) from Drosophila melanogaster (Canton S, wild type) was purified 12,500-fold to a final specific activity of 500 mumol min 1 mg protein-1. The purification used homogenized fly heads and consisted of polyethylene glycol precipitation, DEAE-Bio-Gel A chromatography, Octyl-Sepharose chromatography, and affinity chromatography using solid phase Green A-agarose. The molecular weight of the native enzyme, as determined by molecular exclusion chromatography, was approximately 67,000 daltons. The final enzyme preparation showed two major protein bands at 67,000 and 54,000 daltons on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). After molecular exclusion chromatography, both SDS gel bands were present in the single symmetrical peak that contained the enzyme activity. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps prepared from the individual SDS gel bands indicated that they have very similar primary structures. Both SDS gel bands were precipitated by two different monoclonal antibodies derived against Drosophila choline acetyltransferase activity. The structural and immunological relatedness of the two SDS gel bands indicates that the enzyme is essentially homogeneous and that, in the native state, it may consist of more than one polypeptide chain. PMID- 6801052 TI - Oxygenation of arachidonic acid by hepatic monooxygenases. Isolation and metabolism of four epoxide intermediates. AB - [3H]Arachidonic (eicosatetraenoic) acid was incubated with rabbit liver microsomes, NADPH, and 1 mM 1,2-epoxy-3,3,3-trichloropropane, an epoxide hydrolase inhibitor, for 15 min at 37 degrees C. The metabolites were separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and two epoxides, 11(12)oxido-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 14(15)oxido-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Hepatic cytochromes P-450 purified from rabbits and rats treated with phenobarbital metabolized arachidonic acid to these two epoxides, as well as 5(6)oxido-8,11,14 eicosatrienoic acid and 8(9)oxido-5,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid and the corresponding vic-diols as the major products. Cytochromes P-450 purified from rabbits and rats treated with beta-naphthoflavone mainly formed (omega-1)- and omega-hydroxylated arachidonic acids, while the four epoxides and the vic-diols were formed in small amounts. Synthetic [14C]14(15)oxido-, 11(12) oxido-, 8(9)oxido-, and 5(6)oxidoeicosatrienoic acid were enzymatically converted to vic diols by hepatic and renal cortical microsomal and cytosolic fractions and by purified liver microsomal epoxide hydrolase. Liver microsomes oxygenated the epoxides to many polar products in the presence of NADPH. All eight trihydroxy acids, formed by omega- or (omega-1)-hydroxylation of the four vic-diols, four vic-diol dicarboxylic acids, and other metabolites were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMID- 6801054 TI - Dihomo-prostaglandins and -thromboxane. A prostaglandin family from adrenic acid that may be preferentially synthesized in the kidney. PMID- 6801055 TI - Biosynthesis of DNA polymerase beta in chick embryonic cells. AB - A monospecific antibody to chick embryo DNA polymerase beta was prepared from a rabbit immunized with the homogeneous enzyme preparation. The antibody has high neutralizing ability to the enzyme activity and, in the presence of formalin fixed Staphylococcus aureus, precipitates a Mr = 40,000 polypeptide from the crude extract and the partially purified DNA polymerase beta which were prepared from [35S]methionine-labeled chick embryonic cells. Pulse-chase experiments were carried out to clarify the process of the biosynthesis of DNA polymerase beta. We have attempted to detect a precursor polypeptide which would be expected to have the following properties: 1) a polypeptide which is specifically precipitated by the antibody and has a molecular weight different from 40,000, 2) the amount of the 35S-labeled polypeptide decreases in the chase period, and 3) 35S-labeled polypeptide which is eliminated from the immunoprecipitate by adding an excess amount of purified unlabeled DNA polymerase beta. However, no such polypeptide was detected in the 30-min pulse-labeled cells. A Mr = 40,000 polypeptide was immunoprecipitated from the extract of 30-min pulse-labeled cells and its amount did not change in a 5-hr chase, then decreased. Results suggest that a Mr = 40,000 polypeptide of chick embryo DNA polymerase beta is the initial translation product of the mRNA of DNA polymerase beta. PMID- 6801056 TI - Drosophila melanogaster ma-l mutants are defective in the sulfuration of desulfo Mo hydroxylases. AB - Xanthine dehydrogenase was purified more than 1500-fold from crude extracts of wild type Drosophila melanogaster. Like the bovine milk and chicken liver enzymes, the purified Drosophila enzyme was inactivated by cyanide, and the cyanide-inactivated desulfo enzyme was reactivated by anaerobic incubation with 1 mM sulfide and 1 mM dithionite. Application of the resulfuration procedure to crude extracts of Drosophila ma-l flies which slow pleiotropic deficiencies of xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde oxidase, and pyridoxal oxidase led to the emergence of xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase activities. Representatives of all the five known complementation groups of ma-l mutants were amenable to activation; 59-95% of wild type xanthine dehydrogenase activity and 1 7% of wild type aldehyde oxidase activity were reconstituted. Evidence for the identity of in vitro reconstituted xanthine dehydrogenase from ma-l mutants with wild type enzyme is presented. Since the inactive xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase proteins present in ma-l mutants are identical with the catalytically inactive desulfo forms obtained by cyanide treatment of active enzymes, these data constitute evidence for genetic control of the incorporation of the cyanolyzable sulfur of Mo hydroxylases. PMID- 6801058 TI - Origin of malignant adenocarcinoma cell line induced by retrovirus-like particles from DMBA rat mammary tumors. AB - Intraperitoneal inoculation of neonate Sprague Dawley rats with cell-free extracts containing retrovirus-like particles from DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors resulted in a fivefold increase of benign mammary neoplasias in the survivor animals, in comparison to the spontaneous tumor incidence rate. In addition, four animals developed metastasizing abdominal adenocarcinomas. The ascitic cells of one of the abdominal tumors were established as a permanent tissue culture line (HH-1). After subsequent animal passage, cells of the permanent line HH-9 clone 14 showed increased malignancy manifested by the number of takes per animals injected, and by the number of remote metastases observed. PMID- 6801059 TI - Total thoracic ectopia cordis with complete absence of sternum and pericardium and double diverticulum. PMID- 6801057 TI - Purification and properties of UDP-gal:N-acetylgalactosaminide mucin: beta 1,3 galactosyltransferase from swine trachea mucosa. PMID- 6801060 TI - Rod substructure in cyanobacterial phycobilisomes: analysis of Synechocystis 6701 mutants low in phycoerythrin. AB - Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes contain phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, and allophycocyanin in a molar ratio of approximately 2:2:1, and other polypeptides of 99-, 46-, 33.5-, 31.5-, 30.5-, and 27-kdaltons. Wild-type phycobilisomes consist of a core of three cylindrical elements in an equilateral array surrounded by a fanlike array of six rods each made up of 3-4 stacked disks. Twelve nitrosoguanidine-induced mutants were isolated which produced phycobilisomes containing between 0 and 53% of the wild-type level of phycoerythrin and grossly altered levels of the 30.5- and 31.5-kdalton polypeptides. Assembly defects in these mutant particles were shown to be limited to the phycoerythrin portions of the rod substructures of the phycobilisome. Quantitative analysis of phycobilisomes from wild-type and mutant cells, grown either in white light or chromatically adapted to red light, indicated a molar ratio of the 30.5- and 31.5-kdalton polypeptides to phycoerythrin of 1:6, i.e., one 30.5- or one 31.5-kdaltons polypeptide per (alpha beta)6 phycoerythrin hexamer. Presence of the phycoerythrin-31.5-kdalton complex in phycobilisomes did not require the presence of the 30.5-kdalton polypeptide. The converse situation was not observed. These and earlier studies (R. C. Williams, J. C. Gingrich, and A. N. Glazer. 1980. J. Cell Biol. 85:558-566) show that the average rod in wild type Synechocystis 6701 phycobilisomes consists of four stacked disk-shaped complexes: phycocyanin (alpha beta)6-27 kdalton, phycocyanin (alpha beta)6-33.5 kdalton, phycoerythrin (alpha beta)6-31.5 kdalton, and phycoerythrin-30.5 kdalton, listed in order starting with the disk proximal to the core. PMID- 6801061 TI - Cultured megakaryocytes: changes in the cytoskeleton after ADP-induced spreading. AB - Megakaryocytes from guinea pig bone marrow were isolated and maintained in liquid culture and were treated with ADP, thrombin, arachidonic acid, or collagen. Megakaryocytes spread with an active ruffled membrane in response to ADP (1-100 microM), thrombin (1.0 U/ml), and arachidonic acid (50 microM) but responded to collagen surfaces only if fibronectin was added to the cultures. Spreading could be blocked completely by dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dibutyryl cAMP) or isobutylmethylxanthine at 1 mM, as well as by cytochalasin D (2 microgram/ml), but not by colchicine up to 1 mg/ml. The distribution of contractile proteins was examined by immunofluorescence. In untreated, spherical cells, staining with antimyosin, antifilamin, anti-alpha-actinin, or with fluorescein-labeled subfragment 1 (FITC-S1) was diffuse and unpatterned. With antitubulin antibody, however, microtubules were seen in a dense array throughout the unspread cells. In actively ruffling spreading cells, myosin, filamin, and actin were visualized in the region of the ruffled membrane while alpha-actinin was seen most prominently in a band located proximal to the inner part of the ruffle. In fully spread cells, actin, myosin, filamin, and alpha-actinin were seen in filaments that filled the cytoplasm. Antimyosin and anti-alpha-actinin staining of the filaments was periodic with approximately 1 micrometer center-to-center spacing. Actin, filamin, and alpha-actinin were also identified in punctate spots throughout the spread cytoplasm. Microtubules were absent from the ruffle but filled the cytoplasm of fully spread cells. Rings, 1.5-2.5 micrometer in diameter, were seen with antitubulin in 13% of the spread cells. Our results show that megakaryocytes respond to platelet agonists, but typically by spreading, rather than extending, filopodia. From the changes in localization of contractile proteins and from time-lapse cinematography, we propose a model for cell spreading. PMID- 6801063 TI - The amphibian epidermis: distribution of mitochondria-rich cells and the effect of oxytocin. AB - It is known that the ion-transporting capacity and the permeability to water of amphibian skins vary greatly both between and within species. Furthermore, the extent to which different skins respond to hormonal stimulation of these parameters also shows considerable inter- and intra-specific variation. As a first step towards defining a possible morphological basis for this physiological heterogeneity, we examined different regions of skins from 3 anurans, Bufo bufo, Rana ridibunda and Xenopus laevis, that are species with widely differing habitats. The mitochondria-rich cell population of the epidermis was counted and the epidermal thickness was measured. There were large differences in the mitochondria-rich cell content and in the epidermal thickness of the skins from different species and from different regions of skin from the same animal. In a second set of studies, the same morphological features were examined and, in addition, routine functional parameters were measured to monitor some transport properties of the skins used. The skins also varied considerably with respect to short-circuit current, potential difference, water permeability and sensitivity to oxytocin. Although no apparent relationship was noted between either basal or hormone-stimulated physiological parameters and the morphological features of the individual skins, the striking variation in the density of mitochondria-rich cells in amphibian epidermis merits further studies, including the use of techniques or experimental designs that allow the movement of individual species of ion across the skin to be followed. PMID- 6801064 TI - Reflectometric mapping of microregional blood flow and blood volume in the brain cortex. AB - A reflectometric indicator-dilution method has been developed for mapping the parenchymal minute volume flow and blood content over tiny superficial areas of the brain cortex at 625 or 2500 locations, respectively. About 0.4 ml dextran saline solution was used as nondiffusible indicator and injected into the feline cerebral circulation for each measurement. The subsequent cerebrocortical transit of the hemodiluted bolus was detected as a temporary change in the tissue optical density [OD(t)] and interpreted as indicator dilution, C(t). This gave the data necessary to calculate the microregional blood volume (mrCBV), mean transit time of the bolus (mrMTT), and the microregional blood flow (mrCBF = mrCBV/mrMTT). A two-dimensional record of the OD(t) function was made on Kodak SO 115 film by 16 mm cinematography, as a reflectometric tool, over an exposed area of the brain cortex during the bolus perfusion. Later, the microregional OD(t) functions were retrieved for analysis in a square array from the developed film by computer controlled, frame-by-frame scanning densitometry. Maps of mrCBF, mrCBV, and mrMTT were presented as square arrays of gray-scaled pixels. The maximal spatial and temporal resolution of the method was 0.015 mm2 (mrCBF), 0.004 mm2 (mrCBV), 6 maps/min (mrCBF), and 600 maps/min (mrCBV). PMID- 6801062 TI - Association of fibronectin and vinculin with focal contacts and stress fibers in stationary hamster fibroblasts. AB - We have recently observed a transmembrane association between extracellular fibronectin (FN) fibers and elongated focal patches or fibers of vinculin (VN) in G1-arrested stationary Nil 8 hamster fibroblasts, with double-label immunofluorescence microscopy (Singer and Paradiso, 1981, Cell. 24:481-492). We hypothesized that these FN-VN complexes might correspond to focal contacts, the membrane sites that are probably mainly responsible for attaching cells to their substrata, because vinculin is often localized in focal contacts. However, because fibronectin-vinculin associations may not be restricted to the substrate adhesive surface of the cell, it became necessary to determine whether some or all of the various kinds of FN-VN complexes which we described are in proximity to the substrate. Using interference reflection optics and double-label immunofluorescence microscopy for fibronectin and vinculin, many elongated (up to 38 micrometer) FN-VN associations were found to be strikingly coincident with focal contacts in the perinuclear area of extremely flattened arrested Nil 8 fibroblasts in 0.3% fetal bovine serum (FBS). In addition, the long FN-VN adhesion complexes were precisely aligned with the major phase-dense stress fibers observed at the ventral surfaces of these stationary cells with phase contrast microscopy. Fibronectin was neither associated with vinculin-containing focal contacts of Nil 8 cells cultured in medium with 5% FBS nor with vinculin negative focal contacts located at the extreme edges of stationary cells arrested in 0.3 FBS. Our time-course experiments suggest that early FN-VN lacking-focal contacts, which form at the cellular margins, develop into mature substrate adhesion complexes containing both fibronectin and vinculin, localized in the major stress fibers at the centers of sessile fibroblasts. PMID- 6801065 TI - Cerebrovascular effects of prostaglandin inhibitors in the gerbil. AB - Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) of 40-50 mm Hg has been demonstrated in the spontaneously breathing gerbil anaesthetised with barbiturate (60 mg/kg). CO2 reactivity has also been assessed at 2.8% change CBF/mm Hg change in arterial PCO2. In six animals pretreated with indomethacin (3 mg/kg), autoregulation was preserved although the resting CBF was significantly reduced, but CO2 reactivity was completely abolished. 1-n-Butyl imidazole, a specific thromboxane synthetase inhibitor, was used in six other animals (3 mg/kg), and this abolished CO2 reactivity while preserving autoregulation; the effect of this agent has not been described previously. Both drugs inhibit different pathways of prostaglandin metabolism and may interfere with normal CO2 reactivity in several ways. Two explanations are that prostaglandins constitute the final common pathway in effecting cerebrovascular response to CO2 or, alternatively, that the free radicals and ionic fluxes generated during prostaglandin metabolism are a coincidental source of the hydrogen ion changes required. PMID- 6801067 TI - Valproic acid analysis in saliva and serum using selected ion monitoring (electron ionization) of the tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. AB - A highly sensitive ion monitoring method for the determination of valproic acid in saliva and in serum has been developed based on the gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric analysis of the tert.-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. Extraction methods are simple and the techniques for derivatization are rapid and convenient. Selected ion monitoring was carried out using electron ionization conditions and a common ion m/z 201 (M+--57) present in valproic acid and the internal standard octanoic acid. The lower limit of sensitivity that has acceptable precision for assay purposes is 0.1 mg/l based on a 200-microliter sample size. The ion monitoring method (derivatized) was compared to a gas chromatographic method (underivatized) for serum valproate assays and found to be essentially identical. The assay methodology was used in a kinetic study of valproic acid in two normal subjects. Saliva levels of drug were found to give reasonably good correlations with serum total and with serum free concentrations of drug in both individuals.U PMID- 6801066 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous analysis of S-adenosylmethionine, its metabolites and the natural polyamines. AB - A method using reversed-phase ion-pair liquid chromatography with dual detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) analogues and the natural polyamines. The separation is obtained with a gradient elution and by adjusting the concentration of octanesulfonic acid used as ion-pairing agent, the ionic strength of the eluent, the pH and the acetonitrile content of the eluents. The SAM analogues are analyzed by UV detection at 254 nm and the polyamines by fluorescence detection after post column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde. The method allows the determination of the SAM analogues and the polyamines in one single run by direct injection of tissue extracts. The procedure is applied to the study in rats and in hepatoma tissue culture cells of the biochemical effects of alpha difluoromethylornithine, a potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6801068 TI - Myocardial infarction and factor VIII. PMID- 6801069 TI - Prolactin responses, menstrual cycles, and body composition of women runners. AB - Fourteen young women with normal menses participated in an endurance running program to investigate the effects of physical training on menstrual function, plasma PRL, and body composition. Body composition, measured by hydrostatic weighing, and PRL (basal and TRH-stimulated ) were determined initially and after each subject had increased her weekly mileage by 30 miles (delta 30) and 50 miles (delta 50). Mean (+/- SEM) total body weight did not change, but the subjects became significantly leaner (relative fat, 25.5 +/- 1.3% at baseline vs. 22.4 +/- 0.9% at delta 50; P less than 0.02). Thirteen women developed menstrual changes (mainly oligomenorrhea), but not amenorrhea. Mean (+/- SEM) unstimulated PRL levels were 16.8 +/- 3.1%, 16.9 +/- 2.4, and 11.5 +/- 2.1 ng/ml at baseline, delta 30, and delta 50, respectively (P less than 0.03 at delta 50 compared to baseline and delta 30). Mean ( +/- SEM) integrated TRH-stimulated PRL responses increased from 5002 +/- 462 ng/ml.min at baseline to 5748 +/- 609 mg/ml.min at delta 30 and 6535 +/- 552 ng/ml.min at delta 50, and were significantly different from one another (F = 4.01; P less than 0.04). Endurance training, without total body weight loss or extreme leanness, results in frequent menstrual dysfunction. Other authors have shown that young female athletes have an increased PRL response to acute exercise compared to nonathletes. One mechanism responsible for menstrual dysfunction in endurance-trained women may be frequent and exaggerated PRL responses to exercise and other stimuli. PMID- 6801070 TI - The frequency of androgen receptor deficiency in infertile men. AB - To ascertain the frequency of androgen resistance as the cause of male infertility and to determine whether endocrine abnormalities are a universal feature of the disorder, we measured the androgen receptor in fibroblasts cultured from the genital skin of 28 unrelated phenotypically normal men with idiopathic azoospermia or oligospermia. The amounts of androgen receptor were compared with those in genital skin fibroblasts from a variety of other subjects, including 10 men with azoospermia of known cause, 5 normal men, 28 subjects with disorders of androgen formation of metabolism of known cause, and 28 persons with documented disorders of the androgen receptor (testicular feminization and Reifenstein syndrome). The mean androgen receptor Bmax (amount of high affinity binding) was 12 fmol/mg protein or greater in 10 infertile men with azoospermia of known cause and in 6 infertile men with mild oligospermia. In fibroblasts from 1 to 4 individuals with severe oligospermia of unknown cause (less than 1 million/ml) and 8 of 18 subjects with idiopathic azoospermia, the androgen receptor Bmax was less than 12 fmol/mg protein. The mean value in these 9 men was not significantly different from that in subjects with testicular feminization or Reifenstein syndrome. Serum concentrations of testosterone and LH were normal in 6 of these 9 infertile men, and plasma production rates of testosterone were elevated in only 2 of the 6 men studied in whom the Bmax values in genital skin fibroblasts were less than 12 fmol/mg protein. We conclude that androgen resistance may be the cause of a significant fraction (40% or more) or idiopathic male infertility due to azoospermia or severe oligospermia, and that this disorder may not be manifested by a functional defect in the pituitary-testicular axis. PMID- 6801071 TI - Does 2-hydroxyestrone suppress prolactin in women? PMID- 6801072 TI - Dynamic evaluation of prolactin secretion in essential hypertension: evidence against hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic dysfunction. AB - Hyperprolactinemia has previously been noted in patients with essential hypertension and it has been suggested that the increased PRL levels in this condition may reflect reduced central dopaminergic activity. In the present study, PRL secretion was evaluated in 17 patients with essential hypertension and in 9 normal controls as an indirect index of hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic activity. PRL levels were measured basally, at night, and after TRH (200 micrograms, iv), metoclopramide (10 mg, orally), and L-dopa (500 mg, orally). Basal PRL levels were similar in both groups [essential hypertension, 301.2 +/- 176.2 microunits/ml; controls, 334.2 +/- 98.8 microunits/ml (mean +/- SD)]. No differences in PRL levels were found after TRH, L-dopa, and metoclopramide or during sleep between the 2 groups. When the patients were classified according to their PRA, no differences were noticed in either basal levels or the patterns of PRL response. It is concluded that PRL secretion is normal in patients with essential hypertension, which could be indirect evidence against reduced hypothalamic-pituitary dopaminergic activity in this disease. However, minor abnormalities not detected by PRL measurements could be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. PMID- 6801073 TI - The effects of pyridoxine on pituitary hormone secretion in amenorrhea galactorrhea syndromes. AB - Six patients with amenorrhea, five of whom had galactorrhea and elevated PRL levels, were evaluated on a metabolic ward. All had normal sella tomograms, normal thyroid functions, and routine laboratory evaluations. None of the patients had taken any medication in the previous 6 months. On alternate days, five patients received 500 microgram of TRH iv with the measurement of PRL, TSH, FSh, LH, and hGH; 500 mg L-dopa orally with the measurement of PRL, FSH, and LH; a bolus infusion of 300 mg pyridoxine (B6) with measurement of PRL, hGH, TSH, FSH, and LH; and 25 mg chlorpromazine (CPZ) im with the measurement of PRL, LH, and FSH. The patients were then discharged on 600 mg oral pyridoxine/day and were readmitted for a repeat of the complete protocol 21 days later. The patients were continued on 600 mg oral pyridoxine for 3-4 months with monthly evaluations of serum PRL, LH, and FSH levels. These evaluations continued for 3 months after discontinuing pyridoxine. There was no demonstrable change in serum PRL after acute or chronic B6 therapy, mor was there a significant change in the response of PRL to CPZ, L-dopa, or TRH. The mean basal PRL was 97.5 +/- 9.7 ng/ml and after 3-4 months of oral pyridoxine was 97.1 +/- 14.8. In addition, there was no significant change in LH or FSH levels in response to acute or chronic B6, TRH, L dopa, or CPZ. Neither acute B6 infusion nor chronic B6 therapy had any effect on TSH or the TSH response to TRH. Finally, acute B6 infusion had no effect on hGH levels and there were no paradoxical hGH responses to TRH. Two patients began having regular menses while on chronic pyridoxine. Their hormonal responses did not differ from those of the group, however. PMID- 6801074 TI - Immunoglobulin binding of thyroid hormones in a case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - This paper describes a case of hypothyroidism in a patient with Waldenstrom's disease in which the evidence of thyroid failure was accompanied by an abnormal binding of thyroid hormones in the gamma-globulin fraction. A 68-yr-old patient with Waldenstrom's disease appeared to be hypothyroid by clinical and laboratory criteria. Serum TSH was elevated; serum T3 (measured by RIA) was low, while T4 levels were undetectable or very high according to the method used. Serum free thyroid hormones were in the hypothyroid range, and both antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal thyroid antibodies were undetectable. The thyroid gland was normal at autopsy. Elevated binding of radiolabeled thyroid hormones by the patient's serum gamma-globulins was demonstrated by reverse flow electrophoresis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. This binding could be inhibited by preincubation of serum samples with unlabeled T4 and T3, but not with human thyroglobulin, rT3, DIT, or MIT. Immunoprecipitation of the patient's serum incubated with [125I]T4 or [125I]T3 showed that 56% of T4 and 30% of T3, respectively, were precipitated using an antihuman immunoglobulin M(IGM) serum; only [125I]T4 was precipitable (22%) by the addition of an antihuman immunoglobulin G(IgG) serum. The binding of the thyroid hormones by IgM and IgG, which reduced T4 and T3 availability for their metabolic action at the tissue level, could have contributed to the clinical picture. PMID- 6801075 TI - "Medical oophorectomy" using a long-acting GNRH agonist--a possible new approach to the treatment of endometriosis. AB - Five women with endometriosis were given a daily dose of a potent long-acting GnRH agonist, D-Trp6-Pro9-Net-LHRH (GnRH-A) for 28 days in an attempt to suppress ovarian estrogen secretion. The mean level of estradiol (E2) during sampling over 24 hours decreased (P less than 0.01) from 62 +/- 11 to 10 +/- 1 pg/ml at the end of treatment. Mean concentrations of androstenedione, testosterone, estrone and E2 on day 28 of therapy were similar to those measured in oophorectomized women. The level of FSH was decreased (P less than 0.001) during GnRH-a, whereas that of LH was significantly (P less than 0.001) increased, suggesting differing intracellular control mechanisms for release of the two gonadotropins. Desensitization of the pituitary was demonstrated at the end of treatment by a complete lack of acute response of FSH or LH to the daily dose of GnRH-a. "Medical oophorectomy" provides a new approach to the treatment of endometriosis. PMID- 6801076 TI - Characterization of the dopaminergic regulation of human prolactin-secreting cells cultured on extracellular matrix. PMID- 6801077 TI - High pressure liquid chromatography purification of human urinary samples for thyrotropin-releasing hormone radioimmunoassay. AB - Urine samples from healthy adult subjects and patients who had received TRH orally were prepurified in SP-Sephadex-C-25 cation exchange chromatography, subjected to reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) starting with 0.01 M ammonium acetate, pH 4, followed by 1%/min gradient of acetonitrile or isopropanol and assayed in a TRH RIA. Two TRH immunoreactive peaks (A and B) were detected by HPLC with an RP-8 column, peak A eluting at 4-10 min and B at 12 14 min. Serial dilutions of peak B produced a line parallel with synthetic TRH by RIA. Synthetic TRH added to urinary samples and urinary TRH immunoreactivity from TRH-treated patients were eluted at 12-14 min. These results suggest that peak B represents endogenous urinary TRH. Urinary TRH levels of eight normal human males and four females were 5.0 +/- 3.4 pg/ml and 5.2 +/- 1.2 pg/ml (mean +/- SD). These values are many times lower than those presented in previous studies. PMID- 6801078 TI - Hormonal evaluation of a large kindred with complete androgen insensitivity: evidence for secondary 5 alpha-reductase deficiency. PMID- 6801079 TI - Influence of metoclopramide on calcium inhibition of thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. AB - To investigate whether exogenous hypercalcemia influences the release of TSH from the anterior pituitary, 25 microgram TRH were injected iv in six healthy subjects who were pretreated orally with either 10 mg metoclopramide or placebo and infused iv with either calcium or saline. Under normocalcemic conditions, TRH raised the serum TSH level from 1.1 +/- 0.1 to 8.0 +/- 3.3 microU/ml (P less than 0.01). Exogenous hypercalcemia reduced this TSH response to TRH by 37 +/- 11% (P less than 0.02). Although metoclopramide was without effect on basal TSH release in an additional five healthy subjects and also left TRH-stimulated TSH release unaffected under normocalcemic conditions, oral pretreatment with the drug counteracted the inhibitory effect of hypercalcemia and restored a normal TSH response to TRH in hypercalcemic subjects. These results indicate that exogenous hypercalcemia may potentiate dopaminergic TSH inhibition in normal individuals. PMID- 6801080 TI - Nutrition and immunity. PMID- 6801081 TI - Pre-B cells; normal and abnormal development. AB - The immediate precursors of B lymphocytes have been recently identified in fetal liver and in bone marrow. Immunoglobulin genes, first of the heavy-chain gene family and later from one of the light-chain gene families, are selected and undergo functional rearrangements on one of each chromosomal pair during this stage of differentiation. Thus clonal diversity is generated among cycling pre-B cells that lack the surface antibody expression which characterizes their B-cell progeny. While the number of discriminating markers for pre-B cells is still limited, examination of bone marrow pre-B cells containing cytoplasmic mu chains but lacking surface immunoglobulin has already revealed an informative spectrum of early differentiation defects in antibody deficiency diseases and malignancies of B lineage. PMID- 6801082 TI - Expression of surface membrane IgG on pokeweed mitogen-reactive anti-tetanus toxoid antibody-producing cells. AB - Anti-tetanus toxoid antibody-producing cells, differentially expressing surface membrane IgM, were analyzed for the additional expression of surface membrane IgG. micron+ and micron- cells were rosetted with anti-gamma-ox red blood cells and separated by density centrifugation into fractions enriched or depleted of gamma + cells. These B-cell subsets were assayed for the production of IgM and IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody and total IgM and IgG. The results indicated that the majority of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody synthesis in the micron- fraction was by gamma + cells. In the microm+ fraction, however, both IgM and IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production was detected in the micron+ gamma- and micron+ gamma+ fraction. The inclusion of isotype-specific antisera during the first 2 days of culture further established that gamma was expressed on the surface of the majority of the precursors for IgG anti-tetanus antibody production in vitro. Studies performed to determine the culture requirements of micron- and micron+ cells revealed that production of IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody by both cell subsets was dependent on T cells and pokeweed mitogen. However, some micron- cells could produce IgG in the presence of T cells alone. PMID- 6801084 TI - Evidence against the practicality and cost-effectiveness of a gram-positive coccal selective plate for routine urine cultures. AB - A total of 899 urine cultures were evaluated to assess the need for and cost effectiveness of using a gram-positive coccal selective plate in the initial plating of urine cultures. Of these cultures, 437 were examined retrospectively and 462 were examined prospectively. Urines were quantitatively plated to three media: sheep blood sugar, MacConkey agar, and phenyl ethyl alcohol agar. Of all urine samples in both studies, 52% yielded no growth on any of the three media. Of all 899 urine cultures, there were only 5 cultures (less than 1%) in which a significant count of a gram-positive organism was detected only on the phenyl ethyl alcohol agar plate and not recoverable on the sheep blood agar plate. In each of these five instances, the need for the use of the selective plate occurred when a Proteus mirabilis strain swarmed over an enterococcus. The inclusion of a selective gram-positive coccal medium for initial plating of urine cultures is unnecessary and not cost-effective. When Proteus swarms on sheep blood agar, a sweep should be made with an inoculating loop from the sheep blood agar and streaked to phenyl ethyl alcohol agar or a similar gram-positive coccal selective medium. PMID- 6801085 TI - Time-motion and cost comparison study of micro-ID, API 20E, and conventional biochemical testing in identification of Enterobacteriaceae. AB - A total of 730 Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from 567 cultures were evaluated by a rapid kit method (Micro-ID; General Diagnostics, Morris Plains, N.J.; 4 h), an overnight incubation kit method (API 20E; Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), and conventional biochemical test methodology (mostly overnight incubation and some rapid methods) to compare the amount of laboratory effort required, timing, and cost parameters. We assessed the amount of technologist time expended, the time sequence of culture reporting to physicians, the number of isolates requiring repeat testing or additional biochemical testing, the number of cultures held due to the need for identification of other organisms, the cost of total work-up, etc. Cultures evaluated included urines, respiratory cultures, wound cultures, body fluids, genital cultures, and cultures from miscellaneous categories. A total of 64% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains processed by the Micro-ID method could be identified within 24 h of receipt of the specimens in the clinical laboratories, in contrast to the need for an additional day required by the API or conventional biochemical methods. The Micro ID method also required less technologist time (4.5 min) for set-up and interpretation than did either the API method (6 min) or conventional methods (7 min). Total direct costs (June 1981) per organism identified were: Micro-ID, $4.30; API 20E, $4.96; conventional biochemicals with commercially prepared media, $5.66. An estimate of 80% technologist time efficiency was made in all procedures. PMID- 6801086 TI - Computed tomography of intraarticular supination - eversion fractures of the ankle in adolescents. AB - Intraarticular fractures of the ankle in children known as the Tillaux and triplane fractures of the distal tibia are caused by supination-eversion. In order to determine the three-dimensional configuration of these fractures and the relation of the fracture to the growth plate and the joint, computed tomography (CT) was performed in one case with Tillaux fracture and in four cases with triplane fracture, besides conventional radiography and tomography. The Tillaux fracture showed two fragments. The triplane fracture consisted of two to four fragments representing three types of fracture, depending on type of investigation. Conventional radiographs could not differ between two and three fragment triplane fractures, whereas CT offered possibilities to register the epiphyseal and metaphyseal fractures in detail and the exact displacement of the fracture. In one case with a three fragment diagnosed by conventional tomography and CT, a four fragment fracture was revealed at operation. This patient had, in addition, a fracture through the anteromedial part of the growth plate without displacement. According to this and previous investigations, the Tillaux and triplane fractures represent at least five different anatomical pattern of intraarticular supination-eversion injuries. PMID- 6801083 TI - Characterization of hapten-human serum albumins and their complexes with specific human antisera. AB - Human antisera against trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin were fractionated by Sephadex G200. The fractions containing IgG were pooled and reacted with trimellityl 125I-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-125I-human serum albumin, and these mixtures were again fractionated through Sephadex G200. The resultant chromatographic profiles showed two peaks. The first peak contained hapten-human serum albumin-antibody as demonstrated by the precipitability of radioactivity with anti-human IgG. During these studies it was found that trimellityl-human serum albumin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin have different elution profiles and electrophoretic mobilities than human serum albumin. Trimellityl-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than either diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin or human serum albumin. Diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin elutes earlier and migrates farther toward the anode than human serum albumin. These results may be explained by swelling of the trimellityl-human serum albumin molecule due to the additional negative charges of the trimellityl carboxyl groups and loss of positive charges at basic amino acid binding sites of trimellityl. The lesser changes in diphenylmethane diisocyanate-human serum albumin may result from only the delection of positive charges on basic amino acids of human serum albumin since diphenylmethane diisocyanate contributes no additional charge. PMID- 6801087 TI - The longitudinal epiphyseal bracket: implications for surgical correction. AB - Surgical approaches to the correction of deformities in the skeletally immature hand or foot require adequate comprehension of the specific and changing chondro osseous anatomy of each lesion. Detailed macroscopic and microscopic examination of an abnormal metatarsal showed a trapezoid-shaped diaphyseal/metaphyseal osseous unit that was longitudinally bracketed by a functioning physis and epiphysis along the lateral side. Only the medial side of the diaphysis had a normal periosteum. The arcuate physis extended from the medial, proximal side toward and along the lateral side and then back to the medial side distally. The epiphyseal ossification center was a composite of initially separate proximal and distal secondary centers that had a extended toward each other within the laterally placed epiphyseal cartilage. We have termed this deformity a "longitudinal epiphyseal bracket." We suggest that in the skeletally immature patient, opening wedge chondro-osteotomy should not routinely be accompanied by interposed bone graft extending to either the split ossification center or the physeal cartilage. Such a procedure may induce a partial surgical epiphyseodesis with subsequent progressive recurrence of the angular deformity or cessation of longitudinal growth. Instead, based on our anatomical findings, and preliminary surgical cases, we recommend osteotomy accompanied by fat interposition comparable to the Langenskiold procedure for traumatic epiphyseodesis. PMID- 6801088 TI - Reagan Administration health policy. PMID- 6801089 TI - Role of prostaglandin E2 in mediating the effects of pH on the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin in the toad urinary bladder. AB - Acidosis inhibits the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin. Since prostaglandins are known to modulate vasopressin-stimulated water flow we investigated the role of endogenous prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production in the pH-dependent response of the toad urinary bladder to vasopressin. Graded acidification of the serosal medial resulted in a progressive decline in vasopressin-stimulated water flow from 26.6 +/- 0.5 mg/min at pH 8.4 to 1.7 +/- 0.6 at pH 6.9. In these bladders basal PGE2 synthesis increased from 5.09 +/- 0.51 pmol/min per g hemibladder at pH 8.4 to 18.8 +/- 2.8 at pH 6.9. The addition of that concentration of PGE2 produced by the bladder at pH 7.4 (4 nM) to bladders at pH 8.4 resulted in 62-71% of the inhibition usually seen at pH 7.4; these data suggest that basal PGE2 production per se and not other products of prostaglandin synthesis or other pH dependent events is responsible for the effect of acidosis. Preincubation with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors reversed in major part the effect of serosal acidification on the response to submaximal concentrations of vasopressin and completely abolished the effect of pH on near maximal concentrations of the hormone. An increase in PGE2 synthesis after vasopressin was not seen at any pH. These studies establish that increased basal PGE2 synthesis plays a critical role in the pH dependence of the hydroosmotic response to vasopressin and demonstrate that factors that modulate the response to vasopressin may exert this effect by changing the basal rate of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6801090 TI - Peripheral serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine kinetics in the low thyroxine state of acute nonthyroidal illnesses. A noncompartmental analysis. AB - The low thyroxine (T(4)) state of acute critical nonthyroidal illnesses is characterized by marked decreases in serum total T(4) and triiodothyronine (T(3)) with elevated reverse T(3) (rT(3)) values. To better define the mechanisms responsible for these alterations, serum kinetic disappearance studies of labeled T(4), T(3), or rT(3) were determined in 16 patients with the low T(4) state and compared with 27 euthyroid controls and a single subject with near absence of thyroxine-binding globulin. Marked increases in the serum free fractions of T(4) (0.070+/-0.007%, normal [nl] 0.0315+/-0.0014, P < 0.001), T(3) (0.696+/-0.065%, nl 0.310+/-0.034, P < 0.001), and rT(3) (0.404+/-0.051%, nl 0.133+/-0.007, P < 0.001) by equilibrium dialysis were observed indicating impaired serum binding. Noncompartmental analysis of the kinetic data revealed an increased metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of T(4) (1.69+/-0.22 liter/d per m(2), nl 0.73+/-0.05, P < 0.001) and fractional catabolic rate (FCR) (32.8+/-2.6%, nl 12.0+/-0.8, P < 0.001), analogous to the euthyroid subject with low thyroxine-binding globulin. However, the reduced rate of T(4) exit from the serum (Kii) (15.2+/-4.6 d(-1), nl 28.4+/-3.9, P < 0.001) indicated an impairment of extravascular T(4) binding that exceeded the serum binding defect. This defect did not apparently reduce the availability of T(4) to sites of disposal as reflected by the increased fractional disposal rate of T(4) (0.101+/-0.018 d(-1), nl 0.021+/-0.003, P < 0.001). The decreased serum T(3) binding was associated with the expected increases in MCR (18.80+/-2.22 liter/d per m(2), nl 13.74+/-1.30, P < 0.05) and total volume of distribution (26.55+/-4.80 liter/m(2), nl 13.10+/-2.54, P < 0.01). However, the unaltered Kii suggested an extravascular binding impairment comparable to that found in serum. The decreased T(3) production rate (6.34+/ 0.53 mug/d per m(2), nl 23.47+/-2.12, P < 0.005) appeared to result from reduced peripheral T(4) to T(3) conversion because of decreased 5'-deiodination rather than from a decreased T(4) availability. This view was supported by the normality of the rT(3) production rate. The normal Kii values for rT(3) indicated a comparable defect in serum and extravascular rT(3) binding. The reduced MCR (25.05+/-6.03 liter/d per m(2), nl 59.96+/-8.56, P < 0.005) and FCR (191.0+/ 41.19%, nl 628.0+/-199.0, P < 0.02) for rT(3) are compatible with an impairment of the rT(3) deiodination rate. These alterations in thyroid hormones indices and kinetic parameters for T(4), T(3), and rT(3) in the low T(4) state of acute nonthyroidal illnesses can be accounted for by: (a) decreased binding of T(4), T(3), and rT(3) to vascular and extravascular sites with a proportionately greater impairment of extravascular T(4) binding, and (b) impaired 5' deiodination activity affecting both T(4) and rT(3) metabolism. PMID- 6801092 TI - Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at 25 degrees C. PMID- 6801091 TI - Bilirubin diglucuronide formation in intact rats and in isolated Gunn rat liver. AB - Bilirubin diglucuronide (BDG) may be formed in vitro by microsomal UDP glucuronosyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.17)-mediated transfer of a second mole of glucuronic acid from UDP-glucuronic acid, or by dismutation of bilirubin monoglucuronide (BMG) to BDG and unconjugated bilirubin, catalyzed by an enzyme (EC 2.4.1.95) that is concentrated in plasma membrane-enriched fractions of rat liver. To evaluate the role of these two enzymatic mechanisms in vivo, [(3)H]bilirubin mono-[(14)C]glucuronide was biosynthesized, purified by thin layer chromatography, and tracer doses were infused intravenously in homozygous Gunn (UDP glucuronyl transferase-deficient) rats or Wistar rats. Bilirubin conjugates in bile were separated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and (3)H and (14)C were quantitated. In Gunn rats, the (14)C:(3)H ratio in BDG excreted in bile was twice the ratio in injected BMG. In Wistar rats the (14)C:(3)H ratio in biliary BDG was 1.25 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SEM) times the ratio in injected BMG. When double labeled BMG was injected in Wistar rats after injection of excess unlabeled unconjugated bilirubin (1.7 mumol), the (14)C:(3)H ratio in BDG excreted in bile was identical to the ratio in injected BMG. Analysis of isomeric composition of bilirubin conjugates after alkaline hydrolysis or alkaline methanolysis indicated that the bile pigments retained the IX(alpha) configuration during these experiments. The results indicate that both enzymatic dismutation and UDP glucuronyl transferase function in vivo in BDG formation, and that dismutation is inhibited by a high intrahepatic concentration of unconjugated bilirubin. This hypothesis was supported by infusion of [(3)H]bilirubin-monoglucuronide in isolated perfused homozygous Gunn rat liver after depletion of intrahepatic bilirubin by perfusion with bovine serum albumin (2.5%), and after bilirubin repletion following perfusion with 0.34 mM bilirubin. From 20 to 25% of injected radioactivity was recovered in BDG in bile in the bilirubin-depleted state; only 8-10% of radioactivity was in BDG in bile after bilirubin repletion. After infusion of [(3)H]bilirubin di-[(14)C]glucuronide in homozygous Gunn rats, 5-7% of the injected pigment was excreted in bile as BMG. The (14)C:(3)H ratio in the injected BDG was 10% greater than the (14)C:(3)H ratio in BMG excreted in bile. These results indicate that in vivo, dismutation rather than partial hydrolysis, is responsible for BMG formation. Incubation of [(3)H]bilirubin, BDG and a rat liver plasma membrane preparation resulted in formation of BMG (3.3 nmol/min per mg protein) indicating that dismutation is also reversible in vitro. PMID- 6801093 TI - Growth of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in brain heart infusion. PMID- 6801095 TI - Monoclonal gammopathies in the adult population of Finistere, France. AB - Three hundred and thirty-four monoclonal gammopathies were detected in the sera of 30 279 adults from Finistere. Monoclonal gammopathies (MG) are more common in Finistere than in Paris and their distribution is not homogeneous. IgG paraproteins are particularly common in the northeast of Finistere whereas IgM paraproteins are more common in the southwest. Family studies and the high degree of inbreeding would support the hypothesis that there is a genetic predisposition to develop MG but the occurrence of paraproteins among three non-consanguineous couples seems to favour the existence of an environmental factor. PMID- 6801096 TI - A double-blind controlled trial of lithium carbonate primary anorexia nervosa. AB - In this 4-week, double-blind, parallel group study, eight young women with primary anorexia nervosa were evaluated on lithium carbonate, and eight patients were treated with placebo and served as a control. All patients participated in a behavior modification treatment program. The lithium-treated and placebo groups were comparable on nearly all findings measured at baseline (t tests), with no significant differences observed except for calories per day, percent fat composition of the daily calories, "interpersonal sensitivity" on the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-90 (HSCL-90), "self-care" on the Goldberg Anorectic Attitude Questionnaires, (GAAQ) and "manipulation of others" on the physician-rated Psychiatric Rating Scale (PRS). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with the baseline measure as the covariate. Group differences appeared in the areas of "denial or minimization of illness" on the GAAQ, "selective appetite" on the PRS, and weight. Although the repeated measures ANCOVA for weight revealed a significant group-by-time interaction, indicating nonparallelism and invalidating the test for group differences, ANCOVAs performed for each individual time point showed greater weight gain in the lithium group at weeks 3 and 4. PMID- 6801097 TI - Bioavailability of lithium carbonate: single versus multiple daily dosing. PMID- 6801094 TI - Immunoperoxidase study of the secretory immunoglobulin system in colonic neoplasia. AB - The relation of the secretory immunoglobulin system in the colon to colorectal cancer and dysplasia has been examined by staining routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from cases of carcinoma, adenoma and ulcerative colitis for secretory component (SC), IgA and J chain. In carcinomas there was a close relation between SC synthesis and differentiation and a similar relation was apparent between SC synthesis and degrees of dysplasia in adenomas. In both morphological and functional (SC synthesis) terms degrees of dysplasia in adenomas resembled degrees of differentiation in carcinomas suggesting that the essential "switch" in the progression towards neoplasia may occur at the level of the adenoma and that invasive malignancy can arise from dysplastic mucosa of varying severity. Actively regenerating mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC) showed intense staining for SC as opposed to foci of precancerous dysplasia where, with one exception, staining was markedly reduced or absent, suggesting staining for SC could be useful in identifying foci of precancerous dysplasia in UC. In the absence of severe chronic inflammation, as in UC, the number of IgA-containing plasma cells was closely related to SC staining of neoplastic mucosa suggesting that SC may be important in the mechanism by which IgA lymphocytes home to the lamina propria of the colon. PMID- 6801098 TI - Verruciform xanthoma or xanthomatous transformation of inflammatory epidermal nevus? PMID- 6801099 TI - Dietary Aroclor 1254 in the milk fat of lactating beef cattle. AB - Excretion in milk fat of Aroclor 1254 (a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyl) by mature beef cows (Hereford and Hereford cross) was studied. Three groups of 6 cows each were fed primarily a corn silage diet characterized by 1) clean silage (stored in an uncontaminated silo), 2) silage stored in a silo coated with a sealant containing Aroclor 1254, and 3) clean silage to which 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per head daily was added (approximately 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight per day). Treatments were started approximately 3 mo prior to parturition and extended 1 mo after parturition, at which time treatments were discontinued, and cows and nursing calves were placed on pasture. Milk was sampled in the period between parturition and 132 days after discontinuance of treatments. Fat from the milk of cows fed silage from the silo which had not been sealed with the Aroclor 1254 product contained .69 to 1.59 ppm Aroclor 1254 throughout the 164-day lactation. Fat from cows fed silage from the silo treated with the Aroclor 1254 sealant contained more than ten times as much Aroclor 1254 (15.7 to 18.4 ppm) for 32 days as compared with the controls and then dropped to one-half that figure through the 164th day. Fat from the milk of cows fed 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per day contained from 119 to 150 ppm through the first 32 days and then dropped to 39 to 51 ppm through day 164. PMID- 6801100 TI - Physical and chemical effects of toothpastes on dental enamel. PMID- 6801101 TI - Chemical location of cadmium in developing rat molars. PMID- 6801102 TI - Immunochemistry of monkey salivary mucin. PMID- 6801103 TI - Glycosaminoglycan in the skin and urine of a Hunter syndrome patient with a specific skin lesion. PMID- 6801104 TI - Comparison of the allergenicity and antigenicity of yellow jacket and hornet venoms. AB - The immunologic properties of yellow jacket and hornet venoms were compared by measuring their reaction with rabbit antisera and human IgE and IgG antibodies. Anti-hornet venom rabbit serum showed precipitin bands unique to hornet venom and several bands crossreacting with yellow jacket venom. Anti-yellow jacket venom rabbit serum reacted with yellow jacket venom but failed to react with the hornet venoms. Most sera from patients who had had allergic reactions after vespid stings reacted with yellow jacket and hornet venoms in RAST analysis. A few sera reacted with only one of the venoms. RAST inhibition studies confirmed the crossreactivity of these IgE antibodies. The IgG antibody response of 14 patients was measured after yellow jacket venom immunotherapy. All had rising titers of yellow jacket venom-specific IgG. There was also an increase in the IgG antibody response measured with hornet venom in the majority of patients. The rise was significant with yellow hornet venom (p less than 0.02) but failed to reach significance with bald-faced hornet venom (p greater than 0.05). In IgG radioimmunoassay inhibition studies using yellow jacket venom-coupled discs, yellow jacket venom was considerably more potent than hornet venom. These studies indicate major crossreactivity between yellow jacket and hornet venoms. In this group of patients, yellow jacket venom appeared to be the primary allergen. PMID- 6801105 TI - Spontaneous hypothyroidism after antithyroid treatment of hyperthyroid Graves' disease. AB - Out of 54 patients with hyperthyroid Graves' disease 35 remained euthyroid after treatment with antithyroid agents and have been continuously followed from 1 to 9 yr (4.85 +/- 2.55 yr, mean +/- SD). In 4 patients an exaggerated TSH response to TRH developed from 30 to 111 months after interrupting the treatment and one of them became hypothyroid 50 months (5.0 yr) thereafter. The annual incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (exaggerated response to TRH) as calculated from the total number of observation yr was 2.5% and that of overt hypothyroidism was 0.6%. These figures are similar to those reported recently in 2 retrospective studies. PMID- 6801106 TI - Suppression of the night increase in serum TSH during development of ketosis in diabetic patients. AB - The alterations in metabolic parameters, circulating iodothyronines and serum TSH were studied during a 21 h period of insulin withdrawal in 6 young patients with juvenile type diabetes mellitus. Concomitant with the derangement of metabolic state a significant fall in serum T3 (in average 27%), serum free T3 (28%), and T4 (12%) was observed. SErum free T4 remained unchanged. Before and after the period of ketosis the normal diurnal pattern of high serum TSH at night and low levels during the daytime period was observed. During the period of ketosis the night level of serum TSH was significantly depressed (46 +/- 9% lower at 23.00 h, p less than 0.01) while no significant alterations occurred in daytime TSH. Both the variations in T3, reverse T3 (rT3) and night TSH were correlated to the increase in blood-3-hydroxybutyrate. The depression of the night surge in serum TSH may be of importance for the fall in circulating levels of active iodothyronines during the initial phase of illness, together with the well known inhibition of T4 deiodination to T3 in peripheral tissues occurring in acute illness. PMID- 6801108 TI - Alzheimer's disease: advances in clinical nursing. PMID- 6801107 TI - Familial inappropriate TSH secretion: evidence suggesting a dissociated pituitary resistance to T3 and T4. AB - The study of pituitary thyroid relationships of a 40-year-old woman, suffering from recurrent goiter, is presented. The characteristics of this case were the following: i) constant hyperthyrotropinemia (range 8.2 to 29 micro u/ml) despite high thyroid hormone levels (mean total T4:13.4 microgram/dl; mean total T3:255 ng/dl) and clinical euthyroidism; ii) this TSH hypersecretion is not regulated by an excess of T4, while a suppressive effect is easily observed with T3. Together with the clinical effects observed with administration of T3 and T4, this suggests that thyroid hormone resistance predominates at the pituitary level, for T4 while not T3; iii) evidence is presented for the familial distribution of the trait and its mode of transmission. The clinical aspect and the pattern of resistance exhibited by the propositus and her progeny appear distinct from those of previous observations of thyroid hormone resistance. PMID- 6801109 TI - Fragilitas ossium: a new autosomal recessive mutation in the mouse. AB - Fragilitas ossium, fro, is an often lethal recessive mutation that was discovered in a randombred stock of mice after treatment with the chemical mutagen tris(1 aziridinyl) phosphine-sulphine. The fro/fro mice have osteoporosis-bending and fracture of the long bones-that is associated with apparently normal cartilage growth. The roentgenological and pathological features are similar to those of the severe, often lethal recessive form of human osteogenesis imperfecta. PMID- 6801110 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C in the central and peripheral nervous system of the mouse. AB - The regional and cellular distribution of the high activity carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme (CA C or CA II) in the mouse nervous system was investigated by an indirect immunoperoxidase (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) method using cross-reactive antibodies prepared against human CA C. In the mature brain an overall strong CA C specific reactivity was revealed in the heavily myelinated nerve tracts, the main immunostaining originating from small, intensively reacting cells interpreted as oligodendrocytes and from the myelin sheaths. An obvious straining was also revealed in the choroid plexus cells, especially in their free borders, and in the erythrocytes of the blood vessels, while the glial cells of the retina similarly exhibited a strong reaction. In the developing brain, CA C was absent shortly after birth, but achieved almost the mature pattern of distribution within about 3 weeks. In the spinal cord most of the positive cells were found in the grey matter, their processes projecting towards the white matter. No reaction was obtained in the sciatic nerve fibers or in the neuronal or satellite cells of the coeliac ganglion. PMID- 6801111 TI - Specificity and sensitivity of immunohistochemical detection of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - The immunohistochemical detection of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor antigen (FVIII/vWF-AG) in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues was investigated using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. Highly purified human FVIII/vWF was used to raise rabbit anti-FVIII/vWF-AG serum. In addition to anti-FVIII/vWF-AG activity, the unabsorbed antiserum had anti-IgG, anti-IgM, and anti-alpha2 macroglobulin specificities. Following exhaustive absorption with these proteins, the antiserum reacted monospecifically for FVIII/vWF-AG in immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis, and PAP immunohistochemistry. Sections of normal tissues from six patients and a total of 43 neoplasms were examined. Treatment of the tissue sections with trypsin prior to application of the antiserum markedly increased the sensitivity of FVIII/vWF-AG detection. The positive staining for FVIII/vWF-AG was restricted to endothelial cells in both neoplastic and nonneoplastic tissue. In general, the hyperplastic endothelia in neoplastic and reactive tissues stained more intensely than those in normal tissues. Expression of FVIII/vWF-AG by nonendothelial neoplastic cells was not observed. FVIII/vWF-AG is a reliable marker for endothelial cells. PMID- 6801112 TI - Identification of carbonic anhydrase in chick growth-plate cartilage. AB - Carbonic anhydrase has been localized by immunocytochemistry in the cells and territorial matrix of the hypertrophic and calcifying zones of chick growth-plate cartilage. Adjacent epiphyseal and articular cartilage were not stained. By biochemical assay the activity levels were 61.3, 1.8, 34.7, and 703.3 units/g wet weight for growth plate, epiphyseal/articular cartilage, spongiosa, and blood, respectively. The role of the enzyme in growth plate is discussed. PMID- 6801113 TI - The exotoxins of Corynebacterium ulcerans. AB - The exotoxins produced by ten strains of C. ulcerans (two human, six bovine and two equine) have been studied. On the criteria of toxin-antitoxin neutralisation and immunoprecipitation tests using highly specific diphtheria and C. ovis antitoxins with crude toxic filtrates, (NH4)2SO4 concentrates, and partially purified chromatographic preparations of these, together with the presence or absence of inhibition of the action of staphylococcal beta-haemolysin, and the reaction produced when injected intradermally into rabbits, two toxins could be identified, namely diphtheria toxin and C. ovis toxin. There was no evidence for the production of a third toxin specific for C. ulcerans. Five strains produced both diphtheria and C. ovis toxins. In four diphtheria toxin predominated, but in the fifth C. ovis toxin predominated. Two strains produced only diphtheria toxin and two only C. ovis toxin, though there was good but not complete evidence that a third strain (Revell) also fell into this latter group. Considerable variation occurred in the concentration of each toxin and, where both were present, in the proportion of each. PMID- 6801115 TI - Helper cell factors restore antibody responses of allogeneic bone marrow chimeras: evidence for ineffective cellular interactions. AB - We investigated the nature of deficient antibody responses to SRBC in stable, fully allogeneic bone marrow chimeras. No evidence for a suppressor cell-mediated mechanism was found. Chimera spleens possessed adequate numbers of antigen reactive B cells to produce a normal antibody response. Using separated chimera cell populations and soluble helper factors, we assessed the functional capabilities of chimera B cells, T cells, and macrophages. Our data suggest that the failure of allogeneic chimeras to produce antibody is not the result of impaired B cell, T cell, or macrophage function, but rather that it is due in ineffective cellular interactions that normally result in the generation of helper factors. In vitro stimulation of chimera macrophages with LPS, and of chimera spleen cells with Con A, resulted in the release of soluble helper factors that were capable of fully restoring chimera B cell responses. PMID- 6801114 TI - Effect of twelve antimicrobial drugs on the colonization resistance of the digestive tract of mice and on endogenous potentially pathogenic bacteria. AB - Twelve antimicrobial drugs were studied for their effect on the endogenous aerobic potentially pathogenic bacteria (Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus faecalis) in the intestines and on the colonization resistance (CR) of the digestive tract. Three subclasses of antimicrobial drugs could be recognized: (1) those which suppress the CR following low oral doses (rifamycin, penicillin V, cloxacillin, fenethicillin); (2) those in which the CR is suppressed only following relatively high oral doses (amoxycillin); and (3) those in which no obvious suppression of the CR was noticed even following substantial oral doses (nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, co-trimoxazole, oral cephalosporins, piv-mecillinam and doxycyclin). Some of the drugs in the third category were found to suppress endogenous Enterobacteriaceae (nalidixic acid, co-trimoxazole, piv-mecillinam and doxycyclin) and S. faecalis (doxycyclin) at dose levels at which they did not decrease CR. PMID- 6801116 TI - Prevention of the in vitro myelosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids by interleukin 1 (IL 1). AB - We investigated the effects of dexamethasone on the formation of granulocyte/macrophage colonies by murine bone marrow cells cultured with colony stimulatory factors (CSF) in semisolid agar. Dexamethasone (10(-7) M) completely inhibited the formation of colonies in response to L929 CSF but had no effect on the response to CSF in the culture supernatants of the murine macrophage cell line, PU5-1.8. We postulated that a cofactor, interleukin 1, present in the PU5 1.8 supernatants was responsible for protecting colony formation against steroid suppression. Interleukin 1, isolated from culture supernatants of PU5-1.8 and from culture supernatants of human acute monocytic leukemia cells, blocked the inhabitory effects of dexamethasone on colony formation in response to L929 CSF. Moreover, dexamethasone inhibited colony formation in response to PU5-1.8 culture supernatants when interleukin 1 was absent. We also examined interleukin 2 for possible protective effects. Although crude interleukin 2 preparations (supernatants of spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A) blocked dexamethasone inhibition, purified interleukin 2 had no protective effects. These data indicate that interleukin 1 protects colony formation by a pathway that is independent of interleukin 2 and that supernatants of spleen cells activated with concanavalin A probably contain significant amount of interleukin 1. PMID- 6801117 TI - Control of IgM synthesis in the murine pre-B cell line, 70Z/3'. AB - The murine 70Z/3 tumor resembles a pre-B cell in synthesizing only intracellular mu-chains and no detectable light chain. However, one kappa gene is already rearranged, and after overnight incubation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), most of the cells are induced to synthesize light chain. The induced cells display IgM on their surface, but do not secrete IgM. Thus, 70Z/3 cells resemble cells poised at the pre-B cell/B lymphocyte border. We have examined synthesis and post translational modification of mu-chains in uninduced and induced 70Z/3 cells. Isolation of mu-chains and peptide maps demonstrated that both populations synthesize intracellular forms that correspond to membrane-specific mum and secretion-specific mus chains. These intracellular forms have completed only the first of the two glycosylation steps characteristic of eukaryotic cells. After induction by LPS, L chain synthesis commences, mum and mus synthesis are both increased twofold to threefold (due to an increased rate of synthesis rather than decreased degradation), and both complex with L chain to form mu2L2 tetramers. Furthermore, the glycosylation of a subset of the mum chains is completed, and these are placed on the membrane. However, unglycosylated mu2L2 tetramers can be placed on the membrane, so glycosylation is not a requirement. These data suggest that L chain may not be sufficient for externalization of mum and mus chains. These data support the idea that the controls of membrane placement and secretion of mu chains are post-translational and that different mechanisms operate for mum and mus chains. PMID- 6801118 TI - Mechanism of clonal dominance in the murine anti-phosphorylcholine response. I. Relation between antibody avidity and clonal dominance. PMID- 6801119 TI - Regulation of macrophage populations. IV. Modulation of Ia expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - The expression of I region-associated (Ia) antigens was studied in macrophages derived from bone marrow cell precursors cultured in L cell-conditioned medium (LCM) as a selective growth stimulator. Very few macrophages expressed Ia either while growing actively in LCM or when quiescent, after the removal of LCM from the culture. The addition of T cell lymphokines, however, stimulated the biosynthesis and membrane expression of Ia. Uptake of bacteria by the macrophage during exposure to the lymphokines produced a synergistic increase in Ia expression. The lymphokine-induced stimulation of Ia was reduced by the simultaneous presence of LCM, suggesting that growth and differentiative stimuli have opposing effects on Ia induction. All macrophage colonies derived from single precursors contained cells that could be induced to express Ia. PMID- 6801120 TI - T. cruzi: sensitization to macrophage killing by eosinophil peroxidase. AB - In this study, we report that trypomastigotes of T. cruzi coated with eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) become sensitized to killing by normal macrophages that are unable to kill uncoated organisms. EPO bound to the surface of the organisms without affecting their extracellular viability. The intracellular killing of EPO coated trypomastigotes could be inhibited by catalase and azide, suggesting that toxicity was mediated through the small amounts of hydrogen peroxide generated by the phagocytic event in normal macrophages and the peroxidatic activity of EPO. EPO-coated organisms could be killed in a cellfree system by the addition of H2O2 and either iodide, bromide, or chloride. Omission of H2O2 decreased but did not prevent the killing of trypanosomes by the cellfree system and this residual toxicity was abolished by catalase. This suggests that H2O2 generated by trypanosomes contributes to the death of EPO-coated organisms. EPO-coated organisms could also be killed extracellularly when exposed to normal macrophages at high parasite to cell ratios or when a high phagocytic load of another particle was given simultaneously. This effect could be inhibited by both azide and catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase. This suggests that enough H202 is released by phagocytosis of a high number of organisms to generate toxic concentrations of H2O2 outside the confines of the vacuolar system. PMID- 6801121 TI - Serologic identification of early members of the T cell lineage. AB - The SC-1 antigen, identified by thymus-absorbed rabbit anti-mouse brain antiserum, is present on multipotential stem cells. Its presence on cells of the T lineage has been examined by immunofluorescence, and we have demonstrated that it is also a marker for thymic development. Although it is present on the majority of fetal and neonatal thymocytes, its expression declines rapidly and, as early as 1 mo after birth, adult levels are reached. In normal animals, these do not change during adult life, even in mice destined to develop a T cell leukemia. SC-1 does reappear transiently on cells in the regenerating thymus of sublethally irradiated mice. Although the antigen is not associated with preleukemic changes in the thymus, it is expressed on some cells of all spontaneous T lymphomas, and it is uniformly present on tissue culture lines of T cell lymphomas. PMID- 6801122 TI - A phorbol ester (TPA) can replace macrophages in human lymphocyte cultures stimulated with a mitogen but not with an antigen. AB - A culture system was developed in which human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) depleted of macrophages did not proliferate in response to the lectin mitogen PHA or to the soluble antigen of tetanus toxoid. These cells were able to respond to both mitogen and antigen if purified autologous macrophages were added back to the culture. The response to PHA was partially restored by supplementing the cultures with supernatants from LPS-stimulated macrophages or with partially purified human interleukin 1 (IL 1). The response to tetanus was not restored by reconstitution with these materials. The phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), has been shown to have IL 1-like effects in other species and is a polyclonal activator of human T and B lymphocytes. In this study, we tested the ability of TPA to replace macrophages in human lymphocyte cultures stimulated with mitogen or with antigen. Small doses of TPA (50 ng/ml) completely replaced macrophages in the PHA-stimulated cultures; however, in doses of up to 400 ng/ml, TPA was not able to replace macrophages in cultures stimulated with tetanus. Thus, TPA appears to mimic the macrophage-replacing ability of soluble factors (IL 1, macrophage supernatants) in the triggering of human lymphocytes. PMID- 6801123 TI - Properties of a surface antigen expressed on activated human thymus-derived lymphocytes. AB - We have identified previously a quantitatively minor membrane protein (p28) with an apparent reduced m.w. of 28,000, which is biosynthetically labeled in activated human lymphocytes. Rabbit antisera with activity directed against p28 (alpha-ATC) were prepared and p28 was identified by immunoprecipitation in NP-40 extracts of activated, extrinsically labeled lymphocytes. p28 was not expressed in appreciable amounts by unstimulated T cells, stimulated or unstimulated B cells, null cells, or adherent cells. Protein p28 was only minimally represented on resting thymocytes but was easily detected on 4-hr activated thymocytes and the T lymphoblastoid cell lines HSB2 and MOLT-4. Absorption and immunoprecipitation studies with alpha-ATC indicated that p28 was not present on erythrocytes, platelets, neutrophils, six B cell lines, six null cell lines, and seven other T lymphoblastoid cell lines. Protein p28 from HSB2 cells was absorbed by lentil lectin, concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin affinity columns and was eluted with the appropriate sugars. Gel filtration column chromatography of unreduced p28 in the presence of 0.5% NP-40 or 0.1% deoxycholate gave elution characteristics consistent with a m.w. of approximately 60,000 to 100,000. In preparative isoelectric focusing (IEF) studies the isoelectric point (pI (p28) = 5.2 to 6.1) was similar or identical to that described for the reduced and denatured protein in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels (pI = 5.5 to 6.2). Protein p28 was eluted from DEAE-cellulose (Whatman DE-52) ion exchange columns at 0.05 to 0.15 M NaCl. Experiments with monoclonal antibodies or heteroantisera specific for other T cell and B cell antigens and various lymphoblastoid cell lines and normal peripheral blood cells indicated that p28 is distinct from the human Ia-like antigens, from T3, T4, T5, T8, and from several other reported human T cell antigens that appear to correspond to Thy-1, the sheep erythrocyte receptor, and a human thymus-leukemia antigen. PMID- 6801124 TI - Mechanisms of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice vaccinated with irradiated cercariae. II. Analysis of immunity in hosts deficient in T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, or complement. AB - Laboratory mice with genetic or induced immunodeficiencies were vaccinated with irradiated cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni and assayed 4 wk later for their resistance to challenge infection. Athymic nude mice failed to develop immunity to challenge or detectable antibody responses to schistosomula, whereas heterozygote (nu/+) controls and nude mice with thymus grafts displayed highly significant levels of resistance and anti-schistosomulum antibody. Similarly, no resistance or antibody production as observed in vaccinated mice that had been made deficient in B lymphocytes by the injection of anti-mu-chain antisera from birth. In contrast, normal levels of vaccine-induced resistance were observed in mice genetically deficient in the fifth component of complement (C5) and in mice decomplemented before challenge by treatment with cobra venom factor. These results indicate that the resistance to challenge infection induced by irradiated cercariae is both thymus and B lymphocyte dependent and therefore is likely to result from specific immune responses directed against schistosome worms. The data also argue against a role for complement in the effector mechanism of vaccine-induced immunity. PMID- 6801125 TI - Human helper T cell factor(s) (ThF). II. Induction of IgG production in B lymphoblastoid cell lines and identification of T cell-replacing factor- (TRF) like factor(s). AB - IgG-PFC was induced in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) by the addition of allogeneic T cells. T cells involved in the induction of IgG-PFC were shown to belong to the Leu 3a+/2a- T cell subset. Furthermore, partially purified soluble factors obtained from the culture supernatant of PPD stimulated pleural T cells or PWM-stimulated tonsillar mononuclear cells was shown to induce IgG-PFC in LCL across the major histocompatibility complex barrier. The induction of IgG-PFC was observed only in surface IgG-positive LCL cell populations and was not accompanied by the increase in the number of LCL cells. The factors with such a TRF-like activity were found in two fractions corresponding to the m.w. range of 18,000 to 25,000 (22K fraction) and 28,000 to 38,000 (36K fraction) by gel filtration. Isoelectric focusing of these fractions revealed that TRF-like activity of both 22K and 36K fractions distributed in the pI range of 5.0 to 6.0, and both fractions were found to be devoid of TCGF activity. These results appear to indicate that the factors act on the B cells in terminal stages to trigger final differentiation to Ig-producing cells. PMID- 6801126 TI - Analysis of the two-signal requirement for precursor cytolytic T lymphocyte activation using H-2Kk in liposomes. AB - Activation of primed pre-cytolytic T lymphocytes (pCTL) requires two signals: recognition of antigen (signal 1) and interaction with a nonspecific helper factor (signal 2). The two signals necessary for generation of a secondary allogeneic CTL response have been analyzed using H-2Kk in liposomes as the stimulating antigen. Use of the liposomes allows the alloantigen to be separated from responder cells after a brief exposure. Thus, the requirements for effective delivery of each signal could be studied independently. A 12-hr exposure of pCTL to alloantigen was sufficient for optimum signal 1 delivery. pCTL recognition of the antigen occurs during this time, and no requirement for adherent cells could be demonstrated. The structure of the antigen-containing liposomes affects the efficiency of pCTL triggering. Factor(s) necessary for signal 2 could be provided by supernatants from mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Alternatively, it could be generated with alloantigen, providing that adherent cells were present. Optimum interaction of factor(s) with pCTL, i.e., optimum delivery of signal 2, occurred only if factor(s) was present at 12 to 24 hr after interaction of pCTL with alloantigen. The results suggest that alloantigen recognition triggers pCTL to synthesize and/or express receptors for the factor(s). PMID- 6801127 TI - Resistance against Trypanosoma cruzi associated to anti-living trypomastigote antibodies. AB - A dissociation between antibodies involved in the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infections and those participating in resistance against this parasite is reported. Mice immunized with different T. cruzi antigens (frozen-thawed culture forms, glutaraldehyde-fixed blood trypomastigotes, "metabolic antigens" from blood parasites, and surface glycoprotein from epimastigotes) present only antibodies detected by conventional immunofluorescence tests (IFA) using fixed parasites. However, mice chronically infected with T. cruzi harbor both reactive IFA antibodies and antibodies against living blood forms (ALBA) detectable by complement-mediated lysis (CML). Challenge of the various groups of animals with virulent T. cruzi show that only mice presenting ALBA are strongly resistant. In addition, the antibody lytic activity is lost in mice parasitologically cured after specific treatment. Those findings strongly suggest that ALBA are good markers for monitoring protection in experiments of vaccination against T. cruzi. They also support our previous suggestion that the search for antibodies against living blood forms, detected mainly by CML, is an important element in establishing a reliable criterion of cure in human Chagas' disease. PMID- 6801128 TI - The interaction of human plasma fibronectin with a subunit of the first component of complement, C1q. AB - Fibronectin is a normal plasma protein that enhances reticuloendothelial system functioning, and may participate in immune complex clearance. The interaction of 125I-fibronectin with human C1 and C1q in vitro was investigated by employing a highly reproducible solid-phase binding assay in microtiter wells. We demonstrated that although fibronectin does not bind to antigen-antibody complex (BSA-anti-BSA) or immune complexes containing C1, a 20-fold increase in binding was obtained when the complexes contained C1q alone. In the absence of antigen antibody complexes, fibronectin binds to the C1q fixed to the wells in a dose response fashion but not to intact C1. C1q in the fluid phase inhibits 85% of the fibronectin binding to immobilized C1q. The amount of fibronectin bound by immobilized C1q or gelatin is approximately equal. The binding of fibronectin to C1q could be inhibited by the restoration of C1r + C1s to the C1 macromolecular complex before the addition of fibronectin. The inhibition was dependent on the concentration of C1r + C1s and achieved a maximum of 70% at 100 micrograms/ml. This inhibition could be reversed by the removal of C1r and C1s subunits with EDTA or C1 inhibitor. Digestion of C1q with pepsin resulted in an 85% loss of fibronectin binding. It therefore appears that at least one site of fibronectin binding to C1q is in the globular portion of this complement component. PMID- 6801130 TI - Evidence that antisera that react with products of the human HLA-DR locus may block in vitro antigen-induced proliferation by inducing suppression. AB - It is widely recognized that antisera that interact with determinants encoded by the Ia region of the mouse and its counterpart, the DR locus of man, are capable of interfering with the ability of monocytes and lymphocytes to respond in vitro to an antigenic stimulus. Using an in vitro assay that measures antigen-specific proliferation of human lymphocytes, we found that both a heteroantiserum raised in rabbits (anti-P29,34) and alloantisera which recognize determinants encoded for by the human DR locus dramatically block in vitro antigen-specific proliferation. These anti-DR antisera appear to act at the level of the monocyte; monocytes pulsed and washed free of excess antisera fail to promote proliferation in the presence of soluble antigen and untreated T cells whereas identically pulsed and washed T cells respond normally with untreated monocytes. Furthermore, the addition of unpulsed monocytes fails to restore in vitro antigen-specific reactivity. Our data suggest that membrane-bound anti-DR-specific antisera on monocytes is profoundly suppressive, and also suggests simple steric hindrance may not account for all of the observed effects such antisera have on monocyte-T cell interactions. PMID- 6801129 TI - B lymphocyte subpopulation defined by a rat monoclonal antibody, 14G8. AB - 14G8 is monoclonal rat antibody that recognizes an antigen found on 30 to 40% of B lymphocytes from normal mice and on approximately 65% of B lymphocytes from mice with the xid-determined immune defect. 14G8+ B cells from normal mice resemble B cells from mice with the xid-determined defect in that the median amount of membrane IgM expressed per cell is much larger than that of 14G8- B cells. The frequency of 14G8+ cells is highest in neonatal mice (approximately 55% of all spleen cells) and falls with age to approximately 25% of all spleen cells in adult mice. Relatively few lymph node or bone marrow B cells express the antigen recognized by 14G8. 14G8 also reacts with 50% of resident peritoneal cells and with red blood cells. 14G8+ and 14G8- B cell preparations were obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and by adherence to 14G8 coated dishes. 14G8+ cells responded with in vitro proliferation to both anti-mu and to LPS. Cell cycle analysis indicated that approximately 33% of these cells entered S phase in response to LPS and 38% in response to anti-mu. In contrast, 14G8- cells responded poorly to LPS (7% of cells entered S phase) although they showed good responses to anti-mu (40% of cells entered S phase). Thus, 14G8+ B cells, despite their similarity to B cells from mice with the xid defect, can proliferate to anti-mu, which B cells from defective mice fail to do. 14G8 provides a monoclonal antibody valuable in the description of functional B cell subpopulations. PMID- 6801131 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: induction of microbicidal activity in human mononuclear phagocytes. AB - Antigen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 patients with chronic Chagas' disease were examined for their ability to generate soluble factor(s) capable of activating human macrophages to a microbicidal state. Mononuclear cell factors (MCF) from all but one patient were capable of inducing macrophages to a state where they were able to kill trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. Macrophage microbicidal activity against this organism was nonspecific, because it could be induced by lymphokine from PPD-positive subjects exposed to heat-killed BCG or by concanavalin A stimulation of normal donors cells. A factor(s) generated by the stimulation of mononuclear cells from normal donors by T. cruzi antigen did not induce macrophage microbicidal activity. Opsonization of the organisms with specific IgG did not alter their fate in normal macrophages, but enhanced their killing in MCF-activated cells. Induction of macrophage activation in the human system differed from the results previously described in mice in a few features: 1) Optimal microbicidal activity did not require daily addition of the soluble factors. 2) The MCF dose-response curve was shifted to lower concentrations. 3) MCF activity generated by antigen-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes correlates with their proliferative responses to antigen. Half of the patients showed low proliferative responses and correspondingly lower MCF activity. Mitogen responses were normal in all patients. No correlation was found between low or high responses and clinical manifestations of disease. PMID- 6801132 TI - Murine epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor resembles murine interleukin 1. AB - We have previously described an epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF), which is produced by the murine PAM 212 keratinocyte cell line. ETAF appeared to be similar to macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) in its biologic activities and biochemical characteristics. Both IL 1 and ETAF augment thymocyte proliferation, enhance lymphocyte production of interleukin 2 (IL 2), and are 15,000 m.w. polypeptides that are stable at pH 4 to 11 and from -70 degrees C to 60 degrees C. In this study we describe a quantitative microassay to obtain standardized assessment of ETAF activity, which enabled us to further define the characteristics of ETAF and its relationship to IL 1. Just as stimulated macrophages produce more IL 1 activity, Pam 212 keratinocyte production of ETAF activity was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or silica. Increased levels were also obtained by mechanical disruption of confluent monolayers of keratinocytes and by blocking proliferation of the Pam 212 cells with hydroxyurea at the G1/S interphase. These observations in conjunction with a concomitant decrease in keratinocyte viability suggest that "injurious" stimuli that prolong the G1 phase of the cell cycle factor ETAF production. ETAF, like murine IL 1, has an isoelectric point of 5.2. The same subpopulations of PNA-thymocytes that respond to PHA and IL 1 are responsible for the enhanced proliferative response to ETAF. Furthermore, as in the case of IL 1, PNA- Lyt-2- thymocytes were most responsive to ETAF, but not PNA+ LYt-2+ thymocytes. Finally, ETAF activity, like IL 1, appears to be a mitogenic signal for fibroblasts. Although produced by different cell types, these observations continue to support the view that ETAF may be identical or closely related to IL 1. PMID- 6801133 TI - H-2 haplotype-specific conversion of the Ir gene phenotype expressed by low responder mice immunized with a p-azophenylarsonate conjugate of (T,G)-A--L. PMID- 6801134 TI - Regulation of macrophage-mediated suppression by purine nucleoside phosphorylase substrates. AB - Thymuses from dexamethasone-treated rats contain macrophage-like cells that completely suppress the proliferative response of thymocytes to concanavalin A. This macrophage-mediated suppression is abolished by low concentrations of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) substrates: deoxyguanosine (20 microM), guanosine (100 microM), and deoxyinosine (250 microM). Similar effects were observed when resident peritoneal macrophages were used. Deoxyguanosine regulates suppression by acting directly on macrophages. The mode of deoxyguanosine action on macrophages does not involve its phosphorylation and incorporation into deoxynucleotide pools. The significance of this regulation of macrophage-mediated suppression by PNP substrates to immune regulation in normals and in PNP deficient patients is discussed. PMID- 6801135 TI - Complement (C3b) interaction with the human granulocyte receptor: correlation of binding of fluid-phase radiolabeled ligand with histaminase release. AB - The interaction of C3b, the major cleavage product of C3, with its receptor on human granulocytes results in important biological functions, including phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and release of a variety of enzymes, including histaminase. We have determined the binding kinetics and isotherm of trypsin-generated fluid-phase dimeric C3b at both 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C using human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). At 37 degrees C the apparent number of receptors per cell was threefold greater than number at 0 degrees C (66,000 vs 21,000), and the affinity (Ka) was slightly less (3.5 X 10(7) M-1 vs 6 x 10(7) M-1). C3b dimer binding was specifically inhibited by a F(ab,)2 anti-C3b receptor antibody. C3b dimer induced histaminase release in a dose-dependent fashion at a concentration of 1 to 4 X 10(7) molecules/cell, whereas at lower concentrations a dose-dependent inhibition of opsonized zymosan-induced release was noted. These effects were independent of IgG. In contrast, C3b monomer failed to demonstrate measurable direct binding or to induce histaminase release. Histaminase release, however, did occur after incubation of PMN with affinity linked monomer (anti-C3 F(ab')2-C3b complexes). Monovalent complexes did not affect release. Monomeric C3, C3c, and C3d were without effect; however, affinity linked C3 and C3c did cause release. PMID- 6801137 TI - Interaction of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with rabbit C-reactive protein. AB - Rabbit CRP is similar to human CRP in structure, kinetics of appearance, and binding reactivities to phosphate esters and cationic polymers. CRP in rabbit acute-phase serum migrates either with gamma or with beta, pre-beta electrophoretic mobility, and distinct gamma- and beta-migrating species can be observed simultaneously in some sera. The present study shows that beta-CRP in serum is converted to gamma mobility during isolation and purification. Normal, acute-phase, or CRP-depleted acute-phase rabbit serum restores the beta mobility of purified gamma-CRP, a conversion that does not occur in the presence of EDTA. Serum CRP fails to adsorb to DEAE-cellulose but does adsorb to CM-cellulose, from which it elutes as gamma-mobility antigen. Chelation by EDTA or flotation and removal of lipoproteins from acute phase rabbit serum produces a gamma-mobility CRP that adsorbs to the anion-exchange resin. Lipid-containing fractions from ion exchange columns as well as VLDL (but not LDL or HDL) isolated by ultracentrifugation change the mobility of purified CRP from gamma to beta, pre beta. These changes in mobility are not observed in the presence of EDTA or phosphocholine. In acute-phase rabbit serum with CRP of both beta and gamma mobility, the beta form has a higher m.w. and is lipid-associated, whereas the gamma form is a lower m.w., lipid-poor molecule. These results suggest that in serum the association of CRP with lipoproteins, particularly VLDL, is responsible for its beta, pre-beta electrophoretic mobility. Further studies of the association of CRP with lipoprotein in relation to lipoprotein metabolism may provide insight into the biological role of CRP. PMID- 6801136 TI - Ipr gene control of the anti-DNA antibody response. AB - The influence of the Ipr gene on the anti-DNA antibody response was investigated in MRL and B6 Ipr/Ipr inbred mice, MRL +/+ mice less than a yr of age produced low levels of anti-DNA antibody, whereas older animals of this strain demonstrated levels in some instances comparable to those of the more severely affected MRL Ipr/Ipr mice. This result indicates a tendency to autoreactivity in MRL mice independent of the Ipr gene. To determine whether other mice bearing the Ipr gene would also express autoantibodies, the anti-DNA antibody responses of B6 Ipr/Ipr mice were studied. This strain was development by matings to transfer the Ipr gene into another inbred background and allow evaluation of the action independent of other disturbances of the MRL mice. Mice of this strain produced antibodies to DNA, with female animals displaying significantly higher levels than males. This result demonstrates that the Ipr gene can stimulate autoantibody production in mice other than the MRL strain and does not require abnormalities unique to this background to potentiate autoreactivity. PMID- 6801138 TI - The absolute quantification of human IgM and IgG: standardization and normal values. AB - Nephelometric, turbidimetric and radial immunodiffusion methods are described, which permit valid, reproducible determination of human IgM and IgG by weight. Subgroups of IgM, 7S-IgM and subclasses of IgG did not interfere with these methods. For IgG the International Unit represented a constant weight quantity in agreement with official WHO estimations. For IgM the IU was not constant and much lower values are found. It is therefore suggested that the IU should be abolished for human IgM and IgG. Absolute values for IgM levels are presented for both sexes and for age groups in the range of 5-80 years. The figures showed significant variation with sex and age. PMID- 6801139 TI - Non-specific precipitin reactions of IgG at low ionic strength. AB - Precipitin reactions apparently not involving specific antibodies were obtained in immunodiffusion experiments performed at low salt concentration between IgG and the muscle proteins, actin and tropomyosin. The precipitates, which dissolved at physiologic ionic strength, may result from electrostatic interaction of molecules of different net charge and different distribution and number of charged groups. PMID- 6801140 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of immunohistological methods on freeze-dried paraffin sections. AB - The application of freeze-dried paraffin sections for immunohistology eliminates many of the problems associated with the cryostat technique: the sections are thin sufficiently, the cell morphology is improved, there are no diffusion artifacts and the intensity of immunohistological reactions is superior to that obtained on cryostat sections. The preservation of antogenicity in freeze-dried paraffin sections is sufficient for the demonstration of light chain monotypia in lymphomas of B-cell origin. Indirect immunofluorescence is the method of choice for demonstrating surface Ig in freeze-dried paraffin sections. PMID- 6801141 TI - Genetic control of serum immunoglobulin G levels in the chicken. AB - Serum IgG (7S) levels differed significantly for chickens from 10 different inbred lines. Within lines differences between B blood groups were statistically significant. The genetic control of serum IgG was further examined using birds from B complex haplotypes marked at the B locus and the Ir-GAT locus. Birds from each of five subgroup haplotypes (B1B1 Ir-GAT-Lo and -Hi, B19B19 Ir-GAT-Lo and Hi, and B2B2 Ir-GAT intermediate) were tested for levels of serum IgG at 3, 6, 9, and 21 weeks of age. The rate and level of IgG reached in the serum was more than two-fold greater in the GAT-Hi birds than in the GAT-Lo. The Ir region of the B complex exerts some control over the ontogenesis of IgG, though most of the genetic variation seems not to be B complex associated. PMID- 6801142 TI - Reactivity of monoclonal antibodies against human leucocyte antigens with lymphocytes of non-human primate origin. AB - The phylogenetic distribution of antigens present on human lymphocytes was investigated by incubating human or simian cells with murine anti-human monoclonal antibodies and then determining the level of reactivity with a radiolabelled anti-murine IgG reagent. The monoclonal antibodies used were specific for a T-cell antigen, lymphoid and lymphoid:myeloid antigens, Ia antigens, and beta 2 microglobulin. The cells examined included B- and T lymphoblastoid cell lines and fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes separated by sheep erythrocyte rosetting into T-cell and non T-cell fractions. Results of these studies showed that the antibodies gave complete cross-reactivity with gorilla and chimpanzee cells while B-cell lines of orangutan origin had lost lymphoid and beta 2 microglobulin markers. Gibbon cells and cells of Old World and New World monkeys reacted strongly only with monoclonal antibodies against Ia antigenic determinants. These Ia antigens were found on the non T-cell fraction of fresh peripheral lymphocytes, on B-cell lines and on some virus induced T-cell tumour lines. Immunoprecipitation analysis using the anti-Ia antibodies showed a degree of molecular diversity on owl monkey and marmoset cells compared to the Ia antigens associated with human cells. PMID- 6801143 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to haemoglobin. III. Variant A beta (bm12) but not Ae (D2.GD) Ia polypeptides alter immune responsiveness towards the alpha subunit of human haemoglobin. AB - Mice bearing the I-A subregion mutation bm12 were immunized and challenged with the alpha -subunit of human adult haemoglobin. Under conditions in which parental B6/Kh mice respond, B6.C-H-2bm12 mice are inhibited nearly 100% in their ability to respond to challenge to the alpha-chain of haemoglobin. D2.GD mice which express a variant Ae (E beta) polypeptide of the I-E subregion can respond as well as B10.D2 mice to both subunits (alpha- and beta-) of haemoglobin. These observations as well as other genetic mapping data confirm the I-A mapping of alpha -chain-specific Ir genes and extend the genetic fine mapping to the A beta gene within the I-A subregion or a combinatorial Ia determinant generated by an interaction of A alpha and A beta. In addition they implicate the Ia.8 specificity in determining immune responsiveness to alpha -chain determinants. PMID- 6801144 TI - A marmoset T lymphoma which functions as a human amplifier T cell. AB - A long-term in vitro grown T cell line derived from a cotton-topped marmoset (Saguinus oedipus) infected with Herpesvirus saimiri was fond to share surface antigens with human amplifier T cells and to augment the capacity of human B cells to secrete immunoglobulin. This is the first demonstration of T/B collaboration across such a large phylogenetic barrier and might have interesting implications for understanding the nature of molecular interactions mediating cell/cell cooperation. PMID- 6801145 TI - Primary meningococcal pneumonia: a report of three cases. PMID- 6801146 TI - [Klinefelter's disease and leydigiomas. A report of one case (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present the case of a patient with Klinefelter syndrome who, at the age of 36 years, developed a multifocal Leydig cell tumour of the right testicle, presenting as hematuria. After orchidectomy, the patient developed an identical tumour in the remaining testes. This curious case of a patient in whom the clinical and laboratory features of Klinefelterer's syndrome, were masked by the Leydig cell tumour and vice versa, is analyzed. Study of this case, and a review of the literature of the three cases published in the past, offer no definitive solution to the problem of the possible link between the Leydig cell tumour and the Klinefelter syndrome, but a prospective study protocol is suggested with such an aim in mind. More careful clinical and laboratory evaluation of populations of Klinefelter's syndrome and Leydig cell tumours should provide a solution. More routine therapy of Klinefelt syndrome should possibly avoid the development of complications in the form of testicular Leydig cell tumours by causing inhibition of useless and excessive pituitary actions by the administration of androgens immediately after puberty. PMID- 6801147 TI - Alanine aminotransferase levels among volunteer blood donors: geographic variation and risk factors. AB - The incidence of elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the serum of volunteer blood donors from different geographic areas of the United States was evaluated. Five regional blood collection centers participated by collecting samples randomly from volunteer blood donors. Serum samples were centrally tested for elevated ALT levels, and a sociodemographic questionnaire was sent to donors with elevated ALT levels and to a randomly selected group with normal levels. Significant regional variation was found in the incidence of elevated ALT levels. Age, sex, and the use of alcohol were all significantly associated with elevated ALT levels. These preliminary data are important in the consideration of a program to screen blood donors for elevated ALT levels in serum. PMID- 6801148 TI - The enigma of non-a, non-b hepatitis. PMID- 6801149 TI - Every eighth Iowan. PMID- 6801150 TI - [Changes in isolative frequency of bacteria isolated from sputum during recent 10 year at Toranomon Hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801151 TI - [Basic studies on prevention of experimental salmonellosis(3). Protective effect induced by S. enteritidis SPA in mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801152 TI - [Studies on relationship between Staphylococcus aureus inhabiting human and staphylococcal food poisoning. 3. The outbreaks of food poisoning due to rice ball contaminated with staphylococci inhabiting human (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801153 TI - [Clinical studies of miloxacin for acute intestinitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801154 TI - [Dual infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and poliovirus type 2 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801155 TI - [The occurrence of Pasteurella multocida in bronchiectasis, Report of a case (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801157 TI - [A case of postmenopausal giant ovarian cyst with endocrine effect (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801156 TI - [A new method of ovulation induction with HMG-HCG by a E2 rapid radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. AB - We schemed out a new method of ovulation induction with HMG-HCG using E2 rapid radio-immunoassay (RIA). On measurement of E2 values, the method of E2-(125)I kit (Daiichi Radioisotope Labs., LTD) was simplified, that is, an omission of defatting, shortened incubation time and a standard curve constructed by three points. There was a good correlation between the E2-(125)I kit method and the E2 rapid RIA method in E2 values obtained. The lowest detectable amount was 75 pg/ml. This rapid method seemed to be suitable to monitor the extent of follicular maturation during HMG therapy. Our new method of ovulation induction was as follows. (i) On the basis of E2 values measured every 3 days, HMG dosage was adjusted. (ii) When E2 was over 400 pg/ml for 2 days, HCG was given on the next day. with this method, there was an increase in the percentage of ovulatory cycles from 54.5% to 100% and a decline in the incidence of ovarian enlargement and the ascites. This new method minimized inconvenience and expense of E2 determination without drastically influencing therapy outcome. PMID- 6801158 TI - [Dynamic evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary function in women with the syndrome of galactorrhea (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801160 TI - [Insulin Receptor in human placenta and its function]. AB - Characteristic of insulin receptor in human placental villi with relation to glucose uptake and glycogenesis was studied in vitro. The specific binding of 125I-insulin to placental villi membranes was measured significantly higher in early placenta than in term placenta, while Scatchard plots analysis showed curvilinear, which indicated the binding affinity was approximately the same between them. However the binding capacity was higher in early placenta than in term placenta. The addition of insulin to placental villi in vitro showed increased glucose uptake, glycogen content and glycogen synthetase I form activity both in early and term placental villi. The glucose uptake, glycogen content and glycogen synthetase (total and I form) activity were higher in early placental villi than in term placental villi, but there was no significant difference in glycogen phosphorylase (total and active form). Collectively, the data suggest the presence of insulin receptor in placental villi varying its concentration with gestational age, where insulin plays a role in adjusting glucose uptake and glycogenesis. PMID- 6801159 TI - [The change of plasma hormonal patterns following gonadotropin therapies (author's transl)]. AB - Plasma hormonal changes were analysed in the patients who conceived single or multiple pregnancy following the HMG-HCG therapy, with or without hyperstimulation syndrome. Serial plasma samples were collected from the cases who were administered HMG (150-225IU/day, for 7-11 days) and HCG (3,000 10,000IU/day, for 2-4 days) consecutively. Plasma levels of FSH, LH, prolactin (PRL), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17 P), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20 alpha-P), 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (DHP), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were determined simultaneously using specific radioimmunoassays. Quantitative and qualitative changes in plasma hormonal patterns which were characteristic of the single and twin pregnancies as well as that of hyperstimulation syndrome were elucidated. The case of pregnancy with hyperstimulation showed higher estrogen (especially E2) than that without hyperstimulation at initial HCG injection. In case of twin pregnancies the high levels of E2, progestins and A were stimulated and augmented in accordance with the increase of endogenous HCG secreted from the trophoblast. All the cases showed the decrease of DHA and the increase of A after ovulation, because of the suppression of delta 5 and stimulation of delta 4 pathway. These results indicate that in HMG-HCG therapy the major hormonal production shifts from the ovarian follicles to the atretic follicle and corpus luteum on quantitative or qualitative changes. PMID- 6801161 TI - [Influences of instability of cervical vertebrae and protein anabolic hormones upon posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine -experimental studies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801162 TI - Serum protein patterns of subfraction in patients with lung cancer and lung tuberculosis. PMID- 6801163 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC); findings in 40 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801164 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma with alternating paraprotein; non-secretory myeloma (IgG-kappa) converted to nonproducing myeloma, and finally to secretory myeloma (BJ-lambda) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801165 TI - Effects of nerves on cerebral vessels in stroke, cerebral edema, and hypertension. PMID- 6801166 TI - Radioimmune assay of human platelet prostaglandin synthetase. AB - Normal platelet function depends, in part, on platelet PG synthesis. PG synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) catalyzes the first step in PG synthesis, the formation of PGH2 from arachidonic acid. Inhibition of the enzyme by ASA results in an abnormality in the platelet release reaction. Patients with apparent congenital abnormalities in the enzyme have been described, and the defects have been referred to as "aspirin-like" defects of platelet function. These patients lack platelet PG synthetase activity, but the actual content of PG synthetase protein in these individuals' platelets is unknown. Therefore an RIA for human platelet PG synthetase would provide new information, useful in assessing the aspirin-like defects of platelet function. An RIA for human platelet PG synthetase is described. The assay utilizes a rabbit antibody directed against the enzyme is assayed by its ability to inhibit precipitation of the [125I]antigen. The assay is sensitive to 1 ng of enzyme. By the immune assay, human platelets contain approximately 1200 ng of PG synthetase protein per 1.5 mg of platelet protein (approximately 10(9) platelets). This content corresponds to 10,000 enzyme molecules per platelet. The assay provides a rapid and convenient assay for the human platelet enzyme, and it can be applied to the assessment of patients with apparent platelet PG synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase) deficiency. PMID- 6801167 TI - Recent advances in aerosolized medications. PMID- 6801168 TI - Effect of artificial photoperiods on plasma thyroxine-binding prealbumin and retinol-binding protein in Japanese quail. PMID- 6801169 TI - Biological and immunological properties of different molecular species of human follicle-stimulating hormone: electrofocusing profiles of eight highly purified preparations. PMID- 6801170 TI - The hemicastrated rat: definition of a model for the study of the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. AB - A comprehensive study has been made of the hemicastrated rat from 2 to 12 months of age in order to define what might represent an ideal model in which to study testicular regulation. Although there was no compensatory hypertrophy in the remaining testis of the mature hemicastrated rat, levels of plasma testosterone fell significantly within 4 h after surgery in all age groups older than 3 months, and were restored to normal levels almost immediately, usually within 8 h. There were no significant changes in LH and prolactin, and the significant rise in FSH was sufficiently delayed (2 days or more) to suggest that none of these three hormones was implicated in any obvious way in the compensatory restoration of plasma testosterone levels. Although a single testis was capable of maintaining normal plasma testosterone concentrations, its response to human chorionic gonadotrophin at 24 h after hemicastration was significantly less than that of intact animals, suggesting that the single testis was functioning at near maximal capacity. The hormonal responses to repetitive blood sampling and to sham surgery simulated the response to hemicastration remarkably. However, these responses were never statistically significant in within-group analysis, and therefore did not obscure the significant fall of plasma testosterone levels in response to hemicastration. The basic mechanism by which plasma testosterone is restored in the hemicastrated rat is still unknown, but the options have been narrowed. PMID- 6801171 TI - Hypothalamic secretion of thyrotrophin releasing hormone is decreased in male Japanese quail exposed to long daily photoperiods. AB - Adult male Japanese quail held under short daily photoperiods (8 h light: 16 h darkness; 8L: 16D) had significantly higher plasma concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) than did those kept under long days (16L:8D). When given a single s.c. injection of 50 microgram thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) the birds held under both the 8L: 16D and 16L: 8D photoperiods showed rapid increases in their blood concentrations of TSH, T4 and T3, the amplitude of the TSH response of the birds exposed to 16L: 8D being particularly marked. These results suggest that, in the male quail, long daily photoperiods produce a hypothyroid state as a result of diminished TRH secretion. The synthetic and secretory capacities of the thyroid gland and pituitary thyrotrophs are apparently unimpaired by long days. PMID- 6801172 TI - Effects of glucocorticoids and disodium cromoglycate on avidin production in chick tissues. AB - The effects of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids and a membrane stabilizer (disodium cromoglycate) on avidin induction were studied. Chicks were primed for 0, 3 or 7 days with diethylstilboestrol (DES; 0.5 mg/day per animal, s.c.). Actinomycin D (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) stimulated avidin production in the oviduct, intestine, lung and wing muscle of both DES-primed and unprimed chicks. Prednisolone (5 mg/animal, i.m.) given 1 h before actinomycin D reduced the avidin amounts to control levels in the unprimed oviducts and in non-oviductal tissues. The signs of inflammation (ascites, oedema) in chicks receiving actinomycin D also disappeared with prednisolone premedication. Cortisol (50 mg/animal, i.m. or 1, 5 or 50 microgram/ml medium), prednisolone (5 mg/animal, i.m. or 0.5, 5, 10 or 50 microgram/ml medium) and dexamethasone (1 mg/animal, i.m. or 0.05 or 0.5 microgram/ml medium) stimulated avidin production in DES primed oviducts in vivo and in vitro. Culture in vitro induced avidin production in lung and oviduct but not in wing muscle. This avidin production in culture was not inhibited by cortisol, prednisolone or disodium cromoglycate. It is concluded that actinomycin D induces avidin production through its inflammatory effect and that the induction can be prevented by anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids. It is proposed that the 'spontaneous' avidin production in culture is not the effect of trauma during tissue preparation but rather a new form of avidin induction. PMID- 6801173 TI - Migration of materials and microorganisms in the dental pulp of dogs and rats. PMID- 6801174 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in the chick embryo chorioallantois: regional distribution and vitamin D regulation. PMID- 6801175 TI - Polymorphism and specificity of positioning of contractile vacuole pores in a ciliate, Chilodonella steini. AB - The unicellular ciliate Chilodonella steini has a well-defined flat and ciliated ventral field. During divisional morphogenesis two sets of new contractile vacuole pores (CVPs) are formed on this field. During final pattern formation some of these CVP primordia and the old parental set of CVPs are completely resorbed. Primary patterns of distribution of the CVP primordia and final pattern of distribution of the matured CVPs manifest an intraclonal polymorphism. From analysis of this polymorphism some features of mechanism(s) of CVP pattern determination are deduced: 1. There is a strict, short-distance negative control of appearance of CVP primordia at sites of oral morphogenesis and around the ventral field. 2. Certain indeterminacy of large-scale patterning of CVP primordia is observed over the area competent to yield CVP formation. However, within this area three longitudinal sectors with a high probability of occurrence of CVP primordia are alternated with sectors nearly deprived of their occurrence. 3. Positive control of probability of occurrence and of specificity of location is found for certain CVP primordia. An interaction of mechanism of positioning on cellular longitudes and latitudes is proposed to account for these facts. 4. The resorption of supernumerary CVP primordia does not alter the character of the global map of distribution of CVP primordia achieved during primary pattern formation. The primordia located at some latitudes persist, whereas others are resorbed at random. It is suggested that all CVP primordia which do not mature at the time of stabilization of divisional morphogenesis are resorbed. Thus the global map of CVPs distribution would result from the sum of the individual determinations of the fates of each CVP primordium, superimposed on an initial spatially non-uniform distribution of CVP primordia. PMID- 6801176 TI - The control of somitogenesis in mouse embryos. AB - Somitogenesis in the mouse embryo commences with the generation of presumptive somitic mesoderm at the primitive streak and in the tail-bud mesenchyme. The presumptive somitic mesoderm is then organized into somite primordia in the presomitic mesoderm. These primordia undergo morphogenesis leading to the segmentation of somites at the cranial end of the presomitic mesoderm. Somite sizes at the time of segmentation vary according to the position of the somite in the body axis: the size of lumbar and sacral somites is nearly twice that of upper trunk somites and of tail somites. The size of the presomitic mesoderm, which is governed by the balance between the addition of cells at the caudal end and the removal of somites at the cranial end, changes during embryonic development. Somitogenesis is disturbed during the compensatory growth of mouse embryos which have suffered a drastic size reduction at the primitive-streak and early-organogenesis stages. The formation of somites is retarded and the upper trunk somites are formed at a smaller size. The embryo also follows an entirely different growth profile, but a normal body size is restored by the early foetal stage. The somite number is regulated to normal and this is brought about by an altered rate of somite formation and the adjustment of somite size in proportion to the whole body size. It is proposed that axis formation and somitogenesis are related morphogenetic processes and that embryonic growth controls the kinetics of somitogenesis, namely by regulating the number of cells allocated to each somite and the rate of somite formation. PMID- 6801177 TI - Requirement for three signals in "T-independent" (lipopolysaccharide-induced) as well as in T-dependent B cell responses. AB - The requirements for different activation signals in the generation of plaque forming cell (PFC) responses by positively selected B (surface immunoglobulin positive) cells were analyzed in low-density cultures to minimize the possible effects of contaminating T cells. Using this system, it is demonstrated that not only in T helper cell (TH)-dependent but also in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dependent (i.e., so-called T-independent) PFC responses, the resting B cells have to receive at least three different signals: (a) a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-specific TH signal that can be bypassed by LPS, (b) an antigen signal, and (c) a second TH signal medicated by MHC- and antigen-unspecific helper factor(s) for B cell responses (BHF) that cannot by bypassed by LPS. Specifically, contact of surface immunoglobulin-positive cells with cloned allo-I A-specific TH or LPS induced a polyclonal PFC response without significant proliferation, whereas contact with BHF alone (obtained as supernatants from different cloned TH, EL-4 thymoma cells, or secondary mixed leukocyte culture cells) had no effect. Only when LPS, antigen, and BHF, or, alternatively, allo-TH (producing themselves BHF) and antigen were present did clonally expanded PFC responses occur. Thus, the data indicate that both an LPS (or specific TH) signal and an antigen signal are required to render the B cells responsive to BHF. BHF seems to act essentially as a nonspecific growth factor, whereas differentiation into antibody-secreting cells appears to be a preprogrammed consequence of B cell activation by an LPS or specific TH signal. PMID- 6801178 TI - Helper activity is required for the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - B6.T1a(a) (Qa-1(a)) mice that are primed in vivo and restimulated in vitro with Qa-1 congenic spleen cells from B6 (Qa-1(b)) animals are unable to generate anti Qa-1(b) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). This nonresponsive pattern was observed regardless of the route of immunization or the time of testing in vitro. Although B6.T1a(a) mice are nonresponders to Qa-1(b) when presented on B6 cells, these mice can generate anti-Qa-1(b) CTL when primed in vivo with Qa-1 and H-Y alloantigens (females primed with B6 male cells) or Qa-1 and minor-H- alloantigens (primed with sex-matched A.BY cells). Therefore, the inability to generate anti-Qa-1(b) CTL is due to a lack of helper or accessory antigens on B6 immunizing cells obligatory during in vivo priming, rather than an absence of anti-Qa-1(b) CTL precursors (CTL-P). Demonstration that the additional determinants required during in vivo priming actually function as carrier or helper determinants was shown by the requirement for linked recognition of Qa-1 and the helper determinants (H-Y) in vivo, and the fact that H-Y was not present on susceptible target ceils. Animals primed in vivo with H-Y only could not generate anti-Qa-1 CTL activity when challenged in vitro with both Qa-1 and H-Y, indicating that recognition of the helper determinant causes in vivo priming of CTL-P rather than generating helper activity that might activate unprimed CTL-P in vitro. Whereas unprimed peripheral CTL-P require the presence of both Qa-1 (CTL) and H-Y (helper) determinants for successful in vivo priming, helper determinants were not required in vitro because primed CTL-P from B6.T1a(a) mice could be driven to CTL in vitro using sex-matched B6 stimulator cells. The generation of anti-Qa-1(b) CTL is under immune response (Ir) gene control because F(1) mice, obtained by crossing responder A/J with nonresponder B6.T1a(a) animals, generated CTL to the Qa-1(b) alloantigen when presented on B6 spleen cells. Progeny testing of backcross mice further demonstrated that the Ir gene(s) is linked to the H-2 complex. These data indicate that an H-2-linked Ir gene controls the recognition of helper determinants required for CTL priming in vivo. These helper determinants can be distinguished from CTL determinants and both must be recognized together for successful priming of CTL-P. PMID- 6801180 TI - Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. II. C8 and C9 release C5b67 from the surface of Salmonella minnesota S218 because the terminal complex does not insert into the bacterial outer membrane. AB - The mechanism for consumption of terminal complement components and release of bound components from the surface of serum-resistant salmonella minnesota S218 was studied. Consumption of C8 and C9 by S218 occurred through interaction with C5b67 on the bacterial surface because C8 and C9 were consumed when added to S218 organisms previously incubated in C8-deficient serum and washed to remove all C5b67 on the bacterial surface because C8 and C9 were consumed when added to S218 organisms previously incubated in C8- deficient serum and washed to remove al but cell bound C5b67. Rapid release of (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 from the membrane of S218 was dependent on binding of C8 because (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 deposition in C8D serum was stable and was twofold higher in C8D than in PNHA, and addition of purified C8 or C8 and C9 to S218 previously incubated in C8D serum caused rapid release of (125)I C5 and (125)I C7 from the organism. Analysis by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation of the fluid phase from the reaction of S218 and 10 percent PNHS revealed a peak consistent with SC5b-9, in which the C9:C7 ratio was 3.3:1, but the NaDOC extracted bound C5b-9 complex sedimented as a broad peak with C9:C7 of less than 1.2:1. Progressive elution of C5b67 and C5b-9 from S218 but not serum-sensitive S. minnesota Re595 was observed with incubation in buffers of increasing ionic strength. Greater than 90 percent of the bound counts of (125)I C5 or (125)I C9 were released from S218 by incubation in 0.1 percent trypsin, but only 57 percent of (125)I C9 were released by treatment of Re595 with trypsin. These results are consistent with the concept that C5b-9 forms on the surface of the serum-sensitive S. minnesota S218 in normal human serum, but the formed complex is released and is not bactericidal for S218 because it fails to insert into hydrophobic outer membrane domains. PMID- 6801179 TI - Studies on the mechanism of bacterial resistance to complement-mediated killing. I. Terminal complement components are deposited and released from Salmonella minnesota S218 without causing bacterial death. AB - The mechanism of resistance of gram-negative bacteria to killing by complement was investigated. Complement consumption and uptake of purified, radiolabeled complement components on bacteria was studied using a serum- sensitive and a serum-resistant strain of Salmonella minnesota. Twice as many molecules of (125)I C3 were bound per colony-forming unit (CFU) of the smooth, serum-resistant S. minnesota S218 as were bound per CFU of the rough, serum-sensitive S. minnesota Re595 in 10 percent pooled normal human serum (PNHS), although 75-80 percent of C3 was consumed by both organisms. Hemolytic titrations documented total consumption of C9 by 5 min and more than 95 percent consumption of C5 and C7 by 15 min in the reaction with S218 with 10 percent PNHS. In contrast, negligible C5 depletion, 10 percent C7 consumption, and only a 26 percent decrease in C9 titer occurred with the serum-sensitive Re595. Binding of (125)I C5, (125)I C7, and (125)I C9 to S218 and Re595 was measured in 10 percent PNHS. A total of 6,600 molecules C5/CFU, 5,200 molecules C7/CFU, and 3,100 molecules C9/CFU bound to S218 after 5-10 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, but 50-70 percent of the C5, C7, and C9 bound to S218 was released from the organism during incubation at 37 degrees C for 60 min. Binding of 2,000 molecules C5/CFU, 1,900 molecules C7/CFU, and 9,000 molecules C9/CFU to Re595 was achieved by 20 min and was stable. The ratio of bound C9 molecules to bound C7 molecules, measured using (131)I C9 and (125)I C7, was constant for both organisms after 15 min and was 4.3:1 on Re595 and 0.65:1 on S218 in 10 percent PNHS. With addition of increasing amounts of purified, unlabeled (29 to 10 percent PNHS, there was no change in the C9:C7 ratio on Re595. However, with S218 there was a linear increase of the C9:C7 ratio, which approached the ratio on Re595. There was no (14)C release from S218 incubated in PNHS, nor was there evidence by electron microscopy of outer membrane damage to S218. Therefore, S. minnesota S218 is resistant to killing by PNHS, despite the fact that the organism consumes terminal complement components efficiently and that terminal components are deposited on the surface in significant amounts. The C5b-9 complex is released from the surface of S218 without causing lethal outer membrane damage. PMID- 6801181 TI - Human b-cell differentiation. I. Analysis of immunoglobulin heavy chain switching using monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin M, G, and A antibodies and pokeweed mitogen induced plasma cell differentiation. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the immunoglobulin isotypes expressed by B lymphocyte precursors of IgM, IgG, IgA, and IgA2 plasma cells. Plasma-cell differentiation was induced by the addition of pokeweed mitogen to cultures of blood mononuclear cells. Anti-mu, -gamma, -alpha, and -alpha 1 antibodies were used in some experiments to inhibit differentiation of B lymphocytes bearing these heavy chain isotypes, and for selective removal of B lymphocyte precursors before culture with pokeweed mitogen in other experiments. Three major subpopulations of B lymphocyte precursors were identified: (a) a subpopulation of surface (s) IgM+ precursors of IgM plasma cells that did not express IgG or IgA isotypes, (b) a subpopulation of sIgG+ precursors of IgG plasma cells of which approximately one-half bore some IgM and none had detectable IgA receptors, and (c) a subpopulation of sIgA+ precursors of IgA plasma cells; one half of these precursors could be shown to express functional IgM receptors but none were found to express IgG receptors. The sIgA subpopulation could be further subdivided into sIgA1+ precursors of IgA1 plasma cells and IgA1-negative precursors of IgA2 plasma cells. These results suggest that normal human B cells can switch from mu directly to each of the other heavy chain isotypes, and that these represent the main switch pathways. PMID- 6801182 TI - Lack of mature B cells in nude mice with X-linked immune deficiency. AB - Mice were bred that simultaneously expressed the mutations nude and x-linked immune deficiency (xid). These doubly deficient animals had less than 10% of normal serum immunoglobulin levels. Their spleen cells did not respond to thymus independent antigens in vitro nor did they respond to lipopolysaccharide. There was a virtual absence of cells with surface mu, kappa, or lambda 1, as detected by fluorescence. Sections of lymphoid organs revealed an absence of primary B cell follicles. Taken together, these results indicate a lack of mature B cells in nude xid mice. The possibility is considered that mature B cells belong to two subpopulations representing two lineages, one controlled by alleles at the xid locus and the other by alleles at the nude locus. PMID- 6801184 TI - Murine interstitial nephritis. I. Analysis of disease susceptibility and its relationship of pleiomorphic gene products defining both immune-response genes and a restrictive requirement for cytotoxic T cells at H-2K. AB - Anti-tubular basement membrance (alpha TBM) disease-producing interstitial nephritis in mice is not dependent on the generation of alpha TBM antibodies. Susceptibility seems to be defined by very private specificities in H-2K. These specificities are pleiomorphic, providing both immune-response genes and identity restrictions for cytotoxic effector functions expressed by a Thy-1.2+, Lyt-2,3+ T cell. These studies establish a role for T cells in the pathogenesis in interstitial nephritis as well as providing further evidence for the role of H-2K in the expression of an autoimmune disease. PMID- 6801183 TI - Role of the thymus in directing the development of a subset of B lymphocytes. AB - In an effort to evaluate the role of the thymus in influencing the development of Lyb-5- B lymphocytes, mice expressing both the xid and nu gene defects were studied. Mice expressing either of these defects respond to both trinitrophenylated Brucellus abortus and lipopolysaccharide; whereas mice with the combined defect show markedly suppressed responses. The other abnormalities included: (a) greater than 80 percent diminution of serum Ig levels; (b) significant increase in the number of sIgM+ sIgD- B lymphocytes; (c) reduced expression of IgD on sIgD+ cells; and (d) a strikingly abnormal histology of their lymphoid tissue. Because nu/nu mice that do not express the xid defect appear relatively normal, it would suggest that the development of Lyb-5- B lymphocytes require a thymic influence for normal maturation, whereas, Lyb-5+ B lymphocytes are relatively independent of such influences. PMID- 6801185 TI - Regulation of arachidonic acid metabolism by macrophage activation. AB - Levels of zymosan-induced arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism by peritoneal macrophages elicited with inflammatory agents and resident macrophages were similar. Thyioglycollate (THIO)-elicited macrophages represented the exception; however, the diminished metabolism by these cells was reproduced by exposing resident cells to 5 mg/ml THIO broth in vitro. In contrast, reduced prostaglandin synthesis by macrophages from mice variously treated with the immunologic agents, Corynebacterium parvum or Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG), closely correlated with enhanced antitoxoplasma activity, one measure of macrophage activation. This relationship, although not causative, suggested that the capacity for 20:4 metabolism is a function of the macrophage activation state. Modulation of macrophage 20:4 metabolism in vivo apparently required factors in addition to lymphocyte-derived products. Treatment of resident macrophages in vitro with BCG lymphokine was without effect on 20:4 release or prostaglandin synthesis. Activated macrophages from animals inoculated i.p. with C. parvum exhibited reduced 20:4 release and also failed to metabolize 70% of the 20:4 released in response to a zymosan stimulus. Consequently, the quantities of 20:4 metabolites formed were significantly less than expected from 20:4 release. These activated macrophages displayed greatly reduced synthesis of prostacylcin and leukotriene C compared with other 20:4 metabolites. It appeared that factors that regulate macrophage 20:4 metabolism influence the level of the inducible phospholipase and synthetic enzymes for specific 20:4 oxygenated products. PMID- 6801187 TI - B lymphocyte immune response gene phenotype is genetically determined. AB - We examined the effects of the developmental milieu on the capacity of B cells to undergo immune response gene-controlled, T cell-dependent polyclonal proliferation. Although I-Aq poly(Glu60 Ala30 Tyr10)n (GAT)-nonresponder T cells developing in a responder environment become phenotypic GAT-responders, I-Aq B cells remain unresponsive to GAT, even after maturation in a GAT-responder animal. Conversely, (B10.A x B10.Q)F1 ([GAT responder x GAT nonresponder]F1) T cells developing in a B10.Q GAT nonresponder host fail to respond to GAT, but F1 B cells from the same F1 leads to parent chimeras make excellent proliferative responses in the presence of GAT and responder T cells. Thus, by this assay, B cell immune response gene function is genetically determined and is not affected by the developmental milieu. PMID- 6801186 TI - Antibodies to laminin in Chagas' disease. AB - We have found that sera from humans with Chagas' disease and Rhesus monkeys infected with Trypanosoma cruzi contain IgM and IgG antibodies, which react with structures in a variety of connective tissues. These antibodies react with laminin but not with various other purified connective tissue components like collagen types I, III, IV, and V, fibronectin, heparan sulfate (BM-1) proteoglycan, or chondronectin. The tissue-reacting antibodies were isolated by absorption to a laminin-Sepharose column. The bound fraction contained all the tissue-reacting antibodies. These antibodies strongly stained trypomastigotes and amastigotes, but weakly stained epimastigotes. These studies show that sera from T. cruzi-infected primates contain antilaminin antibodies, which may be produced by those host in response to a laminin-like molecule present in the parasite. PMID- 6801188 TI - Regulation of immune responses by I-J gene products. II. Presence of Both I-Jb and I-Jk suppressor factors in (nonsuppressor x nonsuppressor) F1 mice. AB - Antigen-specific suppression to poly(Glu50-Tyr50) (GT) is under the control of two complementary immune suppressor (Is) genes located in the major histocompatibility (H-2) complex of the mouse. Suppressor strains of mice produce both suppressor T (Ts) cells and Ts-derived suppressor factors (TsF) that bear antigenic determinants of the I-J subregion of the H-2 complex. Nonsuppressor strains of mice, on the other hand, are not suppressed by GT preimmunization. These nonsuppressor mice, however, can be classified according to those that lack the ability to make GT-specific T cell-derived suppressor factor (GT-TsF) after GT injection (i.e., H-2a, I-Jk mice) and those that lack the ability to be suppressed by the appropriate GT-TsF (i.e., H-2b,g2, I-Jb mice). In the present study, we demonstrate that (H-2a x H-2b,g2)F1 hybrid mice produce distinct GT specific suppressor factors of both parental I-J haplotypes. Moreover, only the I Jb-bearing GT-TsF derived from these F1 hybrid mice is able to induce second order suppressor cells (Ts2). This is consistent with the observation that injection of GT-TsF1 derived from C57BL/6 (I-Jb) mice into A/J (I-Jk) mice leads to the production of an antigen-specific I-Jk GT-TsF2. Our results suggest that Is gene complementation occurs through a different cellular mechanism that was previously observed for Ir gene complementation. Further, we show that complementing (non-suppressor X nonsuppressor)F1 hybrid mice produce an I-Jb (and not an I-Jk) GT-TsF1 and an I-Jk (not an I-Jb) GT-TsF2, thus suggesting a heterogeneity of Ia loci within the I-J subregion. Data presented in the present study suggest that there may be even more heterogeneity within the I-J subregion than has has been heretofore reported with regard to I-J expression on Ts. PMID- 6801190 TI - Properties and localization of N-acetylglutamate deacetylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The N-acetylglutamate deacetylase (EC 3.5.1.-) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain PAO1, was purified 15,000-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme was distinct from acetylornithinase and formylglutamate hydrolase. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 90,000 by gel filtration and by sedimentation in sucrose gradients. Electrophoresis in sodium-dodecyl sulphate gels gave a single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 44,000. N-Acetylglutamate deacetylase was L-specific and showed no peptidase activity. Among 17 N-acetyl-L-amino acids tested as substrates, N-acetyl-L-glutamine, N-acetyl-L-methionine and N acetylglycine were hydrolysed at 20% of the rate of N-acetyl-L-glutamate whereas other N-acetyl-L-amino acids were deacetylated at a rate of less than 10%. The catalytic activity depended on Co2+. The Km of the enzyme with respect to N acetylglutamate was 1.43 mM. Preparation of spheroplasts with lysozyme in the presence of 0.2 M-MgCl2 led to the release of 80% of the enzyme activity from the cells, indicating the periplasmic localization of N-acetylglutamate deacetylase. Its localization in the periplasmic space explains the inability of P. aeruginosa argA mutants to grow on N-acetylglutamate, which is utilized by the wild-type as a carbon and nitrogen source. PMID- 6801191 TI - Intraspecific and intergeneric mobilization of non-conjugative resistance plasmids by a 24.5 megadalton conjugative plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - pLE2451, a 24.5 megadalton conjugative plasmid from Neisseria gonorrhoeae, was capable of efficiently mobilizing gonococcal beta-lactamase plasmids between gonococci and from gonococci to Haemophilus influenzae and restriction-deficient Escherichia coli. Donor strains of N. gonorrhoeae carrying pLE2451 were also found to be capable of mobilizing a variety of non-conjugative plasmids originally derived from enteric bacteria or Haemophilus species when such plasmids were resident in E. coli. Nevertheless, pLE2451 was not detected physically in E. coli or H. influenzae transconjugants. This suggests that the plasmid is unstable in these hosts but survives transiently to provide transfer functions for mobilization. The proficiency of pLE2451 in promoting intraspecific and intergeneric mobilization was not paralleled by pUB701, pRI234 and pFR16017, a series of conjugative plasmids derived originally from Haemophilus species. These plasmids were incapable of mobilizing even Haemophilus beta-lactamase plasmids, such as RSF0885, between Haemophilus species. PMID- 6801189 TI - Calcium-dependent potassium current in barnacle photoreceptor. AB - When barnacle lateral eye photoreceptors are depolarized to membrane potentials of 0 to +50 mV in the dark, the plot of outward current through the cell membrane against time has two distinct maxima. The first maximum occurs 5-10 ms after the depolarization began. The current then decays to a minimum at approximately 500 ms after the onset of depolarization, and then increases to a second maximum 4-6 s after the depolarization began. If depolarization is maintained, the current again decays to reach a steady value approximately 1 min after depolarization began. The increase in current to the maximum at 4-6s from the minimum at approximately 500 ms is termed the "late current." It is maximum for depolarizations to around +25 mV and is reduced in amplitude at more positive potentials. It is not observed when the membrane is depolarized to potentials more positive than +60 mV. The late current is inhibited by external cobaltous ion and external tetraethylammonium ion, and shows a requirement for external calcium ion. When the calcium-sequestering agent EGTA is injected, the late current is abolished. Illumination of a cell under voltage clamp reduces the amplitude of the late current recorded subsequently in the dark. On the basis of the voltage dependence and pharmacology of the late current, it is proposed that the current is a calcium-dependent potassium current. PMID- 6801192 TI - Isolation of alginate-producing mutants of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas mendocina. AB - Spontaneous alginate-producing (muc) variants were isolated from strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens, P. putida and P. mendocina at a frequency of 1 in 10(8) by selecting for carbenicillin resistance. The infrared spectrum of the bacterial exopolysaccharide was typical of an acetylated alginate similar to that previously described in Azotobacter vinelandii and in mucoid variants of P. aeruginosa. Mucoid variants were not isolated from P. stutzeri, P. pseudoalcaligenes, P. testosteroni, P. diminuta, P. acidovorans, P. cepacia or P. maltophilia. PMID- 6801193 TI - Adaptation. The Fifteenth Marjory Stephenson Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6801195 TI - [Ataxias in children. Clinical and genetic aspects]. PMID- 6801194 TI - The role of outer membrane proteins in the survival of Neisseria gonorrhoeae P9 within guinea-pig subcutaneous chambers. AB - Guinea-pig subcutaneous chambers were infected with a mixture of gonococcal variants of defined outer membrane protein profile. Survival within the chambers was a two-stage process. The initial advantage conferred by the lack of opacity related outer membrane protein was transient and survivors were replaced by opaque colonial variants. Amongst these survivors were variants which produced opacity-related proteins (IId, IIe and IIf) not present in the initial inoculum. Thus, outer membrane protein composition is an important factor in survival in vivo. PMID- 6801196 TI - Ultrastructural features in chronic non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis: A controlled blind study. AB - Liver biopsies from 12 patients with chronic Non-A, Non-B (NANB) hepatitis, 7 with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic liver disease, 1 HBsAg positive normal carrier, and 4 patients with non-viral liver disease, were examined by electron microscopy for cytoplasmic and nuclear changes. Aggregates of particles measuring 20-35 nm in diameter were noted in the nuclei of 8 of 12 patients with NANB chronic hepatitis, but not in the other groups. The tubular changes seen in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of chimpanzees with NANB hepatitis were not noted in biopsies from any of our patients. PMID- 6801197 TI - Astrovirus-associated epidemic gastroenteritis in Japan. AB - An outbreak of epidemic gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus, the first case reported in Japan, is described. Not only children (5-6 years of age), but also staff members of a kindergarten were affected. the virus particles detected in stools were 28-30 nm in diameter with a circular outline and had the characteristic star-like configuration which allowed identification as astrovirus. Significant immune responses to the virus were confirmed by immune electron microscopy. Out of 84 children, 43 (54.2%) were affected; the common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. All the patients recovered completely within 48 hours. Occurrence of gastroenteritis due to contact with these patients was observed in 14 of 43 families. PMID- 6801199 TI - Urinary melatonin levels in human breast cancer patients. AB - Urinary melatonin levels were measured in 10 postmenopausal Indian women suffering from advanced stages of breast cancer and in 9 well-matched women with non-endocrine complaints, mostly uterovaginal prolapse. Urines of each patient were collected over a period of 2-3 days in four 4-hourly intervals from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. and one 8-hourly interval from 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. Serum LH, FSH, prolactin, estradiol and cortisol levels at 11 a.m. were determined as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors of the breast tumors. It was found that 24 hour urinary melatonin excretion in cancer patients was on the average 31% decreased as compared to the controls. This change was accompanied by a 33% increase in serum cortisol levels in the cancer patients. The melatonin excretion patterns of the cancer patients were not synchronized as compared to synchronized patterns of the controls. The number of tumors tested for steroid receptors does not yet allow to conclude if melatonin is different in patients with or without hormone-dependent tumors. The data suggest that pineal melatonin secretion may be modified in quantity as well as rhythmicity in breast cancer patients. PMID- 6801198 TI - Coronary artery bypass in a patient on lithium carbonate prophylaxis. AB - What is thought to be the first case of coronary artery bypass in a patient on lithium carbonate prophylaxis is presented. A postcardiotomy delirium developed on day 2 and appeared unrelated to the underlying manic-depressive illness. A 2 year follow-up indicated apparent resolution of pre-existing psychological difficulties and no recurrence of somatic symptoms. It is suggested that lithium carbonate prophylaxis be continued with appropriate monitoring during coronary artery bypass procedures. PMID- 6801200 TI - The effect of carbidopa and benserazide on human plasma 5-hydroxytryptophan levels. AB - Peripheral aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitors increase human plasma 5 hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) levels. However the 5-HTP, which is synthesized in the intestine, is not present in a sufficient quantity to influence brain 5-HT to any significant degree. Thus, peripheral decarboxylase inhibitors are unlikely to affect brain 5-HT function via 5-HTP which is synthesized peripherally. PMID- 6801201 TI - Interactions of di-n-propylacetate, gabaculine, and aminooxyacetic acid: anticonvulsant activity and the gamma-aminobutyrate system. AB - Di-n-propylacetate (DPA), aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), and gabaculine were administered alone or in combination to Swiss mice. Six hours after administration of the drugs the anticonvulsant action (against isonicotinic acid hydrazide-induced seizures) of AOAA and DPA combined was less than that of AOAA alone. The cause of this phenomenon appeared to be an interaction between DPA and AOAA with respect to inhibition of GABA-T activity, resulting in a long-term diminished inhibition by AOAA, which in turn led to a lessening of the AOAA induced elevation in the GABA content of nerve endings (synaptosomes). An excellent correlation was observed between the delay in onset of seizures and the elevation of synaptosomal GABA content. PMID- 6801202 TI - Neuronal and glial release of [3H]GABA from the rat olfactory bulb. AB - GABA uptake and release mechanisms have been shown for neuronal as well as glial cells. To explore further neuronal versus glial components of the [3H]gamma aminobutyric acid ([3H]GABA) release studies were performed with two different microdissected layers of the olfactory bulb of the rat: the olfactory nerve layer (ONL), consisting mainly of glial cells, and the external plexiform layer (EPL) with a high density of GABAergic dendritic terminals. In some experiments substantia nigra was used as a GABAergic axonal system and the trigeminal ganglia as a peripheral glial model. Spontaneous release of [3H]GABA was always lower in neuronal elements as compared with glial cells. A veratridine-evoked release was observed from the ONL but not from the trigeminal ganglia. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) abolished the veratridine-evoked release from the ONL, which also showed a partial inhibition when high magnesium concentrations were used in a Ca2+-free solution. beta-Alanine was strongly exchanged with [3H]GABA from the ONL of animals with the olfactory nerve lesioned and from animals with no lesion; but only a small heteroexchange was found from the external plexiform layer. The beta alanine heteroexchange was able to deplete the releasable GABA store from the ONL of lesioned animals. In nonlesioned animals and the external plexiform layer, the veratridine-stimulated release of [3H]GABA was not significantly reduced after the beta-alanine heteroexchange. Stimulation of the [3H]GABA release by high concentrations of potassium elicited a higher release rate from axonal terminals than from dendrites or glia. Neurones and glia showed a similar inhibition of [3H]GABA release when a high magnesium concentration was added to a calcium-free solution. When D-600 was used as a calcium-flux blocker no inhibition of the release was observed in glial cells, whereas an almost complete blockage was found in both neuronal preparations (substantia nigra and EPL). These results provide further evidence for differential release mechanisms of GABA from CNS neurones and glial cells. PMID- 6801203 TI - Transport of GABA at the blood-CSF interface. AB - The entry of GABA into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital and relaxed with suxamethonium. GABA was administered intravenously as a priming dose and subsequent maintenance infusion to compensate for the rapid elimination of the amino acid. Steady state concentrations of GABA in CSF were reached between 10 and 60 min after injection, the rate of entry tending to decrease with increasing plasma levels. During steady state conditions CSF concentrations showed great interindividual differences and varied between 0.03 and 5.1% of those in plasma. Probenecid and sodium valproate considerably enhanced the CSF/plasma concentration ratio of GABA. When GABA was directly injected into the liquor space, probenecid slowed down the elimination of GABA from CSF. The results suggest a transport of GABA into and out of CSF, the outward transport being inhibited by probenecid and sodium valproate. PMID- 6801204 TI - Evidence for two distinct forms of fatty acid cyclooxygenase in brain. AB - The enzymatic metabolism of [14C]arachidonic acid (AA) was studied with microsomes prepared from rabbit medulla. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels, measured either by radiochemistry or radioimmunoassay, rose rapidly and abruptly plateaued within 5 min, while prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) levels continued to rise for 30 min. The rapid termination of PGE2 biosynthesis was not the result of limited cofactor, substrate, or product feedback inhibition, nor was it due to PGE2-9-ketoreductase activity. Inhibition of the PGH2 leads to PGE2 isomerase by arachidonic acid or its metabolites could not explain the abrupt half in PGE2 biosynthesis. Proof for two separate cyclooxygenases comes from our observation that a preincubation of the brain microsomes with unlabeled AA eliminated PGE2 biosynthesis while PGF2 alpha production continued. Further evidence to suggest two cyclooxygenases in brain is derived from the observation that indomethacin inhibited PGE2 production at concentrations that did not affect PGF2 alpha biosynthesis. These results suggest that one fatty acid cyclooxygenase is closely associated with PGH2 leads to PGE2 isomerase and readily undergoes autodestruction and the second cyclooxygenase is associated with a PGH2 leads to PGF2 alpha reductase and is somewhat resistant to arachidonate-induced destruction and to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 6801205 TI - Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase in developing chick retina and brain. AB - The development of cytoplasmic glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in chick neural retina is compared with that in brain. GPDH converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol 3-phosphate, an intermediate in phospholipid synthesis. The enzyme is known to be under corticosteroid control in rat brain and spinal cord (but not muscle or liver) and in primary oligodendrocyte cultures. It has not been previously studied in the eye. In chick brain the GDPH specific activity rises fivefold from the early embryo to the adult, with nearly all the increase occurring between embryonic day 14 and hatching. This time course correlates well with the known maturation of chick adrenal cortex (which produces corticosteroids). On the other hand, in chick retina the GPDH specific activity remains at a low basal level throughout development. Furthermore, adult rat and beef retinas show much lower enzyme activity than do the corresponding brain tissues. GPDH can be induced precociously by hydrocortisone in embryonic chick brain from days 12 through 16, both in the intact embryo and in tissue culture; however, GPDH is not at all inducible in chick retina. The developmental increase in chick brain GPDH can be correlated qualitatively with myelin formation, as shown by luxol fast blue staining, whereas no myelin is seen in retina at any age. Our results are consistent with recent immunocytochemical studies demonstrating that GPDH in rat brain is associated with myelin-producing oligodendroglial cells, absent in retina. In comparison, another glial enzyme, glutamine synthetase (GS), known to be inducible in both chick brain and retina, is localized in brain astrocytes and retinal Muller cells. PMID- 6801206 TI - Cerebral metabolic responses to electroconvulsive shock and their modification by hypercapnia. AB - Brain glucose metabolism was studied in paralyzed, ventilated rats given electroconvulsive shock (ECS) under normocapnic and hypercapnic conditions. Brains were obtained with a freeze-blowing apparatus. Rates of glucose utilization were determined with [2-14C]glucose and [3H]deoxyglucose as tracers. In normocapnic rats, ECS caused a large increase in the rate of glycolysis to 5- 6 mumol/g/min. Brain lactate levels increased three- to fourfold. The stimulation of glucose metabolism was reflected in decreased brain glucose 6-phosphate concentration as early as 2--3 s after ECS. There were significant decreases in brain glucose and glycogen levels at 20 and 30 s after ECS. The decreases in endogenous brain glucose accounted for most of the increases in glucose utilization measured isotopically, implying that influx of glucose from blood into brain did not increase greatly over these time periods. Animals made hypercapnic by respiration with 10% CO2 for 2 min prior to ECS were different in their metabolic responses to ECS in several ways. The increases in glycolytic rate and lactate content of brain were half of those found in normocapnic rats. Brain glycogen and glucose concentrations did not change significantly in the hypercapnic rats during seizure activity. Thus, hypercapnia lessened the stimulation of glycolysis caused by ECS, but increased net influx of glucose from blood to brain. The mechanisms of these effects of hypercapnia are uncertain, but it is postulated that the effect on glycolytic activity is due to the acidosis and that the effect on glucose transport is due to an increase in capillary surface area. PMID- 6801207 TI - Vimentin and 70K neurofilament protein co-exist in embryonic neurones from spinal ganglia. AB - The mesenchymal intermediate filament protein vimentin and the 70K component of neurofilament were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis in cultures of pure sensory and sympathetic neurones derived from chick embryos. The identities of these neuronal intermediate filament proteins were confirmed by comparison of their molecular weights, isoelectric points, and peptide patterns from limited papain digestions with those of the corresponding proteins from fibroblasts and brain, respectively. A specific antibody to vimentin stained filamentous structures and colcemid-induced coils in both neurones and associated satellite cells. In contrast, a specific antibody to the 70K neurofilament protein stained these structures solely in neurones. This neurone-specific staining, as well as its molecular weight and isoelectric point, distinguishes the 70K neurofilament protein from the 68K neurofilament associated protein described by others, which has been claimed to resemble the tubulin assembly protein. PMID- 6801209 TI - High-affinity calcium binding in rat synaptosomal plasma membranes: decrease in young, genetically hypertensive rats. AB - A large number (about 4--5 nmol/mg of protein) of high-affinity (apparent dissociation constant at 37 degrees C: KD37 degrees C = 5 x 10(-8) M) calcium binding sites was characterized in synaptosomal membrane fractions enriched in plasma membranes that were isolated from rat brain. These sites were studied simultaneously in membranes from spontaneously hypertensive young rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls. No difference was observed between whole synaptosomes from these two substrains. However, plasma membrane-enriched fractions from SHR exhibited a reduced calcium binding capacity without a significant change in affinity. This decrease which averaged 15--20% was not due to any variation in the accessibility of calcium to its binding sites, as similar results were obtained in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187. The reduction found in calcium binding is very similar to that previously described in erythrocyte membranes. It is envisaged that such an abnormality at nerve endings might play a role in the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension. PMID- 6801210 TI - Incorporation of [1-14C[palmitic acid into neutral lipids and phospholipids of rat cerebral cortex in vitro. AB - Incorporation of [1-14C]palmitic acid into neutral lipids and phospholipids of rat cerebral cortex was examined in vitro in normal Krebs--Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 3% (wt/vol) albumin and 0.75 mM palmitic acid. Under standard assay conditions, radioactivity in the triacylglycerol fraction increased rapidly during the first 30 min, and then decreased after 60 min, with corresponding increase in radioactivity in phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, and a fraction of phosphatidyl inositol plus phosphatidyl serine. Diacylglycerol was shown to be an intermediate metabolite. Radioactivity increased in triacylglycerol, and decreased in phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine throughout incubation under N2 gas. In the fraction of phosphatidyl inositol plus phosphatidyl serine, radioactivity decreased after 30 min during incubation under N2 gas. A possible acylation--deacylation cycle, in which triacylglycerol could be a source of free fatty acids for phospholipids, is discussed. PMID- 6801208 TI - On the role of calcium ions in the regulation of glycogenolysis in mouse brain cortical slices. AB - Using mouse brain cortical slices, we investigated the relative roles of cyclic AMP and of calcium ions as the intracellular messengers for the activation of glycogen phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.1; alpha-1,4-glucan:orthophosphate glucosyltransferase) induced by noradrenaline and by depolarization. Activation of phosphorylase by 100 microM noradrenaline is mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors and does not require the copresence of adenosine. The role of the concomitant small increase in cyclic AMP is questioned. Short-term treatment with EGTA or LaCl3 abolishes the noradrenaline activation of phosphorylase, pointing to a critical role of extracellular calcium. Depolarization by 25 mM K+ or 100 microM veratridine produces a rapid and large (fourfold) activation of phosphorylase. Only veratridine increases the cyclic AMP levels; exogenous adenosine deaminase essentially blocks this cyclic AMP accumulation but not the phosphorylase activation. A half-maximal activation of phosphorylase occurs at about 12 mM K+. Addition of EGTA or LaCl3 reduces the effect of both depolarizations to a slight and transient activation of phosphorylase. These results indicate that activation of glycogen phosphorylase by K+ or veratridine occurs by a cyclic AMP-independent and calcium-dependent mechanism. The calcium dependency of brain phosphorylase kinase renders this kinase the prime target enzyme for regulation of glycogenolysis by calcium ions. PMID- 6801213 TI - A comparison of phenytoin and valproate in previously untreated adult epileptic patients. AB - Eighty-eight patients with the onset of epilepsy in adult life were randomly allocated to treatment with sodium valproate (600 mg/day), or phenytoin (300 mg/day), and followed up for at least 12 months. Both drugs were highly effective in the control of tonic-clonic seizures, irrespective of whether they were accompanied by focal features, but were markedly less effective in the control of partial seizures. Two patients exhibited acute allergic reactions to phenytoin. No significant differences have yet emerged in the efficacy of the two drugs, and valproate may be considered as a "fist-line" anticonvulsant in the treatment of adult onset epilepsy. PMID- 6801212 TI - Correlation between serum myoglobin and thyroid status in myasthenia gravis. AB - In 52 patients with myasthenia gravis serum myoglobin showed a significant inverse correlation to circulating thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels. The highest myoglobin concentration (240 ng/ml) was found in a myasthenia gravis patient with hypothyroidism. Slightly elevated myoglobin (54-60 ng/ml) was measured in four euthyroid myasthenic patients. The data suggest that a concomitant hypothyroid state must be excluded whenever high myoglobin levels are found in myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6801211 TI - Effects of aldose reductase inhibitor treatment in diabetic polyneuropathy - a clinical and neurophysiological study. AB - The efficacy of treatment with an aldose reductase inhibitor (1,3-dioxo-1 H-benz de-isoquinoline-2(3H)-acetic acid, AY-22,284, Alrestatin) on peripheral nerve function in diabetic polyneuropathy was assessed. Thirty patients with long standing diabetes and slight to moderate neuropathy participated in the double blind placebo trial. Clinical examination, sensory threshold determinations for vibratory, tactile and thermal stimuli, conduction velocity measurements and studies of automatic function were performed to evaluate the treatment. Significant differences favouring Alrestatin over placebo were found for many of the measured variables, whereas no changes occurred on placebo. The apparent improvement of neuropathy occurred despite persisting hyperglycaemia. The results indicate that aldose reductase inhibitor treatment may be of value in diabetic polyneuropathy, and provide support for the sorbitol pathway hypothesis of diabetic polyneuropathy. PMID- 6801214 TI - Increased serum phospholipids in epileptic children treated with phenobarbitone. AB - Plasma lipid concentration and post-heparin lipolytic activity in twenty-two epileptic children treated either with phenobarbitone or sodium valproate were evaluated. An increase of phospholipid was observed in whole blood as well as in the low-density nd high-density lipoproteins in patients undergoing phenobarbitone treatment. No change was found in subjects treated with sodium valproate. The enzyme activities were slightly, but not statistically significantly, increased in the two groups compared with the control subjects. PMID- 6801215 TI - Ultrastructure of hypothalamic and medullary lesions caused by an aliphatic triamine. AB - The administration of an aliphatic triamine, 3,3'-methylimino-bis-(N methylpropylamine), was used to produce non-necrotizing lesions in the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata of rats. The distribution of the lesions in the hypothalamus was similar to that produced by goldthioglucose, and consisted ultrastructurally of marked distention and edema of the extracellular space, with no confined to the dorsal aspect, in the region of the area postrema. The data suggest that the absence of blood-brain barrier in these sites plays a role in the production of lesions, at least in the initial stages, as has been proposed for goldthioglucose lesions. PMID- 6801216 TI - Evidence for a neurotropic role of noradrenaline neurons in the postnatal development of rat cerebral cortex. AB - The effects of neonatal administration of the catecholamine neurotoxin 6 hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA; 1-4 doses of 100 mg/kg body weight s.c.) on the postnatal development of pyramidal neurons in several cortical regions of the rat was studied using a Golgi-Cox neuronal impregnation technique. Rats were sacrificed in the adult stage (eight weeks) and the following regions were studied: anterior frontal cortex, posterior frontal cortex (including motor cortex), anterior parietal cortex (including sensory cortex), posterior parieto occipital cortex and cingulate cortex. Significant alterations were seen in animals which received four doses of 6-OHDA. These alterations can be summarized as follows: (1) a decreased length and branching of basolateral dendrites of pyramidal cells, with loss of dendritic spines, which were found in both the internal pyrimidal layer (layer V) and the external pyramidal layer (layer III), most abundantly in the frontal cortex and cingulate cortex; (2) an increased number of pyramidal cells of layer V with premature apical dendritic termination in layer III rather than the usual termination in layers I and II. This was most abundant in the cingulate cortex; (3) occasional disorientation of pyramidal cell apical dendrites away from the normal vertical plane by 15 or more degrees, seen in frontal, parietal and cingulate cortex; (4) an increased number of pyramidal cells with rounded somatic contours, found in frontal, anterior parietal and cingulate cortex. These phenomena were occasionally seen in normal cortex, but were significantly increased in their occurrence after four doses of 6-OHDA. Such alterations were not significant in rats treated with one or three doses of 6 OHDA. The extent and severity of morphological alterations correlate with reductions in endogenous noradrenaline (NA) in cerebral cortex, which was found to average 50% of control levels after one dose of 6-OHDA, and 80% reduction after three doses, and a 97-98% reduction after four doses, suggesting that the NA denervation must be almost complete to result in readily detectable significant morphological changes in the development of cortical pyramidal cells. No consistent changes in endogenous dopamine (DA) levels were observed, except for an increase in the cingulate cortex. The anatomical alterations in pyramidal cells described in the present study suggest that NA neurons which project into the cerebral cortex have a neurotrophic role in the postnatal development of cortex. PMID- 6801218 TI - Effect of intracranial pressure monitoring and aggressive treatment on mortality in severe head injury. AB - During 1977-1978, 127 patients with severe head injury were admitted and underwent intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. All patients had Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 7 or less. All received identical initial treatment according to a standardized protocol. The patients' average age was 29 years; 60% had multiple trauma, and 35% needed emergency intracranial operations. Treatment for elevations of ICP was begun when ICP rose to 20 to 25 mm Hg, and included mannitol therapy and drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) when possible. Forty three patients (34%) had ICP greater than or equal to 25 mm Hg; of these, 36 (84%) died. The mortality rate of the entire group was 46%. During 1979-1980, 106 patients with severe head injury were admitted and underwent ICP monitoring. Their average ager was 29 years; 51% had multiple trauma, and 31% underwent emergency intracranial surgery. All patients received the same standardized protocol as the previous series, with the exception of the treatment of ICP. In this present series: if ICP was 15 mm Hg or less (normal ICP), patients were continued on hyperventilation, steroids, and intensive care; if ICP was 16 to 24 mm Hg, mannitol was administered and CSF was drained; if ICP was 25 mm Hg or greater, the patients were randomized into a controlled barbiturate therapy study. Twenty-six patients (25%) had ICP's of 25 mm Hg or greater, compared to 34% in the previous series (p less than 0.05), and 18 of these 26 patients (69%) died. The overall mortality for this current series was 28% compared to 46% in the previous series (p less than 0.0005). This study reconfirms the high mortality rate if ICP is 25 mm Hg or greater; however, the data also document that early aggressive treatment based on ICP monitoring significantly lessens the incidence of ICP of 25 mm Hg or greater and reduces the overall mortality rate of severe head injury. PMID- 6801217 TI - Carnosine in primary afferents of the olfactory system: an autoradiographic and biochemical study. AB - Previous in vivo studies have shown that beta-alanine is incorporated specifically into the dipeptide L-carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine). In the present study, we administered beta-[3H]alanine to the nasal cavity of hamsters and used biochemical analyses to identify the radioactively labeled compounds in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb and autoradiography to demonstrate the localization and transport of the label in the primary afferents of the olfactory system. The olfactory epithelium and lamina propria were labeled intensely 6 hr after intranasal beta-[3H]alanine administration. At this survival time, 61% of the radioactivity in the olfactory epithelium was present in the carnosine fraction, while 37% of the label remained in the beta-alanine fraction. After 24-hr and 4-day survival periods, greater than 82% of the radioactivity was present in the carnosine fraction, and the olfactory receptors and bundles of axons were labeled preferentially. The olfactory nerve and glomerular layers of the main olfactory bulb were labeled intensely at 6 and 24 hr after beta [3H]alanine administration; much less label was present in these layers at 4 days survival. At all three of these survival times, greater than 84% of the radioactivity in the olfactory bulb was present in the carnosine fraction. No label was present in the olfactory epithelium or bulb 18 days after beta [3H]alanine administration. While the autoradiographic labeling over the structures of the accessory olfactory system was consistently less intense than that over the main olfactory system structures, the patterns of labeling were similar over the four survival times. Intranasal alpha-[3H]alanine administration resulted in some labeling in the primary afferent fibers, but the labeling did not have the specificity nor the same time course over the four survival times that was observed after beta-[3H]alanine administration. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that carnosine is a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator in the olfactory neurons. The results also suggest that carnosine may play a similar role in the vomeronasal neurons. PMID- 6801219 TI - Quantifying local cerebral blood flow by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) tomography. AB - A model was validated wherein local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) in humans was quantified by single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with intravenously injected N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine (IMP) combined with a modification of the classic method of arterial input sampling. After intravenous injection of IMP in rat, autoradiograms of the brain showed activity distributions in the pattern of LCBF. IMP was nearly completely removed on first pass through monkey brain after intracarotid injection (CBF=33 ml/100 g/min) and washed out with a half-time of approximately 1 hr. When the modified method of arterial input and tissue-sample counting applied to dog brain, there was good correspondence between LCBF based on IMP and on that by microsphere injection over a wide flow range. In applying the method to human subjects using SPECT, whole-brain CBF measured 47.2 +/- 5.4 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- s.d., N=5), stable gray-white distinction persisted for over 1 hr, and the half-time for brain washout was approximately 1 hr. Perfusion deficits in patients were clearly demonstrated and quantified, comparing well with results now available from positron ECT. PMID- 6801221 TI - Threonine, tryptophan and histidine requirements of immature beagle dogs. AB - The threonine, tryptophan and histidine requirements of growing male Beagle dogs were determined using diets containing the equivalent of 14% protein as crystalline L-amino acids. For each amino acid the requirement was taken to be the minimum dietary quantity required for optimal growth, feed efficiency and nitrogen retention. In experiment 1 the threonine requirement was found to be provided by 0.52% or more dietary threonine. In experiments 2 and 3 the minimal dietary tryptophan and histidine requirements of immature dogs were estimated as 0.17 and 0.21%, respectively. The requirements for threonine and tryptophan are similar to those for growing rats. However, the histidine requirement of Beagles appears to be lower than that of rats. PMID- 6801220 TI - Effects of some xenobiotics on ascorbic acid metabolism in rats. AB - The administration of xenobiotics, PCB, DDT, or aminopyrine to rats causes a marked increase in urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and in various tissue levels of ascorbic acid. When rats were fed diet containing 200 ppm PCB or 500 ppm DDT (14 days), the incorporations from D-(U-14C) glucose into ascorbic acid in liver were significantly increased. The dietary addition of 200 ppm PCB, 500 ppm DDT, 2,000 ppm pentobarbital or 3,000 ppm chloretone caused a significant increase in the activity of hepatic UDPglucose dehydrogenase, but did not affect the activity of hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase. Good correlation between the liver level of ascorbic acid and the activity of hepatic UDPglucose dehydrogenase was observed. Subsequently, in rats fed the basal diet (30% casein diet) or the diet containing 200 ppm PCB, the specific activities of ascorbic acid in urine and in various tissues were measured 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after the oral administration of L-(l-14C)ascorbic acid. Dietary PCB accelerated the disappearances of radioactivities in ascorbic acid in urine and various tissues, that is, shortened the half lives of radioactivities in ascorbic acid. It is likely that the administration of xenobiotics, such as PCB or DDT, to rats increases the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid and accelerates concomitantly the turnover of ascorbic acid in body. PMID- 6801222 TI - An in vitro system for measuring intrinsic dietary mineral exchangeability: alternative to intrinsic isotopic labeling. AB - The primary purpose for the in vitro system described here was to provide an alternative method to intrinsic isotopic labeling for determining exchangeability of intrinsic food mineral with extrinsic inorganic mineral or one of its isotopes. In this system, foods or food mixtures extrinsically tagged with an isotope of the mineral of interest are incubated successively in media simulating peptic or pancreatic digestion. Radioactivity and mineral measurements are made on a)the mixture before digestion and after b)peptic and c)successive peptic pancreatic (P-Pa) digestion. Exchangeability is determined by comparing the specific activity in the peptic and P-Pa digest supernatants to that in the mixture before digestion. In addition, determination of the total soluble mineral after P-Pa digestion provides a measurement of potential bioavailability. The procedure was tested for calcium (Ca) exchangeability and bioavailability from a number of foods and food combinations with 45Ca as the tracer. It could be used for any mineral, however, including non-nutrient or toxic elements. It is likely to be most useful in association with human studies carried out with extrinsic stable (non-radioactive) or short-lived radioactive isotopes that are unsuitable for intrinsic labeling. PMID- 6801223 TI - Protein energy malnutrition related to diarrhea in Thai children. PMID- 6801225 TI - ATP citrate lyase in human adipose tissue. AB - ATP citrate lyase [EC. 4.1.3.8] activity in human adipose tissue was assayed. The activity was considerably higher in tissue from patients who had been supplied with nutrients only by intravenous injection than that from patients who had orally taken a meal and then fasted overnight. These results suggest that ATP citrate lyase activity in human adipose tissue is greatly influenced by the nutritional status. PMID- 6801226 TI - Effects of riboflavin deficiency on the synthesis of ester forms of riboflavin in the rat lens. PMID- 6801227 TI - Blood flow to oral tissues: and experimental study with enflurane, sodium nitroprusside, and nitroglycerin. AB - Hypotensive anesthesia is currently being used in oral and maxillofacial surgery to reduce blood loss and provide a relatively bloodless surgical field. Radioactively labeled microspheres were used to determine and compare the hemodynamic effects of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), nitroglycerin (NTG), and deep enflurane anesthesia on oral tissues during controlled hypotension when compared with controls. Sodium nitroprusside and NTG produced significant reductions in blood flow to the maxilla, mandible, and tongue, while deep enflurane anesthesia did not. In the masseter and suprahyoid muscles, increases in tissue blood flow were found with SNP and enflurane. Nitroglycerin produced no significant change in blood flow in the masseter and the suprahyoid. These results demonstrate that in spite of a similar cardiac index with all agents tested, local oral blood flow varied significantly with the different agents tested. These differences in tissue blood flow suggest that SNP and NTG may be preferable to deep enflurane anesthesia for maxillary osteotomies to achieve greater flow reduction and diminish blood loss. PMID- 6801224 TI - Serum and liver cholesterol levels of rats and mice fed soy-bean protein or casein. AB - Rats and mice were fed soy-bean protein or casein diets for 10 and 50 weeks, respectively, during which terms their serum cholesterol levels were analyzed periodically. Rats fed high-cholesterol diets containing soy protein or the amino acid mixture simulating soy protein produced lower levels of serum cholesterol throughout the experiments, as compared with those on the corresponding casein type diets. Feeding soy protein resulted in a significant decrease in serum apoA I and apoB, but the relative concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was kept at the higher level. The concentration of liver cholesterol was also lower in rats fed the plant protein. In mice fed a cholesterol-free diet, the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy protein was noticeable at an early stage of the feeding periods, by 20 weeks. The extent of lipid peroxidation in rats and mice determined as TBA-reactive substances in serum was found to be the same when protein diets were given, while it was significantly higher when an amino acid mixture of the soy protein type was fed to rats. The results confirm that soy protein exhibits its hypocholesterolemic effect even when a diet rich in cholesterol is fed. The cholesterol-lowering effect of soy proteins appears to be a phenomenon common to rodents. PMID- 6801230 TI - Hamster tongue carcinogenesis. I. Characteristics of the experimental model. AB - Thrice weekly applications of DMBA to hamster ventral lingual mucosa, preceded by scratching with a barbed broach, led to tumor development in over 75% of the animals by 28 weeks. Macroscopic ulceration did not appear to be a necessary precursor of epithelial malignancy in this model. Tumors were preceded by a phase resembling human leukoplakia. In addition to developing tumors in the treated area, 60% of the hamsters developed tumors in the floor of the mouth or the area of mucosa on either side of the median lingual frenum. PMID- 6801228 TI - Clarification of the terms granulomatous and granulation tissue. PMID- 6801229 TI - Morphologic changes in rat parotid following isoproterenol administration and fractionated x-irradiation. AB - The effects of fractionated X-irradiation following isoproterenol (IPN) administration on rat parotid gland were studied 4, 8, and 12 weeks post irradiation. Degenerative and necrotic changes of the acinar cells were observed at all three time intervals as a result of the radiation. These changes were more obvious 4 and 8 weeks post-irradiation and isoproterenol administration. The necrotic acinar cells were replaced by fibrous connective tissue, especially conspicuous at 12 weeks. Reparative changes were observed along with the degenerative and regressive phenomena of the gland. Enlarged acinar cells and nuclei were observed as early as 4 weeks post-irradiation. This change was focally distributed at the 4-week interval but more widespread 8 and 12 weeks post-irradiation. Mitochondrial hyperplasia with alteration of mitochondrial cristae was observed 12 weeks post-irradiation. Proliferation of cells of ductal origin and nodular proliferation of ducts were observed 12 weeks after isoproterenol administration plus X-irradiation. These proliferative phenomena may represent an early stage of tumor formation resulting from the combined effect of isoproterenol and X-irradiation on rat parotid gland. PMID- 6801231 TI - Hamster tongue carcinogenesis II. Quantitative morphologic aspects of preneoplastic epithelium. AB - Stereological techniques have been used to quantify some morphologic aspects of non-neoplastic and preneoplastic hyperplasia in hamster tongue. Scratching hamster ventral lingual mucosa and applying acetone thrice weekly resulted in moderate epithelial hyperplasia in biopsy material removed at 16 weeks. There was a significant increase in the number of progenitor cells per defined histologic field and a striking increase in the number of progenitor cells related to each unit of surface length. There was a small but significant increase in basement membrane length. In the experimental group in which the ventral lingual mucosa was scratched and painted with 0.5% DMBA in acetone there was pronounced epithelial hyperplasia with increases in the thickness of the progenitor, maturation and keratinized compartments. Progenitor cells showed hyperplasia and hypertrophy. The number of progenitor cells related to each unit of surface length was significantly greater than normal or control values. There was a significant increase in the basement membrane length per field, reflecting an increased folding and prominence of the rete ridges. PMID- 6801232 TI - Snuff-induced lesions of the oral mucosa - an experimental model in the rat. AB - An experimental model in the white rat has been developed in order to study the influence of snuff on oral mucosa. A test canal in the lower lip, with one orifice buccally to the incisors and one on the lip side, was created by surgical means. The connection between the canal and the oral cavity was made to ensure the presence of saliva in the canal so that physiological conditions resembling those of the oral cavity were obtained. The canal was filled with snuff morning and night 5 days a week. The mean value for the maximal retention time of the snuff was 6 h. The animals tolerated the dose and time of exposure without signs of severe toxic symptoms. Histological examination of the canals after 9 months of exposure to snuff showed a mildly to moderately hyperplastic epithelium with hyperorthokeratosis. Locally deep proliferations of epithelium with acanthotic rete pegs could be seen. In the stratum basale hyperplasia with disturbed polarity and hyperchromatic nuclei and single mitosis were noted. PMID- 6801233 TI - A theoretical consideration of some biological parameters involved in cell kinetic investigations of oral leukoplakia and abnormal states in stratified squamous epithelium. PMID- 6801234 TI - An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study on mandibular lesion of Letterer Siwe disease. AB - A mandibular lesion from an infant with Letterer-Siwe disease was studied by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Ultrastructurally, two types of cells were identified; clear and dark cells. Clear cells had indented nuclei and langerhans cell granules, while dark cells were characterized by the occasional presence of a large number of lysosomes. Lysozyme was usually not detectable in proliferating cells with indented nuclei, but it was strongly positive in cells without indented nuclei. The latter also usually contained IgG, although the occurrence of cytoplasmic IgM, A, D and E seemed to be negative in both types of cells. Thus clear cells showed a close resemblance to Langerhans cells and dark cells had features of ordinary histiocytes. Although the intimate relationship between these two types of cells remains obscure, our findings suggest that Letterer-Siwe disease may be a reactive or tumorous condition of a cellular subpopulation of Langerhans cells with a proliferation of differentiated histiocytes. PMID- 6801235 TI - Immunofluorescent studies in desquamative gingivitis. AB - Twenty-seven patients (19 females and 8 males) with a clinically diagnosed desquamative gingivitis were used in this study. Twenty-seven additional patients with oral and skin diseases and with gingival involvement other than that of the desquamative gingivitis type served as controls. Biopsy gingival specimens were sectioned and stained with H and E. The rest of the tissue specimen was cut with a cryostat and used for immunofluorescent assays of the tissue-bound antibodies (IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 anf fibrin). Circulating antibodies were determined by using the indirect immunofluorescence method in serum samples. Normal human oral mucosa and several animal epithelial tissues were used as substrates. The immunopathologic findings suggest the diagnosis of lichen planus in the presence of linear or granular fibrin deposition at the basement membrane zone/mucosal submucosal interface with or without cytoid bodies and cicatricial pemphigoid, in the presence of circulating and/or tissue-bound immunoglobulins and C3 in a linear continuous pattern along the BMZ. It is suggested that an accurate diagnosis of the underlying disease of the desquamative gingivitis can be made on the bases of the clinical, histopathologic, immunopathologic and follow-up findings. PMID- 6801236 TI - Cell population kinetics in rat palatal epithelium treated with the carcinogen 4 nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO). AB - The carcinogen 4NQO was applied to the palates of rats for 2 weeks or 2 months. Eight weeks after termination of carcinogen application, animals were injected with colchicine and sacrificed at intervals of 3 h during a 24 h period. Histological sections were produced and the number of arrested metaphases counted in the palatal epithelium. The two groups had the same daily mitotic rate and exhibited a circadian rhythm in mitotic activity similar to that demonstrated in normal oral mucosa of nocturnal animals. Carcinogen was applied to the palates of other groups of rats for 2 weeks or 2 months. Animals treated with saline served as controls. At various time points during and after carcinogen treatment eight rats from each group were killed. Four of these animals were injected with colchicine prior to sacrifice and the number of arrested metaphases counted in the palatal epithelium. In the noncolchicinized rats all mitotic phases were counted. After cessation of carcinogen application the mitotic rates, the mitotic counts and the mitotic durations did not differ from those of control animals, indicating that the carcinogen had failed to induce irreversible changes in the cell population kinetics of the palatal epithelium. PMID- 6801237 TI - Effects of zinc deficiency on rat parotid gland. AB - Hitherto, the effect of zinc deficiency on the rat parotid gland was not known. Male rats were fed either a low zinc diet (0.4-0.8 ppm Zn) or a zinc adequate diet (approximately 40 ppm Zn) for 35-42 days. The experimental animals exhibited retarded body growth, anorexia, loss of hair and decreases in plasma and hair zinc levels. In comparison to the ad libitum controls, the parotid glands of the pair-fed group showed a decrease in cell number, but an increase in cell mass, protein and amylase content. In the parotid glands of the experimental group, cell number was comparable to the pair-fed group, but there was a decrease in cell mass and protein content as compared to the pair-fed group. These findings suggest that zinc deficiency and its associated reduced food intake impair growth of the parotid gland and, further, that zinc deficiency per se appears to lead to a diminution in gland protein synthesis. It is proposed that a compromise in parotid gland function could be a contributory factor underlying the increased susceptibility to dental cares known to occur in zinc deficiency. PMID- 6801239 TI - Oral lipomas with osseous and chondrous metaplasia; report of two cases. PMID- 6801241 TI - In situ characterization of cell infiltrates in human dental periapical granulomas. 1. Demonstration of receptors for the Fc region of IgG. AB - The aims of the present study were to demonstrate FcR activity of dental periapical granulomas and to correlate the activity with the degree of lymphoreticular cell infiltration. Cryostat sections of 46 out of 51 granulomas adsorbed sheep erythrocytes(E) sensitized with rabbit IgG antibodies (A) (EA). No adsorption occurred using erythrocytes sensitized with F(ab')2 fragments of IgG. IgG and Fc fragments of human of rabbit IgG inhibited the binding of EA, whereas F(ab')2 fragments, human IgA, IgM or albumin did not, indicating the presence of receptors for the Fc region of IgG. Periodate, neutral formaldehyde and phospholipase C abolished the FcR activity whereas neuraminidase had no effect. Comparison of sections binding EA and adjacent sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin showed that EA adhered to areas infiltrated with mononuclear cells. The degree of binding of EA coincided with the density of mononuclear cell infiltration. Point attachments between the tissue sections and the adsorbed EA could be demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy. Sections with no infiltrates did not bind EA. PMID- 6801238 TI - Role of salivary mucins in the protection of the oral cavity. AB - Mucins are the principal organic constituents of mucus, the slimy visco-elastic material that coats all mucosal surfaces. Compelling evidence suggests that they play an integral role in non-immune protection of the oral cavity. Specific protective functions include: 1) protection against desiccation and environmental insult, 2) lubrication, and 3) antimicrobial effects against potential pathogens. Biosynthesis of mucin is regulated by both intrinsic ("cooperative sequential specificity") and extrinsic ("structural modulation") controls. These controls form the basis by which mucin's structure can be modified to meet a dynamically changing biological need. PMID- 6801243 TI - Local law enforcement policies directed toward illicit drug selling and usage. PMID- 6801240 TI - Quantitative analysis of human buccal epithelium in iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 6801242 TI - The effect of some varying lipid A structures on the inhibition of fibrillogenesis in basement membrane collagen. AB - Acid soluble basement membrane collagen (ABMC) was prepared by extraction of the anterior lens capsules from bovine calf eyes in 0.5 M acetic acid in the presence of the protease inhibitors leupeptin and pepstatin. Thermal aggregates formed from soluble basement membrane collagen were facilitated by heating (28 degree C) the collagen solutions in 0.15 M phosphate buffer. The effects of endotoxins derived from Salmonella minnesota R595, Chromobacterium violaceum an Rhodopseudomonas viridis on the assembly af basement membrane collagen were ascertained by analysis of turbidity curves (340 nm) obtained during aggregation in vitro. All of the endotoxins tested were noted to inhibit the final level of turbidity and to prolong the lag period for thermal assembly. Plotting the increase in turbidity against the logarithm of time of analyzing the turbidity curves as first-order reaction indicated that what was altered was the rate of assembly of fibrils in collagen treated with endotoxin, rather than the mechanism of assembly of these fibrils. These conclusions are supported by Arrhenius plots of basement membrane aggregations in vitro in the presence and absence of endotoxins. PMID- 6801244 TI - Autonomous thyroid nodules in adolescents: clinical characteristics and results of TRH testing. AB - Seven adolescents with autonomous thyroid nodules were evaluated over a three year period. They had hyperfunctioning nodules on radionuclide scan which failed to suppress with exogenous administration of thyroid hormone. They were clinically euthyroid and had normal T4, free T4, and basal TSH values. However, as a group they had elevated total serum T3 concentrations, blunted TSH response to TRH, and accelerated closure of cranial sutures, all of which suggested subtle hyperthyroidism. These patients have been followed for one to five years. Four have undergone partial thyroidectomy because of persistent elevation in the serum T3 concentration or enlargement of the nodule. The clinical presentation and laboratory findings in this group are similar to those found in adults with autonomous nodules. PMID- 6801246 TI - Skin surface PCO2 monitoring in newborn infants in shock: effect of hypotension and electrode temperature. AB - We studied the effect of hypotension and of electrode temperature (41 degrees C to 44 degrees C) on the relation of skin surface PCO2 (Roche prototype) to arterial PCO2 in 24 sick neonates of 690 to 3,500 gm with systolic blood pressures of 5 to 70 mm Hg. PsCO2 closely correlated with PaCO2. The standard error of estimating PaCO2 from PsCO2 was 3.02 torr at 44 degrees C, 3.20 torr at 43 degrees C, and 3.57 torr at 41 degrees C. The pH (6.89 to 7.61), body temperature (33.5 to 38.1 degrees C), hematocrit (0.28 to 0.65), scleredema, or treatment with tolazoline did not affect the relation of PsCO2 to PaCO2. PsCO2 grossly exceeded the predicted value at systolic blood pressures below 15 mm Hg, irrespective of electrode temperature. PMID- 6801247 TI - Delayed coma associated with salicylate intoxication. PMID- 6801245 TI - Patterns of TSH response to TRH in children with hypopituitarism. PMID- 6801249 TI - Effect of TPN on liver function. PMID- 6801248 TI - Saliva and serum valproic acid levels in epileptic children. PMID- 6801250 TI - Development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Three children developed hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis three, eight, and 60 days after the onset of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. During hyperglycemia, the two patients studied had dramatically low insulin concentrations. Circulating islet cell and insulin antibodies were not detected. These studies suggest that pancreatic beta cell dysfunction may occur during hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and that the serum glucose concentration should be closely monitored during this disease. PMID- 6801251 TI - The pharynx as the only positive culture site in an adolescent with disseminated gonorrhea. PMID- 6801252 TI - Decomposition of TPN solutions exposed to phototherapy. PMID- 6801253 TI - Structure-activity relationships among substituted N-benzoyl derivatives of phenylalanine and its analogs in a microbial antitumor prescreen I: Derivatives of o-fluoro-DL-phenylalanine. AB - Twelve derivatives of 0-fluoro-dl-phenylalanine containing fluorine, chlorine, methoxy, and nitro radicals in various positions of the aromatic ring of the benzoyl group were prepared and tested in a Lactobacillus casei system. It was found that most substitutions in the benzoyl phenyl ring resulted in a compound exhibiting greater growth-inhibiting activity than the nonsubstituted benzoyl-o fluorophenylalanine. The greatest activity was observed in the ortho-substituted fluoro compound and the meta- and para-substituted chloro and nitro compounds. With the methoxy group, the position of substitution appeared unimportant, since all three methoxy isomers exhibited essentially equal inhibition. Nitro substitution in the ortho position had a protective effect in that the product was less active than the unsubstituted benzoyl-o-fluoro-dl-phenylalanine. PMID- 6801254 TI - Valproic acid: brain and plasma levels of the drug and its metabolites, anticonvulsant effects and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in the mouse. AB - The slow onset and carry-over effect of valproic acid (VPA) therapy observed in some clinical as well as experimental animal studies have been examined by parallel pharmacokinetic and pharmacological investigations in a mouse model. VPA was rapidly transferred into brain and was cleared from that tissue with rates which exceeded plasma clearance rates. Of several VPA metabolites present in plasma, only one could be found in the brain: 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid. This metabolite was cleared from plasma and from brain slower than the parent drug. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations were increased within 15 min after VPA injection and remained significantly elevated for at least 8 h. A similar time course was found in regard to the increase of the electroconvulsive threshold (maximal seizures) induced by VPA administration. The activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase rose parallel to the elevation of brain GABA levels, whereas the activity of GABA aminotransferase was not affected. Whereas the rapid onset of the effect on electroconvulsive threshold and on GABA metabolism can be explained by the rapid entrance of VPA into brain, the carry-over effects observed correlated with the kinetics of the metabolite 2-propyl-2-pentenoic acid better than with those of VPA due to the persistence of this metabolite in brain. PMID- 6801255 TI - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) release from guinea-pig lung parenchyma during antigen- or ionophore-induced contraction. AB - A dual isolated organ technique comprised of a guinea-pig lung parenchymal strip and a guinea-pig ileum was used to determine if slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) is released from parenchyma during contractions evoked by antigen (ovalbumin) or by ionophore (A23187). An immunologically sensitized parenchyma served as the primary target organ for ovalbumin and either a sensitized or unsensitized parenchyma was the target tissue for A23187; an unsensitized ileum functioned as the assay organ. In the presence of pyrilamine and indomethacin, ovalbumin or A23187 produced contractions of the parenchyma and concomitantly caused release of SRS-A from the lung strip which was indicated by a contraction of the ileum. The ileal response was antagonized by FPL 55712, whereas the parenchyma contractions were unaffected. Additional experiments were conducted in which parenchyma was contracted with histamine. At the height of the histamine contraction, the bathing fluid surrounding the parenchyma was removed and assayed on a pyrilamine-treated ileum. SRS-A was not detected, indicating that SRS-A release from parenchyma is not a function of tissue contraction per se, but is related to the antigen- and ionophore-induced contractions. To explain the lack of effect of FPL 55712 on parenchymal contractions to antigen or ionophore, we compared the degree of antagonism produced by FPL 55712 on SRS-A contraction of parenchyma and ileum. These experiments indicated the possibility that at least two different classes of SRS-A receptors exist and that those in the ileum and lung differ. PMID- 6801257 TI - Vertical dimension: a research and clinical analysis. PMID- 6801256 TI - Evidence for the existence of two distinct pools of intracellular calcium in the rat aorta accessible to mobilization by norepinephrine. AB - The contractile responses of isolated rat thoracic aortic strips to norepinephrine (NE) and KCl in the absence of extracellular calcium were studied using 1,2-bis-(2-dicarboxymethylaminoethoxy)ethane (EGTA) as a calcium chelating agent. Whereas aortic tissue which had been washed in EGTA-containing buffer was refractory to KCl, it remained biphasically responsive to stimulation by NE. The initial phasic contraction induced by NE was rapidly produced by short-lived, with the magnitude of the maximum tension produced in calcium-free medium (containing 1 mM EGTA) being approximately 26% of that induced by NE in the presence of extracellular calcium. This phasic component could not be elicited a second time in the same tissue unless the tissue was re-exposed to extracellular calcium. The second component of the NE response in calcium-free medium was a slowly developing and sustained contraction which represented 24% of the maximum contraction obtainable in calcium-containing medium. The sustained contraction could be repeatedly elicited in the same tissue even after 5 continuous hr in calcium-free EGTA medium. The two components of the biphasic response are dissociable and each is apparently dependent upon the mobilization of a distinct intracellular pool of calcium. However, a single initial mechanism appears to trigger the biphasic response to NE, with a probable involvement of the alpha adrenergic receptor. PMID- 6801258 TI - Cost and effectiveness of a Geriatric Day Hospital. PMID- 6801259 TI - Hazards of enclosed space-raised ambient CO2. PMID- 6801260 TI - [Intramural pseudo-diverticulosis of the oesophagus. Radiological appearances in two cases (author's transl)]. AB - Intramural pseudo-diverticulosis of the oesophagus is the result of an anomaly of the deep glands of the oesophagus, the pathogenicity of which is open to debate. A rare lesion, it is often unrecognised on endoscopy, but presents characteristic features on double-contrast examination. PMID- 6801261 TI - The development of clinical genetics. PMID- 6801262 TI - Medical audit as an educational tool to improve intravenous nutritional support. PMID- 6801264 TI - Pseudodigitation in ectopic ossification. PMID- 6801265 TI - A study of temporal relation between intracellular pH and contractile performance in toad ventricular strips during hypercapnic acidosis. PMID- 6801263 TI - Calcium uptake into acini from rat pancreas: evidence for intracellular ATP dependent calcium sequestration. AB - Intracellular ATP-dependent Ca2+-sequestration mechanisms were studied in isolated dispersed rat pancreatic acini following treatment with saponin or digitonin to disrupt their plasma membranes. In the presence of 45Ca2+ concentrations less than 10(-6) mol/liter, addition of 5 mmol/liter ATP caused a rapid increase in 45Ca2+ uptake exceeding the control by fivefold. ADP mimicked the ATP effect by 50 to 60%, whereas other nucleotides such as AMP-PNP, AMP-PCP, CTP, UTP, ITP, GTP, cAMP and cGMP did not. Maximal ATP-promoted Ca2+ uptake was obtained at 10(-5) mol/liter Ca2+. Inhibition of Ca2+ uptake by mitochondrial inhibitors was dependent on the Ca2+ concentration, indicating the presence of different Ca2+ storage systems. Whereas the apparent half-saturation constant found for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was approximately 4.5 X 10(-7) mol/liter, in the presence of antimycin and oligomycin (nonmitochondrial uptake) it was approximately 1.4 X 10(-8) mol/liter. In the absence of Mg2+ both ATP- and ADP promoted Ca2+ uptake was nearly abolished. The Ca2+ ionophore and mersalyl blocked Ca2+ uptake, Electron microscopy showed electron-dense precipitates in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of saponin-treated cells in the presence of Ca2+, oxalate and ATP, which were absent in intact cells and in saponin-cells without ATP or pretreated with A23187. The data suggest the presence of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial ATP-dependent C2+ storage systems in pancreatic acini. The latter is likely to be located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6801266 TI - Amino acid codes in mitochondria as possible clues to primitive codes. AB - Differences between mitochondrial codes and the universal code indicate that an evolutionary simplification has taken place, rather than a return to a more primitive code. However, these differences make it evident that the universal code is not the only code possible, and therefore earlier codes may have differed markedly from the previous code. The present universal code is probably a "frozen accident." The change in CUN codons from leucine to threonine (Neurospora vs. yeast mitochondria) indicates that neutral or near-neutral changes occurred in the corresponding proteins when this code change took change took place, caused presumably by a mutation in a tRNA gene. PMID- 6801268 TI - Effect of dietary selenium on the metabolism and excretion of 2 acetylaminofluorene in the rat. PMID- 6801267 TI - Studies on the evolutionary relationships between hemoglobins in Chironomus pallidivittatus and C. tentsans. I. Isolation and immunological analysis of monomeric and dimeric hemoglobins. AB - The monomeric hemoglobins of Chironomus tentans and C. pallidivittatus have been isolated and separated into their respective components by gel chromatography on Sephadex G-75 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel. The amino acid compositions of the purified components are given. The sequence of the 30 N terminal amino acid residues of one of the monomeric components (Hb I from C. pallidivittatus) was determined and found to be identical in almost all of its parts with the monomeric hemoglobins of C. thummi (CTT III and CTT IV). Antibodies against the monomeric hemoglobins Hb I and Hb IIc and the dimeric fraction were highly specific and no cross reaction between dimeric and monomeric hemoglobins could be demonstrated. The antibodies against the monomers crossreact with the monomeric hemoglobins CTT III and CTT IV of C. thummi. Taken together with genetic data, the immunological results indicate that divergence of monomeric from dimeric forms was an early event in the evolution of the various hemoglobins in Chironomus. PMID- 6801269 TI - Ossifying capillary hemangioma of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses - a case report. AB - A rare lesion of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses, an ossifying capillary hemangioma, is presented. The therapeutic options and our choice of embolization followed one day later by radical surgery under hypotensive, hypothermic anesthesia are discussed. The principles of therapy involved in this lesion apply to the management of any large vascular tumor of the head and neck. PMID- 6801270 TI - Unanticipated vesicoureteral reflux: a possible sequela of long-term thio-tepa instillations to the bladder. AB - Vesicoureteral reflux was studied by retrograde cystograms in 75 patients with recurrent transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Unilateral reflux was detected in 6 of the 14 patients (42.8 per cent) treated by transurethral resection of the bladder tumors. Five of these cases of reflux were anticipated and 1 was unanticipated. Among 61 patients treated by tumor resection and adjuvant instillations of thio-tepa reflux was found in 33 ureters of 25 patients (41.0 per cent). Of the 33 cases of reflux 15 were anticipated, while 18 were unanticipated. All the anticipated cases of reflux resulted from the direct effect of tumor resection on the ureteral orifice. The effect of thio-tepa on bladder mucosa and the ureteral orifices is suggested as a possible cause of the unanticipated cases of reflux. PMID- 6801271 TI - Excision of pyelocaliceal diverticulum under renal hypothermia. PMID- 6801272 TI - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in an infant. PMID- 6801273 TI - The comparative medical costs of 2 major procedures available for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. AB - Female urinary stress incontinence is a common surgical problem. We reviewed the case records of 71 women who were operated upon for stress incontinence at our medical center from 1975 to 1980. Of these women 30 underwent the Pereyra-Stamey endoscopically controlled suspension of the bladder neck and 41 underwent the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz repair. We compared the major components of care contributing to the cost of each surgical procedure. At current 1980 prices a significant saving of 4 days in hospital stay and of $2,500 in total medical costs can be effected by choosing the Pereyra-Stamey technique over the Marshall Marchetti-Krantz procedure. No important differences were noted in complications, operating room time or surgeon's fees. PMID- 6801274 TI - Pulmonary emboli associated with coagulum pyelolithotomy. AB - Coagulum pyelolithotomy has become a popular means to extract renal calculi in selected circumstances. Serious complications with this procedure have not been previously reported. A case report of an operative death due to a pulmonary embolus is presented, because of which we designed a canine laboratory study to determine the relationship between coagulum injection into the renal pelvis and thrombo-embolic phenomena. Positive lung scans were detected in a large number of animals related to the volume of the coagulum used and the concentration of the thrombin injected. Judicious use of this procedure with suggested cautions is proposed. PMID- 6801275 TI - Synthetic peptide dissolves fats, helps fight cholesterol. PMID- 6801276 TI - Cost-effectiveness of PUVA therapy: Further considerations. PMID- 6801277 TI - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 disease in adults. PMID- 6801278 TI - Evaluation of euthyroid solitary. Autonomous nodule of the thyroid gland. Importance of scintillation scanning and thyrotropin-releasing hormone testing. AB - The euthyroid autonomous nodule of the thyroid may escape diagnosis if only the usual criterion of less than 50% suppression of radioactive iodine uptake, (RAIU) after administration of liothyronine sodium is employed. This was the case in four patients who had thyrotoxic response to suppressive therapy, which had been given as a result of the improper conclusion that a nodule was hyperplastic, after the RAIU had fallen. We studied 95 patients with a solitary functioning nodule and found ten euthyroid persons (11 tests) in whom scintiscans showed persistent function in the nodule in spite of suppression of the RAIU by more than 50%. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone test demonstrated lack of thyroid stimulating hormone responsiveness after administration of liothyronine, proving adequacy of the suppressive dose. Diagnosis of an autonomous nodule should not be excluded unless a scintiscan reveals that its function, in distinction to the rest of the gland, is curtailed by adequate suppression. PMID- 6801280 TI - Of menses--pills and IUDs--neisseria--and flings--(with apologies to Lewis Carroll) PMID- 6801279 TI - Effect of menstrual cycle and method of contraception on recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - We examined the records of 5,287 women who were names as sexual contacts of men who had gonococcal urethritis in the National Gonorrhea Therapy Monitoring Study. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was recovered from endocervical cultures from 3,247 (61.4%) of the women. Participants who were seen during the first five days of the menstrual cycle were slightly more likely to have a positive culture (64.9%) than women who were seen on days 6 through 10 (61.3%), days 11 through 15 (60.0%), days 16 through 20 (59.8%), days 21 through 25 (60.4%), or after day 25 (61.2%). Similar data were obtained for 1,489 untreated women who presented because a recent screening culture contained N gonorrhoeae. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from pretreatment cultures from 231 (79.7%) of 290 such women who were examined during the first five days of their menstrual cycle and from 884 (73.7%) of 1,199 women who were examined later in the cycle. Method of contraception had no statistically significant influence on the recovery of N gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6801281 TI - Prolonged hyperalimentation in catabolic chronic dialysis therapy patients. AB - Plasma concentrations of 25 essential (EAA) and nonessential (NEAA) amino acids were measured pre- and postdialysis in 46 chronic hemodialysis therapy (CDT) patients. Sixteen of these patients with prior weight loss of 14.5 +/- 2.37 pounds in 24 months were administered a GAA solution (EAA + NEAA + glucose) for 20 weeks during each dialysis. Eight of these patients (group 1) responded with improved appetite and weight gain; the remaining eight patients (group 2) with clinically advanced metabolic bone disease continued to lose weight. Five other patients (group 14), biochemically similar to group 1 but with shorter prior dialysis experience, who received EAA (plus glucose) hyperalimentation (including oral I-histidine), experienced weight gain similar to group 1 but displayed significantly different plasma aminograms indicating a deficit of NEAA. When EAA and glucose hyperalimentation was administered without histidine (1 patient) no weight gain occurred and aminograms differed significantly from other groups. Plasma aminograms of 25 weight-stable, nonhyperalimented CDT patients were obtained for comparison. Results indicate GAA hyperalimentation can promote weight gain in catabolic CDT patients with inadequate prior nutritional intake (as in groups 1 and 14) but cannot reverse weight loss when the primary clinical setting is advanced metabolic bone disease and myopathy due to hyperparathyroidism (group 2). Hyperalimentation with glucose and an amino acid solution specifically tailored to the needs of CDT patients may improve results. Plasma phosphoethanolamine levels, normal for weight-stable and elevated in catabolic CDT patients, suggest a possible role for phosphoethanolamine as a marker for catabolism. PMID- 6801282 TI - The effect of total parenteral nutrition or elemental diet on pancreatic proteolytic activity and ultrastructure. AB - Previous reports regarding the effect of an elemental diet (ED) on pancreatic secretion have been conflicting. This study was designed to assess the effect of a high-nitrogen ED or total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on proteolytic activity in the pancreatic exocrine cell. Forty-eight dogs were divided into 12 groups of 4 each. Group I (control) was fed commercial dog food. Groups II, III, and IV received 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively, of 25% glucose with 4.25% amino acids. Groups V, VI, and VII received 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively, of 25% glucose with 2.75% amino acids. Groups VIII, IX, and X received 3 days of ED given orally, via gastrostomy or jejunostomy, respectively. Groups XI and XII received 1 day each of either 2.75% amino acids or 25% glucose. The pancreas of each dog was then resected and processed for electron microscopy, or minced and analyzed for tryptic activity expressed as micromoles of benzoyl arginine ethyl ester (BAEE) digested per milligram of pancreatic protein. There were no significant differences in ultrastructure or in the levels of pancreatic tryptic activity between the control and the 11 experimental groups. It appears that during the short period of our treatment with TPN as well as ED, the exocrine cell retains its normal content of proteolytic enzyme. Reports of others that pancreatic secretion volume decreases with TPN and ED, coupled with our findings of stable intracellular tryptic activity, indicate that the synthesis and release of proteolytic enzymes have actually been reduced by TPN and ED. Thus, TPN or ED should benefit the patient with pancreatitis by decreasing pancreatic secretion as well as pancreatic proteolytic enzyme synthesis. PMID- 6801283 TI - Oral correction of essential fatty acid deficiency in cystic fibrosis. AB - A combination of pancreatic insufficiency and inadequate caloric intake may produce essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency in patients with cystic fibrosis. Seventy-five percent of the adolescents and young adults with poor weight gain in our clinic were EFA-deficient by total plasma linoleic acid criteria. Twenty of these patients were placed on an oral hyperalimentation regimen containing 230% of calories required for basal energy expenditure, 40% as fat. Forty percent of these (8/20) achieved normal EFA levels on this diet. Eight of the nonresponding patients were given an additional 5% of their caloric intake as linoleic acid monoglyceride. All who maintained caloric intake achieved normal EFA levels. Normalization of EFA levels was associated with a number of clinical benefits including increase in weight and activity and, in five teenage girls, regulation of menses. The 16 control patients who received standard pancrelipase therapy and nutritional supplements remained fatty acid deficient. We conclude that oral hyperalimentation can restore EFA levels in cystic fibrosis patients if adequate calories are available to provide energy needs. PMID- 6801284 TI - Urinary carnitine excretion in surgical patients on total parenteral nutrition. AB - Urinary free and total carnitine excretions were measured in 41 normal adults and seven surgical patients on fat-free total parenteral nutrition for 8 to 45 days. The means (+/-SEM) of urinary free and total carnitine excretion in normal adults were 162 +/- 19 and 328 +/- 28 micrometers/days, respectively. All of the patients exhibited protein-calorie malnutrition with a mean carnitine intake of 11.6 +/- 1.5 micrometers/day. Under this stringent carnitine economy with the adequate supply of lysine and methionine, urinary total carnitine excretion significantly reduced to 127 to 162 micrometers/day. This probably reflects the carnitine biosynthetic rate. However, during the periods of operation and/or infection, urinary total carnitine excretion significantly increased 2- to 7-fold that of normal levels. Significant positive correlation was found between the two forms of urinary carnitine and total nitrogen excretions. Serum free and total carnitine levels in patients were significantly higher than normal adults. Such findings can be explained by the endocrine responses to the stress phenomenon and indicate a catabolic response of skeletal muscle in which most of the body carnitine resides. This can impair their carnitine status. PMID- 6801285 TI - The effect of intravenous doxycycline hyclate on total parenteral nutrition in protein malnourished rats. AB - To study the effects of intravenous doxycycline hyclate on protein malnourished rats, 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 234 to 277 g, were protein depleted for 6 weeks then randomly assigned to one of two groups: group I (10 rats), total parenteral nutrition with intravenous doxycycline hyclate injections, group II (10 rats), total parenteral nutrition with normal saline injections. Both groups were then protein repleted for 7 days. Body weight; fluid intake; urine output; liver, spleen, and lung weights; nitrogen content; and serum proteins were measured. The antibiotic dosage given was 10 mg/kg body weight/day or 0.1688 +/- 0.0046 mg/kg. There was no significant difference in starting weight, weight after 6 weeks of protein depletion, weight at sacrifice, or weight gain between groups I and II. Average fluid intake/day for groups I (50 +/- 2 ml) and II (51 +/- 3 ml) were not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in average urine output/day nitrogen balance, liver weight, and liver nitrogen, spleen and lung weights, or serum albumin levels (Groups I, 2.84 +/- 0.48 g%, Group II, 2.72 +/- 0.24 g+). Intravenous doxycycline hyclate does not appear to have a protein catabolic effect on protein malnourished rats receiving total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6801286 TI - Assessing energy requirements of patients on respirators. AB - This report documents a specific situation in which indirect calorimetry produced large overestimations of oxygen consumption and energy expenditure of a patient on a respirator. High positive-end expiratory pressures combined with high fractional concentrations of O2 led to perforation of lung parenchyma with considerable loss of O2, which produced subcutaneous emphysema and recurrent pneumothoraces. Typical calculations for determining energy expenditure from O2 consumption, therefore, could not be employed. Calculations utilizing the volume of CO2 expired, however, were less sensitive and variable during this time period. Resting energy expenditures were calculated from the volume of CO2 expired by using 5.52 kcal/l as the caloric equivalent of CO2. This procedure does not overestimate energy needs when a physiological gas leak exists (high positive-end expiratory pressures and high fractional concentrations of O2 or chest tube). This is very important in the ventilatory patient as excess carbohydrate can further stress the compromised pulmonary status. PMID- 6801287 TI - Home total parenteral nutrition: a psycho-social viewpoint. AB - Home total parenteral nutrition (TPN) usually necessitates major and probably permanent changes in the patient's major and probably changes in the patient's lifestyle. Among the nonmedical, nontechnological issues these patients face are the need to: (1) adhere to prescribed regimens to avoid crises and to control symptoms; (2) alter their self-perceptions; (3) modify their accustomed roles; (4) reorder their priorities and re-think their values; (5) deal with machine and medical center dependency; (6) assign a monetary value to their lives. The emotional and environmental pressures that are the chief issues for these patients include financial, employment, psychological, and interpersonal problems such as depression, anger, anxiety, relief, body image, and self-esteem. Patients on hom TPN are best treated with a clinical team that serves both the patient and family as individuals and as a social system. Services offered include: (1) medical diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation; (2) professional and technical support services including pharmacy, dietary, and nursing to teach, demonstrated and monitor self-care, nutrition, and use of the home TPN system; and (3) professional social work services to assist patients and families to deal with the feelings, relationships, environmental pressures, and advocacy needs associated with home TPN. PMID- 6801288 TI - Employment of a mobile infusion system for continuous ambulatory tube feeding. PMID- 6801289 TI - Home parenteral nutrition with full-time home care nurses. AB - A group of patients exists who cannot manage home parenteral nutrition (HPN) due to debilitating conditions and/or lack of family resources. They are limited to either nursing home placement or extended hospitalization unless home nursing care is provided. A 58-year-old single female with malabsorption secondary to scleroderma was sent home on cyclic HPN under the supervision of full-time home care nurses. A comprehensive patient-centered nurse training program was designed to teach nursing personnel from a private nursing service the theory and practice of HPN. Each nurse must achieve at least 80% in the theory posttest and demonstrate the competent performance of central venous catheter care, mixing of parenteral nutrition solutions, use of infusion pump, and application of the heparin lock. The results of the pre- and posttests have shown that the home care nurses have been able to learn the theory necessary for implementing HPN. The mean pretest value was 46% while the mean posttest value was 90% (n = 12, p = 0.01). The patient has been doing very well at home for 5 months in this psychologically, medically, and financially effective program covered by third party payers. To the best of our knowledge, this program has never before been accomplished. PMID- 6801290 TI - Ascorbic acid deficiency. PMID- 6801291 TI - Latent coronary spasm during angina-free periods in patients with variant angina. Comparative study with nitroglycerin administration. PMID- 6801292 TI - [Chemical and biological properties of endotoxin of pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801293 TI - [Studies on administration of S-sulfonated immunoglobulin (GGS) to patients with multiple myeloma -The method for determination of serum GGS levels and the metabolism in the patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801295 TI - [Case of pemphigus vulgaris with development of factor VIII inhibitor: successful treatment with plasma exchange]. PMID- 6801296 TI - [Plasma exchange in Weber-Christian disease and a case with anti-factor VIII antibody]. PMID- 6801294 TI - [A case with two M-components (IgG-kappa, IgA-kappa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801297 TI - [Plasma exchange in the pregnant rh-sensititized woman]. PMID- 6801298 TI - [Studies on platelets in diabetic patients. Part 1: Platelet aggregation, volume and microviscosity in diabetes mellitus treated with diet, antidiabetic agent and insulin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801299 TI - [A case of IgD- gamma type multiple myeloma associated with huge extramedullary tumor (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801300 TI - [A case of multiple myeloma (IgA, lambda + BJP, kappa ) presenting pericardial infiltration (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801302 TI - [Physiology of respiratory system and oxygen-carbon dioxide transport mechanism]. PMID- 6801301 TI - [A case of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: evolution into immunoblastic sarcoma associated with polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801303 TI - [Instruments for blood gas analysis--recent progress and problems]. PMID- 6801304 TI - [Acid-base imbalance in pulmonary disorders]. PMID- 6801305 TI - [Acid-base imbalance in heart failure]. PMID- 6801306 TI - [Acid-base imbalance in diabetes]. PMID- 6801308 TI - [B-lymphocyte leukemia. B-lymphocytosis and immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6801307 TI - [Acid-base imbalance produced by drugs and solutions]. PMID- 6801309 TI - [Genetic biochemistry of carbonic anhydrase]. PMID- 6801310 TI - [Respiratory control system with nonlinear inverse to maintain constant alveolar CO2 concentration (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801311 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of man and monkeys. 21. Pregnancy in monkeys (VIII)]. PMID- 6801312 TI - [Process leading to the adoption of the open system at the psychiatric ward of Kamiyama Hospital: with special reference to interactions with the local residents]. PMID- 6801313 TI - [Implications of the open system at the psychiatric ward for patients]. PMID- 6801314 TI - [Treatment at a psychiatric hospital operated under an open system--an example at Sanmaibashi Hospital]. PMID- 6801315 TI - [Significance of the placebo]. PMID- 6801316 TI - [Trial application of a placebo]. PMID- 6801317 TI - [On the placebo effect]. PMID- 6801318 TI - [Nursing of a manic-depressive patient who created an uproar in the ward--a case study and lesson in the importance of introspection]. PMID- 6801319 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of an adolescent girl who frequently used violence in the family: with special reference to assistance in her adjustment to daily life]. PMID- 6801320 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance for a patient who repeatedly inflicted injuries to her wrist and presented problems in nurse-patient interactions]. PMID- 6801322 TI - [Community care: state of home nursing in England. 3. Health centers and the activities of home nurses]. PMID- 6801321 TI - [Significance in listening to a patient: nursing of an aged patient in the terminal stage of cancer]. PMID- 6801323 TI - [Scenes of life and death. 11. A nurse supporting her brother suffering from sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6801325 TI - [Physiology and hygiene of smoking. 4. Smoking and lung cancer]. PMID- 6801324 TI - [Introduction to computers. 11. Importance of the binary system]. PMID- 6801326 TI - [Questions and answers on hepatic, cystic, and pancreatic diseases. 8. Cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6801327 TI - [Transactional analysis. 6. Desire for a stroking. (1)]. PMID- 6801328 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Mr. Kazuo Kosaka active in the campaign to promote human rights of a psychiatric patient]. PMID- 6801329 TI - [Viva La Plata: life with the Japanese in Argentina. II. Boarding at Japanese Argentinian families]. PMID- 6801330 TI - [Critical care: its practice and guidelines (the basic rules)]. PMID- 6801332 TI - [Ethical problems in critical care]. PMID- 6801331 TI - [Liaison psychiatry in critical care: ICU neurosis and its care]. PMID- 6801333 TI - [Nursing in the postoperative care unit]. PMID- 6801334 TI - [Practice of primary nursing in the ICU]. PMID- 6801335 TI - [Individualized care at the ICU: a blind spot in ICU nursing]. PMID- 6801336 TI - [Bedside nursing. Assistance for an aged patient with chronic neurological disease in an effort to increase the extent of his ADL]. PMID- 6801337 TI - [Nursing of a patient with cerebellospinal degeneration and repeated affective disturbances]. PMID- 6801338 TI - [Nursing of a patient with psychiatric symptoms due to neoplastic metastasis]. PMID- 6801339 TI - [A lesson in understanding patients]. PMID- 6801341 TI - [At a scene of life and death. 12. Life of a nurse caring for leprosy patients]. PMID- 6801340 TI - [Community care: the status of home nursing in England. 4. Home care, the answer to the problems of death and aging in the fields of medicine and welfare]. PMID- 6801342 TI - [Introduction to computers. 12. The home computer and machine language]. PMID- 6801344 TI - [Questions and answers on hepatic, cystic and pancreatic diseases. 9. Biliary tract neoplasms]. PMID- 6801343 TI - [Physiology and hygiene of smoking. 5. Smoking and circulatory function]. PMID- 6801345 TI - [Transactional analysis. 7. A desire for stroking (2)]. PMID- 6801346 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Terue Furumai who participates in nursing activities at a clinic in the mountains during summer months]. PMID- 6801348 TI - [Transactional analysis in nursing. 8. Desire for structuring time]. PMID- 6801347 TI - [Viva La Plata: the life with Japanese in Argentina. 12. At the end of the stay]. PMID- 6801349 TI - [Aging report: geriatric care in England. 1]. PMID- 6801350 TI - [Malawi, a small country in Africa]. PMID- 6801351 TI - [Preparation of a patient with prolonged consciousness disorder for discharge]. PMID- 6801352 TI - [Problems of vegetative patients at discharge and instructions to be given to their families]. PMID- 6801353 TI - [Assistance in home care of a patient with a brain tumor with associated neurological deficits]. PMID- 6801354 TI - [Preparation for discharge of a patient with a consciousness disorder]. PMID- 6801356 TI - [Assistance and related problems of patients with prolonged consciousness disorders--background leading to their discharge]. PMID- 6801355 TI - [Assistance in discharge of an infant with a severe consciousness disorder]. PMID- 6801357 TI - [Discharge of patients with prolonged consciousness disorders. Discussion]. PMID- 6801358 TI - [Bedside nursing. Nursing of a child with thyroid crises requiring prolonged respiratory care]. PMID- 6801359 TI - [Nursing of a patient with open comminuted fracture with special reference to bathing in Hibitane (chlorhexidine)]. PMID- 6801360 TI - [Nursing ideas: a holder to contain the sand bag stabilizing a urine collection bag]. PMID- 6801361 TI - [Guide for study at American nursing colleges]. PMID- 6801363 TI - [Introduction to computers. 13. Can a head nurse construct a computer?]. PMID- 6801365 TI - [Questions and answers to hepatic, cystic, and pancreatic diseases. 10. Pancreatitis]. PMID- 6801364 TI - [Physiology and hygiene of smoking. 6. Smoking and ischemic heart diseases]. PMID- 6801362 TI - [The hospice: a report on terminal care in the United States. 1. The hospice at St. Luke's hospital: a hospital-based hospice]. PMID- 6801366 TI - Protection by sodium thiosulfate and thiourea against lethal toxicity of cis diamminedichloroplatinum (II) in bacteria and mice. AB - The protective effect of sodium thiosulfate and thiourea on the lethal toxicity of the antitumor drug, cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (cis-DDP), was investigated in bacteria and mice. Initially, the agents capable of antagonizing bactericidal activity of cis-DDP were screened using WP2 uvra, a strain of E. coli sensitive to this drug. Of the ten sulfur-containing compounds tested, thiourea and sodium thiosulfate exhibited potent protecting effects against cis DDP cytotoxicity in bacteria. Propylthiouracil and methimazole showed intermediate levels of such protection, but the other 6 compounds had little or no protective effects. Thiourea and sodium thiosulfate were then subjected to the acute lethal toxicity test in mice to assess their protective activity in vivo. We found that cis-DDP i.v. lethality against mice can be blocked almost completely by excess amounts of thiourea or sodium thiosulfate. Thiourea protected against cis-DDP toxicity with a narrow range among the effective doses, while sodium thiosulfate was protective with a remarkably wide range of effective doses. The effectiveness of sodium thiosulfate was also indicated in experiments in which the LD50 dose of cis-DDP (16 mg/kg) i.p. increased over the level of greater than 200 mg/kg with concomitant administration of sodium thiosulfate i.p. PMID- 6801367 TI - Vasopressin: action on WRK-1 rat mammary tumor cells. AB - WRK-1, a cell line in long-term culture derived from a 7, 12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumor, responds to physiologic concentrations of vasopressin with increased precursor incorporation into phospholipids and with increased protein accumulation. Because vasopressin has been reported to be a potent mitogen for Hela cells and 3T3 cells, a study was conducted to determine whether it could act as a mitogen for WRK-1 cells. Under no conditions was a clear-cut mitogen response to vasopressin demonstrated. PMID- 6801368 TI - [Medical topics. Non-A non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6801369 TI - [Pharmacodynamics of nitroglycerin for sublingual medication in ischemic heart disease]. AB - The hemodynamic effect of sublingual nitroglycerin (0.5 mg) was studied in 113 patients with ischemic heart disease by means of tetrapolar finger rheoplethysmography and impedance-cardiography. A decrease in systemic arterial pressure, stroke and minute cardiac indices and ejection period, and increase in the rate of cardiac rhythm were found. In 8% of cases there was a negative reaction to nitroglycerin manifested by a marked drop in arterial pressure and increase in the rate of cardiac contractions. In 40% of patients a negative "after--effect" was recorded following cessation of the direct effect of nitroglycerin. The most informative index of the effect of nitroglycerin was its peripheral activity. According to the duration of the hemodynamic effect of a standard nitroglycerin dose, three groups of patients are distinguished. PMID- 6801370 TI - Circulating immune complexes in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC), measured by the solid-phase Clq method, were found to be in abnormal concentration in about half of 39 patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). In contrast, they were present, usually in higher concentration, in nearly all patients with active lupus nephritis. Correlations between clinical course and CIC levels in patients with MPGN showed that complexes were always present when the disease was mild or "silent," but when renal impairment developed or was incipient, complexes were nearly always absent. In patients with disease of intermediate severity, characterized by definite proteinuria but without renal impairment, 50% had complexes. The presence of complexes when glomerular abnormality is relatively slight could be interpreted as indicating that the complexes measured were not nephritogenic, or that they program subsequent events that augment glomerular injury in the absence of complexes. The measurement of CIC in MPGN appears to have minimal value both in diagnosis and in determining prognosis. PMID- 6801371 TI - Filtered bicarbonate and plasma pH as determinants of renal bicarbonate reabsorption. AB - To examine if bicarbonate reabsorption varies with filtered bicarbonate and plasma pH, we infused anesthetized dogs i.v. with sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate to alter plasma bicarbonate concentration (PHCO3) without changing hematocrit. Examinations in five dogs over a wide range of glomerular filtration rates (GFR) during ethacrynic acid infusion showed that bicarbonate reabsorption at equal filtered load and equal plasma pH of 7.5 was not significantly changed by increasing PHCO3 from 30.2 +/- 0.4 to 55.2 +/- 0.6 mM and PCO2 from 33.8 +/- 0.7 to 74.1 +/- 2.1 mm Hg. Examinations during respiratory and metabolic alkalosis in five dogs at plasma pH of 7.8 showed that bicarbonate reabsorption at equal filtered load was not significantly different at a PCO2 of 20.2 +/- 0.8 and 36.8 +/- 0.8 mm Hg. Finally, in five dogs that did not receive ethacrynic acid, plasma pH was lowered by inducing respiratory acidosis at a PHCO3 of 30 mM and raised during progressive respiratory and metabolic alkalosis, Bicarbonate reabsorption was linearly related to plasma pH within the range 7.1 to 7.85 (r = 0.92). By altering plasma pH by 0.1 unit, bicarbonate reabsorption was altered by 10 +/- 1%. Thus, filtered bicarbonate rather than GFR and plasma pH rather than PCO2 are important acute regulators of bicarbonate reabsorption. This regulation may be achieved by determining pH and bicarbonate concentration in the luminal fluid along the proximal tubules. PMID- 6801372 TI - Morphometry and fluid reabsorption during peristaltic flow in hamster renal papillary collecting ducts. PMID- 6801373 TI - [Semiquantitative immunologic albumin demonstration and demonstration of lactase activity in meconium screening for cystic fibrosis]. PMID- 6801374 TI - [Pathology of the pancreatobiliary system due to paracholedochal diverticulum of the duodenum]. PMID- 6801375 TI - [Annular pancreas associated with ulcerated duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 6801376 TI - [Congenital cysts of the biliary tract (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6801377 TI - [Corneal unilateral hypertrophy with contralateral keratoconus in a case of profound mental retardation due to probable mucopolysaccharidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801379 TI - [Rendering first aid at the accident site]. PMID- 6801378 TI - [Rearing problems and prognosis of premature infants less than 28 weeks of gestation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801380 TI - [Transfer in the accident-ambulance until admission to the hospital room. Situation and measures]. PMID- 6801381 TI - [Artificial skin for burns, technological advance in the USA]. PMID- 6801382 TI - [The emergency physician in the system of the rescue organization]. PMID- 6801383 TI - [Rescue technicians - discrepancy between tasks and training]. PMID- 6801384 TI - [What happens in shock? The first 10 minutes are crucial]. PMID- 6801385 TI - [First aid measures in critical situations. Civil defense concerns us all]. PMID- 6801387 TI - [Precautionary measures - "provision packet". From the Federal Association for Self Defense]. PMID- 6801386 TI - [The significance of the relationship between therapist and patient in psychiatry]. PMID- 6801388 TI - [Prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections]. PMID- 6801389 TI - [Our look back at the year 1952. Agness Karll (3-25-1868 - 2-12-1927)]. PMID- 6801390 TI - [Provisional and welfare measures for older persons; viewpoint of the European Council]. PMID- 6801391 TI - [Quo vadis, health care system?]. PMID- 6801392 TI - An outbreak of hepatitis in marmosets in a zoological collection. AB - 12 marmosets of 3 different species died of hepatitis during a period of 5 months. The lesions closely resembled those of virus hepatitis in man but material from these animals and from in-contact marmosets failed to reveal the presence of hepatitis A. This together with certain aspects of the epidemiology of the disease suggests that the outbreak was not caused by a virus of human origin but possibly by a virus indigenous to the marmoset or tamarin. PMID- 6801393 TI - Reproduction, infant survival and productivity of a colony of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus). AB - Starting with 4 pairs of marmosets, 204 young were successfully reared during 6 years. They were kept in family groups of 2- 10. Litter size varied from 1-4; singletons (2%), twins (35%), triplets (55%), and quadruplets (8%). The mean annual increase of weaned young was 3.24 per pair. The median interbirth interval was 154 days. Of 46 pairs of marmosets, 8 failed to produce young. Approximately 11% of young born were stillborn and a further 32% of all young born died within 3 weeks; perinatal mortality is largely a result of the failure of parents to rear more than 2 young. In only 2 of 68 triplet births did the parents rear the young unaided. 53% of young born were males but differential mortality reduced the final sex ratio for live young to 50-5% males. Females did not accept and rear the young after caesarian section. The linear regression of the growth curve for 5-17 months (where y = weight in grams and x = months) could be expressed as y = 16.6x + 163.6. The data form 4 marmoset colonies are compared and the relative efficiency of breeding methods discussed. PMID- 6801395 TI - Penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in South Carolina. PMID- 6801394 TI - Morphometric study of cardiac muscle: the problem of tissue shrinkage. AB - Comparison of data from morphometric studies dealing with the heart is complicated by the fact that little information dealing with cell size changes during tissue processing is available. To investigate these changes, isolated cardiac myocytes were adhered to glass cover slips of Sykes Moore chambers and photographed after each step of processing for transmission electron microscopy. Six different experiments with a minimum of 10 cells each were followed through the entire procedure after fixation with isoosmolar glutaraldehyde. Cellular dimension changes were determined by tracing individual isolated myocytes after each step of the procedure with a sonic digitizer. Significant cell volume changes occurred after osmium (16 per cent swelling), postosmium wash (10 per cent swelling), and uranyl acetate (25 per cent shrinkage). Hypertonic aldehyde solutions resulted in cellular shrinkage during fixation not found with isotonic solutions. Changes in cell cross-sectional area rather than length were largely responsible for altered cell volumes during any given phase of processing. The results indicate that, although cell volume changes occur during processing, final cell dimensions of embedded cells were not different from unfixed cells. In whole tissue blocks, inclusion of propylene oxide in the procedure resulted in tissue shrinkage which was not observed in isolated myocytes, suggesting that different tissue components react in a variable manner to propylene oxide. After each of the other steps in processing, tissue blocks reacted in a similar manner to the isolated myocytes. PMID- 6801396 TI - Orders not to resuscitate: dilemma for acute care as well as long term care facilities. PMID- 6801398 TI - DRG-based reimbursement: the use of concurrent and retrospective clinical data. AB - The Health Care Financing Administration is developing a new method of Medicare patient reimbursement limit setting, based on a quantification of hospital case mix through the AUTOGRP Diagnosis-Related Groups established at Yale University. The reliability of this method is dependent on the diagnosis and procedure data used as input, which should reflect the "principal" condition of the patient. HCFA's source of data is Medicare billing for 1978, some of which contains concurrent rather than retrospective diagnosis and procedure information. Billing data from large teaching hospital are examined with respect to Medical Records data. The data are evaluated, based on the diagnosis and procedure codes and on the groupings (DRGs) presently being used by HCFA; concurrent and retrospective data are found to be widely divergent on both measures. An apparent difference in complexity or extent of resource use is noted, suggesting that the data being used in HCFA's development effort may not fully represent the level of complexity of cases being treated and that reimbursement based on this data may be incorrect. PMID- 6801399 TI - A case-mix method for developing health planning criteria for hospital services. AB - The principal concern of this article is the inadequacy of the planning criteria currently being used by existing federally funded health planning agencies. A case-mix method was created for developing appropriate criteria. Chart-abstract data from New Jersey were used to create a list of those diagnoses eligible for treatment in the cardiac care unit (CCU), select a sample of hospitals for study and analyze the relationship between CCU bed need and CCU clinical practice. It was shown that existing bed-need criteria for CCU planning represent current CCU clinical practice patterns, which are probably not cost effective. The method was also used to develop empirical values of these criteria, which do represent cost effective practice. It is recommended that the method be used to strengthen and update continuously all hospital-service need criteria used in current planning activities, including Plan Development and Certificate of Need Review. PMID- 6801397 TI - The utility of serum albumin values in the nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients. AB - Nutritional assessment was performed on 47 patients admitted to a nephrology service; renal failure was present in 39 of the 47 patients. Values for serum albumin, total iron binding capacity, arm muscle circumference, triceps skin fold, and percent of ideal body weight for height and sex were determined. The 25 patients who had low serum albumin values at admission stayed in the hospital significantly (P less than 0.025) longer than those who had normal serum albumin values. No other abnormal nutrition-related finding or combination of findings was associated with a significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) longer hospital stay. Low serum albumin values were also found in 11 of the 15 patients with infection. Low serum albumin values were far and away the most common abnormal nutrition-related findings in these infected patients in addition to the finding significantly (P less than 0.025) associated with a longer hospital stay. PMID- 6801400 TI - [Neoplasia-associated monoclonal gammopathy: report of 14 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801401 TI - [Pseudopericarditis in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 6801402 TI - Antituberculous drugs. PMID- 6801403 TI - The carbon dioxide surgical laser in neurological surgery, decubitus ulcers, and burns. AB - Laser surgery has become an established part of general and specialty surgical techniques. Of all the lasers available today, the carbon dioxide laser possesses the physical and biological-surgical properties of most value to the surgeon. The CO2 laser puts out a spatially and temporally coherent beam of high intensity, infrared radiation at 10.6 micrometers, a wavelength nearly 100% absorbed by tissue. Its action is dependent on heat, and it has the ability to vaporize, cut, and excise all tissue hemostatically, sterilizing as it proceeds. Experimental work in animal patients and man has laid the groundwork for clinical application. The CO2 laser's value as a surgical tool has been clearly shown in the treatment of cancers and other neoplasms in brain, thoracic, and abdominal viscera; larynx; pharynx; nasal and sinus cavities; rectum; vulva, vagina; and uterus, for palliation and, at times, cure. It has been found of undoubted value in the debridement of decubitus ulcers and burns and has great potential for orthopedic surgery and breast surgery. The surgical laser is safe for patient and operating personnel, relatively simple to use, rapid in its action and without untoward impact on tissue locally or at a distance. PMID- 6801404 TI - Pathological and physical investigations into CO2 laser - tissue interactions with specific emphasis on cervical intraepithelial neoplasm. AB - Laser tissue interactions were studied to relate the physical biothermal changes observed in treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasias. Confirmational changes in epithelium impacted with energies of 25 joules/cm2 were related to experimental and theoretical models. Analysis of cytology, histology, and SEM were compared to a mathematical model and experimental tissue model. The apparent distribution of vaporization and heating in cervical tissue was observed to be an oblate hemispheroid. This geometrical configuration was noted in power densities from 125 W/cm2 to 800 W/cm2. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical models confirmed this geometric heat distribution. Theoretical conclusions concerning destructive modality effectiveness and tissue healing can be deduced from this triple analytical model. PMID- 6801405 TI - CO2 laser in vitreoretinal surgery. AB - Radiation from a CO2 laser has the dual effect of phototransection and photocoagulation. Incisions have been made in scleral-chorioretinal tissue, lens tissue, and the vitreous body (with and without membrane formation). Results indicate that the CO2 laser may be useful in intravitreal surgery. Its simultaneous cutting and coagulating properties may make the experimental transvitreal chorioretinal biopsy reported by Griffin et al [12] and the full thickness ocular wall resection for small melanosarcomas of the choroid reported by Peyman and Sanders [13] clinical possibilities in the not too distant future. Finally, the effects of CO2 laser radiation on the normal human lens suggests the possibility of the dissolution of cataracts by laser irradiation. PMID- 6801406 TI - Intraocular carbon dioxide laser photosurgery. AB - Intraocular carbon dioxide laser has been used for photocautery and photo incision as an adjunct to vitrectomy. This utilizes a new fluid-tissue interface application for the 10.6 micrometer wavelength infrared radiation. The use of an intraocular probe with an infrared transmitting window through a pars plana incision allows the placement of infrared energy in a fluid medium. The results of animal experimentation and of preliminary clinical trials in human patients are reported. The carbon dioxide laser appears to be a safe and reliable means of intraocular photocautery and photoincision. PMID- 6801407 TI - Development of a carbon dioxide laser cystoscope. AB - CO2 laser lesions were created at varying power densities on the exteriorized canine bladders. A 50-watt carbon dioxide continuous laser coupled to a Zeiss surgical microscope was used. A schematic power curve was developed indexing depth of bladder penetration by the laser against laser energy output. Once the optimal power settings for the carbon dioxide laser were established, vertical heat transmission, hemostasis, and healing were studied. A prototype carbon dioxide laser cystoscope was then constructed that allowed endoscopic delivery of the CO2 laser beam into the intact canine bladder. The beam was focussed by a germanium lens and directed out the end of the endoscope, using a movable mirror. Eight dogs were then endoscopically studied in vivo. PMID- 6801408 TI - The use of lasers in hemangiomas. PMID- 6801409 TI - [Estrogen and gonadotropin values in physiological and artificial postmenopause]. PMID- 6801411 TI - MCN keys to research. Measurements: reliability. PMID- 6801412 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever: a national disease. PMID- 6801410 TI - Hallucinogens as discriminative stimuli: a comparison of 4-OMe DMT and 5-OMe DMT with their methythio counterparts. AB - Rats, trained to discriminate 1.5 mg/kg of the hallucinogenic agent 5-methoxy-N,N dimethyltryptamine (5-OMe DMT) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task, were challenged with various doses of the 4-methoxy, 4-methylthio and 5 methylthio derivatives of DMT. The 5-OMe DMT cue was found to generalize to all three of these agents; the order of potency is 5-OMe greater than 5-SMe greater than 4-OMe greater than 4-SMe DMT. PMID- 6801413 TI - Somatic symptoms of expectant fathers. PMID- 6801414 TI - A practitioner comments on research findings. Understanding couvade. PMID- 6801415 TI - When couples adopt, they too need parenting classes. PMID- 6801416 TI - Childrearing patterns of young mothers: expectations, knowledge, and practices. PMID- 6801417 TI - A practitioner comments on research findings: improving parenting practices among adolescents. PMID- 6801418 TI - How parents manage jobs and a child's hospitalization. PMID- 6801420 TI - A child's right to die. PMID- 6801419 TI - Reconstituting parenteral antibiotics for children. PMID- 6801421 TI - An alternative: nasal cannula oxygen therapy for infants who are oxygen dependent. PMID- 6801422 TI - MCN pharmacopoeia. Bromocriptine: suppressing lactation. PMID- 6801423 TI - Candida albicans cytoplasmic antigens for use in serodiagnosis of systemic candidiasis. PMID- 6801424 TI - Isolation of Drosophila flightless mutants which affect myofibrillar proteins of indirect flight muscle. AB - A large number of dominant flightless mutants of Drosophila were chemically induced, and their thorax proteins were examined by chemically induced, and their thorax proteins were examined by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (O'Farrell 1975). Among them, 26 lines were found to have deficiency or reduction of some of myofibrillar proteins in indirect flight muscle (IFM). The gel patterns of the mutants could be classified into eleven groups. In general, more than a few polypeptides were either absent or reduced in each mutant line. Although the mutations affect myofibrillar proteins in apparently complex and diverse ways, logical correlations were found among the changes. There are pairs of proteins which always change together when a number of mutants are compared. There are also many pairs in which presence of one protein is necessary, but not sufficient for presence of the other. This suggests that absence of one component leads to disappearance or reduction of others which are either spatially or functionally related to the former. The correlation is possibly due to a hierarchy of the proteins in the myofibrillar assembly processes. Chromosomal loci of eleven typical mutants were examined, and it was found that most of them are located in two small regions of the second and the third chromosomes. IFM myofibrils of these mutants are either abnormal or absent in homozygotes as well as in heterozygotes. PMID- 6801425 TI - Conditional lethal mutants of Bacillus subtilis dependent on kasugamycin for growth. AB - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis dependent on the antibiotic kasugamycin have been isolated and characterised. The mutant phenotype was the result of a kasugamycin resistance mutation mapping near leu, together with a mutation conferring dependence which mapped elsewhere on the chromosome. In some cases, the latter mutation caused spectinomycin dependence in a spectinomycin resistant strain. Four mutants had detectable alterations in ribosomal proteins, which were not, however, responsible for the phenotype. These alterations were in proteins BS3, BS7, BS9, and BL15. Some mutants had defects in ribosomal subunit assembly, or altered cell morphology associated with the mutant phenotype. PMID- 6801426 TI - Codon binding and translational properties of an isoaccepting lysine tRNA peculiar to virus-transformed Cells. AB - Isoaccepting lysyl-tRNAs from virus-transformed cells in culture were fractionated in the RPC-5 system into peaks 1, 2, 4, 5a, 5, and 6. tRNALys6 previously was found predominantly associated with transformed cells. The codon response of each peak was determined in an E. coli ribosomal binding assay. tRNALys1, tRNALys2, and tRNALys4 are highly specific for the 5'AAG3' codon. tRNALys5 and tRNALys5a preferentially bind in response to AAA. tRNALys6 binds in response to AAA 3-fold better than in response to AAG. The presence of thiolated nucleosides in the anticodon regions of tRNALys5a, tRNALys5, and tRNALys6 is indicated by I2-inactivation of aminoacylation ability with no effect on the other is isoacceptors. Functional abilities of the isoacceptors were compared in a wheat germ translational system with tobacco mosaic virus RNA as messenger. All of the isoacceptors function about equally well in translation except for tRNALys6, which is only 14 to 24% as effective as the other isoacceptors. PMID- 6801427 TI - Intergenic suppressors of temperature-sensitive sporulation in Bacillus subtilis are allele non-specific. AB - The Bacillus subtilis mutant cal1 carries a non-reverting mutation in ribosomal protein L17 (r-protein L17) that causes both resistance to the antibiotic chalcomycin (Calr) and temperature-sensitive sporulation (Spots). Second-site suppressor (rev) mutations that relieve the Spots phenotype have been isolated from cal1. Three suppressor mutations - rev4, rev10, rev11 - each increase the sporulation frequency of cal1 at the non-permissive temperature from 3% to 95% of the wild-type level. The cal1 rev strains remain resistant to chalcomycin and two dimensional gel electrophoresis analysis indicates that they contain the same altered r-protein L17 as the original cal1 strain and no additional altered r proteins. The three rev mutations have been mapped at a single locus between narA and sacA on the B. subtilis chromosome and recombination indexes for the rev mutations indicate that they are tightly linked to one another. Antibiotic resistance Spots mutations that cause temperature-sensitive sporulation have previously been isolated in RNA polymerase, in the 30S and 50S subunits of the ribosome, and in elongation factor G. The rev4, 10, and 11 suppressor mutations are non-specific in their action in that they restore significant levels of sporulation at the non-permissive temperature in all of the Spots strains that we have tested. This result suggests that Spots mutations in components of the B. subtilis transcription and translation systems share a common molecular basis for their sporulation-defective phenotypes. PMID- 6801428 TI - Macrolide and aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance mutations in the bacillus subtilis ribosome resulting in temperature-sensitive sporulation. AB - Mutants of Bacillus subtilis resistant to various macrolide antibiotics have been isolated and characterized with respect to their sporulation phenotype and the electrophoretic mobility of their ribosomal proteins (r-proteins). Two types of major alterations of r-protein L17, one probably due to a small deletion, are found among mutants exhibiting high-level macrolide resistance. These mutants are all temperature-sensitive for sporulation (Spots). Low-level resistance to some macrolides is found to be associated with minor alterations in r-protein L17. These mutations do not cause a defective sporulation phenotype. All of the macrolide resistance mutations map at the same locus within the Str-Spc region of the B. subtilis chromosome. Hence, changes in a single ribosomal protein can result in different sporulation phenotypes. Mutants resistant to the aminoglycoside antibiotics neomycin and kanamycin have been isolated. Approximately 5% of these are Spots. Representative mutations, neo162 and kan25, cause concomitant drug resistance and sporulation temperature-sensitivity and map a single-site lesions in the Str-Spc region of the chromosome. Strains bearing neo162 or kan25 are equally cross-resistant to streptomycin or spectinomycin. These mutations define a new B. subtilis drug resistance locus at which mutation can cause defective sporulation. PMID- 6801430 TI - Physiological suppression of Bacillus subtilis conditioned sporulation phenotypes: RNA polymerase and ribosomal mutations. AB - The temperature-sensitive sporulation phenotype (Spots) of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase, ribosomal and protein synthesis elongation factor G mutations can be corrected by supplementing the growth medium with carbohydrates such as ribose or glycerol, or with synthetic lipids such as Tween 40. The data suggest that these mutations affect a single common aspect of developmental cell function. It is proposed that these lesions prevent sporulation by disturbing the regulation of sporulating cell metabolic balance. PMID- 6801431 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of a small heat shock protein (hsp 23) in salivary gland cells of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An aggregate present in cell-free extracts of Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells, sedimenting at 20 to 30S, contains hsps 23, 26 and 27. Hsp 23 was purified from this aggregate and a monospecific antibody was raised against it. Immunofluorescence microscopy showed the presence of hsp 23 preferentially in nuclei after heat shock, while on return to 25 degrees C, hsp 23 was reduced in nuclei and increased in the cytoplasm. Thus the immunofluorescence observations reported here unambiguously confirm for hsp 23 earlier reports that heat shock proteins are mainly found in nuclei after heat shock and that upon return to 25 degrees C, they move to the cytoplasm. PMID- 6801429 TI - Physiological suppression of the temperature-sensitive sporulation defect in a Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase mutant. AB - Five hundred putative RNA polymerase mutants of Bacillus subtilis were isolated by selecting for resistance to the RNA polymerase inhibitors rifampin (Rifr), streptovaricin (Strr) or streptolydigan (Stdr). This collection was screened for mutants that were unable to sporulate at the non-permissive temperature of 46 degrees C, yet which sporulated well at 37 degrees C and had normal vegetative growth (Spots phenotype). Nearly one half of the Rifr and one quarter of the Stvr mutants were Spots, whereas none of the Stdr mutants had this phenotype. The streptovaricin resistant strain stv84 was studied in detail. The stv84 mutation maps between cysA14 and strA39 on the B. subtilis chromosome, and the Stvr and Spots phenotypes cotransform at a frequency of 100%. The Spots phenotype of stv84 could be physiologically corrected by supplementing the growth medium with inhibitors of RNA synthesis such as rifampin or azauracil, with carbohydrates such as ribose, mannose or glycerol, or with lipids such as Tween 40 or fatty acids native to Bacillus subtilis membranes. A Spots phenotype resembling that of stv84 was produced in wild type B. subtilis by adding cerulenin, an inhibitor of fatty acid biosynthesis, to the growth medium. This cerulenin-induced sporulation defect was reversed by the same treatments that correct the temperature-sensitive genetic defect of stv84. These data indicate that the Spots phenotype of strain stv84 is not due to an intrinsic inability of the mutant RNA polymerase to transcribe developmentally-specific genes at the nonpermissive temperature. Rather, the data suggest that the stv84 lesion causes a physiological imbalance which disrupts membrane structure or function in sporulating cells. PMID- 6801432 TI - A comparison of the ribosomal proteins of Drosophila ovary, adult, and embryo. AB - The proteins in the 80S ribosomes of Drosophila melanogaster ovaries and adults have been characterized by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When ribosomal proteins of ovaries and adults were compared with those from embryos, all 3 tissues showed a similar number of proteins. In addition, qualitatively, the electrophoretograms of proteins extracted from the ribosomes of these 3 tissues were found to be indistinguishable. However, apparent quantitative differences in certain acidic proteins were observed between tissues. Using ribosomes from embryos as a standard for comparison, ribosomes from adult flies that were more than 14 days old appeared to have relatively larger amounts of acidic proteins S7 and S9, and relatively smaller amounts of acidic proteins S14 and S25/S27. The transition period occurred during the ninth to thirteenth day of adult fly development. Significant differences were not detected between ovarian and embryonic acidic ribosomal proteins. In contrast to the differential ratio of acidic proteins in ovaries, adults, and embryos, a similar distribution of basic proteins was found in these tissues. PMID- 6801433 TI - Enhanced recombination between F42lac and lambda plac5: dependence on F42lac fertility functions. AB - F42lac recombination with lambda plac5 is normally twentyfold to fiftyfold higher than recombination between lambda plac5 and a chromosomal lac gene. The presence of an fi+ R1 plasmid in the same cell as F42lac dramatically reduces this enhanced recombination level while the fi- R1drd19 plasmid has little effect. When F42lac traJ90 is tested in a sup+ strain, it shows a sharp reduction in recombination with lambda plac5 that can be largely reversed by the presence of a supF mutation that partially suppresses the traJ90 nonsense mutation. It is concluded that the enhanced recombination between F42lac and lambda plac5 is largely dependent on the constitutive expression of F42lac fertility functions. PMID- 6801434 TI - Stage dependent synthesis of heat shock induced proteins in early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsp) has been examined during the early embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. Normal protein synthesis stops after heat shock at all developmental stages, while hsp synthesis is induced only after treatment at blastoderm and later stages. The small hsps continue to be synthesised after heat shock for a longer period than the larger ones. Heat shocks at 35 degrees C, 37 degrees C and 40 degrees C were compared for their effect on hsp synthesis and the effect of heat shock on the normal course of development was analysed. PMID- 6801435 TI - Distal into proximal (Dipr): a homoeotic mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The morphology and genetical characteristics of a new dominant homoeotic mutation, called Distal into proximal (Dipr), are described. Dipr causes two main abnormalities, both of which are specific to distal regions of the adult appendages (i.e. the wing, haltere, legs, antenna, and proboscis); first that distal parts are reduced in size and second that the patterns found distally resemble those normally localised in more proximal parts. The mutation maps to the right arm of chromosome 3 and is associated with an inversion with breakpoints in 84D and 84F. Analysis of revertants of Dipr show that the right breakpoint of In(3R)Dipr is the one responsible for the mutant phenotype. Complementation analyses of Dipr revertants and dosage studies of Dipr with different doses of Dipr+ indicate that the mutant is a hypermorph affecting the normal expression of a gene localised in 84F. The developmental significance of the mutation is discussed. PMID- 6801437 TI - The value of endometrial cell sampling in the management of post-menopausal women. AB - The value of performing endometrial cytology on women receiving hormonal replacement therapy is discussed. Evidence is presented which shows that when this is routinely performed prior to beginning therapy, some 2% of women are found to have an abnormality ranging from polyps to carcinoma. When minimal dose combined oestrogen plus progestogen replacement therapy is used together with a monitoring procedure which involves routine annual Mimark endometrial sampling and curettage for abnormal cytology or bleeding, the risk of endometrial abnormality is reduced to a minimum. The benefits to be gained and the problems which detract from the use of endometrial cytology are discussed. It is recommended that every woman should have a routine cytological endometrial screening performed by a doctor experienced in the use of endometrial sampling equipment when she receives hormonal replacement therapy in the post-menopausal phase. PMID- 6801436 TI - Hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila: the mechanism of T-007-induced male recombination. AB - The term "hybrid dysgenesis" describes a syndrome of genetic effects which sometimes results when Drosophila melanogaster from wild populations are outcrossed; this syndrome often includes male recombination as well as enhanced rates of genic and chromosomal mutation, sterility, and transmission ratio distortion. In this study, we have examined the mechanism of T-007-induced male recombination by genetically characterizing third chromosomes generated by an exchange in a well-marked euchromatic region. Most recombinant chromosomes were sequentially normal, and no recessive lethal events at the point of exchange were recovered. The results demonstrate that although some recombinants may be generated by nonhomologous chromosome (or chromatid) breakage and reunion, the predominant effect of T-007 is through an enhanced rate of normal mitotic exchange. The rate of mitotic exchange is also increased by ionizing radiation and chemical mutagens; we suggest that the common factor in all three cases is the induction of single strand breaks. PMID- 6801439 TI - Hormone levels in healthy post-menopausal women and in women with post-menopausal bleeding with or without endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 6801438 TI - Assessment of synthetic steroid (Org OD 14): effect on skeletal metabolism by 24 h whole-body retention of diphosphonate. AB - Using a 24-h whole-body retention (WBR) of Tc99m hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP), a sensitive measure of skeletal metabolism, 24 women receiving the synthetic steroid hormone Org OD 14 were studied. OD 14 was found to have a powerful suppressive effect on skeletal metabolism in both oophorectomized and non-oophorectomized women when compared with control subjects (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.01, respectively). The degree of suppression was similar to that found with oestrogen therapy. While it has previously been shown that OD 14 prevents bone mineral loss (as measured by photon-absorptiometry), the present study provides further evidence as to the efficacy of this compound in suppressing skeletal metabolism. PMID- 6801440 TI - Endocrinological and clinical investigations in post-menopausal women following administration of vaginal cream containing oestriol. AB - The maturation value (MV), cervical mucus parameters (ferning, Spinnbarkeit), oestrone (E1), oestradiol (E2), oestriol (E3), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), thyrotropin (TSH), growth hormone (GH), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) and thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG) were determined in 11 post menopausal women presenting with vaginal atrophy prior to, and following, treatment with Ovestin vaginal cream containing 0.5 mg/day of E3 for 8 wk. In 6 of the patients E3 was measured during frequent plasma sampling on days 1, 21 and 56; in the same patients and on the same days TRH-stimulated PRL, TSH and GH levels were estimated. While the therapy induced a sharp rise in the MV, there was a moderate effect on ferning/Spinnbarkeit. Baseline E3 rose from undetectable levels to a mean value of 86.8 pmol/l at day 21. E3 levels achieved during frequent plasma sampling were higher on day 1 than on days 21 and 56 - a decline of the areas under the response curves being significant (P2-sided = 0.03). There was a slight suppression of FSH and LH. No changes in the circulating levels of E1, E2, SHBG, CBG, TBG, PRL, TSH and GH were seen. TRH-stimulated PRL, TSH and GH levels remained unaffected. Clinical effect was excellent and no untoward effects were reported. PMID- 6801441 TI - Immunological responses of hamsters in the acquired immune state to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. AB - Protective effects of vaccination of hamsters against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, evaluated according to the recovery of mycoplasmas and histopathological changes in the respiratory tract after challenge infection, persisted for at least 6 months after the final vaccination. Serum antibody levels reached a maximum in the second week after the last vaccination and decreased markedly between the first and the third months, but increased again in sera obtained from animals given booster injections. Metabolism-inhibiting antibodies were detected in bronchial washings of animals showing high resistance obtained by vaccinal or passive immunization. Antiserum transfer was also effective for protection but cell-mediated immune responses were not demonstrated in any animals up to 6 months after the vaccination. Even after 10 months, suppression of both mycoplasmal proliferation and lung lesions was apparent, and a single dose of the vaccine induced a significant booster effect. These findings suggest that (1) humoral immunity is more important than cell-mediated immunity in resistance of hamsters to M. pneumoniae pneumonia, and (2) the antibody secreted in the respiratory tract may be involved in the local defense mechanisms. PMID- 6801443 TI - Aetiology of gastric diverticula - an hypothesis. PMID- 6801442 TI - Further studies of the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae possessing strong adjuvanticity. II. Serological relationship between the adjuvant polysaccharide and O3 antigen of Klebsiella. AB - The serological specificity of the neutral polysaccharide possessing extraordinarily strong adjuvanticity originally isolated from the culture supernatant of Klebsiella K1 strain Kasuya has been investigated. Among all of the reference strains (K1-K82) of Klebsiella obtained from the International Escherichia and Klebsiella Center, Statens Seruminstitut, Copenhagen, only 13 strains have been shown to produce the adjuvant polysaccharide by the passive hemagglutination inhibition test. All of these 13 strains belong to the O3 group, and the strains which belong to other O groups of which were not identifiable did not produce it. The gel precipitation test has demonstrated that the adjuvant polysaccharide is antigenically identical to O3 antigen isolated from the cells of the decapsulated mutant (strain LEN 1) of Klebsiella K1 strain Kasuya and to O9 antigen of Escherichia coli isolated from either the culture supernatant or the cells, which has already been shown to be antigenically and structurally identical to the O3 antigen of Klebsiella. PMID- 6801444 TI - The role of technology in the long-term care for the aged. AB - High technology is often erroneously implicated as a principal cause of increased medical care costs. However, thoughtful application of high technology can reduce the cost and improve the quality of medical care, especially in long-term care of the aged. The Veterans Administration rigorously evaluates various forms of high technology before incorporating them into its medical care system. PMID- 6801445 TI - Cost/benefit analysis-another dimension. PMID- 6801446 TI - Pattern of urethritis in males in a Kuala Lumpur STD (sexually transmitted diseases) clinic. PMID- 6801447 TI - Plastic syringes and intravenous infusions. PMID- 6801449 TI - Poker machine pathology: Are all those special investigations giving us better medicine? PMID- 6801450 TI - Regionalization of perinatal care: results of a cooperative community based program. PMID- 6801448 TI - Outbreak of brucellosis at a South-Australian abattoir. 1. Clinical and serological findings. AB - During the period October 1979 to May 1980, 22 cases of acute brucellosis occurred at a South Australian abattoir. We obtained blood samples for serological investigations and culture of Brucella abortus, and tested the sera using the standard agglutination test (SAT), dithiothreitol test (DTT), anti human globulin test (AHG) and complement fixation test (CFT). Patients showed large variations in antibody levels in each of these tests, both on presentation and after treatment. Blood culture was successful in six of 15 patients in whom it was attempted. Using the experience gained during the outbreak, we defined a set of serological criteria for the diagnosis of acute brucellosis, particularly in those who are occupationally exposed. PMID- 6801451 TI - Minnesota Medical Insurance Exchange (MMIE)--the first year. PMID- 6801452 TI - Diffuse small nodular disease in a 38-year-old woman. PMID- 6801453 TI - Yaws and yellow fever project--Ghana. PMID- 6801455 TI - Urban rat control--United States. PMID- 6801454 TI - Outbreak of food-borne hepatitis A--New Jersey. PMID- 6801456 TI - Smallpox vaccination. PMID- 6801457 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6801459 TI - Cat rabies exposures in Iowa--1981. PMID- 6801458 TI - School immunization requirements for measles--United States, 1982. PMID- 6801460 TI - Influenza update - United States. PMID- 6801461 TI - Human plague - United States, 1981. PMID- 6801462 TI - Smoking and cancer. PMID- 6801463 TI - Deaths among patients using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pumps - United States. PMID- 6801464 TI - Wound botulism associated with parenteral cocaine abuse--New York City. PMID- 6801466 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 1-4, 1982. PMID- 6801465 TI - Bacteremia among aortic-valve surgery patients--Boston. PMID- 6801467 TI - Dengue fever in Puerto Rico - 1981. PMID- 6801468 TI - Rubella outbreak among foreign-exchange students - Tennessee. PMID- 6801469 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6801470 TI - Influenza-worldwide. PMID- 6801471 TI - Follow-up on epidemic pneumonia with progression to neuromuscular illness--Spain. PMID- 6801472 TI - Asthma-like illness among crab-processing workers--Alaska. PMID- 6801473 TI - Vaccine-associated poliomyelitis - United States, 1981. PMID- 6801474 TI - Introduction to Table V. Premature deaths, monthly mortality, and monthly physician contacts--United States. PMID- 6801475 TI - Antigenic analysis of recent influenza isolates. PMID- 6801476 TI - Surveillance of childhood lead poisoning - United States. PMID- 6801477 TI - The immune response of BALB/c mice to phosphorylcholine is restricted to a limited number of VH- and VL-isotypes. PMID- 6801478 TI - Structural diversity among anti-p-azophenylarsonate monoclonal antibodies from A/J mice; comparison of Id- and Id+ sequences. PMID- 6801479 TI - [Phaenotypic aspects of hereditary aminoacidopathies (author's transl)]. AB - Despite considerable diagnostic progress from mass screening tests in all newborns or from sophisticated analytical efforts some patients with inborn errors of amino acid metabolism are detected only after some more or less specific clinical signs have appeared. Those may include a peculiar odor of the sweat or urine, disturbances or normal growth, and skeletal, eye, hair and skin alterations. While some of these features appear early in the course of disease and may be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance (e.g. defects in the oxidation of the branched-chain amino acids) others are noticed only in a later stage with further progress of the disease (e.g. cystathionine synthetase deficient homocystinuria tryosinemia type II, or ornithine aminotransferase deficient hyperornithinemia), when the disease may have more advanced. Therefore the physician who is engaged in the care of the newborn or takes part in any investigation program for the developing child should be aware of these signs in order to initiate further diagnostic, therapeutic, or preventive measure for the patient and his family. PMID- 6801480 TI - [High-frequency ventilation with the servo-ventilator 900 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801481 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Studies on etiology and therapy]. PMID- 6801482 TI - [Pancreas transplantation. Current significance in the treatment of juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6801483 TI - [Therapy of multiple sclerosis with immunoglobulin G]. PMID- 6801484 TI - [Practical sports medicine. 20. Functional supportive dressings in sports]. PMID- 6801485 TI - [Applied allergology. 12. Allergic blood disorders: type II cytotoxic reactions]. PMID- 6801486 TI - [Transplantation of a pancreas segment in juvenile diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6801487 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bed-side pancreaticolithiasis]. PMID- 6801488 TI - [Brain tumors]. PMID- 6801489 TI - [The juvenile ski thumb]. PMID- 6801490 TI - [Psychotropic drugs in the management of alcoholism and drug addiction?]. PMID- 6801491 TI - [Therapy of addicted patients]. PMID- 6801492 TI - [Ambulatory therapy of drug addicts with drugs?]. PMID- 6801493 TI - [Drugs and addictive behavior. Possibilities of sport therapy]. PMID- 6801494 TI - [Clonidine in opiate withdrawal. I. Principles of application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801495 TI - [Clonidine in opiate withdrawal. II. Potential side-effects]. PMID- 6801496 TI - [Clonidine in opiate withdrawal. III. Pros and cons of administration]. PMID- 6801497 TI - [Inpatient treatment of alcoholic and drug patients with apomorphine in a general practitioner private unit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801498 TI - [Nutritional rehabilitation following chronic alcohol abuse]. PMID- 6801500 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. X. The resistance factor rar-3: genetics. AB - In earlier work, immature oocytes of the irradiated population ROI4 of Drosophila melanogaster were found to be radioresistant relative to those of the basic population ROI and to those of the control population Berlin wild (+K). The resistance of ROI4 relative to ROI was previously attributed to a hypothetical "factor" rar-3. In the present paper, evidence is presented to show that rar-3 is a single, recessive genetic factor, located on chromosome 3 at a map position of about 49.8. The action of rar-3 is apparently independent of that of rar-1 and rar-2, the factors already present in ROI. PMID- 6801499 TI - In vitro synthesis of a mutagenic azide metabolite by cell-free bacterial extracts. AB - Cell-free extracts of Salmonella typhimurium synthesize a mutagenic azide metabolite from sodium azide and O-acetylserine. S. typhimurium mutant DW379 (O acetylserine sulfhydrylase-deficient) extracts were neither able to carry out this reaction not produce the mutagenic azide metabolite in vivo. The in vitro reaction was inhibited by sulfide but not by L-cysteine. The catalytic activity responsible for the mutagenic metabolite synthesis was stable to brief heating up to 55 degrees C and had a pH optimum between 7-7.4. These results suggest that the enzyme O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase catalyzes the reaction of azide with O acetylserine to form a mutagenic azide metabolite. PMID- 6801501 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XI. The resistance factor rar-3: effects in immature oocytes. AB - The effects of the radioresistance factor rar-3 on the X-ray induction of various types of genetic damage in immature oocytes (about stage 7) of Drosophila melanogaster were studied. The dose-reduction factors previously postulated for rar-3 with respect to dominant lethals (1.58), sex-linked recessive lethals (1.87), non-disjunction of major chromosomes (1.58), and homologous interchanges (1.58) were confirmed experimentally. It is concluded that all effects attributed arbitrarily to rar-3 are contributed by the single genetic factor rar-3. No differences were found in quality of sex-linked recessive lethals (Y suppression, distribution over the X) induced in either rar-3 or rar-3+. Recombination frequencies were normal in unirradiated rar-3. PMID- 6801502 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XII. The resistance factor rar-3: stage specificity. AB - In earlier studies the recessive genetic factor rar-3 (3-49.8) of Drosophila melanogaster had been found to reduce the sensitivity of immature oocytes to the mutagenic action of X-rays. The present work was devoted to an extension of these studies to other germ-cell stages in both male and female and also somatic cells. The results show that, in the female, the effects of rar-3 are manifest in all germ-cell stages including gonia and nurse cells but not in mature oocytes. In the male germ-cell stages, rar-3 was without any measurable effect; maternal effect studies were likewise negative. Somatic tissues were also unaffected. Furthermore, rar-3 was apparently not active in larval oogonia. It is therefore concluded that the activity of rar-3 is switched on in oogonia during puparium formation or metamorphosis and persists until before the formation of the mature oocyte. PMID- 6801503 TI - Mutagenicity of gamma-irradiated oxygenated and deoxygenated solutions of 2-deoxy D-ribose and D-ribose in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Solutions of 2-deoxy-D-ribose and D-ribose were gamma-irradiated under different experimental conditions and tested for mutagenicity, with and without preincubation, in Salmonella typhimurium. The irradiated sugar solutions were mutagenic in the tester strains TA100 and TA98. Except for malonaldehyde (MDA), which is not mutagenic in the concentrations produced radiolytically, the relative mutagenicities of the individual radiolytic products are unknown. With irradiated solutions of 2-deoxy-D-ribose, a relationship was found between the level of non-MDA aldehydes and the mutagenicity in TA100. Heating the irradiated solutions of 2-deoxy-D-ribose resulted in a temperature-dependent reduction of the mutagenicity. Autoclaved, non-irradiated solutions of 2-deoxy-D-ribose were not mutagenic in the Salmonella test. PMID- 6801504 TI - Mutations induced by a hormonal imbalance in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Pterin treatment of chrysalids in diapause modified the juvenile hormone- ecdysone ratio. The treatment of Drosophila donor mutant with a mixture of reduced folic acid, pterins and extract of Pierides chrysalids in diapause induced the formation of short sequences, by the intermediary of variations in hormonal balance. The effect of this variation was seen in the germinal lines especially at the gonial stage, where recessive, visible or lethal mutations were induced in the form of clusters. Genetically active fractions were found in the 4S-8S and 18S-28S sedimentation zones after saccharose gradient ultracentrifugation. The short DNA sequences coded for tRNA and rRNA. Consequently, it is there DNA sequences from the Drosophila donor mutant that altered the genetic information of the host. 2 types of recessive visible mutation appeared: those affecting the differentiation of the imaginal discs and those affecting the pigment biosynthetic chain. Recessive lethals were induced by treatment. 3 hypothesis are proposed: the first suggests the formation of a short DNA sequence complexing at a specific locus in the acceptor. The second involves transposable factors belonging to the acceptor itself, behaving as a particular transposable factor. The third supposes the induction of alterations at loci of rRNA and tRNA synthesis at the origin of perturbations in protein synthesis. The present data do not allow us to choose between the 3 hypotheses. In conclusion, it seems that a "hormonal imbalance" can have grave consequences not only for the individual itself but also for its descendants. PMID- 6801505 TI - Differential sensitivity of muntjac lymphocyte chromosomes to mitomycin C, bromodeoxyuridine and hydroxylamine at different cell-cycle stages. AB - Quantitative and qualitative analyses were made of aberrations induced by 3 hitherto well-known mutagens, mitomycin C (MC), 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HA), in muntjac chromosomes, during different stages of the cell cycle. The sensitivity to MC was increased in G1, reached its maximum in early S and was considerably decreased in late S and G2 stage treated cells. BUdR induced maximal aberrations when given during the synthetic phase and the cells in G1 and G2 were least affected. The sensitivity of the cells to HA in terms of induced chromosomal aberrations increased as they moved through the cell cycle, i.e. more damage was observed in cells treated in late S and G2 stage than in those treated at G1 and early S stages. While there were defined patterns of cell-cycle stage-dependent sensitivity for all 3 chemicals, the chromosomal sites being preferentially affected by each were found to be specific and invariant at different stages. Thus, it is presumed that the functional state of such "preferred sites" at one or other stage of the cell cycle is the factor responsible for the stage-dependent sensitivity of a cell towards these chemicals. PMID- 6801506 TI - The mutagenic potency of 1,8-dinitropyrene in cultured mouse lymphoma cells. AB - Although non-toxic, 1,8-dinitropyrene (1,8-DNP) was mutagenic for mouse lymphoma L5178Y cell when assayed for induced resistance to 6-thioguanine, methotrexate, ouabain and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine. In bacteria, nitropyrenes are potent inducers of frame-shift mutations, and the induction of ouabain-resistant mutants, believed to be due to base-pair substitutions, suggests that the mechanism of action may be different in mouse cells and bacteria. Long treatment time were required to detect 1.8-DNP-induced mutants in L5178Y cells, suggesting the possibility of an inducible activation system. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide was both toxic and mutagenic to these same 4 mutation assays after short (2h) treatment times. The dilemma that exists when comparing the mutagenic potential of test chemicals when concentration of mutagen, treatment times and toxicity are markedly different, is discussed. PMID- 6801507 TI - Comparative mutability of the Ames tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium by ultraviolet radiation and by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. AB - A standard method for determining mutant frequencies per survivor was used to study the detailed kinetics of reverse mutations of Ames tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium induced by UV and by 4NQO. After UV irradiation, strain TA1538 was non-mutable, but its plasmid-containing derivative TA98 was mutable, whereas TA1535 was mutable and its plasmid-bearing derivative TA100 was about 10 fold more mutable. After treatment with 4NQO, TA98 was less mutable than TA1538, whereas TA100 was more mutable than TA1535 by a factor of 10-50. TA1537 was slightly less mutable than TA1535 by either UV or 4NQO. The differential mutabilities of these strains are briefly discussed in relation to the "hot spot" base sequences for reversion and the nature of DNA damage caused by UV and 4NQO. PMID- 6801508 TI - Comparisons between carcinogenic potency and mutagenic potency to Salmonella in a series of derivatives of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB). AB - 8 derivatives of the rodent liver carcinogen 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB), all of known carcinogenicity in rodents, have been evaluated in the 3 major variants of the Salmonella mutation assay; the standard plate test of Ames et al., the pre incubation assay of Yahagi et al. and the fluctuation assay of Gatehouse. Although 4 of these chemicals were reported to be non-carcinogenic, and 4 to be of greater carcinogenic potency than DAB, each was mutagenic in a least 2 of the assays. Further, no quantitative correlation between carcinogenic and mutagenic potency was evident in any of the assay employed. The parent carcinogen DAB, 5 dimethylaminophenylazoindazole (a non-carcinogenic bacterial mutagen) and 6 dimethylaminophenylazobenzthiazole (a carcinogenic bacterial mutagen) were administered to rats via intraperitoneal injection, followed, 26 h later, by a sub-acute dose of [14C] dimethylnitrosamine. The histopathological condition of the livers of the treated animals was assessed together with a determination of the extent and nature of methylation by DMN of the DNA in the livers according to the method of O'Connor. Disturbances in both the pathological and DNA-related parameters were observed for the 2 carcinogens while control levels were seen for the non-carcinogen. Within this context the value of short-term assays conducted in vivo is discussed, especially their potential to identify potent mammalian carcinogens from among a collection of structurally related bacterial mutagens. PMID- 6801509 TI - Localization of malate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase and glycolytic enzymes in glycosomes and the threonine pathway in the mitochondrion of cultured procyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Procyclic culture forms of Trypanosoma brucei stock 427 have been screened for the presence of enzymes involved in glycolysis, mitochondrial energy metabolism and threonine degradation. The enzyme activities in the procyclics were compared with those of the blood stream forms. The specific activities of glycolytic enzymes represented 30-70% of the respective levels in the blood stream form, except for hexokinase which was 25-fold reduced. Cell fractionation showed that the enzymes involved in the early sequence of the glycolytic pathway, i.e. from hexokinase to phosphoglycerate kinase, and the enzymes NAD+-linked glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase and glycerol kinase were all present in glycosomes equilibrating at a density of 1.23 g/cm3 in sucrose gradients. Malate dehydrogenase was 8-fold more active in procyclics than in bloodstream forms. This increase in activity was the result of the appearance of malate dehydrogenase in the glycosomes of the procyclics, in addition to mitochondrial and cell-sap activities which were present in both stages of the life cycle. Glycosomes contained part of the adenylate kinase activity, which was also associated with the mitochondrion. Succinate dehydrogenase and sn-glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, together with oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, were located in the mitochondrion which had a density in sucrose ranging from 1.16 to 1.18 g/cm3. This organelle also contained L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase and carnitine acetyltransferase, two enzymes involved in threonine catabolism. The latter two enzymes had activities which were, respectively, 15-and 13-fold higher in the procyclics than in the bloodstream form. Mitochondrial sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was decreased 4-fold. PMID- 6801510 TI - Non-B post-transfusion hepatitis associated with hepatitis B core antibodies in donor blood. PMID- 6801511 TI - Prognosis in childhood epilepsy: additional follow-up of 148 children 15 to 23 years after withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy. AB - To evaluate the risk of relapse in children with epilepsy whose anticonvulsant therapy has been withdrawn after prolonged control, we studied 148 such children for 15 to 23 years or until relapse. Forty-one of the 148 patients (28 per cent) had recurrence of seizures; of these, 35 (85 per cent) had relapses within five years of drug withdrawal. Factors associated with an increased risk of relapse were a long duration of epilepsy before control, neurologic dysfunction, and jacksonian seizures or combinations of seizure types. We found no association between risk of recurrence and age at onset of epilepsy, total number of seizures before control, age at discontinuation of therapy, electroencephalographic abnormalities, or family history of epilepsy. We conclude that children who do not have the additional risk factors noted above have an excellent chance of remaining seizure free after the withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs. PMID- 6801512 TI - Sounding Boards. Is pK OK? PMID- 6801513 TI - Epidemiology of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections: analysis by auxotyping and serogrouping. AB - Auxotyping and serogrouping by coagglutination were used to characterize penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae and penicillinase-negative isolates from the state of Washington, Shreveport (Louisiana), and the Far East. Fifty four of 75 penicillinase-producing isolates (72 per cent) from Washington required proline for growth and were serogroup W-l (Pro-1), the predominant type of penicillinase-producing strains in the Philippines; none of 86 penicillinase negative isolates from Washington was Pro-1 (P less than 0.0001). All 38 penicillinase-producing isolates from Shreveport required proline and were serogroup W-11 (Pro-11); five of 26 penicillinase-negative isolates (19 per cent) from Shreveport were also Pro-11 (P less than 0.0001) but had antigenic specificities within serogroup W-ll that distinguished them from the penicillinase-producing isolates. We conclude that the Washington and Shreveport outbreaks resulted from the spread of imported strains rather than transmission of penicillinase-encoding plasmids to indigenous gonococci. The Shreveport outbreak involved a single strain of penicillinase-producing N, gonorrhoeae and probably originated from a common source, whereas several types were involved in the multiple-source Washington outbreak, indicating repeated introduction of new strains. PMID- 6801514 TI - Familial euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia resulting from increased thyroxine binding to thyroxine-binding prealbumin. PMID- 6801515 TI - Nutritional assessment: a comparison of clinical judgement and objective measurements. PMID- 6801517 TI - Drug abuse and the American adolescent. PMID- 6801516 TI - Increased ureagenesis and impaired nitrogen use during infusion of a synthetic amino acid formula: a controlled trial. AB - In a controlled trial conducted to assess the biologic value of High Nitrogen Vivonex, we compared this "elemental" diet with predigested protein--Product MJ7041--and with solid food during eight-day balance periods. Each formula was evaluated in three patients with malabsorption and one without it, by measuring apparent absorption of nitrogen and energy, nitrogen balance, and blood and urinary urea nitrogen. Overall energy and nitrogen absorption in the patients with malabsorption was better with either special diet than with solid food; net intestinal uptake of Vivonex tended to be higher but not consistently so in al patients. However, nitrogen balance differed consistently during the three diets; with solid food and MJ7041, retention of absorbed nitrogen was respectively, nine and 16 times greater than with Vivonex. Moreover, institution of each Vivonex period led to a prompt increase in urea nitrogen--a trend quickly reversed by the alternative diets. Although the mechanism for the impairment of nitrogen use caused by High Nitrogen Vivonex is unknown, its low biologic value and tendency to cause azotemia should be kept in mind. PMID- 6801518 TI - Drug use by youth: an overview. PMID- 6801519 TI - Drug abuse and the American adolescent. Executive summary, discussion, and new directions for research. PMID- 6801520 TI - Epidemiology of drug use among adolescents. PMID- 6801521 TI - Personality and sociodemographic factors in adolescent drug use. PMID- 6801522 TI - From family to peer: transitions of influence among drug-using youth. PMID- 6801523 TI - The delinquency and drug use relationship among adolescents: a critical review. PMID- 6801524 TI - Two genetic loci control the murine immune response to A-gliadin, a wheat protein that activates coeliac sprue. PMID- 6801525 TI - PCBs in rice oil. PMID- 6801526 TI - Processed genes: a dispersed human immunoglobulin gene bearing evidence of RNA type processing. PMID- 6801528 TI - Structure of genes for membrane and secreted murine IgD heavy chains. PMID- 6801527 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy-chain expression and class switching in a murine leukaemia cell line. AB - A cell line that switches from mu to gamma 2b synthesis during growth in culture uses the same VH region for both heavy chains but retains two copies of the Cmu gene. This suggests that the mu to gamma 2b class switch can occur, at least in part, by an RNA processing mechanism. Regulatory variants of this cell line lose constitutive mu-chain synthesis but simultaneously acquire lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-inducible synthesis of that chain. This co-variation is allele-specific and is correlated to a large deletion of DNA in the JH--Cmu intron. PMID- 6801530 TI - [Nutrition and heart diseases, an insurance with only partial coverage?]. PMID- 6801529 TI - Mouse spleen and IgD-secreting plasmacytomas contain multiple IgD delta chain RNAs. PMID- 6801531 TI - [Surgery using the CO2-laser]. PMID- 6801532 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6801533 TI - [Haematological changes following long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis and myasthenia with azathioprin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801534 TI - [Clinical application of induced mild hypercapnia as a preoperative test predicting results of STA-MCA bypass surgery in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease--in relation to induced hypertension method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801535 TI - Brucella meningoencephalitis in childhood. AB - An 11-year-old girl developed a subacute illness characterized by fever, malaise, depression, and meningoencephalitis. The etiology remained elusive until her agglutinin titer against Brucella abortus rose from 1:20 to 1:320. Brucellosis is an uncommon illness in children, an neurological involvement has been described in only ten cases. Brucella meningoencephalitis is characterized by a lymphocytic pleocytosis and elevated protein in the cerebrospinal fluid. Patients respond well to specific therapy; it is important, therefore, to consider the diagnosis of brucellosis in patients with subacute meningitis of unexplained etiology. PMID- 6801536 TI - Bulbar palsy with Rosenthal fiber formation in the medulla of a 15-year-old girl. Localized form of Alexander's disease? AB - A 15-year-old girl died of a long-standing bulbar palsy that had caused difficult swallowing since early infancy. She was severely malnourished and retarded in growth. Morphologically, the clinical symptoms corresponded to a circumscribed lesion in the enlarged medulla (mega-medulla) that consisted of proliferation of astrocytes, incomplete demyelination, perivascular infiltrates and abundant formation of Rosenthal fibers. Rosenthal fibers were also present in the subpial medullary region where inflammation and astrocytic proliferation were largely absent. This patient's disorder appears to be a localized form of alexander's disease because macrencephaly, Rosenthal fiber formation and leukodystrophy of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum were absent. The morphological spectrum of Alexander's disease may now comprise diffuse and localized forms both of adulthood and children. PMID- 6801537 TI - Giant axonal neuropathy: report of two siblings with endocrinological and histological studies. AB - Giant axonal neuropathy in two siblings was reported. The fact that two cases are found in the same family supports this disorder is genetically determined and recessively inherited. These two cases, similar to the cases reported in literature, had chronic peripheral neuropathy and CNS symptoms, and also petit mal absence and mental retardation in elder sister (case 1) and precocious puberty in younger sister (case 2). Sural nerve biopsies in both cases disclosed axonal swellings or giant axons filled with aggregated neurofilaments, and that aggregated intermediate-sized filaments were found within cytoplasm of Schwann cells, endothelial cells of intra and extra-neurial capillaries and of extra neurial arterioles, perineurial cells and endoneurial fibroblasts. Skin biopsies in both cases disclosed that aggregated intermediate-sized filaments were also found within cytoplasm of fibroblasts, Langerhans' cells, melanocytes and endothelial cells of capillaries, lymphatic vessels and arterioles. The diagnosis of giant axonal neuropathy can be made only by the findings in skin biopsy. PMID- 6801538 TI - Differential involvement of dopamine-containing tracts in 5-hydroxytryptamine dependent behaviours caused by amphetamine in large doses. AB - Dopamine (DA) concentrations in the rat striatum and/or nucleus accumbens were decreased by lesions in the nigra, ventral tegmentum, striatum and accumbens induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. These affected a range of DA- and 5 hydroxytryptamine-(5HT) dependent behaviours induced by 25 mg/kg of D-amphetamine as follows. Changes in DA-dependent behaviour (forward locomotion, head bobbing) occurred which were consistent with DA terminals in the accumbens and striatum being required for locomotor and stereotypical behaviour, respectively. A repetitive 5HT-dependent behaviour (head weaving) was decreased by lesions which depleted striatal DA. A 5HT-dependent behaviour with repetitive and locomotor elements (reciprocal forepaw treading) was only decreased by the nigral and tegmental lesions which depleted DA in both the striatum and the accumbens (and presumably also in other regions). These results suggest that 5HT-dependent behaviours of stereotypical character also require DA. Conversely, two 5HT dependent behaviours, without obvious stereotypical or locomotor elements (body shakes, hind limb abduction), were not decreased by any of the lesions (and increased by some). Backward walking was markedly inhibited by lesions which decreased striatal DA. The above evidence for different relationships between each of the 5HT-dependent behaviours studied and DA-containing systems implies that these behaviours are separately mediated. It may clarify previous disagreement on the role of DA in these behaviours. PMID- 6801539 TI - Anticonvulsant and antiaggressive properties of di-n-propyl acetate after repeated treatment. AB - Swiss albino mice were treated twice daily with 200 mg/kg (i.p.) di-n propylacetate (DPA), for 14 days and sacrificed 15 hr after the last injection, with or without an additional injection of 400 mg/kg at 45 min before death. Without the additional injection, the brain distribution of GABA followed closely that of control mice; with the additional injection, the pattern of regional increase of brain GABA was very similar to that following an acute injection of DPA. The anticonvulsant and antiaggressive properties of DPA were similar in rodents treated acutely or additionally after repeated DPA treatment. Neither the anticonvulsant nor the antiaggressive properties could be observed 15 hr after the last of the repeated injections of DPA. A residual effect of DPA against seizures induced by pentetrazole was shown, i.e. a potentiation of the anticonvulsant properties of the second of two successive injections of DPA, the latter being given after the decrease of the GABA levels in whole brain to control values. PMID- 6801540 TI - Delayed psychosis after right temporoparietal stroke or trauma: relation to epilepsy. AB - We observed acute onset of delayed psychosis in 8 patients 1 month to 11 years after right temporoparietooccipital (TPO) stroke or trauma. The psychotic disorder included hallucinations and, in some patients delusions and agitation. All patients had spatioconstructional difficulties. None had an earlier psychiatric disorder. Seven of eight patients had clinical seizures, often in close temporal relationship to the psychosis. The pathophysiology of the psychosis may be related to that of the epilepsy. PMID- 6801541 TI - Valproate tremors. AB - We made accelerometric recordings of the tremor induced by valproic acid. The tremor was similar to essential tremor and appeared within a month of starting therapy. It was present at rest and exacerbated by action or antigravity positioning. There was no close correlation of tremor severity and plasma valproate level, but the tremor usually appeared at dosages greater than 750 mg per day. This tremor has appeared in 20 of 25 patients recently studied. In some patients the tremor is markedly active; however, others note only minimal tremor activity. PMID- 6801542 TI - Intravenous glycerol and mannitol therapy in children with intracranial hypertension. AB - Acute intracranial hypertension may respond to intravenous mannitol, but frequent administration can cause cerebral edema or renal problems. We evaluated the use of 20% glycerol administered intravenously as an alternative to mannitol. Intravenous glycerol and mannitol were equally effective in lowering acute elevations of intracranial pressure. The duration of effect was similar for both agents. Side effects of intravenous glycerol were related to concentration, rate, and frequency of administration. In severe encephalopathies, such as Reye syndrome, we recommend infusions of 20% glycerol or 20% mannitol at a dose of 0.5 1.0 gm per kilogram. Glycerol should be administered in 0.45% or 0.9% saline, no faster than 1.5 ml (3.3 mOsm) per minute. PMID- 6801543 TI - 11C-carbon dioxide fixation and equilibration in rat brain: effects on acid-base measurements. AB - The positron-emitting isotope 11C was used to label CO2 for studies of metabolic fixation and equilibration after a single-breath inhalation by rats. Metabolic fixation and loss of the label via exhalation caused the metabolized fraction of the label in the brain to rise to 30.1 +/- 0.7% within 30 minutes. The T12 for equilibration of the label between blood and brain was 1.95 minutes. When the label was 95% equilibrated, 12% was metabolically trapped by brain, and when only 5% was trapped, the blood-brain equilibration process was only 50% complete. Labeled CO2 thus has limited usefulness as an acid-base or metabolic tracer for positron-emission tomography. PMID- 6801544 TI - Federal health program reforms: implications for child health care. AB - The "Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981" included a number of provisions designed to reduce federal spending for health care and to increase state authority over health programs. Evidence concerning the financial condition and health care needs of children served by federally-financed health programs, and recent trends in coverage and eligibility, make it possible to assess the likely impact of the new legislation. One conclusion seems clear: extensive federal funding reductions cannot be accommodated by eliminating excesses. While reforms of the Medicaid program may be advisable for a number of reasons, a simple reduction to funding will have serious, adverse consequences for poor children. PMID- 6801545 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition and dialysis. Complementary importance in the therapy of acute renal insufficiency in aortic surgery]. AB - The acute renal insufficiency (A.R.I.) consequent on surgical pathology of the aorta is in the Milan School, one of the most important postoperative complications and requires the use of total parenteral feeding (T.P.F.). Parenteral infusion of AAe and hypertonic glucose in patients with A.R.I. has given positive results, not only insofar as it improves the general nutritional state, but also because it facilitates recovery of renal function and improves survival. Reutilisation of endogenous nitrogen gives a synthesis of structural proteins to the benefit of metabolic homoeostasis and the patient's clinical condition. On the basis of recent nephrology studies on uraemic toxicity, the therapeutic problem of A.R.I. in surgical patients has been examined: early peritoneal dialysis associated with T.P.F. and the combination, in the postoperative stage, of parenteral feeding and periodic peritoneal dialysis. The average duration of this treatment has been personally found to be about 8-18 days. The example is given of a clinical case of A.R.I. in a patient operated by aneurysmectomy for rupture of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta. PMID- 6801546 TI - [Contamination of the operating room by anesthetic gases and vapors. II. Gas chromatographic analysis of nitrous oxide]. AB - The contamination by nitrous oxide of an operating room atmosphere was studied in a number of experiments, in the absence of personnel and using a gaschromatographic method. The evacuating device of the anesthesia machine proved to be ineffective to overcome the hazard of leaks in the breathing system, whereas the air conditioning flow rates (12 outside air changes per hour) minimized waste anesthetic gas concentrations. PMID- 6801547 TI - [Importance of parenteral nutrition in prolonged abdominal irradiation]. PMID- 6801548 TI - [Problems in total parenteral nutrition in general surgery]. PMID- 6801549 TI - [Hypercaloric alimentation in patients with neoplasms of the digestive tract]. PMID- 6801550 TI - [Experience with total parenteral nutrition in a provincial hospital]. PMID- 6801551 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6801552 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of postoperative complications of pancreatic resection operations]. PMID- 6801553 TI - [Nosologic definition, pathogenesis and diagnosis of headache]. PMID- 6801554 TI - [Scope and limitations of the surgical treatment of diabetes]. AB - A brief account is given of the current knowledge, experiments, and clinical findings concerning the surgical management of diabetes. The aim of all treatments, from conventional pancreas transplant to the sophisticated transplantation of islets and foetal pancreas, and a subject with its own special features, namely intestinal by-pass, is to relieve the patient from insulin management, which, while it increases his survival, does not defend him from possibly fatal vascular complications. Though far from providing a final solution, each of the topics dealt with provides an example of the way research and clinical practice continue to offer reasons for the experimentation of new therapeutic techniques. PMID- 6801555 TI - [Effects of the combined calcitonin and sodium etidronate therapy in Paget's disease of bone]. AB - The therapy of Paget's bone disease is essentially based on the use of calcitonin and diphosphonates: both drugs, if used in large doses for long periods, have shown themselves able to provoke particular side-effects. It was, therefore, decided to study the therapeutic efficacy of combined low-dosage treatment using synthetic salmon calcitonin and sodium-etidronate on a group of patients with Paget's osteodystrophy. A clear evident diminution in plasma alkaline phosphatase, hydroxyprolinuria and whole body retention (WBR) of MDP-Tc99m was observed, demonstrating a reduction of metabolic turnover in the bone. No changes in the bone mass (BMC), evaluated by bone mineral detector, were observed at the end of treatment. With this treatment the plateau effect was shown to be appreciably less than normally occurs when either calcitonin or sodium etidronate are used alone. PMID- 6801556 TI - Central venous catheter exchange in cancer patients during total parental nutrition. PMID- 6801557 TI - Catheter-acquired infection in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6801558 TI - Attitudes of nursing care providers toward elderly patients. PMID- 6801559 TI - An unexpected advantage of thyroxine binding globulin measurements in the neonate. PMID- 6801560 TI - Heterotopic calcification complicating infectious polyneuritis. PMID- 6801561 TI - [Periodontal lesions of childhood]. PMID- 6801562 TI - [Prevention of periodontal disease in children]. PMID- 6801563 TI - [Endoperiodontal problems. Current concepts]. PMID- 6801564 TI - [Impacted upper central incisor. Etiology--diagnosis--treatment]. PMID- 6801565 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 6801567 TI - The isolation of Theileria? Taurotragi in South Africa. AB - In 3 out of 4 attempts strains of a Theileria sp. of low virulence were isolated in the laboratory by feeding adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus collected from the field on susceptible cattle. One of the strains, previously identified as Theileria? taurotragi (Tzaneen), was found to be serologically cross reactive with the other 2 strains. It was concluded that T.? taurotragi is prevalent in South Africa in those parts where the vector exists. Infection was characterized by a transient fever and small numbers of macroschizonts and piroplasms. Subinoculation of the infection with small volumes of blood proved to be difficult. PMID- 6801566 TI - 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) and tamoxifen (ICI 46,474) induced suppression of the genesis of mammary carcinomas in female rats treated with 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA): a comparison. AB - Daily treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with CB-154 (prolactin suppressor) or Tamoxifen (estrogen antagonist) for 33 days before and after 7,12 dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA) administration reduced (p less than 0.005) the incidence of mammary carcinomas by 58 and 49%, respectively. A combination of CB 154 and Tamoxifen further reduced (p less than 0.005) mammary carcinoma incidence by an additional 50-59%. Treatment with Tamoxifen for 66 days beginning 33 days after carcinogen treatment reduced (p less than 0.05) the incidence of mammary carcinomas by 65%; CB-154 treatment, during the same time period, did not significantly effect the final yield of mammary carcinomas. The combination of Tamoxifen and CB-154 was comparable to Tamoxifen alone in suppressing the incidence of mammary carcinomas in the latter study. These results demonstrate a substantial suppressive and synergistic effect of Tamoxifen and CB-154 in the initiating phases of mammary carcinogenesis while in the early promoting phases of this oncogenic process, short-term treatment with Tamoxifen was superior to CB 154 treatment; no synergism between these clinically important compounds was observed. PMID- 6801568 TI - Theileria? taurotragi: a probable agent of bovine cerebral theileriosis. AB - A case of bovine cerebral theileriosis was confirmed at autopsy on a farm where 4 animals out of 70 died. All were less than 2 years old and all showed nervous signs. Serologically, no evidence was found of Theileria mutans or the Theileria parva group in young animals born on the farm. Six out of 13 calves 6-9 months of age were, however, serologically positive for Theileria? taurotragi and it was concluded this species was the probable cause of death of the 4 animals. PMID- 6801570 TI - Evaluating myocardial infarction using the staging concept. PMID- 6801569 TI - Effects of norethynodrel on neoplasms in the buccal pouch of the Syrian hamster. AB - This study was instituted to determine the effect of a progestin, norethynodrel, on the induction of experimental carcinogens of the hamster cheek pouch. Thirty six Syrian hamsters were divided into two groups. One group received 2 mg./kg./day of norethynodrel in subcutaneous injections, and the other group received nothing. The right cheek pouches of both groups were painted three times a week with the chemical carcinogen 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene in a 0.05 percent acetone solution. After 9 weeks of painting, the first tumors developed in the hormone-treated hamsters, while none appeared in the control group until after 10 weeks. After 15 weeks, 100 percent of both groups had tumors. The average latent period was 11.8 weeks for the treated group and 12.7 weeks for the control group (p = less than 0.05 percent, Student's test). Norethynodrel significantly decreased the induction time of the neoplasms. PMID- 6801571 TI - Hospitals and PSROs: can quality compete with cost? PMID- 6801572 TI - Non acute profiles: evaluation of physicians' nonacute utilization of hospital resources. PMID- 6801574 TI - PSROs' stormy past and questionable future. PMID- 6801573 TI - Ongoing quality of care reviews in shared health facilities: do they have an impact on care? PMID- 6801575 TI - PSRO focused review: the South Carolina experience. PMID- 6801577 TI - [100 years since the discovery of Koch's bacillus]. PMID- 6801576 TI - [Thyreotropic hormone releasing hormone studies in euthyreotic autonomous adenoma]. PMID- 6801578 TI - Posterior epistaxis: comparison of treatment. PMID- 6801579 TI - Chemotactic activity in middle ear effusions. AB - A study of chemotactic activity in different middle ear effusions (MEE) was undertaken using a technique that has overcome some of the pitfills of previous chemotactic investigations on MEE. In the present study, neutrophils were made to migrate upwards toward a chemotactic gradient. Chemotactic activity was differentiated from increased random migration by the use of a two-filter paper system. The study indicated that directed migration or chemotaxis was present in 65% of purulent effusions, in approximately 25% to 30% of serous and seromucinous effusions, but in less than 20% of mucoid effusions. Chemotactic agents in MEE have been discussed. Chemotactic activity for neutrophils may be an important part of the inflammatory response in otitis media with effusion (OME) and responsible for the elimination of bacteria and other foreign particles. On the other hand, prolonged chemotactic activity owing to immunologic or nonimmunologic mechanisms may be responsible for the release of lysosomal enzymes and the subsequent maintenance of an inflammatory response in middle ear tissue. The exact mechanism and nature of the underlying chemotactic response for leukocytes in OME remain to be determined. PMID- 6801581 TI - Subarachnoid cyst simulating an intracanalicular acoustic neuroma. PMID- 6801580 TI - Ototoxicity of kanamycin sulfate and the barriers in the inner ear. AB - The effect of kanamycin sulfate administered by three routes on the function of the stria vascularis was monitored electrophysiologically in guinea pigs. The three routes were intramuscular injection, perilymphatic perfusion, or endolymphatic perfusion. Neither systemic administration of 500 mg/kg of body weight per day for 7 to 12 days nor perilymphatic perfusion of 10(-3) M kanamycin affected the endocochlear dc potential (EP). However, with perfusion of kanamycin 10(-3) M in the endolymphatic space, the EP declined severely. Moreover, the decline in the EP was greater with higher concentrations of kanamycin in the endolymphatic perfusate. Furosemide given by each of the three routes produced an approximately equal decrease in the EP. The effects of kanamycin on the cells of the stria vascularis and the evidence for the perilymphatic-endolymphatic and blood-cochlear barriers are discussed. PMID- 6801582 TI - Facial paralysis in the newborn. AB - A group of 95 patients with facial paralysis in the neonatal period are presented. In 74 patients it was believed to be secondary to trauma associated with pregnancy and delivery, and in 21 to be secondary to congenital lesions. The cause, extent, and clinical course of the paralyses are discussed. A classification is outlined to help in organizing a logical and systematic evaluation plan for these patients. Patients may be divided into four groups based on the time they are seen after birth, whether the nerve is stimulable, or whether the nerve loses its stimulability. On the basis of this classification, electromyogram studies, and roentgenographic findings, a presumptive diagnosis may be made and a treatment plan formulated. The treatment plan is based on the diagnosis, facial nerve excitability testing, and degree of deformity present. If there is evidence of facial nerve disruption, a facial nerve exploration is indicated. In congenital cases, reanimation procedures may be necessary. PMID- 6801583 TI - Methodologic aspects of tympanometry in cats. AB - The tympanometric effects of the methodologic variables of direction and rate of pressure change were studied in cats. Tympanogram morphologic findings differed between ascending and descending pressure runs, with the descending ones being simpler in configuration and less influenced by the rate of pressure change. The stability of tympanograms to repetitive testing was examined in the same cats, and five human subjects. Acoustic admittance increased sequentially during the first three pressure sweeps of a repetitive testing sequence in a majority of both groups. PMID- 6801584 TI - Pectoralis myocutaneous flap for chin augmentation. AB - Radical resection of the anterior portion of the oral cavity, including a portion of the tongue, floor of the mouth, mandible, and neck, has always been, and remains, a perplexing problem in immediate rehabilitation of the area of the oral cavity and mentum. In the past, these deformities were classified as "Andy Gump." Attempts at correction of this deformity are protracted and complex. The use of the pectoralis myocutaneous flap offers an improvement in the concept of mamagement in that it supplies a skin lining for the oral cavity and augments the chin and neck in a single-stage procedure that may be combined with the primary operation. PMID- 6801585 TI - Current concepts of malignant hyperthermia. AB - Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a chemically induced, genetic myopathy characterized by metabolic and respiratory acidosis, arrhythmias, hyperpyrexia, and muscular rigidity usually occurring during or within 24 hours postanesthesia. It is initiated by some anesthetic drugs, muscle relaxants, and possibly by catecholamines produced by stress. The incidence of the disease is 1:15,000 in populations who have received a general anesthetic. A recently developed platelet bioassay test allows for rapid identification of the susceptible individual, while medication with dantrolene sodium can usually prevent or reverse the syndrome. PMID- 6801586 TI - Tympanic membrane debridement with the CO2 laser. AB - Precise control of tissue penetration can be provided by the CO2 laser at low power. AT 1 W, superficial lesions of the tympanic membrane were successfully extirpated in ten patients. The beam produced immediate delamination and carbonization of the external layer, which usually included the lesion, with no apparent effect on the underlying tissue. This charred layer was easily removed mechanically in a bloodless field. No permanent perforations resulted. Extirpation of canal lesions was less effective. PMID- 6801589 TI - Peritonsillar abscess: needle aspiration. AB - Needle aspiration and antibiotics (usually penicillin) were used as the sole initial treatment of peritonsillar abscess in 29 patients over a 2 1/2-year period. Positive aspirations occurred in 23 patients, 19 (82%) of whom had complete resolution of their abscesses without further initial therapy. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6801588 TI - Peritonsillar abscess in the pediatric population. AB - This paper reports on 115 pediatric patients who were treated for peritonsillar abscess at The Columbus Children's Hospital. Its purpose is to document the threefold increase of peritonsillar abscess between 1959 and 1978, relating this to the simultaneous decrease in the number of tonsillectomies by about one third. The paper further shows that 55 of 115 patients underwent successful treatment by immediate tonsillectomy with lower morbidity and shorter hospital stay when compared with 60 patients treated medically. The timing of the operation will also be discussed. We believe that immediate tonsillectomy is the treatment of choice. PMID- 6801590 TI - Use of a new mucoperiosteal flap from the upper lateral nasal wall in frontal sinus surgery. AB - Various mucoperiosteal flaps from the nose (nasal walls) are in use today in frontal sinus surgery in cases where a wide opening between the frontal sinus and the nasal cavity is created. These flaps are transferred to cover denuded bone in the area of opening and thus prevent the opening from narrowing or closing, which would result in the reappearance of frontal sinus problems. In this paper, a new mucoperiosteal flap taken from the upper extension of middle turbinate is described. PMID- 6801587 TI - The development of facial muscles and nerves in relation to the Mobius syndrome. AB - This paper discusses descriptive and experimental embryologic material that may be of relevance in understanding the pathologic findings of, and attempting treatment of, congenital facial paralysis. The embryology of the human facial nerves and muscles is described. In experimental animals muscles undergo early stages of morphogenesis and differentiation in the absence of nerves and then undergo gradual atrophy. In th absence of muscle fibers, the bulk of embryonic motor nerves that would normally innervate the muscle die. PMID- 6801591 TI - Malignant pyoderma. AB - Malignant pyoderma is a rare inflammatory pyoderma of unknown cause with characteristic destructive and necrotizing ulcers limited to the face, neck, and upper trunk. The typical lesions are small, purulent, periauricular ulcers. Enlargement and coalescence result in extensive lesions that may ultimately destroy portions of the external ear. The histopathologic findings are acute and chronic inflammation with necrosis. Treatment consists of long-term systemic corticosteroids. We present two new cases and alert otolaryngologists to the seriousness of this disease. PMID- 6801592 TI - Surgical correction of anatomic azbnormalities in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. AB - Excessive daytime sleepiness and loud snoring are the major symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, often leading to serious medical complications if unrecognized and untreated. Tracheostomy has been the only effective treatment in most adult cases. This paper reports on a new surgical approach to treat obstructive sleep apnea by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty designed to enlarge the potential airspace in the oropharynx. Twelve patients underwent this operation. In nine there was relief of symptoms and in eight there was objective improvement in nocturnal respiration and sleep pattern, demonstrated by polysomnography. PMID- 6801593 TI - Cervical necrotizing fasciitis. AB - The fourth known case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis is presented to illustrate pertinent clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this entity. The case occurred after a dental abscess; complications included acute airway obstruction, mediastinitis, and septic shock. Extensive surgical exposure and drainage were required for control. PMID- 6801594 TI - Blindness: a complication of odontogenic sinusitis. AB - Serious orbital complications including blindness can develop from odontogenic sinusitis. A case history is described of a patient with odontogenic maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis in whom an orbital abscess developed followed by sudden blindness. The pathogenesis and treatment are discussed. PMID- 6801595 TI - Sudden blindness following facial trauma. AB - Blindness following facial trauma may occur with what appears to be a minor insult to the periorbital area. This report deals with our experience in treating five patients who had sudden blindness following frontal head trauma. Unselected optic nerve decompression was in general unrewarding in reversing blindness. However, the early administration of pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids does appear effective in reversing blindness in this select patient population and may indicate which patient is a good candidate for decompression. Examination of holographic experiments performed on dried skulls, in addition to clinical findings, appears to suggest that the cause of blindness associated with frontal head trauma may be related to stretching of the optic nerve and not necessarily to compression. PMID- 6801597 TI - The incidence of hypopharyngeal stenosis after surgery for laryngeal cancer. AB - Hypopharyngeal stenosis is a frequent complication of laryngectomy and radiotherapy in patients treated for carcinoma. In a retrospective study of patients treated in the University of Washington Affiliated Hospitals, hypopharyngeal stenosis was more frequent after laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy than after laryngectomy alone and occurred more commonly in lesions of the pyriform fossa than in glottic tumors. Neck disease and inclusion of radical neck dissection were both significant factors in the development of hypopharyngeal stenosis. Recurrent tumor was significantly more prevalent in these patients. PMID- 6801598 TI - Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum of the larynx. AB - Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, or Warthin's tumor, is a benign lesion of the salivary glands occurring most frequently in the parotid region. Since the initial report of this lesion in 1910, numerous reports have appeared in the literature concerning the occurrence of Warthin's tumor in many extraparotid locations, including the larynx. The vast majority of those tumors arising in the larynx have been disproved because of the absence of one or more of the histologic characteristics of this lesion within the surgical specimen. This paper will review the histologic criteria of Warthin's tumor and the typical clinical occurrence. We will discuss a case of papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum of the larynx that satisfies all the histologic criteria of this lesion. A review of the possible origins of this tumor will demonstrate that this case may lend support to the hypothesis that papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum may be the end result of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 6801599 TI - Tracheal obstruction by recurrent thyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6801600 TI - Composite myocutaneous flaps. AB - In this past few years myocutaneous (MC) flaps have, to a large extent, replaced other flaps. Because of axial blood supply, they may be used without delay. The MC flaps, useful in head and neck reconstruction, are based on the latissimus dorsi, the pectoralis major, the sternomastoid, and the trapezius. All have discrete independent vasculature that acts as a pedicle for the muscle and skin flap. The sternomastoid MC flaps have limited range and only special areas of usefulness. The latissimus dorsi flap, because it requires special positioning of the patient, has not been as popular as the pectoralis major flap, but both have excellent blood supplies and will reach almost any area of the face and neck to fill defects and cover internal or external surfaces. In addition, the pectoralis major MC flap may be able to carry a segment of rib as a bone graft. The trapezius MC flap does not have as great a range as the others and has a long vascular pedicle that must be carefully handled, but it has the distinct advantage of being able to carry viable bone from the scapular spine to the mandible. PMID- 6801596 TI - Sleep apnea syndrome associated with a neck mass. AB - Sleep apnea is an entity that is becoming more commonly diagnosed as the signs and symptoms are becoming better understood. In this report, the first known case of sleep apnea secondary to a lipoma of the submandibular area of the neck is presented. A brief discussion of the types of sleep apnea, along with the most common signs and symptoms of the entity, are reported. The diagnostic workup, operative findings, and postoperative results in this patient are discussed. PMID- 6801602 TI - Carcinoma of the tonsillar region: a comparison of radiation therapy with combined preoperative radiation and surgery. AB - Ninety-six patients with cancer of the tonsillar region in all stages were studied to compare full-course radiation therapy with surgical salvage to planned radiation and surgery. Full-course radiation therapy was effective in controlling T1 and T2 tumors without neck node involvement. Combined therapy was much more effective in treating T3 tumors with neck node disease. Patients with T4 tumors did poorly regardless of therapy. PMID- 6801601 TI - Combined laryngeal conservation surgery and irradiation: can we expand the indications for conservation therapy? AB - Thirty-nine patients (median age of 60 years) with carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx (N = 16), vocal cord (N = 4), and hypopharyngeal wall and pyriform sinus (N = 19) were treated by combined conservation surgery and radiation therapy. Thirty-three patients had postoperative treatment, and the remaining six were given preoperative irradiation. The plan was chosen because of clinical and pathologic features known to be fraught with a high incidence of recurrence above the clavicles. Long-term complications occurred in six patients, two of whom died of aspiration pneumonia. Thirty-eight patients completed their treatment and have been followed for a median of 48 months (1 1/2 to six years). Survival rates are 56% and 63% for absolute and determinant cases, respectively. PMID- 6801603 TI - Selective section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve for the treatment of spastic dysphonia: an experimental study and preliminary clinical report. AB - The experimental and clinical results of the surgical treatment of patients with spastic dysphonia by selective section of the adductor branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve are described. Experimental selective nerve section in dogs appears to retain cordal abduction during inspiration while producing a partial adductor paralysis. Selective section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve has been performed in four patients with 18- to 24-month follow-up. Speech results have been good with maintenance of partial vocal cord motion. No patient has experienced a return of spasticity. We theorize that selective nerve section may decrease the likelihood of the long-term failure that has been seen with complete nerve section by preventing medial fixation of the paralyzed vocal cord. PMID- 6801605 TI - A complication in the use of a Fogarty catheter for foreign body removal during bronchoscopic management. AB - The Fogarty catheter, developed originally for the removal of intravascular thrombi, has been used in recent years as an aid in bronchoscopic foreign body removal. Complications with the use of a Fogarty catheter are rare. We report the separation of the tip of a Fogarty catheter from the catheter body during rigid bronchoscopic management with resultant lodging of the catheter tip out of bronchoscopic range in the peripheral lower lobe of the lung. Use of a Fogarty catheter during bronchoscopic intervention is discussed as is the availability of different catheter models and their possible problems. PMID- 6801604 TI - Neonatal laryngeal fibromatosis. PMID- 6801607 TI - Aspects of helminth metabolism. PMID- 6801606 TI - Coexpression of multiple immunoglobulin heavy chain classes on human leukemic B lymphocytes. PMID- 6801609 TI - The sensibility of the hypophysis, the gonads and the thyroid of adolescents before and after the administration of oral contraceptives. A resume. AB - This research shows that the adenohypophysis of the adolescent differs from that of the adult by sensibility variations vis-a-vis of LHRH and TRF in relation to the growing rates of the ovarian steroids and their actions on the steroid and peptide receptors of the hypophyseal cells. During the first few years after the menarche, the increasing secretion of estradiol provokes a greater secretion of the four adenohypophyseal hormones both before and after LHRH and TRF. As the adolescent grows older, the increasing amounts of progesterone in relation to the increasing amounts of estradiol reduce the sensibility of the hypophysis to the releasing hormones; the release of its trophic hormones and prolactin is diminished. This would indicate that the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system undergoes progressive maturation for a number of years after the menarche. The sensibility of the adolescent pituitary, ovary, and thyroid during the luteal phase of the first menstrual cycle after oral contraceptives have been discontinued is the same in girls who have taken oral contraceptives for 24 months or longer as it is in girls who are five to six years after the menarche and have not taken oral contraceptives. PMID- 6801610 TI - Secondary amenorrhea. PMID- 6801608 TI - [Laboratory diagnosis of human listeriosis]. PMID- 6801611 TI - The adolescent's unreadiness for pregnancy and motherhood. PMID- 6801612 TI - Deficiency of the hexosaminidase A activator protein in a case of GM2 gangliosidosis; variant AB. AB - A patient is described whose clinical course and pathologic features, including massive brain storage of GM2 ganglioside in grey matter, are identical with those of classical Tay-Sachs disease despite normal levels of beta -N-acetyl hexosaminidase and normal isozyme distribution. The kinetic properties and thermolability of the patient's hexosaminidase are normal. Crude extracts of a postmortem sample of patient's liver can catalyze the hydrolysis of 5.1 pmoles of labeled GM2 ganglioside/16 h/mg of protein (control liver = 69.9 pmoles/16 h/mg). Addition of partially purified human liver hexosaminidase A activator protein stimulated the hydrolysis of substrate by the patients liver extract by 27-fold compared to 3-fold for control livers. Measurement of "activator" in enriched fractions of patient's and control liver showed a reduced (25-30% of control) amount of stimulation of hexosaminidase A catalyzed hydrolysis of GM2 ganglioside as well as of Asialo-GM2 ganglioside. The addition of sphingomyelin to reaction mixtures, which is known to inhibit surfactant stimulation of hexosaminidase A, reduced activation of hexosaminidase A by patient's liver preparation to undetectable levels. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of enriched preparations of control and patient's liver showed a rapidly migrating protein band in control liver corresponding to the activator protein and the absence of this protein band in the patient's liver. PMID- 6801613 TI - Opsonic activity of cord serum - an evaluation based on determination of oxygen consumption by leukocytes. PMID- 6801614 TI - Enzyme replacement therapy by transplantation of HLA-compatible fibroblasts in Sanfilippo syndrome: another trial. PMID- 6801616 TI - Sudden unexpected death during central hyperalimentation. PMID- 6801615 TI - Effectiveness of HLA-compatible fibroblasts for enzyme replacement therapy in the mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 6801617 TI - [Patent ductus arteriosus in premature infants (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6801618 TI - [Lymphocyte and gastric mucosal succinate dehydrogenase activity in digestive organ diseases of noninfectious etiology in children]. PMID- 6801619 TI - The frog ganglion cell: not a feature detector and not a monkey cortical cell. PMID- 6801620 TI - [Computer controlled multi-leaf conformation radiotherapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801621 TI - [Radioprotective effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan and 5-hydroxytryptamine in mastocytoma cells against irradiation in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801622 TI - [Gastroscopy and early stages of stomach cancer-- cost-effectiveness aspects]. PMID- 6801623 TI - [Early jejunal catheter feeding in heavy gastrointestinal surgery (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty patients undergoing extensive gastrointestinal surgery were fed through a jejunal catheter introduced during the operation. After surgery, feeding was started 48 hours, except for 10 patients who had pre-operative intestinal obstruction or a suture below the site of liquid food instillation. The decision to feed patients enterally must by taken during surgery, and the method requires a trained nursing team, but it considerably improves the patient's nitrogen balance and, accessorily, his comfort. There does not seem to be any contra indication. The onset of enteral feeding only depends upon the type of operation performed. PMID- 6801624 TI - [Zinc deficiency during prolonged total parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6801625 TI - Matrix program to analyze primary structure homology. AB - A FORTRAN program to analyze homology of letter strings (nucleotide or amino acid sequences) and to display the result in the form of a dot matrix is presented. The program is generally usable, user-friendly and has a number of options (filtering, "fudging," i.e., consideration of groups of homologous residues, and screening, i.e., display of only particular groups of residues) which greatly potentiate its analytical power. PMID- 6801626 TI - Pattern recognition in nucleic acid sequences. I. A general method for finding local homologies and symmetries. AB - We present an algorithm--a generalization of the Needleman-Wunsch-Sellers algorithm--which finds within longer sequences all subsequences that resemble one another locally. The probability that so close a resemblance would occur by chance alone is calculated and used to classify these local homologies according to statistical significance. Repeats and inverted repeats may also be found. Results for both random and biological nucleic acid sequences are presented. Fourteen complete genomes are analyzed for dyad symmetries. PMID- 6801630 TI - [Technic and complications of total parenteral hyperalimentation]. PMID- 6801627 TI - Nucleotide sequence of valine tRNA mo5UAC from bacillus subtilis. AB - A valine tRNA was purified from Bacillus subtilis W168 by a combined use of several column chromatographic systems. The nucleotide sequence was determined to be pG-G-A-G-G-A-U-U-A-G-C-U-C-A-G-C-D-G-G-G-A-G-A-G-C-A-U-C--G-C-C-U-mo5U-A-C-m6 A -A-G-C-A-G-A-G-G-m7G-U-C-G-G-C-G-G-T-psi-C-G-A-G-C-C-C-G-U-C-A-U-C-C-U-C-C-A-C- C-AOH with the main use of of non-labeled tRNA and with the subsidiary use of [32P]-post-labeled sample. This tRNA contains 5-methoxy-uridine (mo5U) at the wobble position of the anticodon. A binding experiment of valyl-tRNA to ribosome revealed that mo5U is recognized by A and G, and fairly well by U. PMID- 6801631 TI - [Autoimmunological phenomena in proliferative diseases with monoclonal gammopathy]. PMID- 6801628 TI - Transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin V genes. AB - The relative transcriptional activity of rearranged and unrearranged (germline) VK genes in secreting plasmacytoma cells was assessed by two independent methods. Measurements of V sequence abundance by hybridization kinetic (Rot) analysis indicated that the steady state content of transcripts from a rearranged VK gene is at least 16,000-fold greater than that from an unrearranged VK gene. Direct measurements of transcriptional activity in isolated nuclei indicated that this difference is due, in large part to a difference in transcription rate. Since the primary sequences of V genes and their 5' flanking regions are not altered during rearrangement, these results suggest that VK gene transcription might be controlled by elements on the 3' side of the VK genes or at the CK locus, perhaps via an influence on chromatin structure. PMID- 6801629 TI - A molecular mechanical study of complexes formed between 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and dinucleoside phosphates. AB - Molecular mechanical calculations were done on complexes of 4-nitroquinoline-N oxide (NQO) with various dinucleoside phosphates [(ApT)2, (CpG)2, (GpC)2, and (TpA)2]. Models built using proflavine (uniform C3' endo sugar puckers) and acridine orange (mixed C3' endo (3'-5') C2' endo sugar puckers) dinucleoside phosphate X-ray structures were used in the calculations. Relative binding energies, complex geometries, and various intercalator orientations in the complexes were studied. The results suggest qualitatively different geometries for pyr-(3'-5')-pur and pur-(3'-5')-pyr sequences. Specifically, we find marked distortion in some of the complexes (i.e. there is not a parallel coplanar relationship between the base pairs and intercalator), distortion of the NQO nitro group from planarity in the complexes and mobility of NQO in the intercalation site. We suggest that experimental studies of NQO-dinucleoside phosphate complexes may reveal intercalation complexes which deviate substantially more from a nearly parallel coplanar arrangement of bases and intercalator than has been previously observed. PMID- 6801632 TI - [Role of nutrition in present-day treatment of neoplasms]. PMID- 6801633 TI - [Indications for parenteral hyperalimentation in cachectic patients with neoplasms]. PMID- 6801634 TI - The influence of some cinnamic acid derivatives on cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxidase activities. AB - Seven derivatives of cinnamic acid containing hydroxyl group in phenyl ring were found to stimulate cyclo-oxygenase from ram seminal vesicle microsomes and to inhibit lipoxidases from soybean and from horse blood platelets. Certain degree of negative correlation (r=-0,7) was found between the activities of both enzymes. PMID- 6801635 TI - Self-induced myocardial infarction. PMID- 6801638 TI - [Actual therapy of epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801636 TI - Atopic dermatitis due to food allergens. PMID- 6801637 TI - [Surgery of hemorrhoids using CO2 laser]. PMID- 6801639 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the vitamin composition of unicellular algae and higher plants grown under artificial conditions]. AB - The vitamin composition of representatives of green (Chlorella vulgaris, Platimonas viridis), blue-green (Synechococcus elongatus, Coccopedia, Spirulina platensis, Cyanidium caldarium), red (Porphyridium cruentum) unicellular algae and higher plants (wheat, chufa, beet, carrot, turnip, radish, cucumber, dill, Welsh onion, potato) grown under artificial conditions was examined. The content of B complex vitamins (thiamine, riboflavine, nicotinic and folic acids), ascorbic acid and carotene was measured. Among the algae studied Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis showed the highest vitamin activity. The red alga Porphyridium cruentum contained the lowest quantity of thiamine, riboflavine and carotene and larger amounts of nicotinic acid. Comparison of the content of vitamins C, B1, B2, PP, folic acid and carotene in unicellular algae and higher plants, that are natural and traditional sources of the vitamins, demonstrated that the above green and blue-green algae contain greater than higher plants amounts of thiamine, riboflavine, folic acid and carotene, when calculated per g dry matter. All algae, except for Platimonas viridis and Cyanidium caldarium, are superior to beet and carrot in their content of ascorbic acid and inferior to green vegetables (radish, cabbage, dill and Welsh onion) in that parameter. PMID- 6801640 TI - [Chromatography of serine proteases on chitin and its derivatives]. AB - Chitin containing sorbents have been obtained for isolation and purification of serine proteases. Serine proteases from Bacillus subtilis have been purified 4-5 times and commercial preparations of trypsin and chymotrypsin 1.5-2 times by chromatography on nondeproteinized chitin. On the benzylated derivative of nondeproteinized chitin complete separation of trypsin and chymotrypsin has been achieved by chromatography of crude pancreatin. It has been shown that the protein moiety of chitin is important for preferential sorption of serine type proteases. PMID- 6801641 TI - [Use of lithium carbonate in the therapy of diffuse toxic goiter]. AB - Altogether 22 patients with diffuse toxic goiter and 14 with neurocirculatory dystonia, treated with lithium carbonate, were examined. Radioimmunoassay of the blood serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and thyrotropic hormone (TTH) was used to evaluate the clinical and functional effect of the drug. Lithium carbonate in a dose of 900-1800 mg daily during 4-6 weeks produced a significant reduction in T3 level; the level of T4 was less reduced, and the TTH concentration increased. The pulse rate of patient diminished. Antithyroid effect of the drug is more expressed in patients with medium severity thyrotoxicosis. No side effects were recorded. PMID- 6801642 TI - [Proteolytic enzyme inhibitor and the kinin system in thyrotoxicosis]. AB - Free bradykinin, kininogen, kininase, protease inhibitors of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and antitryptic volume of the blood serum were examined in 25 patients suffering from goiter with thyrotoxicosis symptoms. Activation of the kinin system and reduction in the antitryptic volume were revealed before the operation. The level of the rest inhibitors was elevated. After operative intervention these changes became more expressed. alpha 2-Macroglobulin content increased. By the moment of discharge the above parameters tended to normalization. The content of the majority of inhibitors, however, did not reach normal. This should be taken into consideration during rehabilitation of patients with thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6801643 TI - [Human plasma plasminogen activator]. PMID- 6801644 TI - [L forms of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in chronic pleural empyema in tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6801645 TI - [Factors affecting the efficacy of the treatment of tuberculosis patients discharging drug-resistant mycobacteria]. PMID- 6801646 TI - [Dynamics of the release of bacilli and the closing of caverns in newly identified tuberculosis patients undergoing different chemotherapeutic regimens]. PMID- 6801647 TI - [Resistance to streptomycin of Mycobacterium strains isolated from tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6801648 TI - Plasmid-directed synthesis of enzymes required for D-mannitol transport and utilization in Escherichia coli. AB - A transformant Escherichia coli colony bank [Clarke, L. & Carbon, J. (1976) Cell 9, 91-99] has been screened for hybrid ColE1 plasmids carrying the genes for D mannitol utilization. Two of the plasmids, pLC11-7 and pLC15-48, were shown to contain the mannitol operon, which includes the structural genes for the mannitol specific enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system and mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase. One E. coli strain harboring plasmid pLC15-48 overproduced mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase activity 4- to 5-fold. However, there was no corresponding increase in mannitol enzyme II activity. Plasmid pLC15-48 was shown to direct the synthesis of two polypeptides in E. coli minicells in the presence of cyclic AMP and mannitol. The larger (Mr = 60,000) was membrane bound and was specifically precipitated by antibody directed against purified mannitol-specific enzyme II. The smaller (Mr = 40,000) was soluble and had an electrophoretic mobility indistinguishable from that of the major component in a partially purified mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase preparation. These data are consistent with previous genetic studies of the mannitol locus and confirm an independent conclusion [Jacobson, G. R., Lee, C. A. & Saier, M. H., Jr. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 249-252] that mannitol enzyme II consists of a single type of polypeptide chain that has a Mr of 60,000. The plasmid pLC15-48 DNA was characterized by mapping of restriction endonuclease cleavage sites. PMID- 6801649 TI - Metabolism of arachidonate through NADPH-dependent oxygenase of renal cortex. AB - In normal kidneys the renal medulla very efficiently converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Although the renal cortex has only trace amounts of cyclooxygenase activity, we report here the existence of an active cortical NADPH dependent monooxygenase that converts arachidonate primarily into 19-hydroxy- and 20-hydroxyarachidonate as well as 19-ketoarachidonate and a dicarboxylic acid. The enzyme is presumably a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase and demonstrated marked resistance to inhibition by 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF-525A), metyrapone, and carbon monoxide. In the rabbit kidney these products are produced only by the cortex in the presence of NADPH and represent the major metabolic products of arachidonate metabolism. PMID- 6801650 TI - Swainsonine: an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing. AB - Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid, inhibits the processing of asparagine linked glycoproteins in both cell-free extracts and animal cells in culture. Thus, in a liver particulate enzyme preparation, swainsonine at 0.1-1.0 microM inhibited the mannosidase that releases [3H]mannose from a high mannose glycopeptide but only slightly inhibited the release of glucose from a glucose labeled glycopeptide. MDCK and Chinese hamster ovary cells in culture incorporate [2-3H]mannose and [6-3H]glucosamine into both high mannose and complex types of oligosaccharides. When these cells were incubated with swainsonine and then labeled with mannose or glucosamine, there was a dramatic decrease in the amount of label in the complex type of glycopeptide and a substantial increase in the radioactivity in the high mannose type. This change was monitored by the increase in radioactivity that became susceptible to digestion by endoglucosaminidase H with increasing concentrations of swainosine. The endoglucosaminidase H-released oligosaccharide(s) from swainsonine-treated cells was larger and more homogeneous than that from controls and eluted from Bio-Gel P-4 at the position of Man9GlcNAc. Several tissue culture cell lines were grown in the presence of swainsonine to determine its effect on cell surface glycoproteins. Cells grown in the alkaloid showed an increased capacity to bind Escherichia coli B886, a bacterium that binds to high mannose glycoproteins. These cells also showed an increasing binding of [3H]concanavalin A. PMID- 6801651 TI - Synthetic peptide fragment of src gene product inhibits the src protein kinase and crossreacts immunologically with avian onc kinases and cellular phosphoproteins. AB - All the known avian sarcoma viruses have associated protein kinase activities that phosphorylate tyrosine residues of their target proteins. A decapeptide fragment of pp60src of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV), residues 415-424, and an analog of that sequence have been chemically synthesized by solid-phase methods. The two decapeptides were not phosphorylated by pp60src of RSV, P90 of Y73 avian sarcoma virus, or P140 of Fujinami sarcoma virus. However, both peptides were able to inhibit competitively the kinase activities associated with the transforming proteins. Antiserum was raised against one of the peptides and IgG was purified from the serum by affinity chromatography. The antibody was able to precipitate pp60src of RSV as well as P90 of Y73 virus from cells infected with these viruses. The antibody also precipitated a number of high molecular weight phosphoproteins from normal chicken and rat fibroblasts and from several lines of virus-transformed cells. PMID- 6801653 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes: demethylation accompanies class switching. AB - The methylation of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was examined before and after class switching, by using the Hpa II/Msp I restriction mapping technique. The mu, delta, and gamma 1 genes all are methylated in cells that do not express them but are demethylated when they are expressed. In particular, the delta gene remains methylated, and thus presumably untranscribed, in a cell line that probably represents an early stage of B-cell differentiation and produces only mu heavy chains. Because mu and delta RNAs are cotranscribed from a single complex transcription unit at a later stage of B-cell differentiation, this finding implies that the mu-plus-delta complex transcription unit is of variable length. PMID- 6801654 TI - Ultrastructure of chicken cardiac muscle as studied by double immunolabeling in electron microscopy. AB - The ultrastructural localization of alpha-actinin and vinculin in chicken cardiac muscle was studied by double indirect immunoelectron microscopy, using ferritin and iron-dextran (Imposil) as the electron-dense markers conjugated to the secondary antibodies, on ultrathin frozen sections of fixed tissue. Fixation and immunolabeling procedures were developed that permitted maximal retention of the two proteins at their natural sites as well as their adequate labeling. alpha Actinin was found both on the Z-bands, as expected, and near the fascia adherens of the intercalated discs, whereas vinculin was confined to the latter sites. At the fascia adherens, the double labeling results clearly showed that vinculin was situated closer to the membrane than was alpha-actinin. These results, coupled with earlier observations, suggest that vinculin may participate in the linkage of actin-containing microfilament bundles to membranes in a variety of cell types. PMID- 6801652 TI - Early and late functions associated with the Golgi apparatus reside in distinct compartments. AB - Enzymes that catalyze the two successive stages of Golgi-associated processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides distributed differently when membranes from Chinese hamster ovary cells were centrifuged in a sucrose density gradient. A mannosidase that removes only outer, alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues from the precursor oligosaccharides of the vesicular stomatitis viral G protein (to yield a "trimmed" oligosaccharide core) was separated from enzymes (galactosyl- and sialyltransferases) that act in the later, terminal stage of glycosylation. Freshly acylated G protein with newly trimmed oligosaccharides banded in the distribution of early-acting membranes, defined by the mannosidase, whereas G protein pulse-labeled with [3H]galactose distributed in the profile of the late acting membranes. G protein present in the early-acting membranes in crude fractions could be terminally glycosylated by incubation with exogenous Golgi membranes in vitro; G protein lost its ability to be processed in vitro as it appeared to enter the late-acting membranes in vivo. These experiments reveal the existence of two distinct compartments through which intracellularly transported proteins such as G pass in sequence as Golgi-associated processes are carried out. It is likely that these compartments consist of cisternae on the cis and trans sides of the Golgi stack. PMID- 6801655 TI - Selective replication of ribosomal DNA repeats after loss of the abnormal oocyte phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Drosophila melanogaster females homozygous for the abnormal oocyte mutation produce a large excess of female offspring when crossed with XY/0 males. After several generations in abo homozygous stock, this maternal effect is no longer observed. The disappearance of the abo phenotype is coupled with an increase in the amount of DNA coding for rRNA (rDNA). We have used restriction endonuclease analysis of total DNA extracted from adult females and from single female larval brains to investigate the molecular organization of rDNA before and after the loss of abo phenotype. The rDNA increase is associated with variations of the restriction pattern of the nontranscribed spacer, probably due to a selective increase of rDNA repeats. PMID- 6801656 TI - Enhanced graphic matrix analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences. AB - The enhanced graphic matrix procedure analyzes nucleic acid and amino acid sequences for features of possible biological interest and reveals the spatial patterns of such features. When a sequence is compared to itself the technique shows regions of self-complementarity, direct repeats, and palindromic subsequences. Comparison of two different sequences, exemplified by immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes, by using colored graphic matrices showed domains of similarity, regions of divergence, and features explainable by transpositions. Analysis of mouse constant domain immunoglobulin sequences revealed self-complementary regions that can be used to fold the molecule into a structure consistent with electron microscopic observations. Computer translation of nucleic acid sequences into all possible amino acid sequences followed by graphic matrix analysis provides a way to detect the most likely protein encoding regions and can predict the correct reading frames in sequences in which splicing patterns are not defined. Application of this technique to regions of simian virus 40 and polyoma virus demonstrates the frames of translation and shows the agreement of sequences determined in separate laboratories with different virus isolates. The graphic matrix technique can also be used to assemble fragmentary sequences during determination, to display local variations in base composition, to detect distant evolutionary relationships, and to display intragenic variation in rates of evolution. PMID- 6801657 TI - Somatic diversification is required to generate the V kappa genes of MOPC 511 and MOPC 167 myeloma proteins. AB - The immune response to phosphocholine in BALB/c mice involves one group of heavy chain variable region (VH) genes and at least three groups of light chain variable region (V kappa) genes, represented by the gene products of the myelomas TEPC 15, MOPC 603, and MOPC 167/MOPC 511. The amino acid sequences of BALB/c myeloma kappa chains MOPC 167 and MOPC 511 are known, and they differ by six amino acids. We have isolated several closely related V region genes of immunoglobulin light chains from a mouse sperm DNA phage library, selecting clones that cross-hybridize with a cDNA plasmid probe encoding the light chain of MOPC 167. We identified six strongly hybridizing clones, representing three separate cloning events. We determined the sequence of the coding and immediate flanking regions of three clones, representing the three separate cloning events, and they proved to be identical. This germ-line sequence encoded the amino acid sequence of neither MOPC 167 nor MOPC 511, but required four base pair changes to generate the V kappa M167 cDNA sequence and five base pair changes to generate the V kappa M511 gene. By Southern hybridization experiments, we demonstrated that neither MOPC 511 nor MOPC 167 germ-line genes exist. We conclude that the V kappa M167 and V kappa M511 genes are created somatically. PMID- 6801658 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of light chain variable regions derived from five monoclonal anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies differing with respect to a crossreactive idiotype. AB - The induced antibody response to the hapten p-azophenylarsonate in the A/J mouse has provided a model system for the detailed examination of a heritable crossreactive idiotype and its fine structural and serologic analysis. While earlier studies used to apparent homogeneity in the serum response for structural studies, a more complete understanding of the arsonate idiotypic system became possible with the development of monoclonal antibodies differing with respect to these determinants. Five monoclonal antibodies, four crossreactive idiotype positive and one crossreactive idiotype negative, were selected for complete amino acid sequence analysis. The sequences of the light chain variable regions of these molecules are presented here. The data indicate considerable sequence divergence of the monoclonal light chains from the serum light chains. However, there is a striking degree of homology among the monoclonal light chains regardless of the idiotype character of the parent molecule. Although minor variations are apparent throughout the variable regions, the joining regions are identical among light chains in all of these anti-arsonate antibodies. A particularly notable focus of variation is found at positions 92 and 93 in the third hypervariable region. The possible role of this region in the contribution of the light chain to the arsonate crossreactive idiotype is discussed. These data are consistent with the concept that the anti-arsonate monoclonal light chains originate from the joining of a specific J kappa gene segment to a single germ-line V kappa gene segment. These coding segments are likely further subject to a variety of somatic alterations that generate the modest sequence diversity found among the final protein products. PMID- 6801659 TI - Mouse IgA heavy chain gene sequence: implications for evolution of immunoglobulin hinge axons. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene and mRNA coding for the constant (C) region of the secreted form of the BALB/c mouse IgA immunoglobulin alpha heavy (H) chain has been determined. As in other immunoglobulins, the three C region domains of the alpha protein, C alpha 1, C alpha 2, and C alpha 3 are coded in separate exons. However, the hinge region of C alpha is not coded on a separate exon as it is in other hinge-containing immunoglobulins. Instead, the alpha hinge is coded as a 5' extension of the C alpha 2 exon, and we suggest that it may have evolved by duplication leading to incorporation of an acceptor RNA splice site into the coding portion of the C alpha 2 exon. Extensions of this concept could provide an explanation for duplications in the human alpha 1 chain. PMID- 6801660 TI - Establishment and characterization of human T hybrid cells secreting immunoregulatory molecules. AB - Hybridization of human T cells with an azaguanine-resistant human T cell line gave rise to T hybrid cell lines secreting several immunoregulatory molecules. Analyses of karyotypes, HLA phenotypes, and other surface phenotypes, such as T cell-specific antigens or receptors for sheep erythrocytes and the patterns of mitogen responsiveness confirmed that the hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine resistant cell lines were human T-T hybridomas. One of the established hybrid clones (24-A) secreted human interleukin-2 (IL-2). The culture supernatants induced the proliferation of concanavalin A-stimulated murine T cells and supported the proliferation of an IL 2-dependent human cytotoxic T-cell line. In a clone (38-B) that did not show any IL-2 activity in culture supernatants, the addition of macrophages induced IL-2 production in the presence of phytohemagglutinin, suggesting that interleukin-1 induced IL-2 production in T hybrid cells. Hybrid cells secreting killer helper factor were also established. The culture supernatants from this clone, 55-A, helped the induction of cytotoxic T cells against UV-treated human B-blastoid cells but did not show any IL-2 activity. PMID- 6801661 TI - Skin tumor promotion by phorbol esters is a two-stage process. AB - In the semisynthetic compound phorbol 12-retinoate 13-acetate (PRA), the antipromoting principle of vitamin A acid is combined with the structure of a phorbol ester tumor promoter. In skin of NMRI mice, a single topical application of PRA induces skin inflammation, epidermal proliferation, and sustained hyperplasia to a similar extent and apparently along the same pathway as an equimolar dose of the strong tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). The mitogenic effects of both PRA and PMA are mediated by prostaglandin E synthesis. However, in mouse skin initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, PRA does not promote tumor development, even at a high dose. Under continuous PRA treatment, however, one to four applications of PMA (insufficient by itself to promote tumor growth) gave a strong tumor response. Thus, it can be demonstrated that the effects necessary for tumor promotion can be brought about by a single application of PMA and that the subsequent chronic hyperproliferation of epidermis is probably necessary only to make the tumors visible. By using the nonpromoting irritant mitogen PRA, the concept of two-stage tumor promotion can thus be strongly supported. Furthermore, in the NMRI mouse, PRA is a much more potent second-stage promoter than mezerein, recently reported to be an incomplete promoter in the Sencar mouse. PMID- 6801662 TI - Cytochrome P-450-dependent oxygenation of arachidonic acid to hydroxyicosatetraenoic acids. AB - Arachidonic acid is oxidized by a NADPH-dependent oxygenase of rat liver microsomes to a number of oxygen-containing products, which can be resolved by HPLC. Several of these products have been purified and characterized. They exhibit an absorbance in the UV region of the spectrum that has a maximum at approximately 235 nm, indicative of the presence of a conjugated diene function. Mass spectral analysis of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of the methyl esters of the hydrogenated and nonhydrogenated metabolites shows that they are the 9-, 11-, 12-, and 15-monohydroxy derivatives of arachidonic acid, the hydroxyicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). Their UV absorbance and chromatographic properties suggest that these products possess cis,transdiene geometry characteristic of HETEs isolated from other mammalian sources. THe isolation of these isomeric HETEs suggests that cytochrome P-450 may play a role in the oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid to physiologically and pharmacologically important hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids. PMID- 6801663 TI - Synthesis of low molecular weight heat shock peptides stimulated by ecdysterone in a cultured Drosophila cell line. AB - Treatment of Schneider's line 3 Drosophila cells with the steroid hormone ecdysterone rapidly stimulated the synthesis and accumulation of the polypeptide previously designated p7 [Berger, E. M., Ireland, R. C. & Wyss, C. (1980) Somatic Cell Genet. 6, 119-129]. In this report, p7 is identified as the 23,000-dalton heat shock polypeptide (hsp23). In addition to hsp23, the synthesis of the low molecular weight heat shock polypeptides hsp22, hsp26, and hsp27 was also stimulated by ecdysterone, although to different extents. Hybridization of a nick translated genomic clone containing the hsp23 gene to a total RNA blot showed that ecdysterone stimulation of hsp23 synthesis was the result of an increase in the hsp23 RNA content of S3 cells. We detected no effect of the hormone on the synthesis of heat shock polypeptides hsp68, hsp70, and hsp83. PMID- 6801665 TI - Hypocholesterolemic effect of alfalfa meal in monkeys is not due to thyroid stimulation. PMID- 6801664 TI - Assignment of human alpha 1-antitrypsin to chromosome 14 by somatic cell hybrid analysis. AB - Human alpha 1-antitrypsin ( alpha-1-AT;Pi) production was analyzed in 11 primary mouse hepatoma-human lymphoid cell hybrids and in 14 secondary rat hepatoma-human fetal liver fibroblast hybrids. The presence of human alpha-1-AT was determined by Laurell immunoelectrophoresis of concentrated and isotopically labeled supernatant medium. Human alpha-1-AT production segregated in the mouse-human hybrids concordantly with human purine nucleoside phosphorylase and with chromosome 14. All rat-human hybrids that were alpha-1-AT positive were also positive for human purine nucleoside phosphorylase and chromosome 14. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of rodent hepatoma cell hybrids for mapping human liver-specific genes because differentiated functions are expressed despite the fact that the human parental cells did not express these functions. Our study also showed that human alpha-1-AT gene product can be processed for secretion in the rodent hepatoma cellular environment. The mouse-human hybrids showed that no other human chromosome carries genes necessary for processing or secretion of human alpha-1-AT in the hybrid cell milieu. PMID- 6801666 TI - Effects of expiratory positive airway pressure vs continuous positive airway pressure in conscious, spontaneously breathing dogs. PMID- 6801667 TI - Clinical and serological evaluation of a meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine groups A, C, Y, and W135. PMID- 6801668 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of human antibodies to group C meningococcal polysaccharide. PMID- 6801669 TI - Rat strain differences in gluconeogenesis by isolated hepatocytes. PMID- 6801670 TI - Effects of multiple small doses of progesterone on estrogen and gonadotropin secretion in the cyclic hamster. PMID- 6801671 TI - Serum testosterone concentrations during the 4-day estrous cycle in normal and adrenalectomized rats. PMID- 6801672 TI - Effects of histamine receptor antagonists metiamide and cimetidine on antibody formation in vitro by murine cells. PMID- 6801673 TI - Alterations in proestrous LH, FSH, and prolactin surges in middle-aged rats. PMID- 6801674 TI - Induced biosynthesis of cutaneous prostaglandins by ionizing irradiation. PMID- 6801675 TI - [A visit to a hospital in Barcellona]. PMID- 6801676 TI - [Nursing care plan for a woman with chronic recurrent psychosis]. PMID- 6801677 TI - [The psychiatric service of Desio]. PMID- 6801678 TI - [Causes, sources and spread of microbial infections in the hospital]. PMID- 6801679 TI - [Determination of the professional profile of nurses and health technicians essential to the National Service]. PMID- 6801680 TI - Hemophilia and hemostasis. Introductory remarks. PMID- 6801681 TI - The factor VIII complex: structure and function. AB - Normal human plasma contains a complex of two proteins that are important in hemostasis and coagulation. The factor VIII procoagulant protein (antihemophilic factor) and the factor VIII-related protein (von Willebrand factor) are under separate genetic control, have distinct biochemical properties, and have unique and essential physiologic properties. While the nature of their interaction and the details of their biochemical structure remain to be determined, the information now available permits a preliminary understanding of the molecular defects in the factor VIII deficiency disease. PMID- 6801682 TI - Current status and trends in the treatment of hemophilic patients with inhibitors. PMID- 6801683 TI - Heterogeneity in von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6801684 TI - Rationale for the treatment of von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6801685 TI - Clinical impact of hemostatic regulations. PMID- 6801686 TI - Is hemophilia a disease of the tissue factor pathway of coagulation? PMID- 6801688 TI - Marginal malnutrition and reproductive performance. PMID- 6801689 TI - Marginal malnutrition and immunocompetence. PMID- 6801687 TI - Fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in children in relation to protein energy malnutrition and environmental stress. PMID- 6801690 TI - Marginal malnutrition and working capacity. PMID- 6801691 TI - Impact of nutrition on host defense. PMID- 6801693 TI - Interventions to deal with infections and malnutrition. PMID- 6801692 TI - Impact of nutrition on host resistance. PMID- 6801694 TI - Nutrition intervention programmes in Africa, with reference to Tanzania. PMID- 6801695 TI - Physical activity: impact on protein and amino acid metabolism and implications for nutritional requirements. PMID- 6801696 TI - Novel sources of protein in animal and human nutrition. PMID- 6801698 TI - Prognostic strength of nutritional assessment. PMID- 6801697 TI - Nutrition of the preterm newborn infant. PMID- 6801699 TI - Controlled clinical trials in the assessment of nutritional support. PMID- 6801700 TI - Nutritional care of hospitalized patients in Brazil with particular reference to pellagra and alcoholism as complicating factors. PMID- 6801701 TI - Drug metabolism in malnourished children. PMID- 6801702 TI - The prevalence and possible causes of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies in the world. PMID- 6801703 TI - Urethral diverticula: urethral closure pressure profile: a preliminary report. PMID- 6801704 TI - Reexamination of the intraurethral pressure determination using CO2 perfusion: its monitoring mechanism, standardization, and employment for the determination of the urethral constitutive property. AB - Urethral closure pressure profile is intended to provide an index of urethral resistance to bladder output, enable an assessment of urinary continence, provide distinction between a distensible and fibrotic sphincter urethral segment, and contribute information to enable characterization of detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. However, the intraurethral pressure is a function of the catheter size, the hole size through which fluid is perfused, the fluid perfusion rate and the distensibility of the urethral sphincter segment; for want of standardization, it is difficult to functionally interpret the value of the peak urethral pressure taken with a certain catheter at a given perfusion rate. We have catered to this lacunae by developing (i) the urethral closing pressure, as the peak intraurethral pressure for theoretical limiting cases of zero perfusion rate and urethral diameter, and (ii) the urethral stiffness as a relation between its wall tension and tensile strain. Their detailed analyses and clinical interpretations are provided. PMID- 6801705 TI - How to antagonize ethanol-induced inebriation. PMID- 6801706 TI - Photoreactivation and excision repair of UV induced pyrimidine dimers in the unicellular cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa alpicola (Synechocystis PCC 6308). PMID- 6801707 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol intake on isozyme patterns of liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - ADH isozyme patterns in cirrhotic humans who had chronic alcoholic histories were studied to elucidate the relationship between their changes and the degree of liver damage. Liver ADH activity was significantly reduced in alcoholic cirrhosis. Electrophoretic separation of ADH isozyme revealed three fractions : two faster moving anodic isozymes (A1, A2) and one cathodic from the intermediate mobility (C). No significant differences was observed in the ADH isozyme patterns among control cases. The percentages of A1, A2 and C forms were 15 - 20%, 60 - 70% and 5 - 10% of the total enzyme activities, respectively. The isozyme patterns of ADH in the liver of cirrhotic patients were somewhat different from those in control cases : the average activity of A1 and C isozyme decreased markedly while the A2 form could not be observed. PMID- 6801708 TI - Fusion beat demonstrated by suction electrode technique in man. PMID- 6801709 TI - The metabolism of the preserved heart. I. Does lactate properly reflect the functional state of the preserved heart? PMID- 6801710 TI - Endocrine mechanisms in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. IV. Prostaglandins and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6801711 TI - The influence of magnetic fields on some humoral parameters and on resistance to hyperthermia in rats. AB - The influence of magnetic fields of moderate intensities (50 and 120 Oe) was studied in rats after single or repeated exposures with or without a rise in environmental temperature. The following parameters were investigated: the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes, the percentage of different varieties of leucocytes, serum Na+ and K+, plasma corticosterone, ascorbic acid in adrenals, blood catecholamines, plasma fibrinolytic activity, plasma antidiuretic hormone. The resistance to hyperthermia was tested after single exposures to magnetic fields and the survival time was measured. The only significant change recorded in the number of blood cells was a leucopenia after single exposures to 50 Oe for 4 hrs. The parameters indicating the activity of the adrenal cortex were not altered significantly. A moderate rise in blood noradrenaline suggested a possible mild stimulation of the adrenergic system. The plasma fibrinolytic activity was significantly stimulated after single exposures, but no change in fibrinolysis could be recorded after repeated exposures to magnetic fields. Changes observed in plasma ADH were not conclusive. The resistance of animals to hyperthermia - as a general test of reactivity - showed minimal changes in the survival time, loss of weight, and rectal temperature in animals exposed to hyperthermia (40 degrees C) under the influence of the magnetic fields. PMID- 6801712 TI - Electrocardiographic and metabolic investigations concerning the exhaustive exercise under conditions of adrenergic blocking in rats. PMID- 6801713 TI - A study concerning adaptability in overweight puberal children. AB - In order to evaluate the adaptability to effort there was used the submaximal test of the triangular type on the bicycle ergometer with a progressively increasing load of 10 W/min until the optimum maximum heart rate (fno) was reached. The heart rate, blood pressure, CO2 produced and O2 consumption were investigated, calculating the maximum oxygen consumption and that of the "adaptability coefficient". The external ventilation parameters were determined by spirography. There were examined 49 pupils of both sexes, aged between 10 and 15, of different physical condition, some of them presenting overweight. It was noticed that the children practising sport showed the best adaptation capacity to effort. Between the untrained and overweight children the differences were unsignificant, with the exception that the overweight children showed a diminished VO2 max. ml/kg/min. PMID- 6801714 TI - Theoretical and experimental bases of the ex vivo organ conditioning prior to transplantation. I. Metabolic possibilities. PMID- 6801716 TI - Artificial rearing of preweanling rats: the effectiveness of direct intragastric feeding. PMID- 6801715 TI - [Immunological physiopathology of the liver]. PMID- 6801718 TI - The elephant man. PMID- 6801717 TI - Current CO2 laser surgery. PMID- 6801719 TI - Psychiatric effects of long-term home hyperalimentation. PMID- 6801720 TI - Developmental responses of the Drosophila melanogaster embryo to localized X irradiation. PMID- 6801721 TI - Interactions between 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and repeated low-level X radiation in hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis: dependence on the relative timing of DMBA and radiation treatments. PMID- 6801722 TI - [Methods of topometric radiotherapy planning in prostate cancer]. PMID- 6801723 TI - [The influence of pulmonary tissue on dose distribution in the radiation therapy with fast electrons (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801724 TI - Partial tolerance and time dose fractionation values for common external beam radiation therapy schedules. PMID- 6801725 TI - Cost-effectiveness of stereoscopic radiographs in detection of lung nodules. AB - Detection of lung nodules was assessed using a series of radiographs which were either normal or showed only one nodule. Stereoscopic pairs were obtained in 26 cases (10 positive and 16 normal). A "singles" series comprising one radiograph from each pair was presented to each observer on three occasions. The pairs were later presented side by side and finally were viewed stereoscopically. The results indicate that a second shifted radiograph improves detection of lung nodules enough to be cost-effective. The shifted radiographs do not need to be viewed stereoscopically. PMID- 6801726 TI - President's address. Issues in radiology related to the new technologies. PMID- 6801727 TI - Radiographic quantitation of reversible blood-brain barrier disruption in vivo. AB - Cranial computed tomography (CT) was used to quantitate disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB) in dogs in vivo following intracarotid infusion of hypertonic mannitol. The degree of opening varied with the same dose and infusion rate. The ratio of contrast enhancement in brain vs. venous blood was elevated in 4 of 5 mannitol-treated animals, with the greatest enhancement occurring in the ipsilateral basal ganglia and cortical gray matter. The statistical significance and reproducibility of the derived CT numbers used for brain and venous blood calculations, as well as the linear relationship between iodine concentration and CT enhancement, was affirmed by obtaining multiple consecutive scans. PMID- 6801728 TI - Differential systemic arterial and venous actions and consequent cardiac effects of vasodilator drugs. PMID- 6801729 TI - Bronchoactive metabolites of arachidonic acid and their role in airway function. PMID- 6801730 TI - Rabbit renal cortical microsomes metabolize arachidonic acid to trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. AB - (1-14C) Eicosatetraenoic (Arachidonic) acid was incubated with microsomes from rabbit renal cortex and NADPH (1 mM) for 15 min at 37 degrees C. The products were extracted and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Some of the most polar metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. They were 11,12,19- and 11,12,20-trihydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid, 14,15,19- and 14,15,20-trihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, and 11,12-dihydroxy-19-oxo 5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid. These products were likely formed by omega-and ( omega-1)-hydroxylation of 11,12-dihydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid and 14,15 dihydroxy-5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid, two recently identified metabolites of arachidonic acid in fortified rabbit kidney microsomes. PMID- 6801731 TI - A proposed role for prostaglandins in the modulation of the relaxation response to urotensin I in isolated rat arteries. PMID- 6801732 TI - Some new prospects in the mechanism of control of arachidonate metabolism in human placenta and amnion. PMID- 6801733 TI - Effects of suprofen and other prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in a new animal model for myometrial hyperactivity. AB - An in situ model for studying factors related to dysmenorrhea and for evaluating drugs for their inhibitory effects on uterine contractility induced by arachidonic acid and prostaglandins has been developed. Intravenous administration of arachidonic acid and PGF2 alpha to guinea pigs during the late stage of the estrous cycle, induced dose related uterine contractions and an elevation in uterine basal pressure similar to that seen in patients with dysmenorrhea. Pretreatment with prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors inhibited the response to arachidonic acid. The order of relative potency was suprofen (1) greater than indomethacin (0.65) greater than naproxen (0.52) greater than ibuprofen (0.43) greater than aspirin (0.31). The effectiveness or maximal response for suprofen was significantly greater than that of the other compounds tested. Simultaneous administration of suprofen with PGF2 alpha also blocked induction of uterine contractions, suggesting the possibility that suprofen also antagonizes PGF2 alpha receptor binding. Bradykinin also induced uterine contractions, an effect blocked by pretreatment with suprofen. Finally, histochemical studies demonstrated stimulation of uterine catecholamine levels (norepinephrine) by arachidonic acid, PGF2 alpha and bradykinin. These effects were blocked by suprofen. These data suggest that suprofen, an analgesic prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, may be of use in the clinical treatment of uterine contractions associated with primary dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6801734 TI - Interaction of nicotine and prostaglandins in the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6801735 TI - The in vitro production of prostanoids by cultured bovine articular chondrocytes. AB - Bovine articular chondrocytes, cultured as cell suspensions and monolayers, produced prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGI2 (assayed as 6 keto PGF1 alpha), rather less PGF2 alpha and irregular quantities of thromboxane (Tx) B2. Addition of foetal calf serum to the medium greatly stimulated PG production (a sixfold increase in PGE2 and a twofold increase in 6 keto PGF1 alpha). Prostanoid production by cell suspensions grown in serum-free medium generally plateaued after 24 hours. In the presence of 20% foetal calf serum, prostanoid production in long-term monolayer cultures increased during the first 6 days of culture. Levels of PGE2 and TxB2 then decreased, while 6 keto PGF1 alpha levels remained high. Indomethacin (10(-6)M) inhibited chondrocyte PG production both in the presence and absence of added arachidonic acid (10(-4)M). Prostanoids produced by chondrocytes may play a role in the modulation of cartilage metabolism in vivo. PMID- 6801736 TI - Selective synthesis of octadeuterated (+/-)-5-HETE for use in GC-MS quantitation of 5-HETE. AB - 5(S)-hydroxy-6 trans-8,11,14 cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE) is the major product of arachidonic acid metabolism via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. A limiting factor in the quantitation of 5-HETE by GC-MS analysis is the availability of a stable isotope analog for use as an internal standard. In this report, we detail procedures for selective chemical synthesis of multimilligram quantities of octadeuterated (+/-)-5-HETE from octadeuterated arachidonic acid. The octadeuterated (+/-)-5-HETE is suitable for use as an internal standard for GC-MS quantitation of 5-HETE. Preparation of the octadeuterated analog of 5-HETE can be readily performed in most laboratory settings. PMID- 6801737 TI - The effect of indomethacin on spontaneous and human menopausal gonadotropin induced pressure changes in the tissue and arterial vascular system from human ovaries perfused in vitro. AB - Eight human ovaries were perfused in a closed recirculating system with a semisynthetic, hemoglobin-free medium. Arterial and intraovarian pressures were recorded simultaneously. In three experiments spontaneous pressure changes were noticed. In five experiments pressure changes were induced with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) (approximately 70mIU/ml follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and 40mIU/ml luteotrophic hormone (LH) II. IRP-hMG). Frequency and amplitude of pressure changes in the arterial system and fluctuations in tissue pressure were reduced with indomethacin (20 micrograms/ml). In one experiment 40 micrograms/ml indomethacin had been used. In spite of the high dose of indomethacin arterial and tissue pressure changes were not abolished in all experiments. Therefore it is assumed that vascular and tissue activities are not mediated by prostaglandins only. PMID- 6801738 TI - Seasonal variation in thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) content of different brain regions and the pineal in the mammalian hibernator, Citellus lateralis. AB - We have measured the endogenous TRH concentration in the pineal and 9 brain regions of a seasonal hibernator, the golden-mantled ground squirrel, during euthermia and hibernation in order to investigate the possibility that changes in TRH concentration might occur in association with naturally-occurring changes in CNS-mediated physiological and behavioral processes. Regional TRH content was assessed by radioimmunoassay in adult animals that were killed during euthermia in the mid-portion of each season and during hibernation in mid-winter. No significant changes in TRH concentration related to season or to hibernation versus euthermic state were noted in the hippocampus, brainstem, or cerebellum. In the olfactory bulb, preoptic area, and pineal, seasonal variation within euthermic groups was evident. During hibernation, statistically significant decreases in TRH content occurred in the forebrain, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, septum, preoptic area, and midbrain. Significant fluctuations during hibernation were also observed in the pineal. In this structure, TRH concentration varied in relation to the phase of the hibernation bout. TRH content in the last quarter of the bout was three times greater when compared to values observed in the first quarter of the bout. These results suggest that TRH may be involved in the control processes attributed to these regions and support a role for TRH in the neural control of hibernation. PMID- 6801740 TI - [The nomenclature of some Theileria species (Sporozoa, Babesioidea) of domestic ruminants (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801739 TI - [Radiotherapy of the inoperable kidney tumours in the adult (author's transl)]. AB - Radiotherapy as the sole method of treatment or as a preoperative measure is an important tool against the inoperable tumours of the kidney in the adult. Several techniques of irradiation are possible, for all of which the CT is an invaluable means of efficiency. The author describes the case of a huge renal tumour in a patient aged 76, exclusively treated by cobalt therapy, who is alive and well at more than 3 years. Four main conclusions are drawn: 1) the treatment must be versatile and continuously adapted to the clinical, radiological and CT modifications; 2) in the first phase of treatment a large tumour must be irradiated through a grid (gamma or high energy X-rays); 3) the fractionation must be very slow (2 sessions a week or several cycles in an overall time of some months, with periods of rest); in order to getting a good re-oxygenation of the large anoxic parts of the tumour mass; 4) the involution of the tumour must be graphically evaluated, as the rate of shrinkage may be very slow, continuing many months after completion of the treatment. PMID- 6801741 TI - Acute pulmonary oedema due to lithium intoxication. AB - We present a case of acute lithium ion intoxication in which the main clinical feature was respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary oedema possibly due to myocardial depression, associated with profound stupor. The initial lithium ion concentrations were 3.15 mmol/l in plasma and 27.6 mmol/l in urine. Under symptomatic treatment with oxygen, digitalis and diuretics, both the pulmonary and the neurological disorders reverted gradually, in parallel with the decreasing plasma lithium ion concentrations. PMID- 6801742 TI - Influence of diet on CO2 production and ventilation in constant-load exercise. AB - The coupling between ventilation (VE) and oxygen uptake (VO2) or carbon dioxide production (VCO2) was tested during constant-load cycle ergometry in five healthy, young female volunteers. The ratio of VCO2/VO2 (respiratory quotient, RQ) was altered during exercise by prior dietary manipulation involving three diets: (a) low carbohydrate (L), (b) high carbohydrate (H) and (c) normal, mixed (M) diet. The constant power output selected for a 10-min exercise period approximated 80% of the power output at the anaerobic threshold. At rest and during exercise, the RQ and blood lactate concentration were lower following the L diet than either the H or M diets. All measurements for the H and M diets were similar. In exercise, the VO2 was higher in the L diet (1428 ml/min) than the H diet (1293 ml/min) (P less than 0.05). Although the VCO2 tended to be lower and the VE higher during exercise in the L diet, these values were not significantly different from the H dit. The ratio of VE/VO2 was not different fro the two diets. In the L diet, VE/VCO2 was greater than the H diet (P less than 0.05). A kinetic analysis showed no differences as a consequence of the diets in the rate of adaptation of VO2, VCO2 or VE to the plateau levels. This study has demonstrated an uncoupling of the constant relationship between VE and VCO2 by prior dietary manipulation; however, the relationship between VE and VO2 remained constant in spite of a change in the metabolic RQ which altered VO2 and VCO2 at a constant power output. PMID- 6801743 TI - Respiratory properties of blood in a strictly aquatic and predominantly skin breathing urodele, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. AB - The strictly aquatic urodele. Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, is one of the largest gill-less vertebrates in which most of the respiratory gas exchanges occur across the skin. In this study we have examined some of the gas carrying relationships in blood to determine whether certain properties are particularly adaptive to the hellbender's well oxygenated habitat and predominantly cutaneous mode of respiration. The O2 dissociation curve is sigmoidal (n = 2.9) having a P50 of 23.6 mm Hg (at pHa and PaCO2) and a Bohr factor of -0.24. A considerable amount of arterio-venous mixing prior to the ejection of blood from the heart is thought to account for a comparatively low arterial O2 1-1 .pH-1 for a hematocrit of 29%. Attention is drawn to the variability in the protein buffering related CO2 combining properties in vitro caused by hct alterations during different methods of blood sampling. Acid-base relationships between whole blood, true plasma and separated plasma are essentially the same as those described for mammalian blood. Interspecies comparison with the data from this study suggest that factors such as microhabitat, rather than water or air breathing per se, may influence the characteristics of blood O2 and CO2 carriage in amphibians. PMID- 6801744 TI - Respiratory, circulatory and acid-base adjustments to hypercapnia in a strictly aquatic and predominantly skin-breathing urodele, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis. AB - Upon initial exposure to increased ambient CO2, Cryptobranchus is titrated along an in vivo buffer line whose slope is considerably reduced from that observed when whole blood samples are equilibrated in vitro. During this time, there is no apparent reduction in the PCO2 difference between arterial blood and inspired media (PaCO2 -PICO2), despite an increase in auxiliary respiratory activities (lung and buccopharyngeal ventilation). The development of this non-compensated respiratory acidosis in the skin-breathing salamander is reminiscent of the situation seen in gill-breathing fish where the control of the acid-base balance is achieved by means other than ventilation. The increased ventilatory activities in Cryptobranchus can be interpreted as a response to the effect that the acidotic conditions have on arterial oxygenation (i.e.: CO2 Bohr effect); as a result, PaO2 increases and appears to counteract the arterial hypoxaemia which would otherwise result. More prolonged hypercapnia leads to compensatory phase of acid-base adjustment whereby plasma bicarbonate increases along a gently rising PaCO2 line to a new steady state equilibrium. This compensatory stage is slow acting and offers little by way of restoring the arterial blood pH, at least over the 36-h CO2 exposure period studied. The recovery period in air-saturated conditions is very gradual with PaCO2 levels exhibiting an exponential pattern of decline. This, together with the PaCO2 -PICO2 observations above, lends support to an accumulating body of evidence which suggests that respiratory CO2 losses across the amphibian skin are passive or at best only poorly controlled. PMID- 6801745 TI - [Non-A-non-B hepatitis virus: a new villain on the scene]. PMID- 6801746 TI - [Focal crises induced by intermittent photic stimulation (case report)]. PMID- 6801747 TI - [Epilepsy in advanced age]. AB - A study was performed on 174 epileptic patients aged of 65 years and over. This semeiology of seizures of 156 patients can be categorized according to the international Classification of the epilepsies. Correlations were made between epilepsy form and scan. We had found that majority (74%) of the patients manifested parital seizures either with elementary or a complex symptomatology. The generalized tonico-clonic seizures of the aged were less frequent: 9% consisted of partial seizures secondarily generalized, 1% of Grand Mal primary generalized epilepsies and 16% of secondary generalized epilepsies due to a cerebral involution which can be only detectable with CT-scan. By means of CT scan we were able to define the true etiology in 63% of our patients. PMID- 6801748 TI - [Partial seizures with affective symptomatology of fear in children]. AB - We describe 11 children suffering from parital seizures with affective symptomatology of fear. These subjects are typified by a very high percentage of pathological antecedents and by a lack of familial epilepsy. In 8 of 11 cases, the seizures with fear symptomatology are associated with localized or unilateral myoclonus. Etiological connection is present in 82% of the subjects. Long-term evolution is differentiated, probably because of the association of motor manifestations and or different form of seizures to this of epilepsy. In addition, the occurrance of temporal right focus on the EEG is very high, which could probably be correlated to the right hemisphere's specialization for the modulation of the affective sphere. PMID- 6801749 TI - [Lithium in the prophylaxis of recurrent affective disorders. Effectiveness of low plasma levels and predictors to clinical response (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-eight patients suffering from recurrent affective disorder were treated at the Lithium Clinic of the Department of Clinical Psychiatry, University of Florence, with lithium carbonate for a period of 3-8 years; twenty-four (76%) had good response. The latter was defined as a decrease of at least 50% of recurrences during the period of treatment when compared with those of the period preceding treatment. This improvement was obtained in spite of the fact that plasmatic lithium was maintained within 0.40-0.80 mEq/l, a range lower than recommended. However, patients who sometimes let this value fall below 0.40 had significantly increased relapses. No marked toxic effect was recorded. Some factors (bipolar illness, typical symptom pattern and, probably, family history of affective disorder) were associated with a favourable outcome. However, the absence of these did not predict a poor response in more than 40% of the cases. The authors therefore conclude that it is worthwhile to start a lithium treatment whenever a diagnosis of recurrent affective disorder is met. PMID- 6801750 TI - [Animal models in lupus]. AB - The study of spontaneous animal models of the lupoid disease has permitted a better understanding of the intermediary mechanisms which lead to the production of auto-anti-polymorphonuclear antibodies, and of glomerulo-nephritis by means of immune complexes. In comparison with a primitive thymic deficiency which causes a disorder in immunity regulation, under the control of activating and suppressing T lymphocytes, these models have demonstrated the probable role of intrinsic hyper-activity of the B lymphocytes. The association of these two disturbances seems necessary for the development of the disease in NZB and F1 New Zealand mice (NZB X NZW); nonetheless, the studies of other murine models (notably MRL/1 pr and B X SB mice) reveal a great diversity in lymphocytic disturbances, capable of leading to the production of auto-antibodies. These models allow genetic control of lupoid disease to be undertaken. Finally, canine lupus and Aleutian mink disease underline the possible role of a transmittable viral agent. PMID- 6801751 TI - [Hypophosphatemic vitamin-resistant osteomalacia associated with neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6801752 TI - [Compressive myelopathy caused by isolated ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]. PMID- 6801753 TI - [Biological and histological profile of osteomalacia in condensing prostatic osteosis. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors report on 4 cases of condensating prostatic osteosis, whose biological picture and histomorphometric lesions in the involved area indicate osteomalacia. They discuss the individual nature of such a syndrome, the links between vitamin D deficiency and hyperosteoidosis at a very slow noted speed of calcification, and the usefulness of investigating and treating the syndrome. PMID- 6801754 TI - [Treatment of Paget's disease with 1-ethane-1-hydroxy-1-diphosphonate]. AB - The authors treated 11 patients suffering from severe and/or quickly developing Paget's disease (3 of whom had leontiasis ossea), using etidronate (E.H.D.P.) at doses of 7 to 15 mg.kg/day for a period of 6 months. The patients were followed up for 18 months, on average. The following were the conclusions of the investigation: E.H.D.P. is an effective treatment of Paget's disease: the decrease in hydroxyprolinuria was greater and more durable than that of the alcalin phosphatases; a variation between these two values even seems to appear under treatment. However, although some patients responded very well to the treatment, others were less responsive; at the dosages used, E.H.D.P. reduced the scanning hyperfixation of the active pagetic areas in 6 patients: it likewise more or less markedly reduced hyperosteoclastosis, with no apparent increase in the osteoid volume; two patients suffering from upper maxillary disease regressed clinically (dentures had become too large); headache and hypacusia were not modified; the response to the treatment seems to depend on three factors: the activity of the patient, the dosage used, and an individual factor which may be linked to the severity of the osteoidosis. PMID- 6801755 TI - [A new autochthonous case of American trypanosomiasis on the southern coast of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 6801756 TI - Reference values for 51Cr-EDTA clearance as a measure of glomerular filtration rate. AB - Reference values for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were defined using eight reports including epidemiological studies and studies in kidney donors. Studies using both inulin and 51Cr-EDTA were included. GFR decreased with age, by 4 ml/min decade below the age of 50, and 10 ml/min decade above 50 years of age. No sex difference was found. +/- 2 SD was equal to 25 ml/min at all ages. Based on these findings a nomogram for GFR is presented. Emphasis is given to the use of plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA estimated with single injection technique as the new reference method for GFR measurement. PMID- 6801757 TI - The effect of propranolol on insulin-stimulated gastric secretion in dogs. AB - The effect of beta-adrenergic blockade on the insulin hypoglycemia-induced gastric secretion was studied. Insulin-stimulated (0.15 IU/kg) gastric acid and pepsin output and serum gastrin were measured before and after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (20 microgram/kg/min intravenous infusion) in gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch dogs. Insulin injection caused acid and pepsin secretion from the gastric fistula, and both acid and pepsin secretion was significantly increased during beta-adrenergic blockade. Significant gastrin release was observed after insulin stimulation. However, the insulin-induced gastrin release was unaltered by intravenous infusion of propranolol. The Heidenhain pouch did not show any secretion in these experiments. It is concluded that beta-adrenergic blockade augments the hypoglycemia-induced gastric secretion in dogs. Furthermore, it seems that this effect is not dependent on vagally released gastrin. PMID- 6801758 TI - The effect of secretin on gastric H+ and pepsin secretion and on urinary electrolyte excretion in man. AB - After an initial 40-min period of gastric suction, the gastric juice was collected for 12 30-min periods from 8 healthy young male students. During the first hour 30-min periods saline alone was infused, whereafter secretin in a dose of 0.05 CU/kg and h was given in the middle four 30-min periods and in a dose of 0.25 CU/kg and h for the final four 30-min periods. Urine was collected in three 2-h portions corresponding to each change of infusion procedure, and blood for determination of plasma secretin by a radioimmunoassay procedure was drawn at hourly intervals. Plasma secretin was unaltered both during the saline infusion and during the infusion of secretin in a dose of 0.05 CU/kg and h but rose during the infusion of 0.25 CU/kg and h. Compared with the mean 30-min output in the initial saline control period, gastrin pepsin secretion rose significantly in the third 30-min period, and gastric H+ output fell significantly in the fourth 30 min period of infusion of secretin in a dose of 0.05 CU/kg and h. During the higher secretin dose gastric output could not be evaluated owing to duodenogastric reflux. Urinary sodium excretion increased only during the infusion of secretin in a dose of 0.25 CU/kg and h, whereas secretin showed no effect on the urinary outputs of water, potassium, and solutes. The results of the present study indicate that secretin may play a physiological role in the regulation of gastric H+ and pepsin secretions, whereas its diuretic effect probably is a pharmacological effect only. PMID- 6801759 TI - Hepatitis A. Aspects on prophylaxis and a comparison with hepatitis B and hepatitis non-A, non-B on epidemiology and prognosis. PMID- 6801760 TI - [Primary and secondary causes of petit mal epilepsy]. PMID- 6801761 TI - Myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. effects of mannitol in the cardioplegic solution on cardiac metabolism and enzyme release. AB - Myocardial substrate metabolism and enzyme release following hypothermic potassium cardioplegia with and without the addition of mannitol in the cardioplegic solution were studied in two series of patients undergoing isolated aortic valve replacement. Measurements were made of PO2. O2-saturation and content, PCO2, pH, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, potassium, myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), its isoenzyme MB and aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) simultaneously in arterial and coronary sinus blood before cardioplegia and during the first 60 min after the release of aortic cross-clamping. In addition, myoglobin and enzymes were followed in peripheral venous blood for 72 hours after cardioplegia. Analysis of the results revealed no striking difference between the groups. Nevertheless, with the addition of mannitol, there was a slightly lower release of lactate and myoglobin probably indicating a more rapid metabolic recovery of the myocardium. PMID- 6801762 TI - Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. AB - After infection and a prolonged incubation period, the scrapie agent causes a degenerative disease of the central nervous system in sheep and goats. Six lines of evidence including sensitivity to proteases demonstrate that this agent contains a protein that is required for infectivity. Although the scrapie agent is irreversibly inactivated by alkali, five procedures with more specificity for modifying nucleic acids failed to cause inactivation. The agent shows heterogeneity with respect to size, apparently a result of its hydrophobicity; the smallest form may have a molecular weight of 50,000 or less. Because the novel properties of the scrapie agent distinguish it from viruses, plasmids, and viroids, a new term "prion" is proposed to denote a small proteinaceous infectious particle which is resistant to inactivation by most procedures that modify nucleic acids. Knowledge of the scrapie agent structure may have significance for understanding the causes of several degenerative diseases. PMID- 6801763 TI - Loco intoxication: indolizidine alkaloids of spotted locoweed (Astragalus lentiginosus). PMID- 6801764 TI - Human immunoglobulin heavy chain genes map to a region of translocations in malignant B lymphocytes. PMID- 6801765 TI - Somatic mutation in genes for the variable portion of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - The size of the gene pool potentially encoding antibodies to p-azophenyl arsonate has been examined. A heavy chain-specific full-length complementary DNA clone has been constructed with the use of messenger RNA from a hybridoma that produces antibodies to the arsonate hapten and bears nearly a full complement of the determinants comprising the cross-reactive idiotype (CRI). The sequences of both the complementary DNA clone and the corresponding immunoglobulin heavy chain have been independently determined. A probe for the variable region gene was prepared from the original heavy chain complementary DNA clone and used to analyze, by Southern filter hybridization, genomic DNA from both A/J (CRI positive) and BALB/c (CRI negative) mice. Approximately 20 to 25 restriction fragments containing "germline" variable region gene segments were detected in both strains, and many are shared by both, Since 35 CRI-positive heavy chains have been partially sequenced thus far and 31 are different, the results of the hybridization analysis suggest that somatic mutation events involving the variable region gene segments of the heavy chain play a role in the origin of the amino acid sequence diversity seen in this system. PMID- 6801766 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: role of a surface protein in the attachment organelle. AB - Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to host cell by means of a specialized terminus initiates infection. Monoclonal antibodies to a surface protein (Pl) inhibit this process, and react with a region of the tip covered with peplomer like particles. Since antibodies against the Pl protein are generated by natural and experimental infection and by immunization, the substance may be an important determinant of protective immunity. PMID- 6801767 TI - Cannabinoids in male mice: effects on fertility and spermatogenesis. PMID- 6801769 TI - Intraosseous lipomas with reactive ossification in the proximal femur. Report of eight cases. PMID- 6801768 TI - Oxygen delivery to the brain before and after birth. AB - We studied the relationship between cerebral oxygen consumption and cerebral oxygen delivery (cerebral blood flow x arterial oxygen content) in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep, Relative to the amount of oxygen consumed, cerebral oxygen delivery in the fetus exceeds that in the lamb and adult by 70 percent. This may represent a protective advantage for the fetus or simply a necessary adaptation to the low arterial oxygen pressure in the intrauterine environment. PMID- 6801770 TI - True heterotopic bone in the paralyzed patient. PMID- 6801771 TI - [Health consumption and explosion of health costs in the budgets of French families]. PMID- 6801772 TI - [Organization of an emergency service]. PMID- 6801773 TI - Are diuretics useful in the treatment or prevention of acute renal failure? PMID- 6801774 TI - Gaucher's disease associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6801775 TI - [Economic aspects of morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity among the oil workers of western Siberia]. PMID- 6801776 TI - [Economic problems of public health today]. PMID- 6801777 TI - [Approximate calculation of the economic effect of preserving human life]. PMID- 6801778 TI - [Significance of the pulmonary gas exchange reaction to physical loading in evaluating the effectiveness of mitral commissurotomy]. PMID- 6801779 TI - [Functional morphological characteristics of the small intestine mucosa in chronic lead poisoning]. PMID- 6801780 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6801781 TI - [Medical rehabilitation of patients with sequelae of war injuries of the nervous system]. PMID- 6801782 TI - Myelopathy due to ossification of the ligamentum flavum of the cervical spine. A report of two cases. PMID- 6801783 TI - [Lyophilization of pertussis vaccine for use as a reference standard]. PMID- 6801785 TI - An atypical form of familial myoclonus epilepsy. A case report. AB - A case of familial myoclonus epilepsy with progressive mental deterioration is presented. The genetic pattern, symptomatology, EEG recording and good response to anticonvulsant medication are discussed. This case does not conform to any known form of familial myoclonus epilepsy and is most probably an atypical form of paramyoclonus multiplex. PMID- 6801784 TI - [Lyophilization of phenolized typhoid vaccine]. PMID- 6801786 TI - Acinetobacter meningitis - a diagnostic pitfall. A report of 3 cases. AB - Three fatal cases of meningitis caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus are reported, 1 in a premature infant who was being artificially ventilated and 2 in adults who had had neurosurgical operations. The microscopic resemblance of this organism to Neisseria meningitidis is high-lighted and the problems of antimicrobial therapy are discussed. PMID- 6801788 TI - Serodiagnostic value of culture filtrate antigens from aspergilli with septate phialides. AB - Culture filtrate antigens from 6 typical isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus, 6 isolates with septate phialides, and isolates of A. fumigatus var. ellipticus, A. fishceri, A. flavus and A. niger were studied in tests with 2,100 samples of serum originating from 1,452 patients suffering from miscellaneous diseases, including 60 cases of aspergillosis, 850 samples of serum from apparently healthy blood donors and 522 sera referred to us as positive for C-reactive protein. The culture filtrate antigen prepared from a septate-phialide-strain proved to be most useful in detecting precipitating antibodies in the sera of patients suffering from aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus. The antigen from this strain not only gave sharper and a larger number of precipitin bands than others but also proved to be an invaluable tool in the serodiagnosis of 5 to 56 (8.9%) A. fumigatus cases in which all other antigens repeatedly failed to give a positive result. The serological data also suggest that the septate-phialide strains are mutants of A. fumigatus and should not be classified as a separate species. PMID- 6801787 TI - Control of Cryptococcus neoformans in nature by biotic factors. AB - Two bacterial species (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis) isolated from pigeon droppings, displayed anti Cryptococcus neoformans activity on 4 of 6 media and sterilized pigeon droppings. Acanthamoeba palestinensis trophozoites isolated from pigeon droppings ingested and killed 99.9% of C neoformans cells after 7 days of incubation. Mites and sow bugs (Metoponorthus pruinosus) isolated from pigeon droppings appear to be fungivorous. These findings suggest that many organisms that occur in pigeon droppings influence C. neoformans persistence, reproduction, morphology and distribution in nature. PMID- 6801789 TI - Nutrition in trauma and burns. PMID- 6801790 TI - Enhanced mobilization of iron from body stores in malnourished patients during intravenous nutritional support. AB - Abnormal iron metabolism, characterized by low serum iron concentration and diminished saturation of iron-binding capacity, is known to occur in patients with malignant or inflammatory diseases. In this study, serum iron concentration and iron-binding capacity were measured in 21 patients with malignant disease, trauma or inflammatory illness before and during intravenous nutritional support without iron supplementation. Prior to nutritional support, the serum iron value averaged 26.0 +/- 3.5 micrograms per deciliter and the iron-binding capacity, 160.0 +/- 14.0 micrograms per deciliter. After ten to 21 days of parenteral nutrition, the serum iron-binding value serum iron concentration rose to an average of 68 +/- 9 micrograms per deciliter and the iron-binding capacity to 200 +/- 15 micrograms per deciliter, and increased reticulocytosis was observed. The rise in serum iron value reflected a shift of iron from body stores to plasma, since the saturation of iron-binding capacity increased from 18.0 +/- 3.5 to 36.0 +/- 4.0 per cent. Fever, granulocytosis, malignant disease, pulmonary infiltrates or open wounds persisted in all patients throughout the observation, ruling out resolution of a chronic process as the cause for rising serum iron levels. Changes in serum ceruloplasmin and ascorbate values also could not account for the rise. We propose the provision of adequate nutritional substrates to establish an anabolic state during total parenteral nutrition is associated with improved mobilization of iron from body stores. PMID- 6801791 TI - Performance of filtered sump wound drainage tubes. PMID- 6801792 TI - Techniques of central venous access for long term parenteral nutrition in infants. PMID- 6801793 TI - Absorbable ligating clips. AB - Surgical clips have gained wide spread acceptance because of speed and utility in operative fields with difficult exposure. Certain disadvantages make metallic clips less than optimal for many operative situations. Such problems include difficulty in loading metallic clips into the applier, clips falling from the applier in the transfer from nurse to surgeon or while the surgeon is positioning the clip for application and clips coming off a vessel to which it was applied. The interference which metallic clips produce in computerized tomography and their permanency must be added as factors to be evaluated in comparison with absorbable clips. PMID- 6801794 TI - Physiopathology and management of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic dehydration. AB - Results of a review of the clinical course of five patients in whom hyperosmotic hyperglycemic nonketotic dehydration developed suggests that a treatment regimen of a high dosage of insulin and free water administration may not be effective. Analysis of the physiopathology of the syndrome points to sodium and water deficits as the principal cause of symptoms. A rapid lowering of the blood glucose level may be detrimental, since this leads to an osmotic gradient between the central nervous system and the intravascular space. Treatment should be directed at the rapid replacement of sodium and water with minimal administration of insulin. This treatment plan allows restoration of membrane potentials by an adequate supply of sodium and maintains osmotic equilibrium by providing diffusable sodium to compensate for the osmotic gradient associated with a gradual lowering of the blood glucose level. PMID- 6801795 TI - Ocular manifestations of multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and benign monoclonal gammopathy. AB - Multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and benign monoclonal gammopathy are examples of diseases in which there is an uncontrolled proliferation of cells involved in antibody synthesis. Myeloma and macroglobulinemia are considered malignant diseases, whereas monoclonal gammopathy is benign or possibly a pre-myelomatous condition. Following a brief review of the immunoglobulins the various clinical manifestations of these disorders are described. The ophthalmic signs of these disorders can be seen in every ocular structure. PMID- 6801796 TI - Pheochromocytoma: current status and changing trends. AB - From 1971 through 1980, 106 patients underwent operations for pheochromocytoma. Twelve patients had a pheochromocytoma as a manifestation of the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome. Twenty patients were found to have extra adrenal paragangliomas. Fifteen patients (14%) had malignant tumors; eight of these tumors were encountered in the group with extra-adrenal lesions. The cumulative survival probability at 5 years was 53%. Determination of urinary metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid were the most sensitive diagnostic aids, with accuracy rates of 95% and 89%, respectively. In recent years, the measurement of fractionated urinary and plasma catecholamine levels has greatly increased the diagnostic accuracy. Preoperative localization of pheochromocytoma has improved during the last decade. Nephrotomography, selective angiography, and venous sampling have essentially been abandoned in favor of computed tomography. With an accuracy of more than 90%, computed tomography represents the major step forward in the overall management of pheochromocytoma during the past decade. PMID- 6801797 TI - Pathogenesis and predictability of central venous catheter sepsis. AB - The purposes of this study were to analyze the causes and routes of infection of indwelling central venous catheters and to improve the diagnosis of catheter sepsis before the removal of the cannula. One hundred forty catheter tips were prospectively studies; also, cultures of 52 proximal segments of catheters, 44 swabs of the subcutaneous segment, 195 skin entry sites, 181 infusional fluids, 208 blood samples, and 106 infected distant sites were examined. The catheter sepsis rate was 7.6%, but this sepsis was primary in only 3.4%, because in 4.2% prior isolation of organisms from the wound, urine, throat, or sputum was possible, indicating that the catheter was not primarily responsible for the infection. Primary infection always disappears with removal of the cannula (with or without antibiotics), whereas the course of the secondary infection is related to the gravity of the infected foci and the involved microorganisms. Contamination of the infusional fluid, the skin entry site, and some distant foci carry a real risk of seeding the catheter (from 5.8% to 19.5%). The cultures of the skin entry sites, infusional fluids, distant foci, and the subcutaneous segment of the catheter did not prove useful in predicting the infection. Only the blood cultures were a reliable diagnostic tool: a positive blood culture meant colonization of the catheter tip in 44% of cases and sepsis in 36%. Although the potential colonization varied greatly for different microorganisms, the growth of microorganisms in the blood was a strong indication for removing the cannula. PMID- 6801798 TI - Portal hypertension, hepatic infarction, and liver failure complicating pancreatic islet autotransplantation. AB - A patient with chronic pancreatitis who underwent subtotal pancreatectomy and pancreatic islet tissue autotransplantation by portal vein embolization developed marked portal hypertension requiring surgical portal systemic decompression. The patient subsequently developed extensive hepatic infarction and died fo liver failure. Postmortem studies showed organizing thromboemboli containing pancreatic acinar and islet tissue in the intrahepatic portal venous radicles and widespread ischemic infarcts with periportal sparing. Factors contributing to hepatic infarction were thrombosis of portal venous radicles, portasystemic shunting, and systemic arterial hypotension. Marked portal hypertension, hepatic infarction, and liver failure are potential complications of pancreatic islet tissue autotransplantation. PMID- 6801799 TI - [More nursing care for the money]. PMID- 6801800 TI - Indicators of developmental toxicity following prenatal administration of hormonally active compounds in the rat. I. Gestational length. AB - Prenatal administration of 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, zeranol, or diethylstilbestrol was observed to delay parturition in the rat and result in a concomitant increase in perinatal mortality. Even among control animals, those litters in which birth occurred after the beginning of day 22 of pregnancy contained significantly fewer survivors one day after birth. Increases in the length of gestation were correlated with increased weight of newborn control pups independent of litter size. The relationship between weight and litter size was anomalous, however, in treated animals. Gestational length is a sensitive indicator of a developmental effect even in the absence of overt teratogenicity. PMID- 6801801 TI - Indicators of developmental toxicity following prenatal administration of hormonally active compounds in the rat. II. Pattern of maternal weight gain. AB - Chronic prenatal exposure of rats to diethylstilbestrol, zeranol, or 3,4,3',4' tetrachlorobiphenyl produced quantitative and qualitative differences in the cumulative pattern of weight gain during pregnancy. Each of the three compounds, however, exhibited unique characteristics with respect to the effect of increased dose on this response, as well as in the relationship of reduced weight gain to perinatal mortality. The weight deficit after diethylstilbestrol treatment was found to reside in the dam herself, not in any compartment of the gravid uterus. The pattern of maternal weight gain is a useful indicator of developmental toxicity permitting discrimination among structurally diverse chemical agents. PMID- 6801802 TI - Development of the biochemical and morphological changes induced by administration of a beta-xyloside to chick embryos. AB - 4-Methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside was administered to 9-day-old chick embryos, and the morphological and chemical changes in the embryo were followed daily. Increases in wet weight, Na and Cl content, and visible edema were detectable at 10 days and fully apparent at 11 days. Dry weight increased to the same extent in control and treated embryos for four days, but then diverged. The degree of sulfation of chondroitin sulfate was slightly less in treated than control embryos at 10 days, and reached a steady low value at 11 days. Analysis of glycosaminoglycans in skin, muscle, and aorta showed an increase in chondroitin and its sulfates in the two former tissues but not the latter. In muscle and aorta, the degree of sulfation of chondroitin sulfate was markedly reduced; but in skin the results suggested a more complex picture in which the normal metabolism of glycosaminoglycans was altered. A possible physiological role is suggested for chondroitin sulfate in embryonic soft tissues. PMID- 6801803 TI - Fluid and glycosaminoglycan excretion by chick embryos treated with a beta-D xyloside. AB - Wet weights and glycosaminoglycan content were determined for embryo, amnion, and allantois of control chick embryos and embryos injected with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-xyloside at nine days of age. There was an immediate increase in total uronic acid content, but not in uronic acid concentration, in the embryo. No difference could be detected either in fluid volume, nor in content or type of glycosaminoglycan, in the amnion of the two groups. The fluid content of the allantois fo control eggs increased steadily between nine and 14 days, but in treated embryos the fluid content of the allantois remained low for at least a week. Less than 2 mg of uronic acid was present in allantoic fluid of control 16 day-old embryos, while treated embryos had accumulated more than 8 mg. More than 95% of the latter uronic acid was accounted for as chondroitin sulfate linked to methylumbelliferone and with a degree of sulfation of 50-60%. Thus beta-xyloside treated embryos excrete large amounts of chondroitin sulfate and very little fluid. PMID- 6801804 TI - Cost effectiveness of interventional radiology as an alternative to surgery. PMID- 6801805 TI - Lack of thromboxane A2 synthesis in platelet aggregation induced by factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. PMID- 6801806 TI - Inhibition of platelet thromboxane synthesis by 7-(1-imidazolyl) heptanoic acid: dissociation from inhibition of aggregation. PMID- 6801807 TI - Factor VIII-related antigen pre-peak on crossed immunoelectrophoresis: a non random phenomenon. AB - The incidence of a "pre-peak" over the well on crossed immunoelectrophoresis of factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) was found to be not significantly different in groups of hemophilia carriers and non-carrier women. Only 10% of hemophiliacs more than three days post-transfusion exhibited the feature. Upon transfusion 5 out of 6 hemophiliacs showed a transient appearance of the pre peak. It was also present during pregnancy in 6 of 8 normal women, 2 hemophilia carriers and two von Willebrand's patients. The pre-peak pattern was quite reproducible both in the same sample tested on different days and in different samples from the same subject. The pre-peak material shows a line of treatment of plasma and by cryoprecipitation. PMID- 6801808 TI - Thrombin - endothelial cell interactions: critical importance of endothelial cell vessel of origin. PMID- 6801809 TI - Scintigraphic detection of platelet deposition in atherosclerotic macaques: a new technique for investigation of antithrombotic drugs. PMID- 6801810 TI - Possible cross-linking of factor VIII related antigen to fibrin by factor XIII in delayed coagulation process. PMID- 6801811 TI - The 'in vivo' survival characteristics of factor VIII procoagulant antigen (VIII:C Ag) in haemophilia A subjects. AB - Initial half disappearance times and biological half-lives were determined for factor VIII procoagulant antigen (VIII:C Ag) and compared with VIII procoagulant (VIII:C) survival for each of two commercial concentrates, transfused into seven severe (less than 1 i.u./dl) non-bleeding haemophiliacs. The results show that VIII:C Ag has similar half disappearance and biological half-life to that of factor VIII:C. The relevance of these results to recently published findings is discussed. PMID- 6801812 TI - Fibrinogen New Orleans: hereditary dysfibrinogenemia with an A alpha chain abnormality. AB - An abnormal fibrinogen (Fibrinogen New Orleans, or FNO) has been found in a 30 year-old woman, her mother and daughter, but not her father. The propositus suffered mild bleeding, but not thrombo-embolism or abnormal wound healing. Plasma and purified fibrinogen from the propositus caused a prolongation in the clotting time of normal plasma. FNO had increased anodal migration when studied by immunoelectrophoresis. We have been able to follow the release of fibrinopeptides A and B using sensitive SDS-PAGE. In FNO, release of the A peptide was markedly delayed, whereas the cleavage of B peptide was much less delayed, compared to that of A peptide. PMID- 6801813 TI - Preliminary results on the carbohydrate moiety of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWf). AB - Human FVIII/vWf, purified 9 000 fold, was prepared from therapeutic concentrates by gel filtration and by immuno-affinity chromatography on insolubilized immunoglobulins isolated from a rabbit immunized with the plasma of a patient devoid of FVIII R:Ag. These preparations which contain coagulant activity and agglutinate normal washed human platelets in the presence of ristocetin are immunologically pure. The carbohydrate moiety of this highly purified FVIII/vWf was submitted to analysis by gas liquid chromatography and thin layer chromatography before and after hydrazinolysis and alkaline-borohydride treatment. The total carbohydrate content is 14.4 p. cent (w/w). Man and GalNAc residues were identified, this result indicating the coexistence of N- and O glycosidically linked glycans (70 and 30 p. cent respectively). After hydrazinolysis it was demonstrated that the N-glycosidically linked glycans do not contain GalNAc residues. One major glycan belonging to the N acetyllactosaminic type with a bi-antennary structure has been characterized by thin layer chromatography. The alkaline-borohydride treatment procedure reduced all the FVIII/vWf GalNAc to GalNAc-ol residues, demonstrating that they are all involved in the linkage of the O-glycans with the peptide chain and consequently they cannot be in oligosaccharidic sequences inducing A-blood group activity. Furthermore, at least 10 O-glycosidically linked glycans were identified by thin layer chromatography. Thus, the high degree of heterogeneity of the FVIII/vWf carbohydrate moiety requires further structural studies in order to precise which class of glycans is involved in the biological activity of FVIII/vWf. PMID- 6801815 TI - [From the Veterinary Chief Inspection of Public Health and the Board of the Veterinary Service. Eradication plan for classical swine plague approved]. PMID- 6801814 TI - [Silver sulphadiazine cream in the treatment of chronic Pseudomonas infection of the external auditory canal in fifteen dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801816 TI - Pooled sera for cytotoxicity testing: accurate, time- and cost-effective preliminary crossmatches. AB - To conserve sera, reduce technologist time and facilitate distribution of kidneys to the most likely recipient from groups of highly sensitized patients, we studied the feasibility of using pooled sera in preliminary crossmatches. From 16 chronic renal failure patients, 275 sera were studied against fresh cell panels from 24 to 35 donors. Using the antiglobulin crossmatch technique, sera were studied individually, in consecutive pools of five and in consecutive pools of 10. Reactions of component sera were assessed on a cell-by-cell comparison with their pools of five and 10 sera. Crossmatches performed with pools of five sera and pools of 10 sera detected the same cytotoxic reactions as did their component sera in 97.6% and 97.8% of the reactions, respectively. We conclude that 10 sera can be pooled so that preliminary crossmatch testing of all positive sera of all theoretically potential allograft recipients can be accomplished with accuracy and efficiency, even in the larger regional distribution centers. PMID- 6801817 TI - Abnormal urinary excretion in sialoglycoconjugates in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. AB - Abnormal urinary excretion of sialoglycoconjugates was observed in four patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. Urinary sialoglycoconjugates were fractionated into 8 fractions by sequential gel filtration on Sephadex G-25, G-50 and by Dowex 1 ion exchange chromatography. The comparison of the amounts of these fractions indicated that the fraction rich in mannose and glucosamine contents contributed to the increased urinary excretion of sialoglycoconjugates in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis. The major component of this fraction was disialyl-oroso-N octaose which was a representative oligosaccharide side chain of glycoproteins with an Asn-GlcNAc linkage. Undoubtedly this abnormality is the secondary lesion of mucopolysaccharidosis, but it is conceivable that the disturbed metabolism of sialoglycoprotein is closely related to the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 6801818 TI - Variations of the digestive absorption kinetics of carbaryl with the nature of the vehicle. AB - Blood kinetics of 1-naphthyl-N-methyl[14C] carbamate were determined after intravenous injection in DMSO, and after intragastric and intraduodenal administration in DMSO, oil, gum tragacanth and milk. The acetylcholinesterase inhibition and the level of 14C-activity were both determined in the blood over various periods of time. The values of the absorption rate constants after intragastric and intraduodenal administration were found to be: 0.5 h(-1) and 7 h(-1) with DMSO, 0.6 h(-1) and 0.42 h(-1) with oil, 0.13 h(-1) and 0.22 h (-1) with gum tragacanth and 0.10 h(-1) with milk. Appearance of the toxic effect (the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterases) was closely related to the absorption rate constants which themselves depend on the administration vehicle employed. PMID- 6801819 TI - Cytotoxin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in mice: distribution related to pathology. PMID- 6801820 TI - Carbamylation with cyanate of basic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Naja nigricollis (Spitting cobra). PMID- 6801821 TI - The effects of high dose mannitol on cerebral blood flow in dogs with normal intracranial pressure. AB - In normal dogs, bolus administration of a very high dose of mannitol (2 gm/kg) resulted in a small, transient increase in cerebral blood flow (CBF) of approximately 8 percent lasting less than 10 minutes followed by a significant reduction in CBF of approximately 20 percent lasting at least three hours. The increase in CBF may in part be related to changes in cardiovascular and hematological parameters. No explanation is available for the reduction below control values but, since urine losses were not replace in these animals, changes in the state of hydration may have been responsible. It appears that the increase in CBF resulting from mannitol administered by bolus infusion are of neither sufficient magnitude nor duration to explain the protective effect observed in other studies where cerebral blood flow was reduced below ischemic levels. This suggests then, that either the effect of mannitol on CBF is quantitatively different when flow is reduced to critical levels or that the protective effect observed when the cerebral circulation is compromised is based upon a different mechanism than augmentation of flow. Further studies on the effect of mannitol on CBF in ischemic situations, where the cerebral circulation is compromised, are required. PMID- 6801823 TI - The hemodynamic effect of STA-MCA bypass. AB - rCBF was measured by 133Xenon inhalation at rest and during pCO2 manipulation in 19 patients prior to and at various times after STA-MCA bypass surgery. The resting flow increased gradually postoperatively, seemingly more due to progressive clinical recovery from the original neurologic disability than due to the surgical intervention. CO2 reactivity increased in some patients, more in those who preoperatively had the poorest reactivity. The negative relationship between preoperative reactivity and postoperative change in reactivity was highly significant. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that the surgery did not significantly affect the resting flow level but did augment the collateral reserve in those cases in which it had been most severely impaired by the arterial lesion. PMID- 6801822 TI - rCBF in patients with carotid occlusion. Resting and hypercapnic flow related to collateral pattern. AB - rCBF was measured by 133Xenon inhalation technique in 39 patients with unilateral carotid artery occlusion in a subacute-chronic stage. Resting flow values (ISI) varied between 23.7 and 52.4 ml/100 g/min. An almost constant finding was interhemispheric asymmetry, the degree of which was correlated with the severity of the initial symptoms. An ischemic focus was an insignificant finding. The CO2 response was normal in patients with angiographic signs of circle of Willis collateral flow and without significant contralateral carotid stenosis, whereas it was impaired in patients with a retrograde ophthalmic flow or collateral flow via the circle of Willis and contralateral carotid stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. It is concluded that the CO2 response in useful rCBF variable and may be applied for analysis of collateral flow capacity in patients with carotid artery occlusion considered for bypass surgery. PMID- 6801824 TI - Reduction of the cerebral protective effect of hypothermia by oligemic hypotension during hypoxia in the rat. AB - The effect of arterial hypotension on cerebral cortical tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine (PGr), lactate, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) was studied in male Wistar rats with unilateral carotid ligation exposed to arterial by hypoxia (PaO2 25 torr) for 20 min. while the body temperature was maintained at 32 degrees C and 27 degrees C. Brain metabolite levels were normal in normotensive hypothermic animals exposed to hypoxia, but reduction in arterial pressure to 75 torr caused a significant (p less than 0.05) decrease in ATP and PCr values and a significant increase in lactate and NADH levels. These changes were comparable to those of normothermic normotensive, hypoxic animals. Furthermore, there was no significant differences in the brain metabolite levels between the two hypotensive hypoxic groups. These results indicate that arterial hypotension severely alters the cerebral protective effect of hypothermia against injury caused by hypoxia, and that further reduction in body temperature (from 32 degrees C to 27 degrees C) will not prevent the harmful effect of hypoxia upon the brain in hypotensive rats. PMID- 6801825 TI - Nitroglycerin induced hypotension will maintain CBF in hypertensive rats. AB - Cerebrovascular effects of intravenous (iv) nitroglycerin (NTG) infusions were tested in four month old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar Kyoto controls (WKY). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes were measured during iv NTG infusion in ventilated, halothane anesthetized rats using radioactive microspheres. In control WKY rats given isotonic saline infusions instead of NTG, blood pressure and CBF did not change over 3 microsphere injections. When blood pressure was decreased to 65 and then 45 torr with iv NTG infusions, CBF was maintained or increased in both SHR and WKY. There was no difference in response between SHR and WKY. These results support other reports that NTG has direct cerebrovasodilating effects, and indicate that this action will maintain adequate CBF in hypertensive as well as normotensive subjects to pressures below 50 torr. PMID- 6801827 TI - Report of the ad hoc committee on ALT testing. PMID- 6801826 TI - Role of the crossmatch in testing for serologic incompatibility. AB - Nine unexpected antibodies of unquestioned clinical significance were detected when the major crossmatch was performed on 31,320 pretransfusion blood samples from 8969 patients whose screening test for unexpected antibodies was nonreactive. Three of the antibodies retrospectively were found to manifest a positive screening test. Another antibody was not detected by the antibody screening test due to an error in preparation of the screening red blood cells. The overriding importance of the major crossmatch is the assurance of ABO compatibility between donor blood and recipient. Therefore, while this study does not resolve whether the antiglobulin phase of the procedure might be considered optional, the major crossmatch should not be eliminated. PMID- 6801828 TI - Hyperviscosity syndrome in paraproteinemia. Managed by plasma exchange; monitored by serum tests. AB - Clinical and laboratory indices of hyperviscosity were studied in three patients presenting with this complication of paraproteinemia. Serum viscosity correctly predicted the presence of clinical hyperviscosity syndrome in patients with stable hemoglobin and albumin concentrations. Serum viscosity also correlated with total protein and paraprotein levels. A simple exponential model proved not only to describe the kinetics of blood viscosity during plasma exchange but also to predict protein concentration at symptomatic recovery. Construction of such a protein-viscosity curve helps manage by plasma exchange patients with paraproteinemia who develop hyperviscosity syndrome. PMID- 6801829 TI - Chloroquine dissociation of antigen-antibody complexes. A new technique for typing red blood cells with a positive direct antiglobulin test. AB - We have investigated a method using the quinoline derivative chloroquine diphosphate (200 mg/ml, pH 5.0) to dissociate antibody without denaturing red blood cell antigens. All samples treated with chloroquine diphosphate demonstrated some dissociation of the coating immunoglobulin, and in most cases, the ability to dissociate the coating immunoglobulin was related to the strength of the direct antiglobulin test (DAT). Complete dissociation of antibody was observed in 22 of 40 strongly in vitro sensitized samples and 47 of 56 in vivo sensitized specimens, with no apparent loss of ABH, Rh, MNSs, P1, Lewis, Kell, Duffy, or Kidd antigens. We have found the chloroquine dissociation technique to be of value in the examination of red blood cells with a positive DAT, either for the qualitative or quantitative expression of antigens. PMID- 6801830 TI - Chemically modified and unmodified anti-D (Rho) reagents in the micro Du procedure. AB - The ability of anti-D (Rho) reagents containing chemically modified and unmodified IgG molecules to detect fetal-maternal hemorrhages was compared using mixtures of Rh negative adult red blood cells and Rh positive cord red blood cells. No significant differences among reagents were observed in this small study. These results do confirm the reported lack of sensitivity of the micro Du method as a fetal red blood cell screening test. PMID- 6801831 TI - Rh immune globulin and the Rh-positive Du variant, mother. AB - Questions have been raised by statements of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists that Rh immune globulin should be given to all Rh positive, Du variant, mothers who have recently delivered Rh positive infants. This practice is not recommended. However, blood banks must assure that a positive Du test on a mother's blood sample is not caused by a massive fetal-maternal hemorrhage. Failure to recognize this cause of a positive Du test may result in the administration of an inadequate dose of Rh immune globulin. PMID- 6801832 TI - Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-VS. PMID- 6801833 TI - Which T cells cause graft rejection? PMID- 6801834 TI - Nonsteroid treatment of rejection in kidney transplantation. A new approach including long-term treatment of rejection with antilymphoblast globulin in a high risk population. PMID- 6801835 TI - The cetylpyridinium bromide decontamination of sputum and its influence on the niacin test. PMID- 6801836 TI - Typical or atypical mycobacteria? PMID- 6801837 TI - [Acute epididymitis. Microbiological findings in an out-patient clinic for venereal diseases]. PMID- 6801838 TI - [Immunoglobulin secretion in fetal swine organs in in vitro systems]. PMID- 6801839 TI - [The effect of adding Rumensin to the diet of bulls on the quality of their meat]. AB - In a pilot experiment, bullocks were given diet with a sodium monensinate supplement as the Rumensin preparation. The dose of the supplement was 125 mg per head/day and the medicated feed was given to the bullocks for 14 months. The daily weight gain of the tested bullocks increased by 3.85% and feed consumption decreased by 7.12%. The meat of the ten bullocks examined (m. longissimus dorsi) showed no statistically significant changes in the basic chemical composition as compared with the meat of ten control bullocks. In the tested group the content of hydroxyproline in meat decreased by 35.14% (from 0.12 to 0.08 g per 100 g of fresh tissue - p less than 0.05). The content of glycine decreased by 8.82% (from 3.63 to 3.31 g per 100 g of dry matter - P less than 0.01). The content of alanine decreased by 5.86% (from 5.12 to 4.82 g per 100 g of dry matter - P less than 0.05). As to essential amino acids, the content of valine in the meat of the tested bullocks increased by 4.76% (from 3.99 to 4.18 g per 100 g of dry matter - P less than 0.05). Sodium monensinate exerted a favourable influence on weight gains and nutrient conversion in the bullocks. It had no effect on the basic chemical composition and no marked influence on the content of amino acids, except hydroxyproline and, particularly, essential amino acids in the meat of the tested bullocks. A reduction in the content of hydroxyproline signalizes higher value proteins. PMID- 6801841 TI - [Anesthesia in dogs and cats with althesin]. AB - Tests of the effect of the new steroid anaesthetic alfadion in the drug Althesin are described. Experiments were carried out in three experimental groups. Intramuscular administration of Althesin to dogs at doses 5 to 15 mg. kg-1 does not induce required anaesthesia. After intravenous administration of Althesin to dogs at a dose of 2 mg. kg-1 after diazepam pre-medication at a dose of 0.25 mg.kg-1 i. m., anaesthesia started without excitations immediately after completed application. Anaesthesia lasted on the average 10 minutes and at the time of recovery excitations and side effects occurred. After intravenous administration of Althesin at a dose of 6 mg. kg-1 with diazepam pre-medication 0.25 mg. kg-1 i.m., the course of narcosis in cats was similar to that in dogs, only its duration was on the average 29 minutes. PMID- 6801840 TI - [Lipolytic microorganisms in liver products]. AB - Products from liver were studied for the content of lipolytic microorganisms during production and storage. Lipolytic microorganisms were found in all samples of the products. Their occurrence ranged from 10(4) to 10(7) organisms per g. In finished products and in products stored at a refrigerator temperature their numbers were much lower (10-10(4) per g). Some samples were free from them. The isolated colonies of lipolytic microorganisms were included in the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter. The acidity number was in correlation with the number of lipolytes in products before thermal processing and in stored products. PMID- 6801842 TI - [Maduromycotic mycetoma in a horse]. AB - A case of maduromycotic mycetoma (eumycetoma) in seven years old draught horse is described. The disease was localized in anal region and healed after surgical treatment. Attention is drawn to the necessity of distinguishing three types of mycosis in horses, characterized by the origin of tumor lesions - mycetomas, hyphomycosis and entomophthoromycosis - and information was gathered on their etiology and geographical occurrence. On the basis of the morphology of fungal elements traced in inflammated changed tissues and with regard to the existing findings on the origin of eumycetoma in animals, it was concluded that the disease described was probably caused by fungus Allescheria boydii Shear. Exact definition of the causative agent was impossible without mycological cultivation. PMID- 6801843 TI - [Utilization of proteins in rats with different fat and saccharide intakes]. AB - For 14-day periods, 30-day-old and 90-day-old male rats were fed ad libitum the diets with a constant protein content (casein) of 10 p. c. and with an increased fat content (margarine) of 10, 20. 30, 40 and 50 p.c. (first experiment) and then the diets with a constant protein content (casein) of 10 p. c. and with a constant fat content (margarine) of 30 p. c. (30-day rats) and of 11 p. c. (90 day rats) and with an increasing saccharide content of 31, 36, 41, 46 and 51 p. c. (90-day rats were further fed by 56, 61 and 66 p. c.) composed of rice starch, sugar and potato starch at a ratio of 6.4 : 1.2 :1 (second experiment). Net protein utilization (NPU) was determined on the basis of body nitrogen content and protein intake. The animal liver was examined for the gluconeogenesis by measuring the specific activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The highest NPU value can be achieved as follows: in 30-day animals by administration of the feeds containing 30 p. c. of fat, 36 p. c. of saccharides; in 90-day animals by 10 p. c. of fat and 51 p. c. of saccharides. Under the optimum nutrition conditions, both age groups utilize protein in the same way. The extreme nutrition conditions are better tolerated by the just weaned animals than by 90-day animals. The results of this biological method were also proved by the course of gluconeogenesis (activated at 40 and 50 p. c. fat content and 31 p. c. saccharide content in the diet fed to 30-day animals; in 90-day animals the activation occurred beginning 20 p. c. fat content and at 31 to 46 p. c. saccharide content). This paper contributes to the determination of optimum physiological nutrient rates by biological and biochemical methods. PMID- 6801844 TI - Comparison between parenterally administered copper complexes of their ability to alleviate hypocupraemia in sheep and cattle. AB - In a comparison of four parenteral copper preparations for sheep administered at similar dose rates, copper as diethylamine oxyquinoline sulphonate (copper DOS) was found to alleviate hypocupraemia in ewes more consistently than copper calcium EDTA and copper-methionate, given in a cream (C) or aqueous base (A). In similar comparisons of preparations for cattle, copper calcium EDTA was 19 per cent more effective than copper DOS and 36 to 48 per cent more effective than copper methionate (A). Methionate preparations were characterised by marked reactions at and slow translocation from the site of injection whereas copper DOS was rapidly translocated and gave little or no tissue reaction in sheep or cattle. Attributes of an improved parenteral copper preparation are discussed in the light of disadvantages of existing preparations. PMID- 6801845 TI - Serological survey of wild fallow deer (Dama dama) in New South Wales, Australia. PMID- 6801846 TI - Transport of breeding cattle by sea. PMID- 6801847 TI - Follicular centre cell lymphoma with alpha heavy chain disease. A histopathological and immunohistological study. AB - The first recorded case of a small intestinal lymphoma with alpha heavy chain disease occurring in Hungary is reported. The clinical manifestation of the disease and the focal distribution of mucosal alterations do not fulfill the criteria to make a diagnosis of Mediterranean type lymphoma (MTL) but the lymphomatous segments of the jejunum show the same pathological and immunohistological characteristics as seen in MTL. One of the basic features of MTL, the so called lympho-histiocytic nodules, which have been suspected by previous authors to represent an incipient neoplastic process involving histiocytic cells, is identified as follicular centroblastic/centrocytic malignant lymphoma. The cytogenetical connection between the massive proliferation of abnormal alpha chain producing plasma cells and neoplastic germinal centres is substantiated by direct immunohistological evidence using a combined immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase technique to detect heavy and light chains within the same cell. The sarcomatous-appearing pleomorphic cell proliferation is interpreted as an anaplastic change in the centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma. Unequivocal evidence for an abnormal IgA production in this pleomorphic component has not been obtained. Our observations suggest that in alpha heavy chain disease the neoplastic cell population originates in the germinal centres. PMID- 6801848 TI - Structure of protein-containing replicative intermediates of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 DNA. PMID- 6801849 TI - Cap-recognizing protein of influenza virus. PMID- 6801850 TI - A nucleoprotein complex in bacteria infected with PF1 filamentous virus: identification and electron microscopic analysis. PMID- 6801851 TI - A nucleoprotein complex in bacteria infected with Pf1 filamentous virus: isolation and biochemical characterization. PMID- 6801852 TI - [A new method to stabilize erythrocytes for hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801853 TI - [Polyclonal immunoglobulins in serum in obligatory and facultative monoclonal gammopathies]. PMID- 6801854 TI - [Experience with Nutrimin pulvis Spofa]. PMID- 6801855 TI - [Effect of hypokinesia on bone tumor induction]. AB - The effects of different periods of hypokinesia on the development of 7.12 dimethyl-benzoanthracene-induced osteosarcoma of shinbone were studied in 148 rabbits. The time of induction was found to decrease considerably - from 197.6 to 113.9 days. This may be attributed to hypokinesia's constituting a stress, which involves release of adrenocortical hormones, atrophy of the thymus and reduced cellular immunological vigor. PMID- 6801856 TI - [Dynamics of carcinogen-protein antigenic complexes in the carcinogenesis process]. PMID- 6801857 TI - IgG subclasses in rhesus-D immunization. Effects of weekly small volume plasmapheresis. AB - The IgG subclass composition was determined of the anti-D antibodies present in the serum of 22 women who had a history of severe rhesus-D immunization and who weekly underwent small volume plasmapheresis during their current pregnancy. There was no correlation between the subclass patterns of IgG anti-D antibodies and the degree of illness of the child; the good clinical results obtained with the small volume plasmapheresis could not be explained by a consistent change in the anti-D IgG subclass composition. PMID- 6801858 TI - Differential coating of human red blood cells with C4 or C3 in a low ionic strength medium. AB - An EDTA-containing, low ionic strength medium, pH 5.1, can be used for incubation of blood to obtain coating of red blood cells with C4 or C3. The coating achieved depends on incubation temperature (4 or 37 degrees C) and on whether or not CaCl2 or MgCl2 is added to the medium. The optimal concentration of EDTA appears to be 2 mM under the present conditions. This is equimolar to the final concentration of the added CaCl/MgCl2. The choice between CaCl and MgCl2 depends on whether blood without anticoagulant or ACD blood is employed. Coated cells keep satisfactorily for 5 weeks at 4 degrees C in Alsever's solution as well as after freezing and thawing. C3-coated cells can be converted to C3d-coated ones by incubation in normal, compatible, EDTA-containing serum at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6801859 TI - [Value of IgM and IgG class anti-HBs in the differential diagnosis of viral hepatitis B and "non-A, non-B"]. PMID- 6801860 TI - [Case of light-chain plasmacytic leukemia]. AB - A female patient aged 60, is described, with plasmacellular leukemia, with disturbance in the light chains of immunoglobulins--light chain plasmacellular leukemia. The clinical picture combines the signs of blast leucosis with those of the light chain disease. The disease had an acute course, failing to respond to the treatment, with a lethal end, about 40 days after the manifestation of the clinical symptoms, better resembling blast leucosis than myeloma. PMID- 6801861 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects, immunology and morphology of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. AB - Examinations were carried out in a population group of 106 potentially contaminated females and in five donors, affected one year earlier within the frames of a restricted epidemic, caused by NANB-hepatitis virus. It was possible to differentiate a specific antibody-antigen system, identical to that of sirahi et al. The antigen was confirmed in 20 per cent of the females, 21 per cent of the contaminated did not get ill. The high SGPT level came in the foreground in the rest; 38 per cent had the signs of cholestasis. After one year, high transaminases were found in 43 per cent of the diseased, and biopsically--a chronic persistent hepatitis was found or a hepatitis with low activity. The chronification tendency correlates with the favourable clinical findings during the initial acute phase. The patients with prodromal phenomena, high transaminases and cholestasis showed a tendency to noncomplicated course and completely healing. The extraparenteral infection was confirmed, being conditioned by the close contact between mother and child or during breast feeding on one hand, on the base of the clinical manifestations, and biopsically- on the other. PMID- 6801862 TI - Which way to the BSN? PMID- 6801864 TI - Washington State Nurse Association. Position paper: the needs of the professional nursing home nurse in the care of the elderly. PMID- 6801863 TI - "Leave me alone, I have to stay in bed". PMID- 6801865 TI - Home study C.E. Nursing amidst the Aquarian Conspiracy. PMID- 6801867 TI - A guide through the maze of long-term care. AB - Complicated requirements regarding eligibility and coverage as well as variations in the availability of programs confuse even the most diligent physicians trying to advise elderly patients about health care services. Nevertheless, awareness of such government and community resources is critical because physicians play an essential role in assisting the elderly to receive maximum health care benefits, particularly during long-term illness. PMID- 6801868 TI - [Use of synthetic nutrients in postoperative enteral hyperalimentation and in the treatment of digestive tract fistulas]. PMID- 6801866 TI - Hematologic disorders in the elderly. AB - Management of hematologic disorders in older patients must often be weighed in a setting of decreased physiological reserves and concurrent illnesses. Anemia in the elderly should never be attributed to old age. Even a mild anemia in collusion with multiple physical and mental problems may tip the balance for those previously able to cope with their disabilities. Iron deficiency anemia and the anemia of chronic disease are the most common types of anemia in the elderly. Nutritional anemias due to folate or vitamin B(12) deficiency are treatable and should not be overlooked. Newer chemotherapy regimens for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia have been effective in many older patients. Decisions to treat are sometimes difficult, often depending on the aggregate of coexistent physical and mental disorders. The most prevalent type of leukemia in the elderly is chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A benign asymptomatic course requires no therapy, but aggressive disease requires treatment. Multiple myeloma should be suspected in an elderly person who has both unexplained anemia and bone pain. After definitive diagnosis, phlebotomy therapy should be considered for both polycythemia vera and secondary erythrocytosis to reduce blood viscosity and increase cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6801869 TI - [Survival of bacteria phagocytized by Trichomonas vaginalis]. PMID- 6801870 TI - Tuberculosis control. PMID- 6801871 TI - The biotransformation of [14C]minaprine in man and five animals species. AB - 1. [14C]Minaprine was administered as a single oral dose to five animal species and to a healthy and informed volunteer. Excretion of radioactivity was followed during 48 h in urine and faces; biliary excretion was followed only in rat. 2. Urinary metabolites were isolated and identified by mass spectrometry. 3. A quantitative comparison of metabolites in different species was made. On the basis of these data it it concluded that the dog is not a suitable model for man for pharmacological or toxicological studies. 4. The major metabolic route is 4 hydroxylation of the aromatic ring. The only unexpected metabolic route found was the biotransformation of the morpholino ring, probably by reductive ring cleavage. 5. About 50% of the 14C was excreted in 0-48 h urine. The other 50% was excreted in the 0-48 h faces. In the rat, this was attribute entirely to biliary excretion. The drug is well absorbed after oral administration and is not accumulated in the body. PMID- 6801872 TI - [Leukaemomycin-blocked mutants of Streptomyces griseus and their pigments]. AB - In a continued search for leukaemomycin-blocked mutants of three leukaemomycin producing strains IMET JA 3933, IMET JA 5142 and IMET JA 5570 of Streptomyces griseus, 32 mutants producing aerial mycelium and spores were detected. Furthermore, in all mutants cosynthetic capability has been observed. This report describes characterization of leukaemomycin-blocked mutants obtained by mutagenic treatment experiments using NTG and combined UV-/X-rays. According to the biosynthetic capability for anthracyclinones or other pigments the mutants could be divided into six classes. The first class contains 14 leukaemomycin-blocked mutants unable to synthesize anthracyclinones. Besides two classes of mutants (12)synthesizing well-known anthracyclinones as epsilon-rhodomycinone, 7-deoxy epsilon-rhodomycinone, 11-deoxy-derivatives of daunomycinone, three new classes of mutants (6) synthesizing reddish-brown, brown and blue-violet pigments on solid media with structures not elucidated as yet, will be described. PMID- 6801873 TI - [Myxobacteria (Myxobacteriales) on leaf surfaces]. AB - 140 leaf samples were examined, 73 of which (= 52.1%) contained myxobacteria. Three species of the genus Myxococcus, M. virescens, M. fulvus and M. coralloides, could be found more or less frequently in the phyllosphere of woody plants and annuals. Archangium gephyra was observed only once. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of myxobacteria between evergreen leaves and leaves from deciduous trees and shrubs. Fruit-trees yielded the best results. PMID- 6801874 TI - Biochemical characteristics of non-streptomycin-producing mutants of Streptomyces griseus. I. Role of NAD (P)-glycohydrolase in cell differentiation. AB - Five non-streptomycin-producing mutants of an industrial strain of Streptomyces griseus lacking aerial mycelium formation were compared with their genetic ancestor and another producing mutant with regard to the NAD(P)-glycohydrolase activity during cultivation on different media. By contrast to producing strains, all the Str- Amy- mutants displayed much lower mycelial and extracellular levels of enzyme, thus confirming earlier contentions concerning its involvement in control by phospho-adenosinediphospho-ribose of the intermediary metabolism at the sites of the citric acid cycle and the catabolism of the carbohydrates during distinct stages of cell differentiation. On the other hand, in the producing strain the biosynthesis of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase was demonstrated to depend on the regime of fermentation. Repeated stages of submerged cultivation in stirred fermentors resulted in suppression of enzyme formation without concomitant change of the mycelial capacity to produce streptomycin. This suggests that there is no direct involvement of NAD(P)-glycohydrolase in the control of antibiotic biosynthesis. PMID- 6801875 TI - Heterotrophic growth and nitrogen fixation in the filamentous blue-green alga Anabaena sp. AB - Experiments were conducted to study the effect of five different organic substrates viz. lactose, fructose, mannose, xylose and sodium acetate on the heterotrophic growth characteristics with emphasis on growth, pigment composition, heterocyst frequency and nitrogen fixation of Anabaena sp. under light and dark conditions. Lactose was found to be the best carbon source to support the heterotrophic growth of the alga. Phycoerythrin pigments were synthesized in photoheterotrophic cultures but pigment production was not observed in dark-grown cultures. The alga fixed nitrogen to a limited extent in the dark in pure inorganic medium. But when suitable organic substrates were supplemented, appreciable nitrogen fixation was observed in dark heterotrophic as well as in photoheterotrophic cultures. PMID- 6801876 TI - [Islet cell culture as a method of short-term preservation before islet transplantation]. AB - Pancreatic islets were isolated by collagenase digestion of the pancreas from inbred Wistar rats and cultured at 20 mmol/l glucose and 5.3 mmol/l Mg++ for 4 days. About 1,000 cultured islets injected into the portal vein normalized the plasma glucose of severe diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg body weight). Spontaneous recovery of streptozotocin-treated rats was not observed in diabetic controls. Although the insulin response of transplanted rats after i.v. glucose injection (5 mmol per kg body weight) was significantly below control animals, the amount of insulin released was obviously sufficient to sustain a persisting normoglycemia of fed animals up to 1 year. The sufficient preservation of insulin content (I) and the rapid depletion of amylase content (A) of collagenase-treated pancreas fragments cultured for 48 h resulted in a significant rise in the I/A ratio. Because islet isolation is associated with islet loss, especially in the human pancreas, the short term culture enhances hopefully the possibilities for successful transplantation. PMID- 6801877 TI - [Changes of regional blood volume after the application of nitroglycerin measured by functional whole-body scanning (author's transl)]. AB - After in-vivo labeling of red blood cells with 99mTc, the radioactivity of different parts of the body is proportional to the regional blood volume. The pharmacologically caused changes of the local blood volume can be examined simultaneously in different regions of interest by functional whole-body scanning. By this technique the effect of nitroglycerin on the distribution of blood volume was investigated in 10 patients with coronary artery disease. After nitroglycerin administration we found a statistically significant diminution of blood volume over the heart, the great intrathoracal vessels, and the liver. Furthermore, there was a distinct increase of local blood volume in th legs and the arms. PMID- 6801879 TI - [Team care in Orebro: evaluation shows personnel happy and nursing care has improved]. PMID- 6801880 TI - [Team care in Orebro. Fellingsbro was the first: none of us want to return to the old system]. PMID- 6801881 TI - [Recklinghausen's disease affecting mouth mucosa]. PMID- 6801878 TI - [Structuro-functional organization of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus]. PMID- 6801882 TI - [Cost efficiency of X-ray equipment in industrial medical services]. PMID- 6801883 TI - [Various mechanisms regulating intracranial pressure in organic lesions of the brain]. AB - Changes in epidural intracranial pressure in 52 patients with organic lesions of the brain (tumors, severe craniocerebral injury) was studied for 1-10 days of the acute postoperative period. The tone of the cerebral vessels was studied from the values of pulse and respiratory fluctuations of intracranial pressure during spontaneous and induced hyperventilation, in inhalation of moistened oxygen, when the patient awakens and falls asleep. Duction of intracranial pressure at the peak of the hypocapnic effect and during oxygen inhalation as well as reduction of intracranial pressure at the moment of awakening ("the awakening effect") were recorded. Increased tone of the cerebral vessels was revealed during awakening, evidence of which was a decrease in the amplitude of pulse fluctuations of epidural intracranial pressure. The period of falling asleep was marked by a decrease in the tone of the cerebral vessels which was manifested on the intracranial pressure tracings by increased pulse fluctuations and led to increase of intracranial pressure. It was established that changes in the tone of the cerebral vessels and in their activity determining the different blood content of the brain are among the mechanisms of intracranial pressure regulation. PMID- 6801884 TI - [Stereotaxic surgery of focal epilepsy in extensive brain lesions]. PMID- 6801885 TI - [Significance of the seizure syndrome in acute craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The author discusses the clinical, operative-tactical, and prognostic significant of the spasmodic epileptic syndrome caused by acute severe craniocerebral injury in 5.3% cases, He points out the criteria for the most accurate determination of the degree of reliability of the association between the seizures and the acute injury, which increases the degree of homogeneity of the contingent analyzed. In half of the cases partial seizures showed a tendency to secondary generalization. Primary generalized seizures were noted both in polar mediobasal contusions of the frontal lobes and in lateral wedging of the callosal convolution under the falciform process. A spasmodic seizure often heralds the beginning of clinical decompensation and contributes to the process of intracranial dislocation. The appearance of seizures in the postoperative period is usually no evidence of recurrent hematoma, but it aggravates the prognosis of the injury. PMID- 6801886 TI - Early echocardiographic detection of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Early echocardiographic wall motion changes were detected in a patient with subepicardial infarction of the true posterior wall. Left ventricular wall excursion and velocities were found diminished one hour following the onset of symptoms and before any significant electrocardiographic changes. Sublingual nitroglycerin administration reverted the hypokinetic posterior wall to normal but only temporarily. These observations may be of added value in the early detection of the acute myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6801887 TI - Displacement of apo A-I by A-II in lipid-apoprotein complexes and human HDL. AB - The aim of this study was to define the specific affinity of human apo A-I and apo A-II for HDL lipids and to investigate the possible transfer of apoproteins from the HDL molecule. For this purpose we incubated apo A-I -- lipid complexes prepared "in vitro", as well as human HDL with increasing amounts of isolated apo A-II. After incubation the reaction products were separated by gradient ultracentrifugation and gel chromatography. The apoproteins were quantitated separately by immunonephelometry and the apo A-I content was monitored by measuring the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. These results suggest that apo A II has a higher affinity than apo A-I for the lecithin-cholesterol vesicle and that 2 mol apo A-II are able to displace 1 mol apo A-I from the apo A-I lipid complexes. Analogous results were obtained with HDL where two mol apo A-II substitute to 1 mol apo A-I to yield en apo A-II - rich HDL with identical lipid composition, hydrodynamic properties and fluidity. Such a mechanism might contribute to the regulation of the HDL2 in equilibrium with HDL3 distribution in plasma. PMID- 6801888 TI - Acid secretion in patients with Chagas' disease. AB - In order to evaluate the acid secretory pattern in patients with Chagas' Disease when compared to control subjects, the following tests were performed; a) Basal Secretion, b) Acid output after increasing doses of I.V. Pentagastrin (1, 2, 4 and 8 micrograms/Kg-h); c) I.V. Pentagastrin (P) plus a background of subthreshold doses of Urecholine (U) (40 micrograms/Kg-h); d) Calcium infusion test (4 mg of Ca++/Kg-h). The histological aspects of the antral and fundic mucosa was studied on 11 CD patients through samples obtained during gastroscopy. Basal, Pentagastrin stimulated acid secretion and Ca++ stimulated secretion were statistically lower in CD patients when compared to controls. Association of P + U resulted in a higher acid response in 4 out of 8 CD patients but, the mean result of the group was not statistically significant. These results suggest that the lower basal and stimulated acid response of CD patients is related to a decreased sensitivity of the parietal cell. This lower sensitivity is probably dependent on vagal blockage as a consequence of the intramural nerve destruction. The possibility of a smaller stomach and consequently small parietal cell population could not be ruled out in this investigation. However this possibility seems very unprobable to the authors. PMID- 6801889 TI - [Giant duodenal diverticula with heterotopic gastric mucosa. Its demonstration with technetium 99]. AB - The duodenal diverticulum, except for occasional findings, are diagnosed by their complications, these are found in 10% of the cases and they are: 1) diverticulitis 2) haemorrhage 3) mechanic disturbances 4) perforation 5) obstruction 6) malabsorption syndrome. The case that motivated our communication appeared as a massive haemorrhage, that was medically treated considering the high mortality, rate of the surgical procedures. As the duodenal diverticuli can be cause of acute or chronic digestive haemorrhage, and this is frequently due to the erosion produced, by the heterotopic gastric mucosae, we consider that its demonstration with technetium 99 can be a valuable diagnostic method, as has already been demonstrated in other pathologies that present heterotopic mucosae, and as has been demonstrated in our case. PMID- 6801890 TI - Separation and characterization of red blood cells from newborns and infants during the first trimenon of life using a dextran density gradient: mean cellular volume and mean cellular haemoglobin concentration. AB - The adaptation of cell physiological parameters of erythrocytes of the newborn to erythrocytes in later life was studied by cell separation in an isopycnic dextran density gradient. The cell characteristics during the first trimester of life were followed by repeated determinations. The mean cellular haemoglobin concentration of the lightest cells is remarkably less than that of the cells of median density. This is probably due to the ongoing synthesis of haemoglobin in reticulocytes, which are highly concentrated in the top fractions. It was shown that the young cells released from the bone marrow become progressively smaller during this period with a decrease of mean cellular volume (MCV) from 104 micrometer3 at birth to 85 micrometer3 at the end of the first trimester. It has been established that this process commences during the first week of life. No difference concerning the alterations of cell parameters, especially MCV, in premature and mature infants was found. It is therefore probable that these alterations are due to changes in the external milieu following birth. PMID- 6801891 TI - Urinary trypsin inhibitor and urokinase activities in renal diseases. AB - Using an improved method of determination, urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) activities were assayed in relation to urokinase (UK) activities in a large group of patients with various renal diseases. In normal subjects (n = 50), the mean 24 hour values of the UTI and UK activities were 4.29 +/- 1.44 U/ml and 9.80 +/- 3.81 IU/ml, respectively. Data for renal diseases such as renal stone, hydronephrosis, renal cancer, and chronic glomerulonephritis (UTI, 5.51 +/- 2.29 U/ml (p less than 0.005) and UK, 6.88 +/- 2.64 IU/ml (p less than 0.001); n = 40), and particularly uremia (UTI, 9.90 +/- 5.68 U/ml (p less than 0.001) and UK, 3.85 +/- 2.36 IU/ml (p less than 0.001); n = 30), showed that the UTI level was increased whereas the UK level was decreased. The UTI/UK ratio more clearly demonstrated the difference between these diseases. PMID- 6801892 TI - Inhibition of the plasminogen activator urokinase by alpha-tocopherol. AB - alpha-Tocopherol (vitamin E) inhibited the activity of urokinase on fibrin plates and on the amidolytic substrate S-2444 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Inhibition was not removed by dialysis. In the presence of dilutions of plasma, protein-containing fractions of gel-filtered plasma, or bovine serum albumin, the inhibition of urokinase by alpha-tocopherol was abolished. Urokinase activity was not inhibited by phytol, menadione or hydroquinone. PMID- 6801893 TI - Morphological platelet anomalies in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - A patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura was treated with 8 U of fresh frozen plasma, resulting in a rapid improvement in her condition and subsequently followed by a prolonged clinical remission. The transmission and scanning electron microscopic examinations of the platelets performed before treatment demonstrated marked anomalies of the platelet morphology, namely, an increased number of abnormally elongated pseudopods with terminal knobs, a decreased number of platelet granules and excess of glycogen and marked anisocytosis. These anomalies remained unchanged when reexamined 2 months after the achievement of the clinical remission. The question whether these platelet abnormalities are an integral part of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and play a role in its pathogenesis, is raised. PMID- 6801894 TI - Platelet adhesiveness to glass beads in liver disease. AB - Patients with liver disease have abnormal platelet function. We have investigated the retention of platelets to glass beads in fulminant hepatic failure, cirrhosis and normal controls. Glass bead retention was significantly increased in fulminant hepatic failure (91.5 +/- 4.8%, n = 10) compared with controls (80.2 +/ 8.5%, n = 10) whereas it was significantly reduced in cirrhosis (46.2 +/- 26.8%, n = 10). The increased platelet adhesiveness might predispose to the formation of platelet aggregates in the blood observed during charcoal haemoperfusion in patients with fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6801895 TI - Circulating anticoagulant against factor XII in smoldering leukemia. AB - A circulating anticoagulant against factor XII was detected in a patient with smoldering leukemia. Despite severe associated thrombocytopenia the patient suffered two thromboembolic episodes, besides mucosal bleeding. The circulating anticoagulant was demonstrated not only in the plasma but also in the serum. Its activity was not affected by heating at 56 degrees C for 30 min and it was not adsorbed by SO4Ba or A1(OH)3. The circulating anticoagulant was not dializable and demonstrated to be an IgG. This is apparently the first reported association of smoldering leukemia and a circulating anticoagulant against factor XII. PMID- 6801896 TI - Aplastic anemia after prolonged ingestion of indomethacin. AB - Two rare cases of aplastic anemia after prolonged ingestion of indomethacin are described. One patient recovered spontaneously within several weeks following discontinuation of the drug while the second one died. The aplastic anemia may be related to the inhibitory effect of indomethacin on prostaglandins and cyclic nucleotides which have a regulatory role in erythropoiesis and myelopoiesis. PMID- 6801897 TI - Myelofibrosis associated with IgG myeloma. PMID- 6801898 TI - Neoplasm associated with hairy-cell leukemia. A case report. PMID- 6801899 TI - Piratism of scientific work. PMID- 6801900 TI - Localization and characteristics of ferritin in human bone marrow. AB - It has been found possible to test ferritin concentrations in the reticulum and hemopoietic cells from human bone marrow by an immunoradiometric assay. Ferritin concentration in healthy test persons amounts to 0.92 +/- 0.38 ng/microgram protein in the reticulum and 0.084 +/- 0.031 ng/microgram protein in hemopoietic cells. In healthy test persons about 90% of the ferritin is localized in the reticulum and about 10% in the hemopoietic cells. The ferritin concentration in the reticulum is decreased in patients having iron deficiency anemia. In these patients only 50-70% of the bone marrow ferritin is localized in the reticulum. Bone marrow ferritin was characterized by a combination of anion-exchange chromatography using Sephadex A-50 and an immunoradiometric assay. Marrow ferritin from healthy persons is eluted at chloride concentrations between 200 and 300 mM. The anion-exchange chromatographic properties of ferritin in the reticulum and hemopoietic cells are identical. PMID- 6801901 TI - IgD-plasma cell leukemia associated with pyroglobulinemia and pyroglobulinuria. New types of pyroglobulin and cytoplasmic fibrils. AB - New pyroglobulin variants were found in a patient with a typical plasma cell leukemia. One was found in the urine and proved to be a variant of Bence-Jones' protein with a molecular weight of approximately 68,000. The other was found in the serum and appears to be the myeloma protein of IgD. Furthermore, an ultrastructural study disclosed myeloma cells in both peripheral blood and bone marrow to have cytoplasmic fibrils which might be unique for plasma cell leukemia. PMID- 6801902 TI - Inferior venacavography for the staging of lymphomas. AB - Inferior venacavography was used for revealing enlarged retro- or paracaval lymph nodes, some of which are not visualized by lymphography as they lay above L 2. As criteria for involvement of lymph nodes the dislocation or narrowing of the vena cava and the reflux of contrast medium in the lumbar veins were studied. Venacavography was carried out in 48 consecutive patients with lymphomas: 23 Hodgkin's disease and 25 non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Signs of enlargement of paracaval lymph nodes were seen in 52% of patients with Hodgkin's disease and in 80% of the cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A fairly good agreement was found to between lymphograms and cavograms. Cavography proved to be an easy, inexpensive and minimally invasive technique that can be repeated several times without inconveniencing the patients too much, thus enabling restaging of patients after therapy; moreover, it produced fairly good urograms as the contrast medium is promptly eliminated through the kidney, thus eliminating the need for intravenous pyelography. PMID- 6801903 TI - Systemic candidiasis complicating bone marrow transplantation in aplastic anemia. Case report. AB - A 17-year-old male patient with aplastic anemia underwent bone marrow transplantation and succumbed 4 days after marrow infusion from sudden myocardial failure. Fever of unknown origin (FUO) had accompanied the patients course from admission until death. The cause of death was fungus myocarditis, which had escaped detection in vivo, in spite of a daily culture program for bacteria and fungi, and a close monitoring of the patients circulation and ventricular performance. Commonly applied diagnostic criteria for systemic mycosis, such as topical colonization, malfunction of invaded organs and positive fungus cultures failed to provide a timely diagnosis. With regard to the problems in diagnosing systemic mycosis, the potential stem cell toxicity of antifungal drugs and the need for immunosuppressive therapy prior to marrow infusion, we strongly recommend not to start the transplantation procedure unless FUO has been treated successfully. PMID- 6801904 TI - Effect of lithium on the TRH-test. PMID- 6801905 TI - Comparison of the dosage schedules during the administration of retarded lithium carbonate. PMID- 6801906 TI - Mania as a phenomenon of lithium withdrawal. PMID- 6801907 TI - Time course of the anticonvulsant effect of valproic acid in young rats. PMID- 6801908 TI - Effects of calcium valproate and aminooxyacetic acid on agonistic behaviour in mice. PMID- 6801909 TI - Rose bengal as a tool in studying the ligand binding of phosphorylase b. AB - The interaction of rose bengal (RB) with rabbit skeletal muscle phosphorylase b (1,4-alpha-D glucan: orthophosphate alpha-glucosyl-transferase, E.C. 2.4.1.1.) was studied by kinetic and absorption photometric methods. RB inhibited the phosphorylase b activity. Inhibition was strictly competitive with respect to substrate G-1-P and activator AMP with inhibition constants 2 x 10(-6) M and 2.2. x 10(-7) M, respectively. The association of the dye with the enzyme elicited a red shift in the spectrum of RB indicating an apolar binding site. According to difference absorption measurements, the enzyme binds two dye molecules per dimer in the presence and absence of both G-1-P and AMP. Binding constants determined from photometric titrations are consistent with those obtained from kinetic measurements. The present findings allow to carry out detailed kinetic investigations on the activator AMP and substrate G-1-P binding of phosphorylase b. PMID- 6801910 TI - The mechanism of limited tryptic proteolysis of heavy meromyosin as revealed by peptide analysis. AB - To elucidate some ambiguous details in the tryptic fragmentation scheme of HMM as given by Balint et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 250 (1975) 6168; Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190 (1978)793), the peptide fragments were isolated by a milligram scale preparative gel electrophoresis procedure. The dansyl-peptide map of the 20 kDal tryptic fragment obtained from tryptic heavy meromyosin (HMM) and that of a similar fragment from papainic subfragment-1 (S-1) were found to be nearly identical. This finding gives unequivocal proof of the location of the 17 kDal peptide stretch lost during digestion in the form of small peptides, at the C terminal part of the heavy chain backbone of HMM. The N terminals of the 150, 74, and 25 kDal fragments of the heavy chain isolated from HMM digested by trypsin under widely differing conditions were shown to be acetylated. The N terminal amino group of the other peptide fragments of HMM remains the same under widely differing conditions of digestion. We conclude that all the fragments are well defined polypeptides and digestion progresses by splitting from the C terminals formed by the primary splits. PMID- 6801911 TI - Clinical stages of progressive myoclonus epilepsy in adult patients. AB - Nineteen hospitalized adult patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy were studied. According to their clinical status they were divided into three groups of severity. The ages and duration of the disease did not differ significantly between the groups. The groups showed significant differences in ability of daily living, amount of spontaneous myoclonus, IQ and psychomotor reaction time. In EEG the groups differed in respect to the dominant occipital rhythm and amount of myoclonic spikes but not in respect to universal paroxysms. Myoclonic spikes and paroxysms in EEG were only loosely related. The results yield a conclusion that the deterioration caused by the disease is individual and the progression may even cease. In this respect progressive myoclonus epilepsy differs clearly from many hereditary neurometabolic and storage diseases. PMID- 6801912 TI - Progressive myoclonus epilepsy is not accompanied by humoral immune response within the central nervous system. AB - CSF and serum from five patients with progressive myoclonus epilepsy taken on two occasions with about one month's interval were examined for intrathecal humoral immune response. The CSF IgG and IgA index values were normal, and no oligoclonal bands were detectable by agarose electrophoresis or polyacrylamide isoelectric focusing (IEF). Immunofixation of IEF separated IgG with four different viruses as possible antigens, and autoradiography did not reveal any intrathecal antibody production. In contradiction to previous reports, no evidence was obtained for a local humoral immune response in progressive myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6801913 TI - Increase in noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme activity in medulla oblongata in Parkinson's disease. AB - Dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH), The noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, and phenyl-ethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), the adrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, were assayed in 18 areas of brain stem in eight cases of parkinsonian syndromes and of four age- and postmortem delay-matched controls. Dissection was performed by the "punch" technique and enzyme activities assayed by radiometric methods. No significant change was found for PNMT activity. DBH activity was significantly increased in the A2-C2 area of the medulla oblongata (including the nucleus tractus solitarius) in the cases of Parkinson's disease. The A2-C2 area is known to be implicated in the control of blood pressure in rats. These findings are discussed in relation to orthostatic hypotension and the influence of L-dopa therapy. PMID- 6801914 TI - The influence of early protein-calorie malnutrition and postnatal rehabilitation on levels of a brain-specific protein (S 100) in discrete rat brain areas. PMID- 6801915 TI - Influence of 2 mg estradiol-17 beta on circulating FSH, LH, total and unconjugated estradiol levels in post-menopausal women. AB - The 24-hour variation in total and unconjugated serum estradiol-17 beta as well as the daily variation in one-hour serum concentration values of FSH and LH have been examined in 9 post-menopausal women given 2 mg tablets of estradiol-17 beta daily for 14 days. The tablets were manufactured according to a new dispersion method aiming at producing essentially smaller crystals, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of the estradiol-17 beta. In comparison with other preparations, this one provides a more rapid absorption, reaching peak effect after only 1 or 2 hours and presenting a higher peak than has been found with any of the others. The elimination from serum combines a rapid initial phase followed by a very slow one. Thus serum levels of estradiol-17 beta 24 hours after administration are significantly higher than the levels measured before administration of the first tablet. A rather small but significant reduction in serum LH and FSH was observed on the third and subsequent treatment days. PMID- 6801916 TI - Electrophoretic separation and identification of perilymph proteins in cases of acoustic neuroma. AB - Previous studies of perilymph proteins have emphasised the difficulty of obtaining samples free of blood or serum proteins. The present investigation has established a method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which enables contaminated specimens to be readily identified and therefore discarded. Analysis of uncontaminated samples has confirmed the presence of an elevated perilymph protein in cases of acoustic neurinomata. Perilymph proteins have been separated and identified and although no characteristic pattern of proteins associated with acoustic neurinomata has emerged, further work should be undertaken to establish the site of origin of perilymph proteins and the pattern of abnormalities to be expected in pathological processes. PMID- 6801917 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid and acoustic neurinoma specific proteins in perilymph. AB - White rabbits were immunized with pooled and concentrated cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) and with tumour homogenate concentrate from specimens taken from five patients with acoustic neurinoma. The absorbed anti-CSF-antitumour antiserum was tested with the micro-immunodiffusion test against normal human serum (NHS), CSF, perilymph and CSF from tumour patients and tumour homogenate. NHS showed no precipitates in any of the tests. One protein band was observed in all the other four reactants. Tumour tissue and perilymph had two proteins in common. Diffusion from the CSF space into the perilymph can thus occur via both the cochlear aqueduct and the internal acoustic meatus. PMID- 6801918 TI - Bacillus cereus meningo-encephalitis in a pre-term baby. PMID- 6801919 TI - Hydrocephalus in Hunter Syndrome. PMID- 6801920 TI - Enhancement of bacterial uptake and killing in lymphokine-activated human monocytes. AB - Studies were undertaken to establish whether lymphokines affect bacteria in a direct and/or an indirect fashion via monocytes. Lymphokine-rich supernatants were generated by stimulating mononuclear cells with killed Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Various strains of bacteria were incubated in these culture supernatants and plated. Also, monocytes were incubated in the supernatants, after which their capacity to phagocytose and kill Staphylococcus albus was measured. It was found that the culture supernatants did not contain activities exerting a direct effect on bacteria. They did, however, contain factors activating monocytes. The uptake and the killing of staphylococci increased 91% and 68%, respectively, after three days' incubation in lymphokine-rich supernatants. The monocyte-activating principle eluted in Sephadex G-100 chromatography over a wide molecular weight range (greater than 68000 - less than 23000) was not inactivated at 56 degrees C and was reduced by L-fucose. It thus shared the characteristics of human MIF or MAF. PMID- 6801921 TI - Diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) for detection of class-specific antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. PMID- 6801922 TI - [Synthesis of Nevadensin analogues and their anti-tuberculosis activity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6801923 TI - Incorporation of thiouracil and some related compounds into growing melanin. AB - Several drugs, mainly polycyclic amines, are accumulated in melanin-containing tissues. They are bound to preformed melanin (both in vivo and in vitro). Thiouracil is accumulated into melanin according to another principle: It is incorporated as a false precursor during melanin formation. It is thus taken up only in growing melanin, e.g. in the eye of pigmented mouse foetuses or in melanomas. The acceptance of a foreign substance during the formation of a foetal tissue seems theoretically important. We are also interested in the practical viewpoint of using false melanin precursors as selective melanoma seekers. Some related substances are therefore compared with respect to incorporation into growing melanin. The thiouracil uptake in the ocular melanin of a 5 day old mouse was 276 times higher than that of a 3 month old mouse based on weight units of melanin. Thiourea is incorporated in growing melanin as well but also binds slightly to preformed melanin. Uracil and fluorouracil showed no specific uptake into growing melanin. It thus seems as if the sulfur is essential for the incorporation into the melanin polymer. 35S-thiouracil and 2-thio(2-14C)urcal showed the same high uptake, indicating that at least part of the uracil moiety is incorporated together with the sulfur. There seems to be a relation between the property to be incorporated into melanin and the tyrostatic activity. Both in the formation of melanin and thyroid hormones, tyrosine is the physiological precursor and both reactions are catalyzed by oxidizing enzymes. Properly labelled thiouracil derivatives seem to be promising melanoma seekers for diagnostic and radiotherapeutic purposes. PMID- 6801925 TI - [Histamine catabolism with special reference to oxidative deamination]. PMID- 6801924 TI - Absorption of amino acids in different parts of the small intestine in growing pigs. IV. Effect of sugars on absorption of amino acids and water. AB - The study was performed on pigs weighing 50-75 kg with temporarily isolated loops of the small intestine. The isolated segments were perfused with solutions containing casein hydrolysates and different concentrations of sugars (up to 50 g/l). The effect of the sugars depended on their type and amount, and on the type of the hydrolysate; addition of 10 g/l sugar to the enzymic hydrolysate of casein which was only partly hydrolysed did not affect absorption of the latter. The absorption of most amino acids was depressed in the presence of 20 g/l lactose or sucrose or of 20-50 g/l glucose, the effect of lactose being least evident. Sugars and amino acids stimulated the net absorption of water only from isotonic or slightly hypertonic solutions: addition of 50 g/l glucose significantly depressed the net absorption of water. PMID- 6801926 TI - Lithium kinetics in single daily dosing. AB - The feasibility of single daily dosing of lithium carbonate was tested in eight recurrent manic-depressives being treated with lithium prophylaxis. The patients received their entire 24-h maintenance dose at 8:00 p.m. for 12 consecutive days. The suitability of single daily dosing was determined by comparing 1) lithium through levels; 2) lithium kinetic parameters of half-life, clearance, and volume of distribution; and 3) renal function parameters of serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and mean 24-h urine output during the initial divided daily dosage trial and the subsequent single daily dosage trial. The observation of no significant changes in either serum half-lives or renal lithium clearance levels supports the conclusion that the average steady-state lithium serum concentration (Cpss) is unchanged by conversion to single daily doses. No significant changes were observed in either serum creatinine or creatinine clearance. However, a significant decrease in the 24-h urine output was noted on the single daily dose. PMID- 6801927 TI - Serum lithium concentrations around the clock with different treatment regimens and the diurnal variation of the renal lithium clearance. AB - The serum lithium concentration was determined around the clock in patients treated with conventional tablets given once daily, in the evening, and in patients treated with slow-release tablets given twice daily, in the morning and in the evening. Curve shapes differed markedly in the two groups, with much wider variation of serum concentrations in the former than in the latter. The data were used to calculate for the two patient groups the ratio of the mean serum lithium concentration over the 24-h day to the serum lithium concentration in blood samples drawn 12 h after the last intake of lithium. Around-the-clock determinations of the patients' renal lithium clearance showed about 20% lower values during the night than during the day. PMID- 6801928 TI - Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents. IV. Effect on 51-Cr-EDTA clearance. AB - Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was studied by measuring the 51-Cr-EDTA clearance with single bolus injection technique in 107 men exposed to styrene, toluene or toluene and xylene in their professions and in 48 non-exposed male controls. The clearance values of the controls were significantly related both to body surface area (BSA) and age. These relations were used to calculate expected clearances for the exposed subjects. The clearances of the exposed subjects were on an average 3.8% higher than expected, according to BSA and age in this group. This divergence was not significant. Thus, no reduction in GFR was found in the subjects exposed to organic solvents. PMID- 6801930 TI - Antiepileptic drug monitoring in selecting epileptic patients for surgery. PMID- 6801929 TI - The effect of fluid deprivation, antidiuretic hormone and forced fluid intake on 51-Cr-EDTA clearance. AB - The effect of fluid deprivation, antidiuretic hormone (DDAVP) and forced fluid intake on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was studied in 41 healthy males by determining 51-Cr-EDTA clearance after a single bolus injection. GFR was the same on forced and on free fluid intake. A small, clinically insignificant decrease in GFR (-6.5%), compared to values on free fluid intake, was registered during the periods of fluid deprivation plus DDAVP. There seem to be no objections to combining a clearance study with a concentrating ability test when screening groups of subjects with normal or near normal GFR. PMID- 6801931 TI - Regulation of the arachidonic acid cascade in normal liver and hepatoma cells. PMID- 6801933 TI - Formation and interconversion of putrescine and spermidine in mammalian cells. PMID- 6801932 TI - The binding and regulation of biologically active proteins on cellular interfaces: model studies of enzyme adsorption on hydrophobic binding site lattices and biomembranes. PMID- 6801934 TI - Carnitine biosynthesis: nutritional implications. PMID- 6801935 TI - The nutrient requirements of cultured mammalian cells. PMID- 6801936 TI - [Psychomotor development in atrophic infants (author's transl)]. AB - 17 former patients with nutritional marasmus due to malabsorption syndromes of various etiology were followed-up at the age of 5 7/12 +/- 2 1/12 years for the assessment of their psychomotor development. As to the intelligence quotient there was no significant difference in comparison with a representative random sample of 200 preschool children. The mean IQ was 92 +/- 20 (n = 17). 2 children were moron (IQ 64 and 61, resp.), one child was imbecile (IQ 46). In two of them familial disposition of debility must be assumed. The deficit in the capability of the psychomotor functions was striking (fine motoricity, designing). 6 children showed mild forms of electroencephalographic deviations from normal (relative frequency 0.35). PMID- 6801937 TI - The effect of providing recreational activities on the engagement level of long stay geriatric patients. AB - The relative effectiveness of providing individual and group activities, as compared to conditions of non-intervention, was studied on a long-stay female geriatric ward. Engagement levels were consistently higher during the sessions when activities were provided. Group activities raised engagement levels more than individual activities. This suggests that levels of engagement are normally low because patients are not provided and encouraged with activities, rather than through disability. PMID- 6801938 TI - Some further effects of prednisolone and triamcinolone hexacetonide on experimental arthritis in rabbits. AB - Prolonged treatment of rabbits with an established bilaterally symmetrical experimental arthritis with prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg day) reduced both the swelling and the histopathological changes in the arthritic joints whereas short term treatment suppressed only the swelling. Such prolonged treatment also suppressed both the humoral and cell-mediated immune responses measured systemically in these animals and the cell-mediated immune responsiveness of the synovium determined by lymphokine production by cultured explants. The results suggested that the suppressive effect of the drug on the arthritis was related to the inhibition of cell-mediated immune responsiveness. Prednisolone treatment also had deleterious effect on cartilage proteoglycan metabolism determined both histologically and biochemically. Intra-articular administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide (three injections of 2 mg per joint at fortnightly intervals) also reduced the swelling and histopathological changes, although there was no effect on circulating antibody levels. PMID- 6801939 TI - Carcinoma in diverticulum of the female urethra. PMID- 6801940 TI - The underestimation of costs per year of life saved--the case of subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6801941 TI - Gastrointestinal parasites: Part I. Protozoal infections. PMID- 6801942 TI - Long-term follow-up of young adults following permanent pacemaker placement for complete heart block. AB - Young adults with nonsurgically induced complete heart block (CHB) do not necessarily have a benign prognosis and pacemaker (PM) implantation may be necessary. No one has reported long-term PM follow-up in young adults with CHB. We studied 13 patients aged 15 to 37 years (mean 24 years) at PM implantation. There were nine female and four male patients. All were functional class II or III (NYHA) before PM implantation. Syncope, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, and dyspnea on exertion were the most common symptoms. Cardiac catheterization findings (11 of 13 patients) were normal in five, and additional cardiac anomalies were present in six. His bundle studies (9 of 13 patients) showed absent AH intervals in all patients, with HV intervals not identified in two, 20 to 30 msec in one, and 30 to 50 msec in six patients. Holter monitor recordings (8 of 13 patients) demonstrated CHB in all eight with intermittent second- to third-degree block in two of three patients. Two patients had occasional premature ventricular contractions. Stress exercise tests (9 of 13 patients) demonstrated increased ventricular rate response (although subnormal in some patients); symptoms developed in seven. One patient had ventricular ectopy. All 13 patients were contacted 3 months to 7 years (mean 4 years) after PM implantation. Two patients had died, but the deaths were not related to PM dysfunction. All patients who are currently alive had marked improvement in functional symptomatology and all are currently functional class I. CHB is not a benign condition in young adults and may require PM implantation, which improves symptoms and allows the patient to lead a normal life. PMID- 6801943 TI - Long-term hemodynamic and clinical efficacy of captopril therapy in ambulatory management of severe chronic congestive heart failure. AB - The 6-month extended vasodilator efficacy of the oral angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril (CPT), was evaluated by sequential cardiac catheterization, nuclear scintigraphy, echocardiography, treadmill exercise, and symptomatology in nine patients with severe chronic left ventricular (LV) failure (CHF). CPT lowered LV filling pressure (from 23 to 14 mm Hg acutely (p less than 0.001) and to 14 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) with continuous 6-month therapy; concomitantly CPT raised cardiac index from 2.03 to 2.46 L/min/m2 initially (p less than 0.02) and to 2.33 L/min/m2 (p less than 0.02) at 6 months. Simultaneously CPT raised LV ejection fraction from 0.21 to 0.25 acutely (p less than 0.01) and to 0.30 (p less than 0.001) and to 60 mm (p less than 0.001) at 6 months. These beneficial actions of CPT on LV pump function raised treadmill exercise duration (from 339 to 426 seconds initially (p less than 0.05) and to 499 seconds (p less than 0.05) at 6 months, while considerably reducing CHF symptomatology (p less than 0.001). Thus ACE inhibition by CPT provides markedly beneficial sustained hemodynamic and clinical improvement in advanced LV failure without fluid accumulation or late vasodilator drug tolerance. PMID- 6801944 TI - C- 11 labeled palmitic acid for the noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron-computed tomography. I. Kinetics of C- 11 palmitic acid in normal myocardium. PMID- 6801945 TI - C- 11 labeled palmitic acid for the noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron-computed tomography. II. Kinetics of C- 11 palmitic acid in acutely ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6801946 TI - Electrophysiologic testing of antiarrhythmic agents. PMID- 6801947 TI - High temporal resolution synchronous volumetric scanning tomography: potential roles in clinical evaluation of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6801948 TI - Role of vasodilators in the changing phases of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Application of vasodilators in evolving myocardial infarction has not yet received wide acceptance. Heretofore, clinical trials of a variety of vasodilator agents have been conducted without regard to the phase of the disease with its changing pathologic features and altering cardiac function. A classification of these phases based on the underlying myocardial disease--ischemia, necrosis, compensation, and healing--may allow a more rational interpretation of the available information. At present, vasodilators are not recommended during the ischemic phase, although some evidence suggests that preload modification by use of nitroglycerin may be beneficial in certain instances. Vasodilator drugs productive of arterial impedance reduction are probably of the greatest value late in the necrotic phase and in the compensation and healing phases. It is in these circumstances that heart failure becomes clinically manifest and maximal short-term efficacy of this intervention can be achieved. Impedance reduction, using agents such as sodium nitroprusside, will cause a prompt improvement manifested by a reduction in left ventricular filling pressure and in pulmonary congesting pressure and an increase in cardiac output. A significant improvement in short-term survival, at least, should be expected by judicious use of vasodilators. PMID- 6801949 TI - Coronary angiography during acute myocardial infarction: a search for spasm. AB - The mechanism of left anterior descending (LAD) obstruction was studied in 30 patients with transmural anterior myocardial infarction. Nitroglycerin was given by sublingual, intravenous, and intracoronary routes, and coronary angiography was performed in less than 6 hours. The ECG ST segment elevation fell more than 50% in two patients with sublingual nitroglycerin and in no patient with the addition of intravenous nitroglycerin. Intracoronary nitroglycerin restored slow LAD flow in one patient. Convex filling defects were seen in 17 patients compatible with intracoronary thrombus, and streptokinase was effective in 8 of 10. Studies suggest that the dominant coronary occlusive process early after the onset of injury is coronary thrombosis. PMID- 6801950 TI - Simultaneous measurement of coronary venous blood flow and oxygen saturation during transient alterations in myocardial oxygen supply and demand. AB - Continuous simultaneous measurements of coronary venous oxygen saturation and coronary venous blood flow were performed in 10 open chest dogs and 13 conscious human patients, using a combination of fiberoptic oximetry and thermodilution. Measurements were made during transient coronary arterial occlusion and during the intracoronary administration of nitroglycerin or isoproterenol. Two patterns of coronary vasodilation were distinguished: in primary (demand-independent) vasodilation, both coronary flow and coronary venous oxygen saturation increased, while myocardial oxygen consumption remained constant. In secondary (autoregulatory) vasodilation, coronary flow increased as coronary venous oxygen saturation decreased, corresponding to an increase in myocardial oxygen consumption. These observations could not have been made if either coronary venous blood flow or oxygen saturation had been measured alone; thus, this investigation demonstrates the utility of this combination of techniques in the study of the coronary circulation. PMID- 6801951 TI - Comparison of metoprolol and verapamil in the treatment of angina pectoris. AB - The cardioselective beta adrenoceptor blocking agent metoprolol was compared with the calcium antagonist verapamil in relation to effects on angina pectoris. Twenty patients with stable, exercise-induced angina pectoris took part in a 14 week study that began with a 4 week single blind placebo period. In the succeeding 4 weeks, verapamil in a daily dose of 360 mg or metoprolol, 200 mg twice daily, was administered in double-blind fashion. After 2 weeks the patients were transferred to a second 4 week period of treatment with the other drug. The number of anginal attacks and the consumption of nitroglycerin tablets were reported. At the end of each treatment period a symptom-limited maximal exercise test was performed. The mean daily rate of anginal attacks and nitroglycerin consumption decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) and to a similar extent with both drugs. Exercise capacity increased from 103 +/- 7 to 113 +/- 7 watts (p less than 0.01) with metoprolol and to 119 +/- 6 watts (p less than 0.01) with verapamil. The increase with verapamil was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than with metoprolol. Metoprolol caused a substantial reduction in the rate pressure product both at rest and during exercise (p less than 0.001); this variable was not influenced by verapamil. Adverse effects were only mild to moderate and did not cause the cessation of treatment in any case. In conclusion, metoprolol and verapamil are two effective drugs for treatment of stable exercise induced angina pectoris. Which drug is preferable as a first choice may depend on possible contraindications to one of these agents rather than on the belief that one is much more effective than the other. PMID- 6801952 TI - Large dose sublingual nitroglycerin in acute myocardial infarction: relief of chest pain and reduction of Q wave evolution. AB - Thirty patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted 2.1 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- standard deviation) hours after the onset of pain and with S-T segment elevation in multiple leads in the standard electrocardiogram were given either intravenous morphine (15 patients) or sublingual nitroglycerin (15 patients), and the effect on pain and QRS changes was observed. Nitroglycerin was administered repetitively in large doses while systolic blood pressure was maintained above 100 mm Hg. Chest pain failed to respond within 30 minutes in two patients who received nitroglycerin. In the remaining 13 patients nitroglycerin produced partial relief of pain in 17 +/- 5 minutes and complete relief in 127 +/- 65 minutes, requiring a cumulative dosage of 23.7 +/- 38.7 mg in 16 +/- 7 divided doses. An average of 14.9 +/- 7.1 mg of morphine in 3.3 +/- 1.5 divided doses produced complete relief of pain in a similar period (134 +/- 77 minutes [difference not significant]). In patients receiving morphine, Q waves developed at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, in 62 (72 percent) and 66 (77 percent) of a total of 86 sites with initial S-T segment elevation in the standard 12 lead electrocardiogram. In nitroglycerin responders, Q waves developed at 24 and 48 hours, respectively, in only 21 (28 percent, p less than 0.001) and 22 (29 percent, p less than 0.001) of the 76 sites with initial S-T segment elevation. Other electrocardiographic estimates of the extent of myocardial necrosis, including the percent reduction in R wave amplitude and the relative changes in R and Q wave amplitude, also were significantly less in those receiving nitroglycerin. There was no in-hospital mortality. Thus, large and frequent doses of nitroglycerin when used in the hyperacute phase of acute myocardial infarction can effectively abolish chest pain and limit later electrocardiographic signs of myocardial necrosis. PMID- 6801953 TI - Can exercise electrocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial imaging exclude the diagnosis of coronary artery disease? Bayesian analysis of the clinical limits of exclusion and indications for coronary angiography. PMID- 6801954 TI - Electrophysiology of oral encainide. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of oral encainide were assessed in 15 patients. Electrophysiologic studies were performed before and after 3 or more days of oral encainide therapy, 100 to 300 mg/day (mean 242 +/- 66). Patients received no other cardioactive drugs during this time. Encainide significantly (p less than 0.005) lengthened the following: A-H interval (74.5 +/- 21.5 to 105.5 +/- 39.1 ms, mean +/- standard deviation), the shortest atrial pacing cycle length maintaining 1:1 atrioventricular (A-V) nodal conduction (339.0 +/- 71.3 to 417.0 +/- 88.6 ms), H-V interval (47.5 +/- 7.8 to 67.1 +/- 12.9 ms), QRS interval (103.5 +/- 30.9 to 132.3 +/- 35.7 ms), right atrial (233.8 +/- 27.2 ms to 282.9 +/- 38.6 ms) and right ventricular (235.7 +/- 15.6 to 267.1 +/- 36.9 ms) effective refractory periods and Q-T interval (364.4 +/- 38.0 to 416.9 +/- 55.3 ms). The spontaneous sinus cycle length did not change significantly. In four patients who had accessory A-V muscle connections (two manifest, two concealed) encainide abolished anterograde conduction over the accessory pathway in two patients, and increased the retrograde effective refractory period and/or lengthened retrograde conduction time or blocked retrograde conduction in the accessory pathway, or all three variables, in all four patients. There was no correlation between the plasma encainide concentration obtained at the time of study and the magnitude of change in any electrophysiologic variable. It is concluded that (1) encainide depresses conduction in the A-V node, His-Purkinje system and accessory pathway, and increases refractoriness of the atrium, ventricle and accessory pathway, and (2) differences between these results and those of earlier studies using encainide in a single intravenous dose (which found no significant effects on A-V nodal conduction or atrial and ventricular refractoriness) may be explained in part by the effects of an active metabolite of encainide. PMID- 6801955 TI - Tocainide for refractory symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias. AB - Tocainide, an oral form of lidocaine, was employed in 120 patients with recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmia refractory to conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. After discontinuation of all antiarrhythmic agents, patients underwent control studies including 48 hours of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and maximal symptom-limited exercise testing. One hundred patients had frequent as well as repetitive ventricular premature beats whereas in 20 patients, because of infrequency of ectopic activity, invasive electrophysiologic studies were carried out to provoke a repetitive ventricular response. Tocainide therapy was begun at 1,200 mg daily and increased to 2,400 mg daily guided by drug efficacy and the occurrence of adverse effects. After 48 hours of treatment with a fixed dose, drug action was evaluated by repeat monitoring and exercise stress testing or electrophysiologic testing. Fifty-five patients (46 percent) responded to tocainide. The average daily dose of drug and peak blood levels were equivalent in responders and nonresponders. Adverse effects occurred in 42 patients (35 percent) and were primarily related to the central nervous system. Lidocaine predicted the response to tocainide in 78 percent of patients. Thirty-four patients were continued on long-term maintenance therapy. After an average follow up period of 16 months (range 2 to 39), treatment with the drug was discontinued in nine patients. The remaining 25 patients have had no adverse effects and no recurrence of ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 6801957 TI - 14CO2 expiration after 14C-histidine administration in normal and uremic men ingesting two levels of histidine. AB - The rates of histidine degradation were investigated in six normal and three chronically uremic men who were not undergoing dialysis therapy. The nine men were studied in the postabsorptive state after they had ingested one or more of the following diets for the indicated periods of time: a 40 g protein diet providing about 1100 mg/day of histidine for 27 +/- 9 SD days (seven studies), an amino acid diet providing only 65 mg/day of histidine (histidine-deficient diet) for 33 +/- 3 days (eight studies), and an amino acid diet providing about 1125 mg/day of histidine (histidine-replete diet) for 32 +/- 7 days (six studies). Diets are listed in the order of administration; five men received all three diets. After fasting overnight, subjects received an intravenous injection of 25 microCi/70 kg body weight of L-[ring-2-14C]-histidine (eight men) or L-carboxyl 14C]-histidine (one man), and expiration of 14CO2 was measured continuously for 2 h. With both tracers, expiration of 14CO2 fell with ingestion of the histidine deficient diet (p less than 0.005) and then increased with intake of the histidine-replete diet (p less than 0.05). Free histidine in plasma and muscle also decreased with the histidine-deficient diet and rose with the histidine replete diet. If other tissue free histidine pools changed similarly and protein turnover was not very different with the three diets, then the 14CO2 expiration data and the estimated specific activity of 14C-histidine indicate that histidine degradation fell markedly with the histidine-deficient diet and then increased with the histidine-replete diet. In uremic patients as compared to normal subjects no differences in the magnitude of 14C-histidine degradation or in the pattern of 14CO2 expiration were observed. PMID- 6801958 TI - Enteral hyperalimentation in undernourished patients with cirrhosis and ascites. AB - Available enteral hyperalimentation solutions used to treat undernourished cirrhotic, ascitic patients with protein intolerance are excessive in water, sodium, and in some cases protein. This study investigated the use of enteral formulae tailored to the water, sodium, and protein tolerance of 10 undernourished subjects with ascites due to alcoholic liver disease (n = 8) and postnecrotic cirrhosis (n = 2). During a 10- to 60-day (mean +/- 80 = 37 +/- 19) hyperalimentation period, three subjects were treated with a low Na (1g Na/2000 kcal), high caloric density formula (2 kcal/ml); previous encephalopathy in seven remaining subjects required infusion of a low Na, low protein (40 g/day) modular high caloric density formula. The high caloric density formula protein content in 6/7 subjects was increased to 80 to 143 g without adverse effect. Nine subjects tolerated the program well and showed improvement in the following indices: serum albumin, creatinine/height, and midarm muscle and fat areas. In selected cases, enteral hyperalimentation solutions with appropriate composition can be safely and effectively administered to cachectic cirrhotic subjects with ascites. PMID- 6801956 TI - Effect of acute zinc deprivation on plasma zinc and platelet aggregation in adult males. AB - In view of earlier results obtained with rodents, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of acute zinc deprivation in man on plasma zinc concentration and the response of platelets to aggregating agents. Three adult men consumed a formula diet based largely on soybean protein for 12 to 14 days. During the control period the diet was supplemented with 12 mg zinc per day. Without supplementation the diet supplied approximately 0.5 mg zinc per 3.0 Mcal; it contained 0.7 ppm zinc, and 0.2% phytate. After removal of the zinc supplement plasma zinc dropped rapidly and reached a minimum by the 5th day. There was a wide diurnal variation in plasma zinc concentration in one subject with the overnight fasting value being the highest and decreasing soon after the morning meal. Platelet aggregation in response to ADP and arachidonate was impaired when plasma zinc was 60 micrograms/dl or less and was restored to normal within 19 h of oral zinc supplementation. These results demonstrate that plasma zinc can be rapidly decreased by dietary zinc deprivation and that extracellular zinc plays an important role in platelet aggregation. PMID- 6801959 TI - Differences in dietary-induced thermogenesis with various carbohydrates in normal and overweight men. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to learn whether the thermogenic effect in man of sucrose and glucose was similar and whether normal weight and overweight subjects responded in a similar manner. Dietary-induced thermogenesis was calculated for the period 15 to 180 min after ingestion of sucrose or glucose in six normal weight and five obese subjects. The metabolic rate was calculated from the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide output utilizing the ventilated hood technique. In normal weight subjects, the total dietary-induced thermogenesis was significantly greater after sucrose than after glucose (p less than 0.005) but the difference was much less marked in the obese subjects. PMID- 6801960 TI - Detection of protein-calorie malnutrition in the elderly. AB - The geriatric population is an ever-increasing segment of our society. A careful review of the physical, anatomic, and biochemical changes which occur with aging indicates that measurements traditionally made to detect the presence of protein calorie malnutrition may be inappropriate for the elderly due to a lack of specific norms for comparison. Changes that are normally seen with age may appear to be representative of a nutritional deficit if the observer is unfamiliar with the aging process. Methods of extrapolating existing nutritional assessment data for use in the geriatric population, development of norms specific for the aged, and study of nontraditional methods of evaluation should all be considered in an effort to improve nutritional assessment techniques for this population. PMID- 6801961 TI - Nasogastric tube feeding at home in gastroenterological pediatric practice. PMID- 6801962 TI - Urinary copper losses in infants receiving free amino acid solutions. AB - Plasma amino acids and the 24-h urinary excretion of copper and amino acids were measured in 18 infants receiving 0.4 g N/kg/day as free amino acids as part of a total parenteral nutrition regimen. Urinary copper excretion correlated positively with total excretion of alpha-amino nitrogen, in general, and the excretion of glycine, methionine, histidine, and lysine, in particular. Infants who received FreAmine II as compared to FreAmine III generally had increased plasma concentrations of glycine and methionine and increased urinary excretion of total alpha-amino nitrogen, glycine, methionine, and of copper. Chronic losses of copper in the urine of infants receiving free amino acid solutions may contribute to copper depletion and the development of a copper deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6801963 TI - Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate in obese, moderately obese, and control subjects. AB - Twenty-four-hour energy expenditure (24-EE), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were determined in 30 subjects from three groups; control (103 +/- 2% ideal body weight, n = 10), moderately obese (129 +/- 1% ideal body weight, n = 6), and obese (170 +/- 5% ideal body weight, n = 14) individuals. Twenty-four EE was measured in a comfortable airtight respiration chamber. When expressed as absolute values, both RMR and 24-EE were significantly increased in obese subjects when compared to normal weight subjects. The RMR was 7592 +/- 351 kJ/day in the obese, 6652 +/- 242 kJ/day in the moderately obese, and 6118 +/- 405 kJ/day in the controls. Mean 24-EE values were 10043 +/- 363, 9599 +/- 277, and 8439 +/- 432 kJ/day in the obese, moderately obese, and controls, respectively. The larger energy expenditure in the obese over 24 h was mainly due to a greater VO2 during the daylight hours. However, 92% of the larger 24-EE in the obese, compared to the control group, was accounted for by the higher RMR and only 8% by other factors such as the increased cost of moving the extra weight of the obese. The higher RMR and 24-EE in the obese was best related to the increased fat free mass. PMID- 6801964 TI - Serum alkaline phosphatase and zinc undernutrition in infants with chronic diarrhea. AB - III infants and children need zinc replacement in total parenteral nutrition solutions, but assessment of these needs and total body zinc status is difficult. Seven infants with severe diarrhea initially given 80 to 100 micrograms/kg/day of elemental zinc developed systemic zinc deficiency as indicated by an acrodermatitis-like skin rash and low serum alkaline phosphatase. Serum zinc levels were borderline low only in conjunction with hypoalbuminemia. Daily urinary zinc excretion was normal. With increased zinc supplementation of 200 to 300 micrograms/kg/day, the rash healed and serum alkaline phosphatase rose to normal levels for age. The activity of the metalloenzyme alkaline phosphatase accurately reflects total body zinc status in infants. With diarrheal illness, infants, need high doses zinc supplementation to replace considerable stool losses. PMID- 6801966 TI - Cost effectiveness of quality control in bacteriology. AB - The cost effectiveness of quality control in bacteriology stipulated by regulators is not established. The authors evaluated 111 surveillance procedures applied to 54 different operations; 100 had been performed in the authors' lab between 1965 and 1980, 91 of which had been performed 50 times. Forty-six conformed to CLIA requirements (CLIA-P). Thirty-seven others were CLIA-P, which had been modified (CLIA-PM) by reducing frequency and extent because few or no deficiencies had been observed. Eight others were devised by the authors (HH-P). The number detecting deficiencies, the per cent, and the mean per cent of deficiencies detected were: CLIA-P, 31, 67%, 3.5%; CLIA-PM, 8, 22%, 2.1%; HH-P, 8, 100%, 8.8%. Compliance with CLIA would cost HH $20,700/year (3.4% of total bacteriology laboratory cost). HH-P would cost an additional $9000/year. Discontinuation of CLIA-P not detecting deficiencies would reduce HH costs by $2900/year. Application of other low yield CLIA-P only to new lots of selected dehydrated media and fresh batches of selected reagents would reduce cost further by $2000/year. PMID- 6801967 TI - The effect of osmotic stabilizers on the radiometric detection of osmotically sensitive populations of some gram-negative bacteria. AB - The effect of four osmotic stabilizers on the radiometric detection of osmotically sensitive populations of E. coli, S. typhimurium, and E. cloacae was studied. The addition of sucrose, sorbitol, glycerol, or ethylene glycoll to BACTEC 6B blood culture medium failed to improve the sensitivity of the system and produced an inhibitory effect on the level of 14CO2 released by organisms previously exposed to lysozyme and ECTA or to penicillin followed by the lysozyme treatment. The same effect was observed both in blood free media and simulated blood cultures. The addition of proline to sucrose-containing hypertonic media had no effect on growth index readings. PMID- 6801965 TI - A case of human linolenic acid deficiency involving neurological abnormalities. AB - A 6-yr-old girl who lost 300 cm of intestine was maintained by total parenteral nutrition. After 5 months on a preparation rich in linoleic acid but low in linolenic acid she experienced episodes of numbness, paresthesia, weakness, inability to walk, pain in the legs, and blurring of vision. Diagnostic analysis of fatty acids of serum lipids revealed marginal linoleate deficiency and significant deficiency of linolenate. When the regimen was changed to emulsion containing linolenic acid neurological symptoms disappeared. Analysis indicated that linoleate deficiency had worsened but linolenate deficiency had been corrected. The requirement for linolenic acid is estimated to be about 0.54% of calories. PMID- 6801968 TI - Modified Dupont aca calcium method for hemolyzed specimens. AB - The presence of hemoglobin in serum or plasma causes an increase in the apparent calcium concentration when this determination is performed on the DuPont Automatic Clinical Analyzer (aca). A simple pack modification is described using ethylene glycol-bis-(2-aminoethylether)-tetracetic acid (EGTA) which permits estimation of the positive interference due to hemoglobin color. A correction factor is applied to enable the accurate measurement of calcium in hemolyzed samples. PMID- 6801970 TI - Transient elevation of anti-M antibody levels in child with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. PMID- 6801971 TI - The serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase/serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase ratio as a prognostic index in severe acute viral hepatitis. AB - The SGOT/SGPT ratio was studied in 25 patients with severe acute viral hepatitis due to either B or non A-non B hepatitis. The transaminase levels were performed within 10 days of onset of the hepatitis or within 4 days of the diagnosis of fulminant hepatic failure. Twelve patients died of their acute illness. There was a significant difference between the SGOT/SGPT ratios of females who died mean = 2.05) and lived (mean 0.45) (p less than 0.001) and between the SGOT/SGPT ratios of males who died (mean - 1.01) and lived (mean 0.45) (p less than 0.02). Using 95% confidence intervals the expected ratios for combined sexes were calculated to be 0.31 to 0.63 for survivors and from 1.20 to 2.26 for nonsurvivors. Neither age not viral etiology affected the prognosis in this study. PMID- 6801973 TI - Existence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in differentiated lymphoid leukemic cells. AB - Acid phosphatase (AcP) in neoplastic cells from various lymphoid leukemias was examined. In the cytochemical studies, tartrate-resistant AcP (T-rAcP) activity was observed in the neoplastic cells from well-differentiated lymphoid leukemias such as adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL), and hairy-cell leukemia (HCL). T rAcP activity was also detected in a small number of leukemic cells obtained from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), while it was not detected in the neoplastic cells from null-ALL, macroglobulinemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). In the electrophoretical studies, fraction 1 (F-1), F-3, F-3b, and F-4 were completely tartrate-sensitive, while F-2 was partially resistant and F-5 was completely resistant. T-rAcP activity (F-5) was observed in ATL cells, B-CLL cells, and HCL cells, while it was not detected in ALL cells, macroglobulinemia cells, and MM cells. The present study indicates that T-rAcP activity is observed not only in HCL cells but also in the well-differentiated lymphoid cells such as ATL cells, B-CLL and T-CLL cells except the most highly differentiated forms of B cells of MM and macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6801972 TI - Immunologic evaluation of long-term effects of childhood ALL chemotherapy: analysis of in vitro NK- and K-cell activities of peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Twenty-five children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were tested for natural killer (NK) and K-cell activity in vitro using the nonsensitized myeloid/erythroid cell line K562 and the K562 sensitized with rabbit antithymocyte globulin, respectively. The patients consisted of two groups: 1) 13 patients in continuous first remission undergoing maintenance chemotherapy and 2) 12 patients in remission for at least five years in whom chemotherapy had been discontinued at least six months before this study. The first group consistently demonstrated a marked depression in their NK activity and antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (K-cell activity), as compared with normal controls. In contrast, normal levels of cytotoxicity were found in the second group of patients off of all chemotherapy. One patient studied while on chemotherapy and on two occasions following discontinuation of maintenance medications demonstrated that while NK and K-cell activity was depressed during therapy, normal activity returned within days when immunosuppressive therapy was stopped. Thus, present modes of chemotherapy clearly had a profound effect on the in vitro NK and K-cell activity; however, no long-term effect on these functions was noted in our studies. PMID- 6801969 TI - Sexual abuse of children. Current concepts. AB - Acts of pedophilia, rape, and incest are uncomfortable subjects that are underdiagnosed and underreported. Effective management involves a multidisciplinary approach that is difficult to achieve without a special program for sexually abused children. These children deserve all the time, skill, and research that are applied to any other serious and common medical problem. They are now beginning to get this attention. PMID- 6801974 TI - Respiratory responses following lifting the legs in normal man. AB - This study reinvestigates the problems of ventilatory drive linked to the rate of CO2 flow to the pulmonary circulation, and the respiratory response to the changes in cardiac output, which are both known to be capable of matching ventilation to perfusion so that the arterial blood remains isocapnic. Taking advantage of the known influence of posture on venous return, 21 healthy humans were subjected to the experimental maneuver which consisted of lifting the legs from the lower to uppermost position. This maneuver increased venous return to the right heart by bringing stagnant blood from the legs carrying more CO2. In all, 34 tests were performed. The results showed a rapid increase in minute ventilation of 12.3 percent. There were also increases in end-tidal CO2, CO2 production and cardiac output. All of the changes were fully reversible and reproducible. The results support the concept that a higher gain CO2 receptor system is operating during increased CO2 delivery to the lungs via the circulation. The possibility of reflex hyperpnea elicited from pressoreceptors localized in pulmonary circulation is also considered. PMID- 6801977 TI - New topical nitroglycerin preparations. PMID- 6801975 TI - Case report. Amanita virosa acute hepatic necrosis: treatment with thioctic acid. AB - A 55-year-old woman suffered acute hepatic necorsis following ingestion of Amanita virosa mushrooms. Successful treatment included the use of thioctic acid. A discussion of Amanita poisoning an the therapeutic modalities available is presented. PMID- 6801976 TI - Case report. Fatal gas gangrene following intra-articular steroid injection. AB - Gas gangrene is a rare infectious disease syndrome complicating medico-surgical procedures. We describe a case of gas gangrene secondary to intra-articular steroid injection. Clostridia species and Escherichia coli were the etiologic organisms in this case. The presence of underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hepatic insufficiency, and metabolic acidosis could have contributed to the fatal outcome of this patient. A high index of suspicion, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment may improve the prognosis in gas gangrene. Although uncommon, infection is a significant complication of intra-articular steroid administration. Thus, meticulous aseptic technique should always be observed in the performance of this procedure. PMID- 6801978 TI - Metabolism of testosterone by human granulosa cells in culture: influence of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. AB - Human granulosa cells were isolated from follicles (8 to 15 mm) and cultivated for 24 hours in the presence or absence of follicle-stimulating hormone (NIH-FSH HS-1, 1 microgram/ml) and luteinizing hormone (NIAMDD-hLH-1, 1 microgram/ml). Testosterone -4-14C was added subsequently to all cultures for 4-, 6-, and 24 hour periods. Of the seven metabolites of testosterone studied, 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were the major products. In all patients, levels of E2 were three to ten times higher than those of E1. Production of E2, but not E1, was stimulated by either follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH). The cells of the largest follicle (15 mm) showed greater response to LH than to FSH. Production of the other C19 and C18 metabolites was very low or negligible. These results further suggest that FSH regulates the aromatization of testosterone in human granulosa cells, and that LH may have the same effect on the matured follicle during the preovulatory period. PMID- 6801979 TI - Effect of duration of low-dose oral contraceptive administration on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Two hundred and ten healthy young women volunteered to take a combined oral contraceptive (OC) and to have glucose tolerance in insulin secretion measured in a projected 3-year study with roughly annual investigations. Although the dropout rate was high, glucose tolerance was noted to deteriorate progressively and insulin secretion to rise initially, but thereafter they remained constant. Eventually, insulin levels were lower than would have been expected from the prevailing glucose values. This combination of steroids produced marked insulin resistance to which the pancreas could respond by further insulin secretion. It is suggested that levonorgestrel is too strong a progestin for routine use in the combined OC, and it is recommended that its dose be reduced further or that weaker progestins such as norethindrone be used. PMID- 6801980 TI - Oral contraceptives, clotting factors, and thrombosis. AB - Oral contraceptives (OCs) raise the plasma levels of some clotting factors, especially factor VII. Until recently, however, there has been no evidence for a relationship between high levels of clotting factor and the onset of clinically manifest vascular disease. It has not been established, on a preliminary basis, that high levels of factors VII and VIII and of fibrinogen in men are associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular disease. There is a strong relationship between OC estrogen dose and the level of factor VII, a clotting factor with a number of other characteristics, suggesting that high levels would be thrombogenic. A strong relationship also exists between OC estrogen dose and the risk of thromboembolism. The thrombotic effects of OC are probably mediated, at least partly, through their effects on the coagulation system. PMID- 6801982 TI - The effect of progestins in combined oral contraceptives on serum lipids with special reference to high-density lipoproteins. AB - Fasting serum lipids were measured in a group of 293 women desirous of using oral contraceptives (OCs) and 536 women who had been taking five varieties of OCS for many months before being tested. Parameters studied were serum cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the two main subfractions of HDL, namely, HDL2 and HDL3, and the ratio of HDL2 cholesterol to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Studies of these five groups of women enabled us to compare the effect of varying amounts of levonorgestrel with norethindrone and to study the effects of estrogen combined with these progestins. The levonorgestrel-containing pills and the progestin-only OC significantly depressed HDL2 cholesterol levels and the ratio of HDL2 to LDL cholesterol. PMID- 6801983 TI - Effects of progestogens on the cardiovascular system. AB - The progestogenic component of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) may contribute to the increased risk of stroke and ischemic heart disease in women who take these preparations. This effect is likely to be mediated, at least in part, through elevators in blood pressure. The progestogenic component of OCs does not appear to influence the risk of venous thromboembolism. In terms of reducing the risks of arterial disease in women taking OCs, the safest preparations will be those which minimize the dose of both estrogen and progestogen. PMID- 6801981 TI - Progestogens and arterial disease--evidence from the Royal College of General Practitioners' study. AB - In the course of a large-scale prospective study of the health of oral contraceptive users, the rate of reporting of arterial diseases was examined in two groups of users of pill brands that permitted the effect of the progestogen to be assessed independently of estrogen effect. The rate of reporting was consistently higher with the brands with the higher progestogenic activity. The reports of cerebrovascular diseases showed a significant trend in relation to the dose of norethindrone acetate as well as in relation to total arterial diseases. Total arterial diseases were also reported more frequently in association with brands containing 250 microgram of levonorgestrel than with those containing 150 microgram of this progestogen. The mean serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in users of the brands described show a striking inverse relationship to the rate of reporting of arterial diseases and to the progestogenic activity of the pills. PMID- 6801984 TI - Decidual vasculopathy and extensive placental infarction in a patient with repeated thromboembolic accidents, recurrent fetal loss, and a lupus anticoagulant. AB - Evidence exists of an association between the presence of a "lupus" anticoagulant in plasma, recurrent fetal loss, and repeated thromboembolic accidents, also in the absence of systemic lupus erythematosus. Presented is an example of this association, with morphologic and biologic studies to elucidate its pathogenesis. In the case reported, the placenta showed massive infarction. In the spiral arteries of the basal plate of the placenta, lesions of intimal thickening, fibrinoid necrosis, acute atherosis, and intraluminal thrombosis were observed. The plasma of the patient contained a lupus anticoagulant and inhibited the formation of prostacyclin by rat aortic rings. Vascular production of prostacyclin is a major natural defense mechanism against thrombosis. Lack of generation of prostacyclin may account for the decidual vasculopathy and consequent placental infarction and for the generalized thrombotic tendency of some patients with lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 6801986 TI - Tobramycin levels in aqueous humor after subconjunctival injection in humans. AB - Subconjunctival injection of 10 mg of tobramycin provided therapeutic levels in the aqueous humor of 25 patients (ranging in age from 51 to 89 years) who underwent cataract surgery. The absorption from the subconjunctival tissue into the anterior chamber was fairly rapid, reaching a peak in approximately two hours. Peak levels were usually 20 times the minimum inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The drug then gradually disappeared from the aqueous but still exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for Pseudomonas organisms after eight hours. PMID- 6801985 TI - Clinical investigations on the corneal endothelium-XXXVIII Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. AB - The normal thickness and transparency of the cornea is maintained by the barrier function and the active fluid pump of the corneal endothelium. The major barrier is the intercellular gap junctions, and the fluid pump depends on the active transport of bicarbonate ions. Three methods are currently available for studying this important cell layer. (1) Endothelial dysfunction produces corneal swelling, and measuring the thickness of the swelling permits the degree of damage and the repair processes to be evaluated. (2) The endothelium's permeability to fluorescein reflects the state of its barrier. (3) The morphometric measurements obtained by specular microscopy of the endothelial cells permit the cell size distribution pattern and any alterations in it to be studied. Although the cell size distribution is normal in the young adult, cellular pleomorphism increases and cell density decreases during the aging process. A follow-up study of cell transformation after surgical trauma disclosed that the human endothelium shows practically no proliferative activity and that the damaged area is covered by means of cell migration. This migration, however, is incomplete, resulting in persistent regional differences in the cell distribution pattern. The traumatized endothelium continues to lose cells at an accelerated rate and endothelial dysfunction may develop many years after injury. PMID- 6801987 TI - Variable expressivity of autosomal dominant anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis in six generations. AB - Of 58 members in a six-generation family with anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis with variable expressivity, 21 of 35 members (60%) at risk were affected. Of the 15 living affected family members, nine (60%) had visual acuities of 6/12 (20/40) or better in at least one eye, five (33%) had visual acuities between 6/15 and 6/60 (20/50 and 20/200) in at least one eye, and one (7%) had a visual acuity of less than counting fingers at one foot in both eyes. All nine affected patients who underwent slit-lamp examinations had corneal abnormalities with and without synechiae. All 15 affected patients also had cataracts, and three of the 15 (20%) had optic nerve abnormalities. In a corneal button from the severely affected proband, Descemet's layer and endothelial cells were absent even in the periphery. Other corneal and lenticular changes were secondary to the primary endothelial defect. Anterior segment mesenchymal dysgenesis in this family appeared to be caused by an aberration of the first wave of mesenchyme from the rim of the optic cup. PMID- 6801988 TI - Different effects of dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate on differentiation of mast cells in the skin of mice. AB - The effects of the application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene (DMBA) and 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on the differentiation of tissue mast cells were investigated. Giant granules of beige (C57BL/6-bgJ/bgJ, Chediak Higashi syndrome) mice were used to distinguish different populations of mast cells. In the normal C57BL/6 mice that had been irradiated and injected with bone marrow cells of beige C57BL/6 mice (bgJ/bgJ leads to +/+ chimeras), mast cells in the skin remained normal in type and mast cell precursors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood were of the beige type. When DMBA was painted onto the skin of such bgJ/bgJ leads to +/+ chimeras, the number of beige mast cells increased, but the number of normal mast cells did not change. On the other hand, the number of both normal and beige mast cells increased when TPA was applied to the bgJ/bgJ leads to +/+ chimeras. Autoradiographic study showed that beige mast cells proliferated more than normal mast cells after DMBA applications, whereas the proliferations was comparable in both types of mast cells after TPA applications. The present results indicate that the effects of DMBA applications on differentiation of mast cells are different from those of TPA applications. PMID- 6801989 TI - Interstitial and hemorrhagic pneumonitis induced by mycobacterial trehalose dimycolate. AB - Intraperitoneal injections of cord factor (trehalose dimycolate, TDM) provides a model for interstitial and hemorrhagic lung disease that is produced by a chemically defined substance. A single injection of 10 micrograms of TDM, in light mineral oil or hexadecane, into C57BL/6 mice produces interstitial and hemorrhagic pneumonitis. Following injection of TDM the pulmonary lesions increase gradually and become maximal by the seventh to ninth day, at which time 70% of the mice show both gross hemorrhages and dense mononuclear infiltrates; an additional 20% of the mice show only microscopic lesions. From day 14 onward the incidence and severity of the lesions decrease, and by day 28 the lungs are normal by both gross and light-microscopy examination. Only 5% of the mice succumb. Except for peritonitis other organs are not affected. Doses of 3.3 and 10 micrograms of TDM are equally effective in producing the lesions, but a dose of 1.0 microgram of TDM causes only mild interstitial inflammation and lesser doses do not induce lesions. A single subcutaneous injection of 10 micrograms of TDM causes lesions in only 20% of mice. Vehicle-injected mice do not develop lesions. Electron microscopy revealed that the majority of the infiltrating cells are monocytes and macrophages and that extensive interstitial damage is produced. The mechanism of the effects of TDM are unknown and is currently under study. Our preliminary data suggests that the phenomenon is dependent upon T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6801990 TI - Prolongation of intrasplenic islet xenograft survival. AB - The spleen has been examined as a possible site for transplantation of rat islets into diabetic mice. Marked prolongation of islet xenograft survival in the spleen can be achieved with in vitro culture (24 C) and a single injection of either rabbit antiserum to mouse lymphocytes (MALS) alone or MALS and rabbit antiserum to rat lymphocytes (RALS) into the recipients. The percentage of survival of intrasplenic xenografts at 100 days was 16%, as compared with 70% when rat islet xenografts were transplanted via the portal vein. Further improvement in pretreatment regimens will be needed before the spleen can be used as an effective site for possible future islet allograft or xenograft transplants in man. PMID- 6801991 TI - Animal model of human disease. Mannosidosis. Swainsonine-induced mannosidosis. PMID- 6801992 TI - Evidence that TRH stimulates secretion of TSH by two calcium-mediated mechanisms. AB - Thyrotropin-released hormone (TRH) stimulation of thyrotropin (TSH) release from mouse thyrotropic tumor (TtT) cells is dependent on Ca2+. We demonstrate that TRH action in TtT cells does not require extracellular Ca2+ but that Ca2+ influx induced by TRH can augment TSH secretion. TRH caused a 46% increase in 45Ca2+ uptake by TtT cells in medium with 100 micro M Ca2+. The increment in 45Ca2+ uptake caused by TRH was dependent on the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium. In contrast to the effect of 50 mM K+, which also causes Ca2+ influx, TRH caused 45Ca2+ efflux and TSH release from TtT cells even when the concentration of Ca2+ in the medium was lowered below 100 micro M. TRH stimulated TSH release during perifusion in medium in which the free Ca2+ concentration was lowered to approximately 0.02 micro M, and reintroduction of Ca2+ into the medium simultaneously with TRH markedly increased TSH release. We suggest that TRH may affect Ca2+ metabolism in TtT cells by both extracellular Ca2+-independent and dependent mechanisms and that this dual mechanism of action serves to augment further TSH secretion induced by TRH. PMID- 6801993 TI - Arginine metabolism and urea synthesis in cultured rat skeletal muscle cells. AB - Skeletal muscle is known to contain arginase, but, because this enzyme is also present in erythrocytes, the exact origin of arginine-derived ornithine in peripheral tissues is uncertain. In the present studies, skeletal muscle cells obtained from regenerating hindlimb muscle of adult rats were grown in primary tissue culture for approximately 3 wk and then studied in regard to changes in medium amino acid concentrations over a 48-h period. The consumption of arginine and serine was observed in parallel with the production of ornithine, proline, citrulline, glycine, and urea. Medium threonine and methionine concentrations were relatively constant over 48 h. Incubation of muscle cells with [U 14C]arginine resulted in the formation of [14C]ornithine and [14C]proline at rates at least 10-fold greater than could be accounted for by enzyme constituents of fetal calf serum. In addition, [guanido-14C]arginine was converted to [14C]urea and [U-14C]serine was converted to [14C]glycine. These studies indicate that cultured skeletal muscle cells contain a high arginase capacity and actively synthesize ornithine and urea from arginine. PMID- 6801994 TI - Inhibition of ADH-stimulated water flow by stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues. AB - The synthetic prostaglandin endoperoxide analogues 15-hydroxy-9,11 (epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (EPA-I) and 15-hydroxy-11,9 (epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dien-1-oic acid (EPA-II) inhibited ADH-induced water flow in the isolated urinary bladder of the toad. In certain other biologic systems, EPA-I appeared to possess "thromboxane-like" activity. Thromboxanes, therefore, as well as the classical E prostaglandins may be modulators of the ADH response. To further characterize the effect of EPA-I on ADH, interaction studies were conducted with a related endoperoxide analogue found to be devoid of anti-ADH activity, 9,11-(epoxymethano)prostan-1-oic acid (EPA-III), and a prostanoid found to be a PGE antagonist in isolated toad bladder, 7-oxa-13 prostynoic acid. EPA-III reversed the anti-ADH activity of EPA-I but not that of PGE2. In contrast, 7-oxa-13-prostynoic acid reversed the anti-ADH activity of PGE2 but not that of an equieffective concentration of EPA-I. These findings suggest that the anti-ADH activity of EPA-I, and by inference thromboxane A2, may be mediated via a different receptor and/or pathway than that of the E prostaglandins. PMID- 6801996 TI - Bath osmolality: effect on water permeability of epithelial tissue. AB - When hyperosmotic gradients from 100 to 500 mosM are used to produce a water flux, the water permeability of live and potassium cyanide (KCN)-poisoned frog skin decreases with increasing osmotic gradients. In addition, as the total bath osmolality (corium + epithelial) increases there is a reduction in tissue water. Examination of the tissue cellular and extracellular compartments shows that cell shrinkage caused by the increasing hyperosmolality of the bathing medium correlates with the decrease in osmotic permeability. When the bath osmolality is held constant and cell volume decreases, there is a decrease in the water permeability. High potassium in the external bathing medium causes cell swelling that is associated with an increase in water permeability. These data support the hypothesis that a number of conditions known to affect the water permeability of frog skin do so partly or wholly as a result of a change in the cell volume, which either directly or indirectly alters the osmotic permeability of a rate limiting barrier, possibly the cell membrane. PMID- 6801995 TI - Coordinate loss of glucocorticoid responsiveness by intestinal enzymes during postnatal development. AB - Jejunal sucrase is known to display glucocorticoid responsiveness from birth through day 17 but not beyond that age. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this abrupt loss of responsiveness was shared by maltase, lactase, and acid beta-galactosidase. Glucocorticoid concentrations were manipulated by both adrenalectomy (ADX) and by administration of cortisone acetate (CA). Surgery or treatment was performed on each day from 16--22 days of age. Maltase activity was reduced by ADX at day 18 and earlier and was increased by CA at days 16 and 17. There were no effects at later ages. Acid beta galactosidase was increased by ADX only at day 18 and earlier and was decreased by CA only at day 16. Lactase activity was increased by ADX at all ages up to and including day 20 but was reduced by CA only at days 16 and 17. Thus, we conclude that loss of glucocorticoid responsiveness at a relatively early stage of development is a common feature of both brush-border and lysosomal enzymes of the small intestine. PMID- 6801997 TI - Separation of carotid body chemoreceptor responses to O2 and CO2 by oligomycin and by antimycin A. AB - The cat carotid chemoreceptor O2 and CO2 responses can be separated by oligomycin and by antimycin A. Both of these agents greatly diminish or abolish the chemoreceptor O2 response but not the nicotine or CO2 responses. After either oligomycin or antimycin, the responses to increases and decreases in arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) consisted of increases and decreases in activity characterized respectively by exaggerated overshoots and undershoots. These were eliminated by the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, acetazolamide, suggesting that they resulted from changes in carotid body tissue pH. The steady-state PaCO2 response remaining after oligomycin was no longer dependent on arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2). All effects of antimycin were readily reversible in about 20 min. The separation of the responses to O2 and CO2 indicates that there may be at least partially separate pathways of chemoreception for these two stimuli. The similarity of the oligomycin and antimycin results supports the metabolic hypothesis of chemoreception. PMID- 6801999 TI - Unsaturated fatty acids and cyclooxygenase inhibitors: effects on pial arterioles. AB - Cerebral surface arterioles of the mouse were constricted in a dose-dependent manner by three different unsaturated fatty acids each with one of its double bonds in the n-6 position: arachidonate, linoleic, and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid (ETA) in doses of 10-200 micrograms/ml. The constriction was transient, and its magnitude was significantly reduced by pretreatment of the mice with intraperitoneal injections of indomethacin (5 mg/kg), aspirin (100 mg/kg), or sodium 2-amino-3-(4 chlorobenzyl)-phenylacetate (AHR-6293, 100 mg/kg). The inhibitory effect of these cyclooxygenase inhibitors suggests that this enzyme is involved in the response to these fatty acids and is in keeping with suggestions in the literature stating that such unsaturated fatty acids may interact with cyclooxygenase even when they cannot form prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxides, The PG endoperoxide formed by arachidonate or the analogous hydroperoxy compounds formed by linoleic or 11,14,17 ETA, may then alter cerebrovascular tone by production of reactive, O2-containing species. Alternate explanations for the data are also proposed. PMID- 6801998 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on glycogen metabolism in rat hepatocytes. AB - The effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on several enzymes of glycogen metabolism in rat hepatocytes were compared with those of glucagon and of vasopressin (ADH). VIP caused phosphorylase activation and glycogenolysis in hepatocytes from fed rats. In hepatocytes from fasted rats incubated with glucose, lactate, and pyruvate, VIP inhibited net glycogen deposition, inactivated glycogen synthase, and activated phosphorylase. VIP was about 100 fold less potent than glucagon and 1,000-fold less potent than ADH in causing activation of phosphorylase. The ability of VIP to activate phosphorylase was not altered by chelation of the calcium in the medium. The half maximal effective doses of VIP for both phosphorylase activation and stimulation of glycogenolysis were 10-30 nM. Treatment with VIP, ADH, or glucagon did not decrease phosphorylase phosphatase activity. Each of these hormones, however, lengthened the lag time before synthase phosphatase activity was expressed in vitro. Other gut hormones tested did not affect hepatocyte glycogen metabolism. These results do not support the concept of physiologic control of hepatic glycogen metabolism by VIP or by other gut hormones. PMID- 6802000 TI - Effect of ADP-induced platelet aggregation on lung fluid balance in sheep. AB - The effects of platelet aggregation (PA), induced by an intravenous injection of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), on pulmonary fluid and protein exchange and on arterial blood gases were determined in artificially ventilated sheep prepared with lung lymph fistulas. ADP injection produced small increases (P less than 0.01) in pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) and transvascular protein clearance (Qlym X lymph-to-plasma protein concentration ratio). These changes were not associated with significant increases in pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures, pulmonary blood flow, or pulmonary vascular resistance. ADP-induced PA did not increase the pulmonary endothelial permeability to proteins, because an elevation of pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv), induced by inflation of a left atrial balloon catheter, produced the same increases in Qlym and protein clearance as in normal sheep after comparable increases in Pmv. The increases in Qlym and protein clearance can be explained by an increase in pulmonary vascular surface area. ADP induced PA decreased the arterial oxygen tension, which was sustained for the 3 h duration of the study; the arterial carbon dioxide tension did not change and the arterial pH decreased (P less than 0.05) after PA. Chronic depletion of platelets with antiplatelet serum prevented the increases in Qlym and protein clearance and the arterial hypoxemia, indicating that these changes were the direct result of PA. Thus ADP-induced PA in sheep increased pulmonary fluid filtration and protein clearance by an increase in the vascular surface area. Also PA produced a rapid and prolonged arterial hypoxemia, which may result from the release of vasoactive and bronchoactive factors causing a maldistribution of ventilation and perfusion. PMID- 6802001 TI - Synthesis and use of radio cobaltic EDTA as an extracellular marker in rabbit heart. AB - A new gamma-labeled marker for extracellular space is the cobaltic form of 58Co ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (58Co-EDTA). The cobaltic ion has a much higher affinity for EDTA than the cobaltous ion; it is prepared as a potassium salt, K+(58Co3+-EDTA4-), and is apparently biologically inert. Testing by equilibration in intact rabbits and comparing the myocardial content with that of [14C]sucrose give values of the volume of distribution in the myocardium of 0.294 +/- 0.052 ml/g for 58Co-EDTA and 0.303 +/- 0.051 ml/g for [14C]sucrose (SD, n = 130, for two hearts), with the ratios of 58Co-EDTA/sucrose averaging 0.973 +/- 0.043 (n = 130). The average value of the extracellular fluid measured in isolated rabbit interventricular septum using Co-EDTA was 0.51 +/- 0.05 ml/g (SD, n = 16) and 0.46 +/- 0.04 ml/g using [14C]sucrose as an extracellular fluid space (ECF) marker. Flushing with a high concentration of nontracer Co-EDTA does not reveal any release from binding sites. The gamma-energy (811 KeV), long half-life (71.4 days), stability, and lack of binding to tissue components make 58Co-EDTA a useful marker for ECF. PMID- 6802002 TI - Serum thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in psychiatric patients: a review. AB - In 1972 it was reported that in some euthyroid depressed patients the serum thyrotropin (TSH) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was deficient. Since then, 41 reports describing 917 depressed patients have confirmed this finding. Although it is useful to report differences between mean response values of patient populations, it is necessary to identify those individuals in whom the fault occurs so that sensitivity, specificity, state-trait distribution, and clinical correlates can be determined. Present data allow some tentative conclusions: 1) the fault usually reflects a defect in central regulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis, 2) in some patients the fault may be a trait marker, and 3) it may represent a biological bridge between some depressed patients and some patients with other mental disorders. PMID- 6802004 TI - Persistent elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone in women with bipolar affective disorder. PMID- 6802003 TI - Pharmacology of hallucinations induced by long-term drug therapy. AB - The authors studied 20 patients with Parkinson's disease and prominent hallucinations related to dopaminergic or anticholinergic therapy. The character of the hallucinations appeared distinct from the classic description of either acute anticholinergic or acute aminergic hallucinatory states. Manipulation of either kind of drug could precipitate or relieve hallucinations in a given patient, which suggests that the dopaminergic/cholinergic systems are reciprocally active in the pathophysiology of long-term drug-induced hallucinatory states in this population. PMID- 6802005 TI - Cost-effectiveness of community-based long-term care: current findings of Georgia's alternative health services project. AB - A study of the cost-effectiveness of community-based, long-term care was conducted with voluntary enrollees eligible for Medicaid reimbursed nursing home care. One year after enrollment, average longevity was greater for the 575 clients in the experiment group, but average Medicaid plus Medicare costs for this group were higher than for the 172 clients in the control group. Among those more at risk of entering a nursing home, costs for persons in the experimental group were somewhat lower than for those in the control group. The results suggest that community-based services targeted to those most at risk of institutionalization may be cost-effective. PMID- 6802007 TI - Genetic regulation of antibody response to sheep red blood cells: isoelectric focusing analysis of sera of well responding strain A/J and poorly responding strain B10 mice. AB - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) on a thin layer of polyacrylamide gel revealed that strain A/J produces antibodies with pI values distributed over the whole assayed pH range (pH 5.05-7.75), while strain B10 produces antibodies of a limited heterogeneity with pI values distributed between pH 6.3 and 7.5. The analysis of sera of congenic resistant (CR) and recombinant strains showed that haplotype H 2a is associated with wide-heterogeneity antibodies, while the presence of haplotype H-2b is associated with the occurrence of limited-heterogeneity antibodies. Thus a gene located within the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) may affect the degree of heterogeneity of the anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) response. The gene is transmitted to the F1 generation as a dominant trait. After administration of endotoxin (LPS LT2, 10 microgram/mouse) to the B10 mice, antibodies with pI values below pH 6.3 and above 7.5 appear in the serum; the heterogeneity of these antibodies resembles that of the A/J strain spectrotype. PMID- 6802006 TI - Expression of three immunoglobulin isotypes by individual B cells during development: implications for heavy chain switching. AB - Previous studies in mice and humans have shown that the first IgA+ and IgG+ B cells appearing during ontogeny also bear IgM on the surface. The acquisition of IgD seems to occur at a later stage in differentiation. In this study we have combined autoradiography with two-color immunofluorescence to directly detect human B cells expressing three surface isotypes. We report that the vast majority of IgA+ cells in the neonate also bear IgM and IgD; the same holds true for IgG+ cells. This phenotype is peculiar of newborns, while in the adult the majority of IgA+ and IgG+ cells are single. We discuss the genetic implications of such a finding for heavy chain switching. PMID- 6802008 TI - Genetic regulation of antibody response to sheep red blood cells: linkage to H-2 complex. AB - The analysis of anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody production in the congenic resistant (CR) mouse strains A/J and A.BY, B10 and B10.A showed that the level of IgG antibodies after immunization with SRBC is controlled by a gene(s) localized in the H-2 complex. The use of h2,h4, and i5H-2 recombinant haplotypes allowed us to map this gene into a region proximally defined by subregion I-J and distally by region H-2G. The IgG antibody level is simultaneously under the influence of non-H-2 genes, of which those of the A/J strain origin determine the high IgG level and those of the B10 strain origin determine the low IgG level. Weights of spleens of the A/J and B10 mice before and after primary and secondary immunization with SRBC were compared. Before immunization, spleens of the A/J mice were approximately 10% lighter than those of the B10 mice (0.08 g vs 0.09 g). After the first immunization the spleen weights equalized (0=0.12 g). Four days after the second immunization the weight of the spleens of A/J mice increased by 312% (relative to the nonimmune state) while that of the B10 mice increased by only 74%. These findings indicate that the cell antigen-specific proliferation in spleens of A/J mice was considerably higher than that in spleens of B10 mice. PMID- 6802012 TI - Modification of the needle-catheter jejunostomy. AB - A new technique is described wherein a J-tipped Teflon-coated stainless steel guide wire is used to facilitate the insertion of a needle-catheter jejunostomy tube. The advantages of this technique are that the guide wire is threaded down the bowel much easier than the catheter itself and also that by using the guide wire in threading the catheter over it, the hub need not be amputated, thus reducing the need for additional material to affix or glue a hub onto the catheter after completion of the procedure. Once the technique is mastered, a needle-catheter jejunostomy can be inserted in this fashion in approximately 2 to 3 minutes, thus adding minimal morbidity in terms of operating time. Nutritional support can be started much earlier without the hazard of central venous catheter infection. PMID- 6802011 TI - Nonoperative conversion of tube gastrostomy to feeding jejunostomy. AB - Although esophageal reflux of gastrostomy feeds is an uncommon problem, severe pulmonary complications can arise. If implementation in an upright position and use of continuous infusion does not prevent reflux, an alternative method of providing adequate nutrition must be used. This nonoperative technique of converting a tube gastrostomy to a feeding jejunostomy is simple to perform, atraumatic and extremely useful. PMID- 6802010 TI - An easy method for passing fine silicone nasogastric tubes. PMID- 6802009 TI - Gastric blood flow, tissue gas tension and microvascular changes during hemorrhage-induced stress ulceration in the pig. AB - Various features of blood supply to the gastric mucosa were studied in the piglet stomach during stress ulceration induced by hemorrhagic shock. Gastric blood flow, as measured by the radioactive microsphere technique, significantly decreased during shock, but no major change occurred in the gastric function of total cardiac output. There was no difference in the magnitude of the decrease of mucosal blood flow between the nonulcerating antral mucosa and the more readily ulcerating corpus or fundic mucosa. At the same time, a significant decrease in tissue partial pressure of oxygen and increase in tissue partial pressure of carbon dioxide occurred, but again no difference was observed between the antrum and the corpus. Microangiographic studies demonstrated a clearly diminished filling of the arterial and capillary bed of the gastric mucosa during shock, suggesting intense vasoconstriction, thrombosis of the mucosal blood vessels, or both. These changes were more prominent in the corpus portion of the stomach than in the antrum. At the site of mucosal lesions, the filling defects persisted even after the shock, suggesting permanent thrombosis of the blood vessels. PMID- 6802013 TI - Permanent right atrial catheter insertion. AB - Permanent Silastic catheters allow the establishment of chronic venous access in persons requiring nutritional support by vein as well as patients who require long-term intravenous chemotherapy. A technique is described for successful venous cannulation without crossing the clavicle. This approach guarantees the establishment of venous access in patients in whom the subclavian vein has been demonstrated to be patent. It is within the scope of any surgeon who operates in the axilla. PMID- 6802014 TI - [Quantitative method of microbiological diagnosis of intrauterine infection]. PMID- 6802015 TI - [Secondary amenorrhea in girls after body weight loss]. PMID- 6802016 TI - [Characteristics of acute ascending gonorrhea in women]. PMID- 6802017 TI - Friend or foe? The biological discrimination. PMID- 6802018 TI - [Combined use of dihydralazine and nitroglycerin during and after cardiac surgery (author's transl)]. AB - The haemodynamic effect of combined intravenous administration of 18 mg/h dihydralazine and 0.6 mg/h nitroglycerine was examined in the intraoperative and postoperative phases of cardiac surgery (replacement of the aortic and mitral valve or of both valves, and aortocoronary bypass surgery(. Indication for therapy was supplied by a preoperative cardiac index below 2.8 l/min . m2 and an enhanced peripheral resistance above 1200 dyne . sec . cm-5. During a 19-hour observation period the haemodynamic parameters such as cardiac index (+36%) and stroke index (+19%) increased significantly within the investigated group, whereas the peripheral vascular resistance dropped by 16% and the left atrial pressure by 20%. Arterial mean pressure and heart rate did not change. In a patient group treated exclusively with nitroglycerin, the cardiac index decreased (-8%), while the peripheral vascular resistance increased (+6%); an untreated control group showed an increase of the cardiac index by 5%, whereas there was no appreciable change in peripheral vascular resistance and stroke index. The combined use of dihydralazine and nitroglycerin during the perioperative phase of cardiac surgery appears recommendable, since it is possible by such administration to monitor cardiac preload and afterload due to selectivity of the pharmacological sites of action. PMID- 6802019 TI - [The influence of buprenorphine and tramadol on the postoperative CO2 response after general anaesthesia (author's transl)]. AB - The degree of respiratory depression caused by buprenorphine and tramadol were studied in two groups of 25 patients each by means of Read's re-breathing technique. The estimations were made during the immediate postoperative stage in order to include potential residual effects of the general anaesthesia. The slope of the CO2 curve as a measure of respiratory depression decreased by 27 per cent after administration of 0.3 mg of buprenorphine, a reduction which equals that produced by potent morphine-type analgesics. The response to 50 mg of tramadol was a non-significant decrease by 3 per cent. At doses mentioned buprenorphine produced reliable pain relief, whereas with tramadol the failure rate was 28 per cent. There was no difference between the two drugs in respect of circulatory reactions and side-effects. Despite its depressing effect on the respiration (an action it shares with all potent analgesics) buprenorphine is a very useful analgesic because it provides excellent pain relief, has no or only minimal addictive properties and is not subject to the Dangerous Drugs Act. PMID- 6802020 TI - A procedure for the simultaneous determination of small quantities of hyaluronate and isomeric chondroitin sulfates by chondroitinases. PMID- 6802021 TI - Enzymatic methods for the determination of L-serine concentration and L [14C]serine specific radioactivity in blood plasma. PMID- 6802022 TI - Determination of proteolytic activity: a sensitive and simple assay utilizing substrate adsorbed to a plastic surface and radial diffusion in gel. PMID- 6802023 TI - A method for determining tissue sulfate. PMID- 6802024 TI - Measurement of proteinase B activity in crude yeast extracts: a novel procedure of activation using pepsin. PMID- 6802025 TI - Analysis of cyclopropenoid fatty acids by Raman spectroscopy. PMID- 6802027 TI - Intrapulmonary shunting during induced hypotension. AB - The effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitroglycerin (TNG) on pulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt) in 14 consenting adults [nine with normal lung function and five with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] was studied under general anesthesia. Qs/Qt significantly increased (p less than 0.005) from 5.19% to 8.81%, whereas pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) decreased from 18.5 to 8 torr (p less than 0.005) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) decreased from 235 to 147.75 dynes . sec/cm5 (p less than 0.025) when SNP was administered to patients with normal lung function. Nitroglycerin increased Qs/Qt from 5.13% to 6.19% (p less than 0.005), whereas PAP decreased from 18 to 10 torr (p less than 0.005) and PVR decreased from 237 to 162.6 dynes . sec/cm5 (p less than 0.025) in these patients. In patients with COPD, SNP and TNG produced no significant changes in Qs/Qt, PAP, or PVR. Cardiac output remained unchanged in both groups of patients. Various mechanisms to explain these results can be postulated. When hypotension is induced in patients with normal pulmonary function. PAP decreases and the effect of gravity puts more blood through dependent areas where most of the shunt units are. In patients with COPD, destructive vascular changes increase PAP, preventing vasodilators from decreasing PVR. In addition, dilation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (if present) by SNP and TNG will occur independent of the two previously mentioned mechanisms. These results provide evidence that SNP- and TNG-induced hypotension may cause significant impairment in pulmonary gas exchange in patient with normal lung function. In patients with COPD pulmonary gas exchange is not affected after deliberate hypotension with SNP or TNG. PMID- 6802028 TI - Arterial and venous dilation by nitroprusside and nitroglycerin--is there a difference? AB - Whole-body arterial and venous dilating properties of nitroprusside and nitroglycerin were compared with each other in 20 adult patients during cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass or valvular heart surgery and were compared with simultaneous forearm vascular measurements. Nitroprusside was found to be a more effective whole-body arterial vasodilator and nitroglycerin a better whole-body venous vasodilator when each drug was infused at rates of 1.5 and 2.0 microgram/kg/min. No difference in whole-body vasodilation between the two drugs was found at 1.0 microgram/kg/min. Forearm plethysmography did not distinguish between the two drugs at any dose level. PMID- 6802029 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of abrupt withdrawal of nitroprusside or nitroglycerin following induced hypotension. PMID- 6802026 TI - Pituitary gonadal function in diabetic male patients with and without impotence. AB - Assessment of pituitary function was undertaken in diabetic male patients with and without impotence, and in normal subjects, using a combined gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) test. Basal plasma levels of testosterone, gonadotropins, PRL and TSH were similar in the diabetic patients and controls. Following the administration of I.V. GnRH 150 microgram and TRH 500 microgram, diabetic patients with impotence demonstrated a lower LH response at 30 and 150 minutes and an increased PRL response at 20 minutes, which was statistically significant when compared to controls. FSH and TSH were similar in the diabetic patients and controls. The GnRH and TRH test was repeated in impotent diabetic patients while receiving 0.8-1 mU/kg/hr of insulin through an infusion pump. No difference in LH and PRL response could be demonstrated. These results demonstrate that following GnRH and TRH test, diabetic patients with impotence have a significantly different LH and PRL response than controls. In these patients acute control of hyperglycemia using an insulin infusion pump did not reverse the abnormal response. PMID- 6802030 TI - Anesthetic induction with alfentanil: a new short-acting narcotic analgesic. PMID- 6802032 TI - Nitrous oxide challenge for detection of residual intravascular pulmonary gas following venous air embolism. PMID- 6802031 TI - Jet pulse characteristics for high-frequency jet ventilation in dogs. PMID- 6802033 TI - Continuous and simultaneous on-line measurements of VO2 and VCO2 during endotracheal anesthesia. AB - A single method was developed for the continuous measurement of oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2) during endotracheal anesthesia. The total vented flow from a Bain circuit was measured during anesthesia in 28 adult patients and was found to attain at least 97% of a 6-L/min fresh gas inflow (FGI). Therefore, the circuit overflow was assumed to approximate the FGI. Total volume of vented oxygen was calculated by multiplying FGI by oxygen concentration in the vented (mixed expired) gas. VO2 was assessed as the difference between the oxygen volumes entering and leaving the circuit. VCO2 was derived from the product of FGI and mixed expired CO2 concentration. VO2 measured on the Bain circuit correlated with measurements made on a non-breathing circuit (n = 60 pairs, r = 0.99). A good correlation was also found between VCO2 obtained on both circuits (n = 60 pairs, r = 0.99). PMID- 6802034 TI - The effect of acute phencyclidine administration on cyclopropane requirement (MAC) in rats. AB - The effect of acute administration of phencyclidine (PCP) on the anesthetic requirement (MAC) was studied in rats. Rats were anesthetized with cyclopropane and MAC determinations were made by the tail-clamp technique. PCP, 2 or 4 mg/kg, subcutaneously, produced a 32 and 42 per cent decrease, respectively, in cyclopropane MAC. The PCP-induced decrease in MAC was not altered by naloxone treatment indicating that an interaction of PCP with opiate mechanisms is unlikely. Central monoamine depletion with reserpine decreased cyclopropane MAC by 20 per cent. In these monoamine-depleted rats, 4 mg/kg PCP produced a further reduction in MAC of 22 per cent. In rats almost totally depleted of catecholamines by pretreatment with reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, a marked (43 per cent) decrease in MAC was observed. The administration of 2 mg/kg PCP, in these catecholamine-depleted rats produced an additional 10 per cent decrease in MAC for a total reduction in MAC of 53 per cent. The effect of PCP in the monoamine- and catecholamine-depleted rats indicates that while an effect on central monoamines may play a part in the mechanism of action of PCP, it is not the sole mode of action of the drug. In patients intoxicated with PCP there is a significant potential for anesthetic overdose as their anesthetic requirement may be much less than would be expected in the nonintoxicated state. PMID- 6802035 TI - Respiratory effects of nitrous during enflurane anesthesia in humans. AB - The authors measured resting ventilation, the ventilatory response to added CO2, the VD/VT ratio, the rate of carbon dioxide output, and arterial PCO2 in four healthy volunteers, awake and anesthetized with, in order (I) enflurane 0.4 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent, (II) enflurane 1.1 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent, and (III) enflurane 1.1 MAC alone. Enflurane 1.1 MAC reduced ventilation and the response to added CO2 markedly, increased the VD/VT radio, reduced rate of CO2 output, and elevated values of PaCO2 from 41 +/- 1 to 65 +/- 3 mmHg (mean +/- SEM). Enflurane 1.1 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent had similar effects. Enflurane 1.1 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent had similar effects. Enflurane 0.4 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent caused much smaller changes in each measured respiratory variable, increasing PaCO2 values to only 49 +/- 1 mmHg. The results indicate that enflurane 1.1 MAC alone is too potent a depressant of alveolar ventilation to permit spontaneous breathing, but that the "equi anesthetic" enflurane 0.4 MAC with nitrous oxide 70 per cent may not be. The magnitude of the beneficial respiratory effects of substituting nitrous oxide for an equivalent amount of vapor is substantially greater with enflurane than with either halothane or isoflurane. PMID- 6802036 TI - [Use of vasodilator agents in the treatment of cardiac insufficiency in cardiosurgical patients]. PMID- 6802037 TI - [Effect of partial parenteral feeding in the postoperative period on the cortisol concentration of the blood plasma]. PMID- 6802038 TI - Intracoronary nitroglycerin reversal of life-threatening ergonovine maleate induced coronary artery spasm. AB - Ergonovine maleate was given to a patient suspected as a case of Prinzmetal's variant angina following demonstration of normal coronary arteries by angiography. Profound shock, heart block, and severe pain accompanied marked spasm of the left coronary artery. Direct infusion of nitroglycerin into the left coronary artery reversed the spasm when sublingual and intraaortic nitroglycerin failed to prevent further hemodynamic and clinical deterioration. PMID- 6802039 TI - Active E rosette-forming cells in children with asthma and other atopic disease. PMID- 6802040 TI - Use of serum theophylline determinations during acute asthma therapy in children. AB - Analyses of 90 admissions to the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, were used to assess the effects of the routine availability of serum theophylline determinations (STD) in treating acute in-hospital asthma over three one-year review periods coinciding with the relative availability of STD. Significant differences were found between the first and third periods for the mean outpatient theophylline dose used on admission, the mean initial in-hospital intravenous dose, the mean initial oral dose during admission and the mean oral discharge dose. No statistical differences were noted in the length of hospital stay, duration of intravenous therapy or report of theophylline toxicity (despite the use of larger theophylline doses). Utilization of STD must be guided by cost effective pharmacokinetic principles. PMID- 6802043 TI - Glutaraldehyde-treated carrier erythrocytes for organ targeting of methotrexate in dogs. AB - Chemotherapeutic doses of methotrexate (MTX) were encapsulated in as little as 1 ml of canine carrier erythrocytes. Carrier erythrocytes prepared by a dialysis technique contained more than 3.0 mg of MTX/ml of cells. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that most of the drug leaked from the circulating MTX-loaded erythrocytes. In dogs, glutaraldehyde treatment of MTX-loaded erythrocytes prevented drug leakage and targeted more than 50% of the drug to the liver. PMID- 6802042 TI - Brucella abortus vaccines: comparison of protection provided by immunopotentiated 45/20 bacterins and live strain 19 vaccine in guinea pigs. AB - Guinea pigs were subcutaneously inoculated with 300 microgram of Brucella abortus strain 45/20 killed cells combined in 1% oil emulsion with trehalose dimycolate (TDM), muramyl dipeptide (MDP), or a combination of the 2 immunopotentiators. Protection, as determined by splenic infections in the guinea pigs after challenge exposure, was compared with that induced by strain 19 vaccine. With few exceptions, protection induced by bacterins containing 50 to 1,000 microgram of TDM or TDM-MDP/dose was comparable with that of strain 19 vaccine (P greater than 0.05). Bacterins that contained MDP as an adjuvant were inferior to those with TDM regardless of the excipient or method of preparation. There was no further enhancement of immunogenicity by the addition of MDP to bacterins that already contained TDM. Mineral oil could not be replaced by a metabolizable excipient in bacterins potentiated with TDM. PMID- 6802041 TI - Jejuno-jejunal intussusception in a hemophiliac: a case report. AB - Reported is a case of jejuno-jejunal intussusception with an intramural hematoma as a lead point, occurring in a hemophiliac after blunt trauma to the abdomen. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, the jejunal hematoma was evacuated, and the intussusception was reduced. No similar case was found in the literature. PMID- 6802044 TI - Inhibitory effects of combinations of oxytetracycline, dimethyl sulfoxide, and EDTA-tromethamine on Escherichia coli. AB - Antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline (OTC) and EDTA-tromethamine. Inhibitory effects were not observed using combinations of dimethyl sulfoxide and OTC or dimethyl sulfoxide and EDTA-tromethamine. Neither EDTA-tromethamine nor OTC used alone was capable of the same degree of inhibition. Using a 2 dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, the inhibitory activity of these combinations was studied and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of OTC and EDTA-tromethamine. Kinetic studies of microbial death, using subminimal inhibitory concentrations of these agents, confirmed these findings. PMID- 6802045 TI - Reduction in pulmonary hypertension by prostaglandin E1 in decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Prostaglandin E1 (PgE1) was administered intravenously to 26 patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in order to investigate the effects on hemodynamics and blood gases of a reduction in pulmonary hypertension in this condition. In the first 10 patients, PgE1 at 0.02 microgram/kg/min decreased pulmonary and systemic pressures, respectively, by 20 and 7%, increased cardiac index (CI) and oxygen delivery to the tissues (TO2), and did not affect blood gases. In the next 9 patients, PgE1 at 0.04 microgram/kg/min decreased pulmonary and systemic pressures, respectively, by 24 and 14%, increased CI and TO2, slightly decreased arterial oxygenation, and did not affect mixed venous blood gases. Side effects, consisting in facial flush, headache, and malaise occurred in 4 of these patients. In the last 7 patients who were artificially ventilated, PgE1 at 0.02 microgram/kg/min increased CI and TO2 but had no effect on vascular pressures and blood gases. Prostaglandin E1 was also given intravenously to 7 healthy subjects breathing 12.5% O2 in N2 for 10 min. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was not inhibited by PgE1, even at the highest dosage of 0.04 microgram/kg/min, which caused a flush of the skin, headache, and malaise in all the subjects. Infusion of PgE1 reduces the pulmonary hypertension secondary to decompensated COPD. At adequate dosage, this effect can be obtained with minimal systemic vasodilation and no alteration in the gas exchange function of the lungs, which may be due to preservation of pulmonary vascular tone adaptation to hypoxia. The vasodilating activity fo PgE1 appears to be blunted during artificial ventilation. PMID- 6802046 TI - Increased recovery of Aspergillus flavus from respiratory specimens during hospital construction. AB - An increase in the recovery of Aspergillus flavus from respiratory specimens occurred among hospitalized patients during a several-month period in 1977. Notably, 86% of the patients with positive culture results were located in an older hospital section adjacent to a building construction site that created great amounts of dust in the hospital's vicinity. Airborne contamination was suspected and results of air sampling showed A. flavus in 80% of old wing patient rooms (average, 8 A. flavus/positive room) compared with only 23% of the contiguous newer wing patient rooms (average, 1 A. flavus/positive room). Inspection of the main mechanical ventilation units in the two hospital sections disclosed numerous defects in the unit in the old wing and a properly functioning unit in the new wing. After repairing the defective unit, a significant reduction in the recovery of A. flavus from clinical and environmental specimens was noted. PMID- 6802047 TI - Bacteremic W-135 meningococcal pneumonia. AB - Two epidemiologically unrelated cases of bacteremic meningococcal pneumonia are reported. Both patients were civilians without antecedent viral illness. The organism involved was Neisseria meningitidis, Group W-135, a serogroup of rapidly increasing importance in the United States. The difficulties in diagnosis and scope of meningococcal pneumonia are discussed. PMID- 6802048 TI - Hazel elephant redux. PMID- 6802050 TI - Pathogenesis of respiratory insufficiency in myotonic dystrophy: the mechanical factors. AB - We have previously shown that the chemosensitivity of the respiratory centers is well preserved in myotonic dystrophy but that the ventilatory output is reduced. The present study was designed to determine at which degree of ventilatory performance weakness and fatigability of the respiratory muscles are interfering with ventilation and which mechanical factors contribute to the tachypnea of patients with myotonic dystrophy at rest and during low ventilatory output. We studied 10 patients with the disease and 10 normal control subjects. The strength of respiratory muscles was assessed by measurements of maximal pressure-volume diagrams generated against airway occlusion. Performance was evaluated during 1 min maximal voluntary ventilation (1-min MVV) test, during 7-min 7% CO2 breathing and during quiet breathing. Occlusion pressure (P0.1) in patients at rest was slightly higher than in control subjects, and during CO2 breathing, it was similar to that of control subjects. Maximal static pressure was reduced in patients to an average of 35% of that of control subjects. During the 1-min MVV test, there was a 50% reduction in esophageal and transdiaphragmatic pressure output (Pes, Pdi) in patients, resulting in similar reduction in ventilation (VE) and patients had rapid cycles of alternating dominant thoracic and abdominal volume displacements (Vrc/Vabd) suggesting respiratory muscle fatigue. During the 3- to 4-fold increase in breathing drive induced by hypercapnia, pressure output and the Vrc/Vabd were identical in both groups. However, ventilation was reduced in patients who had tachypneic respiration. In patients, tachypnea was also observed during quiet breathing. This tachypnea was associated with higher impedance of the respiratory system (Zrs) in patients and identical impedance of the lung (ZL) in both groups. In addition, Pdi during tidal volume was significantly higher in patients. These data demonstrate that the ventilatory output in out patients was altered predominantly by weakness and fatigability of the respiratory muscles during high ventilatory performance and by increased impedance of the respiratory system at lower degrees of ventilation. PMID- 6802049 TI - Pulmonary ventilation and blood gas values in emphysematous hamsters. AB - Emphysema is known to progress in severity during the year after its induction by pancreatic elastase. A barometric chamber and indwelling aortic cannulas were used to evaluate the effects of worsening emphysema on pulmonary ventilation and arterial blood gases. Unanesthetized, unrestrained hamsters were studied 1, 5, and 13 months after panlobular emphysema was induced by intratracheal injection of porcine pancreatic elastase (0.2 mg in 0.5 ml of 0.15 M NaCl solution/100 g body weight). Lung volumes were subsequently measured in the anesthetized animals and the lungs were examined histologically and stereologically. The pattern of breathing in the 1-month emphysematous hamsters (n = 12) wsa the same as that of untreated control animals (n = 28) but the 5-month (n = 7) and 13-month (n = 6) animals breathed more deeply and slowly; there were no changes in mean inspiratory flow rate of proportion of time per breath occupied by inspiration. The PaO2 for all elastase-treated groups was significantly lower than the control but hypoxemia did not progress significantly with advancing age of the animals. The hematocrit was elevated for the 1-month and 5-month treated animals but not for the 13-month emphysematous animals. The arterial pH and PaCO2 values were not significantly different from control values in any of the three groups of emphysematous animals. We conclude that as hamsters with emphysema age their breathing becomes slower and deeper, that hypoxemia is present from 1 month onwards and does not progress and that hypercapnia is not found at any time. PMID- 6802051 TI - [Congenital bladder diverticula in children (author's transl)]. AB - 13 cases of congenital, non-obstructive bladder diverticula, 6 hiatal diverticula with vesicoureteral reflux and 7 parahiatal diverticula without reflux, are presented. Only protrusions of 2 cm. or more were considered for this study. The patients were boys from 7 m. to 12 yrs. old. All the diverticula were diagnosed by cystography or voiding cystourethrography. The surgical procedure was diverticulectomy in 7 cases and diverticulectomy associated with ureteroneocystostomy in 8 cases. PMID- 6802053 TI - [Cerebrovascular accident presenting as continuous partial epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Epileptic seizures due to cerebrovascular accidents are relative rare and only very exceptionally occur in the form of Kojewnikoff's continuous partial epilepsy. A 75-year-old man developed myoclonic spasms, limited to the face, following a left posterior cerebral ischaemic accident. The authors discuss the relationship between epilepsy and cerebrovascular accidents, and differentiate post-ischaemic epilepsy of deferred onset from epilepsy occurring simultaneously with a vascular accident, the latter sometimes presenting as fits. The relationship between myoclonic spasms and Kojewnikoff's continuous partial epilepsy are also discussed. PMID- 6802052 TI - Thyroid function tests in patients with acute and resolved hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Serum thyroid hormones and thyroid hormone binding were sequentially measured in 20 patients with acute hepatitis B infection. Criteria to select patients consisted of a positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen, aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT) concentration greater than 400 U/L during the acute illness, and available serum specimens after recovery. The mean serum thyroxine (T4) concentration (+/- SE) was 12.5 +/- 0.6 microgram/dL during acute infection and 7.4 +/- 0.3 microgram/dL after recovery (p less than 0.001), whereas mean free T4 index values did not significantly differ. The mean serum thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) concentration was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) during acute illness and accounted for the reversible of serum and the increased serum T4 concentrations. The rise in serum TBG correlated with the rise in AsAT during the acute illness (p less than 0.04) suggesting nonspecific release of these proteins from injured hepatocytes. The mean free triiodothyronine (T3) index was decreased during acute hepatitis (p less than 0.001) and returned to normal after recovery, indicating that acute hepatitis B infection, like other nonthyroidal illnesses, is associated with decreased T4 to T3 conversion in peripheral tissues. PMID- 6802054 TI - [Recent advances in hormonal detection of pituitary somatotropic adenomas (author's transl)]. AB - The primary role of either the hypothalamus or pituitary in the origin of acromegaly has still to be determined, but some interesting progress has been made in the hormonal detection of pituitary somatotropic adenomas over recent years. The most valid explorations remain assays of basal GH and somatomedin levels, and the absence of blocking of GH by glucose. Abnormal and/or paradoxical responses to certain dynamic tests are seen with variable frequency: stimulation of GH by TRH (62.9 p. cent), or by LH-RH (35.9 p. cent), and bromocriptive blocking (70.8 p. cent). These findings could be of diagnostic value in the rare cases when the results of biological tests are inconclusive (basal GH levels normal, apparent persistence of the GH nycterohemeral cycle, or even blocking of GM by glucose). Other tests of stimulation or blocking proposed for the investigation of acromegaly are reviewed, but these are non-specific, non reproducible, and give unreliable results. PMID- 6802055 TI - [Post-therapeutic hormonal surveillance of somatotropic adenoma]. PMID- 6802056 TI - Ocular abnormalities in deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11. PMID- 6802057 TI - A unique case of grand mal seizures after fluress. PMID- 6802058 TI - Dose response of intravenous mannitol on the human eye. AB - At a dose of 1 gm/kg body weight, intravenous mannitol caused a significant reduction in both intraocular pressure and anterior chamber depth in seven sitting, normal subjects. Intraocular pressure dropped from 15.3+/-4.6 to 11+/ 3.4 mm Hg and anterior chamber depth decreased from 3.18+/-.34 to 3.13+/-.34 mm Hg. Intravenous mannitol may lower intraocular pressure without reducing vitreous volume. PMID- 6802059 TI - [Macroglobulinemia (Waldenstrom) with specific cutaneous nodules (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present a case of Waldenstrom's disease in a 68-year-old woman. The only symptoms were several nodes on the leg. The pathological, and immunological finding showed the presence of lymphoplasmocytic cells in the middle dermis; there was a positive reaction with the anti-IgM serum. Ultrastructural studies showed large cells with dilated reticulum and abnormal IgM globulin was found in the serum in large amounts. The rate of the others immunoglobulins was normal. There was a lymphoplasmocytic proliferation in the bone medullar. The specific cutaneous manifestation of the Waldenstrom's disease are 1) large "plaques" or/and 2) nodes. The pathological studie shows numerous lymphoplasmocytic or immunoblastic cells and sometimes the presence of an amorphous material which is the abnormal globulin. PMID- 6802060 TI - Anaesthesia for microsurgery of the larynx. AB - The anaesthetic requirements for microsurgery of the larynx are described and techniques in frequent use reviewed. A method involving the Coplans nasotracheal cuffed tube and using controlled ventilation is described and its advantages detailed. The illustrations and blood gas measurements support the authors' view that this technique is the most satisfactory at present available. PMID- 6802061 TI - Isolation of three Brucella abortus cell-wall antigens protective in murine experimental brucellosis. AB - The insoluble fraction, SDS-I, obtained by boiling cell-walls of Brucella abortus in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was hydrolyzed by lysozyme. Three major bands of apparent molecular weight 37000 (I), 25000 (II), 15000 (III) were isolated by gel slicing after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of SDS. The three bands were injected subcutaneously to mice using Freund incomplete adjuvant and immunity was tested one month later by intraperitoneal administration of a virulent strain of B. abortus. Fifteen days after challenge, numbers of viable brucella within the spleens were determined. The isolated bands, I, II and III were able to protect mice at a level corresponding to the killed whole-cells Brucella melitensis H38 reference vaccine. PMID- 6802062 TI - [Preoperative treatment of exophthalmic goiter with lithium carbonate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802063 TI - Assessment of optimal L-thyroxine replacement dose by the TRH test. AB - Two hundred patients taking varying L-thyroxine replacement doses were studied using a normal TRH test as the index of optimal replacement dose. The mean optimal dose was 141 microgram/day. Normal serum T3 and FT3I were found in most patients, whatever the TRH response, and they are probably too unspecific. Serum T4 and FT4I were elevated in many patients with a normal TRH response. A higher range for FT4I of 102-166, although only 66.5% accurate, gave the best index of optimal L-thyroxine replacement of the single in-vitro tests. PMID- 6802064 TI - Jewish populations of the world: genetic likeness and differences. AB - In six Jewish populations from Eastern, Central and Southern Europe, the Middle East, North Africa and Yemen, the frequencies of 30 genes from 13 loci were determined. The calculation of genetic distances between these populations as well as a cluster analysis were done. The gene frequencies of these six populations were computed together with those of 19 other Jewish populations of diverse countries described in the literature. Of the 19 populations, 22 alleles from 10 loci were checked. Gene frequencies in autochthonous, non-Jewish populations from these countries were also computed. All Jewish populations except Yemenites are concentrated in the same cluster, being closer one to another than to any of the non-Jewish groups. A similar picture is obtained when Jewish and non-Jewish populations from 19 countries are subjected to cluster analysis. The differences between the Jewish populations generally tend to bring them closer to the corresponding non-Jewish groups. The present data suggest that these differences cannot always be explained by admixture; other factors such as the effect of convergent adaptive processes must be considered. PMID- 6802065 TI - T. M. Sonneborn: an interpretation. PMID- 6802067 TI - The conceptualization of power. PMID- 6802066 TI - Drosophila genome organization: conserved and dynamic aspects. PMID- 6802068 TI - A framework for analyzing the role of the nurse practitioner. PMID- 6802069 TI - Job stress and its consequences on a group of intensive care and nonintensive care nurses. PMID- 6802070 TI - Nursing documentation: a model for a computerized data base. PMID- 6802071 TI - Nursing models: a requisite for professional accountability. PMID- 6802072 TI - The decision-making process in surgery for stroke prevention. PMID- 6802073 TI - Prevention: implications for nursing research. PMID- 6802074 TI - Nutritional assessment before surgery. PMID- 6802075 TI - Albinism and amelanotic melanoma: occurrence in a child with positive test results for tyrosinase. PMID- 6802076 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors in congenital chloride diarrhoea. PMID- 6802077 TI - Febrile convulsions: intellectual progress in relation to anticonvulsant therapy and to recurrence of fits. PMID- 6802078 TI - Adverse effects of nasogastric feeding tubes and the management of recurrent apnoea. PMID- 6802079 TI - Another hazard of gold therapy? AB - A patient with seropositive rheumatoid developed a bullous eruption localised to the jewellery areas 12 hours after a test dose of sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin). Investigation showed that she was allergic to nickel rather than gold. Small quantities of nickel were found in the Myocrisin solution after a short contact with a metal needle, suggesting an explanation for the reaction. PMID- 6802080 TI - Interim observations on benefit/risk of azathioprine versus D-penicillamine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6802081 TI - Side-effects of azathioprine treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of 10 years of experience. AB - Our experience with azathioprine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis covers ten years, during which 91 rheumatoid patients (66 female and 25 male) received this drug, with a median treatment period of 36 months. Total follow-up experience, during and after treatment, was 399 person years. Twelve patients died. The principal causes of death were malignant neoplasm (six patients) and cardiovascular diseases (three patients). The mortality in our patients was compared to that of the general Dutch population by the Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR). In the male patient group a significant excess of both total mortality and mortality from malignancy was observed. The female patients showed no differences from the general population. In this follow-up study, no lymphoreticular tumours occurred during or after azathioprine therapy. PMID- 6802082 TI - Compliance and long-term effect of azathioprine in 65 rheumatoid arthritis cases. AB - Azathioprine has been used in our unit as a third line disease modifying drug (DMD) since 1969. In 65 patients with severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), [45 females and 20 males, mean age 55.2 years (32 to 76), mean duration of disease 14 years (1 to 41)], azathioprine was given in an average dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight/day for a mean duration of 33.4 months (range 1 to 108). The mean follow up was five years. One hundred and eighty-four patient years of treatment with azathioprine were observed. After three months' treatment, significant subjective and objective improvement was observed in 65% of the cases. This improvement remained in 29 cases who received continuous treatment for two years. In 12 of the 20 seropositive RA cases, a reduction of at least three dilutions in the rheumatoid factor titre was noted. In the 24 patients who were corticosteroid dependent, the dosage of steroids could be reduced by 35% and in four steroids could be stopped completely. Compliance after two years (n = 54) was still 67%. Azathioprine treatment had to be stopped in 23 patients because of ineffectiveness in nine and adverse effects in 14. In three cases (4.6%) a malignant tumour occurred: one lymphoma and two adenocarcinomata. Low dose azathioprine therapy was shown to be useful as a third line disease modifying drug in RA without an increase in oncogenic risk. Compliance for azathioprine was found to be very satisfactory compared to other drugs. PMID- 6802083 TI - Differences among immunosuppressive agents. AB - Immunosuppressive agents have diverse (although often multiple) sites of action in the cell sequences that are involved in immune responses. New routes to selectivity are apparent at both the cellular and the biochemical level. Meanwhile, clinical work is finding new uses and more selective employment of the currently available agents. PMID- 6802084 TI - Thiopental modification of ischemic spinal cord injury in the dog. AB - Spinal cord ischemia was produced in male mongrel dogs by permanent occlusion of the infrarenal aorta. All animals were anesthetized with a mixture of nitrous oxide and 1.5% halothane. Group 1 animals were the controls. Group 2 animals were pretreated, 30 minutes prior to aortic occlusion, with sodium thiopental, 20 mg per kilogram of body weight, over 5 minutes, followed by an infusion of 10 mg/kg/hr for 2 1/2 hours. Groups 3 animals received the identical dose of sodium thiopental and, in addition, received mannitol, 1 gm/kg, and methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg. There were no differences in hemodynamic data or arterial blood gases among the groups, except that the thiopental bolus caused a transient reduction in mean arterial pressure. Ninety percent of Group 1 animals were paraplegic, while only 30% of Group 2 and 40% of Group 2 animals were paraplegic. The difference in the incidence of paraplegia in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1 was statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Therefore, thiopental significantly decreased the incidence of paraplegia, while methylprednisolone and mannitol did not enhance its protective effect. PMID- 6802085 TI - Comparative study of cefamandole versus ampicillin plus cloxacillin: prophylactic antibiotics in cardiac surgery. AB - A randomized, prospective study of the efficacy of cefamandole naftate versus a combination of ampicillin and cloxacillin was undertaken in 109 adult patients operated on in Leeds during 1979. Sixty patients underwent valve replacement, and 49 had either aortocoronary bypass grafts or other forms of open-heart operation. Teh two groups matched well in age, sex, and type of operation. One gram of either antibiotic was given intravenously during the induction of anesthesia and every 6 hours thereafter for 48 hours. Two additional grams of antibiotic were placed in the prime of the heart lung machine. The overall rate of infection was 7.5% for the entire series, with 1.7% for the group given cefamandole and 13.7% for the group given ampicillin plus cloxacillin (p less than 0.05). The only patient with infection in the former group (1.7%) had sternal wound involvement. Major sternal wound infection occurred in 3 (5.9%) patients in the latter group. All wound infections were caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In 2 of these patients (ampicillin plus cloxacillin group) the infection proceeded to endocarditis. Urinary and respiratory tract infections occurred in 1.9% and 5.9%, respectively, of patients given ampicillin plus cloxacillin. The duration of hospital stay was shorter in the cefamandole group. The results of this study demonstrated that cefamandole confers effective prophylaxis in cardiac operations. PMID- 6802086 TI - Calcium ionophore A23187 as a probe for freeze-fracture studies of membrane changes in the head of human spermatozoa. AB - The membranes of the head of human spermatozoa were examined after incubating the sperm with and without inophore A23187 and calcium ions, using freeze-fracture electron microscopy. After exposure to ionophore and calcium there was a remarkable rearrangement of the intramembraneous particles, especially in the plasma membrane. Buckling of the plasma membrane occurred prior to breaking away from the outer region of the sperm head. The outer acrosomal membrane bubbled and broke down to form vesicles, and blebbing of the inner acrosome membrane also occurred. The nuclear envelope degenerated and often displayed an undulating topography. PMID- 6802087 TI - Effect of neonatal androgenization on the LHRH response of dispersed pituitary cell cultures. AB - To determine if neonatal androgenization affects pituitary luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) response, female rats were androgenized 24-48 hr following birth. Intact male and female litter mates were maintained for comparison. At 83 days of age, randomly selected males and androgenized females were gonadectomized. At 90 days of age, pituitary cell cultures were begun. On day 3 the cells were challenged with LHRH. Gonadotropin response was determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Basal gonadotropin release from androgenized female cells was similar to male cells, while the pattern and magnitude of the LHRH response was similar to intact female cells. After castration, the pattern and magnitude of the LHRH response of the androgenized female pituitary was most like the male. Androgenized female cells exhibited mixed male and female LHRH response. PMID- 6802088 TI - Role of adrenal in control of gonadotropin secretion in the immature male rat. AB - A study was made of adrenal control of gonadotropin secretion during the prepubertal period. Male rats were adrenalectomized (ADX) or sham operated on day 26. The sensitivity of the hypothalamus/pituitary to the negative feedback effects of testosterone (T) was examined by simultaneously castrating the animals and implanting various size Silastic capsules filled with crystalline T. These animals were decapitated on day 30. Another group of immature rats was examined to determine pituitary sensitivity to luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). These rats were ADX on day 26 and injected intravenously with various doses of LHRH on day 30. ADX did not alter the negative feedback of T on luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion or the ability of the pituitary to release LH in response to LHRH. ADX appeared to lower the set point for follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion but not the ability of T to reduce FSH. Pituitaries of ADX rats released less FSH in response to LHRH than did controls. These results show the role of the adrenal in the control of FSH secretion in the prepubertal male rat. PMID- 6802089 TI - Stage dependent variation in Mn2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity in spermatids and FSH-sensitive AC in sertoli cells. AB - The variation of the specific Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC activity in spermatids and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-responsive AC activities in Sertoli cells in different stages (I-XIV) of the seminiferous epithelial cycle has been investigated. Maximal Mn2+-dependent AC activity was observed in stages II-III while minimal activity was encountered in stages VII-VIII (spermiation). FSH-responsive AC activity exhibited a pattern that coincided with that of the Mn2+-dependent AC. The stage-dependent variation in spermatid AC activity cannot be explained by altered numbers of haploid cells. This raises the question whether the Sertoli cells may regulate the spermatid AC activity. Sertoli cells in various stages are all exposed to the same concentration of circulatory hormones. Hence the stage-dependent difference in FSH-responsiveness indicates that local influences (from germ cells?) may regulate the response of the AC in Sertoli cells to FSH. PMID- 6802090 TI - [Ontogeny of cardiac antigens in chickens]. AB - The embryonic development of the heart is a complex process in which molecular events take place during the cellular recognition, growth regulation and morphogenesis. In this work, the stage in which cardiac antigens are produced in the chick embryo was established by the use of sera directed against cockerel's heart antigens. Chick embryos were studied in different stages of development, classified according to the Hamburger and Hamilton system. Soluble and insoluble fraction of the cockerel's heart were obtained and used to immunize rabbits; the presence of anti-heart antibodies was tested by double microimmunodiffusion. Antisera to yolk and albumin envelopment, serum and cockerel erythocytes were also produced in order to recognize other molecules in the embryos. Anticockerel red cells antibodies were determined by direct hemaglutination. It was shown that heart antigens appear since the second stage of embryonic development and remain during the whole development, although in some stages it seems that the concentration of some antigens decreases. It is possible that the molecular changes in the heart tissue are manifested as variations in concentration of the cardiac substances. PMID- 6802091 TI - [Angina pectoris with normal coronary arteries]. AB - Twelve patients 8 females and 4 males, whose ages varied from 33 to 60 years (median 50.6 years), were seen at the Hospital for Cardiology and Neurology of the Mexican Institute for Social Security. All were diagnosed as having angor pectoris, through the clinical history and physical exam. Three patients had stable angor and in nine it was of an unstable type. The resting ECG showed signs of subepicardial ischemia in five cases. In eight the stress ECG according to the Bruce technic showed depression of the ST segment over 1 mm. In one patient atrial stimulation was performed with a pacemaker and ischemic changes of the ST segment were normal in all cases; in two however, coronary spasm that reversed with nitroglycerin appeared. The left ventriculogram was normal in all but one that revealed diaphragmatic hypokinesia associated with right coronary spasm. All patients were followed from two to fifty six months (median 19.4), and only in one case the angor pectoris remained unchanged. In all others it decreased or disappeared. During this time there were no deaths, myocardial infarctions or severe arrhythmias. PMID- 6802092 TI - Effect of domperidone on prolactin (PRL)and thyrotrophin (TSH) secretion. AB - Domperidone, a novel dopamine receptor blocking substance, unable to cross the blood brain barrier, was tested in twenty euthyroid volunteers of both sexes and in seven women with autonomous nodular goiter. Oral administration of 20 mg domperidone was followed by marked increase in serum PRL in all subjects; the response, being significantly greater in women as compared to men, was maintained in patients with autonomous goiter. The PRL response after oral domperidone was significantly greater than after 200 micrograms TRH intravenously. The PRL response obtained with oral domperidone followed by 200 microgram TRH i.v. was similar to the response obtained with domperidone alone before TRH administration. In euthyroid men the TSH response to 200 microgram TRH administered intravenously 120 min after oral domperidone was significantly greater than in a control TRH test. The data of the present study suggest that dopamine blockade at pituitary (or median eminence) level is able to stimulate maximally the lactotrophs and emphasize the important role of the dopaminergic system in the interrelated regulation of TSH and PRL secretion at the pituitary level. PMID- 6802093 TI - Abnormal serum transaminase levels in patients with hemophilia A. AB - In a cooperative study of 1,332 hemophiliacs, the results of a variety of liver function tests were correlated with the intensity and type of exposure to plasma products. After three sets of measurements of six-month intervals, 72% of patients had at least one abnormal transaminase value and 21.1% and 23.6% of patients had persistently elevated SGOT and SGPT levels, respectively, on all three measurements. Patients who had received no factor VIII during the previous year had fewer abnormalities than treated patients. Only those treated patients who received less than 50 units of factor VIII per kilogram per six months had fewer transaminase abnormalities if they used cryoprecipitate than if they used concentrate, but these patient groups are not strictly comparable, in that the cryoprecipitate-treated group contained a higher proportion of patients with mild hemophilia than did the concentrate-treated group. PMID- 6802094 TI - Gynecomastia in men following antineoplastic therapy. AB - Six men had painful gynecomastia develop during or following the administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Alternative causes of gynecomastia were not delineated in any patient. Sharp increases in levels of plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were noted in five patients. Plasma testosterone concentrations were within or above the normal range in all five patients in whom they were determined. In three patients, plasma estradiol concentrations were modestly increased. One patient was studied prospectively: painful gynecomastia developed at a time when plasma FSH and LH levels were elevated, serum testosterone was decreasing from supranormal to low-normal concentrations, and plasma estradiol was rising to high levels. Plasma prolactin levels were increased in one of four patients in whom they were measured. The mechanisms leading to gynecomastia following cytotoxic chemotherapy were not defined. Damage to germinal epithelium and Leydig cells as well as changes in the peripheral metabolism of testosterone and estrogen may be important. Gynecomastia may occur following cytotoxic chemotherapy and does not necessarily represent current or progressive cancer. PMID- 6802095 TI - Phosphate therapy in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - To determine the efficacy of phosphate replacement in the therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 44 patients were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: those who received no phosphate replacement, those who received 15 mmole of sodium phosphate at the fourth hour, or those who received 15 mmole of sodium phosphate at 2, 6, and 10 hours. All patients were treated with intravenous insulin injection (0.1 units/kg/hr), fluids, and potassium. Four hours after a 15 mmole sodium phosphate infusion, the serum phosphate level was 2.8 +/- 0.8 mg/dL vs 2.1 +/- 0.8 mg/dL in the control patients; however, this dose was insufficient to maintain the serum phosphate level at 16 and 24 hours. Forty-five millimoles of phosphate prevented severe hypophosphatemia in all but one patient and produced substantially higher phosphate levels at 8, 16, and 24 hours. Phosphate therapy did not affect the duration of DKA, dose of insulin required to correct the acidosis, abnormal muscle enzyme levels, glucose disappearance, or morbidity and mortality. Although theoretically appealing, phosphate therapy is not an essential part of the therapy for DKA in most patients. PMID- 6802097 TI - Heterotopic bone formation in the scar of abdominal surgery. PMID- 6802098 TI - Chemical and biological evaluation of fifteen triticale cultivars. AB - Fifteen triticale cultivars were chemically analyzed and tested in a feeding trial with weanling rats. Chemical and performance data were statistically analyzed by regressions methods. It was observed that 21 day performance of rats was not correlated to any of several chemical parameters such as dietary lysine, chemical score or essential amino acid index. However, dietary lysine was highly correlated to average daily lysine consumed (r = 0.81) and the latter was correlated to average daily gain (r = 0.63). PMID- 6802096 TI - CSF infections complicating the management of neoplastic meningitis. Clinical features and results of therapy. AB - This study analyzes the clinical and bacteriologic features of CSF infections that occurred in patients with neoplastic meningitis treated with thiotepa and methotrexate administered through a subcutaneous reservoir and ventricular catheter (SRVC). Thirty-one patients were treated, and CSF infections occurred in four (13%). Staphylococcus epidermidis was the infecting organism in each case and Pseudomonas maltophilia occurred with S epidermidis in one patient. Fever, headache, lethargy, and evidence of CSF extravasation around the SRVC were the common manifestations of infection. The CSF leukocytosis was the only laboratory abnormality noted. All infections were cured with the appropriate antibiotics and removal of the SRVC. Risk of CSF infection did not seem to be related to the use of high doses of dexamethasone, cranial radiation therapy, or the presence or absence of leukopenia. The SRVCs were replaced and treatment of neoplastic meningitis was resumed in three patients; infection did not recur. A CSF infection during management of neoplastic meningitis may be treated effectively and does not preclude adequate therapy of neoplastic meningitis. PMID- 6802099 TI - [Oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide discharge (VCO2) in swine exposed to exhaustive physical stress]. PMID- 6802101 TI - Alzheimer's disease: a challenging enigma. AB - The gray matter of patients dying of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) displays severe histopathologic lesions, including neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic (senile) plaques, granulovacuolar degeneration, Hirano bodies, and loss of nerve cells. The differences between the changes seen in SDAT and those seen in normal aging of the brain are quantitative. Results of neurochemical studies suggest that cholinergic neurons are especially afflicted, but clinical trials administering choline precursors in patients' food hve thus far been unsuccessful. Theories of its cause include genetic predisposition, an exogenous toxin, and a slow (latent) viral agent. No fully satisfactory animal model exists for this disorder, so prospective clinicopathologic investigations using tissues harvested at the time of autopsy may help elucidate the pathogenesis of this, the most common form of organic dementia. PMID- 6802100 TI - Long-term pimozide pretreatment differentially affects behavioral responses to dextroamphetamine in schizophrenia. Further exploration of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. AB - In ten of 30 schizophrenic patients treated with pimozide for five weeks, 20 mg of dextroamphetamine sulfate induced an increase in psychosis. The number of patients becoming more psychotic with the dextroamphetamine challenge was not significantly different from the number who worsened after dextroamphetamine challenge when pretreated with placebo. Half of the patients who showed a psychotic response to dextroamphetamine during placebo pretreatment responded to dextroamphetamine with an increase in psychosis after pimozide treatment. Dextroamphetamine induced a worsening in patients who had improved with pimozide. The stability of the preinfusion condition is more important to the type of response to dextroamphetamine than long-term pretreatment with a dopamine receptor blocker. The activation-euphoria response to dextroamphetamine was unaffected by pimozide pretreatment, which suggests that the changes in psychosis and activation may be regulated by different mechanisms. These findings question the postulated relationship between the antipsychotic drug response and dopamine receptor blockade. PMID- 6802103 TI - [Inhibiting effect on PCA reaction due to BSA caused by allergic reactions by the common antigenic factor between Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802102 TI - Transmission efficiency of the sigma virus in natural populations of its host, Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A study of the viral samples collected in French natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster since 1969, indicates that natural populations include, as expected, both stabilized and non stabilized infected individuals. In agreement with previous observations made on other characters of the virus, the viral samples collected appear to be homogeneous for the efficiency of the hereditary transmission. However, this efficiency is greater than the average value observed with virus perpetuated in infected laboratory fly strains. One sample collected in Gabon and three in the U.S.A. appear to differ from the French samples for one at least of the traits studied in these experiments. PMID- 6802104 TI - [Methacholine hyperreactivity and DSCG treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802105 TI - Muscles of mastication as they relate to oral physiology. Part II-- Theoretical considerations in differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome. PMID- 6802106 TI - Hypercholesterolemia in ExHC rats and lipid-lowering drug: a screening method for new hypocholesterolemic agents. AB - The ExHC rat strain which was selected and bred from the Sprague-Dawley strain, develops severe hypercholesterolemia and is liable to aortic lipid deposition when the rats are fed an atherogenic diet. After only 4 days on the atherogenic diet, hypercholesterolemia was induced in these ExHC rats. Following a study of gel-filtration and SDS-disc electrophoresis, significant increases of broad-LDL (beta-VLDL) and of apo E and apo B were noted. On the other hand, plasma HDL and its major apolipoprotein, apo A-I, showed decreases. All these changes might be responsible for the future induction of aortic lipid deposition. A screening method for new hypocholesterolemic agents which takes advantage of these ExHC rat characteristics has been set up; it involves the evaluation of cholesterol lowering and HDL increasing effects by the determination of plasma cholesterol and by radioimmunoassay of apo A-I, respectively. Although clofibrate (100 mg/kg body weight) reduced plasma cholesterol levels significantly, there was no apo A I increasing effect. PMID- 6802107 TI - The effects of glibenclamide and insulin on plasma high density lipoprotein in diabetics. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of various types of treatment such as glibenclamide and insulin on plasma lipids and lipoprotein concentration in diabetics. Treatment of diabetes mellitus was reevaluated from the standpoint of high density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Twenty-one diabetic patients (6 men and 15 women) who have been admitted in the hospital and kept on Japanese standard diet for diabetes mellitus, have been studied. Changes of plasma lipoprotein in diabetic patients were followed up before and after treatment with glibenclamide or insulin. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were decreased and HDL was increased with insulin treatment. However, glibenclamide induced a significant decrease in HDL- cholesterol (Ch). Relationship between triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and HDL metabolism was studied. A significant negative correlation was found between pretreatment VLDL-TG and changes of VLDL-TG with insulin treatment, indicating an accelerated catabolism of VLDL-TG with possible increase of triglyceride lipases. There was a significant negative correlation between VLDL-TG and HDL-Ch before insulin treatment, but not after treatment. There was no negative correlation between changes of VLDL-TG and changes of HDL-Ch with insulin therapy. These results indicate that an increment of HDL with insulin treatment can not be explained solely by increased HDL formation from TG-rich lipoprotein and that insulin might increase synthesis and secretion of HDL in liver and/or intestine. PMID- 6802108 TI - [Features of the cytoarchitectonics of the hypothalamic nuclei in the goat]. AB - Series of cytoarchitectonic preparations have been studied in 12 cerebral hemispheres obtained from goats 19-35 kg of body mass, at the age of 2-3 years. The structure of the goat hypothalamic nuclei is similar to those in other animals. Nevertheless, quantitative-qualitative comparison has demonstrated that according to the developmental degree of the hypothalamic area, the goat brain occupies an intermediate position in the evolutional row, between the primates and the animals with lower organization. PMID- 6802109 TI - [Incidence of intrauterine infections caused by respiratory viruses and Myc. pneumoniae and the role of serological studies in their diagnosis]. AB - Examinations involved 40 stillborns and infants of up to 3 days of age using light and immunofluorescent (IF) microscopy, and the results obtained were compared with the data of clinical observations and serological examinations of the blood of infants and their mothers. The diagnostic titer of antibody determined by complement fixation and hemagglutination-inhibition tests was higher to respiratory viruses (1--4 in each baby) in 72.5% of babies and to M. pneumoniae in 17.5%. At a high antibody titer indicating a considerable duration of the disease, the results of IF studies were usually negative and the structural changes typical for individual infections of this group were insignificant or absent. This agrees with the results of previous studies of postnatally developing viral infections. At low antibody titres, in a number of cases the results of IF studies were positive and there were structural changes indicating a recent development of the disease. The possibility of antibody formation in fetuses was confirmed by selective studies of globulins in influenza A which proved to be M-globulins. PMID- 6802111 TI - [Different rates of recovery of normal FSH serum values in the puerperium]. PMID- 6802110 TI - Acute chemotic reaction to cromolyn. AB - Two cases of an acute chemotic reaction of the conjunctiva occurred after the topical administration of cromolyn sodium (cromoglycate disodium). The reaction was not serious for the health or life of the patient but it caused symptoms and signs that might have veen confused with the disease for which the patient was being treated. PMID- 6802112 TI - [Evaluation of the estrogen-prolactin positive feedback and ovarian sensitivity to treatment with gonadotropins in normo- and hyper-prolactinemic amenorrhea patients (preliminary note)]. PMID- 6802113 TI - [Treatment with immunodepressant drugs in neonatal hemolytic disease caused by Rh isoimmunization (preliminary note)]. PMID- 6802114 TI - [A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by materno-fetal isoimmunization against factor c(hr') (preliminary note)]. PMID- 6802115 TI - Aortic endothelial and smooth muscle histamine metabolism in experimental diabetes. AB - We studied histamine metabolism, i.e., histidine decarboxylase (HD)-mediated synthesis and histaminase-mediated catabolism, in relation to intracellular histamine content in both aortic endothelial and subjacent smooth muscle cells of control and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by a single jugular vein injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg in acidified saline, pH 4.5), and animals were held for either 2 or 4 weeks following overt manifestation of diabetes. An additional 4-week diabetic group received insulin (Iletin NPH, 10 U per 24 hour) during the last week. With respect to control values, the histamine content of aortic endothelial cells increased 138%, HD activity increased 250%, and histaminase activity decreased 50% over the 4-week period. In subjacent smooth muscle cells, the histamine content increased in excess of 150%, HD activity increased more than 300%, and histaminase activity decreased in excess of 30%. Insulin treatment for the last week resulted in complete reversal of all these changes. These results support the concept that a large vessel response similar to the microcirculatory prolonged phase of inflammation occurs in experimental diabetes, a change similar to that occurring in experimental atherosclerosis. They also indicate that both synthetic and catabolic changes occur in histamine metabolism under these conditions, changes that alter arterial wall histamine pools, and suggest that insulin administration under conditions of experimental diabetes may modulate aortic histamine metabolism and the resultant intraaortic histamine pools. PMID- 6802117 TI - Differentiating between organic and functional seizures: a common diagnostic problem. AB - The diagnosis of functional seizures is difficult and emotional factors may be important in the cause and triggering of seizures. This paper describes the evaluation to fo 15 patients with suspected functional seizures. PMID- 6802116 TI - Radioimmunoassay of apolipoprotein a-ii. AB - A double antibody radioimmunoassay was developed for apolipoprotein A-II (apo A II), one of the two major apoproteins of human high density lipoproteins (HDL). Apo A-II contains two identical polypeptide chains linked by a disulfide bond. A specific antiserum was raised in sheep. Tracer apo A-II was radiolabeled with 125I by the Bolton-Hunter technique. Reduction and carboxymethylation of apo A-II approximately doubled its immunoreactivity. Since normal sera were found to contain small amounts of monomeric apo A-II, this represented one potential source of error in the radioimmunoassay. Inclusion of 0.1 M sodium cholate in the assay system, however, led to identical immunoreactivity of dimeric apo A-II and the reduced and carboxymethylated protein. Radioimmunoassay using sheep anti-apo A-II detected 75% to 85% of the apo A-II contained in serum or HDL. Masked antigenic sites could be exposed by organic solvent extraction or, more simply, by dilution of serum samples in the buffer containing 0.1 M sodium cholate. Serum levels of apo A-II were measured in a population of consecutively and prospectively selected free-living subjects between 30 to 69 years of age. Levels were significantly (p less than 0.005) higher in females (n = 201; 42.0 +/- 10.3 mg/dl) than in males (n = 189; 39.0 +/- 8.4 mg/dl). Serum apo A-II levels correlated significantly with HDL-cholesterol levels but less strongly than apo A I, the other major HDL apoprotein. PMID- 6802118 TI - Cautionary tales from general practice. PMID- 6802119 TI - The effect of challenge with virulent Brucella abortus on beef cattle vaccinated as calves or adults with either Brucella abortus strain 19 or 45/20. AB - Groups of female calves were vaccinated subcutaneously with the standard dose of Brucella abortus strain 19 (S19) or with B. abortus 45/20 (S45/20). These calves and non-vaccinated control calves were mated at 15 months of age and challenged by way of the conjunctival sac with B. abortus strain 544 (S544). The incidence of abortion, stillbirths, weanling calves and healthy calves was observed after challenge and specimens were collected for culture at parturition and slaughter. Fifteen healthy calves were born to 18 animals vaccinated with S19, 12 were born to 18 animals vaccinated with S45/20 and 2 were born to 8 animals that were not vaccinated. B. abortus was isolated from 5 of the animals vaccinated with S19, 13 of the animals vaccinated with S45/20 and 9 of the 12 animals that were not vaccinated. Only one of the 5 infected animals vaccinated with S19 was vaccinated as an adult. PMID- 6802120 TI - Retardation of endochondral ossification at the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs. AB - Bilateral forelimb deformities associated with retained cartilage cores in the distal ulna were diagnosed in 8 immature giant breed dogs. Five of the dogs were autopsied. Histopathological examination of the distal ulnar growth plate revealed a localised central thickening due to the accumulation of hypertrophic chondrocytes which had failed to undergo the usual development to degeneration. Also the intercellular matrix septa of this cartilage were not calcified. Projections of the abnormal cartilage even persisted into the primary spongiosa. These abnormalities in the process of endochondral ossification of the growth plate produced the lesion of retained cartilage core which was responsible for the development of forelimb deformity. PMID- 6802121 TI - Increased susceptibility of bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) to Histomonas meleagridis after exposure. AB - Bobwhites given heterakid eggs but no Sevin became infected with cecal histomonads, but there was no pathological histomoniasis. Quail given 50 microgram of Sevin (10 microgram/day) behaved normally, but at necropsy they had slightly discolored livers. Quail given various doses of heterakid eggs and Sevin (Sevin increasing from 2.5 to 50 microgram) and those given various doses of heterakid eggs and 10 microgram/day of Sevin developed pathological histomoniasis and mortality rates of 36 and 63%, respectively. PMID- 6802122 TI - Studies of esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster. VII. Remating times of females inseminated by males having active or null alleles. AB - Esterase 6 (EST 6) in Drosophila melanogaster is a male reproductive enzyme transferred to females as a component of the seminal fluid [Richmond, R. C., Gilbert, D. G., Sheehan, K. B., Gromko, M. H., and Butterworth, F. W. (1980). Science 207:1483-1485]. Here we report investigation into the relation between EST 6 and remating by females. EST 6 activity in a strain selected for decreased time to remating is increased over control levels. Inseminated females remated to males carrying null or active alleles show no differences in the timing of remating, However, females inseminated by EST 6-active males remate significantly sooner than females inseminated by null males. Interrupted copulation experiments demonstrate that the remating effect is not due to EST 6 alone but requires other components of the ejaculate. Other evidence suggests that sperm stored in the ventral receptacle respond to EST 6 levels and control remating time. As the first mate of a female who will remate, null-EST 6 males have, under laboratory conditions, a significantly higher fitness than males carrying active alleles. Thus the absence of null alleles of EST 6 in natural populations presents a dilemma suggesting that the remating effect of EST 6 may be balanced by other effects on reproduction. PMID- 6802123 TI - Genetic and sensory aspects of mating success of phototactic strains of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In female choice experiments, Drosophila melanogaster males from a selected photonegative strain show a highly significant mating advantage over males from a photopositive strain. While photonegative behavior is sex linked in this species, the X chromosome is not involved in the mating advantage seen for this strain. The degree of the photonegative male advantage changes when tests are conducted with females mutant for olfaction and auditory perception but not when females are blind. PMID- 6802124 TI - Comparative acid phosphatase distribution in the suprarenal gland of Discoglossus pictus, Xenopus laevis and Bufo bufo (Anurans, Amphibia). AB - Acid phosphatase activity was found to have a similar distribution in the suprarenal glands of Discoglossus pictus, Xenopus laevis and Bufo Bufo (Anurans, Amphibia) as determined by light and electron histochemical localization. The enzymatic activity is localized in the lysosomes of both the interrenal cells and the chromaffin cells. It is, moreover, positive on the granule membranes of the adrenaline cells whereas it appears only occasionally on the granule membranes of the noradrenaline cells. Some precipitates can also be seen occasionally at the level of the Golgi membranes. PMID- 6802125 TI - Proteoglycan catabolism in pathological conditions. PMID- 6802126 TI - Generation of products by methanotrophs. PMID- 6802127 TI - Expression of a foreign procaryotic gene in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6802128 TI - [Possibilities of disinfection in coccidiosis (Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma, and Sarcocystis)]. PMID- 6802129 TI - Clinical and rheological studies in a patient with hyperviscosity syndrome due to Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6802130 TI - [Hemolytic disease of the newborn in monozygotic twins caused by anti-c alloantibodies of the rhesus system]. AB - The aloimunisation of the pregnant woman has been showed as hard form Morbus Haemolyticus Neonatorum (MHN) Newborn twins. Prematurely born twins - monoegged and their mother have compatible blood group of ABO system (A). CC-fenotype exchange transfusion was given to one child while the other received blood of cc fenotype later on, the both of them were given additional transfusion of CC fenotype of corresponding blood group ABO. Mother was given CC-fenotype blood transfusion. Certain difference was seen in the fostness of restituciones of the value of hematocrit in the fostness of value normalizations of bilirubin and in the presence of anti c antibodies in red cells and in the sera of sick twins. The comparisons of the MHN course are limited by the fact that Newborn twins have neither of the same level of imperillness during the term of birth, nor of same fisiological characteristics. Six weeks after being born and after clinical treatment, the children were found health and to domestic treatment. PMID- 6802132 TI - Terminal synthesis of xanthommatin in Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Enzymatic and nonenzymatic catalysis. AB - Nonenzymatic and enzymatic catalysis of the oxidation of 3-hydroxykynurenine (and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid) has been studied and characterized in Drosophila extracts, clearing up some of the confusion surrounding the synthesis of the brown eye pigment, xanthommatin. The genetic basis of the terminal steps in pigment synthesis remains obscure, since all mutants tested have full synthetase activity. PMID- 6802131 TI - Immunoglobulin gene expression in a coupled transcription/translation system from mouse plasmacytoma cell-free extracts. AB - Mouse plasmacytoma cytoplasmic extracts and sonicated nuclei have been incubated under conditions which resulted in translation and transcription, respectively. When the cell-free systems were combined, incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA and protein was enhanced and extended. Coupling of transcription and translation was indicted by the inhibition of protein synthesis, and specifically immunoglobulin synthesis, by actinomycin D and alpha-amanitin. When immunoglobulin synthesis was investigated in MOPC-104E cells Which contain both lambda and K mRNAs but secrete only lambda light chains, the extracts synthesized both K and Lambda light chains. These results indicated that the unexpressed MOPC 104E K mRNA could be translated on homologous ribosomes under the appropriate conditions and suggested that postranscriptional controls may play a role in k chain gene expression in MOPC-104E cells. PMID- 6802133 TI - The beta-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae. Mechanism of enzyme action. AB - 1. In the presence of a high concentration of p-nitrophenyl beta-D glucopyranoside (donor) the rates of production of p-nitrophenol and a transglucosylation product (1-glyceryl beta-D-glucopyranoside) increased, whereas the rate of production of glucose decreased with increasing concentration of glycerol in reactions catalysed by the high-molecular-weight beta-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) obtained from culture filtrates of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. 2. When [donor] greater than Km the rate of production of p-nitrophenol was higher in the presence of glycerol than in its absence, whereas when [donor] less than Km the rate of production of p nitrophenol was lower in the presence of glycerol than in its absence. 3. Glycerol increased both the Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax.), whereas dioxan increased Km but decreased Vmax. 4. Up to 1 mM-AgNO3 had no effect on enzyme activity. 5. A 2H-solvent-isotope-effect [Vmax. (H2O)/V max. (2H2O)] value of 1.40 +/- 0.05 was found at pH (or p2H) 5.8 6. alpha-2H-kinetic isotope effect (kappa H/kappa 2H) values of 1.03 +/- 0.01 and 1.05 +/- 0.01 were found in the absence and presence of glycerol respectively. 7. Although maltose was a non competitive inhibitor of beta-glucosidase activity, the ratio of velocity in the presence of glycerol to that in its absence increased, after an initial decline, with increasing concentration of maltose. 8. These results are discussed in terms of a mechanism involving a solvent-separated glucosyl cation-carboxylate ion pair, which has greater affinity for alcoholic glucosyl acceptors, and an intimate ion-pair, which has greater affinity for water as a glucosyl acceptor and which could collapse reversibly and rapidly into a preponderance of an unreactive covalent glucosyl-enzyme. PMID- 6802134 TI - Purification and properties of the methanol dehydrogenase from Methylophilus methylotrophus. AB - 1. A dye-linked methanol dehydrogenase, resembling many others from a variety of methylotrophic bacteria, was purified to homogeneity from extracts of methanol grown Methylophilus methylotrophus. 2. The enzyme was very stable in the presence of methanol; in the absence of methanol it had a half-life of 1-2 days at 4 degrees C. 3. The value of A1% 1cm,280 was 17.5. 4. The enzyme retained bound methanol after passage through Sephadex G-25. This tightly-bound methanol slowly exchanged with free [14C]-methanol from a value of 0.27 mol of [14C]methanol/mol of enzyme after 48 h incubation at 4 degrees C to a limiting value of approx. 2.5 mol of [14C]methanol/mol of enzyme after 3 weeks incubation at 4 degrees C. 5. One mol of this enzyme reduced 89.4 mol of 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (via phenazine methosulphate) in the absence of any additional methanol in the assay mixture. The source of the electrons involved in this reduction is not known. PMID- 6802135 TI - Processing of intermediates in multienzyme complexes. PMID- 6802136 TI - The effects of aldose reductase inhibitors on the metabolism of cultured monkey kidney epithelial cells. PMID- 6802138 TI - Sex-dependent differences in the effects of portacaval anastomosis on hepatic monooxygenases in rats. AB - Previous work revealed that portacaval anastomosis (PCA) in rats results in hepatic atrophy and marked decreases in components of the microsomal monooxygenase system such as cytochrome P-450. In the present study, the effects of PCA on hepatic monooxygenase activity were studied in more detail. We report that PCA, in general, produces effects resembling those of castration. Thus, in male rats, PCA depressed the activity of highly sex-dependent enzymes such as ethylmorphine and aminopyrine demethylases. Similar effects were produced by castration, and the combination of PCA and castration produced the same effect as either treatment alone. In male rats, non-sex-dependent enzymes such as aniline hydroxylase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were unaffected by either PCA or castration. By contrast, in female rats, neither PCA nor castration significantly affected microsomal monooxygenase activities. In male rats, PCA was accompanied by a 75% reduction in serum testosterone levels and a 6-fold increase in total estrogen levels. We conclude that these effects of PCA in male rats were due, in large measure, to a demasculinizing effect. PMID- 6802137 TI - Potent inhibition of diamine oxidase with the hydroxybenzyloxamines NSD-1039, NSD 1531 and NSD-1024. PMID- 6802139 TI - Structural analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine as substrates and inhibitors of 5' methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and as inhibitors of human lymphocyte transformation. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase was purified 13.4-fold from human peripheral lymphocytes. The enzyme demonstrated normal Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km values of 26 microM and 7.5 mM for the two substrates, MTA and phosphate, respectively. The rate of MTA degradation was temperature dependent, 47 degrees being the optimum temperature. Five structural analogs served as alternative substrates with Km values ranging from 31 to 53 microM while two compounds, 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthiotubercidin (MTT) (Ki = 31 microM) and adenine (Ki = 172 microM), were inhibitory. These same analogs were examined as inhibitors of mitogen-induced human lymphocyte blastogenesis. MTT was found to be the most effective inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation with an I50 of 80 microM. PMID- 6802140 TI - Activation of misonidazole by rat liver microsomes and purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. AB - Rat liver microsomes and purified NADPH-cytochrome c reductase metabolized [14C]misonidazole anaerobically to a reactive intermediate that covalently binds to tissue macromolecules. Air strongly inhibited the binding whereas carbon monoxide had no effect, indicating that misonidazole is activated via reduction and not by cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation. Both systems showed an absolute requirement for NADPH and were stimulated by flavine (FAD) and paraquat. The apparent Km for misonidazole binding to microsomal protein was 0.74 mM the apparent Vmax was 0.64 nmole 14C bound . mg-1 . min-1. At a single substrate concentration, nitrofurantoin, nitrofurazone and desmethylmisonidazole inhibited the covalent binding of misonidazole to microsomal protein by 47, 26, and 38% respectively. The effect of nitrofurantoin on the kinetics of misonidazole binding gave a complex interaction indicative of uncompetitive inhibition. Glutathione reduced the binding of misonidazole to microsomal protein below the level observed for boiled microsomes while ascorbic acid had no effect. Compared to nitrofurantoin and paraquat, misonidazole was a poor stimulator of superoxide production as measured by adrenochrome formation. PMID- 6802142 TI - Gold inhibition of the production of the second complement component by lymphokine-stimulated human monocytes. AB - The ability of gold sodium thiomalate to inhibit production of the second complement component (C2) by monocytes stimulated by a lymphokine (monocyte complement stimulator is demonstrated. This gold salt inhibits C2 production irreversibly if monocytes are incubated with it before or during lymphokine stimulation. Thiomalic acid is not inhibitory. Monocytes already stimulated by lymphokine are resistant to inhibition of C2 production by gold sodium thiomalate. Gold salts do not reduce monocyte viability, phagocytic ability (latex heads) accessory cell function (as measured by the ability to present antigen to autologous lymphocytes), or capacity to act as stimulating cells in mixed leukocyte culture. Gold sodium thiomalate's inhibition of monocyte responsiveness to lymphokine may be significant in explaining the therapeutic benefit of gold salts in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6802141 TI - Crypto - OH. radical production by nitrofurantoin. PMID- 6802143 TI - [Absorption of isosorbide dinitrate in guinea-pig intestine and in the colon of sheep (author's transl)]. AB - Segments of the intestine of anaesthetized guinea-pigs and the colon of conscious sheep were perfused with saline containing 0.1--25 mg/l 1,4:3,6-dianhydrosorbitol 2,5-dinitrate (isosorbide dinitrate, ISDN). The increase in ISDN uptake was linearly related to its concentration. Absorption was rapid. In the jejunum and the ileum of guinea-pig, 7% of perfused ISDN was absorbed per 10 cm of intestine in the proximal and 15% in the distal colon, respectively. In the total colon of sheep, 83% disappeared during the perfusion. Per unit of length, surface or dry weight of mucosa the net flux of ISDN in the small intestine was only half that in the colon. Absorption from the colon per unit of wet weight of the gut was only slightly higher compared to the small intestine. 1 h after the infusion of 14C-labelled ISDN into the large intestine of sheep filled with normal contents 14C-activity was detected in the plasma, a maximum was reached after 4 h. Renal excretion of ISDN or its 14C-labelled metabolites was parallel to the ISDN concentration in blood. Microbial degradation of ISDN to CO2 in colon contents was insignificant. PMID- 6802144 TI - [The effect of (+)-cyanidanol-3 on toxic fatty infiltration of liver parenchyma (author's transl)]. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls, pentachlorophenol, d-galactosamine or alcohol are well known substances which produce toxic liver damage in animal experiments. Of special significance is the toxic fatty infiltration in the live parenchyma of these models. The effects following (+)-Cyanidanol-3 (Catergen)--application after liver damage was studied by qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy. (+)-Cyanidanol-3 reduces the volume density of intracytoplasmatic fat following intoxication significantly to normal values. PMID- 6802145 TI - Atherogenicity of animal and vegetable protein. Influence of the lysine to arginine ratio. PMID- 6802146 TI - [The importance of N-acetylneuraminic acid and of its interaction with Ca++ in the stability of the erythrocytic membrane]. AB - The aim of this paper is to draw information about influence of human red cell N acetyl-neuraminic acid and its interaction with Ca++ on membrane itself stability. Then, changes of red cell behavior in reply to osmotic stress with and without Ca++ after treatment with neuraminidase has been studied. We noted that the treatment with neuraminidase causes spontaneous hemolysis (about 9%), independently of medium osmolarity. As regards membrane resistance to osmotic stretching, N-acetyl-neuraminic acid has a destabilizing effect on most erythrocytes whereas its interaction with Ca++ don't influences significantly membrane resistance to osmotic stretching. Nevertheless, in extreme conditions of osmolarity (i.e. when hemolysis of younger red cells occurs), destabilizing effect of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid is no longer observable and, on the contrary, when it interacts with Ca++, it increases the osmotic resistance of red cells. PMID- 6802147 TI - [Chromatography of membrane proteins in triton X 100. Ion exchange chromatography of proteins of the microsomes from cells of Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 6802148 TI - [Effect of scheduling of meal times on the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure]. AB - 15 obese subjects were studied under different meal-timing schedules in order to see if meal-timing could affect the circadian pattern of energy expenditure. 4 subjects were given one meal (700 Kcal.) a day at h 10 in the morning (for 3 days) or at h 18 in the afternoon (for another 3 days). 4 subjects were given 3 meals (240 Kcal. each) at h 10, h14, h 18 for 3 days. 7 subjects were kept absolutely fasting for 36 hours. O2 consumption and CO2 production were measured minute by minute for 30' every 4 hours by means of a gas-analyser Mijnardht Oxicon II. Urine Samples were taken every 4 hours for urinary nitrogen determination. Energy expenditure was calculated according to Consolation's formula. Cosinor test was used to detect circadian rhythms. A statistically significative circadian rhythm of energy expenditure could be detected in all the protocols. The observed small differences among acrophases and the overlapping of confidence's ellipses allow to conclude that meal-timing doesn't affect the circadian rhythm of energy expenditure and suggest that this rhythm can be considered endogenous. PMID- 6802149 TI - [Preliminary observations on the existing relationship between plasma levels of prolactin and hypophyseal reserves of FSH and LH in the male]. AB - PRL plasma levels and FSH and LH pituitary reserve were tested in ten apparently healthy male subjects. A good correlation was found between PRL on one hand and FSH plasma levels (p less than 0,05), LH plasma levels (p less than 0,01) and FSH pituitary reserve (p less than 0,01) on the other hand. This seems to support the current hypothesis that prolactin may cause a progressive clinically latent impairment in the spermatogenetic function of the testis. Further evidence is needed. PMID- 6802150 TI - [Standardization of the purification technic for immunoglobulin light chains]. PMID- 6802151 TI - The accumulation of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate activates glycogen synthase (and inactivates glycogen phosphorylase) in rat skeletal muscle. AB - In the muscle loaded with 2-dGlc "in vitro" (this sugar is accumulated as hexosephosphate) glycogen synthase I levels are changed by a mechanism which is additive to those of hormones such as insulinor epinephrine. The levels of glycogen phosphorylase are decreased only at the highest 2-dGlc-6-P concentration. The role of this effect of sugar phosphate - which has been attributed to the activation of muscle phosphatase (6) - is discussed with regard to glycogen metabolism during muscle function. PMID- 6802152 TI - [Behavior of triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and thyrotropin during the TRH test]. AB - Much confusion seems to exist on the timing and intensity of thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) response to TRH. As a first approach to the problem, the Authors performed TRH test in 5 healthy women. TSH showed a significant increase immediately after the TRH injection and kept high until the 90th minute. T3 decreased at first-still not significantly--then increased steadily and at 60 min it reached values significantly higher than the basal ones. Some increase was seen for T4 too, but it did not show to be statistically significant within 180 minutes. The Authors give revelance to the significance of precious (60 min) T3 increase in such a small casuistry. PMID- 6802153 TI - [Effect, on renal function, of a product rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: results obtained in subjects with chronic renal failure caused by nephroangiosclerosis]. AB - Subjects with renal chronic failure were studied. Four patients were treated with 2,5 mg/Kg of phosphatidylcholine, a drug with an high content of polyunsatured fatty acids. The drug's effects, studied during three successive 30 min. Clearance periods, were the same as in healthy subjects, i.e.: a statistically significant increase of: urine flow, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion. In other 6 patients, administration of i.v. lysine acetylsalicylate (10,5 mg/Kg) caused a decrease of the parameters under study, that were increasing for a previous dose of phosphatidylcholine and made ineffective another administration of this drug. If the thesis is assumed that in normal subjects phenomena may be referred to the local synthesis of PG, then the authors believe that the potential synthesis capacity of these substances is not compromised in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6802154 TI - [Effect, on renal function, of a product rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids: results obtained in healthy subjects]. AB - In 7 healthy subjects a 2,5 mg/Kg dose of i.v. phosphatidylcholine a drug with an high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, caused variations in renal functionality as follows: a statistically significant increase of: urine flow, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and sodium excretion. The above phenomena which resulted in a hypertonic poliuria, were detected during three 30 mins clearance periods. In other 5 subjects, a dose of lysine acetylsalicylate (10,5 mg/Kg) either suppressed the phenomena induced by the previous administration of phosphatidylcholine or prevented them to appear when the drug was given successively. Authors suggest that the data obtained may be ascribed to stimulation of local PG synthesis. PMID- 6802155 TI - Cost-benefits of fluoridation. PMID- 6802156 TI - I.V. glyceryl trinitrate: haemodynamic effects and clinical use in cardiac surgery. AB - A commercial preparation of glyceryl trinitrate for i.v. administration was assessed under both experimental and clinical conditions. The overall haemodynamic effects were beneficial during coronary artery grafting and aortic valve replacement, when the drug was given at a rate of 0.8 microgram kg-1 min-1 at which dose there was no appreciable effect on resistance vessels. No adverse side-effects occurred. There was no change in the activity of the preparation, whether diluted or not, over a 6-h period. PMID- 6802157 TI - Anticonvulsant activity of Althesin on experimental epilepsy. AB - Anaesthetic doses of Althesin were tested in rabbits using two experimental models of epilepsy: generalized (OHP; oxygen at high pressure-induced seizure) and partial (penicillin cortical-induced seizure). Althesin in both models always produced anticonvulsant activity which was more powerful in generalized convulsions. This agent was successful in preventing and treating OHP seizures. The authors conclude that a clinical history of convulsions must not be considered a contraindication to the use of this anaesthetic which has particularly useful properties for neurosurgery. PMID- 6802158 TI - Carbon dioxide homeostasis and circle systems. PMID- 6802159 TI - Changes in colloid osmotic pressure with plasma albumin concentration associated with extracorporeal circulation. AB - Colloid pressure (COP), plasma albumin concentration, haematocrit, and blood-gas tensions were measured in 16 patients undergoing open-heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. The use of crystalloid priming and cardioplegia solutions resulted in a 60% decrease in COP, a 48% decrease in plasma albumin concentration and a 35% decrease in haematocrit. These measurements had returned to pre perfusion values 6 h after the end of surgery. The alveolar-arterial PO2 difference increased significantly after by-pass and returned to pre-perfusion values within the same time scale. Right-to-left shunt increased from 7.9 to 10.3% 30 min after the end of by-pass. It is concluded that, in the absence of an increase in left atrial pressure, marked decreases in COP can be tolerated without the occurrence of pulmonary oedema. PMID- 6802160 TI - The effect of acebutolol and propranolol on the hypoglycaemic action of glibenclamide. AB - 1 The effect of acebutolol, a relatively selective beta-adrenoceptor blocking drug and propranolol, a non-selective one, on the hypoglycaemic action of glibenclamide after an oral glucose load has been investigated in a group of maturity-onset diabetic patients. 2 Glibenclamide significantly reduced the blood glucose levels and both acebutolol and propranolol, at therapeutic doses, were found to modify this action significantly. 3 The effect of acebutolol was slightly less than that of propranolol. The difference was not statistically significant. 4 The modes of action of sulphonylureas are reviewed and it is suggested that beta-adrenoceptor blockers may modify their effect on insulin release. This appears to be a drug interaction rather than an effect of beta adrenoceptor blockade on glucose tolerance. PMID- 6802161 TI - Valproic acid and diazepam interaction in vivo. AB - 1 The effect of oral administration of sodium valproate (1500 mg daily) on the distribution and elimination kinetics of intravenously administered diazepam in six healthy volunteers has been studied. 2 During valproate administration the unbound fraction of diazepam in serum increased approximately two fold. This was accompanied by a significant increase in apparent volume of distribution and plasma clearance of diazepam. 3 There was a positive correlation between the change in free fraction and the increase in both apparent volume of distribution and plasma clearance of the drug. 4 The concentration of unbound diazepam in serum (calculated from the percent free diazepam and total serum concentration) was significantly higher during valproate administration. Both the intrinsic clearance and volume of distribution of unbound drug were significantly reduced. 5 Mean serum N-desmethyldiazepam levels were significantly lower during valproate coadministration. 6 These results suggest that valproic acid displaces diazepam from plasma protein binding sites and inhibits its metabolism. PMID- 6802162 TI - 3H-collagen turnover in non-cross-linked and aldehyde-cross-linked dermal collagen grafts. AB - Using trypsin-purified rat dermal collagen labelled with tritiated hydroxyproline and proline, a study has been made of hydroxyproline turnover in non-cross-linked and glutaraldehyde- and formaldehyde-cross-linked collagen when implanted s.c. in unlabelled isogenic rats. Grafts cross-linked with 0.01% glutaraldehyde maintained their collagen mass over a 22-week period, loss of original collagen being balanced by the gain in new collagen (22% at 22 weeks). Cross-linking with 5% formaldehyde temporarily inhibited collagen loss as compared with non-cross linked grafts. However, at 22 weeks both had lost some 30% of their collagen mass, the gain of new collagen (some 8%) only partially compensating for the loss of original implant collagen. PMID- 6802163 TI - The anticoagulant effect of chondroitin sulphates isolated from normal and atherosclerotic regions of human aortas. AB - Chondroitin sulphates (CSs) were isolated from the intima and the media of normal (normal CSs) and atherosclerotic (sclerotic CSs) regions of human aortas. Normal and sclerotic CSs accelerated the inactivation of thrombin by antithrombin III to an equal extent. By this mechanism, both normal and sclerotic CSs prolonged thrombus formation time in a moving stream of platelet-rich plasma and thrombin catalysed clotting time of platelet-poor plasma. However, anticoagulant activity of sclerotic CSs in thrombin-catalysed fibrin clot formation in platelet-poor plasma was lower than that of normal CSs. The lower anticoagulant activity of sclerotic CSs was due to the greater accelerating effect on the polymerization of monomeric fibrin to form clot, which was the final distinguishable step of fibrinogen-fibrin conversion. PMID- 6802164 TI - The differential ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in human haematopoietic cell lines. AB - The ultrastructural localization of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains has been investigated in nine haematopoietic cell lines, using a technique which involves the treatment of lightly prefixed cells with saponin to allow penetration of the antibody-peroxidase conjugate. The synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin was also studied in these cell lines. Immunoglobulin was found to be localized in the cisternae and on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, perinuclear space and/or Golgi apparatus. In each case staining for heavy chains was weak or absent in the perinuclear space while staining for light chains was usually strong. Additionally in three cell lines immunoperoxidase staining indicated that heavy chains were absent from the Golgi apparatus despite the observed presence of light chains in the Golgi apparatus and the secretion of combined immunoglobulin into the supernatant. The results obtained suggest compartmentalization of the synthesis of light and heavy chains and indicate that the technique of immunoelectron microscopy may significantly contribute to an understanding of the mechanisms involved in immunoglobulin synthesis, intracellular transport and secretion. PMID- 6802165 TI - Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP): a new precipitating agent for human and bovine factor VIII and fibrinogen. AB - The PVP precipitating properties for human and bovine factor VIII and fibrinogen were studied and a new technique for the fractionation of factor VIII and fibrinogen was developed. The precipitation was performed at different temperatures and different PVP concentrations and the best conditions for the technique were chosen. The technique consists of two steps: (a) precipitation of factor VIII from undiluted plasma with PVP and (b) washing of the precipitate with a glycine--saline solution. The final concentrate contains 90% of the factor VIII and 20% of the fibrinogen of the original plasma. PMID- 6802166 TI - Impurity of lipaemic factor VIII preparations. PMID- 6802167 TI - Assessment of the body burden of chelatable lead: a model and its application to lead workers. AB - A hypothetical model was introduced to estimate the body burden of chelatable lead from the mobilisation yield of lead by calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (CaEDTA). It was estimated that, on average, 14 and 19% of the body burden was mobilised into the urine during the 24 hours after an injection of 53.4 mumol (20 mg) and 107 mumol (40 mg) CaEDTA per kg bodyweight, respectively. The body burden of chelatable lead ranged from 4 mumol (0.8 mg) to 120 mumol (24.9 mg) (mean 37 mumol (7.7 mg) in lead workers with blood lead concentrations of 0.3-2.9 mumol/kg (6-60 microgram/100 g) (mean 1.4 mumol/kg (29 microgram/100 g)). There were linear relationships between blood lead concentrations and body burden of chelatable lead on a log scale. PMID- 6802169 TI - Monitoring gonadotrophin therapy by real-time ultrasonic scanning of ovarian follicles. AB - Real-time ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles was performed during 61 cycles in 22 infertile patients being treated with sequential injections of human menopausal gonadotrophin (hMG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Total 24 h urinary oestrogens were estimated (and in 13 cycles plasma oestradiol) but the amount of gonadotrophin given was based mainly on the ultrasound findings. A retrospective analysis of the results showed that there was a poor statistical correlation between the diameter of the largest follicle and the total urinary oestrogens (r=0.39) and with the level of plasma oestradiol (r=0.56), although similar clinical information was obtained by all methods. Ovulation was induced in 58 cycles when the leading follicle had a mean diameter of 20-25 mm (mean 21.3 mm); follicular rupture was observed in 57 cycles and in these cases there was biochemical evidence of luteinization (plasma progesterone greater than 15 nmol/1; total urinary pregnanediol greater than 8 nmol/24h). Three patients (three cycles) were not given hCG; one developed micropolycystic ovaries and two showed evidence of hyperstimulation (one follicle greater than 25 mm diameter, three or more follicles 20-25 mm diameter). Twelve patients became pregnant, all with single fetuses. Subsequently one aborted, one had an ectopic pregnancy, three gave birth to normal babies at term and seven pregnancies are continuing. Real-time ultrasound scanning of ovarian follicles is a simple, practical method for monitoring follicular growth during the administration of hMG and predicting the response to hCG. PMID- 6802168 TI - Value of the simultaneous determination of PCO2 in monitoring exposure to 1,1,1 trichloroethane by breath analysis. AB - Eight volunteers were exposed for eight hours to about 200 ppm of 1,1,1 trichloroethane. On the next morning five series of five alveolar samples were collected for the simultaneous determination of PCO2 and 1,1,1-trichloroethane concentration. Three different methods of sampling were used: voluntary hyperventilation, 10-s breathholding, and "standard." A linear relationship between the alveolar concentrations of both gases was observed in all subjects. Expired air was also collected in two subjects and an analogous relationship was observed. Also the Bohr dead space was found to be of similar size for CO2 and for 1,1,1-trichloroethane. In the monitoring of solvent exposure by breath analysis it is suggested that the results should be corrected for hyperventilation or hypoventilation and for dilution of alveolar air with dead space air by a proportional adjustment of the solvent concentration at the mean normal adveolar PCO2 or by disregarding the samples with a PCO2 outside normal range. The PCO2 determination in 40 unselected workers has shown that in more than a third of them, to monitor exposure by breath analysis would have been of little meaning without such an adjustment or rejection criteria. PMID- 6802170 TI - Elevated intravesicular fluid luteinizing hormone concentration in hydatidiform mole. AB - Concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured by radioimmunoassay in the serious fluid of hydatid vesicles obtained from 27 patients with hydatidiform mole. High amounts of all four hormones were found in every case. The mean concentrations +/- SEM were 710.8 +/- 100.8 i.u./1 X 10(-3) for beta-hCG, 13.8 +/- 0.3 i.u./1 for FSH, 302.2 +/- 34.5 i.u./1 X 10(-3) for LH and 2610.8 +/- 562.1 m-i.u./1 for PRL. It is suggested that aberrations in the mechanisms controlling the synthesis and release of luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LH-RF) could result in chronically elevated LH levels leading to changes characteristic of the disease. PMID- 6802171 TI - Maternal serum diamine oxidase in fetal death and low-birth-weight infants. AB - Serum diamine oxidase was measured at different gestational ages in 681 pregnancies resulting in live births and 102 pregnancies resulting in fetal deaths. Statistical analysis revealed that gestational age-adjusted diamine oxidase levels in the fetal-death group were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than those in the live-birth group. Moreover, the relative risk associated with a low diamine oxidase level, compared with a normal level, increased from 3.7 at 8 weeks to 16.6 at 12 weeks. Pregnancies resulting in low-birth-weight infants exhibited normal serum diamine oxidase levels. The association between low diamine oxidase and subsequent fetal death is discussed in view of the hypothesis that polyamines and polyamine-degrading enzymes interact to protect the fetoplacental unit from immune rejection. PMID- 6802172 TI - Detection of circulating tumour-associated antigens in serum of women with cervical neoplasia. Use of rabbit antiserum to a continuous cancer cell line (C 4111). AB - Hyperimmune rabbit sera to partially purified human cervical cancer tissue antigen (CaCxTAA) and to human cervical cancer culture cell line antigens (C-4II TAA) were used to demonstrate circulating tumour-associated antigens (C-TAA) in the sera of women with cervical neoplasia. Rabbit anti-CaCx serum detected C-TAA in 80% of the 60 sera from women with invasive cancer, cancer in situ and severe dysplasia and the rabbit anti-C-4II serum detected 67% of these cases. Negative reactions were obtained in over 95% of the 154 control sera with either rabbit serum. These results suggest that, in view of the difficulty of obtaining large specimens of cervical cancer tissues for the development of immunodiagnostic procedures, the use of a cervical cancer cell line, such as C-4II, appears desirable. Such cell lines would also be advantageous for studies aimed at providing further support for the association between genital herpes simplex virus infection and human cervical cancer. PMID- 6802173 TI - Fulminating panophthalmitis due to exogenous infection with Bacillus cereus: report of 4 cases. AB - Bacillus cereus is a seldom recognised but important cause of panophthalmitis. Although most reported cases have been the result of endogenous infection, we have recently seen 4 cases that followed ocular trauma. In each instance a fulminating panophthalmitis developed, accompanied by fever and leucocytosis. Despite prompt therapy all eyes were rapidly lost. In view of the selective antibiotic sensitivities of this organism and the fulminating course of the disease, conventional approaches to therapy, including standard prophylactic antibiotic regimens, are unlikely to be successful in such cases. Analysis of our cases suggest that ocular infection with B. cereus has certain features that may allow a provisional diagnosis to be made before isolation of the organism. Early recognition and prompt institution of effective therapy may lead to salvage of these eyes in the feature. PMID- 6802174 TI - A rare case of diverticulum arising from the right buccal sulcus which extended into the neck - a case report. PMID- 6802175 TI - Studies on the response of Lactobacillus casei to different folate monoglutamates. AB - 1. The response of Lactobacillus casei was measured for a number of the monoglutamyl forms of folate derivatives. 2. At the concentrations of folate commonly used in the assay of folate vitamin in foods the response of L. casei to folic acid, (pteroylglutamic acid) and 5-formyl-tetrahydrofolic acid was similar, but 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid gave as little as half the response of folic acid. 3. The response was modified by altering pH but not by concentration of ascorbate. 4. These results have implications for the assays of foods for folate where mixtures of folate derivatives are present. 5. A modified procedure is suggested in which the monoglutamates give similar responses. PMID- 6802176 TI - Protein-polyphenol reactions. 1. Nutritional and metabolic consequences of the reaction between oxidized caffeic acid and the lysine residues of casein. AB - 1. Studies were made on the lysine content of casein reacted with caffeic acid oxidized aerobically under alkaline conditions of enzymically with tyrosinase (EC 1. 14. 18. 1). 2. Loss of fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB)-reactive lysine was rapid at pH 10 and increased with time and the temperature of the reaction, with concentration of caffeic acid and with the oxygenation of the mixture. In presence of the enzyme mushroom tyrosinase, maximum reduction of reactive lysine occurred at pH 7 and was dependent on the reaction time and on the concentration of caffeic acid. 3. Reaction of alpha-formyl-LO-[U-14C]lysine with caffeic acid at pH 10 showed the rapid formation of five reaction products which appeared to polymerize gradually as the reaction progressed. 4. The nutritionally available lysine content of the casein-caffeic acid mixtures, as assayed with rats, was reduced after both alkaline and enzyme reactions, as were faecal digestibility, net protein ratio and net protein utilization. Biological value however was not reduced. 5. In metabolic studies using goat milk casein labelled with L [3H]lysine and reacted with caffeic acid in the same way, the lysine caffeoquinone reaction products were not absorbed by the rat but were excreted directly in the faeces. 6. The importance of the reaction of proteins with caffeoquinone and chlorogenoquinone (formed by the oxidation of caffeic and chlorogenic acids respectively) is discussed in relation to the production of sunflower protein, leaf protein and other vegetable-protein concentrates. PMID- 6802177 TI - Studies of the large intestine of sheep. 2. Kinetics of liquid and solid phase markers in the caecum and proximal colon. PMID- 6802178 TI - Conformational equilibrium of demetalized concanavalin A. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A) is known to exist in two conformations [Brown, R. D., III, Brewer, C. F., & Koenig, S. H. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 3883-3896] that differ in their metal ion and saccharide binding properties. The conformation that binds metal ions tightly, and which is associated with saccharide binding, has been designated as "locked" and that which binds metal ions only weakly as "unlocked". In the presence of excess metal ions, such as Mn2+ and Ca2+, essentially 100% of the protein is in the locked conformation. The scheme proposed to explain these effects [Koenig, S. H., Brewer, C. F., & Brown, R. D., III (1978) Biochemistry 17, 4251-4260] predicts an equilibrium between these conformations for the apoprotein. By monitoring the solvent proton relaxation dispersion as equimolar concentrations of Mn2+ and Ca2+ are titrated, at 5 degrees C, into an apo-Con A solution that had been equilibrated at 25 degrees C, we find that 12.5% of the apoprotein is in the locked conformation, corresponding to an energy separation of 1.2 kcal mol-1. We also show that these conformations can be separated by column chromatography at 5 degrees C and that the 100% unlocked form prepared in this way returns to the expected equilibrium mixture when kept at 25 degrees C. PMID- 6802179 TI - Studies on the Ca2+ transport mechanism of human erythrocyte inside-out plasma membrane vesicles. V. Chlortetracycline fluorescence. AB - The measurement of chlortetracycline fluorescence was employed as a probe for measuring the process to calcium transport by human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles. Chlortetracycline is a divalent metal chelator which increases its fluorescence when bound to calcium in the presence of a membrane. Addition of calcium and ATP to inside out vesicles in the presence of chlortetracycline increased the chlortetracycline fluorescence as a function of time following an initial delay. Only after a threshold level of calcium had been accumulated did the fluorescence increase. The presence of both ATP and calcium were required. The addition of calmodulin increased the rate and absolute magnitude of the chlortetracycline fluorescence change. Similarly, calmodulin stimulated the rate and extent of 45Ca transport by inside-out vesicles. Moreover, the presence of saponin abolished both chlortetracycline fluorescence change and 45Ca uptake; a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog would not substitute for ATP in either 45Ca transport or chlortetracycline fluorescence experiments. Comparison between the slopes of the linear portions of chlortetracycline fluorescence change and calcium transport time courses at varied free calcium concentrations showed a consistent ratio between the slopes. This suggests that calcium transport change can be calibrated by employing chlortetracycline fluorescence. Based on this data, it is concluded that chlortetracycline fluorescence is a rapid and accurate method for monitoring calcium transport by human erythrocyte inside-out vesicles. PMID- 6802180 TI - Cholinergic stimulation of glucose transport in human erythrocytes. AB - The effects of cholinergic stimulation on glucose equilibrium exchange rate have been studied in human erythrocytes. Carbamylcholine increases in V of equilibrium exchange by 20% but has no significant effect on Km. The cholinergic effect is abolished by the muscarinic antagonist atropine or by alterations in intracellular calcium concentrations induced by the calcium ionophore A23187. PMID- 6802181 TI - Mechanism of neomycin stimulation of D-glucose uptake in rabbit intestinal brush border membrane. AB - In order to study the effect of the antibiotic neomycin on the intestinal epithelium, D-glucose was used as a probe molecule and its transport into rabbit brush border membrane vesicles was measured by a rapid filtration method. Treatment of the epithelium with neomycin sulfate prior to the preparation of the brush border membrane enhanced the D-glucose uptake, whereas neutral N-acetylated neomycin did not. This action of neomycin was related to its polycationic character and not to its bactericidal action. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the protein content or disaccharidase-specific activities of the brush border fractions from treated or non-treated intestines. Electrophoretic protein patterns of SDS-solubilized membrane were not significantly different after neomycin treatment. To gain more information on the mechanism involved in the stimulation of D-glucose transport, experiments were conducted on phosphatidyl glycerol artificial membranes and the results compared with those obtained with brush border membrane. At a concentration of 10(-7) M, neomycin decreased the nonactin-induced K+ conductance by a factor of approx. 100. The membrane conductance was linearly dependent on the neomycin concentration and the conductance in 10(-2) M KCl was 10 times that in 10(-3) M KCl. The valence of neomycin was estimated, from the slope of these curves, to be between 6 and 4. In contrast, acetylated neomycin had no effect on the nonactin induced K+ membrane conductance. Therefore, the effect of neomycin on artificial membrane is related to its 4 to 6 positive charges. It is proposed that the stimulation of sugar transport in brush border membrane is related to screening of the membrane negative charges by the positively-charged neomycin. Accumulation of anions at the membrane surface then occurs and their diffusion into the intravesicular space would increase the transmembrane potential which, in turn, stimulates the entry of D-glucose. PMID- 6802182 TI - Calcium permeability of Ehrlich ascites tumour cell plasma membrane in vivo. AB - Passive Ca2+ entry into Ehrlich ascites tumour cells has been investigated. Passive equilibrium of Ca2+ takes place in ascites tumour cells only under conditions of exhaustive energy depletion. The specific Ca2+ ionophore A23187 does not affect Ca2+ entry into ascites tumour cells under active metabolic conditions, but it increases the rate of Ca2+ equilibration in ascites tumour cells in the early stages of energy depletion. The results of the present experiments lead to the conclusion that in ascites tumour cell plasma membrane Ca2+ permeability is not a limiting step in the regulation of intracellular calcium content, while the energy-dependent Ca2+ extrusion is the main mechanism that prevents uncontrolled intracellular Ca2+ increase. The results taken together support the hypothesis that increased Ca2+ influx into the cell, caused by plasma membrane alteration, is responsible for permanently elevated mitotic activity and for deranged metabolic behavior of these neoplastic cells. PMID- 6802183 TI - Interresidue distance measurements in proteins. Fluorescent energy transfer between tryptophans and a Ru(III)(NH3)5-histidine complex in alpha-lytic protease and lysozyme. AB - The mechanism by which the intrinsic fluorescence of tryptophan residues in alpha lytic protease and lysozyme are quenched by a complex formed between the single histidine residue in each protein and Ru(III)(NH3)5 was investigated. The R0 values for alpha-lytic protease and lysozyme were 15.5 and 11.8 A, respectively. Good agreement between the efficiency of energy transfer measured experimentally and that calculated from the X-ray data, assuming the Forster dipole-dipole mechanism, demonstrates that this mechanism is appropriate. The ease with which the ruthenium-labeled enzymes can be synthesized and purified suggests that the Ru(III)(NH3)5-His complex may have general utility in structural studies of proteins in solution. PMID- 6802184 TI - Purification and properties of lipoprotein lipase in guinea pig milk. AB - Lipoprotein lipase was purified from guinea pig milk by chromatography on heparin Sepharose followed by chromatography on an immobilized preparation of heparin that had been N-desulphated and then acetylated. This second step was necessary to separate a plasma protein, presumably antithrombin, from the lipase. The guinea pig enzyme turned out to be quite similar to lipoprotein lipase from bovine milk with respect to composition and molecular size. Furthermore, the specific activities and the dose-response relations for activation by apolipoprotein C-II were quite similar for the two enzymes. Antibodies raised against the guinea pig milk enzyme inhibited not only this enzyme but also the lipoprotein lipase activity in post-heparin plasma and in homogenates from adipose tissue and heart. PMID- 6802185 TI - Intravascular metabolism of an artificial transporter of triacylglycerols. Alterations of serum lipoproteins resulting from total parenteral nutrition with Intralipid. PMID- 6802186 TI - [Inside view of lymphocyte differentiation]. PMID- 6802187 TI - Study of the heterogeneity of bovine pepsin A by pseudo isoelectric focusing. AB - Pseudo isoelectric focusing (PIEF), i.e. focusing stopped before the equilibrium is reached, has been successfully applied to analyse bovine pepsins A obtained from abomasum mucosa extracts and from 3 individual abomasal juices. Whole bovine pepsin A from mucosa extracts, was resolved in PIEF, using an acidic pH gradient(2-4), into five major and active components. Its fractionation on hydroxyapatite only gave four components which were not homogeneous in PIEF, suggesting that interactions between the different components occur during the chromatographic procedure. After treatment with potato acid phosphatase, whole bovine pepsin A showed only one band in PIEF, displaying enzymic activity and with a mobility identical to that of the less anodic band in untreated pepsin. These results, together with organic phosphate determinations, obviously confirm that the heterogeneity of bovine pepsin A is due to the phosphate content which appears to range between 0 and 3 mol./mol. for the 5 components. Two of them, the phosphate content of which appears to be 1 mol./mol., seem to differ in the location of this phosphate group in the molecule. Whole bovine pepsin A preparations from abomasal juices shared the same pattern in PIEF, identical to that observed with bovine pepsin A from mucosa extracts, thus excluding that dephosphorylation might be involved in the secretory process, as well as disproving the theory that dephosphopepsinogen might be an intermediate in the synthesis of pepsinogen, as it was previously suggested. PMID- 6802188 TI - [Properties of beta-glucosidase from the cellulolytic fungus Geotrichum candidum 3c]. AB - beta-Glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.21) splitting p nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucosidase was isolated from cellular preparation of the fungus Geotrichum candidum 3c "cellocandine G10x" and purified 38-fold. The enzyme was homogeneous during ultracentrifugation, gel-filtration, isoelectrofocusing and disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel and had a pI of 4.2, sedimentation coefficient of 2.6S and molecular weight of 120 000. The enzyme had maximal activity at pH 5.6, 45 degrees and retained up to 45% of its activity under optimal conditions (pH, t degrees) after 48 hr incubation. beta Glucosidase did not split disaccharides, e. g. lactose cellobiose, laminaribiose, gentibiose as well as o-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, methyl-beta-D-xyloside. The enzyme hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (Km = 0.18 mM) and some plant beta-glucosides, such as phenylethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside from rose petals and diosgenine tetrasaccharide from deltoid dioscorea (Km = 0.26 mM). PMID- 6802189 TI - [Transport of electrons from mitochondria to microsomes in the reconstituted system of cell organelles]. AB - The reduction of cytochrome P-450--CO complex in the presence of various agents in the reconstituted system of liver cell organelles was studied. The reconstituted system was obtained by the preincubation of isolated liver microsomes and mitochondria of the rats kept on a prolonged phenobarbital diet. The addition of glutamate (but not succinate), NAD+ and amytal (or rotenone) to the reconstituted system caused a 40-50% reduction of NADPH-reducible cytochrome P-450. The inhibitor of mitochondrial NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase dicumarol prevented the cytochrome P-450 reduction in the presence of glutamate, NAD+ and amytal but did not affect the reduction of cytochrome P-450 by the added NADH. It was concluded that the electron transfer from the NAD-dependent substrates of the inner mitochondrial respiratory chain to the microsomal cytochrome P-450 occurs with the participation of non-bound NAD and cytochrome b5 of the outer mitochondrial membrane on the condition that the membranes of the two main oxidative systems are in tight contact. PMID- 6802190 TI - Plasma amino acid patterns, one and two hours after continuous naso-gastric alimentation of low birth weight infants fed two types of milk during the first month of life. AB - Plasma amino acid concentrations were determined in the morning, 1 and 2 h after discontinuing any naso-gastric feeding on the 3rd, 5th, 15th and 30th days of life, in order to establish their course according to the moment of sampling and to the type of diet given. Two types of conventional naso-gastric feeding were given in 12 infants with a birth weight of 1,500 g or less. The diets supplied either 1.2 g proteins/100 ml (pooled human milk) or 1.8 g proteins/100 ml ("humanized formula' with an albumin/casein ratio of 60/40) from the 3rd h to the 30th day of life. No statistically significant difference appeared between the amino acid concentrations 1 and 2h after discontinuation of naso-gastric alimentation on the 3rd, 5th and 15th days whichever milk was used, but a significant difference appeared for two amino acids on day 30 (phenylalanine and lysine) when fed the humanized formula. It is concluded that caution might be necessary when interpreting amino acid results: the moment of sampling induced a statistically significant difference on day 30 of life only for phenylalanine and lysine in children fed on a "humanized formula'. PMID- 6802191 TI - Postnatal surges in plasma gut hormones in term and preterm infants. AB - Using sensitive radioimmunoassays we have measured and compared plasma concentrations of motilin, gastrin, enteroglucagon, neurotensin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide and pancreatic polypeptide in (a) 53 healthy, preterm infants at birth or preprandially at 2.5, 6, 13 or 24 days; (b) 45 normal, breast fed, term infants at birth or preprandially at 6 or 16 days, and (c) 12 healthy fasting adults. Plasma concentrations of all six hormones rose during the neonatal period in both preterm and term infants, the first four of these hormones reaching levels which exceeded those seen in healthy fasting adults. The rate of increase and the magnitude of the changes were less in term infants than preterm infants. These changes in plasma hormone concentrations may be the result of enteral feeding. Gut hormones exert important effects on gut growth, secretion and motility and on intermediary metabolism, and the postnatal hormonal surges observed may play a key role in the postnatal adaptions to enteral feeding. PMID- 6802192 TI - Parathyrin and calcium homeostasis in the fetus. AB - The response of plasma parathyrin (PT) in cattle fetuses to changes in plasma calcium was investigated in utero. Resting plasma calcium levels for 4 fetuses averaged 3.1 mg/dl higher than for their mothers. Fetal PT levels (0.67 ng/ml) were half those of the mother (1.40 ng/ml). Hypocalcemia induced by EDTA infusion evoked a rise in plasma PT in 2 or 3 fetuses. The relationship between plasma PT and calcium levels in these fetuses was curvilinear, PT rising from about 0.7 ng/ml at 13 mg calcium/dl to a plateau of about 1.6 ng/ml below 10 mg calcium/dl. This contrasted with one of the mothers in which PT rose above 3 ng/ml when plasma calcium fell from 9 to 7 mg/dl. During infusion of EDTA to mother or fetus there were no changes in plasma calcium or PT levels in the respective fetus or mother. PMID- 6802193 TI - Anatomical and functional differences in the placenta of primates. PMID- 6802194 TI - Relation between levels of circulating ovarian steroids and pituitary gonadotropin content during the menstrual cycle of the rhesus monkey. AB - Anterior pituitary glands were removed from 27 intact cycling rhesus monkeys sacrificed in the early (Day 2), mid (Days 6--9) and late (Days 11--12) follicular phase, and in the early and late luteal phase (3--5 and 10--15 days after the midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge). Assignment of cycle stage was confirmed by the pattern of circulating steroid and gonadotropin levels seen in the blood samples taken daily throughout the cycle. The anterior pituitary glands were weighed, stored at -30 degrees C and assayed for LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content by specific radioimmunoassays. Serum estradiol levels and pituitary LH and FSH contents rose simultaneously during the follicular phase. After the preovulatory gonadotropin surge, pituitary LH content was low and invariant. Pituitary FSH content reached a nadir in the early luteal phase and tended to rise in the late luteal phase. Multiple correlation analyses revealed that there is a positive correlation between rising levels of estradiol in the circulation and pituitary LH (p = 0.003) and FSH (p = 0.017) content, and that there is a significant negative correlation between circulating progesterone levels and pituitary FSH content (p = 0.002). Pituitary LH content is less strongly related to circulating progesterone levels. There was no significant difference in the wet weights of the anterior pituitary glands during the five phases of the menstrual cycle studied. PMID- 6802195 TI - Immunocytochemical evidence for the specific localization of aldose reductase in rat Sertoli cells. AB - Evidence that the enzyme aldose reductase (AR) is specifically located in Sertoli cells is presented by means of an established immunocytochemical technique and with a variety of approaches. By staining tissue sections, the enzyme was shown to be present in Sertoli cells at birth and the intensity of the immunocytochemical stain increased by 5 days of age to that found in the testes of older rats. By means of enzyme dispersion of mature testes; the culture of enriched Sertoli cell preparations from the testes of immature rats; and the collection of newly released testicular spermatozoa in rete testis fluid, it was shown that immunoreactive AR was not present in any testicular cell type except the Sertoli cell. The significance of the specific localization in Sertoli cells of a principal enzyme concerned in the sorbitol or polyol pathway for the conversion of aldose sugars to their corresponding ketoses is discussed. PMID- 6802196 TI - A study of the effects of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde on the mechanical behaviour of bovine pericardium. AB - The inherent variability in the mechanical behavior of bovine pericardium causes difficulties in establishing the effects of treatment procedures used in the manufacture of bioprosthetic cardiac valves. A new experimental technique has been developed in which the specimen acts as its own control, obviating the need to perform large numbers of experiments to obtain statistically significant results. The procedure used is described in detail as is the equipment employed. The technique was used to assess the effect of glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde on the stress/strain response of bovine pericardium. The results show that the fixing process in glutaraldehyde is virtually complete within two hours and causes significant changes in the mechanical behaviour of the tissue. The tissue becomes progressively stiffer as the treatment period is extended, which is especially pronounced at low levels of stress. Formaldehyde storage subsequent to fixing in glutaraldehyde was found to have no effect on the stress/strain response of the bovine pericardium. PMID- 6802197 TI - A statistical test for classification, with applications to the characterization of pathogens according to antibiotic susceptibility patterns. AB - If n different analytical procedures are applied to a culture of a pathogen, then that pathogen is characterized by an ordered sequence or vector of length n. A group of such sequences (or 'susceptibility patterns' as they are called in this context) can be generated by applying this process to cultures taken from infected individuals in an epidemic. This paper introduced statistical tests that can be used to determine whether a pattern obtained from the culture of a single case differs from those patterns obtained from cultures of a group of infected individuals. The methods are applied to come nosocomial epidemics. These taxonomic techniques extend beyond the present application to other classification problems in the biological and medical sciences. PMID- 6802198 TI - Quantitative determination of nitroglycerin in human plasma by capillary gas chromatography negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. AB - A quantitative method for determination of nitroglycerin in human plasma was developed. Nitroglycerin and the internal standard (butane-1,2,4-triyl trinitrate) were extracted from plasma with pentane. The extracts were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry using fused silica capillary columns and electron capture negative ion chemical ionization. The quantitation limit of the method was about 50 pg ml-1. Linear calibration curves were obtained in the range of 50-1600 pg ml-1. Precision at the level of 100 pg ml-1 was 4%. PMID- 6802199 TI - Structure and protein composition of the striated flagellar rootlets of some protists. AB - The striated rootlets of different protists are extremely diverse and, on the basis of structural organization, can be assigned to no fewer than four major types. In light of this extreme variation in fine-structure is it reasonable to expect that all striated rootlets may share common protein species? Using the flagellar rootlet of Naegleria gruberi strain NB-1 as reference, we compared rootlet size, structure, and protein composition to another Naegleria strain, another amoebo-flagellate, Tetramitus rostratus, and to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Although differing in size and distribution in the cells, the rootlets of all three amoebo-flagellates appeared very similar in structure, periodicity, and in the presence of a common 170 000 Dalton subunit. Kinetodesmal fibres of Tetrahymena differed markedly in detailed fine-structure, in periodicity, and in the apparent absence of the 170 000 Dalton subunit as tested either by SDS gel electrophoresis or by indirect immunofluorescence staining using a specific antiserum directed against the NB-1 major rootlet protein. Consideration of literature describing striated rootlet structure in a wide variety of ciliated and flagellated cells led to the speculation that striated rootlets arose subsequent to primitive flagella and likely evolved along two major pathways: a narrow-period rootlet similar to those discussed above, which developed from the microtubule rootlets of algal flagellates, and a wide-band, contractile rootlet which originated from the primitive interbasal body connector prominent in both algal and protozoan species. PMID- 6802200 TI - Cutaneous manifestation of neurofibromatosis: cellular interaction, pigmentation, and mast cells. AB - The patchy, mosaic nature of the hyperpigmentation defect in neurofibromatosis (NF) is shown to be compatible with a cell-cell interaction model involving at least 2, and perhaps 3 cell types. Two approaches to analysis of the cellular interaction model are outlined in detail: 1) Demonstration of the more or less random number, size, and distribution of cafe-au-lait spots (CLS); 2) Documentation of topographic features of hyperpigmentation and neurofibroma skin lesions with special significance, including: a) Localized, intense pruritus coincident with developing or numerous neurofibromas, responding to treatment with antihistamines or oral disodium cromoglycate (the mast cell is suggested as a mediator of the pruritus and perhaps of neurofibroma development); b) The high frequency of areolar neurofibromas in postpubertal NF females, suggesting a localized estrogenic effect on neurofibroma development; c) The recognition that the usual NF freckling (eg axillary) is essentially restricted to intertriginous zones and that they therefore probably have a different mechanism of origin than do CLS. PMID- 6802201 TI - [Repair of DNA injuries induced by thiophosphamide in embryonal fibroblasts of 101/H and CBA mice]. AB - A study was made of changes in the molecular weight of one-strand fragments of DNA after a short-term treatment with thiophosphamide given in high concentrations of 101/H and CBA mouse cells. The data obtained indicate that DNA lesions induced by thiophosphamide occur and increase with time. It is assumed that the site of lesion is inter-strand cross-links of DNA. Mouse cells were disclosed to be able to repair the thiophosphamide-induced DNA lesions. Repair of DNA cross-links proceeds more effectively in 101/H mouse cells than in those of CBA mice. PMID- 6802202 TI - [Effect of fibronectin on morphology and cytoskeleton of cultured epithelial liver cells]. AB - Unlike nontumorigenic IAR2 cells, no surface fibronectin was detected in tumorigenic epithelial liver cells, IAR2-31 and IAR6-IRT7A. The adsorption of exogenous fibronectin purified from rat plasma, onto the substratum before seeding cells led to varying results in different cell lines. IAR2 showed no morphological changes or changes in the actin cytoskeleton, but acquired a network of radially oriented fibronectin fibrils. Under the effect of fibronectin single IAR2-31 cells returned to normal in terms of both the morphology and actin cytoskeleton, as well as acquired radially oriented fibronectin fibrils. At the same time IAR2-31 cells in the sheet were characterized by a circular actin bundle which made them essentially differ from IAR2 cells. IAR6-IRT7A cells were found to lose the ability to return to normal on fibronectin-coated substrates. PMID- 6802203 TI - Comparison of three microbial toxicity screening tests with the Microtox test. PMID- 6802204 TI - Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls in Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) collected from the Hudson River estuary, New York. PMID- 6802205 TI - Accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls by Saccharomyces cerevisiae and their effects on lipid biosynthesis. PMID- 6802206 TI - Mercury and organochlorines in eggs from a Norwegian gannet colony. PMID- 6802207 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyl and other chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in adipose tissue of Canadians. PMID- 6802208 TI - Coprostanol and bacterial indicators of faecal pollution in the Scheldt estuary. PMID- 6802209 TI - Proteoglycans and chondroitin sulfates from human multiple chondroma (enchondromatosis). AB - 1. This paper reports the structural analysis of proteoglycans and mucopolysaccharides extracted from a human multiple enchondroma (enchondromatosis), a benign cartilage tumor, where growth, but no calcification takes place. The tumors were located inside the phalanges of both hands of a 22 year-old patient and were obtained after surgery. 2. The proteoglycans of chondromas contain only a small amount of keratan sulfate (1.3% of total mucopolysaccharide) and the chondroitin sulfate is composed of 4- and 6-sulfated disaccharide units in approximately equivalent amounts, forming hybrid polymeric chains. Furthermore, the electrophoretic mobility of these proteoglycans in agarose-polyacrylamide large-pore gel indicates that they may occur as a single polydisperse component. This structural pattern is very similar to that of the proteoglycans present in the articular cartilage of normal human newborn and young. In contrast, the proteoglycans of adult articular cartilage contain higher amounts of keratan sulfate (25% of the total mucopolysaccharide) and very small amounts of 4-sulfated disaccharide units (7%) in the chondroitin sulfate molecules. The multiple zones observed in agarose/polyacrylamide large-pore gel electrophoresis indicate the presence of more than one polydisperse component. These findings suggest a correlation between the structural characteristics of the proteoglycans and the occurrence of growth in the cartilage tissue. 3. Although the amounts of proteoglycans extractable from chondromas and from normal young and adult articular cartilages were almost the same, the chondroma proteoglycans interacted with hyaluronic acid to a lesser extent than those from the normal cartilages. This effect may be due to structural changes in the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the proteoglycan monomers. PMID- 6802210 TI - Blockade of the inflammatory effects of platelet-activating factor by cyclo oxygenase inhibitors. AB - 1. The edematogenic and hyperalgesic effects of synthetic Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF-acether) on the rat paw were investigated. 2. PAF-acether induced a dose-dependent oedema and hyperalgesia. 3. These effects were partially reduced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents. 4. It is suggested that the oedema and hyperalgesia in response to PAF-acether are due at least in part to the release of a cyclo-oxygenase metabolite, probably prostacyclin. PMID- 6802211 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxides, thromboxane A2 and adenosine diphosphate in collagen induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. AB - 1 A bioassay technique is described for simultaneously monitoring rabbit platelet aggregation with measurement of thromboxane A(2) (TxA(2)) and prostaglandins released in response to collagen or arachidonic acid (AA).2 Five imidazole derivatives were examined as inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase and compared with the effect of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor indomethacin; 1-(7 carboxyheptyl) imidazole was identified as the most potent and selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase and was used with indomethacin to investigate the relative contribution of the prostaglandin endoperoxides prostaglandin G(2) (PGG(2))/PGH(2) and TxA(2) in mediating platelet aggregation induced by collagen or AA.3 Platelet aggregation induced by a low concentration of collagen was abolished by indomethacin and carboxyheptylimidazole whilst in response to a high concentration or collagen only partial inhibition of aggregation occurred.4 The contribution of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) released from platelets during collagen or AA-induced aggregation was examined using the substrate/enzyme complex creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase (CP/CPK). The CP/CPK complex abolished aggregation induced by a low dose of collagen whilst aggregation to a high dose of collagen was only partially inhibited.5 Aggregation induced by a high dose of collagen was abolished by a combination of CP/CPK with indomethacin or carboxyheptylimidazole.6 AA-induced aggregation was abolished by indomethacin. Carboxyheptylimidazole abolished aggregation induced by a low dose of AA but inhibition was surmounted with increasing concentrations of AA in the absence of TxA(2) formation.7 PGH(2)-induced aggregation was unaffected by indomethacin and only partially inhibited by carboxyheptylimidazole. AA or PGH(2)-induced platelet aggregation was unaffected by CP/CPK.8 In conclusion, aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by a low concentration of collagen was dependent on synergism between TxA(2) and ADP whilst at high concentrations of collagen, sufficient TxA(2) and ADP were released to induce aggregation independently of each other.9 The small amounts of prostaglandin endoperoxides produced from endogenous arachidonate have apparently no direct pro-aggregatory role. However, the relatively large amount which can be produced by a high concentration of exogenous AA when TxA(2) formation is prevented can cause aggregation of rabbit platelets. PMID- 6802212 TI - Surgical treatment of ankle instability in athletes. AB - Eighteen athletes with symptoms of recurrent sprain and instability of the ankle during activity were treated by reconstructing the lateral ligament by the Evans technique. Before the operation 55 per cent had given up all athletic activities because of pain, swelling or instability, and 17 per cent had restricted their activities. The average age at operation was 24.6 years and the average follow-up period 3.1 years. Normal stability was achieved in 67 per cent and improved stability in 11 per cent, but only 33 per cent were still engaged in athletic activities without any complaints from the ankle. The results are similar to other methods of surgical repair. PMID- 6802213 TI - Conservative treatment of injury to the fibular ligaments of the ankle. AB - Fifty-one patients with fibular ligamentous injury of the ankle are presented. The treatment consisted of complete non-weight-bearing of the affected foot by use of elbow crutches for three weeks. All patients were seen at follow-up eighteen months after the accident. The results are discussed in the light of previous literature on conservative and operative treatment of lateral ligament injuries. PMID- 6802214 TI - Case report: an athlete runs through his asthma. PMID- 6802215 TI - Selenium 75-selenofolate metabolism and radiation dosimetry. AB - Following the oral administration of 75Se-selenofolate in two normal healthy volunteers, retention was measured by whole body counting, and distribution throughout the body was determined with a hybrid scanner. Approximately 65% of the dose was absorbed from the GI tract. The metabolic data obtained from this study was used to calculate the integrated radiation dose to the liver, and the effective dose equivalent. PMID- 6802216 TI - Management of postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas: the roles of parenteral nutrition and surgery. AB - A series of 75 patients with 87 postoperative enterocutaneous fistulas (PEF) is reported. All received parenteral nutrition after the diagnosis of PEF was made. There were 16 deaths (21.3 per cent) and 62 fistulas (71.2 per cent) closed spontaneously. A classification of PEF is proposed according to the results obtained. The therapeutic approach cannot be uniform in all types of PEF. We feel that parenteral nutrition has substantially improved the prognosis of fistulous patients by increasing the rate of spontaneous closure and improving the nutritional status of patients needing repeated operations. Comparison between series of patients to establish the usefulness of parenteral nutrition is bound to yield inconclusive data due to marked differences in patient populations. We suggest that proper information be obtained by studying series of homogeneous patients, namely those who develop oesophageal, gastric or intestinal fistulas after surgery. PMID- 6802218 TI - Laser treatment of portwine stains. PMID- 6802219 TI - Qinghaosu: a new antimalarial. PMID- 6802217 TI - Vasodilators in heart failure. PMID- 6802220 TI - Explosive bullets: a new hazard for doctors. PMID- 6802221 TI - Reorganisation a la carte. PMID- 6802222 TI - Value of computed tomography of the abdomen and chest in investigation of Cushing's syndrome. AB - Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed on 37 patients with biochemically proved Cushing's syndrome to evaluate the role of CT in the investigation of this condition. CT rapidly and correctly identified all 15 adrenocortical tumours, distinguishing five carcinomas from the 10 adenomas. In ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome appreciable bilateral adrenal enlargement was common in patients with an ectopic source (6 of 10 cases), while those with a pituitary source usually had normal sized adrenals (9 of 10). Two patients with a history of over seven years had bilateral adrenal nodules. CT was more accurate in locating a primary ectopic source of ACTH (5 of 12 cases) than any other technique and was particularly valuable in detecting small (less than 1.5 cm) peripheral lung carcinoid tumours which may be undetectable by conventional x-ray techniques. Its speed, accuracy, and simplicity make CT the technique of choice both to show the adrenal anatomy and to locate a suspected ectopic ACTH-secreting tumour in patients with proved Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6802223 TI - Rebreathing in a subject wearing an integral crash helmet. AB - The respired air of a volunteer was analysed while he was wearing a variety of integral crash helmets. Observations were made with and without a protective balaclava, bib or scarf, or both. Rebreathing occurred and the peak inspired oxygen tension fell as low as 16.0 kPa (120 mm Hg) with a minimum inspired carbon dioxide of 2.1 KPa (16.0 mm Hg). Accessories worn or attached to the helmet which restrict airflow into the helmet should not be used. Attention should be paid to the "air conditioning" of helmets when worn with flameproof balaclavas and bibs. PMID- 6802224 TI - Effect of aluminium hydroxide on serum ionised calcium, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, and aluminium in chronic renal failure. AB - According to the Bricker-Slatopolsky theory, secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is switched on in chronic renal failure by hypocalcaemia due to phosphate retention. In an attempt to reverse this process 20 patients in preterminal renal failure (plasma creatinine 569 +/- 195 mumol/l) were given aluminium hydroxide, 3.8 g daily. They were studied for four weeks and all measurements were made at the start and weekly, except measurements of serum aluminium concentration, which were made at the start and at the end of the fourth week. Mean serum phosphate fell from 1.89 to 1.47 mmol/l (5.9 to 4.6 mg/100), mean serum calcium rose from 2.07 to 2.24 mmol/l (8.3 to 9.0 mg/100 ml), and serum ionised calcium rose from 1.07 to 1.20 mmol/l (4.3 to 4.8 mg/100 ml), but serum immunoreactive PTH did not fall. Thirteen patients had initial serum immunoreactive PTH concentrations at or near to normal and 11 were taking beta-blockers but even in those with neither explanation, PTH concentrations did not fall. Serum aluminium concentrations rose from 0.4 to 1.02 mumol/l (10.9 to 27.4 microgram/l). Aluminium hydroxide corrects serum phosphate, total calcium, and ionised calcium at the price of a rise in serum aluminium concentration; in this study it did not affect serum immunoreactive PTH. The Bricker-Slatopolsky theory still needs verification in studies of patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6802225 TI - Superiority of B locus matching over other HLA matching in renal graft survival. AB - Graft survival after 348 consecutive first cadaver-donor renal transplants was significantly improved by HLA matching when recipients who had received pretransplant blood transfusions were matched with their kidney donor for two HLA B locus antigens. No other type of HLA matching significantly improved graft survival in transfused recipients nor did any type of HLA matching in non transfused recipients. Matching for one HLA-DR antigen had no benefit in transfused recipients. Only two patients received kidneys matched for both DR antigens and only two of those in whom DR matching had been performed had not been transfused. These results indicate that pretransplant blood transfusion and selection of graft recipients predominantly on the basis of HLA-B matching has significantly reduced the renal graft rejection rate in Newcastle upon Tyne over two years. Thus, HLA-B antigen matching should be adopted as the main criterion for kidney sharing between transplant centres. PMID- 6802226 TI - Trimethoprim resistance in hospitals. AB - During November 1980 to April 1981, 1561 urinary tract pathogens were collected from Turku City Hospital, Turku University Central Hospital, and Kuopio University Central Hospital. Resistance of the strains was tested by agar-plate dilution against trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, sulphamethoxazole, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin. Resistance to trimethoprim (greater than 8 mg/l) occurred in 8.6-12.2% of strains from the university hospitals (Pseudomonas excluded) and 38.3% of strains from Turku City Hospital. Resistance of Escherichia coli occurred in 4.1-6.2% of strains from the university hospitals and 21% of strains from Turku City Hospital. Proteus mirabilis was the most resistant of the clinically important bacterial species with resistance to trimethoprim in 29-78%. Attention is called for in defining the type of hospital used for a particular study: bacterial resistance in different hospitals cannot be compared direct and one hospital is not necessarily representative for a whole country. After seven years' use of plain trimethoprim the prevalence of resistance in the two university hospitals in Finland was similar to that in a London hospital just before plain trimethoprim was registered for use in Britain. PMID- 6802227 TI - Variations in cancer mortality among local authority areas in England and Wales: relations with environmental factors and search for causes. AB - Geographical variations in specific causes of mortality among the 1366 local authority areas of England and Wales as defined at 1971 were studied by examining extracts from death certificates held on computer tape. Five items of information on each death--year of death, age at death, sex, local authority area of residence, and the underlying cause of death, during the 11 years 1968-78- permitted a more detailed investigation than had been possible before. Analysis of some early results of the study--including maps of mortality for pleural mesothelioma, nasal cancer and bladder cancer--suggested that, despite the known limitations of death certification, systematic study of the mortality of small areas may give clues to aetiological factors in the environment. Analyses relating mortality to the distribution of environmental factors and examining disease profiles of each area may also provide clues. These will be followed up by other methods of study, such as case-control techniques. PMID- 6802228 TI - Attendance for antenatal care. PMID- 6802229 TI - Low doses of factor VIII for selected ankle bleeds in severe haemophilia A. PMID- 6802230 TI - Study of stroke patients in a single general practice. PMID- 6802231 TI - Disappointments, seductions, and resentment. PMID- 6802232 TI - Designing premises in a "shelf". PMID- 6802233 TI - Marital problems presenting to a marriage counsellor. PMID- 6802234 TI - Falling rate of provision of residential care for the elderly. AB - The rapid increase in the number of very aged people has not been accompanied by appropriate expansion of local authority residential facilities. The rate of provision in 1976 was already acknowledged to be inadequate, but data are now presented to show that since then there has been an effective fall in the rate of provision of some 9000 places equivalent to, say, 180 old people's homes of 50 places each. The prospects for the future are even gloomier: public spending cuts and local authority priorities suggest a continuing fall in the rate of provision that can be expected to have a profound effect on the National Health Service, on the burden on families, and on the condition in which old people are obliged to remain "in the community" (where support services have likewise failed to keep pace with demographic change). PMID- 6802235 TI - Incidence and detection of occult hepatic metastases in colorectal carcinoma. AB - Isotope liver scan, ultrasonography, and computed tomography of the liver were performed during the postoperative period in 43 consecutive patients undergoing laparotomy for colorectal carcinoma. Obvious hepatic metastases were detected in six patients at the time of surgery. Eleven patients considered to have a disease free liver at laparotomy developed hepatic metastases during the two-year follow up period. These patients were considered to have had occult hepatic metastases at the time of surgery. Postoperative isotope liver scan, ultrasonography, and computed tomography detected the presence of overt metastases in four, five, and six patients respectively. Of the 11 patients with occult metastases, isotope liver scan, ultrasonography, and computed tomography detected one, three, and nine respectively. These observations suggest that 29% of patients undergoing apparently curative resection for colorectal carcinoma possess occult hepatic metastases and that computed tomography is superior to ultrasonography and isotope liver scan in detecting them. PMID- 6802236 TI - Pleuritic pain: Fitz Hugh Curtis syndrome in a man. PMID- 6802238 TI - "Now, you need an x-ray examination. . . .". PMID- 6802237 TI - How effective are our child health clinics? PMID- 6802239 TI - Confidential Enquiries into Perinatal Deaths. PMID- 6802241 TI - Do general practitioner deliveries constitute a perinatal mortality rate? PMID- 6802240 TI - Endogenous opioid poisoning? PMID- 6802242 TI - Episiotomy. PMID- 6802243 TI - Intravenous amiodarone in atrial fibrillation complicating myocardial infarction. PMID- 6802244 TI - Acute pharyngitis: a symptom scorecard and microbiological diagnosis. PMID- 6802245 TI - Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure. PMID- 6802246 TI - Sexually transmitted disease surveillance. PMID- 6802247 TI - Stopping the haemorrhage from peptic ulcers. PMID- 6802248 TI - Recurrent cancer after restorative resection of the rectum. PMID- 6802249 TI - Do patients cash prescriptions? PMID- 6802251 TI - Defects in proposed regional advisory machinery. PMID- 6802250 TI - Tailoring hospital facilities to needs. PMID- 6802252 TI - Acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis. PMID- 6802253 TI - A new form of community hospital service for the elderly. PMID- 6802254 TI - Exercise testing in the diagnosis of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6802255 TI - The legal threat to medicine. PMID- 6802256 TI - Depression after childbirth. PMID- 6802257 TI - Oral contraceptives and cardiovascular disease: some questions and answers. PMID- 6802258 TI - Reduced amyloid-A-degrading activity in serum in amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The ability to degrade amyloid A fibrils was studied in the serum of 31 patients with amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis, 33 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without amyloidosis, and 47 healthy controls. Fibrillar amyloid A protein and the radial diffusion method were used. The mean degrading activity in serum was significantly lower in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by amyloidosis (58 +/- 19% SD of the activity in a pooled sample of sera from 100 healthy blood donors used as standard) than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis alone (78 +/- 14%; p less than 0.001) or controls (99 +/- 19%; p less than 0.001). Alpha 1-antitrypsin, concentrations of which were raised in both groups of patients, inhibited the degrading activity in serum even in low concentrations. A negative correlation between degrading activity and alpha 1 antitrypsin concentrations was observed. These findings suggest that reduced amyloid-A-degrading activity is due to inhibition rather than to deficiency of enzyme. PMID- 6802259 TI - Effect of venesection on calf blood flow in polycythaemia. AB - Calf blood flow at rest and during postocclusive reactive hyperaemia was measured using an electrocardiogram-triggered plethysmograph in 14 patients with polycythaemia (nine with primary disease and five with polycythaemia secondary to cyanotic heart disease) before and after a course of venesection. The mean packed cell volume was reduced from 0.57 to 0.47, and whole-blood viscosity fell by 50% at low shear rates. Venesection did not affect rest flow, but peak flow was increased by 18%. The increase in peak flow failed to compensate for the reduced haemoglobin content of the blood, calculated haemoglobin delivery being reduced by 23% at rest and 10% during reactive hyperaemia. These results indicate that while venesection improves blood viscosity, this does not necessarily lead to improved delivery of oxygen to the tissues. PMID- 6802260 TI - Does treatment with cimetidine extended beyond initial healing of duodenal ulcer reduce the subsequent relapse rate? AB - Cimetidine 1 g daily is often continued for a fixed period beyond the time of healing of duodenal ulcer on the assumption that it might reduce the subsequent relapse rate. To test this, 194 patients whose ulcers had healed after one month of cimetidine 1 g daily were allocated at random to three groups for further treatment with cimetidine 1 g daily for two months (n = 63) or five months (n = 66) or placebo (n = 65). Thereafter all patients received placebo. Endoscopy was done routinely every three months, or earlier if symptoms recurred. During follow up in the placebo phase, which lasted for up to 25 months, the estimated total proportions of patients in the three groups with symptomatic recurrences of ulcer were 80%, 90%, and 77%, respectively; the corresponding proportions with silent plus symptomatic relapses were 92%, 90%, and 100%. The relapse rates were also similar in all three groups. Statistical analysis showed a significant variation in relapse rate but the differences were regarded as clinically unimportant. These findings show that full-dose cimetidine continued for several months beyond the time of healing of duodenal ulcer dose not decrease the risk of subsequent relapse. PMID- 6802261 TI - Are all born equal? Incidence of febrile convulsions by seasons of birth. AB - To test whether the seasons of birth had an effect on subsequent experience of illness, details were obtained of all Sheffield children born between 1973 and 1977 who were admitted to hospital before their second birthday with a first febrile convulsion. Analysis by date of birth in consecutive 28-day cohorts showed that the incidence of febrile convulsions ranged from 2.5 per thousand live births to 30.2 per thousand in different "month" cohorts. Statistically significant variations were noted in the incidence rates in relation to season and year of birth. The implication is that even large scale epidemiological studies which have been confined to children born in a particular week or month may not be representative of the whole child population. PMID- 6802262 TI - Raised respiratory rate in elderly patients: a valuable physical sign. AB - Measurements of respiratory rate in 82 long-stay patients aged 67-101 years yielded a normal range of 16-25 breaths a minute. In a prospective study of 60 consecutive acute admissions to a geriatric unit, 19 out of 21 patients diagnosed as lower respiratory tract infections had respiratory rates above the upper limit of normal on the day of diagnosis; the rise in respiratory rate preceded the clinical diagnosis. All eight patients who were diagnosed on admission as having a lower respiratory tract infection had a respiratory rate greater than 26, with a mean of 29.7 breaths a minute. Patients admitted for other conditions-for example, urinary tract infection-rarely had respiratory rates outside the normal range. Accurate measurement of respiratory rate is a valuable diagnostic aid in elderly patients. PMID- 6802263 TI - Effect of rubella vaccination programme in schools on rubella immunity in a general practice population. AB - Between November 1979 and January 1980 all patients aged 13-21 years who attended a general practice in Glasgow were tested for their immunity against rubella (single radial haemolysis test). All of the women in the sample should have been vaccinated at 13 as part of the rubella vaccination programme, which began in Glasgow in 1971. The programme excludes boys. Of the 77 females and 64 male patients studied, nine (11.7%) and 10 (15.6%), respectively, were susceptible to the infection. For only 34 women was evidence of vaccination documented in the practice records, and three of those either had failed to seroconvert or had antibody below detectable values. Overall there was no significant differences between the proportion of men and women who were susceptible to the disease. The rubella vaccination programme had clearly failed to reduce the number of susceptible women in this practice. Hence the immune state of all girls should be checked at about 15 years of age, so that as many as possible may be rendered immune before they leave school. PMID- 6802264 TI - Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. PMID- 6802266 TI - Ovulation side and occurrence of mittelschmerz in spontaneous and induced ovarian cycles. PMID- 6802265 TI - Renal function after prolonged consumption of aspirin. PMID- 6802267 TI - London Youth Advisory Centre. PMID- 6802268 TI - Safer prescribing. Four traps for the prescribing doctor. PMID- 6802269 TI - Report of Joint Working Party on the Training of Clinical Medical Officers in Child Health. PMID- 6802271 TI - A stressful life. PMID- 6802270 TI - Peterborough Hospital at Home scheme. AB - The Peterborough Hospital at Home Scheme had explored the possibilities of treating at home patients who, if it were not for the scheme, would be in hospital. The scheme has been enthusiastically received by patients, consultants, general practitioners, nurses, and other health care workers. It is difficult to compare costs. Nevertheless, the cost of Hospital at Home care cannot be regarded as too expensive compared with care in hospital. Establishment of such schemes elsewhere would affect future allocation of capital. PMID- 6802272 TI - Changing attitudes in the management of urinary incontinence-the need for specialist nursing. AB - Much interest has been shown recently in the plight of the incontinent patient and how incontinence should be managed. Incontinence has a complex aetiology and may be part of many medical and social problems. Because there is a delay between completing investigations and making a diagnosis we have established a system of nursing care. Initially this was meant to provide the person protective garments and appliances, but it now covers management in both the community and the hospital. The preliminary results show that patient assessment is effective and that specialist nurses and a co-ordinated scheme to educate both doctors and nurses are needed. PMID- 6802273 TI - Carbon monoxide poisoning in an infant. PMID- 6802274 TI - Population growth and contraception in Africa. PMID- 6802275 TI - The starving of the medical schools. PMID- 6802276 TI - Alcohol and alcoholism. PMID- 6802277 TI - Smiles about rickets, gloom over whooping cough. PMID- 6802278 TI - Hepatitis B carriage and dental treatment. PMID- 6802279 TI - Dental anaesthesia and mortality. PMID- 6802280 TI - Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer. PMID- 6802281 TI - Blood pressures that fall on rechecking. PMID- 6802282 TI - Primary health care in residential homes for the elderly. PMID- 6802283 TI - Retroperitoneal fibrosis associated with metoprolol. PMID- 6802284 TI - Hyperosmolar non-ketotic diabetic syndrome precipitated by treatment with diuretics. PMID- 6802285 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia as presenting feature of lymphoma. PMID- 6802286 TI - Cancer and patients with end-stage renal failure. PMID- 6802288 TI - Gastric cancer. PMID- 6802287 TI - Family study of antipyrine clearance. PMID- 6802289 TI - Priorities for immunisation against hepatitis B. PMID- 6802292 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia during treatment for acute leukaemia. AB - Nine patients with acute leukaemia developed a complex syndrome of hypocalcaemia and hypomagnesaemia during treatment. These metabolic abnormalities developed rapidly in some patients and gave rise to acute symptoms. Immunoreactive parathormone concentrations in these patients were found to be either absolutely or inappropriately low. Hypomagnesaemia and the action of chemotherapeutic agents, especially adriamycin or cytarabine, or both may have contributed to the pathogenesis of this syndrome. PMID- 6802290 TI - Captopril in renovascular hypertension: long-term use in predicting surgical outcome. AB - The angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor captopril was used as long-term preoperative treatment in a series of hypertensive patients with unilateral renal arterial disease. There were immediate and sustained falls in plasma angiotensin II and aldosterone concentrations, with converse increases in circulating renin and angiotensin I. In patients with sodium and potassium deficiency and secondary aldosterone excess before treatment captopril corrected the sodium and potassium deficits; in these cases the initial hypotensive response was profound but the later effect was less pronounced. When sodium and potassium state was initially normal it remained unchanged during captopril treatment, while the full hypotensive effect took up to three weeks to be attained. The immediate, but not long-term, falls in arterial pressure with captopril were proportional to the immediate decrements of plasma angiotensin II. Nevertheless, while the immediate blood-pressure reduction with captopril variously overestimated and underestimated the eventual surgical response, the absolute blood-pressure values during long-term captopril related well with those after operation. Pretreatment plasma renin and angiotensin II concentrations, while closely predicting the immediate captopril response, are fallible guides to surgical prognosis. In contrast, long-term treatment with converting-enzyme inhibitors may provide an accurate indication of surgical outcome. PMID- 6802291 TI - Captopril in essential hypertension; contrasting effects of adding hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol. AB - Twenty-four patients with moderate to severe hypertension were treated for four weeks with captopril, an oral inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme. The fall in blood pressure with captopril alone correlated with pretreatment plasma renin activity. The effect of adding either hydrochlorothiazide or propranolol to the captopril treatment was then studied. The addition of hydrochlorothiazide to captopril produced a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure. At the higher dose of the diuretic this fall in blood pressure correlated with weight loss, suggesting that when the diuretic-induced compensatory rise in angiotensin II is prevented by captopril the fall in blood pressure becomes dependent on loss of sodium and water. In contrast, the addition of propranolol to captopril produced no further fall in blood pressure, suggesting that inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme prevents the blood pressure lowering effect of propranolol. This may have implications for the mechanism whereby beta-blockers alone lower blood pressure. These contrasting effects of hydrochlorothiazide and propranolol in the presence of captopril indicate that in patients whose hypertension is not controlled by captopril alone the addition of increasing doses of diuretic is likely to control the blood pressure. The addition of a beta-blocker, however, is less likely to be effective. PMID- 6802293 TI - Therapeutic control of anticoagulant treatment. AB - Control of anticoagulant treatment was studied in 250 patients. One hundred and fifty patients receiving long-term anticoagulant treatment (group 1) were studied for 52 weeks and the remaining 100 (group 2) for 12 weeks after discharge from hospital. The desired British correlated ratio range was 2.5-3.3, and a range of 2.3-3.5 was classified as satisfactory. In group 1 a satisfactory ratio was obtained for 70% of the study period and 120 of the 150 patients were maintained within this range for over 60% of the time. In group 2 only half of the patients were maintained within the satisfactory range and for 50% of the study period or less. The time and effort expended in therapeutic control were more than most clinics could afford, and the results for group 2 were disappointing. The standard of long-term anticoagulant treatment should be improved by continuous review of control and by "therapeutic quality control." PMID- 6802294 TI - Lhermitte's sign in Behcet's disease. PMID- 6802295 TI - Reversible oesophageal dysphagia and long-term ingestion of chlormethiazole. PMID- 6802297 TI - Reuse of flow-directed balloon-tipped catheters. PMID- 6802296 TI - Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6802298 TI - Factors associated with age at diagnosis of breast cancer. PMID- 6802299 TI - "Non-accidental injury" and wild parsnips. PMID- 6802300 TI - Organising preventive medicine. PMID- 6802301 TI - Variations of plasma potassium concentrations during long-term treatment of hypertension with diuretics without potassium supplements. PMID- 6802302 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6802303 TI - Auditory screening of school children: fact or fallacy? PMID- 6802304 TI - Flexibility in general professional training. PMID- 6802305 TI - Microcomputer system in an accident unit. AB - A microcomputer-based records system has been developed for use in the accident unit of a district general hospital. Patient details are entered directly at the reception desk and the computer generates a casualty card that is updated after the patient has been seen by the doctor, who determines the diagnosis to be recorded and specifies the injury coding. Information is stored on floppy discs, each holding the details of 3400 patients. The computer is used to produce a daily log-book of attendances, including revisits. The stored data may be examined and analysed for both administrative and medical purposes. The work load can be rapidly analysed according to various options that include the nature, type, and site of injuries. The system was introduced in December 1980. Location within the unit allows control over its operation, and many of the limitations of a manual system have been overcome. PMID- 6802306 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: services for children: primary care. PMID- 6802309 TI - Will breast self-examination save lives? PMID- 6802310 TI - New form for termination of pregnancy. PMID- 6802308 TI - Ulcers and anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 6802307 TI - Shortening waiting lists in orthopaedic surgery outpatient clinics. AB - There is a long waiting list for orthopaedic outpatient appointments in South Glamorgan Area Health Authority as elsewhere. A detailed study of that waiting list was undertaken to identify factors that might lead to its better management and reduction. One-third of patients on the list failed to attend when appointments were offered. A postal-questionnaire to all those listed as waiting confirmed that many no longer sought specialist orthopaedic consultation. Another third of the patients reported that they had been treated previously for the same orthopaedic problem. It is concluded that improved management of long outpatient waiting lists could be achieved by correspondence with referring general practitioners to weed out those patients who no longer wish to attend, to reduce the burden of reviews and re-referrals of patients with "chronic" conditions, and to request priorities fairly so that earlier appointments may be offered to truly "new" patients with treatable or with potentially serious conditions. PMID- 6802312 TI - Augmented home nursing as an alternative to hospital care for chronic elderly invalids. PMID- 6802311 TI - Discharge of preterm babies from neonatal units. PMID- 6802313 TI - Faecal peritonitis after laxative preparation for barium enema. PMID- 6802314 TI - "Home brew" compared with commercial preparation for enteral feeding. PMID- 6802316 TI - Dog bites man. PMID- 6802315 TI - Avascular necrosis of bone after high doses of dexamethasone during neurosurgery. PMID- 6802317 TI - Smoking and IgE levels. PMID- 6802318 TI - Epidemiology: malaria 1980. PMID- 6802319 TI - Drugs, self-treatment, and the law. PMID- 6802320 TI - Elective surgery after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6802321 TI - Duodenogastric reflux: is there any progress? PMID- 6802322 TI - Families in high-rise flats. PMID- 6802323 TI - Renal failure--dilemmas and developments. PMID- 6802324 TI - Failure of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing to predict postoperative sepsis and mortality. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to a battery of recall antigens, haemoglobin and albumin concentrations, arm-muscle circumference, and percentage of ideal weight were determined before operation in 244 patients undergoing elective major surgery. Depressed skin reactions were found in 70 patients (28%), but this group did not have significantly higher sepsis or mortality rates when compared with patients with normal reactions. Significant associations were found between depressed skin reactions and increasing age, anaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, low arm-muscle circumference, and low weight. Patients with benign and malignant disease had similar distributions of skin reactions. Hypoalbuminaemia was associated with a higher rate of serious postoperative sepsis, and hypoalbuminaemia, low arm-muscle circumference, and low weight were all associated with a higher mortality. These results suggest that the routine use of delayed hypersensitivity skin testing in the preoperative assessment of surgical patients is not justified. PMID- 6802325 TI - Turnover rate of anti-D IgG injected during pregnancy. AB - Anti-D IgG was injected into 15 Rh-negative women in the 28th week of gestation and into three non-pregnant women. The uptake of anti-D after the intramuscular injections was calculated by measuring the concentration of antibody in the plasma with an autoanalyser. The biological half life and the catabolic rate of anti-D IgG were calculated according to a compartmental model. The recovery in vivo of anti-D was an average 24% in the non-pregnant women and 21% in the pregnant women. The half life of anti-D were 24 and 21 days, respectively. With a dose of 125 micrograms the plasma anti-D concentration was less than 1 ng/ml at about 10 weeks after the injection. With double the dose the concentration at delivery was at least 1 ng/ml. Although 250 micrograms of anti-D IgG seems to be effective when given in the 28th weeks of gestation, the great individual variations in uptake and recovery rates will lead to occasional cases of Rh immunisation during pregnancy despite all routine regimens. PMID- 6802326 TI - Hypophosphataemia after parathyroidectomy in chronic renal failure. AB - Out of 24 patients receiving haemodialysis who were subjected to parathyroidectomy, 13 developed hypophosphataemia; this persisted for 3-52 weeks (mean 10.6 weeks). Before operation these 13 patients had had significantly higher plasma alkaline phosphatase activities (p less than 0.01) and significantly higher values in iliac crest bone biopsy samples for active resorption surface and active formation surface (p less than 0.05 in each case) than the group who remained normophosphataemic. Significantly more of the patients who remained normophosphataemic had shown periarticular calcification in preoperative skeletal radiographs (p less than 0.001). Hypophosphataemia may result from reduced mobilisation of phosphate from bone or its increased accretion into bone, and resorption of phosphate from periarticular mineral deposits may protect against development. PMID- 6802327 TI - Controlled trial of slow-release aminophylline in childhood asthma: are short term trials valid? AB - Slow-release aminophylline, although widely used for the prophylaxis of childhood asthma, has had only limited formal assessment. A four-month double-blind cross over trial of slow-release aminophylline (14 mg/kg twice daily) was carried out in 24 children with perennial asthma. Satisfactory serum theophylline concentrations were obtained in 17 children, with few side effects. There was a significant improvement in mild daytime and night-time symptoms. The incidence of more severe symptoms was unaffected. Treatment did not improve the mean peak expiratory flow or reduce the incidence of use of bronchodilators. It is concluded that slow-release aminophylline has a place in the prophylaxis of perennial childhood asthma but is unsuitable for children who suffer from severe attacks. The cross-over trial design has severe limitations. PMID- 6802328 TI - Occupational asthma caused by allergy to pigs' urine. PMID- 6802329 TI - Sustained ventricular fibrillation in deep accidental hypothermia. PMID- 6802330 TI - Oral contraception in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. PMID- 6802331 TI - Removable subcuticular skin suture in acute appendicitis: a prospective comparative clinical trial. PMID- 6802332 TI - Tamoxifen as initial sole treatment of localised breast cancer in elderly women: a pilot study. PMID- 6802333 TI - Propranolol, oxprenolol, and sclerosing peritonitis. PMID- 6802334 TI - Use of accident and emergency department by patients from one general practice. PMID- 6802335 TI - Organising health education. PMID- 6802336 TI - The GP and the specialist. Psychiatry. PMID- 6802337 TI - Lichfield: Academic support practice. PMID- 6802338 TI - Fourth goal of perinatal medicine. AB - Reduction in maternal mortality, infant mortality, and infant morbidity have been successively the goals of perinatal medicine. The fourth is to reduce bonding failure. In July 1978 a preventive service was started in the John Radcliffe Maternity Hospital. A twice-weekly round is made. Midwives refer families who cause them concern. In the first year the referral rate ws 20.5 per 1000 liveborn babies. The referred sample differed from the hospital population in terms of maternal psychiatric history, marital state and babies' admission to special care. The main reasons for referral were: doubt about parenting ability (27%), psychiatric history (15%), disturbed behaviour in hospital (14%), and diffuse social and medical problems (17%). Long-term care was needed for only 14% of families. At their first birthdays, six babies were placed away from their natural parents; the sample had had a slightly higher than expected admission rate to hospital; the distribution of weights did not differ from the expected; doctors and health visitors were still concerned about one-quarter of the families. Seven cases of screening failure were found among those not referred to our service, but only one was seriously abused. No child referred in the first year has been seriously neglected or abused. PMID- 6802339 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: whooping cough. PMID- 6802340 TI - A Swedish report on acute myocardial infarction in 1859. PMID- 6802341 TI - Inspecting the hospitals. PMID- 6802342 TI - Correspondence. PMID- 6802343 TI - Population growth and contraception in Africa. PMID- 6802344 TI - Crying wolf on drug safety. PMID- 6802345 TI - Lead in petrol. PMID- 6802346 TI - Advances in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6802347 TI - Generic prescribing and the drug industry. PMID- 6802348 TI - Thin students for thin medical schools. PMID- 6802349 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and a Marfanoid habitus. PMID- 6802350 TI - Immunotherapy reassessed. PMID- 6802351 TI - Preventive medicine in general practice. PMID- 6802352 TI - Blood gas analysis: effect of air bubbles in syringe and delay in estimation. AB - Two common sources of error in blood pH and blood gas analysis were studied. The effect of delay in estimation was studied in 10 volunteers and 40 patients. Syringes were stored at 0 degree C, (crushed ice), 4 degrees C (refrigerator) and 22 degrees C (room temperature). The pressure of oxygen (PO2) fell significantly by 20 minutes at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C but did not change significantly at 0 degree C for up to 30 minutes. Blood pH, pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), and base excess did not change significantly for up to 30 minutes at 4 degrees C and 22 degrees C and up to 60 minutes at 0 degrees C. The effect of air bubbles in the syringe was studied by leaving a single bubble or froth in contact with the blood for one to five minutes in 40 patients. Po2 rose significantly after two minutes' contact with froth and two minutes' contact with the air bubble, and PCO2 fell significantly after three minutes' contact with the air bubble. Size of the bubble had little effect on rates of change. Blood pH, bicarbonate, TCO2, and base excess did not change significantly after up to five minutes' contact. For accurate estimation of PO2 and PCO2 it is necessary to avoid frothing, to expel all air bubbles within two minutes, and to inject the sample into the machine within 10 minutes or store the syringe in crushed ice. The requirements for blood pH and base excess measurement are less exacting. PMID- 6802353 TI - Intravenous naloxone in acute respiratory failure. AB - A 58-year-old man presented with acute on chronic respiratory failure. In the acute stage of his illness an infusion of the opiate antagonist naloxone caused an improvement in oxygen saturation as measured by ear oximetry from 74% to 85%, while a saline infusion resulted in a return of oxygen saturation to the original value. When he had recovered from the acute episode the same dose of naloxone had no effect on oxygen saturation. These findings suggest that in acute respiratory failure there may be overproduction of, or increased sensitivity to, endorphins. PMID- 6802354 TI - Medial arterial calcification and diabetic neuropathy. AB - X-ray examinations of the feet, knees, and hands were performed on 20 diabetics with severe neuropathy and 20 diabetics with no evidence of neuropathy but with a similar mean age and duration of diabetes. All were under 53 years old with no clinical evidence of peripheral vascular disease. Medial arterial calcification was much more common and extensive in the patients with neuropathy, occurring in the feet in 15 and in the hands in eight compared with in four (p less than 0.001) and none (p less than 0.001) of the controls respectively. Although there was some correlation between calcification and both proteinuria (p less than 0.05) and proliferative retinopathy (p less than 0.02), the association between calcification and neuropathy (p less than 0.001) was much stronger. Neuropathy, with sympathetic denervation of the smooth muscle of the tunica media, may be important in the aetiology of medial arterial calcification. PMID- 6802355 TI - Neonatal screening for sickle haemoglobinopathies in Birmingham. AB - During 1978-81 there were about 43,500 births in Birmingham, of which 10.3% were to Negroes and 22.6% to Asians. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis of red cell haemolysates from capillary specimens collected for phenylketonuria screening was performed for these babies to assess the feasibility, cost, and benefits of detecting sickle haemoglobinopathies early. Eight babies had important haemoglobinopathies; four were homozygotes for haemoglobin S (HbS), three were mixed heterozygotes for HbS and haemoglobin C (HbC), and one had haemoglobin E (HbE) and beta-thalassemia. Also, 534 (1.19%) were heterozygotes for HbS or haemoglobin D (HbD) and 205 (0.46%) for HbC or HbE, 453 (1.01%) were heterozygotes with a fast-moving band, one was a heterozygote for haemoglobin Norfolk, and one a heterozygote for both HbS and haemoglobin G Philadelphia. The cost of neonatal screening for haemoglobinopathies was 12.5 p per baby (705 pounds for each serious abnormality). PMID- 6802357 TI - Acute renal failure in dense deposit disease: recovery after plasmapheresis. PMID- 6802356 TI - Hydralazine, antinuclear antibodies, and the lupus syndrome. AB - The incidence of patients with positive antinuclear antibody test results rose during three years of treatment with hydralazine. At the end of that period over half of the patients (both rapid and slow acetylators) had titres exceeding 1/20, but the rate of rise was faster in the slow acetylators than in the rapid. There was a significant relation between the cumulative dose of hydralazine and the proportion of patients found to have antinuclear factors. Fewer black patients had positive test results than white. Patients whose antinuclear antibody test results changed fron negative to positive during the study showed this change five to 26 months after beginning treatment. Some patients showed a substantial fall in antinuclear antibody titre even though hydralazine was continued. From these findings patients in whom test results for antinuclear antibody became positive during treatment with hydralazine need not have the drug stopped unless they have clinical features of the lupus syndrome. PMID- 6802358 TI - C-peptide suppression test and sulphonylurea-induced factitious hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6802360 TI - Self-poisoning with sustained-release aminophylline: secondary rise in serum theophylline concentration after charcoal haemoperfusion. PMID- 6802359 TI - Importance of thyroxine in suppressing secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone after thyroidectomy. PMID- 6802361 TI - Comfortable splinting for intravenous infusion. PMID- 6802362 TI - Domperidone in the prevention of complete classical migraine. PMID- 6802363 TI - What does it mean? PMID- 6802364 TI - Advantages of deputising services: a personal view. PMID- 6802365 TI - Leicestershire: encouraging specialisation in a general practice. PMID- 6802366 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6802367 TI - Missed injuries of the spinal cord. AB - Damage to the spinal cord had not been recognised initially in 15 patients out of a consecutive series of 353 admitted over a decade to the National Spinal Injuries Centre with paralysis due to trauma to the cord. In some patients the missed diagnosis led to mismanagement and a greater neurological deficit. Missed injuries of the spinal cord are seen in patients with multiple injuries and head injuries and in those without any paralysis. Various radiological errors contribute to the failure to recognise the vertebral injury. In addition to causing severe disability to the victim these missed and mismanaged injuries of the spinal cord cost the National Health Service large sums in compensation. A careful evaluation of the history of each accident, with greater awareness of the potential of certain types of accidents to cause spinal cord injury, should reduce the incidence of missed injuries of the spinal cord. PMID- 6802368 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerians who live in Britain. PMID- 6802369 TI - General-practitioner obstetrics: two styles of care. AB - Two systems of general-practitioner obstetric care currently in use in England are compared. In one (Oxford) a large number of doctors, working with community midwives, have autonomous responsibility for the management of patients whose condition conforms with defined booking criteria. In the other (Dulwich) two practitioners, working with hospital midwives, operate a minimal selection policy, but all their patients are reviewed at 36 weeks' gestation by a specialist obstetrician. Despite the differing selection policies which created incongruities in the groups in respect of age, social class, and birthweight distribution, the outcomes in terms of mode of delivery showed no significant differences. The perinatal mortality rates were also similar and appeared to be better than those achieved nationally. PMID- 6802370 TI - A chronic epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a comprehensive school. AB - An epidemic of hysterical blackouts in a modern comprehensive school affected 60 teenage girls and three boys, who from September 1978 to June 1980 had a total of 447 blackouts. The chronic nature of the epidemic was unusual, and several reasons for this emerged. The visible impact of the epidemic was diluted by the large size of the school and because affected pupils used general-practitioner services and hospital departments in the neighbourhood. As a result, eight received inappropriate treatment for epilepsy, and this may have helped to establish the behaviour pattern within the school. In addition, a small core of eight girls with a high incidence of behaviour and family problems were repeatedly affected and may have acted as triggers for new cases. Once medical supervision was centered on one neurology outpatient clinic the epidemic gradually resolved. PMID- 6802371 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: services for children: outpatient clinics and day care. PMID- 6802374 TI - How effective are our child health clinics? PMID- 6802372 TI - Comparison of surgical and medical management of bleeding peptic ulcers. PMID- 6802373 TI - Hypokalaemia and xipamide. PMID- 6802375 TI - Case clustering in pityriasis rosea: support for role of an infective agent. PMID- 6802376 TI - Effect of rubella vaccination programme in schools on rubella immunity in a general practice population. PMID- 6802378 TI - Therapeutic control of anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6802377 TI - Dental anaesthesia and mortality. PMID- 6802379 TI - Depression after childbirth. PMID- 6802380 TI - "Home brew' compared with commercial preparation for enteral feeding. PMID- 6802381 TI - Serum retinol and the inverse relationship between serum cholesterol and cancer. PMID- 6802382 TI - 150 years of the British Medical Association. Annual Report of Council 1981-1982. PMID- 6802383 TI - Improved control of brittle Parkinsonism by separate administration of levodopa and benserazide. AB - A 59-year-old woman who had had Parkinsonism for 12 years was treated with orphenadrine and levodopa combined with a dopa carboxylase inhibitor. The initial response was good, but after several years' treatment her condition alternated between severe bradykinesia and incapacitating, violent chorea, interspersed with short periods of mobility. A new regimen was devised, using levodopa in capsules of 40 mg and benserazide in separate capsules of 10 or 25 mg. Levodopa 40 mg was taken at intervals of half to two and a half hours, usually with benserazide 10 mg but alone in the late morning and evening. Additional benserazide was required one hour after lunch. With this regimen her condition was greatly improved, though she still had an abnormal gait and spells of bradykinesia and chorea. Separate, frequent small doses of levodopa and benserazide may give better control of brittle Parkinsonism. PMID- 6802384 TI - Nicotine concentrations in urine and saliva of smokers and non-smokers. AB - Nicotine concentrations were measured in saliva and urine samples collected from 82 smokers and 56 non-smokers after a morning at work. Each subject answered a series of questions related to their recent intentional or passive exposure to tobacco smoke. All non-smokers had measurable amounts of nicotine in both saliva and urine. Those non-smokers who reported recent exposure to tobacco smoke had significantly higher nicotine concentrations (p less than 0.001) than those who had not been exposed; their concentrations overlapped those of smokers who had smoked up to three cigarettes before sampling had the greatest influence on nicotine concentrations (r=0.62 for saliva and r=0.51 for urine). Neither the nicotine for yield of cigarettes nor the self-reported degree of inhalation had any significant effect on nicotine concentrations. PMID- 6802385 TI - Analysis of trends in cancer mortality in England and Wales during 1951-80 separating changes associated with period of birth and period of death. AB - Cancer mortality rates in England and Wales were analysed so to describe simultaneously changes affecting successive generations--that is, associated with period of birth--as well as changes associated with the period of which the deaths took place. When mortality from all cancers was considered the analysis implied that, contrary to a widely held view, the rate of death from cancer had been declining in each sex in successive generations. For men the decline had occurred in generations born since 1900, whereas for women the peak came in the 1925 birth group. On the other hand, there had been little decline in the rates associated with period of death. Five examples of cancers of specific organs for which the trends contrasted are shown. PMID- 6802386 TI - Respiratory infections in the first year of life in children at risk of developing atopy. AB - Ninety-two infants, each of whom had one parent with asthma or hay fever, were followed up from birth to age of 1 year and 72 to the age of three years. During the first year of life respiratory symptoms, eczema, and respiratory viral infections were all reported. Within the first year 24 babies developed eczema; 28 had a wheal of 1 mm in diameter or more on prick skin testing with cutaneous allergens. Forty-three children had one or both of these characteristics and formed an atopic subgroup; by the same criteria, 49 children were non-atopic. The number of respiratory infections in the two groups was not significantly different; similar viruses were isolated from both groups. These viruses were associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections. Wheezing was a clinical feature in 12 children during lower respiratory tract infections. Of these babies six were atopic in the first year of life. Of the six non-atopic babies, one had eczema in the second year and five children developed raised total serum IgE values within the 3 years. PMID- 6802387 TI - Spinal decompression sickness with delayed onset, delayed treatment, and full recovery. PMID- 6802388 TI - Intraspinal opiates and itching: a new reflex? PMID- 6802390 TI - A case for change? PMID- 6802389 TI - What is preventable? PMID- 6802391 TI - Routine colonic lavage is unnecessary for double-contrast barium enema in outpatients. AB - Four different cleansing regimens were assessed in a prospective survey of 435 patients referred for barium enema. A regimen using simple dietary instructions and laxatives is as effective as a preliminary cleansing enema. It is suggested that routine cleansing enemas in outpatients represent an unnecessary and uncomfortable ritual that might usefully be abandoned. PMID- 6802392 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. 1 services for children: accident and emergency departments and inpatients. PMID- 6802393 TI - Drinking and smoking in the land of the long white cloud. PMID- 6802394 TI - The hyperkinetic child: two views. PMID- 6802395 TI - How women view postepisiotomy pain. PMID- 6802397 TI - "Total allergy". PMID- 6802396 TI - Auditory screening of school children: fact or fallacy? PMID- 6802398 TI - Accuracy of early estimation of maturity. PMID- 6802399 TI - Effects of alcohol and smoking on blood lead in middle-aged British men. PMID- 6802400 TI - Hyponatraemia in legionnaires' disease. PMID- 6802401 TI - Calcification of radiolucent gall stones during treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid. PMID- 6802402 TI - Contractual arrangements: NHS use of the private sector. PMID- 6802403 TI - Long-term complications of valve replacement. PMID- 6802404 TI - Measles eradication policies. PMID- 6802405 TI - What has happened to charity? PMID- 6802407 TI - What is happening to peptic ulcer? PMID- 6802406 TI - Pregnancy and immunological disorders. PMID- 6802408 TI - Additive antianginal effect of verapamil in patients receiving propranolol. AB - Ten men with stable angina pectoris not fully relieved by optimal doses of propranolol (mean 218 mg daily) were given a single oral dose of 120 mg verapamil or a placebo on alternate mornings; the order of treatment was double blind. Patients had trained in a protocol that precipitated angina after three to six minutes of exercise on a bicycle ergometer. On test days, and with continued propranolol treatment, bicycle exercise was performed just before the administration of verapamil or placebo and hourly thereafter for eight hours. Mean exercise tolerance was 118 seconds greater one hour after verapamil than one hour after placebo (p <0.001), and a significant though somewhat diminished difference of 66 seconds was still present at six hours (p <0.01). Verapamil lowered resting systolic blood pressure by 12 mm Hg (p <0.01) without changing heart rate. None of the 10 patients showed adverse effects from the verapamil propranolol combination.The results of this study suggest that verapamil is a highly effective antianginal supplement to propranolol. PMID- 6802409 TI - Atopy predisposing to acute bronchiolitis during an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus. AB - Thirty-one infants admitted to hospital with acute bronchiolitis during an epidemic of respiratory syncytial virus were compared with a control group of 32 infants to establish whether the two groups differed in atopic background. Past history of respiratory illness, eczema, and present reactions to skin testing differed significantly between the two groups. Thus, infants with acute bronchiolitis had a significantly higher atopic predisposition than the controls. PMID- 6802410 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of forearm muscle in Duchenne dystrophy. AB - The forearms of six patients with Duchenne dystrophy were examined by the painless and non-invasive technique of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The phosphorus spectrum was abnormal in that the ratios of phosphocreatine to adenosine triphosphate and to inorganic phosphate were reduced. Absolute quantification under the conditions of this experiment was not possible but it was probable that in dystrophy the concentration of phosphocreatine in muscle was appreciably reduced. A signal in the phosphodiester region of the spectrum was recorded consistently in patients with dystrophy but not in controls. The intracellular pH of the muscle in the dystrophic patients was abnormally alkaline. The clinical application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy remains to be proved, but it appears to be a promising non-invasive technique for investigating biochemical abnormalities of muscle disease. PMID- 6802411 TI - Auscultatory percussion of the head. AB - Eighty-nine consecutive patients with suspected intracranial masses were examined by auscultatory percussion in a blind study to assess the sensitivity of the procedure. Each patient underwent computed tomography (CT) of the brain as part of his medical care, and the results were compared with those of auscultatory percussion. Fifty-one of the patients had abnormal CT scans, of whom 44 (86%) had abnormal (positive) findings on auscultatory percussion; seven (13%) yielded false-negative results. Each of the patients with subdural haematomas had distinctly positive findings by auscultatory percussion. Of the 38 patients with normal CT scans, 11 had strokes with hemiparesis, and each had positive findings in the contralateral hemisphere by auscultatory percussion. The remaining 27 patients with normal CT scans were healthy; 25 had normal findings on auscultatory percussion, two (7%) gave false-positive results. Twenty subjects were studied with phonoscopy. Auscultatory percussion is easy to perform and is clinically useful. PMID- 6802413 TI - Survival and desferrioxamine in thalassaemia major. AB - A small randomised trial and observation of all patients homozygous for beta thalassaemia in Britain born in or before 1963 indicated that those patients who had received average weekly doses of more than 4 g of desferrioxamine over the previous few years were less likely to die in the near future than were patients of similar ages who had received less, or no, desferrioxamine. PMID- 6802412 TI - Trial of three-day and ten-day courses of amoxycillin in otitis media. AB - A randomised double-blind controlled trial compared three-day and 10-day courses of amoxycillin (25 mg/kg daily) in children with otitis media. Seventeen doctors from five centres admitted 84 children between the ages of 2 and 10 years. Symptoms and signs were measured on admission to the trial, on day 3, and on day 15. Mother's observations were recorded daily for 10 days. Audiograms were performed at four and 12 weeks after the end of the trial. The treatment groups showed little difference in the speed of resolution of symptoms and signs, the numbers of primary treatment failures, or the frequency of recurrent ear infections. There were no complications in either group. Most children with otitis media can probably be successfully and safely treated with no more than a three-day course of amoxycillin providing their progress is reviewed about the fifth or sixth day after treatment started. This policy could save over 1 million pounds annually in antibiotic costs. PMID- 6802414 TI - Importance of short-term changes in glycosylated haemoglobin. PMID- 6802415 TI - Severe hyponatraemia and cardiac failure successfully treated with captopril. PMID- 6802416 TI - Smoking among patients with malignant hypertension. PMID- 6802417 TI - Rubella prevention: two methods compared. PMID- 6802418 TI - Organising a practice. A case against deputising services. PMID- 6802419 TI - Opportunities for prevention: the consultation. PMID- 6802420 TI - A plain man's guide to the management of migraine. PMID- 6802422 TI - Pulmonary embolism in surgical patients: 1959-79. AB - The Edinburgh surgical statistics (audit) have been analysed for the years 1959, 1964, 1969, 1974, and 1979 to determine the trends in pulmonary embolism in surgical patients who died. There was a total of 61,038 operations, 1528 postoperative deaths, 804 necropsies, and 158 reported pulmonary emboli. The incidence of embolism diagnosed clinically and at necropsy fell throughout the period. This fall held good after corrections for necropsy rates, prognosis, and proportions of major operations. Although the overall necropsy rate fell from 58% to 40%, in patients expected to have a good prognosis the rate rose from 68% to 75%. Necropsy-proved embolism in "good prognosis" patients fell from 0.5% to 0.15% per 100 major operations. The main reduction has taken place since most surgeons in the area adopted methods of prophylaxis against venous thrombosis, but a direct relationship is not proved by this study. PMID- 6802423 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Services for children: social services. PMID- 6802421 TI - Combined short-stay/day surgery/investigation unit in a district general hospital. PMID- 6802424 TI - Unemployment and health in the United States. PMID- 6802425 TI - Effect of rubella vaccination programme in schools on rubella immunity in a general practice population. PMID- 6802426 TI - Myocardial infarction in Carlisle in 1783. PMID- 6802427 TI - Acetazolamide and symptomatic metabolic acidosis in mild renal failure. PMID- 6802428 TI - Circadian variation in disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6802429 TI - Oestrogen receptors and survival in early breast cancer. PMID- 6802430 TI - The perils of abstention? PMID- 6802432 TI - Renal function after prolonged consumption of aspirin. PMID- 6802431 TI - Bronchial hyperreactivity to distilled water and saline. PMID- 6802433 TI - Discrepancy in results from three guaiacum resin tests. PMID- 6802434 TI - Methadone produces prolonged postoperative analgesia. PMID- 6802435 TI - Will breast self-examination save lives? PMID- 6802436 TI - Captopril in renovascular hypertension: long-term use in predicting surgical outcome. PMID- 6802437 TI - Sinus arrest during treatment with amiodarone. PMID- 6802438 TI - Alcoholism in the Third World. PMID- 6802439 TI - Effects of tampon components on growth and dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Six components used in vaginal tampons were tested for their effects on a strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from a patient with disseminated infection. Tampon components containing carboxymethyl cellulose or its derivative prolonged the in-vitro survival of gonococci and, when injected with mucin into mice, significantly (P less than 0.0001) increased the dissemination of gonococci from the peritoneal cavity. In contrast, a component extracted from rayon tampons reduced in-vitro survival and appeared to suppress gonococcal dissemination in mice. Since tampons are used by a large number of women at a time when the risk of developing complications from venereal infections are increased, their effects on potential urogenital pathogens warrant further study. PMID- 6802440 TI - Rapidity and reliability of gonococcal identification by coagglutination after culture on modified New York City medium. AB - The combination of culture on modified New York City (MNYC) medium and identification of neisserial isolates by the Phadebact gonococcus test was evaluated in routine laboratory practice. The sensitivity of coagglutination was 96.7% (318/329 isolates) and that of immunofluorescence (IF) 97.9% (322/329 isolates); the specificity of both methods was 96.8% (120/124 isolates). Of the 329 gonococcal isolates, 286 (86.9%) could be tested by coagglutination and 309 (93.9%) by IF after only 24 hours' incubation. Identification by coagglutination from primary cultures on MNYC medium is considered to be very rapid, simple, and efficient for the cultural diagnosis of anogenital gonorrhoea in women and urethral gonorrhoea in men. Because of the high prevalence of meningococci in the pharynx and their not infrequent occurrence in the anorectum of homosexual men the identity of isolates from these sites is best confirmed by sugar utilisation tests. PMID- 6802441 TI - Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by Martin-Lewis medium. Epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and plasma analysis. AB - A study was undertaken on the premise that if an increase of 1 microgram/ml in the concentration of vancomycin in Martin-Lewis medium (MLM) could improve inhibition of Gram-positive cocci, then a concomitant increase in the inhibition of gonococci could also occur. Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that failed to grow on MLM accounted for 18-5% of all positive culture results for gonorrhoea. The incidence of isolates susceptible to vancomycin was 14% and of those susceptible to trimethoprim 2.4%; one isolate was susceptible to both vancomycin and trimethoprim. The antibiotic-susceptible isolates were more frequently isolated from asymptomatic white men. Plasmid analysis showed that the 2.4 megadalton cryptic plasmic was absent in the vancomycin-susceptible isolates. The large proportion of isolates failing to grow on selective MLM has important clinical implications for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. PMID- 6802442 TI - [History of the study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6802443 TI - Infection in burn patients. AB - In a recently opened burn unit which used a semi-isolation technique to treat burn patients, burn bacteriology has shown the usual pattern of bacterial cultures i.e. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and proteus; with the first two predominating. Comparison with a similar study done in 1974 revealed that Streptococcus faecalis was absent in these cultures, E. coli and S. aureus infection had decreased, the number of sterile wounds had increases, there was slight increase in P. aeruginosa infection. A survey of burn wound, throat and stool cultures of patients and attendants over a 2-week period revealed pathogenic S. aureus in 3 out of 26 throat cultures. Phage typing of these strains did not reveal the same strain in any wound cultures. Similar phage type was grown from wounds in two different cabins on two different dates. thus indicating cross infection. Persistence of similar phage type was also seen in wounds of one patient. Similar aeruginocine typing of P. aeruginosa was seen in wound cultures of two different patients; one of these, type 15, was also grown in stool of the third patient thus indicating transmission of infection from the stool of one patient to the wound of other patient and from the wound of one patient to the wound of other patient. PMID- 6802444 TI - [Short term cultures of degranulated mastocytes. Histamine synthesis]. PMID- 6802445 TI - [In vitro and in vivo effect of cadmium microparticles on antibody receptors of alveolar macrophage membranes]. AB - Microparticles of cadmium oxide inhibited antibody-mediated rosette formation by Rat alveolar macrophages. After 4 h of contact in vitro, the 50% inhibiting amount of the pollutant, expressed as metal-Cd, was about 6,000 ng per million cells. 48 h after exposure via the respiratory route, 3,000 hg of Cd per gram of rat fresh lung lowered the percentage of rosette-forming macrophages by about 25%. PMID- 6802447 TI - [Multipolar electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb as a model for studying spatial basis of olfactory coding]. AB - Low-intensity electrical stimulation of the olfactory bulb through a set of spatially distributed electrodes was used as a model in order to study the spatial basis of the olfactory coding, in rats. The results indicate that this multipolar stimulation can serve as a conditional stimulus in a learned aversion paradigm; in addition, water-deprived animals displayed high ability to discriminate and memorize various combinations of electrode positions paired with differently palatable solutions. PMID- 6802448 TI - [Differences in the distribution of class I and II antigens of the major histocompatibility complex on the surface of cultured epithelial cells of the mouse thyroid]. AB - From day 9 to 15 of Thyroid Epithelial Cell (TEC) culture the expression of MHC antigens (K, D and Ia) was studied. Methods used for antigen detection included direct cytotoxicity in the presence of rabbit complement and electron microscopy using goat anti-mouse peroxidase-labeled Fab fragments. Results obtained showed that the K and D end-coded MHC antigens (class I) are exclusively expressed on the apical cell surface of TEC while Ia antigens (class II) are only found on the basal part of the cell. PMID- 6802449 TI - [Effect of a return of motor neurons to spontaneous activity on the multi innervation of muscular fibers induced in chick embryo by chronic slow-rhythm spinal cord stimulation]. AB - The multi-innervation of posterior latissimus dorsi muscle caused in Chick embryo by chronic spinal cord stimulation at low rhythm (0.5 HZ) from the 10th until 14th day of incubation remains but does not increase if the stimulating period is prolonged. If the stimulating period is stopped and the embryo allowed to develop for several more days the number of acetylcholinerase sites on the muscle fibres decreases. This result suggests that the multi-innervation regresses after the cessation of the experimentally-imposed nervous signal. PMID- 6802446 TI - [Immunocytochemical detection in Stannius corpuscles of the eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) of a hormone similar to the mammalian parathyroid hormone]. AB - In eels the parathyrin of the corpuscles of Stannius (PCS), mammalian parathyroid like hormone, has been localized in the cytoplasm of all the cells in the corpuscles. This detection was done by indirect immunofluorescence with an antiserum anti 1-84 bovine parathormone. The specificity of the reaction was demonstrated by inhibition of the coloration obtained with the 1-84 bovine parathormone and the active fragment 1-34 of human parathormone. Variations of the cellular localization of the PCS or a complete depletion of the hormonal content were observed in eels made hypercalcaemic by calcium overloading. PMID- 6802450 TI - Pulsing electromagnetic fields: a new method to modify cell behavior in calcified and noncalcified tissues. PMID- 6802452 TI - Initiation of quail and mouse mandibular chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in a serumless, chemically-defined medium. AB - To evaluate the requirement of vascular and/or neurotrophic-derived factors on determination and differentiation of chondrogenic and osteogenic phenotypes, early embryonic quail and mouse mandibular processes were cultured using a modified Trowell method in a serumless, chemically-defined medium for 10 days. Quail HH stage 22 and mouse Theiler stage 16 mandibular processes formed cartilage and produced osteoid under these experimental conditions. Chondrogenic and osteogenic phenotypes were expressed without serum or other exogenous growth promoting influences. PMID- 6802453 TI - Effect of sodium etidronate and phenytoin on Pagetic bone. PMID- 6802451 TI - Effects of vitamin D metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro. PMID- 6802454 TI - Delayed fracture healing following jejunoileal bypass surgery for obesity. AB - A 38-year-old woman, who 5 years earlier had undergone a jejunoileal bypass for gross obesity, fractured the distal forearm by a minor trauma. Circulating 25 hydroxycholecalciferol was undetectable without vitamin D3 supplement but increased to the lower normal range on a daily dose of 1200 units of vitamin D3. Serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol was, however, in the upper normal range, both without and with vitamin D supplement. After intestinal reanastomosis the fracture healed and the biochemical changes normalized. Malabsorption due to reduced amount of functioning intestine may cause severe metabolic bone disease, which may not always be reverted by a high-calcium diet and vitamin D supplementation. PMID- 6802455 TI - Decreased mineralization in hemodialysis patients after subtotal parathyroidectomy. AB - Many hemodialysis patients undergo subtotal parathyroidectomy (sPTx) because of the complications of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism. In some patients, however, renal osteodystrophy fails to regress. In uremia, the high levels of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) which accompany osteitis fibrosa are associated with accelerated bone formation. After sPTx, the fall in iPTH may decrease mineralization and increase osteoid formation. Bone histomorphometry, densitometry, and serum biochemical determinations were done in 20 patients on regular maintenance hemodialysis and after sPTx in 3 additional patients. Densitometry at the radial diaphysis was inversely related to osteoid volume so that low bone mineral content indicated excess osteoid. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activity was associated with osteitis fibrosa. Tetracycline double labels identified 5 patients with an increased rate of mineralization. Levels of iPTH and serum phosphorus were positively correlated to the mineralization rate. The fall in iPTH after sPTx was accompanied by a reduction in osteitis fibrosa and decreased mineralization. The nonosteoblastic osteoid became more abundant. After sPTx some hemodialysis patients may convert the osteitis fibrosa to a poorly treatable low turnover osteomalacia. PMID- 6802456 TI - Clinical usefulness of a bone mineral measurement method on the femoral shaft. AB - An improved version of a previously described photon absorptiometry method for measuring the bone mineral content of the femoral shaft is presented. The study included 267 healthy persons, who served as control subjects, and 31 osteoporotic and 3 osteomalacic female patients. A monoenergetic source of 241Am was used and a fully automatic apparatus designed. The examinations were recorded with an independent microcomputer and secondarily processed by the nuclear unit central computer. The guidelines of Cameron and West were used to perform various calculations from the initial absorption curve, and the clinical usefulness of these was tested. On the one hand, cortical bone density (CBD) and bone linear attenuation coefficient (BLAC) were found adequately to differentiate between osteoporotics and controls, but we defined a discriminative function (F) which allowed even better separation between the two groups. On the other hand, bone index (BI) was found to be the best parameter to follow an individual patient during therapy. These results underline the usefulness of these calculations for detecting and monitoring the progress of pathological states. PMID- 6802457 TI - A technique for cutting slices from femoral heads and other awkwardly shaped bones. AB - For cutting thin, parallel slices from round and other awkwardly shaped bones, we have developed an useful aid by modifying the Microslice II cutting saw primarily designed for geological or metallurgical purposes. To ensure a good grip of the bone, the specimen is embedded in a bolus of wax in a cylindrical container and is advanced along the container by a screw plunger toward the cutting blade of the machine. It is thus possible to cut even from awkwardly shaped bones 2-30 mm thick parallel slices suitable for decalcified or undecalcified histological sections and also for radiodensitometry or quantitative microradiography. PMID- 6802458 TI - Ionophore A23187 promotes osteoclast formation in bone organ culture. AB - Morphologic effects of the ionophore A23187 were compared with those of PTH and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 on fetal rat limb bone cultures. All three treatments resulted in loss of bone and the appearance of multinucleate osteoclasts. Only PTH caused proliferation of fibroblast-like cells within the marrow cavity. Cleanly dissected ("stripped") bones were unresponsive to A23187 and exhibited many dead and dying cells after 48 h in culture with this agent; in contrast, stripped bones were responsive to PTH. All three treatments showed a similar time course of appearance of osteoclasts. The results indicate that all three agents promote osteoclast formation. There are several possible explanations for the differential effects of A23187 and PTH in stripped bones, including the possibility that the cells of the periosteum are required for the action of A23187 but not of PTH. PMID- 6802459 TI - Osteogenesis in osteopetrotic mice. AB - Ectopic bone arising in grafts of compatible normal intact bone marrow in microphthalmic osteopetrotic recipients was examined in the light microscope and was found to be unaffected by the deficiency that curtails resorption of primitive woven bone in osteopetrotic animals. PMID- 6802460 TI - Effect of phosphate on phosphatidylserine-mediated calcium transport. PMID- 6802461 TI - Partial purification and characterization of the bone resorption factor from Actinomyces viscosus. PMID- 6802463 TI - Differentiation of osteoblasts and formation of mineralized bone in vitro. PMID- 6802462 TI - Characterization of subpopulations of OC and OB bone cells obtained by sedimentation at unit gravity. AB - Immediately after isolation from calvaria, OC and OB bone cells populations 1-6 were individually characterized by sedimentation at unit gravity. This procedure was used to generate from each population 4 fractions that contained cells of different sizes. Sedimentation results suggested that freshly isolated OC cell populations consisted of cells that were generally smaller and demonstrated less size heterogeneity than OB cells. After sedimentation the cells in each fraction were cultured for 6 days and then characterized with regard to cell separation based on basal biochemical characteristics and hormonal responses to PTH and CT. The largest cells in the later released OC cells appeared to be a mixture of OC and OB cells (approx. 15% of populations 2 + 3). All OB cell fractions appeared to be free of OC cells. The highest basal OC activities and hormonal responses occurred in the larger cells of population 2, whereas in OB cells (populations 5 and 6), this occurred in the cells of small to intermediate size. Finally, although the absolute size of the cells in each fraction increased during culture, the size differential within the fractions and between OC and OB cells was maintained even after 6 days. PMID- 6802464 TI - Effects of beta-aminoproprionitrile on formation and mineralization of rat bone matrix. AB - Bones of 4-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats fed a diet containing 0.25% beta aminoproprionitrile (beta-APN) for 21 days and injected with 3H-proline, 3H tetracycline, and cold tetracycline at 5-, 10-, and 20-day intervals were analyzed for incorporation of 3H-proline and 3H-tetracycline. Tibial cross sections were examined by fluorescent microscopy to determine the linear bone apposition between intervals and the distribution and intensity of tetracycline bands. The incorporation of 3H-proline was similar in beta-APN-treated and control rats. Incorporation of 3H-tetracycline, however, was significantly lower in beta-APN-treated rats. Fluorescent microscopy of tibial cross sections showed a comparable amount of linear matrix apposition in control and treated rats. It is suggested that beta-APN does not inhibit the bone matrix formation but does interfere with its mineralization. PMID- 6802465 TI - Neonatal hamster molar tooth development: extraction and characterization of amelogenins, enamelins, and soluble dentin proteins. AB - Amelogenins, enamelins, and soluble dentin proteins were sequentially separated under dissociative conditions from morphologically characterized molar tooth germs of 4-, 6-, and 7-day-old hamsters. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic, gel filtration chromatographic, and amino acid compositional data of neonatal hamster amelogenin extracts were in general agreement with those obtained from fetal bovine enamel under similar extraction conditions. As development progressed (e.g., 4 vs. 7 days of life), changes in amelogenin proteins were manifested by altered values of all biochemical parameters measured. A high molecular weight (approximately 160,000-200,000 daltons) Stains-All-positive protein band was observed for all hamster enamelin extracts on SDS gels. Amino acid compositional data from this "enamel crystal protein," partially purified by dissociative gel filtration chromatography, are presented. The hamster dentin phosphoprotein was partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography in 7M urea. The molecular weight (75,000-80,000 daltons) and amino acid composition of this protein were similar to those of rat incisor dentin phosphoprotein, but different from those of the fetal bovine phosphoprotein. PMID- 6802466 TI - Reduction of lead-induced hypercalcemia by calcitonin: comparison between thyroid intact and thyroidectomized rats. PMID- 6802467 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin control of blood pressure during resection of phaeochromocytoma. AB - The majority of patients presenting for resection of phaeochromocytoma require some form of antihypertensive therapy during operation. Phentolamine and sodium nitroprusside have both been used successfully for this purpose, but each has disadvantages. This report describes the use of intravenous nitroglycerin, a rapidly acting venodilator with no appreciable toxicity, as the sole antihypertensive agent in two patients with phaeochromocytoma and partial alpha adrenergic blockade. Hypertensive episodes were quickly and effectively controlled in each case. There were no hypotensive periods and no side effects. PMID- 6802468 TI - Limitations of jet ventilation through the laryngoscope. AB - A series is presented of 100 patients who underwent direct laryngoscopy under general anaesthesia. Our preferred technique of ventilation is jet insufflation by an injector attached to the blade of the laryngoscope, as it provides the surgeon with a quiet and completely exposed larynx. In nine cases, chest expansion was assessed as inadequate by the anaesthetist. These patients were obese with a short neck, and/or stiff-necked; thus, insertion of the laryngoscope was difficult and a good seal between it and the larynx could not be achieved. Arterial blood gas values in six of these patients demonstrated marked hypoventilation. To improve ventilation in these patients an alternative technique of insufflation through a nasotracheal catheter was used. Arterial blood gas values indicated that this method resolved the problem of hypoventilation. Although the catheter somewhat limits the view of the endolarynx, the improved ventilation outweighs the drawbacks of this technique. It is suggested that for the obese and/or stiff-necked patient, a nasotracheal catheter be used electively for ventilation. PMID- 6802470 TI - Purification of bovine and human acrosin. AB - Acrosin from human spermatozoa was required for studies of immunological interference with fertilization, but not detailed purification scheme was available for the human enzyme. Since human semen samples cannot be obtained cheaply or in large numbers and contain relatively small amounts of acrosin, development of purification procedures was carried out with bovine semen. Bovine acrosin had not previously been fully purified, and over 1 mg of pure acrosin was obtained from 100 mL of bovine semen, by a process of saline and Triton X-100 washes of the spermatozoa, 1 mM HCl extraction, gel filtration, and ion-exchange and affinity chromatography. The bovine acrosin had a molecular weight (MW) of 39 000 and a specific activity of 93 U/mg, measured with 0.5 mM benzoyl arginine ethyl ester. The same extraction procedure could be followed for human acrosin, but better yields were obtained in the purification if the ion-exchange step was omitted. The human acrosin had a MW of 49 000, and traces of a 38 000 MW component were sometimes observed. From 14 human semen samples, containing initially 7-10 U of acrosin activity, about 2.5 U (approximately 20 micrograms of protein) could be obtained in a pure state. PMID- 6802469 TI - Variable effects of anaesthetics on the ventilatory response to hypoxaemia in man. AB - We compared the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxaemia with a standard response to hyperoxic hypercarbia in human subjects sedated with methoxyflurane, diethyl ether or nitrous oxide, or anaesthetized with methoxyflurane. Compared to the awake state, methoxyflurane 0.1 MAC sedation did not alter either response significantly; methoxyflurane 1.1 MAC anaesthesia depressed both, with a somewhat greater effect on the hypoxaemic response. Diethyl ether 0.1 MAC sedation reduced only the hypoxaemic response. Nitrous oxide 0.1 MAC reduced both hypoxaemic and carbon dioxide responses in parallel. The evidence suggests that all three agents - like thiopentone, halothane and enflurane - can impair the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxaemia in man, but that in relation to the carbon dioxide responses, the magnitude of this depressive effect varies. Halothane and enflurane are the most depressant, nitrous oxide and thiopentone the least, with methoxyflurane and diethyl ether appearing to be intermediate in effect. PMID- 6802471 TI - Electron microscopy of a spiral-shaped bacterium in the blood and bone marrow of a rhinoceros iguana. AB - Spiral shaped bacteria present in blood smears and bone marrow of a sick rhinoceros iguana were examined by light and electron microscopy. The organisms averaged 10 micron in length and had at least three spiral turns. The cell contained nuclear areas, vacuoles and ribosomes, except at the poles where there was a virtual absence of organelles. The bacterium was found by a cell membrane, cell wall and enveloping sheath. "Blebs" were present with regularity on the cell surface. About 14 flagella were present at each pole, and at these sites there was a specialized thickening of the cell membrane. Organisms were present within a phagocytic vacuole of macrophages in the blood and bone marrow, and often these engulfed organisms were degenerated. The taxonomic position of the bacterium is unknown. PMID- 6802472 TI - Gamma ray inactivation of some animal viruses. AB - Twenty samples of animal viruses comprising 14 different viruses in 12 families were subjected to varying doses of gamma irradiation from a 60Co source in a Gamma Cell 220 (Atomic Energy of Canada Limited) to determine lethal dose levels. The dose responses appeared linear throughout inactivation. The D10 values, that is the dose necessary to reduce infectivity by one log10, ranged from less than 0.20 Megarads to approximately 0.55 Megarads. There was not a complete inverse correlation between the target size (virion core) and the D10 value. PMID- 6802473 TI - Stability of the endo-beta-1,4-glucanase and beta-1,4-glucosidase from Bacteroides succinogenes. AB - The endo-beta-1,4-glucanase (carboxymethylcellulase) activity in cell extracts prepared from Bacteroides succinogenes S85 was almost unaffected by prolonged incubation at 39 degrees C in the presence of merthiolate, a sulfhydryl inhibitor. The beta-1,4-glucosidase (cellobiase) activity, however, was rapidly inactivated by the same treatment. The cellobiase was also inactivated by exposure to air, but was stabilized by dithiothreitol in a nitrogen atmosphere. These results suggest that the cellobiase required reduced sulfhydryl groups for activity. PMID- 6802475 TI - The nature of human erythrocyte receptors for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Normal and trypsinized human erythrocyte membranes were used as a model in the study of host cell receptors for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Receptor sites were identified by adherence inhibition assays of fractions of membranes eluted from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis columns. Results indicated that inhibition of gonococcus T1 and T4 adherence was associated with erythrocyte protein band 3 and 4 and glycophorin A, the major sialoglycoprotein. Further investigation revealed that band 3 preparations isolated by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A - Sepharose 4B columns continued to inhibit T1 adherence to erythrocytes but did not inhibit adherence of T4 organisms. It is suggested that protein band 3 is the receptor on erythrocytes for T1 gonococci and that glycophorin A may be the receptor for T4 cells. PMID- 6802474 TI - Effects of various inhibitory agents on sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Electron microscopic examinations of Bacillus subtilis cells revealed that relatively high concentrations of carbon sources blocked sporulation at stage 0 in most cells. Both nalidixic acid and novobiocin blocked sporulation at stage 0. The cells treated with acridine orange showed the morphology of stage IV 5 h after the end of exponential growth, but no further progression was observed. Mutants that are able to sporulate in the presence of these agents had the characteristic morphological changes observed in uninhibited cultures. PMID- 6802476 TI - Variation in fecal pollution indicators through tidal cycles in the Fraser River estuary. AB - Daily fluctuations in fecal pollution indicators in the Fraser River estuary were examined by sampling through 24 h at four sites; water levels, currents, and salinities were observed simultaneously. Fecal coliforms were measured on shipboard using the membrane filter technique, and coprostanol and cholesterol were extracted using hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. Maximum concentrations of fecal sterols and coliforms occurred after high tide at the station upstream of major sewage outfalls and on the ebb or at low tide at the stations downstream of major sewage outfalls. Fecal coliform counts were highly correlated with coprostanol and cholesterol levels at sites near sewage treatment plants. Coprostanol was highly correlated with cholesterol except where concentrations approached detection limits. In receiving waters, fecal coliform counts but not sterol concentrations were reduced by chlorination of sewage treatment plant effluents during the summer months. We concluded that, dependent on the objectives of a future monitoring program, samples should be collected either randomly in time such that the seasonal or annual mean includes tidal variability or systematically during the ebb tide to assess contributions to bathing beaches and shellfish harvesting areas. Fecal sterols deserve consideration as potentials indicators of fecal contamination from chlorinated sewage effluents. PMID- 6802477 TI - Role of exotoxin A and proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in respiratory tract infections. AB - Hamster tracheal organ culture has been used to study the role of exotoxin A and proteases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infections of the respiratory tract. Tracheal explants infected with a toxin producing, protease producing strain or a toxin deficient, protease producing strain displayed evidence of exfoliation and disorganization of the tracheal of the tracheal epithelium 12 h after initiation of infection. A toxin producing protease deficient strain caused some desquamation of cells and cellular swelling, but exfoliation was not evident. Each of the toxin producing and (or) protease producing strains inhibited protein synthesis of the explants. Purified exotoxin inhibited protein synthesis and caused some pathological changes similar to those observed with the toxin producing strain. Purified elastase from P. aeruginosa only inhibited protein synthesis at 10 microgram/mL but caused exfoliation at 0.01 microgram/mL. Alkaline protease had no detectable effect on the explants. The effects of active infection could be prevented by treatment with gentamycin. All the strains tested caused an inhibition of ciliary activity, but no correlation could be made with any of the extracellular products. Exotoxin A and elastase may be responsible for much of the destruction of respiratory tract tissue in Pseudomonas infections although other bacterial factors and host factors are of importance. PMID- 6802478 TI - The cost-effectiveness of myocardial revascularization. AB - The formulation of a rational strategy for containing health care costs requires consideration of the cost-effectiveness of the various therapeutic alternatives available in order to assess the cost-effectiveness of myocardial revascularization in treating ischemic heart disease, the authors retrospectively analysed the costs of hospitalization and the long-term survival of 332 patients who underwent this procedure at the Victoria Hospital, London, Ontario, between 1974 and 1977. On the basis of angiographic findings the patients were divided into two groups: 51 patients who had advanced abnormalities in segmental wall motion of the left ventricle (group 1) and 281 patients who had relative preservation of left ventricular function (group 2). The presence of left ventricular dysfunction did not significantly increase the operative risk (operative mortality for group 1 v. group 2, 2.0% v. 1.8%), but showed a significant (P less than 0.01) effect on long-term survival (5-year actuarial survival rate +/- SEM for group 1 v. group 2, 74.7% +/- 9.5% v. 94.7% +/- 1.1%). Analysis of pertinent hospitalization data acquired from the Ontario Ministry of Health showed a highly significant (P less than 0.002) reduction in hospitalization expenses in the first postoperative year that continued throughout the 5-year follow-up period. The favourable effect of myocardial revascularization on long-term hospitalization costs, although evident in both groups of patients, was most marked in group 1 patients with compromised left ventricular function, as shown by the respective amortization times of costs for patients with left ventricular dysfunction, those with preserved function and for the two groups together: 22.3, 38.4 and 35.9 months postoperatively. PMID- 6802479 TI - Sodium valproate and thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6802480 TI - Deductible insurance could rationalize medicare. PMID- 6802481 TI - The management of breast carcinoma by primary radiotherapy at Mount Sinai Hospital from 1962--1979. AB - Two-hundred eight patients with carcinoma of the breast were treated with megavoltage irradiation as the primary method of local management at Mount Sinai Hospital between 1962--1979. The effects of treatment volume, technique, and other parameters are discussed for the Stage I and II patients, together with the importance of tumor size and nodal status in control of local disease and distant metastases. In this series the cumulative probability of freedom from metastases is 93 +/- 5% when the irradiation is confined to the breast and axilla as compared with 72 +/- 9% when extended fields are used, with no difference in local control. Based on these results it was decided to confine irradiation to the breast and axilla alone in the majority of early stage cancer patients. Recommendations are made for radiation techniques and dosages to optimize control of the disease, minimize complications, and facilitate systemic therapy in patients with positive nodes. PMID- 6802482 TI - Biochemical properties of the high-molecular-weight glycopeptides released from the cell surface of human teratocarcinoma cells. AB - The present study deals with the biochemical properties of high-molecular-weight glycopeptides isolated from the surface of human teratocarcinoma cells. This cell surface material released by mild trypsin digestion from galactose-labeled human teratocarcinoma cells, Tera I and PA1, was digested extensively with pronase. Most of the resulting glycopeptides were large and were excluded from a Sephadex G-50 column. The properties of these large cell surface glycopeptides isolated from Tera I cells have been examined in detail. It is clear from these experiments that they are neither acidic mucopolysaccharides nor mucin-type glycopeptides with short oligosaccharide chains. Although the glycopeptides are hardly hydrolyzed by beta-galactosidase even after prior digestion with neuraminidase, around 30% of the glycopeptides are depolymerized by treatment with endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii. The large cell surface glycopeptides from Tera I cells therefore appear to be very similar to the large glycopeptides seen on mouse embryonal carcinoma cells, which have core structures composed of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine. Like the mouse cell glycopeptides, a fraction of the large glycopeptides from these human cells bind to agarose conjugated fucose-binding proteins and peanut agglutinin. PMID- 6802483 TI - Detection of ductal dysplasia in mammary outgrowths derived from carcinogen treated virgin female BALB/c mice. AB - These studies were undertaken to determine if altered growth potential of mammary epithelial cells could be detected in outgrowths derived from monodispersed mammary cells of virgin female BALB/c mice previously exposed to ionizing radiation or 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Monodispersed mammary epithelial cells were obtained by enzymatic dissociation of mammary tissues of 12 week-old virgin female BALB/c mice. Twenty-four hr prior to cell dissociation, donor animals were exposed to either 100 rads of gamma-ray irradiation, 0.25 mg of DMBA, or 0.075 mg of DMBA. Control donors were untreated. Mammary outgrowths were then derived from these donor cells by injecting either 10(5) or 10(4) cells into the gland-free mammary fat pads of three-week-old virgin female BALB/c mice. Ten weeks after the injection of cells, the outgrowths were examined and classified. Mammary outgrowths were classified either as having a normal ductal architecture or as having ductal dysplasia. Ductal dysplasias were further classified on the basis of an index of severity, which was an arbitrary index based on the number of abnormal ductal structures within each lesion. The data indicated that treatment of donor animals with either gamma-radiation or DMBA increased the frequency of ductal lesions over control levels; however, both the frequency and severity of the lesions depended on the number of cells which were injected into the fat pad. When outgrowths were derived by injection of 10(5) cells into the gland-free fat pads, lesion frequencies in outgrowths from control and treated cells were: 3.3%, control; 15.7%, gamma-rays; 5.3%, 0.25 mg DMBA; in these groups only a few severe lesions were detected. In outgrowths derived from 10(4) cells, less severe lesions (Class I lesions) were common in all groups and occurred in approximately 10 to 15% of the outgrowths. The frequency of severe (Class II and III) ductal dysplasia, however, was increased by treatment in these groups, occurring in 4.5% of control outgrowths in 15.6, 14.9, an 14.3% of the outgrowths derived from donor cells treated with 100 rads gamma-rays, 0.075 mg DMBA, nd 0.25 mg DMBA, respectively. Thus, these data indicated that ductal dysplasias were more common and more severe in outgrowths derived from 10(4) rather than 10(5) cells. The ductal lesions observed in this study resembled both morphologically and histologically ductal abnormalities which have been associated with the pathogenesis of mammary carcinoma in both rats and mice. PMID- 6802484 TI - Correlation between the rates of aerobic glycolysis and glucose transport, unrelated to neoplastic transformation, in a series of BALB 3T3-derived cell lines. AB - The relationship between transformation, lactate production, and glucose transport was examined in a series of ten cell lines consisting of subclones of BALB 3T3 A31 cells and viral and chemical transformants of either the subclones or the original A31 line. Comparisons were made over a relatively narrow range of cell densities to minimize changes in the biochemical parameters during growth. A nitroquinoline oxide (NQT-3T3-714) and a temperature-sensitive Kirsten sarcoma virus (tsKi-3T3-714) transformant of subclone 714 exhibited transformed phenotypes with respect to morphology and growth properties, but their rates of lactate production and 2-[3H]deoxy-D-glucose (deoxyglucose) uptake were similar to those of the parent cells. 2- to 5-fold in these transformants, showing that there was no defect in the enzymes of this pathway. At a temperature nonpermissive for transformation of tsKi-3T3-714, lactate production by this line did not decrease relative to the rate of the parent cells. Another transformant, Ki-3T3-234, had a glycolytic rate which was 4 to 5 times greater than that of the low lactate producers while other transformants exhibited intermediate rates, and the rate of a third nontransformed 3T3 A31 subclone, K-1-1, was comparable to the rate of Ki-3T3-234. The rates of [3H]deoxyglucose uptake by this series of cells were closely proportional to their glycolytic rates rather than to their state of transformation. Increasing glycolysis by oligomycin or dinitrophenol treatment, however, did not cause a concomitant increase in sugar uptake. Neither glycolysis nor deoxyglucose uptake in the high-lactate producer (Ki-3T3-234) was inhibited by ouabain, suggesting that Na+-K+-adenosinetriphosphatase is not a regulatory of these functions in 3T3 cells. In 3T3-derived cells, it appears that the rates of glycolysis and glucose uptake may be regulated in tandem under some conditions and that neither process is an obligatory consequence of neoplastic transformation PMID- 6802485 TI - Loss of melanogenic properties in tyrosinases induced by glucosylation inhibitors within malignant melanoma cells. AB - Glycosylation inhibitors, glucosamine or tunicamycin, have been found to be specific inhibitory modulators for melanogenesis, which is accentuated generally in malignant melanoma cells. Exposure to glucosamine (1 mg/ml) or tunicamycin (0.2 to 0.4 micrograms/ml) induces a marked pigment loss within melanoma cells in vitro with a decrease in their grown curves. This melanogenic inhibition occurs without a substantial decrease in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein in comparison with a specific, marked suppression of carbohydrate synthesis as revealed by suppressed mannose incorporation into these cells. Assay of tyrosinase of glucosamine- or tunicamycin-induced unpigmented melanoma cells has revealed a selective and marked decrease in the melanosome-rich large-granule fraction, but no substantial decrease in the total activity of remaining subcellular fractions. Electrophoresis of tyrosinase in the 30,000 X g supernatant fraction demonstrates an increase in the T1 form of soluble tyrosinase, while a disappearance of or marked decrease in membrane-bound tyrosinase, T3, is seen in the small- and large-granule fractions. Glycoprotein synthesis in the melanogenic subcellular compartments of pigment cells seems to play an integral role in melanogenesis which is principally enhanced in their carcinogenic status. PMID- 6802486 TI - Response to luteinizing releasing hormone, thyrotrophic releasing hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin administration in healthy men at different risks for prostatic cancer and in prostatic cancer patients. AB - A comparative study of the pituitary and testicular response to luteinizing releasing hormone (LHRH), thyrotrophic releasing hormone (TRH), and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) administration was carried out in (a) low-risk young South African black men and high-risk North American black men for prostatic cancer and (b) healthy elderly South African men and South African black men with prostatic cancer. A comparable HCG response occurred in young South African and North American black men, while a greater release of prolactin, but a lesser release of luteinizing hormone in response to LHRH:TRH occurred in South African black men. The response to HCG was comparable in elderly and young South African black men, although the prolactin release in response to TRH was greater in elderly men. A more prolonged release of luteinizing hormone was evident in men with prostatic cancer. Higher estradiol and estrone but lower androstenedione levels occurred in men with prostatic cancer. Data suggest that, in the elderly South African black men with prostatic cancer, estrogen metabolism is modified and that either the estrogen level or the higher estrogen:androgen levels modify the pituitary response to LHRH:TRH. A Western diet enhanced the changes in hormone profiles evident in black South African men with prostatic cancer. PMID- 6802488 TI - Is the initiation-promotion regimen in mouse skin relevant to complete carcinogenesis? PMID- 6802487 TI - Mouse skin: a useful model system for studying the mechanism of chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Mouse skin has a long history as a useful model for the study of the mechanism of carcinogenesis (6). In particular, the availability of specific diterpene esters has made possible rapid progress in understanding the mechanism of tumor formation (4,6,8,19,36,41), although certain details may be unique to promotion by phorbol esters. Evidence is compatible with an essential role for elevated levels of polyamines in tumor promotion, but other components of phorbol ester action on mouse skin are also essential (27,40,54). These may include the production of dark cells (22), inhibition of maturation (2,19,41), and the elimination of metabolic cooperation (12,57). Factors modifying biochemical processes that are essential to tumor formation produce a parallel effect on tumor formation. Some of these inhibitors act synergistically to inhibit tumor formation (50,55), and knowledge of their action may lead to practical application for the prevention of human cancer. PMID- 6802489 TI - Early induction of the arachidonic acid cascade and stimulation of DNA synthesis by TPA in murine and guinea pig epidermal cells in culture. PMID- 6802490 TI - On the relationship between epidermal hyperproliferation and skin tumor promotion. PMID- 6802492 TI - How can altered differentiation induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate be related to tumor promotion? PMID- 6802491 TI - The differential effects of retinoic acid and 7,8-benzoflavone on the induction of mouse skin tumors by the initiation-promotion protocol and by the complete carcinogenesis process. AB - The biology of tumor formation by the initiation-promotion protocol differs from that of the complete carcinogenesis process. In the latter case, the latency period is longer and tumor yield is less, but carcinomas appear much earlier. Retinoic acid, a potent inhibitor of both the induction of ODC activity and tumor promotion by TPA, failed to inhibit both the induction of ODC activity and tumor formation by DMBA. 7,8-Benzoflavone, which did not inhibit the induction of ODC activity by TPA, inhibited the induction of ODC activity and tumor formation by DMBA. The results indicate that: (a) mechanism of the induction of ODC activity and tumor formation by a complete carcinogen appears to be different from that of the tumor promoter TPA; (b) DMBA-induced ODC activity may be an important component of the mechanism of DMBA carcinogenesis; and (c) although there is a wealth of data that indicate the efficacy of the retinoids in the prevention of a variety of cancers in experimental animals, including mammary carcinogenesis by DMBA (3,5), the present results and those reported by others (2) are not in agreement with a universal effect of retinoic acid in the prevention of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6802493 TI - Epidermal tumor promotion by regeneration. PMID- 6802494 TI - Effects of tumor promoters on arachidonic acid metabolism by cells in culture. PMID- 6802495 TI - Possible molecular mechanisms of action of tumor promoters. PMID- 6802498 TI - Diterpene ester-mediated two-stage carcinogenesis. PMID- 6802497 TI - Teleocidin: new naturally occurring tumor promoter. PMID- 6802496 TI - Ionophoretic effect of tumor promoter phorbol diester: a clue to its insulinotropic action? PMID- 6802499 TI - Properties of incomplete carcinogens and promoters in hepatocarcinogenesis. PMID- 6802500 TI - [Thyreoliberin VUFB in thyroid gammagraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802501 TI - Regulation of tubulin gene expression during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Four different tubulins have been identified that are expressed during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Two alpha-tubulin subunits (alpha 1 and alpha 2) and one beta-tubulin subunit (beta 1) are expressed throughout embryonic development. A second beta-tubulin subunit (beta 3) is expressed only for a short period in mid-embryonic development. Synthesis of beta 3-tubulin in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte translation system is directed by RNA extracted from embryos only at the stage when the protein is expressed. Thus we conclude that the mRNA encoding beta 3-tubulin is transcribed only during the brief period of beta 3 tubulin synthesis. The expression of beta 3-tubulin is accompanied by a coordinate transient increase in the level of synthesis of the embryonic alpha tubulins, thereby maintaining an approximately equimolar synthesis of alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits throughout embryogenesis. PMID- 6802502 TI - High-affinity interaction of vinculin with actin filaments in vitro. AB - Immunofluorescence and microinjection experiments have shown that vinculin (molecular weight 130,000) is localized at adhesion plaques of fibroblasts spread on a solid substrate. We found that this protein affects actin filament assembly and interactions in vitro at substoichiometric levels. Vinculin inhibits the rate of actin polymerization under conditions that limit nuclei formation, indicating an effect on the filament elongation step of the reaction. Vinculin also reduces actin filament--filament interactions measured with a low-shear viscometer. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding of 3H-labeled vinculin to actin filaments showed that there is one high-affinity binding site (dissociation constant=20 nM) for every 1,500-2,000 actin monomers. These results suggested that vinculin interacts with a specific site located at the growing ends of actin filaments in a cytochalasin-like manner, a property consistent with its proposed function as a linkage protein between filaments and the plasma membranes. PMID- 6802503 TI - Glycosaminoglycan and surface glycoprotein syntheses by rat muscle fibroblast monolayers: response to solubilized bone matrix and effect of serum. AB - Glycosaminoglycan synthesis by muscle fibroblasts derived from neonatal rats has been studied using a sensitive radioisotope method. Feeding the cultures with serum-containing medium supplemented with 80 micrograms/ml of a solubilized bone matrix (SBM) preparation results in an initial enhancement of net glycosaminoglycan secretion and a later additional response, not seen in controls. A pronounced dilution of the specific radioactivity of secreted chondroitin sulfate characterizes the latter response. SBM-treated cultures (100 micrograms/ml) also demonstrate increased incorporation of radioactive glucosamine into a large molecular weight cell surface glycoprotein. SBM suppresses the growth rate and final cell densities at all serum concentrations tested. However, at similar cell densities, higher serum concentrations tend to minimize the relative stimulation of incorporation of radioactivity into the secreted glycosaminoglycans by SBM-treated cultures, compared to controls. PMID- 6802505 TI - Relationship between cell-mediated and humoral immune attack on tumor cells. II. The role of cellular lipid metabolism and cell surface charge in the outcome of immune attack. PMID- 6802504 TI - Studies of thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP5) on experimental tumors. I. TP5 relieves immunosuppression in tumor-bearing mice. PMID- 6802506 TI - A simple diagnostic culture method for use in a tuberculosis control programme. AB - A simple, widely applicable method for the culture of tubercle bacilli was compared with the classical standard method in a controlled trial on 500 specimens. The method consisted of treating sputum samples with a detergent alkali mixture, and inoculating this on to buffered medium. The technique was found to be as sensitive as the standard method for the isolation of tubercle bacilli, and also to reduce contamination rates. Consistent results were obtained in 10 026 routine specimens, confirming the diagnosis for 86.4% of the new patients within 3 weeks. Cultures were not affected by delayed incubation. PMID- 6802507 TI - Serum opsonic activity in acute protein-energy malnutrition. AB - Phagocytic host defence mechanisms require both normally functioning cells and humoral factors. For example, activated complement components and/or specific immunoglobulin are essential for effective ingestion and killing of bacteria by neutrophils, and complement is especially important early in infection, before specific antibody has been produced. Abnormalities of serum complement have previously been reported in malnutrition, and the present study investigated the levels of serum opsonins in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Opsonic activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was depressed in acute PEM patients, but recovered to higher levels with treatment. This depression was detected only when low concentrations of serum (10-20 ml/litre) were used. Marked and persistent opsonin deficiencies were associated with poor clinical response. Reduced opsonic activity may adversely affect host defence mechanisms and contribute to morbidity and mortality from pyogenic infections in PEM. Replacement therapy with fresh or fresh frozen plasma might restore opsonic activity in these patients and reduce the risk of septicaemia and its attendant high mortality. PMID- 6802508 TI - Retinol (vitamin A) inhibits sister chromatid exchanges and cell cycle delay induced by cyclophosphamide and aflatoxin B1 in Chinese hamster V79 cells. AB - Retinol (vitamin A alcohol) at the doses tested neither induced an increase of frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) nor cell cycle delay in Chinese hamster V79 cells with or without the metabolic activation of S-9 mix. However, it inhibited SCE frequencies and cell cycle delay in V79 cells induced by the indirect mutagen cyclophosphamide or aflatoxin B1. The inhibition was found to be dose and time dependent. These results suggest that retinol itself may have no direct effect on the genetic materials but rather exert its effects possibly by inhibiting the metabolic activation of an indirect mutagen or carcinogen. Thus, the antitumor activities of retinoids may not be limited to the widely accepted role of preventing the promotion step but also the initiation step of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6802509 TI - Induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells by teleocidin and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate. AB - Human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) were induced to differentiate into macrophage-like cells in a dose-dependent manner by the tumor promoters phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate and teleocidin, a non-phorbol ester promoter. An HL-60 cell variant, designated as R-59, which is resistant to differentiation induction by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate was also resistant to differentiation induction by teleocidin. Differentiation was determined by increases in the percent of morphologically mature cells and in lysozyme and nonspecific esterase activities. Both compounds inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells by blocking them from entering the synthesis phase of the cell cycle with an accumulation of cells after 48 h in G1 phase. No such effects were observed in the R-59 cells. They were, however, as susceptible as the parent HL-60 cells, to inducers which are not considered to be tumor promoters such as dimethylsulfoxide and retinoic acid. However, these inducers cause the HL-60 and R-59 cells to differentiate into granulocyte-like cells. These results indicate that teleocidin produces in both the HL-60 and R-59 cells effects which are similar to those cause by phorbol-12 myristate-13-acetate. The possibility that agents producing such effects in these two cell types may represent potential tumor promoters is discussed. PMID- 6802510 TI - Two-stage skin carcinogenesis in sensitive and resistant mouse strains. AB - Strains of laboratory mice vary markedly in their susceptibility to two-stage skin carcinogenesis using 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) as the initiating carcinogen and croton oil as promoter. This study has been undertaken in order to clarify the basis of the strain differences. LACA mice were used as the susceptible strain and BALB/c mice as the resistant strain. DMBA was a more effective complete carcinogen in LACA mice than in BALB/c mice. However, dose response studies with respect to DMBA in the two strains in two-stage carcinogenesis suggested that metabolic activation of DMBA to the active carcinogen was not limiting in the resistant strain. The observed strain differences in response to DMBA in one and two stage carcinogenesis may reflect the ability of DMBA to also act as a promoter in the two strains. The possibility that the strains vary in their ability to repair damaged DNA has, however, not been eliminated. Unlike polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon carcinogens such as DMBA, phorbol ester promoters (the active components in croton oil) do not appear to require metabolic activation. However, they are degraded and inactivated by epidermal and other cells. Experiments in which the dose and frequency of application of croton oil were increased, and the unrelated promoter anthralin was substituted for croton oil, failed to produce any evidence that differences in promoter degradation contributed to the differences in susceptibility between strains. PMID- 6802511 TI - Pulmonary microvascular injury from lipoxygenase infusion: comparison with endotoxemia. AB - We compared the response of the pulmonary microcirculation to a 5-hr infusion of soybean lipoxygenase with that seen after endotoxin. We monitored microvascular integrity using lung lymph flow QL and lymph/plasma (L/P) protein ratio in unanesthetized sheep. We noted a twofold to threefold increase in QL and a slight decrease in L/P ratio beginning about 1 hr after onset of the lipoxygenase infusion. Leukocyte count decreased significantly and lymph lysosomal enzyme activity increased. Pulmonary artery pressure initially increased from 16 to 31 mm Hg, then decreased to 25 mm Hg during continued infusion. Platelet count remained constant. Parameters returned to baseline several hours after infusion. This pulmonary vascular pressure and lymph flow response was very similar to that seen in the increased permeability phase of endotoxin. A decrease on the L/P ratio and a constant rather than a decreased platelet count were findings different from those seen after endotoxin. PMID- 6802512 TI - Cytosolic alpha-glycerophosphate and lactate dehydrogenase in the lung in endotoxin shock. AB - The lung produces lactate aerobically. In endotoxin shock in aerobic production of lactate increases further. We have investigated an enzymic mechanism for the aerobic lactate in the lung. Since an inadequacy of the cytoplasmic hydrogen "shuttle" enzyme alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH) and/or the presence of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in excess of alpha-GPDH can cause aerobic formation lactate, we measured alpha-GPDH and LDH in mitochondria-free cytoplasmic fractions of lungs from control and endotoxic shock rats. The shock was induced by an intravenous injection of E coli endotoxin, 16 mg/kg. In lungs of control or endotoxic shock rats, alpha-GPDH was only 10% of the LDH activity. The low absolute levels of alpha-GPDH and the relative deficiency of this enzyme, compared to LDH in the lungs of control and endotoxic shock rats, can potentially contribute to aerobic lactate production. PMID- 6802513 TI - Differential baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in rabbits. Relative role of carotid, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. AB - We assessed the relative roles of aortic (ABR), carotid sinus (CBR), and vagal cardiopulmonary baroreceptors in the reflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance during changes in arterial blood pressure. Injections of phenylephrine (PE) and nitroglycerin (NG) were given intravenously to anesthetized rabbits (chloralose-urethane). Reflex, heart rate responses were impaired significantly by denervation (X) of either CBR or ABR. In contrast, reflex vascular responses in the hindlimb (perfused at constant blood flow) were preserved except for a slight impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Vagotomy with intact CBR and ABR impaired only the reflex bradycardia. After vagotomy, neither CBRX nor ABRX altered significantly the reflex heart rate or vascular responses except, again, for an impairment of reflex vasoconstriction after ABRX. Combined CBRX and ABRX eliminated all reflex responses except for a small bradycardia and a biphasic change in perfusion pressure (constrictor-dilator) during PE. Vagotomy eliminated the bradycardia and the dilator phase; the constrictor phase persisted and was abolished by lumbar sympathectomy. The results indicate that (1) reflex control of heart rate may be impaired when reflex control of hindlimb resistance is preserved; thus reflex changes in heart rate may not be used as a reliable index of the integrity of arterial baroreceptor control of the total circulation; (2) one set of arterial baroreceptors does not compensate for the absence of the other with respect to activation of vagal neurons; in contrast, one set of baroreceptors compensates fully for the absence of the other with respect to inhibition of sympathetic neurons; (3) cardiopulmonary and other baroreceptors contribute minimally to reflex responses only during large PE-induced increases in arterial pressure. PMID- 6802514 TI - Immunological studies on Alternaria sensitivity. Use of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis, precipitins and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Characterization of the immunological response to Alternaria in sensitive subjects is not complete. We used crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) to identify antigens in Alternaria extracts reacting with IgE antibody in five patients with Alternaria-sensitive asthma, four with Alternaria-induced rhinitis, three non-allergic asthmatics, and three normal controls. All five Alternaria asthma patients and three of four Alternaria-rhinitis patients showed IgE binding to a third antigen. These results suggest an analogy of Alternaria antigens with that found in ragweed pollen extracts, i.e. that IgE antibody is directed against more than one antigen. Using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we found a significant difference (P less than 0.05, unpaired Student's t-test) in IgG binding between Alternaria-sensitive asthmatics and normal controls. There was no apparent difference in IgG binding between untreated Alternaria-sensitive asthmatics and those receiving high-dose immunotherapy. PMID- 6802515 TI - Rapid quantitation of serum immunoglobulins with a miniature centrifugal analyzer. AB - For these quantitative turbidimetric assays for immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, and IgM in serum, the reagents used are commercially available in kit form. The two-point assays are performed with a miniature centrifugal analyzer (GEMENI, Electro Nucleonics, Inc.). The reading taken 5 s after mixing is used to correct for specimen turbidity. Run-to-run precision (CV) was typically 5% (range: 3.0-8.7%). Excellent correlation with radial immunodiffusion was observed for each test (r greater than 0.98 for each test). The dynamic range of each test extends above and below the reference-interval ranges. PMID- 6802516 TI - Radioimmunoassay of "free thyroxin" in dried blood spots on filter paper - preliminary observations on the effective differentiation of subjects with congenital hypothyroidism from those with subnormal thyroxin-binding globulin and normal subjects. AB - In this sensitive, simple method for measuring "free thyroxin" (FT4) in eluates of dried blood spots on filter paper by use of a radioimmunoassay kit (Amerlex Free T4 RIA), the measurable range of FT4 is 1.8 to 57 ng/L (equivalent to the concentration in serum), or 7 to 237 fg/tube. The mean coefficients of variation for within assay-within spots, within assay-between spots, and between assays were 5.3%, 5.0%, and 6.2%, respectively. FT4 in blood spotted on filter paper is stable for at least a month when dried and kept at either -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, room temperature (about 25 degrees C), or 37 degrees C. The results for FT4 in dried blood spots correlated closely with the free-T4 concentration in serum (r = 0.99). The method can be used to differentiate cases of primary and secondary hypothyroidism from normal subjects and those with subnormal thyroxin binding globulin. This method may be useful in screening for congenital hypothyroidism, because sample-retesting is not necessary. PMID- 6802517 TI - Nephelometric measurement of ceruloplasmin with a centrifugal analyzer. AB - We describe a rapid nephelometric assay for measurement of ceruloplasmin in serum with the Multistat centrifugal analyzer. In establishing the optimum conditions, the concentration of polyethylene glycol was critical. With a 30 g/L solution of polyethylene glycol, the calibrators and samples react at the same rate, while with a 60/L solution the calibrators react faster than the samples. The reaction rate was not affected by temperatures of 30 or 37 degrees C or pHs between 6.0 and 8.4. There was no interference from bilirubin at a concentration of 180 mg/L, hemoglobin at a concentration of 5000 mg/L, or lipemic serum. The standard curve extends from 50 to 1300 mg/L. Analytical recovery of ceruloplasmin added to four serum specimens averaged 97%. The within-run precision (n = 17) gave CVs of 5.4, 6.1, and 4.0% for samples containing ceruloplasmin at concentrations of 240, 360, and 650 mg/L. Ceruloplasmin concentrations measured by our procedure were compared with those obtained by nephelometric, radial immunodiffusion, and enzymic procedures; the correlation coefficients were 0.93, 0.88, and 0.86. PMID- 6802518 TI - Gas chromatography of serum valproic acid, with methyl-m-toluate as internal standard. PMID- 6802519 TI - Mathematical-statistical evaluation of hypophyseal and ovarian response to Gn-RH and to D-Leu6-des Gly10-LH-RH-EA stimulation in patients with amenorrhea. AB - In a group of 30 women with secondary amenorrhea the administration of D-Leu6-des Gly10-LH-RH-EA Analogue 25 mcg i.m. leads to a more intense and prolonged gonadotrophin response than synthetic Gn-RH 100 mcg i.v. The ovarian response to Gn-Rh is remarkable and lasts for approximately 24 hours; the stimulation with Analogue leads to a response which is slightly more intense than the one induced by Gn-RH, but probably of longer duration. PMID- 6802520 TI - The toxic fraction of gliadin digests in coeliac disease. Isolation by chromatography on Biogel P-10. AB - Improvement in the fractionation of gliadin digests and in the isolation of toxic fractions was achieved using chromatography on Biogel P-10. Fraction V, one of the 11 fractions eluted from a peptic-tryptic digest of crude gliadin extracted from Cappelle wheat, significantly affected coeliac jejunal mucosa in organ culture. BV, gamma V, omega V, the corresponding fractions V from beta-, gamma- and omega-gliadins, displayed similar toxic effects. Fraction VI containing peptides with a lower molecular mass did not show any significant cytotoxic activity and, moreover, inhibited the toxicity of fraction V. Analysis of the toxic fractions V showed that they contained peptides of 7-8,000 molecular mass, rich in proline and glutamine and poor in aromatic amino acids and carbohydrates. Among the various fractions, V, beta V from beta-gliadin appeared the less heterogeneous. PMID- 6802521 TI - Radioimmunoassay of human muscle carbonic anhydrase III in dystrophic states. AB - A radioimmunoassay for the human isozyme carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) has been developed. The assay can detect levels as low as 4 microgram/l of sample. Plasma CAIII levels in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy were found to be up to 39 times greater than levels in a control group. Urine CAIII levels in patients suffering from Duchenne muscular dystrophy were not significantly different from the levels found in urine from normal adults. Measurement of plasma CAIII levels may be useful in prenatal diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and in investigation of adult skeletal muscle disease. PMID- 6802522 TI - Neonatal urine screening for metabolic disease with auxotrophic strains of Bacillus subtilis. AB - A simplified method for neonatal urine screening for metabolic diseases is described. This procedure involves the use of two bacterial inhibition assays which can detect uracil, lysine, and homocystine, in combination with two other assays utilizing spores of amino acid auxotrophic mutants of Bacillus subtilis which can detect several amino acids and purines. These four tests have the capability to detect several treatable inherited metabolic diseases, including three disorders of the urea cycle, using a urine specimen on filter paper. This method results in savings of cost and time over chromatographic screening procedures, since only four agar trays (56 specimens per tray) are used, which can be processed with one cycle through a semi-automated punch index machine. PMID- 6802523 TI - Detection of the Sanfilippo type B syndrome using radiolabelled oligosaccharides as substrates for the estimation of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. AB - 1. The following radiolabelled disaccharides were prepared from heparin and evaluated as substrates for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase present in cultured skin fibroblasts: O-(alpha-3-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L [6,3H]idose (GlcNAc-Ido), O-(alpha-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-1,6 anhydro-L-[6,3H]idose (GlcNAc-anIdo), O-(alpha-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 4)-L-[6,3H]idose 2-sulfate (GlcNAc-Ido(OS)), O-(alpha 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1 leads to 3)-L-[6,3H]idonic acid (GlcNAc IdOA). 2. Alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase activity assessed with GlcNAc-IdOA was 12 times higher than the values obtained using GlcNAc-Ido, GlcNAc-anIdo and GlcNAc Ido(OS). Less than 5% of normal activity resulted when these substrates were incubated with fibroblasts from Sanfilippo B patients. These results demonstrate that a C6 carboxyl group on the adjacent residue to the N-acetylglucosaminide moiety is an important structural requirement in the mechanism of action or binding of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase toward alpha-linked N acetylglucosaminide residues. The presence of a C2 sulfate group on the adjacent residue had no effect on enzyme activity. 3. Alpha-N-Acetylglucosaminidase activity in leucocyte and fibroblast homogenates assayed using GlcNAc-IdOA as substrate clearly distinguished Sanfilippo B patients from normal controls, and Sanfilippo A, C and D patients. PMID- 6802524 TI - Serum lysosomal acid hydrolase activities in Graves' disease. AB - The activities of seven lysosomal enzymes (alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D galactosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase, alpha-D mannosidase, acid phosphatases) were studied in the serum of 31 untreated patients with Graves' disease, 30 treated hyperthyroid patients whose clinical abnormalities had disappeared and whose hormones had returned to euthyroid levels, and 34 controls. The hyperthyroid state is characterized by increased serum levels of alpha-D-glucosidase, beta-D-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase and especially of alpha-L-glucosidase and alpha-D-mannosidase. In contrast, neither beta-D-galactosidase nor acid phosphatases serum levels were significantly modified. After antithyroid treatment, the activities of these enzymes returned to normal levels, except for alpha-D-mannosidase. The interpretation of these changes in serum acid hydrolases activities is controversial. PMID- 6802525 TI - Adult onset absence status: a report of six cases. AB - The six cases which we report show the range of confusional states which may be seen in absence status. They also illustrate the importance of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of acute confusional states. In all cases the absence status began in adult life and in one of these it was the first manifestation of epilepsy. Two patients became schizophrenic concurrently with the onset of absence status. The preventive treatment of absence status remains problematic. In particular, clonazepam and valproic acid were ineffective in our series. The attack of absence status may respond to intravenous diazepam or oral clonazepam. In our experience, if the patient is able to take oral medication during absence status, oral clonazepam stops the status within one to two hours. This avoids the potential complications of intravenous diazepam. PMID- 6802526 TI - A new type of epilepsy: benign partial epilepsy of childhood with occipital spike waves. PMID- 6802527 TI - Behavioral changes produced by valproic acid. PMID- 6802528 TI - The reproductive endocrine system in cystic fibrosis: 2. Changes in gonadotrophins and sex steroids following LHRH. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function was assessed in forty-seven patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) by the 3-hr infusion of 100 microgram of synthetic gonadotrophin-releasing factor. LHRH and the results compared with a group of children being evaluated for short stature and delayed puberty ('controls'). Levels of gonadotrophins and sex steroids were measured prior to and during the infusion. In prepubertal boys, LH and FSH release evoked by LHRH was significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in 'control' subjects than in CF patients. In pubertal boys, LH and FSH release was also greater in 'controls' than in CF, though to a lesser degree (P less than 0.05). In pubertal girls, responses to LHRH were comparable for LH and slightly greater (P less than 0.05) in 'controls' for FSH. In the earliest pubertal groups of both sexes (male-Tanner genitalia stage 2; females-Tanner breast stage 2), LH secretion was similar in patients with CF and 'control' subjects. Significant increments of testosterone and oestradiol in pubertal CF patients do not occur until 6 h after the LHRH infusion begins, in contrast to a rise at 3 h in 'control' subjects. These data suggest that prepubertal boys with CF, who are the most impaired in height, weight and skeletal maturation, also have measurable abnormalities of LHRH releasable gonadotrophin secretion. Despite continued impaired weight growth, pubertal patients do attain essentially normal gonadotrophin secretory responses to LHRH administration and are similar to subjects with constitutional delayed adolescent development in reproductive endocrine physiology. PMID- 6802529 TI - Clomiphene citrate does not modify the exaggerated thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone occurring in primary testicular failure. AB - Patients with primary testicular failure have increased basal TSH levels and an exaggerated TSH response to TRH in the presence of normal circulating levels of thyroid hormones. In order to evaluate it this TSH profile is an oestrogen related phenomenon, sixteen patients with primary testicular failure were challenged with 200 micrograms TRH prior to and after the administration of clomiphene citrate. The latter was given in a dose of 100 mg/day for 4 weeks to ten patients; 200 mg/day for 4 weeks to three patients and 100 mg/day for 2 months to the final three patients. The patients demonstrated increased mean basal TSH levels with an exaggerated TSH response to TRH. Following the administration of clomiphene citrate, there were no changes in T4, T3 sephadex or total T3 levels and in basal or stimulated TSH levels. Clomiphene did produce an increase in oestradiol, testosterone, basal gonadotrophins and LH response to LHRH. Since the oestrogen antagonist, clomiphene citrate, had no effect on TSH secretion, it is unlikely that the exaggerated TSH response to TRH is mediated by oestrogens. PMID- 6802530 TI - Failure of positive feedback of oestradiol during chronic intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment. AB - An oestrogen provocation test was performed in five healthy women during chronic intranasal treatment with 400 or 600 micrograms of the superactive LHRH agonist D Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LHRH daily. Oestradiol benzoate 2.5 mg was administered intramuscularly after at least 3 months of LHRH agonist treatment. The serum levels of FSH and LH were not affected by the oestrogen injection. Failure of positive feedback of oestradiol may be one explanation for the inhibition of ovulation which occurs during chronic LHRH agonist treatment. PMID- 6802531 TI - Pulsatile gonadotrophin secretion in hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea an the response to bromocriptine therapy. AB - Serum gonadotrophin concentrations were measured every 15 min for 8 h in six patients before and at weekly intervals during initiation of bromocriptine treatment of hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea. Before treatment mean gonadotrophin levels were similar to those found in the normal follicular phase, but LH secretion was characterized by infrequent pulses of large amplitude. In three subjects the patterns of LH pulsatility and serum oestradiol levels returned to normal within 7 days of starting bromocriptine. The other three subjects responded with an increase in the frequency of LH pulses and mean LH levels, but little rise in oestradiol. Thus some hyperprolactinaemic subjects have a defect in the ovarian response to endogenous gonadotrophin stimulation, which may persist for a few weeks after return of prolactin levels to normal. The restoration of a normal rate of LH pulsatility with bromocriptine can occur without any change in serum oestradiol concentration. PMID- 6802532 TI - TRH injection during labour: effect on maternal and fetal prolactin secretion. PMID- 6802533 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition response to tissue antigens in asymptomatic individuals infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The direct leucocyte migration inhibition test was used to study 31 asymptomatic humans chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi and 23 normal uninfected controls. The antigenic preparations used were made from mouse and guinea-pig heart, skeletal muscle, kidney, liver and brain. Positive responses were found in the parasite-infected individuals to kidney, liver and brain antigen but not to antigen prepared from heart of skeletal muscle tissue. No correlation was found between T. cruzi antibody titres and migration index values to these various antigens. On the other hand, a positive correlation was only noted between the titres of tissue-reacting immunoglobulins and the migration indices induced by brain antigens: when titres of tissue-reacting immunoglobulins were elevated, less leucocyte migration inhibition was detected. PMID- 6802534 TI - The role of carbohydrate in the structure and function of nephritic factor. AB - Six nephritic factors (NeFs) were purified from the IgG fraction of sera of patients with PLD and/or MPGN by elution from EA C43bBb. All had at least one abnormal H chain component when examined by PAGE-SDS and two additionally had a large L chain. Four different H chains were found. Their apparent molecular weights and the frequency with which they occurred were: 65,000 (one NeF), 61,500 (four NeFs), 57,000 (two NeFs) and 55,000 (one NeF) compared with 53,500 daltons for normal H chain. The molecular weight of the large L chains was 26,500 daltons (cf. 23,500 for normal L chain). Both the NeF activity and the large components were located in the F(ab')2 fragment of the molecule and after reduction the large component was found in the Fd fragment of the H chain. Neuraminidase treatment of purified NeF caused a 1-2% decrease in apparent molecular weight of the large H chain on PAGE-SDS. Mild periodate oxidation, sufficient to cause primarily loss of carbohydrate, caused a marked loss of activity. Reduction and alkylation of NeF under neutral conditions caused only a small loss of activity but after acid dissociation the H and L chains were completely inactive. PMID- 6802535 TI - J chain synthesis in lymphocytes from patients with selective IgA deficiency. AB - J chain synthesis was investigated by in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) cultures in eight patients with selective IgA deficiency and compared with that of normal persons. In normals, all IgM containing cells always had the J chain but only in a portion of IgG- and IgA containing cells was J chain detectable. The percentage of J chain-positive cells amongst IgG or IgA cells increased during culture, reached a peak at days 5-6 or 6-7, respectively, and then decreased. IgA-deficient patients had very few IgA containing cells and an increased number and percentage of J chain-positive IgG cells, except for one patient, who had a significant number of IgA-containing cells without IgA secretion into the culture supernatants. Measurement of Ig in culture supernatants by radioimmunoassay revealed that lymphocytes from seven patients secreted significantly smaller amounts of IgG and IgM than did the normal controls, in addition to the defect in IgA production. These results suggested the presence of some ontogenetic relationship between J chain-positive IgG cells and the precursors of IgA-producing cells, and some functional immaturity of most IgG-producing clones seen in patients with selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 6802536 TI - An investigation of the clonality of human autoimmune thyroglobulin antibodies and their light chains. AB - Thyroglobulin antibodies in the sera from 31 patients with a variety of disorders were studied by isoelectric focusing. Only one gave a spectrotype indicative of a monoclonal response, the other 30 giving spectrotypes characteristic of polyclonal responses. There was evidence of clonal dominance in some of the sera and each gave a different spectrotype. Light chains were prepared from five thyroglobulin antibodies purified by affinity chromatography. There was no restriction in the spectrotypes when compared with light chains prepared from normal immunoglobulin. PMID- 6802537 TI - A transient monoclonal human IgG1 kappa protein with anti-thyroglobulin activity: lack of cross-idiotypy with polyclonal anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. AB - A female patient in her early sixties had for a period of at least 4 months a monoclonal IgG1 kappa protein in her serum and at the same time a very high level of anti-thyroglobulin antibodies. Different isolation procedures showed that the M component was responsible for the high anti-thyroglobulin activity. Anti idiotypic antibodies raised in a rabbit against the monoclonal protein inhibited the M component's anti-thyroglobulin activity, and purified thyroglobulin blocked the reaction between the M component and the anti-idiotypic antiserum. After the M component had disappeared, no cross-idiotypic immunoglobulins could be detected in the patient's serum, nor could the anti-idiotypic antiserum inhibit the residual anti-thyroglobulin activity present in the serum at this time. No reaction could be detected between the antiserum and the anti-thyroglobulin antibodies of sera of other patients. Idiotypic autoantibodies against the M component, which might have caused its disappearance, could not be demonstrated. PMID- 6802538 TI - Reactive and neoplastic human lymphoid cells producing J chain in the absence of immunoglobulin: evidence for the existence of 'J chain disease'? AB - The initiation of cytoplasmic Ig synthesis in differentiating B cells is accompanied by the start of cytoplasmic J chain production. As the cell matures further, J chain synthesis ceases (unless it is producing dimeric IgA or 19S IgM). In consequence, it is common to find Ig-positive, J chain-negative cells in reactive lymphoid tissue. However, the reverse pattern (Ig-negative/J chain positive), which would indicate J chain production unaccompanied by Ig synthesis, has not been reported. In this paper we describe the detection of such cells in reactive human lymphoid tissue by a double immunoenzymatic labelling technique. Furthermore, retrospective immunohistological analysis of 90 cases of human high grade lymphoma revealed three cases in which the neoplastic cells appeared to synthesize J chain but not Ig. These findings suggest that the term J chain disease might be introduced to describe this new class of lymphoid neoplasm. However, it is pointed out that immunochemical categories of human B lymphoproliferative diseases based upon patterns of Ig synthesis are often in direct conflict with histological categories (cf. mu chain-producing neoplasms) and the term J chain disease cannot therefore be recommended. It is probable that further cases of J chain-positive, Ig-negative lymphoid neoplasms, covering a range of histological categories, will be described in the future. PMID- 6802539 TI - Antibodies against human liver-specific protein (LSP) in acute and chronic viral hepatitis types A, B and non-A, non-B. AB - Sera from 42 patients with acute viral hepatitis (AVH), 97 patients with chronic active liver disease (CALD) and 89 controls were tested by radioimmunoprecipitation for the presence of antibodies against human liver specific protein (LSP). Anti-LSP were found in all but one patient with AVH type A (93%) and in a smaller percentage of AVH type B (55%). In non-A, non-B cases, anti-LSP were found in low percentages: 27% in acute cases, 10% in chronic cases. Furthermore, in CALD, a significant difference was found between HBsAg-positive CAH and 'autoimmune' CAH, a significant difference was found between HBsAg positive CAH and 'autoimmune' CAH, both in anti-LSP prevalence (21%, 67%; P less than 0.005) and in anti-LSP titre (1:154 +/- 170, 1:316 +/- 186; P less than 0.005). In HBsAg-negative/anti-HBc-positive CAH, three of 15 patients were anti LSP positive. Anti-LSP were found only in three of 57 patients with various non hepatic diseases with autoimmune features. None of the 12 healthy HBsAg carriers was positive. Hence there is evidence for a considerable heterogeneity in anti LSP response in acute and in chronic inflammatory HBsAg-negative liver diseases. These data suggest that anti-LSP antibodies do not play a prominent role in the process of transition to chronicity of acute viral hepatitis particularly in non A, non-B cases, whereas these antibodies may be important in the mechanism of ongoing liver cell injury in patients with 'autoimmune' CAH, and can represent a useful diagnostic marker of this type of hepatitis. PMID- 6802540 TI - Characterization and demonstration of human liver-specific protein (LSP) and apo LSP. AB - Liver-specific protein (LSP) prepared by standard methods from five normal human livers showed significant variations in terms of quantitative yield, lipid/protein ratio and migration characteristics of different components on SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This heterogeneity is probably related to varying amounts of different molecular species in the LSP preparations. Delipidation and re-chromatography of the LSP preparation appeared to result in relative enrichment of apo-LSP which showed immunological identity with LSP. Rabbit antiserum to LSP gave a precipitin line of identity with standard antisera to human LSP (anti-LSP) from two other laboratories. After extensive absorption, anti-LSP showed selective reactivity with a surface membrane antigen on a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) that exhibits functional and morphological characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes. The antiserum did not react with cell lines derived from other organs as determined by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. The surface staining of viable PLC/PRF/5 cells was eliminated by absorption with LSP and apo-LSP, but not with the equivalent kidney fractions. These findings support the concept of a liver-specific antigen and suggest that the PLC/PRF/5 cell line may serve as a source of homogeneous LSP. PMID- 6802541 TI - Immunochemical characterization of human TL-like (T48) and Ly 1-like (T72) glycoproteins using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Xenoantisera, designated AT48 and AT72, were developed by immunizing rabbits with human thymus cell membrane and guinea-pigs with a T-cell glycoprotein purified from leukaemic T-cell membrane. Whereas AT48, after appropriate absorption, reacted exclusively with the majority of thymocytes (mainly cortical thymocytes) among normal lymphoid populations, AT72 reacted with virtually all of the thymus and T cells but not with B cells. Thymocytes, which were strongly reactive with AT72, existed in the thymic medulla, but cortical cells were also very weakly reactive with AT72. When cultured T-cell lines, all of which were derived from patients with T-cell-type acute lymphatic leukaemias, were tested for their reactivities with AT48 and AT72 by immunofluorescence, we found that AT48 stained certain T-cell lines, whereas AT72 stained all of the T-cell lines tested so far. Immunochemical data showed that AT48 precipitated a 48K molecular weight (mol. wt) glycoprotein from 125I-labelled thymus cell surface glycoproteins, which appeared to be very weakly associated with a 12K mol. wt component. These 48K and 12K mol. wt components precipitated by AT48 showed almost identical isoelectric points (pI) to those of HLA heavy chain and beta 2-microglobulin respectively. AT72, on the other hand, precipitated a 72K mol. wt glycoprotein from thymus and T cells as well as from leukaemic T cells. A less prominent 65K mol. wt glycoprotein was also precipitated by AT72 from thymus and T cells but not from leukaemic T cells. These two components showed almost identical pI ranging approximately from 4 to 7, and this marked charge heterogeneity observed was reduced by neuraminidase treatment, suggesting that it reflects the heterogeneity in sialylation of this molecular species. We concluded from these data that AT48 and AT72 used in this work could detect human homologues of mouse TL and Ly 1 antigens respectively. PMID- 6802542 TI - A simple quantitative assay of circulating immune complexes by laser nephelometry, using a rabbit igg antibody against human aggregated igg. AB - Circulating antigen-antibody complexes were detected by measuring agglutination of complexes with rabbit antisera against heat-aggregated human IgG by means of laser nephelometry. Rabbit antisera were obtained by immunization with heat aggregated human IgG after intravenous injection of a large amount of native human IgG. The antisera were observed to be almost specific to conformationally altered human IgG by immunodiffusion. Even if the antibody activity to native IgG did occur in the antisera, the native IgG in test sera was in excess of antigen in the assay system employed for the detection of immune complexes. In conclusion, the minor antibody activity against native IgG does not interfere with the assay of immune complexes by laser nephelometry. The clinical applications demonstrated the advantage of the method. PMID- 6802544 TI - Iron absorption measured by whole body counting and the relation to marrow iron stores in chronic uremia. AB - Iron absorption was measured by whole body counting, using 10 microCI 59Fe3+ and 10 mg Fe2+ as carrier, in 53 patients with chronic uremia (16 non-dialyzed, 18 peritoneal dialyzed, 19 hemodialyzed) and in 14 renal transplanted patients having normal kidney function. Bone marrow hemosiderin iron was assessed semiquantitatively after staining with Prussian blue, Iron absorption was clearly dependent on iron stores, being higher in patients with reduced marrow iron than in patients with adequate marrow iron stores (P less than 0.01) Hemodialysis patients had greater blood losses and significantly higher absorption than both non-dialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. There were significant correlation between iron absorption and plasma transferrin (r = 0.56, P less then 0.001); and between log iron absorption and log serum ferritin (r = 0.80, P less than 0.01) in peritoneal dialysis patients. The results indicate that the regulatory mechanism which relates iron absorption to body iron stores is intact in patients with chronic uremia. PMID- 6802543 TI - Recognition of a human T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen by an IgM monoclonal antibody. AB - A monoclonal antibody directed at a determinant on human T cells was produced and characterized. This IgM antibody, MBG6, bound to human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and to medullary thymocytes. It was unreactive with normal B cells, B cell lines and granulocytes. Apart from T lymphocytes, bone marrow cells (including cells positive for the terminal transferase marker, myeloid colony forming cells, myeloblasts, and differentiating myeloid and erythroid cells) were negative. Peripheral blood cells that were treated with MBG6 and rabbit complement were no longer capable of proliferating in response to phytohaemagglutinin or concanavalin A; MBG6 did not have any direct mitogenic action on T lymphocytes. Double immunofluorescence studies using IgM MBG6 and OKT3, and IgG2a monoclonal antibody that recognizes all peripheral T cells, showed that these two antibodies identified exactly the same cell populations. Competitive binding studies, however, indicated that MBG6 and OKT3 recognized different epitopes. The antibody may have clinical applications in bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6802545 TI - The role of heparin in the changes of lipid patterns during a single hemodialysis. AB - The effects of heparin administered during dialysis on serum lipids and lipoproteins were evaluated by comparing dialysis with heparin and dialysis without heparin. Gabexate mesilate (GM), a synthetic proteinase inhibitor, was used as an anticoagulant during dialysis without heparin. In dialysis with heparin, significant increases were observed in free fatty acids (FFA), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and plasma lipolytic activity (PLA). Triglyceride (TG) was decreased reciprocally and the lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern was markedly modified. In contrast, in dialysis without heparin, no significant changes were observed in all parameters of lipid metabolism. These data suggest that dialysis induced changes in lipids are mainly caused by heparin and that acetate and glucose in dialyzate make an almost negligible contribution to abnormal lipid patterns in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6802546 TI - The National Study of Breast Cancer Screening Protocol for a Canadian Randomized Controlled trial of screening for breast cancer in women. PMID- 6802547 TI - Anomalous multifocal ossification of the os calcis. AB - While accessory ossicles are relatively common in the feet, major developmental chondro-osseous variations in otherwise normal feet appear to be extremely unusual. The "bifid os calcis" has been reported infrequently since its first description by Sever in 1930. The majority of cases are fortuitously diagnosed, usually in children three years of age or older. The current case was diagnosed shortly after birth. The most obvious roentgenographic finding was punctate ossification in the anterior portion. As in other cases, this appeared to be a solitary, bilateral variation of chondro-osseous maturation. Foot development in the fetus includes considerable variation in the development of the calcaneal ossification center and at least two examples of multiple ossification centers. PMID- 6802548 TI - Ethosuximide plasma concentrations: influence of age and associated concomitant therapy. AB - The relationship between oral dose and plasma concentration of ethosuximide was evaluated retrospectively in 198 epileptic patients aged 2.5 to 34 years. Age appears to be a major factor in determining the ethosuximide plasma level/dose (L/D) ratio. Children younger than 10 years had men L/D ratios significantly lower (p less than 0.0003) than adolescents (10 to 15 years of age) and adults (16 to 34 years of age). Associated antiepileptic therapy reduced the ethosuximide L/D ratio: mean ethosuximide L/D ratios were significantly lower in patients also taking primidone (p less than 0.0005) or valproic acid (p less than 0.02). The correlation between the dose of ethosuximide administered and the plasma concentration was significant in the 3 age groups considered (p less than 0.0004), but the wide scattering of individual plasma concentrations makes it impossible to predict what plasma concentration of ethosuximide will be obtained after a given dose. For this reason, routine monitoring of ethosuximide plasma concentrations still appears to be necessary, especially in children and patients on polytherapy. PMID- 6802549 TI - Concordant optic glioma in a pair of monozygotic twins with neurofibromatosis. AB - The occurence is reported of optic chiasma gliomas in a pair of identical twins, both with neurofibromatosis. One twin developed precocious puberty in the sixth year of life and was shown by cisternal computerized tomography to have a supersellar tumor, which proved to be a malignant glioma. The second twin had an abnormal growth spurt but not overt precocious puberty. Cisternal computerized tomography of the second twin revealed evidence of a similar, smaller tumor at the same site. The literature is reviewed and some possible genetic explanations discussed. This report also emphasises the importance of careful investigation of the second twin when a malignancy is found in one, irrespective of the site or type of the tumor. PMID- 6802550 TI - 1-Alpha-hydroxy vitamin D in dialysis bone disease: radiological changes after 6 and 12 months of treatment. AB - Biochemical, radiological and histological indicators of dialysis bone disease were studied before, 6 months (58 patients) and 12 months (48 patients) after starting treatment with 1 alpha-OH D3. Radiographic healing of subperiosteal erosions was seen after 6 months in 60% and after 12 months in 77% of affected patients. Radiographic improvement, however, was not significantly related to reductions in resorptive surfaces seen on quantitative bone histology, nor to changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. Metastatic calcification appeared or increased in 43% of patients after 6 months and 52% after 12 months. Periosteal new bone developed or increased in 14% of patients after 6 months and 17% after 12 months. Both metastatic calcification and periosteal new bone formation were associated with high plasma phosphate concentrations, but not with plasma calcium, alkaline phosphatase or parathyroid hormone concentrations. Treatment with 1 alpha-OH D3 produces radiological improvement in the majority of patients with dialysis bone disease, but the lack of correlation with histological changes confirms the need for regular radiographic examination. Metastatic calcification and periosteal new bone formation probably represent toxicity of 1 alpha-OH D3 but may be minimised by phosphate restriction. PMID- 6802551 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay of rat angiotensinogen and its application to rats in various endocrine states. AB - 1. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against pure rat angiotensinogen. The antisera obtained were highly specific for rat angiotensinogen and did not bind hog, dog, rabbit, monkey or human angiotensinogen. They did not cross-react with angiotensin I, angiotensin II or synthetic hog tetradecapeptide renin substrate. However, rat des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen cross-reacted 100% with the angiotensinogen antibody. 2. A direct radioimmunoassay for rat angiotensinogen in plasma was developed and this enable 5 fmol of this protein to be detected. Comparison of the amounts of angiotensinogen determined by the indirect and direct assay systems indicated a 1:1.2 ratio for normal rats and rats in various endocrine states, except for adrenalectomized animals. In the latter, the angiotensinogen level measured by direct radio-immunoassay was four times that obtained by indirect assay. 3. The presence of a large amount of des-angiotensin I-angiotensinogen in adrenalectomized rat plasma is discussed. PMID- 6802552 TI - Radionuclide imaging in pharmaceutical, physiological and pharmacological research. PMID- 6802553 TI - The identification of high risk knee bleeds in adolescents with severe haemophilia A. AB - One hundred and thirty-seven knee bleeds treated with an initial dose of 11-16 units of factor VIII/kg have been reviewed in an attempt to find the predictive factors for bleeds requiring retransfusion. Thirty-two bleeds (23.4%) were retransfused within 48 hours because of extension of bleeding or poor progress. Fifty-nine per cent of bleeds which were retransfused presented with pain and 72% were tender at presentation. These figures contrasted with those for bleeds which were not retransfused of 30% and 45%. The difference in each case is significant. Forty-seven per cent of retransfused bleeds presented with less than 50% of normal movement against 12% who were not retransfused. This difference was also highly significant. It is suggested that knee bleeds presenting with pain, tenderness and/or more than 50% restriction of movement should be considered for higher initial doses of factor VIII. PMID- 6802554 TI - Vinblastine-loaded platelets--their effect in a patient with immune thrombocytopenia associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. PMID- 6802555 TI - Ventilation/perfusion relationships. AB - Over the last 10 years the investigation of VA/Q relationships has been significantly advanced as a result of the application of computer-assisted engineering techniques to the traditional concepts and equations of gas exchange. The price paid for this increase in ability to measure VA/Q relationships has been an increase in the complexity of technique, especially as seen by clinicians without a special interest in mathematics. Advances have taken place in the understanding of mechanisms of altered gas exchange in disease, but just as importantly in this author's mind, advances have taken place in our understanding of the problem of indirectly obtaining information from an inaccessible organ. This has been illustrated at some length in this review, and has been applied not only to the newer, more complex approaches to gas exchange, but also to the more traditional methods for assessing gas exchange such as the measurement of venous admixture. Thus, one must have a good understanding of the basic information content of any method before it can be used appropriately. PMID- 6802556 TI - Effect of short-term CO2-breathing on the CO2 content and intracellular pH in skeletal muscle of man. AB - Subjects inhaled air with 8% CO2 for 10 min. Carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood increased rapidly from about 5 kPa to 7 kPa, whereas venous CO2 tension increased more slowly, reaching the arterial value at the end of the CO2 breathing period. Muscle content of total CO2 (HCO-3, H2CO3, solubilized CO2) did not change during CO2-breathing or the following 15 min of recovery. However, when CO2-breathing was combined with light bicycle exercise, total CO2 increased by 30%. This could be an effect of both increased local circulation and increased endogenous CO2 production in the muscle. It is concluded that 10 min CO2 breathing alone is insufficient to affect CO2 content and intracellular pH in resting skeletal muscle. PMID- 6802557 TI - Increasing glucose intake during total parenteral nutrition increases norepinephrine excretion in trauma and sepsis. AB - Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) was given to 15 traumatized or infected patients with all of the non-protein calories, either as intravenous glucose (Glucose System), or as 50% glucose + 50% intravenous fat (Lipid System). Before the administration of TPN, mean urinary excretion of unconjugated norepinephrine was 2.37 +/- 0.52 (SEM) microgram/kg/day, which is significantly higher than for normal subjects (0.62 +/- 0.04 microgram/kg/day; n = 56). TPN with the Glucose System for 4-6 days significantly increased the norepinephrine excretion from 1.95 +/- 0.47 to 6.77 +/- 0.95 microgram/kg/day (P less than 0.01). When TPN with the Lipid System was given the increase (from 3.05 +/- 0.89 to 4.26 +/- 0.70 microgram/kg/day) was not statistically significant. A modest increase in resting energy expenditure was seen with the Glucose System but not with the Lipid System. The administration of high glucose loads during TPN, in addition to providing nutritional support, may exert a metabolic stress as reflected by increased metabolic rate and increased catecholamine excretion. These metabolic changes are reduced when intravenous fat emulsions are substituted for a major part of glucose calories. PMID- 6802558 TI - Pancreas and islet transplantation in diabetes. PMID- 6802559 TI - Outpatient treatment of asthma. PMID- 6802560 TI - Changes in the activities of selected enzymes of intermediary metabolism in the pyloric caeca and ovaries of asterias rubens during the annual reproductive cycle. AB - 1. Activities of several enzymes of glycolysis, glycerolphosphate cycle, TCA cycle, beta-oxidation and pentose phosphate cycle were determined in pyloric caeca and ovaries of Asterias rubens during the reproductive cycle. 2. In the ovaries activities of CS and LDH were significantly decreased during ovarian stages 3 and 4, and those of GDH and GAPDH during stage 3 and 4, respectively. 3. In the pyloric caeca activities of GAPDH and LDH were lower in stage 4 and that of GDH in stage 3, whereas those of G6PDH and HOAD were increased in stage 3. 4. Changes observed in enzyme activities are discussed in relation to the reproductive cycle and to the multiple function of the pyloric caeca. PMID- 6802561 TI - Purification and some regulatory properties of glycogen synthase I from rabbit renal medulla. AB - 1. Glycogen synthase I (activity ratio approximately equal to 1) was purified over 10,000-fold from rabbit renal medulla. 2. The purified synthase was stimulated about 1.5-fold by glucose-6-P and other divalent anions when assayed at pH 7.7 and near saturating UDPGlc. When assayed at physiological UDPGlc (75 100 microM), the enzyme was stimulated about 5-fold by glucose-6-P. 3. At pH 7.7 the activation by either Na2SO4 or glucose-6-P was due to an increase in V and a decrease in S0.5 for UDPGlc. At pH. 6.9, activation was due to a decrease in S0.5. 4. At low UDPGlc, synthase activity was inhibited by adenine nucleotides and the inhibition was partially relieved by glucose-6-P, UDP inhibited in a competitive manner with respect to UDPGlc. 5. These results suggest that the activity of renal medullary synthase I may be regulated by cellular metabolites. PMID- 6802562 TI - Hepatic cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems of the trout, frog and snake--I. Components. AB - 1. Components of the hepatic monooxygenase systems (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome b5, NADPH cytochrome P-450- or c-reductase) of the brown trout (Salmo trutta), leopard frog (Rana pipiens) and garter snake (Thamnophis) were considerably lower than those found in the rat. 2. Reactivity of snake NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase with cytochrome P-450 was about twice that of the rat reductase; reactivities of trout and frog reductases were similar, but lower than that of the rat. The optimal temperature for the rat, frog and snake reductase activity was 37 degrees C, but 26 C for the trout reductase, regardless of whether cytochrome P-450 or cytochrome c was the electron acceptor for the reaction. 3. A type I substrate (benzphetamine) and a type II substrate (aniline) were less reactive with P-450 cytochrome from the trout, frog and snake than with P-450 cytochrome from the rat. 4. Qualitative differences were seen in the ethylisocyanide spectrum of microsomes from the rat, trout, frog and snake; these differences reflect qualitative differences in the populations of P-450 cytochromes among each of the four species. PMID- 6802563 TI - A comparison of the proteolytic fragmentation of immunoglobulin M from several different mammalian species. AB - 1. IgM from six different mammalian species was fragmented with three different proteases. 2. Differences occurred in the proteolysis of the same domain of different species and different domains of the same species. 3. The inter-chain disulphide bridge in the C mu2 domain moderated the nature of the fragments. 4. No well defined polymeric fragment lacking the C mu2 disulphide bridge was obtained. 5. Only in a few cases did fragmentation proceed in regular steps and produce a well defined series of partially fragmented molecules. PMID- 6802564 TI - Adenine and adenosine metabolizing enzymes in cell-free extracts from Euglena gracilis. AB - 1. Activities of the following enzymes involved in adenine and adenosine metabolism were found in cell-free extracts from Euglena gracilis: acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2), 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.-), adenine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.2), adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.7) and adenosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.20). 2. The activities occurred both in heterotrophic and photoautotrophic cells and their levels did not change during light-induced chloroplast development. 3. Neither S-adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1), 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.9) and nucleoside phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.77) nor adenosine degrading enzymes: adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4), adenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.7), and purine nucleoside (adenosine) phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) were found in the Euglena extracts. 4. Comparison of the adenine and adenosine metabolism in Euglena and in other organisms is comprehensively presented. The metabolism in Euglena gracilis differs from that in higher animals and plants. PMID- 6802565 TI - Variations in the glucuronidation rate and in the composition of the endoplasmic reticulum of the wild and semi-domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). AB - 1. The activity of UDPglucuronosyltransferase was analyzed in the hepatic and renal microsomes and in the postmitochondrial supernatant fraction of the duodenal mucosa of wild and semi-domestic reindeer. 2. The total activity was about the same in the hepatic microsomes of both animal groups. When the specific activity was analyzed, the semi-domestic reindeer showed twice as high activities as the wild ones. 3. The results in the kidney and duodenum showed similar changes. 4. The protein, cholesterol and phospholipid concentrations of microsomal and postmitochondrial supernatant preparations were higher in the wild reindeer. 5. It is concluded on the basis of present results that the in vitro glucuronidation in the wild reindeer is on a lower level than in the semi domestic ones. 6. This might be a consequence of changed membrane structure where UDPglucuronosyltransferase is located. PMID- 6802566 TI - The use of antibiotics in dentistry. PMID- 6802567 TI - Allergy to Nestosyl ointments. PMID- 6802568 TI - Contact allergic reactions to diphenylthiourea and phenylisothiocyanate in PVC adhesive tape. AB - 28 patients reacting to a PVC adhesive tape used in routine patch testing gave positive reactions to diphenylthiourea (DPTU) and to phenylisothiocyanate (PITC) in low concentrations. DPTU is a heat stabilizer in the PVC and is partly decomposed to PITC. The two substances were found in another type of PVC. Thioureas giving isothiocyanates are also used in certain types of rubber. Isothiocyanates are present in plants, mainly of the Cruciferae family, and are also formed from thiuram sulfides and thiocarbamates. The connection between isothiocyanates derived from different sources should be investigated. PMID- 6802569 TI - Cost benefit of patch testing with textile finish resins. AB - Eleven years experience of textile finish resin patch testing of suspected textile dermatitis patients revealed 15 cases of allergic textile dermatitis among 428 patients tested. Ten of the 15 patients had a relevant positive patch test to one or more of a limited series of textile finishes; 1 was negative and 4 were not tested with textile finishes. All 15 patients were formaldehyde sensitive. No unexpected, relevant, positive textile finish resin patch test was found. In this study a negative patch test to formaldehyde virtually excluded allergic contact dermatitis from textile finishes. PMID- 6802570 TI - Effects of hypothermic and pharmacological protection on myocardial metabolism in temporary heart anoxia. AB - The authors investigated the myocardial metabolism in 11 patients in the course of the an operation (aortic valve prosthesis) under artificial circulation. In 8 patients the myocardium was protected by combined hypothermic and pharmacological cardioplegia, and in 3 patients, solely by hypothermic cardioplegia. It was found that anoxic heart arrest, regardless of the mode of myocardial protection, was accompanied by biochemical shifts in the myocardium (lactacidaemia, hyperphosphataemia, acidosis); the intensity of the shifts, however, was higher, and the durations longer, in the patients protected by hypothermic cardioplegia alone. The authors discuss the usability of the biochemical shifts in the myocardium for the prognosis of the clinical course in the early postperfusion period. PMID- 6802571 TI - Molecular modifications of hemoglobin. AB - There are two major limitations on the use of acellular hemoglobin solutions in vivo: rapid renal clearance and increased oxygen affinity. A series of chemical modifications of hemoglobin are presented in an attempt to address these problems. Reactions of hemoglobin with phosphorylated sugars and gluteraldehyde under a number of conditions, resulted in either hemoglobin denaturation or production of multiple hemoglobin polymers. In contrast, phosphorylated cyclic nucleotides upon ring opening with sodium periodate resulted in high-yield crosslinking of hemoglobin to exclusively form species with a molecular weight of 68,000. Because yield of modified hemoglobin increased with degree of phosphorylation of the cyclic nucleotide, this reaction is most consistent with formation of a crosslinked product within the 2,3-diphosphoglycerate pocket. Resultant oxygen affinities of such modified hemoglobins were variable and believed to be due to residual nonspecific sodium periodate oxidation. Affinity difunctional crosslinking agents like the phosphorylated dialdehydes seem useful in overcoming the major limitations of unmodified hemoglobin while maintaining basic hemoglobin structure. PMID- 6802572 TI - Function of rabbit kidneys in vitro at normothermia following equilibration with 3.0 M Me2SO and removal by hypertonic washout at 10 degrees C. PMID- 6802573 TI - Sexual dysfunction and erectile impotence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - We studied 20 men (ages 46 to 69, mean 45 years) with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 of 0.55 to 2.1 L), to determine the relative importance of pulmonary impairment vs other occult physical or psychologic factors in the genesis of sexual dysfunction. Seven subjects had ceased sexual activity concomitant with worsening of their pulmonary symptoms; six because of erectile impotence and one due to dyspnea. Frequency of intercourse for the remaining 13 was 16 percent of prelung disease levels, and libido was decreased to 25 percent of premorbid levels. Nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring disclosed that six subjects had organogenic erectile impotence (OEI). None of the subjects showed signs of peripheral vascular disease as assessed by Doppler examination of peripheral pulses (including penile). The mean bulbocavernosus reflex latency (BCRL) for the OEI group (N = 5) was 40.2 msec, while that for the group with full nocturnal erections (N = 10) was 34.5 msec (P less than 0.005). Four subjects had occult diabetes mellitus evident on oral glucose tolerance tests, and one had evidence of an androgen deficit. The correlation coefficient for rank by sexual dysfunction vs pulmonary impairment and age was 0.66 (P less than 0.005) and 0.24 P greater than 0.05), respectively. Subjects with OEI tended to have the worst pulmonary function test results and the highest T-scores on the hypochondriasis, depression, and hysteria scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. Data suggest that sexual dysfunction worsens as lung disease worsens and that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be associated with male impotence in the absence of other commonly known causes. PMID- 6802574 TI - Alterations in gas exchange following pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 6802575 TI - Effect of hyperthyroidism on carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6802577 TI - Early detection and classification of collapse of femoral head after transcervical fracture. PMID- 6802576 TI - Evaluation of acupuncture treatment for sensorineural deafness and deafmutism based on 20 years' experience. PMID- 6802578 TI - New surgical approach in pediatric femoral head avascular necrosis. PMID- 6802579 TI - Surface ultrastructural investigation of experimental fracture healing with scanning electron microscope. PMID- 6802580 TI - Current status in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6802582 TI - Ultrastructural investigation of giant cell tumor of bone. PMID- 6802581 TI - [Low energy cardiac defibrillation in open heart surgery: report of 100 cases]. PMID- 6802583 TI - Epidemiologic survey of endemic goiter and cretinism in Guizhou. PMID- 6802584 TI - Diabetic cardiopathy. PMID- 6802585 TI - [Tendon sutures with a new monofilament synthetic absorbable suture material (PDS suture of 6-0 strength). Results of animal experiments]. AB - The absorbable synthetic suture (PDS suture 6-0 with spatula needle) was examined by experiments on the tendon of the M. flexor digitorum pedis communis of the hare. A total of 34 tendon sutures was prepared histologically and evaluated. The new suture material is distinguished by greatly extended absorption time, low foreign body reaction and an improved tensile strength. With this suture, the conditions in which absorbable suture material can be used are increased. This is particularly true of so-called bradytrophic tissue. PMID- 6802586 TI - Postnatal development of the monkey's visual system. AB - The sudden increase of nervous activity after birth may influence the development of many parts of the brain. The visual system provides a particularly striking example of the crucial significance of birth itself in the maturation of the nervous system, for visual experience is obviously unlikely in utero. The role of the activity of afferent neurons in maintaining, even guiding, the formation of functional connections in the visual pathways has been extensively studied in a variety of species: such work in primates might give insight into the same process in man and into the aetiology of certain developmental disorders of vision. We have performed anatomical and physiological experiments on the monkey's lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), which receives input from the optic nerves, and the primary visual cortex, to which the LGN sends its axons. In both structures there are enormous functional changes after birth, but those in the LGN seem not to depend on normal visual stimulation while those in the cortex seem crucially dependent on visual input. PMID- 6802587 TI - Metabolic events associated with the preparation of the fetus for independent life. AB - The metabolic changes late in fetal development that are essential for neonatal survival are discussed. In many species gluconeogenesis develops before birth but provides substrate for intracellular biosynthesis and not for glucose production because of low activities of glucose 6-phosphate translocase. At the time of glycogen deposition in species with a relatively mature brain at birth the translocase develops and glucagon and adrenaline can stimulate glucose production and synthesis to elevate blood glucose concentrations both pre- and postnatally. The other metabolic fuel accumulated before birth, fat, can also be mobilized prenatally and in fetuses that are relatively mature at birth it may be used as an alternative fuel. The fetal rat brain can oxidize fatty acids and the brain of fetuses such as that of the guinea-pig and man can oxidize ketone bodies before birth. The timing and degree of oxidation of ketone bodies relates to the timing of myelination and protects the brain against hypoglycaemia. These late changes in development are associated with a sharp increase in plasma cortisol and adrenaline concentrations and a high fetal insulin concentration. PMID- 6802588 TI - [Treatment of glaucoma with trabeculectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802589 TI - [Remote results of trabeculectomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802590 TI - [Appearance of the chamber angle after trabeculectomy and mechanism of lowering of the intraocular tension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802591 TI - [Studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of delayed anterior chamber formation after iridencleisis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802592 TI - [Studies on delayed formation of anterior chamber after filtering operations for glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802593 TI - [Furosemide in treating flat anterior chamber after filtering operations for glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802594 TI - [A long term follow-up study of the result of surgery in 224 cases of primary glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802596 TI - [Idiopathic retinal detachment: a clinical analysis of 538 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802595 TI - [Results of bulbar pressure test in 100 normal subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802597 TI - [Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment accompanied by choroidal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802598 TI - [Surgical treatment of lagophthalmos with transplantation of the temporalis muscle and its fascia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802599 TI - [On the recurrence and prognosis of sympathetic ophthalmia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802600 TI - [Syndrome of congenital cataracts and the bird-face anomaly. Report of 18 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802601 TI - [Intraocular implantation and growth of epithelium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802602 TI - [Experimental observations on the C-wave of the electroretinogram (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802603 TI - [A study of fluoro-angiographic pattern of the radial peripapillary capillaries (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802604 TI - [B-scan ultrasonography and computerized tomography of intraorbital hemangiomas (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802605 TI - [The erythrocyte-rosette forming cell (E-RFC) count and results of treatment with transfer factor in herpes simplex keratitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802606 TI - [Application of the vitreous-infusion-suction-cutter in the early extraction of traumatic cataracts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802607 TI - [The normal intraocular pressure as measured with the non-contact tonometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802609 TI - [Cryotherapy of conjunctival cancer (report of 7 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802608 TI - [The indirect binocular ophthalmoscope in the examination and treatment of retinal detachment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802610 TI - [Treatment of corneal disease with low voltage contact X-ray (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802611 TI - [Clinical observations on treatment of epiphora by the lacrimal punctum punch operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802613 TI - [Preliminary investigation on dark adaptation of the normal eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802614 TI - [Causal analysis of bilateral blindness: report of 147 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802612 TI - [Corneal thickness of normal eyes in Chinese (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802616 TI - [A study of the appearance of the optic disc in normal and myopic eyes of 959 subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802618 TI - [Observations on lens opacities in 500 normal eyes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802615 TI - [Investigative studies on some blinding hereditary eye diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802617 TI - [Etiological analysis of diminution of visual acuity in 220 elderly patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802619 TI - [A statistical analysis of the interpupillary distance in 2,044 subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802620 TI - Prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping in colonic surgery. AB - Incidental prophylactic inferior vena cava clipping (IVCC) has been used in 30 patients undergoing colonic operations. The results obtained compare quite favorably with other methods of preventing postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE). This procedure would be justified in patients with a postoperative PE risk greater than 5 to 10 per cent. Practical criteria to identify this group of patients are presented, and the value of utilizing a risk profile is emphasized. There is no mortality from the procedure itself, and the morbidity was limited to lower-extremity edema in three patients who otherwise could have been expected to develop PE. The edema lasted two months in one patient and cleared rapidly in the other two. Attesting to the procedure's effectiveness, there were no cases of recurrent PE. Caval partition is an appealing mode of prophylaxis in high-risk patients because of its safety, efficacy, and permanence. PMID- 6802621 TI - Breath 14CO2 after intravenous administration of [14C]aminopyrine in liver diseases. AB - The determination of of 14CO2 in breath after oral administration of [14C]aminopyrine has been proposed as a quantitative liver function test. In order to shorten the procedure and avoid misinterpretations related to variable rates of intestinal absorption, the [14C]aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was performed after intravenous administration of [14C]aminopyrine in 21 controls and 89 patients with biopsy-proven liver disease. The specific activity of the first hour sample corrected for body weight (SA1) was the most discriminant expression of breath data. The SA1 value, expressed as the percentage of the administered dose, was 0.86 +/- 0.1% (mean +/- SD) in controls and significantly less in patients (0.46 +/- 0.31%). Low values were observed in patients with untreated chronic active hepatitis (0.16 +/- 0.13%), alcoholic cirrhosis (0.2 +/ 0.15%0, and untreated postnecrotic cirrhosis (0.47 +/- 0.17%). In contrast, normal values were obtained in chronic persistent hepatitis (0.86 +/- 0.13%) and 58% of noncirrhotic alcoholic liver diseases (0.83 +/- 0.27%). The results of duplicate studies were reproducible and SA1 correlated with other conventional liver function tests, including 45-min BSP retention. Among these, ABT was the most sensitive screening test for the presence of cirrhosis, especially in alcoholic patients, where it allowed a sharp distinction between cirrhotic and noncirrhotic cases. The results obtained in chronic hepatitis suggested that ABT may provide a reliable index of the activity of the disease. In our hands, intravenous ABT, performed over a 1-hr period, was a fast, sensitive, and discriminant liver function test. PMID- 6802622 TI - Intestinal and hepatic morphine glucuronidation in immature and pregnant rats. AB - The glucuronyl transferase activity was measured in the rat liver and intestinal microsomes during the neonatal development and pregnancy using 14C-morphine as substrate. During development the hepatic glucuronyl transferase activity increased 16-fold from day 1 after birth until a maximum of 9.97 nmol/min/mg on day 20. The enzyme activity in intestinal microsomes increased only 4-fold from day 1 to 0.19 nmol/min/mg on day 30. After the peak activities were reached, there was a continuous decrease in the glucuronyl transferase activities. During pregnancy the glucuronyl transferase activity increased significantly in the liver while no change was observed in the intestinal microsomal fraction. PMID- 6802623 TI - Histological and ultrastructural morphology of 7,12 dimethylbenz(alpha) anthracene carcinogenesis in hamster cheek pouch epithelium. AB - The epithelial changes observed during hamster cheek pouch-DMBA carcinogenesis were classified as hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma stages; carcinomas were usually well differentiated. During carcinogenesis, epithelial thickness increased and in dysplasia and carcinoma stages superficial cells exhibited a marked shift from ortho- to parakeratinization. Marked changes in intercellular organelles were observed and intracellular spaces increased progressively in size. Desmosomes were less commonly seen during carcinogenesis whereas the frequency of gap junctions appeared to increase. The epithelial-connective tissue junction exhibited prominent changes with increasing irregularity, discontinuity and duplication of the lamina densa and a decreasing frequency of hemidesmosomes. Cytoplasmic processes, some containing lysosomal dense bodies, often passed through breaks in the lamina densa and extended into a relatively structureless connective tissue. The results are discussed in relation to the changes in cellular organelles occurring in abnormal epithelial differentiation mediated by the carcinogen and to possible factors which might be involved in the process of cellular invasion. PMID- 6802624 TI - Causes of blindness in The Netherlands. PMID- 6802626 TI - [Self-inflicted hypoglycaemia (three cases)]. AB - A woman with normal metabolism but addictive tendency injected insulin, as was proven by the presence of insulin antibodies in serum. Another woman with a normal metabolism caused hypoglycaemia by taking sulphonylurea preparations, apparently from self-destructive motives. After all laboratory and other tests had at first pointed to organic hyperinsulinism, the diagnosis of self-inflicted hypoglycaemia was finally made by demonstrating the drug in plasma. A young diabetic who required insulin caused hypoglycaemia by injecting additional insulin. The complete absence of C-peptide and especially the strict supervision confirmed the diagnosis. PMID- 6802625 TI - Abstinence-induced changes in plasma apolipoprotein levels of alcoholics. AB - Plasma lipids, including total cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and several apolipoproteins were measured in eight otherwise healthy male alcoholics at the beginning and during a 4-week inpatient abstinence treatment program. The initial triglyceride and apolipoprotein A-11 levels were higher and apolipoprotein B was lower in alcoholics than in 12 nondrinking control subjects. During the alcohol abstinence there was a parallel fall in the levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A I and A-II and a rise in apolipoprotein B. The changes in apolipoproteins C-III and E were less consistent. These findings suggest that, even in otherwise healthy alcoholics, elevated levels of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II on admission are ameliorated during abstinence of several weeks. PMID- 6802628 TI - [Indirect methods for determinations of placental blood flow using radioisotopes]. PMID- 6802629 TI - A review of the mutagenicity of chromium. PMID- 6802627 TI - [Respiratory metabolism of domestic and wild pigs. Influences of feed intake, motor activity and time of day (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802632 TI - Mutagenicity and toxicity of aflatoxin precursors. AB - The Salmonella/microsome test and the chick embryo test were used to determine the mutagenicity and toxicity of five aflatoxin B1 precursors. A definite pattern emerges: the nearer the B1 an intermediate appears in the biosynthetic pathway, the more potent is its mutagenicity and toxicity. PMID- 6802631 TI - Ecotoxicological profile analysis. VII. Screening chemicals for their environmental behavior by comparative evaluation. PMID- 6802630 TI - Effects of treated municipal wastewater on the hepatic, xenobiotic, and steroid metabolism in trout. PMID- 6802633 TI - The use of primary rat hepatocytes to achieve metabolic activation of promutagens in the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase mutational assay. AB - A method is described in which primary rat hepatocytes have been cocultured with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to provide metabolic activation of promutagens in the Chinese hamster ovary/hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (CHO/HGPRT) mutational assay. Single cell hepatocyte suspensions were prepared from male Fischer-344 rats using the in situ collagenase perfusion technique. Hepatocytes were allowed to attach for 1.5 hours in tissue culture dishes containing an approximately equal number of CHO cells in log growth. The cocultures were exposed to promutagens for up to 20 hours in serum-free medium. The survival and 6-thioguanine-resistant fraction of treated CHO cells were then determined as in the standard CHO/HGPRT assay. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(A)P) were found to produce increases in the mutant fractions of treated CHO cells as a function of concentration. The time required for optimum expression of the mutant phenotype following exposure to DMBA and AFB1 was approximately 8 days. Primary cell mediated mutagenesis may be useful in elucidating metabolic pathways important in the production and detoxification of genotoxic products in vivo. PMID- 6802635 TI - Effects of lactation and nursing on tissue concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls and on microsomal enzyme activity in mammary gland and liver in maternal rats. PMID- 6802636 TI - Malignant alpha chain disease and exposure to asbestos. PMID- 6802638 TI - Effects of exercise and time elapsed after exercise on VO2, VCO2 and R responses to norepinephrine in rats. AB - The effects of norepinephrine (NE) injection (300 microgram . kg-1 of body weight) on oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) were investigated in female rats after 1 h of running on a treadmill (21.5 m . min-1) at 10% inclination. Six groups of animals were injected respectively at various times after the exercise (1, 3, 6, 9, 21, and 47 h), and were compared to six non-exercised groups injected at corresponding times. VO2 and VCO2 were monitored continuously during the 20 min preceding injection and for the 60 min following it. The increases in VO2 and VCO2, and the decrease in R were of similar magnitude in both exercised and non exercised rats (about 30% and 20% for VO2 and VCO2, respectively, and -12% for R). Peak VO2 and R values attained after NE injection varied however with time of injection, specially in exercised animals 1 and 9 h after the run. Exercise significantly delayed time of response to NE for VO2 and VCO2 particularly 1 and 9 h after the running bout. It is concluded that time of day, exercise, and time elapsed after exercise are important factors to consider when studying metabolic responses to catecholamines. Furthermore, it is suggested that such experimental controls might be meaningful in human studies as well. PMID- 6802634 TI - Cholesterol biosynthesis in polychlorinated biphenyl-treated rats. PMID- 6802637 TI - Effects of nitrogen dioxide on fatty acid compositions of red cell membranes, sera, and livers in rats. PMID- 6802641 TI - Cost-benefit analysis and roentgen examinations. PMID- 6802640 TI - The interaction of sulfate with carbonic anhydrase. PMID- 6802639 TI - Arrest of chain growth of replicon-sized intermediates by aphidicolin during rat fibroblast cell chromosome replication. AB - The effect of aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha, on size maturation of nascent DNA intermediates was studied in cultured rat fibroblast cells. Results provided the first evidence of DNA synthesis associated with merging of intermediates of larger than replicon size. Aphidicolin at a concentration (1.4 micrograms/ml) causing 90-95% inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, resulted in accumulation of intermediates of nearly the same size as the replicon (2-5 x 10(-7) Da); although the synthesis of short nascent fragments (referred to as Okazaki fragments) continued in the presence of aphidicolin, the rate of their elongation to the replicon size was greatly decreased. On removal of aphidicolin, these accumulated intermediates merged into high-molecular-weight DNA. This merging of the intermediates was associated with DNA synthesis in gaps between adjacent intermediates, as revealed by photolysis of bromodeoxyuridine-DNA leader with long-wave ultraviolet light; when the cells had been pulse-labeled for 5 min with bromodeoxyuridine immediately after removal of the drug, the large DNA arising from aphidicolin-arrested intermediates was cut into fragments of the original size by long-wave ultraviolet light irradiation. The arrest of chain elongation at the replicon-size by aphidicolin might be due to inhibition of this DNA synthesis in gaps, because aphidicolin did not cause degradation of nascent DNAs. PMID- 6802642 TI - Falsely elevated results of radioimmunoassays using double antibody method: arguments for a third anti-rabbit IgG antibody present in certain human sera. AB - Nine sera with falsely elevated results in a TSH radioimmunoassay were studied. Sera dilution and gel filtration showed that the immunoreactive TSH was different from the standard and labeled TSH. It coeluted with the immunoglobulin fraction of the serum. Rabbit serum decreased or emphasized the artifact according to the dose. Falsely elevated results appeared only in radioimmunoassays using a double antibody method for the separation of free and bound labeled hormone. FSH, LH, and beta HCG radioimmunoassays using the double antibody method underwent the same disturbance as the TSH assay in these patients. Our results suggest that the artifact may be due to the presence in certain human sera of anti-rabbit IgG antibodies, interfering in the radioimmunoassay by inhibition of the binding of first and second antibodies. PMID- 6802643 TI - The influence of the route of administration on the bioavailability of an endogenous macromolecule: chondroitin sulphate (CSA). AB - The absorption of chondroitin sulphate (CSA) has been investigated in rabbits after the oral administration of a single dose of 100 mg of CSA per kg of body weight. The oral dose was administered as a lipid suspension or in enteric capsules. No absorption of CSA could be demonstrated. Oral administration did not cause the release of a clearing factor into the bloodstream, a phenomenon that is known to occur in the presence of CSA. The concentration of this factor did not decrease after oral administration of CSA. PMID- 6802644 TI - Effects of age on serum tryptophan and urine indican in adults given a tryptophan load test. AB - An oral load of L-tryptophan (490 mumol/kg) was administered to 25 men and 25 women between the ages of 30 and 80 years. Blood samples were drawn before the load and at 2-h intervals for 6 h after the load. Urine samples were collected for 5 days. Fasting serum tryptophan levels averaged 79.5 mumol/l (+/- 12.9 s.d.). Peak serum tryptophan levels (911-1002 mumol/l) occurred 2 h after the load. Urinary indican excretion on the day of the load averaged 6.4 mumol/24h/kg of body weight (+/- 2.8 s.d.). The concentration of tryptophan in serum, the amount of indican excreted in urine, and the indican:creatinine ratio in urine depended on the age of the subjects. The findings are discussed in relation to previous reports on effects of age on tryptophan pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6802646 TI - Apparent methionine auxotrophy of some tumour cell lines may be linked to impaired amino acid transport. PMID- 6802645 TI - Elimination kinetics of desmethyldiazepam in two young and two elderly subjects. AB - Pinazepam (P) (10 mg) was orally administered to two young (22-23 years) and two elderly (74-80 years) healthy volunteers. Also, desmethyldiazepam (DD) (10 mg) was orally administered to the same young volunteers on a separate occasion. P was almost completely converted into DD 24 h after administration. Plasma levels of DD were measured in all subjects. In all cases, the DD concentration-time curve showed a biphasic decay (a first slow decay was followed by a fast one) which closely fitted by a Michaelis-Menten equation. Vmax and km constant were computed for all subjects. The kinetic analysis relative to the young subjects showed that T 1/2 of both the slow and fast decay as well as the area under the curve (AUC) were reduced when P was administered instead of DD. Comparison of DD kinetics between young and elderly subjects showed an increase of half-life in the elderly, while AUC was found unchanged. PMID- 6802648 TI - Plasma levels of false neurotransmitters across the brain in portal-systemic encephalopathy. AB - Arterial and internal jugular venous levels of false neurotransmitters (FNTs: octopamine, OCT, and phenylethanolamine, PEA), aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, ammonia, and pH were measured in patients with portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) and in appropriate controls to define the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of hepatic coma. The typical plasma patterns reported in the literature were observed: hyperammonaemia (59 +/- 8 mumol/l v. controls 30 +/- 4, P less than 0.005), elevated OCT (19 +/- 3 nmol/l v. 6 +/- 1, P less than 0.001) and PEA (64 +/- 8 nmol/l v. 27 +/-3, P less than 0.001), high ratio of aromatic to branched-chain amino acids (0.92 +/- 0.12 v. 0.32 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.005), and variable glutamine levels 216-734 mumol/l). No consistent net flux into or out of the brain could be demonstrated for any of these substances. The degree of encephalopathy correlated with the level of respiratory alkalosis (r=0.325, P less than 0.05) which, in turn, correlated with the degree of elevation of plasma OCT (r=0.439, P less than 0.05) and PEA (r=0.489, P less than 0.05) as well as with the excess of glutamine efflux from the brain (r=0.927, P less than 0.05). These findings support current views that hyperammonaemia, plasma amino acid imbalance, and elevated production of FNTs are interrelated disturbances which contribute to the pathogenesis of PSE. In addition, the data suggest that alkalosis accentuates the altered metabolism of these substances within the brain. PMID- 6802647 TI - Influence of ascites on the pharmacokinetics of hexamethylmelamine and N demethylated metabolites in ovarian cancer patients. PMID- 6802649 TI - Bile salt transport in intestinal lymph of the rat. AB - The concentrations of conjugated cholate and chenodeoxycholate have been measured in samples of rat thoracic duct lymph, portal and systemic blood. Both these bile salts were present in lymph. After administration of a corn oil meal the flux of both these bile salts in lymph increased significantly (P less than 0.001; Student's t test), the cholate flux rising from 0.9 +/- 0.6 nmol/h (mean +/- SD) to 3.5 +/- 1.1 nmol/h postprandially and the chenodeoxycholate flux rising from 2.5 +/- 0.8 to 4.6 +/- 1.6 nmol/h. This postprandial increase in bile salt flux was due to both an increase in bile salt concentration and an increased lymph flow which rose significantly (P=0.007) from 0.5 +/- 0.2 to 0.7 +/- 0.2 ml/h. Biliary drainage significantly (P less than 0.001) reduced the flux of cholate and chenodeoxycholate in lymph to 0.08 +/- 0.05 and 0.17 +/- 0.10 nmol/h respectively. These biliary drained animals produced no significant rise (P greater than 0.1) in bile salt flux when fed the corn oil meal. The ratio of the concentrations of conjugated cholate to chenodeoxycholate in systemic and portal blood was 1.9:1 and 3.3:1 respectively. In contrast, this bile salt ratio was only 0.44:1 in lymph. These studies show that bile salts, in particular chenodeoxycholate, can pass directly from the intestine into lymphatics thus establishing an enterolymphatic circulation of bile salts. PMID- 6802650 TI - Clinical and biological effects of low doses of (3 amino-1 hydroxypropylidene) 1,1-bisphosphonate (APD) in Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6802651 TI - Fish eye disease: a new familial condition with massive corneal opacities and dyslipoproteinaemia. AB - Fish eye disease (FED) is characterized by severe corneal opacities, causing impaired vision, and dyslipoproteinaemia: hypertriglyceridaemia, raised levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglyceride enrichment of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and reduction of high density lipoproteins (HDL). The disease is described in two unrelated families. In both there was a high proportion of low HDL in relatives without eye disease. VLDL, LDL and HDL had normal electrophoretic mobilities. The concentrations of VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides were increased fivefold. LDL cholesterol levels were normal but LDL triglycerides markedly increased. HDL cholesterol was reduced by 90% as were the levels of HDL apolipoproteins. The major part of HDL cholesterol was in the HDL3 fraction. FED HDL were smaller than normal with molecular weights of 115,000 daltons. Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity and amount of cholesterol esters in serum were normal. Postheparin lipoprotein and hepatic lipases showed normal or subnormal values. Clinically FED differs from other familial conditions with deficiency of HDL such as Tangier disease, LCAT-deficiency and Milano-AI apoprotein disease. In spite of the extremely low HDL cholesterol FED is not characterized by premature atherosclerosis. Mechanisms for the dyslipoproteinaemia are discussed. PMID- 6802652 TI - Genetic disorders of high-density lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis- what can we learn? PMID- 6802653 TI - Glucose tolerance in the elderly: the role of insulin and its receptor. AB - Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in young and elderly subjects with minimal risk factors for diabetes mellitus. Compared to the normal glucose tolerance in the young there was a 45% rate of impaired tolerance in the elderly. Fasting insulin levels were significantly lower in the elderly but post-glucose insulin responses in the first hour were similar in young and elderly subjects. Peripheral insulin action was assessed in terms of the 125 monoiodoinsulin binding to specific insulin receptor sites on circulating lymphocytes in the young, the elderly and a group of age and sex matched obese maturity-onset diabetics. Specific insulin binding was not significantly different in the elderly than in the young but was significantly lower in the diabetics than the young and the elderly. The results suggest that neither defective insulin binding are major causative factors in the reduced glucose tolerance of the elderly. PMID- 6802654 TI - Skin content and plasma transport of vitamin A and beta-carotene in chronic renal failure. AB - The serum and cutaneous concentrations of beta-carotene and vitamin A and the serum concentrations of retinal-binding protein (RBP) and prealbumin were investigated in ten patients with chronic renal failure. The serum beta-carotene concentration was lower in the patients 1.3 +/- 0.7 mumol/l) than in the twenty two healthy controls (2.4 +/- 0.9; P less than 0.01). The skin carotene concentration was also lower in patients than in controls (18.7 +/- 5.5 v. 24.6 +/- 9.9 nmol/g protein; P less than 0.05). By contrast, the patients' mean concentration of vitamin A in the skin was twice that of the healthy controls (11.0 +/- 4.8 v. 5.9 +/- 1.4 nmol/g protein; P less than 0.005) and in serum 3 times that of the controls (4.8 +/- 1.7 v. 1.8 +/- 0.3 mumol/l; P less than 0.001). The increase of serum vitamin A was accompanied by a rise in the RBP concentration, but the concentrations of vitamin A-esters and prealbumin remained in the normal range. It is suggested that vitamin A may accumulate in the skin as a result of an increased transfer of the vitamin by RBP. A possible relationship between high skin levels of vitamin A and uraemic skin symptoms is discussed. PMID- 6802656 TI - Renal hypomagnesaemia in human diabetes mellitus: its relation to glucose homeostasis. AB - Interrelations between magnesium and glucose metabolism were studied in 215 insulin-treated diabetic out-patients aged 7-70 years. All had normal serum creatinine concentrations (below 115 mumol/l) and none had other diseases or received drugs known to interfere with mineral metabolism. A definite hypomagnesaemia (less than normal mean - 2 SD) and hypermagnesiuria (greater than normal mean + 2 SD) occurred in 38.6% and 55% of the patients. In the presence of hypermagnesiuria the serum magnesium concentration was inversely correlated to the urinary magnesium excretion rate (R = -0.23, P less than 0.02). Serum magnesium correlated inversely with both fasting blood glucose (R = -0.32, P less than 0.001) and the urinary glucose excretion rate (R = -0.22, P less than 0.005). The urinary magnesium excretion rate correlated directly with the same variables (R = 0.27, P less than 0.001 and R = 0.58, P less than 0.001, respectively). These data indicate that the net tubular reabsorption of magnesium is decreased in diabetic patients in presence of hyperglycaemia, leading to hypermagnesiuria and hypomagnesaemia. PMID- 6802655 TI - Human skeletal muscle metabolism and morphology after temporary incomplete ischaemia. AB - Incomplete ischaemia was caused by clamping the aorta during reconstructive vascular surgery. After restoration of the blood flow extensive metabolic and morphological changes in the muscle tissue were observed. The adenylate (ATP + ADP + AMP) and the creatine (PCr + Cr) pools declined 30-40% and the energy charge of the adenine nucleotides dropped significantly. The metabolic pool changes were closely related to the changes in the lactate/pyruvate ratios. Morphological signs of membrane disturbances, such as fibre oedema and swelling of mitochondria, were seen in many muscle fibres 30 min after declamping. 5 days postoperatively, a number of mitochondrial abnormalities were observed and fibre regeneration was seen in places. The relative number of Type 2 fibres and the width of the capillary lumen were both related to the decrease of the metabolic parameters. Thus, the metabolic state and the fine structure of the incompletely ischaemic muscle were closely related to each other. The amount of Type 2 fibres seemed to be of special importance for the patho-physiological events in intermittently ischaemic muscle fibres. PMID- 6802657 TI - Lecithin treatment of cognitively impaired Parkinson's patients. AB - To test the effects of lecithin on cognitive deficits associated with Parkinson's disease, sixteen elderly and mentally-impaired outpatients with Parkinson's disease participated in a 9-week double-blind placebo-controlled study. Each patient took a daily dose of approximately 32 g of a commercial lecithin preparation containing 25% phosphatidylcholine, or an equivalent amount of powdered skim milk placebo. Marked clinical improvement was not observed, but some indications of a positive treatment effect were obtained on memory, cognition, and motility tests. PMID- 6802658 TI - Synovial fluid fibronectin. PMID- 6802659 TI - Relative roles of heart rate and ventricular stroke volume for the regulation of cardiac output during controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside in man. AB - The effects of N-allyl clonidine (St 567, alinidine), (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) a substance with specific bradycardic action at the sinus node, were studied on a total of thirteen patients in neuroleptanaesthesia and during controlled hypotension with sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Invariably, the fall in blood pressure was associated with an increase in heart rate (20.0 +/- 4.3+; P less than 0.01), presumably due to an activation of the arterial baroreceptor reflex. Alinidine decreased heart rate to the original level but no fall in cardiac output occurred a ventricular stroke volume and the calculated left ventricular stroke work were increased compensatorily (35.9 +/- 7.2% and 35.9 +/- 6.7%, P less than 0.01, respectively). In patients who received alinidine before the onset of controlled hypotension (n = 5) SNP failed to elicit an increase in heart rate. It is concluded that in patients under neuroleptanaesthesia tachycardiac does not play an important role for the maintenance of an adequate cardiac output during controlled hypotension with SNP. PMID- 6802661 TI - Study of the release of cell wall degrading enzymes during adhesion of Chlamydomonas gametes. PMID- 6802660 TI - Arachidonate lipoxygenase activity in human fetal lung. PMID- 6802662 TI - Mosaic mapping of foci associated with longevity in the neurological mutants Hk1 and Sh5 of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6802663 TI - Aminoacylation of tRNA by cell-free preparations from aging Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6802664 TI - Effect of oxygen on breathing during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - In 10 exercising patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD) we measured ventilation (VE), end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), the ratio of inspiratory time to total time for one cycle (TI/TTOT), and occlusion pressure at 0.1 s measured at the mouth (P O.1), when they breathed room air and 100% oxygen. Oxygen breathing increased the maximal work load achieved. Furthermore, at the same exercise load, P O.1, VT/TI, VE, heart rate, respiratory frequency (f) decreased significantly in hyperoxia as compared with normoxia. Thoraco-pulmonary impedance assessed by P 0.1/VE and P 0.1/(VT/TI) ratios showed a slight but significant decrease to the respiratory centre. Thus in exercising patients affected by COLD, hyperoxia not only decreases the chemical afferent drive but also may slightly reduce the afferent mechanical drive to the respiratory centre. The decrease in the thoraco-pulmonary impedance may be explained either by an increase in efficiency of the respiratory muscles and/or a decrease in airway resistance. PMID- 6802665 TI - Response characteristics and stratification of tectal neurons in the toad Bufo bufo (L.). AB - In the optic tectum of Bufo bufo the activity of single neurons was recorded during the presentation of moving visual stimuli. The location of the recorded cells was marked iontophoretically by means of alcian blue dye. A total of 132 cells were studied, most of which showed clear differences within their responses to a square and to rectangles oriented either horizontally or vertically. The cells were found primarily within the tectum layers 8 and 6. The majority of them preferred the square to the horizontal bar, and this stimulus to the vertical one. Another group responded best to the horizontal rectangle. Relatively few cells were found in which the vertical stimulus was preferred to the horizontal one. A considerable number of tectal cells showed a change of stimulus preference if the stimulus velocity was changed. No clear correlation between response types and anatomical distribution within the tectum layers could be found. PMID- 6802667 TI - Treatment of chronic inflammatory processes of the male genital tract using a combination of demethylchlortetracycline and fibrinolytic enzymes. PMID- 6802668 TI - Loss of substrate binding capacity of the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in Fasciola hepatica infected rats: toxicological implications. AB - Experimental fascioliasis in the rat is responsible for a dramatic decrease in the drug-metabolizing ability of the hepatic monooxygenase system. The present investigation, through a spectroscopic study of hexobarbital interaction with microsomal cytochrome P-450 and in vitro and in vivo studies of hexobarbital metabolism in the rat, demonstrates that this decrease is due to an alteration in the structure of the hemoprotein (loss of substrate binding capacity of cytochrome P-450 followed by denaturation). These results might be responsible for a decreased safety margins for those flukicidal agents that are detoxified by the monooxygenase pathway, and might explain the accumulation problems frequently associated with chemotherapy of Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 6802666 TI - Arm trajectory formation in monkeys. AB - The formation of forearm trajectories of moderate velocities (0.3-1.3 rad/s) was studied in monkeys performing a simple visuomotor task. The experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the transition from one position to another is subserved by a rapid shift to a final equilibrium of forces in agonist and antagonist muscles. This idea is attractive because it suggests the possibility that in simple movements the trajectory is determined by the inherent inertial and viscoelastic properties of the limb and muscles around a joint. The results indicate that these moderate speed movements are controlled by a gradual, and not a step-like, shift to the final equilibrium position. PMID- 6802669 TI - Comparative biochemical and biophysical studies on rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 6802670 TI - The bacterial PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system mechanism of gluconate phosphorylation in Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 6802671 TI - Immunological evidence for the identity of three proteinases from rat skeletal muscle. PMID- 6802673 TI - Saccharomyces cerevisiae secretes 2 exo-beta-glucanases. PMID- 6802674 TI - DNA repair synthesis in plant protoplasts is aphidicolin-resistant. PMID- 6802675 TI - Functioning of spo T gene product in Bacillus subtilis cells. PMID- 6802672 TI - EDTA-binding and acylation of the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. PMID- 6802676 TI - Dynamic tests of hypothalamic and pituitary function in women treated with danazol. AB - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) tests (12 women) and estradiol benzoate stimulation tests (8 women) were carried out before and during short- or long term treatment with danazol. There was no difference in the height or timing of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) peaks following GnRH or estradiol benzoate between any of the treatment groups or between the pretreatment and treatment responses within groups. However, some individuals did show an apparent attenuation of response during treatment. These results indicate that danazol does not produce a profound or consistent suppression of the hypothalamus or pituitary in normal women in the reproductive age group. The impressive clinical effect of danazol may be mediated by additive minor to moderate suppressive effects at each level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian endometrial axis. PMID- 6802677 TI - Influence of danazol treatment during the luteal phase on pituitary and ovarian function during the subsequent menstrual cycle. AB - Eight subjects with normal menstrual cycles were treated with danazol (800 mg daily) during one luteal phase to assess the effect on follicular development in the subsequent cycle. Plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone were measured daily throughout both cycles. Following danazol there was a consistent and significant delay to the preovulatory estradiol (P less than 0.05) and LH (P less than 0.02) peaks and a significant suppression of the early follicular phase FSH (P less than 0.05) and preovulatory estradiol peak plasma levels (P less than 0.05). All other parameters of the post-danazol cycle were indistinguishable from normal. However, there was a small suppression of midluteal phase FSH during danazol treatment, compared with the posttreatment cycle, which was significant for three subjects. It is suggested that the small effect of luteal phase danazol on subsequent follicle development may occur at an intraovarian level through an effect on receptors or enzymes as well as through the small degree of suppression of midluteal phase and early follicular phase FSH. PMID- 6802678 TI - Postcoital testing in women during menotropin therapy. AB - The authors were interested in determining the predictive value of postcoital testing in women who undergo human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) therapy for the induction of ovulation. Fifty consecutive patients were studied whose husbands had acceptable semen analyses; 24 of the patients conceived. Postcoital testing was done after hMG stimulation on the day human chorionic gonadotropins (hCG) were given or the day before. All but one patient had excellent cervical mucus quality. Sperm characteristics in cervical mucus were analyzed in regard to overall motility, number of active sperm per high-power field (HPF), and quality of movement. These data were correlated with outcome in terms of conception. A linear correlation could be shown between overall motility and pregnancy outcome once at least 40% motility was present; no pregnancy occurred in patients with 20% or less sperm motility. Once five or more active sperm/HPF were noted, the chance of pregnancy was about 60%; this chance was not increased with higher density rates. In all but one patient who conceived, sperm with maximum quality (+3 motility) were noted. Data were compiled in a postcoital score (range 0 to 12). Patients with a high score had a pregnancy rate of 70%, patients with an intermediate score, 23%, and none of the seven women with low scores conceived. Because menotropin therapy is costly, demanding, and potentially risky, it is suggested that one utilize results of postcoital testing as a guide in decisions about the continuation of such therapy. PMID- 6802680 TI - Ultrasonic evidence for luteinization of unruptured preovulatory follicles. AB - Luteinization of an unruptured ovarian follicle has been reported as a cause of infertility and has heretofore been diagnosed only by direct visualization of the ovarian surface. Four patients who demonstrated defects in ovulation requiring therapy to induce ovulation and who were not achieving desired conception despite apparently adequate treatment were studied with serial pelvic ultrasonic examinations for 17 cycles. Luteinization, characterized by the loss of a clear demarcation of the follicular cyst wall and the presence of intrafollicular echoes, was suspected in each of these cycles by the absence of ultrasonic signs of ovulation--that is, a rapid decrease in follicular size and the appearance of free fluid in the cul-de-sac. Histologic confirmation of a persistent luteinized cyst is presented. PMID- 6802679 TI - Reversal of persistent anovulation in polycystic ovarian disease by administration of chronic low-dose follicle-stimulating hormone. AB - Low doses of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were administered once daily to two consecutive patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD) for therapy of infertility. Serial blood samples were obtained for gonadotropins and ovarian steroid determinations during the period of FSH administration. Exogenous FSH resulted in an initial and concomitant decrease in serum androstenedione (A), estrone (E1), and luteinizing hormone (LH), with an increase in estradiol (E2) and FSH. Subsequent changes in the above-mentioned hormonal levels were typical of a normal ovulatory cycle, with the exception of FSH, which continued to rise in the second half of the follicular phase. This was attributed to the exogenous administration of FSH. Both patients became pregnant in their first induced ovulatory cycle by administration of chronic low-dose FSH. These preliminary data demonstrate (1) a correction of the biochemical imbalance characteristic of PCOD, (2) successful ovulation induction, and (3) restoration of fertility in PCOD treated with chronic low-dose FSH. PMID- 6802682 TI - The role of seminal vesiculography in the evaluation of male infertility. AB - Although most cases of male infertility are the result of primary testicular abnormalities (either maturation arrest, decreased spermatogenesis, or germinal hypoplasia), obstruction of the genital tract is a well recognized and potentially correctable cause of infertility. Seminal vesiculography is an excellent method of evaluating the male genital tract not only for obstruction but also for other structural lesions that may cause infertility. In 27 patients undergoing vesiculography as part of an evaluation of infertility, obstruction was found in 25%. Three patients (11%) were found to have nonobstructing structural lesions as a possible cause of infertility. Patients with obstructive lesions were found to have significantly lower semen volumes than those with patent outflow tracts. The continued role of seminal vesiculography in the evaluation of male infertility is discussed. PMID- 6802681 TI - Exaggerated prolactin response of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in women with anovulatory cycles: possible role of endogenous estrogens and effect of bromocriptine. AB - Twenty-one women 18 to 36 years old, presenting with chronic anovulation, were compared with 10 normally cycling women. The patients were characterized by low progesterone (P) levels (0.93 +/- 0.14 ng/ml versus 15.5 +/- 1.4 in controls), whereas 17 beta-estradiol (E2) was moderately decreased (110.2 +/- 8.3 pg/ml versus 162.8 +/- 14.5 in controls) realizing a relative hyperestrogenism. Basal prolactin (PRL) levels were not elevated (12.1 +/- 0.97 ng/ml versus 9.2 +/- 0.7 in controls), but after thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation an exaggerated response was observed (114.5 +/- 7 ng/ml versus 55.8 +/- 9 in controls). Patients were treated with bromocriptine (1.25 mg 2 times a day) for 3 months. Fifteen responded with ovulatory cycles, and five became pregnant. Progesterone increased significantly (10.2 +/- 1.3 ng/ml), whereas in patients who did not ovulate P increased only slightly (1.56 +/- 0.18 ng/ml). The particular endocrine profile of these patients (P/E2 imbalance) realizing relative hyperestrogenism may be responsible for the exaggerated PRL response to TRH. Bromocriptine, in reducing this transient, or masked, hyperprolactinemia, allows in many patients the return to ovulatory cycles. This mechanism may be one of the possible pathways leading to chronic functional or organic hyperprolactinemia. PMID- 6802683 TI - [The ovulation-inducing effect of CB-154 on normoprolactinemic anovulatory subjects (author's transl)]. AB - Several investigators have reported that CB-154 induces ovulation in patients with normoprolactinemic anovulation as well as those with hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea. In the present research, the ovulation-inducing effects of CB-154 were studied in normoprolactinemic subjects with special reference to the feedback effect of estradiol on LH release. Thirty female subjects aged 20 approximately 32 years with ovulatory disturbances were studied. Basal serum PRL, LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassay, and both hyperprolactinemic and hypergonadotropic anovulatory patients were excluded. A 2mg dose of estradiol benzoate was administered intramuscularly to each subject and 8ml samples of venous blood were taken at 0, 6, 24, 30, 48, 54, 72, 78 hr. The subjects under study were divided into two groups, A and B, according to the effect the estradiol benzoate had an LH release. Group A subjects (nine in all) failed to show any positive feedback release of LH in response to the estradiol benzoate. Group B subjects (twenty-one in all) showed a more than twofold increase in circulating LH as compared with the initial serum LH value, and this was taken as an indication of positive feedback release. All the subjects in group B were given clomiphene (50 approximately 100mg daily for five days). The clomiphene therapy was effective in eleven subjects, and four became pregnant (three in the first or second cycle of treatment and one in the third). The therapy was ineffective in the remaining six subjects, four of whom were diagnosed as suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome. Clomiphene was judged to be effective when the subjects undergoing therapy with this drug ovulated during three successive treatment cycles, and ineffective when the subjects did not fulfill this criterion (criterion for effectiveness of clomiphene). With the exception of four cases of polycystic ovary syndrome and three pregnancies which occurred in the first or second cycle, the rate of effectiveness of clomiphene in group B was 12 out of 14. It was concluded from these results that clomiphene was effective in group B subjects except in cases of polycystic ovary syndrome. Treatment with clomiphene alone was effective in none of the seven subjects in group A. However, administration of CB-154 for several weeks prior to and during the clomiphene treatment cycle (combined therapy of CB-154 and clomiphene) led to remarkably improved ovulation rates in five subjects in group A. Four patients in group A were selected, and given estradiol benzoate prior to (control) and during (study) CB-154 administration. In each case administration of CB-154 elicited marked positive feedback release of LH as compared with the control period, that is to say, CB-154 transformed group A patients into group B patients. This effect of CB 154 may explain why therapy combining CB-154 and clomiphene improved ovulation rates in group A... PMID- 6802685 TI - Decision analysis and dental malpractice suits. AB - This article introduced the reader to the basic notions of decision analysis. The generic structure of decisions was introduced by means of an example. Using the concepts for analyzing malpractice suits was then discussed in the context of a hypothetical problem. Two points are worth noting: (1) decision analysis constructs have wide applicability, since the ingredients germane to decision problems across disciplines have important similarities; and (2) the purpose of engaging in formal analysis is to enhance understanding and description of a problem and to aid the decision-maker to be more explicit and more comprehensive in his search for a preferred course of action. Undoubtedly the article has raised some questions in the minds of the readers. In an elementary exposition such as this it is difficult to do full justice to the topics of decision analysis. The following references may be of interest. PMID- 6802684 TI - [Endocrinological analysis of hypothalamic primary amenorrhea (author's transl)]. AB - Primary amenorrhea, in which serum concentrations of gonadotropins are low or normal, has been considered to be relatively rare. Recent analysis in our outpatient clinic revealed that the incidence of hypothalamic primary amenorrhea is higher than previously appreciated, comprising 26.7% of the total primary amenorrheas. Endocrinological functions of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-ovarian axis in these patients were therefore investigated. Studies on gonadotropin secretion indicated that a disturbance in LH-RH secretion and a lack of estrogen positive feedback were principle features of this disease. In addition to the dysfunction of gonadotropin secretion, the control of PRL secretion was disturbed in this disease since there was a poor PRL response to chlorpromazine in spite of normal responsiveness to TRH. Thus, "isolated gonadotropin deficiency" hitherto used to describe this disease is not pertinent. Furthermore, these results suggest that PRL might be involved in the onset of puberty in humans. Clinically, the induction of ovulation with HMG (Human Menopausal Gonadotropin) is possible in hypothalamic primary amenorrhea, although the ovarian responsiveness to gonadotropin is poor. Therefore, an endocrinologically precise diagnosis of hypothalamic primary amenorrhea is important in the gynecological clinic because fertility has been considered to be almost impossible in primary amenorrhea. PMID- 6802686 TI - Alternate pathway of complement and bactericidal response of the channel catfish to Salmonella paratyphi. AB - Fresh channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) serum from unimmunized catfish exhibited 100% bactericidal activity against Salmonella paratyphi. Components responsible for bactericidal activity could be absorbed from the fresh catfish serum with S. paratyphi. The bactericidal system of the fresh catfish serum showed a need for magnesium rather than for calcium after EDTA treatment. The addition of salicylaldoxime or ammonium hydroxide to catfish serum indicated the alternate rather than the classical pathway of complement activation to be important in bactericidal activity against S. paratyphi. Bactericidal activity of catfish serum was labile when incubated at 47 degrees C for 30 min., stable for at least 4 mo. at -80 degrees C and could be absorbed with S. paratyphi at 25 degrees C. Very minimal bactericidal activity was present in the descending portion of the first 13.7S peak with most activity being found in the descending portion of the second 7.1S peak and throughout the entire 3.4S peak after Sephadex G-200 catfish serum fractionation. PMID- 6802687 TI - Variations of glycogen level and alpha-glucosidase activity in human malignant epithelial cell lines in culture. AB - 1. Acid lysosomal and neutral alpha-glucosidase activities are measured during the culture of five human malignant epithelial cell lines, as a function of the growth-related glycogen accumulation. 2. Neutral alpha-glucosidase is found to be active mainly during the exponential phase of cell culture, which could be related to an enhancement of glycosylated compound synthesis. 3. The latent activity of the acid lysosomal alpha-glucosidase increases during the course of cell culture and especially when glycogen accumulates, suggesting that this enzyme could be involved in the control of the polysaccharide storage within the cell. PMID- 6802688 TI - Poly (ADP-ribosylation) in N, N-diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. AB - 1. Liver nuclei isolated from male mice treated with the carcinogen N, N diethylnitrosamine were examined for the homopolymer poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) and for the activity of the conjugate polymerase. 2. At all levels of the carcinogen tested, a concomitant increase in both poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) content and activity of the enzyme were found. 3. Both responses were transitory and dose dependent. PMID- 6802689 TI - Lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6802690 TI - A fixed combination of metoprolol slow-release and chlorthalidone, given once daily, in the long-term treatment of arterial hypertension. AB - A fixed combination of metoprolol slow-release 200 mg and chlorthalidone 25 mg was given once daily over a 3 months period in forty out-patients with mild-to moderate arterial hypertension stage I or II WHO. The combination elicited a clear-cut antihypertensive effect lasting at least 24 hours after drug. As compared with pre-treatment values, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were gradually reduced within the first month of treatment, remaining nearly constant in the following 2 months. Treatment was well tolerated by all patients. Neither serum potassium nor any other laboratory test (creative, glucose, uric acid, etc) showed significant changes. In conclusion, slow-release metoprolol fixed association with chlorthalidone provides a safe and effective treatment of arterial hypertension even on a long-term basis. The once daily dosing schedule may considerably improve patient's compliance. PMID- 6802691 TI - Long-term treatment of essential hypertension with Nadolol and Hydrochlorothiazide: a two-year follow-up. AB - After 3 weeks of placebo administration, thirty-two mildly or moderately hypertensive patients were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) for 3 weeks, then with HCZ plus nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocker, for 2 years. The dose of HCZ was 50 mg once daily for all except two patients, who received 50 mg twice a day. The dose of nadolol ranged from 40 mg to 240 mg, once daily. The average supine blood pressure decreased from 182/110 mm Hg at the end of the placebo period to 170/104 mm Hg at the end of treatment with HCZ alone. Nadolol was added to the regimen, and the average supine blood pressure decreased further to 132/88 mm Hg at the end of 3 months of combined therapy. It remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the 2-year study, and no increases in the dosage of either drug were needed. Side-effects were mild, and none required a change in dosage. A once-daily dose of nadolol combined with HCZ appears to be safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of mild or moderate essential hypertension. PMID- 6802692 TI - Stage-dependent secretion of ABP by rat seminiferous tubules. AB - The secretion rate of the Sertoli-cell-specific androgen-binding protein (ABP), has been studied in isolated rate seminiferous tubules, where the stages of the spermatogenic cycle have been identified by a transillumination method. The secretion of ABP was highest in stages VII-XII, as determined by steady-state polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis as well as by radioimmunoassay. More specifically, when the sensitive RIA technique permitted the assay of ABP secretion from a total amount of 10-30 mm of isolated tubules, it was found that maximal ABP secretion occurred at stages VIII-XI and minimal at stages IV-V. The present results show that the secretory activity of the Sertoli cells (ABP) is influenced by the type of germ cell at each cell association. It is postulated that the variation is Sertoli-cell secretory activity is of importance for the normal maintenance of spermatogenesis. PMID- 6802693 TI - Cost control in hospital design: introducing value analysis. PMID- 6802694 TI - Insulin precipitation in artificial infusion devices. AB - Precipitation of insulin is a problem with mechanical insulin infusion devices. Therefore conditions affecting insulin precipitation have been studied in a recirculating system using a peristaltic pump. Acetate buffer favoured precipitation and a pH of 2, 3 or 8 resulted in no less (and often more) precipitation than a pH of 7 using either acetate of phosphate buffer. However, no precipitation occurred in a phosphate buffered neutral preparation after ten days of pumping through tubing pretreated with EDTA. In comparison at pH 7, using acetate buffer with untreated tubing, more than 95% of insulin was precipitated in ten days. A heavy metal-insulin association appears to be a major factor in the precipitation. However, some formation of insulin fibrils is probable as the precipitate is autocatalytic and partially acid insoluble. Phosphate buffered highly purified porcine insulin is suitable for relatively prolonged infusion if metal ion contamination of the delivery system is minimised. PMID- 6802696 TI - DNA replication is required for tissue-specific enzyme development in ascidian embryos. AB - Tyrosinase which is a tissue-specific enzyme in the pigment cells of the brain of the ascidian embryo, is thought to be synthesized with activation of appropriate genes, and the enzyme synthesis begins at the early tailbud stage. If embryos at early cleavage stages up to the 64-cell stage are continuously treated with aphidicolin (a specific inhibitor of DNA synthesis), cleavage of the embryos is arrested and they do not differentiate the enzyme. However, the early gastrulae and embryos at later stage that have been permanently arrested with aphidicolin do produce the enzyme. Alkaline phosphatase, a tissue-specific enzyme of the endodermal cells, has been shown to be synthesized by a preformed maternal mRNA and is first detected histochemically at the late gastrula stage. If embryos at early cleavage stages up to the 16-cell stage are prevented from undergoing further divisions with aphidicolin, the arrested embryos do not form the enzyme. However, embryos at the 32-cell and later stages that have been permanently arrested with aphidicolin are able to differentiate the enzyme activity. These results suggest that several DNA replications are required for the histospecific enzyme development in ascidian embryos. PMID- 6802697 TI - [Assessment of steroids usefulness in acute Crohn's disease treated by total parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802698 TI - [Transplantation of islets of Langerhans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802695 TI - Impaired insulin binding to isolated adipocytes in experimental diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Insulin sensitivity in vivo and insulin binding in vitro to adipocytes have been studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats with ketoacidosis. Insulin sensitivity in vivo measured as the acute (20 min) fall in blood glucose in response to an insulin infusion of 1 U/kg body weight per hour correlated positively with arterial blood pH (r = 0.92, p less than 0.01: n - 38). At pH less than 6.9 there was no fall in blood glucose. For studies in insulin binding to adipocytes ketoacidotic animals were divided into a group with moderate ketoacidosis (pH greater than 7.0) and a second group with severe ketoacidosis (pH less than 6.9). Insulin binding to adipocytes was maximal in cells from both ketoacidotic and from normal rats at pH 7.6-7.8. Total binding was decreased in he diabetic rats (P less than 0.01) and this was more marked in the severely diabetic group (p less than 0.001) at all pHs studied. At pH 7.4, 125I-insulin binding was decreased in diabetics compared with normal rats (0.89 +/- 0.14 versus 2.0 +/- 0.24% with 2 x 10(5) cells/ml: n = 6;p less than 0.01) and also in the severe compared with the moderate ketoacidotic rats (0.5 +/- 0.08%/2 X 10(5) cells; n = 6, p less than 0.05). Equilibrium binding studies showed that there was a small decrease in apparent affinity in adipocytes from both groups of diabetics (KD = 2.8 +/#- 0.2 X 10-9 mol/l, n = 6 in moderate ketoacidosis; 2.5 +/- 0.3 X 10-9 mol/l, n = 6 in severe ketoacidosis) compared with control animals (KD = 1.8 +/- 0.15 X 10-9 mol/l, n = 6). Scatchard analysis revealed that there was also a decrease in receptor concentration which was greater in the severely ketoacidotic group. These findings may explain in part the insulin resistance of severe ketoacidosis. PMID- 6802699 TI - Whole body leucine metabolism in adolescents with Crohn's disease and growth failure during nutritional supplementation. AB - The adaptive response of whole body leucine metabolism to nutritional supplementation was determined in 6 adolescents with Crohn's disease and growth failure. Five healthy adolescents served as controls for body composition studies. In the first study period, all subjects received a constant diet comparable to usual intakes. In the second period, the patients were given overnight intragastric supplemental feedings that increased dietary protein and energy intakes approximately 40% (to 3.2 g/kg . day and 96 kcal/kg . day, respectively). During each dietary period, O2 consumption, nitrogen balance, whole body potassium (40K), and urinary creatinine measurements were obtained on all adolescents, and the patients received a primed, constant, intravenous infusion of [13C]leucine for 4 h in the fed state. Plasma leucine and expired carbon dioxide 13C-enrichments were determined by mass spectrometric techniques. In the first study, O2 consumption and nitrogen balances were similar between groups; in patients, 40K and urinary creatinine were reduced by 30% and 36%, respectively. With nutritional supplementation, nitrogen balance increased fourfold; O2 consumption and 40K increased by 32% and 10%, respectively. Similarly, whole body leucine flux increased from 166.9 +/- 5.9 to 201.3 +/- 11.2 mumol/kg . h (p less than 0.05) due to a 66% increase in leucine incorporation into body protein (p less than 0.01) and a 41% decrease in leucine oxidation (p less than 0.05). Thus, these studies demonstrate that the mechanisms responsible for lean body mass accretion during nutritional supplementation in adolescents with Crohn's disease and growth failure are increased rates of amino acid incorporation into body protein (via protein synthesis) and decreased rates of amino acid oxidation. PMID- 6802700 TI - Liver in parenteral nutrition cholestasis. PMID- 6802702 TI - Nucleocytoplasmic relations in a mutator-suppressor system of Drosophila ananassae. AB - A partially characterized mutator-suppressor system, previously identified in the ca; stw stock of Drosophila ananassae, was shown to exist in the ca ancestral stock; it consists of a clastogenic mutator of sperm chromosomes and a suppressor that functions in the oocyte soon after fertilization. Transmission of these components was monitored by Minute mutation frequencies produced by the progeny of recurrently backcrossed hybrid females derived from reciprocal outcrosses of the ca stock. In this way, the mutator was shown to be an extrachromosomally transmitted element whose propagation depends upon nuclear genes. Suppressivity was found to be determined by nuclear genes, some of which are expressed only after a delay of several generations. Neither the mutator nor its suppressor appear to be infectious. Measurement of dominant lethal frequencies showed that the suppressor is completely effective in repair of premutational lesions induced by the mutator. The properties of this mutator-suppressor system were compared with those of hybrid dysgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6802701 TI - Heterochromatic recombination in germ cells of Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - Heterochromatic recombination in germ cells was found to occur in females of Drosophila melanogaster having a specific genotype. Results of the present study can be summarized as follows: (1) The frequency of heterochromatic recombination decreases consistently and markedly as the female ages. (2) The female that induces heterochromatic recombination is associated with reduced number of progeny when she is young, but as she gets older, the number of progeny increases, approaching that of the normal female. The reduction in the number of progeny is due to unhatchability of eggs produced, not to reduced egg laying. (3) Cytoplasmic factors affect the above two traits. These traits seem to be due to interaction between chromosomal and cytoplasmic elements. (4) These traits are not expressed in males. (5) The increase in recombination frequency seems to be limited to the centric heterochromatin.--It is suggested that heterochromatic recombination is one of the traits associated with the I-R system of hybrid dysgenesis in D. melanogaster. PMID- 6802704 TI - Multilocus nonrandom associations in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6802705 TI - Recommendations for inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6802703 TI - Spontaneous mitotic recombination and evidence for an X-ray-inducible system for the repair of DNA damage in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Spontaneous mitotic recombination in the left and of chromosome 3 was examined in both unirradiated control flies and sibs irradiated early in development by determining the sizes and frequencies of multiple-wing-hair (mwh) clones in the wing blade of heterozygous mwh/+ flies. Approximately 16% of the spontaneous mwh clones arise from events generating cells with normal division rates. The remaining 84% result from events generating cells with an average cell division rate one-third that of the surrounding cells; these are thought to result from events that generate aneuploid cells. Such clones probably arise from a failure correctly to repair spontaneous DNA damage. The frequency of spontaneous events late in development decreases significantly after irradiation as much as 150 hours earlier in development. The suppression of spontaneous events decreases with a longer period of time between irradiation and the final cell divisions in the wing blade. These results suggest the existence of a repair system for DNA damage in Drosophila that is induced by irradiation. The decrease in effect with time following irradiation could result from slow degradation or dilution by subsequent cell growth and division. PMID- 6802706 TI - Profits and patient care quality in nursing homes: are they compatible? PMID- 6802707 TI - A role for Title XX in the aging network. PMID- 6802708 TI - The nursing home scoring system: a policy analysis. PMID- 6802709 TI - Impact of institutional care policies on family integration. PMID- 6802710 TI - [Microflora of pleural empyema and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents]. PMID- 6802712 TI - Nursing measures to maintain foot health. PMID- 6802713 TI - First Italian family with abnormal antithrombin III (an-III vicenza). PMID- 6802711 TI - Intestinal permeability in coeliac disease: the response to gluten withdrawal and single-dose gluten challenge. AB - Intestinal permeability has been studied in 21 patients with coeliac disease in relapse and after gluten withdrawal using an oral test of intestinal permeability based on the simultaneous oral administration of two probe molecules. The increased absorption of the larger molecule (cellobiose) and the decreased absorption of the smaller (mannitol) found in untreated coeliac disease both returned to normal within five months of starting treatment, the abnormality in cellobiose absorption correcting more rapidly than that of mannitol. After exposure to a single oral dose of gluten, the intestinal permeability of six patients with treated coeliac disease became transiently abnormal with an increased absorption of cellobiose, returning to normal within one week. The possible structural and functional implications of these findings are discussed. The cellobiose/mannitol ratio appears to be of value in assessing the response to gluten withdrawal in coeliac disease, and also in monitoring patients who are already established on a gluten free diet by detecting dietary lapses and 'non responding coeliac disease'. It may also offer an alternative to jejunal biopsy in patients subjected to gluten challenge. PMID- 6802714 TI - [Cytogenetical studies on erythropoietic and myelopoietic progenitor cells in vitro in chronic myelogenous leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802716 TI - [The prognostic value of bone involvement in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802715 TI - Combination chemotherapy of unfavourable prognosis non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). A retrospective study of 53 cases. PMID- 6802718 TI - Microcytosis in hyperthyroidism: haematological profile in thyroid disorders. PMID- 6802717 TI - Preliminary studies on indobufen (K 3920). A new inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6802719 TI - IgE myeloma. Report of a new case and review of the literature. PMID- 6802720 TI - Bone marrow erythroblastic recovery after plasmapheresis in acquired pure red cell anemia. Case report. PMID- 6802721 TI - The changing pattern of therapy in adults with acute myeloblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6802722 TI - [Hairy-cell leukemia or tricholeukemia]. PMID- 6802723 TI - Smouldering multiple myeloma. PMID- 6802724 TI - Predominantly B-cell infiltrate in rheumatoid nodules. PMID- 6802725 TI - Culture-produced subendothelium. I. Platelet interaction and properties. AB - Culture-produced subendothelium (SE) has been prepared from cultured porcine aortic endothelial cells (ECs) by a rapid freeze-thaw, ice-shearing method. En face preparations of this in situ SE material are essentially free of intact or damaged cells and cell debris and consisted of an extensive meshwork of microfibrillar and amorphous material. Washed porcine platelets reacted extensively with this SE material and were associated with the SE as single adherent platelets, single spread platelets, and varying-sized platelet aggregates or 'microthrombi'. Platelet aggregates were associated only with the damaged or frayed edges of the SE, and the platelets had undergone extensive SE induced contraction and degranulation, as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. Platelet-SE interaction was affected by pH, calcium, platelet concentration, rapid shaking and exposure time. Platelet-SE interaction was significantly enhanced by the addition of 0.1-1% citrated plasma or purified porcine F.VIIIR:WF. Pretreatment of the SE with thrombin, elastase, neuraminidase or hyaluronidase had no effect on platelet-SE interaction, whereas pretreatment with pepsin, plasmin, trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin or collagenase decreased or completely abolished all platelet-SE interaction. Extraction of the SE with various solutions (high salt, detergents, etc.) had no effect on platelet-SE interaction, only solutions containing sodium dodecyl sulfate completely abolished all platelet-SE interaction. PMID- 6802726 TI - [Detection and determination of fetomaternal hemorrhage in pregnancy]. PMID- 6802727 TI - [The short bowel syndrome]. PMID- 6802728 TI - Preliminary observations on habitat utilization and diet in eight Surinam Monkeys. AB - The eight monkey species occurring in Surinam were studied in the Raleigh-vallen Voltzberg Nature Reserve along the Coppename River. Special emphasis was placed on determining how these eight species divide up available habitat and food resources within a 300-ha study area. Cebus apella apella is probably the most adaptable of the Surinam monkeys. It was found mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types (high rain forest, low rain forest, mountain savanna forest, liane forest, pina swamp forest) in the study area, and entered a variety of edge habitats. Saguinus midas midas, the only callitrichid in Surinam, also occurred mainly in the understory and lower to middle parts of the canopy of all five forest types, but was the only species to spend more time in edges than in non-edge habitats. Alouatta seniculus was most often seen in the middle to upper strata of high forest, but occasionally entered the four other forest types and a variety of edges. Cebus nigrivittatus is apparently less adaptable than its congener and was largely restricted to the understory and lower to middle strata of high forest. It occasionally entered two other forest types as well, but was rarely seen in edges. Chiropotes and Pithecia were both found almost exclusively in high forest and mountain savanna forest, but Chiropotes was mainly in the upper part of the canopy and in emergents, whereas Pithecia occupied the lower to middle parts of the canopy and the understory. Neither species made much use of edges. Ateles paniscus paniscus and Saimiri sciureus represent the extremes of primate adaptation in the Voltzberg area. Ateles was the most restricted species, and was found almost exclusively in high forest. It very rarely entered edges and was most often seen in the uppermost forest strata. In contrast, Saimiri was the only species that was not found most often in high forest, and it occurred consistently lower than any other monkey in the area. More than 50% of all Saimiri observations were in liane forest, a habitat rarely or never entered by most of the other species, and more than 60% were in the understory stratum. Saguinus, Saimiri, Cebus apella and C. nigrivittatus were omnivorous, with Saimiri apparently eating the most arthropods. The four remaining species were not seen feeding on insects or other animals. All eight species included a high proportion of fruit in their diet, with flowers and sometimes leaves usually playing a minor role. The two largest species, Alouatta and Ateles, were the most folivorous, but Alouatta was the only one that ate mature leaves and its leaf intake far exceeded that of Ateles. The three smallest species (Saguinus, Saimiri, Pithecia) did not eat leaves at all. Chiropotes was an important seed predator; Pithecia and C. Nigrivittatus may also depend heavily on seeds. Alouatta and Saimiri were never seen acting as seed predators. Alouatta and Ateles were major seed dispersers. The other six species occasionally dispersed seeds, but to a much lesser extent. PMID- 6802729 TI - New antigens on primate immunoglobulins determined by antiglobulins of normal human sera. PMID- 6802730 TI - Variable territoriality among tantalus monkeys in Cameroon. PMID- 6802731 TI - Development of deciduous and permanent dentition in Tarsius and its phylogenetic significance. AB - The earliest stages of development and differentiation of deciduous and permanent teeth were studied in prenatal and perinatal tarsiers. Both deciduous and successional teeth develop at loci for I1, I2, C, P2-4. Relationships among the dental lamina, enamel organs, and successional lamina were used to determine tooth homologies. During the second half of prenatal life, dP2 and dI2 undergo abnormal development. Their dentin becomes fragmented, and these teeth are shed or resorbed without eruption during the perinatal period. Our study provides evidence of an intermediate phase in evolutionary tooth loss. These findings do not corroborate recent hypotheses of primate phylogeny based mainly on tooth eruption patterns. PMID- 6802732 TI - Failure of lactation to have a consistent effect on interbirth interval in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus. PMID- 6802733 TI - The comparative metabolism and toxic potency of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in primary cultures of adult-rat hepatocytes. AB - Both aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and a hydroxylated metabolite, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), were potent cytotoxins and genotoxins to primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. However, AFB1 stimulated the release of lactate dehydrogenase into the culture medium and the loss of viable cells from the monolayer at lower doses than did AFM1. The lowest toxic doses of AFB1 and AFM1 were 0.05-01 and 0.6 microgram/culture, respectively. Genotoxicity, determined by an assay for stimulation of DNA repair, was apparent at lower doses than was cytotoxicity. AFB1 was again more potent than AFM1, stimulating DNA repair at 0.025 microgram/culture, compared to the lowest genotoxic dose of AFM1 of 0.05 microgram/culture. At higher doses (1.2-2.4 microgram/culture) the responses due to both aflatoxins in the cytotoxicity and DNA-repair assays were approximately equal. The metabolism of a low dose (c. 0.17 microgram/culture) of [14C]AFB1 and [3H]AFM1 by cultured hepatocytes differed significantly. After 1 hr, 50% of the [14C]AFB1 remained unchanged in the culture medium, whereas about 18 hr were required for the same amount of [3H]AFM1 metabolism to occur [14C]AFB1 was metabolized to AFM1, to polar metabolites recovered in the aqueous phase after chloroform extraction, and to metabolites covalently bound to hepatocyte macromolecules. [3H]AFM1 was also metabolized to polar metabolites and to forms bound to macromolecules. The degree of covalent binding of the aflatoxins correlated with their cytotoxicity and genotoxicity at lower doses. After a 24-hr incubation, 12.5% of the dose of [14C]AFB1 was covalently bound to macromolecules compared to 1.5% of [3H]AFM1. Although AFM1 was less potent than AFB1 in cytotoxicity, DNA-repair and covalent-binding assays using primary cultures of hepatocytes, AFM1 was still active at relatively low doses and therefore is probably a potent hepatotoxin in vivo. PMID- 6802734 TI - The detection of Rh antigens (D,C,c,E,e) on bloodstains by a micro-elution technique using low ionic strength solution (LISS) and papain-treated red cells. AB - Ninety experimental bloodstains, were examined, with the intention of detecting the principal Rh antigens, by using a micro-elution method improved by the use of low ionic strength solution (LISS) and papain-treated red cells. This method makes it possible to employ most commercially produced sera in routine forensic haematology laboratory work. The antigens could regularly be detected in stains of the following ages: D, C and c in stains of at least 6 months, E in stains of at least 4 months, and e in stains of at least 2 months. PMID- 6802735 TI - [Bronchial asthma in children]. AB - Asthma is characterized by increased responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to various stimuli. A widespread narrowing of the airways is manifested as recurrent epidoses of wheezing. Asthma in infancy can be confused with different airway diseases which produce similar symptoms and changes. The patient's history, chest x-ray, measurement of specific IgE and repeated pulmonary function testing help to establish the right diagnosis. Nebulized sympathomimetic agents, theophylline and oxygen are used in the management of acute dyspnea; environmental control, dinatrium cromoglycicum, ketotifen, corticosteroids and hyposensitization prevent recurrent epidoses of wheezing. PMID- 6802736 TI - Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities in skeletal muscle from genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. AB - Glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase activities were determined in skeletal muscle from lean and genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. The activities of both forms of glycogen synthase and of glycogen phosphorylase in diabetic mice were found to be comparable to those activities observed in muscle tissue from lean animals. Enzyme activities in muscle from diabetic animals remained essentially unaltered throughout the 12-week period studied while glycogen content was consistently depressed, despite the presence of hyperglycemia, hyperglucagonemia and transient hyperinsulinemia. These findings suggest that an impairment in muscle glycogen synthase activation may exist in db/db mice in vivo and that skeletal muscle glycogen synthesis may be resistant to the action of insulin. PMID- 6802737 TI - Dissociation of LH and FSH Responses to LHRH during estrogen therapy of patients with ovarian failure. AB - This study examines the effect of oral estrogen treatment on gonadotropin secretion in three young women with gonadal failure. Each subject was treated with 0.1 mg BID of ethinyl estradiol for four weeks, and the LH and FSH responses to 200 microgram of intravenously administered LHRH were measured basally and weekly during therapy. Significant reduction of basal levels of FSH occurred within one week of treatment, with obliteration of LHRH-mediated FSH responsiveness within two weeks. By contrast, basal levels of LH were significantly reduced by the end of the second week of treatment, and LHRH mediated LH levels were sustained for three weeks. In one subject an LHRH test was performed every other day for two weeks after cessation of therapy. Return of FSH responsiveness was delayed one week beyond that of LH, which occurred within three days of discontinuation of estrogen. These results indicate that during the early phase of oral estrogen replacement therapy, FSH secretion may be selectively blunted; after discontinuation of treatment, recovery of FSH secretion lags behind recovery of LH. PMID- 6802738 TI - Primary hypogonadism and 13/15 chromosome translocation in Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome. AB - A 14-year-old male with Prader-Labhart-Willi syndrome (PLW) had hypogonadism, normal serum gonadotropin levels and 13/15 chromosome translocation. The 24-hour pattern of LH and FSH secretion was normal and comparable to that observed in males at the middle to late stage of puberty. LH rose during sleep and LRH infusion. Basal serum testosterone was low, in the 60-136 ng/dl range, and rose modestly during sleep, LRH and HCG. The 24-hour mean concentrations of androsterone, androsterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and prolactin were comparable with normal adolescent males. Biopsy of an undescended testis revealed poor morphology with disorganized spermatogenesis and normal Leydig and Sertoli cells. The 13/15 chromosome aberration was a balanced Robertsonian translocation occurring in his mother and in 5 of 6 siblings, although only the patient had PLW. These data indicate that hypogonadism in PLW is not necessarily hypothalamic-pituitary in origin and that D-chromosome translocations, or deletions per se are not sufficient to explain the etiology of PLW. PMID- 6802739 TI - Endocrine function in four anencephalic infants. AB - Endocrine studies of 4 anencephalic infants were carried out. No hypothalamic or hypophyseal structures could be found in any of them macroscopically, but we cannot say that there were no functioning pituitary cells which might have been seen microscopically. A combined LH-RH and TRH test was performed in the 6th h of life, followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test 1 h later. Our data suggest that: (1) adenohypophyseal tissue, present in anencephaly even in the absence of a hypothalamus, is able to synthesize PRL and TSH autonomously and, under specific stimulation, PRL, TSH, and ACTH can be released while FSH and LH HCG are not, hGH secretion is doubtful; (2) the circulating hGH and TSH surges that normally occur after delivery are hypothalamus-dependent and do not occur in anencephalics; (3) the thyroid and adrenals are able to synthesize hormones when specifically stimulated, even in the absence of the hypothalamus, and (4) beta pancreatic function is not markedly impaired in anencephaly. PMID- 6802740 TI - Improved in vitro bioassay of follitropin. AB - The FSH-dependent aromatase activity of Sertoli cell enriched cultures of testicular cells from immature rats was utilized as a sensitive and specific in vitro bioassay for FSH activity. The conversion of 19-hydroxyandrostenedione to estradiol was used as the end point of the assay. By the introduction of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor into the culture medium, the sensitivity was improved 5-10 times, so that 0.05 mIU of FSH showed a response significantly different from the blank. Other pituitary or placental hormones, such as hLH, hTSH and hCG exhibited less than 0.8% cross-reactivity, whereas hGH, hPRL, ACTH1-24, LH-RH, and prostaglandin E2 alpha did not show any cross-reaction at the doses tested. PMID- 6802741 TI - Triton WR-1339, a lysosomotropic compound, is excreted into bile and alters the biliary excretion of lysosomal enzymes and lipids. AB - In these experiments, we tested two hypothesis: first, that Triton WR-1339, a nonionic detergent which is sequestered in hepatocyte lysosomes, undergoes biliary excretion; and second, that Triton WR-1339, which also alters serum lipid levels and modifies hepatic catabolism of lipoproteins, affects the biliary output of proteins and lipids. When 3H-Triton WR-1339 was administered to rats, biochemical and morphologic studies showed that hepatocyte lysosomes sequestered Triton WR-1339: (i) the subcellular distribution of 3H was identical to that of lysosomal enzymes after liver fractionation by differential or isopycnic centrifugation, and (ii) lysosomes appeared engorged with Triton WR-1339 on electron microscopy. 3H was also excreted into bile in parallel to three lysosomal enzymes. Triton WR-1339 administration caused a coordinate increase in the biliary excretion of three lysosomal enzymes and also increased the biliary output of total protein, bile acids, and phospholipid. Triton WR-1339 administration did not affect bile flow or the biliary outputs of cholesterol, plasma membrane, and cytosolic enzymes, but did decrease biliary cholesterol saturation by 50%. These results demonstrate that an exogenous compound which is sequestered in hepatocyte lysosomes may be excreted directly into bile in parallel with endogenous lysosomal constituents. The data also show that such a lysosomotropic agent may also selectively modify the biliary excretion of proteins and lipids. The findings are consistent with the existence of a lysosome to-bile hepatic excretory pathway and suggest that hepatocyte lysosomes may be important in modulating biliary protein and lipid secretion. PMID- 6802743 TI - Lack of intensity of illness factor causes DRGs to predict inaccurate hospital costs. PMID- 6802744 TI - BCG-induced enhancement of endotoxin sensitivity in C3H/HeJ mice. II. T cell modulation of macrophage sensitivity to LPS in vitro. PMID- 6802742 TI - Ultrastructural and biochemical liver analyses in Fabry's disease. AB - Ultrastructural and biochemical analyses were made of liver biopsy material from a patient with longstanding Fabry's disease. Both hepatocytes as well as periportal macrophages showed lipid accumulations consisting of amorphous material as well as stacks of lamellar leaflets. Lipid inclusions in periportal macrophages were much larger than in hepatocytes. Furthermore, small round spheres were found exclusively in periportal macrophages. The biochemical analysis showed an increased content of ceramide -3, with only minor elevated concentrations of other glycosphingolipids. The almost normal hepatic architecture and the presence of well-preserved hepatocytic organelles are in agreement with the observation that liver involvement in Fabry's disease has only minor clinical significance. PMID- 6802745 TI - Bovine immune response to Theileria parva: neutralizing antibodies to sporozoites. AB - The role of antibodies in the neutralization of sporozoites of Theileria parva was investigated. It was found that serum obtained from cattle recovered from East Coast fever (ECF) and rabbits immunized with sporozoites was capable of neutralizing the parasites. The serum was then fractionated by gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography to identify which antibody class or subclass was responsible for the neutralization. In bovine hyperimmune serum the neutralizing capacity was in the fraction containing IgG2 immunoglobulins. In rabbit anti sporozoite serum the neutralizing capacity also resided in the IgG2 containing fraction. These results suggest that humoral antibodies may play a role in resistance to reinfection with T. parva. A mechanism for this acquired resistance is proposed based upon the recently established biological properties of bovine IgG2 immunoglobulins. PMID- 6802746 TI - Sheep, rabbit and chicken antisera against a human VH fragment: reactivity with immunoglobulins and lymphocytes. AB - Antisera against a human VH fragment obtained from an IgG3, VH II, kappa protein (KUP) were raised in rabbits, sheep and chicken. The three types of anti-VH antisera reacted equally well with both intact immunoglobulin molecules and isolated heavy chains. The antisera did not detect any free heavy chain specific antigens by sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests although they reacted with some antigens which were more or less hidden on intact immunoglobulin molecules but well expressed on isolated heavy chains. The antisera reacted with more than 90% of IgG, IgA and IgM present in normal pooled serum. Experiments with T cells from normal peripheral blood indicated that the sheep and rabbit anti-VH antisera reacted with a 70,000 mol.wt T-cell surface antigen. PMID- 6802747 TI - Relative expression of light-chain allotypic specificities on the surface of rabbit lymphocytes as a function of age. AB - Lymphoid cells of heterozygous Ab4/Ab9 rabbits of various ages were stained with fluorescent anti-allotype antibodies. In foetal and newborn rabbits, the percentage of Ab-positive cells in low; it increases with age, reaching the adult value when the animals are 100 days old. The rate of increase in the percentage of Ab4-positive cells is higher than in that of Ab9-positive cells. Thus, the Ab4/Ab9 ratio, which is initially 1, increases with age and reaches 2.2. in spleen and 4 in appendix of young adult animals. We conclude that the change in Ab4/Ab9 ratio is due to differential clonal expansion which we attribute to charge-related differences in the ability of Ab4 and Ab9 receptor-bearing cells to capture antigen when environmental antigens are encountered in postnatal life. PMID- 6802748 TI - Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by ultraviolet illumination of NADH generated by an immobilized antibody-gonococcal enzyme complex. AB - Frozen, cervical swabs were placed in a lysis buffer containing an immobilized antibody to the gonococcal enzyme, 1,2-propanediol oxidoreductase. The immobilized antibody--enzyme complex that formed was active after the addition of substrate (1,2-propanediol and NAD) and this activity could be detected by visual inspection of NADH fluorescence under ultraviolet illumination. PMID- 6802750 TI - The expression of antibody diversity in natural and laboratory-made polyploid individuals of the clawed toad Xenopus. AB - Antibody diversity, as measured by isoelectric focusing of dinitrophenol-specific antibodies, was compared in different polyploid species of the clawed toad Xenopus. Antibody heterogeneity increased with chromosome number and DNA content from Xenopus tropicalis (2n = 20 chromosome) to Xenopus ruwenzoriensis (2n = 108 chromosomes). Laboratory allopolyploids made by hybridization between two species showing different antibody diversities and different chromosome numbers gave antibody patterns intermediate between the two parents. On the other hand, autopolyploid individuals showed no increase in antibody diversity, showing that increased polyploidy alone cannot be responsible for increased heterogeneity. In contrast to the increase in antibody diversity following polyploidization, the number of expressed major histocompatibility complex alleles, as measured by a mixed lymphocyte reaction, did not increase. This locus appeared to be diploid or in the process of rediploidization in all the Xenopus species studied. Selection has thus operated differentially on the polyploid immunoglobulin and major histocompatibility loci. It apparently preserved the additional heterogeneity acquired for immunoglobulins favoring the expression of an expanded antibody repertoire in polyploid species. PMID- 6802749 TI - A new murine lymphocyte alloantigen, Ly-21.2, mapping to the seventh chromosome. AB - Using a monoclonal antibody raised by fusing spleen cells from A/J mice, immunized with B10.A splenocytes and lymph-node cells, with a BALB/c myeloma, we have described a new surface alloantigen, Ly-21.2, Ly-21.2 is present in varying amounts in all lymphoid tissues, is not detectable in the brain, kidney, lung or erythrocytes, and is found in only trace amounts in the liver. Strain distribution studies showed that Ly-21.2 is present in all strains examined, including B10, except the A strain and segregation analysis of (A/J x B10) F2 mice showed that Ly-21.2 expression (1) is encoded by one gene and (2) is linked to albinism on chromosome 7. Studies performed on mice developing T-cell leukemia showed that, regardless of the etiologic agent, Ly-21.2 expression increases dramatically in mice with overt leukemia. In addition, preliminary studies suggest that expression of Ly-21.2 is linked to increased susceptibility of mice to Friend-virus-induced erythroleukemia. PMID- 6802751 TI - Non-H-2 and H-2-linked immune response genes control the cytotoxic T-cell response to H-Y. AB - The immunoregulation of cytotoxic T-cell responses to the male-specific antigen H Y in mice has been found to be genetically controlled by genes of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2). Responsiveness was mainly confined to H-2b strains, but it has also been found in recombinant strains, F1 hybrids, and chimeras that carry at least part of the H-2b haplotype. By using a different immunization procedure it has been shown recently that an H-2k mouse strain (CBA) is also able to mount an equivalent H-Y-specific response. We investigate here, by applying this immunization technique, the responsiveness of other H-2k strains and of strains of other independent H-2 haplotypes. Both responders and nonresponders are found in three haplotypes: k, s, and d. The strain distribution pattern of responsiveness shows a combined influence of non-H-2 and H-2 genes. In certain strains there is a high variability in responsiveness between genetically identical individual animals. We discuss a model of immune response (Ir) gene function which could account for these observations. PMID- 6802752 TI - Interacting genetic factors controlling the antibody response against the H-2.2 specificity. AB - The antibody response against the H-2.2 specificity has been studied in three H 2d strains. B10.D2. DBA/2. and BALB/c. and their hybrids (B10.D2 x DBA/2)F1 and (B10.D2 x BALB/c)F1. The genetic control of the response appears to be complex: The three pure strains are responders, whereas both hybrids when immunized with C3H-HTG are nonresponders. Individual analysis of N3 offspring is compatible with the idea that, in this combination, an Ea-4 incompatibility between donor and immunized strain is necessary for the anti-H-2.2 response to occur. H-2d/H-2k hybrids (B10.BR x B10.D2)F1 or (B10.BR x DBA/2)F1 are responders when immunized with C57BL/10 (H-2b) but not with B10.A(2R) (H-2h), indicating that simultaneously recognized H-2 specificities are necessary for the anti-H-2.2 response. PMID- 6802753 TI - Rabbit heavy chain haplotypes--allotypic determinants expressed by VH-CH recombinants. AB - This report summarizes our current understanding of the heavy chain haplotypes found in our laboratories' rabbits. Independently derived data from several laboratories have been synthesizes into a consistent picture of the linked inheritance of allotypic markers found on the different heavy chain classes and subclasses of rabbit immunoglobulins in pedigreed rabbits, including the families of three apparent VH-CH recombinants. In one recombinant, the entire group of CH markers (C mu, C gamma, and C alpha) recombined with the set of VH. Although in the other two recombinants all CH markers may also have recombined as a group, in one of these only IgG and IgA CH genes were informative; in the other recombinant, only the IgG allotypes were informative. Some allotypic determinants found on IgM molecules ("conformational") appear only when a specific variable region allotype (VHa) is combined with a specific mu constant region allotype (C mu). New combinations of VHa and C mu allotypes were generated in two of the genetic recombinants and led to new "conformational" determinants. The gains and losses observed lend support to the hypothesis that the determinants result from conformations generated by the combination of allotype-specific VH and C mu protein sequences. Conceivably, DNA events that join VH to diversity (D)- and joining (J)-coding sequences or mRNA processing events that splice J to C mu could be involved in generating the sequences that form allotype-specific determinants. PMID- 6802755 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition test as an in vitro measure of cell mediated immune response after BCG in preschool children in relation to their nutritional status. PMID- 6802754 TI - Chromosome 1 locus required for induction of CTL to H-2-compatible cells in NZB mice. PMID- 6802756 TI - Isolation of Salmonella paratyphi B var odense in India. PMID- 6802757 TI - Identification of a new genetic site (sac-3+) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae that affects sensitivity to normal human serum. AB - A previously undescribed genetic site (sac-3) affecting susceptibility of the gonococcus to normal human serum was localized on the gonococcal chromosome. The presence of the sac-3+ allele in a clinical isolate (FA889) resulted in sensitivity only to relatively high concentrations of serum (greater than or equal to 12.5%). Genetic mapping experiments demonstrated that sac-3+ was tightly linked to another genetic site (sac-1+) involved in determining susceptibility to normal human serum and to a locus (nmp-3) involved in the replacement of outer membrane protein I. The sac-1+ and sac-3+ loci resulted in phenotypically distinct levels of sensitivity to human serum. The sac-3+ serum sensitivity and sac-1+ serum sensitivity loci recombined with high frequency, resulting in serum resistance. The results show that serum sensitivity in clinical isolates may be due to different serum sensitivity loci and suggest that different antigens and immunological mechanisms could be responsible for sensitivity of different gonococcal isolates to human serum. PMID- 6802758 TI - Differentiation between virulent and avirulent strains of Rickettsia prowazekii by macrophage-like cell lines. AB - The growth of avirulent (E) and virulent (Breinl) strains of Rickettsia prowazekii was compared in four mouse macrophage-like cell lines (RAW264.7, J774.1, P388D1, and PU5), one human macrophage-like cell line (U937-1), and the mouse fibroblast line L929. The E and Breinl strains grew equally well in L929 cells. However, all of the mouse macrophage-like cell lines clearly differentiated between the two strains by restricting the growth of the E strain relative to that of the Breinl strain. A nonuniform response to infection was sometimes observed in which E strain rickettsiae were cleared from the majority of the infected cells, but multiplied in some of the remaining infected cells. The human line U937-1 was not very effective at differentiating the E and Breinl strains. Addition of rabbit antirickettsial antiserum to the Breinl or E strains of R. prowazekii immediately before infection of L929 cells caused a marked decrease in the initial infection but had no effect on the subsequent growth of the rickettsiae in the L929 cells. In contrast, addition of antiserum to Breinl or E strain rickettsiae immediately before infection of macrophage-like cell lines caused either no change or an increase in the initial infection. Most of the rickettsiae that infected the mouse macrophage-like cell lines in the presence of antiserum were destroyed in these cell lines. Thus, when the infection took place in the presence of antiserum, the mouse macrophage-like cell lines no longer differentiated between the E and Breinl strains. These data indicate that mouse macrophage-like cell lines should be a useful model system for defining the differences between the E and Breinl strains of Rickettsia prowazekii, differences which should lead to an understanding of the biochemical basis of virulence in this organism. PMID- 6802759 TI - Bactericidal activity of human lactoferrin: differentiation from the stasis of iron deprivation. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated a direct iron-irreversible inhibition of a variety of microorganisms by human apolactoferrin. The present study compared the bactericidal effects of lactoferrin on Streptococcus mutans with the bacteriostatic effects of iron deprivation. Growth (as determined by change in optical density) and macromolecular synthesis, as determined by incorporation of (14)C-labeled uracil, thymidine, and lysine, were inhibited by incubation of washed exponential-phase S. mutans NCTC 10449 with purified human apolactoferrin. Similarly, apolactoferrin inhibited glucose uptake and metabolism. Iron-saturated lactoferrin had no effect on bacterial growth or metabolism and was capable of serving as a source of iron in iron-depleted medium. S. mutans failed to grow, and there was no indication of macromolecular synthesis in iron-depleted partially defined medium; however, glucose metabolism continued, though at a reduced rate, and viability was retained for 72 h. There was no detectable metabolism of glucose by cells maintained for 18 h in iron-free medium. Metabolism was restored by transfer of iron-depleted S. mutans to iron-complete medium. This was in contrast to the irreversible inhibition by lactoferrin after 1 h of incubation. Inhibition could not be reversed by removal of cell surface associated lactoferrin as detected by rhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled antilactoferrin. This inhibition of metabolism and rapid loss in viability observed with lactoferrin treatment suggest that lactoferrin has a direct bactericidal effect on S. mutans that cannot be attributed to simple iron deprivation. PMID- 6802760 TI - Evaluation of Streptococcus pneumoniae type XIV opsonins by phagocytosis associated chemiluminescence and a bactericidal assay. AB - The relative roles of serum factors required for opsonization of type XIV Streptococcus pneumoniae were investigated by means of luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL), bactericidal, and immunofluorescence assays employing adult sera containing high (>1,000 ng of antibody nitrogen per ml) or low (<200 ng of antibody nitrogen per ml) antibody concentrations as determined by radioimmunoassay. Specific antibody concentration correlated directly with both total and heat-labile CL activity (P < 0.005) and with the bactericidal index (P < 0.05) at a serum concentration of 10%. The importance of specific antibody as an opsonin was confirmed by the abolition of CL activity and immunoglobulin immunofluorescence observed after absorption of heated sera with type XIV pneumococcal cells and by the dose response in CL and bactericidal activity observed with the addition of immunoglobulin G to hypogammaglobulinemic serum. A role for the classical complement pathway in opsonization was indicated by significantly greater CL integrals for high-antibody sera than for low-antibody sera depleted of factor D and by the bactericidal activity noted for untreated, but not magnesium ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid chelated low-antibody sera. The alternative pathway contributed more than half of the CL activity of both high- and low-antibody sera. However, after magnesium ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid chelation, only sera with high antibody concentrations or agammaglobulinemic serum reconstituted with immunoglobulin G with high specific antibody levels supported significant bactericidal activity. Therefore, type-specific antibody and complement promote opsonization of type XIV S. pneumoniae, and this may occur via either complement pathway. These results suggest that CL is a suitable tool to delineate serum factors and their contribution to opsonization, but results must be related to other functional assays. PMID- 6802761 TI - Identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins associated with hemadsorption and virulence. AB - Twenty-two mutants of Mycoplasma pneumoniae spontaneously deficient in hemadsorption were isolated. Examination of mutant protein profiles by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis permitted the grouping of these mutants into four classes. The largest class of mutants was deficient in four high-molecular-weight proteins (215,000, 210,000, 190,000, and 140,000). A second class of mutants lacked three proteins previously designated A, B, and C (72,000, 85,000, and 37,000, respectively). A single mutant, in addition to lacking proteins A, B, and C, was missing a fourth protein of 165,000 molecular weight. The remaining mutants exhibited protein profiles apparently identical to that of the wild-type strain. All mutant strains attached to the respiratory epithelium of hamster tracheal rings in vitro at reduced levels; however, mutants lacking proteins A, B, and C recognized only neuraminidase-insensitive receptors. None of the mutants tested produced detectable pneumonia in intranasally inoculated hamsters, although one mutant class demonstrated low-level survival in vivo. PMID- 6802762 TI - Gonococci with mutations to low-level penicillin resistance exhibit increased sensitivity to the oxygen-independent bactericidal activity of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule extracts. AB - Gonococci which cause disseminated gonococcal infection are nearly always highly penicillin sensitive, in contrast to many isolates causing uncomplicated gonorrhea. We questioned whether any of the known chromosomal mutations to low level penicillin resistance might adversely affect virulence. The penA2 locus is known to result in low-level resistance to penicillins, whereas mtr-2 results in nonspecific resistance to a variety of antimicrobial agents. We found that the penA2 and mtr-2 mutations each markedly increased sensitivity of strain FA19 to oxygen-independent killing by human polymorphonuclear leukocyte mixed or isolated azurophilic granule extracts. The penA2 and mtr-2 mutations had no effect on sensitivity to serum antibody and complement. Isogenic opaque or transparent variants of several strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were equally resistant to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte mixed granule extract bactericidal systems. There were also no differences in susceptibility of piliated type 1 and nonpiliated type 4 variants to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte mixed granule extracts. Since the penA2 and mtr-2 loci are known to increase the degree of cross-linking of cell wall peptidoglycan, the structure of peptidoglycan apparently affects sensitivity to killing by one or more polymorphonuclear leukocyte azurophilic granule extract bactericidal systems. These observations might explain why gonococci with mutations similar to penA2 and mtr-2 are almost never isolated from patients with disseminated gonococcal infection. PMID- 6802763 TI - Attachment of Mycoplasma pneumoniae to hamster tracheal organ cultures, tracheal outgrowth monolayers, human erythrocytes, and WiDr human tissue culture cells. AB - Virulent strains of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, PI-1428 and M129, were radiolabeled wtih [3H]palmitic acid or [3H]thymidine and examined for attachment to hamster tracheal organ cultures, tracheal outgrowth monolayers, human O-positive erythrocytes, and human WiDr carcinoma cell cultures. Although attachment to each cell substrate was readily detected, the WiDr cell culture monolayers provided the most satisfactory substrate for quantitating mycoplasma attachment. Serious technical limitations were encountered with each of the other substrates that we examined; these limitations interfered with reproducibility or sensitivity and rendered tracheal organ cultures and erythrocyte suspensions unsuitable for routine attachment and attachment inhibition assays. Moreover, the WiDr cell monolayer was the most sensitive substrate for determining attachment inhibition activity in protein-containing extracts prepared from M. pneumoniae. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6802765 TI - Changing epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis in Greece. AB - We have studied the epidemiological characteristics of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in adult patients admitted to the Infectious Diseases Hospital of Athens in 1980. Commercially available radioimmunoassays were used for the detection of the hepatitis B surface antigen, its antibody, the antibody to the core of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the IgG and IgM antibody to the hepatitis A virus (HAV). HBV was responsible for 59.9%, HAV for 20.4% and hepatitis non-A, non-B virus for the remaining 19.7% of the cases studied. The results show that the relative frequency of AVH type B has declined considerably in the last four years (from 80.6% to 59.9%). In contrast, AVH type A (from 10.8% to 20.4%) and non-A, non-B (from 8.6% to 19.7%) have increased substantially. The incidence of AVH type A declined rapidly with age; the incidence of type B was higher in the 20-29 year-old group, while non-A, non-B continued to occur in older people. Seasonal variation was not observed, except for a slight increase during the winter months. These changes in the epidemiological characteristics of AVH can be attributed to the improvements in socioeconomic, sanitary and hygienic conditions, as well as to the obligatory screening of blood donors for HBsAg and the increased awareness of medical and paramedical personnel regarding the risk of transmitting the disease iatrogenically. PMID- 6802764 TI - Outer membrane proteins of Brucella abortus: isolation and characterization. AB - Outer membrane proteins were derived from one rough and four smooth strains of Brucella abortus by sequential extraction of physically disrupted cells with N lauroylsarcosinate and dipolar ionic detergent. Extraction of outer membrane proteins was ineffective, however, without predigestion with lysozyme. Three groups of proteins were present and could be separated in their native state by sequential anion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Membrane proteins contained substantial quantities of tightly adherent lipopolysaccharide which could be reduced but not eliminated by extraction of cells with trichloroacetic acid before disruption. Group 2 proteins, apparently trimers in their native state, gave rise to 43,000- and 41,000-molecular-weight bands after complete denaturation in sodium dodecyl sulfate. They were antigenically identical among all the strains, showed close resemblance in amino acid composition to each other and a general similarity to OmpF of Escherichia coli, and are proposed to be the porins of B. abortus. Group 3 proteins occurred as 30,000-molecular-weight bands on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, although additional bands were frequently observed in this region. In none of the strains did group 3 proteins manifest heat-modifiable characteristics. Proteins of different strains bore a high degree of similarity to each other in amino acid composition, except in methionine, isoleucine, tyrosine, and histidine. Differences occurred consistently in amino acid composition between group 2 and 3 proteins, and some of these correspond to differences between OmpF and OmpA. Group 2 and 3 proteins were antigenically distinct from each other, but the principal group 3 antigens were shared among all the strains. Despite the lack of heat modifiability, perhaps influenced by adherent lipopolysaccharide, group 3 proteins are proposed as counterparts to OmpA. Most of the group 1 proteins, minor components, were physically associated with those of group 3 unless in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Group 1 proteins produced a major band at 94,000 and exhibited heat modifiability. No evidence was found of a low-molecular-weight lipoprotein in the outer membrane of B. abortus, but this is not taken to exclude its occurrence. PMID- 6802766 TI - The screening of four aminoglycosides in the selective decontamination of the digestive tract in mice. AB - The suppressive effect of amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and paromomycin on the aerobic endogenous flora and on the colonization resistance of the digestive tract was tested by administering one of the antibiotics orally at five different dose levels. At a certain dose level, all antibiotics suppressed the endogenous Enterobacteriaceae species. Amikacin was particularly effective in this respect. Low doses of amikacin rapidly destroyed the colonization resistance. This resistance only remained unaffected in animals treated with tobramycin in doses that were still adequate to completely suppress the endogenous Enterobacteriaceae species. We concluded that of all the antibiotics tested in this study, only tobramycin may have a future in (clinical) application for the selective decontamination of the digestive tract. Selective decontamination can be considered an effective method for infection prevention in leukopenic patients. PMID- 6802767 TI - Body burden of polychlorinated biphenyls among persons employed in capacitor manufacturing. AB - In an effort to assess exposure among workers engaged in capacitors manufacture, PCB concentration was determined in plasma (290) and adipose tissue (61). In general, males had higher concentrations of PCBs than females. The correlation of plasma concentration (1-546 ppb) of the more highly chlorinated PCBs, which had been used in past, with total duration of employment suggested accumulation over time. The gc-ec pattern of these PCB peaks was, in most cases, characteristic of exposure to a PCB mixture with 54% chlorine. The less highly chlorinated PCBs, di , tri-, and tetrachlorobiphenyls, were the source of current exposure, and were observed in concentrations of 6-2530 ppb in plasma. Higher exposure occurred among persons with direct contact with PCBs in jobs such as capacitor filling. Adipose tissue concentrations, for both the more highly chlorinated PCBs (1-165 ppm) and lower chlorinated PCBs (0.6-414 ppm), were proportional to those in plasma. PMID- 6802768 TI - Immune response to Trichomonas vaginalis. I. Genetic regulation of IgE antibody response to T. vaginalis in mice. AB - The antigenicity of Trichomonas vaginalis to elicit IgE antibody was examined in mice. The soluble antigen was prepared by sonication of in vitro cultured T. vaginalis lines. BALB/c mice were immunized by various doses of the antigen with alum followed by a booster injection on day 14 after primary injection of the protozoan antigen. The highest IgE antibody titer was found in mice immunized with 30 micrograms of the antigen. The IgE antibody response to Trichomonas antigen is regulated by at least two immune response genes: one localized in the I region (K to I-B subregions) of chromosome 17, the other in a not yet identified chromosome. PMID- 6802769 TI - The role of sperm-bound hyaluronidase in the dispersal of the cumulus oophorus surrounding rat ova. AB - Only a very small portion (4-7%) of the hyaluronidase of rat sperm obtained from the caput or cauda epididymis was related during incubation in capacitation medium for up to 24 h at 37 degree C. A portion of the cell-associated hyaluronidase was accessible to external substrates, allowing sperm suspensions to lyse glycosaminoglycans of cumulus clots rapidly, even without capacitation. This process appears to represent the employment of an enzyme bound to the sperm cell, analogous to the use of solid-phase enzymes in current enzyme technology. PMID- 6802770 TI - An assessment of inhibin-like activity secreted by Sertoli cells in culture using castrated adult male rats. AB - Sertoli cells isolated from testes of 16-18 days old male rats were maintained in culture. Incubation media from these culture were pooled on day 7 and tested for its inhibin-like activity either with (SCCM) or after charcoal treatment (CSCCM) in castrated adult male rats. The assay was based on the tacit assumption that SCCM or CSCCM would specifically lower circulating blood serum levels of FSH. Subcutaneous (sc)injections of CSCCM at a dose level of 1 mg protein per rat, per day, x 3 days caused a specific suppression of FSH levels, while lower dosages of CSCCM (Protein content of 300 micrograms or 600 micrograms/rat/day, x 3 days) were without any affect on basal levels of FSH and LH. SCCM was ineffective at all dose levels tested. Intracardiac injections of varying doses of LHRH (25 to 400 ng/rat) to CSCCM pre-treated rats (200 micrograms/rat/day, x 3 days) failed to increase the levels of LH and FSH. These results support the presence of inhibin like activity in SCCM by a bioassay procedure alternate to in vitro pituitary cell culture system used by other investigators. PMID- 6802771 TI - Modulatory role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The role of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in renal failure, was studied in 5 patients with chronic renal failure who were on maintenance dialysis. Di-n-propylacetic acid (valproic acid-VA), a GABA-transaminase inhibitor which has been shown to increase brain GABA levels, was used in the study. VA produced no significant change in the basal serum LH and FSH concentrations, or in E2 or T concentrations in the renal failure patients, or the E2 and P concentrations in normal controls, but augmented the delta LH (maximum increment above baseline) and delta FSH response to LH-RH. delta LH rose from 30.4 +/- 12.7 mIU/ml (mean +/- SD) to 41.1 +/- 16.8 mIU/ml (p less than 0.01) after VA, while delta FSH rose from 2.8 +/- 1.8 mIU/ml to 3.8 +/- 1.6 mIU/ml (p less than 0.05). The findings support a modulatory role for GABA in gonadotropin secretion in chronic renal failure. PMID- 6802772 TI - Results of valve replacement surgery with mechanical prostheses. AB - The clinical study is reported of the results of heart valve replacement surgery with a new pyrolytic carbon tilting disc prosthesis manufactured in Italy. From March 1977 to January 1981, at the "De Gasperis" Cardiosurgery Center, this prosthesis has been implanted in 644 patients: 283 for mitral valve replacement, 240 for aortic valve replacement, and 121 for the replacement of both mitral and aortic valves. To have a sufficiently long period of post-surgery follow-up, we considered the results of 207 patients (124 cases of isolated mitral valve replacement and 83 cases of isolated aortic valve replacement), who underwent surgery consecutively from March 1977 to December 1979. The hospital mortality was 10.5% for mitral valve replacement and 4.8% for aortic valve replacement. All patients who were discharged from hospital, except 2, were subjected to clinical, electrocardiographic, phonocardiographic, echocardiographic and radiological checks. The average follow-up period was approximately 20 months: clinical results were satisfactory. The probability of survival, expressed by actuarial curve, was, three years after surgery, 94% for patients who underwent mitral valve replacement and 97.5% for those who underwent aortic valve replacement. The probability of embolism was, three years after surgery, 8.5% for patients with mitral replaced and 5% for aortic. Even if further confirmations are needed the mortality rate and the probability of embolism related to this new prosthesis, are lower, over the same period of follow-up, than that found in the groups of patients who underwent valve replacement surgery, at the same Center, with Starr Edwards and Bjork-Shiley prostheses. The phonocardiographic and echocardiographic characteristics of this new prosthesis were also investigated. PMID- 6802773 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: isolation from ocular tissues. Aeruginocin typing and its relationship to corneal pathogenicity in rabbits. AB - Fifty strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from human eyes were aeruginocin typed by the method of Shriniwas (1974) using ten indicator strains. These belonged to types A1 (3), B (2), F1 (1) and 14 (1). Fifteen (30%) were nontypable and 28 (56.0%) were unclassifiable presenting twenty inhibition patterns. The strains showed a wide range of antibiotic sensitivities. The highest number of insensitive strains were those obtained from corneal ulcers. Experimental keratitis produced by strains of pseudomonas was either mild, moderate or severe and was unrelated to their source. Mild keratitis was produced by types UC 7-, UC 79- and 14 isolated from pre-operative, corneal ulcer and post-operative patients. Lesions of moderate severity were produced by types 189+ & A1 whereas the severest pathology was produced by UC 23478-, B and UC 810- types. The fact that strain 23478- always produced severest pathology irrespective of whether originated from group I, II, or IV strongly suggests relationship of pathogenicity with aeruginocin type. PMID- 6802775 TI - Turku sugar studies XXIII. Comparison of metabolic tolerance in human volunteers to high oral doses of xylitol and sucrose after long-term regular consumption of xylitol. PMID- 6802774 TI - Cell concentration effects on the sensitivity of irradiated B. megaterium spores. PMID- 6802776 TI - The tolerance of increasing amounts of dietary xylitol in children. PMID- 6802777 TI - Metabolic tolerance to high doses of oral xylitol in human volunteers not previously adapted to xylitol. AB - In a clinical study 12 healthy volunteers consumed a standardized basal diet consecutively supplemented with either sucrose (6 days, 80-100 g/day) or xylitol (18 days, 40-100 g/day). Pre- and post-periods with normal diet were also included in the study. With the exception of a few cases of diarrhoea at the start of the xylitol administration no other clinical signs indicated treatment related side-effects. Whereas during the xylitol period plasma cholesterol values tended to be decreased, triglyceride levels remained unaffected. Other parameters (such as urinary calcium and oxalate as well as plasma uric acid) which have been suggested to be influenced by carbohydrate consumption were in fact not altered by the dietary regimen of the present study. A variety of other serum and urinary parameters revealed also no between-treatment differences. It may be concluded from these data under the present experimental conditions that subchronic consumption of considerable doses of sucrose and xylitol respectively reveals no relevant changes of a variety of clinical parameters which would indicate any kind of metabolic intolerance to these sweetening substances. PMID- 6802778 TI - Turku sugar studies XXII. A re-examination of the subjects. PMID- 6802779 TI - Phenobarbital prophylaxis of post traumatic epilepsy. AB - Phenobarbital (PB) was tested for its efficacy in averting post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in patients with non-missile head injuries. The protocol envisaged the administration of PB throughout a period of two years in randomly assigned doses ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 and from 1.6 to 2.5 mg/kg/day. The study included neurologic examination, EEG and plasma PB levels. Ninety patients, 83 of whom with serious head injury followed the prescribed treatment for the entire period. Two adult patients manifested seizures 5 and 10 months after the trauma. They were being treated with doses over 1.5 mg/kg/day. Another patient had a seizure six months after the end of the prophylaxis. Low doses of PB and monitoring permitted a reduction of side effects. The low incidence of PTE indicates that PB has an efficient prophylactic effect. The results also show that a low dosage has a favourable effect. PMID- 6802780 TI - Some clinical pharmacological aspects of n-dipropylacetamide. AB - The kinetics of the primary amide of valproic acid (VPA), i.e. dipropylacetamide, rapidly transformed into the corresponding acid in humans, are investigated and compared with valproate kinetics. In a group of healthy volunteers peak VPA concentration was reached within 5-14 hours of dipropylacetamide and within 1-2 hours of valproate administration. The plasma half-life appeared to be 8-12 hours for both compounds without significant differences. The relative bioavailability of the amide was 81.2% of valproate on average. In epileptics no correlation between plasma VPA levels and daily valproate or amide dose was observed; daily plasma valproic acid level fluctuations were significantly less wide during dipropylacetamide therapy. This compound seems to offer some advantages over sodium valproate, namely: slower absorption, stabler plasma levels through the day, 2 instead of 3 or 4 daily doses and hence less risk of drug defaulting. PMID- 6802781 TI - Model for simulating cyclic variations in focal epileptogenic excitability. AB - During 0.2 to 1.0 Hz stimulation of an epileptogenic focus, the phenomenon of cyclic spike driving (CSD) occurs, wherein 20- to 40-sec active periods, in which each stimulus triggers an all-or-none interictal event (IE), alternate with quiet periods of similar duration, in which IE are not triggered. CSD was simulated by a model in which individual IE are followed by biphasic response functions which sum linearly to produce long-term oscillations of epileptogenic excitability relative to the IE triggering threshold. The model successfully simulates all of the major characteristics of experimentally induced CSD, including the effects of manipulating stimulus parameters. Results of the simulation provide clues as to the time course of mechanisms which control epileptogenic triggerability. PMID- 6802782 TI - Evaluation of personal health services as a basis for health planning. A review with applications for Israel. AB - Health care systems throughout the world are being scrutinized because of their growing cost in relations to national wealth. At the same time, techniques for evaluating health care with respect to appropriateness, quality and resource allocation are being developed. These techniques are multifactorial since they must relate to all aspects of health care including: characteristics of the population being served; available health care resources; measures of the process and utilization of care; measures of health care outcomes; peer review, including quality assessment of health care providers; consumer attitudes, knowledge, and compliance; care provided for "tracer" or sample conditions; and economic cost benefit studies. Evaluation in health care assumes that a health care system and the providers of health care within that system are responsible and accountable for the health status of the population. It must, however, recognize that health services are not the sole determinants of health status; social, economic and cultural factors also play key roles. A comprehensive approach to evaluation in health care is outlined in this review. Many of the components that are available in the Israeli health care system are described; others that remain to be developed are discussed. Evaluation is an integral part of a comprehensive health care system; the components of evaluation must be built into any national system. As long as rationality is expected of health care, evaluation is an essential element of the overall system. PMID- 6802783 TI - Recent advances in radiation therapy of head and neck cancer. AB - The major advances in radiation oncology in this century was the development of megavoltage radiation in the 1950s, which greatly expanded the clinical utility of ionizing radiation in the treatment of many forms of cancer, including cancers of the head and neck. The combination of radiation and surgery for improved control of local and regional cancers followed. The use of interstitial implant therapy is growing rapidly because of new materials and techniques, thus expanding the radiotherapeutic options available to the oncologist. Investigations into several other therapeutic modalities currently are being carried out. These modalities include the use of particle radiation, oxygen mimicking drugs, and hyperthermia, primarily in efforts to overcome the need for the oxygen effect in tumors. New uses of chemotherapy in combination with radiation also are being explored. Details of these activities within the field of radiation oncology are discussed. PMID- 6802784 TI - Traction diverticulum: a complication of cervical esophagostomy. PMID- 6802786 TI - Hospital use of expressed breast milk. PMID- 6802785 TI - [Predisposed connections of chronic oropharyngitis and chronic otitis media respectively the endocrinium of menopause (author's transl)]. AB - Eventual predisposed clinical connections of chronic oropharyngitis and otitis media chronica respectively of serum levels of menopausal hormones are examined by clinical-statistic methods or laboratory diagnostics (ratio-immunoessay). Statistic means point out that 71% of all patients suffering from chronic otitis media show symptoms of chronic oropharyngitis too. The question of connection naturally cannot be cleared up as a demonstration, but nevertheless predisposition seems to be probable. Hormonal influence in female during menopause seems not to be predisposing in pathogenesis of oropharyngitis seen very often in this age. This is shown by normal serum levels of oestradiol, FSH and LH in 30 women with chronic oropharyngitis. PMID- 6802788 TI - Arterial CO2 response to low levels of inspired CO2 in awake beagle dogs. AB - We have previously shown, using a repeated-measures experimental design, that 1% inspired CO2 with a partial pressure of 7 Torr at sea level results in an increased end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) in awake beagle dogs (22), suggesting hypercapnia rather than the isocapnia found by some investigators in human and nonhuman subjects. Because PETCO2 may, not equal arterial PCO2 (PaCO2), we examined the steady-state PaCO2 during air and 1% CO2 inhalation periods in three awake beagle dogs having exteriorized carotid arterial loops and an intact airway, and breathing through a low dead-space respiratory mask. Six low-level CO2 inhalation experiments were performed in three dogs with two experimental sequences in each dog on separate days. An experimental session consisted of alternating control and CO2 inhalation states for up to 10 low-CO2 and 11 control conditions, resulting in a total of 75 control and 57 low-level CO2 inhalation observations. Ten minutes were allowed to reach steady state in each condition. Blood samples (1.5 ml) drawn anaerobically over a 0.5-min time period from an indwelling arterial catheter were immediately analyzed with a radiometer blood gas system. The 1% inhaled CO2 produced a significant increase of 0.88 Torr in the steady-state PaCO2, compared with bracketing controls (t = 5.82, P less than 0.05, df = 2). We conclude that 1% inhaled CO2 results in hypercapnia detectable by a repeated-measures experimental design. PMID- 6802787 TI - Determinants and consequences of ventilatory responses to competitive endurance running. AB - Pulmonary ventilation and pattern, arterial blood gases, and [H+] were studied in 15 highly trained runners [maximum O2 consumption (VO2 max) 53--82 ml . kg-1 . min-1] during road racing (24 km, n = 5) and 60--70 min of treadmill running (70- 75% VO2 max, n = 13). The predominant response throughout prolonged treadmill running and especially road running was a tachypneic, respiratory alkalosis (-5 to -12 Torr PaCO2) that was evident early in the exercise. Time-dependent increases in breathing frequency (10--40%, 6--60 min work), expired ventilation, and dead space ventilation were common in prolonged work; these were especially evident in two subjects even as VO2 fell during road racing under hot humid conditions. The tachypneic hyperventilation was 1) most often accompanied by alkaline [H+]a, 2) associated with time-dependent elevation in rectal temperature (1--1.5 degrees C) and circulating norepinephrine (5--20 x rest), 3) quickly alleviated via hyperoxia after 60--70 min of exercise, and 4) was shown to result from increased running velocity in separate experiments that compared walking vs. running at similar CO2 excretion and [HCO-3]a. In highly trained runners competing under favorable environmental conditions and optional pace selection, we view the net effects of the hyperventilatory response to be truly advantageous, whereby the benefits to pulmonary gas exchange and [H+] regulation outweigh the expense of some inefficiency in ventilatory work and pattern and a departure from steady-state homeostasis. PMID- 6802789 TI - Instrumentation simultaneously measuring VCO2 and VO2 in humans using titration methods. AB - An instrument has been developed for the simultaneous measurement of carbon dioxide excretion (VCO2) and oxygen uptake (VO2). This instrument, the Nutrimeter, gives these breath-averaged measurements continuously without having to determine respiratory flow rate, perform timed spirometric gas collections, or determine absolute CO2 or O2 concentrations. It can be used on ventilated or nonventilated patients in long- and short-term studies. VO2 is determined via the replenishment technique. VCO2 is determined via a new technique, absorption titration, described here. Bench test results of VCO2 measurements show a standard error of the estimate (SEE) +/- 0.591% of full scale (500 ml/min) and maximum single point error (MSPE) of +/- 3.54% over a 100--350 ml/min range. VO2 measurements show SEE +/- 0.518% of full scale (1,000 ml/min) and MSPE +/- 2.42% over a 100--450 ml/min range. In 31 human clinical trials the Nutrimeter was compared with the open-circuit spirometric collection and micro-Scholander analysis technique. VCO2 measurements show SEE +/- 2.208% and MSPE +/- 10.57% over 135--315 ml/min. VO2 measurements show SEE +/- 1.134% of full scale and MSPE +/- 9.54% over 170--360 ml/min. Response time is 60 s optimally for step changes in VO2 (0--90% of steady-state value), 90 s for VCO2. PMID- 6802790 TI - 2-Hydroxysagamicin: a new antibiotic produced by mutational biosynthesis of Micromonospora sagamiensis. PMID- 6802791 TI - Injury and recovery of Bacillus megaterium from mild chlorhexidine treatment. PMID- 6802792 TI - The inhibition of vegetative cell outgrowth and division from spores of Bacillus cereus T by hen egg albumen. PMID- 6802793 TI - The isolation of a fungal metabolite which exhibits antimicrobial synergy with sterigmatocystin. PMID- 6802794 TI - Macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin and tetracycline transferable resistance in the Bacteroides fragilis group. PMID- 6802795 TI - Common evolutionary origin of chromosomal beta-lactamase genes in enterobacteria. AB - A 32P-labeled fragment of DNA, encoding the major part of the chromosomal ampC beta-lactamase gene of Escherichia coli K-12, was used as a hybridization probe for homologous DNA sequences in colonies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and different enterobacterial species. The ampC probe detected the presence of homologous DNA sequences in clinical isolates of E. coli, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens, and P. aeruginosa. No hybridization was found with N. gonorrhoeae colonies. In Southern blotting experiments the ampC probe hybridized to chromosomal DNA fragments of the same size in all enterobacterial species tested. However, the degree of hybridization differed with DNA from different species. DNA from the Shigella species strongly hybridized to the ampC probe. Furthermore, antibodies raised against purified E. coli K-12 ampC beta-lactamase precipitated beta-lactamases from the Shigella species, suggesting extensive sequence similarities between the ampC genes of these genera. The production of chromosomal beta-lactamase in S. sonnei increased with increasing growth rate similar to E. coli K-12. This growth rate response was abolished in two beta lactamase-hyperproducing S. sonnei mutants, which thus seem similar to E. coli K 12 attenuator mutants. We propose that both the structure and regulation of the chromosomal beta-lactamase genes are very similar in E. coli and in S. sonnei. PMID- 6802796 TI - Photometric immersion refractometry of bacterial spores. AB - Photometric immersion refractometry was used to determine the average apparent refractive index (n) of five types of dormant Bacillus spores representing a 600 fold range in moist-heat resistance determined as a D100 value. The n of a spore type increased as the molecular size of various immersion solutes decreased. For comparison of the spore types, the n of the entire spore and of the isolated integument was determined by use of bovine serum albumin, which is excluded from permeating into them. The n of the sporoplast (the structures bounded by the outer pericortex membrane) was determined by use of glucose, which was shown to permeate into the spore only as deeply as the pericortex membrane. Among the various spore types, an exponential increase in the heat resistance correlated with the n of the entire spore and of the sporoplast, but not of the isolated perisporoplast integument. Correlation of the n with the solids content of the entire spore provided a method of experimentally obtaining the refractive index increment (dn/dc), which was constant for the various spore types and enables the calculation of solids and water content from an n. Altogether, the results showed that the total water content is distributed unequally within the dormant spore, with less water in the sporoplast than in the perisporoplast integument, and that the sporoplast becomes more refractile and therefore more dehydrated as the heat resistance becomes greater among the various spore types. PMID- 6802797 TI - Xylitol-mediated transient inhibition of ribitol utilization by Lactobacillus casei. AB - The growth of Lactobacillus casei strain Cl-16 at the expense or ribitol was inhibited if the non-metabolizable substrate xylitol was included in the medium at concentrations of 6 mM or greater. At these concentrations, xylitol, did not competitively inhibit ribitol transport. The cessation of growth was caused by the intracellular accumulation of xylitol-5-phosphate, which occurred because growth on ribitol had gratuitously induced a functional xylitol-specific phosphotransferase system but not the enzymes necessary for the further metabolism of xylitol-5-phosphate. Eventually, the cells overcame the xylitol mediated inhibition by repressing the synthesis of enzyme II of the xylitol phosphotransferase system so that xylitol-5-phosphate would no longer be accumulated within the cell. PMID- 6802798 TI - Regulation of the Escherichia coli K-12 uvrB operon. AB - The UV light inducibility of the uvrB operon of Escherichia coli K-12 was previously demonstrated by exploiting a strain in which the gene for the enzyme beta-galactosidase was inserted into the uvrB operon. This insert is now shown to be located within the structural gene for the uvrB enzyme, leaving the regulatory sequences of the operon intact. Analyses to quantitate the induction of this system show that derepression of the operon is first detectable 5 min after UV exposure, with the rate of synthesis increasing to four to six times the uninduced rate during the subsequent 30 min. Induction is unaffected by mutations in other components of nucleotide excision repair. The control of uvrB was found to result from direct repression by the lexA gene product, with the recA gene product playing an indirect role. Nucleotide excision repair thus seems to be part of the SOS response. PMID- 6802799 TI - L-serine degradation in Escherichia coli K-12: directly isolated ssd mutants and their intragenic revertants. AB - Two methods for the direct isolation of spontaneous ssd mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 strains are described; (i) by growth with L-serine as the carbon source, and (ii) by low-level kanamycin resistance. A newly isolated mutant had the same phenotype as the mutant described previously, including inefficient use of the glucose, inability to growth with succinate, altered transport characteristics, and altered resistance to certain growth effectors. Succinate utilizing derivatives which appear to be intragenic are characterized in detail. The relation between the mutants isolated here and mutants which are thought to have impairment in a system of coupling respiratory energy to active transport (ecfB mutants) is discussed. PMID- 6802800 TI - Characterization of two tetracycline resistance determinants in Streptococcus faecalis JH1. AB - Streptococcus faecalis strain JH1 harbors two conjugative plasmids: pJH1, an R plasmid mediating resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, and pJH2, a hemolysin-bacteriocin plasmid. Studies of plasmid-cured derivatives of strain JH1 and of transconjugates obtained after mixed incubation of JH1 with the plasmid-free S. faecalis strain JH2-2 revealed the presence of two tetracycline resistance determinants in strain JH1. One determinant mediated constitutive resistance to 40 micrograms of tetracycline per ml and was associated with plasmid pJH1. The second determinant, either on the chromosome of strain JH1 or on an undetectable plasmid, was inducible by tetracycline and enabled the host strain, in the absence of pJH1, to grow in the presence of 80 micrograms of tetracycline per ml. One transconjugant, strain DL172, was resistant to 80 micrograms of tetracycline per ml, sensitive to kanamycin, streptomycin, and erythromycin, and hemolytic in the presence, but not in the absence, of tetracycline. A single plasmid, pDL172, from this strain consisted of plasmid pJH2 and a 17.8-kilobase segment of DNA homologous to total cell DNA from strain JH1 but did not contain plasmid pJH1. Whether the addition of heterologous DNA to plasmid pJH2 occurred by translocation of a 17.8-kilobase tetracycline resistance transposon or by classical recombination with pJH2 has not been determined. PMID- 6802801 TI - Conformation and segregation of nucleoids accompanying cell length extension after completion of a single round of DNA replication in germinated and outgrowing Bacillus subtilis spores. AB - When germinating spores of the temperature-sensitive DNA initiation mutant of Bacillus subtilis TsB134 are shifted to the restrictive temperature at a time such that just one or two rounds of replication are accomplished, the completed, nonreplicating nucleoids that form eventually adopt a doublet conformation. This conformation has now been observed after fixation by glutaraldehyde or osmium tetroxide, as well as by Formalin as found previously. The doublet was observed in media of different degrees of richness and under both light and electron microscopes. Electron micrographs of serial sections through the doublet were consistent with its formation by the gradual pulling apart of a single mass of DNA into two lobes. A systematic study was made of the effect of the time of shifting from the permissive to the restrictive temperature and of the restrictive temperature used on the number of nucleoids segregating within the outgrowing rod. It was established that the doublet nucleoid behaved as a single unit in replication control and segregation in both rich and poor media. Measurement of the relative position of the two segregating nucleoids within the outgrowing rod after completion of just one round of replication yielded quantitative information on the segregation and cell length extension processes. Segregation was accompanied by cell length extension at approximately equal rates on both sides of each nucleoid. Furthermore, the data were consistent with an exponential increase in such an extension with time over the early and major portion of the period studied, but it was not possible to rule out other models of length extension. PMID- 6802802 TI - Bacterial spore heat resistance correlated with water content, wet density, and protoplast/sporoplast volume ratio. AB - Five types of dormant Bacillus spores, between and within species, were selected representing a 600-fold range in moist-heat resistance determined as a D100 value. The wet and dry density and the solids and water content of the entire spore and isolated integument of each type were determined directly from gram masses of material, with correction for interstitial water. The ratio between the volume occupied by the protoplast (the structures bounded by the inner pericytoplasm membrane) and the volume occupied by the sporoplast (the structures bounded by the outer pericortex membrane) was calculated from measurements made on electron micrographs of medially thin-sectioned spores. Among the various spore types, an exponential increase in the heat resistance correlated directly with the wet density and inversely with the water content and with the protoplast/sporoplast volume ratio. Altogether with results supported a hypothesis that the extent of heat resistance is based in whole or in part on the extent of dehydration and diminution of the protoplast in the dormant spore, without implications about physiological mechanisms for attaining this state. PMID- 6802803 TI - Alcohol-resistant sporulation mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - About 80% of Bacillus subtilis cells form spores when grown in nutrient broth. In medium containing various short-chain aliphatic alcohols, the frequency of sporulation was reduced to 0.5%. Mutants sporulated in the presence of alcohols at a frequency of 30 to 40%. Sporulation in the wild-type cells was sensitive to alcohol at the beginning of sporulation (stage zero). Sensitivity to alcohol in the mutants was also at stage zero, even though the sensitivity was considerably reduced. This sensitivity of sporulation to alcohol is the phenotypic expression of a genetic locus designated ssa. Mutations at this locus lead to a decreased sensitivity of sporulation to alcohol without modifying the sensitivity of growth. Genetic analysis by transduction was bacteriophage PBS1 revealed that ssa mutations are near the previously described spo0A locus. ssa mutants also differ from wild-type cells in the composition of membrane phospholipids. The relative amount of phosphatidylglycerol increased, whereas the relative amount of phosphatidylethanolamine and lysylphosphatidylglycerol decreased relative to the proportions in the wild type. The distribution of fatty acids in membrane lipids is the same as in the wild type. No differential sensitivity of phospholipid metabolism to alcohol could be detected in the mutant. This work therefore reveals that the extensive, pleiotropic changes in the membranes of ssa mutants are the phenotypic reflection of alterations at a specific gene locus. PMID- 6802804 TI - Obligate methylotrophy: evaluation of dimethyl ether as a C1 compound. AB - The suitability of dimethyl ether as a C1 compound was examined with the obligate methylobacterium Methylococcus capsulatus (Texas). The ether did not support growth and was not formed during growth on methane; it was an inhibitor of growth and oxidation of methane and a poor oxidation substrate for cell suspensions. NADH stimulation of methane, but not dimethyl ether, oxidation occurred in cell extracts. PMID- 6802806 TI - Alcohol and affective disorder: assessment and treatment. PMID- 6802805 TI - Interchangeability of delta subunits of RNA polymerase from different species of the genus Bacillus. AB - RNA polymerase was purified from five species of Bacillus, including Bacillus subtilis. Each polymerase had a subunit composition analogous to that reported for B. subtilis, i.e., beta beta '2 alpha sigma delta omega 1 omega 2. The delta subunits from the B. subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis polymerases were interchangeable, as judged from their effects on promoter selection in the polymerase binding assay. PMID- 6802807 TI - Digestion of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides by endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase in the human skin fibroblasts obtained from fucosidosis patients. AB - The substrate specificity of human endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase was studied by using the homogenate of cultured skin fibroblasts of fucosidosis patients as an enzyme source. The results indicate that biantennary complex type asparagine linked sugar chains as well as high mannose type sugar chains are cleaved by the enzyme action. None of the sugar chains with a fucosyl residue on the proximal N acetylglucosamine of their N,N'-diacetylchitobiose moieties was cleaved. These results proved enzymatically the mechanism of production of oligosaccharides detected in the urine of various exoglycosidase deficiencies. PMID- 6802808 TI - Isolation and characterization of multiple components of basic gonadotropin from bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) pituitary gland. AB - Four gonadotropin components were purified from the basic protein fraction of bullfrog pituitary glands. All the components had high potencies not only in the ovulation assay using Xenopus laevis ovaries but also in the competitive binding assay for rat follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) using Xenopus laevis testis. The isoelectric points of the four components determined by isoelectric focusing were at pH 8.8, 9.0, 9.1, and 9.3, respectively. No appreciable difference in the physical and chemical properties other than isoelectric points was found among the four components. Their Stokes radius estimated by gel filtration was 2.36 nm. This value was appreciably lower than that reported for mammalian luteinizing hormone (LH). On sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, reduced preparations of the four components each showed two bands, indicating a subunit structure similar to that of mammalian gonadotropins. Their mobilities were greater than those of mammalian LH. The molecular weights of subunits estimated by high-speed gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride were lower than those of mammalian LH. The amino acid composition of the four basic components of bullfrog gonadotropin was appreciably different from that of mammalian LH. PMID- 6802809 TI - Modification of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus saitoi with 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2 morpholinyl-(4)-ethyl)carbodiimide. AB - 1. In order to elucidate the structure-function relation of a glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3, alpha-D-(1 leads to 4)-glucan glucohydrolase] from Aspergillus saitoi (Gluc M1), the reaction of Gluc M1 with water-soluble carbodiimides was studied. 2. Gluc M1 was inactivated most effectively by 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinyl-(4) ethyl)carbodiimide (CMC) at pH 4.5. 3. Inactivation of Gluc M1 with [14C]CMC proceeded with the incorporation of about 12 CMC moieties. From the results of amino acid analysis, titration of SH group with Ellman's reagent and hydroxylamine treatment at pH 7.0, it was concluded that the crucial sites of modification were carboxyl groups of Gluc M1. 4. The CD spectrum of CMC-modified Gluc M1 (residual activity, ca. 9.8%) suggested that the gross conformation of the native enzyme was retained. 5. In the presence of maltose, when Gluc M1 was incubated with [14C]CMC, ca. 10 CMC moieties were incorporated with a simultaneous decrease in enzymatic activity (30%). The Gluc M1 modified in the presence of maltose was remodified with CMC after elimination of maltose. The CMC modified Gluc M1 was inactivated completely with the incorporation of ca. 4 CMC moieties. 6. The logarithm of the half-life of the inactivation of Gluc M1 by CMC was a linear function of log [CMC] indicating that one carboxyl group among the modified ones was crucial for inactivation of Gluc M1. 7. The protection by maltose of Gluc M1 from inactivation and the increase in K1 values for maltose of CMC-modified Gluc M1's suggested that a crucial carboxyl group(s) was located near or on subsites 2 and 3. PMID- 6802810 TI - The role of core-oligosaccharide in formation of an active acid phosphatase and its secretion by yeast protoplasts. PMID- 6802811 TI - Changes in hemoprotein content in Tetrahymena pyriformis (strain NT-1) as studied by low temperature spectroscopy. PMID- 6802812 TI - Structural similarities in the active-site region between potato and rabbit muscle phosphorylases: a lysyl residue located close to the pyridoxal 5' phosphate. AB - P1,P2-bis(5'-pyridoxal)diphosphate crosslinks between the original cofactor (pyridoxal 5'-phosphate) linking residue and Lys-573 in rabbit muscle phosphorylase (Shimomura, S., Nakano, K., & Fukui, T. (1978) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 82, 462-468). We have applied the same technique to potato phosphorylase to compare the structures of the active-site regions of the two enzymes, which have different regulatory properties. The reagent was bound to the potato enzyme in the same binding mode as the rabbit muscle enzyme. A sequence study on the potato enzyme labeled with this reagent revealed that it crosslinks between the original cofactor-linking lysyl residue and another lysyl residue, respectively corresponding to Lys-679 and Lys-573 in the rabbit muscle enzyme, and that the sequence Lys-573 to Leu-577 in the rabbit muscle enzyme is conserved in the potato enzyme. These findings indicate structural similarities in the active-site region between the phosphorylases, and suggest the importance of a lysyl residue in the catalytic mechanism of the phosphorylase reaction. PMID- 6802813 TI - Identification of Drosophila indirect flight muscle myofibrillar proteins by means of two-dimensional electrophoresis. AB - When proteins of whole Drosophila thorax were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, 186 spots were detected by protein staining with Coomassie brilliant blue R-250. Two methods were developed to identify proteins which exist in indirect flight muscle (IFM) and its myofibrils. 1) A whole fly was freeze dried in a dry ice-acetone mixture, and indirect flight muscle fibers were cleanly dissected out from the thorax. The muscle cells and the rest of the thorax were analyzed separately. The muscle contained 146 polypeptides, of which 12 were not detected elsewhere. 2) Flies were frozen in liquid nitrogen and shaken vigorously so that their thoraces broke off from heads and abdomens. The thoraces were separated from the rest by sieving and centrifugation. After homogenization of the thorax, myofibrils were prepared by centrifugation in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The myofibril fraction contained at least 20 proteins. There were two types of actin (II and III), myosin heavy chain, tropomyosin and paramyosin. Nine of the other myofibrillar proteins were specific to this muscle. PMID- 6802814 TI - Glycosphingolipid biosynthesis through asialogangliosides in rat bone marrow cells. AB - Glycolipid biosynthesis in rat bone marrow cells has been studied with reference to four kinds of glycosyltransferases catalyzing the transfer of N acetylgalactosamine, galactose, N-acetylneuraminic acid, and fucose to each glycolipid acceptor. It was demonstrated that glycosyltransferase activities which synthesize galactosylglucosylceramide (CDH) from glucosylceramide (CMH), N acetylgalactosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GA2) from CDH, galactosyl-N acetylgalactosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (GA1) from GA2 and N acetylneuraminylgalactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminylgalactosylglucosylceramide (Gm1b) from GA1 were all present in rat bone marrow cell homogenate. Fucosyltransferase activity catalyzing the transfer of fucose from GDP-fucose to GA1 was also recognized in the cell homogenate. Neutral glycolipid extracted from rat bone marrow cells was analyzed by thin layer chromatography and glycosidase treatments. The presence of glycolipids corresponding to GA2, GA1 and fucolipid was demonstrated. From these results, it was concluded that the biosynthesis of glycolipid through asialogangliosides is a major biosynthetic route in rat bone marrow cells. PMID- 6802815 TI - Leukotriene C4 and D4 formation by particulate enzymes. AB - The homogenate of rat basophilic leukemia cells, when incubated with arachidonic acid, glutathione, and calcium, formed 3 isomers of 5,12 dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 2 isomers of 5,6-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, as well as leukotriene (LT) C4 and D4. The products were identified by high pressure liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectral analysis, co-migration with standards, bioassay, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The enzymes responsible for the formation of LTC4 and LTD4 from LTA4 were found in the 10,000 x g pellet and, therefore, appear to be particulate. The possibility that these enzymes are bound to the cell membrane suggest that the formation of these leukotrienes might be important in the basophil and mast cells release reaction. PMID- 6802817 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of the spontaneous transfer of fluorescent phospholipids between apolipoprotein-phospholipid recombinants. Effect of the polar headgroup. AB - Fluorescent derivatives of a phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diacylglycerol have been studied to establish the effect of different polar headgroups on the mechanism and kinetics of spontaneous phospholipid transfer between recombinants of human plasma apolipoprotein A-II and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The fluorescent lipids are all 1-myristoyl-2-[9 (1-pyrenyl)nonanoyl] glycerides. The transfer of the lipids is a first order process where the rate is independent of the concentration over a 50 fold range of the acceptor recombinants. These results are consistent with the lipids transferring as monomers being a water-soluble intermediate. The rate of transfer of the different phospholipids are slightly slower than phosphatidylcholine, with that of phosphatidylethanolamine being about 4 times slower. The transfer of phospholipids with a titratable headgroup is pH-dependent. The difference in the rates and pH dependence may be a function of the interactions (hydrogen bonding) between polar headgroups. The rate of transfer of the diacylglycerol is 20 times slower than phosphatidylcholine, but its activation energy (21 kcal/mol) is only 2 to 3 kcal less than most of the phospholipids (23 kcal/mol). These results suggest that the rate and activation energy for the spontaneous transfer of phospholipids can be predicted to a first approximation on the basis of its hydrophobic content, irrespective of the pH or identity of the polar headgroup. PMID- 6802816 TI - Platelet activating factor. Stimulation of the lipoxygenase pathway in polymorphonuclear leukocytes by 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. AB - 1-O-Alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (AAGPC) triggered the release of [3H]arachidonate but not [14C]stearate from cellular phospholipids in cytochalasin B-treated rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Concentrations of AAGPC up to 20 nM caused a dose-dependent release and subsequent metabolism of the released [3H]arachidonic acid. Most of the release of the [3H]arachidonate had taken place within the first 2 min of stimulation. Phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine served as the sources of [3H]arachidonate with about 50% of the label coming from each pool. Challenge of cytochalasin B-treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes with AAPGC led to the production of [3H]hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids and [3H]dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. No significant production of [3H]prostaglandins or [3H]thromboxanes was detected. AAGPC also caused a dose-dependent degranulation of cytochalasin B-treated rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes as shown by the release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme. Both the AAGPC-stimulated production of arachidonate metabolites and the degranulation response were blocked by eicosatetraynoic acid and non dihydroguaiaretic acid at similar inhibitor concentrations. These findings suggest the bioactions of AAGPC on polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be mediated by the release of arachidonic acid and the production of mono- and dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. PMID- 6802818 TI - Activation mechanism of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase by hemoproteins. AB - The mechanism of the activation of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase by hemeproteins was investigated using the enzyme purified from bovine seminal vesicle microsomes. At pH 8, the maximal enzyme activities with methemoglobin (2 microM), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (2 microM), and metmyoglobin (2 microM) were 70%, 42%, and 15% of that with 1 microM hematin. Apomyoglobin and apohemoglobin inhibited the enzyme activities caused by hemoproteins as well as that caused by hematin. The inhibition was removed by the addition of excess hematin. The dissociation of heme from hemoproteins was demonstrated by trapping the free heme with human albumin or to a DE-52 column. The dissociation of heme from methemoglobin was facilitated by increasing concentrations of arachidonic acid. The amount of heme dissociated from hemoproteins (methemoglobin, metmyoglobin, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) in the presence of arachidonic acid correlated with their stimulatory effects on the prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase activity. Horseradish peroxidase and beef liver catalase, the hemes of which were not dissociated in the presence of arachidonic acid, were ineffective in activating prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. Spectrophotometric titration of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase with hematin demonstrated that the enzyme bound hematin at the ratio of 1 mol/mol with an association constant of 0.6 x 10(8) M-1. From these results, we conclude that hemoproteins themselves are ineffective in activating prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and free hematin dissociated from the hemoproteins by the interaction of arachidonic acid is the activating factor for the enzyme. PMID- 6802819 TI - Site-specific fluorescein-labeled cobra alpha-toxin. Biochemical and spectroscopic characterization. AB - Cobra alpha-toxin purified from Naja naja siamensis venom was labeled with near stoichiometric quantities of fluorescein isothiocyanate. A monofluorescein alpha toxin was separated in 50-60% yield from unconjugated alpha-toxin and other reaction products by ion exchange chromatography. The isolated mono-conjugated alpha-toxin electrofocuses largely as a single entity with 92% appearing with a pI of 9.6. The unmodified toxin has a pI of 10.7. Thermolysin digestion and subsequent high pressure liquid chromatography of the peptides yield two dominant fluorescent peaks, both of which can be traced to the labeling of lysine 23. The NE-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-Lys-23 alpha-toxin shows an apparent reduction in quantum yield when compared with either free FITC or the denatured and reduced NE-FITC-Lys-23 alpha-toxin. The reduction of fluorescence is likely to be due to static quenching of the fluorescein by the tryptophanyl and tyrosyl residues (25 and 21, respectively) in the "central loop" region. Binding of the NE-FITC-Lys-23 alpha-toxin to the membrane-associated acetylcholine receptor is accompanied by a 95 +/- 22% increase in fluorescence which probably reflects perturbation of the beta-pleated sheet character of the region containing residues 20-25 of the alpha-toxin. Steady state fluorescence polarization measurements of NE-FITC-Lys-23 alpha-toxin yield a rotational correlation time of 3.7 ns, suggesting FITC is largely immobilized on the alpha-toxin. The NE-FITC Lys-23 alpha-toxin binds with a dissociation constant of 4 nM determined by fluorescence polarization. PMID- 6802820 TI - Osmotic pressures of solutions of ATP and catecholamines relating to storage in chromaffin granules. AB - The chromaffin granule, which is the catecholamine storage organelle of the adrenal medulla, contains at least 0.73 M ions, yet it is isotonic with 0.3 osM solutions. One hypothesis which accounts for this disparity is formation of a complex between major constituents of the granule: the catecholamines, the proteins, and the ATP. In this paper we show by vapor pressure osmometry, which affords a direct measure of colligative properties, that ATP-catecholamine mixtures form highly nonideal solutions. At 37 degrees C, solutions containing 0.6 M epinephrine and 0.15 M ATP show an effective osmotic pressure of only 0.25 osM. The existence of polymeric complexes is implied by the fact that the increase of osmotic pressure with increasing concentrations of ATP and catecholamine falls off substantially at concentrations approaching those in the chromaffin granules. Neither inorganic ions nor calcium chelators cause regain of ideal colligative behavior. Osmotic measurements on model compounds suggest that the primary interaction is between the phosphate and amino groups. There is also evidence that the effects are not wholly due to the formation of discrete complexes; factors of nonideal solution behavior also play a role in lowering the osmotic pressure. These observations show that the stability of the chromaffin granule in situ can be accounted for, perhaps entirely, by spontaneous interactions among nucleotides and catecholamines. PMID- 6802821 TI - Effects of mannoprotein mutations on Saccharomyces cerevisiae core oligosaccharide structure. AB - By the combined actions of an endo-alpha-1 leads to 6-mannanase and an endo-beta N-acetylglucosaminidase, the core oligosaccharides can be released from Saccharomyces cerevisiae X2180 mnn2 mannoproteins. The effects of various mannoprotein mutations were evaluated by structural comparison of these core oligosaccharides with those prepared from double mutant strains with the genotypes mnn1 mnn2, mnn2 mnn3, mnn2 mnn4, and mnn2 mnn5. The results indicate that only the mnn1 lesion has a major effect on the mannoprotein core structure. Whereas the mnn2 mannoprotein yields a core composed of 6 fragments that differ in size from each other by single mannose units, only the two smallest species predominate in the mnn1 mnn2 preparation. This change is correlated with a loss of terminal alpha 1 leads to 3-mannosyl residues, an effect on the mnn1 lesion that is found also in the polysaccharide outer chain and hydroxyamino acid-linked mannooligosaccharides. The mnn3 and mnn5 mutations also had slight effects on the core size, but clear differences in linkage composition were not apparent. The results suggest that core oligosaccharides have an average composition of Man11GlcNAc, whereas Man9GlcNAc is the major oligosaccharide in strains containing the mnn1 defect. These values are 2 to 3 sugars less than those estimated previously (Nakajima, T., and Ballou, C. E. (1975) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 66, 870-879). Detailed analysis of the major core oligosaccharide from the mnn1 mnn2 mutant revealed that the two mannoses in alpha 1 leads to 3 linkage to the backbone were adjacent to each other and that the oligosacccharide is nearly identical with one isolated from chinese hamster ovary cell membranes (Li, E., and Kornfeld, S. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 1600-1605). This finding provides strong evidence for the evolutionary conservation of this structural feature of the high mannose core oligosaccharides. PMID- 6802822 TI - Immunochemical characterization of a proline endopeptidase from rat brain. Its relationship to proline endopeptidase from other tissues and from other species. AB - Monospecific antiserum raised against rat brain proline endopeptidase is used to demonstrate the ubiquity of the enzyme and its unique role in the degradation of proline-containing peptides. All endoproteolytic activity directed toward proline residues in several rat tissues is shown to share one or more common antigenic determinants with rat brain proline endopeptidase. Similar activity from tissue of other species crossreacts with rat proline endopeptidase. The data presented suggest that proline endopeptidase is the sole cytoplasmic enzyme capable of degrading proline-containing peptides in every tissue examined and that previously reported proline-specific endoproteolytic activities observed in a variety of systems may be ascribed to proline endopeptidase. The putative role of proline endopeptidase in protein degradation is discussed. PMID- 6802823 TI - Structural features of liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Hydrophobic domain, hydrophilic domain, and connecting region. AB - Detergent-solubilized liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is known to retain the ability to transfer electrons to cytochrome P-450, whereas the trypsin-solubilized reductase transfers electrons only to artificial acceptors. Due to the loss of a hydrophobic fragment by the action of trypsin, the altered reductase is no longer capable of binding cytochrome P-450. In the present study the primary tryptic attack on the rabbit reductase was shown to be at the Lys 44 Ile 45 bond to liberate the hydrophilic domain (molecular weight, 71,000) from the intact enzyme (molecular weight, 77,000). The other fragment (molecular weight, 4,800) undergoes tryptic attack at the Lys 34-Lys 35-Lys 36 sequence to yield a polypeptide representing the hydrophobic domain of the reductase and a nona- or decapeptide (Lys 35 or Lys 36 through Lys 44) which serves as the connecting region. The hydrophobic peptide, which is derived from the NH2 terminal end of the reductase, has an acetylated NH2 terminus and a region (Val 16 through Phe 32) which is exceptionally hydrophobic, with a predicted beta sheet structure, and is believed to be involved in the binding of cytochrome P 450 and phospholipid. The site of attack on the reductase by various proteases is different, but the cleavage points are localized within a short segment of the polypeptide chain. A comparison of the tryptic forms (representing the hydrophilic domains) of the rabbit and rat reductases by terminal sequence analysis showed a high degree of similarity, with about 80% of the residues in exact correspondence and only a short variable region near the Ile NH2 terminus. PMID- 6802824 TI - Isolation and physicochemical properties of active complexes of rabbit muscle phosphorylase kinase. PMID- 6802825 TI - Cloning of DNA complementary to rat liver NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) oxidoreductase and cytochrome P-450b mRNAs. Evidence that phenobarbital augments transcription of specific genes. PMID- 6802826 TI - Molecular architecture of a light-harvesting antenna. Isolation and characterization of phycobilisome subassembly particles. AB - Synechococcus 6301 mutant, strain AN112, produces phycobilisomes containing two major biliproteins, phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, and two major linker polypeptides of 27 and 75 kilodaltons (27K and 75K). These phycobilisomes have a molecular weight of approximately 2.5 X 10(6) and are the smallest of these particles known to date. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of AN112 phycobilisomes partially dissociated in 50 mM N [tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]glycine, 5 mM CaCl2, 10% (w/v) glycerol, pH 7.8, separated three distinct fractions: (1) free trimeric biliproteins, (2) hexameric complexes of phycocyanin with 27K (11 S particles), and (3) phycobilisome subassemblies equivalent in mass to approximately 25% of the intact phycobilisome (18 S particles). The 18 S particles contained equimolar amounts of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin, which represented approximately 30 and 50%, respectively, of the content of these biliproteins in the AN112 phycobilisome. The 18 S particles also contained 75% and 100%, respectively, of 27K and 75K polypeptides; i.e. 75K was present in a 2-fold higher amount than in the intact phycobilisome. The absorption spectrum (lambda max 648 nm) of the 18 S particles was similar to that of allophycocyanin. Upon excitation at 580 nm, these particles exhibited a fluorescence emission spectrum consisting of 680 and 660 nm components, identical with that of intact phycobilisomes. The circular dichroism spectra of AN112 phycobilisomes and of the 18 S particles, in the region between 650 and 700 nm, were also very similar. Allophycocyanin B, which fluoresces at 680 nm, was found in fraction 1, and was totally absent from the 18 S particle. Thus, the long wavelength emission of the 18 S particle must have arisen from another terminal energy acceptor. The most probable candidate is the 75K polypeptide, which has been shown to carry a bilin chromophore and emit near 680 nm (Lundell, D. J., Yamanaka, G., and Glazer, A. N. (1980) J. Cell Biol. 91, 315-319). The 27K polypeptide, present in both fractions 2 and 3, was a component of different complexes in the two fractions. Fraction 2 displayed the physical and spectroscopic properties characteristic of the phycocyanin-linker complex, (alpha beta)6.27K. However, in the 18 S particle, 27K functioned in the assembly and attachment of phycocyanin trimers to a core domain. Based on the analysis of the components in fractions 1-3, a model is proposed which describes the structure of the AN112 phycobilisome, with emphasis on the roles of the linker polypeptides in the assembly of the core. PMID- 6802827 TI - Ribosomal proteins cross-linked to peptide chain termination release factor 2. AB - The peptide chain termination factor 2 (RF2) was covalently linked to Escherichia coli ribosomal proteins with the bifunctional reagent, dimethyl suberimidate. Ribosomal RF2 complexes were identified by immunological and radioimmunological techniques which utilized both antibody specific for individual ribosomal proteins and also for RF2. Efficient cross-linking occurred with proteins L2, L7/L12, and L11 of the large ribosome subunit and to a lesser extent with S6, S17, and S18 of the small subunit. On the basis of these and other data the ribosomal binding domain of RF2 appears to be a small region at the interface between the 30 S and 50 S subunits involving parts of both subunits. PMID- 6802828 TI - Regulation of catabolism of IgM heavy chains in a B lymphoma cell line. AB - The human lymphoma cell line Daudi has the phenotype of a nonsecreting B cell. This cell line synthesizes both the membrane and secreted forms of the IgM heavy chain, but only expresses functional membrane IgM. We have found that secreted type heavy chains (mus) are rapidly degraded in these cells, with a half-life of 1.3 h. Some of the membrane type heavy chains (mum) are also rapidly catabolized but some are expressed in a stable form with a half-life of 13 h. Inhibiting the initial glycosylation of heavy chains with tunicamycin has differential effects on the catabolic rates of mus and mum chains. The turnover of mus chains is not affected by this inhibitor, but the degradation of mum chains is much more rapid after tunicamycin treatment. In comparison with their glycosylated counterparts, nonglycosylated mu chains do not covalently assemble to a significant degree with light chains. Tunicamycin treatment of Daudi cells thus seems to inhibit formation of stable mum protein, possibly by altering mu chain conformation and inhibiting its interaction with light chains. We conclude from these results that some mum chains are specifically protected from proteolysis by post-translational events. These processing events include covalent assembly with light chains, terminal glycosylation, and insertion into the plasma membrane. PMID- 6802829 TI - Lipid-protein interactions as determinants of activation or inhibition by cytochrome b5 of cytochrome P-450-mediated oxidations. AB - Activation or inhibition by cytochrome b5 of benzphetamine N-demethylation was studied in micelle-reconstituted systems containing cytochrome P-450 LM2, NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase, and dilauroyl-phosphatidylcholine. The effects of cytochrome b5 were critically dependent on both protein:protein and lipid:protein ratios. A 200% stimulation of N-demethylation by cytochrome b5 was obtained at cytochrome P-450 reductase:cytochrome P-450 ratios similar to those in microsomes, compared to only a 20% stimulation at a ratio of 1:1. At lipid:protein ratios less than 50:1, the addition of cytochrome b5 caused significant inhibition of benzphetamine N-demethylation. Such an inhibition could be partially reversed by increasing phospholipid content of micelles and was not seen in vesicle-reconstituted systems at cytochrome b5:cytochrome P-450 ratios of 1:1 or lower. At high cytochrome P-450 reductase:cytochrome P-450 ratios, addition of cytochrome b5 did not alter the efficiency (80%) with which NADPH was utilized: however, at ratios similar to those in microsomes, an increase in efficiency from 42% to 80% was observed. The function of cytochrome b5 was interpreted in terms of a model in which inhibition of cytochrome P-450-mediated reactions results from changes in phospholipid-protein interactions and activation occurs via facilitation of electron transfer between NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytochrome P-450 in the membrane. PMID- 6802830 TI - Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase containing biosynthetically incorporated [guanidino-13C]arginine. AB - Thymidylate synthetase, containing [guanidino-13C]arginine, was obtained from amethopterin-resistant Lactobacillus casei grown on a defined medium containing [guanidino-13C]arginine. Carbon 13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate the native enzyme and the response of 13C-enriched arginyl residues to binary and ternary complex formation and to chemical modification by 2,3-butanedione. Native enzyme exhibited four resonances (A, 158.3 ppm; B, 157.4 ppm; C, 156.9 ppm; and D, 156.1 ppm) in a chemical shift range of 2.2 ppm. The 12 arginyl residues per subunit of this enzyme were found in a 1:5:5:1 distribution in the four resonances. Carbon 13 NMR spectra revealed that of the four resonances, resonance C was most perturbed by binary and ternary complex formation. The ternary complex formed with [guanidino-13C]arginine-enriched enzyme, 5-fluoro-deoxyuridylate, and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate exhibited two new resonances at 157.9 and 156.5 ppm. Carbon 13 NMR analysis of enzyme inactivated with butanedione yielded three new single-carbon resonances, one from resonance B and two from resonance C, demonstrating that three arginyl residues per subunit were derivatized. The results of the binary and ternary complex studies and the chemical modification experiment suggest that the active site arginyl residue is represented in resonance C of the native enzyme. PMID- 6802831 TI - The reaction of phenylhydrazine with microsomal cytochrome P-450. Catalysis of heme modification. AB - Phenylhydrazine interacted with oxidized and reduced cytochrome P-450 of rat liver microsomes to produce binding difference spectra typical of many nitrogenous compounds. The phenylhydrazine-induced difference spectrum observed with oxidized microsomal cytochrome P-450 was converted, in a time-dependent process, to yield a new spectral intermediate with an absorbance maximum around 480 nm. The time required to form this new phenylhydrazine-induced spectral intermediate was decreased from hours to minutes when either NADPH or NADH was added to the reaction mixture. Phenyldiazene generated by addition of the decarboxylation product of methyl phenyldiazenecarboxylate or by addition of potassium ferricyanide and phenylhydrazine (2:1 molar equivalents) instantly formed the new spectral intermediate. This suggests that phenyldiazene is formed during the NADPH-dependent reaction. The appearance of the new spectral intermediate occurred concomitant with the loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450 (less than 90%) and loss of absorbance at 418 nm. The interpretation of the optical spectral changes was supported by a loss of the low spin signals characteristic of oxidized cytochrome P-450 as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The loss of CO-reactive cytochrome P-450 apparently resulted from the formation of a binary complex of phenyldiazene and the heme of oxidized cytochrome P-450 giving rise to the 480 nm spectral intermediate. In addition, the diazene-bound heme of cytochrome P-450 apparently was modified irreversibly in the presence of oxygen. The effects observed with phenylhydrazine could be produced to a lesser degree by other hydrazine derivatives. The possible role of phenylhydrazine as a new type of suicide substrate is discussed. PMID- 6802832 TI - Membrane-bound penicillinases in Gram-positive bacteria. AB - The penicillinases of Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus are related in structure and cellular localization to one another more closely than they are to penicillinases from Gram-negative organisms. In the latter, penicillinases are almost exclusively found in the periplasm, while the Gram-positive bacteria retain a substantial proportion as hydrophobic membrane bound forms. We recently showed (Nielsen, J. B. K., Caulfield, M. P., and Lampen, J. O. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 78, 3511-3515) that B. licheniformis membrane attachment was achieved through a glyceride thioether modification identical to that in several Gram-negative outer membrane proteins. We now report that the membrane penicillinases of S. aureus and B. cereus also possess the modification. We do this by demonstrating isotopic labeling of these forms of [3H]palmitate, by showing that they exhibit the same response to the antibiotic globomycin which appears to inhibit processing steps specifically involving the glyceride thioether in Escherichia coli outer membrane proteins, and lastly by isolating glyceryl cysteine sulfone, the oxidation product of the modified cysteine residue. By comparing the modification-susceptible signal sequences of Gram-positive penicillinases and of Gram-negative outer membrane proteins with those of nonmodified Gram-negative penicillinases, we describe in increased detail the structural features within the signal sequence that allow modification and cleavage resulting in membrane anchorage. PMID- 6802833 TI - Synthesis and maturation of Xenopus laevis methionine tRNA gene transcripts in homologous cell-free extracts. AB - A cloned initiator methionine tRNA gene from Xenopus laevis has been transcribed in cell-free extracts (S-100) prepared from cultured X. laevis kidney cells. RNA polymerase III produces two primary transcripts of this gene which initiate with a pppG and a pppA located seven and four nucleotides, respectively, in front of the mature tRNAMet1 5' end. Both terminate with a dT5 tract just beyond the nucleotides encoding the mature tRNA. The tRNA precursors are readily processed in vitro to mature length tRNA which contains six of the seven modified nucleotides found in the in vivo tRNAMet1. Many of these ribonucleotide modifications (m1G, m2G, m7G, D, and m1A) are introduced into the primary transcripts. The single exception is t6A which is found in the tRNAMet1 anticodon loop only after maturation of the 5' and 3' termini. PMID- 6802834 TI - Biosynthesis of sucrase-isomaltase. Purification and NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the rat sucrase-isomaltase precursor (pro-sucrase-isomaltase) from fetal intestinal transplants. AB - The dimeric enzyme sucrase-isomaltase (a complex of sucrose alpha-glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.48 and oligo-1,6-glucosidase (dextrin 6 alpha-D-glucanohydrolase), EC 3.2.1.10) of the rat small intestinal microvillus membrane is synthesized as a single chain enzymatically active precursor protein. This precursor (called pro sucrase-isomaltase) was purified from fetal intestinal transplants in which sucrase-isomaltase was found almost exclusively in the uncleaved precursor form. A two-step procedure was developed using monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography on protein A Sepharose CL-4B followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The NH2-terminal sequence of purified pro-sucrase-isomaltase was identical with that of the isolated isomaltase subunit which possesses the membrane anchor for the mature enzyme complex but differed from the NH2-terminal sequence of the sucrase subunit. This identity shows that the isomaltase domain comprising the membrane anchor is synthesized prior to the bulk of the protein destined to be localized on the luminal side of the microvillus membrane. A model is proposed for the mode of membrane assembly and the subsequent cleavage of pro-sucrase-isomaltase into its mature subunits. PMID- 6802835 TI - Micellar complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I with phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol prepared from cholate-lipid dispersions. AB - Micellar complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I and phosphatidylcholine, with or without cholesterol, were prepared by adding apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) to sodium cholate-lipid mixtures. Cholate was removed by dialysis and the apo A I.lipid complexes were isolated by gel filtration chromatography or by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The lipid mixtures consisted of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine or egg yolk phosphatidylcholine in the presence of various molar ratios of cholesterol. The formation of complexes was examined at different phosphatidylcholine (PC)-to-apo A-I ratios, PC-to-cholate ratios, and cholate concentrations. Yields of complexes were maximal when incubation and dialysis were performed near the transition temperature of the PC. Upon lipid binding and complex formation, apo A-I experienced a significant increase in alpha-helix content, and a blue shift in the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. In all lipid-protein incubation mixtures, from 600:1 to 75:1, PC/apo A-I (molar ratios), relatively small, stable complexes were present which gave maximum yields at incubation ratios similar to their isolated stoichiometries of 75:1 to 140:1, PC/apo A-I (molar ratios). For the isolated complexes, molecular weights were determined by sedimentation equilibrium to be in the range from 220,000 to 260,000; fluorescence polarization using the hydrophobic probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene showed a broadened and shifted gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition, characteristic of micellar complexes of apo A-I with PC. Complexes prepared using apo A-I, covalently labeled with 5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1 sulfonyl chloride, had an overall particle rotational relaxation time of 530 ns. On electron micrographs, the complexes, negatively stained with phosphotungstate, appeared as lamellar, discoidal particles. PMID- 6802836 TI - Reaction of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase with synthetic micellar complexes of apolipoprotein A-I, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. AB - Micellar, discoidal complexes of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) with phosphatidylcholines and cholesterol, prepared by the method described in the preceding paper (Matz, C. M., and Jonas, A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 4535 4540), were used as substrates for human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, purified 10,000-fold. The micellar complexes of apo A-I.egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.cholesterol were compared to commonly used substrates of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, consisting of small unilamellar vesicles of egg yolk-phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol in the presence of apo A-I. Under identical reaction conditions, the micellar complexes had 4- to 5-fold higher initial velocities and 3-fold greater capacities for cholesterol esters than did the corresponding vesicular substrates. Micellar complexes, labeled with 5 dimethylamino-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl fluorescent groups in the apolipoprotein, were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. After reaction with lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase, they had a shorter rotational relaxation time (290 ns) and smaller Stokes radius (47 A) than the unreacted complexes (530 ns and 57 A, respectively). The characteristic stacked, discoidal particles observed on electron micrographs of negatively stained micellar, unreacted complexes disappeared after enzymatic reaction and were replaced by structures with spheroidal shapes. PMID- 6802838 TI - Purification and characterization of a rat liver ferroactivator with catalase activity. AB - A rat liver protein with both phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ferroactivator activity and catalase activity has been purified to near-homogeneity. The protein has a native molecular weight of 240,000 and is composed of four identical subunits containing ferriprotoporphyrin IX prosthetic groups. The visible spectrum has absorbance maxima at 403, 500, 530, and 620 nm; it is not reduced by dithionite. The spectrum, physical properties, and specific activity are almost identical with those of catalases from other sources, and the protein has been tentatively identified as rat liver catalase. The protein exhibited partial reactivity in double immunodiffusion plates to antiserum prepared against rat liver ferroactivator isolated by a previous method (Bentle, L. A., and Lardy, H. A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1431-1440) raising the possibility that the original ferroactivator and rat liver catalase are structurally related. Inactivation of catalase by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole was accompanied by loss of ferroactivator activity as well. The apparent specific activity of ferroactivator, as well. The apparent specific activity of ferroactivator, whether heme-containing or not, can be increased between 2- and 100-fold by the inclusion of bovine serum albumin, HCO3-, or a combination of the two in the incubation. PMID- 6802837 TI - Sexual agglutinins from the Chlamydomonas flagellar membrane. Partial purification and characterization. AB - Chlamydomonas sexual agglutinins have been quantitatively extracted from isolated flagella in vitro using the dialyzable nonionic detergent octyl-D-glucopyranoside and from cells in vivo with 12.5 mM EDTA. Both preparations elicit normal sexual responses from gametes of complementary, but not like, mating types. Extracts of vegetative cells and several agglutination-deficient (imp) mutants are totally inactive. Agglutinin activity is sensitive to trypsin, mild periodate oxidation, and heating at 60 degrees C for 1 min. These findings, coupled with the size of the molecule (it is excluded from Sepharose 6B and sediments as a 12 S particle in sucrose gradients) lead us to propose that the Chlamydomonas sexual agglutinins are large glycoproteins or glycoprotein aggregates which associate with the flagellar membrane in an extrinsic fashion. Partial purification of in vivo 125I-surface labeled EDTA extracts rules out several surface polypeptides, including the bulk of material migrating in the region of the major membrane glycoprotein (Mr 350,000), as agglutinin candidates and indicates that the active molecule is a minor component of the flagellar membrane. In addition, in vitro assays suggest a mechanism for in vivo sexual agglutination whereby stable adhesion is achieved by the active redistribution of agglutinins to the flagellar tips. PMID- 6802839 TI - Direct interaction of mepacrine with erythrocyte and platelet membrane phospholipid. AB - Mepacrine has been used as an inhibitor of the activation of endogenous phospholipases in many systems. These endogenous phospholipases are important in the modification of the lipid environment of membrane proteins and in the release of locally active oxygenated arachidonic acid metabolites. In both human platelets and erythrocytes, mepacrine blocks the release of fatty acid from phospholipid by endogenous phospholipases. However, mepacrine also interacts directly with membrane phospholipids, primarily phosphatidylethanolamine, to form less polar derivatives. This interaction occurs rapidly and is maximal at concentrations of mepacrine greater than 0.2 mM. Such drug-phospholipid interaction may perturb membrane architecture and function and be responsible for the inhibitory effects of mepacrine on cellular responses observed in many systems. Since the alteration in membrane phospholipid composition occurs under the same conditions as phospholipase inhibition, it is not possible to be certain that the inhibition of cellular responses by mepacrine is due to inhibition of phospholipases rather than to direct perturbation of the membrane. It is also possible that inhibition of phospholipase action by mepacrine is in part a consequence of the change in phospholipid composition. These results indicate that caution should be exercised in the interpretation of results obtained using mepacrine and that the usefulness of this compound for the investigation of the biological importance of phospholipase activation is limited. PMID- 6802840 TI - Eukaryotic DNA ligase. Purification and properties of the enzyme from bovine thymus, and immunochemical studies of the enzyme from animal tissues. AB - DNA ligase has been purified to near-homogeneity from the extract of bovine thymus with a yield of 5%. The purified enzyme catalyzed the joining of single stranded breaks in duplex DNA at a rate of 33 nmol of phosphodiester bonds/min/mg of protein. The purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis. The enzyme is composed of a single polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 130,000. The enzyme has a Stokes radius of 52 A, a sedimentation coefficient of about 5 S, and a frictional ratio of 1.6. Apparent Km values for ATP and Mg2+ are 2 microM and 0.9 mM, respectively. Antibody against bovine thymus DNA ligase was prepared by injecting a rabbit with the purified enzyme. Immunochemical titrations revealed that the increased activity of DNA ligase observed after partial hepatectomy of rat and 16-fold higher activity level of mouse Ehrlich tumor cells compared with the host liver are due to a change in the enzyme quantity but not to a change in the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme molecule. Wide variations in the level of DNA ligase activity in extracts from various tissues of rat and mouse were accompanied by proportionate changes in the quantity of immunochemically reactive protein. The antibody inhibited DNA ligase activity from bovine tissues with 20 fold higher efficiency, compared with the enzyme from the rodent tissues. The enzyme activity from chick embryo was unaffected by the antibody. PMID- 6802842 TI - Interactions between chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, fibronectin, and collagen. AB - A proteoglycan isolated from a rat yolk sac tumor and characterized as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with a smaller amount of dermatan sulfate was studied with respect to complex formation with collagen and fibronectin. The proteoglycan co-precipitated with native collagen from neutral salt solutions at 6 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Addition of fibronectin in such precipitation mixtures resulted in incorporation of fibronectin to the precipitate. Treatment of the proteoglycan with alkali to separate the glycosaminoglycan chains from the protein part and digestion of the protein part with papain greatly reduced the capacity of the proteoglycan to precipitate collagen and fibronectin. A defined extracellular matrix as represented by the complexes of collagen, proteoglycan, and fibronectin constructed here may be useful for studies on the biological effects of extracellular matrices. The multiple interactions of matrix macromolecules exemplified by these results may play a role in the formation of extracellular matrices and in the maintenance of their integrity. PMID- 6802841 TI - Association of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P-450 reductase with cytochrome P-450 in the membrane of reconstituted vesicles. AB - A protein-protein association of cytochrome P-450 LM2 with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, with cytochrome b5, and with both proteins was demonstrated in reconstituted phospholipid vesicles by magnetic circular dichroism difference spectra. A 23% decrease in the absolute intensity of the Soret band of the magnetic CD spectrum of cytochrome P-450 was observed when it was reconstituted with reductase. A difference spectrum corresponding to a 7% decrease in absolute intensity was obtained when cytochrome b5 was incorporated into vesicles that already contained cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome P-450 reductase compared to a decrease of 13% in absolute intensity when cytochrome b5 was incorporated into vesicles that contained only cytochrome P-450. The use of the magnetic circular dichroism confirmed that protein-protein associations that have been detected by absorption spectroscopy between purified and detergent-solubilized proteins also exist in membranes. High ionic strength was shown to interrupt direct electron flow from cytochrome P-450 reductase to cytochrome P-450 but not the electron flow from reductase through cytochrome b5 to cytochrome P-450. Upon incorporation of cytochrome b5 into cytochrome P-450- and cytochrome P-450 reductase-containing vesicles, an increase of benzphetamine N-demethylation activity was observed. The magnitude of this increase was numerically identical to the residual activity of the reconstituted vesicles measured in the presence of 0.3 M KCl. It is concluded that there is a requirement for at least one charge pairing for electron transfer from reductase to cytochrome P-450. These observations are combined in a proposed mechanism of coupled reversible association reactions in the membrane. PMID- 6802843 TI - Biochemical and immunochemical characterization and internal alignment of pepsin derived collagenous fragments of the alpha 1(IV) chain from bovine kidney cortices. AB - This communication describes the immunochemical and biochemical characterization of three polypeptide chains, alpha 1(IV)130K, alpha 1(IV)110K, and alpha 1(IV)75K belonging to the alpha 1(IV) chain of basement membrane collagen isolated from a pepsin digest of bovine kidney cortices. From the CNBr digests of the mixture of these chain fragments three peptides, a major and two minor peptides with an apparent Mr = 32,000, 24,000 and 13,000, respectively, were purified and characterized. The data presented show that CNBr peptides 24K and 13K are generated from CNBr peptide 32K by pepsin cleavage in the native molecule at the NH2-terminal end. Antisera were raised in rabbits against peptide CB32K. Inhibition assays using enzyme-linked immunoadsorbant assays (ELISA) showed cross reactivity with alpha 1(IV)130K, alpha 1(IV)110K and alpha 1(IV)75K fragments. Peptides CB24K and 13K also inhibited the antiserum. Antiserum was not active when tested against alpha 1(IV)95K, alpha 1(IV)55K, alpha 2(IV)120K, and alpha 2(IV)95K fragments as inhibitors. These studies provide further evidence that alpha 1(IV)130K, 110K, and 75K are derived from the same parent chain. The pepsin cleavage sites resulting in the formation of these fragments and their internal alignment are described. PMID- 6802844 TI - Alterations of the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid and osteocalcin concentrations in vitamin D-deficient chick bone. AB - The content of osteocalcin and protein bound gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) was studied as a function of bone maturation and mineralization in normal and vitamin D-deficient, rachitic chickens. The Gla/Ca2+ ratio was elevated in rachitic bone, particularly in the most undermineralized regions. For example, there is a 10- to 20-fold elevation in Gla/Ca2+ in the newly synthesized, least mineralized rachitic bone fraction, which progressively decreases to a 1.5-fold elevation in the most highly mineralized areas of rachitic tissue. Osteocalcin, which is the principal Gla-containing protein of mature bone, was quantitated by radioimmunoassay using specific antiserum to the 5670-dalton chicken protein. Surprisingly, the osteocalcin concentration is decreased 50% in vitamin D deficient bone. From this we infer that accumulated Gla-containing protein in vitamin D-deficient and poorly mineralized bone may possibly represent a precursor of osteocalcin. PMID- 6802845 TI - Glycogen synthase R in livers of starved rats and starved rats given glucose. AB - We reported that when synthase D was converted to synthase I in a rat liver extract, it progressed through a synthase form with activity characteristics which could not be explained by a mixture of synthase D and synthase I (Tan, A. W. H. (1981) Biochem. J. 200, 169-172). In this study we will borrow the "R" nomenclature to describe this "non-D" and "non-I" activity. Using activities measured at five different conditions and simultaneous equations, the amount of the three synthase forms in liver extracts can be estimated. During incubation of the liver extract, the amount of synthase R was found to increase with time and then to decrease as synthase I was generated, a profile typical of an enzyme intermediate. We investigated for the presence of synthase R in rat liver under different in vivo conditions. In contrast to the liver of fed rats which had very little synthase R, the liver of fasted rats was found to have 30% of its synthase in the R form. This synthase R was increased 2-fold when glucose was given and decreased to a very low level when glucagon was given. Synthase I was not detected, even in the livers of starved rats given glucose. Using conditions which were closer to those of the cell, synthase R was found to have relatively high activity, up to 70% that of synthase I. Based on these results, synthase R is proposed to be an active enzyme form responsible for glycogen synthesis in rat liver. PMID- 6802846 TI - Purification of the peptidoglycan transglycosylase of Bacillus megaterium. AB - The peptidoglycan transglycosylase of Bacillus megaterium has been purified approximately 500-fold from a crude membrane fraction. This protein is likely to be the one previously called PG-II and was assayed by its ability to reconstitute with a crude phospho-N-acetyl-muramyl-pentapeptide translocase preparation and partially purified N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase to give peptidoglycan synthesis from nucleotide precursors. The protein was identified as the peptidoglycan transglycosylase by its ability to synthesize lysozyme-sensitive peptidoglycan from undecaprenylpyrophosphoryl-disaccharide-pentapeptide. The enzyme is inhibited by vancomycin but not by bacitracin, penicillin G, or tunicamycin. The enzyme has no detectable transpeptidase activity, but it does bind penicillin. PMID- 6802847 TI - Nucleotide sequence of 7 S RNA. Homology to Alu DNA and La 4.5 S RNA. AB - 7 S RNA, a component of normal higher eukaryotic cells and several oncornaviruses, was shown to be conserved in evolution (Erikson, E., Erikson, R. L., Henry, B., and Pace, N. R. (1973) Virology 53, 40-46). Recently, 7 S RNA was shown to be partially complementary to Alu family DNA sequences (Weiner, A. (1980) Cell 22, 209-218). In the present study the nucleotide sequence of Novikoff hepatoma 7 S RNA was determined to be: (formula, see text) Comparison of 7 S RNA, Alu and B1 family DNA, and La 4.5 S RNA sequences for homologies showed that 1) one-third of 7 S RNA, mainly the 5'-end, was homologous to Alu and B1 family sequences; 2) one 300-nucleotide long Alu family sequence contained two binding sites for 7 S RNA; and 3) the 5'-ends of 7 S RNA and La 4.5 S RNA also had extensive (60%) homologies. A model for the secondary structure of 7 S RNA based on maximal base pairing and preferential nuclease cleavage sites is also presented. PMID- 6802849 TI - Basement membrane (type IV) collagen is a heteropolymer. AB - Type IV collagen was isolated in high yield from bovine kidney cortex. The protein revealed Mr = 380,000 and contained, in a 2:1 ratio, two different disulfide-linked polypeptide chains, C-1 and D-1 (Mr = 125,000). Carboxymethyl cellulose chromatography before and after reduction proved that the two polypeptide chains are arranged in a single triple helical molecule with the chain composition (C-1)2(D-1). The disulfide bridges appear to be located 180 amino acid residues from the NH2 terminus of the chains. PMID- 6802848 TI - Formation of lysophosphatidylinositol in platelets stimulated with thrombin or ionophore A23187. AB - In stimulated platelets phosphatidylinositol is degraded by a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C to 1,2-diacylglycerol which is then phosphorylated to phosphatidic acid. Thrombin stimulation of horse and human platelets prelabeled with [32P]orthophosphate induces the formation of [32P]lysophosphatidylinositol, suggesting that phosphatidylinositol is also degraded by a phospholipase of A type activity. Stimulation of platelets prelabeled with 32P or with 32P plus [3H]inositol produces a lysophosphatidylinositol which has a 32P-specific activity and a 3H/32P ratio which has a 32P-specific activity and a 3H/32P ratio identical with those of phosphatidylinositol. These results suggest that the lysophosphatidylinositol derives from phosphatidylinositol. Thrombin stimulation of platelets double label with 32P and [3H]arachidonate induces loss of [3H]arachidonate from phosphatidylinositol and formation of [32P]lysophosphatidylinositol, suggesting the involvement of a phospholipase A2 activity. Ionophore A23187 also induces the formation of lysophosphatidylinositol in horse and human platelets. With either stimulus, [32P]lysophosphatidylinositol appears within seconds after stimulation and parallels the loss of [3H]arachidonic acid from phosphatidylinositol. The lysophosphatidylinositol produced by thrombin or by ionophore A23187 represents 40% of the degraded phosphatidylinositol as assessed by lipid phosphorus. Quinacrine, which inhibits the liberation of arachidonic acid from phospholipids, also blocks the formation of lysophosphatidylinositol. The results presented here indicate that phosphatidylinositol is degraded by both phospholipases, C and A2, in stimulated platelets. PMID- 6802850 TI - Multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in liver microsomes from beta-naphthoflavone pretreated rats. Separation, purification, and characterization of five forms. AB - Five forms of cytochrome P-450 have been purified from liver microsomes of beta naphthoflavone-pretreated rats by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, DEAE cellulose, and hydroxylapatite or CM-Sepharose columns. Over 50% of the starting cytochrome P-450 content can be accounted for in these five forms after resolution on the DEAE-cellulose column, and after further purification, the combined total recovery is 30%. The five forms have the following Mr: 47,000, 50,500, 51,500, 53,500, and 56,500. The absorption maxima in reduced carbon monoxide difference spectra are 452.5, 449, 449, 447.5, and 447.5 nm, respectively. Antibody has been prepared in rabbits to each of the five forms; each antibody reacts with the antigen for which it was prepared, but not with the other four heterologous antigens. In addition, each form gives a unique peptide map pattern when partially digested with Staphylococcus aureus V-8 protease and electrophoresed in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. Each form also shows an individual pattern of catalytic activities when tested with benzphetamine, ethylmorphine, p-nitroanisole, benzo[alpha]pyrene, and 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrates. By all criteria examined, these five forms appear to be distinct forms of cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6802851 TI - Divalent cation modulation of fibronectin binding to heparin and to DNA. AB - Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein that binds to heparin and to DNA. The binding of tryptic fragments of human plasma fibronectin to these ligands is found to be highly dependent on the concentration of divalent cations. We have identified 3 types of binding to heparin. 1) Calcium-sensitive binding is inhibited by CaCl2, but not by MgCl2 or by MnCl2. The NH2-terminal 31,000-dalton fragment (fragment 23) has this type of binding, which is half-maximally inhibited by 3 to 4 mM CaCl2. 2) Divalent cation-sensitive binding is exhibited by a 75,000-dalton fragment (fragment 13); its binding is inhibited by all 3 divalent cations. 3) Divalent cation-insensitive binding is characteristic of a 95,000-dalton fragment (fragment 10) and larger fragments. These 3 fragments (fragments 10, 13, and 23) are not disulfide-bonded to other fragments. Specific tryptic fragments of fibronectin also bind readily to native DNA in the presence of EDTA, but the binding of all fragments is abolished by the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 or MgCl2. Our results indicate that the binding of specific domains of fibronectin to heparin or to DNA can be modulated by divalent cations. PMID- 6802852 TI - A study of gastric secretion in dogs using pilocarpine. AB - 1 Pilocarpine (40 microgram/min i.v.) stimulated acid and pepsin secretion from Heidenhain pouches but did not stimulate secretion from the innervated stomach. 2 Pilocarpine significantly increased acid secretion from the innervated main stomach after the vagal nerves were bilaterally blocked with lidocaine. 3 The effect of pilocarpine on secretion from the Heidenhain puch was depressed by ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium), by dopamine and by isoprenaline. 4 The stimulatory action of histamine on gastric secretion from either pouch or gastric fistulae was uninfluenced by dopamine. 5 The action of pilocarpine was augmented by the muscarinic ganglionic stimulant AHR 602. Considering this effect, as well as the secretory depression of isoprenaline, pilocarpine resembles pentagastrin rather than methacholine in its action. PMID- 6802853 TI - Voluntary school screening for scoliosis in Minnesota. AB - School screening for scoliosis is a well accepted technique for the early detection of spinal deformities. We reviewed the experience in Minnesota over the past eight years, with an average of one-quarter of a million children being screened yearly. Of the children screened, 3.4 per cent were referred for evaluation and scoliosis was found in 1.2 per cent. The number of children requiring operations for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis has diminished since 1970. The average curve for which a surgical procedure was done has also diminished from 60 to 42 degrees. The cost of the program is low, averaging 6.6 cents per student screened. This compares with a so-called time cost averaging thirty-five cents. Voluntary scoliosis screening in Minnesota is an efficient and cost-effective program. PMID- 6802854 TI - Treatment of acute osteomyelitis in childhood. AB - A protocol of treatment for acute haematogenous osteomyelitis has been evaluated in 75 children. Intravenous cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin were given in hospital until the child had improved after which oral antibodies and immobilisation were continued at home for a total of six weeks. Oral cloxacillin was used most frequently as Staphylococcus aureus was the major pathogen. Simple drainage of subperiosteal pus was carried out in the 17 children with clinical evidence of an abscess. Ninety-two per cent of the 55 children with acute osteomyelitis diagnosed early were cured by a single course of antibiotics without an operation and with less than one week in hospital. Only 25 per cent of the 12 children with late-diagnosed acute osteomyelitis were cured with a single course of antibiotics and an operation. A longer period in hospital, a prolonged course of antibiotics, and secondary operations were required to cure the other children. Seven (88 per cent) of the eight neonates and infants with acute osteomyelitis were cured with a single course of antibiotics and an operation with only one to two weeks spent in hospital. The remaining infant was cured with a further course of antibiotics. The overall cure rate with a single course of treatment was 83 per cent, and the remaining children were cured with further treatment. More children would be cured with a single course of antibiotics and immobilisation without the need for surgical intervention if treated was started within one or two days of the onset of the illness rather than after four to five days when the disease is more advanced with the formation of and abscess. PMID- 6802855 TI - On the dynamics of the microfilament system in HeLa cells. AB - We measured the pools of unpolymerized and filamentous actin in homogenates of HeLa cells made in several different lysis buffers, as well as after treatment of cells with a variety of chemicals or trypsin, and after adenovirus (type 2) infection. This was possible when a series of factors concerning the basic culture conditions were kept constant: e.g., serum type used, serum batch, cell density, time after subcultivation of cells, and buffering substance in the medium. Homogenates from untreated cells usually contain 35-45 percent of the total actin in an unpolymerized form. With some batches of cells this number can be as high as 50 percent. In sparse cultures (3 x 10(4) cell/cm(2)), HeLa cells contain approximately 10 pg actin/cell, while the corresponding number is only 5 pg in dense cultures (3 x 10(5) cells/cm(2)). Treatment of cells with cytochalasin B increases the pool of unpolymerized actin by approximately 30-40 percent, while colchicine decreases the fraction of unpolymerized actin by 20 percent. The oxidant diamide increases the filamentous actin pool 25-50 percent. Glucose, sodium azide, dinitrophenol, serum starvation, or thymidine treatment does not affect the distribution between unpolymerized and filamentous actin to any significant extent. Trypsin and EDTA induced rounding up of cells but did not change the actin distribution. The distribution of actin between G- and F-forms was unchanged after adenovirus infection. These results show that significant changes in the actin pools can be induced in nucleated cells. However, several treatments which alter the morphology and motility of cells are not accompanied by an alteration in the G-/F-actin ratio. PMID- 6802856 TI - Structural organization of actin in the sea urchin egg cortex: microvillar elongation in the absence of actin filament bundle formation. AB - We have investigated the relationship between the formation of actin filament bundles and the elongation of microvilli (MV) after fertilization in sea urchin eggs. In a previous study (1979, J Cell Biol. 83:241-248) we demonstrated that increased pH induced the formation of actin filaments in isolated sea urchin egg cortices with the concomitant elongation of MV. On the basis of these results we suggested that increased cytoplasmic pH after fertilization causes a reorganization of cortical actin, which in turn provides the force for MV elongation. To test this hypothesis, we compared the morphology of microvilli in eggs activated with and without the release of fertilization acid. Activation of eggs in normal sea water with the calcium ionophore A23187 causes the release of fertilization acid and the elongation of MV containing core bundles of actin filaments. Eggs activated with A23187 in NA(+)-free water do not undergo normal fertilization acid release but develop elongated, flaccid MV. These MV contain an irregular network of actin filaments rather than the parallel bundles of filaments found in normal MV. The addition of 40 mM NaCl to these eggs results in the release of H(+) and the concomitant conversion of flaccid MV to erect MV containing typical core bundles of actin filaments. Identical results are obtained when 10 mM NH(4)Cl is substituted for NaCl. The induction of cytoplasmic alkalinization in unactivated eggs with NH(4)Cl does not cause either MV elongation or the formation of actin filament bundles . These results suggest that: (a) the elongation of MV is stimulated by a rise in intracellular free Ca(++) concentration; (b) actin filament bundle formation is triggered by an increase in cytoplasmic pH; and (c) the formation of actin filament bundles is not necessary for MV elongation but is required to provide rigid support for MV. PMID- 6802857 TI - Quantification of ganglioside GM1 synthetase activity on intact chick neural retinal cells. AB - Neural retinal cells from 9-d-old chick embryos were assayed for uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose:ganglioside GM2 galactosyltransferase, or GM1 synthetase, activity using the oligosaccharide fragment of GM2, oligo-GM2, oligo GM2, as the exogenous acceptor. The results demonstrated that this enzyme activity was present on the external surfaces of intact cells. Little difference between the specific activities of cell surface GM1 synthetase could be detected when cells derived from dorsal and ventral segments of the neural retina were compared. These results suggested that this cell-surface enzyme was not present in a concentration gradient along the dorsoventral axis of the neural retina. PMID- 6802858 TI - Functional modification of the Chlamydomonas flagellar surface. AB - Chlamydomonas flagella exhibit force transduction in association with their surface. This flagellar surface motility is probably used both for whole cell gliding movements (flagella-substrate interaction) and for reorientation of flagella during mating (flagella-flagella interaction). The present study seeks to identify flagellar proteins that may function as exposed adhesive sites coupled to a motor responsible for their translocation in the plane of the plasma membrane. The principal components of the flagellar membrane are a pair of glycoproteins (approximately 350,000 mol wt), with similar mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gels. A rabbit IgG preparation has been obtained which is specific for these two glycoproteins; this antibody preparation binds to and agglutinates cells by their flagellar surfaces only. Treatment of cells with 0.1 mg/ml pronase results in a loss of motility-coupled flagellar membrane adhesiveness. This effect is totally reversible, but only in the presence of new protein synthesis. The major flagellar protein modified by this pronase treatment is the faster migrating of the two high molecular weight glycoproteins; the other glycoprotein does not appear to be accessible to external proteolytic digestion. Loss and recovery of flagella surface binding sites for the specific antibody parallels the loss and recovery of the motility-coupled flagellar surface adhesiveness, as measured by the binding and translocation of polystyrene microspheres. These observations suggest, but do not prove, that the faster migrating of the major high molecular weight flagellar membrane glycoproteins may be the component which provides sites for substrate interaction and couples these sites to the cytoskeletal components responsible for force transduction. PMID- 6802859 TI - The growth of large megakaryocyte colonies from human bone marrow. AB - The growth of large, compact megakaryocyte colonies in cultures of human bone marrow is promoted by fresh human plasma and medium conditioned by phyto hemagglutinin stimulated leukocytes (PHA-LCM). These colonies are typically composed of large cells with translucent cytoplasma, surrounded by a highly refractile border. In addition, they may also contain smaller cells of similar morphology. Independent of their size, all cells react positively with antibodies directed against human factor VIII antigen. The frequency of megakaryocyte colonies may vary for different individuals from 1-35 colonies per 10(5) mononuclear bone marrow cells. The observed linear relationships between the number of cultured cells and the frequency of colonies suggests a single cell origin. The described culture conditions also support the development of a larger megakaryocyte component within multilineage mixed colonies, so that it will now be feasible to investigate the mechanisms involved in directing pluripotent cells towards megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 6802860 TI - G-CSF: its relationship to leukemia differentiation-inducing activity and other hemopoietic regulators. AB - The murine myelomonocytic leukemia WEHI-3B exists as differentiation-inducible (D+) and noninducible (D-) cell lines. Both lines produce a CSF species that stimulates exclusively the formation of neutrophil granulocyte colonies. This G CSF copurifies with a mast cell growth factor but can be separated from M- and GM CSF. NZB bone marrow is unresponsive to G-CSF stimulation. WEHI-3B D+ cells can induced to terminal granulocyte differentiation by a factor present in murine and human postendotoxin serum that is different from G-CSF present in WEHI-3B D+ or D CM since the latter has little or no leukemia differentiation-inducing activity. Endotoxin treatment of C. parvum primed mice leads to simultaneous induction of serum activities with selective action on myeloid leukemic cells, a serum differentiation inducing activity and a leukemic colony inhibitory activity. These factors act synergistically to block leukemic stem cell self-renewal. The results suggest that a variety of inducible factors may have potent and selective antileukemic activity. PMID- 6802861 TI - Effects of isolation and culture on prostaglandin synthesis by porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells. AB - Freshly isolated neonatal porcine aortic tissue (smooth muscle with or without endothelium present) produced approximately 30 ng/mg wet tissue of 6-oxo prostaglandin F1 alpha (the stable hydrolysis product from prostacyclin) and approximately 15 ng/mg of prostaglandin E2, as measured by radioimmunoassay after 24 h incubation in culture medium. Primary cultures of porcine endothelial and smooth muscle cells (isolated by enzymic digestion of aortic tissue) exhibited the same pattern of prostaglandin production, but absolute values were greater than for fresh tissue, particularly in the case of endothelium. Subcultures of endothelium produced smaller amounts of prostaglandins, although the pattern remained similar. In contrast, subcultures of smooth muscle cells produced a greater total amount of prostaglandins than did primary cultures, and the main product was prostaglandin E2. Experiments with [14C] prostaglandin H2 or [14C]arachidonic acid confirmed that aortic tissue, cultured endothelium, and primary cultures or aortic smooth muscle cells synthesized prostacyclin, and demonstrated that subcultured smooth muscle cells enzymically isomerised prostaglandin H2 to prostaglandin E2. Kinetic studies showed that prostaglandin production by cultured vascular cells was transiently increased by subculture or changing the growth medium, and that production per cell declined with increasing cell density. The change in pattern of prostaglandin production during culture was shown to be due to a rapid decline in the rate of prostacyclin production (which apparently began immediately after tissue isolation), together with a more gradual rise in prostaglandin E2 production. These results indicate that the amounts and ratios of prostaglandins produced by vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells are greatly affected by the conditions used to isolate and culture the cells; vascular cells in vivo may similarly alter their pattern of prostaglandin production in response to local changes in their environment. PMID- 6802863 TI - The costs and effects of screening for cancer among asbestos-exposed workers. AB - Several million workers previously exposed to asbestos are at risk each year for developing asbestosis or cancer as a result of this exposure. We have reviewed the data on the general effectiveness of screening for the two most common cancers found in these workers (lung cancer and colo-rectal cancer) and have compared the relative benefits expected from screening workers for colon or lung cancer 10, 15, 20 or 25 yr after their initial exposure. Although lung cancer is common, there is little evidence at present that screening for this disease is effective in reducing mortality. Colon cancer is less common, there is more evidence that screening is effective, and the relatively high risk of dying from this disease in asbestos workers makes screening useful. The cost per additional year of life extended by screening is only a few hundreds of dollars, making colon cancer screening programs for asbestos workers considerably more cost effective than most other screening programs. We conclude that occupational safety agencies should consider implementing screening programs for colon cancer in workers exposed to asbestos over 10 yr ago. PMID- 6802862 TI - Effects of inhibitors of ornithine and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases on L6 myoblast proliferation. AB - The role of polyamines in myoblast proliferation was studied by treating cells of Yaffe's L6 line of rat myoblasts with inhibitors of polyamine synthesis. Both an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase--difluoromethyl-ornithine (DFMO)--and a competitive inhibitor of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase- methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG)--depressed spermidine levels and inhibited myoblast proliferation. Spermine levels were not significantly depressed by either inhibitor and putrescine levels were decreased only by DFMO. Putrescine and spermidine, but not magnesium, prevented inhibition of myoblast proliferation by DFMO and MGBG; determination of 14C-DFMO uptake in the presence and absence of these compounds demonstrated that they did not reduce the rate or extent of inhibitor uptake and thus prevent its inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase. Thus it seems likely that these inhibitors reduce cell proliferation by inhibiting polyamine formation. Addition of spermidine to the cells led to a substantial reduction in the activity of S-adenosyl-methionine decarboxylase, suggesting that the enzyme is subject to negative regulation by the products of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Unexpectedly, addition of spermidine also increased intracellular putrescine levels; this apparently resulted from conversion of spermidine to putrescine. Addition of putrescine or spermidine in the absence of serum did not increase the rate of myoblast proliferation although it did elevate intracellular polyamine levels as expected. We conclude that some threshold level of one or more polyamines (probably spermidine) is necessary but not sufficient for initiation and maintenance of myoblast proliferation in culture. PMID- 6802864 TI - Pathogenic role of a monoclonal IgA (kappa ) anti-IgG paraprotein associated with hemorrhagic diathesis, rheumatoid arthritis, vascular purpura, and acute membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Sixteen years earlier a 42-year-old woman with an IgA kappa plasma cell neoplasm presented with bleeding disorder. Her prolonged course was complicated by subsequent development of rheumatoid arthritis, vascular purpura, and an acute membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The paraprotein and its (Fab')2 fragment showed affinity for a test myeloma IgG2 (lambda ) paraprotein. The patient's serum and the IgA-IgG complex separated by gel filtration did not exhibit cryoprecipitation. The complex also did not dissociate by ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopic and immunofluorescent studies of a renal biopsy sample taken during the episode of nephritis showed subendothelial deposits and a lacy fluorescent pattern strongly positive for IgA and IgG. The same immunoglobulins were eluted from the kidney at postmortem. A low concentration of monoclonal IgA kappa (antibody) and excess unbound polyclonal IgG (antigen) were demonstrated in the patient's serum at the time of MPGN, apparently analogous to the conditions necessary for the induction of experimental immune complex nephritis. PMID- 6802865 TI - Hypoplasia of the nose and eyes, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in two males. AB - Two males, 9-11 and 29-31 years of age, with severe hypoplasia of the nose, hypoplasia of the eyes, sensory abnormalities of taste and smell, and hypogonadism were studied. The nasal septum, cribriform plates and foramina of the vomeronasal (vn) nerves were demonstrated in both; the capsule of the vn organ was shown in one. Their nasal skeleton, demonstrated by tomoradiography, had grown in early embryological form. The nose was not patent in either patient. In both, the cranial vaults, orbits, epipharynges, and oral cavities were indented toward the hypoplastic nasal composite and the peripheral dimensions of their faces were normal for their respective ages. Each patient had impaired visual function with cataracts and colobomata. Each was unable to recognize the smell of any vapor (Type I hyposmia), and had severe impairment of recognition of any tastant (recognition hypogeusia); detection of vapors and of tastants were in appropriate anatomical areas. Each was unable orally to recognize standard plastic forms (astereognosis) though each could recognize the forms manually. Each patient had bilateral inguinal hernias, one or two undescended testes, and hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. These patients do not fall within the spectrum of arrhinencephaly because of the presence of medial structure of attachment of the falx cerebri and because of their normal intelligence. Distinction of patients with this pattern of abnormalities from arrhinencephaly is important by reason of their potentiality of normal mental development. We hypothesize that their abnormalities resulted from an embryological disruption that occurred in the first trimester of pregnancy. The embryogenesis of the nasal composite is presumed to have been adequate for reciprocal induction of the anlagen of the forebrain. Development of their faces to normal peripheral dimensions indicates that the nasal composite is not essential for gross facial enlargement. PMID- 6802866 TI - Evaluation of the Phadebact Test for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The Phadebact Gonococcus Test (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Piscataway, N.J.) is used for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this test, boiled organisms are examined by using a 3-min coagglutination technique. A total of 313 isolates of Neisseria confirmed by the fluorescent-antibody technique or identified to the species level by the cysteine-tryptose agar utilization technique, were tested by the coagglutination technique. Of 229 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae, 13 (5.7%) were negative by the coagglutination technique on the first testing, 4 (1.7%) of which remained negative on subsequent testing after subculture. Of the 84 isolates of Neisseria other than N. gonorrhoeae, none showed a positive coagglutination reading. The Phadebact Gonococcus Test provides rapid, accurate identification for most isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. As with any new technique, standard procedures (fluorescent-antibody or cysteine-tryptose agar analysis or both) should be performed along with the new technique until laboratory workers are comfortable with the performance and interpretation of the test. We must, however, emphasize that it is very important to follow carefully the procedures outlined on the package insert. PMID- 6802867 TI - Identification of immunoglobulin heavy-chain isotypes of specific antibodies of horse 46 group B meningococcal antiserum. AB - Hyperimmune horse serum from a single animal (horse 46) immunized with group B (strain B-11) meningococcal vaccine provides a standardized, readily available diagnostic reagent used in primary isolation medium and for serogrouping of meningococci. Identification of the heavy-chain isotypes of specific anticapsular polysaccharide and anti-lipopolysaccharide isolated from horse 46 serum revealed a differential distribution in the occurrence of immunoglobulin classes. Meningococcal anticapsular antibodies of horse 46 serum were restricted predominately to the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class, with only trace amounts of IgGa present, whereas anti-lipopolysaccharide concomitantly produced showed a heterogeneity in its heavy-chain isotypes, consisting of IgM, IgGa, IgGb, moderate amounts of IgB, and a small amount of IgA. PMID- 6802868 TI - Simple immunodiffusion test for detecting antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serotype 1. AB - A simple immunodiffusion test for investigation of antibodies against Legionella pneumophila serotype 1 was developed. The comparison between the indirect immunofluorescence assay and the immunodiffusion technique gave a 98.6% correlation. All of the patients studied were serologically diagnosed by both procedures. PMID- 6802869 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa skin infections in persons using a whirlpool in Vermont. AB - Four guests at a ski resort in Vermont reported contracting a characteristic papular, pustular, or vesicular rash after using the resort's whirlpool. Pseudomonas aeruginosa serotype 1, bacteriophage type 86, was isolated from a pustule on one patient, water within the whirlpool, and the whirlpool diatomaceous earth filter. This appears to be the first outbreak of dermatitis associated with P. aeruginosa serotype 1. Previous reports of whirlpool associated dermatitis outbreaks have identified serotype 9 and 11 isolates of P aeruginosa as the causative agents. PMID- 6802870 TI - Isolation and cultivation of Haemophilus ducreyi. AB - A useful method for isolating and recognizing Haemophilus ducreyi from chancres and buboes of male patients is presented. A total of 41 clinical isolates of H. ducreyi were recovered from 33 patients over an 8-year period, and the experience with the 15 most recent isolates is presented in detail. Chocolate agar supplemented with 1% Iso VitaleX and 5% sheep blood agar were prepared, using Trypticase soy and Mueller-Hinton Agar bases, and incubation conditions included ambient, capneic, and anaerobic environments. Mueller-Hinton agar was clearly superior over Trypticase soy agar for isolation of H. ducreyi, although there was little difference between 5% sheep blood and supplemented chocolate agar. Growth in ambient air and under anaerobiasis was poor or lacking, whereas growth in 5 to 7% CO2 was good to luxuriant. Heat-inactivated and fresh (unheated)human blood clot tubes also were used for selective isolation. Although the rates of isolation from the two types of clot tube were not significantly different, unheated clot tubes were superior to heated clot tubes because of reduced level of contaminants. Gram stain characteristics taken from blood clot tubes and solid media, cellular and colonial morphology of the bacilli, and lack of oxidase, catalase, and biochemical activity except nitrate reductase were determinant factors. The results of this study demonstrated that successful isolation of H. ducreyi can be achieved with a minimal amount of resources and expertise. PMID- 6802871 TI - Passive hemagglutination test for detection of antibody to gonococcal ribosomal antigen in sera from patients with asymptomatic gonorrhea. AB - Ribosomal fractions were obtained from a culture of type 2 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain P-17 which was isolated from a patient with an acute gonococcal infection; these fractions were purified to eliminate the components of the outer membrane complex by affinity chromatography (Sepharose-anti-outer membrane complex antibody conjugates were used as the solid immunosorbent), and the resulting preparation was designated the purified ribosomal fraction, The purified ribosomal fraction was used to detect antibody activity in sera obtained from culture-positive asymptomatic carriers and healthy controls by a passive hemagglutination test. This passive hemagglutination test had a specificity of 100% for both sexes and sensitivities of 99.4 and 88.2% for female and male carriers, respectively, when an antibody titer of more than 1:3 was defined as abnormal. Absorption of the sera with nongonococcal organisms did not affect the antibody activity, and no significant difference in antigenicity among various N. gonorrhoeae strains was observed in ribosomal fractions. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was also used to measure the relative amounts of specific antibodies to the purified ribosomal fraction, and this assay revealed that the anti-purified ribosomal fraction antibodies were immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6802873 TI - Identification of light chain type bands in CSF and serum oligoclonal IgG from patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - The light (L) chain types (kappa and lambda) of oligoclonal IgG bands of matching CSF and serum from 10 MS patients were identified in immunofixation after isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. Each specimen showed 10-15 oligoclonal bands in pH region of 7.5-9.3. In 7 MS CSF and 5 sera a greater number of oligoclonal IgG bands were of kappa (kappa)-type whereas in 3 CSF and 2 sera the majority was of lambda (lambda)-type. In 3 sera a clearcut correlation of bands with either type of L chain was not observed due to diffuse staining background. Only a small number of oligoclonal IgG bands in 7 of 10 CSF and serum pairs had identical isoelectric points and the same type of L chain. The results show that the individual MS patient had oligoclonal IgG bands in serum, differ with respect to number, isoelectric point and L chain type from the oligoclonal IgG profile seen in the patient's CSF. PMID- 6802872 TI - Rapid micromethod for preparation of enzyme-antibody conjugates. AB - A rapid method is described for labeling antibody with alkaline phosphatase by one-step glutaraldehyde linkage. The method involves the centrifugation of a small volume of an enzyme and antibody mixture through a minicolumn packed with hydrated Sephadex. This procedure rapidly removes ammonium sulfate and glutaraldehyde from the enzyme-antibody mixture and results in the efficient recovery of conjugated antibody without significant dilution. PMID- 6802875 TI - Effects of carbon dioxide-oxygen inhalations on subjective anxiety and some neurovegetative parameters. AB - The immediate effects of double inhalations of a 35% CO2-65% O2 mixture were studied on 12 subjects, all of them undergraduate students. For placebo control double inhalations of compressed air were administered to the same experimental subjects. In comparison, CO2/O2 inhalations were found to provoke significantly stronger autonomic reactions, viz, drops in heart rate and diastolic blood pressure. Reduction in subjective feeling of anxiety was observed with both CO2/O2 and air intake. On this parameter of subjective feeling the order in which the treatments were received interacted with the gas variable, i.e. CO2/O2 and air. The occurrence of a carry-over effect was indicated: Subjects having taken the placebo before CO2/O2 showed lower SUD scores than did those treated reversely. PMID- 6802874 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of immunoglobulins in the inflammatory lesions of polymyositis. AB - Biopsy material from the muscles of 40 patients with either polymyositis or dermatomyositis was examined with the immunoperoxidase method to compare the distribution of immunoglobulin (Ig)-containing cells in the inflammatory infiltrates and elsewhere in the muscle tissue. Large numbers of IgG-positive and occasional IgM-positive cells were found in the infiltrates in 23 of these biopsies in contrast to the rather sparse representation of plasma cells. It is suggested that the Ig-containing cells may either represent local B-cell differentiation and proliferation or that the cells are involved in antibody dependent cell-mediated tissue damage. PMID- 6802876 TI - The effects of hyperventilation; individual variability and its relation to personality. AB - Self-reported affective and somatic disturbances and heart rate changes resulting from a brief period of voluntary hyperventilation are presented and related to individuals' Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (E.P.Q.) scores. Considerable individual variability was observed in the effects of hyperventilation. Neuroticism was significantly correlated with affective but not self-reported somatic or objectively measured heart rate changes. Other possible determinants of observed variability and its possible relevance to the etiology of panic attacks are discussed. PMID- 6802877 TI - Nitroglycerin stability: effects on bioavailability, assay and biological distribution. AB - The solution, absorptive, and adsorptive properties of nitroglycerin are related to problems encountered in the intravenous use of solutions of the drug and in its assay in biological tissues. Solutions of the drug in usual intravenous fluids are quite stable to hydrolysis under neutral conditions. Loss to plastic intravenous delivery set components by rapid adsorption and slower absorption processes present a significant clinical problem. Assay of the drug and its major metabolites is complicated by problems of extraction related to the solubility of nitroglycerin, its metabolites and substances in the plasma. Loss of nitroglycerin incubated with red blood cells is a very rapid process (half-life 4.0 min. at 10 ng/ml). The mechanism appears to be a physical process rather than an enzymatic one. The loss to blood cells and perhaps other biological materials should be considered in an analysis of the distribution of the drug. PMID- 6802878 TI - Failure of the fluorescent antibody reaction to identify penicillinase-producing gonococci. AB - The fluorescent antibody test is now widely used to confirm the identity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae but may fail to identify penicillinase-producing strains (PPNG). This problem arises when conjugates are used that incorporate only gonococci that are not penicillinase-producers. We have shown that conjugates prepared from mixtures of PPNG and non-penicillinase producing gonococci give good fluorescent reactions. This difference in the reactions of PPNG strains is clearly related to their penicillinase-producing abilities, further study of the antigenic relation between penicillinase production and the antigenic structure of N gonorrhoeae is evidently required. PMID- 6802879 TI - Effect of height and weight on the in vivo recovery of transfused factor VIII C. AB - The in vivo recovery of factor VIII has been estimated on 84 occasions in 53 severely affected adolescent haemophiliacs. There was wide individual variation in recovery, which was not affected by differences in the administered dose. Recovery increased steadily with increasing surface area, and it was only over a surface area of 1.7 m2 that a recovery of 2% of factor VIII per unit per kg became the norm. It is suggested that the only safe assumption to make below that surface area in an in vivo recovery of 1.5%. PMID- 6802880 TI - Use of buffered hypochlorite solution for disinfecting fibrescopes. AB - The possible use of sodium hypochlorite solution buffered to pH 7.6 and containing 100 ppm available chlorine (avCl) for disinfecting fibrescopes was investigated. A flexible fibrescope experimentally contaminated with Pseudomonas putida, Mycobacterium fortuitum, or Bacillus subtilis spores was effectively disinfected within 10 m in repeatedly and without any observable adverse effect on the instrument. The corrosive nature of buffered hypochlorite was investigated by immersing various fibrescope components and metal wires in solutions of different strength for long periods and examining them for damage. Stainless steel, platinum, glass, Teflon, polythene and epoxy resin were apparently unaffected whereas polyurethane, rubber and other metals tested were damaged to different extents. Buffered hypochlorite solutions may have many applications pertaining to the disinfection of items which are either thermolabile or require rapid effective disinfection. PMID- 6802882 TI - Bumetanide-induced diuresis and natriuresis: effect of prostaglandin synthetase inhibition. AB - The effects on the renal actions of bumetanide of two inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indomethacin, were studied in eight normal adults. Indomethacin alone resulted in a significant decrease in FENa compared to the control period. Bumetanide alone resulted in increases in urine volume, FENa, and plasma renin activity. Both ASA and indomethacin blunted the increases in urine volume and sodium excretion, although the inhibition by indomethacin was greater than that of ASA. In addition, indomethacin completely inhibited the bumetanide-induced increase in plasma renin activity. No consistent relationship between these effects and urinary prostaglandin E2 or F excretion was noted. These studies indicate that prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may interfere with the effects of bumetanide. PMID- 6802883 TI - The relative efficacy of l-deprenyl, a selective monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor, in endogenous and nonendogenous depression. PMID- 6802881 TI - Characterisation of Liver membrane autoantibodies determined by indirect immunofluorescence. AB - Indirect immunofluorescence studies were performed using sera and IgG-Fab2 fragments from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) who were positive for a liver membrane antibody (LMA). The specificity was investigated using hepatocytes from humans as well as rabbit, rat, guinea pig and monkey. Only sera also positive for smooth muscle antibody gave staining of lymphocytes and absorption with F-actin from rabbit muscle abolished this as well as all other smooth muscle staining without influencing LMA. It was concluded that LMA, routinely detected by indirect immunofluorescence using rabbit hepatocytes, represents specific binding to non-species-specific membrane antigens which are normal constituents of human hepatocytes. The antigen is separately located, and not cross-reactive with F-actin. PMID- 6802884 TI - Laminar origin of cortical neurons which project upon the caudate nucleus: a horseradish peroxidase investigation in the cat. AB - The horseradish peroxidase method was used to study the cortical projections upon the caudate nucleus in the cat. The cells of origin of the corticostriatal projection arise from both the supragranular (II and III) and infragranular (V and VI) cortical layers, in contrast to all other known corticofugal pathways to subcortical structures, which appear to arise only from the infragranular layers. This finding has been verified in the present study by several novel surgical procedures, which include direct injections into the caudate nucleus, after the overlying tissues have been removed. The present study also shows that there is a truly widespread distribution of the cells contributing to the corticostriatal projection. Some portion of every neocortical gyrus contains labeled cells, though their relative numbers vary greatly. Also, simple topographical relationships are maintained, but there is much overlap. In addition, present findings show that the corticostriatal projection is strikingly bilateral and originates from regions which are homotopic to the ipsilateral projection. PMID- 6802886 TI - The role of nest-building activity of gonadotrophin secretions and the reproductive success of ring doves (Streptopelia risoria). AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the intricate relations between prelaying nest-building activity and preovulatory hormonal changes, and the effects of these events on breeding success. Pairs of ring doves were allowed to go through a complete breeding cycle under four conditions of nest-building opportunity. Nest were self-made, pre-made, pre-made and covered, or removed daily to generate various levels of building activity. Behavioral and hormonal changes were observed throughout the cycle. Blood levels of gonadotrophins were monitored by daily measurements with the method or radioimmunoassay. A depression of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) typically was associated with every preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH); an LH surge not accompanied by a FSH dip was not followed by ovulation. Moreover, the FSH depression was significantly correlated with the level of nest-building activity. These findings led to the proposal that nest-building activity stimulated preovulatory FSH change and, hence, ovulation. The constructed nest in turn appeared to promote incubation behavior. These results are discussed in the context of breeding success. PMID- 6802885 TI - The adhesion of human and bovine isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) to bovine mammary gland epithelial cells. PMID- 6802887 TI - Error analysis for the determination of cerebral blood flow with the continuous inhalation of 15O-labeled carbon dioxide and positron emission tomography. AB - The inhalation of C15O2 can be used for determining local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) using a quantitative model. The determination of LCBF in three dimensions using positron emission tomography (PET) involves errors due to counting statistics, data manipulation, and the estimation of parameters in the mathematical model. This work examines error propagation and its relation to the radiation dose to the subject's lungs. An expression has been derived for the root mean square uncertainty in LCBF as a function of LCBF, the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of PET instrument, the normal variability in the brain-blood partition coefficient for water, and absorbed radiation dose to the subject's lungs. The error in LCBF increases as CBF increases. At a normal cortical LCBF of 80 ml/100 g-m and a PET instrument with a 1.65 cm FWHM resolution, and a 46,000 cps per microCi/g sensitivity per slice, an error (coefficient of variation) of 5% results from an inhaled activity of 250 mCi, resulting in a lung dose of 5 rads, the maximum permissible dose allowed. For a more acceptable dose of 1.2 rads, the error is 7%. At a higher resolution (0.8 cm FWHM) and lower sensitivity (15,000 cps per microCi/g per slice), errors become on the order of 28% for a lung dose of 1.2 rads. Errors due to other factors such as blood sample counting, and instrument cross calibration can be virtually eliminated by proper technical strategies. This consideration of error and its relation to radiation dose is important for the application of this inhalation technique for the quantification of LCBF. PMID- 6802888 TI - Upper gastrointestinal diverticula. PMID- 6802889 TI - Computed tomography of posterior longitudinal ligament ossification: its appearance and diagnostic value with special reference to thoracic lesions. AB - An earlier review of the lateral chest radiographs of 8,610 Hiroshima and Nagasaki Adult Health Study subjects revealed 48 persons with posterior longitudinal ligament ossification (PLLO) in the thoracic region. Seven additional PLLO cases detected outside that observation period brought the total to 55. Among them, 15 patients with neurological signs and/or the greatest degree of thoracic PLLO were selected for computed tomography (CT) of the spine in the present study. Computed tomography proved extremely valuable in identifying the location, shape, and severity of PLLO. In two cases, CT differentiated some lesions previously regarded to be PLLO as actually due to hypertrophic margins of vertebral bodies. Possible explanations are included for the development of the laminated or tandem type PLLO, and PLLO that is located laterally rather than in midline. PMID- 6802890 TI - Distribution of Langerhans cells in normal and carcinogen-treated mucosa of buccal pouches of hamsters. AB - The distribution of Langerhans cells in normal and carcinogen-treated mucosa of buccal pouches of hamsters was studied. Decrease in density and in focal aggregates of Langerhans cells and loss of their complex dendritic networks were found in carcinogen-treated mucosa. PMID- 6802891 TI - Anaplastic carcinoma in the buccal pouches of hamsters as a model of oral cancer. AB - An anaplastic model of oral cancer has been developed by abdominal transplantation of carcinomas induced in buccal pouches of hamsters by DMBA. The transplanted tumors were replanted abdominally through five generations. The original carcinomas of the buccal pouch became stable in the abdomen after two generations of such transplantations and could thereafter be retransplanted intraperitoneally with 100% of success, as well as being transferable again to the buccal pouches of hamsters, where they were capable of being maintained as an oral model for anaplastic epidermoid carcinoma. PMID- 6802892 TI - The Minnesota dental insurance program for senior citizens: two-year results for the utilization of dental services. PMID- 6802894 TI - Elephantiasis neuromatosa in von Recklinghausen's disease. A review and case report. PMID- 6802895 TI - In vitro effects of acephate on carbonic anhydrase activity in the blood and gills of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri. AB - Acephate, a water-soluble organophosphate pesticide used to control terrestrial insect pests, may enter aquatic ecosystems in the course of its use and adversely affect fish populations. The in vitro effects of this insecticide on gill and red blood cell (RBC) carbonic anyhdrase (CA) activity in rainbow trout were investigated over a range of 100 mg/1 (0.55 mM) to 50,000 mg/l (273 mM) to assess the manner in which acephate might affect respiratory capacity in exposed fish. Concentrations required to produce 50% inhibition of CA activity in the gill and RBC preparations were 38,000 mg/l (207 mM) and 8,900 mg/l (48 mM) respectively. The toxic action of acephate may be related to inhibition of CA activity in the blood and gills with resultant disturbances of respiratory capacity and salt balance. PMID- 6802893 TI - Methacholine bronchial challenge in children. AB - Methacholine sensitivity was evaluated in 166 young subjects who had normal resting spirometric values but who presented problems suggesting lower airways hyperreactivity. Fifty-eight patients (35%) did not have significant sensitivity. The diagnosis of asthma was excluded in this subgroup. Forty-one patients (25%) had mild methacholine sensitivity, 49 (30%) had moderate sensitivity, and 18 (11%) had extreme methacholine sensitivity. Many patients who reacted had chief complaints of cough, bronchitis, or other low respiratory-tract symptoms and did not complain of wheezing. Methacholine challenge helped to clarify appropriate therapy in these individuals. One-year follow-up of these patients showed most patients to be continuing the therapeutic regimen that had been prescribed initially. Methacholine bronchoprovocation was a useful adjunct to management of this large outpatient population of children and young adults and deserves attention as a procedure relevant to patients care, not solely as an investigational test. PMID- 6802896 TI - Effect of aging on respiratory responses to CO2 and inspiratory resistive loads. AB - We studied 10 elderly individuals over 60 years of age and 18 individuals less than 30 years to determine whether aging affects the response of the respiratory control system to chemical stimuli or to altered mechanical conditions. Both groups consisted of males and females who were nonsmokers. Ventilation and the isometric force developed by the inspiratory muscles (occlusion pressure) was assessed during hypercapnia while the subjects breathed under control conditions or through a load at the mouth that increased inspiratory resistance. Ventilation responses to progressively increasing CO2 were lower but not significantly so in the older group. There were significant differences in ventilatory pattern in the two groups. However, occlusion pressure responses to hypercapnia and to resistive loads were the same. The results suggest that aging has little or no adverse effect on respiratory control. PMID- 6802897 TI - [A study of the action of Noxythiolin injected " in situ" in the mucosa of the tube and in the peritoneum in the rabbit (author's transl)]. PMID- 6802898 TI - Drosophila melanogaster populations selected for resistance to NaCl and CuSo4 in both allopatry and sympatry. PMID- 6802899 TI - Mating propensities and variations in enzyme activities in long-term cage populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Environment-dependent reproductive isolation was established between cage populations (Bs) of Drosophila melanogaster originated from a Greek natural population (summer 1973) and maintained for about five years under different diets (poor-rich). The detected deviation from random mating involved no homogametic or heterogametic preference but rather, a significantly increased activity of males from populations maintained on the rich food medium. This observation indicates that the male parental investment is not negligible and under certain conditions sexual isolation can be a function not only of female behavior but also of male behavior. Differences also were found in various enzyme activities on the inter- and intra-population levels. Given those observations as well as the observed different behavioral patterns of Bs and Cs-Ds populations 19, a preliminary attempt was made to associate adaptive evolution with differences in enzyme activities. The differences in enzyme activities between populations reared on different media are not due to allozymic differences. It also was shown that in some populations environmental effects do not always elicit differences in enzyme activity. It was concluded, therefore, that the observed variations were the result of environmental effects interacting with modifier genes. PMID- 6802900 TI - A simple reliable method for producing electron dense markers of uniform size for use in immunoelectron microscopy. AB - A method is presented for the preparation of electron dense markers of defined size for use in immunoelectron microscopy, The electron dense markers were formed by the covalent binding of rabbit IgG and horse spleen ferritin mediated by glutaraldehyde. We demonstrated that the conjugate size, i.e. the number of ferritin grains per unit conjugate, was directly related to the time of incubation at 4 degrees C in a 1000 molar excess of glutaraldehyde. Conjugates were separated on the basis of molecular size by Sepharose 4B column chromatography. Three different sized conjugates were used to delineate pseudomonas toxin receptors on the surface of mouse LM fibroblasts; similar numbers of receptors were observed with all conjugates. PMID- 6802902 TI - Immunomodulatory effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. PMID- 6802901 TI - Evaluation of a microfluorometer in immunofluorescence assays of individual spores of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus. AB - A microfluorometer was constructed by modifying a standard fluorescent microscope with a fibre optic eyepiece and a simple photometric system. It was evaluated in direct immunofluorescence assays of Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus spores immobilised on multispot microscope slides. From measurements of stable fluorescent crystals comparable in size to the spores, it was inferred that the fluorescence intensity of a stained bacterium could be measured with good precision. Fluctuation of a exciting light from a mercury vapour lamp did not contribute significantly to the distribution of fluorescence measurements obtained when samples of 20 spores were assessed. Attempts to correlate spore size with fluorescence intensity suggest that spore fluorescence does not increase in a 1 : 1 ratio with surface area; it is therefore possible that the density of antigenic sites on the surface decreases with increasing spore size. It is concluded that differences in the observed fluorescence of individual spores truly reflect differences in fluorescent antibody binding, but the relative contribution of antigenic variability and of artefacts of the staining procedure remain unknown. PMID- 6802903 TI - Effect of epidermal polyamine depletion on the accumulation of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in mouse skin. AB - A systemic or topical treatment of mice with alpha-difluoromethylornithine, and irreversible inhibitor of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase, produced a rapid depletion of epidermal putrescine and spermidine. When methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), another inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis and a potent antiproliferative agent, was subsequently administered the epidermal concentration of the latter drug rose distinctly higher than without a prior difluoromethyl ornithine treatment. The combined use of these 2 antimetabolites of polyamines also profoundly depressed epidermal DNA synthesis, especially in UV irradiated skin. A "priming" with difluoromethyl ornithine may therefore offer a means to enhance the epidermal accumulation of otherwise poorly absorbed methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone). PMID- 6802904 TI - Epidermal-dermal junction during experimental skin carcinogenesis and cocarcinogenesis as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. AB - During epidermal carcinogenesis important changes in the epidermal-dermal junction take place. Because of methodological difficulties may be these changes, especially those concerned with three-dimensional organization of the junction, remain unsatisfactorily investigated. To obtain new information, we studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) the development of carcinogenic changes in the epidermis of mice induced by DMBA-TPA, DMBA alone, and by the cocarcinogen TPA alone. We correlated the results with those from transmission electron microscopy and light microscopy. Although the epidermal changes morphologically showed similarities, biologically they differed. With them, distinct changes in the epidermal-dermal junction developed, that could be followed through early, hyperplastic and neoplastic phases. With the SEM the first changes were seen in the basal layer of the epidermis and concerned the cell arrangement. SEM provided information about the localization and development of incipient epidermal carcinomas induced by DMBA-TPA and DMBA treatment, as well as about the changes in the basal lamina. These can be classified by their surface, their extent and their frequency throughout large regions. Our studies indicate that these changes vary greatly, depending upon the treatment used and the time of their development. Only the progressive disintegration of the basal lamina is characteristic of carcinogenesis. PMID- 6802908 TI - Parenteral nutrition complicated by candidiasis. PMID- 6802906 TI - Constant infusions vs. intermittent doses of gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. AB - Comparative studies were performed in vitro to test the advocated superiority of infusion over intermittent injection of aminoglycosides. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was exposed to constant and to continuously decreasing (simulating in vivo kinetics) concentrations of gentamicin. In comparing the effect with similar area under-the-concentration-vs.-time curves, a substantial difference in killing and regrowth could not be demonstrated. Regrowth occurred only when the gentamicin concentration had continuously decreased below one fourth of the minimal inhibitory concentration for greater than 2 hr. Exposure of P. aeruginosa to gentamicin for 30 min was followed by persistent suppression of bacterial regrowth for 1.4-1.9 hr. Thus, intermittent exposure of P. aeruginosa to gentamicin is as effective as constant exposure in vitro. The demonstrated persistent postantibiotic effect might cover in part the periods between intermittent doses of gentamicin in vivo as well as in vitro. PMID- 6802905 TI - Ultrastructural, histochemical, and biochemical studies of the melanin metabolism in eye and skin of pallid mice. AB - The hair follicles and the eyes of pallid mice (C57/6J-Pa/Pa) and those of black mice (C57/6J-+/Pa) were examined ultrastructurally, histochemically, and biochemically to determine the cause of pigment dilution. The pigment cells in the hair follicles and the eyes of pallid mice have less mature melanosomes than those of black mice. In the hair follicles the pallid melanosomes were transferred into keratinocytes and became aggregated. In the eyes they were already aggregated within the pigment cells and were digested in acid phosphatase positive lysosomes. The activity of acid phosphatase, a marker of lysosomal enzymes was significantly higher in pallid hair follicles and eyes than in black hair follicles and eyes. Dopa reactions at light and electron microscopical level indicated that the pigment cells in each tissue produced a large amount of Dopa oxidase when compared with those in each black counterpart. However, the rate of hydroxylation of L-tyrosine-3,5-3H was significantly lower in the pallid eyes than in black eyes, while this rate was significantly higher in pallid hair follicles than in black hair follicles. Immediate digestion of melanosomes within the pigment cells, i.e., autophagocytosis, seemed to explain the low activity in the pallid eyes. The diluted coat and eye colors of pallid mice are, therefore, not related to low Dopa oxidase activity but to immaturity of melanosomes and high activities of lysosomal enzymes; these enzymes seem to digest many of these immature melanosomes and contribute to the diluted coat and eye colors of pallid mice. PMID- 6802907 TI - In vitro sensitivity of Rickettsia rickettsii to doxycycline. PMID- 6802909 TI - Immunoprophylaxis of non-B hepatitis (hepatitis A and non-A non-B hepatitis). PMID- 6802910 TI - [Study on anterior-pituitary function during pregnancy and puerperium by radioimmunoassay of human FSH-subunits (author's transl)]. AB - In order to observe the anterior pituitary function of pregnant women in terms of FSH secretion, specific and sensitive radioimmunoassays for human FSH-alpha and beta subunits were utilized for this study. Blood levels of hFSH-alpha during pregnancy increase acutely and the values of the subunits are as follows: 428.0 +/- 92.64 ng/ml (mean +/- SE., 5-10 weeks of gestation), 962.8 +/- 132.5 ng/ml (11-20 weeks), 1889.0 +/- 137.60 ng/ml (21-30 weeks), 2959 +/- 323.40 ng/ml (31 40 weeks). After child delivery, serum levels of hFSH-alpha decreased to 22.92 ng/ml. In contrast, blood levels of hFSH-beta were not altered significantly through gestation. hFSH-beta subunits: 1.97 +/- 0.74 ng/ml (5-10 weeks of gestation), 2.66 +/- 0.52 ng/ml (11-20 weeks), 2.27 +/- 0.52 ng/ml (21-30 weeks), 2.07 +/- 0.37 ng/ml (31-40 weeks), respectively. PMID- 6802911 TI - [Measurement of serum ferritin by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay: results in normal female subjects of various ages (author's transl)]. AB - Determination of ferritin in serum is valuable for assessing the body iron stores. We have developed a sandwich type enzyme immunoassay for ferritin in human serum and measured serum ferritin concentrations in 179 presumably normal female subjects aged 20 to 88 years. 1) An antibody F (ab')-immobilized solid phase was first allowed to react with ferritin and then the antibody Fab'-beta-D galactosidase complex was reacted with the ferritin on the solid-phase. The enzymatic activity bound to the solid-phase was measured by use of 4 methylumbelliferyl beta-D-galactoside as a substrate. 2) An useful range of the assay was from 1 to 100 ng/ml, and the assay was as sensitive as radioimmunoassay. Analytical recoveries of various amounts of ferritin were in the range of 95 to 100%. Between-assay and within-assay coefficients of variation were less than or equal to 12%. The correlation coefficients between values determined by our enzyme immunoassay and two commercially available radioimmunoassay kits (SPAC, GammaDab) were both 0.97. 3) Logarithmic mean values (+/- ISD) of serum ferritin determined by our enzyme immunoassay in 160 normal female subjects were as follows: women 20 to 49 years old, 18.9 (9.2-38.7) ng/ml; women 50 to 59 years old, 36.1 (15.5-84.2) ng/ml; women over 60 years old, 59.2 (31.7-110.8) ng/ml. Twenty six percent of the female subjects aged 20 to 49 years an six percent aged over 60 years showed less than 10 ng/ml levels of serum ferritin, indicating the deficiency of storage iron. PMID- 6802912 TI - [T4, T3, T3 resin uptake, TBG and free T4 levels for thyroid functions in normal and molar pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - The production of TBG in liver increases during pregnancy. The thyroid stimulating substance is also suggested to exist in molar pregnancy. We have studied the thyroid functions with T4, T3, T3 resin uptake, TBG, free T4, TSH, HCG, TBG binding capacity and T4 binding by TBG in non-pregnant women, pregnant women and molar pregnant women. T4 and T3 levels were high during pregnancy and remarkably elevated in mole. TBG levels were 49.0 +/- 5.1/micrograms/ml in 3rd. trimester, which were 2.6 times higher than non-pregnant women and 38.4 +/- 8.4 micrograms/ml in mole. Res-O-Mat T3 values distributed within normal levels in 1st trimester and mole and higher in 3rd. trimester. Free T4 indices were almost normal during pregnancy and 2.4 times higher in mole. Free T4 levels, measured with dialysis and RIA, were slightly low during pregnancy but remarkably high in mole. Basal TSH levels were within normal range for these subjects. Beta-HCG levels in mole were greatly in excess of peak concentrations that were seen at 9 13 weeks of normal pregnancy. The significant correlations of beta-HCG with T4, T3 and free T4 index were found in mole, with coefficient of r = 0.691, 0.687, 0.644 respectively. The correlations of beta-HCG with free T4 and TBG were also suggested in mole. The levels of T4 binding by TBG were remarkably elevated for incremental TBG in mole, which pattern was particular for thyroid hyperfunction. From the above results, we considered that euthyroidism is sustained during pregnancy and thyroid stimulating substance existed in mole. That substance is probably HCG, which is remarkable elevated in mole. PMID- 6802913 TI - [The double contrast hysterography using CO2 insufflation (author's transl)]. AB - The double contrast hysterography, which was performed by the continuous CO2 insufflation with the ordinary HSG, was applied to 162 infertile patients. Forty nine of 162 patients showed the abnormal findings by this method. Hysteroscopic or histological examinations revealed that 26 of these patients had hyperplasia, 15 had polyp, 2 had myoma and 1 had intrauterine foreign body. When these results were compared with those obtained by ordinary HSG, it was found that the double contrast hysterography would be more useful to investigate the detailed intrauterine changes such as hyperplasia or polyp than the ordinary HSG, and, therefore, would be a useful aid in the clinical care. PMID- 6802914 TI - Degradation of amyloid by a serum component and inhibition of degradation. AB - ADA of human serum was demonstrated and investigated with an agar gel diffusion technique using amyloid-impregnated agar plates. Sera of 20 healthy adults, 40 patients with AA-amyloidosis, and 86 nonamyloidotic patients were tested. The presence of an ADF, showing enzymatic properties and strongly bound to albumin, was demonstrated in normals and amyloidotic and nonamyloidotic patients. ADA in the serum of amyloidotic and cirrhotic patients was markedly decreased due to the presence of an inhibitor of ADF. ADA of amyloidotic sera was restored to normal by EDTA, citric acid, and ascorbic acid. The ADA of 16 FMF patients and four of 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis without amyloidosis was intermediate between normal and amyloidotic values, indicating the presence of lADF at low concentrations in these patients. These findings suggest that amyloid is a normal protein metabolite, possibly with a high metabolic turnover. Accumulation of amyloid may be caused by decrease of the ADA of the serum by its inhibitor, rather than by accelerated production. PMID- 6802915 TI - A safe and cost effective method of colon resection. PMID- 6802916 TI - A flexible system for closed-loop ventilator development. AB - The feasibility of using a microcomputer to regulate the delivery of artificial ventilation was investigated experimentally. To carry out this study, a sampled data proportional, integral, derivative feedback controller was implemented on a commercial microcomputer and interfaced with a digital/analogue model of a prototype ventilator and two-compartment patient. The microcomputer sampled end tidal CO2 and calculated a new frequency of ventilation from the difference of end-tidal CO2 and a desired set point value. Use of a microcomputer programmable in BASIC allowed easy manipulation of feedback structure. With the proper choice of feedback constants, the microcomputer was able to maintain end-tidal CO2 at a desired set point. PMID- 6802917 TI - Ovarian follicular development leading to first ovulation and accompanying gonadotrophin levels as studied in the unilaterally ovariectomized rat. AB - Ovarian follicular development was studied in the rat during a 15-day period preceding first ovulation. Ovaries were obtained by unilateral ovariectomy performed at various ages and the rats were allowed to live until the day after first ovulation. The timing of this ovulation was compared with that in unoperated, paired control rats of the same age. For estimation of gonadotrophin levels, blood was taken from the paired control rats at the time when experimental rats were unilaterally ovariectomized. There was no evidence that unilateral ovariectomy had any influence on the timing of first ovulation. Therefore the ovaries obtained could be dated in relation to first ovulation, and follicular growth during the final prepubertal period could thus be studied in a genuine developmental sequence. Results revealed that follicular growth leading to first ovulation starts at +/- 8 days before this ovulation; follicular processes taking place are comparable to those found during the adult 5-day cycle but proceed more slowly. Gonadotrophin concentrations accompanying the follicular dynamics and measured at 11.00 h, showed a clear tendency for FSH concentrations to decrease with increasing age, i.e. approaching first ovulation. Concentrations of LH did not show a definite pattern and were generally low, although in some individual rats relatively high LH values ( greater than 100 micrograms/l) were found in the period of 5-3 days before first ovulation. PMID- 6802921 TI - Photoperiodism in quail: testicular growth and maintenance under skeleton photoperiods. AB - Testicular growth was induced in quail which were exposed to a skeleton photoperiod that included a pulse of light given during the dark period (night interruption). The minimum duration of the pulse inducing testicular growth was 3.75 min per day. Longer pulses induced greater rates of growth, and of LH and FSH secretion; maximum rates occurred with a night-interruption of 60 min. Pulses even shorter than 3.75 min maintained testicular function in previously photostimulated quail. A night-interruption of 14s maintained full testicular size and hormone secretion in four out of six quail, and with 56s no regression whatsoever occurred. The rate of testicular growth was largely independent of the duration of the main light period used in the skeleton treatment. The light intensity within the night-interruption also affected the degree of testicular development and gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 6802918 TI - Pituitary and plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in male and female rabbit fetuses. AB - To study the ontogenesis of fetal pituitary gonadotrophin synthesis and release, LH and FSH were measured by radioimmunoassay in fetal rabbit pituitary glands and blood of both sexes from day 18 of gestation until birth. Results on levels of testicular and plasma testosterone were also included. Immunoreactive LH was first detected on day 19 in the pituitary gland and on day 20 in the plasma of fetuses of both sexes. Pituitary FSH was first measurable in both male and female fetuses at 24 days of gestation. Levels of FSH could not be detected in the blood of male fetuses at any time during gestation. In females, FSH could be measured in the circulation from day 27 of gestation until birth. These results show that (1) the ontogeny of pituitary LH and the onset of testosterone secretion are closely correlated and take place between 18 and 20 days of gestation just before the beginning of differentiation of the male genital tract, and (2) the highest concentrations of pituitary LH and FSH are observed, in both sexes, in late gestation after days 24-25. PMID- 6802920 TI - Normal function of extra-adrenal chromaffin tissues in the young rabbit and guinea-pig. AB - An attempt has been made to determine the relative functional activities of adrenal and extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue during the neonatal phase and up to 1 week of age using young rabbits and guinea-pigs whose main extra-adrenal abdominal para-aortic chromaffin bodies are respectively non-innervated and innervated. Amine synthesis and storage were followed by assay and autoradiography after a single intraperitoneal injection of L-[2,5,6-3H]DOPA and the findings correlated with amine content as assessed by high performance liquid chromatography and by volume of tissue. The results indicate that in the guinea pig, in spite of differences in proportions of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the adrenal gland and para-aortic body (PAB), the loss of labelled catecholamines from the innervated PAB closely follows that from the adrenal medulla, suggesting that both participate in normal sympathoadrenal activity. By comparison, in the rabbit the PAB shows only a minimal decreased labelled amine during the first week of life during which period the amine content and concentration of the PAB doubles: the functional significance of this non-innervated extra-adrenal chromaffin tissue, which persists throughout life, has still to be determined. PMID- 6802922 TI - Regeneration from duplicating fragments of the Drosophila wing disc. AB - It is a general rule that of two complementary Drosophila imaginal disc fragments, one regenerates and the other duplicates. This paper reports an investigation of an exception to this rule. Duplicating fragments from the periphery of the wing disc which lacked presumptive notum were found to regenerate notum structures during and after duplication. The propensity for this was greatest in fragments lying close to the presumptive notum, with the exception of a fragment confined to the posterior compartment, which did not regenerated notum. Structures were added sequentially, and regeneration stopped once most of the notum was present. These results are not easily explained by the polar coordinate model, which states that regeneration cannot occur from duplicating fragments. Since compartments appear to be involved in this type of regeneration as in others, it is suggested that a new type of model is required, one which permits simultaneous regeneration and duplication, and assigns a major role to compartments. PMID- 6802919 TI - Effects of single injections of bovine follicular fluid on gonadotrophin concentrations throughout the oestrous cycle of the rat. AB - A single injection of steroid-free bovine follicular fluid (bFF), which contains inhibin-like activity, was given to adult female rats at 09.00 h on dioestrus-2 (the day after metoestrus), dioestrus-3, pro-oestrus or oestrus. peripheral concentrations of gonadotrophins were measured at 2-h intervals after injection. Compared with values in control animals treated with bovine plasma, injection of bFF did not influence concentrations of LH. In contrast, at all days studied injection of bFF resulted in suppressed concentrations of FSH, during a period which started between 4 and 10 h after injection and lasted 4-12 h, depending on the day of the cycle. With the exception of pro-oestrus, the period of suppression was followed by one in which fluctuating levels of FSH were found; in general, resulting levels were higher though not significantly increased. This latter effect was most pronounced on dioestrus-2 and dioestrus-3, when levels of FSH, which were already low in control animals, were first suppressed during the 6 h after injection of bFF. These data, in conjunction with results from an earlier study in rats at dioestrus-1, showed that administration of bFF induces a fast and selective suppression of FSH secretion on all days of the cycle. This period of suppression was followed by one with fluctuating levels of FSH which showed a tendency to be higher, indicating that disturbances in FSH secretion, such as are caused by bFF, can be compensated for quickly. In this way the process of follicular maturation might be protected. PMID- 6802923 TI - Staging the metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - A sequence of 51 visible changes is described during the course of metamorphosis in Drosophila melanogaster, and a series of 24 convenient stages is defined for use in the experimental analysis and exploitation of this part of the insect life cycle. The duration of each stage is estimated and times are suggested for batch collections of symphasic animals. PMID- 6802924 TI - Augmentation of spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis by eosinophil peroxidase. AB - Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), a cationic protein purified from horse blood, adhered to four different types of tumor cells, markedly potentiating their lysis by preformed or enzymatically generated H(2)0(2) (up to 76-fold, as assayed in serum-containing tissue culture medium without supplemental halide). Similarly, compared with uncoated tumor cells, EPO-coated tumor cells were up to 32 times more sensitive to lysis when incubated with macrophages or granulocytes whose respiratory burst was triggered by PMA. However, EPO-coated tumor cells were also readily lysed by bacillus Calmette- Guerin-activated macrophages in the absence of exogenous triggering agents. This spontaneous cytolysis was rapid (50 percent at 2 h) and potent (50 percent lysis at macrophage/tumor cell ratios of 1.5 to 4.6), and was observed with both a peroxide-sensitive tumor (TLX9) and a peroxide resistant tumor (NK lymphoma). Under the conditions used, neither EPO alone nor macrophages alone were spontaneously cytolytic. Neither EPO nor EPO-coated tumor cells triggered a detectable increment in H(2)0(2) release from macrophages. Nonetheless, spontaneous macrophage-mediated cytolysis of EPO- coated tumor cells was completely inhibitable by catalase (50 percent inhibition, 23 U/ml), although not by heated catalase, indicating a requirement for H(2)0(2). Cytolysis was also completely inhibitable by azide (50 percent inhibition, 2.6 X 10 -5 M), indicating a requirement for enzymatic activity of EPO. Thus, a cytophilic peroxidase from eosinophils and H(2)0(2) spontaneously released from activated macrophages interacted synergistically in a physiologic medium to destroy tumor cells. PMID- 6802926 TI - Chromosomal location of human kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain constant region genes. AB - The chromosomal location of human constant region light chain immunoglobulin (Ig) genes has been determined by analyzing a group of human fibroblast/rodent somatic cell hybrids with nucleic acid probes prepared from cloned human kappa and lambda constant region genes. Human chromosomes in each cell line were identified by isoenzyme analysis. The DNA from hybrid cells was digested with restriction endonucleases, size fractionated by gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose or DBM paper, and hybridized with (32)P-labeled nucleic acid probes. The C(kappa) gene was assigned to human chromosome 2 and the C(lambda) genes to chromosome 22, based upon analysis of these hybrid cell lines, and these assignments were confirmed by analysis of subclones. A group of previously unassigned loci can be mapped to chromosome 2 by virtue of their close linkage to C(kappa). The lambda and kappa light chain and heavy chain Ig genes have now been assigned to all three human chromosomes that are involved in translocations with chromosome 8 in human B cell neoplasms. These techniques and probes provide a means to study the detailed arrangement of human Ig genes and their pseudogenes. PMID- 6802925 TI - Non-H-2 restriction of expression of passively transferred delayed sensitivity. AB - The results of this study of allogeneic restriction of passively transferred delayed sensitivity to Listeria antigens serve to illustrate the complexity of in vivo models. They show that the H-2 restriction observed when delayed-type hypersensitivity was transferred between H-2-congenic strains was no more severe than the restriction observed when delayed-type hypersensitivity was transferred between parental and F1 mice and between different strains sharing the same H-2 haplotype. It is obvious that genes, in addition to those of the H-2 locus, can be responsible for allogeneic restriction in vivo. PMID- 6802928 TI - Evaluation of a monitor guided nephelometric system. AB - The most common parameters in the specific protein field, namely the immunoglobulins G, A and M were investigated on the recently developed Immuno Video Nephelometer System (IVNS). This system consists of the nephelometer, a microprocessor controlled program and a monitor screen, where instructions, standard curve and results are displayed. Scattered light of immuno-complexes is measured at equilibrium after incubation of prediluted antigen-antibody mixtures. Data were compared with those obtained by radial immunodiffusion (RID), rate nephelometry (Beckman Immunochemistry System-ICS) and immunoturbidimetry (ENI Gemsaec). Intrabatch variation on the Immuno Video Nephelometer System was found to be good (CV-2.6-3.7%) and day to day variation was satisfactory (CV-3.3-8.6%). There was also good correlation between the values found on the Immuno Video Nephelometer System and those of the other methods (correlation coefficient of 0.94-0.98). Instrumentation advantages, operation procedure and necessity of antigen excess check are discussed in detail. PMID- 6802927 TI - Frequency of B lymphocytes responsive to anti-immunoglobulin. AB - The frequency of murine B lymphocytes that respond to antibodies directed against membrane IgM was measured. These anti-mu antibodies induced all, or almost all, resting B cells to enlarge over the first 24 h of stimulation. This probably represents the transition from the resting state (G0) to active transit through the cell cycle. In contrast, only a fraction of these cells, approximately 60% for BDF1 mice, continued through the cell cycle into S phase. This is consistent with previous experiments that had suggested there were some types of B cells that did not proliferate in response to anti-mu. The results presented here demonstrate that many, perhaps all, of these nonresponding B cells, both from normal mice and from mice with the xid defect, actually do respond to the presence of anti-mu by going through early parts of the cell cycle. These cells appear to become blocked at some point before the beginning of S phase, perhaps requiring a signal from a T cell or a macrophage to continue through the cell cycle. Thus, the role of antigen may be to prepare all B cells for proliferation. Different subpopulations of B cells may then require different regulatory signals before actually proliferating or before differentiating into antibody-secreting cells. PMID- 6802929 TI - Effect of pancreas transplantation on liver carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin diabetic rats. AB - The failure of pancreas transplantation to normalize plasma glucagon concentration and insulin: glucagon balance in portal blood has recently been demonstrated on streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The same experimental model was used in the present study to examine the effect of pancreas transplantation on liver carbohydrate metabolism. Twenty weeks after pancreas transplantation, the left hepatic lobe was removed for studies of several glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes. Livers from nontransplanted diabetic rats showed decreased activities of glycolytic enzymes and enhanced activities of gluconeogenic enzymes. In recipients of pancreas transplants, however, the activities of glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes did not differ from those observed in normal control rats. It is concluded that the alterations of hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycolysis observed in streptozotocin-diabetic rats are restored to normal by the pancreas transplant despite its failure to obviate hyperglucagonaemia. PMID- 6802930 TI - Immunoglobulin prophylaxis for viral hepatitis. AB - The indications and dosage of immunoglobulin prophylaxis for viral hepatitis types A and B are well defined. Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) is specific and effective for hepatitis B, but its value is offset by its high cost. Immune serum globulin (ISG) is primarily for hepatitis A, but it also has been found to be effective for hepatitis B and should be considered the choice from a cost effective point of view. There is no specific immune globulin for hepatitis non A, non-B, and the efficacy in using ISG has been undetermined. The prerequisite for a rational approach to immunoprophylaxis for viral hepatitis is laboratory determination of serological markers, which confirms the diagnosis of the precise hepatitis type of the index case. Serological testing of the contacts or potential contacts is indicated so that chronic carriers and those with active immunity should be exempted from passive immunization. The expense of laboratory tests is compromised by situations which require the costly HBIG and when the individual is inclined to repeated hepatitis exposure. Viral hepatitis remains a major public health hazard in spite of recent advances in its prevention. Another stride in future control of viral hepatitis will depend on the introduction of vaccines for all types of hepatitis and reliable laboratory tests for the detection of hepatitis non-A, non-B. PMID- 6802931 TI - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis by internists and family physicians: a comparative study. AB - This study contrasts the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis in a teaching hospital by internists and family physicians. Parameters studied included laboratory use and length of stay. The period of hospitalization was longer in the internal medicine program compared with the family practice group, 5.09 days and 4.60 days, respectively, a 10.65 percent increase. In addition, the total number of laboratory tests and x-ray procedures per patient and per hospital day were notably increased in the internal medicine group compared with the family practice group; 49.20 and 29.68, and 9.67 and 6.45, respectively, the former being a 65.77 percent increase and the latter being 49.92 percent higher. There were no deaths in either group. Serum glucose and urine spillage were comparable in both groups upon discharge. PMID- 6802932 TI - Impact of a family practice residency on a community hospital: a case study of costs and benefits. AB - A modified framework of cost-benefit analysis, including explication of direct, indirect, and intangible costs and benefits, is used to assess the financial impact of a university-affiliated family practice residency program upon a community hospital. During resident year 1978-79 it was found that a community hospital affiliated with the University of Utah Family Practice Residency Program may have experienced a net financial benefit of as much as $243,543 or a net financial cost of as much as $12,537. At the same time, the hospital is likely to have experienced substantial intangible benefits and moderate intangible costs. This approach may have utility in similar settings where community hospitals support family practice resident education. PMID- 6802934 TI - Induction of phenotypically determined resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to human serum by factors in human serum. AB - Of 47 human sera tested, 13 converted serum-sensitive gonococci [strain BS4 (agar)] to serum resistance in vitro in 3 h at 37 degrees C, as had previously been demonstrated for most samples of guinea pig serum. The resistance-inducing activity of human serum was lower than that of guinea pig serum but, like the latter, did not operate at 8 degrees C, was greater at pH 6.6 than at pH 7.1, was increased by freezing and thawing, and depended on high and low molecular weight serum fractions; the latter fraction had a molecular weight between 1000 and 5000, and was acid- and heat-labile. PMID- 6802935 TI - Resistance to fluorouracil in Candida utilis: effects on the uptake of pyrimidines and amino acids. AB - 5-Fluorouracil powerfully inhibits growth of Candida utilis. Isolates that are resistant to fluorouracil all have a reduced ability to transport uracil but most also have other defects. Their capacity to take up a wide range of amino acids is greatly reduced, as is their ability to alter rates of amino acid transport during nitrogen starvation. These isolates may be defective in the coupling of energy generation to transport systems. PMID- 6802936 TI - A single-radial-immunodiffusion technique for the assay of rabies glycoprotein antigen: application for potency tests of vaccines against rabies. AB - An assay for rabies glycoprotein antigen based on single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRD) is described. Rabies glycoprotein antigen at concentrations of 0.7 microgram/ml or greater (approx. 1 international unit, IU) produced well-defined SRD reactions zones in immunoplates containing antibody to purified glycoprotein. Plots of zone area against relative antigen concentration were linear. The method was found to be of suitable sensitivity fo in vitro potency assays of inactivated cell culture rabies vaccines. Qualitative differences were detected between rabies vaccines prepared by two different methods when these were analysed in sucrose gradients for glycoprotein antigen associated with intact virions or in 'soluble' form associated with subviral structures. In vaccines prepared by zonal ultracentrifugation the glycoprotein was totally associated with intact virus, whilst in those prepared by ultrafiltration comparable quantities of subviral antigen were also detected. The SRD test appears to have considerable potential for assays of the antigenic content of rabies vaccines and has the advantage of reducing reliance on conventional in vivo tests for immunogenicity which employ infectious virus. PMID- 6802933 TI - Arsenazo III and antipyrylazo III calcium transients in single skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The metallochrome calcium indicators arsenazo III and antipyrylazo III have been introduced individually into cut single frog skeletal muscle fibers from which calcium transients have been elicited either by action potential stimulation or by voltage-clamp pulses of up to 50 ms in duration. Calcium transients recorded with both dyes at selected wavelengths have similar characteristics when elicited by action potentials. Longer voltage-clamp pulse stimulation reveals differences in the late phases of the optical signals obtained with the two dyes. The effects of different tension blocking methods on Ca transients were compared experimentally. Internal application of EGTA at concentrations up to 3 mM was demonstrated to be efficient in blocking movement artifacts without affecting Ca transients. Higher EGTA concentrations affect the Ca signals' characteristics. Differential effects of internally applied EGTA on tension development as opposed to calcium transients suggest that diffusion with binding from Ca++ release sites to filament overlap sites may be significant. The spectral characteristics of the absorbance transients recorded with arsenazo III suggest that in situ recorded signals cannot be easily interpreted in terms of Ca concentration changes. A more exhaustic knowledge of the dye chemistry and/or in situ complications in the use of the dye will be necessary. PMID- 6802937 TI - Osmotic and osmotic-loop diuresis in brain surgery. Effects on plasma and CSF electrolytes and ion excretion. AB - In 22 patients to be operated on for brain tumors or cerebral aneurysms, the effect of osmotic diuresis was compared with that of osmotic-loop diuresis on plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrolytes, and water and ion excretion. Mannitol or mannitol plus furosemide were used to reduce brain bulk. After treatment with thiopental and hyperventilation, patients received randomly a rapid infusion of mannitol (1.4 gm/kg), or mannitol (1.4 gm/kg) plus furosemide (0.3 mg/kg). Brain shrinkage was considerably greater and more consistent with mannitol plus furosemide than with mannitol alone. However, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypochloremia, and hyperosmolality were also more marked (p less than 0.05) with mannitol plus furosemide than with mannitol. The rate of water and ion excretion was even more striking. At 30 minutes after absorption of mannitol alone, water excretion peaked at 17 ml/min, and gradually decreased to 3.8 ml/min 70 minutes later. With mannitol plus furosemide, during an identical time course, initial water excretion was 30 ml/min, followed by a further rise to 42 ml/min and then a decline to 17 ml/min. At peak diuresis after mannitol, Na+ and Cl- excretion average 0.57 and 0.62 mEq/min, respectively. This compares with mean values of 3.7 and 4.12 mEq/min for Na+ and Cl-, respectively, after mannitol plus furosemide. Although optimum brain shrinkage is achieved with osmotic-loop diuresis, the rapid electrolyte depletion (Na+ and Cl-) must be corrected to avoid altered sensorium during the patients' postoperative course. PMID- 6802938 TI - Age-related alterations in skeletal metabolism--24-hr whole-body retention of diphosphonate in 250 normal subjects: concise communication. AB - Twenty-four-hour measurements of whole-body retention (WBR) of Tc-99m diphosphonate (a sensitive measure of skeletal metabolism) have been obtained in 250 healthy volunteer subjects. WBR values were found to fall from the age of 20 yr until 35 yr and then in men to rise linearly thereafter. Women showed a similar pattern initially but there was a marked rise in WBR corresponding to the menopausal years. Our results lend support to the belief that skeletal metabolism increases with age. It is suggested that some imbalance must always exist between resorption and formation in bone, with net loss of bone mineral, and increasing levels of skeletal metabolism will exaggerate this imbalance and accelerate the rate of bone loss. PMID- 6802939 TI - Effect of starvation and diet composition on two pathways of L-serine metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - This study examined the effects of starvation and of feeding to rats diets that contain varying protein, carbohydrate and fat levels on serine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes. The conversion of [14C]serine and [14C]lactate to 14CO2 and [14C]glucose was measured in the presence and absence of 5 mM quinolinic acid (QA) or 1 mM 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (MPA), inhibitors of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Inclusion of MPA eliminated the contribution of the serine dehydratase-mediated pathway of serine metabolism to glucose production, allowing estimation of serine aminotransferase-mediated metabolism. Addition of MPA reduced [14C]glucose formation from [14C]serine to between 3 and 47% of control values in all dietary treatments. Addition of 10 mM threonine or 10 mM pyruvate depressed [14C]glucose production in hepatocytes from the groups fed 80% protein. Differences in serine metabolism were observed within each protein group, depending on the carbohydrate and fat ratio of the diet. These results suggest the following: 1) MPA is a more potent gluconeogenic inhibitor than QA, permitting estimation of relative flux through two pathways of serine metabolism; 2) serine metabolism occurs primarily via serine dehydratase, although the contribution of serine aminotransferase varies depending upon the nutritional state of the rat, and 3) changing a single dietary component at the expense of another may mask the intricacies of metabolic homeostasis. PMID- 6802940 TI - The effects of dietary trilinoelaidin on fatty acid and acyl desaturases in rat liver. AB - The effects of incremental amounts of dietary t,t-18:2 on liver microsomal delta 5 and delta 6 acyl desaturase activities were studied. The hepatic concentration of t,t-18:2 increased linearly from 0 to 1.6 mg/g liver as dietary t,t-18:2 was increased from 0--50% of dietary fat. This apparently inhibited the conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid in liver tissue because linoleic acid increased from 1.2 to 3.1 mg/g liver, while arachidonic acid concurrently decreased from 3.9 to 1.9 mg/g liver tissue. This reflected the inhibition of delta 6 desaturase by t,t 18:2. The delta 6 desaturase activity in liver microsomes of rats fed 10, 20, and 50% of t,t-18:2 in their dietary lipids was 97, 75, and 51% of the activity of rats fed no t,t-18:2. In vitro tests showed that t,t-18:2 specifically inhibited liver delta 6 desaturase. The delta 5 desaturase activities did not increase significantly as dietary t,t-18:2 levels increased. This study showed that dietary t,t-18:2 by depressing delta 6 desaturase activity may affect essential fatty acid metabolism. PMID- 6802941 TI - Immunoperoxidase characterization of a malignant plasma cell tumor involving the mandible. AB - An immunoperoxidase technique was used to characterize a malignant plasma cell tumor of the mandible in a patient with multiple myeloma. The neoplasm was found to produce only lambda light chains. This type of myeloma is rare and has a more grave prognosis than those which produce gamma or alpha heavy chains, or kappa light chains. The immunoperoxidase technique and the importance of immunologic characterization of malignant plasma cell tumors of the oral region are discussed. PMID- 6802942 TI - Epithelial cells kinetics. A review of methods of study and their application to oral mucosa in health and disease. Part B. Comparison of cell kinetics in normal and abnormal epithelia. AB - In Part A, the techniques most commonly used to study epithelial cell kinetics and their suitability for use in man are reviewed. In Part B, the application of such methods to comparative studies of normal and abnormal oral epithelial of both man and experimental animals is examined. Claims regarding the possible prognostic value of LI's or MI's of biopsies of potentially or overtly malignant human oral lesions are also considered. Normal and abnormal kinetic data for other lining epithelia, e.g., skin, uterine cervix and gastrointestinal mucosa are assessed where they provide a better illustration of some of the problems arising in such comparative investigations. Finally, the present and likely future areas in which cell kinetic studies may provide a guide to expected tumour prognosis and optimum treatment are summarized. PMID- 6802943 TI - Establishment of a human cancer cell line from carcinoma of the gingiva. AB - A new human epithelial cell line (MK-1) has been established from a well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the gingiva. It has been subcultured 90 times during the past 23 months. The population doubling time of the MK-1 cell line was 28 h. A colony forming ability with 18% plating efficiency was shown. Chromosomal analysis revealed an aneuploid human male karyotype with 22 marker chromosomes. The model chromosome number was 75. Scanning electron micrographs of MK-1 cells showed numerous microvilli and intercellular bridges. Transmission electron micrographs of MK-1 cells showed epithelial characteristics with desmosomes, tonofilaments and membrane-coating granules. Hetero-transplantation of cultured MK-1 cells produced tumors, the histology of which was similar to that of original ones. The ultrastructure of the tumors showed the presence of abundant tonofibrils and keratohyalin granules. This MK-1 cell line is a model useful for the study of keratinization of squamous cell carcinomas. PMID- 6802946 TI - Darier's disease of the oral mucosa: clinical case report with ultrastructural evaluation. PMID- 6802945 TI - Ultrastructure of initial calcification in wound healing following pulpotomy. AB - Initial calcification in healing amputated tooth pulps was examined in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The process is characterized by an abundance of extracellular matrix vesicles (0.1-0.2 micrometer in diameter) distributed between forming cells and the surface of the amputated pulp. Osmiophilic material and needle-like crystals within the vesicles was followed by disappearance of the vesicular membrane and accumulation of crystals and aggregate into calcified fronts. Ca and P were detected in these needle-like crystals by an electron probe X-ray microanalyzer. This finding suggests that the crystals were produced during the calcifying process. The healing of amputated tooth pulps is essentially similar to initial calcification events that occur in other normal and pathologic calcified tissues. PMID- 6802944 TI - Ultrastructural changes of epithelium-connective tissue junction in experimental lingual tumors. AB - In this study, plaque-like lesions, epithelial hyperplasias, and papillary invasive carcinomas were produced in the tongues of hamsters by the application of DMBA combined with trauma for 16 weeks. The junction between the neoplastic epithelial cells and the connective tissue was studied ultrastructurally. In plaque-like lesions, the basal lamina was partially decreased in both thickness and density or partially discontinuous. In epithelial hyperplasias, cytoplasmic projections were observed in the portion of the basal cell near the intercellular space, and the basal lamina was absent around these cytoplasmic projections. In papillary invasive carcinomas, however, numerous cytoplasmic projections extended from various portions of the basal surface of the basal cells into the underlying connective tissue. The basal lamina was also absent around these projections. In epithelial hyperplasias and papillary invasive carcinomas, some of the cytoplasmic projections appeared almost empty, some contained a small number of tonofilaments and ribosomes, and others were filled with a large number of ribosomes but did not contain the tonofilaments. The collagen fibrils were markedly reduced in number in the area around cytoplasmic projections. The cytoplasm of some fibroblasts in that area contained many intracellular collagen fibrils. PMID- 6802947 TI - Peripheral ameloblastoma: an ultrastructural analysis. PMID- 6802948 TI - Sprains of the lateral ankle ligaments. An epidemiological and clinical study with special reference to different forms of conservative treatment. Part I. Epidemiological and clinical considerations. PMID- 6802949 TI - Liver and kidney transplantation in children receiving cyclosporin A and steroids. AB - The new immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporin A, was used with low doses of steroids to treat eight patients undergoing hepatic transplantation and three patients undergoing cadaveric renal transplantation. Seven of the eight liver recipients are well, including one who was given two livers. The three kidney recipients who had developed cytotoxic antibodies after previously rejecting grafts with conventional immunosuppressive therapy, have had good results despite conditions which usually preclude attempts at transplantation. The ability to control rejection effectively and safely without chronic high-dose steroid therapy may make the described therapeutic regimen valuable for pediatric recipients of whole organs. PMID- 6802950 TI - Effect of age on concurrent administration of phenobarbital and valproic acid. PMID- 6802951 TI - Juvenile xanthogranuloma. AB - Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a disease of unknown etiology and pathogenesis which was first recognized by dermatologists. The ocular complications provide the primary concern and notably affect the iris, producing spontaneous hemorrhages in the anterior chamber. Secondary glaucoma and blindness are real threats unless the condition is recognized in the early stages and satisfactory treatment instituted. Other ocular manifestations include epibulbar lesions with corneal involvement and proptosis due to orbital lesions of JXG. PMID- 6802952 TI - Autosomal dominant ophthalmologic disorders and linkage. AB - A consideration of the currently established autosomal dominant linkage relationships to ophthalmologic disorders was utilized to review the principles of linkage. If cross-over does not occur, as few as 6 informative matings can be utilized to identify probable linkage, and as few as 11 informative matings can be utilized to establish linkage. The potential implications of linkage in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of heritable disorders was discussed. PMID- 6802954 TI - IgA-antibody responses in the neonate following gastrointestinal surgery. AB - IgA-antibody responses relative to other immunoglobulin classes were serially studied in 14 neonates undergoing gastrointestinal surgery and in a comparative group of 10 neonates undergoing surgery for neural tube defects. While IgM levels were raised postoperatively in gastrointestinal surgery patients as well in patients with neural tube defects the level of serum IgA following surgery was significantly higher in gastrointestinal patients (p less than 0.001) compared to neonates with neural tube defects. A close correlation between time of operation and an increase in IgA levels was observed. Changes in IgA antibody levels were independent of alteration in IgM and IgG levels. PMID- 6802953 TI - Correction of total incontinence in male and female epispadias. AB - Between 1946 and 1980, 54 patients with epispadias and total urinary incontinence were evaluated at our institution. Factors critical to the achievement of complete continence include deferral of surgery until at least 3 yr of age, the patient having a well-developed bladder with adequate capacity and musculature, and maturation of the prostate at puberty in males. Complete continence was obtained in 9 of 11 female patients (82%). Fourteen of 35 male patients obtained complete urinary continence in the initial postoperative period. Complete urinary control was delayed until puberty in 11 additional patients, for an overall success rate of 25 of 35 males (71%). The significant increase in continence with the onset of puberty in males demonstrates the importance of expectant management of the child's progress in relation to the potential contribution of prostatic maturation in the development of urinary control. PMID- 6802955 TI - The effects of gastric hyperosmotic glucose feedings on regional perfusion in the neonatal piglet. AB - Regional blood flow and intestinal wall perfusion were studied in 13 anesthetized 1-5 day old neonatal piglets before and after gastric glucose infusion. The radionuclide labeled microsphere technique was used with 15 +/- 3 mu microspheres (85Sr, 141Ce) given in two separate left atrial infections. The 10% glucose with a patent blue dye marker did not affect CO but produced significant increases in blood flow to the adrenals bilaterally, to all layers of the proximal small intestine and to the mucosa of the distal small intestine. The glucose also caused a significant reduction in the animals' arterial pH, PaO2, and total CO2 with an increase in the blood glucose level. This response to gastric glucose infusion is different from adult animals since lower glucose concentrations produced blood flow changes in all layers of the exposed small intestine and the adrenals in our neonatal animals. PMID- 6802956 TI - The need for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux in brain-damaged children referred for feeding gastrostomy. PMID- 6802957 TI - Comparative toxicity of chemotherapy following partial hepatectomy. AB - Recent reports document an improved survival in children treated with chemotherapy following hepatic resection for malignant liver tumors. This report compares the effect of commonly employed chemotherapeutic agents on the regenerating liver. PMID- 6802958 TI - Selective management of iatrogenic esophageal perforation in the newborn. AB - Since 1974 nine neonates have been treated for iatrogenic esophageal perforation. They ranged in weight from 480 to 3900 g. Four of them had been resuscitated for meconium aspiration, four were being treated for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and one had received only routine postpartum suctioning and gastric aspiration. In five infants, esophageal perforation was suspected following traumatic intubation of difficulty in the passage of a catheter or tube. Three neonates passed formula from chest tubes placed for pneumothorax and one child presented with persistent pneumothorax. Esophageal perforation was documented in each case by direct visualization and/or radiographic studies. Three infants were treated with antibiotics and placement of a silastic nasogastric feeding tube. An additional two infants were treated with a silastic tube, antibiotics and chest tube drainage. Four children underwent operation: gastrostomy and drainage (2), gastrostomy and closure of perforation (1), gastrostomy only (1). There were no complications of deaths. Management of iatrogenic perforation of the esophagus depends upon the extent and location of the injury. A nonoperative approach can be successful in those infants with limited injury of short duration. Operation is required in cases with extensive extravasation or delay in diagnosis. PMID- 6802959 TI - Noradrenaline contractions in rabbit mesenteric arteries skinned with saponin. AB - 1. In rings of small rabbit mesenteric arteries, noradrenaline induced oscillatory contractions. After depolarization with potassium, which produced in this preparation only a transient contraction, the arteries responded to noradrenaline with tonic contraction. 2. Artery rings, skinned for 6 min with saponin (0.5 mg/ml.), were highly sensitive to calcium (half-maximum contraction at 4 x 10(-7) M-Ca2+). In the skinned preparations, a contraction was still elicited by noradrenaline. 3. Treatment with saponin renders virtually all smooth muscle cells of the mesenteric artery preparation hyperpermeable as indicated by both physiological and morphological criteria. 4. While the Ca stores responsible for the noradrenaline-induced contraction of skinned arteries were depleted at a slow rate by 0.1 mM-EGTA, they were completely emptied by a 4 min exposure to 10 mM-EGTA. After release of intracellular Ca by noradrenaline, the Ca stores could be partially replenished by incubating the preparation in 10(-6) M-Ca2+ for 4 min. 5. Noradrenaline failed to contract skinned arteries after part of the intracellular Ca had been released by caffeine but not after Ca release by the ionophore X-537 A. 6. The mitochondrial uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone, inhibited noradrenaline-induced contractions of skinned arteries. 7. Noradrenaline had no effect on 45Ca translocation in either membrane vesicles or mitochondria isolated from mesenteric arteries. 8. The present results show that in vascular smooth muscle a certain degree of structural integrity of the cell membrane, but not its selective permeability, is required for the coupling between alpha-adrenoceptors and Ca release from intracellular stores; the data also suggest that alpha-adrenoceptor stimulation results in release of Ca bound to the plasma membrane rather than indirect release of Ca accumulated in intracellular organelles. PMID- 6802961 TI - Meningitis due to Listeria monocytogenes: (a case report). PMID- 6802962 TI - Efficiencies of DNA inactivation and mutation induction by tritiated glycerol in bacterial systems. PMID- 6802960 TI - Human intestinal potential difference: recording method and biophysical implications. AB - 1. The transmural electrical potential difference (PD) of the intact human small intestine was recorded with close attention to electrical symmetry, shielding from electro-magnetic waves and correction for junction potentials. 2. The PD is 12 mV (mucosa-negative) in the fasting jejunum and ileum and does not change during perfusion with isotonic NaCl. 3. Absorption of Na and Cl appears to be non electrogenic and the 'resting' PD is probably generated by active anion secretion of fasting intestinal contents. 4. Diffusion potentials during isotonic D mannitol perfusion indicated higher cation selectivity in the ileum than in the jejunum. 5. The calculated contribution of a free-solution path to total paracellular permeability is 55% in the jejunum but only 15% in the ileum. 6. No 'streaming' potential was detected during osmotic water flow, suggesting that the cation-selectivity of the channels is temporarily inactivated during dilatation of the lateral intercellular space. PMID- 6802963 TI - Chemical changes in the chloroform-paraffin-dye system irradiated with 60Co gamma rays. II. Formation of hydrogen chloride and absorption energy in the solid. PMID- 6802964 TI - An alkaline separation method for detection of small amount of DNA damage. PMID- 6802965 TI - Immunoenzymic studies on testicular hyaluronidase from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). AB - Hyaluronidase from rhesus monkey testes was purified by detergent extraction, ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified hyaluronidase showed one protein band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to the purified hyaluronidase were raised in rabbits and showed a single precipitin line by Ouchterlony gel diffusion. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 62,000. The Km was 0.5 mg/ml for hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid at 37 degrees C. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 5.0 but activity was present over a broad pH range. The hyaluronidase was inhibited by HgCl2, CuSO4, FeSO4 and p-chloromercuribenzoate all at a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) M. Cysteine protected the enzyme against HgCl2 inhibition. PMID- 6802966 TI - Effect of progesterone on basal LH and episodic LH and FSH secretion in heifers. AB - Heifers between Days 6 and 10 of the cycle were allocated at random to groups of 8 and treated with (i) a 4% progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) + oestrogen capsule for 12 days; (ii) 4% PRID for 12 days; (iii) 20% PRID for 12 days; (iv) 4% for 14 days; or (v) 20% PRID for 14 days. Blood was obtained daily during treatment and at 2- or 4-h intervals for 72 h after removal of PRIDs. Some animals were sampled every 20 min for 4.676 h on the 3rd day after PRID insertion, and 1 day before and 36 h after removal of the PRID insertion, and 1 day before and 36 h after removal of the PRID. During progesterone treatment there was: (i) no correlation between concentrations of progesterone and LH within days; (ii) a significant negative correlation between progesterone and days (P less than 0.01) and also between progesterone and LH over days (P less than 0.01); (iii) the overall correlation co-efficient between LH and days was positive (P less than 0.05). The amplitude of LH or FSH episodes was not affected as progesterone concentrations declined during PRID treatment, but the number of LH (but not FSH) episodes was increased (p less than 0.01). After PRID removal, the amplitude of both LH and FSH episodes increased (P less than 0.01). We suggest that progesterone is part of a negative feedback complex on LH secretion in cattle and that this effect is apparently mediated through frequency of episodic LH release. PMID- 6802967 TI - Gonadotrophin, total oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in plasma of lactating sows with particular reference to lactational oestrus. AB - Plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, progesterone and total oestrogens were determined (by radioimmunoassay) throughout late pregnancy and lactation in samples taken by cardiac catheter from 10 Camborough hybrid sows. At 2-3 weeks post partum, 5 were housed individually with their litters (Group I) and 5 grouped with their litters, a boar being introduced 1 day later (Group II). Plasma progesterone fell 1-2 days per partum and oestrogens at parturition, each remaining low in early lactation. Plasma LH was undetectable in most samples in this period, but FSH fell slightly during parturition, showing signs of resurgence from Day 10 post partum. Group I sows remained in lactational anoestrus until weaning. In Group II there was increased plasma LH activity, and all Group II sows displayed oestrus during lactation. Only one farrowed to service at the lactational oestrus; of the remainder, oestrus in one was clearly anovulatory, and in two others was incomplete or atypical judged by plasma progesterone concentrations. The data suggest that whilst oestrus can be induced by appropriate lactation management, poor conception rates to service at this oestrus may be due to the absence or impairment of ovulation. PMID- 6802969 TI - Steroid control of gonadotrophin secretion in the orchidectomized dog. AB - The effects of s.c. administration of oil, testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and oestradiol-17 beta on plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were determined in 5 orchidectomized dogs. The dosages for the androgens and oestradiol-17 beta were 500 and 50 micrograms/kg body weight, respectively. Testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta significantly reduced plasma gonadotrophin concentrations, although the onset and duration of their suppressive effects differed. Dihydrotestosterone and oil had no effect on either gonadotrophin. Administration of androstanediol had no effect on plasma concentrations of LH but did cause a temporary and significant reduction in FSH. It is concluded that testosterone and oestradiol-17 beta are major regulators of gonadotrophin secretion in the male dog, but the 5 alpha reduction of testosterone seems to play only a minor role in this control. PMID- 6802970 TI - Discordant anencephalus in a Pergonal-induced triplet pregnancy. AB - A patient with a triplet pregnancy had one infant affected by anencephalus. This pregnancy resulted from ovulation stimulation by gonadotropins. Several cases of association between anencephalus and induction of ovulation by clomiphene have been reported. The association with gonadotropins, however, has been reported only once. The event was prenatally diagnosed by ultrasound studies in the first and second trimesters. The association of anencephalus with ovulation stimulation is discussed briefly. PMID- 6802971 TI - Crohn's disease treated by elemental diet. PMID- 6802968 TI - Relationship between pituitary nuclear oestrogen receptors and the release of LH, FSH and prolactin in the ewe. AB - Ovariectomized ewes were given a single injection (i.v.) of 100 micrograms oestradiol-17 beta. Nuclear oestrogen receptor values in the pituitary, as a function of total receptor concentrations, were 3.0 +/- 1.0% in controls, 56.0 +/ 5.4% at 1 h (P less than 0.001) and 6.5 +/- 2.1% at 6 h (P less than 0.05) after oestradiol injection. There was a fall in plasma LH values from 5.7 +/- 1.0 (preinjection) to 2.1 +/- 0.3 ng/ml (P less than 0.01) 4-6 h after oestradiol. At 13-21 h after injection plasma levels increased to 37 +/- 8 ng/ml (P less than 0.001). Plasma FSH levels declined from 840 +/- 18 to 506 +/- 48 ng/ml after 20 22 h (P less than 0.001). Plasma prolactin concentrations fell from 90 +/- 16 ng/ml before injection to 29 +/- 9 ng/ml at 1 h (P less than 0.05), and then rose to a maximum of nuclear compartmentalization of oestrogen receptors after a bolus injection of oestradiol was associated with the feedback effects of oestradiol on LH, FSH and prolactin release. PMID- 6802972 TI - Adrenal phaeochromocytoma in familial neurofibromatosis with initial control of hypertension by labetalol. PMID- 6802973 TI - Quantitative structure-inhibitory activity relationships of phenols and fatty acids for Bacillus subtilis spore germination. AB - Phenols and fatty acids were found to inhibit L-alanine-initiated germination of Bacillus subtilis spores without altering their heat resistance. Inhibitory effect was defined as the concentration necessary to cause 50% inhibition of the germination rate. The quantitative structure-inhibitory activity relationships for 39 phenols and 7 fatty acids were analyzed. The pH dependency of inhibition showed that the nonionized form of the molecule was responsible for inhibition. Hydrophobicity, which was expressed by the partition coefficient or the distribution coefficient of the compounds, was important for inhibition. In addition to hydrophobicity, the electronic effect, which was expressed by the dissociation constant, played a partial role in phenols. The correlation equation of the fatty acids was similar to those of the alcohols and other hydrophobic compounds, which had been reported earlier. That of the phenols, however, appeared to be different, indicating a different and more complex mechanism of inhibition. The type of inhibition by both compounds was mixed rather than competitive or noncompetitive. PMID- 6802974 TI - Antiinflammatory agents. 2. Syntheses and antiinflammatory activity of substituted 2-aminophenylacetic acid derivatives. AB - Several substituted 2-aminophenylacetic acid derivatives were prepared and tested for in vitro prostaglandin synthetase inhibition activity and for in vivo antiinflammatory activity. The 2-amino substituent is beneficial to potency in the inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase for the 3-phenoxy, 4-phenyl, and 3 benzoyl series, but only the 3-benzoyl series shows increased antiinflammatory potency in the in vivo assay. PMID- 6802975 TI - Five ethical doctrines for medical education. AB - In recent years a relative barrage of journal articles has surfaced concerning the formal instruction of medical ethics in our medical schools. Philosophical debates usually ensue over either the conspicuous absence (or, in some cases, the questionable need (I) (2) of a formal ethics course, or the manner and method by which ethics is to be taught (3). There is, however, a paucity of literature as to what constitutes ethical medical 'pedagogy'. Germane is the principle that the physician-teacher should strive to be ethical both in what he or she teaches as well as the manner in which it is taught. This is also to review medical ethics from a broader perspective including the institution of instruction itself. The following discourse focuses upon five doctrines which would augment the medical curriculum by adding to the mere instruction of facts and skills a respect for the human values and rights innate to the practice of medicine. PMID- 6802976 TI - Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and myasthenia gravis. AB - Until now, three patients with IgG and only one with IgM class monoclonal gammopathy (without the classical features of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia) have been reported in subjects with myasthenia gravis. A case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia which occurred before thymectomy in a myasthenic patient is described in this paper. Both neuromuscular disease and the lymphocyte dyscrasia worsened after operation and before starting steroid treatment. No evidence of circulating immune complexes nor of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies belonging to the IgM class was found. The patient's HLA type shared A2 and B15 antigens with an IgG-lambda monoclonal gammopathy previously reported in a myasthenic woman, and his genotype included the Bw15 specificity which has been described to be frequent in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. It appears that a persistent thymic abnormality, responsible for myasthenia gravis, may be associated with a lymphoreticular neoplasm. PMID- 6802977 TI - Pregnancy outcome following jet transport stress in nonhuman primates. PMID- 6802978 TI - A micro-method for the evaluation of PHA-responsive T cells in Callithrix jacchus and Macaca fascicularis. PMID- 6802979 TI - Hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal function in male rhesus monkeys. A primate model. AB - The secretion of six anterior pituitary hormones in both the basal state and after stimulation or suppression in nine young adults male rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) was studied. Growth hormone (GH), prolactin, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion were evaluated. Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) secretion was studied indirectly by measuring plasma cortisol levels. The tests were performed in combination and in sequence over a 7-hour period. Thus, multiple functions of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis can be studied quickly utilizing small quantities of blood. PMID- 6802980 TI - Self-assembly in Vitro of the 68,000 molecular weight component of the mammalian neurofilament triplet proteins into intermediate-sized filaments. PMID- 6802981 TI - Interactions of Q beta replicase with Q beta RNA. PMID- 6802982 TI - Identification of a connecting filament protein in insect fibrillar flight muscle. PMID- 6802983 TI - Intraendodermal and intramesenteric migration of anuran amphibian germ cells: transmission and scanning electron microscopy. AB - Primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the dorsal side of midgut endoderm and from within the dorsal mesentery were examined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. During migration of these cells, lamellipodia and filopodia, develop in a polarized pattern. Large amounts of extracellular material accumulate around the lamellipodia at the leading end of a migrating cell. It is suggested that the polarized pseudopodia function in conjunction with extracellular matrix as the means by which PGCs move en route to gonadal ridges. PMID- 6802984 TI - Effects of chlorinated bisphenols on torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AB - Chlorinated bisphenol antibacterial and antifungal agents are potent inhibitors of torula yeast glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Several compounds were tested, including hexachlorophene [HCP; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4,6 trichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-oxybis(tetrachlorophenol); 2',4-dihydroxy-2,3,3',5,5',6 hexachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4-dichlorophenol) (3,4-TCP); bithionol [2,2'-thiobis(4,6-dichlorophenol)]; 2,2'-methylenebis(3,5 dichlorophenol); 2,2'-dihydroxy-3,3',5,6,6'-pentachlorodiphenylmethane; 2,2' methylenebis(4-chlorophenol) (DCP); 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol); and the related uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol. The relative inhibitory activity of the chlorinated bisphenols tended to increase with degree of chlorination of the aromatic rings. the concentrations of the bisphenols that caused 50% inhibition ranged from 2.5 micrometers for 2,2'-oxybis(tetrachlorophenol) to 40 micrometers for 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol) under comparable assay conditions. More detailed kinetic analysis showed that, as with HCP, the inhibition of G6PD by 3,4 TCP and DCP followed noncompetitive kinetics. Calculations from the kinetic data gave apparent inhibition constant (Ki) values for 3,4-TCP of 267 micrometers with G6P and 308 micrometers with NADP, and for DCP of 697 micrometers with both G6P and NADP. PMID- 6802985 TI - Influence of prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol on estrogen and progestin binding proteins in uteri and dimethylbenzanthracene- induced mammary tumors of the rat. AB - Various characteristics of steroid binding proteins from mammary tumors and uteri of rats exposed prenatally to diethylstilbestrol (DES) were examined. Pregnant rats were treated with no hormone (group A) or with a total dose of 1.2 micrograms DES during the second (group B) or third (group C) trimester of gestation. Female offspring received 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) at d 50 +/- 1. Animals with large mammary tumors were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. Seven months after carcinogen treatment, the experiment was terminated. High-affinity binding sites for [3H] estradiol-17 beta and [3H]R5020 were found in all mammary tumors assayed. On sucrose gradients of low ionic strength both 8S and 4S forms of the estrogen receptor were identified in mammary tumors, regardless of prenatal treatment. In addition, progestin receptors sedimenting at 4S were identified in these tumors. However, the 7-8S form of the progestin receptor was found only in tumors from intact animals. Levels of progestin receptors were diminished after ovariectomy, both in mammary tumors and in uteri; ovariectomy also resulted in a significant reduction in uterine wet weight in the hormone exposure groups, as expected. Unlike groups A and B, rats exposed to DES during the third trimester had uterine progestin binding capacities and uterine wet weights that did not decrease proportionally ater ovariectomy. Furthermore, progestin binding capacities in mammary tumors from group C ovariectomized rats were higher than those in the other two groups. In intact rats from group C, cytosol from mammary tumors also had elevated levels of progestin binding; however, no differences in progestin binding were observed in the uteri from these animals. Small differences in estrogen binding capacities in tumor tissues were observed among the three groups; uterine estrogen binding capacities did not vary significantly. Prenatal exposure to DES during the third trimester appeared related to persistent biochemical alterations in rat mammary tumors and uteri; earlier exposure did not have this effect. PMID- 6802986 TI - Effect of hypoxia on the superficially exposed carbohydrates of subcellular fractions of guinea pig cerebral cortex. AB - Experimental hypoxia led to changes in carbohydrate-containing macromolecules located on the microsomal and synaptosomal membrane surface. It was found that hypoxia reduced the external membrane-bound sialic acid content in microsomal and synaptosomal fractions. On the other hand, a decrease in fucose content of proteins in hypoxic synaptosomal fraction was found. Similarly, a decrease was observed in the amount of 3H-labeled concanavalin A bound to the microsomal and synaptosomal glycoprotein fractions. Treatment of microsomal and synaptosomal fractions with galactose oxidase followed by reduction with tritiated potassium borohydride resulted in a significantly higher incorporation rate of tritium into the hypoxic membranes. This was accompanied by an increase in the endogenous glycoprotein galactose transferase activity both in microsomal and synaptosomal fractions. PMID- 6802987 TI - Experience with a laterally based vaginal flap approach for urethral diverticulum. AB - We found 15 cases of urethral diverticula in female patients who were evaluated for recurrent urinary tract infection. A voiding cystourethrogram was the most useful investigative technique. All cases were managed by a vaginal approach, using a laterally based flap incision. There were no complications with this easily learned technique, which makes full exposure of the diverticulum easy and covers the urethral defect with intact vaginal wall. Using this technique we have had no delayed healing, fistula formation or incontinence. A history of gonorrhea may have an etiologic role in acquired diverticula. PMID- 6802989 TI - Effects of low temperature on the development of the microsporidan Glugea stephani in English sole (Parophrys vetulus). AB - Glugea stephani requires temperatures above 15 C for development in juvenile pleuronectid flatfishes in Yaquina Bay, Oregon. The effect of low temperature (10 C) on the development of recently established parasites was tested experimentally in juvenile English sole (Parophrys vetulus). Low temperature arrested parasite development, but did not kill the protozoan which resumed development on return to 19-20 C after as long as 42 days at 10 C. No parasites detectable with the light microscope were found in fish examined after 70 days at 10 C. Although most juvenile English sole move permanently from the estuary to cooler ocean waters in fall and do not contribute to the continuation of the parasite life cycle, the cycle may be maintained by low numbers of English sole that overwinter in the estuary. PMID- 6802988 TI - Endoparasites and selected infectious agents in bobcats (Felis rufus) from West Virginia and Georgia. AB - A total of 143 bobcats (Felis rufus) from West Virginia and 10 bobcats from Georgia was examined for parasites and selected infectious agents. A total of 31 species of parasites was recovered including 1 protozoan, 1 trematode, 4 cestodes, 1 acanthocephalan and 24 nematodes. Results indicate bobcats are important definitive hosts for Sarcocystis sp. and Toxoplasma gondii. Thirteen species (Paragonimus kellicotti, Spirometra mansonoides, Taenia macrocystis, T. rileyi, Capillaria putorii, Toxascaris leonina, Toxocara mystax, Ancylostoma braziliense, A. tubaeforme, Oslerus rostratus, Molineus barbatus, Physaloptera rara, and Troglostrongylus wilsoni) were considered common components of the helminth fauna of southeastern bobcats. Host age and/or host density had significant relationships (P less than or equal to 0.05) to the prevalences of infection of some parasites. Salmonella spp. were isolated from six bobcats, and Yersinia enterocolitica was isolated from a single bobcat. Bobcat populations studied did not have overt clinical parasitism or disease during the fall and winter. PMID- 6802990 TI - Sarcocystis spp. in white-tailed deer. I. Definitive and intermediate host spectrum with a description of Sarcocystis odocoileocanis n. sp. AB - Sporocysts containing four sporozoites and measuring (avg.) 15.2 micrometers X 10.7 micrometers (N = 195) were shed in the feces of dogs (Canis familiaris) 8 to 16 days (avg. 11.6 days) after the first feeding of venison infected with Sarcocystis sp. Sporocysts containing four sporozoites and measuring (avg.) 11.5 micrometers X 8.1 micrometers (N = 35) were shed by a cat (Felis catus) 14 days after ingesting Sarcocystis-infected venison. Statistical (pooled t-test) comparison of the mean measurements of the sporocysts passed by the dog and cat demonstrated a significant difference (P less than .01). The raccoon (Procyon lotor) and opossum (Didelphis virginiana) could not be infected with Sarcocystis from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The name, Sarcocystis odocoileocanis, is proposed for the species transmitted from white-tailed deer to dogs. Sarcocystis odocoileocanis is differentiated from S. hemionilatrantis Hudkins and Kistner, 1977 of mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), S. ovicanis Heydorn, Gestrich, Mehlhorn and Rommel, 1975 of sheep (Ovis aries) and S. cruzi Hasselmann, 1926 (=S. bovicanis Heydorn, Gestrich, Mehlhorn and Rommel, 1975) of cattle (Bos taurus) because S. odocoileocanis has (1) low infectivity for calves and sheep and (2) apparent insignificant pathogenicity for its intermediate host. PMID- 6802991 TI - Evaluation of the male partner of an infertile couple. An algorithmic approach. PMID- 6802992 TI - Rheumatic fever: problems in prevention. PMID- 6802994 TI - Effect of topical application of oils of amla, coconut, sarson and samsol on growth of rabbit's hair and sheep wool. PMID- 6802993 TI - Efficacy, tolerance, and safety of colestipol HCL as a hypocholesterolemic agent in hyperlipidemic patients with studies of its effect on gastrointestinal absorption. PMID- 6802995 TI - An assessment of buprenorphine as an analgesic. PMID- 6802996 TI - Urinary tract infection in stone patients and in patients with indwelling urethral catheters. PMID- 6802997 TI - Urinary tract infection: a survey of the prevalent strains and their sensitivity. PMID- 6802998 TI - Intracranial pressure--basic concepts and management. PMID- 6802999 TI - Disinfection agents. PMID- 6803000 TI - Treatment of hyperthyroidism with iodine-131. PMID- 6803001 TI - Smoking and chewing habits of people of Karachi--1981. PMID- 6803002 TI - A clinical study with prazosin and polythiazide (Minizide) in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6803003 TI - A new method of grading tetanus neonatorum. PMID- 6803005 TI - Typhoid perforation: results of surgical treatment. PMID- 6803004 TI - Treatment and prophylaxis of anaemia of pregnancy with 'Fefol Spansule'. PMID- 6803006 TI - [Hemodynamics and gas exchange during prolonged ECMO in dogs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803007 TI - [Clinical use and evaluation of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803008 TI - [Application of central venous access and intravenous hyperalimentation to the management of patients with hematological malignancy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803009 TI - [A case of cold agglutinin disease (IgM-lambda) associated with malignant lymphoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803011 TI - [A case of T-cell lymphoma associated with M-component (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803012 TI - [Trends in the studies of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6803010 TI - [Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia in a seven-year-old boy with normal red cell carbonic anhydrase activity--a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803013 TI - [What we know and do not know about non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6803014 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis virus related to antigens and antibodies]. PMID- 6803015 TI - [Electron microscopy of non-A, non-B hepatitis: with special reference to strain F and strain-H]. PMID- 6803016 TI - [Animal model of non-A, non-B hepatitis infection]. PMID- 6803017 TI - [Virus-like particles in human non-A, non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6803018 TI - [Detection of antigenic markers in non-A, non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6803019 TI - [Clinical characteristics of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in comparison with other types of viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6803020 TI - [Clinical pictures of sporadic non-A, non-B acute hepatitis]. PMID- 6803021 TI - [Outbreak of non-A, non-B hepatitis--clinical and epidemiological studies]. PMID- 6803022 TI - [Development of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis and transition to liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6803023 TI - [Liver neoplasms and non-A, non-B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6803024 TI - [Non-A, non-B fulminant hepatitis]. PMID- 6803025 TI - [Non-A, non-B viral chronic hepatitis and autoimmune hepatitis]. PMID- 6803026 TI - [Serum immune complex in non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6803027 TI - [Non-A, non-B viral hepatitis and cellular immunity]. PMID- 6803028 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis in infants and possibilities of maternal infection]. PMID- 6803029 TI - [Factor VIII and its subcomponents]. PMID- 6803030 TI - [Recent findings on ristocetin in the field of biochemistry]. PMID- 6803031 TI - [Recent findings on hemophilia]. PMID- 6803032 TI - [Recent findings on von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6803033 TI - [Factor VIII preparation]. PMID- 6803034 TI - [Inhibitors and "bypass" therapy in hemophilia]. PMID- 6803036 TI - [Determination of factor VIII and screening of factor VIII related diseases]. PMID- 6803037 TI - [Action mechanism of platelet suppressants and platelet suppressant therapy]. PMID- 6803038 TI - [Determination of homozygote and heterozygote of Rh antigens by rosette methods (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803035 TI - [Function and mode of inheritance of factor VIII]. PMID- 6803039 TI - [Combined effect of carbon monoxide and potassium cyanide on intracellular oxidation-reduction in rabbit kidney in situ (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803040 TI - [Effects of subchronic nitrogen dioxide exposure on arterial blood pHa, PaCO2 and PaO2 in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803041 TI - [Thyrotropin, prolactin, and growth-hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in healthy subjects over eighty years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803042 TI - [Effects of age and sex on serum thyroid hormone levels in normal human subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803043 TI - [Folate deficiency occurred during the tube feeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803044 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of man and monkeys. Pregnancy of monkeys (IX)]. PMID- 6803045 TI - [Analysis of gases of the fetal blood]. PMID- 6803046 TI - Increased alveolar-capillary membrane permeability by monocrotaline. AB - To study the effect of monocrotaline on the pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane permeability, cardiac catheterization, extravascular lung water content and absorption of 14C-compounds from the rat lungs in combination with morphological observations were studied in the early stage of monocrotaline intoxications. Purified monocrotaline or its pyrrole was administered to rats with various doses. Single dose of 50 mg/kg of monocrotaline was enough to induce pulmonary hypertension 4 weeks later, but neither immediate nor direct pressor effect was observed by monocrotaline or active pyrrole. Only 3 to 5 mg/kg of pyrrole was enough to produce alveolar flooding with increased extravascular lung water content and accelerated absorption of 14C-mannitol and 14C-inulin from lungs 24 hours after administration. In contrast with fast and potent effect of pyrrole, effect of monocrotaline was mild and delayed in development. These findings suggested that monocrotaline increased the porosity of not only endothelial but also alveolar membrane by active metabolite. PMID- 6803047 TI - A case of idiopathic hypothalamic hypothyroidism. AB - The availability of thyrotropin hormone (TRH) has made it possible to determine whether tropic hormone deficiency is caused by pituitary or hypothalamic dysfunction. A case of hypothalamic hypothyroidism was described ina a 17 year old woman. This patient was admitted for the evaluation of hypothyroidism and secondary amenorrhea. Her T3 and T4 were decreased, with an undetectable level of base line thyrotropin. the TRH test revealed normal but delayed response of TSH. Her base line prolactin and its response to TRH were normal. Adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), and urinary 17-hydroxysteroids were also normal. ACTH response to metyrapone was normal. Evaluation of the pituitary-gonadal axis revealed a normal increase in both lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) following the intravenous administration of lutenizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). These results suggest that she had hypothalamic hypothyroidism as an isolated disturbance in the hypothalamic pituitary axis. A deficiency of TRH is probably caused by a disorder of hypothalamic function of unknown etiology since the extensive studies did not reveal any secondary causes. It is recommended that patients with amenorrhea and hypothyroidism be evaluated for possible hypothalamic hypothyroidism. PMID- 6803048 TI - Localization of Bence Jones proteins in the kidney of myeloma patients. AB - Six cases of multiple myeloma were studied regarding functions and pathology of the kidney. Glomerular changes were minimal, whereas tubular and interstitial changes were noted in all cases. Tubular cells were degenerative and atrophic in cases excreting more than 3 g BJP daily in the urine. Cases without BJP had only minor changes. The most severe impairment of renal function was found in a patient with Fanconi's syndrome, with hypercalcemia, calcium in the tubules, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. In attempting to correlate immunoglobulin abnormalities with renal histology, immunoperoxidase staining of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains were done on kidney sections. Glomerular and interstitial tissues gave a definitely negative reaction. In contrast, positive staining of light chain of corresponding type wrs found in the cytoplasma of the tubules and most tubular casts, with different degrees possibly in accord with the amounts of BJP. PMID- 6803049 TI - Culture of the islets of Langerhans for transplantation. AB - The isolated islets of Langerhans are the most available donors for transplantation. As the preservation of the isolated islets is difficult, we attempted to keep these tissues viable by use of an organ culture. Islets of Langerhans from adult Wistar rats were isolated by a collagenase technique and cultured in air-CO2 (95-5%) incubator at 37 degrees C. Insulin contents of the culture media which was changed every 3 days ranged from 1097 to 1434 microunits/ml during the 80 days' culture period. Transplantation of these islets into the portal vein of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats resulted in a good recovery from the diabetic state. These studies indicate that cultured islets do preserve their original biological abilities. PMID- 6803050 TI - [Experimental pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803051 TI - [Pulmonary edema induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea--usual ultrastructural, immuno electron microscopical and freeze fracture studies]. PMID- 6803052 TI - [Experimental lung cancer in rabbits, mice and rats induced by chemical carcinogens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803053 TI - [Evaluation of gas exchange efficiency in the lungs by mixed venous blood gases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803054 TI - Morphologic transformation and chromosomal changes induced by chemical carcinogens in skin fibroblasts from patients with familial adenomatosis coli. AB - Skin fibroblasts from patients with familial adenomatosis coli (AC) and normal individuals were treated once with the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide or N methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and then passaged sequentially. Morphologically altered cells appeared in the cultures of carcinogen-treated AC fibroblasts at passages 6-8 (days 100-140) after treatment with the carcinogens, but carcinogen-treated normal cells and untreated AC and normal cells did not become altered even after cultivation for 25 passages. The cultures containing morphologically altered cells showed characteristics of transformed cells, such as a high frequency of colony formation in soft agarose, increased growth ability, and chromosomal abnormalities. The results suggest tha AC patients have increased susceptibility to morphologic transformation and chromosomal changes induced by chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6803055 TI - Bile acids: effects on absorption of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in the colon of the rat and guinea pig. AB - The specific effects of bile acids as cocarcinogens were investigated. Absorptions of [14C]7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, [14C]dimethylhydrazine ([14C]DMH), and [3H]inulin from loops of colons from outbred Sprague-Dawley rats and Hartley guinea pigs were determined. In each animal absorption of one carcinogen and inulin was studied in one control loop and in an experimental loop containing either deoxycholic acid (DOC) or chenodeoxycholic acid (CDOC). DOC had a more pronounced effect on increasing loss of carcinogen from the intestinal lumen than did CDOC. This role of bile acids was consistent with their known effect of increasing intestinal permeability. Less carcinogen remained in the colon mucosa when DOC was present in the intestinal lumen. Although [14C]DMH was absorbed more rapidly from the intestinal lumina of guinea pigs than from those of rats, the rat accumulated more of the carcinogen in the intestinal mucosa and liver. PMID- 6803056 TI - Liver DNA bound in vivo with aflatoxin B1 as a measure of hepatocarcinoma initiation in rainbow trout. AB - The in vivo binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to liver DNA was measured in rainbow trout subjected to various regimens and in coho salmon to determine if binding would correlate with tumor incidence and initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. Establishment of time-course binding parameters showed no significant difference between 4, 12, 24, or 48 hours. Doses of 5, 25, 100, and 300 micrograms AFB1/kg body weight produced an almost linear increase in binding with increasing dose. Compared to that of controls, AFB1-DNA binding was twofold lower in beta naphthoflavone-treated trout and twentyfold lower in coho salmon. These two comparisons reflected a decrease in the effective activation and binding of AFB1, correlated with tumor incidence, and are believed to correlate with a decrease in the initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. AFB1 binding was not significantly altered by dietary protein or cyclopropenoid fatty acids, which are thought to increase hepatocellular carcinoma incidence through promotional effects. The data were consistent with the view that in vivo binding of AFB1 to liver DNA is a measure of cancer inititation by AFB1 and correlated with the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in salmonid fish. PMID- 6803057 TI - Peptidoglycans extracted from gram-positive bacteria: expression of antitumor activity according to peptide structure and route of injection. AB - The antitumor effect of peptidoglycans of various structures extracted from different gram-positive bacteria was studied, on chemically induced fibrosarcomas, in C3H/He, C57BL/6, and (C57BL/6 X C3H/He)F1 mice. When given sc admixed with tumor cells, only some peptidoglycans (those extracted from Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus) enhanced tumor resistance in syngeneic and semiallogeneic hosts, whereas other peptidoglycans (those extracted from Micrococcus lysodeikticus and Corynebacterium poinsettiae) possessed no antitumor effect. When tumor cells were given ip, administration of peptidoglycans by the same route was either without effect on tumor growth or it induced tumor enhancement. Enhancement could be observed with all of the peptidoglycans tested. The antitumor effect when given sc and the ability to stimulate the proliferation of B-lymphocytes were shared by the same two peptidoglycans, while the other two peptidoglycans were devoid of both activities. It appears that these biological activities depend on the structure of the peptide moiety of peptidoglycans and that mitogenic and antitumor responses are stimulated by similar structures. PMID- 6803058 TI - Oral mucosal carcinogenesis in hamsters: inhibition by vitamin E. AB - Eighty young adult male and female Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were divided into 4 equal experimental groups. In group I animals the left buccal pouch was painted three times weekly with a 0.5% solution of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in heavy mineral oil. In group 2 animals the left buccal pouch was similarly painted with DMBA, but the animals also received orally 10 mg vitamin E (dl-alpha-tocopherol) in peanut oil twice weekly on alternate days with DMBA painting. Group 1 animals received a similar amount of peanut oil vehicle, group 3 animals received only vitamin E (vitamin E controls) in peanut oil, and group 4 animals served as untreated controls receiving only peanut oil. Four animals in each group (2 males and 2 females) were killed at 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 weeks. Buccal pouches were photographed and excised, and tumors were noted and measured in the left buccal pouches. In group 2 animals receiving vitamin E, tumor formation was significantly delayed, so that by 14-16 weeks there were fewer tumors and their average size was smaller than that of tumors in group 1 animals that were painted with DMBA but received no vitamin E supplement. In group 2 there was also less invasion of underlying tissues and less surface necrosis. PMID- 6803059 TI - [Use of a mathematical model for evaluation of tuberculosis case-finding with mass miniature radiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803060 TI - Prolongation of canine allograft survival with donor pretreatment. AB - Donor pretreatment of 100 mg/kg each of cyclophosphamide (CY) and methylprednisolone (P) infused 5 hours before nephrectomy invariably prolongs the survival of DLA mismatched, MLC incompatible nonlittermate Beagle renal allografts as well as the survival of mongrel renal allografts. The effect of donor pretreatment appears to be mediated by cyclophosphamide and its metabolites because methylprednisolone pretreatment does not significantly prolong survival. Methylprednisolone is needed, however, because it abolishes cyclophosphamide pretreatment mediated early but transient postoperative renal (allograft) insufficiency. The effect of donor pretreatment appears to be mediated by drugs residing in the graft; mannitol infusions given 1 hour prior to donor nephrectomy or peroperatively into the recipient decrease the renal cortical content of carbon 14 cyclophosphamide and its metabolites and abolishes the prolonged survival. Because donor pretreated kidneys contain less than 0.5% of the infused dose of carbon 14 cyclophosphamide, the drugs appear to exert their effect locally in the transplanted kidney. Donor pretreatment mediating prolonged canine renal allograft survival appears to be an example of influencing a biological process by a localized drug delivery by virtue of unique properties of the drug and because early postoperatively host sensitization occurs mainly at the site of the graft. PMID- 6803061 TI - Comparison of pituitary-thyroid function in patients with endstage renal disease and in age- and sex-matched controls. AB - The response to i.v. bolus thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of 14 dialysis patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) was compared to the response of 14 age- and sex-matched renal clinic patients (controls) with normal renal function (serum creatinine concentrations less than 1.2 mg/dl). The mean basal serum levels of thyrotropin (TSH) were similar in the two groups. There was no difference between the two groups in the mean maximal increase in TSH after TRH (6.3 microU/ml and 7.2 microU/ml in ESRD and control groups, respectively); The rate of fall in TSH from 60 to 90 min after TRH was slower in the ESRD group than in the controls. The mean increase in serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration after TRH was similar in both groups (25.4 ng/dl, ESRD; 18.4 ng/dl, controls). As previously reported, basal serum T3 content was subnormal in the ESRD patients. Serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were comparable in control and ESRD groups and did not change significantly during the 90-min TRH test in either group. We conclude that ESRD patients, clinically stable on dialysis, have normal pituitary TRH responsiveness and normal thyroidal response to endogenous TSH secretion, as compared with an age- and sex-matched group of patients with normal renal function. The results of this study support the contention that ESRD patients are eumetabolic. PMID- 6803062 TI - Sorbent regenerative hemodialysis as a potential cause of acute hypercapnia. PMID- 6803063 TI - [The use of intravenous narcotics in children]. PMID- 6803064 TI - Colonisation and aflatoxin formation by Aspergillus spp. on brown rices differing in endosperm properties. PMID- 6803065 TI - Shared-resource computing for small research labs. AB - A real time laboratory computer network is described. This network is composed of four real-time laboratory minicomputers located in each of four division laboratories and a larger minicomputer in a centrally located computer room. Off the shelf hardware and software were used with no customization. The network is configured for resource sharing using DECnet communications software and the RSX 11-M multi-user real-time operating system. The cost effectiveness of the shared resource network and multiple real-time processing using priority scheduling is discussed. Examples of utilization within a medical research department are given. PMID- 6803066 TI - The effects of acute exercise on the level of blood serum tri-iodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine index (FTI) in the aging male. PMID- 6803067 TI - The lowering of postischemic compartment pressures with mannitol. PMID- 6803068 TI - Total parenteral nutrition solution increases bile lithogenicity in rat. PMID- 6803069 TI - The metabolism of aldosterone in target tissues. PMID- 6803070 TI - Diethylstilbestrol reversal of gonadotropin patterns in infant rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6803071 TI - The oncostatic effect of methyl-CCNU on various experimental lymphoreticular neoplasms. AB - Studies on the chemotherapeutic potential of methyl-CCNU on experimental leukemias were undertaken. A number of murine transplantable in vivo lines (chemical carcinogen-induced T and B leukemias; radiation- and viral-induced T leukemias of C57BL/6, C3H/eb and SJL/J origin; radiation-induced myeloid leukemias and spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasms of SJL/J mine) were used in these studies. The optimal dose of methyl-CCNU and optimal timing of administration were extensively investigated on two sample lines of T cell leukemias of C57BL/6 mice. Leukemic cell eradication could be achieved in almost all of the different leukemias treated, irrespective of whether induction was brought about by chemical or physical means or due to a viral leukemogenic agent. Studies undertaken to elucidate the effect of methyl-CCNU on the establishment of preleukemic cells following induction of leukemia by the radiation leukemia virus (RadLV) or by total body irradiation, indicated the oncostatic effect of methyl CCNU on early preleukemic cells. PMID- 6803072 TI - [Yellow body function in bromocryptine induced early pregnancy in patients with hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. AB - In six patients estrogens and gonadotropins were low and the prolactin concentration was increased (36-128 micrograms/l). Amenorrhea in all patients lasted 8-60 months, while galactorrhea was observed in five patients. By the X ray of the sella turcica and neurologic and ophthalmologic examinations no signs of an intrasellar expansive process were revealed. The progesterone test was negative in four patients and the clomiphene test in all six patients. The LH-RH test (100 micrograms i. m.) showed the increased LH and FSH concentrations in all six patients. They all became pregnant in the course of the bromocryptine treatment (5-7.5 mg daily). Pregnanediol and prolactin concentrations were recorded every 14 days in the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, both in six patients and in eleven controls with spontaneous pregnancy. The pregnanediol concentrations proved somewhat higher in the control group than in patients having become pregnant under the bromocryptine therapy, but the differences are not statistically significant. However, the prolactin concentrations were significantly lower in controls than in pregnant women with the hyperprolactinemic anovulatory syndrome (p less than 0.01) in the sixth to the twelfth week of pregnancy. PMID- 6803074 TI - Neurochemical characteristics of cerebral catecholamine neurons during the postnatal development in the rat. AB - The development of cerebral dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) neurons was studied biochemically in 1- to 28-day-old rats. The precursor amino acid tyrosine increased to a steady state level in the whole brain during early postnatal age. After 14 days, however, there was a marked drop in the brain tyrosine level. In general, regional tyrosine levels also decreased between 4 and 28 days. DOPA accumulation was measured in whole brain and regional brain areas after inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with NSD 1015. This is a well recognized method for estimating the in vivo rate of tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Whole brain DOPA accumulation after NSD 1015 increased progressively during postnatal life, and between 1 and 28 days a more than 3-fold increase was noted. Similar increases were also found in whole brain DA and NA levels during the corresponding period. Regional DA and NA levels generally increased with advancing age, with the highest DA levels in the striatum region and NA levels in the midbrain region. Regional DOPA accumulation after NSD 1015, reflecting in vivo tyrosine hydroxylase activity, increased in a similar fashion as the endogenous neurotransmitter levels. Measurements of DA and NA disappearance after alpha-methyltyrosine indicated the existence of an adult-like nerve impulse activity in DA neurons in the striatum and midbrain regions and in NA neurons in the hemispheres region of the 4-day-old rats. Gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHBA), which causes an inhibition of nerve impulse activity, was given to 4- and 28-day old rats. This induced an initial increase in CA synthesis as measured by the NSD 1015 method at both ages. The results from this investigation show that the age related regional increases in endogenous DA and NA levels closely follow the increase in regional tyrosine hydroxylase activity measured in vivo. Furthermore, the study also supports the view that feed-back mechanisms, resulting in an increased transmitter synthesis, exist in DA neurons after nerve impulse inhibition by GHBA at an early postnatal age. PMID- 6803073 TI - [Diverticula of the female urethra (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803075 TI - A phenotypic association between the blood group antigen Nea and the Rh antigen D. AB - Using several methods the polymorphic blood group antigen Nea was shown to be more strongly expressed on D+ than on D- and Du adult red blood cells. No serologically demonstrable influence on Nea strength could, however, be seen either by the Rh phenotype in general or, in particular, by the Rh antigens C or E. In contrast, this phenotypic association between the Rh antigen D and Nea was not present when cord blood samples were tested. In Ne(a+) cord bloods, whether D+, D-, or Du, Nea was always strongly expressed. The paper points out that these findings have their exact analogies in those reported for the very high frequency antigen LW. PMID- 6803076 TI - Rat liver ornithine decarboxylase purification and some immunochemical studies. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase [EC. 4.1.1.17] was purified 3.5 X 10(5)-fold with an overall yield of 8% from livers of rats treated with thioacetamide and DL-alpha hydrazino-delta-aminovaleric acid. The enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by three criteria, namely polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulphate and Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion analysis. The final specific activity was 1.1 X 10(6) nmol/h mg protein, which closely coincided with the value predicted by Pritchard et al. (16). The enzyme was composed of two identical subunits and the molecular weight was estimated to be 105,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses at several different gel concentrations. It was shown by an immunochemical method that diet-induced change in hepatic ornithine decarboxylase activity was due mostly, if not totally, to the change in the amount of enzyme protein. PMID- 6803077 TI - Polyamine metabolism as related to growth and hormones. AB - Previous work had revealed a connection between high histamine formation and certain types of rapid growth. Since then evidences have accumulated that diamines abd polyamines affect an impressive number of reactions pertinent to cell growth and proliferation. In studies on polyamine metabolism as related to growth and hormones we have preferentially been working with three types of biological model systems, i.e. the pregnant rat, the gonadotrophin stimulated rat ovary and the mouse kidney induced to growth by androgenic or anabolic steroids. PMID- 6803078 TI - Metabolism of acetyl derivatives of polyamines in cultured polyamine-deficient rat hepatoma cells. AB - The acetyl derivatives of polyamines, N1-acetylspermine (N1-AcSPM) and N1 acetylspermidine (N1-AcSPD), are in vitro better substrates of tissue polyamine oxidase than the corresponding non-acetylated polyamines. Rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cells, depleted of their putrescine (PUT) and spermidine (SPD) content by the use of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMeOrn), an irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, were used to study in situ the catabolism of these acetyl derivatives of polyamines. Normal intracellular spermidine content was restored by the addition of N1-acetylspermidine to polyamine deficient cells. Addition of spermine (SPM) did not restore the spermidine content, although this polyamine elevated the spermine content of the cells. N1 Acetylspermidine reestablished normal spermidine levels of the cells and elevated the cellular putrescine content more efficiently and more rapidly than spermidine. Monoacetylputrescine and N1, N12-diacetylspermine (di-AcSPM) were ineffective in restoring putrescine and spermidine contents. These findings support the concept that N1-acetylspermine and N1-acetylspermidine are natural substrates of tissue polyamine oxidase and suggest poor membrane permeability of monoacetylputrescine (AcPUT) and N1, N12-diacetylspermine. Furthermore, they indicate that acetylation of polyamines by the cytosolic acetyl CoA: polyamine N1 acetyltransferase is the rate-limiting step of polyamine catabolism in rat hepatoma cells. Growth inhibition by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine was reversed by N1-acetylspermine and N1-acetylspermidine but not by monoacetylputrescine and N1, N12-diacetylspermine. These results suggest again that the antiproliferative effect of DL-alpha-dilfuoromethylornithine is related to inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis. PMID- 6803079 TI - Role of polyamines in HeLa cell proliferation. AB - HeLa cells were synchronized for S phase DNA synthesis by the double thymidine block procedure and simultaneously depleted of putrescine and spermidine with the irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine. S phase DNA synthesis was inhibited and cell proliferation was prevented in the cells in which polyamines were depleted by the inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. Nuclei prepared from synchronized, polyamine-depleted cells were almost totally inactivated for in vitro DNA synthesis. S phase DNA synthesis was restored and normal cell proliferation occurred if either putrescine, spermidine, or spermine was added to the medium during the synchronization of the cells in the presence of alpha-difluoromethyl ornithine. Nucleic prepared from cells synchronized in media containing the inhibitor but supplemented with a polyamine during the synchronization procedure were also completely active in the synthesis of DNA in vitro. The results indicate that polyamines are required for the replication of DNA in HeLa cells. PMID- 6803080 TI - Role of the polyamines in germ cell differentiation and in early embryonic development. AB - The physiological function of the polyamines in germ cell differentiation and in early embryonic development was studied with the aid of the highly specific polyamine synthesis inhibitors DL-alpha-methylornithine (MO) and DL-alpha difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). In the invertebrate Ophryotrocha labronica DFMO induced polyamine deficiency severely affected nucleolar formation and activity in germ cell differentiation as revealed by RNA-labelling experiments and by ultrastructural analysis. Both in an invertebrate (Ophryotrocha labronica) and in a vertebrate (chick), inhibitor-induced polyamine deficiency caused a block of embryonic development at gastrulation. The major ultrastructural effect observed in the arrested embryos was an interference with nucleolar formation. Our data suggest that polyamine synthesis is essential for the ribosomal gene expression that is associated with oogenesis and embryogenesis. PMID- 6803081 TI - Use of polyamine antimetabolites in experimental tumours and in human leukemia. PMID- 6803083 TI - Will monoclonal antibodies solve the secret of the major histocompatibility complex? PMID- 6803084 TI - Recent findings in understanding the biological function of vitamin K. AB - Vitamin K is required for the posttranslational modification of liver precursors of prothrombin, blood coagulation Factors VII, IX, and X and additional proteins of undetermined functions in plasma and other tissues. This modification involves the formation of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid, an acidic amino acid needed for the interaction of these proteins with calcium ions. The vitamin is a cofactor of a unique microsomal carboxylase which requires the reduced form of vitamin K, CO2, and molecular oxygen. The vitamin is apparently oxidized to its 2,3-epoxide during the carboxylation reaction. Liver microsomes also contain an enzyme which catalyzes the reduction of the epoxide to the vitamin, vitamin K epoxide reductase, and a number of vitamin K reductases. The epoxide reductase appears to be the site of the anticoagulant action of 4-hydroxycoumarins, commonly used as oral anticoagulants. PMID- 6803082 TI - An approach to the use of polyamine inhibitors for cancer therapy. AB - Polyamine biosynthesis inhibition is being studied intensively as a new approach to cancer chemotherapy. In order to utilize appropriately compounds that deplete intracellular levels of polyamines, the effects of polyamines depletion on tumor and normal cell growth and the interaction of these inhibitors with chemotherapeutic agents must be understood. These topics are discussed briefly with respect to the general rationale for the treatment of brain tumors, and a number of potential advantages and disadvantages of the use of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors in cancer chemotherapy protocols are discussed. PMID- 6803085 TI - Acidic glycosaminoglycans inhibit the uptake of tritiated thymidine by rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in culture. AB - The effect of exogenous glycosaminoglycans on the growth rate of rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells in culture was studied by determinations of cell number, cell protein and the uptake of [3H]thymidine as well as its incorporation into DNA. Glycosaminoglycans did not affect the growth rate of the cells. Expect for heparin, however, all the glycosaminoglycans studied chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and hyaluronic acid interfered with the uptake of [3H]thymidine into the cells. So errors may arise if [3H]thymidine methods alone are used when studying the growth rate of cultured cells in the presence of glycosaminoglycans. PMID- 6803086 TI - Food intake following systemic 6-hydroxydopamine injection. AB - Food intakes of intact and adreno-demedullated rats acclimated at 5 degree C or 23 degree C for 5 weeks were examined for a period of 7 days following i.p. treatment of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Controls were treated with acidified saline. All 6-OHDA rats had significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in food intake on the day following treatment. Food intake of cold-acclimated rats returned to the level of control rats on day 3 while that of non-cold-acclimated did not until day 7. A general malaise resulting from severe cardiovascular hypotension was suggested as the cause of reduction, and the requisite drive for energy sources attenuated the reduction in food intake subsequent to 6-OHDA administration. PMID- 6803087 TI - [Evaluation of the nutritional status of the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 6803088 TI - [Systemic mastocytosis. Treatment with disodium cromoglycate and H1 and H2 receptor antagonists]. PMID- 6803089 TI - Prostaglandins and inflammatory reactions in the eye. AB - Evidence for the biosynthesis and release of prostaglandins and related substances in pathophysiological states of ocular tissues is reviewed and their participation in ocular injury and acute inflammation discussed. Ocular tissues are capable of generating prostaglandins from the endogenous or exogenous precursor, arachidonic acid. Prostaglandins are released into the aqueous humour in response to paracentesis, mechanical or laser injury to the iris, and in experimental immunogenic and non-immunogenic ocular inflammation. Antidromic stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, formaldehyde or nitrogen mustard-induced irritation of the eye do not cause the release of prostaglandins, nor are the responses to these stimuli inhibited by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors. Prostaglandins in small doses administered topically or intraocularly produce some of the responses of injury and inflammation, such as hyperaemia, miosis, breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier and rise in intraocular pressure. Also, E type prostaglandins administered topically together with histamine (but not the individual components) cause cellular infiltration and produce oedema in conjunctival tissues. Non-steroidal aspirin-like drugs at concentrations which inhibit prostaglandin biosynthesis markedly block injury responses but have only a moderate inhibitory effect on acute inflammatory reactions of the eye. The present evidence suggests that prostaglandins are involved in some of the injury and inflammatory responses. However, recent studies indicate that the intermediates of arachidonic acid metabolism, especially hydroxy fatty acids, may play a greater role in inflammatory responses. PMID- 6803090 TI - [Surgical problems following radiotherapy -- from the radiotherapist's point of view (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803091 TI - [The present status of radiotherapy and combined modality in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803092 TI - Cysteamine reduces serum gonadotropin concentrations in adult male rats. AB - We have examined the effects of cysteamine on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of the adult male rat. A single subcutaneous injection of cysteamine (300 mg/kg) reduces significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05 serum concentrations of LH, FSH and T. Cysteamine blocked LH secretion induced by castration and administration of naloxone and LHRH. Neither acute nor chronic treatment (7 days) altered the hypothalamic LHRH content. These results suggest that cysteamine acts to reduce pituitary responsiveness to LHRH, resulting in lower mean serum gonadotropin and testosterone concentrations. It is possible, however, that cysteamine acts also at the hypothalamus to reduce LHRH secretion and/or at the testes to reduce testosterone release. PMID- 6803093 TI - Alteration in molecular species of phosphatidylethanolamine between anesthetic resistant and sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - An analysis of lipid composition was carried out in resistant and sensitive strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Amount of total lipid and amount of phosphate of phospholipids were not different from each other in both strains. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) did not differ in amount between both strains. Determination of molecular species of PE using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry showed that the resistant strain had increased 34:2 and decreased 36:2, 36:3 and 36:5 relative to the sensitive strain. The molecular species of PC did not differ between the two strains. Chromosomal analysis revealed that the alterations in 34:2 and 36:2 of PE were regulated by the X- and third chromosomes of the resistant strain. Therefore, the changes in PE may explain the mechanism of anesthetic resistance because genetic analyses indicate that these chromosomes have more influence on the anesthetic resistant traits of the resistant strain. PMID- 6803094 TI - Structure activity relationship studies with hypothalamic peptide hormones. II. Effects of thyrotropin releasing hormone analogs on morphine-induced responses in mice. PMID- 6803095 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) inducible monooxygenases in rabbits and mice: species and organ specificities. AB - The effects of the PCBs mixture, Aroclor 1254, as modifiers of monooxygenases were studied in rabbits and mice. From data presented, it is not possible to generalize the biological effects of PCBs observed with rats, namely, that they are potent, nonspecific inducers of monooxygenase activities. This environmental pollutant enhanced microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in livers of rabbits and C57Bl/6J and DBA/2J mice. In rabbit lung, it inhibited, and in rabbit kidney, it enhanced the metabolism of ethylmorphine. Further, at dosages used, PCBs were poor inducers of aryl (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase activity in livers of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice; they enhanced aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in rabbit kidney but caused a significant depression of its activity in rabbit lung. These studies demonstrate that the biologic impact of the widely distributed environmental pollutant, PCBs, may differ in different species and emphasize the need to carry out toxicological studies in more than one species of animals. The differential effects observed on various organs may also be important determinants of organ-targeted chemical toxicity. PMID- 6803096 TI - False positive direct films in tuberculosis bacteriology. PMID- 6803098 TI - [Chagas disease and arterial pressure]. PMID- 6803097 TI - [Results of the use of variants of radiotherapy of esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6803099 TI - Uptake of vaccinia virus by Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6803100 TI - Characterization and comparison of aminopeptidase activity of various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - The aminopeptidase activity of three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Rv, H37Ra, and M. tuberculosis from a patient, was partially purified and characterized. The activity from all three organisms was found to be very similar, if not identical. All three aminopeptidases eluted at a similar salt concentration on DEAE Bio-Gel; were active on the same synthetic and peptide substrates; had molecular weights of 75-76,000; were found to be stable between pH 5 and 8, and 4 degrees and 40 degrees C; and had a pH optimum of 7. They were inhibited by low concentrations of Hg2+, Cu2+ and Co2+; metal chelators; and 4 chloromercuribenzoic acid. A number of amino acids and several antibiotics were also found to be inhibitory. Of the antibiotics tested, rifampicin and bacitracin were the most effective. PMID- 6803101 TI - Properties of alpha-glucosidase from Lactobacillus acidophilus NCTC 1723. AB - Lactobacillus acidophilus NCTC 1723 produced intracellular and extracellular alpha-glucosidase (alpha-D-glucoside glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.20). The alpha glucosidase was partially purified by ammonium sulphate fractionation and DEAE cellulose column chromatography, and attained a 10.3-fold purification. The Km for alpha-PNPG was 2.9 mM and the Vmax for alpha-PNPG hydrolysis was 6.45 mumole ml-1 min-1. The enzyme was stable only at pH 6.0-7.5 while incubated at 25 degrees C. At pH 6.5, a 100% activity was retained at 15 degrees-37 degrees C. However, the enzyme was easily destroyed at 50 degrees C. The pH optimum for stability of the enzyme at low temperature (2 degrees C) was between 5 and 6. It was found that addition of Mn++, Ba++ and EDTA, to the medium stimulated alpha glucosidase activity, while the presence of Hg++, Cu++, Co++, Ni++, Zn++, L histidine, arabitol, erythritol, sorbitol and glycerol inhibited enzyme activity. Although isomaltase activity was found in the partially purified alpha glucosidase, it was not known whether this activity was an intrinsic capability of the enzyme. Transglucosylase and weak glucoamylase activities were also found to associate with the partially purified alpha-glucosidase. Since only the alpha 1,6 linked isomaltose was detected as the transferase product, it was thought that the alpha-glucosidase was capable of glucosyl transfer via alpha-1,6 glucosidic bonds. PMID- 6803102 TI - [Effect of the method of Bacillus subtilis 21/3 cellular disintegration on the enzymatic activity of cell-free extracts]. PMID- 6803103 TI - [Cytomorphological changes in Escherichia coli cells exposed to alkylating compounds]. PMID- 6803104 TI - [Interspecies recombination in Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces olivaceus and Streptomyces coelicolor]. PMID- 6803106 TI - [Differentiation of the genera of coryneform bacteria synthesizing amino acids and nucleotides]. AB - The morphological, cultural, physio-biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties as well as the content of GC in DNA were studied in coryneform bacterial strains producing amino acids and nucleotides. It has been shown that Brevibacterium ammoniagenes VKM 672, B. flavum 317A, B. stationis CCM 317 and Corynebacterium VSTI 301 should be assigned to the genus Corynebacterium. The taxonomic significance of chemotaxonomic and physio-biochemical properties is discussed on the basis of the results obtained and the data reported in literature. Apparently, coryneform bacterial genera having such chemotaxonomic properties as meso-DAPA, arabinose galactose and mycolic acids are related, and their physio biochemical characteristics reflect the evolutionary development of coryneform bacterial groups in the course of which they have adapted to various ecological niches. PMID- 6803105 TI - [Characteristics of microorganisms subjected to the action of a vacuum]. AB - The object of this work was to study the effect of vacuum on Endomyces magnusii, Serratia marcescens, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium luteum. The zone of tolerance to the water activity was determined for the intact cells of E. magnusii and for the cells subjected to vacuum. Suspensions of the above cells were studied by UV spectroscopy with the aim of detecting changes in the permeability of cell membrane after the action of vacuum. PMID- 6803107 TI - [Effect of cyanobacteria excretions and cell biomass on hydrocarbon-oxidizing mycobacteria]. AB - The presence of cyanobacterial cells and their exocellular excretions in an aqueous ecosystem stimulated biodegradation of diesel fuel. As was established using the technique of complete factor analysis, nitrogen addition to the medium and the presence of cyanobacterial cells in it are important for the growth of oil-oxidizing bacteria, while exocellular excretions of the cells are not sufficient for such a growth. The mycobacterial growth depended, to a certain extent, on the age of cyanobacterial cultures. PMID- 6803108 TI - [Cleavage of the side chain of sitosterol by R, S and M mycobacteria variants]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the capability of the R, S and M variants of 12 strains belonging to 5 mycobacterial species to decompose sitosterol and to transform it, in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline, yielding pregnenecarboxylic acid, androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione and sitostenone. All of the cultures decompose sitosterol, the cells of the M variant being most active and the cells of the R variant having the lowest activity. Differences in the products of transformation were observed not only among species, but also, to a strong degree, among variants of one and the same mycobacterial species. PMID- 6803111 TI - [Enzymes of ammonia assimilation in bacteria with different C1-metabolic pathways]. AB - The object of this work was to study enzymes involved in ammonium assimilation by 15 bacterial strains of different taxonomy. The bacteria utilizing methanol and methylated amines as the sources of carbon and energy have one of the three cyclic pathways of C1-metabolism: the serine pathway, the hexulose phosphate pathway or the ribulose diphosphate pathway. The bacteria were found to differ in the enzymes for ammonium assimilation according to the pathways of primary C1 metabolism. The bacteria with the serine cycle were characterized by the reductive amination of pyruvate and the operation of the glutamate cycle (glutamine synthetases and glutamate synthases). The reductive amination of alpha ketoglutarate is the principal pathway of ammonium nitrogen assimilation in the bacteria with the hexulose phosphate cycle. The bacteria using reduced C1 substrates autotrophically, i.e. via the ribulose diphosphate pathway, have the enzymes of the glutamate cycle, but are characterized by low activities, if any, of amino acid dehydrogenases. PMID- 6803109 TI - [Functional characteristics of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in bacteria producing lysine]. AB - Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, or PEP-c (EC 4.1.1.31), was shown to be the only enzyme catalyzing anaplerotic synthesis of oxalacetic acid in Brevibacterium flavum synthesizing lysine. Acetyl-CoA is required for the operation of PEP-c in the strains. Changes in the activity of PEP-c did not entirely correlate with those of the citric acid cycle enzymes. Hence, PEP-c is involved not only in the citric acid cycle, but also in other functions of the cell. A correlation has been found between changes in the activity of PEP-c, the enzymes of the citric acid cycle and lysine production in B. flavum. PMID- 6803110 TI - [Effect of oxygen and substrates for growth on the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity of microorganisms]. AB - The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in Azotobacter vinelandii, Citrobacter freundii, Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, Thiocapsa roseopersicina and Spirulina platensis is far higher when the cultures are grown under the aerobic conditions. The activities of SOD and catalase are higher in R. capsulata cells cultivated in a medium with glucose in the dark under the aerobic conditions than in cells grown under the same conditions but in the light. R. capsulata grown in a medium with glucose and T. roseopersicina cultivated in a medium with formate or pyruvate had higher activities of SOD and catalase than R. capsulata grown in a medium with acetate and T. roseopersicina cultivated in a medium with glucose. Irrespective of the growth conditions, the highest activity of SOD was manifested by C. freundii while that of catalase by A. vinelandii 1. C. freundii and T. roseopersicina contained both Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD whereas A. vinelandii and Rh. capsulata contained only Mn-SOD. The SOD from R. capsulata was purified to a homogeneous state. Its molecular weight is about 40,000 and it contains 1 Mn mole per mole of the enzyme. PMID- 6803113 TI - [Formation of resting refractile cells in Bacillus cereus as affected by an autoregulatory factor]. AB - Extracellular membrane-active compounds were shown to induce the transition of vegetative cells in the producing culture into resting refractile forms. The forms are characterized by the absence of energy, biosynthetic and destructive processes, by the capability to remain viable for a long time, and by a peculiar ultrafine organization. The physiological state and the ultrafine organization of B. cereus cells were found to change under the action of the autoregulatory factor introduced in the culture. PMID- 6803112 TI - [Central metabolic characteristics of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture degrading DDT]. AB - The object of this work was to investigate the operation of enzymes of the citric acid cycle, the glyoxylate pathway, the glucose metabolism as well as of pyruvate and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa 640x capable of complete degradation of DDT under the conditions of cometabolism. The activity of isocitrate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases producing reduced NADP, which is required for reductive dechlorination of DDT, appears to be high. Pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31.) function simultaneously in the culture. Differences in the pathways of anaplerotic carbon dioxide fixation were found in P. aeruginosa 640x and the collection strain of P. aeruginosa PAO incapable of DDT degradation. PMID- 6803115 TI - [Parenteral feeding of intensive care patients]. PMID- 6803114 TI - [Effect of regulators on bacterial autolysis]. AB - The aim of this work was to study the effect of autolysis regulators (the fraction of microbial teichoic acids) on the rate of autolysis and the activity of bacterial extracellular lytic enzymes. The regulators of autolysis isolated from 23 cultures belonging to 10 microbial species regulated the rate of autolysis in Bacillus, E. coli and Streptococcus lactis. The regulators either activated or inhibited autolysis depending on the substrate (of a bacterium to be subjected to autolysis). The quantitative dependence of the autolysis rate on the regulator concentration was specific for each pair 'regulator--substrate'. The regulatory properties of the fraction of teichoic acids varied depending on the age of a culture from which they had been isolated. The regulators of autolysis, with an exception of the preparation from E. coli, inhibited the activity of B. subtilis extracellular lytic enzymes in the course of their action on E. coli cells. The possibility for using the regulators of autolysis in microbiological processes is discussed. PMID- 6803116 TI - [Malignant schwannoma]. PMID- 6803117 TI - [Blood cultures; germ spectrum and growth requirements]. PMID- 6803120 TI - Genital herpes infection--United States, 1966-1979. PMID- 6803119 TI - [A case of materno-fetal immunization without hemolytic disease]. PMID- 6803118 TI - A prospective randomized clinical trial of total parenteral nutrition in children with cancer. AB - A prospective randomized clinical trial was undertaken to test the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) among previously untreated children receiving abdominal/pelvic irradiation with or without adjuvant chemotherapy who were at risk for weight loss, malnutrition, and complications from treatment. Children were evaluated by weight/height determinations, anthropomorphic measurements, and laboratory studies. TPN was associated with an improved nutritional status during therapy as compared with control patients on ad libitum intake. However, when TPN was discontinued, weight declined and there were no differences among treated and control patients detected at three-month follow-up. Likewise there was no obvious effect from TPN on tolerance to therapy in the adequately nourished child. TPN as initial supportive therapy should be reserved for those children who are malnourished or marginally malnourished at the time of presentation. Close nutritional assessment during treatment is essential since approximately 25% of children undergoing abdominal/pelvic radiotherapy with chemotherapy can be expected to become malnourished during an initial course of therapy. PMID- 6803121 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6803122 TI - Quarantine measures. PMID- 6803123 TI - Measles, United States--weeks 5-8, 1982. PMID- 6803124 TI - [Circular permutation of DNA molecules of Streptomyces griseus Kr actinophage Pg2]. AB - DNA molecules of phage Pg2 have terminal repetitions and are partially circularly permuted. This was established by denaturation self-reannealing experiments and analysis of the distribution of denaturation loops in partially denatured Pg2 DNA molecules. The genome size is 40.8 kb, terminal repetitions are of about 2.2%, the degree of permutation is 35%. On the basis of the data on DNA melting temperature the content of GC pairs was found equal to 65%. PMID- 6803126 TI - A monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 in which some molecules possess glycosylated light chains--I. Site of glycosylation. PMID- 6803127 TI - [Common proctological diseases. Surgical therapy and postoperative course in pictures]. PMID- 6803128 TI - [A successful therapeutic agent in the rectal diseases]. PMID- 6803125 TI - [Studies of conformation of RNA-binding proteins from the small subparticle of Escherichia coli ribosomes by proton magnetic resonance]. PMID- 6803129 TI - [Multicentre clinical study of a novel preparation devoid of steroids in proctology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803130 TI - [Importance of proctology today]. PMID- 6803133 TI - [Proctology in general practice]. PMID- 6803134 TI - [Coloscopy in practise (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803131 TI - [The steroid-free hemorrhoidal preparation faktu. Results of trial in a specialist dermatological practise (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803132 TI - [A multicenter trial with the steroid-free hemorrhoidal preparation faktu (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803136 TI - [The health value of skiing]. PMID- 6803135 TI - [Practical angiology, Part 2. Dizziness attacks in manual labor]. PMID- 6803137 TI - [Salicylic acid derivatives. Weighing the risk of weakly active analgesics]. PMID- 6803138 TI - [Skiing in the long-term therapy of chronic diseases]. PMID- 6803139 TI - [Heart, circulatory and function values in ski high-endurance sportsmen]. PMID- 6803140 TI - [Cause and prevention of ski injuries]. PMID- 6803141 TI - [Safety ski binding. Medical viewpoints]. PMID- 6803142 TI - ["Slide-proof" ski clothing]. PMID- 6803143 TI - [As sports physician of the German National Ski Team. Insights and conclusions]. PMID- 6803144 TI - [Applied allergology, Part 16. External glucocorticosteroid therapy]. PMID- 6803146 TI - [Practical angiology, part 3. Local lysis]. PMID- 6803147 TI - [Neglected otorhinolaryngologic tumors]. PMID- 6803148 TI - [Early detection of cancer and precautionary care of the upper aero-digestive tract]. PMID- 6803145 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--slow weight loss: digitalis overdosing]. PMID- 6803149 TI - [Surgery of laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6803150 TI - [Radiotherapy of laryngeal cancer from the radio-oncologic view point]. PMID- 6803151 TI - [Squamous cell carcinomas of the ear, nose and throat: chemotherapy]. PMID- 6803152 TI - [Primary gastrointestinal diagnosis. Roentgen or endoscopy?]. PMID- 6803153 TI - [Weighing the risk of weakly active analgesics. Paraminophenol and pyrazole derivatives. Conclusion]. PMID- 6803154 TI - [Syphilis antibody determination in pregnancy]. PMID- 6803156 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside--coproporphyrinuria]. PMID- 6803155 TI - [Psychological and sex status of patients after radical prostatectomy]. PMID- 6803157 TI - Exercise and coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 6803158 TI - von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6803160 TI - Health Policy Report. Medicare's uncertain future. PMID- 6803161 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 22-1982. A nine-year-old girl with virilization and a calcified pelvic mass. PMID- 6803159 TI - Transient reversal of thrombocytopenia in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by high-dose intravenous gamma globulin. AB - Since recent observations indicate that treatment with high-dose intravenous polyvalent intact immunoglobulin leads to a rapid reversal of thrombocytopenia in the idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) of childhood, we decided to apply this treatment to adults with ITP and to test the possibility that the effect of the immunoglobulin might be attributable to transient blockade of the reticuloendothelial system. Using sequential clearance studies of autologous 99mTc-labeled and anti-Rh(D)-sensitized erythrocytes in four adults with ITP who were treated with total doses of 1 to 1.5 g of immunoglobulin per kilogram of body weight, we found that a transient rise in platelet counts to normal levels within four to five days was accompanied by a marked temporary prolongation of the immune-particle clearance time. These data suggest that commercial intravenous immunoglobulin preparations may interfere with phagocyte Fc-receptor mediated immune clearance. Since platelets in ITP treated with immunoglobulin were fully hemostatic, this type of therapy may allow surgical procedures to be performed safely in patients with this disease. PMID- 6803162 TI - A fixation method for visualization of yeast ultrastructure in the electron microscope. AB - A primary fixative containing glutaraldehyde (3%), acrolein (1.5%), and paraformaldehyde (1.5%) buffered in 0.05 M sodium cacodylate at pH 7.2 was applied to the cells Cryptococcus vishniacii for 2 hours on ice. The cells were then treated with a 6% aqueous solution of potassium permanganate for 1 hour at room temperature. This method preserves most of the yeast cell fine structural components including cell walls and membrane, nuclear membrane, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticula, microbodies, vacuoles, nucleoli, and ribosomes. However, it leads to disruption of capsular materials and loss of some of the lipid and glycogen granules. PMID- 6803163 TI - Uptake of Zn++ and aflatoxin from perlite and liquid culture by Zea mays seedlings. PMID- 6803164 TI - Antifungal activity of some Discomycetes. I. Biological spectrum of Ciboria rufo fusca (Weberb.) Sacc. AB - The antifungal activity was investigated in culture filtrates of 131 strains (41 genera and 104 species) of Ascomycetes--Discomycetes by testing against 6 fungal species which caused diseases in man. The anti-fungal spectrum was established for a Ciboria rufo-fusca strain, the only one found to inhibit all test organisms. This strain was also active against several gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. PMID- 6803165 TI - Detoxification of aflatoxin B1 by acidogenous yoghurt. AB - Serial concentrations of aflatoxin B1 ranged from 200 to 1000 p.p.b. were assayed for detoxification by acidogenous yoghurt. Thin-layered chromatography analysis revealed a complete transformation of 800 p.p.b. of aflatoxin B1 to a new fluorescing compound corresponding to aflatoxin B2a which is referred as hydroxydihydroaflatoxin B1. Partial conversion was present in yoghurt sample containing 1000 p.p.b. Toxicity test on chicken, confirmed Ciegler findings. PMID- 6803166 TI - Antibiotic properties of ectomycorrhizae and saprophytic fungi growing on Pinus radiata D. Don I. AB - Extracts of thirty six Agaricales fungi were assayed for their antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538, Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633 and Escherichia coli UCCL51. Approximately thirty species showed activity against one or more of the tested organisms. PMID- 6803167 TI - Comparison of the ability of three Aspergillus strains to form aflatoxins on bakery products and on nutrient agar. AB - The growth of Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 2999, A. parasiticus NRRL 3000 and A. flavus NRRL 3251 on whole wheat bread and on cake ('Ruhrkuchen') was compared and the formation of the aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, G2 and M2 on these substrates and, for purpose of comparison, on malt extract agar was determined. On cake the moulds grew better than on bread and formed the highest yields of aflatoxins. Malt extract agar was the most unfavourable substrate for toxin production. The ratio M1/B1 on bread and cake was in the order of 0.1-0.4 and was higher than the data reported for grains. The highest yields of aflatoxin B1 (1.0 micrograms/g) were produced by A. flavus NRRL 3251 on cake. PMID- 6803171 TI - Receptors for T-cell growth. PMID- 6803170 TI - Anthrax island. PMID- 6803168 TI - Evaluation of the antigen from chlamydospores of Candida albicans in the serodiagnosis of candidiasis. AB - Antigens have been prepared from the chlamydospores and blastospores of Candida albicans and their precipitin patterns were analysed by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis using specific antisera. The two antigens were used in routine serological tests of patients suffering from candidiasis. On double diffusion tests for the detection of circulating antibodies of Candida albicans, the antigen from chlamydospores displays precipitin lines that differ in number and intensity from those obtained with the antigen from blastospores. The results are briefly discussed in the framework of C. albicans antigen standardization. PMID- 6803172 TI - A differentiation factor required for the expression of cytotoxic T-cell function. PMID- 6803174 TI - Somatic gene amplification during Drosophila oogenesis. PMID- 6803169 TI - Construction of a functional human suppressor tRNA gene: an approach to gene therapy for beta-thalassaemia. AB - A human tRNALys gene was converted to an amber suppressor by site-specific mutagenesis of the anticodon. The mutated tRNALys gene directed synthesis of a tRNA that suppressed the UAG amber nonsense mutation in beta O thalassemia mRNA. Such genes may be used to detect other nonsense mutations in mammalian cells and may provide an approach to gene therapy for beta O thalassaemia due to nonsense mutations. PMID- 6803175 TI - Effect of adh genotype and heat stress on alcohol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6803173 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin allotypes: post-duplication divergence of gamma 2a and gamma 2b chain genes. PMID- 6803176 TI - Expression of eukaryotic coding sequences in Methylophilus methylotrophus. PMID- 6803177 TI - Potentiation of the thymosin immunoregulatory effect by hypocorticoidism in rats with DMBA-induced carcinogenesis in mammary glands. AB - Effect of adrenalectomy and or thymosin administration on the tumor growth and immunity system were investigated on the models of 7.12 dimethylbenza(a)anthracene(DMBA)-induced mammary neoplasms in rats. Adrenalectomy and thymosin administration resulted in antitumorigenic action, whereas maximal inhibiting effect was achieved after thymosin injection in adrenalectomized animals. The maximal antitumorigenic effect of thymosin in adrenalectomized rats was accompanied by synergistic immunopotentiating effect of thymosin and adrenalectomy. Immunorehabilitation with thymosin and simultaneous correction of hormone production in the adrenal cortex are believed to enhance the effectiveness of therapy in cancer patients. PMID- 6803179 TI - Estrogenic feminization of the LH response to orchidectomy in the rat: evidence for a hypothalamic site of action. AB - These studies were conducted to determine the possible site of action at which estrogen "feminizes" the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) response to orchidectomy (ORDX). When Silastic implants containing estradiol-17 beta (E2) were inserted 1 day prior to ORDX and subsequently removed 5 days later, characteristic increases in plasma LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels normally observed within 24 h after ORDX were completely (for LH) or partially (for FSH) prevented. Rather, gonadotropin patterns, especially LH, resembled patterns seen during a similar time interval after ovariectomy of female rats in diestrus-1, that is, increases in plasma FSH unaccompanied by rises in plasma LH. Although castration-induced increments in plasma gonadotropin levels were abated by prior E2 treatment of orchidectomized male rats, the responsiveness of the anterior pituitary gland to two intravenous pulse injections of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) tested 6 and 8 h after removal of E2 capsules was markedly greater than pituitary LH responses to both pulse injections at similar times following ORDX. Pituitary FSH responses in E2 treated orchidectomized rats were higher only after the second LHRH injection. To determine whether the increased pituitary responsiveness to LHRH was actually due to the E2 treatment or to the concomitant orchidectomy, pituitary LH and FSH responses to a single LHRH pulse injection were evaluated 10 h after removal of either E2 or empty capsules from 4-day orchidectomized rats in which these capsules had been inserted 1 day prior or ORDX. It was found that pituitary LH responses to LHRH were greatly increased 4 days after ORDX. Moreover, mean maximal increments in LH and FSH were significantly higher in ORDX-E2-treated castrated rats. Therefore, the data indicate that E2 delays the onset of increases in plasma LH and to a lesser extent FSH concentrations after ORDX ("feminization") by acting within the hypothalamus to inhibit the release of LHRH from peptidergic neurons. PMID- 6803178 TI - Sulfanilic acid: behavioral change related to azo food dyes in developing rats. AB - The effects of sulfanilic acid, a major azo food dye metabolite, were studied in normal developing rat pups and pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine (60HDA). Chronic daily intraperitoneal injection of sulfanilic acid during the first postnatal month elicited hyperactivity and impaired shock escape performance in vehicle pups. No differences were noted in 60HDA treated rat pups receiving sulfanilic acid. These findings, which are similar to the results of our study of chronic administration of a food dye mix, suggest that sulfanilic acid may be one of the causative agents in food dye-induced behavioral changes in developing rats. While our work suggests a significant effect of azo food dyes on the developing rat central nervous system, species differences in parameters such as absorption, metabolism, and blood-brain barrier properties do not permit any extrapolation of these observations to proposed effects in children. PMID- 6803180 TI - Pituitary responsiveness to LHRH stimulation in hamsters treated neonatally with monosodium glutamate. AB - Previous studies have shown that neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate (MSG) results in a clearly defined lesion of the arcuate nucleus which disrupts mechanisms regulating normal FSH but not LH secretion in the adult female hamster. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of neonatally administered MSG or hypertonic saline (control) on the in vivo and in vitro responses to LHRH in adult animals. In order to evaluate these responses under a comparable hormonal background, all animals were ovariectomized at 2-3 months of age and given 50 micrograms of estradiol benzoate 3 weeks later. 24 h later, animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and a blood sample taken for baseline levels of gonadotropins; they were immediately given 5 or 25 ng LHRH intravenously, and LH and FSH responses to LHRH were determined by sampling at 15 min intervals over a 1-hour period. Pituitary content of LH and FSH was determined in a similar group of control and MSG-treated animals which did not receive the hypothalamic hormone. Basal LH secretion, the dose-response of LH to LHRH, and the pituitary concentration or content were similar in control and MSG treated hamsters. In contrast to LH, basal FSH levels were significantly lower, the FSH responses to LHRH were greatly attenuated, and a dose response to LHRH was absent in MSG-treated animals when compared to control values. Pituitary FSH concentration and content did not differ between control and MSG-treated animals. However, when pituitaries were removed, hemidissected, preincubated for 1 h, and incubated in the presence or absence of 8.5 x 10(-9) or 8.5 x 10(-10) M LHRH for 3 consecutive 1-hour periods, no differences were noted between control and experimental animals regarding basal (no LHRH) or LHRH-stimulated release of LH and FSH. These results suggest that the decreased basal FSH levels and the attenuated FSH response to LHRH observed in vivo in MSG-treated animals may be due to an alteration in a neural or extraneural component which is involved in regulating the release of FSH by LHRH and which is evident in the absence of a functional arcuate nucleus and/or develops directly as the result of the neonatal administration of MSG. PMID- 6803182 TI - Semicircadian rhythm of tuberoinfundibular dopamine neuronal activity during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the rat. PMID- 6803183 TI - Changes in the rate of dopamine synthesis in the posterior pituitary during dehydration and rehydration: relationship to plasma sodium concentrations. AB - The rate of DOPA accumulation after the administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (an in vivo estimate of dopamine synthesis) was determined in rat posterior pituitary, median eminence and striatum, regions containing terminals of tuberohypophyseal, tuberoinfundibular and nigrostriatal dopamine neurons, respectively. 3 days of water deprivation increased the hematocrit and the plasma sodium concentration and also increased the rate of DOPA accumulation in the posterior pituitary, but not in the striatum or median eminence. Water deprivation or substitution of 2% NaCl for drinking water for 5 days increased DOPA accumulation in the posterior pituitary and the plasma sodium concentration, while the hematocrit was increased only in the water-deprived group. Following 3 days of water deprivation, access to water for 3 h caused the elevated DOPA accumulation in the posterior pituitary and the plasma sodium concentration to return to control values while the hematocrit remained slightly elevated. Substitution of 2% NaCl for drinking water for 48 h to rats which had been water deprived for 3 days restored the hematocrit to control, but did not alter the water deprivation induced increase in plasma sodium concentration or the rate of DOPA accumulation in the posterior pituitary. These results suggest that tuberohypophyseal dopaminergic neurons are regulated, at least in part, by sodium or osmoreceptors. PMID- 6803181 TI - Effect of chloroquine on thyroliberin interaction with clonal rat prolactin cells. Cytochemical correlates. AB - The lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, has been used to investigate the implication of lysosomal activity and membrane traffic in TRH binding, TRH internalization and TRH-induced stimulation of prolactin secretion in a rat prolactin cell line (GH3/B6). Chloroquine by itself does not affect cell number, cell protein and basal prolactin secretion. It does not alter TRH binding and internalization as well as both effects of TRH on the stimulation of prolactin secretion, i.e., prolactin release and prolactin production. In contrast, chloroquine partially inhibits the spontaneous dissociation of (3H)TRH from cells previously loaded with (3H)TRH and reduces prolactin release following TRH withdrawal. In addition the kinetic pattern of the TRH dissociation is modified in a manner which suggests that TRH is bound to different intracellular compartments. Chloroquine, nevertheless, does not alter the TRH-induced down regulation of (3H)TRH binding sites. Electron microscopic observations and acid phosphatases localization reveal that chloroquine elicits a disorganization of the Golgi zone and accumulation of membrane whorls within large vacuoles. This suggests that the effects of chloroquine on TRH interaction with GH3 cells may be mediated by an inhibition of membrane recycling. PMID- 6803185 TI - Bicuculline, strychnine and depressant amino acid responses in the anteroventral cochlear nucleus of the cat. AB - Experiments were conducted in the cat anteroventral cochlear nucleus, comparing the actions of strychnine and bicuculline on amino acid-induced depression of spontaneous and evoked firing. Strychnine reduced responses induced by glycine, taurine and beta-alanine more than GABA or muscimol-induced responses. These latter responses were sensitive to bicuculline. Responses to single and paired tone bursts were not sensitive to strychnine or bicuculline applied either iontophoretically or intravenously. The results indicate that the receptors for depressant amino acids are similar to the receptors found in the cat in other brainstem and spinal cord sites, but differ from those found in the cerebellum, thalamus and cerebral cortex. The data also indicate that these amino acids are not involved either in the response to tone bursts at characteristic frequency or in the suppression of this response by a second, higher frequency tone. PMID- 6803184 TI - Correlative surges of LHRH, LH and FSH in pituitary stalk plasma and systemic plasma of rat during proestrus. Effect of anesthetics. AB - An effective recovery procedure has been utilized for determining luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) concentrations in rat pituitary stalk plasma. With this new recovery protocol it was revealed that stalk plasma immunoreactive LHRH concentrations increased 5-fold to 206 pg/ml during proestrus(p less than 0.001) and decreased to diestrous levels during estrus. In contrast, the LHRH concentration in systemic plasma extracts remained unchanged throughout the estrous cycle and did not exceed 4 pg/ml. The stalk plasma: systemic plasma ratio increased from 12:1 at diestrus to 76:1 at proestrus; it then decreased to 22:1 at estrus (p less than 0.001). Correlative luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) surges of statistically significant magnitudes were observed in the systemic plasma of nonanesthetized cardiac-catheterized rats during proestrus. When administered before the onset of the critical period, Althesin and other anesthetic agents suppressed but did not completely inhibit the peripheral LH surge in cardiac-catheterized rats. The FSH surge was suppressed also but to a lesser degree. These results indicate that the brain triggers the preovulatory surge of LH and FSH via massive secretion of LHRH into the pituitary portal circulation. They also reveal that, aside from any dosage considerations, the type of anesthetic used and the time of administration in relation to the critical period, can significantly affect the magnitude of pituitary LH and FSH secretion. PMID- 6803187 TI - Seizures due to metrizamide myelography in patients with acute cervical spine injury. PMID- 6803186 TI - Antipodal central effects of apomorphine and dopamine in chickens. AB - Dopamine, infused into the hypothalamus or injected into the 3rd cerebral ventricle of chickens pretreated with mebanazine, induced behavioural and electrocortical sleep, suppressed motor activity and lowered body temperature and CO2 elimination, effects prevented by phenoxybenzamine but not spiperone. The hypothermic effects of dopamine were intensified by testing chicks below thermoneutrality. Ampomorphine, infused into the hypothalamus, injected into the 3rd cerebral ventricle or given intravenously, evoked behavioural and electrocortical arousal in the intact chicken and in the encephale isole preparation. Additionally, pecking, vocalization, increased motor activity and CO2 elimation were elicited; body temperature was elevated in about half the chickens but lowered in the remainder. Chicks tested below thermoneutrality responded with a fall in body temperature to apomorphine, the fall being greatest for those in which apomorphine had hypothermic actions at thermoneutrality. The actions of apomorphine, except on body temperature, were antagonized by spiperone. The effects of apomorphine resembled those of dexamphetamine, but whereas those of the latter were antagonized by less than equimolar dosage of methysergide, the effects of apomorphine were not; spiperone, effective against apomorphine, in equimolar dosage did not prevent the effects of dexamphetamine in 3 of 4 chickens tested. PMID- 6803188 TI - Electrophysiological approaches to human cognitive processing. Based on an NRP work session. PMID- 6803189 TI - Fabry disease: impaired autonomic function. AB - Previous reports of extensive lipid accumulation within neurons of the autonomic nervous system in Fabry disease suggest an anatomicopathologic basis for the peculiar pain, diminished sweating, and gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in this disorder. To further assess autonomic function in Fabry disease, noninvasive clinical tests were performed on 10 patients. Diminished sweating was found in each; the loss was approximately uniform proximally and distally, suggesting sweat gland dysfunction rather than autonomic neuropathy. Impaired pupillary constriction with pilocarpine, and reduced saliva and tear formation were found in half the patients. Disordered intestinal mobility was demonstrated in the oldest patients. In all cases, the cutaneous flare response to scratch and intradermal histamine was diminished, and pruritus was not experienced. Signs of autonomic dysfunction are present in Fabry disease and correlate with the known lipid deposition in autonomic neurons. PMID- 6803190 TI - Metabolism of (-) deprenyl to amphetamine and methamphetamine may be responsible for deprenyl's therapeutic benefit: a biochemical assessment. AB - The urinary excretion of some important phenylethylamines, catecholamines, their metabolites, amphetamine, and methamphetamine were measured in parkinsonian patients on Sinemet (L-dopa plus carbidopa, a peripheral dopadecarboxylase inhibitor) and depressed patients after chronic (-) deprenyl treatment. Deprenyl was efficiently metabolized to amphetamine and methamphetamine. It increased the excretion of phenylethylamine and of m- and p-tyramine, and reduced the output of norepinephrine metabolites, but failed to alter the excretion of dopamine deaminated metabolites. These changes were attributed more to amphetamine and methamphetamine than to inhibition of monoamine oxidase type B. Sinemet treatment alone increased the excretion of dopamine, 3-methoxytyramine, and their respective deaminated metabolites, 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. It is concluded that conversion of deprenyl to amphetamine and methamphetamine may contribute to some of the therapeutic benefits of deprenyl. PMID- 6803191 TI - Interference of oral phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric feedings. AB - Inhibition of phenytoin absorption by continuous nasogastric tube feeding was studied in 20 neurosurgery patients and 5 normal subjects. Ten patients receiving phenytoin suspension 300 mg per day coadministered with continuous nasogastric feedings had a mean phenytoin serum concentration of 2.59 micrograms per milliliter. When the feedings were discontinued, the average concentration rose to 10.22 micrograms per milliliter in 7 days. In 10 other patients stabilized on phenytoin suspension 300 mg per day, the average serum concentration decreased from 9.80 microgram per milliliter to 2.72 microgram per milliliter in 7 days when continuous tube feedings were started. Five normal subjects received a single oral dose of phenytoin suspension alone and while drinking a nasogastric tube feeding preparation orally at a rate of 100 ml per hour; phenytoin serum levels decreased an average of 71.6% when the tube feeding was taken concurrently. PMID- 6803192 TI - Type 2 GM1 gangliosidosis and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. PMID- 6803193 TI - [Dipropylacetamide and hypnosis in drug dependence]. AB - Ten drug addicted women, inpatient in a judicial psychiatric hospital, after detoxification were treated by means of valproic acid amide (1200 mg/daily for the first 14 days, then reduced to 600 mg/daily) and hypnosis, for a period ranging between 46 and 180 days. According to lowering of the intensity of 6 target symptoms, positive results on habit loosing were checked in 7 out of 10 Ss. To these results, right importance is attributed even to the forcibly removal from addicts' environment. PMID- 6803194 TI - [Clinical and statistical study of 121 cases of acute myocardial infarct from 1976 to 1981 (month of April). Critical review]. AB - The authors realized a retrospective clinical-statistical study about 121 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), treated in the Department of general medicine with a pharmacological association of Lysine acetylsalicylate- Erythrityl tetranitrate--Papaverine hydrochloride, with the purpose of obtaining a vasodilatation on coronary arteries and a platelet antiaggregation, in the light of the new etiopathogenetic views about the prolonged coronary spasm and the platelet aggregation, in some cases of myocardial infarction with or without thrombosis. Obtained data are very optimistic about incidence of left ventricular insufficiency and (of) thromboembolisms, to they augur the sistematic adoption of this treatment of AMI, especially as to the early antiaggregation therapy. PMID- 6803195 TI - High-affinity octopamine receptors revealed in Drosophila by binding or [3H]octopamine. AB - The study describes, for the first time, detection of a putative, high-affinity octopamine receptor by direct binding studies with a radiolabeled ligand. Crude membranes prepared from heads of Drosophila melanogaster bind [3H]octopamine at a level of 0.4 pmol per mg protein with an apparent Kd of 5 nM. Low concentrations of dihydroergotamine, phentolamine and chloropromazine, but not of propranolol and serotonergic ligands, were potent displacers of [3H]octopamine binding. The [3H]octopamine binding assay may prove useful in assessing the potency of novel octopaminergic ligands. PMID- 6803196 TI - Pharmacist on call: intravenous nitroglycerin: a new form of a familiar drug. PMID- 6803198 TI - Avian and primate communication: the problem of natural categories. AB - To negotiate effectively with the world on the basis of experience, organisms must classify past events with rules about when to lump stimulus variants into perceptual categories and when to treat them separately. In nature, tactics for evading capture vary with the predator. Appropriately, adult monkey alarm calls are specifically linked to predator category. Linkages are less precise in one month infants but they discriminate between major predator categories. Associations become more highly specified with experience. Birds discriminate innately between conspecific and alien songs, but vocal perception is subsequently enriched by experience. Monkeys also use special processing in categorizing their own vocal repertoire. In forming perceptual categories birds and monkeys evidently use species-specific predispositions that focus attention on biologically relevant stimuli and ensure commonality in rules used by species members in perceptual analysis. Thus animals are led to share natural perceptual categories to which meaningful communicative labels can be attached. PMID- 6803197 TI - Overt and hidden forms of chronic malnutrition in the rat and their relevance to man. AB - We have examined the physiological weight changes seen in rat dams and their offspring as sequelae of either an overt or a hidden form of chronic protein malnutrition. In the overt model, which was produced by feeding dams a very low protein diet (6% casein) starting 5 weeks prior to conception and continued through lactation, the females showed significant weight losses at all ages compared to dams maintained on a normal diet (25% casein). This caused the malnourished 6% dams to have offspring that were categorized as small-for-date at birth in terms of their weight indices and peripheral metabolic profiles. Also, the inadequate milk production of these dams resulted in their pups displaying the almost total failure of growth (greater than 60% decreases in body weights) and peripheral imbalances characteristic of infantile marasmus by day 8 of lactation. Consequently, at all times examined the 6% dams and pups showed most of the typical responses seen in the more severe forms of in utero and lactational malnutrition of mankind. In contrast, the hidden form of malnutrition produced by feeding dams a somewhat higher protein diet (8% casein) throughout the same time periods caused no marked weight losses by these females during their pregnancy compared to the normal dams. Although the 8% pups had the same birth weight indices as the normal offspring, previous data from our group have indicated that the 8% progeny show many metabolic imbalances at birth which are indicators of severe gestational malnutrition in humans. Moreover, while the 8% dams displayed lactational insufficiencies as noted by their pups retarded postnatal growth, nursing of these offspring by 25% dams allowed them to maintain a normal lactational growth curve. However, not only was this cross-fostering unable to rehabilitate most of the prenatally determined biochemical alterations affecting the 8% pups but, additionally, this form of malnutrition will remain undetected if weight indices alone are used as assessors of normalcy. Thus, it appears that the 8% rats may serve as a useful model for the hidden forms of malnutrition in man. PMID- 6803200 TI - Pragmatic factors influencing the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The effects of the suboptimal temperature caused by delayed incubation or prolonged transport on the recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were studied in 2 separate patient populations. The individual components of the John E. Martin Biological Environmental Chamber were used to define more precisely other variables that might influence the incidence of recovery. In a study of 1500 urethral and endocervical specimens processed in parallel for N gonorrhoeae, results quantitatively and qualitatively superior were achieved when an immediate source of CO2 and a zip-lock bag were used. The zip-lock bag appears to be a significant factor in the enhanced demonstration of N gonorrhoeae. Failure to incubate specimens before transportation decreased the numeric representation of N gonorrhoeae in 50 sets of triple cultures studied in parallel. Most low inoculum cultures subjected to prolonged transportation without prior incubation will not demonstrate the presence of N gonorrhoeae. Even if preincubated before transportation, the cultures demonstrate a significant reduction in the number of colony-forming units per plate when subjected to normal room temperature during the course of transportation. PMID- 6803199 TI - Pelvic inflammatory disease: etiologic studies with emphasis on chlamydial infection. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the main etiologic agents in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in Oslo. Up to two thirds of the 65 PID cases studied were associated with a chlamydial infection. The incidence of cervical gonorrhea was low (7.7%). Anaerobic bacteria were not isolated from the fallopian tubes or peritoneal fluid of any of the patients. Chlamydia-associated PID is characterized by a protracted course and vague symptoms. The laparoscopic findings indicate more severe inflammatory changes of the tubes than in patients in whom these agents were not found. The highest incidence of chlamydia associated PID occurred in younger subjects, among whom the intrauterine contraceptive device was more frequently used. Perihepatitis was diagnosed in PID patients with and without chlamydial infection of the genital tract. PMID- 6803201 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in a pregnant insulin-requiring diabetic. AB - A 28-year-old class F diabetic woman whose pregnancy was complicated by gastroparesis, hemorrhagic gastritis, narcotic addiction, intrauterine fetal growth retardation, and severe preeclampsia was supported with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) from the 27th to the 29th week or pregnancy. During this period there was adequate control of serum glucose, a positive nitrogen balance, and a normal amino acid profile. Unfortunately, a rapid deterioration in renal function and hypertensive disease occurred, requiring cesarean section at the 29th gestational week. TPN was continued for an additional 30 days postoperatively until the gastritis resolved and adequate oral nutrition could be reestablished. Wound healing was satisfactory. PMID- 6803202 TI - [Clinical trials with localized mitomycin instillation therapy for superficial urothelial bladder carcinoma]. AB - 105 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, stage Tis, TA, T1 were treated by a local cytostatica therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC) after transurethral resection (TUR) of the bladder with the following purposes: 1. curative therapy of the carcinoma in situ 2. avoidance of tumor cell implantation from the TUR. After a follow up of 22,3 months this therapeutic concept seems to be of great promise because of its clearly reduced recurrence rate of a total of 12,4%. Side effects are slight. Nevertheless it must be pointed out, that any definitive statement can only be made after a longterm observation, especially by multicentric, controlled, randomized studies. MMC serum resorption studies with 19 patients, partly with reflux and TUR caused perforation of the bladder, showed that MMC instillation therapy (20 mg MMC/40 ml NaCl) immediately after resection did not lead to a systemic toxic concentration. PMID- 6803203 TI - Possible assignment of a dominant retinitis pigmentosa gene to chromosome 1. AB - A genetic linkage study, performed on a large family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP), demonstrated that the RP gene may be linked to the Rh locus, known to be on the short arm of human chromosome 1. Linkage studies on RP along with other studies, can help to more accurately classify these disease entities. Localizing the RP gene locus has the potential for allowing the early diagnosis of individuals at risk. PMID- 6803204 TI - Approaches to improving health care: dealing with the "problem" physician. PMID- 6803206 TI - Identification and management of distress in chemically dependent patients. PMID- 6803205 TI - Antibiotic review performed by a pharmacy and therapeutics subcommittee. PMID- 6803207 TI - Hospital case mix groupings and generic algorithms. PMID- 6803209 TI - An inside look at malpractice by expert witness William B. Buckingham MD.. Interview by Karen Gardner. PMID- 6803208 TI - Ethical Decision-Making in quality assurance. PMID- 6803210 TI - The ACCESS process: assuring quality in long term care. PMID- 6803211 TI - Integrating patient concerns into quality assurance activities: The focus group method. PMID- 6803212 TI - Consumer opinion surveys: a hospital quality assurance measurement. PMID- 6803213 TI - The ethics of medical consultation. PMID- 6803214 TI - Monitoring laboratory services through concurrent review. PMID- 6803215 TI - [Various forms of hepatitis]. PMID- 6803216 TI - Accessibility of epsilon-amino groups of lysine to guanidination in kappa-elastin from bovine ligamentum nuchae. AB - Kappa-Elastin contains 3.81 lysyl residues per 1000 residues of amino acids. Among these residues, free epsilon-amino groups represent about 16 p. 100, as revealed by guanidination, the buried lysyl residues (buried epsilon-amino groups) represent about 33 p. 100, as revealed by dansylation. After drastic reduction by borohydride, no aldimine bonds were detected and only 6 p. 100 of "deeply buried" amino groups of lysyl residues were detected by a second dansylation. The remaining lysines (about 46 p. 100) are engaged or inaccessible. PMID- 6803218 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: quantification of skin penetration and early migration by differential external radioassay and autoradiography. AB - Eleven gamma-emitting radionuclides (49Sc, 54Mn, 59Fe (+2 and +3), 60Co, 65Zn, 75Se (as selenomethionine, selenocystine, selenite and selenate), 109Cd, 125Sb, 133Ba, 137Cs and 203Hg) were screened as labelling agents for Schistosoma mansoni cercariae by incubation of infected Biomphalaria glabrata snails in radioactive solution according to the technique of Christensen (1977). Only [75Se]methionine yielded satisfactorily labelled cercariae. Multiple regression analysis of volume, number of cercariae and radioactivity from a series of 10 aliquots of unwashed cercarial suspensions yielded estimates of unbound and cercarial bound radioactivity that were equivalent or superior to estimates based on assay of washed cercariae and eliminated loss of cercariae. Washing of cercarial suspensions over 8 micrometers pore diameter Millipore filters was found to result in entanglement of 60-90% of the cercariae on the filter disc. Differential external radioassay, a new technique employing partial body shielding within a total body counter, permitted separate estimation of tail and body radioactivity of conscious mice previously exposed by tail immersion to 75Se labelled cercariae, with measurements repeated as often as desired. Approximately 39% of the 75Se present in emergent cercariae was retained by schistosomula transformed in vitro but this was subject to considerable variation, especially in schistosomula transformed in vivo. Secreted or catabolized label from penetrant cercariae and schistosomula was rapidly removed from the skin by the bloodstream. Numbers of schistosomula in tail skin were directly proportional to the number of reduced silver foci counted on tail autoradiograms; only a very small fraction of tail radioactivity represented unbound ('spurious') label. Migration of schistosomula away from skin was 50% complete at 3.8-4.3 days, as determined by probit analysis of autoradiographic data. PMID- 6803217 TI - The cell surface of Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites: microelectrophoretic and lectin-binding characteristics. AB - The cell surface properties of Plasmodium gallinaceum sporozoites have been investigated by means of microelectrophoretic and lectin-binding studies. Their electrophoretic mobility has been measured as a function of pH, the results suggesting qualitative and quantitative differences in the surface ionogenic groups between sporozoites from mature oocysts and those from salivary glands. Reaction of sporozoites with citraconic anhydride produced a small but significant increase in mobility, whereas 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic) acid had no effect on mobility; thus there appear to be amino groups but not -SH groups at the surface of sporozoites. Treatment of sporozoites with trypsin considerably reduced their mobility and suggests that a significant proportion of the cell surface charge is associated with protein. Incubation with neuraminidase, however, had no effect on sporozoite mobility and indicates that sialic acid residues, responsible for much of the negative charge associated with mammalian cells, are probably not present on the cell surface of sporozoites. Evidence for the presence of carbohydrates on the cell surface membrane of sporozoites was sought using fluorescein isothiocyanate-Concanavalin A. Results demonstrated that ligands similar to alpha-D-glucose and alpha-D-mannose are not present in an exposed or reactive form on the cell surface membrane of P. gallinaceum sporozoites. PMID- 6803219 TI - [Specific antinuclear antibodies against seven types of soluble acidic proteins nuclear antigens. A study of 61 sera (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803220 TI - [Dynamics of O2 consumption and CO2 release by kidney slices in vitro in acute renal failure]. PMID- 6803222 TI - Experimental effects of chloral hydrate in ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercarbia. AB - The effect of chloral hydrate (CH)-induced sleep on inspiratory drive has not been systematically assessed. To determine the effects of CH on the ventilatory responses to hypercarbia and to hypoxia, nine unanesthetized adult rabbit with chronic tracheostomy were studied. We compared awake ventilatory measurements before CH to non-REM sleep assessments at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after administration of 250 mg/kg of CH. There were no significant differences between any of these assessment intervals for respiratory rate, PACO2, PAO2, tidal volume (VT), minute volume, Ti/Ttot, or VT/Ti. Hypercarbic ventilatory response to slopes were not diminished at any of the CH-sleep intervals compared to the awake mean slope. In addition, the ventilatory response to hypoxia at PAO2=70 mm Hg (V70) and the hypoxic response slope demonstrated no significant decrease at any of the CH-sleep intervals. In summary, absence of any significant decrease in either hypercarbic or hypoxic ventilatory response after CH administration indicates absence of any CH effect on chemical inspiratory drive. PMID- 6803223 TI - [Drug sensitivity and pyocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginesa strains from feces of infants with diarrhea]. PMID- 6803221 TI - Control of glycogen metabolism in the developing fetal lung. PMID- 6803224 TI - [Adaptation of children, born to mothers with blood group incompatibility, without clinical signs of hemolytic disease of newborn]. PMID- 6803226 TI - Carbon dioxide, extracellular pH and fibre water in frog skeletal muscle. AB - "The fibre water of frog skeletal muscle was increased by exposure of the muscle to CO2. Exposure to acid at constant PCO2 caused no change in fibre water although muscle weight decreased, whereas exposure to alkali increased fibre water. PMID- 6803225 TI - Net calcium fluxes in rat parotid acinar cells: evidence for a hormone-sensitive calcium pool in or near the plasma membrane. AB - The effects of receptor stimulation on net fluxes of 45Ca in parotid acinar cells were investigated. When cellular 45Ca content was near steady-state, muscarinic receptor activation by carbachol caused a net efflux of 45Ca (not always reproducible) followed by a net influx. In the presence of excess ethylene glycol bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N,N-tetraacetic acid, net efflux invariably occurred, but the influx phase was prevented. When the muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine was added to the medium during the influx phase, an abrupt transient influx occurred followed by a return of net influx to the prestimulation level. When cellular responses believed to reflect intracellular ionized Ca (k + permeability, protein secretion) were examined under similar conditions, atropine invariably had an inhibitory effect. The Ca taken up in response to atropine apparently replenishes the hormone-sensitive pool of cellular Ca since it can be released subsequently by adrenoceptor activation. Taken together, these observations suggest that when atropine is administered to cholinergically activated cells, the hormone-sensitive Ca pool rapidly refills from the extracellular fluid without a concomitant increase in ionized intracellular Ca. Thus, it is suggested that this Ca pool is most likely associated with the plasma membrane. PMID- 6803228 TI - [Acute sodium valproate poisoning]. PMID- 6803227 TI - Further evidence for an inverse relationship between macula densa NaCl concentration and filtration rate. AB - It has been concluded that tubulo-glomerular feedback mechanism is triggered by changes in NaCl concentration ([NaCl]) at the macula densa. This conclusion is based on the demonstration that changes in filtration rate produced during retrograde perfusion of the loop of Henle depend upon the perfusate [NaCl]. Experiments were performed to evaluate whether the effect on glomerular function of orthograde perfusion of the loop of Henle is consistent with this conclusion. Early proximal flow rate (VEP), stop-flow pressure (PSF), early distal chloride concentration ([C]), and flow rate were measured during perfusion of the loop of Henle with mannitol solution (300 mosm kg-1), 30mM NaCl + mannitol (300 mosm kg 1), 140 mM Na isethionate and artificial tubular fluid. When distal flow exceeded 10 nl min-1, the magnitude of the glomerular response was predictable from the [Cl]. The linear regression line, delta VEP = -0.27 [Cl] + 4.3, did not differ from that obtained previously with the retrograde technique. Retrograde perfusion with 140 mM Na isethionate was without effect on VEP. We conclude that the effect on glomerular function of perfusion of the loop of Henle in either an orthograde or a retrograde direction with these solutions depends upon the chloride concentration at the macula densa. PMID- 6803229 TI - Inhibitors of repair DNA synthesis. AB - We have measured repair DNA synthesis in UV-irradiated normal human fibroblasts, grown to a defined state of quiescence in order to avoid the problem of discriminating repair from replicative DNA synthesis. We have assessed the effects of various DNA synthesis inhibitors on repair. Inhibition of repair synthesis by hydroxyurea, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and aphidicolin is associated with the ability to accumulate DNA breaks due to enzymic incision at DNA damage sites; the inhibition by novobiocin is in accord with its known ability to block incision. PMID- 6803230 TI - Psychiatry/mental handicap forum 3 - rehabilitation. The Bledlow project: return to the real thing. PMID- 6803231 TI - Preload and afterload without anguish: a simplified framework. PMID- 6803232 TI - The primary care physician as ultrasonographer. AB - The relative safety and wide applicability of ultrasound make this an indispensable diagnostic tool in office practice, but some primary care physicians, especially those practicing in rural communities, may have problems providing this service. Several solutions have been proposed, among them that the primary care physician assume the role of ultrasonographer. The concept of a nonradiologist performing and interpreting ultrasonic scans is feasible in terms of time and cost, at least in a group practice setting, but the high level of skill required raises serious questions about training and on-going experience. The medicolegal implications have not been addressed but suggest the importance of good record keeping and continuing medical education, at the very least. Although the concept of the primary care physician as ultrasonographer is feasible, the reality of this option remains to be seen. PMID- 6803234 TI - [Radiation injury to the duodenum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803233 TI - A microbiological study of non-gonococcal proctitis in passive male homosexuals. PMID- 6803235 TI - Autosomal dosage compensation Drosophila melanogaster strains trisomic for the left arm of chromosome 2. AB - Drosophila melanogaster individuals trisomic for an entire chromosome arm can survive to late stages of pupal development. We have examined the levels of five enzymes whose structural genes are located on the left arm of chromosome 2 both in trisomy 2L and in diploid strains. In trisomies, three distally mapping loci showed compensated levels of expression close to that observed in the diploid strains. Analysis of electrophoretic variants of a compensated locus revealed that all three alleles are active in trisomies. The two proximally located loci displayed dose-dependent levels of expression. Therefore, at the level of the individual gene, autosomal compensation appears to be an all-or-none phenomenon. Furthermore, the compensatory response may be regionally distributed along the chromosome arm. The presence of both autosomal and sex-linked dosage compensation prompts us to speculate that there phenomenon are similar homeostatic mechanisms that modulate gene expression both in euploid and aneuploid genomes. PMID- 6803236 TI - Region-specific effects on chromosome integrity of mutations at essential loci in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two mutagen-sensitive loci of Drosophila melanogaster, mus-105 and mus-109, previously identified by viable alleles, are shown to specify essential functions. Lethal alleles at the loci produce larvae that have degenerate imaginal discs and die at the larva-pupa boundary. Our data suggest that the causes of lethality are intolerable levels of cell death produced by high frequencies of chromosome aberrations (in excess of 0.5 aberration per cell per cycle). The pattern of aberrations is a locus-specific character. In mus-105 mutants the most common aberrations are breaks and exchanges in euchromatic portions of the genome whereas in mus-109 mutants the most common aberrations are breaks at heterochromatin-euchromatin junctions. The sensitivity of these junctions to breakage in mus-109 mutants is a property of all such junctions whether natural or produced by a rearrangement that juxtaposes heterochromatin and euchromatin. Larvae carrying the combination of two viable mutants, mus 105(A1) mus-109(D1), die at the larva-pupa boundary and display a high frequency of aberrations (0.7 per cell vs. 0.075 for either mutant alone) clustered at euchromatin-heterochromatin junctions. This synergistic interaction suggests there is a class of lesions that can be repaired by both mus-105(+) and mus 109(+). Thus, the apparent euchromatic specificity of mus-105(+), which was inferred from the pattern of predominantly euchromatic breakage observed in mus 105 mus-109(+) flies, is in fact generated by the wild-type function of mus 109(+) masking an effect of mus-105 in the heterochromatin. The fact that lethal mutants at the mus-105 and mus-109 loci have small imaginal discs coupled with the observation of a maternal effect of mus-105 suggests a paradigm for the control of cell division during the life cycle of Drosophila. PMID- 6803237 TI - Somatic mutation in a cultured mouse myeloma cell affects antigen binding. AB - The S107 mouse myeloma cell line synthesizes an IgA antibody that binds the hapten phosphocholine and is similar if not identical in its heavy and light chain variable region sequence to the predominant antibody produced by BALB/c mice in response to immunization with phosphocholine. This cell line frequently and spontaneously generates somatic variants producing immunoglobulins with decreased ability to bind antigen. One such variant, S 107.U1, is described here. This variant has a decreased ability to bind phosphocholine when it is attached to a carrier, although its affinity for free hapten is the same as that of the parent. This decrease in antigen binding is associated with a single amino acid substitution at the fifth residue in the JH segment. PMID- 6803238 TI - Characterization and molecular cloning of the mRNA for the heavy (epsilon) chain of rat immunoglobulin E. AB - We report a study of the mRNA for the heavy (epsilon) chain of rat IgE. Cytoplasmic RNA was prepared from the two rat immunocytomas IR2 and IR162 and fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. An enriched fraction containing approximately 5% mRNA for the epsilon chain was obtained in this way. When translated in vitro, it produced a 59,000-dalton polypeptide, which in the presence of a membrane fraction yielded a 90,000-dalton polypeptide, presumably through posttranslational modification. Both polypeptides were precipitated by rabbit antisera that were monospecific for rat epsilon chains. The epsilon chain mRNA was estimated to be approximately 2200 nucleotides long and constitutes a minute fraction in the total mRNA both in the IR2 and the IR162 tumors, unlike the mRNA for light chains. Double-stranded cDNA copies prepared frm the RNA fraction, which was enriched for epsilon chain mRNA, were inserted into the Pst I cleavage site of the pBR322 vector. Twenty clones with inserts exceeding 1000 base pairs were used for selection of mRNA from the IR2 tumor. By in vitro translation of the selected mRNA, one clone was identified that yielded a polypeptide with the same size as the unprocessed epsilon chain. The nucleotide sequence was determined for part of the inserted cDNA in this candidate clone and was found to be homologous to a sequence in the constant region (C) of the human epsilon chain. In this communication we report a sequence from the C epsilon 3 domain of the rat IgE. When compared to the corresponding sequence of human IgE, 55% of the amino acids in the rat sequence were found to be conserved. PMID- 6803239 TI - Prostate carcinoma tumor size in rats decreases after administration of antagonists of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - The effects of two potent antagonistic analogues of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) on the growth of two different models of rat prostate tumors have been investigated. Chronic administration of [NAc-p-F-DPhe1,p-Cl-DPhe2,DTrp3.6,D Ala10]LH-RH (antagonist I) at 50 micrograms/day for 21 days significantly inhibited the growth of the chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma 11095 in Fisher 344 male rats. The weights of the pituitary, ventral prostate, and testes were not significantly altered. After 21 days of treatment with this analogue serum luteinizing hormone (lutropin), follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels were markedly decreased. When male Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing the Dunning 3327H prostate adenocarcinoma were injected with antagonist I at 50 micrograms/day for 6 weeks or with [NAc-p-Cl-DPhe1,2,DTrp3,DPhe6,DAla10]LH RH (antagonist II) at 50 micrograms/day for 17 days, the percentage increase in tumor volume was decreased to half or less and the actual tumor volume was diminished 34-96% compared to controls. Tumor weight was decreased 30% and 89% after antagonist I and, respectively, compared to untreated controls. The tumor doubling time was 3- to 4-fold longer in rats receiving the inhibitory analogues than in the controls. Treatment with antagonist II decreased the weight of the whole prostate, but neither antagonist changed the weight of testes, anterior pituitary gland, or adrenals. Serum luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone levels in Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing Dunning tumors were significantly decreased after treatment with the inhibitory analogues, but progesterone levels were increased. The inhibitory effects of these antagonistic analogues on rat prostate tumors suggest that these compound might be considered in the development of new types of therapy for prostate carcinoma and other endocrine-dependent neoplasias. PMID- 6803240 TI - Template-directed pausing in in vitro DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase a from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. AB - The activity of Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase alpha on DNA-primed single stranded DNA templates has been examined. The DNA templates contain a 1471 nucleotide sequence from the heavy-strand origin region of mouse mtDNA inserted into the single-stranded bacteriophage vector M13Gori1. Preferred sites for pausing of in vitro DNA synthesis have been mapped within the cloned mtDNA insert and in the G4 cDNA strand origin which is contained within the vector DNA. Analysis of nascent DNA strands from replicative intermediates has revealed that pause sites are discrete and lie both at the positions of predicted stable dyads and in regions lacking the potential for formation of such structures. The patterns of kinetic pause sites observed for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is qualitatively similar to that found for DNA polymerase alpha. A subset of the observed kinetic pause signals are recognized by E. coli DNA polymerase I under similar conditions. PMID- 6803241 TI - Recombined flanks of the variable and joining segments of immunoglobulin genes. AB - The mechanism of generating immunoglobulin light chain genes by rearrangement of variable (V), joining (J), and constant (C) gene segments is still unknown. It has been discussed mostly in terms of excision and deletion of the DNA between the recombined V and J gene segments. However, the finding of DNA digests from the mouse myeloma T of a fragment (called f-T) that contains the 3' flank of a V kappa and the 5' flank of a J1 gene segment argued against a simple deletion mechanism [Steinmetz, M., Altenburger, W. & Zachau, H. G. (1980) Nucleic Acids Res. 8, 1709--1720]. The origin of fragment f-T has now been investigated by cloning and determining the sequence of the germ-line V gene segment that apparently participated in its formation. Moreover, analogous fragments containing flanking sequences were isolated from the myelomas MOPC 173 and 41 (f 173 and f-41) and studied by sequence analysis. The f fragments appear to be recombination products of V--J rearrangements reciprocal to rearranged kappa genes but, at least in the cases of f-T and f-173, not of the rearranged V genes present in the same tumor cell. This fact is best explained by a sister chromatid exchange mechanism of V--J recombination because, by this model, the rearranged V genes and the reciprocal flank recombination products would segregate into different cells during the following mitosis. The possibility is suggested that there exists in lymphocyte differentiation more than one mechanism of V--J recombination. PMID- 6803242 TI - Use of different tRNASer isoacceptor species in vitro to discriminate between the expression of plasmid genes. AB - A simplified translation system coupled to DNA transcription that involves assaying the synthesis of the first dipeptide of a gene product has been described recently [Robakis, N., Meza-Basso, L., Brot, N. & Weissbach, H. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 4261--4264]. Using this dipeptide system, we have investigated the expression of genes carried on plasmids coding for beta lactamase, ribosomal protein L12, and the chloroplast large subunit (LS) of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase (RbuBPCase). Although all three nascent gene products begin with the sequence fMet-Ser, the formation of fMet-Ser can be used to distinguish between the synthesis of beta-lactamase and either L12 or the LS of RbuBPCase by using different serine isoacceptor tRNA species. In beta lactamase, the serine codon is AGU, which utilizes the serine isoacceptor species tRNASer3; in L12 and the LS of RbuBPCase, the serine codewords are UCU and UCA, respectively, both of which are recognized by the serine isoacceptor species tRNASer1. By using either pure tRNASer1 or pure tRNASer3, the expression of each gene can be quantitated. In this system, guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate inhibits the expression of the beta-lactamase and L12 genes but stimulates the synthesis of the LS. In addition, the ratio of fMet-Ser/fMet-Ala (L12/L10) synthesized was about 1 as compared with the ratio of 4 that has been obtained previously in vivo or in vitro protein-synthesizing systems in which the entire gene product was measured. PMID- 6803243 TI - Accurate transcription of truncated ribosomal DNA templates in a Drosophila cell free system. AB - An extract of Drosophila melanogaster Kc cells is shown to give specific and accurate transcription of truncated segments of cloned D. melanogaster ribosomal DNA (rDNA). When clones are digested with restriction enzymes so that the initiation site is flanked by 0.3 kilobase (kb) of nontranscribed spacer and greater than 0.4 kb of external transcribed spacer, RNA polymerase I activity in the extract parallels in vivo rRNA synthesis in selection of the coding strand of template and the site of transcription initiation. When greater than 0.3 kb of the nontranscribed spacer is contiguous with transcribed spacer, in vitro initiations evidently also occur in repeated sequences adjacent to the site of in vivo initiation; when less than or equal to 0.4 kb of the external transcribed spacer is present in a segment, expected transcripts are heterogeneous in length or not detectable. Transcription in the cell-free system requires the specific addition of D. melanogaster rDNA: neither D. virilis rDNA, vector plasmid, nor clones of D. melanogaster genes that are transcribed in vivo by RNA polymerases II and III serve as templates in the system. Drosophila rDNA units that have an interruption in the 28S rRNA coding region are not transcribed in vivo, but restriction digests of a recombinant phage DNA that contains such a unit are active as template for in vitro rDNA transcription. PMID- 6803244 TI - Sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster: analysis of transformer-2, a sex transforming locus. AB - The transformer-2 (tra-2) locus is one of a set of regulatory loci that control sex determination in Drosophila melanogaster. Temperature-shift experiments with temperature-sensitive tra-2 mutants demonstrate that within single cell lineages tra-2+ function is required at several times, and probably continuously, during development for the occurrence of a series of determinative decisions necessary for female sexual differentiation. Analysis of the effects of tra-2 in the genital disc demonstrates that the tra-2+ function is necessary in females both to prevent male sexual differentiation and to permit female differentiation. These and other results support the model that the tra-2+ and tra+ loci act to control the expression of the bifunctional doublesex (dsx) locus. PMID- 6803245 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in glutathione-deficient macrophages. AB - Mouse resident peritoneal macrophages were treated with the glutathione (GSH) synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine to deplete intracellular GSH. The arachidonic acid metabolites released by the GSH-depleted macrophages in response to a zymosan challenge were analyzed by HPLC. Buthionine sulfoximine treatment resulted in inhibition of both prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene C synthesis that was directly related to the degree of GSH depletion. Macrophages in which GSH levels were reduced to 3% of normal exhibited reductions to 4% and 1%, respectively, in PGE2 and LTC formation. The total quantity of cyclooxygenase metabolites secreted by GSH-deficient macrophages was identical to that of control cells as a result of increased synthesis of prostacyclin and, to a lesser extent, 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid. Total lipoxygenase products were decreased, however; increased formation of hydroxyicosatetraenoic acids only partially compensated for the deficit in leukotriene C production. These findings extent our earlier observations on the inhibition of leukotriene C synthesis in GSH-depleted macrophages and confirm with intact cells the previously suggested role of GSH in prostaglandin E2 formation. PMID- 6803246 TI - Characterization of the human factor VIII procoagulant protein with a heterologous precipitating antibody. AB - The human factor VIII procoagulant protein (VIIIC) was purified from the VIIIC- factor VIII--related antigen (VIIIRAg) complex in commercial factor VIII concentrate by immunoadsorbent chromatography with a monoclonal anti-VIIIRAg antibody bound to Sepharose. In this complex, VIIIC is noncovalently bound to factor VIII-related antigen. The VIIIC eluted from the complex was free of VIIIRAg as determined by immunoassay and had a specific activity of 2,294 VIIIC units/mg of protein, representing a 164,000-fold purification from plasma. Electrophoresis of this VIIIC preparation in reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate containing 5% polyacrylamide slab gels and subsequent staining with Coomassie blue showed the VIIIC to be a strongly staining doublet of Mrs 79,000 and 80,000 and more faintly staining bands of up to Mr 188,000. Treatment of the VIIIC with catalytic amounts of thrombin resulted in diminution or complete disappearance of all of these bands and appearance of a doublet of Mrs 71,000 and 72,000, a band at Mr 54,000, and material of lower Mr. The purified VIIIC was used to produce a precipitating heterologous anti-VIIIC antibody, which was shown to be monospecific for VIIIC after adsorption with factor VIII-depleted commercial concentrate. Use of this antibody in crossed immunoelectrophoresis positively identified the VIIIC bands in the sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gels. These techniques have allowed the identification of VIIIC protein and description of its extensive Mr heterogeneity. PMID- 6803249 TI - A proposed physiological role of prostaglandin F2 alpha in prostatic function. PMID- 6803247 TI - Sex-dependent gonadotropin concentrations in infant chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6803248 TI - Isolation of protein-glycogen complexes from rat skeletal muscle in acute uremia: role of serine. PMID- 6803250 TI - Studies of zinc in normal and neoplastic prostatic tissues. PMID- 6803251 TI - Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of A10 dopaminergic neurons on aggressive behavior in rats. AB - The present study evaluated the effects of microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine into the ventral mesencephalic tegmental area (nucleus A10) on aggressive behavior in rats. This treatment resulted in a reduction in foot-shock-induced fighting but failed to influence muricide (mouse-killing) behavior in chronically isolated rats. The general activity of animals tested in the open field was significantly increased two weeks after lesions. These behavioral changes were accompanied by a significant depletion of forebrain dopamine, with no difference between lesioned and sham-lesioned rats in norepinephrine and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels. PMID- 6803252 TI - Interaction of acute and chronic stress with respiration: modification by naloxone. AB - Rats exposed to inescapable foot shock displayed an increase in respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute volume. Naloxone HCl (5 mg/kg, SC) potentiated the foot shock-induced increase in ventilation. Inhalation of high (5% and 10%) concentrations of carbon dioxide enhanced the stimulation of ventilation observed in both the acute stressed animals and the acute stress-naloxone treated group. Chronic daily foot shock sessions (11 days) attenuated the respiratory stimulation produced by acute foot shock and the potentiation induced by naloxone. The appearance of foot shock-induced stimulation of respiration paralleled the production of acute foot shock-induced analgesia. On the other hand, chronic foot shock attenuated both stress-related analgesia and respiratory stimulation. These results strongly suggest stress can influence respiratory function through activation or release of the endogenous opioids. It is postulated that the endorphinergic system functions as a compensatory system which prevents excessive stimulation of respiration by stress. PMID- 6803253 TI - Action of corticosteroids and phenylbutazone on the removal of bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) from polymorphonuclears. PMID- 6803254 TI - Rhein and derivatives. In vitro studies on their capacity to inhibit certain proteases. PMID- 6803255 TI - Synthesis of amidrazones from 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. AB - Hydrazine, phenylhydrazine and carboxylic acid hydrazides underwent an addition reaction to the 1,2 double bond of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one with ring opening to give oxalamidrazone derivatives. Preliminary screening of these amidrazones showed that some of the synthesized compounds exhibited antitubercular activity. PMID- 6803256 TI - Barbituric acid derivatives. PMID- 6803257 TI - Free radicals in pharmacology and toxicology--selected topics. PMID- 6803259 TI - Genetic control of cell-cell interactions. PMID- 6803258 TI - Antibody diversity versus antibody complementarity. PMID- 6803260 TI - Expression and dynamics of membrane immunoglobulins. PMID- 6803261 TI - The influence of verapamil on the amplitude and frequency of cholinergic initiated contractions of isolated gastric muscularis muscle of Bufo marinus. AB - In order to elucidate the role of Ca2+ in the acetylcholine-initiated amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions of isolated circular muscle strips from Bufo marinus stomach, we investigated the effects of omission of Ca2+ in the nutrient fluid and also the influence of verapamil, a calcium antagonist, on the amplitude and frequency of the initiated spontaneous contractions. The gastric muscularis muscle strips were prepared and mounted in an organ bath. The control preparation was challenged with a predetermined dose of acetylcholine (1.50 x 10( 5) mol/l) to elicit isometric contractions and there was no decline in the strength of contractions during the experimental period (2 h). Omission of Ca2+ in the nutrient solution prevented acetylcholine-initiated contractions. When the preparation was challenged with the concentration of acetylcholine in the presence of different concentrations of verapamil(10(-10)-10(-3) mol/l), verapamil concentration-dependently suppressed the amplitude of acetylcholine initiated contractions. When the contractions were seen the frequency was identical. From this investigation, it was concluded that Ca2+ plays a significant part in acetylcholine-initiated spontaneous contractions of circular gastric muscularis muscle of B. marinus. PMID- 6803262 TI - Sorbinil protection of lens protein components and cell hydration during diabetic cataract formation. AB - Topical application of Sorbinil, a potent aldose reductase inhibitor, preserved lens growth, cell hydration and protein components--alpha, beta and gamma crystallins. The concomitant protective effects of Sorbinil were established on the three lenticular parameters because their quantitation offered a comprehensive index of lens integrity during galactose cataractogenesis. The fused eyelids of the rat neonate provided a natural delivery chamber, an orbital pouch, for topical administration of inhibitor to the treated lens; the contralateral pouch served as an untreated control. Protein preservation was determined by gel filtration chromatography. In galactose-maintained neonates, untreated lenses exhibited only 50% of the normal fraction-II component, whereas Sorbinil treatment maintained 95% of the protein. Likewise, quantitative analysis of scanning electron micrographs indicated that Sorbinil protected lenses against both intra- and extracellular fluid accumulation as determined by measurements of individual fiber cell thickness, density (the number of cells/10 micrometer cortex), and interdigitation. In addition, Sorbinil-treatment maintained normal growth as evidenced by radius and dry weight measurements. In normal neonates, Sorbinil had no effect on these parameters. These results indicate that changes in lens growth, fiber ultrastructure and protein components respond to aldose reductase inhibition by Sorbinil, thereby diminishing cataractogenesis. PMID- 6803263 TI - Radiotherapy treatment workload statistics. PMID- 6803264 TI - The recombination correction for an ionisation chamber exposed to pulsed radiation in a 'swept beam' technique. II. Experimental. PMID- 6803265 TI - Use of the FBX dosemeter for the calibration of cobalt-60 and high-energy teletherapy machines. AB - The doses from the cobalt-60 teletherapy machines were measured using the FBX and secondary-standard dosemeters of Farmer-Baldwin type. The FBX dosemeter contained 0.20 mM ferrous ammonium sulphate, 5.0 mM benzoic acid and 0.20 mM xylenol orange in 0.05 N sulphuric acid. The values were compared with the values from a Fricke dosemeter and a graphite chamber used as primary standards. The values of the FBX, Fricke and graphite chambers agreed. There were, however wide differences among the different secondary-standard dosemeters themselves and with the FBX dosemeter. The FBX dosemeter was used for the measurement of central axis depth dose distributions for 5, 8, 10, 20 and 30 MeV electron and 42 MV x-ray beams. PMID- 6803266 TI - Backscattering in electron beam therapy for energies between 3 and 35 MeV. AB - Whenever a heterogeneity is present in an electron beam treatment field during radiotherapy, there is the possibility of tissue overdosage at the tissue heterogeneity interface due to electrons backscattered from the heterogeneity. Measurements of this effect were made in a polystyrene phantom using a purpose built thin-window parallel-plane ionisation chamber. Materials of various atomic numbers were used as scatterers and the investigations were made over a wide range of electron energies. Electron backscatter factor (EBF), defined as the ratio fo dose at the interface surface with and without the scatterer present, was found to increase with increasing atomic number and decrease with increasing beam energy. Both of these relationships were found to be non-linear. The EBF dependence on the scatterer thickness was also investigated. All data in this work were expressed in relation to the beam energy incident on the scatterer in preference to the nominal beam energy set on the accelerator. This approach enables the dose enhancement at an interface to be predicted from a knowledge of the heterogeneity (atomic number and thickness,), its depth in tissue and the beam energy being used for treatment. The results of this work were compared with the published data and an explanation is offered to account for the difference. PMID- 6803267 TI - Enhanced sensitivity to the lethal and mutagenic effects of photosensitizing action of chlorpromazine in ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated Escherichia coli. PMID- 6803268 TI - Information arising from the tracheobronchial tree of mammals. PMID- 6803270 TI - Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of common infections in geriatric patients. AB - Prevention of infection in the elderly is far preferable to treatment of the disease, and can be promoted through precautionary measures when undertaking invasive procedures in older patients as well as through the administration of available vaccines. Difficulties in diagnosing bacterial pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, and urinary tract infections in the elderly, and schedules for treating these diseases, are discussed. PMID- 6803269 TI - Physiological significance of fluid secretion in the testis and blood-testis barrier. PMID- 6803271 TI - Nutritional aspects of aging. PMID- 6803272 TI - Health care expenditures for the elderly. Who pays for them? AB - The degree to which Medicare and Medicaid programs provide health coverage for the elderly still leaves a large financial burden on this population. Although the sale of supplementary health insurance to the elderly has been fraught with abuse, a policy purchased from a reputable organization can be advantageous. Knowledge of the large amount spent on personal health care will hopefully stimulate the search for alternative, less expensive ways to provide health care. PMID- 6803273 TI - Absence of orthostatic hypotension in depressed patients treated with bupropion. PMID- 6803274 TI - Effects of amino acid precursors on catecholamine synthesis in the brain. PMID- 6803275 TI - NAD+-dependent acetaldehyde oxidation in Drosophila. PMID- 6803276 TI - Effects of smoking different doses of nicotine on human aggressive behavior. AB - A new methodology was employed to study the effects of drugs on human aggressive behavior in a laboratory situation. The effects of not smoking, smoking a low nicotine dose (0.42 mg/cigarette), and smoking a high nicotine dose (2.19 mg/cigarette) on human nonaggressive and aggressive responding was determined. A nonaggressive response, which resulted in the accumulation of money, was continuously available to the subject. Two different aggressive responses were also available: the ostensible subtraction of money from, and the ostensible presentation of a 1-s blast of white noise to a (fictitious) person. Aggressive responding was elicited by subtracting money from the research subjects, which was attributed to a fictitious person paired with the research subject randomly each day. Nicotine, administered with experimental cigarettes, produced dose dependent decrease in both types of aggressive responding elicited by low or high frequency subtractions of money attributed to another person. Generally, the more aggressive response option, i.e., subtraction of money from another person, decreased more following nicotine administration. Smoking the same doses of nicotine increased nonaggressive monetary reinforced responding. This indicates that the suppressant effects of nicotine on aggressive responding was not due to a non-specific depressant action. PMID- 6803277 TI - The clinical significance of disordered renal excretion of xanthurenic acid in depressive patients. AB - Xanthurenic acid is a metabolite of L-tryptophanicotinic acid ribonucleotide biosynthesis. The excretion of xanthurenic acid from urine 24 h after ingestion of 5 g L-tryptophan is increased in depressive patients, and 17 hydroxycorticosteroids are considered of primary importance to this disorder. However, in this study, the excretion of xanthurenic acid and 17 hydroxycorticosteroids did not correlate with the scores of the Raskin depression scale, Hamilton depression scale, Zung depression scale, or the Zung anxiety scale in depressive patients. The patients were treated with either pyridoxine plus L-tryptophan, a presumably serotonin-enhancing treatment (n = 10) or maprotiline, a noradrenaline-enhancing drug (n = 10). Repeated measurements showed no differences between treatments after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. The improvement in xanthurenic acid excretion precedes clinical improvements in depression. The excretion of xanthurenic acid only at 2 weeks correlated significantly with the anxiety and depression scores at 4 weeks, making prediction of clinical improvement possible. The neurobiological mode of action on noradrenergic or serotonergic neurons of antidepressant medication is of questionable significance to their therapeutic effect. PMID- 6803278 TI - Kinetics of L-tryptophan in depressive patients: a possible correlation between the plasma concentrations of L-tryptophan and some psychiatric rating scales. AB - The plasma concentration and flux of L-tryptophan are abnormal in primary depressive patients, according to the literature. The plasma concentrations of L tryptophan over a 6-h period after ingestion of 5 g L-tryptophan were investigated and did not differ significantly between depressive patients and controls during the absorption, distribution, and elimination phases. There was no correlation between the plasma concentrations with anxiety or depression scores, or with the excretion in urine of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and xanthurenic acid during the 24 h after L-tryptophan. Treatment with either 125 mg pyridoxine (three times daily with meals) and L-tryptophan (3 g at 10 PM) or with maprotiline (100 mg at 10 PM) had no influence on the plasma concentrations of L tryptophan after 2 or 4 weeks of treatment. This excludes L-tryptophan deficiency as a pathogenic factor of depression in the patients studied. No kinetic differences could be demonstrated in the depressive patients, making differences in body compartments or flux of L-tryptophan unlikely to be of pathogenic importance to depression. PMID- 6803279 TI - Dose-dependent kinetics of imipramine in elderly patients. AB - In a group of elderly depressed patients treated with imipramine (50-200 mg/day), six patients had the dose changed after 1-3 weeks of treatment. In all cases an increased dose resulted in a considerably disproportional rise in the plasma level of the active metabolite desipramine. In a group of elderly depressed patients treated with nortriptyline (40-100 mg/day) the dose/plasma level ratio could be examined in 6 patients, and there was no tendency towards a disproportional rise in plasma level, when the dose was raised. Dose changes, thus, may result in unpredictable changes in plasma levels during imipramine treatment and therapy control by plasma level monitoring may be difficult in these patients. Additional treatment with perphenazine (8-16 mg/day) to patients on imipramine (N = 3) or nortriptyline (N = 2) caused a marked rise in drug levels for imipramine in particular affecting the desipramine levels. PMID- 6803280 TI - Alteration of the disruptive effect of fenfluramine on food consumption in the rat by repeated post-session administration of d-amphetamine. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated treatment (15 days) with d-amphetamine (AMP) or fenfluramine (FEN), administered after a daily 3 h feeding session (e.g. post-session), would result in tolerance or cross-tolerance to the decrement in food consumption induced by treatment with either drug before feeding (e.g. pre-session). Groups of males rats were treated IP with 0.5 ml saline, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mg/kg AMP, or 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg FEN prior to a 3 h feeding session. For the next 15 sessions, the respective groups were treated post-session with saline (0.5 ml), AMP (4.0 mg/kg), or FEN (10 mg/kg). Following this 15 day post-session phase, each group again received this pre-session treatment. The initial pre-session treatment with all dosages of these two drugs produced a significant decrease in food consumption. Tolerance to the food intake suppressant effect of FEN, but not AMP, resulted from repeated post-session treatment with the same agent. Repeated post-session treatment with AMP resulted in a significant decrement in the suppressant activity of FEN on food intake, whereas the corresponding post-session treatments with FEN did not alter the pre session effects of AMP except for an enhancement seen with higher AMP doses. PMID- 6803281 TI - The effects of radio-frequency lesions of the nucleus accumbens on d-amphetamine induced locomotor and rearing behavior in rats. AB - A large body of evidence supports the conclusion that mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons, particularly those that innervate the nucleus accumbens (n. ACC), are important for the expression of amphetamine-stimulated locomotor behavior (ASLB). However, a contradictory report (Wirtshafter et al. 1978), stating that bilateral lesions of the n. ACC fail to block ASLB, was based on a general measure of activity that did not distinguish between locomotion and rearing. In the present study, observer ratings of videotaped responses were used to determine the separate effects of 2.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine (d-AMP) on locomotion and rearing in rats with either sham or radio-frequency lesions of the n. ACC. The n.ACC lesions blocked the locomotor stimulation, but not the increased rearing that follows d AMP administration. These results support the general conclusion that dopaminergic terminals in the n. ACC are important for the expression of ASLB, and further suggest that d-AMP-stimulated locomotion and rearing are mediated through different neural substrates. PMID- 6803282 TI - High-affinity 3H-imipramine binding in platelets from untreated and treated depressed patients compared to healthy volunteers. AB - Specific high-affinity binding of 3H-imipramine to human platelets possesses very similar characteristics to the sites previously described in animal and human brains. In a study comparing the binding of 3H-imipramine in platelets obtained from 39 control volunteers with 37 hospitalized, untreated, severely depressed patients, the maximal binding of 3H-imipramine was found to be significantly lower in the depressed population. There were no differences in the KD values. After 7-15 days of treatment with tricyclic anti-depressant drugs, there was an improvement in the degree of the depression but no significant change in the maximal 3H-imipramine binding. After an average of 50 days treatment, Hamilton ratings had returned to normal, but the 3H-imipramine binding values remained unchanged. PMID- 6803283 TI - An evaluation of the locomotor stimulating action of ethanol in rats and mice. AB - The locomotor activity of groups of three CD-1 female mice was increased by 1.0 and 2.0 g/kg ethanol, IP, was decreased during the first hour and increased during the second hour by 3.0 and 4.0 g/kg, and was decreased by 5.0 g/kg. The dose (2.0 g/kg) that caused the greatest increase in locomotor activity did not impair motor coordination, measured by the height of aerial righting in mice. Tests after oral administration of ethanol showed that the increase in locomotor activity of mice was not due to peritoneal irritation. The same dose (2.0 g/kg) did not increase the locomotor activity of C57BL/6J mice. Ethanol (0.1 to 3.0 g/kg) had no effect or decreased the locomotor activity of individual male Sprague-Dawley rats. These findings suggest that biological differences in strains and species of laboratory rodents contribute to the apparent variability of locomotor stimulation caused by ethanol. The presence or absence of an ethanol induced increase in locomotor activity was not dependent on the sex or number of mice or rats tested. Intertrial-interval crossing by rats acquiring or performing an active avoidance task in a shuttle box was increased by ethanol. This action was dependent on the presentation of electric foot shock. Apomorphine (0.25 and 2.5 mg/kg) and fenmetozole (7.5 and 15.0 mg/kg) failed to inhibit the ethanol induced increase in intertrial-interval crossing by rats, although these drugs have been shown previously to antagonize the ethanol-induced increase in the activity of mice ethanol treatment. The ethanol-induced increases in the spontaneous locomotor activity of CD-1 mice in photocell activity monitors and in intertrial-interval crosses in rats in a shuttle box task thus do not appear to share a common mechanism. PMID- 6803284 TI - Binding of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam to plasma protein: concentration dependence and interactions. AB - The binding of diazepam (DZ) and its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam (DMDZ) to plasma protein was evaluated in a series of controlled in vitro studies using equilibrium dialysis. Free fraction (FF) of both drugs alone changed significantly with total plasma drug concentration, but the increased FF (reduction in binding) did not occur until concentrations considerably exceeded those encountered during typical therapeutic use. Increasing concentrations of one drug at a time tended to increase FF for the other, although the effects were, at most, of borderline significance. Simultaneously increasing concentrations of both drugs led to significantly increased FF for both. Thus, DZ and DMDZ appear to bind to the same site or sites on plasma albumin. Binding is concentration-independent within and considerably above the usual therapeutic range. PMID- 6803285 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of arecoline: a new approach for studying central muscarinic receptors. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate arecoline (1.74 mg/kg) from saline in a milk reinforced (variable interval 12s) two-lever operant paradigm. The discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of arecoline were antagonized by atropine sulfate, but not by atropine methylnitrate or mecamylamine. In contrast to the effects on discrimination, atropine did not antagonize the response rate suppressant effects of arecoline. The DS effect of arecoline completely generalized to oxotremorine, partially generalized to pilocarpine, and did not generalize to nicotine. These data demonstrate that the DS effect of arecoline depends on central muscarinic receptors. PMID- 6803286 TI - Effects of apomorphine and piribedil on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures in mice. AB - Based on previous work examining the effects of dextroamphetamine on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced clonic seizure threshold, the objective of the present study was to determine the effects of two other dopamine agonists, apomorphine (AP) and piribedil, on PTZ seizures. TD50 and LD50 values for CD-1 mice were determined initially for the two drugs. Subsequently, dose- and time response analyses established that AP decreased PTZ seizure threshold 15 min after administraton, but increased the threshold at 60 min. Piribedil elevated the seizure threshold, but like AP, did not exhibit a clear dose-response relationship. Subsequent blocker studies with phentolamine, (-)sotalol, pimozide, and atropine suggested the possible neurotransmitter systems involved in the modulation of the PTZ-induced seizures by AP and piribedil. Pimozide blocked the changes in seizure threshold induced by both drugs. Atropine also decreased the AP-induced increase in threshold at 60 min. The pattern of inhibition of seizure threshold changes induced by the neurotransmitter blockers suggested that piribedil blocked seizures by means of indirect actions on several neurotransmitters. PMID- 6803287 TI - Effects of baclofen on dopamine-dependent behaviors in mice. AB - Baclofen, the parachlorophenyl analog of GABA, was found to induce catalepsy and to inhibit the traction response in mice. However, baclofen pretreatment, instead of antagonizing methamphetamine stereotypy and apomorphine-induced cage climbing behavior, was found to potentiate these behaviors, thereby ruling out the possibility of its possessing postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptor blocking activity. The possible mechanism involved in the induction of catalepsy and in the inhibition of the traction response by baclofen is discussed on the basis that baclofen, by inhibiting the firing of the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic DA neurons, reduces the release of DA and thereby produces a functional lack of DA at postsynaptic DA receptor sites with resultant induction of catalepsy and inhibition of the traction response. Further, the hyper-responsiveness to methamphetamine and apomorphine is explained on the basis that, as the postsynaptic DA receptors are acutely deprived of their transmitter, following baclofen pretreatment, they become supersensitive to the DA agonists. PMID- 6803289 TI - Future balance of care--the GP's view. PMID- 6803288 TI - Tranylcypromine isomers: single-dose effects in normal human subjects. AB - Moderately high single doses of (+)- and (-)tranylcypromine were given to normal subjects, in the morning and evening, in two double-blind placebo-controlled experiments. Effects were determined up to 24h later by psychological and physiological measures. No significant differences were found on most measures, but the subjects consistently reported stronger effects after the (+)isomer. Both active drugs induced sedative effects when given in the morning. Following the evening administration, delayed sleep onset was reported after the (-)isomer, while the (+)isomer was associated with more awakenings during the night. The mechanisms responsible for these effects are discussed. PMID- 6803290 TI - [Improvement of irradiation planning in megavolt-therapy by means of mathematical optimization. I. Communication (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803291 TI - [Acute skin reactions of a miniature pig MINI-LEWE following single or fractionated local irradiation with 250 kv x-rays or 6.2 mev neutron rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803292 TI - [Pulmonary radioreaction demonstrated by x-ray pictures (author's transl)]. AB - X-ray radiographs of the thorax of 119 patients suffering from Morbus Hodgkin (period of therapy VI/1974-III/1979) which have been taken during radiotherapy and at routine follow up examinations have been analysed with regard to temporal progress and extent of the pulmonary radioreaction after standardised mantle field irradiation with a 4-MeV linear accelerator, extended-field satellite technique and tumor doses of 40-46 Gy. After a characteristic latency period without radio-morphological reaction the patients on average showed 12 weeks after beginning of irradiation signs of a beginning pneumonitis (phase I), after 15 weeks a florid pneumonitis (phase IIa), and after 20 weeks a florid pneumonitis with beginning shrinkage (phase IIb). After 5-9 months (average level 34 weeks) the pulmonary radioreaction was complete after having reached a steady paramediastinal lung fibrosis (phase IV). Classifying the radioreaction into 3 degrees of gravity a light pneumonitis was found in 44%, a medium one in 29%, and a severe pneumonitis in 16% of the cases. For clinical use it is important to know that after beginning shrinkage new expansion of mediastinum and/or of peripheral parenchymal shadows cannot be radioreactions. Primarily these new changes have to be interpreted as recurrence. PMID- 6803294 TI - Cholelithiasis in infants: association with total parenteral nutrition and furosemide. PMID- 6803293 TI - Massive hemorrhage from jejunal diverticula. AB - Three patients with bleeding jejunal diverticula that presented as life threatening massive rectal hemorrhage were examined angiographically, with localization of the bleeding point. Vasopressin infusion did not result in adequate hemostasis in the two patients in whom it was attempted. Jejunal diverticula represent an uncommon, but not rare, source of massive gastrointestinal bleeding, usually presenting as "lower" tract hemorrhage. Without angiographic localization, surgical exploration for bleeding arising from jejunal diverticula has been difficult because of their occult nature and proximal location. A previously normal small intestine series does not preclude their presence. PMID- 6803295 TI - Fetal ocular biometry by ultrasound. PMID- 6803296 TI - Multiple remissions induced by mediastinal irradiation in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6803297 TI - Hemophilia treatment: its relationship to blood products. PMID- 6803298 TI - Management of inhibitors to factor VIII. PMID- 6803299 TI - [Urinary excretory rhythms and endocrine functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803300 TI - [Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803301 TI - Metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid by murine macrophage-like tumor cell lines. AB - Murine macrophage-like cell lines, J774.2, P388D1, RAW264.7 and PU-5-1R, were incubated with exogenous arachidonic acid (AA). The major metabolites were identified by comigration with known standards in TLC and HPLC and by characteristic behavior following reduction. During a 30 min incubation J774.2 cells metabolized exogenous 14C-AA (10 microM) to PGE2 (14.8%), 12-hydroxy-5,8,10 heptadecatrienoic acid (HHT) (13.0%), thromboxane B2 (TXB2) (7.4%), PGD2 (4.4%) and PGF2 alpha (3.0%). The remainder was incorporated into phospholipids (39.0%), triglycerides (6.1%), and as yet unidentified metabolites (8.2%). No PGF1 alpha was found. Metabolism of exogenous AA was rapid, being less than 90% completed at 3.5 min. Metabolism of exogenous AA is not increased by the simultaneous addition of macrophage stimuli including the cation ionophore A-23187, particulate phagocytic stimuli and endotoxin. The synthesis of cyclooxygenase products was inhibited by low doses of indomethacin (ID50=0.6 microM) while the synthesis of TXB2 and HHT was selectively inhibited by benzylimidazole (ID50=9.5 microM). Identification of a probable lipoxygenase product is being pursued. The synthesis of this product is not inhibited by indomethacin and migrates with an Rf value close to 5,12-diHETE in TLC. P388D1 and RAW264.7 cells metabolize exogenous AA to the same products as J774.2, but in different proportions, while PU-5-1R does not produce cyclooxygenase metabolites to any appreciable extent. PMID- 6803302 TI - Acute protection against arachidonate toxicity by hydrocortisone and dexamethasone in mice. AB - 1. Pharmacologic doses of hydrocortisone sodium succinate (100 mg/kg) has a rapid protective action against arachidonate-induced mortality in mice when administered intravenously 5 to 60 min before intravenous infusion of arachidonate. 2. Intravenous dexamethasone sodium phosphate (4 mg/kg) has a similar protective effect. 3. The time course of the development of the protective effect of intravenous glucocorticoids suggests that DNA transcription and protein synthesis are not involved in the mechanism of this action. 4. Longer pretreatment with glucocorticoids are required to reduce mortality when subcutaneous or intraperitoneal routes of administration of the steroids used. PMID- 6803303 TI - Fish oil feeding lowers thromboxane- and prostacyclin production by rat platelets and aorta and does not result in the formation of prostaglandin I3. AB - It is demonstrated that feeding cod-liver oil to rats leads to a considerable reduction in the formation of platelet TxA2 and of vascular PGI2. No appreciable formation of TxA3 and PGI3 is observed, although arterial thrombosis is depressed and bleeding time is prolonged. These findings contradict the suggested role of prostaglandins of the 3-series in thromboregulation. PMID- 6803305 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism in isolated pancreatic islets of the rat. AB - Isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans of the rat which were sonicated and incubated with radiolabeled arachidonic acid for 1 hr synthesized several species of prostaglandins (PGs). Both thin-layer and high-performance liquid (HPLC) chromatographic techniques demonstrated the synthesis by islet sonicates of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 equivalents, in addition to the 15-keto-13, 14-dihydro metabolites of these primary PGs. In addition, HPLC allowed the identification of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the metabolite of prostacyclin) as a major PG synthesized from arachidonate by this tissue. Islet vascular elements, as well as endocrine cells, may contribute to the synthesis of the latter compound. Lesser amounts of arachidonate were incorporated into PG-like compounds eluting as thromboxane. The synthesis of PGs was sensitive to the protein concentration of islet sonicate, and a five-fold dilution of protein resulted in a comparable reduction in arachidonate incorporation into PGs. Labeled arachidonate was also incorporated into compounds which elute as hydroxy or hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids on HPLC. Thus, isolated pancreatic islets synthesize a variety of PGs which may have a physiological role in hormone secretion from this endocrine organ. PMID- 6803306 TI - Variables associated with radioimmunoassay of prostaglandins in plasma. AB - This study examined a number of variables which influence radio-immunoassay measurements of prostaglandins in plasma. Comparative assays in specimens obtained from normal subjects and processed by different methods demonstrated that prostaglandin measurements were uniformly lower when blood was anticoagulated with EDTA, aspirin or indomethacin was added to inhibit further synthesis or prostaglandins in vitro, samples were centrifuged at 4 degrees C at speeds which removed platelets from the sample, and assays were performed when plasma was thawed for the first time. Examination of assay results also revealed that the presence of unextracted plasma enhanced the binding of labeled ligands to antisera (%Bo) but thereafter, the displacement of ligand by increasing quantities of the reference prostaglandin paralleled the results in buffer throughout the range of the assay. In subsequent studies therefore the %Bo for plasma assays was adjusted on the basis of ligand binding in the presence of comparable volumes of pooled plasma from aspirin-treated subjects. Results of 7 prostaglandin assays in plasma and serum of normal subjects are reported. PMID- 6803304 TI - Lack of prostacyclin biosynthesis by aortic tissue of the chicken. AB - The capacity of chicken aorta to produce prostaglandins both from exogenous and endogenous arachidonic acid has been evaluated. The metabolism of arachidonic acid in this tissue is mainly directed to PGE2 and, in contrast to mammalian species, virtually no prostacyclin synthetase is present. However, the capacity of chicken thrombocytes to generate thromboxane A2 and 12-L-hydroxy-5, 8, 10, 14 eicosatetraenoic acid is similar to that observed for the mammalian blood platelets. PMID- 6803307 TI - Increased platelet activity after termination of prostacyclin infusion into man. AB - Infusion of PGI2 at a dose of 5 or 10 ng/kg/min during 72 hours into patients with peripheral vascular disease was followed by increased susceptibility of platelets to proaggregatory action of ADP and collagen but not that of arachidonate. The above effects were observed 24 hours after termination of infusion of PGI2. A tendency to an increased formation of TXA2 in PRP aggregated by arachidonate was also noticed. Infusion of PGI2 at a dose of 2 mg/kg/min during 72 hours into the patients caused the decreased platelet aggregability to ADP and arachidonate but not to collagen, and a decreased tendency to production of TXA2 in PRP aggregated by arachidonate. The existence of a "rebound effect" in platelets after a long term PGI2 therapy is suggested. PMID- 6803308 TI - [Effect of catergen on the course of acute viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6803309 TI - [Non-A, non-B hepatitis - current state of research]. PMID- 6803310 TI - Anti-aggregatory actions of calcium channel blockers in cat platelets. AB - Four calcium channel blockers, verapamil, nifedipine, nisoldipine and nimodipine were studied in terms of their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in cat platelet rich plasma by optical aggregometry. Only verapamil and nisoldipine significantly inhibited aggregation in cat platelets to ADP (2 microM). None of the calcium channel blockers exerted marked inhibition of aggregation induced by 1mM arachidonic acid. However, verapamil produced a moderate but significant inhibition of aggregation to arachidonic acid. Increasing the calcium ion concentration could reverse this inhibition. Thus, there are significant differences in the anti-aggregatory activity of calcium channel blockers in cat platelet rich plasma. PMID- 6803312 TI - Intrapulmonary CO2 receptors and control of breathing in ducks: effects of prolonged circulation time to carotid bodies and brain. AB - The role of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in the breath-to-breath control of spontaneous breathing was studied in anesthetized ducks by stimulating these receptors with changes in mixed venous CO2 loads during prolonged circulation time to the carotid bodies and brain by vascular loops placed in both brachiocephalic arteries. Blood equilibrated with gas mixtures of high (85% CO2 15% O2) or low CO2 (air) was infused into the right ventricle at 100 ml . min-1, while simultaneously withdrawing blood from the entrance of the right atrium at the same rate. A variety of cardiopulmonary and blood gas variables were measured. Infusing blood of high PCO2 increased both respiratory frequency and tidal volume long before the altered blood could have reached the carotid bodies or brain. The increase in ventilation was not enough to prevent a rise in PaCO2. Infusing blood of low PCO2 decreased both respiratory frequency and tidal volume. Again, the changes in respiration occurred before the infused blood had reached the carotid bodies or the brain. Infusion of blood similar in PCO2 to mixed venous blood did not significantly alter ventilation or arterial blood gases. The rapidity of the ventilation response to a change in mixed venous CO2 load led us to conclude that the intrapulmonary chemoreceptors can detect changes in mixed venous CO2 loads and that they initiate a ventilatory change appropriate to minimize alterations in PaCO2. These receptors, thus, can control breathing on a breath-to-breath basis in birds. PMID- 6803311 TI - On the functional heterogeneity of UDP-glucuronyl transferase of mouse liver microsomes. AB - Fractionation of sodium cholate solubilized microsomes from mouse liver on Sepharose CL-48 yielded three protein peaks with UDP-glucuronyltransferase activities. Of these three peaks, only peak II contained activities towards all the substrates tested: p-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, morphine, testosterone and estrone. These glucuronyltransferase activities could not be dissociated by further chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and isoelectric focusing. The results show the presence of a functional form of glucuronyltransferase with a wide substrate specificity, and indicate that in addition, other forms with narrower studied specificities may also be present in mouse liver microsomes. PMID- 6803313 TI - Constancy of physiological dead space during high-frequency ventilation. AB - A ventilator, specially designed to allow the direct measurement of expired gas volume and composition, was used to maintain gas exchange in anesthetized, paralyzed, New Zealand White rabbits at ventilatory frequencies up to 22 Hz. A total of eleven studies were carried out on seven animals. Determinations of the minute ventilation required to maintain a normal steady-state PCO2, together with the FECO2 and arterial PO2, PCO2, and pH, were made at a number of frequencies. The results so obtained were used to calculate the physiological dead space. It was found that this value remained remarkably constant for each individual rabbit over a range of ventilatory frequencies from 1 to 22 Hz. Our findings in rabbits are in contrast to those of other workers (in dogs) that adequate gas exchange can be maintained at high ventilatory frequencies with the use of tidal volumes much smaller than the volume of anatomical dead space. PMID- 6803314 TI - Temporal variation in the VT-TI relationship in humans. AB - The variation with time of the relationship between tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory duration (TI) was assessed by analysis of 34 breathing sequences, nominally of 300 breath duration, during eupnea and hypercapnic hyperpnea in 6 human subjects. Two approaches were used: (1) each sequence was divided into consecutive 50-breath blocks and standard regression techniques used to characterize VT as a function of TI; and (2) a piecewise linear regression technique was applied to cluster consecutive breaths into regression regimes. Analysis of covariance was used with the results of both approaches to determine the likelihood that a single regression line was adequate to describe the entire data set. Similar results obtained regardless of the approach used. In only 4 of the 34 experiments would the hypothesis of regression slope homogeneity be accepted (P greater than 0.05) using the clustering approach; in 27 experiments, it was indicated that the regression slope estimates of VT on TI should not be considered homogeneous. Changes in the VT-TI slope were not correlated with changes in mean levels of VT, TI, minute ventilation (V), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), nor alveolar PCO2 (PACO2). Thus it is apparent that the VT-TI relation cannot be considered temporally invariant, but changes with time over periods ranging from less than 20 to more than 100 breaths. PMID- 6803315 TI - Some effects of carbon dioxide on intracellular potassium in frog muscle. AB - The short-term effect of carbon dioxide on resting potential (Em), intracellular potassium activity (aiK) and intracellular pH (pHi) has been investigated in frog skeletal muscle. The external pH was kept constant in the range 6.8-7.6 by addition of HCO-3 in presence of CO2. Measurements were done in single or surface fibres of the semitendinosus muscle. CO2 reduced quickly Em and aiK at high but not at low PCO2. This effect persisted in presence of ouabain (10(-5) M). These actions of CO2 are largely accountable for by osmotic swelling, but additional factors are involved. PMID- 6803316 TI - Changing respiratory importance of gills, lungs and skin during metamorphosis in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. AB - Oxygen uptake (MO2) and carbon dioxide excretion (MCO2) by the skin, lungs and gills (if present) of Rana catesbeiana have been measured at 20 degrees C during 4 developmental stages - strictly water breathing tadpoles, air breathing tadpoles, post-metamorphic bullfrogs and 4-year-old adult bullfrogs. In aquatic tadpoles, branchial performance is comparable to that of teleost fishes, but a large skin area to body mass ratio, particularly for the tail, plus a thin and highly vascularized skin, presumably facilitates a large (60% of total MO2) cutaneous O2 uptake. As development proceeds, MO2 by the gills decreases and the lungs assume importance in O2 uptake, but the skin remains the major organ of O2 uptake until metamorphosis is nearly complete. Immediately after metamorphosis, O2 uptake by the lung is elevated to 80% of total MO2. Carbon dioxide excretion in both aquatic and air breathing tadpoles was also achieved mostly by the skin (60% of total MCO2, R = 0.9). The lungs of air breathing tadpoles excreted less than 2% of total MCO2, rising to a maximum of only 20% (R = 0.2) even in adult bullfrogs. The considerable importance of the skin to CO2 excretion thus rises even further with the degeneration of the gills at metamorphosis, with R for the skin rising from 0.8 before metamorphosis to 7.5 in adults. Thus, large adjustments in skin and lung gas exchange occur as the larval gills slowly degenerate, and lung ventilation is initiated and increased. Aquatic O2 uptake is rapidly superseded by the uptake of O2 from the air, while CO2 excretion largely remains a function of the aquatic respiratory surfaces throughout the life cycle of the bullfrog. PMID- 6803318 TI - [Value of the isotope deconjugation and bile salt malabsorption tests in Crohn disease]. PMID- 6803317 TI - Respiratory mechanics of Pekin ducks under four conditions: pressure breathing, anesthesia, paralysis or breathing CO2-enriched gas. AB - Impedance magnitude (Z) of the lower respiratory system was studied in Pekin ducks, using forced oscillations of a small volume at the airways opening in the range 1.6-16 Hz. The experiments were performed on 5 awake ducks enclosed in a body plethysmograph and spontaneously breathing ambient air at a transrespiratory pressure (Prs, the pressure difference between the lung and the body surface) which was varied in steps from -10 cm H2O (compression) to +10 cm H2O (distension). In 3 anesthetized birds, the effects of CO2 breathing and muscular paralysis were also studied. Analysis of end-expiratory Z data yielded estimates of respiratory resistance (R), inertance (I) and compliance (C). During positive or negative pressure breathing in conscious ducks, minute volume (V) and end tidal CO2 (PETCO2) remained unchanged from normal (Prs = zero) while tidal volume (VT) and ventilatory period (Ttot) decreased. The respiratory system in late expiration can be modelled well with a simple series R-I-C mechanical model at Prs values of zero, +10 and -10 cm H2O. The value of Z increased at all frequencies studied during compression of the respiratory system (Prs = -10 cm H2O) and did not change much from normal (Prs = zero) during distension (Prs = +10 cm H2O). Both resistance and inertance increased during compression. During distension contradictory changes in resistance and inertance suggest that complex changes in flow profile and/or in flow pathways occurred with positive pressure breathing. Anesthesia or paralysis did not noticeably change the oscillatory resistance or inertance, but increased oscillatory compliance. CO2-breathing did not affect the respiratory impedance in late expiration, but reduced its flow dependence along the ventilatory cycle. PMID- 6803319 TI - [Experimental reflex ovulation]. AB - The effect of mating on ovulation and follicular maturation along the ovarian cycles were studied in the rat. The number and size of follicles and the number of ovules in the Fallopian tube were estimated. When the copulation took place between 16 hour of the diestrus and 16 hour of the proestrus phase, a significant increase in the number of large follicles and total follicles was found on the other hand, between 10 hour of the proestrus and 10 hour of the estrus phase, the number of ovules, small follicles and total follicles increased significantly. Thus, the copulation appeared to facilitate the follicular development and ovulation. PMID- 6803320 TI - [Clinical irrelevance of the hematologic side effects of sodium valproate (Depakine)]. PMID- 6803321 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the squirrel monkeys]. AB - Four different strains of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease virus (2 primary and 2 passaged in primates or mice) were inoculated intra-cerebrally into squirrel monkeys implanted with continuously-recording indwelling electrodes. Simultaneous EEC and videotape recordings were made on unrestrained animals. In addition EEG recordings were made of evoked visual potentials on restrained animals. EEG abnormalities appeared in every animal before the first clinical signs (6 to 20 months after inoculation) and included generalized slowing, epileptiform patterns and occasional episodes of pseudo-periodic activity. Abnormal evoked visual potentials and disturbances of consciousness were also noted. All viral strains produced similar disorders and the death of inoculated animals. The relative frequency of epilepsy seen in the CJD-inoculated squirrel monkey contrasts with its irregular occurrence in most other monkey species, and its total absence in the spider monkey. This could be related to the lesser complexity of neo-cortical evolution in the squirrel monkey and a less pronounced development of inhibitory CNS mechanisms under the general control of GABA-ergic neurons. PMID- 6803322 TI - Cost and benefit in control of nosocomial infection: methods for analysis. AB - Because health care costs are rising at an alarming rate, the cost-benefit relationship of infection control measures has to be considered. This assessment involves measuring the real cost of implementing a procedure and determining whether or not an associated reduction has occurred in nosocomial infection and its economic consequences. If the cost is found to outweigh the benefit, the procedure should be eliminated. Conversely, when a procedure proves cost effective, infection control personnel must work to ensure that it is implemented correctly. To do these things, we need improved methods for measuring cost and benefit objectively, for implementing the few procedures that have been shown to reduce nosocomial infection, and for developing effective systems of monitoring compliance with recommended procedures. PMID- 6803323 TI - Mycobacterium simiae and related mycobacteria. AB - Fifty mycobacterial strains were isolated from freshly imported tuberculin negative Macacus rhesus and Cercopithecus ethiops monkeys. Of these strains, 14 were identified as Mycobacterium simiae and 4, as Mycobacterium asiaticum. These two species are slow growing with a delayed photochromogenicity. M. Simiae is niacin-positive. Both species are resistant to the antituberculous chemotherapeutic compounds streptomycin, isoniazid, p-aminosalicylate, and rifampin but are sensitive to cycloserine. The two species are virulent for white mice. Infection is contagious; 25% of noninfected cage mates become infected during 12--60 days of exposure to infected animals. Intrauterine transmission of infection also occurs. Utilizing the gel-precipitation method, we have observed up to 16 antigens in each species. Four to six antigens are shared with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium species strain 52 is antigenically distinct. The 14 strains of M. simiae belong to two serotypes. Mycobacterium habana belongs to M. simiae serotype 1. PMID- 6803324 TI - Intracellular parasites and phagocytic cells: cell biology and pathophysiology. PMID- 6803325 TI - Epidemic meningococcal disease: synthesis of a hypothetical immunoepidemiologic model. AB - A hypothetical model of the epidermic behavior of Neisseria meningitidis, based upon the induction of susceptibility to disseminated disease by circulating IgA, is presented. The model is based on the assumption that epidemic susceptibility is acquired as a result of induction of serum IgA by cross-reacting enteric bacteria, the priming organism. Co-colonization with the appropriate strain of N. meningitidis then may result in disseminated disease. Colonization by either bacterium in the absence of the other results in reinforcement of the commensal relationship. Slow, silent, fecal-oral transmission of the priming organism determines the time/space characteristics of an epidemic; interruption of fecal oral transmission aborts it. Aerosol transmission of the meningococcus determines the magnitude of an epidemic. Independent, age-related acquisition of both capsular polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide antibodies provides immunity in the absence of aberrantly high levels of co-specific serum IgA. PMID- 6803326 TI - Congenital toxoplasmosis associated with transient monoclonal IgGl-lambda gammopathy. AB - A congenital toxoplasmosis infection was diagnosed in a newborn child with severe oculo-central nervous system involvement. Antibodies to toxoplasma became detectable in the mother's serum during pregnancy, and at delivery both mother and child had high titers of IgG toxoplasma antibody. A normal protein profile was found in the serum of the mother, but transient monoclonal gammopathy (IgG1- lambda ) was found in the child. A specific antiidiotype serum raised against this monoclonal immunoglobulin failed to react with the serum of the mother and with other sera positive for toxoplasma antibody. The toxoplasma antibody in the serum of the newborn child was restricted to IgG-lambda, but no evidence was found that the monoclonal fraction was responsible for the antibody activity. PMID- 6803327 TI - Enzyme immunoassays for the detection of infectious antigens in body fluids: current limitations and future prospects. AB - Enzyme immunoassays are attaining increased usage for the direct detection of microbial antigens in body fluids. Advantages of enzyme immunoassays include a high degree of sensitivity resulting from the inherent magnification of the enzyme-substrate reaction and the use of objective end points without the need for radioactivity. Enzyme immunoassays have been developed for the reliable detection of several important microbial antigens in body fluids, including antigens of rotavirus, hepatitis B virus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. However, standard enzyme immunoassay techniques are not sufficiently sensitive for the measurement of some antigens from other viruses, bacteria, and parasites in concentrations that commonly occur in body fluids during the course of infectious diseases. This review examines some of the limitations of currently available enzyme immunoassay technology and discusses approaches to increasing the sensitivity and specificity of enzyme immunoassay systems. Methods for improving these assay systems include the use of monoclonal antibodies, improved methods of enzyme-immunoreactant conjugation, more sensitive substrate systems, improved methods of antigen-antibody access, and the direct measurement of microbial enzymes. The use of such techniques should lead to the development of efficient enzyme immunoassay systems for the direct detection of a wide range of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections. PMID- 6803329 TI - [Pathogenetic models of intestinal infections in infants]. PMID- 6803328 TI - Bacillus cereus panophthalmitis: source of the organism. AB - Serious infections with the "nonpathogenic" Bacillus species are increasingly being recognized, especially in drug abusers. Cases of panophthalmitis secondary to infection with Bacillus cereus, with and without associated bacteremia, have been reported. Three drug abusers with panophthalmitis seen in our hospitals during a three-year period are described, and the similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The syndrome is characterized by an acute onset with a rapid fulminating course that eventually leads to enucleation or evisceration of the eye. The pathogenic mechanism is unknown, but is probably related to the production of toxin (lecithinase) by B. cereus. Clindamycin appears to be the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of this infection. In order to identify a possible source of the organism, 59 samples of heroin and injection paraphernalia were cultured. Twenty cultures yielded organisms; Bacillus species were the predominant isolates. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates were identified as B. cereus. Thus, infections caused by Bacillus species in drug abusers can probably be associated with intravenous heroin abuse because heroin mixtures and injection paraphernalia are frequently contaminated with this organism. PMID- 6803330 TI - [Study of adaptability to exertion in a sample of healthy and sick school children]. PMID- 6803331 TI - [An unusual form of nephrocalcinosis]. PMID- 6803332 TI - [Digestive intolerance of proteins in cow's milk]. PMID- 6803333 TI - [Vesical myiasis in children]. PMID- 6803334 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities in apparently primary cholestatic jaundice in young infants]. PMID- 6803335 TI - [A case of acute encephalopathy with fatty degeneration of the viscera]. PMID- 6803336 TI - [2 cases of myocardial infarct in infants]. PMID- 6803337 TI - [Chromosome 16 syndromes]. PMID- 6803338 TI - [New, partially or totally lactose-free, industrial dietetic preparations in nutritional therapy of infants with diarrheal diseases]. PMID- 6803339 TI - [Study of a therapeutic concentrate of factor VIII/vWf prepared in a closed system]. AB - An original procedure of preparation in a closed system of high purity Factor VIII concentrate is presented. Starting from cryoprecipitates, this method involves a first step of partial removal of fibrinogen by glycine precipitation (1.6 M) and a second step of Factor VIII concentration by cryoprecipitation. The yield is 16.5% of plasmatic F VIII:C (0.8 mu/ml.). Several batches of concentrates thus prepared are compared "in vitro" to 9 other commercially available concentrates from 8 different manufactories. The results show that most of the characteristics of our concentrate are within the range of specifications of other commercially available high-purity F VIII concentrate: F VIII: C activity (CRTS Lille concentrate: 25-40 U/ml.; other concentrates: 25-50 U/ml) solubility, specific activity (CRTS lille concentrate; 1.0-1.82 U F VIII:C/mg protein and 1.79-4.8 U F VIII: C/mg clottable proteins; other concentrates: 0.53 2.79 U F VIII:C/mg protein an 1.39-4.84 U F VIII:C/mg clottable proteins), isoagglutinin titers (CRTS Lille concentrate: 2-8 anti-A, 0.16 anti-B; other concentrates: 0-64 anti-A, 8-16 anti-B) F VIIIC/F VIII R: Ag ratios (CRTS Lille concentrate: 0.18-0.49; other concentrates: 0.20-0.42). Furthermore F VIII R:Ag electrophoretic mobility studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis add F VIII R: RCo assays provide evidence that very high molecular weight multimeric forms of F VIII/vWf which support vWf activity are present in our concentrate. "In vivo" study and clinical efficacy in vWd patients confirm these results and show that our concentrate is appropriate for the treatment of patients with F VIII:C or V VIII R:RCo deficiency. PMID- 6803340 TI - [Experience and complications in the management of parenteral nutrition]. AB - We inform the experience of the Parenteral Alimentation Service of the Hospital de Especialidades of the Instituto Mexicano del Serguro Social in Puebla, Mexico, between February lst., 1980 and Marc, 31, 1981 is summarized. There were 124 patients in whom parenteral nutrition treatments were performed, 73 were males and 53 females. The majority was in the decade of the sixties. A catheter was placed in a central vein through a cut dawn of the cefalic vein in the shoulder in 104 and the rest had an internal jugular or subclavian veins punctured. The most frequent indication for parenteral nutrition was the presence of an external intestinal fistula. The most frequent complication was hyperglycemia (15.3%) and catheter sepsis (6%). Mortality was 33.3%, but of this only in one (0.75%) was the death caused directly by the procedure of parenteral Nutrition. The authors insist that the procedure is very usefull and with an acceptable risk if it is done with strict rules and protocols. PMID- 6803341 TI - [Subclavian catheterization for parenteral nutrition. Experience with 500 consecutive catheter placements]. PMID- 6803342 TI - [Present state of artificial nutrition in Mexico]. PMID- 6803343 TI - [Artificial nutrition. When? How? What?]. AB - The association of excessive morbidity and mortality with malnourished states has been well documented. Nutritional assessment should now be an integral part of the evaluation of all hospitalized patients, particularly those scheduled for surgical procedures. Determination of the method of feeding the patient depends on the patient's nutritional status, the level of gastrointestinal function and the type and magnitude of treatment which he will undergo. The enteric route is always preferred when it can be used. If oral and enteral feeding are not possible, either peripheral or central nutrition should be employed. To central route is necessary protocol strictly adhered to be Knowledgeable persons. Artificial Nutrition should be instituted before significant protein deficits develop. It is far easier to maintain a patient's nutritional status than it is to repair nutritional deficits. PMID- 6803344 TI - [Indications and nutritional response to parenteral feeding in surgical patients with cancer]. PMID- 6803345 TI - Characteristics and origin of the human olfactory organ. AB - The peculiar and characteristic structure of the human ethmoid is probably the result of 1) encephalisation and 2) insufficient adaptation to rapid evolution. In simiae only one ethmoturbinate is found, in man four or five. Due to posterior displacement of the lamina lateralis the turbinates compress each other, with overlapping, fusion, deformation and displacement, in highly constricted interorbital spaces. PMID- 6803346 TI - [Who should gain weight and how?]. PMID- 6803347 TI - Blood serotonin in untreated petit-mal epileptics and influence of efficient treatment with either ethosuximide or valproate. PMID- 6803348 TI - [Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament]. PMID- 6803349 TI - [A new case of the association of ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis and ossification of the common posterior vertebral ligament]. PMID- 6803350 TI - In vivo oxygen dissociation curve for whole fetal blood: fitting the Adair equation and blood gas nomogram. AB - Oxygen tension, oxygen saturation of haemoglobin, plasma pH and carbon dioxide tension were analysed from 436 blood samples of the umbilical arteries and umbilical vein and 33 blood samples obtained by puncture of the arteria radialis of newborn younger than one day. A computer was used to fit the data to the Adair equation, and to calculate the pH-and Pco2-shift of the oxygen dissociation curve. The results were translated into a Po2-So2-pH-Pco2-nomogram. PMID- 6803351 TI - Effect of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on disaccharide splitting enzymes in human dental plaque. AB - Inhibition of microbial enzymes in human dental plaque catalyzing the cleavage of the disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose was carried out with the alpha glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. The maltases from plaque homogenates were totally inhibited, whereas the inhibition of the invertases varied considerably. With increasing inhibitor concentrations, from 1 mM to 50 mM, the inhibition of the invertases increased. Preincubation for 30 min of the plaque homogenate with inhibitor resulted in a 20% increase of the inhibition of invertase activity. The inhibitor showed non-competitive inhibition of the invertases in the homogenates, whereas the maltases were competitively inhibited. The lactases were not inhibited at all. The invertases from human dental plaque may be alpha glucosidases and/or beta-fructosidases. PMID- 6803352 TI - Gaucher's disease with monoclonal gammopathy. Significance of splenic plasmacytosis. PMID- 6803353 TI - Administration of gentamicin and ampicillin by continuous intravenous infusion to newborn infants during parenteral nutrition. AB - Gentamicin and ampicillin were dissolved in an L-amino acid solution especially prepared for newborn infants and infused intravenously over 24 h in 7 babies with serious neonatal surgical problems. Serum concentrations of the antibiotics were maintained rather constant and well above the minimal inhibitory concentration for most bacterial strains. One very sick newborn infant died with overwhelming Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia. No signs of renal toxicity or ototoxicity were found. The serum amino acids remained within the normal range, except in 1 child with cytomegalovirus infection and liver insufficiency. PMID- 6803354 TI - Thyroid function after thermal trauma. AB - The thyroid function was analyzed for 4-6 weeks in a prospective study of 12 thermally injured patients. The burn size range was 15-90%. Serum concentrations of 3,5,3'-triidothyronine (T3) was suppressed and 3,3',5'-triidothyronine (rT3) was increased. The ratio T3/rT3 was subnormal on the third day after the trauma and normalized after 3 weeks. Thyroxine and the free T4-index were within the normal range. The free T3-index were within the normal range. The TSH concentration was initially low but slowly increasing during the period of study. The concentration of the thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) varied within the normal range. The T3 resin uptake test varied inversely with the TBG concentration. The concentration of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (TBPA) was subnormal. A control experiment excluded possible interference on the hormone concentrations of administered donor blood and plasma. It is concluded that the thyroid hormones are not responsible for the posttraumatic hypermetabolism in burn injury. The present findings further indicate a depletion of metabolically active thyroid hormones at the cellular level after burn injury. PMID- 6803355 TI - [Long-term oxygen therapy in ambulatory patients with chronic respiratory diseases]. AB - While in Switzerland long-term home oxygen therapy has had little appeal in the management of patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, hypoxemia, cor pulmonale and secondary polycythemia, it has been part of the therapy program in the USA and Great Britain for the last twenty years. Results from two controlled studies in those countries, showing a reduction of mortality in selected patients under long-term oxygen therapy, and the guidelines recently published by the Swiss Society of Pulmonology, justify an appraisal of our own situation. The pathophysiological basics are presented and the requirements and indications for long-term home oxygen therapy are outlined. The two controlled studies are summarized and commented on, and finally the practical application of this therapy in the Canton of Zurich is critically reviewed. Unsolved questions still exist with regard to the indication for its use, the unknown late complications, the considerable costs, and the inconvenient treatment period of 15 hours a day over a period of months, as well as the principal question, that of whether such therapy merely prolongs chronic suffering. These factors oblige us to maintain our reserved attitude about the use of this therapy and to employ it only after all the advantages and drawbacks have been carefully considered. PMID- 6803356 TI - [Petit mal epilepsy in adulthood]. AB - Case-histories and EEG-findings have been analyzed in 42 patients of whom 34 were still suffering from petit-mal seizures after the age of 25 years, while the remaining 8 showed subclinical 3 c/sec spike-waves in the interval between grand mal attacks. Out of these 42 patients, 20 had "primary generalized" i.e. "idiopathic" epilepsy, 19 of the 20 having had it since childhood or adolescence. Only in one case (5%) did there seem to be a later onset. In 3 of the remaining 22 patients (14%) suffering from "secondary generalized" i.e. "symptomatic" epilepsy, the age of onset was between 20 and 22 years. 24% of all patients exhibited petit-mal states in the course of their illness. In the female population petit-mal states were found in 33% and in the male population only in 11%. In none of 8 patients who suffered from grand-mal seizures alone and had subclinical 3 c/sec spike-waves did there appear to be any petit-mal seizures during an average observation time of 3 years. PMID- 6803357 TI - [Definition of apnea in the diagnosis of brain death]. AB - Apnea is an essential criterion for the diagnosis of brain death and is often difficult to determine in artificially ventilated patients. Absolute apnea is the absence of respiration when the respiratory center is maximally stimulated by hypercapnia. In a study of 13 cases we show that measuring PaCO2, which must be equal or superior to 50 mm Hg, is mandatory in confirming the stimulation of the respiratory center. The duration of apnea necessary to reach this level is highly variable. It does not induce hypoxemia when the technique of apneic oxygenation is used. PMID- 6803358 TI - [Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycosides: effect of free calcium and magnesium]. AB - The influence of calcium and magnesium in free form on the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to aminoglycoside antibiotics was evaluated on 42 clinical isolates. When compared to the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) measured in Mueller-Hinton broth - a medium almost devoid of Ca and Mg - the MIC obtained in the same medium, supplemented with calcium and magnesium to achieve physiological concentrations of the free divalent ions (50 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml respectively), increased by a mean factor of 8 for gentamicin. Consequently, the percentage of gentamicin resistant strains increased from 2 to 78% when tested in the supplemented medium containing physiological concentrations of free calcium and magnesium. Similar increases in MIC were observed for tobramycin and amikacin. These results cast doubt on the clinical relevance of antibiotic disc sensitivities performed on Mueller-Hinton agar by the Kirby-Bauer technique. Moreover, they could explain some of the therapeutic failures observed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains falsely reported as sensitive to aminoglycosidic antibiotics. PMID- 6803360 TI - Calcium ionophore polarizes ooplasmic segregation in ascidian eggs. AB - Calcium ionophore A23187 promotes ooplasmic segregation and orange crescent formation in eggs of the ascidian Boltenia villosa. When eggs were exposed to a gradient A23187 the orange crescent was induced to form in the region corresponding to the highest concentration of ionophore. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that a local increase in intracellular calcium polarizes cytoplasmic localization in the ascidian embryo. PMID- 6803359 TI - Cholinergic innervation in neuritic plaques. AB - Although several studies of Alzheimer's disease suggest that the frequency of neuritic plaques in the cerebral cortex is correlated with the severity of dementia and with reduction in presynaptic cholinergic markers in the cortex, the relationship between cholinergic cortical innervation and the pathogenesis of plaques is unknown. The hypothesis was tested that the neurites in the plaque consist, in part, of presynaptic cholinergic axons, many of which arise from neurons in the basal forebrain. This hypothesis was tested by analyzing the character and distribution of plaques in monkeys, aged 4 to 31 years, with staining for acetylcholin-esterase and also with Congo red and silver stains. Immature and mature plaques were rich in acetylcholinesterase. As the plaques matured, the amount of amyloid increased, and the number of neurites and the activity of acetylcholinesterase decreased. End-stage amyloid-rich plaques lacked acetylcholinesterase. These observations indicate that changes in cortical cholinergic innervation are an important feature in the pathogenesis and evolution of the neuritic plaque. PMID- 6803361 TI - Second malignancies associated with chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6803362 TI - Recent work concerning anemia in the tropics. PMID- 6803364 TI - [Drug therapy in long term care]. PMID- 6803363 TI - Case report 180: ossified scars in soft tissues. PMID- 6803365 TI - [Motor activity in a long term care facility]. PMID- 6803366 TI - Cost effectiveness in an internal medicine residency program: one physician's approach. AB - The impact of a cost-effectiveness program on an internal medicine service in a teaching hospital has been assessed. Notable reductions were made by the study service as compared to the control services. Period of hospitalization, number and cost of laboratory tests, charges for medication, number and cost of radiologic examinations, and overall costs of hospitalization were importantly reduced. Methods used to effect this reduction included distribution of a cost booklet, daily patient chart review, use of itemized patient bills, elimination of routine admission tests and standing orders, and use of a "why' philosophy instead of a "why not' philosophy. PMID- 6803367 TI - Bacillus cereus endocarditis involving a prosthetic valve. AB - A rare case of "late onset' endocarditis due to Bacillus cereus occurred in a 55 year-old man who had a Carpentier-Edwards heterograft valve. Combination therapy with gentamicin and clindamycin was administered as suggested by testing of minimal bactericidal concentrations for these antibiotics. Valve replacement was necessary because of a paravalvular leak. There was no recurrence after six weeks of therapy. PMID- 6803369 TI - The response of spinal cord blood flow to high-dose barbiturates. AB - The response of spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) to high-dose barbiturate therapy is documented. In nine mongrel dogs with an arterial pCO2 (PaCO2) of 40 mm Hg, sodium thiopental was administered to produce 30, 60, 120, and 240 seconds of electroencephalographic (EEG) burst suppression. At 30-second intervals of EEG suppression, cervical and thoracic cord segments demonstrated a decrease in SCBF of 47% and 39%, respectively, from control values. Isoelectric EEG intervals longer than 30 seconds were not associated with any further significant decrease in SCBF. In 13 other dogs and in the absence of barbiturates, hypocapnia to 20 mm Hg from PaCO2 of 60 mm Hg produced reductions in SCBF of 89% for the cervical and 82% for the thoracic segments. In the presence of thiopental-induced 30- to 60 second intervals of EEG silence, the decrement in SCBF in response to the same degree of hypocapnia was 83% and 75%, respectively, although the absolute value of this reduction was half that without barbiturates. These findings of a significant reduction in SCBF in response to high-dose barbiturate therapy are suggestive of a protective effect of barbiturates upon spinal cord injury as occurs in the brain. Further studies of the influence of barbiturates upon spinal cord compressive syndromes are indicated. PMID- 6803368 TI - The influence of halothane and nitroprusside on canine spinal cord hemodynamics. AB - Regional spinal cord blood flow was measured in 12 halothane-anesthetized mongrel dogs by means of 15 +/- 3 u radiolabeled microspheres under (1) control conditions, (2) 60-torr mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) using sodium nitroprusside (NPS), (3) 50-torr MAP using NPS, and (4) after reestablishment of normotension. With the onset of either level of hypotension, there were nonsignificant decreases from control conditions in cardiac output and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). A rise in heart rate was seen at 50 torr MAP. There were no significant changes in spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) under either hypotensive condition in any region of the cord, indicating an intact autoregulatory response. Sensitivity of SCBF to changes in the PaCO2 was shown to be 1.02 ml/min/100 g tissue per torr PaCO2. These data showed that (1) deliberate hypotension with NPS did not change SCBF in the dog; (2) sensitivity to PaCO2 was high under halothane anesthesia; and (3) SCBF was relatively homogeneous throughout the length of the cord. PMID- 6803370 TI - Nutritional support of the surgical patient. AB - Malnutrition, unfortunately, is not uncommon and malnourished patients suffer increased morbidity and mortality from surgery. Identification of protein-calorie deficient patients can be performed rapidly and inexpensively through standard techniques of nutritional assessment. If the gastrointestinal tract is available, safe and economic nutritional support may be provided by mouth or by tube feeding. If the gastrointestinal tract cannot be utilized, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) may be instituted via a central vein, or in selected instances peripheral amino acids, fat emulsions, or both may suffice. When failure of various organs (heart, kidneys, liver) complicates malnutrition and the underlying surgical condition, adequate nutritional support can and should be provided by adjustment of the amount and content of commercially available nutritional formulations. Optimal surgical care demands the identification and appropriate nutritional support of malnourished patients. PMID- 6803371 TI - Functional and histopathologic changes in the liver during sepsis. AB - Although liver failure from sepsis is a frequent occurrence in serious ill, hospitalized patients, little information is available on the histologic changes of the liver. We examined the histopathology of the liver of 19 patients who died of clinical sepsis and attempted to relate certain features of the illness or treatment to the observed histopathologic changes. The most striking finding was midzonal and peripheral necrosis of a moderate to marked degree in 11 of 19 patients. Other important changes were acute inflammation and cholestasis. The severity of hepatocellular necrosis did not appear to be influenced by the premortem circulating pathogen, by the nutritional support administered or by the arterial blood pressure. It is suggested that hepatocellular necrosis is characteristic of sepsis and may be caused by loss of specific factors which normally maintain liver function and structure. PMID- 6803373 TI - The protective effect of mannitol and perfluorochemicals on hemorrhagic infarction: an experimental study. PMID- 6803372 TI - The role of complement in phototoxic reactions. PMID- 6803375 TI - Diencephalic syndrome of emaciation (Russell's syndrome). AB - Diencephalic syndrome of emaciation (Russell's syndrome) characteristically presents with the symptoms of marked emaciation in spite of normal linear growth and marked increased of serum growth hormone in infancy and early childhood. It is usually caused by a low-grade glioma, most often an astrocytoma, of the anterior third ventricle including the optic nerve and chiasm. Usually it is not associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. We describe two unusual cases of diencephalic syndrome; one case was caused by a low-grade astrocytoma involving the anterior third ventricle associated with neurofibromatosis, and the other by a malignant astrocytoma of the anterior third ventricle. PMID- 6803374 TI - Rupture of bacterial intracranial aneurysms following replacement of cardiac valves. PMID- 6803376 TI - Carbon dioxide laser surgery of basal meningiomas. AB - This preliminary report summarizes our results with laser surgery in patients with basal meningiomas (8 basilar and 1 intraventricular extending also into the third ventricle). Illustrative preoperative and postoperative CT scans are included. The advantages and limitations of this surgical technique are discussed briefly. PMID- 6803378 TI - [Oxygen transport system and tissue oxygenation at early stages of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6803377 TI - The role of topical antibiotics in "high-risk" biliary surgery. AB - Controlled studies have demonstrated that systemic prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduce the sepsis rate after biliary tract surgery. Other studies have documented the efficacy of topical antibiotic irrigation in decreasing the incidence of wound infection after a wide variety of procedures. Whether systemic antibiotics or the combination of systemic and topical antibiotics provide any advantage over topical antibiotics alone, however, has not been determined. Therefore, a prospective, randomized study was carried out comparing topical intra-abdominal and wound antibiotic irrigation (neomycin and polymyxin) with topical antibiotic irrigation plus parenteral antibiotics (gentamicin and penicillin) in 54 patients undergoing "high-risk" biliary surgery. All patients underwent either an elective common bile duct exploration or a biliary-enteric anastomosis for obstructive jaundice. Twenty-five patients were randomized to the group receiving only topical antibiotics, and 29 received topical plus systemic antibiotics. The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, presence of common duct stones, incidence of jaundice, positive bile cultures at surgery, and type of surgery performed. There were three wound infections in each group, and no patient developed an intra-abdominal abscess. Other infectious complications occurred with similar frequency in the two study groups. This study suggests that topical antibiotics provide effective prophylaxis in biliary tract surgery and that broad-spectrum systemic antibiotic therapy is of no additional benefit. Topical antibiotics provide an alternative means of prophylaxis for patients discovered intraoperatively to be at "high risk" for infection. PMID- 6803379 TI - [Lithium carbonate in the treatment of diffuse toxic goiter]. PMID- 6803380 TI - [Clinical course of the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis caused by associations of Salmonella with other opportunistic bacteria]. PMID- 6803381 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities of nitroglycerine ointment formulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803382 TI - Inhibition of thrombin-induced secretion from platelets by chlortetracycline and its analogs. AB - Chlortetracycline (CTC) (1.0 mM) blocks platelet secretion after a few seconds preincubation. The amount needed for inhibition can be reduced relative to time of preincubation. 50 micro M CTC. Two tetracycline analogs, anhydrotetracycline and demeclocycline (DMC), have different solubility properties in nonionic medium, but inhibit secretion at the same concentration, with little effect on the metabolic ATP level. The results suggest that CTC and its analogs do not inhibit platelet function by acting as metabolic inhibitors. While CTC causes increased leakage of cytoplasmic content at the concentrations where secretion is blocked more than 90%, DMC doses not cause leakage even at much higher concentration, so that there seems to be no connection between the induction of leakage (i.e. the membrane-active properties) and the inhibitory effect of the drugs. PMID- 6803383 TI - Successive factor VIII doses for a haemophiliac undergoing major surgery calculated on a micro-computer. AB - Doses of factor VIII to be infused into a haemophiliac undergoing major surgery were calculated on a micro-computer. The degree to which the particular patient responded to infused factor VIII and the rate at which it decayed were estimated by two pre-operative experiments. Plasma levels of factor VIII were predicted over fourteen days during which time the patient was infused with 53,000 iu. A continuous plot of predicted values with time was displayed on a video monitor. The predicted values showed good agreement with assay results. PMID- 6803384 TI - A comparison of the Bethesda and New Oxford methods of factor VIII antibody assay. AB - A collaborative trial has been carried out under the auspices of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemostasis to compare the Bethesda and New Oxford methods of antibody assay. It was found that errors between laboratories were much greater than those with laboratories and each laboratory had a bias whereby it always rated samples high or low with respect to the other laboratories. However there was excellent agreement in the order in which laboratories ranked antibody samples and if a standard antibody sample could be provided there would be a significant improvement in numerical agreement between laboratories. On average, for this exercise, a result for a given sample in Bethesda units was 1.21 times the result in New Oxford units although it must be stressed that this ratio could vary from sample to sample. PMID- 6803386 TI - The acceleration by polylysine of the activation of factor X by factor IXa. AB - The present study reports that polylysine can function as a cofactor in the conversion of factor X to factor Xa by factor IXa. In the presence of polylysine, factor X is converted to factor Xa by factor IXa as demonstrated by both clotting and amidolytic assays. The activation of factor X by factor IXa requires the prior activation of factor IX to IXa by factor XIa. Conversion of factor X to factor Xa by factor IXa is not observed in the absence of polylysine. The activation reaction proceeds optimally at pH 8.0 with an equal weight ratio of polylysine to factor X. The effect of polylysine is readily reversed by low concentrations of NaCl or elevated temperature suggesting that electrostatic interactions are of primary importance in the polylysine facilitation of the activation of factor X by factor IXa. PMID- 6803385 TI - Arachidonic acid induces human platelet-fibrin retraction: the role of platelet cyclic endoperoxides. AB - Arachidonic acid (0.2-0.8 mM) retracts clots formed in human citrated platelet rich plasma by batroxobin. Extracellular calcium ions, but not the secretion of ADP by platelets, are required. AA-induced clot-retraction requires cyclo oxygenase but not thromboxane synthetase activity since the retraction is inhibited by aspirin but not by selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis. The data indicate that endogenous cyclic endoperoxides mediate the retraction. Moreover, intact endoperoxide/thromboxane receptors also seem to be necessary because clot retraction is inhibited by thromboxane receptor antagonists. PMID- 6803387 TI - The role of platelet hyperfunction in thrombus formation in hyperlipidemia. AB - The mechanism of thrombus formation in hyperlipidemia was studied. Attempts at artificial creation of an arterial thrombus in control rabbits stenosing the femoral artery by ligature were not successful unless ellagic acid was administered by injection. However, in rabbits with hyperlipidemia, mere creation of stenosis in the femoral artery resulted in a high percentage of thrombus formation. In rabbits with hyperlipidemia, both thromboxane (Tx) A2 biosynthesis in platelets and prostacyclin (PGI2) biosynthesis in the aorta were increased and these changes were noted at the level of cyclooxygenase in the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway. Therefore, these results suggest that thrombi are likely to be formed in hyperlipidemia and that such thrombus formation is due largely to platelet hyperfunction. PMID- 6803388 TI - Biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF-ACETHER). II. Involvement of phospholipase A2 in the formation of PAF-ACETHER and lyso-PAF-ACETHER from rabbit platelets. AB - The role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the formation of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) by rabbit platelets is supported by several pieces of evidence. First, the release of PAF-acether was accompanied by that of its deacetylated analog, lyso-PAF-acether. Second, EDTA, EGTA, db-AMPc, p' bromophenacylbromide and 874 CB, which, in spite of their structural diversity, are all PLA2 blockers, inhibited the release of both PAF-acether and of the lyso compound. Third, addition of hog pancreas PLA2 to platelets as well as platelet lysis resulted in the release of lyso-PAF-acether, thus mimicking the metabolic events initiating formation of PAF-acether. These results indicate that PLA2 activation triggers both the second and the third pathway of platelet activation. PMID- 6803389 TI - Carriers and noncarriers of haemophilia A: I. Multivariate analysis of pedigree data, screening blood coagulation tests and factor VIII variables. AB - From a material of 18 obligate carriers of haemophilia A and 40 healthy females, a discriminant function was created, based on ratio of factor VIII related antigen (electroimmunoassay = EIA) to factor VIII activity (one-stage assay), factor VIII related antigen (radioimmunoassay = RIA) and number of bleeding symptoms. The standard deviation of p-values for carrier- and non-carrier state (less than 0.05) was estimated by a procedure built on the 'jack-knife' method. By combined information of pedigree- and discriminant analysis data, 43 possible carriers were classified as carriers/noncarriers with about 95% confidence. Carriers were significantly older, had more bleeding symptoms, longer APTT, lower factor VIII activity, factor VIII procoagulant antigen, and higher ratio of factor VIII related antigen (EIA) to factor VIII activity (one-stage) and to factor VIII related antigen (RIA) respectively, than classified noncarriers. Individuals with blood group A, B, AB had significantly higher levels of factor VIII related antigen (EIA) and (RIA), and ristocetin cofactor, compared with blood group O. Obligate carriers with severe haemophilia A in their families had more bleeding symptoms than corresponding group with moderate haemophilia. PMID- 6803390 TI - Immunologic studies of factor VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C). 2. Factor VIII in selected vertebrates. AB - Cross reactive antigens to factor VIII have been measured in a range of vertebrate phyla. VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) measured using a human antibody was in general, much lower than reported values of VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C) except in simians and the guinea pig. The dose response curve for the assay was parallel in all cases. Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) measured using rabbit antibody to human VIIIR:Ag was low or absent in most species except simians and the dose response curve was non-parallel to the human standard except with goat plasma. Avians lacked cross-reactive material. PMID- 6803391 TI - [Nitroglycerin ointment, a current therapeutic alternative?]. PMID- 6803392 TI - [Conservative treatment of esophageal perforations]. PMID- 6803393 TI - Lymphoblasts and diagnosis of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. AB - Pyruvate carboxylase activity was measured in phytohemagglutinin-transformed lymphocytes (i.e. lymphoblasts). Mean value +/- S.D. for 10 controls was 259 +/- 38 pmoles/min per mg protein. It was about 7 times higher than that of peripheral leukocytes and a half of cultured skin fibroblasts with similar techniques. Deficient pyruvate carboxylase activity less than 6 pmoles/min per mg protein was demonstrated in the lymphoblasts from a patient with biotin-dependent multiple carboxylase deficiency. It is suggested that lymphoblasts may allow more reliable and ready diagnosis of patients with pyruvate carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 6803394 TI - Characteristics of urinary glycosaminoglycans excreted by a patient with the Hurler-Scheie compound syndrome. AB - Glycosaminoglycan isolated from urine of a patient with the Hurler-Scheie compound syndrome consisted of dermatan sulfate (60%), heparan sulfate (34%) and chondroitin sulfate (6%). About 60% of both dermatan and chondroitin sulfates had molecular weight 8,000-10,000, while 95% of the heparan sulfate had molecular weight less than 6,000. The total sulfate content of the glycosaminoglycans increased with decrease in molecular weight. N-sulfate content in the heparan sulfate, however, had no relation to molecular weight, and was 0.33 mole per mole of glucosamine on the average. About 70% of the heparan sulfate with the lowest molecular weight (1,500) were composed of three repeating disaccharide units of heparan sulfate and two acetyl, one N-sulfate and three O-sulfate groups linked to the units. The dermatan sulfate contained 1.0-1.2 moles of sulfate per mole of galactosamine. Of the excess sulfate 45-65% were bound to iduronate residues and the rest to C-6 of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfate residues. Most of the dermatan sulfate (83.2-100%) had nonsulfated iduronic acid at the non-reducing end. This finding is consistent with the defect of iduronidase in this disease. PMID- 6803395 TI - Effect of isoproterenol on regional pulmonary perfusion in the reimplanted lung of the dog. PMID- 6803396 TI - Experimental infection of immunocompromised mice with Achromobacter xylosoxidans. AB - The natural resistance of mice to Achromobacter (A.) xylosoxidans was decreased to 1/80 by a single dose of 250 mg of cylophosphamide (CY) per kg intraperitoneally. When mice were infected with 1 X 10(9) A. xylosoxidans, the numbers of organisms in the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs and heart blood reached to more than 10(6) per g at 6 hr after infection, and then decreased to less than 10(4) at 96 hr after infection. However, in the CY-treated mice, the numbers of organisms in these organs began to increase rapidly at 6 hr after infection and exceeded 10(9) per g at 48 hr when the mice died. Seventeen of 18 immunocompromised mice and 23 of 24 normal mice which were infected with 1 to 2 X 10(9) organisms of A. xylosoxidans, respectively, were still living until 4 weeks after infection when they were killed and examined. Thirteen of the 33 surviving mice which were examined for bacteriological assay were chronically infected with A. xylosoxidans, some in the spleen, others in the kidney, lung, brain and/or heart blood but none were infected in the liver. Most of the infected and surviving mice had produced an antibody against A. xylosoxidans and its titer was higher in the bacteriologically "cured" group than in the chronically infected one. All surviving mice were resistant to the 2nd challenge with a lethal dose of A. xylosoxidans even when they received an effective dose of CY. The surviving mice showed activated cellular immunity and rather depressed humoral immunity as compared with normal mice or the mice which were infected with killed A. xylosoxidans. PMID- 6803397 TI - A family study of an extremely rare Rh-Hr variant (-D-/-D-) in two generations. AB - A rare variant (-D-/-D-) in two generations due to consanguineous marriage was reported. The propositus (T.M., 27 years of age) delivered her second baby who suffered from severe jaundice. She had agglutinin of titer 1:64 in saline and 1:1,024 in Coomb's test against red cells of her husband (CDe/cDE). Family study revealed that T.M.'s father and his two siblings were grouped as -D-/-D-. Each of the siblings (both females, 53 and 46 years of age) had three children who were delivered normally without hemolytic disease. No agglutinin concerning the Rh-Hr system was detected in the sera of the siblings. PMID- 6803398 TI - Etiological factors inducing ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. PMID- 6803399 TI - [Effects of the contamination by polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) on the growth of the Ehrlich tumor in mice (author's transl)]. AB - The effects of a 3-month experimental contamination with a commercial mixture of PCBs, DP5 (corresponding to Aroclor 1254) have been studied on groups of 25 SWISS female mice, at levels of 0, 10, 50 and 250 ppm added at feeding. After subcutaneous injection of 0,2 ml of Ehrlich's tumoral ascites liquid, the evolution of tumors as well as the mortality level, were different in the treated groups as compared to the control group. The percentages of mortality due to tumors were the following: control (0 ppm) = 50% 10 ppm = 5% 50 ppm = 5% 250 ppm = 35% Thus, contamination by PCBs seems to have protected these mice against the Ehrlich tumor. No decrease in body weight was noted neither were differences in size or appearance of the thymus and the spleen in the treated mice; an evident liver hypertrophy was noted in all PCB treated mice. PMID- 6803400 TI - CCl4-induced lipid peroxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes with different oxygen concentrations. PMID- 6803401 TI - A method for repeated evaluation of pulmonary performance in unanesthetized, unrestrained guinea pigs and its application to detect effects of sulfuric acid mist inhalation. PMID- 6803402 TI - The effect of various decalcifying agents on cartilage proteoglycans. AB - Mineralized and unmineralized cartilages were treated with various decalcifying solutions to investigate proteoglycan loss after decalcification. Five percent formic acid decalcifies quickly and causes only minimal loss of uronic acid from calcified cartilage which cannot be appreciated by histochemical means. On the basis of our findings formic acid should be considered an excellent decalcifying agent for proteoglycan histochemistry in paraffin embedded cartilage. PMID- 6803403 TI - [Influence of surgery method and post-operative irradiation dose in case of mastocarcinomas (author's transl)]. AB - The authors present the therapy results and side effects of 422 patients who had been submitted to a radical or partially radical operation or to ablatio mammae. The post-operative irradiation was effected under high voltage conditions with doses between 40 and 50 Gy corresponding to the stage. The survival times were not influenced either by the surgery method or by the post-operative irradiation dose. As compared to radical surgery, however, edemas of the arm were significantly less frequent and serious after a less radical operation. No significant increase of recurrences was observed after partially radical operations. PMID- 6803404 TI - [Nutromat-Pfrimmer, a new transporting system for the enteral nutrition therapy of tumor patients before, during and after radiotherapy (author's transl)]. AB - Tumor patients generally suffer from malnutrition which is still aggrevated by radiotherapy and its side effects. Therefore the accompanying alimentary guidance and treatment are very important factor. A plan comprising several degrees from dietary guidance, forced oral and enteral nutrition to intravenous hyperalimentation has proved to be practicable. For the ambulatory radiotherapy of our ORL-patients, we have recently been applying a Nutromat-Pfimmer, a promoter system operating according to the Bakery pump system and serving for continuous or discontinuous enteral nutrition therapy with formula or elementary diets. The authors describe principle and function of the device and present their first experiences. By using early and consequently this device for our irradiated patients, we hope to prevent or heal malnutrition, ameliorate the tolerance of tumor therapy, reduce the incidence of complications, re-establish the immunocompetence, and improve the life quality of the patients. PMID- 6803405 TI - [Grading the severity of ankle injuries]. PMID- 6803406 TI - [Carbon dioxide gas poisoning]. PMID- 6803407 TI - The role of carboxylic acids in EDTA-dependent panagglutination. AB - The investigation of a patient blood sample showing a discrepancy between cell grouping and serum confirmation demonstrated a serum agglutinin which reacted with all red blood cells tested when exposed to EDTA. This reaction was 4+ macroscopic at room temperature, 2+ macroscopic with hemolysis at 37 degrees C in albumin, and 1+ macroscopic in the anti-human globulin phase. Agglutination was abolished following dithiothreitol treatment of the patient's serum or following saline washing of the EDTA-exposed test cells. The agglutination reaction was not limited to EDTA, but could be produced with polycarboxylic acids (citrate, L tartrate, succinate) and monocarboxylic acids (acetate, lactate, propionate, valerate, butyrate). Non-carboxylic acids and low molecular weight ketones or alcohols failed in the agglutination reaction. This study reports an additional example of an IgM "EDTA dependent agglutinin" and demonstrates the dependence on carboxyl groups for its agglutinating activity. PMID- 6803408 TI - A serum factor which inhibits serologic reactions with enzyme-treated red blood cells. AB - Two patients' sera inhibited agglutination of enzyme-treated red blood cells by antibodies. This blocking effect was detected by using a mixture of antibodies as an enzyme test reagent for the routine control of a two-stage papain test. The blocking factor appeared to be IgG and its effect was complement dependent. It blocked reactions with red blood cells treated with papain, bromelin, or ficin. Reactions with both IgM and IgG antibodies of various specificities were blocked. The presence of the blocking factor in a patient's serum may result in failure to detect clinically significant antibodies unless a control system is used which will confirm that the cells in each test can be agglutinated by enzyme reacting antibodies. PMID- 6803409 TI - A mimicking red blood cell autoantibody accompanying transfusion and alloimmunization. AB - A patient with sickle cell disease who concomitantly developed red cell autoimmunity and alloimmunization is reported. The implied but 'wrong' specificity of the autoantibody mimicked one of the alloantibodies in the patient's serum. Although the patient's red blood cells phenotyped at Ro4, anti rh" was eluted from them on several occasions. Absorption and secondary elution from selected cells proved the cell bound antibody had a unique and independent specificity from the anti-rh" in his serum. Standard antibody identification procedures did not distinguish these differences. PMID- 6803410 TI - The role of compatibility tests. (Report of a meeting sponsored by the Bureau of Biologics for the Blood Products Advisory Committee). PMID- 6803411 TI - An autoanalyzer test to determine immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass of blood group antibodies. AB - An automated antiglobulin test was used to characterize the immunoglobulin class and IgG subclass of red blood cell-bound antibodies. Immunoglobulin classes and IgG subclasses of some clinically significant antibodies (anti-D and anti-CD, anti-Fy, anti-Jka) as well as of clinically insignificant anti-Chido antibodies were determined. Eighteen anti-Duffy antibodies were structurally homogeneous, and were mostly composed only of IgG1. Of the 16 anti-Fya antibodies studied only three had IgG2, and four had IgM molecules. Ten anti-Jka antibodies were heterogeneous, but all samples were either IgG1 or IgG3, or both. The most prominent immunoglobulin of 12 hyperimmune anti-Rh (anti-D and anti-CD) antibodies was IgG1. Under the conditions of our test, we also detected IgG3 and very low concentrations of IgG2 and IgG4 molecules in the anti-Rh antibodies. PMID- 6803412 TI - Changes in human natural killer activity early and late ater renal transplantation using conventional immunosuppression. AB - The natural killer (NK) cell activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes falls following major surgical procedures including renal transplantation but in non immunosuppressed individuals returns to normal levels within the first 72 hr after operation. In renal allograft recipients, if this early postoperative fall is excluded from the analysis, NK cell function appears to follow changes in allograft function, suggesting that in vivo, as has been reported in vitro, NK activity is generated during activation of the alloreactive process. In an additional group of patients whose grafts were functioning for between 3 and 102 months after cadaveric renal transplantation using conventional immunosuppression, NK function was depressed in comparison with that of control subjects. However, some patients who were more than 48 months post-transplant had normal NK cell activity. Collectively, these results suggest that NK cell function may recover despite the continued administration of conventional immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6803414 TI - Serum tests for amoebiasis in a small hospital. PMID- 6803413 TI - Indefinite survival of isolated pancreatic islets in rats rendered immunologically unresponsive to renal allografts. PMID- 6803415 TI - [Action of actinomycin D on Euglena gracilis ultrastructure]. AB - Effects of 1 and 10 mkg/ml concentrations of actinomycin D, an inhibitor of RNA synthesis, on the ultrastructure of a phytoflagellate Euglena gracilis were followed during 48 hours. Similar changes were observed with both the concentrations, but the effect of the higher dose appeared in a short time and was more expressed. The effect of actinomycin D becomes obvious as early as half an hour after its adding; the cell nucleus, chloroplasts and mitochondria show definite responses. Chromatin condensation is seen in the nucleus, the nucleolus is enlarged in size, compressed and fragmented. Chloroplasts react to the action of actinomycin D by swelling, accumulation of osmiophilic globuli, disorganization and reduction of lamellar systems, formation of the myelin figures and gran-like structures and by the decomposition of pyrenoid. The mitochondrial matrix is compressed, the structure and orientation of the cristae become abnormal, and some electron-dense bodies appear. PMID- 6803416 TI - Discrimination of protein and nucleic acids by electron microscopy using contrast variation. AB - A contrast variation method is described by which protein and nucleic acid components of nucleoprotein assemblies can be distinguished in the electron microscope. Using contrasting media of variable electron scattering density, the contribution to image contrast of protein or nucleic acid can be matched out. The protein and DNA components of T4 bacteriophages were visualized separately in this way. The distribution of RNA and protein in ribosomes was studied by processing images of crystalline sheets of ribosomes embedded in a range of contrasting media. Projection maps of crystalline ribosomes suggest that the ribosomal RNA is located predominantly in the central region of the particle. PMID- 6803417 TI - [posttraumatic paraplegia--long-term therapy and rehabilitation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803418 TI - [Late complications and therapy in paraplegia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803419 TI - Adjunctive therapy with interstitial irradiation for prostate cancer. AB - Thirty patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate underwent simultaneous staging pelvic lymphadenectomy and interstitial irradiation. Patients were followed for eighteen to forty-five months with regard to progression of disease and development of long-term complications. Upstaging to Stage D1 by virtue of discovering pelvic node involvement was noted in 16 patients (53.3 per cent). Subsequent disease progression (defined as development of bone or soft tissue metastasis) was seen in 9 of 16 upstaged patients with an average time to progression of 12.2 months. Three Stage D1 patients have died with an average time to death of 19.6 months. Only 1 patient whose lymphadenectomy was negative has experienced disease progression, and none has died. Adjuvant chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin hydrochloride) was given to 9 upstaged patients, in only 3 did disease progress. In contrast, in 6 of 7 upstaged patients not receiving chemotherapy metastatic disease developed, with an average time to progression of 10.3 months. In an attempt to improve local tumor control achieved by interstitial irradiation alone, 18 patients received additional external beam radiation therapy to the prostate, in doses ranging from 2,000 to 4,000 rad. There were sixteen long-term complications in the 30 patients, 75 per cent of which were seen in patients receiving added external beam irradiation. PMID- 6803421 TI - [Pathophysiological basis of using animal experiments]. PMID- 6803420 TI - Impressions on floor of female bladder: "the female prostate". AB - The "female prostate" denotes an impression on the base of the female bladder resembling the enlarged male prostate radiographically. Though the finding is widely recognized, confusion exists as to its significance. The differential diagnosis is moderately extensive, and includes retroverted uterus, anterior vaginal tumors, urethral and bladder floor tumors, benign and malignant bony pelvic lesions, urethral diverticulum, and postsurgical changes. Several cases are presented illustrating the previously mentioned causations. An impression on the floor of the female bladder should not be routinely dismissed as inconsequential without thorough evaluation. PMID- 6803422 TI - [Duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 6803423 TI - [The effect of long term administration of aflatoxins on the health status of male rats and pigs with respect to morphological changes in the testes]. AB - Long-continued administration of differentiated doses of aflatoxins was studied as to its effect on the over-all health conditions of male rats and pigs. Crude extract of the toxicogenic strain of Aspergillus flavus and was used for the experiments. The amount of aflatoxins is related to the actual content of aflatoxin B1, determined fluorometrically. Feed containing 1.0 mg aflatoxin per kg was administered in feeding trials with rats. Differentiated concentrations (20.0, 4.0, 2.0 and 0.2 mg aflatoxin B1 per day for 211 days) in feed were used in adult boars. After a longer time of administration, rats showed worse health condition and morphological changes corresponding to chronic aflatoxicosis. Serious changes were found during the histological examination of testes, including regressive changes of different intensity in the germinal epithelium of tubules, in some cases resulting in severe dystrophic alterations leading up to complete devastation of the spermiogenic epithelium. Interstitial tissue was considerably oedematous. Clinical manifestation of aflatoxicosis was observed in the boars given 20.0 mg aflatoxin B1 daily. When lower doses of aflatoxin were administered, no clinical manifestation of intoxication was recorded. In all cases, though no clinical disease occurred, feed conversion was impaired and weight gains decreased, depending directly on aflatoxin doses. The health condition was evaluated objectively by haematological examination and by the determination of clinico-biochemical values in blood plasma. The pathoanatomic changes indicated chronical aflatoxicosis. Histological changes in the testes of boars given 4.0 and 20.0 mg aflatoxin B1 daily in feed occurred within 63 to 190 days. The testes showed different degrees of dystrophy leading to the destruction and atrophy of spermiogenic epithelium and to oedema in the tissue. The extent of the histological changes testifies to a significant damage caused to the spermiogenic epithelium of seminiferous tubules after long-continued administration of high doses of aflatoxins. PMID- 6803424 TI - [Changes in blood sugar after administration of xylazine and adrenergic blockers in the rat]. AB - Xylazine (rompun) has sedative, analgetic and myorelaxative effects; in addition to this, it also influences the homeostasis of glucose in the organism. The changes in glucose tolerance were studied in young rats after the administration of xylazine in combination with the blockers of adrenergic receptors. Xylazine caused hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in young rats and the administration of the beta-adrenergic blocker (propranolol) prolonged this diabetogenic effect. On the other hand, glucose tolerance after the administration of xylazine with alpha-adrenergic blocker (phentolamine) is close to the normal level. It is supposed on the basis of our results that xylazine induced glucose intolerance and hyperglycaemia are mediated by the stimulation of the alpha-adrenergic system. Besides inhibition of insulin secretion, hepatic glycogenolysis probably also increases. PMID- 6803426 TI - [Secretion of endogenous urea into the cecum in sheep]. AB - In one-hour intervals before feeding and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours after feeding, three wethers were studied for the quantitative secretion of urea N and ammonia N into the caecum pouch (volume 80 ml). The amount of ammonia N secreted into the caecum ranged from 10.0 +/- 2.8 to 20.0 +/- 3.5 microM/h. The concentration of ammonia N was 271.2 +/- 60.6 microM/l, on the average. The passage of urea N showed no statistically significant differences before and after feeding (37.8 +/ 4.2 - 41.4 +/- 5.0 microM/h). The concentration of urea N in the caecum pouch was from 617.8 +/- 67.8 microM/l to 710.7 +/- 82.1 microM/l. Urea penetrates through the caecum wall into the caecum mostly in the form of a whole molecule, only its small proportion has the form of ammonia, its hydrolysis product. PMID- 6803425 TI - [The effect of water soluble trichloromonofluoromethane freon on the weight and proteins of the heart muscle in Japanese quail]. AB - An experiment was conducted to study the effects of water-soluble trichloromonofluoromethane freon (F-11, CC13F) on the weight of heart and on the level of freely extractable proteins in the heart of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). After three-week sublethal exposure of Japanese quail to the effect of freon the heart weight of the tested birds was found to have markedly decreased (however, the total body weight of the birds did not decrease). The tested quail also showed pronounced changes in the concentration of two protein fractions (an increase in one, a decline in the other), as determined by paper electrophoresis and polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis (however, the blood serum of the tested birds showed no changes in the levels of protein components). PMID- 6803427 TI - [Derivation and use of a new physiological criterion in the evaluation of performance in horses]. AB - The possibility of using the test for pulse-rate response to gradated load in the evaluation of the endurance component of horse performance (in other words, response to the degree of horse adaptation to load) is discussed in detail. A mathematic-statistical analysis of regression coefficients is performed in the equations of the dependence of pulse rate on speed obtained in 278 three years old horses in the period following the termination of the basic training (145 Bohemian Warm-Blooded horses, 115 Kladrub Black horses and 18 English Half Breds). A ten-score scale is calculated on the basis of the quantiles of normal distribution. The performance of a tested horse can be evaluated on the basis of this scale with an actually measured regression coefficient. PMID- 6803428 TI - [ECG similarities in the parents and offspring of thoroughbred horses]. AB - The ECG characters were studied in two sires (Manrico and Infernal) and their 26 membered set of progeny as well as in one mare (Victoire) and her five daughters. The confer of some ECG characters from the sire's side as well as from the mare's side to the offspring was demonstrated. The consistency of some ECG characters was particularly obvious in externally dominant Manrico sire and his offspring as well as in the breeding mare and her five daughters (inclination of the electric cardiac axis, intrinsicoid deflexion lag, P wave shape, deep S in the 3rd connection). PMID- 6803429 TI - [Development of morphological changes after experimental Mycobacterium avium infection in ducks and geese]. AB - Ducks and geese were experimentally infected with the Mycobacterium avium. It was demonstrated that intramuscular and peroral infection causes morphological tuberculous changes. The first microscopically detectable changes induced by intramuscular infection occurred within 12 days. After 70 days from infection the affected organs were densely covered with tuberculous lesions. The development of microscopic changes is continuous and the development of affections is accompanied by an increase in the number of mycobacteria detectable in the sections. In ducks this trend is more pronounced than in geese. In both methods of infection liver and spleen are the first and the most frequent organs to be affected. PMID- 6803430 TI - Experimental nasal infection of normal and leukopenic mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Histological and ultrastructural changes in the nasal mucosa of normal and leukopenic mice exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared and correlated with changes in the distribution of pseudomonads by use of immunoperoxidase labeling. Pseudomonas was limited to the surface of the nasal mucosa of normal mice and was cleared rapidly. Concurrently, granulocytes were recruited across unaltered nasal epithelium and contained phagocytosed bacilli within two hours. Pseudomonas was limited to the surface of the nasal mucosa of most leukopenic mice at two hours. By four hours, pseudomonads had penetrated interepithelial junctions of all leukopenic mice. Granulocytes were not recruited and nasal epithelium underwent necrosis at points of invasion. These results show that neutrophils participate in the clearance of P. aeruginosa from the surface of the nasal mucosa and that the failure to recruit granulocytes may be important in the breakdown of epithelial barriers. Possible mechanisms of mucosal invasion are discussed. PMID- 6803431 TI - Sarcocystis as a cause of placentitis and abortion in cattle. PMID- 6803432 TI - Safety aspects in preparing suspensions of field strains of Brucella abortus for serological identification. AB - Forty field strains of Brucella abortus, obtained from milk and vaginal samples of naturally infected cattle, were heated in a waterbath at 65 degrees C, 75 degrees C, 80 degrees C for 60 to 120 minutes. Ninety-five per cent survived 65 degrees C for 120 minutes, 55 per cent survived 75 degrees C for 120 minutes, 25 per cent survived 80 degrees C for 120 minutes and 12.5 per cent survived 85 degrees C for 60 minutes. No isolates survived 85 degrees C for 75 minutes. PMID- 6803433 TI - Mortierella wolfii infection in cattle in Britain. PMID- 6803434 TI - Ossified lesions in canine aortic spirocercosis. PMID- 6803435 TI - Identification of a serological cross-reaction between Brucella abortus and Escherichia coli 0:157. PMID- 6803436 TI - Ultrastructure of myocardium in the Hurler syndrome. Possible relation to cardiac function. AB - Cardiac tissues obtained at post mortem examination of eight patients with the Hurler syndrome, who ranged in age from 5 to 23 years, were examined by histochemical methods and electron microscopy. Extensive myocardiocytic vacuolization and increased interstitial fibrous tissue were noted by light microscopy in all hearts. The cytoplasmic (perinuclear) vacuoles contained Luxol fast-blue-positive substance. At the ultrastructural level, abnormal cytoplasmic organelles were present within the myocardiocytes in all patients. These organelles were of three types: zebra bodies (ZB), membranous cytoplasmic bodies (MCB) and granulomembranous bodies (GMB). As ZB and MCB are believed to represent the morphological counterpart of accumulated gangliosides, these substances rather than glycosaminoglycans appear to be stored within myocardiocytes of patients with the Hurler syndrome. The accumulation of gangliosides and the consequent damage to the myocardial substratum probably contributes to the clinically evident cardiac disease, so often observed in the patients with this disorder. PMID- 6803438 TI - [Effect of different methods of preserving and storing dairy products on the available lysine content]. PMID- 6803437 TI - [Proteolytic activity of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms causing food poisoning]. AB - A study was made of proteolytic activity of the microorganisms Proteus and Bac. cereus, as well as of infected extract from raw meat. Subject to study were also the effects of the temperature, storage and microbial association on the production of exoproteases. The results indicate an increase in the proteolytic activity in the course of storage at room and decreased temperatures and a lowering of the soluble protein amount in the samples, which attests to an active process of spoiling. Association of the bacteria in question appears to be a factor with a certain effect of protease repression. It is necessary to exercise control over the amount of the microorganisms in foods with a high content of protein, and to revise the times of meat storage in refrigerators. PMID- 6803439 TI - Development of multiple antibodies in an apparently 'protected' Rh D negative mother. AB - A case is described of a group O Rh (D) negative woman who received a blood transfusion after the delivery of her first infant, blood group O Rh (D) negative. In her second pregnancy anti-S was detected, presumably due to the prior transfusion. The second infant was D+S+ and the direct antiglobulin test on this infant's cells was positive. As no anti-D antibodies were detectable in this pregnancy, the positive antiglobulin test was presumably due to the anti-S. Anti D immunoglobulin was administered after this pregnancy, but in spite of this the mother developed a strong anti-D antibody. The significance of this 'failure of protection' is discussed in relation to the augmenting affect of antibody development during pregnancy. PMID- 6803440 TI - False reactions in radioimmunoassay for viral hepatitis B markers in patients suffering from coagulation disorders. AB - Simultaneous occurrence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) has been frequently described in hemophiliac patients. During our working procedures, this phenomenon was also observed. Interference of coagulation disorders with radioimmunoassay (RIA) used in the detection of viral hepatitis B markers was studied. It was shown that, in vivo or in vitro, correction of coagulation disorders led to the disappearance of false positive reactions and, thus, simultaneous presence of HBsAg and anti-HBs never occurred. Confirmatory tests which are usually recommended to control RIA were reviewed and it found that only a completed coagulation of serum by thrombin addition, before performing the test, gave specific results. PMID- 6803441 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on intracardiac hemodynamics in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6803443 TI - [Treatment of amenorrhea with a LH-RH-analogue as nasal spray]. AB - 29 amenorrhoic women were treated with the Buserelin nasal spray (HOE 766) developed by Hoechst A. G. in a dosis of 50 microgram daily during 2 weeks. 22 of the patients desired restoration of menstrual cycle, 7 women were wanting a child. As result of the treatment 16 women menstruated, 6 ovulated, 2 became pregnant. With Buserelin nasal spray menstruation was induced in 12 out of 16 women with amenorrhea WHO group II. PMID- 6803442 TI - [Western and eastern tick-borne encephalitides in Eurasia]. PMID- 6803445 TI - A comparative study of techniques for esophageal foreign body removal with special emphasis on meat bolus obstruction. PMID- 6803444 TI - Control of vitamin A deficiency and xerophthalmia. PMID- 6803447 TI - Quality and cost-effectiveness-not at odds. PMID- 6803446 TI - [Factor VIII usage in the Wisconsin Hemophilia Program; factor VIII usage in hemophilia]. PMID- 6803448 TI - Isolation of membrane-associated folded chromosomes from Anacystis nidulans. AB - Particles containing folded DNA were isolated from the blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans. The structure of these particles is vesicle-like and similar to that of membrane-associated nuclear bodies which had been isolated from Escherichia coli under comparable conditions. The sedimentation constant is between 8000 and 9000 Svedbergs. The DNA is inside the particles and is attached to the thylakoid membranes. PMID- 6803449 TI - [Rubredoxin reductase in crude extracts of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in relation to carbon source and growth phase]. AB - By immunization of rabbits with discelectrophoretically purified rubredoxin reductase from Ac. calcoaceticus an antiserum against this enzyme was prepared. The antiserum was monospecifical to a diaphoretic activity, which had a RF-value identical with the rubredoxin-reductase-RF value. It has been shown by discelectrophoresis, immunoelectrophoresis, OUCHTERLONY technique and kinetic investigations that crude extracts of bacteria grown on C16, malate, succinate or acetate contain rubredoxin-reductase. By the LAURELL technique we demonstrated that the amount of the enzyme is nearly independent of the carbon source. There are only differences during the different growth phases. PMID- 6803451 TI - [The value of quantitative immunoglobulin analyses in medical diagnosis]. PMID- 6803450 TI - Electron microscopic demonstration of negative surface charges on cytoplasmic membranes of Bacillus subtilis with protamine-ferritin. AB - The application of a protamine-ferritin conjugate for labelling of isolated protoplast membranes of Bacillus subtilis S 13/1 is described. Contrary to Mycoplasma membranes which could only be labelled on the outer side of the membrane, ferritin was deposited on both membrane sides as a single layer without cluster formation. PMID- 6803452 TI - [The home treatment of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB) (author's transl)]. AB - The inhalation therapy assisted by IPPB has been well established as the standard programme of intensive care units for many years. The use of inhalation by assisted ventilation at home is difficult because 4-6 applications daily are necessary to reach a suitable effect. This form of treatment has to perform at patient's home and an apparatus has to put ready for these patients. Our investigations pursued the aim to prove the effectiveness by means of objective parameters. The home treatment was carried on 32 patients with respiratory insufficiency over a period of and average of 51 months. This group was controlled after 2 years. Lung function tests and blood gas analysis showed a tiny but not significant deterioration. We were able to demonstrate that the hospitalization rate can be lowered, the bronchitis symptoms and respiratory decompensation reduced, and well-being significantly improved. This results have led to the conclusion that this treatment obviously influence the follow-up of the respiratory insufficiency. PMID- 6803453 TI - [Rapid cultivation of mycobacteria with a rotating incubator]. AB - A method is described which allows a rapid primary culture of mycobacteria. The basic principle is a rotating incubator fitted with special cultures tubes and a synthetic liquid culture medium. So it is possible to accelerate the growth and multiplication and to get instance an average generation time of 10 hours in M. tuberculosis. After conventional decontamination of the sputa with Nekal-BX and an incubation time of 1, 2 and 4 weeks the grown mycobacteria are proved by microscopy with a special fixation technique. Acridin-orange is used for staining. The conditions for application of the rapid culture method are discussed. PMID- 6803455 TI - [Problems of the pathogenesis and of the pathology of tuberculosis once and at present]. AB - The paper is giving review of some important points in the development of pathology and especially of pathogenesis of tuberculosis. Highly different conceptions of the cause and the kind of tuberculosis existed in the past times up to the detection of the tubercl bacteria by Robert Koch and even later on. About 100 years ago in medical research the mean discussion of tuberculosis problem was determined by two men, Robert Koch and Rudolf Virchow. The last part of the paper deals with some aspects and actual problems of tuberculosis in the last decades. PMID- 6803454 TI - [The effect of Robert Koch's discovery and investigations on the development of the therapy of tuberculosis]. AB - The discovery of the tuberculous bacillus and the methods of cultivation have been fundamental prerequisite for the development of the therapy of tuberculosis. Substances with antimycobacterial activity in vitro even in low concentrations have been found out already by Robert Koch, however not any effective ones in vivo. The cultural demonstration of tubercle bacilli is not only important for diagnosis but the essential criterion of efficacy of the drugs and for the success of treatment. Experiments with cultures of tuberculous mycobacteria represented the basis for detection of new antituberculous drugs, for the elucidation of the mechanism of their effect, for the inquiry of the type of antituberculous activity and the basic mechanism of the development of resistance. Out of these the principles for avoiding of that has been built up. Cultures are also used for the principal and individual determination of the concentration of antituberculous drugs in blood and organs. By the excellent efficacy of the causal antituberculous therapy it is possible to cure all kind of tuberculosis without any surgical interventions which are now needless. The results of in vitro-experiments on cultures represented also the starting point for the further development of antituberculous treatment. One-phasic or two phasic intermittent treatment and short-course therapy have simplified treatment and marked it easier, which is supervised under ambulatory conditions, too. They lowered the costs for drugs and staff considerably. The causes of relapses, which have become now the main problem instead of resistance, could been investigated by means of tuberculous cultures. The possibilities of the realisation in practice of the obtained knowledge in the scale of a country are demonstrated on the example of the GDR and referred to the social and economical conditions, of which Robert Koch already had drawn the attention. PMID- 6803456 TI - Experimental investigations on the significance of different environmental and immunological factors on the disposition to tuberculous infection. PMID- 6803457 TI - [Robert Koch and his work. Its effects to the control of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6803458 TI - The consequences of Robert Koch's Discovery for countries with a high prevalence of tuberculosis. AB - Since the issue of the 8th report of the WHO Expert Committee on Tuberculosis in 1964, the importance of Robert Koch's discovery has become fully apparent, becoming the basis of the development of the National Tuberculosis Control Programme. Robert Koch's discovery has had three main consequences for high prevalence countries. 1. It provides an unfailing epidemiological index which permits the evaluation of the tuberculosis problem in each country and the definition of the aims of the programmes. 2. It is the basis of the case-finding policy. 3. It makes possible the follow-up of the results of treatment in individual as well as in the community. The message of hope for the whole humanity, that was implied by the announcement in march 1882 of the remarkable discovery of the Koch bacillus, should be translated into reality in the next few decades by the progressive disappearance of tuberculosis in man. PMID- 6803459 TI - [The epidemiological effectiveness control of antituberculous measures in the experimental territories]. AB - Report on the effectiveness of antituberculous measures in 8 experimental territories of USSR. These territories were organized in 1972. Measures for the control of tuberculosis are comprehensively performed and checked. Repeated mass x-ray examinations of the whole population (covering more than 90%) have produced a marked reduction of tuberculosis incidence already within 2 to 3 years. The intensified bacteriological diagnostic with cultures increased the portion of positive cases up to 55-60%. Other important indices for the assessment and evaluation of the tuberculosis situation are discussed. The portion of negativations and cavity clomre could be markedly improved by a centralized control of the treatment results. PMID- 6803460 TI - Biochemical studies on the effect of breast and artificial feeding in newborn Egyptian infants. I. Serum proteins and immunoglobulins in 1--4-day-old newborns. AB - Investigations on the effect of colostrum feeding in 1--4-day-old newborn infants on serum proteins and their immunoglobulins were carried out. The values for serum total proteins, albumin and gamma globulins are higher in colostrum-fed infants than the artificially fed group. Immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A levels were significantly higher, while immunoglobulin M level was only slightly elevated in the former group. On the other hand, serum total proteins as well as albumin and gamma globulins levels were decreased in lactating compared with non lactating females, while the alpha and beta globulins levels were higher for lactating than controls. For individual immunoglobulins; IgG level was lower and IgA, IgM levels were higher for lactating than non-lactating females. PMID- 6803461 TI - [Enzymatic changes and protein metabolism in the early and late postoperative phase during intravenous feeding]. AB - 119 metabolically healthy surgical patients, who had to undergo elective intraabdominal surgery, were separated into upper - cholecystectomy, gastric resection - and lower - colonic and sigma surgery - intraabdominal procedures and divided into 8 groups with different infusion regimens. During the early postoperative period, patients with upper abdominal surgery had significantly higher postoperative enzyme changes compared with patients with lower abdominal surgery. Patients with cholecystectomy had the significantly highest postoperative enzyme changes. On postoperative day 6 the enzyme changes showed a significant dependence from the duration of total parenteral nutrition, the chosen calorie-nitrogen ratio, and the chosen energy substrate, Xylitol or glucose. We could show a significant negative correlation between the extent of the stimulation of hepatic lipid synthesis and the protein parameters. Of all chosen infusion regimens, Xylitol in a dosis of 0.11 g/kg BW x h together with the high amino acid infusion rate of 1.76 g/kg BW x day had the most favourable effect on the extent of stimulation of hepatic lipid synthesis, the late postoperative enzyme changes, and the synthesis rate of visceral proteins. This study could demonstrate that different intraabdominal surgical procedures need a more specific nutritional therapy. PMID- 6803462 TI - [Utilization of N-acetylated amino acids in solutions for intravenous feeding. Cleavage of N-acetyltyrosine and N-acetylcysteine in rat tissues]. AB - N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine are deacylated by enzyme preparations from kidney and liver in vitro. It is likely that this is caused by two different acylases. Michaelis constants and activities are shown. Kidney contains much more activity than liver per unit of weight. No activity can be detected in muscles. PMID- 6803464 TI - [Production of working reagents for quantitative determination of influenza hemagglutin for SRD-test]. PMID- 6803463 TI - [Advantage of xylitol compared to glucose as an energy source during early postoperative parenteral feeding]. AB - After a 5-day preoperative preparing period, 24 metabolically healthy patients, who had to undergo gastric resection, were fed postoperatively by hypocaloric total parenteral nutrition for a 5-day period. Group I, n = 13; received 0.11 g Xylitol/kg BW . h; Group II, n = 11, received 0.11 g Glucose/kg BW . h. Both groups received 1.71 g L-crystalline amino acids/kg BW . day. During the whole postoperative period, group II had significantly higher serum glucose and insulin levels. Due to the high postoperative insulin concentration in group II, free fatty acids, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate and branched chained amino acids were significantly lower. The augmented release of muscle amino acids and the covering of a part of the energy expenditure by increased fatty acid oxidation in group I led to a higher postoperative synthesis rate of visceral proteins. From postoperative day 3 on transferrin and from postoperative day 6 on albumin and total protein were significantly higher in group I. This study could demonstrate that due to its special role in the intermediary metabolism during the postoperative period xylitol leads to a significantly higher regeneration rate of visceral proteins compared to glucose during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6803465 TI - [Determination of the ovulation date in women with disturbed cervical factor by means of sonographic measurement of follicular growth, hormonal parameters and basal body temperature]. AB - In 23 women from the fertility clinic with disturbed cervical factor and ovulatory cycles, the BBT was carried out, FSH, LH, progesterone and E2 were assayed and the follicular maturation was determined sonographically. The hormonal assays and ultrasound investigations were performed as a rule at 1-2 day intervals. The follicles were measured three dimensionally. At the time of ovulation, the mean diameter averaged 23 mm. There was a very good correlation between the various methods for determining the date of ovulation. Since the cervical factor could not be used for date determination in the patient group investigated, the immediately available result of the ultrasonographic investigation proved to be especially valuable. It was possible to attain a pregnancy in four cases. PMID- 6803467 TI - [Acute and chronic effects of dihydralazine in severe congestive heart failure at rest and during exercise (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803466 TI - [An electrocardiographic study of cardiac damage following post-operative radiation in patients with mammary carcinoma on the left (author's transl)]. AB - Systematic ECG-analysis were performed in 13 patients (mean age 55.1 years) with mammary carcinoma on the left, prior to, during, and 4 months after postoperative radiation therapy. Treatment was done with a gammatron, the average load to the anterior cardiac wall amounted to 36 Gy. All patients exhibited ST-T segment changes, flat, isoelectric or coronary negative T-waves in the precordial leads demonstrating radiation-induced perimyocarditis. Prolongation of QT-interval corrected with Bazett's formula (QTc) was observed in 6 patients showing myocardial damage. Sinus tachycardia in 9 patients and lower voltage in 3 patients gave a hint to early appearance of pericardial effusions. Pulmonary P waves in 6 patients and shift of QRS-axis to the right in 5 patients demonstrated early damage of the right heart. Clinical deterioration could not be seen in any patient. PMID- 6803469 TI - [Clinico-laboratory results of treatment of gonorrhea patients with ampiox]. PMID- 6803468 TI - [Effects of radiographic contrast media on cellular electrophysiology in the beating heart (author's transl)]. AB - Electrophysiological effects of intracoronarily administered contrast media have been documented in 12 thoracotomized dogs at the cellular level by use of a modified microelectrode technique. Injections (n = 63) of 4 different contrast media uniformly led to a temporary cellular hyperpolarisation of the resting potential and prolongation of the action potential. Additional experiments with intracoronary injections of several electrolyte solutions indicate that the observed effects can be explained by contrast-induced changes in the extracellular electrolyte concentrations, mainly by a local deficiency of potassium ions and an excess of sodium ions. The significance of the findings for mechanisms underlying ECG-changes and ventricular arrhythmia by radiographic contrast media will be discussed. PMID- 6803470 TI - Growth patterns of children in Lagaip, Enga Province. AB - A nutrition survey was conducted in 1979 in the Lagaip area of Enga Province. On examining 1,739 children under 5 years., it was found that the pattern of their growth was similar to that reported in other highland populations. The high proportion (37%) of the children classified as malnourished results from stunting, not wasting. Most of the children classified as wasted were less than 2 years old. Significant associations were found between reported morbidity and nutritional status when the latter was assessed by weight related indices. PMID- 6803471 TI - Distribution of aflatoxin in whole peanut kernels, sampling plans for small samples. AB - It is well known that the distribution of aflatoxin in a lot of whole peanut kernels is extremely heterogeneous. Several different statistical distribution models have been proposed, fitting the experimental data reasonably well as long as the samples are very large, but differing considerably when applied to small samples. Therefore, it is important to know the real distribution between single kernels for the evaluation of the effectiveness of sampling plans for small samples. It is shown by the analysis of 368 samples of 1-10,000 kernels from the same lot of peanuts that the negative binomial distribution represents a good statistical model. The variance can be estimated from the mean concentration of the analysed samples, as confirmed by the comparison of data from several independent investigations. Decisions based on small samples are especially unfavourable to the consumer, as even a lot with a high mean concentration will tend to give negative results. A reasonably small risk of a false decision, both to the consumer and to the producer, can be reached only if very large samples are analysed. PMID- 6803473 TI - Impending rupture of the stomach associated with malrotation and midgut volvulus. AB - Two cases of impending gastric rupture, associated with malrotation and midgut volvulus, are reported. The diverticulous mucosal protrusions were characteristically revealed as a box-shaped gastric shadow in the plain X-ray and upper GI series. Two cases were operatively treated with only the seromuscular suture of the defect without excision of the mucosal protrusion. Midgut volvulus and malrotation were reduced. Post-operative course was uneventful. PMID- 6803472 TI - Portal hypertension after successful Kasai's operation for biliary atresia- special reference to esophageal varices. AB - Thirty-four patients with biliary atresia have undergone Kasai's operation in our clinic during the past 12 years. Of 21 patients who showed good bile excretion postoperatively, 8 are surviving more than 2 years later. 4 of these survivors and 2 who died of hepatic failure after operation which succeeded in achieving bile excretion, developed portal hypertension with esophageal varices. More than 30 similar patients have been reported in the literature. Esophageal varices after a successful Kasai's operation developed in one fourth of the patients who were expected to be cured. Half of these went on the hemorrhage. Portal hypertension due to biliary hepatic fibrosis could be divided into acute and chronic types. The acute type had a poor prognosis due to concomitant severe postoperative cholangitis, whereas, almost all patients with the chronic type survived, if the esophageal varices were well controlled conservatively or operatively. Transthoracic esophageal transection with paraesophagogastric devascularization seems to be the treatment of choice, and splenectomy may be added through the diaphragm only in patients with hypersplenism. Major or minor shunting procedures should be avoided because they decrease the blood flow to the liver. PMID- 6803474 TI - [Effect of anaerobiosis in 6 blood-culture media on the recovery rate of aerobic microorganisms (author's transl)]. AB - Commercially manufactured blood-culture bottles with 6 different culture media have been considered in this study. The bottles were respectively supplemented with 10% fresh human blood and inoculated with obligate aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms known to cause bacteremia and fungemia. The inoculum size ranged from less than 10 to 10(2) CFU per blood-culture bottle. The study was carried out by alternately incubating one set of bottles anaerobically for two days before being vented, while the other set was vented immediately after inoculation. The effect of anaerobic and aerobic atmospheres on growth intensity, recovery rate and survival durability of the 11 microbial strains has been studied. The maintenance of anaerobic atmosphere for 2 days before venting the blood-culture bottles caused: a) 2 to 4 days delay in detecting nonfastidious bacteria and fungi; b) rapid death of acid-sensitive bacteria in poorly buffered culture media; c) inability of fastidious bacteria to grow in any of the 6 culture media. On the other hand venting the blood-culture bottles immediately after inoculation enabled: a) rapid detection of bacteria by an early subculture after 8 hours of incubation; b) diagnostic advantage of at least 2 days with rapidly growing bacteria which make more than 50% of the whole microbial spectrum; c) good growth of fastidious bacteria. Collectively, brain heart dipeptone broth proved to be the most effective culture medium for detection of obligate aerobic microorganisms responsible for bacteremia. PMID- 6803475 TI - Sensitivity of various spiroplasma strains against ethanol, formalin, glutaraldehyde, and phenol. AB - The efficacy of four different disinfectants on spiroplasmas pathogenic for plants, insects and vertebrates was determined using a microtiter technique. The results of the sensitivity testing indicate that spiroplasmas display a considerable resistance in comparison to cell wall bearing organisms. Particularly honey bee spiroplasmas proved to be less sensitive to the disinfectants tested, whereas Spiroplasma citri and the tick spiroplasmas showed a susceptibility comparable to E. coli and Staph. aureus. The findings are discussed in relation to the technique used and in respect of the implications for laboratory work. PMID- 6803476 TI - [Biochemical evaluation of the effectiveness of antiparkinson preparations containing L-DOPA]. AB - The content of adrenaline, noradrenaline, DOPA, and dopamine in the daily portion of the urine was examined in 26 patients with parkinsonism who took for many years L-DOPA which was then replaced by the drugs synemet and nacom containing, in addition to DOPA, a specific inhibitor of peripheral DOPA-decarboxylase (MK 486). As control 10 healthy subjects and 37 non-treated parkinsonic patients were examined. Advantages of the drugs synemet and nacom over L-DOPA are noted. These advantages manifest themselves in the form of favourable changes of the mediator balance in the presence of positive clinical effect and possibility of reducing the L-DOPA dose by administering those drugs. No substantial changes of biochemical parameters were revealed in the patients treated with synemet and nacom. A correlation between the hypersecretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the patients with parkinsonism treated with L-DOPA-containing drugs and the development of cerebral side effects (hyperkinesias, psychic disturbances) was discovered. Possible mechanisms of the development of the cerebral side effects in patients treated with DOPA-containing drugs are discussed, and necessity of combined therapy is stressed. PMID- 6803477 TI - [Comparison of dosage schedules for delayed-action lithium carbonate]. PMID- 6803478 TI - Red cell response to A23187 and valinomycine in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Treatment of red cells from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients with A23187 induced identical responses with those in controls in terms of Ca++ flux, shrinkage, ATP depletion, hypotonic lysis protection, and glycolysis stimulation. The level of RC-free calcium seemed not to be altered in DMD. Valinomycine induced shrinkage was enhanced significantly in DMD red blood cells. PMID- 6803481 TI - Sterile gonads after removal of vegetative cytoplasm from the eggs of Bufo arenarum. PMID- 6803479 TI - Some properties of the polyamine deprivation-inducible uptake system for methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) in tumor cells. AB - Intracellular polyamine deprivation, produced by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), resulted in a striking enhancement of cellular transport of the natural polyamines and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (MGBG). In addition to the natural polyamines and MGBG, the uptake of other diamines and triamines was likewise enhanced in response to DFMO, although longer than three-carbon backbone was required for about 10-fold stimulation to occur. Intracellular deprivation of polyamines did not increase the affinity of the transport system for MGBG but greatly enhanced the maximum velocity of the drug transport. The uptake process of MGBG was temperature dependent and the activation energy (Ea = 67.5 kJ) for the uptake system was the same for both the polyamine-depleted tumour cells and for the untreated cells. The uptake of the drug appeared to be more dependent on the Na+-linked uptake, as indicated by the inhibitory effect of ouabain, than on energy production. Deprivation of putrescine and spermidine changed the intracellular distribution of MGBG since a major portion of the drug was concentrated in the microsomal fraction in polyamine-depleted cells. PMID- 6803480 TI - Hypoglycemic therapy and hemostasis in maturity- onset diabetes mellitus: existence of an early prethrombotic state. AB - We studied 115 patients with uncomplicated maturity-onset diabetes mellitus, 55 males and 60 females; patients were divided into 7 groups according to the hypoglycemic therapy (diet alone, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, phenformin, combination of the last two drugs, insulin, combination of insulin and phenformin). All patients were tested for a prethrombotic state by the simultaneous determination of the following parameters: ADP-induced platelet aggregation, Factor VIII as antigen and procoagulant activity and the plasma levels of fibrinogen and antithrobin III. Our results show that these parameters were markedly altered in diabetic patients when compared to apparently normal subjects of the same age; on the contrary, differences between groups of diabetic patients were very slight and hardly ever statistically significant. These results suggest that the prethrombotic alterations of hemostatic system are very similar in all groups of diabetic patients; this is true also for patients submitted to diet alone, i.e. with slight and usually recent-onset diabetes mellitus. In conclusion, our study suggests the opportunity, at least from the theoretical point of view, of systematic antiaggregant and/or anticoagulant treatment(s) in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus, whose severe and precocious prethrombotic alterations seem to be independent of the hypoglycemic treatment applied. PMID- 6803482 TI - Effect of opioid peptides on gonadotrophin secretion. AB - The intraventricular injection of 25 micrograms of Methionine-Enkephalin (Met Enk) induces a significant increase of serum LH levels in long-term ovariectomized rats 15, 30 and 60 min following administration. The synthetic Met Enk agonistic analogue [D-Ala2] methionine-Enkephalinamide ([D-Ala2]Met-Enk) also enhances significantly serum LH levels at 30 and 60 min; under the same experimental conditions neither Met-Enk nor [D-Ala2]Met-Enk modifies serum levels of FSH following intraventricular injections into ovariectomized animals. It is concluded that, under particular circumstances, opioid peptides of the Met-Enk family may stimulate LH release. PMID- 6803483 TI - Plasma gonadotrophins profile in relation to body composition in underprivileged boys. PMID- 6803484 TI - The role of sex hormones in the mechanism of inhibited LH release in female patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of impaired LH secretion, 60 female patients with anorexia nervosa were investigated. A control group consisted of 14 women of the same age, examined in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The serum LH, FSH, prolactin, TSH, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol, progesterone, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse T3 and serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured. The results showed a significant increase in serum dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, oestriol and reverse T3 concentrations. However, oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone, SHBG and triiodothyronine levels were significantly lower than those of the control group. The mean serum LH concentration in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after LRH stimulation was significantly lower than that in the control group, but FSH secretion in response to LRH was normal. All hormonal changes in anorexia nervosa disappeared after weight gain during cyproheptadine treatment. Dramatically increased dehydroepiandrosterone levels suggest that the high testosterone in women with anorexia nervosa is derived from adrenal rather than from gonadal steroids. There was no correlation between serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, oestriol and LH concentrations indicating that steroid hormone disturbances do not cause impaired LH release in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6803485 TI - Thyrotrophin and prolactin responses to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in patients with Parkinson's disease. AB - The thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (Prl)-releasing effects of TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) were investigated in 20 subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD), unmedicated, on chronic treatment with a combination levodopa-benserazide (Madopar) or levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) or withdrawn from therapy. Administration of TRH (200 micrograms iv) induced in unmedicated patients TSH and Prl responses significantly lower than those of sex-and age-matched controls. In patients on Madopar therapy the TSH and Prl responses to TRH were greater than in unmedicated patients and comparable to those of controls, while in patients on Sinemet therapy the pituitary responses were undistinguishable from those of unmedicated subjects. Withdrawal of Madopar therapy resulted in a marked diminution of the TSH response but did not affect the Prl response to TRH. Withdrawal of Sinemet therapy did not alter the TSH and Prl responses to TRH. Concomitant evaluation of growth hormone (GH) levels, in none of the subjects evidenced non-specific changes in plasma GH following TRH. Since TSH and Prl responses to TRH are inhibited by an enhancement of the dopaminergic tone, it would appear that the latter is preserved in the tuberoinfundibular system of unmedicated subjects and subjects on chronic Sinemet therapy, but is defective in subjects on chronic Madopar therapy. PMID- 6803487 TI - Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in plasma of rabbit from birth to adulthood. Correlation with sexual and behavioural development. AB - Plasma testosterone, LH and FSH levels were determined and correlated with reproductive organs growth, testicular differentiation, fighting and mounting behaviour in maturing rabbit. An infantile phase of development extends from birth to 40 days, characterized by low testosterone and FSH levels, decreasing LH levels (until 20 days) and by a slow growth of testis and seminal vesicle. The peripubertal phase starts abruptly around day 40. It is marked by simultaneous events: the appearance of mature Leydig cells in the testis, a striking increase in testosterone and FSH levels, a small rise in LH levels and an acceleration of testicular growth. The phase of rapid growth of seminal vesicle and the first meiotic divisions start around day 70, in presence of high circulating levels of FSH and testosterone. Fighting (3 months) and mounting behaviour (146 +/- 13 days) occur lately after a long period of high circulating testosterone levels. PMID- 6803488 TI - Serum levels of prolactin, TSH and gonadotrophins following LRH/TRH--double stimulation tests during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6803486 TI - Elevated serum thyroxine-binding globulin by X-chromosome transmission. AB - A kindred with a high prevalence of hereditary serum thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is described. Seventeen of th 29 members of the kindred have the increased TBG trait as demonstrated by a combination of increased serum total thyroxine (T4) and total triiodothyronine (T3) and decreased T3 resin uptake. In 12 of the 17, the anomaly was confirmed by measuring serum TBG activity as maximum binding capacity of T4. The pattern of increased TBG is consistent with X-linked inheritance. One of the affected members had proven thyrotoxicosis and two others were subjected to sub-total thyroidectomy. PMID- 6803489 TI - Glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit secretion in patients with pituitary adenomas: influence of TRH, LRH and bromocriptine. AB - Twelve patients with pituitary adenomas and increased serum concentration of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit were studied. Eight patients were acromegalic and one had a FSH producing tumour. The adenomas in 9 patients had undergone subtotal operative removal and/or external irradiation but no patient was studied within 3 months of these treatments. Many of the acromegalic patients, with moderately elevated alpha-levels, showed marked increases in alpha-concentration after TRH and/or LRH, compared with controls. The non-acromegalic patients, with the highest alpha-levels, showed poor responses to releasing hormones. These results suggest that excessive alpha-subunit secretion in acromegalic patients is often under hypothalamic control whereas in non-acromegalic patients it is often autonomous. Seven patients, 4 with acromegaly, were then given oral bromocriptine, 5 mg over 3 h. There was a significant fall in log mean alpha level at 4 and 5 h (P less than 0.02). Six patients took bromocriptine for 1--2 months. Log mean alpha-concentration was significantly reduced at the end of treatment (P less than 0.02) and then recovered to basal levels after stopping treatment for one week. alpha-Subunit hypersecretion in some patients with pituitary adenomas is therefore modulated by dopaminergic control mechanisms. PMID- 6803490 TI - Alterations in serum thyroid hormones in euthyroid children with circulating anti thyroid antibodies. PMID- 6803491 TI - Thyrotrophin-releasing hormone responsiveness and degradation in children with chronic renal failure: effect of time of evolution. AB - In order to study the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid function in children with chronic renal failure (CRF), the serum levels of L-thyroxine (L-T4), L triiodothyronine (L-T3), reverse T3 (rT3), thyrotrophin (TSH) and prolactin (Prl) were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Values were compared with those of normal subjects. Low levels of L-T4 were present in CRF patients as compared to controls. L-T3 was also found to be low but less than L-T4, and rT3 was lower in patients with long evolution. No alterations were observed in TSH basal levels, whereas Prl values in patients were high. After thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) administration, TSH and Prl rose to similar levels in both groups, but high values were maintained throughout (120 min) in CRF. A significant negative correlation was found between the peak rise of the TSH response and the CRF evolution time. The L-T3 response to TRH administration (120 min) was similar in both CRF and controls. The rate of in vivo and in vitro exogenous TRH degradation was decreased in patients with CRF or by their sera, respectively. Our data seem to confirm that the hypothyroid syndrome described in CRF patients is of hypothalamic origin, and the low in vivo and in vitro TRH degradation rates are a consequence of this state. PMID- 6803492 TI - 46,XX gonadal absence: a variant of the XX pure gonadal dysgenesis? AB - Two unrelated 46,XX individuals with female phenotype and sexual infantilism were studied. Endocrine findings showed anoestrogenism and hypergonadotrophism with a normal pituitary response to LRH. Laparotomy disclosed ovarian absence with normal Mullerian derivatives and no gonadal streaks were found within the true pelvis or inguinal canals. This condition represents the 46,XX counterpart of the 46,XY gonadal absence syndrome. Whether the XX agonadism reported here is a different and distinctive entity or is a variant of the XX pure gonadal dysgenesis syndrome can not be ascertained at present. PMID- 6803496 TI - The pituitary-gonadal function in obesity and in nervous anorexia. PMID- 6803495 TI - Pituitary response to repeated injections of different doses of LH-RH in patients affected by hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID- 6803497 TI - Effect of methyl-p-tyrosine administration on gonadotropin and prolactin release in normal-cycling, postmenopausal and hyperprolactinemic women. PMID- 6803493 TI - Effects of oestradiol and levonorgestrel on lipoprotein lipids and postheparin plasma lipase activities in normolipoproteinaemic women. AB - The effects of oestradiol and levonorgestrel on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol (Chol) and triglyceride (Tg) levels and on postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity were studied in 52 normolipoproteinaemic women. The androgen-derived progestin levonorgestrel increased postheparin plasma hepatic lipase (PH-HL) activity and decreased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) lipid concentrations in a manner opposite to that of oestradiol. The relationships between PH-HL activity and HDL lipids suggest an important role for this enzyme as a mediator of sex hormone action on HDL. PMID- 6803494 TI - Circannual variations of gonadotropins in prepubertal age. PMID- 6803499 TI - Qualitative abnormal gonadotropin secretion in anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6803500 TI - Selective LH hypergonadotropism - pre, peri and postmenopausal forms. PMID- 6803502 TI - Effect of a met-enkephalin analogue and naloxone infusion on gonadotrophin secretion in man. PMID- 6803501 TI - Evaluation of luteal function after administration of D-leu6 ethylamide in cyclic women. PMID- 6803505 TI - Effect of a dopaminergic drug on LH, FSH and prolactin levels in PCO syndrome. PMID- 6803498 TI - Chronic treatment with a LH-RH-agonist: a new contraceptive method? PMID- 6803506 TI - Effect of two levels of induced hypocapnia on cerebral autoregulation in the acute phase of head injury coma. AB - In eight unconscious and artificially ventilated patients with severe head injury, cerebral autoregulation (CA) was tested during angiotensin infusion, before and after a reduction of Paco2. Intracranial pressure (ICP) and systemic arterial pressure (SAP) were continuously recorded. Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured by the intracarotid Xe133 washout technique as initial slope index, stochastic and compartmental analysis. In contradistinction to previous human studies, we found a preserved CA during moderate hypocapnia (mean Paco2 34.2 mmHg) while the CA after a further decrease in Paco2 (mean value 23.1 mmHg) was lost. The apparently preserved CA may be a "false phenomenon" due to a regional increase in ICP. After a decrease in Paco2, an association between high CO2 reactivity and rCBF increase during angiotensin was disclosed, while a decreased or unchanged rCBF was observed in regions with inverse steal or abolished CO2 reactivity. The study indicates that the interpretation of CA is facilitated by performing the test during two levels of Paco2, but the presence of impaired autoregulation in the acute phase of head injury indicates that deliberate increase in SAP may be dangerous, as it may provoke an increase of regional ICP and brain oedema. PMID- 6803509 TI - Halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration for tonsillectomy in children. AB - Bains's anaesthetic circuit was used in 22 children undergoing tonsillectomy under halothane anaesthesia with spontaneous respiration. End-tidal CO2 was monitored by capnography. The median maximum end-tidal CO2 was 7%, and during surgery nine patients had an end-tidal CO2 higher than 7%, corresponding to a Paco2 close to 8 kPa when the arterial to end-tidal CO2 difference is taken into consideration. Increase in fresh gas flow or change to a non-rebreathing system had virtually no effect on end-tidal CO2. However, following discontinuation of halothane or during controlled respiration, acceptable values of end-tidal CO2 were reached, leading to the conclusion that respiratory depression was responsible for the high values of end-tidal CO2 rather than properties of Bain's circuit or too low gas flow rates. PMID- 6803504 TI - Effect of an antidopaminergic drug on LH, FSH and PRL levels in post-menopausal women. PMID- 6803507 TI - Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics during hip arthroplasty. AB - Gas exchange and respiratory mechanics were studied during hip arthroplasty, according to Charnley (1961). Dead space measurements were made by capnography and thoracic compliance and resistance, calculated from tracheal pressure variations and respiratory gas flow. PaO2 fell by 2.5 kPa with the insertion of each prosthesis. Small increases in PaCO2 were also seen. Distal (approximately corresponding to alveolar) dead space increased by 25% when each prosthesis was anchored. Dynamic thoracic compliance fell by 30-40 ml/kPa at the insertion of either prosthesis, while inspiratory and expiratory resistance were unaffected. The findings may indicate interference with the functions of both the bronchial and the pulmonary vascular tree. PMID- 6803503 TI - Caerulein affects gonadotropin secretion in humans. PMID- 6803513 TI - Symmetric ganglionic hamartoma of hypothalamus appearing as four "mamillary" bodies. PMID- 6803508 TI - Cardiocirculatory effects of prolonged administration of isoflurane in normocarbic human volunteers. AB - Effects of the prolonged administration of isoflurane on haemodynamics were studied in 17 healthy volunteers under normocarbic conditions. The anaesthetic was administered for 90 min at a constant alveolar concentration. Cardiac index was unchanged in the presence of decrease stroke volume index and increased heart rate. The mean arterial pressure decreased with parallel reductions in total peripheral resistance. Left ventricular work decreased. The left ventricular ejection time index increased marginally but significantly. Isoflurane caused no change in the pump performance of the heart but depressed the muscle performance. PMID- 6803514 TI - Black thyroid. Morphological, biochemical and geriatric studies on the brown granules in the thyroid follicular cells. AB - An autopsy case of a 73-year-old man with "black thyroid" was reported. Investigations by light and electron microscopy and histochemical study of the black thyroid material disclosed the massive deposition brown granules in the follicular cells, to be residual bodies containing lipids. Lipids in these granules were mainly composed of phospholipid by biochemical analysis. Concerning the thyroidal function of this case the value of T4-I in the serum was within normal range (4.8-7.5 micrograms/dl) and peroxidase, NADPH-cytochrome C reductase and acid phosphatase activity in the black thyroid material revealed no significant increase or decrease, compared with other 12 autopsied cases. These granules resembled so-called lipofuscin granules, and the frequency and grade of the deposition in autopsied cases increase with aging. PMID- 6803510 TI - Oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations in anaesthetic circuits ventilated with an AGA UV 705 in an oxygen consuming model lung. AB - An oxygen consuming an carbon dioxide producing model lung was used for evaluation of anaesthetic circle systems. Two different circles, the AGA metal circle and the AGA Monosorb circle ventilated by an AGA UV-705 were tested with reference to inspired oxygen concentrations and end-tidal CO2 levels. Carbon dioxide is dependent on alveolar ventilation and CO2 production and thus was stable throughout the experiments. The oxygen concentration of inspired gas decreased progressively with decreasing fresh gas flow. When using the fresh gas inlet on the ventilator outlet block, the inspired oxygen concentration fell 8% as compared to using the fresh gas inlet in the circle. Fresh gas flows under 3 1/min should only be used with oxygen monitoring in the circle. The fresh gas inlet must be directly into the circle, and not in the ventilator outlet block, to avoid hypoxia. PMID- 6803511 TI - Effect of mannitol and furosemide on urinary fluoride excretion of surgical patients anaesthetized with enflurane or halothane. AB - Urinary excretion of fluoride after enflurane anaesthesia has been found to correlate with urinary pH, while the correlation with urinary volume has remained unsettled. We therefore studied the effect of moderate doses of mannitol and furosemide on serum fluoride levels and urinary excretion of fluoride in surgical patients after controlled doses of enflurane (6+6+6 patients) or halothane (5+5+5 patients). The highest serum fluoride level was 31 mumol/1 in an enflurane patient (enflurane dose 1.26 end-tidal vol % x h) and 8 mumol/1 in a halothane patient (halothane dose 0.59 end-tidal vol. % x h). Mannitol caused th greatest mean excretion of fluoride (not significant (n.s)) in the enflurane patients without any marked rise in urinary pH or volume. Furosemide increased urinary output markedly but did not enhance urinary fluoride excretion or raise urinary pH. Compared with the control groups of both inhalation anaesthetic patients, the diuretics appeared to have no effect on the serum fluoride levels. In the enflurane patients there was a positive correlation between the change in fluoride clearance and the change in urinary pH, but no with the change in urinary volume during the first postoperative hours. On the other hand, in the halothane patients there was a positive correlation between the change in fluoride clearance and the change in urinary volume. A possible "fluoro-uretic" action of mannitol was also seen in the halothane patients, as in the later postoperative period fluoride excretion was greatest when mannitol had been given. PMID- 6803512 TI - Localization of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hemangioblastoma: implications for stromal cell histogenesis. AB - The histogenesis of hemangioblastoma stromal cells is unresolved. Ultrastructural observations suggest that the stromal cells, endothelial cells, and pericytes that compose this neoplasm are all derived from angiogenic mesenchyme. The expression of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF), a specific marker for endothelial cells, and of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a specific marker for glial cells, was examined in 16 hemangioblastomas using the peroxidase antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Endothelial cell staining for FVIII/vWF was intense in 14 tumors, weak in one, and absent in another. There was no stromal cell staining in any of the neoplasms. Process-bearing, GFAP-positive cells were observed near the tumor margin in 13 cases, and deeper in the neoplasm in 8. In two of these tumors there were also occasional GFAP-positive cells that lacked processes and had a vacuolated cytoplasm. Virtually all of the GFAP positive cells were interpreted as trapped astrocytes rather than stromal cells. The lack of expression of FVIII/vWF by the stromal cells indicates that they are antigenically distinct from endothelial cells. Several alternatives for stromal cell histogenesis remain open. The stromal undergone antigenic loss, or from angiogenic mesenchymal cells that do not express FVIII/vWF. Alternatively, the stromal cells may originate from non-angiogenic mesenchymal cells derived from the mesoderm or neuroectoderm. PMID- 6803516 TI - Studies of foetal death and foetal weight in guinea pigs fed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB). AB - Pregnant guinea pigs were fed a total dose of 100 mg of the commercial PCB preparation Clophen A50 during days 16 to 60 of gestation. This treatment caused severe foetal, but no maternal, death. Contrarily, a total dose of 25 mg or 100 mg of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) did not cause foetal death in the guinea pig. The prenatal growth rate was increased by a total dose of 25 mg, but not by 100 mg, of HCB. PMID- 6803515 TI - [Synthesis of organic salts of primaquine and experimental observations on their radical cure activity against malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803517 TI - Long-term lithium treatment and psychological functions. AB - A group of 50 long-term lithium-treated outpatients were investigated with psychological examinations in order to study cognitive and emotional functions (memory, attention, speed, loss of effort, level of processing, productivity, and reactivity). The test results were compared with the general norms for the test applied. In average the test results were within the normal range. The inter-test variations which quantitatively and qualitatively characterize the performance of the lithium-treated patients indicate a relative lowering of the level of memory and perceptual processing as well as loss of effort when compared to the level of attention, productivity, and emotional reactivity. These findings support the hypothesis of a lithium-determined delay of the rate of information processing, a hypothesis which may be related to neuropsychological model of the level of arousal. PMID- 6803518 TI - Association between factor VIII related antigen and plasminogen activator. PMID- 6803519 TI - Glibenclamide and gliquidone in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The effect of glibenclamide and gliquidone on fasting blood glucose, 24-hour urinary glucose excretion, HbA1 concentrations and on the blood glucose and plasma insulin responses to an oral glucose load were investigated in 11 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The study was carried out as an open, ambulatory, cross-over trial during 24 weeks. After a 4-week diet period the patients were randomly allocated to treatment with either glibenclamide or gliquidone. After a 8-week period on a constant drug dose, they switched over to the corresponding dose of the other drug, each patient thus being his own control. Glibenclamide and gliquidone reduced fasting blood glucose values (p less than 0.001), diurnal urine glucose concentrations (p less than 0.001, resp. p less than 0.01) and HbA1 concentrations (p less than 0.02 resp. p less than 0.05) compared to the values in the diet period. Glibenclamide proved more effective than gliquidone in lowering fasting blood glucose concentrations (p less than 0.01), but no difference in 24-hour urine glucose and HbA1 concentrations was seen between the two drugs. Glibenclamide and gliquidone improved the glucose tolerance after an oral glucose load (p less than 0.01 resp. p less than 0.05) compared to diet values. The improved glucose tolerance during sulfonylurea treatment was, however, not associated with significant changes in insulin levels. PMID- 6803520 TI - An unusual case of myeloma. Non-secretory IgD-kappa myeloma with de differentiation of kappa myeloma evolving from solitary plasmocytoma. PMID- 6803523 TI - [Interaction of Listeria monocytogenes strains and their streptomycin-resistant mutants in cell cultures]. PMID- 6803521 TI - Antigenic characteristics of the stable protoplast type L-form of Escherichia coli W 1655 F+. PMID- 6803522 TI - [Chemical structure and fungicidal activity of N-ethyl-N'-arylthiocarbamide derivatives]. PMID- 6803524 TI - [UV irradiation of a Streptomyces aureofaciens strain and the isolation of highly active chlortetracycline mutants]. PMID- 6803525 TI - [Extracellular proteases, growth phases and sporulation in the cultivation of Bacillus mesentericus strain 76]. PMID- 6803526 TI - Oncotic therapy of experimental cerebral oedema. AB - A series of experiments were undertaken to compare oncotic gradients with osmotic gradients in the treatment of experimental cerebral oedema. Oedema was produced in dogs by a left parietal cold lesion. Animals were divided into three treatment groups. Group 1, the control animals, received intravenous crystalloid solutions after the cold lesion. Group 2 animals received mannitol, 1 gm/kg IV, one and four hours after the lesion. Group 3 animals received albumin, 1 gm/kg IV, one hour after the lesion, then a continuous albumin infusion. Serum osmotic and oncotic pressures were monitored hourly. Animals were sacrificed six hours after creation of the lesions. Effect of therapy was evaluated by determining water content of the lesion hemisphere and of the opposite hemisphere. Osmotic and oncotic pressures were changed little by the mannitol and albumin dosages employed. Water content in the areas of the cold lesions was significantly greater than that in the contralateral hemisphere in all three groups. Water content in the nonlesion hemisphere of dogs receiving albumin or mannitol was 1% less than in the control, nonlesion hemisphere, an insignificant reduction of water content. Further studies of the effects of oncotic gradients for cerebral dehydration are indicated. PMID- 6803528 TI - Epileptic seizures in the elderly: I. Aetiology and type of seizure. AB - Eighty-one elderly patients with epileptic seizures are described, of whom 60 were investigated by computed tomography. The cause was cerebrovascular disease in 44%, tumour in 12%, extracerebral in 11%, and unknown in 16%. Partial seizures were commoner in patients with tumour than with other causes. The findings are discussed in relation to other studies and to the investigation of elderly patients presenting with seizures. PMID- 6803527 TI - Enteric alimentation in specialized gastrointestinal problems: an alternative to total parenteral nutrition. AB - This review has focused on the enteric nutritional management of infants with abnormalities of volume tolerance, digestion, and/or absorption. The necessity of individually assessing the patient's needs vis-a-vis the alternatives cannot be overemphasized. In some patients, enteral feedings are precluded and IV alimentation is the only alternative. For a discussion of IV nutrition options we refer the physician to an excellent review. We also wish to emphasize that in a review of this nature we cannot discuss the relative virtues of closely related formulas. We therefore encourage the physician to obtain product handbooks from the manufacturers. PMID- 6803529 TI - Epileptic seizures in the elderly: II. Diagnostic problems. AB - Three principal diagnostic problems were encountered in a group of 81 elderly patients with epileptic seizures: Post-ictal paresis (Todd's palsy) occurred in 13 patients (16%), of whom seven had evidence of past or present cerebral infarction, and six no such evidence. The paresis lasted up to 4 days, and could be confused with recurrent infarction or a transient ischaemic episode. Ictal and post-ictal confusional states of 24 h or more duration (up to 7-8 days) were noted in 11 patients (14%). They occurred in association with normal intellectual function as well as with pre-existing dementia, and required to be distinguished from other causes of delirium. Two patients presented paroxysmal sensory phenomena of ictal type. The differential diagnosis of episodic pain in hemiplegic limbs is discussed. PMID- 6803530 TI - The importance of the production of phosphatidic acid for the release of arachidonic acid in stimulated platelets. AB - Phosphatidic acid is formed by platelets as a result of the combined activities of phospholipase C and diacylglycerol kinase. The initial thrombin-activated phospholipase C-mediated reaction is quinacrine insensitive and is followed by quinacrine-sensitive phospholipase A2 activities. The phosphatidic acid released probably results in cellular calcium gating, which, among other actions, might release arachidonic acid by activating phospholipases A2. Indeed, we have detected a phosphatidic acid-specific phospholipase A2 in platelets, which might have an important role in the liberation of arachidonic acid. PMID- 6803531 TI - Studies on topological distribution of arachidonic acid replacement in platelet phospholipids and on enzymes involved in the phospholipid effect accompanying platelet activation. AB - In this short review recent results obtained on platelet phospholipid metabolism are summarized. The first part reports a topological study of arachidonic acid (AA) replacement in platelet phospholipids. It is shown that incubation of platelets with radioactive free arachidonic acid leads to a labelling of the phospholipids present inside the platelet, whereas the exchange of intact phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecules with the plasma lipoproteins occurs on the platelet outer surface. This should allow a selective labelling of the small external pool of AA in order to follow its behaviour during platelet activation. In the second part, some enzymes involved in the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol (PI) have been further characterized. The first one is a diglyceride-lipase, which is located in the plasma membrane and releases the two fatty acids esterifying the diglycerides formed from PI by the action of the platelet phospholipase C. Such an enzyme is probably responsible for the release of AA from PI occurring upon platelet activation. On the other hand, cytosolic phospholipid exchange proteins able to catalyse the transfer of PI between membranes have been identified. The possible role of the enzymes involved in the acceleration of PI turnover occurring during platelet activation is discussed. PMID- 6803532 TI - The phospholipase A2 from human platelets. AB - Studies on a purified phospholipase A2 (PLA2) from human platelets show that the enzyme, which is copurified with the plasma membrane fraction, has a MW of approximately 50 K Dalton, requires Ca++, and has a pH optimum of 9.4. Under optimal conditions, PLA2 activity corresponds to at least 13 nmol/min/10(9) platelets. Unsaturated PL are preferred substrates and the enzyme is considerably more active on the aggregated form of the substrate than on the monomers. The specific activity is markedly affected by the quality of the interface, showing variations of more than 10-fold between different substrate forms. In the absence of detergents, a 4-fold increase in rate is observed when both products are present. Maximal rates are obtained at 20 mole percent of products to substrate. 1,2-Diglyceride and phosphatidic acid stimulate the hydrolysis of PC by the purified enzyme, however, in these forms of the substrate, neither of them are hydrolyzed. Activation of this enzyme by some intermediate of the phospholipase C pathway might play a role in the stimulus-linked release of platelet arachidonic acid. PMID- 6803536 TI - 15-Hydroxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) formation by rabbit peritoneal tissue. AB - The capacity of rabbit peritoneal tissue to produce lipoxygenase metabolites from exogenous arachidonic acid has been studied. The lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid in this tissue is mainly directed to 15-HETE. Preliminary experiments with peritoneal macrophages indicate that these cells, just like PMN leukocytes, may contribute to the 15-HETE formation observed in peritoneal tissue. PMID- 6803535 TI - Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by mouse peritoneal macrophages: the lipoxygenase metabolic pathway. AB - When resident macrophages from mice are incubated with exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids, they produce lipoxygenic metabolites. To delineate this metabolic chart we used high pressure liquid chromatography and gas chromatography prior to mass spectrometry-computer system. The lipoxygenic activity of these cells leads to many compounds. Among them we describe the monohydroxylated metabolites and vicinal hydroxyepoxyenes. In the mechanism of formation of the latter unstable cyclic precursors might occur as intermediates between hydroperoxides and them. Dihydroxy compounds could arise from hydrolysis of unstable epoxide precursor which could be the second substrate of the glutathione transferase system and could lead to thioaminolipids. PMID- 6803537 TI - Indomethacin is a competitive inhibitor of the binding of the chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, competes with the tritiated chemotactic peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) for binding to human neutrophils (PMN). This competition which occurs in the concentration range 10(-6)-10(-3) M, with an IC50 of 7 x 10(-5) M, is inversely proportional to the concentration of albumin present in the incubation medium. These data explain why indomethacin is able to inhibit, in the same concentration range and with the same IC50, many of the physiological responses of PMN elicited by the chemotactic peptide formyl-Met Leu-Phe. PMID- 6803534 TI - Release of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) and arachidonic acid metabolites from alveolar macrophages. AB - Human, monkey and rat alveolar macrophages (AM) release PAF-acether in a dose dependent fashion in the presence of 1 to 5 microgram/ml ionophore A 23187 (2.5 pmol of PAF-acether from 2.5 x 10(5) cells) but not in the presence of zymosan. Arachidonic acid (AA) metabolites released from AM from these species were studied. Thromboxane A2 TxA2) - detected by its action on rabbit arteries - was released from human, monkey and rat AM upon addition of 0.5 mM AA. This release was inhibited by aspirin and indomethacin. Lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase AA metabolites from rat AM were identified using high efficiency glass capillary column gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The cyclooxygenase metabolites PGF2 alpha, E2 and D2 and TxB2 were identified. The lipoxygenase dependent AA metabolites were explored using aspirin-pretreated AM. Only 12 HETE was found. These data indicate that AM secrete several substances with bronchoconstrictive activity: PGF2 alpha, D2, TxA2 and PAF-acether. Therefore an active role of AM in human and experimental bronchoconstriction must be considered. PMID- 6803533 TI - Platelet-activating factor (PAF) as a mediator of neutrophil-platelet interactions in inflammation. PMID- 6803539 TI - Depressed mediator release by inflammatory exudate cells in immunized rats following antigen challenge. AB - The aim of the present study was to characterize leukocytes present in a local inflammatory reaction with respect to production of prostaglandin E (PGE) and the release of factors affecting lymphocyte function, which are produced by macrophages (interleukin-1) or stimulated lymphocytes (interleukin-2). Lewis rats immunized against bovine serum albumin (BSA) were challenged by intraperitoneal injection of antigen. The PGE release by peritoneal cells (PEC) was tested in vitro and found to be enhanced in immunized rats before BSA challenge. However, PEC harvested after the injection of antigen showed a marked reduction in prostaglandin production during the first 24 hr. When these cells were tested for the secretion of lymphokines (IL-1, IL-2) the same depression was found. PMID- 6803538 TI - Macrophages from different sources, their production of chemiluminescence under various stimuli and the effects of PGE2 and drugs. AB - We are currently characterizing different macrophages sub-populations according to their release of oxygen free radicals (measured as chemiluminescence) under various stimuli and their responses to drugs and mediators. Mouse macrophages were obtained by peritoneal or lung lavage and stimulated in vitro with opsonized zymosan (OpZ) or the calcium ionophore A23187. Chemiluminescence was measured in a luminometer and responses obtained after 5 min expressed as percentages of standard responses to the stimuli. Almost identical dose-response curves to OpZ were obtained with peritoneal and alveolar macrophages, while the dose-response curve of peritoneal macrophages to A23187 was much shallower. The response to A23187 was generally much weaker than that to OpZ and in both types of macrophages PGE2 was a more effective inhibitor of OpZ-induced chemiluminescence than of that induced by A23187. The response to OpZ in peritoneal macrophages was inhibited in a dose-related manner by both PGE2 and superoxide dismutase, but not by indomethacin, d-penicillamine, piroxicam or phenylbutazone. OpZ but not A23187, is a suitable stimulus for pharmacological studies on macrophage chemiluminescence. PMID- 6803543 TI - [Apropos of a case of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis with oral manifestations]. PMID- 6803542 TI - Re-evaluation of the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on u.v. induced cutaneous inflammation. AB - The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on u.v. radiation-induced cutaneous inflammation has been re-evaluated using a model which permits simultaneous and quantitative measurement of vasodilatation, vascular permeability and oedema formation throughout the entire time course of the inflammatory reaction. Indomethacin and phenylbutazone produced a substantial reduction in u.v. erythema during the initial stages but subsequently were far less effective, although small, significant reductions were obtained. Attempts to reverse an established inflammatory response to u.v. injury also yielded small, significant reductions in erythema but vascular permeability remained unaffected. In addition, it was found that arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 selectively produced vasodilatation: the vasodilator response to arachidonic acid, but not prostaglandin E2, was greatly reduced by indomethacin. It is suggested that cyclo oxygenase derived arachidonic acid metabolites play an important role in mediating u.v. erythema only during the initial period. PMID- 6803540 TI - Binding of bovine factor VIII-coated colloidal gold particles to receptors on platelet membranes. AB - Bovine factor VIII/platelet aggregating factor was adsorbed into gold granules and the protein-gold complex added to either formalin-fixed or fresh washed human platelets. Following aggregation, binding of gold granules to the platelets was measured by monitoring the optical density of colloidal gold remaining in the supernatant. Scatchard analysis of binding data indicated that multiple classes of binding sites were present. The number of high affinity binding sites per formalin-fixed platelet depended on the concentration of ristocetin: 420 gold granules were calculated to bind at 1.4 mg/ml of ristocetin, 610 at 0.6 mg/ml of ristocetin and 875 when no ristocetin was added. Fresh washed platelets bound 1350 granules per cell in the absence of ristocetin. We conclude that during platelet aggregation, induced by bovine factor VIII, the binding sites on the platelet surface are only partially occupied. PMID- 6803541 TI - Involvement of diamine oxidase in catabolism of 14C-putrescine in mice in vivo with special reference to the formation of gamma-aminobutyric acid. AB - Tissues of mice killed 2.5 or 30 min after injection of 14C-putrescine, contained 14C-gamma-aminobutyric acid, an unidentified 14C-compound, and unchanged 14C putrescine. In mice pretreated with aminoguanidine, a powerful inhibitor of diamine oxidase, and then with 14C-putrescine, tissue levels of the radioactive catabolites, gamma-aminobutyric acid and the unidentified compound were markedly reduced. The data suggest that diamine oxidase is involved in the first step of putrescine metabolism and that intestine is the main site for this step. This and other aspects of putrescine metabolism are discussed. PMID- 6803544 TI - Diagnostic imaging of the neonatal brain: review and protocol. PMID- 6803545 TI - Epileptogenic effects of radiographic contrast agents: experimental study. AB - Electrical activity in cells directly exposed to water-soluble radiographic contrast agents was investigated by intracellular recordings from neurons of the abdominal ganglia of Aplysia. Measurements of membrane resting potential, membrane conductance, synaptic and action potential configuration, and spontaneous electrical activity were performed. Test solutions included sodium diatrizoate, meglumine iothalamate, metrizamide, and control solutions. Solutions (100 and 200 mOsm) of these agents did not significantly alter resting membrane potential, membrane conductance, action potential frequency or configuration, or excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials were suppressed by contrast agents. These results suggest that contrast agents affect at least some neurons by disinhibition. PMID- 6803546 TI - Experimental production of arachnoiditis with glove powder contamination during myelography. AB - Adhesive spinal arachnoiditis is a rare condition of several causes, including complications of myelography. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of surgical glove powder contamination in the cerebrospinal fluid. The subarachnoid space of 45 rabbits was injected with either a suspension of powder from sterile surgical gloves, Pantopaque (iophendylate), or a combination of the two agents. Mild to severe arachnoiditis was produced in 10 of 17 animals injected with the combination of powder and Pantopaque. Only two of 16 rabbits injected with glove powder and one of nine with Pantopaque had more than minimal changes of arachnoiditis. Three rabbits (two injected with glove powder alone and one with both agents) died of meningitis within 1 week of injection. The combination of glove powder and Pantopaque is synergistic in producing arachnoiditis. These results emphasize the importance of meticulous technique in myelography. PMID- 6803547 TI - Dense cystic craniopharyngiomas. AB - Characteristic computed tomographic (CT) findings of craniopharyngioma include calcification, contrast enhancement, and cyst formation. Sharp margins associated with a hypodense centrum usually characterize the CT appearance of a cystic tumor. The appearance of "dense" cysts in craniopharyngiomas has not been emphasized. Four cases of craniopharyngiomas with isodense to hyperdense cysts are reported. Comparative biochemical and in vitro CT analysis of cyst aspirates taken from these lesions demonstrate that high intracystic protein concentration accounts for the greater part of the hyperdensity. Various mechanisms for intracystic protein accumulation are discussed. Lesion characteristics, and not necessarily attenuation coefficients, are stressed in differentiating "dense" cystic from solid craniopharyngiomas. PMID- 6803548 TI - CT of parotid tumors. AB - Computed tomographic (CT) appearances of 18 surgically proven parotid tumors were studied. Digital radiography (GE, ScoutView) was performed to select the desired gantry angulations and then plain CT and CT combined with sialography were performed. Plain CT clearly showed parotid tumors in nine of the patients. CT combined with sialography was more helpful than plain CT for delineating the tumors in the other patients who had either tumors in high-density parotid glands for tumors low density. CT allows more accurate evaluation of tumor location and extent in the parotid gland than any other method and helps distinguish malignant from benign lesions. The normal CT appearances of the parotid region are necessary for precise interpretation of CT images in this region. PMID- 6803549 TI - Additional defect of unknown origin noted in cerebral angiographic study. PMID- 6803553 TI - CT diagnosis of spinal epidural hematoma. PMID- 6803552 TI - CT recognition of optic nerve sheath meningioma: abnormal sheath visualization. AB - Optic nerve sheath meningiomas and optic nerve gliomas can be difficult to differentiate by computed tomography (CT). Three patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas were studied with a CT/T 8800 scanner with 1.5-mm-thick axial sections and intravenous contrast material. In each case, an abnormal optic nerve sheath was identified by CT. A soft-tissue mass arose from one side of the sheath in one patient, and the entire sheath was enlarged in two patients. This provides a basis for distinguishing optic nerve sheath meningioma from optic nerve glioma. PMID- 6803551 TI - Preoperative embolization of hypervascular head and neck neoplasms using microfibrillar collagen. AB - Microfibrillar collagen is a bovine collagen material that promotes hemostasis. When mixed with contrast material it makes a fine slurry that is easily injected through small catheters. Experience with preoperative embolization of head and neck neoplasms in six patients indicates that microfibrillar collagen slurry is a highly effective, easy to use embolic material for occlusion of highly vascular neoplasms. PMID- 6803550 TI - Computed tomography in acute posterior fossa infarcts. AB - Thirty-one cases of acute posterior fossa infarcts are reported. CT evidence of obliterated posterior fossa cisterns and hydrocephalus indicates a grave prognosis due to brainstem compression. Progressive obliteration of posterior fossa cisterns may be used as an indicator for surgical decompression. Patients with intact posterior fossa cisterns had good recoveries without surgical treatment. CT can be used to diagnose the very early phase of an acute posterior fossa infarct and has prognostic value in predicting the outcome. PMID- 6803554 TI - Vascular involvement in cranial hyperostosis. PMID- 6803555 TI - Unilateral mastoid hypertrophy. PMID- 6803556 TI - Effects of beta-adrenergic blockade with pindolol versus placebo in coronary patients with stable angina pectoris. AB - The effect of pindolol, a new beta-blocking agent, was evaluated in 12 patients with proven coronary disease (CAD) and angina pectoris. Evaluation was done using a double-blind crossover technique comparing pindolol at both 15 mg/day and 30 mg/day to placebo. Compared with placebo, pindolol slightly decreased the number of anginal episodes and nitroglycerin pills consumed while showing evidence of beta blockade during exercise. However, we could not demonstrate any effect on exercise endurance on the treadmill at either dose. Pindolol shows a modest beneficial effect on ischemic manifestations in CAD patients with angina pectoris. PMID- 6803557 TI - An interview with FDA commissioner Hayes. PMID- 6803558 TI - How to plan for cost effective continuing education. PMID- 6803559 TI - Tax deductions allowed for CE. PMID- 6803560 TI - Modification of arterial baroreflexes by captopril in essential hypertension. AB - Captopril lowers blood pressure without increasing heart rate and plasma norepinephrine, which suggests that this drug may potentiate arterial baroreflexes. In eight subjects with untreated essential hypertension, blood pressure was monitored intraarterially and the effects of baroreceptor stimulation or deactivation were assessed by measuring (1) the slopes of the relations between increase or reduction in systolic pressure (intravenous phenylephrine or nitroglycerin) and the resulting lengthening or shortening in R R interval, and (2) the increase or decrease in mean arterial pressure induced by increasing and decreasing carotid transmural pressure (neck chamber). The measurements were made before and after a hypotensive oral dose of captopril (50 mg). Before captopril, the slopes of the R-R interval changes with increase and reduction in systolic pressure were 8 and 4 ms/mm Hg, respectively. The slopes of the mean arterial pressure changes with increase and reduction in carotid transmural pressure were 0.51 and 0.40 mm Hg, respectively. After captopril, the responses to baroreceptor stimulation were unaltered but those to baroreceptor deactivation were augmented. The pressor and heart rate responses to hand-grip and cold exposure were unchanged by captopril. Administration of captopril is accompanied by a baroreflex potentiation which involves the lower portion of the stimulus-response curve of the reflex. This phenomenon (which may originate at the afferent baroreceptor fibers or centrally) may avoid a reduction in the tonic baroreflex influence during captopril-induced hypotension, thus contributing to the hemodynamic effects of the drug. PMID- 6803561 TI - Long-term efficacy of captopril in renovascular and essential hypertension. AB - Captopril was used in primary and long-term treatment of 40 treatment-resistant hypertensive patients. Of these, 21 had renovascular hypertension, seven unilateral and fourteen bilateral, and 19 had essential hypertension, 10 with high-renin and 9 with normal-renin profiles. All patients were off treatment when started on captopril therapy and were treated for at least 12 months, on the average for more than 2 years. The strategy of systematic drug withdrawal used to find the lowest effective dose of captopril led to average doses of 150 to 300 mg/day. A diuretic agent was added in 17 of the 40 patients when diastolic pressure remained greater than 105 mm Hg and a beta-adrenergic blocking agent was added for tachycardia or additional pressure control in 16 patients. Captopril alone was effective in 14 of the 40 patients. In all groups, mean supine and standing blood pressure levels were maintained at less than 140/90 mm Hg without evidence of decreased effectiveness over time. Control and treatment systolic pressures were higher in patients older than 50 years. For patients of all ages, systolic but not diastolic pressure during captopril treatment was higher in the supine position than standing. Plasma renin activity remained significantly elevated over time and aldosterone excretion usually decreased despite concurrent diuretic therapy. Captopril alone or in combination with a diuretic or beta adrenergic blocking agent is effective in long-term treatment of drug-resistant renovascular and essential hypertension. PMID- 6803562 TI - Hemodynamic effects of captopril in essential hypertension, renovascular hypertension and cardiac failure: correlations with short- and long-term effects on plasma renin. PMID- 6803563 TI - Long-term control of congestive heart failure with captopril. AB - The long-term effects of captopril therapy were assessed by sequential hemodynamic studies over a 6 month period in 19 patients with resistant congestive heart failure. Initial improvement during the first week of therapy was noted only in 11 and was marked by significant (p less than 0.005) increases in cardiac output and stroke volume, slowing of heart rate, and reduction of total peripheral resistance. Of the remaining eight patients, seven improved subsequently with maintained therapy so that by the end of 3 months of treatment only one patient failed to respond significantly. The hemodynamic index that reflected response most consistently was the shortening in pulmonary mean transit time. Simultaneously with clinical improvement there was a reduction in cardiopulmonary volume that reflected a reduction in pulmonary congestion and probably systemic vasodilation. Associated with these hemodynamic changes there was an increase in plasma renin activity and a significant reduction in plasma aldosterone, but these changes did not differ significantly between patients who responded markedly and those who responded moderately to converting enzyme inhibition. These results suggest that the response of congestive heart failure to captopril can occur gradually. Improvement was related to peripheral hemodynamic changes which led to a reduction in both total peripheral resistance and cardiopulmonary volume. The reduction in the plasma aldosterone/renin activity ratio was an effective marker of compliance. PMID- 6803565 TI - Pharmacokinetic properties of captopril after acute and chronic administration to hypertensive subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetic properties of captopril were studied in two groups of hypertensive patients; (1) those who had never taken captopril (acute group), and (2) those who had been taking captopril for at least 6 months (chronic group). It was found that after 100 mg of captopril orally, the mean peak plasma level in the chronic group was three times higher than that in the acute group while the area under the curve was twice as high in the chronic group. These data suggest that bioavailability increases with chronic administration, and thus it may be possible to reduce the dosage of captopril and still maintain blood pressure control while reducing side effects. PMID- 6803566 TI - Captopril in the long-term treatment of essential hypertension: changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. AB - We investigated changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in seven patients with essential hypertension during treatment with captopril (SQ 14225) (300 to 450 mg/day) for 12 months. While blood pressure decreased, the plasma renin concentration increased to 700 percent of the initial value (6.1 +/- 2.5 ng angiotensin l/ml . h) and angiotensin I increased to about 300 percent of the basal value (179 +/- 32 pg/ml). Converting enzyme inhibition resulted in a 30 percent decrease in plasma angiotension II levels from a basal level of 66 +/- 21 pg/ml. Plasma aldosterone decreased 52 percent from 63 +/- 13 pg/ml initially. These changes in hormone levels were maintained throughout the study. There was no significant change in serum sodium and serum potassium concentration. PMID- 6803564 TI - Hemodynamic and hormonal responses during captopril therapy for heart failure: acute, chronic and withdrawal studies. AB - The hemodynamic and hormonal responses to acute and chronic captopril therapy and to its temporary withdrawal were studied in seven patients with congestive heart failure. Maximal hemodynamic and hormonal effects were reached with 25 to 50 mg doses of captopril. Since plasma angiotensin II levels were significantly higher 6 1/2 hours than 1 hour after administration of captopril, the drug should be given not less often than three times daily. No evidence of hormonal "escape" during long-term (mean 4 1/2 months) captopril therapy was observed, and initial hemodynamic responses were well maintained. Cessation of captopril administration resulted in abrupt increases in circulating angiotensin II levels, in arterial pressure, and in both pulse rate and plasma norepinephrine, but no decrease in cardiac function in the short-term was detected. PMID- 6803567 TI - Gastrointestinal response to oral versus gastric feeding of defined formula diets. AB - The gastrointestinal response in rats nourished by continuous intragastric infusion of a variety of defined formula diets was compared with animals consuming the same diets orally. Two groups of rats were fed isocaloric amounts of DFD (73 kcal/day); group 1: sham-operated, orally-fed; group 2: operated, intragastrically-fed. Diets included; Vivonex (V), Flexical (F), Vital, Vivonex high nitrogen, and a control casein rat liquid formula diet (C). After 2 wk rats were killed and the liver, pancreas, and small bowel removed. The bowel was divided into eight equal segments. Mucosal weight, DNA, and protein concentration per cm segment were measured Pancreatic amylase activity (units/g), and liver weight and lipid content were measured. Weight gain was comparable in all oral fed groups, but was decreased in all gastric-fed animals compared to the oral-fed group. Nitrogen retention was not influenced by route of feeding but was significantly lower for Vivonex and Flexical animals (p less than 0.01) in both oral-fed and gastric-fed groups. There was significant accumulation of lipid in the liver of both oral-fed and gastric-fed animals sustained on Vivonex and Vivonex high nitrogen (p less than 0.01). Most proximal intestinal segment weight and mucosal weight, protein and DNA were decreased compared to the control diet in both oral-fed and gastric-fed animals. These studies demonstrate that while the gastrointestinal response to isocaloric defined formula diets was significantly influenced by the specific diet, fewer responses were modified by feeding defined formula diets orally versus gastrically. PMID- 6803568 TI - Effect of varying energy and protein intakes on some biochemical parameters of protein metabolism. AB - Three biochemical parameters of protein metabolism, i.e., urea index, urinary 3 methyl histidine, and urinary hydroxyproline, were studied in preschool children fed varying levels of protein and energy. The effect of varying protein and energy intakes on urinary 3-methyl histidine was also studied in adults. Varying protein and energy intakes had no significant effect on urea index and urinary 3 methyl histidine excretion as long as positive nitrogen balance was maintained. However, these two parameters decreased only when intakes of protein and energy were below maintenance levels, which resulted in a negative nitrogen balance. Urea index and urinary 3-methyl histidine excretion can be used therefore as an index to identify those malnourished children whose protein and/or energy intakes are grossly inadequate, resulting in negative nitrogen balance. Hydroxyproline excretion was responsive to alterations in protein intakes rather than to changes in energy intakes and the alteration in its excretion was small for large changes in protein intakes. PMID- 6803569 TI - Hypothesis: leukocyte endogenous mediator/endogenous pyrogen/lymphocyte activating factor modulates the development of nonspecific and specific immunity and affects nutritional status. AB - We postulate that leukocyte endogenous mediator/endogenous pyrogen/lymphocyte activating factor (LEM/EP/LAF) integrates the host's nonspecific and specific immune responses to infection by virtue of the panoply of physiological and metabolic activities it is capable of eliciting. The alterations in systemic metabolism modulated by LEM/EP/LAF, although apparently of value to the host in the defense against infection and the repair of tissue damage, result in negative nutrient balances. Severe infections, alone or in conjunction with injury, may result in malnutrition unless the patient is adequately nourished. Preexisting nutritional deficits can compromise host resistance to infection, in part by preventing production of LEM/EP/LAF. Additional studies of the sequelae of LEM/EP/LAF action and effects of nutrition on host resistance to infection appear warranted. PMID- 6803570 TI - Prekallikrein inhibition associated with the lupus anticoagulant: a mechanism of thrombosis. AB - The lupus anticoagulant was identified in three patients. Laboratory studies gave evidence of inhibitory activity directed against phospholipid and prekallikrein. Inhibition of prekallikrein has not been reported previously. When exposed to kaolin, all three patients' plasmas failed to develop the level of fibrinolytic activity achieved by similarly treated normal plasma. The data suggest that compromised fibrinolytic capacity may be a contributing factor in the development of thrombosis in patients with the lupus anticoagulant. PMID- 6803573 TI - Total parenteral alimentation and cholestasis. PMID- 6803571 TI - Creatine kinase in a biochemical test panel: the high cost of a seemingly inexpensive test. AB - Analysis of cost-effectiveness of a laboratory test requires not only calculating the cost of doing the test in the laboratory, but also determining the clinical effectiveness of the data produced. In this hospital, creatine kinase (CK) is available only as part of a 19-test panel. The cost per CK result was $0.64, based on cost of material and labor used exclusively for CK. To evaluate the yield from CK as a screening test, 252 patients were investigated with CK greater than 200 U/l on a biochemical panel within 24 hours of admission. The authors found no instance of a new diagnosis established because of the initially elevated CK. To complete the analysis of cost-effectiveness, the authors estimated the daily workload for CK tests needed for diagnostic purposes. Of the 600 CK tests done daily as part of biochemical panels, no more than 40 were clinically necessary. The true cost for a useful CK test was $9.60--15 times higher than the apparent cost of $0.64. PMID- 6803576 TI - Interferences of mannitol with phosphate determination. AB - Methods commonly used for serum phosphate analysis depend upon the combination of inorganic phosphorus with molybdate and subsequent quantitation of the resultant phosphomolybdate by spectrophotometry. This is a case report of mannitol interference with phosphate quantitation by a method not employing dialysis (DuPont ACA) but not with another method which includes a dialysis step (Technicon SMAC). This interference, occurring at an extremely high level of serum mannitol (3.5 g/dl) in a patient with acute renal failure, appears to be due to direct inhibition of the formation of the phosphomolybdate complex by mannitol. PMID- 6803572 TI - Partial thromboplastin time in the presence of heparin: a rapid polybrene neutralization method. AB - The detection of heparin in plasma and its neutralization to permit assessment of the prolonged partial thromboplastin time is a constant need in the clinical laboratory. A rapid, simple method which utilizes Polybrene after the initial contact activation step is described and compared to the standard neutralization procedures. The present method has the advantage of not requiring Polybrene titration and of requiring only small volumes of plasma making it particularly valuable in pediatric patients. PMID- 6803575 TI - DIG-ELISA for the serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. AB - A new serologic method, diffusion in gel-enzyme-linked immunoassay (DIG-ELISA) is described and compared with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) for the serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. The results demonstrate that DIG-ELISA is a viable alternative to IFA and IHA because of its simplicity, economy, versatility, and potential for standardization. PMID- 6803578 TI - Diagnostic significance of edetate disodium calcium testing in children with increased lead absorption. AB - Conventional screening tests (blood lead and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels) may not accurately reflect the magnitude of lead storage in children with mild to moderate increases in lead absorption, as assessed by edetate disodium calcium testing. Children with blood lead levels higher than 30 micrograms/dL and erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels higher than 50 micrograms/dL warrant careful measurement of the size of chelatable, potentially toxic lead stores. Edetate disodium calcium testing provides a more precise basis for therapeutic decisions in a child with mild to moderate increases in lead absorption. PMID- 6803577 TI - Fatal Streptococcus MG-intermedius (Streptococcus milleri) meningitis in an adult. AB - A case of purulent meningitis in an adult caused by Streptococcus MG-intermedius, also known as Streptococcus milleri, is described. The intriguing taxonomical history of this organism and its association with mycoplasma pneumoniae pulmonary infections is reviewed. The incidence of central nervous system infections due to this organism is also discussed. PMID- 6803580 TI - Later growth of malnourished infants and children. Comparison with 'healthy' siblings and parents. AB - Growth was evaluated in 144 boys and 71 girls hospitalized for malnutrition from 1961 through 1971 at mean ages of 13.1 and 10.7 months, respectively. During the period 1961 through 1966, ex-patients were measured at irregular intervals, while from 1966 through 1976, ex-patients and siblings were measured yearly. Average follow-up was seven years. Female ex-patients were 2.0 cm shorter than boys at 1 year and 7.0 cm taller at 13 years; their better growth was possibly due to earlier hospitalization, more adoptions, and renewed pubertal "catch-up." Ex patents were compared with siblings at the same age; girls apparently caught up with sisters during puberty and both matched or exceeded maternal heights, while boys lagged behind brothers. Stunting, usually reported after severe infant malnutrition, seems more the result of continued poor environment and diet than of a limited episode of marasmus or kwashiorkor. PMID- 6803574 TI - Comparison of methods for the immunological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens using commercially-obtained reagents. AB - Neither an immunofluorescent nor a co-agglutination method was adequately sensitive for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae when commercially-obtained reagents were used to test oxidase positive organisms taken directly from Transgrow medium. The sensitivity of co-agglutination, the better of the two methods, was improved from 83% to 96% when organisms were subcultured for colony isolation prior to identification. False positive results were obtained with both methods. PMID- 6803581 TI - A benefit-cost analysis of mumps vaccine. AB - Applying benefit-cost analysis, we determined the savings in morbidity, mortality, and costs of mumps vaccination in the United States. Using reported mumps incidence rates in a model cohort of 1 million persons followed up for 30 years, mumps vaccination would prevent more than 74,000 cases of mumps and three deaths. Approximating the actual incidence rate of mumps, by assuming that 90% of people are infected by age 30 and 60% of these have had clinical illness, mumps vaccination would prevent more than 540,000 cases of mumps and 23 deaths. A mumps vaccination program, in which mumps was given as part of a measles-mumps-rubella combination, would reduce costs associated with mumps by more than 86%, with a benefit-cost ratio of 7.4:1, using reported incidence rates. The program has a benefit-cost ratio of 39:1 when approximations of actual mumps incidence are used in the analysis. Mumps vaccination is highly cost beneficial. PMID- 6803582 TI - Methane deaths? Was it the cause? AB - In the routine performance of their jobs, three men consecutively descended into an open drainage pit to recover a fallen grate lid. Each man, in turn, was immediately overcome and died within minutes of his descent. Initial analysis of the pit's air indicated a methane level of 15%. Therefore, it was initially assumed that death was attributable to methane poisoning. Postmortem analysis of the victims' tissues, however, yielded methane levels in only faint trace quantities (0-100 mcg/100 g range). Analysis of air samples taken at various pit levels revealed that as one descended, there was a decrease in oxygen levels, from 20% at the top to 3% at the bottom. CO2 levels, however, increased from the top of the pit, and reached a level of 22% at the 6-ft. depth of the pit. The accepted lethal level is only 10%. The cause originally attributed to these deaths was shown to be in error. This paper demonstrates the importance of proper investigation of the "scene of occurrence" in order to properly certify the cause of death. PMID- 6803583 TI - Sudden reversal of renal failure after take-down of a jejunoileal bypass. Report of a case involving hemorrhagic proctocolitis, and renal and hepatic failure late after jejunoileal bypass for obesity. AB - Hepatic and renal failure developed in association with severe enteritis and hemorrhagic proctocolitis in a patient who had had a jejunoileal bypass 8 yr previously for morbid obesity. Parenteral antibiotic treatment abolished the systemic manifestations of the enteritis, but did not change the course of the hepatic and renal failure, and prolonged hemodialysis was necessary. Liver function improved in response to hyperalimentation. Take-down of the jejunoileal bypass resulted in immediate improvement of renal function, and hemodialysis could be discontinued. Although there is no direct evidence supporting this theory, the course of this patient suggested that the renal failure was functional in origin, and was caused by a toxin generated as a result of the intestinal bypass. We suspect that the toxin originated from bacteria within the blind bowel loop. Its delivery to the renal circulation was probably facilitated by increased absorption from the ulcerated large intestine and by impaired clearance by the diseased liver. When the bacterial flora were returned toward normal by take-down of the bypassed intestine, the quantity of circulating toxins probably decreased, which allowed renal function to improve. PMID- 6803584 TI - Gallstone dissolution in the biliary tract: in vitro investigations on inhibiting factors and special dissolution agents. AB - Investigations of four bile duct stones demonstrated that the distribution of organic compounds, pigments, and crystalline calcium salts as well as the stone architecture can prevent dissolution with perfusion therapy. We describe perfusion media that will dissolve or disaggregate the substances mentioned in vitro. Isolated organic compounds, probably mucoproteins, could be disaggregated with a SH-activated enzyme-containing bile salt-EDTA-solution (BA-EDTA) at pH 6.5 8.2. After admixture of 5-10% glyceryl-1-monooctanoin-carnosine to the BA-EDTA solution a mucoprotein-rich pigment concrement (calcium-bilirubinate stone) was completely disaggregated and the calcium and pigment portion was dissolved within 36 h. Alternating administration of an enzyme-free BA-EDTA solution with glyceryl 1-monooctanoin-carnosine resulted in accelerated dissolution of a pigment containing cholesterol stone compared to CApmul 8210. These perfusion media have been successfully used in patients. Factors limiting stone dissolution remain stone architecture, crystalline carbonic occlusions in high concentration, and the topography of the biliary tree. PMID- 6803585 TI - Nutritional management of chronic renal failure. PMID- 6803579 TI - Growth curves for height for diastrophic dysplasia, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, and pseudoachondroplasia. AB - Analysis of retrospective growth data from 72 patients with diastrophic dysplasia, 62 patients with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita and 61 patients with pseudoachondroplasia permitted the establishment of preliminary reference growth standards for height for each disorder. In addition, a comparison of mean height curves for these three disorders and achondroplasia revealed dissimilarities in growth patterns. PMID- 6803587 TI - Problems with administration devices for commercially available nitroglycerin injection. PMID- 6803588 TI - Stability of cimetidine hydrochloride in parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 6803586 TI - Mapping of aminoacylase-1 and beta-galactosidase-A to homologous regions of human chromosome 3 and mouse chromosome 9 suggests location of additional genes. AB - Conserved linkage groups have been found on the X and autosomal chromosomes in several mammalian species. The identification of conserved chromosomal regions has potential for predicting gene location in mammals, particularly in humans. The genes for human aminoacylase-1 (ACY1, N-acylamino acid aminohydrolase, E.C.3.5.1.14), an enzyme in amino acid metabolism, and beta-galactosidase-A (GLB1, E.C.3.2.1.23), deficient in GM1-gangliosidosis, have been assigned to human chromosome 3. Using human-mouse somatic cell hybrids segregating translocations of human chromosome 3, expression of both ACY1 and GLB1 correlated with the presence of the p21 leads to q21 region of chromosome 3. In a previous study, assignment of these genes to mouse chromosome 9 used mouse-Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids, eliminating mouse chromosomes. To approximate the size of the conserved region in the mouse, experiments were performed with recombinant inbred mouse strains. An electrophoretic variant of ACY-1 in mouse strains was used to map the Acy-1 gene 10.7 map U from the beta-galactosidase locus. These data suggest that there is a region of homology within the p21 leads to q21 region of human chromosome 3 and a segment of mouse chromosome 9. Since the mouse transferrin gene (Trf) is closely linked to the aminoacylase and beta galactosidase loci, we predict that the human transferrin (TF) gene is on chromosome 3. PMID- 6803590 TI - Comparison of a rapid micromedia method to cystine trypticase agar (CTA) and fluorescent methods for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria. AB - A four-hour micromedia method which detects enzymes formed by bacteria for the degradion of carbohydrates was compared to the utilization of carbohydrates was compared to the utilization of carbohydrates in cystine tyrpticase agar (CTA) for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. This rapid micromedia method (RMM) correlated 100% with the utilization of carbohydrates in CTA. Identification of N. gonorrhoeae by RMM was compared to the identification achieved by a commercially available coagglutination method and a fluorescent antibody (FA) technique. Of 144 isolates identified as N. gonorrhoeae by RMM, 122 (84.7%) were identified by coagglutination and 141 (97.9%) were identified by FA as N. gonorrhoeae. Five (13%) of 40 isolates identified as N. meningitidis by RMM were identified as N. gonorrhoeae by coagglutination while eleven (28%) were identified as N. gonorrhoeae by the FA technique. One (14%) and four (57%) of seven isolates identified as Neisseria species were identified as N. gonorrhoeae by coagglutination and the FA technique respectively. The rapid micromedia method was found to be a quick, sensitive, specific and economic way of identifying N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. PMID- 6803589 TI - Extent of analyst bias in drug-assay results. PMID- 6803591 TI - Dilemmas in practice. Questioning TPN as the answer. PMID- 6803592 TI - Hypoalbuminemia: the etiology of antenatally diagnosed pericardial effusion in rhesus-hemolytic anemia. PMID- 6803593 TI - Laser therapy of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia. PMID- 6803594 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: an ecologic imbalance within the genital microflora of women? AB - Epidemiologic data suggested that toxic shock syndrome (TSS) may be caused by an imbalance among the flora of the female genital tract. Since natural defense mechanisms often involve antagonistic interactions between the flora and potential pathogens, the ability of genital lactobacilli to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus was determined in agar overlay assays. Lactobacilli were chosen for study because previous investigations had suggested an important role for this genus in maintenance of health of the female genital tract. Fourteen of 50 strains of lactobacilli and Lactinex inhibited the growth of certain staphylococci, including strains from cases of TSS. The inhibitory activity of some lactobacilli was variable and could be enhanced by exogenously supplied substrates. Growth of one consistently inhibitory lactobacillus was inhibited by Staphylococcus aureus. A model for the etiology of toxic shock syndrome in menstruating women is proposed. The model includes antagonistic interactions between lactobacilli and staphylococci and the influence of tampons on these interactions to favor the staphylococcus. PMID- 6803595 TI - Noninfectious ring-shaped keratitis associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Ring-shaped keratitis appeared in the left eye of a 37-year-old woman who had worn soft contact lenses for more than five years. The corneal ring began to appear within seven days of a central corneal abrasion. Gram staining of the patient's contact lens cleaning solution showed many gram-negative rods, and microbiologic investigations of the patient's soft contact lens and contact lens case disclosed Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of an infectious process. Prompt treatment with polymyxin B-bacitracin ointment and prednisolone acetate 1% eyedrops led to resolution of the opacity and a return to the patient's normal visual acuity. The P. aeruginosa endotoxin may have been transferred through the epithelial break into the superficial corneal stroma, leading to ring formation via endotoxin-initiated, properdin mediated, antibody-independent complement activation. PMID- 6803596 TI - The effect of ophthalmic preservatives on the healing rate of the rabbit corneal epithelium after keratectomy. AB - Most ophthalmic preparations contain preservatives. Some are toxic to healthy corneal epithelium or retard healing of corneas from which part or all of the epithelium has been removed leaving an intact basement membrane. In this paper, the effect of commonly used concentrations of benzalkonium chloride (BAC), thimerosal, and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) upon the healing of rabbit corneas after partial lamellar keratectomy is investigated. This model has not been used previously for a study of preservative toxicity. Thimerosal (0.004%), BAC (0.01%), or EDTA (0.1%) applied four times per day had no significant effect on the corneal healing or epithelial migration rates. A slight retardation occurred when BAC (0.01%) and EDTA (0.1%) were used together, while healing failed to occur as long as benzalkonium chloride (0.02%) was administered. PMID- 6803598 TI - Grand mal seizures induced by maprotiline. PMID- 6803599 TI - Measurement of lithium concentrations in human tears. PMID- 6803597 TI - Growth hormone levels and lithium ratios as predictors of success of lithium therapy in schizophrenia. AB - The authors previously found a high correlation between lithium response and clinical diagnostic criteria in a subgroup of schizophrenic-like patients who responded favorably to lithium therapy. In the present study the authors extend this research by using biological markers to predict and identify such patients. They examined growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine administration and the in vitro lithium ratio in 31 patients before and after a 2-week lithium trial. Peak GH levels (greater than or equal to 20 ng/ml) and lithium ratios (greater than or equal to .39) were correlated with a positive response to lithium therapy. The authors discuss 1) the use of these two biological markers to predict the success of lithium therapy in schizophrenia and 2) biological abnormalities characteristic of lithium-responsive schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6803601 TI - The value of human life revisited. PMID- 6803600 TI - Levels of red blood cell choline after discontinuation of lithium therapy. PMID- 6803602 TI - The economic value of life: linking theory to practice. AB - Human capital estimates of the economic value of life have been routinely used in the past to perform cost-benefit analyses of health programs. Recently, however, serious questions have been raised concerning the conceptual basis for valuing human life by applying these estimates. Most economists writing on these issues tend to agree that a more conceptually correct method to value risks to human life in cost-benefit analyses would be based on individuals.' "willingness to pay" for small changes in their probability of survival. Attempts to implement the willingness-to-pay approach using survey responses or revealed-preference estimates have produced a confusing array of values fraught with statistical problems and measurement difficulties. As a result, economists have searched for a link between willingness to pay and standard human capital estimates and have found that for most individuals a lower bound for valuing risks to life can be based on their willingness to pay to avoid the expected economic losses associated with death. However, while these studies provide support for using individual's private valuation of forgone income in valuing risks to life, it is also clear that standard human capital estimates cannot be used for this purpose without reformulation. After reviewing the major approaches to valuing risks to life, this paper concludes that estimates based on the human capital approach- reformulated using a willingness-to-pay criterion--produce the only clear, consistent, and objective values for use in cost-benefit analyses of policies affecting risks to life. The paper presents the first empirical estimates of such adjusted willingness-to-pay/human capital values. PMID- 6803603 TI - Long-term care criteria and standards agreement with professional placement determination. AB - The decisions made by physician-nurse teams and individual nurse-evaluators following examination of long-term care patients are compared with the results of placement assignment of the same patients obtained by using the New York State Patient Assessment Form (DMS-1), predictor scores, and numerical standard. The descriptors, when applied to long-term care patients and weighted according to intensity, were capable of matching the best judgment of these professionals with a 90 per cent concurrence. PMID- 6803605 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in children: a limited role. PMID- 6803606 TI - [Fentanyl pharmacokinetics and postoperative respiratory depression (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803604 TI - Interaction of Salmonella paratyphi A and Schistosoma mansoni in hamsters. AB - It has previously been shown that Salmonella paratyphi A associates with adult Schistosoma mansoni worms in animal models and in patients with schistosomiasis, resulting in Salmonella infections that are difficult to manage unless the helminthic parasite is eliminated. In the present study, characteristics of this association were explored. In vitro, fresh serum, but not heat-inactivated (56 degree C, 30 minutes) serum, from normal hamsters (NH) and schistosome-infected hamsters (SIH) equally inhibited bacterial growth. When either group of animals was given S. paratyphi A intracardially, there was a decline in recoverable bacteria in the blood for 3 days, but after the third day, the number of bacteria increased in SIH whereas NH blood became sterile. Co-cultivation of S. paratyphi A in Earle's medium with live worms yielded more bacterial growth than occurred in the medium without worms, suggesting that nutritional factors are involved in the relationship. An intimate association in vivo of bacteria and trematodes was confirmed by culturing Salmonella from both worm surfaces and homogenized worms, with more bacteria being recovered from female worms. Although the bacterial infection induced a significant hepatic shift of adult worms in SIH, oogram analyses were normal and no lethal effect of bacteria on worms was noted. PMID- 6803609 TI - A sensitive lipoxygenase assay based on chemiluminescence. PMID- 6803608 TI - High-resolution electrophoresis of urinary glycosaminoglycans: an improved screening test for the mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 6803607 TI - [Haemodynamic and cardiac and respiratory changes during enflurane monoanaesthesia in the Gottingen minipig (author's transl)]. AB - Two groups of 10 Gottingen minipigs each were anaesthetized with enflurane in a mixture of O2 and N2O for 90 minutes. One group breathed spontaneously. In the other controlled respiration was used following relaxation with succinylcholine chloride. Control values of ECG, blood pressure, aortic blood flow, arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions, arterial pH, the maximum rate of rise of the left ventricular pressure (max. dp/dt) were recorded from all animals. Anaesthesia was induced with enflurane using a face mask. On reaching the stage of deep surgical anaesthesia the pigs were quickly intubated and anaesthesia was maintained for up to 90 minutes. Max. dp/dt, blood gas tensions and pH were measured again 60 minutes after induction of anaesthesia. A third arterial blood sample was taken in the 100th minute at the end of the experiment. Enflurane produced a negative chronotropic and inotropic effect on the heart muscle. Blood pressure decreased by 40% and cardiac output by 32%. Total peripheral resistance was reduced in the 20th minute by 28% but returned to the control level towards the end of the experiment. We observed a few disturbances of cardiac rhythm and conduction. The spontaneously breathing group developed a respiratory acidosis. Within 10 minutes of discontinuing enflurane administration all parameters returned to the control levels. An obvious overdose of enflurane caused transitory convulsions in two animals. Similar symptoms are well known in humans. We prefer enflurane in the minipig since, in contrast to other inhalation anaesthetics, almost none is metabolised. This is especially important in cases of repeated anaesthesia in the same animal. PMID- 6803610 TI - An enzymatic cycling procedure for NAD+ using an irreversible reaction with NAD+ peroxidase. PMID- 6803612 TI - Quantitation of acidic capsular polysaccharides by Alcian blue binding. PMID- 6803611 TI - A rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric assay for prunasin hydrolase activity employing purified mandelonitrile lyase. PMID- 6803613 TI - Fast determination of pepsin activity in a colored radial diffusion test at pH optimum. PMID- 6803614 TI - Synthesis and quantitation of glucitollysine, a glycosylated amino acid elevated in proteins from diabetics. PMID- 6803615 TI - Development of Harderian gland during metamorphosis in anurans. AB - Development of Harderian gland of larvae of Rana japonica, Bufo bufo japonicus, and Xenopus laevis was studied. In the adult animals, well-developed Harderian glands were invariably present in the orbit. In Rana and Bufo, the gland first appeared at late prometamorphic stage and in Xenopus it appeared around climax stage. In thyroidectomized tadpoles of Bufo and Rana, the Harderian gland was induced by thyroxine. In hypophysectomized tadpoles of Bufo the gland developed when they were treated with thyroxine or TSH. PMID- 6803616 TI - Cell specialization in collecting tubules of the guinea pig kidney: carbonic anhydrase activity and glycosaminoglycan production in different cells. AB - The distribution of complex carbohydrates has been investigated cytochemically at the light and electron microscope levels in collecting ducts of the guinea pig kidney. The dialyzed iron method demonstrated acidic complex carbohydrate ultrastructurally on the outer surface of the apical and the basolateral plasmalemma of the principal cells and in their maturing Golgi cisternae and secretory granules. Glycoconjugate in these sites stained for sulfate esters with the high iron diamine method but lacked reactivity toward the periodic acid thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (PA-T-SP) sequence for visualizing vic glycol-containing glycoprotein. Lability to testicular hyaluronidase and resistance to sialidase identified the Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in principal cell granules and the plasmalemmae as a chondroitin sulfate. In contrast, intercalated cells of the collecting ducts failed to stain with the cationic reagents, but showed light PA-T-SP reactivity demonstrative of neutral glycoprotein in the glycocalyx of the apical plasmalemma. Immunostaining with the immunoglobulin enzyme bridge procedure localized carbonic anhydrase selectively to the intercalated cells. The ultrastructural and cytochemical observations on the guinea pig collecting ducts implicate intercalated cells in fluid and electrolyte transport and principal cells in secretion of a chondroitin sulfate to the tubule lumen and intercellular space. PMID- 6803617 TI - Interaction of intraocular air and sulfur hexafluoride with nitrous oxide: a computer simulation. AB - The diffusion dynamics of intravitreal gas bubbles injected during retinal reattachment procedures were studied using a mathematical model. This model predicts the effect of 70 per cent nitrous oxide anesthesia on the volume of the intravitreal bubble. The calculations indicate that when 70 per cent nitrous oxide administration is continued following intravitreal gas injection, there is a rapid, almost threefold increase in the volume of the injected bubble. When nitrous oxide is discontinued at the time of intravitreal injection, a maximum initial bubble expansion of only 35 per cent occurs. If nitrous oxide is discontinued 15 minutes prior to intravitreal injection, the mathematical model indicates that, at most, there will be a 15 per cent expansion of the bubble volume. The model calculations indicate that there is little difference in intravitreal bubble volume whether air of 100 per cent oxygen is used during the anesthetic. The two major factors that influence intravitreal bubble volume are the mixture of air or SF6 injected and the pattern of nitrous oxide use during anesthesia. These factors can be controlled. The importance of bubble volume changes on intraocular pressure and retinal blood flow also depend on other factors such as scleral rigidity, blood pressure, the presence of glaucoma, and the size of the injected gas bubble relative to the total vitreal volume. PMID- 6803618 TI - Quantitative aspects of binding of canine serum immunoglobulins of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. AB - Quantitative interactions of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SPA) and canine immunoglobulins (Ig) are described. The S aureus Cowan strain I bound canine IgG, IgM, and IgA, whereas binding was not observed with the SPA-negative Wood 46 strain of S aureus. In a quantitative adsorption experiment, the results indicated that IgA, though present in the lowest amounts in the samples, appeared to be substantially bound by SPA. Adsorption of sera with SPA-negative Wood strain bacteria resulted in nonspecific protein losses in supernatants of 0% to 15%. PMID- 6803619 TI - Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: protection against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. AB - Pastereulla multocida organisms were separated from the blood of experimentally infected turkeys by differential centrifugation. An average of 92% of the residual host-cell contamination was removed from the pasteurellas by density gradient centrifugation in sucrose. Sucrose suspensions of the turkey-grown pasteurellas partially lysed after freezing and thawing. Treatment of freeze thawed suspensions with DNAse, hyaluronidase, lysozyme, EDTA, and Triton X-100 did not influence their ability to induce protection against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. Lysozyme, EDTA, and Triton X-100 completely lysed the pasteurellas and rendered the cross-protection factor(s) filterable. Addition of adjuvant to completely lysed P multocida did not appear to enhance protection in turkeys against heterologous serotype challenge exposure. Adjuvant added to the pellet or supernatant fraction of centrifuged complete lysate enhanced protection in turkeys. Vaccines prepared from different serotypes of turkey-grown P multocida protected chickens and mice against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. PMID- 6803621 TI - Field studies: pseudomonas pneumonia of mink. AB - Epizootics of pneumonia in mink caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated to characterize the serotype of organisms and to identify possible predisposing factors. Most epizootics were associated with P aeruginosa Fisher serotype 1, and a few were associated with 3 other serotypes. There were no predisposing factors identified that could be used to differentiate farms affected and those not affected with pseudomonas pneumonia. Cultural studies indicated that P aeruginosa was present in mink from affected and nonaffected herds. Organisms isolated included serotypes associated with naturally occurring disease. Serostudy results were similar among herds. A prospective field vaccination trial did not yield definitive results, since only slight losses occurred in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated mink. Significant levels of antibody were detected in mink 15 to 17 weeks after they were given a single dose of P aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide vaccine. PMID- 6803620 TI - Suppression of immunologic function and degeneration of lymphoid organs in cyclophosphamide-treated turkeys. AB - Neonatal administration of 8 to 20 mg of cyclophosphamide (CY) in turkey poults resulted in a marked alteration in the morphologic features of all major lymphoid organs. Cyclophosphamide induced severe deficiency in antibody response to multiple injections of Brucella abortus and sheep RBC and in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood leukocytes to concanavalin A. The morphologic regeneration of thymus and of thymus-dependent areas was marked in all major lymphoid organs by posttreatment day 15. This regeneration preceded functional recovery of the mitogenic response of peripheral blood leukocytes. The regeneration of the bursa and bursa-dependent areas in other lymphoid organs was minimal through posttreatment day 27. Thus, CY may be used effectively in turkeys as an immunosuppressive reagent. PMID- 6803623 TI - In vitro susceptibility of selected isolates of Brucella abortus to penicillin. AB - Brucella abortus isolates (n = 134) from 38 dairy herds in Vermont, Florida, and Canada exhibited 2 growth patterns on medium containing 5 U of penicillin/ml. The B abortus isolates from 7 herds in Vermont were always susceptible to the antibiotic at that concentration. Eleven of 12 isolates from 1 herd in Florida and 25 isolates (biotypes 1 and 4) from 30 Canadian herds grew at greater than or equal to 5 U of penicillin/ml, as determined using a gradient plate method. Penicillin susceptibility may be of value in identifying the source of infections in cattle. PMID- 6803622 TI - Canine cyclic hematopoiesis: blood gas and 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid studies. AB - Cyclic hematopoiesis in gray Collies was first described in 1967. These dogs are anemic in comparison with the healthy littermates, and their erythropoiesis is abnormal. Although the basic disorder appears to be an as yet unidentified abnormality of hematopoietic progenitor cells, an inherent difference in responses to blood gas control mechanisms remains as a possible cause. In a study of these mechanisms in dogs with cyclic hematopoiesis, the P50 and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid concentrations were increased. Differences in pH, PCO2, PO2, and oxygen saturation were not observed. PMID- 6803625 TI - Induced acute aflatoxicosis in goats: treatment with activated charcoal or dual combinations of oxytetracycline, stanozolol, and activated charcoal. PMID- 6803626 TI - Antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in dogs and prevalence of infected ticks in southern Connecticut. AB - Blood samples and ticks were obtained from dogs to assess canine exposure to spotted fever-group (SFG) rickettsiae during 1978-1980 in southern Connecticut. Of the 1,576 dog sera screened by microimmunofluorescence. 174 (11.0%) contained specific antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 1:64 against Rickettsia montana (n = 34), R rickettsii (n = 31), R rhipicephali (n = 19), or the unclassified 369-C rickettsia (n = 90). End points greater than or equal to 1:8,192 to R rickettsii and to R rhipicephali were recorded for 6 and 3 sera, respectively. Seropositivity rates from southwestern and southeastern Connecticut were similar (about 11%), with positive sera obtained from each region in nearly all months of the investigation. Rates were between 10% for dogs 2 to 7 years old and 14% for those greater than or equal to 8 years. Eight of 629 Dermacentor variabilis, 1 of 18 Ixodes dammini, and 2 of 3 Amblyomma americanum were positive by direct immunofluorescence for SFG rickettsiae. Thirteen D variabilis contained unidentified, long, bacillus-like organisms that differed from the short, ovoid (coccal) forms typical fo the spotted-fever agent, R rickettsii. With the exposure to infected ticks and production of type-specific antibodies against at least 4 SFG antigens, dogs may serve as suitable enzootic or epizootic indicators of rickettsial activity. PMID- 6803624 TI - Leukocyte migration-inhibition responses of nonvaccinated and vaccinated heifers to experimental infection with Brucella abortus. AB - The leukocyte migration agarose technique was used to show the leukocyte migration-inhibition responses of nonvaccinated and vaccinated heifers to experimental infection with Brucella abortus. All heifers had increased leukocyte migration inhibition after exposure to B abortus. Nonvaccinated heifers which aborted had the highest responses. The responses of the vaccinated heifers were significantly (P less than 0.01) lower than those of nonvaccinated heifers. None of the vaccinated heifers aborted. PMID- 6803627 TI - Koch centennial supplement. 100th anniversary of the announcement of the discovery of the tubercle bacillus by Robert Koch, March 24, 1882. PMID- 6803628 TI - Robert Koch, tuberculosis, and the subsequent history of medicine. PMID- 6803629 TI - Tuberculosis: susceptibility and resistance. PMID- 6803630 TI - Pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6803631 TI - Microbiology of tubercle bacilli. AB - Based on conventional taxonomic analyses, as well as molecular level studies on DNA and catalases, the tuberculosis complex (M. tuberculosis, M. microti, M. bovis, and M. africanum) appears to consist of a single species. This species does not occur normally free in nature, but depends on host-to-host transmission for its continued existence. Members of the complex are sufficiently distinct genetically from known free-living mycobacteria so that it is unlikely that they would evolve from the free-living species at a significant frequency in nature, although that is presumably how they arose in the first place. Therefore, eradication of tuberculosis seems to be a realistic hope. The technical means now exist for control of the disease; some improvements in diagnostic technology can be expected to accelerate the control efforts. At a basic science level, more information is needed about the ability of M. tuberculosis to survive in a latent state in a host, only to revive years later, if the control of tuberculosis is to progress to eradication. PMID- 6803632 TI - The immunology of tuberculosis. PMID- 6803634 TI - Familial factors affecting arterial blood gas values and respiratory chemosensitivity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Arterial blood gas determinations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and respiratory chemosensitivity, and arterial blood gas determinations in their sons were compared. Patients with silicosis (n=17) and their sons (n=22) served as control subjects. Arterial blood gases, pH, and HCO-3 concentration in 25 patients with COPD were averaged from at least 3 determinations (mean sample number, 10.1) to compare with the data on their sons (n-34; mean age, 33.9 yr). The Paco2 obtained during stable stages correlated positively between patients with COPD and their sons. The Pao2 of patients with COPD in stable stages correlated with the hypoxic ventilatory response of their sons. The Paco2 and Paco2 obtained during acute exacerbation of COPD correlated with the hypoxic ventilatory response of the sons. Deviations in FEV1 and V25 from predicted values correlated with deviations in Pao2 in the sons of the patients with COPD. In silicosis, significant relationships between patients and sons were not seen with respect to arterial blood gas determinations and ventilatory responses except for Paco2 of patients and hypercapnic ventilatory responses of sons. Smoking habits did not correlate between patients and sons both in COPD and in silicosis. However, the concordance ratio of smokers or nonsmokers between patients and sons was higher in COPD than in silicosis. These results indicate that familial factors are involved in determining the arterial blood gases and ventilatory response to hypoxia in COPD, and blunted chemosensitivity to hypoxia and incipient airway dysfunction antedate clinically manifest COPD. PMID- 6803633 TI - Hypnosis for exercise-induced asthma. AB - Hypnosis has been used for many years in the treatment of asthma, but studies of its usefulness have been controversial. We assessed the efficacy of hypnosis in attenuating exercise-induced asthma (EIA) in 10 stable asthmatics. The subjects ran on a treadmill while mouth breathing for 6 min on 5 different days. Pulmonary mechanics were measured before and after each challenge. Two control exercise challenges resulted in a reproducible decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). On 2 other days, saline or cromolyn by nebulization was given in a double-blind manner with the suggestion that these agents would prevent EIA. Hypnosis prior to exercise resulted in a 15.9% decrease in FEV1 compared with a 31.8% decrease on the control days (p less than 0.001). Pretreatment with cromolyn resulted in a 7.6% decrease in FEV1. We conclude that hypnosis can alter the magnitude of a pathophysiologic process, namely, the bronchospasm after exercise in patients with asthma. PMID- 6803635 TI - Relation of colloid osmotic pressure to arterial hypoxemia and cerebral edema during crystalloid volume loading of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - The effect of crystalloid volume loading on serum colloid osmotic pressure, arterial oxygen (Po2), alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDo2), and cerebral lateral ventricle dimensions was prospectively studied in 18 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Serial measurements showed concomitant decreases in colloid osmotic pressure, hematocrit, arterial Po2 (p less than 0.001), and significant increases in A-aDo2 (p less than 0.001) during treatment. Serial echoencephalograms were taken of 11 of the 18 patients; each patient served as his or her own control. Nine of these 11 patients showed significant decreases in lateral ventricle width during treatment; seven patients showed the echoencephalographic "hash" marks characteristic of cerebral edema. Follow up studies showed resolution of these abnormalities. Volume loading with large amounts of crystalloid solution seems to produce an acute hypooncotic state that may cause the development of both subclinical pulmonary and cerebral edema. PMID- 6803636 TI - Methemoglobinemia produced by high-dose intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6803637 TI - [Prevention or diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning: the serum concentration of thiocyanate as an indicator of the optional factor in poisoning]. PMID- 6803638 TI - Pleiotropic mutants affecting the secretory apparatus of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6803640 TI - Aldosterone-induced synthesis of proteins related to sodium transport in the toad's urinary bladder. PMID- 6803639 TI - Immobilization of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli. AB - Easy and rapid procedures for immobilization of the periplasmic maltose-binding protein was worked out. The matrix was able to adsorb a maltose-chemosensing component, methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein of tar pathway. The adsorption was not seriously affected by the presence of other chemicals in tar pathway such as aspartate or nickel ion. PMID- 6803642 TI - Role of induced proteins in insulin-stimulated sodium transport. AB - Insulin increases active sodium transport by the toad urinary bladder, an effect that begins with 15 minutes and persists for at least 20 hours. Although pretreatment of bladders with inhibitors of RNA or protein synthesis has no effect on the response to insulin within the first hour, these agents block the long-term component of insulin-stimulated sodium transport. To examine the relationship of protein synthesis to the sustained increase in sodium transport elicited by insulin, we have studied the effects of the hormone upon the incorporation of radioactive amino acids into mucosal cell proteins. There is no detectable effect of insulin on the uptake of aminoisobutyric acid into mucosal cells or on the incorporation of labeled precursors into total protein; however, using a dual-label technique, we find that insulin increases the incorporation of amino acids into specific soluble and plasma-membrane proteins of granular mucosal cells. Insulin has no discernible effect upon the incorporation of amino acids into proteins of mitochondria-rich mucosal cells. Thus the effects of insulin upon sodium transport appear to be the result of two separate mechanisms, (1) a short-term response that is independent of protein synthesis and (2) a long term response that is expressed after the first hour of hormone treatment and that requires the synthesis of one or more specific proteins in the granular cell. PMID- 6803643 TI - Circularvection: psychophysics and single-unit recordings in the monkey. AB - In psychophysical experiments, human subjects indicated the amount of circularvection (CV) that experienced during sinusoidal rotation (0.01-5 Hz) of the visual surround. Accelerations varied between 5 and 160 degrees/second2; maximal velocities did not exceed 160 degrees/second. Below 0.1 Hz and 20 degrees/second2, most subjects experienced full CV; above, CV was only partial. Subjects then perceived a combination of CV and object motion. All subjects still had some CV at 2 Hz. The upper frequency limit seemed to occur around 5 Hz. In related neurophysiological studies, single units were investigated in the vestibular cortex (area 2v) of the alert monkey. Neurons responded to animal rotation in the dark as well as to sinusoidal rotation of the visual surround (0.01-1 Hz). Units responded to the visual stimulus in the high-frequency range with a gain increase. These experiments demonstrate the prominent influence of the visual system on vestibular neurons even at high frequencies. PMID- 6803644 TI - Sigma-movement and sigma-nystagmus: a new tool to investigate the gaze-pursuit system and visual-movement perception in man and monkey. PMID- 6803645 TI - The "error" signals subserving adaptive gain control in the primate vestibulo ocular reflex. PMID- 6803641 TI - The interactions of prostaglandins and vasopressin in the kidney. PMID- 6803647 TI - Humoral immunity in myasthenia gravis: clinical correlations of anti-receptor antibody avidity and titer. AB - Antibody to human acetylcholine receptor (AChR Ab) in myasthenia gravis (MG) correlates with clinical (Osserman) classification. Patients in remission R) or with ocular only (I) symptoms differed significantly from those with generalized disease (IIA, IIB, III, IV) (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.05 respectively). Patients with mild generalized disease (IIA) differed significantly from those with acute severe (III) or chronic severe (IV) disease (p less than 0.01). However, within each clinical class titers ranged over two or three orders of magnitude. This variation in AChR Ab titer for patients with similar diseases severity was not explained by differences in immunoglobulin class. All patients produced IgG AChR Ab and occasional patients produced IgM or IgA at less than 10% of their IgG titer. No IgM to IgG switch was identified. In MG patients negative for AChR Ab by immunoprecipitation assay, blockade of toxin binding to extracted human AChR could still be identified indicating antibody specificity to the toxin binding site. The avidity of AChR Ab for receptor assayed in six myasthenic patients with differing severities of disease, varied widely with T1/2 (time to half-maximal binding) ranges from 25 to 81 minutes. However, differences in AChR Ab avidity did not explain differences in severity of disease in patients with similar titers. AChR Ab was fractionated in six patients into IgG kappa and IgG lambda; in four patients AChR Ab activity could be demonstrated in both fractions. Thus, differences among MG patients as a group are due to production of several AChR Ab idiotypes, with individual patients being oligoclonal or polyclonal as well. Differences in IgG subclass (complement fixation) and site of attachment of AChR Ab to receptor subunits may resolve these differences. PMID- 6803646 TI - Genetic control of autoimmunity to acetylcholine receptors: role of Ia molecules. AB - Evidence that human susceptibility to myasthenia gravis (MG) might be determined genetically is suggested by clinical surveys showing an association of MG with an increased frequency of certain histocompatibility antigens. We have studied the experimental autoimmune model of MG in mice to investigate whether or not major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products play a role in determining susceptibility to EAMG. When MHC congenic and recombinant strains of mice were inoculated with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and adjuvants, the magnitude of autoantibody responses to muscle AChR and of the defect of neuromuscular transmission (i.e., reduction in MEPP amplitude) closely paralleled in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to torpedo AChR. Reduction in MEPP amplitude correlated strikingly with the degree to which autologous muscle AChR was complexed with antibody. Lymphocyte responses to Torpedo AChR, antibody responses to mouse muscle AChR, and susceptibility to EAMG are controlled by gene(s) at the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. Backcross studies confirmed that lymphocyte proliferative responses to AChR are controlled by a Mendelian dominant gene linked to H-2, probably at the I-A subregion. Mutation at the I-A subregion in the B6 strain, which resulted in structural alteration of the Ia molecule, converted high responsiveness to low responsiveness. Lymphocyte responses were eliminated by blocking Ia antigens on lymph node cell surfaces with specific anti I-A alloantisera. Cellular immune responses to AChR are dependent on Lyt 1+23- cells and adherent cells. These data implicate a macrophage-associated Ia molecular in induction of autoimmune responses to AChR, probably in the presentation of AChR to helper (Lyt 1+23-) T-lymphocytes, which thereby help B lymphocytes to differentiate into anti-AChR antibody forming cells. PMID- 6803648 TI - [Cutaneous manifestations observed during prolonged intravenous feeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6803649 TI - Rationale for immediate reconstruction of the breast following modified radical mastectomy. AB - In 62 patients in whom modified radical mastectomy was accompanied by immediate breast reconstruction, the operative and pathologic findings are compared to the clinical results. Immediate reconstruction following modified radical mastectomy appears to offer several advantages over delayed reconstruction. The data indicate that immediate reconstruction provides excellent technical results, is associated with less expense and morbidity as compared to delayed reconstruction, and does not adversely affect the natural course of the disease within the follow up period studied. No adverse effect of adjuvant chemotherapy on the reconstructive effect was noted in this series of 62 patients when the initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy was timed so as to avoid difficulties with hemostasis. The technical aspects of the immediate reconstruction are described. PMID- 6803650 TI - Neonatal juvenile xanthogranulomatosis with pulmonary, extrapleural and hepatic involvement. One case report. PMID- 6803654 TI - Effects of venous stasis on serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and their binding proteins. PMID- 6803653 TI - The T4:TBG ratio: a re-evaluation with particular reference to low and high serum TBG levels. AB - The thyroxine: thyroxine-binding globulin (T4: TBG) ratio is now an established part of the biochemical investigation of thyroid function. Reference ranges have been reported for euthyroid subjects with TBG levels within the range 6-16 mg/l. Routine assay of TBG on all thyroid function tests in this laboratory has suggested that, in patients with low or high TBG levels, the established reference ranges for T4: TBG may not be strictly applicable. A retrospective study has been made of a large number of thyroid function requests, including serum total T4, free T4, TBG, and TSH assays. Evidence is presented to show that in subjects with a TBG level of less than 8 mg/l the reference range for T4: TBG is elevated. Similarly, in subjects with a TBG greater than 16 mg/l, the reference range for T4: TBG is lowered. The data suggest that it is necessary to quote a T4: TBG reference range based on small increments of TBG levels or to relate total T4 reference ranges to those increments. PMID- 6803651 TI - Cerebellar control of the vestibulo-ocular reflex--around the flocculus hypothesis. PMID- 6803652 TI - Inherited metabolic storage disorders. PMID- 6803655 TI - Total over free thyroxine ratio: prediction of thyroxine binding globulin. AB - Both total thyroxine and free thyroxine concentrations are measured in the Immophase free thyroxine assay. These total and free thyroxine results allow a prediction of the accessory concentrations of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Since abnormal concentrations of TBG often cause problems in the evaluation of thyroid function, we evaluated the possibility of predicting these abnormal values from total and free thyroxine results. Two ways of predicting abnormal concentrations of TBG were evaluated on statistical grounds. The first method, a simple total thyroxine/free thyroxine ratio, proved to be better than the second method, which corrected for the influence of the other thyroxine binding proteins (result: a calculated concentration of TBG). The total thyroxine/free thyroxine ratio predicts abnormally low TBG values, below a ratio fo 4,000 (certainty 45%) and abnormally high TBG values, above a ratio of 6,400 (certainty 89%). PMID- 6803656 TI - Gentamicin-carbenicillin synergy among gentamicin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Forty-five isolates of gentamicin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated for gentamicin-carbenicillin synergy. Only 9 percent (4/45) showed synergy. Of nine isolates with demonstrable zones around a gentamicin disc (8 to 12 mm), none showed a synergistic response. Effective treatment of gentamicin resistant Ps. aeruginosa with gentamicin and carbenicillin should not be assumed without additional test procedures. PMID- 6803657 TI - [Electrophysiology of anterior pituitary cells (author's transl)]. AB - Anterior pituitary cells in culture are excitable. As neurons or neuroendocrine cells they display action potentials either spontaneously or when depolarized. However, the ionic requirements for action potentials in endocrine cells appear to be different to those for neurons and even between the various types of endocrine cells. In anterior pituitary cells action potentials are largely calcium (Ca2+ -dependent. The involvement of Ca2+ ions in the spiking activity of anterior pituitary cells may be a determinant factor in the mechanism of secretion. PMID- 6803658 TI - [Role of endoplasmic reticulum in the secretion of prolactin (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroliberin (TRH) exerts a biphasic effect on the secretion of prolactin. It involves first a rapid release of a previously formed hormonal pool and then a long term delayed effect on hormone synthesis. Ultrastructural immunocytochemistry has permitted to visualize the prolactin content of the endoplasmic reticulum and to follow the transit of secretory product during TRH induced acute release in GH3 cells and in normal prolactin cells in primary culture. After 30 min, 1 hr of action, TRH induces a decrease in the prolactin content of the endoplasmic reticulum followed after 2 hrs by a reloading of this compartment. These immunocytochemical observations offer a morphological correlate to previous biochemical studies on the biphasic effect of TRH. PMID- 6803659 TI - [A programme for male infertility investigation (author's transl)]. AB - Male infertility investigation must proceed according to a strict order to state precisely the etiology. Among the essential exams, the semen analysis, the post coital test, LH, FSH and testosterone assays are the corner stones of the evaluation of the infertile male. The recent advances were made on the ultrastructure of spermatozoa and its abnormalities (ciliary dyskinesis) and the syndrome of partial resistance to androgens. But the research for a curable form of infertility is too often useless. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, which could be treated by human gonadotropins or LHRH, represents only 0,5% of the cases. The results of surgery are rather poor. Sometimes, the improvement of sperm quality by laboratory manipulations permits artificial insemination. PMID- 6803660 TI - [Effect of vitamin D on skin metabolism (author's transl)]. AB - To examine for a possible local action of vitamin D on skin, its histology DNA content, melanogenetic response to UV and proliferative activity (incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA) were studied on vitamin D deficient and vitamin D fed rats. The skin thickness DNA content and melanogenetic response to UV (assessed as the activity of skin tyrosinase) were greater in vitamin D fed than in vitamin deficient rats. In keratinocyte cell cultures vitamin D (10-9 M-10-12 M) increased DNA synthesis in suprabasal cells whereas it had no effect on DNA synthesis in basal cells. The influence of vitamin D on skin thickness and melanogenetic response to UV could provide an effective feed-back control for protection against UV penetration and vitamin D intoxication. PMID- 6803662 TI - Adjunctive tests for the mucopolysaccharidoses. PMID- 6803661 TI - Different effects of various carbohydrates on the metabolic rate in rats. AB - Fasting adult male rats were given, by orogastric tube, sucrose, glucose, glucose with fructose and water, and the metabolic rate for the ensuing 150-180 min was measured. It was found that there was an increase in metabolic rate after all sugars, greatest after sucrose and least with glucose and with fructose. With the glucose:fructose mixture the metabolic rate was greater then glucose and less than an equimolar load of sucrose. The respiratory quotient after glucose was less than that after fructose, whereas with sucrose it was greater than an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose. PMID- 6803663 TI - Neuroendocrine control mechanisms and the onset of puberty. PMID- 6803664 TI - Comparative antipseudomonal activity of some newer beta-lactam agents. AB - The antipseudomonal activities of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, and moxalactam were tested in conventional minimum inhibitory concentration titrations and according to morphological and turbidimetric criteria. Three groups of pseudomonal strains were tested: carbenicillin hypersusceptible, carbenicillin susceptible, and carbenicillin resistant. In minimum inhibitory concentration titrations, the carbenicillin hypersusceptible strains did not differ greatly in their susceptibility to other beta-lactam agents, although moxalactam appeared to be rather less active than the other drugs. When tested against the remaining strains, ceftazidime was the most active compound, followed by cefoperazone and ceftriaxone. The turbidimetric experiments supported by microscopical observations, all of the agents induced bacterial lysis in the carbenicillin-hypersusceptible strains, but cefoperazone appeared to be less actively bacteriolytic than the rest of the antibiotics. None of the agents was able to prevent growth of the remainder of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in the first few hours of drug exposure, during which time the bacteria elongated to form long filaments. However, the various agents differed in the length of time which elapsed before growth was completely halted. Judged in this way, moxalactam was the most active compound in relation to its minimum inhibitory concentration, but in comparative experiments in which the same concentration of each drug (64 microgram/ml) was used regardless of the minimum inhibitory concentration, ceftazidime appeared to be the most active antibiotic, followed by ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. PMID- 6803665 TI - Mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa specifying reduced affinity for penicillin G. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO503 was isolated after ethane methane-sulfonate mutagenesis and selection of ticarcillin. The mutant, PCC17, displayed reduced affinity for [14C] penicillin G at all of its penicillin binding proteins as well as a general increase in resistance to all the beta lactam antibiotics tested. The mutation designated pbpA has been mapped by FP-2 mediated conjugation and was located distal to the proA locus and 33% linked to it. The two loci were not cotransducible with phage F116L. PCC17 and exconjugants produced from it had similar phenotypes, displayed the reduced affinity for [14C] penicillin G, had similar resistance profiles, and had an increased amount of protein corresponding to penicillin-binding protein 6. On back mutation the pbpA locus reverted to the PAO503 phenotype. PMID- 6803667 TI - Chemical and chromatographic analysis of lipopolysaccharide from an antibiotic supersusceptible mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Lipopolysaccharides extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K799 and its antibiotic-supersusceptible derivative Z61 were analyzed chemically and chromatographically. The side-chain polysaccharides purified by gel exclusion chromatography were compositionally identical, being composed of fucosamine (2 amino-2,6-dideoxygalactose), quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxyglucose), and an unidentified amino sugar. In addition, low amounts of the core-specific components (glucose, rhamnose, alanine, and galactosamine) were found associated with the side chains from both strains. An average molecular weight of 38,000 to 50,000 was calculated for this fraction based on the glucose and rhamnose levels. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the lipopolysaccharides from these two strains were microheterogeneous. Qualitative analysis of the lipopolysaccharide neutral sugars, using a series of single-step revertants of mutant Z61, demonstrated that full revertants showed patterns indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain K799, whereas partial revertants had intermediate levels and mutant Z61 low levels of neutral sugars. Quantitative analysis revealed that the core oligosaccharide fraction from the wild-type strain had a glucose/rhamnose/galactosamine ratio of 4:1:1, whereas the core from Z61 exhibited major deficiencies in both glucose and rhamnose. The lipid A from both strains contained five fatty acids, namely, 3-hydroxydecanoate, dodecanoate, 2- and 3-hydroxydodecanoate, and hexadecanoate. Whereas the overall fatty acid content was equal, the mutant strain showed markedly lower levels of dodecanoate and hexadecanoate and increased levels of 2-hydroxydodecanoate. Results of whole-cell fatty acid analyses were consistent with this observation. Evidence for an additional alteration of the lipid A of strain Z61 was obtained from acid hydrolysis studies and infrared spectra of isolated lipid A, although the actual chemical basis could not be determined by a variety of techniques. It is suggested that the state of the lipopolysaccharide is able to influence the number of open functional protein F pores in the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6803666 TI - Outer membrane permeability in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: comparison of a wild-type with an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant. AB - The Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant Z61 has been shown to be highly supersusceptible to a wide range of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, rifampin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol (W. Zimmerman, Int. J. Clin. Pharmacol. Biopharm. 17:131-134, 1979). Spontaneous revertants were isolated, using gentamicin or carbenicillin as selective agents, and shown to have two patterns of susceptibility to a group of 12 antibiotics. Partial revertants had 2- to 10-fold greater resistance to these antibiotics than mutant Z61, whereas full revertants had antibiotic susceptibilities indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain K799, from which mutant Z61 had been derived. Uptake of a chromogenic beta-lactam nitrocefin was studied in both uninduced and induced cells of all strains by measuring the steady-state rate of nitrocefin hydrolysis by the inducible, periplasmic beta-lactamase in both whole and broken cells. This demonstrated that outer membrane permeability decreased as antibiotic resistance increased in the series mutant Z61, partial revertants, wild type, and full revertants. The data were consistent with the idea of low outer membrane permeability being caused by a low proportion of open functional porins in the outer membrane as the reason for the high natural antibiotic resistance of wild type P, aeruginosa strains. In addition, it was observed that levels of benzylpenicillin below the minimal inhibitory concentration for mutant Z61 failed to induce beta-lactamase production. The possibility that this was related to the observed increase in outer membrane permeability is discussed. Preliminary evidence is presented that the pore-forming outer membrane porin protein F is not altered in mutant Z61. PMID- 6803668 TI - Ozone decontamination of bioclean rooms. AB - To establish a convenient method for decontaminating bioclean rooms, the effect of ozone at 80 mg/m3 for 72 h was compared with formaldehyde vaporization at an initial concentration of 150 mg/m3 with a gradual decrease to 20 mg/m3 during 72 h. Ozone was found to be inferior to formaldehyde in activity. When the bioclean room was decontaminated twice with ozone, the mean colony count per 10 cm2 was decreased to about the same level as when formaldehyde was used. Ozone had a strong caustic effect upon rubber materials. Despite these disadvantages, ozone decontamination was demonstrated to be superior to formaldehyde vaporization because of convenience, insignificant inhalation of the disinfectant by the hospital staff, and very rapid expulsion of the gas after ventilation. Because the disadvantages of ozone can be easily controlled, this study suggests that ozone decontamination is a promising method for maintaining bioclean rooms. PMID- 6803669 TI - Role of versicolorin A and its derivatives in aflatoxin biosynthesis. AB - The involvement of various anthraquinone metabolites in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin B1 was investigated by using a labeled double-substrate technique in a cell-free system. The results showed that both versicolorin A hemiacetal and versicolorin A hemiacetal acetate were converted to aflatoxin B1, whereas versicolorin A was not, even though it was added to the same cell-free system. Thus, versicolorin A hemiacetal, versicolorin A hemiacetal acetate, or both were implicated as key intermediates, whereas versicolorin A and C became side shunt metabolites. These latter compounds reentered the pathway depending on the availability of the appropriate enzymes and suitability of conditions. Dichlorvos, a specific inhibitor of aflatoxin biosynthesis, is considered to have its primary action on either an oxygenase or dehydrogenase involved in the pathway and to act in a secondary capacity as an inhibitor of an esterase which may also be involved in the pathway. PMID- 6803671 TI - Purine biosynthesis and catabolism in soybean root nodules: incorporation of 14C from 14CO2 into xanthine. PMID- 6803670 TI - Isolation and characterization from potato tubers of two polypeptide inhibitors of serine proteinases. PMID- 6803673 TI - Mechanism of metabolic regulation in photoassimilation of propionate in Euglena gracilis z. PMID- 6803672 TI - Isolation and characterization of liver glycogen synthase from diabetic rats. PMID- 6803674 TI - Increased metabolism of retinoic acid after chronic ethanol consumption in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6803675 TI - The regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in the perfused rat liver: a role for the mitochondrial monocarboxylate translocator. PMID- 6803676 TI - Mechanism of action of cystathionine synthase. PMID- 6803677 TI - The effects of diflubenzuron on a complex laboratory stream community. AB - Effects were assessed on the total biological community in complex laboratory streams caused by continuous exposure to diflubenzuron (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6 difluorobenzoyl) urea). The insect fauna suffered direct toxic effects at concentrations of 1.0 microgram/L and greater. The algal and fungal floras were mildly affected at the same concentrations; apparently indirect effects in response to the reduced herbivore and shredder components of the insect fauna. No effects were observed on the bacteria, oligochaetes or gastropods, at any of the test concentrations. Within the insect fauna, differences in sensitivities were observed: mayflies and stoneflies were affected at 1.0 microgram/L, dipterans were affected at 10.0 microgram/L, and coleopterans were apparently unaffected at any of the test concentrations. Effects on caddisflies could not be determined due to their failure to become established in the stream systems. These differences between insect orders in sensitivity, coupled with differences in generation time, may reduce the overall benefits of the insecticide. For example, if diflubenzuron is used for chironomid control, the result may be more severe and longer lasting effects on nontarget mayfly and stonefly populations. PMID- 6803678 TI - Histopathological effects of diflubenzuron on the cirripede crustacean, Balanus eburneus. AB - Histopathological studies on the cirripede crustacean, Balanus eburneus, at light and electron microscopic levels indicated that the chitin-inhibiting insecticide, diflubenzuron, caused similar disruption of the exoskeleton as observed in insects. Under the light microscope, globular particles were present within the chitinous layers of the cuticle, and these particles appeared electron dense and pleomorphic at the ultrastructural level. The cytoplasm of the cuticle-secreting epidermal cells appeared more dense and showed at least a five-fold increase in multivesicular bodies, which possessed electron dense cores. Barnacles exposed to diflubenzuron for 10 days or longer at 750 and 1,000 ppb were delayed in the premolt phase of cuticle secretion. PMID- 6803679 TI - Exposure of professional pesticide applicators to carbaryl. AB - Dermal and respiratory exposure, and erythrocyte and serum acetylcholinesterase activity were monitored on two groups of professional pesticide applicators spraying trees with carbaryl. The mean dermal exposure to the first group was 128 mg hr-1 of carbaryl and the mean respiratory exposure was 0.1 mg hr-1. The maximum percent (%) toxic dose received by the applicators was 0.12% hr-1. The mean exposure to the second group of applicators was 59.4 mg hr-1 dermal and 0.1 mg hr-1 respiratory, for a total of 0.02% toxic dose per hr. It was estimated that 86.9% of the dermal exposure was to the forearms and hands. The rate of exposure to pads placed under the applicators clothing was approximately 1/20 that of pads on the outside of the clothing. Of the body areas monitored, the back received the least rate of exposure. It was determined, in vitro, that 10( 3) M carbaryl would inhibit human serum (pseudocholinesterase) and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase for at least 72 hr. There was no overall inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the applicators. PMID- 6803680 TI - Exposure of urban applicators to carbaryl. AB - Thirty-eight urban volunteers from the Lincoln and Omaha, Nebraska areas were monitored for carbaryl exposure during the summer of 1979. All volunteers were involved in the application of carbaryl incidental to their employment or leisure activities. The investigators made no attempt to affect the method of carbaryl application. The mean rates of carbaryl exposure were 3.85 and 0.26 microgram cm 2 hr-1, respectively, for the outside of the clothing and the skin beneath the clothing; clothing apparently provided an effective barrier to carbaryl penetration. The rate of carbaryl exposure to the hands of applicators was 2.36 and 24.96 micrograms cm-21 hr-1, respectively, for applicators with and without gloves. The maximum dermal exposure recorded in this study was 2.86 mg kg-1 hr-1 which is significantly less than the stimated dermal LD50 value for carbaryl (4000 mg kg-1). The maximum air concentration of carbaryl was 0.28 microgram L-1. Only a small mean decrease was found in the applicators serum (-1.01%) or erythrocyte (-1.39%) acetylcholinesterase activity. Although some applicators had decreases in either serum or erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity greater than 20%, an equal number had increases of the same magnitude. The mean total carbaryl exposure to the applicators, expressed as a percent of toxic dose per hr, was 0.01%, with a maximum estimated exposure of 0.08%. PMID- 6803681 TI - Effects of dietary aroclor 1254 and cyclopropene fatty acids on hepatic enzymes in rainbow trout. AB - Diets containing Aroclor 1254 (PCB); cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA), and PCB plus CPFA were fed to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) for 15 weeks to determine the effects on hepatic microsomal activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, and benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase. Ethoxyresorufin-O deethylase activity continued to increase to a level 77-fold higher than control at week 15. Ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase and benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activities increased to 7.1-fold and 47-fold over control at week 9, respectively. Cytochrome P-450 values remained approximately 2-fold above controls from week 5 through week 15. At weeks 1 and 3, cytochrome P-450 levels were not significantly different from control. Dietary CPFA significantly depressed ethoresorufin-O-deethylase and ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase activities, but had no effect on benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activity. Ethoxyresorufin-O deethylase, ethoxycoumarin-O-deethylase, nd benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase activities in the combined PCB-CPFA-fed trout were significantly higher than in control- or CPFA-fed trout, and significantly lower than in PCB-fed trout. This is the first time dietary PCBs have been shown to induce the MFO system in rainbow trout. These results provide a possible explanation for the effects of dietary PCBs on the metabolism and expression of other chemical carcinogens. PMID- 6803685 TI - On the differentiation of "Brucella Abortus" biotypes 3 and 6. PMID- 6803682 TI - Concentrations of placental proteins (HPL and SP1) in maternal serum throughout normal pregnancy. AB - Throughout 65 normal singleton pregnancies 332 blood samples were obtained and analyzed for pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) and human placental lactogen (HPL). The measurement of SP1 in maternal serum was made using radial immunodiffusion, that of HPL by using radioimmunoassay. There was wide variation in the number and timing of blood samples obtained from patients, and therefore the results could not be used to construct a regression curve by the usual methods applied to independent measurements. Consequently only one value per patient was chosen at random as a basis for calculations. A second degree polynomial for the logarithm of the serum concentrations yielded an optimal fit for both parameters. Tolerance intervals of 90% were calculated for use in future studies. PMID- 6803684 TI - [Frequency and characterization of "Neisseria lactamica" among the population of Milan Italy (author's transl)]. AB - In 1979, 4,941 asymptomatic subjects, ranging from children to adolescents and working-age adults living in the Milan area, were examined for the presence of neisseriae in rhinopharyngeal exudate. 382 carriers of neisseriae were identified (7.7%); of these, 265 (5.3%) presented Neisseria meningitidis and 117 (2.4%) Neisseria lactamica. Carriers of Neisseria lactamica were found more frequently among children and adolescents than among adults of working age. The strains of Neisseria lactamica isolated showed the same degree of sensitivity and resistance to chemoantibiotics as Neisseria meningitidis strains. Difficulty was found in serotyping the strains of Neisseria lactamica isolated, due to tendency to polyagglutinability. The Author stresses the need to include the lactose test in the identification of neisseria, in order to differentiate between Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis. PMID- 6803683 TI - Cytophotometric determinations of DNA, histone, arginine, lysine, and their concentrations in eu- and heterochromatin of the cell nucleus of dysplasias, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma of the human cervix uteri. AB - In the cell nuclei of dysplasias, carcinoma in situ, and carcinoma the amount of DNA, histone, arginine, lysine, and their condensed areas were determined by cytophotometry. Moreover their concentrations in the euchromatic and heterochromatic areas of the nuclei were measured. Statistical analysis showed that the quantitative relations between parameters did not change during carcinogenesis. The significantly increased amount of lysine underlines the role of the lysine-rich histones in producing denser coiling of the chromatin fibril in heterochromatin. PMID- 6803686 TI - [Typing of strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Palermo]. PMID- 6803687 TI - [Tests of anti-meningococcal vaccination with A and C group polysaccharide vaccines]. PMID- 6803688 TI - Effect of albumin and mannitol on organ blood flow, oxygen delivery, water content, and renal function during hypothermic hemodilution cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - The present study was designed to determine if the addition of albumin or mannitol to the priming solution of the pump oxygenator would diminish edema in organs, without diminishing some of the beneficial effects of hemodilution on blood flow and renal function. Tissue blood flow (15 mu spheres), water content, and renal clearances were determined in 8 animals during cardiopulmonary bypass. A 2(2) factorial, completely fixed experimental design was used. All animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass with hemodilution (hematocrit 25 +/- 2%) and hypothermia (25 degrees +/- 1 degree C). Albumin decreased flow to the midmyocardium of the left ventricle and to the spleen, and increased flow to the inner cortex of the kidney. Albumin caused decreased urine flow and decreased urine sodium, and also diminished renal osmolar, sodium, and free-water clearances. both mannitol and albumin decreased lung water. Mannitol decreased water content of the outer renal cortex, and decreased flow to the inner cortex and medulla of the kidney and to the spleen. Mannitol had no significant effect on urine flow, renal plasma flow, or renal clearances. Neither albumin nor mannitol had any effect on water content of the intestine, stomach, liver, or myocardium where the greatest accumulation of water occurs with hemodilution. The effect of albumin on renal function is potentially deleterious during cardiopulmonary bypass because it decreases urine flow, and osmolar and free water clearance. PMID- 6803690 TI - The cell saver during cardiac surgery: does it save? AB - Conservation and autotransfusion of autologous blood have been proposed as a means to decrease the homologous blood requirements of cardiac surgery. Use of the Haemonetics Cell Saver System to salvage blood shed in the sterile surgical field resulted in a net saving of 105 +/- 88.7 ml of packed red cells in 20 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. The system is not a cost-effective way to save blood or decrease homologous blood requirements during routine cardiac operations. PMID- 6803691 TI - Indirect androgenic control of citrate accumulation in rat ventral prostate. AB - Androgenic control of citrate metabolism was studied by measuring the conversion of (2-14C)acetate or (6-14C)glucose to (14C)citrate and 14CO2 in the ventral prostate of the rat. The decarboxylation of (2-14C)acetate showed that androgen preferentially increased (14C)citrate oxidation, probably to meet the increased energy demands of cellular synthetic reactions. This led to the decreased accumulation of (14C)citrate from (2-14C)acetate. On the other hand, both the production of (14C)citrate and the formation of 14CO2 from (6-14C)glucose were decreased by castration and increased by testosterone, this being mainly due to the androgenic control of pyruvate dehydrogenase. These changes were more marked and rapid than those in oxygen consumption, in (2-14C)acetate oxidation, or in the total content of prostatic citrate that was maintained by testosterone. Glucose as the main source of citrate in testosterone-treated rats can thus be replaced by alternative substrates in castrated rats. The rate of citrate accumulation could be more dependent on the number of secretory cells than their hormonal activation. PMID- 6803689 TI - Circulatory dynamics during surface-induced hypothermia under halothane-ether azeotrope anesthesia. AB - Circulatory dynamics during surface- induced deep hypothermia using the halothane diethyl ether azeotrope in 100% oxygen (O2) without circulatory arrest and 95% O2 and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) with and without 60 minutes of arrest were evaluated in 15 adult mongrel dogs. Mean arterial pressure was lower in animals given 5% CO2 than in animals given 100% O2 during cooling. Cardiac output in the 5% CO2 groups increased until 30 degrees C cooling and then gradually decreased to 29% of control at 20 degrees C. Cardiac output in the 100% O2 group progressively decreased to 16% of control at 20 degrees C cooling and was 51 to 77% of the output in the 5% CO2 animals at comparable temperatures throughout the hypothermia procedure. The differences in cardiac output were attributed primarily to changes in stroke volume since heart rates were not significantly different. These changes were probably secondary to differences in systemic vascular resistance, which had increased sixfold in the animals given 100% O2 and had only doubled in the 5% CO2 groups at 20 degrees C during cooling. Hemodynamic variables in animals given 5% CO2 did not reveal significant differences in arrested versus nonarrested animals during early rewarming. However, with further warming, cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular stroke work, and mean pulmonary arterial and pulmonary artery wedge pressures were lower, and systemic and pulmonary vascular resistances were higher in the arrest group. We conclude that the improved results with halothane-diethyl ether azeotrope in 95% O2 and 5% CO2 during surface hypothermia are due to a greater cardiac output and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 6803692 TI - Bromocriptine therapy in oligozoospermic infertile men. AB - A prospective, randomized double-blind study with crossover using bromocriptine and placebo was performed on a group of 17 infertile males with idiopathic oligozoospermia. Twelve patients completed the duration of this study of eight months by receiving 5 mg of bromocriptine per day for four months followed by four months of placebo or vice versa. Prior to treatment, the sperm count was 8.76 +/- 1.32 (10(6)/ml). The hormonal profile was performed prior to treatment and included estimation of prolactin, T3, T4, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and plasma LH. Stimulation studies using LHRH and TRH were also performed. All hormonal estimations were within normal limits. Compared to placebo, bromocriptine had no significant effect on sperm analysis, or basic hormonal profile. The stimulation test with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was unchanged except for the basic plasma testosterone, which increased. The prolactin decreased following the thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation. Two pregnancies were noted four to six weeks following the end of treatment. Bromocriptine did not seem to be more effective than placebo in the treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia. PMID- 6803693 TI - Gossypol: an effective acrosin blocker. PMID- 6803694 TI - Paternity in Klinefelter's syndrome--a case report. PMID- 6803695 TI - Bepridil-induced modifications of cardiac performance in the anesthetized dog: comparison with nitroglycerin and propranolol. AB - Bepridil, a new anti-anginal drug, increases coronary blood flow and reduces myocardial oxygen consumption. The comparative effects of bepridil (2.5 mg.kg-1), nitroglycerin (40 microgram/.kg-1) and propranolol (0.5 mg.kg-1) on myocardial performance, were studied in anesthetized dogs. All drugs were injected intravenously within 60 sec. Continuous recordings of left ventricular end diastolic pressure, peripheral arterial pressure and external ventricular dimensions were made during a 31 min period following drug administration. Similarly, several contractility indices were calculated during the phase of isovolumic contraction. Bepridil was found to decrease left ventricular work, by 14.3 +/- 4.4% while increasing aortic blood flow by 24 +/- 6%. In addition, this compound weakly and only briefly decreased contractility, but reduced the afterload more markedly by 34.2 +/- 3.8%. The external ventricular circumference was only slightly increased. Nitroglycerin reduced aortic flow, ventricular dimensions together with the pre- and afterloads. Propranolol reduced aortic flow while considerably increasing ventricular dimensions and preload. Thus, in the anesthetized dog, the intravenous administration of bepridil decreases left ventricular work while increasing aortic blood flow. Both effects occur during mild and prolonged bradycardia. PMID- 6803696 TI - Glucose-resistant hypoglycemia in inanition. AB - Three patients had starvation-related hypoglycemia that was not responsive to the infusion of glucose. The patients resembled fatal cases of hypoglycemia seen very rarely in victims of kwashiorkor. None of the patients had a history of drug ingestion, nor was there any evidence of endocrine insufficiency. Two of the patients had low serum insulin levels. Complete postmortem examinations were done for all three patients and there was no evidence of islet cell abnormalities or of malignant neoplasms. A syndrome of severe hypoglycemia refractory to therapy, that was occasionally seen, in years past, in starved individuals is confirmed. The mechanisms underlying the disorder are obscure, but a failure of glycogenolysis, neoglucogenesis, or overproduction of insulin appear unlikely possibilities. It is postulated that cells normally impermeable to glucose, when serum insulin levels are low, become permeable in some severely starved patients, for reasons unknown. PMID- 6803697 TI - [Infrared spectroscopic determinations of mannitol]. AB - Three different infrared-spectra of Mannit were obtained according to unused Mannit, melted Mannit, and the crystallized form out of methanol. The melting points of the three Mannit-modifications were in accordance 166.5 degrees C. Similar effects have been found with Diethylbarbituric acid. X-ray diffraction patterns and main differences of the infrared-spectra between v = 1100- and 1500 cm-1 - the range, where the molecule in bulk is characterized -, verify three different crystal structures of Mannit. PMID- 6803698 TI - [Gas pistol shots]. PMID- 6803699 TI - [Experimental arrhythmia models. Critical study of correlations with arrhythmias observed in clinical practice]. AB - A number of different in vitro or in vivo experimental tests or models are now available for the demonstration of antiarrhythmic properties. In vitro electrophysiological studies on cells or healthy tissues usually establish the properties of antiarrhythmic agents, rather than their actual antiarrhythmic properties. New information has recently been provided by studies on abnormal tissues or tissues which have been made abnormal experimentally. The methods used to cause this dysfunction are discussed to determine their possible clinical relevance. There are over 50 in vivo arrhythmia models but only 2 or 3 are in common usage: aconitine or digitalis intoxication and experimental myocardial infarction (Harris' method and variants). The study of thresholds to ventricular fibrillation is more a study of an electrophysiological parameter than a study of an arrhythmia. Statistical studies require the uniformity of an experimental model and its stability (or relative stability) over a sufficiently long period from one animal or preparation to another. These conditions widen the gap between some experimental models and clinical reality. Present experimental models are essentially models of acute arrhythmias as experimental animals with chronic degenerative heart disease are not usually available (the problem of cardiomyopathic hamsters and Japanese woodcocks is discussed). The failure to appreciate the differences between species, the direct action of the drug under study (particularly on the autonomic nervous system), the hemodynamic changes induced by the experimental conditions, and the pharmacokinetics of the drug, often make extrapolations to clinical practice very difficult. Although the recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of arrhythmias derived from these models have not lead to any significant changes in the clinicians' attitude to the choice of antiarrhythmic therapy or to the introduction of new criteria of antiarrhythmic efficacity, none of the active antiarrhythmic agents used in clinical practice have been submitted to these antiarrhythmic screening tests. These models even provide an "honourable" classification of the relative efficacity of antiarrhythmic drugs. PMID- 6803700 TI - [Electrophysiologic effects of anti-arrhythmia agents. Their predictive value of therapeutic effects]. PMID- 6803701 TI - [Determination of plasma concentrations of anti-arrhythmia agents]. AB - The measurements of the plasma concentrations of antiarrhythmic drugs is useful both for studying the pharmacokinetics and bio-availability of a drug, and for assessing the relationship between pharmacological activity and plasma levels in clinical practice so that dosages may be adapted to obtain optimal efficacity in each individual patient and to avoid side-effects caused by drugs with low therapeutic indices. Many methods are available, including spectrophotometry, spectrofluorometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography and immuno enzymology. The practicability, sensitivity and specificity of these techniques are compared with respect to their objectives. Particular attention is paid to the principal antiarrhythmic agents with fairly well defined zones of efficacity: procainamide, quinidine, disopyramide, propranolol, lignocaine and mexiletine. PMID- 6803702 TI - [Importance of pharmacokinetic studies in the clinical phase of experimentation with anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 6803703 TI - Clinical application of pharmacokinetics for antiarrhythmic drugs. AB - Tables 3 and 4 summarize the important pharmacokinetic characteristics of commonly-used antiarrhythmic agents. Pharmacokinetic principles are just as important to the clinician as they are to pharmacologists. For the pharmacologist they define the time course of processes involved in the absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs. For the clinician they provide basis for administering drugs to patients with disease processes which require a specific agent. Plasma concentration is generally related to efficacy and safety for many antiarrhythmic drugs and understanding the principles related to drug concentration in individual patients is necessary for rational use of many cardioactive agents. This paper provides an approach for the clinician to utilize the basic concepts of pharmacokinetics in practice. PMID- 6803704 TI - New concepts for antiarrhythmic drugs in the 1980's. AB - In the 1980's, arrhythmias will be treated with new drugs with increasing efficacy and safety. A better understanding of basic biology will provide the framework for the physician to deal with the problem areas presented. Better chemical techniques for assaying plasma concentration of primary drug and metabolite will provide the clinical basis for administering these new agents. The importance of altered protein binding on both the efficacy and safety of drugs will become better understood. Drug interactions will be appreciated for having both a beneficial and harmful effect in certain patient syndromes. Understanding factors which relate to the bioavailability of a drug will no doubt provide clues as to better administration patterns in most patients. The decade of the 1980's will prove exciting for the clinical pharmacologist and the cardiologist as they treat patients with cardiac arrhythmias. PMID- 6803705 TI - [Reproducibility of ventricular arrhythmias induced before and after drug therapy. Predictive value of their anti-arrhythmic effect]. PMID- 6803706 TI - [Difficulties of and importance in protocols of long-term studies of anti arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 6803707 TI - [Methodological critiques of protocols of clinical studies of anti-arrhythmia agents]. PMID- 6803708 TI - [Ethical problems posed by protocols of studies of anti-arrhythmia agents]. AB - Clinical trials of new drugs cannot be considered to be free of risk. Guide lines have been laid down to guarantee the objectivity and quality of the scientific study carried out by the clinical experts charged with the trial. The French Medical Code of Ethics and the recommendations on medical ethics of the World Health Association (Helsinki 1964; Tokyo 1975) aim to guarantee that all therapeutic clinical trials are useful in themselves, that the interests of the individual patient pass before those of society, and, finally, that all trials are carried out with the free and informed consent of patients. Sometimes the licitness of a therapeutic trial may be unclear, exceptions to the rule of informed consent may be necessary, and the nature of surveillance during the testing of potential risks may be difficult to determine. In these cases it is of the utmost value that the proposed trial be submitted to an ethical committee provided that its composition guarantees the competence of its opinions from the technical, ethical and judicial points of view. PMID- 6803709 TI - [Application of temporal Fourier analysis to gamma-cineangiography with technetium 99m. Value in the study of left ventricular total and regional motion]. PMID- 6803710 TI - [Congenital diverticula of the left ventricle]. PMID- 6803711 TI - [Idiopathic auriculo-ventricular block in young patients. Value of stress testing and the atropine test for the localization of the conduction disorder]. PMID- 6803712 TI - [Spontaneous pneumopericardium. Apropos of a case report]. AB - A patient operated for carcinoma of the bladder complicated by infection by anaerobic organisms developed pneumopericardium. Spontaneous pneumopericardium may or may not follow effraction of the pericardium. The following causes have been described: fistula with a tuberculous cavernoma, parenchymatous or pleural infection, carcinoma of the bronchus; oesophageal or gastro-pericardial fistulae arising from carcinoma or ulceration of the stomach or oesophagus; rupture of a mediastinal, hepatic or subphrenic abscess and, exceptionally, pericarditis complicated by fistulisation to the tracheo-bronchial tree. Pneumopericardium without effraction is caused by in situ gas production, a complication of pericarditis caused by anaerobic organisms; this may be a primary or a metastatic infection. Idiopathic pneumopericardium is included in this variety whilst "alveolar rupture" is usually considered in the group of pneumopericardial fistulae: air under pressure passes from the mediastinum into the pericardium by microscopic dissection (bronchitis, asthma, obstructive laryngitis, childbirth). The outcome and prognosis depends on the cause and type of effusion: pneumopericardium rarely contains air alone; serous fluid, blood or pus, are usually associated. PMID- 6803714 TI - [Late recurrence of atrioventricular block in acute anterior and/or septal myocardial infarcts. Discussion of the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Does the high incidence of post hospital sudden death in patients surviving acute anterior and or septal infarction complicated by transient intraventricular or atrioventricular block have any relation to a late recurrence of the conduction defect and is prophylactic permanent pacing justified from the outset? These questions remain controversial and, to illustrate the problem, two cases of infarction, one an extensive anterior infarct and the other a deep septal infarct are reported. Both developed late recurrences of atrioventricular block without recurrent myocardial infarction requiring permanent pacing. In practice, the usual poor prognosis of these infarcts make comparative survival studies very difficult. The authors suggest permanent pacing for a very restricted group of patients surviving acute anterior and or septal infarction complicated by transient complete atrioventricular block. PMID- 6803713 TI - ["Sudden death during continuous electrocardiographic recording with the Holter method"]. PMID- 6803715 TI - [Value of the sinus node recovery time. Apropos of 160 symptomatic sinus bradycardias]. PMID- 6803716 TI - [Sinus node function and atrioventricular conduction in 20 cases of sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6803717 TI - [Microcirculatory disorders of the interventricular septum. A possible cause of atrioventricular block]. PMID- 6803718 TI - [Echocardiographic anomaly of septal contraction after open heart surgery]. AB - The function of the interventricular septum (IVS) was studied by M mode echocardiography one month after open-heart surgery in 256 patients with valvular heart disease and without any accepted mechanism of abnormal septal motion. Systolic anterior motion of the IVS was observed in 44% of all the patients and was found to be more common in patients undergoing corrective aortic procedures (64%) than in patients undergoing corrective mitral (36%, p less than 0,01) or mitro-aortic (45% , p less than 0,01) procedures. In technically very adequate studies of 43 patients (33 with systolic anterior motion of the IVS) and 10 normal controls, the following observations were made: - the systolic anterior motion of the IVS was greater after aortic procedures than after mitral ones ( 5,64 +/- 1,44 mm, and -2,14 +/- 2,66 mm, p less than 0,005); - patients with systolic anterior motion of the IVS had reduced percentage systolic septal thickening (30,9 +/- 19,0%, p less than 0,02) and normal controls (56,1 +/- 21,0%, p less than 0,005); -the systolic anterior motion of the posterior epicardial echo was more pronounced in post-operative patients, both with abnormal (7,9 +/- 1,8 mm) and normal (7,8+/- 2,2 mm) septal motion, than in normal controls (4,8 +/- 0,7 mm p less than 0,001 and p less than 0,005, respectively); - no other known cause of systolic anterior septal motion were present in the post-operative patients. In conclusion, patients undergoing cardio pulmonary bypass demonstrated increased systolic anterior motion of the whole heart, which was thought to be related to the partial removal and/or the non closure of the pericardium. However, this feature was not the only mechanism for the abnormal post-operative motion of the IVS, as reduced contraction of the IVS was always found in these patients. This finding could be ascribed to myocardial per-operative injury, the exact nature of which remains unknown. PMID- 6803720 TI - [Prevention of arterial embolisms by the combination of dipyridamole and antivitamins K in patients with artificial valves. Apropos of a series of 314 operated valves]. PMID- 6803719 TI - [Prevention of systemic thromboembolic accidents in patients with artificial valve prostheses. Prospective study of an antivitamins K-dipyridamole combination]. PMID- 6803722 TI - [Mitral valve insufficiency associated with an ostium secundum interauricular communication. Angiographic and echocardiographic study of a series of 56 interauricular communications]. PMID- 6803721 TI - [Chronic splenomegaly and cardiac insufficiency. Hemodynamic study of 10 cases]. PMID- 6803723 TI - [Indirect evaluation of intrasinusal displacements of the dominant pacemaker in the open-chest dog]. PMID- 6803724 TI - [Right ventricular function in mitral-aortic valvulopathies]. PMID- 6803725 TI - [Diagnosis and evaluation of aortic insufficiency by continuous Doppler velocimetry of the subclavian artery]. PMID- 6803728 TI - [Statistical study of postoperative clinical data on 233 valve replacements. Evaluation of cold cardioplegia as a method of myocardial protection]. PMID- 6803726 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in the adult]. PMID- 6803727 TI - [Contribution of bidimensional echocardiography to the diagnosis of aortic dissections in emergencies]. PMID- 6803729 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation with membrane oxygenation in high-risk coronary surgery]. AB - The case of a patient operated for left main stem disease in which cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) lasted 7 hours because of acute severe myocardial failure is reported. A satisfactory recovery of autonomous hemodynamic function was achieved. This case illustrates the technical progress which has been made in CPB: reduction of blood cell trauma in the bypass circuits, improved oxygenation reducing the disturbances of tissue perfusion usually associated with bubble oxygenators. The use of hypothermia in vasoplegic patients also contributes to the reduction in the incidence of complications. These improvements result in the optimal recovery of ischemic myocardial fibres and reduce the need for pharmacological support which is always difficult to manage and which is often associated with unwanted side effects. PMID- 6803730 TI - [Disappearance of coronary collateral circulation during a crisis of spontaneous angina. The role of spasm]. AB - Disappearance of the collateral coronary circulation was observed during an attack of spontaneous angina. During coronary angiography, the patient developed precordial pain, ST depression in Leads I, II, III, AVL, AVF, and V2 to V6. The two coronary arteries were opacified: there was no change in the left coronary tree but the collateral circulation arising from the right coronary artery and revascularising the obstructed left anterior descending artery the ECG reverted to its previous state and the collateral circulation reappeared. This case suggests that coronary artery spasm may lead to disappearance of the collateral circulation. It raises problems of methodology in the demonstration of spastic phenomena and emphasises the role of the collateral circulation in the genesis of ischaemia. It is another illustration of coronary artery spasm accompanied by ST depression. PMID- 6803731 TI - [Rupture of a post-infarct ventricular aneurysm. Apropos of 3 cases cured surgically]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of post-infarction left ventricular aneurysm with localised rupture into the pericardium. The patients (3 men aged 54, 58 and 67 years old) had left ventricular aneurysms (2 anterior, I posterior) which ruptured early, between the second and tenth week. All presented with cardiogenic shock. The diagnosis was made by 2D echocardiography (I case) or by pericardial aspiration and angiography (2 cases). Good results were obtained by surgical evacuation of the hemopericardium and resection of the ventricular aneurysm with a follow-up of 3 to 12 months. The rarity of these cases is underlined: only three other similar cases appear to have been previously reported. PMID- 6803733 TI - [Gonadotropic insufficiency associated with the cytomegalic type of congenital adrenal hypoplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Two adolescents with chronic adrenal insufficiency, presumably secondary to the cytomegalic type of congenital adrenal hypoplasia, developed a gonadotropin deficiency at puberty, which was both delayed and incomplete. Endocrine studies demonstrated in plasma low LH levels which failed to increase after LH-RH, higher levels of FSH, low basal testosterone concentration but increasing normally after HCG stimulation. Azoospermia was demonstrated in one case. In parallel with those previously reported, these two new cases show that the association between gonadotropin deficiency and congenital adrenal hypoplasia is not accidental, even if the relationship between the two components of the syndrome is still unclear. PMID- 6803734 TI - [Continuous enteral feeding by nasoduodenal tube in premature infants with birth weight less than or equal to 1,200 g (author's transl)]. AB - 32 healthy or sick low birth weight infants (birth weight less than 1,200 g), surviving more than 48 hours with or without respiratory distress were fed by continuous enteral infusion of human milk through a nasoduodenal tube. By this method, oral caloric intake was increased quickly. This allowed early suppression of intravenous supplementation and lowered risks of metabolic and septic disorders. Precautions which are to be followed in order to lower intestinal complications are reported. PMID- 6803732 TI - [Traumatic tricuspid insufficiency with right-left atrial shunt]. AB - A particular form of traumatic tricuspid incompetence with a right-to-left interatrial shunt through a patent foramen ovale is reported. This case and six similar previously published reports have the following features in common: clinically, tricuspid incompetence is associated with cyanosis and raised jugular venous pressure, pulsatile hepatomegaly and a systolic murmur in the subxiphoid region in about half the cases. The ECG showed incomplete or complete right bundle branch block in six of the seven cases, associated with left anterior hemiblock in four cases. The right cardiac chambers were dilated in all cases. Diagnosis may be confirmed by cardiac catheterisation and selective angiocardiography. The outcome and tolerance of the condition depend on the underlying tricuspid lesions. Papillary muscle rupture imposes early surgical intervention. Rupture or elongation of the chordae is compatible with good tolerance over a number of years. PMID- 6803735 TI - [Gastro-intestinal disorders in premature neonates receiving early enteral feeding (author's transl)]. AB - Gastro-intestinal (G-I) disorders were studied in 95 premature neonates. Each child presented with at least one of the features usually associated with mesenteric ischemia. Nearly all the children had been fed early with tyndallized maternal milk. No certain necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) was observed; however, it was suspected in 4 children (4.2%) and in 7 (7.3%), minor changed occurred. Among the 13 factors examined which might be responsible for inducing NEC, only 2 were correlated with G-I disorders: low birth weight (less than 1,500 gm) and occurrence of secondary apnea or asphyxia incidents during mechanical ventilation. This study led to the following practical conclusion: maintenance of early enteral feeding in prematures theoretically at risk for G-I disorders, taking into account the low incidence of severe G-I impairments and of the advantages of such a feeding method, while carefully supervising intestinal symptoms; preventative and temporary interruption of feeding in low weight prematures, in case of acute asphyxia or hypoxia episodes. PMID- 6803736 TI - Spinal cord injury hypercalcemia: therapeutic profile. AB - During the course of hospitalization for comprehensive rehabilitation, a 14-year old boy with C4 spinal cord injury and hypercalcemia was treated with 5 different treatment regimens which were instituted to reduce the hypercalcemia and associated complications. These regimens included low calcium diet, steroids, oral phosphates, intravenous saline, diuretics, hyperalimentation, calcitonin and spironolactone in various combinations, and mobilization. Careful metabolic monitoring carried out throughout hospitalization permitted the evaluation in retrospect of the impact of each treatment regimen, and, to a lesser extent, the impact of their individual components. Among all the therapeutic modalities, the most effective variables in reducing hypercalcemia in this patient were mobilization in the form of wheelchair sitting for long-term effects, and saline, furosemide, and calcitonin for short-term effects. PMID- 6803737 TI - Efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa vaccines in the prevention and treatment of Pseudomonas infections in burned patients. PMID- 6803738 TI - Observations on a case of chronic myositis due to Sarcosporidia. PMID- 6803739 TI - Changing trends in the management of pancreatic trauma. AB - Forty-four patients were operated on for pancreatic trauma during the past three years. Twenty-one patients (48%) were treated by drainage alone, nine (21%) by distal resection, eight (19%) by duodenal diversion, and one (2%) by pancreatoduodenectomy. Active sump drainage was used in 27 patients (71%) and early enteral feeding by needle catheter jejunostomy in 24 (63%) postoperatively. Of the 38 patients who survived the initial operation, two (5%) died postoperatively. Pancreas-related complications occurred in 13 patients (34%). Comparison with earlier findings from our institution reveals (1) more frequent use of active sump drainage, (2) continued use of distal resection for suspected ductal injuries of the body or tail, (3) earlier postoperative nutrition by needle catheter jejunostomy, and (4) increased use of duodenal diversion for concurrent pancreatic and duodenal trauma. PMID- 6803740 TI - The many faces of neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6803741 TI - Treatment of anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6803742 TI - [Lactose malabsorption in adult patients at the Hospital das Clinicas de Ribeirao Preto]. AB - A standard oral lactose tolerance test (LTT) was performed in 32 white and 18 non white hospitalized Brazilian adults. A flat LTT was found in 22 (68,75%) white and in 17 (97,45%) non-white patients indicating a 78% overall rate of lactose malabsorption, Both lactose absorbers and malabsorbers showed a modal milk ingestion of less than a 1 glass/day. Symptoms related to milk consumption or lactose administration were more common among lactose malabsorbers. Estimations of disaccharidase activity in intestinal mucosa specimens obtained by peroral biopsy in 28 patients confirmed a high prevalence of lactose deficiency, and disclosed only one false result, in the patient with a flat LTT and high intestinal lactase levels. PMID- 6803744 TI - Thyroid function in 44 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. AB - In an endemic goiter area of West Germany (incidence of goiter, 19% to 32%), thyroid function was evaluated in 44 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with radioimmunoassay of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroxine-binding globulin, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, including the protirelin stimulation test. The presence of circulating anti-thyroid antibodies was sought by hemagglutination techniques. All patients were found to be euthyroid and thyroid antibody-negative. Clinical examination disclosed concomitant goiter in 36% (16/44). The data suggest that thyroid status is not relevant to the pathogenesis of ALS. PMID- 6803745 TI - Oligoclonal bands in myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6803743 TI - Valproate and clonazepam in the treatment of severe progressive myoclonus epilepsy. AB - Twenty-six adults with severe progressive myoclonus epilepsy (PME) were admitted to a long-term prospective clinical study; 19 were followed up for six years. The previous medication, phenytoin sodium and other antiepileptic drugs, was changed to valproate sodium (Deprakine [Finland]; Depakene Syrup, comparable US product), clonazepam (Clonopin), and phenobarbital, and the patients' conditions improved. After six years of follow-up, the favorable result continued. The mean plasma concentration in 26 patients after four months of follow-up was 27.8 +/- 6.9 mg/L for valproate, 0.053 +/- 0.025 mg/L for clonazepam, and 19.2 +/- 7.9 mg/L for phenobarbital. The clinical response was not in accordance with the plasma drug concentrations when the data of the whole population were statistically analyzed. The classification of disability of patients with PME into five degrees was useful. The longlasting favorable result suggests that the combination of valproate, clonazepam, and phenobarbital is the most effective therapy for severe PME. PMID- 6803747 TI - Experimental stroma herpes simplex keratitis. Influence of treatment with topical bromovinyldeoxyuridine and trifluridine. AB - Two compounds, bromovinyldeoxyuridine ([E]-5-[2-bromovinyl]-2'-deoxyuridine) and trifluridine (5-trifluoromethyl-2' deoxyuridine) were compared for their efficacy in the topical treatment of experimental stroma herpetic keratitis produced by the injection of live herpes simplex virus, type 1, into the corneal stroma of rabbits. The trifluridine was used as 1% eyedrops, whereas bromovinyldeoxyuridine was used as either 0.1% or 0.5% eyedrops. All three treatment regimens caused a substantial healing of stroma disease in comparison with placebo treatment. The bromovinyldeoxyuridine (whether used as 0.1% or 0.5%) proved superior to 1% trifluridine eyedrops when the treatment was started one day after virus inoculation. However, bromovinyldeoxyuridine and trifluridine were equally effective if the treatment was started seven days after infection. The 0.5% bromovinyldeoxyuridine eyedrops seemed to be more effective in controlling the complicating severe iritis and secondary glaucoma than either 0.1% bromovinyldeoxyuridine or 1% trifluridine. No toxic effects were observed with bromovinyldeoxyuridine in any eye, whereas 1% trifluridine produced punctate epitheliopathy in some eyes. PMID- 6803746 TI - Physiological evidence that periodontal collagen in the rat exists as fibres prior to histological fixation. AB - The hypothesis that the collagen in the periodontal membrane forms a thixotropic gel in life and that the arrangement seen in histological preparations is a fixation artifact was tested by comparing the effects of various agents on the position of teeth in isolated unfixed mandibles and on the length of bundles of rat tail tendon collagen. Changing from Ringer solution to deionized water produced a reversible shortening of fibres and extrusion of teeth. Sucrose solutions produced irreversible lengthening and intrusion. Glutaraldehyde generally produced no length changes in the fibres or movements of the teeth but made both the fibres and teeth unresponsive to further changes of solution. Six mandibles in Ringer solution were heated in 5 degrees C increments to 70 degrees C. Between 60 and 65 degrees C (denaturation temperature of soft tissue collagens) the incisor extruded by 60 +/- 15 (SD) micron. This extrusion did not occur in mandibles that had been stored in formalin. These results are consistent with at least part of the periodontal collagen existing as obliquely oriented fibres before fixation. This orientation is such that contraction of the fibres could produce an eruptive force. PMID- 6803748 TI - Carbon dioxide laser treatment of cutaneous hemangiomas and tattoos. AB - Many modalities have been advocated for the removal of cutaneous hemangiomas and tattoos, including dermabrasion, salabrasion, and surgical excision. These methods often result in incomplete removal, unsatisfactory wound healing, and excessive postoperative pain. In hopes of avoiding these problems and improving the results, the carbon dioxide laser has been used on 16 patients with 22 tattoos of the skin and 25 patients with cutaneous hemangiomas. This article describes the surgical techniques used for the carbon dioxide laser removal of these lesions and the postoperative care involved. The existing literature on the use of the carbon dioxide and argon laser for cutaneous lesions is reviewed. PMID- 6803749 TI - Immunologic study on the inner ear. Immunoglobulins in perilymph. AB - The immunoglobulin composition of perilymph (PL) was measured using electroimmunodiffusion, and transfer of serum antibodies to PL was studied using a passive hemagglutination test in chinchillas and guinea pigs. The mean values of IgG an albumin in PL were two to four times greater than those in CSF. In guinea pigs, IgA was found in 93% of the PL and 32% of the CSF samples, but in chinchillas only trace amounts of IgA were found in 50% of the PL and 15% of the CSF samples. No IgM was detected in PL or CSF of either species. This study suggests that a greater portion of the immunoglobulins in PL probably is derived from perilymphatic blood vessels as a filtrate and that the perilymphatic inner ear immune system is independent from that of the CSF. PMID- 6803750 TI - Peptide regulators in the ovarian follicle. AB - Data generated within the last several years have shown that follicular fluid contains substances, presumably peptide in nature, which exert potentially important effects on granulosa cells and the oocyte. This review briefly summarizes the current evidence concerning the nature and importance of these putative regulators including the luteinization inhibitor, oocyte maturation inhibitor, inhibitors of the binding of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, stimulators of ornithine decarboxylase and intrafollicular peptides with gonadotrophin-releasing activity. Although the existence of such activities has been clearly demonstrated, the evidence for a regulatory role of these agents in the control of ovarian physiology is not compelling. However, their occurrence must now be taken into account in our attempts to understand the mechanism of follicular growth, differentiation and atresia. PMID- 6803751 TI - An electrophoretically cryptic alcohol dehydrogenase variant in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Biochemical properties and comparison with common enzyme forms. AB - The biochemical properties of the heat-stable alcohol dehydrogenase variant ADH FCh.D. have been investigated and compared with those of the two common enzyme forms ADH-F and ADH-S. The results show that ADH-F and ADH-S differ with respect to substrate specificity, their response to high concentrations of secondary alcohols and their apparent Michaelis constants for three alcohols in two different buffer systems. In all these tests the enzyme ADH-FCh.D. resembles ADH S much more closely than ADH-F. It is concluded that if natural selection is to distinguish between the alleles AdhS and AdhFCh.D. then it most probably does so on the basis of the superior thermostability of ADH-FCh.D. The biochemical properties of all three enzymes are discussed in relation to the role of alcohol dehydrogenase in the exploitation of alcohol by D. melanogaster. PMID- 6803752 TI - Effect of organ culture on function of transplanted foetal pancreas. PMID- 6803754 TI - Acute subdural haematoma associated with von Willebrand's disease: a case report. PMID- 6803753 TI - Initial clinical experience with the EEA stapler. PMID- 6803755 TI - Perforated jejunal diverticulum containing a smooth muscle tumour. PMID- 6803756 TI - Mycotoxins in animal feeds and toxic fungi in Queensland 1971-80. AB - During the years 1971 to 1980, 355 samples of animal feeds submitted to this laboratory in connection with suspected mycotoxicoses were analysed for aflatoxins. Most major Queensland agricultural crops were represented. Aflatoxins were detected in 67 samples, 45 of which were peanut meals and by-products (55% of all peanut materials analysed). Of 200 Aspergillus flavus isolates cultured on maize meal, aflatoxins were produced by 49%. Ochratoxin A was detected in one sample of another 25 feeds analysed for the compound. Ochratoxin A was produced by 28% of 47 A. ochraceus isolates, and two Fusarium equiseti isolates produced zearalenone. The present situation with regard to mycotoxins and mycotoxicosis in Queensland is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6803757 TI - Circulating gonadotrophins and urinary oestrogens in postmenopausal diabetic women. AB - Serum FSH and LH and total urinary oestrogens were measured in 20 mature onset postmenopausal diabetic women and compared to 20 nondiabetic women matched for age, years since menopause, surface area and per cent ideal weight. Significantly higher levels of urinary oestrone, oestradiol and oestriol and significantly lower levels of FSH and LH were found in the diabetic women. Closer analysis of these findings showed that the differences were maintained for the diabetics who required insulin for adequate control, whereas diabetics controlled on diet alone or diet and oral hypoglycaemic drugs were not significantly different from control subjects except in urinary oestrone excretion. PMID- 6803758 TI - Light-dependent pupation site preferences in Drosophila. II. Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. AB - Drosophila melanogaster prefers to pupate in the dark, while its sibling species, D. simulans, prefers the light when the species are tested in isolation and when cultured and tested together. Reciprocal interspecific hybridizations were carried out and the F1 individuals were tested. Progeny from the cross of D. melanogaster females with D. simulans males chose pupations sites exactly intermediate between those of the two parental species, while the reciprocal cross offspring preferred light pupation sites. The pupation site preferences (PSPs) of the hybrids are compatible with a sex-linked locus or loci influencing light-dependent PSP in this pair of species. Examination of light preferences of larvae prior to the late third instar demonstrates that these preferences are highly specific, being restricted to the time just before pupation. During the first two larval instars D. melanogaster is quite photopositive while D. simulans is comparatively photoneutral. These differences in light-dependent behaviour could aid in reducing competition between the two species. PMID- 6803759 TI - [Differential diagnosis: patella cubiti]. PMID- 6803760 TI - Characterization of a high-molecular-weight form of human acrosin. Comparison with human pancreatic trypsin. AB - A high-molecular-weight form of acrosin (alpha-acrosin, EC 3.4.21.10) was extracted from spermatozoa obtained from frozen semen and purified over 300-fold. Purification was effected by sequential use of Sephadex G-150, CM-cellulose and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Properties of human acrosin were compared with those of human pancreatic trypsin. The molecular weight (Mr) of acrosin (70000) was greater than that of trypsin (Mr 21000). Isoelectric points for acrosin (pI = 9.0) and trypsin (pI = 8.2) were also different. alpha-N-Benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester was hydrolysed 50% more rapidly by acrosin than by trypsin. Acrosin had similar kcat. values for the hydrolysis of esters with different acylating groups (i.e. benzoyl-L-arginine and p-tosyl-L-arginine esters). In contrast, trypsin had dissimilar kcat. values for the hydrolysis of esters with different acylating groups. Kinetic data argue against deacylation as the rate-limiting step in ester hydrolysis by acrosin. Acrosin was less sensitive than trypsin to inhibition by 7 amino-1-chloro-3-L-tosylamidoheptan-2-one ('TLCK'), di-isopropyl fluorophosphate and soya-bean trypsin inhibitor. D-Fructose and D-arabinose inhibited acrosin, but had no effect on trypsin. The data indicate that definite differences exist between human acrosin and trypsin. PMID- 6803761 TI - Affinity chromatography and immunosorption with acetylcholine receptor attached to nylon tubes. AB - Nylon-linked proteins were used for affinity trapping and chromatography. As representative examples purified acetylcholine receptor, alpha-cobratoxin and bovine serum albumin were coupled to the activated matrix to serve as biospecific ligands. In particular, acetylcholine receptor was coupled without significant loss of biochemical properties. The resulting affinity tubes bind receptor specific ligands including immunoglobulins and thus can be used for affinity chromatographic purposes and immunoassays. PMID- 6803762 TI - Rapid removal of acetimidoyl groups from proteins and peptides. Applications to primary structure determination. AB - Methylamine buffers can be used for the rapid quantitative removal of acetimidoyl groups from proteins and peptides modified by treatment with ethyl or methyl acetimidate. The half-life for displacement of acetimidoyl groups from fully amidinated proteins incubated in 3.44 M-methylamine/HCl buffer at pH 11.5 and 25 degrees C was approx. 26 min; this half life is 29 times less than that observed in ammonia/HCl buffer under the same conditions of pH and amine concentration. Incubation of acetimidated proteins with methylamine for 4 h resulted in greater than 95% removal of acetimidoyl groups. No deleterious effects on primary structure were detected by amino acid analysis or by automated Edman degradation. Reversible amidination of lysine residues, in conjunction with tryptic digestion, has been successfully applied to the determination of the amino acid sequence of an acetimidated mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain peptide. The regeneration of amino groups in amidinated proteins and peptides by methylaminolysis makes amidination a valuable alternative to citraconoylation and maleoylation in structural studies. PMID- 6803763 TI - Kinetic studies of the fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex from Euglena gracilis variety bacillaris. AB - A fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex was purified from Euglena gracilis variety bacillaris. The fatty acid synthetase activity is specifically inhibited by antibodies against Escherichia coli acyl-carrier protein. The Euglena enzyme system requires both NADPH and NADH for maximal activity. An analysis was done of the steady-state kinetics of the reaction catalysed by the fatty acid synthetase multienzyme complex. Initial-velocity studies were done in which the concentrations of the following pairs of substrates were varied: malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA, NADPH and acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA and NADPH. In all three cases patterns of the Ping Pong type were obtained. Product-inhibition studies were done with NADP+ and CoA. NADP+ is a competitive inhibitor with respect to NADPH, and uncompetitive with respect to malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. CoA is uncompetitive with respect to NADPH and competitive with respect to malonyl-CoA and acetyl-CoA. When the concentrations of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA were varied over a wide range, mutual competitive substrate inhibition was observed. When the fatty acid synthetase was incubated with radiolabelled acetyl-CoA or malonyl-CoA, labelled acyl-enzyme was isolated. The results are consistent with the idea that fatty acid synthesis proceeds by a multisite substituted-enzyme mechanism involving Ping Pong reactions at the following enzyme sites: acetyl transacylase, malonyl transacylase, beta-oxo acyl-enzyme synthetase and fatty acyl transacylase. PMID- 6803764 TI - Aphidicolin does not inhibit DNA repair synthesis in ultraviolet-irradiated HeLa cells. A radioautographic study. AB - A radioautographic examination of nuclear DNA synthesis in unirradiated and u.v. irradiated HeLa cells, in the presence and in the absence of aphidicolin, showed that aphidicolin inhibits nuclear DNA replication and has no detectable effect on DNA repair synthesis. Although the results establish that in u.v.-irradiated HeLa cells most of the DNA repair synthesis is not due to DNA polymerase alpha, they do not preclude a significant role for this enzyme in DNA repair processes. PMID- 6803765 TI - The role of lipoic acid residues in the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli. AB - Two lipoic acid residues on each dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) chain of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli were found to undergo oxidoreduction reactions with NAD+ catalysed by the lipoamide dehydrogenase component. It was observed that: (a) 2 mol of reagent/mol of E2 chain was incorporated when the complex was incubated with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of acetyl-SCoA and NADH; (b) 4 mol of reagent/mol of E2 chain was incorporated when the complex was incubated with N-ethylmaleimide in the presence of NADH; (c) between 1 and 2 mol of acetyl groups/mol of E2 chain was incorporated when the complex was incubated with acetyl-SCoA plus NADH; (d) 2 mol of acetyl groups/mol of E2 chain was incorporated when the complex was incubated with pyruvate either before or after many catalytic turnovers through the overall reaction. There was no evidence to support the view that only half of the dihydrolipoic acid residues can be reoxidized by NAD+. However, chemical modification of lipoic acid residues with N-ethylmaleimide was shown to proceed faster than the accompanying loss of enzymic activity under all conditions tested, which indicates that not all the lipoyl groups are essential for activity. The most likely explanation for this result is an enzymic mechanism in which one lipoic acid residue can take over the function of another. PMID- 6803767 TI - Comparative studies of four monoclonal antibodies to phenylalanine hydroxylase exhibiting different properties with respect to substrate-dependence, species specificity and a range of effects on enzyme activity. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies to phenylalanine hydroxylase are described. Two are inhibitory (PH alpha 1-1 and PH alpha 2-1-1 antibodies), one is stimulatory (B5-1 antibody) and one has no effect on enzyme activity (PH alpha 3-0 antibody). Their properties are compared. Two antibodies (PH alpha 1-1 and B5-1 antibodies) bind primate and rodent phenylalanine hydroxylase, whereas the other two (PH alpha 2-1 1 and PH alpha 3-0 antibodies) bind only the primate enzyme. The binding of PH alpha 1-1 antibody to phenylalanine hydroxylase is dependent on substrate phenylalanine, whereas the binding of the others is not influenced by phenylalanine. Affinity adsorbents prepared from the four antibodies purified phenylalanine hydroxylase substantially (greater than 80% purity) in one step, except for a PH alpha 3-0 antibody--Sepharose column, which behaved anomalously. Two previous publications described the isolation and preliminary characterization of B5 and PH alpha 1-1 antibodies. PH alpha 2-1-1 and PH alpha 3 0 antibodies are reported for the first time. PMID- 6803766 TI - Lipoic acid residues in a take-over mechanism for the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli. AB - The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of Escherichia coli contains two lipoic acid residues per dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain, and these are known to engage in the part-reactions of the enzyme. The enzyme complex was treated with trypsin at pH 7.0, and a partly proteolysed complex was obtained that had lost almost 60% of its lipoic acid residues although it retained 80% of its pyruvate dehydrogenase-complex activity. When this complex was treated with N ethylmaleimide in the presence of pyruvate and the absence of CoASH, the rate of modification of the remaining S-acetyldihydrolipoic acid residues was approximately equal to the accompanying rate of loss of enzymic activity. This is in contrast with the native pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, where under the same conditions modification proceeds appreciably faster than the loss of enzymic activity. The native pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was also treated with lipoamidase prepared from Streptococcus faecalis. The release of lipoic acid from the complex followed zero-order kinetics for most of the reaction, whereas the accompanying loss of pyruvate dehydrogenase-complex activity lagged substantially behind. These results eliminate a model for the enzyme mechanism in which specifically one of the two lipoic acid residues on each dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase chain is essential for the reaction. They are consistent with a model in which the dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component contains more lipoic acid residues than are required to serve the pyruvate decarboxylase subunits under conditions of saturating substrates, enabling the function of an excised or inactivated lipoic acid residue to be taken over by another one. Unusual structural properties of the enzyme complex might permit this novel feature of the enzyme mechanism. PMID- 6803768 TI - Isolation and characterization of polypeptide at the picomole level. Pre-column formation of peptide derivatives with dimethylaminoazobenzene isothiocyanate. AB - Polypeptides coupled with dimethylaminoazobenzene isothiocyanate through their amino groups to form dimethylaminoazobenzenethiocarbamoyl- (DABTC-)peptides can be separated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and detected in the visible region (436 nm). As little as 1 ng (2 pmol) of a DABTC pentapeptide can be identified against a stable base-line with the signal-to noise ratio of 10. The DABTC-peptides can also be recovered from the column, and their N-terminal amino acids (obtained by direct treatment with aqueous acid) and amino acid compositions and sequences can be all analysed at the picomole level. The power of this method is demonstrated by the complete separation and characterization of model peptides, peptide hormones and peptides derived from enzymic fragmentation of proteins. This new technique should provide a sensitive and efficient tool for peptide analysis at the nanogram level. PMID- 6803769 TI - Amino acid analysis at the picomole level. Application to the C-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptides. AB - Amino acids labelled with dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl chloride can be separated by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and detected in the visible region (436 nm). All 19 naturally occurring amino acids can be separated on a Zorbax ODS column by employing two different gradient systems consisting of an acetonitrile/aqueous buffer mixture. As little as 2--5 pmol of an individual dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonyl-amino acid can be quantitatively analysed with reliability, and only 10--30 ng of the dimethylaminoazobenzenesulphonylated protein hydrolysate is needed for each complete amino acid analysis. This new technique is as sensitive as any of the current amino acid analysis methods involving ion-exchange separation plus fluorescence detection, and is technically much simpler. By the combination of this sensitive amino acid-analysing technique with carboxypeptidase, we have been able to determine the C-terminal sequence of polypeptides at the picomole level. PMID- 6803770 TI - N-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptide at the picomole level. AB - This paper describes a manual method for N-terminal sequence analysis of polypeptides at subnanomole sensitivity. The polypeptide is degraded stepwise by using the dimethylaminoazobenzene isothiocyanate/phenyl isothiocyanate double coupling method, and the released dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoins of amino acids were identified by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoins are coloured compounds and can be detected in the visible region with the sensitivity limit of 1 pmol (signal-to-baseline noise ratio 5). A high-pressure liquid-chromatographic method was developed for complete analysis of all amino acid dimethylaminoazobenzenethiohydantoin derivatives, including the by-products of serine and threonine. Thus, without use of an automatic sequenator or radioactive materials, it is possible to determine the complete sequence of peptides and N-terminal sequence of proteins with less than 1 nmol of material. PMID- 6803771 TI - Limited proteolysis and proton n.m.r. spectroscopy of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli. AB - The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex of Escherichia coli was treated with trypsin at pH 7.0 at 0 degrees C. Loss of the overall catalytic activity was accompanied by rapid cleavage of the lipoate succinyltransferase polypeptide chains, this apparent Mr falling from 50 000 to 36 000 as judged by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. A slower shortening of the 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylase chains was also observed, whereas the lipoamide dehydrogenase chains were unaffected. The inactive trypsin-treated enzyme had lost the lipoic acid-containing regions of the lipoate succinyltransferase polypeptide chains, yet remained a highly assembled structure, as judged by gel filtration and electron microscopy. The lipoic acid containing regions are therefore likely to be physically exposed in the complex, protruding from the structural core formed by the lipoate succinyltransferase component between the subunits of the other component enzymes. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex revealed the existence of substantial regions of polypeptide chain with remarkable intramolecular mobility, most of which were retained after removal of the lipoic acid-containing regions by treatment of the complex with trypsin. By analogy with the comparably mobile regions of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of E. coli, it is likely that the highly mobile regions of polypeptide chain in the 2-oxoglutarate complex are in the lipoate succinyltransferase component and encompass the lipoyl-lysine residues. It is clear, however, that the mobility of this polypeptide chain is not restricted to the immediate vicinity of these residues. PMID- 6803773 TI - Secondary structures of hyaluronate and chondroitin sulphates. A 1H n.m.r. study of NH signals in dimethyl sulphoxide solution. AB - 1H n.m.r. spectra in [2H6]dimethyl sulphoxide of dodecyltrimethylammonium salts of chondroitin sulphates and hyaluronate, or sodium salts of oligomers from hyaluronate, showed unambiguous NH signals. The acetamido NH occurs in two different environments: environment I ('normal') in simple sugars, and environment II (hydrogen-bonded NH) appearing in tri- or tetrasaccharides, indicating a secondary structure in hyaluronate (and some chondroitin sulphates) involving a hydrogen-bonded acetamido NH. PMID- 6803772 TI - Purification and characterization of methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyltransferase I in Bacillus subtilis. AB - A methyltransferase that methylates one of the proteins involved in chemotactic adaptation to sensory stimuli in Bacillus subtilis was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme utilizes S-adenosylmethionine as donor for a methyl group that is transferred to a glutamate residue in a 69 000-mol.wt. membrane protein and also to a protein of 19 000 mol.wt. The molecular weights of the denatured enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and of the native enzyme by gel-filtration chromatography both show the protein to be a 44 000 mol.wt. monomer. Isoelectric focusing of the purified methyltransferase showed the protein to be a single species with isoelectric point pI 5.4. On the basis of a molecular weight of 44 000, the molar absorption coefficient at 262 nm of the enzyme is 10.9 x 10(4) M-1 . cm-1. The Km of the enzyme for S-adenosylmethionine is about 2 microM. The Ki for S-adenosylhomocysteine is about 0.2 microM. Ca2+ is a competitive inhibitor of methylation, with a Ki of 0.065 microM. The enzyme methylates membranes from the wild-type more efficiently than membranes isolated from a mutant strain defective in chemotaxis. The enzyme is unable to methylate Escherichia coli membranes. PMID- 6803774 TI - 31P N.m.r. evidence for the presence of triphosphate residues in lipopolysaccharides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6803776 TI - Interaction of antibody-bearing small unilamellar liposomes with target free antigen in vitro and in vivo. Some influencing factors. AB - Affinity chromatography-purified and non-purified rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) raised against human immunoglobulin M (IgM) or kappa chain was incorporated into carboxyfluorescein-containing small unilamellar liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and phosphatidic acid (molar proportions 7:7:1). IgG incorporation was carried out by co-sonicating the immunoglobulin with the lipids (30% incorporated) (method A) or by interacting it with preformed liposomes bearing goat anti-(rabbit IgG) IgG (63 and 70% incorporated) (method B). (1) Judging from liposomal carboxyfluorescein-latency values, incorporation of IgG by either method did not affect liposomal stability. Furthermore, treatment of liposomes with papain released 75.1% (method A) and 93.3% and 95.1% (method B) of the IgG, suggesting that most of its antigen-recognizing Fab regions were available on the liposomal surface. This was strongly supported by the immunoelectrophoretic detection of Fab in papain-released products. (2) Liposomes bearing purified anti-IgM IgG bound 30%, (method A) and 45% (method B) of IgM in buffer. These values wee about 6-fold greater (both methods) than those obtained with corresponding liposomes bearing non-purified IgG. Binding of liposomes bearing anti-(kappa chain) IgG to kappa chain in buffer was 37% of that added. In the presence of mouse blood or serum, binding of IgM to liposomes bearing purified anti-IgM IgG was decreased slightly (24 and 30% for methods A and B). However, because of the nearly complete abolition of IgM binding to liposomes bearing non-purified IgG, these values were now 20-25-fold greater than those obtained with liposomes bearing non-purified IgG. (3) In mice pre-injected with IgM, at least 36.1% and 37.7% of the antigen was bound to subsequently injected liposomes bearing anti-IgM IgG incorporated by methods A and B respectively. No binding occurred with liposomes bearing the non-purified IgG. (4) Cholesterol-rich small unilamellar liposomes bearing affinity chromatography purified antibodies may prove useful for the specific binding of free antigens in vivo. PMID- 6803775 TI - The absence of triphosphate or metaphosphate residues from lipopolysaccharides of the seven Fisher immunotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6803780 TI - Immunological analysis of the roles of two major types of cytochrome P-450 in mutagenesis of compounds isolated from pyrolysates. PMID- 6803779 TI - Vitamin K1 hydroquinone formation catalyzed by DT-diaphorase. PMID- 6803778 TI - Hydrogenosomes in the rumen protozoon Dasytricha ruminantium Schuberg. AB - This paper reports for the first time the presence in the anaerobic rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium (Schuberg) of microbody-like organelles, about 0.5 micrometer diameter, with a granular matrix and an equilibrium density of approx. 1.18 g/ml. These organelles can be isolated in a fraction sedimented at 10(5) g min that contains 67% of the total pyruvate synthase (EC 1.2.7.1), 66% of the hydrogenase (EC 1.18.3.1) and 20% of the lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27). Thus in several respects this fraction is enzymically similar to those containing hydrogenosomes in some other parasitic anaerobic protozoa (the trichomonads). However, in contrast with the hydrogenosomes of trichomonads, the oxygen-tolerant enzyme malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (EC 1.1.1.40) is not particulate, but occurs only in the cytosol. These results enable the proposal of a scheme for the pathway of product formation (acetate, lactate, CO2 and H2) from carbohydrates. PMID- 6803777 TI - The catalytic activity of phosphorylase b in the liver. With a note on the assay in the glycogenolytic direction. AB - 1. The activity and the kinetic properties of purified hepatic phosphorylases a and b from rabbit and rat have been investigated in the glycogenolytic direction with a radiochemical assay. 2. In contrast with the a form, phosphorylase b has an absolute requirement for both AMP and a lyotropic salt. When the latter effectors are included, the b/a-form activity ratio remains low (0.03-0.15) at the hepatic concentration of Pi, because the b form has an exceedingly low affinity for this substrate. 3. Only phosphorylase b is significantly inhibited by glucose, glucose 6-phosphate and MgATP2-. Assays in the presence of substrastes, stimulators and inhibitors in the physiological concentration range indicate that glycogenolysis in the liver depends strictly on the conversion of phosphorylase b into a. Even at 1 mM-AMP the b/a-form activity ratio does not exceed 0.01. 4. Current spectrophotometric procedures for the glycogenolytic assay of phosphorylase in crude liver preparations are highly specific for the a form; the measurement of total phosphorylase (a + b) would require impractical modifications, and is better performed in the direction of glycogen synthesis. PMID- 6803781 TI - Calcium-calmodulin dependent phosphorylation of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. PMID- 6803782 TI - Abnormal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in the liver microsomes of riboflavin deficient rats. PMID- 6803783 TI - Preliminary characterization of chelation-sensitive nucleoprotein particles. PMID- 6803784 TI - The effect of limited proteolysis on enzymatic, binding and immunological properties of ligandin. PMID- 6803785 TI - Role of calcium ions in the stimulatory actions of luteinizing hormone in isolated ovarian cells: studies with divalent-cation ionophores. PMID- 6803786 TI - Mechanisms of hydroxylation by cytochrome P-450: exchange of iron-oxygen intermediates with water. PMID- 6803787 TI - Lipoamide dehydrogenase in vitamin B2-deficient rat liver. PMID- 6803788 TI - Protection of prostaglandin H synthase from trypsin upon binding of heme. PMID- 6803791 TI - Ca2+-induced hydrophobic site on calmodulin: application for purification of calmodulin by phenyl-Sepharose affinity chromatography. PMID- 6803790 TI - Analysis of Y chromosome nucleolar organizer mutants in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6803789 TI - Methionine synthesis from 3-methylthioribose in apple tissue. PMID- 6803792 TI - Transformation of arachidonic acid in the rat anterior pituitary. PMID- 6803794 TI - Novel epoxides formed during the liver cytochrome P-450 oxidation of arachidonic acid. PMID- 6803795 TI - Glycosylation of human LDL and its metabolism in human skin fibroblasts. PMID- 6803796 TI - Stimulation of DNA synthesis in murine fibroblasts by the tumour promoter teleocidin: relationship to phorbol esters and vasopressin. PMID- 6803798 TI - Aphidicolin promotes repair of potentially lethal damage in irradiated mammalian cells synchronized in S-phase. PMID- 6803797 TI - Calmodulin antagonists inhibit electron transport in photosystem II of spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 6803799 TI - Prostaglandins F2 alpha produced by rabbit renal slices is not a metabolite of prostaglandins E2. PMID- 6803800 TI - Induction of polysubstrate monooxygenase and aflatoxin production by phenobarbitone in Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240. PMID- 6803801 TI - Compartmentalization of polyamines in mammalian cells. PMID- 6803804 TI - Stimulation of human neutrophil degranulation with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetyl-SN glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine: modulation by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6803803 TI - Chromatographic comparison of chondroitin-containing proteoglycan from small and large bovine ovarian follicles. PMID- 6803793 TI - The lipoxygenase product, 5-hydroperoxy-arachidonic acid, augments chemotactic peptide-stimulated arachidonic acid release from HL60 granulocytes. PMID- 6803805 TI - Identity of peroxy radicals produced from arachidonic acid in oxygenated solutions as studied by pulse radiolysis technique. PMID- 6803806 TI - Transport of an immunoglobulin light chain fragment across the endoplasmic reticulum does not require an amino terminal variable region: implications for the signal hypothesis. PMID- 6803802 TI - Sequential metabolism of 5'-isobutylthioadenosine by methylthioadenosine phosphorylase and purine-nucleoside phosphorylase in viable human cells. PMID- 6803807 TI - Trends in the biochemical pharmacology of 5'-deoxy-5'-methylthioadenosine. PMID- 6803808 TI - Decreased drug binding in uraemia: effect of indoxyl sulphate and other endogenous substances on the binding of drugs and dyes to human albumin. AB - Ten uraemic metabolites, alone or in combination, have been investigated by equilibrium dialysis for their effect on the binding of methyl red, methyl orange, 2-(4'-hydroxybenzeneazo)benzoic acid (HABA), phenytoin and L-tryptophan to human albumin (HSA). Indoxyl sulphate emerges as a substance likely to inhibit binding in vivo while the other metabolites were unlikely to be implicated in the binding defect of uraemic plasma. The effects of indoxyl sulphate, on the binding of HABA and methyl red, studied by equilibrium dialysis and spectroscopy respectively, indicated competitive inhibition. The results suggest that indoxyl sulphate and indole carboxylic acids may contribute to the binding defect of uraemic plasma. PMID- 6803809 TI - Effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in human lymphocytes. AB - The role of arachidonic acid metabolism (or metabolites) in the modulation of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid transport in resting and concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes was evaluated using previously characterized inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. Nordihydroguairetic acid (a nonselective antioxidant), 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (an inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase activities), indomethacin and acetylsalicylic acid (selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors), and 1-benzylimidazole, Ro-22-3581 and Ro-22-3582 (thromboxane synthetase inhibitors) proved to be potent inhibitors of amino acid transport activity in normal resting and lectin-activated lymphocytes at concentrations known to decrease thromboxane A2 production. The rank order of effectiveness of these various inhibitors compared favorably with their relative potencies as inhibitors of thromboxane B2 synthesis under the same conditions, as determined by radioimmunoassay. Inhibitory effects noted were not due to overt cytotoxicity and seemed to involve changes primarily in the Vmax and not the Km of the transport process. Drug-induced alterations in the magnitude of concanavalin A binding were not observed. These results suggest that the activity of amino acid transport systems can be influenced by certain arachidonic acid metabolites, probably thromboxanes, in both stimulated and unstimulated lymphocytes. In addition, these findings may provide a partial explanation for the observation that inhibitors of thromboxane formation prevent lymphocyte mitogenesis. PMID- 6803812 TI - Effects of oral and intravenous fat administration on the levels of apoproteins A I, A-II and C-III in human. AB - Changes of plasma levels of apoproteins A-I, A-II and C-III were determined after oral and intravenous fat administration. The A-I levels increased in three out of four subjects after fat ingestion but no changes or even a slight decrease in the levels of A-I were observed after intravenous fat infusion. The A-II levels also increased after fat ingestion in two subjects but the levels either did not change or decreased slightly after fat infusion. The levels of C-III increased concomitantly with the increase of triglyceride levels after fat ingestion as well as fat infusion . After intravenous fat infusion, part of the C-III in the d greater 1.006 fraction shifted to the lighter fraction (d less than 1.006). These observations suggest that the increase in the levels of A-I and A-II after fat ingestion are a consequence of an increase in apoprotein synthesis in the intestine during fat absorption. The increase in the levels of C-III after fat ingestion as well as fat infusion seemed to be related to the capture of C-III inthe triglyceride rich particles, i.e. C-III accumulated in the circulation with triglyceride-rich particles. However, it appeared also to be possible that the rate of C-III synthesis increases during hyperlipidemia induced by fat infusion. PMID- 6803811 TI - Inhibition of galactosyltransferase by 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6803810 TI - Substrate stereospecificity and selectivity of catechol-O-methyltransferase for DOPA, DOPA derivatives and alpha-substituted catecholamines. AB - The substrate specificity of highly purified pig liver catechol-O methyltransferase has been investigated kinetically. This enzyme shows stereospecificity towards the naturally occurring L-isomer of 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) which has a higher affinity and maximal velocity as a substrate than the D-form. We have confirmed the implication of the in vivo study of Ito et al. [1], that methylation of 5-S-L-cysteinyl-L-DOPA is catalysed extremely slowly by catechol-O-methyltransferase, despite the comparatively high affinity of the enzyme for the substrate. Salbutamol is not a substrate for the enzyme and DL-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) is such a poor substrate that accurate kinetic analysis proved impossible. Alpha-substitution of DOPA, noradrenaline and isoprenaline causes a decrease in the affinity of catechol-O methyltransferase for these compounds. However, the "suicide' inhibitors of aromatic-L-amino acid decarboxylase (DOPA decarboxylase), fluoro- and difluoro alpha-methyl DOPA are more superior catechol-O-methyltransferase substrates than alpha-methyl DOPA, presumably because the electron-withdrawing effect of the presence of fluorine in their structure overcomes the steric influence of the alpha-methyl group. A DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor in clinical use, benserazide, is, however, a much superior catechol-O-methyltransferase substrate and may have the therapeutic advantage of decreasing methylation of L-DOPA [2]. Alpha-Methyl dopamine has a lower Km and higher Vmax than the parent compound. PMID- 6803813 TI - Discriminative value of lipids and apoproteins in coronary heart disease. AB - Serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and apoproteins, A1, A2 and B were determined in 70 male survivors of myocardial infarction and in an equal number of healthy controls, matched for age, sex and body mass index. In univariate analyses, the Apo B/Apo A1 ratio discriminated the best between cases and controls, giving a 72% exact classification. In a multivariate analysis, the Apo B/Apo A1 ratio, HDL-C and the Apo A2/Apo A1 ratio contributed independently to the discrimination of cases from controls while the overall exact classification was 82%. These promising results were comparable in younger and older subgroups. Thus, the determination of apoproteins yielded complementary information in this cross-sectional survey and warrants further study in a prospective setting. PMID- 6803815 TI - [Ear-acupuncture and endocrine secretion]. AB - We have investigated the possible influence of auricolar puncture over hormonal secretion. We have studied in 5 subjects the course of hormonal incretion determinable by only auricolar puncture and the second time making the same methodology united with the test of hypophyseal stimulation by "LH-RH-insulina TRH". The results show that it is not get any changes of the plasmatic rates of hypophiseal hormones, while we have observed a decrease of the plasmatic hydrocortisone rate when it was practised the only auricolar puncture. PMID- 6803816 TI - One-lung ventilation of children during surgical excision of hydatid cysts of the lung. AB - One-lung ventilation was used in 13 children, undergoing surgical excision of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Five had right-sided pulmonary cysts and eight had left cysts. An ordinary cuffed tracheal tube was introduced to the main bronchus of the healthy side. One-lung ventilation using 1-2% halothane in oxygen produced PaO2 values of 12.6-33.3 KPa and PaCO2 values of 4-6kPa. After operation there was a high frequency of right upper lobe collapse in cases of selective right bronchial intubation, but this cleared completely within 3-4 days. The technique proved to be a simple and effective method of isolating and ventilating the healthy lung. PMID- 6803817 TI - Effects of varying inspiratory flow waveform and time in intermittent positive pressure ventilation: emphysema. AB - Emphysema was induced in mongrel dogs by four weekly inhalations of papain. The effects of IPPV were studied using four different inspiratory flow waveforms and each at three different inspiratory times. Tidal volume and respiratory frequency were kept constant and inspiratory time and flow waveform were varied independently. There were statistically significant differences in a number of physiological variables. With a longer inspiratory time of 2.2s and with the reversed ramp flow waveform VD/VT was decreased. With the reversed ramp flow waveform there was a greater total compliance, increased (PAo2-Pao2) and reduced PaCO2. There were statistically significant differences in mean airway and oesophageal pressures which indicate valid differences in the flow waveforms and times. PMID- 6803814 TI - [Agglutinating antibodies against Listeria monocytogenes in healthy adult subjects]. AB - The prevalence of antibodies to L. monocytogenes, type 1 and type 4b, in 334 healthy adults of Liguria land was determined by serological agglutination test. Agglutinins at low titer to L. monocytogenes are present in 22.45% of cases; in 88% of these the titer is 1:40. On the whole, the incidence of antibodies to L. monocytogenes type 1 increases with age and is higher (53.33%) than to 4b (22.66%). The incidence of agglutinins to O-antigens of L. monocytogenes is higher than to H-antigens. PMID- 6803818 TI - Methaemoglobin formation after nitroglycerin infusion. PMID- 6803819 TI - Sodium valproate and cognitive functioning in normal volunteers. AB - 1 The effects of sodium valproate on the performance of a series of psychological tests and mood was studied. 2 Ten healthy male volunteers received sodium valproate and placebo, each for a period of 2 weeks, in a double-blind cross-over design. Dosage of sodium valproate was increased to 800 mg/day in the first week and to 1 g/day in the second week of treatment. 3 Psychological testing took place on three occasions, before and on completion of each of the two treatment periods. 4 The few significant differences between drug and placebo conditions indicated impairment on sodium valproate. 5 The findings are discussed in relation to those from a similarly designed study of the anticonvulsant phenytoin. Implications for epilepsy are also considered. PMID- 6803820 TI - Pharmacokinetics of diazepam in epileptic patients and normal volunteers following intravenous administration. AB - 1 The pharmacokinetics of diazepam following intravenous administration have been investigated in six normal volunteers and nine epileptic patients receiving chronic antiepileptic drug therapy. 2 After intravenous administration, serum diazepam levels declined biexponentially in all subjects. The elimination half life was significantly shorter and the plasma clearance significantly higher in the patients than in the normal volunteers. 3 Serum N-desmethyldiazepam levels were higher and the time to peak serum concentration was earlier in the epileptic patients than in the controls. 4 It is suggested that the metabolism of diazepam is induced in patients treated with enzyme inducing antiepileptic drugs, although a protein binding interaction between valproic acid and diazepam may contribute to the higher plasma clearance in the epileptic patients taking sodium valproate. PMID- 6803822 TI - Synthesis of immunoglobulins by human endocervix in organ culture. AB - The synthesis of immunoglobulins by the uterine cervix was investigated in an endocervical organ-culture system. Using Ouchterlony immunodiffusion gels immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and secretory piece were detected in washings of endocervical explants and in explant incubation medium. Synthesis of immunoglobulin in the organ-culture system was investigated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of radiolabelled polypeptides; 2 polypeptides co-migrated with the heavy and light chains of a reference polyclonal immunoglobulin G and were confirmed, by use of anti-human globulin and iodinated staphylococcal protein A, to be the heavy and light chains of immunoglobulin G. This experimental system will provide a useful model in future investigations of the efficacy of a local vaccine in human subjects. PMID- 6803823 TI - Electron beam therapy for difficult cutaneous basal and squamous cell carcinoma. AB - Electron beam therapy was used to treat twenty-nine patients with squamous or basal cell carcinomas considered unsuitable for surgery or conventional superficial X-ray therapy. Primary control failed in two patients at 2 and 5 years. Good cosmetic and functional results occurred in all patients treated. The advantages of this therapy in the management of cutaneous tumours which are difficult to treat are discussed. PMID- 6803821 TI - Effect of long-term treatment with sodium valproate on gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion in paediatric patients. AB - 1 Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin levels were measured in twenty paediatric patients receiving sodium valproate (30 mg/kg body weight daily) and in ten control subjects under control conditions and following LRH-TRH administration. In addition, baseline GH levels were measured in the two groups. 2 No significant differences were observed between the basal and stimulated hormone levels in the two groups. Although sodium valproate may act as anticonvulsant by increasing GABA levels in the central nervous system, the present data indicate that a central GABAergic pathway is probably not involved in the control of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion. PMID- 6803824 TI - Electron-beam treatment of scleromyxoedema. AB - A 42-year-old man is described with progressive scleromyxoedema. Clinical features included the development of transient central nervous system symptoms and a 5-year delay before the appearance of an IgG lambda-chain paraproteinaemia. Electron beam therapy resulted in significant improvement which lasted for 18 months. PMID- 6803825 TI - Simplified immunoradiometric assay for factor VIII coagulant antigen. AB - A simplified, non-competitive, solid phase immunoradiometric assay has been developed for the quantitation of factor VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg)--the antigenic counterpart of FVIII coagulant activity (VIII:C). Both homologous and heterologous antibodies to human factor VIII (FVIII) were used in this assay. Initially, FVIII in a test sample was attached to immobilized, human IgG obtained from a polytransfused haemophilia A patient with a high titre antibody to VIII:C. The bound FVIII was then detected using rabbit 125I-IgG specific for human FVIII. The concentration of VIII:CAg correlated well with VIII:C levels in the plasma from normal donors (r = 0.84, n - 15). Homozygote von Willebrand's disease patients had undetectable levels of VIII:CAg in their plasma. Patients with severe haemophilia A (VIII:C less than 0.01 u/ml) could be divided into groups on the basis of the VIII:CAg levels, i.e. those having undetectable VIII:CAg and other with measurable VIII:CAg. VIII:CAg detected in normal serum was less than 0.002 u/ml. In this assay the use of human antibody to FVIII is considerably decreased compared to other methods for VIII:CAg, and the time-consuming steps to immunopurify human anti-FVIII antibody are eliminated. PMID- 6803826 TI - Fibro-osseous lesions of the skull, face and jaws in Kaduna, Nigeria. PMID- 6803829 TI - Characterization of a highly soluble collagenous molecule isolated from chicken hyaline cartilage. AB - Recently, we have isolated a new collagenous molecule from chicken hyaline cartilage after limited pepsin digestion. This molecule, which contains interchain disulfide bonds, has been called the high molecular weight fraction or HMW [Reese, C. A., & Mayne, R. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5443-5448]. We now present a detailed model for the structure of HMW, the model being derived from analyses both of components of HMW obtained after denaturation either with or without reduction and from electron microscopic observation of replicas of HMW obtained after rotary shadowing. We propose that HMW is a typical, triple-helical collagen molecule of length 134 nm, in which one of the chains has been cleaved at a distance of 96 nm from one end of the triple helix, while the other two chains remain uncleaved. The result of this cleavage is the appearance of a recognizable kink in molecules of HMW when visualized after rotary shadowing. PMID- 6803827 TI - pH and temperature effects on the molecular conformation of the porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor as detected by hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - 1H NMR spectra of the porcine pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) have been recorded vs. pH and temperature. Of the two tyrosines, one titrates with a pK of 11.25, while the resonances from the other are pH insensitive in the investigated range 4.8 less than or equal to pH less than or equal to 12. This is consistent with PSTI having one Tyr solvent exposed (Tyr-20) and the other buried (Tyr-31). The resonances from the lysyl epsilon-CH2 protons titrate with a pK of 10.95. The titration is accompanied by a pronounced line broadening, which starts near pH 8.5. Between pH 11.5 and pH 12 the epsilon-CH2 resonances recover their low pH line width. Titration curves for the lysines and Tyr-20 reflect single proton ionization equilibria, suggesting that these residues do not interact among themselves. On the basis of double resonance experiments, combined with analysis of chemical shifts, spin-spin couplings, and line widths, all methyl resonances are identified and followed as functions of pH and temperature. The gamma-CH3 doublet from the N-terminal Thr-1 is assigned by comparison between spectra of forms I and II of the inhibitor, the latter lacking the first four residues of form I. The beta-CH3 resonance from Ala-7 is also assigned. Proton resonance parameters of methyl groups are shown to afford useful NMR probes for the characterization of local nonbonded interactions, microenvironments, and mobilities. PMID- 6803828 TI - Inactivation of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei by diethyl pyrocarbonate. AB - The role of histidine residues of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei was investigated with diethyl pyrocarbonate. This enzyme has no cysteine residues and differs in this respect from many nicotinamide nucleotide dehydrogenases, which have catalytically important sulfhydryl groups. X-ray studies of this enzyme have shown that histidine residues are involved in substrate binding but not in proton transfer [Matthews et al. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 6946]. Dihydrofolate reductase was inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate; the second-order rate constant for the reaction was 29 M-1 min-1 at 0 degrees C. The difference spectrum of native and diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated enzyme had a maximum near 242 nm, which indicated a reaction with histidine residues. The absence of any spectral difference near 280 nm indicated that diethyl pyrocarbonate had not reacted with tyrosine residues. Dihydrofolate reductase lost all of its enzymatic activity after about six of the seven histidine residues had been modified. No catalytic activity was lost during an initial rapid reaction with about four histidine residues, but a subsequent slower reaction involving an additional one or two residues was associated with the loss of activity. The enzyme was protected from inactivation by either of the substrates NADPH or dihydrofolate. In fact, treatment with diethyl pyrocarbonate in the presence of either substrate, but particularly with NADPH, resulted in substantially greater activity than that found with untreated enzyme. Treatment with 1 M hydroxylamine partially restored activity to dihydrofolate reductase that had been inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate. PMID- 6803830 TI - Purification and properties of an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - An aminoglycoside 3-acetyltransferase [AAC(3)], possibly a new isoenzymic species of the 3-N-acetyltransferase group, was purified to apparent homogeneity from a crude extract of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gentamicin-resistant clinical isolate. The method of purification was consecutive column chromatography--(i) gel filtration, (ii) affinity chromatography, and (iii) ion-exchange chromatography- to give two protein peaks, one of which was coincident with activity and which indicated a purification of 600 (specific activity = 9.743 units mg-1 at pH 7.2, 34 degrees C). Polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis indicated a single protein band coincident with enzymic activity. The molecular weight of the enzyme was about 39 000. AAC(3)-V (provisonal designation) was further characterized by stability, substrate, pH, and kinetic studies. The Km was 0.724 microM (sisomicin), and the Vmax was 0.102 mumol min-1 mg-1 (sisomicin) at pH 7.2 and 34 degrees C. Substrate inhibition was exhibited by kanamycin A and tobramycin. Studies showed that enzyme activity was significantly stabilized when preparations contained substrate. PMID- 6803831 TI - Chemotaxis in Bacillus subtilis: effects of attractants on the level of methylation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins and the role of demethylation in the adaptation process. AB - By performing in vivo methylation experiments and using highly resolving NaDodSO4 polyacrylamide gels, we have examined the effects of amino acid attractants on the methylation profile of Bacillus subtilis MCPs. Both increases and decreases have been found to occur in the level of methylation of these proteins. By using competition experiments and Conway diffusion cells, we have found that the demethylation event is correlated with the adaptation process. Gas chromatographic analysis indicates that methanol is evolved upon demethylation of these proteins. As more attractant receptors are titrated, corresponding increases in methanol evolution result. During this period of increased rate of methanol production, bacteria swim smoothly. PMID- 6803833 TI - Purification and biosynthesis of quench spot, a drosopterin precursor in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Pteridine biosynthesis has been examined in extracts of the heads of Drosophila melanogaster by measuring the conversion of dihydroneopterin triphosphate to sepiapterin and the "drosopterins" (six eye pigments that are dipterin derivatives). These two products share a common first step in the production of an intermediate that is a branch point from which both products are formed. This first step can be catalyzed by sepiapterin synthase or by an enzyme found in particles that sediment at 600g. A substance named "quench spot" was found earlier to be at low levels in the purple mutants that were defective in drosopterin synthesis and to be restored to normal when a suppressor mutant, su(s)2, restored drosopterins in purple to normal levels. The sepia mutant is also deficient in the levels of both quench spot and drosopterins. In this report we propose that quench spot is a precursor of drosopterins, but not sepiapterin, and that it is formed from the sepiapterin synthase intermediate mentioned above. An additional precursor that is formed independently of the sepiapterin synthase pathway is also proposed that would react with quench spot to form drosopterins. These proposals are based on the following: (1) quench spot biosynthesis is observed in extracts of Drosophila heads in which [U-14C]dihydroneopterin triphosphate is the substrate; (2) Mg2+ is required for the synthesis of quench spot but either NADH or NADPH causes diminished incorporation of the label; (3) extracts from heads of a purple mutant (prbwcn) contain only 30% of the quench spot biosynthetic activity as compared to heads from wild type (Oregon-R); (4) quench spot has been purified from heads of wild-type Drosophila; (5) addition of quench spot stimulates the biosynthesis of drosopterins in an enzyme preparation from Oregon-R. PMID- 6803832 TI - Frequency-dependent phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the phosphohistidine residue to succinyl-CoA synthetase and the phosphoserine residue of glycogen phosphorylase a. PMID- 6803834 TI - Reexamination of the binding site for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - The high specificity of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) for an essential lysyl residue of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase was confirmed, but half-of sites reactivity was not observed in contrast to an earlier report [Robison, P. D., Whitman, W. B., Waddill, F., Riggs, A. F., & Tabita, F. R. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4848-4853]. Subsequent to reduction with [3H]borohydride and tryptic digestion of the enzyme inactivated by PLP, the sole labeled peptide was purified by successive chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, SP-Sephadex, and Sephadex G-25. The peptide, recovered in good yield, appeared essentially homogeneous by amino acid analysis, peptide mapping, and sequencing. Automated Edman degradation established the peptide's sequence as Val-Leu-Gly-Arg-Pro-Glu Val-Asp-Gly-Gly-Leu-Val-Val-Gly-Thr-Ile-Ile-(PLP)Lys -Pro-Lys instead of Ala-Leu Gly-Arg-Pro-Glu-Val-Asp-(PLP)Lys-Gly-Thr-Leu-Val-Ile-Lys as reported by Robison et al. (1980) [Robison, P. D., Whitman, W. B., Waddill, F., Riggs, A. F., & Tabita, F. R. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 4848-4853]. The sequence -Ile-Lys-Pro-Lys- in the former is identical with that encompassing Lys-175 in the carboxylase/oxygenase from spinach, which reacts preferentially with PLP and two other affinity labels. This finding of homology greatly strengthens the supposition that Lys-175 in the spinach enzyme and the corresponding lysyl residue in the Rhodospirillum rubrum enzyme are active-site residues and furthermore increases the likelihood of their functionality in catalysis. PMID- 6803835 TI - Specific chemical modification of the readily nitrated tyrosine of the RTEM beta lactamase and of bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I. The role of the tyrosine in beta-lactamase catalysis. AB - The function of the hydroxyl group of the tyrosine residue readily nitrated by tetranitromethane (tyrosine-105) in the RTEM plasmid-derived beta-lactamase (penicillinase; penicillin amido beta-lactam-hydrolase, EC 3.5.1.6) from E. coli and in Bacillus cereus beta-lactamase I has been investigated by chemical modification methods. In the case of B. cereus beta-lactamase I the nitrated tyrosine can be acetylated by acetic anhydride without effect on beta-lactamase activity The nitrated tyrosine of the E. coli enzyme can also be acetylated but in this case beta-lactamase activity is lost in a manner which directly correlates with extent of acetylation. However, deacetylation of the nitrotyrosine does not restore activity. The dilemma created by the latter result has been resolved by development of a new method of tyrosine hydroxyl modification at low pH. The nitrated enzyme is reduced by dithionite and then treated with either carbonyldiimidazole or N-(2.2.2 trifluoroethoxycarbonyl)imidazole, both of which convert 3-aminotyrosine into benzoxazolinonylalanine. That the final modification has been achieved is demonstrated both by classical chemical methods and by employment of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to detect the characteristic benzoxazolinone carbonyl absorption. Further, it is shown that no significant loss of beta lactamase activity is associated with this modification. Hence in neither the B. cereus or the E. coli enzyme does the readily nitrated tyrosine residue have a direct chemical function at the beta-lactamase active site. PMID- 6803837 TI - The stabilization of in vivo assembled collagen fibrils by proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans. AB - The effects of proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans on the thermal stability of in vivo assembled collagen fibrils have been examined. The shrinkage temperature of tendon collagen was found to be linearly dependent on the concentration of chondroitin sulphate in the surrounding fluid. Enzymic pretreatment of articular cartilage, to reduce its glycosaminoglycan content, resulted in decreased stability of the collagen present. The stability of the collagen in hyaluronidase treated cartilage was found to be higher when measured in a solution of chondroitin sulphate (30 g/dl) than in buffer alone. The results of this study demonstrate that the proteoglycans stabilize collagen fibrils in tissues such as articular cartilage. PMID- 6803836 TI - Purification and physicochemical characterization of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein. AB - A large-scale purification method for alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein from normal human pooled serum is presented. 130 mg of alpha 2 HS was obtained from 21 of normal serum and the yield was 13.6%. Charge heterogeneity on isoelectrofocusing of this protein is mainly due to sialic acid. By the measurement of the circular dichroism spectrum, the alpha-helix content was calculated as 11% and the beta structure content was calculated as 21 to 33%. alpha 2HS consists of a single polypeptide chain (Mr 49,000) of which the N-terminal amino acid is alanine. The N-terminal sequence of 31 amino acids contains 19 hydrophobic residues. PMID- 6803838 TI - Action of glucoamylase from Aspergillus niger on phosphorylated substrate. AB - Glucoamylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.3) from Aspergillus niger was purified to be free from alpha-amylase and phosphatase (glucose 6 phosphate as substrate). The phosphatase was well separated from the glucoamylase by phosphocellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The glucoamylase action was prevented by the esterified phosphate groups of the substrate. Thus, the extensive action of the glucoamylase on potato starch exposed the 6 posphorylglucosyl residue of the starch at the non-reducing terminal and large molecular weight limit dextrins remained. The concomitant action of the phosphatase was necessary for the complete degradation of the starch. PMID- 6803840 TI - Decreased prostaglandin production in cultured smooth muscle cells from atherosclerotic rabbit aorta. AB - Prostaglandin synthesis in aortic smooth muscle cells originating from healthy an atherosclerotic rabbits was studied by incubating [14C]arachidonic acid with intact confluent cells and cell homogenates. In spite of a reduced 6-keto prostaglandin F1 alpha formation, no potentiating effect on the prostaglandin E2 generation occurred. Indeed, both cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin I2 synthetase activities appear to be reduced. These results suggest that an impaired arachidonic acid utilisation in aortic smooth muscle cells may be involved in the course of the atherosclerotic process. PMID- 6803839 TI - Enhanced proteolytic degradation of normal beta-galactosidase in the lysosomal storage disease with combined beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase deficiency. PMID- 6803841 TI - Molecular analysis of the phospholipids of Escherichia coli k12. AB - Phospholipids from Escherichia coli K12 were converted to 1,2-diacylglycerols with phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus. High-pressure liquid chromatography of 1,2-diacylglycerol p-methoxybenzoates on LiChrosorb RP-18 using 2 propanol/acetonitrile (35:65) as eluant permitted separation of 14 molecular species. The main combinations of fatty acids were 1-16:0-2-16:1, 1-16:0-2-cyclo 17:0 and 1-16:0-2-18:1. Positional isomers were not present. The 1,2-di-16:0 compound was present at a significant level (7-10 mol%). Proportions of molecular species varied between phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. Phospholipid from the outer membrane of E. coli K12 contained a lower level of molecules with two unsaturated chains than was present in the cytoplasmic membrane. The method is sensitive, has good resolving power and employs readily available equipment. PMID- 6803843 TI - The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I in human peripheral lymph. AB - The concentration of apolipoprotein A-I in peripheral lymph of eight apparently healthy subjects has been determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. Under steady-state conditions the average concentration of this apolipoprotein in lymph was 15.9 +/- 3.6 mg/dl, that is 12.24 +/- 2.3% of its concentration in plasma of the corresponding subjects. Apolipoprotein A-I could not be detected immunochemically in particles smaller than haemoglobin (Mr 67 000) when lymph was subjected to gel filtration on Sephacryl S300 superfine either by thin-layer or column modification of this method. Lymph and plasma from three subjects were fractionated by column gel filtration and apolipoprotein A-I determined by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis in delipidated fractions. It was found that the distribution of apolipoprotein A-I in lymph was shifted towards larger particles when compared to its distribution in plasma. PMID- 6803842 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism by cultured mesothelial cells. Different transformations of exogenously added and endogenously. AB - The capacity of cultured mesothelial cells to produce prostaglandins from both exogenous an endogenous arachidonic acid has been investigated. Incubations with labelled [1-14C]arachidonic acid and [1-14C]prostaglandin endoperoxide H2 indicated the formation of prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2. Evaluation of the transformation of endogenously released arachidonic acid, however, could only confirm the production of prostacyclin. PMID- 6803844 TI - Co-purification of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase with 2-aminobutyrate aminotransferase in rat kidney. AB - Alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and 2-aminobutyrate aminotransferase were co purified from rat kidney to a single protein (about 500-fold purified from the homogenate). The activity ratios of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase to 2 aminobutyrate aminotransferase were constant during co-purification steps suggesting the 2-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activity was catalysed by only alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be approx. 213 000, 220 000 and 236 000 by analytical ultracentrifugation, Sephadex G-150 gel filtration and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, respectively. From the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate, the enzyme consisted of four apparently similar subunits having a molecular weight of approx. 56 000. The enzyme was almost specific to L-alanine and L-2-aminobutyrate as amino donor and to glyoxylate, pyruvate and 2-oxobutyrate as amino acceptor. The enzyme was identified with rat liver alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzyme 2 but not with rat liver alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase isoenzyme 1 from Ouchterlony double diffusion analysis. Absorption spectra and some kinetic properties of the enzyme were clarified. PMID- 6803845 TI - The isolation, identification and characterization of sulfated glycosaminoglycans synthesized in vitro by human eosinophils. AB - Human eosinophils were purified to greater than 92% using 16-30% metrizamide gradients, and these cells cultured for up to 72 h in vitro to label sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Over 90% of the sulfated glycosaminoglycan-containing material was extracted in 4 M guanidine HCl and had a hydrodynamic size similar to a glycosaminoglycan marker with an approximate average molecular weight of 60,000. Treatment of this salt-extracted 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan-containing material with 0.5 M NaOH resulted in a change in mass to approx. 20,000 daltons, suggesting that the larger molecules were proteoglycans with side chains with an approximate molecular weight of 20,000. These salt extracted presumptive 35S labeled proteoglycans were protease insensitive and behaved in a highly charged fashion on DEAE-cellulose. The composition of 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans from human eosinophils as identified using selected polysaccharides was 70-81% chondroitin 4-sulfate, 9-12% chondroitin 6-sulfate, and 5-12% dermatan sulfate. The predominance of chondroitin 4-sulfate in human eosinophils is similar to the predominance of chondroitin 4-sulfate in human neutrophils and human platelets. PMID- 6803846 TI - Arachidonate is an antagonist of platelet activation by the endoperoxide analog U46619. PMID- 6803847 TI - [Propagation of electrical potential changes in filamentous cyanobacteria]. AB - Possible energy transmission along conjugating membranes was investigated. It was found by extracellular electrodes that under local illumination of blue-green algae Phormidium uncinatum the electrical current propagated along trichomes. The form and sign of the responses show that e. m. f. appears in the illumination region, which generates on the cellular membrane the potential difference with a negative charge inside the cell. The initiated transmembrane potential difference propagates along the filament of Ph, uncinatum like along a cable. The hypothesis concerning a cable structure of Ph, uncinatum was supported in the experiments with intersection of algae, and with intracellular injection of fluorescein showing the existence of direct diffusion exchange through cellular interfaces. PMID- 6803850 TI - [Analysis of the kinetics of transitional processes in biophysical research using a minicomputer]. PMID- 6803848 TI - [Active center of glycoamylase from Aspergillus awamori]. AB - The maltooligosaccharides--triose, tetrose, pentose and hexose have been obtained by fractionation of partially hydrolyzed cyclohexamylose. The values of free energies for the binding of the first six sites of glucose residue binding in the enzyme active center were calculated according to the Hiromi model and were found to be equal to -0.6, -4.5, -1.68, -0.66, -0.25 and +-0.06 kcal/mole, respectively. The Hiromi model was extrapolated to p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D glucoside, p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoside and methyl-alpha-D-glucoside. The energies for nitrophenol binding for the second, third and fourth centers and of the methyl group binding for the second and third centers were determined. The value of universal catalytic constant kcat is equal to 47.9 s-1 at 37 degrees. PMID- 6803849 TI - [Enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. Regulatory effect of the non-soluble substrate on the effectiveness of the enzymatic reaction]. AB - It was shown that one of the cellulase components, i.e. cellobiase, can be adsorbed on cellulose surface with the concomitant decrease of activity (by 10 times and more). The specific activity of the adsorbed cellobiase depends on the enzyme concentration in the adsorption layer and is increased with the increase in the surface concentration of cellobiase. It was found that variations in the amount of non-soluble cellulose and the corresponding changes in cellobiase activity in the system (as a result of the adsorption) can lead to a certain alteration in the shape of the kinetic curves for formation of intermediate cellobiose, which in its turn controls the rate of formation of the end product, i.e. glucose. Thus, the substrate surface causes a regulatory effect on the rate and kinetic mechanism of the enzymatic conversion of cellulose to glucose due to the adsorption effects. PMID- 6803855 TI - Pretransfusion tests and compatibility: questions of safety and efficacy. PMID- 6803851 TI - Deuterium NMR of water in immobilized protein systems. AB - Deuterium NMR spectra are reported for lysozyme crystals, powders, and frozen solutions. At high water contents the spectrum is a superposition of a narrow central component and a quadrupole doublet. The quadrupole splitting and the relaxation rates of both components, monitored as a function of water content and temperature, are discussed in terms of models for the water-protein interaction. The anisotropy of the water molecule motion is clearly demonstrated by the deuterium quadrupole splitting observed in the protein single crystal, but such splittings were not found in protein powders and frozen protein solutions. We therefore suggest that the most useful view of such data is to consider the water protein interactions at the surface to be mixed rapidly and that a distribution of interactions be invoked rather than an oversimplified view often taken of a two or n-site mixing where n is small. PMID- 6803852 TI - Buffer electrofocusing of Interleukin I. AB - Buffer electrofocusing, utilizing a mixture of low-molecular-weight buffer compounds to establish a stable linear pH gradient covering the range 3.5-6.0 on granulated gel media, has been employed in the purification of Interleukin I with good recovery of biological activity. The difficulties often experienced in the removal of commercial synthetic ampholytes after conventional preparative electrofocusing are avoided in this method. PMID- 6803853 TI - Mechanism of action of human activated protein C, a thrombin-dependent anticoagulant enzyme. PMID- 6803854 TI - Human platelet activation in the absence of aggregation: a calcium-dependent phenomenon independent of thromboxane formation. AB - In response to ionophore A 23187, thrombasthenic and EDTA-treated control platelet-rich plasmas (PRP) undergo a change in light transmission (LT) accompanied by a normal 14C-serotonin (5HT) release and thromboxane (TX) synthesis in the absence of aggregation. Ultrastructural qualitative electron microscopy revealed central apposition of organelles and loosely packed platelets in both models, while a central gel mass appeared only in thrombasthenic patients. Quantitative analysis of this ultrastructural change showed an increase in the elongation and a decrease in the circularity coefficients of thrombasthenic platelets, indicating a shape change with pseudopod formation, while EDTA-treated platelets underwent a shape change in the absence of pseudopod formation. Morphometric analysis showed that the ionophore caused extensive degranulation in both types of platelets (decrease of the granule volume), which occurred in the presence of contraction of thrombasthenic PRP (decrease of the SCS plus granule volume) but in its absence in EDTA-treated platelets. The change in LT was not inhibited by aspirin, suggesting a dissociation between release of 14C-5HT and TX formation. Moreover, it was not inhibited by creatine phosphate plus creatine phosphokinase, prostaglandin E1, or cytochalasin and/or colchicine. It was not dependent on ADP, cAMP, or the integrity of microfilaments and microtubules. However, chlorpromazine, TMB 8, and dibucaine, which interfere with intracellular membrane transport of Ca2+, inhibited this platelet activation (change in LT, 14C-5HT release and TX synthesis. PMID- 6803856 TI - Combination chemotherapy (M-2) protocol (BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, melphalan, and prednisone) for Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia: preliminary report. AB - Fourteen consecutively referred, symptomatic patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (ages 52-87 yr) have been treated with the 5-drug M-2 protocol (BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, melphalan, and prednisone). Three patients were previously treated and 11 patients were untreated. The majority of patients were symptomatic from hyperviscosity. All patients have responded to therapy. Two patients have achieved complete remissions and 12 patients partial remissions to date. None of the patients with symptomatic hyperviscosity has required plasmapheresis since therapy with the M-2 has been initiated. Lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia have also responded to treatment. Follow-up data are limited, with survival from initiation of therapy with the M-2 ranging from 2+ to 35% mo (median 17+ mo) 2+-40+ mo from time of diagnosis). Combination chemotherapy for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia with the M-2 protocol appears to increase the response rate in patients with symptomatic disease. Further survival analysis will be carried out. PMID- 6803857 TI - Assay of prekallikrein in human plasma: comparison of amidolytic, esterolytic, coagulation, and immunochemical assays. AB - Using the substrate H-D-Pro-Phe-Arg-p-nitroanilide-HCl, an amidolytic assay was designed to measure prekallikrein in plasma. At a substrate concentration of 1 mM (Km = 0.2 mM), the amidolysis of purified kallikrein at 1 coagulant unit/ml was observed to be 2.47 mumole/min/ml. Conditions for plasma prekallikrein activation were optimized to approach complete activation when compared to the amidolytic activity of the purified plasma kallikrein. Plasma treated with chloroform to destroy inhibitors of kallikrein was activated with dilute kaolin (final concentration 1 mg/ml) for 1 min at 25 degrees C. Activated plasma prekallikrein had 78% (1.92 mumole/min/ml) of activity of purified kallikrein at plasma concentration. Comparison of this amidolytic assay with immunochemical, esterolytic, and coagulant assays of three subject populations (normals, women on birth control pills, and patients with hepatocellular disease) showed good correlation both in normals and in the patient groups between the amidolytic and esterolytic assays (r = 0.89). Each enzymatic assay correlated with the immunochemical assay (r = 0.72, r = 0.68, respectively). However, comparison of each of these assays with the coagulant assay showed no significant correlation due to the large inherent error of the latter assay. This standardized plasma prekallikrein amidolytic assay should facilitate studies of plasma prekallikrein concentration in physiologic and pathologic conditions and help identify activation of the contact phase of coagulation in disease states. PMID- 6803859 TI - [Homage to Robert Koch. His life and work against tuberculosis]. PMID- 6803861 TI - [Translation of the article in which Robert Koch announced in 1882 the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus]. PMID- 6803862 TI - [Perspectives in diabetology (from yesterday to today)]. PMID- 6803858 TI - [Introduction to the etiology of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6803860 TI - [Centenary of the discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus by Robert Koch 1882 1982]. PMID- 6803863 TI - The effect of inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism on drug-induced contractions in isolated tracheal smooth muscle of the pig. AB - 1 The regulation of drug-induced tone in airways smooth muscle was examined in an isolated preparation of swine tracheal smooth muscle. 2 The trachea contracted (isometric) to histamine, 2-pyridylethylamine (2-PEA), acetylcholine and K+ but no response to histamine H2-receptor agonists were observed. 3 Histamine-induced contractions (100 microM) were potentiated by 213.3% by indomethacin (1 microM) and by 126.9% by sodium salicylate (250 microM). These inhibitors had only slight or no effects on acetylcholine-induced tone. 2-PEA responses were also potentiated by indomethacin but there were no changes in the response to H2 receptor agonists in the presence of indomethacin. The indomethacin-mediated potentiation of histamine was blocked by 5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraynoic acid (10 microM). FPL 55712 had no effect on these responses. 4 Mepacrine (100 microM) inhibited responses to histamine but not those to acetylcholine. No effect was observed with dexamethasone (up to 100 microM). 5 Prostaglandin E2 caused relaxation but arachidonic acid did not. 6 The possibility that histamine H1 agonist-induced contractions are regulated by contractile products of the arachidonic acid lipoxygenase pathway is discussed. PMID- 6803864 TI - Percutaneous transhepatic drainage in obstructive jaundice: advantages and problems. AB - This study is a critical prospective assessment of 37 patients with obstructive jaundice, treated by percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. The median duration of drainage was 18 days (range 44-55), and during this period clearance of bilirubin and improvement in creatinine clearance were obtained. Only 10 patients gained weight. Three patients required early laparotomy. Thirty-three patients underwent definitive surgery. Of these, 8 died without leaving hospital. The incidence of infection rose during drainage, and infected bile was clinically significant. Two deaths were associated with infection, arising in the drainage system, producing intrahepatic abscesses around the drain track. While the evidence for a staged approach in the severely ill patient with obstructive jaundice is substantial, the procedure of percutaneous transhepatic tubal drainage carries significant hazards, underemphasized in previous reports. Further controlled assessment is required before this technique is accepted as the initial best option for decompression of the obstructed biliary tract. PMID- 6803865 TI - Active trypsin and reflux oesophagitis: an experimental study in rats. AB - In order to clarify the role of active trypsin, bile acids and pepsin in reflux oesophagitis, a comparable series of experiments was performed in rats before and after reflux-inducing operations. Three control procedures were used--laparotomy (n = 10), oesophageal transection and reanastamosis (n = 7) and a Roux-en-Y reconstruction (n = 9)--and seven experimental procedures in order to produce gastric, bile and pancreatic reflux (G + B + P) (n = 9), gastric and pancreatic reflux (B + B) (n = 8), bile and pancreatic reflux (B + P) (n = 10), pancreatic reflux alone (P) (n = 9), gastric reflux alone (G) (n = 8), bile reflux alone (B) (n = 9) and gastric with bile reflux (G + B) (n = 9). Macroscopic and histologically confirmed oesophagitis was produced in groups G + B + P, G + P, B + P and P. The trypsin levels were significantly elevated in these groups, compared to both the control and other experimental groups (P less than 0.01). Bile acid levels were insignificantly different between the groups. Because these experiments involved vagal transection, no oesophagitis was found in the gastric juice reflux group. This study has shown for the first time a correlation between the presence of active trypsin in the oesophagus and the occurrence of oesophagitis. It is possible that active components of duodenal juice may contribute to the development of reflux oesophagitis in man. PMID- 6803866 TI - Alcoholism: new evidence for a genetic contribution. PMID- 6803867 TI - Heartburn in pregnancy. PMID- 6803869 TI - The final epidemic. PMID- 6803870 TI - Recent developments in imaging techniques. PMID- 6803868 TI - The elusive stone. PMID- 6803871 TI - Blood pressure and heart rate in patients with ischaemic heart disease receiving nifedipine and propranolol. AB - A randomised controlled crossover trial was performed to assess the anti-anginal effects of nifedipine and propranolol separately and together. The effects of these treatments on blood pressure and heart rate were assessed at rest and after the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tests. Nifedipine and propranolol together produced the greatest reduction in supine and erect systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Propranolol (480 mg daily) lowered resting systolic/diastolic blood pressures by 7/6 mm Hg and nifedipine (60 mg daily) lowered it by 10/8 mm Hg, while in the erect position the hypotensive effect of these agents averaged 9/8 mm Hg. During the cold pressor test propranolol lowered the maximum pressure by an average of 11/6 mm Hg and nifedipine by 19/10 mm Hg. For the mental arithmetic test, the results were 7/2 mm Hg and 16/7 mm Hg respectively. Propranolol (480 mg daily)reduced supine and erect heart rate by 19 and 25 beats/minute respectively, while nifedipine did not alter heart rate significantly. The favourable haemodynamic responses to nifedipine suggest that it may be of value in the management of hypertension. PMID- 6803872 TI - Acute haemolysis due to concentrated dialysis fluid. AB - Fatal acute haemolysis occurred in a 65-year-old man undergoing regular home haemodialysis for terminal renal failure. Circumstantial evidence indicating that the haemolysis resulted from exposure to concentrated dialysis solution was supported by in-vitro studies. Frank haemolysis in blood samples occurred at a dilution of greater than or equal to 1/2 of dialysis fluid. Osmotic fragility tests of surviving red blood cells showed 47% haemolysis at a dilution of 1/2 and greater than 90% haemolysis at a dilution of 1/1. Urgent design modifications to the proportionating machine are being undertaken to prevent such an accident recurring. PMID- 6803873 TI - Self-induced vomiting and bulimia nervosa: an undetected problem. AB - Six hundred and twenty women who were currently practising self-induced vomiting to control their weight were identified with the help of a women's magazine. Nineteen women (3.1%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for anorexia nervosa. Of the remainder, 499 (83.0%) fulfilled diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa, a recently described eating disorder. Of these, 56.1% practised self-induced vomiting at least once daily; the mean duration of vomiting was 4.5 years. Most women were of normal body weight. On standardised measures, 68.1% of women showed pronounced psychiatric morbidity and 89% had profoundly disturbed attitudes to food and eating. 56.4% thought they definitely needed medical help, though only 30.1% had ever discussed any aspect of their eating difficulties with a doctor. This study highlights the secrecy that surrounds bulimia nervosa and suggests that it is an important undetected source of psychiatric morbidity. PMID- 6803874 TI - Pregnancy complicated by psittacosis acquired from sheep. AB - Two cases of chlamydial infection in pregnant women are described, the first serologically proved and the second suspected. In both cases the infection was probably contracted from sheep suffering with enzootic abortion. Both patients were farmers' wives who had helped their husbands and lambing and developed a non specific febrile illness in late pregnancy. In the first case as there was no clinical improvement after 26 hours the patient was delivered by caesarean section of a live infant in good condition; the patient recovered fully. The second patient had presented a year earlier, the fetus had died in the uterus, and the patient himself died after spontaneous labour and forceps delivery 14 hours after admission. Both patients developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. As the casual agent in enzootic abortion in ewes has a predilection for the placenta, early delivery may be the management of choice in late pregnancy if infection with this organism if suspected. PMID- 6803876 TI - Acute right heart failure complicated by hypovolaemia. PMID- 6803875 TI - Do women with menorrhagia need iron? AB - Haematological indices of iron deficiency and serum ferritin concentrations were compared in 42 women complaining of menorrhagia and in 34 with normal menstrual loss. No significant differences in haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume, or mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were found between the two groups. Serum ferritin concentrations were significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in patients with menorrhagia. Though the iron stores in these women were significantly reduced, only a few were anaemic. Thus, women complaining of heavy menstrual loss do not require prophylactic iron supplements. PMID- 6803879 TI - Smoking habits and inflammatory bowel disease: effect on nutrition. PMID- 6803878 TI - Cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: risk of bladder cancer exceeds benefit. PMID- 6803877 TI - Effect of cimetidine on portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients. PMID- 6803880 TI - Alcohol-related deaths: Birmingham Coroner's records 1980. PMID- 6803883 TI - Pharmacological treatment for intractable sneezing. PMID- 6803882 TI - Injuries incurred at "roller discos". PMID- 6803881 TI - Ischaemia after use of finger tourniquet. PMID- 6803885 TI - Assessment of receptionists by questions on patient management. PMID- 6803884 TI - Phaeochromocytoma presenting as pyrexia of undetermined origin: diagnosis using gallium-67. PMID- 6803886 TI - Organising a practice. Ten years in a health centre: concept and reality. PMID- 6803887 TI - The GP and the specialist. Neurology. PMID- 6803888 TI - Preparing a leaflet for patient education. PMID- 6803889 TI - Are follow-up consultations at medical outpatient departments futile? AB - Of 260 follow-up medical outpatient consultations analysed by 12 general practitioners in the Northern Region, a large proportion appeared to be a complete waste of time. One follow-up consultation should be the normal for the great majority of cases and if more are necessary specific reasons should be given. Great economies could be made in the National Health Service by reducing medical outpatient follow-ups. PMID- 6803890 TI - Diminished activity of glyceryl trinitrate. PMID- 6803891 TI - Lead in petrol. PMID- 6803892 TI - Oestrogen receptors and survival in early breast cancer. PMID- 6803895 TI - Auditory screening of school children: factor fallacy? PMID- 6803894 TI - Radiation and marrow damage. PMID- 6803893 TI - Falling rate of provision of residential care for the elderly. PMID- 6803896 TI - Does treatment with cimetidine extended beyond initial healing of duodenal ulcer reduce the subsequent relapse rate? PMID- 6803897 TI - Advantages of deputising services: a personal view. PMID- 6803898 TI - Removable subcuticular skin suture in acute appendicitis: a prospective comparable clinical trial. PMID- 6803899 TI - Effect of venesection on calf blood flow in polycythaemia. PMID- 6803900 TI - Value of computed tomography of the abdomen and chest in investigation of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6803901 TI - Screening for lung cancer. PMID- 6803902 TI - Cardiac catheterisation: here today, where tomorrow? PMID- 6803903 TI - Contact tracing. PMID- 6803904 TI - Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids. PMID- 6803907 TI - Chronic osteomyelitis due to Clostridium difficile. AB - Osteomyelitis caused by anaerobic bacteria is rarely reported, and a case of chronic osteomyelitis of the femur may be the first in which Clostridium difficile was the causative agent. The organism was isolated over several months and, although initially sensitive to penicillin, it developed resistance during this time. The organism's repeated isolation may have been due to the presence of resistant spores. Although the patient had no gastrointestinal symptoms the source of the organism was probably the patient's own gastrointestinal tract. Infection from the environment cannot, however, be excluded. Treatment was finally successful with metronidazole. PMID- 6803905 TI - Influence of contraceptive pill and menstrual cycle on serum lipids and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. AB - The fluctuations of serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations within one cycle were studied both in women using and not using oral contraceptives. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly from 1.47 mmol/l (57 mg/100 ml) to 1.30 mmol/l (50 mg/100 ml) during one contraceptive cycle in eight women and rose again to the initial value during the pill-free days. The mean concentration of total cholesterol also fell significantly as a result of the decrease of high density lipoprotein cholesterol and of a not significant decrease of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The mean serum triglyceride concentration did not change significantly. The fluctuations in the concentration of serum lipids and lipoproteins in 10 women not using oral contraceptives were smaller than in the women using oral contraceptives and no significant changes in the concentrations were found during one cycle. Thus, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration decreases during each contraceptive cycle. The time of blood sampling during the cycle is, therefore, of vital importance in interpreting the effect of oral contraceptives on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In women not using oral contraceptives blood can be sampled on random days during the cycle. PMID- 6803906 TI - Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and prostaglandin E2 by isolated glomeruli from normal and diabetic rats. AB - Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxo-PGF1 alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was measured by radioimmunoassay in supernatants of isolated glomeruli from rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes and non-diabetic rats. Production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by discs of aortas from these rats was measured at the same time. As shown before, aortic discs from diabetic rats produced significantly less 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha than aortic discs from non-diabetic rats (diabetic 1.99 +/- SEM 0.27 ng v non-diabetic 2.92 +/- 0.46 ng/mg net weight aorta; p less than 0.05). In contrast production of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by isolated glomeruli was not reduced in the diabetic rats (diabetic 77 +/- 7 pg v non-diabetic 70 +/- 8 pg/micrograms glomerular DNA). Similarly production of PGE2 was not diminished in the diabetic glomeruli (diabetic 1.20 +/- 0.15 ng v non-diabetic 0.91 +/- 0.12 ng/microgram glomerular DNA). It is concluded that regional differences in production of prostacyclin and 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha occur in experimental diabetes. Diminished prostacyclin production may contribute to the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to atherosclerosis but is less likely to have a role in the pathogenesis of microangiopathy. PMID- 6803908 TI - Twin pregnancy with complete hydatidiform mole (46,XX) and fetus (46,XY): genetic origin proved by analysis of chromosome polymorphisms. AB - In a case of complete hydatidiform mole with fetus the genetic origins were defined by the use of chromosomal polymorphisms. The fetus had a normal 46,XY karyotype with evidence of the presence of both maternal and paternal chromosomes. The mole was 46,XX and of androgenetic origin. There was no evidence of a maternal contribution, and duplication of paternal chromosomes was shown. In such atypical molar pregnancies examining genetic polymorphisms yields much more information than do sex chromosome studies and karyotyping, particularly in confirming the diagnosis and defining the origin and aetiology of the condition. PMID- 6803911 TI - Objective test for food sensitivity in asthmatic children: increased bronchial reactivity after cola drinks. AB - Ten asthmatic children with a history of cough and wheeze after drinking a cola drink performed histamine inhalation tests before and 30 minutes after a drink of Pepsi-Cola, soda water, and water on three separate study days. There was no significant change in baseline peak expiratory flow after any of the three drinks. Sensitivity to histamine was increased after the cola drink (p less than 0.005) but was not significantly different after soda water or water. The detection of change in sensitivity to histamine appears to be a simple and effective method of testing for food sensitivity in asthma. PMID- 6803910 TI - Malalignment of the shoulder after stroke. AB - One hundred and ten consecutive patients (51 men, 59 women) admitted to a stroke unit were studied for radiographic changes at the shoulder on the affected side. Malalignment was found in 51 (46%) patients, of whom 37 (72.5%) had changes on the initial x-ray film and a further 14 (27.5) developed malalignment over the following 12 months. These findings indicate that malalignment of the shoulder is common in the early stages of a stroke and may be missed unless radiographs are taken with the patient erect and the arm unsupported. Malalignment may lead to delay and limitation in restoration of function. The consequences of malalignment can be prevented by correct handling, positioning, and full passive movement of the shoulder from the onset of the stroke. PMID- 6803909 TI - Short-term treatment for acute myelogenous leukaemia. AB - Short-term treatment with doxorubicin, cytarabine, and 6-thioguanine was given to 91 consecutive adults with acute myelogenous leukaemia. Fifty patients received high doses (regimen I) and 41 very high doses (regimen II). Where possible, six treatment cycles were given (total dose of doxorubicin 450 mg/m2) regardless of the number of cycles required to achieve complete remission. No additional treatment was given. The remission rate was significantly higher with regimen I than with regimen II (34/50 compared with 15/41, p less than 0.01), the latter, more intensive regimen being associated with a greater incidence of fatal infection (13/41 compared with 5/50, p less than 0.01). Duration of remission was, however, significantly longer with regimen II (p less than 0.05); the median has not yet been reached after a minimum follow-up of two years. Intensive short term treatment is a feasible strategy for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukaemia. PMID- 6803912 TI - Reversal of male-pattern baldness, hypertrichosis, and accelerated hair and nail growth in patients receiving benoxaprofen. PMID- 6803913 TI - Haemophilus influenza type b resistant to both chloramphenicol and ampicillin in Britain. PMID- 6803914 TI - Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics: a direct challenge test with lignocaine for definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6803915 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6803916 TI - Chorea after legionnaire's disease. PMID- 6803917 TI - Prudent diet: effect on moderately severe hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 6803918 TI - Neonatal hyperglycaemia after prolonged maternal treatment with diazoxide. PMID- 6803919 TI - Regular prescribing in a residential home for elderly women. PMID- 6803921 TI - Women in general practice. PMID- 6803920 TI - Ten years in a health centre: organisation and appraisal. PMID- 6803922 TI - How I organise a half-day release course for trainees. PMID- 6803923 TI - Making a start. PMID- 6803925 TI - Epilepsy. PMID- 6803926 TI - Normal haematological values and diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. PMID- 6803924 TI - Mastectomy and its consequences. PMID- 6803928 TI - Land of scarcity. PMID- 6803927 TI - Planning services for the mentally handicapped: a look at Sweden. PMID- 6803929 TI - Emergency transoesophageal cardiac pacing. PMID- 6803930 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: whooping cough. PMID- 6803931 TI - Instant blood glucose in general practice. PMID- 6803933 TI - Rebreathing in a subject wearing an integral crash helmet. PMID- 6803932 TI - Smiles about rickets, gloom over whooping cough. PMID- 6803934 TI - Problems with perinatal pathology. PMID- 6803938 TI - Study of stroke patients in a single general practice. PMID- 6803936 TI - Duodenogastric reflux: is there any progress? PMID- 6803937 TI - Dangerous cots. PMID- 6803935 TI - Incidence and detection of occult hepatic metastases in colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6803940 TI - Rubella vaccination: remaining problems. PMID- 6803939 TI - Clinicians and management teams. PMID- 6803941 TI - Ethics and in-vitro fertilisation. PMID- 6803942 TI - Birth asphyxia. PMID- 6803943 TI - Information overload: solution by quality? PMID- 6803944 TI - Controlled trial of azathioprine in chronic ulcerative colitis. AB - A double-blind controlled trial of azathioprine in a dose of 2-2.5 mg/kg body weight over six months was conducted among 44 patients with active chronic ulcerative colitis. Three patients treated with placebo did not complete the trial because their disease became so severe that colectomy was performed. Among patients who completed the trial the mean dose of prednisolone necessary to control the disease decreased in those treated with azathioprine and those treated with placebo; the reduction was greater among those who took azathioprine (p less than 0.001). Activity of the disease apparently improved in both treatment groups but a significant (p less than 0.001) trend was observed only in those patients treated with azathioprine. No serious side effects from azathioprine occurred during the trial but seven of 24 patients had to stop the drug because of nausea. Azathioprine may have a role in the treatment of a few patients wih troublesome chronic colitis for whom conventional drug treatment is ineffectual, or for whom continuous systemic corticosteroid treatment is needed to control symptoms, and for whom surgical treatment is inappropriate. PMID- 6803945 TI - Early exercise testing and coronary angiography after uncomplicated myocardial infarction. AB - In a prospective study 61 patients aged 55 years or less with uncomplicated myocardial infarction underwent treadmill stress testing at two weeks and coronary angiography at six weeks after infarction. Of the 44 patients who had a positive stress test, 43 had additional severe coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography. Of the 17 patients who had a negative stress test for additional disease, coronary angiography identified only single-vessel disease in the infarct area in 15. The sensitivity of the stress test was 95% and the specificity 94%, though the number of patients in the study was small. Thus, exercise testing has considerable potential for the early identification of multiple-vessel disease in patients with uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 6803947 TI - Sarcoidosis and membranous glomerulonephritis: a significant association. AB - Three patients were seen who had sarcoidosis associated with glomerulonephritis. Subsequent review of published reports of cases in which the two conditions occurred simultaneously showed a pattern of histological type of glomerulonephritis different from that seen in patients without associated disease. In sarcoidosis with glomerulonephritis there appeared to be a dearth of minimal-change disease and an excess of membranous glomerulonephritis compared with the prevalence that would be expected if the renal disease was merely a chance occurrence. These findings may provide evidence for an important relation between sarcoidosis and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6803948 TI - Importance of mastalgia in operable breast cancer. AB - The importance of pain as a presenting symptom of breast cancer has been assessed in a series of 240 patients with operable breast cancer over four years. From an analysis of the case histories of 36 patients the diagnosis proved difficult in one-quarter of the cancers. This is explained by the high incidence of subclinical and lobular carcinoma in the group. Cancer must be seriously considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with well-localised breast pain of recent onset. These patients should be followed for at least one year after the onset of the pain before cancer is confidently excluded. PMID- 6803946 TI - Gall-stone dissolution and recurrence: are we being misled? AB - Oral cholecystography repeated at six-months intervals is the standard method for determining reduction in size of gall stones (partial success) and complete dissolution of stones (complete success). In a comparative study of oral cholecystography and cholecystosonography six out of 14 patients with gall stones achieving complete success by oral cholecystographic criteria had stones still detectable by ultrasonography. Repeat oral cholecystography in a further 11 patients receiving post-dissolution maintenance treatment detected stones in two, whereas ultrasonography detected stones in seven. In future complete dissolution of gall stones should be reported only if both oral cholecystography and ultrasonographic studies give negative results and the progress of patients receiving post-dissolution maintenance treatment is monitored by ultrasonography rather than serial oral cholecystography. PMID- 6803949 TI - Screening and counselling of school-leavers for the carrier state of hereditary anaemias. PMID- 6803951 TI - Hypernatraemia after treatment of hydatid. PMID- 6803952 TI - Pulmonary infiltration and bone marrow depression complicating treatment with amiodarone. PMID- 6803950 TI - Aplastic anaemia associated with fenoprofen. PMID- 6803953 TI - Seven years of running a half-day release course. PMID- 6803954 TI - Practising prevention. Smoking. PMID- 6803955 TI - Pathology of partnerships. The new partner. PMID- 6803956 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. Febrile convulsions. PMID- 6803957 TI - What's wrong with the funding of cancer research? PMID- 6803958 TI - How effective are our child health clinics? PMID- 6803959 TI - Therapeutic control of anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6803961 TI - Depression after childbirth. PMID- 6803960 TI - Drugs and sperm. PMID- 6803962 TI - Episiotomy. PMID- 6803963 TI - Comparison of surgical and medical management of bleeding peptic ulcers. PMID- 6803964 TI - Population growth and contraception in Africa. PMID- 6803967 TI - Career guidance by computer. PMID- 6803966 TI - Missed injuries of the spinal cord. PMID- 6803965 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia during treatment for acute leukaemia. PMID- 6803968 TI - How best to manage drug addicts? PMID- 6803969 TI - Increase in drug resistance among Shigella dysenteriae, Sh flexneri, and Sh boydii. PMID- 6803970 TI - Insect-sting encephalopathy. PMID- 6803972 TI - Medical manpower mismanagement: mirage or miracle? PMID- 6803971 TI - Drinking and smoking in the land of the long white cloud. PMID- 6803973 TI - A career for child health doctors. PMID- 6803976 TI - Alcohol: clearing the decks for action. PMID- 6803975 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and neurology. PMID- 6803974 TI - Congenital malformations and blood glucose control in diabetic pregnancy. PMID- 6803978 TI - Benoxaprofen: side-effect profile in 300 patients. AB - Out of 300 patients who had taken benoxaprofen for a mean of 6.4 months, 196 (65.3%) reported side effects, resulting in 104 patients (34.6%) having the drug withdrawn. Out of 42 patients aged over 70, 35 (83.3%) had side effects and 29 (69.0%) had the drug withdrawn because of them. cutaneous side effects accounted for 180 (69.5%) of all 259 side effects reported. The commonest cutaneous side effect was photosensitivity, which occurred in 86 patients (28.6%). Photosensitivity, which occurred in half of the patients treated in the summer, resulted in withdrawal of benoxaprofen in 26 (30.2%) of the patients who experienced it. Onycholysis was observed in 38 patients (12.6%) and was frequently unnoticed by patients. The overall incidence of gastric side effects was 12.6% (38 patients), and the figure rose to 40.5% (17 cases) in patients over 70. During treatment with benoxaprofen one patient developed an active duodenal ulcer but no cases of major gastrointestinal haemorrhage occurred. Multiple subepidermal cysts (milia) were observed in 16 patients, who had been treated for a mean of 10.8 months. These findings show that benoxaprofen is a potent phototoxic drug and that the manufacturers' recommended dosage of 600 mg daily is associated with an unacceptable incidence of side effects in the elderly. PMID- 6803977 TI - Controlled trial of chlorpromazine as antisecretory agent in patients with cholera hydrated intravenously. AB - A randomised controlled trial was conducted to investigate the ability of chlorpromazine to reduce intestinal secretion in cholera. Chlorpromazine had reduced loss of intestinal fluid in animals with diarrhoea induced by cholera toxin, and in a preliminary study the drug had reduced purging in patients with cholera. Forty-six adults with cholera were included in the randomised trial. Of these, 34 were treated with chlorpromazine (1 mg/kg or 4 mg/kg either by mouth or intramuscularly) and 12 served as controls. After treatment with the drug there was a significantly greater reduction in the rate of fluid loss in the treated patients than in the controls during the first (p less than 0.005), second (p less than 0.05), and fourth (p less than 0.01) eight-hour periods, but not during the third eight-hour period; the dose of 4 mg/kg was only marginally more effective than 1 mg/kg. The effect of chlorpromazine was strikingly biphasic, with one peak during the first eight hours and another 24-32 hours after administration. Chlorpromazine also significantly reduced the duration of diarrhoea, frequency of vomiting, and amount of intravenous fluid required. The drug induced mild sedation and no hypotension in these well-hydrated patients. These findings confirm the effectiveness of chlorpromazine in reducing fluid loss in cholera. A sedative effect, however, especially in children, may limit its usefulness and requires further study. PMID- 6803980 TI - Prevention of pressure sores by identifying patients at risk. AB - The risk of pressure sores developing in patients admitted with acute conditions was assessed by a simple risk score system based on age, reduced mobility, incontinence, pronounced emaciation, redness over bony prominences, unconsciousness, dehydration, and paralysis in a prospective clinical study. During seven months in 1977, 600 of 3571 patients were classified as at risk. Of these 35 (5.8%) developed sores compared with five (0.2%) of those not at risk. The results of this study compared with those over the same period in 1976 show that close observation of at-risk patients and early detection of pressure sores prevents their development. PMID- 6803979 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. AB - A study was made of adverse dermatological reactions to the non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent benoxaprofen. Photosensitivity was seen in several patients, confined to wavelengths less than 340 nm. Other cutaneous side effects were erythema multiforme, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, milia, and onycholysis. One case of pancytopenia and toxic epidermal necrolysis was reported. patients were not rechallenged with the drug, but these reactions appear to be true side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6803982 TI - Polyarthritis complicating quinidine treatment. PMID- 6803981 TI - Interaction of azapropazone with phenytoin. PMID- 6803984 TI - Audit of computerised recall scheme for cervical cytology. PMID- 6803983 TI - Severe deafness in systemic lupus erythematosus: its immediate relief by plasma exchange. PMID- 6803985 TI - Organising time. PMID- 6803986 TI - Should leukaemic children visit the zoo? PMID- 6803987 TI - The preregistration houseman in general practice. AB - During 1979-80 an experimental preregistration house physician post in general practice was conducted at Aldermoor Health Centre in Southampton in rotation with medical posts at Southampton General Hospital. Ten house physicians took part in the experiment that lasted for 19 months and each doctor spent two months in general practice. The house physicians settled quickly into general practice and found the experience both enjoyable and worth while. The hospital consultants, general practitioners, and the house physicians themselves thought that this was a valuable extension to preregistration education. The experiment raised several questions, some of which were specific to the type of rotation organised and others that were more fundamental to the whole concept of the preregistration house physician in general practice. If the experiment is to be repeated a longer period in general practice is strongly recommended. A full year rotation is suggested with four months each of surgery, medicine, and general practice. PMID- 6803988 TI - Lawson Tait-disciple of Charles Darwin. PMID- 6803989 TI - ABC of 1 to 7. The severely ill child. PMID- 6803990 TI - The politics of alcohol. PMID- 6803992 TI - Intraspinal opiates and itching: a new reflex? PMID- 6803994 TI - Failure hyposensitisation in treatment of children with grass-pollen asthma. PMID- 6803991 TI - Hospice care for children. PMID- 6803996 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and fenfluramine. PMID- 6803997 TI - Stability of glyceryl trinitrate tablets. PMID- 6803993 TI - Survival and desferrioxamine in thalassaemia major. PMID- 6803999 TI - Are all born equal? Incidence of febrile convulsions by season of birth. PMID- 6803998 TI - Failure to heal vitamin D-deficiency rickets and suppress secondary hyperparathyroidism with conventional doses of 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D3. PMID- 6803995 TI - Preparing a leaflet for patient education. PMID- 6804001 TI - Clinical trials of immunotherapy. PMID- 6804004 TI - Hepatitis B virus infection in medical and health care personnel. PMID- 6804003 TI - Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Nigerians who live in Britain. PMID- 6804000 TI - Recurrent cancer after restorative resection of the rectum. PMID- 6804002 TI - Ventricular fibrillation induced by xipamide. PMID- 6804006 TI - A giant ovarian cyst in a Javanese woman. PMID- 6804005 TI - Survey of pulmonary tuberculosis in south and west Wales. PMID- 6804008 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and a Marfanoid habitus. PMID- 6804007 TI - Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6804009 TI - Effect of rubella vaccination programme in schools on rubella immunity in a general practice population. PMID- 6804010 TI - A re-evaluation of the role of superior colliculus in turning behaviour. AB - There is much debate on the role of the superior colliculus (SC) in turning behaviour. In order to clarify this issue, unilateral kainate lesions were made by infusing 0.25 microgram of kainate at two different anterior planes (0.8 mm apart), in the lateral or in the medial aspects of the deep collicular layers (DLSC), in the dorsal mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF), or in the lateral periaqueductal grey (PAG), both in normal rats and in rats made unilaterally supersensitive to DA-receptor agonists by unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA in the rostral substantia nigra. The effect of kainate lesions on spontaneous and apomorphine-induced motor behaviour was studied. In normal rats, unilateral kainate lesions of lateral DLSC or dorsal MRF resulted in short-lasting, spontaneous ipsiversive turning and persistent ipsiversive circling after peripheral administration of apomorphine. In 6-OHDA rats, kainate lesions of lateral DLSC or of dorsal MRF ipsilateral to 6-OHDA denervation reduced or even reversed the contralateral circling normally elicited in these rats by peripheral administration of apomorphine. Lesions of dorsal MRF, when compared with lesions of lateral DLSC, were more effective in producing these changes. Kainate lesions restricted to medial DLSC or to the PAG failed to elicit motor asymmetries in normal rats or to significantly modify the intensity of contralateral turning in 6-OHDA rats. These results clearly indicate that the SC plays an important role in turning behaviour. Failure of previous studies to research this conclusion probably derives from inadequate localization of collicular lesions and from the use of bilateral lesions. PMID- 6804011 TI - Thermal panting and respiratory alkalosis in the laying hen. AB - 1. Changes in respiratory rate (f), rectal temperature (Tr) and blood acid-base values were measured in laying hens exposed to ambient temperatures (Ta) of 32, 35, 38 or 41 degrees C. 2. At Ta 32 degrees C there was no panting. At Ta 35 degrees C panting occurred without any increase in Tr but there was a slight alkalosis (pH 7.55). 3. At Ta 38 degrees C Tr increased and panting was accompanied by moderate alkalosis (pH 7.58). 4. At Ta 41 degrees C Tr increased considerably and severe alkalosis developed (pH 7.65). 5. From the relation between Tr, f and pH it is concluded that some degree of alkalosis is a normal response to panting in the laying hen. PMID- 6804012 TI - [Choline synthesis in neurons]. PMID- 6804013 TI - [Suppression of proliferative allogenic response in patients receiving a programmed series of transfusions prior to renal graft]. AB - The effects on the lymphocytic proliferative allogenic response of a protocol of planned blood transfusions have been studied in 12 patients with chronic renal failure. This study was prospective and the experiments were performed before kidney grafting. The results were then compared with the clinical results of the graft. These results have shown that the peak allogenic proliferation in the group of patients with good renal function was significantly decreased after transfusion. This decreased response was not observed in the groups of patients with either kidney rejection or immunisation and antibody formation. Most of the lymphocyte suspensions whose proliferation was decreased after transfusion were also capable of inhibiting the proliferation of autologous lymphocytes taken before transfusion. It is therefore legitimate to postulate that the decreased response was due to the generation of suppressor lymphocytes. This latter could be responsible for the beneficial effects of blood transfusion on kidney grafting. PMID- 6804014 TI - [Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of primordial germ cells involved in migration in dichlorvos-treated quail embryos]. AB - In dichlorvos-treated quail embryos, the ultrastructural cytochemistry of gonads reveals perturbations in the glycoconjugate distribution. The modifications observed concern the surface and matricial glycoconjugates of tissues involved in the primordial germ cells (PGC) migration. In treated embryos, these cytochemical alterations could explain a delayed migration of PGC to germinal anlage and their disturbed settling into gonads. PMID- 6804015 TI - [Hypovolemia in the course of pulmonary edema in rats exposed to normobaric oxygen]. AB - Rat exposure to pure normobaric oxygen induces a specific non alveolar pulmonary edema which leads to massive pleural exudate. This does not induce hypoxemia, and is characterized by both hypovolemia and arterial hypotension with hypothermia. Histological findings shed some light on these special aspects of oxygen toxicity. In the Rat, this toxicity results from hemodynamic changes rather than from pulmonary lesions. PMID- 6804016 TI - [Tamoxifen induced fluorescence as a marker of hormone receptors: cytological study of fine needle biopsy of malignant breast tumors in treated women]. AB - Tamoxifen-induced fluorescence was used as a marker of hormone receptors in breast tumor cytology. Patients receiving Tamoxifen were compared to patients without such a therapy. Only those receiving this treatment showed fluorescence in their malignant cells. Moreover, in this group, such a fluorescence was noticed only in those patients with hormonal receptors in their tumor cells and not in the patients without estrogen and progesterone receptors. Such a technique seems to be a good method for predicting response to hormonal therapy. PMID- 6804017 TI - [Permissive effects of human colonic cancer (HT-29 and Caco-2) on intestinal smooth muscle differentiation]. AB - Human colonic carcinoma cells (lines HT-29 and Caco-2) were associated with 5 1/2 day-old chick embryonic intestinal mesenchyme and grafted for 11 days into 3 day old Chick embryos. In these conditions, the cancer cells exert on the mesenchyme a supportative effect leading to its differentiation into muscular layers. The results provide additional evidence that HT-29 and Caco-2 cells exhibit common properties to fetal and normal intestinal cells. PMID- 6804018 TI - [Evolution of plasma levels of glycoproteic gonadotropins and of 17 alpha hydroxy 20 beta dihydroprogesterone during maturation and ovulation of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii]. AB - The plasma concentrations of the glycoproteic gonadotropin (GTH) and of the 17 alpha hydroxy-20 beta dihydroprogesterone (17 alpha 20 beta OHP) have been followed in the course of ovulation in 6 rainbow trout, using radioimmunoassays on samples taken every two days. A first slow and limited GTH increase (10 to 20 ng/ml) is detected before and during the ovulation, while the 17 alpha 20 beta OHP rises sharply (up to three to five hundreds nanogrammes per millilitre). Then the progestagen levels drop back to their previous values, for about three weeks after ovulation. At the same time, a second higher GTH increase (25 to 20 ng/ml) is taking place. The relations between these two hormones, maturation and ovulation are discussed. PMID- 6804020 TI - [Respiratory modulation of unit activity in the olfactory bulb of tracheotomized rats]. AB - Unit activity, most probably from the mitral cells, has been recorded in the olfactory bulbs of anesthetized and tracheotomized rats. Two of 11 cells still increased their firing rate significantly during inspiration, although the airflow through the nasal cavity had been totally suppressed; the rest of the sample was not modulated according to respiratory activity. PMID- 6804021 TI - [Facilitation of the retention and acceleration of operant conditioning extinction after cingulate cortex lesions in BALB/c mice]. AB - One week after receiving bilateral electrolytic lesions of the cingulate cortex, BALB/c Mice underwent acquisition, retention and extinction of an appetitive operant-conditioning task in a Skinner box. There was no significant difference between lesioned and control animals in acquisition; however, lesioned mice exhibited improved retention and faster extinction. These results suggest a possible involvement of the cingulate cortex in memory processes. PMID- 6804019 TI - [Comparison of blood-brain barrier of various amino acids in 5, 12 and 21 day old rats]. AB - The bolus injection technique described by Oldendorf has been modified in order to study the blood brain transport of amino acids in immature Rats. The brain uptake indices (BUI) of lysine, leucine, alanine, proline, glucose and glutamic acid have been compared at tracer dose and at 10 mM concentration in 5, 12 and 21 day-old Rats. At every time-period, the BUIs of proline, glycine and glutamic acid were not decreased by the 10 mM concentration and were similar to that of sucrose. Between day 5 to 21, the saturable fraction of the BUI of lysine decreased by 50% that of leucine increased by about 50% and that of alanine which represented only a small fraction of the total uptake decreased with time; the unsaturable fraction of the BUIs of these 3 amino acids was higher than the BUI of sucrose and declined progressively. PMID- 6804022 TI - [Teratogenic effect of cadmium acetate of chick embryo development at various pHs]. PMID- 6804023 TI - [Size distribution of metastases during detection and adjuvant treatment: biomathematical approach]. AB - A model has been developed to represent the size distribution of metastases at the time at which the primary tumor was treated and to assess the size of the metastases which were controlled by adjuvant chemotherapy (or radiotherapy). The results of two therapeutic clinical trials are analysed in order to illustrate the model. PMID- 6804024 TI - [Effect of thyroid deficiency on cutaneous nerve development in chickens]. PMID- 6804025 TI - [Retroinhibition of thyroid iodide active transport in rats, after a long iodine deficient diet followed by a normal iodine diet]. AB - Rats were submitted to an iodine deficient diet during 6 months. At the end of this treatment, normal iodine diet was given to the animals during 16 days. For the first two days of iodine refeeding, thyroidal iodide was strongly stored, which is explained by a very stimulated iodide pump and by an iodination blockade. After this latency, the thyroidal iodide promptly decreased whereas iodide pump was always activated, and iodination still inhibited. A retroinhibition by thyroidal iodide on its active transport is postulated. PMID- 6804026 TI - [Estradiol and cell division: evidence for an indirect effect]. AB - Castrated Quails were perfused for 24 h with estradiol-17 beta (E2: 2 ng/mn) through either the jugular vein or the portal vein. The parameters compared included: plasma E2 levels, changes in oviduct weight, DNA and soluble protein content, estrophilin concentration in nuclear preparations of oviducts and progestophilin concentration in the cytosol of oviducts. The cumulative results suggest that: (1) E2 affects the proliferation of cells by an indirect pathway that involve a message generated in the liver. (2) The control of the synthesis of cell-type specific protein required the direct action of E2 at the level of the oviduct cells. PMID- 6804032 TI - [The pyramidal tract is involved in the control of an autonomic response (skin potential response), in the cat (author's transl)]. AB - On Cats paralyzed by gallamine, electrical stimulation of corticospinal fibers still evoked skin potential responses, after a transection of the medulla only sparing the pyramidal tract. These responses persisted even after aspiration of the medullary tissue posterior to the section and overlying the pyramids. These results indicate that the pyramidal tract can participate in the control of electrodermal activities, besides reticular influences that also act upon the spinal level. PMID- 6804029 TI - [A B-DNA conformation in agreement with X-ray from fibres and infrared data (author's transl)]. AB - A right-handed double helix is proposed as a model for fibres of B-DNA. This conformation presents geometrical parameters which are in agreement with X-ray data as well as with infrared measurements. Dihedral angles and atomic coordinates are given together with curves of the calculated intensities. These results are compared with experimental values and with preceding models of the B DNA. PMID- 6804027 TI - [Noradrenergic innervation of rat neocortex during development: immunocytochemical evidence using anti-dopamine-beta-hydroxylase antibodies]. AB - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), the synthetizing enzyme for norepinephrine, has been visualized by immunofluorescence technique ontogeny in the Rat cerebral cortex. DBH like immunoreactive fibers develop as two bundles, one in the marginal zone observed at embryonic day 19 and another in the deep cortex visible at birth. These plexuses rapidly invade the whole neocortex following a rostro caudal gradient. Five days after birth, all cortical layers show DBH containing fibers but the adult pattern is only reached two weeks after birth. PMID- 6804034 TI - The concept of hospice. PMID- 6804030 TI - [Inhibition of the diffusion of plasmids by a nitrofuran derivative]. AB - Antibiotic resistance plasmids PR4, R6K, and RGN238 can transfer between Escherichia coli cells by conjugation (transfer frequency: 3 to 3.5 x 10(-4)). Nifurzide, a nitrofuran derivative, greatly depresses plasmid transfer at concentrations (59 microM) which do not affect cell viability. PMID- 6804033 TI - Retinoblastoma: diagnosis and management. PMID- 6804028 TI - [Study of helix-coil transition of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with self complementary sequence d-ApCpApTpGpT by 1H-NMR]. AB - The helix-coil transition of dACATGT was investigated by 1H-NMR spectroscopy at 276 and 400 MHz. The results suggest that the fraying process only consists of two stages: The AT extreme base pairs open at first then the GC internal and AT central base pairs open simultaneously at higher temperatures. The midpoint temperature of each base pair, the helix-coil dissociation constants and the corresponding enthalpy were determined from the delta = f (t degree) curves of non exchangeable protons. The unusual line width of the H1, proton resonance of the cytidine residue, observed at t less than 42 degree C was attributed to the fact that this proton is located in the proximity of the (cytoxine) C = O ... H2N (guanine) hydrogen bond. PMID- 6804035 TI - Altered coagulability in cancer patients. PMID- 6804031 TI - [The influence of maternal calcitonin on fetal plasma calcium in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - The relative fetal autonomy for plasma calcium in regard to the maternal plasma value led us to investigate a possible effect of maternal hormones on the placental transfer of calcium. For this purpose we have used pregnant Rats deprived of endogenous calcitonin (CT) by thyroidectomy (TX) or thyroparathyroidectomy (TPTX). Increases in fetal plasma calcium of 0.87 mg/dl for TX mothers, 2.46 mg/dl for TPTX mothers, and 0.54 mg/dl for normal mothers occurred at the end of a 1 hr. maternal calcium infusion 3.6 mg/100 g body weight) at 21.5 days of gestation. The absence of CT in TX and TPTX mothers and the already known reduced levels of placental Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in TPTX Rats might explain these results. Maternal CT seems to have an inhibitory effect on the placental transfer of calcium, whereas placental CaBP might play a more important role as a "buffer". PMID- 6804038 TI - Colonoscopy and colon cancer: current clinical practice. PMID- 6804036 TI - The California breast cancer law and government-mandated patient education. PMID- 6804037 TI - Ankylosing spondylitis with fibrosis and carcinoma of the lung. PMID- 6804040 TI - Screening for endometrial cancer. PMID- 6804039 TI - Nipple banking. PMID- 6804042 TI - [Evaluation of acupuncture treatment for sensorineural deafness and deaf-mutism based on 20 years' experience (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804041 TI - Screening for endometrial cancer. PMID- 6804043 TI - [Clinical application of electric response audiometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804045 TI - [Familial streptomycin intoxication to the acoustic nerve (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804044 TI - [Sex-linked recessive hereditary deafness (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804047 TI - [A pathomorphologic study on liver needle biopsy specimens from patients of severe viral hepatitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804046 TI - [A newly discovered homologous 14q14q Robertsonian translocation in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804049 TI - [The effects of cigarette smoke condensates on the frequency of sister chromatid exchange in isolated human peripheral lymphocytes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804048 TI - [The effect of endogenous insulin on lipid metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804050 TI - [Pathological studies on gastrointestinal carcinoids (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804051 TI - [The normal value of high-density-lipoprotein(HDL) cholesterol and factors affecting it (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804053 TI - [Investigative analysis of ossification center at the wrist in 2,552 children under 7 years of age (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804052 TI - [Studies on Tgamma and Tmu cells in 200 cases of gastric carcinoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804054 TI - [Calibration of audiometer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804055 TI - [Lung cancer and hereditary (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804056 TI - [Detection of myoglobin by reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) test and its value in early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804057 TI - [The inhibitory effects of the plasma and cancerous tissue extract of patients with nasopharyngeal cancer to peripheral lymphocytic transformation---a study on immunological inhibitors in nasopharyngeal cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804058 TI - [Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serodiagnosis of paragonimiasis---a preliminary report on the use of peroxidase-protein A in detecting antibodies of paragonimus in the serum of man and dogs (author's transl]. PMID- 6804059 TI - [Electron-microscopic observations on platelet aggregation groups (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804060 TI - [Electron-microscopic observations on bioptic testicular tissue of cancerous patients after oral administration of gossypol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804061 TI - [Intrathecal injection of harringtonine and homoharringtonine in treating central nervous system leukemia--clinical analysis of 26 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804062 TI - [A study on the prevention and treatment of beriberi (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804063 TI - [Complication caused by central venous transfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804064 TI - [A combined device of negative pressure bottle with injector for artificial abortion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804065 TI - [Research work on traumatic ischemic necrosis of the femoral head in the recent 15 years (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804066 TI - Cerebral blood flow and metabolism following ketamine administration. AB - The effects of ketamine on cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral metabolic rate (CMRO2) and intracranial pressure (ICP) were evaluated in ventilated or spontaneously breathing goats after peripheral administration of 5 mg . kg-1 and central administration of 0.1-2.0 mg. In mechanically ventilated normocarbic goats intravenous ketamine 5 mg . kg-1 had no effect on CBF, but did produce a significant reduction in CMRO2 (4.3 +/- 0.4 vs 3.7 +/- 0.3 ml O2 . min-1/100 g) five minutes after injection. However, in spontaneously breathing goats, ketamine caused a significant increase in CBF (77 +/- 7 vs 109 +/- 12 ml . min-1/100 g), a significant reduction in CMRO2 (4.3 +/- 0.3 vs 3.8 +/- 0.4) and an increase of PCO2 from 4.5 +/- 0.5 to 5.4 +/- 0.9 kPa (34 +/- 4 to 41 +/- 7 torr). Small doses of ketamine (0.1-2.0 mg) injected directly into the cerebral circulation failed to cause any significant change in CBF. Intracranial pressure showed a significant increase from 13 +/- 3 to 19 +/- 3 mm Hg in spontaneously breathing goats and no change in ventilated goats. These data suggest that ketamine is a mild depressant of cerebral metabolic rate and has no other cerebral vascular effects. PMID- 6804069 TI - The effects of molybate, tungstate and lxd on aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effects of dietary sodium molybdate and sodium tungstate on eye color and aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities have been determined in Drosophila melanogaster. Dietary sodium tungstate administration has been used as a screening procedure to identify two new lxd alleles. Tungstate administration results in increased frequencies of "brown-eyed" flies in lxd stocks and a coordinate decrease in AO and XDH activities in all genotypes tested. The two new lxd alleles affect AO and XDH in a qualitatively but not quantitatively similar fashion to the original lxd allele. AO and XDH activity and AO-CRM levels appear much more sensitive to mutational perturbations of this gene-enzyme than do XDH CRM levels in the genotypes tested. PMID- 6804067 TI - Correction of the unfavourable effects of vasopressin by nitroglycerin infusion. AB - Nitroglycerin was administered with vasopressin to prevent adverse effects. Vasopressin 0.25U . 70 kg-1 min-1 was infused intravenously in four dogs for 40 minutes, when a venous infusion of nitroglycerin 1.2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 was added for 20 minutes. Nitroglycerin 1.2 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1 alone was infused intravenously in another four dogs for 40 minutes. The venous blood pressures (mesenteric and central) and arterial pressures (mesenteric and femoral), the electrocardiogram and arterio-venous difference were recorded. Nitroglycerin was shown to annul the unfavourable effects of vasopressin without altering its efficacy upon portal pressure. PMID- 6804070 TI - Antigenic analyses of tissues and excretory and secretory products from Strongylus vulgaris. AB - Rabbit antisera were prepared against veronal buffered saline extracts of L4 and L5 Strongylus vulgaris, adult S. vulgaris and adult Strongylus equinus retrieved from naturally infected horses. In agar gel diffusion with these antisera, adult S vulgaris and S. equinus each appeared to have at least one unique antigen; larval S. vulgaris appeared to have two species-specific and two stage-specific antigens. There were several common antigens. Excretory and secretory products were collected also from L4 and L5 an maintained over several days in tissue culture fluid. In agar gel diffusion against the above rabbit antisera, a stage specific antigen was found also in excretory and secretory products. In addition, excretory and secretory products had three antigens in common with adult and larval S. vulgaris, but only one of these was common to adult S. equinus. The excretory and secretory products appear, therefore, to have two species-specific and one stage-specific antigens. PMID- 6804068 TI - A comparison of T4 and T7 dermatomal levels of analgesia for caesarean section using the lumbar epidural technique. AB - We compared analgesia to the T4 dermatomal level with analgesia to the T7 level with and without prophylactic intramuscular administration of ephedrine 25 mg to determine the adequacy and side effects of such analgesia for caesarean section. Unmedicated patients were prehydrated (727 +/- 303 ml of saline solution) and kept in a left lateral tilt position. Sufficient three per cent chloroprocaine was given to obtain analgesia to the T7 (T6-T8) dermatomal level (455 +/- 128 mg) or to the T4 (T3-T5) dermatomal level (758 +/- 168 mg). Patients who received analgesia to the higher level required less narcotic than those who received analgesia to the lower level (21 per cent versus 48 per cent) (p less than 0.05). The incidence of hypotension in patients with analgesia at the T4 level was 21 per cent for those receiving ephedrine and 64 per cent for those who did not receive ephedrine (p less than 0.05). Intramuscular administration of ephedrine 25 mg was not associated with increased plasma levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine or dopamine. There was no difference in Apgar score, behavioural test scores, neonatal acid-base status or oxygenation in children of mothers in the different groups. We conclude that a T4 dermatomal level of analgesia combined with intramuscular administration of ephedrine 25 mg, provides more maternal comfort than a T7 level of analgesia does, with or without ephedrine, and is without significant maternal or foetal side effects. PMID- 6804071 TI - Serotyping and detection of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae by indirect fluorescent antibody technique. AB - This report provides a description and evaluation of the indirect fluorescent antibody technique for serotyping and detecting Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. The indirect fluorescent-antibody technique was serotype-specific when reference strains and sera were tested. Sixty-five field isolates were serotyped by indirect fluorescent-antibody technique and belonged to types 1,2 an 5. Two isolates did not fit any of the five established types. Twenty-three of the 65 isolates were also typed by immunodiffusion and the two tests agreed completely. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was detected in freshly-fixed impression smears from 12 lungs having acute pleuropneumonia. The identity of the bacteria was subsequently confirmed by cultural procedures. Fixed smears of cultured Haemophilus bacteria can be stored or mailed at -20 degrees to +24 degrees C without losing stainability. PMID- 6804074 TI - The antiarrhythmic action of encainide versus ventricular arrhythmias in the conscious dog following coronary artery ligation. AB - Encainide (MJ 9067) was given intravenously at 1, 2, or 5 mg/kg and orally at 1, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg to conscious dogs 18--23 h after two-stage ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Heart rate and ventricular ectopic rate were lowered in a dose-related manner by 40--70 and 55--158 beats/min, respectively, following drug administration. Ventricular arrhythmia was frequently abolished with doses of 2 mg/kg and above. The onset of antiarrhythmic activity was 1--2 min after intravenous injection and 15--30 min after oral ingestion. The duration of effect was 6--7 h or longer following either route of drug administration. Emesis occurred in 1 of 10 and 1 of 6 dogs, respectively, at the 2 and 5 mg/kg intravenous dose levels. Brief ataxia was also observed in one dog given the latter dose. PMID- 6804075 TI - The metabolism of cyanide and the gastrointestinal circulation of the resulting thiocyanate under conditions of chronic cyanide intake in the rat. AB - A study of the distribution of 14C-labelled cyanide was carried out in rats exposed to a regular intake of cyanide in the diet for 3 weeks. All tissues contained radioactivity 9 h after injection of 14CN- but very high amounts were found in the stomach, which accounted for 18% of the total injected radioactivity. Most of this was in the contents of the stomach, of which over 80% was in the form of thiocyanate. When a small amount of S14CN- was given by mouth to rats with elevated plasma thiocyanate levels, most of the activity was excreted in the urine and only small amounts were found in the faeces. This indicated the existence of a gastrointestinal circulation of thiocyanate, in which a substantial amount of this substance secreted into the stomach contents of the rat was reabsorbed by the intestine into the body fluid to be partly excreted in the urine and partly resecreted into the gastric contents. The likely implications of this are discussed. PMID- 6804073 TI - Evidence against a role for lipoxygenase-derived products of arachidonic acid in the lamb ductus arteriosus. AB - The effects of leukotrienes, the leukotriene antagonist FPL55712 (sodium 7-(3-(4 acetyl-3-hydroxy-2-propyl-phenoxy)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-4-oxo-8-propyl-4H-1 benzopyran-2-carboxylate), and inhibitors of arachidonate lipoxygenase and cyclo oxygenase (compound BW755C, 3-amino-1-(m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-2-pyrazoline; ETYA, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid) were studied in an isolated preparation of ductus arteriosus from mature foetal lambs. Leukotrienes (LT) C4 and D4 produced a modest relaxation of the ductus but only at the highest concentrations tested (10(-7) to 10(-6) M) and under hypoxic conditions (PO2, 6--9 Torr (1 Torr = 133.322 Pa)). LTB4 had no effect at any concentration tested. BW755C (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) and FPL55712 (10(-5) M) contracted the hypoxic ductus; however, their action was abolished by pretreatment of the tissue with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (2.8 x 10(-6) M). Indomethacin-treated preparations were also unresponsive to ETYA 3 x 10(-5) M. The contraction of hypoxic tissues to either BW755C or FPL55712 increased further upon raising the oxygen tension of the medium (PO2 591--691 Torr). These findings indicate that leukotrienes and allied compounds formed from lipoxygenase-catalysed reactions do not contribute to prenatal patency of the ductus and are unlikely to have a role in its closure at birth. It is also confirmed that prostaglandin E2 is essential for keeping the vessel patent in the foetus. PMID- 6804072 TI - The effects of ochratoxin A on the immune response of Swiss mice. AB - The acute intraperitoneal toxicity of ochratoxin A (OA) for adult female Swiss mice is presented. The seven-day LD(50) was calculated to be 48 +/- 3.2 mg/kg. Daily intraperitoneal administrations of 10 mg OA/kg resulted in 50% mortality by the tenth day of injection. Clinical symptoms included depression, huddling, roughened hair coats, humped backs and reduced weight gains. Mice injected intraperitoneally daily for 50 days with 5 mg OA/kg had a significantly (P<0.01) depressed antibody response to killed Brucella abortus. In contrast, oral administrations of OA at 4 ppm in feed for 50 days did not depress titre levels. Ochratoxin A also significantly (P<0.01 intraperitoneal; P<0.05 oral administrations) reduced body weight gain over the period of the trials. Neither oral nor intraperitoneal administration of OA for 50 days affected the response of mice to sheep red blood cells although both the number of antibody-forming cells and the number of cells per spleen were significantly lowered (P<0.01) by cyclophosphamide. Both spleen and body weights were significantly lowered (P<0.05) in the groups given OA. There was a significant depression of blast transformation (P<0.01) in mice treated intraperitoneally with either OA or cyclophosphamide and stimulated with concanavalin A; oral administration of OA did not depress blast transformation. It would appear that lower levels of exposure, e.g. 4 ppm OA in feed, do not cause depression of the immune response of mice. The depressive effect seen at much higher levels may be a result of a nonselective toxic effect. PMID- 6804076 TI - Acetaminophen toxicity in fed and fasted mice. AB - Acetaminophen (750 mg/kg) toxicity and its modification by N-acetylcysteine (NAC, 1200 mg/kg) have been compared in fed and fasted mice. There was no significant difference between fed and fasted animals with respect to microsomal protein content, cytochrome(s) P-450 content, and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity. Glucuronyl transferase activity was significantly higher in fasted mice. Hepatotoxicity, as determined histologically and by liver enlargement was greater in fasted than fed mice. Covalent binding of [3H]acetaminophen metabolite(s) to liver proteins was also greater in fasted animals. NAC administration prevented acetaminophen-induced microscopic changes and liver enlargement and reduced the magnitude of covalent binding of acetaminophen metabolites. Fasting caused a marked fall in liver reduced sulfhydryl concentration. The incidence of acetaminophen-induced hypothermia was greater in fasted than in fed animals. NAC administration reduced hypothermia in fasted mice and abolished it in fed animals. It is concluded that enhanced acetaminophen toxicity in fasted mice compared with fed mice is unlikely to be a consequence of increased reactive metabolite formation, but rather a result of reduced inactivation of reactive metabolite(s) due to reduced hepatic glutathione stores in fasted mice. PMID- 6804077 TI - Lithium, leukopenia and affective illness. PMID- 6804079 TI - Gastric plasmacytoma: an immunologic and immunohistochemical study. AB - A case of IgG (lambda) secreting plasmacytoma arising in the stomach has been presented. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells contained IgG-lambda immunoglobulin. Immunoelectrophoretic study on patient's serum revealed in the gamma zone the presence of M protein which reacted specifically with anti-IgG and anti-lambda antisera. Agar electrophoresis and immunofixation electrophoresis with anti-IgG and anti-lambda antisera showed multiple subbands. Neuraminidase treatment of the purified IgG from this patient resulted in gradual reduction of four subbands to two. Electrophoretic charge difference of the monoclonal immunoglobulin may be attributed to incompletely synthesized sugar chains attached to the protein core. PMID- 6804080 TI - Immunohistologic studies of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins in rheumatic diseases including two patients with monoclonal patterns and subsequent lymphoma. AB - Tissue specimens from five patients with rheumatic disease who developed lymphadenopathy were studied by an immunoperoxidase method; available biopsy material was examined for cytoplasmic immunoglobulin determinants. Three patients had follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes with polyclonal patterns. Two patients with Sjogren's syndrome had monoclonal patterns; both of these patients subsequently developed lymphoma with similar monoclonal patterns. Implications of the monoclonal patterns with regard to the biology of these lymphoproliferative disorders are discussed. PMID- 6804081 TI - A human plasma cell line: induction and characterization. AB - A stable line of IgG K producing human plasma cells was established from a myelomatous human bone marrow using conditioned media from a rapidly metabolizing lymphoblast line, RPMI 4098. Growth in RPMI 1640 (15% fetal calf serum) at 6% CO2 promoted a 62-hour doubling time with a preferred cell concentration of 1 x 10(6)/mL. Surface marker studies showed: no receptors for sheep erythrocytes, no surface immunoglobulins, variable number of cells bearing complement receptors and 83% bearing Fc receptors. Although transmission electron micrographs demonstrated a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum, radioimmunoassay showed 23 ng IgG and 28.7 ng Kappa were produced by 1 x 10(6) cells in 72 hours. Further, the cells are lipase, esterase and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen negative. ASG banding showed a total chromosome number that varied from 46--49. Since the number of human plasma cell lines is limited, it is felt that this line will augment the immunobiological study of human myeloma. PMID- 6804078 TI - An outbreak of Pseudomonas mastitis in dairy cows. AB - An outbreak of mastitis in a dairy herd is described in which the causative organism was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cases occurred either in dry cows or in animals which had very recently calved. The fact that all four quarters were involved is a very strong indication that the bacteria had been introduced in the dry cow therapy. PMID- 6804082 TI - Effect of methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in advanced Hodgkin's disease. AB - One-hundred-ninety-six patients with Stage III and IV Hodgkin's disease were prospectively randomized to receive either treatment with the methanol extraction residue of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (MER/BCG) or no immunotherapy. Prior to the MER/BCG randomization, patients received six courses of induction and two years of maintenance chemotherapy so that a group with a presumptively low tumor burden could be established. Only patients achieving a complete remission were evaluated. During the first two years of immunotherapy, the MER/BCG group had a relapse frequency twice that of controls. The overall crude relapse frequency and disease-free survival were similar between the two treatment groups. The MER/BCG dose schedule used in this study was associated with a high frequency of unacceptable toxicity. Ulcerations of greater than 1 cm occurred in one-third of the patients with associated pain, fever, and occasional lymphadenopathy. A high degree of patient noncompliance (36%) was observed. Age (P = 0.002), prior radiotherapy (P = 0.032), and chemotherapy (P = 0.044) were prognostic factors found to significantly influence remission duration. These factors were balanced between patients treated with immunotherapy and those who were not. MER/BCG therapy did not significantly delay or prevent relapse. PMID- 6804083 TI - The immunologic characterization of 40 extranodal lymphoid infiltrates: usefulness in distinguishing between benign pseudolymphoma and malignant lymphoma. AB - In the studies described here, 40 extranodal lymphoid tumors obtained from 38 patients were evaluated by cell-marker analysis and the results correlated with the light microscopic features. These infiltrates were investigated for the present composition of cells expressing Ia antigens, surface immunoglobulin (SIg), including kappa and lambda light chains, sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette formation, and acid a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. Fifteen biopsy specimens consisted of variable proportions of benign T and polyclonal B cells; these 15 lesions had the histopathologic features of benign pseudolymphomas. The remaining biopsy specimens consisted almost entirely of B cells bearing monoclonal SIg (18 cases) or a great preponderance of T cells (five cases) or non B, non-T (null) cells (two cases); these 25 lesions were classified histopathologically as malignant lymphomas. Thus, the extranodal lymphoid infiltrates were divisible, according to their cell-marker characteristics, into two categories: lesions that are immunologically polyclonal and lesions that are immunologically monoclonal B-cell proliferations or consist of a great preponderance of T or null cells. In each case, polyclonality correlated with benign cytomorphologic features and monoclonality correlated with malignant histopathology. Cell-marker analysis appears to represent an important adjunct to light microscopy in distinguishing histologically problematic benign pseudolymphomas from malignant lymphomas that arise in the extranodal tissues. Cell marker analysis will undoubtedly provide insights into the histogenesis, natural history, and biologic behavior of the extranodal lymphoid neoplasms not attainable using light microscopy alone. PMID- 6804084 TI - Demonstration of monoclonal lymphoplasmacytic proliferations by immunofluorescence on routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. AB - This study explores the use of immunofluorescence on routine formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue to distinguish monoclonal from polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic proliferations. Sixteen tissues containing plasma cell or lymphocyte and plasma cell proliferations were studied. Five-micron sections were deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated, and treated with 0.1% trypsin for two hours. After washing with phosphate-buffered saline, separate sections were stained with fluorescein-conjugated antibody to IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, and IgE, and a single section was stained with both fluorescein-conjugated anti-kappa and rhodamine-conjugated antilambda. The latter section was useful to distinguish nonspecific adsorption of the fluorochromes. Where possible, results were correlated with immunoelectrophoretic studies of serum and urine. Eleven specimens with monoclonal and four specimens with polyclonal lymphoplasmacytic proliferations were readily identified, including a case of giant lymph node hyperplasia with a monoclonal IgDK plasma cell component (confirmed by specific absorption studies). Identification of monoclonality by immunofluorescence preceded immunoelectrophoretic identification in one case. One other case gave equivocal results by fluorescence. Further, the method worked on formalin-fixed decalcified tissues, although a somewhat heavier background staining was noted. This method offers a simple, reliable technique to establish or confirm the diagnosis of monoclonal lymphoplasmacytic lesions. PMID- 6804085 TI - Ultrastructure of vacuolated plasma cells in macroglobulinemia associated with production of Mu-chain fragment. AB - In a unique case of macroglobulinemia associated with the production of mu-chain fragment, the authors observed vacuolated plasma cells (Vac-P) in the bone marrow. Immunofluorescence with anti-mu-chain showed positive staining for the cytoplasm but negative for the vacuoles. On electron microscopic study, clear vacuoles were localized in the vicinity of the Golgi complex, and the contents were amorphous membrane debris and concentric circular structures. The vacuolar membrane was partially disrupted and was contiguous with the outer surface of the concentric circular structure. From the findings, the authors thought these vacuoles were autophagic. Disruption of vacuolar membranes was also demonstrated in three other cases of Vac-P studies with electron microscope. Heterophagy of toxic substances, such as silica or salt or urate, leads to membrane disruption. Vac-P observed in abnormal mu-chain production may produce toxic substances. Once the substance is incorporated into the autophagic vacuole, the vacuolar membrane will be weakened, and the absorption of part of the membrane and cytoplasm or organelles follows. PMID- 6804088 TI - Pharmaceutics: mitomycin C: a brief review. PMID- 6804087 TI - A comparative study of Burkitt's and non-Burkitt's "undifferentiated" malignant lymphoma: immunologic, cytochemical, ultrastructural, cytologic, histopathologic, clinical and cell culture features. AB - Nine patients with "undifferentiated" lymphoma (DUL) of Burkitt's (AMB, four cases) and non-Burkitt's (NB, five cases) types were studied. All specimens stained for a single immunoglobulin light chain indicating a monoclonal B-cell lymphoid proliferation. Striking methyl green pyronine and punctate Oil-Red O staining were demonstrated in both groups. Histologic and cytologic examination demonstrated a lymphoid proliferation with a high mitotic count, a "starry-sky" pattern, prominent cytoplasmic basophilia and vacuolation in both subtypes. The AMB cases showed a predominance of regular nuclei with 3-5 basophilic nucleoli, while the NB cases showed slightly greater nuclear variability with a greater proportion of nuclei containing 1-2 eosinophilic nucleoli. The AMB patients were all children (median, 12 age years) and those with NB were adults (median, age 54 years). The site of presentation in both groups was predominantly extranodal and abdominal. This report emphasizes the considerable immunologic, morphologic, cytochemical and clinical overlap present among the subtypes of "undifferentiated" lymphoma. PMID- 6804089 TI - Resistance to L1210 mouse leukemia cells in moderately protein-malnourished BALB/c mice treated in vivo with thymosin fraction V. AB - Moderate protein malnutrition retarded the i.p. proliferation of L1210 mouse leukemia cells in BALB/c mice. The increased resistance against leukemia cell growth in protein-malnourished mice was correlated with increased in vitro mitogenic responsiveness of spleen lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and increased levels of serum corticosterone but could not be correlated with altered development of splenic lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. The increased resistance against leukemia cells in well-fed mice treated with thymosin alone could not be correlated with an increase in any of these parameters. Treatment with Thymosin Fraction V further increased the resistance of protein-malnourished mice to i.p. leukemia cell growth. The increased resistance of these mice to tumor cell growth was correlated with increased splenic lymphocyte mitogenic responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, elevated serum corticosterone levels, and a slight increase in lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity 14 days after tumor challenge. For 7 days after the last treatment, protein-malnourished mice had reduced serum corticosterone levels. Nevertheless, the serum corticosterone levels were still higher than normal in these mice. PMID- 6804086 TI - "Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia" terminating in immunoblastic sarcoma. A case report. AB - An autopsy case of 69-year-old man with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia terminating in immunoblastic sarcoma is reported. In the course of this case, the appearance of plasmocytoid lymphocytes was initially observed in peripheral blood smears and bone marrow punctures, but lymph node biopsy and bone marrow aspirations performed in the terminal stage, as well as autopsy, revealed a diffuse monotonous proliferation of immunoblasts in the lymphoreticular tissues. With the immunofluorescence method and PAP method of Taylor,11 IgM kappa type of immunoglobulin was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of the proliferating cells, and the electron microscopic enzyme-labeled antibody technique identified localization of the immunoglobulin in the nuclear envelope and rough endoplasmic reticula of the immunoblasts. The results indicate that the initial appearance of plasmocytoid lymphocytes in this case and its terminal transformation into immunoblastic sarcoma are rare phenomena occurring in a single clone proliferation disorder of B-cell synthesizing IGM kappa immunoglobulins. PMID- 6804090 TI - Biological characteristics and estrogen and progesterone receptors in mammary carcinoma induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by a series of intragastric intubations of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. AB - Biological characteristics and estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors were studied in male mammary carcinomas induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in male inbred Sprague-Dawley rats (MM). DMBA-induced carcinomas in females (MF) were used as controls. In 36 of 44 female rats given 20 mg DMBA once by gastric intubation at 50 days of age, MF with microscopic characteristics of cystic papillary adenocarcinoma developed 124 +/- 49 (S.D.) days after challenge. In all of the 42 male rats given 10 mg DMBA at 14-day intervals for 14 weeks starting from 28 days of age. MM with microscopic characteristics of medullary adenocarcinoma developed 106 +/- 21 days after the first intubation of DMBA. The growth of primary MM was unaffected by orchiectomy or estrogen. Eighty to 100% of the MM transplanted in the four groups could grow in intact female rats, ovariectomized female rats, intact male rats, and castrated male rats, while the transplanted MF could grow only in intact female rats. The histology of MM was unchanged in primary and transplanted tumors under various hormonal conditions. ER were present in almost all of the hormone-independent primary and transplanted MM, although the levels for cytosol ER in MM were significantly lower than those in MF. Injection of 10 micrograms 17 beta-estradiol induced marked synthesis of PR in primary and transplanted MM, even 24 and 48 hr after the 17 beta-estradiol injection. These findings show that MM are hormone independent but, like hormone dependent female tumors, contain ER and estrogen-dependent PR. PMID- 6804091 TI - Late effects of radiation therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease. AB - In the last two decades, a considerable amount of clinical and experimental animal data has been accumulated regarding the tolerance of the major normal tissues and organs traversed by the radiation beams in treating Hodgkin's disease. Typically, the tolerance of several tissues and organs must be considered in designing the very large radiation portals such as the mantle. Today, sophisticated machinery such as computerized tomography scanners, simulators, computers, and linear accelerators are available to improve the radiation planning and treatment of Hodgkin's disease. In this paper, we discuss the late effects of radiation therapy to the lung, heart, thyroid, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and the gonads of adults with Hodgkin's disease. Emphasis is placed on our recommendations for modifications of radiation technique to improve the complication-free cure rate. PMID- 6804092 TI - Paradoxical bradycardia following the administration of sodium nitroprusside in the rat is abolished by indomethacin. AB - Severe bradycardia and hypotension associated with the administration of organic nitrates or nitrites has been observed in patients with ischaemic heart disease and hypertension. Experiments were performed on rats to elucidate the mechanism by which these vasodilators may effect their anomalous bradycardia-hypotensive effect. In sodium pentobarbital (50 mg.kg-1, ip) anaesthetised rats of the Wistar strain, hypotension and a paradoxical bradycardia were observed following the intra-arterial injection of 10 microgram.kg-1 sodium nitroprusside or 1 mg.kg-1 arachidonic acid. Bilateral vagotomy abolished the bradycardia to both sodium nitroprusside and arachidonic acid but did not eliminate their hypotensive effects. Indomethacin (5 mg.kg-1) abolished the blood pressure and heart rate responses to arachidonic acid. However, indomethacin abolished only the bradycardia to sodium nitroprusside without reducing its effect on blood pressure. These data suggest that in the rat sodium nitroprusside can stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis which then initiates a reflex bradycardia. PMID- 6804093 TI - On tight-junction structure. AB - We have analyzed previous thin-section and freeze-fracture observations of the tight junction. We propose that the tight-junction strands represent intramembranous, cylindrical, inverted micelles. At the junctional site, the exoplasmic halves of the plasma membranes are fused into a continuous leaflet. Therefore, topologically and structurally the tight junction is viewed as the outcome of a process of linear fusion between the plasma membranes of epithelial cells. The extracellular spaces delimited by the junction are separated by two distinct exoplasmic membrane halves and the cylindrical micelles. Junctional stability, fostered by the environmental symmetry of the cytoplasmic milieux of contiguous cells, may be maintained by transmembrane integral proteins at the junctional site, interacting at the cytoplasmic surface with cytoskeletal components. PMID- 6804094 TI - Decapentaplegic: a gene complex affecting morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The decapentaplegic gene complex (2-4.0) in Drosophila melanogaster is defined by a series of allelic mutations affecting imaginal disk development. Decapentaplegic (dpp) mutant individuals exhibit a variety of pattern deficiencies and duplications in structures derived from one or more of the 15 major imaginal disks. Based on dpp mutant phenotypes, we suggest that the dpp gene complex is involved in the elaboration of positional information within developing epidermal tissue. The dpp mutations are recessive and fall into six phenotypic classes. Milder alleles (classes I and II) affect only one or a few disks while most alleles (classes III, IV, V and EL) affect all major imaginal disks. Class EL homozygotes are embryonic lethals; development is arrested before germ-band shortening late in gastrulation. Presently inseparable from EL, is a haplo-insufficient function (Hin-d) associated with the distal (left) end of the dpp gene complex. The dpp gene complex occupies most or all of 22F1--3, three densely staining polytene chromosome bands. A colinearity exists between map positions of the four identified functional units within the complex and the severities of mutant phenotypes caused by disruption of these functions. Most dpp mutations are gross chromosomal rearrangements; they exert polar effects on the decapentaplegic functions that are proximal to the rearrangement breakpoints in 22F. Many structural similarities exist between the decapentaplegic and bithorax gene complexes. PMID- 6804096 TI - Regulation of T-lymphocyte mitogenesis by the leukocyte product 15-hydroxy eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE). PMID- 6804095 TI - Organization of the constant-region gene family of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain. AB - We cloned overlapping DNA segments that encompass the region from the immunoglobulin JH segments to the C gamma 3 gene of BALB/c mouse. We have now cloned the entire region (about 200 kilobases) of the constant-region gene family of the immunoglobulin heavy chain, the organization of which is 5'-JH-6.5 kb-C mu 4.5 kb-C delta-55 kb-C gamma 3-34 kb-C gamma 1-21 kb-C gamma 2b-15 kb-C gamma 2a 14 kb-C epsilon-12 kb-C alpha-3'. Using these cloned DNAs, we have characterized several structural features of the constant-region gene loci. There are no other J region segments except for those at the 5' side of the C mu gene. The S region is 5' to each CH gene except for the C delta gene, and the nucleotide sequences of the S region share some homology. There is no reasonably conserved pseudogene. There are at least two species of reiterated sequences scattered in these loci. Cloning and Southern blot hybridization analyses indicate that the general organizations of the heavy-chain gene loci of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, which have many different serological markers, are fundamentally similar but different in the lengths of S regions. Restriction enzyme cleavage maps of the whole constant region gene loci were constructed with respect to eight restriction endonucleases. PMID- 6804097 TI - Purine salvage pathway enzyme activities in human T-, B-, and null lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6804098 TI - [Methodologic problems in QSAR. I. Minimal inhibitory concentration as a criterium of antibacterial activity; methodological errors and reciprocal correlations in results on different media]. PMID- 6804099 TI - [Iconographia dermatologica - originator of scabies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804100 TI - Binding of polychlorinated biphenyls classified as either phenobarbitone-, 3 methylcholanthrene- or mixed-type inducers to cytosolic Ah receptor. AB - It has been postulated that reversible, high-affinity binding of 3 methylcholanthrene(MC)-type inducers to a receptor protein (the Ah receptor) in hepatic cytosol is essential for induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) enzymic activity. To test this postulate, the binding affinities of 16 highly purified, synthetic chlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners, which have been categorized either as phenobarbitone(PB)-, MC- or mixed (PB + MC)-type inducers of cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase have been examined. The affinity of individual biphenyl congeners for the receptor was determined by their competition with 2,3,7,8-[3H]tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin ([3H]TCDD) for specific cytosolic binding sites as measured by sucrose density gradient analysis following dextran-charcoal treatment. This assay demonstrates (a) that the receptor binds with highest affinity to 3,3', 4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl ('pure MC-like' inducers); (b) mixed-type PCB inducers also bind to the receptor but with an affinity (average EC50-value of 8.6 microM) lower than that for 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl; this corresponds with their relatively lower potencies as AHH inducers; (c) the receptor binds 2,2',4,4'-tetra-, 2,3,4,5-tetra-, 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexa- and 2,3',4,4',5',6 hexachlorobiphenyl at high concentrations (0.1 mM), whereas PB fails to bind, even at a concentration of 10 mM. All PCBs tested competed with [3H]TCDD for Ah receptor, but there was a great variation in their relative binding affinities. The fact that two chlorinated biphenyls classed as 'PB-like' inducers and two chlorinated biphenyls which are neither 'PB- nor MC-type' inducers competed, coupled with the fact that PB did not bind to the receptor suggest that chemicals other than "pure MC-type' inducers can bind to the cytosolic receptor. Affinity of the binding dictates the relative potency of given PCB congeners as inducers of cytochrome P-448. PMID- 6804101 TI - The relationship between metabolism of 2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl and its ability to induce both cytochromes P-448 and P-450. AB - Male CD rats received i.p. injections of 2,3,4,5,3',4',5'-heptachlorobiphenyl (7CB) under conditions resulting in induction of both benzphetamine demethylase (cytochrome P-450-dependent) and ethoxyresorufin deethylase (cytochrome P-448 dependent) activities. To test the possibility that one class of induction (P 450) was due to the parent compound and the other (P-448) to a metabolite, liver, adipose, bile, urine and feces were analyzed for the presence of 3,4,5,3',4',5' hexachlorobiphenyl (6CB) (the major photolysis product of 7CB) and/or 3-hydroxy 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (OH-6CB), another known P-448 inducer. To allow for the possibility that 6CB might be a transient intermediate. The results supported the hypothesis that 7CB is a true 'mixed inducer', nor requiring metabolic alteration for its dual activity. PMID- 6804102 TI - Metabolism of 2,4'5-trichlorobiphenyl: enrichment of hydroxylated and methyl sulphone metabolites in the uterine luminal fluid of pregnant mice. AB - Autoradiography of 2,4',5-trichloro-[14C] biphenyl ([14C] triCB) in mice at different stages of gestation indicated a strong accumulation of radioactivity in the uterine luminal fluid at gestation day 9 and later. From day 10 an uptake of radioactivity occurred also in the yolk sac epithelium. In order to identify the suspected metabolites in the fluid pregnant mice were dosed with unlabelled triCB on gestation day 9. Gas chromatographic (GC) and mass fragmentographic (MF) analysis of extracts of uterine fluid obtained on day 12 showed that hydroxylated, methyl sulphone and conjugated metabolites were present in the fluid. The unchanged triCB could not be detected in the extracts of the fluid. The site of release of the metabolites to the fluid may be the endometrium or, possibly, the yolk sac epithelium. The mechanism behind the concentration of water-insoluble methyl sulphone and hydroxylated metabolites of triCB in an aquatic phase is discussed. PMID- 6804103 TI - Arotinoids. A new class of retinoids with activities in oncology and dermatology. AB - Arotinoids are a new class of retinoids with particular biological properties. Arotinoid Ro 13-6298 in minute quantities leads to regression of chemically induced papillomas of the skin of mice. The ratio between the antipapilloma effect and the toxic syndrome of hypervitaminosis A is very favorable. Ro 13-6298 also has a therapeutic influence on chemically induced skin carcinomas in mice. As the papilloma model has proved to be suitable for screening for antipsoriatic and antikeratinizing properties as well as for antineoplastic screening, arotinoids might be useful in human clinical dermatology and oncology. PMID- 6804105 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin and nifedipine on subendocardial perfusion in the presence of a flow-limiting coronary stenosis in the awake dog. PMID- 6804104 TI - Stereoselective metabolism of ftorafur (R,S-1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5 fluorouracil). PMID- 6804106 TI - Intracoronary nitroglycerin. PMID- 6804107 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide phosphate in patients with Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome. AB - We evaluated the electrophysiologic effects of disopyramide phosphate in 12 patients with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Electrophysiologic studies were performed during a control period and after administering i.v. disopyramide (four bolus doses of 9.5 mg/kg over 40 minutes superimposed on a continuous infusion at 1.0 mg/kg/hour). All patients were then restudied after 3 days on oral medication in doses of 800-1200 mg/day. In all patients we tried to induce reciprocating tachycardia and atrial fibrillation. The cycle length during reciprocating tachycardia was not changed by i.v. disopyramide, but increased after oral disopyramide, from 331 +/- 53 (+/- SD) to 370 +/- 68 msec (p less than 0.01). This increase occurred predominantly as a result of prolongation of retrograde conduction time in the accessory pathway. Despite prolonging cycle length during reciprocating tachycardia, disopyramide did not prevent its induction. The shortest and mean RR intervals during atrial fibrillation were used to assess antegrade refractoriness of the accessory pathway. Intravenous disopyramide prolonged the shortest RR from 169 +/- 18 to 226 +/- 24 msec (p less than 0.0001) and the mean RR from 255 +/- 58 to 329 +/- 62 msec (p less than 0.005). Oral disopyramide prolonged the shortest RR interval from 169 +/- 18 to 248 +/- 36 msec (p less than 0.0001) and the mean RR from 255 +/- 58 to 360 +/- 93 msec (p less than 0.001). After oral disopyramide, the episodes of atrial fibrillation were shorter and self-terminating. No acute hemodynamic side effects were observed, but five patients developed gastrointestinal or anticholinergic side effects on oral disopyramide. Seven patients elected to have surgical interruption of their accessory pathways and five have been successfully treated with oral disopyramide for 14-33 months. Disopyramide appears to have beneficial electrophysiologic effects in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Prolongation of refractoriness in the accessory pathway markedly slows the ventricular response during atrial fibrillation and therefore prevents the development of life-threatening arrhythmias. PMID- 6804108 TI - Comparison of intravenous nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside for treatment of acute hypertension developing after coronary artery bypass surgery. AB - The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that i.v. nitroglycerin is as effective as sodium nitroprusside for managing acute hypertension early after coronary artery bypass surgery. Seventeen patients received both nitroglycerin and nitroprusside in a randomized crossover protocol. Infusion rates were increased stepwise to lower mean arterial pressures comparably with each drug. In 14 of 17 patients, similar infusion rates of the two vasodilators resulted in equal lowering of both blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance. In the remaining three patients, very high infusion rates of nitroglycerin were required and achieved only 20-50% of nitroprusside's response in two of three. Hemodynamic responses to the two vasodilators were similar, except that nitroglycerin increased cardiac output more than nitroprusside did. In contrast, pulmonary gas exchange responses differed in that nitroglycerin improved intrapulmonary shunting, while nitroprusside worsened it. Similarly, nitroglycerin resulted in a significantly smaller increase in the alveolar arterial oxygen gradient than did nitroprusside. These results suggest that in the majority of patients, i.v. nitroglycerin was as effective as nitroprusside in controlling acute hypertension after coronary artery bypass surgery. In addition, nitroglycerin appeared to have more favorable effects on pulmonary gas exchange. Because nitroglycerin has more beneficial effects on intercoronary collateral blood flow in the setting of regional ischemia, it may be preferable to nitroprusside in patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6804109 TI - Comparison of the antianginal efficacy of acebutolol and propranolol. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. PMID- 6804110 TI - Treatment of frequent ventricular arrhythmia with encainide: assessment using serial ambulatory electrocardiograms, intracardiac electrophysiologic studies, treadmill exercise tests, and radionuclide cineangiographic studies. AB - The effects of encainide on ventricular arrhythmia and left ventricular function were studied in 21 patients with chronic, high-grade ventricular arrhythmia using a prospective, 3-month, placebo-controlled, single-blind trial design. Encainide caused a 96% decrease in the average hourly frequency of ventricular premature complexes (VPCs) and comparable reductions in salvos of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) and episodes of sustained VT. Intracardiac electrophysiologic testing showed prolonged intraatrial and intraventricular conduction times and increased atrial, atrioventricular nodal, and ventricular refractory periods with both i.v. and oral encainide without His-Purkinje block, despite marked prolongation of HV and QRS intervals. Induced repetitive ventricular beating after ventricular extrastimuli in 15 patients showed persistent repetitive ventricular beating with chronic oral encainide in seven patients, four of whom had sustained VT within 2 months of treatment on encainide. Encainide did not reduce exercise capacity or left ventricular ejection fraction at rest or during supine exercise. Minor adverse effects of encainide in 11 of 21 patients included dose-related visual disturbances, dizziness and sinus pauses (less than 3 seconds). Major adverse effects included the new appearance of sustained VT in three of 20 patients (15%). Oral encainide effectively reduces the frequency and grade of VPCs, prolongs intracardiac conduction times, and does not impair left ventricular performance. However, it is associated with frequent minor side effects and uncommon but potentially severe major side effects (sustained VT), both of which apparently have a direct relationship to the size of the dose. PMID- 6804112 TI - Effects of inotropic and chronotropic stimuli on acute myocardial ischemic injury. I. Studies with dobutamine in the anesthetized dog. AB - The effect of i.v. dobutamine on acute myocardial ischemic injury was assessed in 22 anesthetized dogs subjected to serial 10-minute occlusions of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The severity of ischemic injury was determined by mass spectrometric measurement of the increase in intramural carbon dioxide tension (delta PmCO2) in the ischemic zone. In the time protocol 1 dogs, dobutamine, 20 micrograms/kg/min, infused between the control and final occlusion, significantly increased both heart rate (HR) and left ventricular (LV) dP/dt; delta PmCO2 was significantly higher during the dobutamine infusion that during control occlusion (76 +/- 21 vs 56 +/- 13 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). The nine protocol 2 dogs were atrially paced at a HR of 20--30 beats/min above baseline values during the control occlusion and received dobutamine (12.6 +/- 7.8 micrograms/kg/min) at doses necessary to attain an equal HR (mean 149--154 beats/min) during the last occlusion. Although LV dP/dt was higher after dobutamine, delta PmCO2 was similar during the two occlusions. Protocol 3 dogs (n = 4) received lower doses of dobutamine (5.6 +/- 3.2 micrograms/kg/min) to produce an increase in LV dP/dt, but not in HR compared with baseline values; delta PmCO2 was similar during control and dobutamine occlusions. There were no major change in arterial or left atrial pressures. Rate-pressure product, an indirect measurement of myocardial oxygen consumption, was increased only by the higher doses of dobutamine in protocol 1. Thus, inotropic stimulation with dobutamine during coronary occlusion does not cause important augmentation of acute myocardial ischemic injury in the nonfailing heart unless HR is increased simultaneously. PMID- 6804111 TI - Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure. AB - Muscular work requires the integration of cardiopulmonary mechanisms for gas exchange and O2 delivery. In patients with chronic cardiac failure, the response of these mechanisms may be impaired, and the pattern of O2 utilization (VO2) and gas exchange during exercise would thus provide an objective assessment of the severity of heart failure. Accordingly, rates of air flow, O2 uptake, CO2 elimination and minute ventilation were determined during progressive treadmill exercise in 62 patients with stable heart failure. Exercise cardiac output, systemic O2 extraction and lactate production were measured directly in 40 patients with heart failure of varying severity. As the severity of heart failure increased from class A to D, there was a progressive decrease in exercise capacity (from 1157 +/- 154 to 373 +/- 157 seconds) and maximum VO2 (23 +/- 3.2 to 8.4 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg). These decreases corresponded with the reduced maximum cardiac output and stroke volume during exercise. The appearance of anaerobic metabolism (580 +/- 17 to 157 +/- 7 seconds of exercise) and the corresponding anaerobic threshold (17 +/- 0.34 to 7.1 +/- 1.5 ml/min/kg), determined noninvasively, were reproducible and correlated with the rise in mixed venous lactate concentration. No apparent untoward effects were experienced during or after the progressive exercise test. We conclude that the measurement of respiratory gas exchange and air flow during exercise is an objective, reproducible and safe noninvasive method for characterizing cardiac reserve and functional status in patients with chronic cardiac failure. PMID- 6804114 TI - Comparison of sodium cromoglycate pressurized aerosol and powder in the treatment of asthma. AB - The effect of a pressurized aerosol formulation of sodium cromoglycate divided in doses of 8 mg a day was compared with that of a standard sodium cromoglycate powder (80 mg a day) in a double blind crossover trial lasting 16 weeks. No significant differences between the two formulations were detected in terms of patients' asthma severity and lung function, recorded monthly at the clinic and daily by the patients. The pressurized aerosol in a much smaller dose appears to be as effective a method as standard cromoglycate, and an alternative method of inhaling sodium cromoglycate for patients who prefer an aerosol to a dry powder formulation. PMID- 6804115 TI - beta-Glucosidase assays in the diagnosis of Gaucher's disease. AB - The description in 1965 of glucocerebroside: beta-glucosidase as the enzymic defect in Gaucher's disease stimulated considerable research interest and effort toward establishing rapid, reliable, and inexpensive enzymic assays for diagnostic purposes and carrier detection. Here, we consider some of the methods currently in use in which the substrate is the synthetic glucoside, 4 methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and leukocytes and fibroblasts are the sources of enzyme. We also consider the concepts of the "acid beta-glucosidase" and multiple forms of beta-glucosidase that have been proposed to explain the effectiveness of the fluorometric assays. Finally, we analyze the limitations of each method and discuss the difficulties involved in instituting heterozygote screening programs in the general population. PMID- 6804116 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin. AB - We describe a mathematical model for a single-tube enzyme immunoassay for free thyroxin (FT4), involving use of a thyroxin/horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) conjugate that does not interact with thyroxin-binding globulin. In the presence of serum two populations of unassociated, or free, immunologically active constituents are present: FT4 and the conjugate. The concentrations of the former are determined by the serum constituents and of the latter by the albumin concentration. When a small quantity of antibody is added, it reacts with the variable amount of FT4 and with the constant amount of the conjugate, thus giving a measure of the FT4. We constructed a mathematical model based on thermodynamic binding constants and adsorption data. The model gives satisfactory agreement with the experimental data under a variety of experimental conditions. Results for 19 patients' serum samples demonstrate the validity of the concept. PMID- 6804113 TI - Propranolol in angina pectoris. Comparison of long-acting and standard formulation propranolol. AB - In a double-blind, crossover study in 20 patients with stable angina pectoris, the effects of long-acting propranolol, 160 mg administered once daily for 4 weeks, were compared with those of standard propranolol, 40 mg given four times daily for 4 weeks. The patients suffered no adverse effects when they were switched between treatment schedules. The average number of episodes of angina during the 4 weeks on long-acting propranolol was 7.3 and on standard propranolol. 6.3. Average nitroglycerin consumption was 5.8 and 4.9 tablets during therapy with these two drug programs. The resting values for heart rate, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product were similar when determined 25.4 hours after a dose of long-acting propranolol and 10.7 hours after standard propranolol. When the patients exercised at these times, patients on long-acting propranolol and standard propranolol had similar walking times to the onset of angina and to the development of moderate angina. The values for heart rate, systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product were similar at rest and during exercise during these two treatment programs. We conclude that long-acting propranolol administered in a dose of 160 mg daily is as effective as 50 mg of standard propranolol four times daily. PMID- 6804117 TI - Liquid-chromatographic analysis for serum theophylline in less than 70 seconds. AB - We describe a sensitive, specific, and very fast liquid-chromatographic assay for serum theophylline, involving a commercially available high-speed reversed-phase column and a micro-flow-cell-equipped detector. Each analysis requires only 100 microL of serum (as little as 25 microL may be used when necessary), and chromatography is complete in less than 70 s. Analytical recovery of theophylline added to serum ranged from 97 to 102%. Between-run precision (CV) ranged from 2.1 to 3.5%. The lower limit of detection for theophylline is 0.5 mg/L, and linearity extends to 50 mg/L. Numerous drugs and xanthine metabolites tested do not interfere. PMID- 6804118 TI - Liquid-chromatographic assay for retinol (vitamin A) and retinol analogs in therapeutic trials. AB - A "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic separation of retinoids (retinol, isotretinoin, all-trans retinoic acid, retinal, etretinate, and retinyl acetate) in serum is described. The separation was used in developing a quantitative assay for retinol (vitamin A) and two therapeutic analogs, isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) and etretinate (Ro 10-9359). The procedure requires 1 mL of serum. Overall analytical recovery for retinol, isotretinoin, and etretinate from serum was 100% (SD 7%). The between-day coefficient of variation for specimens with concentrations ranging from 0.70 to 0.95 mg/L was less than 4%. Normal reference intervals for serum retinol in men and women are 0.61 to 1.33 and 0.44 to 1.19 mg/L, respectively. PMID- 6804119 TI - Proteins of human milk. I. Identification of major components. AB - Traditionally, human milk proteins are identified largely by reference to bovine milk. Hence, to identify the major proteins in human milk, we subjected human and bovine milk, in parallel, to high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.6 was our criterion for distinguishing whey proteins from those of the casein complex. The alpha- and beta-caseins were identified on the basis of relative abundance, relative molecular mass, and relative isoelectric points. Kappa casein was identified as a series of four spots, which disappear from bovine skim milk treated with rennin (chymosin; EC 3.4.23.4) during the clotting process. Para kappa-casein does not appear on the standard ISO-DALT pattern after treatment of bovine milk with rennin, but does appear in BASO-DALT pattern, indicating its high isoelectric point. No protein disappeared from ISO-DALT patterns of human milk after rennin treatment, and no new protein comparable to bovine para kappa-casein appeared in the BASO-DALT patterns; this suggests that kappa-casein is absent from human milk. The proteins identified in human milk patterns include the alpha and beta casein families, lactalbumin, albumin, transferrin, IgA, and lactoferrin. Numerous additional proteins seen in patterns for human milk remain to be identified. PMID- 6804122 TI - Galactosyltransferase variant in pleural effusion. AB - In measuring total galactosyltransferase activity in the pleural effusions from patients with benign or malignant diseases, we found no significant difference between the two groups (p greater than 0.05). However, a small amount of a galactosyltransferase variant, GT(l), could be separated from other galactosyltransferase enzymes in malignant pleural effusions by anion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) with a buffer of low ionic strength. Other galactosyltransferases were eluted from the column with buffer of higher ionic strength. Using a mini-column method, we detected GT(l) enzyme in 19 of 26 specimens fro cancer patients, as compared with eight of 25 specimens from patients with benign disorders. The appearance of GT(l) enzyme in pleural effusion may be a tumor-associated phenomenon. PMID- 6804120 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of serum specimens from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. AB - We modified the ISO-DALT two-dimensional gel electrophoresis system to allow the routine examination of serum specimens from patients with monoclonal gammopathies. This system, MC-Iso 1, is characterized by a broad pH gradient for resolving the basic immunoglobulin heavy and light chains. The increased resolution of basic proteins may be explained on theoretical grounds by an increase in voltage in this region of the cell. Ancillary techniques, such as those for albumin removal and pI assignment through use of charge standards, have also been implemented. The locations of immunoglobulin heavy chains have been confirmed by examination of over 250 serum samples as well as by "electro blotting," with use of specific antisera. IgG subclass may also be predicted by location, but not with perfect accuracy. Differentiation of kappa and lambda light chains by relative mobility has been examined; the predictive value for correct identification of kappa chains is 83%, that for lambda chains 69%. Several unknown proteins have been observed in macroglobulinemia, related to mu heavy chain. Finally, we have determined that there is excellent correlation between non-denaturing isoelectric focusing and our system for pI assignment of light chains. This has importance due to reports of the potential importance of light-chain pI in the development of renal disease in patients with monoclonal gammopathies. PMID- 6804121 TI - Proteins of human urine. III. Identification and two-dimensional electrophoretic map positions of some major urinary proteins. AB - We mapped the proteins of human urine by high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis, utilizing the ISO-DALT system. Wide-range pH gradients and narrow-range acid gradients were both used in the first-dimension separations. The patterns revealed proteins ranging in relative molecular mass from 10 000 to 90 000. Proteins identified in the map included transferrin, albumin, hemopexin, alpha 2-HS glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin. Gc globulin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, Zn alpha 2-glycoprotein, retinol binding protein, beta 2 microglobulin, the immunoglobulin light chains, and MAUP (most acid urinary protein). The use and utility of internal-charge and molecular-mass standards are described. We used electrophoretic transfer of proteins to nitrocellulose sheets and subsequent detection by immunological methods to identify some proteins. PMID- 6804123 TI - Use of glycerol-cryoprotected Lactobacillus casei for microbiological assay of folic acid. AB - A simple procedure for preparing glycerol-cryoprotected Lactobacillus casei cultures has been developed. L. casei grown in medium supplemented with low concentrations of folic acid (0.3 micrograms/L) is diluted with an equal volume of glycerol (800 mL/L) and stored at -20 degrees C. Growth response of the glycerol-cryoprotected L. casei to low concentrations of folic acid exceeded that of cultures maintained by monthly agar stab transfer. Also, growth for the zero folate blanks was considerably less for the cryoprotected cultures. Assay of folate in several rat tissues correlated well (r = 0.999) with the standard microbiological assay. The growth rate of the culture depends on the inoculum size, and a heavy inoculum of cryoprotected L. casei may be used to complete the assay after only an overnight incubation. PMID- 6804126 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for factor VIII-related antigen. AB - I describe a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the quantitation of Factor VIII-related antigen in plasma with use of commercially available peroxidase-labeled antiserum and solid-phase support. Regression analysis of 85 plasma samples analyzed by this technique (y) and by a commonly used electroimmunoassay (Anal. Biochem. 15: 45-52, 1966) (x) gave the equation y = 0.223 + 0.77x (r = 0.973). The present method was also compared with enzyme immunoassay in which a phosphatase-labeled antiserum prepared in our laboratory was used; the correlation between the two assays was very good. The simplicity and specificity of the ELISA technique should make it a useful alternative to the more difficult and time-consuming Laurell method. PMID- 6804125 TI - Oxygen dissociation curves for whole blood, recorded with an instrument that continuously measures pO2 and sO2 independently at constant t, pCO2, and pH. AB - We describe a method for recording oxygen dissociation curves for whole-blood specimens. The blood sample is placed in a thermostated measuring chamber, and pO2 and SO2 are measured continuously by polarography and by reflectometry, respectively. During the recording of an oxygen dissociation curve, the pO2 and SO2 signals are stored in a data-acquisition system, while pH, pCO2, and temperature are kept constant. Determination of precision and error discussion indicated that the coefficient of variation (CV) of the determination of the oxygen dissociation curve is mainly determined by the error in the measurement of SO2. The overall CV of pO2 values belonging to the lower, mid-, and upper parts of the SO2 range is estimated to be about 2.6, 3.1, and 2.1%, respectively. In practice the measurements are about 30% more precise than estimated. With our method, the fixed-acid-induced Bohr effect (H+ factor) can be determined over the entire SO2 range with much greater precision than hitherto. PMID- 6804128 TI - Interference of valproic acid in the colorimetric determination of free fatty acids in plasma. PMID- 6804124 TI - Multiple myeloma protein with three light chains. AB - A case of immunoglobulin G (kappa) myeloma showed, in addition to the monoclonal IgG(kappa) arc, two kappa chains in the serum. The urine specimen contained 7.75 g of kappa chains per liter. The electrophoretically fast-moving kappa chain in serum was shown by immunoelectrophoresis and Ouchterlony immunodiffusion to be a complex of kappa chains and alpha 1-antitrypsin. This complex, which was detected only transiently in the patient's blood, was composed of a monomeric kappa chain bound to the antitrypsin by a disulfide bond. The predisposing factor for the formation of this complex is unclear, but patients showing this complex usually have kappa type myeloma protein and excrete kappa chain in urine at more than 1 g/L. The relationship between chemotherapy and formation of the kappa chain antitrypsin complex needs further investigation. PMID- 6804129 TI - Immunofixation: application to the identification of "difficult" monoclonal components. PMID- 6804127 TI - Immunoturbidimetry of albumin and immunoglobulin G in urine. AB - I describe a rapid, sensitive immunoturbidimetric assay for measuring urinary albumin and immunoglobulin G with use of an automated spectrophotometer. Diluted urine samples and polyethylene glycol in phosphate-buffered saline are pipetted into the cuvettes of the spectrophotometer. The initial absorbances of the samples are measured at 340 nm; antiserum to albumin or to immunoglobulin G is added to each tube, and after 2 min at 37 degrees C the absorbance of the mixtures is read at 340 nm. The initial blank absorbances of the samples are subtracted from the final absorbances automatically. The change in absorbance is linear with concentration in the range of 5-400 mg/L for albumin and 3-1000 mg/L for IgG. The lower limit of the determination is 5 mg/L for albumin, 3 mg/L for IgG. Linear correlations were observed between the concentrations of albumin and immunoglobulin G determined by this method (x) and those determined by radial immunodiffusion (y). The regression equation for albumin was y = 0.84x + 0.03 (r = 0.99, n = 87), and for IgG y = 0.94x + 0.02 (r = 0.98, n = 87). PMID- 6804130 TI - Is quantitation of serum IgD clinically useful? PMID- 6804131 TI - GnRH--test in menopause. Its possible use in identifying the subjects at risk for dysplastic endometrial pathology. AB - The Authors, after reviewing the results of their previous studies on the endocrine situation in post-menopausal endometrial carcinoma and considering what emerges from the present work, suggest GnRh-Test as a mean to better identify the subjects at risk for this neoplasia; in patients already affected with endometrial cancer, it could be an indirect index in recommending or not endocrine therapy. PMID- 6804132 TI - The relationship between metoclopramide and milk secretion in puerperium. AB - The Authors administered Metoclopramide to women in puerperium with poor lactation. An increased lactation and high serum prolactin levels were noted. The administration of this medicine did not provoke any variations in serum T3, T4 and TSh levels. thyroid screening of the treated mothers' babies resulted negative. PMID- 6804133 TI - On the optimization of blood lead standards in electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry. AB - This study is concerned with the optimization of blood lead standards in EDTA-AAS (electrothermal atomisation-atomic absorption spectrometry), using a direct method, i.e. the determination of lead in 15-fold diluted blood. With three bottles of whole blood containing respectively heparin, citrate and EDTA as an anticoagulant, and 14 working standard solutions, 42 calibration curves were constructed. It appeared that standards prepared in heparinised blood yield calibration curves with a less steep slope than in the case of citrate of EDTA blood. As a primary standard, lead acetate is considered best for both heparinised and citrated blood; metallic lead is advantageous for EDTA blood. In all cases a low pH of both stock standard and working standard solution is preferred. Using a reference sample the best conditions for obtaining accurate results were investigated. The use of metallic lead as a primary standard ensures a combination of low systemic error with high precision and steep slope. PMID- 6804134 TI - Inhibition of chondroitin sulphate and heparin on the growth and agglomeration of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals in vitro. AB - Seed experiments on the growth of calcium oxalate monohydrate in vitro have given the following results. Chondroitin sulphate does not influence the growth but only the agglomeration. The main influence of heparin at all concentrations is to inhibit the agglomeration, but at concentrations greater than about 10(-8) mol/l the growth is also inhibited. In the range 0.05-30 mumol/l there is a linear dependence between the percentage inhibition of the growth and the concentration of heparin. PMID- 6804135 TI - Raised plasma oestrogens in infertile men with elevated levels of FSH. AB - In twenty oligospermic or azoospermic patients with elevated plasma FSH, the mean concentrations of plasma oestrone sulphate (843 +/- 233 pg/ml), oestrone (54 +/- 10.4 pg/ml) and oestradiol (46.6 +/- 12.6 pg/ml) were found to be significantly higher than in twenty-one normal fertile men of comparable age (593 +/- 220 pg/ml, 40.6 +/- 8.8 pg/ml and 33.1 +/- 10.9 pg/ml respectively). SHBG binding capacity was elevated in the infertile group (infertile 3.35 +/- 0.82 x 10(-8) M/l v. normal 2.76 +/- 0.89 x 10(-8) M/l) but the total plasma testosterone concentrations were comparable (infertile 5435 +/- 1578 pg/ml v. normal 5046 +/- 1102 pg/ml). Evidence was cited to support the view that Sertoli cells, in response to an unphysiological FSH stimulation, are a likely source of excessive oestrogen production. The possible significance of increased intra-testicular and circulating oestrogen in the altered state of testicular steroidogenic function in men with primary seminiferous tubular defects was discussed. PMID- 6804136 TI - The influence of exogenous oestradiol benzoate on the pituitary responsiveness to LHRH during the puerperium in women. AB - The FSH and LH compared to 25 micrograms LHRH was measured in lactating women and the results compared to a similar group in whom lactation was suppressed by administration of bromocriptine shortly after delivery. The response was also measured in both groups after "challenge" with oestradiol benzoate. In lactating women the FSH response to LHRH was diminished following the oestradiol challenge, as compared with that in unchallenged women. At the same time the LH responses were low in both circumstances, indicating a negative feedback effect of oestradiol. However, the oestradiol challenge resulted in a significantly increased response of FSH and LH to LHRH in bromocriptine-treated puerperal women, i.e. a positive feedback effect of oestradiol. We concluded that this and previous experiments favour the hypothesis that the lactational amenorrhoea during hyperprolactinaemia is caused by hypothalamic changes due to a predominance of the negative feedback system. PMID- 6804138 TI - Alterations in thyroid hormone metabolism during chemotherapy in patients with testicular carcinoma. AB - In a prospective study, the effects of chemotherapy on thyroid function in patients with non-seminoma testicular carcinoma were evaluated. Thirty-one patients were studied; in sixteen immunoassayable HCG was present, but altered thyroid function could not be established. In fifteen patients an exaggerated TSH response to TRH was observed. In these patients, although T3 and T4N values were normal, basal TSH levels were higher compared to patients with a normal TSH response, probably due to preceding lymphangiography. During chemotherapy, T4N, T3 and rT3 levels rose significantly, but basal TSH levels and the TSH response to TRH decreased. In contrast, the prolactin responses to TRH increased. The observed changes in thyroid function during chemotherapy appear to result from delayed thyroid hormone clearance, probably caused by an effect of chemotherapy on deiodinating enzyme activity. This would result, in an increase in T4N and rT3 levels and a fall in TSH levels and in the TSH response to TRH. Furthermore, after therapy the raised T4N and lowered TSH levels remained, whilst the FT3 level did not change either during or after therapy, suggesting an unaltered hypothalamic/pituitary axis. PMID- 6804137 TI - Prolactin responsiveness to TRH and metoclopramide in thalassaemia. PMID- 6804139 TI - [Effect of domperidone on GH secretion in normal controls and in cancer patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804140 TI - [Determination of thyroxine binding globulin and comparison with thyroxine binding capacity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804141 TI - Clinical and laboratory trial employing carbaryl against the human head-louse, Pediculus humanus capitis (de Geer). PMID- 6804142 TI - Macrophages and protective immunity in Mycobacterium lepraemurium infections in a 'resistant' (C57Bl) and a 'susceptible' (BALB/c) mouse strain. AB - The progressive low resistance form of M. lepraemurium infection in BALB/c mice and the more benign form of infection in C57Bl mice provided appropriate models for analysing the role of macrophages in the spectrum of leprosy in man. Although C57Bl mice were more resistant to both primary and challenge infections than BALB/c mice, peritoneal macrophages from infected mice of both strains were bacteriostatic in vitro. However, a diffusion chamber technique demonstrated that macrophages of BALB/c mice were usually less effective in controlling mycobacterial multiplication in vivo than those of C57Bl mice. This technique also revealed two diffusible factors in infected mice of both strains: one able to activate, the other able to suppress macrophage anti-mycobacterial activity. In C57Bl mice, the macrophage activating factor was apparently dominant; in BALB/c mice, the macrophage suppressor factor seemed to play the major role. PMID- 6804143 TI - Isolation and characterization of circulating immune complexes in cystic fibrosis. AB - A methodology for the isolation and immunologic characterization of IgG containing circulating immune complexes (IgG-CIC) as detected by the 125IClq binding assay (ClqBA) is described. We applied this methodology to sera from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), both positive and negative for IgG-CIC. We used latex-fixation-positive rheumatoid arthritis sera and normal human sera as positive and negative controls, respectively. All IgG-CIC-positive serum samples from CF patients were found to contain antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the isolated complexes. Some patients also had antibodies in CIC specific for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. CIC specificity corresponded to respiratory tract colonization for each patient. PMID- 6804144 TI - Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS): a review. PMID- 6804145 TI - Estrogen receptors in 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene (DMBA) induced pancreatic carcinoma in rats and in human pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6804146 TI - Tumour associated products in colonic lavage fluid. PMID- 6804147 TI - Final results obtained in the treatment of bone cysts with methylprednisolone acetate (depo-medrol) and a discussion of results achieved in other bone lesions. AB - Extremely favorable results are obtained with the use of microcrystals of methylprednisolone acetate for treatment of bone cysts. These results have led to a complete suspension of surgical treatment of bone cysts since 1974. On the basis of these results with corticosteroids, a surgical procedure that involves an incision at the fracture location and bone graft inserted is not indicated. Results following surgery indicate a recurrence rate of approximately 25% to 30%. Since we are as yet unable to explain the mechanism by which the local injection of MPA promotes bone replacement of the cyst, the present observations only reaffirm the hypothesis (presented in our early publications) that the corticosteroid exerts a destructive action on the pathological tissue of the lesion, thus favoring a progressive process of repair. We consider this explanation valid even for lesions, e.g., eosinophilic granulomas and nonossifying fibromas, in which this method of treatment has had varying degrees of success. PMID- 6804149 TI - Management of severe feeding dysfunction in children with fetal alcohol syndrome. AB - In the past three years, we have seen three children who required prolonged inpatient admissions for severe feeding dysfunction resulting in nutritional and growth problems. The pregnancies were significant for severe maternal alcohol abuse during the entire pregnancy. All of the subjects had multiple physical findings and dysmorphic features seen in children with mild to severe fetal alcohol syndrome. Feeding evaluations showed significant delays in oral motor development. Specific oral motor dysfunction was not a commonality and did not appear to be a major determinant in delays in feeding development. Continued assessment revealed that the babies had limited suck patterns and were consistently noted to tire easily. Each required feeding by either gastrostomy and/or nasogastric feeding for prolonged periods of time. They started initial feeding by mouth at about 8 to 10 months. The times for complete oral feeding were 14, 17 and 18 months. PMID- 6804148 TI - Displaced, unstable ankle fractures: classification, incidence, and management of a consecutive series. AB - A review of 157 displaced, unstable ankle fractures has suggested that external rotation injuries cause most ankle fractures, with pronation type injuries being six times more common than supination type injuries. Accurate, rigid fixation of displaced unstable ankle fractures tends to prevent talar tilt and lessens the tendency for arthrosis. If the fibula is not fixed, it tends to shorten and allows talar tilt or spread of the syndesmosis with resulting arthrosis. Minimal external fixation is desirable, and rapid restoration of motion is needed. PMID- 6804150 TI - Interaction between valproic acid and aspirin in epileptic children: serum protein binding and metabolic effects. AB - In five of six epileptic children who were taking 18 to 49 mg/kg/day valproic acid (VPA), the steady-state serum free fractions of VPA rose from 12% to 43% when antipyretic doses of aspirin were also taken. Mean total VPA half-life (t1/2) rose from 10.4 +/- 2.7 to 12.9 +/- 1.8 hr and mean free VPA t1/2 rose from 6.7 +/- to 2.1 to 8.9 +2- 3.0 hr when salicylate was present in the serum. The in vitro albumin binding association constant (ka) for VPA was decreased by salicylate, but the in vivo ka value was not affected. The 12-hr (trough) concentrations of both free and total VPA were higher in the presence of serum salicylate in five of six patients. Renal excretion of unchanged VPA decreased in five of six patients, but the VPA carboxyl conjugate metabolite-excretion patterns were not consistently affected. Salicylate appeared to displace VPA from serum albumin in vivo, but the increased VPA t1/2 and changes in VPA elimination patterns suggest that serum salicylate also altered VPA metabolism. PMID- 6804151 TI - Ethosuximide kinetics: possible interaction with valproic acid. AB - Ethosuximide kinetics were determined in six normal healthy adults after a single dose (phase 1) and at steady-state (phase 2). After the completion of phase 2, valproic acid was added to the ethosuximide regimen (phase 3) to assess the possibility of drug interaction. Between phases 1 and 2 total clearance fell from 13.1 to 11.1 ml/hr/kg (P less than 0.05) and nonrenal clearance fell from 10.1 to 8.3 ml/hr/kg (P less than 0.05). When valproic acid was added (phase 3) there was no further change in total or nonrenal clearance (11.2 and 8.3 ml/hr/kg). To assess the possibility of nonlinear ethosuximide kinetics a review was conducted of patients who received ethosuximide as sole therapy for absence seizures. Of 106 patients, 10 met the required criterion that defined steady state. Data from seven of the 10 patients showed evidence of a nonlinear relationship when steady state ethosuximide concentrations were plotted against dose. PMID- 6804152 TI - Phenytoin removal by plasmapheresis in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Phenytoin removal was followed in a patient undergoing plasmapheresis for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. It was determined that 10% of total body phenytoin was removed with each two plasma volume exchanges, which is two to four times that reported with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. During each 4- to 5 hr apheresis, serum phenytoin levels fell an average of 3.2 micrograms/ml and the phenytoin clearance by plasmapheresis was 21.9 +/- 2.1 ml/min (equal to the patient's endogenous clearance of 20.8 ml/min). Adjustment in drug doses were necessary such that, at steady state, the patient required 600 mg/day phenytoin to maintain therapeutic serum levels. These data indicate that plasmapheresis can clear the body of a significant amount of phenytoin and that increased doses may be required to maintain serum phenytoin levels. The potential use of apheresis in phenytoin overdose warrants further examination. PMID- 6804154 TI - Dopamine and the kidney. AB - It would seem established beyond peradventure that dopamine is formed in the kidney from circulating L-dopa. The likely site would appear to be the renal tubular cells but the contribution of the renal dopaminergic nerves needs further evaluation. Moreover it is probably that dopamine formed within the kidney acts there on specific receptors. This results in vasodilatation of renal blood vessels, by action on vascular receptors, and natriuresis, by an effect on tubular sodium transport mechanisms. Dopamine may form an integral part of the renal natriuretic cascade by, in its turn, evoking both the kallikrein-bradykinin system and the production of renal prostaglandins. Specific activation of the renal dopaminergic system by the administration of suitable agonists or renal prodrugs may prove possible in the future. Abnormalities in the renal production of dopamine may be important in several hypertensive and oedematous disorders. Further work will be required to establish a possible role for dopamine in these conditions and to determine whether they will benefit from treatment with suitable dopamine agonists. Dopamine, once regarded as of little importance outside the central nervous system, has certainly come to occupy a central place in renal salt handling. The ratio of dopamine production in the kidney to that for renin may be of pivotal importance in the control of systemic arterial pressure. PMID- 6804156 TI - Nutritional support in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6804153 TI - Megavoltage electron beam therapy in the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinomata of the pinna. AB - Kilovoltage X-ray therapy has considerable limitations when trying to obtain good functional results in patients with skin carcinomas arising on the pinna. Megavoltage electron beams with their better quality of radiation and homogeneous dose distribution have been recognised to have theoretical advantages. Forty three patients with basal and squamous cell carcinomata arising on the pinna were treated radically using a 10 MeV electron beam. The technique and dosage are described and discussed. Primary cancer control with retention of the pinna was achieved in 34 patients. Salvage pinnectomy was performed in four patients for recurrence and one patient for radiation necrosis. Two patients with large primary tumours failed to resolve and died of their disease. The advantages for the patient of the policy of primary radical electron mean therapy are discussed. PMID- 6804157 TI - Colonization and bronchopulmonary infection. PMID- 6804155 TI - Maximal biliary secretion of bilirubin in the anaesthetized rat: dependence on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity. PMID- 6804159 TI - Mechanisms of lung injury. AB - The adult respiratory distress syndrome is pulmonary edema with low heart pressures and hypoxemia. Based on experimental models of the human disease, it is likely that functional injury to the lung includes pulmonary vasoconstriction, a loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction, increases in resistance to airflow across the lungs, decreases in lung compliance (perhaps both resulting from airway constriction), and lung microvascular injury resulting in pulmonary edema. Data accumulated over the last several years strongly suggest an important role for both cyclo-oxygenase metabolites and lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid in mediating lung vascular injury in this syndrome. Likewise, more recent evidence suggests a causative role for granulocytes in mediating the lung injury. Based on what is known about the biological activity of products of granulocytes and metabolites of arachidonic acid, it is reasonable to hypothesize a sequence of events in which arachidonate metabolites and granulocytes interact to result in pulmonary vasoconstriction, loss of hypoxic vasoconstriction, airway responses and capillary injury. It remains possible, perhaps even likely, that other humoral mediators, platelets and perhaps even other cellular mediators (for example, mast cells or lymphocytes) participate in the pathogenic sequence of events in ARDS. Specific delineation of the mechanisms of lung injury in this syndrome must await further research. PMID- 6804158 TI - Respiratory monitoring. PMID- 6804160 TI - Cost-effectiveness of neonatal intensive care. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. A case study. PMID- 6804161 TI - A randomized, double-blind study of six combined oral contraceptives. AB - A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing six combined oral contraceptives with 50 micrograms or less of ethinyl estradiol was undertaken in 10 WHO Collaborating Centres for Clinical Research in Human Reproduction. A total of 2430 women entered the trial and were observed for 28,077 woman-cycles. All low dose combined oral contraceptives demonstrated equivalent efficiency with one year pregnancy rates of one to six percent. However, discontinuation rates for medical reasons differed significantly between the treatment groups, with the preparation containing 20 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and that containing 400 micrograms norethisterone acetate being associated with higher discontinuation rates due to bleeding disturbances. Even among the preparations which did not differ in discontinuation rates, the reasons for discontinuation did differ. Women receiving norethisterone preparations tended to discontinue because of bleeding disturbances while those receiving the levonorgestrel-containing preparations tended to discontinue because of complaints of nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6804163 TI - Fertility after discontinuation of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices. PMID- 6804164 TI - Duration of breast-feeding and development of children after insertion of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device. AB - IUDs releasing levonorgestrel, 10 micrograms per day (30 patients) and 30 micrograms per day (40 patients), and copper-releasing IUDs (Nova-T) (40 patients) were inserted six weeks after delivery in 110 breast-feeding amenorrheic women. The infants were carefully followed-up by recording monthly weight gain and growth, age of eruption of the first tooth, age of being able to walk without support and morbidity to infective diseases. No differences were noticed between the study groups. Plasma samples were collected from 13 children at the age of eight months, while the mothers were breast-feeding. Six mothers had a levonorgestrel-releasing IUD and seven others the Nova-T or no hormonal or intrauterine contraceptive. No differences were noticed between the groups in Na, K, Cl, Ca, P, protein, albumin, creatinine, urate, Fe, cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspargine aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate-dehydrogenase or high density lipoprotein cholesterol serum concentrations in the children. The duration of breast-feeding and initiation of supplementary feeding was recorded. The continuation of breast feeding 75 days after the insertion of a 30-micrograms per day levonorgestrel releasing IUD was 56 percent while in the Nova-T group only 21 percent had discontinued which is a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05); later the difference disappeared. Compared with the lactation time of their previous breast-feeding reported by women in both groups, the present lactation time increased by ten weeks. The infants received substitute foods including substitute milk, juices, etc., in the Nova-T group at 3.9 months and in the levonorgestrel-releasing IUD group at 3.4 months after delivery. PMID- 6804162 TI - A randomized, double-blind study of two combined and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives. AB - A randomized double-blind study of two combined oral contraceptives and two progestogen-only oral contraceptives was conducted using the same protocol at WHO Collaborating Centres for Clinical Research in Human Reproduction in Bombay and Ljubljana of the 518 women admitted to the trial, 123 received mestranol 50 micrograms + norethisterone 1mg (MES 50 + NET 1); 137 received ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms + levonorgestrel 150 micrograms (EE 30 + LNG 150); 130 received norethisterone 350 micrograms/NET 350); and 128 received levonorgestrel 30 micrograms (LNG 30). At one year, between 52.6 and 61.0 percent of those recruited had discontinued oral contraceptive use for all reasons, and by two years, between 70.5 and 76.5 percent had discontinued the treatment. These rates did not differ between the four treatment groups. However, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons at one and two years, and at two years pregnancy rates and discontinuation rates for bleeding disturbances, were significantly lower in the EE/LNG preparation. The groups receiving the MES/NET, LNG and NET had similar pregnancy rates, discontinuation rates for all medical reasons and all bleeding disturbances. There were two ectopic pregnancies among the 22 pregnancies in the progestogen-only groups. Discontinuation because of headache, dizziness and other central nervous system symptoms were significantly more common in those receiving MES/NET compared to EE/LNG. In contrast, discontinuation for gastro-intestinal disturbances were significantly higher in the EE/LNG combined preparation. Bleeding disturbances in the first few cycles tended to be higher in NET than in the LNG group. The data suggest that greater consideration be given to the benefits and risks of including progestogen-only oral contraceptives in the family planning programmes of some countries. PMID- 6804165 TI - Pituitary and ovarian function during contraception with one subcutaneous implant releasing a progestin, ST-1435. AB - Three women received one subcutaneous SilasticR capsule containing 40 mg of ST 1435 for contraception. Plasma levels of ST-1435, a 19-norprogesterone derivative, were measured during the treatment period of 13-15 months. The effects of treatment on pituitary and ovarian function were determined by assaying plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, estradiol and progesterone. The mean concentrations of ST-1435 during the treatment varied from 52 to 220 pg/ml in different subjects. These low concentrations of progestin were sufficient to suppress ovulation and make the implant effective for more than one year. No mid cycle gonadotropin peaks were observed during the treatment. The subjects showed constantly low estradiol levels, thus also indicating a suppression of follicle development. Regular cyclic activity of the pituitary and ovaries, without the occurrence of ovulation, was observed in one subject. Increasing levels of estradiol parallelled a decrease of FSH and LH. It therefore seems that the negative feedback action of estradiol on gonadotropin release is unaffected but the positive feedback action of estradiol on LH appears to be blocked by the progestin ST-1435. PMID- 6804166 TI - Potential for hemoperfusion in uremia. PMID- 6804168 TI - Hemoperfusion in diabetic coma. AB - Hemoperfusion on ionic exchange resins in the therapy of diabetic keto-acidosis (DKA) coma is proposed. Resins used are strong anionic resins in mixed form able to release bicarbonates and to trap ketoanions and organic anions in a stoichiometric manner. A series of trials in open circuit are performed in order to search for a suitable mixture of resins and to establish the amounts of HCO3- and ketoanions respectively released or entrapped. Therefore, ten simulated hemoperfusions in closed circuit systems were performed, utilizing cartridges containing 1,700 g of mixed resin (9% HCO3- form and 91% Cl- form). The results indicate that all side effects of bicarbonate i.v. therapy of DKA coma are avoided because of the smooth HCO3- administration to the patient. Furthermore, a good removal of ketoanions and organic acids is obtained without changing the blood osmolality. PMID- 6804167 TI - Use of combined hemodialysis/hemoperfusion in chronic uremia. AB - The capacity of charcoal to absorb endogenous and exogenous toxins is well established. It removes substances of higher molecular weight than standard dialysis membranes. The regular use of charcoal hemoperfusion as an adjunct to hemodialysis in chronic uremia is a real prospect capable of improving the patient's clinical and laboratory condition and/or reducing the weekly time of treatment. In line with our previous experience, 5 consenting informed patients on regular dialysis treatment from 9 to 35 months (residual creatinine clearance 0-1.8 ml/min, mean diuresis 350 ml) were treated without interruption for 5-8 months according to a schedule including two combined hemodialysis/hemoperfusion procedures instead of the previous three hemodialysis sessions. Patients were on adequate dialysis and their clinical, metabolic and laboratory conditions were stable. In the hemodialysis/hemoperfusion procedure a cartridge containing 150 g of methacrylate-coated activated charcoal with high biocompatibility was inserted in the dialysis circuit in series with a flat plate or hollow fiber dialyzer. Clinical, laboratory and metabolic conditions remained unchanged in all patients despite the one third reduction in dialysis hours per week. The tolerance of treatment was good: platelets, white cells and fibrinogen were unaffected. The marked reduction in weekly time of treatment led to a more satisfactory personal and social rehabilitation, enabling more patients to be treated with the same facilities. PMID- 6804169 TI - Resin hemoperfusion for unconjugated bilirubin removal. AB - The application of an anionic macroreticular ion exchange resin, coated with a thin cross-linked albumin layer, as a hemoperfusion device for the removal of unconjugated bilirubin from the blood of hyperbilirubinemic newborn babies is reviewed. In vivo hemoperfusion runs with hyperbilirubinemic animal models - either by a choledocho-suprarenal vein shunt or by direct infusion of bilirubin into the vein - showed that a 40-ml resin column can remove some 20 mg bilirubin in 3 h. Hemoperfusion of female 8-14 kg baboons showed no significant effect of the column on blood chemistry and coagulation factors and repeated runs had no ill effects. PMID- 6804171 TI - Elevation of the blood lactate concentration by alkali therapy without requiring additional lactic acid accumulation: theoretical considerations. AB - A patient presented with lactic acidosis and severe acidemia; sodium bicarbonate was administered to titrate the very large hydrogen ion load. Coincident with this therapy, the blood lactate concentration rose from 21 to 27 mmole/L. In order to evaluate whether this rise in lactate could have occurred without requiring additional net lactic acid production, the effect of the hydrogen ion concentration on lactate distribution was evaluated. Data obtained from animal studies support the established hypothesis that lactate is distributed like other weak organic acids at steady-state; hence, alkalemia should favor a shift of lactate from the intracellular fluid (ICF) to the extracellular fluid (ECF). The authors calculated that the blood lactate concentration could rise by 50% without requiring net lactic acid accumulation when the severe acidemia was corrected by alkali therapy. Thus, an increase in lactate concentration of the magnitude observed during alkali therapy need not indicate a worsening of the metabolic picture in lactic acidosis. PMID- 6804170 TI - Effectiveness of intensive nutritional regimes in patients who fail to wean from mechanical ventilation. AB - Over a 2-year period, 14 viable ventilator-dependent patients were transferred from the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) to a general ward floor for nutritional support after failing to wean from mechanical ventilation (MV) while in the MICU. These patients were retrospectively grouped based on their ultimate ability to wean from MV: group 1 (N = 6) did not wean from MV and ultimately died in the hospital; group 2 (N = 8) weaned from MV and were eventually discharged. Before transfer from the MICU, the two groups did not differ with regard to serum albumin or transferrin levels, or in total lymphocyte count. After the period of aggressive nutritional support, group 2 patients showed an increase in serum albumin and transferrin whereas patients in group 1 showed a decrease. The differences between these groups were significant (p less than 0.05). The lymphocyte count did not change significantly. Ventilator-dependent patients who respond to nutritional support with an increase in protein synthesis are more likely to wean from mechanical ventilation than those who do not. PMID- 6804176 TI - Nutrition in adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6804173 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6804172 TI - Drug corner: Norpace. PMID- 6804175 TI - Anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6804177 TI - Epidemiology of screening for cancer. PMID- 6804178 TI - Care of the elderly in Denmark. Special aspects including geriatrics and long term medicine. PMID- 6804174 TI - Effects of selective inhibition of type A and type B monoamine oxidase on intraocular pressure in the cat and the rabbit. AB - Ocular tension of conscious cats and rabbits was measured after topical application of clorgyline, a selective inhibitor of type A monoamine oxidase, or deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of line (1,4 and 12%) showed a dose-related reduction of intraocular pressure, with maximal lowerings amounting to 6 to 7 mm Hg. Pretreatment of eyes with clorgyline, 1%, markedly potentiated the pressure lowering response to epinephrine, 0.1%, applied topically. Sympathetic denervation almost completely abolished the effect of clorgyline. In contrast, deprenyl (2 to 8%) did not lower intraocular pressure after topical application to cat or rabbit eyes. beta-Phenylethylamine (2 to 16%) a specific substrate for the B form of monoamine oxidase, likewise did not lower ocular tension when given either alone or after pretreatment with deprenyl. These findings suggest that the intraocular pressure lowering effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors is due primarily to inhibition of the A form of the enzyme and is dependent on intact sympathetic innervation. PMID- 6804179 TI - Effect of long-term medical therapy. PMID- 6804180 TI - [How to make an adhesive bridge and apply it clinically]. PMID- 6804181 TI - [SS high fusing furnace Desit. Denco Melody and Memory Furnace DM-101A (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804182 TI - [Testing dental bonding cements produced in Japan]. PMID- 6804184 TI - [Physiology of oral environment]. PMID- 6804185 TI - Ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia in parents of victims of sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Ventilatory response to progressive isocapnic hypoxia was measured in 14 parents of victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and 12 matched control parents. Controls had a value for a measure of ventilatory responsiveness (parameter A) of 200.8 +/- 46.4, while SIDS parents had a significantly lower value of 64.4 +/- 16.2 (P less than 0.01). Since degree of hypoxic ventilatory drive is a hereditary characteristic, it is concluded that a relatively low ventilatory responsiveness to hypoxia might have been present in the SIDS victims. PMID- 6804183 TI - [New ultra-elastic Ni-Ti orthodontic wire]. PMID- 6804186 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the typhoid and paratyphoid bacilli. AB - Chloramphenicol and thiamphenicol were tested by the agar dilution method against 105 Salmonella typhi, 15 S. paratyphi A, 6 S. paratyphi B, 8 S. paratyphi c, 57 Haemophilus influenzae and 60 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains. The two drugs showed similar in vitro activity against strains of H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae irrespective of their beta-lactamase production. In contrast, while all the tested isolatels of typhoid and paratyphoid fever Salmonella were susceptible to chloramphenicol, most of these strains showed resistance to thiamphenicol with MICs greater than or equal to 8 microgram/ml. The significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6804187 TI - Studies on structural units of human monoclonal immunoglobulins. AB - Twelve human monoclonal immunoglobulins were separated and purified through the use of cryoprecipitation, salt fractionation, electrophoretic separation and gel filtration. Monoclonal cryoglobulin was the easiest form of homogeneous immunoglobulin to isolate. IgG and IgM were generally purified by salt precipitation and ion exchange chromatography followed by G-200 gel filtration. IgA purification required tedious recycling procedures. The purification of IgD posed the most difficulty as it may degrade spontaneously. Monoclonal immunoglobulins differed markedly in their behaviour towards enzymatic digestion, due to a rather wide specificity of enzymes on the Fc fragment. IgG was usually enzyme-sensitive, while some IgA proteins were virtually enzyme-resistant. The Fab fragment usually retained its antigenicity, but Fc or Fc' often split into small peptides. The reductive cleavage of monoclonal proteins usually gave consistent results, and H and L chains were separated in all experiments. However, 5 to 15% of IgA was at times eluated in unreduced form, and the alpha chain was often filtered as a dimer form. L chains were always eluated as a monomer form. PMID- 6804189 TI - [The application of pH, pCO2 pO2 estimation of the "arterialized ear-lobe blood" (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804188 TI - [Estimation of human prolactin and its preliminary clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804190 TI - The hydrogen ion in normal metabolism: a review. AB - The production of hydrogen ions (H+) by metabolic processes is described, with particular emphasis on glycolysis and ketogenesis. Total metabolic production of H+ is approximately 150 g day-1 but utilization closely balances production, so that intracellular and extracellular H+ production is maintained within narrow limits. H+ is generated at several sites in glycolysis but no net H+ production occurs unless the ATP formed is hydrolysed. The other main source of metabolic H+ production is ketogenesis. Here H+ accumulation depends on both the relative dominance of ketone body production over utilization and the loss of base in urine. The H+ is produced during the synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA and not because of dissociation of acetoacetic acid. Lipolysis and re esterification of fats are additional major producers of H+, while net H+ production also occurs with pathological accumulation and incomplete combustion of other organic acids. Many metabolic systems are sensitive to the changes in pH. These effects have been examined in vivo using an ammonium chloride acidaemia model in the rat. Severe insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism in liver and muscle were found. One mechanism involved inhibition, by H+, of the binding of insulin to its receptors. Further mechanisms include inhibition of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase. It is concluded that too little attention is paid to metabolic production of hydrogen ions and to their effects, in turn, on metabolism. PMID- 6804191 TI - Metabolic acidosis and changes in water and electrolyte balance after maximal exercise. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to study lactate production and the consequent changes in acid-base status, and in water and electrolyte balance, in response to 1 min of maximal exercise in sprint- and endurance-trained subjects. So far, the results from only two subjects (one sprinter and one marathon runner) have been analysed. The rate of lactate production was higher in the sprinter than in the marathon runner, as shown by peak blood lactate concentrations of 20.8 and 13.3 mM for the two subjects, respectively. Arterial blood pH fell from 7.43 to 7.14 in the sprinter and from 7.44 to 7.23 for the marathon runner. The metabolic acidosis was partly compensated for by a lowering of arterial CO2 tension by 0.0775 kPa per 1 mM drop in base excess. In each subject large changes in water and electrolyte balance occurred. Haematocrit increased dramatically in both subjects, and the calculated decrease in plasma volume was 20% for the marathon runner and 30% for the sprinter. In each subject sodium was removed from the circulation in amounts sufficient to keep the plasma sodium concentration constant. Plasma potassium concentration was unrelated to the state of acidosis, being 2.5 mM above the resting concentration immediately after maximal exercise, and dropping by 3 mM in the subsequent 2-3 min of recovery during prevailing acidosis. The degree of lactic acidosis was large in both subjects, although more severe in the sprinter than in the endurance runner. However, buffer capacity and compensatory mechanisms were largely similar in both subjects. PMID- 6804192 TI - Acid-base balance in diabetic ketoacidosis. AB - Acid-base balance during development of diabetic ketoacidosis was reappraised on the basis of old studies on urinary excretion of ions. Circulatory collapse with impaired urinary excretion of acids is a prominent feature of the late phase of diabetic ketoacidosis, in which pathophysiological measurements are difficult to make. To elucidate the balance between hepatic uptake of carboxylic acids (free fatty acids and lactate plus pyruvate) and hepatic release of carboxylic acids (ketone bodies and lactate plus pyruvate) during the late phase of diabetic ketoacidosis, perfused livers from normal and streptozotocine-diabetic rats, fasted for 48 h, were subjected to high perfusate glucose concentrations, low perfusate pH and low perfusate flow rates. Provided that flow was kept normal, there was always a net uptake of carboxylic acids. At normal flow, a low pH and a high glucose concentration in the perfusate did not affect the hepatic uptake of lactate plus pyruvate or the flux of carbon from lactate to glucose. Reduction of the perfusate flow rate by two-thirds invariably turned the liver into a state of net carboxylic acid production. The net uptake of lactate plus pyruvate was greatly reduced, mainly due to initiation of a glycolytic flux. PMID- 6804194 TI - [A study on the tubercle bacillus drug-resistance test for RFP, EB, 1321 Th and KM (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804193 TI - Acidosis and contractility of heart muscle. AB - The contractility of heart muscle is sensitive to small and physiological changes of extracellular pH. The reduction of contractility associated with an acidosis is determined by the fall of pH in the intracellular fluid. The function of many organelles within the cardiac cell is affected by hydrogen ions. The tension generated by isolated myofibrils at a fixed calcium concentration is reduced at low pH. The dominant mechanism for the reduction of contractility in whole tissue is competitive inhibition of the slow calcium current by hydrogen ions. The reduction of the slow calcium current is similar when the same fall of developed tension is induced by acidosis or by a reduction of extracellular calcium concentration. Measurement of tissue pH with fast-responding extracellular electrodes show that, in myocardial ischaemia, tissue acidosis develops at the same time or only seconds before the onset of contractile failure. Much of the reduced contractility can be accounted for by the severity of the acidosis. Although a mild acidosis can delay or prevent damage to the myocardium from ischaemia or hypoxia, a severe acidosis is not beneficial and may even cause tissue necrosis. PMID- 6804195 TI - Flow cytometric characterization of the response of Fanconi's anemia cells to mitomycin C treatment. AB - DNA flow histogram analysis, using 33342 Hoechst as a stain, has been used to detect the effect of the potentially bifunctional alkylating agent, mitomycin C (MMC) on dermal fibroblasts from patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA), a hereditary human disease characterized by pancytopenia, hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents, congenital abnormalities and a predisposition for neoplasia. At 24 or 48 hr after a 2-hr exposure to 0.05 or 0.10 micrograms/ml MMC, (3)HdT incorporation was reduced to a greater extent in FA cells than in normal cells. Cells sorted from the last half of S phase showed a slightly greater inhibition of (3)HdT incorporation than did those sorted from the first half of S. Fanconi's anemia cells exhibited a marked accumulation in the G(2) + M peak of flow histograms following exposure to MMC. Twenty-four hr after treatment with .0.5 micrograms/ml MMC, the G(2) + M fraction of FA cells (eight lines) increased to more than 0.5 from a control value of approximately 0.02. Both normals (six lines) and heterozygotes (eight lines) showed, on the average, much less of a G(2) + M increment than did FA cells, even after exposure to 0.1 micrograms/ml MMC. Examination of cells sorted from the G(2) + M peak revealed that MMC-treated FA cells were blocked prior to mitosis. To determine whether the response of FA cells was specific for bifunctional alkylating agent, cells were also treated with ethylmethanesulfonate, a monofunctional agent. Twenty-four hours after exposure to 0.25 or 0.5 mg/ml ethylmethanesulfonate, FA and normal cells showed similar, small increases in the G(2) + M peak. The results suggest the utility of flow cytometry in the diagnostic evaluation of fibroblasts from patients suspected of having Fanconi's anemia. PMID- 6804196 TI - Rapid isolation of cloned isotype switch variants using fluorescence activated cell sorting. AB - We have used highly specific, directly fluorescein-conjugated heterologous (conventional) and monoclonal antibodies directed against mouse immunoglobulin isotypes in conjunction with the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) to enrich and clone hybridoma cells producing new immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regions. Each variant retains the parental heavy chain variable region and the parental immunoglobulin light chain; thereby each variant binds the same dansyl (DNS) hapten. These isotype switch variants occur at frequencies of approximately 10-5 to 10-6. We were able to isolate the variants by first sorting for an approximate 1000-fold enrichment of the desired immunoglobulin-producing cells, growing these cells for five to nine days, followed by a second 1000-fold enrichment and direct cell cloning into 96 well culture trays. Clones were screened only 3-5 weeks after the original selection for secretion of dansyl binding immunoglobulin of the selected isotype. Judicious combination of existing methods permits improved analytical techniques using the cell sorter. These include: first, "red" fluorescence staining of dead cells with ethidium bromide or propidium iodide and using the red fluorescence measurement to exclude dead cells from the green fluorescence selection; and second, the use logarithmic amplification of fluorescence signals, allowing for more succinct selection of fluorescence parameters for sorting. PMID- 6804199 TI - Etidronate-an oral treatment for Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6804200 TI - Sodium cromoglycate aerosol. PMID- 6804201 TI - [Variability and causes of the superovulatoric response in donor cows (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804198 TI - A geographic approach to senile cataracts: possible links with milk consumption, lactase activity, and galactose metabolism. AB - Examined in this article is presently available evidence for the hypothesis that some types of senile cataracts may be brought on by decades-long consumption of milk and milk products. The author approaches the question from a background of research in the geography and history of dairying as these relate to present-day differences among the world's peoples in prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption, which is based on a deficiency of the enzyme lactase in adulthood. Among peoples who have consumed milk in lactose-rich forms over a long historical period, there seems to have been a mutation for persistence of high lactase activity throughout life (PHLA), which distinguishes them from human populations of nonmilking tradition and from most land mammals. PHLA permits greater intestinal hydrolysis of lactose and absorption of galactose by adults. The mutation for PHLA, however, was not accompanied by a second one raising galactokinase activity to high levels through life. The result may be that adults who consume large quantities of milk, who have high lactase activity, lactose hydrolysis, and galactose absorption, suffer repeated small galactose challenges, accumulation of galactitol in the lens, and a greater likelihood of developing senile cataracts. PMID- 6804197 TI - Flow cytofluorometric analysis of insulin binding and internalization by Swiss 3T3 cells. AB - The binding of a fluorescein-isothiocyanate derivative of insulin to Swiss 3T3 cells was measured by flow cytometry. The kinetics of the subsequent internalization were also measured; at a concentration of 1 microM labeled insulin approximately 25% of the internalization was insulin-specific. The kinetics of endocytosis were contrasted to those of fluorescent derivatives of histone and dextran. In addition, the fusion of endocytic vesicles containing insulin or dextran with lysosomes was detected by measuring the pH-dependent increase in fluorescein fluorescein fluorescence caused by the addition of chloroquine. The application of these results to the analysis of growth control by insulin and related hormones is discussed. PMID- 6804204 TI - The role of zinc in Mullerian duct regression. PMID- 6804203 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins and third complement component in and after acute non A/non-B hepatitis (author's transl)]. AB - The serum levels of IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE and of the third complement component (C 3) were determined by the single radial immunodiffusion method in 69 serum samples of 34 female patients during (2nd and 4th week) acute non-A/non-B hepatitis and 2 years after infection. The levels were compared with those of circulating immune complexes measured by polyethylene glycol precipitation method. The levels of immunoglobulins and C 3 were similar to those of healthy persons. During the course of disease there were no significant relations with exception of an increase of IgD levels in patients with chronic course. The positive correlation of the levels of IgM and immune complexes at the first and second serum sample (r = 0,5914, r = 0,6366 respectively, p less than 0,001) could not be verified in patients with noncomplicated course (r = 0,203 8, n. s.) but it was highly significant in patients with chronic course (r = 0,9429, p less than 0,001). Determinations of immunoglobulins and immune complexes may therefore be prognostically helpful in patients with non-A/non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6804202 TI - Glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) ointment and isosorbide dinitrate: a review of their pharmacological properties and therapeutic use. AB - Sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) is the most widely used drug in the treatment of angina pectoris, but its use is limited due to its short acting effect. Recent investigations have shown that some longer acting nitrates administered orally or topically have a long acting antianginal effect. The mechanism of the antianginal effect of nitrates is multifactorial. Nitrates increase oxygen supply to the myocardium by causing redistribution of coronary blood flow. In addition, nitrates decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing left ventricular volume, intramyocardial tension, and left ventricular afterload. The use of nitrates for the treatment of congestive heart failure has also been established in recent years. Nitrates have a predominant venodilatory effect resulting in peripheral blood pooling and decreased venous return to the heart, thereby decreasing left ventricular filling pressure. The effect of nitrates on the arteriolar circulation is small, and there is usually little or no change in cardiac output. Some reduction in systemic blood pressure can be seen, while there is usually no change in heart rate. In a small number of patients with myocardial infarction complicated by congestive heart failure, the use of long acting nitrates has resulted in haemodynamic and symptomatic improvement. Nitrates has also bee shown to improve variant angina. Nitrates are usually well tolerated in most patients. However, some troublesome side effects can occur, including headache, postural hypotension, and methaemoglobinaemia. PMID- 6804205 TI - The course of thyrotropin-releasing hormone fibers to the median eminence in rats. AB - The topographical distribution of fibers containing TRH that run to the median eminence has been investigated by RIA of TRH after hypothalamic surgical transections in rats. Anterolateral or lateral cuts bilaterally transecting fibers at the caudal edge of the optic chiasm (lateral retrochiasmatic area) diminish TRH levels in the median eminence by 95% and 73%, respectively. Paramedian cuts are ineffective. These results suggest that TRH fibers reach the medial basal hypothalamus from an anterolateral direction just as several other classes of peptide containing fibers do. PMID- 6804206 TI - Pituitary-testicular function in protein-deficient rats. Follicle-stimulating hormone hyperresponse to castration and supersensitivity of gonadotropin secretion to androgen negative feedback. AB - Previous studies have shown that weanling male rats fed a low protein diet ad libitum develop hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Two unusual features of this state were 1) subnormal serum FSH in noncastrate rats but not in castrate rats, suggesting that FSH was being suppressed by a testicular factor, and 2) serum FSH increases after castration that were greater in protein-deficient rats than in controls. In the current study, protein-deficient rats showed FSH hyperresponse to castration, compared to either ad libitum or pair-fed controls, after periods of low protein feeding from 1-8 weeks and periods of castration from 1-8 weeks. FSH hyperresponse to castration was rapidly induced after the start of low protein feeding and was present whether castration was performed before or after low protein feeding was begun. In none of these circumstances did protein deficient rats show LH hyperresponse to castration. Inhibin production of Sertoli cell cultures prepared from protein-deficient rats was less (P less than 0.02) than in ad libitum or pair-fed controls, suggesting that inhibin overproduction was not the cause of subnormal serum FSH in noncastrate protein-deficient rats. However, castrated rats fed a low protein diet were more sensitive to the negative feedback effects of testosterone on gonadotropin secretion than were ad libitum or pair-fed controls. We conclude that low serum gonadotropins in protein deficient male rats may be related to hypersensitivity of these animals to the negative feedback effects of testosterone on gonadotropin secretion. In addition, FSH hyperresponse to castration, without corresponding LH hyperresponse, seems to be typical of protein deficiency, suggesting that protein deficiency may be a useful model for exploring the differential control of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6804208 TI - Regulation of ovarian 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - The mechanism by which gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) inhibits ovarian progesterone production was investigated by studying the GnRH modulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD)/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase activity in cultured rat granulosa cells. Ovarian granulosa cells, obtained from immature hypophysectomized estrogen-treated rats, were incubated with various hormones in vitro, and 3 beta-HSD activity was determined by measuring the conversion of radiolabeled pregnenolone to progesterone. Treatment with FSH increased the apparent maximal velocity of the enzyme by about 6-fold in a dose-dependent manner, with an ED50 value of 3.58 ng/ml. FSH treatment also resulted in an approximately 10-fold increase in the apparent Km of this enzyme (from 0.46 to 4.98 microM). In contrast, concomitant treatment with GnRH (10(-8) M) inhibited the FSH-stimulated increase in enzyme activity by about 27%. This inhibitory effect of GnRH was associated with a decrease in the apparent maximal velocity, while the apparent Km remained unchanged. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of GnRH was observed whether the enzyme activity was expressed per mg protein or per mg DNA. Concomitant treatment with 10(-6) M of a GnRH antagonist, [D-pGlu1,D Phe2,D-Trp3,6]GnRH, completely blocked the inhibitory effect of GnRH. In contrast to the inhibitory effect of GnRH on FSH-stimulated 3 beta-HSD activity, treatment with GnRH alone increased enzyme activity by about 40%. This was accompanied by a slight but significant stimulation of basal progestin production by GnRH in granulosa cells. The present results coupled with the observed GnRH stimulation of 20 alpha-HSD activity reported earlier suggest that GnRH inhibits the FSH stimulation of progesterone production by decreasing the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone as well as by increasing the metabolism of progesterone. PMID- 6804207 TI - Altered pituitary-thyroid function in the Brattleboro rat with diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6804209 TI - Antigonadal action of prolactin: further studies on the mechanism of inhibition of follicle-stimulating hormone-induced aromatase activity in rat granulosa cell cultures. PMID- 6804211 TI - Effect of melatonin feeding on serum prolactin and gonadotropin levels and the onset of seasonal estrous cyclicity in sheep. PMID- 6804212 TI - Are iodine-deficient rats euthyroid? AB - Inhabitants of many severe endemic goiter areas have low serum T4 and high circulating TSH, despite normal levels of T3. This situation may be produced experimentally chronically feeding rats a low iodine diet (LID). We fed rats a Remington-type LID and gave them 1% NaClO4 in their drinking water for 2 days. After this, the animals were divided into three groups. One group was fed LID, supplemented with 5 micrograms I/rat.day and was used as the control group. Another group was fed LID alone. The third group was fed LID and given 1% NaClO4 to drink. The latter treatment was used to induce severe hypothyroidism. Animals were killed 1, 2, 3, and 5 weeks after the onset of these treatment schedules. The following measurements were made on some or all groups of animals: body and thyroid weights; thyroidal I content; soluble labeled iodoprotein profile; thyroidal labeled iodoamino acid distribution pattern; plasma T4, T3, and TSH; pituitary GH content; and liver intramitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and cytosolic malic enzyme activities. T4 and T3 concentrations were also measured in liver nuclei of the animals killed 5 weeks after the onset of treatment. As assessed from various indices of thyroid function, the LID rats became iodine deficient, although not as markedly as those given LID and ClO4-, The plasma T4 decreased to undetectable levels, and plasma TSH increased, whereas circulating T3 remained normal throughout in the LID rats. In rats given LID and ClO4-, plasma T4 decreased sooner than in rats given LID alone; plasma T3 levels also became undetectable, and TSH increased more markedly and sooner than in rats given LID alone. As measured at the end of 5 weeks of treatment, pituitary GH content, and liver alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme activities were lower in rats given LID than in the euthyroid LID- and I--treated controls. They were not, however, as markedly reduced as in the severely hypothyroid LID- and ClO4--treated rats. In spite of normal plasma T3 levels, the concentration of T3 in liver nuclei of the rats given LID alone was significantly lower than that of the LID- and I--treated controls. The results show that the thyrotrophs, somatotrophs, and livers of rats given LID alone are not like those of euthyroid rats despite normal circulating T3 levels. In iodine-deficient rats, there is a discrepancy between the measured indices of thyroid hormone action in the liver and the circulating T3 level, but not between biological activity and liver nuclear T3 concentration. It remains to be seen whether the same is true in the anterior pituitary. PMID- 6804214 TI - Comparative maturation of the regulation of prolactin and thyrotropin by serotonin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in male and female rats. AB - The aim of this study was to compare the effects of TRH, serotonin, and haloperidol on the secretion of PRL and TSH in male and female rats from birth to puberty. Serum PRL in males and females was low from birth to 20 days; it then increased gradually until puberty. TSH did not change significantly throughout the period studied. The PRL-releasing effect of serotonin became evident at 12 days, and at all times when the response occurred, it was greater in males than in females. This was also observed in adult rats in which 2.5 mg/kg ip serotonin caused an increase in serum PRL in males but not in diestrous females. Serotonin did not modify TSH at any age. On the other hand, TRH induced the release of TSH and PRL from the first day of life and no sex difference was observed. Haloperidol caused release of PRL from birth, and the effect increased significantly with age. The PRL increase induced with haloperidol was greater than that obtained with TRH used in supramaximal doses. A clear sexual difference became evident on day 20, the PRL-releasing effect of haloperidol being more pronounced in females than in males. Haloperidol did not modify TSH values. It is concluded that the mechanisms by which TRH and dopamine regulate PRL secretion mature earlier than those influenced by serotonin. Sexual differences in the manifestation of these mechanisms were observed, the male being more sensitive to serotonin and the female to haloperidol. TRH causes release of TSH from birth; the serotoninergic and dopaminergic pathways are not of paramount importance in the regulation of TSH in the prepubertal rat. PMID- 6804213 TI - Fluorescence activated cell sorting of functional anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 6804217 TI - Alterations in the responsiveness of median eminence luteinizing hormone releasing hormone nerve terminals to norepinephrine and prostaglandin E2 in vitro during the rat estrous cycle. PMID- 6804216 TI - Excess in vitro secretion of the free alpha-subunit of the glycoprotein hormones by pituitary cells from chronically uremic rats. PMID- 6804215 TI - Pituitary responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone after treatment with the breast carcinogen nitrosomethylurea: inhibition of prolactin but not thyrotropin release. PMID- 6804220 TI - Synergistic regulation of fetal rat liver nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) cytochrome c reductase activity: effects of L triiodothyronine and hydrocortisone. AB - The activity of hepatic NADPH cytochrome c reductase, an enzyme important in drug and steroid metabolism, increases rapidly during the perinatal period in rats. However, the regulation of this increase is not well understood. To investigate the role of hormones in the development of NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity, fetal rat livers in organ culture were used in the present study. Explants from 20-day-old fetal rat liver could be maintained for up to 96 h in a serum-free medium with or without added hormones. When the explants were exposed to 50 nM L T3 for 72 h, they had 74% greater NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity than controls. In contrast, 1 microM hydrocortisone (HC) stimulated reductase activity by only 20%. However, when T3 was added with HC there was a synergistic effect, resulting in a 167% elevation in NADPh cytochrome c reductase activity. The response to T3 plus HC was detectable after 24 h and maximal after 72 h. Control activity rose slightly during the first 48 h in culture and was stable thereafter. Stimulation of reductase activity by T3 was detectable at 0.1 nM, half maximal at 2 nM, and maximal between 10 nM and 100 nM. T4 also stimulated NADPh cytochrome c reductase activity in explants but was only 3-4% as potent as T3. The effect of steroids was specific for glucocorticoids. Neither glucagon nor insulin had any measurable effect on reductase activity. Electron micrographs revealed that hepatic ultrastructure was well preserved for at least 72 h of incubation in the presence or absence of hormones. The data suggest, therefore, that the normal perinatal development of hepatic NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in rats is regulated at least in part by thyroid hormones acting synergistically with glucocorticoids. PMID- 6804219 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone metabolism in visceral organ homogenates of the rat. AB - TRH, which is found in a number of sites outside the central nervous system, is degraded by serum and homogenates of brain, liver, and kidney. The presence of TRH deamidase activity in the brain is well documented. In view of the widespread distribution of TRH, the present study was undertaken to evaluate whether TRH deamidase activity is present in visceral organs and to determine the extent to which TRH degradation, as observed under broken cell conditions, can be accounted for by deamidation. Organs from Sprague-Dawley rats were homogenized in 150 mM sodium maleate, pH 7, and aliquots of the 700 X g supernatant were incubated separately with equimolar amounts of synthetic TRH or the deamidated form of TRH, pGlu-His-Pro. The amount of peptide remaining and the conversion of TRH to deamindated TRH in tubes incubated with TRH were measured by specific RIAs at multiple time points. TRH deamidase activity was found in rat liver, kidney, heart, lung, pancreas, ileum, and skeletal muscle. It was time and temperature dependent and was not observed in boiled tissues. Under relative high substrate conditions, approximately 56%, 50%, and 24% of TRH degradation was via the TRH deamidase pathway in liver, kidney, and lung, respectively. In other tissues, the presence of nondeamidase pathways, in addition to the deamidase pathway, could not be ruled out. TRH deamidation accounted for little or no TRH degradation in serum. PMID- 6804222 TI - Increased dipropylacetic acid bioavailability from dipropylacetamide by food. AB - The present study was designed to investigate the influence of food on dipropylacetic acid (DPA) absorption from dipropylacetamide (DPM). Six healthy male volunteers received at weekly intervals, in a crossover randomized fashion, a single oral dose of 60 mg DPM, as 2 X 300-mg capsules, in a fasting state and after a standard meal. In the latter state, the lag time of DPA appearance in the serum increased significantly (p less than 0.02) from 0.6 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 1.2 h (mean values +/- SD). Maximal DPA serum levels and bioavailability increased significantly (p less than 0.05), with mean values of 27.7 +/- 19.8 and 19.0 +/- 14.7%, respectively, following food. The slower gastric emptying with a consequent improved DPM exposure to metabolizing enzymes and changes in gastric pH probably accounted for these findings. These results suggest that it is more advantageous to take DPM after meals. This helps to reduce gastrointestinal disturbances and to promote DPA absorption. PMID- 6804221 TI - Direct enhancement of gonadotropin-stimulated ovarian estrogen biosynthesis by estrogen and clomiphene citrate. AB - The biosynthesis of ovarian aromatases and hence estrogen production are under the control of the gonadotropins, FSH and LH. Using a primary culture of rat granulosa cells, we now report that estrogens (diethylstilbestrol and 17 beta estradiol) augment the stimulation of aromatase activity by FSH and LH. Moreover, clomiphene citrate, a drug widely used to induce ovulation in anovulatory women, also enhances gonadotropin-stimulated aromatase activity. These in vitro findings suggest that estrogens within the microenvironment of the ovarian follicles may exert a local autoregulatory effect on their own production via an ultra-short loop, positive feedback mechanism. In addition, the clinical efficacy of clomiphene citrate may derive partially from its direct augmentation of the gonadotropin-stimulated estrogen production at the ovarian level. PMID- 6804210 TI - Estradiol-induced luteal regression in the rhesus monkey: evidence for an extraovarian site of action. PMID- 6804223 TI - The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid after oral and parenteral administration in healthy volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid were investigated in six healthy volunteers. After a single intravenous dose of 1,000 mg valproic acid, the pharmacokinetic parameters were determined according to the open two-compartment model. Bioavailability of valproic acid was performed comparing the areas under curves (AUC) after i.v and an equal single oral dose. The half-life of the initial phase was t 1/2 alpha = 0.64 +/- 0.32 h, and the elimination half-life was calculated as t 1/2 beta = 11.55 +/- 2.33 h. The distribution volume of the central compartment was Vc = 9.9 +/- 0.78 L, the apparent volume of distribution was Vd beta = 18.2 +/- 6.2 L, and the distribution volume at steady state was Vss = 12.6 +/- 1.2 L. The value for the average total clearance was Cltot = 51.1 +/- 11.9 ml/min. The study showed that in comparison to single dosing, the elimination half-life increased in average for four hours after multiple dosing (p less than or equal to 0.05). There was only a poor correlation between serum concentrations and concentration of valproic acid in saliva (r = 0.42). PMID- 6804218 TI - Gold thioglucose-induced hypothalamic damage, hyperphagia, and obesity: dependence on the adrenal gland. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory suggested that adrenal hormones may participate, directly or indirectly, in the hypothalamic mechanism involved in the regulation of food intake. In the present studies, the effect of adrenalectomy on the development of gold thioglucose (GTG)-induced hyperphagia and obesity in mice was investigated. As expected, damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus by GTG was followed by hyperphagia and obesity. Ablation of the adrenal glands after the administration of GTG prevented the onset and development of hyperphagia and obesity. The administration of cortisone completely restored the hyperphagia and weight gain of GTG-treated adrenalectomized mice. The administration of desoxycorticosterone not only failed to restore the hyperphagia and obesity in these mice but, rather, led to a suppression of food intake, weight loss, and death. It is concluded that 1) GTG induced hypothalamic hyperphagia and obesity are dependent on adrenal glucocorticoids, and 2) the ability of adrenal glucocorticoids to restore hyperphagia and obesity in hypothalamic lesioned adrenalectomized mice indicates that adrenal glucocorticoids can act on compounds outside of the ventromedial hypothalamus involved in the control of food intake. PMID- 6804224 TI - Side effects of sodium valproate in monotherapy controlled by plasma levels: a study in 88 pediatric patients. AB - The incidence of toxicity associated with the use of valproic acid (VPA) is considered remarkably low compared to other antiepileptic drugs. This study reports the toxicity of VPA administered as a single drug to 88 children in relation to the daily dose and drug plasma level. The frequency of side effects observed clinically was 42.0%, but it increased to 80.7% when a questionnaire was introduced. In spite of the limitations of this method, the results show the need to perform systematic surveillance for side effects of all antiepileptic drugs, similar to those made to assess their clinical effectiveness. Anorexia, vomiting, and sleep alterations were the most common side effects detected in the clinical record; patients who showed anorexia, hyperactivity, lassitude, sleep disturbances, and sadness had received daily doses significantly higher than patients not showing side effects. Similarly, the children who needed to reduce or discontinue the treatment were receiving the highest doses. No relations, however, could be established between the incidence of side effects and plasma levels of VPA except for lassitude and drowsiness. Severe or fatal toxicity was not detected. PMID- 6804225 TI - Morphological transformation of C3H/10T1/2 CL8 cells by procarcinogens. AB - In order to increase the sensitivity of the C3H/10T1/2 CL8 (10T1/2) cell transformation system, we increased the chemical exposure period to a total of 6 days (two consecutive 3-day exposures). Using this modified procedure, we transformed 10T1/2 cells with procarcinogens such as aflatoxin B1, benz(a)anthracene, and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide which have been negative in the standard 10T1/2 cell transformation assay. However, beta-naphthylamine was inconclusive and 2-acetylamino-fluorine was negative in this modified assay system. Our results demonstrate that a simple modification of the 10T1/2 cell transformation method can increase the sensitivity to some procarcinogens that require metabolic activation. PMID- 6804226 TI - Variations among species and cell types in the effects of caffeine on mutagen induced cytotoxicity and postreplication repair of DNA. AB - The influence of caffeine on cytotoxicity and postreplication repair of DNA was examined following exposure of several cell types to physical and chemical agents known to damage DNA. The cell types used in this study were normal human fibroblasts (HS-WP), human xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts (SGL), Chinese hamster V79 cells, mouse BALB/c-3T3 cells, and secondary Syrian hamster embryo cells. The DNA damaging agents were ultraviolet light (UV), N-2-acetoxy fluorenylacetamide (AFAA), nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO) and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). Induction of cytotoxicity in Chinese hamster V79 cells due to ultraviolet light or AFAA exposure was enhanced by caffeine at a concentration of 1.0 mM in the culture medium, but not at 0.2 or 0.05 mM. Caffeine also inhibited postreplication repair in these cells at the same concentrations. In contrast, postreplication repair was not affected by caffeine at concentrations up to 1.0 mM in normal human fibroblasts (HS-WP), human xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts (SGL), secondary Syrian hamster embryo cells, and mouse BALB/c-3T3 cells following treatment with ultraviolet light, AFAA, NQO, or MNNG. Cytotoxicity in BALB/c-3T3 cells following exposure to ultraviolet light or AFAA was enhanced in the presence of caffeine at 1.0 or 0.2 mM, although these concentrations of caffeine had no effect on postreplication repair in these cells. The inhibitory effect of caffeine on postreplication repair was found only in Chinese hamster V79 cells among the five cell types used in this study. Both normal and xeroderma pigmentosum human cells repaired mutagen-induced DNA damage equally well in the absence or presence of caffeine at concentrations of 1.0 mM or less. PMID- 6804227 TI - Comparison of the larval serum proteins of Drosophila melanogaster using one and two-dimensional peptide mapping. AB - Immunological data, amino acid composition, and coordinate control during development suggest that the alpha, beta and gamma subunits of the major protein of Drosophila larval serum (LSP-1) are coded for by genes which evolved by replications of an ancestral gene followed by mutation. In order to test this hypothesis, and to study the relationship of these genes with that coding for the second major larval serum protein subunits. One-dimensional maps generated by three different proteases showed many similarities among these proteins. Two dimensional peptide mapping of the methionine-containing tryptic peptides showed that half of these peptides are common to all four larval serum protein subunits, and that about two-thirds are common to the three LSP-1 subunits. These observations show that the LSP-1 subunits are more closely related to each other than any is to LSP-2, and supported the initial suggestion that the proteins are homologous. Because the genes for the LSP-1 subunits are each located on a different chromosome, the LSP-1 subunits are a suitable system for investigating the evolution and dispersal of related genes, and trans control in eukaryotes. PMID- 6804229 TI - Identification of a class of lysines within the non-specific DNA-binding site of RNA polymerase core enzyme from Escherichia coli. AB - The imido ester, methyl acetimidate, which specifically amidinates lysine residues, modifies RNA polymerase core enzyme, leading to rapid loss of activity. Calf thymus DNA partially protects the enzyme against this inactivation, an effect which disappears at high salt concentration. DNA protects 17 +/- 6 lysines from amidination at low salt concentration. The dependence of amidination on methyl acetimidate concentration is examined in the presence of DNA at high and low salt concentration. Analysis of the data suggests a class of approximately 12 lysines which are protected by DNA, consistent with the above estimate. These lysines are approximately 5--10-fold more reactive than most other available lysine residues. PMID- 6804228 TI - Non-hormonal activation of glycogenolysis in perfused rat livers. PMID- 6804230 TI - Stereochemistry of the conversions of L-threonine and D-threonine into 2 oxobutanoate by the L-threonine and D-threonine dehydratases of Serratia marcescens. PMID- 6804231 TI - The biosynthesis of wall teichoic acid by toluenised cells of Bacillus subtilis W23. AB - Toluenised cells of Bacillus subtilis W23 synthesized the teichoic acid, poly(ribitol phosphate), from exogenous precursors. The synthesis was dependent on concomitant synthesis of the linkage unit that joins teichoic acid to peptidoglycan. Under conditions that reduced cell autolytic activity, a large proportion of the teichoic acid became linked to the cell wall, independently of peptidoglycan synthesis. The specific activity of the system was more than 30 times that of isolated membranes, so that activity could be measured readily in the cells from 2 ml of an exponential culture of bacteria. PMID- 6804232 TI - Characterisation of a membrane-bound serine-specific casein kinase isolated from lactating guinea-pig mammary gland. AB - Serine-specific and threonine-specific casein kinase activities have been identified in a Golgi-enriched membrane fraction isolated from the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland. The serine-specific casein kinase has been purified 2000-fold by affinity chromatography on ATP-agarose. The enzyme has an estimated Mr of 100000 as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and phosphorylates the serine residues of dephosphorylated guinea-pig caseins A and B in a qualitatively and quantitatively identical manner to caseins A and B secreted by lactating mammary gland explants in organ culture. The enzyme also phosphorylates casein C at serine, but not threonine residues. Studies on the relative location of the enzyme within a Golgi-enriched membrane fraction show that it is an integral component of the membrane, either in the form of a transmembrane protein or exposed on the luminal side of the membrane. Although casein kinase activity is not associated with the endoplasmic reticulum, it remains to be proven whether it is truly a Golgi enzyme, since analysis of subcellular membrane components fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation shows that the particulate protein kinase activity of the lactating mammary gland does not cosediment with galactosyl transferase, possibly a reflection of the heterogeneous nature of mammary gland Golgi apparatus. It seems likely that the serine-specific casein kinase activity described is responsible for the phosphorylation of caseins in the lactating guinea-pig mammary gland, and that this occurs after the sequestration of processed but unphosphorylated caseins within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6804233 TI - A sphingomyelin transfer protein in rat tumors and fetal liver. AB - The binding of the disaccharides methyl beta-D-lactoside and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy 3-O-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-beta-D-galactopyranose [beta-D-Gal-(l leads to 3)-D GalNAc] to peanut agglutinin was studied by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. The magnitude of the difference spectra varied with the concentration of the carbohydrates; association constants and thermodynamic parameters were determined from titration experiments at different temperatures. The enthalpy and entropy changes for binding of methyl beta-D-lactoside were found to be delta H degree = 65 +/- 4 kJ mol-1, delta S degree = -156 +/- 14 J mol-1 K-1. For beta-D-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc the observed thermodynamic parameters were delta H degree = 78 +/- 5 kJ mol-1, delta S degree = -177 +/- 16 J mol-1 K-1. For both disaccharides, the enthalpy change upon binding to the lectin is much larger than found for the binding site on peanut agglutinin. The observed parameters are compared with those found for the binding of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides to other lectins and to lysozyme. Molecular models of the minimum energy conformers of beta-D-Gal(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAc and methyl beta-D-lactoside are used to interpret the interaction of these, and structurally related ligands, with the peanut agglutinin binding site. PMID- 6804234 TI - Cell-associated glycosaminoglycans of human teratocarcinoma-derived cells of line PA 1. AB - Human teratocarcinoma-derived cells of line PA 1, which are capable of differentiating in vitro [Zeuthen, J. et al. (1980) Int J. Cancer, 25, 19-32], incorporate label from radioactive sulfate and/or glucosamine into several large sized glycosaminoglycans including hyaluronate, chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate co-polymers, heparan sulfate and keratan-sulfate-like molecules. All these polysaccharide fractions were identified by specific degradation methods. The labeled hyaluronate was degraded into a mixture of unsaturated octa-, hexa- and tetra-saccharides by a treatment with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (EC 4.2.2.1). The chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate co-polymers were cleaved with chondroitin AC lyase (EC 4.2.2.5) into unsaturated disaccharides and a series of unsaturated oligosaccharides; the latter were degraded by a treatment with chondroitin ABC lyase (EC 4.2.2.4) into unsaturated disaccharides. Heparan sulfate was degraded with nitrous acid into free inorganic [35S]sulfate and a series of [35S]sulfate-labeled oligosaccharides and/or glycopeptides. The keratan sulfate-like molecules were hydrolyzed by a treatment with endo-beta galactosidase from Escherichia freundii into a series of distinct [35S]sulfate labeled oligosaccharides; small oligosaccharides were liberated also from [3H]galactose-labeled molecules. The smallest one of the liberated oligosaccharides was tentatively identified as a sulfated disaccharide. PMID- 6804235 TI - Accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine in mammalian cells as a consequence of the inhibition of putrescine biosynthesis. AB - Biological transmethylation reactions and polyamine biosynthesis share the substrate S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Under normal conditions, decarboxylated S adenosyl-L-methionine, the aminopropyl donor for polyamine biosynthesis, does not accumulate because of its rapid utilization in spermidine and spermine synthesis. Alteration of polyamine synthesis by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme activated irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, leads to a striking accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine in rat hepatoma cells cultured in vitro and in rat ventral prostate. This increase is due both to lack of putrescine and spermidine for the aminopropyltransferase reactions and to the elevation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity. The biological implications of accumulation of decarboxylated S-adenosyl-L-methionine are discussed with regard to the regulation of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase activity and to the antiproliferative effects of DL-alpha difluoromethylornithine. PMID- 6804238 TI - D-Malic enzyme of Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - By the enrichment culture technique 14 gram-negative bacteria and two yeast strains were isolated that used D(+)-malic acid as sole carbon source. The bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes. In cell-free extracts of P. fluorescens and P. putida the presence of malate dehydrogenase, D-malic enzyme (NAD-dependent) and L-malic enzyme (NADP-dependent) was demonstrated. D-Malic enzyme from P. fluorescens was purified. Stabilization of the enzyme by 50 mM ammonium sulphate an 1 mM EDTA was essential. Preparation of D-malic enzyme that gave one band with disc gel electrophoresis showed a specific activity of 4-5 U/mg. D-Malic enzyme requires divalent cations. The Km values were for malate Km = 0.3 mM and for NAD Km = 0.08 mM. The pH optimum for the reaction was found to be in the range of pH 8.1 to pH 8.8. D-Malic enzyme is partially inhibited by oxaloacetic acid, meso-tartaric acid, D-lactic acid and ATP. Determined by gel filtration and gradient gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight was approximately 175 000. PMID- 6804237 TI - Ovarian and fat-body vitellogenin synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The ovary and the fat body of Drosophila melanogaster both synthesise vitellogenins in vivo. The ovary contributes nearly as much vitellogenin to the yolk of an oocyte as does the fat body. Densitometry of fluorographs and gels has been used to compare the amount of the smallest vitellogenin polypeptide, yolk protein 3, synthesised by each tissue. Cell-free translations indicate that the ovary, in contrast to the fat body, contains a much reduced level of the mRNA for yolk protein 3 compared with the mRNAs for the other vitellogenin polypeptides. However, if tissues are cultured in vitro, the underproduction of this protein by the ovary is not significant. Because young embryos have levels of this polypeptide which are expected if the ovary has a low level of its corresponding mRNA, we argue that the ovary genuinely underproduces this protein in vivo and that the relative levels synthesised by the ovary in vitro are an artefact. Egg chambers of previtellogenic stages can synthesise vitellogenins, but the maximum level of vitellogenin synthesis occurs in egg chambers of the early vitellogenic stages. We conclude that the expression of the vitellogenin genes is subject to different controls at each site of synthesis. The possible cell types responsible for ovarian vitellogenin synthesis are discussed; the follicle epithelial cells are tentatively nominated for this role. We also suggest that a specific repression mechanism for vitellogenin gene expression exists in the ovary. PMID- 6804239 TI - The effect of nitroglycerin, beta-blockade with acebutolol and isometric stress on incoordinate left ventricular function. PMID- 6804240 TI - Preclinical studies on indoprofen, a new non-steroidal analgesic-antiinflammatory agent. AB - Indoprofen is an isoindoline derivative of phenylpropionic acid. At doses of 1-3 mg/kg it inhibited acute and subchronic experimental inflammation. Its strong analgesic activity lacks any specific CNS effect. The drug's pharmacological activity is directly related to inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis at the cyclo-oxygenase step. In carrageenin-induced oedema indoprofen and prednisolone had a synergistic anti-inflammatory effect, and indoprofen and acetylsalicylic acid showed an additive effect. Acute and chronic toxicity of indoprofen was determined in the mouse, rat, dog and monkey. Target organ for indoprofen toxicity is the gastrointestinal tract (ulcerogenic effect). In vitro and in vivo studies of mutagenicity did not show any mutagenic activity. No embryotoxic or teratogenic effect was noted in reproduction toxicity studies in rats, rabbits and monkeys. PMID- 6804236 TI - Covalent structure of mouse type-IV collagen. Isolation, order and partial amino acid sequence of cyanogen-bromide and tryptic peptides of pepsin fragment P1 from the alpha 1(IV) chain. AB - Fragment P1 (Mr = 55 000) which is located in the carboxy-terminal portion of the triple-helical segment of the alpha 1(IV) chain was purified from a pepsin digest of a mouse tumor basement membrane. Peptides produced from P1 by cleavage with cyanogen bromide and trypsin were purified and characterised with respect to their size, composition and partial amino acid sequence. Fragment patterns and overlapping sequences allowed the ordering of these peptides within the P1 segment. About 70% of the sequence was determined by Edman degradation. Segments of seven or eight amino acid residues, which lacked the triple-helical sequence Gly-Xaa-Yaa, were found at both ends of fragment P1, explaining the susceptibility of native type IV collagen to pepsin. Two further interruptions of the triple helix were indicated by single deletions of GLy or Yaa positions in the triplet structure (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)n. The two 3-hydroxyproline residues were found in position Xaa and are surrounded by homologous sequences. PMID- 6804241 TI - Influence of indomethacin and aspirin on the vesicosphincteric dynamics of prostatectomized patients. AB - The urodynamic and clinical effects of two known prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors--indomethacin and aspirin--were analysed using 59 prostatectomized patients as experimental subjects. We obtained clinical and urodynamic results within each group by comparing the situation before and after medication. A placebo group of 12 patients was used to get an idea of the natural evolution of the situation. A urodynamic workup was done 1 h and 30 min after the administration of the drugs and placebo and the clinical results were analysed on the 8th day of treatment, at which time a few patients were again studied urodynamically. The clinical results were again evaluated a short time after the treatment had been terminated. Marked clinical and urodynamic changes showed that bladder and urethral structures had been affected. Urodynamic modifications, were statistically analysed. We concluded that changes noted were at least partially due to prostaglandin synthesis inhibition and the resulting inhibition of prostaglandin action. PMID- 6804242 TI - Experimental investigations on the absorption of intravesically instilled mitomycin C in the urinary bladder of the rat. AB - After ligation of ureters and urethra, male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated over 3 h with either 2 mg mitomycin C (MMC) intravesically (group I), or in conjunction with pre-instillation bladder electrocoagulation (group II) or iatrogenic Escherichia coli/xylene-induced severe cystitis (group III). Vesical absorption of MMC was investigated by measuring serum MMC up to 180 min postinstillation on the basis of a thin agar plate method. There was no statistically significant different with regard to the total amount of MMC absorbed between groups I and II. However, when groups I and III or II and III were compared, a significant differing transvesical absorption was calculated, being higher for the electrocoagulation than for the cystitis group. The possible clinical implication of this finding is discussed in connection with the most recent literature. PMID- 6804243 TI - Pharmacokinetics of bupropion, a novel antidepressant agent, following oral administration to healthy subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of bupropion hydrochloride, a structurally novel antidepressant agent, have been studied in healthy male and female subjects following administration of single oral doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg. Plasma drug concentrations were determined directly by a specific radioimmunoassay (r.i.a.), while urinary measurements required a prior solvent extraction to remove substances interfering in the assay. Bupropion appeared rapidly in the plasma, suggesting good absorption. Drug plasma concentration-time data were fitted well to a two-compartment open model of drug disposition by use of the computer program NONLIN. By comparison of AUC, Cmax and tmax values, the pharmacokinetics of bupropion were found to be linear across the 50-200 mg dose range in both sexes. When the data were normalized for subjects' body weights, no differences between pharmacokinetic parameters for male and female subjects were found. Mean disposition half-lives across treatments were 1.2-1.4 h for t1/2 alpha and 10.7 13.8 h for the t1/2 beta. Bupropion was extensively bound (85%) to human plasma proteins over a wide drug concentration range. Less than 1% of a 200 mg oral dose of bupropion hydrochloride appeared in the urine of 16 subjects as unchanged drug, indicating extensive metabolism of the parent compound. PMID- 6804244 TI - Clearance of diazepam can be impaired by its major metabolite desmethyldiazepam. AB - The pharmacokinetics of a single intravenous dose of diazepam 0.1 mg/kg was studied in 6 healthy volunteers, in random order under controlled conditions and following pretreatment with its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam (20 mg/kg/day) for one week. In the two subjects with the highest plasma concentration of desmethyldiazepam (990 and 1100 ng/ml, respectively), total plasma clearance (Cl) of diazepam was reduced after desmethyldiazepam, by 31% and 54%, respectively. In three individuals there was a moderate decrease of 14% to 21%, and no effect was seen in one volunteer. Cl was significantly reduced (11.5 +/- 1.8 vs. 9.1 +/- 3.3 ml/min; p = 0.015) and elimination half-life tended to be prolonged (38.5 +/- 10.4 vs. 65.8 +/- 67.1 h; p = 0.15). It is concluded that high concentrations of desmethyldiazepam can influence the elimination of its parent drug diazepam by product inhibition. PMID- 6804245 TI - Improved effect of glibenclamide on administration before breakfast. AB - In an attempt to assess whether intake of glibenclamide before meals would improve its therapeutic capacity, the present investigation compared the effect of glibenclamide 2.5 mg t.i.d. given before and together with meals. In addition, these effects were compared with that of glibenclamide given as a single morning dose of 7.5 mg. The subjects studied were six Type 2 diabetics not previously exposed to sulphonylurea drugs. Irrespective of dosage and mode of administration, addition of glibenclamide to a standardized breakfast, lunch and dinner enhanced plasma IRI concentrations and reduced blood glucose concentrations as compared to administration of meals without the drug. The different modes of glibenclamide administration did not differ significantly with respect to IRI responses. However the blood glucose reduction after breakfast was significantly greater when glibenclamide 2.5 mg had been given before the meal than when 2.5 or 7.5 mg were given with the meal; a similar, but non-significant tendency was observed after lung; no consistent difference was seen after dinner. Food intake did not affect glibenclamide kinetics. It appears that administration of glibenclamide 2.5 mg before breakfast improved glucose utilization following the breakfast load, due to earlier attainment of an effective concentration of glibenclamide. PMID- 6804247 TI - Allotypes in Basilea rabbits. AB - Basilea rabbits produce immunoglobulin molecules, practically all of which have lambda light chains rather than kappa chains. This variant strain was derived form a homozygous (b9/b9) male. Sensitive serological methods revealed that at least some homozygous bas/bas individuals possess traces (about 100 ng/ml) of b9 molecules. This level usually increases to almost 1 microgram/ml upon hyperimmunization with pneumococcal or streptococcal vaccines. One exceptional rabbit, with 50 micrograms/ml of b9 molecules, was found. In spite of the presence of b9 molecules in early pre-immune bleeds, homozygous bas/bas rabbits produce strong anti-b9 antibodies; i.e., they are capable of making autoantibodies. These anti-b9 allotypic antisera were not distinguishable by our methods from routinely produced anti-b9. PMID- 6804246 TI - Plasma levels of parent drug and metabolites in the intravenous aminopyrine breath test. AB - [Dimethylamine-14C]-aminopyrine was given i.v. to 5 healthy volunteers and 5 medical patients in a dose of 1.67 mg/kg, containing 0.02 micro Ci/kg 14C. In 4 volunteers the experiment was repeated using oral administration of aminopyrine. Exhalation of 14CO2 was followed for 6-10 h and plasma levels of the drug and of its metabolites 4-methylamino-antipyrine, 4-amino-antipyrine, 4-acetylamino antipyrine, 4-formylamino-antipyrine, were measured by thin-layer chromatography. The concentration-time profiles of the metabolites mostly failed to conform to a Bateman function. Areas under the curves from 1 to 6 h after dosing indicated distinct interindividual differences in metabolite patterns even in the absence of disturbed liver function, whereas the intraindividual data were closely reproducible. In most subjects, the area of formylamino-antipyrine exceeded that of the acetyl analogue. The metabolite patterns did not exhibit a consistent relationship to the ratios between 14CO2 half-life in breath and aminopyrine half life in plasma, which varied from 1.4 to 3.2. PMID- 6804248 TI - Inhibition by sulphinpyrazone of the platelet-dependent bronchoconstriction due to platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) in the guinea pig. AB - Platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether) injected into guinea-pigs induced platelet-dependent bronchoconstriction and thrombocytopenia. Treatment of the animals with sulphinpyrazone suppressed bronchoconstriction without affecting thrombocytopenia. When tested ex vivo and in vitro, sulphinpyrazone suppressed the PAF-acether-induced platelet release reaction, as measured by the release of ATP, more efficiently than platelet aggregation. In contrast, bronchoconstriction and thrombocytopenia in vivo, as well as platelet aggregation and the release reaction ex vivo and in vitro, induced by arachidonic acid (AA), were suppressed by sulphinpyrazone. This effect is accounted for by the known anti-arachidonate cyclooxygenase activity of sulphinpyrazone. Finally, aggregation by ADP was only marginally inhibited by sulphinpyrazone, and the inhibition was easily surmounted when the amounts of ADP added were increased. Sulphinpyrazone exerts a specific and cyclooxygenase-independent protective effect towards platelet activation by PAF-acether, which results in inhibition of platelet-dependent bronchoconstriction even though aggregation, and consequently in vivo thrombocytopenia, may persist. PMID- 6804249 TI - Prevention of glucose-induced insulin secretion by lipoxygenase inhibitor. AB - Glucose-induced insulin secretion was investigated using isolated pancreatic islets of rats. The phospholipase A2 inhibitors. p-bromophenacyl bromide (0.1 mM) and mepacrine (0.1 mM) inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. Indomethacin (5 microM), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, failed to inhibit glucose-induced insulin secretion, while the lipoxygenase inhibitor nordihydroguaiaretic acid (0.1-0.2 mM) inhibited it. These results suggest that stimulation of phospholipase A2 and a product(s) formed by the lipoxygenase pathway play an important role in the glucose-induced insulin secretion. PMID- 6804250 TI - [Chemically induced pancreatic neoplasms]. PMID- 6804251 TI - Purification and properties of superoxide dismutase from bovine retina. PMID- 6804252 TI - Non A, non B hepatitis: ultrastructural findings in human liver biopsies. AB - Dense intranuclear particles 30 to 40 nm diameter, could be identified in liver specimens from female patients, who immediately after delivery had been inoculated with sera contaminated with non A, non B hepatitis. The same particles were described previously by KENDREY et al. (1975) in a case of acute hepatitis without clinical or serological evidence for hepatitis A and B. The joint occurrence of dense intranuclear particles with typical core particles in cases of chronic B hepatitis show that they are not specific for non A, non B hepatitis. The observed structures are likely to be nonspecific responses of hepatocytic nuclei to different hepatitis viruses. The nature of relationship to the infectious agent remains to be elucidated. Tubular structures in the endoplasmic reticulum and other cytoplasmic inclusions which had been demonstrated in liver cells from chimpanzees inoculated with non A, non B hepatitis, did not occur in our material. PMID- 6804253 TI - Spina bifida and maternal Rh phenotype. PMID- 6804255 TI - The efficacy of a novel compound, (e)-1-(4'-bromo-4-biphenylyl)-1-(4 chlorophenyl)-3-dimethylaminoprop-1-ene against Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. AB - The biological properties of a novel compound 353C with high activity against Trypanosoma cruzi, are described. The compound was about 10 times and 20 times more effective than either benznidazole or nifurtimox respectively, in producing radical cure in mice. 353C has a long half-life and showed anti-trypanosomal properties when given to mice at weekly intervals. PMID- 6804254 TI - Differential action of penicillin and uv-light on endosymbionts of the ciliate Euplotes crassus. PMID- 6804256 TI - Effects of early undernutrition and subsequent rehabilitation on acetylcholine levels in rat brain. PMID- 6804258 TI - beta-Alanine and alpha-L-alanine inhibit the exploratory activity of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - 1% beta-alanine and alpha-L-alanine, when given for 7 days as the only drinking fluid, inhibited the exploratory activity of adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) but not that of the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKR). beta-Alanine decreased the taurine level in the liver of both strains and in the platelets of SHR. alpha-Alanine decreased the taurine level in the liver of WKR and in the platelets of SHR. PMID- 6804257 TI - The prevention of alloxan-induced diabetes in mice by the iron-chelator detapac: suggestion of a role for iron in the cytotoxic process. AB - DETAPAC, an iron-chelating agent, given to male Swiss-Webster mice prior to alloxan, was able to protect the mice from the diabetogenic actions of alloxan. In contrast EDTA, another chelating agent, offered no protection. Possible mechanisms for these effects, including inhibition of hydroxyl radical formation, will be discussed. PMID- 6804259 TI - [Effect of hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid on functional and morphological changes in the kidneys caused by ethylene glycol]. PMID- 6804260 TI - [Recent concepts on the antiphlogistic action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6804262 TI - Release of the surface coat from the plasma membrane of intact bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei requires Ca2+. PMID- 6804264 TI - Electron microscopic analysis of the extra 16 SrRNA gene and its neighbourhood in chloroplast DNA from Euglena gracilis strain Z. PMID- 6804265 TI - Role of local induced-fit of Ser 195 in beta-trypsin: a molecular orbital study. PMID- 6804266 TI - Vitamin E deficiency and photosensitization of electron-transport carriers in microsomes. PMID- 6804263 TI - Nafazatrom (Bay g 6575) inhibition of tumor cell lipoxygenase activity and cellular proliferation. PMID- 6804267 TI - Immunoassay of carbonic anhydrase III in rat tissues. PMID- 6804269 TI - Role of diffusion in the external gas exchange of animals. PMID- 6804268 TI - Physiological regulation of the hepatic circulation. AB - Liver blood flow is determined at normal arterial pressure by 1) the hepatic arterial vascular resistance, 2) the inflow resistance to the preportal vascular beds, 3) the intrahepatic portal venous vascular resistance. Hepatic arterial vascular resistance and therefore blood flow are regulated by relatively weak intrinsic as well as by extrinsic mechanisms. The principal extrinsic mechanisms include the sympathetic vasoconstrictor innervation and epinephrine, whereas the roles of the vasodilator gastrointestinal and pancreatic hormones, and autacoids released from the gastrointestinal tract, remain to be established convincingly. Intrahepatic portal vascular resistance is not significantly controlled by intrinsic mechanisms, and responses to extrinsic mechanisms may be directed principally toward maintenance of portal venous pressure. Two aspects of liver blood flow are discussed in particular detail. First, hormones or drug introduced into one inflow to the liver (e.g., the portal vein) alter the vascular resistance not only of that circuit, but also of the other inflow circuit (hepatic arterial) by a transhepatic mechanism that does not depend on recirculation of the hormone or drug. Second, glucagon, but not other polypeptide vasodilator hormones, prevents hepatic arterial vasoconstriction due to stimuli that include sympathetic nerve activation. This effect occurs at portal or arterial glucagon concentrations close to the pathophysiological range. PMID- 6804261 TI - [Effect of corticosteroids, vitamins, thiophosphamide and their combinations on the metabolic status of tumor-bearing animals]. PMID- 6804270 TI - A model for the study of diffusion and perfusion limitation. AB - On the basis of a very simple model for the association of diffusion and perfusion, an association common to many respiratory gas transfers, a simple equation is described that defines gas partial pressure equilibration in diffusion-perfusion-limited systems as a function of the ratio of D to beta bQ(D = diffusing capacity, beta b = blood capacitance coefficient, Q = perfusion). The equation applies to steady-state conditions and assumes D, beta b, and Q to be independent of gas partial pressures. In spite of the fact that this assumption may represent a gross simplification, the equation can be regarded as a powerful conceptual tool in the analysis of most gas exchange systems. PMID- 6804272 TI - Role of diffusion in gas exchange of the avian egg. AB - The pore system of the avian eggshell provides a unique exchange surface for the transport of gases. The dimensions of the microscopic pores do not change with time, and gas transport through them is essentially limited to diffusion. According to Fick's law of diffusion, eggshell conductance of a given gas will vary directly with the diffusion coefficient of the gas. This principle is illustrated by monitoring changes in air space CO2 in metabolizing eggs subjected to changes in barometric pressure or to substitutions of He and SF6 for N2 in the ambient atmosphere. PMID- 6804271 TI - Diffusion and chemical reaction as limiting factors in CO2 equilibration in lungs. AB - Blood CO2 exchange involves at least five separate diffusion and/or chemical reaction processes occurring simultaneously, the rates of several of which have been measured in vitro. Estimation of the influence of the velocity of a single process on the overall rate of CO2 exchange requires calculations using a mathematical model of the system. Computation shows that inasmuch as there is no carbonic anhydrase in plasma, there should be a slow readjustment of plasma pH after blood exchanges CO2 in capillaries. However, there appears to be a carbonic anhydrase in addition to the one in red blood cells that is available to intracapillary fluid in the lung and that accelerates equilibration of the plasma bicarbonate buffer system. This carbonic anhydrase may be in the capillary endothelial cells. PMID- 6804273 TI - Diffusion-limited gas exchange across amphibian skin. AB - Cutaneous gas exchange function of amphibians is conveniently analyzed in lungless salamanders in which all gas exchange is through the skin. Measurements in Desmognathus fuscus (Plethodontidae) have yielded the following results: 1) Cutaneous transfer of O2 and CO2 is limited predominantly by diffusion. 2) Accordingly, in environmental hypoxia, O2 uptake decreases. 3) Anaerobiosis contributes to energy balance during the first few hours of hypoxia only. Thereafter unknown biochemical adjustments take place that allow the animal to restore metabolite levels characteristic of normoxia regardless of the continued reduced oxygen uptake. PMID- 6804274 TI - Mechanisms of target recognition and destruction in macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. AB - Macrophages can be activated to kill neoplastic cells selectively and efficiently. Recent studies from his laboratory on mechanisms of target recognition and injury operative in such lysis have centered on the binding of tumor targets to the secretion of a cytolytic protease (cytolytic factor (CF]) by activated murine macrophages. Activated macrophages selectively and extensively bind neoplastic cells; nonselective binding of a low degree is seen between numerous cell pairs. The selective binding of three nonadherent tumors, which is much firmer than the nonselective binding, appears to depend on shared recognition structures contained within plasma membranes of the three tumors. Activated macrophages also secrete a potent, cytolytic, serine protease of molecular weight approximately 40,000. Secretion of CF is closely correlated with activation for cytolysis, and specific protease inhibitors of CF block macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. Binding of tumor cells to activated macrophages triggers augmented secretion of CF. Several lines of evidence indicate that the capacity for selective binding and the capacity for secreting CF are separate and independently regulated functions of activated macrophages and that each is necessary but not sufficient for completion of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. Analysis of the complete lytic interaction between activated macrophages and tumor cells suggests that binding and then secretion of CF are sequentially involved. These data have been integrated into a minimal hypothetical model, which suggests that macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity is a multistep event encompassing 1) selective binding of tumor cells to the surface of activated macrophages and 2) secretion of multiple lytic effector substances, including CF, from the activated macrophages. PMID- 6804276 TI - A life-table analysis of pregnancy yield in fixed low-dose menotropin therapy for patients in whom clomiphene citrate failed to induce ovulation. AB - Forty-nine patients in whom clomiphene citrate failed to induce ovulation were treated for 177 cycles with a fixed low dosage of menotropin. Among these 49 patients, there were 24 pregnancies. Among these pregnancies were two that were multiple and three spontaneous abortions. In only one treatment cycle was there a hyperstimulation syndrome. These patients were divided into three clinical groups: the secondary amenorrheic patient, the oligo-amenorrheic patient, and the patient with poor corpus luteum function. There was no statistically significant difference in the pregnancy rate per month among all groups during the first three treatment cycles (average value, 0.07). However, there was a statistically significant improvement in the pregnancy rate per month in the group with secondary amenorrhea and the group with poor corpus luteum in the last three treatment cycles, as compared with the first three treatment cycles (P = 0.05; average value, 0.75). The oligo-amenorrheic patients, on the other hand, during the last 3 months of treatment, had no statistically significant increase in the pregnancy rate per month. These data suggest that menotropin therapy may have a priming effect. These data do not fit the currently accepted model of a constant pregnancy rate per month for all patients. The data suggest that caution should be exercised before combining patient groups when evaluating the results of menotropin therapy. PMID- 6804275 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of estrogen monitoring for induction of ovulation with menotropins. AB - Twenty-five cycles of induced ovulation with menotropins were investigated blindly with ultrasound to evaluate estrogen monitoring. Plasma 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and urinary estriol glucuronide (E3G) correlated with total ovarian volume (0.58, 0.58), total follicular volume (0.56, 0.52), volume of the largest follicle (0.53, 0.54), and days of administration of menotropins (0.49, 0.44), respectively. The mutual correlations of days of menotropin administration, volume of the largest follicle, E2, and E3G with total follicular volume explained the correlations of E2 and E3G with days of administration of menotropins and with volume of the largest follicle. Thus, multiple small follicles can reproduce the E2 or E3G levels associated with a single mature follicle if they result in the same total follicular volume. As menotropins were administered for progressively longer periods, the number of maturing follicles increased. We conclude that ultrasound appears to be useful for monitoring induction of ovulation with menotropins since it provides more accurate information on follicular number and size than can be obtained by estrogen determinations alone. PMID- 6804280 TI - [Interaction of automatic centers]. AB - Evoked responses in the cerebellar cortex during stimulation of posterior hypothalamus in anesthetized cats revealed activating as well as inhibitory influences on the cerebellar cortex. The mamillary med. nucleus seems to have monosynaptic as well as polysynaptic connections. The principal connections of the posterior hypothalamic nuclei are polysynaptic. The supramamillary nucleus has both oligosynaptic (to neocerebellar cortex) and polysynaptic (to vermal cortex) connections. PMID- 6804278 TI - Sperm specific antigen(s) in detergent extract of rhesus monkey spermatozoa. AB - Sperm surface antigens were prepared by detergent extraction (Hyamine-Triton, Rohm and Haas Co., Philadelphia, PA) of spermatozoa from rhesus monkeys. Heterologous antisera against the extracts were produced in female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits by hyperimmunization. The antiserum was absorbed initially with sperm-free monkey seminal plasma and then with lyophilized tissue homogenates of liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreas from male rhesus monkeys. The unabsorbed antiserum produced at least three precipitin lines against detergent extract in double immunodiffusion tests and possessed sperm immobilization and sperm agglutination antibody activity. The absorbed antiserum showed one precipitin line against the detergent extract and retained sperm agglutination antibody activity only. The sperm agglutination antibody in the absorbed antiserum was completely removed by either epididymal or washed ejaculated rhesus monkey spermatozoa. The same results were obtained with ammonium-sulfate precipitated immunoglobulin preparations. Immunoelectrophoresis revealed only one precipitation line with the absorbed immunoglobulin preparation. It is concluded that Hyamine-Triton extract of rhesus monkey spermatozoa contains a component which can be characterized as sperm-specific by immunoabsorption techniques and is apparently associated with sperm agglutination but not with immobilization. PMID- 6804277 TI - Circulating gonadotropin profile in severe cases of protein calorie malnutrition. AB - The circulating levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and prolactin (PRL) were studied in children of both sexes between 2 and 14 years of age who were suffering from severe protein calorie malnutrition (PCM), namely, kwashiorkor, marasmic kwashiorkor, and marasmus. LH and FSH levels in all the age groups and in all forms of PCM were found to be significantly lowered, thereby explaining the possible delay in the onset of puberty in these children. Circulating PRL levels, on the other hand, were significantly raised in all patients with PCM studied, with values in children with kwashiorkor and marasmic kwashiorkor higher than in children with marasmus, possibly accounting for the presence of edema in the former cases. The present work, therefore, proposes a possible correlation between gonadotropin levels and PCM in children. PMID- 6804279 TI - [Tissue chemoreceptors]. AB - Intraarterial administration of acids or perfusion with solutions inducing acidosis in the small intestine tissue, increase the afferent impulsation in the splanchnic nerves as well as the arterial pressure in anesthetized cats. Threshold concentrations of lactic and carbonic acids don't exceed, at that, their normal contents in the blood and tissues. Similar data were obtained in perfusion of the small intestine with blood of a donor animal whose acid- alkaline balance (AAB) was altered. The tissue receptors were found to be more sensitive to the metabolic rather than respiratory acidosis, due to different alteration of of the intratissue pH. Sensitivity of the skeletal muscles' chemoreceptors proved somewhat lower as compared with the small intestine receptors. Nevertheless, the threshold shifts of the AAB parameters in the m. gastrocnemius perfusion developed within the normal range. The changes of minute volume of ventilation revealed the possibility of tissue receptors participation in the reflex control of respiration as well. The data on adequate sensitivity of the tissue receptors to terminal products of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism: carbonic and lactic acids, once more corroborate V. N. Tchernigosky's ideas of the tissue chemoreceptors as a special class of receptor structures providing the c.n.s. with necessary information on intensity of the tissue metabolism. PMID- 6804281 TI - [Comparative characteristics of respiratory and circulatory changes in acutely hyperthermic cats]. AB - During three-hour heating, cats revealed two phases of changes in respiratory and circulatory systems: the compensatory phase corresponding to a moderate hyperthermia (rectal temperature 39.4 +/- 0.17 degrees C) and the decompensatory one developing at rectal temperature over 39.9 +/- 0.15 degrees C. In the first phase the alveolar ventilation, oxygen consumption, excretion of CO2 and one minute respiratory volume increase to the same extent as the one-minute blood volume, the increased metabolism and heat production occurring against the background of the blood acid-alkaline homeostasis. In the second phase an imbalance of functions of respiratory and circulatory systems occurs leading to a decrease in the one-minute blood volume, an increase in the alveolar ventilation lung blood flow ratio, a sharp drop of the pulmonary gas exchange and a respiratory alkalosis. PMID- 6804282 TI - [Relation between para-aminohippurate secretion and glucose reabsorption in the kidney]. PMID- 6804284 TI - Regeneration following duplication of imaginal wing disc fragments of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6804286 TI - Carbon dioxide reversibly inhibits meiosis of Xenopus laevis oocyte and the appearance of the maturation promoting factor. PMID- 6804283 TI - Correlation among the changes in the levels of thyroid hormones, thyrotropin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone during the development of Xenopus laevis. AB - The influence of thyroid hormones on neurogenesis suggested that these hormones might affect the maturation and development of neural centers which ultimately regulate thyroid function. Changes in the levels of the thyroid hormones, thyrotropin and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone in 'brain' and 'thyroid' fractions were, therefore, correlated at several developmental stages. All hormones showed increases from their initial detection through metamorphosis. The thyroid hormones were observed earliest in both fractions. These data are consistent with the notion that thyroid hormones influence the maturation of the particular neural regions whose later function is the regulation of the hypophyseal-thyroid axis. PMID- 6804285 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of Drosophila genes and their expression during embryonic development and in primary muscle cell cultures. PMID- 6804287 TI - The role of the transformer genes in the development of genitalia and analia of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6804289 TI - Cell fusion, nuclear fusion, and zygote differentiation during sexual development of Dictyostelium discoideum. PMID- 6804290 TI - The monitoring of antigen levels during inactivated poliovirus vaccine production: evaluation of filtration techniques. AB - The use of ELISA to estimate poliovirus antigen concentration has permitted an evaluation of the methodology used in vaccine production and allowed exploration of less wasteful filtration-techniques. The replacement of Seitz-EKS-1B filtration with either Seitz-Supra-EKS or Pall-filtration in the preparation of the vaccine could make a large saving in the total antigen yield, but the results in the safety test excluded their possible use in our process as it stands at the moment. PMID- 6804288 TI - The effect of 20-hydroxyecdysone on synthesis of chromosomal and cytosol proteins in imaginal discs. PMID- 6804291 TI - Tumorigenicity of continuous monkey cell lines in in vivo and in vitro systems. AB - One of the major considerations on the acceptability of a cell substrate for vaccine production concerns the potential malignancy of those cells. Consequently, we tested a variety of continuous monkey cell lines for tumorigenicity in the immunosuppressed newborn rat and immunosuppressed nonhuman primate and in the chick embryonic skin organ culture. Two positive control tumor cell lines produced progressive tumors in both in vivo systems as well as occasional metastases in the rat. The continuous monkey cell lines did not produce progressively growing tumors in the two in vivo models. However, LLC-MK2, produced occasional microscopic tumors in the nonhuman primate and newborn rat as well as lung metastases in the newborn rat test. In the organ culture assay LLC MK2 demonstrated proliferative and invasive characteristics similar to the positive tumor lines whereas three other monkey lines were similar to secondary monkey kidney cells. PMID- 6804292 TI - Use of the ATG-treated newborn rat for in vivo tumorigenicity testing of cell substrates. AB - The ATG-treated newborn rat proved to be a sensitive model for tumorigenicity testing of cell substrates. HeLa cells in this model formed progressively growing tumors that regularly metastasized. Other cell types, among them third passage normal monkey kidney cells and Vero cells, gave rise to small cell nodules at the site of inoculation. These nodules were non-progressive in growth and did not metastasize. PMID- 6804293 TI - Community outreach in long-term care. PMID- 6804294 TI - Branched-chain amino acids and alanine as indices of the metabolic control in type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. AB - Alterations in plasma branched-chain amino acids (valine, isoleucine and leucine) and alanine have been described in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who have poor metabolic control. To assess the relevance of these abnormalities as indices of metabolic control, we sequentially evaluated plasma amino acids in 14 poorly controlled diabetics (seven Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and seven Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) patients) until good control was achieved. The sum of branched-chain amino acids in both groups of uncontrolled diabetic patients was significantly increased compared with the values for the same subjects in good metabolic control. No statistically significant differences were present between ketotic and non-ketotic uncontrolled patients. The amelioration of the diabetic state with either insulin treatment or oral hypoglycaemic agents, reduced progressively branched-chain amino acids. The sum of valine, isoleucine and leucine strictly correlated with daily urinary glucose (r = 0.73), but less well with fasting blood glucose (r = 0.43), non-esterified fatty acids (r = 0.46) and glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.38). Alanine did not show any statistically significant differences at various stages of diabetic control. Branched-chain amino acids, but not alanine, may be used as indices of short-term diabetic control. PMID- 6804295 TI - Amino acid conjugation of N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene dyes: a possible activation process of carcinogenic 4-aminoazobenzene dyes to the ultimate mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites. AB - The activation process of N-hydroxy-4-aminoazobenzene (N-OH-AAB) dyes, proximate mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites of AAB dyes, to the ultimate mutagenic or carcinogenic metabolites was studied by the use of an amino acid conjugation (aminoacylation) system catalyzed by yeast seryl-tRNA synthetase and [3H]ATP. A potent mutagen, N-hydroxy-3-methoxy-AAB (N-OH-3-MeO-AAB), as well as a non mutagen, N-OH-2-MeO-AAB, were equally susceptible to N-O-serine conjugation. A weak mutagen, N-OH-AAB, and a moderate mutagen, N-OH-2,5-diMeO-AAB, were also susceptible to the aminoacylation, but to a lesser extent than the 2- or 3 methoxyl homologs. In contrast, N-hydroxy-N-methyl-4-aminoazobenzene and a moderate mutagen, N-OH-4'-MeO-AAB, were not susceptible to the aminoacylation. The ability of these N-OH-AAB dyes to bind with nucleic acid after serine conjugation was proportional to the susceptibility of the dyes to serine conjugation. Serine conjugates of N-OH-AAB dyes reacted with poly G, but not with poly A, poly C or poly U, suggesting that the azo dyes selectively bind with guanine base of nucleic acids. The susceptibility of N-OH-AAB dyes to aminoacylation was compared with the carcinogenic, mutagenic and unscheduled DNA synthesis-inducing activities of these and the mother AAB dyes. PMID- 6804296 TI - Antitumor activity of 7-n-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C in experimental tumor systems. AB - The antitumor activity of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (M-83) was compared with that of mitomycin C (MMC) in rodent tumor systems. M-83 exhibited more potent activity than MMC against the ascitic form of lymphocytic leukemia P388 and fibrosarcoma Meth 1, and doses of over 5 mg/kg of M-83 (1/6 LD50) resulted in some 60-day survivors. The chemotherapeutic ratio (optimal dose/MED) of M-83 was around 64 and was estimated to be approximately 5 to 8 times higher than that of MMC. Upon intravenous administration, M-83 also gave a better survival and showed a higher chemotherapeutic ratio than MMC against intravenously implanted P388. M 83 inhibited the growth of solid form of sarcoma 180 to the same extent as MMC at an equivalent dose, but showed a higher safety margin than MMC. M-83 was as effective as MMC against Lewis lung carcinoma at dose levels giving the same degree of toxicity. In vitro studies on tumor growth inhibition demonstrated that the cytotoxic effects of M-83 against leukemia P388 and fibrosarcoma Meth 1 cells were similar to and stronger than those of MMC, respectively. PMID- 6804297 TI - Comparison of the hematologic toxicity of 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl),-mitomycin C and mitomycin C. AB - 7-N-(p-Hydroxyphenyl)-mitomycin C (M-83), a new analog of mitomycin C (MMC) with equivalent or greater antitumor potencies against various experimental tumors, was investigated to determine its hematologic toxicity in mice. M-83 showed a significantly lower toxicity than MMC with respect to myelosuppression and leukopenia when compared at equivalent effective doses. In M-83-treated mice, the damage to the bone marrow was much milder at the nadir point and the recovery from myelosuppression to the normal level was faster as compared with that in the case of MMC. As a result, the number of white blood cells in the peripheral blood of the M-83-treated groups was considerably greater than that in the MMC-treated ones. These findings suggest that M-83 may be effective in clinical use. PMID- 6804299 TI - Colonic lymphoma producing alpha-chain disease protein. AB - Alpha-chain disease with involvement of small intestine-resulting in characteristic villus atrophy and malabsorption has not been reported in this country. We studied a 57-yr-old male who presented with a polypoid tumor of the hepatic flexure of the colon. There was no evidence of malabsorption as manifested by a normal fat balance, serum carotene, and D-xylose absorption studies and the small bowel biopsy did not show villus atrophy. The tumor in the colon was surgically removed and diagnosed as a malignant lymphoma of lymphocytic type. Tumor tissue infiltrated in the mesentery could not be excised. Alpha-chain disease protein was demonstrated in serum and urine, and also in tumor tissue by immunoperoxidase techniques. The alpha-chain disease protein was further purified and classified as subclass 1. The patient had a good clinical response to cyclophosphamide and prednisone, but still has intraabdominal lymphoma with gastric involvement, and his serum alpha-chain protein persists. This case report may represent a distinct variant of alpha-chain disease. PMID- 6804298 TI - Two cases of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with gastrointestinal complications. AB - Gastrointestinal complications of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (E-D syndrome) reported in Japan during the 15 years between 1965 and 1979 were reviewed together with two cases of our own. The incidence of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage was only in one case, but this complication was severe enough to cause death. Mild complications of the E-D syndrome were inguinal hernia, umbilical hernia, and intestinal diverticulum. Fragility of tissues and a tendency to bleed were noted, and these led to difficulty in surgical treatment of this disease. We emphasized the necessity for careful observation of these complications. PMID- 6804301 TI - Null allele frequencies at allozyme loci in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have sampled a London population of Drosophila melanogaster for null alleles at twenty-five allozyme loci. The same loci and biochemical techniques were used as in our previous survey of a North Carolina population (Voelker et al. 1980). This second survey is completely concordant with the first. No nulls were detected among the five X-linked loci. The mean frequency of nulls at the twenty autosomal loci was 0.0023. Although there is significant interlocus heterogeneity, the two populations appear to have the same frequencies at each locus. This suggests that null alleles at these allozyme loci are in mutation selection balance, and we estimate the average heterozygous effect of an allozyme null to be 0.0015. Consideration of allozyme null-allele frequencies, the effects of allozyme null alleles on viability and fertility and the generally greater amount of genetic variability at allozyme loci determined by electrophoresis lead us to doubt the validity of generalizing from allozyme data to the whole genome. PMID- 6804302 TI - Male-sterilizing interactions between duplications and deficiencies for proximal X-chromosome material in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The genetic limits of sixty-four deficiencies in the vicinity of the euchromatic heterochromatic junction of the X chromosome were mapped with respect to a number of proximal recessive lethal mutations. They were also tested for male fertility in combination with three Y chromosomes carrying different amounts of proximal X chromosome-derived material (BSYy+, y+Ymal126 and y+Ymal+). All deficiencies that did not include the locus of bb and a few that did were male-fertile in all male viable Df(1)/Dp(1;Y) combinations. Nineteen bb deficiencies fell into six different classes by virtue of their male-fertility phenotypes when combined with the duplicated Y chromosomes. The six categories of deficiencies are consistent with a formalism that invokes three factors or regions at the base of the X, one distal and two proximal to bb, which bind a substance critical for precocious inactivation of the X chromosome in the primary spermatocyte. Free duplications carrying these regions or factors compete for the substance in such a way that, in the presence of such duplications, proximally deficient X chromosomes are unable to command sufficient substance for proper control of X-chromosome gene activity preparatory to spermatogenesis. We conclude that there is no single factor at the base of the X that is required for the fertility of males whose genotype is otherwise normal. PMID- 6804300 TI - Autosomal factors with correlated effects on the activities of the glucose 6 phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Isogenic lines, in which chromosomes sampled from natural populations of C. melanogaster are substituted into a common genetic background, were used to detect and partially characterize autosomal factors that affect the activities of the two pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD). The chromosome 3 effects on G6PD and 6PGD are clearly correlated; the chromosome 2 effects, which are not so great, also appear to be correlated, but the evidence in this case is not so strong. Examination of activity variation of ten other enzymes revealed that G6PD and 6PGD are not the only pair of enzymes showing a high positive correlation, but it is among the highest in both sets of lines. In addition, there was some evidence that the factor(s) affecting G6PD and 6PGD may also affect two other metabolically related enzymes, transaldolase and phosphoglucose isomerase.- Rocket immunoelectrophoresis was used to estimate specific CRM levels for three of the enzymes studied: G6PD, 6PGD and ME. This experiment shows that a large part of the activity variation is accounted for by variation in CRM level (especially for chromosome 3 lines), but there remains a significant fraction of the genetic component of activity variation that is not explained by CRM level.- These results suggest that the autosomal factors are modifiers involved in regulation of the expression of the X-linked structural genes for G6PD and 6PGD, but a role in determining part of the enzymes' primary structure cannot be excluded with the present evidence. PMID- 6804304 TI - Techniques for manipulating chromosomal rearrangements and their application to Drosophila melanogaster. I. Pericentric inversions. AB - Techniques have been developed for manipulating pericentric inversions in Drosophila that are based on the lethality of grossly aneuploid zygotes and the existence of recombinationally interconvertible genotypes for any heterozygous inversion complex: males of some of these genotypes will produce only aneuploid sperm, which can be used to rescue complementary aneuploid ova and selectively recover recombinational derivatives of inversions. Markers can be recombined into inversions through a sequence of selected single exchanges, and a novel type of duplication can be synthesized from overlapping inversions that has the characteristics of both insertional and tandem duplications; there are also applications to half-tetrad analyses.--Two cytogenetic screens are developed: (1) the dominant lethality of a large insertional-tandem duplication can be reverted by deletional events that give rise to net deficiencies or duplications, and (2) deficiencies and tandem duplications in proximal regions can be selectively recovered as the results of unequal exchanges within an inversion loop. Recombinants have been recovered between breakpoints separated by distances of as little as fifty bands, arguing against the existence of some small number of sites necessary for the initiation of recombinational pairing. In several instances, hyperploids for four to six numbered divisions were observed to be fertile in both sexes. PMID- 6804303 TI - The action of the notchlocus in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Biochemical effects of recessive lethals on mitochondrial enzymes. AB - We show that six mapped recessive lethal point mutations of the Notch locus affect mitochondrial enzyme activities: NADH oxidase, NADH dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The mutant N264 40, which has the same morphological and embryological effects as the Notch8 deletion, demonstrates the same biochemical effects and dosage relations as Notch8. The other five mapped recessive lethals also affect four enzymic activities. They show specific patterns of activity that depend in several cases on the wild-type chromosome in the heterozygous females. That effect occurs with mutants located in the extreme right part of the Notch locus where some mutations, according to other authors, show temperature-sensitive expression. PMID- 6804305 TI - Deletion analysis of the tumorous-head (tuh-3) gene in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - In the presence of the naturally occurring maternal-effect alleles tuh-1h or tuh 1g, the tuh-3 mutant gene can cause the tumorous-head trait or the sac-testis trait. The tuh-3 gene functions as a semidominant in the presence of the tuh-1h maternal effect. Eye-antennal structures are replaced by posterior abdominal tergites and genital structures. If tuh-1h is replaced by its naturally occurring allele tuh-1g, tuh-3 functions as a recessive hypomorph and the defect switches from anterior to posterior structures, with a male genital-disc defect appearing with variable penetrance. Function and regulation of tuh-3+ may better be understood in light of the cytological localization of tuh-3 either adjacent to or as part of the bithorax complex. The tuh-3+ gene product appears to be essential for normal development, at least in the posterior end of the embryo. PMID- 6804306 TI - [Plasmid transformation and transduction in different rec-mutants of Bacillus subtilis]. AB - The ability of different Bacillus subtilis rec mutants for transformation and transduction by plasmid DNA and influence of these mutations on plasmid recombination was studied. The efficiency of plasmid transformation was found to be decreased in most cases. Plasmid transduction depended slightly on any rec mutation in recipient cells. When rec mutants carrying pUB110 plasmid were transformed with pBD12 DNA which is homologous to the resident plasmid, different values fo "marker rescue" were observed. Several strains demonstrate the effect similar to that in recombination-proficient strains, while others exhibit the decreased values or no effect at all. These results indicate that plasmid and chromosomal recombination have common recombinational steps, though there are also some differences in both types of recombination. PMID- 6804307 TI - Office clues to diabetes problems. PMID- 6804308 TI - Recent advances in Dx and Rx of esophageal disease. PMID- 6804310 TI - Technical hazards of using nutritive mixtures in bags for cyclical intravenous nutrition: comparison with standard intravenous nutrition in 48 gastroenterological patients. AB - Three methods for dispensing nutritional solutions are compared in 48 patients with gastrointestinal diseases on intravenous nutrition during 3582 days. The protocol for intravenous nutrition applied by the nursing team and the solutions used were the same in the three groups. In group A standard bottles were used, while in group B, 31PVC-disposable bags were used--with fat emulsion included (group B1) or with fat excluded (group B2). When fat was excluded from the bags it was infused separately from a bottle. The mixtures were made under laminar flow by the nursing team who applied a strict protocol which included bacteriological testing. The infection rate observed in the bags was 0.046%. The rate of septic complications was not significantly reduced in group B2 or B1 compared with group A; the type of container used was therefore unimportant and the key was the aseptic handling of the intravenous solutions. The rate of mechanical complications, mainly due to catheter obstruction, was higher (p less than 0.001) when fat was included in the bags--that is, in group B1--than in groups B2 and A. For 26 patients a cyclical regime of intermittent feeding was easier to manage when bags were used. In group B, this system replaced the continuous method n 75% of all therapeutic days without adverse effect; it improved compliance and allowed ambulatory treatment. The use of cyclical feeding with separate fat infusions has further reduced the hazards of intravenous nutrition and allowed the development of a programme that can be implemented at home. PMID- 6804309 TI - Long-term follow-up of acute and chronic non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: evidence of progression to liver cirrhosis. AB - The long-term outcome of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis was evaluated in 21 patients who developed the illness after open-heart surgery and could be followed thereafter up to five years. Histological chronic sequelae were documented in 13 patients, and consisted of chronic persistent hepatitis in one case, chronic lobular hepatitis in two and chronic active hepatitis in 10, five of whom also developed superimposed cirrhosis. Progression to these chronic states was in most cases symptomless, independently of the severity of liver lesions; one patient, however, died of gastrointestinal bleeding due to cirrhosis of the liver. During follow-up the biochemical pattern of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was unique, while striking fluctuations of transaminase levels. Liver histology proved essential to identify the severity of chronic liver lesions, as clinical and biochemical features were uniform and not indicative of it. Our results suggest that cirrhosis may develop, often with an asymptomatic course, in a significant number of patients who do not recover after acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6804311 TI - Randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial of two dosages of sodium cromoglycate in treatment of varioliform gastritis: comparison with cimetidine. AB - Eighteen patients with diffuse varioliform gastritis were enrolled in a double blind, placebo-controlled trial of sodium cromoglycate, 200 mg a day, and sodium cromoglycate, 400 mg a day, for 28 days. An additional six patients were treated with cimetidine 1 g daily for 28 days. The improvement in terms of patient's subjective assessment, endoscopic assessment, and immunohistochemical measurements of IgE cells in the mucosa was significantly greater in patients given sodium cromoglycate than that in those given cimetidine or placebo. The results provide evidence that type 1 hypersensitivity plays some part in the pathogenesis of varioliform gastritis. It is, therefore, important to differentiate this condition from other types of gastritis, as treatment with sodium cromoglycate appears to be affective. PMID- 6804312 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function in severe human chronic renal failure. AB - Patients with chronic renal failure have an abnormal immunoreactive gastrointestinal hormone profile, which is characterised by raised fasting serum concentrations of hormones that have antagonistic effects on exocrine pancreatic function. In addition, in this present study we have found that in renal insufficiency cholecystokinin disappears slowly from the plasma after a constant intravenous infusion of the hormone (p = 0.05 compared with healthy subjects). To evaluate whether the stimulatory or inhibitory hormones have a predominant effect, pancreatic exocrine function under conditions of mannitol perfusion of the duodenum and continuous intravenous cholecystokinin stimulation was studied in eight patients who had severe chronic renal failure and eight age-matched and sex-matched control subjects. Compared with healthy subjects, patients with renal insufficiency had hypersecretion of trypsin in response both to mannitol perfusion of the duodenum and to cholecystokinin stimulation (p less than 0.05). No significant differences in lipase secretion were noted between the patients with renal insufficiency and control subjects. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that, of the abnormally raised fasting serum concentrations of gastrointestinal hormones found in renal insufficiency, hormones that stimulate rather than inhibit pancreatic exocrine function predominate. Secondly, the dissociation between trypsin and lipase outputs in chronic renal failure may suggest a differential trophic influence of stimulatory hormones -- that is, hypercholecystokininaemia -- on pancreatic exocrine enzyme secretion. PMID- 6804317 TI - Progesterone receptor in granulosa cell tumor. PMID- 6804316 TI - The role of ovarian transposition in conservation of ovarian function in radical hysterectomy followed by pelvic radiation. PMID- 6804315 TI - Interaction of glucagon and pentagastrin on pepsin secretion in healthy subjects. AB - The effect of pentagastrin in step-wise increasing doses of 0 . 02, 2 . 0 and 20 nmol/kg/h (0 . 01, 1 . 0, and 10 . 0 micrograms/kg/h) on pepsin and acid secretion was studied in seven healthy subjects. The study was repeated on another day during infusion of glucagon in a dose of 103 pmol/kg/h (0 . 36 micrograms/kg/h) which results in plasma-glucagon concentrations comparable with those seen after a protein-rich meal. Pepsin output was maximal after 0 . 2 nmol/kg/h (0 . 1 microgram/kg/h) of pentagastrin and 20 nmol/kg/h (10 micrograms/kg/h) resulted in a marked decrease. The dose of pentagastrin required for half-maximal pepsin output was less than 0 . 1 nmol/kg/h (0 . 05 micrograms/kg/h). When the study was repeated during infusion of glucagon, the dose-response curve was shifted to the right. The highest pepsin output was obtained with 20 nmol/kg/h (10 micrograms/kg/h) of pentagastrin and D50 increased to well over 1 microgram/kg/h. The dose of pentagastrin required for half-maximal acid secretion was about 0 . 3 nmol/kg/h (0 . 15 micrograms/kg/h) indicating that the sensitivity of the chief cells to pentagastrin is more than three times that of the parietal cells. PMID- 6804313 TI - Adaptative response of alpha- and beta-glucosidase kinetics along the villi of rat self-filling jejunal blind loops. AB - Four and 12 days after the construction of self-filling jejunal blind loops in the rat, the apparent Km- and Vmax-values of lactase/beta-glucosidase and neutral alpha-glucosidase were determined by in-situ quantitative enzyme histochemistry, and changes in the villus-crypt architecture of the mucosa were examined by microdissection. The results were compared with corresponding data from sham operated controls. The kinetics data were obtained from the base and the transition zone between medium and apical villus third by the use of a microdensitometric technique. The apparent Vmax of lactase/beta-glucosidase is significantly smaller than in the control rats at both measuring sites of the villi and even decreases from day 4 to day 12. The apparent Vmax of neural alpha glucosidase is not affected, and thus the same increase in enzyme activity along the villi as in the controls is observed. The apparent Km of this enzyme, however, is already significantly increased on day 4 at both villus positions in the blind loops. A pronounced increase in villus surface area is detected in the blind loops as a result of an increase in crypt cell proliferation. The results indicate that enzymatic adaptation in the self-filling blind loops of rat jejunum exhibits different patterns for brush border alpha- and beta-glucosidases and is at least in part accomplished independently of the pronounced mucosal transformation occurring in this experimental condition. PMID- 6804314 TI - Alpha heavy chain disease lacking secretory alpha chain, with cobblestone appearance of the small intestine and duodenal ulcer demonstrated by endoscopy. AB - Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies of the small intestine are described in a Japanese patient with alpha heavy chain disease who had a history of colonic ulcers. Endoscopic examinations revealed multiple gastric erosion, duodenal ulcer, and a thickened, cobblestone-like pattern composed of small nodules in the duodenum and jejunum, which was similar in appearance to Crohn's disease. An electron microscopic study showed that the numerous, infiltrated cells in the jejunal lamina propria were matured plasma cells with atypical structure of the organelles. These plasma cells had alpha heavy chain protein devoid of light chain. Although secretory component was demonstrated normally in the epithelial cells by immunofluorescent methods, no association of this component with alpha heavy chain protein could be observed in any of the plasma and epithelial cells of this case. These facts suggest the absence of secretory alpha chain or secretory IgA, and a deficiency of the mucosal secretory immune system in this patient. PMID- 6804321 TI - Changes in the activity of antiepileptic drugs upon repeated administration. PMID- 6804318 TI - [Viral hepatitis and pregnancy]. PMID- 6804322 TI - Clinico-electroencephalographic correlations in infants of mothers with toxicoses in late pregnancy. PMID- 6804320 TI - Changes in antithrombin III activity in the various clinical forms of viral hepatitis. PMID- 6804323 TI - Chemical burns of the esophagus in children. PMID- 6804324 TI - Studies on the etiological role of Tr. vaginalis in chronic prostatitis, and efficiency of the diagnostic methods employed. PMID- 6804325 TI - Electron microscope study of renal lesions in nail-patella syndrome. PMID- 6804326 TI - Treatment of traumatic periodontitis in children and teenagers using Furin-M. PMID- 6804327 TI - Reference values of antithrombin III and plasminogen and their distribution patterns. PMID- 6804330 TI - The contribution of basketball to the development of some psychological qualities of professional relevance. PMID- 6804329 TI - Marginal leakage of obturations with composite materials and silicate cements- comparative experimental study. PMID- 6804319 TI - [Female urethral diverticulum]. PMID- 6804331 TI - Diagnostic and prognostic value of colpocytosmears in threatened abortion in the first half of pregnancy. PMID- 6804332 TI - Personal experience with cryotherapy as a pretreatment procedure in patients undergoing rehabilitation for elbow joint contractures. PMID- 6804328 TI - Possibilities of DMSO application in the prophylaxis against periodontopathies -- experimental and clinical studies. PMID- 6804333 TI - EEG study on the effect of anticonvulsant prophylaxis in enterovirus 71 induced morbid conditions. PMID- 6804334 TI - The effect of music on brain electrical activity and hemodynamics and on some vegetative parameters. PMID- 6804335 TI - The effect of physical exertion on experimentally induced gastric ulcer in white rats. PMID- 6804336 TI - Development and scientific research activity achievements in the higher medical institute "I. P. Pavlov" - Plovdiv. PMID- 6804338 TI - Hemodialysis effect on the biosynthesis of porphyrins. PMID- 6804339 TI - Liver carboxylesterase in the serum of viral hepatitis patients. PMID- 6804337 TI - Effect of a series of phenyl-ethyl-piperazine derivatives on the autonomic nervous system and arterial pressure - a screening investigation. PMID- 6804340 TI - Functional changes in the a. carotis communis system resulting from dental extraction trauma and their treatment. PMID- 6804341 TI - The first weeks of cohabitation of newly-formed heterosexual pairs of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - 16 pairs of common marmosets were formed, six of which were observed for 7 weeks, and ten for 4 weeks. A variety of behaviours was recorded, including sexual mounting, male tongue-smacking, female slit-eyed tongue-flicking, scent marks, huddling, allogrooming and autogrooming. Behaviours associated with sexual encounters occurred initially at high levels but declined during the study period. The incidence of sexual mounting was closely related to that of male tongue-smacking and female slit-eyed tongue-flicking. Other social behaviours including scent-marking and allogrooming did not show a consistent pattern of occurrence with respect to time or sexual activity. PMID- 6804342 TI - A review of current concepts on the evolution of the human foot. AB - This paper reviews a number of recent advances in understanding the evolution of the human foot. The foot has gradually changed from the grasping and clinging organ of early Eocene and Miocene primate ancestors to the specialized weightbearing structure of modern man. Recent studies have indicated that postcranial remains commensurate with the requirements of bipedal locomotion may have been present as far back as 3 1/2 million years ago in the forerunners of modern man known as the australopithecines. Subsequent modifications appear to be refinements to increase the efficiency of weight transmission in habitual bipedalism. PMID- 6804344 TI - [Changes in the expert's assessment of tuberculosis. Traditional medical attitudes in expert testimony must be brought in line with the reality of improved therapy and prognosis]. PMID- 6804343 TI - [Therapy of alcohol withdrawal delirium with a new hypnotic]. AB - The treatment of alcohol withdrawal symptoms which suddenly appear after an operation, is discussed. Therapy with etomidate as long term sedation is described. 500 mg of etomidate (125 mg circumflex or equal to 1 ml) soluted in 50 ml physiological saline was given by perfusor (0.6 - 0.8 mg/kg b.w./h). Therapy time lasted from 48 - 56 hours. The influence on respiration, circulation and laboratory report was investigated. We discuss the comparison in the advantage and disadvantage of this therapy to other medications. PMID- 6804345 TI - [Die Atiologie der Tuberculose. Facsimile of the original contribution by Robert Koch in "Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift" 10 April 1882]. PMID- 6804346 TI - [Robert Koch and his heritage. Conditions, consequences and current importance of a historical achievement for medicine and health policy]. PMID- 6804347 TI - Enzymatic cleavage of the epsilon-peptide bond in alpha- and epsilon-substituted glycyl- and phenylalanyl-lysine peptides. AB - Lysine peptides, X-Lys-OH (Formula: see text) were synthesized, following classic or non-classic routes. Some bacterial and mammalian enzymes, endo- and exo peptide hydrolases of the enzyme nomenclature type EC 3.4., were tested for their ability to split the epsilon-peptide bond in the above substrates. Kinetic constants (Km,kcat) were evaluated with leucine aminopeptidase from hog kidney and eye lens with aminopeptidase I from yeast. Aminopeptidase M (hog pancreas) and hog intestinal aminopeptidase were additionally examined for their Ki values with the above substrates in comparison to the classic protease substrate leucine p-nitroanilide. Especially the intestinal mucosa hydrolases are shown to be efficient in cleaving epsilon-peptide bonds. PMID- 6804348 TI - The long-term patient in the community: life style patterns and treatment implications. AB - A sample of 99 long-term patients at an urban community mental health-mental retardation center were interviewed to determine how they spent their time and their degree of happiness with their lives and the services they received at the center. More than half the patients were considered by center staff to be only mildly or moderately impaired, but as a group they were distinguished by low levels of educational, financial, and vocational achievement; only 13 per cent were working more than half time. Most of the patients considered themselves happy, but their life style was oriented toward health and social relationships and lacked a work-task orientation. The authors conclude that the patients' life style meshes closely with the orientation of the treatment system; neither places emphasis on achievement of noninterpersonal tasks or enhancement of a work orientation. The authors believe that many chronic users of community mental health services have the potential to work and that practically all could benefit from the ego-enhancing experiences resulting from the successful accomplishment of tasks and development of skills. Therefore they feel programming for long-term patients should address deficits in work and achievement motivation. PMID- 6804349 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of a behavioral program for geriatric inpatients. AB - A behaviorally oriented treatment program was developed for geriatric patients at a state psychiatric hospital, in an attempt to demonstrate that active treatment for the elderly can be both socially beneficial and economically wise. Outcome data indicated that the program was successful in decreasing the average length of hospital stay, decreasing the percentage of patients discharged to more dependent living settings than those from which they were admitted, and increasing placements to independent living settings. An economic analysis demonstrated benefit-to-cost ratios of between ten and 20 to one, depending on assumptions used. The authors believe that ratios were especially encouraging as they were calculated using conservative assumptions. PMID- 6804350 TI - Long-term care baseline survey fosters quality assurance. PMID- 6804351 TI - Cholera at the Harvey. PMID- 6804352 TI - Some clinical aspects of the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6804353 TI - A close look at the care of the elderly. PMID- 6804354 TI - Antimalarial combination available. PMID- 6804355 TI - Penicillin dose correction. PMID- 6804358 TI - ECG casebook: the case of the young woman with acute chest pain. PMID- 6804356 TI - Severe epigastric pain in a depressed woman. PMID- 6804357 TI - Recurrent febrile shock in an adolescent girl. PMID- 6804359 TI - Postoperative management of open heart surgery in infants and children. PMID- 6804360 TI - Diagnostic approaches to jaundice. PMID- 6804362 TI - The prevention and treatment of status asthmaticus. PMID- 6804365 TI - The histologic spectrum of the cutaneous mycobacterioses. AB - The authors examined the histopathology of cutaneous involvement in 31 cases of nonleprous mycobacterial infection. Cases include three patients with Mycobacterium kansasii infection, two with M. fortuitum infections, and one each with M. marinum and M. chelonei infections, as well as 18 with M. tuberculosis infections. In the remainder, species were not identified. The histopathologic picture was variable and often did not suggest mycobacterosis. The authors identified seven basic pathologic patterns of skin involvement: 1) abscess, 2) well-formed (tuberculoid) granulomas, 3) diffuse histiocytic infiltration, 4) panniculitis, 5) nonspecific chronic inflammation, 6) naked (sarcoidal) granulomas, and 7) rheumatoid-like nodules. Intermediate forms were also found. Some cases showed adnexal or epidermal involvement, while others showed variably distributed dermal infiltration. The results indicate that a wide variety of cutaneous, clinical, and histologic guises may be assumed by mycobacterial infections in normal and immunocompromised hosts. PMID- 6804363 TI - Warm-blooded fish? PMID- 6804364 TI - Morbidity and mortality in the aged. PMID- 6804361 TI - Subarachnoid hemorrhage: early detection and diagnosis. PMID- 6804366 TI - Antibodies conjugated to potent cytotoxins as specific antitumor agents. PMID- 6804367 TI - Interleukins and lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6804369 TI - Interleukin 1 and T cell activation. PMID- 6804368 TI - Interleukin 3: possible roles in the regulation of lymphocyte differentiation and growth. PMID- 6804371 TI - Effect of therapeutic intervention by nitroglycerin and propranolol on the extent of acute anterior myocardial infarction evaluated by precordial ST segment mapping. PMID- 6804370 TI - Mechanism of T cell activation: role and functional relationship of HLA-DR antigens and interleukins. PMID- 6804372 TI - Fibronectin associated with Clq in a Clq isolation procedure. AB - The complement component Clq, prepared by euglobulin precipitation of serum to which EDTA or EGTA had been added, contained fibronectin (FN) as detected by radioimmunoassay and immunodiffusion methods. The FN contents of the Clq preparations varied between 3 and 29% by weight of the Clq contents. Adsorptions of sera with polymerized IgG (an absorbent for Clq) in the presence or absence of EDTA removed all detectable Clq and between 12 and 95% of the FN. In a similar manner, adsorptions of sera and Clq preparations with insolubilized gelatin (to which FN will bind) reduced greatly or removed completely the FN component but also strikingly reduced the Clq contents. High salt concentration or the addition of EDTA did not alter the gelatin absorption results indicating that the association was not sensitive to high ionic condition and that Clq was equally bound as Clq or as the Cl complex. The results suggest that FN and Clq bind individually to both gelatin and IgG or that FN and Clq co-associate, accounting for removal of one component when the other is bound to its expected adsorbent. PMID- 6804373 TI - Molecular basis for the temperature-dependent insolubility of cryoglobulins. XII. Anomalous mobility of monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulin heavy chains accompanying polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. AB - When subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), the fully reduced and alkylated heavy chains isolated from three monoclonal IgG1 cryoimmunoglobulins exhibited various degrees of retardation in mobility when compared to noncryoglobulin references. The anomalous electrophoretic mobility was not correlated with the thermal magnitude of cryoprecipitation of the individual proteins. High sensitivity analytical gel filtration in 5 M guanidine-HCl failed to distinguish heavy chains of the cryoimmunoglobulins from noncryoglobulin references, suggesting that the proteins possess equivalent molecular weights. Other possible causes for the anomalous mobility such as atypical amino acid and carbohydrate composition, charge and quantitative SDS binding do not appear to be likely. It remains possible that the shape and/or charge of the SDS-protein complexes are unique. Examination of the gel electrophoretic mobility in SDS of fully reduced and alkylated Fab components suggests that the Fd portion of these proteins may be abnormal. The gel electrophoresis anomaly is the only atypical structural feature thus detected which is shared by these three monoclonal cryoimmunoglobulins. PMID- 6804375 TI - Both genetic background and environmental factors modify the phenotypic expression of H-2 associated genes participating in the polygenic control of antibody responsiveness to Salmonella antigens. AB - The genetic control of responsiveness to flagellar (f) and somatic (s) antigens of Salmonellae was studied in high (H) and low (L) lines of mice selected for the character 'antibody response to sheep erythrocytes'. The minimal immunogenic dose was, for the two antigens, lower in H than in L mice and the dominance of the responder phenotype was then greater in F1 hybrid females than in males. Genes associated with H-2 locus intervene in the responses to each antigen. Their expression was found to vary according to the conditions of immunization and to the sex. The quantifiable H-2 effect was measured in interline hybrids, i.e. on an heterogeneous genetic background equivalent to that of F2. In the case of the flagellar (f) antigen, the H-2 locus was responsible in secondary response for about 50% of the interline difference in the two sexes. In the primary response, the H-2 effect was only observed in females. It was smaller (25% of the interline difference) and independent of the antigen dose. In contrast, with somatic (s) antigen the H-2 locus did not intervene in the control of secondary response. The H-2 effect in the primary response was again only found in females. Unexpectedly, the allele linked to the H-2 phenotype of L mice had a more favourable effect on hybrid responsiveness than that linked to the phenotype of H mice. PMID- 6804376 TI - Biochemical evidence for multiple I-E Ia molecules. AB - Sequential immunoprecipitation and isoelectric focusing analyses with monoclonal I-E-specific antibodies presented in this paper indicate the existence of multiple I-E molecules. In sequential immunoprecipitations with 13-4 (anti-Ia.7) and 17-3-3 (anti-Ia.22) monoclonal antibodies, 17-3-3 only partially cleared I-E molecules immunoprecipitated by 13-4. Similarly, 13-4 monoclonal antibody only partially cleared I-E molecules precipitated by 17-3-3 monoclonal antibody. These results suggested a minimum of three I-E molecules. One I-E molecule expresses both 13-4 and 17-3-3 determinants, a second I-E molecule expresses only 17-3-3 determinants, and a third I-E molecule expresses only 13-4 determinants. Isoelectric focusing analyses of I-E molecules immunoprecipitated by 13-4 and 17 3-3 showed differences in both Ae beta polypeptide chains and E alpha polypeptide chains. The sequential immunoprecipitation and isoelectric focusing analyses presented in this paper can be explained by a model in which there are at least two separate Ae genes being encoded within the I-A subregion and two separate E alpha genes being encoded within the I-E subregion. The 17-3-3 monoclonal antibody would recognize a determinant on only one of two Ae beta polypeptide chains and the 13-4 monoclonal antibody would recognize a determinant on only one of two E alpha polypeptide chains. PMID- 6804378 TI - H-2 haplotypes of strains DBR7, B10.NZW, NFS, BQ2, STU, TO1, and TO2. PMID- 6804379 TI - TSH, LH, cortisol response to TRH and LH-RH and insulin hypoglycaemia in subjects practising transcendental meditation. PMID- 6804380 TI - Body weight--dose relationship of lithium carbonate in manics. PMID- 6804381 TI - Factor VIII deficiency diseases: an approach to laboratory diagnosis and management. PMID- 6804382 TI - [Varying utilization of glucose and sorbitol in drug-induced hypercortical metabolism]. AB - Utilisation of glucose and sorbitol in medically induced hypercorticalic states was investigated by means of the steroid-glucose-tolerance-test (SGTT) in 9 children, aged 6-16 years suffering from obesity and prediabetes. Prednisolone (1 mg/kg up to 20 mg) was applied 9 and 3 h prior to the loading tests. Blood samples were taken 0, 2, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after the onset of the loading tests. During the intravenous infusion of glucose (initial 0,33 g/kg followed by 12 mg/kg/min through 2 h) the mean blood glucose values increased from 103 +/- 15,5 to 388 +/- 96,6 mg/100 ml. Decrease of glycemia began delayed after 90 min, and did not approach the 180 min normal values in 3 of 9 patients. In analogous sorbitol-loading tests performed 2 to 6 days later blood glucose rose from 93 +/- 16,6 mg/100 ml to 129 +/- 28,7 mg/100 ml only. There was a significantly higher blood glucose level on SGTT as compared to steroid-sorbitol loading through the whole test period. Renal losses of glucose after SGTT as well as sorbitol losses after steroid-sorbitol loading amounted to approximately 14% of the doses supplied. The resulting data point to the advantages of combined glucose and non-glucose carbohydrate application for parenteral nutrition in medically induced and postoperative hypercorticalic states of metabolism. PMID- 6804383 TI - [Importance of lipid metabolism in the overcoming of trauma]. AB - We studied the pre- and postoperative lipid metabolism in 24 metabolically healthy surgical patients who had to undergo gastric resection during intravenous substitional infusion. Group I, n = 10, received 0,36 g/kg Bw x h of a carbohydrate mixture solution together with 1.14 g L-crystalline amino acids/kg Bw . day. Group II, n = 11, received 0.11 g Glucose/kg Bw x h; group group III, n = 13, received 0.11 g Xylitol/kg Bw x h. Both groups II and III received 1.71 g L crystalline amino acids/kg Bw x day. After the preoperative infusion period the free fatty acids fall significantly in all groups. beta-hydroxybutyrate falls on the operation-day in all groups also with no significance. Postoperatively the free fatty acid levels remain significantly reduced in all groups. From postoperative day 1 to 5 the FFA levels in group III are significantly higher compared with group I and II. From postoperative day 2 on beta-hydroxybutyrate levels rise in all groups. From postoperative day 1 on beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetacetate levels in group III are significantly higher compared with group I and II. In conclusion the hypocaloric postoperative infusion of xylitol directs fat metabolism to reasonable physiologic pathways. A short term postoperative hypercaloric nutrition seems inadequate in patients with normal body weight. PMID- 6804377 TI - Regulation of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis: mapping of susceptibility to the I-A subregion of the mouse H-2. PMID- 6804386 TI - Ontogeny of murine macrophages: functions related to antigen presentation. AB - Macrophage function in neonates was dissected into four components: antigen uptake and catabolism, cytotoxicity, antigen presentation, and the production of the lymphostimulatory molecule interleukin-1 (also called thymocyte mitogenic protein or lymphocyte-activating factor). The uptake and catabolism of 125I labeled Listeria monocytogenes was equivalent in macrophages from adult and neonatal mice. However, interactions between macrophages from neonates, heat killed Listeria organisms, and immune T lymphocytes were impaired, and no cytocidal macrophages capable of killing tumor cells were generated. Previous studies with cells from adult mice had established that the development of cytocidal macrophages required Ia-bearing, antigen-presenting macrophages and histocompatibility at I-A between macrophages and T cells. To circumvent this requirement for antigen-presenting macrophages, an assay was used in which lymphokine was added directly to the macrophages from neonates. Strong cytocidal activity resulted. Thus, our studies confirmed that macrophages from neonates present antigen poorly but can acquire cytocidal function provided that the need for antigen-presenting function is bypassed. Similar conclusions were reached for the secretion of interleukin-1. Macrophages from neonates spontaneously secreted as much mediator as macrophages from adults, and the secretion was increased after the ingestion of heat-killed Listeria organisms or endotoxin. However, the marked increase in interleukin-1 production that follows antigen-macrophage lymphocyte interaction was best seen in macrophages from adults. Macrophages from neonates could be activated to ingest C3b-coated sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6804388 TI - Purification and partial characterization of the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A procedure is described to isolate the major outer membrane protein (protein I) from Neisseria gonorrhoeae in large quantities. The method involves precipitation of protein I by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTB) at low ionic strength. CTB is lethal for the gonococci and solubilizes most other proteins. Protein I is brought into solution by raising the ionic strength, and the nucleic acids are subsequently removed by 20% ethanol precipitation. The CTB is removed by precipitating protein I with ethanol and replaced by N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3 ammonia-1-propanesulfonate, a dipolar ionic detergent. Further purification is accomplished by ion-exchange and molecular sieve chromatography. Two species of protein I (34,000 daltons [34K] and 32K) were purified by these methods. The purified proteins reacted with antisera prepared against the homologous organisms. The 34K proteins I generated proteolytic fragments upon treatment with trypsin and chymotrypsin similar to those generated by 34K protein in intact gonococci. The amino acid compositions of the three proteins were much like those of other major proteins of gram-negative organisms. PMID- 6804387 TI - Effect of pyochelin on the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - A virulent isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, which had been obtained from eight sequential intraperitoneal infections in mice compromised with iron and methotrexate, expressed greater lethality than the avirulent parent strain when both strains were injected into mice treated with iron. The present study demonstrates that pyochelin, a siderophore produced by P. aeruginosa, also increases the lethality of the virulent bacteria but not of the avirulent bacteria. Analysis of the growth and clearance of both virulent and avirulent strains in mice revealed that pyochelin increased the growth and lethality of virulent bacteria but only increased the survival of the avirulent bacteria. A streptomycin-dependent mutant of strain PAO1 (strd1) was used to demonstrate that pyochelin did not affect the clearance activity of mice. This strongly suggests that the effects of pyochelin in stimulating the persistence of avirulent bacteria and in increasing the lethality of virulent bacteria are due solely to the promotion of bacterial growth. Since the virulent bacteria were equivalent to the avirulent bacteria in utilizing pyochelin during in vitro growth in the presence of transferrin, it appears that the stimulation of growth by pyochelin allows the expression of additional virulence properties by the virulent bacteria. PMID- 6804385 TI - [High-calorie parenteral nutrition with a complete solution in the postoperative phase]. AB - An investigation of the efficacy of a new developed solution for total parenteral nutrition with high substrate concentrations (3.5% amino acids, 21% carbohydrates as glucose and glucose substitutes, electrolytes) is presented. The solution was tested in 18 patients with major abdominal, thoracic or vascular surgery. The nutritional effect of the maintenance solution is shown to be good. There were no special or systemic side effects. Except for potassium remarkable corrections for the electrolyte requirements were not necessary. PMID- 6804389 TI - Side effects of immunization with liver attenuated Trypanosoma cruzi in mice and rabbits. AB - Immunity against lethal, bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma cruzi was achieved in mice by preinoculation of approximately equal to 10(5) culture epimastigotes of an attenuated T. cruzi strain (TCC). The risks of TCC inoculation in terms of pathogenicity or eventual increase in virulence of TCC progeny were evaluated. No pathogenic parasites could be selected from TCC progeny by either mouse, triatome, or culture passages. Immunizing doses of live TCC did not induce in adult mice alterations resembling chronic Chagas' disease, as judged by patterns of mortality, tissue damage, autoantibodies, or parasite recovery. On the basis of the same criteria, However, a remarkable similarity could be established between the disease caused in mice by inoculation of low numbers (10(2)) of pathogenic trypomastigotes and human chronic Chagas' disease. Although patent parasitemias were never revealed in fresh blood mounts obtained from TCC inoculated mice, a few hemocultures and xenodiagnoses gave positive results, particularly soon after inoculations at birth. The parasites recovered by either method remained in the attenuated, epimastigote stage. In rabbits, no local lesions, fever, weight loss, or histopathological alterations were detected after subcutaneous inoculation of 10(7) TCC organisms, although one fifth of the animals yielded positive hemocultures of epimastigotes. The contrasting host response to cultured epimastigotes as compared with blood trypomastigotes indicates that, in experimental Chagas' disease, immunoprotection is not necessarily associated with immunopathology. PMID- 6804384 TI - [The postoperative protein and energy metabolism during infusion therapy with high-calorie carbohydrate solutions, compared with low-calorie amino acid solutions]. AB - In a comparative study two infusion regimens applicable via the peripheral veins were examined with regard to their efficacy for the protein and energy metabolism. 20 male metabolically normal patients having undergone gastric resections were divided into 2 groups: Group I received a combined 17.2% carbohydrate solution containing no amino acids, group II received a combined 5% carbohydrate solution together with a 2.5% amino acid solution. In group I an optimal protein sparing was observed with significantly lower serum urea levels than preoperatively and in group II. The serum urea levels of group II showed a significant increase without exceeding the upper normal range and thus indicated partial utilization of amino acids for gluconeogenesis. Nevertheless, the nitrogen balances of the postoperative days 1-4 in group II were significantly improved in comparison with group I. The amino acid utilization in group II was therefore considerable despite increased gluconeogenesis. The concentration of free fatty acids in the serum of group II which was significantly increased during the postoperative days 1-5 suggested an enhanced endogenous production of energy by way of lipolysis. In group II the low-dosed supply of carbohydrates produced a correspondingly lower insulin secretion which on the one hand enabled increased lipolysis and on the other hand resulted in the utilization of carbohydrates in insulin-independent organs essential for glucose utilization. In contrast to group II there was found to be a significantly lower concentration of free fatty acids in the serum of group I because of insulin-induced reesterification rates and impaired lipolysis. PMID- 6804374 TI - Generation of chemotactic factor for granulocytes and monocytes from serum by fractions of Brucella abortus. AB - Several fractions isolated from Brucella abortus were examined for their ability to generate chemotactic factor from normal serum. Phenol phase lipopolysaccharides exhibited activity equivalent to that obtained with E. Coli lipopolysaccharide. A carbohydrate-rich aqueous methanol fraction was inhibitory at high concentrations, but a non-dialysable component of this fraction contained a potent stimulator of chemotactic activity. Protein-rich fractions from both strain 19 and strain 2308 were inactive. Preheating the serum at 56 degrees for 30 min prevented generation of chemotactic activity by the various fractions, suggesting a role for serum complement. No chemotactic activity was produced by Brucella fractions in C5-deficient DBA/2J mouse serum. PMID- 6804391 TI - Release of Mycoplasma pneumoniae substances after phagocytosis by guinea pig alveolar macrophages. AB - Antibody-opsonized Mycoplasma pneumoniae cells with various radioactive markers were sedimented onto monolayers of guinea pig alveolar macrophages (AM). After 2 h of incubation, about 50% of the activity of [3H]palmitate-labeled mycoplasmas was associated with AM. Nonspecific attachment of the opsonized mycoplasmas to AM free plastic surface areas was negligible. The occurrence of phagocytosis was proven by electron microscopy and monitoring of AM surface-bound antigen by 125I labeled F(ab)2 fragments. The activity of [3H]palmitic acid-labeled mycoplasmas was only slowly released into the supernatant. About 55% of the activity remained AM-associated up to 70 h after phagocytosis. After phagocytosis of [3H]thymidine labeled cells, about 70% of the radioactivity found non-precipitable by trichloracetic acid. 3H-amino acid-labeled protein was released to 50% within 8 h. Supernatants and AM were tested for M. pneumoniae antigen with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Considerable amounts of antigenically active material could be found in the supernatant within 8 h. This antigen was totally inactivated by heat (80 degrees C). Trypsin treatment (1 mg/ml, 10 min) reduced the antigenicity by 80%. The results suggest a selective release of microbial material after phagocytosis. PMID- 6804390 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi culture used as vaccine to prevent chronic Chagas' disease in mice. AB - The development of chronic pathology in mice at 2 to 10 months after inoculation of 10(2) T. cruzi trypomastigotes can be prevented by preimmunization with live, attenuated culture parasites (strain TCC). Swiss mice received one or three immunizing inoculations of 10(6) TCC organisms and were challenged with 10(2) Tulahuen blood trypomastigotes. Control groups received only the immunizing or the challenge inoculations. Immunized groups as compared with nonimmunized controls had lower mortality rates at 2 months postchallenge (9% versus 23%; P = 0.059), lower early peaks of parasitemia, lower percentages of positive xenodiagnoses at 5.5 months (40 versus 80%; P = 0.061), and lower incidences of tissue lesions in the skeletal muscle (P less than 0.005) at 2,6, and 10 months postchallenge. Tissue lesions in the heart and smooth muscle were also reduced, reaching statistical significance after 10 months (P less than 0.02). Chronic pathology parameters were never enhanced in preimmunized groups. In spite of the putative role that autoimmunity may play in the development of chronic chagasic lesions, the preventive effect of vaccination is readily exerted upon the chronic murine model of Chagas' disease. PMID- 6804392 TI - In vitro kinetics of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of gonococci by peritoneal macrophages from mice deficient in complement component 5. AB - Unstimulated resident peritoneal macrophages were harvested from complement sufficient (C5+) and complement-deficient (C5-) mice by peritoneal lavage and cultured for 14 h. Adherence to cover slips was determined, and the monolayer was infected with transparent T1 gonococci. At various times after infection, the macrophages were observed for both attachment and phagocytosis of the gonococci by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. this analysis indicated that C5+ macrophages were capable of immediate phagocytosis of gonococci, with maximal phagocytosis occurring by 60 to 90 min. In contrast, C5- macrophages had a greater lag time before initiation of phagocytosis; this event was started by 30 min and completed by 90 min. The intracellular gonococci which were phagocytized by either C5+ or C5- mice were completely killed after 30 min of incubation. It appears that C5- mice are at a disadvantage in the early kinetics of the phagocytosis of gonococci, but that this does not affect the ultimate intracellular destruction of gonococci. PMID- 6804393 TI - Anatomical and immunological responses of rabbit gallbladders to bacterial infections. AB - To study the sequential morphological and immunological response of the rabbit gallbladder to bacterial infection and to compare the inflammatory responses with different pathogens, gallbladders were infected with Streptococcus faecalis and two strains of Escherichia coli, one of which produced enterotoxin. Gallbladder infection was produced either by intravenously injecting bacteria into rabbits with a small liver infarct or by injecting bacteria directly into the gallbladder of normal rabbits. The percentage of gallbladders infected intravenously with a nonenterotoxigenic E. coli strain was 86% at 1 week, 70% at 3 weeks, and 15% at 6 weeks. Epithelial necrosis and leukocyte infiltration were prominent 1 week after infection. At 3 and 6 weeks after infection, there was crypt distortion and increased mucus secretion in the epithelium as shown by periodic acid-Schiff staining. The lamina propria was infiltrated with mononuclear cells, many of which were plasma cells. Myofibroblasts (contractile fibroblasts) were also identified on transmission microscopy, In addition to these changes, toxigenic E. coli produced subepithelial capillary dilation in the villus core. Morphological changes (excluding toxin-associated changes) were related to the duration of infection rather than to the specific species of infecting bacteria. Infected gallbladders studied by immunofluorescence had a greater than 50-fold increase in plasma cells compared with control cells. In addition, the number increased with the duration of infection. Immunoglobulin A cells were the major cell type in gallbladders infected by intravesical injection, whereas immunoglobulin G cells predominated in gallbladders infected intravenously. The gallbladder appears to mount a local immune response to bacterial infection. PMID- 6804394 TI - Bacteriophages in sputum of patients with bronchopulmonary Pseudomonas infections. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages were recovered from the sputum of patients with chronic P. aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infection. Host ranges of some of the phages are presented. PMID- 6804395 TI - Direct correlation between delayed footpad reaction and resistance to local bacterial infection. AB - The resistance to bacteria was studied at the site of delayed footpad reaction in mice immunized with Listeria monocytogenes. When a challenge injection of listeria was given into the footpad of immune mice, no enhancement of bacterial elimination was observed before the generation of delayed footpad reactivity. After the generation of delayed reactivity, an enhanced elimination of listeria or Salmonella typhimurium was observed only at the site of strongly positive delayed footpad reaction elicited with listerial antigen. Such an enhancement in bacterial elimination was also found at the site of delayed footpad reaction induced by immunization with heterologous erythrocytes. Both delayed footpad reaction and local resistance could be transferred locally by immune spleen cells in a dose-dependent fashion, but were completely abrogated when recipient mice were treated with carrageenan or whole-body X irradiation. Macrophage accumulation was an important factor in the expression of resistance at the reaction site. These results suggest that the delayed footpad reaction contributes to host defense by enhancing the local resistance to bacteria. PMID- 6804396 TI - Optimizing the dental delivery system. AB - This paper examines the application of information and principles derived from social science research to increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the dental care delivery system. Four major delivery system attributes are considered: the availability, accessibility, appropriateness and acceptability of care. The dentist to population ratio is a major determinant of the availability of dental care and many factors have to be considered in deciding on the appropriate number of dentists needed in a population. Optimum size of dental practices is another aspect of availability. The evidence suggests that practices with 2 or 3 dentists are more efficient than solo practices. However, large group practices appear only to be of equal or even less efficiency than small group practices. The accessibility of dental care is influenced by the geographical location of practices, the convenience of obtaining care during non-working hours, the reduction and dissemination of information on dental fees and, most importantly, the beliefs of people concerning their oral health status. The appropriateness of care concerns the impact of different services on improving oral health. Relatively little clinical research has been published on the costs and benefits of different dental services. The acceptability of dental care concerns both patients who visit the dentist and the larger society. Studies show that patients who visit the dentist are generally satisfied with the care they receive. Societal attitudes about the dental care system have not received much attention. Although social science research on the dental care delivery system is at an early stage of development, some data exist which are relevant to optimizing the practice of dentistry. PMID- 6804401 TI - Lumbosacral intradural tumours simulating disc disease. AB - Twelve patients with symptoms and signs simulating lumbar disc disease were found to have intradural tumours in the lumbosacral area. Of the nine patients with a neurofibroma, two had previously had a laminectomy for an erroneous diagnosis of disc herniation and one had three separate tumours which were excised in two successive operations. One of the three patients with an ependymoma had a coccygectomy before the correct diagnosis was made. Only one patient who had an ependymoma showed radiographic abnormalities suggesting a neoplastic lesion, but eight of the ten cases in which the cerebrospinal fluid was analyzed had a protein content of 50 mg per 100 ml. Myelography provided the correct diagnosis in all cases. Excision of the tumour resulted in full clinical recovery except for one patient with an ependymoma. PMID- 6804398 TI - A root canal disinfectant with reduced formaldehyde concentration. Cytotoxicity and anti-microbiol effectiveness under clinical conditions in monkey teeth. PMID- 6804399 TI - Collagen-anti-collagen complexes in rheumatoid arthritis sera. AB - Immune complexes (IC) were detected in rheumatoid sera by means of anti-antibody (AA) neutralization tests. The sera with rheumatoid factor (RF) that did not agglutinate human Rh+ erythrocytes sensitized by incomplete Rh antibodies, Ripley, could be tested in an AA neutralization test without any further treatment. On the other hand, 'Ripley-positive' sera had to be treated with 2 mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol in order to destroy RF. IC-containing sera were further studied for dispersion of IC by collagen. Surprisingly, roughly 50% of IC containing sera were affected by collagen in that they lost AA-neutralizing activity completely or partially. Significantly, very similar results were obtained with collagen type I, collagen type II and denatured collagen type II. It was concluded that these sera contained IC formed by denatured collagen and its antibodies. Further experiments were devoted to the study of the effect of collagen on reactions of RF with Ripley-sensitized erythrocytes. In several sera, the addition of collagen eliminated the prozone. This was interpreted as deblocking of RF due to the dispersion of the blocking IC by an excess of collagen. In other sera, the addition of collagen seemed to remove or block RF. This blocking effect was interpreted as a neutralization of multispecific RF by collagen. An alternative explanation proposed that collagen formed IC with free anti-collagen antibodies and that these IC blocked the RF. PMID- 6804400 TI - The increase of a normally occurring K cell population during progressive tumor growth in mice. AB - K cell activity of the spleen cells from normal and tumor-bearing mice was compared using an antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity assay. The K cell activity increased with progressive tumor growth (syngeneic) compared to the K cell activity of normal mice. The increase in K cell activity most likely reflected an increase in the numbers of K cells normally present in nontumor bearing mice rather than the emergence of a distinct population of K cells induced by the growing tumor. PMID- 6804397 TI - The cleansing of root canals. PMID- 6804404 TI - Carbohydrate intermediary metabolism in Hymenolepis microstoma (Cestoda). PMID- 6804402 TI - Immunogenetics of susceptibility to leprosy, tuberculosis, and leishmaniasis. An epidemiological perspective. AB - The literature on the genetic regulation of susceptibility in leprosy, tuberculosis, amd leishmaniasis is critically reviewed. Of the three groups of diseases, leprosy has received the most attention from the standpoint of human genetics. There is now evidence that genetic factors, some of them HLA-linked, play a role in tuberculoid leprosy. However, the evidence leaves considerable room for environmental determinants in addition to genetic background. Several twin studies of tuberculosis have favored some genetic factors in clinical tuberculosis, but their evidence is mitigated by the many biases underlying such studies. Though very little work has been done on the genetics of leishmaniasis in man, experimental studies in mice have begun to unravel mechanisms controlling successive steps in the course of both L. donovani and L. torpica infections. It is suggested that future work should concentrate on moving from genetics to biochemical genetics in the mouse, should extend family studies in conjunction with markers in man, and should place high priority on confirmation of reported leprosy type discordance among monozygous twins. PMID- 6804403 TI - Detection of externally induced impairments in single bacterial cells by laser microbe mass analysis. AB - Applying the laser microbe mass analyzer method (LAMMA), mass spectra (fingerprints) were taken from single bacterial cells not treated or treated with high temperature, X-irradiation, isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), or diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS). Spectra of treated cells ("M. lufu," M. tuberculosis H37Ra, E. coli) differ from those of controls in that the K+/Na+ ratio was smaller and in that the intensities of peaks with m/e greater than 100 were lower. From the results with M. leprae the possible application of this new method for monitoring the effectiveness of leprosy therapy is proposed. PMID- 6804405 TI - Molecular design of a cyclic heptapeptide to mimic the zinc-binding site of carbonic anhydrase. Synthesis and zinc-binding studies by 13C-and 1H-N.M.R. spectroscopy. AB - A cyclic heptapeptide [cyclo-(Gly-L-His-Gly-L-His-L-Gly-L-Gly)] was designed to mimic the Zn(II)-binding site of carbonic anhydrase. The cyclic heptapeptide was synthesized from the linear heptapeptide, Gly-L-His-Gly-L-His-Gly-L-His-Gly-OH, which in turn was obtained by coupling of the fragments, viz. BOC-Gly-L-His-Gly N3 and L-His-GLy-L-His-Gly-OBzlNO2 followed by deblocking of amino and carboxyl protecting groups. Conversion of the linear heptapeptide to the azide by treatment with diphenylphosphoryl azide was followed by cyclization in high dilution. A homogeneous material was isolated by counter-current distribution followed by gel filtration. It was found to be ninhydrin negative. The n.m.r. spectrum of the material upon integration indicated the proper ratios of various kinds of protons to be expected of the cyclic heptapeptide. A detailed 13C- and 1H-n.m.r. investigation was undertaken to determine the Zn(II)-binding ligands of the cyclic heptapeptide. The assignments for all the resonances were attempted by spin-decoupling method, pH and solvent effects, and by comparison of resonances of similar protons and carbons of model peptides. The n.m.r. titration results of the Zn(II) bound form of the cyclic peptide showed the presence of a 1:1 complex. Upon Zn(II)-binding, the changes in the chemical shift of the imidazole protons were relatively large, indicating that this ring is involved in the complexation. All the peptide -NH-resonances were observable and unaffected; consequently, none of these nitrogens can serve as a ligand. In the case of 13C resonances, addition of 1 equiv. of Zn(II) to the cyclic heptapeptide, te C(2), C(4), and C(5) carbon resonances of this group were dramatically affected and showed a very large change in chemical shift upon complexation. The results demonstrate that Zn(II) binds to all three imidazole residues of the designed cyclic heptapeptide. PMID- 6804406 TI - Evidence for the enzymic degradation of TRH-related pseudo-peptides by porcine serum and brain homogenate. AB - Pseudo-peptides (pGlu-His-amphetamine, pGlu-His-pro-Amphetamine and pGlu amphetamine) were subjected to enzymatic degradation by porcine serum and brain homogenate. The enzymic digests were (qualitatively) analyzed by the "Finger prints" technique to provide evidence for the presence of free pyroglutamic acid and also quantitatively by HPLC to provide evidence for the presence and yield of free amphetamine. The stability in vitro toward enzymes of serum and brain homogenate of a new type of drug based on the combination of a peptide moiety (TRH) with a non peptide psycho-tropic moiety (amphetamine) is also considered and discussed. PMID- 6804408 TI - The occurrence of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in the retina. AB - Insulin-degrading activity in the retina of cattle, rat, and rabbit has been studied. On the basis of activation by reduced glutathione, complete inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide, identification of one of the reaction products as the A chain of insulin, and reaction with antibody to purified beef pancreatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase, it is concluded that the insulin-degrading enzyme occurs in the retina. Preliminary studies showed that there is no difference in the levels of enzyme activity in retinal homogenates from cattle, rats, or rabbits and that the rat rod outer segments are probably devoid of the degrading activity. PMID- 6804407 TI - The role of the arachidonic acid cascade in the species-specific X-ray-induced inflammation of the rabbit eye. AB - To identify the mediator(s) of the apparently species-specific X-ray-induced inflammation of the rabbit eye, inhibitors of the synthesis and/or release of known or putative mediators of ocular inflammation were administered prior to irradiation. The X-ray-induced ocular inflammation, particularly the rise in intraocular pressure, was found to be inhibited by intravenous pretreatment of rabbits with flurbiprofen, indomethacin, or imidazole (1, 10, and 100 mg/kg i.v., respectively), or by combined intravitreal and topical administration of flurbiprofen. Systemic, intravitreal, and/or topical pretreatment with prednisolone or disodium cromoglycate or the retrobulbar injection of ethyl alcohol or capsaicin failed to block the inflammatory response, whereas vitamin E apparently exerted some protective effect. These findings show that the X-ray induced inflammation of the rabbit eye is mediated, at least in part, by prostaglandins (PGs) and/or related autacoids. In addition, these results suggest that the unique sensitivity of the rabbit eye to X-ray-induced inflammation is due either to the presence in this species of a unique or uniquely effective triggering mechanism for the release of PG precursors or to the greater sensitivity of this species to the ocular inflammatory effects of PGs. Thus the rabbit eye may provide a unique model for studying some aspects of arachidonic acid release or ocular PG effects, but extreme caution must be exercised in generalizing such findings to other species. PMID- 6804409 TI - Ossification of the laryngeal cartilages as it relates to computed tomography. AB - Ossification of adult laryngeal cartilages was studied using cross sections cut in planes parallel to those used in computed tomography (CT). The percentage of ossification of surfaces of thyroid laminae was calculated and marked variations were found. There was no correlation between ossification and age (all subjects were 50 years or older). Generally, laryngeal cartilages of men were ossified to a greater extent than those of women. Some male cartilages were only slightly ossified, however, while some female cartilages were nearly completely ossified. Inner and outer surfaces of thyroid laminae differed by as much as 35% in some cases. Left and right laminae showed even greater differences, indicating that symmetry of ossification is not the rule. Ossification of arytenoid and cricoid cartilages also varies. This study reveals that there is no reliable pattern of ossification of laryngeal cartilage that would be of use the radiologist in evaluating CT scans for invasion of cartilage by cancer. PMID- 6804410 TI - Non-"D" rhesus and irregular antibodies--an approach to management. PMID- 6804411 TI - Pacing in geriatric patients--clinical experience and cost considerations. PMID- 6804412 TI - Lithium carbonate in chronic cluster headache assessment of therapeutic efficacy and possible mechanisms of action. AB - 6 patients with chronic cluster headache were treated with lithium carbonate in order to establish the individual lowest effective dose and to assess the possibility of suspending treatment after prolonged administration. Lithium was give at rising doses until more than 90% improvement was obtained. This was achieved in 1 case with only 300 mg daily, in 3 cases with 600 mg and in 2 with 900 mg daily. Of the 5 patients in whom drug administration was suspended 3 had an immediate return of daily attacks of headache, 1 after a 4-month free interval and 1 has maintained the improvement after 6 months without the drug. The sharp decline of the effectiveness of lithium on administration of an antimitotic (Melphalan) provides the starting-point for a discussion on the possible mechanisms of action of lithium in cluster headache. PMID- 6804413 TI - Ganglioside storage diseases: an updated review. PMID- 6804415 TI - The economic impact of alternative cardiac care unit treatment practices. AB - A case-mix strategy was used with hospital chart-abstract data from New Jersey to estimate the hypothetical savings in the cost of Cardiac Care Unit (CCU) care in the state that would result from the state-wide implementation of the following five policies: limiting uncomplicated Acute-Myocardial Infraction (AMI) patients to seven days of hospitalization; treating uncomplicated AMI patients at home; using the CCU only for diagnoses for which it is widely accepted as effective; tightening CCU admission criteria; and tightening CCU discharge criteria. The selection of these policies was based on a review of the CCU literature and on empirical data from the New Jersey CCU system. The case-mix strategy involved; the creation and categorization of a list of diagnoses which are eligible for CCU treatment; the selection of a sample of hospitals for study; and the estimation of the savings which would result from the implementation of the hypothetical CCU policies throughout the state. The estimated savings were substantial compared to the total cost of CCU care in New Jersey, stressing the need for further investigation of the cost-effectiveness of current CCU treatment practices. In addition, the case-mix method used in this study is recommended for bringing considerations of the cost-effectiveness of clinical practice into public policy debates on the regulation of medical services. PMID- 6804416 TI - Tracheal tube obstruction. PMID- 6804414 TI - [X-chromosome-linked hereditary dermatoses]. AB - In X-linked inheritance, the difference between the terms dominant and recessive is blurred by the Lyon effect. In some X-linked recessive genodermatoses, the Lyon effect makes the detection of heterozygote females possible, either by clinical cromanifestations or by enzymatic demonstration of two functionally different populations of cells. The gene locus of X-linked recessive ichthyosis, however, escapes X-inactivation, but heterozygotes can be detected by enzyme analysis in this condition, too. X-linked dominant gene defects with manifestation in both sexes include keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans, and probably also the Bazex syndrome. The group of X-linked dominant gene defects with lethality in the male comprises incontinentia pigmenti, focal dermal hypoplasia, the oral-facial-digital syndrome and the CHILD syndrome. Prenatal diagnosis of severe X-linked conditions can be performed when the underlying defect of cell function is known (Fabry disease, Menkes syndrome). In other severe X-linked disorders, the possibility of prenatal determination of the sex may be considered (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata, oral-facial-digital syndrome). PMID- 6804417 TI - Effect of short term directional selection on genetic variability: experiments with Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Experimental checks on theoretical predictions of the build up of negative linkage disequilibrium with directional selection were made using abdominal bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster. Selection was practised for three generations before relaxation. Realized heritabilities and thus genotype variances were estimated by divergent selection. In one replicate, little change of variance occurred but in the other it increased substantially on relaxation. This result is compatible with a model of one or more genes of large effect at extreme frequencies in the base population. This is illustrated with Monte Carlo simulations. Interpretations of results was aided by considering the build up of negative disequilibrium. PMID- 6804419 TI - Hormonal profiles in children with progressively worsening nutritional status. AB - Changes in body weight and other anthropometric measurements, concentrations of serum albumin and blood glucose and serum insulin, growth hormone, cortisol and thyroxine have been measured in 16 Nigerian children with progressively deteriorating nutritional status over a period of 12 months. While the concentrations of serum albumin and blood glucose, measured under fasting conditions, were normal, fasting serum insulin concentrations fell as the nutritional status became poorer and the concentrations of cortisol and growth hormone rose. The concentration of thyroxine remained within the normal range. The difference between chronological age and the height age (CA-HA), taken as an index of the chronicity of the period of nutritional deprivation, correlated negatively with the insulin concentration (P less than 0.001) and that of thyroxine (P less than 0.00) and correlated positively with the serum levels of cortisol (P less than 0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation with the concentration of growth hormone although its level was elevated in children whose CA-HA was greater than six months. The weight-for-height (expressed as percentage of standard), taken here as an index of the severity of acute nutritional insult, correlated positively with insulin (P less than 0.001) and negatively with growth hormone (P less than 0.001) and cortisol (P less than 0.001) concentrations. PMID- 6804418 TI - International differences in infant mortality and the impact of malnutrition: a review. AB - In the industrialized countries infant mortality continues to decline even though mortality is already at a low level. The greatest number of infant deaths occur in the neonatal period, especially during the first day of life and the main determinants of infant death are perinatal causes and congenital anomalies. In less-developed countries infant mortality remains high, particularly in Africa, the Indian subcontinent and South-East Asia. Observed rates of decline during the last 20 years have been no faster than in the industrialized countries and may indeed have been slower. Although a greater proportion of infant deaths occur postneonatally compared with industrialized countries, the majority nevertheless occur within the first 3 months of life. The main causes of infant mortality are low birth-weight and diarrhoeal disease. The implications in terms of health and nutrition policies are discussed. PMID- 6804422 TI - Lead poisoning in a cat. PMID- 6804420 TI - Di-allelic alloantigenic systems on subsets of T cells. AB - Sera obtained from multiparous women and some of other origin contain antibodies which react with antigens on T cell subsets. These antibodies recognize two distinct diallelic systems, one of which is mainly present on T gamma cells while the other is present on T mu cells. The sera that reacted with the T gamma cells formed a pattern consistent with that of a diallelic system which we have called TCA system with alleles TCA 1 and TCA 2; the sera which reacted with the T mu cells formed a pattern consistent with another diallelic system, independent from TCA, which we have designated the TCB system, with alleles TCB 1 and TCB 2. PMID- 6804421 TI - Intensive care of dogs and cats with diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6804423 TI - Effect of acetazolamide in blood acid-base and electrolyte values in dogs. AB - The effects of acetazolamide administration on arterial blood acid-base equilibrium and electrolyte concentrations were evaluated in 13 clinical patients and in a 4-week experiment in 6 conditioned mixed-breed dogs. Findings included persistent acidemia characterized by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, elevated partial pressure of oxygen, and mild depletion of potassium. Changes in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide were variable, and there was no change in plasma sodium concentration or osmolality. Measured disturbances were apparent within 12 hours of the commencement of acetazolamide administration, peaked at between 1.5 and 5.0 days, and thereafter stabilized. Abnormalities were restored to normal within 1.5 days following termination of drug administration. PMID- 6804426 TI - Studies on new vasodilators, WS-1228 A and B. II. Structure and synthesis. PMID- 6804424 TI - Distribution of catecholamine and indoleamine neurons in the brain of the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AB - The distribution of monoamine neurons in the brains of ten common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was examined by means of the Falck-Hillarp formaldehyde histofluorescence technique. Large populations of catecholamine and indoleamine neurons were found throughout the brain stem. Catecholamine cell bodies corresponded essentially to th noradrenaline and dopamine groups defined as A1-A7 and A8-A14, respectively. In contrast to Old World primate species, however, the noradrenaline cell populations (particularly the pontine coeruleal A6 group) were less numerous. Ascending catecholamine fibre pathways were not observed within the medulla or pons, although numerous axons were found near the mesodiencephalic border. These were fine and smooth in appearance in contrast to those of other species and this finding may represent a significant morphological difference. The catecholamine terminal innervation of the diencephalon was modest in the marmoset and was less dense than in other primates. In contrast, limbic areas and the striatum contained very large numbers of terminals. Indoleamine cell bodies, equivalent to the serotonin groups defined as B1-B9, were also observed. The most rostral cell populations (B7-9) were large. In addition, pontine and medullary indoleamine neurons extended laterally through the tegmentum as noted in other primates, such that they often adjacent to catecholamine neurons. A prominent bundle of indoleamine axons was observed in the mesencephalon and corresponded to a fibre pathway seen in rodents and other primates. No terminal varicosities were noted. PMID- 6804427 TI - Bacillomycin F, a new antibiotic of iturin group: isolation and characterization. PMID- 6804425 TI - Studies on new vasodilators, WS-1228 A and B. I. Discovery, taxonomy, isolation and characterization. AB - New vasodilators, designated WS-1228 A and B have been discovered in the culture filtrate of a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens. The active compounds were purified by column chromatography with Diaion HP-20 and silica gel, and finally separated from each other by high performance liquid chromatography. They were obtained as pale yellow crystals and their molecular formulae were both C11H17N3O. PMID- 6804428 TI - Mutants blocked in streptomycin production in Streptomyces griseus - the role of A-factor. AB - Ninety-five streptomycin-nonproducing mutants derived from Streptomyces griseus FT-1 by UV-irradiation could be classified into major two classes by cosynthesis tests. Class I mutants (42 strains) were mutants blocked in the pathway of streptomycin biosynthesis while class II mutants (49 strains) required a factor for streptomycin biosynthesis which was excreted by the parental or class I mutant strains. The factor could be replaced by synthetic A-factor (2S isocapryloyl-3-S-hydroxymethyl-gamma-butyrolactone) which restored both streptomycin biosynthesis and spore formation in the class II mutants. A-Factor deficient mutants were obtained from several strains of S. griseus and S. bikiniensis at high frequency by treatment with acridine orange or incubation at high temperature. A mutant whose streptomycin biosynthesis was independent of A factor deficiency was found. The production of A-factor was distributed among various species of actinomycetes. PMID- 6804429 TI - Genetic differences in concentration of immunoglobulins G1 and M in serum and colostrum of cows and in serum of neonatal calves. AB - Blood samples obtained 24 and 36 hr postparturition from 187 calves in 2 years were analyzed for serum concentration of immunoglobulins G1 (IgG1) and M (IgM). Serum and colostrum samples also were obtained from their dams, and corresponding immunoglobulin levels were determined. Calves were evaluated for their ability to acquire and absorb immunoglobulins and cows for their ability to produce immunoglobulins. Mathematical models included sources of variation for breed of sire, sire within breed, breed of dam, age of dam and sex of calf. Of these factors, breed of sire, breed of dam and age of dam were the most important. Simmental- and Pinzgauer-sired calves tended (p = .07) to have lower IgG1 and IgM levels than calves sired by Hereford, Hereford X Angus and Tarentaise bulls. Calves of Hereford X Angus dams had consistently higher immunoglobulin concentrations than calves of Hereford dams. Hereford X Angus cows tended to have higher colostrum concentrations and lower serum concentrations of the two immunoglobulins than Hereford cows. A fetal sire effect was demonstrated for serum IgM concentrations in that cows mated to Simmental bulls had lower (P = .05) concentrations than cows mated to bulls of other breeds. Advancing age of dam was associated with higher concentrations of immunoglobulins, except for serum IgM in the calf and in the cow. Correlations between serum and colostrum concentrations of both immunoglobulins in the dam were low, as were correlations between cow colostrum concentration and calf serum concentration of IgG1. IgM in the colostrum was positively associated with IgM in calf serum, however. Heritability estimates for calf serum IgG1 concentration were high (.52 +/- .28 and .69 +/- 30 at 24 and 36 hr, respectively), while estimates for heritability of IgM concentrations were intermediate (.30 +/- .26 and .35 +/- .26 at 24 and 36 hr, respectively). There was no evidence that sires within breeds influenced, through the fetus, immunoglobulin concentrations in serum or colostrum of their mates. Relatively high repeatabilities for all traits imply that observed differences among cows were due in part to genetic and (or) permanent environmental differences. PMID- 6804431 TI - Evaluation of single cell protein from pulp mills: laboratory analyses and in vivo digestibility. AB - Single cell protein (SCP) derived from secondary clarifiers of pulp mills is a potential commercial protein supplement in many areas. Samples of SCP were collected from several pulp mills in the Pacific Northwest and evaluated by laboratory procedures. Six in vivo digestion trials were conducted to determine the relative nutritive value of SCP that was dewatered by centrifugation or by the addition of a polyacrylamide polymer before being put through a belt press and dried with a sonic dehydrator. Amino acid analyses showed that SCP was higher in methionine than was cottonseed meal (CSM) and had a similar level of lysine. True protein, based upon amino acids recovered in SCP samples, ranged from 51.6 to 65.9% of the crude protein (CP). Pepsin digestibility of the CP ranged from 16.2 to 36.8%. Pepsin digestibility increased by 6.3 to 11.3 percentage units when SCP were incubated in a buffered rumen fluid for 24 hours. Solubility of the nitrogenous components in 10% Burroughs' buffer solution ranged from 12.4 to 36.5%. The range in mineral composition was : P, .62 to 1.55%; Ca, .14 to .99%; K, .21 to 5.52%; Mg, .07 to .59%. The concentration of trace minerals and heavy metals varied considerably from sample to sample. Digestion trials were conducted with sheep to compare SCP with CSM; 20 to 50% of the total CP was provided by the SCP sources. The CP digestibilities of the centrifuged and the polymer-dewatered SCP were 70.5 to 70.8% and 66.3 to 69.9%, respectively, of that observed for CSM. In all digestion trials, sheep consumed the SCP diets readily, and no digestive disturbances were observed. On the basis of laboratory and in vivo results, pulp mill SCP has the potential to be a viable protein supplement for livestock. PMID- 6804430 TI - Lysine supplementation of diets for yearling horses. AB - Forty-six Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse yearlings were used in two experiments designed to determine the amount of lysine in the concentrate necessary to promote maximum growth when fed the Coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) hay provided at 1% body weight (BW)/day. In the first experiment, a 196-day trial, supplemental protein sources and analyses of the concentrates compared were: (1) soybean meal (SBM; 15.4% crude protein, .70% lysine); (2) SBM + .2% lysine (15.7% crude protein, .81% lysine), and (3) brewers dried grains + .2% lysine (15.9% crude protein, .59% lysine). Concentrate intake averaged 1.67% BW/day, and hay intake averaged .94% BW, for a total of 2.61% BW/day. Protein and lysine intakes (grams/day) for horses fed the three diets were, respectively: (1) 1,106, 48; (2) 1,091, 52 and (3) 1,077 and 40. Growth and efficiency responses for animals on treatments 1, 2 and 3 were, respectively: weight gain - 125, 123 and 114 kg; height gain - 9.5, 9.3 and 8.1 cm; girth gain - 21.6, 19.0 and 17.0 cm (P greater than .05); length gain - 14.5, 13.7 and 14.9 cm. and feed/gain - 15.3, 15.0 and 16.0. In the second experiment, a 140-day trial, SBM-based concentrates provided (1) 16.1% crude protein and .67% lysine, (2) 13.6% crude protein and.51% lysine and (3) 14.2% crude protein and .64% lysine. Concentrate averaged 1.99% BW and hay intake averaged .92% BW, for a total of 2.91% BW/day. Protein and lysine intakes (grams/day) for horses fed the three diets were (1) 1,432, 59; (2) 1,195, 46; and (3) 1,182, 53. Growth and efficiency responses for animals given the three treatments were: weight gain - 101, 87 and 101 kg (P greater than .05); height gain - 5.7, 6.0 and 6.4 cm; girth gain - 14.8, 12.2 and 16.3 (P greater than .05); length gain - 10.9, 10.9 and 11.9 cm, and feed/gain - 16.5, 17.9 and 15.0 kg (P greater than .05). No significant sex effects were detected. Results suggest that at least 1.9 g lysine/Mcal digestible energy is required to support maximum growth of yearling horses. PMID- 6804432 TI - A three category system for interpretation of disk tests for Pseudomonas-active penicillins and beta-lactamase hydrolysis/inhibition studies. PMID- 6804437 TI - Glucose transport system in a facultative iron-oxidizing bacterium, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. AB - Properties of a heat-labile glucose transport system in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain AP-44 were investigated with iron-grown cells. [14C]glucose was incorporated into cell fractions, and the cells metabolized [14C]glucose to 14CO2. Amytal, rotenone, cyanide, azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide strongly inhibited [14C]glucose uptake activity, suggesting the presence of an energy-dependent glucose transport system in T. ferrooxidans. Heavy metals, such as mercury, silver, uranium, and molybdate, markedly inhibited the transport activity at 1 mM. When grown on mixotrophic medium, the bacteria preferentially utilized ferrous iron as an energy source. When iron was exhausted, the cells used glucose if the concentration of ferrous sulfate in the medium was higher than 3% (wt/vol). However, when ferrous sulfate was lower than 1%, both of the energy sources were consumed simultaneously. PMID- 6804433 TI - Utilization of chondroitin sulfate by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron growing in carbohydrate-limited continuous culture. AB - When Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an obligate anaerobe from the human colonic flora, was grown in continuous culture with the mucopolysaccharide chondroitin sulfate as the limiting source of carbohydrate, growth yields ranged from 48 g of cell dry weight per mol of equivalent monosaccharide at a growth rate of 3.5 h per generation to 32 g per mol at a growth rate of 24 h per generation. The theoretical maximum growth yield (61 g of cell dry weight per mol of equivalent monosaccharide) was comparable to that of 54 g per mol, which was obtained previously when glucuronic acid, a component of chondroitin sulfate, was the limiting carbohydrate (S. F. Kotarski and A. A. Salyers, J. Bacteriol. 146:853 860, 1981). However, the maintenance coefficient was three times higher when chondroitin sulfate was the substrate than when glucuronic acid was the substrate. The specific activity of chondroitin lyase (EC 4.2.2.4), an enzyme which cleaves chondroitin sulfate into disaccharides, declined by nearly 50% as growth rates decreased from 3.5 to 24 h per generation. By contrast, the specific activities of several glycolytic enzymes and disaccharidases remained constant over this range of growth rates. Although chondroitin sulfate was growth limiting, some carbohydrate was detectable in the extracellular fluid at all growth rates. At rapid growth rates (1 to 2 h per generation), this residual carbohydrate included fragments of chondroitin sulfate having a wide range of molecular weights. At slower growth rates (2 to 24 h per generation), the residual carbohydrate consisted mainly of a small fragment which migrated on paper chromatograms more slowly than the disaccharides produced by chondroitin lyase but faster than a tetrasaccharide. This small fragment may represent the reducing end of the chondroitin sulfate molecule. PMID- 6804435 TI - Generality of the growth kinetics of the average individual cell in different bacterial populations. AB - The kinetics of growth of all the cells in a population is reflected in the shape of the size distribution of the population. To ascertain whether the kinetics of growth of the average individual cell is similar for different strains or growth conditions, we compared the shape of normalized size distributions obtained from steady-state populations. Significant differences in the size distributions were found, but these could be ascribed either to the precision achieved at division or to a constriction period which is long relative to the total cell cycle time. The remaining difference is quite small. Thus, without establishing the pattern itself, it is concluded that the basic course of growth is very similar for the various Escherichia coli strains examined and probably also for other rod-shaped bacteria. The effects of differences in culture technique (batch or chemostat culture), growth rate, and differences among strains were not found to influence the shape of the size distributions and hence the growth kinetics in a direct manner; small differences were found, but only when the precision at division or the fraction of constricted cells (long constriction period) were different as well. PMID- 6804434 TI - Monomeric alkaline phosphatase of Vibrio cholerae. AB - Alkaline phosphatase has been purified to homogeneity from two strains of Vibrio cholerae. The enzymes from both strains are single polypeptides of molecular weight 60,000. Both of the enzymes have pH optima around 8.0 and can act on a variety of organic phosphate esters, glucose-1-phosphate being the best substrate. The enzymes are unable to hydrolyze ATP and AMP. Although they have identical Km values, the two enzymes differ significantly in Vmax with p nitrophenyl phosphate as substrate. The enzymes from the two strains also differ in their sensitivity to EDTA, Pi, and metal ions and activities of the apoenzymes. Ca2+ reactivated the apoenzymes most. PMID- 6804436 TI - Cation-dependent binding of substrate to the folate transport protein of Lactobacillus casei. AB - Lactobacillus casei cells grown in the presence of limiting folate contained large amounts of a membrane-associated binding protein which mediates folate transport. Binding to this protein at 4 degrees C was time and concentration dependent and at low levels (1 to 10 nM) of folate required 60 min to reach a steady state. The apparent dissociation constant (K(d)) for folate was 1.2 nM at pH 7.5 in 100 mM K-phosphate buffer, and it varied by less than twofold when measured over a range of pH values (5.5 to 7.5) or in buffered salt solutions of differing ionic compositions. Conversely, removal of ions and their replacement with isotonic sucrose (pH 7.5) led to a 200-fold reduction in binding affinity for folate. Restoration of the high-affinity state of the binding protein could be achieved by the readdition of various cations to the sucrose medium. K(d) measurements over a range of cation concentrations revealed that a half-maximal restoration of binding affinity was obtained with relatively low levels (10 to 50 muM) of divalent cations (e.g., Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and ethylenediammonium(2+) ions). Monovalent cations (e.g., Na(+), K(+), and Tris(+)) were also effective, but only at concentrations in the millimolar range. The K(d) for folate reached a minimum of 0.6 nM at pH 7.5 in the presence of excess CaCl(2). In cells suspended in sucrose, the affinity of the binding protein for folate increased 20-fold by decreasing the pH from 7.5 to 4.5, indicating that protons can partially fulfill the cation requirement. These results suggest that the folate transport protein of L. casei may contain both a substrate- and cation-binding site and that folate binds with a high affinity only after the cation-binding site has been occupied. The presence of these binding sites would support the hypothesis that folate is transported across the cell membrane via a cation-folate symport mechanism. PMID- 6804440 TI - Phospholipase C regulatory mutation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that results in constitutive synthesis of several phosphate-repressible proteins. AB - We describe here a new mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO, strain D10C (genotype plcB), which produces phospholipase C and alkaline phosphatase constitutively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the extracellular proteins produced by this mutant in high- and low-Pi media revealed that the mutation resulted in a marked deficiency of one major Pi-regulated protein of 41,000 molecular weight and constitutive synthesis of all other major extracellular Pi-regulated proteins. Furthermore, the plcB mutant was deficient in phosphate transport. A plcA mutation, which also led to a loss of the 41,000 molecular-weight protein, was similarly deficient in Pi transport. The genetic loci, plcA and plcB, located at 22 to 23 min on the PAO chromosome, were indistinguishable by conjugational and transductional mapping, and may therefore be in the same gene or in a cluster of genes which regulate the synthesis of Pi repressible proteins. PMID- 6804439 TI - Biochemical studies of phenoloxidase and utilization of catecholamines in Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - Protoplasts of Cryptococcus neoformans contain phenoloxidase as a membrane-bound enzyme. The enzyme appeared to be attached on the inner side of cytoplasmic membranes. Synthesis of the enzyme was derepressed by low levels of glucose but was not affected by the level of ammonium. Copper chelators which inhibited the phenoloxidase of other organisms did not affect cryptococcal enzymes. However, cyanide- or iron-chelating agents such as hydroximide derivates or 8 hydroxyquinoline were effective inhibitors, suggesting that cryptococcal phenoloxidase is an iron-containing enzyme. Phenoloxidase of C. neoformans catalyzed the oxidation of various diphenols via dopachrome and labile intermediates to melanin polymers. The kinetic constants (Km) of the phenoloxidase and the permease for dopamine and norepinephrine were low. The correlation between phenoloxidase and the preferential growth of C. neoformans in the host brain is discussed. PMID- 6804438 TI - Development and growth of photosynthetic membranes of Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - In cell-free extracts from low-aeration suspensions of Rhodospirillum rubrum strain G-9, bacteriochlorophyll a was distributed in two bands after rate-zone sedimentation in sucrose density gradients. From the physicochemical properties of these fractions, it was concluded that the upper band consisted of small membrane fragments, whereas the major band was composed of fragmented vesicular intracytoplasmic membrane (chromatophores). After a pulse with L-[35S]methionine, apparent polypeptide subunits of the reaction center and light-harvesting complexes within the upper pigmented fraction were labeled more rapidly than those of chromatophores; after a chase with excess unlabeled L-methionine, radioactivity from these components within the upper band appeared to be chased into the corresponding polypeptides of chromatophores. These labeling patterns are interpreted to reflect growth initiation and maturation of the photosynthetic apparatus and may, in part, represent a general mechanism for the development of vesicular intracytoplasmic membranes. PMID- 6804441 TI - Specialized transduction of the ilvD-thyB-ilvA region mediated by Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP beta. AB - Specialized transducing SP beta particles were found that carried the Bacillus subtilis genes lying to the left of the prophage attachment site. Three classes of transducing particles were differentiated, depending upon whether they carried ilvA only, thyB and ilvA, or ilvD, thyB, and ilvA. Lysates prepared by the induction of strains that carried both a transducing phage and a plaque-forming phage contained the two particles in a ratio of about 1:3,000. When the transducing particles were used to transduce a phage-sensitive auxotrophic strain to prototrophy, some of the transductants carried only the transducing phage genomes which, by themselves, were defective. One putative nondefective transducing phage (for ilvA only) is also described. SP beta can mediate specialized transduction even in the absence of the major (recE) bacterial recombination system. PMID- 6804443 TI - Efficiency of light-driven metabolite transport in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. AB - An evaluation of the efficiency of the L-alanine and L-malate transport systems was undertaken with the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum grown on the amino acid whose uptake was measured. An all-glass apparatus was constructed for measuring transport activity under anaerobic conditions. L-Alanine transport activity decreased under conditions of Mg2+ depletion. When cells were allowed to become inactive by suspending them in the dark in Mg2+-free buffer, full activity could be restored with a few minutes by adding 20 mM Mg2+ and illuminating the cells. The transport activity was completely inhibited by carbonyl cyanide m trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and by ammonia. The quantum yield for the uptake of either L-alanine or L-malate was 0.015 molecules per photon. The results are discussed in relation to the expected efficiencies for metabolite transport and regulation by Mg2+. PMID- 6804442 TI - Isolation of an autonomously replicating DNA fragment from the region of defective bacteriophage PBSX of Bacillus subtilis. AB - We have isolated a 5.4-kilobase fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA that confers the ability to replicate upon a nonreplicative plasmid. The B. subtilis 168 EcoRI fragment was ligated into the chimeric plasmid pCs540, which contains a chloramphenicol resistance determinant from the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pC194 and an HpaII fragment from the Escherichia coli plasmid, pSC101. A recE B. subtilis derivative, strain BD224, is capable of maintaining this DNA as an autonomously replicating plasmid. In rec+ recipients, chloramphenicol-resistant transformants do not contain free plasmid. The plasmid is integrated as demonstrated by alterations in the pattern of chromosomal restriction enzyme fragments to which the plasmid hybridizes. The site of plasmid integration was mapped by PBS1-mediated transduction to the metC-PBSX region. A strain was a deletion in the region of defective bacteriophage PBSX differs in the hybridization profile obtained by probing EcoRI digests with this cloned fragment. This same deletion mutant, though proficient in normal recombinational pathways, permits autonomous replication of the plasmid apparently owing to the lack of an homologous chromosomal region with which to recombine. We believe that, like E. coli. B. subtilis contains at least one DNA fragment capable of autonomous replication when liberated from its normally integrated chromosomal site and that this cloned DNA fragment comes from the region of defective bacteriophage PBSX. PMID- 6804446 TI - Clinical correlates of the TRH infusion test in primary depression. AB - Relationships between clinical measures, diagnosis and neuroendocrine findings were examined in a group of 25 primary depressives maintained drug free on a Neuropsychiatric Evaluation Unit. The TSH response to TRH infusion curves for unipolar and bipolar depressives were significantly different. Agitated patients but not psychomotor retarded patients demonstrated a blunted TSH response curve. No relationships were noted for cortisol hypersecretion and/or loss of diurnality and either diagnosis or psychomotor activity levels in depression. Biochemical and diagnostic implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6804445 TI - Threonine prevents derepression of pyridoxine synthesis in Escherichia coli B. AB - After 40 min of pyridoxal starvation, pyridoxine phosphate oxidase-less mutants of Escherichia coli B derepressed pyridoxine biosynthesis 13-fold to a rate of 1.7 X 10(-9) mol/h per mg of cells. Threonine at 100 mg/liter prevented this derepression but did not affect the continued synthesis of pyridoxine. Neither serine nor branched-chain amino acids altered the threonine effect. PMID- 6804444 TI - Melanin-lacking mutants of Cryptococcus neoformans and their virulence for mice. AB - A double mutant of Cryptococcus neoformans which lacked the ability to produce melanin (Mel-) on media containing diphenols and failed to grow at 37 degrees C (temperature sensitive, Tem-) was obtained by UV irradiation and subsequent cloning. The mutant showed two lesions in melanogenesis in that it lacked the active transport system for diphenolic compounds and also lacked phenoloxidase. Ultrastructures of the mutant and wild-type cells grown on a medium with or without L-dopa showed that only the wild-type cells grown on L-dopa medium formed a dark cell wall layer, presumably containing melanin. The mutant was crossed with a wild type, and the phenotypes of the progeny were analyzed. The analysis showed no linkage between the mating type and either Mel or Tem loci, but loose linkage was seen between Mel and Tem loci. The progeny, Mel+ Tem+, Mel+ Tem-, Mel Tem+, and Mel- Tem-, were studied for their virulence in mice. Only Mel+ Tem+ types killed mice with an inoculum of 5 X 10(5) cells within 50 days. PMID- 6804447 TI - Organic versus functional etiology in catatonia: case report. AB - The case of an illegal alien brought to the emergency room in a catatonic stupor is described. The patient's condition worsened following the administration of a high-potency neuroleptic, and it was later learned that he had a history of epileptic seizures. This case emphasizes the importance of ruling out organic causes in patients presenting with catatonic symptoms. PMID- 6804448 TI - Immunological distinction of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase isozymes from rat liver and kidney. AB - The beta-form of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase among three isozymes has been purified from rat liver, and proven to be homogeneous. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 100,000 by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, and the enzyme was shown to be composed of two subunits of 48,000 daltons. A rabbit antiserum against the normal rat liver beta-form of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase was used for immunochemical characterization. The alpha- and beta forms of isozyme are immunochemically identical, but the antiserum did not react with the gamma-form from rat kidney. PMID- 6804449 TI - Nucleotide sequence of calf prorennin cDNA cloned in Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of prorennin (prochymosin) cDNA cloned in E. coli was determined by the technique of Maxam and Gilbert. The longest prorennin cDNA insert in pTACR1 contained the putative signal sequence and the coding sequence for the peptide from the 1st amino acid, Ala (NH2 terminal), to the 296th, Ser, and the other clone pTACR9 contained the coding sequence from the 258th, Asp, to the 365th, Ile (COOH terminal), and the TGA termination codon followed by the 3' untranslated region. Thus, the whole coding sequence for prorennin was obtained in the pair of pTACR1 and pTACR9. PMID- 6804450 TI - Induction of Bacillus subtilis sporulation by decoyinine and the concomitant disappearance of ppGpp in vegetative cells. AB - Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis, growing exponentially in the presence of rapidly metabolizable nutrients, was induced by addition of decoyinine (an antibiotic inhibitor of GMP synthesis), and intracellular amounts of ppGpp were determined after 2 M formic acid extraction by polyethyleneimine (PEI)-cellulose thin-layer chromatography. Consequently, it was found that the ppGpp in vegetative cells abruptly disappeared after the addition of decoyinine. This indicates that the disappearance of ppGpp is closely correlated to the initiation of B. subtilis sporulation. PMID- 6804451 TI - Essential regions of the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa responsible for pyrogenicity and activation of the proclotting enzyme of horseshoe crabs. Comparison with antitumor, interferon-inducing and adjuvant activities. AB - Regions of lipopolysaccharide derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa essential for pyrogenicity and activation of the proclotting enzyme of the horseshoe crab were examined. Free lipid A with intact fatty acids showed strong pyrogenicity but showed little activation of the proclotting enzyme. Chemical modification of the polysaccharide portion and deacylation of the lipopolysaccharide diminished activation of the proclotting enzyme. The native-protein portion attached to the lipopolysaccharide also inhibited the activation of proclotting enzyme by lipopolysaccharide, but not pyrogenicity. These results indicate that free lipid A is sufficient for pyrogenicity, whereas the complete lipopolysaccharide is the strongest activator of the proclotting enzyme. The lipopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosa, which showed the strongest activation of proclotting enzyme, showed the weakest pyrogenicity of all the lipopolysaccharides tested here. All these results demonstrate that there is not correlation between pyrogenicity and proclotting enzyme activation induced by lipopolysaccharides. PMID- 6804454 TI - A simple photometric method for determination of the activity of pyrocin R1. AB - A simple photometric method for rapid and accurate determination of the activity of pyocin R1, a bacteriocin produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain P15, has been developed. This method is based on the turbidity-decrease observed when the bacteriocin is added to a suspension of sensitive bacteria P. aeruginosa strain P11. Optimum conditions for the turbidity-decreasing activity of pyocin R1 are in 0.01 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.2 M NaCl (pH 7.5) at 37 degrees C. A good correlation was found between the dose of pyocin R1 and the rate of the turbidity decrease (with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.98). The amount of pyocin R1 required for this assay is nearly the same as that used for the conventional colony-counts method. The assay for one sample takes less than 3 min, whereas an overnight wait is necessary for the conventional method. This method is shown to be very suitable for following the time course of activity change observed when pyocin R1 is treated with various chemicals, including receptor substances obtained from sensitive cells. The turbidity-decrease assay was also found to be applicable to the determination of activities of other R-type pyocins. PMID- 6804452 TI - Photo-oxidation of a histidyl residue of milk-clotting acid protease, Mucor rennin. AB - Mucor rennin, a milk-clotting acid protease produced by a fungus Mucor pusillus, was inactivated by photo-oxidation mediated by methylene blue according to first order kinetics. The pH profile of the inactivation rate showed that a dissociating group with a pK value of 7.6 was involved in the inactivation. Addition of pepstatin A, an inhibitor specific for acid proteases, caused a marked alkaline shift of the pK value. One of two histidyl residues in the enzyme was destroyed by the photo-oxidation, with complete loss of the enzyme activity. Analysis of inhibitor binding activity and chemical modification with diazoacetyl DL-norleucine suggested that the photo-oxidized enzyme still retained its original conformation. These results indicated that one histidyl residue in addition to the two essential carboxyl groups is involved in the catalytic function of Mucor rennin. PMID- 6804455 TI - Isolation and characterization of pyocin R1 fibers. AB - By a mild alkaline treatment, pyocin R1 was disassembled into its structural parts, a contracted sheath (and its fragments), a core, and fibers. An alkaline sucrose density gradient centrifugation after this treatment was effective in obtaining fiber-density fractions. The pooled fractions were treated with IgGs against isolated sheaths and isolated cores, simultaneously, and then chromatographed on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. The final preparation of fibers purified in this way was confirmed to be homogeneous by electron microscopic observation and an immuno-precipitation reaction. The isolated fiber was found to consist of two major subunit proteins, No. 2 and No. 9, with molecular weights of 71,000 and 31,000, respectively. The fiber exhibited the ability to be adsorbed on sensitive bacterial cells (pseudomonas aeruginosa P14), and to protect against the inactivation of pyocin R1 by a lipopolysaccharide preparation from the bacteria. PMID- 6804453 TI - Identity of alpha-glucosidase of human kidney with urine F-1 alpha-glucosidase. AB - alpha-Glucosidase was extracted from a homogenate of human kidney, initially with 0.02 M Tris-HCl buffer, pH 7.6, and subsequently with a mixture of 0.5% cholate and 0.5% Triton X-100 in the same buffer, pH 7.6. The enzyme in each of these two fractions was purified to the electrophoretically pure state by fractional precipitation with ammonium sulfate, column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Bio Gel A-1.5 m and affinity chromatography on heated glutinous rice. The two purified alpha-glucosidase preparations obtained were the same in enzymatic and proteochemical properties, and the molecular weight and isoelectric point estimated were 3 x 10(5) and 4.2, respectively. No evidence for subunit structure was obtained. The optimum pH for activity was 5.6 and the activity was drastically inhibited by Nojirimycin. The alpha-glucosidase readily hydrolyzed maltose, starch, and glycogen, producing only glucose. It hydrolyzed maltotriitol to split the non-reducing end glucose, but scarcely hydrolyzed maltitol or various other heteroglucosides examined. All these proteochemical and enzymatic properties of kidney alpha-glucosidase were the same as those of urine F-1 alpha glucosidase. Also, kidney tissue alpha-glucosidase produced a clear precipitin line with antisera against urine F-1 alpha-glucosidase. These facts suggest that F-1 alpha-glucosidase in urine originates from kidney tissue. PMID- 6804456 TI - DNA polymerases of Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Characterization of two N ethylmaleimide-sensitive DNA polymerases from exponentially growing cells. AB - Two DNA polymerase activities, polymerases A and B, were separated from the Triton-treated cell homogenate of exponentially growing Tetrahymena pyriformis by phosphocellulose column chromatography. Their properties were as follows. Polymerase A: The molecular weight was about 140,000, the sedimentation value was about 6.2S, the optimum Mg2+ concentration was 15 mM, the optimum K+ (or Na+) concentration was 20 mM, and the optimum pH was 7.4. The enzyme activity was inhibited by cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside-5'-triphosphate (araCTP) or aphidicolin, but not by 2'-3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (ddTTP). Polymerase B: The molecular weight was about 70,000, the sedimentation value was 4.3S, the optimum Mg2+ concentration was 15 mM, the optimum K+ (or Na+) concentration was 150 mM, and the optimum pH was 8.4. The enzyme activity was inhibited by ddTTP, but not by araCTP or aphidicolin. Polymerases A and B were both found to be N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive. These results indicate that at least two N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive DNA polymerases, A and B, are present in exponentially growing Tetrahymena cells. Polymerase A bears many similarities to DNA polymerase alpha of higher eukaryotes and polymerase B also bears similarities to DNA polymerase beta except as regards N-ethylmaleimide sensitivity. Based on the properties of polymerases A and B, the relation of Tetrahymena DNA polymerases reported by several investigators is discussed. PMID- 6804458 TI - Tetrahymena histone H2B. Complete amino acid sequence. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of Tetrahymena pyriformis H2B histone was determined. The histone was obtained as described in the preceding paper [Nomoto, M. & Iwai, K. (1982) J. Biochem. 91, 719--723]. The purified histone was digested with an arginine-specific protease, clostripain, and the peptides, fragmented at 7 arginyl bonds and also at many of the 20 lysyl bonds, were fractionated by repeating column chromatography; most of these peptides were sequenced by Edman degradation. The chymotryptic peptides overlapping the clostripain peptides were obtained by limited or more extensive digestion of intact histone. The sequencing of these peptides led to reasonable aligning of the clostripain peptides. Thus, the sequence of 119 amino acid residues (mol. wt, 13,316 for the unmodified form) has a completely alpha-N-blocked proline at residue 1 and a partially epsilon-N acetylated lysine at residue 3. This sequence is compared with the known sequences of calf thymus and other H2B histones, and the implications for the structure and function relationship of this histone species and also for the phylogeny of protozoa are discussed. PMID- 6804460 TI - Positional specificity of a reticulocyte lipoxygenase. Conversion of arachidonic acid to 15-S-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid. PMID- 6804461 TI - Estrogens augment the stimulation of ovarian aromatase activity by follicle stimulating hormone in cultured rat granulosa cells. AB - The effects of estrogens on ovarian aromatase activity were investigated in vitro using granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized estrogen-primed rats. The cells were cultured for 3 days in an androgen-free medium in the presence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), with or without the specified estrogen. After washing, the cells were reincubated for 5 h with 10(-7) M androstenedione, and the formation of estrogens was measured. Estrogen production by control and diethylstilbestrol-treated cells was negligible, while FSH stimulated aromatase activity. Furthermore, concomitant treatment with diethylstilbestrol led to dose dependent increases in the FSH-induced aromatase activity with an ED50 value of 4 X 10(-9) M and an apparent Vmax value 12- to 16-fold higher than those induced by FSH alone. The direct stimulatory effect of estrogens was time-dependent and was not accounted for by increases in cell protein. Various native and synthetic estrogens also augmented the FSH induction of aromatases (native estrogens: estradiol-17 beta = estrone greater than estradiol-17 alpha greater than estriol; synthetic estrogens: hexestrol greater than moxestrol greater than ethinyl estradiol much greater than chlorotrianisene and mestranol). The effect of estradiol-17 beta was dose-dependent with an ED50 value of 9 X 10(-9) M, which is within the physiological levels of follicular estradiol-17 beta. Although treatment with androgens also enhanced the FSH-induced aromatases, treatment with a progestin (R5020) or a mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) was without effect. Thus, estrogens directly augment the stimulation of granulosa cell aromatase activity by FSH. Follicular estrogens may activate intraovarian autoregulatory positive feedback mechanisms to enhance their own production, resulting in selective follicle maturation and the preovulatory estrogen surge. PMID- 6804462 TI - Mucin biosynthesis. Characterization of UDP-galactose: alpha-N acetylgalactosaminide beta 3 galactosyltransferase from human tracheal epithelium. AB - We have characterized the UDP-galactose: alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide beta 3 galactosyltransferase in human tracheal epithelium using asialo ovine submaxillary mucin as the acceptor. Maximal enzyme activity was obtained at pH 6.0-7.5 and at 20-25 mM MnCl2 and at 2% Triton X-100. Cd2+ could substitute for Mn2+ as the divalent ion cofactor. Spermine, spermidine, putrecine, cadaverine, and poly-L-lysine stimulated the enzyme activity at low (2.5 mM) MnCl2 concentration. The apparent Michaelis constants for N-acetylgalactosamine, asialo ovine submaxillary mucin, and UDP-galactose were 15.5, 1.14, and 1.36 mM, respectively. The enzyme activity was not affected by alpha-lactalbumin. The alpha-N-acetygalactosaminide beta 3 galactosyltransferase was shown to be different from the N-acetylglucosamine galactosyltransferase by acceptor competition studies. The product of galactosyltransferase was identified as Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc alpha Ser (Thr) by (a) isolation of [14C]Gal-GalNAc-H2 after alkaline borohydride treatment of the 14C-labeled product, (b) establishment of the beta-configuration of the newly synthesized glycosidic bond by its complete cleavage by bovine testicular beta-galactosidase, and (c) assignment of the 1 leads to 3 linkage by identification of threosaminitol obtained from the oxidation of the disaccharide with periodic acid followed by reduction with sodium borohydride, hydrolysis in 4 N HCl, and analysis on an amino acid analyzer. The 1 leads to 3 linkage was confirmed by its resistance to jack bean beta-galactosidase and by the presence of a m/e 307 ion fragment and the absence of a m/e 276 ion by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. When acid and beta-galactosidase-treated human tracheobronchial mucin was used as the acceptor, 3.3% of the product was found as [14C]Gal-GalNAc-H2. The remainder of the [14C]Gal was found in longer oligosaccharides formed by a different beta-galactosyltransferase. This galactosyltransferase is slightly inhibited by alpha-lactalbumin and stimulated by spermine. PMID- 6804459 TI - Patterns of amino acid efflux from isolated normal and cystinotic human leucocyte lysosomes. AB - This study describes the first direct measurements of amino acid efflux from human lysosomes. Isolated leucocyte lysosomes can be loaded with radioactive amino acids by exposure to low concentrations of the corresponding labeled amino acid methyl esters. Efflux of amino acid from the loaded lysosomes can then be determined. Conditions during loading are adjusted for each ester to permit its adequate intralysosomal hydrolysis and subsequent accumulation of the free amino acid. Relative rates of efflux were leucine approximately equal to phenylalanine greater than methionine greater than tryptophan much greater than cystine. Efflux of leucine, tryptophan, or cystine was independent of exogenous cation, ATP, or amino acid concentrations under the conditions tested. Leucine efflux was similar in normal and cystinotic lysosomes, providing strong evidence that isolated cystinotic lysosomes do not manifest a generalized defect in amino acid efflux. In both normal and cystinotic lysosomes, cystine efflux was much slower than efflux of leucine or other amino acids from human or rat liver lysosomes. Significant differences in mean cystine efflux between isolated normal and cystinotic lysosomes were not apparent in the present test system, although the possibility of differences in rats could not be excluded. PMID- 6804457 TI - DNA polymerases of Tetrahymena pyriformis. II. Does an N-ethylmaleimide-resistant polymerase exist in Tetrahymena? PMID- 6804463 TI - Two opposing effects of calmodulin on microtubule assembly depend on the presence of microtubule-associated proteins. AB - The effect of bovine brain calmodulin on the assembly of pure bovine brain tubulin has been examined in the presence and absence of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). In the absence of MAPs, calmodulin enhances the rate and extent of polymerization of pure tubulin, probably by sequestering Ca2+ from tubulin since the effect is mimicked by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and parvalbumin. From stoichiometric considerations, all 4 Ca2+ binding sites of calmodulin appear to participate in this effect. In the presence of MAPs, calmodulin confers increased Ca2+ sensitivity on the tubulin polymerization process, enhancing the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on the rate and extent of assembly. The effect of calmodulin on the assembly of tubulin is dependent on the presence of Ca2+. The data suggest that calmodulin of both low (Ca1-22+.calmodulin) and high (Ca3-42+.calmodulin) Ca2+-induced inhibition of polymerization. Thus, calmodulin has dual and opposing actions on Ca2+ sensitivity of tubulin polymerization depending on the presence or absence of MAPs. PMID- 6804466 TI - Divalent cation regulation of adenylyl cyclase. An allosteric site on the catalytic component. PMID- 6804465 TI - Characterization of ecdysteroid receptors in cytosol and naive nuclear preparations of Drosophila Kc cells. AB - Significant ecdysteroid binding activity can be demonstrated in nuclear extracts obtained from hormonally naive Drosophila Kc cells. The kinetic and physical characteristics of this nuclear binding are presented and compared with those exhibited by a high speed cytosol preparation of Kc cells. Examination of the effect of in vivo ecdysteroid exposure on the number of nuclear binding sites revealed that the quantity of nuclear receptors was not detectably altered. In addition, an effective synthesis of the biologically active ecdysteroid radioligand, [3H]ponasterone A, is described. PMID- 6804467 TI - Stimulation of fluorescence in a small contact region between rat basophil leukemia cells and planar lipid membrane targets by coherent evanescent radiation. PMID- 6804464 TI - Interactions of the tau-tubulin-vinblastine complex with colchicine, podophyllotoxin, and N,N'-ethylenebis(iodoacetamide). AB - Microtubule assembly is inhibited by anti-mitotic drugs such as colchicine or podophyllotoxin and also by sulfhydryl-oxidizing reagents, but it is not known which tubulin-tubulin interactions are disrupted by these agents. We have studied the interactions of a complex of tubulin, vinblastine, and tau protein with these agents. This complex has the form of a spiral filament and may consist of tubulin dimers joined end to end as in a protofilament; presumably, therefore, the lateral interaction sites should be accessible in this structure but not in the intact microtubule. Unlike the microtubule, the complex binds to colchicine and podophyllotoxin with high affinity. Again, unlike intact microtubules, the complex reacts with N,N'-ethylene-bis(iodoacetamide) to generate an intra-chain cross-link in beta-tubulin. Tubulin molecules containing this cross-link are unable to polymerize, suggesting that formation of this cross-link involves sulfhydryl groups that are critical for assembly. These results are consistent with a model whereby colchicine-, podophyllotoxin-, and sulfhydryl-oxidizing agents inhibit microtubule assembly by preventing lateral interactions between tubulin molecules in adjacent protofilaments. PMID- 6804469 TI - The course of the acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm. AB - The acrosome reaction in guinea-pig sperm is accompanied by a marked cavitation of the acrosomal contents. Two divergent views are held as to whether this cavitation precedes or follows the membrane fusion that occurs in the reaction. To distinguish between these 2 views cavitation was induced in media containing a colloid, either Ficoll 70 or inulin, either by inducing a normal acrosome reaction using the calcium ionophore A23187 or by using the detergent Triton X100. Both Ficoll 70 and inulin, when incorporated into media of normal osmolality, were able to suppress various features of the cavitation. Complete retention of acrosomal shape was achieved in sperm treated with detergent in 30% (W/V) Ficoll 70 solution despite the absence of the limiting acrosomal and plasma membranes. This evidence supports the suggestion that the cause of the cavitation is a colloid osmotic pressure within the acrosomal matrix. This in turn supports one of the 2 proposed mechanisms for the temporal sequence of events occurring in the acrosome reaction. PMID- 6804468 TI - Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant lacking tRNA-guanine transglycosylase. Function and biosynthesis of queuosine in tRNA. AB - An E. coli mutant that lacks tRNA-guanine transglycosylase was isolated by random screening from a collection of Escherichia coli mutants obtained with N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The defective gene, named tgt, was mapped at about 9 min on the E. coli chromosome, and the gene order was shown to be phoB-tgt-tsx. tgt was transferred to an E. coli strain with a defined genetic background by P1 transduction to investigate its function. The mutant thus obtained lacked queuosine (2-amino-5-[3S, 4R, 5S)-4,5-dihydroxycyclopent-1-en-3-ylaminomethyl]-7 (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyrro lo-[2,3-D]-pyrimidin-4-one) in tRNA, indicating that the enzyme is actually involved in the biosynthesis of queuosine in tRNA. No clear biological defect was observed in the mutant, and, in fact, it grew slightly faster than the control isogenic strain. tRNATyr lacking queuosine, isolated from the mutant, showed no significant biological difference from normal queuosine-containing tRNA in amino acid acceptor activity or amino acid transfer in a cell-free protein synthesizing system directed by synthetic polynucleotide. The only phenotypic change observed in the mutant thus far is marked reduction of viability when the cells are kept under unsuitable conditions for growth, suggesting that the presence of queuosine in tRNA is important to E. coli for survival in the natural environment. PMID- 6804470 TI - An intravenous technique for the measurement of cerebral vascular extraction fraction in the rat. AB - An intravenous injection method to measure cerebral vascular extraction fractions of highly diffusible substances in the rat is described. The brain extraction fractions of 3H-labeled water (Ew) and ethanol (Ee) were defined as the ratio of either of those tracers to the freely diffusible reference tracer, 14C-butanol, in the brain, divided by the ratio of the tracers available for the extraction during the time between simultaneous intravenous injection of the tracers and decapitation of the rat. Ew and Ee were measured in five regions of brain, including brainstem and cerebellum, under PaCO2 conditions ranging from 15 to 85 mm Hg. The extraction fractions for both test tracers were shown to vary with PaCO2-induced flow changes according to the equation, ln(1 - E) = -PS/F. When PS/F values calculated from regional measurements of Ew and Ee were plotted versus PaCO2, least squares regression equations of the plots could be used to compare permeabilities of both tracers at any given PaCO2 value. Ratios of the permeabilities of water and ethanol varied regionally but were relatively constant in a given region under different flow states. This intravenous injection method allows for accurate measurement of the extraction fractions of even highly diffusible tracers under varied flow conditions in all brain regions regardless of arterial blood supply. PMID- 6804473 TI - Identification of 2-hydroxy-2-methyllevulinic acid in urine and serum of diabetic patients with ketoacidosis. AB - A new organic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methyllevulinic acid, was identified in the urine of four diabetic patients with ketoacidosis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The compound was also detected in two serum samples of the four patients. The compound became undetectable in the urine of the patients after insulin therapy and was not detected in urine and serum of healthy subjects or diabetic patients without ketosis. 2-Hydroxy-2-methyllevulinic acid was also detectable in the urine of a child with elevated blood lactate and pyruvate, and ketosis. This finding suggests that the occurrence of 2-hydroxy-2-methyllevulinic acid is not specific to "diabetic" ketosis but is correlated to ketosis itself. PMID- 6804472 TI - Methods for the quantitation of nitroglycerin and its metabolites in human plasma. PMID- 6804474 TI - Application of electron microscopy to the study of structural changes in the liver in non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Ultrastructural studies employing techniques such as alternative electron metal stain, high-angle tilting and high-voltage electron microscopy were carried out on liver biopsies obtained from chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis. Typical derangement of the endoplasmic reticulum leading to the formation of tubular structures in hepatocytes was observed. The use of potassium permanganate as an alternative stain revealed two features which have not been previously described. The first of these shows the wall of the tubular structures to be composed of a well-defined fibrillar-like meshwork with a periodicity of approximately 15 nm. The second feature is the demonstration of clusters of fibrin-like inclusions consisting of striated fibrils in the neighborhood of the tubular structures. The presence of intracytoplasmic fibrin may indicate non specific morphological evidence of cell injury. Crystalline structures containing arrays of particles with an average size of 24 nm were also observed in the endoplasmic reticulum of endothelial cells of the hepatic sinusoids. Morphological differences between the crystalline lattice and the reticular arrangement, demonstrated with the use of high-angle tilting of the specimen in the electron microscopy suggest that the arrays may not be viral particules but a reflection of pathological response of the host cell. PMID- 6804475 TI - Identification of protein(s) secreted by the preovulatory ovary which suppresses the follicle response to gonadotropins. PMID- 6804471 TI - Cholinergic cerebral vasodilatation in the rabbit: absence of concomitant metabolic activation. AB - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was estimated from measurements of internal carotid blood flow and sagittal sinus blood flow in mechanically ventilated rabbits under 70% N2O-30% O2. Intravenously administered physostigmine, a cholinesterase inhibitor, increased CBF under normocapnia and enhanced the cerebral vasodilatation of hypercapnia, but did not alter the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2). The cerebrovascular effects of physostigmine were antagonized by atropine but not by dihydro-beta-erythroidine, a nicotinic blocker. Neostigmine, a quaternary cholinesterase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier, showed no cerebrovascular effects. It is concluded that the cholinergic cerebral vasodilatation does not depend on cerebral metabolic activation, and that the cholinergic receptors involved are muscarinic and located beyond the blood-brain barrier. PMID- 6804476 TI - Seasonal variation of serum thyrotropin concentration and thyrotropin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in patients with primary hypothyroidism on constant replacement dosage of thyroxine. AB - Ten patients with primary hypothyroidism (aged 32--66 yr), replaced on constant daily doses of L-T4 (mean +/- SD, 1.90 +/- 0.22 micrograms/kg BW), were used to examine seasonal variations in serum levels of thyroid-related hormones for a period of 14 months. Basal and peak TSH concentrations after TRH (500 micrograms) were higher in winter than in summer. Summer values for basal TSH were all normal (normal range, less than 4.8 microU/ml), while winter values were supranormal in 5 of 10 patients. Summer values for peak TSH were subnormal or normal (normal range, 5.0--40.0 microU/ml), while winter values were supranormal in 3 patients, with the remaining values being normal [log basal TSH, 0.511 +/- 0.438 vs. 0.084 +/- 0.244 (P less than 0.05); log peak TSH, 1.394 +/- 0.410 vs. 1.017 +/- 0.423 (P less than 0.05)]. Serum resin T3 uptake, T4, free T4 index(FT4I), T3, free T3 index, and rT3 levels did not vary seasonally, although T4 and FT4I tended to fall in the winter. The summer and winter QKd interval (the interval from the onset of a QRS complex in the electrocardiogram to the appearance of the Korotkoff sound at diastolic pressure), basal metabolic rate, and serum cholesterol concentrations were all within the normal range. Basal and peak TSH after TRH were inversely correlated with serum T4 and FT4I levels. The basal TSH concentration was further inversely correlated with the seasonally altering ambient temperature. These results indicate that during the treatment of primary hypothyroidism with constant doses of T4, 1) serum TSH and its response to TRH show seasonal variation, 2) the hypersecretion TSH in the winter is related to small changes in serum T4 and FT4I levels, and 3) the seasonal variation in the serum TSH concentration may need to be taken into consideration when evaluating the adequacy of a T4 replacement dose. PMID- 6804477 TI - Effect of hypothalamic and pituitary irradiation on pubertal development in children with cranial tumors. AB - The purpose of the present study was to report on gonadotropin function and puberty of a large group of children treated by cranial irradiation for cranial and neck tumors and medulloblastoma. Forty-five children of pubertal age were investigated. The mean interval time since radiation was 5 2/12 yr. Gonadotropin and gonadal function were evaluated by clinical criteria, plasma sex steroids, and plasma LH and FSH responses to LRH. Puberty was complete or progressing normally in 31 cases and was abnormal in 14 cases. Severe gonadotropin deficiency, with lack of or slow progression of puberty and decreased LH and FSH responsiveness to LRH, was observed in 5 cases; 2 of these had moderately elevated plasma PRL levels. Secondary amenorrhea or lack of pubertal progression was found in 5 other cases. GH deficiency was associated with gonadotropin deficiency in 9 of these 10 cases. Adrenal function, estimated by basal dehydroisoepiandrosterone, dehydroisoepiandrosterone sulfate, and estrone, was normal according to pubic hair stages. In conclusion, complete or partial gonadotropin deficiency can be the consequence of cranial irradiation in children receiving 6000 rads or less. It is usually associated with GH deficiency. The site of the damage on the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus remains to be demonstrated. PMID- 6804480 TI - The effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on growth hormone release in patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia. PMID- 6804479 TI - Response of growth hormone to thyrotropin-releasing hormone during fetal life. AB - The effect of TRH administration to the term pregnant women on the GH response in cord blood (CB) was evaluated in 138 subjects. Previous studies have demonstrated that TRH readily crosses the placenta. TRH (400 microgram) was administered iv to 59 pregnant women just before delivery. CB samples were obtained at delivery and assigned to 6 groups, depending upon the duration of time between TRH injection and CB sampling. The control group comprised 79 pregnant women who received saline. A progressive rise and then a fall in the CB GH concentration were observed after TRH administration. Values were significantly elevated 61-90 min after TRH administration compared to values in saline-treated subjects (19.3 +/- 3.1 vs. 13.1 +/- 0.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). The present study is the first report of the effect of TRH on the GH concentration in CB and suggests that TRH stimulates GH release in the fetus. PMID- 6804481 TI - Histamine regulation of prolactin secretion through H1- and H2-receptors. AB - Histamine (HA) regulates PRL secretion in the rat by a stimulatory effect through H1-receptors and an inhibitory effect through H2-receptors. The effect of HA antagonists on basal and TRH-stimulated PRL secretion was investigated in five normal men. During saline infusion, serum PRL declined, as seen normally after sleep. HA infusion caused a significantly higher PRL secretion than that observed during the saline infusion [maximum change in PRL (delta PRL), 28 +/- 20 vs. -71 +/- 30 microIU/ml; P less than 0.05]. This effect of HA on PRL secretion was inhibited during the combined infusion of HA and the H1-antagonist mepyramine (delta PRL, 28 +/- 20 vs. -77 +/- 13 microIU/ml; P less than 0.025). The PRL stimulating effect of HA was strongly enhanced during the combined infusion of HA and the H2-antagonist cimetidine (delta PRL, -28 +/- 20 vs. 132 +/- 57 microIU/ml; P less than 0.0125). This effect of HA and cimetidine on PRL secretion was higher than the effect of cimetidine alone (delta PRL, 132 +/- 57 vs. 17 +/- 22 microIU/ml; P less than 0.05). This shows that the H2-antagonist is not the only stimulator of PRL secretion. During the different infusions, serum PRL concentrations were in the following rank order: mepyramine less than saline less than HA less than cimetidine less than HA plus cimetidine. The same rank order was found for the PRL responses to TRH during the different infusions. These data indicate a HA stimulatory effect through H1-receptors and an inhibitory effect through H2-receptors on PRL secretion in human males. PMID- 6804478 TI - Influence of increasing iodine intake on thyroid function in euthyroid and hyperthyroid states. PMID- 6804482 TI - Nonspecific growth hormone responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in insulin dependent diabetes: sex- and age-related pituitary responsiveness. AB - To evaluate GH pituitary responsivity to nonphysiological stimuli in insulin dependent (type I) diabetes, a TRH test (200-micrograms iv bolus) was carried out in 31 type I diabetics (16 females and 15 males). TRH was capable of inducing GH responses in most of the studied patients, with a striking difference between the sexes; responses were documented in 7 of 15 males and in 13 of 16 females. Linear regression analyses of the results showed a positive correlation between basal values and peak levels of GH and a negative correlation between GH peaks and the ages of the patients. No correlation was found between GH values (basal and peak levels) and blood glucose levels or duration of disease. In conclusion, our results support the observation that GH secretion in diabetes is abnormal. TRH induces GH secretory responses, especially when GH basal values are elevated and in female patients. Pituitary GH responsiveness to TRH shows a progressive decline with advancing age unrelated to the duration of the disease or the presence of retinopathy. PMID- 6804483 TI - Prolactin response to metoclopramide in hyperthyroidism. AB - The response of PRL to the oral administration of the dopamine receptor-blocking agent metoclopramide and the effect of metoclopramide on the TRH-induced release of PRL and TSH were measured in eight patients with hyperthyroidism and in eight age- and sex-matched euthyroid controls. As expected from the known direct inhibitory influence of thyroid hormones on pituitary TSH secretion, there was no TSH rise in response to metoclopramide in either group. PRL levels, on the other hand, rose significantly after the administration of metoclopramide in both the hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects (P less than 0.0005 at 60 and 120 min). However, the increase in PRL at 120 min was significantly less in the hyperthyroid subjects than in the euthyroid controls (P less than 0.0025). Furthermore, the administration of metoclopramide failed to reestablish normal responsiveness of either PRL or TSH to TRH in the hyperthyroid subjects. We have previously suggested that thyroid hormones inhibit PRL secretion by stimulating the hypothalamic secretion of dopamine. These results suggest, however, that elevated levels of thyroid hormones also inhibit PRL release directly at the anterior pituitary level. PMID- 6804484 TI - Heterogeneity of insulin receptors in patients with untreated insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6804486 TI - Solid-phase Clq-binding fluorescence immunoassay for detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - A fluorescence immunoassay for detection of immune complexes bound to solid-phase C1q was developed. The method was standardized by using human aggregated immunoglobulin G (IgG) to simulate immune complexes. A linear relationship existed between the concentrations of the aggregated IgG standards and the resulting fluorescent intensity. The method was found to be reproducible and capable of detecting as little as 10 micrograms of aggregated IgG per ml of heat inactivated human serum. Antigen-antibody complexes prepared in vitro were detectable from equivalence to moderate antigen excess. Endogenous serum C1q inhibited the binding of aggregated IgG to solid-phase C1q. Pretreatment of test sera with EDTA was ineffective in eliminating this competitive effect. Heating the sera at 56 degrees C alleviated, but did not abolish, interference of endogenous C1q. Elevated levels of immune complexes were detectable in sera fro seven of nine patients wit systemic lupus erythematosus, provided the samples were heat inactivated before testing. Heparin and DNA were also found to interfere with the detection of aggregated IgG added to human serum. Assay values were falsely decreased due to competitive inhibition by these anions. Lipopolysaccharides from a variety of bacterial preparations produced no detectable interference. A comparative study was conducted on samples that had previously been tested by fluid-phase C1q-binding radioimmunoassay. The two methods were concordant in assigning normal or elevated levels of immune complexes in 70% of the samples tested. This solid-phase fluorescence immunoassay is proposed as a possible alternative to radioimmunoassay for the detection of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 6804485 TI - Identification of problem Neisseria gonorrhoeae cultures by standard and experimental tests. AB - Standard and experimental tests were used by a reference diagnostic laboratory to determine the identity of 182 "suspected" Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates submitted by state health departments because of inconclusive laboratory results. More than 97% of these cultures were subsequently identified by a rapid microcarbohydrate test in conjunction with confirmatory immunological procedures. The experimental rapid slide agglutination test using rough-lipopolysaccharide antibody, the Phadebact co-agglutination test, and fluorescent antibody test identified 49.3 to 94.1% of these cultures. Because of frequent problems with carbohydrate utilization, Neisseria meningitidis and Branhamella catarrhalis were the two microorganisms most often confused with N. gonorrhoeae by submitting laboratories. PMID- 6804488 TI - Routine test for in vitro differentiation of pathogenic and apathogenic Listeria monocytogenes strains. AB - The exosubstance of Rhodococcus equi in a prepurified form strongly enhanced the hemolytic effect of certain strains of Listeria monocytogenes. The strains which produced positive synergic hemolysis with this exosubstance were also pathogenic for guinea pigs and white mice. The other strains, which remained nonhemolytic in the presence of the R. equi. exosubstance, were apathogenic for those animals. A routine test was devised for the in vitro determination of the pathogenicity of L. monocytogenes strains. PMID- 6804487 TI - Superoxol(catalase)test for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The Superoxol (Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J.) test (catalase test using 30% H2O2) was used to differentiate Neisseria gonorrhoeae from other Neisseria species. A positive test was defined as immediate, brisk bubbling upon dropping 30% H2O2 onto a bacterial colony. One hundred percent of the gonococci were Superoxol positive. Only 1% of Superoxol-positive isolates on Thayer-Martin agar were organisms other than gonococci (99% specificity). The test was more reliable than the coagglutination test. Individual strains of a wide variety of Neisseria and Branhamella species were Superoxol positive. They could usually be differentiated from N. gonorrhoeae by their poor growth on selective media, colonial morphology on nonselective media, and simple biochemical tests. The Superoxol test is an excellent screening test for N. gonorrhoeae. A positive result on a clinical isolate growing on Thayer-Martin agar is strongly suggestive of the presence of gonococci. PMID- 6804489 TI - Effect of various analgesics and lubricants on isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Five preparations used as analgesics or lubricants in surgical, obstetrical, gynecological, and investigative procedures were tested for their effect on the isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis. Three lignocaine preparations and a lubricating jelly containing 2% phenol were inhibitory to chlamydiae. In contrast, K-Y lubricating jelly was relatively nontoxic to chlamydiae. Since K-Y jelly also had only slight toxic activity against gonococci, it is recommended for the lubrication of instruments which need to be used for the efficient isolation of these microorganisms. PMID- 6804491 TI - Case report. Neurofibromatosis with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis. PMID- 6804492 TI - Muscle glucose metabolism following exercise in the rat: increased sensitivity to insulin. AB - Muscle glycogen stores are depleted during exercise and are rapidly repleted during the recovery period. To investigate the mechanism for this phenomenon, untrained male rats were run for 45 min on a motor-driven treadmill and the ability of their muscles to utilize glucose was then assessed during perfusion of their isolated hindquarters. Glucose utilization by the hindquarter was the same in exercised and control rats perfused in the absence of added insulin; however, when insulin (30-40,000 muU/ml) was added to the perfusate, glucose utilization was greater after exercise. Prior exercise lowered both, the concentration of insulin that half-maximally stimulated glucose utilization (exercise, 150 muU/ml; control, 480 muU/ml) and modestly increased its maximum effect. The increase in insulin sensitivity persisted for 4 h following exercise, but was not present after 24 h. The rate-limiting step in glucose utilization enhanced by prior exercise appeared to be glucose transport across the cell membrane, as in neither control nor exercised rats did free glucose accumulate in the muscle cell. Following exercise, the ability of insulin to stimulate the release of lactate into the perfusate was unaltered; however its ability to stimulate the incorporation of [(14)C]glucose into glycogen in certain muscles was enhanced. Thus at a concentration of 75 muU/ml insulin stimulated glycogen synthesis eightfold more in the fast-twitch red fibers of the red gastrocnemius than it did in the same muscle of nonexercised rats. In contrast, insulin only minimally increased glycogen synthesis in the fast-twitch white fibers of the gastrocnemius, which were not glycogen-depleted. The uptake of 2-deoxyglucose by these muscles followed a similar pattern suggesting that glucose transport was also differentially enhanced. Prior exercise did not enhance the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase from its glucose-6-phosphate-dependent (D) to its glucose-6-phosphate-independent (1) form. On the other hand, following exercise, insulin prevented a marked decrease in muscle glucose-6-phosphate, which could have diminished synthase activity in situ. The possibility that exercise enhanced the ability of insulin to convert glycogen synthase D to an intermediate form of the enzyme, more sensitive to glucose-6-phosphate, remains to be explored. These results suggest that following exercise, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle are enhanced due at least in part to an increase in insulin sensitivity. They also suggest that this increase in insulin sensitivity occurs predominantly in muscle fibers that are deglycogenated during exercise. PMID- 6804494 TI - Clinical and serological differences between systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antibodies to Ro versus patients with antibodies to Ro and La. AB - Among 55 systemic lupus erythematosus patients having antibodies to Ro and/or La, two major groups were distinguished by titration of sera in counterimmunoelectrophoresis. The first group (30 patients) had antibodies to Ro alone. This was associated with a high incidence of antibodies to DNA (77%) and serious renal disease (53%). The second group (23 patients) had antibodies to Ro and La, and this was associated with a lower incidence of antibodies to DNA (30%) and a very low incidence of nephritis (9%). In this group a phenomenon of linkage of anti- Ro and anti-La titers was observed. Additionally two patients with only anti-La were found. Neither had clinically apparent renal disease. Thus, systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anti-Ro fall into two subgroups that differ considerably in their prevalence of anti-DNA and serious renal disease. PMID- 6804493 TI - Studies in porphyria: functional evidence for a partial deficiency of ferrochelatase activity in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria. AB - In this paper we show that the ferrochelatase defect in erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) can readily be identified in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes since such cells from patients with EPP accumulate approximately twice as much protoporphyrin IX as cells from normal subjects when incubated with a porphyrin precursor, gamma-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Treatment of cultures with ALA and with the iron chelator, CaMgEDTA significantly increased the level of protoporphyrin IX in mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes from normal subjects, while the same treatment failed to produce an increase in protoporphyrin IX in cell preparations from EPP patients. In contrast to the results with the chelator treatment, supplementation of the cultures with iron and ALA reduced the level of protoporphyrin IX in normal cells, but not in EPP cells. These findings are compatible with a partial deficiency of ferrochelatase in EPP lymphocytes. The gene defects of acute intermittent porphyria and hereditary coproporphyria have previously been identified using lymphocyte preparations from the gene carriers of these diseases. The present study demonstrates that EPP represents another form of human porphyria in which the gene defect of the disease can now be identified in lymphocyte preparations. PMID- 6804490 TI - ATP-ADP exchange reaction by fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum from bullfrog skeletal muscle. AB - The ATP-ADP exchange reaction and its related partial reactions of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum from bullfrog skeletal muscle (frog FSR) were investigated and compared with those of rabbit FSR in order to understand the characteristics of calcium-activated ATPase (Ca2+-ATPase) of frog FSR. MgATP and magnesium-free ADP are substrates for the forward and backward reaction of the ATPase activity, respectively, which is consistent with the conclusion obtained with rabbit FSR. The ATP-ADP exchange rate of frog FSR increased sharply with an increase in Ca2+ concentration up to 3 microM, and then decreased as Ca2+ concentration increased from 3 microM to 100 microM, where the level of EP continued to increase. The exchange rate of frog FSR had a value similar to the overall ATPase activity at steady state. These results contrast with observations using rabbit FSR. The exchange rate of rabbit FSR, which is 10-30 times as high as the overall ATPase activity, reached a plateau at 1 microM Ca2+, and the decrease in the exchange rate with the increase in Ca2+ concentration was not observed until the concentration was greater than 30 microM, where the plateau of the ATPase activity was maintained. These results were discussed in reference to a possible ordered reaction sequence of ATP followed by calcium in the Ca2+-ATPase reaction. It is suggested that k-5/k-6 for rabbit FSR at steady state should be larger than that for frog FSR by a factor of about 10 in the following reaction sequence. (Formula see text). PMID- 6804497 TI - Food particles mimic cholelithiasis. PMID- 6804496 TI - Role of human factor VIII in factor X activation. AB - The cofactor function of human Factor VIII in Factor X activation was investigated by an initial-rate assay of 3H-Factor X activation in the presence of human factor IXa, Ca2+, and either phospholipid or fresh washed human platelets. Purified Factor VIII that has not been activated by thrombin or Factor Xa supports Factor X activation after a lag of several minutes. A specific inhibitor of Factor Xa, which had no inhibitory activity against Factor IXa, markedly prolonged this lag, whereas specific thrombin inhibitors did not prolong the lag. These data support the conclusion that unactivated Factor VIII has no ability to support Factor X activation in a purified system until it is activated by Factor Xa feedback during the lag period. When Factor VIII was optimally preactivated by thrombin, the lag was completely abolished, regardless of the order of addition of the other reactants or the phospholipid source. These data indicate that there is no slow, time-dependent ordering of the reactants at the phospholipid or activated platelet surface if Factor VIII has been preactivated. Unactivated platelets did not support Factor X activation by Factors IXa and VIII. The effect of activated Factor VIII on the kinetics of bovine Factor X activation was primarily to increase the Vmax (54-fold), whereas with human Factor X, Factor VIII both increased the Vmax 56-fold and decreased the Km sixfold to 0.14 microM, similar to the plasma concentration of Factor X. Therefore, a change in the plasma factor X concentration would be expected to have a major effect on the rate of Factor X activation in vivo. PMID- 6804495 TI - Studies of the transferrin receptor on both human reticulocytes and nucleated human cells in culture: comparison of factors regulating receptor density. AB - The transferrin receptor, present on reticulocytes and nucleated cells in tissue culture, has been measured with both immunoassay techniques and transferrin binding studies. The total cellular immunoreactive receptor is rapidly lost from erythrocytes during the process of reticulocyte maturation (from as many as 400,000 molecules to <20,000 molecules/reticulocyte). This event parallels the loss of cell surface transferrin binding sites and RNA content, and correlates with previous studies that have measured the decline in hemoglobin synthesis.Nonhemoglobin-producing normal human fibroblasts, which appear to have a much lower iron requirement than reticulocytes, contain similar numbers of immunoreactive receptors per cell (400,000 receptor molecules), when in an active state of proliferation. Although receptor density on fibroblasts is directly related to cell proliferation, our studies demonstrate that nonproliferating fibroblasts still retain significant numbers of immunoreactive receptors (150,000 molecules/cell) and transferrin binding sites. Since additional studies indicate that proliferating cells have increased iron uptake, a simple hypothesis would predict that the parallel increase in transferrin binding sites and total cellular immunoreactive receptor associated with proliferation is related to an increased cellular iron requirement. However, the number of immunoreactive receptor molecules and transferrin binding sites is not changed when cells are grown in iron-deficient media, or in media with added transferrin-iron. This result and the lack of marked differences in receptor number on both hemoglobin producing and nonhemoglobin-producing cells indicate that other factors besides receptor density play major roles in the regulation of cellular iron uptake, retention, and loss. PMID- 6804498 TI - Equation governing the transmission of ultrasound. PMID- 6804500 TI - Inferior vena cava echocardiography. AB - The inferior vena cava can be imaged during echocardiography from the subcostal transducer position as an echo-free space at a depth ranging from 6 to 15 cm from the abdominal wall. The normal inferior vena cava M-mode echocardiogram has a "a" and "v" pulsation pattern similar to that seen in the jugular venous tracing and exhibits prominent cyclic respiratory changes. Since right atrial activity can be seen as a pulsation on the M-mode inferior vena cava tracing, specific patterns can be observed during cardiac arrhythmias. In right heart failure the inferior vena cava is usually distended, with diminished respiratory collapse. In tricuspid regurgitation, contrast injected into an arm appears in the inferior vena cava during the "v" wave. "A-wave synchronous" inferior vena cava contrast or a contrast appearance unrelated to the cardiac cycle, frequently with deep inspiration, does not suggest tricuspid regurgitation. PMID- 6804503 TI - Appearance of normal pancreatic duct: a study using real-time ultrasound. PMID- 6804504 TI - Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for assessing ultrasonic imaging system performance and for training ultrasonographers: part I. AB - Three prototype anthropomorphic breast phantoms are discussed. The phantoms were constructed using ultrasonically tissue-mimicking materials; these materials mimic various tissue parenchymae in terms of attenuation, speed of sound, density, and scatter level. Realistic artifacts related to refraction and reflection at interfaces between different simulated parenchymae are produced. The phantoms represent premenopausal breasts, and they complement one another. Two of them represent the dense breasts of women under 30 years of age, and one represents that of a woman between 35 and 40 years of age. Of the former two, one produces what is apparently above-average refraction effects in the region of the peripheral fat layer; the other produces more typical refraction effects. Simulated tumors, cysts, and calcifications of various sizes are suspended in the glandular regions. Such phantoms are valuable for use in developmental testing of state-of-the-art ultrasound machines, quality assurance testing of clinical machines, and training of sonographers in breast imaging. PMID- 6804499 TI - Disruption of the diaphragmatic echoes: a sonographic sign of diaphragmatic disease. PMID- 6804505 TI - Sonography of biliary worms (ascariasis). PMID- 6804507 TI - Hydramnios in association with unilateral fetal hydronephrosis. PMID- 6804506 TI - Echocardiographic findings in rheumatic mitral valve disease with chordal rupture. PMID- 6804508 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of jugular venous aneurysm. PMID- 6804509 TI - Posterior fossa arachnoid cyst demonstrated by ultrasound. PMID- 6804502 TI - Ultrasonic diagnosis of nuchal encirclement by the umbilical cord: a case and methodological report. PMID- 6804501 TI - Initial diastolic indentation of the mitral valve in aortic insufficiency. AB - An abnormal diastolic indentation of the mitral valve has been noted on short axis two-dimensional echocardiograms in patients with aortic insufficiency. In order to assess the clinical usefulness of this finding, we reviewed the echocardiograms of 18 patients with this lesion who had undergone cineaortography. Results were compared with those of a control group of 100 patients. Initial diastolic indentation of the anterior mitral leaflet occurred in 8 of 12 patients with 3+ to 4+ aortic insufficiency. None of the patients with lesser regurgitation and no patients from the control group demonstrated this pattern. The presence of this abnormality appears to be a specific indicator of critical aortic insufficiency. PMID- 6804510 TI - Digital Fourier techniques in the diagnosis and quantification of aortic stenosis with pulsed-Doppler echocardiography. AB - Pulsed Doppler echocardiography and digital Fourier analysis were utilized to examine flow distal to the aortic valve and to quantify aortic stenosis. A graphic index of parameters derived from velocity spectrum patterns generated by Fourier analysis was regressed against mean systolic pressure gradients in 21 adults with clinical evidence of aortic stenosis who underwent catheterization studies and five normal adults (r = .82). Correlation improved in the absence of regurgitation (r = .92). Sensitivity for detecting gradients greater than 30 mmHg was 86%; specificity was 90%. Doppler spectral analysis shows promise in alleviating the need for many invasive studies. PMID- 6804511 TI - Evaluation of the peak frequency ratio (PFR) measurement in the detection of internal carotid artery stenosis. AB - The peak frequency ratio (PFR) between the internal carotid and common carotid artery Fast Fourier Transform Spectral Analysis patterns has been used to identify patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. To evaluate further the accuracy of the PFR, we applied it to the spectral analysis data from 396 vessels whose sound signals were obtained with a Duplex scanner (pulsed Doppler) and 246 arteries whose audible flow data were generated by a continuous-wave Doppler. The pulse Doppler with spectral analysis (PD/SA) correctly identified 221/254 (87%) of the vessels with less than 50% angiographic stenosis, 81/100 (81%) of the arteries with 50-99% stenosis, and 35/42 (83%) of the totally occluded internal carotid vessels for an overall accuracy of 85%. The continuous-wave Doppler with spectral analysis (CW/SA) did well in two categories but had an unacceptably high 47% false-negative rate for arteries with 50-99% stenosis. The PFR when applied to PD/SA test results is a useful parameter in screening patients with suspected internal carotid artery stenosis. PMID- 6804512 TI - Prospective evaluation of the sonographic Murphy sign in suspected acute cholecystitis. AB - The sonographic Murphy sign, the presence of maximal tenderness elicited over a sonographically localized gallbladder, has been considered useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. We prospectively evaluated this sign in 427 consecutive patients referred for evaluation of acute cholecystitis. The overall accuracy of the sonographic Murphy sign in the 219 patients with sufficient confirmation to be included in the statistical analysis was 87.2%. Sensitivity was 63% and specificity was 93.6%. The predictive value of a positive sign was 72.5%, while the predictive value of a negative sign was 90.5%. The sonographic Murphy sign is a useful, albeit imperfect, adjunct in the assessment of patients with suspected acute cholecystitis. PMID- 6804513 TI - Microbubble formation: in vitro and in vivo observation. AB - Injection of liquid through a catheter into the circulation is known to produce clouds of signals detected by sonography. Blood forced through a stenotic conduit produced sonographic clouding, and bubbles of 10-100 microns were observed were observed by light microscopy. The microbubbles persisted up to three and a half minutes. Microbubbles were observed in the microcirculation of the rat by placing the catheter tip into the descending aorta of 15 animals, viewing the mesentery at 400X magnification, and recording the results on videotape. Following injection of the rats' own blood, numerous microbubbles lodged promptly at the arteriolar level and obstructed blood flow for up to 200 sec before shrinking sufficiently to pass downstream and allow restitution of flow. PMID- 6804514 TI - Real-time echocardiographic features of intrapericardial teratoma. PMID- 6804515 TI - Mid-systolic closure of the pulmonary valve in a case of membranous septal aneurysm. PMID- 6804516 TI - Enlargement of the iliopsoas bursa: unusual cause of cystic mass on pelvic sonogram. PMID- 6804517 TI - Giant renal artery aneurysm mimicking a simple cyst on ultrasound. PMID- 6804518 TI - Ultrasound-directed paracentesis of massive fetal ascites. PMID- 6804519 TI - Elephantiasis of the scrotum. PMID- 6804520 TI - False echocardiographic diagnosis of ruptured acquired sinus of Valsalva aneurysm. PMID- 6804521 TI - Anthropomorphic breast phantoms for assessing ultrasonic imaging system performance and for training ultrasonographers: part II. AB - Three prototype anthropomorphic breast phantoms are discussed. The phantoms were constructed using ultrasonically tissue-mimicking materials; these materials mimic various tissue parenchymae in terms of attenuation, speed of sound, density, and scatter level. Realistic artifacts related to refraction and reflection at interfaces between different simulated parenchymae are produced. The phantoms represent premenopausal breasts, and they complement one another. Two of them represent the dense breasts of women under 30 years of age, and one represents that of a woman between 35 and 40 years of age. Of the former two, one produces what is apparently above-average refraction effects in the region of the peripheral fat layer; the other produces more typical refraction effects. Simulated tumors, cysts, and calcifications of various sizes are suspended in the glandular regions. Such phantoms are valuable for use in developmental testing of state-of-the-art ultrasound machines, quality assurance testing of clinical machines, and training of sonographers in breast imaging. PMID- 6804522 TI - "Amebic abscess: Sonographic Followup of persistent hepatic defects in two patients one year after successful treatment for amebiasis of the liver". PMID- 6804523 TI - Renal transitional cell carcinoma: sonographic and pathologic correlation. AB - Sonography was utilized to assess six patients with renal transitional cell carcinoma and was correlated with gross pathology in five cases. The neoplasms were seen as discrete, solid masses causing separation of the central renal sinus echoes. The echogenicity of the tumors and the renal parenchyma was similar, but the neoplasms were separated from the renal parenchyma by a linear echogenic zone of renal sinus fat. Pelvicaliceal blood clots, when markedly echogenic, could be differentiated from transitional cell carcinomas. Sonography contributed most in evaluating unilateral nonvisualized kidney or in the presence of nonfilling of the affected pelvicalices on excretory urography. PMID- 6804524 TI - The timing of a repeat ultrasound examination in the evaluation for ectopic pregnancy. AB - A method is described for timing a repeat ultrasound examination in patients evaluated for ectopic pregnancy in whom the findings are initially non diagnostic. This method is based on measuring the serum hCG at the time of the initial ultrasound examination, which allows the time interval required for the serum hCG to exceed 6500 mIU/ml to be calculated. When the serum hCG is above this level, the gestational sac of an intrauterine pregnancy can be reliably identified, and failure to do so signifies ectopic gestation. Seven patients referred for ultrasound to rule out ectopic pregnancy had initially nondiagnostic findings. In each case, a correctly-timed repeat examination, demonstrating a gestational sac, enabled the diagnosis to be excluded. PMID- 6804525 TI - Real-time ultrasound and pulsed Doppler evaluation of the retroplacental clear area. AB - The retroplacental clear area is a hypoechoic region at the placental-endometrial interface which is frequently demonstrated with high-resolution equipment. During pulsed Doppler examination of the retroplacental clear area, venous signals were obtained in 26 of 27 cases. This is strong evidence that this region is composed of dilated veins. PMID- 6804526 TI - The clinical significance of dilatation of the collecting system in the transplanted kidney. AB - The significance of dilatation of the collecting system of the transplanted kidney and its relationship to bladder distention was reviewed in 39 renal recipients examined by sonography (94 studies). The degree of pelvicaliceal (PCS), ureteral, and bladder distention was graded and correlated with the 24-h urine output, nuclear renal scan, and clinical follow-up. marked PCS distention can indicate obstruction (33%), especially when there is no associated bladder distention (60%) and a fluid collection lies along the path of the ureter. The 24 hr urine output did not influence the degree of PCS distention. PMID- 6804527 TI - Empirical findings relating sample volume size to diagnostic accuracy in pulsed Doppler cerebrovascular studies. AB - Ultrasonic duplex scanning has a sensitivity of 97% in detecting disease of the carotid bulb. However, the specificity is much less, being 37%. The error in distinguishing normal arteries from those with minimal disease appears to be in part related to the size of the sample volume of the pulsed Doppler. This paper addresses the importance of the features of scan head design in relation to distinguishing normal and diseased arteries. PMID- 6804528 TI - Echocardiographic manifestations of carcinoid heart disease. PMID- 6804529 TI - Ultrasonic evaluation of chronic sporotrichosis. PMID- 6804530 TI - Spontaneous echocardiographic contrast on the right side of the heart. PMID- 6804531 TI - Unusual ultrasonographic appearance of a solid schwannoma. PMID- 6804532 TI - Malignant ovarian tumors simulating hydatidiform mole on ultrasound. PMID- 6804533 TI - Percutaneous nephrostomy utilizing B-mode and real-time ultrasound guidance: the lateral approach and puncture facilitation with furosemide. PMID- 6804534 TI - An evaluation of the API-20 STREP system. PMID- 6804535 TI - Relationship of diazepam serum level to antianxiety effects. PMID- 6804536 TI - The effect of neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine treatment on synaptogenesis in the visual cortex of the rat. AB - It has been proposed repeatedly that the noradrenergic (NE) system may exert an influence on cortical development. We have tested this proposition by examining synaptogenesis in the visual cortex of rats whose NE afferents were selectively lesioned by injections of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Control littermates were injected with equal volumes of vehicle. Montages of electron micrographs covering approximately 50 micrometers-wide strips of cortex were assembled from both groups of animals at 2,4,6,8,14, and 90 days of age. Synapse counts revealed a significantly higher density of synapses in the cortex of 6 OHDA-treated rats during the first week of postnatal life. The difference between the experimental and control rats was less apparent during the second postnatal week, and at day 90 the densities of synapses were similar for the two groups of animals. The enhanced density, which was the result of the increased number of Gray's type I synapses, was confined to the subplate region at day 2 but became more widespread in the cortex at subsequent stages of development. From these observations it would appear that the NE system exerts an inhibitory influence on synapse formation in the visual cortex in early postnatal life. PMID- 6804537 TI - Positron emission tomography with 68Ga-EDTA in the diagnosis and localization of csf fistulas. AB - Five patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were investigated with computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) to localize the site of a CSF fistula. After intrathecal injection of 10 MBq of 68Ga-EDTA, radioactivity was demonstrated in the basal cisterns. In three cases, the site of the fistula was visualized with PET. It is not always possible to demonstrate a CSF leakage with CT cisternography (CTC) using metrizamide, particularly in cases with minute fistulas or intermittent CSF rhinorrhea. With further experience and improved PET techniques, it may be possible to detect even very small fistulas. PMID- 6804538 TI - The HMO movement. Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the New London County Dental Society. PMID- 6804539 TI - The bicuspid occlusion. PMID- 6804540 TI - Drug induced changes in oral tissue. PMID- 6804541 TI - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate with metastasis to the mandible. PMID- 6804543 TI - The value of related diagnostic casts in complete denture planning. PMID- 6804542 TI - Health hazard: the inappropriate use of corticosteroids in dentistry. PMID- 6804544 TI - Dental health in a group of migrant children in Connecticut. PMID- 6804546 TI - Special considerations influencing the restoration of the lower first bicuspid. PMID- 6804547 TI - Stress: a serious problem in dentistry. PMID- 6804548 TI - Mandatory continuing education: cost versus benefit. PMID- 6804545 TI - Tetracycline in the treatment of periodontal disease: review of current literature. PMID- 6804549 TI - Effect of intravenous supplements of L-methionine on milk yield and composition in cows given silage-cereal diets. AB - Eight cows in mid lactation and receiving a diet of perennial ryegrass silage and barley (70:30 on a DM basis) were given intravenous supplements of L-methionine (8 g/d). The methionine treatment had no significant effect on milk yield, protein content or lactose content, but increased milk fat content and yield by approximately 10% (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6804550 TI - Inorganic constituents of milk. III. The colloidal calcium phosphate of cow's milk. AB - Experiments involving the depletion of milk calcium phosphate (MCP) with EDTA have shown that it has a Ca to phosphate ratio of 1.61 +/- 0.04, close to that of dental enamel. The calcium phosphate also contains small amounts of citrate (citrate/Pi = 0.097 +/- 0.011 and Mg (Mg/Pi = 0.044 +/- 0.011). These experiments and model calculations indicate that the Ca binding capacity of casein is not reduced by mineralization with calcium phosphate and hence that ion binding sites and nucleation sites are distinct, or nearly so. Calculations of the ionic equilibria in the aqueous phase of milk show that there is an invariant ion activity product for a molecular formula close to that of dicalcium phosphate. It is suggested that MCP is a mixture of salts, with dicalcium phosphate a precursor of more basic salts such as octacalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. PMID- 6804551 TI - Aflatoxin M1 in manufactured dairy products produced in the United States in 1979. AB - In a 1979 survey of manufactured dairy products (992 samples of nonfat dry milk, vanilla ice cream, yogurt, Cheddar cheese, and cottage cheese) for aflatoxin M1 contamination, one sample, a cottage cheese, had detectable aflatoxin equivalent to .08 ng/ml in the milk from which the product was made. Samples were taken by Food and Drug District inspectors from randomly selected establishments at three times throughout the year. The distribution of sample quotas to each District was weighted to double the representation of establishments in the southern tier of states. The conclusion from this survey is that in a "normal" year aflatoxin M1 should not be in a manufactured dairy product in the United States at a level in excess of that from milk with .1 ng aflatoxin M1/ml. PMID- 6804552 TI - Effects of thyroprotein on excretion of polychlorinated biphenyls by lactating cows. PMID- 6804553 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute respiratory failure of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, secondary pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale. AB - We have studied the hemodynamic effects of an intravenous single dose of nitroglycerin in 13 patients with secondary pulmonary hypertension and Cor Pulmonale, during the acute course of respiratory failure and under assisted ventilation. We observed a significant decrease in systolic, diastolic and mean pulmonary arterial pressures, and in pulmonary resistance and systolic right ventricular work index, without any change in right or left pre-loads. The systolic arterial pressure decreased slightly, without any change in cardiac index or diastolic pressure. The arterial and mixed venous oxygen contents, and the pulmonary shunting ( Qs/Qt) were unchanged. These results suggest that nitroglycerin may be a useful therapy in patients in the acute stages of pulmonary hypertension resulting from chronic lung disease and under assisted ventilation. In addition, the lack of change in cardiac index, intrapulmonary shunting and oxygen content suggests that this decrease in pulmonary resistance is not linked with any deleterious effect in oxygen transfer. PMID- 6804554 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin perfusion techniques--clinical implications. AB - Two types of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG) perfusion sets were studied using laboratory techniques. A known concentration of NTG was placed in each of these sets, and an evaluation was made as to the dose of NTG actually received by the patient after passage of the NTG solution through the sets. Set number one consisted of a glass container and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing. After passage through this set, there was a rapid and significant decrease in the NTG concentration, i.e. the dose actually received by the patient is less than the dose theoretically administered. Set number two consisted of a polypropylene syringe and polyethylene tubing. After passage through this set, there was no significant change in the NTG concentration, i.e. the patient receives the full theoretical dose. PMID- 6804555 TI - Modified ragweed extract. PMID- 6804557 TI - Sponge glycoconjugates: immunological properties and localization by fluorescent antibodies and lectins. AB - By immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis, glycoconjugates previously isolated from a sponge, Spongia officinalis, and fractionated on lectins, showed identical immunological behaviour which was species specific. By fluorescent antiserum and lectins, these glycoconjugates were located on sections of two sponges, S. officinalis and Chondrosia reniformis. A strong pericellular staining occurred together with a diffused labeling. PMID- 6804556 TI - Female preponderance in diuretic-associated hypokalemia: a retrospective study in seven long-term care facilities. AB - A retrospective review of the medical records of 161 geriatric nursing-home patients receiving diuretics alone or in combination with potassium supplements or potassium sparing-diuretics revealed a 13.7 per cent overall prevalence of hypokalemia. The prevalence of hypokalemia in patients receiving diuretics alone, diuretics with potassium supplements, and potassium-sparing diuretics with kaliuretic diuretics were similar. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence of hypokalemia in women (16.4 per cent) compared with men (3.0 per cent), P less than 0.05. In patients taking non-chloride salts of potassium, there was a significantly higher prevalence of hypokalemia than in those taking the chloride salt (3.6 per cent vs. 8 per cent, P less than 0.025). Seven per cent of patients taking diuretics with potassium supplements and 11.5 per cent of patients taking potassium-sparing diuretics had hyperkalemia. Thus, although many elderly women taking diuretics may have hypokalemia routine potassium supplementation for all non-digitalized geriatric patients receiving diuretics does not seem to be indicated. PMID- 6804558 TI - In vivo effects of prostaglandin E2 and arachidonic acid on phagocytosis of fluorescent methacrylate microbeads by rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - Several studies have suggested that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) might influence the phagocytic activity of macrophage cells. The present study was designed to examine the in vivo effects of PGE2, the prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor meclofenamate, the prostaglandin precursor arachidonic acid, and the biologically inactive fatty acid 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid on phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophage cells in the rat. Following 3 days of treatment with either agent, fluorescent methacrylate microbeads were injected intraperitoneally into all rats. Peritoneal exudates were harvested after administration of the microbeads and the percent phagocytosis determined in macrophage cells using a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS II). The administration of PGE2 was associated with a significant decrease in the percentage of peritoneal macrophages ingesting the fluorescent methacrylate microbeads. In contrast, treatment with arachidonic acid or 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid significantly enhanced the percentage of phagocytic macrophage cells. A significant increase in the number of macrophages undergoing phagocytosis of the methacrylate microbeads was also observed in rats treated with meclofenamate. This later observation, taken together with the inhibitory effect induced by PGE2 on macrophage phagocytosis, points to a potential modulator role of PGE2 on the phagocytic activity of macrophages. These data also suggest that arachidonic acid might influence macrophage phagocytosis by a mechanism independent of PGE2. PMID- 6804559 TI - On "Comparison of horseradish peroxidase visualization methods". PMID- 6804560 TI - The ageing ovary. AB - Studies on the endocrine function of the ageing ovary are briefly reviewed. In the perimenopausal years, follicular function can become defective, leading to variable and often shortened cycle length and frequent anovulation. In the postmenopausal period the ovarian stromal cells continue to secrete variable amounts of steroid, mainly androgens. The endocrine activity of the postmenopausal ovary is generally too low to cause clinical symptoms. Occasional cases of hirsutism and even virilization have been reported in postmenopausal women with non-neoplastic lesions of the ovary. PMID- 6804561 TI - Asymmetrical surface IgG on MOPC-21 plasmacytoma cells contains membrane heavy chain and one secretory heavy chain. AB - Membrane proteins from the B lymphomas WEHI-231 and 2PK3 and from the plasmacytomas MPC-11 and MOPC-21 were radioiodinated in situ by the lactoperoxidase method and were subjected to two-dimensional (nonreduced, reduced) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Few heavily labeled membrane proteins were composed of disulfide-bonded subunits. One such protein (m.w. 200,000 intact and 116,000 reduced) shared some properties with the PC-1 alloantigen, although it was not conclusively identified. A second major disulfide-bonded protein (m.w. 200,000 intact and 95,000 reduced) has been identified previously as the receptor for transferrin. Membrane immunoglobulins of WEHI-231 (IgM) and 2PK3 (IgG2a) had the expected subunit structure, whereas membrane immunoglobulin was not detected on MPC-11. In contrast, surface IgG1 of MOPC-21 appeared to consist almost entirely of hybrid molecules containing one membrane gamma 1 chain and one secretory gamma 1 chain. This hybrid IgG molecule appeared to exist in both monomeric and dimeric forms. It is concluded that i) the synthetic and assembly mechanisms of secretory and membrane IgG1 are shared; ii) there are no special mechanisms to prevent pairing of membrane and secretory gamma 1 chains; iii) the presence of one hydrophobic tail is sufficient for membrane insertion of gamma 1 chains; and iv) the C terminal extension cysteine residues of membrane gamma 1 chains in hybrid IgG molecules are either unpaired or may allow the formation of hybrid IgG dimers. PMID- 6804562 TI - Induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) by allogeneic intraocular tumors does not require splenic metastases. AB - Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID), induced by intracameral injection of allogeneic tumor cells, is expressed in three distinct ways: 1) progressive growth of intraocular tumors, 2) specific suppression of systemic allograft immunity, and 3) transient growth of allogeneic tumors injected subcutaneously. Induction of ACAID requires that alloantigen presentation occur via the anterior chamber; injection by other routes failed to elicit this phenomenon. Antigenic material must remain in the anatomically intact eye for at least 10 days; removal of the injected dye before this time prevented the establishment of ACAID. The similar temporal requirement for an anatomically intact spleen confirms the validity of the concept of a camero-splenic axis for processing of intracamerally injected alloantigens. Deployment of an alternate model of ACAID, using LP/J mice injected intracamerally with B16F10 melanoma, showed the antigen-specific inductive signal for ACAID (transmitted via the camero-splenic axis) was not in the form of viable alloantigen-bearing tumor cells that metastasize to the spleen. B16F10 melanoma cells were never found in the spleens or any other extraocular sites after intracameral injection, despite the fact these mice manifested ACAID and harbored enormous ocular tumors. The data emphasize that intraocular processing of antigens is a unique and dynamic phenomenon with significant, systemic immunologic consequences. PMID- 6804563 TI - Increase of hybridoma formation by human lymphocytes after stimulation in vitro; effect of antigen, endothelial cells, and PWM. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from antibody-producing Rh- donors were fused with mouse myeloma cells, and the hybrids were screened for anti-Rh antibody production. Although the resulting hybrids were not stable in long-term culture, they provided a useful test system for an investigation of ways to stimulate human lymphocytes in vitro before fusion in order to maximize the recovery of hybrids producing antibodies with a desired specificity. Although 6-day culture with PWM or with antigen (Rh+ erythrocytes) increased slightly the yield of desired hybrids, exposure of the PBL to antigen in the presence of human endothelial cells was dramatically more effective. This effect was not produced with endothelial cell culture supernatants (HECS) that had been shown previously to enhance hybridoma growth. Culture of PBL before fusion with both PWM and antigen also improved the proportion of active hybridomas, and incubation with antigen plus endothelial cells plus PWM resulted in a very high number of hybridomas, with a very high proportion producing antibody to the immunizing antigen. There are several alternatives to explain the mechanisms involved, but in any case, the technique should be particularly useful when the possibility of fusion of human PBL with a human myeloma line becomes more widely available. PMID- 6804564 TI - Preferential idiotype-isotype associations in antibodies to dinitrophenyl antigens. AB - Murine IgG antibodies to DNP-protein are predominantly IgG1 and IgG2 whereas those against DNP-Ficoll (DNP-F) are mainly IgG3. Isotype restriction in this and other systems may mean that certain heavy chain variable regions (VH) are preferentially associated with particular constant regions (CH) in the immune response. We studied idiotypes of several monoclonal antibodies to DNP in an effort to identify VH regions that may be restricted in this way. Two idiotypes, 7-17 and 8-11, identified on IgG3 hybridomas raised against DNP-Ficoll, were expressed prominently both in immune sera and by IgG3-secreting plaque-forming cells (PFC) against DNP-F. By contrast, these idiotypes were barely detectable in antisera to DNP-proteins and were not expressed by IgG1- or IgG2-secreting PFC. Thus, the 7-17, and 8-11 idiotypes may be restricted to IgG3 and to responses to T-independent DNP antigens. Conversely, the 460 idiotype was expressed prominently in antisera to DNP-proteins but only weakly in antisera to DNP-F. The 460 idiotype was found on IgG1 and IgG2 PFC but not on PFC secreting IgG3. These results suggest that in heterogeneous immune responses to a single antigenic determinant, certain VH regions may be preferentially associated with particular CH isotypes. PMID- 6804565 TI - Complement-induced solubilization of C-reactive protein-pneumococcal C polysaccharide precipitates: evidence for covalent binding of complement proteins to C-reactive protein and to pneumococcal C-polysaccharide. AB - Insoluble precipitates between C-reactive protein and pneumococcal C polysaccharide were solubilized by fresh but not heat-inactivated human serum. Solubilization was dependent on the C-reactive protein to C-polysaccharide ratio and the serum concentration and proceeded optimally at 37 degrees C. On 12 to 30% sucrose density gradients solubilized complexes sedimented as a broad peak between the 7S region and the bottom of the tube. In C2-deficient human serum, solubilization was delayed by 30 min and then proceeded at a slow rate. Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that C3, C4, C5, and to a lesser extent C1q were deposited on solubilized complexes. After dissociating solubilized complexes with EDTA, a considerable percentage of C-polysaccharide coprecipitated with C3, C4, and C5, whereas C-reactive protein coprecipitated with only C3. SDS PAGE analysis of solubilized precipitates indicated the formation of covalent complexes between fragments of C3 and both C-polysaccharide and C-reactive protein. PMID- 6804566 TI - Effects of oxygen radical scavengers and antioxidants on phagocyte-induced mutagenesis. AB - Phagocytic leukocytes from normal humans can produce mutations in bacteria. To define further the role of oxygen radicals in this mutagenic process, we performed experiments in which scavengers or antioxidants were added to the incubation of phagocytes and bacteria. We found that 1) superoxide dismutase, catalase, mannitol, and benzoate were all capable of inhibiting mutation, 2) sulfhydryl compounds and vitamin E were also inhibitory, and 3) the presence of vitamin C in the incubations increased the mutation frequency. These data suggest an important role for hydroxyl radicals in mediating phagocyte-induced mutations. PMID- 6804569 TI - The capacity of activated murine macrophages for augmented binding of neoplastic cells: analysis of induction by lymphokine containing MAF and kinetics of the reaction. AB - The capacity for augmented binding of tumor cells is an initial and necessary part of macrophage-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. To study the induction of binding capacity, we obtained FCS-elicited, inflammatory macrophages from C57BL/6J mice. Exposure of these macrophages to lymphokine(s) containing MAF induced augmented binding capacity in a dose-dependent fashion. Resident peritoneal macrophages did not respond to lymphokine, and endotoxin did not appreciably influence induction of binding. Maximum induction of binding required continuous interaction between macrophages and lymphokine for 6 to 10 hr. The conditions necessary for induction of binding closely paralleled those for induction of priming or cytolysis. Exposure of FCS-elicited macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice, although not of macrophages from A/J mice, induced augmented binding. The data suggest that the augmented capacity for binding tumor cells is induced by lymphokine(s) and that a major part of induction of priming for cytolysis by MAF is induction of such binding. PMID- 6804573 TI - The dental consultant and long term care facilities. PMID- 6804567 TI - Naturally occurring antibodies against nine common antigens in humans sera. II. High incidence of monoclonal Ig exhibiting antibody activity against actin and tubulin and sharing antibody specificities with natural antibodies. PMID- 6804571 TI - Relationship of oculo-auriculo-vertebral dysplasia with mandibulofacial dysostosis. PMID- 6804570 TI - Loss of surface-bound antibody accompanying the anti-complementary modulation of leukemic B cell immunoglobulin: contrasting effects of antibodies directed against idiotypic and constant regions. AB - Guinea pig L2C leukemic lymphocytes display at their surfaces monoclonal IgM, which when compared with antibody undergoes rapid redistribution and variable endocytosis. One consequence of this is that the cells can prove resistant to lysis by complement subsequently added to the system, a process termed here anti complementary modulation. We studied quantitatively the extent of antibody loss accompanying the modulation by radioimmunolabeling the cell surfaces with 125I Fab' gamma fragments from an anti-antibody. Antibody directed against the constant region of the IgG light chain (anti-lambda) gave modulation effective against syngeneic (guinea pig strain 2) complement that closely paralleled the disappearance of anti-lambda from the cell surfaces. Antibody directed against the idiotypic region of the light chain (anti-Id) was as effective as anti-lambda in modulating against syngeneic complement. However, the bulk of the anti-Id was seen by radioimmunolabeling to persist on the surfaces of the resistant cells, even after prolonged exposure at 37 degrees C, and was shown by immunofluorescence to be in a patched configuration. In contrast to the results with syngeneic complement, modulation effective against rabbit complement appeared to have an absolute requirement for clearing of the antibody: thus anti lambda could modulate, anti-Id could not. The differences observed between anti lambda and anti-Id could not be accounted for by differences in their isotypic (Ig subclass) composition nor by the numbers of antibody molecules bound. Studies with directly fluoresceinated and 125I-labeled anti-lambda revealed endocytosis rather than shedding was the major route of antibody loss from the cell surfaces over the period of anti-complementary modulation. The findings are discussed in relation to mechanisms that enable leukemic B lymphocytes to escape destruction when confronted by antibody and complement. PMID- 6804568 TI - I-A antigens on cloned alloreactive murine T lymphocytes are acquired passively. AB - Cloned lines of alloreactive cytolytic and amplifier T lymphocytes have been examined for expression of I-A antigens. Using flow cytofluorometry and monoclonal antibodies, MHC antigens representing both I-A and H-2K or D determinants were reproducibly detected on the cell surface of these cloned T lymphocytes. All cloned lines examined expressed H-2K or D antigens representing the MHC haplotype appropriate to their strain of origin. However, I-A as well as H-2K or D antigens appeared to be acquired passively from the stimulating cell population. Within the lower limits of detection using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, evidence suggesting endogenous synthesis of I-A antigens by these cloned T lymphocytes could not be demonstrated. Further, the observed binding appeared to be nonspecific, because material originating from allogeneic, syngeneic, or third-party stimulating cells could be observed under appropriate conditions. PMID- 6804574 TI - Maxwell Finland lecture. Resistance to infection with the gonococcus. PMID- 6804575 TI - Effect of chemicals, heat, and histopathologic processing on high-infectivity hamster-adapted scrapie virus. AB - High-titered (greater than 10(10) LD50 [50% lethal dose[/g) preparations of scrapie virus-infected hamster brain were subjected to inactivation by various chemicals, autoclaving, and histopathologic processing. Sodium hypochlorite, which reduced infectivity by approximately 4 log LD50/g of brain (99.99%), was somewhat superior to sodium metaperiodate and clearly superior to chlorine dioxide, Lysol (National Laboratories, Montvale, N.J.), iodine, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide. Most inactivation occurred within 15-30 min of exposure to a chemical, and little if any additional inactivation occurred after 1 hr. Brains processed for histopathologic examination (formalin fixation followed by dehydration in methanol, clearing in chloroform, and embedding in paraffin) retained greater than or equal to 6.8 log LD50/g of the infectivity present in unprocessed control tissues (9.6 log LD50/g). One hour in an autoclave at 121 C reduced the titer of scrapie virus by approximately 7.5 log LD50/g of brain but left 2.5 log LD50/g of residual infectivity. A combination of exposure to chemicals and autoclaving may be necessary to sterilize high-titered scrapie virus-infected tissue. PMID- 6804577 TI - Infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare and the protective effects of Bacille Calmette-Guerin. AB - The protective efficacies of bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) were examined in guinea pigs that were infected by the respiratory route with one of three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: two strains obtained as recent sputum isolates from an ongoing BCG trial in south India and laboratory strain H37Rv. Groups of animals were given all combinations of two treatments with BCG, MAI, or placebo and than challenged. The numbers of tubercle bacilli recovered from the primary lung lesions, primary lesion-free lung lobes, and spleens were used to estimate the relative protective effects of the various treatments. In general, BCG and MAI protected equally well against the low-virulence strain of M. tuberculosis. For the two more virulent strains the results were less clear; however, a substantial protective effect of MAI compared with BCG was noted. Infection with MAI did not significantly alter the capacity of BCG to protect against tuberculous infection. PMID- 6804579 TI - Protection against natural infection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in mice. PMID- 6804572 TI - Immunoglobulin allotypes and immune response to meningococcal polysaccharides A and C. AB - Serum samples were collected from 113 healthy Caucasian volunteers before and after vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharides (MPS) group A and group C. Antibodies to MPS group A and group C were measured and sera were typed for several Gm and Km(1) allotypes. A significant association was found between the Gm 1,3,17; 5,13,14,21 phenotype and low immune responsiveness to MPS group A. These results suggest the possible existence of an immunoglobulin allotype-linked immune suppression (Is) gene(s) in man. PMID- 6804578 TI - A plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase from Achromobacter species. AB - An unusual cephalosporinase in Achromobacter species was characterized biochemically; the enzyme had a pI of 8.1 and a molecular mass of 36,200 daltons, and it was not inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate or cloxacillin. Specific antiserum neutralized enzymatic activity. Agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA of two strains (MULB 906 and MULB 912) revealed at least three plasmid bands; cured strains demonstrated a simultaneous loss of beta-lactamase and plasmid DNA. Resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was transferred by transformation of Escherichia coli strain HB101 with plasmid DNA. This plasmid-mediated beta lactamase differed from the two types of chromosomal cephalosporinases (pI 7.4 and 9.3, respectively) found in a survey of clinical isolates of Achromobacter species. This enzyme also differed in its biochemical properties from all of the other known plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. PMID- 6804576 TI - Toxoid from exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: preparation and characterization. AB - Toxoid was prepared by treating exotoxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with formalin. Coincubation of exotoxin A for two to four weeks at 37 degrees C with 0.5% formalin and 10(-3) M lysine followed by one to two weeks of storage in the absence of these reagents reduced cytotoxicity, preserved antigenicity, and minimized subsequent reversion of the toxoid. Formalin enhanced the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosyl transferase activity of the toxin while decreasing its toxicity, whereas formalin plus lysine reduced both. Although no antigenic changes were detected by immunodiffusion analysis, analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed minor alterations in the toxin structure. Toxoid induced high titers of antibody to exotoxin A in the sera of mice and rabbits. Antiserum to toxoid neutralized mouse lethality, cytotoxicity, and ADP-ribosyl transferase activity of untreated exotoxin A. Toxoid-immunized mice were resistant to large doses of exotoxin A administered iv. PMID- 6804582 TI - [Radioeffects on the advanced breast cancer treated preoperatively by a single large dose irradiation method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804580 TI - [Effects of UFT administered preoperatively in cases of gastric cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804581 TI - [A case of the malignant thymic carcinoid survived relatively longer period by the multidisciplinary treatment (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804584 TI - Structural studies on an IgM-lambda pyroglobulin. AB - An IgM-lambda pyroglobulin from a patient with Waldenstrom's syndrome was studied. Heavy and light chains were separated and their N-terminal amino acid sequence determined. The heavy chain was unblocked and belonged to the VHIII subclass, and the light chain belonged to the lambda I subclass. Factors influencing pyroprecipitability were examined through experiments designed to study some of the physical and chemical properties of an IgM-lambda pyroglobulin. Pyroprecipitability was affected by pH, ionic strength, urea, and reducing agents, suggesting an involvement of noncovalent electrostatic interactions. It was also demonstrated through recombinant experiments that it is necessary to have covalently joined homologous heavy and light chains in pentameric form for pyroprecipitation to occur. Since neither heavy nor light chains had any unique structural features, the reasons for this property remain obscure but may reflect the result of conformational factors. PMID- 6804583 TI - Effects of hyperosmolality on calcium mobilization in renal inner medulla: relationship to alterations in prostaglandin E synthesis. AB - Hypertonic NaCl and mannitol stimulate the release of [14C]arachidonate and iPGE from rat inner medullary slices, whereas hypertonic urea suppresses these same parameters. Since numerous observations indicate that arachidonate release and PG synthesis in this tissue are Ca2+-dependent processes, we examined the possibility that the divergent actions of these solutes were related to differential effects on Ca2+ availability in inner medullary slices. Inner medullary slices prelabeled with [45Ca2+] were initially perfused with 305 mOsm Krebs' buffer followed by perfusion with buffer whose osmolality was raised by the addition of 1000 mOsm NaCl, mannitol, or urea. The [45Ca2+] efflux rate coefficient, an index of Ca2+ mobilization, was determined from the release of [45Ca2+]. In Ca2+-replete buffer (1.5 mM Ca2+), addition of each solute markedly enhanced the efflux rate coefficient compared to that observed in the same slices during perfusion with 305 mOsm buffer. Addition of hypertonic NaCl, mannitol, or urea also clearly stimulated the efflux rate coefficient in slices initially perfused with Ca2+-free 305 mOsm buffer containing the Ca2+ chelator EGTA and/or La3+, which displaces superficially bound Ca2+. Moreover, each solute enhanced the efflux rate coefficient in mitochondrial fractions isolated from inner medullary slices that had been prelabeled with [45Ca2+] and initially perfused with 305 mOsm buffer. The latter observations support the ability of hypertonic NaCl, mannitol, and urea to mobilize Ca2+ bound to intracellular sites. Thus it is unlikely that the differential actions of these solutes on arachidonate release and iPGE synthesis in inner medullary slices are simple functions of their effects on Ca2+ availability. This is consistent with earlier findings which demonstrated that urea, but not NaCl or mannitol, directly inhibits Ca2+ dependent acyl hydrolase activity in plasma membrane and microsomal preparations of inner medullary slices. Accordingly, inhibitory effects of urea on PG synthesis may be related to its actions on this enzymatic step, rather than an effect on Ca2+ availability in inner medullary slices. PMID- 6804585 TI - Different kinetic fates of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II from lymph chylomicra of nonhuman primates. Effect of saturated versus polyunsaturated dietary fat. AB - Monkeys fed polyunsaturated fat had significantly lower plasma cholesterol (186 +/- 18 vs. 276 +/- 31 mg/dl) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) mass concentrations (466 +/- 28 vs. 518 +/- 34 mg/dl) than did animals fed saturated fat. Plasma apoA-I concentrations also were significantly lower and apoA-II levels were generally, though not significantly, lower in the group fed polyunsaturated fat. In vivo reinjection studies, using thoracic duct lymph chylomicra labeled with (131)I and HDL labeled with (125)I, were done in order to study the mechanism of plasma HDL-lowering by polyunsaturated dietary fat. The peak specific activity (SA) of HDL apoA-I derived from (131)I-labeled chylomicra occurred at 3 hr after injection (172 +/- 11% of 1 min S.A.) and then an exponential decay occurred indicative of a precursor-product relationship between chylomicron apoA-I and HDL apoA-I. In contrast, HDL apoA-II derived from (131)I labeled chylomicra had no early S.A. increase and began to die away immediately after injection. Labeled apoA-I from chylomicron and HDL origin had similar plasma fractional catabolic rates (FCR = 0.34-0.38 vs. 0.32-0.38 d(-1), respectively); apoA-II from chylomicron or HDL origin also had similar FCR (0.46 0.51 vs. 0.42-0.51 d(-1), respectively), which were significantly shorter than those for HDL apoA-I. There was a consistent trend toward a higher FCR for HDL apoA-I or A-II of polyunsaturated fat-fed recipients. Chylomicron apoA I/triglyceride and apoA-II/triglyceride mass ratios were lower in polyunsaturated fat-fed animals (A-I/TG = 1.56 x 10(-3); A-II/TG = 1.47 x 10(-3)) vs. saturated fat-fed animals (A-I/TG = 2.58 x 10(-3); A-II/TG = 2.77 x 10(-3)). It was concluded that: (1) dietary polyunsaturated fat significantly lowered plasma cholesterol, HDL, and apoA-I concentrations relative to saturated fat; (2) the HDL-lowering effect of the dietary polyunsaturated fat may be due to the combined effects of decreased apoprotein production by the intestine and increased HDL catabolism; and (3) in the blood, chylomicron apoA-I and A-II differ in their metabolic fates.-Parks, J. S., and L. L. Rudel. Different kinetic fates of apolipoproteins A-I and A-II from lymph chylomicra of nonhuman primates. Effect of saturated versus polyunsaturated dietary fat. PMID- 6804586 TI - Nutritional assessment: clinical and biometric measurements of hospital patients at risk. PMID- 6804588 TI - Blood cortisol levels in malnourished Thai children with and without acute stress. PMID- 6804589 TI - pHi, contractility and Ca-balance under hypercapnic acidosis in the myocardium of different vertebrate species. AB - The influence of hypercapnic acidosis upon the heart was examined in four vertebrate species. The CO2 in the tissue bath was increased from 2.7 to 15% at 12 degrees C for flounder (Platichthys flesus) and cod (Gadus morhua) and from 3 to 13% at 22 degrees C for turtle (Pseudemys scripta) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). During hypercapnia, as previously described, there was a decline and recovery of contractility in heart strips of flounder and turtle, and a sustained decrease in cod and rainbow trout. At high CO2 the increase in contractile force following increases in the extracellular Ca-concentration were smaller for the cod myocardium than for the other myocardia. The intracellular pH (pHi), measured with the DMO method, in heart strips of turtle and trout was significantly lower at high than at low CO2. This acidifying effect expressed as the increase in the intracellular concentration of hydrogen ions was larger in the turtle than in the trout myocardium. Intracellular Ca-activity, measured by efflux of 45Ca from preloaded heart strips, was unaffected by high CO2 in trout, but was raised in the other three species. Thus the ability to counteract the negative inotropic effect of hypercapnia is apparently not due to cellular buffering or extrusion of hydrogen ions. More probably it involves (a) a release of intracellular Ca; (b) a positive inotropic effect of an increase in intracellular Ca-activity. PMID- 6804587 TI - Cost-effectiveness analysis of computerized ECG interpretation system in an ambulatory health care organization. AB - The cost-effectiveness of a computerized ECG interpretation system in an ambulatory health care organization has been evaluated in comparison with a conventional (manual) system. The automated system was shown to be more cost effective at a minimum load of 2,500 patients/month. At larger monthly loads an even greater cost-effectiveness was found, the average cost/ECG being about $2. In the manual system the cost/unit is practically independent of patient load. This is primarily due to the fact that 87% of the cost/ECG is attributable to wages and fees of highly trained personnel. In the automated system, on the other hand, the cost/ECG is heavily dependent on examinee load. This is due to the relatively large impact of equipment depreciation on fixed (and total) cost. Utilization of a computer-assisted system leads to marked reduction in cardiologists' interpretation time, substantially shorter turnaround time (of unconfirmed reports), and potential provision of simultaneous service at several remotely located "heart stations." PMID- 6804590 TI - Streptococcal cell walls and synovial cell activation. Stimulation of synovial fibroblast plasminogen activator activity by monocytes treated with group A streptococcal cell wall sonicates and muramyl dipeptide. AB - Group A streptococcal peptidoglycan has previously been shown to be arthritogenic in rats and has been implicated as a structure present in a class of possible etiologic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. The present study reports that conditioned medium from human monocytes, after interaction with cell wall sonicates of four group A streptococcal strains, stimulates the plasminogen activator (PA) activity of nonrheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Low concentrations of N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D isoglutamine (muramyl dipeptide) can also generate this synovial activator (SA) activity from human monocytes. Preliminary biochemical data suggest that the SA activity is distinct from interferon-gamma, interleukin 1, and interleukin 2. These results indicate that agents that are arthritogenic in rats can modulate human synovial fibroblast functions via monocytes. The findings are proposed to have possible significance for an understanding of the cellular interactions involved in the formation and function of the rheumatoid pannus, because PA has been invoked as possibly being generally important for the processes of cell migration, tissue remodeling, and inflammation. PMID- 6804591 TI - In vivo therapy of a murine B cell tumor (BCL1) using antibody-ricin A chain immunotoxins. AB - Prolonged remissions were induced in mice bearing advanced BCL1 tumors by the combined approach of nonspecific cytoreductive therapy and administration of a tumor-reactive immunotoxin. Thus, the vast majority of the tumor cells (approximately 95%) were first killed by nonspecific cytoreductive therapy using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and splenectomy. The residual tumor cells were then eliminated by intravenous administration of an anti-delta immunotoxin. In three of four experiments, all animals treated in the above fashion appeared tumor free 12-16 wk later. In one experiment, blood cells from the mice in remission were transferred to normal BALB/c recipients, and the latter animals have not developed detectable tumor for the 6 mo of observation. Because 1-10 adoptively transferred BCL1 cells will cause tumor in normal BALB/c mice by 12 wk, the inability to transfer tumor to recipients might indicate that the donor animals were tumor free. In the remainder of the animals treated with the tumor reactive immunotoxin there was a substantial remission in all animals, but the disease eventually reappeared. In contrast, all mice treated with the control immunotoxin or antibody alone relapsed significantly earlier (3-4 wk after splenectomy). PMID- 6804594 TI - Properties of the vitelline coat lysin from toad sperm. PMID- 6804593 TI - Fish erythrocytes are bicarbonate permeable: problems with determining carbonic anhydrase activity using the modified boat technique. AB - Effects of foaming agents (blood plasma, bovine serum albumin, polyvinyl pyrrolidinone) and defoaming agents (octanol, n-foam) on manometric determination of carbonic anhydrase activity in intact erythrocytes of fish were examined. Foaming agents abolished the activity of red cells. Defoaming agents increased the activity and negated any differences in carbonic anhydrase activity between whole blood (red cells in plasma) and "Cortland" blood (red cells in saline). It is concluded that effects of plasma on the carbonic anhydrase activity of intact erythrocytes of fish measured using the modified boat technique are largely nonspecific and related to reagent foaming during mixing, rather than to the action of a specific enzyme inhibitor. PMID- 6804596 TI - The effect of benzyl penicillin on the ultrastructure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Electron microscopy of Neisseria gonorrhoeae grown on solid medium with a subinhibitory concentration of penicillin suggested that the amount of penicillin reaching each pair of gonococci was different, as illustrated by the ultrastructural appearance of N, gonorrhoeae cells in the colony. This supports the view that the concentration of penicillin in different parts of the colony is not uniform, causing some cells to lyse while the others remain intact. PMID- 6804595 TI - Effects of solvent and solute drag on transmembrane diffusion. AB - The present study compares and quantitates both solvent drag and solute drag forces in a system with both heteropore and homopore membranes. It is shown that tracer solute permeability can be increased if solution flow or driver solute flux is in the direction of tracer diffusion. Either force can decrease tracer permeability if the force can decrease tracer permeability if the force is opposite to the direction of tracer diffusion. The two forces can be additive or one force may reduce the effect of the other force. In the particular system quantitated, solute drag is shown to be some 300 times more effective than solvent drag on a mole-to-mole basis. The use of a number of solute pairs on other homopore and heteropore membranes confirms the finding that the two drag forces can be analyzed or manipulated in a variety of systems. PMID- 6804592 TI - Establishment of long-term monocyte suspension cultures from normal human peripheral blood. AB - The long-term suspension growth of normal, immature myeloid cells from fresh human cord blood was recently reported and required cells separated on supplemented discontinuous Percoll gradients, growth in media containing hydrocortisone and vitamins D3, and gentle, continuous agitation (13). When normal adult bone marrow (six donors) or blood from Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) seropositive donors (nine donors) was used as a source of fresh human leukocytes, only short-term proliferation of myeloid cells was achieved with the same techniques. However, when leukocytes prepared from EBV seronegative normal adult peripheral blood were used, pure populations of monocytes and macrophages that replicate slowly in liquid suspension culture for greater than 5 mo were repeatedly obtained from three independent donors. These cultures consists of several morphologically distinguishable monocytic cell types, including an approximately 20% adherent macrophage population. The monocytic nature of these cultures was confirmed by cytochemical, immunological, and functional criteria. These monocytes retain a normal chromosome pattern and can be induced to differentiate to phagocytic cells by treatment with tetradecanylphorbal acetate. Eventually, the cultures terminate as nonreplicating mature macrophages. These liquid suspension cultures should be a valuable resource for morphological, biochemical, and functional studies of developing monocyte-macrophages and their interaction with other cell types in normal and various pathological situations. PMID- 6804597 TI - The fermentation of lactulose by colonic bacteria. AB - Sixty-four strains of intestinal bacteria were cultured under anaerobic conditions in lactulose-containing media to assess their ability to ferment lactulose. Some organisms were unable to metabolize the disaccharide, while others, e.g. clostridia and lactobacilli, metabolized lactulose extensively. Quantitative analyses of the fermentation products indicated that the major non gaseous metabolites were acetic, lactic and butyric acids. Hydrogen and carbon dioxide were the only gases detected. Fermentation products were estimated for selected species throughout their growth cycles. The products of fermentation of lactulose by stool cultures varied with incubation conditions such as pH, but correlated well with those produced by pure cultures. These results are discussed in relation to the therapeutic uses of lactulose. PMID- 6804598 TI - Secretion of tyrosinase in Streptomyces glaucescens. AB - In Streptomyces glaucescens, the intracellular and the extracellular enzyme forms of tyrosinase were found to be indentical in molecular weight (29 000), in copper content (0.21%), in the 19 amino acids at the amino-terminal end and in the ratio of cresolase to catecholase activity (0,005). The tyrosinase secretion process exhibited a constant rate of 0.15 units h-1 (mg protein)-1. Under highly induced conditions intracellular tyrosinase was accumulated. Mutations responsible for the non-melanogenic, tyrosinase-positive non-secretor mutant type are located chromosomally on the upper right arc of the S. glaucescens map near the ade-1 marker. PMID- 6804599 TI - The state concept and inpatient psychotherapy. AB - A state model for categorizing psychopathology within psychotic disorders is used to describe change during the course of treatment in a single case. A preliminary assessment of the reliability of this model suggests that with further refinement it may be usefully applied to both ward behavior and psychotherapy material. The psychotherapeutic and research implications of the model are also discussed. PMID- 6804600 TI - Lithium carbonate in the treatment of organic brain syndrome. PMID- 6804601 TI - Increased vulnerability of the blood-brain barrier to acute hypertension following depletion of brain noradrenaline. AB - Noradrenergic nerve terminals emanating from the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) have been suggested to take part in the regulation of intracerebral microvascular tone and, hence, blood flow. Since the extent of the blood-brain barrier opening caused by an acute hypertensive reaction previously has been shown to be highly dependent on the pre-existing cerebrovascular tone, we have explored whether selective depletion of brain noradrenaline (NA) would modify the albumin leakage caused by a hypertensive insult in the rat. Brain NA was largely and relatively selectively depleted, particularly in area innervated by the LC, by pretreatment with an injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 200 microgram) into the right lateral ventricle 7 days before the induction of an acute hypertensive reaction by intravenously administered angiotensin or adrenaline in conscious, unrestrained rats with indwelling catheters in the aorta and a jugular vein. 6-OHDA pretreatment significantly increased the leakage of 125 I-labelled albumin into the cortex after angiotensin-induced hypertension. A slight non significant enhancement of protein in extravasation was observed after adrenaline administration. The latter substance caused, however, by itself a larger protein leakage probably related to betareceptor mediated vasodilatation. Whereas the increased permeability induced by adrenaline normally is reduced during the night, the albumin leakage was significantly increased in cortical regions in 6 OHDA treated rats in nocturnal experiments. The enhance protein leakage was not seen in rats treated with desmethylimipramine to prevent the uptake of 6-OHDA into the NA neurons. PMID- 6804602 TI - Carnosine release from olfactory bulb synaptosomes is calcium-dependent and depolarization-stimulated. AB - The dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) has been proposed as a neurotransmitter in the mammalian olfactory pathway. Therefore, the efflux of in vivo-synthesized [14C]carnosine from mouse olfactory bulb synaptosomes was investigated. Carnosine was found to be released from the olfactory bulb synaptosomes by two mechanisms. The first is a slow spontaneous process that is independent of depolarization. The rate of this release was doubled in the presence of 1 mM external carnosine. Release by the second mechanism was markedly stimulated in the presence of calcium by depolarization with either 60 mM K+ or 300 microM veratridine. Omission of calcium abolished the stimulatory effect of both of these agents. Further, blockage of the veratridine-induced depolarization by tetrodotoxin also inhibited carnosine release. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that carnosine acts as a neurotransmitter in the mouse olfactory pathway. PMID- 6804603 TI - Aminergic receptors in Drosophila melanogaster: properties of [3H]dihydroergocryptine binding sites. AB - [3H]Dihydroergocryptine ([3H]DHE) binds to a particulate preparation from Drosophila melanogaster heads at a level of 2.4 +/- 0.4 pmol/mg protein, with an apparent dissociation constant of 2.0 +/- 0.5 nM. The binding sites are inactivated by heat, pronase treatment, and sulfhydryl and disulfide reagents. [3H]DHE binding is inhibited by low concentrations of serotonergic and alpha adrenergic ligands. The specificity of the binding sites, as revealed by displacement studies, differs from that of [3H]DHE binding sites in various vertebrate tissues. The [3H]DHE binding sites may correspond to serotonergic receptors, and possibly, to additional classes of receptors for putative neurotransmitters in Drosophila. PMID- 6804604 TI - Calcium-dependent protease in neuroblastoma cells. AB - Extracts of neuroblastoma cells contained calcium-dependent proteolytic activity. This activity was accounted for by two distinct proteases. These proteases were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. Although each was totally dependent on calcium, the calcium requirements of the enzymes were different; one enzyme required approximately 40 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity and the other enzyme required approximately 150 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal activity. PMID- 6804605 TI - Nociceptors and warm receptors innervated by C fibres in human skin. AB - The properties of 125 C fibre units recorded from the peripheral nerves of conscious man were studied. On the basis of receptive field properties and responses to natural stimulation, 120 of the units were classified as polymodal C nociceptors. Five of the units were identified as specific C warm receptors. In contrast to the polymodal nociceptors, which often had comparatively large and complex receptive fields with several receptive maxima, receptive fields of the thermo-receptors consisted of one single spot. Polymodal nociceptors responded readily to moderately intense and noxious mechanical stimuli whereas the warm receptors produced inconsistent responses to even intense mechanical skin stimulation. Thermal stimulation in the innocuous range, perceived as warmth, optimally excited the thermoreceptors whereas the polymodal C nociceptors fired most intensely to noxious painful heat. PMID- 6804606 TI - Saltatory conduction precedes remyelination in axons demyelinated with lysophosphatidyl choline. AB - The changing electrical and morphological properties of demyelinating and remyelinating nerve fibres have been studied in rat ventral roots after intrathecal injection of lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC). The spatial distribution of electrical excitability within the lesion has been studied in undissected single fibres using high-resolution longitudinal current analysis. The distribution of excitability has been correlated with the ultrastructure of the fibres and with the distribution of the surrounding Schwann cells. Demyelinated axolemma was initially not excited, but conduction across demyelinated internodes appeared progressively from the 4th day after LPC injection. Conduction was never continuous, but proceeded via new foci of inward membrane current as early as 4 days after LPC injection, i.e. 3 days before the onset of remyelination. It is suggested that these foci (termed phi-nodes to distinguish them from the nodes of Ranvier distributed along myelinated nerve fibres) are precursors of nodes of Ranvier, and may indicate aggregates of sodium channels which form along the demyelinated axolemma prior to remyelination. PMID- 6804609 TI - A comparison of two methods of nasogastric tube feedings. PMID- 6804607 TI - Neostigmine myopathy is a calcium ion-mediated myopathy initially affecting the motor end-plate. AB - Morphological techniques were used to determine the acute and chronic effects of neostigmine on rat muscles. Transient calcium deposits, eliminated by prior treatment of sections with ethyleneglycol bis (aminoethylether) tetracetate (EGTA), were independent of fiber type and found at sites corresponding to neostigmine-induced focal lesions. The dimension and number of focal lesions and calcium deposits gradually decreased with chronic drug treatment. Size, shape, and density of the calcium deposits varied. Alterations in the motor nerve terminal, synaptic space, and junctional fold persisted even when banding patterns at the motor end plates were intact. Characteristic intermediate findings consisted of rod bodies and ribosomal clusters. Such clusters were frequently mingled and clumped sarcoplasmic reticulums, T-systems, or mitochondria. Despite continued administration of neostigmine, focal myopathic changes, other than in the synaptic region of the end plates, were reversible. PMID- 6804610 TI - Re: indium-111 tropolone versus oxine. PMID- 6804608 TI - Results and complications of surgical management of 809 intracranial aneurysms in 722 cases. Related and unrelated to grade of patient, type of aneurysm, and timing of surgery. AB - Data from 722 consecutive causes with intracranial aneurysms were stored in a computer and later retrieved for analysis. Results and complications (including preoperative death and morbidity) of the surgical management of these patients were correlated with the Botterell grade of the patient in individuals with a recent subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), with the type of aneurysm, and with the timing of the surgical procedure. Patients with no SAH within 30 days prior to hospital admission were classified as "no SAH." Approximately 30% of all patients had sustained more than one hemorrhage. Death and morbidity rates prior to surgery in good-grade patients with a recent SAH exceeded the risk of surgery itself. Rebleeding was the primary cause for death and morbidity in Grade 1 patients: 3% of Grade 1 patients died from a recurrent hemorrhage and 7% deteriorated to a lower grade. Deterioration from ischemia produced by vasospasm related or unrelated to rebleeding exceeded the risks of rebleeding in Grade 2 patients. There was an operative morbidity of 2% and mortality of 2% in patients who were classified as Grade 1 at the time of surgery, but an overall management morbidity of 3% and mortality of 6% in patients who were in Grade 1 at the time of hospital admission. Early surgery in Grade 1 patients was not associated with an increased incidence of delayed ischemia postoperatively. In Grade 2 patients, the operative morbidity and mortality was 7% and 4%, respectively, and the management morbidity and mortality 16% and 11%, respectively. Early surgery in this group was associated with a high frequency of postoperative delayed ischemia (particularly in patients with more than one SAH). Epsilon-aminocaproic acid appeared to protect against a rebleed, gut was associated with a higher incidence of postoperative pulmonary emboli. Intraoperative complications were related both to the size of the aneurysm and to its location. Repair of multiple aneurysms did not adversely affect the result. The surgical approach, the importance of using a self-retaining brain retractor, and the technical complications in these cases are discussed. PMID- 6804612 TI - The effect of levamisole on glycogen synthase and the metabolism of Litomosoides carinii. AB - The effects of the anthelmintic drug, levamisole, on glycogen metabolism in the adult filariid, Litomosoides carinii, were examined. Incubation of helminths for up to 6 hr in the presence of levamisole resulted in a fourfold increase in total worm glycogen levels. In accord with this observation, levamisole also produced an eightfold increase in the rate of incorporation of [14C]-glucose into [14C] glycogen over a 6-hr incubation period. In contrast, levamisole had no significant effect on 14CO2 evolution or lactate formation from exogenous glucose indicating that glycolysis was not affected. Because levamisole stimulated the incorporation of [14C]-glucose into glycogen, its effects on glycogen synthase activity were determined. Glycogen synthase in L. carinii was found to exist in both glucose-6-phosphate dependent (D) and glucose-6-phosphate independent (I) forms. In vitro incubation of intact L. carinii for 2 hr in the presence of levamisole resulted in a significant increase in the activity ratio (activity in the absence of glucose-6-P divided by the activity in the presence of glucose-6 P). This suggests that levamisole may act to stimulate the conversion of the less active (D) form of the glycogen synthase to the more active (I) form. PMID- 6804614 TI - Effect of Schistosoma mansoni on glycogen synthase and phosphorylase from Biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca). PMID- 6804613 TI - Properties of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase from Biomphalaria glabrata (mollusca). AB - Glycogen synthase and phosphorylase were characterized from the cephalopedal region of the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata. Glycogen synthase exhibited increases and decreases in its activity ratio (-G6P/+G6P) under conditions that are known to cause conversion of the two forms of the enzyme from mammalian systems, implying that the snail's synthase also possesses interconvertible forms. Each form had a distinct pH optimum, with the G6P-independent form (synthase alpha) exhibiting maximum activity at pH 7.4, whereas the G6P-dependent form (synthase beta) had optimal activity at pH 8.3. Both synthase alpha and beta displayed classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics for the substrates UDP-glucose and glycogen, and the beta form displayed sigmoidal kinetics for its modulator, G6P. Only UDP glucose could function as a glucosyl donor in the synthase-catalyzed reaction. ADP, GDP, UDP, and ATP were all competitive inhibitors of synthase alpha, although at varying degrees of efficiency. Glycogen phosphorylase also demonstrated interconversion of its two forms (alpha and beta), as evidenced by changes in its activity ratio (-AMP/+AMP). AMP elicited hyperbolic kinetics from this enzyme. Concentrations of KF above 20 mM were found to inhibit glycogen synthase alpha while stimulating phosphorylase beta, thus causing erroneous activity ratios for both enzymes. PMID- 6804615 TI - Follow-up studies of children treated with a long-term intravenous nutrition (IVN) during the neonatal period. AB - The outcome of the 28 children treated with intravenous nutrition (IVN) for more than 4 wk during the neonatal period was investigated. Ten of the 28 children had a normal length of small bowel (group 1) and the other 18 children had a short bowel (group 2). Eight of these 28 children (4 in group 1 and 4 in group 2) died during or after cessation of IVN; three died from complication of IVN and 5 died from their initial disease. On physical examination, delay in catch-up growth was observed in the early postoperative period, particularly in children in group 2, but this diminished with time. Mental and emotional development showed both groups to be within the normal range, except for two children. Intellectual function was also normal in five children over the age of 4 yr who were examined. Hepatic dysfunction was noticed during IVN in 30.0% in group 1 and 66.7% in group 2, indicating that the longer the duration of IVN, the higher the incidence of liver damage. Furthermore, histologic abnormalities in these neonates lasted for a longer time. These results imply that long-term IVN during the neonatal period in surgical patients does not interfere with physical and developmental growth. However, careful and long-term follow-up of liver function after IVN is necessary. PMID- 6804611 TI - Effect of dietary level of sulfur-containing amino acids on liver drug metabolizing enzymes, serum cholesterol and urinary ascorbic acid in rats fed PCB. AB - Effects of dietary level of sulfur-containing amino acids (S-AA) on liver drug metabolizing enzymes, serum cholesterol and ascorbic acid metabolism in growing rats fed diets containing 300 ppm of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were investigated. Maximum gain in body weight was observed with 0.5% S-AA diets with or without PCB addition. Metabolic parameters increased by PCB were liver weight, activities of hepatic aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, serum total cholesterol, serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol, serum corticosterone and urinary metabolites of the glucuronic acid pathway including ascorbic acid, glucuronic acid and glucaric acid. In the PCB-treated animals, maximum values of liver weight, aminopyrine demethylase activity, serum cholesterol, serum corticosterone, urinary ascorbic acid and glucaric acid were obtained with about 0.8% S-AA. For the maximum induction of these metabolic responses, 0.5% S-AA was not enough. Urinary glucuronic acid and the ratio of lower density lipoprotein cholesterol versus high density lipoprotein cholesterol were decreased with a supplement of S-AA to PCB-containing diets. PMID- 6804616 TI - Screening for latent malformations: cost effectiveness in neonates with correctable anomalies. AB - A screening program for latent malformations in infants born with surgically correctable anomalies was reviewed to determine its cost effectiveness. Two hundred and seventy six infants with esophageal atresia, imperforate anus, omphalocele, gastroschisis, or diaphragmatic hernia were screened for latent congenital anomalies not detected by the routine history, physical examination, and roentgenograms. While additional malformations were detected, many congenital defects were missed only to become evident later in the infant's course. Routine screening for latent malformations is not cost effective in all infants with surgically correctable anomalies, but directed screening is indicated in selected neonates. Screening IVP's are indicated in patients with esophageal atresia, high pouch imperforate anus and possibly diaphragmatic hernia. Screening IVP's are not indicated in infants with gastroschisis, omphalocele, or females with low pouch imperforate anus who have normal sacral spine films. PMID- 6804618 TI - Tracheal diverticulum with recurrent apnea and segmental pulmonary atelectasis. AB - A patient presented with recurrent episodes of apnea and segmental pulmonary atelectasis. These episodes persisted following repair of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula and repair of vascular ring causing tracheal compression. A tracheal diverticulum was identified and resected. The patient's symptoms disappeared following surgery. PMID- 6804617 TI - Hemisplenectomy using a hand-held CO2 laser. An experimental study. AB - Hemisplenectomy was performed in mongrel dogs using a hand held CO2 laser. Cutting and hemostasis were performed by a laser beam with a high concentration power--about 6kW/mm2--at the focal spot, and residual bleeding was controlled by using a defocused beam. The cutting action was improved by temporary closing of the arterial vessels and by injecting adrenaline into the splenic artery to produce a relatively dry surface. The surgical procedure was free of mortality or morbidity. Histological studies revealed a brand of fibrous tissue at the cut surface, without apparent abnormalities in the splenic parenchyma beneath the section. Activity of the residual half spleen was shown by postoperative technetium scan and by the fact that Howell-Jolly bodies appeared in peripheral blood only after resection of the remaining half spleen. PMID- 6804619 TI - Effect of acetazolamide on the anticonvulsant potency of phenobarbital in mice. AB - Effect of acetazolamide (AZA) on the anticonvulsant potency of phenobarbital (PHB) was investigated in mice by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test. By coadministration with AZA, a remarkable increase an prolongation of the anticonvulsant activity of PHB was brought about. The type of the synergism of PHB with AZA was not additive but of potentiation. The potentiation of the anticonvulsant activity of PHB with AZA was rather related to inhibition of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in brain than in blood. The anticonvulsant activity of PHB was also increased by coadministration with methazolamide which had a great ability to inhibit brain CA. Furosemide, which had no inhibitory effect on brain CA, on the other hand, failed to show any potentiation on the anticonvulsant activity of PHB. Thus it was inferred that the inhibition of brain CA may play a significant role for the potentiation of the anticonvulsant activity of PHB. Although reserpinization completely abolished the protective effect of AZA on MES, the potentiation of the anticonvulsant activity of PHB was still observed by AZA. These results suggest that pharmacodynamic and/or pharmacokinetic effect of AZA independent of its anticonvulsant action may contribute to the potentiation of the PHB action. PMID- 6804620 TI - Clinical bioavailability evaluation of a controlled release formulation of diazepam. AB - A controlled release formulation of diazepam was compared to equal daily dose of the trade tablet under single day and steady-state conditions. Virtually no differences were found in the mean steady-state concentrations of diazepam or its metabolites, N-desmethyldiazepam, when the subjects received the 5 mg trade table three times daily or the 15 mg controlled release formulation once daily. Similarly, there was no difference in mean diazepam or N-desmethyldiazepam plasma concentrations when single doses of the controlled release formulation were give to fed or fasted volunteers. These data indicate that the controlled release formulation produces plasma concentrations of diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam comparable to those achieved with the same daily dose of the trade product given three times daily, suggesting that these regimens can be used interchangeably. PMID- 6804621 TI - Desamino-D-Arginine vasopressin induces fatty acid cyclooxygenase activity in the renal medulla of diabetes insipidus rats. PMID- 6804622 TI - Possible mechanisms of 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid-induced contraction of the canine basilar artery in vitro. AB - Pharmacological studies of the contraction induced by 15-hydroperoxyarachidonic acid (15-HPAA) were done in the isolated canine basilar artery. The maximal contractile force produced by 15-HPAA was 1.5 times that of serotonin and was equivalent to that of prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha or PGA1. At concentrations in which reductions of [14C]-6-keto-PGF1 alpha (the breakdown product of PGI2) occurred, both 15-HPAA and tranylcypromine contracted the artery, whereas indomethacin consistently relaxed it. In the case of indomethacin, as the drug inhibited the synthesis of [14C]-PGE2, F2 alpha and thromboxane(TX) B2 (the breakdown product of TXA2) as well, it has been considered that the balances between PGI2 and other vasoconstrictive PGs or TX may regulate the tone of the artery. Furthermore, it was shown that 15-HPAA enhanced the synthesis of lipoxygenase products from [14C]arachidonic acid. Experiments were done, therefore, to know whether these enhanced lipoxygenase products participated in the manifestation of contraction induced by 15-HPAA or not. As a result, although indomethacin did not affect the contraction, significant reductions of the contraction were shown by eicosatetraynoic acid. These results suggest that enhanced synthesis of lipoxygenase products may be involved in eliciting contractile responses of 15-HPAA. PMID- 6804623 TI - Effect of foetal pinealectomy on the pituitary gonadal axis in male rats. AB - Pinealectomy was performed on rat foetuses aged 16.5 days +/- 8 h. Sham pinealectomized animals were bred under the same conditions. Animals were killed when 50 or 64-days old. Plasma LH response to Gn-RH (100 ng via carotid artery) was studied in undisturbed adult male rats. 1. Body weight at birth was higher in pinealectomized rats than in sham-pinealectomized animals but, in 50 or 64-day old body weights were not different. 2. In 50-day-old pinealectomized rats, absolute weights of testis and epididymis were higher than in sham pinealectomized animals. When organ weights were compared to body weight by analysis of covariance, only the epididymis weight was enhanced by pinealectomy. 3. In 64-day-old animals, foetal pinealectomy did not increase reproductive organ weights. In contrast, prostate weight was decreased after pineal removal. 4. Plasma and pituitary gonadotropins were not modified by foetal pinealectomy. In undisturbed adult male rats, the plasma LH response to Gn-RH administration was identical in pinealectomized rats and in sham-pinealectomized animals. These findings may suggest an inhibitory effect of the pineal and foetal growth, but foetal pinealectomy exerts no gonadal stimulation in the adult male rats. PMID- 6804624 TI - [Effect of physical training on the metabolic response of the isolated working heart during hypoxia (author's transl)]. AB - The increased tolerance to O2 deprivation of the myocardium after physical training was studied using the isolated working heart preparation and rats moderately trained by swimming. Glycolytic utilization of exogenous glucose and lactate production were determined under oxygenated conditions (Po2 # 500 Torr, 10 min), during severe hypoxia (P02 less than 50 Torr, 10 min) and during post hypoxic perfusion (Po2 # 500 Torr, 15 min). The energetic state (CP, ATP, ADP, AMP) and glycogen store were determined at the end of the experimental procedure. The beneficial effect of training was evidenced by the restoration of aortic flow in the post-hypoxic period in hearts from trained animals (CE), whereas it did not return to the prehypoxic level in hearts from sedentary animals (CS). The increase in glycolytic utilization of exogenous glucose during hypoxia (x 2.5) was not very different in CE and CS, whereas lactate production was higher (+ 50%) and of longer duration in CE than in CS, This higher lactate production was the consequence of the larger glycogen store in CE than in CS. Moreover, glycogen resynthesis during the post-hypoxic period was higher in CE than in CS. Thus, a changed glycogen metabolism, and also higher CP and ATP contents in CE compared to CS, are examples of metabolic events implicated in the increased tolerance to O2 deprivation of the myocardium induced by physical training. PMID- 6804625 TI - Cognitive factors in carbon dioxide therapy. AB - The effects of CO2 inhalation on subjective state, heart rate and blood pressure were studied in two differently instructed groups, with use of air for placebo. Participants who were told that inhalation would produce a state of pleasant relaxation reported a statistically significant, confirming change when administered CO2, whereas air was found not to alter the subjective state appreciably. Those who had expected unpleasant feelings of tension did show a non significant change in this respect after CO2 inhalation and no such reaction at all to the placebo. Heart rate and diastolic blood pressure dropped significantly after CO2 intake. Surprisingly, participants were subject to a significant decrease in heart rate upon inhalation of air when relaxation was expected. Finally, a number of theoretical inferences are made and the role of cognitive processes in the clinical use of CO2 therapy is underscored. PMID- 6804626 TI - Diminished hypercapnic drive in endogenous or severe depression. AB - Resting breathing rate, resting end-tidal PCO2 and ventilatory response to CO2 were studied in patients with primary depression. Patients tended to breathe faster and showed decreased PECO2 levels when compared with control subjects. Carbon dioxide response was determined using a modification of the rebreathing technique of Read. Endogenous depressives, unlike reactive depressives, tended to give low CO2 responses and low CO2 thresholds. Carbon dioxide responses of patients on admission correlated highly with severity of depression. The modification of the standard rebreathing technique, and the relationship between CO2 response and physical and psychological variables are discussed. PMID- 6804627 TI - The human menstrual cycle: plasma concentrations of prolactin, LH, FSH, oestradiol and progesterone in conceiving and non-conceiving women. AB - Hormonal profiles were obtained throughout 26 conception cycles and 27 non conception control cycles. The pregnancies followed treatment (clomiphene or bromocriptine) in 12 women but were spontaneous in the remaining 14. No sustained significant difference between the various types of conception cycle was found for LH, FSH, oestradiol or progesterone concentrations. Prolactin concentrations varied widely, suggesting that mean cycle prolactin concentrations ranging from 45 to 760 mi.u./l are compatible with conception. Although there were no significant differences in progesterone secretion within the conception cycles, there were highly significant differences between the conception cycles and the non-pregnant control cycles. Mean progesterone concentrations in the conception group were higher (P less than 0.005) than those in the control women over Days 3 8 following the LH peak. This difference could only be partly accounted for by heterogeneity within the control group (15-20% of the control cycles had low progesterone concentrations and were probably subfertile. It is suggested that the higher conception cycle progesterone concentrations during the early part of the luteal phase may constitute a preimplantation component of the maternal recognition of pregnancy in women. PMID- 6804629 TI - Computerized hospital information systems: their future role in medicine. PMID- 6804628 TI - Serological identity between human alpha uterine protein and human progestagen dependent endometrial protein. AB - Alpha uterine protein and progestagen-dependent endometrial protein were previously described in human endometrium by two independent groups of workers. Serological evidence is presented in this paper that these two proteins are the same. PMID- 6804632 TI - Two-dimensional DNA electrophoresis applied to the study of DNA methylation and the analysis of genome size in Myxococcus xanthus. PMID- 6804630 TI - Apparent enhanced response to the induction of sister chromatid exchange by mitomycin C in myotonic dystrophy. AB - The spontaneous and mitomycin C (MMC) induced sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies were examined in five adults with myotonic dystrophy (MD). There was no significant difference in the spontaneous incidence of SCE between MD patients and controls. However, a significantly enhanced response to the induction of SCE by MMC was observed in three of the five MD patients who were severely affected, while no such enhancement was observed in the other two mildly affected cases. These results suggest that the raised response may be a secondary consequence associated with disease progression. No differences were observed between the proliferating rate in vitro of lymphocytes of severe and mild cases of MD and controls, but the severe cases showed a significant increase in the proportion of T cells in peripheral blood. It is suggested that the observed enhanced response to MMC may reflect an increase in the proportion of a more sensitive subset of T cells in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6804634 TI - Structure of the head-tail connector of bacteriophage phi 29. PMID- 6804633 TI - Mutations in the Escherichia coli operon that define two promoters and the binding site of the cyclic AMP receptor protein. PMID- 6804631 TI - Control of sodium permeability of the outer barrier in toad skin. AB - The 24Na efflux (JNaeff) (i.e., the rate of appearance of 24Na in the outer compartment) in the isolated short-circuited toad skin bathed by NaCl-Ringer's solution on both sides is composed of para- and transcellular components of almost equal magnitudes. This relies on the assumption that amiloride acts on the transcellular component only and could block it completely. Ouabain induces a large transient increase of the transcellular component. This increase, which starts within a few minutes after the addition of ouabain, is due to electrical depolarization of the outer barrier, rather than a consequence of blocking Na recirculation across the inner barrier. The subsequent decline of JNaeff, which takes place after the ouabain-induced JNaeff peak, is due to a progressive block of outer barrier Na channels with time, which can eventually be complete, depending on the duration of action of ouabain. As the external Na concentration was always kept high and constant in these experiments, the results indicate that a rise in cell Na concentration, and not in the outer bathing solution, is the signal that triggers the reduction of outer barrier Na permeability (PNao). Ouabain has no effect upon JNaeff with Na-free solution bathing the outer and NaCl-Ringer's solution the inner skin surface, showing the importance of Na penetration across the outer barrier, and not across the inner barrier due to its low Na permeability, in the process of closing the Na channels of this structure. Step changes from Na 115 mM to Na-free external solution, or vice-versa, may affect both the outer barrier electrical potential difference (PDo) and cell Na concentration (Na)c. Therefore, the behavior of JNaeff depends on which variable (if PDo or (Na)c regulated outer barrier Na permeability) is most affected by step changes in outer bathing solution Na concentration. Amiloride in the control condition blocks the transcellular component of JNaeff. However, in the condition of approximate short-circuiting of the outer barrier and high cellular Na concentration induced by long term effects of ouabain, when the Na channels of the outer barrier are already blocked by elevated cell Na concentration, amiloride may induce the opposite effect, increasing Na permeability of the outer barrier. With outer barrier Na channels completely blocked by high cell Na concentration, PCMB in the outer bathing medium induces a large increase of JNaeff, rendering these channels again amiloride sensitive. The results are consistent with the notion that Na efflux from cell compartment to the outer bathing solution goes through the amiloride-sensitive Na channels of the apical border of the superficial cell layer of toad skin, with an apparent Na permeability modulated by cell ionic environment, most probably the cell Na concentration. PMID- 6804635 TI - The location and periodicity of a troponin-T-like protein in the myofibril of the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus. PMID- 6804636 TI - Immunologic evaluation of patients with polychlorinated biphenyl poisoning: evaluation of delayed-type skin hypersensitive response and its relation to clinical studies. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning causes many physiological abnormalities including immune suppression. Cellular immunity was studied in 30 PCB-poisoned patients and 50 normal human subjects. PCB poisoning caused suppression of cellular immunity such as the delayed-type skin response to streptokinase and streptodornase. The suppression of cellular immunity was correlated with the severity of the disease. Thus evaluation of the immune function may be helpful for the diagnosis of PCB poisoning. PMID- 6804637 TI - Determination of the binding of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl by low density lipoprotein and bovine serum albumin. AB - The mechanism of transport of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) to and from peripheral cells is not known. Plasma proteins, which bind a variety of compounds including hydrophobic molecules, are most likely to be involved in PCB transport. In order to study the role of lipoproteins in the transport and distribution of PCBs to cells, an assessment of the nature and extent of the interaction and binding of PCBs to plasma proteins is necessary. In this report a simple filter assay procedure for the analysis of binding of 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCB) by low density lipoproteins and serum albumin is described. The method allowed compete recovery of the PCBs, and reduced errors due to nonspecific binding to the apparatus to insignificant values. Low density lipoprotein bound HCB at several noninteractive sites (number of binding sites n = 30; binding constant K = 2.7 x 10(5); dissociation constant Kd = 7.2 x 10(-6) M). Bovine serum albumin bound HCB at one noninteractive site (n = 0.53; K = 5.1 x 10(5); Kd = 1.9 x 10(-6) M). The results indicate that albumin and low density lipoprotein bind HCB effectively and suggest that plasma proteins may play a role in its distribution to peripheral cells. PMID- 6804639 TI - Effect of an anabolic steroid on nitrogen balance and amino acid patterns after total hip replacement. AB - The effect of an anabolic steroid, nandrolone decanoate, on nitrogen balance and plasma and muscle amino acid concentrations was studied in patients undergoing total hip replacement and receiving daily postoperative infusions of 5% dextrose and 3.5% amino acids. An intramuscular injection of 200 mg immediately after operation resulted in a nitrogen balance of -48 mg N/kg . day for the first 3 days, as compared to 102 mg N/kg . day in noninjected controls. After steroid injection there was also an attenuation of trauma-induced changes in amino acid concentrations in muscle but not in plasma. This suggests that nandrolone decanoate may act directly on muscle to reduce the protein catabolism which follows a major form of operative trauma. PMID- 6804638 TI - Lack of protection against chemically induced injury to isolated hepatocytes by omission of calcium from the incubation medium. AB - Recent evidence has renewed interest in the hypothesis that Ca plays a central role in cell death. It was previously found that Cd and CuCl2 cause loss of viability of isolated hepatocytes. It was therefore of interest to determine whether Ca was intimately involved with the toxic effect of these metals. Some of the chemicals that were previously shown to be toxic through a mechanism involving Ca (amphotericin B, lysolecithin, and Ca ionophore A23187) were also included in the study. Hepatocytes were incubated with one of these chemicals and samples taken at various time points up to 120 min for estimation of cell viability (intracellular K+ and leakage of aspartate aminotransferase) and lipid peroxidation. The toxic effects due to Cd or Cu were not ameliorated on omission of Ca from the incubation medium. Furthermore, of the other three chemicals investigated, only the toxic properties of the Ca ionophore were effectively blocked by incubation in a Ca-free medium. The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that Ca plays a ubiquitous role in the death of liver cells. PMID- 6804641 TI - Ultrastructure of the toad pars intermedia after the extirpation of the pars distalis. PMID- 6804640 TI - Anesthesia for CO2 laser surgery of the larynx. AB - The CO2 laser is a useful surgical tool in laryngology, but adds a significant anesthetic risk because of a constant fear of fire. This paper reviews the anesthetic problems of laryngology in general - competition for the airway between surgeon and anesthetist, circulatory changes associated with laryngoscopy, and postoperative laryngospasm and edema, as well as operating room pollution together with problems unique to laser usage. If endotracheal tubes are used, they may burn, the laser may be misaligned, endotracheal cuffs may burst, and there is a constant risk of a flash fire. The techniques favored are either a small born endotracheal tube wrapped in aluminum foil or an injection technique. The former may obstruct laryngeal lesions. The injection technique is described in detail together with the pharmacological management of anesthesia. PMID- 6804642 TI - Morphogenesis of bacteriophage phi 29 of Bacillus subtilis: DNA-gp3 intermediate in in vivo and in vitro assembly. AB - The assembly of phage phi 29 occurs by a single pathway, and DNA-protein (DNA gp3) has been shown to be an intermediate on the assembly pathway by a highly efficient in vitro complementation. At 30 degrees C, about one-half of the viral DNA synthesized was assembled into mature phage, and the absolute plating efficiency of phi 29 approached unity. DNA packaging at 45 degrees C was comparable to that at 30 degrees C, but the burst size was reduced by one-third. When cells infected with mutant ts3(132) at 30 degrees C to permit DNA synthesis were shifted to 45 degrees C before phage assembly, DNA synthesis ceased and no phage were produced. However, a variable amount of DNA packaging occurred. Superinfection by wild-type phage reinitiated ts3(132) DNA synthesis at 45 degrees C, and if native gp3 was covalently linked to this DNA during superinfection replication, it was effectively packaged and assembled. Treatment of the DNA-gp3 complex with trypsin prevented in vitro maturation of phi 29, although substantial DNA packaging occurred. A functional gp3 linked to the 5' termini of phi 29 DNA is a requirement for effective phage assembly in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6804644 TI - Pharyngeal gonorrhea. PMID- 6804645 TI - Streptococcus bovis meningitis following a dental procedure. PMID- 6804646 TI - Syncope of unknown origin. The need for a more cost-effective approach to its diagnosis evaluation. AB - The records of 121 patients hospitalized in Presbyterian-University Hospital, Pittsburgh, during 1976 to 1980 for syncope of unknown origin were reviewed. The were 58 men and 63 women, whose mean age was 63.1 years. Cardiac monitoring in 67 patients showed abnormalities in seven patients, considered diagnostic of the cause of syncope. In 13 patients with electrophysiologic studies, four patients had abnormal results, suggesting a probable cause for the syncope. Cardiac catheterization in 14 patients showed significant findings that demonstrated the cause of syncope in three patients. Glucose tolerance tests in 37 patients, head computed tomographic scans in 39 patients, radionuclide brain scans in 15 patients, lumbar punctures in 22 patients, and skull roentgenograms in 46 patients did not aid in the diagnosis of the cause of syncope in any patient. In 67 patients, EEGs produced abnormal results in 26, but the role of EEGs in the diagnostic workup of syncope could not be completely defined. The definitive cause for syncope was diagnosed in only 13 of 121 patients, with an average hospitalization of nine days and an average cost of $2,463 per patient. These findings suggest that an extensive evaluation of syncope is cost--ineffective and that prospective goal-directed approaches need to be developed. PMID- 6804643 TI - SP01 gene 27 is required for viral late transcription. AB - The SP01 mutant sus HA20 (gene 27) was found to be defective for synthesis of viral late RNA. It is known that gene 27 is also required for viral DNA replication. The SP01 gene 27 product resembles the T4 gene 45 product, which also has a dual role in viral DNA replication and late transcription. PMID- 6804647 TI - Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 disease. PMID- 6804649 TI - Delayed scientific hypersensitivity. PMID- 6804648 TI - Biotin deficiency in an adult during home parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6804650 TI - Malnutrition in critically ill infants and children. AB - The prevalences of acute and chronic protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and deficiencies in stores of fat and somatic protein have not been previously examined in pediatric intensive care unit. One hundred eight nutritional assessments were performed using anthropometric techniques on infants and children in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit. Overall, the prevalence of acute PEM was 19% and chronic PEM was 18%. The prevalence of fat store depletion was 14% and somatic protein store depletion was 21%. In general, children less than 2 years had poorer nutritional status compared to children greater than 2 years. There was not a statistically significant difference between medical and surgical patients. It is concluded that PEM and deficiencies in the macronutrient stores of fat and somatic protein are common in critically ill infants and children. PMID- 6804651 TI - Parenteral 20% safflower oil emulsion safety and effectiveness as a caloric source in newborn infants. AB - Five surgical infants, ages 3 to 30 days, were studied while receiving peripheral total parenteral nutrition for a period of 2 weeks. By a randomized sequence, either 10 or 20% safflower oil emulsion was infused the first week, followed by the alternate solution during the second week. Caloric intake was 80 to 100 cal/kg/day, of which lipids comprised one-third to one-half. No adverse side effects were noted. Eosinophilia developed in three patients, but otherwise no changes in hematologic and biochemical parameters, including liver enzymes, were noted. Weight gain averaged 11.1 g/kg/day during the study period and was similar for the 10 and 20% solutions. Intravenous fluid intake averaged 21 ml/kg/day less during the week of the patients received 20% fluid emulsions. The 20% safflower oil emulsion proved comparable to the 10% solution in both safety and efficacy and enabled significant reduction of fluid intake while maintaining infused caloric levels. PMID- 6804652 TI - Serum-sulfated lithocholate as an indicator of cholestasis during parenteral nutrition in infants and children. PMID- 6804654 TI - Evaluation of Opsite catheter dressings for parenteral nutrition: a prospective, randomized study. AB - A prospective, randomized study compared the use of Opsite and standard gauze/tape dressings in 261 patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Eighty-four patients had a source of external drainage and were evaluated as a separate group. Catheter-related sepsis was assessed by blood culture, catheter tip culture, clinical sepsis, and clinical defervescence of fever after catheter removal. Although no statistically significant difference between Opsite and standard dressings could be identified, Opsite-treated patients consistently had increased parameters of catheter-related sepsis in all comparisons. As used here, Opsite is probably not a suitable catheter dressing system for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6804655 TI - Utility of skin testing in nutritional assessment: a critical review. AB - To evaluate the claim that delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity skin testing is useful in nutritional assessment of hospitalized patients, we reviewed the English language literature of the last 12 years. Although several hundred publications discussed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity testing and nutritional status, only 15 provided new, objective data correlating these variables in hospitalized adults. Of these, only three provided age-matched control groups to control for antigen variability, lack of prior exposure, and other technical problems. The majority of reports took no account of diseases (cancer, immune disease, infection) or therapies (radiation, drugs, surgery) known to affect skin test response. In the reports specifying different degrees of malnutrition, the most important group, those with less than obvious malnutrition, were not abnormal by skin testing. Ten reports described serial skin testing during nutritional intervention. Non reported serially tested controls without nutritional intervention, important since serial testing alone can augment skin test response. Nonnutritional intercurrent therapy which might affect skin tests was seldom mentioned. In the few reports specifying that nutritional repletion was even achieved, repleted patients were not separated from unrepleted in subsequent analyses. No report examined skin testing for its predictive accuracy, cost/benefit ratio, or influence on outcome. Because of these problems in experimental design, the frequent lack of appropriate controls, and the low specificity of abnormal delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses, we conclude that the utility of skin testing in nutritional assessment remains unproved. PMID- 6804653 TI - A primate model for enteral nutrition by tube. AB - To establish an animal model for the controlled study of enteral nutrition by tube, five adult chair-adapted primates (Macaca fasicularis) had gastrostomy and jejunostomy tubes placed for the delivery of a modified protein isolate diet. Following 7 days of postoperative depletion with a hypocaloric infusion of dextrose (20 kcal, 0 g N/kg/day), the animals were repleted for 10 days with tube feedings (124 kcal, 0.73 g N/kg/day). There was no operative mortality or morbidity and each animal demonstrated conversion to anabolism by significant weight gain, positive nitrogen balance, and net protein synthesis as determined by [15N]glycine protein turnover rates. Significant correlation was found between caloric intake and nitrogen balance at the level of nitrogen provided in this diet (r = 0.88, p less than 0.05). This model was found to be well suited for the surgical and nutritional techniques required for the long-term study of enteral nutrition by tube. PMID- 6804656 TI - Thromboembolic complications with silicone elastomer subclavian catheters. AB - Central venous thrombosis is a well-recognized complication of plastic catheters used during parenteral nutrition and occurs in up to 33% of cases if examined venographically. Silicone elastomer catheters, in addition to their favorable handling properties, are less thrombogenic than plastic varieties and are now increasingly used for parenteral nutrition. However, their use does not prevent the possibility of catheter-related thrombosis as this study demonstrates. In a consecutive series of 118 silicone elastomer subclavian catheters, 83% of which were used for parenteral nutrition, two instances of clinically apparent catheter related thrombosis occurred and one of these was complicated by major pulmonary embolism. Catheter malplacement, catheter infection, and coagulation abnormalities were absent. Both catheters were used for parenteral nutrition and were in place for 20 and 28 days, respectively. Twenty-eight consecutive silastic catheters used for parenteral nutrition were studied, prior to removal, by simultaneous bilateral ascending phlebography. One clinically inapparent nonocclusive, catheter-related thrombus was detected which detached during catheter removal. This study suggests an incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic silastic catheter-related thrombosis to be around 4%. Silicone catheters therefore may reduce but cannot abolish catheter-related thrombosis. Furthermore, when present, catheter-related thrombosis may be a source of major pulmonary thromboembolism. PMID- 6804658 TI - Fatal paradoxical air embolism to the brain: complication of central venous catheterization. PMID- 6804659 TI - An evaluation of a microcomputer in reducing the preparation time of parenteral nutrition solutions. AB - A microcomputer was evaluated in reducing the activities of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians in processing orders for parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions. A program in BASIC was developed for a Radio Shack TRS-80 microcomputer. The program maintains a patient profile, prints a label, generates a worksheet for the preparation of solutions, and provides statistical data for the Pharmacy Nutritional Support Service. A direct time study by intensive samplings was performed on 24 patients utilizing 51 units of PN solution. The computerized method was compared to the current manual method for processing PN orders. The computerized method significantly reduced the processing time (p less than 0.001), saving an average of 2.61 minutes/order. This represented 41.3% of the manual processing time. The time savings was greater when two or more units per patient were ordered (3.37 minutes/order) when compared to patients who received only one unit of PN (0.76 minutes/order). At Rhode Island Hospital, this would result in a savings in time of 300 to 400 hours annually. The authors concluded that a microcomputer is a valuable addition to a nutritional support service. In addition, it should provide the pharmacist with substantially more time to engage in activities related to the care of patients receiving PN solutions. PMID- 6804660 TI - Vitamin regimens in parenteral nutrition: a dilemma. AB - Recently, a parenteral vitamin product which matches the recommended dietary allowance for parenteral vitamins set forth by the Nutrition Advisory Group (NAG) of the American Medical Association has been marketed. The release of this product calls attention once again to the NAG recommendations and their applicability. The authors point out that the NAG guidelines do not address the needs of the traumatized or hypermetagolic patient. Further, the cost of the new vitamin product is questioned in regard to the additional expense incurred in attempting to administer vitamins as per the NAG recommendations. The authors offer cost and therapeutic comparisons of existing produces on the market to the new vitamin product, and explain a therapeutic regimen utilizing multiple products administered on regular basis compared to the daily administration of the new product. The weekly cost of the plan proposed by the authors is +7.56 compared to +16.70 per week for the new vitamin product. PMID- 6804657 TI - Sustained flexibility in infant feeding tubes containing nonmigrating plasticizer. AB - Due to medical complications related to stiffness developed in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) feeding tubes presently manufactured with di-octylphthalate (DOP), we have assessed the flexibility of PVC tubes manufactured with a nonmigrating plasticizer, ti-octyltrimellitate (TOTM) (National Catheter Co., Argyle, NY). Two sizes of DOP and TOTM PVC feedings tubes were evaluated, #5 French and #8 French. Number 5 French DOP tubes became significantly stiffer as early as 1 to 2 days after intubation and continued to stiffen up to 8 days of use. Among the #5 French DOP tubes, those placed in the jejunum were found to become significantly stiffer than those placed in the stomach. No correlations were found between the development of stiffness and gestational age, postnatal age, sex, birthweight, or kinds of feedings. In contrast, #5 French TOTM and #8 French tubes (DOP and TOTM) did not develop any significant stiffness up to 5 to 8 days of use. This study demonstrates the sustained flexibility of TOTM tubes, and important factor to increase the safety of enteral feedings in newborn infants. PMID- 6804661 TI - Iron-deficiency anemia in childhood inflammatory bowel disease: treatment with intravenous iron-dextran. PMID- 6804662 TI - The base-line data on child mortality and morbidity in Turk Colony, Baldia town. PMID- 6804664 TI - Battered child syndrome: what should a physician know about it? PMID- 6804663 TI - Maternal blood groups and differential fertility: a hospital survey from Lahore. PMID- 6804665 TI - Hazards of a traditional eye-cosmetic--SURMA. PMID- 6804666 TI - Pulmonary function tests in the normal pakistani population. PMID- 6804668 TI - [X-ray diagnosis and radiotherapy of mediastinal metastasis of the esophageal cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804667 TI - [Effects of intravenously administered nitroglycerin on cerebrospinal fluid pressure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804669 TI - [Radiological analysis of the ossifications of the nuchal ligaments (ONL) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804670 TI - [The biological natures of vascular endothelial cells in cutaneous tissues--the first report: by the indirect immunofluorescence technique of factor VIII-related antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804673 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 23. Sex and reproduction of primates (VIII)]. PMID- 6804671 TI - [High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of urinary 5-S, 2-S-, 6-S cysteinyldopa and 2,5-S,S-dicysteinyldopa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804672 TI - [The effects of the intravenous administration of glucose, amino acids and fat on the gastric acid secretion. (Clinical and experimental study) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804674 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 24. Nursing and rearing of the young by monkeys and men. (I)]. PMID- 6804675 TI - [Comparative obstetrics of monkeys and man. 25. The nursing and rearing of young by monkeys and man. II]. PMID- 6804677 TI - [Future direction for evaluation and evaluation research in health care: the nursing perspective]. PMID- 6804676 TI - [Abscess imaging with 111In-oxine labeled leukocytes--a comparison with 67Ga citrate in rabbits bearing abscesses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804678 TI - [Selected reflections on quality of medical care evaluation in the 1980's]. PMID- 6804679 TI - Effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on body temperature in the rat. AB - The C-terminal octapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK-8) injected into the lateral ventricle of rats produced a lowering of body temperature. CCK-8 potentiated pentobarbital-induced hypothermia, but not the ethanol one. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) antagonized the hypothermic effect of CCK-8. Non-sulfated CCK-8 was ineffective in lowering body temperature, indicating that sulfated tyrosine in the CCK molecule is indispensable for its hypothermic action. Caerulein was found to possess rather less activity compared with CCK-8. PMID- 6804680 TI - An in-house program of continuing education for perinatal nurses. AB - The value of continuing education for nurses continues to be stressed by nursing educators and nursing administrators. An in-house program, similar to the one described above, could be useful for other acute-care health facilities. It seems highly probable that certification by a recognized credentials-granting agency, especially a specialty of nursing, such as obstetrics or neonatology, wil become an important evaluation tool for those who employ nurses. It seems logical and cost-effective for nurses to take advantage of this opportunity to learn from resources in their own institution. PMID- 6804681 TI - [Clinical pharmacology of anti-arrhythymia agents. II. Lignocaine, mexiletine, tocainide, phenytoin]. PMID- 6804683 TI - [Prinzmetal's angina as a variant of the preinfarct state]. AB - The clinical course of variant angina pectoris has been analyzed in 11 patients, in 5 of them acute myocardial infarction supervened while in hospital. The character of painful attacks, ECG changes in some patients fully resemble the clinical picture of unstable angina pectoris. The direct relationship has been established between the variant angina pectoris and the development of myocardial infarction which suggests that this state is an urgent one. Certain aspects of pathogenesis of variant angina pectoris and its treatment are discussed. PMID- 6804686 TI - [Eye damage as a result of long-term malaria prophylaxis with chloroquine (author's transl)]. AB - Several authors have reported corneal and retinal changes occurring during high dosage application of chloroquine for the treatment of some internal and dermatological diseases (300-500 mg of the base daily). The critical limit seems to be application of a total of 100 g of the base of chloroquine. In malaria prophylaxis (300 mg of the base weekly) it will take six-and-a-half years to reach this limit. In the few reports (27 cases) of ocular damage following malaria prophylaxis, a hyperdosage became evident. People living for prolonged periods of time in areas where malaria is endemic should have regular ophthalmological examinations and the administration of chloroquine should be stopped at the slightest sign of ocular damage. PMID- 6804684 TI - On the mechanism of diminished urinary carbon dioxide tension caused by amiloride. PMID- 6804685 TI - Parathyroid hormone, prolactin, and function of the pituitary-gonadal axis in male patients with acute renal failure. AB - In 26 patients with acute renal failure (ARF), plasma levels of lutropin (LH), folitropin (FSH), prolactin, testosterone, estradiol, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were studied at the anuric/oliguric (AOP) and polyuric phase. Significantly elevated levels of LH, FSH, and prolactin were found during the AOP. Administration of luliberin (LH-RH) was followed by normal or even excessive and prolonged increase of plasma LH and FSH levels during the AOP. Basal plasma testosterone was significantly depressed, but estradiol was moderately elevated at the AOP. Administration of LH-RH did not influence significantly either testosterone or estradiol levels in blood plasma. A negative correlation was found between plasma prolactin and testosterone, and a positive one was found between prolactin and estradiol at the AOP of ARF. In contrast to chronic renal failure, PTH was not significantly correlated with either plasma testosterone or prolactin. We conclude that the hyporesponsiveness of Leydig's cell to the LH signal is the cause of depressed testosterone biosynthesis. It seems probable that prolactin, but not PTH, is involved in the pathogenesis of testicular dysfunction in patients with ARF. PMID- 6804682 TI - [Histochemical study of the adrenergic innervation of the heart in experimental myocardial infarct treated by intravenous nitroglycerin administration]. AB - Histochemical study of the adrenergic innervation of the heart of rabbits in experimental myocardial infarction showed that the content and distribution of the mediator noradrenaline in the nerve terminals under-goes essential changes. The amount of mediator in the nerve fibers decreases not only in the zone of the infarct but also in the heart areas not involved in the infarction, particularly in the left ventricle. Changes in the fluorescence of the nerve terminals associated with redistribution of the mediator in them are described. The disorders revealed in the sympathetic nerve apparatus of the heart provide evidence that in myocardial infarction the heart reacts as a single whole; these changes may aggravate the course of the infarction. Intravenous nitroglycerin administration helps to preserve the mediator in the nerve terminals, which is regarded as a favourable effect of the drug. PMID- 6804688 TI - [We introduce: the German Psoriasis Organization]. PMID- 6804687 TI - Physiological and clinical aspects of respiration control in infants with relation to the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - We have examined the behavior of several variables which are related to respiratory control in 114 infants (up to 6 months of age) in order to assess the risk for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), 23 of the infants had already had demonstratable serious or life threatening apneas or respiratory problems during surgical anesthesia. These infants were assigned as a risk group, and the rest of the investigated babies was taken as a control group. We found that practically all infants of the risk group had apneas during sleep, which lasted longer than 8 s each. Only 22% of the infants of the control group had apneas of such a duration. As a statistical parameter, calculated from at least 1 hour recording of respiration, we defined the mean apnea duration (MA-value) as average value of apnea duration time in seconds per minute of recording. The MA value proved to be significantly elevated in the infants of the risk group. The trend to hypoxia in the infants of the risk group was also indicated by the observation of lower transcutaneous PO2-values (tc-PO2) during sleep, when compared with control infants. In agreement with this observation is the increase of the 2,3-DPG concentration and the decrease of the density of erythrocytes of the infants of the risk group. Breathing hypoxic gas mixtures tended to depress respiration in all infants tested, and, especially in the risk group, to elicit irregular respiratory patterns. On the other hand, we observed that inhalation of pure oxygen markedly stimulated respiration in all infants investigated. We conclude from these observations that a risk for SIDS may be related to a particular response pattern of the respiratory center during the early postnatal life. We are able to distinguish infants with a higher risk for SIDS from other children by determination of the MA-value during sleep. PMID- 6804691 TI - [Increased foot mycoses hazards in the swimming season]. PMID- 6804690 TI - [Typical skin changes betray the alcoholic]. PMID- 6804692 TI - [Interpretation of the profession of nursing. I. Nursing as a service]. PMID- 6804693 TI - [Advisory Committee of the EEC for education in nursing]. PMID- 6804689 TI - [Fungus infections in the warm season]. PMID- 6804697 TI - [Planned nursing care and its results on the care of patients]. PMID- 6804696 TI - [Photochemotherapy for psoriasis]. PMID- 6804695 TI - [Psoriasis in children]. PMID- 6804698 TI - [Occupation-inherent differences between nursing care and geriatric nursing]. PMID- 6804694 TI - [Nursing care in dermatology]. PMID- 6804699 TI - [The "How" determines the quality of aging]. PMID- 6804700 TI - [Towards a better understanding of the situation of the elderly]. PMID- 6804701 TI - [Current thinking on the aspect of independence in care in homes for the aged]. PMID- 6804702 TI - [Living in a nursing home - from the viewpoint of the resident]. PMID- 6804704 TI - [Risk to life for older patients in the hospital. A challenge to the nursing staff]. PMID- 6804705 TI - [Considerations on the World Health Organization's motto "Growing older - remaining active"]. PMID- 6804703 TI - [Problems of the elderly in a hospital ward]. PMID- 6804706 TI - [Activation of mental patients]. PMID- 6804707 TI - [Growing older - remaining active. Endeavors in the Netherlands]. PMID- 6804708 TI - [Dignified existence also in old age. Observations on my personal retirement]. PMID- 6804709 TI - [Suggestions for more humaneness in the hospital]. PMID- 6804710 TI - Organ weight data in juvenile and adult marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). PMID- 6804712 TI - Evaluation of a chemical scrubber for the removal of airborne bacteria from recycled air. AB - The effectiveness of a chemical scrubber utilizing a recycled aqueous media was compared to high efficiency particulate air filtration in its ability to remove bacteria from recycled air. Two bacteria, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis, which have different biologic and physical properties were used in the study. The scrubber, using an aqueous chlorine-dioxide solution, and high efficiency particulate air filtration were equally effective in removing both types of bacteria from recycled air. Viable bacteria could not be recovered from the processed air following either treatment. When the scrubber was used with the chlorine dioxide solution, sufficient chlorine dioxide residues remained in the scrubber processed air to affect bacterial counts in the isolator to which the processed air was returned. The bacteria differed in their susceptibility to low levels of chlorine dioxide in the return air which influenced the number of viable organisms recovered under similar conditions. The use of water without a chemical additive eliminated bacteria in recycled air immediately following the start of the unit but allowed their eventual build-up in recycled air to concentrations of approximately half that of untreated air. Overall, the use of a chemical scrubber for the removal of bacteria from recycled air appeared to be no more effective than high efficiency particulate air filtration especially if the scrubbing media is recycled. PMID- 6804711 TI - Long-term experiments with a newly-developed standardized diet for the New World primates Callithrix jacchus jacchus and Callithrix jacchus penicillata (marmosets). PMID- 6804714 TI - Mucinous gastric hyperplasia in a colony of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) induced by polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254). AB - Since 1971, 45 of 259 male rhesus monkeys housed in a primate building have died of a chronic and progressive disease characterized by diarrhea, dehydration, weakness, gingivitis, emaciation, and alopecia. The principal necropsy finding in these monkeys, and in eight others killed for experimental purposes, was hypertrophic and hyperplastic mucinous gastropathy involving both the mucosa and submucosa. The toxic agent involved was identified as the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), Aroclor 1254. The suspected source of the toxic agent was a concrete sealer used during building construction. PMID- 6804713 TI - Complement components C3, C4, and Bf in six nonhuman primate species. AB - The extent of cross reactivity between antisera to human complement proteins [the third (C3) and fourth (C4) components and factor B (Bf)] and these proteins in the sera of six species of nonhuman primates was examined. Strong cross reactivity was found with these antisera and the specific complement proteins from rhesus monkeys, stumptailed macaques, cynomolgus macaques, patas monkeys, African green monkeys, and squirrel monkeys. Although molecular differences were apparent as indicated by differences in antigenic determinants and electrophoretic mobility, the antisera developed against human C3, C4, and Bf could be used to identify and to characterize these proteins in the nonhuman primate species examined. PMID- 6804716 TI - Experimental pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 6804715 TI - Two populations of cells with differing proliferative capacities in atypical acinar cell foci induced by 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide in the rat pancreas. AB - A single intravenous injection of 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide in male Wistar rats at a dose of 6 mg. per kg. of body weight induced atypical acinar cell foci in 100 per cent of the animals. Atypical acinar cell foci could be classified histologically as basophilic and acidophilic foci and acidophilic nodules. Cells in baseophilic foci were large, contained an irregular nucleus and a markedly basophilic cytoplasm with a few to small number of zymogen granules (zymogen-poor cells). By transmission electron microscopy, these cells showed markedly irregular plasma membranes, a well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and a few zymogen granules. Cells in acidophilic foci and nodules contained an intensely eosinophilic granular cytoplasm (zymogen-rich cells) and a large oval to round nucleus. By transmission electron microscopy, the cells showed zymogen rich cytoplasm and irregular lateral plasma membranes. Mitotic activity was completely absent or very rarely observed in normal pancreas or basophilic foci, in contrast to acidophilic foci and nodules in which a mean value of 2.75 +/- 1.27 per 1000 cells was found. Autoradiography confirmed these differences between the proliferative capacity of cells in basophilic foci (1 +/- 1 labeled nuclei per 1000 cells) and acidophilic foci (23.2 +/- 3.15 labeled nuclei per 100 cells). These studies indicate that 4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide induces two types of atypical acinar cell foci with different morphologic features and proliferative capacity. PMID- 6804717 TI - The helix clock: a potential biomechanical cell cycle timer. PMID- 6804721 TI - Second-opinion programs: beyond cost-benefit analyses. PMID- 6804718 TI - Vasomotor dynamics associated with cardiac operations. I. Venous tone and the effects of vasodilators. AB - Vasomotor dynamics were studied in 52 patients undergoing direct coronary revascularization or mitral valve replacement utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass. Emphasis was placed on the study of venous tone. Operation resulted in a general vasoconstrictive response with increased arterial resistance and reduced venous capacitance. These changes were magnified in patients who underwent mitral valve replacement for mitral valve stenosis related or partially related to reduced cardiac performance before and after operation. Nine patients became hypertensive following coronary artery bypass and were treated with nitroprusside; eight patients were given nitroglycerin to reduce venous tone and prevent hypertension. A comparison of these two vasodilators, with their somewhat different actions on the vascular bed, reveals that afterload reduction and increase of cardiac output were equivalent with both. However, nitroglycerin had the effect of increasing venous capacitance, while nitroprusside had little effect on the venous circulation. In addition, nitroglycerin was especially effective in reducing venous tone and left ventricular preload following mitral valve replacement. Relative merits of pharmacologic reduction of venous tone as a part of overall relief of increased vascular resistance following cardiac operation should be considered when attempting to obtain an optimal hemodynamic state. PMID- 6804722 TI - The efficacy of second-opinion consultation programs: a cost-benefit perspective. AB - This study evaluates a mandatory second-opinion consultation program administered on behalf of a large Taft-Hartley welfare fund providing medical care coverage for 120,000 beneficiaries and covered dependents. During a two-year intake period (1977-1978), 2,284 individuals received second-opinion consultations for an elective surgical procedure recommended by a first-contact physician or surgeon. Of this group, 366 received a nonconfirmation of their need for surgery. Medical claims data were available for 342 individuals in this group, and they constitute the base for the current analysis. A comparable number of individuals who received a positive confirmation were randomly selected and served as a control for estimating program savings. Both groups were followed for a one-year period from the date of their consultations. Total program savings were estimated at $534,791. Of this amount, medical care utilization savings were $361,756 and productivity savings were $173,035. The cost of the program was $203,300, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 2.63. These findings indicate that mandatory second-opinion consultation programs, which are consumer oriented and intervene before care is rendered, are clearly cost-effective. PMID- 6804719 TI - Nutrient transfer in the placenta. PMID- 6804720 TI - Placental transport of amino acids, fats and minerals. PMID- 6804723 TI - Alcoholism, morbidity and care-seeking. The inpatient and ambulatory service utilization and associated illness experience of alcoholics and matched controls in a health maintenance organization. AB - The issue of whether outpatient treatment of alcoholism is cost-advantageous, in the long run, for health maintenance organizations (HMOs) depends in part on whether alcoholics represent a relatively heavy burden on the health care delivery system. To clarify this issue, the paper asks whether alcoholics utilize HMO services at higher rates and in different ways than do other HMO members, and whether alcoholics experience more illnesses and injuries associated with their service utilization. The study subjects were alcoholics, identified during one year as new clients of an HMO's counseling department, which houses an alcoholism treatment component. Study subjects were matched with controls on the basis of sex, age, date of HMO enrollment, type of membership and family size. HMO medical records provided data on service utilization and associated morbidities during the three-year study period. Alcoholics were found to have utilized about 50 per cent more of all HMO services studied than did their matched controls. Alcoholics were especially high utilizers of more expensive, inpatient services. Psychosocial problems and problems classified as accidents, poisonings and violence were much more likely to underlie alcoholics' hospitalizations, and, to a lesser extent, their outpatient non-counseling utilization, than was the case for controls. Some tendency was noted for more chronic illnesses to be associated with alcoholics' service utilization, and more acute illnesses with controls' utilization. PMID- 6804724 TI - EPSDT impact on health status: estimates based on secondary analysis of administratively generated data. AB - EPSDT (early and periodic screening, diagnosis and treatment), a large-scale operational screening program that has generated a tremendous volume of data on the sociodemographic characteristics and health status of Medicaid-eligible children, seems to provide an ideal context within which to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive child care. Concern about health care expenditures generally, and the effectiveness of preventive child health services specifically, lead to the question of whether the impact on the health status of the children served can be measured without significantly adding to the cost of these services with primary data collection. We employ a quasi-experimental research design, using administratively generated data from an operational EPSDT program to estimate program impact on the prevalence of serious abnormalities among the children served. We found that, compared either with themselves across time or with a control group, a representative sample of 1,831 children had almost 30 per cent fewer abnormalities requiring care on rescreening. PMID- 6804725 TI - [Bence-Jones proteinuria in Burkitt's lymphoma]. PMID- 6804726 TI - Theoretical and experimental investigations prove Nd: YAG laser treatment to be safe. PMID- 6804732 TI - MCN keys to research. Measurement: validity. PMID- 6804728 TI - Brain water and electrolytes in response to respiratory acidosis and brain edema in the mutant mouse, jimpy. AB - Compared to littermate controls, unstressed Jimpy mice have higher brain water, sodium, potassium and chloride contents and lower carbonic anhydrase activity. When stressed by CO2 to produce a respiratory acidosis or by injection of distilled water to produce brain edema, the Jimpy mouse brain has water and ionic responses essentially like those in controls. PMID- 6804729 TI - Infusions of chemicals into the brain and the development of sustained elevations of blood pressure in the rat. AB - Osmotic minipumps were used to infuse carbachol chloride (1.23 micrograms/hr), echothiophate iodide (0.5 microgram/hr), histamine dihydrochloride (10 micrograms/hr), prostaglandin E2 (1.0 microgram/hr) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (0.5 and 5.0 micrograms/hr) solutions into the cerebral ventricles of unanesthetized rats and blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Histamine dihydrochloride, prostaglandin E2 and thyrotropin-releasing hormone produced an initial rise in blood pressure, but were not effective in producing sustained elevations in blood pressure. Carbachol infusions elevated blood pressure throughout the 7-day infusion period when results were compared to saline-infused animals. Infusions of echothiophate iodide, an anticholinesterase agent, produced an initial rise in blood pressure but these pressor effects were not sustained. In animals infused with echothiophate for 7 days, the pressor response to a challenge dose of echothiophate was diminished. PMID- 6804731 TI - What can we do about nursing staff burnout? PMID- 6804733 TI - Indomethacin: pharmacologic closure of the ductus arteriosus. MCN pharmacopoeia. PMID- 6804727 TI - Oligonucleotide fingerprinting of viral genomes. PMID- 6804730 TI - Effects of dietary 9-trans, 12-trans linoleate on arachidonic acid metabolism in rat platelets. AB - In order to determine the minimal amount of dietary 9-trans, 12-trans-linoleate which can decrease endoperoxide metabolites synthesized and their precursor in rat platelets, graded amounts (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5%) of the trans-linoleate were fed to rats with a constant amount of all-cis-linoleate (2.5%) for 12 weeks. Arachidonic acid levels in platelet phospholipids of groups receiving the trans linoleate at 2.5 and 1.0% were significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than that of the control receiving no trans-linoleate. Concentrations of TXB2 and PGF2 alpha in sera of the group receiving 2.5% trans-linoleate were significantly (p less than 0.05) lower than those of the control; however, there was no difference between the group receiving 1.0% trans-linoleate and the control. To determine whether the difference in serum concentration of endoperoxide metabolites could be manifested if rats were fed for longer period of time, 2 groups of rats were again fed diets containing 0 and 1.0% trans-linoleate, respectively, for 16 weeks. Arachidonic acid in platelet phospholipids of the group receiving the trans-linoleate was again significantly (p less than 0.01) lower than that of the control group. Concentrations of TXB2 and PGF2 alpha, and 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formed in platelets, were smaller in the group receiving trans-linoleate than the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results indicated that all-trans-linoleate can reduce arachidonic acid metabolites formed in rat platelets when its dietary level is equal to or exceeds the level of all-cis-linoleate. PMID- 6804736 TI - The challenge of infant botulism. PMID- 6804735 TI - A practitioner comments on research findings. Helping mothers breast-feed. PMID- 6804737 TI - Guidelines for the intravenous administration of medications use in pediatrics. PMID- 6804734 TI - Important factors in breast-feeding success. PMID- 6804738 TI - Diaper versus bag specimens: a comparison of urine specific gravity values. PMID- 6804739 TI - A practitioner comments on research findings. Reliability of specimens. PMID- 6804740 TI - The community health nurse's nutrition guidelines: a trimester approach for expectant mothers. PMID- 6804742 TI - [Glycosaminoglycans in the brain of rats subjected to electromagnetic field action]. AB - Investigations on changes of glucosaminoglycans content were carried out in the brain of the rats irradiated once (30 min.) or several times (2-6 hours daily). The following frequencies of e-m fields were used: 2880 MHz (pulse modulation 1000 Hz, pulse duration 1,5 mus); 150 MHz (50 V/m); 175 MHz (150 V/m); 3000 MHz c.w. continuous wave). Control groups of animals were not subject to irradiation. Statistically significant increase of GAG content was found in the brain of the rats, irradiated in e-m field of frequency 2880 MHz in comparison with GAG concentration in the controls. In the brains of animals exposed to e-m fields of frequencies 150 and 175 MHz a statistically significant decrease of GAG content was noted in comparison with GAG content in the controls. Whereas e-m field of frequency 3000 MHz c.w. did not induce statistically significant changes in GAG content in experimental animals as compared with the controls. PMID- 6804741 TI - [Radiation reoxygenation of tumors in breast cancer patients]. PMID- 6804743 TI - Sampling of arterialized heated-hand venous blood as a noninvasive technique for the study of ketone body kinetics in man. AB - To determine if sampling of arterialized-hand venous (HV) blood is a suitable alternative for arterial (A) blood to study ketone body metabolism, concentrations of unlabeled and labeled ketone bodies were measured during continuous infusion of 3-14C-acetoacetate in simultaneously drawn samples from A and HV blood in normal subjects. The mean difference of acetoacetate between A and HV blood was in the basal state 1.5% and that of beta-hydroxybutyrate 6% (n.s.). Similarly, the 14C-content of ketone bodies and their calculated rates of production of metabolic clearance were not significantly different between A and HV blood. Following induction of ketosis by acetoacetate loading infusions, the difference of concentrations and 14C-content of total ketone bodies between HV and A blood remained insignificant (average 3%), and ketone body kinetics calculated from A and HV blood were similar. Furthermore, concentrations of glucose, lactate and pCO2 did nit differ significantly between the two sampling sites. In contrast, concentrations of ketone bodies, glucose and pO2 were significantly lower, and the metabolic clearance rate of ketone bodies and pCO2 higher in antecubital venous blood compared to heated-hand venous blood. Thus, the similarity of heated-hand venous and arterial blood suggests that the noninvasive technique is suited for kinetic analyses using tracer methods and for arteriovenous balance studies of ketone bodies. PMID- 6804744 TI - Dissociation between sleep-related and TRH-induced prolactin secretion in seminiferous tubule failure. AB - Prolactin (PRL) secretion has been measured during sleep and following TRH administration in 8 patients aged 24-39 yr with seminiferous tubule failure and 36 controls. Basal LH levels were 25.7 +/- 14.7 mIU/ml in the patients compared to 11.5 +/- 4.2 mIU/ml in the controls (p less than 0.01) Corresponding FSH levels were 26.2 +/- 10.7 mIU/ml and 5.9 +/- 2.1 mIU/ml (p less than 0.001) Mean estradiol 17B and testosterone levels were similar in the 2 groups. The mean PRL secretion during sleep was 16.5 +/- 11.7 ng/ml in the patients and not different in 11 of the controls (12.4 +/- 3.2 ng/ml). One patient had a mean nocturnal PRL concentration of 44.1 ng/ml. In both groups, the mean sleep related PRL concentration was greater than that during waking hours. The average number of peaks in the 2 groups was similar. In the same patients, the peak PRL response to TRH (200 ug IV) was 81.9 +/- 18.8 ng/ml as compared to 32.1 +/- 10.7 ng/ml in the controls (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that PRL concentrations following pharmacological stimulation are increased in seminiferous tubule failure, whereas levels are normal in relation to the physiological stimulus of sleep. PMID- 6804745 TI - Effect of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on high density lipoprotein metabolism in pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). PMID- 6804746 TI - Growth hormone in the regulation of hyperlipidemia. AB - Plasma concentrations of triglyceride, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins A-I and B in young growth hormone deficient subjects were measured at intervals during the five weeks after initial hormone-replacement therapy. The mean concentrations of cholesterol, apolipoproteins A-I and B decreased significantly during that period: the decreases were progressive and in similar proportion to each other. Also, the amount by which apolipoprotein A-I concentration decreased was correlated with its plasmas concentration before treatment. The data suggests that growth hormone may play a role in the regulation of these three major plasma lipoprotein components and tend to suppress the development of hypercholesterolemia which has been observed in some adult growth hormone deficient subjects. PMID- 6804747 TI - Differing thyrotropin responses to increased serum triiodothyronine concentrations produced by overfeeding and by triiodothyronine administration. AB - The effects of overfeeding and triiodothyronine (T3) administration on basal serum thyrotropin (TRH) concentrations and the TSH response to thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in normal subjects. Eight normal volunteers were fed their usual diet plus 2,000 kcal carbohydrate daily for 7 days. Their mean serum T3 concentrations increased from 102 +/- 6 (SEM) ng/dl to 126 +/- 10 ng/dl; there were no changes in serum thyroxine (T4) and basal serum TSh concentrations or the TSh response to TRH. Five of these subjects were fed their usual diet plus 10 micrograms T3 for 3 days and 20 micrograms T3 for 4 days divided doses. Their mean serum T3 concentrations increased from 104 +/- 6 ng/dl to 140 +/- 8 ng/dl. Mean serum T4 and basal serum TSH concentrations declined and serum TSH responses to TRH were significantly reduced. In both instances serum T3 concentrations remained within the normal range. These results indicate that increases in serum T3 concentrations of similar magnitude induced by augmented extrathyroidal T3 production and T3 administration have different effects on thyrotroph function. PMID- 6804748 TI - Oxidation and ketogenesis in hepatocytes of lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Ketone body production and oxidation of 14C fatty acids to CO2 were measured in hepatocytes isolated from lean and obese Zucker rats. The oxidation of [1 14C]octanoate, [1-14C]palmitate and [1-14C]palmitoyl carnitine to 14CO2 was 50%- 70% less in obese than in lean rats. Although ketone body production in hepatocytes from both lean and obese rats was increased by fasting, there was a significantly lower rate of ketone body production in hepatocytes from obese rats. Ketone body production was reduced to a comparable extent by increasing the glucose concentration in the incubation media of hepatocytes from both lean and obese rats. Glucagon and carnitine increased ketogenesis and the effect were additive and similar in lean and obese rats. These data suggest that beta oxidation and ketogenesis are suppressed in the obese Zucker rat, and further that ketone bodies can be modulated similarly in hepatocytes from lean and obese rats by nutritional and hormonal intervention. It is postulated that the decreased beta-oxidation and ketone body production may play a role in the development or maintenance of obesity in the Zucker rat. PMID- 6804749 TI - Stimulus-secretion coupling of amino acid-induced insulin release VII. The B-cell memory for L-glutamine. AB - In the absence of another exogenous nutrient, L-glutamine does not stimulate insulin release from rat pancreatic islets or isolated perfused pancreases. L glutamine, however, augments insulin release evoked by L-leucine. These two amino acids could interact by providing both the substrate (L-glutamate) and an activator (L-leucine) for the reaction catalyzed by glutamate dehydrogenase. Under suitable experimental conditions, as little as 0.5 mM L-glutamine is sufficient to enhance leucine-stimulated insulin release. When the pancreases or islets are first exposed to L-glutamine and then stimulated with L-leucine, the rate of secretion is much higher than that evoked by L-leucine in tissue not first exposed to L-glutamine. The memory of a prior exposure to L-glutamine persists for at least 25 min after removal of the latter amino acid from the extracellular fluid. This memory phenomenon is not dependent on the presence of Ca2+ in the extracellular fluid during the first exposure to L-glutamine, but is suppressed when such a prior exposure is performed in the absence of extracellular K+. The memory phenomenon could be due, in part at least, to inhibition by L-glutamine of K+ conductance in the B-cell plasma membrane. Moreover, the amount of L-glutamate which accumulates in islets exposed to L glutamine is sufficient to maintain, for a much longer period than with other nutrient secretagogues, a sustained increase in catabolic fluxes after removal of the amino acid from the extracellular fluid. PMID- 6804750 TI - Serum and urinary lipoproteins in the human nephrotic syndrome: evidence for renal catabolism of lipoproteins. PMID- 6804751 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation of human plasma low density lipoprotein. Evidence for in vitro and in vivo glucosylation. PMID- 6804753 TI - Familial insensitivity of the pituitary and periphery to thyroid hormone: a case report in two generations and a review of the literature. AB - A clinically euthyroid 2-yr-old girl was found to have diffuse goiter that measured 3 X 5.5 cm with a prominent systolic bruit. Serum free T4 (3.4 ng/dl) and serum T3 (360 ng/dl) remained elevated for the next 10 months even though she remained clinically euthyroid. Elevation of serum free T4 (3.0 ng/dl) and serum T3 (265 ng/dl) was also present in the 24-yr-old nongoitrous mother who had symptoms and signs of hypothyroidism. Following intravenous injection of TRH, basal TSH levels of 2.7 and 2.8 microunits/ml increased to peak values of 17 and 21 microunits/ml at 30 min in the daughter and mother, respectively. Administration of exogenous T3 followed by sequential testing with boluses of TRH revealed retention of TSH responsiveness in both daughter and mother during pretreatment with dosage regimens of T3 below 125 micrograms daily. Maintenance of TSH responsiveness to TRH in the presence of elevated levels of serum free T4 and serum T3 indicates relative pituitary insensitivity to thyroid hormone which could be overridden by increasing the circulating levels of serum T3 three to fivefold over the already elevated basal levels. The absence of clinical signs of thyrotoxicosis indicates peripheral insensitivity to thyroid hormone with elevated circulating concentrations presumptively compensating for the defect. Resistance to thyroid hormone in two generations of the same family suggests genetic inheritance, and is concordant with four earlier reports of familial aggregation in this syndrome. PMID- 6804754 TI - The effect of thyroid hormones on prolactin secretion by cultured bovine pituitary cells. AB - The effect of thyroid hormones and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) on prolactin (PRL) secretion has been studied using a primary calf anterior pituitary cell culture system. After mechanical and enzymatic dispersion, cultured pituitary cells were preincubated with T3 or T4 for 48 hr prior to a 24 hr experimental incubation. T3 stimulated the release of PRL into the medium in a dose-related fashion, with an ED50 of 3 nM; at 10 nM T3, a maximal 52 +/- 5% stimulation (p less than 0.001) was observed. T4 at 100 nM stimulated medium PRL 27 +/- 10% (p less than 0.05); the ED50 for T4 was 20 nM. Neither T3 nor T4 affected intracellular PRL content. The stimulation of medium PRL by T3 was observed in medium containing 10% euthyroid as well as 10% charcoal-stripped hypothyroid calf serum. The relative stimulation by TRH of PRL release into the medium was significantly diminished by 10 nM T3 in euthyroid and stripped hypothyroid serum medium, but only as a consequence of the stimulation of basal medium PRL by T3; there was no change in maximal TRH-stimulated PRL release. In medium supplemented with unstripped hypothyroid serum, however, T3 did decrease absolute TRH-stimulated PRL release. PMID- 6804752 TI - Changes in very low density lipoproteins with cholesterol loading in man. AB - We have studied the effects of cholesterol loading in man, seeking changes in VLDL that may define a population of particles that resemble the atherogenic beta VLDL in experimental animals. Comparisons were made in 6 men during two diets, containing either 200 mg or 1700 mg cholesterol daily. Although the total plasma cholesterol did not rise significantly over 4 wk of cholesterol loading (mean +/- SD 178 +/- 41 to 194 +/- 48 mg/dl), distinct changes in lipoprotein composition occurred; (1) HDL cholesterol rose significantly (34 +/- 4 to 41 +/- 5) and plasma apoprotein AI rose from 118 +/- 10 to 129 +/- 9 mg/dl. (2) Within VLDL, the proportion of apoproteins E:C rose from 0.18 to 0.32 (p less than 0.005), though the apoprotein E concentration did not change, (3) Within VLDL, the ratio of cholesteryl esters:triglycerides rose, (4) Within VLDL (Sf 20-400) a population of particles that bound to heparin on heparin-sepharose columns increased threefold; since these particles were richer in apoprotein E and in cholesteryl ester than were VLDL not bound to heparin, we conclude that cholesterol loading leads to an increase in smaller VLDL particles, possibly partly catabolized VLDL or independently secreted IDL, that resemble findings in cholesterol fed animals, and (5) Transport kinetics of apoprotein B in VLDL studied in four subjects did not show a rise in production but this does not rule out increased secretion of a cholesteryl ester, apoprotein E enriched subpopulation of VLDL. PMID- 6804755 TI - Homocystine uptake in isolated rat renal cortical tubules. AB - Isolated rat renal cortical tubules were used to study the nature of homocystine entry into the tubule cell and its transport interactions with cystine and the dibasic amino acids. The uptake of homocystine with time was progressive, reaching a steady state after 60 min. of incubation. Analysis of the intracellular pool after 5 and 30 min. of incubation revealed that virtually all of the transported homocystine had been converted to other metabolites of the transsulfuration pathway. The major metabolite was cystathionine with a somewhat lesser, but still significant amount as S-adenosylhomocysteine. A kinetic analysis showed that two systems for cellular entry of homocysteine existed with a Km1 of 0.17 mM and a Km2 of 7.65 mM. Arginine and lysine inhibited homocystine uptake via the low Km, high affinity system, but appeared not to inhibit the high Km, low affinity system. Cystine inhibited the low Km, high affinity system, but had an indeterminate effect on the high Km, low affinity system. Homocystine inhibited the uptake of cystine, lysine and arginine by isolated rat renal cortical tubules. The inhibition of homocystine on cystine uptake appeared to occur on both the high and low Km system for tubule cell entry of cystine. The data suggest that the low Km system for homocystine transport is shared with cystine and the dibasic amino acids. These data extend the knowledge of homocystine metabolism and provide a rational basis for new approaches to the treatment of homocystinuria. PMID- 6804756 TI - A coupled photometric assay for plasminogen activator. PMID- 6804757 TI - Acetylcholinesterase. PMID- 6804758 TI - Structural glycoproteins. PMID- 6804759 TI - Application of models for envelope growth to cell length distribution data for Pseudomonas aeruginosa at various specific growth rates. AB - Cell length distributions were determined for magnesium-limited steady-state populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown in a chemostat at a variety of specific growth rates (0.037-0.621 h-1). The data were subjected to numerical analysis using an iterative procedure based upon the Collins and Richmond (1962) equation and various models for envelope growth. The cell length distributions of cultures growing at specific growth rates in excess of 0.276 h-1 could be modelled assuming constancy of the rate of increase in cell length, and the Zaritsky-Pritchard (1973) step growth model. Cultures growing at microns less than 0.276 h-1 had length distributions which skewed markedly towards the shorter length cells, and were not consistent with either linear, exponential nor step growth models. Pierucci (1978), however, proposed a model of linear envelope growth, which for slowly growing cultures predicted periods without envelope synthesis at the beginning of each division cycle. Application of such a model for slowly growing cultures produced similar skews in the cell length distributions, but could only adequately model the data when the periods of no growth occurred in mid-cycle. PMID- 6804762 TI - [Urodynamic studies are standard in today's diagnosis]. PMID- 6804760 TI - Viral hepatitis: a four-year hospital and general-practice study in Sydney. 2. Transmission of viral hepatitis among residential contacts in Sydney. AB - Clinical and serological study of household contacts of index patients suffering from acute viral hepatitis showed the high infectivity of hepatitis A viral (HAV) for susceptible contacts. The anti-HAV specific IgM developed in sera of 67% of susceptible children and 31% of susceptible adult contacts. Of 81 susceptible contacts whose sera became anti-HAV positive, 28.4% developed clinically overt hepatitis. Administration of human immunoglobulin reduced the rate of clinical expression of hepatitis A among susceptible contacts; it also appeared to reduce the actual infection rate. The infection rate among susceptible adult contacts of adult index cases suffering from hepatitis B was 24%. Of 25 susceptible contacts whose sera became HBV-marker positive, 24% developed clinical illness. Transmission occurred probably both by parenteral and non-parenteral means. It is currently not possible to determine susceptibility or seroconversion to hepatitis non-A non-B agents. PMID- 6804761 TI - [Nutrition of critically ill patients]. PMID- 6804763 TI - Transdermal delivery systems for nitroglycerin. PMID- 6804764 TI - Approximation formulas for least-squares fitting of functions of the form f [mu(x -x0)]. PMID- 6804765 TI - Changes in the dose-profile of a 10 MV x-ray beam within and beyond low density material. PMID- 6804766 TI - Radiation parameters of 6 to 20 MeV scanning electron beams from the Saturne linear accelerator. AB - Depth doses of the scanning electron beams from the Saturne Therac-20 linear accelerator at nominal energies of 6,9,13,17, and 20 MeV were measured in polystyrene using a thin window parallel plate ionization chamber. Central axis depth dose curves are derived and are analyzed according to the method of Brahme and Svensson. For each of the five electron energies, values are obtained for the most probable energy at the absorber surface Ep,0, the practical range Rp, the 50% range R50, the therapeutic range R85, the electron dose gradients, total collision energy losses, and other radiation parameters, and these are compared to corresponding values for electron beams from a 22 MeV medical microtron and a 20 MeV betatron. PMID- 6804768 TI - Magnetic analysis of the radiation components of a 10 MV photon beam. AB - For megavoltage x-ray beams, the percent depth dose increases considerably with field size in the buildup region, with a concomitant shift in the position of the maximum dose (dmax) to a shallower depth. Various authors disagree as to the cause of this effect. The radiation components contributing to absorbed dose in the buildup region of 10-MV photon field were analyzed as a function of field size by placing an electromagnet next to the Clinac 18 treatment head. The percent depth dose curves in the buildup region, obtained with a parallel plate chamber downstream from the magnetic field at 85 cm SSD, exhibited no dmax shift and a much reduced dependence on field size, in clear distinction with similar data taken with zero magnetic field. Confirmatory data were obtained at 100 and 120 cm SSD. These results clearly show that scattered electrons are the primary cause for the dmax shift and the dose increase in the buildup region with increasing field size. PMID- 6804767 TI - Comparisons of electron beam dose measurements in water and polystyrene using various dosimeters. AB - A comparison has been made of central axis percent depth dose and absorbed dose in electron beams of 7.8 and 10.2 MeV, measured with devices of differing geometry and construction. Flat and cylindrical ionization chambers have been used as well as thin thermoluminescent dosimeters. The ionization chambers had walls of air equivalent or tissue equivalent plastic. Results indicate that central axis depth dose measurements are independent of measuring device. No significant difference was found among the various ionization chambers with air equivalent walls in the determination of absorbed dose. The dose determined by the tissue-equivalent wall chamber was about 3% higher than the dose determined by the other ionization chambers. Dose maximum on the central axis in water is about 4% greater than when this same quantity is calculated from data measured in polystyrene. PMID- 6804770 TI - Unwanted radiation produced by leakage neutrons from medical electron accelerators. AB - Monte Carlo calculations have been made to determine the energy delivered to a phantom by neutrons escaping from the head of a Varian Clinac 35 medical accelerator at an SSD of 1 m. The energy was sorted into two regions: inside and outside a volume defined by a circular beam of area 100 and 600 cm2. For the two beam sizes, the energies outside the treatment volume were 12 and 8.7 g-rad (per photon rad) respectively. Room scattering increased these values by about 20%. These energies are smaller than those delivered by scattered photons by more than ten times. PMID- 6804769 TI - Unwanted photon and neutron radiation resulting from collimated photon beams interacting with the body of radiotherapy patients. AB - Monte Carlo calculations have been made to determine the energies delivered by photons and neutrons to the human body irradiated by collimated photon beams. The beams were monoenergetic and ranged from 100 keV to 40 MeV. The energy deposition in the body was sorted into two regions: inside and outside the irradiated volume. Most of the results obtained were for a beam size of 100 cm2 although some calculations were also made to 600 cm2 beams. The effect of beam size on energy deposition in the two regions was investigated for 60Co gamma rays. Graphs are presented which give the integral doses delivered by neutrons and photons to the two regions for therapy beams of various energies. These graphs can be used to calculate the integral doses which are delivered inside and outside the treatment volume for photon spectra from most medical accelerators. Calculations of energy deposition were also made for the spectra from two particular accelerators. These were done using Monte Carlo as well as by simply "folding" the spectra into the results for monoenergetic photons. The results obtained by both methods were in good agreement and indicated that the integral doses deposited outside the treatment volume by neutrons are more than two orders of magnitude smaller than those deposited by scattered photons. PMID- 6804771 TI - Microdosimetric measurements of radiation quality variations in homogeneous phantoms irradiated by fast neutron beams. AB - The Dual Radiation Action Theory of Kellerer and Rossi (DRA), along with presently available microdosimetric techniques, is applied to the determination of radiation quality variation within tissue equivalent phantoms irradiated by collimated fast neutron beams. The neutron beams investigated were produced by the bombardment of 22.5 and 16 MeV d + on beryllium and by the T(d,n)4He reaction (15-MeV neutrons). Microdosimetric spectra were obtained at points of varying depth and lateral distance from the central axis within a tissue equivalent phantom, including points within the penumbra. From the microdosimetric spectra the parameter RQ, a first approximation to RBE derived from DRA theory, is calculated for each point. All RQ values are calculated for the same level of effect. For these three different beams the results show that the RQ values for the total radiation spectrum of neutron and gamma radiation remain fairly constant with depth and with lateral distance from the beam axis at 2 and 10 cm depths. The largest central axis variation in RQ is 8% for the d(16) + Be beam. The largest variation between a penumbra and an on-axis RQ value is 4% at 2 cm depth in the d(22.5) + Be beam. The results for the d (22.5) + Be beam disagree with previously reported radiological results while the 15 McV beam results are in good agreement. PMID- 6804772 TI - Prediction of electron beam output factors. AB - A method to predict square and rectangular field output factors from the measurement of selected fields of electron beams on the Therac 20 Saturne has been developed. A two parameter fit of the square field output factor data, based on the functional dependence as predicted by a pencil beam calculational model, has proven clinically acceptable. The pencil beam distributions are given by the Fermi-Eyges theory of multiple Coulomb scattering. For a rectangular field, the output factor can be calculated from the square root of the product of the two square field output factors wtih sides equal to those of the rectangular field. If however, there is a significant asymmetry between the X and Y collimator systems, then rectangular field output factors should be predicted from the product of the X and Y one-dimensional output factors. One-dimensional output factors are defined as output factors of rectangular fields where one side remains constant and equal to the side of the square reference field. Measured data indicate either of the two methods of determining rectangular field output factors to be clinically acceptable for the Therac 20, the use of one-dimensional output factors demonstrating greater accuracy. Data show agreement to within approximately 1.5% at electron energies of 6, 9, 13, and 17 MeV. PMID- 6804773 TI - [The Leopard syndrome. Description of a case]. PMID- 6804775 TI - Rash illness associated with gypsy moth caterpillars--Pennsylvania. PMID- 6804776 TI - Follow-up on pentachlorophenol in log homes. PMID- 6804778 TI - Influenza update--United States. PMID- 6804777 TI - Chancroid--California. PMID- 6804779 TI - Measles--El Paso, Texas, 1981. PMID- 6804774 TI - Common-source outbreaks of trichinosis--New York City, Rhode Island. PMID- 6804781 TI - Gynecomastia in Haitians--Puerto Rico, Florida, Texas, New York. PMID- 6804780 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome, United States, 1970-1982. PMID- 6804782 TI - Characteristics of measles cases--United States, 1981. PMID- 6804783 TI - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Measles prevention. PMID- 6804784 TI - Childhood immunization initiative, United States--5-year follow up. PMID- 6804785 TI - Problems encountered with using Fansidar as prophylaxis for malaria. PMID- 6804786 TI - Update on contaminated Prepodyne Solution. PMID- 6804787 TI - Money & management. PMID- 6804788 TI - Rabbit immunoglobulin lambda chains: amino acid sequences of variable- and constant-region peptides from normal and allotype-suppressed rabbits. PMID- 6804790 TI - An increase in the number of recombinant molecules and other effects of the simultaneous allotype suppression of trans-chromosomal a VH and n Cmu Ig gene products. AB - The concomitant effects of trans-chromosomal allotype suppression of both an a VH and an n Cmu locus allotype in multiheterozygous rabbits were investigated. For example of the expression of the a2 VH and n81 Cmu allotypes were suppressed in a multiheterozygous rabbit having the a1 chi-y-n81de12,15f73g74/a2 chi 32y33n80de12.14f69g77 genotype. This trans-chromosomal allotype suppression led to the concomitant suppression of other CH allotypes in the same parental haplotype as the suppressed-n81 allotype (i.e. the e15, f73 and g74 allotype) and the partial suppression of the a1 VH allotype (from the normal level of 70% of the total Ig to 10%), and also led to compensation by other VH allotypes from the same parental haplotype as the suppressed-a2 allotype (i.e. the x32 and y33 allotypes). The x32 and y33 allotypes were expressed on Ig molecules with the CH allotypes coded by the same haplotype (i.e. the cis molecules). In a further analysis of the IgG molecules having the partially-suppressed-a1 allotype, one half (5%) of these molecules were trans-chromosomal recombinant molecules (i.e. a1e14 IgG) and the other half (5%) were cis-chromosomal molecules (i.e. a1e15 IgG). The trans-chromosomal a1e14 IgG molecules probably were derived from the expansion of a limited number of lymphoid clones that normally produce only 1.5% trans-chromosomal recombinant molecules. The cis-chromosomal a1e15 IgG molecules were probably derived either from lymphoid clones that survived the suppression by the anti-n81 Ab, or from lymphoid clones that bore a different subclass of IgM (i.e. n-negative IgM). PMID- 6804789 TI - Functional affinity constants of subfragments of immunoglobulin G for Clq. AB - The functional affinity constants for Clq of subfragments if IgG1 representing the C gamma 2 (c gamma 2III) region or the whole C gamma 3 region of Fc (pFc'), have been measured by examining the ability of these fragments to inhibit the interaction between radiolabelled Clq and glutaraldehyde-treated human erythrocytes or aggregated human IgG. The value of the functional affinity constant for the C gamma 2III fragment was the same as that for Fc and that determined previously for monomeric IgG, indicating that all the elements necessary for Clq binding are contained in a single C gamma 2 domain. The pFc' fragment was inactive but a more degraded trypsin fragment from this region, at C gamma 3, showed the same affinity of binding for Clq as the C gamma 2III and Fc. These results confirm earlier findings that it is not combination of residues in the C gamma 2 which bind Clq which is responsible for their activity but their accessibility. PMID- 6804791 TI - Structural differences between heavy chains of secreted and membrane-bound IgM of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. AB - The human lymphoblastoid cell line BL was shown to synthesise three distinct molecular species of immunoglobulin M heavy chains: membrane-bound (micrometer). intracellular (micro i) and secreted (microseconds) micro-chains. Only the membrane-bound form could be labeled with a lipophilic photoactivatable nitrene reagent. Analysis of their constituent CNBr fragments and carboxypeptidase A and B digestions of their C-terminal tails suggest that the CNBr peptide pattern of microseconds and micrometer, though similar, is not identical, and that amino acids released at the C-termini of the chains are different. The data confirm recent observations in human and murine systems be showing that the membranes associated human micro-chain contains a hydrophobic segment, consistent with its anchorage into the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and a C-terminal amino acid sequence different from that of the secretory micro-chain. PMID- 6804792 TI - Behavior of unreduced polymeric and monomdric immunoglobulins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. AB - Investigation of the electrophoretic behavior, in SDS-polyacrylamide and SDS polyacrylamide-agarose gels, of IgMs and low mol. wt. Igs from four classes of vertebrates, as well as fragments derived from them, was carried out. A clear but unexpected straight-line relationship was observed for all Igs (and fragments) tested when relative mobility was plotted against log mol. wt for the unreduced molecules. Aberrant behavior of the low mol. wt Ig of Bufo marinus was shown to be due to the complete dissociation of the molecule into free light chains and heavy-chain dimers, in the presence of SDS. PMID- 6804793 TI - Unique amino acid sequences of Bence Jones proteins in the urine of patients with adult Fanconi syndrome. AB - The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of Bence Jones (BJ) proteins isolated from the urine specimens of two patients (JBL and PSM) with adult Fanconi syndrome were determined. Both BJ proteins JBL and PSM are of the VkI subclass. However, protein JBL contains tyrosine at position 14 whereas protein PSM contains glutamine at position 40. Neither tyrosine 14 nor glutamine 40 has previously been reported for immunoglobulin (Ig) L-chains of any species including humans, the mouse, rabbit, rat, guinea pig. pig, dog, chicken, turkey, and shark. In addition, protein JBL contains alanine 22 whereas protein PSM contains arginine 30. Both alanine 22 and arginine 30 have been only rarely found in Ig L-chains. PMID- 6804794 TI - Studies on subunit components of immunoglobulin M from a bony fish, the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). AB - Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was isolated from serum of the chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) by means of ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. The purified chum salmon IgM had a mol. wt of 730,000 and a tetrameric structure. However, a fraction of tetrameric IgM was considered to be non-covalently associated molecules. The amino acid composition was determined for the chum salmon micro-and L-chains and was found to be similar to that reported for other teleost fish micro- and L-chains. No J-chain- like component could be identified in the salmon IgM by either alkaline urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or by the immunological cross-reaction with antisera to the human and chicken J chain. The immunoglobulin cross-reactivity between the chum salmon micro-chain and that of 22 other fishes was tested, and only micro-chains from the family Salmonidae revealed cross-reactivity. PMID- 6804796 TI - [Necrosis after intragluteal injection]. PMID- 6804795 TI - [Vomiting of obscure origin: digitalis poisoning]. PMID- 6804797 TI - [Esprit de corps--or: every man for himself]. PMID- 6804798 TI - [Current clinical viewpoints in otorhinolaryngology. Problems in diagnosis and conservative therapy]. PMID- 6804800 TI - [Orientation in space, its disturbance by disease (vertigo) and exogenous kinetic processes (kinetoses) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804801 TI - [Peri- and postnatal causes of juvenile hearing loss]. PMID- 6804799 TI - [Therapy of functional disorders of the eustachian tubes with drainage tubes]. PMID- 6804804 TI - [Diseases of the tongue (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804802 TI - [Ototoxicity due to loop diuretics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804803 TI - [When does a child need logopedic therapy?]. PMID- 6804805 TI - [Deep femoral-pelvic thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 6804807 TI - [Approach to the diagnosis and therapy of chronic pain]. PMID- 6804806 TI - [Anxiety: clinical aspects of a leading symptom]. PMID- 6804808 TI - [The position of anxiety in neuroses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804809 TI - [Special features of diagnosis and therapy in child and adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 6804811 TI - [Bloody tears. An unusual clinical symptom]. PMID- 6804812 TI - [The discovery of the tuberculosis germ by Robert Koch 100 years ago]. PMID- 6804814 TI - [Cholestatic viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6804813 TI - [Comparison of the therapeutic effects of lofepramine and maprotiline in depression]. PMID- 6804815 TI - [Lyell's syndrome]. PMID- 6804816 TI - [Primary lymphedema]. PMID- 6804810 TI - [Treatment of cluster headache (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804818 TI - [Disfiguring scars]. PMID- 6804819 TI - [Shortsightedness in medicine]. PMID- 6804821 TI - [Pictorial diagnosis of liver metastases. Sonography--computerized tomography- scintigraphy]. PMID- 6804820 TI - [Liver metastases: what remains to be done]. PMID- 6804817 TI - [Everybody has some sex]. PMID- 6804823 TI - [Cytostatic therapy in liver metastases of solid tumors]. PMID- 6804824 TI - [Dental prophylaxis and treatment in patients with radiation injuries]. PMID- 6804822 TI - [Enzyme tests in liver metastasis]. PMID- 6804825 TI - [50 years of geomedicine. Activities in a new direction of research]. PMID- 6804826 TI - [Potentialities and limits of drug therapy--today and tomorrow]. PMID- 6804828 TI - [Subacute arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6804827 TI - [Adjuvant steroid therapy of bacterial meningitis]. PMID- 6804830 TI - [The psyche and allergy]. PMID- 6804829 TI - [Hypercalcemia syndrome]. PMID- 6804831 TI - [Everybody has some sex (2)]. PMID- 6804832 TI - [Today's accident surgery. Evaluation and first aid at the location of the accident]. PMID- 6804834 TI - [Acute thoracic trauma. Assessment and emergency management (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804833 TI - [Craniocerebral injuries. Assessment and emergency management at the site of the accident (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804835 TI - [Abdominal injuries. Assessment and emergency management at the site of the accident]. PMID- 6804837 TI - [Acute external hemorrhage. Recognition and emergency management at the site of the accident (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804838 TI - [Spinal injuries. Assessment and emergency management at the site of the accident]. PMID- 6804836 TI - [Limb injuries. Assessment and emergency management at the site of the accident (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804840 TI - [Everybody has some sex]. PMID- 6804839 TI - [Generalized arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6804841 TI - [Early complications after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6804842 TI - [General sports: a wasteland of sports medicine care]. PMID- 6804844 TI - [Development and testing of new drugs in oncology]. PMID- 6804846 TI - [What you should tell your cancer patient]. PMID- 6804843 TI - [Clinical studies should not be accepted blindly]. PMID- 6804845 TI - [Ethical problems in the testing of new cytostatic agents]. PMID- 6804847 TI - [Pacemaker therapy of bradycardial arrhythmias (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804848 TI - [Combined administration of quinidine and verapamil in chronic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter (author's transl]. PMID- 6804850 TI - [Raynaud's disease]. PMID- 6804849 TI - [A new anti-arrhythmia agent (AQ-A 39) for the treatment of sinus tachycardia]. PMID- 6804851 TI - [Applied allergology 14. Contact dermatitis--contact eczema]. PMID- 6804854 TI - [Clinical aspects of Campylobacter enteritis]. PMID- 6804852 TI - [Current study of infectious disease. Increasing importance for the clinic and clinical practice]. PMID- 6804853 TI - [B-streptococcal septicemia in adults]. PMID- 6804858 TI - [Yersinia infections]. PMID- 6804857 TI - [Mammalian Chlamydia. Recent information on human pathogenicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804856 TI - [Pathogenicity of chlamydia. findings in human medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804855 TI - [Ankylosing spondylitis and Klebsiella: a genetic correlation?]. PMID- 6804859 TI - [Tsutsugamushi fever. Case report on an imported disease]. PMID- 6804860 TI - [Practical sports medicine, Exercise therapy after sports injuries]. PMID- 6804862 TI - Failure of irradiated onion to induce sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6804861 TI - The effects of dietary selenium on the biotransformation of 7,21 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. AB - The influence of dietary selenium on the mutagenic activation of 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) by rat liver S9 was studied using the Ames test. Rats received supplemental selenium, as sodium selenite, in the drinking water or in the diet. All rats additionally received 0, 20, 50, 100, or 500 mg Aroclor 1254 per kg body weight. Revertant counts decreased 72 and 31% at the 20- and 100 mg/kg induction levels, respectively, with S9 preparations from rats given selenium supplementation, compared to controls. No significant effects of selenium on S9 preparations was observed in rats treated with 500 mg/kg Aroclor. Preparations of S9 from rats receiving 2.5 ppm Se in their diet produced 46, 84 and 70% less revertants than controls at the 20-, 50- and 100-mg/kg induction levels. Increasing the selenium concentration in the diet to 5 ppm reduced the revertant counts by 71, 68 and 65%, at the 20-, 50- and 100-mg/kg induction level of Aroclor, respectively. Dietary selenium supplementation was shown to decrease the mutagenic activation of DMBA by liver microsomes. These studies indicate that in vivo selenium supplementation may reduce susceptibility to the action of various carcinogens. PMID- 6804865 TI - Mutagenicity screening of crude drugs with Bacillus subtilis rec-assay and Salmonella/microsome reversion assay. AB - This paper describes the screening studies of 104 commercial crude drugs for mutagenicity by the rec-assay with Bacillus subtilis as well as the reversion assay with Ames strains TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium. The rec-assays showed that 13 water extracts and 27 methanol extracts of the crude drugs were positive. The Ames assays with or without metabolic activation showed that 24 water extracts and 16 methanol extracts were mutagenic. In total, mutagenic activities were found in 45 samples among the 104 crude drugs tested. PMID- 6804867 TI - Issues in therapeutic apheresis. PMID- 6804864 TI - Absence of genotoxicity induced by 3H and 14C label in Salmonella typhimurium an Bacillus subtilus. PMID- 6804866 TI - Cost effectiveness of lead screening. AB - Lead-screening programs may reduce childhood disabilities, but at what cost? Through a review of the literature, we performed a cost-effectiveness analysis in which the costs, savings, and health benefits of two lead-screening strategies- employing either a free erythrocyte protoporphyrin assay or blood lead measurement--were compared with each other and with a strategy of no screening in a population of three-year-old children. When the prevalence of lead poisoning among the children screened is 7 per cent or more, we estimate that free erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening averts morbidity and results in net savings: It is both better and cheaper than no screening. At prevalences below 7 per cent, the net positive costs from screening and early treatment must be weighed against the noneconomic benefits of improved quality of life and considered in relation to other investments that could be made to benefit society. At all prevalence rates, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin screening is more cost effective than blood lead screening. PMID- 6804863 TI - On the nature of partial losses of the Y chromosome from treatment of ring X/BSYy+ males with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) or procarbazine and matings with repair-deficient st mus302 females of Drosophila. PMID- 6804870 TI - Financing long-term care. PMID- 6804868 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of glycine encephalopathy. PMID- 6804869 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone. PMID- 6804872 TI - Scrapie agent: prions or virinos? PMID- 6804871 TI - Activation of certain N-arylacetamides and N-arylacetohydroxamic acids in relation to mammary gland tumorigenesis in the rat. AB - This report describes activation of certain N-aryl-acetamides and N arylacetohydroxamic acids and its relationship to mammary gland tumorigenesis. Evidence is presented that metabolic activation of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) by mixed function oxidase of liver microsomes is the primary requirement for tumor induction in the mammary gland by this compound in young adult female rats. Mammary gland microsomes of those rats appear incapable of N-hydroxylating 2-FAA. Mammary gland microsomes of lactating rats, however, are capable of converting small amounts of 2-FAA to N-hydroxy-2-FAA, which suggests that the ability to perform certain metabolic activation reactions may depend on the stage of development of the mammary gland which is hormonally regulated. According to a current theory of chemical carcinogenesis, N-arylacetohydroxamic acids would have to be activated to electrophilic reactants to become ultimate carcinogens. Three mechanisms by which such reactants could be generated from N-aryl-acetohydroxamic acids in the mammary gland are reviewed: 1) nonenzymatic acetylation; 2) enzymatic N-O-acetyl transfer to form N-acetoxyarylamines; 3) one-electron oxidation to nitroxyl free radicals. In addition, the potential role of the metabolically formed glucuronide of N-hydroxy-2-FAA in mammary gland tumorigenesis is discussed. PMID- 6804873 TI - The LSP-2 gene and a 5' flanking sequence are independently expressed in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6804874 TI - Genes for immunoglobulin heavy chains and for alpha 1-antitrypsin are localized to specific regions of chromosome 14q. PMID- 6804875 TI - Direct immunofluorescent staining of Leucocytozoon caulleryi of different developmental stages. AB - Direct immunofluorescence was first used successfully for the staining of Leucocytozoon caulleryi of different developmental stages, such as the 2nd generation schizont and merozoite, gametocyte, zygote, ookinete, and sporozoite. Fluorescent antibody of IgG nature prepared from sera of chickens over a period from the 21st to the 100th day after sporozoite inoculation was used in this experiment. The cross reactivity on different developmental stages of L. caulleryi in the direct fluorescent antibody test suggested that antigens common to different developmental stages, or shared antigens, might exist, as well as specific antigens so far well-known. The fluorescent intensity of oocyst sporozoite, and schizont contents was apparently lower than that of any other stage. This evidence might be elucidated by the antigenic incompletion. PMID- 6804877 TI - Sporocysts of Sarcocystis cruzi in mesenteric lymph nodes of dogs. PMID- 6804876 TI - An analysis on the mechanism responsible for genesis of deformation of expiratory gas-concentration curves in chickens. AB - Phenomena associated with a deformation of short-time occurrence and noticed on concentration curves of tidal O2 and CO2 were examined in adult hens sitting quietly in a cage or suspended in prone position. During the episode of deformation, a decrease in arterial oxygen-gas tension was apparent. It was associated with a slight increase in arterial carbon-dioxide-gas tension and a slight acidic shift of arterial blood pH. The episode was associated with increases in intrapressure of the interclavicular and bilateral abdominal air sacs. The tracheal expiratory-gas flow changed in pattern. Hypoventilation due to reduction in tidal volume or respiratory rate could not be detected during the episode. The episode was suddenly terminated at the hen's body movement induced spontaneously or by pinching the comb, at coughlike activity or at no obvious change in behavior in a quietly resting position. Deformation similar to the spontaneous one could be induced by 3 ml-water flushing into the trachea or 0.1% methacholine aerosol inhalation. The mechanism responsible for the genesis of deformation was discussed. It was presumed to be based upon some mechanism, such as mucous accumulation in the lung, rather than upon the pulmonary smooth-muscle contraction. PMID- 6804878 TI - [The tubercle bacterium known for a century; 1882 - 24 March - 1982 (Heinrich Hermann Robert Koch)]. PMID- 6804879 TI - [EORTC studies in Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6804880 TI - The integration of primary nursing into a chronic care program. PMID- 6804883 TI - Pharmacologic effects of melatonin on hypothalamic-adenohypophyseal function in the nonhuman primate. AB - The pharmacologic effects of intravenous melatonin on hypothalamic adenohypophyseal function were studied in male rhesus monkeys (n = 10) and compared to control animals (n = 9-13). Basal and arginine- or L-dopa-stimulated values of growth hormone in melatonin-treated animals were similar to those of control primates. Insulin-stimulated growth hormone secretion was slightly decreased. Melatonin did not affect basal or thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone (TRH)-stimulated values of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) or prolactin. No effects were seen on basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion. PMID- 6804882 TI - [Hyperthermic treatment of malignant tumors. Possible application to the treatment of brain tumors]. PMID- 6804881 TI - [Effect of physical exertion on seizure discharges in the EEG of epilepsy patients]. AB - The purpose of this study was establishing the effect of moderate exercise on EEG tracings in young epileptics. The model of graded exercise was 15-minute work on a cycle ergometer. The effect of the exercise on the pattern of simultaneously recorded EEG was compared with the effect of 3-minute hyperventilation. After testing a control group of 20 young subjects without evidence of organic brain damage or with this damage causing no epilepsy another group of 43 epileptics was studied. In none of these patients the intensity of changes in EEG increased during the exercise but evident EEG differences could be detected during different stages of the exercise in 28 patients with significant generalized discharges. It was found that during the exercise in nearly all patients the number of discharges decreased while during hyperventilation it increased. In 10 patients in this group a repeated rise in the number of discharges was observed immediately after the exercise which was connected usually with greater fatigue after the exercise. In the light of these results the authors conclude that moderate exercise inhibits rather seizure activity in EEG contrary to hyperventilation which increases these changes. PMID- 6804885 TI - An ultrastructural study of nerve profiles in the myenteric plexus of the rabbit colon. AB - The ultrastructure of the myenteric plexus from the rabbit colon was examined in both conventionally fixed tissue and also material fixed with the chromaffin method. Montages of the ganglia were analysed semi-quantitatively. Six main types of axon profile are described and classified on a morphological consideration of the vesicle population. Most axon types formed synapses with myenteric neurons. Two kinds of chromaffin-positive nerve fibre were seen, one containing a predominance of small granular vesicles, the other containing many flattened vesicles. The difficulties in relating axon profile types to putative transmitters are discussed. PMID- 6804886 TI - [Cardiac changes in mucopolysaccharidoses]. PMID- 6804887 TI - [Lymphomas of the monocyte-macrophage system]. PMID- 6804888 TI - [Hairy cell leukemia]. PMID- 6804884 TI - Dopamine receptors in a rat model of minimal brain dysfunction. AB - A model of minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) in rats based on injection of 6-OH dopamine (DA) intracisternally on the 5th day of life has been described previously. Since 6-OH-DA pretreatment has been reported in adult rats to lead to a compensatory rise in DA receptor number, we measured DA receptor number in animals treated with 6-OH-DA on the 5th day of life, after completion of behavioral observations on days 17, 20 and 23 of life. Rats pretreated with 6-OH DA at day 5 were found, on sacrifice on day 23, to have a mean increase of about 20% in caudate spiperone binding. There was a significant correlation between spiperone binding and gross activity in 6-OH-DA-treated animals but not in untreated animals. Since the significant correlation between receptor number and gross activity is negative and DA receptor stimulators are known to increase activity, it appears that receptor number changes are not directly related to hyperactivity. PMID- 6804890 TI - [Long-term therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with alpha-mercaptopropionylglycine]. PMID- 6804889 TI - [The role of primary chemical mediators in anaphylactic and inflammatory reactions]. PMID- 6804891 TI - [Comparison between total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition in 2 cases of total gastrectomy for ingestion of caustics]. PMID- 6804893 TI - Total parenteral nutrition: reflections of a study tour to the United States of America. PMID- 6804892 TI - [The TRH test as a guide to the determination of a substitute dose of thyroid hormones in patients with primary hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6804894 TI - Management of condylomata acuminata with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - Ninety-four patients with condylomata acuminata of the lower genital tract and perianal region were treated with the carbon dioxide laser. Most were managed in the outpatient clinic, but 1 to 4 treatments were required depending upon extent of involvement. Of 90 patients, 75 (83.3%) were free of lesions on all follow-up examinations after initial treatment. Of 15 patients with recurrent lesions, 13 underwent a second laser treatment; 7 of these 13 have been subsequently free of condylomata. The overall success rate was 91%. The carbon dioxide laser provides an appealing method of management of condylomata acuminata because of its precision, rapid healing without scarring, and safety when used during pregnancy. PMID- 6804895 TI - Pseudocyesis: pituitary function before and after resolution of symptoms. AB - Pseudocyesis was clinically established in a 39-year-old woman. Pituitary function was assessed with the use of hypothalamic peptides and dopamine receptor agonists. Basal serum concentrations of anterior pituitary and ovarian hormones were normal. An exaggerated rise in luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin levels was seen following the administration of luteinizing hormone-release hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), respectively. A paradoxic rise in growth hormone (GH) levels followed TRH administration, whereas the response to dopamine receptor agonists was normal. Pituitary hormone secretion after deflation remained similar to that before deflation, although a normal response of GH to apomorphine was reestablished. These data indicate that the amenorrhea of pseudocyesis is associated with normoprolactinemia and a readily releasable pituitary LH pool, which suggests a suprahypophyseal etiology of the amenorrhea. The abnormalities in GH secretion may also support this contention. PMID- 6804896 TI - Evidence of excessive androgen secretion by both the ovary and the adrenal in patients with idiopathic hirsutism. AB - Fifteen patients with idiopathic hirsutism, who had no attenuated adrenal hyperplasia, obesity, enlarged ovaries, or amenorrhea, were studied. Excessive androgen secretion by adrenal tissue was suggested by the finding of increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, which decreased after dexamethasone administration but did not change after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Excessive androgen secretion by ovarian tissue was suggested by the finding that testosterone and androstenedione levels were elevated, correlated significantly with the levels of luteinizing hormone, decreased with administration of estrogen-progestagen, and increased after hCG injection. Notably, free testosterone levels, which were significantly increased, were only partially suppressed during dexamethasone or estrogen-progestagen administration. These results provide further evidence that both the adrenals and the ovaries secrete androgens excessively in patients with idiopathic hirsutism. PMID- 6804897 TI - Pituitary response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog at sea level and high altitudes. AB - Two groups of subjects living at different altitudes were stimulated with synthetic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) or with an LH-RH analog. One hundred micrograms LH-RH was given subcutaneously to 19 men and 19 women, all normal, of reproductive age, and living at sea level, and to 19 men and 20 women living at a high altitude (2940 m). In neither sex, however, were the differences in peak responses for both gonadotropins significantly different between the sea level and high-altitude groups. Plasma levels of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were also measured after administration of [D-Leu6, des Gly NH2(10)]-LH-RH ethylamide (25 micrograms subcutaneously) in 32 men and 37 women living at sea level and at high altitude. The analog induced a powerful and protracted stimulation of the release of LH and FSH irrespective of altitude and sex. The responses of men and women to the LH-RH analog, both for LH as well as for FSH, were significantly greater at sea level than at high altitudes. PMID- 6804899 TI - Increased prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in primary ovarian failure. AB - To investigate prolactin (PRL) and thyrotropin-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion in ovarian failure, 14 women with primary ovarian failure were challenged with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) (100 micrograms) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (200 micrograms) given intravenously at 30 minute intervals. Responses were compared with those of 13 healthy female controls. In the patient group, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, and peak gonadotropin responses to LHRH were higher and basal estrone and estradiol levels were lower than in the controls (P less than .001). Mean basal PRL levels were similar in the 2 groups. However, the mean peak and integrated PRL responses in the patients were greater than in the controls (P less than .05). Ten patients had a markedly exaggerated PRL response to TRH. The mean basal TSH levels and the peak TSH response to TRH were similar to those of the controls. Estrogens are known to stimulate PRL secretion. These subjects had increased PRL responses with low circulating estrogens. The mechanism underlying the findings is not known, but could be related to increased aromatization of androgens to estrogens in the hypothalamus. Alternatively, other factors could be responsible for the exaggerated PRL responses to TRH noted in these patients with primary ovarian failure. PMID- 6804898 TI - Epidemiologic and serodiagnostic aspects of chlamydial salpingitis. AB - Cultural, serologic, and epidemiologic aspects of Chlamydia trachomatis in acute salpingitis were assessed. Of 111 patients, 52 (47%) harbored C trachomatis in the cervix urethra, or both. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated in 41 patients of 209 (20%). A majority (79%) of women with gonorrhea were also infected with C trachomatis. A fourfold titer rise of chlamydial IgG antibodies or significant IgM titer, or both, was demonstrated in 37 patients of 72 (51%) from whom paired sera were obtained. The serologic response distinguished 3 different phases of chlamydial infection: acute, subacute, and chronic or reinfection. The patients' male sex partners were examined on a voluntary basis, and C trachomatis was detected in 68%, indicating a need for effective partner examination and treatment. PMID- 6804900 TI - Bromocriptine and norethisterone in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. AB - Thirty-six women suffering from premenstrual syndrome were treated with bromocriptine or norethisterone in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Bromocriptine decreased breast engorgement and irritability (P less than .01) and also decreased the total score of all symptoms (P less than .05). Weight gain during the luteal phase was smaller (P less than .05) during bromocriptine than during placebo treatment. Norethisterone treatment alleviated (P less than .05) breast tenderness. Changes in hormonal parameters and liver function tests during bromocriptine treatment were minimal, whereas norethisterone decreased serum levels of luteinizing hormone (P less than .01), follicle-stimulating hormone (P less than .001), and progesterone (P less than .05), while increasing the serum level of prolactin (P less than .01) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase activity (P less than .05). Serum levels of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid remained unchanged during both therapies. Bromocriptine treatment brought about side effects in 6 and norethisterone in 3 women. At the doses used, bromocriptine appears more efficient than norethisterone with regard to premenstrual symptoms, although norethisterone is better tolerated. PMID- 6804902 TI - Recognition of diabetes insipidus in postpartum hypopituitarism. AB - The association of diabetes insipidus with postpartum hypopituitarism is unusual. This report presents a patient with both conditions. Evidence pointing to the pathogenesis of the diabetes insipidus is discussed. This case and selected others illustrate the wide spectrum in the severity of diabetes insipidus encountered in postpartum hypopituitarism, as well as the masking of symptoms caused by concomitant glucocorticoid insufficiency. Histopathologic and experimental evidence suggests that patients with hypopituitarism occurring postpartum might also display mild diabetes insipidus if challenged with antidiuretic stimuli. Diabetes insipidus may be a feature of postpartum hypopituitarism that is infrequently recognized. PMID- 6804903 TI - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the carbon dioxide laser: report of 543 patients. AB - Five hundred forty-three patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were treated with the carbon dioxide laser and 441 have been seen for follow-up. The success rate was 76.4% after 1 treatment and 98% after 2 treatments. Many patients who returned with apparent minor abnormalities at the first follow-up visit had normal colposcopic results and Papanicolaou smears 6 months later. The complication rate was low, and no significant problems were caused by pain or bleeding at the time of treatment. Postoperative hemorrhage requiring hospital admission occurred in 1% of patients. Laser treatment should be carried out only in departments with colposcopic expertise. PMID- 6804904 TI - Cost-benefit analysis: can balance be achieved? PMID- 6804905 TI - Tubed enteral nutrition as practiced in a community hospital. PMID- 6804901 TI - Low dosage oral contraception in women with previous gestational diabetes. AB - The carbohydrate metabolic status in 10 women with previous non-insulin-dependent diabetes in pregnancy and in 8 control subjects was evaluated prospectively during a 6-month treatment period with an oral contraceptive containing 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms levonorgestrel. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed before treatment and after tablet intake for 2 and 6 months. At each test, plasma values of glucose, insulin, and glucagon were measured. Before treatment the non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients demonstrated significantly increased glucose values and decreased insulin values as compared with the values of the control subjects. During treatment they displayed a small but significant rise in plasma insulin values. The glucose tolerance, however, remained unaffected in both groups during the study period. No change in body weight or blood pressure was observed. The results indicate that hormonal contraception of the low dosage type may be administered to women with previously impaired glucose tolerance in pregnancy without any deterioration of the glucose metabolism post partum. PMID- 6804908 TI - Use of the problem-oriented record to evaluate treatment in a chronic psychiatric population. PMID- 6804909 TI - Quality assurance utilizing a computerized patient information system. PMID- 6804906 TI - Ultrasonic potentiation of the sporicidal activity of glutaraldehyde. AB - Laboratory test data showed a 4.8-fold increase in the sporicidal activity of glutaraldehyde with the incorporation of ultrasound. Projected times required for 100 percent killed of a 20,000 hydrated spore inoculant were reduced from 211 minutes to 44 minutes. Clinical exposure time intervals necessitated a 31/2-hour glutaraldehyde immersion versus a 30-minute cavitated glutaraldehyde chemosterilization to ensure a 100 percent kill. The feasibility of reducing the ADA-required 10-hour soak in glutaraldehyde to ensure sterility with the incorporation of ultrasonic baths is supported by these data. Tests performed also showed that the airborne contamination from an open tank method is minimal. No spores were retrieved from vapor collected by passive vacuum during cavitation of inoculated glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6804910 TI - Competition--the claims and the controversy. PMID- 6804911 TI - Quality assurance in prison health care: the New York City experience. PMID- 6804907 TI - A unit-based approach to nursing quality assurance. PMID- 6804912 TI - Using a patient information system in social work quality assurance activities. PMID- 6804913 TI - Adapting the tracer method of care assessment for use in developing countries. PMID- 6804914 TI - Assessing the quality of care provided in rural swing bed hospitals. PMID- 6804915 TI - Severity of illness: the DRGs' missing link? PMID- 6804917 TI - Quality assurance as an ongoing component of hospice care. PMID- 6804916 TI - Investigating the drop-out phenomenon in community mental health centers. PMID- 6804918 TI - [Experimental transplantation of the islands of Langerhans]. PMID- 6804919 TI - [2 current questions of ophthalmologic genetics]. PMID- 6804920 TI - Chronic diarrhoea in protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6804921 TI - Hereditary factors in childhood cancer. PMID- 6804922 TI - Migraine headaches in children: treatment. PMID- 6804923 TI - Relationship between the magnitude of bacteremia in children and the clinical disease. AB - The relationship between the magnitude of bacteremia due to Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis and the clinical diagnosis was determined on 79 children who were not receiving prior antibiotic therapy and had fever, either in the presence or absence of focal signs of infection. Bacteremia was quantitated by the recently described Quantitative Direct Plating procedure in which heparinized blood (0.5 ml each) is plated onto blood and chocolate agar plates. Additionally, blood was cultured by means of the radiometric Bactec technique. In the case of H. influenzae and S pneumoniae, 23 (92%) of 25 patients with more than 100 organisms per milliliter of blood had meningitis or epiglottitis in contrast to only four (9.5%) of 42 patients with less than 100 organisms (P less than .001). No significant difference was noted in the magnitude of bacteremia due to N meningitidis among 12 patients with meningitis or other serious infections. The possible predictive value of the quantitation of bacteremia is illustrated by the observation of three children with seemingly mild respiratory infection and counts in excess of 100 organisms per milliliter who, within 20 hours, developed meningitis or epiglottitis. High bacterial counts of H influenzae and S pneumoniae in excess of 100 organisms per milliliter of blood should alert the physician to the existence or possible development of serious disease. PMID- 6804926 TI - Morphological studies of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament by computed tomography. PMID- 6804925 TI - Zinc deficiency following surgery in zinc-supplemented infants. PMID- 6804924 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in the neonatal platelet. AB - An assessment of arachidonic acid metabolism in the platelet of the neonate was performed. The uptake of [14C]arachidonic acid into platelets of both the neonate and the adult were similar. Neonatal platelets, however, released a significantly greater amount (P less than .001) of prelabeled arachidonic acid (24.7% +/- 2.8%) in response to the physiologic agent thrombin when compared with platelets from adult control subjects (14.6% +/- 0.8%). When the activities of the lipoxygenase (12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid) and cyclooxygenase pathways (12-L hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid and thromboxane B2) were evaluated following incubation of platelets with [14C]arachidonic acid, significant differences were observed between adult and neonatal platelets. Platelets from the neonate produced less (P less than .01) thromboxane B2 (11.1% +/- 1.7%) when compared with platelets from adult control subjects (19% +/- 1.7%). In contrast, the lipoxygenase product 12-L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicostatetraenoic acid was increased (P less than .005) in the platelet from the neonate (41.5% +/- 2%), when compared with the adult (31.2% +/- 2.1%). The observation that the availability of substrate arachidonic acid is increased in the platelet of the neonate may have general implications in neonatal pathophysiologic processes. PMID- 6804927 TI - [Results of high energy X-ray therapy of gastric carcinoma. Part III: Early gastric carcinoma (Tl carcinoma) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804928 TI - [Twenty-three cases of gonococcal arthritis (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty-three cases of gonococcal arthritis involving 10 men and 13 women aged from 18-81 years (mean, 32 years) are reported. Seven of the men had developed urethritis 3 to 21 days previously. Seven of the women had no signs or symptoms of genital infection. Twelve patients presented with polyarticular lesions and 7 with monoarticular lesions heralded by migratory arthralgias. The joints most commonly affected were the knees, fingers, wrists and ankles. Ten patients had tenosynovitis of the flexor muscles of fingers, and 10 exhibited a skin rash suggestive of the condition. Haemocultures were positive for N.gonorrhoeae in 4 out of 12 patients. The organism was isolated from synovial fluid in 7/11 cases and from urethral and vaginal secretions in 9/20 cases. All patients were cured rapidly and without sequelae with penicillin or ampicillin. PMID- 6804929 TI - [Attempts at transplanting the pancreas (author's transl)]. AB - Two techniques are competing for pancreatic transplantation. One is auto transplantation of the islets after mechanical slicing and treatment with collagenase, the resulting produce being injected into the portal vein, and the other consists of transplanting a pancreatic segment obtained from cadavers or live donors by obliteration of the ducts with glue. The latter seems to be preferred. PMID- 6804930 TI - [Paratyphoid meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6804935 TI - Intravenous feeding. 1. Food for thought. PMID- 6804936 TI - Intravenous feeding. 2. The recipe. PMID- 6804931 TI - [Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk associated with atherosclerosis: HDL cholesterol or apoproteins? (author's transl)]. AB - The antiatherogenic role of HDL-cholesterol is now well established and for some years plasma HDL-cholesterol measurements have been used in the biochemical evaluation of atherosclerosis. A positive correlation has been found between low HDL-cholesterol plasma levels and high risk of cardiovascular complications. More recently, studies of the proteinic component of lipoproteins, particularly apoprotein A 1 of HDL lipoproteins and apoprotein B of LDL and VLDL lipoproteins, have shown that measurement of apoproteins is of greater help to differentiate between normal subjects and patients with coronary artery disease, irrespective of age. PMID- 6804934 TI - Primary dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6804933 TI - Coming out of long-stay care. PMID- 6804932 TI - Nucleotide sequence and thermal property of 5S rRNA from the elder aphid. Acyrthosiphon magnoliae. AB - The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from the elder aphid. Acyrthosiphon magnoliae was determined by using postlabeling sequencing techniques. The aphid 5S rRNA consists of 120 nucleotides and the sequence differs from those of Bombyx and Drosophila 5S rRNAs in 14 and 16 positions, respectively. A secondary structure model based on the sequence has two distinctive features : the helix I is shorter and the total free energy lower. Judging from the thermal profile, the aphid 5S rRNA likely assumes a conformation somewhat different from those of the other two insects. PMID- 6804937 TI - [Incidence of the occurrence of erythrocyte agglutinating antibodies coated with incomplete IgG or the products of their pepsin and papain digestion in chronic glomerulonephritis and dialysis patients]. PMID- 6804938 TI - DNA between variable and joining gene segments of immunoglobulin kappa light chain is frequently retained in cells that rearrange the kappa locus. AB - A systematic analysis of the fate of the DNA between kappa chain variable (V kappa) and joining (J kappa) genes in cells that have rearranged kappa loci was carried out. The DNA from a variety of kappa-producing plasmacytomas, lambda producing hybridomas, and kappa-expressing lymphocytes was digested, fractionated by size, and analyzed with two probes containing sequences 5' of J kappa. In 13 of 28 plasmacytomas examined the rearrangement of V kappa and J kappa appears to be accompanied by loss of DNA upstream of J kappa. However, in the rest of the plasmacytomas one or more upstream sequences are retained in a new context. In 9 of 12 lambda-producing hybridomas (which frequently rearrange both kappa loci) one or more upstream segments were detected. These unique fragments were probably generated by a recombination event near or at the J kappa region. The extent to which the region between V and J is maintained in kappa-expression lymphocytes was also measured. Most (76%) of the region upstream of J kappa is retained in the population, even though 68% of the kappa loci are rearranged. In order to explain how these upstream elements occur in some, but not all, cell lines, and the significant occurrence in the lymphocyte population, we propose a model in which a step in V--J joining involves mitotic recombination by unequal sister chromatid exchange. PMID- 6804940 TI - Association of cytosol hemoglobin with the membrane in intact erythrocytes. AB - The problem of demonstrating hemoglobin binding to the erythrocyte membrane in intact cells was approached by observing the quenching of fluorescent membrane probes by hemoglobin as a function of pH. This quenching was studied by measuring fluorescence intensities and decay rates of membrane-bound donors by both right angle and front-face fluorometry. The donors included 4,4'-bis(isothiocyano)-2,2' stilbene disulfonate (DIDS) bound to the band 3 protein and 2-, 6-, and 12-(9 anthroyloxy(stearic acid (2-AS, 6-AS, and 12-AS) in the lipid portion of the membrane. The probe fluorescence is quenched progressively as the intracellular pH is decreased from 7.2 to 5.9 and does not depend on the oxygenation state. Since the fluorescence characteristic of the DIDS and x-AS probes in ghosts are independent of pH over this range, this quenching is due to the greater proximity of the donors and hemoglobin. Because hemoglobin binding to the band 3 protein in ghosts has previously been shown under conditions of low ionic strength and hemoglobin concentration, the present results were analyzed by a model in which a hemoglobin molecule is bound or in close proximity to a band 3 protein at pH 6. By using resonance energy transfer theory, we found the distance from DIDS to the bound hemoglobin to be approximately 4 A, which is within the range of distances measured between the DIDS binding site and the band 3 protein cytoplasmic sulfhydryl groups. Furthermore, the pH-dependent fluorescence quenching of 12-AS was stronger than that of 2-AS, showing that a cytoplasmic acceptor is involved and that the average distance between hemoglobin and these probes was greater than that for DIDS. PMID- 6804939 TI - Phosphorylation of synthetic peptides by a tyrosine protein kinase from the particulate fraction of a lymphoma cell line. AB - The particulate fraction from a lymphoma cell line, LSTRA, was found to contain an apparent high level of tyrosine protein kinase activity. When this fraction was incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of 10 mM MnCl2, hydrolyzed, and assayed, 70--80% of the radioactivity recovered in phosphoamino acids was in phosphotyrosine. Gel electrophoresis of the proteins showed that a large portion of the 32P was in a single protein with a molecular weight of approximately 58,000. The phosphorylated residue in this protein was identified as phosphotyrosine. Detergent extracts of the particulate fraction from LSTRA cells contained both the Mr 58,000 protein and the enzyme responsible for its phosphorylation. These extracts were found to catalyze the phosphorylation of the tyrosine residue in the synthetic peptide, Ile-Glu-Asp-Asn-Glu-Tyr-Thr-Ala-Arg Gln-Gly, corresponding to the sequence around the tyrosine that is phosphorylated in pp60src; the Km for the peptide in this reaction was 5 mM. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assay for this phosphorylation. A second peptide was synthesized that contained two additional arginine residues whose presence permitted the phosphorylation of the peptide to be measured by a simple assay using phosphocellulose paper. The Km for this peptide was 3--4 mM, indicating that the presence of the additional arginine residues did not alter the apparent affinity of the kinase for the peptide. PMID- 6804941 TI - Drosophila gene related to the major heat shock-induced gene is transcribed at normal temperatures and not induced by heat shock. AB - A gene related to the major heat shock-induced (hsp70) gene of Drosophila has been isolated from the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans. This heat shock-cognate (hsc70) gene is present at cytological locus 70C. The primary sequence of approximately one-third of the protein-coding region has been compared with that of the hsp70 gene; 72% homology of the base sequence and 74% homology of the deduced amino acid sequence was found. In the codon specifying amino acid 66, the hsc70 gene contains an insertion of 1.7 kilobases; the hsp70 genes contain no intervening sequences. The sequence at the 5' and 3' junctions of the insertion is similar to that found in many intervening sequences. cDNA extension experiments indicate that the hsc70 gene is transcribed at normal temperatures in adult flies and that transcription is not enhanced by heat treatment. PMID- 6804942 TI - DNA sequences of the joining regions of mouse lambda light chain immunoglobulin genes. AB - The joining (J) segments of mouse immunoglobulin lambda light chain genes, lambda 2, lambda 3, and a presumptive lambda 4, were cloned, and their sequences were determined and compared with that of lambda 1. Although all the lambda J segments share sequence homology, the J1 and J4 segments and the J2 and J3 segments, respectively, are more homologous. These sequence data, together with the fact that present day lambda genes occur in two clusters, 5' J3C3J1C1 3' and 5' J2C2J4C4 3', further substantiates a probable evolutionary duplication unit, JIICIIJICI, with II the precursor of lambda 3 and lambda 2 and I the precursor of lambda I and lambda 4. From the J4 sequence, we conclude that the lambda 4 gene is most likely nonfunctional (i.e., a pseudogene). The signal nonamer sequence 5' to J3 differs from that of J1 in two consecutive base pairs. This difference could account in part for the lower level of expression of lambda 3 as compared with lambda 1 in mouse serum. PMID- 6804943 TI - Genetic variation in natural populations: problem of electrophoretically cryptic alleles. AB - Electrophoretic studies have shown that the average frequency of heterozygous loci per individual is about 12% in Drosophila and other invertebrates and about 6% in vertebrates. It is estimated that only about two-thirds of all amino acid substitutions change net electric charge; hence, a large fraction of all genetic variation may be undetected by electrophoresis. Peptide mapping of 11 independent alleles coding for alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster has uncovered one cryptic variant; thus, the frequency of electrophoretically cryptic variation is apparently low, about 9% in this sample. Nevertheless, with a simple model it is shown that this degree of cryptic variation, if it is typical of other loci, would substantially change our current estimates of genetic variation: the average heterozygosity would increase from about 12% to about 25% for invertebrates and from about 6% to 21% for vertebrates. A variety of techniques- including sequential electrophoresis and heat or urea denaturation--have been used by various investigators to detect electrophoretically cryptic variation. These techniques appear to be less effective than peptide mapping for detecting cryptic variation, but, like peptide mapping, they suggest that standard electrophoresis may detect most of the protein variation present in natural populations. The charge-state model of protein variation proposes that the "alleles" detected by electrophoresis are extremely diverse classes consisting of many electrophoretically cryptic alleles. The alcohol dehydrogenase peptide mapping results are inconsistent with the charge-state model. PMID- 6804944 TI - Biochemical signal transmitted by Fc gamma receptors: phospholipase A2 activity of Fc gamma 2b receptor of murine macrophage cell line P388D1. AB - The detergent lysate of the P388D1 macrophage cell line was subjected to affinity chromatography on two different media, Sepharose coupled to heat-aggregated human IgG (IgG-Sepharose) and Sepharose coupled to the phosphatidylcholine analog rac-1 (9-carboxyl)nonyl-2-hexadecylglycero-3-phosphocholine (PC-Sepharose). Both IgG- and phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins were further purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 M urea. The isolated IgG-binding proteins specifically bound to IgG2a, but not to IgG2b, whereas the isolated phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins specifically bound to IgG2b but not to IgG2a. Phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins possessed a typical phospholipase A2 activity (phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4), which was maximal (10 mumol/min per mg of protein) at pH 9.5, depended on Ca2+, and was specific for cleavage of fatty acid from the C-2 position of the glycerol backbone of phosphatidylcholine. The noted enzymatic activity was augmented 4-fold by preincubating phosphatidylcholine-binding proteins with heat-aggregated murine IgG2b but not with IgG2a. IgG-binding proteins, on the other hand, are devoid of any detectable phospholipase A2 activity. Thus, the functional significance of Fc gamma 2b receptor of P388D1 macrophage cell line would be the generation of phospholipase A2 activity at the cell surface upon specific binding to Fc gamma 2b fragment. PMID- 6804945 TI - Transcription of a Drosophila heat shock gene is heat-induced in Xenopus oocytes. AB - Xenopus cells, like many other eukaryotic cells, respond to heat treatments by increasing the rate of synthesis of a few characteristic proteins, the heat shock proteins. Because of the generality of this response, it seemed possible to examine the expression of isolated heat shock genes in a heterologous system. Phage 122 DNA, containing two identical genes coding for the Drosophila 70,000 dalton heat shock protein (hsp70 genes), was microinjected into Xenopus oocyte nuclei. The Drosophila hsp70 genes are transcribed efficiently in heat-treated oocytes (35-37 degrees C) to give RNA of the correct size and sequence content. Transcription is sensitive to low levels of alpha-amanitin and therefore is carried out by RNA polymerase II. At normal temperatures (20-28 degrees C) essentially no Drosophila-specific RNA is formed. The isolated insert fragment of phage 122 also gives RNA of correct length in heat-treated oocytes which hybridizes to the coding segment of Drosophila hsp70 genes only. At normal temperatures, however, its rate of transcription is variable and only RNA heterogeneous in size is formed. PMID- 6804946 TI - Heat shock induces rapid dephosphorylation of a ribosomal protein in Drosophila. AB - Ribosomes isolated from Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells labeled in vivo with 32Pi contain a single, heavily phosphorylated, ribosomal protein. As much as 40% of this protein is phosphorylated in cells cultured at 25 degrees C. The molecular weight and other characteristics of this protein suggest possible homology with ribosomal protein S6. Following a shift-up to 37 degrees C, the protein is specifically and quantitatively dephosphorylated. The kinetics of this dephosphorylation are rapid with a half-time on the order of a few minutes. These kinetics closely parallel the heat shock-induced breakdown of the preexisting polysome population. PMID- 6804949 TI - Identification of the 48-base-long primordial building block sequence of mouse immunoglobulin variable region genes. AB - Mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (Ig VH) genes apparently arose from the approximately 600-base-pair-long (approximately 12 tandem repeats of the 48-base-pair-long primordial building block sequence TTC-AGC-AGC-CTG-ACT-GGA-TAT GAC-CTG-GAG-TGG-ACT-TAC-TGC-GCA-AGA) that in the original reading frame specified the amino acid sequence Phe-Ser-Ser-Leu-Thr-Gly-Tyr-Asp-Leu-Glu-Trp-Thr-Tyr-Cys Ala-Arg. The previously identified, shorter prototype building blocks merely represented particular portions of the above primordial sequence. Even today, the direct descendant in toto of this primordial sequence specifies the last one sixth of each VH coding sequence: the 83rd to 98th amino acid residues. Furthermore, its four truncated derivatives specify the 4th to 14th, 17th to 23rd, 29th to 37th, and 38th to 48th amino acid residues. Accordingly, all three relatively invariant--therefore, conserved--framework regions (FW-1, FW-2, and FW 3) of VHs are specified by recognizable--therefore, conserved--descendants of the primordial sequence. PMID- 6804948 TI - Linkage and sequence homology of two human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain constant region genes. AB - We report the nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding a human immunoglobulin C gamma 2 region. Comparison with the previously determined C gamma 4 sequence reveals that these two genes share extensive (approximately 95%) homology in the three CH domain exons and adjacent noncoding regions. In contrast, hinge exons have diverged to a much greater degree, implying that natural selection has favored the generation of diversity in these coding regions. We have used the noncoding nucleotide differences to estimate that approximately 6-7 million years have elapsed since the occurrence of the gene duplication or correction event which generated the two identical ancestral genes. In addition we show that the two C gamma genes are arranged in human chromosomal DNA in the configuration 5'-C gamma 2-17 kilobase pairs -C gamma 4-3'. PMID- 6804947 TI - Single amino acid substitution altering antigen-binding specificity. AB - S107, a phosphocholine-binding myeloma protein, has been cloned in soft agar, and an antigen-binding variant has been isolated and characterized. The variant does not bind phosphocholine attached to carrier or as free hapten in solution but does retain antigenic determinants (idiotypes) of the parent. Chain recombination experiments suggest that the defect in binding is entirely in the heavy chain. Amino acid sequence analysis showed a single substitution--glutamic acid to alanine at position 35--in the first hypervariable or complementarity-determining region. In terms of the three-dimensional model of the phosphocholine-binding site, glutamic acid-35 provides a hydrogen bond to tyrosine-94 of the light chain that appears to be critical for stability of this portion of the binding site. The removal of this bond and the presence of the smaller alanine side chain is thus consistent with the loss in binding activity. These results suggest that small numbers of substitutions in antibodies, such as those presumably introduced by somatic mutation, may in some situations be effective in altering antigen binding specificity. PMID- 6804950 TI - mRNA for surface immunoglobulin gamma chains encodes a highly conserved transmembrane sequence and a 28-residue intracellular domain. AB - To probe the structure of the gamma heavy chain of membrane IgG and the mRNA and gene segments that encode it, we have analyzed cDNA clones derived from a gamma 1 membrane RNA of B lymphoma 2PK-3. The nucleotide sequence of the clones indicated that membrane gamma 1 chains bear a COOH-terminal 71-residue segment that is absent from secretory gamma 1 chains. This terminus includes a 26-residue hydrophobic transmembrane region homologous to that of membrane mu chains and, significantly, a 28-residue intracellular domain found only on gamma chains. The extra domain suggests that receptor IgG, on memory B cells, may generate a different signal on binding antigen than does receptor IgM, on virgin B cells. The gamma 1 membrane terminus is encoded by two gene segments 1.5 and 2.4 kilobase pairs downstream from the C gamma 1 gene, and homologous segments occur 3' to the C gamma 2a and C gamma 3 genes. Small amounts of membrane gamma mRNAs persist in plasmacytomas secreting IgG1, IgG2a, or IgG2b, suggesting that competition between alternative RNA processing pathways governs the synthesis of membrane and secretory gamma chain mRNAs. PMID- 6804951 TI - Clonal anergy: the universally anergic B lymphocyte. AB - The clonal anergy theory of induction of immunological tolerance states that differentiating B lymphocytes that encounter multivalent antigen at the pre-B to B cell transition stage can receive and store a negative signal, which renders them anergic to later triggering stimuli. The theory was tested by using an anti mu chain monoclonal antibody, E4, as a model tolerogen. The fluorescence activated cell sorter was used to select B cell-free cell populations from adult murine bone marrow or newborn spleen, and later, to analyze B cell neogenesis in vitro. The presence of E4 at greater than or equal to 1 microgram/ml was required to impede the development of normal numbers of B cells with full receptor status. The subsequent capacity of these B cells to respond in vitro to mitogens was assessed in a filter-cell free microculture system that allows single B cells to proliferate and differentiate. Concentrations of E4 far below those required to affect B cell neogenesis had profound inhibitory effects on the subsequent functional capacity of the B cells. In fact, 10(-3) micrograms/ml of E4 markedly impaired both proliferation and antibody formation, and 10(-1) micrograms/ml, which had no effect on Ig receptor development, abrogated functional capacity. Thus B cells formed in the presence of E4 at 10(-1) micrograms/ml, though possessing the receptor status typical of B cells, were functionally entirely anergic. Exposure to E4 appeared to accelerate the spontaneous death rate of newly formed B cells in vitro. Whether the anergic cell would also have a shortened life span in vivo is not known. PMID- 6804954 TI - Clinical application of PG and TX metabolite quantification. PMID- 6804952 TI - Synthesis of adriamycin-coupled polyglutaraldehyde microspheres and evaluation of their cytostatic activity. AB - Adriamycin was coupled to polyglutaraldehyde microspheres having an average diameter of 4500 A. The coupled microspheres remained stable during incubation with cells. Full cytostatic activity was observed when the coupled adriamycin was tested with murine or human leukemia and murine sarcoma cell lines. A 10-fold increase in sensitivity was obtained with drug-resistant human leukemia cell lines. Repeated use of the coupled microspheres in the cytostatic assays did not increase their activity, indicating that these complexes can be recycled. The results suggest that coupled adriamycin sufficiently perturbs the plasma membrane to lead to cytostatic activity. It is proposed that this mode of drug delivery provides multiple and repetitious sites for drug-cell interactions. In addition, the drug-polymer complexes may overcome those forms of resistance that are the result of decreased drug binding at the cell surface. PMID- 6804955 TI - EFA--essentiality--1980. PMID- 6804953 TI - Subcellular localization of prostaglandin forming enzymes using conventional and monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6804957 TI - Enzymes involved in the conversion of endoperoxides. PMID- 6804956 TI - Role of zinc in linoleic acid desaturation and prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6804958 TI - Glycerolipids and prostaglandin biosynthesis in the rabbit iris. PMID- 6804962 TI - Metabolism of arachidonic acid by the reproductive tract of the hen. PMID- 6804959 TI - Role of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase in platelet lipoxygenase metabolism. PMID- 6804961 TI - Effects of topical application of fatty acids. PMID- 6804963 TI - The effect of substrate availability on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in human platelets. PMID- 6804964 TI - Rearrangement of 15-hydroperoxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HPETE) during incubations with hemoglobin: a model for platelet lipoxygenase metabolism. PMID- 6804966 TI - The mechanism of oxygen activation involved in the prostaglandin synthetase mechanism. PMID- 6804965 TI - Enhanced formation of 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by ram seminal vesicle microsomes in the presence of antioxidants. PMID- 6804967 TI - Reduction of heme by lipid peroxides and its potential relevance to understanding control of cyclo-oxygenase activity. PMID- 6804968 TI - Early steps on the in vivo incorporation of [1-14C]linoleic acid into liver lipids of protein deficient pregnant rats. PMID- 6804969 TI - Some perspectives on platelets and prostaglandins. PMID- 6804970 TI - The role of (n-6) fatty acids and their metabolites in arterial thrombus formation. PMID- 6804971 TI - Fatty acids as sources of potential "magic bullets" for the modification of platelet and vascular function. PMID- 6804972 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets and endothelial cells. PMID- 6804974 TI - Calmodulin stimulates thromboxane synthesis in human platelets: studies with thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6804973 TI - Human platelet PGE1 and dihomogammalinolenic acid. Comparison to PGE2 and arachidonic acid. PMID- 6804960 TI - Pulmonary effects of Intralipid: the role of Intralipid as a prostaglandin precursor. PMID- 6804975 TI - The effect of aspirin on prostaglandin synthetase. PMID- 6804976 TI - Polyunsaturated fatty acids of the retina. PMID- 6804977 TI - Rapid release of free arachidonic acid in the central nervous system due to stimulation. PMID- 6804979 TI - Effects of dietary variation in linoleic acid content on prostaglandin synthesis in infants. PMID- 6804978 TI - Alpha tocopherol quinone (alpha TQ): a potent inhibitor of platelet function. PMID- 6804980 TI - Role of arachidonic acid in neutrophil aggregation. PMID- 6804981 TI - Essential fatty acids in relation to mammary carcinogenesis. PMID- 6804982 TI - Prostaglandin formation by murine malignant melanoma cells: inverse correlation with metastasis. PMID- 6804983 TI - Arachidonic acid and hexose transport in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6804984 TI - Arachidonate metabolism by neutrophils. PMID- 6804985 TI - Reevaluation of sex differences in platelet aggregation in a physiologic system. PMID- 6804986 TI - Inhibition of fatty acid gastrointestinal absorption in vivo in the rat by parenteral administration of probenecid. PMID- 6804987 TI - Serum free fatty acid and arachidonic acid response to successful inhibition of premature labor with isoxsuprine. PMID- 6804988 TI - Prostaglandin cyclooxygenase. PMID- 6804989 TI - The metabolism of arachidonic acid in isolated rat lungs is not changed during cigarette smoke ventilation. AB - Cigarette smoke ventilation of isolated perfused rat lungs partially inhibited the pulmonary vascular pressor response to arachidonic acid. The amounts of metabolites of exogenous arachidonic acid in the perfusion effluent remained unchanged during smoke ventilation. The antiaggregatory effect of the effluent during pulmonary infusion of AA was not decreased by smoke ventilation. The cause of the previously reported increased platelet aggregation after smoking remains unclear. PMID- 6804990 TI - Five methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole acetic acid. A metabolite and alkali hydrolysis product of indomethacin, markedly inhibits platelet aggregation only in the presence of aorta or a product released by aorta. AB - 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole acetic acid (5MIAA) is a metabolite and alkali hydrolysis product of indomethacin. This indole derivative was previously found to be an effective in vivo inhibitor of platelet aggregation in an experimental model of microvascular injury in the mouse. In a standard aggregometer assay, the in vitro inhibitory action of 5MIAA was weak and failed to explain its in vivo effect. The present study employed two assay systems testing the capacity of 5MIAA to increase the aggregate inhibiting activity of the aorta. In one series of experiments the aorta, the drug and platelet rich plasma were incubated together, and in another series aliquots of aortic incubation media were transferred to PRP. Both types of study showed that 5MIAA interacts with the aorta and with a substance(s) produced by aortic wall to markedly inhibit aggregation stimulated by arachidonic acid. Thus, when 100 micrograms/ml of 5MIAA, which by itself had a negligible effect on aggregation, was added to a cuvette containing both aorta and PRP, the inhibitory effect of the aorta was enhanced three fold. The substance with which 5MIAA interacts was eliminated by cyclooxygenase inhibitors, but direct tests of 5MIAA's ability to potentiate the effect of prostacyclin were unsuccessful. PMID- 6804992 TI - Alterations of the prostacyclin-thromboxane ratio in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. AB - Thrombin induced thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 production were significantly increased in platelets of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats as compared to non-diabetic control rats, while collagen induced thromboxane A2 production was decreased. Using exogenous arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 production, but not thromboxane A2 production, was increased in platelets from streptozotocin treated animals. Prostacyclin production in the diabetic aorta was significantly lowered; however, control levels of prostacyclin production resulted after incubation of the tissue with dipyridamole. Diabetic animals demonstrated a fivefold decrease in the endogenous arterial prostacyclin/platelet thromboxane A2 ration when thrombin or ADP was used to induce thromboxane A2 production. This elevated ratio could be a contributing factor to the vascular complications of diabetes. Dipyridamole, due to its ability to partially normalize this ratio, may be useful as a therapeutic agent in this and related vascular diseases. PMID- 6804994 TI - Double-lumen flow-through swivel for chronic experiments with unrestrained monkeys. AB - Two modifications of a flow-through swivel are described for prolonged infusions into and simultaneous blood-sampling from chronically implanted catheters of large, unrestrained animals, e.g., rhesus monkeys. In addition, both offer easy access to the catheters proximal to the swivel and to the lumen of the reinforced nylon tubing which connects the animal to the swivel. PMID- 6804993 TI - Comparative studies on the photosensitizing potency of 5-methoxypsoralen and 8 methoxypsoralen as measured by cytolysis in Paramecium caudatum and Tetrahymena pyriformis, and growth inhibition and survival in Candida albicans. PMID- 6804995 TI - Differences between rats and undernourished preweaning, and controls in learning about a redundant stimulus during acquisition of a conditioned emotional response. AB - Male rats were undernourished during the first three weeks of life by restricting maternal food consumption. Following nutritional rehabilitation, previously undernourished (PU) and control (C) rats were trained to operate a lever to obtain food reward on a variable interval schedule. When rates of responding had stabilised, the rats were tested for suppression of lever-pressing during the illumination of a light which preceded footshock. There were not differences between PU and C groups in the acquisition of this conditioned emotional response, nor were there differences in suppression when a redundant, tone stimulus was presented contemporaneously with the light to predict shock. When the tone was subsequently tested alone for its ability to suppress lever-pressing it was found to have acquired this property in C, but not in PU animals. In a second experiment, PU and C rats were found not to differ in their response to the tone when it was presented as a novel stimulus, nor in suppression to the tone when it was made the sole predictor of footshock. It was concluded that PU and C rats differed in learning about a stimulus predicting footshock, only when that stimulus was redundant. Among the possible explanations for this behavioural difference between PU and control rats are differences in motivation, curiosity, or strength of conditioning. These possibilities are evaluated within the context of current formal theories of conditioning. PMID- 6804991 TI - The effect of arachidonic acid on the aggregability of human platelet rich plasma. AB - Addition of arachidonic acid to human platelet rich plasma caused a reversible aggregation, which was greatly decreased after aspirin ingestion. ADP induced a greater aggregation, which was only slightly decreased after aspirin ingestion. When PRP was incubated with arachidonic acid for 2 or 6 min before the addition of ADP, the ADP-induced aggregation was greatly decreased. This decrease was not changed by aspirin ingestion. The present study indicates that arachidonic acid is metabolized in human platelets not only to aggregatory compounds but also to anti-aggregatory compound(s). The formation of the latter compound is not inhibited by aspirin. PMID- 6804998 TI - [Psychopathology of epilepsy according to the WHO-classification (author's transl)]. PMID- 6804996 TI - Insensible weight loss as an indicator of metabolic rate. AB - Insensible weight loss has been used in large animals as an index of metabolic rate. By using the microprocessor controlled electronic balance to minimize the effects of movement, the feasibility of utilizing insensible weight loss as an estimate of metabolic rate in the rat is considered in terms of convenience and accuracy. Using various metabolic stimulants, a high correlation between insensible weight loss and metabolic rate was obtained. Moreover, a calculation is described that corrects for respiratory water loss and results in even higher correlations. These findings support the use of insensible weight loss as an indicator of metabolic rate in controlled situations for small animals. PMID- 6804997 TI - Flavor preferences in malnourished Mexican infants. AB - Taste and flavor preferences were evaluated in malnourished (n=113) and well nourished (n=87) Mexican infants tested between 2 and 24 months of age. Not all infants were tested in all conditions. The malnourished infants all suffered from second or third degree malnutrition (marasmus) and were tested 2-28 days after admission to a renutrition center. Well nourished control infants were tested at their own homes or neighbor's homes. In the first experiment, testing consisted of brief presentations of moderate concentrations of sucrose (sweet), NaCl (salty), citric acid (sour) and urea (bitter). Infants were allowed to ingest as much of the taste substances as they wished. Volume of taste solutions and diluent was determined and provided the data for comparison between groups. In the second experiment, responses to casein hydrolysate and monosodium glutamate solutions were studied with soup serving as the diluent. The preferences of malnourished children for NaCl, citric acid and urea were not substantially different from those of the well nourished group. In sucrose tests, malnourished infants recently admitted to the renutrition center exhibited a decreased response. Malnourished infants ingested more casein hydrolysate and soup solution than soup alone. Control infants tended to respond in the opposite direction. All infants exhibited a preference for soup with MSG relative to plain soup. PMID- 6804999 TI - Plotting n-dimensional psychiatric data in 2 dimensions using Andrews' method. AB - Andrews' method of plotting n-dimensional data in 2 dimensions allows one to summarize all the data on one patient using a single curve. Comparisons have been made between different diagnostic groups on the basis of the 12 scales from the In-patient Multidimensional Psychiatric Scale (IMPS) using data from a sample of 787 newly admitted in-patients. For each diagnostic group, a figure was produced containing the Andrews' curves from all the patients in the group. Those groups that were particularly homogeneous or heterogeneous were noted. The main features of the different groups could be discerned. PMID- 6805000 TI - The effect of digoxin on the response to lithium therapy in mania. AB - Patients suffering from manic-depressive psychosis, manic type (ICD 296.0), were treated with lithium carbonate and randomly allocated to two groups, one received digoxin and the other matching placebo for 7 days. Severity of mania was rated by psychiatrists on the Manic Rating Scale and Analogue Line on days 0 and 7 and by nurses daily on the Hargreaves Rating Scale, Psychotic Rating. Fourteen patients received digoxin and lithium carbonate and 14 patients received placebo and lithium carbonate. Improvement in the placebo lithium group was significantly greater than that in the digoxin lithium group. This trial suggests, therefore, that the effect of inhibition of membrane cation carrier is to reduce the response to lithium. This result is in keeping with our hypothesis that an increase in Na-K ATPase is essential to the therapeutic effect of lithium carbonate. It does not, however, exclude the possibility that the observations resulted from the inhibition by digoxin of lithium entry into the brain. PMID- 6805001 TI - Stereotypy in monkeys and humans. AB - Stereotyped movements are described in monkeys and humans and are classified as arising from constraint, sensory deprivation in infancy, amphetamine treatment or psychotic states. It is argued that, with the exception of cage stereotypies, stereotyped behaviour is evidence of abnormality in the nervous system consequent upon distorted maturational processes, organic defect or biochemical disturbance. Stereotypy is associated with a state of cognitive inflexibility and social and sensory isolation in humans and monkeys. It is suggested that, while no simple biochemical disturbance in the brain can describe these various occurrences of stereotypy, the cross-species occurrence of a syndrome of isolation, cognitive inflexibility and stereotypy implies a related mechanism mediating these divergent effects. If stereotypy is regarded as a consequence of failure to use sensory input to direct behaviour, therapeutic regimes designed to stimulate responsive behaviours and social interactions are more likely to be effective in the long run than direct attempts to suppress stereotypy. PMID- 6805002 TI - Pimozide in the treatment of newly admitted schizophrenic patients. AB - Pimozide, a specific dopamine blocking agent, was compared with chlorpromazine in a 4-week double-blind study of the treatment of 40 schizophrenic patients newly admitted to hospital through the emergency room. Dosage was adjusted according to therapeutic effect and during the final week ranged from 10--70 mg/day (median 30 mg/day) for pimozide and 600--1,500 mg/day (median 900 mg/day) for chlorpromazine. Pimozide was found to exert somewhat less of an overall therapeutic effect than chlorpromazine, particularly in highly agitated patients. Women responded better to either treatment than men. A weighted mean of the doses given to male and female patients during the final week suggests that in the treatment of acutely ill patients the mg dose equivalency of pimozide in terms of chlorpromazine is approximately 1:25, considerably lower than estimates from maintenance studies. Pimozide induced significantly more parkinsonian symptoms but less autonomic side effects than chlorpromazine. It is suggested that the weaker presynaptic dopamine blocking effect of pimozide might be responsible for its reduced potency in the treatment of acute schizophrenic symptoms. PMID- 6805003 TI - Training dose as a factor in LSD-saline discrimination. AB - To assess the effects of training dose on the discriminative stimulus properties of LSD, groups of rats (eight/group) were trained to discriminate each of three doses of LSD (0.02, 0.08 or 0.32 mg/kg) from saline. This was accomplished by using a method of progressively altering dose ("fading"). Dose-response tests revealed that the three LSD cues were specific to the dose used during training and that, as the training dose declined, the slope of the LSD dose-response curve became less steep. Substitution tests with direct serotonin (5-HT) agonists (quipazine, MK-212, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine) and antagonism tests with central 5-HT antagonists (methiothepin and cyproheptadine) indicated that 5-HT is involved in mediating the in vivo effects of LSD and that training dose co determines (along with the dose of the test compound) the extent of substitution or antagonism. In addition, substitution tests with the peripherally-active 5-HT agonist 5-methoxytryptamine and 5-HT antagonist xylamidine suggested that the peripheral serotonergic actions of LSD may be involved (in part) in the low dose (0.02 mg/kg) LSD cue. In contrast to 5-HT, dopamine (DA) did not appear to be involved in the discriminative stimulus properties of LSD, because no significant dose or group effects were seen during tests with the DA agonists apomorphine and d-amphetamine or the DA antagonist haloperidol. PMID- 6805005 TI - Lever press responding as a measure of ethanol preference in rats. AB - Preference for ethanol in rats, overcoming the problem of a position habit, was assessed in a one-lever and two-liquid chamber. Performance in lever pressing for ethanol of different concentrations (2.5%, 5.0%, and 15.0%) and for water, as well as the amount of liquid intake, were recorded. Evidence of ethanol preference was observed by both the lever press and consumption measures when the concentration was 2.5%. Water preference was evident at higher concentrations. The present method proved to be a useful method for studying ethanol preference in rats. PMID- 6805006 TI - Central administration of arginine vasotocin: effects on exploratory behavior in the rat. AB - Synthetic arginine vasotocin (AVT) was infused into rat brains either by intraventricular administration or by local infusion on the pineal body. Subsequently, exploratory behavior was analyzed in a hole board. The behavioral effects induced by this peptide were dependent on the time of day, i. e. the light or the dark phase. High intraventricular doses (0.4 microgram) administered during the light phase altered exploratory activity such that the number of hole visits was increased, while the duration of each visit was decreased; lower doses produced no effect. In contrast, during the dark phase peripineal infusion of AVT (10(-4) pg) attenuated the number of hole visits and increased the mean duration of the visits. The strongest effects were obtained with peripineal applications during the dark phase. This treatment also resulted in significantly lowered levels of pineal melatonin. PMID- 6805004 TI - Discriminative stimulus properties of L-5-hydroxytryptophan: behavioral evidence for multiple serotonin receptors. AB - Rats were trained to discriminate the stimulus properties of L-5 hydroxytryptophan (L-5-HTP) (30 mg/kg SC), the immediate precursor of serotonin (5-HT). The peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor R04-4602, administered prior to L 5-HTP, greatly attenuated the disruptive effects observed on responding when L-5 HTP alone was injected. Following acquisition, the discrimination was dose dependent and generalized to fenfluramine, a 5-HT-releasing drug, but not to amphetamine, a catecholamine-releasing agent. Further evidence for the involvement of 5-HT receptor stimulation in mediating the discrimination was that pretreatment with fluoxetine, a highly specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, markedly potentiated the cue. Nevertheless, the classical 5-HT antagonists methysergide, cyproheptadine, metergoline, and methiothepin did not block the L-5-HTP-related discriminative stimulus. This finding suggested that the cue properties of L-5 HTP might be mediated by a population of 5-HT receptors previously identified electrophysiologically in limbic structures. As in the present experiment, the putative 5-HT antagonists did not block the synaptic effects of 5-HT in these structures. PMID- 6805007 TI - Prolactin response following intravenous and oral sulpiride in healthy human subjects in relation to sulpiride concentrations. AB - Sulpiride (100 mg) was administered intravenously and orally to healthy human subjects. Serum concentrations of sulpiride and prolactin were followed for 36 h. Both routes of drug administration resulted in a pronounced and sustained increase in serum prolactin concentration. The prolactin response was positively correlated to the prolactin baseline value. The concentrations of prolactin remained at an elevated plateau for 9--36 h after drug treatment despite low drug concentrations. The level of this plateau was directly related to the normal circadian secretion of prolactin. The sustained prolactin elevation may be due to high affinity and strong binding of the compound to the regulating receptors or the formation of an active sulpiride metabolite. Prolactin and sulpiride concentrations were significantly correlated during the initial phase after intravenous sulpiride. Following intravenous and oral sulpiride the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for prolactin was similar despite a considerable difference in the sulpiride concentration. PMID- 6805009 TI - Behavioral effects of chronic phencyclidine administration in rats. AB - The development of tolerance to phencyclidine (PCP) was examined in rats using behavioral rating scales with simultaneous measurements of locomotor activity, stereotyped behaviors, and ataxia. Significant tolerance to the stereotyped behaviors and ataxia induced by 5 or 10 mg/kg PCP was found on day 5 of chronic drug treatment. Because ataxia interferes with PCP-induced locomotor activity (Sturgeon et al. 1979), tolerance to PCP-induced ataxia produced an increase in locomotor activity on day 5. Tolerance to the ataxia, but not to the stereotyped behaviors induced by PCP, was more prominent after day 15 of PCP administration than after day 5. Administration of PCP for 15 days resulted in significant decrease in locomotor activity for the 5 mg/kg group but not for the 10 mg/kg group. These results suggest that behavioral tolerance, rather than supersensitivity, develops after chronic PCP administration. The effects of PCP returned to baseline over a 14-day withdrawal period for rats treated with 5 mg/kg PCP for 15 days. Rats treated with 10 mg/kg PCP for 15 days still had not returned to baseline when tested 28 days after cessation of PCP treatment. PMID- 6805008 TI - A quantitative study in the rat on the relationship between imipramine levels in brain and serum. AB - Serum and brain levels of the tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine (IMI) were studied in the rat under a variety of conditions. IV doses (range 1 nmol kg-1 to 15 mumol kg-1, 350 ng--5 mg kg-1) and administered 5 min before death, were linearly correlated with IMI levels in serum, frontal cortex, and cerebellum. In this experiment, the highest levels of IMI were achieved in the frontal and occipital cortex and the lowest levels were found in the brain stem. The regional distribution was more even in rats pretreated with thiopental or gamma hydroxybutyric acid, drugs that alter cerebral blood flow. After 20 min or more, tracer amounts of IMI injected IV to IMI-pretreated rats [1 or 17 days, daily dose 2 x 36 mumol kg-1 (10 mg kg-1), last dose 89 mumol kg-1 (25 mg kg-1), 2--3 h before death] exhibited a distribution pattern in serum and various brain regions similar to that of the unlabeled drug. In the latter experiments, content (per volume) of the tracer or unlabeled IMI was more than 25-fold higher in various brain areas than in serum. It is concluded that despite large differences in drug levels in serum or brain, a close relationship is maintained under the conditions studied. PMID- 6805010 TI - Age difference in apomorphine-induced stereotypy in rats: relationship to plasma and brain concentrations. AB - Relationships between aging effects on apomorphine (AP)-induced stereotypy and AP concentrations in plasma and brain were studied in rats. In two separate behavioral studies, four groups of male Wistar rats (3, 6, 20, and 43 weeks of age) and two groups of female Wistar rats (5 and 35 weeks of age) were used, respectively: The former groups were administered 3 mg/kg AP SC and the latter 10 mg/kg AP SC. For the pharmacokinetic study, 5- and the 35-week female rats were injected with 10 mg/kg AP SC. In older rats, AP-induced stereotypy scores were less at the early stage of the observation period, and the onset of biting was slower and of longer duration. In 35-week rats, mean plasma AP concentrations were higher at 10--150 min and brain AP concentrations were lower at 5 and 10 min and higher at 30 and 90 min after injection. The longer duration of stereotypy in older rats seems to be due to the higher plasma or brain AP concentrations. The lower magnitude of stereotypy early after administration in older rats can be explained by the difference in brain AP concentrations, but cannot be fully explained by the difference in plasma levels only. It is suggested that other mechanisms, such as the decrease of dopaminergic binding sites, might also contribute to age differences in stereotypy. PMID- 6805012 TI - Differentiation of apomorphine from bromocriptine, piribidel and TRH by chronic administration in rats. PMID- 6805011 TI - A study of the role of the cholinergic system in amygdaloid kindling in rats. AB - The effect of atropine on kindling the amygdala of rats was tested by administering the drug in a dose of 25 mg/kg 1 h before each stimulus was applied. Rats tested with atropine kindled at the same rate as saline-treated controls. Cholinergic activity in the amygdala of rats was assessed, 4 weeks after the completion of kindling, by measuring both muscarinic receptor numbers and sodium-dependent high affinity choline uptake in tissue homogenates. There was no change in either of these parameters attributable to kindling. These results suggest that changes in the cholinergic system are not fundamental either to the development or the maintenance of kindling in the rat amygdala. PMID- 6805013 TI - Tryptophan tolerance and metabolism in endogenous depression. AB - The concentration of free and total tryptophan and kynurenine in plasma from 49 female depressives and 26 female controls was measured following oral loading with L-tryptophan, 100 mg/kg body weight. There was no significant difference between five depressives and six controls in the area under curve for free or total tryptophan or kynurenine in plasma. The peak concentration of kynurenine occurred 4 h after loading and in correlated significantly with the area under curve for kynurenine. There was no significant correlation between the L tryptophan dose (g) and the plasma concentration of kynurenine a 4 h in the 49 depressives or 26 controls. The mean plasma levels of tryptophan and kynurenine at 4 h in the depressives were not significantly different from control levels. There was no clear relationship between the plasma levels of tryptophan or kynurenine at 4 h and the therapeutic response in 13 depressives treated with L tryptophan for 15 days. It is concluded that the absorption, the plasma clearance, and the degradation to kynurenine of loading doses of L-tryptophan are normal in depressed patients. Results furthermore suggest that the plasma levels of tryptophan and kynurenine at 4 h are poor predictors of the response to L tryptophan treatment in depressives. PMID- 6805015 TI - Effects of chlordiazepoxide on discrimination performance. PMID- 6805017 TI - Septal lesions augment locomotor hyperactivity induced by amphetamine and not scopolamine. PMID- 6805016 TI - Amitriptyline and nortriptyline excretion in human breast milk. AB - Simultaneous blood and milk samples were obtained from a 30-year-old woman who was on sustained release amitriptyline, and the concentrations of amitriptyline and the active metabolite, nortriptyline, were estimated by GLC. Serum and milk concentrations were similar with a slight tendency for the amitriptyline concentrations to be higher in milk. Calculation of the transfer of drug from the mother to the baby showed that the baby received an amitriptyline dose which was about one hundredth the dose given to the mother. No active drug could be estimated in the baby's serum and the baby showed no clinical signs which could be drug related. PMID- 6805014 TI - Repeated administration of subconvulsant doses of GABA antagonist drugs. II. Effect on monoamine-mediated behaviour. AB - The effect on monoamine-medical behaviour of repeated daily subconvulsive doses of the GABA antagonist drugs pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) (30 mg/kg for 8 days), picrotoxin (5 mg/kg for 4 days) and bicuculline (3.5 mg/kg for 16 days) was investigated. None of the drugs, administered chronically, increased behavioural responses to the 5-hydroxytryptamine agonist quipazine (25 mg/kg), and neither picrotoxin nor bicuculline altered the locomotor response to the dopamine agonist apomorphine (AP) (0.1 mg/kg). By contrast, repeated doses of PTZ increased the locomotor response to AP, and also increased circling responses to both AP (0.5 mg/kg) and methamphetamine (2.0 mg/kg) in unilateral nigrostriatal-lesioned rats. PMID- 6805018 TI - The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks on growth hormone secretion and growth hormone responses to clonidine in the intact rat. AB - The effect of repeated electroconvulsive shocks (ECS) on growth hormone (GH) secretion was studied in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley animals were given one ECS daily for 10 days under halothane anaesthesia. Control animals were anaesthetised only. GH secretion was studied 24 h after the last ECS or sham procedure. Background GH secretion was significantly greater in ECS-treated than in sham treated animals (P less than 0.001). The GH response to IV clonidine (0.01--0.1 mg/kg) did not differ between the two groups. The size of the GH response was not directly related to the basal GH secretion and could not be explained in terms of it. PMID- 6805019 TI - Sedative-hypnotics and human performance. AB - In 52 studies, performance data were obtained the next day following bedtime ingestion of a sedative-hypnotic or a placebo. Only eight of these studies used insomniac patients. Most studies used young adult males. Benzodiazepine hypnotics were most frequently administered and psychomotor performance was most often measured. Little consistent data are available on cognitive functioning and more complex behavior. Drug-related improvement in performance was not found, and, in comparing active drug to placebo, it is clear that all hypnotics, at some doses, produce decrements in performance the next day. Higher doses consistently showed a decrement, and this decrement was usually persistent over the entire day. Although long-acting drugs generally showed more performance decrement, half-life data were not consistent. PMID- 6805020 TI - Behavioural and biochemical effects of tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine in mice. AB - Behaviour was observed in mice given L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine and then placed either in an open field or in water in a narrow cylinder. Animals placed in water (swim test) soon assume a characteristic immobile posture. Most antidepressants, including pharmacologically atypical ones, decrease immobility in the swim test while many decrease or do not affect activity in the open field test. Tryptophan increased immobility in the swim test, but did not affect open field activity and thus did not exhibit the normal profile of activity for an antidepressant. Tyrosine decreased immobility in the swim test and markedly increased activity in the open field test, an action similar to the psychostimulants amphetamine and caffeine. Phenylalanine decreased immobility in the swim test, but did not affect open field activity. Thus, its behavioural effects are similar to those of an antidepressant. As expected, tryptophan increased brain tryptophan and serotonin in a dose-related fashion. Tyrosine did not alter dopamine or noradrenaline levels, while phenylalanine lowered dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin. These biochemical data do not fully explain the behavioural results. PMID- 6805021 TI - Interactions of a neuroleptic drug (fluphenazine) with catecholamines in hippocampus. AB - The interactions of fluphenazine with the electrophysiological responses to catecholamines were studied in the rat hippocampus and parietal cortex. In the in vitro hippocampal slice, changes in synaptically evoked responses induced by norepinephrine, isoproterenol and dopamine were not altered by superfusion of fluphenazine. Both alpha- and beta- components of adrenergic responses were unaffected by neuroleptic administration in this preparation. Similarly, alterations in the spontaneous firing of single hippocampal pyramidal neurons in situ to adrenergic agonists or dopamine were not affected by local fluphenazine and administration using pressure ejection through multibarreled micropipettes. In contrast, norepinephrine- or isoproterenol-induced inhibitions of parietal cortical neurons in situ were potently antagonized by fluphenazine. A similar interaction was observed from a hippocampal basket neuron. It is concluded that while fluphenazine can antagonize well-defined noradrenergic effects in some brain regions (e. g., cerebellum, cortex), this property is not generalized to all brain regions receiving noradrenergic input. PMID- 6805022 TI - Psilocybin as a discriminative stimulus: lack of specificity in an animal behavior model for 'hallucinogens'. AB - Fifteen rats were trained to discriminate between the tryptamine hallucinogen psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; 1.0 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever choice task. Dose-response and time-response curves were obtained. The psilocybin cue generalized to psilocin (the dephosphorylated congener of psilocybin) and to the prototypical indoleamine hallucinogen LSD, but not to the phenylethylamine hallucinogen mescaline. These results indicate that the hallucinogenic effects of these drugs in humans may not be identical with their discriminative stimulus functions in animals, and that these four compounds may not be members of a single drug class. The term 'hallucinogen' may thus be a misnomer in the context of drug discrimination studies in nonhumans. PMID- 6805023 TI - Lithium in combination with haloperidol or thyrotropin-releasing hormone induces jumping in mice. AB - Lithium (250 mg/kg IP) administered in combination with haloperidol (2-5 mg/kg IP) or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (10 or 20 mg/kg, IP) evoked jumping in mice. Jumping elicited by lithium (250 mg/kg) plus haloperidol (4 mg/kg) or TRH (20 mg/kg) was decreased by physostigmine (0.2 mg/kg IP) and phentolamine (10 mg/kg IP), but was increased by atropine (5 mg/kg IP) and clonidine (0.5 mg/kg IP). While the jumping was not affected by either methylatropine (5 mg/kg IP) or propranolol (10 mg/kg IP). Jumping was also induced by haloperidol (4 mg/kg IP), but not by lithium (250 mg/kg IP), administered after atropine (5 mg/kg IP) or clonidine (0.5 mg/kg IP). The results indicate that lithium plus haloperidol or TRH produces jumping in which dopaminergic and cholinergic inhibition as well as noradrenergic activation may be involved. PMID- 6805025 TI - The role of fentanyl training dose and of the alternative stimulus condition in drug generalization. AB - Different groups of rats were trained to discriminate fentanyl (F) (0.03, 0.02, or 0.01 mg/kg) from saline or to discriminate 0.03 mg/kg fentanyl (F) from alternative stimulus conditions (saline, 0.15 mg/kg nicotine, or 0.01 mg/kg F). When percentage of responses on the drug lever and percentage of time spent responding on the drug lever were used as dependent variables, it was found that training dose and alternative stimulus condition both affected the ED50 and the slope of the F generalization gradient. ED50 and slope values based on group data were not significantly different from values based on individual data. Differences between from values based on individual data. Differences between the results of the first and second 2.5-min period of the extinction test were not significant. ED50 and slope values were unaffected by the preceding training session, except in the group trained to discriminate 0.03 from 0.01 mg/kg F. A lever selection measure showed a significant effect of alternative stimulus condition on ED50 values only. Training dose and alternative stimulus condition also affected the generalization to morphine. Under none of the conditions explored in this study did generalization occur to amphetamine or nicotine. The results are discussed in terms of the relative nature of drug generalization. PMID- 6805024 TI - Smoke yield of cigarettes and puffing behavior in men and women. AB - Puffing behavior (number of puffs, puff interval, puff duration, peak pressure, latency to peak pressure, average and total puff volume) was measured in 67 dependent male and 43 dependent female smokers when they smoked two cigarettes of their habitual brand under laboratory conditions. Test-retest reliability for the two cigarettes was high, and factor analysis showed that puff shape, puff volume, and puff frequency accounted for about 50% of variation obtained with the different puffing variables. Expiratory tidal CO levels increased with the number of cigarettes smoked before the tests and with the intensity of the smoking habit, but pre- to postsmoking delta tidal CO differences were similar for smokers of all types of cigarettes (0.1 - 1.7 mg standard machine smoking nicotine yield). Volume compensation for differences of smoke yield of the cigarettes was generally more pronounced in women than in men and, additionally, it was more pronounced for cigarettes with standard smoke nicotine yield below 0.9 mg than for cigarettes with standard smoke nicotine yield above 0.9 mg for both sexes. Only for women, partial correlation procedures suggested that nicotine might be more important in determining puffing behavior than CO and condensate yield, but there were also no women smoking the strongest cigarettes (1.3 - 1.7 mg nicotine yield). For both sexes, no compensation by adjusting the number of cigarettes smoked daily was obtained. Personality ratings, pulmonary functions, and cardiovascular functions were not, or only inconsistently, correlated with puffing behavior or type of cigarette. PMID- 6805026 TI - 6-(3-chloro)-phenoxy-2-methyl-1-oxa-4-azospiro-[4,5]decane-3-one (CERM 3726) and sleep of healthy men. AB - Immediate effects on sleep of 100, 200 and 300 mg 6-(3-chloro)-phenoxy-2-methyl-1 oxa-4-azospiro-[4,5]decane-3-one (CERM 3726) were studied in six healthy males. There was some sleep disturbance in two subjects with 100 and 200 mg, but only with 300 mg was there unequivocal evidence of reduced total sleep time and stage 2 sleep, together with a trend toward reduced rapid eye movement sleep. Arousal, at least as indicated by sleep studies, may be associated with the reported effect of the drug to oppose the deterioration in performance of tests of prolonged duration. PMID- 6805027 TI - Effects of chronic nicotine administration on the response and adaptation to stress. AB - The effects of chronic nicotine administration (0.4 mg/kg for 40 days) and its withdrawal on the adrenocortical response to acute and repeated exposure to stress have been examined and related to changes in brain 5-hydroxyindole levels. No significant effects on the response to acute stress were observed. Repeated exposure to the stressful procedure resulted in complete adaptation of the adrenocortical response and the development of a significant (P less than 0.01) positive correlation between the plasma corticosterone and hippocampal 5-HT concentrations. In nicotine-treated rats, complete adaptation did not occur and the plasma corticosterone showed a significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlation with hippocampal 5-HT. Nicotine withdrawal was not associated with any reduction in plasma corticosterone, but did abolish its relationship with hippocampal 5-HT. PMID- 6805028 TI - Discriminative stimulus effects of pentobarbital in rhesus monkeys: tests of stimulus generalization and duration of action. AB - Rhesus monkeys were trained to emit 20 or 30 consecutive responses on one lever following an IM injection of pentobarbital (10 or 18 mg/kg) and the same number of consecutive responses on another lever following an injection of saline. The required number of correct consecutive responses in both cases resulted in food delivery. When responding was reliably under the control of the presession injection, the ability of a variety of other compounds to produce pentobarbital appropriate responding was examined. Diazepam, clobazam, methohexital, pentobarbital, and phenobarbital, given 10 or 20 min before the session, produced dose-related pentobarbital-appropriate responding in each monkey. Ethylketazocine and dextromethorphan produced responding primarily on the saline-appropriate lever, whereas codeine, cyclazocine, dextrorphan, and ketamine resulted in responding that was, on the average, intermediate between that appropriate for pentobarbital and that appropriate for saline. When tested at various times after their injection, methohexital (3.2 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (10 mg/kg) produced pentobarbital-appropriate responding within 10 min. Barbital (56 mg/kg) resulted in pentobarbital-appropriate responding only if at least 1 h intervened between the injection and the experimental session. The discriminative effects of methohexital, pentobarbital, and barbital lasted approximately 20-60, 120-240, and 480-720 min, respectively. The time-course of the discriminative stimulus effects of barbiturates in the rhesus monkey appears to parallel closely other pharmacological actions of these compounds. PMID- 6805030 TI - Differences in the effects of d-fenfluramine and morphine on various responses of rats to painful stimuli. AB - The effects of d-fenfluramine and morphine on various nociceptive responses of rats were investigated. Unlike morphine, which inhibited all the responses examined, d-fenfluramine inhibited jumping and paw licking of rats on a hot plate, but did not increase the latency of tail withdrawal from hot water. The effects of d-fenfluramine on both responses on the hot plate were prevented by pretreatment with metergoline, a serotonin antagonist, whereas this pretreatment only reduced the effect of morphine on paw licking. The inhibition of tail withdrawal by morphine was also significantly reduced by metergoline treatment. The results confirm previous findings suggesting a role of serotonin in the mechanism by which morphine inhibits some nociceptive responses in rats. They also show that d-fenfluramine, a selective releaser and uptake inhibitor of serotonin at nerve endings, does not completely reproduce the antinociceptive effects of morphine in this species. PMID- 6805031 TI - Naloxone has no effect on ethanol-induced impairment of psychomotor performance in man. AB - In a study designed to investigate the effect of naloxone on ethanol-induced performance deficits in man, ethanol (0.75 g/kg) and naloxone (0.4 mg) or saline were administered to 39 volunteers in a double-blind fashion. Psychomotor performance was assessed on a battery of tests (standing steadiness, pursuit rotor, simple and complex reaction times, a speeded number test and the Vienna Determination Apparatus) and blood and breath ethanol concentrations were monitored. Two experiments were performed: in Experiment 1 ethanol was given before naloxone and in Experiment 2 naloxone was administered before ethanol. There were no significant differences in either blood or breath ethanol concentrations at any time between the ethanol + naloxone and ethanol + saline groups in either Experiment 1 or 2. Although ethanol produced a significant decrement on most of the performance measures, naloxone was without effect. There was no suggestion of ethanol impairment being moderated by naloxone, whether it was given before or after ethanol. PMID- 6805032 TI - The timing and possible mechanisms of cervical opening in the oestrous rat. AB - The time that the retention of luminal fluid begins and its release from the uterus in pro-oestrous rats was determined precisely using a dye injection technique. Oestradiol was found to cause dye retention in ovariectomized rats when provided continuously from an implant of 5 mg. Injections of 0.5 microgram/d X 4 were ineffective. Administration or progesterone to rats bearing implants of oestrogen interfered with the ability of the uterus to retain dye. Treatment with relaxin for 28 h prevented retention of eye in pro-oestrous rats whereas treatment at the time of dye injection was without effect. Mechanical stimulation of the cervix did not cause loss of injected dye. It is suggested that the mechanisms of opening of the cervix at coitus and at the end of oestrous may differ. PMID- 6805029 TI - Behavioral and biochemical aspects of neuroleptic-induced dopaminergic supersensitivity: studies with chronic clozapine and haloperidol. AB - Rats were chronically injected with saline, clozapine, or haloperidol and tested for alterations in dopamine (DA)-mediated behavior, DA receptor binding, and both acetylcholine (ACH) concentration and choline acetylase activity. Behaviorally, chronic haloperidol significantly enhanced apomorphine-induced chewing and sniffing stereotypies, associated with DA nigrostriatal activation, while clozapine selectively enhanced apomorphine locomotor activity and cage-floor crossing, behavior associated with DA mesolimbic activation. Biochemically, chronic haloperidol significantly enhanced 3H-spiroperidol binding in striatum and in mesolimbic loci (nucleus accumbens/olfactory tubercle) while chronic clozapine failed to produce such enhancement. Acute haloperidol induced an initial decrease in striatal ACH concentration followed by a return of ACH to normal levels within 1 week. There was no change in choline acetylase activity during the same time interval. These findings suggest that haloperidol may inhibit DA mechanisms in both the nigrostriatal may inhibit DA mechanisms in both the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems, but that the effect of clozapine on DA mechanisms may be specific to mesolimbic rather than striatal structures. At the same time, the lack of effect of clozapine on 3H-spiroperidol binding may indicate that behaviorally important changes in DA sensitivity can develop independent of changes in post-synaptic DA receptors. The pattern of cholinergic changes with chronic haloperidol suggests that the increase in striatal DA receptor number seen with chronic treatment re-establishes DA inhibition of cholinergic firing within the striatum. PMID- 6805033 TI - A newly recognized syndrome of connective tissue dysplasia in siblings (previously described as a variant of Morquio disease). AB - Siblings (one male and one female) with a striking combination of multiple skeletal abnormalities, hypermobility in some joints with a restricted range of movements in others, mesodermal dysgenesis of the iris and cutaneous atrophy with thin skin, multiple telangiectases, shallow ulcers, and cafe au lait lesions are described. The patients were reported in early childhood as cases of Morquio disease (mucopolysaccharidosis IV) with previously unrecognized skin changes. The results of specific enzyme assays exclude a diagnosis of both of the known biochemical types of Morquio disease; the evolution of their disease and the present clinical findings are in accord with this. These patients do not correspond to any of the other mucopolysaccharidoses, mucolipidoses or sphingolipidoses. We have been unable to classify them as examples of other inherited skeletal dysplasias and we suggest that they probably have an, as yet unidentified, recessively inherited disorder of collagen. PMID- 6805034 TI - Survival of oxygenated and hypoxic tumor cells in the extended-peak regions of heavy charged-particle beams. PMID- 6805035 TI - The effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the radiation sensitivity of bacterial spores. PMID- 6805036 TI - Assessment of a multi-dose carbonated barium dispenser for double-contrast meals. PMID- 6805038 TI - Arachnoid response to contrast media: a comparison of iophendylate and metrizamide in experimental animals. AB - Arachnoiditis resulting from administration of intrathecal iophendylate (Pantopaque) was compared with that from metrizamide (Amipaque) in 16 monkeys. Four animals initially underwent metrizamide myelography, eight underwent iophendylate myelography, and four control animals received only cerebrospinal fluid. Twelve weeks later, all 16 animals underwent metrizamide myelography and then histologic studies. Animals receiving iophendylate for the first myelogram differed significantly from the other two groups on inflammation, fibrosis, and myelographic evidence of arachnoiditis. The arachnoiditis produced by iophendylate was more severe than that produced by metrizamide; the iophendylate also produced a more cellular reaction that was qualitatively different from the reaction to metrizamide. This more severe reaction to iophendylate has clinical implications for patients undergoing myelography if the contrast medium is not completely removed from the system after myelography. PMID- 6805037 TI - Radiographic and computed tomographic demonstration of pseudotumor cerebri due to rapid weight gain in a child with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma. PMID- 6805041 TI - Increased pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability due to arachidonate metabolism in isolated rabbit lungs. AB - Liberation and metabolism of arachidonic acid may be the common final pathway of different stimuli on the pulmonary vascular bed. In a model of isolated, ventilated rabbit lungs, perfused with Krebs Henseleit albumin buffer in a recirculating system, changes of pulmonary vascular resistance and of vascular permeability are monitored continuously. The addition of free arachidonic acid or of the Ca-ionophore A 23187 to the perfusion fluid consistently evokes a biphasic increase in vascular resistance as well as an initially reversible increase in vascular permeability, followed by pulmonary edema. Both phases of increased vascular resistance are completely suppressed by inhibition of the cyclooxygenase, decreased to a large degree by inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase, and markedly augmented by short preincubation of arachidonic acid with ram seminal vesicular microsomes and by sulfhydryl reagents. The increased pulmonary vascular permeability is augmented by inhibition of cyclooxygenase and reduced by simultaneous lipoxygenase inhibition. Antagonists of histamine, serotonin and sympathic or parasympathic activity do not have any influence. PG F2alpha., TxB2, PG E2 and PG I2 alter the pulmonary vascular resistance, but do not increase vascular permeability. In conclusion, increased availability of free arachidonic acid evokes a rise in pulmonary vascular resistance, which can be ascribed to cyclooxygenase products, especially to thromboxane, and causes a rise in vascular permeability which can be ascribed to lipoxygenase products. The findings may be related to acute pulmonary lesions with increase in vascular resistance and with vascular leakage. PMID- 6805040 TI - [Photorespiration and glycolate metabolism in algae and euglenoid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805039 TI - Alterations in vasomotor tone in congestive heart failure. PMID- 6805042 TI - Influence of tocopherol, its chromane compound, phytyl chains and superoxide dismutase on increased vascular resistance and permeability due to arachidonate metabolism in isolated rabbit lung. AB - In the model of isolated, ventilated rabbit lungs, perfused with isoionic and isooncotic fluid, the addition of arachidonic acid to the perfusion fluid or the liberation of arachidonic acid by the Ca-ionophore A 23187 result in an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability. The former can be ascribed to cyclooxygenase products, the latter to lipoxygenase products of arachidonic acid. The effect of alpha-tocopherol, its chromane compound, alpha-tocopherolquinone, phytol, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, 2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability was investigated. A membrane effect of the phytyl side chain and an antioxidative effect of the chromane compound can be distinguished: phytol increase the arachidonate-induced rise of pulmonary vascular resistance and permeability, whereas the chromane compound decreases both to a large degree. Methyl-phytyl-naphthoquinone and methyl-naphthoquinone gave equivalent results. SOD decreases the enhanced vascular resistance and the vascular leakage. The possibility of antioxidative therapy in acute pulmonary lesions with vascular leakage and increased vascular resistance is discussed. PMID- 6805043 TI - Immunohistochemical localisation of cyclooxygenase in the human uterus. AB - The distribution in the human uterus of the enzyme cyclooxygenase,, involved in prostaglandin synthesis, was studied using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical technique. Specific staining was observe only during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle It was found that cyclooxygenase was localised in the surface and glandular epithelium of the endometrium but could not be demonstrated in the endometrial stroma, myometrium or blood vessels The location of specific staining for cyclooxygenase and its variation during the menstrual cycle was the same regardless of the amount of menstrual blood loss. Tissue samples obtained from early pregnant and postmenopausal patients failed to exhibit any specific staining. PMID- 6805045 TI - Mechanism of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone degradation by subcellular fractions of rat hypothalamus and pituitary. AB - The pathway of LH-RH degradation by two subcellular fractions (a soluble fraction and a 25 000 X g particulate fraction) of rat hypothalamus, pituitary and cerebral cortex has been studied using high performance liquid chromatography and amino acid analysis to identify the breakdown products. The primary cleavage point in the Tyr5-Gly6 bond giving [1-5] LH-RH and [6-10] LH-RH. In the presence of dithiothreitol, cleavage of LH-RH also occurred at the Pro9-Gly10 bond giving [1-9] LH-RH. The fragment [1-5] LH-RH is further degraded sequentially from the C terminus and [1-4] LH-RH, [1-3] LH-RH, tyrosine and tryptophan were identified. The other major fragment, [6-10] LH-RH, is rapidly broken down, the only intermediate product positively identified being Arg-Pro. PMID- 6805044 TI - Neuropharmacological evaluation of RX 77368--a stabilised analogue of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). AB - L-Pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-2,3-dimethylprolineamide (Pyr-His-Dmp . NH2; RX 77368) a stabilised analogue of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been examined for neuropharmacological effects in animal tests. The compound was more potent than either TRH or clinically established drugs in four animal tests of antidepressant potential (reserpine reversal, clonidine antagonism, tremorine reversal and learned immobility). RX 77368 also antagonised barbiturate sleeping time. Given by itself to rats the peptide produced arousal as characterised by EEG and EMG measurements and delayed the onset of sleep. The arousal induced was not accompanied by increases in locomotor activity. The profile of pharmacological activity for RX 77368 did not correspond to the profiles of tricyclic antidepressants, psychic-stimulants or analeptic drugs. The possible clinical uses for such a molecule are discussed. PMID- 6805046 TI - [Post-transfusion Chagas' disease]. PMID- 6805047 TI - [Ecological and nosological study of tick-borne arboviruses in Senegal. II. Experimental study of the pathogenicity of the Bhanja virus in small domestic ruminants]. PMID- 6805049 TI - [Bovine pericardium - a new graft material for hernial repair (author's transl)]. AB - We compared glutaraldehyde-fixed bovine pericardium with conventional Mersilene mesh with regard to suitability for repair of large incisional hernias in canine experiments. To test the materials the force needed to rupture them and the percentage of stretching to the breaking point were determined both in vitro and after implantation. The results showed that bovine pericardium is a suitable material for repair of large incisional hernias. Pericardium is superior to Mersilene mesh because of its minimal formation of adhesions with the underlaying bowel. PMID- 6805048 TI - Aflatoxin M1: in vitro preparation and comparative in vitro metabolism versus aflatoxin B1 in the rat and mouse. AB - A rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive biotransformation method using microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene (3MCA) pretreated rats is described for the production of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is sufficient quantities for metabolism studies. A comparison is made of the metabolism of AFM1 and AFB1 by the postmitochondrial (S-10) fraction from mouse and rat hepatocytes. AFM1, in both species, is metabolized more slowly than AFB1, with its major metabolites being found in the aqueous fraction and very little associated with S-10 protein. In contrast, AFB1 is metabolized to numerous chloroform-extractable, protein bound and water-soluble metabolites. The toxicological implications of reduced protein binding and slower metabolism for AFM1 are discussed. PMID- 6805050 TI - The influence of protein deprivation during development on amino acid incorporation into cerebral proteins. AB - The incorporation of 3H-valine into protein of cerebrum, liver, and muscle was studied in rats fed a low protein diet. Animals, 15-50 days old, were used to cover the period during and after the most rapid phase of cerebral protein synthesis. The precursor was administered in doses resulting in brain concentrations of free valine in the 0.1-0.3 mM range. Two series of experiments were run and the injected dose varied for comparison of protein synthesis at different concentrations of precursor valine. By concomitant amino-acid analysis it was shown that the concentration of other amino-acids in the brain was not changed by the injected valine. The changes in the amino-acid pool with age in control rats were in agreement with previous findings. Only small alterations were seen in the amino acid pool as an effect of protein deprivation, the results being consistent with those of some previous reports. Uptake of valine into the brain appeared to be decreased only in 15-17-day-old protein-deprived rats. Valine incorporation into cerebral protein was decreased in the youngest age group but no effect was seen in older animals. Liver protein incorporation was slightly decreased by low protein diet but a marked reduction was observed for muscle protein. The changes in brain protein synthesis during normal development were in agreement with previous studies and differed qualitatively from those in liver and muscle. PMID- 6805051 TI - Experimental comparative study on morphological effects of different lasers on the liver. AB - Three types of laser radiation were compared as to their capabilities in hepatic surgery using 17 New Zealand rabbits. In four animals, subtotal scalpel lobectomy was performed, the hepatic pedicle being clamped. Hemostasis is obtained by means of argon or Nd YAG laser as long as the internal diameter of the vessels encountered is less than 4.5 mm. Nd YAG laser requires a power output four times higher than argon laser to obtain hemostasis. In six animals limited resection was performed by means of Nd YAG and CO2 lasers. CO2 radiation supplied insufficient hemostasis whenever the vessel diameter was more than 1 mm despite an excellent cutting power. Nd YAG radiation created an important necrosis zone due to thermal diffusion. In seven animals various focal hepatic lesions produced by the three types of laser were compared. Argon laser induced superficial and regularly round lesion, Nd YAG laser deeper, cauliflower-like lesions with thermal diffusion following especially vessels. Veins presented thrombosis of their blood content and coagulation necrosis of their wall. The amount of glycogenic granulation decreased. The CO2 laser induced very sharp punctual lesion without necrosis. Electron-microscopic sections revealed faint shadowy liver cells closet to the thermal source and bubbled mitochondria containing disrupted critea around the lesion. In later lesions Nd YAG laser produced more extensive fibrosis than argon or CO2 laser. After first clinical trials we believe that laser irradiation is actually an adjuvant safety factor in current hepatic surgery, whereas the Nd YAG laser could be of real interest in metastatic carcinoma destruction in liver. PMID- 6805052 TI - The inhibition of cancer cell stickiness, a model for investigation of platelet aggregation inhibitors in vivo. Effect of the sulfonyl urea derivatives, glibenclamide, gliclazide, and HB180, as well as the carboxylic acid derivative, meglitinide. AB - Employing the test model which we developed for the investigation of platelet adhesiveness and aggregation in vivo, experiments demonstrated that the sulfonyl urea derivatives, glibenclamide, gliclazide, and HB 180, as well as the carboxylic acid derivative, meglitinide, are able to inhibit, in a dose-dependent relationship, the adherence of i.v. injected Walker-256-carcinosarcoma cells to the vascular endothelium of the rat mesentery, as well as to reduce significantly the rate of instantly occurring terminal tumor cell embolism of the lung. Since venous blood platelet count in surviving animals is inversely proportional to the number of the tumor cells which adhere to the vascular endothelium, one can deduce that tumor cell embolism is an immediate result of a massively occurring disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) which may be induced by i.v. injection of thromboplastic active carcinosarcoma cells and leads primarily to a drastic platelet count reduction. All four substances inhibit this platelet count reduction as well as the directly correlated tumor cell embolism mortality rate in a linear dose-dependent fashion. Their action can therefore be explained as being mediated via an inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation to the circulating tumor cells. Our proof of platelet aggregation in vivo correlates with the results obtained by Klaff et al. (1979), as far as a normalization of the pathologically increased platelet aggregation tendency in vitro in diabetics following 4-6 weeks of therapy with the sulfonyl urea derivatives glibenclamide and gliclazide. PMID- 6805053 TI - Measurement of fetal tissue protein synthetic rate in the lamb in utero. AB - The fractional synthesis rate of the mixed proteins in the organs of fetal lambs at 123 to 130 days' gestation were calculated from measurements of the rate of uptake of L14Clysine by the protein in the steady state in utero. The fractional synthesis rates were 82, 121 and 99 per cent per day for the brain, liver and cardiac muscle respectively; the average values of 40 per cent for skeletal muscle was significantly smaller than for the other tissues. The fetal fractional protein synthetic rates measured were similar to those of the newborn lamb, but faster than in the adult sheep by a factor of 10. Similar differences in synthesis rates have been observed between the young and adult rat and the possible reasons for the change in fractional rate during growth are discussed. PMID- 6805054 TI - Persistence of Brucella abortus strain 19 infection in adult cattle vaccinated with reduced doses. AB - Brucella abortus strain 19 was recovered at necropsy from cows vaccinated with reduced doses of strain 19, three to six months previously. Strain 19 was isolated from four of nine cows vaccinated with 5.8 x 10(9) viable cells during pregnancy. In two of these nine cows vaccination had led to colonisation of the uterus with erythritol-utilising mutants of strain 19 and consequent abortion or premature calving. In one of another group of nine pregnant vaccinated with 2.8 x 10(8) viable cells, the vaccine strain was recovered from the colostrum. There was no interference with the course of pregnancy in over 700 cattle vaccinated with 3 x 10(8) viable cells. Thirteen of these cows, serologically positive approximately three months after vaccination, were necropsied and strain 19 was isolated from six. This lower dose has already been shown to produce immunity equal to that of higher doses and is recommended as suitable for whole herd vaccination. PMID- 6805055 TI - Endocrine and ovarian changes in dairy cattle fed a low beta-carotene diet during an oestrus synchronisation regime. AB - Twelve Friesian cows, 76 to 110 days calved, with blood cell counts and Compton metabolic profile values in the normal range throughout, were housed and fed a marginal diet for varying periods before being injected twice, 11 days apart, with cloprostenol. Artificial insemination was carried out 72 and 96 hours after the second injection. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol 17 beta, luteinising hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, and beta-carotene were monitored during this regime as were uterine and ovarian changes. Progesterone profiles were followed for a further 21 days by assay of milk samples. Subsequent rectal examinations showed that five of the 12 cows conceived at controlled oestrus and another four within 52 days of this time. No correlation was observed between time of conception and condition score, metabolic profiles or haematological parameters; there was a correlation between time of conception and plasma beta-carotene concentrations and cows with lower beta-carotene values showed cyclic irregularities or appeared to have depressed steroid hormone production. PMID- 6805056 TI - Physiological effects of thiopentone, ketamine and CT 1341 in cats. PMID- 6805057 TI - A possible role of Cu2+ ions in bovine antibody-antigen interactions. AB - A preparation of purified bovine IgG1 was found to contain 0.5 moles of Cu2+ ions per mole of protein. Scatchard analysis of the binding of Cu2+ ions to bovine IgG1 indicated the presence of 4 +/- 1 binding sites with an affinity of 2 x 10(5) M-1. Calculations indicate that in bovine plasma, IgG1 will not compete significantly with albumin for Cu2, whereas a proportion of Cu2+ may well be bound to IgG1 in colostrum. Physiological levels of Cu2+ were found to enhance the interaction between IgG1 antibody and Brucella abortus in the presence of albumin. Irrespective of whether IgG1 binds Cu2+ in vivo, it is possible that Cu2+ can influence the results of serological tests. PMID- 6805060 TI - [Effect of nitroglycerin on regional myocardial blood flow abnormality induced by atrial pacing; a clinical study in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805059 TI - [Pathologic physiology of respiratory failure--respiratory chemosensitivity and tissue oxygenation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805061 TI - [The treatment of epitheliomas of the vocal cord]. PMID- 6805062 TI - [Lack of diagnostic value of pharmacodynamic tests in the differential diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805058 TI - Differential effect of acid meals on abomasal emptying and secretion in the milk fed calf. AB - Preruminant (milk-fed) calves were prepared with an abomasal and re-entrant duodenal cannulae to assess the effect of acid test meals on abomasal emptying and secretion. Isotonic saline meals acidified with hydrochloric acid to pH 2 instilled directly into the abomasum did not affect abomasal emptying or acid and pepsin secretion when compared with saline meals at pH 6. Isotonic saline meals at pH 1.2 significantly inhibited abomasal acid secretion, but had little effect on emptying or pepsinogen secretion. Abomasal emptying, acid secretion and pepsinogen secretion were significantly inhibited when acid was introduced into the duodenum, irrespective of the acidity of the test meal. It is concluded that in the calf acid meals inhibit gastric acid secretion alone without effect on pepsinogen secretion and abomasal emptying. All three abomasal functions, however, were inhibited by acidification of the duodenum. PMID- 6805063 TI - [General arterial hypertension of psychosomatic nature]. PMID- 6805065 TI - The antibacterial action of vancomycin. AB - Vancomycin inhibits the second stage of cell wall synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Furthermore, there is evidence that vancomycin also alters the permeability of the cell membrane and selectively inhibits ribonucleic acid synthesis. Stable L-phase variants are susceptible to vancomycin, but induction of bacterial L-phase variants with vancomycin is very difficult. Vancomycin is active against a large number of species of gram-positive cocci and bacilli, such as Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin-resistant strains), Staphylococcus epidermidis (including multiply resistant strains). Streptococcus pneumoniae (including multiply resistant strains), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus bovis, viridans group Streptococcus, enterococcus, Clostridium species, diphtheroids, Listeria monocytogenes, Actinomyces species, and Lactobacillus species. Antimicrobial activity can be enhanced with the combination of vancomycin and an aminoglycoside against S. aureus, S. bovis, enterococcus, and viridans Streptococcus. The combination of vancomycin and rifampin also has enhanced activity against S. aureus. PMID- 6805066 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis in cancer patients: regimens of oral, nonabsorbable antibiotics for prevention of infection during induction of remission. AB - The high frequency of complications caused by infections during therapy of malignant diseases has led to the development of prophylactic programs. The most effective prophylaxis has included the use of protected environments and antibiotic regimens (PEPA). Most oral prophylactic regimens include vancomycin to provide coverage against aerobic, gram-positive cocci and some anaerobes. Regimens of nonabsorbable antibiotics are effective in eliminating the vast majority of bacteria from the stool, but the antifungal agents are less effective. However, once the antibiotic regimen is discontinued, organisms previously cultured will reappear. Several prospective, randomized studies have been conducted of patients with acute leukemia who are undergoing chemotherapy administered to induce remission. The frequency of complications caused by infection has been significantly lower for patients in the PEPA program than for controls. A recent study of patients with lymphoma has shown that patients in the PEPA program can tolerate higher doses of chemotherapy than can control patients and that they have lower frequency of complications caused by infection. PMID- 6805064 TI - The role of cell-mediated immunity in bacterial infections. PMID- 6805068 TI - Fact and speculation on the function of immune response genes in antigen presentation. AB - Immune responsiveness of guinea pigs to dinitrophenyl-poly-L-lysine and to the lysine rich random co-polymer of L-glutamic acid and L-lysine are both controlled by a single gene, the 'poly-L-lysine gene'. This paper reviews recent experiments which demonstrate that these two antigens specifically compete with one another for being presented to T cells by the same antigen-presenting cells. This finding is interpreted to mean that antigens to which responsiveness is controlled by the same single gene compete for the Ir gene product of antigen-presenting cells. The review discusses if the products of the immune response genes-presumable the Ia antigens-may constitute a third specific antigen recognition system. It further speculates if this idea may help to provide insight into the phenomenon of histocompatibility-restriction and into the nature of the mixed leucocyte reaction. PMID- 6805067 TI - [Resistance of bacteria to various disinfectants. II. Chloramine and iodophor preparations]. PMID- 6805070 TI - The mechanism of graft rejection and the concept of antigenic strength. PMID- 6805069 TI - The 5936 Ig-idiotype(s): genetic linkage to Ig-Ch Loci, T-cell dependence of synthesis and possible specificities. AB - 5936-idiotype(s) are defined by a rabbit antiserum which was obtained by immunizing a mouse-immunoglobulin(MIg)-tolerant rabbit 5936 with B6 anti-CBA Ig from a single B6 mouse. These idiotypes were found on IgG1 molecules in sera from B6 mice immunized with cells carrying the IAk alloantigen, and they were associated with B6 Ig allotypes (Igh-1b). The particular interest of this idiotypic system is that antiserum 5936 also detects idiotypes (Id) on B6-T cells immunized in vitro with IAk alloantigen, and such T-cell Id were found to be associated with Ig allotypes. We attempted to show that the 5936-Id on Ig molecules were linked to Igh-1b allotypes by backcross analysis. In addition, it was investigated whether the 5936-Id response was a T-cell dependent response, and, if so whether there was any restriction in this T-B cell collaboration. Finally, we continued our studies on the specificity of 5936-Id+ Ig molecules. The present experiments show that 5936-Id are linked to Igh-1b allotypes and that the quantity of 5936-Id produced appears to be regulated by Ir genes in the H-2 complex. The synthesis of 5936-Id is T-cell dependent, and only Igh-1b allotype compatible T cells would collaborate with 5936-Id+ B-cell precursors. 5936-Id+ Ig molecules appeared not to have specificity against eco- and xeno-tropic viruses. However, monoclonal antibodies produced from B6-T-cell-reconstituted B6 nude mice may carry 5936-Id and have specificity for B6-T-cell membrane molecules. The relevance of these findings to the question of whether or not T and B cells display identical idiotypes are discussed. PMID- 6805071 TI - [Delta-antigen in hepatitis B]. AB - Among 571 liver biopsies delta-Ag was found in 10 of 365 HBsAg positive patients (9 with CAH, 1 with CPH). Delta-Ag was demonstrated in nuclei and cytoplasm of liver cells in both cryostat and paraffin sections. Follow-up studies revealed persistence of delta-Ag for as long as 6 years and temporary appearance or loss of Dane particle-associated parameters without a change in the concomitant inflammation. These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that delta-Ag represents a defective viral agent which modulates, by superinfection, the typical viral expression patterns of HBV infection. PMID- 6805073 TI - Serotonin and octopamine in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - The biogenic amines serotonin and octopamine are present in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Serotonin, detected histochemically in whole mounts, is localized in two pharyngeal neurons that appear to be neurosecretory. Octopamine, identified radioenzymatically in crude extracts, probably is also localized in a few neurons. Exogenous serotonin and octopamine elicit specific and opposite behavioral responses in Caenorhabditis elegans, suggesting that these compounds function physiologically as antagonists. PMID- 6805072 TI - [Asthma and rhinitis induced by the ingestion of pure ethanol and by the inhalation of alcohol vapors]. AB - A 39-year-old nurse exhibited for one year an immediate-type asthmatic reaction with rhinorrhea and facial flushing and itching after ingestion of alcohol. The elimination of all alcohol-containing items from the operating theater brought relief from the daytime symptoms. Some dyspnea after salicylate ingestion and in cold weather persisted. Oral provocation tests with wine and pure ethanol and inhalation tests with ethanol vapours gave rise to all the known symptoms. Asthma could be prevented by prior inhalation of disodium cromoglycate, whereas facial itching and nasal reaction was prevented by oral ketotifen but not by cromoglycate. PMID- 6805074 TI - Interference with dimethylhydrazine induction of colon tumors in mice by epsilon aminocaproic acid. AB - The antifibrinolytic agent epsilon-aminocaproic acid given in the drinking water to Swiss ICR/Ha mice significantly counteracted the appearance of colorectal tumors induced by 21 weekly infections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine. The drug affected both the number and the location of the tumors and, in some animals, altogether prevented their appearance. The low concentrations of epsilon aminocaproic acid in the plasma of four control mice given the agent labeled with carbon-14 for 3 days suggest that the effect may depend not on inhibition of plasminogen activator activity, but on interference with the binding of some substance to the strong lysine binding site of plasminogen. PMID- 6805077 TI - Detection of deconjugation of bile salts with a 14CO2 breath test. PMID- 6805078 TI - Immunological study of typhoid fever in man. II Cell-mediated immune response. AB - The development of cell-mediated immune response to lipopolysaccharide and Barber protein from Salmonella typhi was investigated in patients suffering from typhoid fever. The cell-mediated immunity as measured by the leukocyte adherence inhibition test, was demonstrable in 77% of patients with typhoid fever but only in 5.6% of healthy controls. It was found that cell-mediated immune response appeared after the first week of illness and persisted for at least 4 weeks. The time course development of cell-mediated immune response and humoral immune response was correlated but the magnitude of each response was independent on one another. PMID- 6805075 TI - Role of calcium in trypanocidal drug action. AB - The synergistic effect of serum on the drug combination of salicylhydroxamic acid plus glycerol, which is active against Trypanosoma brucei, is due to diffusible calcium ions. The synergistic activity can be removed by dialysis of the serum or by addition of calcium chelating agents. A buffer containing calcium can mimic the synergistic activity of serum. This finding may have important implications in the clinical management of African trypanosomiasis in humans. Calcium also has a synergistic effect on melarsoprol, the only drug available for treating sleeping sickness patients with central nervous system involvement, and the concentration of calcium has been reported to be depressed inthe serum of experimentally infected animals. PMID- 6805076 TI - Drug-induced platelet destruction. PMID- 6805079 TI - The clinical presentation and biochemical diagnosis of acromegaly and gigantism. AB - Over a 5-year period 14 patients with acromegaly and gigantism were seen at the endocrine clinic of King Edward VIII Hospital: 9 were Blacks and 5 Indians; 8 of the patients were women. The mean age of the patients was 46 years. Surprisingly, only 2 patients complained of acral overgrowth. Symptomatology was varied and not characteristic of the condition. On examination all patients had unequivocal signs of soft-tissue and bony overgrowth, 64% had visual abnormalities and 50% hypertension. Radiologically, 88% showed an enlarged pituitary fossa. On biochemical investigation, the fasting levels of growth hormone (GH) were increased in 12 patients and during oral glucose tolerance tests, the GH levels in these 12 patients were not suppressed. One patient in whom the fasting GH level was not increased had progressed to the stage of panhypopituitarism, in the remaining patient challenge with thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) led to increased GH levels and L-dopa challenge resulted in a paradoxical decrease in GH levels. Seven patients with increased GH levels who were challenged with L-dopa showed the typical decrease in GH levels found in this condition; in 5 of these patients, challenged with TRH, GH levels increased. The findings emphasize that despite the ease of clinical diagnosis, appropriate biochemical investigations are necessary to confirm the exact status of the disease, which is rare in the population studied. PMID- 6805080 TI - Liver function in children receiving treatment with the anticonvulsant sodium valproate. AB - Alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were studied in 49 children who had received the anticonvulsant sodium valproate (Epilim; R & C) for at least 6 months. No significant deviation from accepted normal was detected. PMID- 6805081 TI - Evidence for the role of androgens in the feedback control of gonadotrophin secretion in the human female. AB - The effect of androgens on the luteinizing hormone (LH) response to LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) is fairly well documented. However, the evidence concerning the effect on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is less convincing and clear-cut. We administered LH-RH to a patient with an androgen-producing adrenal tumour both before and after removal of the tumour. Before operation, testosterone levels were elevated and oestradiol levels reduced. There was no response of either LH or FSH levels to LH-RH on two separate occasions. Postoperatively LH and FSH values rose sharply, to 404% and 170% above basal levels respectively. The data suggest that androgens do play a role in the feedback control of both LH and FSH secretion. PMID- 6805082 TI - [Adenosine deaminase deficit in severe combined immunodeficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805083 TI - [IgD myeloma. Considerations about its diagnosis based on three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805084 TI - [Application if different techniques to the diagnosis of von Willebrand's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805085 TI - Nonoperative conversion of gastrostomy to feeding jejunostomy in children and adults. PMID- 6805086 TI - [Effect of peripheral vasodilators on regional blood flow and tissue concentration of oxygen in patients with circulation insufficiency]. PMID- 6805087 TI - [Comparative pharmacodynamics of 2 long-acting niroglycerin formulations, sustac and trinitrolong, in patients with effort angina pectoris]. PMID- 6805088 TI - Mechanisms of sulphur dioxide induced bronchoconstriction in normal and asthmatic man. AB - We have examined the inhibitory effect of atropine and sodium cromoglycate (SCG) on the bronchial response to sulphur dioxide (SO2) in groups of normal and asthmatic subjects. Eleven normal subjects were premedicated with propranolol (100 mg orally) one hour before each experiment. After baseline measurements of specific airways conductance (sGaw) the subject inhaled an aerosol from a Wright nebuliser for five minutes. In separate experiments this contained water (control), atropine methonitrate (0 . 2%), or SCG (1%). Fifteen minutes later sGaw was remeasured and the subject then breathed SO2 (8 ppm) for three minutes through the mouth. Specific airways conductance was measured for the duration of the subsequent response. Intervals between experiments on any one subject were one week or more. After control SO2 inhalation sGaw decreased in all subjects (mean 34 +/- 17 (SD)%). Atropine and SCG significantly inhibited the SO2 response (p less than 0 . 01 for both). After atropine the mean decrease in sGaw was 13 +/ 24%; after SCG 16 +/- 12% (range -3- + 55%). With atropine the degree of inhibition was inversely related to the subject's responsiveness to the control SO2 inhalation (r = 0 . 75; p less than 0 . 01). In four asthmatics (without beta blockade and with lower SO2 exposure) atropine did not inhibit the SO2 response; SCG had a similar effect to that seen in normal subjects. Therefore, vagal efferent mechanisms are involved in the bronchial response to SO2 in normal subjects, but the lack of inhibition caused by atropine in hyperreactive normal and asthmatic subjects suggests that vagal mechanisms are not important in the causation of hyperreactivity to SO2. The mechanism of inhibition with SCG is unknown. PMID- 6805089 TI - Spontaneous massive haemothorax in von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 6805090 TI - [Total parenteral feeding in intestinal fistulas]. PMID- 6805091 TI - Measurement of case mix. PMID- 6805092 TI - Diagnosis related groups. PMID- 6805093 TI - Data systems for case mix. PMID- 6805095 TI - Diagnosis related groups and management. PMID- 6805094 TI - Case mix and regulation. PMID- 6805096 TI - Diagnosis related groups and quality assurance. PMID- 6805097 TI - One application of the DRG planning model. PMID- 6805098 TI - Future directions for case-mix applications. PMID- 6805099 TI - Effects of vinyltoluene alone and after pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls on hepatocellular morphology and enzyme activities in liver and kidneys in rats. PMID- 6805100 TI - Effects of fenitrothion and carbaryl on Xenopus laevis development. AB - When Xenopus laevis embryos were treated with fenitrothion, a substantial proportion failed to survive to hatching only when the concentration approached saturation. However, after exposure to 10 ppm of fenitrothion, most were abnormal and did not survive past feeding stage. Different embryonic stages were not equally sensitive to fenitrothion and the greatest sensitivity was observed at gastrulation. The most common visible abnormalities were altered body shape, including microcephaly, and edema. Internally, abnormalities of the heart, spinal cord and notochord were common. Though carbaryl was toxic at somewhat lower concentrations, carbaryl-induced abnormalities were less severe. In particular, cardiac malformations were less extreme. Recently hatched tadpoles were less sensitive to carbaryl than were the embryos, but were more sensitive to fenitrothion. However, with both compounds, the effects were seen only at concentrations higher than would normally be expected in the environment after spraying. PMID- 6805103 TI - The influence of the strain of Trypanosoma cruzi in placental infections in mice. AB - Pregnant female mice were infected with Trypanosoma cruzi strains which differed according to several parameters and were classified as three different types. Mice were killed during either the acute or the chronic phase of infection. Animals' tissues and foetuses together with the placentas, were studied histopathologically. Clear cut differences were noted in the incidence of placental parasitism and in the localization of amastigotes in the vascular sinus of the placenta amongst the animals in the acute phase of the infection with different strains. No parasitism of the foetal tissues was seen. The incidence of placental parasitism reached 98% for the Colombian strain, 18.4% for the Peruvian strain, 17% for the Y strain and 13.2% for the Honorina strain (isolated from a woman that transmitted the infection to twins). The presence of parasites in the vascular part of the placenta was prominent with the Colombian strain and rare with the others. These experimental data seem to show that parasite strain plays a role in congenital T. cruzi infection. PMID- 6805102 TI - Sero-epidemiological survey of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi infection in a rural Thai village. AB - A sero-epidemiological survey of a rural Thai village demonstrated a 77% prevalence of antibody against Rickettsia tsutsugamushi in adults. Acquisition of antibody occurred very early in life, especially in females, but the prevalence of antibody in the adult population showed no statistically significant sexual distinction. Antibody against all three prototype strains was present in Thailand but antibody titres did not vary by strain type or the age of the individual. PMID- 6805101 TI - The effects of benzo(a)pyrene on rat liver lysosomes. AB - An i.p. injection of benzo(a)pyrene (BP; 10 mg/kg) into rats led to the progressive release of hepatic, beta-glucuronidase (beta-Gluc), beta galactosidase (beta-Gal) and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-Glm). This occurred prior to the appearance of altered cells or cell populations from which malignant transformations may gradually develop. The in vitro studies on the latency of beta-Gluc, Beta-Gal and beta-Glm in the lysosome-enriched rat liver suspension treated with BP showed that concentrations of 10(-7) M, 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M significantly decrease latency of all three lysosomal enzymes, the effect being time-dependent. These concentrations of BP did not alter the activities of beta-Gluc, b-Gal and beta-Glm in vitro. No significant alterations were observed in total enzyme activities, following in vivo and in vitro BP administration. BP exerts its effect on rat liver lysosomes by modifying the structural properties of the lysolemma, and may represent an early precarcinogenic change. PMID- 6805106 TI - Some aspects of anaesthesia in developing countries. PMID- 6805105 TI - A comparison of thin layer immunoassay (TIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with a new solid phase method, thin layer immunoassay (TIA) for the serodiagnosis of Chagas's disease. 156 sera from Brazilian adult patients who were subject to investigation for chronic Chagas's disease, and 100 sera from healthy Swedish blood donors were analysed. There was a very good agreement between the methods with regard to positive and negative results and it is concluded that either method could be used for sero-diagnosis of Chagas's disease depending upon the choice and facilities of the particular laboratory. PMID- 6805107 TI - Plasma zinc and copper levels during the acute phase of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and after recovery. AB - The fasting plasma levels of zinc and copper during the acute phase of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and after recovery have been measured in 51 malnourished children and 10 healthy control subjects. Recovery time was four weeks after the initial presentation when oedema had disappeared and both appetite and temperament had improved. There was no statistically significant difference between the zinc and copper values, both initially and at recovery in all the malnourished children; besides all these values were significantly lower than those for the control group. The evidence was that the dietary intake of these two trace elements was inadequate. It is suggested that in order to hasten catch-op growth during recovery from PEM, both zinc and copper should be added to the rehabilitating diets. PMID- 6805104 TI - Detection of antibodies to Trypanosoma cruzi in the South American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis). AB - Stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi belonging to two different zymodemes, one usually associated with silvatic reservoir hosts and the other not normally found in wild reservoir hosts, were used as sources of diagnostic antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of antibodies to T. cruzi in Didelphis marsupialis. Both antigen preparations reacted with antibodies in sera from animals found to be infected by conventional parasitological techniques and also in sera from a proportion of the remaining animals in which it was not possible to detect trypanosomes. PMID- 6805108 TI - Listeriosis in a neonate and the mother. AB - Listeria meningitis developed in a two-day-old child whose mother harboured Listeria monocytogenes of the same serotype 4 in her vagina. Child and mother were both effectively treated with ampicillin. This is the first report of confirmed neonatal listeriosis from Nigeria. PMID- 6805109 TI - [Radioautographic study of protein synthesis in the neurons of the epileptogenic mirror focus in the rat brain. I. The stage of the occurrence of steady convulsive activity and the anterior parietal area of the cortex]. AB - Epileptogenic mirror focus was produced in the left parietalis area of rat's brain by cobalt implantation into the controlateral hemisphere. A synthesis of protein was measured autoradiographically in layers III and V neurons of the parietalis anterior area, the lateralis thalamus nucleus of epileptogenic mirror focus on day 14 after cobalt implantation. The incorporation of L-proline-5-3H was found by the increase by 41, 31 and 6% in layer V neurons, layer III neurons and thalamus neurons, resp. Some disturbance of correlation was found between protein synthesis and its expenditure in neurons of the epileptogenic mirror focus. The disturbance was most pronounced in layer V and thalamus neurons. PMID- 6805110 TI - Naturally acquired immunity to haemorrhagic septicaemia among cattle and buffaloes in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6805113 TI - Koch's bacillus. PMID- 6805111 TI - Immune status of buffalo calves exposed to natural infection with haemorrhagic septicaemia. PMID- 6805112 TI - Theileriosis annulata and its transmission-a review. PMID- 6805116 TI - "Classical" and "Asian" variants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in South East England 1977-1980. AB - Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were divided into 'classical' and 'Asian' types according to their susceptibility to thiophen-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (TCH). A study of 6638 new cases of tuberculosis showed that there was a much higher incidence of non-pulmonary disease among Asian than among European patients, and that the TCH-sensitive 'Asian' type of organism was much commoner among the former. There was, however, no correlation between the site of disease and the type of organism. Resistance to antituberculosis drugs was more frequent among strains from Asian patients but there was no correlation between such resistance and susceptibility to TCH. No evidence was therefore found to link differences in the clinical features of tuberculosis in the two populations of patients to the type to organism. PMID- 6805114 TI - A century of treating tuberculosis. PMID- 6805115 TI - 'Uber tuberkulose'. A tribute to Robert Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus, 1882. PMID- 6805118 TI - [Liver involvement and encephalopathy in a child during sodium valproate therapy]. PMID- 6805117 TI - [Effect of formate on 14C incorporation from various precursors into rat liver proteins and lipids]. AB - Experiments on the rat liver homogenates and slices show that formate stimulates carbon incorporation from [1-14C] lysine and [2-14C] acetate into proteins and from [2-14C] acetate into lipids. The stimulating effect depends on both the formate concentration and nature of the labelled precursor. The in vitro experiments demonstrate the highest stimulating effect on the metabolism of both proteins and lipids under administration of 2 microM formate per 100 g of animal mass. Determination of the label incorporation rate at different time after formate administration showed that the latter evokes an intensified synthesis of protein with rate of its decay remaining the same. PMID- 6805119 TI - [Complete peri-operative parenteral nutrition of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma. Nitrogen balance and clinical course]. PMID- 6805121 TI - [Local chemotherapy of bladder carcinoma with mitomycin (author's transl)]. AB - 40 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, stage Tis, Ta und Tl, were treated by a topical cytostatica-therapy with Mitomycin C (MMC) after transurethral resection of the bladder in order to investigate: 1. The curative influence on the carcinoma in situ, 2. the prevention of tumor cell implantations. After an average observation time of up to the 23.4 months this concept of therapy seems to be promising because of clearly reduced recurrence rate and the lack of systemic toxicity. MMC absorption studies with 19 patients, partly with reflux and TUR-caused perforation of the bladder, showed that MMC instillation therapy (20 mg MMC in 40 ml NaCl) immediately after resection does not result inn systemically toxic serum concentration. PMID- 6805122 TI - [Effects of oestrogens on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with carcinoma of the prostate (author's transl)]. AB - 16 patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were studied in a prospective trial during treatment with oestrogens. Changes in plasma levels of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) and testosterone as well as salt-water balance, antithrombin III, fibrinolytic activity, plasma lipoproteins known to influence the risk of cardiovascular complications, were recorded during the initial 2 months. The plasma testosterone, LH and FSH concentrations were suppressed. The plasma volume was increased and the plasma albumin concentration was decreased. The antithrombin III concentration and the tissue fibrinolytic activity were decreased. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) level decreased and the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level increased. The recorded changes of cardiovascular risk factors indicate that the risk of water retention and thereby congestive heart failure and the risk for thromboembolic disease are increased during oestrogen treatment. The changes in lipoproteins with a marked elevation of the HDL/LDL ratio are thought to retard the development of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6805120 TI - [Protein-calorie nutritional state in surgical patients. Assessed by anthropometric measurements and serum proteins]. PMID- 6805124 TI - Experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. PMID- 6805126 TI - [Secretory function indices of the stomach in peptic ulcer of varying severity]. AB - The parameters of acidity, concentration and debit of pepsin, partial secretion, alkaline-acidic and acidic-peptic coefficients were determined in patients with the ulcerous disease. A reliable increase in the secretion on the empty stomach was found in severe course of the ulcerous disease. The main factors of aggression (debit of the acid, concentration and debit of pepsin( tend to increase in more severe course of the disease. The data obtained may be used for solving the question of the timely operative treatment. PMID- 6805123 TI - Continuous wave carbon dioxide treatment of balanitis xerotica obliterans. AB - Herein is presented the first case of balanitis xerotica obliterans treated successfully by carbon dioxide-continuous wave (CW-CO2) laser vaporization. This method appears to be a safe addition to other well-known treatment modalities, offering minimal postoperative discomfort, preservation of anatomic landmarks and function, and excellent cosmetic results. PMID- 6805125 TI - [Prospects for using microsurgical technics in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6805127 TI - [Parenteral feeding of patients with cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 6805128 TI - Prevalence of Sarcocystis species and other parasites in hunting dogs in Gwynedd, North Wales. AB - The prevalence of sarcocystis infection in hunting dogs in four packs in Gwynedd, North Wales was assessed. The prevalence rates were also assessed for other parasites which could be identified in the faeces of the dogs. The survey showed that when compared with earlier surveys of sheep-dogs, greyhounds and foxes the hunting dogs were more heavily infected. PMID- 6805129 TI - [Epidemiological significance of latent forms of infectious diseases]. PMID- 6805130 TI - [Use of a polyacrylamide gel immunosorbent during electrophoresis]. PMID- 6805134 TI - [Polyresistance of Mycobacterium]. PMID- 6805132 TI - [Recent advances in studies on the specific inhibition and nature of monoamine oxidases (review)]. PMID- 6805131 TI - [Fluorimetric method of analyzing proteinase activity]. PMID- 6805135 TI - Elderly patients at risk of potential drug interactions in long-term care facilities. PMID- 6805136 TI - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis. PMID- 6805133 TI - [Adenine aminohydrolase: distribution, properties and new aspects of research (review)]. PMID- 6805137 TI - [The fate of intravenously-administered sugar as energy source (author's transl)]. AB - 10 micromoles of 14C-U-labelled maltose, glucose, fructose and galactose were injected intravenously into rats and it was found that more than 10% was exhaled as CO2 within 60 minutes and about 50% within 24 hours. Anaesthesia lowers the values by one third. The main amount of 14C is found in the liver. By comparison, only 0.24% and 0.17% were metabolized to CO2 within 60 minutes from sucrose and lactose respectively, whilst within 24 hours the equivalent figures were 2% and 3%. This small turnover persists after removal of the gut, as was demonstrated by an additional series of 1-hour experiments and is judged to signify parenteral hydrolysis of sucrose and lactose molecules. For both disaccharides the 1-hour renal excretion ranges from 66% to almost 100% compared with a range of 1.2% to 4.3% for glucose, maltose, fructose and galactose. Using 3-O-methylglucose, only 0.025% of the dose was exhaled as CO2 within 60 minutes, a quantity small enough to be due to contamination of the sample. Apart from glucose and fructose, maltose is considered to be useful for parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6805138 TI - A system for the continuous collection of 14CO2 from patas monkeys: the metabolism of [14C]cloguanamile. AB - 1. An apparatus is described that allows CO2 expired by monkeys to be trapped and measured and urine and faeces to be separated and collected. 2. When [14C]cloguanamile was administered to rats and to patas monkeys, a marked species difference was seen in the proportion of 14CO2 expired. 3. Suppression of the gut flora by neomycin revealed that this difference was due to enterofloral metabolism. PMID- 6805139 TI - Device for monitoring 14CO2 in the expired air from beagle dogs: its use in the study of aminopyrine demethylation. AB - 1. A device for serial collection of samples for determination of 14CO2 in the expired air of the beagle dog is described. 2. The device has been evaluated using [14C]aminopyrine as a model compound. The rate of 14C excretion in the expired air initially correlated with the plasma concentrations of aminopyrine rather than the plasma concentrations of 14C. 3. The dog demethylated aminopyrine at the slower rate than the rat. Both species demethylate the unchanged drug more readily than subsequent metabolites. PMID- 6805140 TI - [Chronic pancreatitis--status of islet transplantation]. PMID- 6805141 TI - [Effect of glibenclamide therapy on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and insulin secretion in patients with glucose tolerance disorders : a 5-year study]. AB - In normal weight persons with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; normal fasting glycaemia and pathological glucose tolerance) and still normal or already decreased insulin secretion the influence of glibenclamide (maninil) on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism as well as the insulin secretion was studied after one year (n = 18), after 2 years (n =13), after 3 years (n = 10) and after 5 years (n = 6). Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were characterized by means of a 2 hours' glucose infusion test (0.33 g/kg as bolus and 12 mg/kg/min over 120 min). In no case the diabetes became manifest during the 5-year duration of the observation. An improvement of the glucose tolerance could be observed up to 3 years, whereas after a 5-year glibenclamide therapy no certain influence on the glucose tolerance and insulin secretion could be proved. In general the improvement of the glucose tolerance was not associated with an increased secretion of insulin, so that an extrapancreatic effect of glibenclamide (improvement of the peripheral insulin sensitivity?) seems to be possible. A complete normalization of the glucose tolerance could be observed only in some individual cases. The body-weight remained constant in all groups, whereas the concentration of triglyceride and cholesterol decreased in their tendency. From clinical and practical point of view the findings would support the opinion that normal weight persons with IGT, particularly in already decreased insulin secretion, have an indication for a glibenclamide therapy. PMID- 6805142 TI - [Determination of serum haptoglobin concentration in the acute phase of myocardial infarct by means of Mancini's simple radial immunodiffusion test]. AB - In 14 patients with an according to the WHO-criteria definitive myocardial infarction quantitative serum haptoglobin course controls were performed in the first week after the pain event. The haptoglobin estimations were performed by means of simple radial immunodiffusion after Mancini on M-partigen plates. Up to the fifth day after the pain event an increase of the haptoglobin concentration could be established. On the two following days a decreasing tendency could be observed. In a comparative group of five with chronic ischaemic heart diseases and angina pectoris syndrome under the same conditions of examination no increase of haptoglobin could be observed during the first five days after the pain event. These examination results correspond with the literary data, that in disease with tissue destruction increases of haptoglobin are to be observed. PMID- 6805144 TI - [Activation of the antihemophilic globulin A (factor VIII). 2. Effect of ampholine on the course of blood coagulation and the molecular conformation of factor VIII]. AB - Ampholine leads to an increase of activity of factor VIII and in vitro at the same time inhibits the activation of factor XII. The influence on factor XII takes place via influence on the contact surface. All the other coagulation factors remain uninfluenced. There are no differences between normal plasma and plasma of haemophilia with regard to the influence by ampholine. The molecular weight of factor VIII remains uninfluenced by ampholine. The activity of the various molecular forms of factor VIII is increased at the same level by ampholine. PMID- 6805143 TI - [Activation of antihemophilic globulin A (factor VIII). 1. Activation by ampholine]. AB - In vitro ampholine leads to an activation of the antihaemophilic globulin A (factor VIII). The effect is bound to the positive charge of the ampholine molecule. Negatively charged molecules of the same structure do not have such an effect. The increase of the activity of factor VIII depends on the ampholine concentration and is possible about twice as much. In great ampholine concentrations the factor VIII is again inhibited. The plasma of patients with haemophilia A and of patients with v. Willebrand's disease does not show any differences in the increase of activity. The activation is no time-depending reaction, but begins at once. PMID- 6805145 TI - [100 years ago Robert Koch described the tuberculosis germ]. AB - The beginning of the etiologic epoch in medicine is in general equated with the discoveries of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch. The 24th march 1982 is the 100th anniversary of that memorable day on which Robert Koch announced his discovery of the tubercle bacillus. We remember this even in connection with the discussions on infectiosity and additional factors led before and after. The absence of specific possibilities of treatment and the failure of the tuberculin therapy induces regional and supraregional activities, which evoke the establishment of an organized care. At the instance of the situation of the changing of the century the correlation of endogenic and exogenic condition is explained, which was recognized also by Robert Koch. PMID- 6805147 TI - Observations on the ATP concentration in red cells during total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6805146 TI - [Activation of the antihemophilic globulin A (factor VIII). 3. Activation by servalyte]. AB - A series of ampholytes is investigated concerning its influence on the activity of factor VIII. While positively charged ampholine (polyamino-polycarboxylic acids) may increase the activity of factor VIII, positively charged amino acids and dipeptides do not have this property. A group of substances (servalyte) constructed similarly to ampholine which besides amino groups and carboxyl groups has as charge carriers also phosphate and sulphate groups increases the activity of factor VIII like ampholine. Obviously not only the net charge of the molecule plays an essential role in the influence on the activity of factor VIII, but also size and configuration. PMID- 6805149 TI - Evidence of circulating antibodies against Frenkelia glareoli (Apicomplexa). PMID- 6805150 TI - [Differential diagnosis of early scoliosis in Scheuermann's disease and idiopathic scoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - In order to avoid overtreatment or undertreatment of a beginning scoliosis early differentiation of the clinically unimportant concomitant scoliosis of Scheuermann's disease is essential as against early idiopathic scoliosis, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia and the fixed round back deformity of adolescents. Scheuermann's scoliosis as opposed to idiopathic scoliosis is characterised by the almost complete lack of vertebral rotation (as with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia), by a localized unilateral narrowing of the intervertebral space in the a.p. x-ray, as well as by a slight Z- or E-pattern, and a relative shortness of the curves. Simultaneous dorsal kyphosis may be absent. Indispensable is furthermore, the familiarity with the early x-ray signs of Scheuermann's disease in the lateral view as compared with the X-ray of the fixed roundback. PMID- 6805148 TI - A comparative light and electron microscope study of the cysts of Sarcocystis species of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). AB - Sarcocystis muscle cysts of naturally infected roe deer were examined by light and electron microscopy. Two types of thin- and thick-walled cysts could be distinguished by light microscopy, whereas by electron microscopy six types of cyst walls could be differentiated on the basis of the size and shape of protrusions of the primary cyst wall and by the presence or absence of fibrillar elements. The paper also discusses whether the cyst wall types are species related or represent cysts of different ages. The fine structure of merozoites and metrocytes of Sarcocystis of roe deer resembles that of other Sarcocystis species. PMID- 6805151 TI - [Ketanest anesthesia in rats (blood gas analysis) and experiences in experimental microsurgery]. PMID- 6805152 TI - [The etiology of tuberculosis by Dr. Robert Koch. From the Berliner Klinische Wochenschrift, Volume 19 (1882)]. PMID- 6805153 TI - Koch's Tubercle Bacillus - a centenary reappraisal. AB - The tubercle bacillus discovered by Robert Koch in 1882 was termed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1886. This organism was later found to be only one of many acid fast bacilli, some of which caused diseases resembling tuberculosis in various animals and some lived freely as saprophytes. The strains associated with disease were also referred to as tubercle bacilli and in later years those which differed in their properties from Koch's original isolates were given separate species names. Modern taxonomic methods have enable the species within the genus Mycobacterium to be carefully defined. The use of such methods has shown that the strains called M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. microti and M. africanum belong to a single evolutionary unit or species. It is therefore recommended that the latter three species names should be discarded and that the variants should be regarded as types of M. tuberculosis. The term "tubercle bacilli" had been applied to the variants of M. tuberculosis and also to quite distinct species of acid fast bacilli such as M. avium. It is therefore necessary to define the term "Tubercle bacillus" whenever it is used. The "classical" subdivisions of M. tuberculosis are based on simple cultural properties and pathogenicity in mammalian hosts. More recent methods enable other important subdivisions to be made. These include three major phage types of the human strains and two variants of the bacillus is therefore one of a heterogeneous group of acid fast bacilli which can, nevertheless, be seen to belong to the evolutionary distinct species Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PMID- 6805154 TI - Induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of Mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials. AB - Factors contributing to protection against experimental tuberculosis have been studied with refined and well-characterized fractions from mycobacteria and with certain unrelated antigens. Mice were vaccinated intravenously with various combinations of materials presented on minute oil droplets in saline emulsion and were later challenged by aerosol. The minimal composition of an effective vaccine was P3 (a trehalose mycolate similar to cord factor) plus an antigen, which could be tuberculo-protein, or a low-molecular-weight tuberculin-active peptide, or unrelated antigen such as bovine serum albumin or bacterial endotoxin. Development of a hypersensitivity granuloma in the lungs appeared to be essential to protection in this laboratory model. PMID- 6805156 TI - Mycobacterial antibodies after tuberculin testing, BCG- vaccination, BCG immunotherapy and against cross-reacting antigens in a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (SPRIA) was used to investigate several factors influencing false positive and negative results in serodiagnostic test for tuberculosis, Unheated cytoplasmic fractions of mycobacteria, and other microorganisms were bound to polystyrol and antibody binding of sera from tuberculous, non tuberculous hospitalized patients and healthy adults was tested by the SPRIA-method. The level of antibody concentration in the SPRIA reflects roughly cross-reactivity between the antigens. Similar antibody binding occurred with M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. ulcerans and several "atyical" mycobacteria as test antigens, while other mycobacterial species and one of two tested tuberculin preparation (PPD) showed less antibody binding capacity. Significant cross reactivity of fourty to sixty per cent was found between M. tuberculosis and N. asteroides but no cross-reaction was observed with C. parvum, S. typhi, S. paratyphi, C. Albicans or Aspergillus niger. Heating of mycobacterial cytoplasmic antigen resulted in a decrease of the test specifity. Tuberculin testing and intracutaneous BCG-vaccination in healthy adults had no distinct influence on the antibody response against several mycobacterial test antigens. However, a rapid increase of antibody levels was documented in melanoma patients after BCG immunotherapy by sacrification with a more concentrated vaccine. PMID- 6805155 TI - [Acquired resistance to facultative intracellular bacteria: as to the identity of the cell mediating protection and delayed hypersensitivity (author's transl)]. AB - Acquired resistance to facultative intracellular bacteria depends on two interacting classes of cells: antigen specific T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. After specific interaction with antigen, T lymphocytes are capable of activating mononuclear phagocytes to form granulomas and to acquire enhanced bacteriocidal capacity. In general, protection is paralleled by delayed hypersensitivity to bacterial antigens. Although Robert Koch had already postulated that protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin in principle depend on an identical mechanism, this question has been unresolved thus far. Recently it has become possible (a) to select heterogeneous T cell subpopulations by serologic methods and (b) to clone and propagate homogeneous T cell lines in a biologically active form. Applying these techniques, we could show that a single T cell population specific for the intracellular bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes, is capable of mediating both antibacterial protection and delayed hypersensitivity. These data show that both functions in principle depend on an identical mechanism thus resolving the problem in Robert Koch's original sense. PMID- 6805158 TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis tuberculin devoid of BCG common antigens. PMID- 6805159 TI - [Hygienic and microbiological influences exerted on natural water biotopes by algae and the growth of water plants. 1. Communication: antibacterial properties of three water algae (Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Chlorella vulgaris, Aphanothece nidulans) in vitro (author's transl)]. AB - The growth-inhibiting behaviour of abacterial, liquid pure cultures made up of three water algae (Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Chlorella vulgaris, Aphanothece nidulans) which were made to grow profusely in special culture containers under constant exposure to light and ventilation was examined in ten different species of microorganisms during a period of contact of 4 days both in the light and in the dark. Subjected to the test were the 5 pathogenic species Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhimurium and Candida albicans as well the 5 bacterial contamination indicators E. coli (faecal indicator), Streptococcus faecalis (enterococci), Enterobacter aerogenes ("coliforms"), Staphylococcus epidermidis (dermic germ) and Bacillus subtilis ("contamination germ"). It was found that --Hydrodictyon reticulatum and Aphanothece nidulans exert a strong antibacterial effect, while Chlorella vulgaris provides no indication of a bacterial growth-inhibiting effect. --this antibiosis is linked with the assimilative activity of the algal cultures, as in the dark no antibacterial action is discernible --the "antibiotic principle" must be liable to transitory or rapid disintegration because the algal cultures are ineffective in the dark and also culture filtrates of 5-days old algal cultures exercise no growth-inhibiting effect. With respect to the sanitation of waters it is important to state that a profuse growth of algae produces a certain, but hardly reliable "biological water disinfection" and renders difficult the assessment of the quality of a water-course as a result of the elimination of the usual contamination indicators. Therefore, additional microbiological quality parameters must be used for assessment of pollution of swimming pools with strong algal growth. PMID- 6805160 TI - [To the multiplication ability of intestinal bacteria in water (author's transl)]. AB - In three series of laboratory tests, the influence exercised on intestinal bacteria by waste water from dairies, breweries, starch factories and the meat processing industry, as well as by the individual potential nutritive substances such as casein, yeast autolysate, starch and bovine serum was examined in native and sterilised surface water. This was the continuation of the experiments with waste water from sugar factories. All substances tested so far can being about a growth of potentially and obligate pathogenic bacteria. However, the influence exercised by the different types of waste water and their potential nutritive substances varies. Yeast autolysate has the most striking effect, e.g. E. coli grow in the order of 4-5, P. aeruginosa in the order of 2-3, and in the order of 1-2 in the case of the 2 serotypes examined, S. enteritidis and S. schottmuelleri. A lesser effect was produced by casein, while the influence exercised by starch and bovine serum was minimal or nil. When nutritive substances are again added, the growth of all test organisms examined is less marked and it is mainly attributable to the action of yeast autolysate and casein. However, the possibility of a secondary increase of the potential infectiousness of the water under the influence of specific trophic conditions of the outfall, was clearly demonstrated. PMID- 6805157 TI - Analysis of the soluble cytoplasmic components of Mycobacteria and Nocardia by crossed immunoelectrofocusing. AB - Soluble cytoplasmic components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, strain H 37 Ra, and Washington II, Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG and Nocardia asteroides were analysed by isoelectric focusing, crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and crossed immunoelectrofocusing. Using con A-affinity chromatography con A-reactive polysaccharides could be separated from the cytoplasmic fraction which improved the focusing effect. The isoelectric focusing patterns of the various mycobacterial strains were similar, however, concentration differences of the respective components might occur. N. asteroides had a different pattern. By crossed immunoelectrofocusing it was shown that most of the bands of the focusing pattern had antigenic character. Con A-reactive polysaccharides were located near to the cathode, and the con A-nonbound antigens occured close to the anode. Cross reaction between mycobacteria and N. asteroides was remarkable. In crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis four line in N. asteroides antigens were identical with the highest peaks of M. bovis, strain BCG antigens. PMID- 6805161 TI - [Nosocomial infective agents in surgical intensive care unit. I. Occurrence and spreading of Gram-negative, obligate aerobic and facultative anaerobic rods (author's transl)]. AB - In a surgical care unit samples were taken at 16 days in 3 day-intervals and the staff, the patients, their inanimate environment and the air investigated on the occurrence of gram-negative nosocomial infective agents (NIA). Samples taken from the staff only showed 1.3% positive NIA findings. Samples taken from the patient were NIA-positive in 27.7%. Samples taken from the inanimate environment were NIA positive in 3.8%. In 6.9% of samples taken from the air gram-negative NIA were shown. With two examples the spreading of gram-negative NIA at the patient himself resp. also in his inanimate environment was shown. On base of resistance patterns a spreading from resp. through the staff or from one patient to the other was not definitely to be shown. Our results have shown that the NIA may be dissiminated by contact as well as by air-well-known with Staph. aureus but also with gram-negative rods. PMID- 6805162 TI - [Demonstration of estradiol-17 beta receptors in the bone marrow of dogs]. PMID- 6805163 TI - [Body mass development and hematological values of growing rats given varying amounts of Fe and Cu]. PMID- 6805166 TI - The effect of antidiuretic hormone on faecal water excretion in sheep. PMID- 6805167 TI - Pharmacokinetics and dosage of sulphanilamide in sheep. PMID- 6805164 TI - Serum vitamin B12 levels in dairy cows before and after parturition. PMID- 6805165 TI - [Comparative studies of selenium levels in serum, placenta, myometrium and milk of cows with or without retained placenta]. PMID- 6805169 TI - Vascular ring caused by a left aortic arch, right ligamentum arteriosum and part of the right dorsal aorta in a cat. PMID- 6805170 TI - [Morphological and histochemical studies of skin, mucous membranes and hooves of swine in experimental biotin deficiency]. PMID- 6805168 TI - Oxygen environment and acid-base status of the jugular, portal and renal veins and brain sinus of bovines in the conscious and sedated states. PMID- 6805172 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages isolated in a surgical hospital]. AB - New data on P. aeruginosa bacteriophages isolated from patients, as well as from washings obtained from various objects, in a surgical hospital are presented. 14 pure strains of P. aeruginosa bacteriophages have been isolated from 90 specimens of the material under study. The morphology of the colonies, the titer and the spectrum of action of the phages are characterized. The spectrum of action of polyvalent combination obtained by the mechanical mixture of different phages has been studied. The most active phages have been found to lyse 71.1, 63.1, 59.2 and 41.8 per cent of P. aeruginosa museum strains (225 strains). PMID- 6805171 TI - [Resistance breeding in mice. Establishment of 2 lines of mice, selected for high and low phagocytic activity]. PMID- 6805173 TI - [Modes of the formation of elementary bodies and their isolation from the cell in L-form bacteria]. AB - Elementary bodies are formed on the cell surface and inside the cell body in all cell types characteristic of L-form cultures, i. e. spherical cells, large bodies and filament structures. The following ways of elementary body formation are described: by budding on the cell surface, appearance immediately in the cytoplasm, in the vacuole, as a result of cytoplasmic fragmentation accompanied by the lysis of the cell, as well as in cases of the separation of cytoplasmic areas surrounded by the membrane or the myelin-like structure. The release of elementary bodies from the cell occurs as a result of the lysis or death of the mother cell, the thinning of the vacuole wall, and possibly due to small transient defects in the membrane, not accompanied by the death of the mother cell. The scheme of the formation and release of elementary bodies from the cell is presented. PMID- 6805175 TI - [Immunochemical characteristics of the surface water-soluble antigens of Yersinia enterocolitica]. AB - The extraction of acetone-dried bacteria by means of tris-glycine buffer has been found to yield the greatest number of antigens. Thus, up to 16 antigenic components with different electrophoretic mobility have been revealed in Y. enterocolitica. They include 4 thermostable proteins and 2 glycoproteins. Such antigens may be common and specific for each serovar. The presence of 1-3 surface antigens in common with the causative agent of plague has been revealed. Of these, the most active antigen has proteinaceous nature, and its mobility corresponds to that of rho-globulin. It is not identical with the surface Y. pestis antigen located in the albumin zone. PMID- 6805176 TI - [Bactericidal antibodies to meningococcal serogroups A, B and C in persons inoculated with a polycomponent meningococcal vaccine]. AB - Three groups consisting of 56, 55 and 57 subjects were immunized with polycomponent meningococcal vaccine incorporating microbial cell-wall substance in the polymeric form. The vaccine was introduced in doses of 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml, respectively, which corresponded to 100 microns, 200 microns and 400 microns of the dry substance of the vaccine. Each of 53 subjects in the control group received placebo (physiological saline) in a dose of 0.5 ml. Serum specimens were taken from all vaccinees prior to injection and on days 21-24. After the injection of the vaccine in a dose of 0.25 ml the arithmetical mean of the antimeningococcal titers increased approximately 70-fold to serogroup A, 20 fold to serogroup B and 120-fold to serogroup C, and after the injection of the vaccine in doses of 0.5 ml and 1.0 ml the titers increased 225-fold, 80-fold and 480-fold, respectively. The fact of the formation of bactericidal antibodies to serogroup B meningococci is particularly noteworthy. PMID- 6805177 TI - [Accelerated identification method for Corynebacterium diphtheriae]. AB - A method for rapid isolation of C. diphtheriae and determination of its biovar is proposed. The method consists in the inoculation of the material under study into 5% blood agar, the determination of cystinase in the modified Pisou medium prepared from agar D with sodium hyposulfite added and the fermentation of starch in dishes with serum starch agar. The proposed method allows one to reduce the time necessary for the identification of C. diphtheriae by 18 hours. PMID- 6805178 TI - [Growth dyssymmetry of Shigella flexneri 6(762 S) cells]. AB - Dyssymmetry in the growth of the initial and secondary shigella cells at early stages of the formation of microcolonies has been revealed by the method of dynamic morphometry in serial photographs obtained by time-lapse microfilming. Electron-microscopic autoradiography has allowed revealing dyssymmetry in the assimilation of exogenous H3-thymidine, H3-threonine, H3-asparaginic acid by different halves of shigella cells in the process of their growth and preparation for mytosis. These results suggest that the shigellae are divided into two unequal cells: the "mother" cell and the "daughter" one. PMID- 6805174 TI - [Immunoepidemiological study of the meningococcal carrier state in groups of children and adolescents]. AB - Immunoepidemiological study in groups of children of different ages was carried out. The study comprised the monthly bacteriological examination of the members of these groups and selective determination of the presence of specific meningococcal A- and C-antibodies, IgA, IgM and IgG in the blood serum, as well as the lysozyme activity of the saliva. The results thus obtained indicated that during the whole year two rises in the level of meningococcal carriership, in autumn and in spring, were registered, while the cases of meningococcal diseases were absent. The first rise was due to the influence of the conditions under which the groups had been formed, as well as to some decrease in specific immunity characteristics and nonspecific protective factors; the second rise occurred simultaneously with a considerable decrease in the content of specific meningococcal A- and O-antibodies. PMID- 6805179 TI - [Synthetic polymers as stimulators and prolonging agents of the immune action of the brucellosis protective antigen]. AB - Among a number of synthetic polymers under study polyvinylpyrrolidone was found to be most active in stimulating the immunogenic action of brucellosis protective antigen. It was also found that the polymer with a molecular weight of 490,000 had a longer stimulating effect on the protective properties of brucellosis protective antigen than the polymer with a molecular weight of 40,000. The intramuscular injection of brucellosis protective antigen had no sensitizing effect on the body and produced no pronounced local and systemic reaction. PMID- 6805181 TI - [Identification of nonspecifically agglutinating strains of enterobacteria]. AB - Eight nonspecific agglutinating enterobacterial strains have been classified with the definite taxon on the basis of the data obtained by the study of their biochemical and serological properties. The possibilities offered by the supplementary methods for the study of such strains in practical laboratories are discussed. PMID- 6805180 TI - [Characteristics of the antitoxic immunity in persons inoculated with chemical typhus vaccine]. AB - The determination of toxin-neutralizing antibodies in the sera of persons immunized with chemical typhus vaccine revealed that immunization made both in a single injection and in two injections resulted in the development of antitoxic immunity practically in all vaccinees. No toxin-neutralizing antibodies could be detected 6 months after immunization. The booster injection made at that period resulted in the development of antitoxic immunity which was as pronounced as that developing after primary immunization. In the blood sera of the vaccines the titers of toxin-neutralizing antibodies practically did not differ from those of complement-fixing antibodies. PMID- 6805183 TI - Penicillin amidase from Proteus rettgeri. AB - 1. Penicillin amidase from Proteus rettgeri was purified 580-fold by a four-step chromatographic procedure. Titration with phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride showed that the purified preparation contains 53% of the enzyme. 2. The molecular weight of the amidase was found to be 65.000. The enzyme is strongly inhibited by N bromosuccinimide and zinc ions. It hydrolyses penicillins, cephalosporins and some synthetic substrates, and in addition it catalyses synthesis of ampicillin from methyl ester of phenylglycine and 6-aminopenicillanic acid. 3. The immobilized amidase obtained by copolymerization of the chemically modified enzyme with acrylamide was applied for preparative hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin. PMID- 6805184 TI - Nucleoside Q in tRNA of yellow lupin (Lupinus luteus) seeds. AB - The nucleoside Q, 7-(4,5-cis-dihydroxyl-l-cyclopenten-3-yl-trans-aminomethyl)-7 deazaguanosine, was found in lupin seed tRNA. The nucleoside occurs in only one of the two histidine tRNA species, as proved by their chromatographic properties (RPC-5) following treatment with cyanogen bromide or periodate, and dihydroxyborylphenyl-succinamyl-aminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. PMID- 6805182 TI - [Modeling parkinsonism (review)]. PMID- 6805186 TI - Tumourigenesis: the subterfuge of selection. AB - Variation of rearrangement of regulatory genes is responsible for cellular malignant change. These types of chromosomal variations also produce heterochrony or paedomorphic evolution at the organismal level. Analogously, neoplasia represents a cellular 'macroevolutionary' event, and a tumour can be said to be an evolved population of cells. To understand this cellular evolution to malignancy, it may be necessary to go beyond a 'clonal selection' (adaptationist) explanation of neoplastic alteration. In the pericellular environment 'natural selection' consists of the organizational restraints of surrounding cells as well as the host's immunological surveillance and non-specific monocyte-macrophage systems. Indirect evidence suggests that success for the neoplasm depends not upon 'clonal selection', but solely upon a genetic methodology-the function of which is to elude selection. The author has coined the term 'cellular heterochrony' to illustrate analogic similarities in the molecular modes of speciation between anaplastic cancer cells and the heterochronic evolution of organisms. By reverting to juvenile (embryonic) repertoire of cellular behaviour a tumour secures its own tenure or niche by usurping the host's armamentarium of selection forces, employing many of the same or similar methods by which implanting and invading tissues of the mammalian embryo forestall maternal detection and rejection. A number of ways by which the tumour blocks, subverts or evades selection are discussed. PMID- 6805185 TI - The problem of automation in animal development: confrontation of the concept of cell sociology with biochemical data. AB - The principles of automation in animal development, as previously inferred from the concept of Cell Sociology do not fit in well with the current concept of sequential genet derepression. A more adequate explanation for those principles has been found in the literature dealing with the biochemical aspects of differentiation. Since oocytes and embryonic cells contain a greater variety of mRNAs than differentiated cells, as well as many tissue-specific (luxury) substances, it is concluded that the diversification of tissues consists of a progressive selection of specific metabolic strategies, mediated by cell-to-cell contacts, from a broad range of pre-existing strategies. For each tissue, prior to its final determination, one luxury metabolic strategy is progressively intensified and becomes dominant. The others are either suppressed or maintained as latent metabolic strategies. The latter may on occasion become dominant again (transdifferentiation). These phenomena require a theory which considers gene regulation as the activation of otherwise repressed genes by specific activator RNAs. The high (apparently maximal) transcriptional activity on the lampbrush chromosomes may represent the synthesis of all the kinds of activator RNAs which are required for the reactivation of the genes during early development. A general conception is propounded of the automatism and programming of animal development, as inferred from the confrontation of these ideas with the concept of Cell Sociology. PMID- 6805187 TI - Genetic consequences of variation in sib maturation schedules. PMID- 6805188 TI - Protein turnover in growing cultures of Bacillus megaterium. AB - A growing population of Bacillus megaterium, prelabelled with 14C-amino acids displays protein turnover, the rate of which is influenced by the growth rate. The size of the pool of short-lived proteins, degraded with a half-life of less than 1 h, is directly proportional to the mass doubling time during subsequent growth of the population. However, their degradation constant is almost the same under all conditions. The degradation constant of residual long-lived proteins is influenced by the growth rate. The labile fraction can be replenished by a combination of shift-up and shift-down treatments. Tetracycline decreases the size of the labile (short-lived) fraction and almost stops the degradation of long-lived proteins. Correlation of protein turnover and intracellular proteolytic activity indicates that other factors in addition to the proteinase are necessary for the degradation of short-lived, as well as long-lived proteins. PMID- 6805189 TI - Effect of thyroid hormones on tissue protein turnover. PMID- 6805190 TI - The mechanism of maturation-dependent breakdown of mitochondria in reticulocytes. PMID- 6805191 TI - Biological activity of aspartic proteinase inhibitors related to pepstatin. AB - We have synthesized eight tripeptide analogs of pepstatin in which both the side chain and stereochemistry of the novel amino acid statine have been altered. They have been compared to pepstatin for inhibition of pepsin and cathepsin D activity, inhibition of autolysis at pH 4, and inhibition of protein degradation in cultured cells. Effective inhibition of aspartic proteinase activity appears to require the novel amino acid to have a bulky hydrophobic side-chain and the S configuration at both chiral centers. However, the Cbz-Val-Val-(3S4S)-statine peptide was more effective than pepstatin in cultured cells, and inhibition was also achieved, and in some cases enhanced relative to pepstatin, by its stereoisomers and by tripeptides containing valyl and alanyl analogs of statine. PMID- 6805192 TI - Effects of blunt chest wall impact on the blood gases in the anaesthetized rabbit. PMID- 6805193 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi in the endometrium of infected mice. PMID- 6805194 TI - Ultrasonographic evaluation of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, (O.H.S.). AB - The Authors have considered the possibility of avoiding the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, (O.H.S.), in women undergoing treatment with ovulation inductors, (Clomiphene citrate and gonadotropin) by means of repetitive ultrasonographic scansion beginning from the eleventh day of the cycle. They have come to the conclusion that there should be a routine use of ultrasound in order to avoid the moderate and severe forms of this syndrome. PMID- 6805195 TI - [Jaundice after operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805196 TI - [Management of instrumental oesophageal perforations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805198 TI - Genetic regulation of the interaction of immunocompetent cells. PMID- 6805197 TI - The factors that influence twinning rates. AB - In a study carried out in an African population in Western Nigeria and a Caucasian population in Aberdeen, Scotland, it was found that DZ twinning rates varied with maternal age and parity, the MZ twinning rate remaining fairly constant. However, women aged 30-34 were found to have the highest rate in Western Nigeria whereas the peak in Aberdeen population occurred in the older age group, 35-39 years. Other factors that influenced DZ twinning rates were maternal height, social class and ethnicity (in the Nigerian population), and illegitimacy (in the Aberdeen population). No significant association was found between twinning and maternal blood groups or season of the year in either of the two populations. An important factor that also influenced twinning in the two populations was the maternal serum FSH level. The levels were much higher in the Nigerian population than in the Aberdeen population. Furthermore, in the Aberdeen population, twin-prone and non-twin-prone women had similar serum FSH levels, whereas the levels were much higher in twin-prone women in the Nigerian population. This finding is consistent with the fact that the Nigerian population has a much higher twinning incidence (approximately 50 per 1,000 maternities) than Aberdeen population (approximately 12 per 1,000 maternities). PMID- 6805200 TI - Clones with 3 Ph1 and 4 Ph1 in the terminal phase of three cases of chronic myeloid leukemia. AB - G-banded cytogenetic studies of 3 male patients in the terminal phase of chronic myeloid leukemia showed the following abnormalities: in the first case, the presence of a medullar cell line with 51 chromosomes and 3 Ph1; in the second case, a clone with 65 chromosomes and 4 Ph1, and in the third patient a clone with 53 chromosomes and 3 Ph1. In all 3 cases, G-banding revealed the Ph1 translocation to be of the usual type: t(9;22) (q34;q11) and there was discordance between the number of Ph1 and 9q+. There was no obvious correlation between the presence of multiple Ph1 and the clinical or cytological features. These 3 cases were detected as part of a recent G-banded cytogenetic survey of 9 individuals in the blastic phase studied by the authors. The frequency of multiple Ph1 observed in this sample of blastic-phase leukemia is unusually elevated, raising the question of the origin of such a high incidence. PMID- 6805199 TI - Serum ferritin during the course of chronic myeloid leukemia. Increase of serum ferritin as a marker of dyserythropoiesis. PMID- 6805201 TI - Tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase cytochemistry and classification of acute leukaemia. PMID- 6805205 TI - Circulating myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells in malignant osteopetrosis. AB - Osteopetrosis is a congenital disease in which the bone marrow is replaced by osteoid, resulting in secondary extramedullary hematopoiesis. In 3 patients with osteopetrosis, circulating myeloid and erythroid progenitors were assayed. Erythroid burst-forming units were increased above normal by a factor of five and the myeloid colony-forming units were increased by a factor of ten. Myeloid cluster-forming units and erythroid colony-forming units, the more differentiated progenitor cells normally found only in the bone marrow, could also be detected in the peripheral blood of the 3 patients. The appearance of the differentiated progenitors in the peripheral blood suggests that extramedullary hematopoietic sites, in contrast to the bone marrow, may release progenitor cells more readily into the circulation. If this is the case, culturing progenitor cells may provide a sensitive noninvasive laboratory test to determine the presence of extramedullary hematopoiesis. PMID- 6805204 TI - Comparison of 3H-diisopropyl fluorophosphate and 32P-diisopropyl fluorophosphate for neutrophil kinetic studies. PMID- 6805203 TI - Retrospective analysis of treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia in patients more than 55 years old. PMID- 6805202 TI - Dual receptors in acute lymphoblastic leukemias. PMID- 6805206 TI - A pool of native alpha-chains in guinea pig reticulocytes. PMID- 6805207 TI - Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin study in beta-thalassaemic patients. PMID- 6805208 TI - Normal prostacyclinlike activity and response to plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: report of 2 cases. AB - 2 cases of acute idiopathic thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are reported. Both of them were treated with plasma exchange, antiplatelet drugs and prednisolone and both completely recovered. Plasma exchange appeared to be the critical treatment. In 1 of these cases the prostacyclinlike activity released from venous tissues and the ability of plasma to stimulate synthesis of prostacyclinlike activity from venous tissues exhausted after repeated washings were investigated. Both activities were detectable and comparable to those of a healthy control. These findings do not support the hypothesis of a major role played by the prostacyclin system in the pathogenesis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6805210 TI - Spontaneous remission in acute myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 6805209 TI - Hemolytic uremic syndrome after bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6805212 TI - Incidence of circulating anticoagulants in a normal population. PMID- 6805211 TI - Giant marker chromosome in Fanconi's anemia transforming into erythroleukemia in an adult. PMID- 6805213 TI - Immune complexes in pleural fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients. PMID- 6805215 TI - Hyperthyroidism following mantlefield irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6805214 TI - Platelet aggregate ratio in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6805217 TI - Hemoglobin Koelliker (alpha 2 minus 141 arg beta 2) in favism. PMID- 6805216 TI - Can acetaminophen cause hemolysis in G6PD deficiency? PMID- 6805218 TI - Marker chromosome 14q+ in a case of Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia in lymphoid blastic crisis at presentation. PMID- 6805219 TI - Splenic infarction in a white boy with sickle cell trait. PMID- 6805220 TI - The ANAE reaction pattern of reticular stromal cells of lymphatic organs from normal and hydrocortisone--treated mice. AB - The pattern of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in stromal and lymphatic cells has been examined in lymphatic organs from normal and hydrocortisone (HC)-treated mice. The distribution of ANAE-positive lymphocytes as well as stromal cells in peripheral lymphatic organs was different in T- and B dependent regions, while in the thymus there was the difference between cortex and medulla. The HC application evoked a marked changes in the pattern of ANAE positive cells distribution of the thymus, producing only a slight ones in the remaining organs. The influence of HC on the ANAE reaction intensity and distribution in the examined tissue sections is discussed. PMID- 6805221 TI - Cytochemical study of chromatin changes in Purkinje cell population as markers of rat cerebellar histogenesis. AB - In the population of rat cerebellum Purkinje cells, Feulgen-DNA contents higher than 2c are present starting from the 9th to the 12th day of postnatal life. This stage of histogenesis corresponds to the time when other histological and cytochemical parameters suggest that important functional changes are taking place in the cerebellum. Hyperdiploid values (H2c) gradually increase during the subsequent histogenesis, involving also the physico-chemical state of chromatin. The key steps of histogenesis suggested by our investigations might be a starting point of reexamine the problem of tritiated thimidine incorporation, in order to demonstrate the possible synthesis of extra-DNA. PMID- 6805222 TI - [Fluorescence histochemical investigations on the carbohydrate metabolism of the rat brain (author's transl)]. AB - The Regio frontalis posterior of the motor cortex of adult rats was investigated by means of the fluorescence-PAS-reaction. Using various Schiff-type-reagents - substituted with acriflavine, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, safranine T - a fluorescent reaction product has been found in different amounts in the pyramidal neurons and in other cellular elements. After application of acriflavine different degrees of PAS-reactivity could be demonstrated in various cortices. Dexamethasone affected an increase of the fluorescent reaction product in individual pyramidal neurons. Ideas on the possible reaction mechanism after application of various Schiff-type-reagents have been proposed. PMID- 6805223 TI - Immunoreactive glucagon in neurons of various parts of the human brain. Demonstration by immunofluorescence technique. AB - The presence of glucagon-like immunoreactivity in nerve cells of different parts of the human brain was demonstrated by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. A bright fluorescent reaction was observed in the pyramidal cells of lamina V of the Neocortex. Less prominent concentrations of the glucagon-like material were detected in a few pyramidal cells of the Hippo-campus and in some neurons of the Presubiculum and Subiculum. Within the Corpus amygdaloideum, only a few magnocellular neurons showed a positive reaction. The Hypothalamus was evidenced by a moderate, but widely distributed, reaction in magnocellular and medium-sized nerve cells in different nuclei (especially Nuc. ventromedialis and Nuc. arcuatus). A strong immunofluorescence was localized to some neurocytes in the Nuc. amibigus, and Nuc. n. hypoglassi. The Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex were free from immunoreactive material, but fluorescence occurred in some very small nerve cells of the Cerebellum (probably granular cells). A dependence of the strength of immunofluorescence of the time delay between autopsy and death is shown. PMID- 6805224 TI - A loss of GABAergic hippocampus innervation in rats with cobalt-induced epilepsy demonstrated by Wolman's fluorescence method. AB - The topohistochemistry of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was studied in the hippocampus of rats with epileptiform activity provoked by cortical implantation of cobalt-agar pellets and in control rats with implanted agar-pellets. Using the GABA specific fluorochroming procedure of Wolman (1971) a distinct decrease of GABA fluorescence was found especially in the pyramidal and granular layer, but only in the animals with a typical epileptiform activity of the EEG. The results support the hypothesis that there is a lack of GABAergic inhibition in epileptic individuals, but the anticonvulsive effect of GABA depends on structural and functional relations in the specific type of seizure. PMID- 6805225 TI - High-resolution autoradiographic study on the presence of chromatin structures within interchromatin granule conglomerations. AB - In Ehrlich ascites tumour cell nuclei ledakrin (1-nitro-9/3' dimethylpropyloamine/acridine-2 HCl) induces condensation and margination of chromatin, compaction and segregation of nucleolar components and conglomeration of chromatin granule clusters. Localization of DNA in nuclei of the cells labelled with 3H-thymidine and subsequently treated with ledakrin is studied using high-resolution autoradiography. Besides strong labelling of condensed chromatin some radioactivity is associated with IG conglomerations. Possible role of chromatin fibrils in the formation of conglomerations of IG is discussed. PMID- 6805226 TI - Age dependent changes in the isolated chondrocytes nuclei as revealed by acid hydrolysis of DNA. PMID- 6805227 TI - [Melanosis cerebelli of human. A contribution of the pigment composition. Neutron activation analysis and investigations of the atom absorption spectrometry (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805230 TI - [Effect of non-thyroid diseases on serum concentrations of hormones of the thyroid function regulatory cycle]. PMID- 6805232 TI - [Proposals in the social assistance and labor plans of the program for the prevention and control of leprosy in Catalonia, presented to the Counsel of General Health, for the Action Group against Leprosy and the JAL Institute]. PMID- 6805228 TI - An HRP study on the distribution of all nuclei innervating the supraoptic nucleus in the rat brain. AB - Detailed histochemical studies have been performed on the distribution of the nuclei innervating the supraoptic nucleus (SO) in the whole brain after horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections through fine glass micropipettes (2 to 8 micrograms ) into the SO of 39 Wistar strain rats. The chromatogenic reaction was carried out according to the Mesulam's (1976) No. 8 procedure. Successful HRP injections resulted in labeling in various regions of the brain. The following conclusions were drawn from the analysis of these successful cases. All the nuclei of the subthalamus and posthypothalamus innervate the SO whereas only a few neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate and ventromedial nuclei probably send axons to it. The afferent monoaminergic fibers arise largely from the B7 and B8, and to a certain extent from the A6 and A10 cell groups. The septum, diagonal band nucleus and amygdala project directly to the SO while the olfactory tubercle and pyriform cortex may not. The mesencephalic central gray has a high possibility to project directly to it. The possibility that the hippocampus sends axons to the SO remains to be fully proven. A few small multipolar cells clearly revealed by the test in the SO should be non-secretory intercalated neurons. PMID- 6805229 TI - Histological and histochemical investigations on the Langerhans' islets of the frog (Rana ridibunda). AB - The Langerhans' islets of the frog Rana ridibunda are built up of A, B, and D cells like other vertebrates. The phospholipids (Baker's test) are located in the capillary pole of the B-Cells, where also beta-granules are present. In the cells of the endocrine pancreas there is found also some quantity of glycogen, but the reaction for zink is negative. The quantity of RNA in the cytoplasme of the islet's cells is minimum. PMID- 6805231 TI - [Evaluation of the campaign against leprosy in Senegal]. PMID- 6805233 TI - [Results of bacilloscopy practiced on 360 leprosy patients, treated for over 5 years by sulfone monotherapy and examined at Bamako (Mali)]. PMID- 6805235 TI - [Immunostimulation with BCG lepromin. Preliminary notes]. PMID- 6805236 TI - [Evolution of the campaign against leprosy in the French-speaking countries of West Africa and members of the Organization for the Coordination and Cooperation for the Campaign against the Major Endemic Diseases. Initial results in the pilot zone of Bougouni (Mali)]. PMID- 6805237 TI - [Therapy of tuberculoid and borderline leprosy by specific progressive desensitization to lepromin. Comparison between the classic method of progressive dilutions and the use of lepromin retard in aluminum hydroxide]. PMID- 6805238 TI - [Efficacy of a daily dosage of dapsone combined with a single dose of rifampicin. Clinical, bacteriological and histopathological evaluation]. PMID- 6805234 TI - [Clinical and paraclinical aspects of secondary drug resistance to 4-4' diaminodiphenylsulfone in a population of leprosy patients in Bamako, Republic of Mali]. PMID- 6805239 TI - [Is there a reactivation of cellular immunity in erythema nodosum leprosum?]. PMID- 6805242 TI - Progestogen effects and their relationship to lipoprotein changes. A report from the Oral Contraception Study of the Royal College of General Practitioners. AB - The Oral Contraception Study of the Royal College of General Practitioners is a long-term, controlled, prospective survey which is not in its 14th year. The substantial data accumulated permits assessment of the effects of particular brands upon morbidity. We have shown that the progestogen content of the Pill is associated with the incidence of hypertension, benign breast disease and, more important, of total arterial disease. The data support the findings of other investigators who have shown that progestogens lower HDL-cholesterol levels and that low HDL-cholesterol increases the risk of arterial disease. The implications are that the progestogen content of an oral contraceptive and the relative potency of estrogen and progestogen it contains must be considered carefully not only in terms of present clinical practice, but also in terms of the direction of new Pill formulation development. PMID- 6805240 TI - [Surgical treatment of the paralytic leprous foot. Apropos of 8 cases treated in New Caledonia]. PMID- 6805241 TI - Randomized prospective studies on metabolic effects of oral contraceptives. PMID- 6805244 TI - Does progestogen reduction in oral contraception parallel reduced lipid metabolic effects? AB - Twelve young fertile women participated in a cross-over design study whose purpose was to evaluate the effect on lipid metabolism induced by two sequential contraceptive preparations. Sequilarum (50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol + levonorgestrel where the levonorgestrel dose is varied from 50 micrograms during the first 11 days up to 125 micrograms during the lst 10 days of the cycle) was compared with Ovanone (50 micrograms of ethinylestradiol for 22 days with the addition of 2.5 mg lynestrenol during the last 15 days of the cycle). Serum triglycerides, phospholipids, free and total cholesterol were determined, and also was the level of these lipid components in ultracentrifugally isolated lipoprotein lipids. The relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. As expected, both of these preparations are predominantly estrogenic in their effects on lipoprotein metabolism, since both raise serum and VLDL triglyceride levels. The absence of any substantial influence on HDL cholesterol should probably be interpreted as a modifying effect of the progestogen component of both preparations. As to the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin the shift induced in palmitic and stearic acids was the same as found in earlier studies when 17C-alkylated exogenous sex steroids were administered, i.e. an increase in the palmitic acid concomitant with a decrease in the stearic. PMID- 6805243 TI - Effects of the estrogenicity of levonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol combinations of the lipoprotein status. AB - Ninety-eight women seeking contraceptive advice were randomly allocated to 6 months of treatment with one of the following four combinations of ethinylestradiol (EE) and levonorgestrel (NG): 20/250, 30/250, 30/150, and the so called triphasic drug. The EE/NG ratios were 0.08, 0.12, 0.20 and 0.36 respectively. Blood lipids, HDL-cholesterol and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were determined twice before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of medication. Plasma triglyceride levels were moderately elevated in all groups, with the highest increase in the women taking the triphasic drug. The HDL cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol to cholesterol ratios were both markedly reduced, by 20/250 and 30/250, while 30/150 and the triphasic drug caused only minor reductions. The mean change in HDL-cholesterol showed a good correlation with the mean changes of SHBG (r = 0.916) and with the EE/NG ratios (r = 0.979). It is concluded that both SHBG and the EE/NG ratio may be used as an index of the estrogenicity of a combined oral contraceptive drug. As reduced HDL-cholestrol levels and HDL-cholesterol to cholesterol ratios have been shown to be directly correlated to the risk of developing ischemic cardiovascular disease it would seem important that the estrogenicity of such a drug should be sufficiently high. PMID- 6805247 TI - Involvement of tendons in inherited diseases. PMID- 6805245 TI - Ultrastructure of cervical mucus and sperm penetration during use of a triphasic oral contraceptive. AB - Scanning electron microscopy and a capillary tube sperm penetration test were used to study the cervical mucus of women using a triphasic oral contraceptive supplying a varying dosage of estrogen and gestagen during the cycle. The findings were compared with those of healthy women having regular cycles and not using contraception. Generally speaking, the ultrastructure of the cervical mucus was dense during medication, like that found in normal luteal phase. No conspicuous changes occurred with different dosages of estrogen and gestagen. For the control cycles a loose structure of the cervical mucus was found on the days prior to the temperature rise, after which a dense structure was predominant. The sperm penetration of the cervical mucus was low during medication, being less than 6 mm/h. For the controls, a high sperm penetration rate was found on the days prior to the temperature rise, while it was low in the luteal phase. The progestogenic type of cervical mucus produced by the medication at all dosages, probably contributes to contraceptive effect. PMID- 6805248 TI - Induction of leukochemotaxis, primary skin inflammation and local Shwartzman reaction by Neisseria gonorrhoeae extract. AB - The leukochemotactic activity of ultrasonicate of the N. gonorrhoeae strain 8551 was studied by in vitro and in vivo experiments. No chemotactic activity was observed with extract incubated in Gey's solution alone or with heat-inactivated rabbit serum. Activity attracting polymorphonuclear cells was generated on injection of the extract into chambers implanted subcutaneously in rabbits, and in vitro when incubated with fresh rabbit serum, normal guinea pig serum or serum deficient in C4. Chemotactic activity was not observed on incubation with mouse serum deficient in C5. The extract showed pronounced activity in the preparing of rabbits for the local Shwartzman reaction and in inducing primary skin inflammatory reaction. Gonococci this contain chemotaxigens that induce chemotaxin production by means of complement activation via the alternative pathway, and these or other components initiate strong inflammatory responses in vivo. PMID- 6805246 TI - [The plasma coagulation system in various stages of acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6805249 TI - Experimental endocarditis in rabbits. 5. Results of long-term penicillin or streptomycin treatment of streptococcus faecalis endocarditis and the effect of long-term exposure of healthy rabbits to the same drugs. AB - A previously described model of experimental Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis in rabbits without an indwelling catheter during the infectious processes was used to study the effect of long-term treatment with antibiotics. Groups of animals infected with six different strains were treated for four weeks and the following parameters were determined: survival rate, bacterial concentration in blood and vegetations, signs at autopsy indicating congestive heart failure. Before the therapeutic experiments, the tolerance of the rabbit to long-term exposure of the drugs penicillin and streptomycin was considered in a group of non-infected animals. Two out of 20 rabbits died with enteritis during the penicillin exposure, and a general weight reduction was observed. Streptomycin was apparently completely harmless. There was no therapeutic effect of streptomycin on S. faecalis endocarditis due to strains all designated resistant to streptomycin by MIC, except in rabbits infected with a strain, which showed partial susceptibility to the drug by IC50. Regardless of the therapeutic effect, evidence was obtained for rapid development of increased resistance of the infecting strains towards streptomycin. After long-term treatment with penicillin in either low or high dose some of the animals survived and the valves were sterilized in 37% of the animals after low-dose and in 39% after high-dose. It was observed that congestive heart failure occurred with the greatest frequency and intensity after infection with proteolytic strains. PMID- 6805252 TI - Reliability of the plaque assay to determine the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum. AB - A plaque assay for determination of the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the complement-dependent bactericidal activity of normal human serum was evaluated. The method was found to be rapid and easy to perform. All strains, which gave a positive result by the plaque assay, were serum-sensitive in a quantitative assay, whereas only 78% of strains giving negative results by the plaque assay were true serum-resistant. The growth of a few gonococcal strains was inhibited, i.e. formed plaques, after exposure to genuine as well as to heat inactivated normal human serum. PMID- 6805251 TI - Improved medium for the transportation of gonococcal specimens. AB - A modification of Stuart medium, denominated SIFF transport medium, was compared with Stuart (Ringertz's modification), Amies and SBL transport media for its ability to preserve viability of gonococci during transport. The SIFF medium was superior both when using laboratory strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and when using clinical specimens. The new transport medium distinguishes itself mainly by an increased osmotic pressure and by its starch content. PMID- 6805250 TI - Experimental endocarditis in rabbits. 6. Results of long-term combined therapy of Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis with penicillin and streptomycin. AB - The synergistic action of penicillin and streptomycin was investigated on animals with experimental endocarditis, using the previously described model and four different strains of Streptococcus faecalis. Two strains represented a moderate and two strains a high level of resistance to streptomycin. The purpose was to determine the effect of the combined penicillin and streptomycin treatment, since previous in vitro investigations showed that strains highly resistant to streptomycin were also resistant to combination of the drugs. Antibiotic treatment of the animals was carried out for 28 days, followed by a period of four weeks observation. The treatment resulted in a demonstrable effect against infection caused by the least streptomycin-resistant strain, but was completely ineffective in rabbits infected with the strain homogeneously resistant to 8000 micrograms/ml streptomycin. The synergistic effect of penicillin and streptomycin towards strains within a range of streptomycin resistance of 2000-8000 micrograms/ml could be predicted by the IC50 test, but not by MIC or the in vitro killing curve test for synergism. Besides the therapeutic results, this report also considers the following features: pathoanatomic and physiologic processes related to the number of viable bacteria in the endocardial vegetations; the influence of the proteolytic capacity of infecting strains; the development of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6805253 TI - Studies on Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from test-of-cure specimens. Correlation between the in vitro susceptibility to penicillin and the sensitivity to the complement-dependent bactericidal activity of normal and convalescent human serum. AB - Sixty-seven out of 88 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from test-of-cure (TOC) specimens during a five-months' period were included in the study. For 62 patients sufficient information was obtained in order to distinguish between relapse (34 ptt) and re-infection (28 ptt). For comparison with strains from these two groups of patients, 63 urogenital and 21 pharyngeal gonococcal strains isolated during the same period of time were randomly selected. The distributions according to susceptibility to penicillin for TOC strains and control strains corresponded to those found for the total number of TOC strains (275) and other strains (3,345) tested in 1979, respectively. The TOC strains did not differ from the control strains in sensitivity to the complement-dependent. The TOC strains did not differ from the control strains in sensitivity to the complement dependent bactericidal activity of normal human serum. However, gonococcal strains less susceptible to penicillin in vitro (MIC values within the range 0.1 2.0 microgram/ml) were significantly more sensitive to the complement-dependent activity of normal human serum (P less than 0.01) than strains fully susceptible to penicillin (MIC less than 0.01 microgram/ml.) Penicillin-resistant strains (MIC greater than 2.0 microgram/ml) did not differ from strains susceptible to less than 0.1 microgram penicillin/ml and were slightly more serum-resistant than the less susceptible strains (P less than 0.05). No difference in serum sensitivity of urogenital and pharyngeal isolates could be demonstrated. The level of bactericidal activity of homologous convalescent serum was unrelated to the presence of antibodies either to gonococcal pili or crude gonococcal antigen preparations. The sensitivity to normal human serum of a certain strain was not correlated with sensitivity to homologous convalescent serum. PMID- 6805254 TI - Factors influencing human polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Divalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+) regenerated chemiluminescence (CL) of zymosan stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) abolished by 0.1 mM EGTA. Phenol red, erythrocytes and free haemoglobin reduced CL. To obtain maximal CL response, the reaction mixture should contain small amounts of protein and glucose. High protein concentrations reduced CL. The test had a pH optimum of 7.1. With respect to stability, however, the most favourable pH was 7.4. The CL response was highly temperature-dependent, and expressed as the initial rate constant of the CL time curve it increased linearly with increasing temperatures from 20 to 37 degrees C. Several factors influence the CL response by human PMNs and test procedures should be standardized. PMID- 6805256 TI - [Phenoxyacetamide derivatives with potential anti-inflammatory action]. PMID- 6805257 TI - Malignant evolution of asymptomatic monoclonal IgM after seven and fifteen years in two siblings of a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6805258 TI - The action of (-) deprenyl on monoamine turnover rate in rat brain. PMID- 6805255 TI - The effect of food on the oral absorption of penicillin V preparations in children. AB - The oral absorption of pc V in different preparations, given at various times before and after a meal, was investigated in children with upper respiratory infections. The best absorption with respect to peak concentration was observed when potassium pc V (Calciopen) was given after at least two hours of fasting with no food intake within the following hour. Shorter periods of fasting (1, 1/2, 0 hrs) before drug intake resulted in significantly lower plasma concentrations. When drug intake was followed by a meal, the absorption was also decreased to some extent. When pc V was given in an oil suspension (Fenoxypen), or in a small volume (Roscopenin) together with a meal, the peak concentration was significantly lower than when pc V was given in an aqueous solution with a larger volume (Calciopen). PMID- 6805259 TI - Comparative antioestrogen action in experimental breast cancer. PMID- 6805260 TI - Studies of the protective properties of gastric mucus. PMID- 6805261 TI - Mucus and gastric acid-bicarbonate interaction. PMID- 6805262 TI - Endocervical changes in the guinea pig after treatment with 17-beta - oestradiol and 9,10 dimethylbenzanthracene. PMID- 6805263 TI - Histamine-stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in rat brain microvessels. AB - The histamine-sensitivity of prostacyclin and prostaglandin synthesis was investigated in isolated brain microvessels prepared from normal and hypoxic exercised rats. 10(-4) M histamine stimulated the in vitro synthesis of all components of arachidonate cascade. The chronic hypoxic exercise also resulted in an enhanced production of each fraction. Hypoxia and histamine showed an additive effect in the synthesis of PGE2 only. The possible molecular mechanism induced by hypoxia and histamine is discussed. PMID- 6805265 TI - Eosinophil diamine oxidase activity in acute inflammation in humans. AB - Eosinophil diamine oxidase, histaminase, activity was assayed in acute inflammatory states and correlated to disease activity. Correlation to serum and urine histamine, metabolites of histamine and granulocyte histamine metabolizing enzymes was also studied. Using a radiochromatagraphic assay, diamine oxidase, histaminase, activity was determined in human peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with acute inflammatory states including active asthma, cold-induced urticaria and parasitic infestation; eosinophils from non-active asthmatic patients and normals were used as controls. Eosinophils were purified over a metrizamide discontinuous (16-30%) gradient. Total eosinophils were purified over a metrizamide discontinuous (16-30%) gradient. Total eosinophil histaminase activity was increased two- to three-fold in patients with active disease and returned to lower levels in eosinophils from patients without active disease or with treated disease. Thus, the induction of eosinophil histaminase might be a control mechanism for the inflammation induced by histamine during these acute inflammatory states. PMID- 6805266 TI - Diamine oxidase activity and imidazoleacetic acid formation in the foetal and maternal guinea pig liver. AB - Diamine oxidase activity and imidazoleacetic acid formation in the foetal and maternal guinea pig liver during gestation were examined. DAO activity and IMAA formation in the foetal liver increased continuously, while maternal enzyme activity and ImAA formation in the second half of pregnancy simultaneously decreased. The roles of GABA and ImAA are discussed. PMID- 6805264 TI - Inhibition of plant and mammalian diamine oxidase by substrate analogues. AB - Imidazoles, aliphatic substrate analogues and the natural dipeptides, carnosine and anserine, were investigated as inhibitors of diamine oxidase from the pig kidney, human pregnancy plasma and pea seedlings. Imidazole, methylimidazoles, N acetylimidazole, histamine and N tau-methylhistamine are relatively potent inhibitors of mammalian diamine oxidase showing no influence on plant enzymes. Anserine and carnosine are inhibitors of pig kidney and pea seedling enzymes. Ki values are 2 microM and 10 microM respectively. Investigated natural derivatives of putrescine and cadaverine have no influence on diamine oxidase of different origin. In conclusion, we present some evidence to suggest that mammalian diamine oxidase, despite a high reaction rate with putrescine, is better adapted to histamine oxidation, whereas for plant enzymes the diamines are preferred substrates. PMID- 6805267 TI - Effect of antibiotics on the development of immune response in the organism of animals. IV. Rabbit experiments with a Brucella vaccine (B19) and its heat inactivated variant. PMID- 6805268 TI - Changes of acid-base balance in Holstein-Friesian calves during the first two days after birth. PMID- 6805269 TI - Assessment of the parameters controlling the acid base status of newborn calves. A modification of van Slyke's equation. PMID- 6805270 TI - Anti-dysenteric and growth-promoting effect of virginiamycin in pigs. PMID- 6805274 TI - Patterns of edema in tumors vs. infarcts: visualization of white matter pathways. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) scans of 339 patients with recent nonhemorrhagic cerebral infarct and 155 patients with supratentorial tumors were reviewed to evaluate the appearance of cerebral edema. White matter pathway edema characterized the CT pattern in 106 (68%) of the 155 tumor cases. In these 106 cases, there were 143 tumors, with edema in the arcuate white matter (73%), the external capsule (33%), the internal capsule (12%) and the corpus callosum (14%). In contrast, only four of the 339 cases of infarct had edema in the white matter pathways. In addition, 260 (77%) of the infarct cases had edema in both gray and white matter and 98% had at least gray matter involvement, while only two of the tumor cases had any gray matter edema. White matter pathway involvement with respect to tumor site is useful in differentiating tumor and infarct edema. PMID- 6805273 TI - Contact thermography of spinal root compression syndromes. AB - A thermographic technique is described that uses cholesteric liquid crystals that change color in response to variations in surface temperature. The crystals are embedded in elastic flexible sheets that conform to the contours of the torso and extremities. The technique is well suited to temperature measurement of individual skin dermatomes and myotomes. Typical heat patterns emanating from the torso and extremities have been observed and correlated with root compression syndromes at low cervical and low lumbosacral levels. The imaging results correlate well with clinical and surgical findings, particularly when the extremity dermatomes are included. The technique objectively documents the subjective complaint of pain and approaches myelography in accuracy. It was in agreement with myelography in 86% of cases and with surgery in 95% of cases. Liquid crystal thermography may, therefore, effectively screen patients of myelography and can complement it in identifying clinically significant abnormalities. PMID- 6805272 TI - Computed tomography and myelography of the postoperative lumbar spine. AB - Postoperative myelographic changes in the thecal sac, epidural tissues, and bony canal, as well as nerve roots, may be difficult to interpret. A series of 32 postoperative patients, all of whom had a metrizamide myelogram and subsequent lumbar computed tomogram, was reviewed to examine the ability of computed tomography to recognize abnormalities when the myelogram is equivocal or uninterpretable. Criteria to distinguish recurrent herniated disk from postoperative changes are presented, including the demonstration of mass densities similar to and in continuity with the intervertebral disk. In 12 reoperated cases, five recurrent herniated disks and two new herniated disks were diagnosed and confirmed. In 20 nonreoperated cases, no recurrent herniated disks were identified, although two new herniated disks were found at levels not believed clinically significant. Computed tomography after metrizamide myelography appears to be a reliable technique for distinguishing abnormalities in the postoperative spine. PMID- 6805271 TI - The hyperechogenic liver in children: cause and sonographic appearance. AB - The clinical records of 28 patients seen in one institution during a recent 2 year period who, on sonography, had been identified as having a hyperechogenic (bright) liver were reviewed. Seven children were diagnosed as having metabolic diseases, four were malnourished, four were receiving hyperalimentation, 10 were receiving chemotherapy, and three were undiagnosed. The sonograms of all the patients and the histologic sections on those who had biopsies, were reevaluated in order to assess the sonographic pattern in greater detail, and these findings were correlated with fatty infiltration and fibrosis of the liver. The bright liver corresponded to the pathologic finding of fatty change. This sonographic finding in children is important, as further evaluation (hepatic biopsy with fat stain, enzymatic analyses, amino acid screens) can be suggested to identify underlying metabolic disorders in those not on therapy. Often the complications of metabolic diseases can be prevented or delayed by early diagnosis and appropriate therapy. PMID- 6805275 TI - Atrial diverticula in severe hydrocephalus. AB - Massive ventricular dilatation causes stretching and dehiscence of the fornix with formation of unilateral or bilateral pial pulsion diverticula of the inferior medial wall of the atrium. Enlargement of the pial pouch creates a dramatic subarachnoid cyst that may herniate downward through the incisura into the lateral mesencephalic, precentral cerebellar, and superior vermian cisterns where it displaces the brain stem, vermis, and fourth ventricle. Lateral ventricular diverticula may be identified and distinguished from the dilated fourth ventricle and dilated suprapineal recess, with which they are so commonly confused, when all of the following signs are apparent on computed tomography (CT): (1) marked unilateral or bilateral atrial dilatation; (2) focal dehiscence of the medial atrial wall; (3) ipsilateral shortening of the tentorial band in axial section; (4) focal defect in the tentorial band in coronal section; (5) draping of the medial atrial wall over the free margin of tentorium, with continuity of cerebrospinal fluid density around the edge of tentorium in axial and/or coronal sections; (6) bowing of the crus (or crura) of fornix; (7) separation of fornix from splenium, with visualization of the hernia ostium; (8) asymmetrical position of the choroid plexi, which attach to and define the lateral borders of the fornices; (9) contralateral displacement of the internal cerebral veins; and (10) septa separating diverticulum from third ventricle PMID- 6805276 TI - Malignant meningiomas: CT and histologic criteria, including a new CT sign. AB - Histologic features that could be correlated with malignancy were assessed by reviewing the microscopic slides of 167 meningiomas. Six tumors had shown two or more recurrences. In three having three or more recurrences, the number of mitoses counted under high power was higher than in those meningiomas showing clinically benign behavior. The radiologic and histologic features of seven meningiomas showing malignant clinical behavior and/or malignant histologic features were also evaluated and correlated. On computed tomography (CT), most of the malignant meningiomas were moderately hyperdense before contrast enhancement, but showed no or minimal calcification. Marked perifocal edema was common. Indistinct tumor margins or, occasionally, deeply extending fringes of tumor interdigitating with brain substance, marked bone destruction, or prominent pannus or tumor, extending well away from the globoid mass, termed "mushrooming," is described for the first time and seems to be the most useful correlate of histologic or clinical malignancy. This sign occurred in five of the seven cases and was absent in about 250 benign meningiomas reviewed. It was visible only at surgery in one additional case. PMID- 6805277 TI - Investigation of extracranial cerebral arteries by intravenous angiography: report of 1,000 cases. AB - Intravenous angiography is a a safe, rapid, simple examination, which, with sonography, is complementary in selecting patients for conventional angiography. This examination is not designed to replace conventional angiography, but, rather, to study high-risk stroke patients, patients with asymptomatic cervical bruit, or postoperative patients. Improvements in contrast media, film subtraction, the use of oral anesthesia with viscous lidocaine, and the technique of cooling the contrast medium have made the procedure more successful. A review of 1,000 examinations was undertaken to determine the accuracy of the technique and to emphasize technical points. Excellent results, comparable to conventional angiography, were obtained in 50.3% patients and good results in 32%. Poor or uninterpretable results were obtained in 17.7%. These were secondary to either patient movement or the presence of venous reflux or statis of contrast medium. PMID- 6805278 TI - Carotid blood flow in man determined by video dilution technique: II. Vascular abnormalities. AB - Carotid blood flows were evaluated in 31 individuals with vascular abnormalities using the video dilution technique. In patients with stenoses, angiographically estimated at 70%, blood flow was usually, but not always, measured less than normal. The technique proved to be useful in the evaluation of the efficiency of collateral arterial pathways and in the evaluation of superficial temporal-middle cerebral arterial bypass grafts. It was also helpful in estimating contralateral increase in arterial flows with cross compression techniques for the preoperative evaluation of patients subjected to carotid sacrifice. In a limited number of patients video dilution flows correlated with the degree or proximal arterial spasm and were useful in the preoperative study of these patients. The demonstration of flow abnormalities in patient with seizure disorders may be useful in the medical and surgical management of these individuals. PMID- 6805281 TI - Radiologic evaluation of tumors of the optic nerve. AB - The case material of 42 patients with primary tumors of the optic nerve and chiasm examined at our institution within a 10 year period was reviewed. In each case, the radiologic data and certain clinical information were compiled to determine the role of radiology in the workup of patients with these tumors and to compare the results of various imaging methods. Although different types of information are obtained from each method, late-generation computed tomography provides the most useful and complete information about optic nerve gliomas and intraorbital optic nerve meningiomas. Angiography is also helpful in the evaluation of intracranial optic nerve meningiomas. PMID- 6805283 TI - Embolization of a dural arteriovenous malformation using Gianturco coils. PMID- 6805280 TI - Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants: sonographic-pathologic correlation. AB - Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is the most common central nervous system abnormality in premature infants. In this report the cranial sonographic and pathologic findings of 25 autopsied premature infants are correlated. The presence and size of subependymal, intraventricular, and intraparenchymal hemorrhage were well documented by sonography. Cerebellar, choroid plexus, and cortical hemorrhage, though less frequent, were also recognized. There was good correlation as to the presence and degree of hydrocephalus. Prominent subarachnoid spaces on sonography correlated poorly with subarachnoid hemorrhage at autopsy and may be a normal variant in the premature infant. Anoxic brain damage was not diagnosed early by sonography unless associated with hemorrhage, but diffuse brain atrophy with hydrocephalus exvacuo was detected by sonography. PMID- 6805282 TI - Circulatory variations of the ophthalmic artery. PMID- 6805279 TI - Intraoperative sonography of meningiomas. PMID- 6805284 TI - CT-guided stereotaxis using a modified conventional stereotaxic frame. AB - Computed tomographic (CT)-guided stereotaxic procedure have become established in a few major centers but a single optimal system has not yet emerged. At Duke University Medical Center, availability of a stereotaxic frame with design features that lend themselves to CT adaptation made modification of this unit, rather than construction of a new dedicated frame, cost-effective. As other centers may seek to modify available stereotaxic equipment in a similar way, this report documents the modifications ans the early clinical experience in four patients in whom CT-guided stereotaxic biopsy procedures were performed. PMID- 6805285 TI - Head immobilizer for digital video subtraction angiography. PMID- 6805286 TI - Comparative dosimetry of high-detail computed tomography using the Siemens Somatom-2 and complex motion tomography for examination of the sella turcica. PMID- 6805287 TI - The significance of nitroglycerin-induced changes in ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. AB - The potential of nitroglycerin for improving global and regional ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction and predicting serial change in ventricular function at the time of hospital discharge was investigated. Equilibrium multiple gated blood pool scintigrams were performed at rest before and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin in 18 patients an average of 36 hours after infarction and again at discharge. Global right and left ventricular function and regional left ventricular function of infarct and noninfarct zones were determined scintigraphically. In the early study nitroglycerin increased both mean (+/- standard deviation) left ventricular ejection fraction (0.51 +/- 0.15 to 0.55 +/- 0.15 ; p less than 0.02) and mean right ventricular ejection fraction (0.42 +/- 0.14 to 0.47 +/- 0.13; p less than 0.05). Left ventricular ejection fraction significantly increased in 5 of the 18 patients. It increased late in five of the six patient who exhibited an increase early after nitroglycerin but in only 2 of the 12 patients who did not exhibit an early increase (p less than 0.06). Regional ejection fraction in the infarct zone increased late in 7 of the 12 patients who exhibited an early increase after nitroglycerin and in none of the 6 who did not exhibit an early increase (p less than 0.05). Both right and left ventricular global ejection fraction and regional ejection fraction showed little late responsiveness to nitroglycerin. Early after infarction, sublingual nitroglycerin improved left, right and regional ejection fraction at the infarct site in some patients. These nitroglycerin-induced changes predicted those patients whose global ventricular function and regional left ventricular function at the infarct site improved late. PMID- 6805289 TI - Tissue storage of vitamins A and E in rats drinking or infused with total parenteral nutrition solutions. AB - The total parenteral nutrition (TPN) rat and its sham-operated control were used as a model to compare the metabolism and storage of vitamins A and E when they are administered intravenously or orally. Male Fisher rats were depleted of both vitamins for several months with a diet free of vitamins A or E, but containing retinoic acid for growth. TPN solutions containing aqueous dispersions of retinol, retinyl palmitate and dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate were infused at 2.3 ml/h into the jugular veins of 10 TPN rats. Eight sham-operated control rats drank similar volumes from food cups. TPN rats received 115.3 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- SEM) micrograms of retinol equivalents and 2.2 +/- 0.2 mg of alpha-tocopherol equivalents per day; controls received 146.4 +/- 16.5 micrograms and 2.1 +/- 0.3 mg, respectively. After 7 days the animals were fasted overnight and killed. Plasma levels of retinol were 27.8 +/- 1.5 micrograms/dl for TPN rats, and 27.4 +/- 1.2 for controls. Plasma alpha-tocopherol was 1909 +/- 183 micrograms/dl for TPN rats and 1063 +/- 77 for controls. The only forms of the vitamins found in plasma after overnight fasting were unesterified retinol and unesterified alpha tocopherol. Sham-operated control rats stored amounts of vitamins A and E similar to values reported in the literature for fed animals. TPN rats stored more of both vitamins than controls in liver, heart, and spleen, but not in testes. The enhanced liver vitamin storage by TPN rats did not appear to be due to a slight increase in lipid content. The results indicate that both vitamins A and E infused in TPN solutions maintain blood levels and are stored in tissues. PMID- 6805290 TI - Reduced alternative complement pathway control protein levels in anorexia nervosa: response to parenteral alimentation. AB - Serum levels of 16 proteins, including 11 component and control proteins of the complement system were determined before and after nutritional repletion in five female patients with severe malnutrition secondary to anorexia nervosa. Before parenteral alimentation significantly decreased serum levels were found for IgG, IgM, transferrin, Clq, C2, C3, factor B, beta lH, C3b inactivator, properdin, and C4 binding protein. A significant increase in posttreatment serum levels compared with pretreatment levels were found for transferrin, C3, factor B, beta lH, and C3b inactivator. Of the proteins measured, the C3b amplification loop control and component proteins, beta lH, C3b inactivator, C3, and factor B rose to the normal range in response to therapy most rapidly. In the absence of an acute phase reaction, these proteins appear to be particularly good indices of malnutrition and its response to therapy. PMID- 6805288 TI - Serum vitamin level maintenance in cancer patients on total parenteral nutrition. AB - The quantity of water and fat soluble vitamins required to maintain serum levels in cancer patients on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has yet to be determined. A prospective evaluation of our current intravenous vitamin regimen during TPN was performed in order to define these requirements. Seventy-five patients receiving 97 TPN courses for seven to 60 days were studied. Serum levels of vitamins A (74 courses), B12 (85), folate (62), C (97), and 25-OH-cholecalciferol (25-OH-D) (9) were available for analysis. Daily vitamin intakes were recorded and serum levels were determined weekly. Restoration and maintenance of normal mean serum vitamin levels were achieved for all but 25-OH-D. However, analysis of individual courses in previously depleted patients revealed that serum levels were not restored in three patients (4%) for vitamin A and six patients (66%) for 25-OH-D. A TPN regimen designed to provide the following weekly vitamin quantities: A: 21,000 IU, D: 2100 IU, C: 3500 mg, B12: 126 micrograms, and folate: 7 mg will maintain mean serum vitamin levels for all but 25-OH-D. This regimen has the ability to uniformly restore and maintain vitamins B12, C, and folate in all patients but not in those patients previously deficient in vitamins A and D. PMID- 6805291 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with parenteral amino acid and dextrose infusion. AB - A patient receiving parenteral nutrition with an amino acid dextrose solution developed hypercalcemia which seemed related to the rate of nutrient infusion. In a retrospective study of patients receiving parenteral nutrition over a 3-month period six of 72 (8%) developed hypercalcemia. After changes in infusion rate there were corresponding changes in the serum calcium concentration. There was a significant correlation between the serum calcium concentration and the average infusion rate over the preceding four days (p = 0.012). This was even more significant (p less than 0.005) when ionized calcium was calculated to diminish the effects of calcium binding by proteins. PMID- 6805293 TI - Deficiencies of essential and conditionally essential nutrients. PMID- 6805292 TI - Effects of prolonged, purine-free total parenteral and enteral nutrition on urate homeostasis in man. AB - The influence on human urate homeostasis of prolonged, totally purine-free nutritional support, using total parenteral (TPN) or elemental enteral (EN) nutrition, is not well known. In a prospective study, we measured weekly serum uric acid, renal urate excretion and clearance, together with parameters of hydration, in 58 normally hydrated patients receiving prolonged (15 to 170 days) purine-free TPN (30 patients) or EN (28 patients) for various gastrointestinal disorders. A marked, early and sustained decrease (p less than 0.001) in serum uric acid was observed in TPN (155 +/- 9 mumol/l at day 7 versus 318 +/- 13 mumol/l before nutrition, mean +/- SEM) as well as in EN patients (192 +/- 11 mumol/l at day 7 versus 320 +/- 16 mumol/l before nutrition), together with a significant (p less than 0.01) rise in renal urate clearance. The urate clearance/glomerular filtration rate ratio increased significantly, while there was no significant change in natremia or plasma osmolarity. Serum urate and urate clearance returned to normal within 8 days of refeeding with a normally purine containing diet. Replacement of TPN by EN or vice versa, or substitution of glucose by fructose resulted in no change in hypouricemia. A 4-day oral supply of purines (125 mg/day) in EN patients was associated with a 53% rise (p less than 0.01) in serum urate. We conclude that prolonged, purine-free TPN and elemental EN are a new cause of marked hypouricemia which is mainly due to increased urate clearance, the mechanism of the latter is still poorly known, but is not related to extracellular volume expansion. PMID- 6805294 TI - Critical evaluation of the role of clinical assessment and body composition studies in patients with malnutrition and after total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6805295 TI - Nutritional assessment before surgery. PMID- 6805298 TI - Muscle mass: reliable indicator of protein-energy malnutrition severity and outcome. PMID- 6805296 TI - Nutritional assessment of the pediatric patient including the low birth weight infant. PMID- 6805297 TI - Transport proteins as indices of protein status. PMID- 6805299 TI - Effects of nutritional status on immunological function. PMID- 6805300 TI - An approach to the conceptualization and assessment of social-emotional functioning in studying nutrition-behavior relationships. PMID- 6805301 TI - Indicators for identifying and counting the improperly nourished. PMID- 6805303 TI - Neutrophil functions during total parenteral nutrition and Intralipid infusion. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been associated with an increased incidence of infection. To assess the hypothesis that TPN, and in particular one of its constituents, the rat emulsion Intralipid, might impair host defense, we investigated in vitro migration, bactericidal functions, and chemiluminescence of the neutrophil granulocyte in four patients with Crohn's disease, given TPN for up to 12 wk. No abnormal values were found during TPN, but both before and after, impaired migration was noted. Further, 10 volunteers were given 10% Intralipid (85 ml/h), and in blood samples obtained 2 h after discontinuation of the infusion, enhancements were recorded for migration stimulated with serum and the maximal chemiluminescence response (p less than 0.05, respectively). Thus, neither during TPN nor infusions of Intralipid were impairments of neutrophil migration or bactericidal functions noted, and it is suggested that other factors than effects on neutrophils must be sought to explain susceptibility to infection during TPN. PMID- 6805302 TI - Aluminum loading during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Patients on long-term total parenteral nutrition were found to have elevated aluminum (AI) levels in bone, and plasma, with the casein in the total parenteral nutrition solution the source of A1. Substitution of amino acids for casein was followed by a fall in urinary and plasma A1. Thus, parenteral loading with A1 increases tissue A1, particularly in bone. Whether A1 accumulation contributes to bone disease remains unclear, but the prolonged use of casein in total parenteral nutrition solutions may be inadvisable. PMID- 6805304 TI - Enteral nutrition by nasogastric tube in adult patients treated with intensive chemotherapy for acute leukemia. AB - In this study, nutritional status 3 wk after starting 20 induction course of chemotherapy with enteral nasogastric tube feeding was compared to the nutritional status after 35 courses with a normal oral hospital diet. Tube feeding consisted of 2000 to 3000 cal daily of a hospital made pasteurized formula or sterile Nutrison RTS. In the group fed by nasogastric tube the mean weight loss was significantly smaller (p less than 0.01) and there were fewer patients with a severe weight loss of more than 5% during the first 3 wk (p less than 0.01) than in the hospital diet group. Serum albumin reduction of more than 10% was present in 4/20 and 23/35 for each group respectively (p less than 0.01). Bacterial contamination occurred in the pasteurized hospital-made formula which led to Pseudomonas septicemia in one patient. During a short-term catabolic state (3 wk) sterile feeding by nasogastric tube can prevent weight loss and hypoalbuminemia in most patients. Bacteriological control of the food and supply system is mandatory in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 6805305 TI - Hexamethylmelamine and prednisone in the treatment of refractory multiple myeloma. AB - Hexamethylmelamine (280 mg/m2) daily for 21 days every 28 days was given, with prednisone 75 mg on days 1-7, to patients with multiple myeloma failing to respond to, or relapsing from, previous therapy. All patients had received the same dose of prednisone in their previous treatment regimen. Among 65 evaluable patients, 35% achieved a response of some objective improvement or better. An additional 19% showed stabilization of progressive disease. Responses were achieved both in patients resistant to initial therapy and those relapsing after a response. Median survival was 10.3 months for the entire group with responding patients having significantly longer survival than nonresponders. The major toxicities are gastrointestinal and neurologic with hematologic toxicity less severe. The drug appears to have true antimyeloma tumor effect and warrants consideration for further study in combination with other agents in initial treatment. PMID- 6805306 TI - Thyroid hormones in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6805307 TI - Clinical laboratory evaluation of the thermonuclease test. AB - Simultaneous testing for clumping factor, coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, and thermonuclease was performed on 189 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci with strong catalase activity to determine the suitability of the thermonuclease test as a routine procedure for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Positive reactions to all four tests were exhibited by 72 of the strains while 88 of the isolates gave uniformly negative results. Although discrepancies were found between the reactions of 29 organisms, differences were found between the reactions of 29 organisms, differences between tube coagulase ant thermonuclease results were rare. Greater than 90% of positive reactions for both tube coagulase and thermonuclease tests were detected within a four-hour incubation period. The thermonuclease test was found to be simple, reliable, inexpensive and rapid. This test gave easily interpretable reactions within an eight-hour workday, even when only one or two isolated colonies were used for testing. The thermonuclease test is well suited for use as a primary clinical laboratory procedure for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6805310 TI - Small bowel adenocarcinoma associated with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6805308 TI - Factors affecting acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Pre-staining conditions that affect alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in peripheral blood lymphocytes have been evaluated. The effects of different fixatives, pH of fixation, pre-fixation storage time and length of fixation have been compared with regard to maximal preservation of ANAE activity in peripheral T-cells. PMID- 6805309 TI - A collaborative study on the suitability of commercial, assayed plasmas for one stage factor VIII assays. AB - A collaborative study was carried out to determine the suitability of commercial assayed plasmas for one-stage factor VIII assays. Activated partial thromboplastin times were performed on successive days on serially diluted paired freeze-dried reference plasmas (one sample buffered with HEPES), a freeze-dried test plasma and local laboratory standards-commercial assayed plasmas and in house frozen pooled plasmas calibrated against commercial plasmas. The factor VIII activity levels of the study reference plasmas relative to average normal plasma were arrived at cumulatively by assaying them against a large number of individual fresh normal plasmas. Estimates of the activity of the test plasma relative to the claimed activity of local standards showed significant discrepancies from the expected value. However the estimates were more precise when the activity was assessed relative to the activity of the local standards derived by calibration against the reference plasmas. The study also showed that a HEPES buffered reference plasma may not contribute to inter-laboratory variability of one-stage factor VIII assays. PMID- 6805311 TI - Zenker's diverticulum as a cause for loss of drug availability: a "new" complication. PMID- 6805313 TI - Cholangitis and pancreatitis due to juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum. Endoscopic sphincterotomy is the other alternative in selected cases. PMID- 6805312 TI - Controls of gastric secretion. A roadmap to the choice of treatment for duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6805314 TI - An outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans related to diagnostic tracer procedures. AB - In December, 1978, an investigation was undertaken to determine the source of infection in five patients in one hospital with hospital-associated bacteremia due to Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Review of their records showed that each had a diagnostic tracer procedure preceding the bacteremia and that no other procedures were common to all. Further investigation revealed that patients from three other hospitals were studied using diagnostic tracer materials from the index hospital. Five patients with confirmed A. xylosoxidans bacteremia and four suspected cases were identified in these hospitals, and all had a scan before the bacteremia was detected. No other A. xylosoxidans isolates were identified in any of the hospitals in the preceding two years. Although not confirmed, the source appeared to be stored non-bacteriostatic saline. Effective control measures included a sterility testing program and use of pre-packaged single dose vials of saline. Diagnostic tracer studies should be added to the list of procedures known to cause hospital-acquired bacteremias. PMID- 6805315 TI - Familial T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: association with Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis and Gardner syndrome. AB - A family is described in which three of seven siblings developed a T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Tumor cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, lacked surface Ig, and expressed human T- but not B-lymphocyte antigens. They lacked the enzyme terminal transferase suggesting a lymph node rather than thymic T-cell origin. Autopsy findings supported this conclusion. All three sibs, like their father, had numerous cafe'-au'lait spots indicative of Von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. One child had a subcutaneous fibroma, and another had multiple colonic polyps and exostoses characteristic of Gardner syndrome. Both are autosomal dominant conditions known to predispose to malignancies. The genetic factors responsible for these conditions may also predispose to the development of "post-thymic" T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. PMID- 6805316 TI - A rapid quantitation of platelet-associated IgG by nephelometry. AB - Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was measured by a simple rapid nephelometric technique using washed solubilized platelets and commercially available, prestandardized reagents. Normal subjects with normal platelet counts had PAIgG levels of 2.1-6.7 fg/platelet. Subjects with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) had levels of 7.2-43.3 fg/platelet. Ninety percent of ITP patients had values exceeding 2 SD units of the mean of normal subjects. Elevated values were also found in 17% of patients with recovered ITP, patients with SLE with and without thrombocytopenia, patients with thrombocytopenia occurring during septicemia, and patients with IGg myeloma. Results can be obtained within several hours of receipt of blood specimen, and are similar to the reports that used more complex techniques. PMID- 6805317 TI - Biochemical genetics of human blood group ABO system. PMID- 6805320 TI - Stability of valproate sodium syrup in various unit dose containers. AB - The stability of valproate sodium syrup repackaged in three types of unit dose containers was studied. Two-millimeter samples of commercial valproate sodium syrup 250 mg/5 ml (of valproic acid) were packaged in polypropylene oral syringes, glass oral syringes, and glass vials (126 of each type). These were stored at 4, 25, or 60 degrees C and assayed for valproic acid concentration using gas chromatography at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 90, and 180 days. Polypropylene syringes that were stored for 180 days at 4 and 25 degrees C were rinsed and put in chloroform 50 ml; valproic acid concentration was determined daily for 12 days. Valproate sodium syrup repackaged in glass oral syringes and glass vials retained 95% of valproic acid label claim after storage at 4 and 25 degrees C for 180 days, while valproate sodium syrup repackaged in polypropylene oral syringes did not retain 90% of label claim after storage for 20 days at 4 or 25 degrees C. All samples stored at 60 degrees C had greater loss than those stored at lower temperatures. An average of 86% of the drug lost from the polypropylene syringes was recovered in 12 days during the desorption experiment (range 80-92%). Repackaging valproate sodium syrup in unit dose glass vials or glass syringes resulted in retention of 95% of valproic acid label claim after storage for 180 days at 4 and 25 degrees C. Repackaging of this drug product in polypropylene oral syringes is not recommended. PMID- 6805318 TI - An unusual case of blood group ABO inheritance: O from AB X O. AB - An unusual blood group inheritance, that is, a phenotype O child from AB X O parents, was found in a Japanese family. Since two other children from the parents are blood type B, this is not a case of Cis-AB inheritance. The mother is not blood A/B chimera, and normal levels of blood group N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (A-enzyme) and galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) were detected in her plasma. Therefore, the mother is genetically true AB heterozygous. The two sons with phenotype B had normal levels of plasma B-enzyme, but had no A-enzyme, and the father and the daughter with phenotype O had neither A- nor B-enzyme in their plasma. The analyses of 24 genetic marker systems indicated that the O daughter was a true child of the parents. The affirmative probability of parentage on the O daughter was calculated to be .9999999917 by Bayes' theorem. We concluded that the genotype of the O daughter was not the usual 00, and that this rare O expression might be due to a new structural mutation or a deletion in either maternal A or B gene during oogenesis. PMID- 6805319 TI - Detection of heterozygotes for familial lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency. AB - "Rocket" immunoelectrophoresis using specific anti-lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) antiserum showed no immunoreactive protein in two patients with familial LCAT deficiency. Subnormal quantity of plasma LCAT was found in the maternal grandmother, the parents, and in two of four siblings of the patients (3.3-3.4 mg/l vs. 5.4 +/- 0.5 mg/l in 12 controls). The immunochemical quantitation of the enzyme correlated well (r = .93) with LCAT activity in an artificial substrate assay. These two methods allow detection of heterozygotes for LCAT deficiency. PMID- 6805321 TI - Microbiologic quality assurance for intravenous admixtures in a small hospital. AB - A simple, inexpensive method for end-product testing of intravenous admixtures for microbial contamination was developed and tested by challenging the system with low levels of microbial contamination. The 16-step procedure for testing i.v. admixtures for microbial contamination used total-sample membrane filtration A 0.2-micrometers Nalgene filter unit was used; the entire contents of randomly selected admixtures were to be filtered and discarded under the procedure. Filters were incubated on sheep-blood agar plates for 48 hours at 35 degrees C. Low concentrations (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to contaminate admixtures deliberately to challenge the system. Seventy-two solutions were contaminated with each microbe; 72 other solutions were inoculated with sterile 0.9% sodium chloride; and 72 uninoculated solutions served as controls. Filtration was performed on a laboratory bench to prevent contamination of the laminar-flow hood. In deliberately contaminated solutions, a mean of 82% of inoculated organisms was isolated by membrane filtration. Five instances of adventitious contamination were noted among the 288 samples; these occurred across all experimental groups. Cost per sample was $4-5. This system can be used by hospital pharmacists to produce documentation of quality assurance that will be acceptable in terms of cost, simplicity, and accuracy. PMID- 6805322 TI - Evaluating vendor responses. AB - The process of evaluating computer vendors' responses to a request for proposal (RFP) is described. The steps involved are (1) reviewing vendor proposals, (2) attending vendor presentations (3) reviewing references, (4) visiting vendor clients, (5) reviewing vendor stability, and (6) making the decision. The primary purpose of reviewing proposals is to reduce the number of vendors under consideration. Vendors' proposals should be attended by representatives of all affected departments, and each vendor's presentation should be discussed with the RFP or RFP extension as a guide. Interviewing users of a system helps determine how the system works in practice and how accurately the vendor has represented his product. Likewise, visiting selective vendor clients, without the vendor representative being present, helps establish whether the persons actually using the system like it and find it easy to use. A vendor's stability can be best determined by examining its financial stability and its commitment to the pharmacy product. Making the selection requires elimination of vendors that do not meet minimum requirements, rating the remaining vendors numerically, and deciding which features of each system are most desirable. The vendor selection process provides an opportunity to thoroughly study an operation and helps set priorities for the department. PMID- 6805323 TI - Distal renal tubular acidosis with intact capacity to lower urinary pH. AB - The sine qua non for the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis requires that the urinary pH cannot decrease maximally during systemic acidosis. A defect in distal acidification however, could also result from a decrease in the capacity (or rate) of distal hydrogen ion secretion. In this type of defect, the ability to lower the urinary pH during acidemia could be preserved as long as a certain capacity for hydrogen ion secretion remained. In this report, we describe four patients with deranged distal urinary acidification, in whom urinary pH was able to decrease (4.99 +/- 0.11) during acidemia. One of the patients had hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis whereas the remaining three were not spontaneously acidotic. In these patients, the defect for distal urinary acidification was disclosed by the inability of the urine-blood pCO2 gradient to increase normally (i.e., above 30 mm Hg) during bicarbonate loading. In contrast, a normal increase in the urine-blood pCO2 gradient was observed in each patient in response to neutral sodium phosphate infusion. The reabsorptive capacity of bicarbonate was not depressed in these patients, which indicated that the acidification process in the proximal nephron was intact. We propose that our four patients had a defect in distal urinary acidification caused by a reduction in the rate of distal hydrogen ion secretion rather than an inability to generate a steep pH gradient across the distal nephron. Our data also suggest that the inability to raise urinary pCO2 normally during sodium bicarbonate loading may be the most sensitive index of decreased distal urinary acidification available. PMID- 6805324 TI - Molecular basis of fever in humans. AB - This review presents several areas of research on the pathogenesis of fever in humans and updates new information concerning the role of fever in host defense mechanisms. Fever is mediated by a polypeptide of phagocytic cell origin called leukocytic pyrogen. Several agents and disease processes are associated with the synthesis and release of leukocytic pyrogen. Although the original studies on leukocytic pyrogen suggested that the neutrophil was the primary source, recent experiments indicate the mononuclear phagocyte to be the major producer of leukocytic pyrogen. The mechanism by which human monocytes are stimulated to produce leukocytic pyrogen is discussed, including the effects of corticosteroids, estrogens and antipyretics on the synthesis of leukocytic pyrogen in vitro. The ability of leukocytic pyrogen to alter the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center by increasing arachidonic acid metabolite levels is the most likely mechanism by which leukocytic pyrogen initiates fever. Antipyretics prevent the synthesis of certain cyclooxygenase metabolites, which accounts for their ability to reduce fever. Studies on the chemical and physical properties of human leukocytic pyrogen are reviewed and form the basis for current experiments on the similarities between leukocytic pyrogen and lymphocyte activating factor. These studies suggest that leukocytic pyrogen, in addition to producing fever, also stimulates non-hypothalamic cells involved in aspects of the acute-phase response. In this regard, leukocytic pyrogen may be an important mechanism for host defenses. Hyperthermia may also be beneficial to the host but is distinct from fever; the role of leukocytic pyrogen as well as hyperthermia as a defense mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6805325 TI - Usefulness outcome in evaluating the utility of nuclear scans of the bone, brain, and liver in bronchogenic carcinoma patients. AB - In this study we employed the concept of the outcome audit to assess the "benefit" (in contrast to the number of positive readings) derived from 81 bone, 45 brain, and 47 liver scans, performed on 59 bronchogenic carcinoma patients. Benefit was rigorously defined and based on any outcome instrumental in the subsequent management of the patient. Clinically indicated scans were frequently found to be of benefit, while those without indications were not (88.0% vs. 12.5%). Negative scans were as useful as positive scans if clinically indicated (14.0% vs. 9.6%). Histology did not influence the likelihood of benefit. We conclude that scans obtained to evaluate a clinical abnormality are likely to be useful whether positive or negative while scans ordered without specific clinical indications are unlikely to be of management benefit. PMID- 6805328 TI - Prostaglandin-mediated dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6805327 TI - Non symptomatic hypercalcemia in a myeloma patient. AB - An asymptomatic hypercalcemic IgG-Kappa myeloma patient is presented. A calcium IgG complex was isolated and purified from the serum by column chromatography. Following further purification on a Sepharose protein A column, the IgG-Kappa molecule did not contain any detectable amount of calcium, indicating that calcium is loosely bound to IgG. The monoclonal IgG demonstrated a strong calcium binding capacity in vitro. The calcium-IgG complex in the serum was shown not to be saturated and thus could absorb more ionized calcium. In view of the presence of an abnormal monoclonal IgG capable of binding excess calcium, and the fact that the asymptomatic patient did not respond to the antihypercalcemic drugs, the treatment was stopped. PMID- 6805330 TI - Intrauterine pressure changes during dysmenorrhea therapy. AB - The treatment of primary spasmodic dysmenorrhea with prostaglandin synthetase/receptor site inhibitors such as mefenamic acid (Ponstel) is becoming accepted. Recent improvements in intrauterine pressure recording have made the acquisition of reliable, physiologic data possible. These data have been used to provide objective evaluation of the effectiveness of drug therapy as part of a larger subjective investigation. Analysis of these data shows that mefenamic aid causes rapid, dramatic reductions in parameters of uterine pressure and work. Complete loss of uterine contractile activity was found in 46.2% of patients. Subjective relief was obtained in all patients receiving mefenamic acid in this sample. PMID- 6805326 TI - Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: A cause of cataracts and tendon xanthoma. AB - Patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis may present with adolescent-onset cataracts and tendon xanthomas, and can have progressive neurological, myocardial, pulmonary, and endocrine dysfunction leading to death. The disease is inherited as an autosomal recessive and results in increasing deposition of cholesterol and cholestanol in vital organ systems; the primary biochemical abnormality is a block in bile acid synthesis which is manifested by a diminished pool of chenodeoxycholic acid. Replacement therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid may reduce cholesterol and cholestanol production. PMID- 6805329 TI - A freestanding ambulatory surgical unit: a success or failure? AB - The concept of a freestanding ambulatory surgical center was to provide the patient with a more cost-effective, safe, and convenient service. A study of 5,369 surgical patients treated at the Northeast Louisiana Surgical Center, Inc., in Monroe, Louisiana, was carried out to determine whether these objectives had been met. The finding was that a freestanding ambulatory surgical center was more cost effective than either a hospital ambulatory unit or an in-hospital service. The infection rate was 0.06%, and the hospital transfer rate was 0.04%. The concept of freestanding ambulatory surgical center has fulfilled the expectations of safety, convenience, and cost effectiveness for the patients. PMID- 6805333 TI - Modulation by adrenalectomy and fasting of insulin effects in perfused hindlimb muscle. AB - Perfused hindlimb muscle from fed adrenalectomized rats accumulated more 2 deoxyglucose at submaximal concentrations of insulin in comparison to muscle from fed normal rats. However, in the fasted state, insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake was largely inhibited by adrenalectomy. Basal 2-deoxyglucose uptake did not differ between fed and fasted normal or adrenalectomized rats. The changes in insulin effects caused by adrenalectomy were due to altered hexose transport as shown by measurements of 3-O-methylglucose uptake and of intracellular free and phosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose. Muscles of fasted normal and fed or fasted adrenalectomized rats showed higher basal glycogen synthase --glucose-6 P/+glucose-6-P activity ratios than those of fed normal rats probably because of decreased glycogen content. However, muscles from fed or fasted adrenalectomized rats did not show any alterations in insulin effects on the activity ratio and half-maximal activation constant (A0.5) for glucose-6-P of glycogen synthase. Because of the dissociation of the effects of insulin on hexose transport and glycogen synthase in muscle of fasted adrenalectomized rats, it is concluded that the impairment in insulin-stimulated hexose transport in these animals is due to a defect lying beyond the interaction of insulin with its receptor. PMID- 6805331 TI - Spontaneous sweat secretion in calcium-free strontium medium. AB - Sr2+ substitutes for Ca2+ in methacholine (MCH)-evoked sweat secretion in isolated simian eccrine sweat glands, but four to eight times greater concentrations of Sr2+ were required to achieve the same effect as did a given Ca2+ concentration. In Ca2+-free Sr2+ medium the anticholinergic effect of atropine was reduced by about four orders of magnitude. In the Sr2+ medium, spontaneous sweat secretion (SSS) was also observed in the absence of any pharmacological stimuli. SSS occurs slowly, reaching a plateau after 30 min incubation. The maximal SSS is a saturation function of Sr2+ concentration reaching a maximum at 8 mM. Sr2+-induced SSS was inhibitable by removal of Sr2+, low bath temperature (10-14 degrees C), ouabain (5 X 10(-6) M), and D 600 (10(-3) M). Ca2+ was found to inhibit Sr2+-induced SSS, but a Schild plot for the Ca2+ and Sr2+ dose relationship failed to show a slope of unity. The data suggest that Sr2+-induced SSS represents actual secretory processes, which are triggered by Sr2+ leaking into the cell through as yet undefined membrane channels. PMID- 6805332 TI - A simple method for the accurate determination of free [Ca] in Ca-EGTA solutions. AB - A simple method for the accurate determination of free [Ca] in ethyleneglycol bis(beta-aminoethylether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)-buffered Ca solutions is described. This method is useful for calibration of Ca macro- and microelectrodes to low free [Ca] and should improve the reliability of calculated free [Ca] in more complex solutions. Briefly, free [Ca] in Ca-EGTA solutions is measured with a Ca electrode, bound Ca is calculated, and Scatchard and double-reciprocal plots are resolved for the total [EGTA] and the apparent Ca-EGTA association constant (K'Ca) in the solutions used. The free [Ca] is then recalculated using the determined parameters, giving a more accurate knowledge of the free [Ca] in these solutions and providing an accurate calibration curve for the Ca electrode. These solutions can then be used to calibrate other Ca electrodes (e.g., Ca microelectrodes) or the calibrated Ca electrode can be used to measure free [Ca] in solutions containing multiple metal ligands. This method allows determination of free [Ca], K'Ca, and total [EGTA] in the actual solutions used regardless of pH, temperature, or ionic strength. It does not require accurate knowledge of K'Ca or EGTA purity and circumvents many potential errors due to assumption of binding parameters. K'Ca was found to be 2.45 +/- 0.04 X 10(6) M-1 in 100 mM KCl, 10 mM N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid, and 1 mM EGTA at pH 7.00 and 23 degrees C. Total [EGTA] varied with supplier but was always less than quoted. PMID- 6805334 TI - Direct evaluation of the permeability of the rat proximal convoluted tubule to CO2. AB - Conflicting data exist regarding the ability of the rat proximal convoluted tubule to maintain a transepithelial gradient for CO2 and the effects of carbonic anhydrase on CO2 permeability. The present in vivo microperfusion experiments were designed to assess the ability of the rat proximal tubule to sustain a CO2 gradient between tubule lumen and peritubular blood. Tubules were perfused at rates ranging from 10 to 100 nl/min with isotonic sodium chloride containing no CO2. Peritubular capillary and intraluminal PCO2 was measured during microperfusion with PCO2 microelectrodes to allow determination of the transepithelial CO2 gradient. The mean PCO2 measured in peritubular capillaries of control rats was 60.6 +/- 1.9 mmHg. Since the perfusion solution initially contained no CO2, a gradient of 60 mmHg was imposed across the tubule epithelium. Intraluminal PCO2 rapidly approached that of the surrounding capillaries. At a tubule perfusion rate of 20 nl/min, the gradient between lumen and blood decreased to 0.9 mmHg, a value not significantly greater than zero. The calculated CO2 permeability coefficient (KCO2) was 3.69 X 10(-5) cm2/s. Addition of either 10(-4) M acetazolamide or benzolamide did not prolong the rapid dissipation of the imposed CO2 gradient. The KCO2 during carbonic anhydrase inhibition was not significantly different from control values. It is concluded that the rat proximal tubule does not present a physiologically significant diffusion barrier to CO2 either in the presence or absence of carbonic anhydrase activity. The previously demonstrated acid disequilibrium pH in the proximal tubule during inhibition of carbonic anhydrase represents an intraluminal accumulation of carbonic acid rather than of carbon dioxide gas. PMID- 6805335 TI - Proximal reabsorption during metabolic acidosis in the rat. AB - The mechanism by which proximal volume reabsorption is reduced during hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was studied using free-flow micropuncture techniques in Munich-Wistar rats. Compared with control hydropenic conditions, absolute rates of proximal total CO2 and water reabsorption rates during NH4Cl induced metabolic acidosis were diminished: from 557 +/- 35 to 204 +/- 19 pmol/min and from 13.0 +/- 1.0 to 9.7 +/- 0.6 nl/min, respectively. Inhibition of proximal volume reabsorption during metabolic acidosis was not attributable to alterations in the reabsorptive Starling forces, since peritubular capillary oncotic and hydraulic pressures were normal, or to acidemia itself, since acute respiratory acidosis was not found to decrease reabsorption. When partial repair of the acidosis was achieved by NaHCO3 infusion, absolute reabsorption of both total CO2 (390 +/- 48 pmol/min) and water (12.2 +/- 1.1 nl/min) significantly increased despite modest extracellular volume expansion. NaCl infusion in acidotic animals had no restorative effect on volume reabsorption. Mean values for single nephron glomerular filtration rate were similar under all conditions. Absolute chloride reabsorption tended to correlate better with absolute bicarbonate reabsorption and, hence, with the magnitude of the chloride concentration gradient developed than with the filtered chloride load. In conclusion, absolute proximal volume reabsorption during metabolic acidosis and its partial repair correlated with the absolute magnitude of bicarbonate filtered and reabsorbed. It is proposed that proximal volume reabsorption may be regulated, at least in part, by the anion composition of the glomerular ultrafiltrate. PMID- 6805336 TI - Evidence for persistent activation of cardiac slow channels in low-calcium solutions. AB - Action potentials were recorded from frog ventricular strips superfused with calcium-free solutions. Very long action potentials (3-60 s) were induced by chelating residual calcium with 1-5 mM ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethylether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). The kinetics of changes in action potential duration suggest that calcium influences action potential duration at an intracellular site. In low-calcium solutions isoproterenol was found to lengthen action potentials. The lengthening effect of isoproterenol became progressively greater as [Ca2+] was reduced by elevating [EGTA]. In the presence of 2 mM EGTA, 0.1 microM isoproterenol increased action potential duration from 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 43 +/- 14 s. Verapamil produced a greater than 90% reduction in the duration of very long action potentials (60 s) induced by EGTA, isoproterenol, or both. After rapid or prolonged depolarizations in low-calcium solutions the last 10-30 mV of repolarization took 10-15 s. We speculate that this slow phase of repolarization may be a manifestation of persistent slow channel activation. The data suggest that in low-calcium solutions slow channels can remain activated for many seconds. PMID- 6805337 TI - Response of cerebral blood flow to changes in PCO2 in fetal, newborn, and adult sheep. AB - Developmental effects on the response of cerebral blood flow (Qc) and cerebral O2 consumption (CMRO2) to changes in CO2 tension were assessed in unanesthetized fetal, newborn, and adult sheep. Blood flow was measured using the radioactive microsphere technique. CMRO2 was calculated as the product of Qc and the difference in O2 content between arterial and sagittal sinus blood (CaO2 -- CVO2). The response of Qc to changes in arterial CO2 tension increased from fetus [3.53 +/- 0.56 ml.100 g-1.min-1.mmHg PaCO2(-1) (SE)] to newborn (5.16 +/- 0.59) to adult (6.20 +/- 0.63). Only the fetal-adult difference was significant (P less than 0.05). It has been suggested that developmental differences in CO2 responsiveness of cerebral blood flow are the result of differences in CMRO2. We corrected for differences in CMRO2 by looking at the response to CO2 of the variable 1/(CaO2--CVO2). According to the Fick principle 1/(CaO2--CVO2) = Qc/CMRO2, i.e., blood flow per unit O2 consumption. The fetal response was not significantly different from the newborn, but the adult was significantly different from both (P less than 0.05). Thus the difference in CO2 response of cerebral blood flow between fetus and adult cannot be explained by differences in CMRO2. PMID- 6805340 TI - Demeclocycline in the prophylaxis of self-induced water intoxication. AB - Demeclocycline, a competitive inhibitor of antidiuretic hormone at renal tubules, was studied in a patient with the syndrome of psychosis, psychogenic polydipsia, and episodic water intoxication. Under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions, demeclocycline substantially reduced the severity and frequency of hyponatremic episodes. PMID- 6805339 TI - Lithium prophylaxis of depression in unipolar, bipolar II, and cyclothymic patients. AB - The authors assessed lithium's prophylactic effect against depression in unipolar (N = 43), bipolar II (N = 102), and cyclothymic (N = 69) patients using a longitudinal life-table analysis and calculated the probability of remaining free of a depressive episode. The probability of remaining free of one depressive episode after 2 years of taking lithium ranged from 42% to 55% for the bipolar II patients, 31% to 42% for the unipolar patients, and 26% to 36% for the cyclothymic patients. The average probability of suffering one depressive episode severe enough to require either pharmacologic intervention or hospitalization in a 2-year period was 51% for the bipolar II patients, 64% for the unipolar patients, and 69% for the cyclothymic patients. PMID- 6805338 TI - Membrane properties of smooth muscle cells in pulmonary hypertensive rats. AB - The membrane properties of smooth muscle cells in rat main pulmonary artery (MPA) and small pulmonary artery (SPA) were investigated during chronic normobaric hypoxia and after monocrotaline injection. As chronic pulmonary hypertension developed, pronounced differences between MPA and SPA were observed. These findings may shed light on mechanisms of smooth muscle hypertrophy. 1) The resting membrane potential of smooth muscle in MPA became less negative than the normal (depolarized), whereas the resting membrane potential of smooth muscle in SPA became more negative (hyperpolarized). 2) In MPA, both the length and time constants diminished. 3) In MPA, the maximum membrane depolarization produced by a 10-fold increase in extracellular [K+] decreased. 4) In SPA, the depolarization observed in K+-free solution was more rapid and greater in amplitude, and the transient hyperpolarization following restoration of K+-containing solution increased. 5) In SPA, initial and sustained depolarization evoked by Na+ deficient solutions were increased. 6) Depolarization in MPA was due to increased membrane permeability, perhaps to Cl-, whereas hyperpolarization in SPA could be attributed to increased activity of an electrogenic Na+-K+ pump. PMID- 6805341 TI - Seizures associated with amoxapine. PMID- 6805342 TI - Seizures associated with maprotiline. PMID- 6805343 TI - A statistical study of physician care patterns in high school football injuries. AB - This study examines the specialty background, relative activity, role, and cost of care among physicians treating high school football injuries in six western states. There were 1,000 injuries (in 1,000 players) in the 1980 football season. Among the players, 30.7 and 17.9% were treated solely by general practitioners and emergency room physicians, respectively. Orthopedic surgeons exclusively managed 17.1% of players, and 6.8% were seen initially by the emergency room physician and referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Osteopaths solely treated 6.4% of players. Chiropractic was the exclusive care for 6.4%. Four and nine-tenths per cent of players were seen initially by general practitioners and referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Emergency room physicians referred 3% of their injured high school football players to general practitioners. The remaining 6.8% of players were cared for by dentists, pediatricians, general surgeons, naturopaths, neurosurgeons, urologists, otolaryngologists, and ophthalmologists. General practitioners referred 14% of their patients, and emergency room physicians referred 73.6% of their patients. The most common referral was to an orthopedic surgeon. Two hundred ninety-eight players ultimately received care from an orthopedist, including 82% of all patients with fractures. For patients with the same diagnosis, costs for care by orthopedic surgeons were 54% higher than the fees charged by a general practitioner. PMID- 6805344 TI - Chronic active hepatitis of hepatitis B and non-A, non-B etiology. AB - Sixty-six consecutive liver biopsies demonstrating chronic hepatitis (CAH) were stained for the presence of HBsAg using the three-step peroxidaseantiperoxidase technique. Only cases of CAH thought to be attributable to either hepatitis B or non-A, non-B hepatitis were included in this series. Twenty-three of 30 biopsies taken from 24 patients with HBsAg-positive serum stained positively. None of the HBsAg sero-negative cases stained postively. Hepatocytes staining positively for HBsAg were generally few in number and randomly distributed within the liver lobules. Three cases of membranous staining were noted. After grading both the degree of inflammatory activity and the amount of HBsAg staining, we found that a statistically significant inverse relationship exists. The biopsies of six of the GBsAg sero-positive patients who had received steroid therapy for their liver disease did not stain differently from the biopsies of the remaining 18 HGsAg sero-positive patients. Stains for HBsAg may help in distinguishing acute hepatitis B (HB) superimposed on preexisting liver disease from hepatitis B-CAH (CAHB). This distinction may be possible because tissue staining almost always is negative in acute HB, whereas it often is focally positive in CAHB. This application of immunoperoxidase may be especially useful in patients who are drug addicts. PMID- 6805345 TI - Intracranial calcifications probably due to congenital Chagas' disease. AB - A case of congenital Chagas' disease in which intracranial calcifications were observed on examination at the age of 5 months is described. PMID- 6805346 TI - Antibody levels to Trypanosoma cruzi in infected patients with and without evidence of chronic Chagas' disease. AB - Antibody levels to Trypanosoma cruzi were compared in asymptomatic individuals infected with the parasite as well as those with different forms of chronic Chagas' disease of varying severity. The following three serologic tests were used: complement fixation, direct agglutination with previous treatment of the serum with 2-mercaptoethanol, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical groups tested included individuals with (a) a positive serology but no symptoms and without evidence of chronic disease (indeterminate form); (b) mega disease (groups I, II, III, and IV); (c) cardiomyopathy (mild, moderate, and severe); and (d) those with both mega disease and cardiomyopathy (combined form). The mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and complement fixation antibody levels among the various clinical groups showed no statistical differences. With the direct agglutination test patients with mega disease and those with severe cardiomyopathy had slightly higher mean titers than patients in the indeterminate group and those with mild or moderate cardiomyopathy. While there may be possible reasons for these differences, the biological relevance of the findings was concluded to be of dubious significance. PMID- 6805347 TI - Direct dollar costs and savings of screening stool examinations for eggs and parasites in adult Southeast Asian refugees. AB - Routine stool examinations for eggs and parasites have been recommended for Southeast Asian refugees seeking medical care for any reason. Calculations show that the direct dollar cost of diagnosis and treatment of pathogenic intestinal parasites in asymptomatic adults exceeds the direct dollar cost of disease prevented. However, it is also recognized that a more definitive analysis would require presently unavailable data on morbidity and transmission rates in untreated parasitized adults. Final decisions on screening benefits should consider, but not be limited to, direct dollar cost considerations. PMID- 6805349 TI - Experimental transmission of subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti to the leaf monkey (Presbytis melalophos), and its periodicity. AB - Infective larvae of nocturnally subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti were obtained from laboratory-raised Aedes togoi mosquitoes which had fed on an infected human volunteer from Kanchanaburi, Thailand, and 471 of them were inoculated subcutaneously into the inguinal regions of an immunosuppressed Presbytis melalophos. Microfilaremia was first detected 287 days after inoculation, and 77 days later, at 364 days of infection, the number of microfilariae determined at 2 hour intervals reached a maximum of 619/20 mm3 at 4 hours past midnight, and the daytime levels were 11-35/20 mm3; the corresponding levels in the human volunteer were 121 and 13-32/20 mm3. Thus the nocturnal periodicity was relatively greater in the monkey than it was in the human host. Eight days after the periodicity study the monkey died and 77 adult worms were recovered from the popliteal (4), inguinal (58), iliac (6) and para-aortic (9) lymph nodes and 1 each from the ovary and liver. Of 56 females, only half were gravid. PMID- 6805350 TI - The influence of lithium carbonate on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. PMID- 6805348 TI - Humoral and cellular responses in scrub typhus patients reflecting primary infection and reinfection with Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. PMID- 6805352 TI - [Pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6805351 TI - [Value of Lithium carbonate in the treatment of the initial phase of Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6805353 TI - [Immunologic contraception]. PMID- 6805354 TI - [Production of pituitary gonadotropins during the postmenopausal period]. PMID- 6805355 TI - [Acid-base status of biologically postmature newborn infants]. PMID- 6805356 TI - [Intermittent bag ventilation of premature infants maintained under continuous positive pressure via the nasal route]. PMID- 6805359 TI - Acute cyanide poisoning. The treatment of a suicide attempt. PMID- 6805357 TI - Diet induced ketosis in epilepsy and anaesthesia. Metabolic changes in three patients on a ketogenic diet. AB - Ketogenic diets have a high fat and low carbohydrate and low protein content to induce ketosis which is monitored by daily urine testing. Lapses in diet are frequently associated with loss of anticonvulsant control. There has, as yet, been no report of children maintained on a ketogenic diet subject to anaesthesia and surgery: this paper records the changes in metabolic variables observed in three patients undergoing simple inhalation anaesthetics for minor surgery. PMID- 6805358 TI - Disoprofol and fentanyl for total intravenous anaesthesia. AB - Ninety patients undergoing a variety of surgical procedures were anaesthetised with a disoprofol infusion and increments of fentanyl. The first 40 patients constituted a preliminary dose finding study and the subsequent 50 patients a dose comparison study. The second 50 patients were alternately allocated to receive a maintenance infusion of disoprofol 150 or 200 micrograms/kg/minute. Fentanyl (1 microgram/kg) at induction was followed by further small increments when indicated. Maintenance dosage of 200 micrograms/kg/minute provided good operating conditions and rapid uncomplicated recovery in spontaneously breathing patients, while 150 micrograms/kg/minute proved inadequate to prevent patient movement. PMID- 6805360 TI - [Etomidate for long term administration (author's transl)]. AB - Etomidate in a new more concentrated solution given in 50 ml NaCl 0.9% was administrated to two groups of patients for prolonged sleep over 48-60 hours. The first group of patients got withdrawal symptoms after several operations. The second group contain seven patients after multiple injury, who were given the continuous infusion for adaptation to the respirator. The following levels were recorded:Psyst/diast, Part, HR; paO2, paCO2. After the administration of etomidate heart rate and blood pressure became normal. We did not find any significant changes, neither in the first group under spontaneous breathing of room air nor in the second under controlled respiration with room air. Blood pressure, heart rate, paO2 and paCO2 remained normal during the long term medication of etomidate. PMID- 6805362 TI - Nitroglycerin adsorption to polyvinylchloride seriously interferes with its clinical use. PMID- 6805361 TI - [Postoperative analgesia with epidural morphine after hip operations (author's transl)]. AB - 80 patients undergoing hip surgery under lumbar epidural block have been studied (double blind) for postoperative analgesia. There were 4 groups, of 20 patients each, who received a single epidural injection of 0 mg, 2 mg or 4 mg morphine in 1 ml of saline added to 6 ml bupivacaine 0.5% or 4 mg morphine in 6 ml saline. In the morphine groups analgesia lasted between 37 and 50 hours. No neurological side-effects or severe respiratory depression have was observed; but a significant rise of paCO2 was found. Other side-effects were nausea/vomiting and the need for catheterisation in about 50% of patients. We conclude, that the indications for epidural analgesia with morphine have to be chosen carefully. PMID- 6805363 TI - Epidural morphine for postoperative pain relief: a dose-response curve. AB - Different doses of epidural morphine were studied in order to determine their effectiveness in providing postoperative pain relief after surgery of the lower extremities and their relationship to the incidence of untoward reactions. The study was carried out in a double-blind fashion using five dosages of epidural morphine (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg) and included 60 patients. The higher doses of morphine (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 mg) were equally effective and more effective than the lower doses (0.5 and 1.0 mg) in providing postoperative analgesia. Nausea and vomiting were encountered more frequently with the highest dose (8.0 mg) and this finding was statistically significant (P less than 0.03). No statistically significant difference was found between the doses studied with regard to itching, urinary retention, and respiratory depression; the latter was evaluated in a subgroup of 20 patients. These data suggest that effective postoperative pain relief after surgery of the lower extremities can be achieved with relatively low doses of morphine sulfate and with minimal side effects. For the type of surgery studied, 2 mg morphine sulfate appeared to be the optimum dose. PMID- 6805364 TI - Spontaneous breathing with a T-piece circuit: minimum fresh gas/minute volume ratio which prevents rebreathing. AB - Thirty adults undergoing elective superficial surgery under enflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia which intubated and breathing spontaneously via a modified Mapleson D (Brain) T-piece circuit were studied with their consent. Total fresh gas flows which were initially high were adjusted downward until minimal rebreathing (inspired CO2 tension of 5 to 10 mmHg) was present. At this point both fresh gas flow (VF) and minute volume (VE) were recorded, and the ratio of the two (VF/VE) was calculated. The mean VF/VE ratio was found to be 1.89 +/- 0.27 (SD). Linear regression was used to plot VF against VE breathing frequency, tidal volume, age, weight, and end-tidal CO2 tension. Significant correlation was found only with VE (r2 = 0.48, P less than 0.001) and frequency (r2 = 0.44, P less than 0.001). When the ratio VF/VE was plotted against the same variables, no significant correlations was found. This study showed a wide variability in the minimum VF/VE ratio which prevents rebreathing. The respiratory waveform, which was not studied, probably played a role in determining the VF/VE. Nevertheless, 87 per cent of our patients required a VF/VE ratio of 2.0 or less to prevent rebreathing. If one is especially concerned about rebreathing, VE should be measured in the VF adjusted to about twice the measured. PMID- 6805366 TI - CO2 monitoring during cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6805367 TI - [Characteristics of gas exchange with the surrounding atmosphere across the skin and mucosa]. PMID- 6805365 TI - Effects of midazolam on cerebral blood flow in human volunteers. AB - The effects of intravenously administered midazolam on cerebral blood flow were evaluated in eight healthy volunteers using the 133Xe inhalation technique. Six minutes after an intravenous dose of 0.15 mg/kg midazolam, the cerebral blood flow decreased significantly (P less than 0.001) from a value of 40.6 +/- 3.3 to a value of 27.0 +/- 5.0 ml . 100 g-1 . min-1. Cerebrovascular resistance (CVR) increased from 2.8 +/- 0.2 to 3.9 to 0.6 mmHg/(ml . 100 g-1 . min-1)(P less than 0.001). Mean arterial blood pressure decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) from 117 +/- 8 to 109 +/- 9 mmHg and arterial carbon dioxide tension increased from 33.9 +/- 2.3 to 38.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg (P less than 0.05). Arterial oxygen tension remained stable throughout the study, 484 +/- 95 mmHg before the administration of midazolam and 453 +/- 76 mmHg after. All the subjects slept after the injection of the drug and had anterograde amnesia of 24.5 +/- 5 min. The decrease in mean arterial blood pressure was probably not important since it remained in the physiologic range for cerebral blood flow autoregulation. The increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension observed after the midazolam injection may have partially counteracted the effect of this new benzodiazepine on cerebral blood flow. Our data suggest that midazolam might be a safe agent to use for the induction of anethesia in neurosurgical patients with intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6805368 TI - [Modern concepts of the role of pulsatile flow during artificial circulation]. PMID- 6805369 TI - [Preoperative preparation of heart surgery patients with cachexia]. PMID- 6805370 TI - [Ischemic episodes caused by iatrogenic ergotism. A new observation of acute ischemia of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6805371 TI - Hydrogen peroxide instillations into the urinary drainage bag: should we or shouldn't we? PMID- 6805372 TI - Therapeutic scope of intravenous nitroglycerin. AB - Sublingual nitroglycerin has been the time-honored therapy for angina pectoris for nearly a century. Sustained-action oral forms and cutaneous ointment have been used for perhaps ten years for prophylactic treatment of angina and even more recently have been recommended for use in congestive failure. For the past six years investigators at Johns Hopkins Hospital have been administering intravenous nitroglycerin to patients with acute myocardial infarction with and without left ventricular failure. More recently, we have employed intravenous nitroglycerin to manage acute hypertension developing in patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. I would like to review with you the current indications for intravenous nitroglycerin and the beneficial effects that would be expected in each clinical situation. I will draw on our own clinical experience obtained in nearly 200 patients and, when necessary, on the recent medical literature. PMID- 6805375 TI - Use of intravenous nitroglycerin in the coronary care unit. PMID- 6805374 TI - Indications and uses of intravenous nitroglycerin during cardiac surgery. PMID- 6805378 TI - Feeding gastrostomy: a reappraisal. AB - A retrospective review of 67 patients undergoing feeding gastrostomy for nutritional support over a ten-year period disclosed a 30 day mortality rate of 30 per cent following this procedure. Patients with head and neck carcinoma and those patients who were not in coma at the time of the procedure enjoyed extended and useful long-term survival. Patients who were in coma at the time of the procedure had similar mortality rates, but no patient ever regained consciousness afterward despite survival times of over one year. It is our conclusion that feeding gastrostomy in comatose patients is a questionable procedure and one which is unlikely to benefit the patient. It would appear that the only present day rationale for the performance of a feeding gastrostomy in comatose patients lies in the facilitation of their nursing care and their transfer to a chronic care facility. PMID- 6805379 TI - The superior feeding gastrostomy. PMID- 6805381 TI - Acetohydroxy acid synthase isoenzymes of Escherichia coli K12 and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - In Escherichia coli K12 and in Salmonella typhimurium the first step common to the biosynthesis of isoleucine, leucine and valine is catalyzed by an intriguing system of isoenzymes. Two of these are normally expressed, while the genetic determinant for a third one is transcribed, but not translated as an active polypeptide. We analyze here the significance of this system in the light of the most recent results. PMID- 6805380 TI - Prolongation of pancreatic islet cell allograft survival by graft pretreatment with antilymphoblast globulin (ALG). AB - The effect of antilymphoblast globulin (ALG) as a graft pretreatment for pancreatic islet cell allografts was tested in the canine model. Previous experiences on minimally immunosuppressed renal allografts had demonstrated significant prolongation of survival after graft pretreatment with ALG. ALG was injected with pancreatic islet cell fragment allografts that had been processed by mincing and subsequent collagenase digestion into the splenic pulp after total pancreatectomy of recipients immunosuppressed only with azathioprine following transplantation. Graft survival for pancreatic controls was 5.6 +/- 2.59 (M +/- SD) days. Islet cell allografts that received no ALG had a mean survival of 11.0 +/- 13.99 days (M +/- SD), P greater than 0.1). However, allografts pretreated with ALG had a significantly longer graft survival of 29.6 +/- 18.7 days (M +/- SD,P less than .01). Therefore, the spleen not only is an acceptable site for pancreatic islet cell transplantation in the dog, but significant graft prolongation can be achieved by utilization of ALG as a graft pretreatment modality for recipients receiving minimal immunosuppression with azathioprine. PMID- 6805376 TI - The use of injectable nitroglycerin in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Nitroglycerin in cardiac catheterization. AB - At our institution, injectable nitroglycerin (TNG) has been employed during cardiac catheterization since 1976. Initially, it was primarily used in patients undergoing a provocative test for coronary spasm with ergonovine maleate. After the initial favorable experience, the use of injectable TNG became routine. PMID- 6805383 TI - Mechanism of coupled electron and group transfer in Escherichia coli pyruvate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6805377 TI - Transient response of muscle and nonbrain tissue to adjustments in O2 and CO2 balance. PMID- 6805373 TI - Effect of intravenous nitroglycerin on hemodynamics of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6805382 TI - Thiamin: twenty years ago. PMID- 6805384 TI - Structure-function relationships in pyruvate decarboxylase of yeast and wheat germ. PMID- 6805385 TI - Large-scale clinical trials: are they worth the cost? PMID- 6805387 TI - The American Board of Otalaryngology: 1950-1979. PMID- 6805386 TI - Degeneration and regeneration of olfactory epithelium in the mouse. A scanning electron microscopic study. PMID- 6805388 TI - Comparison of promontory and cochlear implants within a single subject. AB - Audiometric pure tone, speech, and psychoacoustic data were obtained from a patient who had worn a promontory electrode for two years. Subsequently the promontory implant was replaced by a scala tympani electrode (cochlear implant) and testing was repeated. Warbled tone thresholds ranged from 52-68 dB SPL for the octave frequencies 250-8000 Hz with the cochlear implant (CI), and from 65-74 dB SPL with the promontory electrode (PE). Speech discrimination scores were better with the CI than with the PE, although performance on an environmental sounds test was slightly better with the PE. Smaller intensity difference limens (DLs) were obtained with the CI (1 dB) than with the PE (about 4 dB). Frequency discrimination was poor with both electrode systems. The CI provided better frequency DLs at 250, 500, and 1000 Hz; the PE produced better DLs at 2000 Hz. When the CI was combined with a hearing aid worn on the better implanted ear, performance improved over that with either prosthesis alone. PMID- 6805389 TI - A multiple-electrode cochlear implant. AB - A multiple-electrode cochlear implant comprised of three intracochlear and four extracochlear electrodes is described. A percutaneous plug allowed for direct electrical measurements and presentation of stimuli to selected electrode combinations. Electrical impedance measurements revealed functions that decreased as frequency increase to about 20 kHz. Absolute impedance magnitude varied across electrodes. Equal loudness contours were similar in shape for all three cochlear electrodes, although dynamic range was significantly reduced for the most apical electrode. Periodicity and place pitch were demonstrated; effects were most salient for low frequency stimuli. A 3-channel sound processor was built and multiple-channel stimulation was compared to single-channel stimulation. Significant performance differences were not found between single-channel and multiple-channel systems for environmental or speech sounds. However, the patient subjectively reported superior quality with the multiple-channel system. PMID- 6805392 TI - Surgical considerations in cochlear implantation. PMID- 6805391 TI - Hearing by cochlear nucleus stimulation in humans. PMID- 6805390 TI - The cochlear implant program: an overview. AB - The single-electrode cochlear implant used at the House Ear Institute is undergoing clinical trials under Food and Drug Administration regulations governing medical devices. The program involves selection and evaluation of suitable subjects, surgery, basic guidance or training in implant use, and regular follow-up. As of November 1, 1981, 199 deaf subjects have had cochlear implant surgery. They range in age from 3.5 to 75 years old. Subjects with a wide variety of etiologies have been successfully implanted. The vast majority use their device on a daily basis, and subjects as a group have received more than 800,000 hours of electrical stimulation. Fifteen other otologists in the United States have implanted one or more subjects as coinvestigators in this clinical trials program. The otologists and their implant teams are trained by the House Ear Institute. Results indicate that the implant program can be performed adequately in a variety of clinical settings. PMID- 6805393 TI - Design and functioning of the single-electrode cochlear implant. PMID- 6805395 TI - Psychoelectric measurements and results from cochlear implant patients. AB - Psychoelectric experiments, including threshold, uncomfortable loudness level, loudness growth and frequency discrimination were performed with six cochlear implant patients. All subjects used a single-channel transdermal induction coil implant system. Stimuli were presented directly to the external induction coil and not through a signal processing device. A method is reported in which current at the electrode is derived from voltage measures at the external coil. The derived thresholds were on the order of 1 to 120 microA peak-to-peak and are similar to those reported by other investigators. Loudness growth was more rapid for implant patients, being over twice that of normal listeners. Frequency difference limens were determined using both analog and 16 kHz amplitude modulated signals. Frequency discrimination was better with the analog system than with the 16 kHz amplitude modulated system. In general, below 100 Hz the patients' difference limens were essentially normal, but rapidly deteriorated until at approximately 600 Hz there was little frequency discrimination. PMID- 6805394 TI - Audiological results with the cochlear implant. AB - Audiological test results from 135 adult, profoundly deaf, single-electrode cochlear implant subjects are presented. Unaided, aided, and cochlear implant warble-tone and speech detection thresholds have been analyzed, as well as word, word stress, and environmental sound discrimination scores. Results indicate that implant thresholds are significantly better than aided thresholds at all frequencies tested and for speech detection. Also, word, word stress, and environmental sound discrimination scores are all significantly better with the implant than with a hearing aid. Although the implant does not provide speech discrimination, subjects report that it does provide valuable speech and sound awareness, which aids in speechreading and voice monitoring. A small group of subjects has shown that an an implant in the poorer ear can also be successfully combined with a hearing aid in the better ear. The audiological test results clearly show that the implant is a viable alternative for the profoundly deaf. PMID- 6805396 TI - Vowel discrimination with the single-electrode cochlear implant: a pilot study. AB - Eight normal-hearing individuals and six single-electrode cochlear implant users were asked to discriminate tape recorded pairs of spoken monosyllables consisting of 11 English syllabic nuclei (see formula in text) bounded by the consonant frame. A same-different paradigm was used. Most normal-hearing subjects discriminated all pairs intended by the talker as different; two normal listeners confused monosyllables containing (see formula in text). Cochlear implant users showed some intersubject variation, but for the 6 subjects, discriminations were consistent enough to allow the data to be pooled for analysis. The pooled data for these four subjects indicated that high front and high back vowels were discriminable from low vowels. The basis for the discriminations is difficult to evaluate, since the naturally spoken stimuli varied with respect to formant frequencies, fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. PMID- 6805397 TI - Effects of the single-electrode cochlear implant on the vestibular system of the profoundly deaf adult. AB - Twenty-two profoundly deafened adults, implanted with the single-electrode cochlear implant, were involved in a study to observe the effects of cochlear electrical stimulation on the vestibular system. Previous investigators had found evidence that the implant might disrupt postural stability. As there had been no general complaints of dizziness or dysequilibrium by the implant subjects, a study was undertaken to replicate the earlier study and to compare the results to more standardized procedures. A Sono-postural Test was devised from the Ataxia Test Battery for the testing of balance with and without an auditory prosthesis. Electronystagmography was also performed on the subjects before and after surgery as a means of monitoring vestibular status over time. Results from the these tests indicate that the single-electrode implant does not disrupt the balance system to any significant degree. In fact, evidence indicates that postural stability may actually improve with the cochlear implant activated. PMID- 6805399 TI - Psychological effects of cochlear implant: patient and "index relative" perceptions. AB - The ultimate judge of the value of a technological advance is the patient. The patient's evaluation of the cochlear implant is one way of judging its effects. A second method is from observations of the patient made by an individual in close relationship, ie, an "index relative." In order to determine implant effects as experienced by both patient and observer, we devised preimplant and postimplant questionnaires. We found that patients feel the implant gives them a greater sense of safety; self-sufficiency is considerably enhanced: emotionally negative episodes are significantly reduced; the feeling of being a burden to others is diminished; communication with others is much smoother; and, while engaging in group activities is still difficult, participation is less threatening than before the implant. The index relatives agree with these perceptions. They also are emotionally relieved because they feel the patients have a device which extends their range of mastery. In turn, the index relatives feel burdened and responsible. PMID- 6805398 TI - Psychometric studies and clinical interviews with cochlear implant patients. AB - Selection of suitable candidates for an implant was a central issue in planning clinical trials. Psychological techniques were included, the purpose being to screen out individuals who, on an a priori basis, we considered cognitively and/or emotionally inappropriate. Psychological measures were further used to assess the effect of the implant on those candidates who did undergo the surgical procedure. The present paper describes the preimplant and postimplant interviews and psychometric assessment. Based on the data developed from the interviews, we concluded that the recipients of implants are in almost unanimous agreement that the implant is a very positive contribution to their lives. Tests of cognitive functioning conducted over time indicate that the implant does not impair cognitive or neuropsychological functions. Personality tests were also administered, and no significant changes in these dimensions were found. PMID- 6805400 TI - Use of the cochlear implant by the prelingually deaf. AB - Introducing sound to the prelingually deaf adult presents a special challenge to those concerned with the rehabilitation of the deaf utilizing the cochlear implant. Twelve subjects with an early loss have undergone implant surgery and have been fitted with external stimulator devices. Eight of the 12 subjects are considered successful users. Electrical thresholds are comparable to those for the postlingually deaf. However, the prelingual subjects initially have a reduced tolerance for sound and often react differently than the postlinguals. The prelinguals do not always respond to the sensation as sound, but rather as a feeling or vibration in the head. However, like the postlinguals, the prelingually deaf report being able to respond to attention-getting sounds, such as horn-honks and their names being called; and voice quality changes have been noted. These subjects find music particularly enjoyable through the implant. In addition, they have reported feeling more independent, more social, and even less lonely. PMID- 6805403 TI - Risk versus benefit in cochlear implantation. PMID- 6805402 TI - Otopathological findings in a patient with bilateral cochlear implants. AB - The death in 1976 of a patient who had a multiple-electrode cochlear implant in one cochlea and a single-electrode cochlear implant in the other provided a unique opportunity for both clinical and histological study of the effects of such implants in a human an subject. The patient was 68 years old at the time of his death. In 1969, at the age of 61, and after 11 years of profound deafness, apparently as a result of lues, the patient was implanted on the left side with a hard-wired 5-wire multiple-electrode cochlear implant. Five years later, his right side was implanted with a single-electrode induction coil cochlear implant. Audiological and psychoacoustic studies were performed by a number of investigators. The results are reviewed. Following the patient's death, his temporal bones were obtained and examined using microdissection techniques followed by serial sectioning. The histological findings are described. PMID- 6805404 TI - [Mobile pseudoparasite in peritoneal fluid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805401 TI - Initial experience with the cochlear implant in children. AB - The decision to implant cochlear prostheses in children came after positive findings with deaf adults and the belief that the benefits of receiving sound far outweigh the potential risks involved. As of December 1981, 12 profoundly deaf children have received the single-electrode cochlear implant. Their ages range from 3.5 to 17 years. Test results are consistent with those of adults. Mean thresholds across the frequency range fall between 59-64 dB SPL. With the implant, these children can perform specific timing and intensity differentiations which could not be done with hearing aids. Their voices are quieter and more modulated, and the children are not quite as noisy with objects in the environment (eg, do not slam doors any more). This preliminary data demonstrates that implanting subjects under the age of 18 years is feasible. PMID- 6805405 TI - [On the occurrence of Stylocephalus africanus in a Zophosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805406 TI - A simple method for the extraction of polysaccharide B from Brucella cells for use in the radial immunodiffusion test diagnosis of bovine brucellosis. AB - In order to extract the polysaccharide B of brucella used in Radial Immunodiffusion test (RID) for detection of infected cattle, a quick, simple and safe method is proposed. It consists of using phenol killed cells of B. melitensis 16 M known to produce polysaccharide B. After autoclaving brucella cells resuspended in saline, the cells are separated by centrifugation and the polysaccharide B is obtained by two successive ethanol precipitations of the supernatant. Comparison of the results of RID tests carried out with the polysaccharide extract of B. melitensis 16 M (rapid method) and 231 sera of infected cattle shows the validity of this method of preparation. Differences in yield (1.5% for the second precipitate against 0.5% for the polysaccharide reference and in optimum dose used the reaction (10 microgram against 200 microgram) show that as many as 60 times more RID tests can be made with the polysaccharide obtained by rapid method. PMID- 6805408 TI - Rapid glutaraldehyde fixation for cow milk cell count by Coulter counter. PMID- 6805407 TI - Effects of two consecutive experimental Haemonchus contortus infections on abomasal pepsin and electrolytes and serum pepsinogen and electrolytes of sheep. AB - Pepsinogen, sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations in blood, and pepsin, pH and ionic concentrations in abomasal contents were measured in 4 lambs each fitted with a permanent abomasal cannula infected with 25 000 H. contortus larvae at intervals of 39 days. No significant change in blood sodium, potassium and chloride concentrations occurred after infections while the pepsinogen level increased rapidly to reaching a maximum (600% of control) 7-8 days after infection. This increase was associated with a rise in abomasal pepsin secretion, the pepsin concentration in the contents rising from 7210 to 9220 mU of tyrosine during the same period. This period was characterized by a significant (P less than 0.01) increase in abomasal pH and Na+ concentration whereas the K+ and Cl- concentrations were significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced. The second infection was associated with similar abomasal ionic changes but of shorter duration. It is likely that the second infection transiently stimulated the egg aying of the adult worms of the first infection. Twenty one days after the re infection the number of adult worms remaining was very low (139 +/- 41) and is considered as an effect of the "self-cure" phenomenon. PMID- 6805409 TI - Bovine immunoglobulins and brucellosis. IV. Study by microchromatographic technique of class types of persistent antibodies found in heifers vaccinated 12 to 14 months previously with Brucella abortus strain 19. AB - Microchromatography with Biogel A 1.5 is proposed to distinguish IgM and IgG antibodies present in biological fluid. The technique allows, with only simple material, a complete separation of the two classes in two hours, with a sample volume of less than 1 ml. The technique, applied to the study of sera from heifers vaccinated 12 to 14 months beforehand with B. abortus strain 19 demonstrated that the persistent antibodies were nearly exclusively of IgM type in animals retaining an agglutinating titre of more than 30 units. Since the sera of chronically infected animals are classically IgG type, this type of analysis could provide good evidence of vaccination or infection origin of residual agglutinins. PMID- 6805410 TI - Sero-genetic studies on the Basters of Rehoboth, South West Africa/Namibia. AB - The Basters of Rehoboth in South West Africa/Namibia arose by hybridization between Caucasoids and Khoi ('Hottentots') in the northern Cape Province of South Africa during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, followed by migration of a single well-defined party to Rehoboth and the consolidation of an ethnocentric nation there. Although there has been some gene flow into the population during the twentieth century, the present sero-genetic study contributes further evidence for the hypothesis of Fisher (1913) that each ancestral strain had furnished an equal contribution to the population. PMID- 6805411 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in humans are located on chromosome. AB - The human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene complex has been assigned to chromosome 14 by filter hybridization of restriction digests of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids. Cloned DNA probes for both variable and constant regions were used. PMID- 6805412 TI - Growth, food intake, motor activity and experimental cardiac necrosis in early malnourished male rats. AB - Male rats with protein energy malnutrition from birth to the 49th day of life (PEM) and then receiving normal diet ad libitum had lower body weights and relatively higher food intakes (g/100 g body weight) than controls (C). Spontaneous motor activity measured in rotation wheels from the 42nd day was higher in previously malnourished animals, but less food was consumed per gram of weight increment during this period by PEM rats as compared to C rats. The cardiotoxicity of isoprenaline administered at the age of 110 days was significantly lower, i.e. the cardiac damage was smaller in previously malnourished animals (PEM). This was most apparent when they were compared with inactive controls living in standard laboratory cages. PMID- 6805414 TI - Transplantation of the pancreas: current status. PMID- 6805415 TI - The effects of alcohol on folate metabolism. PMID- 6805413 TI - Effect of plant proteins on cholesterol metabolism in growing rats fed atherogenic diets. AB - Weanling rats were fed atherogenic diets containing 2% cholesterol and 0.5% bile acids for 4 weeks. The experimental diets contained 10% protein derived from soy protein, wheat gluten, or wheat gluten supplemented with lysine and threonine. The control diet contained 10% protein derived from casein. Rats fed the plant proteins were found to have lower serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, no detectable amounts of low density lipoprotein, a smaller amount of very low density lipoprotein and a higher concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to the control animals. There were no differences in the serum HDL cholesterol level between the control and the experimental groups. It was shown that the hypocholesterolemic effect of wheat gluten is independent of the low lysine concentration or the ratio of lysine/arginine in it. PMID- 6805416 TI - Pharmacology of brain epinephrine neurons. AB - Neurons that contain PNMT, the epinephrine-forming enzyme, have their cell bodies in brain stem regions in rat brain and send projections mainly into other brain stem areas, hypothalamus, and spinal cord. These neurons can be affected pharmacologically by various kinds of drugs. Epinephrine neuronal systems might play a part in some pharmacologic actions of MAO inhibitors and uptake inhibitors as well as alpha and beta agonists and antagonists. PNMT inhibitors currently represent the only means of modifying epinephrine neurons pharmacologically without also altering norepinephrine or dopamine neurons in brain. The continued study of drugs affecting epinephrine neurons should be useful in elucidating functions of these neurons. Drugs that affect epinephrine neurons may be of use in the treatment of hypertension, psychiatric disorders, neuroendocrine dysfunction, and possibly other diseases. PMID- 6805417 TI - Sociopharmacology. PMID- 6805418 TI - Rifampin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and their combinations in the treatment of enterococcal pyelonephritis in rats. AB - The activities of ampicillin, rifampin, streptomycin, and their combinations were evaluated in vitro against Streptococcus faecalis strain GK and in vivo in rats with an established pyelonephritis resulting from challenge with this same enterococcus. In vitro synergy was demonstrated between all combinations. Comparison of the log colony-forming units of S. faecalis recovered per gram of kidney tissue showed that all treated groups had significant lower numbers than controls (P less than 0.001). Ampicillin plus streptomycin or ampicillin alone was superior to rifampin alone or rifampin plus streptomycin at each interval (P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference between ampicillin and rifampin plus ampicillin. The disparity between in vitro and in vivo results again raises some doubts as to the relevance of in vitro observations to clinical outcome. PMID- 6805419 TI - Use of pyrazinamidase activity on Mycobacterium tuberculosis as a rapid method for determination of pyrazinamide susceptibility. AB - Pyrazinamidase activity in clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been previously found to correlate with susceptibility to the antituberculosis drug pyrazinamide. The Wayne method for determining pyrazinamidase activity, a technique also utilized as an aid in identification of mycobacteria, and thin layer chromatography method were found to be useful screening methods for susceptibility testing, since resistant strains are pyrazinamidase negative. These simple methods overcome the difficulty in growing M. tuberculosis at pH 5.5, as is required in the conventional method of susceptibility testing. PMID- 6805420 TI - Mode of antibiotic action of 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzaldehyde from Streptomyces viridans. AB - The free ligand, deferroviridomycin A, and its iron(II) complex, viridomycin A, were detected in culture supernatant fluids of Streptomyces viridans 1671 and were structurally characterized as 4-hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzaldehyde and tris(4 hydroxy-3-nitrosobenzaldehydato-N3,O4)ferrate(II), respectively. We investigated the antibiotic activity of the above compounds and of the chemically synthesized bis copper(II), tris cobalt(III), and tris nickel(II) complexes against Escherichia coli NIHJ, Salmonella typhimurium LT-2Z, Staphylococcus aureus 209P, Streptococcus faecium 10541, and Bacillus cereus, T. The free ligand and its kinetically labile copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes displayed activity against all of the above organisms, whereas the kinetically inert iron(II) and cobalt(III) complexes displayed activity only against S. aureus and B. cereus. The antibiotic activity of the substitutionally labile metal complexes was attributed to dissociation of the free ligand. The mode of antibiotic action of the free ligand against E. coli appears to be interference with the structural and functional integrity of the cell membrane. PMID- 6805421 TI - Antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime, an aminothiazolyl cephalosporin potentially active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ceftazidime were evaluated against 700 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Ceftazidime was less active than penicillins or older cephalosporins against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp., and it did not inhibit Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria, or anaerobic species. Ceftazidime was as active as ceftizoxime and moxalactam and more active than cefoperazone against Escherichia coli. Klebsiella, and Proteus mirabilis with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than 0.2 mg/liter. Ceftazidime also inhibited Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella at concentrations below 0.2 mg/liter. Most Morganella, Proteus rettgeri, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus inconstans were inhibited at concentrations below 1 mg/liter, similar to the concentrations for moxalactam, ceftizoxime, and cefotaxime. Ceftazidime was the most active agent tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with a mean minimal inhibitory concentration of 1.6 mg/liter. It inhibited carbenicillin-, piperacillin-, cefoperazone-, and cefsulodin-resistant Pseudomonas. Minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations were similar, with the exception of some Pseudomonas values at 10(7) colony-forming units. Use of different media did not alter minimal inhibitory concentration values. Ceftazidime was not hydrolyzed by staphylococcal beta-lactamase or plasmid beta-lactamase of the TEM-1, TEM-2, SHV-1, OXA-1, PSE-1, PSE-2 types or by inducible beta-lactamases of the cephalosporinase type. Ceftazidime provides an extremely active agent against aerobic and facultative gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6805425 TI - Activities of eight new beta-lactam antibiotics and seven antibiotic combinations against Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Each of eight new beta-lactam antibiotics was highly active in vitro against Neisseria meningitidis, and activity was not reduced by combining some of these drugs with penicillin, ampicillin, or tobramycin. Antibacterial activity and lack of antagonism between moxalactam and ampicillin was confirmed in a model of lethal meningococcal infection in mice. PMID- 6805424 TI - Biosynthesis of monobactam compounds: origin of the carbon atoms in the beta lactam ring. AB - The biosynthesis of monobactams by strains of Chromobacterium violaceum, Acetobacter sp., and Agrobacterium radiobacter was studied. Monobactams were produced during logarithmic growth by C. violaceum and Acetobacter sp. and during late log growth on glycerol and in stationary phase by A. radiobacter. The addition of various amino acids failed to significantly stimulate monobactam production in any of the producing organisms. Several 14C-amino acids and pyruvate were incorporated in vivo into monobactams. Serine, glycine, and cysteine were better incorporated than alanine or aspartate, whereas an excess of nonradioactive serine depressed the incorporation of labelled cysteine, glycine, and pyruvate. A comparison of [1-14C] glycine and [2-14C] glycine incorporation data suggests that glycine was first converted to serine. With a mixture of [U 14C[serine and [3-3H]serine, C. violaceum synthesized a monobactam with a complete retention of tritium, whereas with a [U-14C] cystine and [3-3H] cystine mixture, there was an extensive loss of C-3 tritium. Acetobacter sp. and A. radiobacter also utilized the double-labeled serine without the loss of tritium in their respective monobactams. It appears, therefore that in the three organisms, the carbon atoms of the beta-lactam ring of the monobactam are derived directly from serine without the loss of the C-3 hydrogen atoms, probably by an SN2 ring closure mechanism. With [methyl-14C] methionine, most of the radioactivity in the monobactam from Acetobacter sp. was in the methyl moiety of the beta-lactam ring methoxyl group. PMID- 6805422 TI - In vitro activity of BRL 17421 against Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Branhamella catarrhalis. AB - BRL 17421, a novel beta-lactam antibiotic, was tested in vitro against fastidious gram-negative bacteria and compared with amoxicillin and amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. The compound showed good activity against Haemophilus influenzae (range of minimal inhibitory concentrations, 0.2 to 1 microgram/ml), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.007 to 0.5 microgram/ml), and Branhamella catarrhalis (0.03 to 0.1 microgram/ml). BRL 17421 exhibited excellent stability against the TEM-type beta lactamase of H. influenzae and N. gonorrhoeae, and its activity was little affected by inoculum size. Minimal lethal concentrations of BRL 17421 for 10(7) colony-forming units of H. influenzae ranged between 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6805426 TI - In vitro comparison of N-formimidoyl thienamycin (MK0787) and Azlocillin with three aminoglycosides and ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin and azlocillin were compared with those of tobramycin, gentamicin, amikacin, and ticarcillin against 175 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, including 24 strains with known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides. The 50% mean inhibitory concentration for azlocillin was lower than for ticarcillin, but the 90% mean inhibitory concentration was similar for both drugs. All susceptible and multidrug-resistant strains were susceptible to N-formimidoyl thienamycin. PMID- 6805428 TI - Kinetics of substrate utilization in adenine-limited chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis KYA741. AB - The specific rates of limiting substrate utilization were investigated in adenine or glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Bacillus subtilis KYA741, an adenine requiring strain, at 37 degrees C. With the glucose-limited cultures, the specific rate of glucose consumption versus dilution rate gave a linear relationship from which the true growth yield and maintenance coefficient were determined to be 0.09 mg of bacteria per mg of glucose and 0.2 mg of glucose per mg of bacteria per h, respectively. With the adenine-limited cultures, adenine as the limiting substrate was not completely consumed at lower dilution rates (e.g., D less than 0.1), unlike in the glucose-limited cultures. When a linear relationship of specific rate of adenine consumption versus dilution rate was extrapolated to zero dilution rate, a negative value for the specific rate of adenine consumption, -0.01 mg of adenine per mg of bacteria per h, was obtained, giving a true growth yield for adenine of 5.2 mg of bacteria per mg of adenine. On the other hand, the maintenance coefficient of oxygen uptake gave a positive value of 8.1 x 10(-3) mmol/mg of bacteria per h. Based on previous results showing that adenine is resupplied by lysing cells, we developed kinetic models of adenine utilization and cell growth that gave a good estimation of the peculiar behavior of cell growth and adenine utilization in adenine-limited chemostat cultures. PMID- 6805427 TI - Acyl chains of phospholipids and their variation with age in Streptomyces griseus. PMID- 6805430 TI - Toxic substance from a natural bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa. AB - A toxic substance contained in the blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa was purified and partially characterized. Toxic algal cells were collected from a highly eutrophic lake in Japan, and the toxin was purified by homogenization, ultrafiltration, gel filtration, and ion-exchange chromatography. The final preparation gave a single peak on high-performance liquid chromatography. The toxicity was somewhat less than that reported for other toxins from this alga. The water extract of 6.7 mg (dry weight) of cells and 72 microgram of the purified protein was required to kill a mouse (1 mouse unit). The main amino acids of the toxin were glutamic acid, asparatic acid, alanine, glycine, arginine, and leucine. The molecular weight of the toxin was 2,950 as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6805429 TI - Dye-coupled electrode system for the rapid determination of cell populations in polluted water. AB - We determined cell populations in polluted waters by using a fuel cell-type electrode. The electrode was constructed from a platinum anode, a silver peroxide cathode, and a membrane filter for retaining microorganisms. The principle of cell number determination is based on sensing a redox dye reduced by the microorganisms with the electrode. Sample solutions containing microorganisms were membrane filtered, and the resulting filter containing microbial cells was attached to the surface of a platinum anode. The electrode was immersed in phosphate buffer solution (0.05 M, pH 7) containing a redox dye (2,4 dichlorophenol-indophenol), and the current generated was measured. The response time of the electrode system was 10 to 20 min, and the current generated was proportional to cell populations above 10(4) cells/ml. PMID- 6805423 TI - Activities of tobramycin and azlocillin alone and in combination against experimental osteomyelitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Azlocillin and tobramycin were used alone and in combination in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbits. This combination showed in vitro synergy measured by both the checkerboard technique and time-kill curves. A marked inoculum effect was demonstrated in vitro with azlocillin and the infecting strain of P. aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory concentration of azlocillin, with an inoculum of 10(5) organisms, was 12.5 micrograms/ml; when the inoculum size was increased to 10(7) organisms, the minimal inhibitory concentration rose to more than 500 micrograms/ml. In therapeutic trials, the combination of azlocillin and tobramycin, given for 28 days, was significantly better than either no therapy or azlocillin alone, but was not significantly better than tobramycin alone. Even after 4 weeks of combined therapy with azlocillin and tobramycin, P. aeruginosa was recovered from the bones of 60% of the treated rabbits. PMID- 6805431 TI - Bostrycin and 4-deoxybostrycin: two nonspecific phytotoxins produced by Alternaria eichhorniae. AB - Two crystalline red pigments with phytotoxic activity were isolated from culture filtrates of Alternaria eichhorniae, a pathogen of the water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes. The pigments were present in the ratio of 4:1 and were identified as bostrycin and 4-deoxybostrycin, respectively. This is the first isolation of 4 deoxybostrycin from a natural source. Bostrycin, 4-deoxybostrycin, and their isopropylidene derivatives induced necrosis on tested plant leaves comparable to the A. eichhorniae-induced necrosis on water hyacinth. The lowest phytotoxic concentrations of crystalline bostrycin and 4-deoxybostrycin on water hyacinth leaves were about 7 and 30 microgram/ml, respectively. Both substances were inhibitory to Bacillus subtilis but were inactive against the fungus Geotrichum candidum. PMID- 6805433 TI - Comparative antimicrobial activity, in vitro and in vivo, of soft N-chloramine systems and chlorhexidine. AB - Antimicrobial activity of the following four new N-chloramine compounds was evaluated: two chlorinated simple amino acids, a chlorinated half-ester of succinic acid, and a chlorinated half-ester of glutaric acid. For comparison, the known bactericidal agents 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone and chlorhexidine were evaluated by the same procedure. The contact germicidal efficiency screen was used to examine the in vitro bactericidal activity of all six compounds in the absence and presence of 5% horse serum or 5% Triton X-100. The four new compounds were found to have greater germicidal activity than the other compounds tested and to exhibit low toxicity and skin irritation values. The in vivo bactericidal activity was evaluated in two studies. In the occlusion test, three of the four new compounds plus chlorhexidine diacetate were tested. The N chloramines were significantly superior to chlorhexidine in preventing the expansion of the normal flora under occlusion. In the scrub test, a gloved-hand wash method was used to compare the antimicrobial effect of a 1% solution of the chlorinated half-ester of succinic acid in triacetin with that of a commercial germicidal hand wash containing 4% chlorhexidine gluconate. The two preparations exhibited essentially the same hand-degerming activity. PMID- 6805434 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and environmental biotransformation products on aquatic nitrification. AB - The effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on nitrification were examined for pure cultures and natural reservoir samples. PCBs at concentrations greater than 10 microgram liter-1 inhibited nitrification, principally ammonium oxidation, in one of two natural reservoir environments. However, this inhibition could not be reproduced in pure high-cell-density cultures or in previously contaminated reservoir waters. A PCB environmental biotransformation product, p chlorophenylglyoxylic acid, and p-chloromandelic acid had no effect on nitrification. PMID- 6805432 TI - Increased production of aflatoxins by Aspergillus parasiticus Speare in the presence of rubratoxin B. AB - The influence of rubratoxin B, a metabolite of Penicillium rubrum Stoll, on the growth and aflatoxin production of a strain of Aspergillus parasiticus Speare grown in the chemically defined medium of Reddy et al. (Appl. Microbiol. 22:393 396, 1971) was studied. After 4 days of incubation on a rotary shaker at 25 degrees C, the presence of 10 microgram/ml caused 45 to 50% reduction in dry weight production, although at the same concentration of rubratoxin B, the reduction of growth after 10 days was only 15%. In the presence of 50 microgram/ml there was a reduction in dry weight production of 94% after 4 days of incubation, and it was still 86% after 8 days. Rubratoxin B concentrations of 50 microgram/ml and higher usually caused a reduction in aflatoxin production in the medium comparable with the reduction in biomass, but at concentrations as low as 10 microgram/ml, there was a pronounced increase in the production of aflatoxins, especially of G1, despite the reduction in biomass. The ecological significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6805435 TI - Simple method for quantitation of viable mycoplasmas. AB - A rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for quantitation of viable mycoplasmas is described. Serial dilutions were made in sterile microtiter plates with standard microtiter equipment. The results were multiplied by a factor of 2.38 to obtain colony-forming units comparable to those obtained with the laborious glass pipette-tube dilution method. PMID- 6805436 TI - Integrated process for ammonia inactivation of aflatoxin-contaminated corn and ethanol fermentation. AB - A process is described for converting aflatoxin-contaminated corn to ethanol via combining ammonia inactivation with the liquefaction step of the ethanol fermentation process. Better ethanol yields were obtained when ammonia was added during liquefaction than when no ammonia was added. Aflatoxin B1 levels were reduced 80 to 85% by the process. PMID- 6805437 TI - Stabilization of the structure and activity of yeast carboxypeptidase Y by its high-mannose oligosaccharide chains. PMID- 6805439 TI - Substrate specificity of mammalian endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase: study with the enzyme of rat liver. PMID- 6805438 TI - Isolation and characterization of isocitrate lyase of castor endosperm. PMID- 6805440 TI - Ammonium 4-chloro-7-sulfobenzofurazan: a new fluorigenic thiol-specific reagent. PMID- 6805441 TI - Differences in the polymorphic forms of metallothionein. PMID- 6805442 TI - Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase of Drosophila melanogaster: comparative sequence analyses around the substrate-binding lysyl residue. PMID- 6805443 TI - Necrotising enterocolitis in the very low birthweight infant: expressed breast milk feeding compared with parenteral feeding. AB - The incidence of necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birthweight infants (VLBW less than or equal to 1500 g) was reduced by the delayed onset of enteral feeding. Eight (18%) out of 44 VLBW infants who were in hospital during the first year of the study developed NEC. During the next 12 months 85 similar infants were initially fed by parenteral nutrition only, and then from age 14-21 days with infant formula. During the second year only 3 (3%) patients developed NEC. There were no other relevant changes in management. Throughout the entire study, the onset of NEC in each infant in whom it occurred was after the start of enteral feeding. We recommend avoiding enteral feeding in VLBW infants during the period that they are particularly vulnerable--namely the first 2 or 3 weeks of life. PMID- 6805444 TI - Improved results with hepatic portoenterostomy: a reassessment of its value in the treatment of biliary atresia. AB - As reported in 1974, the initial experience at the Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital with the Kasai procedure for biliary atresia was unsatisfactory. A subsequent series of 20 patients, in which 50% of the patients are alive and improved and 25% jaundice-free, is described. Modifications of the initial operative technique have been utilized. Postoperative complications in the ten children with sustained bile flow included cholangitis in five, hyponatremia in four, esophageal variceal hemorrhage in two, stomal bleeding in two, and gallbladder conduit malfunction in two patients. The improved outcome is attributed to earlier diagnosis and correction, attention to operative details, intensive postoperative nutritional support, and prompt recognition and management of complications. PMID- 6805445 TI - The physical properties of bovine pericardium: a study of the effects of stretching during chemical treatment in glutaraldehyde. AB - The uniaxial stress/strain response of bovine pericardium up to a stress of 1 N/mm2 was studied. The tissue was chemically modified in 0.5% buffered glutaraldehyde for 24 hours under various conditions of constraint. Four groups were studied: an unrestricted control group, a group held at their original length, a group stretched to a stress of 0.04 N/mm2, and a group stretched to a stress of 0.4 N/mm2 during treatment. Histological examination revealed changes in structural organization of the collagen, which explained the alterations in the stress/strain response. A significant alteration in mechanical properties after glutaraldehyde treatment was observed, with considerable loss of extensibility for the prestretched tissues. A valve made from such a prestretched tissue may be stenotic and possibly subject to early failure. PMID- 6805446 TI - [Importance of gas analysis of pleural effusions]. PMID- 6805447 TI - [Morphologic features of the phagocytosis of filamentous forms of bacteria by neutrophilic granulocytes]. AB - A model system has been developed (B. megaterium + granulocyte) imitating the mechanisms of phagocytosis of filamentous forms of bacteria by neutrophilic granulocytes. In the capture of multicellular microbial filaments by one or several granulocytes predominate the mechanisms of cell membrane invagination and formation of exocytic secretory system providing the inhibition of the activity of the phagocytized agent and release of microbicidal factors and enzymes into the extracellular environment. The importance and frequency of occurrence of the observed phenomenon in different pathological forms have not been elucidated. PMID- 6805448 TI - Soluble and insoluble proteins of normal human mature enamel. AB - Human mature enamel proteins were prepared by a combination of three extraction procedures in the presence or absence of de-aggregating agents before and after EDTA demineralization. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a single low mol. wt protein in the water extract and multicomponent proteins with high mol. wt in the urea and urea-EDTA extracts. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins contained in the three fractions after reduction and alkylation showed the existence of the two last fractions of different constitutive monomers linked by covalent and non-covalent bonds. Immunological comparison of the proteins showed at least one common protein in the E2 and E3 fractions. It is suggested that the high mol. wt proteins observed in mature enamel matrix were formed by combination of different monomers. PMID- 6805449 TI - The electrophoretic detection of acidic glycosaminoglycans in human gingival sulcus fluid. PMID- 6805452 TI - Bacteriology in chronic otitis media correlated with the clinical state of ears. AB - Bacteriologic findings in 702 cases of chronic otitis media were correlated with the clinical conditions of the ears. Statistically significant correlations with the severity of the clinical infection were noticed concerning Pseudomonas aeruginosa, St, aureus and E. coli. The bacteriological findings did not correlate with the results of Valsalva test. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was statistically more often present in ears without than in ears with cholesteatoma. PMID- 6805450 TI - Transplantation of enzyme-treated teeth in the monkey Macaca fascicularis. AB - Homologous tooth transplants evoke immunogenic rejection against antigens within donor periodontal ligaments cells and ground substance. Eight maxillary incisors of 6 juvenile animals were extracted, crowns and pulps removed by gutta percha; the roots were incubated serially in enzyme solutions and glutaraldehyde at 37 degrees C for 5 h to destroy cells, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Seven control teeth from the same 6 animals were incubated in saline at 37 degrees C for 15 min. All teeth were then speedily transplanted to other animals which were killed at 6 wk or 3 months. Radiographs and histologic sections revealed extensive resorption and inflammation of all control teeth. Enzyme-treated teeth showed less inflammation with resorption mostly on the surface of the cut coronal dentine. A loose fibrous attachment usually formed on most aspects of the root surface with deposition of new cellular cementum within the donor ligament. Inflammation, where present, may have resulted from incomplete removal of periodontal ligament cells, ground substance, or from salivary bacterial contamination. PMID- 6805453 TI - Deep corneal leukoma adherens in an Aboriginal population. PMID- 6805451 TI - Protein deficiency and treatment of xerophthalmia. AB - In a controlled clinical trial of massive-dose vitamin A therapy for xerophthalmia, holo-retinol-binding protein (holo-RBP) response was related to baseline protein status. Corneal healing was more commonly delayed or transient in children with protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), despite the vast majority achieving holo-RBP levels incompatible with severe corneal destruction. Correction of PEM is essential to ensuring a sustained clinical cure, and repeated massive vitamin A therapy is advisable until that occurs. PMID- 6805454 TI - Some observations on urinary retention and deep hip sepsis following total hip replacement. AB - A follow-up study was made of 256 hip replacements, performed at Dunedin Hospital by three orthopaedic surgeons in males aged 45 years and over for the six year period beginning 1975 through to the end of 1980. One surgeon (A) had an elaborate management policy designed to reduce postoperative urinary retention and his cases are compared with Surgeon B's whose methods of avoiding urinary retention would be more representative of the majority of orthopaedic surgeons. Analysis was performed of the 20 cases of urinary retention pooled from all three participating surgeons. Also analysed were the 24 cases of epidural anaesthetics in the entire series. Surgeon A had a significantly (P=.045) lower postoperative urinary retention rate of 3.23% compared to surgeon B (12.07%). Analysis of the 20 cases of urinary retention revealed that cases having retention after previous operations and having nothing done about it invariably went into retention again. The retention rate after the 24 epidural anaesthetics was 16.7% and the retention rate after the 232 general anaesthetic cases was 6.9%. This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.10). PMID- 6805455 TI - An abattoir survey of diseases of feral goats. AB - Caseous lymphadenitis was the most frequently encountered pathological condition in 3,720 feral goats examined during routine meat inspection procedures. Among 9 separate consignments of animals, the prevalence of infection averaged 7.4% (range 0.3% to 18.8%). The majority of lesions were seen in lymph nodes draining superficial body areas although many also occurred in internal nodes and organs. Corynebacterium ovis was isolated from 25 of 32 lesions submitted for bacteriological examination. Other conditions regularly encountered included pneumonia, cysticercosis, sarcosporidiosis and lice infestation, while myonecrosis, pleurisy, pericarditis, nephritis, hepatitis, cirrhosis and mite infestation were only occasionally found. A total of 171 serum samples were collected and tested against 17 antigens. Samples from 57.9% and 51.5% of goats showed positive serological reactions to the antigens for sarcosporidiosis and Q fever respectively. PMID- 6805457 TI - Tumour associated antigens in bovine horn cancer. AB - Tumour associated antigens in bovine horn cancer (HC) were demonstrated by immunodiffusion in agar gel and by immuno-fluorescence. Antiserums raised in rabbits against sonicated pooled horn cancer tissue extracts and absorbed with normal antigens, reacted only with HC extracts on agar gel diffusion. Preparations of normal antigen (skin, horn core epithelium, lymph node and liver) and extracts from other tumours (fibroma, fibrosarcoma and myxoma) did not show any reactivity against absorbed antiserum in this test. The absorbed antiserum showing specific reactivity to HC extracts in gel diffusion tests was conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate. Many different HC, normal cells and cells from other tumours were incubated with the conjugate and examined by fluorescent microscopy. HC cells showed specific beaded fluorescence on the surface whereas such fluorescence was not observed in normal cells or cells from other tumours. PMID- 6805458 TI - A comparative survey using the gel diffusion precipitin and haemagglutination inhibition tests for porcine parvovirus antibody. PMID- 6805456 TI - In vitro degradation of organophosphorus insecticides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fleece-rot lesions of sheep. PMID- 6805459 TI - Isolation of caprine-arthritis virus and detection of agar-gel immunodiffusion antibodies in goats. PMID- 6805460 TI - The role of proteoglycans at the beginning of the calcification process: histochemical and ultrastructural observations. PMID- 6805461 TI - Calmodulin activation of rat lung adenylate cyclase is independent of the cytoplasmic factors modulating the enzyme. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity in the rat lung membranes washed with 150 microM-EGTA was stimulated by calmodulin in the presence of 100 microM-Ca2+. The calmodulin activation of the enzyme was concentration-dependent; however, at high concentrations the activation was diminished. Activation of adenylate cyclase by calmodulin was immediate, reversible and due to an increase in the Vmax. without apparent effect on the affinity of the enzyme for ATP. The rat lung supernatant produced additive activation of the adenylate cyclase that was already maximally stimulated by calmodulin, indicating that either calmodulin and cytoplasmic factors act at different sites on adenylate cyclase or different adenylate cyclases may be involved. The data further support our previous conclusion that calmodulin is not involved in the activation of adenylate cyclase by cytoplasmic factors in rat lungs. PMID- 6805462 TI - Spermidine oxidase in human pregnancy serum. Probable identity with diamine oxidase. AB - Diamine oxidase was previously measured in human pregnancy serum with putrescine or histamine as substrate. We have now documented the presence of spermidine oxidase activity in pregnancy serum by means of a specific radioactive assay with [14C]spermidine as substrate and Dowex 50 cation-exchange chromatography to separate products from substrate. The apparent Km of a partially purified preparation of this enzyme for spermidine was 10.9 microM and the Ki for aminoguanidine was 0.8 microM. The pH optimum (pH 9.0) and temperature optimum (55 degrees C) were identical with those for diamine oxidase. Spermidine oxidase activity and diamine oxidase activity eluted in a concerted fashion when pregnancy serum was subjected to cadaverine-Sepharose chromatography, gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. Spermidine oxidase became detectable in serum during pregnancy in the human approx. 8 weeks after the last menstrual period and increased with gestational age in concert with the increase in diamine oxidase activity, reaching a plateau at 20 weeks of gestation. Foetal-cord serum displayed virtually no activity of either enzyme. A 400-fold-purified preparation of diamine oxidase retained the same diamine oxidase/spermidine oxidase ratio as exhibited by crude pregnancy serum. These data suggest that in pregnancy serum, unlike foetal bovine serum, spermidine oxidase and diamine oxidase activity may be a single enzyme protein. PMID- 6805463 TI - The refolding of denatured rabbit muscle creatine kinase. Search for intermediates in the refolding process and effect of modification at the reactive thiol group on refolding. AB - A number of aspects of the refolding of denatured rabbit muscle creatine kinase have been studied. Addition of substrates has no effect on the rate or extent of regain of activity. The changes in protein fluorescence during refolding broadly parallel the regain of activity. A study of the susceptibility of the enzyme to proteolysis during refolding indicates that there is no significant accumulation of folded, but inactive, intermediates in the folding process. Modification of the reactive thiol group on each subunit of the enzyme by small reagents such as iodoacetate or iodoacetamide prior to denaturation has only a small effect on the rate of subsequent refolding. However, modification by the bulky reagent 6-(4 iodoacetamidophenyl)aminonaphthalene-2-sulphonate has a very large effect on the ability of the enzyme to refold after denaturation. PMID- 6805464 TI - Development of glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase in the cotyledons of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings. AB - Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase had been reported to be present exclusively in the peroxisomes of plant leaves and to participate in the glycollate pathway in leaf photorespiration (Tolbert (1971) Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 22, 45-74]. Glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase activity was already present in the etiolated cotyledons of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings, and increased during greening. The enzyme was present only in the cytosol of the etiolated cotyledons and appeared in the peroxisomes during greening. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity from the cytosol of the etiolated cotyledons and from the peroxisomes of the green cotyledons of cucumber seedlings. The two enzyme preparations had nearly identical enzymic and physical properties. On the basis of these findings, roles of glutamate:glyoxylate aminotransferase in the glycollate pathway in photorespiration, and the mechanism of its appearance in the peroxisomes during greening, are discussed. PMID- 6805465 TI - Catalytic properties of lysyl hydroxylase from cells synthesizing genetically different collagen types. AB - Crude preparations of lysyl hydroxylase were extracted from chick-embryo tendons synthesizing exclusively type I collagen, chick-embryo sterna synthesizing exclusively type II collagen and HT-1080 sarcoma cells synthesizing exclusively type IV collagen. No differences were found in the Km values for Fe2+, 2 oxoglutarate and ascorbate between these three enzymes preparations. Similarly no differences were found in the Km values for type I and type II protocollagens and the rate at which type IV protocollagen is hydroxylated between these enzyme preparations. The extent to which type I protocollagen could be hydroxylated by the three enzymes was likewise identical. These data strongly argue against the existence of collagen-type-specific lysyl hydroxylase isoenzymes. PMID- 6805466 TI - Evolutionary significance of the renal excretion of transferrin half-molecule fragments. AB - It is generally thought that the duplicated structure of serum transferrin in vertebrates arose by gene duplication and fusion from a small ancestral protein. We have found that the isolated domains of transferrin are rapidly lost from the bloodstream via the kidneys. Therefore we suggest that the ancestral transferrin was not a serum protein or, alternatively, that it was not as small as the half molecule. PMID- 6805467 TI - Classification and genetic expression of Wistar rats with high and low hepatic microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity towards androsterone. AB - Male and female Wistar rats with high and low hepatic microsomal UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity towards androsterone were classified by partial hepatectomy. The breeding experiments between the classified high-activity and low-activity rats show that the genetic expression of the high transferase activity is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. PMID- 6805468 TI - Characterization, purification and synthesis of spore-coat protein in Bacillus megaterium KM. AB - The spore-coat fraction from Bacillus megaterium KM, when prepared by extraction of lysozyme-digested integuments with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulphate) and urea, contains three N-terminal residues and a major component of apparent mol.wt. 17500. Electron microscopy of this fraction shows it to consist of an ordered multilamellar structure similar to that which forms the coat region of intact spores. The 17500-dalton protein, which has been purified to homogeneity, has an N-terminal methionine residue, has high contents of glycine, proline, cysteine and acidic amino acids and readily polymerized even in the presence of thiol reducing agents. It is first synthesized between late Stage IV and early Stage V, which correlates with the morphological appearance of spore coat. Before Stage VI the 17500-dalton protein is extractable from sporangia by SDS in the absence of thiol-reducing reagents. Between Stage VI and release of mature spores the protein becomes resistant to extraction by SDS unless it is supplemented by a thiol-reducing reagent. In addition to that of the spore-coat protein, the timing of synthesis of all the integument proteins was analysed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and non-equilibrium pH-gradient electrophoresis. Several integument proteins are conservatively synthesized from as early as 1h after the end of exponential growth (t1), which may reflect protein incorporation into the spore outer membrane. PMID- 6805471 TI - Experimental hypoxia and lipid peroxide in rats. PMID- 6805470 TI - Polyamines in mycoplasmas and in mycoplasma-infected tumour cells. AB - Three out of four different mycoplasma strains analysed for the polyamine contents contained relatively high concentrations of putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine and spermine. In addition to ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity, the mycoplasmas also exhibited comparable or higher lysine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.18) activity fully resistant to the action of 2 difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase. 2-Difluoromethylornithine did not modify the polyamine pattern of actively growing mycoplasmas. Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and L1210 mouse leukemia cells infected with any of the four mycoplasma strains contained, in addition to putrescine, spermidine and spermine, and also easily measurable concentrations of cadaverine; the latter diamine was absent in uninfected cultures. When the infected cells were exposed to difluoromethylornithine, the accumulation of cadaverine was markedly enhanced. The modification of cellular polyamine pattern by mycoplasmas, especially in the presence of inhibitors of eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase, could conceivably be used as an indicator of mycoplasma infection in cultured animal cells. PMID- 6805469 TI - Monensin inhibits synthesis of proteoglycan, but not of hyaluronate, in chondrocytes. AB - Monensin (10nm-1mum) inhibited the incorporation of [(35)S]sulphate and [(3)H]glucosamine into proteoglycans by rat chondrosarcoma cells, but the incorporation of [(3)H]glucosamine into hyaluronate was unaffected. The results suggest that hyaluronate synthesis occurs in a cell compartment separate from chondroitin sulphate synthesis. PMID- 6805472 TI - Studies of the mode of action of antitumour triazenes and triazines-III. Metabolism studies on hexamethylmelamine. AB - These is good evidence that the antitumour agent hexamethylmelamine (HMM) undergoes oxidative metabolic activation which might occur in the liver and/or extrahepatically. The hepatic microsomal N-methylmelamine metabolizing enzymes were investigated in mice and exhibited different affinities for different melamine derivatives. The apparent Km values are 0.09 mM for HMM, 0.23 mM for pentamethylmelamine, 0.91 mM for 2,2,4,6-tetramethylmelamine and 1.7 mM for trimethylmelamine. HMM inhibited its own metabolism in vitro at substrate concentrations greater than 0.05 mM. Its hepatic microsomal N-demethylation rate was reduced when the mice were pretreated with the hepatic glutathione depleting agent methyliodide. Injection of hexaethylmelamine, a derivative of HMM without antineoplastic properties against the M5076 sarcoma in mice, lead to plasma concentrations of drug and metabolite pentaethylmelamine which were only a fraction of the drug and metabolite levels achieved after a similar dose of HMM. PMID- 6805474 TI - Calcium-stimulated glutamate decarboxylase activity in brain slices. PMID- 6805475 TI - The intracellular distribution of liver cell calcium in normal rats and one hour after administration of carbon tetrachloride. AB - In order to recognize the significance of elevated liver calcium level in the early phase of carbon tetrachloride intoxication, the subcellular distribution of calcium in liver was investigated one hour after administration of CCl4 intraperitoneally. During preparation of subcellular fractions attempts were made to prevent redistribution of calcium by adding Ruthenium Red and EGTA or LaCl3 to homogenization medium, and by shortening of differential centrifugation to a minimum. The latter caused a loss of purity in sub cellular fractions which was overcome by correction of calcium values from atom absorption spectrometry by means of marker enzyme activity. The calcium levels in normal rat liver were found to be 70 nmoles/g liver wet wt in cytosol, 310 nmoles/g liver in microsomes and about 500 nmoles/g liver in mitochondria. A minor part of the latter fraction may belong to nuclei and plasma membranes. One hour after CCl4 administration calcium levels in cytoplasma were not altered, in microsomes were decreased to 200 nmoles/g liver and in mitochondria were elevated to 2.5 mumoles/g liver. In rats pretreated with vitamin D the whole additional calcium, after carbon tetrachloride application in the range of 9 mumoles/g liver, was sequestrated in mitochondria. In the early phase of carbon tetrachloride intoxication all border membranes of liver cells have to participate in bringing about the reversible increase of liver cell calcium. PMID- 6805476 TI - Prevention by chlorpromazine of lysosomal enzyme release caused by a transitory ischaemia. Effect of hypothermia. PMID- 6805473 TI - Anticonvulsant and biochemical effects of inhibitors of GABA aminotransferase and valproic acid during subchronic treatment in mice. AB - Mice were treated with different doses of the GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T) inhibitors aminooxyacetic acid, gamma-acetylenic acid, gamma-vinyl GABA and ethanolamine-O-sulphate via the drinking water for periods of 1-12. All drugs caused marked elevations of whole brain GABA concentrations within 4 days of treatment which were associated with increases in the electroconvulsive threshold. However, the effect on seizure threshold could not be enhanced by an increase in the daily dosage of the GABA-T inhibitors and, especially with higher doses, tolerance to the anticonvulsant effect developed. At least in part, this finding may be attributed to a decrease in the activity of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme responsible for GABA synthesis. On the other hand, with valproic acid (VPA) no tendency towards a reduced anticonvulsant effectiveness during medication was observed. VPA caused only non-significant increases in cerebral GABA levels but elevated brain GAD activity significantly. No behavioral changes were seen following subchronic administration of GABA-T inhibitors and VPA except in cases where the daily fluid intake was markedly reduced. Our data suggest that the anticonvulsant efficacy of long term treatment with GABA-T inhibitors is limited by the development of compensatory mechanisms, such as reduction of GAD activity, which in turn reduce the amount of GABA available for synaptic transmission, though overall GABA concentrations in the brain are highly elevated. Drug such as VPA which cause only moderate effects on GABA metabolism seem superior in this respect. PMID- 6805478 TI - GTP depletion and other erythrocyte abnormalities in inherited PNP deficiency. AB - GTP levels were low and NAD+ levels high in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficient erythrocytes, in addition to the raised deoxy-GTP (dGTP) levels previously noted by others. dGTP was also identified in the PNP deficient child's lymphocytes. A further novel finding was the conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine by the PNP deficient red cells, as compared to inosine monophosphate (IMP) in controls. This has been attributed to IMP formation with subsequent breakdown, and raises interesting questions regarding the controls which normally maintain erythrocyte nucleotide pools. These findings may also explain the gross purine overproduction seen in this defect; they may likewise be related to the associated immunodeficiency, anaemia, and other clinical manifestations. The results may also have important implications for the development and clinical use of PNP inhibitors. PMID- 6805477 TI - Differential induction of rat liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activites by various inducing agents. AB - The selectivity of various inducers of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase was investigated in rat liver microsomes and compared with their effect on monooxygenase reactions. (1) Similar to 3-methyl-cholanthrene beta-naphthoflavone selectively stimulated the glucuronidation of 1-naphthol and 4 methylumbelliferone (GT1 substrates). (2) In contrast, DDT preferentially enhanced the glucuronidation of morphine, 4-hydroxybiphenyl (GT2 substrates) and bilirubin, similar to phenobarbital. (3) Colfibric acid and bezafibrate selectively enhanced bilirubin glucuronidation without affecting GT1 and GT2 reactions. (4) Similar to ethoxyquin and Aroclor 1254, trans-stilbene oxide enhanced both GT1 and GT2 activities but not bilirubin glucuronidation. (5) In contrast to 3-methylcholanthrene-type inducers which induce both cytochrome P 450MC and GT1, probably through a common receptor protein, ethoxyquin and trans stilbene oxide markedly induced GT1 reactions without affecting benzo[a]pyrene monooxygenase. PMID- 6805479 TI - FDA Arthritis Advisory Committee meeting. PMID- 6805480 TI - Studies of the influence of nitroglycerin on the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane A2 and on platelet aggregation. AB - Nitroglycerin (NG) did not influence the synthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in organs and microsomal fractions of various animal species (rat, pig, rabbit). NG is an inhibitor of platelet aggregation in vitro dependent on NG dose and platelet activator. NG is able to disaggregate ADP-induced platelet aggregation. An increased antiaggregatory effect was observed when a low concentration of PGI2 was combined with NG. PMID- 6805481 TI - [Cardiovascular effects of (+)- and (-)-tranylcypromine compared to other monoamine oxidase inhibitors in animal studies (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of (+)- and (-)-tranylcypromine (TCP), (-)-deprenyl and pargyline was tested and the interaction of these MAO inhibitors with tyramine and noradrenaline was compared on the circulation of the cat and on the isolated guinea-pig atria. 1. Anesthetised cats: An i.v. injection of 1 mg/kg of (+)- as well as (-)-TCP leads to an increase in the blood pressure and dp/dtmax. This effect is getting weaker on repeated doses. (-)-Deprenyl and pargyline decrease blood pressure and dp/dtmax. After a preadministration of (+)-TCP or pargyline the effect of tyramine on the blood pressure and contractility is prolonged. (-) TCP prolongs slightly the cardiac effect of tyramine and is less effective than (+)-TCP. (-)-Deprenyl does not influence the effect of tyramine. The noradrenaline effect is not affected by the MAO-inhibitors. 2. Conscious cats: An i.v. injection of (+)- as well as (-)-TCP increases the blood pressure and decreases the heart rate. Desipramine (DMI) blocks this effect. Preadministration of (+)- as well as (-)-TCP and pargyline, but not (-)-deprenyl, potentiates the effect of tyramine on the blood pressure. According to this activity one can arrange these MAO-inhibitors as follows: (+)-TCP greater than (-)-TCP greater than pargyline. 3. Atrial preparations of guinea pigs: (+)- and (-)-TCP have a positive inotropic effect at concentrations from 10(-6) to 10(-5) mol/l, which is blocked by bupranolol and DMI. A pretreatment with reserpine prevents the effect of (-)- and weakens that of (+)-TCP. (+)-TCP, pargyline and (-)-deprenyl potentiate the effect of tyramine, while that of noradrenaline is potentiated by (+)- as well as (-)-TCP and (-)-deprenyl. PMID- 6805482 TI - [Influence of centrophenoxine on the incorporation of 32P into glycerophosphatides of neurons and gliocytes (author's transl)]. AB - Investigations on the incorporation of intraventricularly injected 32P in neuronal and glial phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and ethanolamine plasmalogen at intervals ranging from 5 to 60 min showed different incorporation rates of the radioactive precursor into neuronal and glial phosphatides. The incorporation rate of 32P into the different glycerophosphatides was faster in neurons as compared to the gliocyte compartment. Phosphatidylinositol showed the fastest and ethanolamine plasmalogen the slowest incorporation of 32P in both neurons and gliocytes. Centrophenoxine (meclofenoxate, Helfergin) increased the incorporation of 32P into phosphatidylserine and ethanolamine plasmalogen of both glial and neuronal cell bodies whereas the incorporation of the radioactive precursor into phosphatidylcholine was slightly inhibited. The incorporation rate into phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine was not influenced by centrophenoxine. The data obtained in the present work suggest that centrophenoxine may stimulate excitatory neurons and may be involved in the process of synaptic transmission and axonal conduction. PMID- 6805485 TI - [Tiapride therapy of centrally produced dyskinesia. Examination of the serum levels of protein, LH and FSH (author's transl)]. AB - The effect of N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-methoxy-5-(methylsulfonyl)-benzamide hydrochloride (tiapride, Tiapridex), a dopamine antagonist, on the serum levels of prolactin, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied on 20 healthy individuals and 10 patients with dyskinesia resulting from extrapyramidal disorders. Daily doses of 300 mg in healthy subjects and 300-800 mg in patients with dyskinesia resulted from CNS disorders, were found to increase serum prolactin levels without causing amenorrhoea or galactorrhoea. The drug seemed to have no effect on LH and FSH concentrations in the serum. PMID- 6805486 TI - The effects of early-life undernutrition and subsequent environment on morphological parameters of the rat brain. AB - The investigation examines the extent to which lasting effects of early-life undernutrition on the brain of rats can be modified by manipulating the amount of environmental stimulation later. Infant rats were undernourished during the vulnerable brain growth spurt in the lactation period; then after two months of unrestricted feeding, they were placed in enriched or impoverished environments. Measurements of the forebrain, posterior cerebral cortex and hippocampus showed that neither undernutrition nor environmental stimulation affected the brain uniformly and that some parameters were more susceptible to one condition than the other. Where nutritional and environmental conditions affected the same anatomical dimensions, their combined effects appeared to be additive rather than synergistic. PMID- 6805483 TI - Thyroliberin (thyrotropin releasing hormone): antagonism of halothane and hexobarbital narcosis in mice. Comparison with pentetrazol, caffeine, d amphetamine and adrenaline. AB - The effect of L-pyroglutamyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (thyroliberin, thyrotropin releasing hormone, TRH) on halothane and hexobarbital narcosis was investigated in mice and compared with pentetrazol, caffeine, d-amphetamine and adrenaline. TRH shortened dose-dependently the halothane and hexobarbital sleeping-time with ED50 values of 3.1 and 6.6 mg/kg s.c., respectively. The analeptic effect of TRH was superior to all reference compounds in terms of potency, efficacy and drug safety. Due to its ergotropic activity TRH may be a useful aid in anaesthesiology and intensive care. PMID- 6805484 TI - An osmotic explanation for valproic acid induced choleresis in the rat, dog and monkey. AB - I.v. administration of sodium valproate (NaVPA), the sodium salt of 2-n propylpentanoic acid, VPA, Depakene), to rats and dogs caused an immediate stimulation of bile flow, the magnitude and duration of which was dependent on the dose. In rats given 14C-erythritol, a linear relationship between biliary clearance of erythritol and bile flow indicated that the choleresis was canalicular, rather than ductular, in origin. Increased bile flow was not mediated through an enhanced output of bile acids. Bile produced during choleresis was lower in chloride and bicarbonate concentrations than equivalent bile from control rats given only saline i.v. This anion gap was more than compensated by the amount of VPA-glucuronide (anionic at physiological pH values) in the bile. A close linear relationship existed between the volume of additional bile produced and the amount of conjugated VPA excreted in the bile. The results support the hypothesis that VPA induces choleresis by the osmotic effects of transport of its metabolites across the canalicular membrane. PMID- 6805487 TI - Posterior inferotemporal neuron activities during a visual fixation task and a visual tracking task. AB - Single neuron activities were recorded from the posterior inferotemporal cortex (PIT) while a monkey was fixating or tracking a target spot. Of 168 recorded neurons, 86 were activated by the extrafoveal slit stimuli; 48 were activated during eye fixation. Twenty were activated only during tracking, and not by fixation or a extrafoveal slit stimuli. It was suggested the PIT participates not only in the perception mechanisms but also in the foveation mechanisms such as fixation or tracking. PMID- 6805488 TI - [Thermal effects of Nd:YAG and Co2 lasers on biological tissues]. AB - The surgical use of CO2 c.w. laser as a knife and of Nd:YAG laser as photocoagulator is generally explained in terms of the different absorption coefficients of the water contained in high amount in the living tissues at the operating wavelengths of the two sources (alphaCO2 congruent to 10(2) cm(-1), alpha Nd congruent to 1cm(-1)). This approach can be shown to be incorrect once spectrophotometric measurements carried out on a mucous membrane and blood give the values gammaCO2 = 200 cm(-1) and gamma Nd = 10 cm(-1) for the effective absorption coefficient (the effective coefficient is gamma = alpha + beta where beta is the internal light scattering coefficient). It is worth noting that gammaCO2 congruent to alpha CO2 but gammaNd congruent to 10alphaNd. Then we have calculated the temperature distribution on tissues irradiated either by Co2 or by Nd laser. In the Co2 irradiation two energy transfer mechanisms are present: the surface optical absorption and the thermal diffusion in the bulk of the tissue. Under Nd irradiation the optical absorption of internally scattered radiation must also be taken into account. The calculation model is based on the classical heat equation, but assuming a "source" given by the expression S (r,z; t) = alpha [IB (r,z; t)+IS (r,z;t)], where IB and IS are respectively the direct and scattered components of a beam propagating along a z direction perpendicular to the tissue surface. The general expression of the temperature increases deltaT (r,z;t) have been obtained for both laser sources. The calculation show that even a few watts CO2 laser can induce a surface temperature rise of about 60 degrees C with negligible bulk effects, depending only on the thermal conductivity and on the irradiation time (knife effect). On the contrary a 40 w Nd:YAG laser induces a 50 degrees C temperature rise in the whole thickness of the tissue becoming in this way unable to "cut" even though it coagulates a region much larger than the beam dimensions. PMID- 6805489 TI - [Action of salicylates on the disappearance of bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) phagocytized by polymorphonuclear cells]. AB - This is a study of the modifications caused by acetylsalicylic acid and CuII (aspirinate)4 in the speed with which phagocytized bacteria disappear from polymorphonuclears (PMN) of the peritoneal exudate of guinea pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid inhibits the normal processes that cause the disappearance of the phagocytized bacteria; CuII (aspirinate)4, on the contrary, at low concentration (5 10(-6)) and during the first 45 minutes, causes an evident increase in the speed of disappearance of bacteria from PMN. PMID- 6805492 TI - The response of canine intracranial pressure to systemic hypotension induced with nitroglycerine. AB - Changes in intracranial pressure were studied in 18 greyhounds in relation to decreases in systemic arterial pressure produced by nitroglycerine. At normal values of i.c.p. (less than 12 mm Hg) GTN produced an increase in i.c.p. of 3.1 (+/- 0.6) mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). Under conditions of increased i.c.p. (12 + mm Hg) small decreases in mean arterial pressure (m.a.p.) (less than 25% control) were associated with an increase of 4.7 (+/- 0.5) mm Hg, whereas larger decreases in m.a.p. (greater than 25% control) were associated with a decrease of 3.2 (+/- 0.9) mm Hg in i.c.p. In 11 of 19 observations in which a decrease in intracranial pressure had occurred in association with systemic hypotension there was a rebound increase in i.c.p. as m.a.p. was restored. It is suggested that i.c.p. be decreased before this drug is used to produce hypotension during neurosurgery. PMID- 6805491 TI - Control of breathing after fentanyl and Innovar anaesthesia. AB - Ventilation (VI), end-tidal (PCO2), mixed venous (PvCO2) and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide were measured before surgery, and during the first 4 h of recovery in 18 adult patients who underwent elective limb surgery under fentanyl or Innovar anaesthesia. End-tidal and mixed venous PCO2 were increased significantly in the first 150 min after the last dose of drug (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.01), but had returned to control values by 4 h. Ventilation and ventilatory response to carbon dioxide were significantly depressed in all patients (P less than 0.001), but returned to near control values at 4 h. Fentanyl and Innovar anaesthesia displaced the carbon dioxide response to the right, but no correlation was found between either the magnitude of the displacement of the response curve or the alteration in slope and the control values. This suggests that patients with a low value of VI/PCO2 are not more susceptible to the ventilatory depressed action of narcotic anaesthetics. Recovery of ventilatory responsiveness towards normal during the 4 h after anaesthesia, occurred in a graded and progressive manner, there was no evidence of a biphasic pattern of recovery. PMID- 6805493 TI - Distribution of UDP-glucuronyltransferase in different human foetal tissues. PMID- 6805490 TI - [Cerebral blood flow (CBF) with 133Xe inhalation method--CBF study during CO2 inhalation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805494 TI - Bupropion fails to affect plasma prolactin and growth hormone in normal subjects. PMID- 6805495 TI - A controlled trial of oral sodium cromoglycate in atopic eczema. AB - A placebo-controlled double-blind crossover trial of oral sodium cromoglycate was undertaken in thirty children with atopic eczema, employing the dosage and administration schedule recommended by the manufacturers. No difference was detected between the effects of 4 weeks' treatment with sodium cromoglycate and placebo. PMID- 6805496 TI - Paramyxovirus-like inclusions and lymphocyte type in the REM syndrome. PMID- 6805497 TI - Predictive value of ultrasound measurement in early pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial. AB - Early fetal biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements were obtained with ultrasound in 1062 women attending for antenatal care; a random half had the results withheld from the obstetricians. Of the 1026 women who were sure of the dates of their last normal menstrual period, 829 (81%) were found to have appropriate biparietal diameter measurements, in 3% the pregnancy was more than 2 weeks further advanced and in 14% more than 2 weeks less than calculated. In 30% of the women whose results were intended to be withheld, the code had to be broken because of clinical concern. There were no differences in fetal outcome (birthweight centile, Apgar score at 1 min and perinatal mortality) in the women whose BPD results were known compared with those whose results were withheld from the obstetrician. But a significantly larger number of labours were induced for suspected growth retardation when the gestational age was known. PMID- 6805498 TI - Effect of dexamethasone on amniotic fluid absorbance in Rh-sensitized pregnancy. AB - Five Rh-sensitized pregnant women between 23 and 30 weeks gestation, with a poor obstetric history and initially high delta A450 values, were treated with weekly doses of 24 mg of dexamethasone over a period of 2-7 weeks to enhance fetal lung maturation. Four women showed a gradual decline in delta A450 during the treatment. All five deliveries were delayed until fetal lung maturity was confirmed by amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and all five fetuses survived. It is possible that high doses of dexamethasone delayed the anticipated intrauterine deterioration of the fetuses and may have prevented the need for intrauterine transfusions. PMID- 6805499 TI - A randomized double-blind cross-over trial into the effect of norethisterone on climacteric symptoms and biochemical profiles. AB - A randomized double-blind cross-over study into the effect of northisterone on climacteric symptoms was performed on 23 postmenopausal women. Active therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the number and severity of hot flushes and night sweats. There was also a slight improvement in memory, insomnia and lack of energy but the other climacteric symptoms were not consistently altered. Side effects were minimal. There was a significant reduction in serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels. There was a variable effect on serum creatinine and urea but there was no significant alteration in the other biochemical profiles, liver-function tests, weight or blood pressure. PMID- 6805500 TI - Antimicrobial activity of topical anaesthetic preparations. AB - Eight commercial topical anaesthetic preparations were tested for their ability to inhibit microbial growth in vitro by incubating serial dilutions with each of 4 micro-organisms. In addition corneas of mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect of the anaesthetics on isolation rates of bacteria was investigated. The preparations were shown to have a wide range of antimicrobial activity, correlating both with the active agents and the preservatives. We suggest that some preparations are unsuitable for use prior to collection of specimens from human corneal ulcers. PMID- 6805503 TI - Intragastric infusion of nutrients in cattle. AB - 1. A method of continuous alimentation of cattle by total infusion of nutrients has been developed. Friesian steers within the weight range 100-400 kg live weight and dairy cows were used. 2. A multi-channel peristaltic pump was used to infuse solutions of volatile fatty acids (VFA), minerals, and buffer through a cannula in the rumen and a casein-vitamin solution into the abomasum. 3. The method described was successfully used with two cows and four steers in a series of trials over intervals of approximately 2 months. The levels of infusion were up to twice maintenance and with various relative proportions of VFA and protein. Blood metabolite levels, rumen osmotic pressure and pH were monitored and effectively controlled. PMID- 6805501 TI - High-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol in protein-energy malnutrition. AB - 1. Plasma total cholesterol, high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol total protein, albumin and globulin levels were estimated in blood samples from thirty children with kwashiorkor, thirty-five with marasmus, twenty-eight with marasmic kwashiorkor and twenty-seven control children. 2. HDL-cholesterol was estimated after the very-low-density and low-density lipoproteins were precipitated from the plasma with heparin and manganese chloride. 3. The distribution of HDL cholesterol in the control and in the children with PEM was skewed and the range of values was wide. The values were independent of age and sex. 4. After logarithmic transformation of the HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol:total cholesterol values, the geometric mean values for the three groups of children with PEM were significantly decreased when compared with values for the control children. 5. The decrease in the mean HDL-cholesterol value for the children with kwashiorkor was more than for children with marasmus and marasmic-kwashiorkor. PMID- 6805504 TI - The determination of the minimal nitrogen excretion in steers and dairy cows and its physiological and practical implications. AB - 1. Cattle were maintained by intragastric infusion to see how much nitrogen was excreted on protein-free diets. 2. Minimal N excretion was estimated with two dairy cows in three periods, i.e. when they were non-pregnant and non-lactating, when they were between 117 and 133 d pregnant and when they were between 220 and 233 d pregnant. The minimal N excretion was also estimated on two occasions with two steers when their average live weights were 200 and 350 kg. 3. Average urinary N excretion without protein infusion was 298, 305 and 283 mg/kg metabolic live weight (W0.75) for the non-pregnant cows and for cows during the first and second periods of pregnancy respectively; total N excretion including the faecal N was 340, 329 and 319 g/kg W0.75. 4. For steers the urinary N values were 403 and 295 mg/kg W0.75 at 200 and 350 kg live weight respectively and total N excretion including faecal N was 408 and 320 mg/kg W0.75. 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine was the same for animals given casein via the abomasum as a source of protein or given no protein with mean values for the cows of 13.6 and 14.9 g/d for the first and second stages of pregnancy respectively. Mean values for the steers were 6.5 and 7.6 g creatinine/d at 200 and 350 kg live weight respectively. 6. It is suggested that the so-called metabolic faecal N in ruminants, estimated with N-free diets, is mainly, endogenous N derived from tissue breakdown of protein but incorporated in microbial debris and excreted in the faeces. PMID- 6805505 TI - Mechanism of light-induced reduction of biological redox centers by amino acids. A flash photolysis study of flavin photoreduction by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and nitrilotriacetate. AB - The mechanism of flavin photoreduction by the amino acids, EDTA, and nitrilotriacetate is shown to be due to light-induced charge separation, which is irreversible in the dark. The irreversibility originates from the decarboxylation of the amino acid radical. This fast process changes the redox properties of the radical and makes a further donation of an electron equivalent possible. In the case of EDTA the electron acceptor of the second electron is flavin, which was left unexcited by the flash or is formed by dismutation from the flavosemiquinone, generated in the primary one-electron transfer process. In contrast to this, a mechanism for the flavin photoreduction by nitrilotriacetate is proposed, in which the decarboxylated nitrilotriacetate radical adds to the flavosemiquinone to yield an alkylated flavohydroquinone. The latter decays to free reduced or oxidized flavin, depending on the position of addition at the flavin chromophore. The difference in reaction mechanism between the nitrite anion, EDTA, and nitrilotriacetate is discussed in terms of differences in molecular structure. PMID- 6805502 TI - Short-lived radionuclides in nutritional physiology. A model study with L-[Me 11C]methionine in the pig. AB - 1. A "new" carbon radioisotope, 11C, for use in nutritional studies is presented. It has a 20 min half-life, and decays by positron emission giving annihilation photons of 511 keV energy (Wolf & Redvanly, 1977). Thus repeated studies can be made with short time intervals and the distribution of radioactivity in the experimental animal can be detected externally. 2. 11C was produced with a tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and L-[me-11C]methionine was synthesized and used in model experiments in the pig. The tracer was administered intravenously through a catheter in the jugular vein of pigs weighing between 40 and 100 kg. In a series of experiments, one pig received a low-methionine diet supplemented with DL methionine to give three different levels of methionine intake. 3. The radioactivity distribution between liver and muscle was measured as a function of time by external detector for 2-3 h after administration. Blood and exhaled CO2 were sampled and measured for radioactivity. 4. The results indicate that 11C is a useful radionuclide in nutritional studies in intact large domestic animals.U PMID- 6805506 TI - Oxidative destruction of erythrocyte ghost membranes catalyzed by the doxorubicin iron complex. PMID- 6805508 TI - Noncovalent binding of 7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha epoxytetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene to deoxyribonucleic acid and its catalytic effect on the hydrolysis of the diol epoxide to tetrol. AB - In the presence of native DNA the hydrolysis of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol 9,10 epoxide (BPDE) to tetrols (BPT) is markedly accelerated (by a factor of up to approximately 80 at 25 degrees C, pH 7.0, in 5 mM sodium cacodylate buffer solution). When stopped-flow kinetic techniques are utilized, it is shown that the pseudo-first-order hydrolysis rate constant kH is smaller by a factor of approximately 3 in the presence of equivalent concentrations of denatured DNA, by a factor of 8-25 in the presence of nucleotides, and by a factor of 35-45 in the presence of nucleosides (depending on the nucleotide or nucleoside). In the presence of native DNa, kH increases with increasing DNA concentration and reaches a limiting value of kH = 0.684 +/- 0.04 s-1 at DNA concentrations in excess of approximately 5 x 10(-4) M (expressed in concentration of nucleotides). A kinetic model based on (1) rapid formation of a noncovalent BPDE-DNA complex followed by (2) slower hydrolysis of BPDE to BPT at these binding sites is consistent with the experimental data. It is shown furthermore that the DNA concentration dependence of kH and of noncovalent intercalative binding of BPDE to DNA is similar and that addition of magnesium ions (which is known to reduce intercalative binding of planar aromatic molecules to DNA) also reduces kH. These results suggest, but do not necessarily prove, that the DNA binding sites at which the hydrolysis of BPDE (to BPT) is catalyzed are intercalative in nature. PMID- 6805507 TI - Multiple activities on phosphorylase kinase. 2. Different specificities toward the protein substrates phosphorylase b, troponin, and phosphorylase kinase. AB - Phosphorylase kinase exhibits three kinds of enzymatic activities. A partial activity, A0, catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b, troponin I, and phosphorylase kinase itself (autophosphorylation); A1 can utilize only phosphorylase b and phosphorylase kinase as the substrate, whereas A2 can utilize only phosphorylase b and troponin T. Stimulation of A1 by Ca2+ coincides with an increase in the number of sites that can undergo self-phosphorylation ranging from ca. 35 to ca. 70 mol of phosphate incorporated/1.28 X 10(6) g of proteins. Inhibition of A0 and A1 by millimolar Ca2+ is accompanied by a decrease in substrate availability during self-phosphorylation. NH4Cl (150 mM) strongly inhibits the availability of troponin as a substrate. In the course of self phosphorylation, the activities A0 and A1 are both stimulated moderately by an increase in pH; however, only A1 shows some inhibition by 150 mM NH4Cl. Millimolar Ca2+ inhibits A1 and A2 as measured by self-phosphorylation or troponin phosphorylation, as observed with the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b [Kilimann, M. W., & Heilmeyer, L. M. G., Jr. (1982) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. The rate of self-phosphorylation varies as a function of substrate concentration (Km = 68 nM at 10 mM Mg2+ and 184 microM Ca2+, pH 9.0). The data indicate that both Ca2+ activation and inhibition seem to be mediated by phosphorylase kinase itself rather than by the substrates. PMID- 6805509 TI - Fragmentation of actin filaments. AB - The kinetics of actin polymerization were analyzed by taking into account nucleation, elongation, and spontaneous fragmentation of filaments. Polymerization curves measured in the presence of potassium (40 mM) were found to be in good agreement with curves calculated for the assumption that nucleation and elongation but no fragmentation reactions occur. Polymerization curves measured in the presence of calcium (1.8 mM) or magnesium (0.6 mM MgCl2 and 0.5 mM EGTA) could only be stimulated by calculated curves when spontaneous fragmentation was assumed to occur in addition to nucleation and elongation. The experiments reported in this study that even in the absence of ultrasonication or shear forces actin filaments may break spontaneously and that the extent of fragmentation depends strongly on the experimental conditions. Spontaneous fragmentation changes the shape of the polymerization curves significantly. When fragmentation of filaments takes place, a relatively long lag phase of polymerization is observed that is followed by a strongly increasing polymerization rate to reach the final constant value quickly. On the other hand, when filaments are formed exclusively by nucleation, the polymerization curves approach the final constant value slowly after a relatively short initial lag phase. PMID- 6805512 TI - Inhibition of thymidylate synthase by hydroxyurea in rapidly proliferating P815 mastocytoma cells. AB - The incorporation of [14C]deoxycytidine, [3H]deoxyuridine, and [3H]thymidine, respectively into pyrimidine bases of DNA has been measured in rapidly proliferating P815 mouse mastocytoma cells in the presence of hydroxyurea. The incorporation of [14C]deoxycytidine-derived radioactivity into DNA cytosines is increased when compared to the incorporation into DNA thymines. The [3H]deoxyuridine-derived radioactivity is incorporated solely into DNA thymines and this incorporation is inhibited by hydroxyurea in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests an inhibitory effect of hydroxyurea on the thymidylate synthase which was proved in experiments in which the conversion of deoxyuridine monophosphate into deoxythymidine monophosphate catalysed by a crude enzyme preparation from P815 cells was inhibited in the presence of hydroxyurea. Enzymatic DNA methylation as measured by the conversion of incorporated [14C]deoxycytidine into 5-methylcytosines was not affected by hydroxyurea. PMID- 6805510 TI - Kinetic and mechanistic analysis of prothrombin-membrane binding by stopped-flow light scattering. PMID- 6805511 TI - Calmodulin-dependent spectrin kinase activity in resealed human erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Membrane protein phosphorylation has been studied in resealed human erythrocyte ghosts by measuring the incorporation of 32P into spectrin and band 3. Norepinephrine- and Ca2+-stimulated phosphate incorporation was diminished in ghosts depleted of calmodulin. Ghosts prepared with endogenous calmodulin showed Ca2+- and norepinephrine-stimulated protein phosphorylation only when the ghosts had been resealed in the presence of (gamma-32P)ATP. Ghosts resealed with or without calmodulin in the presence of unlabeled ATP showed no net gain or loss of 32P when exposed to norepinephrine or a Ca2+-specific ionophore. These observations suggest that Ca2+ and norepinephrine stimulation of membrane protein phosphorylation is mediated by calmodulin-dependent spectrin kinase activity, and not by increased turnover of spectrin ATPase or by inhibition of phosphospectrin phosphatase. PMID- 6805513 TI - Recovery from inhibition of transcription in gamma-irradiated Euglena cells. AB - 1. Transcriptional activity was inhibited with low doses of gamma-irradiation which did not cause the death of cells, but induced the delay of cell division in the unicellular alga Euglena. 2. The incorporation of [14C]uracil into cells was inhibited to about 50% of non-irradiated cells immediately after 3 krad irradiation. 3. The suppressed transcriptional activity was gradually recovered after irradiation. At about 12 h post-irradiation, the rate of incorporation of [14C]uracil recovered to that of non-irradiation cells. 4. The synthesis of ribosomal RNA was inhibited immediately after 3 krad irradiation, but it was recovered within 12 h after irradiation. The synthesis of cytosol ribosomal RNA precursor was more strongly inhibited than that of other cytosol ribosomal RNAs. 5. The synthesis of cytoplasmic organelle ribosomal RNA was also inhibited and recovered after 3 krad irradiation. PMID- 6805514 TI - Loss of tRNA 5-methyluridine methyltransferase and pseudouridine synthetase activities in 5-fluorouracil and 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (ftorafur)-treated Escherichia coli. AB - Transfer RNAs from Escherichia coli B treated with either 5-fluorouracil or its analog, 1-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-5-fluorouracil (ftorafur), contain low levels of 5-fluorouracil, but are grossly deficient in pseudouridine and 5-methyluridine. The enzymes responsible for the formation of these two modified nucleosides, tRNA pseudouridine synthetase and (5-methyluridine)-methyltransferase, show substantially reduced activity levels in extracts from ftorafur- and 5 fluorouracil-treated cells relative to preparations from normal cells. When these tRNA-modifying activities are examined in vitro, both are inhibited by the addition of fluorouridine-containing tRNAs to the reaction mixtures. Pseudouridine synthetase activity shows potent inhibition. These inhibitory properties of fluorouridine-containing tRNAs, plus the inability of tRNA (5 methyluridine)-methyl-transferase to efficiently use fluorouridine-containing tRNAs as substrates, appear to account for the deficiency of 5-methyluridine and pseudouridine in tRNAs from cells containing low levels of 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6805516 TI - A circular dichroism study of sheath contraction in pyocin R1. AB - Pyocin R1, a bacteriocin of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a protein particle shaped like a bacteriophage tail composed of a contractile sheath, core, baseplate and tail fibers. Alkaline treatment with sodium carbonate caused sheath contraction without considerable disassembly of other components. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of pyocin R1 before and after the treatment, and of isolated sheath, were measured in wavelength regions around 220 and 290 nm at neutral pH. The alkaline treatment caused a red shift of the minimum from 208 nm to 212 nm. A marked difference in the CD spectrum was found in the near-ultraviolet region. THe difference is considered to be mainly due to a CD spectra change of tryptophan residues in the sheath subunits. PMID- 6805515 TI - Chloroplastic and cytoplasmic valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases from Euglena gracilis. Comparative study of their structural properties. AB - Chloroplastic and cytoplasmic valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases purified from Euglena gracilis show a monomeric structure. The molecular weights of the two valyl-tRNA synthetases are identical (126,000) while those of the leucyl-tRNA synthetases are different (100 000 for the chloroplastic and 116 000 for the cytoplasmic enzyme). The tryptic maps and the amino acid compositions reveal differences between the chloroplastic valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases and their cytoplasmic homologues. These results suggest that a chloroplastic aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and its cytoplasmic counterpart are coded for by distinct genes. PMID- 6805518 TI - [Reversible effect of intensive light on photobiochemical properties of Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores]. AB - The effect of high intensity (photosynthesis-saturating) light on the optical properties of the bacteriochlorophyll and the light-induced H+ uptake by R. rubrum chromatophores was studied. It was shown that under aerobic conditions illumination causes reversible inhibition (in the dark) of the chromatophore ability for the light-induced uptake of H+, a reversible inhibition of the photosynthetical reaction center function and irreversible bleaching of the antennal bacteriochlorophyll. A kinetic comparison of spectral effects and reversible changes in pH as well as the effects of atmospheric oxygen and exogenous electron donors suggests that inhibition of photoactivity of the chromatophores upon illumination is due to accumulation of oxidized bacteriochlorophyll in the reaction center. PMID- 6805517 TI - Correlation of substrate-stabilization patterns with proposed mechanisms for three nucleoside phosphorylases. AB - Substrate-stabilization of uridine phosphorylase (uridine:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.3), thymidine phosphorylase (thymidine:orthophosphate deoxyribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.4) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) from Escherichia coli was investigated by heat-inactivation experiments. Nucleoside substrates stabilized uridine phosphorylase and purine-nucleoside phosphorylase, but not thymidine phosphorylase. Aglycone substrates stabilized only uridine phosphorylase. Phosphate or pentose-1-phosphate ester substrates stabilized all three enzymes. The appropriate pentose-1-phosphate ester was a more effective stabilizer than was phosphate with all three enzymes. In previous reports dealing with the kinetic analysis of these phosphorylases, sequential mechanisms were proposed. Each enzyme appeared to have different sequence of substrate addition. The substrate-stabilization patterns reported here are consistent with the proposed mechanisms. PMID- 6805519 TI - [Comparison of the lysogenic properties of the R-, S- and M-variants of Mycobacterium lacticolum]. PMID- 6805521 TI - Effect of ovulation on the ionic and water content of rabbit oviduct. AB - The water content, extracellular space, intracellular water, potassium, sodium and chloride content of oviduct and uterus removed from rabbits in estrus and 24 and 72 h following hCG injection have been determined. Following ovulation, there was an increase in water content of the region of the oviduct corresponding to the ampullary -isthmic junction which, at 24 h, is probably due to increased intracellular water. In the ampullary-isthmic junction, ovulation decreases the potassium content and, at 24 h in the isthmic region of the oviduct, chloride is reduced. The water and ionic content of mucosa and smooth muscle cells has been calculated and mucosa cells have greater intracellular water and chloride and sodium content and less potassium and extracellular space than the smooth muscle cells of the oviduct. The significance of the changes in ionic and water content is discussed. PMID- 6805520 TI - Atypicality in primary depressive illness: a preliminary survey. AB - Primary depressive illness comprises a wide variety of clinical presentations which may represent disorders with different underlying biology, life course, and treatment response. In order to explore possible correlates of such clinical heterogeneity, we have constructed a rating scale for atypical depressive illness. Forty-four patients, all meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria for primary major depressive disorder were evaluated for atypicality using the scale. Within this group, atypicality was found to be characterized by lack of clearly encapsulated episodes of depression, a high degree of character pathology, prominent anxiety, somatization, and neurotic symptoms, and a past history of diagnostic confusion. Atypical patients were younger than typicals, more likely to be unipolar or bipolar II, and more often hospitalized, despite lower frequency of depressive episodes. While both typical and atypical groups showed decreased REM latency and increased urinary-free cortisol, they differed in measures related to noradrenergic metabolism, monoamine oxidase activity, and slow wave sleep. Preliminary results also raised the question of possible differences in treatment response between typical and atypical patients. PMID- 6805522 TI - Effects of complete hypothalamic deafferentation on the estrous phase of follicle stimulating hormone release in the cyclic rat. AB - We investigated whether neural afferents to the medial basal hypothalamus play an acute role in the estrous phase of FSH release in the 4-day cyclic rat. A cannula was inserted into the right atrium of the heart under brief ether anesthesia during the early afternoon of proestrus for subsequent blood collections and injection of LHRH. In some of the rats, the medial basal hypothalamus was surgically isolated from the rest of the brain with a small knife under brief ether anesthesia between 2000 h and 2130 h of proestrus. Control groups consisted of naive rats which were not treated during the night of proestrus and sham operated animals in which the knife was lowered to the corpus callosum between 2000 h and 2130 h or proestrus. Rats were bled at 2200 h of proestrus and at 0200 h, 0600 h and 1000 h of estrus for radioimmunoassay of plasma FSH and LH. The plasma FSH levels in all 3 groups between 2200 h of proestrus and 1000 h of estrus were elevated above levels observed in other cannulated rats bled to the onset of the proestrous phase of FSH release at 1400 h of proestrus. There were no statistically significant differences in plasma FSH or LH concentrations at any of the time periods between the 3 groups of serially bled rats. The deafferentation procedure did not appear to impair the pituitary gland's ability to secret gonadotrophins as injection of 50 ng of LHRH after the bleeding at 1000 h of estrus caused substantial elevations in plasma FSH and LH concentrations which were not different between the 3 groups. The results suggest that neural afferents to the medial basal hypothalamus play no acute role in the estrous phase of FSH release in the cyclic rat. PMID- 6805523 TI - Influence of testosterone, estradiol-17 beta and dihydrotestosterone on circulating LH and FSH in castrate male guinea pigs. AB - The influence of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, estradiol-17 beta or combinations of these steroids on gonadotropin regulation was examined in castrate male guinea pigs. Physiological replacement therapy with testosterone prevented the postcastration rise in LH. Treatment with dihydrotestosterone and the combination of estradiol-17 beta plus testosterone was also effective. In contrast, these treatments reduced but did not prevent the postcastration rise of FSH. The negative feedback effects of these steroid treatments was not altered when 3, 6 or more than 8 weeks elapsed between castration and the initiation of steroid replacement therapy. Our data indicate that the guinea pig testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are effective regulators of LH but that other hormones may be important in the regulation of FSH. PMID- 6805524 TI - Reevaluation of the effect of follicle-stimulating hormone on the steroidogenic capacity of the testis: the effects of neuraminidase-treated FSH preparations. AB - The ability of FSH treatment to increase the amount of androgen produced by the testis in response to maximum LH stimulation may be an effect of the LH contamination of the FSH preparations. To examine this question, 3 FSH preparations of different potencies and degrees of LH contamination or their neuraminidase-treated derivatives were administered to hypophysectomized immature rats for 5 days. The capacity of the testes to produce androgens in vitro was assessed at the end of the treatment period. Neuraminidase treatment reduces the in vivo activity of ovine and bovine FSH but does not alter the activity of ovine or bovine LH. Neuraminidase treatment of one FSH preparation (NH-bFSH-B1) did not reduce the ability of this FSH preparation to increase the response of the testis to LH stimulation in vitro. This suggests that the considerable LH contamination of the NIH-bFSH-B1 may be responsible for its effect. However, neuraminidase treatment of 2 more highly purified FSH preparations (bFSH-199C and NIH-oFSH-S13) abolished or greatly reduced the ability of these preparations to increase testicular weight and the response to LH in vitro. It is concluded that the ability of highly-purified FSH preparations to increase the amount of androgen produced by the testis is due to FSH activity and not the contaminating LH. PMID- 6805525 TI - Estradiol induces and progesterone inhibits the preovulatory surges of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in heifers. AB - Objectives were to determine: 1) whether estradiol, given via implants in amounts to stimulate a proestrus increase, induces preovulatory-like luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) surges; and 2) whether progesterone, given via infusion in amounts to simulate concentrations found in blood during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, inhibits gonadotropin surges. All heifers were in the luteal phase of an estrous cycle when ovariectomized. Replacement therapy with estradiol and progesterone was started immediately after ovariectomy to mimic luteal phase concentrations of these steroids. Average estradiol (pg/ml) and progesterone (ng/ml) resulting from this replacement were 2.5 and 6.2 respectively; these values were similar (P greater than 0.05) to those on the day before ovariectomy (2.3 and 7.2, respectively). Nevertheless, basal concentrations of LH and FSH increased from 0.7 and 43 ng/ml before ovariectomy to 2.6 and 96 ng/ml, respectively, 24 h after ovariectomy. This may indicate that other ovarian factors are required to maintain low baselines of LH and FSH. Beginning 24 h after ovariectomy, replacement of steroids were adjusted as follows: 1) progesterone infusion was terminated and 2 additional estradiol implants were given every 12 h for 36 h (n = 5); 2) progesterone infusion was maintained and 2 additional estradiol implants were given every 12 h for 36 h (n = 3); or 3) progesterone infusion was terminated and 2 additional empty implants were given every 12 h for 36 h (n = 6). When estradiol implants were given every 12 h for 36 h, estradiol levels increased in plasma to 5 to 7 pg/ml, which resembles the increase in estradiol that occurs at proestrus. After ending progesterone infusion, levels of progesterone in plasma decreased to less than 1 ng/ml by 8 h. Preovulatory-like LH and FSH surges were induced only when progesterone infusion was stopped and additional estradiol implants were given. These surges were synchronous, occurring 61.8 +/- 0.4 h (mean +/- SE) after ending infusion of progesterone. We conclude that estradiol, at concentrations which simulate those found during proestrus, induces preovulatory-like LH and FSH surges in heifers and that progesterone, at concentrations found during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle, inhibits estradiol-induced gonadotropin surges. Furthermore, ovarian factors other than estradiol and progesterone may be required to maintain basal concentrations of LH and FSH in heifers. PMID- 6805526 TI - Neutralization of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in neonatal rats with permanent impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis. AB - Males rats were passively immunized at 5 days of age with a single 0.25 ml i.p. injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antiserum. Control animals were given an equal volume of normal rabbit serum (NRS). Serial blood determinations of gonadotropins, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were obtained at intervals ranging from early in life through adult life. Gonadotropin secretion was reduced (P less than 0.025) up to 35 days of age. Androgen secretion (testosterone) was reduced (P less than 0.05) at 10 and 33 days of age. When hCG was given to 54-day-old (young adult), and 100-day-old and 15-month-old animals, testosterone concentrations were similar in both experimental and control groups 1 h after hCG stimulation. As adults, basal gonadotropins were the same in both groups; however, after GnRH stimulation, the GnRH antiserum-treated groups showed an increased gonadotropin response when compared to the NRS control group. In order to determine whether there was an alteration in steroid feedback, other animals were castrated at adult age (approximately 100 days old), and exogenous testosterone was given in increasing increments. However, serum gonadotropins decreased similarly in treated and control groups. These data indicate that a single injection of GnRH antiserum early in life decreased gonadotropin secretion temporarily during prepubertal sexual development and caused a permanent alteration in hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular function. PMID- 6805527 TI - Pituitary and ovarian function in postpartum beef cows. III. Induction of estrus, ovulation and luteal function with intermittent small-dose injections of GnRH. PMID- 6805530 TI - Detection of the carrier state for classic hemophilia using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AB - A high proportion of carriers of classic hemophilia can be identified in the laboratory because, in comparison to normal women, the concentration of antigens related to antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) that are detected in their plasma by heterologous antiserum (factor VIIIR:Ag) is relatively higher than the titer of AHF that is measured in clotting assays (factor VIII:C). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) appears to overcome some of the technical difficulties associated with measurement of AHF-like antigens. The results of ELISA correlated closely with those obtained by semiquantitative immunoelectrophoresis, except in patients with von Willebrand's disease. In which ELISA appeared to provide a more quantitative estimate of AHF-like antigen. Utilizing the ELISA technique and a revised method of logarithmic discriminant analysis, we were able to distinguish all of 37 obligate carriers of hemophilia at the level of certainty that would have misclassified 5% of normal women as carriers. The relative simplicity of ELISA suggests its utility in the diagnosis of the carrier state in the female relatives of hemophiliacs. PMID- 6805528 TI - [Comparative study of the gas transport characteristics of models of an extraerythrocyte oxygen carrier]. AB - It was shown that coupling of the 2,3-DPH functional analog, pyridoxal-5' phosphate (PP) to hemoglobin (Hb) and its polymer (HbP) enables one to obtain an artificial oxygen carrier with gas transport characteristics similar to those of freshly prepared donor's blood. Coupling of PP to HB and HbP also intensifies their interaction with other physiologically important ligands (H+ and CO2) and changes the pattern of the relationship of P50 to the hemoprotein concentration in a solution. PMID- 6805533 TI - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein: sensitivity of periodic acid Schiff stain to carbohydrate deficiency. AB - We have investigated the periodic acid Schiff (PAS) Coomassie staining ratio of the human factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (fVIII/vWf) protein. The PAS Coomassie staining ratio is consistent over 8 days. The PAS-Coomassie ratio of fVIII/vWf protein purified from different starting materials does not appear to be significantly different. The PAS stain can detect as little as 300 ng of carbohydrate in the fVIII/vWf protein. Desialation did not affect the PAS Coomassie ratio, while removal of penultimate galactose resulted in a marked reduction in the PAS-Coomassie ratio. This reduction was further accentuated with the removal of N-acetylglucosamine. The smaller multimers of the fVIII/vWf protein have a reduced sialic acid and PAS-Coomassie staining ratio. This difference does not appear to be related to the sialic acid deficiency but may be related to the distribution or organization of the carbohydrate moieties on the smaller fVIII/vWf multimers. PMID- 6805531 TI - Interruption of tumor-associated platelet consumption with platelet enzyme inhibitors. AB - Twenty dogs with naturally occurring metastatic tumors were treated with anticoagulants (Warfarin) or platelet enzyme inhibitor drugs (dipyridamole, dipyridamole plus aspirin, RA233, sulfinpyrazone, or a combination of RA233 and sulfinpyrazone) to determine if tumor-related reductions in platelet survival and concentration could be reversed. Anticoagulation was ineffective, while platelet enzyme inhibitors were able to produce improvements in platelet survival. Of the 18 dogs with metastatic tumor treated with platelet enzyme inhibitors, only 5 (28%) showed a reduction in platelet survival during the first week of observation on therapy compared to their baseline survivals. This is significantly different than the decreases in platelet survivals observed in 8 of 10 untreated dogs (80%) with metastatic tumor observed for the same interval. Furthermore, 8 of the 18 treated dogs (44%) had platelet survivals within 2 standard deviations of normal, compared to only 1 of 10 untreated dogs. Of the 8 dogs with normal platelet survivals, 6 were treated with a combination of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (RA233 or dipyridamole) and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor (sulfinpyrazone or aspirin). The combination of RA233 and sulfinpyrazone was the best drug program tested and resulted in normal platelet survivals in 63% and improved platelet counts in 75% of the animals treated. Thus, platelet enzyme inhibitors with different mechanisms of action may have a synergistic effect in reversing the abnormal platelet hemostasis found in a variety of spontaneously occurring canine neoplasms. PMID- 6805529 TI - [Immunochemical identification of thermostable alpha-glycoprotein in blood sera in various immune system diseases]. AB - Specific protein, thermostable alpha-globulin, was found with the use of immunochemical analysis in carbon eluents after hemosorption in patients with autoimmune diseases. It is suggested that positive clinical effect of hemosorption might be determined by sorption of thermostable alpha-globulin from the patients' blood. PMID- 6805532 TI - Multimeric composition of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor following administration of DDAVP: implications for pathophysiology and therapy of von Willebrand's disease subtypes. AB - We have studied the modifications in the multimeric composition of plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor and the bleeding time response following administration of 1-Deamino-[8-D-arginine]-Vasopressin (DDAVP) to patients with different subtypes of von Willebrand's disease. In type I, all multimers were present in plasma in the resting state, though they were decreased in concentration. Administration of DDAVP resulted in an increased concentration of these forms as well as the appearance of larger forms than were previously present. There was concomitant correction of the bleeding time. In type IIA, large multimers were absent in the resting state, and although DDAVP induced an average threefold increase in the plasma concentration of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor, the larger multimers did not appear and the bleeding time, although shortened, was not corrected. In contrast, the larger multimers that were also absent from type IIB plasma in the resting state rapidly appeared following DDAVP administration. However, their appearance was transitory and the bleeding time, as in IIA patients, was shortened but not corrected. The characteristic multimeric composition of platelet factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in given subtypes predicted the alteration in plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor induced by DDAVP. These studies provide evidence that the different subtypes of von Willebrand's disease represent distinct abnormalities of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. They also suggest that complete hemostatic correction following DDAVP can be routinely expected only in type I von Willebrand's disease, and only if factor VIII/von Willebrand factor can be raised to normal levels. PMID- 6805534 TI - Surface markers on leukemia and lymphoma cells: recent advances. PMID- 6805538 TI - An assessment of the reproductive toxic potential of Aroclor 1254 in female Sprague-Dawley rats. PMID- 6805535 TI - A variant of von Willebrand's disease with abnormal expression of factor VIII procoagulant activity. AB - Reports on variants of von Willebrand's disease are numerous, but many of these are based on tests that will show marked fluctuations with time and tests that might not be similar in affected family members. This report describes 8 patients with a new variant of von Willebrand';s disease in which there is a normal APTT, slightly reduced one-stage factor VIII:C assay (VIII:C-1), and a drastically reduced two-stage factor VIII:C assay (VIII:C-2). The VIII:C in this variant is more readily adsorbed to AI(OH)3. This variability in VIII:C assays and excessive adsorption to AI(OH)3 are corrected by the addition of either hemophilic plasma or hemophilic factor-VIII-related antigen. This variant is stable with restudy on multiple occasions and is inherited in a stable fashion in three generations of one family. The multimeric structure of the VIIIR:Ag appears normal, although the concentration is moderately reduced. The differences in functional activity, the adsorption to AI(OH)3, and the differences between functional and antigenic (VIII:C Ag) assays of VIII:C support that this is a functional abnormality of type I von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6805537 TI - [Advances in hemophilia treatment: a hepatitis-safe factor VIII concentrate]. PMID- 6805536 TI - Acid hydrolases as markers of maturation in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Malignant lymphocytes from 30 B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) patients were studied for the cytochemical localization of two acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and acid phosphatase (AT). The large majority of the cells stained for both ANAE and AP in 7 cases, for AP only in 18 cases, and were negative for both the enzymes in 5 cases. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that the cells that displayed more mature morphological features, such as well developed smooth and rough membrane compartments, were those positive for acid hydrolases. That ANAE and AP are expressed by B cells at late stage of maturation was confirmed by the finding that some lymphocytes and all of the plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells from Walderstrom's macroglobulinemia, from mixed cryoglobulinemia, and from multiple myeloma patients stained strongly for both ANAE and AP. Using the expression of acid hydrolases and certain ultrastructural features as markers of cell differentiation, it was possible to demonstrate a process of maturation within the single B-CLL clones with accumulation of the cells at stages that differed in the various cases. PMID- 6805539 TI - Toxicity of the PCBs Aroclor 1254 and 1242 to embryos and larvae of the mummichog, Fundulus heteroclitus. PMID- 6805540 TI - Depuration and biological half-life of 14C-PCB in aquatic organisms. PMID- 6805545 TI - The results of treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix using a linear vaginal source and 4 MV X rays. AB - Between 1960 and 1976, 1645 women with carcinoma of the uterine cervix were treated in the Radiotherapy Department, Edinburgh. In the earlier years the majority of patients were treated using a partially afterloaded radium line source system, combined with 4 MV external irradiation. The radium was later replaced by caesium which, from 1972, was used in a fully afterloaded line source intracavitary applicator. In recent years a computer program has been used to calculate the dose distribution, resulting in improved pelvic dosimetry and a decline in the frequency and severity of radiation reactions. Actuarial survival rates are reported by stage for a 20-year period. The 5-year survival rate for patients with Stage I disease treated by the Edinburgh method was 74.7% (71.5% for the whole group). For patients with Stage II disease, the rates were 57.1% and 51.3% and for those with Stage III disease, the rates were 40.1% and 28.0%. PMID- 6805542 TI - Anencephaly. PMID- 6805541 TI - Structure-toxicity relationships of selected nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds. III. Relations using molecular connectivity. PMID- 6805546 TI - The effects of subclinical malnutrition and refeeding on the healing of experimental colonic anastomoses. AB - The effects of dietary protein deprivation on he healing of colonic anastomosis in the rat have been investigated. Nutritional status was assessed both before and after operation using body weight, nitrogen balance studies and serum albumin estimations. Healing of colonic anastomosis was assessed by bursting pressure measurements. Rats fed a protein-depleted diet throughout the study were compared both with rats restored to a full diet after surgery and rats receiving a full diet throughout. Although protein depletion caused a 12.5 per cent weight loss and a negative nitrogen balance, serum albumin remained normal in all rats at the time of operation. After operation, all rats were in negative nitrogen balance, although this was greater in the protein-depleted group. Similarly, in comparison to control animals, the protein-depleted group had significantly lower colonic bursting pressures and significantly lower serum albumin concentrations. Rats returned to a full diet after operation had smaller losses of nitrogen and normal colonic bursting pressures. The results indicate that a commonly encountered degree of malnutrition, insufficient to affect nutritional indices used in clinical assessment, may interfere with colonic healing. Early re-introduction of nutrition in the postoperative period may be able to reverse this effect. PMID- 6805543 TI - The binding characteristics of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine on intact human platelets. AB - 1 We have characterized the binding of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine to intact human platelets. 2 The values of the association and dissociation rate constants, affinity and capacity of specific [3H]-dihydroergocryptine binding on intact cells closely resemble those previously reported on the human platelet lysate preparation. 3 The affinity of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists, determined from inhibition of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine binding, is similar in intact and lysed platelet preparations, but the affinity of agonists is considerably lower in intact cells. 4 The potency of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists as inhibitors of noradrenaline-induced platelet aggregation and as inhibitors of [3H] dihydroergocryptine binding on intact platelets demonstrate a significant correlation (r = 0.92, p less than 0.01). 5 The affinity and capacity of [3H] dihydroergocryptine binding to platelets from a group of healthy, young, male subjects show a high degree of consistency both between subjects (Kd = 2.81 +/- 0.27 nM; Bmax = 63 +/- 3 fmol/10(8) platelet: mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 10) and between sampling occasions in a single subject (Kd = 3.28 nM +/- 13%; Bmax = 70 fmol/10(8) platelet +/- 16%: mean +/- coefficient of variation, n = 5). 6 There is no significant difference in the binding capacity of platelets from a group of elderly male subjects (mean age 73) compared to those from young males (mean age 27) or elderly females (mean age 77). The affinity of binding is slightly but significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the elderly male group compared to the two other groups. 7 We conclude that [3H]-dihydroergocryptine binds to the alpha 2-adrenoceptor of intact human platelets which is responsible for noradrenaline induced platelet aggregation. The high consistency of the binding characteristics of [3H]-dihydroergocryptine indicate that this assay may be useful as a monitor of platelet alpha-adrenoceptor sensitivity in clinical investigation. PMID- 6805544 TI - Rate-limiting step in the metabolism of polar and non-polar monoamines in lung and liver. AB - 1 Uptake of the non-hydroxylated amines, [14C]-tryptamine and [14C]-benzylamine in rat lung, infused through the pulmonary circulation, was not saturable over the concentration range 2.5-1,000 microM. 2 The kinetic constants for deamination of a variety of hydroxylated and non-hydroxylated monoamines in liver, perfused via the portal circulation, with monoamine oxidase activity in homogenates of liver were similar. 3 In lung, uptake of both [14C]-tryptamine and [14C] benzylamine was inhibited by the monoamine oxidase inhibitor deprenyl and competition occurred between tryptamine, benzylamine and beta-phenylethylamine for uptake. 4 These results indicate that tryptamine and benzylamine metabolism in lung is not limited by uptake, unlike that of the hydroxylated amines 5 hydroxytryptamine and noradrenaline and that uptake resembles that of beta phenylethylamine in lung. 5 the selectivity of the lung in handling monoamines is not shown by the liver, suggesting that lung has a specific role in clearing certain biogenic monoamines. PMID- 6805547 TI - The female carrier of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6805548 TI - Oral anticoagulants reassessed. PMID- 6805549 TI - Blood group antigens and bladder cancer. PMID- 6805551 TI - How valuable is the Review Body? PMID- 6805550 TI - Problems of clubfeet. PMID- 6805552 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus: two patients treated with danazol. AB - Two women with systemic lupus erythematosus who showed premenstrual flaring of the disease were treated with danazol, which resulted in clinical improvement.This form of treatment needs to be assessed more widely, as there is little reported evidence that hormonal regulation has therapeutic value in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6805553 TI - Gastric carcinoma and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: association with plasma immune complex concentrations. AB - A patient with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach developed microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, renal insufficiency, and fluctuating neurological abnormalities in association with appreciably raised plasma concentrations of immune complexes. This syndrome, similar to thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, occurred while the tumour was in sustained objective remission after successful treatment with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and mitomycin. Reversal of the syndrome was achieved with plasmapheresis, azathioprine, corticosteroids, and antiplatelet treatment; this response was paralleled by a reduction in immune complex concentration, suggesting an immune aetiology for the syndrome. Antibodies eluted from the immune complexes reacted with 50% of cells from the gastric cancer but less than 10% of cells from normal gastric mucosa. There was no reactivity with either carcinoembryonic antigen or mitomycin. A 17S immune complex reacted with a glycoprotein from the patient's autologous platelets and produced platelet aggregation. It is postulated that reducing the tumour and the pre-existing state of antigen excess by chemotherapy allowed soluble antigen-antibody complexes to form and the syndrome to develop. PMID- 6805554 TI - Growth, development, and reassessment of hypothyroid infants diagnosed by screening. AB - Thirty]six neonates in whom hypothyroidism was diagnosed after thyroid stimulating hormone screening were reassessed at 1 year. All had grown satisfactorily and the mental development scores were normal in all except two. Treatment was withdrawn in 32 and persistent hypothyroidism was confirmed in 31 cases. Thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations were raised in one-third of cases before the withdrawal of treatment and this was associated with generally lower concentrations of serum thyroxine (T4) and smaller doses of L-thyroxine than in those cases with normal concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone. In treating congenital hypothyroidism, serum T4 concentrations should be monitored regularly and the dose of thyroxine adjusted to maintain serum T4 in the upper part of the reference range. PMID- 6805555 TI - Cardiac rhythm abnormalities in patients presenting with transient non-focal neurological symptoms: a diagnostic grey area? AB - Eighty-nine patients attending neurology clinics with transient non-focal neurological symptoms were studied by routine electrocardiography and 24-hour monitoring of the electrocardiography and 24-hour monitoring of the electrocardiogram. In comparison with 109 control subjects there was no significant overall excess of arrhythmias (age-adjusted odds ratio 1.7, kappa2 = 2.67) except in the subgroup of patients under the age of 30 (odds ratio 11.6, p less than 0.05). Bradyarrhythmias, but not tachyarrhythmias, were significantly more common in the patients (odds ratio 7.4, p less than 0.001),. Since patients can rarely be studied while they are having symptoms a working diagnosis must be based on a balance of probabilities: arrhythmias in young patients, or bradyarrhythmias in any patient, are likely to be clinically relevant. Ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring contributed to the diagnosis in at least 25 of the patients, Nevertheless, the extent to which further investigations are pursued, and the form of treatment ultimately adopted, must also be influenced by the frequency and severity of the patients' symptoms. PMID- 6805556 TI - Unusual complication of perforated appendix. PMID- 6805557 TI - Role of tartrazine in chronic urticaria. PMID- 6805558 TI - Resting pulse rate in marathon runners. PMID- 6805559 TI - Nail dystrophy due to diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6805561 TI - Response of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura to chlorpromazine. PMID- 6805562 TI - Organising and training staff. PMID- 6805560 TI - Paraquat ingestion with methaemoglobinaemia treated with methylene blue. PMID- 6805563 TI - Practising prevention. Hypertension. PMID- 6805564 TI - Defibrillation at a football stadium: an experiment with Brighton and Hove Albion. AB - Over a five-year period arrangements have been made to increase the prospects of resuscitation for victims of sudden death at a large football stadium. Seven cases of ventricular fibrillation occurred. Four were resuscitated successfully and were subsequently discharged from hospital. PMID- 6805566 TI - Future structure of clinical tropical medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6805565 TI - Notification of tuberculosis: a code of practice for England and Wales. Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Association. PMID- 6805568 TI - What's wrong with the funding of cancer research? PMID- 6805567 TI - Salmonella osteomyelitis presenting as "hand-foot syndrome" in sickle-cell disease. PMID- 6805569 TI - Additive antianginal effect of verapamil in patients receiving propranolol. PMID- 6805570 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia during treatment for acute leukaemia. PMID- 6805571 TI - Accidents invited by anaesthetic apparatus and ventilator design. PMID- 6805573 TI - Problems with perinatal pathology. PMID- 6805572 TI - Is early antenatal attendance so important? PMID- 6805575 TI - Case clustering in pityriasis rosea: support for role of an infective agent. PMID- 6805574 TI - Blood pressures that fall on rechecking. PMID- 6805576 TI - Ischaemia after use of finger tourniquets. PMID- 6805577 TI - Importance of thyroxine in suppressing secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone. PMID- 6805578 TI - Pregnancy and immunological disorders. PMID- 6805579 TI - Changing gear: problems of selecting appropriate staffing ratios. PMID- 6805580 TI - Falling mortality in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6805583 TI - Carotid body tumours. PMID- 6805582 TI - Coalworkers' pneumoconiosis in Britain today and tomorrow. PMID- 6805581 TI - Lead in petrol: again. PMID- 6805584 TI - Vancomycin: a reappraisal. PMID- 6805586 TI - More industrial action in the NHS. PMID- 6805585 TI - The way ahead for rehabilitation. PMID- 6805588 TI - Atenolol and metoprolol once daily in hypertension. AB - The effect of once-daily dosage of the two most widely prescribed cardioselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists used to treat hypertension--namely, atenolol and metoprolol--was studied in nine carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. Each patient received atenolol 50 mg/day, atenolol 100 mg/day, metoprolol 100 mg/day, and metoprolol 200 mg/day in a sustained-release formulation (as Lopresor SR) according to a randomised sequence. After three weeks' treatment with each drug given once daily comparisons of the treatments 24 hours after dosing showed no important differences between 50 and 100 mg atenolol/day. Metoprolol, as both the standard and the slow-release formulations, had some limitations in controlling systolic blood pressure and heart rate. These results suggest that the recommendations for the treatment of hypertension with these cardioselective beta adrenoceptor antagonists should be reconsidered since doses smaller than those recommended are almost as effective and much cheaper. PMID- 6805587 TI - High-density lipoprotein concentrations increase after stopping smoking. AB - Concentrations of plasma lipoproteins in 10 men who were habitual smokers were monitored for six weeks after they stopped smoking and related to changes in diet and body weight. The energy intake increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) owing to a higher consumption of carbohydrates and fat, and body weight increased by 2% (p less than 0.01). Plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations did not change significantly. The most prominent finding was a rapid and pronounced increased in high-density lipoprotein concentrations. From comparatively low values (mean 0.82 mmol/1) they rose by 29% (p less than 0.01) within two weeks and remained at this value throughout the observation period. In three subjects who resumed smoking after the end of the study they again fell to initial values six weeks later. The initial increase in concentration could be accounted for mainly by an increase in the esterified fraction and only to a lesser extent in the free cholesterol fraction. The changes in concentrations were accompanied by similar but less pronounced rises in high-density lipoprotein phospholipid and in apolipoprotein AI concentrations (p less than 0.01), whereas high-density lipoprotein phospholipid and in apolipoprotein AI concentration (p less than 0.01), whereas high-density lipoprotein triglyceride concentrations did not change significantly. These findings confirm and extend those of earlier cross-sectional studies which showed low concentrations of high-density lipoproteins in cigarette smokers, A significant correlation between the rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and the increase in fat consumption after stopping smoking indicate that the changes in high-density lipoprotein concentrations may be partly due to nutritional factors. PMID- 6805589 TI - Blood carboxyhaemoglobin, plasma thiocyanate, and cigarette consumption: implications for epidemiological studies in smokers. AB - Carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate concentrations were found to be significantly correlated with self-reported daily cigarette consumption in 360 smokers (r = 0.416 and 0.412 respectively; p less than 0.001). The extent to which inhalation patterns affected the intake of cigarette smoke constituents was determined from the partial correlation between carboxyhaemoglobin and plasma thiocyanate concentrations after the number of cigarettes smoke per day had been allowed for (r = 0.48). Thus 23% of the variation in carboxyhaemoglobin and thiocyanate concentrations was accounted for by the was a cigarette was smoked and a further 21% by the number smoked a day. Furthermore, the relation between carboxyhaemoglobin or plasma thiocyanate and daily cigarette consumption was not linear but reached an asymptote at consumption rates above 25 cigarettes a day. These results suggest that by itself daily cigarette consumption will not identify those smokers most at risk and will also underestimate and dose-response relationship between smoking and selected diseases. PMID- 6805590 TI - Hypertension: comparison of drug and non-drug treatments. AB - Thirty-seven reports of the treatment of hypertension by non-pharmacological means were compared with the results of treatment by standard drug regimens. Treatment by drugs produced the greatest lowering of blood pressure. Treatment by weight reduction, yoga, and muscle relaxation each produced smaller, but appreciable, changes in blood pressure biofeedback, and salt restriction were inferior to those of the other regimens and were not significantly different to the effects of placebo treatment. Large comparative trials of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments are needed before definite conclusions can be made. PMID- 6805592 TI - Peritonitis associated with vaginal leakage of dialysis fluid in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6805591 TI - Evaluation of digitalis in cardiac failure. AB - Ten patients in sinus rhythm with symptomatic cardiac failure participated in a study investigating the value of digitalis at rest and during dynamic exercise. A haemodynamic profile and left ventricular ejection fraction were measured before treatment, after intravenous ouabain, and after six weeks of maintenance treatment with digoxin. There was no significant change in the haemodynamic profile or in the left ventricular ejection fraction at rest after either glycoside. During exercise there was a significant reduction in left ventricular filling pressure from 39 +/- 3 mm Hg to 34 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) after ouabain and to 33 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.02) after digoxin. Cardiac index improved from 33 +/- 0.3 1/min/m2 to 4.0 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.01) after ouabain and to 3.8 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 (p less than 0.01) after digoxin. During exercise stroke volume index and stroke work index also improved significantly with both glycosides. This was accompanied by an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction from 29 +/- 2% to 36 +/- 3% (p less than 0.05) after ouabain and digoxin. In this study both intravenous ouabain and maintenance treatment with oral digoxin exerted a modest positive inotropic effect in patients with cardiac failure in sinus rhythm. The haemodynamic benefit, however, was manifest only during exertion. PMID- 6805593 TI - Meningitis and recurrent septicaemia secondary to unsuspected pacemaker infection. PMID- 6805596 TI - How I would organise a day-release course for trainees. PMID- 6805594 TI - Organising a practice. Changes in home visiting and night and weekend cover: the patient's view. PMID- 6805595 TI - Practising prevention. Contraception. PMID- 6805597 TI - A new method of auditing surgical mortality rates: application to a group of elderly general surgical patients. AB - In a prospective study of 505 patients aged 65 years or over admitted to a general surgical unit the overall hospital mortality rate was 14.5% and the postoperative mortality rate 12.0%. These rates fell to 3.6% and 5.8% respectively when deaths in non-viable patients were excluded from the analysis. An audit of surgical outcome that fails to identify non-viable patients is therefore potentially misleading. A standardised system of reporting surgical mortality is proposed to aid the comparison of results from different units. The key elements of this system are (a) the separation of the results from non-viable and potentially viable patients; (b) the consideration of both operative and non operative mortality; (c) the differentiation between medical and surgical causes of postoperative mortality; and (d) the identification of patients who are discharged from the unit but who have residual malignancy. Data presented in such a way should be of direct relevance to surgeons and physicians who are seeking ways of improving the service provided for surgical patients of all ages. PMID- 6805599 TI - Bodily perceptions in surgical patients. PMID- 6805602 TI - Auscultatory percussion of the head. PMID- 6805601 TI - Birth asphyxia and no-fault compensation. PMID- 6805598 TI - Financial burden of childhood cancer. AB - Fifty-nine of 73 families of children referred for treatment of cancer during 1980 co-operated in a study of the financial consequences of the illness. Except for two social class I families who declined to take part, the sample was representative of the childhood cancer population and families were of similar socioeconomic status to the general population. During the first, inpatient, week week of treatment the sum of income lost plus additional expenditure exceeded 50% of total income in over 45% of families. During a subsequent week of outpatient treatment, loss of income plus additional expenditure amounted to more than 20% of income in over half the families. These problems affected all the groups studied and were not confined to lower paid or those living furthest from the centre. Financial help was available from charitable sources and the DHSS towards travel, extra nourishment, and heating costs but could not be obtained to compensate for loss of earnings. The families of children who died had difficulty in meeting the cost of funerals. Families of children with cancer need more help than is at present available, especially to offset loss of income and the cost of funerals. PMID- 6805600 TI - Fatal falciparum malaria and the availability of parenteral antimalarial drugs in hospitals. PMID- 6805603 TI - Captopril in renovascular hypertension: long-term use in predicting surgical outcome. PMID- 6805604 TI - Psychological sequelae to elective sterilisation: a prospective study. PMID- 6805605 TI - Advances in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6805606 TI - What has happened to charity? PMID- 6805607 TI - Measles eradication policies. PMID- 6805608 TI - Heartburn in pregnancy. PMID- 6805609 TI - Pharmacological treatment for intractable sneezing. PMID- 6805610 TI - Pregnancy complicated by psittacosis acquired from sheep. PMID- 6805611 TI - Are all born equal? Incidence of febrile convulsions by season of birth. PMID- 6805613 TI - The distinction awards system in England and Wales 1980. PMID- 6805612 TI - Value of computed tomography of the abdomen and chest in investigation of Cushing's syndrome. PMID- 6805615 TI - Dexamethasone deleterious in cerebral malaria. PMID- 6805616 TI - Lumbar spinal stenosis. PMID- 6805614 TI - Toxic shock syndrome: some answers but questions remain. PMID- 6805617 TI - New imaging techniques: their relation to conventional radiology. PMID- 6805618 TI - Sterile microenvironment in prevention of wound infection. AB - A prospective controlled trial was carried out to assess the effect of using a wound isolator on reducing postoperative infection. A total of 291 patients undergoing hip pinning for fractures of the neck of femur entered the trial and were allocated at random to have their wound contained in a wound isolator (study group) or dressed with a standard gamma-irradiated adhesive dressing (control group). The bacteriological flora of the patient was monitored before, during, and after operation and that of the ward before and after. No significant difference was found in the flora of the wards in which the patients were nursed. On several occasions the source of the infective organism was traced to the ward but never to the theatre. The isolator prevented direct contamination and airborne cross-infection of the wound and appreciably reduced the rate of infection. PMID- 6805619 TI - Increase in antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae in the United Kingdom since 1977: report of study group. AB - A survey of antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae was carried out in the United Kingdom with 25 laboratories participating. The incidence of resistance in the 1841 strains examined was: tetracycline 3.1%, ampicillin 6.2%, chloramphenicol 1.03%, trimethoprim 1.4%, and sulphamethoxazole 1.5%. Of the 115 strains resistant to ampicillin, 106 produced beta-lactamase. Seventy-nine strains were capsulate, none of which was chloramphenicol resistant, but nine produced beta-lactamase (11.4%). Comparison of these figures of antibiotic resistance with those from a similar survey performed in 1977 showed a significant increase in resistance of H influenzae to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. PMID- 6805620 TI - Incubation period of coronary heart disease. AB - Serum cholesterol concentrations and blood pressure were measured during 1958-64 among men aged 40-59 who took part in the Seven Countries Study. In the present study these measurements were related to the national mortality from coronary heart disease in the periods 1959-61, 1964-6, 1969-71, and 1974-6. The correlations increased with time (r = +0.86, 0.90, 0.93, and 0.96 respectively for serum cholesterol concentration and r = +0.48, 0.56, 0.57, and 0.64 for systolic blood pressure), suggesting that the "incubation period" between exposure to major coronary risk factors and the maximum effects on mortality may be 10 years or more. PMID- 6805622 TI - Diclofenac hepatitis. PMID- 6805621 TI - Hydralazine once daily in hypertension. AB - The effects of hydralazine formulation and dose interval were assessed in 20 patients with hypertension well controlled on conventional hydralazine tablets, 100 mg twice daily, in addition to atenolol and a diuretic. The double-blind study used four regimens crossed over in random order at five-week intervals; placebo; conventional hydralazine 100 mg twice daily; conventional hydralazine 200 mg once daily; and slow-release hydralazine 200 mg once daily. Blood pressure and pulse rate were assessed soon after (2.5 +/- 0.9 h) and immediately before taking hydralazine (previous dose: once daily, 26.5 +/- 0.9 h; twice daily, 13.6 +/- 2.0 h). Seventeen patients completed the study. All hydralazine regimens were associated with significant falls in blood pressure. Once-daily treatment with conventional hydralazine was unsatisfactory, as its hypotensive effect waned at 24 h; there was a significant difference between the peak and trough effects on blood pressure and pulse in rapid acetylators. Compared with placebo twice-daily conventional hydralazine and once-daily slow-release hydralazine gave satisfactory control for 24 hours in both rapid and slow acetylators, though the hypotensive effect was larger in the slow acetylators. It is concluded that there is no need to administer hydralazine more than twice daily. PMID- 6805623 TI - Psittacosis presenting with Reiter's syndrome. PMID- 6805624 TI - Spontaneous persistent pseudomembranous colitis related to Clostridium difficile in ischaemic bowel disease. PMID- 6805625 TI - Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking tests in respiratory disease. PMID- 6805627 TI - Pregnancy. PMID- 6805626 TI - ENT. PMID- 6805628 TI - Consent to psychiatric treatment: practical implications of the Mental Health (Amendment) Bill. AB - The case notes of all patients admitted in 1981 to two Birmingham psychiatric hospitals on compulsory orders for treatment were examined to determine whether, had the new "consent to treatment" proposals in the Mental Health (Amendment) Bill been in operation, a second opinion was necessary. This concluded that there will be difficulties in operating the arrangements to provide a second opinion, and the Government should reconsider the range of these proposals. PMID- 6805629 TI - Delayed diagnosis of malaria. PMID- 6805631 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6805630 TI - Meningococcal disease in Scandinavia. AB - Scandinavia (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) comprises with mutual borders and 22.3 million inhabitants an area where the socioeconomic and cultural conditions are similar. Epidemic diseases, such as meningococcal infection, might therefore be expected to be uniformly distributed. An epidemiological study in the 10-year period 1970-9 shows, however, remarkable differences in the incidence, age, and serogroup and type distribution, as well as in the general dynamics of the disease. Three epidemics, two caused by different serotypes of group B (Norway and Iceland) and one by group A (Finland) occurred within the observation period. The annual overall incidence was generally around 3/100 000 but increased from fivefold (Finland) to eightfold (northern Norway) during epidemics. The epidemic strains caused infection in over 3000 patients and the loss of at least 250 lives. The overall case fatality rate was 8.6% (range 4.1 13.7%). Men were more susceptible and had a worse prognosis than women of the same age group. The group A epidemic in Finland was influenced by a large vaccination campaign, but this possibility was not feasible in the two other epidemics. PMID- 6805632 TI - Compensation: who cares? PMID- 6805635 TI - Industrial bladder cancer. PMID- 6805633 TI - Asthma--expiratory dyspnoea? PMID- 6805634 TI - Bladder cancer mortality trends. PMID- 6805636 TI - Haemophilus influenzae type b resistant to both chloramphenicol and ampicillin in Britain. PMID- 6805637 TI - Therapeutic control of anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6805639 TI - Regular prescribing in a residential home for elderly women. PMID- 6805640 TI - Mastectomy and its consequences. PMID- 6805638 TI - Special doctors for rape victims. PMID- 6805641 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in Britain. PMID- 6805642 TI - A-level grades and medical school admission. PMID- 6805643 TI - Sex hormones and gynaecological cancer. PMID- 6805644 TI - Good and bad news for medical schools. PMID- 6805645 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 6805646 TI - Social work: effective or affective? PMID- 6805647 TI - Beneficial effects of adrenergic blockade in patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage. AB - A total of 148 patients presenting within 48 hours of subarachnoid haemorrhage were assigned at random to receive standard management only or standard management and treatment with the adrenergic-blocking agents propranolol and phentolamine (or propranolol alone) for three weeks. One hundred and thirty-four patients completed the study. Assessment at four weeks showed a strong trend for less neurological deficit in the treated group, almost statistically significant (p=0.053) in the women. During the first month the treated group suffered fewer episodes of clinical deterioration consistent with cerebral arterial spasm: thus more treated patients underwent operation and those who did had a better outcome (p=0.030). At one year fewer were dead or disabled (unable to work) in the treated group; a significant difference for women (p=0.030). Possible mechanisms for these actions may include a reduction in pulmonary oedema, prevention of myocardial infarcts, a reduction in plasma renin activity, nd a reduction in cerebral oxygen requirements. It is concluded that early adrenergic blockade benefits patients (particularly women) with subarachnoid haemorrhage for up to one year in terms of lesser neurological deficit. Beta-blocker rather than alpha blockade appears to be the useful component. A randomised, blind extension of the present study using long-acting propranolol and placebo has shown a significant (p=0.026) decrease in deaths and significantly (p=0.003) fewer poor results in the treatment group. PMID- 6805650 TI - Prevention of doxorubicin-induced alopedia by scalp hypothermia: relation to degree of cooling. PMID- 6805652 TI - Hormone replacement treatment and benign intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6805651 TI - Tamoxifen-induced tumour regression associated with dermatomyositis. PMID- 6805649 TI - Functional abdominal pain: further evidence that whole gut is affected. AB - The distribution and referral of abdominal pain in 21 patients with functional abdominal pain were investigated by performing balloon distension of the ileum, proximal jejunum, second part of the duodenum, and distal oesophagus. Pain was perceived not just in classically described sites but throughout the abdomen and was referred to several unusual extra-abdominal sites. The presenting pain was reproduced by this technique in 14 patients, in three of whom it was also reproduced by colonoscopic distension. This study emphasises the protean presentation of functional abdominal pain and demonstrates the existence of potentially tender "trigger" areas for the production of abdominal pain in the proximal as well as the distal gut. PMID- 6805653 TI - Zinc deficiency due to alcoholic cirrhosis mimicking acrodermatitis enteropathica. PMID- 6805648 TI - Wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy. AB - Of the 180 children admitted to hospitals in Tyneside in the first year of life with proved respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection, 130 were seen for review 10 years later and 34 of the remaining 50 children accounted for. Skin tests, lung function tests, and histamine-challenge and exercise tests for bronchial lability were undertaken in over 100 of the index children and a similar number of control children. A total of 55 (42%) of the 130 index children had had further episodes of wheeze, while only 21 (19%) out of 111 controls had ever wheezed; but few (6.2% v 4.5%) had troublesome symptoms at the age of 10. There was a threefold increase in the incidence of bronchial lability in the index children but no excess of atopy. Maximum expiratory air flow was reduced throughout the vital capacity manoeuvre in the index children, even when those with a history of recurrent wheeze were excluded. Results of single-breath nitrogen washout tests were normal, however, suggesting that ventilation was not appreciably uneven, even though expiratory flow was restricted. These differences might have been caused by infection damaging the growing lung but might also be explained by pre-existing differences in the airway, rendering certain children more susceptible to symptomatic infection when first challenged by the virus in infancy. PMID- 6805654 TI - Genitourinary medicine. PMID- 6805655 TI - Medical care for the homeless. PMID- 6805656 TI - Anovulatory and ovulatory infertility: results with simplified management. AB - A simplified scheme for the management of anovulatory and of ovulatory (usually called unexplained) infertility was evaluated in 244 women. Eighteen patients were excluded because of primary ovarian failure, 164 were treated for ovulatory failure, and 62 with ovulatory infertility remained untreated. Twenty-five patients had a properly validated negative postcoital test. In the remaining 201 patients the two-year conception rates were 96% in patients with amenorrhoea, 83% in those with oligomenorrhoea, 74% in those with luteal deficiency, and 88% in those with ovulatory infertility. Comparison with normal rates implied that amenorrhoea represents a pure form of ovulatory failure that is completely correctable whereas in other conditions unexplained factors also contribute to infertility though to a much smaller extent than was previously thought. PMID- 6805658 TI - What is diabetes? PMID- 6805657 TI - Measurement of omission. PMID- 6805659 TI - Bathing in hospital. PMID- 6805661 TI - Importance of thyroxine in suppressing secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone. PMID- 6805660 TI - Mastectomy and its consequences. PMID- 6805662 TI - Unusual complication of perforated appendix. PMID- 6805664 TI - Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6805665 TI - Intravenous naloxone in acute respiratory failure. PMID- 6805666 TI - Mapping cancer mortality. PMID- 6805663 TI - Lead in petrol. PMID- 6805667 TI - Insulin given intranasally induces hypoglycaemia in normal and diabetic subjects. PMID- 6805668 TI - Entensor digitorum brevis-a predictor of neuropathy in the leg? PMID- 6805669 TI - Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics: a direct challenge test with lignocaine for definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6805670 TI - Self-poisoning with sustained-release aminophylline: secondary rise in serum theophylline concentration after charcoal haemoperfusion. PMID- 6805671 TI - Problems with perinatal pathology. PMID- 6805672 TI - Pain on ejaculation after vasectomy. PMID- 6805673 TI - Preparing a leaflet for patient education. PMID- 6805674 TI - Screening for lung cancer. PMID- 6805675 TI - Cyclophosphamide treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus: risk of bladder cancer exceeds benefit. PMID- 6805676 TI - Hydralazine antinuclear antibodies and the lupus syndrome. PMID- 6805677 TI - Medial arterial calcification and diabetic neuropathy. PMID- 6805678 TI - Advances in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6805679 TI - Tetanus surveillance and prophylaxis. PMID- 6805680 TI - Health services administration and health services research. PMID- 6805681 TI - Maternal nutrition, breast feeding, and contraception. PMID- 6805683 TI - Treatment of unresectable pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6805684 TI - Can society live with asbestos? PMID- 6805685 TI - A happier old age in Denmark? PMID- 6805682 TI - Authors of the world, unite. . . PMID- 6805686 TI - Southampton's 10th anniversary. PMID- 6805687 TI - Rheumatoid cervical myelopathy. PMID- 6805688 TI - Action against cancer. PMID- 6805690 TI - Effect of transdermally administered hyoscine methobromide on nocturnal acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer. AB - Use of anticholinergic drugs in treatment of duodenal ulcers is limited by the side effects of widespread parasympathetic blockade evoked by usual therapeutic doses. A study was conducted into the effectiveness of transdermal delivery of hyoscine methobromide using a new system which releases the drug into the circulation at a controlled rate. In six patients whose duodenal ulcer had healed secretion of acid was measured over two nights, the first on placebo and the second on hyoscine methobromide. All patients responded to the active drug and showed a significant inhibition of acid secretion. Four subjects complained of a dry mouth after overnight treatment with hyoscine methobromide; no other side effects were reported. Transdermal delivery of anticholinergic drugs may be useful in maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcers and further clinical tests are indicated. PMID- 6805691 TI - Predictive value of SS-B precipitating antibodies in Sjoogren's syndrome. AB - As part of a screening programme several patients were identified with antibodies to the nuclear antigen SS-B. Fifteen were examined and 11 found to have Sjogren's syndrome, though this had not been suspected by most of the referring physicians. In contrast, among a group of 17 patients with overt Sjogren's syndrome, most of whom also had rheumatoid arthritis, only one had antibodies to SS-B. Patients presenting with polyarthralgia found to be SS-B positive may be likely to develop Sjogren's syndrome but unlikely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. The detection of SS-B antibodies may antedate clinical evidence of Sjogren's syndrome by months or even years. These results emphasise the clinical heterogeneity of Sjogren's syndrome. PMID- 6805693 TI - Walking sticks used by the elderly. PMID- 6805692 TI - Early reporting of myocardial infarction: impact of an experiment in patient education. AB - Many deaths from myocardial infarction occur before medical help is sought. A campaign was mounted in Nottingham ("Nottingham Heartwatch") to encourage early reporting. A total of 13 828 men and women aged 40 and over registered with three general practices were asked to telephone a hospital-based number if they developed chest pain lasting for more than 10 minutes. Patients from study practices reported chest pain earlier after our invitation than they had before and also earlier than patients from control practices. While accepting the advice to call early some patients from the study practices ignored our special number and telephoned their general practitioner. The calls received on the Heartwatch line yielded a lower percentage of definite and probable infarcts than the calls received by the patients' own doctors. The way in which the characteristics of the study practices might have influenced this difference is discussed since it has considerable implications for larger-scale attempts to bring patients with suspected myocardial infarction under medical care at the earliest opportunity. PMID- 6805689 TI - Effect of plasma exchange on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow. AB - The effects of plasma exchange using a low viscosity plasma substitute on blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow were investigated in eight subjects with normal cerebral vasculature. Plasma exchange resulted in significant reductions in plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity, globulin and fibrinogen concentration without affecting packed cell volume. The reduction in whole blood viscosity was more pronounced at low shear rates suggesting an additional effect on red cell aggregation. Despite the fall in viscosity there was no significant change in cerebral blood flow. The results support the metabolic theory of autoregulation. Although changes in blood viscosity appear not to alter the level of cerebral blood flow under these circumstances, plasma exchange could still be of benefit in the management of acute cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6805694 TI - Dark Warrior epilepsy. PMID- 6805695 TI - Accidental oropharyngeal injury. PMID- 6805696 TI - Review of maternity patients suitable for home delivery. PMID- 6805697 TI - Six generations in Wiltshire. PMID- 6805698 TI - Alcohol. PMID- 6805700 TI - Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. PMID- 6805699 TI - Communicable disease associated with milk and dairy products in England and Wales 1951-80. AB - In England and Wales between 1951 and 1980 233 reported outbreaks of communicable disease attributed to milk or dairy products affected nearly 10 000 people, of whom four died. Tuberculosis and brucellosis have been controlled, but milk-borne outbreaks of salmonellosis and campylobacter enteritis due to raw or defectively pasteurised milk are common and may be increasing in number. Universal heat treatment of milk is an effective preventive measure, and it is regrettable that the continued sale of untreated milk is to be permitted in England and Wales. PMID- 6805702 TI - Future structure of clinical tropical medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6805704 TI - Families in high-rise flats. PMID- 6805701 TI - ABC of diabetes. clinical presentation: why is diabetes so often missed? PMID- 6805703 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6805709 TI - A hundred and still going strong. PMID- 6805708 TI - When vagotomy fails. PMID- 6805705 TI - Fatal falciparum malaria and the availability of parenteral antimalarial drugs in hospitals. PMID- 6805707 TI - Vasodilators in heart failure. PMID- 6805706 TI - Xylene-induced epilepsy following innocent glue sniffing. PMID- 6805710 TI - Alcoholic cardiac beriberi. PMID- 6805712 TI - Maintenance of the inotropic effect of digoxin on long-term treatment. AB - M-mode echocardiograms and systolic time intervals were recorded before and six weeks after stopping digoxin in 11 patients in sinus rhythm to see whether the inotropic effect of digoxin was maintained with long-term treatment. Significant changes indicating a reduction in inotropic state on stopping digoxin were observed in the group. Clinical deterioration occurred in only one patient, associated with evidence of initially impaired cardiac function rather than an atypical response to digoxin. This study provides evidence that chronic digoxin treatment does continue to exert a positive inotropic effect. PMID- 6805711 TI - Toxicity of pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6805713 TI - After-exercise thermography and prediction of deep vein thrombosis. AB - A total of 112 patients participated in a prospective study of after-exercise thermography as a screening method for predicting risk of postoperative deep venous thrombosis. The fibrinogen-uptake test was used to detect thrombosis after elective surgery. The incidence of the complication showed no significant difference between patients who had had positive and those who had had negative thermograms. Thermography does not seem to be useful for predicting risk of postoperative thrombosis. PMID- 6805714 TI - Treatment of acute abscesses in the casualty department. AB - In the treatment of acute pyogenic soft-tissue abscess incision, curettage, and primary suture was compared with incision and drainage alone in a randomised prospective trial. Operations were performed under antibiotic cover by casualty officers, and patients were reviewed by an independent observer in a septic dressing clinic. Altogether 114 patients were studied, of whom 54 were treated by curettage and primary suture and 60 by simple drainage. The mean healing time was 8.9 days in those treated by primary suture and 7.8 days in those treated by simple drainage (p less than 0.05). Primary healing failed to occur in 19 (35%) of the sutured wounds, but there were no other complications in either group. It is concluded that incision and drainage alone is adequate treatment for acute soft-tissue abscess. PMID- 6805716 TI - Hypnotherapy for incontinence caused by the unstable detrusor. AB - Fifty incontinent women with proved detrusor instability completed 12 sessions of hypnosis (symptom removal by direct suggestion and "ego strengthening") over one month. This was continued at home with a prerecorded cassette, and all patients were followed up for at least six months. At the end of the 12 sessions 29 patients were entirely symptom free, 14 improved, and seven unchanged. Three months later cystometry in 44 of the patients showed conversion of the cystometrogram to stability in 22 and a significant improvement in a further 16; only six showed no objective improvement. Seven patients relapsed (three after bereavement). Further treatment was given and five out of six patients were rendered symptom free again. Patients with detrusor instability were not found to have a noticeably increased susceptibility to hypnosis. It is concluded that psychological factors are very important in "idiopathic" detrusor instability and that hypnotherapy is effective for incontinence due to this disorder. PMID- 6805717 TI - Pneumatosis cystoides coli in chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 6805718 TI - Simple and effective method of removing starch powder from surgical gloves. PMID- 6805719 TI - Prednisone in amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. PMID- 6805715 TI - Prospective double-blind comparison of buprenorphine and pethidine in ureteric colic. AB - In a double-blind prospective trial 26 consecutive patients with proved ureteric colic were allocated at random to receive 100 mg pethidine or 0.3 mg buprenorphine by intramuscular injection. Pain relief was assessed by standard linear analogue and ordered categories scales. The mean pain relief on the linear analogue scale was 3.80 +/- SEM 0.64 in patients receiving pethidine and 6.86 +/- 0.40 in those receiving buprenorphine (p less than 0.001). The corresponding values for mean pain relief in the ordered categories scale was 1.78 +/- 0.26 v 2.76 +/- 0.20 (p less than 0.01). These observations suggest that buprenorphine is superior to pethidine as analgesia in ureteric colic. PMID- 6805721 TI - Strangulated hernias through Tenckhoff cannula sites. PMID- 6805720 TI - Overt diabetes mellitus without glycosuria in a patient with cutaneous ureteroileostomy. PMID- 6805722 TI - Neonatal convulsions caused by withdrawal from maternal clomipramine. PMID- 6805723 TI - Organising a practice. Converting to practice premises. PMID- 6805725 TI - Peckham health project. Raising health consciousness. PMID- 6805726 TI - Pathology of partnerships. Bearable and unbearable partners. PMID- 6805724 TI - The GP and the specialist. Cardiology. PMID- 6805727 TI - Role of modern radiological investigations in obstructive uropathy. AB - Obstructive uropathy in its various forms accounts for much of the work load in urological units and general hospitals. Until recently, laboratory tests and excretion urography were the only procedures available for its assessment. The past few years have seen the development and refinement of ultrasound, examination by computer tomography, nuclear medicine, antegrade pyelography, and perfusion pressure flow studies. This paper examines the particular qualities of these modern procedures and their role in the clinical assessment of the obstructed urinary tract. PMID- 6805730 TI - Accuracy of hospital activity analysis data in estimating the incidence of proximal femoral fracture. PMID- 6805729 TI - ABC of diabetes. Treatment. PMID- 6805728 TI - Severe bleeding disorders in children with normal coagulation screening tests. PMID- 6805731 TI - Accuracy of hospital activity analysis operation codes. AB - The accuracy of operation codes on hospital activity analysis printouts has been compared with unit and patient records. Inaccurate information is being provided by the hospital activity analysis in a significant number of cases. The same mistake is often repeatedly made, suggesting deficient monitoring procedures. These lapses occurred despite a unit policy of medical staff entering the operation and diagnostic details on the HMRI(IP) sheet and the checking of all entries by a consultant. PMID- 6805733 TI - Measles eradication policies. PMID- 6805734 TI - The way ahead for rehabilitation. PMID- 6805732 TI - USSR letter. Care of the elderly. PMID- 6805735 TI - Falling mortality in coronary heart disease. PMID- 6805736 TI - Screening and counselling of school leavers for the carrier state of hereditary anaemias. PMID- 6805737 TI - Therapeutic control of anticoagulant treatment. PMID- 6805739 TI - Fourth goal of perinatal medicine. PMID- 6805738 TI - Auditory screening of school children. PMID- 6805742 TI - Acute renal failure in dense deposit disease: recovery after plasmapheresis. PMID- 6805740 TI - ABC of 1 to 7: whooping cough. PMID- 6805741 TI - Do women with menorrhagia need iron? PMID- 6805743 TI - Captopril in essential hypertension. PMID- 6805745 TI - Priorities for immunisation against hepatitis B. PMID- 6805744 TI - Additive antianginal effect of verapamil in patients receiving propranolol. PMID- 6805746 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias in the elderly. PMID- 6805747 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia occurring during cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6805748 TI - Lead in petrol again. PMID- 6805750 TI - Less surgical and more medical infections in hospital? PMID- 6805749 TI - Acute viral hepatitis B: laboratory reports 1975-9. PMID- 6805751 TI - Bronchoalveolar lavage. PMID- 6805752 TI - Electron microscopy: an essential tool for morphological diagnosis? PMID- 6805753 TI - Distributions of birth weight in seven Dublin maternity units. AB - Differences in birthweight distribution among babies born to Dublin residents during one year in seven maternity units were analysed. Large differences were found between the hospitals. The evidence indicated that most of the difference was attributable to the differing socioeconomic profile of the mothers in the hospitals. The socioeconomic gradients shown by the hospitals in the proportions of babies weighing less than or equal to 2500 g, less than or equal to 3000 g, and 3001-4499 g diverged with increasing socioeconomic disadvantage. Steepest gradients were found in hospitals where the socioeconomic disadvantage was greatest, and vice versa. The differences between the hospitals in the socioeconomic gradient of birthweight performance were tentatively ascribed to some sort of catchment area effect, which added to the disadvantage of the already most disadvantaged mothers. Differences in antenatal care and induction of labour between hospitals were not assessed but were thought unlikely to have made a major contribution to the differences in socioeconomic gradient. PMID- 6805754 TI - Why smoke fewer cigarettes? AB - Sixteen volunteers were tested when smoking their own brand of cigarettes normally and when smoking half their usual number of cigarettes. While smoking half their usual amount the subjects changed their inhalation behaviour. Over this period the percentages of carboxyhaemoglobin were not significantly different from steady-state values where plasma nicotine concentration rose significantly. With the reduction in cigarettes there were significant falls in haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, and red cell count. These findings suggest that the advice given to patients to smoke fewer cigarettes should be accompanied by a warning against increasing inhalation. Patients who say that they have reduced their smoking but who have unaltered carboxyhaemoglobin concentrations should not be discredited. PMID- 6805755 TI - Synergy between thinness and intensive sports activity in delaying menarche. AB - In a study to assess the effects of intensive physical activity and thinness on menarche records of 648 girls aged 10-14 were analysed. The girls were classified as thin or not thin on the basis of their body mass index, and whether or not they engaged in intensive sports activity was established. The presence of either thinness or intensive sports activity was associated with roughly a twofold decrease in the proportion of girls who had reached menarche; the presence of both factors was associated with roughly a fourfold decrease. These results did not appear to depend on age. Thus intensive sports activity and thinness appear to have a synergistic effect in delaying menarche. PMID- 6805757 TI - Acute and recurrent abdominal pain due to hereditary angio-oedema. PMID- 6805756 TI - Bromocriptine in management of large pituitary tumours. AB - Bromocriptine has an accepted place in the management of small pituitary tumours that secrete either prolactin or growth hormone. The treatment of large tumours with extrasellar extensions is more difficult, however: though surgery is the standard treatment, it is often unsuccessful in returning excessive hormone secretion to normal and may cause hypopituitarism. A prospective trial was undertaken to assess the frequency with which changes in pituitary function and size of large tumours occurs. Nineteen patients were studied before and during treatment with bromocriptine (7.5 to 60 ml/day) for three to 22 months, using contrast radiology and a detailed assessment of pituitary function. Eighteen patients had hyperprolactinaemia and two of these also had raised concentrations of growth hormones; one patient had an apparently non-functioning tumour. In 12 patients (63%) tumour size decreased with bromocriptine and no tumour enlarged. Nine patients had visual-field defects, which improved in seven, becoming normal in five. Pituitary function improved in nine patients (47%) becoming entirely normal in three. Bromocriptine should be the treatment of choice in patients with large pituitary tumours with extrasellar extensions, provided close supervision is maintained. PMID- 6805758 TI - Mianserin-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6805759 TI - Acute B viral hepatitis becomes fulminant after infection with hepatitis A virus. PMID- 6805760 TI - Steatorrhoea induced by allopurinol. PMID- 6805761 TI - Postoperative infection in shunts for hydrocephalus: are prophylactic antibiotics necessary? PMID- 6805765 TI - Recording symptoms and family relationships: a proposal. PMID- 6805764 TI - The GP and the specialist. PMID- 6805762 TI - Remission from polymyositis after total body irradiation. PMID- 6805763 TI - Effect of nifedipine on histamine reactivity in asthma. PMID- 6805766 TI - Elderly patients in a general surgical unit: do they block beds? AB - In a prospective study of patients aged 65 years and over admitted to a general surgical unit only one patient in 10 remained in hospital for more than a month and fewer than one patient in a hundred became a "bed-blocker." While the over 65s had mean and median durations of stay which were longer than those of younger patients, in almost all cases a prolonged stay in hospital resulted from postoperative morbidity and was not related to social or administrative factors. Only a reduction in the incidence of postoperative morbidity could achieve a significant saving in the number of bed-days occupied by elderly people. PMID- 6805767 TI - Mobile medical emergency units in France-part I. PMID- 6805768 TI - Mobile medical emergency units in France-part II. PMID- 6805772 TI - Consent to psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6805769 TI - ABC of Diabetes. Insulin treatment. PMID- 6805773 TI - Future structure of clinical tropical medicine in the United Kingdom. PMID- 6805771 TI - A programme for shared maternity and child care. PMID- 6805770 TI - Cost of counselling women who undergo mastectomy. AB - The psychiatric morbidity associated with mastectomy and brest cancer was substantially reduced by a specialist nurse who counselled women before and after surgery and monitored their progress. A controlled study was, therefore, carried out to determine what this cost. National Health Service costs were almost wholly covered by savings made because counselled subjects who developed psychiatric problems were recognised and treated much earlier than control patients. Counselled and control subjects suffered considerable financial losses, but these were offset in the counselled group by their relatives' earlier return to work. Such counselling schemes are necessary and effective and may be implemented at little extra cost. PMID- 6805774 TI - Sports anaemia. PMID- 6805775 TI - Notification of tuberculosis: a code of practice for England and Wales. PMID- 6805777 TI - Ethics and in-vitro fertilisation. PMID- 6805776 TI - Advances in respiratory distress syndrome. PMID- 6805778 TI - Intraspinal opiates and itching: a new reflex? PMID- 6805779 TI - Wheezing after alcohol. PMID- 6805780 TI - ENT. PMID- 6805781 TI - Male midwives. PMID- 6805782 TI - Objective test for food sensitivity in asthmatic children: increased bronchial reactivity after cola drinks. PMID- 6805783 TI - Controlled trial of chlorpromazine as antisecretory agent in patients with cholera hydrated intravenously. PMID- 6805784 TI - Preparing a leaflet for patient education. PMID- 6805785 TI - Carotid body tumours. PMID- 6805786 TI - Vancomycin: a reappraisal. PMID- 6805787 TI - Double prescribing to opioid addicts. PMID- 6805789 TI - Oral anticoagulants reassessed. PMID- 6805790 TI - Death by a thousand cuts. PMID- 6805794 TI - Cataract surgery. PMID- 6805792 TI - Pocket-sized device for measuring forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity. AB - An inexpensive pocket-sized instrument--the turbine spirometer--has been developed that measures and gives a direct digital display of the forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity. The instrument is as accurate as and considerably cheaper than spirometers in general use. Condensation does not affect the calibration. The turbine spirometer will enable spirometry to be easily monitored in hospital wards and general practice and by patients at home. PMID- 6805791 TI - Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomised study. AB - In a multicentre study of sepsis after total hip or knee replacement the operations performed by each surgeon were allocated at random between control and ultraclean-air operating rooms. Records were obtained from over 8000 such operations. In the patients whose prostheses were inserted in an operating room ventilated by an ultraclean-air system the incidence of joint sepsis confirmed at reoperation within the next one to four years was about half that of patients who had had the operation in a conventionally ventilated room at the same hospital. When whole-body exhaust-ventilated suits had been worn by the operating team in a theatre ventilated by an ultraclean-air system the incidence of sepsis was about a quarter of that found after operations performed with conventional ventilation. When all groups in the trial were considered together the analysis showed deep sepsis after 63 out of 4133 operations in the control group (1.5%) and after 23 out of 3922 operations in the ultraclean-air groups (0.6%) (ratio 2.6, 95% confidence limits 1.6-4.2; p less than 0.001). The design of the study did not include a strictly controlled test of the effect of prophylactic antibiotics, but their use was associated with a lower incidence of sepsis than in patients who had received no antibiotic prophylaxis at their operations (0.6% (34/5831) v 2.3% (52/2221); ratio 4.0). PMID- 6805788 TI - Managing cerebral malaria. PMID- 6805793 TI - Severe acquired immunodeficiency in European homosexual men. AB - Four previously healthy Danish homosexual men developed Kaposi's sarcoma or opportunistic infections with fever of unknown origin and lymphadenopathy. One patient died of a Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Three patients had defective cell-mediated immunity with absent leucocyte interferon production and decreased proliferative response to mitogens and antigens. T lymphocyte helper subsets and natural killer cell activity were reduced. Unstimulated mononuclear cells produced leucocyte migration inhibitor factor. Two patients were sexual partners and three had never been to the USA, where cases of severe acquired immunodeficiency have been reported. Thus, the syndrome must also be suspected in European homosexual men who present with fever of unknown origin, opportunistic infections, or Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6805796 TI - Electronic bed-wetting alarm and toilet trainer. PMID- 6805795 TI - Intestinal permeability in children with Crohn's disease and coeliac disease. AB - Mannitol and lactulose were used as probe molecules to measure intestinal permeability in children with active small-bowel Crohn's disease and with untreated coeliac disease. Mannitol and lactulose were administered by mouth in a moderately hypertonic solution (580 mmol (mosmol)/l), and results were expressed as the ratio of the molecules excreted in urine over five hours. Patients with Crohn's disease had a sixfold increase in permeability (due to increased lactulose permeability) and those with coeliac disease a fivefold increase (due to decreased mannitol permeability). From these results the test offers potential as a noninvasive investigation in children with small-bowel disease. PMID- 6805797 TI - Cryptosporidial enteritis without general or selective immune deficiency. PMID- 6805798 TI - Frequency of swallowing in duodenal ulceration and hiatus hernia. PMID- 6805799 TI - Pneumoarthropathy in septic arthritis caused by Streptococcus milleri. PMID- 6805800 TI - Cancer. PMID- 6805804 TI - Auditing practice organisation. PMID- 6805802 TI - Day-release courses in the West Midlands. PMID- 6805805 TI - Headache and tumours in children. PMID- 6805801 TI - Structuring medical records and constructing a Weaver index: a three-year project. PMID- 6805806 TI - Sir Thomas Browne: the man and the physician. PMID- 6805807 TI - "Well Sir Thomas?": oration to commemorate the tercentenary of the death of Sir Thomas Browne. PMID- 6805803 TI - Do alcoholics recover? PMID- 6805808 TI - Browne 300: festival at Norwich. PMID- 6805809 TI - ABC of diabetes. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. PMID- 6805810 TI - One hundred and fifty years of service. PMID- 6805811 TI - Medical planning for a major event: the Pope's visit to Coventry Airport, 30 May 1982. AB - The five-hour day visit by the Pope to Coventry Airport on 30 May 1982 required a major exercise in medical planning. First- and second-line first-aid facilities were provided by the British Red Cross Society and the St John Ambulance Association. Hospital facilities were provided in a 30-bed Territorial Army field hospital. The visit attracted a crowd of 350,000; 1424 casualties were seen at first-aid stations and 152 at the field hospital. Twenty patients required transfer to NHS hospitals for further treatment, and one woman died. Most ailments experienced were headaches and effects of heat, blisters, and abdominal symptoms. The field hospital treated a wide range of conditions including cardiac conditions, fractures, premature labour, and acute abdominal emergencies. PMID- 6805812 TI - Importance of mastalgia in operable breast cancer. PMID- 6805813 TI - High-density lipoprotein concentrations increase after stopping smoking. PMID- 6805814 TI - Claims about compression treatment for venous disease. PMID- 6805817 TI - Fatal cholestatic jaundice in elderly patients taking benoxaprofen. PMID- 6805815 TI - Heartburn in pregnancy. PMID- 6805816 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6805818 TI - Accidental oropharyngeal injury. PMID- 6805819 TI - Meningococcal disease in Scandinavia. PMID- 6805821 TI - The BMA's trade union structure--four years on. PMID- 6805820 TI - ABO blood group, secretor state, and susceptibility to recurrent urinary tract infection in women. AB - ABO blood group and secretor state was determined in 319 women with recurrent urinary tract infection and compared with those of a control group of 334 women of similar age ranges. Women of blood groups B and AB who are non-secretors of blood group substances showed a significant relative risk of recurrent urinary tract infection of 3.12 (95% confidence limits, 1.49 and 6.52) in comparison with other types. This appears to be a genuine example of synergy in which absence of anti-B isohaemagglutinin and secretor substances combines to give an increased risk of recurrent urinary tract infection. Determination of blood group and secretor state may provide additional information in identifying those at risk. PMID- 6805822 TI - Severe hypoglycaemia due to combined use of parenteral nutrition and renal dialysis. AB - A 24-year-old woman who had sustained serious injuries in a road traffic accident required renal dialysis daily and was fed intravenously with a solution containing 25% dextrose. Subsequently insulin had to be added to the parenteral fluid to maintain blood glucose concentrations at physiological values. On one occasion parenteral feeding was continued until dialysis was started; she became comatose and the plasma glucose concentration was found to be less than 1 mmol/l (18 mg/100 ml). She responded rapidly to a 50 ml intravenous bolus of 50% dextrose. When parenteral feeding and dialysis are used simultaneously glucose passes across the semi-permeable membrane from the blood to the dialysate so that hypoglycaemia may occur. Insulin added to the parenteral fluid further decreases blood glucose concentrations. Stopping parenteral feeding 30-45 minutes before dialysis is started eliminates this danger of hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6805823 TI - Acute renal failure and rise in alkaline phosphatase activity caused by cimetidine. PMID- 6805824 TI - Northumberland Young Practitioner Group. PMID- 6805825 TI - Medical communication: the old and new. The development of medical journals in Britain. PMID- 6805826 TI - The medical newspaper. PMID- 6805827 TI - The role of television. PMID- 6805828 TI - Future journals: paper or computers? PMID- 6805829 TI - Treatment of severe tetany due to hyperventilation during labour with a mixture of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. PMID- 6805831 TI - Gall-stone dissolution and recurrence: are we being misled? PMID- 6805830 TI - Assessment of diabetic control: adjustment of insulin dose. PMID- 6805832 TI - Increase in antibiotic resistance in Haemophilus influenzae in the United Kingdom since 1977. PMID- 6805833 TI - Severe bleeding disorders in children with normal coagulation screening tests. PMID- 6805834 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6805835 TI - Specificity of the immunosuppressive action of carbimazole in Graves's disease. PMID- 6805836 TI - Perinatal referral: a time for decisions. PMID- 6805837 TI - Where am I? PMID- 6805838 TI - Haemofiltration for profound dialysis-induced hypotension: removal of sodium and water without blood-pressure change. AB - Two patients with profound dialysis-induced hypotension were seen, in both of whom sequential ultrafiltration and haemodialysis failed to alleviate their symptoms; in one bicarbonate dialysis similarly produced no improvement. The hypotension was frequently severe enough to necessitate premature termination of the dialysis. Haemofiltration was associated with almost total resolution of symptoms, adequate biochemical control of uraemia, and satisfactory removal of weight gain between dialysis sessions. Profound hypotension during dialysis may become more common as older patients enter dialysis programmes; haemofiltration is a valuable technique in such cases. PMID- 6805839 TI - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone treated with frusemide. AB - Seven out of nine patients with chronic inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone were successfully treated with 40 mg frusemide daily. One patient needed 80 mg, and the remaining patient achieved only a small increase in diuresis after 40 mg frusemide; this was probably related to his low creatinine clearance. In order to maintain a salt intake high enough to compensate for the loss of urine electrolytes 3 to 6 g sodium chloride was added as tablets to the sodium-free diet in six patients. Hypokalaemia occurred in five patients but was easily corrected with either supplements of potassium chloride or a potassium-sparing diuretic. These findings add further weight to evidence that Frusemide is a good alternative for the treatment of patients with inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone who cannot tolerate water restriction. PMID- 6805840 TI - Pruritus and severe iron deficiency in polycythaemia vera. AB - Six patients diagnosed as having polycythaemia vera had severe pruritus that persisted despite adequate haematological control. Iron supplementation was given when iron deficiency was noted in all six patients. The pruritus began to improve two to 10 days after the start of treatment and had completely disappeared after two to three weeks. In three patients the iron treatment was stopped because of unacceptably high haemoglobin concentrations; the pruritus recurred. Since chronic iron treatment may result in increases in red cell mass indiscriminate use of iron in patients with polycythaemia vera and pruritus is not advocated. Nevertheless, in patients with severe symptoms and evidence of iron deficiency treatment with iron, continuing for two to three weeks after the symptoms have abated, may be beneficial. PMID- 6805841 TI - Postoperative analgesia with controlled-release morphine sulphate: comparison with intramuscular morphine. AB - Fifty patients undergoing hysterectomy or cholecystectomy took part in a trail of postoperative analgesia provided by either intramuscular morphine or controlled release morphine sulphate tablets orally. Respiratory function and plasma catecholamine concentrations were measured after operation and pain was assessed by using a linear analogue scoring method. Controlled-release morphine sulphate produced comparable pain relief with that of intramuscular morphine, and depression of respiratory function after operation was similar with the two analgesic regimens. The mean total dose of drug per patient given over 48 h to patients undergoing hysterectomy was 115 mg for morphine sulphate and 53 mg for morphine. Patients undergoing cholecystectomy received 130 mg morphine sulphate or 76 mg morphine. There was more sedation after operation in those patients undergoing hysterectomy who received morphine sulphate tablets. Morphine sulphate tablets produced satisfactory postoperative analgesia compared with intramuscular morphine: both regimens were acceptable to the patients. PMID- 6805842 TI - Minimum amount of penicillin prophylaxis required to control Streptococcus pyogenes epidemic in closed community. AB - The prophylaxis required to control an epidemic of Streptococcus pyogenes throat infection in a junior detention centre has been reported. In a further epidemic an attempt was made to determine the minimum amount of penicillin required to control the outbreak. Oral penicillin (0.5 g) given as a single daily dose for 10 days to all boys after entry proved effective. The added risk of relatively deprived adolescent boys developing rheumatic fever is stressed. PMID- 6805845 TI - Serious cardiac morbidity in infectious mononucleosis. PMID- 6805843 TI - Do patients receiving regular haemodialysis need folic acid supplements? PMID- 6805847 TI - Multiple general anaesthesia with Althesin. PMID- 6805844 TI - Thyrotoxicosis presenting as fracture of femoral neck. PMID- 6805846 TI - Psychological impairment and low-dose benzodiazepine treatment. PMID- 6805848 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from disseminated and localised infections in pre penicillin era. Auxotypes and antibacterial drug resistances. AB - Interest in the evolution of gonococcal auxotrophy led to a study of 72 strains isolated between 1935 and 1948 from the urogenital tract (57 patients), the eye (two patients), and from disseminated gonococcal infections (11 patients and probably two others). Two cervical isolates with nutritional requirements for proline, arginine, histidine, and biotin were oxidase-positive, Gram-negative diplococci, but their identity as Neisseria gonorrhoeae was uncertain because they were atypically susceptible to colistin and did not produce acid in glucose media. The N gonorrhoeae strains were highly susceptible to 11 other antibacterial drugs but not to sulphadiazine. Defects of one or more pathways for the biosynthesis of methionine, proline, arginine, threonine, lysine, the branched-chain amino acids, hypoxanthine, and thiamine pyrophosphate were found in 39 of the 70 strains, including four isolated in the presulphanilamide era. Unexpectedly, methionine was required for the growth of 11 (21%) of the 52 Danish strains and for 13 (72%) of 18 strains isolated in the USA. The Danish strains included 28 (54%) that did not require any of the compounds used for differentiating auxotypes, whereas this type was represented by only three (17%) of the USA strains. None of the gonococci required uracil or other pyrimidines. This suggests that the requirements for arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil commonly found in recent isolates from disseminated gonococcal infections probably evolved treatment with sulphonamide was replaced by penicillin. PMID- 6805850 TI - Single oral dose of cefaclor for the treatment of infections with penicillinase producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A single oral dose of 3 g cefaclor was effective in the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infection in women due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). Cefaclor was equally active in vitro against both PPNG (MIC range, 0.01-1.0 microgram/ml) and non-PPNG strains (MIC range, 0.005-2.0 micrograms/ml). As empirical treatment cefaclor was effective in 53 of 57 (93%) patients compared with ampicillin, to which only 37 of 53 (69.8%) patients responded. This difference was attributed to the 40% incidence of PPNG in the patients studied; as expected, such patients responded poorly to ampicillin. PMID- 6805849 TI - Auxotypes and antibacterial resistance to gonococci with differing susceptibilities to vancomycin. AB - The responses to vancomycin and 11 other antibacterial drugs and the nutritional requirements of gonococci recovered from two selective media were determined. Single urogenital specimens from 508 patients attending a social hygiene clinic in 1975 yielded 97 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae; 95 were recovered on VCNT (a modification of Thayer-Martin medium), always inoculated first, and 69 on LC medium containing lincomycin (4 micrograms/ml) and colistin (5 micrograms/ml). The two drugs at these concentrations in LC medium were not inhibitory for isolates from either medium. Unexpectedly, three isolates on VCNT were susceptible to vancomycin at the concentrations (3 micrograms/ml) in VCNT medium; these three were typically sensitive to penicillins but were hypersusceptible to erythromycin (inhibited by less than or greater than 0.05 micrograms/ml) and rifampin (less than or equal to 0.02 micrograms/ml). Resistance to streptomycin (greater than or equal to 500 micrograms/ml) (22% of the strains) was correlated with increased resistance to penicillins, erythromycin, and rifampin in most instances. All streptomycin-resistant gonococci required proline, or arginine, or none of the test compounds. Strains requiring arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil were uniformly sensitive to antibiotics but not hypersusceptible. In contrast, six strains of N gonorrhoeae isolated in Denmark required arginine (not satisfied by ornithine), hypoxanthine, and uracil and were hypersusceptible to vancomycin (inhibited by 0.5 micrograms/ml), erythromycin, and rifampin. DNA-mediated transformation showed that all three hypersusceptibilities of one Danish strain were introduced together into a wild-type gonococcus, suggesting that a mutation of an env (envelope) locus might be responsible for the atypical permeability. PMID- 6805852 TI - Reduction of dopamine utilization in the prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens after selective destruction of noradrenergic fibers innervating the ventral tegmental area in the rat. AB - The present study was made to determine the role of the noradrenergic (NA) neurons which innervate the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in the regulation of VTA dopaminergic (DA) neurons projecting to the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens. For this purpose, a 6-hydroxydopamine lesion was made in benztropine pretreated rats medially just above the decussatio of the pedunculus cerebellaris superior in order to specifically destroy the NA fibers innervating the VTA without affecting those projecting to the prefrontal cortex. Seven days later the ratio of DOPAC and DA levels was estimated in the prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens and used as an index of DA utilization. In the lesioned rats the DOPAC/DA ratio was significantly decreased in the prefrontal cortex but not in the nucleus accumbens. These results suggest that the NA neurons which innervate the VTA exert a specific tonic excitatory influence on the mesocortico prefrontal DA neurons. PMID- 6805851 TI - Therapeutic abortion and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix of 30 of 218 (13.8%) women admitted for legal termination of pregnancy. During the first two weeks after the abortion seven of the 30 (23.3%) patients developed pelvic inflammatory disease. Four of these had serological evidence of recent active chlamydial infection. Thus, routine examination of patients for genital chlamydial infection before termination of pregnancy is recommended. PMID- 6805854 TI - Pyramidal tract neurons in somatosensory cortex: central and peripheral inputs during voluntary movement. AB - Recordings with pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) in the primary somatosensory cortex of the monkey show that these neurons have 3 properties in common with PTNs of primary motor cortex: (1) they exhibit discharge prior to the onset of voluntary movement, (2) their discharge frequency varies as a function of strength of muscular contraction, and (3) they show reflex responses to afferent stimuli that occur during movement. These findings support the view that in addition to its widely recognized role in somesthetic perception, somatosensory cortex has a direct role in the control of movement. PMID- 6805853 TI - Induction of neurofilament triplet proteins in PC12 cells by nerve growth factor. AB - The localization of neurofilament triplet proteins in PC12 cells grown in the absence of (PC12-) or maintained in the presence of (PC12+) nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied using indirect immunofluorescence and monospecific, immunosorbent purified antibodies to 68,000 (P68), 150,000 (P150) and 200,000 (P200) dalton neurofilament proteins. The intensity of immunofluorescent staining of the triplet proteins was always greater in PC12+ compared with PC12-cells. Neuritic staining was seen in PC12+ cells with all 3 monospecific antibodies to neurofilament proteins. However, the perikaryal distribution of each of the neurofilament proteins differed in both PC12+ and PC12-cells. Monospecific antibodies to P68 protein yielded a 'ball-like' cytoplasmic staining pattern whereas monospecific antibodies by P150 protein stained in a stippled pattern. Monospecific antibodies to P200 on the other hand diffusely stained the perikaryal cytoplasm with very faint but detectable foci of 'ball-like' configurations and stippling. Electron microscopic study of PC12+ and PC12-cells revealed intermediate filaments in the cell bodies of both as well as in the processes of the former. 'Ball-like' clusters of such filaments were rarely seen. However, these filaments lacked the three-dimensional organization typical of intact neurofilaments. It is concluded that PC12 cells contain dissociated or incompletely assembled immunoreactive neurofilament triplet proteins and that these proteins can be induced by NGF. The PC12 cells are therefore an attractive model system not only for studies of neuronal differentiation but also for studies of neurofilament metabolism and disorders thereof. PMID- 6805856 TI - [Major OLA histocompatibility complex of sheep. Frequency of factors in sheep affected by trembling (scrapie) or normal sheep]. AB - The OLA histocompatibility complex of sheep was studied in a flock of Ile-de France breed affected with Scrapie. On the whole, gene frequencies of 9 out of 11 factors were increased in the non-affected sheep of this contaminated flock. In these sheep, frequencies of the three following genes appeared to be increased significantly: OLA-A4, OLA-A8, OLA-B6. When these genes were present in the sheep of this flock, the relative risk of Scrapie was estimated at 0.05, 0.10 and 0.25, respectively. PMID- 6805855 TI - [Critical role of rate previous freezing on the liberation of heat of fusion the preservation of hematopoietic cell lines]. AB - 71 bags of bone marrow cryopreserved and stored for periods up to 2 years, were thawed and CFUc recoveries were studied in relation to the rate of freezing following the heat of fusion. Excellent CFUc recoveries (greater than 50%) were obtained in all cases (11/11) for freezing rates smaller than 5 dgC/mn, whereas freezing rates greater than 10 dgC/mn produced poor recoveries in 78% of the cases (4/18). Intermediate freezing rates (5 less than 0 less than 10) resulted in intermediate yields of CFUc, with good recoveries in only 45% of the cases (19/42). These results indicate that CFUc recoveries and subsequently the kinetics of autologous engraftment following the infusion of cryopreserved marrow, which are already known to be related both to the freezing rate before the heat of fusion and the duration of the phase transition period, are also related to this new parameter, which should be carefully monitored during the freezing procedure. PMID- 6805857 TI - [Effect of preincubation of hepatic microsomes in the presence of chloramphenicol on microsomal lipid peroxidation]. AB - The influence of anaerobic preincubation of hepatic microsomes in the presence of chloramphenicol, in the view of reduction of nitro-group has been studied on later peroxidative degradation and activity of several enzymatic systems on lipids of pretreated microsomes. An inhibition of malonaldehyde production and conjugated dienes occurs in these conditions. Activity of methylaniline N demethylase and Neotetrazolium reductase were not affected. Possible relationships of chloramphenicol and its reduced metabolites on lipoperoxidation are discussed. PMID- 6805858 TI - [Interaction between oxyhemoglobin and cytoplasmic fragments of band 3 protein purified from human erythrocyte membranes]. AB - The cytoplasmic fragment of the band 3 protein strongly interacts with oxyhemoglobin, as shown by rate zonal centrifugation and fluorescence quenching measurements. According to their relative concentrations two different types of complexes can be formed with a molar ratio of the band 3 fragment per oxyhemoglobin tetramer of 0.9 and 1.8 respectively. The equilibrium binding constant of oxyhemoglobin for the peptide is 1.4 x 10(-7) M-1 in 5 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or an increase in pH in ionic strength prevent this association. PMID- 6805859 TI - [Different phenotypes of non-photosynthetic (photo-) phenotypes in Euglena gracilis: frequency of production by ultraviolet irradiation]. AB - In Euglena gracilis, pigment-less mutants appear spontaneously with a frequency of about 2-5 x 10(-3). Ultraviolet-irradiation increases the proportion of chlorophyll-less colonies to an upper limit where green colonies represent 4 x 10(-4) of the surviving ones. This limit indicate the occurrence of processes involving repair of the chloroplastic DNA. Most of the photosynthetic-deficient (phot-) mutants induced by ultraviolet irradiation are characterized by the presence of a reduced number of chloroplast DNA molecules showing deletions (phi class). Most of the phi- mutants present the phenotype phi- chlo- car-, where neither chlorophyll nor carotenoids are obvious; the phi- chlo- car+ mutants, devoid of chlorophyll but containing carotenoids, are obtained among the phi- strains with a frequency lower than 10(-3). The phot- mutants which belong to the cp- class are characterized by the maintenance of a great number of chloroplastic DNA molecules, where large deletions are absent; their occurrence after ultraviolet irradiation is low. PMID- 6805860 TI - [Possible action of riboflavin (vitamin B2) as a chemical telemediator in aquatic ecosystems (author's transl)]. AB - The attractive action of riboflavin at certain concentrations on the young Salmon (parr) has been demonstrated. This property diminished or disappears with smoltifications. Owing to the emission of riboflavin by the young Salmon, the possibility, at diverse migratory or sedentary phases of the biological cycle, of an action of a pheromone or ecomone type, is discussed. PMID- 6805861 TI - [Immunocytochemical localization of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH RH)-like substance in frog sympathetic ganglia]. PMID- 6805862 TI - [Laser nephelometry for the quantitative determination of the interaction between peanut lectins and asialoglycoproteins]. AB - The reaction of precipitation between peanut lectin and human serum desialylated glycoproteins was measured by means of laser nephelometry. Such a study can be used for the interactions with a purified asialoglycoprotein or with a whole serum. So, nephelometry allows investigations of abnormal or modified circulated molecules in a number of pathological situations. PMID- 6805863 TI - [Development of Eimeria tenella, agent of cecal coccidiosis in chickens, in non specific hosts: existence of an infective exointestinal form]. AB - The administration of various organs from Mice inoculated 1 to 7 days before with E. tenella oocysts induced caecal coccidiosis in Chicken. The most infective organs were the muscles and the intestine and to a lesser extent, the brain and the thymus. This demonstrates the existence of an exo-intestinal form of the parasite in a non specific host. This form is infective for the specific host. PMID- 6805864 TI - [Role of RNA in the inactivation of chromosomes during the metaphase]. AB - Unfixed, isolated metaphase chromosomes were used as template in an in vitro RNA synthesis assay. In these conditions, no RNA synthesis was observed by autoradiography. Transcription was effective after treatment with methanol-acetic acid, HCl 0,2 N, NaCl 0,35 M or pancreatic RNase. Transcription is the most important after treatment with RNase. This result points out the problem of the role of RNA in inhibition of chromosome during mitosis. PMID- 6805865 TI - [In vitro modification of the morphology and the growth of cells infected with scrapie (author's transl)]. AB - Seven cell lines originated either in brains or in neuroblastomas of Mice, were infected with Scrapie. After 12 to 16 in vitro passages, 6 lines out of 7 showed changes of their morphology, and of their growth, resembling those occurring in the course of a malignant transformation. The Scrapie infected cells acquired the capacity to form 2 to 4 times more colonies in liquid medium than the controls, and to develop large tridimensional colonies in semisolid medium. The role of Scrapie in these changes is discussed. PMID- 6805866 TI - [Tooth' non collagenous protein degradation by Streptococcus mutans (author's transl)]. AB - Enzymatic degradation of non collagenic proteins of the organic matrix of bovine teeth by cariogenic Streptococcus mutans has been studied. The activity on glycoaminoglycans of a constitutive bacterial exoenzyme depends on pH. The speed of degradation of each proteic fraction varies depending on the presence of the substrate during the growing phase of the Bacteria. PMID- 6805868 TI - Mammography 1982: a statement of the American Cancer Society. PMID- 6805870 TI - A personal tribute to Frank E. Adair, M.D. (1887-1981). PMID- 6805869 TI - Classics in Oncology. Lobular carcinoma in situ by Foote and Stewart. PMID- 6805867 TI - Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project: five-year summary report. PMID- 6805871 TI - The continuing importance of adequate surgery for operable breast cancer: significant salvage of node-positive patients without adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6805872 TI - [Experimental study on peracetic acid sterilization and its application in nursing burns (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805873 TI - [Patients with burns complicated by methemoglobinemia: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805874 TI - [The assessment of laryngectomy and radical neck dissection in the treatment of laryngeal cancers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805875 TI - [Experimentally induced biliary tract infection and observations on the effect of Yin Chen Dan Dao Tang on pyogenic cholangitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805878 TI - [The assessment of hemodilution in thoracic and cardiac surgery: clinical observations in 181 patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805876 TI - [A study on the composition of afferent fibers at point "Zusanli" in relation to acupuncture analgesia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805877 TI - [The incidence rate and histopathological characteristics of nasopharyngeal malignancies in the high-risk area Xhongshan County, Guangdong Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805879 TI - [Clinical analysis of 222 cases of anterior pituitary adenomas in females (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805883 TI - [Studies on erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in Chinese. I. Gd(-) Lizu-Baisha (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805880 TI - [A five-year report (1975-1979) of community control of cardiovascular diseases in Shijingshan People's commune of Beijing (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805881 TI - [Arterial injuries in electrically burnt upper limbs and effects of early reconstruction of blood circulation to the wrist: with clinical and pathological observations on 12 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805882 TI - [Percentages and types of consanguineous marriage in different nationalities of China (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805884 TI - [Three cases of Hb Willamette (beta 51(D2)Pro leads to Arg) and their structural analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805886 TI - [Determination of the normal value of plasmic free amino acids in Chinese children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805885 TI - [The mutagenicity of a new nitrosamine, N-1-methylacetonyl-N-3 methylbutylnitrosamine, to V79 cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805887 TI - [Chromosome analysis of 522 cases of our genetic counseling clinic (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805888 TI - [A large family with hereditary proximal spinal muscular atrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805889 TI - [Recent advances in hemoglobinopathy research in our country (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805890 TI - [A simple and rapid method for quantitative diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805891 TI - [Does inherited balanced translocation produce phenotypic effects? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805892 TI - [Human high-resolution chromosomes: principles, methods and application in medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805893 TI - [Detection of circulating anodic antigen in patients of schistosomiasis japonica by reversed indirect hemagglutination test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805894 TI - [The antimalarial effects of piperaquine phosphate and sulphadoxine composite as tested in Hainan Island (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805895 TI - [Kala-azar of lymph node (with report of lymph node biopsy in 12 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805896 TI - [Ultrastructure of bone marrow erythron in patients of favism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805897 TI - [Effects of HBeAg on vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805898 TI - [Arachnoid cyst of the posterior cranial fossa (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805900 TI - [Cigaret smoking and oral leukoplakia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805899 TI - [Epidural injection of prednisolone acetate for lumbar disk syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805901 TI - [Clinical observations on 142 cases of angina pectoris treated by four-limb sequenced external counterpulsation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805904 TI - [Personal opinion on the question of how to write a good paper of medical scientific research (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805903 TI - [Some problems in research work of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805902 TI - [On multiple sclerosis and disseminated cerebromyelitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805905 TI - [Empirical formula for calculation of t value (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805906 TI - [Toxoplasmosis and its serological diagnosis and prevention (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805907 TI - [The effect of L-lysine added to diet on growth and development of normal children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805908 TI - [Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and its regulating factors in healthy subjects and patients with coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805909 TI - [Ultrastructural analysis of experimental fracture healing---electron and optic microscopic observations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805910 TI - [Clinical observations and experimental study on the essential nature of Pi Qi Xu (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805912 TI - [A study on genetic laws concerning cleft lip and cleft palate. I. Polygenic analysis and calculation of heritability by electronic computer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805913 TI - [Coronoid process grafting in treatment of temporomandibular ankylosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805911 TI - [Genotoxicologic studies on pyquiton, a new antischistosomal agent (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805915 TI - [Clinical manifestations and cytogenetic analysis of Klinefelter's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805914 TI - [An investigation on the method, content and organization pattern of child health care in rural area (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805916 TI - [Measurement of axial angle of odontoid process and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805917 TI - Changes in plasma bone GLA protein during treatment of bone disease. AB - Bone Gla protein (BGP) was measured in the plasma by radioimmunoassay (RIA) during treatment of 59 patients with bone diseases including Paget's disease (N = 9), primary hyperparathyroidism (N = 25), chronic renal failure (N = 20), and cancer involving bone (N = 5). Plasma BGP was increased above normal in all patients. BGP decreased in the patients with Paget's disease following the acute and chronic administration of salmon calcitonin. Plasma BGP was higher in women then in men with primary hyperparathyroidism. Following parathyroidectomy, BGP decreased in both sexes but the decrease was significant in women only. Plasma BGP was increased in patients with renal osteodystrophy and did not change after hemodialysis. In the patients with bone cancer, plasma BGP decreased during treatment of the attendant hypercalcemia with salmon calcitonin. Although plasma BGP and serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels were generally correlated in these studies, there were examples of dissociation between the two. The measurement of plasma BGP appears to provide a specific index of bone metabolism that may in some circumstances be more sensitive than serum alkaline phosphatase measurement. However, further studies are necessary to establish the clinical value of plasma BGP measurement by RIA in the management of patients with bone diseases. PMID- 6805918 TI - Serum calcium regulating hormones in the perinatal period. AB - To clarify perinatal vitamin D metabolism, we measured 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D], 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and human calcitonin (CT) in paired maternal, cord, and infant serum. Cord serum 25OHD was significantly lower than the maternal level, and cord serum 24,25(OH)2D was also significantly below the maternal concentrations. Maternal, cord, and infant serum 1,25(OH)2D, on the other hand, was significantly higher than the normal adult level. The serum PTH was low, but the CT concentration was high in the cord. Cord serum Ca and P levels were significantly higher than maternal. The reason for the elevated circulating 1,25(OH)2D level in the perinatal period is uncertain, and we speculate that the possible factors are gonadal steroids, placental lactogen, prolactin, and CT. In addition, serum 24,25(OH)2D and 1,25(OH)2D concentrations are under some control by the fetus. PMID- 6805919 TI - Interglobular dentine in first and third molars: relation to hours of sunshine during growth in two archeological populations from England. AB - Thin ground sections of first molars (M1), third molars (M3), and second premolars (P2) were scanned by light microscopy for relative amounts of interglobular dentine (IGD) in the top half of the crown. Two well-dated cemetery series of English provenance were sampled: the Saint Bride's Church collection (SB) from eighteenth century London, for which the sex, age, and calendar year at death of each individual are known; and the early Anglo-Saxons from Abingdon (A AS), near Oxford. A lesser number of prehispanic aboriginal Guanche teeth from Tenerife (TG) were also studied. Estimates of insolation in the past were developed indirectly by reference to delta 0(18) mass spectrometer analyses of dated layers of the Greenland ice sheet. In the M1 and M3 of the SB and the A-AS populations, IGD varied as an inverse linear function of average annual hours of bright sunshine below a certain critical level, the insolation deficit threshold being significantly higher and IGD formation faster in the M1 than in the M3. No such dose-response gradient was apparent in the P2 data, presumably because the calcification of this tooth during the fourth year of life coincides with serious pediatric illnesses and weaning of the child onto cereal foods rich in phytate, which together confound and overwhelm the insolation deficit effect. IGD in all three types of teeth of the small TG series was considerably higher than had been predicted on the basis of bright sunshine availability; but the discrepancy is readily explainable in terms of this population's dietary, which relied on barley as the main staple. PMID- 6805921 TI - Acquired alterations in vitamin D metabolism in the acidotic state. AB - Classic (type I) renal tubular acidosis in children in attended by growth retardation and rickets, abnormalities that can be corrected by alkali therapy alone. We have employed the NH4Cl-treated rachitic chick as a model to investigate vitamin D metabolism in the acidotic state. NH4Cl ingestion for 96 h was associated with a rise in serum calcium, a significant decrease in blood pH (7.42 +/- 0.08 vs 7.30 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.005), decreased [3H]1,25(OH)2D3 following [3H]25OHD D3 injections, and enhanced metabolic clearance of administered [3H]1,25(OH)2D3. The data collectively suggest that metabolic acidosis in the chick alters the production and degradation of 1,25(OH)2D3. PMID- 6805923 TI - Correlation of 45Ca incorporation with maturation ameloblast morphology in the rat incisor. AB - Rats were injected with 45Ca and horseradish peroxidase to determine the patterns of 45Ca incorporation into incisor enamel and the morphological types of the overlying maturation ameloblasts. 45Ca autoradiography showed no differences in the patterns of incorporation into enamel between routinely embedded and freeze dried specimens. Enamel overlaid by ruffle-ended ameloblasts was much more heavily labeled while that overlaid by smooth-ended ameloblasts showed only moderate labeling. The observations lend further support to the hypothesis that the ruffle-ended cells are very active in mineralizing enamel and that the smooth ended cells are in a passive, restorative phase. PMID- 6805922 TI - Comparative protein biochemistry of developing dental enamel matrix from five mammalian species. AB - The matrix proteins of the developing dental enamel of five mammalian species were isolated and subjected to chromatographic, electrophoretic, and amino acid analyses. It was found that the principal chromatographic fractions showed similarities of both size and amino acid composition among species. The major amelogenin protein of the cow, hamster, human, and sheep was of about 30,000 daltons and of the pig enamel matrix about 20,000 daltons. In each species a higher molecular weight fraction, greater than 40,000 daltons, was detected. In the lower molecular weight range an amelogenin polypeptide enriched in leucine, a fraction rich in tyrosine, and a fraction of intermediate size (Bovine matrix "Component-14") were identified in each case. It is suggested that these characteristic proteins arise during the degradation of the matrix which accompanied mineralization. PMID- 6805920 TI - Blood:bone disequilibrium. VI. Studies of the solubility characteristics of brushite: apatite mixtures and their stabilization by noncollagenous proteins of bone. AB - Recent evidence of the occurrence of brushite in newly formed bone mineral prompted a study of the solubility properties of brushite:apatite mixtures under physiological conditions and the influence on them of pH, lactate, pyruvate, and, particularly, noncollagenous bone proteins (NCBPs). Brushite alone was surprisingly stable in solution at pH 7.4, 37 degrees C. In the presence of increasing amounts of apatite, hydrolysis of brushite to an insoluble phase occurred. A decrease of 0.1 pH unit or the addition of 1.5 mM pyruvate or 10 mM lactate increased the ion activity product (Ca2+ x HPO4(2-) 3 or more times. However, within the loose envelope of bone such conditions so different from those in the circulation might be only local or temporary. NCBPs, on the other hand, stabilized brushite in solution alone as well as in the presence of apatite for days. They probably act by adsorbing strongly to the crystal surface and preventing nucleation by apatite. This brushite-apatite-bone protein system exhibits solubility characteristics that can resolve the old problems presented by the participation of the skeleton in extracellular calcium homeostasis on the one hand, and by the apparent insolubility of the apatite mineral of bone on the other. PMID- 6805924 TI - The Ayerst Award Lecture 1981/La Conference Ayerst 1981. PMID- 6805925 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of lysine-rich histones in isolated nuclei from adult and embryonic chicken erythrocytes. AB - Isolated nuclei from adult chicken erythrocytes were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for histones H5 and H1. Nuclei in 0.15 M NaCl stained for H5 showed internuclear variations in intensity of fluorescence from bright to dim. Most individual nuclei were homogeneously stained although some showed a bright rim around a dimmer interior. Treatment of nuclei with Tween 80 in 0.15 or 0.03 M NaCl also gave internuclear variation in intensity. Adult nuclei stained for H1 (in 0.15 or 0.03 M NaCl) showed little internuclear variation; most nuclei stained brightly with a brighter rim. Simultaneous staining of H5 and H1 in the same nuclei confirmed the variable fluorescence of H5 and consistent fluorescence of H1. Most nuclei showed the presence of both histones. Nuclei from embryonic blood cells also showed considerable internuclear variation of H5 fluorescence and less variation with H1 staining. For both histones the proportion of brightly staining nuclei increased with embryonic development. Difficulties in interpreting quantitative variations in immunofluorescence are discussed. PMID- 6805926 TI - Isolation and characterization of histones and other acid-soluble chromosomal proteins from Physarum polycephalum. AB - Chromosomal basic proteins were isolated from amoebal and plasmodial stages of the acellular slime mold Physarum polycephalum. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis on high resolution acid-urea gels separated the five histone fractions in the sequence H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Under these electrophoretic conditions Physarum histones migrated more like plant (rye) than animal (calf) histones. Furthermore, Physarum histones H1, H2A, and H2B have higher molecular weights on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels than the corresponding calf fractions. No differences were detected between amoebal and plasmodial histones on either acid urea or SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Amoebal basic proteins were fractionated by exclusion chromatography. The five histone fractions plus another major acid-soluble chromosomal protein (AS) were isolated. The Physarum core histones had amino acid compositions more closely resembling those of the calf core histones than of rye, yeast, or Dictyostelium. Although generally similar in composition to the plant and animal H1 histones, the Physarum H1 had a lower lysine content. The AS protein was extracted with 5% perchloric acid or 0.5 M NaCl, migrated between histones H3 and H4 on acid-urea polyacrylamide gels, and had an apparent molecular weight of 15 900 on SDS gels. It may be related to a protein migrating near H1. Both somewhat resembled the high mobility group proteins in amino acid composition. PMID- 6805927 TI - Induction of a novel set of polypeptides by heat shock or sodium arsenite in cultured cells of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. AB - The heat-shock response has been characterized in cultured fibroblasts of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. The response has been elicited by two different stress situations; cells were either subjected to higher temperatures than normal (27 to 29 degrees C as opposed to 22 degrees C) or were incubated in medium containing sodium arsenite (15 to 100 microM final concentration). The response of the cells to these conditions is to synthesize a set of new polypeptides, the "heat-shock polypeptides" (hsps), that are not present or present in extremely low amounts in noninduced cells. Furthermore, during prolonged arsenite induction, the synthesis of normal cellular proteins is repressed. In trout fibroblasts, at least six hsps are detectable. These range from 30 000 to 87 000 in molecular weight and are referred to as hsp30, hsp32, hsp42, hsp62, hsp70, and hsp87. The hsp30 and hsp70 components are the most abundant and can be visualized by Coomassie blue staining of gels after prolonged induction. The heat-shock response is a reversible process in trout cells. Results of in vitro translation of mRNA from induced cells indicate that the control of hsp induction may be at the transcriptional level. Hsp70 from trout comigrates with the major hsp from Drosophila melanogaster on sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gels, suggesting that this protein may be highly conserved in evolution. PMID- 6805928 TI - Production of antibody to phosphoprotein associated with nucleosome structure. AB - Antibodies were produced to phosphoprotein fraction, and a phosphoprotein B2 obtained by carboxyl methyl cellulose column chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as described previously (Biochem. J. 183, 147 (1979)). Production of the specific antibody was confirmed by double immunodiffusion. The phosphoprotein B2 (relative mass 68 000), which was isolated from the phosphoprotein fraction by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, specifically reacted with the antisera, as identified by "rocket" immunoelectrophoresis. Further characterization of the antibody to the phosphoprotein was carried out by isoelectrofocusing gel electrophoresis. The phosphoprotein, previously identified in the isoelectric point (pI) region 6.2- 8.5, was subsequently reacted with antisera and 125I-labelled protein A. A prominent radioactive peak was identified in the region in which the phosphoprotein was focused. The radioimmunoactivity was proportional to the amount of phosphoproteins present in the isoelectric focusing gel. The presence of phosphoprotein antibody. The relationship between the phosphoprotein and chromatin structure, and possible role in gene regulation is discussed. PMID- 6805929 TI - Leucine dissimilation to isovaleric and isocaproic acids by cell suspensions of amino acid fermenting anaerobes: the Stickland reaction revisited. AB - Freshly compared cell suspensions of clostridia (Clostridium bifermentans, C. botulinum proteolytic type A, C. difficile, C. sordellii, and C. sporogenes) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius converted leucine to isovaleric (iV) and isocaproic (iC) acids in the absence of other amino acids. The optimal pH for conversion was between 8 and 9 at 37 degrees C. The stoichiometry of reaction was compatible with that expected for the Stickland reaction, as the ratio of iV to iC was 1:2, the amount of CO2 produced was equivalent to that of iV, and ammonium ion concentrations were equal to the total C5 and C6 acids formed. The presence of alanine and valine (proton donors in the Stickland reaction) in incubations effectively increased the concentration of iC at the expense of iV production, implying that leucine acted there primarily as a proton acceptor. Glycine and proline (proton acceptors) stimulated both iV and iC production from leucine, but increases in iV concentrations were proportionately greater than for iC so that leucine was primarily a proton donor in the presence of proton acceptors. Glucose stimulated the conversion of leucine to volatile fatty acids but favoured iC production. Production of iC from leucine was inhibited by surface active compounds (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and desoxycholate) as well as arsenite and iodoacetate. The redox dyes methyl viologen and phenosafranine inhibited iC production more severely than iV production, as did the nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent, metronidazole. PMID- 6805930 TI - The differential susceptibility of gonococcal opacity variants to sex hormones. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae exist in transparent (Tr) and opaque (Op) colony forms. Op forms are recovered from patients early in the menstrual cycle; Tr colonies predominate late in the cycle. The mechanism for this colonial variation was examined by determining the influence of gonodal hormones on growth inhibition of Op and Tr isogenic variants of gonococci. The estrogens, estrone and estradiol, enhanced growth whereas 19-nortestosterone, testosterone, and progesterone significantly inhibited gonococcal growth. Testosterone and progesterone inhibited growth of the Op variants to a greater degree than the Tr variants. Mixture of Tr and Op colonies grown in the presence of progesterone became predominantly Tr, as occurs in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This study supports the hypothesis of hormonal influence on colonial variation but employed artificial in vitro conditions and high hormone levels. PMID- 6805931 TI - Treatment outcome and efficiency in surgery. AB - Health gains for patients treated on the surgical service of the University Hospital in Saskatoon have been measured using an illness index matrix and these gains have been related to financial costs. Although many patients benefited, 46.5% did not, either because they suffered self-limiting complaints or because their diseases were beyond the surgeon's ability to help. This 60-bed surgical service generated costs of $8 million in 1979, of which about $3 million were for services from which there was little or no gain for the patient. Since 72% of expenditures were for basic bed, board and nursing costs, more exacting use of hospital beds holds the greatest potential for increasing efficiency. There is evidence, too, that our use of medical manpower may be improvident. PMID- 6805933 TI - Cimetidine and plasma levels of gonadotropins, prolactin and gonadal steroids in women. AB - The endocrine effects of cimetidine (Tagamet) during the menstrual cycle were investigated in seven healthy female volunteers. The subjects were studied for six menstrual cycles divided into the pretreatment phase, a phase of therapy with 1.2 g of orally administered cimetidine daily for two cycles, and a post treatment phase. Cimetidine therapy induced a significant increase in the mean plasma level of follicle-stimulating hormone during the periovulatory period, followed by modest but sustained hyperprolactinemia throughout the luteal phase of each cycle. No significant changes were found in the mean plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and progesterone, and the mean plasma estradiol level was significantly decreased only in the midproliferative phase of each cycle. The mean plasma prolactin levels after a bolus injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the midluteal phase during cimetidine administration did not differ from the mean control levels, which indicates that cimetidine modulates the release of prolactin at the suprapituitary locus. However, the significance of the endocrine changes remains to be established. PMID- 6805934 TI - Synoviorthesis in patients with hemophilia and inhibitors. PMID- 6805932 TI - Management of duodenal diverticula. AB - Duodenal diverticula are not uncommon. Uncomplicated diverticula require no treatment. In the period 1970 to 1980, 104 patients with symptoms presented at the Vancouver General Hospital and the Swedish Hospital in Seattle. Of these, 26% presented with pain and 24% with anemia. Malabsorption and benign tumours were noted infrequently. Fifteen patients were treated surgically for pain, perforation, hemorrhage, tumour, blind loop syndrome and obstruction of the duodenum, biliary tract or pancreatic duct. Two patients died. The second part of the duodenum was involved in 82% and the third part in 10%. Anatomical variations are common in the area of the ampulla; these should be anticipated before operation. Surgical procedures in the area may be technically demanding and associated with high mortality and morbidity. The choice of procedure depends on the urgency and nature of the complication of the diverticulum. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography can play a role in evaluating the possible significance of the diverticulum and the anatomy of the area. In some cases endoscopic sphincterotomy may be possible. In some situations diverticulectomy is contraindicated. PMID- 6805935 TI - Hemophilia: state of the art. PMID- 6805937 TI - Plasmacytoma of the colon: case report with lambda light chain, demonstrated by immunoperoxidase studies. AB - A case of solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma in the transverse colon of a 20 year-old woman is reported. This case is unusual in that the plasmacytomas are only rarely observed in the gastrointestinal tract and are especially uncommon in the colon and in young women. The lesion was composed of pleomorphic plasma cells and contained areas of extracellular amyloid deposition. Its neoplastic nature was verified by the use of immunoperoxidase studies which are positive only for lambda light chain. The subject of gastrointestinal plasmacytomas and the use of immunoperoxidase studies on plasmacytic lesions are discussed. PMID- 6805936 TI - Capacity use-dilution test: a means of testing the effect of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid on the bactericidal efficiency of phenol disinfectants. PMID- 6805938 TI - Carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses. AB - Thirty-eight patients with carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses received primary therapy consisting of external beam megavoltage irradiation alone or in combination with surgery at the Stanford University Medical Center, Division of Radiation Therapy, during the period between 1956-1974. Doses of radiation ranged from 5560 rad over 5 1/2 weeks to 8050 rad over seven weeks. Relapse free survival is 37% and absolute survival 32% at five years. Twenty of 38 patients developed local failure and four patients died with metastatic disease but local control. Serious complications included two cases each of osteoradionecrosis and optic nerve injury. The data are analysed regarding dose, radiotherapeutic technique, patterns of relapse and complications. PMID- 6805939 TI - Postoperative irradiation of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas area: short time tolerance and results to precision high-dose technique in 18 patients. AB - During the period from January 1977-August 1979, 18 patients with biopsy-proven pancreas duct or ampullary adenocarcinoma with no distant or liver metastases underwent external beam radiation therapy following laparotomy. With the use of a 25 MEV photon beam and a four field "box" technique, the dose delivered to the target volume identified with radio-opaque clips at laparotomy was 6000 rad in six weeks, while largely sparing the spinal cord, kidney, liver and gut. All patients subjected to low fat, gluten free diet completed treatment as planned without any acute reaction. Three patients developed delayed pancreatic insufficiency. According to actuarial survival analysis and low morbidity such an approach may lead to increase survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6805940 TI - Mode of action of polyethylene glycol 6000 in potentiating the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity by MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleen cells. AB - Some of the possible mechanisms by which polyethylene glycol (PEG) augments the ability of MOPC-315 tumor bearer spleen cells to mediate in vitro antitumor cytotoxicity were evaluated. The level of antitumor cytotoxicity obtained in 5 day cultures of tumor bearer spleen cell suspensions correlated inversely with the percentage of Trinitrophenol (TNP)-rosettable cells (presumably metastatic tumor cells) present in the spleen. The kinetics of decrease in the percentage of TNP-rosettable cells coincided with the appearance of antitumor cytotoxicity. In addition, PEG was shown to interfere with the ability of viable tumor cells to suppress the in vitro generation of antitumor cytotoxicity in normal spleen cells cultured with mitomycin C-treated tumor cells. However, the decrease in the content of TNP-rosettable cells and the concurrent increase in the level of antitumor cytotoxicity were not due to direct cytotoxic and/or cytostatic effects of PEG on tumor cells. Spleen cells cultured in the presence of PEG had an increased rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation and proliferation compared to spleen cells cultured in the absence of PEG. However, the PEG-induced decrease in the percentage of TNP-rosettable cells either preceded or occurred at the same time that the PEG-induced increase in spleen cell number was observed. Therefore, spleen cell proliferation can at best explain only partially the PEG-induced decrease in the content of TNP-rosettable cells, and other mechanisms for the decrease must be considered. PMID- 6805942 TI - Cooxidation of the clinical reagent 3,5,3'5'-tetramethylbenzidine by prostaglandin synthase. AB - Prostaglandin synthase catalyzes the oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2 via a hydroperoxide intermediate, prostaglandin G2. The prostaglandin synthase system cooxidizes 3,5,3'5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a derivative of the human carcinogen benzidine, to colored products. This process is arachidonic acid dependent and indomethacin sensitive. The reaction is also supported by hydroperoxides, and, in this case, indomethacin has no effect. This suggests that the cooxidation is mediated by the hydroperoxidase activity of prostaglandin synthase. The products of TMB oxidation by this system are the same as those obtained with lactoperoxidase and H2O2 or with horseradish peroxidase and H202. The initial products of TMB oxidation are the TMB radical cation and a charge-transfer complex composed of TMB and its two-electron (diimine) oxidation product. The TMB radical cation was identified by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Ascorbic acid reduces the products, regenerating the parent compound. PMID- 6805941 TI - Inhibition of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors in Syrian hamsters by prior infection with H-1 parvovirus. AB - Hamsters, given injections s.c. at birth of H-1 parvovirus and 1 month later given a single injection of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, had a 38% tumor incidence compared with a 95% incidence in animals receiving 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene alone. Thus, H-1 which, it has already been shown, invokes a resistance to the incidence of spontaneous and adenovirus-induced neoplasms in hamsters also produces a suppression of a carcinogen-induced tumor in these animals; this suggests that the H-1-induced barrier to successful oncogenesis by these diverse agents has a common mechanism which, present experiments indicate, is not related to a positive or negative H-1 serology. The pathology of the 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumors was similar for both control and H-1-infected hamsters. Although all but one of the primary neoplasms were anaplastic fibrosarcomas as reported previously by others, 25% of the affected females had, in addition, mammary adenocarcinomas, an extremely rare tumor in hamsters. PMID- 6805944 TI - Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase-dependent cooxidation of (+/-)-trans-7,8 dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene in C3H/10T 1/2 clone 8 cells. AB - (+/-)trans-7,8-Dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BP-7,8-diol), the proximate form of the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene, is cooxidized during the oxidation of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase (PES). This enzyme can oxidize BP-7,8-diol to the reactive intermediate (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, which binds covalently to macromolecules, is mutagenic in bacterial test systems, and forms 7,8,9,10-tetrahydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BP-tetrol) isomers. We have examined the cooxidation of BP-7,8-diol in an intact cell culture system of C3H/10T 1/2 clone 8 mouse embryo fibroblasts, in which both the mixed-function oxidase and PES systems are present. When BP-7,8-diol is incubated for 72 hr with approximately 10(6) confluent cells, high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the organic extractable products reveals all four pairs of BP-tetrols, with those from (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene predominating. The addition of arachidonic acid (100 microM) produced a 2- to 3-fold increase in the formation of BP-tetrols from (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha,10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene, while the metabolism of BP-tetrols from (+/-)-7 beta,8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 beta,10 beta-epoxy-7,8,9,10 tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene was unchanged. The addition of the PES inhibitor indomethacin (100 microM) completely eliminated this stimulation. Cell transformation assays were carried out under the same conditions. The addition of arachidonic acid resulted in a 10-fold increase in foci formation, while indomethacin inhibited the increase in foci formation by 70%. These results suggest that cooxidation of BP-7,8-diol to reactive intermediates by PES can occur in an intact cell system if stimulated with arachidonic acid. In addition to mixed-function oxidase-dependent activation of carcinogens, the cooxidation of chemicals to reactive metabolites during prostaglandin biosynthesis may also play a role in carcinogenesis. PMID- 6805946 TI - Electron microscopic and cytochemical observations of theophylline and melanocyte stimulating hormone effects on melanoma cells in culture. AB - The effects of theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone on B16 melanoma cells in culture cells were studied by electron microscopy and dopa cytochemistry. The data show that theophylline and melanocyte-stimulating hormone enhance melanogenesis by activating tyrosinase synthesis and its transfer but that neither affects the synthesis of the well-organized eumelanosome matrix. Their pigmenting effects appear to be limited to the melanogenic cells and result from a marked increase, particularly in theophylline-treated cells, in pheomelanosome formation. PMID- 6805943 TI - Comparative effects of dietary administration of 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene on several hepatic enzyme activities in mice and rats. AB - Effects of feeding mice and rats with 2(3)-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), the two most commonly used food additive phenolic antioxidants with known anticarcinogenic properties but with only minor differences in their chemical structures, have been compared to search for common effects between the two agents in two different rodent species and then applied toward better understanding of the mechanisms involved in their protective actions. In liver microsomes of treated mice, both BHA and BHT enhanced the relative activity of aniline ring hydroxylation but decreased the relative benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activities. However, in rats, although aniline ring hydroxylation activity was decreased by both compounds, the decrease of benzo(a)pyrene monooxidase activity was observed only with BHT. Thus, common effects could not be recognized at the microsomal mixed-function oxidase level. Contrary to expectations based on chemical structures, BHT feeding elevated by epoxide hydrolase activity to an even greater extent than that produced by BHA, especially in rats. However, enzyme activities involved in the glucuronide conjugation system (uridine diphosphate:glucuronyl transferase, uridine diphosphate:glucose dehydrogenase, and quinone reductase) are all elevated by both antioxidants in both rodent species. With BHA treatment, the levels of acid soluble thiols were increased in both rats and mice. However, with BHT, the level was increased only in mice but not in rats. Similar trends were produced for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, but glutathione reductase activity was increased even for BHT-treated rats. Additionally, the glutathione S transferase activities were also increased by both antioxidant treatments and in both rodent species. Based on these results, the elevations of epoxide hydrolase activity along with the enhanced glucuronide conjugation and glutathione oxidation and reduction conjugation system enzyme activities were common to both compounds in both rodent species. This suggests their involvement in anticarcinogenic mechanisms. Increases of these detoxification enzyme activities appeared to be all designed to accelerate the elimination of administered antioxidants but, inadvertantly, conferring protective effects from xenobiotics such as carcinogens. PMID- 6805945 TI - Chemotherapy of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: initial report on two transplantable models in the Syrian hamster. AB - Experimental evaluation of chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer has been limited by the lack of suitable animal models, which have only recently become available. The present study is the first report on the chemosensitivity of two transplantable animal models of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The single-agent antitumor activity of 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, mitomycin C (MMC), methotrexate, actinomycin D, vincristine, and two dose levels of Adriamycin (ADR) were tested against established palpable tumors of well-differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (WD PaCa), a solid tumor model of the Syrian hamster. None of the agents or dosages of ADR were effective against palpable WD PaCa tumors. ADR, MMC, streptozotocin, and the combination of 5-fluorouracil, ADR, and MMC were similarly ineffective when administered 1 week after WD PaCA implantation, while tumors were still nonpalpable. The behavior of poorly differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PD PaCa), an ascitic model of the Syrian hamster, was studied for comparison. In vivo, with survival as the end point, PD PaCa is markedly sensitive to ADR, perhaps weakly sensitive to MMC, and resistant to streptozotocin. In vitro clonogenic assays from cultured PD PaCa and WD PaCa confirmed the pattern of response seen in vivo. The data suggest that these recently developed pancreatic cancer models can be profitably used and compared, both in vivo and in vitro, as examples of relatively chemotherapy resistant (WD PaCa) and more sensitive (PD PaCa) tumor models. PMID- 6805947 TI - Effects of teleocidin and the phorbol ester tumor promoters on cell transformation, differentiation, and phospholipid metabolism. AB - The potent tumor-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and related diterpene phorbol esters have been shown to enhance viral transformation and anchorage-independent growth, inhibit differentiation, and stimulate phosphatidylcholine turnover in various cell culture systems. In the present study, we report that teleocidin, and indole alkaloid isolated from Streptomyces, induces several biological effects similar to those of TPA in cell culture. Both TPA and teleocidin enhanced transformation of a clone of Fischer rat embryo cells (CREF) by a temperature-sensitive mutant of adenovirus type 5 (H5ts125); enhanced the cloning efficiency in agar of E11 cells, a clone of H5ts125-transformed Sprague-Dawley rat embryo cells; inhibited melanogenesis in murine B-16 melanoma cells; inhibited myogenesis in myoblast cultures established from normal human skeletal muscle; and stimulated choline release from prelabeled phospholipids of C3H10T 1/2 mouse cells. In general, TPA and teleocidin were equipotent in inducing these biological effects and were most active in the 3- to 10-ng/ml range, i.e., approximately 10(-8) to 10(-9) M. These studies provide further evidence that teleocidin represents a new class of tumor-promoting agents with properties similar to, if not identical with, those of the phorbol ester tumor promoters. These findings also suggest that cell culture systems can be used to identify new types of tumor-promoting agents in addition to the diterpene phorbol esters. PMID- 6805948 TI - Inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity by phospholipase A2 inhibitors and lipoxygenase inhibitor. AB - Application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA; 20 nmol/mouse), a tumor promoting agent, to mouse skin results in an induction of epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17). Induction of ODC by TPA was inhibited by treatment of skin with indomethacin (1.12 mumol/mouse), a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and the ODC activity suppressed by indomethacin was completely restored by concurrent application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (140 nmol/mouse) as described first by Verma et al. (Cancer Res., 40: 308-315, 1980). Treatment of mice with tetracaine (20 and 100 mumol/mouse), a nonspecific phospholipase A2 inhibitor, inhibited the induction of ODC by TPA. More specific phospholipase A2 inhibitors, mepacrine (20 mumol/mouse) and p-bromophenacyl bromide (10 mumol/mouse), also inhibited the ODC induction. The TPA-induced ODC inhibited by mepacrine was not restored by the treatment of mice with PGE2. TPA-induced ODC inhibited by either mepacrine or p-bromophenacyl bromide was partially but significantly restored by treatment with arachidonic acid (1 to 40 mumol/mouse). Neither PGE2 nor arachidonic acid alone could induce the epidermal ODC. Treatment of mice with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10 to 90 mumol/mouse), a lipoxygenase inhibitor, also inhibited the induction of ODC by TPA. These results strongly indicate that the stimulation of phospholipase A2 activity is a crucial process in inducing mouse epidermal ODC by TPA and not only cyclooxygenase product (i.e., PGE2) but also lipoxygenase product(s) are involved in the mechanism of ODC induction. Our present data also suggest that the above arachidonate metabolites are essential but not sufficient factors for the TPA-stimulated induction of ODC. PMID- 6805950 TI - Phase I trial of pentamethylmelamine. AB - Pentamethylmelamine, an analog of hexamethylmelamine developed for iv use, was administered to 42 patients in a phase I clinical trial. The dose ranged from 0.080 to 2.50 g/m2/day x 5 and was repeated approximately every 3 weeks. The dose limiting toxic effects included moderate to severe nausea, vomiting, and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Myelosuppression was mild and was not dose limiting. Antineoplastic activity was observed in four patients. Due to unacceptable gastrointestinal and CNS toxic effects from pentamethylmelamine at the active dose levels, we do not recommend disease-specific phase II trials. PMID- 6805949 TI - Effects of aromatase inhibitor 4-hydroxyandrostenedione and other compounds in the 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced breast carcinoma model. AB - Aromatase inhibitor, 4-hydroxyandrostene-3,17-dione (4-OHA), is a highly effective treatment in rats with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced hormone dependent mammary tumors. Over 90% of tumors regress to less than one-half of their original size, and a high proportion regress completely. Treatment of rats with other inhibitors, 4-acetoxyandrostene-3,17-dione and 1,4,6-androstatriene 3,17-dione produce similar results. In comparison with other aromatase inhibitors, the compounds reduced ovarian estrogen secretion in the rat to the same extent as aminoglutethimide, whereas Teslac was without effect. The latter two compounds caused little and no regression of DMBA-induced mammary tumors, respectively. Our recent studies with 4-OHA, 4-acetoxyandrostene-3,17-dione, and 1,4,6-androstatriene-3,17-dione indicate that they interact with aromatase by a two-component mechanism, a rapid competitive inhibition, and a slower enzyme inactivation. Treatment of rats with 4-OHA also caused greater than 80% loss of ovarian aromatase activity in vivo and a reduction in ovarian estrogen secretion, which are maintained for at least 48 hr after injection. Although 4-OHA is cleared rapidly in vivo, the above results suggest that the compound has a sustained effect. Thus, when 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced tumor-bearing rats were treated with 4-OHA injections on alternate weeks, tumor regression continued to occur during weeks without treatment. The overall regression was similar to that with continuous treatment. 4-OHA is also effective and similar to ovariectomy in rats with hormone-dependent metastatic mammary tumors produced by nitrosomethylurea. Our results indicate that mammary tumor regression induced by 4-OHA is mainly the result of the inhibition of aromatization, although other activities of the compound may also contribute. PMID- 6805951 TI - Hexamethylmelamine-CAF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-FU) and cisplatin CAF in refractory ovarian cancer. PMID- 6805952 TI - Chromatofocusing of lysosomal hydrolases from bovine testis. PMID- 6805954 TI - The basis for selecting a valve prosthesis. PMID- 6805956 TI - Increased sensitivity of the arterial chemoreceptor drive in young men with mild hypertension. AB - Ventilatory, airway occlusion pressure, arterial blood pressure and heart rate responses to isocapnic progressive hypoxia and to hypercapnia in high oxygen, both induced by a rebreathing method, were measured in 20 hypertensive male subjects aged 20 to 21 years with a diastolic blood pressure of 13.1 KPa +/- 0.34 SD (98 mmHg +/- 2.6 SD) and in 20 age-matched normotensive male subjects. Ventilatory, airway occlusion pressure and blood pressure response to hypoxia was significantly greater in the hypertensive subjects. Hypoxic ventilatory drive measured as the parameter A denoting the shape of the V1-O2 curve was 28.8 +/- 2.7 SEM (range 7.0 to 44.2) in the normotensive group and 116.1 +/- 10.5 SEM (range: 71.6 to 234.77) in the hypertensive group, the difference being highly significant (P less than 0.001). The magnitude of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) recorded during progressive hypoxia and plotted against either PA. O2 or VI values was significantly greater in the hypertensive group. The difference in ventilatory and circulatory responses to hyperoxic hypercapnia between the two groups of subjects was not significant. There was a significant correlation between the responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in the normotensive subjects (r = 0.56, t = 2.861, P less than 0.01) but no correlation in the hypertensive subjects (r = 0.07). It is concluded that dissociation of the responsiveness of the peripheral and central chemosensitivity, the former being significantly increased and predominant, occurs in early, mild hypertension. PMID- 6805955 TI - Angiographic evaluation of the ductus diverticulum. AB - The aortic isthmus in adults has a variable appearance on thoracic aortograms. Its configuration may show a concavity, a straightening or slight convexity, or a discrete focal bulge. The latter finding represents a ductus diverticulum and, in review of 103 aortograms, was found present in 9% of patients. At times a prominent ductus diverticulum may resemble, and be mistaken for, a traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the aortic isthmus. A traumatic pseudoaneurysm may be distinguished from a ductus diverticulum on aortography by demonstration of an intimal flap and/or delayed clearance of contrast material on subtracted films. However, a ductus diverticulum will exhibit neither of these features. PMID- 6805953 TI - The structures of six urinary oligosaccharides that are characteristic for a patient with Morquio syndrome type B. AB - Morquio syndrome type B is an inherited, lysosomal storage disease characterised by a marked deficiency in acid beta-D-galactosidase, while the 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-beta-D-galactose 6-sulphate sulphatase activity is normal. Urinary oligosaccharides were studied in order to evaluate the effect of the diminished beta-D-galactosidase activity on the catabolism of glycoconjugates and to compare their structure with those excreted by patients with GM1-gangliosidosis. The following oligosaccharides were isolated: beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6)-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D GlcpNac(1), beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp (1 leads to 6)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcpNAc (2a), beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-[alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcpNAc (2b), beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D Manp-(1 leads to 6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcpNAc (3), beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-Glcp-NAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-(beta-D Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-[beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4) beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 6)]-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6))-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcpNAc (4), beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2) alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 4)]-[beta-D-Glap-(1 leads to 4)-beta-D-GlcpNAc-(1 leads to 2)-alpha-D-Manp-(1 leads to 6)]-beta-D-Manp-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glcp-NAc (5). Significant differences between Morquio syndrome type B and GM1- gangliosidosis have been observed, with regard to the excretion rate and the specific structures of urinary oligosaccharides. Compounds 2a, 2b, and 5 are novel members of the series of oligosaccharides isolated from the urine of patients with inherited lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 6805957 TI - Toward eradication of poliomyelitis by combined use of killed and live vaccines. PMID- 6805958 TI - A case of acquired haemophilia. PMID- 6805959 TI - Asynchronous segmental early relaxation of the left ventricle. PMID- 6805960 TI - Tumor bearer T cells suppress BCG-potentiated antitumor responses II. Characteristics of the efferent phase suppressor. PMID- 6805961 TI - Immunoregulation by macrophages: differential secretion of prostaglandin E and interleukin 1 during infection with Salmonella enteritidis. PMID- 6805962 TI - Characteristics and differential T-cell dependency of human B-cell colony precursors. PMID- 6805964 TI - [Sexual development and the levels of gonadotrophic hormones in maturing girls living in the district humenne with respect to ethnical differences observed in gypsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6805963 TI - Regulation of B cell tolerance by murine gangliosides. PMID- 6805965 TI - Metabolism of 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl: role of the intestinal microflora in the formation of bronchial-seeking methyl sulphone metabolites in mice. AB - Groups of germ-free and conventional mice were treated with 2,4',5 trichlorobiphenyl (triCB) and [35S]cysteine or [35S]methionine, respectively. Control animals received the labelled amino acids only. Conventional mice accumulated significantly more extractable radioactivity both in lung and kidney tissues when compared to germ-free mice. The extracted radioactivity in lung and kidney tissues was shown to be due to the accumulation of methyl-[35S]sulphonyl triCB. The low radioactivity in lungs of the germ-free mice was also shown to be due to the accumulation of small amounts of the sulphones. The results indicate an involvement of the intestinal flora in the formation of methyl sulphone metabolites of triCB. PMID- 6805967 TI - Thyroid hormone-induced changes in the hepatic monooxygenase system, heme oxygenase activity and epoxide hydrolase activity in adult male, female and immature rats. AB - In 8-day-old rat pups, pretreatment with a single injection of L-triiodothyronine or L-thyroxine decreased hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, aminopyrine N demethylase activity and epoxide hydrolase activity but increased hepatic microsomal cytochrome c reductase, 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase and heme oxygenase activities without significantly altering UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity (towards o-aminophenol) or the microsomal yield. In adult rats of either sex such single injections of L-triiodothyronine failed to significantly alter these enzyme activities. However, multiple injections evoked changes similar to those observed in the pups, in all these enzyme activities, except that 7 ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity was slightly decreased rather than increased. These findings demonstrate that: (1) The hepatic monooxygenase system in the rat pup is more responsive to thyroid hormones than that in adult. (2) Thyroid hormones can decrease rat liver cytochrome P-450 content and its dependent monooxygenase activity independently of sexual maturity. (3) Thyroid hormones also decrease hepatic epoxide hydrolase activity in both pups and adults. Thus, hyperthyroidism could render the rat pup more susceptible to hepatotoxicity from electrophilic epoxides which utilize microsomal epoxide hydrolase as the major detoxication pathway. PMID- 6805968 TI - Chemically-induced glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation. AB - Malondialdehyde (MDA) formation in mouse liver homogenates was measured in the presence of various glutathione depletors (5 mmol/l). After a lag phase of 90 min, the MDA formation increased from 1.25 nmol/mg protein to 14.5 nmol/mg in the presence of diethyl maleate (DEM), to 10.5 with diethyl fumarate (DEF) and to 4 with cyclohexenon by 150 min. It remained at 1.25 nmol/mg with phorone and in the control. On the other hand, glutathione (GSH) dropped from 55 nmol/mg to 50 nmol/mg in the control to, less than 1 with DEM, to 46 with DEF, to 3 with cyclohexenon and to 7 with phorone. The data show that the potency to deplete GSH is not related to MDA production in this system. DEM stimulated in vitro ethane evolution in a concentration-dependent manner and was strongly inhibited by SKF 525A. From type I binding spectra to microsomal pigments the following spectroscopic binding constants were determined: 2.5 mmol/l for phorone, 1.2 mmol/l for cyclohexenon, 0.5 mmol/l for DEM and 0.3 mmol/l for DEF. In isolated mouse liver microsomes NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase activity were unaffected by the presence of DEM, whereas ethoxycoumarin dealkylation was inhibited. Following in vivo pretreatment, hepatic microsomal electron flow as determined in vitro was augmented in the presence of depleting as well as non-depleting agents, accompanied by a shift from O2- to H2O2 production. It is concluded that it is not the absence of GSH which causes lipid peroxidation after chemically-induced GSH depletion but rather the interaction of the chemicals with the microsomal monoxygenase system. PMID- 6805966 TI - Identification of an arene oxide metabolite of 2,2',5-5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. AB - Tritiated 2,2'5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (3H-TCB) was incubated with phenobarbital(PB)-induced rat liver microsomes in the presence of an epoxide hydrase inhibitor and brominated analog (BrAO) of the expected metabolic intermediate, 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl-3,4-oxide (TCBAO). A putative arene oxide intermediate (3H-AO), which was radiolabeled, was separated from 3H-TCB and BrAO by column chromatography, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and was analyzed for TCBAO by methods that were independent of radiometric techniques. The retention times (Rt's) of TCBAO and 3H AO on two gas chromatography (GC) columns were the same, both before and after acid catalyzed rearrangement. 3H-AO was further characterized by rearrangement to a mixture of 3- and 4-hydroxy-TCB that was identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The rate of TCB metabolism and the production of 3H-AO by liver microsomes from a PB-induced, adult male rhesus monkey was less than that observed with rat microsomes. The 3H-AO from the monkey was also characterized as TCBAO by rearrangement to the characteristic TCB phenols that were analyzed by GC MS using selective ion monitoring. This study is the first in which an arene oxide of a polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) was actually isolated as a mammalian metabolite and subjected to direct chemical analysis. PMID- 6805969 TI - [The role of parenteral nutrition in the treatment of acute hemorrhagic necrotic pancreatitis and related complications; apropos of a case]. PMID- 6805970 TI - Intravenous solution therapy simplified: rationalisation of formulations and packs. PMID- 6805971 TI - [Current concepts of antiviral agents]. PMID- 6805972 TI - Mitomycin-C, VP16-213 combination as third line chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6805973 TI - Structures of covalent adducts derived from the reactions of the 9,10-epoxides of 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo [a] pyrene and 9,10,11,12-tetrahydrobenzo [e] pyrene with DNA. AB - The reaction of the racemic mixture of 7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo [a] pyrene (B[a]PDE) and its enantiomer with DNA is highly stereoselective. About 90% of the adducts are derived from the former enantiomer reacting with the amino group of guanine residues. To investigate this stereoselectively we compared the reactions of 9,10-epoxy 7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo [a] pyrene and 9.10-epoxy-9,10,11-12-tetrahydrobenzo [e] pyrene with DNA. Most of the stereoselectivity seen with B [a] PDE is lost. Both epoxide give mainly adducts on the N2 group of guanine by both cis and trans additions to the epoxide. Other adducts, tentatively identified as deoxyadenosine derivatives, were also detected. PMID- 6805975 TI - Metabolic nitrite formation from N-nitrosamines: evidence for a cytochrome P-450 dependent reaction. AB - Nitrite was formed on incubation of N-nitrosamines with a reconstituted monooxygenase system, consisting of cytochrome P-450 (P-450) and NADPH P-450 reductase from pig liver. Nitrite was not obtained when the nitrosamines were incubated with NADPH P-450 reductase alone or when molecular oxygen or NADPH were omitted. Interaction of nitrosamines with the reconstituted P-450 system or with hemoglobin under reducing conditions resulted in optical spectra identical with those obtained with nitrite. It is proposed that N-nitrosamines are denitrosated by electron transfer from the hemoprotein iron to the nitrosamine molecule. PMID- 6805974 TI - Physical interactions of isomeric benzo [a] pyrene diol-epoxides with DNA. AB - The physical interactions of two diol-epoxides derived from benzo [a] pyrene (B[a]P), 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro B[a]P (BPDE) and 9,10 dihydroxy-7,8-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro B[a]P, (reverse BPDE) with DNA have been studied in a simple, in vitro system. The effects of DNA on the rates of hydrolysis of BPDE and reverse BPDE were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. For both compounds, interaction with DNA was indicated by an increase in the rate of hydrolysis in the presence of DNA. This increased hydrolysis was more marked for BPDE than for reverse BPDE. Direct confirmation of physical binding was obtained by u.v. spectroscopy, where a 10 nm redshift in absorbance maxima characteristic of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.DNA intercalation complexes was observed. Using absorbance changes to monitor binding, association constants of 6580 L/mol and 5080 L/mol were determined for BPDE and reverse BPDE, respectively. Consistent with the intercalation model, binding was inhibited by low concentrations of Mg2+. The enhancement of hydrolytic rate by DNA for BPDE and reverse BPDE was also inhibited by low concentrations of Mg2+, suggesting involvement of intercalation complexes in the mechanism of enhanced hydrolysis. PMID- 6805976 TI - 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene-deoxyribonucleoside adduct formation in vivo: evidence for the formation and binding of a mono-hydroxymethyl-DMBA metabolite to rat liver DNA. AB - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl benz[a] anthracene (DMBA) is a potent carcinogen to the female Sprague-Dawley rat, and when administered under conditions that have been shown to produce cancer, resulted in extensive formation of hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleoside adducts. Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase h.p.l.c. and spectrofluorometric analysis of these adducts demonstrate that at least one adducts results from the binding of 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-3,4,-dihydroxy-1,2,-oxide. In these experiments, employing i.p. administration of the hydrocarbon, a second more polar adduct was observed. Evidence is presented that this adduct results from the formation of a monohydroxymethyl-methyl-benz [a] anthracene-A-ring-diol-epoxide. While both of the monohydroxymethyl-DMBA metabolites have been shown to bind cellular DNA following their administration this is the first evidence of monohydroxymethyl DMBA-deoxyribonucleoside adducts being formed after the administration of DMBA per se. The evidence suggests that this more polar adduct is a 7-hydroxymethyl-12 methylbenz[a]anthracene-deoxyribonucleoside adduct. PMID- 6805980 TI - Unpredictable fluctuations in transcutaneous pCO2 from capillary blood gas determinations. AB - Transcutaneous pCO2 electrode response time was optimized by use of a new electrode filling solution composed of NaCl/NaHCO3 electrolyte buffer (100 and 20 mmol/L, respectively) in an equivolume mixture of glycerol and water. The 95% response time to a step change in pCO2 was 49.9 +/- 2.8 s (mean +/- SD) when there was no spacer between the membrane and glass of the electrode. Use of this filling solution during monitoring of severely ill premature infants with cardiopulmonary disease allowed identification of large, unpredictable transient changes in transcutaneous pCO2, and therefore presumably in arterial pCO2, that occurred during capillary blood gas sampling. The changes, which occurred in 19 of 20 samplings, ranged from -1.06 + 2.53 kPa (-8 to +19 Torr). The maximum relative change observed was +29%. These results indicate that the standard protocol for capillary blood collection induces significant transient fluctuations in blood gas tensions. We believe these fluctuations decrease the reliability of capillary pCO2 values for use in clinical management in patient populations similar to ours. PMID- 6805981 TI - Method-comparison studies on immunoglobulins. PMID- 6805982 TI - Potential usefulness of serum prealbumin in total parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6805983 TI - Double gammopathies: importance of the laboratory in early diagnosis. PMID- 6805979 TI - Failure of blood cardioplegia to protect myocardium at lower temperatures. AB - To assess the effect of temperature, oxygenated blood and crystalloid cardioplegic solutions (CPs) at infusion temperatures of 20 degrees C, 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C were compared. The amount of potassium in each CP was 25 mEq/l. There were six study groups with seven canine hearts in each group, all of which were subjected to 90 minutes of global ischemia at 20 degrees C, 10 degrees C or 4 degrees C, followed by 45 minutes of normothermic reperfusion. During ischemia, either blood or crystalloid CP was given every 30 minutes. With each infusion, any change in myocardial oxygen tension was recorded using mass spectrometry, and oxygen consumption (MVO2) was calculated. Left ventricular (LV) function was assessed before and after ischemia in all hearts by measuring isovolumic developed pressure using an intraventricular balloon. Injection of 20 degrees C blood CP resulted in a mean increase in intramyocardial oxygen tension (PO2) of 7 mm Hg. At 10 degrees C or 4 degrees C, blood CP infusions did not cause a significant increase in intramyocardial PO2, while with crystalloid CP, intramyocardial PO2 did not increase at any of the three infusion temperatures. The mean MVO2 with each blood CP injection, expressed as ml O2/100 g LV wet weight, was 16.5 +/- 0.8 for 20 degrees C blood, 4.1 +/- 0.3 for 10 degrees C blood and 3.5 +/- 0.4 for 4 degrees C blood (p less than 0.001, 20 degrees C blood vs 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C blood). MVO2 with each crystalloid CP injection was 0.9 +/- 0.1 for 20 degrees C CP, 0.8 +/- 0.1 for 10 degrees C CP, and 0.7 +/- 0.1 for 4 degrees C CP. Recovery of developed pressure after 45 minutes of reperfusion, expressed as a percentage of preischemic control, was 76.0 +/- 3.4% or 20 degrees C blood CP, 65.6 +/- 2.3% for 10 degrees C blood CP, and 54.0 +/- 2.7% for 4 degrees C blood CP (p less than 0.05, 20 degrees C blood CP vs 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C blood CP). Recovery of developed pressure, also expressed as a percentage of preischemic control, was 56.6 +/- 1.4% for 20 degrees C crystalloid CP, 72.9 +/- 3.0% for 10 degrees C crystalloid CP, and 72.0 +/- 2.3% for 4 degrees C crystalloid CP (p less than 0.05, 20 degrees C crystalloid CP vs 10 degrees C and 4 degrees C crystalloid CP). These data show that blood CP is most effective when infused at 20 degrees C. The use of 10 degrees C blood CP enhanced myocardial cooling, but was of no additional benefit, presumably because there was little oxygen delivery. Blood CP at 4 degrees C resulted in significantly poorer preservation of LV function. Crystalloid CP infused at either 4 degrees C or 10 degrees C was as effective as 20 degrees C blood CP, despite the absence of oxygen use by hearts treated with crystalloid CP. PMID- 6805977 TI - Left ventricular performance before and after aortocoronary artery bypass surgery. AB - Left ventricular performance was studied before and late (mean 12-17 months) after aortocoronary artery bypass surgery by quantitative, computer-based videoangiography. We measured total function (left ventricular ejection fraction, volumes and end-diastolic pressure) at rest (in 60 patients) and before and after exercise (abnormal exercise hemodynamics preoperatively in 32 patients) and regional function (peak rate of systolic wall thickening) at rest (in 60 patients) and before and after administration of nitroglycerin (in 19 patients). Total left ventricular function at rest is usually unchanged postoperatively. Exercise hemodynamics are more sensitive indexes of performance and, if abnormal, usually improve postoperatively if revascularization has been complete and extensive myocardial infarction has not occurred. Regional myocardial function usually improves postoperatively if the bypass graft to the region is patent and has a blood flow of more than 60 ml/min (measured late postoperatively by videodensitometry) and if no previous infarction was present in the region. Myocardial infarction and graft blood flow of 40 ml/min or less are the two main factors that prevent improvement in abnormal regions defined by the regional wall thickening method when bypass grafts are patent. Regions supplied by occluded grafts show decreases in regional function. The preoperative wall-thickening response to administration of nitroglycerin can be used to distinguish ischemia and significant myocardial infarction and to predict the successful response to aortocoronary bypass graft surgery. PMID- 6805978 TI - Mechanisms governing the postural response and baroreceptor abnormalities in chronic congestive heart failure: effects of acute and long-term converting enzyme inhibition. AB - We assessed the hemodynamic and hormonal response to tilt and the baroreceptor response in 12 patients in sinus rhythm with severe chronic congestive heart failure. We also assessed the response to acute (n = 12) and chronic (n = 8) converting-enzyme inhibition with captopril. The control tilt was characterized by high cardiac filling pressures, absence of significant peripheral pooling and apparent absence of afferent stimuli for hemodynamic and hormonal response. After acute captopril, the hemodynamic response to tilt was improved, but not normalized. The chronic response was characterized by the absence of a reflex increase of systemic vascular resistance on tilt despite peripheral pooling. Five patients developed orthostatic hypotension, but responded to acute infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride. Efferent sympathetic activity (response to cold pressor) was abnormal during the control study, but indistinguishable from normal subjects by the time of chronic captopril therapy. This paralleled an improved responsiveness of plasma catecholamines during chronic tilt. The Valsalva maneuver remained abnormal. There was a distinct absence of the normally anticipated heart rate increase on tilt, suggesting a parasympathetic abnormality. PMID- 6805984 TI - Optimal conditions for the assay of lipoamide dehydrogenase in homogenized human platelets. AB - Widely different method have been used to assay lipoamide dehydrogenase in tissues from patients with neurological diseases. We have re-examined conditions of assay in homogenized human platelets in the light of results of optimal and inhibitory conditions others have found for the purified pig and rat liver enzymes. Optimal conditions in homogenized platelets for the forward, physiological direction were pH 8.0, 2-4 mmol/l dihydrolipoamide and 1.6-2 mmol/l NAD+ and for the reverse reaction, pH 7.3, 1.2-2 mmol/l lipoamide and 0.125-0.2 mmol/l NADH. Km values by the Lineweaver-Burke method were approximately 420 mumol/l dihydrolipoamide, 180 mumol/l NAD+, 600 mumol/l lipoamide and 27 mumol/l NADH. The optimal conditions and Km values are similar to those reported for the purified pig and rat enzymes. Assays by the present methods should therefore reflect the activity of lipoamide dehydrogenase and not the effects of substrate or cofactor inhibition nor the effects of other, interfering enzyme activities. PMID- 6805985 TI - Influence of iron saturation as a possible source of error in the immunoturbidimetric determination of serum transferrin. PMID- 6805986 TI - Variability in pK'1 of human plasma. AB - (1) Results were presented of an investigation of the relationship between ionic strength and PK'1 (negative logarithmic form of the apparent overall first dissociation constant of carbonic acid in plasma) in separated human plasma at constant PCO2. (2) Ionic strength was varied by adding dry NaCl to diluted aliquots of plasma from six healthy people and dry NaCl plus dry NaHCO3 to diluted aliquots of plasma from six other healthy people. pK'1 was determined from simultaneous measurements of pH and PCO2, and measurements of TCO2. Values for solubility factor for CO2 (s) were corrected for differences in plasma water and in Na concentration. All plasmas were equilibrated at 37 degrees C in a tonometer with a constant gas mixture (5% CO2, 12% O2, 83% N2). Precision of pK'1 determinations averaged 0.003. pK'1 was also determined on fresh undiluted healthy plasma, similarly tonometered. (3) We report (a) considerable variability in pK'1 of fresh undiluted healthy plasma (from 6.0197 to 6.1217); and also in extrapolated values for pK'1 at a notional zero ionic strength (6.179 to 6.325); (b) that variation in plasma ionic strength alters pK'1; (c) that change in plasma bicarbonate [HCO3]p can also change pK'1; (d) that change in pK'1, changes measured pH. (4) Implications are discussed. PMID- 6805989 TI - Idiotypic peripheral blood lymphocytes in monoclonal gammopathy. PMID- 6805990 TI - Mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin production by chronic lymphocytic leukaemic lymphocytes. AB - The capacity of B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) to produce and secrete immunoglobulin following mitogen stimulation was investigated using sensitive radioimmunoassays for mu, gamma, alpha, kappa, and lambda immunoglobulin chains. Lymphocytes from seven of the 11 patients studied secreted immunoglobulin in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). IgM was always the major immunoglobulin and in five of the seven responders it was the only class detected; only one type of light chain was observed in most cases. This was in contrast to normal lymphocytes which secreted all classes of immunoglobulin (IgM was invariably the lowest) containing both types of light chain. Lipopolysaccharide induced immunoglobulin secretion in only one of four CLL cases. This was again IgM with only one type of light chain. The assays are therefore most probably measuring a response by the leukaemic cells. In most CLL cases, immunoglobulin secretion by the residual normal cells, which proliferate in response to mitogen, was not observed. This inability of the normal lymphocytes to differentiate fully into immunoglobulin secreting cells and the block in switching from IgM production to other classes in the leukaemic cells may both be attributable to a defect in the regulatory system of the immune response in CLL patients. PMID- 6805988 TI - The occurrence and properties of E rosette inhibitory substance in the sera of malnourished children. AB - In vitro sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette inhibitory activity was observed in the sera of nine out of 22 (41%) children with kwashiorkor, three of 15 (20%) marasmic children, neither of the two children with marasmic-kwashiorkor and in one of 42 (2%) well nourished control children. Sera of children with kwashiorkor containing the E rosette inhibitory substance did not inhibit in vitro rosette formations by autologous lymphocytes whereas rosette formations by homologous lymphocytes were inhibited. Inhibition of E rosette formation occurred when lymphocytes were pretreated with serum having the inhibitory substance before incubation with sheep red cells, but there was no such inhibition when sheep red cells were pretreated with the same serum before incubation with lymphocytes. The inhibitory substance was observed to be stable at 4 degrees C up to about 1 week and migrated electrophoretically with the alpha-2 globulins. It was digested by papain. It is probable that the E rosette inhibitory substance demonstrated in the present study is attached to markers on T lymphocyte surfaces in some malnourished children thereby making the lymphocytes unreactive in vitro and presumably in vivo as well. PMID- 6805987 TI - Glycogen storage disease: long-term follow-up of nocturnal intragastric feeding. AB - Nocturnal intragastric feeding of patients with certain hepatic forms of glycogen storage disease has been advocated as an effective treatment, resulting in improved blood chemical values and linear growth. We are reporting the long-term follow-up of five patients with glycogen storage diseases; three with type Ia, one with type Ib, and one with type III disease. All had improvement in one or more of the following: linear growth, serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase, total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, or triglycerides. None had significant improvement in venous CO2, serum lactate or urate. One of the patients in this study died after 1.1 years of treatment, and another patient developed hepatocellular carcinoma after 4.4 years of treatment. Nocturnal intragastric feeding, in conjunction with appropriate daytime feeding, is helpful in the management of patients with glycogen storage disease but response to treatment is variable, and it remains to be determined whether the ultimate prognosis of the diseases can be improved. PMID- 6805991 TI - Receptors for IgA on human thymus cells in myasthenia gravis. AB - Specific surface receptors for the Fc region of human immunoglobulin A (Fc alpha R) were identified on the thymus cells of all 15 patients affected by myasthenia gravis. A large variation of the percentage of Fc alpha R bearing thymus cells was recorded (9 . 5-66 . 0%; mean value 27 . 9 +/- 17 . 8) the high values being associated in most cases with the thymus hyperplasia and the low values with a lipomatosis of the organ. Even the lowest percentage of Fc alpha R bearing cells recorded in myasthenia gravis are considerably higher than those found in normal subjects (0 . 4-4 . 1; mean value 1 . 8) demonstrating that the expression of Fc alpha R on the thymus cells is the consequence of the disease. No attempts were made to identify the cell population bearing Fc alpha R but indirect results indicate that the cells belong to E-rosette forming population, and, in some cases, to a null cell population devoid of the ability to form E and EAC rosettes, Fc alpha R can bind various IgA ligands and the binding is confined to a small fraction of IgA (not more than 5%) considered as cytophilic IgA. PMID- 6805992 TI - A search for an enriched source of polymeric IgA in human thoracic duct lymph, portal vein blood and aortic blood. AB - Because human bile contains a lot of secretory IgA, it has been suspected that the human liver, like rat liver, transfers polymeric IgA from plasma to bile. Hence, a rich source of polymeric IgA might enter the general circulation of man. We examined human thoracic duct lymph, portal vein blood and aortic blood for content and molecular size of IgA. None of the fluids was found to have either a higher total concentration of IgA or a higher proportion of polymeric IgA than that found in peripheral venous blood. It is possible that hepatic clearance of plasma IgA does not occur in man to the extent that it does in the rat, and a relatively larger proportion of human biliary IgA might originate from synthesis in hepatobiliary tissues. PMID- 6805996 TI - Heterotopic ossification of the hip as a complication of tetanus. AB - Heterotopic ossification is a very rare complication of tetanus. In one case heterotopic ossification occurred around both hip joints. The values of serum creatine phosphokinase had been elevated significantly when the patient had major muscle spasms. The elevation in serum alkaline phosphatase values following that in creatine phosphokinase values persisted for about four weeks. Partial resection of the bone mass about the right hip joint resulted in a satisfactory improvement in performance of daily activities. The specimens incised at operation revealed both lamellar and woven bone surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. Very near the bone mass were severely degenerated muscle fibers. In addition, evidence suggesting metaplasia of fibroblasts to osteoblasts was seen in some areas. Clinical and laboratory data indicate trauma as a main etiologic factor of heterotopic ossification following tetanus. Heterotopic bone formation should be considered if elevation of the serum alkaline phosphatase values persists beyond the period of elevation of serum creatine phosphokinase values. Artificial ventilation may be beneficial for preventing heterotopic ossification following tetanus if it is administered before there is significant elevation of the serum creatine phosphokinase values. PMID- 6805995 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Factors that affect results. AB - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare disease of unknown etiology and variable natural history. Treatment offers a high percentage of poor results. The decision of when the limb will be cosmetically and functionally better than a below-knee prosthesis is a critical one that the orthopedic physician must reach with the patient. The presence or absence of neurofibromatosis apparently does not alter the result. Those cases which show a cystic radiographic appearance have a more favorable prognosis than those which become or present as dysplastic. The more times the patient is bone grafted without success, the worse the result is likely to be. Shortening of the limb is not only important from a functional standpoint but may also serve as a prognostic index for the difficulty of achieving union as well as subsequent problems with ankle stiffness, pain, and deformity. The response to grafting may also be an important factor in determining the result; those patients who rapidly resorb the graft have a poor chance for a successful outcome. It does not appear that the type of bone grafting procedure is of large significance unless the graft has its own blood supply. Although prophylactic grafting cannot be demonstrated to alter the natural history of this disease, it, along with other developmental techniques, may be advisable. PMID- 6805994 TI - Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. A long-term follow-up study. AB - A review of 36 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia revealed that at long-term follow-up, patients tended to fall into three groups: (1) those who show the typical radiographic and physical findings of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, fracture before eight years of age and progress of pseudarthrosis; these cases tended to proceed to a poor end-result, regardless of the form of treatment; (2) those who did not show the typical prefracture stage but fractured after the eight years of age responded well to grafting procedures and had minimal shortening and satisfactory results at long-term follow-up; and (3) those patients who presented with a prefracture stage tibia but were braced and never fractured, and had a satisfactory end-result. PMID- 6805993 TI - Carcinoma of the gall-bladder in a patient on long-term chenodeoxycholic acid therapy. PMID- 6805998 TI - Bladder diverticula masquerading as pubic metastases. PMID- 6805999 TI - Atlas of Tc-99m iminodiacetic acid (IDA) cholescintigraphy. PMID- 6806000 TI - A reevaluation of the case against cow's milk. PMID- 6805997 TI - Anterior surgical decompression for thoracic myelopathy as a result of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. PMID- 6806001 TI - Oral mannitol as a preparation for double contrast barium enema. AB - A oral mannitol purgative which is used prior to colonoscopy proved disappointing for barium enema preparation. A number of ways of improving bowel clearance with mannitol in divided dosage, preliminary oral metoclopramide and a clear fluid diet have been assessed. Divided dosage and a clear fluid diet were both beneficial, whereas oral metoclopramide was ineffective. Using the best regime, 38% of patients had a totally clear bowel compared with 33% using an established lavage technique. It is concluded that oral mannitol, with a clear fluid diet, is a satisfactory preparation for double contrast barium enema, and a regime is recommended. PMID- 6806002 TI - Tubular function in glycerol-induced acute renal failure in rats: effect of saline loading and prior acute renal failure. PMID- 6806003 TI - Preservation of the hypoxic drive to breathing in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - 1. Unexplained cardiorespiratory arrests have been reported in patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy and these could be due to denervation of the carotid chemoreceptors. 2. We have studied the ventilatory response to transient hypoxia (Ve/Peto2) during exercise in 22 male diabetic patients, six with symptomatic and cardiovascular evidence to suggest diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN+) and 12 without these features (DAN-). 3. There was no difference in the ventilatory response to transient hypoxia between the different groups of diabetic patients (Ve/Peto2 in DAN+ patients = -0.9 +/- 0.2 litre min-1 kPa-1; Ve/Peto2 in DAN- patients = -1.2 +/- 0.6 litres min-1 kPa-1) even allowing for differences in the level of exercise achieved (CO2 production in DAN+ patients = 743 +/- 103 ml/min; CO2 production in DAN- patients = 800 +/- 144 ml/min). These results fell within our normal range for ventilatory response to transient hypoxia at this level of exercise. 4. The heart rate response to transient hypoxia varied within the groups but was significantly (P less than 0.05) less in the patients with established diabetic autonomic neuropathy. 5. We conclude that the peripheral chemoreceptors are intact in diabetic autonomic neuropathy and that other mechanisms must be implicated in the unexpected cardiorespiratory arrests seen in these patients. PMID- 6806004 TI - A simple method for measuring thickness of the mucus gel layer adherent to rat, frog and human gastric mucosa: influence of feeding, prostaglandin, N acetylcysteine and other agents. AB - 1. A technique has been developed for measuring thickness of the gastric surface mucus gel layer. Mucosal sections (1.6 mm) were cut from frog and rat stomach and human antrum, mounted transversely and viewed by an inverse microscope (x 200 magnification) under dark field illumination or phase contrast. The mucus layer was readily distinguishable and its dimensions could be recorded by means of an eyepiece graticule. 2. Mean mucus gel thickness in rat, frog was 73, 76, 55 and 192 micrometer respectively. However, there was variation in the average thickness of the gel layer between individual mucosae from the same species (up to twofold). Mucus thickness between adjacent regions of the same mucosal section also varied markedly (up to tenfold). 3. Topical administration of 16,16 dimethylprostaglandin E2 by oral intubation caused a significant increase in thickness in both rat and frog at doses of 5 microgram/ml and 0.5 microgram/ml respectively. Feeding and exposure of the mucosa to N-acetylcysteine (10-20%, w/v) produced variable effects whereas pepsin (1 mg/ml) caused a marked reduction in thickness of the surface gel layer in both rat and frog. 4. The technique provides a rapid and simple method for determining gastrointestinal mucus thickness in relation to mucosal morphology. It is ideally suited for studying the control of mucus secretion and effect of drugs. PMID- 6806005 TI - [Endocrine aspects of hepatic cirrhosis; clinical and therapeutic review]. PMID- 6806006 TI - The in vitro metabolism of mevalonate by sterol and nonsterol pathways in neonatal chick. AB - 1. Incorporation of mevalonate into nonsaponifiable lipids by neonatal chick liver and kidney slices was studied as a function of weight of tissue and incubation time. In the same conditions, more nonsaponifiable lipids were produced in kidney than in liver. 2. CO2 production from mevalonate increased with the weight of tissue and with the incubation time. Over 80% of CO2 produced from mevalonate resulted from the shunt pathway in kidney, while in liver this route was quantitatively insignificant. 3. 2-14C from mevalonate was also incorporated into saponifiable (acidic) fraction by kidney slices. 4. Incorporation into nonsaponifiable lipids and total CO2 increased with the concentration of mevalonate. This increase was more pronounced in kidney than in liver especially at low mevalonate concentrations. In the presence of 0.1-8.0 mM mevalonate over 80% of the CO2 produced from this substrate resulted from the shunt pathway, while liver was practically ineffective whatever be the concentration of mevalonate. 5. The percentage of mevalonate metabolized in the kidney by shunt pathway increased with the incubation time and reached over 15% in the presence of 0.1-8.0 mM mevalonate. PMID- 6806007 TI - Intestinal calcium-binding protein in the baboon (Papio cynocephalus). AB - 1. Calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been isolated from baboon (Papio cynocephalus) intestinal mucosa by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. 2. Similarity in electrophoretic behavior, size and charge and immunologic structure are demonstrated between the baboon CaBP and CaBPs isolated from other species. 3. Baboon intestinal CaBP is resistant to neuraminidase digestion. PMID- 6806010 TI - Economic analyses of CT scanning. Congressional Office of Technology Assessment. A case study. PMID- 6806008 TI - Hormonal regulation of glycogen metabolism in hepatocyte suspensions isolated from chicken embryos. AB - 1. A method is described for efficient and rapid isolation of viable hepatocyte suspensions from chick embryos in the last few days of incubation. 2. Although qualitatively similar, quantitative differences exist in the hormonal control of glycogen metabolism between embryonic and hatched chicks. 3. Glucagon and adrenaline activate glycogenolysis. 4. Insulin did not inhibit basal or glucagon stimulated glycogenolysis. 5. Phenylephrine (an alpha-adrenergic agonist), angiotensin and vasopressin, all of which activate glycogen breakdown in rat liver through a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, were without effect on chick embryo hepatocytes. PMID- 6806009 TI - The significance of biological factors in the diagnosis of depressions: II hormonal variables. PMID- 6806011 TI - CO2 urethroscopy and urethrocystometrics in office gynecology. PMID- 6806012 TI - The biosynthetic pathway of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. AB - This review deals with the structure and addition of the different types of oligosaccharides to asparagine residues in proteins. This process occurs in several steps, first an oligosaccharide which contains N-acetylglucosamine mannose and glucose is built up joined to dolichyl diphosphate. The oligosaccharide is then transferred to a polypeptide chain, loses its glucose, and is modified by removal of some monosaccharides and addition of others giving rise to a variety of saccharides. PMID- 6806013 TI - Calculator assisted monitoring of nutrition, fluids, and electrolytes. PMID- 6806015 TI - The effect of lithium carbonate on alcoholism in 20 male patients with concurrent major affective disorder. AB - Descriptively, Alcoholism and Bipolar Affective Disorders may resemble each other. Both disorders are marked by a chronic course with periods of remission and relapse and often profound affective disturbance. Since lithium carbonate has shown a remarkable efficacy in the treatment or prophylaxis of Bipolar Affective Disorder, it would be natural to hope for some similar dramatic benefit in alcoholism. Two controlled studies have been published in English in which lithium salts showed some benefits on drinking in "depressed" patients with alcoholism. Other studies published in the literature have been less certain but cautiously positive about some anti-alcohol effects of lithium. Favorable anecdotal reports have continued to appear, and there is every indication that lithium may be prescribed quite widely in alcoholism. It is remarkable that since lithium has a very specific therapeutic effect on mania and a much less clear effect on depression that no one has previously reported on manic (or Bipolar) patients with problem drinking or alcoholism in a systematic fashion. This lack of data may perhaps result from difficulty in locating such a population. In a previous publication, two of the present authors reported little benefit on alcohol symptoms in a small number of patients with mania who they treated for 6 or more months. In the present study, we have extended this first report to a group of 20 Bipolar or manic patients with concurrent diagnosis of alcoholism or abusive drinking, all of whom were followed on lithium for not less than one year. PMID- 6806014 TI - Kinetic properties and regulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from the overwintering, freezing-tolerant gall fly larva, Eurosta solidagenis. PMID- 6806016 TI - Feasibility of an alcoholism health insurance benefit. AB - The present study examined the impact of alcoholism treatment upon the subsequent utilization of health care services. Information gathered on a sample of 2,362 alcoholic clients at time of admission and six months later, was utilized to compare the savings in medical care expenses with the costs of alcoholism treatment. For the first year following treatment, costs exceeded savings by an average of $263 per client (benefit-cost ratio = 0.63:1). However, if the savings were sustained, the benefits would exceed costs within two years of the treatment period. These findings support the notion that alcoholism treatment produces a reduction in medical costs and provides some economic justification for an alcoholism insurance benefit. PMID- 6806020 TI - Steroids and cormolyn for treatment of chronic asthma. PMID- 6806018 TI - Animal models for alcohol research. AB - Many animal models have been used for alcoholism research. No single model is suitable for all types of research about alcohol, its actions and abuse. This article surveys the varieties of models that have been used and categorizes them into classes called "chronic", "reinforcement" and "genetic" models and discusses the strengths, weaknesses and applications of each group. The diversity and scope of alcoholism offers unique challenges to the conduct of laboratory research with experimental animals. Animal models (AM) of the disease would have to encompass a broad range of variables No single model can incorporate all aspects of the disorder nor fulfill the needs of all research projects. Consequently, many different AM have been proposed. This review classifies those models, describes their underlying premises, experimental applications and their relative strengths and limitations. The scientific literature contains numerous examples of essentially sound experiments that lack credibility because of weaknesses in design aspects associated with the selection or use of AM. The alcoholism literature cannot be excluded from that statement. There are many examples of the inappropriate use of AM in alcoholism research and of poorly conceived attempts to use models developed for specific experimental applications in experiments requiring an entirely different approach. Furthermore, a persistent problem that is unique to alcoholism research relates to providing appropriate controls. Since alcohol (ALC) has caloric as well as pharmacological effects, dual controls must be established. The caloric effects of ALC can alter an animal's nutritional state in important ways. Therefore, studies involving more than one or two ALC doses must provide adequate controls for both the pharmacological and the non specific nutritive effects. Unfortunately, such controls are often difficult to establish and validate. PMID- 6806017 TI - The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: a review of psychological, neuropathological and etiological factors. AB - During the past 10 years numerous investigations concerned with the neuropsychological, neuropathological and etiological factors involved in alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome have been published. The neuropsychological research has focused on the patients' anterograde and retrograde amnesias, and several theories based upon current models of human information processing have been advanced as partial explanations of the amnesic syndrome. While neuropathological investigations have continued to implicate midline diencephalic structures in the chronic symptoms of this disorder, some very recent studies have begun to assess the role of neurotransmitters in the patients' memory disorders. The etiology of the disorder also appears to be more complex than once believed. Animal studies demonstrating the neurotoxicity of alcohol have suggested that the patients' severe memory deficits may be due to an interaction of malnutrition and the toxic effects of alcohol. Behavioral investigations reporting that non-Korsakoff alcoholics have memory deficits qualitatively similar to those of Korsakoff patients support the idea that Korsakoff's syndrome is not acute but may develop slowly during decades of alcohol abuse. PMID- 6806019 TI - An overview of ketotifen. PMID- 6806021 TI - [Observation of swine breeding with distillers' grains containing aflatoxin. I. Detoxification of aflatoxin in the body of swine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806023 TI - [Liver dysfunction and catecholamine metabolism on liver and biliary tract operations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806024 TI - [Keratomycosis---clinical analysis of 318 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806025 TI - [Keratomycosis in Honan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806027 TI - [Immune response to corneal grafts---a clinical analysis of 182 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806026 TI - [Cornea preservation: its improvement and clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806028 TI - [Herpes simplex keratitis treated with interferon inducer poly I:C (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806022 TI - [Effects of rifampin on the carrier state of Neisseria meningitidis and drug sensitivity test (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806030 TI - [Corneal pigmentation due to amiodarone therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806029 TI - [Preliminary observation on immunological changes in herpes keratitis (report of 23 cases)]. PMID- 6806031 TI - [Preliminary report on immunological examination in uveitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806032 TI - [Paralysis of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves, analysis of 201 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806033 TI - [The problem of protection in using the strontium-90 ophthalmic applicator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806034 TI - [Clinical observation on Rieger's syndrome (report of 4 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806035 TI - [Endophthalmitis phaco-allergica (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806036 TI - [Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (report of 4 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806038 TI - [The influence of acute ocular hypertension on the ultrastructure of the rabbit retina--experimental glaucoma. Part II (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806039 TI - [Study of aqueous humor dynamic--aqueous humor fluorophotometry and fluorescein concentration curve of aqueous humor of the normal human eye (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806037 TI - [Depression of plasma cortisol and primary open-angle glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806040 TI - [Preliminary report of clinical observation on reduction in intraocular pressure by timolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806041 TI - [A preliminary report on treatment of glaucoma with timolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806042 TI - [Evaluation of timolol in the treatment of glaucoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806043 TI - [A clinical analysis of 177 cases of glaucomato-cyclitic crisis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806047 TI - [A clinicopathological study of simple herpetic keratitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806045 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of angle-closure glaucoma during attacks of the post congestive triad (case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806044 TI - [An approach to the pathogenetic mechanisms of the glaucomato-cyclitic crisis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806046 TI - [Brief introduction to CT scan in the diagnosis of intraorbital space-taking lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806048 TI - [Argon laser treatment of peripheral retinal breaks and degeneration (report of 226 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806049 TI - [Study on the intraocular pressure reducing and miotic actions of Cui Xing Ning and Cui Xing An (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806050 TI - [Ocular histiocytosis X (report of 4 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806051 TI - An attempt to reduce the side effects of mannitol bowel preparation by intravenous infusion. AB - The authors compared two groups of patients receiving oral 5% mannitol for bowel preparation to see whether the volume of rectal effluent and quantity of bowel preparation could be maintained by a smaller oral mannitol intake supplemented by an intravenous infusion. Nineteen patients drank 2--3 1 5% mannitol, supplemented by an intravenous infusion of N/saline (intravenous Group) and 19 patients drank 4--5 1 5% mannitol (oral group). The volume of rectal effluent and the quality of bowel preparation was the same in both groups. The loss of sodium in the oral group was corrected by the intravenous infusion, but the infusion resulted in greater water retention. There was no reduction in the incidence of vomiting between the two groups. PMID- 6806054 TI - The reaction of amines with carbonyls: its significance in the nonenzymatic metabolism of xenobiotics. AB - The studies cited above indicated that many carbonyl amine reactions can alter both in vitro and in vivo rates of xenobiotic metabolism. The carbonyl amine reaction may be enzymatic or nonenzymatic and in most instances is readily reversible with few examples of the isolation and identification of the Schiff bases (azomethine). Endogenous primary amine and amines generated by metabolic N dealkylation can react with biogenic ketones and aldehydes and under selected physiological conditions give further condensation products. The new products in most instances alter the biological activity and/or toxicity. It is apparent that these findings can be extended to carbonyl hydrazine reactions. The rates of reaction for simple alkyl and aryl hydrazine are more rapid and the products of these reactions and more stable, with the condensation products of alpha-keto acids being isolated and characterized the most frequently. The further reaction of hydrazones to yield condensation products is also observed with selected hydrazines such as hydralazine. It is now clear that the inherent toxicity of many exogenous ketones and aldehydes exists. Many of these toxicities are due to the reactions which occur with the amino groups of amino acids and proteins. The condensation reactions in most instances are readily reversed and are only dependent on the physiological concentration of aldehydes of ketones. However, there are a number of ketones and aldehydes, some of which are metabolically produced that are capable of forming azomethine intermediates which are not readily reversed under physiological conditions. There are an increasing number of examples of further nonenzymatic condensations which result in stable products which can alter xenobiotic metabolism. PMID- 6806053 TI - Does uncomplicated diverticular disease produce symptoms? AB - A questionnaire dealing with bowel symptoms was administered to 97 outpatients referred for air-contrast barium enema. Subsequently, the barium enema was interpreted by a radiologist who did not know the results of the questionnaire. Forty-nine had normal x-rays, and 27 had uncomplicated diverticular disease. Weight loss, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and pain at night were as common in those with a normal examination as in those with diverticula. Symptoms of colon dysfunction included abdominal pain relieved by defecation, altered stool frequency and consistency with pain onset, abdominal distension, feeling of incomplete evacuation after defecation, and mucus in the stool. These were equally prevalent in both groups. Therefore, no symptoms could be ascribed to the presence of diverticula. PMID- 6806052 TI - Bile acid malabsorption and bile acid diarrhea in intestinal resection. AB - Bile acid fecal excretion and dihydroxy bile acid concentration in the fecal water of patients with large (N = 6) and small (N = 8) ileal resection, colectomy (N = 5), and healthy controls (N = 10) have been studied in order to evaluate the degree of bile acid malabsorption and the occurrence of bile acid diarrhea in intestinal resections of different extent. Bile acid malabsorption was severe in large ileal resections, mild in small ones, and slight in colectomy. The fecal pH seems to be a limiting factor in the occurrence of a bile acid diarrhea, playing a critical role in determining the dihydroxy bile acid solubility in the fecal water. These results seem to suggest that the bile acids may induce water secretion in the colon not only in small but also in large ileal resections. PMID- 6806056 TI - [A case of allergy to dibutylthiourea caused by diver's footgear (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806055 TI - Dihydrofolate reductase inhibition. A study in the use of X-ray crystallography, molecular graphics, and quantitative structure-activity relations in drug design. AB - Substituent constants and regression analyses are used to formulate quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for the inhibition by 4,6-diamino-1,2 dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1-(3-X-phenyl)-s-triazines of purified dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from L. Casei cells, bovine liver, and murine leukemia cells (L5178Y). The QSAR for the activity of the triazines on purified DHFR is compared with the QSAR for their action on L. casei cell culture and murine L5178Y cell culture. The QSAR for action on purified DHFR is similar to that on wild type cells; however, the QSAR for these cells differs remarkably from QSAR for both types of cells that are resistant to methotrexate (MTX). The conclusion from these analyses is that cells resistant to MTX protect themselves from this highly hydrophilic drug by developing a hydrophobic barrier. Our understanding of DHFR interaction with drugs is rapidly increasing via QSAR, and X-ray crystallography, combined with the new molecular graphics of Langridge's group, promises to expedite the process. The value of three-dimensional color graphics is discussed, with the aid of color stereo views of L. casei and E. coli DHFR. PMID- 6806057 TI - [Obesity and endocrine functions. Sex hormones]. PMID- 6806058 TI - [Fatal contrast medium reaction in untreated Waldenstrom's disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806059 TI - [The value of vasodilators in the therapy of myocardial insufficiency]. PMID- 6806060 TI - [Long-term prevention of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine. Effect of the rhythm of ingestion and drug compliance on the incidence of recurrence]. AB - The long term effect of 400 mg cimetidine ingested at various times on ulcer recurrence and drug compliance was investigated in 66 patients with severe course of duodenal ulcer, now healed. Patients were randomised in 3 treatment groups: group A (n = 29) received 400 mg cimetidine in the evening, group B (n = 23) 200 mg both morning and evening, group C (n = 14) no treatment. Follow up examinations were at 3 month intervals. Ulcer recurrence was observed in 10 out of 14 patients in group C and in 12 out of 52 patients of groups A and B within the first 6 months. Due to the highly significant difference between the treated and untreated groups (P less than 0.001) the control group was discontinued. The recurrence rate after 12 months was identical in groups A and B (51 and 52%). Comparison of patients with and without recurrences showed no differences as regards length of history, maximal acid secretion, cimetidine compliance or endoscopic findings such as duodenitis, circular constriction of the bulbus or antral erosions. However, it was noticeable that smokers with 63% recurrent ulceration had a worse prognosis than the non-smokers with 37% (P = 0.06). PMID- 6806061 TI - [Brain edema in juvenile diabetic coma. New considerations on therapy]. PMID- 6806064 TI - [Recommendations for pharmacoelectroencephalographic examinations in humans]. PMID- 6806062 TI - [Determination of IgG, IgA and IgM in colostrum of cattle by nephelometry and radial immunodiffusion tests with particular consideration of season, lactation and genetics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806065 TI - [Results of electromyographical and mechanographical investigations in myotonia congenita (author's transl)]. AB - Electrical and mechanical investigations in myotonia were investigated in 20 patients with myotonia congenita. At first the parameters of the myotonic muscle fiber discharges were determined, than the EMG-activity was estimated during slight and maximal force of voluntary muscle contraction and finally the electromyogram and the mechanogram were simultaneously registered after indirect stimulation of the muscle. The results show, that there is a correlation between the myotonic muscle fiber discharges and the EMG- and mechanical findings depending on the frequency of stimulation and the force of contraction. The parameters of muscles did not differ between the patients and the health persons after single stimulation. Repetitive supramaximal stimuli (15 Hz) showed a rapid decline of EMG-amplitude in the patients with myotonia congenita. The fall of amplitude was observed, as soon as myotonia fiber discharges occured. The duration of contraction was longer both in the phase of contraction and in the phase of relaxation. When the frequency of stimulation was increased (30 Hz), the fall of EMG-amplitude was more increased whereas the contraction and relaxation time decreased. The findings are interpreted by means of the author's own experimental results and are discussed in connection with the chloride hypothesis. PMID- 6806067 TI - [Activities in the alpha band in unresponsive patients (author's transl)]. AB - Activities in the alpha band are to be encountered in unresponsive patients. A review is given over the different conditions. Patients suffering from pontine lesions mostly are not comatose but locked-in. Alpha activities with intoxications and with comatose states due to transtentorial herniation can be distinguished by the accompanying neurological signs. In severe metabolic coma alpha activities are to be observed as an epileptic phenomenon. Monorhythmical alpha activities with hypoxic coma are not accompanied by slow waves, succeed a burst suppression pattern and are an ominous prognostic sign. PMID- 6806068 TI - [The benigne epilepsy in childhood with occipital spike wave complexes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806071 TI - [Study on the constancy of EEG characteristics in epileptic patients (author's transl)]. AB - These investigations were based on the question regarding the reliability of a single EEG recording in patients with epilepsy. 114 patients patients (age 11-74 years, median 33 years) underwent five EEGs at an interval of three months during a period of one year. A "constant" characteristic was a continuously developed dysrhythmia. "Moderately constant" was an intermittent dysrhythmia, an alpha background activity and a general slowing of the background activity. "Inconstant" was a "parenrhythmia" and focal disturbances as well as epileptiform patterns. Similarly inconstant was the lateralization of epileptiform patterns. The lateralization of focal disturbances and a dysrhythmia was moderately constant. The great constancy of a continuously developed dysrhythmia makes it hardly suitable for a functional follow-up. The applications of epileptiform patterns and focal disturbances for therapy planning is, however, limited due to their inconstancy. Because of its moderate constancy the background activity (in different recordings) is a suitable indicator for an overdosage of antiepileptic drugs. PMID- 6806070 TI - [Perceptibility and differentiation of local effects-comparison between Hjorths source-derivation and conventional recordings (author's transl)]. AB - Using Hjorths source derivation for more than four years 1034 routine EEG were evaluated by means of a classifiying evaluation-sheet. Ten variations of local effects were defined by materials requirements. Detection and differentiation of those local effects compared in reference, bipolar and common reference recordings and source derivation. It is shown that all information received from standard recordings is also evident in source derivation. Furthermore there are a lot of additional findings and - proved by illustrating examples - a respectable number of findings which could not be detected by standard recordings. A spatial model figures the superiority of source derivation in detection and discrimination of local effects. PMID- 6806074 TI - The conversion of progesterone into 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, and its fatty acid esters by preparations of bovine corpora lutea. AB - Homogenates obtained from bovine corpora luteal tissue were found to catalyze the synthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) from progesterone but not from pregnenolone. The major metabolites of progesterone included allopregnanolone, 5 alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, and fatty acid esters of allopregnanolone. Incubation with labeled pregnenolone resulted in the formation of pregnenolone esters; however, neither allopregnanolone nor esterified derivatives of it were detected. The esterifying enzyme(s) leading to the formation of allopregnanolone esters was associated primarily with the microsome enriched subcellular fraction and was stimulated by the addition of ATP and coenzyme A. With these added cofactors, the pH optimum was 6.0-6.5. The rate of steroid ester formation was enhanced by the addition to the homogenate fraction of oleic acid, which was incorporated into the steroid ester fraction. Thus, enzymatic activity, with characteristics similar to either cholesteryl ester hydrolase (EC 3.1.1.13) or acyl cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26), catalyzed the esterification of allopregnanolone. The data suggest that the allopregnanolone esters found in vivo are derived from progesterone rather than from pregnenolone. PMID- 6806073 TI - Interactions of dopamine and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the regulation of prolactin release in lactating rats. PMID- 6806072 TI - Progesterone metabolism by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus of the aged rat. AB - Progesterone metabolism was examined in tissues of rats in three stages of reproductive senescence (constant estrus, repeated pseudopregnancies, and anestrus) and in young rats. Metabolites were quantitated by reverse isotopic dilution analysis after incubation of the hypothalamus, pituitary, and uterus with [3H]progesterone. The metabolism of progesterone to 5 alpha dihydroprogesterone and to 20 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-3-one and the formation of total 5 alpha-reduced products was significantly reduced (by half) in pituitaries of constant estrous rats compared to rats in all other stages. The formation of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one and total 3 alpha-reduced products was about 2-fold higher in pituitaries and hypothalami of pseudopregnant and anestrous rats than in constant estrous and young rats, but these differences were statistically significant only in the pituitary samples. In the uterus, progesterone metabolism to 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone was significantly increased in anestrous rats compared to that in constant estrous and pseudopregnant rats. The results indicate that progesterone metabolism by target tissues, particularly the pituitary, is altered during reproductive senescence. They suggest the possibility that changes in the tissue metabolism of progesterone may be one means by which the effectiveness of progesterone is decreased during aging. PMID- 6806069 TI - [Alpha-sleep pattern-a distinctive activity within the alpha-frequency range superimposed on EEG sleep patterns (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806075 TI - The contribution of gonadostatin (inhibin-F) to the control of gonadotropin secretion in a simulated estrous cycle in steroid-treated ovariectomized rats. AB - We have examined the contribution of gonadostatin to the control of gonadotropin secretion throughout the rat estrous cycle. The estrous cycle was simulated in rats ovariectomized on diestrus-1, designated day 1 (D-1) by use of low or high level estradiol and progesterone Silastic implants. The steroid implant regimen simulated the major changes of these hormones in the blood during the course of the estrous cycle. Injections of porcine follicular fluid (pFF) were superimposed on this steroid regimen. Four treatment combinations of steroid and pFF or their controls were tested: 1) steroid implants only, 2) pFF only at a constant dose level, 3) steroid implants and pFF injections at a constant dose level, and 4) steroid implants and pFF injections with reduced levels on simulated proestrus. In group 1 both basal and surge release of LH were similar to those in the intact rat, but both basal and surge release of FSH were significantly elevated above levels observed in the intact rat for the respective periods. In group 2 FSH was suppressed to diestrous levels throughout the course of the experiment, with no surge occurring on D-3. Serum LH levels were slightly elevated above diestrous levels (50-150 ng/ml) with no surge. In group 3 serum levels of both gonadotropins were suppressed to diestrous levels on D-1 and D-2, and a steroid induced, pFF-attenuated surge occurred on the afternoon of D-3. Group 4 had, with a minor variation, proestrous-like FSH and LH surges on D-3 and basal (diestrous) gonadotropin levels during simulated D-1, D-2, and early proestrus. This study supports previous evidence for estradiol and progesterone control of LH secretion and elaborates the control of FSH secretion. The role of gonadostatin and steroids is demonstrated in the negative feedback regulation of FSH secretion. PMID- 6806066 TI - [EEG-slowing after high-dose Methotrexate with citrovorumfactor-rescue. A spectralanalytic study (author's transl)]. AB - In 23 treatment courses of high-dose Methotrexate (MTX) with Leukovorin-rescue for osteogenic sarcoma serial EEG-examinations before and after MTX-infusion were done. In 11 course Vincristine had been administered additionally. Frequency analysis of EEG-background activity was performed by computer-based FFT. At the end of the MTX-infusion EEGs were unchanged, compared with the findings before start of treatment. At 24 and 48 hours after start of infusion, there was a slight but statistically significant slowing, recognizable from an increase of the theta/alpha-ratio (median + 48%, range -7% to + 373%) and a drop of dominant frequency (median-8%, range +12% to -53%). There was a stronger trend towards normalisation in patients, not having received Vincristine. The greatest changes were found in a patient, whose serum-MTX-concentration at 24 hours exceeded the upper therapeutic limit. The EEG-findings are discussed as an equivalent of a subclinical MTX-encephalopathy. Acute encephalopathies with severe EEG-changes and morphological changes on CT have been observed in MTX-intoxications. PMID- 6806077 TI - Immunohistochemical localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary. AB - The distribution of immunoreactive TRH in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary was demonstrated using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique after rapid fixation of the rat brain with 5% acrolein. Widespread reaction product was identified in neuronal processes throughout the hypothalamus, with dense labeling in the median eminence, dorsomedial nucleus, parvocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus, perifornical region, periventricular nucleus, and organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis. A striking accumulation of immunoreactive TRH was also noted throughout the posterior pituitary, where fibers appeared to terminate in grape-like swellings. Peroxidase-positive perikarya were best seen after colchicine pretreatment and were distributed in many regions of the hypothalamus. The greatest density of immunoreactive neurons was in the suprachiasmatic preoptic nucleus, parvocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus, perifornical region, dorsomedial nucleus, and baso-lateral hypothalamus. These data are consistent with the role of TRH as a hypophysiotropic hormone, a regulator of the posterior pituitary, and a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of neurons in other regions of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6806076 TI - Rapid increase of serum FSH levels in castrated male hamsters following transfer from short to long days or exposure to a single long day. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model in which a change in the length of the day could induce a rapid alteration in pituitary gonadotropin release. The transfer of castrated male hamsters (castrated for 34 days) that had been maintained on a nonstimulatory LD 6:18 light cycle for 14 weeks to a stimulatory LD 14:10 light regime resulted in a 2-3 fold increase in serum FSH levels within three days. Furthermore, exposure to a single LD 14:10 light cycle also induced a significant increase in serum FSH titers within three days, even though the animals had been returned to LD 6:18. This animal model should prove extremely useful in elucidating the neutral, endocrine and cellular events which mediate the effects of light on reproductive function. PMID- 6806063 TI - Parenteral nutrition: current status and concepts. AB - Parenteral nutrition is regarded as a form of nutrition in some countries and as an extension of intravenous fluid therapy in others. The optimum clinical application of parenteral nutrition as a form of therapy requires detailed knowledge of the nutrient solutions themselves, including the commonly used solutions such as dextrose, soybean oil emulsion, synthetic crystalline L-amino acid solutions; older solutions such as xylitol, protein hydrolysates; and newer solutions such as glycerides and special purpose amino acid solutions. Additionally, information has accumulated over the past 10 years, leading to the rational use of vitamins and trace elements in parenteral nutrition. Metabolism of the substrates has been correlated with known pathways of intermediary metabolism in normal, starved and stressed subjects. Several new concepts have arisen: a) Infusion of excessive quantities of dextrose results in lipogenesis and increased carbon dioxide production. Hyperalimentation of this type is being replaced by infusion of lesser quantities of dextrose, supplemented by intravenous infusion of lipid as a calorie source. b) Protein hydrolysates and racemic synthetic crystalline amino acid solutions have been replaced by synthetic crystalline L-amino acid solutions. c) A new fat emulsion based on safflower oil is competing successfully with the traditional soybean oil emulsion. d) Newer substrates are being explored. These include branched chain amino acids, keto analogues of amino acids, synthetic glycerides and maltose. e) Deficiencies of essential fatty acids, trace elements and vitamins have been studied in patients on long term parenteral nutrition and their mechanisms elucidated. Official recommendations for intravenous administration of these nutrients have been made. f) Several techniques have been applied in several circumstances, including protein sparing therapy, cyclic nutrition, home therapy, and parenteral nutrition in liver and renal failure. Parenteral nutrition is now used extensively, not only in major hospitals where the resources of a team approach with physician, nurse, pharmacist and dietitian are available, but also in smaller hospitals where all of these facilities may not be at hand. However, whatever the setting, the principles behind the clinical application of parenteral nutrition should be well understood by those involved, including current approaches to safe preparation and infusion of parenteral nutrition solutions. PMID- 6806078 TI - Differential changes in the rate and pattern of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion from pituitaries of cyclic rats superfused in vitro. PMID- 6806081 TI - Thyroxine turnover and transport in viral hepatitis. AB - Thyroxine turnover and transport studies were done on 20 patients in the acute phase of viral hepatitis. No significant changes in T4 degradation rate (k), the T4 distribution volume (V), and the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were found. A significant increase of T4 serum concentration and TBG capacity, and decrease of TBPA capacity were observed. A negative correlation between TBG and TBPA capacities was found. Significant interrelationships between TBG capacity and T4 serum levels as well as T4 turnover parameters were shown. The values of T4/TBG ratio were within normal range. PMID- 6806082 TI - Reduction of total and free triiodothyronine in serum after abortion. AB - The effect of abortion on serum concentration of thyroid hormones was studied in 11 normal women. After abortion, serum free and total T3 fall significantly, while free and total reverse T3, T4, TSH and TBG in serum show no significant variation. These data suggest that surgical stress in normal subjects may only influence 5'-deiodinase activity, and that the peripheral conversion of T4 to active T3 and inactive rT3 are controlled by different mechanisms. PMID- 6806080 TI - Alpha-subunit conformation in glycoprotein hormones and recombinants as assessed by specific antisera. AB - RIAs specific for the alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones were used to monitor the subunit conformation in ovine FSH and TSH and in recombinants of ovine LH alpha with (ovine and porcine) LH beta and hCG beta. Differences in log-logit slopes of the RIA dilution curves were interpreted to indicate changes, presumably conformational, in the local environment of the antigenic determinants of the alpha-subunit. In all but one case, free ovine LH alpha yielded a slope that was distinct from those of the hormones and recombinants. FSH, TSH, and the homologous LH recombinant all exhibited different slopes, and the recombinant ovine LH alpha-hCG beta was characterized by a slope that was distinct from the identical slopes of the recombinants ovine LH alpha-ovine LH beta and ovine LH alpha-porcine LH beta. These results suggest that a conformational change occurs in the alpha-subunit upon association with a beta-subunit and that different beta subunits may induce distinct conformations in a common alpha-subunit. PMID- 6806079 TI - Enhancement and desensitization of hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase in granulosa cells of preantral and antral ovarian follicles: effects of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone. AB - The present study was performed to determine if adenylate cyclase in granulosa cells was affected by the pituitary hormone FSH and the ovarian hormone estradiol. Results demonstrate that granulosa cells of intact immature rats exhibit considerably more FSH- than hCG-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity. The FSH-responsive enzyme system was not altered by hypophysectomy or by treating hypophysectomized rats with FSH alone, but was increased slightly by treatment with estradiol alone. Sequential treatment of rats with estradiol and FSH markedly increased both FSH- and LH/hCG-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities. Thus, FSH-responsive adenylate cyclase appears to be a constitutive component of granulosa cells in prenatal follicles which exhibits a pronounced increase during the development of preovulatory follicles, a change dependent on the synergistic actions of estradiol and FSH. Desensitization of FSH-responsive adenylate cyclase in granulosa cells of preantral and antral follicles was assessed by administering 5 micrograms human FSH to estradiol or estradiol/FSH-treated rats, respectively. FSH failed to induce desensitization of adenylate cyclase in granulosa cells of preantral follicles at 2 h, but did desensitize the enzyme system in granulosa cells of antral follicles. Furthermore, the desensitization of adenylate cyclase in granulosa cells of antral follicles was heterologous; both FSH and hCG exerted this effect. The causes of the differences in the response of adenylate cyclase to high concentrations of FSH at different stages of follicular development remain unclear. The absence of desensitization in preantral follicles may be required to permit a continuous nondisruptive pattern of follicular growth when small follicles are repeatedly exposed to gonadotropin surges, whereas desensitization is required for the cessation of follicular growth and luteinization. PMID- 6806083 TI - Pituitary and ovarian activities in human adult females with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis. PMID- 6806084 TI - Studies on the hypothalamic control of thyroid function in the rabbit fetuses. AB - In order to reveal the onset in ontogenesis of hypothalamic control of thyroid function 22-23-day-old fetuses of rabbits were encephalectomized. The concentrations of T3 and T4 in thyroid glands and blood serum were measured radioimmunologically on the 29th and 30th day of prenatal life. Significant differences of T3 and T4 concentrations are revealed only in thyroid glands of 30 day-old encephalectomized fetuses. Treatment of encephalectomized fetuses by TRH 30 min prior to fixation removed the effect of encephalectomy on hormone concentration and on thyroid structure. The represented data are considered as a proof of the establishment of hypothalamic cotrol of hormone synthesis in thyroid gland beginning from the 30th day of prenatal life. The regulation of hormone release from the gland is probably established at a later stage of maturation. PMID- 6806086 TI - Diurnal oscillations in plasma protein binding of valproic acid. AB - In view of the observed variation of valproic acid (VPA) free fraction (fp) during a dosing interval and the competitive binding effect of free fatty acids (FFA) in vitro, this study was designed to address the existence of diurnal variations in the fp of VPA. Six subjects were hospitalized at 7 a.m. for 25 h, and plasma samples were collected every 2 h. The protocol was repeated in 4 of the 6 subjects one week later. In vitro binding of VPA (100 micrograms/ml) was determined by equilibrium dialysis (14C-VPA), and FFAs were assayed colorimetrically. Phenytoin (PHT) binding was also determined for comparison. VPA fp ranged from 8.10 +/- 1.16 to 9.63 +/- 1.54. Intrasubject variability was also measured by the ratio of maximum to minimum fp values (fp max/fp min) over 24 h: This ratio ranged from 1.30 to 1.68 (mean +/- %SD = 1.51 +/- 7.7%, n = 10). For PHT, fp ranged from 10.88 +/- 0.50 to 12.39 +/- 1.07, and fp max/fp min from 1.09 to 1.31 (1.17 +/- 5.1%, n = 10). The fp max was observed between 2 and 6 a.m. in 7 out of 10 cases for VPA and 5 out of 10 cases for PHT. FFA levels, although in the normal range, varied two- to fourfold within 24 h. A significant correlation was observed between mean FFA levels at each sampling time and the corresponding fp values for VPA (p less than 0.001), but not for PHT. PMID- 6806085 TI - Alterations in thyroid function in patients with systemic illness: the "euthyroid sick syndrome". PMID- 6806087 TI - Stuporous episodes during treatment with sodium valproate: report of seven cases. AB - Of 13 patients with complex partial seizures who experienced stuporous states during treatment with sodium valproate (VPA), 4 received VPA only, 4 VPA and phenobarbital (PB) and 5 VPA, PB, and a third anticonvulsant. Seven cases were described in detail. Side effects-stupor or confusion-appeared a few days after efficacious drug plasma levels were attained, persisted until therapy was readjusted, and disappeared 24 to 72 h after VPA withdrawal. Therapeutic trials established the role of VPA in the onset of stuporous states. The adverse effects of VPA were potentiated by the concomitant administration of other anticonvulsants. Stupor was not due to VPA overdoses, and plasma concentration of the drugs were not correlated with the electroclinical signs. The EEG showed spike and wave discharges or continuous sharp theta and delta waves persisting during VPA treatment. The fact that all 13 stuporous, VPA-treated patients were subjected to partial seizures with complex symptomatology, and none were cases of generalized epilepsy, together with the observations that the disturbances of consciousness started with focal symptoms and EEG signs resembling those of spontaneously occurring partial seizures, suggest that VPA given alone or in association with other antiepileptics has a paradoxical epileptogenic effect in certain forms of epilepsy. PMID- 6806088 TI - Partial epilepsy in childhood: clinical and EEG study of 261 cases. AB - A prospective clinical and EEG study is presented based on 261 children affected by partial seizures with or without focal EEG abnormalities, or by generalized seizures with focal EEG disturbances. From the clinical point of view, the partial seizures were most frequently elementary and motor, quite often associated with generalized seizures (64.36%), appearing in the majority of the cases during the first year of life, with rare frequency (less than 1 seizure/6 months). Perinatal disturbances appear to be the most important etiological factor. Partial epilepsy is often included within a previous neurological syndrome (secondary epilepsy). The clinical outcome is most frequently favorable (71.72%) with therapeutic treatment, especially with respect to the cases of primary epilepsy, characterized by rare seizures, which appear after the first year of life. From the EEG point of view, we noted specific monofocal abnormalities (72.79%), most frequently with temporal and rolandic localisation; during the follow-up the EEG abnormalities presented modifications in 58.89% of the cases, with normalisation in 22.98%. PMID- 6806089 TI - Classification of partial epilepsies according to the symptomatology of seizures: practical value and prognostic implications. AB - Among 1,000 outpatient epileptics who visited the Epilepsy Center of Bologna consecutively from 1974 to 1978, 596 cases of partial epilepsy (PE) were chosen, representing 62.9% of all cases classified according to the International Classification of epilepsies. Fifty-four of these cases (5.7%) of those classifiable) that were affected by benign infantile epilepsy with rolandic spikes were not analyzed further. The remaining cases were divided up into three groups based on the symptomatology of the seizures: (1) partial elementary epilepsy (PEE), 102 cases (10.8%); (2) partial complex epilepsy (PCE), 332 cases (35%); and (3) partial secondarily generalized epilepsy (PSGE), 108 cases (11.4%). The three groups were compared according to the parameters that distinguish recognized epileptic syndromes, in order to see whether they constitute autonomous nosographic entities. Among the three groups, significant differences did not arise with regard to the incidence of single lesional etiological factors, the age of onset of the epilepsy, the neurological context, and the general features of interictal EEG. PSGE instead differs significantly from the other two forms for the minor severity of the epilepsy at first examination and for its more favorable course: after at least 2 years of follow up under treatment, the epilepsy appeared to be controlled in 60.6% of the cases with PSGE, in 31.6% of those with PEE, and in 37.5% of those with PCE (p less than 0.05). For those with PE, globally considered, only three parameters have a favorable prognostic value: the brief duration of the epilepsy at the first observation, the rarity of the seizures, and the presence of only one type of seizure. PMID- 6806091 TI - Effect of Cu2+ stress on an aquatic microcosm: a holistic study. PMID- 6806090 TI - Concerning the need for more sophisticated animal models in sensory behavioral toxicology. AB - It is necessary but not sufficient to develop laboratory animal models in sensory behavioral toxicology for screening toxic substances and for the analysis of sensory impairment at threshold levels of stimulation. It is important to develop more thorough and quantitative tests of impairment which in their greater complexity more accurately reflect the conditions and environmental demands of day-to-day life. Such greater complexity in stimulus conditions and behavior may also aid in monitoring not merely the state of the receptor organ but more central nervous processes which are the focus of assault by many known toxic substances. Techniques are described for studying such acoustic behaviors as intensity discrimination and frequency selectivity in guinea pig and monkey by use of operant conditioning procedures coupled with sensory testing (psychophysical) methods. Impaired auditory selectively and discrimination is shown to be correlated with histopathological changes in the inner ear. Slight modification of these procedures in animals may be used to investigate acoustically more intricate behaviors such as sound localization and the perception of frequency modulated acoustic signals as elements of speech and communication sounds. PMID- 6806092 TI - Induction of hepatic tumors with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene in two species of viviparous fishes (Genus poeciliopsis). PMID- 6806094 TI - Sulphadiazine-resistant Neisseria meningitidis Group A: immunoelectro osmophoresis technique for the rapid diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. PMID- 6806093 TI - Oesophageal resection and anastomosis as a treatment for oesophageal stricture in the horse. PMID- 6806096 TI - Arterial carbon dioxide estimates during upper body exercise. PMID- 6806095 TI - Arterial blood--spinal fluid oxygen gradient diminishes during alkalaemia in hyperoxic man. AB - We investigated the effect of intravenous sodium bicarbonate (2 mmol x kg-1) on the arterial blood-spinal fluid PO2 gradient in twelve anaesthetized hyperoxaemic human subjects who were in preparation for surgical procedures The steady-state samples of arterial blood and lumbar fluid were withdrawn for the assessment of the acid-base status and electrolyte content in both fluid compartments before and after NaHCO3 injection. We found that NaHCO3 increased the arterial pH and PCO2, and decreased the blood-spinal fluid PO2 gradient significantly. The latter was a result of an increase in spinal fluid PO2 and a decrease in PaO2. The diminished PO2 gradient can be accounted for by the specific effect of carbamate and bicarbonate, distinct from that of pH, lowering the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen. This might favor the maintenance of an adequate oxygen supply in the brain tissue under unfavorable conditions. PMID- 6806097 TI - Multisite phosphorylation of glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle. Organisation of the seven sites in the polypeptide chain. AB - Glycogen synthase is a substrate for five distinct protein kinases in skeletal muscle which phosphorylate seven different serine residues on the enzyme. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates sites 1a, 1b and 2, phosphorylase kinase, site 2, glycogen synthase kinase 3, sites 3a, 3b and 3c, glycogen synthase kinase 4, site 2 and glycogen synthase kinase 5 site 5. Site 2 is seven residues from the N-terminus of glycogen synthase and is located in a cyanogen bromide peptide termed CB1 (apparent Mr = 9000). The other six phosphorylation sites are located in a cyanogen bromide peptide termed CB2 (apparent Mr = 24 000) at the C-terminal end of the molecule. The sequence of the N-terminal 123 residues of peptide CB2, has been completed. Sites 3a, 3b, 3c, 5, 1a and 1b are located at residues 30, 34, 38, 46, 87 and 100 from the N-terminus of CB2 respectively. Site 1a is the next serine residue after site 5. The region surrounding sites 3a, 3b and 3c is very rich in proline residues while that surrounding sites 1a and 1b contains many serine and threonine residues. The 23 residues following site 5 contain 15 aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues, while the region immediately N-terminal to site 1a is very basic. The whole region is remarkably hydrophilic and is the region at which the native enzyme is attacked by proteinases. The sites at which glycogen synthase is cleaved by trypsin, chymotrypsin and thermolysin have been identified. The finding that trypsin cleaves the enzyme C-terminal to site 3c while chymotrypsin cleaves N terminal to site 3a has formed the basis of a simple procedure for determining the state of phosphorylation of the seven serine residues in vivo [Parker, P.J., Embi, N., Caudwell, F.B., and Cohen, P. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 124, 47-55]. PMID- 6806098 TI - Immunoglobulin G biosynthesis in a human lymphoblastoid cell line. Differences between membrane-bound and secretory forms of gamma chains. AB - The cultured human B lymphoblastoid cell line Maja synthesises two forms of the gamma heavy chain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that differ in apparent molecular weight. The lower-molecular-weight form is secreted into the culture medium as a water-soluble product in association with light chains and comigrates on dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gels with serum IgG gamma chains. The higher-molecular weight form is not detected in culture supernatants. In distinction to the secreted form, the higher-molecular-weight form is labelled by a lipophilic, photoactivatable nitrene and is inserted asymmetrically in a transmembrane orientation into rough microsomes. It is concluded that Maja cells synthesise secretory (gamma s) and membrane-associated (gamma m) forms of IgG heavy chains. Both forms of the gamma heavy chain are glycosylated, and can contain one or two asparagine-linked glycan units. The gamma m and gamma s heavy chains differ by about 10 000 in apparent molecular weight. This difference resides exclusively in the polypeptide moiety. Although part of the difference comprises a transmembrane peptide and a cytoplasmic tail of apparent molecular weight about 2000 for gamma m chains, a substantial segment of unique peptide is most probably present on the non-cytoplasmic side of the bilayer. The ionophore monensin inhibits the intracellular transport of gamma s and gamma m chains at a stage when they are sensitive to the enzyme endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. In contrast, HLA-A and HLA-B antigens reach a stage at which they are insensitive to this enzyme in the presence of monensin, although their surface expression is inhibited by the ionophore. The implications of these results for the intracellular transport of membrane-associated glycoproteins are discussed. PMID- 6806099 TI - Giant epiphrenic diverticula. PMID- 6806101 TI - DNA and protein content of different hypotrich ciliates. PMID- 6806105 TI - Benoxaprofen: plasma binding and binding interactions with some drugs and endogenous compounds. AB - The binding of benoxaprofen to human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by equilibrium dialysis at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. As most acidic drugs, almost completely ionized at plasma pH, benoxaprofen was avidly bound to HSA (7.5 x 10( 6) M) with the following parameters: n1 = 3.3 and K1 = 325 x 10(3) M-1; n2 = 16.2 and K2 = 2.1 x 10(3) M-1 At normal HSA plasma concentration in humans benoxaprofen was more than 99.5% bound, either when a pure HSA solution or when a pooled serum was used. Such results were obtained within a wide range of benoxaprofen concentrations and benoxaprofen binding did not significantly differ whatever its concentration might be. The influence of liver failure on benoxaprofen serum binding was investigated in five patients whose bilirubinaemia was from 15 to 28 x 10(-6) M, and the results were compared to those of five normal volunteers. There was no difference between the two groups: 99.30 +/- 0.30% versus 99.62 +/- 0.30%. However, in four other patients whose bilirubinaemia was greater than 130 x 10(-6) M, the binding of benoxaprofen decreased to 98.0 +/- 1.6% (p] less than 0.05). Addition of FFA (palmitic acid, 2000 . 10(-6) M) to H SA (580 x 10(-6) M) involved a slight decrease in HSA binding of benoxaprofen: 99.8 +/- 0.1 versus 99.66 +/- 0.03%. Serum binding of benoxaprofen was not affected by therapeutic levels of tolbutamide, was slightly decreased from 99.7 to 9.2% by furosemide, to 99.4% by CPIB, and to 99.4% by salicylic acid. At the reverse, therapeutic plasma levels of benoxaprofen did not displace warfarin and acenocoumarol, but they displaced CPIB from 90.1 to 86.1%, glibenclamide from 95.2 to 94.2% and phenylbutazone 99.6 to 93.0%. PMID- 6806102 TI - The comparison of 8-hydroxyquinoline, tropolone, and acetylacetone as mediators in the labelling of polymorphonuclear leucocytes with indium-111: a functional study. AB - Tropolone forms a lipophilic complex with indium-111 which is capable of mediating the labelling of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) by this isotope; labelling efficiencies are comparable with the best achieved using 8 hydroxyquinoline and acetylacetone. However, in terms of PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis, tropolone is significantly less toxic than either of te other ligands. 8-Hydroxyquinoline was found to reduce PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis to approximately 70% of the control values at a concentration of 20 micro M. Tropolone may prove a superior labelling reagent. PMID- 6806103 TI - Quantification of the distribution of 111In-labelled platelets in organs. AB - A single and practical approach to the in vivo quantification of 111indium-oxine labelled blood platelets with a scintillation camera and computer assisted imaging system was evaluated. Radioactivity of the 172 and 247 keV energies was measured in a phantom at various source distances from the collimator and the accuracy of anterior and posterior mode measurements compared with that of the geometrical mean (GM) method, with and without correction for Compton scatter (CS). Organ radioactivity, expressed as a percentage of whole body radioactivity, was determined in vivo in five baboons and the accuracy of the methods verified by post mortem quantification in the animals. Measurements in the anterior mode significantly overestimates hepatic and underestimates splenic radioactivity; posterior mode quantification reverses these results. Correction with the GM method made the accuracy and reproducibility very acceptable. Further correction for anterior-posterior attenuation and/or CS did not improve results materially. The GM method could readily be applied in five human subjects. This study showed that the GM method is an accurate and practical method for the in vivo quantification of organ and regional distribution of 111In-labelled platelets. PMID- 6806100 TI - The entry of sporozoites of Theileria parva into bovine lymphocytes in vitro. Electron microscopic observations. AB - The entry of sporozoites of Theileria parva into bovine lymphoid cells in vitro was studied with the electron microscope. Endocytosis is completed in less than 10 min. No local mobilization of actin or other cytoskeletal elements is detected in the cytoplasm of the cell being invaded and no engulfing pseudopods are formed. At the site of initial contact, the membranes of parasite and host cell come into very close apposition. As the zippering up of the membranes spreads laterally, the sporozoite sinks into a progressively deepening recess in the surface of the host cell until the rim of the invagination closes and fuses over the parasite. The observation that sporozoites are interiorized at 1-2 degrees C as well as at 37 degrees C suggests that endocytosis depends mainly upon a ligand receptor interaction of the parasite and host cell membranes and requires little energy. Sporozoites may enter in any orientation, unlike other sporozoan parasites in which the membrane overlying an apical complex is invariably the site of attachment. 24 h after entry, the sporozoite is located in the Golgi region and the investing host cell membrane acquired during endocytosis has disappeared. The Golgi complex has been activated to form small lysosomes which gather around the parasite but are ineffective for lack of a membrane which they can fuse. It is suggested that removal of the investing host-cell membrane permits the parasite to evade destruction by the phagolysosomal system of the host cell. Persistence of micronemes after entry of the sporozoite and their subsequent disappearances invites the speculation that these parasite organelles may play a role in dispersal of the invaginated host cell membrane. PMID- 6806104 TI - The pharmacology of benoxaprofen with particular to effects on lipoxygenase product formation. AB - Benoxaprofen has three pharmacological activities which may relate to its clinical activity profile. The most important of these for anti-inflammatory therapy is the regulation of directional monocyte movement in response to a stimulus but the inhibitory activity against lipoxygenase may be of considerable relevance in the treatment of asthma. The relatively weak inhibitory action on prostaglandin synthetase probably confers clinical benefit with a reduced potential to cause severe gastric side effects. Benoxaprofen is an inhibitor pf the lipoxygenase enzyme which converts arachidonic acid to hydroxy derivatives and the leukotrienes. These products are potent pharmacological agents with potentially important roles in inflammation and hypersensitivity disorders. PMID- 6806106 TI - Rat mammary tumors from carcinogen-induced nodules and their responsiveness to ovariectomy. AB - The research objective was to determine whether DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors derived from transplanted mammary nodules differ in ovarian-responsiveness from tumors originating randomly from in situ mammary parenchyma. Nodule-derived tumors were from hyperplastic alveolar outgrowths in mammary fat pads, which were either first generation outgrowths (primary nodule outgrowths) or generations 3-6 of a tumorigenic nodule line (nodule outgrowth T18). Tumors were induced in primary outgrowths by secondary exposure to DMBA in vivo or in vitro. The nodule line was not re-exposed to DMBA because of its high oncogenicity (80-85%). Despite the histological similarity of the tumor derivatives, primary nodule outgrowths and the nodule outgrowth line developed a higher proportion of ovarian independent to ovarian-dependent tumors (1:3 and 3:4 respectively) than did in situ mammary tissues (1:9). These results are consistent with the observation that nodule outgrowths were themselves ovarian-independent. PMID- 6806107 TI - Adenosine phosphorylase-mediated nucleoside toxicity. Application towards the detection of mycoplasmal infection in mammalian cell cultures. PMID- 6806108 TI - Ultraviolet hypersensitivity of Cockayne's syndrome fibroblasts. Effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis. PMID- 6806109 TI - Co-existence of vimentin and desmin type intermediate filaments in a subpopulation of adult rat vascular smooth muscle cells growing in primary culture. PMID- 6806110 TI - Intercellular adhesion in butyrate-treated HeLa S3 cultures. Flow cytometric analysis. PMID- 6806111 TI - Ecdysterone, insulin and fly extract needed for the proliferation of normal Drosophila cells in defined medium. PMID- 6806112 TI - Immunochemical characterization of the main intrinsic proteins of the human lens membrane. PMID- 6806113 TI - Effect of anticonvulsant drugs on kainic acid-induced epileptiform activity. PMID- 6806114 TI - Trichinella spiralis: genetic basis for differential expression of phase-specific intestinal immunity in inbred mice. PMID- 6806115 TI - Theileria annulata and Babesia ovis: ultracytochemical lactic dehydrogenase activity of sporozoites in salivary glands of female ticks, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum and Rhipicephalus bursa. PMID- 6806117 TI - Sarcocystis, Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, Brugia, Ancylostoma, and Trichinella spp.: a review of the intracellular parasites of striated muscle. PMID- 6806116 TI - Trypanosomatidae: isoleucine requirement and threonine deaminase in species with and without endosymbionts. PMID- 6806118 TI - Intermolecular and intramolecular isotope effects in the deamination of putrescine catalyzed by diamine oxidase. AB - The enzymatic deamination of 1,4-diaminobutane (putrescine) catalyzed by hog kidney diamine oxidase was studied with the aid of deuterium labeled substrates and mass spectrometry. An intermolecular deuterium isotope effect for the deamination of putrescine labeled with deuterium in all 4 alpha positions was observed to be 1.26. 1,4-Diaminobutane-1,1-d2 was synthesized and intramolecular isotope effects determined. The preference of diamine oxidase for the unlabeled alpha position was about 4 times greater than for the deuterated methylene. This work shows that intramolecular deuterium isotope effects are observable in enzyme systems other than cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6806119 TI - Termination of Immunological tolerance in mice to human IgG by human IgA. PMID- 6806120 TI - Stimulation by thyroliberin (TRH) of 86Rb efflux from perifused bovine anterior pituitary cells. PMID- 6806122 TI - Molecular identification of the human Rho (D) antigen. PMID- 6806123 TI - Calcium uptake associated with an intracellular membrane fraction prepared from human blood platelets by high-voltage, free-flow electrophoresis. PMID- 6806121 TI - Binding of 125I-calmodulin to platelet alpha-granules. PMID- 6806124 TI - Insulin stimulates deoxyglucose transport in adult rat heart cells in the absence of Ca2+. PMID- 6806125 TI - B lymphocyte development, heterogeneity, and activation. PMID- 6806126 TI - Antiarsonate antibody response: a model for studying antibody diversity. AB - The use of two polyclonal activators, dextran sulfate (DxS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with or without the presence of additional antigen, is presented here as a system for exploring the antibody response of normal (naive) amd primed B cells. This system expands populations of cells not normally observed under in vivo regulation. By fusing such unnaturally activated B cells, anti-p-azophenylarsonate hybrids were produced that secrete different isotypes of antibodies. The frequencies of isotopes expressed by these hybrids may correspond to the chromosomal order of the heavy chain genes because greater numbers of IgM- and IgG3-secreting hybrids were produced than IgG2a hybrids. Only one IgA hybrid was observed. When DxS and LPS were used to stimulate antigen-primed B cells, hybrids were generated that simultaneously secrete two isotopes of antibody. These hybrids may represent a model of the antigen-stimulated maturational class switch step observed in normal B cells that involves the expression of IgM and IgG isotypes by the same cell. Such hybrids offer an opportunity to study antibody regulation and diversity by examining the rearrangement of genes during the Ig switch, by exploring the nature of the necessary transitions of mRNA transcription and translation to produce functional antibodies, and by probing the structure and specificity of such antibodies. PMID- 6806127 TI - Pathway of onset, development, and decay of carrageenan pleurisy in the rat. AB - A sequential 37-step pathway scheme has been devised that describes the actions and events responsible for the onset, development, and decay of carrageenan pleurisy. It is postulated that the subpleural cytotoxicity of absorbed carrageenan initiates the response by producing a biphasic subpleural inflammation, the first phase of which precedes any sign of pleural exudation. Pleural exudation began 1 h after the injection of carrageenan and consisted of mobilized neutrophils and a barely detectable exudate volume. The time course of intrapleural neutrophil mobilization was monophasic (S shaped). Monocyte mobilization began after neutrophil mobilization and was also monophasic. Pleural exudate formation was biphasic. The first exudative phase was sensitive to inhibitors of neutrophil mobilization and arachidonate acid cyclooxygenase (AACO). Drug studies revealed that although neutrophils were required to initiate the first exudative process, the cells of the pleura produced a postulated reactive prostaglandin intermediate that increased vascular permeability and resulted in exudate formation. The etiology of the second exudative phase is unknown. This phase is insensitive to AACO inhibitors but is highly sensitive to steroids. Inhibition of monocyte mobilization by colchicine revealed that these were not associated with any exudate formation. Monocytes are postulated to stop the exudative process. These cells phagocytose the mobilized neutrophils and return the pleural cavity to normal. Thus, in this model of acute inflammation, monocytic function is related solely to anti-inflammatory activities. PMID- 6806130 TI - Pepsin and trypsin activity in the fore gut of metamorphosing Xenopus laevis larvae. PMID- 6806129 TI - Pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) during different phases of the same cycle of oral contraceptive steroid therapy. AB - To study the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretory capacity and to determine whether the gonadotropes, lactotropes, and thyrotropes have a circatrigintan cycle of variation under hormonal contraception, women under combined oral contraceptive steroid treatment were challenged with a combination of 100 micrograms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and 200 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) given intravenously at weekly intervals. Significant releases of LH (P less than 0.001), FSH (P less than 0.05), PRL (P less than 0.001) and TSH (P less than 0.001) occurred in response to GnRH-TRH. The LH integrated change score (ICS), calculated as the difference between post GnRH-TRH hormonal release and the average baseline levels, was higher (P less than 0.001) after ingestion of tablet 7 than after the 7th day after ending the previous cycle of treatment and after ingestion of tablet 21. The FSH ICS decreased as the cycle of treatment advanced in comparison with the ICS of the 7th day after the end of the previous cycle of treatment. The PRL and TSH ICS were not influenced by oral contraceptives. The LH, FSH, PRL, and TSH releases were not influenced by the dose of estrogens given daily. PMID- 6806128 TI - Tamoxifen in the treatment of infertility associated with luteal phase deficiency. AB - A group of 17 patients with suspected luteal phase deficiency was treated with tamoxifen. Tamoxifen therapy was found to lengthen the luteal phase in all patients and resulted in pregnancy in 6 of 17 patients. The integrated luteal phase progesterone (P) concentration in the nontreatment cycle of seven patients was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) than that of five normal women. Therapy with tamoxifen increased the P concentration to 186.0 +/- 24.4 ng/ml/cycle (mean +/- standard error of the mean), i.e., twice that of the control cycle. The mean estradiol (E2) concentration at the midcycle peak was about twice that observed during the nontreatment cycle. The glycogen content of the endometrial tissue at the midluteal phase in the tamoxifen cycle was significantly higher (P less than 0.025) than that of endometrial tissue in the nontreatment cycle, indicating improvement of the endometrial function. PMID- 6806132 TI - [Determination of resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by means of penicillin test discs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806133 TI - [100th anniversary of the discovery of tuberculin pathogens by Robert Koch]. PMID- 6806131 TI - [In-vitro sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae against erythromycin and treatment of gonorrhea with Lubomycin B-capsules (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806134 TI - The use of 51Cr for assessing cytotoxicity in an in vitro bioassay for inhibin. AB - A cytotoxicity test based on 51Cr release was investigated to assess the specificity of an in vitro bioassay for inhibin utilizing rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. The bioassay is based on a specific suppression of the pituitary cell content of FSH. A variety of substances both of known and unknown toxicity, were bioassayed for inhibin at serial dilutions and the 51Cr release, and FSH and LH cell content levels determined and morphological appearance of the cells evaluated. Results indicated that the 51Cr release procedure was more sensitive and specific in assessing cytotoxicity than either morphological evaluation or LH cell content procedures. In addition, since the 51Cr release was largely independent of the 51Cr concentration, the cell concentration and the age of the culture (2-6 days), this method could be used to assess the quality of, or differences between individual cultures. In conclusion, the 51Cr release procedure provides an additional index for assessing the specificity of the inhibin bioassay as well as an index of the quality of individual cultures. The simplicity and high precision of this cytotoxicity test make it an attractive adjunct to other in vitro bioassay methods. PMID- 6806136 TI - [2d Symposium of the French Society of Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition. Marseilles, 3-4 December 1981. Abstracts]. PMID- 6806135 TI - Acid and pepsin secretion in chronic Chagas' disease patients in response to graded doses of pentagastrin and pentagastrin plus bethanecol. AB - Gastric acid and pepsin secretory responses to graded doses of pentagastrin were measured in 12 Chagas' disease patients and 18 control subjects, and in 7 Chagas' disease patients and 6 controls the study was repeated with an infusion of bethanecol. Calculated maximal outputs of acid and pepsin (Vmax) and responsiveness (D50) of the acid- and pepsin-secreting cells to pentagastrin were lower in the chagasics. Bethanecol had no significant effect on pentagastrin stimulated gastric secretions in controls. The impairment of responsiveness of the gastric secretory cells in Chagas' disease patients was fully corrected by bethanecol. PMID- 6806137 TI - [Unusual complication of colonic preparation with mannitol: hypovolemic collapse in a patient treated with beta-blockers]. PMID- 6806138 TI - Effect of changes in serum calcium on secretin-stimulated serum gastrin in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether or not the serum gastrin response to secretin in patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is influenced by changes in serum calcium. After infusion of 50 mg/kg disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate over 90 min in 7 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, increases in serum gastrin following administration of 1 CU/kg (Cu-clinical unit) secretin GIH (118 +/- 46 pg/ml) were lower than the response before the infusion (755 +/- 90 pg/ml; p less than 0.01). Before infusion of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate all 7 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome had gastrin increases after secretin administration above 100 pg/ml, while after the infusion 4 of 7 patients had secretin-stimulated increases in serum gastrin below 100 pg/ml. Subsequent normalization of serum calcium by infusion of 3 mg/kg calcium over 15 min resulted in gastrin responses to secretin of greater than 100 pg/ml. Infusion of 10 mg/kg calcium over 120 min in 4 Zollinger-Ellison syndrome patients induced significant increases in secretin-stimulated serum gastrin from 660 +/- 180 to 1339 +/- 286 pg/ml (p = 0.005). This dose of calcium did not increase the gastrin response to secretin in 5 normogastrinemic and 2 hypergastrinemic control subjects. It was concluded that serum gastrin response to secretin in patient with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is influenced by serum calcium concentrations. PMID- 6806140 TI - Effect of individual l-amino acids on gastric acid secretion and serum gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release in humans. AB - Individual l-amino acids were instilled intragastrically to determine possible differences in stimulation of gastric acid secretion and gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release. Phenylalanine and tryptophan were significantly more potent stimulants of gastric acid secretion and of pancreatic polypeptide and gastrin release than any of the other amino acids tested. Smaller, but significant, responses were obtained with threonine for pancreatic polypeptide and with serine for acid secretion. We conclude that a major part of the acid-stimulating action of mixed amino acid solution can be explained by the aromatic amino acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan, which are also the most potent stimulants of gastrin and pancreatic polypeptide release. These studies suggest that the specific composition of amino acid mixtures determines the net effects of such mixtures on gastric secretion, and on release of both the antral hormone gastrin and the pancreatic hormone, pancreatic polypeptide. PMID- 6806139 TI - Effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on gastric secretion in the cat. AB - The effects of porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide on the acid and pepsin secretions from denervated gastric pouches and innervated stomach were studied in conscious cats both in basal conditions and after stimulation with pentagastrin, histamine, or a liver meal. In contrast with the well-known inhibitory effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide on acid and pepsin secretions in dogs, the peptide induced in cats an increase of the acid and pepsin responses to pentagastrin and an increase of the gastric mucosal blood flow as determined by aminopyrine clearance. Vasoactive intestinal peptide similarly enhanced the acid and pepsin responses to a liver meal in spite of a significant inhibition of the postprandial release of gastrin. The peptide increased the pepsin response but slightly decreased the acid response to histamine. Thus in cats, porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide consistently stimulates pepsin secretion and potentiates the meal- and pentagastrin-induced acid responses. PMID- 6806141 TI - Cost benefit and cost containment. PMID- 6806143 TI - Genetically induced mitotic exchange in the heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Multiple copies of the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA cistrons are present in both the X and Y chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. Data are presented here that identify a locus, Rex, that causes exchange-like events between duplicated ribosomal complexes at the ends of an attached-XY chromosome. Rex: (1) is close to or in the basal heterochromatin of the X chromosome; (2) is semidominant and (its effect) is temperature sensitive; (3) acts maternally; and (4) affects behavior of paternally derived attached-XY chromosomes shortly after fertilization. Though, at this point, the existence of Rex is known only from its effects on behavior of a particular compound chromosome, it presents intriguing possibilities for understanding regulation of chromosome behavior and organization of the ribosomal cistrons. PMID- 6806142 TI - Interactions between sex-transformation mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Hemolymph vitellogenins and gonad morphology. AB - In Drosophila, vitellogenins (yolk protein precursors) are synthesized by the female fat body, secreted into the hemolymph and subsequently taken up by the developing oocytes. The male fat body, on the other hand, does not do this even when immature ovaries are transplanted into the body cavity and grow. Thus, the hemolymph vitellogenins serve as an easily detectable sexually dimorphic biochemical marker.--We have examined hemolymph vitellogenins by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in flies carrying various sex-transformation mutants (dsx, tra, tra-2 and tra-2OTF) singly and in all possible combinations. Chromosomal females homozygous for tra or tra-2 have no detectable hemolymph vitellogenins, while those homozygous for tra-2OTF exhibit appreciable levels of these proteins. Flies homozygous for dsx, both X/X and X/Y, have hemolymph vitellogenins, although the amount is consistently smaller in the latter. Indeed, X/Y; dsx/dsx is the only genotype in which hemolymph vitellogenins are detected in the X/Y flies. A clear hierarchy of epistasis exists among these sex transformation mutants when they are examined in various combinations: dsx greater than tra, tra-2 greater than tra-2OTF. Moreover, an interaction between tra-2OTF and tra was seen in these experiments: X/X; tra-2OTF/tra-2OTF flies show the presence of only a trace of hemolymph vitellogenins when they are made heterozygous for tra. These results, combined with observations on gonad morphology, are discussed with respect to the Baker and Ridge (1980) hypothesis of sex determination. PMID- 6806144 TI - The distribution of randomly recovered X-ray-induced sex-linked genetic effects in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Cytogenetic analysis of more than 1500 randomly recovered lethal X chromosomes derived from 2000 and 3000 r X-ray exposures of post-meiotic male germ cells has made possible a plot of the distribution in different regions of the X chromosome of: (1) gene mutations associated with cytologically normal chromosomes, (2) mutations associated with chromosomal rearrangement breakpoints, (3) deficiencies, and (4) rearrangement breakpoints whether or not they are associated with mutations. The distribution of point mutations, vital loci and rearrangement breakpoints in different regions of the X chromosome is not proportional to either the number of bands or the relative DNA content. Further, the density of vital loci (those capable of mutating to a lethal allele) is quite different in some regions as compared to others. For example, vital loci in the 3AB region, which has been thoroughly studied by Judd and others, are at least as numerous as bands; whereas, the 3CD region, equally long, has only two vital loci. Other regions densely populated with vital loci include 1B, 1F-2A, 10A, 11A, and 19EF; sparsely populated regions include 6EF and 10B-10E. It seems reasonable to conclude that the recovered X-ray-induced mutants available for analysis do not represent a random sample of those initially induced in the exposed male germ cells. PMID- 6806145 TI - [Gene amplification in prokaryote and eukaryote systems]. AB - The studied cases of gene amplification in bacteriophages, bacteria, yeasts, Drosophila, animal viruses and animal cells are reviewed. It is suggested that gene amplification is the mechanism universal for all classes of organisms and necessary for: 1) rendering the needed overhigh level of gene expression provided that the efficiency of the given gene transcription reaches in maximum (adaptive amplification), 2) preferential genome replication in case the efficiency of replication initiation reaches its maximum (competitive amplification), 3) rendering the essential stable DNA-protein interaction, if this interaction is damaged by DNA deletion (compensatory amplification). Molecular mechanisms for gene amplifications are: a) multiple sequential gene duplications, b) differential overreplication, excision, extrareplication and reintegration. PMID- 6806146 TI - [In vitro repair of gamma-irradiated transforming Bacillus subtilis DNA by extracts of blue-green algae]. AB - A cell-free extract from blue-green alga Anacystis nidulans contains enzymes which repair in vitro the transforming activity of gamma-irradiated Bacillus subtilis DNA. The level of restoration of the transforming activity depends on the protein concentration in the reaction mixture, the duration of incubation and on the dose of irradiation. The repair of gamma-induced lesions is most efficient in the presence of magnesium ions, NAD and ATP. The present data indicate that the repair of transforming DNA is performed with the participation of DNA polymerase and polynucleotide ligase which function in the cell-free extract of algae. PMID- 6806148 TI - The cytogenetic boundaries of the rDNA region within heterochromatin in the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster and their relation to male meiotic pairing sites. PMID- 6806147 TI - [Bacillus licheniformis as an object for the propagaton of heterologous genetic material from bacilli]. AB - Bacillus licheniformis was transformed with plasmids pUB110 and pJJ10 (pUB110 - pBR322) isolated from Bac. subtilis and Escherichia coli, respectively. It was revealed that the structure and genetic properties of the plasmids did not change during the transformation process. pJJ101 (pJJ10-rib) DNA isolated from E. coli and containing helper pJJ10 plasmid was used, as a recipient. It was shown that pJJ101 rib markers were "rescued" by the resident plasmid during transformation of Bac. licheniformis (pJJ10). Plasmid pLP1 containing ribB, ribD, Kmr genes and the pUB110 replicator, was isolated from the transformants. pLP1 plasmid might be considered as a detected derivative of the parental pJJ101 plasmid. The deletion is presented by 3,9 MD segment that contains the pBR322 replicator. pLP1 DNA is capable of transforming plasmidless strains of Bac. licheniformis and Bac. subtilis. PMID- 6806149 TI - The relationship between heterochromatic homology and meiotic segregation of compound second autosomes during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6806152 TI - [Importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hygienic assessment of a water source]. PMID- 6806153 TI - Federal expenditures for the elderly: a different interpretation of the past. PMID- 6806150 TI - Expression of Pseudomonas fluorescens D-galactose dehydrogenase in E. coli. AB - To investigate the heterologous expression of Pseudomonas genes in Escherichia coli we have cloned P. fluorescens DNA in an E. coli [cosmid] system. A colony bank representing the whole P. fluorescens chromosome was screened immunologically using a modification of the method described by Broome and Gilbert (1978). Radioactive labelling of the antibodies was replaced by conjugation with horseradish peroxidase. Among 523 E. coli colonies one was D galactose dehydrogenase-positive. The expression of this enzyme in primary clones was lower than in the uninduced Pseudomonas. Subcloning of the D-galactose dehydrogenase gene, in vitro mutagenesis of the DNA, and coupling to a strong E. coli promoter yielded an E. coli strain that produces 90 times more of the enzyme than the induced P. fluorescens. PMID- 6806151 TI - Expression of Escherichia coli trp genes and the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene cloned in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene and a segment of the Escherichia coli trp operon are expressed in Bacillus subtilis when cloned in the "expression plasmid" pPL608. The cloned mouse gene confers trimethoprim resistance on B. subtilis and the cloned trp fragment complements mutations in the B subtilis trpD, C and F genes Expression of both cloned fragments is dependent on a promoter present in the vector plasmid. The E. coli trp fragment is cloned in a HindIII site within a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene present on pPL608, and as a result, expression of the E. coli trpC gene product is inducible by chloramphenicol. The mouse gene is inserted at a PstI site preceding the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene and its expression is not chloramphenicol inducible. The replication functions and neomycin-resistance of pPL608 are derived from pUB110. Accordingly, pPL608 is stably maintained at high copy number in B. subtilis. PMID- 6806155 TI - Controlled trial of dexamethasone and mannitol for the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure. AB - A controlled trial of 44 patients was undertaken to evaluate the use of dexamethasone (32 mg stat, 8 mg qds) in preventing, and intravenous mannitol (1 g/kg) in reversing the cerebral oedema of fulminant hepatic failure. Diagnosis of cerebral oedema was based on intracranial pressure recordings or the presence of defined clinical signs. Cerebral oedema developed in 34 patients with similar frequency in those treated with and without dexamethasone (16 of 21 and 18 of 23 respectively). In those 34 patients episodes of cerebral oedema resolved significantly more frequently in the 17 patients who received mannitol than in the 17 patients who did not (44 of 53 and 16 of 17 respectively, p less than 0.001). Dexamethasone did not affect survival but among patients who developed cerebral oedema those who received mannitol had a significantly better survival than those who did not receive it (47.1% and 5.9% respectively, p 0.008, Fisher's one-tail test). PMID- 6806156 TI - Plasmapheresis: its value in the management of patients with antibodies to factor VIII. AB - 12 plasmapheresis were carried out in 5 patients with antibodies to F VIII (3 haemaophilic antibodies; 2 spontaneous antibodies). Plasmapheresis led in all instances to a marked reduction of the antibody level there was a good correlation between the amount of plasma exchanged and the decrease of the antibody level. About 40 ml of plasma/kg body weight have to be removed to reduce the antibody level to half. In patients with low titre antibody who need treatment for serious bleeding, plasmapheresis is a more rapid and less expensive procedure than neutralisation of the inhibitor by high doses of F VIII. In one haemophiliac repeated plasmapheresis and subsequent high dose F VIII treatment eliminated the antibody within a short time. Plasmapheresis should always be considered when patients with antibodies to F VIII have to be treated because of severe bleeding. PMID- 6806154 TI - Total body water and total body potassium in patients with continent ileostomies. AB - Total body water and total body potassium were studied in 14 patients submitted to proctocolectomy six to 10 years after they had been provided with a continent ileostomy. Total body water was determined with an isotope dilution technique using tritiated water as a tracer. Total body potassium was determined by counting the gamma radiation from the naturally present nuclid 40K in a total body counter. The results were compared with 'normal values' produced by multiple regression analysis of data from 476 healthy controls which had been published earlier from the same laboratory. The investigations showed no signs of water or potassium depletion in patients with continent ileostomies. PMID- 6806157 TI - Purification and properties of extracellular xylan hydrolases of Streptomyces exfoliatus. AB - Fractionation of extracellular xylan hydrolases of a strain of Streptomyces exfoliatus MC1 (by salting out, molecular sieving and ion exchange chromatography) revealed the presence of five species of the enzyme. Three major fractions could be purified to homogeneity; two were apparently endohydrolases and the third an exo-xylan hydrolase. The three fractions showed different degrees of affinity to the substrate and differed considerably in their substrate specificities. One of the endo-enzymes was specific to xylan while the other could also attack cellulose, inulin and pectin. The exo-enzyme showed xylanolytic and cellulolytic functions only. The three fractions further differed in their response to the presence of metal ions, mercapto reagents and compounds. Although the pH and temperature optima were different, the three fractions functioned synergistically in the hydrolysis of xylan. PMID- 6806161 TI - [Long-term results of dialysis therapy. Is dialysis-related arteriosclerosis limiting therapy?]. PMID- 6806160 TI - A lithium and carbamazepine combination in the treatment of bipolar disorder--a preliminary report. AB - A lithium and carbamazepine combination was reported in five patients with bipolar disorder (DSM-III), who had not received benefits from conventional treatments. Patients 1, 2 and 4 showed favorable antimanic responses to carbamazepine used in combination with lithium carbonate. Patient 3 did not respond well to either lithium or carbamazepine alone, but improved dramatically on the simultaneous administration of the two drugs. The prophylactic benefit was observed in two patients. These clinical results suggest that a lithium and carbamazepine combination may be more efficacious in the treatment of acute manic episode and the prevention of affective recurrences than each drug alone. PMID- 6806158 TI - Acid production and proteolytic activity in milk by selected Lactobacillus gamma radiation induced mutants. PMID- 6806163 TI - Benefits from adding nifedipine to the treatment of unstable angina when beta blockade and isosorbide dinitrate have proved inadequate. AB - Nifedipine (10 mg orally six times daily) was given to patients with unstable angina persisting despite adequate beta-blockade (group I, 35 patients) or despite the association of adequate beta-blockade and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (group II, 47 patients). Stabilization of anginal symptoms was achieved in 31/35 patients of group I and in 39/47 patients of group II. Aorto-coronary bypass grafting was carried out in 19 patients because of persisting unstable angina (five patients) or because of the severity of residual angina (14 patients). Tolerance to these drug combinations was excellent, with side-effects consisting mainly of transient headache (eight patients) and noncardiac ankle edema (eight patients). Nifedipine was found to be valuable in stabilizing unstable angina persisting despite beta-blockade and nitrates. PMID- 6806162 TI - [Possibilities of pancreas transplantation]. AB - The prognosis of patients with juvenile onset diabetes which require dialysis is poor, even if blood glucose is kept in the normal range by administration of exogenous insulin in standard techniques. Animal experiments have shown, that late complications of diabetes can be prevented by transplantation of pancreatic tissue. This is why pancreas transplantation is discussed for the application in humans. Allogenic islet transplants could not show long-term function. At the present time the transplantation of segmental grafts seems to be the method of choice, especially when combined with a new technique of occluding the ductal system. This technique could be shown to prevent the early complications related to the exocrine part of the graft. Up to the end of Oct. 1980 there have been 15 living recipients, 4 of them with grafts functioning longer than one year. PMID- 6806159 TI - Variation of antimetabolite sensitivity with different carbon sources in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The susceptibility of Bacillus subtilis to amino acid analogues was found to be markedly influenced by the carbon source used in the test media. Thialysine inhibited the bacterium with a greater number of carbon sources than the other two analogues tested. 5-Hydroxylysine was inhibitory with glycerol, lactose, D xylose, L-arabinose and soluble starch while ethionine showed toxicity with lactose, D-xylose and L-arabinose. None of these analogues were toxic at the levels tested when D-galactose was used as carbon source. The bacterium was not susceptible to thialysine with glycerol, to 5-hydroxylysine with L-arabinose and to ethionine with lactose. PMID- 6806164 TI - Long-term care becomes major new role for hospitals. PMID- 6806165 TI - Hospitals must change missions and marketing to better serve the elderly. PMID- 6806166 TI - Debate continues on future of federal financing of long-term care. PMID- 6806167 TI - Responsibility for long-term care rests with private sector. PMID- 6806168 TI - Insulin cell transplants may be future diabetes cure. PMID- 6806169 TI - Infection control: practitioners should emphasize financial aspects of programs. PMID- 6806170 TI - Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after high-dose mitomycin C and autologous bone marrow transplantation therapy. AB - Three cases of veno-occlusive disease of the liver were diagnosed in four autopsied patients who had received high-dose mitomycin C therapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation, and the pathologic finding are reported. Review of 27 liver, examined post mortem, of patients receiving other high-dose chemotherapeutic regimens, 15 of them with subsequent autologous bone marrow transplantation, revealed no evidence of veno-occlusive disease. Veno-occlusive disease may now become a dose-limiting factor in the use of the combined high dose mitomycin C-bone marrow transplantation therapy. Attention is also drawn to the increasing number of veno-occlusive disease cases being reported in associated with alkylating agents. PMID- 6806171 TI - Distinct B cell subpopulations differ in their genetic requirements for activation by T helper cells. PMID- 6806172 TI - Regulation of growth and proliferation in B cell subpopulations. AB - The activation of B lymphocyte subpopulations by anti-immunoglobulin and by LPS has been examined. All resting B cells were stimulated to grow larger (i.e. to go from G0 phase to mid G1 phase of the cell cycle) by the continuous presence of anti-mu antibodies. A subpopulation oif these B cells, 30-50% in normal mouse strains, entered S phase in response to large doses of anti-mu. This subpopulation, probably Lyb5+, was completely absent in mice with the xid determined immune defect. Another, apparently distinct subpopulation, comprising about 25% of the cells, and probably present in xid mice, was sensitive to a proliferative signal delivered by LPS, if the cells had first been cultured for 24 h in the presence of a dose of anti-mu that was sufficient to cause cell enlargement. The fraction of B cells responding to LPS in this way was significantly larger than the fraction responding to LPS alone, suggesting that anti-mu is superior to LPS at inducing the G0 to G1 transition. Based on these results we propose a model of the control of B cell growth and proliferation. Anti-Ig antibodies, or epitopes on conventional antigens, combine with and cross link B cell receptors, causing the cells to enter G1 and to develop sensitivity to late G1 stimuli, which determine whether they will then enter S phase. These stimuli are provided either by a high dose of anti-mu or by LPS. These agents may work directly or may stimulate other cells to produce B cell Growth Factor (BCGF) and/or related regulatory molecules which may be the actual late G1 stimuli. Distinct B cell types are sensitive to distinct mechanisms for control of proliferation. A new monoclonal antibody, 14G8, which recognizes only a fraction of B cells (30% in normal mice and about 65% in xid mice), was used to separate B cell subpopulations based on the presence or absence of the cell surface antigen recognized by this antibody. The results suggest that 14G8 expression is negatively correlated with Lyb5 expression, although not absolutely. Indeed 14G8+ B cells respond quite well to anti-mu (32% the cells enter S phase). Since Lyb5- B cells are believed not to proliferate in response to anti-mu, this would suggest that a sizeable fraction of the 14G8+ B cells are also Lyb5+. The 14G8+ and 14G8- B cell subpopulations were found to be functionally distinct in that the former responded very well to LPS, whereas the latter responded very poorly. Models of B cell development based on expression of these membrane antigens are presented. PMID- 6806173 TI - B cell differentiation antigens as probes for functional B cell subsets. AB - In this review I have discussed the serological, biochemical and functional characterization of two differentiation antigens, Lyb3 and Ia. W39, which have the same time distribution; namely, they are selectively expressed on a late maturing subset of B cells (Lyb3 and Ia. W39) and antigen presenting macrophages (Ia. W39, Lyb3?) Antisera against both determinants were raised in xid defective F1 male mice, which were immunized with spleen cells from the normal parent. Lyb3 is an isogenic specificity expressed without allelic forms in all mouse strains, whereas Ia.W39 is a private specificity, encoded by a gene(s) within the I-Ab subregion of the H-2 complex. Interestingly, the xid gene does not control the synthesis of these differentiation antigens, but affects their membrane expression (shown for Ia. W39.) Lyb3 is a polypeptide of 68,000d MW which has a similar IE point in all mouse strains. The molecule bearing Ia. W39 has an identical 2-chain structure (a and beta) and 2-D gel profile as the molecule expressing all the conventional Ia specificities encoded by the I-Ab subregion. However, from the difference in the ontological appearance and the turnover rate and from sequential immunoprecipitation studies we concluded that there are two kinds of glycoproteins containing Aa and Abeta chains; both would express the conventional specificities, and one would, in addition, bear Ia. W39. Functionally, we have defined Lyb3 as a receptor for triggering signals and Ia. W39 as a specific Ir gene epitope. PMID- 6806177 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of cefazolin-exposed Staphylococci and Bacilli by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The phagocytic and microbicidal capacity of proteose peptone-induced macrophages from Balb/c mice was assessed in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis in the presence of a subinhibitory concentration of cefazolin. Enhanced phagocytosis (50-60%) and a similar killing effect (99%) after two hours, incubation was noted towards both test organisms. Electron microscopy showed phagocytic activity on both control and antibiotic-treated strains. Since cefazolin does not penetrate macrophages, the peritoneal cell morphology and ultrastructure were unaffected by the drug. PMID- 6806174 TI - Schistosoma mansoni: fractionation of polysaccharide egg antigens by lectin affinity chromatography. AB - Crude polysaccharide antigen was extracted from Schistosoma mansoni egg homogenate by 44% aqueous phenol. The aqueous soluble polysaccharide extract was subjected to affinity chromatography with concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B. Two fractions (bound and unbound) were obtained; both of them gave precipitin lines with serum obtained from mice infected with S. mansoni. These precipitin lines gave partial identity. Further fractionation with wheat germ agglutinin-sepharose of the unbound fraction resulted in three antigenic fractions. These different antigens were eluted with different N-acetylglucosamine molarities (0, 0.05) and 0.5) and gave lines of identity when reacted against infected mouse serum. When the four antigenic materials were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and stained for proteins and polysaccharides no migration bands were observed. The chemical analysis of the two initial fractions showed a small percentage of amino acids in both fractions. Sugar analysis with gas-liquid chromatography showed different sugar composition of the two initial fractions. PMID- 6806176 TI - Stimulation of monocyte production by an endogenous mediator induced by a component from Listeria monocytogenes. AB - A monocytosis-producing activity (MPA) is present in a saline-extractable material (SE) from Listeria monocytogenes. The mechanism of stimulation of monocyte production by SE was studied. Serum obtained from mice at appropriate times after injection of SE induced monocytosis in normal recipients. The monocytosis-inducing activity present in serum differed from SE with respect to timing of the monocytosis, fractionation pattern on a Sephadex G-200 column, and thermolability. The minimum dose of SE capable of producing a monocytosis was 100 micrograms. Antibody to SE capable of detecting SE at a concentration of greater than 5 micrograms/ml failed to detect SE in samples of active serum. Therefore it seemed highly unlikely that activity in serum was due to the presence of trace amounts of SE. The activity present in serum was thermolabile and had a molecular weight of about 38,000. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that injection of SE caused the production or release of an endogenous mediator capable of stimulating monocytosis. PMID- 6806175 TI - Induction of resistance to tuberculosis in mice with defined components of mycobacteria and with some unrelated materials. AB - Factors contributing to protection against experimental tuberculosis have been studied with refined and well characterized fractions from mycobacteria and with certain unrelated antigens. Mice were vaccinated intravenously with various combinations of materials presented on minute oil droplets in saline emulsions and were later challenged by aerosol. The minimal composition of an effective vaccine was P3 (a trehalose mycolate similar to cord factor) plus an antigen, which could be tuberculoprotein, or a low-molecular-weight tuberculin-active peptide, or unrelated antigen such as bovine serum albumin or bacterial endotoxin. Development of a hypersensitivity granuloma in the lungs appeared to be essential to protection in this laboratory model. PMID- 6806178 TI - Effects of supine versus sitting bedrest upon blood gas tensions, cardiac output, venous admixture and ventilation-perfusion ratio in man after upper abdominal surgery. AB - The effects of body position (sitting versus supine) on respiratory and haemodynamic patterns were evaluated in nine patients who have undergone upper abdominal surgery. Posture showed no significant influence upon arterial blood gas tensions, while in the sitting position mean central venous oxygen tension lowers and arterial-venous oxygen content difference rises. In seated patients cardiac output was notably reduced. Pulmonary gas exchange analysis, according to Riley's method, showed that the sitting position allows a higher alveolar ventilation-pulmonary capillaries perfusion ratio, as well as a lower degree of venous admixture. PMID- 6806179 TI - R-plasmids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6806180 TI - Cell mediated immunity in experimental Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. PMID- 6806181 TI - Endocervical changes in the guinea pig after treatment with 17-beta-estradiol and 9, 10-dimethylbenzanthracene. PMID- 6806183 TI - Leucocyte protein and free alpha-amino nitrogen alterations in children in different grades of protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6806182 TI - Studies of the effect of auranofin, a new antiarthritic agent, on platelet aggregation. AB - Auranofin (AF), at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml, was found to be a potent inhibitor of ADP-, epinephrine-, or collagen-induced platelet aggregation utilizing platelet-rich plasma obtained from human blood. In contrast, aurothioglucose was less effective than AF in inhibiting epinephrine- or collagen induced platelet aggregation. The inhibitory effect of AF was more evident on the second phase of aggregation. The inhibitory effect of AF was more evident on the second phase of aggregation and was a function of drug preincubation time. Compared to platelet-rich plasma, washed platelets were superior for detecting the inhibitory action of AF (greater than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml) on ADP induced platelet aggregation. This potent inhibitory action of AF on ADP-induced platelet aggregation was antagonized by dithioerythriol, a potent reducing agent. These results suggest that AF can inhibit both platelet release and aggregation mechanisms which may be relevant to its antiarthritic activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the cellular mechanism by which AF inhibits platelet aggregation. PMID- 6806185 TI - [Indication and practical aspects of perioperative parenteral nutrition]. AB - By means of the present clinical findings it is demonstrated that an improvement of the preoperative nutritional status goes along with a reduction of the postoperative rates of mortality and complications. The effects of postoperative catabolism compared with chronic protein losses are shown. It is demonstrated that acute catabolism is essentially at the cost of viscerally synthesized and functionally important protein systems whereas chronic states of catabolism mainly affect the structural protein of the overall organism. This differentiation appears to be of importance in selecting the perioperative nutritional treatment. It must be distinguished between a specific protein replacement therapy in cases of acute protein losses and a calorically adequate parenteral nutrition in chronic deficiency states and calorie deficits. On the basis of our own findings these conceptions are illustrated, and practical hints for performing the infusion therapy are given. PMID- 6806184 TI - [Effect of solutions with different amounts of branched-chain amino acids on the plasma amino acid pattern and energy metabolism of surgical intensive care patients]. AB - 30 intensive care surgical patients were investigated over a period of five days following trauma or major surgery. The patients were randomized into two groups. Both collectives received equal amounts of protein (1.0 g amino acids . kg-1 . d 1) and carbohydrate (6,7 g . kg-1 . d-1). Under this infusion regimen the patients of group I received an amino acid solution containing 45% branched-chain amino acids (BCCA), the patients of group II an amino acid solution with a 10% content of BCAAs. After only 24 hrs of infusion, the total amino acid concentration and branched-chain amino acid concentration in the plasma of patients receiving the solutions containing 45% BCAAs already clearly exceeded reference range, and continued increase during the entire investigation period. In those patients receiving the 10% branched-chain amino acid solution, these parameters rapidly returned to normal and then remained within reference range. Cumulative nitrogen balance and nitrogen balance on each day of investigation were significantly less negative in those patients administered the amino acid solution with small amounts of BCAAs. These results seem to indicate that after severe trauma or major surgery amino acid solutions containing high concentrations of BCAAs may be an unphysiological load on the already stressed metabolism, rather than a benefit PMID- 6806186 TI - [Postoperative changes in energy metabolism]. AB - New methods give us a growing insight into energy expenditure and substrate flow in postoperative stress. Better knowledge of pathophysiology may lead to a more reasonable administration of carbohydrate and fat calories. Thus side effects of postoperative nutrition may be prevented. PMID- 6806187 TI - [What is catabolism?]. AB - Disease can be differentiated from health by some stereotype phenomena of which catabolism is one of the most fundamental. It is not only a feature of the postaggression syndrome but also of the pathophysiological activity observed with chronically consuming diseases, including starvation. Any catabolic state ultimately leads to a malnutrition syndrome. Without catabolism the total vegetative switch-over to development of ergotropy as described by Hoff, is inconceivable. Ergotropy fundamentally ensures that emergency situations can be overcome, in other words, ensures survival in spite of risk to vital systems. Due to disturbed regulations, for example risk to vital systems. Due to disturbed regulations, for example induced by secondary diseases, malnutrition syndromes occurring as a result of catabolism will themselves ultimately jeopardize vital systems. Thus, they may become factors determining prognosis. The art of managing such situations is part of the progress currently available to modern-day medicine through the therapeutic device of requirement-adapted nutrition. PMID- 6806189 TI - Morphologic changes of Intralipid 20% liposomes in all-in-one solutions during prolonged storage. AB - Liposomes of Intralipid 20% in four solutions already mixed for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) were studied by means of a transmission electron microscope. Samples of those so-called all-in-one solutions containing all components for TPN in one bottle were taken immediately after the mixing procedure was finished, then after 24 h, 48 h, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month and then monthly up to 6 months afterwards. Storage was carried out for one half at 4 degrees C, for the other at 22 degrees C in darkness. The study showed that liposomes of Intralipid 20% in fresh TPN solutions decreased in their medium diameter from 0.8 to 0.6 micrometers. They carried highly osmiophilic inclusion bodies. Prolonged storage led to further alterations, as change of shape, loss of osmiophility, and lastly formation of liposome ghosts. In solutions kept at 4 degrees C those changes developed between the 1st and 2nd month of storage, whereas storage at 22 degrees C was harmful within 48 h. It is recommended, that already prepared TPN solutions should be kept at 3 degrees C and used as soon as possible, until further studies provide exact guidelines for storage time. PMID- 6806188 TI - [Postoperative amino acid metabolism]. AB - According to literature, anabolism is present in the visceral organs also during stress and early poststress-periods. During early periods of fasting, those enzyme structures of the visceral organs which are of prime importance are being catabolized. Therefore, an adequate nutrition is not only reasonable, but obligatory especially in those patients severely ill. As for the parenteral management of protein nutrition, solutions of L-amino acids (a.a.) are the only types suitable. These solutions should contain at least proportionate quantities of the 8 essential a.a., histidine, arginine, proline, alanine, glutamic acid and glycine with each single a.a. being within the respective physiologic regulation range. Different pattern of the a.a. requirement of adults are being established for different metabolic conditions. These types of a.a. pattern are highly dependent on the alterations of the functional requirement of one or more a.a. For the clinical need of total parenteral nutrition (t.p.n.) of adults, at least 3 types of different compositions of L-a.a. solution should be available: a) a standard a.a. solution (adapted to the physiologic requirement of adults) for long-term t.p.m. b) an a.a. solution with a high E/T-ratio for the t.p.n. of uremic patients (this solution is the one also used for t.p.n. of infants), c) an a.a. solution with high concentrations of branched-chain a.a. for the therapy of portosystemic encephalopathy. The metabolic significant and clinical importance of other special a.a. solutions are discussed. PMID- 6806191 TI - High correlation of the presence of methyladenine in Neisseria gonorrhoeae DNA with the AHU auxotype. AB - Strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested for the presence of methyladenine in the DNA sequence GATC by using the site-specific restriction endonucleases MboI and DpnI. It was found that 43 of 83 strains tested contained methylated DNA. When methylation was compared with the auxotype of the organism, 35 of 35 strains with the AHU (arginine-, hypoxanthine-, and uracil-requiring) auxotype and 8 of 48 strains with other auxotypes contained methyladenine. When the incidence of methylation in strains isolated from patients suffering from disseminated gonococcal infection was compared with that in strains isolated from patients suffering from uncomplicated gonococcal infection, no correlation with methylation and disseminated gonococcal infection was observed. PMID- 6806192 TI - Genetic control of responses to Trypanosoma cruzi in mice: multiple genes influencing parasitemia and survival. AB - Inbred strains of mice can be divided into two groups based on the level of parasitemia which develops after injection with 10(3) trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi (Peru). Strains which developed parasitemias of greater than 10(7) trypomastigotes per ml by day 17, including C3H/HeJ, BALB/c, and CBA/N mice, were termed high parasitemia strains. Low parasitemia strains, including C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice, developed parasitemias of less than 5 x 10(6) trypomastigotes per ml by day 17 of infection. Congenic mice from C57BL/10J, C57BL/6J, and BALB/c backgrounds which differed at the H-2 region were injected with 10(3) trypomastigotes to determine the effect of the H-2 locus on response to infection. The H-2 locus had no effect on the level of parasitemia attained during infection. However, one strain, B10.S (H-2s), was unusual in that most of the mice survived infection. The results of infection of F1 hybrid progeny with T. cruzi (Peru) suggest that the low parasitemia response in inherited in a dominant manner and that survival may be influenced by several other genes. The response to T. cruzi infection in inbred mice, as measured by parasitemia and survival time, was influenced by several genes. One or more genes, located outside the H-2 region, were involved in regulating the level of parasitemia reached during infection. Another H-2-linked gene(s) was involved in survival of the infection and appeared to be unique to the H-2s haplotype. PMID- 6806190 TI - Differences in phagocytosis and killing by alveolar macrophages from humans, rabbits, rats, and hamsters. AB - Phagocytosis and killing by alveolar macrophages from humans, rabbits, rats, and hamsters, were compared in vitro. In the absence of serum opsonins, human alveolar macrophages could phagocytize Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (protein A positive), but not S. aureus EMS (protein A negative) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa MN. In contrast, rabbit, rat, and hamster alveolar macrophages did not phagocytize S. aureus Cowan I or other nonopsonized bacteria. Human alveolar macrophages, but not other species, stained positively with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated protein A. When opsonized bacterial were studied, phagocytosis by human, rabbit, and hamster alveolar macrophages was found to be mediated by both Fc and C3 receptors. However, only Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of bacteria was demonstrated for rat alveolar macrophages. Differences were also found in the kinetics of bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages from different species. Human and rabbit alveolar macrophages rapidly killed opsonized S. aureus Cowan I. However, bacterial killing by hamster alveolar macrophages proceeded at a slower rate, and rat alveolar macrophages completely failed to kill S. aureus. These significant differences in the function of alveolar macrophages from four different species emphasize the need to document the appropriateness of animal models before using them to predict the biological activities of human alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6806196 TI - Susceptibility of radiation chimeras to Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Reciprocal bone marrow transfers were performed with C3H/HeJ mice, which are susceptible to infection with the Brazil strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, and resistant F1 (C3H/HeJ X C57BL/6J) mice. Mice reconstituted after lethal irradiation with syngeneic bone marrow displayed the resistance phenotype of the strain used, but neither C3H mice reconstituted with F1 bone marrow cells nor F1 mice reconstituted with C3H bone marrow cells survived challenge. Resistance to T. cruzi appears to be dependent upon factors associated both with host background and with bone marrow-derived cells. PMID- 6806193 TI - Immunogenicity of type-specific C-mycoside glycopeptidolipids of mycobacteria. AB - Specific rabbit antibodies were obtained from the inoculation of a complex composed of methylated bovine serum albumin and the superficial type-specific C mycoside glycopeptidolipid (GPL) antigens from serovar 20 of the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex. Although the GPLs on their own are serologically active, they require the protein carrier for immunogenicity. Antibodies to the complex were detected by seroagglutination, gel diffusion, and indirect immunofluorescence. Cross-reaction was observed in the case of just one of 16 M. avium-M. intracellulare-M. scrofulaceum complex serovars tested (serovar 41). Double gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis showed two major antigen antibody complexes in the reaction between anti-GPL-methylated bovine serum albumin and the GPL antigens. The studies of migration pattern and absorption indicated that immunoglobulin M was responsible for one of these complexes, whereas the antibody responsible for the second complex was unidentified. The specific anti-GPL serum is a useful tool for the identification and classification of atypical mycobacteria and for the study of the fate of the organisms and their superficies during phagocytosis. PMID- 6806194 TI - Ocular albumin fluorophotometric quantitation of endotoxin-induced vascular permeability. AB - Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) is known to alter systemic vascular permeability, but this effect is difficult to monitor and quantitate in vivo. The ocular vessels of the rabbit are particularly sensitive to LPS. Using a slit lamp equipped with a fluorophotometer, we have adapted a method to quantitate endotoxin-induced ocular vascular permeability by measuring the accumulation of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated albumin into the anterior chamber of the eye. After intravenous administration of Salmonella typhimurim LPS, the anterior chamber fluorescence and blood fluorescence were measured at intervals of 15 min and 1 h, respectively, over 4 h. In controls, maximal fluorescence in the anterior chamber was 3.1 +/- 0.8% of blood fluorescence. Doses of LPS as low as 0.25 mug/kg produced an ocular/serum fluorescence ratio of 17.6 +/- 4.9. A dose of 2.5 mug of LPS per kg tended to produce a higher ratio (68.0 +/- 7.1) than a larger dose of 50 mug/kg (30.5 +/- 16.6). Permeability changes began within 30 min after LPS, and the rate of dye accumulation varied over time, with maximal leakage usually occurring 90 min after LPS, but occasionally occurring much later. Repeated doses produced tolerance. By conjugating albumin to rhodamine and utilizing a second filter with the slit lamp to measure accumulation of this dye, we demonstrated the persistence of marked permeability during a period when intraocular fluorescein isothiocyanate and albumin levels were relatively constant. This methodology indicates that extremely low doses of LPS induce ocular permeability changes and that neither the time course nor the dose response of this effect is linear. Ocular fluorophotometry is a sensitive, noninvasive technique to study the dynamics and pharmacology of LPS-induced permeability changes. PMID- 6806195 TI - Interactions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with human neutrophils: effects of serum and gonococcal opacity on phagocyte killing and chemiluminescence. AB - Serum-sensitive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were incubated with suspensions of normal or chronic granulomatous disease human neutrophils in the absence or presence of fresh or heat-inactivated human serum; phagocytosis, gonococcal viability, and chemiluminescence were measured. Nonpiliated opaque or transparent gonococci (colony types 3 and 4, respectively) were used for phagocytic bactericidal assays. In the presence of 2.0% fresh human serum, normal neutrophils killed >90% of types 3 and 4 gonococci by 135 min. Serum alone at this concentration was not bactericidal. In the absence of serum, type 4 gonococci were not killed, whereas type 3 gonococci were killed to the same degree as in the presence of serum. Interestingly, heat-inactivated normal serum slightly inhibited phagocytic killing of type 3 gonococci. Results almost identical to those above were obtained when 5% fresh human serum deficient in complement component 7 was substituted for 2% normal autologous serum. This indicated that the later components of complement were not involved in the observed results. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for the intracellular killing of the gonococci, we used neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease. These neutrophils are deficient in an activable NADPH oxidase and do not produce bactericidal oxygen products upon phagocytic stimulation. Neutrophils from two unrelated boys with chronic granulomatous disease killed type 3 and 4 gonococci to the same degree as did normal neutrophils. As with normal neutrophils, serum was needed for killing type 4 organisms. As expected, neutrophils from these patients showed absolutely no increased chemiluminescence in the presence of type 3 or 4 gonococci, with or without serum. The effects of serum on gonococcus-induced chemiluminescence by normal neutrophils was also investigated. For these studies, in addition to type 3 and 4 gonococci, we also used transparent colony types of lightly (type 1) and heavily (type 2) piliated organisms. Chemiluminescence induced by type 1, 2, or 3 gonococci (i.e., gonococci possessing either pili or opacity-associated proteins, but not both) was augmented only slightly by serum and then only at low ratios of gonococci to neutrophils. On the other hand, chemiluminescence induced by type 4 gonococci (i.e., gonococci possessing neither pili nor opacity-associated proteins) was substantially increased in the presence of serum. Stimulation of chemiluminescence by type 1, 2, 3, or 4 gonococci was dose dependent in the absence or presence of serum. Heat-killed type 3 gonococci induced chemiluminescence to the same degree as did viable organisms. Since the gonococci used in this research was strongly catalase positive, as are gonococci in general, and since it was killed by chronic granulomatous disease neutrophils, the results indicate that gonococci can be effectively killed within neutrophils, i.e., within phagolysosomes, by nonoxidative bactericidal mechanisms. Whereas type 3 gonococci were phagocytized and killed by neutrophils equally well with or without serum, serum was obligatory for phagocytic killing of type 4 gonococci, i.e., gonococci lacking opacity-associated proteins. In addition, either pili or opacity-associated proteins were apparently necessary for maximal stimulation of neutrophil chemiluminescence. The submaximal stimulation of chemiluminescence by gonococci lacking both pili and opacity-associated proteins, i.e., type 4 gonococci was augmented by low concentrations of nonimmune serum. PMID- 6806198 TI - The Bain anesthesia circuit. PMID- 6806197 TI - Monitoring the safe levels of hypotension. II. Spontaneous breathing. PMID- 6806200 TI - Comparison of [111In]oxine and [111In]Acetylacetone for the labeling of cells: in vivo and in vitro biological testing. PMID- 6806201 TI - Induction or elimination of tumor-specific immunity against a chemically-induced rat tumor using auto-anti-idiotypic immunity. AB - DA rat sarcoma P1 and P2 were induced by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. A tumor specific immune response of DA rats against P1-tumor cells could be demonstrated at the humoral and cellular level. DA anti-P1 antibodies were purified on fixed P1-tumor cells and used as auto-immunogen in DA rats for the production of anti idiotypic antibodies. Such anti-idiotypic antibodies could be demonstrated by using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and by their ability to induce secondary type of DA anti-P1 response in vitro. In addition, such antibodies were able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes capable of eliminating P1-tumor cells but not control tumor cells. In some of the auto-immunized DA rats enhanced P1-tumor growth could be observed, indicating that the anti-idiotypic immune response had led to a selective ablation of idiotypic, potential anti-P1 reactive T cells. PMID- 6806199 TI - Clinical pharmacology of hypotensive agents. PMID- 6806202 TI - Regulation of plasminogen activator secretion in mouse peritoneal macrophages. II. Inhibition by immunomodulators of bacterial origin. AB - Two classes of immunomodulators of bacterial origin, peptidoglycan derivatives and lipopolysaccharides, are able to block in vitro the production of plasminogen activator by elicited macrophages: the release of the enzyme into the medium is inhibited and the intracellular activity reduced. In the case of peptidoglycan derivatives, high molecular weight compounds like WSA (water-soluble adjuvant) are stronger inhibitors than small molecules like MPP (muramyl pentapeptide). MDP (muramyl dipeptide) gives partial inhibition only. WSA (at 100 micrograms/ml) completely inhibits plasminogen activator production; the inhibition is reversible and specific. LPS is active at low concentrations (25-100 ng/ml). At concentrations higher than 50-100 ng/ml the action of LPS becomes irreversible and less specific. Peptidoglycan-derived immunomodulators can inhibit plasminogen activator production in the presence of polymixin B or in the case of macrophages obtained from C3H/HeJ mice; LPS is inactive under such conditions. PMID- 6806203 TI - The effect of some antirheumatic drugs in vivo on the response of spleen cells to concanavalin A in rats with chronic inflammation. AB - During the course of adjuvant arthritis in rats adherent spleen cells inhibited the response of spleen lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). The effects of 14 days treatment with various antirheumatic drugs on spleen cell responsiveness to Con A were investigated. Two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin (1 mg/kg/day p.o.) and acetylsalicylic acid (200 mg/kg/day p.o.) did not modify the spleen cell response, whereas treatment with chloroquine (50 mg/kg/day p.o.) or levamisole (5 mg/kg/day p.o.) further increased the inhibitory effects of the adherent suppressive spleen cells. On the contrary, treatment with sodium aurothiomalate (10 mg/kg/day i.m.), D-penicillamine (50 mg/kg/day p.o.) or pyritinol (50 mg/kg/day p.o.) significantly enhanced the response of the lymphocytes to Con A. In addition to the effects on spleen cell responsiveness, the ability of the various drug treatments to modify the polyarthritic lesions of the disease was investigated. It is suggested that this model may provide a valuable approach for evaluating the effects of antirheumatic drugs in vivo on immunological responsiveness during chronic inflammatory disease. PMID- 6806205 TI - Antibodies to Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus in domestic animals in Iraq: a seroepidemiological survey. AB - A seroepidemiological survey to determine the prevalence of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus and its circulation among animals in Iraq was carried out in 1980. Sera were collected from 2205 animals of different species in three different faunal areas of the country. Sera were tested by complement fixation test for quantitative determination of antibodies to CCHF virus. Among 769 sheep tested 443 (57.6%) were positive; 279 of 562 (49.64%) goat sera; 122 of 411 (29.28%) cattle sera; 148 of 252 (58.73%) horse sera; 23 of 99 (23.23%) camel sera and 5 of 35 (14.28%) sera collected from unclassified small mammals in Iraq have had antibodies to CCHF virus. PMID- 6806204 TI - The effect of inhibitors on the radical formation in aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid. AB - The rate of free radical formation in aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid in the presence of chelating agents was measured by the ESR-stopped-flow method. Addition of ethylenediamine tetraacetate and trimetaphosphoric acid to the ascorbic acid-oxygen system results in only a minimal change in the rate of ascorbate free radical formation compared to that in absence of inhibitors. Evidence suggests that radical formation arises via secondary reactions involving products. PMID- 6806206 TI - Laboratory characteristics of the "Yarmouk" strain of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus. AB - The "Yarmouk" strain of Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus lost 78% and 42% of its infective titers after treatment with ether and chloroform respectively. It lost completely its infectivity property after treatment with sodium deoxycholate. The virus was completely inactivated by heating at 56, 60 and 70 degrees C for 30, 10 and 5 minutes respectively. Neither virus growth nor viral antigen were detected in primary cell cultures of lamb testis, rabbit kidney and chicken embryo fibroloast. The virus grew wit prominant CPE in primary cell culture and cell line of lamb kidney. Experimental inoculation of sheep and goat resulted in viraemia without overt disease. The virus was reisolated from the blood of inoculated animals till the 5th day postinoculation (pi). Seroconversion was observed 2 to 5 weeks pi. Contact control animals were free from antibodies to the virus. PMID- 6806208 TI - Drugs in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6806207 TI - Prostacyclin in physiology and pathophysiology. PMID- 6806209 TI - Do intermolecular association phenomena occur in B. cereus beta-lactamase I? AB - Although at fixed enzyme concentration the hydrolysis of cephaloridine by B. cereus beta-lactamase I followed apparently classical Michaelis-Menten steady state kinetics, the values of kcat and of Km depended linearly, in the absence of added non-enzymatic proteins, on the absolute enzyme concentration. In the presence of gelatin, this dependence was abolished; under these conditions, however, the pseudo-first order kinetic rate constants of inactivation by Zn2+ ions exhibited a direct dependence on enzyme concentration and an inverse one on Zn2+ ions concentration. These results can be interpreted as indicating that intermolecular association phenomena play a role in determining the catalytic properties of the enzyme. PMID- 6806210 TI - Lymphokine-induced macrophage aggregation: studies on the involvement of Mg2+. AB - The divalent cation requirements of lymphokine (LK)-induced macrophage aggregation have been investigated using a quantitative assay. It has been shown that LK-induced aggregation is dependent on exogenous Mg2+ but not Ca2+. By contrast, aggregation induced ty the ionophore A23187 is dependent on exogenous Ca2+ and Mg2+. Furthermore, exogenous Mg2+, at 0.5-5.0 mmol, both mimics the aggregation effects of LK and stimulates LK-induced aggregation. Additionally, both chlorpromazine and trifluoperazine inhibited aggregation indiced by LK, A23187, and exogenous Mg2+. Similarly, prostaglandin (PG)E2 inhibited, and indomethacin (10 micro M) stimulated, aggregation induced by these three agents. These results are discussed in the context of the mode of action of macrophage aggregating factor (MAgF). PMID- 6806213 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute infarction. Part I. PMID- 6806211 TI - Implementation of a computer-assisted medical record system in the family practice office. PMID- 6806214 TI - Errors in bicarbonate concentrations calculated from blood pH and PC02. PMID- 6806212 TI - On the sources of radiation exposure of technologists in a radiotherapy center with high energy x-ray accelerators. PMID- 6806216 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. V. Genetic and cytoplasmic effects on primary non-disjunction and chromosome loss. PMID- 6806217 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. IV. Tests of paternal non disjunction, chromosome loss and X. Y exchange. PMID- 6806218 TI - Randomized trial of conventional versus high fractional dose radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. AB - A prospectively randomized clinical trial was undertaken to compare conventionally fractionated radiation therapy and high fractional dose irradiation in the treatment of advanced, surgically unresectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty-four patients were entered into the study between 1973 and 1979 and were randomized to receive either 200 rad daily to total tumor doses of 6000-7000 rad in 6-7 weeks, or 400 rad daily to a total of approximately 4400 rad in 2-3 weeks. The distribution of patients between the two fractionation schedules was comparable regarding site of the primary tumor, extent of disease, degree of histologic differentiation and performance status. Twenty-nine of 31 (94%) patients in the 200 rad group and 29 of 33 (88%) in the 400 rad group has Stage IV disease. Twenty-six in the former group and 30 in the latter completed radiation therapy as planned. Acute skin and mucosal reactions occurred earlier in patients treated with 400 rad daily, but were of equivalent intensity and well within acceptable levels in both groups. No increase in late adverse effects was seen with high daily doses. Palliation of tumor-related symptoms and extent of tumor control were comparable in the two groups. Actuarial five year disease-free survival rates were approximately 10% in both treatment groups with a mean follow up period of 5 1/2 years. We conclude that high fractional dose irradiation is equivalent to conventionally fractionated radiation therapy in the treatment of advanced head and neck cancer. PMID- 6806220 TI - Analysis of residual disease following preoperative radiotherapy versus initial surgery in endometrial carcinoma. AB - A clinicopathologic study of residual disease following pre-operative radiotherapy (RT) in 67 patients and initial surgery in 40 patients with early invasive endometrial carcinoma is presented. In 10%, extrauterine spread was found at operation. In 10% of patients, the histologic type, and in 19% the grade of tumor, differed between the curettage and hysterectomy specimens. Pre-op RT altered the depth of myometrial invasion and frequency of vascular invasion, but there was no evidence that irradiation itself affected the histologic type or grade of tumor. The patients with residual tumor after pre-op RT had significantly more cancer-related deaths than those without residual disease. The high risk factors were deep myometrial invasion and residual disease outside the uterus. Vascular invasion did not affect the prognosis in this series. The importance of surgical-pathologic staging by initial surgery is discussed. PMID- 6806219 TI - Fifteen year radiotherapy experience with chondrosarcoma of bone. AB - A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with chondrosarcoma of bone treated for cure between 1961 and 1976 using supervoltage radiotherapy and/or neutrons is presented. Radiotherapy was used alone or in combination with other modalities. The 20 patients were divided into four groups: 1) 11 patients who received radiotherapy alone, 2) three patients who received postoperative radiotherapy following less than radical local excision, 3) three patients who received radiotherapy with chemotherapy but without surgery, and 4) three patients who received radiotherapy for tumor recurrent after surgery. Typical tumor doses ranged from 4000 to 7000 rad at 1000 rad/week using parallel-opposed fields. Failure of radiotherapy was indicated by progression of symptoms and increasing tumor size. At 53 months, the average follow-up, the survival rate is 65% (13/20), including one patient with distant metastases, and two patients who developed local recurrent disease after radiotherapy and were surgically salvaged. Seven patients died with uncontrolled local disease; six of them also had distant metastases. Five patients developed severe complications. All four patients treated with a combination of neutron and photon beam alone show no evidence of local failure, compared with only one of the seven patients treated with conventional radiotherapy alone. PMID- 6806222 TI - The value of "routine tests" in the staging evaluation of gynecologic malignancies: a cost effectiveness analysis. AB - The value of tests employed in the clinical staging of patients with carcinomas of the cervix and endometrium has been examined in a retrospective review of 739 consecutive patients seen at Tufts-New England Medical Center. The yield of positive results of the barium enema (0%) and proctosigmoidoscopy (0.8%) in carcinoma of the cervix suggests that some of these studies may be omitted in asymptomatic patients with early disease on pelvic examinations. Similarly, for carcinoma of the endometrium, the yields from barium enema (0.9%) cytoscopy (0.9%) and proctosigmoidoscopy (0.6) are low. It is concluded that optimal patient care (with respect to morbidity and costs) may be provided without routinely performing these studies in staging asymptomatic patients with cervical and endometrial carcinomas. PMID- 6806221 TI - Computed tomography in definitive radiotherapy of prostatic carcinoma, part 2: definition of target volume. AB - Pretreatment computed tomography (CT) scanning of the pelvis was performed in 100 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated with external irradiation (82 patients) or interstitial I125 (18 patients). Treatment plan modifications prompted by CT scan findings were most frequent in patients with (clinical) involvement of the seminal vesicles in whom the conventional treatment planning often resulted in an underestimate of tumor volume. Seventeen of 32 (53%) such patients required an enlargement of treatment fields to adequately encompass the target volume. Using skeletal landmarks as reference, the dimensions of the prostate, seminal vesicles and the detectable tumor and their topographic relationships were systematically tabulated. These measurements provide a basis for the definition of the target volume in patients with carcinoma of the prostate in whom CT scans might not be available. PMID- 6806215 TI - Acute sinusitis in children - results of different therapeutic regimens. AB - The clinical material consisted of 92 children aged 1-15 years with symptoms and signs of acute sinusitis, roentgenologically verified. Sixty-one were treated with penicillin-V, 16 with pivampicillin, and 15 with erythromycin. Decongesting therapy was given to all. Altogether 77 (83.7%) were cured by a single 10-day course of treatment. The initial success rate did not vary with the type of antibiotic used. Children treated with penicillin-V had, however, a high relapse rate with H. influenzae. Because of growth of H. influenzae, 15 patients required 2 or 3 courses of treatment. The study shows that acute sinusitis in children is usually an uncomplicated disease. Almost all children will improve during a single 10-day course of treatment with antibiotics and decongestants provided that the antibiotic chosen is one to which H. influenzae is susceptible. It is therefore stressed that if penicillin-V is used as the drug of choice in acute sinusitis, the dose must be large enough to eradicate H. influenzae. As judged from this study, adenoidectomy and intranasal antrostomy are rarely indicated. PMID- 6806223 TI - Comparative physiological responses to exercise stress. AB - We determined the effect of exhaustive exercise on the acid-base balance, O2 consumption, and cardiac output in dogs and pigs to examine which species was comparable with humans in its physiological response to exercise. We ran 11 dogs and 11 pigs on a motor-driven treadmill at steady-state (heart rate 75% maximum) and exhaustive (maximum heart rate) exercise levels. Measuring heart rate, cardiac output, and aortic pressure via implanted probes we obtained arterial and venous blood samples before, during, and after exercise to determine hematocrit, blood gas tensions, pH, and lactic acid levels. Dogs had a twofold greater work capacity than the pigs, but the dogs could not run at maximal heart rate as long as the pigs did. Although O2 consumption correlated well with cardiac output and total work in both species, dogs were capable of a greater range of values. The acid-base studies showed that exhaustive exercise in the pigs resulted in a severe metabolic acidosis, whereas this did not occur in dogs. Respiratory alkalosis was noted in dogs. This suggested that the supply of O2 to the working muscles of the pig was insufficient to maintain aerobic metabolism. The pigs' responses to exercise conformed to those found by others in the human, suggesting that the pig is a more appropriate model for some exercise studies. PMID- 6806224 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on DL of normal subjects at rest and during exercise. AB - By use of the single-breath diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL) as an index of the pulmonary capillary filling, the effects of 3 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) were studied in eight healthy subjects at rest and during exercise. At rest, NTG induced a significant and persistent decrease of DL when subjects were sitting or supine (60 min of observation) and also when they were in the lateral decubitus or supine with legs up position (30 min of observation). Subjects in the supine positions showed more pronounced percentage decreases in DL than when sitting. In the sitting position 1 mg NTG also induces a decrease of DL. During a moderate upright cycloergometer exercise, NTG also induces a significant decrease of DL; the decrease is smaller and of shorter duration (less than 15 min) than at rest, but it reappears as soon as the exercise is stopped. The decrease of DL may be attributed to an outward shift of blood from the thorax to the periphery or to a redistribution of lung perfusion consequent to changes in pulmonary vascular pressures. PMID- 6806225 TI - Role of the carotid chemoreceptors in regulation of inspiratory onset. AB - We studied the effect of intermittent tidal breaths of CO2-enriched air (3-9% CO2) on the duration of expiratory time (TE) in five trained dogs, before and after (3 dogs) bilateral surgical denervation of the carotid bodies (CBD). During studies the dogs lay quietly, either awake or in nonrapid-eye-movement sleep, and breathed through a cuffed endotracheal tube inserted via a chronic tracheostomy. Studies were conducted during bilateral blockade of the cervical vagus nerves (VB), achieved by circulating cold alcohol through radiators placed around exteriorized vagal skin loops. Prior to CBD, single breaths of CO2 significantly shortened TE and thus advanced the onset of the subsequent inspiration. Further, the decrease in TE induced by the CO2 stimulus was in direct proportion to the inspired CO2 concentration. Thus 3% CO2 shortened TE by 1.82 +/- 0.93 (SD) s, and 9% CO2 by 3.44 +/- 1.53 s. Changes in TE occurred in the absence of associated changes in either tidal volume or inspiratory time. After CBD, test breaths of CO2 failed to shorten TE during VB. We conclude that the carotid bodies have the ability to mediate changes in the timing of inspiratory onset in response to a transient CO2 stimulus. PMID- 6806226 TI - Delayed kinetics of respiratory gas exchange in the transition from prior exercise. AB - The kinetics of oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), and expired ventilation (VE) in the transition from rest or from prior exercise were studied in response to step increases in power output (PO). The data were modeled with a single-component exponential function incorporating a time delay (TD). Each subject exercised on four occasions. Test 1 was an incremental test for determination of ventilatory anaerobic threshold (AT). Step increase tests were rest to 80% of PO at AT (test 2), rest-40% AT (3a), 40-80% AT (3b), rest-40% AT (4a), and 40-120% AT (4b). Respiratory gas exchange was monitored by open-circuit techniques. The VO2 kinetics showed the time constant (tau) to be longer in the transitions from prior exercise [tests 3b and 4b were 60.6 +/- 10.8 (SD) and 79.2 +/- 17.4 s] than from rest (tests 2, 3a, and 4a were 37.8 +/- 7.2, 30.0 +/- 7.8, and 39.6 +/- 17.4 s). The mean response time (MRT = tau + TD) was also longer for these tests. Kinetic analysis for VCO2 showed a tendency for tau to be shorter for the tests from prior exercise, but neither tau nor tau + TD were significantly different between tests. In contrast to VCO2, VE kinetics showed a significantly longer tau + TD for test 3b (P less than 0.05) and test 4b (P less than 0.01). This study has shown the VO2 kinetics to be delayed when a given increment in PO occurred from prior exercise, whether the final PO was below or above the AT. Further, the dissociation of VCO2 and VE kinetics does not support a direct link between these two variables as the sole control factor in exercise hyperpnea. PMID- 6806227 TI - Whatever happened to hemorrhagic septicemia? PMID- 6806228 TI - Effect of low carrier gas flows (50% oxygen/50% nitrous oxide) on inspired oxygen tension in anesthetized dogs. AB - Low carrier gas flows of 50% oxygen/50% nitrous oxide were evaluated with regard to their effect on inspired oxygen (PIO2) and carbon dioxide (PICO2) tension during maintenance inhalational anesthesia in dogs, using a circle-system anesthetic machine. A total flow rate of 15 ml/min/kg was associated with a PIO2 of 230 +/- 25 mm of Hg and a PICO2 of 0.4 +/- 0.4 mm of Hg after 4 hours of methoxyflurane anesthesia. End-tidal carbon dioxide, minute volume ventilation, and ventilation frequency did not change during the 4 hours. Lower total flow rates were associated with collapse of the reservoir bag, or a PIO2 less than 200 mm of Hg, or both. PMID- 6806229 TI - Esophageal diverticulectomy in a horse. PMID- 6806231 TI - Preservation and visualization of actin-containing filaments in the apical zone of cochlear sensory cells. AB - The fine filamentous structure in the apical zone of cochlear sensory cells of the guinea pig was investigated under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) using various fixation methods. The true form of this structure, which is that of a dense core of sensory hairs and cuticular plates containing hair rootlets, has been hitherto unknown because of the selectively destructive effect of ordinary fixatives. We revealed the fine filamentous structure in great detail by fixing the specimens in tannic acid or by the modified glutaraldehyde--osmium fixation method, which can preserve action filaments during the procedures required to prepare the specimen for TEM. The filamentous structure gives the impression of a negatively stained image when prepared in this way. Filaments were packed regularly and tightly into dense cores which projected down deep into the cuticular plate as hair rootlets. Cross-striations were seen at intervals of 360 +/- 28 A along the packed filaments, a distance which is comparable to the periodicity of an actin paracrystal. The overall diameter of each filament was 83 A. In fact, the structure of dense cores and hair rootlets proved to be composed of actin paracrystals, probably containing some regulatory proteins. Cross sectioned actin filaments in the paracrystal were arranged in an extremely regular hexagonal pattern. The characteristic filamentous texture in the cuticular plate was best seen in tissues that were pretreated with EDTA, and then fixed by tannic acid. It is probable that the greater part of the cuticular plate is composed of actin filaments and actin monomers, both containing Ca2+-dependent regulatory proteins. Utilizing the above ultrastructural findings, some functional models of this zone are proposed. PMID- 6806232 TI - Effect of suckling on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone throughout the early postpartum period of beef cows. AB - The objective of this study was to compare pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) throughout the early postpartum period (PP) in beef cows suckling in single calf vs cows which had calves removed at birth. The experiment utilized 48 cows in a 2 X 4 factorial. Main effects studied were suckling status (suckled or nonsuckled) and days PP (d 3, 10, 20 or 30). Covariates studied were pre-treatment concentrations of progesterone (P), estradiol-17 beta (E), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Suckled (S) cows nursed one calf, while nonsuckled (NS) cows had calves removed at birth. Treatment was a single im injection of 100 micrograms GnRH dissolved in saline. Pre-GnRH plasma concentrations of E, P, LH and FSH and post treatment plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were determined at 15 min intervals (-30 to 360 min) in blood samples collected via jugular cannulae. Post-treatment plasma concentrations of P were determined at 6 (n = 23) or 8 (n = 23) days after treatment to monitor ovarian response. Concentrations of E, LH and FSH before GnRH injection did not differ (P greater than .1) between S and NS cows at any PP stage and data were pooled for statistical analyses. Pre-treatment LH, but not FSH, increased (r = .43; P less than .002 (with days PP and concentrations of LH were greater (P less than .05) at 30 d than at 3 d PP. Pre-treatment P was greater (P less than .05) in NS than in S cows on d 30 PP and P was correlated (r = .51; P less than .01) with days PP in NS cows. However, the frequency of cows exhibiting plasma P greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml prior to GnRH was low on all days studied and was similar for both groups. LH release after GnRH was correlated with increasing days PP in both S (r = .73; P less than .001) and NS (r = .61; P less than .002) cows, Releasable FSH was not related to days PP in either group. Mean peak LH and total LH released were greater (P less than .025 and P less than .05), respectively) in S than in NS cows at 30 d PP. Mean peak FSH and total FSH released were greater (P less than .05 and P less than .07, respectively) at 10 and 30 d PP in S cows than in NS cows. Pre-treatment E, but no P, LH or FSH was positively related (P less than .01) to GnRH-mediated LH release in both groups. When pre-treatment E was partitioned into separated regressions for S (ES) and NS (ENS) cows, increased pituitary LH response in S cows on d 30 appeared to be due in part to a greater sensitivity of S cows to E modulation. We found no evidence to suggest that pituitary responsiveness per se is decreased in beef cows suckling a single calf. PMID- 6806230 TI - Tracheal mast cell tumor in a dog. PMID- 6806233 TI - Interaction of estradiol and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on follicle stimulating hormone release in cattle. AB - To study the mechanism by which estradiol induces a preovulatory surge of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), we concluded experiments designed to determine: (1) the time course of change in luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-induced FSH release after estradiol in vivo, and (2) whether LHRH is required to trigger the FSH surge. Steers were given 1 microgram LHRH at 20-min intervals for 10 h, beginning 2, 8, 12 or 20 h after estradiol. During this period, serum samples were collected every 2 h (just before every sixth injection). The magnitude of LHRH-induced FSH release from baseline to peak was 40 ng/ml in oil-treated controls and increased (P less than .05) to 77 ng/ml when estradiol was given 2 h earlier. When LHRH was given starting at 8, 12 or 20 h after estradiol, the FSH response to LHRH was further augmented (P less than .001) so that the increment from baseline was about 150 ng/ml. To determine whether estradiol alters LHRH-induced FSH release in ovariectomized (ovx) cows as it does in steers, we gave ovx cows 1 microgram LHRH every 20 min beginning 2 or 8 h after estradiol. Serum samples were collected every 80 min (just before every fourth injection). When LHRH treatment began 2 h after estradiol, LHRH-induced FSH release was blocked (P less than .025) at 80 min after LHRH, but increased thereafter. When LHRH was given starting at 8 h after estradiol, concentrations of FSH increased 156 ng/ml above baseline. This release of FSH exceeded (P less than .001) the comparable value for cows given LHRH after oil (37 ng/ml). Furthermore, the LHRH-induced FSH release initiated 8 h after estradiol resembled the preovulatory and estradiol-induced FSH surges in magnitude (greater than 180 ng/ml), duration (8 to 10 h) and general shape. These results demonstrate that estradiol initially inhibits, then augments the capacity of the pituitary to secrete FSH in response to LHRH stimuli. The pituitary attains peak sensitivity long before the expected surge. Thus, we hypothesize that increased LHRH secretion triggers the FSH surge. PMID- 6806235 TI - Penetration of SQ 26,776, a new monobactam antibiotic, into Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6806236 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum]. PMID- 6806234 TI - Induced corpora lutea in the postpartum beef cow. II. Effects of treatment with progestogen and gonadotropins. AB - Seventy-three multiparous beef cows (21 to 35 d postpartum) were used in an experiment with a 2 X 4 factorial design to test the effects of pretreatment with norgestomet and preovulatory gonadotropic stimulation on the life span of corpora lutea induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Cows were implanted subcutaneously for 9 d with norgestomet (3 mg; 35 cows) or sham-implanted (38 cows). HCG (1,000 IU) was administered in to all cows 36 h (time = 0) after implant removal. Each cow received one of the following treatments: (1) pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG; 750 IU) in a single subcutaneous injection 48 h prior to hCG (-48 h); (2) follicle stimulation hormone (FHS-P) in saline (10 mg) in a series of four subcutaneous injections (2.5 mg/injection) at -48, -36, -24 and -12 h; (3) FSH-P in 5% beeswax-sesame oil (10 mg) administered as in 2; or (4) saline, administered as in 2. Samples of serum taken at the time of implantation, at the time of implant removal and daily on d 5 to 20 after administration of hCG were assayed for progesterone. Samples taken at 12-h intervals from -48 to +12 h were assayed for estradiol-17 beta. Cows were observed for estrus at 6-h intervals from 24 to 60 h after implant removal and twice daily until d 22. Seventy-one percent of the cows (25/35) were in standing estrus from 29 to 60 h after removal of a norgestomet implant, compared to 16% of the sham-implanted cows (six of 38). As determined by progesterone in serum and by palpation of the ovaries, 88% of the cows (64/73) formed corpora lutea in response to hCG, with a tendency (P less than or equal to .10) for a positive effect of pretreatment with norgestomet (94 vs 82%). The life span of corpora lutea was longer (P less than or equal to .01) in cows treated with norgestomet (19.6 d) than in sham-implanted cows (13.4 d). Level of function of the induced corpora lutea as indicated by the pattern of daily concentrations of progesterone in serum was increased by pretreatment with either norgestomet (P less than .01) or gonadotropin (P less than .05), but there was no interaction of these treatments. The mean level of estrogen before ovulation was increased (P less than .01) by pretreatment with norgestomet or any regimen of gonadotropin, and, again, there was no significant interaction. Pretreatment with progestogen was associated with a higher pattern of concentration of estrogen over time (P less than .01). PMID- 6806237 TI - Phosphorylation and methylation of proteins during Myxococcus xanthus spore formation. AB - Post-translational modification of proteins was examined during the life cycle of Myxococcus xanthus. A specific pattern of protein phosphorylation was observed in vegetative cells. When spore formation was induced by glycerol, significant changes in the pattern of protein phosphorylation were observed, including the phosphorylation of two membrane proteins. In in vitro experiments, the same membrane proteins were phosphorylated by ATP when the membrane preparation from cells treated with glycerol was used. Changes in the pattern of protein methylation were also observed during spore formation induced by glycerol or fruiting body formation. These results suggest that post-translational protein modification may be required for spore formation or fruiting body formation. PMID- 6806239 TI - Detection of a gonococcal endo-beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase and its peptidoglycan cleavage site. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae contains several hydrolases which may be responsible for gonococcal cell lysis. One of these enzymes, an endo-beta-N-acetyl-D glucosaminidase, has been extracted from supernatants of sonicated gonococci and partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and affinity and ion exchange chromatography. This enzyme has a different specificity than egg white lysozyme and cleaves the beta 1 leads to 4 glycosidic linkage between N acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in gonococcal peptidoglycan. PMID- 6806238 TI - Properties of dissimilatory nitrate reductase purified from the denitrifier Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Dissimilatory nitrate reductase was purified to homogeneity from anaerobic cultures of the denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The following procedures were used in the rapid isolation of this unstable enzyme: induction by nitrate in semianaerobic cell suspension, heat-stimulated activation and solubilization from the membrane fraction, and purification by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated by nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, sucrose density gradient sedimentation, and gel filtration chromatography. Subunit molecular weights were estimated by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. The active enzyme monomer, with a molecular weight of 176,000 to 260,000 (depending upon the method of determination), was composed of subunits with molecular weights of approximately 64,000 and 118,000. The monomer aggregated to form an inactive tetramer of about 800,000 molecular weight. Purified enzyme exhibited a broad pH optimum, between 6.5 and 7.5. Kinetic studies showed that the apparent Km was 0.30 mM for nitrate, and 2.2 to 2.9 microM for dithionite-reduced benzyl viologen. Azide was an effective inhibitor: the concentration required for half-maximal inhibition was 21 to 24 microM. Azide inhibition was competitive with nitrate (Ki = 2.0 microM) but uncompetitive with reduced benzyl viologen (Ki = 25 microM). Based upon spectral evidence, the purified molybdo-enzyme had no associated cytochromes but did contain nonhaem iron that responded to dithionite reduction and nitrate oxidation. The enzyme that was purified after being heat solubilized from membranes had properties essentially identical to those of the enzyme that was purified after deoxycholate solubilization. PMID- 6806240 TI - Amino acid uptake and energy coupling dependent on photosynthesis in Anacystis nidulans. AB - The photoautotrophic cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans was used to investigate the membrane transport of branched-chain, neutral amino acids and its dependence on photosynthetic reactions. The uptake of alpha-amino [1-14C]isobutyric acid and L-[1-14C]leucine followed Michaelis, Menten kinetics and resulted in an energy dependent accumulation. As in bacteria, different uptake systems for neutral amino acids were present: two DAG (D-alanine, aminoisobutyric acid, and glycine) systems responsible for uptake of alpha-amino [1-14C]isobutyric acid, and one LIV (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) system, responsible for uptake of leucine. The low-affinity DAG system seemed to be dependent on the presence of Na+ ions. Uptake was enhanced by white light and by monochromatic light of 630 nm. In far red light (717 nm) with and without nitrogen flushing, considerable uptake dependent on light intensity and inhibition by dibromothymoquinone and by high concentrations of KCN were observed. Therefore, the energy generated by photosystem I reactions only could perform this membrane transport. The proton translocator carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and N,N dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as an ATPase inhibitor reduced amino acid uptake to a high degree. A pH dependence of aminoisobutyric acid and leucine uptake was obvious, with a maximum at pH 6 to 7 and some at a pH as high as 9.5. At higher pH, increasing concentrations of Na+ K+ and also of triphenylmethylphosphonium ions inhibited the transport of aminoisobutyric acid. These findings are consistent with the assumption that ATP from photosynthetic reactions drives a membrane-bound proton-translocating ATPase producing a proton motive force, consisting at higher pH chiefly in a delta psi amount, which promotes a secondary active H+ or Na+/amino acid symport carrier. PMID- 6806241 TI - Active transport of ferric schizokinen in Anabaena sp. AB - The cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain ATCC 27898 was found to utilize the siderophore schizokinen to accumulate iron from the environment. This organism had previously been shown to produce schizokinen under low-iron conditions, and we observed that the iron-transport capability is also increased in response to iron limitation. Uptake activity was specific for ferric schizokinen displayed kinetics typical of a protein-mediated process with an apparent Km of 0.04 microM and saturation at high concentrations of substrate. Light-driven transport was blocked by uncouplers and by ATPase inhibitors. Transport in dark-adapted cells was additionally blocked by inhibitors of respiration. We conclude that ATP serves as an energy source for the cellular uptake of ferric schizokinen. PMID- 6806245 TI - Dynamics of Bacillus subtilis helical macrofiber morphogenesis: writhing, folding, close packing, and contraction. AB - Helical Bacillus subtilis macrofibers are highly ordered structures consisting of individual cells packed in a geometry remarkably similar to that found in helically twisted yarns (G. A. Carnaby, in J. W. S. Hearle et al., ed., The Mechanics of Flexible Fibre Assemblies, p. 99-112, 1980; N. H. Mendelson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75:2478-2482, 1978). The growth and formation of macrofibers were studied with time-lapse microscopy methods. The basic growth mode consisted of fiber elongation, folding, and the helical wrapping together of the folded portion into a tight helical fiber. This sequence was reiterated at both ends of the structure, resulting in terminal loops. Macrofiber growth was accompanied by the helical turning of the structure along its long axis. Right handed structures turned clockwise and left-handed ones turned counterclockwise when viewed along the length of a fiber looking toward a loop end. Helical turning forced the individual cellular filaments into a close-packing arrangement during growth. Tension was evident within the structures and they writhed as they elongated. Tension was relieved by folding, which occurred when writhing became so violent that the structure touched itself, forming a loop. When the multistranded structure produced by repeated folding cycles became too rigid for additional folding, the morphogenesis of a ball-like structure began. The dynamics of helical macrofiber formation was interpreted in terms of stress strain deformations. In view of the similarities between macrofiber structures and those found in multifilament yarns and cables, the physics of helical macrofiber structure and also growth may be suitable for analysis developed in these fields concerning the mechanics of flexible fiber assemblies (C. P. Buckley; J. W. S. Hearle; and J. J. Thwaites, in J. W. S. Hearle et al., ed., The Mechanics of Flexible Fibre Assemblies, p. 1-97, 1980). PMID- 6806244 TI - Influence of phosphate supply on teichoic acid and teichuronic acid content of Bacillus subtilis cell walls. AB - Bacillus subtilis 168 was grown in chemostat culture in fully defined media containing a constant concentration of magnesium and concentrations of phosphate that varied from those giving phosphate-limited growth to those in which phosphate was present in excess and magnesium was limiting. Phosphate-limited bacteria were deficient in wall teichoic acid and contained less than half as much cellular phosphate as did bacteria grown in excess of phosphate. Approximately 70% of the additional phosphate in the latter bacteria was present as wall teichoic acid, indicating that the ability of the bacteria to discontinue teichoic acid synthesis when grown under phosphate limitation permits a substantial increase in their growth yield. Since not all of the additional phosphate is present as wall teichoic acid other cellular phosphates may also be present in reduced amounts in the phosphate-limited bacteria. The content of phosphate groups in walls of magnesium-limited bacteria was similar to the content of uronic acid groups in walls of phosphate-limited bacteria, and walls of bacteria grown in media of intermediate composition contained intermediate proportions of the two anionic polymers. Phage SP50, used as a marker for the presence of teichoic acid, bound densely to nearly all of the bacteria in samples containing down to 22% of the maximum content of teichoic acid. Apparently, therefore, nearly all of these bacteria contain teichoic acid, and the population does not consist of a mixture of individuals having exclusively one kind of anionic polymer. Bacteria containing less than 22% of the maximum content of teichoic bound in a nonuniform manner, and possible explanations for this are discussed. PMID- 6806246 TI - Inversion of helix orientation in Bacillus subtilis macrofibers. AB - The ability of helical macrofibers of Bacillus subtilis to convert from left- to right-handed structures or vice versa has been known to be controlled by the nutritional environment (N. H. Mendelson, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 75:2478 2482, 1978). lyt mutants (Ni15, FJ3, FJ6, and FJ7) and also lyt phenocopies of wild-type strain FJ8 were able to undergo helix hand inversion as a function of temperature. The transition between right- and left-handed structures was in a very narrow range (about 2.5 degrees C) in the low to mid-40 degrees C. The helix orientation of these strains was also influenced by the concentration of divalent ions. Macrofiber handedness is governed, therefore, by at least four factors: genetic composition, temperature, and nutritional and ionic environments. Conditions normally used for growth fall, within this matrix, in the region favoring right-handed structures. Inhibition studies suggest that cell growth must occur for helix hand inversion. PMID- 6806242 TI - Arginine and pyrimidine biosynthetic defects in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated from patients. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with nutritional requirements that include arginine (Arg-), uracil (Ura-), and hypoxanthine have attracted attention because of their tendency to cause disseminated infections, as a basis for genetic studies of arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis, we examined the activities of four enzymes of these pathways in cell-free extracts of both prototrophic and Arg- Ura- strains. Activities of glutamate acetyltransferase, aspartate transcarbamylase, and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, encoded respectively by argE, pyrB, and pyrE, were absent in some Arg- Ura- isolates. Gonococci that were unable to utilize ornithine for growth in place of citrulline lacked activity of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (encoded by car). Defects of car imposed requirements for both citrulline (or arginine) and a pyrimidine because of the dual role of carbamyl phosphate in the two pathways. Defects of argE, car, pyrB, and pyrE were separately introduced by genetic transformation into representatives of a gonococcal strain which initially was prototrophic. Results of enzyme assays of these isogenic auxotrophic transformants confirmed the gene-enzyme relationships. PMID- 6806247 TI - Clockwise and counterclockwise pinwheel colony morphologies of Bacillus subtilis are correlated with the helix hand of the strain. AB - Helical macrofiber-producing strains of Bacillus subtilis grown on fresh complex medium semisolid surfaces formed "pinwheel"-shaped colonies. Clockwise pinwheel projections arose from colonies of strains that produce right-handed helical macrofibers in fluid cultures. Most strains able to make left-handed helical macrofibers in fluid grew as disorganized wavy colonies without directed projections. A phage-resistant left-handed mutant was found that produces very tight colonies with pinwheel projections that lie counterclockwise relative to the colony. The pinwheel colony morphology is interpreted therefore in terms of the cell surface organization and helical growth. PMID- 6806249 TI - Glycerol-utilizing mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. AB - The isolation and study of glycerol-utilizing mutants of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata indicated that the wild-type organism has genes capable of coding for the catabolism of glycerol but is unable to express them. Furthermore, the genetic lesion in the original glycerol-utilizing mutant, L1, occurred very close to these genes. PMID- 6806248 TI - Fruiting body morphogenesis in submerged cultures of Myxococcus xanthus. AB - Induced by starvation, the development of fruiting bodies by Myxococcus xanthus on glass and plastic surfaces under a layer of liquid was followed microscopically. Calcium ions and a neutral pH were required for development of a Myxococcus strain that grew dispersed in liquid culture. Initially asymmetric aggregates later became round, and sporulation followed aggregation. PMID- 6806243 TI - 13N isotope studies on the pathway of ammonia assimilation in Bacillus megaterium and Escherichia coli. AB - The pathway of ammonia incorporation into amino acids was studied by use of 13N ammonium ions in Bacillus megaterium and Escherichia coli that had been grown aerobically on a minimal salts medium containing NH4Cl as the source of nitrogen. Anion- and cation-exchange high-pressure-liquid chromatography was used to separate amino acids relevant to the several possible pathways for ammonia assimilation in bacteria. At an initial concentration of added NH4+ of 1 microM, the glutamine synthetase-glutamate synthase pathway represented the major pathway in both bacteria on the basis of the effects of inhibitors of that pathway (L methionine-DL-sulfoximine and azaserine) and of transamination (aminooxy-acetate) and the observation that the specific activity of glutamine was greater initially than that of any other amino acid likely to be the first product of an assimilation pathway. The study provides (i) a new analytical method for 13N tracer investigation of amino acids, (ii) confirmation of conclusions from enzymological studies on the pathway of ammonia assimilation in B. megaterium and E. coli, and (iii) proof that alanine dehydrogenase and aspartate ammonia lyase (aspartase) are not important pathways in B. megaterium at low NH4+ concentrations. PMID- 6806250 TI - Levels of enzymes involved in the synthesis of acetate from CO2 in Clostridium thermoautotrophicum. AB - The acetogenic bacterium Clostridium thermoautotrophicum, grown on methanol, glucose, or CO2-H2, contained high levels of corrinoids, formate dehydrogenase, tetrahydrofolate enzymes, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, and hydrogenase. Cell free extracts catalyzed pyruvate-dependent formation of acetate from methyltetrahydrofolate. These results suggest that C. thermoautotrophicum synthesizes acetate from CO2 via a formate-tetrahydrofolate-corrinoid pathway. PMID- 6806251 TI - RNA polymerase of Myxococcus xanthus: purification and selective transcription in vitro with bacteriophage templates. AB - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from vegetative cells of the gram-negative, fruiting bacterium Myxococcus xanthus was purified more than 300-fold by a modified Burgess procedure (Lowe et al., Biochemistry 18:1344-1352, 1979), using Polymin P precipitation, 40 to 65% saturated ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation, double-stranded DNA cellulose chromatography, A5m gel filtration chromatography, and single-stranded DNA agarose chromatography. The last step separated the RNA polymerase into a core fraction and an enriched holoenzyme fraction. The core enzyme showed a subunit structure similar to that of the Escherichia coli polymerase, as follows: beta' and beta (145,000 and 140,000 daltons, respectively) and alpha (38,000 daltons). A comparison of the core enzyme and the holoenzyme implicated two polypeptides as possible sigma subunits. These polypeptides were closely related, as indicated by peptide analysis. M. xanthus RNA polymerase was capable of transcribing DNAs from E. coli phages T7, T4, and lambda, Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29, and M. xanthus phages Mx1, Mx4, and Mx8. Transcription of T7 and phi 29 DNAs was stimulated by KCl, whereas transcription of Mx1, Mx4, and Mx8 DNAs was inhibited by KCl. Magnesium ion dependence, rifampin and heparin sensitivities, and spermidine stimulation of M. xanthus RNA polymerase activity were similar to those found with E. coli RNA polymerase. The pH optimum of M. xanthus RNA polymerase activity was more basic than that of E. coli polymerase. M. xanthus RNA polymerase was capable of selective transcription in vitro when DNAs from phages T7 delta 111, phi 29, and Mx1 were used. The molecular weights of the resulting phage RNA transcripts made by M. xanthus RNA polymerase (as determined by agarose-acrylamide slab gel electrophoresis) were the same as the molecular weights of the transcripts synthesized by E. coli RNA polymerase. No discrete transcripts were detected as the in vitro RNA products of M. xanthus phage Mx4 and Mx8 DNA transcription. Southern transcript synthesized by M. xanthus RNA polymerase. Three transcripts (transcripts A, B, and C; molecular weights, 2.55 X 10(6), 1.95 X 10(6), and 1.56 X 10(6), respectively) were identified as in vitro RNA products of M. xanthus phage Mx1 DNA transcription when either E. coli or M. xanthus RNA polymerase was used. A Southern blot hybridization analysis indicated that the E. coli RNA polymerase and the M. xanthus RNA polymerase transcribe common SalI restriction fragments of Mx1 DNA. PMID- 6806252 TI - Persistent dysarthria with apraxia associated with a combination of lithium carbonate and haloperidol. AB - Reported is a 19-year-old manic-depressive patient who developed persistent dysarthria with coexisting apraxia while on a combination of high dose haloperidol and lithium carbonate. The speech disability occurred as a solitary symptom in a patient with normal serum lithium levels and no other signs or symptoms of lithium toxicity and persisted after lithium was discontinued and the neuroleptic changed. There were several factors which favored an association between the speech disability and the drug therapy. These included improvement during a drug-free trial: the absence of a prior history of a speech problem; the patient's marked psychotic state and anxiety: and the high dosage of haloperidol. PMID- 6806255 TI - Protein kinase activation of phospholipase A2 in sonicates of mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Mouse peritoneal macrophages have a phospholipase A2 activity which is optimally active at pH 8.5 (PLA8.5), requires 2 mM Ca2+ and is capable of hydrolyzing arachidonic acid from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. The specific activity of PLA8.5 can be greatly increased in macrophage sonicates by their incubation at 37 degrees C. This augmentation of PLA8.5 activity occurs maximally at pH 7.5, requires Ca2+, and is inhibited by ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N',-tetraacetic acid and EDTA. The sulfhydryl-specific reagents N-ethylmaleimide and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate inhibit PLA8.5 activation but have no effect on the fully activated PLA8.5 enzyme itself. PLA8.5 activation is also augmented by ATP and is inhibited by pretreatment of the sonicates with ATPase and by beta-gamma-methylene ATP. The addition of the catalytic subunit of bovine heart cAMP-dependent protein kinase to macrophage sonicates in the presence of 1 mM reduced glutathione augments PLA8.5 activation. These data suggest that a protein kinase may be involved in the activation of PLA8.5 in mouse macrophage sonicates. PMID- 6806253 TI - Clonidine suppression of noradrenergic hyperactivity during morphine withdrawal by clonidine: biochemical studies in rodents and primates. AB - In rodents, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal of morphine-dependent animals causes an increase in NE turnover and MHPG accumulation in certain regions of the brain. This increase in NE turnover and MHPG accumulation is suppressed by clonidine to a dose-dependent degree via a naloxone-insensitive mechanism. In general, drugs which have been shown by electrophysiological studies to cause changes in the activity of NE neurons in the locus coeruleus also alter the brain levels of MHPG. These studies suggest that the brain levels of MHPG may be used as a biochemical measure of alterations of impulse flow in NE neurons of the locus coeruleus. In morphine-dependent vervet monkeys, administration of naloxone or naltrexone causes an increase in the brain levels of MHPG. The increase in MHPG observed during withdrawal is suppressed by clonidine. Brain levels of MHPG measured in both drug-treated and control monkeys correlate significantly with plasma and CSF measures of MHPG. These observations suggest that under controlled conditions plasma MHPG can provide a reasonable measure of brain NE metabolism in primates. Pilot data from clinical studies taken together with the more direct observations made in non-human primates are consistent with the hypothesis that in humans brain NE systems become hyperactive during opiate withdrawal and that this hyperactivity of NE systems is suppressed by clonidine. PMID- 6806254 TI - Does subclinical hypothyroidism predispose to tricyclic-induced rapid mood cycles? AB - A 24-year-old woman with a unipolar depression had an augmented thyroid stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), suggesting subclinical hypothyroidism. Desipramine produced rapid cycling between depression and hypomania. After discontinuation of the desipramine she was successfully treated with lithium and thyroid hormone replacement. We discuss the possible role of hypothyroidism in the etiology of tricyclic-induced rapid mood cycling, and suggest that the TRH test may help identify depressed patients predisposed to rapid mood cycling on tricyclics. The possibility that such patients respond to lithium and/or thyroid hormone replacement needs to be further investigated. PMID- 6806256 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in mitochondria from rat liver. AB - An 18O exchange method has been used to determine the location of carbonic anhydrase in mitochondria from rat liver and to examine the role of this enzyme in the kinetics of CO2 in resting and respiring mitochondria. Using digitonin subfractionation, we have determined that a substantial fraction, 40 to 60%, of the carbonic anhydrase activity in the mitochondrion from rat liver is located in the space between the inner and outer membranes; the remaining activity was found in the matrix with no detectable activity in the sedimented membranes. The total catalytic CO2 hydration activity measured in intact mitochondria from rat liver was about 1% of that found in an equal volume of rat erythrocytes. The apparent permeability constant representing the barrier for the diffusion of HCO3(-) from external solution to intramitochondrial carbonic anhydrase, 9 X 10(-5) cm s-1, is near in magnitude to the permeability constant for the diffusion of HCO3(-) across the rat erythrocyte membrane, 4 X 10(-4) cm s-2. Calcium-induced respiratory jumps were shown to cause changes in the rate of 18O exchange between CO2 and H2O that were consistent with a net uptake of CO2 by the mitochondria. PMID- 6806258 TI - Preliminary crystallographic investigation of the protein toxin from corynebacterium diphtheriae. AB - Crystals of diphtheria toxin have been obtained in vapor diffusion experiments from concentrated solutions of potassium tartrate as the precipitating agent. The crystals are trigonal with unit cell dimensions a = b = 97.90 A and c = 100.30 A. The space group is P31 12 or its enantiomorph. The unit cell contains 6 molecules of molecular weight 62,000 with 1 molecule/asymmetric unit. The crystals diffract beyond 2.8 A resolution and are able to withstand more than 100 h of x-ray exposure. The complete structure analysis is in progress. PMID- 6806257 TI - Evidence that galactosyltransferase is a surface receptor for poly(N) acetyllactosamine glycoconjugates on embryonal carcinoma cells. AB - Cell surface glycosyltransferases are thought to participate in a variety of cellular interactions, but their specific glycoside acceptors have received little attention. In this paper, poly(N)-acetyllactosamine glycoconjugates are shown to be the endogenous substrates for embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell surface galactosyltransferases. All controls have been performed to ensure a surface localization for the galactosyltransferase activity. The galactosylated product(s) is relatively insoluble in organic solvents, is larger than conventional glycopeptides following pronase digestion, and is highly sensitive to endo-beta-galactosidase degradation. Solubilized polylactosaminyl glycoconjugates serve as competitive exogenous acceptors for the surface galactosyltransferase. In addition, the endogenous galactosyl acceptor(s) reacts with antiserum directed against EC cell poly(N)-acetyllactosamines. Anti-EC antiserum inhibits galactosylation of endogenous acceptors, simultaneously stimulates galactosylation of an exogenous acceptor, and immunoprecipitates 74% of the reaction product. Differentiated EC cells no longer react with anti-EC antiserum and no longer show anti-EC antiserum effects on surface galactosyltransferase activity. Interestingly, forced galactosylation with UDPGal releases polylactosaminyl substrates from the cell surface. In the absence of UDPGal, glycoconjugate release is dramatically reduced. GDPMan cannot substitute for UDPGal, and a galactosyltransferase inhibitor prevents glycoside release from the cell surface. Thus, surface galactosyltransferase preferentially binds poly(N)-acetyllactosamine glycoconjugates and serves as at least one of their surface receptors on EC cells. PMID- 6806259 TI - Cell binding fragments from a sponge proteoglycan-like aggregation factor. AB - The marine sponge Microciona prolifera aggregation factor (MAF) is a 2 X 10(7) dalton proteoglycan. MAF mediates species-specific cell-cell recognition through two functionally different sites: a Ca2+-independent species-specific cell binding site and a Ca2+-dependent MAF-MAF binding site. Dissociation procedures combined with protease treatment were used to produce cell-binding pieces from the large complex. The seven different sized fragments produced were all uronic acid-rich glycoproteins of the apparent molecular weights: 15 X 10(6), 2.5 X 10(5), 1.2 X 10(5), 7 X 10(4), 2.7 X 10(4), 5 X 10(3), and 3.6 X 10(3). Each of the fragments retained species-specific binding to Microciona cells and was also capable of inhibiting MAF-promoted cell aggregation. However, the fragments were unable to bind to MAF-conjugated agarose beads in the presence or absence of CA2+ ions. These three properties are those expected for the cell binding site of MAF. Since the binding affinity decreased linearly with decreasing molecular weight of the fragments, we believe that the cell binding sites in MAF may be highly polyvalent, although to fully support such a concept, a detailed chemical characterization of each of the fragments is needed. A high valency of cell binding sites would overcome a relatively low Ka for the single site and would thereby not only guarantee specificity but also explain the need for the large size of the proteoglycan complex found to mediate species-specific sponge aggregation. PMID- 6806260 TI - Oxidation of phenidone and BW755C by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. AB - 1-Phenyl-3-pyrazolidone (phenidone) and 3-amino-1-(m-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)-2 pyrazoline (BW755C) are oxidized by the hydroperoxidase component of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase and by horseradish peroxidase. The initial oxidation products are radical cations which exhibit visible absorption maxima at 514, 490, and 472 nm (phenidone) and 535, 500, and 488 nm (BW755C). The radical cation of phenidone can be detected by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy as a complex multiline signal centered at g = 2.0039. In addition to being oxidized by peroxidases both compounds are cofactors for the reduction of 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13-eicosatetraenoic acid to 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid by the hydroperoxidase activity of purified and hematin reconstituted prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase. As a consequence of their oxidation by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase, phenidone and BW755C inhibit the hydroperoxide-dependent oxidation of phenylbutazone, luminol, diphenylisobenzofuran, epinephrine, and guaiacol by ram seminal vesicle microsomes. The inhibition of phenylbutazone oxidation is competitive and exhibits Ki values of 16 microM (BW755C) and 45 microM (phenidone). BW755C and phenidone stimulate prostaglandin biosynthesis by purified and reconstituted prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase at concentrations up to 100 microM but inhibit at higher concentrations (I50 values approximately 210 microM and 1180 microM, respectively). The ability of phenidone and BW755C to act as peroxidase reducing cofactors or radical scavengers may contribute to their observed biochemical and pharmacological effects. PMID- 6806261 TI - Mechanisms of ligand binding by monoclonal anti-fluorescyl antibodies. AB - Binding of fluorescyl ligand by five IgG anti-fluorescyl hybridoma proteins (4-4 20, 6-10-6, 20-4-4, 20-19-=1, 20-20-3) was examined. Relative reduction in fluorescence of bound fluorescein, deuterium oxide (D2O)-induced enhancement of fluorescence, and the effects of pH on binding kinetics were measured for each clone. Individual hybridoma proteins (all of which bind fluorescein with relatively high affinity) exhibited significant differences in the relative contribution of various forces (hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions) to binding and hence, affinity. The extent of such variations in binding mechanisms among monoclonal antibodies binding the same hapten is indicative of the extreme functional diversity of active sites. In addition, ligand binding by clone 20-20-3 was examined in greater detail. ABsorption spectra of ligand bound by purified intact antibody, Fab fragments, and reassociated heavy and light chains indicated that protonation of the fluorescyl ligand by a residue within the active site contributed significantly to the binding free energy. Comparative dissociation rates of fluorescein and a structural analog, rhodamine 110, were used to quantitatively substantiate the contribution of this interaction. Association and dissociation rate studies with fluorescein and antibody indicated that: 1) the active site appeared to undergo a conformational change upon ligand binding, and 2) neither intact disulfides nor intersite cooperativity affected the dissociation rate of bound ligand. Observed mechanisms of ligand binding are discussed in terms of proposed mechanisms of antibody affinity maturation and diversity. PMID- 6806262 TI - Rotation of cytochrome P-450. II. Specific interactions of cytochrome P-450 with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in phospholipid vesicles. AB - Purified rat liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase were co-reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine-phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylserine vesicles using a cholate dialysis technique. The co reconstitution of the enzymes was demonstrated in proteoliposomes fractionated by centrifugation in a glycerol gradient. The proteoliposomes catalyzed the N demethylation of a variety of substrates. Rotational diffusion of cytochrome P 450 was measured by detecting the decay of absorption anisotropy r(t), after photolysis of the heme.CO complex by a vertically polarized laser flash. The rotational mobility of cytochrome P-450, when reconstituted alone, was found to be dependent on the lipid to protein ratio by weight (L/P450) (Kawato, S., Gut, J., Cherry, R. J., Winterhalter, K. H., and Richter, C. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7023-7029). About 35% of cytochrome P-450 was immobilized and the rest was rotating with a mean rotational relaxation time phi 1 of about 95 mus in L/P450 = 1 vesicle. In L/P450 = 10 vesicles, about 10% of P-450 was immobile and the rest was rotating with phi 1 congruent to 55 mus. Co-reconstitution of equimolar amounts of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase into the above vesicles results in completely mobile cytochrome P-450 with a phi 1 congruent to 40 mus. Only a small decrease in the immobile fraction of cytochrome P-450 is observed when the molar ratio of cytochrome P-450 to the reductase is 5. The results suggest the formation of a monomolecular 1:1 complex between cytochrome P-450 and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase in the liposomes. PMID- 6806263 TI - Formation of a novel dihydroxy acid from arachidonic acid by lipoxygenase catalyzed double oxygenation in rat mononuclear cells and human leukocytes. AB - Elicited rat peritoneal mononuclear cells converted arachidonic acid to a new dihydroxy acid, 5(S), 15(S)-dihydroxy-6,13-trans-8,11-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (5,15-DiHETE). In this system, the amount of 5,15-DiHETE formed was about 20% that of leukotriene B4. The structure of the compound was determined by ultraviolet and mass spectrometric analysis, and comparison to a reference compound prepared by incubation of synthetic 5(R,S)-hydroxy- or hydroperoxy-6 trans-8,11,14-cis-eicosatetraenoic acid (5(R,S)-HETE or HPETE) with soybean lipoxygenase (linoleate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.12). Cell incubations performed under an atmosphere of 18O2 demonstrated that both hydroxyl groups in the cell product derived from molecular oxygen and that the oxygen atoms were from different oxygen molecules. Steric analysis indicated that each hydroxyl group had the S-configuration. The structural data thus indicate that 5,15-DiHETE is formed by an enzymatic double oxygenation of arachidonic acid catalyzed by both C-5 and C-15 lipoxygenases. Incubations with with [3H 8]5 (S)-HETE and [3H8]15(S)-HETE revealed that both compounds could be converted to the product. When [3H8]5(S), 15(S)-DiHPETE was added to cells, the majority of the substrate was reduced to 5,15-DiHETE. Leukocytes obtained from three human donors with peripheral blood eosinophilia also synthesized 5,15-DiHETE. Formation of the compound occurred in both eosinophils and neutrophils from these donors. PMID- 6806264 TI - Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase products from human eosinophils. AB - A series of six derivatives of arachidonic acid containing a conjugated triene system and hydroxyl groups at C-15 and at C-8 or C-14 (15-series leukotrienes) was isolated from eosinophil-rich human leukocyte preparations. Among classes of leukocytes in these preparations, eosinophils were the dominant source of the 15 series leukotrienes. The most abundant arachidonate metabolite recovered from human eosinophils was 15(S)-hydroxy-5,8,11-cis-13-trans-eicosatetraenoic acid. This compound was synthesized by a lipoxygenase enzyme and is a reduction product of the precursor to the 15-series leukotrienes (15(S)-hydroperoxy-5,8,11-cis-13 trans-eicosatetraenoic acid). PMID- 6806265 TI - Activation of phospholipases A2 and C in pig aortic endothelial cells synthesizing prostacyclin. PMID- 6806266 TI - On the mechanism of the displacement of apolipoprotein A-I by apolipoprotein A-II from the high density lipoprotein surface. Effect of concentration and molecular forms of apolipoprotein A-II. PMID- 6806267 TI - The biosynthesis of protein-bound hypusine (N epsilon -(4-amino-2 hydroxybutyl)lysine). Lysine as the amino acid precursor and the intermediate role of deoxyhypusine (N epsilon -(4-aminobutyl)lysine). AB - The major labeled constituent produced in cellular protein during the incubation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with [3H]putrescine or [terminal methylenes 3H]spermidine was identified as hypusine (N epsilon -(4-amino-2 hydroxybutyl)lysine). This unusual amino acid was found to occur predominantly in one relatively acidic low molecular weight protein. When CHO cells were labeled with [4,5-3H)lysine, a small portion of the radioactivity of the cellular protein fraction, after release by proteolytic digestion or acid hydrolysis, chromatographed at the position of hypusine. Oxidative degradation of this isolated labeled material yielded labeled lysine, thus, providing evidence that lysine is the amino acid precursor of hypusine. Upon incubation of CHO cells with the metal chelator, alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and either [4,5]3H]lysine or [terminal methylenes-3H]spermidine, label was incorporated into a protein-bound material, the chromatographic properties of which, after release by digestion, were found to be different from those of hypusine. This constituent of cell protein was identified as the unhydroxylated form of hypusine, deoxyhypusine (N epsilon -(4 aminobutyl)lysine). Evidence that the normal biosynthesis of hypusine proceeds through hydroxylation of deoxyhypusine was obtained by demonstration of conversion of protein-bound deoxyhypusine to protein-bound hypusine both in intact cells and in cell-free lysate. In the presence of the metal chelator, alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, deoxyhypusine accumulated in a single protein whose two dimensional electrophoretic properties were indistinguishable from those of the usual hypusine-containing protein. This finding supports the proposed mechanism in which peptide-bound lysine is converted to peptide-bound hypusine through hydroxylation of the transitory intermediate, deoxyhypusine. PMID- 6806268 TI - Active calcium uptake by islet-cell endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Active calcium uptake was demonstrated in a subcellular fraction of islets which was enriched in endoplasmic reticulum. Calcium uptake was stimulated by ATP in a magnesium-dependent manner. The rate of calcium accumulation was sustained by oxalate (10 mM) and uptake was prevented or reversed by addition of the calcium ionophore A23187. This calcium uptake process was not affected by azide or ruthenium red. Direct comparison of calcium uptake by endoplasmic reticulum enriched and plasma membrane-enriched fractions indicated that the uptake was not due to contamination of the fraction with plasma membrane vesicles. These factors as well as the purity of the fraction indicate that the calcium uptake system resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. The properties of the islet endoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake system are similar to properties reported for endoplasmic reticulum derived from other cell types. These properties include stimulation by potassium and a Km for ionized calcium of 1.5 +/- 0.3 microM. The islet-cell endoplasmic reticulum may play a critical role in cellular calcium homeostasis and contribute to the regulation of insulin secretion. PMID- 6806269 TI - Culture from mouse bone marrow of a subclass of mast cells possessing a distinct chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with glycosaminoglycans rich in N acetylgalactosamine-4,6-disulfate. AB - A differentiated population of cells with metachromatically staining granules and surface IgE receptors was obtained from mouse bone marrow cultured for 2 weeks in the presence of conditioned medium derived from concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes. The cells were found to incorporate large amounts of [35S]sulfate into an intracellular 35S-labeled proteoglycan of Mr approximately 200,000 containing a maximum of seven glycosaminoglycan side chains (Mr = 25,000). After chondroitinase ABC treatment of density gradient-purified [3H] serine-labeled proteoglycan, the resulting core was Mr approximately 26,000 as assessed by gel filtration. Two-dimensional cellulose acetate electrophoresis of beta-eliminated 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan revealed a single type of glycosaminoglycan that migrated at the position of oversulfated chondroitin sulfate E from squid cartilage. Chondroitinase ABC degradation of the 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycan yielded two cleavage products in approximately equal molar amounts which co migrated in both descending paper chromatography and high voltage paper electrophoresis with a monosulfated disaccharide, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4-O-sulfo-D-galactose, and a disulfated disaccharide, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-(beta-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-4 6-di-O-sulfo-D-galactose. The release of some free [35S]sulfate from the oversulfated disaccharide with either chondro-4-sulfatase or chondro-6-sulfatase and the complete desulfation by their combined action established that the oversulfated disaccharide contained N-acetylgalactosamine-4,6-disulfate. The 35S]labeled proteoglycan of these unique IgE receptor-bearing and histamine containing cells, therefore, is composed of chondroitin sulfate E rather than heparin glycosaminoglycan, and thus is the first identification of such an intracellular localized proteoglycan in a mammalian cell. PMID- 6806270 TI - A proenzyme form of human urokinase. AB - A culture of the human epidermoid carcinoma HEp 3 produces a plasminogen activator of Mr = 53,000 which we have purified to apparent homogeneity from serum-free conditioned medium by the combination of immunoaffinity chromatography and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The highly purified protein has the following properties: 1) It is indistinguishable from urinary urokinase in electrophoretic mobility, in immunodiffusion, and in autoradiographically visualized tryptic peptide maps obtained from the 125I labeled proteins. 2) The HEp 3 protein differs from urinary urokinase in the following respects: (a) although the apparent molecular weights of the two are identical (Mr = 53,000), the urinary enzyme consists of two polypeptide chains, whereas the HEp 3 protein is a single chain form. (b) Urinary urokinase can be labeled easily by incubation with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate but the HEp 3 protein cannot. (c) When assayed by the hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic peptide substrate, the HEp 3 enzyme has less than 1% of the catalytic activity of urinary urokinase. 3) On controlled exposure to plasmin, the HEp 3 protein is converted to an active enzyme that is identical with urinary urokinase in molecular weight, polypeptide chain composition, diisopropylfluorophosphate labeling, and specific catalytic activity. We conclude that the HEp 3 protein is a proenzyme that can be converted to active two-chain urokinase by plasmin, probably by a single proteolytic nick in the polypeptide chain. PMID- 6806271 TI - Enhancement of 5-lipoxygenase activity in mastocytoma P-815 cells by n-butyrate treatment. AB - Cloned mastocytoma P-815, 2-E-6 cells were used to investigate regulation of 5 lipoxygenase activity. 2-E-6 cells had high 5-lipoxygenase activity with slight 12-lipoxygenase activity. The 5-lipoxygenase activity was increased over 5-fold by treatment of the cells with 1 mM n-butyrate for 18 h. the most effective dose range being 0.1-5.0 mM. Treatment with n-butyrate for 18 h was more effective than treatment for 40 h. Addition of n-butyrate to an untreated cell homogenate had no stimulatory effect. The enhancement of 5-lipoxygenase activity by n butyrate was accompanied by new synthesis of protein(s). 12-Lipoxygenase activity was not increased so much as 5-lipoxygenase activity by the treatment. This is the first report of stimulation of 5-lipoxygenase activity in cultured cells. The different responses of the two lipoxygenases to n-butyrate treatment strongly suggest that 5-lipoxygenase is a different enzyme from 12-lipoxygenase. PMID- 6806272 TI - Inhibition of milk xanthine oxidase by fluorodinitrobenzene. AB - Milk xanthine oxidase reacted with fluorodinitrobenzene resulting in the modification of two lysine residues with a 6-fold decrease in catalytic activity. Continued reaction with fluorodinitrobenzene up to a total of 11 dinitrophenyl residues/equivalent of enzyme-bound FAD resulted in no further decrease in activity. Stopped flow studies revealed that the modification perturbed the reduction of the enzyme by xanthine; this was 6-fold lower with modified than with native enzyme. The reaction of the reduced modified enzyme with oxygen was qualitatively and quantitatively the same as with native enzyme. One nitro group of each dinitrophenyl lysine residue is slowly reduced by xanthine; reduction of both nitro groups is achieved by dithionite. The two dinitrophenyl lysine reduces can be distinguished on the basis of their kinetics of reduction. One appears to be located on the protein surface and is reduced in an intermolecular reaction, while the other appears to be located in a pocket of the enzyme and is reduced in a slow intramolecular reaction. PMID- 6806273 TI - Study of the structure of troponin-I by measuring the relative reactivities of lysines with acetic anhydride. AB - A competitive labeling method that measures the relative reactivity of lysines was used to study the structure of troponin-I. Troponin-I was acetylated free and complexed with troponin-C and troponin-T in the native state with [3H]acetic anhydride. The [3H]troponin-I was combined with [14C]troponin-I that had been acetylated in 6 M guanidine HCl and completely chemically labeled. Peptides containing labeled lysines were isolated following digestion with trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus protease and identified in the published sequence. The 3H/14C ratio of these peptides was used as a measure of the relative reactivity of the lysines. Troponin-I contains 24 lysines; we have identified 23 of these in 16 peptides. When troponin-I is labeled in a native complex, the lysines in the region from residues 40 to 98 are influenced: five become relatively less reactive (40, 65, 70, 78, and 90) and three become relatively more reactive (84, 87), and 98). All of these changes except Lys 70 can be seen when troponin-I binds to troponin-T. Lys 70 is reduced in reactivity when it binds to troponin-C. The lysines that appear to be important in binding of troponin-I to troponin-T are influenced by the binding of Ca2+ to troponin-C in the native troponin complex (in the presence of 2 mM MgCl2), suggesting for the first time that the troponin-IT interaction is affected by Ca2+. PMID- 6806274 TI - Isolation and characterization of rat liver microsomal UDP glucuronosyltransferase activity toward chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone as a single form of enzyme. AB - Microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity toward chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone has been isolated from rat liver and appears to be homogeneous in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The conjugating activities toward chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone co-purified and showed identical mobilities in disc gel electrophoresis, indicating that chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone are glucuronidated by a single form of enzyme. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities toward estrone, bilirubin, 4-nitrophenol, and morphine did not co-purify with the activity toward chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone and were not detectable in the pure enzyme in the presence or absence of phospholipids. In addition to glucuronic acid conjugation, the enzyme is able to catalyze galacturonic acid conjugation of chenodeoxycholic acid and testosterone. The enzyme has a subunit Mr approximately 54,000 and in the presence of the stabilizing detergent chenodeoxycholic acid, it appears to exist as an aggregate with an apparent Mr = 318,000 as estimated by gel filtration and 316,000 by polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6806276 TI - Entry of the toxic proteins abrin, modeccin, ricin, and diphtheria toxin into cells. I. Requirement for calcium. AB - In the absence of Ca2+ cells were not sensitive to the toxic proteins abrin and modeccin and the sensitivity to ricin and diphtheria toxin was reduced. Calcium deprivation had little effect on the binding and endocytosis of abrin, modeccin, and ricin. The binding of diphtheria toxin to cells was, however, reduced, Verapamil and Co2+ inhibited 45Ca2+ uptake and protected cells against abrin and modeccin at low concentrations of Ca2+. At higher Ca2+ concentrations the protection was overcome. La3+ inhibited strongly 45Ca2+ uptake and protected well against all four toxins, even at high Ca2+ concentrations. Fe3+ also afforded protection although it did not inhibit Ca2+ uptake. The Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, which strongly increases the uptake of 45Ca2+, protected cells well against abrin and modeccin, slightly against diphtheria toxin, but not against ricin. Both Ca2+ deprivation and treatment with A23187 protected well against the hybrid toxin abrin A-chain/ricin B-chain. Such treatment afforded little protection against the hybrid ricin A-chain/abrin B-chain. Apparently the protection against abrin is associated with its A-chain. The calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, protected strongly against modeccin and diphtheria toxin. The data indicate that Ca2+ is involved in the entry mechanism for abrin, modeccin, and ricin, possibly as a Ca2+ flux together with the toxins. PMID- 6806277 TI - Effect of cross-linking between 82 beta 1 and 82 beta 2 lysyl residues on the kinetics of polymerization of deoxyhemoglobin S. PMID- 6806275 TI - Kinetic investigation of rat liver microsomal electron transport from NADH to cytochrome P-450. AB - NADH-dependent reduction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 has been analyzed kinetically by observing formation of the ferrous-carbonyl complex. Reduction is best described by two exponential equations with apparent first-order rate constants of 1.49 +/- 0.20 and 0.077 +/- 0.015 min-1. By either selective removal or inhibition of specific electron carriers, the kinetic data of minimally altered microsomes are further resolved into a third slow phase. Either addition of anti-cytochrome b5 immune globulin or reduction of cytochrome b5 with ascorbic acid markedly diminishes only the third phase. In reconstitution of purified flavoproteins, phospholipids, and a single isozymic form of cytochrome P-450, without cytochrome b5 only biphasic reduction of cytochrome P-450 is observed. Thus, microsomal cytochrome P-450 appears to be reduced via two independent pathways of electron transport from NADH; the biphasic reduction occurs via cytochrome P-450 reductase while the slower monophasic reduction occurs via cytochrome b5. Multiphasic reduction occurs via cytochrome b5. Multiphasic kinetics are not altered by in vivo inductions of different isozymes of cytochrome P-450. Accordingly, the rates of reduction appear to be an intrinsic property of the electron transport process and not directed by the heterogeneity of the isozymic mixture of ultimate electron acceptors. PMID- 6806279 TI - Reductive methylation of the two 4,4'-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene-2,2' disulfonate-binding lysine residues of band 3, the human erythrocyte anion transport protein. AB - The bifunctional anion transport inhibitor 4,4'p-diisothiocyanodihydrostilbene 2,2'-disulfonate (H2DIDS) can react covalently with both chymotryptic peptides of band 3, the human erythrocyte anion transport protein. The functional roles of the two sites of covalent H2DIDS attachment have been investigated using reductive methylation with formaldehyde and borohydride, which is a substrate for band 3. Reductive methylation of outward facing lysing residues of intact cells can block the covalent H2DIDS reaction with both the 60,000- and the 38,000 dalton chymotryptic peptides (CH60 and CH38, respectively). The methylation does not interfere with reversible H2DIDS binding. Methylation of all copies of and 3 at both sites of covalent H2DIDS attachment inhibits Cl-Cl exchange by 75%. The same treatment does not detectably alter the apparent affinity for extracellular substrate (Br). The extent of transport inhibition by reductive methylation correlates very well with the extent of blockage of the Amino acid analysis indicates that the H2DIDS-binding lysine on CH38 rather than some coincidentally modified lysine is responsible for the inhibition. This lysine is therefore likely to be closely associated with the anion transport pathway. PMID- 6806278 TI - Effect of androgens on turnover of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse kidney. Studies using labeling of the enzyme by reaction with [14C] alpha difluoromethylornithine. AB - Treatment of male mice with excess androgens increased the activity of renal ornithine decarboxylase 60-fold in the BALB/c strain and 4-fold in the CD-1 strain. Part of the increase in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase was due to a decreased rate of degradation of the enzyme since activity declined more slowly (t1/2 80 min) in androgen-treated BALB/c mice than in controls (t1/2 20 min) when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide. When ornithine decarboxylase protein was labeled in vivo by injection of [5 14C]difluoromethylornithine, the rate of disappearance of the labeled protein was exactly the same as the rate of loss of ornithine decarboxylase activity when protein synthesis was inhibited by cycloheximide, confirming that ornithine decarboxylase protein does turn over rapidly in vivo. The half-life of another rapidly turning over enzyme important in polyamine metabolism, S adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, was also increased in the mouse kidney by androgen treatment. These results indicate that steroid hormones can affect the level of certain proteins by changing the rate of degradation and that the labeling of ornithine decarboxylase by reaction with radioactive alpha difluoromethylornithine in vivo provides a useful method for studying the degradation of this protein. PMID- 6806280 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly and transiently stimulates cytosolic calcium-dependent protein phosphorylation in GH3 pituitary cells. PMID- 6806281 TI - Biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and release of the Golgi enzyme galactosyltransferase (lactose synthetase A protein) in HeLa cells. PMID- 6806282 TI - Purification and properties of bovine spleen heme oxygenase. Amino acid composition and sites of action of inhibitors of heme oxidation. AB - Microsomal heme oxygenase has been purified from bovine spleen to homogeneity using DEAE-cellulose chromatography, initial hydroxyapatite chromatography, gel filtration, and repeat hydroxyapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight of congruent to 31,000. It had a Km for heme of 0.93 microM, a specific activity of 6770 units/mg of protein, and a turnover number of 3.5 mol/mol of enzyme/min. Amino acid analysis of the purified enzyme revealed an abundance of glutamine and glutamic acid residues, a log tryptophan content (2 tryptophan residues/mol of enzyme), and four free sulfhydryl groups, only two of which were accessible to sulfhydryl (--SH) inactivating reagents without unfolding of the protein. Consistent with these findings, the purified enzyme had a relatively low extinction coefficient at 280 nm (E11%cm = 8.12) and was relatively resistant to inactivation by --SH inactivating reagents. NADPH-cytochrome c reductase from bovine liver was purified to homogeneity and biliverdin reductase from bovine spleen was partially purified. The heme oxygenase system was reconstituted from preparations of all three purified enzymes and, utilizing this reconstituted system, the specific sites of the inhibitory actions of --SH inactivating reagents, inorganic metals, and metalloporphyrins on the heme degrading sequence of reactions were examined. Sn-, Co-, Zn-, and Mn-protoporphyrin strongly inhibited heme degradation in a competitive manner. The Ki values for Sn-, Co-, and Zn-protoporphyrin were determined to be 0;033, 0.082, and 0.13 microM, respectively. Mg-, Ni-, and Cu protoporphyrin had little effect on heme degradation by the reconstituted system. Metals such as Pt2+ and Hg2+ strongly inhibited the activity of the reconstituted heme oxygenase system, but the principal site of action of these metals was at the level of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase or biliverdin reductase. Similarly --SH inactivating reagents, such as p-chloromercuribenzoate, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2 nitrobenzoate), or N-ethylmaleimide inhibited the reaction catalyzed by the reconstituted heme oxygenase system principally by inhibiting the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. PMID- 6806283 TI - The occurrence of molecular interactions among NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, heme oxygenase, and biliverdin reductase in heme degradation. PMID- 6806284 TI - A comparative study of heme degradation by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase alone and by the complete heme oxygenase system. Distinctive aspects of heme degradation by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. PMID- 6806285 TI - The oxidative degradation of heme c by the microsomal heme oxygenase system. PMID- 6806286 TI - Fatty acid binding protein. Isolation from rat liver, characterization, and immunochemical quantification. AB - Fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) was identified and isolated from rat liver cytosol by gel filtration, thin layer isoelectric focusing, and affinity chromatography. FABP (Mr 12,080 +/- 80) exists in several immunochemically identical forms differing in isoelectric pH, which may in part reflect differences in their respective complements of bound endogenous ligand. FABP bound fatty acids accounted for 60% of total cytosolic long chain fatty acids but contained no detectable phospholipid; the substantial enrichment of FABP in 18:2 and 20:4 as compared with whole liver homogenate was not influenced by homogenization of tissue in EDTA. The amino acid composition of FABP suggests that it is closely related or identical with certain similar neutral and acidic cytosolic proteins reported from other laboratories. By quantitative radial immunodiffusion, FABP concentration in cytosol from livers of sexually mature female rats exceeded that from mature males (51.7 +/- 3.0 versus 39.8 +/- 4.0 micrograms/mg of protein, p less than 0.05), confirming earlier studies in which sex steroid effects on rates of fatty acid utilization were correlated with FABP concentration as determined by means of a binding assay. The abundance of FABP, its importance in the cytosolic binding of endogenous as well as exogenous fatty acids, and its demonstrated correlation with rates of hepatocyte fatty acid utilization provide additional evidence for its relationship to the cellular metabolism of long chain fatty acids. PMID- 6806288 TI - Swainsonine inhibits the biosynthesis of complex glycoproteins by inhibition of Golgi mannosidase II. PMID- 6806287 TI - Site of action of a ribosomal RNA methylase conferring resistance to thiostrepton. AB - A methylase enzyme, responsible for autoimmunity in the thiostrepton producer Streptomyces azureus, renders ribosomes completely resistant to thiostrepton. This RNA-pentose methylase modifies adenosine-1067 of Escherichia coli 23 S rRNA. PMID- 6806290 TI - Requirement of ATP in bacterial chemotaxis. AB - Evidence is presented that chemotaxis requires ATP or a closely related metabolite, in addition to its known requirements of ATP for synthesis of S adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) and maintenance of the proton motive force. Previous studies demonstrated a loss of tumbling and chemotaxis, and depletion of ATP when hisF auxotrophs of Salmonella typhimurium are starved for histidine (Galloway, R. J., and Taylor, B. L. (1980) J. Bacteriol. 144, 1068-1075). In the present study, intracellular [AdoMet], membrane potential, and [ATP] were measured in a hisF mutant of S. typhimurium. Membrane potential, determined from partitioning of [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium ion between the inside and the outside of the cell, was about -150 mV at pH 7.6, and did not decrease in histidine starvation but was slightly increased. The concentration of AdoMet decreased from 0.4 mM to 0.3 mM during starvation but when cycloleucine, an inhibitor of AdoMet synthetase, was used to decrease [AdoMet] by a similar amount in histidine-fed cells there was little change in tumbling frequency. Intracellular [ATP] was reduced from 4.5 mM to less than 0.2 mM by histidine starvation. About 0.2 mM ATP was necessary for spontaneous tumbling. A similar [ATP] was required for tumbling in arsenate treated cells. Adenine at concentrations as low as 20 nM caused a transient increase in both tumbling frequency and [ATP] in histidine-starved cells. Thus, out of three parameters tested, only the intracellular [ATP] correlated with changes in tumbling frequency in the histidine-starved cells. PMID- 6806289 TI - The effects of 1-amino-D-proline on the production of carnitine from exogenous protein-bound trimethyllysine by the perfused rat liver. AB - Following receptor-mediated endocytosis of trimethyllysine-labeled asialofetuin and agalacto-orosomucoid by liver parenchymal and nonparenchymal cells, respectively, the glycoproteins are degraded and the methylated lysine residues released. The free intracellular trimethyllysine is then converted, in addition to 2-N-acetyl-6-N-trimethyllysine, to 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate, carnitine, and acetylcarnitine. In the presence of 1-amino-D-proline, a vitamin B6 antagonist, the total production from protein-bound trimethyllysine of 4-N trimethylaminobutyrate, the immediate precursor of carnitine, carnitine, and its acetylated derivative was depressed by as much as 60-80% in perfused rat liver. The decreased synthesis of carnitine was accompanied by an accumulation of 3 hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine, and intermediate in the carnitine biosynthetic pathway. The extent of 3-hydroxy-6-N-trimethyllysine accumulation, which was not evident in the absence of added 1-amino-D-proline, depended on the dose of 1 amino-D-proline perfused through the liver. In addition, those effects of 1-amino D-proline were almost completely reversed by inclusion of pyridoxine in the perfusing medium. These results support the suggestion of a requirement for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in the biosynthesis of carnitine by the liver. PMID- 6806291 TI - Purification and characterization of 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 12 alpha monooxygenase. AB - 7 alpha-Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one 12 alpha-monooxygenase was purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits. The purification was carried out by solubilization of microsomes by cholate, fractionation with polyethylene glycol, affinity chromatography on cholate-Sepharose 4B column, hydroxylapatite column chromatography, chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column, and a second hydroxylapatite column chromatography. The purified preparation gave a single major band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and contained 9.0 nmol of cytochrome P-450/mg of protein, which corresponded to 5.3 fold purification from microsomes on the basis of specific heme content. The specific activity of the enzyme expressed as enzyme activity per mg of enzyme protein was increased 315-fold from microsomes. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 56,000 from calibrated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme-pH curve gave a peak at pH 7.0. The Michaelis constant for 7 alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one was 27 microM. Absorption spectra of the oxidized form of the enzyme showed a Soret band at 418 nm. 7 alpha-Hydroxy 4-cholesten-3-one 12 alpha-monooxygenase activity was reconstituted from the purified cytochrome P-450, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, dilauroylglyceryl-3 phosphorylcholine, and NADPH. The purified enzyme was free from steroid 25 hydroxylase activity and that of 26- or 27-hydroxylase but revealed some activity for benzphetamine N-demethylation. The enzyme activity was not inhibited by metapyrone, aminoglutethimide, and KCN, but was seriously inhibited by nonionic detergents such as Emulgen 913. The enzyme was labile under low buffer concentrations but was stabilized at least for 4 weeks under higher buffer concentration such as 300 mM phosphate buffer. PMID- 6806292 TI - 15N,18O tracer studies on the activation of nitrite by denitrifying bacteria. Nitrite/water-oxygen exchange and nitrosation reactions as indicators of electrophilic catalysis. PMID- 6806293 TI - Iodination of beta-melanotropin. Time course analysis of reaction mixtures by high pressure liquid chromatography and characterization of biologically active mono- and diiodo-beta-melanotropin. AB - The production of highly purified, chemically well defined, iodinated beta melanotropin possessing full biological activity is described. beta-Melanotropin, purified by high pressure liquid chromatography, was iodinated using Iodogen as the oxidizing agent. Biological activity was recovered, following iodination, by incubating the iodinated peptide mixture in 0.75 M dithiothreitol at 37 degrees C for 18-24 h. The qualitative and quantitative effects of dithiothreitol and the changes that occurred in the iodination mixture with time were examined using high pressure liquid chromatography. This separation technique has proved to be a useful tool both for optimizing the iodination procedure and for the rapid, efficient purification of mono- and diiodinated beta-melanotropins. Amino acid analysis of these two peptides revealed modifications only of the one tyrosine residue (Tyr 5): the expected incorporation of iodine to form mono- or diiodo tyrosine. Monoiodo-beta-melanotropin had full biological activity, as measured by tyrosinase stimulation in Cloudman S91 melanoma cells, while diiodo-beta melanotropin was an order of magnitude less active. PMID- 6806294 TI - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of human platelet membranes. The major antigen consists of a complex of glycoproteins, GPIIb and GPIIIa, held together by Ca2+ and missing in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 6806296 TI - Purification and characterization of Bacillus subtilis methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein methyltransferase II. AB - A Bacillus subtilis methyltransferase capable of methylating membrane-bound methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of a chemotaxis mutant was purified to homogeneity. MCPs are normally unmethylated in this strain. Results of gel filtration chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicate that the enzyme is a 30,000 molecular weight monomer. The enzyme transfers methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine to glutamate residues of the substrates. The enzyme is activated by divalent cations and has a Km for S-adenosylmethionine of about 5 microM. It is competitively inhibited by S adenosylhomocysteine, with a Ki of about 0.2 microM, and exhibits an in vitro assay pH optimum of 6.9. This methyltransferase is very different from another methyltransferase from B. subtilis, described previously (Ullah, A. H. J., and Ordal, G. W. (1981) Biochem. J. 199, 795-805). PMID- 6806295 TI - Methylation of chicken fibroblast heat shock proteins at lysyl and arginyl residues. PMID- 6806298 TI - Some properties of the reaction site for the esterase activity of hemoglobin. AB - We have defined the predominant site of p-nitrophenyl acetate reaction with hemoglobin. The site is involved with, at least, two modes of action: the imidazole catalysis of His beta 2 and the irreversible covalent acetylation of Lys beta 82. The effect of competitive inhibition of the reaction by 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid, the dependence of the reaction rate on the protein conformation, hemoglobin mutants, and the diethylpyrocarbonate are consistent with the assignment of the active site. In addition, the results point to small conformational differences in the NH-terminal regions of the beta chains between Hb S and Hb A. PMID- 6806297 TI - Formation of collagen fibrils in vitro by cleavage of procollagen with procollagen proteinases. AB - A new system was developed for studying the assembly of collagen fibrils in vitro. A partially purified enzyme preparation containing both procollagen N proteinase and c-proteinase (EC 3.4.24.00) activities was used to initiate fibril formation by removal of the N- and C-propeptides from type I procollagen in a physiological buffer at 35-37 degrees C. The kinetics of fibril formation were similar to those observed for fibril formation with tissue-extracted collagen in the same buffer system, except that the lag phase was longer. The longer lag phase was in part accounted for by the time required to convert procollagen to collagen. Similar results were obtained when an intermediate containing the C propeptide but not the N-propeptide was used as a substrate. Therefore, removal of the c-propeptide appeared to be the critical step for fibril formation under the conditions used here. The fibrils formed by enzymic cleavage of procollagen or pCcollagen appeared microscopically to be more tightly packed than fibrils formed directly from collagen under the same conditions. This impression was confirmed by the observation that the fibrils formed by cleavage of procollagen were stable to temperatures 1.5-2 degrees C higher than fibers formed from extracted collagen under the same conditions. When smaller amounts of procollagen proteinase were used, the rate of cleavage of procollagen to collagen was markedly reduced. The fibrils which formed under these conditions were up to 3 micrometers in diameter. Some appeared to contain branch points. PMID- 6806299 TI - Congenital ball-and-socket ankle joints and related lower-extremity malformations. PMID- 6806300 TI - Teichoic acid antibodies in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and gel-diffusion techniques were used to study the development of teichoic acid antibodies in eighteen patients with osteomyelitis and seven patients with septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus. Nine of eleven patients with acute osteomyelitis and three of seven with chronic osteomyelitis had a positive response to tests for teichoic acid antibody. However, only two of seven patients with septic arthritis generated a positive teichoic-acid antibody response. In two patients the test was extremely valuable in the diagnosis and management of osteomyelitis. Antibody detection appears to be a sensitive test for detecting staphylococcal osteomyelitis, especially the acute variety. It does not appear to be a reliable test for septic arthritis. It is also useful for the detection of antibody in patients who had received prior antibiotic therapy, yet have persistent foci of infection. The presence of the teichoic acid antibody, as well as its titer, is of diagnostic value in patients with serious infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The detection and quantification of teichoic acid antibodies is of great value for the early diagnosis of patients with acute osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus and for assessing the clinical response of such patients. PMID- 6806301 TI - Spontaneous resolution of varus deformity at the ankle following adduction injury of the distal tibial epiphysis. A case report. PMID- 6806302 TI - Surgical reconstruction for calcaneonavicular coalition. Evaluation of function and gait. AB - The function of nineteen patients was evaluated at three to fourteen years after reconstructive surgery for calcaneonavicular coalition. Measurements of subtalar motion, single-limb functional tests, and gait analyses were carried out to determine how function in these patients differed from normal. Better function correlated well with better postoperative subtalar motion. Patients with a unilateral coalition who had good subtalar motion after resection showed symmetrical gait patterns during tests of function of the subtalar joint under conditions of stress. PMID- 6806303 TI - Dye transfer between cells of the embryonic chick lens becomes less sensitive to CO2 treatment with development. AB - During the 3-h developmental stage 14 in the chick, intercellular transfer of iontophoresed fluorescent dyes becomes less sensitive to the lowering of intracellular pH by either CO2 or acetate ions. Up to developmental state 14, dye transfer between lens cells is reversibly blocked by exposure to 50% CO2. Beyond stage 14, dye transfer between these cells is no longer reversibly blocked by elevated pCO2. Electronic coupling is present throughout lens development and is not reversibly blocked by high pCO2 at any stage. The gap junctions joining the lens cells show morphological changes at developmental stage 14. Up to stage 14, all gap junctions observed between chick lens cells have connexon assemblies that appear condensed or crystalline following routine freeze-fracture microscopy. Beyond stage 14, chick lens cells express gap junctions with both the condensed assemblies and the dispersed assemblies characteristic of adult lens gap-junction structure. PMID- 6806304 TI - Modulation of epithelial cell proliferation in culture by dissolved oxygen. AB - Modulation of epithelial cell proliferation by the dissolved oxygen concentration (PO2) of the growth medium was assessed with primary human foreskin epithelium and a continuous monkey kidney epithelial cell line (LLC-MK2). Direct measurement of the growth medium PO2 provides the first quantitative evaluation of epithelial cell proliferation as a function of PO2. Sustained proliferation of LLC-MK2 cells occurs in serum-free medium equilibrated with a gas phase containing 18% or 30% O2 v/v. Mid-logarithmic phase cultures rapidly consume dissolved oxygen; this results in a 60-70 mm Hg decline in PO2, and leads to a stable growth medium PO2 between 70 and 100 mm Hg, well above anoxic values. In contrast, if culture medium is equilibrated with a gass phase containing 0% or 1% O2 v/v to yield a growth medium PO2 - approximately 20-40 mm Hg, proliferation of LLC-MK2 and primary foreskin epithelial cells is retarded, and LLC-MK2 cells use little dissolved oxygen. Gentle, continuous rocking to prevent diffusion gradient formation enhances proliferation slightly at the higher PO2, but neither periodic fluid renewals nor continued rocking stimulates cells retarded by a lowered oxygen concentration to resume proliferation. The data collectively demonstrate that epithelial cell proliferation requires a PO2 greater than 40 mm Hg, and threshold requirements are probably closer to 70 mm Hg. Glycolysis continues at a PO2 insufficient for proliferation, but more lactic acid accumulates in actively proliferating cultures than in cultures equilibrated with 0% oxygen. We conclude that epithelial cells in vitro both consume more oxygen and require a higher PO2 for continued proliferation, and that the oxygen requirement for epithelial cell proliferation exceeds that of a comparable population of fibroblasts for which low oxygen may enhance survival and proliferation. PMID- 6806305 TI - Glycosaminoglycan changes involved in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation in vitro. AB - The changes of cell coat and endocellular glycosaminoglycans associated with adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to tissue culture dishes were studied by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes are coated by chondroitin 4 sulphate, while undersulphated chondroitin 4 sulphate and heparan sulphate are present in the cytoplasm. Upon adhesion polymorphonuclear leukocytes shed into the culture medium chondroitin 4 sulphate and concomitantly hyaluronic acid and heparan sulphate are exposed at the cell surface and shed into the culture medium. The role of these compounds in polymorphonuclear leukocyte physiology is discussed. PMID- 6806306 TI - Inhibition of the serum-dependent, amiloride-sensitive sodium transport pathway in human fibroblasts by extracellular divalent cations. PMID- 6806308 TI - Dissociation of cytological and functional differential in virgin mouse mammary gland during inhibition of DNA synthesis. AB - Epithelial cells in mammary gland explants from mice assume a secretory appearance and synthesize the milk proteins, casein and alpha-lactalbumin, when cultured in the presence of insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin. In cells from the glands of mature virgin animals such syntheses are known to require DNA synthesis. Addition of cytosine-beta-D-arabinofuranoside to the explant cultures suppresses both hormonally induced DNA synthesis and enhanced production of milk protein. To determine the level at which this block in terminal differentiation occurs, epithelial cell pellets were prepared from virgin mouse mammary gland explants cultured with various combination of insulin, hydrocortisone and prolactin, and subsequently examined by light and electron microscopy. We observed that the epithelial cells cultured in the presence of all three hormones developed fully, cytologically and ultrastructurally, even in the absence of DNA synthesis in vitro. Likewise, these cells were able to incorporate [3H]uridine into RNA efficiently and to incorporate amino acids into acid-precipitable polypeptides at levels equivalent to the untreated controls. However, immunoprecipitation of newly synthesized casein peptides showed that no new synthesis of casein occurred in cells prevented from synthesizing DNA. These data show uncoupling of cytological development and synthesis of milk protein in mammary explants from mature virgin mice inhibited from synthesizing DNA. PMID- 6806307 TI - Occluding junctions in MDCK cells: modulation of transepithelial permeability by the cytoskeleton. AB - In MDCK cell monolayers the opening and resealing of occluding junctions can be induced by removal and restoration of calcium to the external medium. The overall changes in permeability of the occluding junctions in the monolayer can be monitored by the drop and recovery of the total transepithelial electrical resistance. We have investigated the effects of cytochalasin B (CB) on this process. When CB is added to sealed monolayers there is a gradual drop in the electrical resistance across the monolayer. This drop is accompanied by a slow disorganization of the microfilament pattern of these cells, including a disturbance of a ring of cortical microfilaments that is normally associated with the junctions. Cells in open monolayers treated with CB will not reseal and have an altered filament distribution. These cells do not have a continuous cortical ring. We have used a voltage scanning technique that uses a microelectrode to measure the resistance at selected points along the junction which surrounds a single cell. In untreated, closed monolayers, the junction is heterogeneous with alternating points of high and low conductance. In closed monolayers treated with CB, although there are low conductance points, we have observed an increased frequency of high conductance points that correlates with the change in the overall conductance. The frequency of high conductance points along the junction and the overall conductance both increase with time of exposure to CB. In an effort to understand the molecular basis for the permeability changes induced by EGTA and CB, we have looked for differences in the protein components of the cell membranes of open, closed, and CB-treated MDCK monolayers. This was done by radioiodinating the surface membrane proteins under control and experimental conditions that bring about permeability changes. No significant differences in the labeled protein patterns were found under these conditions. These results suggest that the permeability changes involve only a structural rearrangement of membrane components. In additions we have observed that about 36% of the surface label remains bound to the insoluble cytoskeletons obtained from cells in control and experimental conditions that alter the permeability of the tight junctions. The iodinated proteins attached to the CS include polypeptides with Mr of greater than or equal to 120K daltons as well as peptides with Mr = 56K, 50K, 36K, and 18K daltons. PMID- 6806309 TI - [Contribution of artificial feeding to the prevention of fistulae, anastomotic breakdowns, and eviscerations. Applications to diffuse postoperative peritonitis in eight cases (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the study of 8 cases diffuse post-operative peritonitis, the authors demonstrate in an exemplary manner the benefit derived through artificial nutritive support which permits, in certain well-defined cases, one-step digestive sutures and allows high-quality anastomotic and parietal healing. This new therapeutic attitude should not be generalized; it remains as yet very special, requiring specific metabolic safety measures. Only surgical teams in total control of the metabolic and nutritive problems accompanying heavy visceral surgery are in a position to apply this new concept. PMID- 6806310 TI - Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatographic determination of tocainide in biological fluids using fused silica capillary columns. AB - Gas-liquid chromatography using capillary columns and electron-capture detection has been employed for the determination of a new antiarrhythmic drug, tocainide, in rat plasma and urine. The drug is extracted from a basified solution along with an internal standard, monoethylglycine xylidide, and subsequently reacted with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. The 50 m x 0.2 mm fused silica capillary column was coated in the laboratory with Carbowax 20M. Linearity of detector response was established in the range of 50-1000 ng of tocainide hydrochloride per 100 microliter of plasma or urine. This represented 14-270 pg of the free base at the detector, using a split ratio of 1:25 and an injection volume of 2 microliter. The derivatization method and chromatographic assay are well suited for monitoring of plasma or urine samples. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of rat plasma collected over a period of 7 h after intravenous administration of 20 mg/kg of tocainide hydrochloride. PMID- 6806311 TI - Familial euthyroid thyroxine excess: characterization of abnormal intermediate affinity thyroxine binding to albumin. AB - The abnormal high capacity T4 binding site of familial euthyroid T4 excess was separable from prealbumin and T4-binding globulin but not from albumin. We therefore compared T4 binding by albumin preparations isolated from the sera of normal and affected subjects. By equilibrium dialysis, albumin from affected subjects showed an extra T4 binding site (Kd approximately 50 nM) in addition to the T4 binding sites of normal albumin (Kd approximately 4 microM). Comparison of the estimated capacity of the additional site (200 microM) with the molar concentration of albumin suggested that only about one third of albumin molecules from affected subjects contained the extra binding site. Estimates of affinity and capacity were used to derive combining powers for the diverse classes of serum T4 binding sites. From these estimates, it appears that the presence of the abnormal site accounts for the approximate doubling of normal mean total T4 (from approximately 100 nM or 7.7 micrograms/dl to approximately 200 nM or 15.5 micrograms/dl), in order to maintain a normal free T4 in the face of the increased T4 association with albumin. Studies of [125I]T4 displacement from albumin of affected subjects showed low T3 affinity and competition by barbitone. Relative molar concentrations to give equivalent displacement of [125I]T4 were: 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodothyroacetic acid, 0.4; T4, 1.0; rT3, 4; 8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonic acid, 10; T3, 80; salicylate, 200; and barbitone, 40,000. Studies with dithiothreitol suggested that disulfide bonds were critical in maintaining the T4 albumin association. These findings indicate that familial T4 excess is due to abnormal intermediate affinity, sulfhydryl-sensitive T4 binding sites that are inseparable from the albumin found in affected subjects. PMID- 6806313 TI - Recovery of pituitary secretion of thyrotropin and its free alpha- and beta subunits after triiodothyronine withdrawal. PMID- 6806312 TI - The synthesis of prostaglandins from persistent proliferative endometrium. AB - The pattern of prostaglandins (PGs) synthesized by persistent proliferative endometrium of women with excessive menstrual bleeding (greater than 50 ml) associated with anovulatory cycles was compared to endometrium collected from women with normal menstrual blood loss (less than 50 ml). Levels of PGF2 alpha in normal and persistent proliferative endometrium were lower than the levels of PGF2 alpha found in normal secretory endometrium (P less than 0.005 for both normal and persistent proliferative endometria). When incubated with exogenous [1 14C]arachidonic acid (9.1 nmol), normal secretory endometrium synthesized more PGF2 alpha and PGE2 than did normal proliferative endometrium, but the amounts of PGF2 alpha and PGE2 released by persistent proliferative endometrium were similar to those obtained by normal secretory endometrium. These findings suggest that persistent proliferative and normal secretory endometria have the same PG synthetase activity, and that the low endogenous concentrations of PGF2 alpha in the former arise from a lack of endogenous precursor. PGF2 alpha has predominantly vasoconstricting properties, and a reduced capacity to synthesize this PG by persistent proliferative endometrium may result in excessive menstrual bleeding, as was suggested by the inverse correlation between the ratio of the endogenous concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGE and the menstrual blood loss (r = -0.7; P less than 0.005; n = 26). PMID- 6806314 TI - Long term use of intravenous immune globulin in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases: inadequacy of current dosage practices and approaches to the problem. PMID- 6806315 TI - Intrathecal synthesis of immunoglobulin light chains in a child with late-onset agammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6806316 TI - On the relationship of CSF pleocytosis to immunoglobulin levels as estimated by different techniques. AB - One might expect a positive correlation between the number of CSF lymphocytes and the relative amount of CSF IgG, especially in cases of local synthesis of IgG within the CNS. However, previous attempts at correlating the number of CSF lymphocytes with IgG levels have yielded varying results. Since it is known that the estimation of CSF IgG levels can vary according to the method of immunoglobulin determination used, we decided to perform the analyses by three separate methods: (1) the commonly used, immunoprecipitation technique of radial immunodiffusion; (2) physico-chemical separation on the basis of hydrated size/charge using alkaline electrophoresis through the molecular sieving effects of polyacrylamide gels, followed by densitometry of the gamma region of Coomassie Blue-stained proteins; (3) separation into constituent Ig heavy chains and light chains on the basis of unfolded chain lengths by molecular sieving using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), followed by densitometry of heavy chains of immunoglobulins having been labelled with the fluorescent dye dansyl chloride. Our results show a correlation of white count with the latter two techniques but not the former. Possible reasons for discrepancies in the literature are discussed with regard to the peculiar physical properties of the selected CSF IgG molecules. PMID- 6806317 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the pancreas and brain of the rat is regulated by central noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways. AB - These studies have been undertaken to evaluate the role of the brain noradrenergic and dopaminergic pathways in the regulation of the secretion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the central nervous system (CNS) and pancreas of the neonatal rat. When CNS stores of norepinephrine (NE) were selectively reduced by the subcutaneous administration of the dopamine-beta hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63, TRH concentrations were significantly reduced throughout the brain. However, when CNS stores of both NE and dopamine (DA) were depleted by the subcutaneous administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha-methyl-rho-tyrosine (alpha-MT), TRH concentrations in the brain were not significantly altered.FLA-63 and alpha-MT did not significantly reduce pancreatic catecholamine concentrations, indicating that in the basal state, these agents predominantly deplete central catecholamine stores. Nevertheless, pancreatic TRH concentrations were markedly reduced by FLA-63, and this effect was significantly attenuated by the simultaneous intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of NE. In contrast to the effects of FLA-63, alpha-MT caused a significant increase in pancreatic TRH concentrations, and this effect was significantly lessened by icv DA. To determine whether the sympathetic nervous system might be one route by which these central effects are mediated, a chemical sympathectomy was induced with guanethidine. This treatment selectively reduced pancreatic concentrations of NE, and caused a marked increase in pancreatic TRH concentrations. FROM THESE OBSERVATIONS, WE CONCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (a) within the central nervous system, both NE and DA are involved in regulating brain TRH secretion or biosynthesis, and the direction of action of these two neurotransmitters appears to be opposite; (b) pancreatic TRH secretion or biosynthesis is also controlled by the brain noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems, and the net effects of each of these pathways appears to be opposite; (c) at least one route by which impulses from the brain may travel and modulate pancreatic TRH secretion or biosynthesis is by the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6806321 TI - Diagnosis of metachromatic leukodystrophy, Krabbe disease, and Farber disease after uptake of fatty acid-labeled cerebroside sulfate into cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - [(14)C]Stearic acid-labeled cerebroside sulfate (CS) was presented to cultured skin fibroblasts in the media. After endocytosis into control cells 86% was readily metabolized to galactosylceramide, ceramide, and stearic acid, which was reutilized in the synthesis of the major lipids found in cultured fibroblasts. Uptake and metabolism of the [(14)C]CS into cells from typical and atypical patients and carriers of metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD), Krabbe disease, and Farber disease were observed. Cells from patients with late infantile MLD could not metabolize the CS at all, while cells from an adult MLD patient and from a variant MLD patient could metabolize approximately 40 and 15%, respectively, of the CS taken up. These results are in contrast to the in vitro results that demonstrated a severe deficiency of arylsulfatase A in the late infantile and adult patient and a partial deficiency (21-27% of controls) in the variant MLD patient. Patients with Krabbe disease could metabolize nearly 40% of the galactosylceramide produced in the lysosomes from the CS. This is in contrast to the near zero activity for galactosylceramidase measured in vitro. Carriers of Krabbe disease with galactosylceramidase activity near half normal in vitro and those with under 10% of normal activity were found to metabolize galactosylceramide in cells significantly slower than controls. This provides a method for differentiating affected patients from carriers with low enzyme activity in vitro. Cells from patients with Farber disease could catabolize only approximately 15% of the ceramide produced from galactosylceramide. This technique provides a method for the identification of typical and atypical patients and carriers of three genetic diseases using one substrate. PMID- 6806318 TI - Antibodies from patients with connective tissue diseases bind specific subsets of cellular RNA-protein particles. AB - We characterized the RNA-containing antigens precipitated by sera from 260 patients with positive antinuclear antibodies. 49 individuals, most of whom had systemic lupus erythematosus or Sjogren's syndrome, possessed antibodies that precipitated the previously identified RNP, Sm, Ro, and La antigens either singly or in combinations. These antigens, which are located on discrete sets of small nuclear or cytoplasmic RNA-protein particles, exhibited a number of antigenic interrelationships. One patient's serum recognized a new particle containing a small RNA which we have called Th; it also precipitated the Ro complexes. Other patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis B virus infection, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, myositis, and rheumatoid arthritis had antibodies that precipitated specific subsets of ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. One patient's serum contained a monoclonal immunoglobulin G that precipitated ribosomes. Most of these antibodies identified antigenic determinants constituted at least in part of protein. The specificity of the proteins bound to particular cellular RNA, probably explains the exquisite precision with which antibodies from rheumatic disease patients discriminate among RNA subsets. Such sera should be useful probes for investigating specific roles that different RNA and RNA-protein complexes play in cellular metabolism. PMID- 6806320 TI - Metabolism of heme and bilirubin in rat and human small intestinal mucosa. AB - Formation of heme, bilirubin, and bilirubin conjugates has been examined in mucosal cells isolated from the rat upper small intestine. Intact, viable cells were prepared by enzymatic dissociation using a combined vascular and luminal perfusion and incubated with an isotopically labeled precursor, delta-amino-[2,3 3H]levulinic acid. Labeled heme and bile pigment were formed with kinetics similar to those exhibited by hepatocytes. Moreover, the newly formed bilirubin was converted rapidly to both mono- and diglucuronide conjugates. In addition, cell-free extracts of small intestinal mucosa from rats or humans exhibited a bilirubin-UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity that was qualitatively similar to that present in liver. The data suggest that the small intestinal mucosa normally contributes to bilirubin metabolism. PMID- 6806319 TI - Characterization of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that disseminate. Roles of blocking antibody and gonococcal outer membrane proteins. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients with disseminated infection (DGI) often resist complement (C')-dependent killing by normal human serum (NHS) and less commonly by convalescent DGI serum. 7 of 10 NHS specimens completely inhibited killing of serum-resistant (ser(r)) gonococci by convalescent or immune DGI serum. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from NHS was shown to be the blocking agent. In addition, IgM (plus C') purified from NHS was shown to be fivefold more effective (wt/wt) in killing serum-sensitive (ser(s)) gonococci than equivalent amounts of IgM tested in the presence of IgG (whole serum). Although inhibition of NHS killing of ser(s) gonococci required a 640% excess of IgG, only a 40% excess was required to block immune serum killing of ser(r) gonococci. F(ab')(2) prepared from IgG also blocked killing of ser(r) gonococci by immune serum indicating antigenic specificity of blocking IgG.IgG immunoconcentrated against outer membrane protein (OMP) derived from ser(r) gonococci showed 40-fold increased blocking activity over normal IgG (wt/wt) and lacked antibody activity directed against gonococcal lipopolysaccharide by ELISA. Using direct immunoabsorption of IgG with purified gonococcal OMP; ser(r)-OMP was found sixfold more effective than ser(s)-OMP in neutralizing the blocking of immune serum killing of ser(r) gonococci, and 10-fold more effective in systems that used excess blocking IgG, NHS, and ser(s) gonococci. Blocking IgG preabsorbed with whole ser(r) gonococci lost 75% of its ability to block immune serum killing compared with no loss in this system using a similar absorption with ser(s) gonococci. IgG purified from NHS contained fivefold higher titers of antibody against ser(r)-OMP than ser(s)-OMP by ELISA. PMID- 6806322 TI - Sonography of the segmental human pancreatic transplant. PMID- 6806323 TI - Ultrasonically determined menstrual age as an indicator of fetal lung maturity. AB - The usefulness of ultrasonically determined menstrual age as a predictor of fetal lung maturity has been evaluated in patients without fetal or maternal disease undergoing repeat cesarean section. The menstrual age of each fetus was determined at 18-32 wk using biparietal diameter (BPD) measurements and previously established BPD growth curves. Lung maturity prior to delivery was assessed by measuring the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) in amniotic fluid. The menstrual age at the time of the amniocentesis was derived by extrapolation from the results of the first scan. When the Sabbagha Composite BPD growth curve was used for menstrual age determinations, the L/S was less than 2.0 in all cases before 34 wk, both less than 2.0 and greater than or equal to 2.0 between 34 and 38 wk, and greater than or equal to 2.0 in all but one case after 38 wk. This one case represents 1.2% of fetuses studied. These results suggest that in the absence of fetal and maternal disease, a menstrual age of 38 wk or older, based on an early BPD measurement and use of the Sabbagha Composite BPD growth curve, is indicative of lung maturity in most cases. PMID- 6806324 TI - Focused transducer beams in tissue-mimicking material. PMID- 6806326 TI - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography of pulmonary emboli. AB - The transit of peripheral emboli on two-dimensional echocardiography through the right side of the heart has not been reported before, to the best of our knowledge. Although this finding was fortuitous and unexpected in view of the transient and unpredictable nature of systemic venous emboli, it was a clinically important finding since it alerted the physician and ultimately changed the therapeutic approach. We suggest that echocardiography can detect impending pulmonary emboli by identifying random, bizarre signals reflected from the fibrin particles in the right atrium and right ventricle. Other conditions, as already mentioned, must first be excluded in order to arrive at the correct diagnosis. PMID- 6806325 TI - The role of ultrasound in the study of polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Seventy-eight patients with clinical findings pointing to possible polycystic ovarian disease (POD) were studied by ultrasound examination. The endocrine status of each patient was evaluated by assay of blood progesterone levels and gonadotropin luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (LH-FSH), both under basal conditions and after luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LH-RH) and androgen hormone stimulation (testosterone and 17-ketosteroids under basal conditions and after a suppression test with dexamethasone). POD was diagnosed in nine cases and confirmed in four at operation. Ultrasound examination as an aid to POD diagnosis is discussed and its value underlined as a precise method in determining ovarian size, shape, and structure, and as a follow-up for patients after surgery. PMID- 6806327 TI - Coexistent endometriomas in pregnancy: sonographic appearance. PMID- 6806328 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of a middle mediastinal mass. PMID- 6806330 TI - Choroidal hemorrhage simulating malignant melanoma. PMID- 6806329 TI - Pelvic varices simulating cystic ovaries: differentiation by pulse doppler. PMID- 6806331 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma: an anechoic caudal mass. PMID- 6806332 TI - Ultrasound demonstration of cerebellar hemorrhage in a neonate. PMID- 6806333 TI - Radial scanning of the breast: an alternative to the standard ultrasound technique. PMID- 6806334 TI - Anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic disorders. AB - This study has identified IgG and IgM anticoagulant antibodies in the synovial membranes of patients suffering from haemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in synovial tissues from normal subjects or in patients with other arthritides. In the majority of cases the antibody appeared to have the specificity of the lupus-like anticoagulant (LLA) seen in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The importance of these findings with regard to the treatment of certain cases of haemophilia and RA and the possible relation between the presence of these antibodies and viral infections is discussed. PMID- 6806337 TI - Survival of Sarcoptes scabiei. PMID- 6806335 TI - Origin and organization of pigment epithelial apical projections to cones in cat retina. AB - The apical surface of the retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) in the cat extend long sheetlike membranes that wrap concentrically above and around cone outer segments forming the cone sheath. The origin and organization of these sheetlike projections were studied in serial sections by electron microscopy. The apical surface of the RPE cells was found to consist of a thin zone of anastomosing ridges, or microplicae, from which longer projections extend. The lamellar projections forming the cone sheath originate from the microplicae as small cytoplasmic tabs that rapidly expand into broader sheets. Growth of individual sheets to their final size and shape continues by lateral and longitudinal expansion, fusion, and subdivision of the membrane. The small area of connection to the cell body allows the lamellae to overlap and interdigitate in forming the complex organization of the sheath. Microfilaments but not microtubules extend into the apical processes. RPE cilia (9 + 0 microtubules) with associated basal bodies, striated rootlets, and microtubules mark the location of retinal cones. These structures may be part of a microtubule organizing center that participates in morphogenesis of the cone sheath. They also may be involved in anchoring the apical projections forming the sheath, or in the movement of apical projections during the phagocytosis of outer segment discs shed from cone tips. PMID- 6806336 TI - Cutaneous tuberculosis. PMID- 6806338 TI - Malignant melanoma and dermatofibrosarcoma in a 60-year-old patient with lifelong acrodermatitis enteropathica. AB - The life course of acrodermatitis enteropathica is recorded in a 62-year-old white man. Initially saved in infancy by breast-feeding and good medical care, later in his twenties he responded well to diiodohydroxyquinoline (Diodoquin) therapy, his only residua being dermatitis, hoarseness, and short stature. Subsequently untreated, this patient years later developed not only a dermatofibrosarcoma but also a large amelanotic malignant melanoma. Both were successfully excised. Subsequently, oral zinc therapy initiated for the first time cleared his acrodermatitis, which had been present for 60 years. It is suggested that this patient's malignancies developed as a result of an immune deficiency state typically found in acrodermatitis enteropathica. On this basis, acrodermatitis enteropathica may be viewed as having a malignant potential over the long term. The zinc-dependent nature of the immune deficit, however, suggests that lifelong daily zinc supplementation is an appropriate prophylactic measure. PMID- 6806339 TI - Glutaraldehyde: an alternative to formocresol for vital pulp therapy. AB - Based on the limited results of this eight-week comparison of formocresol and glutaraldehyde, it would appear that glutaraldehyde may offer distinct advantages over formocresol, in the treatment of cariously exposed primary and young permanent teeth. In particular, due to its chemical structure, it is more active in fixing the surface tissues and is more rapidly limited in its depth of penetration through these tissues. Glutaraldehyde does not exhibit as significant an ability to induce the total loss of vitality, in the radicular pulp tissues. The progression of formocresol treated pulps to apparent fibrotic replacement via granulation-tissue ingrowth, through the apex, does not occur with the glutaraldehyde-treated pulp tissues. There may, however, be a slow progression of fibrotic replacement of the glutaraldehyde fixed tissue, in the coronal portion of the radicular pulp. Perhaps most importantly it would seem that since the glutaraldehyde does not perfuse the tissues to the apex, it will not demonstrate systemic distribution and other extradental phenomena, as have been identified with the use of formocresol PMID- 6806340 TI - Economic costs of attrition in clinical trials. AB - Conventional analyses of the cost-effectiveness of preventive regimens fail to account for the impact of attrition on reported costs. Using an economic model in which costs are allocated to fixed and variable components, and data from a recently completed clinical field trial, costs per participant are shown to vary with the rate of attrition. That this variation is usually obscured in reported studies results from methods conventionally used to measure the participants in calculating average costs. This paper proposes a method for resolving this dilemma by allocating costs among the number of beneficiaries in terms of resource utilization. PMID- 6806341 TI - Characterization of cysteine-containing phosphoproteins from human submandibular sublingual saliva. AB - Members of a family of acidic proteins taken from human submandibular-sublingual saliva were designated cysteine-containing phosphoproteins, since they could be distinguished from other salivary phosphoproteins by the presence of half cystine. These molecules consisted of a single peptide chain of approximately 14,000 daltons. Their isoelectric points ranged from 4.3 to 5.9. Two groups (C2 and C3) were O-phosphorylated. Their charge heterogeneity was apparently due to variations in content of phosphate and acidic and basic amino acids. PMID- 6806342 TI - O2-CO2-diagram and iso-shunt-lines for assessment of pulmonary gas exchange during artificial respiration. PMID- 6806343 TI - Cost-effectiveness of undergraduate programs in dietetics. AB - This study compares traditional undergraduate programs in dietetics with the new coordinated programs in six institutions which offer both. Cost is defined as the direct cost of instruction; effectiveness is defined as the proportion of graduates who pass the Registration Examination. Results show that although traditional and coordinated programs were equivalent in cost and in number of graduates, traditional programs produced fewer students eligible to take the examination and therefore fewer who passed it. Traditional undergraduate programs were, then, less effective in providing professionally qualified entry-level dietitians, according to this survey. PMID- 6806344 TI - Malnutrition in the hospitalized geriatric patient. AB - The nutritional status of 59 consecutive geriatric male patients admitted to the medical service of a Veterans Administration Hospital was evaluated and compared with that of 93 younger patients admitted during the period. Protein-calorie malnutrition was diagnosed in 61 per cent of patients aged 65 or older compared with 28 per cent of patients younger than 65. The death rate and the incidence of infection were higher in the malnourished geriatric patients, however, there was no increase in the incidences of these abnormal findings compared with well nourished patients udder the age of 65. The presence of malnutrition on admission, regardless of age, predicted a significant increase in the risk of infection or death during the hospital course. PMID- 6806345 TI - A long-term geriatric teaching ward in an acute-care hospital: a three-year experience. AB - The development and management of a long-term geriatric ward in an acute-care teaching hospital are described. Structure, function, and costs are discussed, and issues of service and medical education are emphasized. A full geriatric team (physician, nurse, social worker, physiotherapist, and occupational therapist) assessed 165 long-term patients in the general wards of the hospital and accepted 98 for admission to the new long-term geriatric ward. Of these, 31 were discharged; 29 per cent went to a facility that encouraged more independent living. Eighteen patients died during their stay in the geriatric ward; autopsies were obtained in 33 per cent--a higher autopsy rate than the average for general hospitals. General hospitals may continue to have large populations of chronically ill patients. This model for a geriatric ward may offer a way of dealing with a difficult situation. PMID- 6806346 TI - Treating diabetic ketoacidosis: university center vs. community facility. PMID- 6806347 TI - A modification for increasing the sensitivity of the casein-agar plate assay: a simple semiquantitative assay for thermophilic and mesophilic proteases. AB - A casein-agar plate assay was used for the quantitative determination of both mesophilic and thermophilic proteases. Because many proteases are thermostable, assay at higher temperatures is possible. The sensitivity of the plate assay increased with temperature, the optimum assay temperature depending on the thermostability of the enzyme (e.g. Thermus protease, 75 degrees C; thermolysin, 65 degrees C; trypsin, 65 degrees C; alpha-chymotrypsin, 45 degrees C). A positive correlation was observed between incubation temperature and the density of the para-casein precipitate, increasing the accuracy of diameter measurement. Using this modified method, thermostable proteases could be assayed at levels well below the limits of detection of other methods (e.g. 40 pg of thermolysin and 300 pg of trypsin detectable at 65 degrees C, a 16-fold increase in the sensitivity for trypsin compared with a conventional plate assay (Fossum, K. (1970) Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. Sect. B 78, 350-361)). The sensitivity of the plate assay could be further increased by the inclusion of some detergents and chaotropic agents in the gel. PMID- 6806349 TI - Age and oxygen utilization during submaximal treadmill exercise in males. AB - One thousand and fifty-eight men walked on a motor-driven treadmill at 3 miles/hour with the grade increasing 3% at 3-min intervals. (The 30 oldest men walked at 2 miles/hour.) Ventilation, Vo2, and Vco2 were recorded at each treadmill grade. During exercise Vo2 (in ml/min/kg of body wt) is significantly higher in younger compared with older boys. Vo2 increases slightly from age 20 though 59 years at any given work load. The respiratory exchange ratio (Vco2/Vo2) increases throughout the age range, particularly at the higher work loads. Ventilation (in 1/min/kg of body wt) decreases from age 10 to 20 years and increases thereafter, as does the ventilatory equivalent. The increased ventilation in young boys is characterized by an increase in respiration rate, whereas in older men it is accomplished through an increase in tidal volume. PMID- 6806348 TI - Adrenergic and non-adrenergic inhibitory nerves in mammalian airways. AB - A study of the actions of adrenergic and non-adrenergic nerves which affect mammalian airways was carried out. The preparations studied included strips of lung from guinea-pig, rat, rabbit, monkey and human, tracheal strips from the first 4 animals and bronchial strips from the last 3. Relaxations to field stimulation of sympathetic nerves were found in the guinea-pig trachea only. Functional nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves were found in the larger airways of all species except rat. Lung strips from all the mammals failed to respond to sympathetic or nonadrenergic inhibitory nerve stimulation suggesting a lack of functional inhibitory nerves of either type in the fine airways. Studies on the distribution of adrenergic nerves showed that primary target of the nerves in all species appeared to be the vasculature, especially in lung. Occasional fibres were seen entering the smooth muscle of the fine airways in guinea-pig, rabbit, and rat, but not in monkey or human lung or in monkey trachea or bronchus or human bronchus. Guinea-pig and rabbit trachealis muscles received a significant innervation but only the guinea-pig tissue responded to sympathetic stimulation. Inhibitory beta-adrenoceptors were demonstrated in the proximal airways of all species except rabbit. The fine airways of rat, monkey and human contained a mixed population of alpha-excitatory and beta-inhibitory adrenoceptors only were found in guinea-pig lung and alpha-adrenoceptors only in rabbit lung. PMID- 6806350 TI - The cost of knowing the truth-limitations to a cost-benefit analysis of upper GI endoscopy. AB - In a prospective series of 284 upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopies, outcome was evaluated by a cost-benefit analysis. Two-thirds of the endoscopies had a negative result, or a diagnosis was found which was not worth the costs of the endoscopy. The overall diagnostic gain of 284 endoscopies, however, outweighed the costs by a factor of three. Since at least one-third of the decision to endoscope are made for reasons other than seeking specific diagnosis, the applicability of a cost-benefit analysis to upper GI endoscopy is limited. PMID- 6806353 TI - Dispersal of non-sporeforming anaerobic bacteria from the skin. AB - Dispersal of non-sporeforming anaerobic bacteria was studied. Skin samples were taken from the subjects, and dispersed from different parts of the body was examined. The number of anaerobic bacteria dispersed was not correlated to their density on the surface of skin area exposed. The highest density of anaerobic bacteria on the skin was found in the face and upper trunk, but the highest yield of anaerobic bacteria dispersed came from the lower trunk. The dominant anaerobic bacteria dispersed were Propionibacterium acnes, but Propionibacterium avidum, Propionibacterium granulosum and Gram-positive cocci were also isolated from the dispersal samples. Peptococcus magnus was the most common coccus isolated. For the less frequently isolated bacteria, the best correlation was found between the perineal flora and airborne bacteria. A comparison was also made of bacterial dispersal by naked and dressed subjects. The dispersal of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was higher when the subjects were dressed in conventional operating theatre cotton clothing than when they were naked. The increased dispersal of anaerobic bacteria when the subjects were dressed was mainly due to increased dispersal of Propionibacterium sp. PMID- 6806351 TI - [The effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on P. aeruginosa]. PMID- 6806352 TI - An 1898 report by Gamaleya for a lytic agent specific for Bacillus anthracis. PMID- 6806356 TI - The Slidex-meningite-Kit (Bio-Merieux) tested for exoantigen detection in spinal fluids from purulent meningitis cases. AB - The Slidex-meningite-Kit allows the used of the rather highly sensitive and specific latex-agglutination method for the detection of N. meningitis group A and C and H. influenzae b exoantigens within a few minutes. In model experiments positive results persisted at unchanged intensity for prolonged periods of time regardless of storage temperature. However, in practical trials performed in a set of 60 spinal fluids from purulent meningitis patients etiological agent identification by the slidex-meningite-Kit failed at least as frequently as by cultivation; in the case of meningococci the kit even failed more often than cultivation. Hence the Slidex-meningite-Kit should be regarded as an auxiliary tool in the diagnosis of purulent meningitis and one that cannot replace the classical methods of cultivation and preparation staining. In the case of positive results, advantages of the Slides-meingite-Kit are rapidity in etiological agent identification and prolonged persistence of positivity in the spinal fluid samples. PMID- 6806355 TI - Experimental model of dysentery. AB - A method of producing experimental dysentery in rabbits has been developed. A prerequisite for this model is the fact that microscopic fungi eliminating biologically active substances are regularly found in the large intestine of man. Using a rubber probe, the large intestine of rabbits was preliminarily irrigated with the filtrate of the Aspergillus flavus fungus and subsequently, the suspension of a 24-hour culture of dysentery bacteria Shigella flexneri was administered. A specific pathological process characteristic of dysentery infection with positive pathomorphological, immunological and clinical manifestations developed in the experimental animals. The developed technique of the experimental dysentery model is easy to accomplish and can be widely used for the study of various problems of dysentery infection. PMID- 6806358 TI - VH families in the antibody response to p-azophenylarsonate: correlation between serology and amino acid sequence. AB - Anti-arsonate hybridoma antibodies of A/J mice have been grouped into 3 VH families by amino acid sequence analysis. One of these, the 91A3 family, which includes all CRI-positive molecules and some CRI-negative molecules, has been serologically defined by the presence of a VH marker (91A3 marker). Although the 91A3 family of antibodies is present at low levels in preimmune A/J serum and represents a substantial component of the A/J response to p-azophenylarsonate, the 91A3 family has not been detected serologically in the anti-Ar response of any other inbred strain tested. Analysis of sera from AXC Igh recombinant mice maps the 91A3 marker to the left of Igh-Dex, consistent with the location of the VH genes controlling the arsonate CRI. These studies establish a serologic assay that detects all members of a family of anti-arsonate antibodies defined previously by primary sequence analysis. This assay makes it possible to monitor in its entirety the expression of the products of a single or closely related group of genes. PMID- 6806357 TI - Cytokine-dependent thymocyte responses. II. Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes from immature thymocytes. PMID- 6806354 TI - Combined effect of nitrosodimethylamine and aniline on the enzyme systems of subcelluar structures. AB - The authors studied combined effect of aniline (20 mg/kg for a period of 4 weeks in drinking water) and nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) (30 mg/kg, a single intragastric dose) on the activity of enzymes of different subcellular structures: endoplasmic reticulum (cytochromes P450, B5, acetylesterase), mitochondria (malate dehydrogenase) and the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid in rat liver and of lysosomes (beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase). The combined action of NDMA and aniline was accompanied by more pronounced changes in the indices under investigation than isolated administration of the given chemical substances. The most pronounced aggravation of the unfavourable changes was observed in the activity of enzymes connected with the processes of oxidation and energy supply to the cell (malate dehydrogenase) and the metabolism of glucuronides (beta-glucuronidase) as well as in the content of N-acetylneuraminic acid. This may be connected with the modifying effect of aniline on the toxic effect of NDMA. PMID- 6806359 TI - The induction of alloreactive cytotoxic responses in vivo are inhibited by pretreatment with M is-disparate cells. AB - Alloreactive cytotoxic cells (CTL) are subject to regulation. These experiments were designed to study the in vivo down-regulation of CTL. Mice injected with allogeneic lymphoid cells (responders) develop CTL that are assayed in vitro by their ability to lyse 51Cr-labeled target cells of an appropriate H-2 haplotype. However, if CBA/J responder mice (H-2k, mls d) are pretreated with spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice, which are H-2 compatible (H-2k) but Mis- and minor antigen disparate (mis c), there is virtually complete inhibition of the ability to develop CTL against A/J cells (H-2a, mls c) in vivo. In a similar manner, pretreatment of CBA/J responders with B10.BR (H-2k, mls b) cells resulted in the inhibition of the CTL response against B10.A(4R) (H-2h4, mls b). The state of CTL responsiveness appears to be H-2 restricted and requires that the allogeneic cells used for immunization share minor histocompatibility antigens with the strain of mouse selected for pretreatment. PMID- 6806360 TI - Map position of Igh-Oxa gene within the Igh region of the DBA/2 mouse strain. AB - Mice of 23 BXD recombinant inbred strains derived from the cross of C57BL/6J and DBA/2J were typed for the presence of a public idiotype found in the antibodies against the hapten phenyloxazolone (phOx) produced by DBA/2 mice. The marker is under the control of an immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region gene, Igh-Ox. Eleven out of the 23 BXK strains shared the public idiotype with the DBA/2 progenitor, while 12 other BXD strains were negative, like the C57BL/6 progenitor. The Igh-Ox marker was inherited concordantly with allotype in all BXD strains except BXD-27, which carries the Igh-1c allotype of DBA/2 but lacks the Igh-Ox idiotype. The Igh-Ox marker was inherited concordantly with 4 other Igh-V markers (Igh-Np, Igh-Nb, Igh-Bgl, and Igh-Gte) in all BXD strains except BXD-20, which has the DBA/2 alleles at Igh-1 and Igh-Ox but resembles C57BL/6 at the other 4 markers. On the basis of these results the Igh-Ox marker is tentatively placed between Igh-C and the rest of the Igh-V markers. PMID- 6806362 TI - Arrangement of lambda light chain genes in mutant clones of the MOPC 315 mouse myeloma cells. AB - The synthesis of lambda light chains and the arrangement of the lambda-chain genes was examined in cells of the mouse myeloma MOPC 315, which is an alpha lambda 2 producer, and in several mutants derived from it. The mutants produce lambda 2 chains only (MOPC 315.26, MOPC 315.34, and MOPC 315.37) or fail to produce alpha and lambda 2 chains (MOPC 315.25 and MOPC 315.36). Messenger RNA from the lambda 2 chain-producing cells directed the synthesis of a lambda 2 chain precursor and a fragment of the lambda 1 chain (lambda 1 F) in a wheat embryo cellfree system, whereas mRNA from the cells that do not produce lambda 2 chains directed the synthesis of lambda 1 F only. DNA from the parental MOPC 315 cells and from the lambda 2 chain-producing cells contained discrete EcoRI restriction fragments coding for rearranged lambda 1 and lambda 23 chain genes and their respective germ-line V and J-C regions. DNA from the no-Ig-producing cells contained fragments coding for the rearranged lambda 1 chain gene and the germ-line V lambda 2 region, but it lacked the sequences coding for the rearranged lambda 2 chain gene and the germ-line V lambda 1 and J-C lambda 1 regions. These results suggest that rearrangements of the lambda 1 and lambda 2 chain genes occur on different chromosomes in MOPC 315 cells and imply that rearrangements of the lambda 1 and lambda 2 chain genes on the same chromosome may be mutually exclusive. PMID- 6806363 TI - Demonstration that nonspecific bovine Brucella abortus agglutinin is EDTA-labile and not calcium-dependent. AB - The binding site of B. abortus involved in nonspecific or false-positive agglutination by bovine serum was shown to be Ca++-independent in that binding of Ca++ by the chelating reagent DP2TA did not decrease titers. The reduction in agglutination by EDTA, EGTA, and DPTA was thought to be related to a common structural characteristic of these chelating reagents not exhibited by EDDA and DP2TA or to a lesser extent by DTPA. Removal of antigenic entities from the cell by the chelator was excluded as the cause of agglutination inhibition because agglutination by nonspecific IgM was not influenced by repeated washing of B. abortus by EDTA. The action of the chelators on the cell-agglutinin interaction was hypothesized to be a result of their competition with a receptor site on the cell for binding of the nonspecific or biochemically altered bovine IgM. PMID- 6806361 TI - Detection of an altered I-A beta polypeptide in the murine Ir mutant, B6.C-h 2bm12. PMID- 6806364 TI - Structural characterization of the human T cell surface antigen (p67) isolated from normal and neoplastic lymphocytes. PMID- 6806365 TI - A human myeloma cell line that does not express immunoglobulin but yields a high frequency of antibody-secreting hybridomas. AB - We selected an 8-azaguanine-resistant variant of a human myeloma cell line (RPMI 8226) by cloning the parental cells on a feeder layer of mouse spleen cells in the presence of increasing concentrations of 8-azaguanine. Culture media and cellfree extracts of both the parental and variant (8226 AR/NIP4-1) cell lines were assayed for production of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains by double immunodiffusion and for lambda-chain by radioimmunoassay. Secretion of free lambda-chain by the parental cell line was confirmed. In contrast, no immunoglobulin heavy or light chains were detected in culture medium of the variant cell line by either immunodiffusion or radioimmunoassay. No intracellular lambda-chain could be detected in the variant cells by radioimmunoassay of cellfree extracts or by immunofluorescence of fixed cells. Hybridomas were produced by fusion of 8226AR/NIP4-1 cells with lymphocytes from a mesenteric lymph node recovered at surgery from a hypertransfused renal transplant recipient. Twenty hybrid culture supernatants were assayed for immunoglobulin by double immunodiffusion, and 15 contained either IgG (lambda) or IgG (kappa). None produced IgM or IgA. An IgG (kappa)-producing hybridoma was shown by immunofluorescence not to express lambda-chain. A second fusion between the variant cell line and spleen cells from a renal transplant patient produced a stable hybridoma secreting IgM (lambda) antibody specific for the I antigen. PMID- 6806366 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity as a membrane marker for activated B cells. AB - Alkaline phosphatase activity was assayed by a microtiter assay (with p nitrophenylphosphate used as substrate) in the plasma membrane of mouse spleen cells activated in vitro by the B cell mitogen LPS and the T cell-dependent B cell mitogen, PWM. No activity was detected in spleen cells cultured in the presence of the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A. This alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in the blast-enriched 30 to 40% fraction of discontinuous Percoll gradients in LPS-treated cultures, and the enzymatic activity assayed was susceptible to inhibition by the alkaline phosphatase inhibitors EDTA and L phenylalanine. These data support the idea that the membrane alkaline phosphatase activity could be used as a marker for activated B cells. PMID- 6806369 TI - Major histocompatibility antigens are not expressed on human epididymal sperm. PMID- 6806368 TI - Detection of a common antigen on murine B cells and Lyt-2+ T cells by a rat monoclonal antibody, 14D10. AB - This paper reports the production of a rat monoclonal antibody, 14D10, which recognizes a determinant shared between B cells and Lyt-2+ T cells. Three subpopulations of spleen cells were defined based on the density of bound 14D10. They have been designated 14D10-SP (strongly positive), 14D10-WP (weakly positive), and 14D10-N (negative). Dual parameter immunofluorescence studies showed that 90% of 14D10-SP cells are IgM+ cells and more than 92% IgM+ cells are 14D10-SP. Of 14D10-WP cells, approximately 60% are Lyt-1+2+ T cells and less than 10% are IgM+ cells. However, most (greater than 90%) of Lyt-2+ T cells are reactive with 14D10. Staining of purified populations of Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- T cells with fluoresceinated 14D10 also showed greater than 90% of Lyt-2+ T cells to be 14D10+, and fewer than 10% of Lyt-2- T cells are 14D10+. Mouse thymus contained very few (congruent to 5%) 14D10+ cells. Analysis of bone marrow cells shows almost all small cells to be 14D10+. Six Abelson virus-transformed cell lines all express the antigen recognized by 14D10. PMID- 6806370 TI - Heterogeneity of human monocyte subsets in the promotion of B cell colonies and the role of interleukin 1. AB - The abilities of human peripheral blood mononuclear-phagocyte (M phi) subpopulations and of interleukin 1 (IL 1) to support human B cell colony formation in semisolid cultures stimulated by staph protein A were analyzed. Human M phi subsets enriched for complement receptors (CR) effectively functioned as accessory cells supporting colony growth, whereas the responses obtained with CR-depleted M phi were 4.6-fold less. In experiments analyzing IL 1 production, CR-enriched M phi secreted four to 12 fold greater amounts of basal and stimulated IL 1 than CR-depleted M phi. Also, the addition of IL 1 to CR-depleted M phi resulted in a fourfold increase of colony numbers. The responses of cultures containing CR-depleted M phi plus IL 1, however, remained 30% less than those observed for cultures supplemented with CR-enriched M phi. Other studies showed that IL 1 was unable to substitute for M phi; the responses of cultures containing IL 1 and B cells were reduced 10-fold compared to cultures supplemented with autologous M phi. These findings indicate that human M phi subsets exist that differ in their ability to function as accessory cells. Although IL 1 can collaborate with certain M phi subsets to restore their accessory cell function, it cannot replace intact M phi. Thus, it is possible that other monokines or lymphokines play a role in M phi accessory cell function. PMID- 6806371 TI - Separable helper factors support B cell proliferation and maturation to Ig secretion. AB - The 24-hr culture supernatant of Con A-activated spleen cells (SN) contains helper factors that enable maturation to high-rate polyclonal Ig secretion and enhance proliferation in cultures of mouse B cells activated with the F(ab')2 fragment of class-specific rabbit antimouse IgM antibody (anti-Ig). When interleukin 2 (IL 2), also called T cell growth factor, is removed from SN by absorption with an IL 2-dependent cell line at either 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C, all the helper activity for anti-Ig-activated B cells is also removed. Partial removal of IL 2 results in partial removal of helper activity for B cells. However, the IL 2-depleted SN appears to contain another helper factor, TRF, that enables anti-Ig-activated B cell cultures to mature to high-rate Ig secretion. This TRF activity is revealed by adding purified human IL 2 or an IL 2-containing supernatant of a cloned, lectin-activated T cell hybridoma line (FS6-14.13) to Il 2-depleted SN, which restores the polyclonal antibody response to anti-Ig. The hybridoma supernatant by itself supports proliferation of anti-Ig-activated B cell cultures, as measured by an increase in cell number, but not maturation to Ig secretion. This proliferative response is likewise IL 2 dependent, although purified IL 2 with anti-Ig is not sufficient. These experiments define separable combinations of factors acting on anti-Ig-activated B cell cultures, one of which (SN) results in both proliferation and maturation to high-rate Ig secretion, whereas the other (hybridoma supernatant) results in proliferation only. IL 2 appears to be an essential component of both combinations, although the target cell for IL 2 action in this system remains to be determined. PMID- 6806367 TI - Concanavalin A-induced human lymphocyte mitogenic factor: activity distinct from interleukin 1 and 2. AB - Fresh human mononuclear cells (MNL) cultured in serum-free medium and stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) produce a lymphokine functionally similar to the previously described antigen-induced lymphokine human lymphocyte mitogenic factor (LMF). T lymphocytes appear to be the source of Con A-induced LMF and the presence of adherent monocytes is required for maximal production. The proliferative response to LMF, assayed either as supernatant fluids in the presence of alpha-methyl-D-mannoside or as partially purified 27,000 to 35,000 m.w. fractions from Bio-Gel P-100 columns, indicates LMF is distinct from Con A. LMF acts almost exclusively on B lymphocyte-enriched (E rosette-negative) MNL while exhibiting only minimal activity on T lymphocytes and no activity on monocytes. LMF preparations induce both B cell proliferation and the maturation and proliferation of E rosette-negative T cell progenitors into E rosette positive cells. Assay of interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interleukin 2 (IL 2) preparations for LMF activity implicate IL 2 as the T cell progenitor stimulating factor. Assay of the proliferation of human IL 2-dependent alloreactive T lymphocyte line/ATLL) indicates that LMF preparations contain IL 2, IL 2 activity, however, is completely removed by absorption of LMF preparations by ATLL cells, whereas LMF activity (B cell proliferation) is unabsorbable, thus distinguishing LMF from IL 2. These absorbed LMF preparations contain no IL 1 activity as assayed by murine thymocyte proliferation, nor does IL 1 have LMF activity. These results indicate that Con A-induced LMF contains a functionally distinct lymphokine with the ability to act as a B cell growth factor. PMID- 6806374 TI - Lymphocyte dysfunction in cartilage-hair hypoplasia: evidence for an intrinsic defect in cellular proliferation. AB - Individuals with cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), an autosomal recessive form of short-limbed dwarfism, have markedly reduced lymphocyte proliferative responses and cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions, but normal humoral immunity. In the present study we investigated the cellular basis of the immunodeficiency in CHH. Defective lymphocyte proliferation could be due to a) an imbalance of immunoregulatory lymphocyte subpopulations, b) defective accessory cell function, or c) an intrinsic cellular defect in lymphocytes from CHH individuals. The absolute numbers of B cells and immunoregulatory (OKT4+, OKT8+) T cells were markedly diminished, but the proportions of these populations were the same as in the normal controls. OKM1+ lymphocytes were increased in proportion, and OKM1+ macrophages had normal adherence, helper, and phagocytic properties. Co-culture experiments failed to reveal any evidence of suppression by CHH mononuclear cells. CHH lymphocytes could not be stimulated to proliferate normally with B and T cell activators, mitogenic monoclonal antibody (OKT3), allogeneic cells, or chemical activators (Ca++ ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate). Fibroblasts from three CHH individuals also proliferated at a significantly decreased rate, compared to two normal lines. These results demonstrate a selective loss of B and T lymphocytes in CHH, as well as an intrinsic proliferative defect in CHH lymphocytes distal to the initial events in the lymphocyte activation sequence. These findings in CHH fibroblasts and lymphocytes may reflect a generalized defect present in multiple cell types in CHH. PMID- 6806376 TI - kappa-Chain restriction in anti-galactan antibodies. AB - Complete kappa-chain variable region sequences were determined for 10 light chains from anti-beta-(1,6)-D-galactan-binding monoclonal antibodies. Eight of these light chains were from IgM and two from IgG proteins. Seven of the eight IgM light chains were identical from position 1 to 95, the region encoded by the light chain variable region gene. The eighth differed at a single framework position. The two IgG light chains were identical in sequence and differed from the IgM light chains at two framework positions. All 10 light chains have an lle at position 96, as has been previously reported in 5 of 6 anti-galactan myeloma proteins. This residue is the first amino acid normally encoded by the light chain J gene. None of the germ line J genes encodes an lle at position 96, and furthermore the lle codon cannot be generated by alterations in the frame of recombination between the codon for amino acid 95 and J gene codons. These light chains are thus the product of an unusual and reproducible recombination event that appears to employ an extra codon at the 3' end of the variable region gene. Three different J segments are potentially used in these light chains J1 or J2 was found in three chains and J5 in seven. PMID- 6806377 TI - Noncovalent association of heavy and light chains of human immunoglobulins. III. Specific interactions between VH and VL. AB - Mildly reduced monoclonal human IgM proteins have been cleaved at cysteinyl residues to give VH fragments after S-cyanylation with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid. The noncovalent interaction between the VH fragments and autologous kappa chains was studied by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy and circular dichroism. A bimolecular complex was formed with an association constant in excess of 10(7) M-1 at 23 degrees C. Complex formation was accompanied by burial of tryptophan and tyrosine side-chains. In contrast to the studies with autologous species, the VH fragments did not associate with heterologous kappa-chains as judged both by difference spectroscopy and gel filtration using radiolabeled VH fragments. This specificity in the association between VH and VL has been attributed to interactions contributed to by residues in the third hypervariable region of VH encoded by the DH and JH genes. PMID- 6806373 TI - Microenvironmental studies of pre-B and B cell development in human and mouse fetuses. AB - Immunofluorescence techniques were used to trace the development of cells expressing mu heavy chains in humans and mice. IgM B cells were distinguished from pre-B cells by their additional expression of kappa or lambda light chains. Generation of pre-B and progeny B cells was evident in hemopoietic fetal liver and bone marrow, but not in thymus, heart, lung, spleen, kidney, and placental tissues. Pre-B and B cells, in a ratio of 2 to 1, were abundant in sections of hemopoietic liver and in bone marrow from 12- to 15-wk-old human fetuses, whereas these cells were rare in nonhemopoietic liver samples obtained beyond the 34th week. In mouse fetal liver mu+ cells appeared first around the 12th day of gestation and increased in frequency throughout the third trimester. On day 17 of gestation, kappa light chain expression by 1% of mu+ cells was noted, and the percentage of kappa+/mu+ cells increased progressively to more than 80% by 5 days after birth. Pre-B and B cells were interspersed among myeloid and more abundant erythropoietic cellular elements in the extrasinusoidal areas adjacent to hepatic cords. A loose clustering or "starburst" distribution pattern of pre-B cells became evident around day 17. These observations suggest a model for in situ generation of pre-B and progeny B cells in the hemopoietic fetal liver. In the midst of more numerous erythropoietic elements, immunoglobulin-negative precursors divide to generate a loose colony of mu+ pre-B cells that divide again before giving rise to a wave of IgM B cells. PMID- 6806379 TI - Estimate of the light chain repertoire size of fetal and adult BALB/cJ and CBA/J mice. AB - The potential light chain repertoires expressed by IgM antibodies of fetal liver and adult spleen cells were compared. B cells from these sources were stimulated by the polyclonal mitogen bacterial lipopolysaccharide and after 3 days were fused to construct hybridomas. The light chains synthesized by these hybridomas were isolated by electrophoresis and their heterogeneity was examined by isoelectric focusing. A total of 109 BALB/c and 77 CBA/J hybridoma-derived light chains obtained from fetal liver and adult spleen cells were analyzed in this way. Fifty-three and 45 unique light chains were obtained from BALB/c and C57BL/6 hybridomas, respectively. Some of these were repeated more frequently than others, but no significant differences were seen in the heterogeneity of the light chain spectrotypes of fetal and adult CBA/J and BALB/cJ mice. Furthermore, the kappa:lambda ratio of light chains were the same in fetal liver as adult derived hybridomas. These results show that the heterogeneity of light chains as determined by IEF and the kappa:lambda ratio of IgM immunoglobulins is established very early in ontogeny. PMID- 6806380 TI - Limit-dilution analysis of weak influenza-immune T cell responses associated with H-2Kb and H-2Db. AB - A limiting-dilution analysis has been made of influenza-immune cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response patterns associated with H-2Kb and H-2Dd in the B10.A(5R), and H-2Kk and H-2Db in the B10.A(2R) and B10.A(4R) recombinant mouse strains. In previous in vivo experiments the H-2Kb allele has been shown to be associated with low responsiveness or nonresponsiveness, whereas Db-restricted influenza-specific responses were found to be weak in recombinant strains that possessed the Kk allele. Influenza-immune CTL restricted to the more "dominant" H 2Dd and H-2Kk alleles were found consistently when primed T cells were restimulated in vitro under limiting-dilution conditions. Precursors were present at frequencies of at least twice background levels (lysis of normal targets) in the great majority of experiments, performed with or without added helper factors. The H-2Kb- and H-2Db-restricted responses were much more variable and, for H-2Kb but not for H-2Db, were completely absent when the culture medium did not contain added interleukin preparations. Even so, experiments in which individual microcultures were tested on more than one target demonstrated conclusively both that H-2Kb-restricted CTL can be generated under limiting dilution conditions and that most, if not all, of these T cells do not cross react with influenza virus presented in the context of H-2Dd. The characteristics of these "weak" responses are thus that they are more help dependent and show evidence of greater variability between individual mice than the "dominant" CTL clones do. PMID- 6806378 TI - Acute phase reactants of mice. I. Isolation of serum amyloid P-component (SAP) and its induction by a monokine. AB - The acute phase reactant of mice, serum amyloid P-component (SAP), was purified and separated from C-reactive protein (CRP). The purified SAP is composed of identical M, 31 Kd polypeptide subunits, determined by SDS-PAGE. SAP levels increased five-fold by 24 hr after challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or thioglycollate. This response closely correlated with blood monocytosis and required new macromolecule (protein + RNA) synthesis and secretion by the liver. The induction of the SAP response was adoptively transferred by a serum factor produced in optimal concentrations only 90 min after an inflammatory stimulus, which preceded a detectable increase in SAP. A potent SAP inducer was identified in culture supernatants of LPS-activated macrophages. The rapid induction of SAP synthesis in LPS-unresponsive C3H/HeJ mice was dependent on the amount of lymphocyte-activating factor, LAF(IL 1), present in the macrophage culture supernatants. Partially purified human IL 1 also induced a rapid increase in SAP. Thus the induction of SAP in mice appears to be mediated by a product of macrophages, a cell population that is also expanded as part of the systemic inflammatory response. PMID- 6806372 TI - Characteristics and regulatory function of murine con A-induced, cloned T cells obtained from Peyer's patches and spleen: mechanisms regulating isotype-specific immunoglobulin production by Peyer's patch B cells. PMID- 6806382 TI - Rabbit anti-human CSF IgG. I. Characterization of anti-idiotype antibodies produced against MS CSF and detection of cross-reactive idiotypes in several MS CSF. AB - Serum from rabbits injected with IgG prepared from the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis were rendered anti-idiotypic by adsorption on sequential columns of pooled human gamma-globulin, free light chains and free heavy chains. Adsorbed antisera precipitated between 15% and 45% of the autologous ligand and were inhibited by autologous CSF and serum and F(ab')2 fragments prepared from serum IgG. Idiotypic cross-reactivities were detected among the CSF IgG of several MS patients using three of these antisera. Two antisera demonstrated low levels of cross-reactivity with CSF IgG obtained from two of six heterologous MS patients. The third antiserum detected highly cross-reactive idiotypic determinants in the CSF IgG of two family members both having MS. PMID- 6806381 TI - Identification of the physiologically active state of the mycobacterial glycolipid trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate and the role of fibrinogen in the biologic activities of trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate monolayers. PMID- 6806375 TI - Effects of immunoglobulin structure on Fc receptor binding: a mouse myeloma variant immunoglobulin with a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid heavy chain having a complete gamma 2a Fc region fails to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages. AB - We report here the primary structure of an immunoglobulin heavy chain synthesized by ICR 16, a variant of the MPC 11 mouse myeloma cell line. The ICR 16 heavy chain is a gamma 2b-gamma 2a hybrid, consisting of the CH1 domain of gamma 2b and the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of gamma 2a subclasses. The genetic mechanism by which ICR 16 occurred may be recombination, based on homologies in both coding and intervening sequences in gamma 2b and gamma 2a constant region genes. Although the Fc fragment of ICR 16 is completely gamma 2a-like and has been shown to bind to gamma 2a Fc receptors on mouse macrophages, the intact H2L2 molecules is unable to do so. Such an observation underscores the crucial role that conformation may play in the ability of immunoglobulins to carry out biologic functions. PMID- 6806383 TI - The alloantibody response in the allogeneically pregnant rat. I. The primary and secondary responses and detection of Ir gene control. AB - We compared the primary pregnancy-induced alloantibody responses with secondary pregnancy-induced responses and with conventional immunologic responses and found there are profound differences. Conventional and secondary responses produce strong lytic sera and readily detectable immunologic memory. The primary pregnancy-induced responses lack memory and produce alloantisera or widely variable titer. Such sera were rarely directly lytic. Pregnancy-induced primary responses detect MHC Ir gene control, even when the allogeneic difference is a complete HMC haplotype. The kinetics of the primary and secondary pregnancy induced alloantibody responses against DA were different. We conclude that the primary pregnancy-induced alloantibody response is very different immunologically from conventional and secondary pregnancy-induced alloimmunizations. PMID- 6806385 TI - Immune response of the mouse to gram-negative bacterial outer membrane extracts as assessed with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane extracts of known serotype antigens as well as isolates from a linear carriage study were used to immunize mice for subsequent production of monoclonal antibodies. As well, membrane extracts from one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, serotype M, were used. The degree of specificity of the resulting monoclonal antibodies to the two genera differed markedly when tested with known serotype antigens. That is, antibody from a given clone reacting with more than one serotype specificity was a more frequent occurrence among clones resulting from the Pseudomonas fusion. Preexisting "natural" antibody to several Pseudomonas species is considered at least partially responsible for the diversity of the response to this genus. Evidence is presented for the divergence of specificity with time after immunization with Neisseria. PMID- 6806384 TI - Biosynthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF-acether). IV. Impairment of acetyl-transferase activity in thioglycollate-elicited mouse macrophages. PMID- 6806386 TI - Antitumor activity and hydrogen peroxide release by macrophages elicited by trehalose diesters. AB - Trehalose diesters (natural 6,6'-trehalose dimycolate from Mycobacterium tuberculosis or synthetic (a 76 carbon atom analogue)), when suspended in water, give stable and well-defined emulsions. These emulsions, injected i.p. in mice significantly limit the growth of P815 syngeneic mastocytoma cells. They elicit macrophages with a cytostatic activity against P815 cells in vitro, strong enough to be expressed at low effector to target ratios (E/T = 1.4) or after a short coincubation period (2 hr). The antitumor potential of these macrophages seems to coincide with their ability to release H2O2 upon pharmacologic triggering. Depressed levels of alkaline phosphodiesterase and beta-galactosidase are proposed as other biochemical markers of cytostatic macrophages. PMID- 6806387 TI - The use of cellulose carbonate-based immunoadsorbents in the isolation of minor allotypic components of rabbit immunoglobulin populations. AB - Cellulose trans-2,3-carbonate has been used as a new insoluble matrix for the simple coupling of a1- and b4-positive rabbit immunoglobulin to make immunoadsorbents capable of purifying from serum, with great efficiency, alloantibodies to these allotypic determinants. The antibodies have themselves been conjugated to prepare specific antibody immunoadsorbents of high binding activity for their allotypic target molecules. With these anti-allotypic solid phase reagents it has been possible to affinity purify a1- and b4-positive immunoglobulin molecules and to deplete serum immunoglobulin of these molecules to leave in the eluates only the allotypically uncontaminated minor immunoglobulin components which are a-negative or b-negative (lambda chain bearing) molecules. lambda chain molecules were also purified in very small quantities by affinity chromatography on a sheep anti-rabbit lambda chain column. This method of purifying minor populations of rabbit immunoglobulin from normal serum by special immunoadsorbent applications offers new opportunities to study the products of rarely expressed immunoglobulin genes in normal rabbits. PMID- 6806388 TI - The value of immunohistological screening in the production of monoclonal antibodies. AB - This paper describes an immunoperoxidase technique for labelling cryostat tissue sections which is routinely used in the authors' laboratories both in the initial screening of hybridoma culture supernatants, and also during the subsequent cloning and growth of antibody-secreting cell lines. The technique can readily be performed on 100 samples in less than 3 h and is free of non-specific background labelling. The staining pattern of a monoclonal antibody on a single tissue section allows semiquantitative assessment of its reactivity against a wide variety of tissue constituents and is thus inherently much more informative than conventional screening techniques (such as binding assays) which yield only a single numerical value for each test performed. In consequence it is often possible to identify the probable specificity of a new monoclonal antibody at the primary screening stage. A further important advantage of immunohistological screening is that it detects antigens on cells or other tissue structures which do not readily enter suspension and also antibodies against nuclear and cytoplasmic antigens. Examples of monoclonal antibodies analysed by immunohistological screening include antibodies against C3b receptor, HLA-DR, factor VIII-related antigen, human syncytiotrophoblast, dendritic reticulum cells and a proliferation-associated cell surface glycoprotein. PMID- 6806389 TI - Texas Red, a hydrophilic, red-emitting fluorophore for use with fluorescein in dual parameter flow microfluorometric and fluorescence microscopic studies. AB - The sulfonylchloride derivative of the red-emitting fluorophore, sulforhodamine 101, has been synthesized in order to provide a reagent for coupling to amino groups on proteins and other compounds, and it is now commercially available under the name 'Texas Red'. Texas Red conjugates of antibodies and other proteins have been prepared in high protein yields; these conjugates retained their biological activities and were strongly fluorescent. The excitation and emission spectra of Texas Red conjugates are widely separated from those of molecules labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Texas Red is therefore an excellent reagent for use in single or dual label flow microfluorometric and fluorescent microscopic studies. PMID- 6806390 TI - Labeling of Rh antibodies on solid-phase protein A. AB - Rh0(D) antibodies which retain immune specificity after radiolabeling were prepared by a procedure which does not require IgG isolation from serum, requires 10-fold less isotope than conventional techniques and yields antibody solutions of defined composition. The method involves radioiodination of IgG on immobilized protein A, depends on employing human red cells reduced in surface cytophilic IgG, and exploits the inability of goat IgG to interact with Staphylococcus aureus protein A. The technique concentrates IgG by affinity adsorption and should prove useful in preparing radiolabeled alloantibodies from dilute human antisera and for red cell autoantibodies. PMID- 6806391 TI - Allotype and charge-related differences in the immune response. AB - Rabbits homozygous at the Ab kappa chain allotypic locus (Ab4/Ab4 and Ab9/Ab9) were immunized with negatively and positively charged antigens. The negatively charged antigens were bovine serum serum albumin (BSA; pI = 4.9), ovalbumin (OV; pI = 4.9) and two synthetic polypeptides: copolymer L-glutamic acid L-tyrosine (abbreviated TG; pI = 4.8) and multichain poly (L-tyrosine: L-glutamic acid) poly D-alanine: poly L-lysine (poly L-lysine backbone) abbreviated (TG) --AL; pI = 4.8). The positively charged antigen was hen egg lysozyme (LYS; pI = 10.2). Homozygous Ab9 rabbits responding to negatively charged antigens made less antibody than did Ab4 homozygotes. In contrast, both groups of animals responded equally well to positively charged lysozyme. The relative electric charges of the antibodies were assessed by Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The charge distribution was found to depend on the charge of the eliciting antigen. The positively charged antibodies of Ab9/Ab9 rabbits were not nearly as positively charged as those raised in Ab4/Ab4 rabbits. The difference in average electric charges and in the range of these charges between Ig Ab4 and Ig Ab9 explain quantitative differences in antibody formation in response to negatively charged antigens and may be a contributing factor to the "pecking order", i.e. unequal phenotypic expression of light chain genes in Ab4/Ab9 heterozygotes. PMID- 6806392 TI - Inhibition of secondary IgG responses by monosaccharides: evidence for I-region control. AB - Certain monosaccharides selectively inhibit secondary IgG responses in vitro. Genetic analyses described in this report revealed that the inhibitory sugars differed between mouse strains and these differences mapped to the I-J and I-C subregions of the murine MHC. These results imply that interaction between T and B lymphocytes can involve the recognition of I-region controlled carbohydrate structures. PMID- 6806393 TI - Genetic analysis of H-2 linked gene(s) affecting early mouse embryo development. AB - The number of cells in preimplantation mouse embryos of different H-2 haplotypes was analysed. It was found that embryos of the H-2k haplotype have fewer cells per embryo than those of the H-2b haplotype. By analysing reciprocal congenic pairs of mice it was demonstrated unequivocally that slow development is linked to the H-2k haplotype and fast development to the H-2b haplotype. The gene (s) in the H-2 complex which influence early mouse embryo development have been named Ped: preimplantation embryo development. Analysis of F1 hybrid embryos showed that fast development is dominant. Reciprocal F1 crosses yielded identical results, which indicated there was no apparent effect of the maternal egg cytoplasm on Ped gene expression. Analysis of F2, and back-cross embryos was consistent with the interpretation that there is a major gene located in the H-2 complex (Ped), which is modified by environment and genetic background, that influences early mouse embryo development. PMID- 6806394 TI - The immune response of allophenic mice to the synthetic polymer GL phi. III. Allotype analysis of anti-GL phi antibody. AB - Allophenic mice produced by aggregating 8-cell embryos from a low responder (CBA) and a high responder (DBA/1) strain to the synthetic amino acid polymer GL phi.. In some strains of mice the immune response to this polymer is controlled by two genes, alpha and beta, which map to the IE/C and IA subregions of the H-2 complex, respectively. The CBA strain is alpha+beta--whereas the DBA/1 strain can be considered to be alpha+beta+. These two strains also differ in immunoglobulin allotype: CBA is allotype alpha and DBA/1 is allotype c. Eight CBA--DBA/1 allophenic mice were immunized with GL phi.. Four of the mice gave a high secondary response to the polymer. The allotype of the antibody from these mice was determined by affinity chromatography, and it was found that only allotype c was present. This means that all of the antibody was produced by high responder DBA/1 cells. Thus, there is no evidence for the cooperation of histoincompatible cells in the mounting of an immune response by allophenic mice. PMID- 6806395 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to haemoglobin. IV. Ly-1+ T-cells and appropriate non-H-2 genes are required for in vitro responses to alpha- and beta subunits of human adult haemoglobin. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine if non-H2 gene effects could be demonstrated in mice which had been primed to either the alpha-subunit or beta subunit of human haemoglobin. It was found that C3H.SW (H-2b) and Balb/c (H-2d) mice are low responder mice to alpha-chain of a haemoglobin when compared to H-2 identical B10 (H-2b) and B10.D2(H-2d) mice. B120.S and A.SW (both H-2s) are responsive to beta-chain challenge while Balb/c mice are low responders in contrast to high responder B10.D2 mice. Ly-1+ cells were demonstrated to be required (by cell depletion experiments) for an in vitro T-cell proliferative response to either subunit. In these experiments, Ly-2+ cells were not of crucial importance. PMID- 6806396 TI - Effects of aflatoxin B, aflatoxin B, aflatoxin G and sterigmatocystin on viability, rates of development, and body length in two strains of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera). PMID- 6806398 TI - The mucopolysaccharidoses: a synergism between clinical and basic investigation. AB - The mucopolysaccharidoses are a family of genetic diseases involving faulty degradation of one or more type of mucopolysaccharide or glycosaminoglycan. These conditions are characterized by skeletal, connective tissue, and intellectual manifestations. Biochemical investigations over the past 10-20 yr have enhanced our understanding of the clinical conditions and advanced our knowledge of catabolic pathways for complex biological structures. Identification of stored and excreted materials as partially degraded glycosaminoglycans allowed classification of these conditions on clinical and chemical criteria. The development of a cell culture model for studying the mucopolysaccharidoses lead to the identification of a variety of lysosomal sulfatases and glycosidases as deficient enzymes. This stimulated the identification of several new conditions. Knowledge of primary biochemical defects improved genetic services by providing accurate diagnosis, facilitating carrier identification and improving prenatal diagnosis. Glycosaminoglycan excretion patterns associated with individual enzyme defects suggested sequential degradative pathways for GAGs and related macromolecules. Attempts at enzyme replacement revealed a complex system of recognition markers and membrane receptors for the uptake of extracellular proteins. Multiple enzyme deficiencies are providing information on lysosomal enzyme synthesis and processing. The mucopolysaccharide storage diseases offer an excellent example of a productive synergism between basic biology and clinical medicine. PMID- 6806397 TI - New regulators of melanogenesis are associated with purified tyrosinase isozymes. AB - Three new regulatory factors in the melanogenesis pathway were recently described: dopachrome conversion factor accelerates the conversion of dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole; indole conversion factor accelerates the conversion of 5, 6-dihydroxyindole into melanin; and indole blocking factor retards the conversion of 5, 6-dihydroxyindole into melanin. Exposure of wild-type Cloudman melanoma cells in culture to melanotropin (MSH) removes blocking factor activity and increases indole conversion factor activity. The chemical nature of factors has not yet been determined. In this report we demonstrate that highly purified isozymes of tyrosinase from C57B1/6N murine hair bulbs and B16 murine melanoma are closely associated with conversion and blocking factor activities. The soluble isozymes. T1, T2, and T2 contain blocking factor activity, while isozyme T4, the major tyrosinase species found in melanosomes, contains activity that accelerates melanin formation from dopachrome. The results suggest that melanogenesis is regulated by the association of these different factors with the specific tyrosinase isozymes. PMID- 6806401 TI - Intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen. AB - The intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen is a cellular pathway that accounts for the destruction of 10-60% of collagen synthesized by a variety of cell types prior to secretion. This pathway can serve in a regulatory role to limit the secretion of defective molecules, and, in response to some extracellular mediators, regulates the amount and type of collagens secreted. In addition, this pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of a variety of conditions affecting the extracellular matrix including fibrosis, diabetes mellitus, and scurvy. PMID- 6806399 TI - Immunological methods for the detection and determination of connective tissue proteoglycans. AB - In this paper we report the use of immunological methods for specifically detecting and determining proteoglycan in cartilage and other connective tissues. Antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) have been raised against specific components of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates (i.e., proteoglycan monomer and link protein). Radioimmunoassay procedures and immunohistochemical procedures have been developed and used to demonstrate the occurrence of cartilage-like proteoglycan and link protein in bovine aorta. Similarly, immunofluorescent studies have been used to analyze proteoglycan distribution in skin. Using antibodies specific for chondroitin-4-sulfated proteoglycan, their presence was demonstrated in dermal connective tissue and connective tissue surrounding nerve and muscle sheaths. However, chondroitin-4-sulfated proteoglycan was completely absent in the epidermis of skin and areas surrounding invaginating hair follicles. These immunological procedures are currently being used to complement conventional biochemical analyses of proteoglycans found in different connective tissue matrices. PMID- 6806402 TI - Temporal patterns of ultrastructural alterations in hepatocytes of chimpanzees with experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Non-A, non-B hepatitis was transmitted to eight chimpanzees by intravenous inoculation with antihemophilic materials (factor VIII) that had been implicated in transmission of the disease, with acute-phase liver homogenate from an infected chimpanzee, with acute-phase from an infected chimpanzee, or with chronic-phase plasma from infected chimpanzees. All eight animals developed elevated alanine aminotransferase activity, and all demonstrated unique hepatocyte cytoplasmic tubules at some time during the acute phase of disease. The temporal patterns for tubule appearance in hepatocyte cytoplasm, however, were highly variable, even between chimpanzees given similar inocula. Convoluted membranous structures were found occasionally in early or pre-acute-phase liver biopsy specimens. Aggregates of microtubules were also found in hepatocyte cytoplasm in some acute-phase biopsy specimens. No disease-specific nuclear changes or structures, including clusters or crystalline arrays of virus-like particles, were found in any of the serial liver biopsy specimens from chimpanzees with experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6806400 TI - Structural abnormalities in the dermal collagen and elastic matrix from the skin of patients with inherited connective tissue disorders. AB - Skin from patients with inherited disorders of connective tissue metabolism (EDS Types I-IX, Marfan's syndrome, osteogenesis imperfecta, spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, and cutis laxa) has been examined by light and transmission electron microscopy for defects in the collagen and elastic fibrous connective tissue which may explain the clinical disorder and/or correlate with the biochemical defect (where known). Alterations were observed in the organization of the dermis and in the individual collagen and elastic fibers. The major alterations observed among collagen fibrils were hieroglyphic-shaped fibrils, collagen flowers, unravelled fibrils and fibrils of normal shape but abnormally large or small diameters or a mixed population of both. Elastic fibrils were sometimes fragmented, highly branched, granular, densely stained and had inclusions suggestive of cellular debris. These changes appeared to be a consequence of degradative processes. Other fibers were seen with a paucity of elastin matrix associated with the microfibrils or with totally separate deposition of the two elastic fiber components. Such fibers were barely visible by light microscopy. Alterations were observed in tissue concurrently regardless of whether the biochemical defect was related to only one of these connective tissue structures. The observations support an hypothesis that alterations in one component of the connective tissue matrix may influence the deposition and structure of others, ultimately, modifying the overall organization and mechanical properties of the tissue. PMID- 6806405 TI - Correlation of tissue infection with bacteriuria. PMID- 6806407 TI - [Annual changes of type distribution patterns of group A streptococci from April 1978 to March 1980 and of the drug resistance from 1974 to 1977 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806408 TI - [Serotype and antibiotic susceptibilities of Group A hemolytic streptococci isolated in Japan, 1978-1979 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806406 TI - Inhibition of cellular cytotoxicity of leukocytes for herpes simplex virus infected cells in vitro and in vivo by intralipid. AB - The effect of intralipid, a lipid emulsion used in total parenteral nutrition, on cellular cytotoxicity for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells was analyzed. In vitro, intralipid inhibited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of lymphocytes, monocytes-macrophages, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and natural killer cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for radiolabeled HSV-infected liver cells. This was due to an effect on the leukocytes, rather than on the target cells. Intralipid did not affect leukocyte viability but inhibited the expression of leukocyte Fc receptors necessary for cytotoxicity. In vivo, intralipid inhibited murine ADCC and completely nullified the protection against lethal infection with HSV in neonatal mice afforded by the administration of human leukocytes and antibody. These data suggest that high levels of circulating intralipid may interfere with antiviral immunity in humans and predispose hosts who are already compromised to severe viral infections. PMID- 6806409 TI - [Epidemiological study on streptococcal infectious diseases and group A streptococci in Akita: classification of 21 serotypes of group A streptococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806410 TI - [Studies on streptococcal T antibodies. I. Basic studies on hemagglutination reaction for determination of streptococcal T antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806404 TI - Detection of meningococcal carriage by throat culture. PMID- 6806403 TI - Sporadic non-A, non-B hepatitis: frequency and epidemiology in an urban U.S. population. AB - Patients with acute viral hepatitis were identified at five hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland between February 1979-August 1980. Of the 295 patients with serologically diagnosed hepatitis, 42% had non-A, non-B hepatitis; 48% had hepatitis B; and 10% had hepatitis A. Compared with matched control patients with no liver disease, patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often had received a blood transfusion (11% vs. O, P less than 0.001), used parenteral drugs (42% vs. 4%, P less than 0.001), were employed as health workers in direct patient care or hospital laboratory work (6% vs. 3%, P less than 0.05), had personal contact with others who had hepatitis (16% vs. 1%, P less than 0.001), or had ingested raw shellfish (34% vs. 20%, P less than 0.01). A history of previous clinical hepatitis and serologic markers indicating previous hepatitis B infection were found in patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis more often than in the control patients. Chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was found in 34 (42.5%) of 80 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis. PMID- 6806412 TI - [An epidemiological survey of Group A-, B-, C- and G- hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throat of asthmatic, tuberculous and obese children. Part I: Rate of detection and analysis by group and type (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806411 TI - [Studies on streptococcal T antibodies. II. Clinical and epidemiological studies on streptococcal type T4-specific antibody examined by hemagglutination reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806413 TI - [An epidemiological survey of Group A-, B-, C-, and G- hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throat of asthmatic, tuberculous and obese children. Part II: Personal follow-ups (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806415 TI - [1979-fiscal-year-survey for throat-carriers of hemolytic streptococci among children in Tokyo (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806416 TI - [Evaluation of dynamic pituitary function testing in patients with hyperprolactinemia on diagnosis of pituitary prolactin-secreting adenoma (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty hyperprolactinemic women were divided into four group according to radiological and computed tomographic findings of sella turcica as follows; sulpiride-induced (N = 7), functional (N = 6), microadenoma (N = 9) and macroadenoma (N = 8). It was measured the serum basal level of pituitary LH, FSH, PRL, TSH and GH, and the responsiveness to LH-RH, TRH, insulin administration, respectively. These values were compared to that during bromocriptine treatment (5mg/day, 2 weeks). Before and during treatment with bromocriptine, there were not significant changes of basal level of LH, FSH and TSH, and also the responsiveness to LH-RH administration in four group. In pretreatment period, PRL responsiveness to TRH was good in sulpiride-induced and functional groups, but decreased in microadenoma and macroadenoma groups. During bromocriptine treatment period, basal PRL level was significantly suppressed in three groups except sulpiride-induced group, and PRL responsiveness to TRH was good in three groups except macroadenoma group. These findings ae concluded as follows: 1) Mechanism of the disturbance of ovulation in hyperprolactinemia does not closely related to pituitary gonadotroph dysfunction. 2) Decreased PRL responsiveness to TRH (maximal fold increase: under 40%) is of diagnostic value of pituitary adenomas. 3) Difference of PRL responsiveness to TRH during treatment with bromocriptine is distinguishing the microadenoma from macroadenoma. PMID- 6806417 TI - [Experimental induction of yolk sac tumor in rat (author's transl)]. AB - Unlike those experiments described in the previous several reports, a carcinogen was given to pregnant rats in our experiment to induce a tumor similar to yolk sac tumor which often occurs in human cases, aiming at contribution to establishment of an experimental model. Using Wister rat on the 10th day of gestation, ater removal of the fetus, the yolk sac was extracted out of the uterus, and a carcinogen was administered to it. Induced tumor was examined morphologically. By the 16th week after experiment, tumor was induced in 70% out of rats treated. The tumor volume was varied from a bean to a thumb tippize. Histologically, most of them were considered to be teratoma. But in 30% of them, human pure-type yolk sac tumor or the tumor similar to it were observed. Reticular and endodermal sinus or polyvesicular vitelline patterns were also clearly observed. Presence of hyaline body by PAS-staining and AFP by fluorescent antibody method were confirmed. PMID- 6806414 TI - [An epidemiological survey of Group A-, B-, C- and G-hemolytic streptococci isolated from the throat of asthmatic, tuberculous and obese children. Part III: Susceptibility to antibiotics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806419 TI - Resection of the tongue with the carbon dioxide laser. PMID- 6806418 TI - Response to fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII-related antigen to stimulation with desmopressin in hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Impairment of fibrinolysis is supposed to contribute to CVD. In 38 hyperlipoproteinemic patients, known to be at risk for early CVD, fibrinolytic activity was measured before and after stimulation with DDAVP. A negative correlation was found between serum triglyceride levels and fibrinolytic activity, both before and after DDAVP. A subnormal activity was invariably found when serum triglyceride concentration was above 8 mmol/L. The defect can be attributed to low levels of extrinsic plasminogen activator. High cholesterol levels were not associated with impairment of fibrinolysis. Fibrinolytic activity and response to DDAVP were lowest in those patients with hypertriglyceridemia who also had a tendency to develop hyperchylomicronemia. (type V/IV). The low fibrinolytic activity in this type of hyperlipoproteinemia cannot be explained by obesity. Factor VIII was higher than normal in most patients with hyperlipoproteinemia; the level increased after stimulation with DDAVP in every patient. This imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis might increase the risk of CVD. PMID- 6806422 TI - Role of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis in the control of gonadotrophin secretion in rats. AB - The organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) was destroyed by radiofrequency lesions in regularly cycling and in long-term ovariectomized adult rats. After OVLT lesion practically all cyclic females (16 out of 22) became dioestrous, as indicated by vaginal smears. At the time of killing these animals (8 days after the lesion) serum LH levels were undetectable, while serum FSH was as low as in cyclic animals in dioestrus. In the few OVLT-lesioned animals which exhibited some sort of oestrous cyclicity, serum LH showed a small subphysiological increase at pro-oestrus; this was not accompanied by a parallel increase in serum FSH and in these animals a delayed peak of FSH occurred on the day of oestrus. Ovariectomized rats bearing OVLT lesions had serum titres of Lh and FSH as high as those of ovariectomized control rats. It is suggested that the OVLT may play a role in the control of the cyclic release of gonadotrophins but is not involved in the tonic regulation of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 6806420 TI - Corticoliberin and somatoliberin activity in the pituitary stalk median eminence of rats after neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate. AB - Neurotoxic lesions of the arcuate nucleus by neonatal treatment monosodium glutamate (MSG) resulted in a decrease of plasma GH levels without affecting plasma corticosterone concentration. The corticoliberin activity of the pituitary stalk median eminence (SME) in MSG-treated animals was similar to that of litter mate controls. Growth hormone releasing (somatoliberin) activity of the SME, tested after placing an anterolateral cut around the medial basal hypothalamus, was significantly lower in MSG- treated than in control animals. It was concluded that the substantial proportion of the somatoliberin neurones are found in the arcuate nucleus. PMID- 6806421 TI - Distribution of 125I-labelled follicle-stimulating hormone and human chorionic gonadotrophin in the gonads of hypogonadal (hpg) mice. AB - Hypogonadal mice are deficient in LH releasing hormone (LH-RH), the releasing factor for LH and FSH, with a consequent failure of postnatal ovarian and testicular development. After intravenous injection of hypogonadal females with 125I-labelled human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), followed by autoradiography of semi-thin (1 micrometer) slices of the ovary, labelled hCG was found to be associated with interstitial cells and thecal cells with little or no labelling of granulosa cells. Labelled human FSH was associated solely with granulosa cells. Hypogonadal females, implanted for 5 days with a silicone elastomer capsule of oestrogen, showed a similar response to that of normal females with hCG labelling of the granulosa cells of the larger follicles as well as of the thecal cell layer. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of hypogonadal females with LH-RH (50 ng), 12 times daily for 5 days, increased uterine weight and stimulated ovarian development with some large follicles binding hCG to both thecal and granulosa cells. Therefore stimulation of follicular development may possibly be associated with increased oestradiol concentrations. In the male, after injection of 125-I-labelled hCG, silver grains were associated with the interstitial cells alone in both hypogonadal and normal mice. Labelled human FSH was undetectable in semi-thin testicular sections, but the mode of injection (intravenous) not have allowed enough labelled hormone to reach the testis in order to resolve the question as to whether the hypogonadal or normal testis can bind FSH. PMID- 6806423 TI - Plasma cortisol response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in healthy kennel dogs and in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism. AB - The change in the plasma concentration of cortisol after the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) was studied in normal dogs and in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH). The normal dogs showed a small but significant increase in the plasma concentration of cortisol 15 min after intravenous injection of TRH and LH-RH. In ten of the dogs with PDH the response to TRH was not significantly different from that in the normal dogs, but in 13 the response was significantly greater. In 15 of the dogs with PDH the response to LH-RH administration was within or below the range of responses in the normal dogs and in only one dogs was the response to LH RH greater than that in the normal dogs. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of PDH. PMID- 6806424 TI - Metabolic clearance rate in sheep of a met-enkephalin analogue estimated by radioimmunoassay. AB - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay developed for measuring the met enkephalin analogue d-ala2-met(0)5-ol-enkephalin (DAMME) was used to study the pharmacokinetics of DAMME in the circulation of sheep. Plasma concentrations of DAMME were measured at varying time-intervals after an intravenous bolus injection or following a constant intravenous infusion of the analogue. The mean metabolic clearance rate of DAMME was 2.8 ml/min per kg, the mean circulating half-life was 52 min and the mean volume of distribution was 190 ml/kg. The longer circulating time of the analogue when compared with that of naturally occurring met-enkephalin would appear to explain its prolonged analgesic effect. PMID- 6806425 TI - Calcium and wound healing in Xenopus early embryos. AB - The role of calcium in the healing of wounds made in the ectoderm of Xenopus neurulae has been studied. Embryos have been wounded in the presence of calcium inhibitors, and the effects on wound healing observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, unwounded embryos have been exposed to a local application of ionophore A23187 to simulate the possible calcium fluxes following wounding. Lanthanum, which competes for calcium channels, inhibits wound healing. EDTA, which binds divalent cations, also inhibits wound healing, but its effect can be reversed by the addition of excess calcium. Local application of ionophore A23187, which promotes transport of calcium across biological membranes, results in a local change in cell shapes. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that wound healing in amphibian early embryos, which is effected by changes in cell shapes similar to those seen in certain examples of normal morphogenesis, is initiated by a local influx of calcium into cells. PMID- 6806427 TI - The effects of hypercapnia on intracellular and extracellular acid-base status in the toad Bufo marinus. AB - Toads (Bufo marinus) were exposed to environmental hypercapnia of 5% CO2 in air, and extracellular and intracellular acid-base parameters were determined 1 and 24 h after the onset of hypercapnia. The initial drop in pH was compensated by the elevation of extracellular and intracellular bicarbonate. Relating the pH compensation to the pH drop that is expected to occur by increased PCO2 at constant bicarbonate concentration, the pH compensation in the extracellular space was 30% and reached the following values for intracellular body compartments: 65% in skeletal muscle, 77% in heart muscle and 44% in skin. The additional bicarbonate was partly produced by blood and intracellular non bicarbonate buffers; the major portion of the remainder was related to the excretion of ammonia into the environmental water. The hypercapnia-induced changes of pH were considerably smaller in all tissue cells than in the extracellular space. Thus Bufo marinus exhibits the relative preference of intracellular over extracellular acid-base regulation that has been observed in other vertebrates. PMID- 6806428 TI - Long-term submergence at 3 degrees C of the turtle Chrysemys picta bellii in normoxic and severely hypoxic water. III. Effects of changes in ambient PO2 and subsequent air breathing. AB - Western Painted Turtles, Chrysemys picta bellii (N = 5), were maintained submerged and apneic for 90 days: days 0-21 in severely hypoxic water (PO2 = 0-5 mmHg), days 22-43 in aerated water (PO2 approximately 160 mmHg), and days 44-90 again in hypoxic water. From day 90 onward, the water was aerated and the turtles were allowed access to the air; water and air temperatures were maintained at 3 degrees C. Arterial blood samples were taken periodically and analysed for PO2, PCO2, pH, [Na+], [K+] [Cl-], [lactate-], [glucose] and haematocrit. Plasma [HCO3 ] was calculated for all samples and total plasma calcium was measured on samples from two animals. Each exposure to low PO2 water caused progressive lactic acidosis and a transient respiratory acidosis with an accompanying fall in plasma [Cl-] and rise in plasma [K+] and [calcium]. During the intervening period in aerated water, blood pH recovered significantly (from 7.33 to 7.74 in 7 days), due primarily to a fall in PCO2 (from 23.5 to 10.6 mmHg), while [lactate-] remained unchanged (at about 50 mM), and [HCO-3] rose slightly. Plasma [K+] promptly returned to nearly normal values. When permitted to breathe on day 90, the three surviving turtles rapidly restored pH to normal by pronounced hyperventilation (PCO2 less than 5 mmHg). Metabolic acidosis, however, disappeared slowly with a t1/2 for [lactate-] and [HCO-3] restoration of about 2 weeks. We conclude that a wintering turtle can stabilize or even slightly improve its acid-base and ionic status by moving from an anoxic environment to well oxygenated water. Further improvements can be gained by breathing air, but recovery proceeds at a very slow rate if the animal remains at 3 degrees C. PMID- 6806426 TI - The effect of changes in blood oxygen-carrying capacity on ventilation volume in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - 1. Changes in ventilation volume (Vg) of rainbow trout caused by hypercapnia, hypoxia and anaemia were measured directly by collection of expired water. 2. Exposure to hypercapnic water (PCO2 range 0.5-2 kPa) increased Vg (by up to four times) by augmenting ventilatory stroke volume; breathing frequency remained constant. O2 added to the inspired water in maintained hypercapnia reduced Vg at all but the highest level of PCO2. 3. Vg increased when blood oxygen content was decreased by exposure to normoxic hypercapnia, but addition of O2 to the water increased blood oxygen content and Vg decreased. 4. When blood oxygen-carrying capacity was depressed by hypoxia or anaemia, Vg increased as it did during normoxic hypercapnia. 5. We suggest that ventilatory responses to low levels of hypercapnia, to hyperoxic hypercapnia, to hypoxia, and to anaemia in trout are related to changes in levels of blood oxygen content under these conditions. PMID- 6806438 TI - Attempts to infect plant protoplasts with Toxoplasma gondii. AB - The interaction of tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii with plant protoplasts was compared with their interaction with cultures of HeLa cells. Unlike the HeLa cells, the plant protoplasts were refractory to invasion under all conditions tested. The lack of invasion was not an artefact of the protoplast isolation technique. This is the first description of a cell type refractory to Toxoplasma invasion; hence possible mechanisms for the specificity of parasite-host cell interaction can now be studied. PMID- 6806433 TI - Effect of starvation on transport, membrane potential and survival of Staphylococcus epidermidis under anaerobic conditions. AB - When washed suspensions of Staphylococcus epidermidis were starved under anaerobic conditions the viability declined to less than 10% within 12 h. Although RNA was slightly degraded during this period the principal substrate for endogenous metabolism was protein and the intracellular amino acid pool. The adenylate energy charge and the ability to transport serine declined markedly within the first 6 h of starvation. With the majority of batches of organism investigated the membrane potential, as measured by the accumulation of Cs+ by valinomycin-treated organisms, also decreased significantly during this period. Addition of glucose or serine during starvation reversed these effects to varying extents provided that feeding took place during an early phase (2 h) of starvation. There was no apparent correlation between the magnitude of the membrane potential and viability. PMID- 6806434 TI - The isolation of cell surface mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1. AB - The isolation of cell surface mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus RAG-1 was demonstrated by a method based on the differential immunoprecipitating properties of wild-type cells and mutants. In the presence of antiserum, about 99% of wild type cells in suspension sedimented following overnight agglutination. The kinetics of antiserum-induced agglutination was quantified by measuring the time dependent decrease in turbidity. For mutant isolation, a sample of the cells remaining in the supernatant fluid served as inoculum for a fresh culture. This enrichment procedure of sequential growth and agglutination was repeated until the supernatant fluid following the overnight agglutination step remained turbid. Of the 40 colonies isolated in this manner, 34 exhibited altered agglutination properties. The agglutinability of wild-type cells varied with the phase of growth - cells harvested during the exponential phase were agglutinated better than those in stationary phase. In contrast, the antiserum-induced agglutination of most mutants was poor during the early phases of growth, but improved during late-stationary phase. One mutant failed to agglutinate in the presence of antiserum irrespective of the phase of growth. PMID- 6806435 TI - Uptake of 3,4-dihydroxy[3H]phenylalanine by Mycobacterium leprae isolated from frozen (-80 degrees C) armadillo tissue. AB - Mycobacterium leprae separated from armadillo tissues stored at -80 degrees C is similar to that from human sources in its ability to take up 3H-labelled 3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA). Several inhibitors were studied which showed complete or partial inhibition of [3H]DOPA uptake. These findings suggest that M. leprae isolated from frozen tissue possesses an active uptake system for [3H]DOPA. PMID- 6806439 TI - Role of DNA repair genes and an R plasmid in conferring cryoresistance on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa wild-type, uvr, pol and rec strains to ultraviolet (u.v.) light, X-rays and freezing and thawing was determined. An R plasmid, pPL1, which increased resistance of the wild-type uvr, and pol but not rec strains to u.v. light, increased the resistance of only rec and pol mutants to X-rays and freezing and thawing. These findings reinforce the idea of DNA as a target in the organism for freeze-thaw stress and suggest that freeze-thaw induced DNA damage might be similar to that produced by X-rays but different from that produced by u.v. light. PMID- 6806436 TI - Immunological basis of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The immunological basis for resistance of certain strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to the bactericidal action of normal human serum was studied by investigating the potential role of factors which are known to interfere with each of the sequential steps that result in immune lysis of Gram-negative bacteria. Strains of N. gonorrhoeae were characterized as serum-sensitive (sers) or serum-resistant (serr) on the basis of their sensitivity to lysis by the sera of six normal individuals. Neither intrinsic resistance to the lytic action of activated human complement nor inaccessibility of the cell membrane to C5b accounted for serr. Outer membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was the target antigen for lytic antibody in normal human sera. The gross chemical composition and molecular size of the LPS of the strains were heterogeneous and no consistent patterns of differences between those extracted from serr and from sers strains were found. Neither IgA nor IgG 'blocking' antibody in normal human serum was responsible for serr. We conclude that serr results from the absence from the LPS of the strains of antigenic loci for the lytic antibody in most normal human sera, or, expressed as a function of the host, the absence from the sera of most normal humans of lytic antibody directed against LPS antigenic loci for immune lysis. PMID- 6806429 TI - Acute autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. II. Susceptibility is controlled by the combination of H-2 and histamine sensitization genes. AB - The expression of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in mice is controlled by several dominant genes, H-2 and histamine sensitization genes. SJL/J and SWR/J, which are H-2s and H-2q, respectively, are susceptible to EAE and sensitive to Bordetella pertussis histamine-sensitizing factor (HSF), which produces a vasoactive amine hypersensitivity. Other H-2s or H-2q strains such as A.SW, B10.Q and several others do not develop acute EAE and are not sensitive to B. pertussis HSF. One strain tested, DDD (KsIsD?) is HSF sensitive but does not develop EAE (presumably because it lacks the appropriate responder H-2 haplotype). However, F1 hybrids between B10.S and DDD are sensitive to HSF and develop EAE. The induction and effector phases of acute EAE are apparently controlled by the combination of H-2 and HSF genes. A combination of the correct H-2 hapotype and histamine sensitivity is required for the development of acute EAE. PMID- 6806430 TI - Re-evaluation of thyroid hormone status after long-term hormone therapy. AB - Once thyroid hormone is prescribed, it is usually continued throughout a persons's lifetime. It is therefore important that the diagnosis be based on the most definitive test available. In this study with a primary care population of 6,000 individuals, 24 patients were found to carry the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. A careful view of the records showed that the diagnosis was inadequately documented by current standards in 20 of these 24 individuals. A 21 day hormone withdrawal test was done in ten of the patients in whom the diagnosis was suspected, and 60 percent were found to be euthyroid. Although the number of patients was small, this does encourage the speculation that many patients diagnosed in the past as hypothyroid may in fact be euthyroid. The medical as well as economic impact of this high rate of misdiagnosis becomes apparent when the one contemplates the 15,000,000 prescriptions for thyroid hormone written annually in the United States. PMID- 6806437 TI - Isolation and properties of an inducible and a constitutive beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The inducible beta-lactamase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 8203 and the constitutive beta-lactamase from strain 1822 S/H have been isolated and compared. These two enzymes are apparently periplasmic since they are released by freezing and thawing. They resemble each other closely in their molecular weights, amino acid composition, isoelectric points and electrophoretic mobility as well as in their catalytic properties, and they may be identical. Neither enzyme contains a free thiol group. PMID- 6806440 TI - Heterogeneity of the S-100 protein specific binding sites in synaptosomal particulate fractions and subfractions. AB - The specific interaction of S-100 protein with synaptosomal particulate fractions (SYN) was further investigated with special reference to the number of binding components and their localization in synaptosomal subfractions. Binding studies were conducted on SYN from various CNS regions, on synaptosomal subfractions from the cerebral cortex, and on cerebral cortex SYN under various conditions. The results suggest that S-100 binds to two populations of membrane sites: high affinity sites, which seem to be confined to neuronal membranes (synaptosomal plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles), and low-affinity sites, which are also detected in other membranes. The data are consistent with the view that the biphasic profile of S-100 binding to SYN does not result from heterogeneity of the S-100 molecule, and that the Ca2+ conformation of the protein is as important as the proper conformation of the binding site for full expression of high affinity binding. PMID- 6806431 TI - Prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition in an extended care facility. AB - The prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition has been documented in the acute care hospital. Thirty randomly selected patients at an extended care facility were studied as to their nutritional status. Anthropometric measurements of height, weight, arm circumference, and triceps skin fold were obtained as well as laboratory studies of hematocrit, while blood cell count, albumin, and transferrin. Between 47 and 66 percent of the patients had moderate or severe protein-calorie malnutrition by anthropometric measurements, and 60 percent had a serum albumin level less than 3.5 g/100 mL. There was a significant correlation (r greater than .5) between the percent of standard weight/height and arm muscle circumference (r = .601, P less than .001) as well as triceps skin fold (r = 6.13, P less than .001). Serum albumin was highly correlated to hematocrit (r = .721, P less than .001). Sixty percent of the patients were anemic and 24 percent were leukopenic. There was no correlation between length of stay and serum albumin. Physicians will need to increase their awareness and observation of this problem in patients in extended care facilities and become cognizant of the potential detrimental effects protein-calorie malnutrition may have on the rehabilitative process. PMID- 6806432 TI - Viral hepatitis. PMID- 6806442 TI - EDTA inhibits in vitro increases in the GABA content of human CSF. AB - Aliquots of pooled samples of lumbar CSF from patients with neurological disorders were subjected to storage at room temperature for different periods of time up to 4 days. The determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in CSF by a radioreceptor assay showed a progressive increase in GABA content with time, which could be counteracted by addition of EDTA (5 mM). Similar results were obtained with cisternal CSF collected from dogs. The in vitro increases in GABA levels of untreated CSF might relate to the action of a metal-enzyme which is inhibited by metal-trapping substances such as EDTA. PMID- 6806443 TI - Adenosine measurement by a rapid HPLC-fluorometric method: induced changes of adenosine content in regions of rat brain. AB - We describe a rapid, sensitive method to determine brain adenosine content by HPLC. Adenosine is first reacted with chloroacetaldehyde to form fluorescent 1,N6 ethenoadenosine. The derivative is then separated from interfering compounds by HPLC on a C18 reverse-phase column and quantitated by fluorometry. We found that adenosine was rather uniformly distributed in nine brain regions of animals killed by microwave radiation. In contrast, there was an increase of adenosine in hippocampus, frontal cortex, and especially striatum of animals killed by decapitation. Moreover, adenosine content increased approximately 10-fold in the thalamus, mesencephalon, and ponsmedulla if the animals were exposed to CO2 for 1 min before they were killed by microwave radiation. Our method should be a useful aid for providing new information about the metabolic and proposed transmitter roles of brain adenosine. PMID- 6806446 TI - Biogenic aldehyde metabolism in rat brain: subcellular distribution of aldose reductase and valproate-sensitive aldehyde reductase. AB - Reductase activity towards two aldose substrates has been examined in subcellular fractions prepared from rat brain. The reduction of glucuronate, which is sensitive to inhibition by the anticonvulsant drug sodium valproate, corresponds to the major high-Km aldehyde reductase in brain. Xylose reduction that is insensitive to valproate inhibition has characteristics consistent with the activity of aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Both enzymes are predominantly localized in the cytosolic fraction. The significance of the location of these two reductases is discussed in relation to the compartmentation of catecholamine metabolism in brain. PMID- 6806445 TI - Biochemistry of Alzheimer's dementia. PMID- 6806447 TI - Transsynaptic regulation of olfactory bulb catecholamines in mice and rats. AB - Norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), and 3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were measured simultaneously by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection in extracts of olfactory bulbs at various intervals after chemical or surgical deafferentation. Chemical deafferentation of mice by intranasal irrigation with Triton X-100 or of rats by olfactory axotomy resulted in a rapid progressive decline of DA and DOPAC and an associated rise in NE in the olfactory bulb. However, after several weeks, these values returned to prelesion levels concomitant with reinnervation of the bulb by the afferent neurons. In contrast, deafferentation by procedures known to prevent reinnervation of the bulb by the afferent chemoreceptor neurons (i.e., a ZnSo4 solution in mice or a surgical procedure in rats) completely blocked the return to pre-lesion values of DA, DOPAC, and NE. The specificity of these effects was demonstrated by the inability of intranasal administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine to alter DA levels, resulting instead in a significant decline in olfactory bulb NE content. These data demonstrate that the DA content of the olfactory bulb can be influenced by either chemical or surgical modulation of the afferent pathway in two different species. This offers additional support for our hypothesis of transsynaptic regulation of intrinsic DA neurons of the bulb by the afferent olfactory chemoreceptor neurons. PMID- 6806441 TI - Carbon balance studies of glucose metabolism in rat cerebral cortical synaptosomes. AB - Synaptosomes were isolated from rat cerebral cortex and incubated with [U-14C]-, [1-14C]- or [6-14C]glucose. Glucose utilization and the metabolic partitioning of glucose carbon in products were determined by isotopic methods. From the data obtained a carbon balance was constructed, showing lactate to be the main product of glucose metabolism, followed by CO2, amino acids and pyruvate. Measuring the release of 14CO2 from glucose labelled in three different positions allowed the construction of a flow diagram of glucose carbon atoms in synaptosomes, which provides information about the contribution of the various pathways of glucose metabolism. Some 2% of glucose utilized was calculated to be degraded via the pentose phosphate pathway. Addition of chlorpromazine, imipramine or haloperidol at concentrations of 10(-5) M reduced glucose utilisation by 30% without changing the distribution pattern of radioactivity in the various products. PMID- 6806444 TI - Postnatal development of the light response of the dopaminergic neurons in the rat retina. AB - The effect of light on retinal dopamine (DA) synthesis and content in dark adapted rats was assessed 15 h and 2, 4, 7 and 16 days after eye opening (13 to 14 days after birth). The accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) following inhibition of its decarboxylation was used to estimate DA synthesis. At 7 and 16 days, but not earlier, light significantly augmented DOPA formation. These increases were as dramatic as those reported for adult rats. DA in dark-adapted retinas ranged from 0 (undetectable) at 15 h to 83% of adult levels at 16 days, but were only 36% of that of adult retinas at 7 days. Light produced a significant decline in DA at 16 days but not at any other time point. These results indicate that the dopaminergic neurons synthesize transmitter and respond to light at a time when the neuronal pools of DA are not yet mature. PMID- 6806448 TI - Evidence for glucocorticoid target cells in the rat optic nerve. Hormone binding and glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase induction. AB - Biochemical evidence suggests that neuroglia are responsive to glucocorticoids, yet previous studies of glucocorticoid localization have typically failed to demonstrate significant uptake by neuroglial cells. To further investigate this problem, we measured glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity and glucocorticoid receptor binding capacity in normal rat optic nerves and in those undergoing Wallerian (axonal) degeneration. Binding studies were also performed on hippocampus and anterior pituitary for comparison purposes. Normal optic nerve preparations possessed a high level of GPDH activity that was glucocorticoid inducible and that increased further following axonal degeneration. Antibody inactivation experiments demonstrated the presence of more enzyme molecules in the degenerating nerve preparations. correlative immunocytochemical studies found GPDH-positive reaction product only in morphologically identified oligodendrocytes, a result that is consistent with the previously reported localization of this enzyme in rat brain. Optic nerve cytosol fractions displayed substantial high-affinity binding of both dexamethasone (DEX) and corticosterone (CORT) that, like GPDH, was elevated approximately two fold in degenerating nerves. Finally, in vivo accumulation of [3H]DEX and [3H]CORT by optic nerve and other myelinated tracts was examined using nuclear isolation and autoradiographic methods. Although neither steroid was found to be heavily concentrated by these tissues in vivo, a small preference for DEX was observed in the nuclear uptake experiments. These results are discussed in terms of the hypothesis that glial cells are targets for glucocorticoid hormones. PMID- 6806450 TI - Cell size changes in the lateral geniculate nuclei of normal and monocularly deprived cats treated with 6-hydroxydopamine and/or norepinephrine. AB - Given the proposed role of catecholamines in controlling cortical plasticity in the cat (Kasamatsu, T., J. D. Pettigrew, and M. Ary (1979) J. Comp. Neurol. 185: 163-182), we were interested in whether evidence of such control also could be found in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. We undertook geniculate cell size measurements in 26 normal or monocularly deprived cats, 23 of which had been used in cortical recording studies concerned with catecholamine-induced plasticity. For animals grouped according to experimental treatments, the results can be summarized as follows: (1) in visually normal animals, neither intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) nor local perfusions of norepinephrine (NE) cause changes in geniculate cell size. (2) In otherwise untreated kittens, 1 week of monocular deprivation begun in the 6th week of life results in quite obvious changes in geniculate cell size. (3) Intraventricular injections of 6 OHDA do not appear to prevent deprivation-induced changes in geniculate cell size. (4) Older NE-treated kittens and adult cats that are monocularly deprived for a brief period either late in the critical period or after the critical period has ended do not show deprivation-induced changes in geniculate cell size in either hemisphere. (5) In younger kittens which had been first injected with 6 OHDA intraventricularly and then monocularly deprived for a brief period early in the critical period, there is no evidence to suggest that a local perfusion of NE enhances deprivation-induced changes in geniculate cell size. PMID- 6806449 TI - Effect of chain length of short-chain fatty acids on their effect on intracranial pressure in rabbits. AB - The short-chain fatty acids propionic, butyric, valeric, isovaleric and octanoic produced elevations in intracranial pressure during intravenous infusion in rabbits. Serum concentrations of these compounds are elevated in patients with Reye's syndrome, and may contribute to the intracranial pressure elevations found in these patients. PMID- 6806451 TI - Synthesis and biological evaluation of Tc-99m N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)-2,3 diaminopropanoate: a potential replacement for [131I]o-iodohippurate. AB - A new technetium-chelating agent based on amide and mercaptide donor groups, N,N' bis(mercaptoacetyl)-2,3-diaminopropanoate, was synthesized as an analog of previously described N,N'-bis(mercaptoacetyl)ethylenediamine (DADS). Complexation of Tc-99m with the new chelating group resulted in two components that were separable by high-performance liquid chromatography. The component that eluted first demonstrated high specificity for renal excretion, with over 90% in the urine of rabbits at 35 min, 87% in the urine of mice at 2 hr, and 1.6% or less in the intestines of mice. Excretion was rapid, with the first component equaling or exceeding [131I]o-iodohippurate in the urine of rabbits at all times. The second or latter component demonstrated comparable specificity but slightly slower renal excretion kinetics. Clinical trials with the first component are probably warranted. PMID- 6806453 TI - Effect of early postnatal under- and overnutrition on the development of IgA plasma cells in mouse gut. AB - Development of gut IgA plasma cells was studied in early postnatal under- and overnutrition. Female mice were allowed to suckle in litters of 4, 9 or 20 pups to produce a state of obesity (litter of 4) or protein-energy malnutrition (litters of 20). Litters of nine were considered as control groups. Overfeeding during the suckling period did not change the development and the number of IgA plasma cells of the small intestine. By contrast, the weanling protein-energy malnourished mice had shorter intestines, reduced weight of gut mucosal, muscular and serosal layers and reduced length of villi. However, protein-energy malnutrition, when limited to the suckling period, had no marked effect on the development of IgA plasma cells. A diminished number of these cells was observed only when a more severe and prolonged state of malnutrition was induced. PMID- 6806452 TI - Radiotracers binding to estrogen receptors: I: Tissue distribution of 17 alpha ethynylestradiol and moxestrol in normal and tumor-bearing rats. AB - Ethynylestradiol and moxestrol can be labeled with carbon-11 by introducing this positron emitter in the 17 alpha-ethynyl group. To investigate their potential as radiotracers binding to estrogen receptors, we studied the tissue distribution of tritiated ethynylestradiol and moxestrol, with specific activities of 57 Ci/mmol and 77-90 Ci/mmol, respectively, in the adult female rat. At 30 min after injection, both compounds showed specific uptake in the uterus (% dose/g): 2.52 for ethynylestradiol and of 2.43 for moxestrol. A decrease of the specific activity to 6-9 Ci/mmol resulted in uterine uptakes of 1.60 and 2.10 respectively, for ethynylestradiol and moxestrol, at 30 min. In the female rat bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors, specific uptake was also measured in the tumors, although the values were only 25-30% of the uterine uptake. Moxestrol showed a greater uptake selectivity in the tumors compared with ethynylestradiol. From this study we conclude that ethynylestradiol and moxestrol have good potential as tracers binding to mammary tumors that contain estrogen receptors. PMID- 6806454 TI - Alteration of the immune and nutritional status of mice by synergy between zinc deficiency and infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Since zinc deficiency has been shown to have a profound effect on the immune system of the mouse, it was of interest to evaluate the effects of the deficiency on host resistance to infection. The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which infects millions of South Americans each year, was chosen for study. Balb/c mice were fed to either zinc-deficient (1.0 micrograms Zn per gram), restricted (51 micrograms Zn per gram) or zinc-adequate diet (51 micrograms Zn/g). After 8 days on the purified diets, part of the mice from each dietary group were infected with 5 x 10(4) T. cruzi, a dose of this subline of the parasite that was normally sublethal. Twenty-two days postinfection, 80% of the mice in the infected zinc deficient group were dead. The only other death (10%) occurred in the restricted, infected group. Prior to death the infected zinc-deficient group had a parasitemia that was 50 times greater than that of infected mice from the restricted or zinc-adequate groups. In all infected dietary groups, food intake and/or body weights were reduced in comparison to their uninfected counterparts. The data suggest that zinc deficiency and T. cruzi interact synergistically to profoundly alter both the nutritional and immune status of the host. The experiments also demonstrate the extreme vulnerability of zinc-deficient mice to some pathogens. PMID- 6806456 TI - Ophthalmia neonatorum caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6806458 TI - The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on serum free valproate concentrations and valproate clearance in children. PMID- 6806459 TI - Salmonella infections and hemoglobin S. PMID- 6806455 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of vitamin E on arachidonic acid metabolism in rat platelets. AB - Preincubating platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of vitamin E-deficient rats with RRR alpha-tocopherol prior to the aggregation induced by collagen suspension resulted in inhibition of the formation of endoperoxide metabolites derived from endogenous arachidonic acid (AA). This inhibition was not dose dependent at concentrations above the plasma level of RRR-alpha-tocopherol of vitamin E supplemented rats. Preincubating the vitamin E-deficient PRP with RRR-alpha tocopherol did not affect the formation of 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, the platelet lipoxygenase product. Concentrations of endoperoxide metabolites in diluted whole blood challenged with collagen suspension were significantly greater in the vitamin E-deficient group than the supplemented group. The level of AA in platelet or plasma phospholipids was not different between the two groups. However, blood platelet counts in the deficient group were significantly greater than those of the supplemented group. Concentrations of endoperoxide metabolites in PRP samples in which platelet concentrations were equalized were still greater in vitamin E-deficient group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. There was also no difference in the degree of maximal platelet aggregation between the two groups. These results indicated that vitamin E deficiency can slightly stimulate the formation of cyclooxygenase products derived from endogenous AA, but it did not affect the formation of lipoxygenase product in rat platelets. PMID- 6806457 TI - GM1 gangliosidosis presenting as neonatal ascites. PMID- 6806460 TI - The loss of nitroglycerin from intravenous administration sets during infusion: a theoretical treatment. PMID- 6806463 TI - Mechanism of arachidonic acid-induced vasoconstriction in the intact rat kidney: possible involvement of thromboxane A2. PMID- 6806461 TI - Antiarrhythmic activity of the O-demethyl metabolite of encainide. AB - Clinical trials of the new antiarrhythmic agent encainide have demonstrated a high degree of efficacy in association with marked slowing of intracardiac conduction (prolongation of QRS). Indirect evidence has strongly suggested that at least some of these effects are mediated by the O-demethyl metabolite. The activity of a series of dosages of O-demethyl encainide, encainide and procainamide were compared against aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmias in rats. Effective dosages were lowest for O-demethyl encainide and highest for procainamide: a 25% increase in the time to aconitine-induced ventricular tachycardia was produced by 0.02, 0.46 and 13 microM/kg of O-demethyl encainide, encainide and procainamide, respectively. QRS prolongation correlated well (r greater than 0.7, p less than .001) with enhanced survivorship for each agent tested and the cycle length of the ventricular tachycardia induced was lengthened in a dose-related fashion. Post-mortem plasma analysis showed that concentrations of the metabolite usually associated with pharmacological activity were present after encainide administration. However, encainide itself produced antiarrhythmic and electrocardiographic effects even when its metabolism was blocked. We conclude that both O-demethyl encainide and encainide exert antiarrhythmic actions in this model, but the metabolite is active at much lower dosages. PMID- 6806466 TI - Acceleration of 7-[methoxy-14C]coumarin-derived carbon dioxide exhalation by cobalt pretreatment in mice. AB - Pretreatment of rats with cobaltous chloride has been shown previously to reduce the content of cytochrome P-450 in the hepatic microsomal protein. This is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in substrate oxidation, e.g. ethyl morphine demethylation, in vitro. The present paper shows that pretreatment of C57BL/6J Han mice with 40 mg of CoCl2/kg/day for 2 days results in a decrease of cytochrome P-450 to 60% of its original value. This is accompanied by a corresponding decrease in overall rate of [14C]methacetin demethylation as measured by 14CO2 exhalation. However, when 7-[methoxy-14C]coumarin is the substrate, cobalt-pretreated animals exhale twice as much 14CO2 than normal animals. Considering the decrease in cytochrome P-450 (and assuming linear relationship between metabolic activity and cytochrome P-450 content), this observation suggested a 2.5-fold increase in the specific activity of the remaining cytochrome P-450. This was found to be true in vitro. It is concluded that cobalt pretreatment of mice leads to an enhanced in vivo demethylation rate of 7-[methoxy-14C]coumarin which is explained by a considerably higher molecular monooxygenase activity toward this substrate that is found in vitro. PMID- 6806462 TI - Inotropic and chronotropic effects of vasodilators. AB - Although vasodilators are used with increasing frequency for the treatment of heart failure and myocardial ischemia, their direct effects on cardiac muscle have not been completely characterized. To delineate the action of vasodilators on mammalian myocardium, the chronotropic and inotropic effects of vasodilators on isolated guinea-pig atria (n = 163) have been determined. The spontaneous frequency and the peak rate of isometric force development at a fixed frequency of 200/min were used as indexes of chronotropy and inotropy. The potency series for negative chronotropy was diltiazem greater than D600 greater than verapamil greater than lidoflazine greater than bepridil greater than prenylamine greater than perhexiline greater than nifedipine. The potency series for negative inotropy differed substantially, exhibiting the sequence nifedipine greater than D600 greater than verapamil greater than bepridil greater than lidoflazine greater than prenylamine greater than perhexiline greater than diltiazem. Therefore, nifedipine acted as an "inoselective" and diltiazem as a "chrono selective" depressant. Other vasodilators, including papaverine, nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, adenosine, dipyridamole, diazoxide and hydralazine exerted no or negligible negative chronotropic or inotropic effects even at high concentration (10(-5) M). Therefore, only vasodilators classified among the calcium antagonists proved to have appreciable direct myocardial effects. This supports the view that these drugs constitute a category of agents distinct from classical vasodilators. PMID- 6806464 TI - Prostaglandin E2 derived from phosphatidylinositol breakdown in the exocrine pancreas facilitates secretion by an action on the ducts. AB - The observation that stimulation of a variety of endocrine and exocrine glands, synaptic tissue and certain other structures with appropriate agonists is associated with a breakdown of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and a synthesis of phosphatidic acid (accompanied by increased turnover) has long been known. Our laboratory recently showed that arachidonate released from PI breakdown forms prostaglandin (PG) E2 and the latter is involved in secretagogue-stimulated secretion from the exocrine pancreas. The data presented here are consistent with the view that there is a "pool" of enzymes in the ducts that is released by PGE2, whether added exogenously or generated by carbamylcholine-stimulated PI breakdown and that this release is probably brought about by relaxation of the ampulla of Vater and possibly effects on smooth muscle of the ducts. This hypothesis is supported by the following observations. Involvement of PGs (inhibition of carbamylcholine-stimulated secretion by indomethacin or phenylbutazone) can be demonstrated only in the intact mouse pancreas and not in sliced pancreas or acinar cells, even though PI breakdown can be demonstrated in the cells. The smooth muscle relaxants, nitroglycerin and sodium nitrite, increase amylase release. Secretin, which stimulates fluid secretion from the ducts (acini in mouse and rat) but not enzyme secretion from the acini, increases secretion to the same extent as PGE2. Secretin is believed to increase enzyme secretion by a "washout" effect in the ducts. PGE2 gave no further increase in enzyme secretion in the presence of secretin. The effects of none of these agents (smooth muscle relaxants, secretin or PGE2) are additive. PMID- 6806467 TI - Endothelium-dependent inhibitory effects of acetylcholine, adenosine triphosphate, thrombin and arachidonic acid in the canine femoral artery. AB - Experiments were designed to investigate the importance of endothelial metabolism of arachidonic acid in the relaxation of isolated arteries caused by acetylcholine, ATP, arachidonic acid itself and thrombin. Rings of canine femoral arteries were mounted for isometric tension recording in organ chambers filled with Krebs-Ringer-bicarbonate solution. Acetylcholine, arachidonic acid, ATP, 15 hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid, thrombin and prostacyclin caused relaxations of control rings made to contract with norepinephrine. Removal of the endothelium abolished the relaxations caused by acetylcholine, ATP, thrombin and 15-hydroperoxy-5,8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid, reduced those caused by arachidonic acid, but did not affect the inhibitory effect of prostacyclin. The inhibitory response to arachidonic acid was abolished by indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA); that to acetylcholine was abolished by mepacrine and reduced by ETYA. The relaxations induced by thrombin and ATP were not affected by these inhibitors. Canine femoral arteries with endothelium, but not de-endothelialized preparations, transformed part of exogenously added [14C] arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (6-oxo-prostaglandin (F1 alpha) and a hydroxy derivative. The formation of prostanoids was inhibited by indomethacin, ETYA and 15-hydroperoxy-5, 8,11,13 eicosatetraenoic acid and that of hydroxy derivative by ETYA. These results suggest that the endothelial cells of canine femoral arteries initiate relaxation of the vascular smooth muscle cells of the media by: 1) producing prostacyclin, when exposed to arachidonic acid; 2) producing a lipoxygenase product, when exposed to acetylcholine; and 3) producing a signal of unknown nature, when exposed to thrombin or ATP. PMID- 6806465 TI - Relationship between bupropion disposition and dopamine uptake inhibition in rats and mice. PMID- 6806468 TI - Thyrotropin releasing hormone: centrally mediated effects on gastrointestinal motor activity. AB - The central, but not the peripheral, administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) elicited an increase in the gastrointestinal (GI) motor activity in anesthetized rabbits. This effect did not appear to be mediated via the pituitary thyroid axis and it was relatively independent of the degree of basal motor activity in the Gl tract. Intravenous administration of either atropine or ganglionic blocking agents antagonized this phenomenon. Bilateral vagal transection prevented the TRH-induced stimulation of Gl motor activity, but neither spinal transection nor i.v. guanethidine had any effect. When injected into the lateral ventricles, 3rd ventricle of cisterna magna, TRH always elicited its Gl effects. Central cholinergic mechanisms appear to be involved because both atropine methyl bromide and atropine sulfate given i.c.v. antagonized the Gl effects. Intravenous injection of phenoxybenzamine also inhibited the TRH effect. TRH stimulates neural pathways within the central nervous system to activate efferent vagal fibers leading to a generalized increase in the motor activity of the Gl tract. PMID- 6806470 TI - Cavernous hemangioma of left axilla and breast. A new surgical approach with the carbon dioxide laser. PMID- 6806471 TI - The effect of a new antirheumatic drug, triethylphosphine gold (auranofin), on in vitro lymphocyte and monocyte cytotoxicity. AB - Therapeutic serum concentrations of auranofin, expressed as elemental gold, range from 0.25 - 1.0 micrograms/ml. Monocyte antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) could be reduced by up to 50% at a gold concentration of 0.125 micrograms/ml. Lymphocyte ADCC was much less dramatically affected although 2.5 micrograms/ml produced virtually complete inhibition. The most surprising finding is a marked stimulation of natural killer (NK) cell activity using a variety of targets. NK activity was markedly enhanced by concentrations of 0.125 to 0.5 micrograms/ml (range 2-500%). This is a biphasic dose dependent response. 1.0 micrograms/ml was depressive and 2.5 micrograms/ml completely abolished NK cell activity. Whether these selected in vitro responses play a role in modulating tissue damage in vivo is yet to be determined. PMID- 6806469 TI - Hypothalamic-pituitary function following bromocriptine therapy in patients with prolactinomas. AB - Bromocriptine in a dose of 5 mg daily was given to 18 patients with prolactinomas to promote resumption of menses, to overcome infertility and as a primary treatment for the tumor. Serum prolactin levels fell to within the normal range in 95% of the patients by 12 weeks of therapy. The prolactin response to TRH stimulation was significantly less than before treatment; however, the percent maximum increment was significantly higher. There was no significant change in pituitary reserve of the other hormones. Seven pregnancies occurred during treatment. All the pregnancies have been progressing normally. All patients have already been delivered of healthy babies, including one set of twins. It is suggested that follow-up studies of the various pituitary hormones be conducted on patients on maintenance bromocriptine treatment. In addition, bromocriptine treatment might be used to promote fertility in patients with prolactin-secreting microadenomas. PMID- 6806473 TI - The Lack, Magill and Bain anaesthetic breathing systems: a direct comparison in spontaneously-breathing anaesthetized adults. AB - The performances of the Lack (Mapleson A), Magill (Mapleson A) and Bain (Mapleson D) anaesthetic breathing systems were compared in each of 20 anaesthetized adult patients breathing spontaneously with fresh gas flows of 70 ml kg-1 min-1. In every patient the Lack system caused the least rebreathing, as seen by the lowest inspired and end-expired CO2 tensions using capnography. The Magill caused more rebreathing than the Lack though less than the Bain. Comparative fresh gas flows for each system at the point where rebreathing started to occur were examined in 10 further patients. The Lack system required approximately 51 ml kg-1 min-1, the Magill 72 ml kg-1 min-1 while the Bain required 153 ml kg-1 min-1. Of the three systems the Lack is concluded to be the most efficient and economical system for spontaneous respiration in adults, with the additional advantages of convenient access to the exhaust valve, easy scavenging and low expiratory resistance. In addition, it also offers many useful advantages over the circle absorber system. PMID- 6806472 TI - Expanding options in radiation oncology: neutron beam therapy. AB - Twelve years' experience with neutron beam therapy in Britain, the USA, Europe and Japan shows that local control is achievable in late-stage epidermoid cancer somewhat more frequently than with conventional radiotherapy. Tumours reputed to be radioresistant (salivary gland, bladder, rectosigmoid, melanoma, bone and soft tissue sarcomas) have proved to be particularly responsive to neutrons. Pilot studies in brain and pancreatic tumours suggest promising new approaches to management of cancer in these sites. The availability of neutron therapy in the clinical environment opens new prospects for irradiation of 'radioresistant' tumours, permits more conservative cancer surgery, expands the use of elective chemotherapy and provides a wider range of options for cancer patients. PMID- 6806474 TI - Diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis presenting as Fournier's gangrene. AB - Two patients with Fournier's gangrene are described. In each case this was the presenting clinical feature of diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis. Histological examination demonstrated that the probable cause was intravascular fibrin deposition. The association between diabetes mellitus and Fournier's gangrene is discussed. PMID- 6806476 TI - Marmoset response to immunization with porcine zonae pellucidae. Measurement of antibody activity with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect antibodies in sera from a marmoset inoculated with porcine zonae. Antibodies which bound to heat solubilized zonae immobilized in microtiter plates were detected by an enzymatic reaction using goat antimarmoset IgG conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. During a nine-week immunization period, the antibody response profile as determined with the ELISA was parallel to that obtained with an indirect immunofluorescent test on intact zonae. This procedure has certain advantages over presently used methods of titrating anti-zona sera. PMID- 6806475 TI - Antitumor agents. 2. Bisguanylhydrazones of anthracene-9,10-dicarboxaldehydes. AB - 9,10-Anthracenedicarboxaldehyde bis[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)hydrazone] (bisantrene, VI-1) showed anticancer activity in mice vs. both leukemias and solid tumors. Increases in life span vs. the following neoplasms were: P-388 leukemia, 137%; B-16 melanoma, 122%; Lieberman plasma cell tumor, greater than 85%; colon tumor 26, 150%; Ridgway osteogenic sarcoma, 85%. There were significant numbers of long-term survivors. Both DNA and RNA synthesis were strongly inhibited. The drug was resistant to biodegradation and was bound strongly to tissues; in monkeys the half-life for disappearance from serum was 6 days. Related hydrazones were synthesized, and structure-activity relationships are discussed. Two routes to ring-substituted anthracene-9,10-dicarboxaldehyde intermediates were developed. PMID- 6806477 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of chronic carbon monoxide exposure in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). AB - Cardio-respiratory data were obtained on four adult female cynomolgus monkeys, intermittently exposed to CO for eight months and compared with data obtained from the same animals after five weeks of recovery. Due to CO exposure, the arteriovenous oxygen concentration difference and oxygen consumption decreased and blood oxygen affinity increased. However, there was no significant change in cardiac output and mixed venous PO2. The cynomolgus monkeys adapted to chronic CO exposure by reducing their metabolic rate. PMID- 6806480 TI - Pf1 bacteriophage replication--assembly complex. X-ray fibre diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy. PMID- 6806481 TI - Experimental augmentation of cerebral blood flow by mannitol in epidural intracranial masses. AB - Substantial morbidity and mortality from epidural hematomas continue to be seen in major centers. In spite of great improvement in the rapidity of diagnosis, preoperative treatment and surgical techniques are relatively unchanged. Nineteen anesthetized cats were monitored before and after creation of an epidural mass. Hydrogen clearance technique was used to calculate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) both ipsilateral and contralateral to the mass. The control group received no other treatment and showed a decrease in rCBF to as low as 56.8% of prior flow. The experimental group received 1 gm/kg/hr of mannitol and showed augmentation of rCBF to as high as 154.9% of prior flow (p less than 0.001). The effect was seen without increase in perfusion pressure or tissue edema. This study was designed to examine the parameters of rCBF after formation of an experimental epidural mass, and shows that rCBF can be increased as part of the preoperative resuscitation of such patients. PMID- 6806484 TI - Discouraging results for high dose external beam radiation therapy in low stage (O and A) bladder cancer. AB - Eight patients who received high dose external beam radiation therapy for low stage (O and A) bladder cancer with curative intent subsequently presented with recurrent tumors or complications of radiotherapy that led to cystectomy. The dismal results of high dose radiotherapy in these patients prompted us to review the published results for so-called definitive radiation therapy in patients with low stage bladder cancer. From this review and our own patients we conclude that high dose external beam radiotherapy is less than optimal treatment for patients with low stage bladder cancer. This is true even for the subset of patients with tumor characteristics that place them at high risk for the subsequent development of invasive disease. PMID- 6806478 TI - Effects of glutaraldehyde fixative osmolarities on smooth muscle cell volume, and osmotic reactivity of the cells after fixation. AB - The contribution of glutaraldehyde (GA) to the effective osmolarity of GA fixatives, the osmotic reactivity of the cells after fixation in GA, and also the duration of fixation in GA on cell volume, were investigated using cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) and spiral aortic strips. Four fixation procedures were studied. We found that GA contributes to the total effective osmolarity of the fixatives, and that the type of buffers used for the fixatives can also affect the cell volume differently during GA fixation. After GA fixation, the cells were still osmotically reactive, regardless of the buffer types for making up the GA fixatives, so that the osmolarity of the wash buffer after GA fixation is important. However, OsO4 eliminates osmotic responses, thus the osmolarity of OsO4 fixative and wash buffer have negligible influence on the cell volume. Longer fixation time up to 4 h had no effect of the cell volume. PMID- 6806482 TI - Gene responsible for superinfection exclusion of heteroimmune corynebacteriophage. AB - Wild-type beta and gamma corynebacteriophages are heteroimmune and infect lysogens of each other productively. Unlike their wild-type counterparts, the bin mutants of each phage are excluded in lysogens carrying the heteroimmune phage. The wild-type phages overcome exclusion by means of the bin gene product which appears to act as an antirepressor. When repression is lifted, exclusion of bin mutants is abolished (N. Groman and M. Rabin, J. Virol. 28:28-33, 1978; J. Virol. 36:526-532, 1980). It has not been clear whether the excluding compound is the immune repressor itself or one whose synthesis is positively regulated by repressor. We have isolated beta exclusion mutants (xcl) that as prophage exhibited normal immune repression but no longer excluded gamma-bin mutants. Furthermore, we have shown that an xcl phage with an active immune repressor acted in trans to continue the positive regulation of exclusion by a second xcl+ prophage whose immune repressor was inactivated. From these results it was concluded that there is a gene distinct from the imm gene which is directly or indirectly responsible for exclusion. The xcl gene, mapped in prophage crosses, was located between imm and bin, that is, in the regulatory region of the phage genome. The simplest hypothesis compatible with the established observations is that beta immune repressor regulates the expression of the xcl and bin genes, the former positively and the latter negatively. It is likely that an analogous regulatory model applies to gamma phage since it has already been shown that both beta and gamma have bin alleles. PMID- 6806483 TI - Analysis of vaccinia virus transcriptional complexity in vitro and in vivo: characterization of RNase T1-resistant 5'-terminal oligonucleotides. AB - Vaccinia virus mRNAs synthesized in vitro and in vivo, polyadenylated leader sequences synthesized in vitro in the absence of added GTP, CTP, or UTP or in the presence of 20 micrograms of actinomycin D per ml, and high-molecular-weight RNA synthesized in vitro under limiting ATP concentrations were labeled specifically in the cap structure using [alpha-32P]GTP and vaccinia-soluble enzyme extracts. The complexity of RNase T1-resistant 5'-terminal oligonucleotides was analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Approximately 190 unique T1 resistant 5'-terminal oligonucleotides were observed from vaccinia virus 8 to 12S RNA synthesized in vitro. A somewhat greater complexity was observed with polyadenylated leader sequences and actinomycin D RNAs where unique T1-resistant oligonucleotides ranged from approximately 210 to 280 5'-terminal fragments. On a composite fingerprint of the above RNAs, more than 300 identifiable unique T1 resistant 5'-terminal oligonucleotides were observed. Significantly, close to 300 T1-resistant fragments were derived from RNA sedimenting faster than 18S on denaturing sucrose gradients. Analysis of vaccinia RNAs synthesized in vivo in the absence of either de novo protein synthesis or DNA replication or in the presence of actinomycin D gave essentially similar profiles of 5'-terminal T1 resistant oligonucleotide fingerprints consisting of approximately 200 fragments. Analysis of the 5'-terminal T1-resistant oligonucleotides of vaccinia RNAs present after DNA replication showed essentially the same pattern of early T1 fragments albeit in reduced amounts but in addition revealed a complex pattern of T1-resistant oligonucleotides unique to this class of vaccinia RNA. PMID- 6806485 TI - Some guidelines in the treatment of urethral condylomata with carbon dioxide laser. AB - Some guidelines for the use of carbon dioxide laser treatment of urethral condylomata are presented. Carbon dioxide laser treatment was accomplished successfully in 22 patients with distal urethral and meatal condylomata. Of the patients 86.6 per cent responded to a single laser treatment and 13.4 per cent had evidence of persistence or new growth that required repeat therapy. Meatotomy was required in 4 patients for adequate exposure. This form of therapy appears to be safe for eradication of superficial mucosal lesions and can be used either as a first choice of treatment or as an adjunct in those patients not responding to other well known conventional treatment modalities. PMID- 6806487 TI - Complications of transverse advancement ureteral reimplantation: diverticulum formation. PMID- 6806488 TI - Intravesical therapy of low stage bladder carcinoma with mitomycin C: comparison of results in untreated and previously treated patients. AB - There were 28 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma (Ta, Tl or TIS) entered into protocols for intravesical therapy with mitomycin C. Of the 28 patients 16 had failed previously on thio-tepa (group A), 7 had responded successfully to thio-tepa (group B) and 5 had never received thio-tepa (group C). There were 5 complete responses and 9 failures to mitomycin C therapy in group A. There were 5 and 4 complete responses to mitomycin C therapy in groups B and C, respectively. The treatment plan consisted of the instillation of 40 mg. mitomycin C in 40 cc water weekly for 8 weeks. Because of severe local irritative symptoms 3 of the 28 patients did not complete the course of therapy. In another patient a diffuse body rash developed after the third instillation. Mitomycin C seems effective in ablating low stage bladder carcinoma, although it is less effective in patients who have failed prior thio-tepa therapy. PMID- 6806479 TI - Electron dense granules and the role of buffers: artefacts from fixation with glutaraldehyde and osmium tetroxide. AB - Electron dense granules may appear in tissues after glutaraldehyde prefixation and osmium tetroxide postfixation. In order to determine the conditions under which the granules are formed various vehicles in pre- and post-fixatives were tested on lymph node, thymus and heart. If granules appeared they were found in all cell types investigated, particularly in the nuclei. There was no difference in the distribution of the granules in the different compartments of these organs. The granules probably consist of complexes of glutaraldehyde, osmium and phosphate. The ultimate phosphate concentration in the tissues during the postfixation was shown to determine whether or not the artefacts appeared. Local conditions in the tissues also contributed to the appearance of the granules. It is concluded that phosphate buffers can be used in the double fixation procedure, but to avoid the granules in lymph node, thymus and heart, a concentration of 0.1 mol/l or less phosphate should be used. For brain and kidney other conditions apply. PMID- 6806486 TI - Extended field radiation therapy versus delayed hormonal therapy in node positive prostatic adenocarcinoma. AB - This study was undertaken to determine the disease control and survival advantage of either extended field megavoltage irradiation or delayed androgen ablation in a randomized clinical trial. Comparison of the 2 treatments, using either time-to first evidence of treatment failure or survival, demonstrates an advantage to extended field radiation. PMID- 6806489 TI - Diagnostic-related groups. PMID- 6806491 TI - Laryngeal papillomas yield to 'fine tool' laser. PMID- 6806490 TI - Diagnosis of plumbism. PMID- 6806493 TI - Pharyngeal gonorrhea. PMID- 6806492 TI - Hazards associated with chest application of nitroglycerin ointments. PMID- 6806494 TI - Risks in consanguineous marriages: an isonymic study. PMID- 6806495 TI - Depression anxiety and headache. PMID- 6806496 TI - In vitro antifungal activity of naftifine: (SN 105-843 GEL) against dermatophytes. PMID- 6806497 TI - Diagnosis of ascites. PMID- 6806502 TI - Trial of Momordica charantia Linn (Karela) powder in patients with maturity-onset diabetes. PMID- 6806499 TI - Characteristics and practices of traditional birth attendants (Dais) a preliminary survey. PMID- 6806498 TI - Puerperal sepsis: a microbiological study. PMID- 6806500 TI - Gastric pH and gastrointestinal flora. PMID- 6806501 TI - Pharmacological screening of medicinal plants. PMID- 6806503 TI - Hydatid cyst of spleen. PMID- 6806505 TI - Effect of neuraminidase on lymphocyte function in chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL). PMID- 6806504 TI - Barium examination of small intestine. PMID- 6806506 TI - Effect of ante-natal care on birth weight. PMID- 6806508 TI - [Susceptibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae isolates to josamycin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806507 TI - Effect of an antianginal drug, perhexiline, on myocardial oxygen consumption in anesthetized open-chest dogs compared with verapamil and glyceryl trinitrate. AB - A pharmacological study on myocardial oxygen consumption was carried out in open chest dogs using an arterio-venous oxygen difference analyzer. The continuous monitoring of the oxygen difference showed that the peak changes in coronary blood flow did not coincide with the greatest change in myocardial oxygen consumption. Perhexiline, 0.3-3 mg/kg intravenously, increased coronary blood flow and decreased myocardial oxygen consumption, dose-dependently. Perhexiline decreased aortic and systemic blood pressures and left ventricular work except for lower doses of perhexiline which slightly increased cardiac output and ventricular work. Over-all mechanical efficiency of the left ventricle was increased with perhexiline, while the efficiency was decreased around the peak effect of larger doses of the drug on systemic blood pressure and coronary artery. Verapamil, 0.03-0.3 mg/kg, showed essentially the same effects as perhexiline with ten-fold potency superior to perhexiline. Glyceryl trinitrate showed inconsistent effects on coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption, and it decreased cardiac work and mechanical efficiency of the left ventricle. PMID- 6806509 TI - [Recent progress in the studies of prostaglandins--new arachidonic acid metabolites and inhibitors]. PMID- 6806510 TI - [Epidemiological studies of non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6806511 TI - [Clinical application of microencapsulated antineoplastic agents]. PMID- 6806512 TI - [Rapid and sensitive serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi disease by means of indirect immunoperoxidase reaction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806513 TI - [Thyroid hormones in the serum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806515 TI - [Nursing diagnosis: use in long term care]. PMID- 6806514 TI - [Contents of cysteinyldopa isomers and DOPA in lesions of malignant melanoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806516 TI - Microbiological and thin-layer chromatographic identification of benzylpenicillin and ampicillin in animal body. PMID- 6806517 TI - Comparison of electrophoretic and immunological properties of myoglobins from domestic birds-chickens, quail, duck, goose, muscovy and pigeon. PMID- 6806518 TI - Clinical conferences at the Johns Hopkins Hospital: cluster headache. PMID- 6806520 TI - Effect of calcium and phosphate on bicarbonate and fluid transport by proximal tubules in vitro. AB - Previous studies in living animals have suggested that variations in the serum concentrations of calcium and phosphate directly affect renal tubular bicarbonate transport. To examine this area more directly, we measured the bicarbonate and the fluid transport in isolated rabbit proximal convoluted and straight tubules perfused in vitro. The concentration of calcium in the perfusate was varied between 0 and 5 mM and in the bath between 0.5 and 5 mM. In proximal convoluted tubules, 5 mM calcium in the perfusate and bath caused a significant increase in the rate of bicarbonate absorption, and removal of calcium from the perfusate inhibited both bicarbonate and fluid absorption. The concentration of phosphate in the perfusate and the bath was varied from 0.25 to 5 mM. In both convoluted and straight tubules, there was no significant change in bicarbonate or fluid absorption with changes in the ambient phosphate concentration. We conclude that changes in calcium concentration have significant effects on bicarbonate transport by proximal convoluted tubules but that wide variations in the concentration of phosphate have no significant effect on bicarbonate, sodium, or fluid transport by proximal tubules in vitro. PMID- 6806519 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6806521 TI - Anthropometry and plasma valine, amino acids, and proteins in the nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients. AB - Non-fasting plasma amino acids, proteins, anthropometric measurements, urea, and creatinine for 17 hemodialysis patients were compared with values in normal patients of similar age and sex. Values were characteristic for renal failure but with similarities to protein-energy malnutrition. Partial correlation coefficients, correcting for age and height, identified nutritional and non nutritional factors. Plasma valine was the most correlated variable and was used to rank and group the patients. The group with valine less than 150 micrometers/liter had low values for 17 variables. Valine, isoleucine, leucine, threonine, asparagine, weight, and arm muscle circumference were interrelated and reflected malnutrition whereas fat correlated with calorie intake, and histidine and serine with protein intake. Taurine, aspartic acid, cystine, citrulline, urea, creatinine, prealbumin and retinol-binding protein were decreased in malnutrition but were higher than normal due to a loss of renal function. Fourteen variables, less affected by malnutrition, were changed by specific non nutritional factors. Hemodialysis patients of long standing (1 to 11 years) apart from two patients with recurrent sepsis, were adequately nourished, but those on hemodialysis for less than 15 months, most of whom had previously received peritoneal dialysis, were malnourished. Malnutrition in dialysis patients was due to protein and energy deficiency enhanced by metabolic abnormalities of amino acids. Our study shows that plasma valine is interrelated with other nutritional variables and may be used to assess protein-energy malnutrition. PMID- 6806522 TI - [Recurring inflammation of optic nerve after long-time therapy with hormonal contraceptive anacyclin 28 (author's transl)]. AB - Casuistic report on a 44-years old woman with long-time therapy with hormonal contraceptive about of 10 years. Disease began after some time only subjective symptoms and manifested itself primarily as inflammation of optic nerve in the retrobulbar, secondly, as papillitis, in the intrabulbar part of the nerve. The possibility of an vascular disease while therapy with contraceptive is mentioned. PMID- 6806523 TI - [Clinical picture and inheritance of ocular symptoms in arteriohepatic dysplasia (author's transl)]. AB - Systematic examination of four children suffering from arteriohepatic dysplasia and of members of their families revealed with diminishing frequency, the following symptoms: icterus episcleralis, posterior embryotoxon, gray-yellowish precipitations in the retina, microphthalmos, corectopia with rudimentary coloboma of the iris, xanthomatosis retinae and atrophy of the optic nerve. The parents of the children presented with minor symptoms such as dysplasia iridis, arcus lipoides and hyperlipemic vascular signs in the retina. Differential diagnostic considerations suggest a hereditary disease, the pathogenesis of which is not completely clear. PMID- 6806525 TI - Results of oral TRH test in the differentiation of compensated and decompensated autonomous thyroid nodules. AB - In 17 patients with compensated autonomous adenomas of the thyroid, iv thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) tests (200 microgram) and oral TRH tests (40 mg) were performed. In nine of these patients, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 30 min after iv TRH showed a normal (greater than 2.7 microU/ml) and in eight patients a subnormal (less than 2.7 microU/ml) or negative response. However, after prolonged oral stimulation with 40 mg TRH, after 120-180 min TSH was normal (greater than 2.7 microU/ml) in 15 and subnormal (less than 2.7 microU/ml) in two patients. In 20 patients with decompensated autonomous thyroid nodules. TSH was not detectable (less than 0.8 microU/ml) after iv or oral TRH stimulation. Therefore, the oral TRH stimulation test seemed to be superior to the iv TRH test in the discrimination of compensated and decompensated autonomous adenomas of the thyroid. PMID- 6806528 TI - [Planning, organization and realization of inservice continued education for the nursing service]. PMID- 6806526 TI - Effect of a thyrotropin releasing hormone analog in a patient with myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6806529 TI - [Study unit "Planned nursing care/nursing process" in the Agnes Karll nursing school]. PMID- 6806527 TI - [Experience with inservice continued education]. PMID- 6806530 TI - [Intensification of group activities in a psychogeriatric ward]. PMID- 6806531 TI - [Why inservice continued education in a nursing home?]. PMID- 6806532 TI - [Positive experiences with subject-centered interaction]. PMID- 6806524 TI - [New aspects of the blood flow-augmenting and insulin-like activity of muscle exercise: possible involvement of the kallikrein-kinin-prostaglandin system (author's transl)]. AB - Adaptations of energy metabolism, as they occur during contractions of skeletal muscle besides by anaerobic glycolysis are achieved via changes in capillary blood flow providing substrates and oxygen for combustion. Since, initially, oxygen supply is restricted in the working muscle, glucose would seem to be the adequate fuel as it may be used anaerobically and yields more energy per mole of oxygen than fatty acids under such circumstances. Besides glucose, amino acids are also required for accelerated proteosynthesis according to the work load. Therefore, an enlargement of the capillary net has to be accompanied by an amplification of the action of insulin, which is often present in only small amounts, e.g., after an overnight fast. This aim is met in three ways: (1) enlargement of the capillary net with accelerated blood flow increasing the supply of insulin and the number of receptor sites for insulin binding; (2) accelerated transport of insulin through the capillary wall, providing more insulin in the interstitial space and at the plasma membranes; (3) a molecular mechanism directly involving the insulin-receptor-messenger complex, localized at the plasma membrane of the working muscle cell. These mechanisms resemble a self regulatory process, set in motion by the release of metabolites from the working tissue. From recent studies there is accumulating evidence that kinins liberated from their precursors are involved as tissue hormones by carrying the signal across the interstitial space to the smooth muscle cells of the capillary vessels. Concomitantly, prostaglandins are released intracellularly to bring about, in cooperation with kinins, the various adaptive mechanisms. Amplifying systems of this kind may play a role not only in muscle but also in other tissues where adequate kinin or prostaglandin release would appear beneficial under several clinical conditions such as shock, coronary infarction, wound healing, etc. PMID- 6806535 TI - Pituitary and thyroid function in male cynomolgus monkeys. AB - In four male cynomolgus monkeys, serum thyroxine was 6.2 +/- 0.9 micrograms/dl, and triiodothyronine was 207 +/- 12 ng/dl (mean +/- SE). Kinetic studies using 131I-thyroxine and 125I-triiodothyronine showed that the disappearance of both hormones was non-linear and best fit a biexponential equation. The metabolic clearance rates and production rates for thyroxine were 21.5 +/- 0.6 ml/kg/day and 1.34 +/- 0.23 micrograms/kg/day, respectively, and T1/2(beta) = 29.6 +/- 2.0 hours. For triiodothyronine, the metabolic clearance rate was 156.6 +/- 12.0 ml/kg/day, the production rate was 0.33 +/- 0.04 micrograms/kg/day, and T1/2 (beta) was 13.3 +/- 1.3 hours. Basel serum thyrotropin levels in five euthyroid animals were 1.4 +/- 0.6 microU/ml and increased after thyrotropin-releasing hormone to 6.7 +/- 2.2 microU/ml. Serum prolactin was 5.8 +/- 0.7 ng/ml, and it increased to 26.6 +/- 4.5 ng/ml after thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Four animals received chronic dexamethasone therapy (1 mg twice daily for 5.5 months). While baseline and thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulated thyrotropin values were lower (0.8 +/- 0.2 microU/ml and 3.2 +/- 0.5 microU/ml, respectively), these reductions were not significant. PMID- 6806534 TI - Radioactive chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for determination of glomerular filtration rate in rabbits. AB - Simultaneous determination of the glomerular filtration rate was made by the insulin clearance technique and by analysis of the plasma disappearance curve of radioactive chromium-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (51Cr-EDTA) following an intravenous injection in 28 anaesthetized rabbits. In some rabbits, the renal function was reduced by previous surgery. The insulin clearances ranged from 2.7 to 17 ml/minute. By a double-exponential analysis of the plasma disappearance curve, the total plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was found to exceed the inulin clearance by 12%. By the simpler slope-intercept analysis requiring only two blood samples, this value was 32%. The renal clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was 97% of inulin clearance. In nephrectomized rabbits, plasma clearance of 51Cr-EDTA was 0.7 ml/minute. At all levels of renal function, measurement of the plasma clearance rate of 51Cr-EDTA by the single injection technique allowed a fairly reliable estimate of the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 6806533 TI - [Catheterization--only a routine procedure? Problems from the patient's viewpoint]. PMID- 6806537 TI - Juvenile diabetes mellitus in Singapore children. PMID- 6806536 TI - Nutritional quality of the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis Geitler. PMID- 6806538 TI - Prostaglandin E augments the effect of chemotherapy on B-16 melanoma in vivo. PMID- 6806540 TI - A review: surgery for morbid obesity. PMID- 6806541 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis during treatment with a portable insulin pump. PMID- 6806539 TI - Back-diffusion of CO2 and its influence on the intramural pH in gastric mucosa. PMID- 6806545 TI - Effects of cardioplegic solutions on conductive coronary arteries. AB - The effects of two cardioplegic solutions (CPSs) on isolated, superfused, bovine coronary arteries were compared with those produced by changes in composition of standard Krebs medium. High potassium, low sodium content or the addition of albumin produced vasoconstriction; high magnesium, high glucose content or the addition of mannitol led to vasodilatation. In most cases hypothermia slightly reduced vasoconstriction and enhanced vasodilatation. The action of the two CPSs is the result of the interaction of these basic effects. The results suggest that the vasomotor reactions of coronary arteries to CPS may affect the delivery of the CPS to the myocardium and exert a critical influence on successful cardioplegia. PMID- 6806544 TI - The action of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and antiandrogens on the activities of 5 alpha-reductase and 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the pituitary gland of gonadectomized rats. AB - In gonadectomized rats of either sex s.c. administration of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone (DHT) reversed, in a dose dependent manner, effects brought about by gonadectomy: it decreased pituitary wet weight and serum levels of LH and FSH and suppressed microsomal enzyme activities involved in testosterone and progesterone metabolism in the pituitary gland, NADPH-linked 5 alpha-reductase and NADH-linked 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSDH). Concomitantly administered nonsteroidal antiandrogen, flutamide (5 mg/day), antagonized some of the suppressive effects induced by a 14-day treatment of gonadectomized rats with high dose (1 mg/day) of DHT. It completely blocked DHT action on pituitary 5 alpha-reductase activity in the female rat and, in the male, inhibition was found to be 30-35%. In male, but not female rats, it completely blocked DHT suppression of serum FSH level whereas it slightly, but significantly inhibited DHT suppression of serum LH in rats of either sex. However, flutamide did not prevent DHT suppression of pituitary wet weight or NADH-linked 3 alpha-HSDH activity. Concomitantly administered progestational antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (5 mg/day), inhibited DHT-induced weight increase of seminal vesicles by 50-55% and completely blocked the weight decrease of pituitary gland but did not antagonize DHT suppression of serum gonadotropins or pituitary enzyme activities. The results obtained with flutamide suggest that DHT-induced suppression of pituitary NADPH-linked 5 alpha-reductase, but not NADH linked 3 alpha-HSDH activity, might involve an androgen receptor mechanism. PMID- 6806543 TI - A solid phase fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol. AB - Direct solid phase fluoroimmunoassay of serum cortisol was established by using fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled anti-cortisol antibody and cortisol conjugated polyacrylamide beads. Sodium salicylate was used as a blocking agent for cortisol binding proteins. The sensitivity of this assay was 0.2 ng/assay tube and the measurable range was from 2 to 100 micrograms/dl using 10 microliters of serum. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 11.6% (mean +/- SD 19.8 +/- 2.3 micrograms/dl, n = 5): and 12.1% (mean +/- SD 22.8 +/- 2.8 micrograms/dl, n = 5), respectively. THe accuracy was estimated from recovery study and the average recovery was 100.2%. Cortisol values determined by the present method correlated well with those determined by radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98, y = 0.98 x + 0.04, n = 35). The proposed assay satisfied the standard criteria of dilution, accuracy, and precision, and is applicable to routine measurement of serum cortisol. PMID- 6806547 TI - [Nursing administration research at Toranomon Hospital: the basic concept in the patient classification system]. PMID- 6806546 TI - Release of lysosomal hydrolases during simulated extracorporeal circulation. AB - Contact with surfaces results in activation of formed blood elements. This study demonstrates that during extracorporeal circulation, release of lysosomal enzymes occurs concomitantly with platelet granule secretion. Fresh, heparinized human blood was recirculated for 2 hours at 1,000 ml/min at 37 degrees C in silicone rubber circuits containing a membrane oxygenator (0.85 m2). The plasma levels of a platelet-specific protein, low affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4), rose from less than 0.5 to 16 +/- 3 SEM microgram/ml plasma, indicating extensive release of platelet alpha granule contents. Concurrently, plasma activity of acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase increased nearly fivefold. Platelet inhibition prevented release of LA-PF4 and reduced acid phosphatase levels, but failed to alter the levels of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Lidocaine (10 to 20 microgram/ml), however, prevented the rise in N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity and diminished acid phosphatase levels without altering secretion of LA PF4. The failure of platelet inhibitors to block the increase in N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, and the efficacy of lidocaine to do so without altering LA-PF4 secretion, suggest that leukocytes, not platelets, are the primary source of this lysosomal enzyme. Although acid phosphatase activity measured in plasma my be derived from leukocytes, platelet membranes, and not lysosomes, appear to be a more likely source. Release of hydrolytic enzymes from formed blood elements during cardiopulmonary bypass may cause endothelial cell injury and thus contribute to the increased vascular permeability associated with extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 6806548 TI - [Noonan's syndrome: endocrinological study (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806542 TI - Synthesis and androgen effects of 7 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3 one, 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,7 alpha,17 beta-triol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol. AB - The steroids 7 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (7 alpha-hydroxy Dht), 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,7 alpha,17 beta-triol (7 alpha-hydroxy-3 alpha A'DIOL) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,7 alpha,17 beta-triol (7 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-A'DIOL) have been synthetized from 7 alpha,17 beta-dihydroxy-4-androsten-3 one (7 alpha-hydroxy-testosterone). The effect of administering 7 alpha-hydroxy Dht, 7 alpha-hydroxy-3 alpha-A'DIOL or 7 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta-A'DIOL on serum levels of LH, FSH and on ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weight were investigated in gonadectomized adult male rats. Each steroid was administered for seven days in a dose of 300 micrograms per day. No suppression of serum LH or FSH levels was recorded following injections of these 7 alpha-hydroxylated steroids to castrated rats, compared to castrated control rats receiving vehicle only. Administration of 7 alpha-hydroxy-Dht or 7 alpha-hydroxy-3 alpha-A'DIOL to castrated mature rats could maintain ventral prostate and seminal vesicle weights above that of castrated control rats. Administration of 7 alpha-hydroxy-3 beta A'DIOL to castrated mature rats resulted in ventral prostate weights slightly above castrate control levels, while seminal vesicle weight in such rats were in the same range as castrated control rats. Intraperitoneal administration of testosterone or of 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-A'DIOL) to castrated rats maintained activity of the androgen dependent isoenzyme of acid phosphatase in the ventral prostate; 7 alpha-hydroxy-testosterone or 7 alpha hydroxy-3 beta-A'DIOL showed, however, no effect on this enzymic activity. PMID- 6806550 TI - Mathematical modelling of intravascular thyroid hormone stimulation by carrier proteins. AB - A simple mathematical model for the thyroid hormone stimulation in plasma after intravenous administration of pharmacological doses of thyroid hormone binding carrier proteins is described. The model concept is based on the observation of the time course of both radioactive labelled and unlabelled thyroid hormones before and after protein loading in rabbits. All model parameters are derived from experimental measurements in order to guarantee the identifiability with physiological data. The presented initial study could be a theoretical basis for a more effective therapy of thyroid storm by dialysis or plasma exchange methods. PMID- 6806549 TI - Difference in prostaglandin modulation of arterial and venous smooth muscle responses to bradykinin and norepinephrine. AB - The role of endogenously synthesized prostaglandins as modulators of canine vascular smooth muscle responses to bradykinin (BK) and norepinephrine (NE) was evaluated in vitro with the use of helical strips of canine arteries and veins and measurement of prostaglandins with bioassay and thin layer chromatography. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase with indomethacin (INDO) resulted in a small, but significant, enhancement of the contractile responses of mesenteric and splenic arteries and portal veins to NE. Eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), another inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, did not affect the contractile responses of canine splenic and mesenteric arteries and portal veins to NE. ETYA (1 x 10(-5) M), inhibited prostaglandin biosynthesis. Addition of INDO to arterial smooth muscle strips, in which prostaglandin synthesis was inhibited with ETYA, also resulted in consistent enhancement of the responses to NE. INDO did not effect the contractile responses of canine mesenteric and splenic veins to NE. BK-induced relaxation of canine mesenteric, but not splenic, arteries was inhibited by INDO, INDO did not effect BK-induced contraction of splenic, mesenteric or portal veins. ETYA was without effect on the responses of either arteries or veins to BK. After inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase with ETYA, INDO was still an effective inhibitor of BK-induced relaxation of arterial smooth muscle. Tranylcypromine (1 x 10(-5) M) inhibited prostacyclin (PGI2) synthesis but did not affect the responses of the vascular smooth muscle to BK or NE. These findings are consistent with the conclusion that in canine vascular smooth muscle in vitro, endogenously synthesized prostaglandins do not modulate the contractile responses to NE or BK. The data also confirm the presence of a direct vascular smooth muscle action for INDO. PMID- 6806551 TI - Fluorescein kinetics in perilymph and blood: a fluorophotometric study. AB - A modified slit lamp fluorophotometer was used to determine fluorescein concentration changes in the perilymph, cerebrospinal fluid and blood of chinchillas after intravenous injection of 0.2 ml of fluorescein sodium. This new technique provides a means of determining quantitative changes of fluorescein concentration in the perilymph without the need to withdraw fluid samples through the round window membrane of cochlear wall. Fluorescein was observed to enter the perilymph between 1 and 2 minutes after injection, and it reached its peak concentration in the mean time of 23 minutes. The mean peak concentration was 4.20 X 10-6 g/ml. Both increasing and decreasing fluorescein concentration changes in the perilymph followed an exponential time course. Although the observations of cerebrospinal fluid fluorescence were thought to represent a composite of the fluorescence of the cerebrospinal fluid itself and the underlying brain stem blood vessels, the peak fluorescence did not exceed that observed in the perilymph. These observations support the view that most of the perilymph is produced in the cochlea by ultrafiltration from the cochlear blood vessels. The slit lamp fluorophotometer appears to be a satisfactory means of recording fluorescein concentration changes in the perilymph without disturbing the cochlear physiology by penetrating the labyrinth to obtain fluid samples. PMID- 6806552 TI - Animal pharmacology of nitroglycerin. AB - Nitroglycerin, first introduced over a hundred years ago, is now finding wider clinical applications. To a large degree, the renewed interest in the clinical pharmacologic usage of nitroglycerin is due to the availability of new formulations and drug delivery systems. The current review focuses on the physiological and pharmacological actions of nitroglycerin in mammals. Routes of nitroglycerin metabolism, biochemistry and absorption are discussed. The phenomenon of nitroglycerin tolerance is illustrated and related to specific quantitative alterations occurring at the cellular level. The cardiovascular effects of nitroglycerin are discussed in terms of its effects on coronary flow, the myocardium itself, and on the peripheral vasculature. The early speculation of Murrell (3) that nitroglycerin "would probably prove of service in the treatment of angina pectoris ... and other vascular disorders ..." has now been realized. PMID- 6806553 TI - The site of estradiol sensitization of the gonadotrope is prior to calcium mobilization. AB - In primary pituitary cell cultures prepared from ovariectomized rats, estradiol 17B (E2) sensitizes gonadotropes to stimulation of luteinizing hormone (LH) release by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). The calcium ionophore A23187, which stimulates LH release from the cells by Ca2+ mobilization at a post receptor locus, and veratridine, which stimulates LH release by activation of endogenous ion channels, were used to localize the site of E2 action. Cells cultured in medium which was charcoal stripped (to remove steroids) or which contained 10(-8) M added E2 responded equally well to the ionophore and equally well to veratridine, indicating that the molecular locus of E2 action precedes Ca2+ mobilization. This type of analysis can be used to locate the site of action of compounds which alter the responsiveness of the pituitary to GnRH. PMID- 6806554 TI - Essential and nonessential fatty acid oxidation in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. AB - We tested the hypothesis that mobilized (essential) free fatty acids (FFA) are spared from oxidation in cancer-bearing animals. We injected tracers [1-14C] linoleate, [1-14C] palmitate and NaH14CO3 intravenously as single rapid doses in separate groups of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) and controls, and measured breath 14CO2. The data from NaH14CO3 injections were used to develop kinetic, compartmental models of the HCO3--CO2 systems. These models were integrated with our earlier model of plasma FFA turnover for control and EAT bearing mice. The integrated multicompartmental models were then fitted to breath 14CO2 data from mice injected with tracer FFA to compare the rates of FFA oxidation. FFA were not spared from an oxidative fate in our cancer-bearing vs normal animals; moreover, essential FFA were not preferentially spared from oxidation compared to non-essential FFA in the cancer-bearing mice. PMID- 6806555 TI - Different pools of esterified arachidonic acid in rabbit kidney medulla: relationship to Ca2+-stimulated prostaglandin biosynthesis. AB - We investigated the effect of Ca2+ ions on renal medulla metabolism of endogenous esterified arachidonic acid in contrast to that of radioactive arachidonate incorporated into medullary lipids. Some striking differences between the release of unlabeled prostaglandin E2 and of 14C-labeled prostaglandin E2 and arachidonic acid were seen in incubations in absence or presence of Ca2+ ions. These differences indicated that exogenous [14C] arachidonate incubated with medulla slices is incorporated into both Ca2+-sensitive and Ca2+-insensitive lipid pools of esterified arachidonate and furthermore, the Ca2+-sensitive pool is itself heterogeneous and consists of at least 2 functionally different lipid pools of esterified arachidonate. The first Ca2+-sensitive pool is characterized by a higher arachidonate turnover rate and incorporates more rapidly added radioactive arachidonate. The acylhydrolase activity which releases arachidonate from this pool is not efficiently coupled to prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase. In contrast, the second Ca2+-sensitive lipid pool has a slower arachidonate turnover rate and, consequently, a slower incorporation of added 14C-acid. The acylhydrolase activity associated with this pool is more tightly coupled to prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, so that a higher portion of released arachidonate is converted to prostaglandin E2. Studies on arachidonic acid metabolic transformations using exogenously radioactive free acid added to tissues should therefore be interpreted with caution because the results obtained may not reflect accurately the metabolic fate of endogenous, lipid-esterified arachidonate which is released and metabolized under physiological conditions in vivo. PMID- 6806556 TI - The role of squalene synthetase in the inhibition of tetrahymanol biosynthesis by cholesterol in Tetrahymena pyriformis. AB - The biosynthesis of the triterpenoid alcohol tetrahymanol by Tetrahymena pyriformis is rapidly inhibited by the addition of cholesterol to the growth medium. The primary site of this inhibition by cholesterol has been established to be at the level of the enzyme squalene synthetase. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide produces an identical decline in squalene synthetase activity to that of cholesterol and the half-life of the enzyme is about 50 minutes. No direct inhibition of the enzyme is observed and suggests that cholesterol inhibits the actual synthesis of the enzyme squalene synthetase. Farnesol is accumulated during in vitro incubations derived from cells grown in the presence of cholesterol or cycloheximide. PMID- 6806557 TI - Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol: a progress report. PMID- 6806559 TI - [Significance of zinc substitution. Case report of isolated zinc deficiency caused by parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6806561 TI - New concepts of amebic liver abscess derived from hepatic imaging, serodiagnosis, and hepatic enzymes in 67 consecutive cases in San Diego. PMID- 6806558 TI - A comparison of the biological properties of androst-5-en-3 beta-ol, a series of (20R)-n-alkylpregn-5-en-3 beta-ols and 21-isopentylcholesterol with those of cholesterol. AB - The delta 5-sterol, androst-5-en-3 beta-ol, which has no side chain at C-17, did not permit molting of the insect Heliothis zea, growth of either the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis, or the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae adapted to anaerobic conditions, nor was the sterol esterified by a mammalian microsomal ACAT preparation. However, the sterol did form a liposome with egg lecithin and, when fed to mice, did inhibit hepatic cholesterol synthesis. 21 Isopentylcholesterol also formed a liposome but neither supported the growth of the yeast nor was metabolized by the protozoan. When sterols, 20(R)-n-alkylpregn 5-en-3 beta-ols, with side chains of varying lengths were added to the medium of the protozoan, maximal esterification with fatty acids occurred with the 20(R)-n pentyl derivative, and maximal inhibition of tetrahymanol formation occurred with the n-butyl, n-pentyl, and n-hexyl derivatives. In all of the assays cholesterol showed a positive response, either permitting molting or growth, being metabolized, inhibiting sterol or tetrahymanol synthesis, or forming a liposome. PMID- 6806560 TI - [Neos nitro heart ointment in patients with angina pectoris. Results of a field study]. PMID- 6806562 TI - The effect of chlorpromazine on transformation in Bacillus subtilis. AB - In the presence of the widely used tranquilizer, chlorpromazine, transforming DNA of Bacillus subtilis is photoinactivated by long-wave ultraviolet light. The loss of biological activity is predominantly caused by lack of binding of the DNA to recipient cells and the introduction of single-strand breaks in the treated DNA. PMID- 6806563 TI - Isolation and characterization of the nucleoid of non-complementing diploids from protoplast fusion in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Nucleoids of non-complementing diploids (Ncd) from protoplast fusion of B. subtilis were isolated. Their purified DNA banded in neutral CsCl gradient as a single unimodal peak of buoyant density 1.711 g/cm3, a value which is similar to that of the DNA purified from the original parental strains, suggesting that methylation of bases is not a significant factor in chromosome inactivation. Nucleoids released from a Ncd clone give two peaks in a sucrose gradient with a characteristic S value for each nucleoid. That is in contrast to nucleoids from the haploid parents whose sedimental patterns show only one peak. Both nucleoid preparations from Ncd strains assayed for transformation activity show the fast sedimenting nucleoid devoid of transformation activity while the slow nucleoid was active in transformation for the alleles carried by the genome which is expressed in vivo. Both nucleoids of the Ncd strains are transcribed in vivo. The RNA associated with the inactive chromosome is synthesized by the RNA polymerase of the active one. This study provides evidence that inactivation of one parental genome in the Ncd strain may be related with the tertiary organization of its DNA. PMID- 6806565 TI - Transpositions of mobile dispersed genes in Drosophila melanogaster and fitness of stocks. AB - In situ hybridization with polytene chromosomes was used to demonstrate the transposition of mobile dispersed genes (mdg)-1 and 3 following the selection of flies from low reproductive activity and viability (LA stock) for high reproductive activity, viability and fitness (LA+ and HA stocks). The inbred LA stock is continuously selected for low reproductive activity and viability and maintains at least for twenty-five generations a characteristic pattern of mdg-1 distribution in 14-15 sites. Inbred LA+ and HA stocks exhibit a changed pattern of mdg-1 locations and the number of sites reaches 21-25. Parallel and independent selection for higher viability may lead to similar characteristic changes in the localization of mdg-1. In several independent experiments we observed, within one generation, a spontaneous and saltatory growth of viability and fitness in the mass-bred LA stock. In these cases new mdg-1 and mdg-3 sites reproducibly appeared to within several bands, some of them characteristic of LA+ and HA stocks. We discuss the possible role of mdg in determining the quantitative characters of individuals and their fitness. PMID- 6806564 TI - Purification and characterization of 30S ribosomal proteins from Bacillus subtilis: correlation to Escherichia coli 30S proteins. AB - Twenty proteins were isolated from the 30S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis and their amino acid compositions and amino-terminal amino acid sequences were determined. These results were compared with the data of Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal proteins and the structural correspondence of individual ribosomal proteins has been established between B. subtilis and E. coli. Post-translational modifications of amino-terminal amino acids of the ribosomal proteins which have been found in E. coli are almost absent in B. subtilis with the exception of acetylated forms of S9. PMID- 6806567 TI - RNA polymerase subunit biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The relative rates of RNA polymerase biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis has been examined under steady-state growth conditions. The synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits (alpha, beta, beta', omega) has been followed by subunit fractionation of immunoprecipitated [3H]-labelled samples on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The stoichiometries of alpha:beta:beta':omega subunits have been determined from cultures pulse-labelled during steady-state growth. The results suggest that an unassembled pool of the alpha-subunit exists from which the holoenzyme is formed. Upon shift-up from acetate to glycerol containing medium, a rapid rise in the differential rate of core enzyme synthesis was observed, while the rate of synthesis of the alpha-subunit was not stimulated. During shift-down, a concomitant reduction in the rate of synthesis of all subunits occurred for the first 20 min after the shift; thereafter, a rate of synthesis characteristic of the new growth rate was established. As cultures enter sporulation, an immediate reduction in the rate of beta beta'-subunit synthesis was demonstrated. PMID- 6806566 TI - Direct selection of complementing diploids from PEG-induced fusion of Bacillus subtilis protoplasts. AB - A minimal medium containing horse serum is described on which Bacillus subtilis protoplasts revert to bacillary forms at high frequency (ca. 30%). Used as a plating medium for a mixture of polyethyleneglycol-treated protoplasts from two complementary polyauxotrophic parental strains, it selects the prototrophic fusion products efficiently, and also allows isolation of various auxotrophic recombinants. These prototrophs and recombinants amount respectively to 1% and 10% of the regenerated bacteria. We confirm that two types of prototrophs can be isolated after fusion: stable recombinants and complementing diploids, the latter segregating into various types of recombinants. Based on easily recognized colonial aspects, an approximate estimation of the proportion of the two types becomes possible when a spoOA mutation has been introduced in one of the parents. At least 50% of the prototrophic fusion products are complementing diploids. Incidently, the data also settle a controversy by showing the dominance of spoOA mutations in heterozygotic bacteria. PMID- 6806570 TI - Purine metabolic enzymes in lymphocytes. II. Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in the immune response. AB - ICR mice were immunized with sheep red blood cells (sRBC). Both adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities in spleen lymphocytes increased faster than the serum antibody titer and reached a peak one week after the immunization. ADA activity increased significantly in T lymphocytes but not in B lymphocytes collected from the spleens of the immunized mice. A statistically significant increase in PNP activity was found in both T and B lymphocytes from the spleens of the immunized mice. Spleen lymphocytes collected from ICR mice which had been immunized with mitomycin C-treated sarcoma 180 (S180) cells one week earlier showed cytotoxic activity against viable S180 cells. Both ADA and PNP activities in spleen lymphocytes of S180-immunized mice increased significantly, and both activities increased in T lymphocytes prepared from spleen of immunized mice. In contrast, an increase was found in PNP activity but not in ADA activity in B lymphocytes. These results suggest that an increase in both ADA and PNP activities may by necessary for the T-cell response in both humoral and cellular immune responses, and that an increase in PNP activity may be necessary for the B-cell response. PMID- 6806572 TI - Flagellation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during the cell division cycle. PMID- 6806568 TI - Study of the phenomenon of marker rescue in plasmid transformation and transduction of intact cells, protoplasts and different rec mutants of Bacillus subtilis. AB - Marker rescue in plasmid transformation of competent cells of different rec mutants of B. subtilis was studied. In most cases the value of marker rescue decreased proportionally to reduction of plasmid transformation efficiency (although there were certain exceptions). Marker rescue was not observed either in plasmid transformation of protoplasts or in plasmid transduction of intact cells. PMID- 6806576 TI - [Action of dimilin on carotene formation by Blakeslea trispora]. AB - Dimilin, an insecticide, was added together with a number of surfactants; it was found to penetrate into the cell of microscopic fungi where it slightly inhibited biomass production but had no effect on chitin biosynthesis. The insecticide was shown to be capable of inhibiting the secondary processes of biosynthesis, namely, carotene synthesis in the fungus. A possible mechanism of dimilin action in insects and fungi is discussed on the basis of the results. PMID- 6806575 TI - [Dependence of extracellular proteases synthesis on the growth phase of Pseudomonas fluorescens]. AB - The aim of this work was to study the dependence of the synthesis of exocellular proteolytic enzymes on the growth phase of Pseudomonas fluorescens which was cultivated in media containing amino acids as a sole carbon source. In all of the studied cases, the proteolytic activity of the medium increased in parallel to the bacterial growth until the culture reached the stationary growth phase. Chloramphenicol added in the phase of intensive growth ceased the increase of the proteolytic activity of the medium without a noticeable delay in time. This fact indicates that the processes of translation and secretion of exoproteases occur virtually at the same time in the cell of P. fluorescens. The rate of degradation of exocellular proteolytic enzymes was shown to be insignificant in comparison to the rate of their synthesis. Therefore, the increase in the proteolytic activity of the medium directly reflects the rate of synthesis of exoproteases. PMID- 6806569 TI - Purine metabolic enzymes in lymphocytes. I. Adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase activities in mouse lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The distribution of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activities in lymphoid organs and lymphocyte subpopulations in mice, and the effect of phytohemagglutinin P (PHA-P) and concanavalin A (Con A) on the enzyme activities were studied. ADA activity was distributed equally in cells from all organs used and no mouse strain differences were observed. In contrast, PNP activity varied with the mouse strain, being highest in C57BL/6 mice and lowest in BALB/c mice, and with the organ in ICR mice, being high in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen lymphocytes, low in mesenteric lymph node cells and absent or very weak in thymus cells. T and B lymphocytes were prepared from spleen of ICR mice. High ADA activity was found in both T and B lymphocytes, whereas PNP activity in the T lymphocytes was about one-third of that in the B lymphocytes. PNP activity in thymus cells was increased to the normal level of T lymphocytes in the spleens by cultivation without stimulant. The development of PNP activity in thymus cells was partially inhibited by Con A but was not affected by PHA-P. ADA activity in thymus cells was enhanced by in vitro stimulation with PHA-P but not with Con A. In contrast, in spleen lymphocytes the development of ADA activity was enhanced by stimulation with PHA-P and Con A, and that of PNP activity was enhanced by PHA-P but not by Con A. PMID- 6806577 TI - [L-tyrosine transformation into L-dihydroxyphenylalanine by Pseudomonas cultures]. PMID- 6806573 TI - Location of calcium and phosphorus in ashed spores of Bacillus megaterium, determined by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. PMID- 6806574 TI - [Carbon isotope fractionation by aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms]. AB - The isotope effects of carbon were studied in auxotrophic mutants of the following aerobic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, Corynebacterium, Bacillus subtilis, Brevibacterium and Micrococcus glutamicus. Intramolecular isotope heterogeneity was found in position of the total carbon differed from that of the carbon of the carboxyl in the amino acid. In the lysine released by Corynebacterium grown on acetate, the carboxyl carbon is enriched with 13C by 8%o comparing with the total carbon of the amino acid; in the lysine liberated by Brevibacterium flavum, the carboxylic carbon is enriched with 13C by 3.5%o. These and other peculiarities of the intramolecular distribution of carbon isotopes in amino acids should be attributed to diverse pathways of their biosynthesis in different organisms. PMID- 6806578 TI - [Oxidation characteristics of the aromatic acids formed in DDT breakdown by a Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture]. AB - The purpose of this work was to study the process of oxidation of aromatic acids (benzoic, salicylic and phenylacetic acids) produced as the result of DDT degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 640x. The cultural broth was analysed by thin-layer chromatography, chromato-mass spectrometry and the enzymes of aromatic acid oxidation were investigated. Benzoate was shown to be oxidized via p hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid and its ortho degradation. Phenylacetate, the principal of DDT degradation, was hydroxylated by the culture with simultaneous migration of the two-carbon fragment and decomposition of the resultant homogentisic acid. Salicylic acid was not oxidized by the culture; it was accumulated in the medium. Analysis of the enzymes involved in the oxidation of the aromatic cycle has shown that the culture lacks salicylate hydroxylase, metapyrocatechase and gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. Instead, it manifested the activities of the enzymes catalysing ortho cleavage of the cycle, namely, pyrocatechase and protocatechoate 3 : 4 dioxygenase, as well as homogentisate oxygenase. PMID- 6806571 TI - Carbohydrate fermentation by Clostridium difficile. AB - Biochemical properties of Clostridium difficile were reinvestigated for the practical identification of the organism in clinical laboratories. Bacterial growth in 2% proteose peptone medium supplemented with 0.01% L-cysteine.HCl and 0.1% agar supported sufficient growth to read the fermentation results just as well as did pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized medium. Incubation for 2 days was long enough for determining the ability to ferment fructose, glucose, mannitol, mannose, melezitose, and sorbitol. All of the 82 strains liquefied 2% but not 10% gelatin. The significance of mannitol fermentation and gelatin liquefaction is stressed since C. difficile is the only species fermenting mannitol among the gelatin-liquefying species of clostridia having subterminal spores. PMID- 6806579 TI - [Resistance of resting cyst-like forms of Bacillus cereus to exposure to high temperature, ultraviolet rays and low-molecular alcohols]. AB - The dormancy cyst-like forms of Bacillus cereus obtained under the action of an autoregulatory factor were shown to be more resistant to the action of such external factors of the medium as high temperatures, ultraviolet irradiation and low molecular weight alcohols comparing to the vegetative cells. Incubation at 80 degrees C for 15 min killed 98,5% vegetative cells and 86,5% of the dormancy refractile forms. U. V.--radiation treatment resulted in a loss of viability in 97% of the vegetative cells and in 75% of the refractile forms. Differences were also found in the resistance of the cyst-like forms and the vegetative cells to the action of ethanol, methanol and butanol. The resistance of the cyst-like forms of B. cereus to the action of the above damaging factors is consistent, in general, with the resistance of cysts, methylotrophic bacterial spores and other dormancy prokaryotic cells differing in the mode of their formation from endospores. PMID- 6806582 TI - Non-toxic inhibition of extracellular tumor enzymes--potential in cancer therapy. AB - Enzymes characteristically found in the extracellular fluid of tumors, or in elevated concentration in the plasma of tumor-bearing hosts--such as certain glycosidases, certain proteases, and tyrosinase--may possibly play a role in maintaining malignant transformation, promoting tumor invasion, or preventing immune rejection. Experimental data suggests that inhibition of these enzymes could have clinical value. A possible role for such inhibition in a generalized "reverse transformation" strategy is proposed. PMID- 6806583 TI - Thyroxine binding globulin in PNG natives. PMID- 6806581 TI - [Destruction of hexamethylenediamine by a Bacillus subtilis culture in a medium with clay minerals]. AB - The object of this work was to study the effect of clay minerals of the montmorillonite group on the oxidative and destructive activity of Bacillus subtilis 21/3 utilizing hexamethylene diamine (HMD) in metabolic processes. HMD destruction by the culture accelerated when clay minerals were added to the chemically defined medium. The respiration activity of Bac. subtilis 21/3 was studied, and the rate of HMD oxidation was found to increase in the presence of montmorillonite. PMID- 6806580 TI - [Variability of beta-1,3/1,4-glucanglucanohydrolase-forming Streptomyces narbonensis induced by UV rays and mitomycin C]. AB - The effect of mitomycin C and UV on spores before germination and two hours after it was investigated with Streptomyces narbonensis 2a producing beta-1,3/1,4 glucanglucan hydrolase (beta-glucanase). The lethal effect of mitomycin C on the germinating spores was considerably greater than that on the spores. The mutagenic activity of mitomycin C was closely related to the process of spore germination. The frequency of mutations was higher when mitomycin C acted on germinated spores. UV caused a lesser frequency of morphological mutations than mitomycin C did. The action of UV produced mutants which synthesized beta glucanase of the exotype in the course of fermentation in a medium without an inductor. PMID- 6806585 TI - Oxazepam withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6806584 TI - Enzymatic diagnosis of the mucopolysaccharidoses: experience of 96 cases diagnosed in a five-year period. AB - We assessed lysosomal exohydrolase activities in homogenates of cultured skin fibroblasts and peripheral blood leucocytes of approximately 550 patients referred from throughout Australasia and suspected of having a mucopolysaccharidosis. Of these, 96 patients from 80 families were diagnosed as being homozygous deficient for a particular lysosomal enzyme activity. Clinical phenotype varied considerably within each of the enzyme-deficient states. This did not correlate with the level of "residual" enzyme activity in leucocyte or fibroblast homogenates. It was not always possible to discriminate heterozygotes from normal controls by enzyme assay of leucocyte or fibroblast homogenates in this study of a large number of mucopolysaccharidoses Type II by means of a single hair root assay system. PMID- 6806588 TI - Acute admissions to a geriatric assessment unit. PMID- 6806586 TI - Reuse of disposable insulin syringes. AB - Seventeen insulin-dependent diabetics reused 111 disposable plastic syringes (Terumo 40/80-U; detachable needle) a total of 2363 times. Each syringe was used for an average of 12.2 days (range, one to 80 days), making an average of 21.3 injections each (range, two to 126 injections). There were no injection-related infections or local reactions. Six syringes from four patients were contaminated by non-pathogenic skin organisms (Staphylococcus albus and Bacillus spp.) without any detrimental effects. Contamination was independent of duration of syringe use or skin preparation technique. The reuse of plastic disposable insulin syringes appears to be a safe, cost-saving practice. PMID- 6806587 TI - Delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions: review of three cases. PMID- 6806589 TI - Long-term sequelae of gastrectomy. AB - The sequelae of gastrectomy are well-known. This paper describes a complicated clinical course which occurred eight years after partial gastrectomy. Initial features included marked weight loss, anaemia, multiple lung and liver abscesses, and cholestatic jaundice. Acalculous cholecystitis with a mucocele of the gallbladder developed later. We emphasise the value of total parenteral nutrition in supporting such critically ill patients. PMID- 6806590 TI - [Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents--pharmacokinetics, biological effects and mechanism of action]. PMID- 6806591 TI - [Comparative electron microscopic study of the ultrastructural changes in L. braziliensis promastigotes exposed to monomycin and amphoglucamine]. PMID- 6806593 TI - A model for calculating electron beam scattering in treatment planning. AB - The Fermi-Eyges theory of electron scattering overestimates the scattering of electron beams used in radiation therapy. The reason for this overestimate is the neglect of the loss of electrons which are scattered into highly oblique paths and removed from the beam at relatively shallow depths. A modification of Eyges' solution to Fermi's equation is presented to take this loss of electrons into account. Equations for the calculation of isodose distributions for any medium using pencil beams are developed. Experimental confirmation is presented for electron beams of 13 and 18 MeV in homogeneous water, polystyrene, Lucite, and aluminum phantoms. PMID- 6806592 TI - [Detection of circulating antigens in the blood serum of patients with echinococcosis, alveolar hydatid disease and trichinosis]. PMID- 6806594 TI - The effects of hydrogenous and nonhydrogenous filters on the quality of a p(66)Be(49) neutron beam. PMID- 6806597 TI - The problem of obliquely incident beams in electron-beam treatment planning. AB - Oblique incidence of an electron beam can alter the central axis depth dose. The incident beam can be considered to be an integration of many pencil beams or slit beams. Depending on the depth in the phantom, neighboring pencil beams may have a greater or lesser contribution to the dose at a point on the central axis compared to the contribution under normal incidence. The effect has been studied experimentally and theoretically. For 6- and 9-MeV electron beans, oblique incidence is found to produce an increased dose at shallow depths and a decreased dose at normal treatment depths. PMID- 6806595 TI - The use of nonhydrogenous wedges for therapeutic neutron beam shaping. PMID- 6806596 TI - The dosimetric properties of an applicator system for intraoperative electron beam therapy utilizing a Clinac-18 accelerator. AB - A prototype electron applicator system providing circular and rectangular fields for use in intraoperative electron beam therapy with a Varian Clinac 18 linear accelerator has been fabricated. The dosimetric properties of this system for a variety of electron-beam energies, applicator sizes, and x-ray collimator settings was documented. Significant findings include: (a) surface dose values are in excess of 90% for electron energies of 12 MeV and above; (b) for the 18 MeV beam, the deepest depth where the central axis dose in 90% of its maximum value is in excess of 50 mm for circular applicators whose diameters are in excess of 5 cm; and (c) the treatment time to deliver 1000 rads "given dose" (at given dose rate of 300 MU/min) is on the order of 3-4 min. Cross-field behavior is acceptable for the intended application and x-ray contamination is less than 4% for any applicator/electron energy combination. A system for irregular field blocking and TLD verification dosimetry has been developed. PMID- 6806599 TI - [Use of the electron microscope in the diagnosis of various metabolic storage diseases]. PMID- 6806601 TI - Spinal cord injured graduates of a transitional residential program: an evaluation of thirty-three. PMID- 6806600 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseo-gonadal function in subjects with Prader-Willi syndrome]. PMID- 6806598 TI - Bacterial toxins: a table of lethal amounts. PMID- 6806603 TI - Genetic polymorphism of rabbit immunoglobulins: description of b98, a ninth allele at the kappa b-locus. PMID- 6806602 TI - Testicular glycoprotein biosynthesis stimulated by in vivo administration of follicle stimulating hormone. PMID- 6806604 TI - Chemical modification of carboxyl groups in human Fcgamma fragment --II. Location of acidic residues involved in complement activation. PMID- 6806605 TI - Effect of pH on the precipitin reaction of human monoclonal macroglobulins with specificity for Klebsiella K polysaccharides containing 3,4-pyruvylated D galactose and 4,6-pyruvylated D-galactose. PMID- 6806606 TI - A monoclonal antibody specific for a distinct region of hen egg-white lysozyme. PMID- 6806607 TI - [Rh antibodies in a commercial immunoglobulin-concentrate--consequence of its administration to premature babies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806611 TI - [Cerebrovascular disorders. Incidence, distribution and types in selected neurologic patients]. PMID- 6806608 TI - [Cystic fibrosis: long-term treatment at a specialized centre, and its prognostic value (author's transl)]. AB - Data are presented on morbidity, mortality, and age at diagnosis of 90 patients with cystic fibrosis who were seen at the Medical School of Hannover from 1975 to 1981. The status of patients was characterized by the clinical score and the score of chest roentgenogram. Course and prognosis in groups of patients defined by the items "false diagnosis", "false negative sweat test", "meconium ileus", "late onset of clinical symptoms after age 5", and "comprehensive long-term treatment at a centre for cystic fibrosis" were compared. In patients with intestinal or pulmonary symptoms a delay in diagnosis for patients, who died, died in early childhood. However, for those patients who receive proper medical care at a specialized CF-centre a clinical course can be achieved which may resemble the course of disease in patients with late onset of symptoms. PMID- 6806609 TI - [Reasonable disinfection in the household, the clinic and practice]. PMID- 6806610 TI - [Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease. Modern Therapeutic Principles (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806612 TI - [Antihypertensive therapy with guanfacine. A multicenter trial with Estulic Wander 1 mg]. PMID- 6806613 TI - [Syncope in the carotid sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6806614 TI - [Acral ischemic syndromes]. PMID- 6806615 TI - [Pseudoallergic drug reactions]. PMID- 6806616 TI - [Angina pectoris gravis and unstable angina]. PMID- 6806617 TI - [Acute lung embolism]. PMID- 6806618 TI - [Impending cerebrovascular attack]. PMID- 6806619 TI - [Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta]. PMID- 6806620 TI - [Treatment of status asthmaticus in the clinic]. PMID- 6806621 TI - [Cystic vascular wall degeneration]. PMID- 6806622 TI - [History of tuberculosis - philatelically illustrated]. PMID- 6806623 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy. A paradoxical action principle in the treatment of infection]. PMID- 6806624 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy of virus infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806628 TI - [Corticosteroid therapy in acute viral infections of the nervous system]. PMID- 6806627 TI - [Corticoids in the therapy of thick- and other type of viral meningoencephalitis]. PMID- 6806625 TI - [The importance of prostaglandins in very severe septic conditions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806629 TI - [Intrathecal administration of depot corticosteroids. Their use in infectious and inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6806626 TI - [Corticosteroids in the treatment of pediatric infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806631 TI - [Primary care of sport injuries. II. Special measures]. PMID- 6806630 TI - [Extramedullary formation of blood in the liver]. PMID- 6806632 TI - [Desensitization]. PMID- 6806634 TI - [Transplantation without laws? Legal status of organ donation]. PMID- 6806635 TI - [Sports injuries]. PMID- 6806633 TI - [Lung cancer in men under 40. Results of a case and control study on the significance of tobacco consumption]. PMID- 6806636 TI - [Chronic subdural hematoma]. PMID- 6806637 TI - [Risk factor hyperlipidemia. Dealing with reality]. PMID- 6806638 TI - [Can prostaglandins in low cytoprotective doses heal peptic ulcers?]. PMID- 6806641 TI - Comparison of the mutagenic potency of 2-chloroethanol, 2-bromoethanol, 1,2 epoxybutane, epichlorohydrin and glycidaldehyde in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Drosophila melanogaster and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. AB - A series of 2 haloethanols and 3 epoxides was investigated in 3 mutagenicity test systems, namely (1) the fluctuation test in Klebsiella pneumoniae, (2) the sex linked recessive lethal test in Drosophila melanogaster, and (3) the HGPRT test with L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. The order of mutagenic potency was, in Klebsiella: glycidaldehyde greater than 2-bromoethanol = epichlorohydrin greater than 1,2-epoxybutane greater than 2-chloroethanol; in Drosophila: glycidaldehyde = epichlorohydrin greater than 1,2-epoxybutane; in mouse lymphoma cells: epichlorohydrin greater than 1,2-epoxybutane. The haloethanols were non-mutagenic in Drosophila. 2-Chloroethanol and glycidaldehyde were negative in mouse lymphoma cells. The high mutagenic potency of epichlorohydrin as compared with 1,2 epoxybutane was consistent in all systems, and with published data. PMID- 6806640 TI - [Lipoprotein profile following food intake]. PMID- 6806642 TI - Studies on the induction of sex-linked recessive lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster by nitroheterocyclic compounds. AB - 24 nitroheterocyclic compounds were investigated for their capacity to induce sex linked recessive lethals in Drosophila, by the adult feeding technique, and in some cases injection or larval-feeding methods. Out of 9 5-nitroimidazoles, ZK 26.173 and ZK 25.095 (moxnidazole) were clearly active whereas nimorazole and ronidazole were marginally mutagenic. Out of 10 5-nitrofurans, nitrovin, furazolidone and furaltadone were unambiguously mutagenic, whereas nitrofurantoin was a borderline case. Nitrofurans were active at lower molar concentrations than nitroimidazoles. Out of a group of 5 related nitro compounds (2 nitrothiophenes, picrolonic acid, niridazole and 4-NQO), only 4-NQO was clearly mutagenic, when fed to larvae. Experiments with germ-free flies showed that, for ZK 26.173 and furazolidone, the gut flora of Drosophila do not play a role in the activation of the compounds to mutagenic metabolites. Furazolidone, 4-NAO, ZK 26.173, ZK 25.095 and furaltadone were tested in mal and cin strains, both of which lack xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase. The latter enzyme and xanthine oxidase are known to carry out nitro reduction in mammalian tissues. For ZK 26.173, the mutation frequencies were drastically reduced in the enzyme-deficient strains, indicating the involvement of one of these enzymes in the activation of this substance. PMID- 6806646 TI - The mutagenic effects of diepoxybutane in wild-type and mutagen-sensitive mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Genetic tests reported here demonstrate that among the DEB-induced mutants on 2 X chromosome loci, viz. y and w, at a minimum, one-third are chromosome deletions. Among 11 MMS-sensitive mutants tested, 9 are also somatically sensitive to DEB. In addition direct genetic tests established that the capacity to repair DEB damage induced in sperm is impaired in females homozygous for 2 mutagen-sensitive mutants. By inference the same is also the case in females homozygous for 3 other mutagen-sensitive mutants. PMID- 6806645 TI - The modifying effect of hexavalent chromate on the mutagenic activity of thio TEPA. PMID- 6806639 TI - [Effect of oral lecithin administration on plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels in elderly subjects]. PMID- 6806644 TI - The distribution of induced sister-chromatid exchanges: a tool for identifying agents directly interacting with DNA. PMID- 6806643 TI - The effect of testosterone treatment on the ability of female rat liver S9 to activate aflatoxin B1 and 2-aminofluorene in the AMES/Salmonella system. PMID- 6806647 TI - Absence of synergism between mutagenic treatments, given one generation apart, in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6806648 TI - Investigations on radiosensitive and radioresistant populations of Drosophila melanogaster. XIV. The genetic factor rar-1: effects in immature oocytes and their inhibition by caffeine. AB - The genetic factor rar-1 is part of the system of relative radioresistance that has evolved in the irradiated population ROI4 of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous data tentatively indicated an inhibition of rar-1 by caffeine. The present work was devoted to an extension of these caffeine studies to various end points of genetic radiation damage induced at various exposure levels in immature oocytes of ROI4, of the contemporaneous control population Berlin wild K, and also in those of a substitution stock that carries rar-1 but not the other factors of relative radioresistance in ROI4, namely rar-2 and rar-3. The results show that it is the effect of rar-1 which is inhibited by caffeine. They confirm that rar-1 affects pathways of mutagenesis which produce recessive and dominant lethals but not chromosome losses. PMID- 6806650 TI - Effects of a chromosome-3 mutator gene on radiation-induced mutability in Drosophila melanogaster females. AB - A series of X-irradiation experiments was carried out using Drosophila melanogaster females homozygous for a third chromosome mutator gene and females which had a similar genetic background except that the mutator-bearing third chromosomes were substituted by normal wild-type chromosomes. The mutator females had been previously shown by Gold and Green to manifest a higher level of radiation-induced mutability (as measured by the X-ray-induction of sex-linked recessive lethals) in their pre-meiotic germ cells compared to normal females at an exposure of 100 R. In the presence work, the sensitivity of the pre-meiotic germ cells of mutator and normal females to the X-ray induction (2000 R) of sex linked recessive lethals was studied. In addition, experiments were conducted to examine the sensitivity of the immature (stage 7; prophase I of meiosis) oocytes of both kinds of females to the induction of dominant lethals, X-linked recessive lethals and X-chromosome losses. The result show that in pre-meiotic germ cells, the frequencies of radiation-induced recessive lethals are similar in both kinds of females. However, the proportion of these mutations that occur in clusters of size 3 and higher, is higher in mutator than in normal females. In stage-7 oocytes, the frequencies of radiation-induced dominant lethals and sex-linked recessive lethals were similar in both kinds of females. The X-loss frequencies however, were consistently higher in mutator females although statistical significance was obtained only at higher exposures (3000 and 3750 R) and not at lower ones (750-2250 R). Possible reasons for the discrepancy between the present results and those of Gold and Green with respect to pre-meiotic germ cells are discussed. PMID- 6806649 TI - Neutron- and X-ray-induced mutations at the yellow, white, forked and vermilion loci of Drosophila melanogaster; a preliminary analysis. AB - Neutrons and X-rays were used to induce mutations at the yellow, white, vermilion and forked loci of Drosophila melanogaster by irradiation of spermatozoa in males. The mutations were characterized for the presence and location of simultaneously induced rearrangements and recessive lethal mutations. F1 females carrying induced visible mutations were identified, described and tested for fertility. The data are given in this paper. The proportions of mutants at the 4 loci, the ratios of whole-body: mosaic mutations, and the fertility of the mutant carrying F1 females were similar for both types of radiation. Differences were observed between the frequencies of induced visible mutations and the rates of coincident visible and lethal induction. Although the analysis of the mutant chromosomes has not yet been completed, our data can be interpreted as providing confirmation that there are qualitative differences between the genetic effects of neutrons and X-rays. PMID- 6806652 TI - Relation between the somatic toxicity of dimethylnitrosamine and a genetically determined variation in the level and induction of cytochrome P450 in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The insecticide-resistant Drosophila strain Hikone R differs genetically from sensitive strains by having a higher activity of cytochrome P450 and a lack of inducibility with phenobarbital. Toxicity tests with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) showed that: (a) the toxic effect of DMN was higher in the insecticide-resistant strain than in sensitive strains in accord with data by Vogel (1980); and (b) induction with phenobarbital increased the toxicity of DMN in the sensitive strains but not in the resistant strain. A dominant gene, responsible for the metabolic pattern of Hikone R and the non-inducibility, was located to 66 cM, near the gene vg in chromosome 2. This gene is most likely identical with that causing insecticide resistance, described by Kikkawa (1961). PMID- 6806653 TI - Effect of procarbazine treatment of mice on alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase activity and frequency of selected abnormalities in sperm. AB - The in situ activity of mitochondrial alpha-glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPD) as well as 2 specific sperm abnormalities [headless and disorganization of the mitochondria assembly (PL-type)] have been studied in sperm from mice treated with single doses of procarbazine (100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 mg/kg) at intervals up to 55 days after treatment. The frequency of sperm without active alpha-GPD and the frequency of the morphology variants increased with increasing dose of procarbazine. The variance in the level of alpha-GPD among sperm with active enzyme and the variance between animals also increased with increasing dose. The lowest effective dose was 200 mg/kg and there were no observable effects 85 days after treatment. PMID- 6806651 TI - Repair of double-strand DNA breaks in Drosophila. AB - This study describes the repair kinetics of DNA double-strand breaks in primary and established cell cultures of Drosophila melanogaster. Double-strand breaks, induced by X-irradiation, were monitored by neutral elution. In primary cell cultures 50% of the double-strand breaks induced by 10 kR of X-rays are repaired within 45 min and 80% of the breaks are repaired within 2-3 h. Repair kinetics in established cell cultures are similar; 50% of the induced breaks are repaired within 20 min and 88% within 3 h. Mutants deficient in other types of DNA repair were also assayed for their capacity to repair double-strand breaks. PMID- 6806654 TI - Effects of aphidicolin on repair replication and induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. AB - The influence of aphidicolin, an inhibitor of polymerase alpha, on UV-induced repair replication in human skin fibroblasts, as well as in HeLa cells, was determined. In growing fibroblasts and in HeLa cells, aphidicolin had a potentiating effect on UV-induced repair replication, whereas in fibroblasts grown to confluency, aphidicolin had an inhibitory effect. This inhibitory effect was stronger when measured in the presence of hydroxyurea. In HeLa cells the presence of both aphidicolin and hydroxyurea also had an inhibitory effect, but in the presence of hydroxyurea alone, UV-induced repair replication was enhanced. The results of these studies can be explained on the basis of differences in deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate pool sizes in growing and confluent cells. Post treatment of X-irradiated human lymphocytes in the G0 and G1 stages with aphidicolin increased the frequencies of X-ray-induced chromosomal aberrations. Such an increase was not observed in G1 cells of CHO after similar treatment with X-rays and aphidicolin. However, treatment with aphidicolin, in the G2 stage, of CHO cells that had been exposed to UV or alkylating agents in the G1 stage increased the frequencies of induced chromatid breaks. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6806655 TI - Stability of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomes replicating for the first time in a repair-deficient cell. PMID- 6806656 TI - The normal microbial flora. PMID- 6806658 TI - Levamisole is inferior to placebo in the hyperimmunoglobulin E recurrent infection (Job's) syndrome. PMID- 6806659 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 30-1982. Dyspnea and syncope in a 49-year-old man. PMID- 6806657 TI - The prevalence of tuberculosis and drug resistance among Haitians. PMID- 6806661 TI - Deficiency of platelet lipoxygenase activity in myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6806660 TI - Oxygen transport in vivo by means of perfluorochemical preparations. PMID- 6806662 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 32-1982. A 65-year-old man with dysphagia and dilatation of the esophagus. PMID- 6806663 TI - A misinterpretation of the effects of naloxone on sensitivity to CO2. PMID- 6806665 TI - A common mechanism for the synthesis of membrane and secreted immunoglobulin alpha, gamma and mu chains. PMID- 6806666 TI - A model for the molecular requirements of immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching. PMID- 6806667 TI - Sequences of immunoglobulin lambda 1 genes in a lambda 1 defective mouse strain. PMID- 6806664 TI - Binding of C3b proceeds by a transesterification reaction at the thiolester site. PMID- 6806670 TI - New views of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain switch. PMID- 6806669 TI - Slow inward calcium currents have no obvious role in muscle excitation contraction coupling. AB - It has been proposed that an influx of calcium ions into twitch muscle fibres during an action potential might initiate contraction. However, when external Ca2+ is lowered to 10(-8) M with EGTA, the fibres can produce normal twitches for many minutes. Nevertheless, a clear Ca2+ influx during contraction has been demonstrated, and it has been found that phasic skeletal muscle has an inward calcium current (ICa) which can give rise to calcium spikes. In certain conditions, a reduction in external Ca2+ with 80-90 mM EGTA results in reversible blockade of excitation-contraction (e-c) coupling, leading some authors to suggest that extracellular Ca2+ moved into the myoplasm due to ICa may be involved in the e-c coupling mechanism that triggers contraction. This proposition was further supported by the localization of ICa in the T-system, which circumvented the problem of the delay due to calcium diffusion from the surface membrane. We have now investigated whether ICa has a clear role in initiating or sustaining contractions in twitch muscle fibres. Our approach was to decrease or eliminate ICa with the calcium-blocking agent diltiazem (Herbesser) and to see how the twitch, tetanic and potassium-contracture tensions were affected. We found that ICa could be decreased or cancelled with the calcium blocking agent, but that the same concentration of the drug potentiated the twitch, tetanus and contractures. We conclude, therefore, that ICa has no role in e-c coupling. A preliminary report of these results has been presented elsewhere. PMID- 6806671 TI - Germinal centre B cells: antigen specificity and changes in heavy chain class expression. AB - Germinal centres are histologically defined aggregates of blast cells that occur in B-cell areas of lymphoid tissues after antigenic stimulation. They are believed to be associated with the development of B-cell memory and plasma cell (especially secondary, IgG and IgA) responses. Recent studies of murine lymphoid tissues have defined cell-surface markers that distinguish germinal centre B cells from other mature B cells, permitting their identification and characterization in cell suspensions. Here we have used these markers to define and study germinal centre cells in lympho nodes, and have found that they constitute a unique population of B cells which (1) arises in response to antigenic stimulation, (2) contains nearly all of the demonstrably antigen specific B cells in the stimulated organ, (3) bears surface IgM after primary stimulation and (4) as a population, demonstrates isotype switching to a predominant population, demonstrates isotype switching to a predominant surface IgG phenotype after secondary stimulation with specific surface IgG phenotype after secondary stimulation with specific antigen. These findings demonstrate that germinal centres are a major site of proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific B cells in vivo, and suggest that the germinal centre microenvironment may have an important role in heavy chain class switching during B-cell responses. PMID- 6806672 TI - Correlation between immunoglobulin light chain expression and variant translocation in Burkitt's lymphoma. AB - Burkitt's-type lymphomas-leukaemias (BL) are monoclonal proliferations of malignant B lymphocytes. Irrespective of whether they carry the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, these tumour cells have been shown consistently to have one of the specific reciprocal chromosome translocations, t(8; 14), t(2; 8) or t(8; 22), involving the long arm of chromosome 8 (on 8q24) and chromosome 14, 2 or 22 (on 14q32, 2p12 and 22q11, respectively). The latter chromosomes have been shown recently to carry genes for immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains, and kappa and lambda light chains, respectively. Furthermore, the localization of kappa light chains within 2pcen-2p13 encompasses the breakpoint observed in Burkitt's translocation (2p12). It was therefore considered of interest to determine whether the expression of immunoglobulin chains in BL cells is related to the type of chromosomal anomalies observed. We report here that there is a direct relationship between expression of immunoglobulin light chains and specific type of translocation: BL cells with t(8; 22) express lambda chains, whereas those with t(2; 8) express kappa chains. PMID- 6806668 TI - Donor origin of the in vitro haematopoietic microenvironment after marrow transplantation in man. AB - The method for long-term culture of marrow cells in vitro as described by Dexter has recently been successfully applied to human marrow and is dependent on the development of an adherent stromal cell layer consisting of cells described as "endothelial-like cells, fat cells, and macrophages". The present study was designed to determine the origin and composition of the stromal cells forming the in vitro 'microenvironment' and maintaining haematopoiesis in long-term cultures grown from marrows of 14 patients who received marrow transplants from HLA identical siblings of the opposite sex. The presence of a Y chromosome was used as a marker to establish the donor or recipient origin of the cells. We found that the stromal cells became progressively donor in origin with time after transplantation and some reacted with antibody directed against factor VIII associated antigen. In addition, donor-derived in vitro stromal cells synthesized both interstitial and basal lamina collagen types, indicating that the in vitro microenvironment is transplantable and composed in part of endothelial-like cells. PMID- 6806674 TI - Change in serum bicarbonate during acute EDTA infusions in post-transplant hyperparathyroidism. AB - We evaluated the effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) on serum bicarbonate in 12 patients with postrenal transplant hyperparathyroidism. EDTA induced hypocalcemia produced a significant rise in serum PTH (p less than 0.001). Associated with the increase in PTH was a significant fall in plasma bicarbonate (p less than 0.001) and increase in the chloride: phosphorus ratio (p less than 0.001). Magnesium remained stable but serum potassium fell in response to EDTA. These observations suggest that endogenous PTH can significantly affect plasma bicarbonate in vivo and may contribute to post renal transplant renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6806675 TI - Lithium-induced nephropathy in rat. Light and electron microscopic studies. PMID- 6806676 TI - Increases in choline levels in rat brain elicited by meclofenoxate. AB - Meclofenoxate, the p-cholorophenoxyacetic acid ester of deanol, was found to dramatically elevate choline (Ch) levels in the rat CNS. In the hippocampus, this elevation in choline was accompanied by a new elevated steady state level in acetylcholine (ACh). No such coupling was observed in the striatum or parietal cortex. Deanol also elevated choline levels in the CNS but was about half as potent as meclofenoxate; p-chlorophenoxyacetic acid was inactive in this respect. Lesions of striatal neurons with kainic acid and of hippocampal cholinergic nerve endings with surgical section of the fimbria indicated that the changes in choline levels were mainly extraneuronal. In spite of the changes in choline and ACh levels, no consistant alterations in ACh turnover were measured. In summary, meclofenoxate induced dramatic alterations in CNS choline metabolism and may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic tool for potentiating depressed cholinergic neurons. PMID- 6806673 TI - [The AZU computerized ECG system]. PMID- 6806679 TI - A retrospective survey of enteric infections in active duty navy and marine corps personnel. PMID- 6806677 TI - Comparative analysis of the sensitivity of single neurons of the central nervous system to thyrotropin-releasing hormone and its structural analog. PMID- 6806680 TI - An outbreak of A/USSR/90/77 (H1N1) influenza in army recruits: clinical and laboratory observations. PMID- 6806678 TI - The relationship of enteric microorganisms to causes of morbidity and mortality in operational situations: a review. PMID- 6806681 TI - Assessment of airborne exposures to lead during military vehicle finishing operations. PMID- 6806682 TI - Classifying universal donor group O whole blood: a dilemma. PMID- 6806683 TI - Organization of the nutritional support service at a medical center: one year's experience. PMID- 6806684 TI - The development of a psychosomatic medicine fellowship in the United States army. PMID- 6806685 TI - Case for diagnosis: pleomorphic lipoma. PMID- 6806686 TI - Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis resistant to erythromycin: case report. PMID- 6806687 TI - Spontaneous splenic vein rupture in pregnancy: case report. PMID- 6806688 TI - Clinical and distributive pharmacy services in an outpatient oncology clinic. PMID- 6806689 TI - Computed tomography in multiple sclerosis: case report with radiologic-pathologic correlation. PMID- 6806691 TI - Analog intravenous angiography. PMID- 6806690 TI - Physiologic stress, heat stroke, malignant hyperthermia--a perspective. PMID- 6806692 TI - Metastatic anaplastic seminoma with elevated HCG marker: case report. PMID- 6806693 TI - Duodenal hematoma: case report. PMID- 6806694 TI - Phlebitis with intravenous infusion: influence of pH, duration of infusion, and rate of flow. PMID- 6806695 TI - Development of staffing formulas for nursing personnel based on patient classification with quality of care considerations. PMID- 6806696 TI - Effects of atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride on visual, physiological, performance, subjective, and cognitive variables in man: a review. PMID- 6806698 TI - Diagnosis of cavernous hepatic hemangioma versus metastatic transitional cell carcinoma: case report. PMID- 6806702 TI - Bilateral groin hernia in a female infant: case report. PMID- 6806699 TI - Early intervention for high risk infants: an outline of regional physical therapy services. PMID- 6806701 TI - Case report: benign polyp of the palatine tonsil. PMID- 6806697 TI - Surgical aspects of pulmonary tuberculosis. PMID- 6806703 TI - An analysis of the survival of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6806700 TI - Civilian health fair at Fitzsimons Army Medical Center: a worthwhile preventive medicine experience. PMID- 6806704 TI - The lymphangiogram in the staging of Hodgkin's disease: a plea for its limited usage. PMID- 6806705 TI - Infectious diseases of war. PMID- 6806706 TI - Autotransfusion of shed blood: an untapped battlefield resource. PMID- 6806707 TI - Positive tuberculin reactions among American elementary school children in Europe. PMID- 6806708 TI - Laboratory observations on the behavior of composite dental restoratives. PMID- 6806709 TI - Human breast milk and escherichia coli urinary tract infection. PMID- 6806710 TI - The isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear: a difficult diagnosis. PMID- 6806711 TI - The diabetic's understanding of the purified insulin's patient package insert. PMID- 6806712 TI - The problem of testicular cancer: how health professionals in the armed services can help. PMID- 6806713 TI - The vasoregulatory reactor--an unusual presentation: case reports. PMID- 6806714 TI - Asymptomatic pleural effusion in histoplasmosis: case report. PMID- 6806715 TI - Intrahepatic artery 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin-C in previously untreated patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6806716 TI - A review of the irradiated patient: dental treatment considerations. PMID- 6806717 TI - Familial occurrence of coexistent periodic paralysis and spinal muscular atrophy: case reports. PMID- 6806718 TI - Hemorrhagic enteritis and nonsuppurative myocarditis caused by canine parvovirus. PMID- 6806719 TI - Intrauterine pregnancy complicated by renal tuberculosis: case report. PMID- 6806720 TI - [Lesions of the esophagus caused by caustics]. PMID- 6806722 TI - [Histological peculiarities of the placenta in materno-fetal isoimmunization due to Rh factors]. PMID- 6806724 TI - Helping the hospitalized child--a caring approach. PMID- 6806721 TI - [Gaucher's disease: hemorrhagic diathesis and term pregnancy with the birth of a malformed fetus]. AB - A patient suffering from Gaucher's disease observed for the first time five years age while in pregnancy and observed again during a second pregnancy ended with the delivery of a malformed female infant is presented. Laboratory findings of this case and their correlation with the clinical manifestations of this disease are underlined. Occurrence of foetal malformations in this disease is also discussed. PMID- 6806725 TI - Growth in I.V. therapy teams--an update. PMID- 6806726 TI - Guidelines for the proposal of an I.V. team. PMID- 6806727 TI - Nursing management of the Hickman-Broviac catheter. PMID- 6806723 TI - Intravenous therapy and the initial management of multisystem trauma. PMID- 6806728 TI - Your role in valproic acid therapy. PMID- 6806729 TI - Pneumothorax and hydrothorax following placement of central catheter. PMID- 6806731 TI - When should a dentist incorporate? PMID- 6806730 TI - An outbreak of skin disease from the use of a spa pool. PMID- 6806732 TI - Multiple antibody formation in a primigravida: anti-D, anti-C, anti-Kpb. AB - A case of primigravida in whom anti-C, anti-D, and anti-Kpb developed during the third trimester is described. Her first-born infant, delivered at 40 weeks' gestation, was mildly affected with hemolytic disease of the newborn and responded well to phototherapy. Her second-born infant, delivered at 36 weeks' gestation, had a positive direct antiglobulin test, but required no treatment. Clinical and laboratory aspects of both pregnancies are discussed. PMID- 6806733 TI - Management of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia by carbon dioxide laser. AB - Thirty-three patients with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia were treated with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. In 31 of these patients the lesion was completely eradicated by the laser treatment. All patients experienced moderate pain following the procedure, and 2 had severe pain. The only other complications were 1 case of bleeding and 1 of infection. The CO2 laser appears to be an acceptable treatment modality for vulvar cancer precursors provided patients are carefully evaluated prior to treatment and invasive carcinoma is ruled out. PMID- 6806734 TI - Serum galactosyl transferase levels in patients with advanced cancer. AB - Serum galactosyl transferase was significantly higher in patients with various types of cancer than in age-matched controls. The highest serum enzyme levels were observed in the breast and respiratory cancer, followed by ovarian and gastrointestinal tumours; whereas the enzyme activity in prostatic cancer patients was not significantly higher than in the control subjects. In the cancer patients the serum levels of this enzyme were not significantly higher in the presence of metastases. In terminally ill patients, the serum enzyme activity decreased proportionately in accordance with the progression of their disease. PMID- 6806737 TI - Measuring hospital case mix: a primer. PMID- 6806736 TI - A concerns-based approach to the implementation of quality assurance systems. PMID- 6806735 TI - Treatment of ovarian cancer with a combination of cis-platinum, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide and hexamethylmelamine. AB - During the last 2 1/2 years, 38 patients with ovarian cancer were treated with a combination of cisplatinum (CPDD), 50 mg/m2, adriamycin, 30 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide, 300 mg/m2, on day 1; and hexamethylmelamine (HMM), 6 mg/kg daily, for 14 days. Each course was repeated monthly. 2 patients had stage II, 14 stage III and 22 stage IV disease. 14 of the 38 patients were previously treated with chemotherapy, 1 with radiation, 6 with both chemotherapy and radiation, and 17 did not have any treatment before CPDD combination. 31 of the 38 cases (81.5%) demonstrated objective responses lasting for 2 months or more. These responses were partial in 19 and complete in 12 cases. Hematologic toxicity was moderate and with reversible anemia developing in 71% of patients. Gastrointestinal side effects from CPDD were universal. HMM gastrointestinal toxicity necessitated discontinuation of the drug in 5 patients. Severe nephrotoxicity was observed in 2 patients but was reversible. There were no drug-related deaths. PMID- 6806738 TI - Outcome evaluation and quality assurance in mental health. PMID- 6806739 TI - Use of morbidity and mortality rates in assessing quality care. PMID- 6806740 TI - Private review-its impact on health care and physicians. PMID- 6806741 TI - Computer-assested clinical review in an Australian pediatric hospital. PMID- 6806742 TI - [Parenteral feeding of low-birth weight infants]. PMID- 6806746 TI - Osteoradionecrosis of the temporal bone. PMID- 6806744 TI - Monitoring of intraoperative auditory brain stem responses. AB - We believe that our initial experience establishes the fact that ABRs can be routinely and reliably performed in an operating room environment. There was no added risk to the patient, and operative delays were minimal. We did note transient fluctuation in latency values up to 1.5 msec. These changes would revert to baseline levels within five to ten minutes. Changes noted during drilling were probably related to the random noise produced. Case 3 was worrisome in that hearing was lost after maintenance of the ABRs during the surgical procedure. Evidently the vestibule was damaged, and a labyrinthitis caused the hearing loss. We feel that this procedure will be most useful in those situations in which the cochlear nerve and blood vessels are at risk. Such procedures as acoustic tumor removal with attempts to preserve hearing, vestibular nerve sections, and facial nerve problems in the IAC should be routinely monitored. Further experience will, of course, be most helpful in explaining and recognizing these changes. PMID- 6806745 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid "leaks" and meningitis following acoustic tumor surgery. AB - We reviewed 271 intracanalicular and cerebellopontine angle lesions removed over the past ten years, 237 by the translabyrinthine or combined approach which created a mastoid defect. The patients were divided into three groups with the following results: (1) obliteration of the mastoid defect combined with older wound closure techniques in the first 188 patients produced CSF leakage in 25% and meningitis in 16% of cases; (2) not obliterating the defect intentionaly in 16 patients produced CSF leakage in 50% and meningitis in 25% of cases; (3) obliteration of the defect combined with newer packing and closure techniques in the last 33 patients produced CSF leakage and meningitis in only 6% of cases. Four problem areas were identified: the eustachian tube, middle ear, mastoid defect, and postauricular wound. Of these, obliteration of the mastoid defect was most important in minimizing postoperative CSF wound leakage, CSF rhinorrhea, and meningitis. PMID- 6806747 TI - Enhancement of eye motor response and electrical brain activity during noise and vibration in rabbits. AB - The relationship between electroencephalogram (EEG) and eye movements was studied in rabbits during optokinetic, vestibular, and optovestibular tests. EEG was recorded through permanently implanted electrodes. Exposure to noise and vibration increased the frequency and the velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). The increase was greater during vibration but greatest during combined noise and vibration. EEG activity was closely linked to changes in OKN and was particularly evident with the appearance of theta waves in the dorsal hippocampus. Also, rotation of the rabbit produced considerable activation in the EEG. PMID- 6806743 TI - Tilt responses of semicircular canal primary afferents. PMID- 6806748 TI - A versatile argon microsurgical laser. AB - A laser instrument designed for use in otologic, dermatologic, and cosmetic surgery is evaluated. The argon ion laser produces a visible wavelength in the emerald green range (0.488 to 0.415 micrograms). Its attachments include a handpiece and a micromanipulator. The handpiece is manufactured with a 1- or 2-mm spot size and may be used for treatment of cutaneous lesions such as telangiectasis, hemangiomas, and tatto marks. The micromanipulator is made for attachment to the Zeiss Omni I microscope. The working distance coordinates with that of the operating microscope when used for otologic procedures such as ossicular reconstruction, stapedectomy, tympanoplasty, or soft tissue tumor removal. The technical specifications and medical applications are outlined. PMID- 6806750 TI - Distribution of compensable hearing loss in industry. AB - Most State Workers' Compensation Acts base their determinations of impairment for occupational hearing loss on the formula developed by the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and adopted by the American Medical Association in 1971. The professional literature tends to focus on the monetary awards for total hearing loss and thus gives the impression that extremely severe hearing loss is common among industrial workers. A study of 8,953 industrial employees shows that 1,120, or 12.5% are compensable. Of these, 61.5% have 5% impairment or less; 74.1% have no more than 10% impairment, and 86.7% are 20% impaired. These findings suggest that hearing professionals have the opportunity to make a major social-economic contribution to industrial management and labor by applying their expertise to the prevention of occupational hearing loss. PMID- 6806749 TI - Westernization of the oriental eyelid. PMID- 6806751 TI - Glossopharyngeal neuralgia-asystole syndrome secondary to parapharyngeal space lesions. PMID- 6806752 TI - Severe upper airway obstruction caused by bullous pemphigoid: diagnostic usefulness of the flow-volume curve. AB - The site and severity of upper airway obstruction accurately determined by analysis of the flow-volume curve obtained from a dyspneic patient with bullous pemphigoid. The limitation of maximum inspiratory flow to 0.5 L/s and of maximum expiratory flow to 0.7 L/s over most of the vital capacity suggested that the lumen of the extrathoracic trachea was narrowed to a diameter of 3 mm. The marked improvement in flow with the patient breathing a helium-oxygen mixture further confirmed that flow was limited in a large central airway. The predictions made from analysis of the flow-volume curve were confirmed by fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination and by computerized axial tomography, which revealed severe supraglottic obstruction. After a tracheostomy was performed, maximal inspiratory and expiratory flows were normal. PMID- 6806754 TI - Total extrathoracic neoesophageal construction by combined cutaneous and myoepithelial flaps. AB - A previously unreported low-morbidity staged procedure for the extrathoracic construction of neoesophagus employing a combination of skin-lined cutaneous an myoepithelial flaps is proposed as an adjunct to, or as a primary method for, the surgeon confronted with the problem of restoring the continuity of the food passage, which follows thoracic esophageal resection. The case report does not mean to imply or convey the impression that this procedure is a first-line method. Rather, it is offered as an alternative or adjunct in those instances in which customary and accepted techniques cannot be executed, as in this presentation. PMID- 6806753 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in thyroglossal duct remnant cyst epithelium. AB - The extremely rare occurrence of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from normal epithelial lining of a thyroglossal duct remnant cyst is documented by demonstrating the histopathologic transition from normal squamous epithelium to squamous cell carcinoma. The requirements that must be fulfilled to accept a lesion as arising de novo from the epithelial lining are outlined, and all requirements are achieved. The lesion is differentiated from the less rare papillary or papillary-follicular adenocarcinoma of residual thyroid tissue of the thyroglossal duct tract remnants. This is the sixth report in the world literature of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from benign thyroglossal remnant squamous epithelium, and the second demonstrating the transition from normal squamous epithelium to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6806755 TI - Combined therapy for vascular lesions of the head and neck with intra-arterial embolization and surgical excision. PMID- 6806756 TI - Massive congenital arteriovenous malformation of the pterygomaxillary space. AB - A case is presented of a massive congenital, extracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The origins and hemodynamic considerations that led to prior treatment failure are discussed. A sudden accelerated growth in the AVM, caused by an alteration in the hemodynamics of the feeding and draining vessels, mandated further surgical management. The treatment of choice is complete surgical excision at the time of diagnosis, if possible. Ligation of the feeding vessels alone is unsatisfactory and, like other adjunctive treatments, may lead to disastrous complications. PMID- 6806757 TI - The new tongue. AB - Rehabilitation of major resections of the tongue has always posed a serious problem. This paper presents the feasibility and rational of rehabilitating partial glossectomies by the use of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap and the fabrication of a "new tongue" by the use of this flap. The criteria for these techniques in benign and malignant tumors of the tongue are outlined. The segmental innervation of the pectoralis major muscle from a variety of three to five nerve branches permits the development of a skin-muscle flap that may be transposed with its nerve supply intact or totally denervated, depending upon the status of the hypoglossal nerves and tongue in the operative field. This presents the possibility of transposing a skin-muscle flap into a glossal wound with a completely intact nerve supply where the new flap is under constant instruction in its new physiologic environment. It also presents the possibility of neurotization of the denervated section of the muscle flap by axones from the intact segment of tongue. A third possibility is the fabrication of a "new tongue" by the transfer of the hypoglossal nerves into the denervated segment of the peripheral aspect of the myocutaneous flap. This variety and combination of rehabilitative techniques introduces a new phase into the rehabilitation of the tongue. PMID- 6806758 TI - Pindborg tumor of the mandible. PMID- 6806759 TI - Survival of implanted irradiated cartilage. AB - As a result of our study the following conclusions may be drawn: 1. Irradiated homograft costal cartilage appears to survive as a nonviable implant in part replaced by host tissue in the cat. 2. Such replacement may be minimized by leaving as much perichondrium intact as is feasible. 3. Boiling or freezing fresh autogenous cartilage in an attempt to alter its warping characteristics is asking for increased resorption. PMID- 6806760 TI - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid masquerading as idiopathic vocal cord paralysis. AB - The following conclusions may be drawn as a result of our study: 1. Serum calcitonin by radioimmunoassay proved to be the only valid preoperative indicator in a case of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid occurring with vocal cord paralysis. This test should be considered in all cases of idiopathic recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, especially when obscure thyroid pathology is suspected. 2. Provocative calcitonin testing, such as a calcium infusion test, may help verify presence or absence of disease in equivocal cases of calcitonin assay. 3. Vocal cord paralysis may be the first sign of intrathroid malignancy. 4. In the furture, serum calcitonin assay (drawn posttreatment) may be a valuable prognostic indicator and may guide the need for additional treatment. PMID- 6806761 TI - Cartilage implantation in head and neck surgery: report of a national survey. AB - As enthusiasm for alloplastic grafts wanes, the use of biologic materials for reconstructive and aesthetic surgery is regaining popularity. A plethora of methods exists for preservation of one of the most popular implants, human cartilage. The controversy over the efficacy of autologous v preserved homologous cartilage grafts continues. A national study was developed to determine the efficacy of autologous v the various techniques of cartilage preservation based on the criteria of graft extrusion, infection, and absorption. Autologous grafts were most commonly used. The most popular preservation methods used alcohol or merthiolate. Autologous grafts had less absorption than preserved grafts, but both groups had approximately equivalent infection and extrusion rates. Irradiated cartilage showed the least absorption of all preservation methods. PMID- 6806763 TI - Maturational change of early, middle, and late components of the auditory evoked responses in rats. PMID- 6806762 TI - Carcinoma of the nasal septum: experience with 85 cases. AB - A review of 85 Mayo Clinic patients with carcinoma of the nasal septum revealed squamous cell carcinoma (58 patients) to be the predominant cell type, with adenocarcinoma (12 patients) and malignant melanoma (7 patients) being next in frequency. Twenty-five (29%) of the 85 patients had metastatic disease. Twenty percent (17) of the patients had another malignancy at some time during their lives. The study suggests that tobacco smoking may have a role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the nasal septum. In most patients, wide excision was the initial choice of treatment. PMID- 6806765 TI - [Rapid bioassay of gentamicin by bioluminescence (author's transl)]. AB - Assay of bacterial intracellular ATP levels using the firefly bioluminescence system allows a very sensitive monitoring of bacterial growth. This test has been used in some laboratories fro performing a rapid microbiological assay of the concentration of antibiotics in the serum of treated patients. Rapidity of antibiotic determination is especially important in the case of antibiotics for which therapeutic concentration are close to toxic concentration. In the present work we have used the bacterial strain Klebsiella edwardsii var. atlantae for a rapid assay of gentamicin in the serum. We show that this assay is very accurate in the range of therapeutic serum concentrations. It may be readily performed in a routine laboratory with commercially available ATP extractors and luciferine luciferose mixtures. This assay has been shown to correlate optimally with the classical plate diffusion assay (r = 0,983) and to be independent of the presence of beta-lactams in the serum. PMID- 6806769 TI - Cardiac tamponade from central venous catheterization: two cases in premature infants with survival. PMID- 6806770 TI - Probable graft-vs-graft reaction in an infant after exchange transfusion and marrow transplantation. AB - A newborn with graft-vs-host (GVH) disease following an exchange transfusion was treated by attempting to eradicate the incompatible graft and to reconstitute the child hematologically and immunologically with a bone marrow transplant. The patient was a female term infant (blood group B, Rh+ Coombs test positive) who received a one-unit group O, Rh- exchange transfusion from an unrelated female donor for hyperbilirubinemia due to ABO incompatibility on day 2. Signs of acute GVH disease began on day 8 and the clinical diagnosis was supported by skin biopsy. With antithymocyte globulin and high dose dexamethasone, the GVH reaction improved somewhat. Cyclophosphamide, 200 mg/kg total dose, was given over four days followed by a marrow graft from a brother who was HLA-A, B identical, and probably also D locus compatible in mixed lymphocyte culture. All signs of GVH resolved with cyclophosphamide treatment and hematologic reconstitution was evident by 14 days after transplant. Two weeks later the GVH reaction and aplastic anemia recurred and Y chromatin was detected in only 6% of marrow cells. The infant died on day 80. Autopsy showed disseminated candidiasis, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, thymic dysplasia, hypoplastic marrow, and other histopathologic changes consistent with GVH disease. The persistence of female cells in blood and bone marrow and the destruction of the reconstituted marrow suggest that the original incompatible transfusion-derived graft was not eliminated and that it ultimately rejected the histocompatible marrow graft. PMID- 6806766 TI - [Advances in the physiopathology of the platelet membrane (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806767 TI - [Effect of experimental hypoxia on pulmonary ventilation function and gas exchange in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6806768 TI - [Mononuclear phagocyte: its physiology and pathology]. PMID- 6806764 TI - [Effect of dendrobacillin on the flea Xenopsylla cheopis (Siphonaptera)]. PMID- 6806771 TI - H+ ion secretion in proximal tubule of low-Co2/HCO-3 perfused isolated rat kidney. AB - Acidification in proximal tubule of the isolated rat kidney, perfused in vitro, was studied by stopped-flow microperfusion techniques, using Sb microelectrodes to measure luminal pH. The kidney was perfused with mammalian Ringer's solution at pH 7.4 buffered by 20 mmol/l phosphate and containing 7.5 g/100 ml bovine albumin, equilibrated with air. Final urine pH was 6.88 +/- 0.5. Steady-state pH in proximal segments was 6.81 +/- 0.03 (n = 80), and acidification half-time (t/2) 7.25 +/- 0.33 (80) s, giving a net secretory H+ ion flux of 0.51 +/- 0.05 nmol . cm-2 . s-1. This flux was about 70% of "in vivo" (blood perfused kidneys). During luminal perfusion with solutions at pH 6.2, back-flux of H+ was 0.82 +/- 0.08 nmol . cm-2 . s-1, with an alkalinization t/2 of 6.33 +/- 0.34 (34) s. The difference between acidification and alkalization t/2 was not significant. This is compatible with a pump-leak system of H+ transport. This is compatible with a pump-leak system of H+ transport. The back flux of H from the lumen was markedly reduced in low Na+ perfused kidneys in the presence of 10(-4) mol/l amiloride in the lumen, indicating that this process is mediated by the luminal Na/H exchanger. Observations in the presence of high K levels suggest that it may have also a charged component. 10(-4) mol/l acetazolamide added to the kidney perfusate reduced acidification to 0.5% of control, and 10(-6) mol/l SITS to 25% of control. Thus, despite the low pCO2 (0.1-0.4 kPa, or 1-3 mm Hg), the CO2/HCO-3 buffer system still plays an important role in tubular acidification in this preparation. PMID- 6806773 TI - Vitellogenin in Drosophila melanogaster: a comparison of the YPI and YPII genes and their transcription products. AB - Clones of genes coding for two of the yolk protein precursors from Drosophila melanogaster, YPI and YPII have been isolated. A single small intron was located in the YPII coding region at about the same position as it is found in YPI (6). The entire intergenic spacer region and most of the exon I from the YPII gene have been sequenced. The "capping" sites for both mRNAs have been determined using the S1 protection and cDNA synthesis methods. Comparison of the sequences which might be involved in transcriptional or translational control of these genes reveals for YPII a Hogness Goldberg box but no indication for a conserved sequence around-70-80 (CAT box). In contrast to YPI it resembles no significant homology to the 3' end of 18S rRNA. The first 60 amino acids of exon I from both genes share little homology except for the hydrophobic amino acids which should be involved in protein secretion. PMID- 6806774 TI - DNA packing in the filamentous viruses fd, Xf, Pf1 and Pf3. AB - Spectral data for filamentous viruses in the presence and absence of Ag+, together with other parameters, indicate that the DNA structures in two of the viruses, fd and Xf, are similar to each other but that these differ from two quite unusual and different DNA structures in Pf1 and Pf3. PMID- 6806772 TI - CO2-ventilatory response of the anesthetized rat by rebreathing technique. AB - The ventilatory response to CO2 in rats under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia has been measured using the rebreathing technique. The animal rebreathed through a tracheal cannula for a period of 4 min from an apparatus of 200-400 ml capacity, containing 5-6% CO2 in O2. Pco2 in the rebreathing apparatus (PappCO2), instantaneously Vt, f, and Ve were monitored before, during, and after rebreathing. During the rebreathing run, PappCO2 and Paco2 rose linearly from 35 40 to 65-70 mm Hg; there was no significant difference between PappCO2 and Paco2 at any time during rebreathing. Vt and Ve increases almost linearly with the rise of PappCO2, while f increased to a maximum within 2 min of rebreathing. In the rat, Vt regulation seemed to operate exclusively as a proportional control system in response to linearly increasing CO2 stimulus. The slopes of PappCO2, Vt or Ve response curves varied considerably during the time course of the experiment, depending upon the level of anesthesia, even though there was no large change in Ve in the control periods which were under hyperoxic conditions. However, a significant linear relationship was seen between f in the respective control period and the slope of PappCO2-Vt response at various levels of anesthesia. We concluded that the rebreathing technique can be applied in small experimental animals and that changes in the sensitivity of the respiratory control system to a CO2 stimulus by anesthesia can be easily monitored by repeating the rebreathing test. PMID- 6806776 TI - Clinical forum. 6. Burns: in need of support. PMID- 6806779 TI - Funding: conflicting claims. PMID- 6806778 TI - Nursing care study: a lump in his throat. PMID- 6806775 TI - Drug therapy in long-term care facilities. PMID- 6806777 TI - Clinical forum. 6. Burns: life lines. PMID- 6806781 TI - [Two cases of familial thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficit identified by the screening of neonatal hypothyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency is a well-known condition transmitted as a X-linked dominant trait or as autosomal dominant trait. This condition is benign and hypothyroidism is never associated. Values of T4 in the serum are abnormally low, TSH values are normal, RT3U values are high. TBG deficiency probably are much more diffuse than we believed in past. Therefore it's possible to detect this deficit through screening programs for neonatal hypothyroidism. In this paper we describe two cases of TBG deficit. Thyroid function and TBG levels in babies and in their families are studied. In our sample of three years the incidence is I:3170 newborns, The presumable inheritance pattern are both X linked dominant and autosomal dominant. Neither in affected babies nor in their relatives thyroid function is abnormal. PMID- 6806780 TI - [Critical remarks about the monitoring of antiepileptic drug levels in pediatric age (author's transl)]. AB - The clinical use of blood dosages of antiepileptic drugs in a pediatric population is discussed. This study is focused on three main problems: 1) Analysis of the causes affecting the relationship between posology and blood levels of antiepileptic drugs. The significance of age and pharmacologic interaction are stressed. 2) Critical discussion of the meaning of therapeutic range. It is confirmed that, especially in pediatric age, it is not possible to establish a clear cut parallelism between blood level and therapeutic response. 3) Study of the relationship between blood level and side effects; chronic effects on hepatic function are specially considered. PMID- 6806783 TI - [Arterial blood-gases and acid-base balance in acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract in infancy (author's transl)]. AB - A group of 31 infants, aged 1 month to 13 months, recovered at the Pediatric Institute of the University of Florence for acute diseases of the lower respiratory tract, were analyzed for paCO2, paO2, pH and BE. Samples of arterial blood were obtained in the first, second, fourth and eighth day of recovery. Hypoxia occurred in all the infants and metabolic acidosis was found in almost every case. The paCO2 value resulted high in some of the babies, normal in others and below normal in the remaining. pH showed a lower value in patients affected with metabolic and respiratory acidosis. paCO2 returned to normal value on the eighth day in all the infants, while pH remained slightly below normal value, due to persisting metabolic acidosis. paO2 registered only a small increase during the stay, remaining on the eighth day still below normal level. PMID- 6806784 TI - [Enzymatic diagnosis of classical Morquio syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis IV A) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806785 TI - [Goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia): a case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806786 TI - Comparison of TRH and anorexigenic peptide on food intake and gastrointestinal secretions. AB - Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, and anorexigenic peptide (AP), isolated recently from the urine of females with "hypothalamic" anorexia nervosa, have been shown to affect food intake but no study has been performed to compare their action on gastrointestinal secretions. This report shows that both TRH and AP reduce dose-dependently the food intake during sham-feeding and inhibit gastric and pancreatic secretions in response to various exogenous and endogenous stimulants in conscious dogs. The results indicate that TRH and AP have similar inhibitory action on feeding and gastrointestinal secretory activity and that they may be involved in peptidergic mediation of satiety and gastrointestinal secretion. PMID- 6806782 TI - [Prevalence of non A - non B hepatitis in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - Little is known from the literature about the epidemiology of non A - non B hepatitis (NANB/H) in childhood. Aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of NANB/H in a consecutive series of children with acute viral hepatitis hospitalized over an one year's period. Thirty children, 9 females, aged 3-12 years, were studied. Serial blood samples were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti HBc, anti-HAV (Abbott RIA), anti-HAV-IgM (Absorption Staph. aureus protein A), anti-EBV (Immunofluorescence), anti-CMV, anti-Herpes s. virus (complement fixation). The diagnosis of NANB/H was based on the absence of these markers. Nineteen patients (63,3%) had type A, and 5 (16,6%), had type B hepatitis. One child showed antibodies anti-Herpes with rising titer and 5 (16.6%), 2 females, were considered suffering from NANB/H. None of these patients had been injected or haemotransfuded; all but one came from rural ambient and two from the same family. Two children had an anicteric course. The illness lasted less than 30 days in all but one, who showed three peaks of transaminases and recovered after 70 days. These data show a prevalence of NANB/H in childhood greater than that elsewhere reported, while the absence of injections suggests a way of infection other than parenteral. PMID- 6806787 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against a soluble cytoplasmic antigen in human prostatic epithelial cells. AB - Antibodies against a soluble cytoplasmic protein contained in prostate epithelial cells were developed using the hybridoma technique. This was done to provide markers for these cells that can be used to identify acinar cells in culture and to follow their development and/or differentiation over long periods of time. The antibodies do not recognize prostatic acid phosphatase nor the prostate antigen. They do recognize prostate acinar cells in formalin fixed tissue sections. The basal cells underlying the prostate epithelial acinar cells do not appear to contain the antigen. The antigen detected is believed to be a product of differentiated prostatic acinar cells. PMID- 6806788 TI - Enteral nutritional support: guidelines for feeding product selection. PMID- 6806789 TI - Pulmonary paraprotein production in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. AB - A case of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia is presented where marrow examination was normal and production of the abnormal protein was centered on the lungs. Symptomatic and biochemical improvement was achieved with chlorambucil and prednisone. Lung manifestations in the disease are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6806790 TI - Lysine and protein requirements of growing turkeys. AB - A study was conducted with 1,751 Large White turkeys divided into 36 pens of males and 36 pens of females between 8 and 24 or 20 weeks of age, respectively, to determine the requirements of protein and lysine for turkeys. Diets were composed of ground yellow corn, dehulled soybean meal, 6% stabilized fat, 4% meat and bone meal, .4% methionine, minerals, and vitamins. A 3 X 3 factorial design of nine diets varying in protein (18, 21, and 24%) and added lysine (0, .1, and .2%) was used between 8 and 12 weeks of age. Birds were reassigned to new balanced pens at the end of each 4-week period, and protein levels were reduced by 3.0%. The addition of 3 and 6% protein, which provides .22 and .44% lysine, to diets of turkeys between 8 and 20 weeks of age increased body weight gains 18.3 and 24.7%, respectively, in contrast to an increase of only 2.2 and 3.6% from .1 and .2% added L-lysine per se. the minimum protein requirements of large White male turkeys at 10, 14, and 18 weeks of age are 21.3, 19.5, and 17.6% and for female turkeys 21.7, 18.4, and 15.0%, respectively. The minimum lysine requirements of large White turkeys to 12, 16, and 20 weeks of age are about 1.4, 1.2, and.9%, respectively, or 4.5, 3.7, and 3.0 g/kcal metabolizable energy. Another amino acid appears to be equally or more deficient than lysine in diets used in this study. PMID- 6806792 TI - In vitro antifungal activity of gentian violet. AB - Gentian violet, a compound that gained wide acceptance in the poultry industry as a mold inhibitor in feed, was tested for its activity against eight aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and A. Parasiticus. In a simple nutrient medium, it completely inhibited growth of all strains at 8 micrograms/ml. When chicken feed was added to the medium, the inhibition by the same concentration ranged from 12 to 44% depending on the strain. Observations suggested that both the feed and the fungi were involved in the resistance conferred by chicken feed. Growth and aflatoxin production on moist rice was inhibited in one strain but not in a second strain. Inoculating autoclaved chicken feed of varying moisture contents with pure cultures revealed that the activity of gentian violet was better at high moisture contents than at low moisture contents approximating those found in poultry feed. It was not possible to assess the activity of gentian violet in unaltered chicken feed. Attempts failed because the formation of reproducible levels of aflatoxin could not be attained. PMID- 6806793 TI - The influence of diflubenzuron on several reproductive characteristics in male and female-layer-breed chickens. AB - The possibility exists for the accidental contamination of feedstuffs used in poultry and livestock feeds with diflubenzuron (Dimilin, TH 6040; N-[[(4 chlorophenyl)amino]-carbonyl]-2, 6-difluorobenzamide), an insect growth regulator. The effect of this insecticide on reproduction in chickens was tested by feeding diflubenzuron at levels of 1, 2.5, 25, and 250 ppm to male and female layer-breed chickens from 1 day of age through a laying cycle. Characteristics measured were egg production, egg weight, eggshell weight, fertility, hatchability, and effects on the progeny. Feeding diflubenzuron at levels up to 250 ppm did not affect the characteristics measured. These results will be useful in evaluating the use of diflubenzuron in the field. PMID- 6806791 TI - Analysis of liver glycogen in chicks. AB - The glycogen levels in homogenates from livers from 3- to 4-week-old broilers were measured using alkaline digestion and ethanol precipitation followed by direct hydrolysis with amyloglucosidase. Glycogen was determined with glucose oxidase. Glycogen levels were not affected by rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen and storage at -10 C. Glycogen was stabile at 4 C for at least 1 hr; however, at room temperature, over 50% of the glycogen was lost within 1 hr. Homogenization with .05 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) prevented this loss. Liver glycogen decreased rapidly (within 1 hr) after feed withdrawal and was sometimes undetectable within 2 hr. There was considerable variation in glycogen levels among individual birds. Liver glycogen levels were up to 50% higher at 1100 than at 0800 hr. PMID- 6806794 TI - Decreased transference of 153Gd into the oocytes of Japanese quail given ethylenediaminetetraacetate. PMID- 6806796 TI - Endocrinology of menstrual disorders. PMID- 6806795 TI - Virginiamycin effects on controlling necrotic enteritis infection in chickens. AB - Duplicate trials were conducted with male broiler chickens to evaluate virginiamycin as treatment against experimentally induced necrotic enteritis infection. Each trial consisted of seven treatments, each replicated four times, with 10 birds per replicate. Two treatments were fed control ration (noninfected control and infected control) and the five remaining treatments were fed virginiamycin at 5, 10, 15, 20, or 40 g/ton. Birds were orally dosed with 10 ml of Clostridium perfringens culture at 14 days of age. At 5 weeks of age, surviving birds were killed and necropsied to obtain lesion scores. Birds fed virginiamycin had significantly less mortality and lower intestinal lesion scores than nonmedicated birds when experimentally infected with necrotic enteritis. PMID- 6806797 TI - Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with anosmia (Kallman's syndrome). PMID- 6806798 TI - The prophylaxis of angina pectoris in general practice. A placebo-controlled comparison of nifedipine and propranolol. PMID- 6806799 TI - [Treatment of patients with angina pectoris in general practice with a new transdermal therapeutic system containing nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806800 TI - [Optimization of protein hydrolysis by Bacillus subtilis alkaline proteinase]. AB - Casein hydrolysis by alkaline proteinase from Bacillus subtilis str. 72 had been investigated. It has been shown that the hydrolytic rate depends on the substrate concentration and declines rapidly with time even at low protein concentrations. It has been suggested to use an equation describing the time dependence of the rate of casein proteolysis and characterizing the optimum time of protein hydrolysis, maximum rate of hydrolysis, and the maximum yield of the reaction products. PMID- 6806801 TI - [Serum immunoglobulins in patients with malignant lymphomas]. PMID- 6806803 TI - [Importance of Robert Koch's discovery for the development of the bacteriology of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6806802 TI - [Diagnosis of thrombophilia - hereditary deficiency of antithrombin III]. PMID- 6806804 TI - [Significance of the copiousness of bacteria excretion in newly detected patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6806806 TI - [Structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis based on electron microscopic data]. PMID- 6806807 TI - [Conditions for rifampicin activity and the formation of resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in in vitro experiments]. PMID- 6806805 TI - [Formation of a filterable form of the causative agent of tuberculosis in the chemotherapy process (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6806808 TI - [Comparative study of the higher fatty acids of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis lipids]. PMID- 6806809 TI - [Mycobacterium tuberculosis with initial drug resistance in silicotuberculosis and pulmonary tuberculosis patients]. PMID- 6806810 TI - Tangier disease: a structural defect in apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I Tangier). AB - Tangier disease is a familial disorder characterized by orange tonsils, cholesterol ester deposition in reticuloendothelial cells, abnormal chylomicron remnants, and a marked reduction in high density lipoproteins. Plasma concentrations of the apolipoproteins apo-A-I and apoA-II in patients with Tangier disease are approximately 1% and 7% of those in normal subjects, respectively. Previous studies have shown that the low plasma concentrations of apoA-I and apoA-II are due to increased fractional catabolism with a relatively normal apoA-I and apoA-II synthesis. Plasma apoA-I and apoA-II were isolated to electrophoretic homogeneity from delipidated plasma lipoproteins from a patient with Tangier disease. ApoA-I Tangier differed from apoA-I from control subjects in amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, apparent molecular weight on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and heterogeneity of isoforms on isoelectric focusing. ApoA-II Tangier, however, appeared to be identical to normal apoA-II in amino acid composition and in immunological as well as chemical properties. These results have been interpreted as indicating that apoA-I Tangier has a different covalent structure than does normal apoA-I, and apoA-II Tangier is identical to normal apoA-II. This structural change in apoA-I Tangier is associated with rapid catabolism of apoA-I Tangier-and apoA-II Tangier-containing plasma lipoproteins, and it leads to the deficiency in high density lipoproteins, abnormal chylomicron remnants, and the intracellular accumulation of cholesterol ester characteristic of Tangier disease. PMID- 6806811 TI - Higher order DNA structure in macronuclear chromatin of the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha nova. AB - On lysis of macronuclei from the ciliated protozoan Oxytricha at 0.5-2 M NaCl, the DNA, which is normally found as discrete molecules ranging from 0.5 to 20 kilobases, appears in high molecular weight aggregates. Various treatments of the macronuclear lysate (i.e., nucleases, proteases, variation of salt, pH, and temperature) indicate that preservation of the aggregate structure depends on both nucleic acid-nucleic acid and nucleic acid-protein interactions. Purification of the DNA-protein complex after lysing the nuclei in 2 M NaCl shows that one major nuclear protein copurifies with the DNA. As shown by DNA-protein binding experiments, this protein has a high affinity for DNA; however, no evidence for sequence specificity of the protein binding was obtained. Chromatin reconstitution experiments suggest that the protein in itself is not sufficient for DNA aggregation in nuclei, but other factors, possibly the native chromatin structure, are required. Electron microscopy of the purified DNA-protein complex showed structures similar to those observed previously with in vitro-aggregated purified macronuclear DNA (14). A model is presented in which the terminal inverted repeat sequences found on all macronuclear DNA molecules interact with each other forming multistranded DNA complexes. The formation of these structures may be accelerated and stabilized by a protein in vivo. PMID- 6806812 TI - A DNA primase activity associated with DNA polymerase alpha from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. AB - Preparations of DNA polymerase alpha from early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster catalyze the ATP-dependent synthesis of DNA with single-stranded M13 DNA or poly(dT) templates. In the case of M13 DNA, GTP, but not UTP or CTP, can replace ATP. The reaction is completely dependent on added template and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. Alkaline hydrolysis of the product synthesized in the presence of [alpha-32P]dATP and poly(dT) generates 32P-labeled 3'(2') adenylate, showing that a covalent ribo-deoxynucleotide linkage is formed. Furthermore, incorporation of ribonucleotides occurs at the 5' end of the newly synthesized polynucleotide chain. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a ribo-oligonucleotide primer is synthesized by primase action and subsequently elongated by DNA polymerase. Under the appropriate conditions, DNA polymerase I from Escherichia coli can elongate primers formed by primase in the presence of ATP and poly(dT). Primase activity copurifies with DNA polymerase alpha and may be part of the multisubunit polymerase molecule. PMID- 6806814 TI - Synapsis-dependent allelic complementation at the decapentaplegic gene complex in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Allelic complementation at the decapentaplegic gene complex (dpp: 2-4-0, cytogenetic location: polytene chromosome bands 22F1-3) of Drosophila melanogaster frequently occurs between site mutations. Two specific instances of allelic complementation are shown to be dependent upon normal somatic chromosome synapsis of homologous dpp genes. Numerous strains have been identified that bear lesions that disrupt allelic complementation when heterozygous with structurally normal chromosomes; each of these 57 strains contains a gross chromosomal rearrangement with a break on chromosome 2. The properties of the rearrangements carried by 50 of these strains are consonant with the idea that their effects are due to a disruption of somatic chromosome synapsis in the dpp region of chromosome arm 2L. In double heterozygotes of simple two-break rearrangements, allelic complementation is restored (presumably through the restoration of structural homozygosity). The types of rearrangements that disrupt complementation have properties very similar to those of rearrangements that disrupt the transvection effect at bithorax [Lewis, E. B. (1954) Am. Nat. 88, 225 239]. The existence of synapsis-dependent allelic complementation is a demonstration of the physiological importance of nuclear organization in gene expression. PMID- 6806813 TI - Reconstitution of rods from tobacco mosaic virus protein and RNA modified with bulky carcinogens. AB - Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA was treated with radioactive N-acetoxy-2 acetylaminofluorene (N-acetoxy-AAF) and (+/-)-7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy-9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene (BaP diol epoxide) to obtain 3 25 adducts per molecule. Modified full length 30S RNAs and unmodified RNA were reconstituted for various time periods with TMV protein. The particulate products were separated by ultracentrifugation, and the amounts of virus-like material were quantitated by UV spectrophotometry. The length distribution and general appearance of the virus-like rods were studied by electron microscopy. Neither type of carcinogen prevented typical rod formation, but the rate of formation and the maximal yield of reconstituted particles diminished with increasing modification by both agents. The rod length distribution also showed progressively lesser numbers of full-length virus rods. The particulate material contained approximately the same number of adducts as the modified RNA. Thus, it appears that these carcinogen modifications of guanine residues at the N-2 or C-8 atoms did not prevent orderly protein assembly on the RNA but instead slowed up this process and frequently stopped it, possibly at sites where adducts happen to be clustered. PMID- 6806815 TI - Light-dependent effects of a hydrolysis-resistant analog of GTP on rod photoresponses in the toad retina. AB - Responses to 100-ms flashes were recorded intracellularly from dark- and light adapted rod photoreceptors in the isolated retina of the toad, Bufo marinus. Properties of photoresponses were analyzed under each condition of adaptation when retinas were superfused with 1.0 mM guanosine 5'-[beta, gamma methylene]triphosphate (p[CH2]ppG), a hydrolysis-resistant analog od GTP. When applied to retinas that previously had been subjected to intense light (approximately 30% bleach), p[CH2]ppG increased both the amplitude and duration of photoresponses. By contrast, treatment of dark-adapted retinas with p[CH2]ppG did not alter these response parameters. When similarly applied to either dark- or light-adapted retinas, GTP had no effects on amplitude or duration of photoresponses. These results are discussed in terms of GTP-dependent mechanisms for rod adaptation. PMID- 6806816 TI - Antibodies to horseradish peroxidase as specific neuronal markers in Drosophila and in grasshopper embryos. AB - Antibodies specific for horseradish peroxidase (HRPeroxase) bind to neuronal membranes in Drosophila and serve as a specific neuronal marker. Immunocytochemical staining with these antibodies marks sensory neurons, peripheral nerves, and fiber tracks in the central nervous system of embryos, larvae, and adult flies. Similar patterns of staining also were seen in embryos of the grasshopper. It appears that an antigen associated with the nervous system and appearing early in differentiation is recognized by antibodies to HRPeroxase. Using this staining method, we followed embryogenesis of the central nervous system in Drosophila and found that the organization of central fiber tracks resembled that in the previously well-characterized grasshopper. We have used the anti-HRPeroxase antibodies to show that mutations affecting segmentation in Drosophila affect the organization of the embryonic nervous system. PMID- 6806818 TI - Complete amino acid sequence of the delta heavy chain of human immunoglobulin D. AB - We have determined the amino acid sequence of the variable (V) region of the delta heavy (H) chain of human IgD isolated from the plasma of myeloma patient WAH. This V region is unusual in its amino end group (arginine) and in its length (129 residues). The length is due to 10 insertions in the third complementarity determining region (CDR3). A computer search showed that no reported CDR3-joining region (-JH) sequences are identical and that they appear to be unrelated to the constant (C) region sequences of immunoglobulins. The V region sequence together with our previous results for the C region give the complete sequence of the human delta chain WAH, which has 512 amino acid residues and a Mr congruent to 65,000. The human delta chain has four domains (V, C delta 1, C delta 2, and C delta 3) and a long hinge region; by comparison, the mouse delta chain lacks a continuous segment of 135 residues, including half the hinge region and the entire C delta 2 domain. The human and mouse delta chains also differ in the number, kind, and location of GlcN and GalN glycans and probably in conformation and quaternary structure. These and other considerations suggest that there may be multiple forms of both secreted and membrane-bound IgD that differ in size, structure, and function. PMID- 6806819 TI - Conformational analysis of the calcium--A23187 complex at a lipid--water interface. AB - A possible conformation of the complex formed by one calcium ion and two molecules of the ionophore A23187 at a simulated lipid--water interface was predicted by a variant method for conformational analysis. This method takes into account, in addition to the Van der Waals energy, electrostatic interaction, and torsional potential, the alteration of electrostatic forces attributable to changes in dielectric constant at the interface and the transfer energy for each part of the complex as it moves through the lipid-water interface. The most probable conformer was characterized by a two-fold axial symmetry that was maintained during transition to the hydrophobic bulk conformation. Minor changes in the interfacial structure were sufficient to achieve the configuration characteristic of the hydrophobic bulk phase. PMID- 6806820 TI - Esterase 6 in Drosophila melanogaster: reproductive function of active and null males at low temperature. AB - Esterase 6 is a polymorphic carboxylesterase (carboxylic-ester hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.1) localized to the reproductive tract of male Drosophila melanogaster and transferred to females at copulation. The reproductive fitness of males is strongly affected by temperature and the esterase 6 alleles (active versus null) that they carry. Low temperature (18 degrees C) dramatically changes the character of reproductive functions relative to optimal 25 degrees C. Males with active esterase 6 mate sooner, copulate for a shorter time, and produce more progeny per mating than do esterase 6 null males at 18 degrees C, in contrast to equal progeny production at 25 degrees C. A male esterase 6 effect on the remating speed of females at 25 degrees C is absent at 18 degrees C. Previous work suggests that male esterase 6 promotes ejaculate transfer, sperm storage, and use in females. The differences in reproductive fitness at 18 degrees C noted here may follow from the effects of esterase 6 on sperm transfer and utilization. The esterase 6 effect on productivity is consistent for different female types, even though the components of productivity that were affected, egg laying and egg fertility, changed with female type. These data lead to the hypothesis that the wide-spread polymorphism for esterase 6 may be adaptively significant. PMID- 6806817 TI - Cellular and subcellular localization of protein I in the peripheral nervous system. AB - The cellular and subcellular distribution of protein I, a major brain phosphoprotein, has been studied in the peripheral nervous system. The levels of protein I in various peripheral nerves and innervated peripheral tissues were determined by radioimmunoassay and radioimmunolabeling of polyacrylamide gels. The results indicated tha protein I is present throughout the peripheral nervous system. Denervation studies of adrenal medulla and iris suggested that the protein I contained in peripheral tissues is localized to the neuronal elements innervating those tissues. Protein I was found to be enriched in neurotransmitter vesicle fractions of peripheral nervous tissue. Moreover, protein I appeared to be transported from cell bodies to axons terminals at least partly in association with neurotransmitter vesicles. PMID- 6806821 TI - Simultaneous expression of immunoglobulin mu and delta heavy chains by a cloned B cell lymphoma: a single copy of the VH gene is shared by two adjacent CH genes. AB - The cloned murine B-cell lymphoma line (BCL1) that expresses surface IgM and IgD is considered to be a model for the immunoglobulin gene expression of the mature virgin B cell. Of particular interest is the mechanism by which a single VH gene is shared by two CH genes. We examined the organization of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in BCL1 DNA. A single arrangement of CH genes was found with the expressed VHDJH gene complex just 5' to the Cmu gene. The complete DNA sequence of the VH gene was determined. No rearrangement occurred in the intervening DNA between the JH and C mu genes or between the C mu and C delta genes. We conclude that dual expression of mu and delta heavy chains using a single VH gene is accomplished by alternate processing of a primary transcript that encompasses the the VHDJH complex and both CH genes. PMID- 6806822 TI - DNA rearrangements in MPC-11 immunoglobulin heavy chain class-switch variants. AB - Immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching has been observed in vitro. In the IgG2b-producing MPC-11 mouse myeloma cell line, IgG2a-producing cells arise at a high frequency. In some cases, switch variants producing normal-sized (Mr 55,000) gamma 2a heavy chains have arisen spontaneously from a mutagen-induced "intermediate" (ICR 9.7.1) that produces an unusually large (Mr 75,000) heavy chain. Other switch variants have been isolated directly from the parent cell line. The expressed and unexpressed gamma 2b genes of MPC-11 can be distinguished in restriction endonuclease digests of total genomic DNA so that DNA rearrangements detected in MPC-11 variants can be directly associated with one or the other of these two genes. We describe here DNA rearrangements occurring on the expressed heavy chain chromosome of several MPC-11 gamma 2a switch variants and on the expressed chromosome of the ICR 9.7.1 intermediate. Our data indicate that all of these variants express the parental heavy chain variable region (VH) gene, supporting previous protein studies. We provide mapping data for the expressed gene of both ICR 9.7.1 and one of the IgG2a-producing variant cell lines (ICR 9.9.2.1) derived from it and discuss the advantages of an in vitro switching system for examining the dynamics of the immunoglobulin heavy chain class switch. PMID- 6806824 TI - Biliary excretion of lopanoic acid in Gunn rats. PMID- 6806823 TI - Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement and transcription in murine T cell hybrids and T lymphomas. AB - We have examined the arrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant (CH) and joining (JH) region genes in murine T cell hybrid lines and in T lymphomas. CH genes derived from both parental cell types were present in all hybrids for which polymorphism in sequences flanking CH genes permitted us to distinguish parental CH genes. All T lymphomas and T cell hybrids retained the C alpha gene in germ line configuration and all but one cell line had germ-line C mu genes. Novel DNA fragments reactive with JH probes were observed in six of nine T cell hybrids, as well as in two T lymphomas, WEHI7.1 and YAC-1, but not in the fusion parent, BW5147. No RNA homologous to C gamma 2b, C alpha, or lambda genes was detected in any of the T cell lines. T cell lines contained poly(A)+ RNA homologous to a C mu cDNA probe. More importantly, in several cell lines the C mu RNAs were associated with membrane-bound polyribosomes. These results suggest that both JH rearrangements and C mu RNA production occur in at least some mature, antigen specific T cells. They may therefore reflect events in normal T cell development and function related to those involved in the generation of the T receptor for antigen. PMID- 6806825 TI - Effect of carotid body hypoxia and/or hypercapnia on pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 6806827 TI - Fluoride stimulation of canine neutrophils: the role of calcium binding. PMID- 6806826 TI - Is the first or second periovulatory surge of FSH responsible for follicular recruitment in the hamster? PMID- 6806828 TI - Redefining the major risk factors and improving prognosis in colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6806829 TI - A comparison of the behavioral effects of proteo-and deutero-N, N dimethyltryptamine. PMID- 6806830 TI - The effect of sucrose and hexitol--containing chewing gums on plaque acidogenesis in vivo. AB - Comparative quantitation of plaque organic acids formed in vivo in the course of chewing sucrose and sorbitol-mannitol containing gums disclosed that the hexitol gum did not generate any additional lactic, formic, butyric, propionic, acetic or pyruvic acid beyond baseline (0 time) values. In contrast, sucrose-containing gum produced significant increases in lactic and butyric acids. Quantitatively, acetic acid was the major acid in all plaque samples; the values were comparable for both gums at all times, suggesting it was mainly generated from endogenous sources. PMID- 6806832 TI - Magnetic fields affect the lac operon system. PMID- 6806831 TI - Antagonism by meseclazone and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs of bradykinin-induced bronchospasm. AB - Bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction is due, in part, to release of TXA2 and prostaglandins. Intravenous administration of meseclazone and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs caused a dose-dependent inhibition of bronchoconstriction resulting in the following order of descending potency: isoproterenol congruent to indomethacin greater than fenoprofen greater than tolmetin greater than aspirin greater than naproxen congruent to ibuprofen greater than phenylbutazone greater than diflunisal greater than meseclazone greater than 5-CSA. This order of potency does not correlate with that obtained with these compounds for in vitro relaxation of tracheal smooth muscle, an effect which may be related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6806833 TI - Single-strand breaks induced in Bacillus subtilis DNA by ultraviolet light: action spectrum and properties. PMID- 6806838 TI - Delivering the woman artist from the silence of the womb: Otto Rank's influence on Anais Nin. PMID- 6806834 TI - Posterior parietal lobe of the primate brain. PMID- 6806836 TI - Thyroid-stimulating hormone response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in unipolar depression before and after clinical improvement. AB - Fourteen patients with unipolar depression who had a blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to infusion of 500 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and who showed marked clinical improvement after pharmacotherapy and/or electroconvulsive therapy had the TRH test repeated after improvement. The mean (+/- SD) maximal TSH response to TRH (delta TSH) increased significantly from 4.0 +/- 1.9 to 9.1 3.5 micro IU/ml. The number of patients with delta TSH less than 7.0 micro IU/ml increased significantly from 0 to 9 of 14 after improvement. Eleven of the patients were followed for 5 to 19 months, and none showed clear relapse. The results suggest that the blunted TSH response to TRH has features of both a state marker for active unipolar depression and a trait marker for vulnerability to this illness, and support the suggestion that the TRH test may be useful in diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID- 6806839 TI - The alpha and omega of psychoanalysis: reflections on Anna O. and Freud's Vienna. PMID- 6806840 TI - Female self representation and the unconscious: a reply to Amy Galen. PMID- 6806837 TI - The red blood cell/plasma lithium ratio: marker of biological heterogeneity within bipolar affective illness? AB - The red blood cell/plasma concentration ratio (LR) was studied in 45 female patients with bipolar affective illness who responded to prophylactic lithium treatment. Patients were subdivided according to bipolar I vs. bipolar II diagnosis and presence vs. absence of a family history of affective illness. Mean LRs were significantly higher in bipolar II patients and in those with a positive family history of affective illness, but there was no relationship between diagnosis and family history. Results indicate that LR is genetically controlled and may be a biological marker distinguishing bipolar I and bipolar II patients, and also patients with positive or negative family history of affective illness. PMID- 6806841 TI - Narcissism and female gender identity: a reformulation. AB - The theory of narcissism and the study of the psychological development of the female child have both been subjects of considerable controversy within psychoanalysis. Some issues central to these controversies have been discussed and evaluated with attention to the contributions made by advances in each area upon the other. From a historical perspective, Freud's illuminating introduction of the concept of narcissism opened the door toward explaining a variety of puzzling clinical phenomena. Deutsch then elaborated upon Freud's contribution as well as upon his specific bias in her description of the psychology of women. Later, Jacobson addressed herself to a reformulation of then existing views of female psychological development. Kohut's innovative clinical observations and Stolorow's functional definition of narcissism provided a unique vantage point from which to offer a critical restatement of narcissistic factors in the development of the female child. Specifically, narcissism was freed from its singular relationship to female development (the emphasis on castration shock and penis envy as rock bottom factors in female character formation) and related to structuralization of the representational world--self- and object representations. Sexual differences can then be understood as most relevant for the content of these structures. In this context, the work of Stoller was cited. Finally, three topics that grew out of these considerations and elaborations were considered: the role of the little girl's attachment to and separation from her mother, the role of the psychosexual phases and an evaluation of penis envy, and the role of the father as an ideal. The reciprocal relationship between psychosexual development and the differentiation, integration and consolidation of self and object images has specific relevance for the manner in which femininity as the content of the self-representation of the developing girl enhances and is enhanced by the structuralization of the representations. The unfolding of the psychosexual phases with their associated imagery can be viewed as the gradual unfolding of more complex, differentiated and articulated self and object representations. Conversely, the gradual separation, integration and consolidation of self- and object-representations makes possible the development of increasingly more advanced forms of psychosexual experiences. Thus, the original question of the relationship between narcissism and female development has led to much broader issues. Narcissism concerns the structuralization and maintenance of the self. However, while narcissistic activities may promote structuralization, they may also serve to shore up a precarious sense of gender identity. PMID- 6806842 TI - Individuation of women. AB - The period between 30 and 40 years of age is probably the normal time developmentally for women to complete the individuation from their mothers. Because of the change of object from the primary object (mother) to the secondary object (father), as well as the lack of a narcissistic triumph over the mother comparable to that of a boy's penis, a woman's psychosexual development is more difficult and prolonged. The girl must resolve her attachment to the omnipotent mother and work through her Oedipus complex by deidealizing the father, recognizing that her anal-sadistic impulses do not castrate men, before she can completely individuate. Only then does she become an autonomous, complete woman. Passive-dependency in women is not a mature adult state, as several authors hold, but a partially resolved individuation from the mother, now transferred onto men. Becoming attached to men, idealizing them, they devalue themselves in order not to regress to the omnipotent preoedipal mother. Adulthood (30-40 years) is the time when this resolution can occur because there have been sufficient narcissistic achievements for the woman, enough distance from the actual preoedipal mother, and an opportunity to observe that their own anal-sadistic impulses toward men have not castrated or destroyed them, as well as an opportunity to see men as fallible and human. This is a reason so many woman return to school and begin careers in their 30s. This incomplete resolution is also a reason for fewer original discoveries and creative contributions by women than by men during the course of history. As society changes, this special difficulty for women to individuate may change as well, but I would predict that such change would not be as much as one might expect because of the unique psychosexual development of women. PMID- 6806844 TI - Female identity in psychosocial perspective. PMID- 6806843 TI - Half a century later: current status of Freud's controversial views on women. AB - There is an ongoing reexamination of Freud's theories on femininity, in the light of accumulating contrary empirical evidence (derived both from the clinical situation and from direct observations of children). This reexamination remains under the shadow of the historic controversy, which rigidified positions in this area, turning them into a matter of doctrinaire loyalty. At present, two opposing currents may be observed. On the one hand, there is a good deal of continuing research in this area, some of which has been used to confront directly the difficulties with Freud's writings on women. On the other hand, there are continued efforts to salvage everything possible of Freud's formulation, even if at the expense of its internal logic (as when parts of his theory are discarded while retaining concepts predicated on the discarded assumptions). Many of the formulations offered are sufficiently ambiguous as to be rather confusing to all but the most initiated. There are, in addition, attempts to vindicate Freud's ideas by substituting for them Lacan's metaphorical reinterpretations, thereby making them less accessible to empirical refutation. The contradiction in this last position is that, while rejecting Freud's "scientism," it reaffirms as a doctrine the universal generalizations offered by Freud. The latter "defense" ignores Freud's own commitments to scientific standards, and his self identification as an empirical scientist. PMID- 6806835 TI - [Clinical and neurophysiologic aspects of status myoclonicus]. PMID- 6806845 TI - Early and later determinants of lesbian choice. PMID- 6806847 TI - Endocrine disturbances in anorexia nervosa and depression. PMID- 6806846 TI - Some thoughts on "The transduction of experience" from a developmental perspective. PMID- 6806848 TI - [Radiation-induced shortening of the lifespan of D. melanogaster. 1. Analysis of the survival curves following gamma-irradiation of adult insects]. PMID- 6806850 TI - Osteopathia antiepileptica. PMID- 6806849 TI - [Concerning problems of the parenteral nutrition at the complex therapy of radiation changes of the intestine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806851 TI - Arteriovenous fistula in patients with neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6806853 TI - Contamination of a 15-MV photon beam by electrons and scattered photons. AB - The 15-MV photon beam of a linear accelerator (Siemens Mevatron 20) was studied for electron and scattered photon contamination. The surface dose, attributable almost entirely to contamination electrons, has a Gaussian lateral distribution, a linear dependence on field width for square fields, and an inverse square dependence on distance from the bottom of the fixed head assembly. This geometrical dependence is consistent with the proposal that the field flattening filter is the main source of electron contamination when accessories are absent. A tissue-maximum-ratio curve in the build-up region for the electron and photon contamination was produced utilizing the linearity of dose with respect to field width. The derived contamination curve inside was similar to the measured build up curve outside the field. The primary photon component, obtained by subtracting the contaminant contribution, showed no dependence on field size, source-to-probe distance, or presence of accessories. PMID- 6806852 TI - The cost of managing digital diagnostic images. AB - A study of the cost of recording and archiving digitally formatted diagnostic images is presented for an academic radiology department serving a 614-bed university hospital and a large outpatient population. The radiological examinations include computed tomography, nuclear medicine, ultrasound, and digital radiography. The archiving management strategies studied include the combined use of computer magnetic tapes, computer disc storage, and multiformat video film recordings. The estimated cost per patient for the archiving of digital diagnostic images is presented. PMID- 6806854 TI - A measurement of doses to the neck for mantle field treatment of lymphomas with cobalt-60, 4-, and 10-MV photon beams. AB - Dose distributions within the neck, resulting from equally weighted, parallel, opposed mantle fields, were measured using thermoluminescence dosimetry in using thermoluminescence dosimetry in an anthropomorphic phantom. Results show the similarity and adequacy of the neck dose distribution using photon beams from cobalt 60, a 4-MV linear accelerator with an external filter, and a 10-MV linear accelerator. For equal mid-plane doses, the 4-MV beam without external flattening resulted in superficial dose rates to the lateral neck approximately 10%-15% higher than the other three beams studied. PMID- 6806855 TI - [Immunocytochemical studies of the ovaries in androgenized women (polycystic ovaries, hyperthecosis)]. PMID- 6806856 TI - [Freeze-drying process of tridimensional objects]. PMID- 6806859 TI - [Cellular localization of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in brain tissue]. PMID- 6806858 TI - [Quantitative determination of acid phosphatase activity in a monolayer culture of epitheloid liver cells]. PMID- 6806857 TI - [Cytochemistry of neutral proteases in neutrophil granulocytes in acute inflammatory diseases]. PMID- 6806862 TI - [Immunocytochemical studies of aminoacylase I (EC 3.5.1,14) localization in the swine kidney]. PMID- 6806861 TI - A quantitative approach to efficiency and sensitivity: enzyme histochemistry, immunofluorescence and PAP-technique in tissue sections. AB - Aminopeptidase was demonstrated and its concentration measured in the bile canaliculi of frozen pig liver sections. Sections were stained for enzymic activity by conventional histochemical means, by using purified rabbit anti aminopeptidase followed by fluorescent labelled anti-rabbit-immunoglobulin and rabbit peroxidase anti-peroxidase complex. Absorption and fluorescence measurements by microscopic photometry revealed that under the conditions used the minimal amount of reaction product detectable by the PAP-technique is 3 to 10 times smaller than that of fluorescent stain by immunofluorescence technique, i. e. the PAP-technique is 3 to 10 times more efficient and relative to the amount of detectable anti-aminopeptidase approximately 3 times more sensitive. For the given enzyme concentration in the tissue these two techniques were as sensitive as conventional histochemistry. Saturation of the sites of an antigen within the tissue with antibody is essential for quantitative determination of antigens. PMID- 6806863 TI - [A combined carbohydrate immunocytochemical technic for localization of glycogen in the pancreatic islands of steroid diabetic rats]. PMID- 6806860 TI - [Isolation and purification of antibodies for immunocytochemistry as exemplified by the actin-myosin system]. PMID- 6806864 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of epithelial and urothelial antigens at the light- and electron microscope levels. AB - Antiserum raised in rabbits against the cytosol fraction from calf bladder epithelium was absorbed with sera, human erythrocytes and non-epithelial tissues until it became specific for a number of epithelia including urothelium, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. Electron microscope immunocytochemistry showed that, in the urothelium, the majority of reaction product was present in the superficial cells in association with the plasma membrane, cytoplasmic membrane vesicles and cytoskeleton. After a second series of absorptions with epithelial organs other than bladder, the antiserum was rendered urothelium-specific and the strongest reaction was seen in superficial layer cells. Epithelium and urothelium specific antigens were species cross-reactive and could also be demonstrated in foetal and malignant urothelium. In malignantly transformed mouse bladder epithelium cell lines, the epithelial antigens were associated with the inner surface of the plasma membrane and underlying cytoskeletal elements. PMID- 6806866 TI - Immunochemical typing of amyloid from tissue biopsies. PMID- 6806865 TI - [Comparative immunohistological studies of the localization of the carcinoembryonic antigen in benign and malignant breast tissue]. AB - By means of immunoperoxidase techniques carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) has been localized first in carcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract and then also in other malignant tissues, such as carcinomas of the female genital tract and the breast. There is still an obvious need for intensive studies of the possible effects which the initial tissue processing, i. e. different fixation procedures may have on the localization results of CEA. By using the two step HRP-labelled antibody technique, we studied comparatively the effect of the most employed fixations on tissues from patients with mammary carcinomas and benign breast lesions: 1. Formalin-fixed and paraplast-embedded tissues 2. Cryostat sections of tissues fixed in ethanol and acetone 3. Parablast embedded tissues fixed by the freeze substitution method. The latter sections were tested whether there was any difference in the CEA localization when using the immunofluorescence or immunoperoxidase staining techniques. We concluded from our studies that routinely fixed paraplast sections, stained by the two step HRP-labelled antibody sandwich technique gave sufficient results for the demonstration and localization of CEA. PMID- 6806870 TI - [Nutrition evaluation of the hospitalized pediatric patient]. PMID- 6806867 TI - [Quantitative aspects of labeled plasma cell count in the demonstration of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains. (Findings in human oral squamous cell carcinomas before and after BCG treatment)]. PMID- 6806869 TI - [Staphylococcal septicemia in children. Clinical analysis of 11 cases. Regional Hospital of Valdivia]. PMID- 6806872 TI - [Pulmonary lymphoproliferative syndromes]. PMID- 6806873 TI - [Isolated deficiency of gonadotropins. Response to treatment with the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (LHRH)]. PMID- 6806871 TI - [Conditioning factors in hypocupremia in marasmic children]. PMID- 6806874 TI - [Significance of hormonal parameters in reproductive endocrinology. I. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the semen]. PMID- 6806868 TI - Benefits, risks and costs of viral vaccines. PMID- 6806875 TI - [Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinical review of a series of 40 patients]. PMID- 6806876 TI - Comparison of the antitheilerial effect of Wellcome 993C and halofuginone. AB - The efficacy of Wellcome compound 993C and halofuginone was compared using cattle artificially infected with Theileria parva and using in vitro cultures of T parva. At a total dose of 20 mg/kg administered by the intramuscular route, 993C cured all nine cattle of advanced theileriosis and no major recrudescences of the infection occurred. Halofuginone was given by mouth at 1.2 mg/kg and cured five cattle of early clinical theileriosis, but significant recrudescences of infection occurred. Halofuginone at 1.2 mg/kg cured a further five out of six cattle with advanced theileriosis, but four of the five survivors developed moderate to severe resurgences of infection. The dose of 20 mg/kg of 993C was known to be close to its effective level, but 1.2 mg/kg halofuginone, the dose used by earlier workers, may not have been adequate. All 10 untreated control cattle died of acute theileriosis. The in vitro EC50 of both compounds was 0.003 mg per litre but, whereas the dose response curve of 993C was sigmoid, that of halofuginone was bellshaped. This may reflect toxicity to the host lymphoblastoid cells with higher concentrations of halofuginone. PMID- 6806878 TI - Absence of effect of the body position on arterial blood gases. PMID- 6806877 TI - Respiration unaffected by anemia in chemodenervated cats. PMID- 6806879 TI - Comparison of the effect of aerosols of four mucolytic solutions on the ultrastructure of the tracheal epithelium in rabbits. PMID- 6806880 TI - [Intensive nutritional therapy in the treatment of entero-cutaneous fistulae: an experience of 26 cases]. PMID- 6806882 TI - Standardization procedures of immunochemical apolipoprotein quantitation. PMID- 6806881 TI - Lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and coronary artery disease. PMID- 6806883 TI - Current methods for apolipoprotein evaluation in normal and dyslipoproteinemic plasma. PMID- 6806884 TI - Lipoprotein profile determined by a detailed lipidogram in normal and malnourished patients. PMID- 6806885 TI - Human placental lactogen in the monitoring of high-risk pregnancy. PMID- 6806886 TI - Survey of a new nephelometric system. PMID- 6806890 TI - How vasodilators backfire (and when to expect it). PMID- 6806889 TI - High density lipoproteins (methods of analysis and role in human atherosclerosis). PMID- 6806888 TI - Apolipoprotein AIMilano. (The first molecular variant of human apolipoproteins). PMID- 6806892 TI - [Bacterial indicators of fecal pollution in irrigation waters of vegetable gardens supplying the municipality of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil)]. PMID- 6806894 TI - Characterization of an antibody to factor VIII in a patient with acquired hemophilia with circulating immune complexes. AB - A 73-year-old previously healthy woman was admitted because of severe bleeding from esophagitic lesions and intraabdominal bleeding following hysterectomy. Acquired hemophilia, probably due to an IgG antibody to factor VIII (64 inhibitor units/ml) was noticed, the VIII:C in the patient's plasma being 18% or normal. Immune complexes isolated by polyethylene glycol precipitation had only a weak factor VIII inhibiting activity whereas IgG purified from the complexes and monomeric IgG present in her plasma exerted a strong inhibition. Removal of the complexes from plasma had no effect on the inhibitor titer thus indicating that only a minor part of the antibody was circulating as immune complexes. Plasma or purified IgG from the patient decreased the VIII:C of normal plasma to 18 og 14%, respectively, total inhibition being impossible to achieve even in antibody excess, probably reflecting residual activity of factor VIII bound to the patient's antibodies. The ristocetin cofactor activity of normal plasma was unaffected by the antibodies. Transfusion of factor VIII concentrate to the patient resulted in therapeutic levels of circulating factor VIII and transfused factor VIII circulated longer than usual. Partial remission of the disease with adequate levels of VIII:C occurred after 3 months. PMID- 6806893 TI - The effect of prednisone on platelet function tests. AB - Ivy bleeding time, capillary fragility, threshold ADP concentration for secondary platelet aggregation and platelet adhesiveness were found to be unchanged by 2 d and 6 weeks of treatment with prednisone in 22 consecutive patients with collagen or haematological diseases. Initial high platelet counts were unchanged after 2 d of treatment, but after 6 weeks of treatment the increase was significant. It is concluded that in patients of this category a 6-week treatment with commonly used doses of prednisone does not significantly affect platelet function. PMID- 6806891 TI - Electroencephalographic map - a new computer processing method for diagnosis in clinical and experimental neurophysiology. PMID- 6806895 TI - A new case of gamma-heavy chain disease. Clinical and immunochemical studies. PMID- 6806887 TI - Apolipoprotein disorders. PMID- 6806896 TI - Absence of anamnestic response after transfusion of washed red blood cells in haemophilia A patients with antibody to factor VIII. AB - Washed red blood cells (WRC) have been used for replacing the blood loss in haemophilia A patients with antibody to Factor VIII. Levels of VIII coagulant activity (VIII:C), VIII coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) and VIII related antigen (VIIIR:Ag) have been measured during the different steps of the preparation of WRC. The amount of VIII:CAg decreases very rapidly after washing and both are undetectable in the final product. These results were correlated with the absence of anamnestic response in 10 haemophilia A patients with inhibitor known as high responders. PMID- 6806897 TI - Monoclonal human B lymphoma cells respond to DNA synthesis to anti immunoglobulins in the presence of the tumour promotor TPA. AB - Monoclonal human B lymphoma cells were triggered in vitro to DNA synthesis with F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit IgG antibodies specific for different human immunoglobulin (Ig) light and heavy chains. The specificity of the responses corresponded to surface Ig (sIg) present on tumour cells. Anti-mu chain, anti delta chain, and antibodies to light chains were found to mediate this effect. However, to induce DNA synthesis, the tumour promotor 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) was usually required. TPA alone induced cytoplasmic protrusions and increases in cellular volume. These observations should provide new opportunities to study the triggering of B cells with anti-Ig in well-defined cell populations. PMID- 6806898 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the cervix: the need for a diagnostic service. AB - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from the cervix in 20.4 per cent (104/511) of women attending a department of genito-urinary medicine. Isolation rates ranged from 43.3 per cent in women with gonorrhoea to 4.2 per cent in women with no STD and who required no treatment. There was no association between the presence of chlamydia in the cervix and any symptom complex. Although high isolation rates were also noted in women with signs of cervicitis and in women whose partners had non-gonococcal urethritis, the accuracy of such clinical and epidemiological criteria in predicting cervical infection was low. In the absence of a screening service the chlamydial infection of 81 women (those who were not NGU contacts) would have been undiagnosed and untreated. The need for a screening service is discussed. PMID- 6806901 TI - Federal information services. PMID- 6806899 TI - Home parenteral nutrition: the first twelve months. AB - A patient was treated by home parenteral nutrition because of alimentary failure due to active Crohn's disease, enterocutaneous fistulae, and the short bowel syndrome following massive intestinal resection. This therapy has now been continued for twelve months during which her symptoms, weight, and quality of life have all improved. Complications included an episode of Staph. Albus bacteraemia, and displacement of the replacement catheter. Hepatic steatosis due to excessive dextrose administration because of apparent allergy to Intralipid constitutes an unresolved problem. PMID- 6806902 TI - Diffusion coefficients of respiratory gases in a perfluorocarbon liquid. AB - Although great quantities of respiratory gases dissolve in a perfluorocarbon liquid used to formulate artificial blood, their diffusion rates in this liquid do not exceed those in water. PMID- 6806900 TI - Autoradiographic identification of ornithine decarboxylase in mouse kidney by means of alpha-[5-14C]difluoromethylornithine. AB - alpha-Difluoromethylornithine is an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase that forms a covalent bond with the enzyme. When alpha-[5 14C]difluoromethylornithine was administered to androgen-treated mice, only ornithine decarboxylase became labeled. Autoradiographic examination of kidney, liver, and brain indicated much more extensive incorporation of labeled difluoromethylornithine into kidney protein than into the protein of the other tissues. Such incorporation was greatly reduced by prior treatment of the mice with cycloheximide. These results correlate with the presence of ornithine decarboxylase activity which is much higher in the kidney than in the other tissues and is lost rapidly when protein synthesis is inhibited. The binding of this drug in vivo, therefore, is useful for determining the distribution of ornithine decarboxylase. The enzyme was predominantly located in the proximal tubule cells of the kidney in androgen-treated mice. PMID- 6806903 TI - Prevention of allograft rejection by immunization with donor blood depleted of Ia bearing cells. AB - Strain-specific unresponsiveness was induced in adult mice by immunizing them with donor blood treated with antiserum to Ia (I region-associated antigens) prior to the transplantation of islets of Langerhans. This regimen alone produced greater than 100-day survival of islet allografts transplanted across a major histocompatibility barrier. PMID- 6806904 TI - Measurement of intracellular free calcium in monkey kidney cells with aequorin. AB - A method has been developed for the measurement of intracellular free calcium in mammalian cells. The calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin can be incorporated into isolated cells by hypo-osmotic treatment without altering the cell viability, permeability, or metabolism. Intracellular calcium activity (Cai2+) was monitored in a perfusion system. In monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2), Cai2+ is approximately 57 nanomoles per liter. Changes in Cai2+ with time can also be followed: exposure of the cells to anaerobiosis or the calcium ionophore A23187 reversibly increases Cai2+. The method has also been successfully tested in rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6806907 TI - Financing health care in a static economy. PMID- 6806906 TI - Case of the spring season. PMID- 6806905 TI - Metabolism of 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl by the mercapturic acid pathway. AB - Carbon-14-labeled 2,4',5-trichlorobiphenyl was found to be metabolized by the mercapturic acid pathway to metabolites that are excreted in bile. About 57 percent of the carbon-14 was excreted in the bile; 30 to 35 percent was present as mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. Mercapturic acid was also isolated from the urine (0.3 percent of the dose). PMID- 6806908 TI - [General aspects of tuberculous infection and disease]. PMID- 6806910 TI - Pediatric transfusion: considerations by age and blood component. AB - Transfusion in the pediatric age group requires careful consideration of the patient's weight and age because of potential problems with intravascular volume and difficulty with administration of the blood product. Different age groups have varied disease processes that require specific blood components. A correct diagnosis is essential for their proper choice and use. Common blood components used include red blood cells, platelets, granulocytes, factor VIII preparations, and prothrombin complex concentrates. Bone marrow transplantation and apheresis are new therapeutic modalities available through immunohematology-hemotherapy units. Adverse reactions to blood components include immediate and delayed types. The choice of a blood component should be related to clinical need, with overall concern for benefit-to-risk potential for the pediatric patient. PMID- 6806909 TI - [Parenteral nutrition]. PMID- 6806911 TI - Ovarian remnant syndrome. PMID- 6806912 TI - Nutritional considerations in the critically ill. AB - The total care of the critically ill patient must include attention to his nutritional status from the onset of illness. The essential role of protein in body functions must be stressed; unfortunately, it is this essential compartment that will be called upon for gluconeogenesis in stress or starvation. Simple technics of bedside nutritional assessment have been developed and should be familiar to all those who deal with critically ill patients. The multiple technics of optimal nutritional support should become a standard component of the therapeutic armamentarium of those who provide intensive care. The goal must always be to use the GI tract whenever possible, avoiding the numerous complications associated with intravenous nutrition. Care must be taken to avoid CO2 overload of an embarrassed respiratory system by the nutritional support. Whether nutritional or pulmonary support should take priority can usually be resolved by a team approach toward the patient. It is hoped that this superficial review of nutritional support will stimulate the desire for further knowledge of this rapidly changing and interesting aspect of critical care. PMID- 6806913 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae and penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae among some patients in Jakarta Indonesia. AB - Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from 14 out of 50 (28%) of one group and 35 out of 60 (58%) of a second group of females in different areas of Jakarta, Indonesia. four (7%) of the patients in the second group were infected with penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). This may be the first reported isolation of PPNG in Indonesia. PMID- 6806914 TI - A survey of scrub and murine typhus in the Ancol section of Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - Rickettsia tsutsugamushi was isolated from L. (L.) arenicola chiggers and three species of rats in an area of scrub and sedge along the Bay of Jakarta. This is the only finding in Indonesia of a cycle of the agent of scrub typhus associated with L. (L.) arenicola. A serologic survey of nearly 300 persons living in two kampungs near the site at which rickettsiae were recovered revealed one individual with antibodies to R. tsutsugamushi. Murine typhus, with a seropositivity rate of 6.5%, may be endemic at low levels. PMID- 6806915 TI - [Controlled hypotension using nitroglycerin]. PMID- 6806917 TI - [Intravenous neonatal maintenance solutions]. PMID- 6806916 TI - Enhanced glucose consumption by activated monocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6806919 TI - Home parenteral nutrition in a patient with Crohn's disease. A case report. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) carried out by the patient at home is a new concept in the treatment of intestinal failure. We describe a patient with Crohn's disease who has extensive involvement of the small intestine with resultant severe malabsorption, and who was therefore treated with 'home' TPN for 4 months. During this treatment there were no serious complications. The disabling symptoms present before hyperalimentation was commenced disappeared, and overall clinical improvement has been maintained for a further 6 months after TPN therapy. This case illustrates the feasibility of safe TPN at home in selected patients who have access to specialized hyperalimentation units. PMID- 6806918 TI - Paediatric problems in a rural area of south africa. A study in southern Lebowa. AB - Paediatric problems in children under 5 years of age seen at Jane Furse Memorial Hospital in southern Lebowa during 1980 are discussed. Major problems are gastro enteritis, protein energy malnutrition and respiratory disease. Inadequate local food production and poor standards of basic hygiene are major contributing factors to illness. These are aggravated by administrative problems and lack of medical personnel. More attention needs to be paid to attracting South African doctors to homeland hospitals and to training primary health care nurses to work in these areas. PMID- 6806920 TI - An evaluation of lysine acetylsalicylate as an analgesic in maxillofacial surgery. PMID- 6806921 TI - Economic aspects of smoking in South Africa. AB - Costs and financial gains related to smoking and assessed in terms of health, financial, agricultural and social factors are presented. It is argued that the sum of the costs exceeds that of the financial gains. Methods of reducing the smoking rate by decreasing tobacco production as well as tobacco consumption are suggested. PMID- 6806922 TI - Home parenteral nutrition: the "costs" of patient and family participation. AB - The continued advancements in technology and medicine now make it possible for patients who are nutritional "cripples" to thrive on an outpatient basis through home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Since the social and psychological literature does not yet reflect extensive information on this type of program, this article outlines in detail a successful HPN program and explores the personal factors and needed resources involved in participation in such a program, including the perils of third party reimbursement. Based on experience in evaluating 36 HPN candidates and working with 26 HPN participants, the salient problems and concerns patients and families encounter with HPN therapy are discussed along with suggestions for constructively addressing such issues. PMID- 6806923 TI - A denture identification program for nursing home residents. PMID- 6806924 TI - Current status of vascular access techniques. PMID- 6806925 TI - A tube for enteral nutrition of patients with aphagopraxia and patients with ventilator assistance. AB - A new feeding tube was designed for use in patients who cannot swallow. A comparison of our ability to pass a commercially available, mercury weighted, small feeding tube or the new, nonweighted feeding tube was made. Forty-one consecutive patients who had endotracheal intubation and who had mechanical ventilation assistance or who had suffered injuries to the central nervous system, producing aphagopraxia were compared. In the 22 patients in whom the guided tube system was first tried, enteric support was possible in 20. Gastric placement was possible in only 12 of 19 patients in whom the mercury weighted tubes were first tried and in only one of these patients did the tube pass into the small intestine beyond the ligament of Treitz. Seventeen of 20 nonweighted tubes passed into the small intestine. The newly designed small feeding tube system should be used as the initial means of gaining access to the intestine for enteric nutritional support of patients in intensive care units and after strokes or neurologic injuries when the patient cannot swallow. PMID- 6806926 TI - A new therapeutic method for acute brain infarction: revascularization following the administration of mannitol and perfluorochemicals--a preliminary report. AB - Ten patients were treated with systemic administration of mannitol followed by blood substitute (perfluorochemicals) in the acute period of cerebral infarction in order to suppress the development of infarction and progressive deterioration. This chemotherapy was followed by reconstructive vascular surgery. There were 8 patients with cerebral infarction and 2 others in whom cerebral vascular occlusion occurred during an operation. Due to this treatment, there was no case in which the patient's condition was aggravated or in which death occurred. At examination two months later, 8 of the 10 patients had returned to productive lives. We consequently believe that this therapeutic method may prove to be an effective means of treating cerebral infarction in the acute stage. It is also thought that this method is applicable in surgical cases in which long-term vascular occlusion is required. PMID- 6806929 TI - [Actinic reticulosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806928 TI - Role of luminal H+ in the pathogenesis of experimental esophagitis. AB - The pathogenesis of acidic reflux esophagitis was investigated in an experimental model with special emphasis on the role of lumen-to-mucus diffusion of H+ in the pathogenetic mechanism. Esophageal damage was produced by perfusing an isolated segment of rabbit esophagus in situ with three injurious endogenous secretions of the upper gastrointestinal tract (taurocholate, 10 mM; pepsin, 2500 U/ml; lysolecithin, 2 mg/ml) with and without acid (HCl, 10 to 150 mM). The severity of mucosal damage was assessed using as indicators of mucosal integrity transmucosal potential difference, net flux of Na+, and mucosal permeability to two neutral molecules of different sizes--3H-H2O and 14C-erythritol. The data indicate that although the presence of luminal acid is needed for mucosal damage to develop, there is no relationship between the severity of the damage and the magnitude of the lumen-to-mucosa diffusion of H+. Even markedly increased diffusion of H+ alone, induced by an unphysiological high concentration of luminal acid (300 mM HCl), had only a minor influence on mucosal integrity, whereas all three test agents were able to cause severe mucosal damage in association with much lower rates of H+ diffusion. Furthermore, the severity of the mucosal damage caused by an individual test agent was not dependent on the HCl; concentration used (and hence on the magnitude of lumen-to-mucosa diffusion of H+). The data suggest that esophageal mucosal damage caused by taurocholate, pepsin, or lysolecithin in the presence of luminal acid is due to the direct action of the agent itself rather than to excessive accumulation of luminal H+ into the mucosal tissue. PMID- 6806927 TI - Ocular pathology of Fabry's disease in a hemizygous male following renal transplantation. AB - The ocular pathology of a hemizygous male with Fabry's disease after renal transplantation is reported. The ocular pathology in this patient was essentially identical to that which has previously been reported for both hemizygotes and heterozygotes afflicted with Fabry's disease. Glycolipid deposits and/or osmophilic inclusion bodies were found universally throughout the ocular vasculature. Endothelial, perithelial and smooth muscle cells of the vessel walls were preferentially involved. Iris pigment epithelium was affected as were the corneal epithelium cells. Reduplication of the basement membrane was seen on electron microscopy. Retinal ganglion cells were unaffected. Involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium and the corneal endothelium was documented for the first time. PMID- 6806930 TI - [Xeroderma pigmentosum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6806931 TI - Laser nephelometric quantitation of antithrombin-III (AT-III) development of a new assay. PMID- 6806933 TI - Factor VIII coagulant antigen in clinical factor IX concentrates: characterisation of the molecular forms with the use of radiolabelled factor VIII: C antibodies. PMID- 6806934 TI - Human blood leucocytes in vitro generate an inhibitor of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6806932 TI - The binding of purified factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to collagens of differing type and form. PMID- 6806936 TI - HLA-DR genes and antigens in the Danish population. A study of 500 unrelated Danes. AB - Five hundred unrelated Danes, including 202 healthy individuals, 35 cadaveric kidney donors, and 263 patients in terminal uraemia were typed for the HLA-DR antigens DR1-w8. The HLA-DR gene frequencies of healthy Danes are in good agreement with frequencies estimated during The Eighth International Histocompatibility Workshop of the Scandinavian population, but differ to some extent from other groups of European Caucasians. This indicates geographical variation in the distribution of DR genes within Europe. Very close associations were found between the HLA-DR antigens and their corresponding HLA-D specificities, except for Dw4 and Dw6, which were included in DR4 and DRw6, respectively. Linkage disequilibrium was calculated between alleles of two loci (HLA-A, -DR; -B, -DR and -C, -DR alleles was assessed for multiple loci by using haplotype data from 32 HLA-A, -B, -C, -D, -DR, and Bf typed Danish families. The haplotype data showed that HLA-DR4 is strongly associated with HLA-B15 only in haplotypes together with HLA-Dw4. This indicates genetic heterogeneity of HLA-DR4 which, however, does not appear serologically in this study. PMID- 6806935 TI - [Brain damage and epilepsy in a sailor of a tanker carrying chemicals]. PMID- 6806941 TI - [From tube to nipple]. PMID- 6806939 TI - HLA-B/DR recombinant family. PMID- 6806942 TI - Induction of hepatic mixed function oxidase activity in trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) by aroclor 1254 and some aromatic hydrocarbon PCB replacements. PMID- 6806938 TI - HLA-B, -DR haplotype frequencies and gametic association in 1,204 unrelated Danes. PMID- 6806940 TI - Salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever. III. The ultrastructure of sporogony in Theileria parva. AB - Sporogony of the sporozoan Theileria parva in the salivary gland of the tick vector of East Coast fever was studied in electron micrographs. The findings differ in several respects from previous interpretations based upon light microscopy. Cytokinesis of the primary sporoblast to form secondary and tertiary sporoblasts is not substantiated. Instead it is suggested that the parasite develops as a ramifying, multinucleate syncytium rapidly increasing in size and complexity until it gives rise to myriad sporozoites in a terminal episode of cytoplasmic fission. The proliferating nuclei initially occupy peripheral lobules that are continuous with a central labyrinth of branching and anastomosing processes which present a very large surface area for interchange of metabolites with the host cell cytoplasm. The membrane of the labyrinth is rich in cytostomes, but no evidence if found to bulk uptake of host cytoplasmic matrix or organelles into food vacuoles. Rhoptries are the first of the polar organelles of the parasite to develop and are associated with dense plaques irregularly distributed on the inner aspect of the parasite membrane. Micronemes form independently of the rhoptries at a later stage. After 3-4 days of tick feeding, sporogeny is complete and the infected salivary gland cell contains up to 50, 000 spherical or ovoid sporozoites about 1 micrometer in diameter. These are limited by a simple plasma membrane. The inner layer of the 'pellicle', the polar ring, and the conoid described for zoites of other Apicomplexa are lacking. Maturational changes are noted in sporozoites after sporogony is completed. Micronemes appear to increase in size, and possibly in number, from days 3-5 and the majority take up positions immediately subjacent to the plasmalemma. PMID- 6806937 TI - HLA-DR phenotype and HLA-B,DR haplotype frequencies in 704 unrelated Danes. AB - HLA-ABC and DR antigens were studied in 704 unrelated Danes (84 cadaver kidney donors, 307 healthy individuals, and 313 uremic patients), HLA-DR1, 2, 3, 4, 7, w8, and w10 were investigated in all individuals, whereas DR5, "DRw6", and w9 were only studied in parts of the material. The frequencies of DR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and w10 were similar in the three groups, while those of "DRw6", DR7 and w8 differed significantly. The deviation of the DR7 frequency was small and probably due to change; "DRw6" is considered difficult to define, and DRw8 may have been difficult to define in the early part of the material. DR-phenotype distributions showed perfect fits to Hardy-Weinberg expectations for the three groups separately and for the combined group. When our combined DR antigen frequencies were compared with those from another Danish sample (Madsen et al, 1981), significant differences were found for "DRw6", w8 and w10. However, in general, the same HLA-B,DR phenotype combinations showed significant positive associations in the two samples, and most of the corresponding haplotype frequencies and delta values were quite similar. PMID- 6806943 TI - Changes of gaseous exchange in the lung of mice acutely exposed to nitrogen dioxide. AB - To clarify the acute effects of NO2 on gaseous exchange in the lung of mice, O2 and CO2 concentrations in respiratory gas, respiratory rate (RR), arterial blood pH, PaCO2, PaO2, lung wet weight and lung water content were examined using the head-enclosed method. The results of the present study indicate that in mice exposed to 5 ppm NO2 for 24 h the gaseous exchange in the lung and metabolic rate of O2 and CO2 in the body are accelerated, whereas in mice exposed to 10 ppm and 20 ppm NO2 the gaseous exchange in the lung is inhibited to change the gaseous metabolism. PMID- 6806944 TI - Ring- and N-Hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene by reconstituted mouse liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 enzyme system. AB - The N- and ring-hydroxylation of 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) are examined with a reconstituted cytochrome P-450 enzyme system from liver microsomal fractions from both control and 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-pretreated mice. Partial purification of cytochrome P-450 fraction is achieved by bacterial protease treatment of microsomes followed by Triton X-100 solubilization and ammonium sulfate precipitation. Both cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase fractions are required for optimum oxidative activity. Hydroxylation activity is determined by the source of cytochrome P-450 fraction; cytochrome P-450 fraction from MC pretreated mice is several fold more active than that from controls. PMID- 6806945 TI - Effect of chloroquine administration on the in vitro conjugation of oestradiol-17 beta by rat liver. AB - The conjugation of oestradiol-17 beta was studied in control and chloroquine treated rats. Liver homogenates were incubated with [14C]oestradiol-17 beta and cofactors for 4 h at 37 degrees C and free radioactivity was extracted before and after hot acid hydrolysis. The extent of conjugation was estimated from the ratio of free radioactivity to free plus conjugated radioactivity. The method was authenticated by the negligibly low conjugation obtained for either heat denatured homogenates or water blank. Each experiment was corrected for its own recovery. The effects of both single and multiple intramuscular injections of chloroquine phosphate to rats on the in vitro conjugation of oestradiol-17 beta were studied separately. It was observed that both procedures significantly potentiated conjugation. PMID- 6806946 TI - [Combined therapy of gingivitis and periodontosis in pregnant women with rhesus factor isoimmunization]. PMID- 6806947 TI - [Effect of biological drugs on the bacteria isolated from the canal of teeth]. PMID- 6806949 TI - Determination of homozygote vs heterozygote of Rh blood group antigens via rosette assays. AB - By sensitizing human red blood cells with antisera specific for corresponding blood group antigens and subsequent rosette formation, we were able to distinguish homozygosity of the antigens from heterozygosity. Three types of rosette assays were utilized: a protein A rosette, an immunoglobulin-coated bead rosette, and an erythrocyte-antibody rosette with human lymphocytes. In the Rh blood group system, we were able to demonstrate the dosage effect of the Rho(D) antigen by rosette assay in addition to determining that the deletion of the C and/or E alleles increased the rosette forming cell count when red blood cells with different genotypes were sensitized with Rh immune globulin (anti-D). The assay proved to be reproducible in distinguishing between homozygous and heterozygous Rh red blood cell antigens, and may be adaptable to study many antigenic markers on cell surfaces. PMID- 6806948 TI - An antibody that recognizes a determinant common to S and s-bearing sialoglycoproteins. AB - We describe an antibody, made by an individual of the phenotype M+, N+, S+, s+, U+, that reacted only with ficin or papain-treated red blood cells, and that initially appeared to have anti-S specificity. However, further studies revealed that the antibody, which did not have anti-U specificity, recognized a determinant present on S+, s-, U+, and S-, s+, U+, but missing from S-, s-, U-, and S-, s-, U+, red blood cells. The specificity of this antibody is discussed in terms of current knowledge of the structure of the Ss sialoglycoprotein. PMID- 6806951 TI - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction caused by a primary immune response. AB - Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions usually occur as a result of a secondary immune response with maximal hemolysis occurring seven days posttransfusion. We report a delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction in which hemoglobinuria, anemia, and reticulocytosis developed four weeks after transfusion. The incriminated antibody, anti-C, was first detected eight weeks posttransfusion using enzyme treated red blood cells. We conclude, that in all likelihood, this hemolytic transfusion reaction was due to a primary immune response, this case illustrates the importance of sequential testing in cases of suspected transfusion reactions. PMID- 6806950 TI - Factor VIII concentrate prepared from blood donors stimulated by intranasal administration of a vasopressin analogue. AB - With an interval of eight weeks between collections, blood was drawn twice from 120 blood donors. At one of the donations, 0.25 ml of synthetic vasopressin, (DDAVP, 1300 micrograms/ml), was administered intranasally 60 minutes prior to collection of the blood. No drug was given at the other donation. The yield of factor VIII clotting activity (VIII:C) and factor VIII antigen (VIIIR:Ag) was compared in blood drawn from the treated and untreated donors. To prevent degradation of VIII:C by fibrinolysis, tranexamic acid was added to the plasma from treated donors immediately after separation from the red blood cells. Plasma from treated donors and the derived Cohn fraction I-O contained approximately twice as much VIII:C as plasma and fraction I-O from untreated control donors. The concentration of VIIIR: Ag was also increased in fraction I-O made from plasma from treated donors, however to a lesser degree. The in vivo properties of factor VIII concentrates made from each group of donors were studied. Half-life in plasma and recovery of VIII:C were identical. Thus, intranasal synthetic vasopressin may be used to increase the yield of VIII:C in production of factor VIII concentrates. PMID- 6806953 TI - On rhG (CG) and related matters. PMID- 6806954 TI - Passive allograft enhancement by subclasses of polyclonal antibodies directed toward restricted regions of the major histocompatibility complex. AB - Two parameters of enhancing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antibodies, previously separately studied, namely, Ig class and antigen specificity, have been treated simultaneously. In the experimental model used, Sa 1 tumor cells, indigenous of A/J (H-2a) were grafted on CBA (H-2k) or C57BL/Ks (H-2d) mice. Immune sera specific for the H-2 K/D- or H-2 I coded antigens of the A/J haplotype (anti-Kk, or IAk, IBk, IJk, IEk, or ICd, Sd, Gd, or Dd) and their immunoglobulin fractions (separated on protein A-Sepharose columns) were injected either i.v. or locally as mixture with the challenging Sa 1 cells. Within the limits of the studied system, the following results were obtained: (1) Sa 1 cells do possess Iak antigens at their surface detected by C-dependent cytotoxicity; no ICd, Sd, or Gd products were detected. (2) The bulk of enhancing activity is concentrated in IgG1 anti-K/D antibodies (anti-Dd when Sa 1 was grafted on CBA mice and anti-Kk, on C57BL/Ks). (3) Anti-Iak antibodies have some activity on Sa 1 cells grafted on C57BL/Ks mice. This activity is significant for IgG1 anti-Iak and suggestive for IgG2 of the same specificity. (4) No enhancing activity was detected in the other antibodies: IgG2 anti-Dd, IgG2 anti-Kk, IgG1, or IgG2 anti ICd, Sd, Gd as well as in fractions containing IgM and IgA antibodies directed against any studied portion of the MHC products. This results are discussed in terms of the mechanisms involved in enhancement. PMID- 6806955 TI - Mortality among cattle and buffaloes in Sri Lanka due to haemorrhagic septicaemia. AB - Data on the mortality of cattle and buffaloes in 62 epizootics of haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) in the HS enzootic and non-enzootic regions of Sri Lanka was collected and subjected to statistical analysis. It was found that the overall mortality for buffaloes was higher than for cattle (45.2 and 15.8% respectively, P less than 0.001). For buffaloes in enzootic areas only the overall mortality was 29% whilst in non-enzootic areas it was 64.5% (P less than 0.05). In the enzootic areas deaths were mainly confined to young animals whereas in the non enzootic areas when sporadic outbreaks of HS occurred deaths were scattered over all age groups. The vaccines used, vaccination schedules adopted and the coverage of vaccination in these herds did not appear to influence the mortality among buffaloes in enzootic areas to a statistically significant degree. PMID- 6806952 TI - Fetal death due to extreme maternal Rh immune augmentation. PMID- 6806956 TI - Treatment of stabilate-induced East Coast fever with menoctone. AB - Groups of cattle were infected with Theileria parva by the injection of stabilate material prepared from infected Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. The cattle were treated with the hydroxy alkylated naphthoquinone, menoctone, which was administered intravenously (i/v), intramuscularly (i/m), or orally (p/o) up to 4 days after the disease became apparent. The disease was rapidly controlled and all the treated cattle (15) recovered following (i/v) or i/m injection of a single dose of menoctone at 10 mg/kg body weight but control was incomplete with lower dosages in single or multiple dose regimens. The i/m route was slightly more effective than i/v. The p/o administration of menoctone had only a slight and transient beneficial effect and 10 cattle treated by this route all died of theileriosis. Twelve of 18 untreated controls also died. Following injection of menoctone, schizonts degenerated within the lymphoid cells and piroplasms were destroyed within the erythrocytes. The level and duration of antitheilerial activity in the serum following treatment was assayed by an in vitro culture method and was shown to correlate closely with the efficacy of treatment. PMID- 6806957 TI - [Diffuse pleuropulmonary involvement in Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6806960 TI - Effects of increased inspired oxygen and carbon dioxide on periodic breathing during sleep. PMID- 6806958 TI - [Correlation between total urinary nitrogen and urinary carbamide]. PMID- 6806959 TI - Acetazolamide and CO2 in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. AB - The role of CO2 in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity was investigated by administering acetazolamide (Diamox), Tris buffer [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane], and sodium bicarbonate by i.p. injection, and by exposure of other groups of animals to an atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% O2. All animals were placed in a pressure chamber and maintained at 50 psig in 100% O2 until death. The Tris buffer and the sodium bicarbonate buffer significantly extended time to onset of convulsions and to time of death. Acetazolamide and also 5% CO2 shortened time to onset of convulsions and significantly shortened survival time. These results suggest that increased tissue levels of CO2 play an important role in hyperbaric oxygen toxicity. The cause of death in our animals exposed to hyperbaric oxygen was pulmonary edema secondary to a systemic hypertension. PMID- 6806961 TI - Galactosyltransferase II: role in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. PMID- 6806964 TI - Proceedings of a symposium on renal pathology in nonhuman primates. March 5, 1978, Yerkes Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia. PMID- 6806963 TI - [Cerebral hemodynamic characteristics of patients with typical and reconstructive laryngectomies]. PMID- 6806965 TI - Renal disease in prosimians. AB - At the San Diego Zoo, renal lesions occurred spontaneously in 22 of 113 prosimian primates, 17 of them in the family Lorisidae (14 in galagos), three in Lemuridae, and one each in Indriidae and Tupaiidae. Of the Galago cases, six were in G. senogalensis and eight in G. crassicadatus panganiensis. Lesions included focal and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, and pyelonephritis. PMID- 6806967 TI - Canine hypertrophic osteodystrophy, a study of the spontaneous disease in littermates. AB - All members of a weimaraner litter had clinical and radiographic signs of hypertrophic osteodystrophy shortly after weaning. Three dogs were necropsied. Radiographic metaphyseal densities, which are used to make a clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic osteodystrophy, were found to result from elongation of the calcified cartilage lattice of the primary spongiosa. Intertrabecular acute inflammation was associated with necrosis, failure to deposit osseous tissue on the calcified-cartilage lattice, and trabecular microfractures. This process led to metaphyseal infraction and separation of the epiphysis. Defective bone formation (osteodystrophy) was considered a secondary process resulting from inflammation of osteochondral complexes, marrow, and periosteum. Enamel hypoplasia also was found to be associated with inflammation of the dental crypt, and abnormal enamel matrix was observed in the developing teeth. The histopathology of the bones and teeth was different from alterations which occur in infantile scurvy or congenital syphilis, although these diseases of man have radiographic similarities to canine hypertrophic osteodystrophy. Because the radiologic lesion is nonspecific, a clinical diagnosis of hypertrophic osteodystrophy is not necessarily diagnostic of a specific disease due to a single etiologic agent. Liver levels of ascorbic acid were within the normal range. Although an infectious agent could not be identified, the conditions may have an infectious origin with systemic manifestations. PMID- 6806966 TI - Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and wasting disease in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). AB - Six marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), 20 months to 16 years old, died from a disease characterized by weakness and paralysis of the hind legs, weight lose, anemia and transient diarrhea. The lesions most prominent at necropsy were subacute to chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, subacute to chronic pancreatitis, and generalized hemosiderosis. Chronic protein deficiency is believed to be the underlying pathogenic mechanism, since the diet contained no more than 15% animal protein during the last two years, and increasing the amount of protein was accompanied by disappearance of the syndrome. PMID- 6806968 TI - Counter immunoelectrophoresis in the diagnosis and serological surveillance of swine vesicular disease. AB - A comparison of the counter immunoelectrophoresis (CIEP) test for swine vesicular disease with serum neutralisation and double immunodiffusion is reported here. Two groups of sera were used in the comparison: one group (908 sera) was tested blind by CIEP and the other group (778 sera) comprised field samples from infected and suspect premises submitted routinely for swine vesicular disease confirmation. The CIEP test proved simple to perform and gave results within two hours. It was very economic in the use of reagents and its sensitivity, though less than that of the serum neutralisation test, compared favourably with the sensitivity of the double immunodiffusion test. No false positive results were detected out of the 1686 sera tested. PMID- 6806962 TI - Nucleoside phosphorylase in zinc deficiency. PMID- 6806970 TI - Premature parturition in ewes inoculated with Sarcocystis ovicanis. AB - A dose of 6 X 10(4) Sarcocystis ovicanis sporocysts produced premature parturition in ewes and eventually proved fatal. The main pathological findings were myositis, myocarditis and encephalitis. Dose rates over the range of 2.5 X 10(3) to 6 X 10(4) depressed the haematocrit levels of pregnant ewes during the period 5-9 weeks after inoculation. Previous infection with S. gigantia did not protect from subsequent challenge with S. ovicanis. PMID- 6806969 TI - Kinetics of infection with Theileria parva (East Coast fever) in the central lymph of cattle. AB - During the course of a lethal infection with Theileria parva in susceptible cattle, the dissemination of the parasite was examined in central lymph efferent from superficial lymph nodes in the thoracic duct. From the regional node, lymphocytes containing macroschizonts of T. parva were detected in efferent lymph 8 days after challenge where their appearance coincided with a dramatic increase in the output of lymphoblasts. The number of infected cells reached a maximum around Day 14, when 60-65% of efferent lymphocytes were parasitized. A severe reduction in the total cell output occurred after Day 14, at the time when widespread lymphocytosis was observed in the parent lymph node. A similar pattern of cellular kinetics was observed in the thoracic duct and in lymph efferent from lymph nodes distant from the site of challenge, although in the latter, the parasitosis reached only 10% of total cells. There was no selective depletion of parasitized cells from central lymph during the third week of infection, although the comparative parasitosis between lymph and lymph node cells indicated that infected cells entered central lymph less readily during this period. Macroschizonts appeared in cultures of lymphatic lymphocytes sampled between 5-9 days after challenge. These results, together with the failure of ablation of the regional lymph node 2, 3 or 5 days after challenge to delay the onset of the disease, indicated that dissemination of the infection from the site of challenge occurred within the first 2-3 days after the inoculation T. parva. PMID- 6806971 TI - Immunization of sheep against Theileria hirci infection with schizonts propagated in tissue culture. AB - Two experiments were carried out. In the first, three groups of lambs were inoculated subcutaneously with 3 X 10(6) schizonts of different passages (3, 30 and 63) of Theileria hirci propagated in tissue culture. Severe reactions were observed in lambs inoculated with organisms derived from the 3rd passage. In the second experiment, four groups were inoculated with 5 X 10(5), 3 X 10(6), 1 X 10(7) and 5 X 10(8) schizonts of the 63rd passage. No clinical reactions or parasites were detected in lambs inoculated with 5 X 10(5) schizonts. Mild reactions were observed in lambs inoculated with 3 X 10(6), 1 X 10(7), and 5 X 10(7) schizonts. Lambs inoculated with 3 X 10(6) schizonts were resistant to challenge with a virulent strain. The indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) test was used to determine the antibody titre. PMID- 6806972 TI - Effects of preparturient inoculation of pregnant ewes with Sarcocystis ovicanis upon the susceptibility of their progeny. PMID- 6806974 TI - Contagious equine metritis: antibody response of experimentally infected pony mares. AB - Intrauterine inoculation of pony mares with the bacterium that is the causative agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM) resulted in clinical disease. A humoral immune response could be detected by agglutination and complement fixation (CF), and in some cases precipitating antibody was found by immunodiffusion tests. Agglutinating antibody was the most reliable serological indicator of overt infection and was detected in 8 ot 28 mares after initial intrauterine inoculation of 3-4 x 10(5) bacteria. Seventy percent of mares given a second inoculation and all mares given a third inoculation of 3-4 x 10(5) bacteria produced detectable agglutinating antibody. Only two of five mares given the third inoculation developed detectable complement-fixing antibody. Only one mare showed evidence of reinfection after a second or third intrauterine inoculation. All of the mares given a single intrauterine inoculum of greater than or equal to 8 x 10(8) bacteria produced agglutinating antibody 10 to 30 days postinoculation (DPI) and 86% gave a positive CF test 10 to 20 DPI. Only mares with an agglutination titer of 320 or more produced precipitating antibody. Sera were considered positive in agglutination tests if they were reactive at a dilution of greater than 4 and positive in CF tests if they were reactive at a dilution of 4 or greater. PMID- 6806973 TI - Levamisole potentiation of antigen specific lymphocyte blastogenic response in Brucella abortus exposed but nonresponsive cattle. AB - Incubation of Brucella abortus (field strain) infected and strain 19 vaccinated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes with B. abortus antigen and levamisole caused a consistently significant increase in [3H] thymidine uptake when compared to cultures without levamisole. Levamisole did not potentiate B. abortus-induced blastogenic response of lymphocytes from non-exposed cattle. A dose response study showed that 10 micrograms/culture induced maximum potentiation of B. abortus-induced lymphocyte stimulation. Using the 10 micrograms/well concentration of levamisole, further studies were conducted to determine the net potentiation of the blastogenic responses in lymphocytes from B. abortus (field strain) infected cattle. B. abortus strain 19 vaccinated but nonresponsive and non-exposed cattle. Levamisole significantly potentiated the B. abortus-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in lymphocytes from unresponsive cattle. PMID- 6806979 TI - [Modern parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6806975 TI - [New stage in development and application of enteral nutrition]. PMID- 6806977 TI - [Immunochemical study of the antigens isolated from a gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6806976 TI - [Economic effectiveness of treating children with chronic tonsillitis at health resorts in the Far East]. PMID- 6806978 TI - [Morphological characteristics of rectal adenocarcinoma after radiation therapy using a 25-MeV betatron]. AB - The effect of brehmstrahlung irradiation from a 25 MEV betatron on rectal adenocarcinoma was studied in 34 patients in comparison with control material from 61 patients. It was found that pronounced changes in tumor tissue are caused by such preoperative treatment: tumor is reduced in size, DNA synthesis and mitotic activity are suppressed considerably and pathological mitoses increase. Morphological observations show that rectal adenocarcinoma is markedly susceptible to brehmstrahlung irradiation from a 25 MEV betatron. PMID- 6806981 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the radiation changes in the heart in cancer patients]. PMID- 6806980 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of breast cancer]. AB - Main trends in treatment of breast cancer patients are reviewed. Application of "inadequate" methods, such as radiation therapy or chemo-hormonotherapy alone, dropped from 16.2% in 1970 to 12.5% in 1977. This tendency is matched by an increasing application of combination therapy including remote gamma-therapy and megavolt radiation therapy (17.7% in 1970 v. 29.0% in 1977). Combination therapy including irradiation, surgery and chemo-and/or hormonotherapy is on upgrade; it was given to 31.2% of breast cancer patients in 1977. PMID- 6806982 TI - [Nature of the stimulating action of parenterally administered casein hydrolysate on gastric secretory function]. AB - Experiments on 4 gastric fistula dogs kept on full-value diet were made in an effort to specify the character of the stimulatory action of parenteral caseine hydrolysate (TSOLIPK) on the gastric fundal glands. In the course of administering the solutions similar to individual components of casein hydrolysate into the blood it was established that the secretory effect of the protein hydrolysate is not a consequence of the presence of ammonia contained by the hydrolysate or depends on the humic substances. It is assumed that the stimulatory action of parenteral casein hydrolysate on the gastric fundal glands is determined by the main protein break down products, i.e. by amino acids and peptides that are capable of acting on the nerve structures and of stimulating gastric secretion via excitation of the centres responsible for gastric function control. PMID- 6806984 TI - Control of large-scale plasma thawing for recovery of cryoprecipitate factor VIII. AB - Cryoprecipitation is commonly used as the primary step in the preparation of clinical factor VIII concentrates; yet recovery is usually very low. Much of this loss is due to poor temperature control and a process of continuous plasma thawing has been designed to overcome this. A substantial improvement has resulted, with an increase in both yield and purity of factor VIII:C of over 50% in comparison to a conventional batch thaw process. PMID- 6806983 TI - [Lipid fatty acid composition of the blood and organs in experimental and enteral feeding]. AB - The rats which received intravenous nutrition (polyamine, glucose, intralipid) for 9 days showed a decrease in the proportion of palmitic and oleic acid, an increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in blood serum lipids, as well as a lowering of the proportion of arachidonic acid in liver lipids. The fatty acid content of platelet and splenic lipids remained unchanged. In dogs which were given fat emulsion enterally, intraportally or into the common blood circle in addition to the diet for 3 weeks, the changes in the fatty content of blood serum lipids were most marked upon enteral route of administration. PMID- 6806986 TI - [Problems of diagnosis of human intestinal sarcosporidiosis]. PMID- 6806985 TI - Von Willebrand's disease: a clinical and molecular enigma. Twelfth Annual Paul M. Aggeler Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6806987 TI - [Serological diagnosis of amebiasis and diagnosis of exotic protozoan infection]. PMID- 6806988 TI - WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardization. Thirty-second report. PMID- 6806989 TI - Treponemal infections. PMID- 6806990 TI - Chemotherapy of leprosy for control programmes. PMID- 6806992 TI - The evolution of intravenous hyperalimentation. PMID- 6806991 TI - Pericardial tamponade caused by central venous catheters. PMID- 6806994 TI - Septic complications and bile cultures in 800 consecutive cholecystectomies. PMID- 6806993 TI - Experiences with intestinal antisepsis. PMID- 6806995 TI - Nitroprusside- and nitroglycerin-induced hypotension: effects on hemodynamics and on the microcirculation. PMID- 6806996 TI - Metabolism of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl: formation of mono- and bis-methyl sulphone metabolites with a selective affinity for the lung and kidney tissues in mice. AB - 1. Distribution in mice of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachloro[14C]biphenyl has been studied by autoradiography. Radioactivity was specifically localized in the bronchial epithelium, the lung parenchyma, the kidney cortex and the adipose tissue. 2. Bis(methylsulphonyl)-2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, a hitherto unknown metabolite of 2,2',5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl, has been identified in lung, kidney and liver of mice. 3- and 4-Methylsulphonyl-2,2'5,5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl were also present. 3. The ratio of the contents of 3- and 4-methylsulphonyl-2,2',5,5' tetrachlorobiphenyl in the liver was 1.12 after 12 days. A lower ratio in lung and kidney indicates a high affinity of these tissues for the 4-methyl isomer. PMID- 6806997 TI - Formaldehyde metabolism by the rat: a re-appraisal. AB - 1. The metabolism of [14C]formaldehyde has been investigated in the male Sprague Dawley rat. It is extensively oxidized to CO2 and formate, which is excreted in the urine. 2. Two radioactive compounds isolated from the urine of rats dosed with [14C]formaldehyde have been identified as N-hydroxymethylurea and N,N'-bis (hydroxymethyl)urea, and shown to be urinary artefacts. 3. Previous studies of the metabolism of formaldehyde by rats have been re-appraised. Differences in the rate of oxidation of formaldehyde in various strains of rats result in the excretion of different urinary metabolites and, in some cases, formaldehyde. Excretion of formaldehyde leads to the formation of several artefacts depending on the components present in the urine. PMID- 6806998 TI - Microbial methane oxidation in the River Saar. AB - In the River Saar, the distribution of methane-oxidizing bacteria and their metabolic activity were determined in vertical and longitudinal profiles. At the sediment surface about two orders of magnitude more methane oxidizers were detected than in the overlying water. In the river as well as in laboratory experiments, the rate of methane oxidation was closely related to the concentration of methane. Most of the methane produced by methanogenic bacteria in the the sediment escaped into the atmosphere. On the average only 1.2% of the produced methane was oxidized in the water phase. PMID- 6806999 TI - A screening method for autoregulators of anthracycline-producing streptomycetes. AB - A novel method was proposed for screening of autoregulators by anthracycline producing strains of Streptomyces griseus. By means of a modified cosynthesis procedure, an indicator strain was detected capable of producing both leukaemomycin and aerial mycelium only in the presence of specific inducing factors (autoregulators) which were produced not only by anthracycline-yielding organisms and their mutants, but also by a streptomycin-producing strain of Streptomyces griseus as well as by its non-differentiating derivative. PMID- 6807001 TI - [The age-dependent appearance of phenoloxidase-containing cells in the embryonal development of the chicken]. PMID- 6807000 TI - Biochemical characteristics of non-streptomycin-producing mutants of Streptomyces griseus. II. Lipids and fatty acid composition of vegetative mycelia. AB - Five non-streptomycin-producing non-aerial-mycelium-forming mutants (Str-Amy-) of Streptomyces griseus obtained either by spontaneous degeneration or during continuous cultivation of the high-producing aerial-mycelium-forming parent strain HP (Str+Amy+) were checked with regard to the composition of mycelial lipid material. All the Str-Amy- derivatives differed from their ancestor strain HP by an increased ration of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (aC15:0) to isopalmitic acid (iC16:0) during growth on a chemically defined medium lacking branched-chain amino acids. This finding attests alterations in the availability of precursors for the biosynthesis of methyl-branched fatty acids. The qualitative composition of phospholipids and other polar lipids in one mutant group was found to be similar to the progenitor strain but, additionally, both a yellow pigment and a neutral lipid component were produced in excess. A second type of mutant differed by its incapability to form ornithinolipids even under phosphate limitation. Changes of phospholipid composition were demonstrated in the course of fermentation. Formation of ornithinolipid was suppressed by an excess of inorganic phosphate in the medium, while the portions of phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin increased strongly. Furthermore, the formation of ornithinolipids was influenced by nitrogen sources. these results suggest that the composition of membrane of S. griseus varies in dependence upon the composition of the medium and the age of the mycelium. PMID- 6807003 TI - [Lysotyping of Listeria monocytogenes]. PMID- 6807004 TI - [Clinical and epidemiological studies of women who are the sources of gonorrhea]. PMID- 6807005 TI - [Effect of mammillary body destruction on different forms of conditioned reflex activity in cats]. PMID- 6807002 TI - [Senile changes in the osseous tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807006 TI - [Striato-nigral level of neurochemical organization of conditioned avoidance reflexes of different complexities]. PMID- 6807008 TI - [100th anniversary of Robert Koch's discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (author's transl)]. AB - A brief account of Robert Koch's biography is followed by reference to the past 100 years and the change that has occurred in that period to the prospects of tuberculosis, including genital tuberculosis.--Comprehensive tuberculosis control programmes in many industrialised countries, including the GDR, have contributed to significant reduction of tuberculosis incidence. It has been wiped out as a mass epidemic. Today, genital tuberculosis does no longer grow manifest by the classical pattern of massive tumour growths which reach up to the mesogastrium. It is rather manifested in discrete latent forms, often detected along with sterility diagnosis or as an accidental finding. Nevertheless, the general risk of tuberculosis must not be belittled, since it still is a global health problem. PMID- 6807011 TI - [Studies of caffeine and theobromine in sheep. II. Caffeine]. PMID- 6807010 TI - [Studies of caffeine and theobromine in sheep. I. Remission spectrophotometric determination of methylxanthines in biological material]. PMID- 6807012 TI - [Studies of caffeine and theobromine in sheep. III. Feeding of cacao bean shells]. PMID- 6807009 TI - [Critical analysis of the possibility of measuring intramyocardial pressure]. PMID- 6807007 TI - [Therapeutic results obtained from women with functional sterility. First communication: combined oestrogen-gestagen therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Combined oestrogen-gestagen preparations were applied to 169 women who had been sterile for an average period of 2.5 years, between 1975 and 1979. Their uncorrected pregnancy rate was 19 per cent. Pregnancy rates were 25 per cent for women who desired to have children up to two years or six per cent for those who tried longer. Oestrogen-gestagen therapy was successful in 20 per cent of women up to 30, but only in nine per cent of those beyond that age limit. Best therapeutic results were 45 per cent in cases of secondary amenorrhoea and 35 per cent in cases of genuine corpus luteum insufficiency. Anovulation, disorders of menstrual regularity, and Stein-Leventhal syndrome proved to be unfavourable conditions for this kind of therapy. The course of pregnancy was not accompanied by peculiarities of extraordinary dimensions. Combined oestrogen-gestagen treatment was found to be an appropriate initial therapy, within WHO Group II, for secondary (post-pill) amenorrhoea and corpus luteum insufficiency. While the presence of additional sterility factors does not necessarily mean contra indication, prospects of success are reduced. PMID- 6807013 TI - Experimental studies on double contrast periotoneography in sheep and calves. PMID- 6807019 TI - [Determination of urea content in milk using test strips (REFLOTEST- Urea) and reflection photometer (REFLOMAT)]. PMID- 6807018 TI - Effect of lactation stage and number on milk albumin (BSA) and somatic cell count. PMID- 6807017 TI - An attempt to establish metabolic indices useful in evaluating the training of thoroughbred racehorses. PMID- 6807015 TI - [Estrus induction with megestrol acetate (MAP) in puerperal sows]. PMID- 6807014 TI - Glucose tolerance test in goats. PMID- 6807021 TI - Study of lysozyme and lysozyme inhibitor activities in saliva, rumen liquor and intestinal fluid of sheep and cattle. PMID- 6807020 TI - Effects of sublethal levels of dietary aflatoxins in broiler chickens. PMID- 6807022 TI - Physiological effects of chloral hydrate-thiopentone anaesthesia and intermittent positive pressure ventilation during bovine diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy. PMID- 6807016 TI - [Calcinosis in the horse concurrent with lymphatic leukosis of the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes]. PMID- 6807025 TI - The bone marrow of the horse. II. Warm-blooded horses with anaemia. PMID- 6807024 TI - The bone marrow of the horse. I. The techniques of sampling and examination and values of normal warm-blooded horses. PMID- 6807026 TI - [D(+)-xylose absorption test in the horse: repeatability, effect of dosage and normal values]. PMID- 6807027 TI - [Blood and serum values of Goettingen miniature swine. 1. Effect of blood sampling method on the concentration of lipids, proteins and protein metabolites]. PMID- 6807023 TI - The rate of clearance of four liver-derived enzymes from the plasma of young cattle. PMID- 6807029 TI - [Effect of an intensively mineral-fertilized feed on rabbit fertility]. PMID- 6807028 TI - [Blood and serum values of Goettingen miniature swine. 2. Effect of endogenous and exogenous factors on the concentration of lipids, proteins and protein metabolites]. PMID- 6807030 TI - Histochemical investigation on the distribution of adrenergic nerve terminals in the porcine oviduct. PMID- 6807031 TI - [Serum protein development in calves during the first weeks of life under Moroccan conditions]. PMID- 6807034 TI - [Protein complexes of enterococci: antigenic spectrum and taxonomy]. PMID- 6807033 TI - The influence of avoparcin on the establishment of salmonella in chickens. PMID- 6807032 TI - [Effect of temperature and degree of vacuum on the conservation of freeze-dried Brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine]. PMID- 6807037 TI - [Role of intraspinal hypertension in the pathogenesis of discogenic lumbar radiculitis and its treatment by dehydration therapy using mannitol]. AB - Dehydration with mannitol was carried out in 58 patients suffering from grave discogenic lumbar radiculitis. A favourable effect was obtained in 43% of the cases. At the onset of the clinical manifestations of the osteochondrosis good and excellent results were obtained in 60% of the cases. As the test stimulation electromyography was used. The role of edema of the disc and spinal radicle tissues in the clinical manifestations of the discogenic lumbar radiculitis is discussed. PMID- 6807035 TI - [Immunochemical characteristics of Legionella pneumophila antigens and their toxicity for laboratory animals]. PMID- 6807036 TI - [Model of a generalized Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection with the primary focus]. PMID- 6807039 TI - Towards an alternative evolution model. AB - Lamarck and Darwin agreed on the inconstancy of species and on the exclusive gradualism of evolution (nature does not jump). Darwinism, revived as neo Darwinism, was almost generally accepted from about 1930 till 1960. In the sixties the evolutionary importance of selection has been called in question by the neutralists. The traditional conception of the gene is disarranged by recent molecular-biological findings. Owing to the increasing confusion about the concept of genotype, this concept is reconsidered. The idea of the genotype as a cluster of genes is replaced by a cybernetical interpretation of the genotype. As nature does jump, exclusive gradualism is dismissed. Saltatory evolution is a natural phenomenon, provided by a sudden collapse of the thresholds which resist against evolution. The fossil record and the taxonomic system call for a macromutational interpretation. As Lamarck and Darwin overlooked the resistance of evolutionary thresholds, an alternative evolution model is needed, the first to be constructed on a palaeontological and taxonomic basis. PMID- 6807038 TI - [Humoral factors of natural immunity in patients with neurologic manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis]. AB - Natural immunity parameters (the complement, beta-lysine, lysozyme) were examined in 179 patients with the non-radicular and radicular stages of lumbar osteochondrosis with regard to the disease stage, the patients' age and sex, the efficacy of treatment, and the latter's late results. It was found that the degree of the shifts of the parameters examined depended primarily on the disease stage and the efficacy of the treatment, and to lesser extent on the patients' age and sex. The parameters examined may serve to a certain measure as a objective criterion of the body's general physiological state, and can be used for predicting the disease outcome. PMID- 6807040 TI - The endocytobiotic cell theory and the periodic system of cells. AB - According to scientific procedure, each discipline first describes the phenomena of its research area, then analyzes them, and finally categorized them in a system. To date, biology has lacked such a system for its smallest building blocks, the cells. Although the theory of evolution explains certain central evolutionary mechanisms of the cell, there existed no generally accepted theory of the organization of the cell. The endocytobiotic cell theory is suggested as a possible basis for a satisfying explanation of the structure, function, information, and evolution of the cell. Furthermore, a hypothetical periodic system of the cell is developed. This system consists of eight groups, including the ecological niches fermentation, respiration, photergy, and photosynthesis (each aerobic and anaerobic) and seven periods with increasing numbers of protein biosynthesis machineries (cytoplasma, mitochondria, plastids, endocytobionts). We find furthermore, a division according to typical animal of plant cells and between these two in fungus-like cells. PMID- 6807041 TI - Effect of intermittent pneumatic and graduated static compression on factor VIII and the fibrinolytic system. AB - Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) or graduated static compression stockings, both effective mechanical methods in the prophylaxis of postoperative deep venous thrombosis, have been investigated in 50 patients regarding the effect of compression on the fibrinolytic system and factor VIII activators. All the patients were subjected to one of the two methods before operation upon varicose veins. In 38 patients IPC with a pressure of 40 mmHg was applied on one leg or arm for at least two hours. In 23 of these patients the compression pattern was slow, two minutes' inflation and two minutes' deflation period. In the remaining 15 patients the compression pattern was quick, three seconds' inflation, followed by 20 seconds' deflation, three cycles a minute. Twelve patients were treated with a compression stocking on one leg for about 24 hours before the operation. Blood samples for determination of fibrinolytic activity and factor VIII in plasma were obtained before and immediately after the end of compression and application of a stocking, respectively. Also the level of plasminogen activator activity (PA) in the vein wall was determined. Neither IPC nor the application of an elastic stocking had any demonstrable effect on the variables studied. In addition, the results did not vary with the rate (slow or quick) or with the duration of IPC, sex or site of application (arm or leg) of IPC. Blood samples from the compressed leg were also uninfluenced. PMID- 6807043 TI - Neurofibromatosis in children: previously announced contribution to discussion. PMID- 6807042 TI - Neurofibromatosis. A clinical and genetic study of 96 cases in Gothenburg, Sweden. AB - Ninety-six persons, living in Gothenburg, Sweden, on the first of January 1978 and known by the health services as cases of neurofibromatosis, were investigated concerning clinical and genetic aspects of the disease. Close relatives were also interviewed and examined. The diagnostic criteria were operationally defined according to number of cafe-au-lait spots and/or neurofibromas. The prevalence of neurofibromatosis was estimated to be 0.02%. The following findings were made in the patients: axillary freckling (48%), neurological symptoms (30%), epilepsy (3 9%), sarcoma (4%), pheochromocytoma (3%), osseous dysplasias (12%), subnormal intelligence (45%) and psychiatric symptoms (33%). The genetic analysis revealed a dominantly inherited disease with full penetrance and a very high mutation frequency, at least 4.3 X 10(-5). Questions commonly encountered during counselling are discussed. PMID- 6807045 TI - Coma as a complication of total parenteral nutrition. Clinical case. AB - We report a case of coma occurring during the onset of anabolism and which was concomitant of the perfusion of an aminoacids solution. The neurological problem vanished when we stopped aminoacids perfusion. It is stressed that the perfusion of a non-physiological aminoacids spectrum distribution might lead to metabolic abnormalities resembling hepatic comas. PMID- 6807044 TI - Anesthesia and the neurosurgical patient: Part I-monitoring needs. PMID- 6807046 TI - Chronic cerebellar stimulation in the modulation of behavior. AB - From March 1976 until March 1979, 28 patients with disabling emotional symptoms were studied in the Psychiatry and Neurosurgery Departments at Tulane University, and pre-selected for cerebellar electrode implantation and subsequent cerebellar stimulation. This series include 12 patients with different types of schizophrenia; 7 epileptic patients with Grand Mal and/or psychomotor attacks, and concomitant psychiatric symptoms; 5 patients with intractable depression; and 4 patients with miscellaneous psychiatric symptoms. Follow-up results are graded as excellent, good, fair and poor. The authors conclude that significant improvement were observed in many patients, and the results, although preliminary and incomplete, are encouraging. PMID- 6807047 TI - [Somatosensory epileptic crises]. AB - A retrospective study of 20 patients with somatosensory seizures is undertaken. The cases were obtained from the series of 1000 patient histories from the Division Epilepsy of the Neurological Institute of Montevideo. Several clinical variables are analyzed and especially the etiological factors are studied. A high incidence of surgical treatable causes was found (50%), especially tumor (35%). Similar results are reported by other authors. A comparative study concerning the tumor etiology in somatosensory and in other types of partial seizures is performed. It was found that tumors have the highest incidence of somatosensory seizures. The authors conclude that radiological studies must be undertaken in all cases of somatosensory seizures in seizures in which the underlying etiology is unclear, in order to rule out a surgical process. Computerized Tomography is at present the most important study, excepting those cases in which an arterio venous malformation is suspected, which should be studied primarily by angiography. PMID- 6807048 TI - An electron-microscopic study of the brain of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) particle radiation. AB - Fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) were exposed to high-LET krypton (84Kr) ions at low (4.2 rad) and high (1,584 rad) doses and killed to assess acute (36 h post-exposure) and late (35 days post-exposure) effects in the brain by means of electron microscopy. The main findings were: (a) glycogen granules appeared in the neuroglial compartment 36 h after exposure to either dose and were no longer present in flies killed 35 days later, (b) neuronal alterations (swelling and membrane disruption) were observed 35 days after exposure to both doses, (c) changes in the neuroglia (electron-dense masses of concentrically arranged membranous structures) were seen 35 days after exposure. The data are discussed in relation to previous research in the fruit fly using argon (40Ar) charged particles and to other radiation studies performed in the mammalian brain with the view of using the insect brain as a model for detailed study of radiation effects on neurons, neuroglia, and the neuron-neuroglia unit. PMID- 6807050 TI - Glycosaminoglycan and hydroxyproline excretion in diabetic children. PMID- 6807049 TI - The effect of maternal hypercapnia and hyperoxia on breathing movements in the normal and growth-retarded fetus. AB - Fifteen normal pregnant subjects inhaled a 7% CO2 mixture over a period of 5 min, resulting in a markedly increased rate of fetal breathing. In a further 15 normal pregnant subjects, an 80% O2 mixture was administered over a period of 10 min; during the second half of this stimulation period a significant increase in fetal breathing rate was noted. Finally, a 7% CO2 mixture was administered during a 5 min period to a total of 26 pregnant patients with fetal growth retardation. Seventeen of these 26 patients were subsequently administered an 80% O2 mixture during a 10-min period, immediately followed by a mixture of 80% O2 and 7% CO2 over a 5-min period. During both maternal hypercapnia and hyperoxia a marked increase in fetal breathing rate was noted, which was not essentially different from that seen in normal pregnancy. Administration of a mixture of O2 and CO2 did not result in any significant change in fetal breathing activity. At birth, all growth-retarded infants had an Apgar score of 6 or more at one minute. It can be concluded that respiration in both the normal and the clinically non-hypoxic growth-retarded fetus shows a similar reaction pattern towards alterations in maternal gaseous exchange. PMID- 6807051 TI - Energy metabolism, substrate utilization, metabolite and hormone levels in infants fed various parenteral solutions. AB - Previous observations on the effects of various types of parenteral nutrition on changes in oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, total heat production, distribution of nutrient utilization, metabolic and hormonal levels in infants during the neonatal and postneonatal periods are reviewed. The relevant findings obtained in fifty-two newborn infants infused with different types of metabolic solutions were as follows. Oxygen consumption increased during Aminosol-glucose and Intralipid-glucose infusion. The respiratory quotient varied according to the oxidation of the nutrients. A significant elevation was observed during Aminosol glucose infusion, which tended to fall in response to Intralipid. Total heat production was increased during all types of parenteral nutrition, and substrate utilization depended on the quality and amount of nutrient intake. The magnitude of the changes in concentrations of metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids, alpha amino-nitrogen) and insulin and growth hormone were smallest when the parenteral nutrition consisted of glucose, amino acids and lipid and the total caloric intake did not exceed the maintenance energy expenditure. On the basis of the results, during the neonatal period it seems advisable to administer as parenteral nutrition, about 70--75 kcal/kg/day in the form of 7.0--8.0 g/kg/day glucose, 1.7--2.0 g/kg/day amino acids and 3.0--4.0 g/kg/day lipid. PMID- 6807052 TI - Alpha 1-antitrypsin and antithrombin III in atrophic nephrons of chronic pyelonephritis. AB - In a series of investigation to elucidate the roles of chemical substances in the atrophic process of nephron in chronic pyelonephritis (CPN), two protease inhibitors (PI) and enterobacterial antigen were examined by immunofluorescence (IF). Alpha-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) was always found in the sclerotic glomerular tuft (GT) and along the thickened Bowman's capsule (BC) as well as the thickened tubular basement membrane (TBM) in every atrophic nephron of CPN. Antithrombin III (AT III) was always found along the inside of thickened TBM in every atrophic nephron, but not found in the sclerotic GT nor along the thickened BC. No enterobacterial antigen was present in the sclerotic GT, thickened BC, and thickened TBM. Therefore, alpha 1AT and AT III seem to play significant roles in the process of atrophy of nephrons as a different factor from the persistence of enterobacterial antigen which has been considered to be one of the progressive factors of CPN. At III was easily dissociated from the thickened TBM after the incubation in warm (37 degrees C) 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline of various pH (pH 4.0, pH 7.2 or pH 10.0) and cold (4 degrees C) or warm (37 degrees C) 0.75 M hydrazine solutions of the same pH, while alpha 1AT was not dissociated from the atrophic nephrons after the incubation in all solutions. These results may imply different processes of deposition between the two PI in the atrophic nephrons. PMID- 6807053 TI - Experimental induction of glomerulonephritis mediated by anti-glomerular basement membrane and anti-brush border antibodies in a single rat. AB - This report describes induction of nephritis, which was concurrently mediated by [anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody (anti-GBM) and anti-brush border antibody, in the Wistar rat immunized with a solubilized renal antigen (S-RA). The antigen was prepared by digestion of rat cortical tissue with trypsin and pronase. Ouchterlony test using antisera to the rat GBM and brush border showed that the S-RA contained both antigens. From the S-RA the brush border antigen was isolated by affinity chromatography. At the 8th week rats injected with the S-RA showed a linear or combined linear and granular distribution of rat IgG and C3 along the GBM in immunofluorescence. The capillary granular pattern was only observed at the 16th week. In contrast rats injected with the brush border antigen remained in a capillary granular pattern throughout the experimental course. It was suggested that the rat nephritis injected with the S-RA was mediated by the antibodies capable of reacting with at least two different antigens, namely the GBM and the brush border. The possibility was confirmed by demonstrating the coexistence of these two kinds of antibodies in the serum and kidney eluate from the nephritic rats. PMID- 6807054 TI - [A prelimilary study on the mechanism of uterine excitant action of rivanol in guinea-pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807055 TI - Excretion of methyl mercury in rat bile: the effect of thioctic acid, thionalide, hexadecyl- and octadecylmercaptoacetate. AB - Thioctic acid markedly increases the sulfhydryl and sulphide content of bile. This probably reflects the reduction of thioctic acid in the liver, followed by biliary excretion of a reduced derivative. The total biliary excretion of methyl mercury was not increased. Thionalide markedly inhibits biliary excretion of methyl mercury. Simultaneously, the sulfhydryl and sulphide content of bile decreases. This is probably caused by the conjugation of thionalide to glutathione in the liver, thereby blocking the biliary excretion of methyl mercury. Hexadecylmercaptoacetate increases the biliary content of methyl mercury moderately after a temporary decrease, whereas biliary sulfhydryl and sulphide concentrations were unchanged. Octadecylmercaptoacetate does not change the biliary content of methyl mercury, sulfhydryl and sulphides significantly. Smaller parts of hexadecylmercaptoacetate, octadecylmercaptoacetate and thionalide seemed to be excreted as such in bile. These results indicate that methyl mercury cannot be transported from liver to bile as complexed to the sulphides thioctic acid, thionalide, hexa- and octadecylmercaptoacetate. PMID- 6807057 TI - Cartilage differentiation in micro-mass cultures of chicken limb buds. AB - In micro-mass cultures of stage 23-24 chicken embryos the expression of cartilage phenotype was density dependent and it always took place practically to the same extent at the density of 2 X 10(5) cells per culture. The cells formed aggregates on day 1 and cartilage nodules appeared on day 2. By day 3, 17% of the culture surface consisted of areas showing cartilage differentiation and these regions represented more than 50% on day 6. By day 14, the centre of th cultures contained a mass of cartilage. The progression of cartilage differentiation was indicated by the increasing amount of toluidine blue fixed by the cultures. By day 14 the DNA and protein contents increased 8.7 fold and 16.7 fold, respectively. Uronic acid and OH-proline were detected from the 2nd day. From day 3 to 14, the microgram uronic acid and microgram OH-proline per microgram DNA gradually increased 25 fold and 14 fold, respectively. A decreased density of the inoculum reduced the probability of cartilage formation and it failed to occur at the density of 1.25 X 10(4) cells per culture. Stage 19-20 limb cultures with identical density had the same morphological characteristics. Aggregates appeared but nodules failed to do so in cell cultures of stage 28 limb bud soft tissue region. It is supposed that an oxygen gradient may be present in the cell aggregates. PMID- 6807056 TI - Overlapping effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyrotropin (TSH) on the ultrastructure of immature chicken testes. AB - In newly hatched chicken testes the gonadotropin receptors due to their immaturity are not specific but still structurally versatile and so they can bind both FSH and TSH which have a chemically related structure. The functional overlapping effect of FSH and TSH on the ultrastructure of Sertoli and Leydig cells of immature chicken testes was investigated. The activity of Sertoli cells was increased by FSH treatment and this increase correlated well with the amount of SER and RER in cells and with their increased surface activity. The vacuolization and degeneration observed at the apical part of the cells may refer to the formation of testicular tubules. After TSH treatment cell activity increased and in addition a considerable increase in RER and lipid droplets was observed. Fenestrated cisternae were often found in the Sertoli cells of the treated animals. In the Leydig cells, both hormones increased lysosomal activity and the number of lipid droplets. After FSH treatment the amount of SER increased while after TSH treatment the Golgi activity. PMID- 6807060 TI - Clinical profile of the novel antidepressant bupropion. PMID- 6807061 TI - Bacterial degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and their metabolites. PMID- 6807059 TI - Teaching home monitoring of blood pressure to adolescents. AB - A videotape and lecture method for teaching the self-measurement of blood pressure were compared in twenty, 13- 18-year-old adolescents. The time of instruction and evaluation were monitored in order to assess acquisition of skills and cost-effectiveness. Both methods of instruction were equal in respect to acquisition of skills. The videotape method of instruction was more cost effective than the lecture method in populations of more than 23.9 patients per year, as long as videotape equipment was already available. If the equipment needed to be purchased, the videotape method became more cost-effective with populations of greater than 93.6 patients per year. It was concluded that health care teams should consider the videotape method as a cost-effective means of instruction when videotape equipment is available. In addition, a health care team which evaluates and follows a substantial number of patients per year for hypertension could realize considerable savings in the use of the newer media. PMID- 6807058 TI - [Uncontrollable bladder hemorrhage: "glutaraldehydization"--a new therapeutic alternative?]. PMID- 6807062 TI - Metabolic activation of adriamycin by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, rat liver and heart microsomes and covalent protein binding of metabolites. PMID- 6807063 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase catalyzed activation of paracetamol. PMID- 6807064 TI - Routes to the formation of N-methyl-4-aminophenol, a metabolite of N,N dimethylaniline. PMID- 6807065 TI - Two biological reactive intermediates in aminoazo-dye carcinogenesis and their glutathione adducts. PMID- 6807066 TI - Nude mouse in studies on chemical carcinogenesis. AB - Enzyme of the monooxygenase complex were found in the skin of a nude mouse strain, and the activities increased after an intraperitoneal administration of 3 methylcholantrene. No comparable change was observed in UDPglucuronosyltransferase, an enzyme of the conjugation system. Fibroblast cultures prepared from nude mouse skin proved sensitive for transformation by carcinogenic chemicals. Nude mouse accepts transplants e.g. transformed cells more easily than conventional laboratory animals. The nude mouse model may therefore offer a useful alternative to other transformation assays using mammalian cells as targets. PMID- 6807067 TI - Stimulation or activation of eosinophils in vivo during eosinophilia: possible role of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6807068 TI - Mechanism of hexose transport in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6807069 TI - Effects of different anticoagulants on determination of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6807070 TI - Evaluation of a human TSH radioimmunoassay as a diagnostic test for canine primary hypothyroidism. PMID- 6807071 TI - Extrapolation of acid-base parameters in physiology. Carbon dioxide changes in stored blood. PMID- 6807072 TI - Pneumatosis intestinalis associated with intracatheter jejunostomy feeding. PMID- 6807075 TI - Long-term results of endocardial resection for sustained ventricular tachycardia in coronary disease patients. AB - Sixty patients with recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) refractory to medical therapy underwent subendocardial resection. There were 52 men and 8 women, ranging in age from 39 to 74 years, all of whom had coronary disease. Each patient had had a prior infarction 1 week to 11 years prior to surgery and 52 had left ventricular aneurysms. The mean ejection fraction was 27%. All 60 patients underwent endocardial resection with or without aneurysmectomy guided by intraoperative and/or catheter endocardial mapping. Thirty-seven endocardial resections were from the interventricular septum, 14 from the interoposterior free wall, and 16 were from the anteroapical and anterolateral free wall. There were five (8%) surgical deaths. The 55 survivors underwent programmed stimulation in the control state 28 days following the operation. VT was not inducible in 42 patients (group A) and was inducible in 13 patients (group B). The group B patients underwent drug testing and were discharged on the antiarrhythmic agent that made the VT noninducible or more difficult to induce. There have been only four recurrences in sustained VT with a follow-up of 19 +/- 11 months. There have also been nine late nonarrhythmic deaths. The actuarial survival curve predicted 62% survival at 40 months. We conclude that activation guided endocardial resection provides long-term effective therapy for drug-resistant ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6807073 TI - Carbon dioxide digital subtraction arteriography. AB - Arterially injected carbon dioxide coupled with digital subtraction fluoroscopy consistently produced clinically useful images of arteries in 17 patients. Occasionally good parenchymal images and venograms were also obtained. The buoyancy of the gas requires that the area of interest be in a nondependent position to insure good arterial perfusion. The exceedingly low viscosity of gas should permit delivery of the CO2 via microcatheters which would lessen the risk of arterial injury. CO2 does not produce hypersensitivity reactions and, even in large volumes, should not produce the discomfort associated with iodinated contrast material. PMID- 6807074 TI - Diabetic ketoacidosis in childhood. PMID- 6807076 TI - Postmyocardial infarction angina and coronary spasm. AB - Coronary spasm can cause chest pain, and may even culminate in a myocardial infarction, but it is not often considered a cause of chest pain in the early postinfarction period. Three patients who had chest pain early (1 day to 3 weeks) after myocardial infarction were shown to have coronary spasm with ergonovine maleate provocation. Two patients had spasm in the coronary artery associated with the acute infarction; the third had spasm in a remote vessel. Two required intracoronary nitroglycerin to establish patency in the affected vessel. It is concluded that coronary vasospasm can result in postinfarction angina. PMID- 6807077 TI - Functional morphology of lingual protrusion in marine toads (Bufo marinus). AB - Bufo marinus catches its prey by stiffening the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, rapidly flipping the tongue out of the mouth. High-speed cinematography synchronized with computer-analyzed electromyograms (EMGs)shows that during the flip the tongue is supported by the M. genioglossus medialis and that this muscle stiffens into a rod when stimulated. Coincident stiffening of the transversely arranged M. genioglossus basalis provides a wedge under the anterior tip of this rod. Stiffening of the M. submentalis depresses the mandibular symphysis and brings the dentary tips together. The M. submentalis also acts on the wedge of the basalis to raise and rotate the rigid rod of the medialis over the symphysial attachment. The tip of this lingual rod carries along the pad and soft tissues of the tongue. The lingual pad, positioned the posterodorsal portion of the resting tongue, rotates during eversion so that its dorsal surface impacts onto the prey object. Retraction starts by contraction of the elongate, parallel fibers of the M. hyoglossus; this retracts the medical sulcus of the pad and holds the prey by a suction cup-like effect. The extensibility of the buccal membranes allows the pad to be retracted first; it reaches the posterior portion of the buccal cavity before the still-rigid, backward rotating M. genioglossus has reached the level of the symphysis. Protraction of the hyoid facilitates the extension of the M. hyoglossus. The M. sternohyoideus only retracts the hyoid and stabilizes it when the tongue starts to pull posteriorly; it does not assist tongue protrusion. The Mm. petrohyoideus and omohyoideus show only incidental activity, and the M. depressor mandibulae participate in mouth opening but is not otherwise involved in the flip. Previous hypotheses of the flipping mechanism are reviewed and evaluated. PMID- 6807079 TI - Intestinal and renal loss of infused minerals in patients with severe short bowel syndrome. AB - Intestinal and renal loss of infused calcium, magnesium, and zinc were studied in eight patients on permanent partial parenteral nutrition because of extensive bowel resection by comparing two 4-day infusion periods, one with Ca/Mg/Zn supplied (B) and one without (A). Dietary intake and parenteral supply of other nutrients were constant. In period B the daily supply of 9 to 11.3 mmol Ca, 10 mmol Mg, and 70 to 200 mumol Zn was infused over a 4-h period during which S-Ca increased by 8%, S-Mg by 37%, and S-Zn by 60%. During Ca/Mg/Zn infusion renal Ca excretion increased with 81% of the amount of Ca infused. Mg loss with 63% of infused Mg, and Zn loss with 8% of infused Zn. Increased fecal loss of Ca and Mg occurred in patients with functioning colon, but not in patients with jejunostomy. Fecal Zn increased in both groups. Increased fecal Ca presumably reflected impaired absorption of dietary Ca, since endogenous fecal Ca loss was unchanged. The kidneys represented main excretory route for infused Ca and Mg and the gastrointestinal tract was the main excretory route for infused Zn. The majority of patients had a net retention of infused Ca (16%), Mg (27%), and Zn (61%). PMID- 6807078 TI - Growth of rats fed by a continuous intragastric infusion containing amino acids and keto acids. AB - A nutrient mixture was designed to minimize electrolyte and nitrogen excretion in rats while permitting growth. It contained lysine, threonine, histidine, tryptophan, ornithine, N-free analogues of the other essential amino acids, sucrose, corn oil, minerals, and vitamins. Intragastric infusion of this mixture for 25 days into 150-g rats with no access to food or water produced an average weight gain (after a 4-day lag period) of 3.48 +/- 0.09 g/day with proportionate increase in tail length. Urinary excretion rates of N, urea, Na, K, and P became very low. Fecal N fell to 4 mg/day. Urine pH averaged 6.1. Plasma amino acid concentrations changed markedly. Carcass analysis showed that an average of 63% of the 144 mg/day of administered N was retained for growth. Thus, this nutrient mixture is unusually efficiently utilized and leads to minimal excretion of waste products. PMID- 6807082 TI - Acute hydrocephalus Hurler's syndrome. PMID- 6807080 TI - In vitro detection of mild inhibitors to factor VIII in hemophilia. AB - Plasma samples from patients with severe classic hemophilia, suspected of having mild inhibitors not detected in the standard Bethesda inhibitor test, were examined in modified Bethesda tests and in a screening test based on the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). The APTT test was more sensitive to mild inhibitors than any modification of the Bethesda method. Increasing the ratio of patient to normal plasma in either the APTT or the Bethesda test improved the sensitivity to mild inhibitors. If a patient's plasma is used as its own control in the APTT test, results are more consistent as minor fluctuations in the APTT occur over time. PMID- 6807083 TI - Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus. PMID- 6807081 TI - Valproic acid in the treatment of intractable absence seizures in children: a single-blind clinical and quantitative EEG study. AB - A 12-week single-blind study used valproic acid in the treatment of refractory, simple and complex absence (petit mal) seizures in 17 children. The clinical seizure control was compared with the number and duration of electrical discharges on six-hour EEG recordings before and during therapy. Sixteen patients showed clinical improvement. Fourteen had greater than 75% clinical improvement and ten patients became free of absence seizures. Side effects were mild, but two patients experienced transient, asymptomatic thrombocytopenia. Good correlation between clinical response and decreasing seizure activity on the EEG occurred in the seizure-free patients. PMID- 6807084 TI - The distribution of serum alanine aminotransferase levels in a blood donor population. AB - The authors studied the distribution of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in 10,034 volunteer blood donors. The mean +/- SD ALT value was 21.4 +/- 19.3 IU/liter; 549 (5.5%) of the donors had a ALT value greater that 45 IU; 2.5 per cent had ALT values greater than 60 IU. In general, ALT levels were higher in males than in females, and were age related; peak values occurred in the third decade of life for males and between 50-60 years of age in females. ALT values greater than 45 IU were found significantly more often in males, in donors of both sexes 30-40 years of age, in married donors, in non-Caucasians, and in those whose education level was no higher than high school. Follow-up samples in donors with an initial ALT greater than 45 IU, revealed that 67% continued to have ALT values above 45 IU 2-8 weeks following initial sampling, and 40% had an ALT greater than 45 IU when tested again six months after entry into the study. ALT values greater than 60 IU were associated with a significantly increased prevalence of antibody of hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) occurring together. No statistically significant association was found between transaminase activity and the prevalence of anti-HBs or anti-HBc alone, or with hepatitis A antibody. These findings demonstrate that there are defined sociodemographic and serologic features of donors with elevated ALT values. PMID- 6807085 TI - Distal renal tubular acidosis: pathogenesis and classification. AB - Distal renal tubular acidosis results from ineffective addition of hydrogen ions to the lumen of the distal nephron. The syndrome is manifested by hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis often associated with hypokalemia. More recently, it has been recognized that hyperkalemia rather than hypokalemia can be a dominant feature of some cases of distal renal tubular acidosis. It has been generally accepted that all cases of this syndrome ultimately resulted from a similar mechanism. The prevailing view was that the abnormality underlying distal renal tubular acidosis was that of inability to either generate or maintain a steep pH gradient across the distal nephron. Recent advances in our understanding of the process of distal acidification have provided evidence that different mechanisms can alter distal hydrogen ion secretion. In this article, the significance of the various indices of urinary acidification and their use in the characterization of the mechanism underlying distal renal tubular acidosis are revised. A classification of distal renal tubular acidosis on the basis of mechanism is presented. The importance of plasma potassium and renal potassium excretion in the evaluation of patients with distal renal tubular acidosis is emphasized. PMID- 6807086 TI - B-cell neoplasms with homogeneous cold-reacting antibodies (cold agglutinins). AB - Among 78 patients with persistent cold agglutinins, 31 had lymphoma, 13 had macroglobulinemia of Waldenstrom, six had chronic lymphocytic leukemia and 28 had chronic cold agglutinin disease. The average age was over 60 years. Patients wit chronic cold agglutinin disease had more hemolytic crises, bleeding and Raynaud's phenomena, and less frequently lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The frequency of anemia, positive Coombs test results, cryoglobulinemia and Bence Jones proteinuria was similar in the various groups. Survival time from diagnosis was on average two years in lymphoma, two and a half years in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, more than six years in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and more than five years in chronic cold agglutinin disease. Anti-I were common in chronic cold agglutinin disease (74 percent) and rare in other groups (32 to 33 percent). Anti-I and other cold agglutinins were rare in chronic cold agglutinin disease and common in lymphoma and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. In chronic cold agglutinin disease, and in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, cold agglutinins usually had K light chains--92 percent and 71 percent, respectively--whereas in lymphoma, 71 percent of cold agglutinins had lambda light chains. The type of light chains related to the specifically of cold agglutinins: 58 percent of IgM/K were anti-I, 75 percent of IgM/lambda had other specificities. Cold agglutinins were cytotoxic to autologous and allogeneic cells were killed implying that the former may be precoated in vivo with the antibodies. In conclusion, conditions with persistent cold agglutinins are a spectrum that varies from "benign" autoimmune-like chronic cold agglutinin disease to malignant lymphoma. Marked differences in the light chain type of cold agglutinins, specificity toward membranous antigens and severity of clinical manifestations were noted in benign and malignant varieties. PMID- 6807087 TI - Hyperthyroxinemia in patients with acute psychiatric disorders. AB - Thyroid function tests were measured in 645 patients admitted to an acute psychiatric disorders unit. Thirty-three percent had elevated serum thyroxine (T4), and 18 percent had an elevated free T4 index (FTI). Serum triiodothyronine (T3) was low, normal, or minimally elevated in 77 patients, with a high initial free T4 index. Twenty-two patients with an initial elevation of their free T4 index were serially followed (study group). Serum T4, free T4 index, and free T4 fell in every patient: serum T4 from 13.95 +/- 1.93 micrograms/dl (mean +/- standard deviation: SD) to 9.33 +/- 2.4 micrograms/dl (p less than 0.001); free T4 index, from 6.15 +/- 0.83 to 3.79 +/- 1.1 (p less than 0.001); free T4, from 2.43 +/- 0.65 mg/dl to 1.38 +/- 0.35 ng/dl (p less than 0.001). Serum T3 was initially normal or low, and then fell in 17 patients, and rose in five. Serial testing of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) demonstrated both flat and normal responses in patients with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses and at varying stages of thyroid disease activity. PMID- 6807089 TI - The laboratory environment: 1990-2000. PMID- 6807088 TI - Neisseria gonorrhoeae: methods for laboratory identification. AB - Clinical laboratorians must use methods that will allow isolation of gonococci from both genital and extragenital sites. Whenever possible, nonselective as well as antibiotic-containing media sould be used because some gonococci are susceptible to the concentrations of vancomycin present in selective media. For identification, subculture of the primary isolate onto nonselective medium not only assures that a pure culture is used, but also provides sufficient inoculum for a rapid result. At present, the most common gonococcal identification methods are carbohydrate degradation tests performed with CTA-base carbohydrate media, buffered carbohydrate solutions, the Minitek and the BACTEC systems, and the coagglutination immunologic method. Although penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae have not become as widespread a problem as expected, methods for their detection should be available in the laboratory. PMID- 6807090 TI - Occurrence of cyclopia, myelomeningocele, deafness, and abducens paralysis in siblings. AB - As holoprosencephaly without chromosome defect may be associated with other CNS related anomalies such as mental retardation, mental illness, facial paralysis, endocrine disorders, deafness, spina bifida, and myelomeningocele, we present a family in which one girl had a myelomeningocele, a brother had orbital hypotelorism, facial and cerebral asymmetries, cerebral palsy, abducens paralysis, and inner ear deafness. A 3rd pregnancy was terminated at 16 weeks; the fetus had cyclopia. A common cause is discussed in these cases and in those families in which holoprosencephaly and additional malformations occur among different generations. PMID- 6807091 TI - A cost-benefit analysis of prenatal diagnosis for neural tube defects selectively offered to relatives of index cases. AB - Relatives of patients with neural tube defects (NTD) frequently request prenatal diagnosis for this problem, and it would be helpful to have information on cost benefit aspects of offering this service to them. A cost-benefit analysis was done for selective prenatal diagnosis offered to parents and aunts of index cases as these are the two groups for which adequate empiric data are available. The results are extrapolated to other relatives. The study concludes that prenatal diagnosis is cost-beneficial if selectively offered for pregnancies where the fetus is a first or second degree relative of an index case. The results are discussed in terms of whether prenatal diagnosis should be offered to all aunts of index cases or only to maternal aunts. The lifetime costs of caring for an individual with spina bifida, in 1980 dollars, was calculated to be approximately $84,000. PMID- 6807096 TI - Thyroid hormones, malnutrition, and biochemical composition of developing rat lung. AB - We studied the effects of thyroid hormones and malnutrition on protein, DNA, and phospholipid content of the developing rat lung during the first month of life. Neonatal hypothyroidism significantly decreases the lung phospholipid content by 30-45% between 5 and 30 days of age whether the results are expressed per milligram DNA or per gram tissue. Administration of thyroxine for 3 days to hypothyroid rats increases significantly (20%) their total phospholipid content, mainly through its preferential effect on phosphatidylcholine (50% increase). Adult animal response to thyroid hormones is markedly different from that observed in young rats for most parameters examined. In malnourished rats, lung tissue phospholipids are decreased per cell but not per unit cell mass after 11 days of age. These results show that hypothyroidism has a specific effect on lung phospholipids during the neonatal period. PMID- 6807092 TI - Who profits from coronary artery bypass surgery? PMID- 6807093 TI - Antepartum sinusoidal and decelerative heart rate patterns in Rh disease. AB - A review was made of the data on 42 cases of Rh disease that resulted in the birth of a live infant after 33 weeks' gestation. On 12 occasions, antepartum monitoring of fetal heart rate (FHR) showed a sinusoidal and/or decelerative heart rate pattern. All 12 infants were anemic at birth; only one was born acidotic. One infant died neonatally. Monitoring of FHR identified the severely affected infant more reliably than did the Liley classification. Within the same Liley group, infants with an abnormal heart rate tracing had lower values of hemoglobin at birth than did infants with a normal tracing. The conclusion is that a decelerative heart rate pattern is just as indicative of an infant severely affected with Rh disease as is the sinusoidal pattern. Once the abnormal heart rate pattern is identified, early delivery nearly always results in an infant who survives. PMID- 6807094 TI - Treatment of vaginal carcinoma in situ with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - Thirty-six patients with vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia were treated with the carbon dioxide laser. More than half of the patients had grade 3 vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (carcinoma in situ). The majority of patients were treated in a single session; six patients were treated twice, and two patients were treated three times. In 92% of the patients, the lesions were completely removed by the laser without significant side effects. PMID- 6807097 TI - Effects of lysine on bicarbonate and fluid absorption in the rat proximal tubule. AB - The effects of lysine on bicarbonate and fluid reabsorption in the rat proximal tubule were studied by luminal and capillary perfusion in situ. The proximal tubule and peritubular capillaries were perfused with bicarbonate Ringer solution containing [14C]inulin. The rate of bicarbonate reabsorption (JHCO3) was estimated to be 124 +/- 9.5 peq.min-1.mm-1 using a pH membrane glass electrode. The rate of net fluid reabsorption (Jv) was 2.6 +/- 0.21 nl.min-1.mm-1. When 10 mM L-lysine was added to the luminal perfusate, a 35% reduction in JHCO3 and no change in Jv were observed. Increase of L-lysine concentration in the luminal perfusate to 20 mM did not reduce JHCO3 further nor did it influence Jv.l When 10 mM L-lysine was added to the capillary perfusate, a 13% reduction in JHCO3 was observed (NS). Increase of lysine concentration in the capillary perfusate to 20 mM significantly reduced JHCO3 by 26% (P less than 0.01). There was no significant change in Jv under both conditions. The effect of L-lysine in the lumen was related to its reabsorption kinetics, D-Lysine, which was not reabsorbed significantly, did not affect bicarbonate reabsorption in the proximal tubule. These results indicate that the inhibitory effect of L-lysine is related to the entry of lysine into the cell from the lumen. PMID- 6807098 TI - Gastric vascular actions of prostanoids and the dual effect of arachidonic acid. AB - The effects of several prostanoids and arachidonic acid on gastric vascular perfusion pressure were studied in dogs. A chambered segment of gastric fundus in anesthetized, heparin-treated dogs was perfused at constant flow (10 ml.min-1) with femoral arterial blood. Changes in perfusion pressure were measured after intra-arterial injection of each agent, at a point from which it reached the stomach in 3 s. Prostacyclin, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and PGE1 (5-40 ng) reduced perfusion pressure by 10-35 mmHg and were equipotent. 6-oxo-PGE1, the endoperoxide PGH2, and two stable prostacyclin analogues carbacyclin and 6 beta PGI1 were less potent vasodilators, whereas 6-oxo-PGF1a was inactive. The epoxymethano endoperoxide analogues (U-46619 and U-44069) were equipotent vasoconstrictors, doses of 10-100 ng causing increases in perfusion pressure of 10-35 mmHg. PGF2a and noradrenaline also had vasoconstrictor actions. PGD2 had inconsistent actions. The effect of arachidonic acid on perfusion pressure varied with the length of time in contact with blood. Close (3 s incubation) intra arterial injection (25-200 micrograms) produced vasodilation, whereas distal intra-arterial injection, which allowed 30 s of contact with blood before reaching the stomach, produced vasoconstriction as evidenced by dose-related increases in perfusion pressure (10-65 mmHg). These observations suggest that arachidonic acid, given by close intraarterial injection, is converted in the stomach mainly to vasodilator substances, presumably PGI2 or PGE2, but is converted mainly to a vasoconstrictor substance, presumably thromboxane A2, when allowed to mix with blood for 30 s. PMID- 6807095 TI - Influence of breast-feeding pattern on pituitary-ovarian axis of women in an industrialized community. AB - A longitudinal study of 48 postpartum women showed that during the first 6 months the daily frequency of infant feedings remained between six and seven. The lower threshold of the ratio breast-feedings/supplementary feedings that sustained both hyperprolactinemia and anovulation was 4.5/1. The duration and the 24-hour distribution, but not the intensity, of breast-feedings were significantly altered during prolonged lactation and when supplementary feeding was used. However, neither differences in the levels of prolactin (PRL) no gonadal status could be correlated with qualitative differences in the breast-feeding pattern. Postpartum maternal body weight was not related to serum PRL, gonadotropins, or resumption of ovulation, but mothers who smoked cigarettes had significantly lower serum levels of PRL during the third and fourth months, and weaned their babies earlier, than did mothers who were nonsmokers. Our data showed that minor quantitative differences in the feeding pattern have a significant impact on the pituitary-gonadal axis, and that the decline in the levels of PRL during continued lactation is due mainly to a decreased frequency of breast-feeding but may be due also to a shorter duration and more heterogeneous 24-hour distribution of nursings but not to a reduced intensity of sucking. PMID- 6807100 TI - Incremental and decremental kinetics of gastric responses to infused gastrin in dogs. AB - Acid and pepsin secretion was stimulated by graded doses of synthetic human gastrin I (G-17-I) and pentagastrin (G-5) in six conscious gastric fistula dogs, three with intact vagi and three with fundic vagotomy. Metabolic clearance rate of G-17 was 15.2 ml.kg-1.min-1 and volume of distribution was 15.8%. Gastrin levels decayed in two slopes: t1/2 of 6.8 min and 25-35 min, respectively. These were compared with other published data. Vmax was higher in intact stomachs and at doses or blood levels of gastrin about three to four times smaller. G-17 was almost four times more potent (molar basis) than G-5. Responses were log linearly related to G-17 dose and to serum G-17 during infusion (incremental) and after stopping infusion (decremental). Normalized decremental curves were congruent in all dogs but displaced fivefold (625 vs. 130 pmol/l) to the right at midpoint. Vagotomy changed only association (incremental) kinetics (Km = 352 pmol/l). The previously undescribed difference between blood concentration-effect relationship during drug administration and withdrawal may be important in situations in which blood levels are used as therapeutic guide. PMID- 6807099 TI - Digests of protein augment acid-induced canine pancreatic secretion. AB - To study interactions between intraluminal acid and protein digests, six dogs with chronic gastric and pancreatic fistulas received three sets of intestinal perfusates. The first set contained HCl (1, 2, or 4 mmol/50 ml) and 64 mM D- or L phenylalanine. The second set contained HCl plus either intact or pepsin-digested bovine serum albumin (BSA); the BSA and HCl were varied so that each 50 ml contained 1, 2, or 4 meq of acid titratable from an initial pH of 2.0 to an end point pH of 4.5. The third set was identical to the second set except for an initial pH of 3.5. All perfusates were adjusted to 300 mosM and randomly infused at 200 ml/h. L-Phenylalanine enhanced acid-induced bicarbonate and protein outputs, as did pH 2.0 BSA digests. At pH 3.5, only acid-induced protein output was augmented by BSA digests. In additional studies, undigested or digested BSA at pH 7.0 was infused with secretin (82 pmol.kg-1.h-1). Only digested BSA enhanced secretin-induced pancreatic secretion. We conclude that there is an important, albeit complex, interaction between the intestinal acid stimulus and the protein digest stimulus on pancreatic secretion. PMID- 6807101 TI - Endothelial uptake of amino acids, sugars, lipids, and prostaglandins in rat lung. PMID- 6807102 TI - Importance of molecular size and hydrogen bonding in vasopressin-stimulated urea transport. AB - We have employed a variety of urea and thiourea analogues to elucidate further the vasopressin-stimulated urea transport mechanism. In the urea series there was a progressive inhibition of tracer urea transport as cylindrical radius of analogue increased from 2.9 to 3.5 A. Above 3.8 A no inhibition was found. Thiourea analogues were more potent inhibitors for comparable cylindrical radii, and compounds greater than 3.8 A again were not inhibitory. Inhibition was comparable when the inhibitor was moving in the same or opposite directions. Urea transport and its inhibition were preserved in bladders fixed with glutaraldehyde. Osmotic water flow, tritiated water flow, and uric acid transport were not affected by any analogues tested. Analogues of urea and thiourea affected the transport of labeled methylurea and thiourea in a manner similar to their effect on urea. We therefore propose that the urea transport mechanism is a channel with a cylindrical radius between 3.5 and 3.8 A that is capable of interaction with the moving species by hydrogen bonding. This model can account for the selectivity of the vasopressin-stimulated urea transport, its inhibition by urea and thiourea analogues, the facilitated transport of urea, inhibition of tracer urea flux from either the cis or the trans position, and finally the preservation of the urea transport machinery following glutaraldehyde fixation. PMID- 6807104 TI - Renal electrolyte handling, acid-base status, and urinary acidification in Bufo marinus. AB - In hydrated toads reabsorption of 92% of filtered bicarbonate produces a urine of pH at 22 degrees C. Average blood-to-urine pH gradient is 0.8-0.9 U under these conditions but may reach 3-4 U. Net acid excretion rate in hydrated animals is approximately 30 mu eq . h-1 . kg-1. Flow-independent acid excretion is a negative nonlinear function of urinary pH and passes from positive to negative values in the range of normal urinary pH due to rapid rise in [HCO3-] and slower decline in [NH4+]. [H2PO4-] accounts for only 10-20% of buffer-bound acid excreted. Sulfate loading in Cl-restricted toads is without effect on blood pH but produces significant reduction in blood [Cl-]/[Na+] and in urinary pH, and increased urinary [K+] and net acid secretion rates relative to controls. These renal responses are diminished or absent during sulfate loading in Cl-rich toads. In both groups [Cl-] shows significant positive correlation with pH in sulfate containing urines. These results are discussed in the context of the nonhomeostatic model of urinary acidification developed in mammals. PMID- 6807103 TI - Aminoisobutyric acid transport in soleus muscles of lean and gold thioglucose obese mice. AB - The uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was studied in soleus muscles isolated from lean and gold thioglucose-lesioned obese mice (GTG-obese), both in basal and in insulin-stimulated conditions. The basal (i.e., non-insulin stimulated) influx of AIB was decreased in muscles of GTG-obese mice because of a decrease in the apparent Vmax of the transport system. In muscles from both types of mice, insulin stimulated AIB influx by increasing the apparent Vmax of transport; this effect was partially dependent on new protein synthesis. In muscles of GTG-obese mice, the effect of insulin was altered in two ways: the absolute value of the maximally insulin-stimulated AIB influx was lower than in muscles of lean controls, and the dose response of insulin-stimulated AIB influx was shifted to the right (half-maximally effective concentration, EC50 congruent to 1.7 nM) compared to that observed in muscles of lean animals (EC50 congruent to 0.7 nM). It is concluded that in muscles of obese mice a) amino acid transport per se is altered, and b) the sensitivity of this process to the stimulatory effect of insulin is markedly diminished. PMID- 6807105 TI - Bicarbonate reabsorption and potassium handling in isolated perfused kidneys of Bufo marinus. AB - Average rates of bicarbonate reabsorption, normalized for glomerular filtration rates, rose linearly with perfusate [HCO3-] of 6-21 mM with a constant bicarbonate/creatinine clearance ratio of 0.06, similar to the in vivo value. Maximal rates of bicarbonate reabsorption occurred at 20-25 mM HCO3- perfusate. At 3 mM perfusate [K+], normalized rates of potassium reabsorption were constant from filtered perfusates mimicking metabolic acidosis, and from control perfusates; during perfusion with alkalotic Ringer solutions net potassium secretion was observed. Elevation of perfusate [K+] to 10 mM in alkalotic Ringer significantly decreased maximal rates of bicarbonate reabsorption. Overall, the pattern of bicarbonate reabsorption in toad kidneys perfused at 6-21 mM HCO3- was similar to that observed in acid-base disturbances of metabolic origin in mammals, while the pattern of potassium excretion showed significant differences in these two vertebrate classes. PMID- 6807106 TI - Bicarbonate reabsorption in the papillary collecting duct: effect of acetazolamide. AB - The present study was designed to characterize bicarbonate (total CO2) reabsorption in the papillary collecting duct of the kidney of the Munich-Wistar rat when total CO2 delivery to this segment was increased by the systemic infusion of a bicarbonate-rich solution. Additional studies examined the effect of the systemic administration of acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, on total CO2 reabsorption. Employing free-flow micropuncture techniques, tubular fluid samples were obtained from the base and tip of the exposed papilla and subsequently analyzed for total CO2 and inulin. Total CO2 reabsorption increased in a linear fashion, approximating 34% of that delivered to the base, as total CO2 delivery increased from 3 to 20% of the filtered load. When examined at comparable absolute rates of total CO2 delivery (mumol/min) to the papillary collecting duct, acetazolamide administration resulted in marked inhibition of total CO2 reabsorption. The results of these studies suggest that the papillary collecting duct of the rat kidney possesses a significant capacity for reabsorption of total CO2 and that this reabsorption is diminished by the administration of acetazolamide. PMID- 6807107 TI - Regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis by cholecystokinin and calcium. AB - The effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on [3H]phenylalanine and [14C]tyrosine incorporation into protein was studied in isolated rat pancreatic acini. CCK8, the biologically active octapeptide of CCK, had a biphasic effect on amino acid incorporation. The magnitude of the stimulatory effect (maximal at 10(-10) to 3 X 10(-10) M CCK8) was greater in diabetic rats, whereas the magnitude of the inhibitory effect (maximal at 10(-8) M CCK8) was greater in normal rats. Omission of extracellular Ca2+ from the incubation media did not diminish the stimulatory action of CCK8. Addition of 10(-4) M EGTA to media containing no added Ca2+ lowered basal incorporation, abolished CCK's stimulatory effect and enhanced its inhibitory effect. Stimulation was restored in the presence of Ca2+. The stimulatory effect of the cholinergic analogue carbachol (10(-5) M) on amino acid incorporation was also abolished by removal of extracellular Ca2+, whereas the stimulatory effect of insulin (1.67 X 10(-8) M) remained intact. These findings suggest that CCK and other pancreatic secretagogues enhance pancreatic protein synthesis via Ca2+, whereas stimulation by insulin occurs via another mechanism. PMID- 6807109 TI - Cerebral circulatory response to carbon monoxide and hypoxic hypoxia in the lamb. AB - In 14 unanesthetized newborn lambs the relationship between cerebral blood flow (measured by radiolabeled microspheres) and arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) was compared during two types of hypoxia: hypoxic hypoxia and carbon monoxide (CO) hypoxia. Cerebral venous samples were obtained from the sagittal sinus. The Increase in blood flow was 47% greater during CO than during hypoxic hypoxia. Cerebral O2 consumption and O2 delivery were constant during hypoxic hypoxia. Thus fractional O2 extraction, which equals O2 consumption/O2 delivery, remained constant with hypoxic hypoxia. During CO hypoxia, although O2 consumption remained constant, O2 delivery increased and fractional O2 extraction decreased. This decline in fractional O2 extraction was correlated with the leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve that accompanied CO hypoxia. We suggest that cerebral blood flow depends on both SaO2 and the position of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in the newborn lamb. However, this correlation does not exclude other potential histotoxic effects contributing to the relative overperfusion with CO hypoxia. PMID- 6807108 TI - Circulatory effects of chemical sympathectomy in fetal, neonatal, and adult sheep. AB - Circulatory effects of chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD), including changes in vascular sensitivity to neurotransmitters, were investigated in chronically instrumented unanesthetized fetal, neonatal, and adult sheep. In all animals acute response to 6-HD consisted of hypertension and tachycardia, which lasted 2-3 h. Chronic phase of sympathetic ablation then followed during which arterial pressure and heart rate of sympathectomized fetus and neonate returned to and remained at levels observed in intact animals, whereas adult sheep were slightly hypotensive throughout this period. In all animals supersensitivity of peripheral circulation to norepinephrine occurred, but only the fetus exhibited supersensitivity to acetylcholine and isoproterenol. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) acute phase of chemical sympathectomy in fetal, neonatal, and adult sheep simulates strong adrenergic stimulation; 2) absence of significant alteration in arterial pressure of fetus and neonate during the chronic phase of sympathectomy suggests a minor role for the adrenergic system in the maintenance of resting tone of peripheral circulation; and 3) on the basis of present and previous data, we postulate that the supersensitivity of fetal circulation to acetylcholine and isoproterenol may be secondary to changes occurring in pulmonary vascular bed. PMID- 6807110 TI - Enhanced renal vasoconstriction in rats fed essential fatty acid-deficient diet. AB - The effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) and norepinephrine (NE) on total renal blood flow (RBF) were studied in rats fed an essential fatty acid (EFA)-deficient diet. EFA deficiency was employed, as an alternative to the use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, to investigate the influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on rat RBF. Intrarenal arterial (ira) bolus doses of ANG II (2-16 ng) and NE (25-100 ng) elicited significantly greater decrements in RBF and increments in renal vascular resistance in anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats fed EFA-deficient diets than in control rats, which were fed EFA-adequate diets. Indomethacin (5 mg/kg iv) enhanced the vasoconstrictor responses to ANG II and NE in rats fed the EFA adequate diet but not in rats fed the EFA-deficient diet. In rats fed regular laboratory chow the renal vasoconstrictor response to ANG II was potentiated after the administration of either indomethacin or naproxen (5 mg/kg iv). Methacholine and prostaglandins E2 and I2 caused dose-related renal vasodilatation when injected (ira) over the dose range of 10-40 ng in rats fed either the EFA-deficient or -adequate diets. The increased responsiveness of the renal vascular bed to ANG II and NE in rats fed EFA-deficient diets was not attributable to reduced vasodilator efficacy. Collectively, these results suggest that the net effect of endoperoxide products of arachidonic acid metabolism attenuates the vasoconstrictor influences of exogenous ANG II and NE in the intact rat kidney. PMID- 6807111 TI - Psychomotor epilepsy and violence in a group of incarcerated adolescent boys. AB - The authors report the finding of psychomotor epilepsy in 18 of 97 incarcerated delinquent boys. Number of psychomotor symptoms was correlated with degree of violence in the members of this group. In addition, psychomotor symptoms were correlated more strongly with certain psychotic symptoms than with soft neurological signs or intellectual deficits. The relationship of violence to ictal and interictal states is explored. PMID- 6807112 TI - Use of loxapine to treat a patient with psychotic depression. PMID- 6807113 TI - Possible synergistic action between carbamazepine and lithium carbonate in the treatment of three acutely manic patients. PMID- 6807114 TI - MHPG excretion and lithium treatment during premenstrual tension syndrome: a case report. PMID- 6807115 TI - TSH and MHPG levels of depressed patients. PMID- 6807118 TI - Genetic control of autoantibody production to spermatozoa in vasectomized rats. AB - Previous studies from our laboratory using vasectomized rats of different inbred strains have suggested that MHC-linked genes do not play a major role in the formation of autoantibodies to spermatozoa. In the present paper, we demonstrate that sperm autoantibody product in is not influenced by genes in major histocompatibility complex, using vasectomized congenic rats and various crosses between high and low responder strains. We also show that autoimmune responses to spermatozoa are not influenced by genes on the Y-chromosome. PMID- 6807116 TI - High carbohydrate loads and respiratory failure in depressed elderly patients. PMID- 6807117 TI - Effect of plasma exchange and immunosuppression on Rho(D), viral, and bacterial antibody titers in Rh-immunized women. AB - Pharmacologic immunosuppression and plasmapheresis have both been advocated as adjunctive methods of treatment for Rh immunization, but a combined regimen of the two has not been attempted. We treated four nonpregnant, severely Rh sensitized female volunteers with intensive plasma exchange and either promethazine 150 mg or prednisone 60 mg per day in an attempt to remove circulating anti-Rho(D) and prevent further synthesis of the antibody. Each patient received three or four exchanges. The Rho(D) antibody titer decreased by at least one dilution immediately following 11 of 14 plasma exchanges and was ultimately lowered at least two dilutions in all patients. In one case the titer was reduced from 1:512 to 1:16, and a low titer was maintained for the duration of treatment. However, this regimen could increase the risk of infection for a mother and/or infant, as evidenced by the concomitant lowering of viral and bacterial antibody titers in these women. PMID- 6807119 TI - Femoropopliteal tibial bypass: what price failure? AB - The consequences of failure in 235 femoropopliteal and femorotibial operations are reviewed and compared with the benefits of success so that an accurate perspective of risk-benefit analysis can be achieved. In 72 operations performed for claudication, 10 grafts thrombosed early. The cost included nine reoperations to achieve eight patent grafts and a 12 day average increase in hospital stay. There were no deaths. The benefit obtained was 70 of 72 (97 percent) asymptomatic limbs. In 163 grafts placed for limb salvage, there were 58 initial thromboses. Reoperation in 28 produced an additional 14 patent grafts. The cost of thrombosis was an increase in mortality from 5.6 to 10.7 percent, a 12 day average increase in hospital stay, and raising of preoperative predicted amputation level from below to above the knee in 11 patients with thrombosed grafts whose distal anastomoses were below the knee. This contrasted with a 73 percent limb salvage rate in 104 patients whose preoperative predicted amputation level was below the knee, and a 54 percent limb salvage and a 12 percent lowering of amputation level in 39 patients whose preoperative amputation level was above the knee. Of patients with patent grafts, 89 percent achieved limb salvage. We conclude that the benefits of success in attempted vascular reconstruction for threatened limb loss far outweigh the risks of failure and that the combined results were far superior to the expected outcome in comparable patients undergoing primary amputation. PMID- 6807120 TI - [Sublingual use of nitroglycerin in the emergency therapy of hypertensive toxicoses in pregnant women]. PMID- 6807121 TI - A case of type 2 Gm1-gangliosidosis with long survival. AB - An 11-year-old boy with type 2 GM1-gangliosidosis was presented, providing further evidence for the clinical and biochemical heterogeneity of the disease. The patient had several characteristics of type 2 GM1-gangliosidosis, but was different from so-called typical type 2 GM1-gangliosidosis from the point of view of survival and the degree of GM1-ganglioside accumulation. GM1-gangliosidosis was diagnosed by absence of beta-galactosidase activity in leukocytes and the parents had the enzyme levels of heterozygotes. However, the amount of the brain GM1-ganglioside was accumulated to a less degree in comparison with that of typical type 2 GM1-gangliosidosis, though the activity of GM1-beta-galactosidase in the brain was deficient to the same degree as in the typical case. PMID- 6807122 TI - Clinical trials of carbamazepine for autonomic seizures with and without generalized epileptic seizures. AB - Carbamazepine (CBZ) was used for the treatment of 52 children of autonomic seizures with and without generalized epileptic seizures. Their ages ranged from 4 to 17 years. Their autonomic seizures were recurrent episodic headaches and/or abdominal pains. EEG abnormalities were found in all cases in this study. The abnormal EEG findings consisted of diffuse paroxysmal slow dysrhythmia, generalized spike and wave complexes, focal spike and wave complexes with diffuse slow wave bursts, spike and wave complexes with 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes of 14 and 6 Hz positive spikes. Of the 40 patients with autonomic seizures only, 36 (90%) showed disappearance of pain, and of the remaining 4, 2 showed moderate improvement and 2 showed no change as far as their clinical symptoms were concerned. Of the 12 patients with both autonomic seizures and generalized epileptic seizures, 10 (83%) became free from headache and 2 improved moderately. The efficacy of CBZ was found to be very satisfactory. The effective dosage of CBZ ranged from 3.9 to 11.4 mg/kg/day (total dose, 100 to 400 mg/day) with the mean value of 7.0 mg/kg/day. PMID- 6807123 TI - [Perforating cranio-cerebral trauma as a complication of a nasogastric feeding tube (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807124 TI - [Comparative examinations of different types of soda lime (author's transl)]. AB - Three different types of soda lime (Drager-Sorb 800, Sodasorb and Tricomed) were analysed both experimentally and in patients for their capability of eliminating CO2 from the anaesthetic circle system. In the experiment Sodasorb was exhausted already after 24 minutes (transmission of 0.6 vol-% CO2) while with Tricomed these data were reached only after 35 minutes and with Drager-Sorb 800 after 40 minutes. Regarding measurements in patients the soda limes tested showed no significant difference in this field, but again Drager-Sorb 800 was the best in eliminating CO2 (after a 2 hours application - 1.05 vol-% CO2 after the absorber, that is in the inspiratory gas flow), followed by Tricomed (1.38 vol-% CO2) nd Sodasorb (1.49 vol-% CO2). Considering its prolonged functional performance as well as its lower dust production Drager-Sorb 800 can be regarded as the best soda lime being available especially with respect to almost equal expensiveness. PMID- 6807125 TI - Doxapram and the fractured femur. AB - In a double-blind trial the effects of a single dose of doxapram (1--1.5 mg/kg) on the postoperative arterial oxygen tension of patients who had undergone surgical fixation of a fractured neck of femur was measured. In contrast to other reports of the effect of a single dose of doxapram, there was no improvement in arterial oxygen tension with respect to the control group. It is reasoned that doxapram may exert its effect by increasing the functional residual capacity in the immediate postoperative period. The central analeptic properties of doxapram may be grossly underestimated. The widely held assumption that patients with a fractured neck of femur are significantly hypoxic pre-operatively is questioned. PMID- 6807126 TI - A comparative study of enflurane and halothane in children. AB - Equipotent concentrations of enflurane and halothane inhaled by children caused substantial hypotension and respiratory depression, these changes being more pronounced with the former agent. Plasma catecholamine levels were unaltered indicating that enflurane, like halothane, elicits little sympatho-adrenal response. Induction of anaesthesia and recovery times were largely comparable but earlier and more frequent use of narcotic analgesics was required after enflurane anaesthesia. PMID- 6807127 TI - [Haemodynamic changes in infrarenal aortic aneurysm operations (author's transl)]. AB - Haemodynamic changes after aortic cross-clamping were measured during operation of 11 patients suffering from infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are increased, while cardiac index is significantly decreased. Heart rate and right atrial pressure remain nearly unchanged. The elevations in systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are reversed by continuous nitroglycerin infusion, cardiac index is increased. CONCLUSIONS: 1. meticulous haemodynamic monitoring is very important in operations including abdominal aortic cross-clamping in order to prevent imminent cardiac complications. 2. the haemodynamic changes induced by aortic cross clamping can be reversed by infusion of nitroglycerin. PMID- 6807128 TI - [Prevention by metyrapone of halothane induced liver necrosis in rats (author's transl)]. AB - Liver necrosis and an increase of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity can be produced in rats by halothane anesthesia (1% v/v in oxygen) following pretreatment with polychlorinated biphenyls. Using this model, it was shown that administration of metyrapone (2-methyl-1,2-bis(3-pyridyl)-1-propanone) (100 mg/kg b.w.) 1 h prior to anesthesia prevents liver necrosis and the concomitant increase in serum sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. No significant differences were observed when halothane was applied in air instead of oxygen, but the protective effect of metyrapone was abolished. PMID- 6807130 TI - Synthesis of various chelating celluloses and their application in removing Al3 from ATP. PMID- 6807129 TI - A specific radioimmunoassay for osteocalcin with advantageous species crossreactivity. PMID- 6807131 TI - Spectrophotometric assay for lysine decarboxylase. PMID- 6807132 TI - Investigation of clinical methodology for sample collection and processing prior to the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic determination of UV-absorbing plasma constituents. PMID- 6807133 TI - Bromoacetyl Sepharose: a solid-phase inhibitor of sulfhydryl enzymes. PMID- 6807135 TI - The identification of phosphoseryl residues during the determination amino acid sequence in phosphoproteins. PMID- 6807134 TI - Use of iodo-gen and iodine-125 to label the outer membrane proteins of whole cells of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6807137 TI - Time course of ventilatory response to carbon dioxide after intravenous diazepam. AB - Dual isohypercapnic studies on the time course of depression following intravenous diazepam permit detailed analysis of changes in the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide. The mean slope of the CO2 response curves of eight healthy volunteers dropped from 2.38 to 1.21 1 . min-1 . mmHg-1 ( P less than 0.05) within three minutes after injection of diazepam 0.4 mg/kg. Twenty-five minutes after injection, the slope was only 1.49 1 . min-1 . mmHg-1, still significantly lower than control (P less than 0.05). At 30 min, the slope has increased to 1.73 1 . min-1 . mmHg-1 and was no longer different from control at the 0.05 level of significance. There was also a significant correlation between the slope of the CO2 response curve and level of consciousness (r = 0. 81). There was little or no displacement of the response curve at any selected ventilation except as accounted for by the slope change. The authors conclude that ventilatory depression resulting from intravenous diazepam begins within one minute and lasts at least 25 min after injection. PMID- 6807136 TI - Cardiovascular effects of ketamine following administration of aminophylline in dogs. AB - The induction of halothane anesthesia following intravenous administration of aminophylline may cause ventricular arrhythmias. Ketamine has been recommended for anesthesia induction and maintenance in patients with asthma. This study was designed to determine whether induction and maintenance of ketamine anesthesia following intravenous aminophylline is arrhythmogenic in dogs. One group of six dogs was anesthetized with intravenous ketamine, 5 mg/kg, followed by infusion of 5 mg/kg/hr. Three additional groups of six dogs were given intravenous aminophylline, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, respectively, followed 3 minutes later by intravenous ketamine, 5 mg/kg, and a 5 mg/kg/hr ketamine infusion. No arrhythmias occurred at any time in any animal. Ketamine use following aminophylline would appear to lack arrhythmogenic potential and may be advantageous in the clinical setting. PMID- 6807138 TI - [Oxygen transport during prolonged perfusions in open heart surgery]. PMID- 6807139 TI - Interspecies transmission of Cytauxzoon felis. AB - The causative agent of feline cytauxzoonosis was experimentally inoculated into 4 species of domestic farm animals, 9 species of laboratory animals, and 17 wildlife species. The inoculum consisted of freshly collected or deep-frozen blood and/or tissue homogenates from domestic cats euthanatized in extremis with experimentally transmitted feline cytauxzoonosis. A bobcat, Lynx rufus floridanus (Florida bobcat), developed cytauxzoonosis typical of the disease observed in domestic cats and died of the disease 2 weeks after inoculation. A persistent parasitemia, but no overt signs of illness, developed in another bobcat, Lynx rufus rufus (eastern bobcat). The sheep developed a low persistent parasitemia, but no clinical signs of illness. There was no clear evidence of cytauxzoonosis demonstrated by necropsy or histopathologic or blood smear examinations in all other species. Additionally, freshly collected blood and/or tissue homogenates from animals of various species, except bobcats, failed to produce evidence of cytauxzoonosis when subinoculated into domestic cats. PMID- 6807142 TI - Antibacterial action of combinations of oxytetracycline, dimethyl sulfoxide, and EDTA-tromethamine on Proteus, Salmonella, and Aeromonas. AB - Antibacterial effects against Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhimurium, and Aeromonas hydrophila were obtained with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of oxytetracycline and EDTA-tromethamine. Antibacterial effects were not observed with subminimal inhibitory concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide plus oxytetracycline or with dimethyl sulfoxide plus EDTA-tromethamine. Using a 2 dimensional Microtiter checkerboard technique, inhibitory activities of the various combinations of solutions were studied, and isobolograms were plotted. A synergistic effect was seen with combinations of oxytetracycline and EDTA tromethamine. The greatest synergistic effect was observed when the mixture was caused to react with P mirabilis. These findings were confirmed by kinetic studies of microbial death, using one-fourth minimal inhibitory concentrations of these preparations. PMID- 6807140 TI - Effects of various treatments on induced chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. AB - Male New Zealand White rabbits were orally given 0.05 mg of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)/kg of body weight daily for 10 days and were treated with glutathione precursors and depletor, antibacterial agents, or sodium thiosulfate. The drug administered, the mortality, and the mean survival time were as follows: corn-oil controls (0), euthanatized at 25 days; AFB1-controls (2), 21 days; AFB1 and saline controls (2), 22 days; cysteine and AFB1 (5), 13 days; methionine and AFB1 (5), 12 days; sodium thiosulfate and AFB1 (2), 21 days; sulfadimethoxine and AFB1 (1), 24 days; oxytetracycline and AFB1 (0), euthanatized at 25 days; and ethyl maleate and AFB1 (3), 21 days. Clinical signs of toxicosis included decreased feed consumption during AFB1 administration, loss of body weight or failure to gain, and death. Clinicopathologic changes included increases in serum bilirubin concentration and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. Prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times were lengthened. Plasma fibrinogen concentration was decreased. Changes in PCV, hemoglobin concentration, and serum alkaline phosphatase were unremarkable. Oxytetracycline had protective effects against chronic aflatoxicosis in rabbits. Cysteine and methionine enhanced chronic aflatoxicosis. PMID- 6807143 TI - Properties of cell wall antigens of virulent Brucella canis and a less mucoid variant of reduced pathogenicity. AB - Properties of cell wall antigenic extracts of 2 Brucella canis strains (wild type, M+; and a less mucoid variant, M-) were compared. Cell wall antigens of each strain were extracted by 2 different methods and compared with respect to their serologic, chromatographic, and surface properties. In addition, selected enzymes were used to compare antigen sensitivity to degradation. Analysis of extracted antigens was done by gel immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. Two cell wall antigens (2-R and 3-R) were present in extracts of wild type (M+) B canis that had been treated with hot (65 C) phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBSS). Three cell wall antigens (2-S, 3A-S, 3B-S) were revealed in saline extracts of the M- variant. Hot (100 C) 1% sodium deoxycholate extracted an additional antigen (1-R or 1-S) from cells (M+ or M-, respectively) which had previously been treated with hot PBSS. Certain properties of the B canis antigen extracts were examined by ion exchange chromatography, agarose gel chromatography, affinity chromatography, and enzyme degradation. Hydrophobic properties of the cell wall antigens were examined by their behavior in divalent cation, polyethylene glycol, and acid solutions. The antigens of B canis (M+) cells extracted with hot PBSS were smaller in size, had a lower net negative charge, and were more hydrophobic than those of the M- cells. PMID- 6807141 TI - Induction of immunologic memory by a lipopolysaccharide-protein complex isolated from Fusobacterium necrophorum: humoral response. AB - The serum antibody response in BALB/c mice to a lipopolysaccharide-protein (LPS P) complex was monitored by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, total and 2 mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutination, and radial immunodiffusion. Dose response analyses demonstrated that suitable primary doses of LPS-P injected IV or IM induced substantial concentrautions of specific serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG. Moreover, these values were greatly enhanced with small-dose booster injections. Inoculation of mice with a suitable primary IM dose of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated LPS-P-induced specific IgM and IgG amounts that were detectable for 120 days. An enhanced secondary response to antigen booster injections was generated 105 days after primary inoculation, providing direct evidence that LPS-P can induce immunologic memory. Similar results were obtained for IV inoculations of LPS-P, although the primary IgG response was not as persistent. Seemingly, the memory response to LPS-P was largely dependent on the protein component of the molecule. PMID- 6807144 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and measurement of antibody titer in horse serum. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies against a serologically common antigen (original endotoxin protein), protease, and elastase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The P aeruginosa antibody in horse sera was measured, using ELISA. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit anti-horse IgM and IgG antibodies were used for enzyme labeled antibody conjugate. 5-Aminosalicylic acid and H2O2 were used for substrate. Sera collected from a vaccinated horse, a newborn foal, and 72 healthy racehorses were investigated for antibodies against P aeruginosa by ELISA and passive hemagglutination procedure. Changes in IgM and IgG antibody titers with vaccination were clear by ELISA. In the newborn foal, significant amounts of IgM and IgG antibodies from colostrum were present on the 1st day after birth. It was shown by ELISA that the level of antibodies in the newborn decreased initially and then increased. Some antibodies against original endotoxin protein, protease, and elastase of P aeruginosa were detected in almost all the healthy racehorses investigated. PMID- 6807145 TI - Experimental transmission of Cytauxzoon felis from bobcats (Lynx rufus) to domestic cats (Felis domesticus). AB - Freshly collected blood and/or spleen homogenate from an experimentally infected Florida bobcat (Lynx rufus floridanus), which had died of feline cytauxzoonosis, was inoculated into domestic cats. All inoculated cats had clinical signs of feline cytauxzoonosis and died within 2 weeks after they were inoculated. Similar material collected from an eastern bobcat (Lynx rufus rufus) carrying an experimentally infected Cytauxzoon felis parasitemia was inoculated into domestic cats. All inoculated cats developed a parasitemia, but none developed clinical signs of disease and none died of the disease. Cats subinoculated with parasitemic cat blood also developed parasitemias and they too did not develop clinical signs of infection nor died. After carrying the blood phase of Cytauxzoon felis for various periods, the domestic cats were then challenge exposed with proven lethal Cytauxzoon inoculum of domestic cat origin. All cats died of cytauxzoonosis. PMID- 6807147 TI - Purification and partial characterization of a macrophage cytotoxin from Pasteurella haemolytica. AB - A protein from Pasteurella haemolytica that was highly immunogenic and toxic toward bovine alveolar macrophages was partially purified. When isolated from culture supernatants of P haemolytica serotype 1 or serotype 6, the protein reacted on Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests with antisera from 12 serotypes of P haemolytica, but did not cross-react with antisera to serotypes of P multocida. This indicated that the protein may be specific for P haemolytica. Bacteria were grown in dialysis culture in a brain-heart infusion and calf-serum growth medium. The protein was isolated from the medium by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography and has a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 daltons. The protein, which is highly immunogenic and has the characteristics of a virulence factor, is common to all serotypes of P haemolytica, and may be an effective agent for immunization against P haemolytica in cattle. PMID- 6807146 TI - Effect of some enzyme inducers, fluids, and methionine-thiosulfate on induced acute aflatoxicosis in goats. AB - Groups of four 6- to 12-month-old male goats were injected intraruminally with a lethal dose (3 mg/kg of body weight) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Drugs were administered parenterally before (pretreatment) or beginning 8 hours after goats were doses with AFB1. These drugs were phenobarbital (PB), phenylbutazone (PBZ), piperonyl butoxide (PRO), benzoflavones, water, and 5% glucose solution (D5W). Most groups given the drugs after AFB1 was administered also were given intraperitoneal injections of methionine-sodium thiosulfate (MET-TS) solution. Clinical signs of toxicosis, serum aspartate aminotransferase activities, serum bilirubin concentrations, duration of illness, mortality, and gross and microscopic pathologic findings taken together indicated that toxicosis was increased with MET-TS + PB therapy, PBZ pretreatment, PBZ therapy, benzoflavone pretreatment, benzoflavone therapy, MET-TS + benzoflavone therapy, and MET-tS + water therapy. Toxicosis was not altered appreciably by MET-TS + PBO therapy. Beneficial effects (less severe toxicosis) were produced by PB pretreatment; these effects were prolonged maintenance of strength, vigor, and appetite and (in 1 goat that recovered) absence of pathologic changes or serum bilirubin increase. Therapy with MET-TS + D5W (but not MET-TS alone) also lengthened maintenance of strength, vigor, and appetite, but did not prevent pathologic changes. The beneficial effect of MET-TS therapy reported in a previous study (AFB2 dosage of 4 mg/kg) was not observed with the 3 mg/kg lethal dose. In conclusion, therapy for acute aflatoxicosis with inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes is ineffective (PBO) or contraindicated (PB, PBZ, benzoflavones). Therapy with D5W may be a useful adjunct to other therapeutic drugs, but multiple intraperitoneal injections of D5W may decrease survival time because of stress. PMID- 6807148 TI - Carboxyhemoglobin values in swine relative to carbon monoxide exposure: guidelines for monitoring animal and human health hazards in swine-confinement buildings. AB - Miniature pigs were exposed, in an environmental chamber, to 55 mg of CO/m3 of air, 110 mg/m3, 220 mg/m3, or 330 mg/m3. Blood samples were taken from the swine every hour over an exposure period of 6 or 8 hours. After the pigs were removed from the chamber, blood samples were taken every 30 minutes for an additional 3 hours. The blood samples were measured by spectrophotometry for the amount of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb). On exposure to CO, the COHb values in the pigs increased in a linear fashion during the first 2 hours, then began to level off, reaching a peak concentration at 6 to 8 hours. The percentage of COHb in the blood after 6 hours' exposure to the different amounts of CO were as follows: 55 mg/m3 - 5%, 110 mg/m3 - 10.5%, 220 mg/m3 - 20%, and 330 mg/m3 - 27.2%. There was a linear relationship between the amount of CO exposure and the peak blood value of COHb. The present data provide guidelines for the use of COHb measurement in swine as a means to monitor the environment in swine-confinement buildings for potentially dangerous amounts of CO for swine and persons and to aid in the diagnosis of CO-induced perinatal disease in swine. PMID- 6807149 TI - Comparison of three different preparations of disodium cromoglycate in the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm: a double-blind study. AB - In its usual form, disodium cromoglycate (DSG) contains lactose as a carrier (DSGL +). It has been suggested that lactose may effect irritant receptor sites, thus causing a degree of bronchoconstriction or less blocking of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB). This study was designed to assess and compare the ability of three different forms of DSG to block EIB. Eighteen asthmatic children and adolescents were given either DSGL+ by Spinhaler, DSG without lactose (DSGL-) by Spinhaler, nebulized (and also lactose-free) DSG solution (DSGN), or placebo in a randomized double-blind fashion on four occasions within a 10-day period. Pulmonary function tests were performed before and after medication and again after a standardized treadmill exercise test. After the exercise that followed treatment with each form of DSG the decreases in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were significantly less than that seen after treatment with placebo. There was no significant difference between any of the three preparations of DSG. A complete block of EIB (decreases in PEFR and FEV1 of less than 12.5% and 10%, respectively) was seen in ony 11% of studies using all forms of DSG however, DSG was considered to be 'clinically effective' in 59% of studies. PMID- 6807152 TI - The acute effects of 0.2 ppm ozone in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Epidemiologic data suggest that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) might be more sensitive than normal persons to the respiratory effects of oxidant pollutant exposure. Our study was designed to determine the response of patients with COPD to ozone. Thirteen white men with nonreversible airways obstruction (mean FEV1/FVC, 58%), of whom 8 were current smokers, were randomly exposed for 2 h to air and to 0.2 ppm ozone on 2 consecutive days using a single-blind crossover design. During either exposure, subjects exercised for 7.5 min every 30 min. Measures of respiratory mechanics obtained pre-exposure and postexposure were not significantly affected by either exposure. Similarly, ventilation and gas exchange measured during exercise showed no difference either between exercise periods or exposure days. However, arterial O2 saturation (SaO2), measured by ear oximetry during the final exercise period each day was lower (94.8%) at the end of O2 exposure, than SaO2 obtained at the end of air exposure (95.3%), the difference (0.48%) being significant (p = 0.008). Because normal subjects undergoing comparable exposures show a threshold for respiratory mechanical effects at about 0.3 ppm ozone, our data suggest that mild to moderate COPD is not associated with increased sensitivity to low ozone concentrations. However, our data do not rule out the possibility that the response of such subjects might be exaggerated at higher ozone concentrations. The consistent (in 11 of 13 subjects), though small, decrease in SaO2 may indicate that indexes of ventilation/perfusion distribution might be more sensitive measures of ozone effect in this compromised patient group than are conventional respiratory mechanics measures. PMID- 6807151 TI - Bacteriophage types of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the United States. AB - Strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from various geographic areas within the continental United States were typed according to their susceptibility to 4 mycobacteriophages. Of 462 wild isolates studied, 34% were phage type 1 (previously designated A0), 42% were type 2 (A1), 2.6% were type 5 (A4), 13% were type 7 (A6), and 20.1% were type 8 (B). Distribution of types was essentially unaffected by geographic location, sex, age, or ethnic origin of the patient or by resistance of the isolate to antituberculosis drugs. Major types were further divided by susceptibility of the strains to lysis by 8 auxiliary phages, 2 of which were phages newly evaluated in this study. A new numbering system is proposed for designating major phage types of M. tuberculosis. PMID- 6807150 TI - Ventilatory and arousal responses to hypoxia in sleeping humans. AB - We measured ventilatory and arousal responses to progressive eucapnic hypoxia during wakefulness, nonrapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep, and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep using a progressive isocapnic rebreathing method. Nine healthy adults (4 female, 5 male) slept with a mask glued to the face with medical silicone rubber and breathed from a closed valveless biased flow circuit, including an in line bag-in-box and a variable soda-lime absorber. Progressive hypoxia was induced by consumption of oxygen and by gradual replacement of circuit volume with nitrogen. Tidal volume was measured by electrical integration of the flow signal from a pneumotach on the box. Arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SaO2) was measured with an ear oximeter and end-tidal CO2 tension (PetCO2) was measured continuously and kept constant by variable absorption. Sleep state was identified using standard criteria with 2 channels each of EEG, submental EMG, and EOG. There was marked variability in arousal level both in NREM and REM sleep, with subjects failing to awaken by 70% SaO2, our previously agreed safety limit, on 12 of 26 NREM tests, and 7 of 15 REM tests. During wakefulness, the mean slope +/- SEM of the ventilatory response to hypoxia was 0.68 +/- 0.07 L/min% SaO2 (n = 36, mean PetCO2 = 37.0 mmHg). In NREM sleep, this response decreased to a mean of 0.42 +/- 0.06 L/min/% SaO2 (n = 26, mean PetCO2 = 37.2 mmHg). In REM sleep, the average ventilatory response was further decreased to 0.33 +/- 0.06 L/min/% SaO2 (n = 15, mean PetCO2 = 37.8 mmHg). Analysis of variance showed a significant state-dependent effect on ventilatory response (p less than 0.01). The wake-NREM and wake-REM differences were significantly different (p less than 0.05), but the NREM-REM difference was not (p greater than 0.2). In REM sleep, breath-to-breath variability was marked, and in 2 cases, the response was not significantly different from zero. In all 3 states, the entire ventilatory response was due to increments in tidal volume. We conclude that (1) at normal alveolar CO2 tension, hypoxia is a poor arousal stimulus in humans, both in NREM and REM sleep, and (2) the eucapnic hypoxic response is reduced but present in NREM sleep and similarly reduced but not always present in REM sleep. PMID- 6807153 TI - The effects of expiratory positive airway pressure on the resolution of oleic acid-induced lung injury in dogs. AB - It is not known whether positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) merely improves gas exchange in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome or also affects the resolution of their lung injury. We examined the effects of expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP), a form of PEEP, on 13 pairs of spontaneously breathing mongrel dogs with permanent tracheostomies that were subjected to acute lung injury from oleic acid. One member of each pair was treated with 10 cm H2O EPAP by means of a special valve attached to its tracheostomy tube; the other member breathed through the tracheostomy tube alone. The EPAP was applied 3 h after an intravenous injection of 0.06 ml/kg oleic acid and continued for a total of 21 h. Functional residual capacity (FRC) was increased to preinjury values in the EPAP-treated dogs at 3, 12, and 24 h compared with that in the untreated dogs. The PaO2 was higher and the venous admixture (Qva/QT) was lower in the EPAP-treated dogs compared with that in the untreated dogs at 3 and at 12 h. However, over the 7 days after removal of EPAP no significant differences were noted between the 2 groups in FRC, PaO2, Qva/QT, inert gas elimination profiles, mortality, final lung compliance to initial lung compliance differences, lung water to dry lung weight ratios, or histologic features. We conclude that EPAP improves gas exchange during its administration but has no demonstrable effect on the resolution of lung injury induced by oleic acid in dogs. PMID- 6807154 TI - The effect of respiratory distress syndrome on chest wall movements and respiratory pauses in preterm infants. PMID- 6807155 TI - Effects of airway anesthesia on pattern of breathing and blood gases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. AB - To assess the role played by airway receptors in the genesis of rapid and shallow breathing of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we studied the effects of airway anesthesia in 14 patients with COPD during acute respiratory failure. Airway anesthesia was performed by fiberoptic xylocaine administration from the larynx to the subsegmental bronchi, all patients being intubated or tracheostomized. A small decrease in minute ventilation of 6 +/- 1% of the control values occurred after airway anesthesia. This was due to a decrease (p less than 0.01) in respiratory frequency (f) (14.5 +/- 1%). The latter resulted from an increase (p less than 0.0005) in the expiratory time, whereas the inspiratory time did not change significantly. On the other hand, tidal volume increased (p less than 0.02) by 10.1 +/- 0.6%. In all patients, these modifications were accompanied by arterial blood gas deterioration, mean PaO2 and PaCO2 of 42 +/- 3 mmHg and 62 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively, 15 min after xylocaine administration, as compared with 48 +/- 2 mmHg and 54 +/- 2 mmHg, respectively, during the control period. No correlation was found between the changes in minute ventilation and PaO2 or PaCO2. We conclude that (1) activation of airway receptors are involved in the determination of the rapid and shallow breathing observed in patients with COPD during acute respiratory failure, and (2) airway xylocaine anesthesia that worsens arterial blood gases is contraindicated in these patients. PMID- 6807157 TI - Phage typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a time for standardization. PMID- 6807156 TI - Progressive improvement of apnea index and ventilatory response to CO2 after tracheostomy in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. AB - In order to determine whether reversible alterations in ventilatory control are found in obstructive sleep apnea syndromes, 5 male patients 31 to 57 yr of age presenting with the syndrome were polygraphically monitored before and several times during the 6 months after tracheostomy. They also had a hypercapnic ventilatory response study before surgery and again 3 months after surgery during the daytime. A dramatic decrease in overall apnea index was seen immediately after surgery, but the number of central apneas and the central apnea index did not reach low values until several months after tracheostomy. Ventilatory response to CO2 improved in all cases after surgery. PMID- 6807158 TI - Progressive and transient hypoxic ventilatory drive tests in healthy subjects. AB - In order to ascertain the correlation between progressive and transient hypoxic ventilatory drive tests, 18 healthy subjects were tested by both methods, and the results were compared. Sudden cessation of steady-state hypoxia was done in 9 of the subjects to determine if an exaggerated central depressant effect of hypoxia might occur in some persons during progressive testing and explain a low response to progressive hypoxia. Because the progressive hypoxia test is frequently used in evaluating the effects of therapeutic interventions on ventilatory drive, the reproducibility of this test over time was also evaluated in 10 subjects. THere was a significant correlation between the results of the progressive and transient hypoxic tests when data from 17 of the 18 subjects were compared by linear regression analysis (r = 0.56, p less than 0.05). In 1 of 18 subjects, the ventilatory response to progressive hypoxia was quite low, whereas the response to transient hypoxia was high, and this can possibly be explained by an exaggerated central depressant effect of hypoxia. The progressive hypoxia test is quite reproducible (variance = 0.0092) over a 5- to 7-month period. We conclude that the use of progressive or transient hypoxic ventilatory drive tests will result in similar conclusions regarding the hypoxic ventilatory drive in most persons. In addition, the progressive hypoxia test can be reliably used to evaluate the effects of therapeutic interventions on hypoxic ventilatory drive. PMID- 6807160 TI - Operative cholangiography. The case for selective instead of routine operative cholangiography. AB - The role of routine operative cholangiography was studied prospectively in 124 surgical patients undergoing cholecystectomy over a 23-month period. The reliability of preoperative and operative clinical risk factors for common bile duct (CBD) pathology were correlated with the operative and cholangiographic findings. Though several of these clinical risk factors (jaundice, dilated CBD, elevated alkaline phosphotase) were present in over 80 per cent of the patients with CBD pathology, none had an overall predictive accuracy greater than 40 per cent. The operative cholangiogram was superior to the clinical criteria in distinguishing patients with common bile duct pathology from those patients with disease limited to the gallbladder provided that a dilated CBD was not considered an absolute indication for CBD exploration. Operative cholangiography was the best overall screening test for identifying patients with CBD pathology. A subgroup of patients was identified in whom this screening test was not needed. Of our study group, 44 per cent had no clinical risk factors for CBD pathology present, and no unsuspected CBD calculi were found by the use of routine cholangiography in any of these patients. Based on this clinical study and a critical review of the current literature, adequate evidence to support the policy of routine operative cholangiography was not found. In fact, a policy of selective cholangiography performed only on patients clinically at risk of having CBD pathology appears indicated. This approach would not only decrease the incidence of negative CBD exploration, but also would reduce the overall cost of cholecystectomy by 52 million dollars annually without any increase in patient risk. PMID- 6807161 TI - Hypercapnia in hyperalimentation. PMID- 6807159 TI - Plasma volume expansion in canine pneumococcal pneumonia: its effects on respiratory gas exchange and pneumonia size. AB - Patients with pneumococcal pneumonia are often given fluids intravenously for hydration and maintenance of circulating blood volume. We studied the effects of plasma volume expansion on respiratory gas exchange and pneumonia size in a canine model of lobar pneumonia. Seven ventilated anesthetized dogs (Group T) with left lower lobe pneumococcal pneumonia were infused with dextran 75 in 0.9% saline solution to increase the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure to 10 mmHg for 3 h. These were compared with 7 control dogs (Group C) with left lower lobe pneumonia. Measurements of cardiac output, intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT), and lobar distribution of perfusion were taken at baseline (B), immediately after volume infusion (V), and 3 h later (F); similar intervals were used in control animals. In Group T, QS/QT increased significantly from 24% at B to 34% at F. Part of this increase in QS/QT occurred immediately after volume infusion (29% at V) and was associated with the concomitant increase in cardiac output (4.7 L/min at B to 10.6 L/min at F). In Group C, there were no changes in cardiac output or QS/QT. At autopsy, mean wet weight for both lower lobes in Group T were greater than in Group C. Accordingly, small elevations in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure associated with fluid administration caused large increases in lobar wet weights. At least in part, these increases represented transudation of plasma and crystalloid into alveolar spaces and suggested large increases in extravascular lung liquid flux from inflamed vessels in infected lung. PMID- 6807162 TI - Vaginal physiology during menstruation. AB - We studied 18 young healthy women on the second, fourth, and 14th day of their menstrual cycle. Vaginal fluid was collected for measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide tension (PO2 and PCO2) and specimens were collected for bacteriologic examination. The vaginal pH was measured at four different sites and the redox potential was measured in the top of the vagina. Staphylococcus aureus was found in three women. The PO2 ranged from 0 to 77 mm Hg on day 2; 0 to 76 mm Hg on day 4; and 0 to 53 mm Hg on day 14. The mean PCO2 (+/- SE) was 46 +/- 2 mm Hg on day 2; 62 +/- 4.5 mm Hg on day 4; and 50.6 +/- 8.5 mm Hg on day 14. The mean vaginal pH (+/- SE) was significantly higher on day 2 (6.6 +/- 0.3) compared with day 4 (5.3 +/- 0.3) and day 14 (4.2 +/- 0.2). The redox potential was significantly higher on day 14 compared with day 2 and day 4. No differences were found in values of women who took birth control pills and those of the women who did not. PMID- 6807163 TI - Gonorrhea in female adolescents: potential analogies to toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6807164 TI - Cerebral edema and diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6807165 TI - Familial thyroxine-excess syndrome. PMID- 6807166 TI - Penicillin-resistant gonococcal arthritis. A report of four cases. PMID- 6807168 TI - Isolation and characterization of inhibin from human seminal plasma. PMID- 6807169 TI - The metabolic role of peroxisomes in Tetrahymena. PMID- 6807167 TI - Alteration in the plasma testosterone: estradiol ratio: an alternative to the inhibin hypothesis. AB - The data suggest that in the absence of the testis: (1) testosterone can maintain both FSH and LH concentrations chronically within the physiological range; (2) that estradiol preferentially suppresses plasma LH concentration, indicating that the androgenic component of testosterone modulates FSH secretion; and (3) that subphysiological testosterone concentrations accompanied by physiological estradiol levels permit FSH to escape to midcastrate levels while maintaining LH concentration at intact levels. An alteration in the testosterone: estradiol ratio can account for a selective FSH elevation when testosterone production is low. The data provide an alternative explanation for the inhibin phenomenon. PMID- 6807170 TI - National Medical Care Expenditure Survey. PMID- 6807171 TI - The neural origins of human event-related potentials. PMID- 6807173 TI - Binocular neurons and cyclopean visually evoked potentials in monkey and man. PMID- 6807172 TI - The relationship of visual evoked potentials to cortical physiology. PMID- 6807174 TI - Properties of localized pattern evoked potentials. PMID- 6807175 TI - Neutrophils: release of mediators of inflammation with special reference to rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The encounter of neutrophils with immune complexes and complement components, in the bulk phase or on a surface, leads to their secretion of lysosomal hydrolases, especially neutral proteases, which provoke tissue injury. Secretion of lysosomal enzymes and generation of reactive oxygen species (e.g., O(2)) is part of a stimulus-secretion response to a variety of secretagogues, including immune complexes and complement components. However, the pathways of secretion and O(2) generation are stimulus-specific and can be dissected to establish cause and effect relationships by means of: a) kinetic analysis, b) variations in the stimulus, and c) use of impermeant reagents to block discrete responses. Neutrophils also generate products of 11-cyclooxygenase (e.g., PGE2, TxA2) and of the 5-and 15-lipoxygenases (mono-, di-, and tri-HETEs, LTB4, and their isomers). But the cyclooxygenase products (save TxA2) are not phlogistic by themselves: they inhibit the functions of neutrophils, platelets, macrophages, and mast cells. The most potent pro-inflammatory agent yet identified as a product of arachidonate is LTB4. LTB4 is a potent Ca ionophore, constricts airways, is a potent chemoattractant, and induces local inflammation. PMID- 6807176 TI - The biology of SAA: identification of the inducer, in vitro synthesis, and heterogeneity demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Continued studies of the macrophage-derived mediator of SAA synthesis (SAA Stimulating Factor) confirm our previous observations that SAASF copurified with leukocytic pyrogen (LP) and lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). Moreover, new data demonstrate three separate isoelectric points for human LP-LAF-SAASF each of which possess the three biological activities. During the purification of 15,000 MW LP from crude stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants, only those fractions with pyrogenic activity in rabbits caused augmented stimulation of lymphocytes (LAF) and induced SAA synthesis in mice. Purified human LP stimulated isolated mouse hepatocytes in vitro to synthesize SAA in a dose-responsive manner. Colchicine treatment of hepatocytes led to decreased secretion of SAA into the medium and to an intracellular accumulation of SAA. Messenger RNA was isolated from the livers of endotoxin-stimulated mice and translated in a wheat-germ cell free system. A major product was identified at 13-14,000 MW. Immunoprecipitation with anti-mouse AA identified several bands on autoradiography of polyacrylamide gels. These larger SAA precursors may account for the previously noted heterogeneity of human SAA, comprising at least 6 SAA isomers, of similar molecular weight but different solubility and electrophoretic charge characteristics. Two monoclonal antibodies (IgM-K and IgG1-K) have been prepared using standard cell hybridization techniques. They are directed at the variable COOH terminal region of SAA since they detect differences between the 6 human SAAs but do not react with human, monkey, dog or mouse AA proteins, human AP, C reactive protein, IgG nor albumin. These antibodies will be useful in examining the origin, structure and function of SAA. PMID- 6807177 TI - The role of interleukin 1 in acute phase serum amyloid A (SAA) and serum amyloid P (SAP) biosynthesis. AB - The acute phase SAA and SAP profiles have been compared for localized and endotoxin induced inflammation in LPS responder and nonresponder strains of mice. The SAP profile can reflect a delay with respect to the start of the increase. Its maximum is on the order of ten times the nonacute phase concentration and elevated concentrations are sustained 24 to 48 hours after SAA concentration is rapidly decreasing to normal. The role of Interleukin 1, known to have an essential role in SAA production, was investigated for SAP production. Purified mouse IL 1 and rabbit IL 1 produced a minimal elevation of SAP concentration above normal values, especially when compared with their effects on SAA concentration. BCG infection was shown to synergistically augment SAA induction by LPS and was shown to enhance IL 1 production by macrophages in response to LPS. Unlike SAA synthesis, BCG-preinfection fails to synergistically augment the LPS-induced SAP response. BCG infection alone produced highly elevated and sustained increases in SAP concentration, whereas, the effect on SAA concentration was minimal. Macrophages appear to play an important role in SAP acute phase elevation, but the mechanism in different from that of SAA elevation. PMID- 6807178 TI - The structure and binding characteristics of serum amyloid protein (9.5S alpha 1 glycoprotein). AB - No difference have been observed in the properties of amyloid P-component (AP) and its serum counterpart (SAP) which might account for the deposition of the former in amyloidosis. Purified by nonselective techniques, preparations of AP and SAP were shown to have similar molecular weights and peptide composition, identical morphology in the electron microscope (EM) and to be antigenically indistinguishable. Both proteins were soluble in EDTA but readily precipitated in the presence of calcium ions, forming characteristic two-dimensional arrays in the EM. In serum however, SAP was not aggregated and sedimented at 9.5S in Ca2+ as did the purified protein in EDTA. Precipitation of purified SAP by calcium could be prevented by pretreatment with acid hydrolysates of agarose or SP Sephadex, matrices for which SAP has a calcium-dependent affinity. It is proposed that SAP circulates in combination with a low molecular weight natural ligand which prevents its aggregation. While the identity of natural ligand for SAP is as yet unknown, it is likely to resemble the glycosidic subunits in agarose. PMID- 6807179 TI - Leukocytic pyrogen: a major mediator of the acute phase reaction. AB - The acute phase reaction is initiated and regulated by leukocytic pyrogen which is released by activated host phagocytes at inflammatory sites during inflammatory reactions of any etiology. The physiological alterations which follow include, in addition to the characteristic acute phase protein changes, fever, granulocytosis, fall in serum iron and zinc, metabolic stimulation of blood granulocytes, activation of T-cell function and doubtless other effects as yet unrecognized. These responses are mediated by free or by protein-bound LP molecules and reflect both direct receptor coupled effects and more indirect mechanisms such as release of secondary mediators from cells or body fluids and involvement of neural or neurohumoral pathways. This unitarian hypothesis implies a functional interrelationship between the component parts, and allows a model for critical examination and new hypothesis testing. The wider availability of pure preparations of LP and of possible subtypes of LP and of a sensitive immunoassay would help us to prove or to expand this hypothesis and to advance our understanding of this important phase of acute inflammation. Earlier in this conference we heard that the mediator derepresses a message: I'd like to put forward the idea that in the acute phase reaction the mediator is the message. PMID- 6807180 TI - Characterization of a leukocyte-derived endogenous mediator responsible for increased plasma fibrinogen. AB - Fibrinogen has been the plasma protein most frequently studied after tissue injury. This report presents evidence that leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) from macrophages promotes fibrinogen synthesis. LEM has a molecular weight of 13,000-16,000, an isoelectric point (pI) at pH 7.3, is heat labile, and is inactivated by trypsin or sulfhydryl reactive agents. LEM not only promotes increased synthesis of acute phase proteins, but also causes increased neutrophilia and alterations in metal metabolism. There is considerable evidence that LEM may be the same protein as endogenous pyrogen and Interleukin 1 (IL-1). There was no increase in plasma fibrinogen when endotoxin was injected in C3H/HeJ mice; however, this strain of mice responded the same as normal mice to injections of LEM. This provides further evidence that LEM is the endogenous mediator for acute phase protein synthesis during tissue injury. The half-life of LEM is still circulation following its iv injection into rats was less than 10 minutes. There is still considerable doubt about the mechanism LEM uses in promoting increased hepatocyte synthesis of fibrinogen. Some evidence indicates a direct action of LEM upon the hepatocyte, whereas other data suggest an indirect role through other mediators or the central nervous system. In addition to LEM with pI of 7.3, there are proteins with a pI near 5 that will increase plasma fibrinogen. These proteins also have a molecular weight between 13,000 to 16,000 but do not have essential sulfhydryl groups. These proteins also have pyrogenic and IL-1 activities. LEM shows a limited amount of species specificity. For example, the pI 7 LEM prepared from human monocytes or rabbit peritoneal leukocytes will increase plasma fibrinogen in rats, mice, and rabbits; but the pI 5 LEM from rabbits is inactive in rats. PMID- 6807181 TI - Bilateral middle ear carcinomas associated with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. AB - A case of bilateral middle ear squamous cell carcinomas with concurrent Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is described. An increased incidence of malignant tumors occurring in patients with this potentially fatal, chronic lymphoproliferative disorder is well recognized, but the association with an otological tumor has not previously been reported. The relationship between the two conditions is discussed. PMID- 6807182 TI - Fibrous dysplasia: a review of the disease and its manifestations in the temporal bone. AB - Fibrous dysplasia is a fairly common, localized misdifferentiation of the bone forming mesenchyme affecting a single or many bones, in which skeletal aberrations represent the cardinal feature, but in which certain endocrinopathies, abnormal pigmentation of skin and mucous membrane, and occasionally other abnormalities form part of the entire disease process. The craniofacial skeleton is one of its predilective sites and therefore the temporal bone may become involved. In such instances the disease manifests itself with 1) progressive loss of hearing, 2) increasing obliteration of the external ear canal, and 3) enlargement and distortion of the temporal bone. The first part of this communication is concerned with a review of the clinical and pathological aspects of the disease in general. The second part is concerned with a discussion of the clinical manifestations in the temporal bone, based upon analysis of the entire literature and the authors' personal experience. The indications for surgical intervention include 1) maintenance of a normal outer ear canal, 2) preservation of cochlear and vestibular function, and 3) prevention of secondary complications. PMID- 6807183 TI - Experimental otitis media in chinchillas. I. Baseline immunological investigation. AB - Baseline immunological data on the chinchilla were obtained, and a detailed method for purification of each immunoglobulin is described. Antiserum to each chinchilla immunoglobulin was made by immunizing rabbits with immunoglobulins purified from serum and colostrum. The main classes of serum immunoglobulins in the chinchilla are G, A, and M, similar to those in other rodents and humans. The immunohistochemical study showed that the distribution of immunocytes in lymphoid organs is similar to that of other rodents and humans. In the eustachian tube the glandular acinar cells were distinctly positive for IgA staining. A few IgA forming cells and very rare IgG- and IgM-forming cells were found in the eustachian tube mucosa, but all were very rare in the middle ear mucosa. These findings suggest that the secretory immune system of the chinchilla eustachian tube may be active in the normal state and that the local immune system of the normal middle ear mucosa may be latent but could become active following antigenic stimulation. PMID- 6807185 TI - Neurofibromatosis-distribution of lesions and surgical treatment. PMID- 6807184 TI - Experimental otitis media in chinchillas. II. Comparison of the middle ear immune responses to S pneumoniae types 3 and 23. AB - The present study shows that two different serotypes of Streptococus pneumoniae (type 3 and 23) when inoculated through the bulla elicit distinctly different immune responses in chinchillas. The passive hemagglutination assay shows that type 3 is a better immunogen than type 23 and that type 3 primarily elicits immune responses in the middle ear. When class-specific antibody activity was measured with the red cell linked antigen-antibody reaction test, antibody activities of serum IgG to type 3 slightly declined and of effusion IgM and IgA to type 3 increased following type 3 infection, whereas following type 23 infection antibody activities of serum IgG to type 23 increased and no antibody activities of IgA and IgM to type 23 were present in the effusions. PMID- 6807186 TI - [Effect of ewe age on colostral immunoglobulin transfer to the lamb (author's transl)]. AB - The plasmatic IgG concentrations were determined on 56 two-day old lambs and related to ewe age. They were found to increase slowly until the ewe was six years old (43.4 g/l) and then fall rapidly (11.2 g/l between eight to ten years of age). Colostral IgG concentrations at lambing were independent of ewe age but the older the dam, the lower their decrease between 0 and 12 hours after lambing. Less suckling activity by lambs from older ewes could explain this result. The high mortality rate of lambs born to older ewes observed in this flock might result from insufficient colostral transfer. PMID- 6807187 TI - A regional external quality assessment scheme for serum thyroxine-binding globulin. AB - The results from a Regional External Quality Assessment Scheme for the assay of serum thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) are presented. It has been shown that different methods of analysis (eg, rocket immuno-electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, and radial immunodiffusion) produce comparable results using a common calibrant. Since there is no commonly agreed universal calibrant for TBG, however, results (in mg/l) for various assay systems with differing methods of calibration show wide variance. PMID- 6807190 TI - Effects of selenium on mouse mammary tumorigenesis and glutathione peroxidase activity. AB - The effects of supplemental selenium on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced and murine mammary tumor virus (MuMTV)-induced mammary tumorigenesis were investigated in BALB/c mice. Selenium (4-10 ppm), administered in the drinking water, inhibited mammary tumor formation in DMBA-treated mice. The higher doses of selenium (7-10 ppm) were tolerated well by the DMBA-treated mice and blocked mammary tumor formation by 80-90%. In addition, selenium at the lowest dose (4 ppm) inhibited the tumor-producing capabilities of a MuMTV-positive preneoplastic nodule outgrowth line by greater than 75%. The inhibition of tumor formation could not be attributed to an alteration in virus expression because there was no qualitative difference in the expression of of MuMTV proteins between selenium treated and -untreated mice. Additionally, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was detectable in normal virgin and preneoplastic mammary tissues of mice raised on a commercial diet and was increased 2-fold by 4 ppm supplemental selenium in the drinking water. These results demonstrate that supplemental selenium is an effective inhibitor of both chemical- and viral induced mouse mammary tumorigenesis, and secondly, that the neoplastic transformation in, as well as the development of, preneoplastic lesions is sensitive to selenium-mediated inhibition. PMID- 6807189 TI - Assessment of nutritional proteins during the parenteral nutrition of cancer patients. AB - Albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin were all measured on the sera of 39 cancer patients before and during parenteral nutrition (PN). At the outset of PN, the concentrations of all of these proteins were low, as compared to reference values, and thus quantitatively reflected the degree of malnutrition. Prealbumin proved to be the most interesting parameter during PN: (1) during an initial period it rapidly reflects the nutritional input, and (2) after two weeks of PN it allows differentiation of patients whose prealbumin level rises regularly during PN and will survive from those patients whose prealbumin level drops after the initial period and will die during or within the month following PN. Prealbumin thus offers a means for biochemical monitoring of PN as well as having a prognostic value. PMID- 6807188 TI - Diagnosis of congenital dysproteinemias. PMID- 6807191 TI - Inborn errors of metabolism. AB - Inborn errors of metabolism often cause neurological dysfunction. These disorders are most common in childhood, but adult-onset forms with a different clinical presentation are encountered, examples being Pompe disease, Tay-Sachs disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy, Gaucher disease, and Maroteaux-Lamy disease. In the evaluation of a patient with a possible inborn error of metabolism, simple screening tests may aid in the diagnosis and provide direction for more comprehensive laboratory analysis. In most cases, diagnosis can be established without a brain biopsy through biochemical and ultrastructural analysis of peripheral tissues, blood, and urine. New clinical, genetic, and biochemical variants of inherited metabolic disorders are being recognized through wider application of screening tests, improved specificity of laboratory analysis, cell complementation experiments, and the identification of enzyme activator factors. Accurate diagnosis is important for medical management, determining prognosis, and genetic counseling. PMID- 6807192 TI - Regulation of local cerebral blood flow in normal and hypoxic newborn dogs. AB - Local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) was measured autoradiographically in newborn puppies by an indicator fractionation technique using 4-iodo-[14C]antipyrine as the diffusible indicator. Measurements were obtained in unanesthetized, normotensive animals, and the sensitivity of blood flow to hypercapnia and acute hypoxia was determined in 32 brain structures. LCBF in normal and hypoxic puppies was correlated with local cerebral glucose utilization (LCGU) obtained under the same experimental conditions (Duffy et al, 1982). In normocapnic (PaCO2 33 mm Hg) control animals, highest rates of blood flow were found in gray matter nuclei of the brainstem, in the medulla oblongata, and in the posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (50 to 77 ml/100 gm/min); far lower flows were recorded among white matter structures (5 to 11 ml/100 gm/min). The vasodilatory response to both hypercapnia and hypoxia was greatest among brainstem gray matter structures, intermediate among cortical and diencephalic gray matter structures, and least in white matter. When LCBF was plotted as a function of LCGU for control animals, a positive linear correlation was obtained for all structures (p less than 0.001), implying that in newborns, as in adults, cerebral blood flow and metabolism are physiologically coupled. In hypoxic puppies, no consistent relationship between LCGU and LCBF could be demonstrated; however, there was suggestion that the two measurements correlated inversely, presumably reflecting enhanced anaerobic glycolysis in structures (e.g., hemispheric white matter) that were not adequately protected by compensatory hyperemia. White matter damage, a frequent complication of perinatal hypoxia-asphyxia, may be a consequence in part of the limited capacity of white matter to vasodilate in response to te chemical "signals" of hypercapnia and lactic acidosis. PMID- 6807193 TI - Valproate-induced hyperammonemia. AB - A patient with carbamyl phosphate synthetase deficiency had four episodes of hyperammonemia, up to 226 microM, associated with valproate (VPA) treatment. These were accompanied by vomiting, lethargy, and coma. A group of epileptic patients receiving VPA remained asymptomatic but had significantly higher mean plasma ammonium levels when compared to epileptic patients receiving other anticonvulsants: 33.6 +/- 1.9 (SEM) versus 23.6 +/- 1.5 microM. Thus, VPA caused symptomatic hyperammonemia in a patient with an impairment in urea synthesis and resulted in mildly elevated ammonium levels in epileptic patients. These data suggest that ammonium levels should be monitored in patients receiving VPA who exhibit signs of vomiting or lethargy. PMID- 6807195 TI - [Effect of chemical defoaming agents on the mass exchange rate in the oxytetracycline biosynthesis process]. AB - The effect of chemical foam suppressors of various classes on the intensity of Streptomyces rimosus respiration, concentrations of dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide and gas levels in the fermentation broth of oxytetracycline was studied. Its was shown that addition of the foam suppressors, as a rule, resulted in a decreased rate of the oxygen mass transfer due to the decreased surface of the phase contact gas-liquid. This decrease was not so significant as that in case of uninhibited intensity of the fermentation broth foaming. A different character of the effect of different foam suppressors on the biosynthetic process was noted. The effect of the foam suppressors was decreased by their regular addition in low amounts. PMID- 6807194 TI - [Use of agar diffusion method for separate determination of concentration of streptomycin and rifampicin in the blood in the presence of isoniazid]. AB - Conditions for determination of streptomycin and rifampicin in the blood serum on their combined use, as well as in the presence of isoniazid are described. For determination of the blood levels of streptomycin administered in combination with rifampicin it is recommended tat a variant of Bac. mycoides 537 resistant to rifampicin be used. When the rifampicin levels are determined in undiluted serum, the value obtained should be multiplied by 1.4. When a 2-fold dilution of the serum is used, the value is multiplied by 1.15. This provides an indicator maximally close to the real content of the antibiotic in the blood serum. PMID- 6807196 TI - Understanding von Willebrand's disease. PMID- 6807197 TI - Immunochemical analysis of molecular forms of protein synthesis initiation factors in crude cell lysates of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6807198 TI - Characterization of two enzyme proteins catalyzing NADP+/NADPH-dependent oxidoreduction of prostaglandins at C-9 and C-15 from swine kidney. PMID- 6807199 TI - Biosynthetic mechanism of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in the purple photosynthetic bacterium, Chromatium vinosum. PMID- 6807200 TI - Chloroplast elongation factor Tu: evidence that it is the product of a chloroplast gene in Euglena. PMID- 6807201 TI - Chemical modification of Lactobacillus casei thymidylate synthetase with 1-fluoro 2,4-dinitrobenzene and 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. PMID- 6807202 TI - The two-step interaction between alpha-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl pepsinogen(1-12) and pepsin. PMID- 6807204 TI - Selective destruction and removal of heme from prostaglandin H synthase. PMID- 6807203 TI - Multiple RNA polymerase holoenzymes exert transcriptional specificity in Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6807205 TI - Biosynthesis and amino terminal acetylation of cat hemoglobin B. PMID- 6807206 TI - Effects of phospholipids on substrate specificity of beta-galactosidase purified from Aspergillus oryzae. PMID- 6807207 TI - The effects of mepacrine and p-bromophenacyl bromide on arachidonic acid release in human platelets. PMID- 6807208 TI - Studies on spectral characteristics of allophycocyanin isolated from Anabaena cylindrica: curve-fitting analysis. PMID- 6807210 TI - Radioimmunoassay and immunochemistry of Phaseolus vulgaris phytohemagglutinin: verification of isolectin subunit structures. PMID- 6807212 TI - The reactions of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate with the M4 and H4 isoenzymes of pig lactate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6807211 TI - Interaction of epoxide hydrolase with itself and other microsomal proteins. PMID- 6807209 TI - Adenosine metabolism: modification by S-adenosylhomocysteine and 5' methylthioadenosine. PMID- 6807214 TI - Benign mastocytomas. PMID- 6807213 TI - Giant pigment granules in biopsy specimens from cafe au lait spots in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6807216 TI - The evaluation of hypophysial response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in patients affected by chronic liver disease. PMID- 6807218 TI - Effect of sequence of exposure to chlorophenols in short-term bacterial bioassays. AB - A bioassay using Pseudomonas fluorescens was affected by the sequence of exposure to pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol (TCP). Surviving cells from standardized cell suspensions initially treated with PCP at concentrations ranging from 10 to 75 micrograms/ml, followed by removal of the toxicant, were not affected by a second dose of PCP at the same concentration. However, if the second dose was TCP, the test organism was sensitive to the second exposure. The most toxic sequence was an initial exposure to TCP followed by a second exposure to PCP. The response of the test organism to PCP and TCP was clearly dependent upon both the toxicant concentrations used and the sequence of toxicant addition. PMID- 6807215 TI - Failure to thrive: diagnostic yield of hospitalisation. AB - Review of hospital records of 122 infants, aged between 1 and 25 months, admitted to a teaching hospital with the diagnosis of failure to thrive but without an underlying disease apparent at admission, showed that about one-third of them had no diagnosis after evaluation. Thirty-two per cent were thought to have a social or environmental explantation for poor growth, and 31% were given a specific organic or physiological diagnosis. Of the last group, 2 out 3 were diagnosed as having either gastro-oesophageal reflux or non-specific chronic diarrhoea. Vomiting was often associated with organic or structural disease. On average about 40 laboratory tests and x-ray films were performed per infant, but only 0.8% of all tests showed an abnormality which contributed to the diagnosis of the cause of failure to thrive. Our results stress the importance of social and environmental factors as basic causes of failure to thrive, and suggest that admission to hospital and laboratory testing is unlikely to lead to a specific organic diagnose in a child whose failure to thrive is unexplained after careful history taking and a physical examination. PMID- 6807217 TI - Metabolism of bis(2-chloroethyl)ether and bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether in the rat. AB - Male rats were given single peroral doses of bis(1-14C-2-chloroethyl)ether ([1 14C]BCEE) (40 mg/kg) and of bis(1-14C-2-chloroisopropyl)ether ([1-14C]BCIE) (90 mg/kg). Excretion of 14CO2 and urinary 14C was followed for 48 hr. The time required to eliminate one half of the dose was 12 hr for [1-14C]BCEE and 19 hr for [1-14C]BCIE. In the case of [1-14C]BCEE, expired 14CO2 accounted for 11.5 +/- 5.6(SD)% of the dose, urinary 14C accounted for 64.7 +/- 14.8%, and 2.4 +/- 1.3% was found in the feces. The figures for [1-14C]BCIE were 20.3 +/- 9.4% expired as 14CO2, 47.5 +/- 8.1% as urinary 14C, and 3.8 +/- 0.3% as fecal 14C. Thiodiglycolic acid (TDGA) accounted for roughly 75% of the total urinary 14C collected after the [1-14C]BCEE dose. Lesser metabolites of BCEE were 2 chloroethoxyacetic acid (CEAA) (5%), and N-acetyl-S-[2-(2-chloroethoxy)ethyl]-L cysteine (ACEEC) (7%). Metabolites of [1-14C]BCIE identified in rat urine were 2 (2-chloro-1-methylethoxy)propanoic acid (CMEPA), roughly 36% of the total urinary 14C, and N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxypropyl)-L-cysteine (AHPC) at 19%. PMID- 6807219 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on liver regeneration in the rat: influence of position and degree of chlorination. AB - The effects of PCBs, administered intragastrically, were studied on partially hepatectomized (70%) rats. Seven days after hepatectomy, a relationship was noted between the increase in the degree of chlorination of the biphenyl molecule and the hypertrophy and lipid accumulation in the liver. When the 3' and 4' positions are chlorinated, the relationship still holds but, for a constant number of chlorine atoms, the intensity of the effects are decreased. Fourteen days after hepatectomy, there was only a significant difference in the case of decachlorobiphenyl and Phenoclor DP5, for which the hypertrophy is accompanied by hyperplasia. The relationships are discussed between the chemical structure of the PCBs, their metabolization, their toxicity, and the reversibility of their effects. PMID- 6807220 TI - Injuries after use of the lacrimatory agent chloroacetophenone in a confined space. AB - When the lacrimatory agent chloroacetophenone was released into 44 prisoner cells, 8 prisoners required hospitalization and 20 more received outpatient physician care for injuries. Contact with water contributed to the injuries caused by chloroacetophenone, but prolonged exposure in a confined space was probably the principal cause of morbidity. In a confined space the lacrimatory agent chloroacetophenone is relatively toxic. PMID- 6807221 TI - [Growth of mycobacteria from dry sputum smears Identification and sensitivity of strains from Kinshasa, Zaire]. PMID- 6807222 TI - Recurrent biliary calculi: duodenal diverticula as a predisposing factor. AB - Several studies indicate a causal relationship between duodenal diverticula and gallstone disease. The diverticula persist after biliary tract surgery, and it is therefore presumed that patients with diverticula have an increased disposition to develop new calculi in the bile ducts after cholecystectomy. To test this hypothesis, the occurrence of recurrent biliary calculi was studied in 101 patients who had cholecystectomy, all with an asymptomatic period of two years or more following the primary biliary surgery. All patients had symptoms, that indicated biliary tract or pancreatic diseases. The incidence of recurrent calculi in patients with diverticula was 87.5% (95% confidence interval, 66.9 95.8). In patients without diverticula, the incidence was 31.9% (95% confidence interval, 21.5-44.3). The difference is highly significant, and the results support the assumption tht diverticula in the area of the papilla of Vater dispose to gallstone disease. PMID- 6807223 TI - Enterococcal bacteremia: clinical implications and determinants of death. AB - The pathogenicity of the enterococcus remains controversial despite recognition of this organism in inflammatory exudates. A review of 114 patients with 123 bacteremic events with enterococcus from all hospital services was undertaken. A total of 46% were in the perioperative period. The clinical indications for blood culture varied, but only 19 patients had septic shock at the time. Employing three or more associated diseases as a definition, 71 patients were considered chronically ill. The primary sources of bacteremia were commonly urinary tract (22), soft tissue (17), and intra-abdominal (12). An impressive total of 48 patients had no discernible primary focus of infection. Except for the urinary tract, infections tended to be polymicrobial; 51 patients had associated synchronous or metachronous polymicrobial bacteremias. Antibiotic therapy appropriate for enterococcus did not favorably influence outcome. By chi-square analysis, patients with urinary tract and soft tissue infections had significantly better survival rates than the group as a whole, while patients with intra-abdominal sepsis, polymicrobial bacteremia, or an unknown focus of infection did statistically worse. Enterococcal bacteremia results in a high mortality (54%); its frequent identification with other facultative and anaerobic organisms may indicate that it has a synergistic role; the frequency of unexplained bacteremias stimulates speculation that primary bacteremia from the gastrointestinal tract may be a plausible explanation. PMID- 6807224 TI - Altered coagulation protein content after albumin resuscitation. AB - Previous studies showed that the random addition of supplemental albumin to a resuscitation regimen of blood, salt, and frozen plasma caused a significant (p = less than 0.05) fall in fibrinogen clotting activity (FC) and a rise in prothrombin times (PT) in seriously injured patients; the partial thromboplastin times (PTT) were insignificantly prolonged. Based upon these findings, frozen plasma samples, prospectively collected in 41 non-albumin patients and 35 albumin patients, were analyzed immunologically, in duplicate, for protein content of coagulation factor VIII (VIIIAg), prothrombin (IIAg), fibrinogen (FAg), antithrombin III (ATAg), and fibrin(ogen) split products (FSP). Supplemental albumin resuscitation was associated with a significant fall in FAg (83 +/- 9 versus 124 +/- 10 SE mg/dl), VIIIAg (97 +/- 13 versus 127 +/- 135 SE %), IIAg (54 +/- 3 versus 80 +/- 4 SE %), and ATAg (14 +/- 0.8 +/- 19 +/- 0.8 SE mg%) with no significant changes in FSP. FSP, however, were more than 20 micrograms/ml in 13 of 41 nonalbumin patients versus four of 35 albumin patients (X2 = 4.5, p less than 0.05). Reduced coagulation activity following albumin supplementation seems partly caused by a decrease of coagulation protein content; increased fibrinolysis in the albumin patients is not the cause. Decreased coagulation protein content parallels the fall in coagulation activity and the need for postresuscitation blood transfusions. The role of reduced coagulation synthesis in these changes needs further study. PMID- 6807225 TI - Parenteral nutrition in esophageal cancer patients. AB - A review of operative therapy in 244 patients with esophageal cancer from 1960 to 1980 was done to evaluate the impact of TPN in 72 patients treated from 1973 to 1980 with 43 non-TPN patients treated during the same period and to 129 patients operated upon before 1973. Mean age, sex distribution, site, stage, and treatment of the disease were similar for the two study groups. The TPN group lost less weight during treatment (3 lbs vs. 11 lbs) and had fewer overall complications postoperatively (24% vs. 41%). Significant reductions in major wound, infectious, and postoperative complications were noted in these patients who received at least 5 days of preoperative TPN compared with postoperative TPN or the non-TPN groups (4% vs. 24% and 23%). Malnourished esophageal cancer patients can more safely undergo aggressive operative therapy and radiation treatment when adequate perioperative nutritional support is added to the treatment armamentarium. PMID- 6807227 TI - The prevalence of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi cruzi infection in Colombian monkeys and marmosets. PMID- 6807226 TI - Metabolic utilization of intravenous fat emulsion during total parenteral nutrition. AB - The effect of nutritional therapy on the utilization of an intravenous fat emulsion was studied in patients with injury, infection, and nutritional depletion using I-14C-trioleate labeled Intralipid. The plasma fractional removal rate and 14C-Intralipid oxidation rate was 55% ad 25% higher, respectively, in patients following trauma and during periods of infection receiving 5% dextrose than in healthy control subjects. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) was administered as either 1) nonprotein calories given as glucose (Glucose System) or 2) equal proportions of glucose and intravenous fat emulsion (Lipid System). In comparison to TPN with the Lipid System, administration using the Glucose System resulted in higher plasma clearance rates and lower oxidation rates in both acutely ill and depleted patients. There was no correlation between the rates of plasma removal and oxidation of the intravenous fat emulsion (r = -0.04; NS) indicating that the removal of exogenous fat from plasma cannot be used as an indicator of oxidation. A negative linear relationship was seen between the oxidation rate of intravenous fat and carbohydrate intake (r = -0.92; p less than 0.001). Glucose intakes exceeding energy expenditure did not totally inhibit oxidation of the fat emulsion. The oxidation rate of 14C-Intralipid was linearly related to net whole body fat oxidation calculated using indirect calorimetry (r = -0.90; p less than 0.001) suggesting that the fat emulsion was oxidized in a similar manner to endogenous lipids. This study suggests that intravenous fat emulsions are utilized as an energy substrate in patients with major injury, infection or nutritional depletion. This observation, along with a relative unresponsiveness to glucose in surgical patients suggests that fat emulsions may be useful as a calorie source in patients receiving parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6807228 TI - Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi-like infection of Colombian bats. PMID- 6807229 TI - Fulminant virus hepatitis in late pregnancy. PMID- 6807231 TI - Rocky Mountain spotless fever: a dilemma for the clinician. AB - Failure of the characteristic rash to develop during the course of illness in Rocky Mountain spotted fever may lead to the delay or failure of diagnosis and may result in fetal encephalopathic illness with disseminated vascular injury. Four patients are described herein in whom a rash failed to develop and the diagnosis was initially incorrect. Each patient was seen at least once before hospital admission by a physician and given ineffective antibiotic therapy, resulting in fatal complications. Besides the failure of the rash to develop, the lack of any specific diagnostic test that is useful during the acute illness represents a major difficulty for the physician in making the diagnosis before the patient's death. Any adult in an endemic geographic area who is initially seen with an undifferentiated acute febrile illness in which headache and myalgias are prominent should be considered for treatment with tetracycline unless otherwise contraindicated. PMID- 6807230 TI - Histamine content of tick attachment sites and the effects of H1 and H2 histamine antagonists on the expression of resistance. PMID- 6807232 TI - Staphylococcal bacteremia and endocarditis: state of the art. AB - The major clinical difficulties in bacteremic Staphylococcus aureus infections involve the following: (1) differentiation of infective endocarditis (IE) from non-IE staphylococcemias and (2) questions concerning optimum chemotherapy of deep-seated staphylococcemic infections. In this article, an algorithmic approach to the differentiation of S aureus IE from non-IE staphylococcemias will be developed, particularly in regard to specific clinical, echocardiographic, radioisotopic, and serological "markers" for recognizing patients as at "high risk" for underlying S aureus IE. Also, data will be presented relating to the controversies of monotherapy v combination chemotherapy in S aureus IE as well as in bacteremic S aureus infections caused by antibiotic-tolerant S aureus strains. PMID- 6807233 TI - POEMS syndrome: studies in a patient with an IgG-kappa M protein but no polyneuropathy. AB - A 48-year-old woman had a variation of the syndrome of polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (the so-called POEMS syndrome). The patient's neurological findings were entirely normal, but she had splenomegaly, hyperprolactinemia with galactorrhea and oligomenorrhea, a thyroid nodule with evidence of mild thyroiditis on aspiration biopsy specimen, and IgG kappa monoclonal gammopathy, and hyperpigmentation and thickening of the skin. A short course of plasmapheresis (twelve 4-L exchanges in one month) did not alter any of the clinical abnormalities, but did result in a 70% decrease in the monoclonal IgG level (from 2.2 to 0.7 g/dl). PMID- 6807234 TI - Prescribing medication in long-term dialysis units. AB - Little information is available regarding the current patterns of medication use in long-term dialysis centers. Therefore, we surveyed the medication records of 1,023 patients undergoing long-term dialysis therapy in 27 dialysis centers. The mean number of medications prescribed per patient was 7.7 +/- 0.54, increasing patient age, increasing duration of dialysis, in-center dialysis, and the presence of underlying diabetic and hypertensive nephropathy were associated with increased frequency of medication use. The use of multiple pharmacologic agents was associated with a high frequency of drug duplication (12%), potential dosage error (9%), potential significant drug interaction (15%), and use of contraindicated drugs (2.5%). A lack of individualization of the use of several pharmacologic agents was apparent. An extreme degree of center variability in drug use was also apparent. Periodic review of medication use should be undertaken in the long-term dialysis setting. PMID- 6807235 TI - Hypoxemia during hemodialysis. PMID- 6807236 TI - Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and a unique factor VIII antigen. AB - Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has been described in association with many tumors. We describe a patient with alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in whom DIC developed with the initiation of chemotherapy. The patient achieved complete remission of his tumor for 14 months. An unusual factor VIII antigen was identified on crossed immunoelectrophoresis that was present at initial diagnosis, disappeared with remission, and returned with relapse of the tumor. PMID- 6807238 TI - [Post-operative clinical and radiographical study on the partial vertebrectomy and fusion of the cervical spine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807237 TI - Openings of the lumbar part of the diaphragm in primates. PMID- 6807239 TI - [Digestibility and protein quality of quinua: comparative study of quinua (Chenopodium Quinoa) seed and flour in children]. AB - Based on the hypothesis that the digestibility of quinua seed is the limiting factor in the utilization of nutrients from this staple, two quinua-based diets were prepared using quinua seeds and quinua flour. Theses diets were offered to children recovering from malnutrition. The digestibility and protein quality of the quinua diets were compared to those of a casein control diet by analyzing the children's metabolic balance. Results showed that digestibility of the quinua diets were compared to those of a casein control diet by analyzing the children's metabolic balance. Results showed that digestibility of the quinua seed is the limiting factor in the protein and energy utilization, and that milling improves significantly the digestibility of fat and carbohydrates. Findings also confirmed that the protein quality of quinua seeds is adequate for human consumption. PMID- 6807241 TI - [Transpulmonary contrast echocardiography. Initial experience]. PMID- 6807240 TI - [Clinical study of prostacyclin in extracorporeal circulation. Effects on hemodynamics and coagulation]. AB - The effects of prostacycline (PGI2), the most powerful known platelet antiaggregant on platelet count and function during cardiopulmonary bypass, were assessed in a double blind study. One group of 13 patients received 2,5 mg/Kg of Heparin with an infusion of 25 ng/Kg/min of prostacycline instituted 15 minutes before the Heparin, continued at the beginning of cardiopulmonary bypass at a dose of 50 ng/Kg/min and terminated at the end of bypass. A second group of 15 patients were studied by the same protocol with a placebo infusion. The platelet count was significantly higher at the end of cardiopulmonary bypass in the Prostacycline group. Platelet aggregation was reduced by comparison with the control group from the beginning of Prostacycline infusion. The active thrombin time was significantly longer in the Prostacycline group. However, blood loss did not differ significantly between the two groups although it was less in the study group. The platelet count and function during cardiopulmonary bypass with Prostacycline was therefore increased and resulted in a reduction in Heparin consumption. PMID- 6807243 TI - [Monodimensional echographic study of echogenic masses in the left ventricular outflow tract in aortic valve insufficiencies. Apropos 5 cases]. AB - The presence of a mass in the left ventricular outflow tract is often a sign of severe pathology. The authors report 4 cases illustrating this echocardiographic diagnosis. In bacterial or mycotic endocarditis these masses suggest either aortic valve vegetations or prolapse of an aortic cusp. Two causes may be observed in patients with aortic bioprostheses: paravalvular leak with rocking of the sewing ring and destruction of the bioprosthetic cusps. In the 4 cases presented hemodynamic and angiographic investigations were contra indicated because of the risk of embolism of bacterial vegetations. Echocardiography gave precise diagnosis of the causal disease process and led to early surgical cure. Correlations between the anatomical and echocardiographic appearances are described and discussed. PMID- 6807242 TI - [Early detection of myocardial alterations in mitral insufficiency with the angiotensin test]. AB - Left ventricular function was assessed at rest and after increasing systemic arterial resistance by angiotensin in 40 patients with isolated mitral insufficiency. Angiotensin was administered intravenously at a dose of 0,4 micrograms/mn until the systolic blood pressure rose by at least 30 mm Hg. Left ventricular and aortic pressures, cardiac index and left ventriculography in the 30 degree right anterior oblique projection (50 frames per second) were recorded before and during angiotensin infusion. The mean rise in systolic left ventricular pressure was 40 +/- 2,8 mm Hg; the heart rate increased slightly but significantly; left ventricular and diastolic pressure rose from 12,0 +/- 1,0 to 24,0 +/- 1,2 mmHg. The systolic index (Fick's method) was significantly decreased (37 +/- 1,6 ml/m2 to 26 +/- 1,6 ml/m2) though the angiographic systolic index remained unchanged. This is explained by an increase in the regurgitant fraction (51 +/- 2,5% ao 65 +/- 3%). The end diastolic volume index was unchanged; the ejection fraction was significantly decreased. The resting hemodynamic status was only slightly disturbed in 29 patients (mean capillary pressure less than 15 mm Hg, 8,8 +/- 0,52 mmHg). The left ventricular function curves with angiotensin distinguished two groups of patients: Group A (20 patients) with left ventricular dysfunction induced by angiotensin, Group B (9 patients) who maintained the systolic index despite the increase in left ventricular end diastolic pressure. These results suggest that the angiotensin test may be useful for detecting early left ventricular dysfunction in patients with isolated mitral insufficiency and virtually normal resting hemodynamic parameters. PMID- 6807244 TI - [Coronary lesions in myocardial infarction]. AB - The authors analyse the coronary lesions in 285 patients with primary myocardial infarction (164 anterior, 121 inferior infarcts) undergoing coronary angiography an average of 4 months after infarction. The statistical study of the analytical table of the lesions according to severity and site, demonstrated a significant difference in each group (p less than 0,001): --there was a very clear dominance of occlusion of the LAD artery in anterior infarction but severe narrowing (greater than or equal to 70%) was observed mainly on the right coronary and left circumflex arteries; --in inferior infarction, the incidence of occlusion was higher on the right coronary artery and severe narrowing was divided between the LAD and left circumflex arteries. Controlateral, double or triple vessel disease was present in 74% of anterior and 85% of inferior infarcts. There were many more patients with double and triple vessel lesions than with single vessel disease. Residual angina gave no indication of the extension of the lesions in anterior infarction but patients with this complication after inferior infarction had a higher rate of triple vessel disease. Stress testing is exploitable in inferior infarction but did not give any discriminating results. In this series, angina and stress testing only allowed triple vessel disease to be suspected in patients with inferior infarction. A coronary arteriographic study, by showing the severity and controlateral extension of the lesions, comparable in primary anterior and inferior infarction, gives important prognostic information and allows assessment of surgical possibilities. PMID- 6807245 TI - [Computers in a center for cardiac stimulation]. AB - The authors describe a computer system with details of the hard ware and filing organisation. The sophistication and originality of the programme makes it a multipurpose tool base on a condensed dictionary. Its uses may be summarised under three headings: --The upkeep of medical case notes, a very successful application, resulting in improved safety in the long term follow-up of pacemaker patients. Statistical analysis of multiple parameters in larger series of patients is possible, a task which could not be carried out without a computer. - The system has the advantage of providing secretarial help in the booking of follow-up appointments, automatic print-out of follow-up reports and letters to the referring physician. This leads to better efficiency in correspondence. --The third advantage is the stocking and treatment of numeric data on a wide range of materials, leading to the creation of its own data bank. The programme as described has been adopted for cardiology and, in particular, cardiac pacing. It could, however, be applied in all fields of medicine, especially those using other materials (valvular prostheses, orthopedic appliances, etc). PMID- 6807246 TI - [Rate-pressure product and myocardial oxygen requirements]. AB - The relationship between the rate-pressure product, myocardial oxygen consumption and the production or uptake of lactate by the myocardium was studied in 45 patients under basal conditions and rapid atrial pacing (except in 3 cases with atrial fibrillation). The underlying pathology was ischemic heart disease in 25 cases, non obstructive cardiomyopathy in 9 cases, and obstructive cardiomyopathy in 11 cases. Contrary to what has been reported in normal subjects, a significant linear relationship between the rate-pressure product or indexed rate-pressure (multiplied by body surface area) and myocardial oxygen uptake. The divergence of these results may be due to the method of measuring coronary sinus blood flow, these authors having used the N 20 whereas in this study the flow was measured by thermodilution. In particular, it is possible that this divergence results from abnormalities of ventricular volume, compliance and contractility in the patients under study: these abnormalities may disturb the relationship between the rate pressure product and myocardial oxygen consumption in normal subjects. A double linear relationship, different in each of these groups, was observed at rest between the indexed rate-pressure product and oxygen uptake, and the uptake or production of lactate: in myocardial ischemia without ischemia at rest, in non obstructive cardiomyopathy in sinus rhythm. The significance of these relations differed in each of these groups. Under atrial pacing, the increase in indexed rate-pressure product compared to basal conditions was proportional to the presence of absence of ischemia. Variations of the indexed rate-pressure product seem to be related to myocardial oxygen consumption and not to myocardial oxygen requirements. The variations of the rate-pressure product, during the administration of drugs, for example, do not reflect myocardial oxygen needs. During exercise ECG, the maximal increase in the indexed rate-pressure product reflect the functional reserve of the myocardium. PMID- 6807247 TI - [Hemodynamic and coronary effects of isosorbide dinitrate: comparison of intravenous and intracoronary injection]. AB - The hemodynamic and coronary effects of a single dose of 3 mg of isosorbide dinitrate (ISD) were studied in 26 patients after intra-coronary (17 cases) and intravenous injection (9 cases). The study was carried out after opacification of the coronary arteries and a 0,4 mg ergometrine test. The radiological contrast and ergometrine increased left ventricular end diastolic (10,4 +/- 0,89 mm Hg to 22,5 +/- 1,88 mm Hg) and systolic pressures (131,4 +/- 4,8 mm Hg to 158,7 +/- 5,8 mm Hg) without changing V max. After ergometrine, the diameter of the coronary vessels decreased by 8,8%. After ISD, these pressures fell significantly from the 10th second; the lowest pressure after ISD was related to the initial pressure at the end of the ergometrine test (systolic pressure Y = 0,68 X + 6,39, R = 0,89, p less than 0,001) ( end diastolic pressure : Y = 0,36 X + 0,17, R = 0,68 , p less than 0,01). Moderate transient tachycardia was probably a reflex reaction. The increase in V max, maximal after 1 to 2 minutes, seemed to have a different mechanism. The global effect is to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption as reflected by the fall in the tension - time - index (3083 +/- 2,13 to 2330 +/- 184 mm Hg . sec-1 . min . The diameter of the coronary vessels rose by 26% with respect to the smallest diameter observed after ergometrine. The intracoronary and intrafemoral venous injection gave identical hemodynamic and coronary changes from the first minute. The effects were maximal between 2 and 4 minutes and continued after 10 minutes. The only difference was a more rapid decrease in systolic pressure after intrafemoral administration. Dilatation occurred before the hemodynamic effects after intracoronary injection, which is an argument for using intracoronary ISD in the treatment of spasm induced by ergometrine. PMID- 6807249 TI - [The value of intravenous trinitrin in unstable angina]. PMID- 6807250 TI - [Implantation of permanent cardiac pacing electrodes by the retropectoral transvenous approach. Results of a series of 152 cases]. AB - When the cephalic vein is unsuitable for the introduction of pacing electrodes, the retropectoral veins near the external border of pectoralis major near its subclavian attachment, approached through the same incision, may provide a suitable alternative. It was not possible to catheterise the cephalic vein in 23,8% of 756 consecutive implantations of endocavitary pacing electrodes. The retropectoral veins were looked for in 172 cases and found and used in 159 cases (92,4%). This percentage of success increased to 97,6% in the latter 83 attempts. These veins are usually very distensible. No complications or accidents were recorded. The only disadvantage was the relatively long dissection time. The stability of the pacing electrodes with this approach was excellent as reoperation was only required in 3% of cases (2 displacements and 3 exit blocks or pericardial migrations). This approach is therefore practicable in the large majority of cases in which the cephalic vein cannot be used. The multiplicity of the retropectoral veins should allow the introduction of two electrodes if sequential atrioventricular pacing were to be chosen. In addition, this approach would be useful when an atrial pacing electrode is to be added to a preexisting ventricular pacing electrode and one hesitates to puncture the subclavian vein because of the risk of damaging the electrode already in place. When direct subclavian puncture is the technique of choice of the operator, the retropectoral veins may be used when the subclavian approach is contraindicated or impossible. In any case, denudation of the retropectoral veins leads to fewer incidents than when the latter approach is used. PMID- 6807248 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of the association of nifedipine and acebutolol]. AB - The aim of this study was to assess the effects of the association of sublingual nifedipine and intravenous acebutolol on left ventricular inotropism. A series of 30 randomised patients underwent hemodynamic investigation repeated after a 30 minute interval comprising measurement of left ventricular (LVP) and aortic (AoP) pressures and ventriculography (Vo). Between the two Vo, Group I (N = 10) were given 20 mg sublingual nifedipine (N), Group II (N = 0) were given I mg/Kg acebutolol (A) intravenously in 5 minutes, and Group III (N = 10) the association of 20 mg sublingual N and I mg/Kg intravenous A. All patients had normal resting left ventricular function (ejection fraction greater than 0,55). In Group I, a significant improvement in left ventricular function with reduction of end diastolic pressure, increase ejection fraction, VCF and cardiac index was observed. THese changes were secondary to the reduction in aortic impedence with no effects on the contractile element (assessed by end systolic pressure/end systolic volume - ESP/ESV - ratio). In Group II, a significant reduction in these indices of left ventricular function was recorded secondary to a reduction in contractility. Group III had a special hemodynamic profile comprising: a reduction in afterload identical to that observed in Group I; a significantly greater reduction in the ESP/ESV ratio than in Group II; a greater reduction in the indices of left ventricular function (especially EF, VCF and CI) than in Group II, but the difference was not significant. The data obtained under the conditions of this acute hemodynamic investigation in patients with normal basal left ventricular function may be summarised thus: 1) Nifedipine alone has no detectable negative inotropic effects. 2) The association with acebutolol, nifedipine seems to potentiate myocardial depression (ESP/ESV). 3) This therapeutic association, the value of which has already been demonstrated in coronary insufficiency should be used carefully without precise knowledge of the left ventricular function. PMID- 6807254 TI - Clorgyline. A new treatment for patients with refractory rapid-cycling disorder. AB - Five women with primary, major, bipolar affective disorder, characterized by rapid mood cycles and nonresponsiveness to conventional drug treatments, including lithium carbonate, were given low doses (2.5 to 10.0 mg/24 hr) of clorgyline, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A. In four patients, clorgyline, along or in combination with lithium carbonate, prolonged the duration and lessened the severity of mood cycles. One patient experienced prolonged mania while receiving clorgyline therapy. Clorgyline-induced remissions have lasted from three to more than 12 months. PMID- 6807252 TI - [Early postoperative (10th day) thrombosis of a Starr mitral prosthesis. Successful fibrinolytic treatment]. AB - The authors report a case of early postoperative thrombosis of a Starr-Edwards mitral valve prosthesis in a 36 year old female who had undergone closed heart surgery nine years previously for tight mitral stenosis. Severe restenosis led to mitral valve replacement in 1980, and the insertion of a Starr-Edwards prosthesis. On the 8th postoperative day thrombosis of the prosthesis presented with pulmonary oedema and a change in the prosthetic valve sounds which regressed with therapy. The diagnosis was confirmed on the 9th postoperative day by left heart catheterisation and angiography. Fibrinolytic treatment was instituted on the 10th postoperative day with 4500 u/Kg of Urokinase for 24 hours. Pulmonary oedema regressed at the 6th hour of treatment and the prosthetic valve sounds reverted to normal. No significant complication was observed. The good result has been maintained up to the 6th postoperative month. This case demonstrates the possibility of using fibrinolytic therapy in the early postoperative period after valve replacement: this should be weighed in the balance against the mortality of reoperation in such cases of early thrombosis of prosthetic heart valves. PMID- 6807251 TI - [Therapy of severe chronic cardiac congestive insufficiency with captopril. Short and long-term clinical, hemodynamic and biological effects]. PMID- 6807253 TI - [Control of the puerperium in swine under extremely shortened nursing conditions. 2. Effects of nonsteroid cycle blockers and gonadotropin on uterine involution and reproduction of sows with extremely shortened nursing or no nursing]. PMID- 6807256 TI - Adherence to treatment regimen in a lithium carbonate clinic. AB - Adherence to a prophylactic regimen for primary affective disorder was studied with the Standardized Compliance Questionnaire given to 48 outpatients to determine perceptions of their illness, treatment, mood state, and side effects. Clinicians rated the course of the illness for 12 months. Adherence was defined as lithium level between 0.5 and 1.5 mEq/L and attendance at 75% of clinic appointments for nine months. One patient was nonadherent with both indices, whereas 11 were nonadherent with neither medication regimen or appointment keeping, suggesting that each behavior should be scrutinized separately. Elevated mood was associated with overall nonadherence, marriage was associated with adherence to drug regimen, and perception of continuity of care was associated with appointment-keeping adherence. No association was found between nonadherence and diagnostic subcategory or between adherence and reported side effects. The relationship between nonadherence and poor outcome was significant. PMID- 6807255 TI - Body composition in affective disorder before, during, and after lithium carbonate therapy. AB - The body composition of three unipolar and 17 bipolar patients, studied during the depressive state, was compared with that of 48 controls. The ratio of extracellular to intracellular water content was significantly less in male patients than in male controls: the difference between female patients and female controls was not statistically significant. In patients of both sexes, residual sodium concentration was greater in patients than in controls. The intracellular content of potassium was the same in patients as in controls. In six patients, body composition was studied prior to lithium carbonate therapy, after 17 days of treatment, and 17 days after discontinuing administration of the drug. The significant changes were a decrease in body weight during therapy, and a decrease in body water content and an increase in residual sodium concentration after drug treatment was discontinued. PMID- 6807257 TI - Extracellular paraprotein globules in a patient with monoclonal gammopathy. AB - A patient with a plasma cell disorder and IgA lambda paraprotein had the unusual finding of numerous, large, opaque, extracellular globules in her bone marrow and liver. While plasma cell intracellular inclusions are well documented, identification of such material in extracellular sites is not. These globules were of various sizes, stained light to dark blue with Wright's stain, were gray in hematoxylin-eosin preparations, and were fluorescent when stained with conjugated antibodies to lambda, but not to kappa, light chains. They strongly resembled the inclusions (Russell bodies) seen in plasma cells and are believed to be massive accumulations of immunoglobulin. The clinical significance of this morphological finding is unknown, but physicians interpreting bone marrow specimens should be aware of this unusual feature. PMID- 6807258 TI - Roentgen stereophotogrammetric study of growth pattern after fracture through tibial shaft, ankle, and heel. Case report. PMID- 6807259 TI - Percutaneous insertion of a permanent hyperalimentation catheter. PMID- 6807262 TI - Nine years of treatment with probucol. PMID- 6807263 TI - The acidic macromolecules in rabbit cortical bone tissue. AB - Rabbit cortical bone powder was extracted with EDTA solutions at neutral pH and the soluble constituents fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The acidic fractions obtained were further investigated by gel chromatography and chemical analysis. Two classes of proteoglycans were present; one containing chondroitin sulphate and the other containing material resembling keratan sulphate mixed with a smaller amount of chondroitin sulphate. Sialoglycoproteins were detected by specific chemical introduction of tritium label into the sialic acid residues of the acidic glycoprotein fraction. Following sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography, the presence of numerous distinct sialoglycoprotein components was demonstrated. PMID- 6807261 TI - Probucol-lipid pharmacology. PMID- 6807264 TI - Clinicohistopathologic correlations in xerophthalmic ulceration and necrosis. AB - Corneal tissue from five eyes of three children with active xerophthalmic keratopathy and stromal loss was studied histopathologically. Stromal dissolution was strikingly focal, sometimes occurring beneath an intact epithelium and often, though not always, accompanied by extensive inflammatory reaction and bacteria. PMID- 6807260 TI - Chemical phlebothrombosis of large veins. PMID- 6807265 TI - Selection of xenon gas for rapidly disappearing retinal tamponade. AB - A gas that rapidly disappears from the vitreous may be of value in the treatment of retinal detachment. Xenon, argon, helium, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide were injected into the eyes of animal models to measure their disappearance times. Both Ar and He behaved much like air. The rapid disappearance of Co2 and N2O caused a profound hypotension. The gas with the most promising characteristics was Xe: 88% disappeared in three hours. The gas was replaced by aqueous as rapidly as it went into solution, so that the hypotensive effect was small. PMID- 6807266 TI - Vitreoretinal degeneration in spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. AB - Eighteen patients had ocular changes associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita, a rare cause of congenital dwarfism with normal mental development. Seven patients had nonprogressive myopia of 5.00 or more diopters. Vitreoretinal degeneration was encountered in six patients with high myopia, and vitreous syneresis was present in all patients. Corrected visual acuity was 20/50 or better in all patients. Retinal detachment was not encountered, although reports in the nonophthalmic literature claim up to 50% retinal detachment rate and poor visual prognosis in these patients. PMID- 6807268 TI - [Blood levels of FSH, LH and hPrl in subjects with the polycystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6807269 TI - [The Kleihauer test and directed prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by materno-fetal Rh isoimmunization]. PMID- 6807267 TI - Immunoperoxidase characterization of pharyngeal plasmacytoma. AB - Extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMPs) are plasma cell neoplasms that most frequently arise along the upper airways and often do not secrete detectable amounts of M protein at the time of diagnosis. The present report describes the immunohistochemical characterization of an EMP in a young woman. The unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method was employed to demonstrate cytoplasmic immunoglobulin determinants in routinely processed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Only kappa light chain and lambda heavy chain determinants were found in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic plasma cells; essentially identical results were found in both initial and recurrent lesions separated by a 16-month interval. This exclusive staining of one light chain type associated with only one heavy chain represents a monoclonal staining pattern that is typical of B-cell neoplasms. Such characterization of EMPs on the basis of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin class and type may provide prognostic information analogous to the classification of multiple myeloma by immunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6807270 TI - [A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to maternofetal isoimmunization against factor c(hr')]. PMID- 6807272 TI - Cochlear blood flow related to hyperosmotic solution. AB - Glycerol and urea can induce positive threshold shifts in Menire's disease whereas mannitol and ethanol do not seem to possess this ability. As an impaired blood supply is suspected to be part of the mechanism behind Meniere's disease, the difference in ability of the various hyperosmotic solutions to improve hearing might depend on different effects on the cochlear blood flow. The microsphere method was used to study the cochlear blood flow in albino rabbits before and after administration of hyperosmotic solutions of glycerol, urea and mannitol. The cochlear blood flow increased by about 30% after administration of all solutions. As no difference was found in the effect on cochlear blood flow by the different substances and as the increase in cochlear blood supply was only modest, it would appear that the increment of cochlear blood flow is not a main factor behind the hearing improvements in Menire's disease after glycerol and urea ingestion. PMID- 6807274 TI - Mebhydrolin induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6807271 TI - The origin of efferent labyrinthine fibres: a comparative study in vertebrates. AB - Parent cells of efferent acoustic and efferent vestibular fibers were determined anatomically in all classes of vertebrates by use of retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase. These neurons were found in the brainstem, in particular in the reticular formation. In the goldfish, efferent labyrinthine neurons could be demonstrated in a medial position (lateral to the fasciculus longitudinalis medialis). In the frog, efferent neurons appeared more lateral, dorsomedial to the facial motor nucleus. In reptiles and birds, efferent acoustic neurons separate from efferent vestibular neurons. In mammals, efferent vestibular neurons are located more dorsally, lateral to the genu of the facial nerve. Efferent acoustic neurons take their origin from the superior olivary complex. PMID- 6807273 TI - The effect of dietary restriction, adrenaline, hydrocortisone and surgery on the rates of death of 125IUdR-labelled, intravenously injected tumour cells in the lungs of mice. AB - Dietary restriction, adrenaline hydrocortisone or surgery reduced the rate at which pulmonarily arrested 125IUdR-labelled murine tumour cells were lost within 7 h of intravenous (i.v.) injection. Mice that had been adrenalectomised 10 days previously showed a normal intrapulmonary tumour cell loss rate with further surgery reducing this rate to approximately half that observed in normal mice that had been subjected to surgery. Thus, although it is likely that adrenal hormones play an important role in decreasing the rate of early intrapulmonary tumour cell loss, additional factors must be implicated. Mice subject to dietary restriction, adrenaline, hydrocortisone or surgery had reduced levels of in vitro growth inhibitor(s) in their sera. Despite this, individual surgically treated animals showed no correlation between serum in vitro-growth inhibitor levels and rate of loss of i.v. injected tumour cells from the lungs. Furthermore, the 24 h pre-incubation of tumour cells in inhibitor-rich serum did not influence the subsequent loss rate of such cells following i.v. injection into mice. Electron microscopic studies indicated that dietary restriction, adrenaline and surgery reduced the rate of intravascular tumour cell death. The decreased tumour cell death rate in mice receiving these treatments could not be related, however, to any consistent morphological change in the pulmonary vasculature. The decreased rate of intravascular tumour cell death in treated mice was followed by an increased number of lung tumours with only one of the tumour lines studied, indicating that the intravascular death rate need not be a major determinant of pulmonary tumour incidence. PMID- 6807275 TI - Cost efficacy study of percutaneous biopsy of the lung--some pitfalls. PMID- 6807276 TI - Planning and efficiency of diagnostic tests. PMID- 6807277 TI - Concentration of chlortetracycline in the blood of Yellow-Crowned Amazon parrots fed medicated pelleted feeds. PMID- 6807278 TI - Effect of aflatoxin B1 on egg production. AB - Laying pullets dosed with aflatoxin B1 showed a significant decrease in egg production at aflatoxin levels of 0.7 mg per kg body weight per day or higher. When the dose was 5 mg/kg, production ceased after three days. At 1.0 or 0.7 mg/kg, no effect on production was apparent until four to five weeks after the 14 day dosing period. No aflatoxin B1 could be detected chemically in eggs during dosing or for 10 weeks following dosing. PMID- 6807279 TI - The aerospace screening electroencephalogram: an analysis of benefits and costs in the U.S. Air Force. AB - Using the techniques of decision analysis, three possible EEG screening strategies for U.S. Air Force pilots are evaluated. Available clinical and epidemiological data are organized so that the relative merits of the three strategies can be assessed by decision makers. The optimal strategy is found to be screening fighter pilot candidates only. Screening all pilot candidates is less "cost-effective" and using the EEG as a routine screening test in evaluating combat-qualified pilots for nonneurological conditions is the least effective strategy. Needs for further research and unanswered questions are discussed. PMID- 6807280 TI - Persistence of carbaryl residues in and on unprocessed and processed cauliflower curds. AB - Carbaryl was applied three times at 15 days interval to cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L.), and its persistence was determined spectrophotometrically at 0, 1, 3, 6, 10, and 15 days after the first and last treatments. In unprocessed cauliflower the prescribed tolerance level for carbaryl residues of 5 ppm was only reached on the sixth day, in processed cauliflower on the third day after application. Pretreatment with washing + boiling/cooking on the other hand led to a considerable decrease of the carbaryl residues already on the day of application. The lower carbaryl values encountered in all variants after the last application are attributed by the authors to a thinning effect due to an increased cauliflower mass. PMID- 6807281 TI - Biochemical evidence for diverse etiologies in biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - Biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency can be categorized by clinical criteria into a neonatal-onset disorder and distinct syndrome of infantile onset. Pedigrees in each instance are consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. For a neonatal-onset proband, the sensitivity to relative biotin deprivation and the rapid clinical response to biotin supplementation are reflected by in vitro studies. Specific activities of biotin-dependent pyruvate carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase, and 1-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase are 0.8 to 16% of mean control values after growth of fibroblasts in intermediate and very low biotin concentrations. Following relative biotin depletion, pyruvate carboxylase activity returns to normal after only 14 hr of growth in biotin-supplemented medium. In contrast, carboxylase activities in fibroblasts of an infantile-onset proband remain normal at very low biotin concentrations, even when avidin is added to the growth medium. The clinical heterogeneity, taken together with the distinct responses of cultured skin fibroblasts to biotin deprivation in vitro, probably reflect fundamentally different etiologies for the two categories of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. PMID- 6807282 TI - The association between malathion resistance and acetylcholinesterase in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The relationship between the 50% survival time for flies feeding on a malathion containing medium and the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was determined for 15 isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster. A significant correlation was found (r = 0.28, P less than 0.05), with more resistant lines tending to have a lower level of AChE activity. An association between AChE and malathion resistance was also observed in a selection experiment. The AChE activity decreased in two of two populations selected for malathion resistance. AChE from these populations was altered in kinetic parameters (measured in crude head extracts) and electrophoretic mobility. Although the "resistant" AChE had a lower activity (Vm) on either a per milligram protein or a per individual basis, its apparent Km for acetylthiocholine was lower than that of "susceptible" AChE. Recombination mapping of both low activity and fast electrophoretic mobility localized these traits to the region of the structural locus (Ace) on the third chromosome. The AChE activity of flies heterozygous for a variety of Ace lesions (kindly provided by Dr. W. M. Gelbart) was consistent with this location. The changes in AChE were suggested to have been caused by selection of alleles at the Ace locus. PMID- 6807283 TI - The three cortical membranes of the gregarines (parasitic protozoa). Characterization of the membrane proteins of gregarina blaberae. AB - GREGARINES, WHICH ARE PARASITIC PROTOZOA LIVING IN INVERTEBRATES, POSSESS A CORTICAL STRUCTURE SPECIFIC TO THEIR VEGETATIVE STAGE: namely two additional cytomembranes are lying just under the plasma membrane. This cortical complex has been isolated by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients and characterized chemically. Its integrity was tested by electron microscopy. Ghost proteins were resolved by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. About 30 polypeptides of mol.wt. 15000-300000 were present in this fraction and four glycoproteins were detected after periodate/Schiff staining. Ten major proteins were labelled after lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination. The GP(2) glycoprotein (41000-49000 apparent mol.wt.) appears to be a major component of the cell surface. Effects of trypsin and Pronase digestion on ghosts and cells were monitored by gel electrophoresis and by electron microscopy. Ghosts treated with low trypsin or Pronase concentrations (10 25mug/ml) became drastically disorganized; many proteins were vigorously attacked in comparison with those of control ghosts. Variations in proteinase-sensitivity of proteins are pointed out. The GP(3) glycoprotein (130000-160000 apparent mol.wt.) seemed to be the only glycoprotein released from the cell surface by trypsin. Whole cells treated under the same conditions or with higher proteinase concentrations (up to 1mg/ml) do not exhibit morphological modifications of the cell surface; furthermore, no discernible cleavage of membrane proteins was indicated by electrophoretograms. It is postulated that cell-surface proteins are protected by the dense carbohydrate cell coat. By using various different methods (change of ionic strength, detergent, denaturing agent, labelling experiment) it was possible to localize several major proteins within the protozoon cortical membranes. PMID- 6807284 TI - The binding of human liver acid beta-galactosidase to wheat-germ lectin is influenced by aggregation state of the enzyme. AB - At low ionic strength and pH 6.0 human liver acid beta-galactosidase exists in two aggregation states, monomeric and multimeric. These species can be separated on wheat-germ lectin-Sepharose, Cellogel electrophoresis and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and are not normally interconvertible. On re-application of either form to wheat-germ lectin-Sepharose the equilibrium is re-established and the two forms are interconverted. PMID- 6807286 TI - Enzymic coupling of acylhydrolase and prostaglandin synthase activities in subcellular fractions from rabbit renal medulla. AB - We have recently shown that mitochondrial and plasma-membrane fractions from kidney medulla possess Ca(2+)-stimulated acylhydrolase and prostaglandin synthase activities. The nature of the enzymic coupling between the Ca(2+)-stimulated arachidonic acid release and its subsequent conversion into prostaglandins was investigated in subcellular fractions from rabbit kidney medulla. Plasma membrane, mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were found to have similar apparent K(m) values for conversion of added exogenous arachidonate into prostaglandins. The rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis (V(max.)) from added arachidonic acid in the microsomal fraction was approx. 2-fold higher than in the other subcellular fractions. In contrast, prostaglandin E(2) synthesis from endogenous arachidonate in plasma-membrane and mitochondrial fractions was 3-4 fold higher than in microsomes. Furthermore, Ca(2+) stimulated endogenous arachidonate deacylation and prostaglandin E(2) generation in the former two fractions but not in microsomes. In mitochondrial or crude plasma-membrane fractions, in which prostaglandin biosynthesis was inhibited with aspirin, arachidonate released from these fractions was converted into prostaglandins by the microsomal prostaglandin synthase. Thus an intracellular prostaglandin generation process that involves inter-fraction transfer of arachidonic acid can operate. Prostaglandin generation by such an inter-fraction process is, however, less efficient than by an intra-fraction process, where arachidonic acid released by mitochondria or crude plasma membranes is converted into prostaglandins by prostaglandin synthase present in the same fraction. This demonstrates the presence of a tight intra-fraction enzymic coupling between Ca(2+)-stimulated acylhydrolase and prostaglandin synthase enzyme systems in both mitochondrial and plasma-membrane fractions. PMID- 6807285 TI - Active sites of beta-lactamases. The chromosomal beta-lactamases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. AB - An acyl-enzyme was isolated from certain chromosomal beta-lactamases and a penicillin. The penicillin was cloxacillin which, although it is a substrate for these enzymes, has such a low kcat. that it functions as an inhibitor. The enzymes were from the mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18 S that produces the beta-lactamase constitutively [Flett, Curtis & Richmond (1976) J. Bacteriol. 127, 1585-1586; Berks, Redhead & Abraham (1982) J. Gen. Microbiol., in the press] and from Escherichia coli K-12 (the ampC beta-lactamase) [Boman, Nordstrom & Normak (1974) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 235, 569-586]. The acyl-enzymes have been degraded to determine the residue labelled, and the sequence around it. The residue labelled is serine. The sequences around the labelled serine in these two beta-lactamases are exceedingly similar. However, the sequences are quite different from those around the active site serine in the beta-lactamases previously studied. There is thus more than one class of serine beta-lactamases. PMID- 6807288 TI - Association of proacrosin with phospholipid membranes. AB - Proacrosin, the zymogen precursor of acrosin, was shown to associate with anionic phospholipid membranes through apparent electrostatic charge interactions. This association was diminished by elevated cation concentrations and was dependent on membrane composition, as shown both by direct binding assays and by following the phospholipid stimulation of conversion of proacrosin into acrosin. PMID- 6807287 TI - The production and properties of an antiserum to potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin. AB - Precipitation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) lectin by antisera was not affected by treatments that abolish lectin activity. An antiserum precipitated glycosylated derivatives of the lectin but not a deglycosylated peptide. The haemagglutination inhibition titre of this antiserum was not affected by removing anti-glycopeptide antibodies. This evidence suggests that the antiserum contains two populations of antibodies, specific for different domains of the lectin. PMID- 6807290 TI - Active extrusion of Ca2+ from epiphysial chondrocytes of normal and rachitic chickens. AB - Chondrocytes isolated from the epiphysial cartilage of chickens were exposed to either the ionophore A23187 or KCN, in the presence of 0.4 mM-extracellular Ca2+. This treatment elicits a prompt release of cell Ca2+, which can be measured as net cation efflux by a highly sensitive Ca2+-selective electrode system. Pre exposure of chondrocytes to the metabolic inhibitors 2-deoxy-D-glucose or oligomycin causes a parallel decrease in both cell ATP and ionophore-mediated Ca2+ extrusion. Conversely, substitution of extracellular Na+ with choline produces only a very small decrease in the rate of Ca2+ efflux. This indicates that the ionophore A23187 and cyanide induce the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+, which is then extruded from the cell mainly by an ATP-driven pump system. Chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage of rachitic chickens also exhibit the capacity for extruding Ca2+ by the same mechanism, with an efficiency comparable with that of their normal counterpart. PMID- 6807289 TI - Calf rennet lysozyme. AB - A glycosidase displaying endo-N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase specificity (EC 3.2.1.17) was isolated from calf rennet. This lysozyme was also present in abomasal secretions from calf and adult cattle. Multiple molecular forms revealed by electrofocusing might be artefacts. The main enzyme form had Mr approx. 15 000, pH optimum 5.0, pI7.5, and a remarkable conformation stability. Competitive inhibition was observed with both N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid, with apparent Ki values of 29 mM and 2.4 mM respectively. The isolated enzyme also displayed significant chitinase activity. PMID- 6807291 TI - Mutants of the cruciferous plant Arabidopsis thaliana lacking glycine decarboxylase activity. AB - A mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heyn. (a small plant in the crucifer family) that lacks glycine decarboxylase activity owing to a recessive nuclear mutation has been isolated on the basis of a growth requirement for high concentrations of atmospheric CO2. Mitochondria isolated from leaves of the mutant did not exhibit glycine-dependent O2 consumption, did not release 14CO2 from [14C]glycine, and did not catalyse the glycine-bicarbonate exchange reaction that is considered to be the first partial reaction associated with glycine cleavage. Photosynthesis in the mutant was decreased after illumination under atmospheric conditions that promote partitioning of carbon into intermediates of the photorespiratory pathway, but was not impaired under non-photorespiratory conditions. Thus glycine decarboxylase activity is not required for any essential function unrelated to photorespiration. The photosynthetic response of the mutant in photorespiratory conditions is probably caused by an increased rate of glyoxylate oxidation, which results from the sequestering of all readily transferable amino groups in a metabolically inactive glycine pool, and by a depletion of intermediates from the photosynthesis cycle. The rate of release of 14CO2 from exogenously applied [14C]glycollate was 14-fold lower in the mutant than in the wild type, suggesting that glycine decarboxylation is the only significant source of photorespiratory CO2. PMID- 6807292 TI - The control of chondroitin sulphate biosynthesis and its influence on the structure of cartilage proteoglycans. AB - Chondroitin sulphate synthesis on proteoglycans was decreased in rat chondrosarcoma cell cultures in the presence of cycloheximide (0.1-1.0 muM) or p nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside (50 microM). In the presence of cycloheximide the proteoglycan monomer was of larger size, the chondroitin sulphate chains were increased in length, but a similar number of chains was attached to each proteoglycan and the size of the core protein was unaltered. In the presence of p nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside (50 microM), chondroitin sulphate synthesis was increased (by 60-80%), but the incorporation into proteoglycans was decreased (by 70%). The chondroitin sulphate chains were of shorter length than in control cultured and the number of chains attached to each proteoglycan was decreased. In cultures with cycloheximide or actinomycin D the synthesis of chondroitin sulphate was less inhibited on beta-xyloside than on endogenous proteoglycan. When the rate of chondroitin sulphate synthesis was decreased by lowering the temperature of cultures, the chains synthesized at 22 and 4 degrees C were much longer than at 37 degrees C, but in the presence of p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xyloside the chains were of the same length at all three temperatures. A model of chain elongation is thus proposed in which the rate of chain synthesis is determined by the concentration of xylosyl acceptor and the length of the chains is determined by the ratio of elongation activity to xylosyl-acceptor concentration. PMID- 6807293 TI - Teichoic acid and lipid metabolism during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium KM. AB - The biochemistry of teichoic acid and lipid metabolism has been studied during sporulation of Bacillus megaterium KM. Measurements of cell-wall and membrane teichoic acid have shown that net synthesis of these polymers ceases at the onset of sporulation. Pulse-labelling studies show that the period of asymmetric septation and forespore engulfment is marked by an initiation of turnover of membrane teichoic acid but not of wall teichoic acid. This is reflected in the presence of inner-membrane teichoic acid and the virtual absence of wall teichoic acid in dormant spores. The total amount of lipid phosphorus in the sporulating cell increases by 70% as a result of asymmetric septation and subsequent engulfment of the forespore. The phosphorus requirement for this synthesis is derived from a pool formed during exponential growth, which is not exchangeable with extracellular Pi during sporulation. These results suggest that during sporulation a proportion of the glycerol 3-phosphate produced by preferential degradation of membrane teichoic acid formed during exponential growth is used for phospholipid synthesis during sporulation. PMID- 6807294 TI - Effect of inhibition of polyamine synthesis on the content of decarboxylated S adenosylmethionine. AB - 1. The content of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) in transformed mouse fibroblasts (SV-3T3 cells) was increased 500-fold to about 0.4fmol/cell when ornithine decarboxylase was inhibited by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. This increase was due to the absence of putrescine and spermidine, which serve as substrates for aminopropyltransferases with decarboxylated AdoMet as an aminopropyl donor, and to the enhanced activity of AdoMet decarboxylase brought about by depletion of spermidine. The increase in decarboxylated AdoMet content was abolished by addition of putrescine, but not by 1,3-diaminopropane. 2. 5' Methylthiotubercidin also increased decarboxylated AdoMet content, presumably by direct inhibition of aminopropyl-transferase activities, but the increase in its content and the decline in spermidine content were much less than those produced by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. 3. Decarboxylated AdoMet content of regenerating rat liver was measured in rats treated with inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase. The content was increased by 60% 32h after partial hepatectomy in control rats, by 90% when alpha-difluoromethylornithine was given to the partially hepatectomized rats, and by 330% when 1,3-diaminopropane was used to inhibit putrescine and spermidine synthesis. After 48h of exposure to 1,3 diaminopropane, which completely prevented the increase in spermidine after partial hepatectomy, there was a 5-fold rise in hepatic decarboxylated AdoMet concentration. These increases were prevented by treatment with putrescine or with methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone), an inhibitor of AdoMet decarboxylase. 4. These results show that changes in AdoMet metabolism result from the administration of specific inhibitors of polyamine synthesis. The possible consequences of the accumulation of decarboxylated AdoMet, which could, for example, interfere with normal cellular methylation or lead to depletion of cellular adenine nucleotides, should be considered in the interpretation of results obtained with such inhibitors. PMID- 6807295 TI - Evidence for a mechanism for the initiation of acid hydrolase secretion by macrophages that is functionally independent of alternative pathway complement activation. AB - A mechanism for the initiation of selective acid hydrolase secretion with macrophages by weak bases that is functionally independent of complement activation is proposed on the basis of the following findings. (1) The release of beta-galactosidase from macrophages exposed to methylamine and chloroquine was found to be highly dependent on the pH of the incubation medium; the degree of lysosomal secretion correlated closely with the amount of free base in solution at each pH investigated. (2) The secretion of beta-galactosidase induced by methylamine was additively enhanced by a fixed dose of zymosan; likewise, chloroquine additively enhanced the secretion of beta-galactosidase during exposure to zymosan. By contrast, chloroquine did not additively enhance the release of lysosomal enzyme affected by exposure to methylamine. (3) Two new secretagogues, imidazole and benzamidine, like chloroquine, failed to initiate any activation of the alternative complement pathway. The possible relationship between secretagogue induced vacuolization and lysosomal secretion is discussed. PMID- 6807296 TI - The physical state of osmoregulatory solutes in unicellular algae. A natural abundance carbon-13 nuclear-magnetic-resonance relaxation study. AB - Natural-abundance 13C n.m.r. spin-lattice relaxation-time measurements have been carried out on intact cells of the unicellular blue--green alga Synechococcus sp. and the unicellular green alga Dunaliella salina, with the aim of characterizing the environments of the organic osmoregulatory solutes in these salt-tolerant organisms. In Synechococcus sp., all of the major organic osmoregulatory solute, 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, is visible in spectra of intact cells. Its rotational motion in the cell is slower by a factor of approx. 2.4 than in aqueous solution, but the molecule is still freely mobile and therefore able to contribute to the osmotic balance. In D. salina, only about 60% of the osmoregulatory solute glycerol is visible in spectra of intact cells. The rotational mobility of this observable fraction is approximately half that found in aqueous solution, but the data also indicate that there is a significant concentration of some paramagnetic species in D. salina which contributes to the overall spin-lattice relaxation of the glycerol carbon atoms. The non-observable fraction, which must correspond to glycerol molecules that have very broad 13C resonances and that are in slow exchange with bulk glycerol, has not been properly characterized as yet, but may represent glycerol in the chloroplast. The implications of these findings in relation to the physical state of the cytoplasm and the mechanism of osmoregulation in these cells are discussed. PMID- 6807297 TI - Effects of reduced glutathione on the 12-lipoxygenase pathways in rat platelets. AB - Arachidonic acid is converted into several more polar products in addition to 12 l-hydroperoxyeicosa-5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12-HPETE) and 12-l-hydroxyeicosa 5,8,10,14-tetraenoic acid (12-HETE) by the cytosol fractions of rat platelets. The more polar products are formed via the lipoxygenase pathways in the same way as are 12-HPETE and 12-HETE, since their formation is not inhibited by indomethacin but by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (ETYA). The presence of 0.5 1.5mm-reduced glutathione (GSH) in the reaction mixture prevents the formation of the more polar products and produces 12-HETE as the only metabolite from arachidonic acid by the 12-lipoxygenase pathway. l-Cysteine has the same effect as GSH. However, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and l-cystine are not able to prevent the formation of the more polar products. The results indicate that 12 HPETE peroxidase in the 12-lipoxygenase pathway is a GSH-dependent peroxidase and the more polar products might be formed from the non-enzymic breakdown of the primary 12-lipoxygenase product of 12-HPETE, owing to insufficient capability of the subsequent peroxidase system to completely reduce 12-HPETE to 12-HETE. Thus the presence of GSH in the reaction mixture offers a convenient and precise cell free assay system for 12-lipoxygenase in rat platelets. Routine assays of 12 lipoxygenase are carried out in the presence of 1mm-GSH in the reaction mixture. The synthesis of 12-HETE by 12-lipoxygenase is linear during the first 4 min of incubation at 37 degrees C, and has a pH optimum of 7.7. The 12-lipoxygenase reaches half-maximal activity at an arachidonate concentration of 20mum. Fractionation of cell homogenates indicates that the cytosol fraction possesses almost all the 12-lipoxygenase activity, whereas the microsomal fraction exhibits little enzyme activity. PMID- 6807298 TI - Inactivation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A by chemical modification. PMID- 6807299 TI - The rapid PI-turnover is not coupled with the aggregation in A23187-activated human platelets. PMID- 6807300 TI - Characterization of the ferredoxin Component of the steroid 15 beta-hydroxylases system from Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 6807301 TI - Purification of cytochrome P-450D1 alpha (25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha hydroxylase) of bovine kidney mitochondria. PMID- 6807302 TI - Enhancement of haemolysis and cellular arachidonic acid release by pyrrolomycins. PMID- 6807303 TI - Purification and partial characterization of cytochrome b5 from Tetrahymena pyriformis. PMID- 6807304 TI - Characterization of glycosaminoglycans from normal and fluoride treated rabbit iliac crest. PMID- 6807307 TI - Tumor promotor 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced insulin secretion: inhibition by phospholipase A2-and lipoxygenase-inhibitors. PMID- 6807308 TI - Heme oxygenase provides alpha-selectivity to physiological heme degradation. PMID- 6807305 TI - Co-purification of soluble human galactosyltransferase and immunoglobulins. PMID- 6807309 TI - In vitro complex formation between bacteriophage phi 29 terminal protein and deoxynucleotide. PMID- 6807306 TI - Properties of a protein activator of glycosphingolipid hydrolysis isolated from the liver of a patient with GM1 gangliosidosis, type 1. PMID- 6807310 TI - Selective inhibition of platelet lipoxygenase by baicalein. PMID- 6807311 TI - Chemical modification of mouse beta-glucuronidase implicates lysyl, carboxyl and tyrosyl residues as catalytically essential and causes a reversible dissociation of the subunits. PMID- 6807312 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase protein diversity and activity modulation in HTC cells. PMID- 6807314 TI - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide on two synthetic Asn-X-Thr containing substrates of the oligosaccharyltransferase. PMID- 6807313 TI - Is there a mechanism for introducing acid hydrolases into liver lysosomes that is independent of mannose 6-phosphate recognition? Evidence from I-cell disease. PMID- 6807315 TI - Ca2+-phospholipid dependent phosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin. PMID- 6807316 TI - Polyamine biosynthesis and skin tumor promotion: inhibition of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-promoted mouse skin tumor formation by the irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase alpha-difluoromethylornithine. PMID- 6807317 TI - Functional heterogeneity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities in C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. AB - Functional heterogeneity of liver microsomal UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities towards 1-naphthol, 4-methylumbelliferone or 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene (UDP-GT1 activities) and morphine or 4-hydroxybiphenyl (UDP-GT2 activities) was studied in two inbred strains of mice which are genetically responsive (C57BL/6) or non-responsive (DBA/2) to 3-methylcholanthrene-induction of drug metabolizing enzymes. 3-Methylcholanthrene preferentially induced UDP-GT1 activities in C57BL/6 mice. Phenobarbital, however, at low doses (50 mg/kg), selectively induced UDP-GT2 activities. Higher doses of phenobarbital (80 mg/kg) induced both UDP-GT1 and UDP-GT2 activities. In DBA/2 mice 3-methylcholanthrene-induction of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activities was not detectable whereas enzyme induction by phenobarbital appeared to be unimpaired. UDP-GT1 activities were ubiquitously detectable in mouse tissues whereas appreciable UDP-GT2 activities were only found in liver and small intestinal mucosa. UDP-GT1 (1-naphthol as substrate) was not inhibited by morphine suggesting different active sites for the conjugation of these substrates. The results suggest the presence of at least two functionally different forms of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in mice. In conjunction with the results of Owens (J. biol. Chem. 252, 2827 (1977)) it is evident that one of these enzyme forms is regulated by the Ah locus. PMID- 6807318 TI - Preferential inhibition of the B-form of monoamine oxidase in the liver of rats given 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in the diet. AB - A and B-form monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were measured in the liver of rats maintained with a diet containing 0.06% 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB). A-form MAO activity was similar to the control value throughout the feeding periods with serotonin as substrate. In contrast, B-form MAO activity decreased rapidly and the level of MAO activity was maintained at about 30% with beta-phenylethylamine (beta-PEA) as substrate. 3'-Me-DAB feeding did not cause any changes in MAO activity in the brain of rats. A single administration of 3' Me-DAB (100 mg/kg p.o.) failed to alter A and B-form MAO activities for up to 4 days after its administration. The mechanism of inhibition of B-form MAO activity in rat liver mitochondria by 3'-Me-DAB was investigated. The inhibition of 3'-Me DAB of B-form MAO activity, in vitro, was competitive and reversible. There was no difference in the apparent Michaelis constant toward beta-PEA between control and 3'-Me-DAB fed rats. B-form MAO in rat liver mitochondria was titrated with ( )deprenyl; this compound is selective to and an irreversible inhibitor of B-form MAO. The content of B-form MAO in liver mitochondria of rats fed 3'-Me-DAB for 3 weeks was decreased to about 60% of the control level. PMID- 6807319 TI - Effects of sodium valproate and acetazolamide on cerebral respiration. AB - The effects of sodium valproate and acetazolamide on the oxygen uptake of guinea pig brain cortex slices were investigated. In calcium-free medium, sodium valproate inhibited the oxygen uptake appreciably in the presence of glucose and glutamic acid. Acetazolamide, on the other hand, was more effective in inhibiting oxygen uptake in the presence of glucose than in the presence of glutamic acid. Addition of 0.2 mM CaCl2 in the medium containing 5 mM KCl could appreciably reverse the inhibition of oxygen uptake by acetazolamide in the presence of glucose. The inhibition of oxygen uptake by these drugs in the presence of glucose, however, could be completely reversed by increasing the dose of K+ ions (100 mM) in the medium which had no effect on the inhibition of oxygen uptake in the presence of glutamic acid. When the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the medium was elevated to 0.75 mM, the inhibitory effects of these drugs on the oxygen uptake in the presence of both glucose and glutamic acid could be completely abolished. Sodium valproate also inhibited the endogenous respiration of guinea pig brain cortex slices, whereas acetazolamide was almost without any effect. Increase in the concentration of Ca2+ ions in the medium failed to counteract the inhibition of endogenous respiration of guinea pig brain cortex slices by sodium valproate. PMID- 6807320 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase catalyzed activation of paracetamol. AB - Prostaglandin synthetase has the ability to catalyze the metabolism of paracetamol to a reactive metabolite, which binds to protein and reduced glutathione (GSH). This was demonstrated with microsomes isolated from both sheep seminal vesicles (SSV) and rabbit kidney medulla. The activation of paracetamol occurred through cooxygenation during prostaglandin biosynthesis, the peroxidase activity of this enzyme being responsible for the reaction. In addition to being metabolized, paracetamol also stimulated the rate of prostaglandin biosynthesis probably by serving as a potent hydrogen donor. The metabolism of paracetamol to a reactive metabolite most likely involved the formation of a paracetamol radical species. This was indicated by an inhibitory effect of the antioxidant, butylated hydroxyanisole, as well as by a very rapid oxidation of GSH during the course of the prostaglandin synthetase catalyzed reaction. Whether this paracetamol radical is further oxidized to the quinone imine prior to reacting with GSH or protein, remains to be established. The ultimate reactive metabolite is evidently the same as that formed with liver microsomes and NADPH since the glutathione conjugates were apparently identical. The rate of paracetamol activation by SSV microsomes was, however, more than 100 times that by liver microsomes and furthermore the apparent Km was considerably lower. Finally, N-OH paracetamol was shown to be activated by prostaglandin synthetase in the presence of arachidonic acid to a metabolite apparently different from that formed from paracetamol. PMID- 6807321 TI - Relationship between malondialdehyde production and arachidonate consumption during NADPH-supported microsomal lipid peroxidation. AB - Fatty acid concentrations and malondialdehyde formation were determined before and during NADPH-supported lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes from rat, mouse, guinea pig and rabbit. In agreement with earlier reports, malondialdehyde production was greatest for rat, followed by mouse, and much less for guinea pig and rabbit. The microsomal content of total unsaturated fatty acids (18:1, 18:2, 18:3, 20:3, 20:4, 20:5, 22:5, 22:6) was approximately the same for rat and mouse and was lower in guinea pig and rabbit. Lipid peroxidation caused a time dependent decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 20:4 and 22:6, for all species. These decreases were most pronounced for rat and mouse. Alterations in the dietary regime for rat produced marked changes in microsomal fatty acid content as reported by others, and also caused changes in the rates of malondialdehyde production and polyunsaturated fatty acid consumption during lipid peroxidation. A comparison between the rates of malondialdehyde production and the rates of individual unsaturated fatty acid consumption was performed for each animal species and for rats fed different diets. A linear relationship was found between malondialdehyde production and 20:4 disappearance in individual microsomal preparations and in different species. A similar relationship was seen for the initial microsomal concentration of 20:4 and the initial rate of malondialdehyde formation. Other unsaturated fatty acids did not exhibit linear relationships. Various microsomal mixed-function oxidase variables were measured for the different species. No direct relationship between these values and malondialdehyde production was found. PMID- 6807322 TI - Effect of spironolactone on bilirubin metabolism in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa. AB - In vitro and in vivo experimental models were designed for the study of the effect of spironolactone (SP) on bilirubin metabolism in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa. In vitro studies included uptake of bilirubin by liver slices and intestinal sheets, determination of glucuronyltransferase activity in mucosal homogenates, and the handling of bilirubin by the isolated perfused liver after bilirubin overload. In vitro studies were carried out to measure the plasma disappearance rate of bilirubin and to determine the extent of bilirubin conjugation and biliary excretion of the pigment infused intravenously. The results obtained suggested that the mechanisms involved in the uptake of bilirubin by tissues were not influenced by SP pretreatment. Glucuronyltransferase activity in the small intestinal mucosa was significantly induced by SP, as previously observed in rat liver. Isolated perfused livers from SP-treated rats, as well as treated living rats, exhibited a greater than normal capacity for bilirubin excretion into bile at the expense of bilirubin diglucuronide. Conjugated bilirubin in the small intestinal mucosa of rats infused with unconjugated pigment was also increased after SP pretreatment. The results favoured the conclusion that SP is an inducer of bilirubin conjugation in the livers as well as in extrahepatic tissues, such as the small intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6807323 TI - Inhibition by valproic acid of pyruvate uptake by brain mitochondria. AB - The anticonvulsive drug, valproic acid, inhibits competitively the pyruvate carrier in rat brain and liver mitochondria. Due to this inhibition the oxygen consumption supported by pyruvate oxidation is also affected. In our experimental conditions, pyruvate oxidation is partially inhibited by VPA concentration as low as 0.05 mM. Valproic acid, however, is unable, even at 10 mM, to fully inhibit pyruvate oxidation. Concentrations of VPA higher than 1 mM have an uncoupling effect on mitochondrial respiration. The oxidation of other mitochondrial substrates such as isocitrate, 2-ketoglutarate, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate and succinate is uncoupled but not inhibited by VPA. The effects of VPA on mitochondrial metabolism may be related to the therapeutic and/or toxicologic properties of this drug. PMID- 6807324 TI - Effect of BW755C on prostaglandin synthesis in the rat stomach. PMID- 6807325 TI - Inhibitory action of macrocyclic polyamines on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6807326 TI - Light and electron microscopy of liver in hyperlipoproteinemic patients under long-term gemfibrozil treatment. AB - The effects of long-term gemfibrozil (Lopid) therapy on human liver structure are not known. Studies of this nature are becoming essential in determining the risk/benefit ratio since gemfibrozil is an effective agent for the control of hyperlipoproteinemia types IIa, IIb, and IV. Particularly, gemfibrozil is effective when dietary management or available therapeutic control fail to reduce serum cholesterol and triglycerides as well as normalizing the lipoprotein pattern. Percutaneous liver biopsies of 9 patients on long-term gemfibrozil therapy were evaluated by light microscopy, interference contrast optics and transmission electron microscopy. The distribution of patients according to lipoprotein phenotype was 3 Type IIa, 3 Type IIb, and 3 Type IV. Their lipoprotein patterns approached normal and the serum lipids were controlled during gemfibrozil therapy. By light microscopy, the lobular architecture and other parameters were within normal limits. Varying degrees of fatty change were found as would be expected. No preferential lobular disposition of the fat globules was evident. Coalescence of fat droplets, nuclear displacement and fatty cysts were noted. Differential interference contrast microscopy revealed several degrees of contrast amplitude in these droplets suggesting a heterogeneous lipid deposition in hepatocytes. The subcellular analysis revealed a moderate degree of glycogen deposition, absence of nuclear abnormalities and unremarkable mitochondria; the rough endoplasmic reticulum was not significantly altered and smooth surfaced membranes appeared proliferated. Detailed analysis of the peroxisome population showed matrix rarefaction, marginal plate formation and spurious densities though no significant proliferation occurred. Distribution of peroxisomes in hepatocytes varied widely from cell to cell and in different lobular areas. This study confirmed the association of hepatic fatty change with hyperlipoproteinemia irrespective of the pattern observed in circulating lipoproteins. Peroxisome proliferation, as seen in rodents when receiving gemfibrozil, did not occur and the structure of these subcellular organelles was not compromised. It was concluded that the long-term administration of this compound did not show adverse effects on the hepatocyte in hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 6807327 TI - Genetic mediation of lipoprotein cholesterol and apoprotein concentrations in the baboon (Papio sp.). AB - Genetic effects on serum lipoprotein and apoprotein concentrations were investigated using a paternal half-sib design with 79 progeny of 6 sires. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) were observed among sire progeny groups at 4-6 years of age for serum cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apoA-I concentrations. A sire effect (P less than 0.10) also was observed for VLDL + LDL cholesterol concentrations, but differences were not observed (P greater than 0.10) among sire progeny groups for apoB concentrations. Estimates of heritability were 0.54 for serum cholesterol, 0.32 for VLDL + LDL cholesterol, 0.78 for HDL cholesterol, 0.56 for apoA-I, and 0.20 for apoB concentration. Genetic (rg) and environmental (re) correlations among serum cholesterol, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apoprotein concentrations were positive except for the negative genetic relationships of apoA-I with apoB (rg = -0.74) and with VLDL + LDL cholesterol (rg = -0.30) concentrations. The phenotypic correlation (rp = 0.31) of VLDL + LDL cholesterol with HDL cholesterol was due entirely to the genetic contribution (0.31) since the environmental contribution was zero. The positive genetic relationship (rg = 0.62) of VLDL + LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol may be due to biochemical mechanisms controlling cholesterol turnover since the genetic correlations of VLDL + LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol with cholesterol turnover rate were both negative (-0.43 and -0.68, respectively). A strong negative genetic correlation (rg = -0.95) was observed between apoA-I and cholesterol turnover, a finding that suggests a close physiologic relationship between these variables. PMID- 6807329 TI - [Fecal excretion of bile acids in infantile diarrhea syndrome according to its developmental form]. PMID- 6807328 TI - [Serum bile acid levels in infantile diarrhea syndrome depending on its clinical course]. PMID- 6807330 TI - [An autopsy case of degenerative type myoclonus epilepsy associated with Friedreich's ataxia and mitochondrial myopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807331 TI - Independence of changes in left ventricular diastolic properties of pericardial pressure. AB - There has been much interest in the published reports as to the extent to which measured left ventricular diastolic properties are affected by the pericardium. In this study observations were made on 24 patients, seven days after cardiopulmonary bypass. Left ventricular dimensions were measured from echocardiographic recordings and left ventricular diastolic pressure assessed from measurements of isovolumic relaxation time. Pericardial pressure was measured directly using a small solid state transducer inserted into the pericardial space at the time of operation. Left ventricular diastolic properties were altered by either isometric handgrip or glyceryl trinitrate administration. Isometric handgrip produced an increase in cavity dimension at end-systole and diastole, with reduction in isovolumic relaxation time, suggesting an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; glyceryl trinitrate produced the reverse effect, with decreased cavity dimensions and prolongation of isovolumic relaxation time. These changes occurred in the absence of significant changes in pericardial pressure. We therefore conclude that even in the rather unusual conditions of the early postoperative period, when the sensitivity of pericardial pressure to small volume changes might be expected to be increased, substantial changes in left ventricular diastolic properties can occur without detectable alteration in pericardial pressure. PMID- 6807332 TI - Effect of cimetidine on gonadal function in man. AB - 1 To study the effect of cimetidine on gonadal function in man, eleven male subjects with chronic duodenal ulcer were given cimetidine orally at a dosage of 1000 mg per day 3 months and 400 mg nocte for the subsequent 3 months. 2 Testosterone levels were found to be elevated during therapy when compared to pre and post-treatment periods. Serum LH remained unchanged but FSH was increased during therapy. In five out of eleven subjects serum PRL levels were increased. Mean sperm count was lower during cimetidine therapy when compared with that after drug withdrawal. The motility and morphology of the spermatozoa were not affected. PMID- 6807334 TI - Acute pulmonary oedema following grand mal epilepsy and as a complication of electric shock therapy. AB - Two patients are described who developed acute pulmonary oedema: the first following a grand mal epileptic seizure of idiopathic origin, the second following electric shock therapy (ECT) for depression. Neither patient had any detectable underlying cardiopulmonary disease. The first patient recovered spontaneously but the second patient died of fulminant pulmonary oedema. This is the first report of neurogenic pulmonary oedema following ECT. PMID- 6807333 TI - Tocainide protein binding in normal volunteers and trauma patients. PMID- 6807337 TI - A study of ultrastructural alterations in experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis by electron-beam analysis. AB - An electron-beam X-ray microanalysis was carried out on sections of liver biopsy specimens obtained from chimpanzees infected with non-A, non-B hepatitis. The microanalysis was concentrated over areas where typical derangement of the endoplasmic reticulum, with the formation of tubular forms possessing walls with electron-dense central membrane, was visualized. These tubular structures are regarded as the most notable pathological alteration in affected hepatocytes. However, the electron-probe microanalysis showed no deviation of the energy spectrum when compared with the background or control analysis. PMID- 6807336 TI - Peritoneal macrophages which phagocytose autologous polymorphonuclear leucocytes in guinea-pigs. I: induction by irritants and microorgansisms and inhibition by colchicine. AB - In order to examine macrophages phagocytosing polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in detail, we established a new method, whereby a large number of PMN phagocytosing macrophages (PPMs) were easily induced. PPMs were harvested from the peritoneal cavity after thioglycollate medium, oyster glycogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), L. monocytogenes or S. aureus had been injected i.p. into guinea-pigs. When thioglycollate medium or oyster glycogen was injected i.p., the number of the PPM reached a peak 48 h later and PPM formed 20% or more of total macrophages. When L. monocytogenes or S. aureus was injected i.p., the ratio of PPM to total macrophages reached a peak 24 h later. Morphologically, some of the phagocytosed PMNs were not degenerated and the others were at various stages of degeneration. The ability of macrophages to phagocytose PMNs was suppressed when 10(-6) mol/kg of colchicine was administered i.p. 1 day after the injection of the irritants. PMID- 6807338 TI - Pituitary function in young women in a reformatory institution. AB - Pituitary function was assessed by measuring serum prolactin thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) before and after LH releasing hormone (LH-RH) (100 mg intravenously) and sulpiride (100 mg intramuscularly) administration in 13 young women in a reformatory institution, and in six employees of the same establishment with regular cycles, serving as control group. Ovarian endocrine activity was assessed with basal oestradiol estimations. Seven out of the 13 restricted women had secondary amenorrhea that began shortly after their imprisonment and six had regular cycles. Basal oestradiol concentration was similar in the three groups, but prolactin response to sulpiride was significantly higher in the control group than that in either group of inmates. Basal FSH, LH and TSH concentrations as well as FSH and TSH responses were not different in the three groups, but the LH response to LH-RH was significantly higher in the group of inmates with amenorrhea than that in the two remaining groups. PMID- 6807335 TI - Ultrastructural changes in nutritional cardiomyopathy of protein-calorie malnourished rats. AB - In this investigation, the ultrastructural features of the nutritional cardiomyopathy of protein-calorie-malnourished rats were examined. Protein calorie malnutrition was induced in young rats by feeding them a low-protein diet (4% protein) for 6 weeks. Control animals were fed a high-protein diet (16% protein). The deficient rats showed severe restriction of body-weight gain, fatty liver and hypoproteinaemia. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that the experimentally induced protein-calorie malnutrition brings about striking morphological changes in the heart of the rat. On light microscopy hyalinization an vacuolization of muscle fibres, loss of cross striations and myofibrils, small foci of necrosis, interstitial fibrosis and mononuclear-cell infiltration could be detected. The ultrastructural lesions were characterized by myofibrillar degeneration, contraction-band formation, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling, dehiscence of intercalated discs, and widened interstitial spaces, especially around vessels, due to oedema fluid and cellular infiltration by mononuclear cells an activated fibroblasts with collagen fibres and microfibrils. In addition, an increase in relative heart weight was also observed. The potential role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of this cardiomyopathy is discussed. PMID- 6807340 TI - Acid-base properties of ionophore A23187 in methanol-water solutions and bound to unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. AB - The acid-base properties of ionophore A23187 in methanol-water solutions (0--95% w/w) and bound to unilamellar vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine were examined by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectroscopy, and the spectral properties for the acidic and basic forms were defined under these conditions. Standard mixed-solvent buffers were employed to calibrate pH measurement in the methanol-water solvents. In 65% methanol-water, two protonation equilibria were observed, the most basic of which displayed a value for the logarithm of the protonation constant (log KH) of 7.19 +/- 0.05 at 25 degrees C and 0.05 M ionic strength. Instability of A23187 was encountered below pH approximately 4; however, decomposition was slow enough to allow log KH for the more acidic equilibrium to be estimated as 1.28. Comparison of these results to those obtained with the methyl ester of A23187 (log KH = 1.32) and literature values for other model compounds allowed assignment of the more basic equilibrium to the carboxylic acid moiety and the more acidic one to the N-methylamino substituent of the benzoxazole ring. log KH of the carboxylic acid increased from 5.69 +/- 0.05 to 9.37 +/- 0.05 over the range of solvent polarity encompassed by water to 95% methanol-water. Values for the ground state (absorption) and first excited state (fluorescence) were equal within experimental error. The logarithm of the protonation constant for the membrane-bound ionophore, measured under conditions where the surface potential generated by ionization did not significantly alter the equilibrium, was found to be 7.85 +/- 0.05 at 25 degrees C and at ionic strength of 0.05 M in the aqueous phase. The value agrees with that observed in 80% methanol-water, as does the wavelength of maximum fluorescence emission for the membrane-bound free acid. An interfacial location for the monoprotonated form of the benzoxazolate moiety is proposed, both above and below the membrane phase transition temperature. The location of other regions of the A23187 molecule could not be assessed from these data. PMID- 6807341 TI - Purification of three iron-sulfur proteins from the iron-protein fragment of mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase. AB - A fragment containing non-heme iron and acid-labile sulfide but little flavin can be solubilized from the mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex with chaotropic agents. This iron-protein fragment [Hatefi, Y., & Stempel, K. E. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 2350] has been resolved with detergents and ammonium sulfate fractionation into iron and acid-labile sulfide containing fractions, here called ISP-I and ISP-(II + III). ISP-I consists predominantly of a single polypeptide of molecular weight 75000. ISP-(II + III) consists predominantly of three polypeptides in equimolar concentrations with molecular weights of 49,000, 30000, and 13000. Treatment of the latter with sodium trichloroacetate followed by ammonium sulfate fraction results in separation of the 49000 molecular weight polypeptide from the two smaller subunits. Both of these subfractions (ISP-II and ISP-III, respectively) contain non-heme iron. The three iron-sulfur proteins have been characterized by their absorption spectra and iron and acid-labile sulfide contents. On the basis of the distribution of iron among the fractions obtained from chaotropic resolution of the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex, a minimum of six or seven iron-sulfur centers are present in this enzyme. PMID- 6807339 TI - Mechanism of coumarin action: sensitivity of vitamin K metabolizing enzymes of normal and warfarin-resistant rat liver. AB - The in vitro effects of two coumarin anticoagulants, warfarin and difenacoum, on rat liver microsomal vitamin K dependent carboxylase, vitamin K epoxidase, vitamin K epoxide reductase, and cytosolic vitamin K reductase (DT-diaphorase) from the livers of normal and a warfarin-resistant strain of rats have been determined. Millimolar concentrations of both coumarins are required to inhibit the carboxylase and epoxidase activities in both strains of rats. Sensitivity of DT-diaphorase to coumarin inhibition differs when a soluble or liposomal associated substrate is used, but the diaphorases isolated from both strains of rats have comparable sensitivity. The anticoagulant difenacoum is an effective rodenticide in the warfarin-resistant strain of rats, and the only enzyme studied from warfarin-resistant rat liver that demonstrated a significant differential inhibition by the two coumarins used was the vitamin K epoxide reductase. This enzyme also showed the greatest sensitivity to coumarin inhibition among the enzymes studied. These results support the hypothesis that the physiologically important site of action of coumarin anticoagulants is the vitamin K epoxide reductase. PMID- 6807343 TI - Acquisition of native conformation of ribosomal 5S ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli. Hydrodynamic and spectroscopic studies on the unfolding and refolding of ribonucleic acid. AB - In a continuing effort to decipher the molecular mechanism of ribosome self assembly [e.g., Dunn, J. M., & Wong, K.-P. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 4380-4385], the mechanism of folding of 5S RNA was investigated by unfolding and refolding studies using several physical techniques including circular dichroism (CD), UV absorption spectroscopy, and sedimentation velocity analysis to monitor various conformational changes. The 5S RNA was unfolded by using 6 M urea and EDTA, and an unfolded state was characterized in which the base pairing was found to be disrupted, but extensive base stacking remained. The unfolded 5S RNA was then refolded upon removal of urea and EDTA by dialysis against a reconstitution buffer both with and without Mg2+, and the refolded states were characterized. The results indicate that under the proper conditions, 5S RNA refolds to a conformation and overall shape very similar to the native conformation. These results indicate that the nucleotide sequence in 5S RNA contains the necessary information to direct the folding of the RNA into its native conformation. The presence of an appropriate concentration of Mg2+ and an incubation at 60 degrees C are required for the correct refolding, since omission of either one results in a renatured 5S RNA whose conformation is quite different from the native one. PMID- 6807342 TI - Calcium-dependent alpha-helical structure in osteocalcin. AB - Osteocalcin is an abundant Ca2+-binding protein of bone containing three residues of vitamin K dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) among its 49 (human, monkey, cow) or 50 (chicken) amino acids. Gla side chains participate directly in the binding of Ca2+ ions and the adsorption of osteocalcin to hydroxylapatite (HA) surfaces in vivo and in vitro. Osteocalcin exhibits a major conformational change when Ca2+ is bound. Metal-free chicken osteocalcin is a random coil with only 8% of its residues in the alpha helix as revealed by circular dichroism. In the presence of physiological levels of Ca2+, 38% of the protein adopts the alpha helical conformation with a transition midpoint at 0.75 mM Ca2+ in a rapid, reversible fashion which (1) requires an intact disulfide bridge, (2) is proportionally diminished when Gla residues are decarboxylated to Glu, (3) is insensitive to 1.5 m NaCl, and (4) can be mimicked by other cations. Tyr fluorescence, UV difference spectra, and Tyr reactivity to tetranitromethane corroborate the conformational change. Homologous monkey osteocalcin also exhibits Ca2+-dependent structure. Integration of predictive calculations from osteocalcin sequence has yielded a structural model for the protein, the dominant features of which include two opposing alpha-helical domains of 9-12 residues each, connected by a bea turn and stabilized by the Cys23-Cys29 disulfide bond. Cation binding permits realization of the full alph a-helical potential by partial neutralization of high anionic charge in the helical domains. Periodic Gla occurrence at positions 17, 21, and 24 has been strongly conserved throughout evolution and places all Gla side chains on the same face of one alpha helix spaced at intervals of approximately 5.4 A, closely paralleling the interatomic separation of Ca2+ in the HA lattice. Helical osteocalcin has greatly increased affinity for HA; thus, the Ca2+-induced structural transition may perform an informational role related to bone metabolism. PMID- 6807344 TI - Calcium does not mediate the shape change that follows ATP depletion in human erythrocytes. AB - Crenation, the shape change that follows ATP depletion in human erythrocytes, also follows ionphore-mediated Ca2+-loading. Experiments designed to test whether Ca2+ mediates metabolic crenation showed that: (1) an influx of extracellular Ca2+ is not required for metabolic crenation; (2) metabolic crenation is accompanied by a 70% increase in 86Rb+ permeability, a change much smaller than the increase expected if crenating concentrations of Ca2+ were released from bound intracellular pools; (3) A23187 plus EGTA, a treatment that depletes intracellular Ca2+ and stops Ca2+ crenation, does not affect metabolic crenation; (4) calmodulin inhibitors do not slow metabolic crenation. We conclude that Ca2+ does not mediate metabolic crenation. Albumin washes reverse Ca2+ crenation and metabolic crenation involve the accumulation of some amphiphilic species (e.g., lysolipid or diacylglycerol) in the cell membrane outer monolayer, and that ATP depletion induces a second crenating process which might be a reorganization of the cytoskeleton. PMID- 6807346 TI - Phospholipid metabolism of stimulated lymphocytes. Preferential incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids into plasma membrane phospholipid upon stimulation with concanavalin A. AB - Rabbit thymocytes were isolated and incubated for various lengths of time with concanavalin A. The cultures were pulsed for the last 12.5 min of incubation with equimolar mixtures of radioactively labelled fatty acids, either [3H]arachidonate and [14C]oleate or [3H]arachidonate and [14C]palmitate, and the uptake of each fatty acid into phospholipid of plasma membrane was determined. Upon binding of the mitogen, the fatty acids were incorporated at an increased rate with a new steady state being reached between 12.5 and 42.5 min after stimulation. Initially after 12.5 min, when the two fatty acids were added together, no preferential incorporation of the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonate was seen compared to the saturated or monounsaturated ones, palmitate or oleate. However shortly thereafter arachidonate, when compared to palmitate or oleate, started to be preferentially incorporated into plasma membrane phospholipid so that by 4 h after activation, only arachidonate was incorporated at an increased rate: the uptake of palmitate and oleate had reverted to that of unstimulated cells. In contrast, when palmitate or oleate were added alone, after 4 h of activation incorporation was increased similar to that of arachidonate, suggesting that all long chain fatty acids compete for the same activated enzyme(s). A detailed analysis of incorporation into phospholipid species showed that all fatty acids were taken up with the highest rate into phosphatidylcholine. After activation, fatty acid incorporation was increased by approx. 50% for phosphatidylcholine: the highest stimulation rates were observed with phosphatidylinositol (3-7-fold) and phosphatidylethanolamine (2-3-fold). The data suggest that shortly after stimulation with mitogens, the membrane phospholipids start to change by replacing saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids by polyunsaturated ones, thus creating a new membrane. PMID- 6807345 TI - Membrane lipids composition and metabolism during early embryonic development. Phospholipid subcellular distribution and 32P labeling. AB - Phospholipid composition and 32P metabolism were studied in oocytes and early developing embryos of the toad, Bufo arenarum, Hensel. The content and distribution of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, and diphosphatidylglycerol in embryos, whole oocytes, and the subcellular fractions of both were determined. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major constituents of yolk platelet. Diphosphatidylglycerol was confined to the mitochondrial fraction, where it represented about 7% of the total phosphoacylglycerols. Relatively large amounts of sphingomyelin were found in microsomal and postmicrosomal supernatants. After in vivo labeling with 32P, the early development of individual phospholipids in subcellular fractions and in whole eggs was followed. The greatest uptake was found in mitochondrial and yolk platelet fractions. A steady increase in the amount of 32P present in phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol was seen in the whole embryo from oocyte to late gastrula stage and in all subcellular fractions. Phosphatidic acid exhibited a slight decrease in specific activity, except in the yolk platelet fraction. This high 32P incorporation would indicate a rapid and uneven polar headgroup turnover determined by phospholipid class and subcellular fraction. At the same time, the phospholipid content of the subcellular fractions studied remained unchanged during early embryogenesis. Moreover, 32P was actively incorporated into the individual phospholipids in the absence of measurable net synthesis. PMID- 6807347 TI - Aggregation properties of beta-galactosidase of human urine and degradation of its natural substrates by a purified preparation of the enzyme. AB - Acid beta-D-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) was purified to near homogeneity from normal human urine by two affinity chromatography steps. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate the major protein band had an apparent molecular weight of 59000, thus being 5000 daltons smaller than the protein purified from human liver. Upon gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 column the purified enzyme had an apparent molecular weight of 70000 of pH 7.0. At pH 4.0 partial aggregation to a dimer of an apparent molecular weight of 150000 was found. Addition of 0.1 M galactose caused at pH 3.5, but not at pH 4.0 and 7.0, an increased formation of multimeric beta-galactosidase which eluted with the void volume of the column. Crude beta-galactosidase from human urine showed a higher aggregation tendency than the purified enzyme. None of the conditions produced an enzyme species of an apparent molecular weight of less than 40000. pH-activity profiles were measured against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactoside, 3H-labelled GM1-ganglioside, [3H]keratan sulfate and the pentasaccharide O-beta-(1 leads to 4)-[6 3H]galactopyranosyl-O-beta-(1 leads to 2)-2-deoxy-2-acetamidoglycopyranosyl-O alpha-(1 leads to 6)-mannopyranosyl-O-beta-(1 leads to 4)-mannopyranosyl-2-deoxy 2-acetamidoglucopyranoside. While p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside and GM1 ganglioside were optimally hydrolyzed at pH 4.0, keratan sulfate and the pentasaccharide were optimally degraded at pH 4.3 and pH 5.0, respectively. With the chromogenic substrate and with GM1-ganglioside Km values of 0.33 mM were calculated. At pH 3.5 the hydrolysis of the synthetic substrate did not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Two enzyme species appeared with Km values of 0.006 mM and 3.2 mM, respectively. The affinity of beta-galactosidase for [3H]keratan sulfate and the 3H-labelled pentasaccharide was at least one order of magnitude lower than for the amphiphilic substrates. Keratan sulfate and GM1-ganglioside did not act as competitive inhibitors of p-nitrophenyl-beta-galactosidase at the concentration tested. These findings could be explained by the existence of different binding sites for the substrates used. PMID- 6807348 TI - The limited fragmentation of porcine haemolytic immunoglobulin M. Evidence that haemolytic activity depends on the number of Fab arms that can attach to the erythrocyte surface. AB - Methods previously developed in this laboratory for the proteolytic removal of limited numbers of Fab arms from the IgM molecule have been used to study haemolytic activity. The gradual removal of arms produced a rapid decrease in complement-mediated lysis of erythrocytes but had a much slower effect on their agglutination. Therefore a stage was reached at which molecules with four Fab arms gave good agglutination but did not cause cell lysis. The same result was obtained whether Fab arms were removed randomly by pepsin or in pairs by trypsin. Hence the non-lytic nature of these molecules was independent of the arrangement of their remaining Fab arms. A sharp decrease in haemolytic activity was also obtained under conditions of high antibody concentration when the IgM molecular could attach only a few of its Fab arms to the erythrocyte surface. Possible explanations for the dependence of haemolytic activity on the number of Fab arms discussed. PMID- 6807349 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Inhibition studies of the alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhUF. AB - Different metal binding inhibitors of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, similarly affect the Drosophila melanogaster AdhS and AdhUF alleloenzymes. However, binding is generally weaker and the experiments show that the alleloenzymes although not zinc metalloenzymes, behave to the metal binding reagents very much as if they were. The metal-directed, affinity-labelling, imidazole derivative BrImPpOH reversibly inhibits, but does not inactivate the alleolenzymes. This confirms there is no active site metal atom with cysteine as a metal ligand, as found in zinc alcohol dehydrogenases. Pyrazole is a strong ethanol-competitive inhibitor of AdhS and AdhUF alleloenzymes. Formation of the ternary enzyme-NAD-pyrazole complex gives an absorption increase between 295-330 nm. This enables an active site titration to be performed and the determination of epsilon (305 nm) of 15.8 . 10(3) M-1 . cm-1. Inhibition experiments with imidazole confirm that with secondary alcohols such as propan-2-ol, a Theorell Chance mechanism predominates, but with ethanol and primary alcohols, interconversion of the ternary complexes is rate limiting. Salicylate is a coenzyme competitive inhibitor and KEI suggests that the coenzyme adenosine binding region is similar is Drosophila and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase is found not to form a ternary complex with NADH and isobutyramide. In this and other properties it is like carboxymethyl liver alcohol dehydrogenase. Both Drosophila and carboxymethyl alcohol dehydrogenase bind coenzyme in a similar manner to native horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, but substrate binding differs between each. Inhibition by Cibacrone blue, indicates that amino acid 192 which is lysine in AdhS and threonine in AdhUF, is located in the coenzyme-binding region. Proteolytic activity present in preparations of alcohol dehydrogenase from D. melanogaster, is considered due to a metalloprotease, for which BrImPpOH is a potent inactivator. PMID- 6807350 TI - Tritium isotope effects in the reaction catalyzed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain P.J. 874. AB - Tritium isotope effects in the reaction catalyzed by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate:oxygen oxidoreductase (hydroxylating, decarboxylating), EC 1.13.11.27) from Pseudomonas sp. strain P.J. 874 were studied with 14C- and different 3H-labelled 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate. Tritium of ring-2,6-3H2-labelled substrate was released into water in 1:2 stoichiometry to 14CO2 formation. The tritium release from ring-3,5-3H2- and side chain-3-3H1 labelled 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate was low as compared with 14CO2 formation. The apparent tritium isotope effects were below two, as judged by comparison of 3H/14C ratios of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate and homogentisate. The ratios showed no dependence on oxygen concentrations between 1 and 21% in the gas phase. Thus, a tritium assay can be used to determine the activity of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase. Apparently, none of the substrate hydrogens is involved in any rate limiting step up to the first irreversible step. enol-4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate was excluded as the active substrate tautomer. PMID- 6807351 TI - Alcohol dehydrogenase from the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. Substrate specificity of the alleloenzymes AdhS and AdhUF. AB - The substrate specificity of the two alleloenzymes AdhS an AdhUF from Drosophila melanogaster has been studied and found to be similar. With most of the secondary alcohols, the Vm value is essentially the same, and indicative of a Theorell Chance mechanism with rate-limiting enzyme-coenzyme dissociation. The experiments indicate that the enzyme-coenzyme complex formed with AdhUF dissociates at a faster rate than the corresponding complex with AdhS. For primary alcohols the Vm value is much lower than for secondary alcohols, varies with the type of alcohol and the dissociation of the enzyme-coenzyme complex is not rate limiting. For these alcohols a primary isotope effect with deuteroethanol indicates that it is the interconversion of the ternary complexes that is rate determining. Studies with the enantiomers of butan-2-ol and octan-2-ol show that both alkyl groups in the secondary alcohols interact hydrophobically with the alcohol-binding region of the active site. However, the two parts of the alcohol-binding region that interact with the two alkyl groups are of different size. The high activity observed with secondary alcohols and especially with (R)-(+)-cis-verbenol, indicates that these flies can metabolize terpenes. Such compounds may be part of the pheromone system in the flies with D. melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase playing a role in pheromone metabolism. PMID- 6807353 TI - D-alanine ester-containing glycerophosphoglycolipids in the membrane of gram positive bacteria. PMID- 6807352 TI - Studies on thermal adaptation in Tetrahymena membrane lipids. Modification of positional distribution of phospholipid acyl chains in plasma membranes, mitochondria and microsomes. AB - The positional distribution of fatty acyl chains in major glycerophospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and 2-aminoethylphosphonolipid) of three membrane fractions (plasma membranes, mitochondria and microsomes) of the thermotolerant Tetrahymena pyriformis NT-1 cells was analyzed at various time intervals within 10 h after a temperature shift from 39 to 15 degrees C. During this period of acclimation there were no changes in both the total phospholipid content and its proportional composition. At the 1-position, the content of palmitate in phosphatidylethanolamine (present solely in diacyl type), diacylphosphatidylcholine, and diacyl-(2-aminoethyl)phosphonolipid was decreased progressively after temperature-shift, while gamma-linolenate increased in a complementary fashion, in mitochondria and microsomes. The increase in the percentage of linoleate was compensated by the decrease in oleate at the 2 position of two 1,2-diacylphospholipids. On the other hand, as for 1-alkyl-2-acyl phospholipids, a marked increment in gamma-linolenate occurred, with a decline of oleate and linoleate at the 2-position of 1-alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine, but no significant alterations were seen at the 2-position of 1-alkyl-2-acyl-(2 aminoethyl)phosphonolipid. The results suggest that the newly modified phospholipid molecular species such as 1-gamma-linolenoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine and 1-hexadecyl-2-gamma-linolenoyl-phosphatidylcholine disseminate rapidly to other cell compartments and that they would play a pivotal role in the adaptive amelioration of altered membrane physical states during the cold acclimation. PMID- 6807354 TI - Encapsulation, with high efficiency, of radioactive metal ions in liposomes. AB - The encapsulation of radioactive metalic cations, such as 111In3+ or 67Ga3+, in the internal aqueous compartment of liposomes can be achieved with an efficiency of about 90%. The efficient loading of a high specific activity of cations into liposomes involves the transport of 111In3+ or 67Ga3+ through the lipid bilayer to an encapsulated strong chelate, such as nitrilotriacetic acid, by 8 hydroxyquinoline, in conjunction with an efficient anion-exchange resin technique for the removal of the external cations. The efficiency of loading cations to liposomes is affected markedly by the concentration of 8-hydroxyquinoline-metal, and the presence of the chelating agents in the loading incubation mixture. However, the loading efficiency is not affected by the pH of the internal aqueous compartment of liposomes over a range of pH 5-9, the concentration of the liposomes, the method of liposomal preparation, the lamellar structure of the liposomes, and the composition of liposomes. Furthermore, the loading procedures do not appear to affect the size and the permeability of liposomes. There is a good agreement in the tissue distributions of the liposomes prepared by the present loading methods and those by the conventional method of encapsulation by sonication. Liposomes entrapping high specific activity of 67Ga3+ or 111In3+ will be useful for future studies of the in vivo kinetics of liposomes by the combined techniques of scintigraphic imaging and the gamma-ray perturbed angular correlation. PMID- 6807355 TI - Tyrosine oxidation and protein turnover in maternal tissues and the fetus during pregnancy in rats. AB - Protein metabolism was examined in rats during the anabolic and subsequent catabolic phase of pregnancy. Protein synthesis in maternal muscle and liver, whole body amino acid flux and [14C]tyrosine oxidation was measured twice during each phase. Protein fractional synthesis and breakdown rates in the fetus and placenta were determined. 1. Muscle protein synthetic rate increased during the anabolic phase and fell during the catabolic phase. Muscle protein increased during the anabolic phase. 2. Liver protein increased by the end of pregnancy with no change in synthetic rates indicating reduced rates of breakdown. 3. Amino acid flux increased during the catabolic phase of pregnancy indicating increases in whole body protein synthesis. The increases were of sufficient magnitude to permit the deposition of protein occurring in fetuses and placentas during this period. 4. 14CO2 production from infused [14C]tyrosine remained unchanged during the anabolic phase of pregnancy but fell during the catabolic phase due mainly to dilution of label by increased amino acid flux. 5. Maternal protein anabolism is mediated by increased muscle protein synthesis rather than by decreased amino acid catabolism. 6. A 61% fall in protein breakdown rate assists fetal protein deposition during the last 4 days of pregnancy. PMID- 6807357 TI - [Binding of Ca2+ ions to bovine alpha-lactalbumin. Intrinsic protein fluorescence changes]. AB - Binding of Ca2+ ion to bovine alpha-lactalbumin molecule causes a conformational change reflected in an almost two-fold decrease of the fluorescence quantum yield and a rather pronounced spectral shift towards shorter wavelengths (by ca. 20 nm). The changes could be interpreted as a result of a transfer of highly exposed tryptophan residue(s) into a rigid internal part of the protein molecule containing effective quenching groups (probably, vicinal disulphide bridges). The Ca2+ binding constant evaluated from EGTA--and pH-titrations is (3-6) X 10(8) M 1. The results of the spectrofluorometric pH-titration of alpha-lactalbumin in the presence of various Ca2+ concentrations suggest that the well-known acid conformational change in alpha-lactalbumin is due in fact to a competitive replacement of the bound Ca2+ by three H+ ions (pK = 5.0 +/- 0.1) in the Ca2+ binding site. PMID- 6807356 TI - The formation of mixed disulphides in rat lung following paraquat administration. Correlation with changes in intermediary metabolism. AB - We have investigated the hypothesis that the formation of mixed disulphides between protein sulphydryl and glutathione may be responsible for controlling the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway and fatty acid synthesis in rat lung. Using lung slices, taken form rats 2 h after dosing with a range of concentrations (5-80 mg/kg) of the pulmonary toxin paraquat, the pentose phosphate pathway was found to be stimulated in direct proportion to a reduction in fatty acid synthesis. These effects were also linearly related to an increase in mixed (total) disulphide levels in the lung. This was quantitatively similar to an increase in mixed (glutathione) disulphides, although non-protein sulphydryl and oxidised glutathione levels remained normal. Thus, an early biochemical event in the mechanism of the paraquat toxicity in the lung involves an increased formation of mixed (glutathione) disulphides and simultaneous regulation of pentose phosphate pathway activity and fatty acid synthesis. These data support the concept that the formation of mixed disulphides of protein and glutathione is a mechanism for maintaining NADPH levels despite the 'redox' stress caused by the cyclical and NADPH dependent reduction and reoxidation of paraquat. PMID- 6807358 TI - [Ion-exchanging ratio and membrane potential in the bacterium S. faecalis]. AB - The membrane potentials (delta psi) in S. faecalis equal to -140 mV were measured by means of TPP+-electrodes. The values of delta psi remain constant under temperature variation from 37 degrees to 18 degrees C. The ion-exchanging ratio during glycolysis was 2H+: Lac-: K+ where 2H+ and Lac- are liberated from the cell. It is not excluded that an electrogenic pump exchanging 2H+ by K+ operates in the membrane of S. faecalis. PMID- 6807359 TI - [Different accessibility to RNase T1 of 5S- and 5.8S-rRNA in 60S subunits and 80S ribosomes of yeast]. AB - The accessibility of RNase T1 hydrolysis of small rRNAs in 60S subunits and 80S yeast cytoplasmic ribosomes was studied. It was shown that in 60S subunit 5S and 5.8S rRNAs are hydrolyzed by RNase T1, whereas in 80S ribosome no hydrolysis occurs. The participation of small rRNAs in the association of ribosomal subunits is discussed. PMID- 6807360 TI - [Effect of polyethylene glycol on flagellin and bacterial flagella]. PMID- 6807362 TI - Aging of the reproductive system in the male hamster: behavioral and endocrine patterns. PMID- 6807361 TI - Analysis of androgen action on pituitary gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in ewes. AB - To study the role of androgens in the control of gonadotropin and prolactin secretion in ther ewe, we have characterized androgen receptors in pituitary cytosol, and investigated the effect of androgens on pituitary hormone release in vivo and in vitro. High affinity, low capacity receptors, with an affinity for methyltrienolone (R1881) greater than 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT) greater than testosterone (T) much greater than androstenedione (A4), estradiol 17 beta (E2) and progesterone (P), were identified in pituitary cytosol. Addition of 1 nM 5 alpha-DHT, but not A4, inhibited luteinizing hormone (LH) release from pituitary cells in vitro, induced by 10(10) to 10(-7) M luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). The release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) with 10(-9) M LHRH was inhibited when cells were incubated with 1 nM 5 alpha-DHT. 5 alpha-DHT had no effect when higher or lower doses of LHRH were used. In ovariectomized ewes, neither an i.v. injection of 1 mg, nor intracarotid injections of up to 1 mg, 5 alpha-DHT affected plasma LH, FSH or prolactin levels, despite dose-related increases in plasma 5 alpha-DHT levels. Daily or twice daily i.m. injections of 5 mg 5 alpha-DHT in oil did not affect LH or FSH levels, but daily injections of 20 mg significantly reduced plasma LH levels within 4 days and plasma FSH levels within 6 days. Thus, despite the presence of androgen receptors in the ewe pituitary, we conclude that androgens per se are of minimal importance in the regulation of pituitary LH, FSH and prolactin secretion in the ewe. The low binding affinity of A4 and the lack of its effect on hormone secretion in vitro suggests that A4 may act as an estrogen precursor rather than an androgenic hormone. The function of the pituitary androgen receptor remains to be established. PMID- 6807363 TI - In vivo and in vitro production of progestins by the corpus luteum of pregnancy of the hamster. AB - Synthesis by hamster corpora lutea (CL) in vitro and serum levels of progesterone (P4), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20DHP) were assessed for different days of pregnancy (Day 1=day of sperm; Day 16=day of delivery). Highest serum levels of the progestins were observed on Day 14 (P4=33 ng/ml; 17OHP=2 ng/ml; 20DHP=3 ng/ml), followed by precipitous declines on Day 16. The highest in vitro levels of luteal P4 and 17OHP were attained on Days 2-6 (production rates of P4=9-30 ng/mg CL/h; 17OHP=0.6-1.5 ng/mg CL/h), and dropped gradually thereafter. In contrast, the production rate of luteal 20DHP was extremely low on Days 2-8 but abruptly increased on Day 10 and was maintained through Day 14 (4-8 ng/mg CL/h). The in vitro production rates of all 3 progestins dropped abruptly on Day 16. Thus, in the pregnant hamster on the day of parturition (Day 16) there was good agreement between in vivo and in vitro levels of the progestins, contrary to the situation in the rat, where on Day 22 the CL in vitro produce large quantities of P4 and 20DHP while the serum levels are very low (Taya and Greenwald, 1981). Addition of 25 ng/ml of ovine LH to the incubation media containing hamster CL increased production rates of P4 (18-55 ng/mg CL/h) and 17OHP (1.5-2.4 ng/mg CL/h) on Days 2, 4 and 14 of pregnancy but the CL were refractory to this dose of LH from Days 6 to 12. The production rate of luteal 20DHP ws never stimulated by the addition of 25 ng LH. These results indicate that P4 is the principal progestin in the pregnant hamster with 17OHP and 20DHP as minor metabolites. The latter 2 progestins have been measured for the first time in the pregnant hamster and the levels are very low in comparison to the pregnant rat. PMID- 6807364 TI - A new proteinaceous factor participating in the rat ejaculate coagulation- identification, isolation and function. AB - A protein substance reacting with basic protein of rat seminal vesicle secretion, present in serum, testicular and epididymal homogenates and on unwashed spermatozoa, has been identified and isolated. The protein is partly of testicular origin, its concentration in male sera, testes and epididymides being age dependent and highest in sexually mature males. After castration, its concentration in male sera fails about 15%, to a comparable value present in female sera of the same age. The presence of this, as yet unrecognized, protein (molecular weight estimated at 163000) on epididymal spermatozoa is necessary for the in vitro coagulation of rat seminal vesicle proteins. PMID- 6807365 TI - Detection and partial characterization of two bovine pregnancy-specific proteins. AB - Two pregnancy-specific proteins were detected by immunoelectrophoresis using antisera developed to homogenates of bovine extraembryonic membranes. Antisera also reacted to extracts of endometrium from pregnant cows and extraembryonic fluids. However, antisera did not react with a preparation presumed to be bovine placental lactogen, fetuin, extracts of various somatic tissues from pregnant cows or extracts of endometrium from nonpregnant cows. One of the proteins had an estimated molecular weight of 65,000-70,000, an isoelectric point of 4.6-4.8 and yielded a reaction of identity with bovine alpha 1-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion. The second protein yielded a reaction of identity with bovine alpha 1-fetoprotein by immunodiffusion. The second protein had no immunological cross-reactivity with the known proteins or organ extracts which were tested. The molecular weight and isoelectric point was 47,000-53,000 and 4.0-4.4, respectively. These data demonstrate the presence of at least 2 pregnancy specific proteins in cattle. PMID- 6807369 TI - [Experimental Mycoplasma panophthalmitis]. PMID- 6807366 TI - Equine luteinizing hormone possesses follicle-stimulating hormone activity in hypophysectomized female rats. AB - The ability of equine luteinizing hormone (eLH) to promote follicular growth and maturation in hypophysectomized rats has been assessed. A single injection of equine LH has been shown to promote the growth of a large number of antral and preovulatory follicles. In addition, equine LH markedly increased serum estrogen levels and uterine weight. Furthermore, equine LH, like equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG; PMSG) was able to significantly enhance the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into ovarian DNA, an activity shown to be specific to hormones having follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) activity. Equine LH treated with an FSH antibody immunoaffinity column to remove any possible contamination still exhibited the above activity, demonstrating that the FSH activity is intrinsic to the eLH molecule. Equine LH has also been shown to be capable of inducing LH receptors in granulosa cells of ovaries of hypophysectomized rats, an activity specific to FSH-like hormones. From the doses required of eLH and the degree of response observed, it is concluded, however, that eLH in the hypophysectomized rat is less active than eCG as an FSH. PMID- 6807370 TI - [Effect of meningococcal lipopolysaccharide on the functional properties of blood platelets]. PMID- 6807367 TI - Dynamic viscoelastic studies on the mechanism of milk clotting process. AB - The reaction order of the clotting process of milk-rennet system was determined by an analysis of clotting curves obtained from the measurement of the complex rigidity at various concentrations of milk and rennet under the conditions of fixed weight ratio of rennet to milk. The results obtained show that the clotting process of milk-rennet system after gelation begins is described by a single first order reaction. At constant weight ratio of rennet to skim milk, it was found that G'00 increases almost linearly with increasing temperature. Under the conditions of a constant milk concentration and temperature, the latent period is inversly proportional to the enzyme concentration and the rate constant of gelation is proportional to the enzyme concentration. These results were discussed in terms of Payens' theory of enzymatic clotting processes and Ziff's theory of the kinetics of polymer gelation. PMID- 6807368 TI - Flows of red blood cell suspensions through narrow two-dimensional channels. AB - Apparent viscosity and mean channel hematocrits have been measured at various shear rates and feed hematocrits for red blood cell (RBC) suspensions flowing in two-dimensional channels. Three types of RBC were used in the suspensions : normal, partially hardened by heating at 50 degrees C and completely hardened by glutaraldehyde fixation. Channel height was varied from 20 to 200 mu and feed hematocrit from 5 to 55%. Measurements show that RBC deformability plays a dominant role in narrow channels and viscosity increases rapidly with decreasing cell deformability. Like in narrow tubes the apparent viscosity as well as the mean channel hematocrits decrease as the channel height is reduced. However the apparent viscosity in a channel remains slightly higher than the viscosity in a tube of diameter equal to the channel height. These results are consistent with the existence of a cell-depleted layer near the channel walls. PMID- 6807371 TI - [Effect of etmozin on thrombocyte aggregation capacity]. AB - It was shown in in vitro experiments that etmozin at a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml significantly suppressed (by 21%) platelet aggregation induced by ADP, but it had no effect on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid. In in vivo experiments etmozin was found to cause a marked suppression of tendon collagen-induced platelet aggregation in the doses 2-5 mg/kg having antiarrhythmic activity. Under suppressed platelet aggregation induced by indomethacin, the prostaglandin biosynthesis blocker etmozin displayed no antiaggregation effect. It is suggested that etmozin effects on ADP release from platelets play the main role in the mechanism of its antiaggregation action. PMID- 6807372 TI - Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor binding to von Willebrand's disease platelets. AB - A form of von Willebrand's disease has been described with enhanced ristocetin induced platelet aggregation and anodal migration of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein (type IIb). We studied two families with this form of von Willebrand's disease and macrothrombocytopenia. We have found that these platelets bind more of the normal and intermediate-sized multimers of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor than normal platelets. Analysis of the binding data show an increased affinity of these vWd platelets for the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor. These findings are consistent with an increased number of platelet receptors, which, either by their native topography or migration on the platelet surface, bind factor VIII/von Willebrand factor protein with greater affinity than normal platelets, platelets of other vWd patients, and large platelets of other etiologies. PMID- 6807374 TI - Effects of selected organic compounds on radionuclide adsorption to sediments in freshwater systems. PMID- 6807375 TI - Dislodgeable insecticide residues on cotton foliage: carbaryl, cypermethrin, and methamidophos. PMID- 6807373 TI - Thrombin-mediated release of factor VIII antigen from human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. AB - We have examined the effects of purified human alpha-thrombin on factor VIII antigen (FVIII-Ag) release by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Alpha-thrombin induced a time and dose-dependent release of FVIII-Ag into supernatant medium. Alpha-thrombin-mediated FVIII-Ag release was not dependent on protein synthesis and was observed in both serum-free and serum-containing media. FVIII-Ag release, however, was prevented when the serine esterase activity of thrombin was inhibited. Pretreatment of human endothelial cells with alpha thrombin, but not diisofluorophosphate-thrombin, prevented subsequent FVIII-Ag release by alpha-thrombin. Thrombin-mediated FVII-Ag release was not associated with significant 51Cr release from prelabeled endothelial monolayers. We conclude that alpha-thrombin induces release of preformed FVIII-Ag from human umbilical vein endothelial cells by a receptor-independent, nonlytic mechanism requiring serine esterase activity. PMID- 6807376 TI - Carbaryl binds to proteins of human cells in culture but chlorinated organic chemicals do not. PMID- 6807377 TI - Presence of organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and mercury in Spanish human milk samples. PMID- 6807379 TI - PCBs in transformer oils. PMID- 6807380 TI - Predictability of PCBs in carp harvested in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. PMID- 6807378 TI - Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls and nutritional restriction on barbiturate induced sleeping times and selected blood characteristics in raccoons (Procyon lotor). PMID- 6807381 TI - Contamination of native fish stock by hexachlorobenzene and polychlorinated biphenyl residues. PMID- 6807382 TI - Toxicity of certain insecticides to protozoa. PMID- 6807384 TI - Psychological pressure in a renal unit. PMID- 6807383 TI - Toxicity of metabolites from Rhizopus spp. PMID- 6807385 TI - Psychiatric symptom patterns of chronic epileptics attending a neurological clinic: a controlled investigation. AB - The psychiatric morbidity of chronic epileptic out-patients unknown to psychiatric agencies was assessed using two questionnaire measures of psychopathology (GHQ and CCEI). Nearly half of the epileptics were classified as probable psychiatric cases. Psychiatric morbidity was both more prevalent and more severe in this group than in a comparison group of chronic neurological out patients. Depression, anxiety and hysterical symptomatology were the commonest characteristics of psychiatrically impaired epileptics. The type and severity of epilepsy were found to influence both the degree and pattern of psychiatric morbidity. Contrary to previous findings, age of onset had no relation to psychopathology. PMID- 6807386 TI - Effect of ECT on the neuroendocrine response to apomorphine in severely depressed patients. AB - Animal studies have suggested that the mechanism of the antidepressant action of ECT may be to increase monoaminergic post-synaptic receptor sensitivity. We have tested this hypothesis in 12 drug-free patients suffering from severe depression, 11 of whom had depressive delusions. The responses of growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol to 0.75 mg subcutaneous apomorphine were examined before and after a successful course of ECT. There were no significant differences between hormonal measurements on the two occasions, with the exception that basal plasma cortisol concentrations were significantly lower following ECT and recovery from depressive illness. These results do not support the hypothesis that ECT increases dopaminergic post-synaptic receptor sensitivity. PMID- 6807387 TI - Alcohol and disease: economic aspects. PMID- 6807388 TI - Causes of intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 6807389 TI - Osteomalacia in chronic liver disease. PMID- 6807390 TI - Absorption of isophane (NPH) insulin and its clinical implications. AB - Absorption of 125I-NPH insulin (125I-isophane insulin) (40 IU/ml) was studied in eight diabetics given 50% and 150% of their normal daily dose of insulin. Insulin absorption correlated with plasma insulin (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001) and blood glucose (r = -0.87, p less than 0.01) concentrations. Absorption was slower at higher doses, so that trebling the insulin dose only doubled the amount absorbed over the first 24 hours. The plasma elimination half time (t12) of insulin was about five minutes. Thus, the disappearance of radiolabelled insulin is a reliable and quantitative index of insulin absorption; subcutaneous degradation, if present, is minimal and constant. Changes in dise of intermediate-acting insulin further increases the large variation in insulin absorption. This implies that minor adjustments of intermediate insulin dosage are probably futile. PMID- 6807392 TI - Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and benign oesophageal stricture. AB - Drug histories were obtained from 76 patients at the time of initial Eder-Puestow dilatation for benign oesophageal stricture. Six patients had consumed drugs known to cause oesophageal ulceration (emepronium bromide and potassium preparations). Of the remaining 70 patients, 22 had regularly taken a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug before the onset of dysphagia compared with 10 patients in a control group matched for age and sex; this difference was significant (p less than 0.02). Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may have a causative role in the formation of oesophageal stricture in patients with gastro oesophageal reflux, in whom they should be prescribed with caution. PMID- 6807394 TI - Bladder fever: rare complication of the "safe period" method of contraception. PMID- 6807391 TI - Cyclosporin A as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease in 36 patients. AB - Oral cyclosporin A was used as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease in (a) 31 patients with acute leukaemia or aplastic anaemia given transplants of HLA matched bone marrow and (b) five patients with inborn errors of metabolism given transplants of haplotype-identical (parental) bone marrow. Twenty-six patients survived longer than two months after the operation. Despite the cyclosporin A, 31 patients (86%) suffered an acute form of graft-versus-host disease and 22 (61%) a chronic form. Nevertheless, the disease was usually treatable with immunosuppressive agents and caused the death of only one patient. Cyclosporin A caused renal toxicity in all cases; occasionally this was associated with a "capillary leak" syndrome, fatal in two patients. In children hypertension, fits, and fluid retention were common side effects. Blood concentrations of cyclosporin A correlated with blood urea values and blood pressure but did not predict the occurrence of graft-versus-host disease. Four different dose schedules were used to find the optimum way to administer this drug. Oral cyclosporin A is extremely effective at reducing the severity of graft-versus-host disease, but prevention of the disease is limited by toxicity of the drug and variable absorption. Better results might be achieved with parenteral administration or by using the drug in combination with other methods. PMID- 6807393 TI - Pregnancy after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. AB - Forty pregnancies have been documented in 27 patients with surgically corrected tetralogy of Fallot. Infertility was uncommon and there were no premature births and few abortions or small-for-dates babies; this suggests that surgery that corrects cyanosis improves the outcome of pregnancy by correcting the fetal environment. Pregnancy was well tolerated and there were no serious cardiac complications. Thirty of the 31 infants examined were normal, the one abnormal infant having pulmonary atresia. A patient with no major residual defects after surgery for tetralogy of Fallot may be reassured that pregnancy will be well tolerated and that delivery may be managed in the normal manner. PMID- 6807395 TI - Paracetamol interference with blood glucose analysis: a potentially fatal phenomenon. PMID- 6807396 TI - Guillain-Barre syndrome associated with Campylobacter infection. PMID- 6807397 TI - Acquired inhibitor to human factor VIII associated with paraproteinaemia and subsequent development of chronic lymphatic leukaemia. PMID- 6807398 TI - Serum and cyst concentrations of mebendazole and flubendazole in hydatid disease. PMID- 6807400 TI - Delayed rupture of stomach after blunt abdominal trauma. PMID- 6807401 TI - Practice policy. PMID- 6807402 TI - Medical records: an easy to use A4 age/sex filing system. PMID- 6807399 TI - Localised chondrocalcinosis in unstable joints. PMID- 6807404 TI - The GP and the specialist: geriatric medicine. PMID- 6807403 TI - The health visitor and prevention. PMID- 6807406 TI - Cost of anaesthesia. AB - The major contributory factor to the cost of anesthesia today are the increases in medical salaries that have kept pace with inflation, commanding 68% of the total expenditure. The current position has been compared with that of 20 years ago. This outline could be used as a framework for departmental budgeting. PMID- 6807405 TI - Ignoring the obvious: doctors' wives as patients. AB - There is a widely held belief among doctors and nurses that when a colleague is in hospital, if anything can go wrong during the course of his illness it invariably will. To investigate this belief, we studied prospectively a group of pregnant doctors and doctors' wives, comparing the number of obstetric, paediatric, and psychiatric complications with those in two control groups of similar social class, race, and parity. These were teachers and lecturers and a group of State registered nurses. The occurrence of obstetric and paediatric problems was similar in the three groups. Psychiatric problems, however, were more common among teachers and lecturers (p less than 0.001); this difference was due to the way the nurses on the postnatal wards failed to report mild psychiatric problems among doctors' wives to their colleagues. This difference was not related to the amount of preferential treatment that doctors and doctors' wives received while in hospital. PMID- 6807407 TI - The unstable insulin-dependent diabetic. PMID- 6807408 TI - Chaplain to casualty. PMID- 6807412 TI - Social work: effective or affective? PMID- 6807410 TI - Suicide in San Francisco. PMID- 6807411 TI - Electron microscopy: an essential tool for morphological diagnosis? PMID- 6807409 TI - Atropine poisoning in early infancy due to Eumydrin drops. PMID- 6807413 TI - Measurement of omission. PMID- 6807416 TI - Sterile microenvironment in prevention of wound infection. PMID- 6807415 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6807414 TI - Mianserin-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6807418 TI - Accuracy of hospital activity analysis operation codes. PMID- 6807417 TI - Radiation-induced leukaemia in spondylitics: dose-response relationships. PMID- 6807420 TI - Role of modern radiological investigations in obstructive uropathy. PMID- 6807421 TI - Treatment of acute abscesses in the casualty department. PMID- 6807419 TI - Toxicity of pertussis vaccine. PMID- 6807422 TI - Captopril in renovascular hypertension: long-term use in predicting surgical outcome. PMID- 6807424 TI - Serum lipids during the menstrual cycle. PMID- 6807423 TI - Dark Warrior epilepsy. PMID- 6807425 TI - Smoking, coffee, and cancer of the pancreas. PMID- 6807427 TI - Hormone replacement treatment and benign intracranial hypertension. PMID- 6807428 TI - Families in high-arise flats. PMID- 6807426 TI - Communicable disease associated with milk and dairy products. PMID- 6807429 TI - Quality of diet and blood folate concentrations. PMID- 6807430 TI - Ants distinguish diabetes mellitus from diabetes insipidus. PMID- 6807431 TI - Anniversary ARM. PMID- 6807432 TI - Problems with anticoagulants. PMID- 6807433 TI - Water intoxication and oxytocin. PMID- 6807435 TI - Sulpiride improves inadequate lactation. AB - Twenty-eight newly delivered mothers with inadequate lactation volunteered for a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of sulpiride 50 mg thrice daily for four weeks. Treatment was allocated at random, and serum prolactin concentrations and breast-milk yields were measured before and serially during the trial. Of the 26 women who completed the trial, 14 had taken sulpiride and 12 the placebo. In the sulpiride-treatment group the mean maternal serum prolactin concentration rose from 49.0 +/- SE 3.6 micrograms/l to a maximum of 402.1 +/0 43.2 micrograms/l at two weeks; in the placebo-treated group, however, the concentration fell during the trial (from 84.7 +/- 24.0 micrograms/l to 47.8 +/- 8.6 micrograms/l). Mean breast-milk yields also increased in the sulpiride-treatment group (by an average of 212-265 ml) and fell in the women given placebo. Of the 14 infants in the sulpiride-treatment group, four did not need supplementary feeds during the trial; in the control group, however, all infants continued to require such feeds. Infants in the sulpiride-treatment group gained significantly more weight than did the controls (p less than 0.05). Three women taking sulpiride complained of mild side effects, but none occurred in the infants. These findings suggest that sulpiride is an effective treatment for inadequate lactation in the puerperium. PMID- 6807436 TI - Response of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: effect of inherent personality traits and premedication with diazepam. AB - The influence of personality traits on the reaction of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was studied prospectively in 86 patients. High N (neuroticism) scores on the Eysenck personality inventory were associated with poor tolerance to and future compliance with the procedure. Although premedication with diazepam did not affect the degree of discomfort and distress during the procedure, it guaranteed acceptance of repeat endoscopy by virtue of its strong amnesic effect. By contrast, not giving premedication to patients who were anxious and had high N scores jeopardized future compliance. These findings suggest that a version of the Eysenck personality inventory should be used to assess patients' neurotic phenotype and their need for premedication before endoscopy. Alternatively, all patients might be given premedication. PMID- 6807434 TI - Research in human in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer. PMID- 6807437 TI - Rubella vaccination: persistence of antibodies for up to 16 years. AB - Sera from 123 volunteers vaccinated six to 16 years previously with one of four rubella vaccines (Cendehill, RA27/3, HPV77-DE5, and To-336) were tested for rubella antibodies by single radial haemolysis and radioimmunoassay. By radioimmunoassay 110 (89.4%) of the vaccinees had antibody concentrations greater than the minimum immune titre (that is, greater than 15,000 IU/1), 11 (8.9%) were seropositive but had concentrations less than or equal to 15,000 IU/1, and two (1.6%) were seronegative. Eight (6.5%) were seronegative by single radial haemolysis, of whom five had received Cendehill vaccine. Six to eight years after vaccination subjects who had received Cendehill vaccine had the lowest geometric mean titre of antibody by radioimmunoassay while the subjects who had received HPV77-DE5 vaccine had the highest. Although antibody concentrations less than or equal to 15,000 IU/1 were not detected among subjects given RA27/3 vaccine six to eight years previously, such low levels were detected in two (15.4%) vaccinated 11-16 years previously. These results emphasise the importance of long-term surveillance programmes so that vaccination policies may be reviewed. PMID- 6807438 TI - Indium-111 autologous leucocyte scanning: comparison with radiology for imaging the colon in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Indium-111 autologous leucocyte scanning was compared with barium enema for assessing the extent of colonic disease in Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis. Scanning was shown to be as accurate as conventional radiology in colitis, reliably distinguishing active from inactive disease. The results suggest that 111In-leucocyte scanning is an accurate, non-invasive, alternative technique for imaging the extent of disease in colitis. PMID- 6807441 TI - Carbamazepine intoxication caused by interaction with isoniazid. PMID- 6807440 TI - Arterial complications of migraine treatment with methysergide and parenteral ergotamine. PMID- 6807439 TI - Comparison of high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone with low-dose oral prednisolone in acute renal allograft rejection in children. AB - Two corticosteroid regimens were compared in a randomised, prospective study of 48 consecutive acute rejection episodes occurring at least one month after transplantation in 22 children who had received renal allografts. The higher dose schedule (intravenous methylprednisolone 600 mg/m2 daily for three days) was no more effective than the lower (oral prednisolone 3 mg/kg daily for three days) in reversing rejection, being successful in 70% as opposed to 72% of episodes. Few major side effects were seen with either treatment, but unpleasant sensations were reported much more frequently in the group given intravenous methylprednisolone; this regimen was much more disruptive of the patient's life. Oral prednisolone in the dosage described is as effective as about 10 times that dose of intravenous methylprednisolone; it is much cheaper and is viewed as less unpleasant by patients. PMID- 6807442 TI - Insulin resistance and hypomagnesaemia: case report. PMID- 6807443 TI - Near-fatal asphyxia by a toy shopping bag. PMID- 6807444 TI - Meningitis caused by dysgonic fermenter type 2 (DF 2) organism in a previously healthy adult. PMID- 6807446 TI - Research in general practice. Anatomy of a research project. PMID- 6807445 TI - Organising a practice. Problem identification, disease management, and audit. PMID- 6807447 TI - First seven years of a new NHS mental handicap service 1974-81. AB - A new community-focused mental handicap service was started in a single-district area health authority in 1974. Almost 90% of all the severely mentally handicapped people in a population of 250,000 are now known to the service. Although two-thirds of long stay inpatients originally admitted with major behavioural problems have had them resolved, the remaining one-third with persisting problems are noted to have spent many years in large understaffed wards before transfer. Specialist services to mentally handicapped people are not synonymous with beds. The learning opportunities during the waking hours of a mentally handicapped person are where professional help must be concentrated, and extensive support services for those caring for the mentally handicapped at home must be set up. Absence of shared philosophies, policies, and planning among the health and local authorities has produced the problems and frustrations familiar to many professionals in mental handicap. Future developments must be based on clearly defined and declared principles. PMID- 6807448 TI - Drug interaction with coumarin derivative anticoagulants. Standing Advisory Committee for Haematology of the Royal College of Pathologists. PMID- 6807449 TI - St George's University School of Medicine, Grenada: benefit or liability? PMID- 6807450 TI - ABC of diabetes. Hypoglycaemia. PMID- 6807451 TI - Successful treatment of Cushing's disease using yttrium-90 rods. AB - Interstitial irradiation using yttrium-90 (90Y) rods implanted by needle into the pituitary gland was used as primary treatment in 16 patients with pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. Clinical and biochemical remission was observed within three or six months in 13 and in the remaining three after a supplementary implant. There was no perioperative morbidity. Follow-up from the time of definitive operation ranged from six to 123 months (mean 39). No recurrence has been observed. The return of a normal diurnal cortisol rhythm has been observed in 10/12 patients studied after remission. Some form of long-term pituitary hormone replacement therapy was required in only the six patients who had received the largest irradiation dose. Implantation of 90Y is safe and effective treatment for patients with Cushing's disease, comparing favourably with selective trans-sphenoidal pituitary surgery. PMID- 6807452 TI - Death by a thousand cuts. PMID- 6807453 TI - Banning boxing. PMID- 6807455 TI - Remission from polymyositis after total body irradiation. PMID- 6807454 TI - Birth asphyxia. PMID- 6807456 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities and autonomic dysfunction in Guillain-Barre syndrome. PMID- 6807458 TI - Consent to psychiatric treatment. PMID- 6807459 TI - Alcoholic cardiac beriberi. PMID- 6807460 TI - Industrial bladder cancer. PMID- 6807457 TI - Effect of nifedipine on histamine reactivity in asthma. PMID- 6807461 TI - Postoperative infection in shunts for hydrocephalus: are prophylactic antibiotics necessary? PMID- 6807462 TI - Two-, six-, and 12-minute walking test in respiratory disease. PMID- 6807463 TI - Ascorbic acid, iron overload, and desferrioxamine. PMID- 6807464 TI - More consultants, fewer juniors. PMID- 6807465 TI - The diagnosis of sarcoidosis. PMID- 6807467 TI - Laser photoradiation for lung cancer. PMID- 6807466 TI - Morning-after pills. PMID- 6807468 TI - What shall we do with the drunken citizen ? PMID- 6807469 TI - Haemodynamic advantages of combined alpha-blockade and beta-blockade over beta blockade alone in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - The acute haemodynamic effects of beta-blockade with propranolol and combined alpha-blockade and beta-blockade with labetalol were compared in a randomised study in 12 patients with coronary artery disease proved by angiography. Propranolol induced significantly greater depression of left ventricular function both at rest and during exercise than labetalol. This difference was probably attributable to the vasodilator activity of labetalol and the associated reduction in afterload offsetting the haemodynamic disadvantages of blockade of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors alone. The haemodynamic advantages of combined alpha blockade and beta-blockade over beta-blockade alone may thus have therapeutic implications for the use of these treatments in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6807470 TI - Total body calcium in rheumatoid arthritis: effects of disease activity and corticosteroid treatment. AB - Rheumatoid arthritis may be associated with generalised as well as periarticular osteoporosis. To assess the extent of bone loss and the influence of corticosteroid treatment total body calcium was measured by in-vivo neutron activation analysis in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alone and 31 treated with additional low-dose corticosteroids. The results were compared with those in 40 normal controls matched for age, sex, and menopausal state. There were significant reductions in mean total body calcium in the group treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (5.3% in men; 6.8% in women) and greater reductions in the corticosteroid treated patients (11.5% in men, 15.5% in women). The reduction was correlated with disease duration and activity in the patients treated with non-steroid anti inflammatory drugs alone. Measured total body calcium was significantly less than the values predicted when this relation was used in the corticosteroid-treated patients. The data suggest that increased bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with corticosteroids is attributable to drug treatment rather than disease activity. Many patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dosage corticosteroids and some postmenopausal women with the disease are likely to be at risk from the complications of osteoporosis. PMID- 6807472 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Great Britain, 1977-81: alarming increase in incidence and recent development of endemic transmission. AB - Since penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae appeared five years ago in West Africa and South-east Asia reported cases have doubled annually in Great Britain, primarily as a result of increasing importation. Importation of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae has increased exponentially because dramatic expansion of these strains in their regions of origin has led to increasing infection of male air travellers. From 1977 to 1980 infections acquired in Great Britain played only a minor part in the exponential increase. During 1981 the number of indigenous cases increased much more rapidly than imported cases, indicating that these strains have become truly endemic in Great Britain. Currently, identification of patients at high risk and initial treatment with penicillinase-resistant antibiotics offers the best hope of containing the strains. The emergence and rapid spread of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae shows the international consequences of the abuse of antibiotics. PMID- 6807473 TI - Subdural haematoma as a complication of spinal anaesthetic. PMID- 6807471 TI - Outcome of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants: preliminary report of seven-year follow-up study. AB - Seven years after admission to hospital for acute lower respiratory tract infection in infancy 200 children and their matched controls were assessed for respiratory state and epidemiological characteristics. The index group comprised 100 cases where respiratory syncytial virus infection had been responsible for the index illness (group 1) and 100 cases in whom this organism had not been found (group 2). There were no differences between index and control groups in birth weight or gestational age but fewer index cases were breast fed. Social indices such as class distribution and family size were more favourable in controls, though housing standards and maternal smoking habits were similar in the two groups. The prevalence of subsequent respiratory symptoms--cough, wheeze, nasal discharge, and hearing difficulties--was greater in index cases as was absence from school and family doctor consultation for respiratory illness. Bronchitis and asthma were significantly more common in the index group. Impaired ventilatory function and bronchial hyperreactivity were found in index cases when compared with controls. No differences in clinical characteristics and outcome were found in the two groups of index cases. The question whether lung "damage" during lower respiratory tract infection predisposes to subsequent respiratory problems or whether certain infants are more vulnerable than others to respiratory illnesses (including lower respiratory tract infection) from the onset is unanswered. PMID- 6807474 TI - Toxic-shock syndrome: four cases in a London hospital. PMID- 6807475 TI - Failure of rifampicin and co-trimoxazole in Q fever endocarditis. PMID- 6807476 TI - Nitrofurantoin-induced parotitis. PMID- 6807477 TI - Urban Marks: 1880-1949. PMID- 6807478 TI - Practising prevention: coronary disease. PMID- 6807479 TI - Clinical policies. PMID- 6807480 TI - Five years' experience of a "prepregnancy" clinic for insulin-dependent diabetics. PMID- 6807482 TI - Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. PMID- 6807484 TI - Severe bleeding disorders in children with normal coagulation screening tests. PMID- 6807481 TI - Misleading symptoms and signs of cervical spine subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6807487 TI - Hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcaemia occurring during cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6807483 TI - Side effects of benoxaprofen. PMID- 6807485 TI - Side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6807486 TI - Multiple general anaesthesia with Althesin. PMID- 6807488 TI - Prudent diet: effect on moderately severe hyperlipidaemia. PMID- 6807489 TI - A rapid enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the serological confirmation of swine vesicular disease. PMID- 6807490 TI - Beta-alanine uptake is not a marker for brain astroglia in culture. AB - The properties of the beta amino acid transport system were examined in cultivated rat brain astrocytes, using the specific probe, beta-alanine. The uptake of beta-alanine is thought to be glial specific. Beta-alanine was not actively transported and the intracellular accumulation was not altered by coincubation with GABA, alanine, glutamate, or methionine. We suggested therefore that beta-alanine is passively taken up by a mechanism distinct from the transport system for GABA. PMID- 6807491 TI - In vivo uptake of valproic acid into brain. AB - The pharmacokinetics of valproic acid (VPA) penetration into the central nervous system of cats were studied. VPA levels in cortical gray matter and plasma were measured at timed intervals after rapid intravenous drug infusion. Brain uptake of the drug was maximal at 1 min postinfusion and decayed rapidly with a mean elimination half-life of 41 min. After a rapid distribution phase, plasma VPA levels remained stable for 90 min. The brain:plasma ratio was maximal at 1 min and also declined rapidly. The volume of distribution was 0.125 1/kg. The small volume of distribution, low brain:plasma ratios and rapid clearance from brain indicate that VPA is not significantly bound in cerebral cortex after a single dose. PMID- 6807492 TI - Changes in the nigrostriatal system following microinjection of an unconventional agent. AB - The effect of apomorphine, a direct dopamine receptor agonist, was studied in golden hamsters after unilateral injection of scrapie agent (strain 263K) into the nigrostriatal system. Twenty-five received an injection into the left striatum and 24 into the left substantia nigra. Varying volumes (5, 1 and 0.5 microliterss) and dilutions of the homogenate (10(-2), 10(-3), 10(-4)) were used. The duration of the incubation period (delay of appearance of clinical signs of the disease) was dependent on the dose of the agent used: it varied within a range of 72 +/- 5 days (5 microliter 10(-4) and 123 +/- 8 days (0.5 microliter 10(-4)). Apomorphine-induced circling behavior appeared after an average of 84 +/ 15 days post-injection and this delay was closely related to the dose of agent. The direction of the rotation dependent on the site of injection: most of the animals circled towards the inoculated side after striatal injection and away from it after inoculation in the substantia nigra. In the group of animals inoculated in the substantia nigra with 0.5 X 10(-4) microliters, 6 presented the clinical phase of the disease and showed circling behavior but no clinical signs when they were killed 200 days post-injection. However, neuropathological studies revealed characteristic foci of vacuolation in the brain stem. Apomorphine induced circling behavior can only be contained by replication of scrapie agent into the nigrostriatal neurons and the subsequent imbalance between the two sides which it reveals. Circling behavior and clinical signs of the disease can be temporally dissociated: low doses of agent slightly extended the circling behavior latency, whereas the incubation period was considerably increased. Circling behavior and neuropathological lesions in nigrostriatal system were not closely related. PMID- 6807493 TI - Ipsilateral hypothalamic deafferentation blocks the increase in serum FSH following hemi-castration. AB - In two experiments hypothalamic hemi-islands or sham surgeries were produced on the right side of prepubertal male rats with an extrudable Halasz-type knife (1.5 mm radius). Animals were then sham castrated or else hemi-castrated on the contralateral or ipsilateral side with respect to brain surgery. Eight or 21 days later, hemi-castrated rats given sham knife cuts showed a significant increase in serum FSH, relative to sham animals with intact testes. Also, animals given hypothalamic hemi-islands and hemi-castrated on the contralateral side showed a significant increase in serum FSH comparable to that seen in hemi-castrated rats with sham brain surgeries. However, hypothalamic hemi-island rats which were hemi castrated on the ipsilateral side failed to show an increase in serum FSH and were similar to sham operated controls with both gonads. Serum LH levels were comparable among all groups, verifying a clear dissociation between LH and FSH secretion associated with hemi-castration in prepubertal males. In addition, the differences between contralateral and ipsilateral hemi-castrated animals with identical unilateral brain surgeries strongly suggest that FSH release is, in part, under direct neural control. However, in a third experiment, differences in FSH release between ipsi- and contralateral hemi-castrated rats were not found in animals with hypothalamic hemi-islands on the left side of the brain. Thus the hypothalamus may be asymmetrically involved in various components of neuroendocrine control. PMID- 6807495 TI - Dopamine agonist-induced restoration of drinking in response to hypertonic saline in adipsic dopamine denervated rats. AB - Bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the ascending dopamine neurones of the nigro-striatal bundle or bilateral electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus cause a syndrome of aphagia and adipsia. Rats with such lesions do not drink in response to hypertonic saline which causes thirst in intact animals. However, the systemic administration of the direct dopamine receptor agonists apomorphine, piribedil and lergotrile restored drinking in response to hypertonic saline in 6-hydroxydopamine treated rats but not in rats with electrolytic lesions of the lateral hypothalamus. Amphetamine and beta-phenylethylamine failed to restore drinking in response to hypertonic saline in either group of lesioned rats which suggests that these drugs may act indirectly on the dopaminergic system. The restoration of drinking model suggests that dopamine may have a permissive function in thirst, and, in addition, appears to represent a useful test for the screening of new drugs for a direct dopamine receptor stimulating action. PMID- 6807497 TI - The burn clinic. PMID- 6807496 TI - [Effect of open heart surgery on gonadotropin levels in men (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807494 TI - Systemic phlorizin prevents gold thioglucose necrosis in the ventromedial hypothalamus. AB - Intraventricular and intrahypothalamic infusions of phlorizin (PHL) are known to cause hyperphagia and to prevent gold thioglucose (GTG) lesion formation in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), respectively. In this study, PHL, administered IP in a large dose (900 mg/kg), completely inhibited GTG necrosis in the VMH. PHL did not cause excessive urinary excretion of GTG. This evidence suggested that systemic PHL must be injected in a high concentration to alter the hypothalamic response to GTG. In vitro measurements of VMH glucose oxidation substantiated this idea. Only at a high concentration of PHL was glucose oxidation significantly depressed in the VMH (p less than 0.001). Small amounts of PHL elevated VMH glucose oxidation (p less than 0.001). Since PHL is an inhibitor of glucose transport, these data support the concept of a hypothalamic glucostatic modulation for the control of food intake. PMID- 6807498 TI - Burns and Corynebacterium diphtheriae. PMID- 6807499 TI - [Alpha-N-Acetylgalactosaminyl transferase activity in mucous ovarian tumors obtained from blood group O2 patients (author's transl)]. AB - We have demonstrated, by the transfer of (1-14C) GalN Ac from exogenous UDP[ (1 14C) GalN Ac into a glycopeptide H-acceptor, the presence of an alpha-N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase in the wall and fluid of ovarian tumors. The transfer occurs in the absence of exogenous acceptor but to a greater degree in the tumor wall and fluid obtained from blood group O patients, thereby indicating the presence of preferential endogenous acceptor(s) in tumors of these subjects. PMID- 6807500 TI - [Production of an anti-digitalin monoclonal antibody (author's transl)]. AB - Anti-digitalin monoclonal antibodies were obtained by hybridization of lymphoid cells from mice immunized with the drug and the 8653 myeloma cells from BALB/c Mice. Two of these antibodies were submitted to immunochemical analysis which revealed that they belonged to IgM and IgGl classes, and the high affinity of one of them (1,2 x 10(9) M(-1)). The availability os such antibodies opens new perspectives for the treatment of digitalin intoxication and the possibility of establishing a standardized radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6807501 TI - [Chemical composition of the Pseudomonas solanecearum lipopolysaccharide]. AB - The structure of Pseudomonas solanacearum lipopolysaccharide is similar to those described for the LPS of enterobacteria. The lipid A contains fatty acids and glucosamine (5 fatty acids for 2 glucosamine residues). The polysaccharide part contains 2-keto-3-deoxy-octulosonate, L-glycero-D-mannoheptose, hexoses (glucose, rhamnose, glucosamine) and a pentose (xylose). Part of 3-hydroxy-myristic acid and the whole 2-hydroxy-octadecenoic acid are linked to the glucosamine residue by an amide bond. PMID- 6807502 TI - [Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli strains sensitive to hydrophilic and/or charged antibiotics and toxics (author's transl)]. AB - Two Escherichia coli mutant strains sensitive to antitumor derivatives of ellipticinium, ethidium bromide and to a variety of hydrophilic antibiotics and toxics have been isolated. The two mutations have been mapped on the bacterial chromosome at 5 +/- 1 and 10 +/- 1 mn respectively. Some properties of these strains are described and their interest in mutagen testing is discussed. PMID- 6807503 TI - [Protective effects of muscimol on acute brain ischemia in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Rats given i.c.v. muscimol overcome a greater number of hypoxic episodes before dying compared with controls whereas animals that receive baclofen (another GABAergic agonist) or GABA itself tolerate fewer episodes than controls. Thus, chloride ions ionophoric site activation appears to be necessary in order to obtain any GABAergic antihypoxic protection whereas GABAergic site activated by both baclofen and GABA would induce an opposite effect. PMID- 6807504 TI - [Structural and numerical chromosome abnormalities in human malignant melanoma cell lines (author's transl)]. AB - Characteristics and cytogenetic markers of 36 human malignant cell lines were studied. Structural abnormalities of chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12 and 22 were the most frequent. Relative polysomy for chromosome 3, 7, 16, 19, 20, 22 and monosomy for chromosome 9 were observed. Each cell line contained structural and/or numerical abnormalities of chromosome 7, but structural abnormalities of this chromosome were only observed in cell lines derived from metastases; while only polysomy of chromosome 7 was observed in cell lines derived from primaries or local recurrences. PMID- 6807506 TI - [Serum-thymidine activity measured by thymidine incorporation upon lectin activated lymphocytes: variations with the age (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807507 TI - [Calmodulin regulation of intestinal epithelium adenylate cyclase (author's transl)]. AB - Calmodulin stimulation of intestinal adenylate cyclase was evidenced in plasma membranes from isolated Rat intestinal epithelial cells. In the presence of free calcium, 10(-7) M calmodulin significantly stimulates intestinal enzyme activity and the maximal effect is induced by 10(-5) M calmodulin. Trifluoperazine, a specific calmodulin inhibitor suppresses this effect. These results suggest that calcium, via calmodulin, plays an important role in the regulation of cyclic AMP production in intestinal epithelium. PMID- 6807505 TI - [Distribution of collagen, fibronectin, and laminin during morphogenesis of skin and cutaneous appendages in the chick embryo (author's transl)]. AB - In the dermis of inter-appendage and glabrous skin, interstitial collagen types I, III, and V are abundant, while fibronectin is scarce. Conversely, in the morphogenetically active foci of cutaneous appendages, interstitial collagen is scarce or absent, whereas fibronectin is abundant. Type IV collagen and laminin are localized at the dermal-epidermal junction and distributed evenly. PMID- 6807508 TI - [Immunocytochemical study of the ontogenesis of the CRF-containing neuroglandular system in the human hypothalamus (author's transl)]. AB - In the human fetus, the first anti CRF-stained fibres appear in the median eminence during the 16th week. From the 17th week, they are more numerous and they establish neurohemal terminals close to the superficial capillaries and around some of the developing intra-eminential vascular loops. In new born infants infundibular CRF-containing processes and terminals are strongly immunoreactive and very few CRF-containing perikarya can be detected in the paraventricular nucleus. PMID- 6807509 TI - [Oxytocin as a putative factor in the control of periodic and synchronized neurosecretory bursts of oxytocinergic cells (author's transl)]. AB - During suckling, the intramammary pressure and the electrical activity of oxytocinergic cells in the paraventricular nucleus were recorded simultaneously in urethane-anaesthetized Rats. Injection of an oxytocin antagonist (1 microliter d(CH2)5OVT 10(-3) or 10(-4) M) into the 3rd ventricle, inhibited both frequency and amplitude of neurosecretory bursts and milk-ejections. The same effect was observed when the milk-ejection reflex was previously activated by the intraventricular injection of oxytocin (1 microliter--10(-6) M). Thus, oxytocin might regulate the frequency and amplitude of oxytocinergic cells' neurosecretory bursts and could be involved in their synchronism. PMID- 6807510 TI - [Meriones shawi (Duvernoy, 1842) [Rodentia, Gerbillidae] a reservoir of Leishmania major, Yakimoff and Schokhor, 1914 [Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae] in South Morocco (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time a report is made of Meriones shawi (Duvernoy, 1842) infected by Leishmania major Yakimoff and Shokhor, 1914. The parasite was observed in two of 28 Meriones captured in the immediate vicinity of the Tata administrative center (South Morocco). M. shawi, because it is sub-commercial with man and abundant, is very likely one of the reservoirs of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in this area. PMID- 6807511 TI - [Immunocytochemical detection of the CRF-containing neurons in the rat brain (author's transl)]. AB - Immunocytochemical studies on Rat brains using an antiserum against CRF revealed a new hypothalamo-infundibular neuroglandular system: its perikarya are mainly located in the paraventricular nucleus; its nerve endings are very numerous around the blood vessels in all region of the external zone of the median eminence and in the periphery of the pituitary stalk. PMID- 6807512 TI - [Ultrastructural modifications in the thyroid glands of mice treated with lithium gluconate]. AB - The various morphological and functional changes produced by lithium gluconate treatment of Mouse thyroid and ultimobranchial cells show complex interactions, involving direct and indirect effects. In most of the cases these effects determine metabolism (thyroid cells) or differentiation (ultimobranchial cell) disturbances. In most of the cases analysed changes do not concern the whole gland and should not have important consequences on its general activity-so it is more likely that at low concentration the effects of lithium gluconate on the thyroid gland of manic depressive patients might be neglected at the level of the functional state of the whole gland. PMID- 6807513 TI - [Isolation of cell hybrids secreting specific antibodies against bovine enteric coronavirus (author's transl)]. AB - Twelve hybrid cell lines secreting monoclonal immunoglobulins (IgG) specific of bovine enteric Coronavirus (BEC strain G110) have been obtained following fusion of non secreting variant of the myeloma P3X63Ag8, SP2O, which splenic lymphocytes of Mice immunized against this virus. Antibodies thus obtained have been studied by indirect immunofluorescence and seroneutralization with cells infected by two french strains G110 and F15 and an american strain of Coronavirus: NCDCV. Immunochemical studies have confirmed this specificity. PMID- 6807514 TI - [Metabolic effects of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine (DIMIT) in constant infusion by osmotic minipump to hypothyroid rat (author's transl)]. AB - Our experiments show that the T3 nonhalogenated analog 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl L-thyronine (DIMIT) exhibits the general activities of thyroid hormones. DIMIT delivered to hypothyroid Rat by constant infusion or sc injections increases bodyweight gain, BMR before or after epinephrine and phosphorylative oxidation of liver mitochondria. PMID- 6807515 TI - [Differential effect of tunicamycin on glycosylation of cell surface glycoproteins from chick fibroblasts during embryo development (author's transl)]. AB - The antibiotic tunicamycin inhibits glycosylation of proteins as demonstrated by the inhibition of the incorporation of 14C glucosamine glycoproteins of chick embryo fibroblasts at two stages of development. Fibroblasts from 8-day embryos are more sensitive to TM treatment than 16-day embryos. This differential effect is directly related to the level of N- and O-glycosidically linked glycoproteins. This ratio decreased within development. Moreover, a parallelism is observed between inhibition of cell surface glycoprotein glycosylation by TM and adhesion properties of treated cells, suggesting that N- glycosidically linked glycoproteins might be involved in cell adhesivity. PMID- 6807516 TI - Abstracts of the fourth annual meeting of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. PMID- 6807517 TI - The developmental analysis of aldehyde oxidase activity in cin allelic heterozygotes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Aldehyde oxidase (AO) activity has been determined at 11 stages during the development of selected cin allelic homo-, hemi- and heterozygotes in Drosophila melanogaster. The AO activity levels found during development were completely consistent with the levels previously reported for adults, less than 24 h of age (Bentley and Williamson, 1979b). All of the cin homo- and hemizygotes tested exhibited no significant levels of AO activity at any of the 11 stages during development. All cin allelic heterozygotes, which were defined as complementing in adults, less then 24h of age, displayed similar levels of complementation at all stages tested. Conversely, all cin allelic heterozygotes which were defined as noncomplementing in adults, less than 24h of age, were found to lack measurable AO activity at all developmental stages tested. PMID- 6807518 TI - The control of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities and CRM levels by the mal locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The effects of five new mal alleles on aldehyde oxidase (AO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activities and CRM levels in Drosophila melanogaster are described. These alleles were isolated by taking full advantage of the pleiotropic phenotype exhibited by all previously described mal alleles and represent at least three unique examples of mal function. Al least one of these alleles is a representative of a new complementation group. Two other alleles exhibit a wild-type eye color in homozygous stock and one of these is "leaky", exhibiting some 50% of the XDH activity normally found in Oregon-R control flies and some 12% of the AO activity. CRM and activity levels have been quantitated for both enzymes in all allelic heterozygotes. XDH-CRM levels vary only slightly around wild-type levels while AO-CRM levels appear much more sensitive to mutational alterations. PMID- 6807519 TI - [Aicardi syndrome: a case possibly caused by congenital rubella]. PMID- 6807521 TI - Sigmoid mesenteric tumour as a manifestation of von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - The gastrointestinal tract may be involved in up to 25% of cases of von Recklinghausen's disease. The authors report such a case in which an 18-year-old girl presented with gastrointestinal symptoms secondary to a tumour in the sigmoid mesentery. There was no family history so it was presumed to be a case of spontaneous mutation. The authors discuss the protein manifestations of neurofibromatosis emphasizing the gastrointestinal presentations and the need for careful surgical management. PMID- 6807520 TI - Factors affecting the lytic susceptibility of some marine and terrestrial bacteria. AB - Eighteen gram-negative marine bacteria and two terrestrial species, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were examined for their sensitivity to lysis in distilled water after exposure to a salt solution containing a sea water concentration of Mg2+ (0.05 M) or to 0.5 M NaCl. A spectrum of lytic susceptibility was observed among the marine bacteria ranging from those organisms which lysed in distilled water after exposure to the Mg2+-containing solution, through organisms which could be sensitized to lysis by washing with the NaCl solution, to organisms which failed to lyse in distilled water even after having been washed with a solution of 0.5 M NaCl. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli fell within this spectrum, the former being capable of being induced to lyse in distilled water by washing with 0.5 M NaCl, while the latter failed to lyse in distilled water after this treatment. It was thus concluded that no overall distinction could be made between marine and terrestrial bacteria on the basis of the sensitivity of the two groups of organisms to lysis in freshwater. Quite large decreases in optical density and increases in the release of ultraviolet-absorbing material took place when cells preexposed to the Mg2+ containing solution or to 0.5 M NaCl were subsequently suspended in distilled water even though in some cases no loss of cell numbers could be detected. In most cases two to three times as much K+ as Na+ and 1/10 to 1/100 as much Mg2+ was required to prevent these changes. For three of the marine bacteria and P. aeruginosa grown in a terrestrial type medium little difference in the requirements for Na+ and K+ to prevent the optical density changes was noted. For P. aeruginosa grown in a marine type medium, cells required more K+ than Na+ to prevent these changes. PMID- 6807524 TI - A comparative trial of home and hospital psychiatric treatment: financial costs. AB - The financial costs of community-based treatment, stressing home treatment, were compared with the cost of hospital-based treatment during one year. Of 155 patients destined to receive inpatient treatment, 76 were randomly assigned to home treatment, 79 to hospital treatment; the two groups were similar as to important social, demographic, and clinical characteristics. The principal differences between the two treatments concerned the focus of treatment, the locale of treatment, the degree to which continuity of treatment was maintained, and the roles of the respective treatment staffs. Manpower and operating costs, measured in dollars, were estimated in two ways. Either way, hospital-based treatment was more expensive during the year: 64.1% more expensive (+3,250 vs. +1,980 per patient) in the first instance, 108.9% more expensive (+6,750 vs. +3,230 per patient) in the second. With two exceptions during the first month of treatment, the proportions of patients and families receiving either treatment who incurred other costs of treatment were low, and the differences between groups were not significantly different. A higher proportion of patients and families receiving home-based treatment defrayed the cost of the patient's psychotropic drugs; second, a higher proportion of families of patients receiving hospital-based treatment defrayed transportation costs. The proportions of patients and families incurring costs of the consequences of illness were low, and the differences between treatment groups were not significant. We compared this study with similar studies, discussed the generalizability of the results of this study and similar studies, and identified issues for future research. PMID- 6807525 TI - An explanation for the proportion of carcinomas and sarcomas seen in chemically induced murine submaxillary gland tumors. AB - Pellets of 1 mg 9,10-dimethyl-1,3-benzanthracene (DMBA) were implanted into the submaxillary glands of 53 male C57BL/6J mice, and groups of mice were autopsied weekly or biweekly thereafter. Histologic evidence of tumor was noticed first at 12 weeks. From 16 weeks onwards, the submaxillary glands of all mice autopsied contained either carcinoma (three animals) or sarcoma (ten animals); 8/9 attempts to transplant these tumors in C57BL/6J mice were successful. Of the resulting eight tumor lines, two carcinomas and two fibrosarcomas were transplanted for over 30 months. Within the first few transplant generations, all four tumors showed an increase in growth rate and in histologic evidence of anaplasticity. For the particular tumors selected for study, the two carcinomas differed from the two sarcomas by growing more slowly, requiring more cells for tumor takes, and possessing a higher immunogenicity. These results may explain the types of tumors generated in submaxillary gland carcinogenesis. Carcinomas appear first, since they develop from the epithelial cells into which the carcinogen is implanted. Later, when fibroblasts wall off the carcinogen, fibroblasts are at risk for neoplastic conversion. Because of the more aggressive nature of the resultant fibrosarcoma cells, sarcomas may overgrow some early carcinomas. PMID- 6807526 TI - Immunoblastic lymphoma: an immunologic study. PMID- 6807522 TI - Health care costs are under control. PMID- 6807523 TI - Graves' ophthalmopathy and subclinical hypothyroidism: diagnostic value of the thyrotropin releasing hormone test. AB - Five patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and no previously documented clinical or laboratory evidence of hyperthyroidism were studied. Their serum levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) and their T3 uptake were normal. Although the baseline serum level of thyrotropin (TSH) was normal in two patients, it was increased on the other three, and when TSH releasing hormone (TRH) was administered the T3 response was impaired in three patients and the TSH response was exaggerated in all five. These findings facilitated the diagnosis of subclinical hypothyroidism and distinguished the patients from those with Graves' ophthalmopathy and normal thyroid function or subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid antibodies were detected in the serum of four of the five patients, suggesting the coexistence of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis; this disorder could account in part for the subclinical hypothyroidism, which was even present in the two patients in whom thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was found in the serum. These observations indicate the value of a TRH stimulation test in detecting subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy who appear from clinical and routine laboratory studies to have normal thyroid function but could have normal function or subclinical hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6807527 TI - Reactivation of Chagas' disease during therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6807528 TI - Immunohistochemical demonstration of S100 protein in malignant melanoma and pigmented nevus, and its diagnostic application. AB - The presence of nervous tissue specific S100 protein was studied immunohistochemically in 47 cases of malignant melanoma and 25 pigmented nevi of various types of peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoenzyme method on routine paraffin sections of the surgical specimens. Of 47 cases of malignant melanoma, 44 were positively stained for S100 protein. The intensity of S100 protein immunostaining was suggested to be inversely proportional to the amount of melanin pigment. In ten cases of 12 amelanotic melanomas, the immunoreaction for S100 protein in tumor cells was stronger than that of normal Bergmann glial cell in human cerebellum. Intradermal nevi and juvenile melanomas were strongly positive for S100 protein, but blue nevi contained little or no S100 protein. Our results suggest that S100 protein is widely distributed among melanotic tumors and is also a very useful diagnostic indicator for malignant melanoma, especially of the amelanotic type. PMID- 6807530 TI - Factor VIII related antigen in adenomatoid tumors: implications for histogenesis. AB - The current study was undertaken to reevaluate the histogenesis of adenomatoid tumor by an immunoperoxidase method of detecting factor VIII related antigen, a tissue specific marker for vascular endothelium. Three of eight adenomatoid tumors showed diffuse cytoplasmic staining of the cells lining the lumina. When these results were correlated with the light and electron microscopy, it was found that there were two distinct groups of tumors. The vascular adenomatoid tumors stained positively for factor VIII related antigen and did not have tumor cells between tubules. The mesothelial adenomatoid tumor did not stain for factor VIII related antigen, had individual and solid nests of tumor cells between the tubules and had mesothelial characteristics on electron microscopy. These results strongly suggest that adenomatoid tumors can be subdivided into tumors of either mesothelial or vascular endothelial origin, and that these two groups can be distinguished on light microscopy. PMID- 6807529 TI - Colon-specific antigen-p (CSAp). II. Further characterization in colorectal and pancreatic cancer. AB - The physicochemical and immunological characteristics of colon-specific antigen-p (CSAp) in plasma and in colorectal and pancreatic tumors were investigated. CSAp in the plasma of a rectal cancer patient and in a colonic carcinoma xenografted in hamsters (GW-39 tumor) appeared to have similar chromatographic properties, being of a molecular size of 4 million or more. The activities of CSAp in both plasma and tumor were similarly destroyed by treatment with a thiol reagent. Finally, identical immunological reactions in radioimmunoassay and gel diffusion tests were obtained between the CSAp's in patient plasma and in GW-39 tumor tissue. Also CSAp in human pancreatic cancers xenografted in nude mice showed a precipitin line of complete identity with CSAp extracted from GW-39 human colonic carcinoma transplants. Thus, the CSAp's found in colorectal cancer patient plasma, in colonic carcinoma, and in pancreatic cancer tissues appear to be immunologically identical. PMID- 6807531 TI - Increased activity of a beta-galactosyltransferase in tissues of rats bearing prostate and mammary adenocarcinomas. AB - The levels of UDP-galactose: N-acetylglucosamine(beta 1-4)galactosyltransferase activity (GalT-4) were determined in the sera, in solid tumors, and in corresponding cell cultures of rats bearing two lines of prostate adenocarcinomas (PA-2 and PA-3), and in the sera of rats bearing other transplanted and autochthonous adenocarcinomas. Sera and tissues from normal (tumor-free) rats were used as controls. Prostate adenocarcinoma cell cultures had five times greater levels of enzyme activity than did tumor cell infiltrated lymph nodes from animals bearing the prostate adenocarcinomas. The levels of activity in the cells of both prostate tumor lines were equivalent, even though they metastasize through different routes. Serum levels of galactosyltransferase activity were detected in the blood, and in rats bearing a mammary adenocarcinoma with extensive necrosis of the tumor mass (tumor mass greater than 22.0 g/200 g body weight). The increase was three times the control value. The sera of L-W rats bearing prostate tumors (PA-2 and PA-3) were inactive with the GalNAc-containing acceptor, Gm2 (GalNAc beta 1-4(NeuAc alpha 2-3)Gal beta 1-4Glc-Cer) but active with either free GlcNAc (Km = 0.25 mM) or LcOse3Cer (GlcNAc beta 1-3 Gal beta 1 4Glc--Cer; GlcNAc--R). PMID- 6807532 TI - Prognostic significance of posttransfusion hepatitis and chromosomal abnormalities in adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - In a retrospective analysis, we studied the effects of posttransfusion hepatitis (non-A, non-B) and chromosomal leukemia upon the overall times of adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Seventy-two patients treated at the University of Chicago from 1970 to 1981 were evaluable. The complete remission (CR) rate for the entire group of patients was 33%, and the median survival was 246 days. Twenty-eight patients (39%) developed hepatitis, and 42 (61%) did not. The CR rate of the patients with hepatitis was 54%, and the median survival of this group was 615 days. In comparison, the CR rate for those who did not develop hepatitis was 20%, and their median survival was 136 days (p less than 0.0001). The groups were comparable in terms of race, sex, initial hematologic parameters, chromosomal abnormalities, dates of treatment, chemotherapy treatment programs, and French-American-British (FAB) subtype, but the median age of the patients who did not develop hepatitis was higher than that of the others. Patients who had normal karyotypes and who developed hepatitis had the best overall prognosis (median survival of 738 days). Patients with abnormal karyotypes who failed to develop hepatitis had the shortest survival times (median, 124 days). The group of patients who had the longest survival (median, 1130 days) included those over 40 years old, with posttransfusion hepatitis, and with normal karyotypes. The development of posttransfusion hepatitis and the presence of chromosomal abnormalities appear to be important, but opposite, indicators of overall prognosis for patients with ANLL. PMID- 6807533 TI - Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes in the rat liver by 3'-methyl-4 (dimethylamino)azobenzene. AB - The influence of 3-methyl-4-(dimethylamino)azobenzene(3'-Me-DAB) on the drug metabolizing system in the liver was investigated. Feeding of 3-Me-DAB for 3 weeks at 10, 20 and 600 ppm increased the content of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 slightly (up to 27% raise) but significantly. The feeding effects were also demonstrated in S-9 activity (up to 91% raise) when the mutagenicity of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3 b]indole (Trp-P-2) was assayed in Ames system using S-9 fraction from 3'-Me-DAB treated rat livers. PMID- 6807535 TI - An essential role for polyamine biosynthesis during human granulopoietic differentiation. AB - The role of polyamines during the process of colony-stimulating factor-induced proliferation and differentiation of human granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells was studied using in vitro liquid cultures and semisolid agar cultures. Human placenta-conditioned medium, a partially purified preparation of colony stimulating factor, rapidly and significantly increased the intracellular putrescine concentration of light-density, non-adherent, T-lymphocyte-depleted human marrow cells, Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with alpha difluoromethylornithine, a catalytic, irreversible inhibitor or ornithine decarboxylase, resulted in an accumulation of blasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes with a concomitant decrease in metamyelocytes and polymorphonuclear granulocytes, suggesting a granulopoietic differentiation block. The observed inhibition of differentiation could easily be reversed with exogenously added putrescine. These data indicate clearly an essential role for polyamines during the process of human granulopoietic differentiation. PMID- 6807534 TI - Drug activity and therapeutic synergism in cancer treatment. AB - In work involving modeling of response surfaces to describe the effects of cancer chemotherapy treatments, it is important to define activity and therapeutic synergism in a statistically defensible manner. This requires the construction of confidence intervals around the estimated optimal treatment which has been achieved by use of an indirect method first proposed by Box and Hunter. Activity for a drug or a combination can be claimed at 100(1 - alpha)% level of confidence when the 100(1 - alpha)% confidence interval about the optimal treatment excludes a zero dose. Results of treatment of B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma with 3,4-dihydroxybenzohydroxamic acid are used to demonstrate this definition. Extensions of this concept lead to a statistically valid definition of therapeutic synergism. If the confidence region about the optimum combination of k drugs does not contact any of the k - 1 dimensional subspaces, then a k drug therapeutic synergism can be claimed. In the event that a k drug therapeutic synergism cannot be claimed, there may be subsets of the drugs which do combine with therapeutic synergy. These concepts are demonstrated by two- and three-drug combination experiments in L1210-bearing C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F1 (B6D2F1) mice. Razoxane and dacarbazine show therapeutic synergism at a 95% confidence level. A three-drug combination of 5-fluorouracil, Teniposide, and mitomycin C is considered. In this case, although the estimated optimum treatment includes 48.1 mg of 5-fluorouracil per kg, 15.9 mg of Teniposide per kg, and 3.9 mg of mitomycin C per kg, the confidence region generated failed to confirm at an 80% level of confidence that 5-fluorouracil was a necessary component of the best treatment. PMID- 6807537 TI - Defective removal of DNA cross-links in a repair-deficient mutant of Chinese hamster cells. AB - To further understand the relationships between DNA damage, DNA repair, and cellular end points such as survival and mutation, the repair capacity of a DNA repair-deficient mutant (strain UV-20) of Chinese hamster ovary cells was characterized in response to DNA cross-linking agents. This mutant, previously shown to be hypersensitive to killing by both ultraviolet light and the cross linking agent mitomycin C, was also found to be extremely sensitive to cis diamminedichloroplatinum, another DNA cross-linking agent. The efficiency of DNA cross-link removal after treatment with mitomycin C or cis diamminedichloroplatinum was measured using the technique of alkaline elution and compared in wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells and strain UV-20. Wild-type cells removed 80 or 95% of the cross-links within 24 hr after treatment with cis diamminedichloroplatinum or mitomycin C, respectively. In contrast, UV-20 cells, which were equally as susceptible to cross-link damage as were wild-type cells, removed only a small proportion of the cross-links made by either agent. These results emphasize the importance of DNA repair processes in modulating the cytotoxic effects of chemicals that produce DNA cross-link damage and suggest that cross-link repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells is controlled by a pathway that also repairs damage from ultraviolet radiation. PMID- 6807536 TI - Growth-inhibitory effects of DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine in the spectrum of human lung carcinoma cells in culture. PMID- 6807538 TI - Quantitation of aflatoxin B1-modified DNA using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Five monoclonal antibodies were obtained after fusion of mouse P3 x 63 myeloma cells with spleen cells isolated from BALB/c mice that had been immunized with aflatoxin B1-adducted DNA complexes with methylated bovine serum albumin. Selected hybridomas were found to produce monoclonal antibodies specific for modified DNA containing both the 2,3-dihydro-2-(N7-guanyl)-3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 and the putative 2,3-dihydro-2-(N5-formyl-2',5',6'-triamino-4'-oxo-N5-pyrimidyl) 3-hydroxyaflatoxin B1, suggesting that these DNA adducts share a common antigenic determinant. Enzyme immunoassay conditions using these monoclonal antibodies were optimized, and DNA isolated from the livers of rats given dosages of aflatoxin B1 ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mg aflatoxin B1 per kg body weight was tested. A level of modification in DNA of 1 aflatoxin B1 residue per 1,355,000 nucleotides can be quantitatively measured. Monoclonal antibodies will be useful probes for studying the molecular interactions of aflatoxin B1 with DNA and the occurrence of aflatoxin B1:DNA adducts in tissues and cells of humans exposed to this environmental carcinogen. PMID- 6807539 TI - Enhanced susceptibility of glutaraldehyde-treated tumor cells to antibody dependent macrophage-mediated cytolysis. AB - The effect of treatment of target tumor cells with glutaraldehyde (GA) on antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytolysis was investigated in a C3H/He mouse-MM46 syngeneic tumor system. GA-treated tumor cells were more susceptible to antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytolysis. Lysis of GA-treated cells was observed with less antibody and fewer macrophages than that of untreated cells. However, GA-treated cells had the same amount of antigen sites and the same activity of antibody-dependent attachment to macrophages as do fresh tumor cells. Thus, this enhancement of lysis did not occur at the antibody-binding step or the early step of contact between macrophages and tumor cells but at the subsequent step, perhaps at the tumor lysis step. GA-treated tumor cells could not synthesize DNA or RNA, but cells attenuated with mitomycin C or actinomycin D were not susceptible to antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytolysis. These results suggest that the cytostatic effect of GA does not involve change in susceptibility of target cells to lysis, but some impairment of the cell membrane. GA-treated tumor cells could not grow in vivo and could induce antitumor immunity. PMID- 6807541 TI - Heavy metals and the nervous system. PMID- 6807540 TI - Increased amounts of double-stranded RNA in the cytoplasm of rat liver following treatment with carcinogens. AB - Cytoplasmic RNA was isolated from control rats or at 48 hr following carcinogen administration. A significant quantity (0.6%) of double-stranded RNA was present in control preparations, as assessed by digestion with RNase III. Following carcinogen treatment of rats, this percentage increased significantly. The results suggest that the altered transport of repetitive sequences which is induced by carcinogen treatment involves alterations in the metabolism of double stranded RNA sequences. PMID- 6807543 TI - Parenteral formulation of hexamethylmelamine potentially suitable for use in man. AB - We have developed a preparation of hexamethylmelamine (HMM), dissolved in a fat emulsion Intralipid 20%, that is potentially satisfactory for parenteral administration to man. Solid HMM can be dissolved in Intralipid 20% up to 5 mg/ml, with extensive agitation. Solubilization of HMM is facilitated first by dissolving the drug in ethanol or in dimethylacetamide and then by adding the solution to Intralipid 20%. The disposition of HMM in rabbits after iv administration of HMM dissolved in Intralipid 20% was similar to the disposition of the drug following iv administration of HMM dissolved in 0.1 N HCl. PMID- 6807542 TI - Treatment of neoplastic meningitis with intraventricular thiotepa and methotrexate. AB - Twenty-five patients with involvement of the meninges by disseminated cancers were treated weekly with intraventricular thiotepa (10 mg) and methotrexate (10 mg) and with radiation therapy. Twenty-two of the 25 patients were clinically improved or stable. Malignant cells were cleared from the cerebrospinal fluid in 76% of the patients. Myelosuppression was the dose-limiting toxic effect, and neurotoxicity occurred in three patients. Combination chemotherapy employing thiotepa and methotrexate is a safe and effective treatment for neoplastic meningitis. PMID- 6807545 TI - Coronary artery spasm: recognition and treatment. AB - Coronary artery spasm may produce angina, major arrhythmias, syncope, myocardial infarction, and death in patients with normal or nearly normal coronary arteriograms. The clinical picture in patients with symptomatic coronary artery spasm is characterized by: (1) predominant angina at rest, with little or no exertional angina; (2) changes of myocardial ischemia, especially ST segment elevation, on the electrocardiogram during pain: and (3) major arrhythmias and syncope during angina. A complete electrocardiogram during pain, or at least a Holter monitor recording, is important in establishing a diagnosis. The ergonovine maleate provocative test is a reliable method of establishing the diagnosis, but it is associated with some risks. Calcium flux antagonists are more effective than nitrates or beta blockers in the treatment of coronary spasm. Coronary bypass surgery is generally ineffective in the treatment of coronary spasm unless the spasm is superimposed on a fixed severe coronary obstruction. PMID- 6807546 TI - [Simultaneous evaluation of the effects that change values of the thyreoliberin test in psychiatric patients]. PMID- 6807544 TI - Calorimetric analysis of sugars and sugar derivatives with aid of an enzyme thermistor. AB - Enzymic determination of L-ascorbic acid, D-galactose, D-glucose, cellobiose, lactose, and sucrose with an enzyme thermistor is described. The enzyme thermistor is a simple flow-calorimeter designed for routine analysis and measures metabolites by the heat produced in a small column with immobilized enzyme. This instrument may be used for determination of discrete samples as well as for continuous monitoring. As the change of enthalpy produced by the primary reaction is usually large enough to make the measurement sufficiently accurate, simple assay procedures can be designed, an advantage of great importance when the samples are crude and complex. PMID- 6807547 TI - [Growth hormone secretion in relation to changes in thyrotropic hormone after thyroliberin in patients with acromegaly and dopaminergic stimulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807548 TI - [Furosemide and mannitol and their effect on renal excretion of penicillin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807549 TI - [The insanity of King Charles VI of France]. PMID- 6807552 TI - Retinal ligatin recognizes glycoproteins bearing oligosaccharides terminating in phosphodiester-linked glucose. AB - Ligatin is a filamentous, baseplate protein that binds and localizes peripheral glycoproteins to the external cell surface. Glycoproteins coisolated with ligatin from embryonic chicken neural retina and radiolabeled with 32P are retained by an affinity column containing covalently bound retinal ligatin. Elution is achieved preferentially by alpha-glucose 1-phosphate and, to a limited extent, by mannose 6-phosphate. Treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H prevents the proteins from binding to the column and results in the release of high-mannose type oligosaccharides containing 32P. The simplest of these oligosaccharides is unaffected by alkaline phosphatase unless the treatment is preceded by mild acid hydrolysis. Enzymatic and chemical analyses suggest that the phosphate is present in phosphodiester bonds linking penultimate mannose residues to terminal glucose residues. PMID- 6807551 TI - The effects of cytochalasin B and colchicine on the morphogenesis of mitochondria in Drosophila hydei during meiosis and early spermiogenesis. An in vitro study. AB - Morphogenesis of mitochondria in male germ cells in cultivated cytocysts begins in early prophase I at which time mitochondria thicken and become ordered along the spindle apparatus during meiosis. At the end of the second meiotic division they aggregate to form the Nebenkern. In the presence of colchicine or cytochalasin B mitochondria are able to begin differentiation, although the correct course of meiosis is not guaranteed. In medium supplemented with colchicine they undergo normal thickening but do not aggregate, in a pattern known from untreated cultures. This may indicate that microtubules are involved in the aggregation process of mitochondria as colchicine is known to inhibit microtubule formation. Moreover, in cell cultures treated with cytochalasin B mitochondrial aggregation does occur; it is concluded that microfilaments, which are sensitive to cytochalasin B, do not play a detectable role in the aggregation of mitochondria. PMID- 6807555 TI - [Protective therapeutic care in a ward for long term care]. PMID- 6807550 TI - Quantitative immunocytochemical studies on the gonadotrophs isolated from the pituitary of the male rat. AB - Quantitative studies on the population of the gonadotropic cells in the pituitary of adult male rats were performed after trypsic dissociation of the pituitary glands and immunoenzymatic staining with anti-beta-LH or anti-beta-FSH antisera. Number, area and extinction of labelled cells were measured by use of an image analyser and a cytophotometer. The gonadotrophs represent approximately 14% of the pituitary cells. The mean area of gonadotrophs is significantly larger after staining with anti-beta-LH serum than after staining with anti-beta-FSH serum. Planimetric measurement of the gonadotrophs reveals their variability in size ranging between 30 and 160 microns2. Moreover, the size distribution depends on the staining serum used: more numerous small-sized cells (less than 75 microns2) are stained with anti-beta-FSH serum than with anti-beta-LH serum, which conversely stains more numerous large-sized cells. Cytophotometric measurements indicate that immunostaining varies greatly among cells of the same size class and that the staining intensity appears to increase according to the cell size. These results emphasize the morphofunctional heterogeneity of the gonadotropic cell population. PMID- 6807553 TI - Role of mitochondrial membrane potential in the regulation of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - The level of cytoplasmic calcium ions appears to be important in the control of murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell differentiation. Our interest in this study focuses on the relationship between the regulation of calcium concentration and differentiation. We used the fluorescent membrane probe DiOC6 to examine the relationship between MEL cell mitochondria and changes in cytoplasmic calcium levels occurring at the initiation of commitment. Fluorescence microscopy reveals the selective association of DiOC6 with MEL cell mitochondria, where an enhanced fluorescence is observed. Treatment of cells with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or other inducers causes a decrease in mitochondria-associated fluorescence levels that occurs with the initiation of commitment. A decrease in DiOC6 fluorescence is caused by agents that reduce mitochondrial membrane potential, but is only slightly affected by agents that alter plasma membrane potential. Amiloride and EGTA, agents that prevent commitment and inhibit calcium uptake, also prevent the decrease in DiOC6 uptake caused by DMSO. The effect of DMSO on MEL cell mitochondria is mimicked by FCCP, a proton ionophore that dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential. FCCP also caused MEL cell mitochondria to release calcium into the cytoplasm. When MEL cells are treated with DMSO plus FCCP, commitment is initiated without the lag period observed when cells are treated with DMSO alone. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that mitochondrial transmembrane potential is important in the regulation of cytoplasmic calcium levels at the time of commitment of MEL cells to terminal differentiation. PMID- 6807554 TI - Characterization of an in vitro proliferation response to solubilized Trichinella spiralis antigens: role of la antigens and Ly-1+ T cells. PMID- 6807556 TI - Metabolism and mechanisms of action of 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-6-mercaptopurine in Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The mechanisms of action of 9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-6-mercaptopurine (THFMP) have been studied in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in tissue culture. THFMP is relatively unstable in physiological buffers, being facilely converted to 6 mercaptopurine (6-MP) even in the absence of cells. Consequently, THFMP undergoes metabolic conversions characteristic of 6-MP, namely formation of 6-thioIMP and incorporation into DNA as 6-thio-guanine (6-TG) nucleotide. A number of purines are capable of preventing the toxicity of THFMP in wild-type cells in a manner similar to that of 6-MP. However, exogenous purines and pyrimidines did not prevent the toxicity of THFMP to cells deficient in the enzyme, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EF 2.4.2.8; HGPRTase). Cells lacking HGPRTase were 20--40-fold resistant to 6-TC and 6-MP but were only 2--4-fold resistant to THFMP. Furthermore, the time-course for killing CHO cells deficient in HGPRTase was different from that in wild-type cells containing the enzyme. There was no apparent effect of THFMP on the utilization of precursors for DNA, RNA or protein synthesis in the enzyme-deficient mutant cell line. The results suggest that THFMP is converted non-enzymatically to 6-MP and shares its mechanisms of action in wild-type cells containing HGPRTase, i.e., inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis and incorporation into DNA as 6-TC nucleotide. However, the mechanism of action of THFMP in cells lacking HGPRTase is probably unique and is presently unknown. PMID- 6807557 TI - The effect of the isomers of alpha-cholorohydrin and racemic beta-chlorolactate on the rat kidney. AB - The (R)- and (S)-isomers of the male antifertility agent alpha-chlorohydrin have been synthesized. When administered to rats, the (R)-isomer induced a period of diuresis and glucosuria, whereas the (S)-isomer, which possesses the antifertility activity, had no detrimental action on the kidney. Neither of the isomers of alpha-chlorohydrin nor those of an active analogue, 3-amino-1 chloropropan-2-ol, had any inhibitory activity on the oxidative metabolism of glucose or lactate in isolated kidney tubules. However, beta-chlorolactate, a metabolite common to both compounds, inhibited the oxidation of glucose, lactate, pyruvate and glutamate to CO2. It is proposed that the antifertility action of the (S)-isomers of alpha-chlorohydrin and 3-amino-1-chloropropan-2-ol is unrelated to the renal toxicity of the (R)-isomers, a toxic action involving the inhibition of oxidative metabolism by (S)-beta-chlorolactate or a further product of this metabolite. PMID- 6807558 TI - Studies of absorption promoters for rectal delivery preparations. II. A possible mechanism of promoting efficacy of enamine derivatives in rectal absorption. PMID- 6807559 TI - Limitations to exercise capacity and endurance: pulmonary system. AB - The response of the pulmonary system to exercise is well-documented to be quite precise in its homeostatic regulation, highly efficient in terms of its physiologic cost, and operating well within its maximum reserves. Two exceptions to these generalizations are documented here in the highly-trained athlete: 1) the arterial hypoxemia observed in short-term work at a VO2 greater than 4-5 l . min-1, and 2) the tachypneic hyperventilation of long-term, heavy exercise in varying environmental conditions. The potential causes and consequences of these responses are discussed with reference to so-called exercise "limitations". The trained state as a cause of pulmonary limitations is emphasized. PMID- 6807561 TI - Initiation of C3H/10T1/2 cell transformation by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine and aflatoxin B1. AB - The utility of C3/H/10T1/2 mouse embryo fibroblasts for the detection of carcinogenic substances has been limited by their apparent insensitivity to the oncogenic effects of direct-acting alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and procarcinogens such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Because the process of C3H/10T1/2 transformation can be observed to proceed through discrete stages of initiation and promotion, we have considered the possibility that MNNG and AfB1 may only initiate C3H/10T1/2 transformation. Treatment of asynchronous C3H/10T1/2 cells with MNNG or AfB1 alone generally produced few transformed foci. If MNNG or AfB1 treatment was followed by the exposure of cells to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), numerous transformed foci were produced. Phorbol did not enhance transformation by either substance. MNNG and AfB1 thus appear to be initiating agents for transformation. TPA also enhanced the transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells by low doses of 3 methylcholanthrene (3-MCA), but transformation by high concentrations of 3-MCA was inhibited by the presence of TPA. These studied suggest that the sensitivity of the C3H/10T1/2 transformation system to potential carcinogens can be dramatically heightened if the bioassay is conducted in the presence and absence of TPA. PMID- 6807560 TI - The comparative pharmacokinetics of pentamethylmelamine in man, rat, and mouse. AB - The pharmacokinetics of pentamethylmelamine (PMM) have been investigated in mouse (Balb C-, CBA/LAC, nude), rat (Wistar), and man. In all three species, PMM was extensively demethylated to N2,N2,N4,N6-tetramethylmelamine and N2,N4,N6 trimethylmelamine, although marked species differences in the rate of metabolism were observed. PMM metabolism was more rapid in the mouse (plasma t1/2 = less than 15 min) than in the rat (plasma t1/2 = 40 min), and slower in man (plasma t1/2 = 102 min) than in either mouse or rat. Furthermore, the peak plasma concentrations of N-methylolmelamines, intermediates generated during oxidative N demethylation, were correspondingly higher in the mouse (563-773 microM) than in the rat (211 microM), whilst in man they were undetectable (less than 50 microM). In view of the highly cytotoxic nature of N-methylolmelamines, we conclude that these pharmacokinetic differences may be related to the antitumour effectiveness of PMM in mouse, rat, and man. PMID- 6807562 TI - Correlation between sensitivity to tumor promotion and sustained epidermal hyperplasia of mice and rats treated with 12-O-tetra-decanoylphorbol-13-acetate. PMID- 6807563 TI - Concentration dependent alterations of DNA replication initiation and elongation by benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide. AB - Vero cells treated with various concentrations of (+/-)7 beta, 8 alpha-dihydroxy 9 alpha, 10 alpha-epoxy, 7,8,9,10-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP-diol epoxide I) exhibited dose-dependent inhibition in both the rate of DNA synthesis and in the size of nascent DNA. The maximum inhibition was seen 2--3 h after addition of BP diol epoxide I. A recovery in both the rate of synthesis and size of nascent DNA was observed 5--10 h after treatment. The pH step alkaline elution assay which separates different nascent DNA replication intermediates was used to investigate whether the inhibition and recovery noted above could be accounted for by alterations in DNA replication initiation (DNA synthesis within a replicon) or elongation (rejoining of replicons). At lowest dose studied (0.166 muM BP-diol epoxide I) a reversible inhibition in DNA initiation was observed. At the higher dose levels (0.66 muM and 1.66 muM BP-diol epoxide I) inhibition of both DNA initiation and elongation were observed and inhibition of elongation predominated. The inhibition in elongation was detected by an increase in the relative amount of low molecular weight nascent DNA associated with DNA synthesis within a replicon and a relative decrease in the higher molecular weight elongated DNA. A reversal in the inhibition of both initiation and elongation was noted. PMID- 6807564 TI - Aflatoxin B1 metabolism and DNA binding in isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was examined in freshly isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout. Intracellular DNA adduct formation was linearly related to AFB1 dose, and qualitatively similar to adducts formed in vivo. The rate of adduct accumulation was constant during the first hour following completion of the preparation, after which an increase and gradual decrease in rate routinely occurred. The relative rates of production of the major unbound AFB1 metabolites aflatoxicol, aflatoxin M1, and polar conjugates, also remained constant over the first hour of preparation age, but subsequently changed in a manner consistent with the changes in DNA binding. The common solvent vehicles ethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide were shown to seriously perturb AFB1 metabolism and DNA binding even at levels less than 1%. A simple method is reported for removal of ethanol prior to introduction of hepatocytes for incubation with AFB1. The influence of cell concentration was also examined. DNA binding and relative distribution of AFB1 metabolites showed little or no dependence in the range 1-6 x 10(6) cell/ml, but were substantially altered above 10(7) cells/ml. Under defined conditions, studies in isolated hepatocytes appear to reflect in vivo cell capabilities for AFB1 metabolism. PMID- 6807565 TI - Comparative mutagenicity of dimethylaminoazobenzene and analogues in Salmonella. PMID- 6807566 TI - Analysis of coronary responses to various doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin. AB - We studied the degree of coronary artery dilation resulting from increasing doses of intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG). Heart rate, aortic pressure and coronary artery angiograms were recorded before and after 5-, 50-, 150- and 250-microgram doses of NTG infused into the left main coronary artery. Coronary artery diameters were measured by a magnification angiographic technique. After intracoronary NTG, heart rate was unchanged 2 minutes after each dose. Mean aortic pressure was unchanged after 5 microgram (NS), but declined 5 mm Hg (mean) after 50 microgram, 9 mm Hg after 150 microgram and 18 mm Hg after 250 microgram (all p less than 0.05) compared with before NTG. The maximal increase in diameter occurred after 150 microgram, and no additional increase was seen after 250 microgram. After 5- and 50-microgram doses, 67% and 75% maximal dilation responses, respectively, were observed. Compared with coronary artery diameter before NTG, the 150-microgram dose increased the diameter of left main coronary artery by 5%, proximal coronary artery segments by 9%, middle segments by 19%, distal segments by 34%, collateral-filled coronary arteries by 38%, coronary artery stenoses by 5%, and small coronary arteries (0.4-1.0 mm) by 54%. These data indicate that relatively small doses of intracoronary NTG produce potentially important coronary artery dilation without important changes in heart rate and aortic pressure. These observations should prove helpful in choosing dosage schedules for intracoronary NTG. PMID- 6807567 TI - Effects of oral disopyramide phosphate on induction and sustenance of atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia incorporating retrograde accessory pathway conduction. AB - We performed electrophysiologic studies before and after oral administration of disopyramide phosphate, 200 mg every 6 hours, in 20 patients with atrioventricular (AV) reentrant tachycardia using a retrogradely conducting accessory pathway. Disopyramide markedly depressed retrograde accessory pathway conduction by increasing the mean ventricular paced cycle length that produced ventriculoatrial block (less than or equal to 287 +/- 4 to greater than or equal to 392 +/- 22 msec, p less than 0.01); it also depressed antegrade normal pathway AV conduction by increasing the atrial paced cycle length that produced AV block (287 +/- 9 to 328 +/- 7 msec, p less than 0.01). In 14 patients, tachycardia could not be induced or sustained after disopyramide phosphate. In 13 patients, this reflected depression of the retrograde limb with either absence of atrial echoes (nine patients) or induction of nonsustained tachycardia that terminated after the QRS complex (four patients), and in one, it reflected depression of the antegrade limb with induction of a single atrial echo not followed by a QRS response. In six patients, sustained tachycardia could still be induced after disopyramide. Oral disopyramide phosphate is effective in preventing induction of sustained AV reentrant tachycardia in most patients. This effect is achieved by depression of the retrograde limb of the reentrant circuit. PMID- 6807568 TI - Treatment of stable angina of effort with verapamil: a double-blind, placebo controlled randomized crossover study. AB - The effects of verapamil were assessed in 26 patients with stable exertional angina pectoris in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover protocol using serial treadmill tests. Verapamil, 480 mg/day, reduced anginal frequency from 5.6 +/- 7.3 to 2.2 +/- 3.9 attacks per week (p less than 0.001) and nitroglycerin consumption from 3.4 +/- 4.9 to 1.2 +/- 2.5 tablets per week (p less than 0.05) compared with placebo. Treadmill time increased from 6.4 +/- 2.1 minutes during the placebo phase to 7.5 +/- 1.8 minutes during the verapamil phase (p less than 0.001). Verapamil's beneficial effect appeared to be related, in part, to a 10% reduction of the rate-pressure product at rest (p less than 0.05) and a 12% reduction during submaximal exercise (p less than 0.001). Verapamil also caused less marked ST-segment depressions at peak exercise (p less than 0.05) at a similar rate-pressure product, suggesting a favorable redistribution of coronary blood flow to the ischemic zone. Side effects from verapamil were minimal, consisting mainly of constipation (six patients). Verapamil appears to be a safe and effective drug for treating angina of effort. PMID- 6807571 TI - A simple and reproducible method for the estimation of triiodothyronine uptake (thyroxine binding index) using a new adsorbent. AB - A simple, rapid and reproducible method for the determination of triiodothyronine uptake using heat-treated wheat flour (TWF) as adsorbent is described. Three ml of TWF suspension in barbital buffer containing 125I triiodothyronine is added to 0.1 ml of serum sample in a plastic tube. The mixture is shaken for 30 seconds and is left to settle for 12 minutes or alternatively is centrifuged for one minute at 600 X g. The 1.0 ml of supernatant is transferred to another tube for counting. This method is virtually time and temperature independent. The effects of altering the concentration of 125I triiodothyronine and TWF are reported. Within-run precision has been estimated for normal (C.V. 1.2), high (C.V. 1.2) and low (C.V. 1.8) ranges. Estimation of between -run precision gave similar results. Comparison of results obtained by this method and by Thyopac-3 reagent kit (Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England) shows good correlation for Thyopac 3 values about 105, while for values below 105 the present method gives lower values than Thyopac-3. PMID- 6807570 TI - The effect of specimen collection additives and sample storage on the Dupont ACA glucose method. AB - Two studies are described in this paper for the purpose of extending the application of the Dupont ACA glucose method to (1) analysis of specimens containing sodium fluoride and sodium iodoacetate, and (2) analysis of specimens containing EDTA, provided analysis is conducted immediately following specimen collection and sample processing. PMID- 6807569 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in experimental coronary stenosis. II. Relationship between systolic wall thinning and regional myocardial perfusion in severe coronary stenosis. AB - To determine if there is a quantitative relationship between systolic contraction abnormalities (demonstrated by two-dimensional echocardiography) and reduced myocardial perfusion in a setting of moderate and severe coronary stenosis, we created 70% or 90% reduction in circumflex coronary artery diameter in open-chest dogs. Transient ischemia was induced by superimposing increased myocardial oxygen requirements (i.v. isoproterenol, aortic constriction) in the presence of the stenosis or by decreased coronary perfusion (lowering arterial pressure with i.v. nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, or hemorrhage). Acute systolic wall thinning show by two-dimensional echocardiography or by implanted myocardial sonomicrometers was taken as functional evidence of myocardial ischemia. Myocardial perfusion was determined by radiolabeled microspheres when wall thinning was apparent. Systolic wall thinning could not be induced by these interventions when the degree of coronary stenosis was only 70%. Systolic wall thinning occurred only when increased myocardial oxygen requirements or decreased aortic pressure were superimposed on 90% coronary stenosis. Under these conditions, myocardial perfusion was reduced to 28 +/- 27 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- SD), 15--25% of control. Aortic diastolic pressure was a major determinant of ischemia in that contraction abnormalities produced by a 90% stenosis and vasodilators or hemorrhage could be acutely reversed by superimposing acute aortic constriction, which elevated arterial pressure; myocardial perfusion increased correspondingly. Thus, the demonstration of transient systolic wall thinning by two-dimensional echocardiography during a stressful intervention indicated that severe coronary stenosis was present, and that the perfusion of the acutely dyskinetic myocardial area was 25% of control or less. PMID- 6807572 TI - Micromethod for lipid-chromatographic determination of cholesterol in lipemic sera. AB - A micromethod involving "high-performance" lipid chromatography was developed for determining cholesterol in sera obtained from animals that has been infused with high doses of lipid emulsions. Only 50 micro L of serum is required, and there is no interference from turbidity, bilirubin, fat-soluble vitamins, and sterols. Correlation with the commonly used Abell-Kendall method was good at cholesterol concentrations as great as 10.0 g/L (r = 0.998). The assay is ideal for determinations on samples from pediatric and hyperlipidemic patients. It is particularly useful for monitoring patients on lipid-emulsion therapy and for toxicological studies with small animals. PMID- 6807573 TI - "Rocket" immunoelectrophoresis assay of vitamin D-binding protein (Gc globulin) in human serum. PMID- 6807575 TI - Free thyroxine: a comparison of direct and indirect methods and their diagnostic usefulness in nonthyroidal illness. PMID- 6807576 TI - Practical enzyme immunoassay for prolactin in human serum. AB - We have developed a competitive enzyme immunoassay for prolactin in human serum. Serum samples were incubated at 4 degrees C for 48 h with anti-prolactin antibodies and prolactin labeled with beta-D-galactosidase. The antibody-bound form of labeled prolactin was separated from the unbound form by a method based on the thiol-disulfide interchange reaction. By measuring the enzyme activity, serum prolactin could be determined. Sensitivity of the assay was 2.5 ng/ml, and the assay was as sensitive as radioimmunoassay. There was a good correlation between the values obtained by the enzyme immunoassay and those obtained by a radioimmunoassay (r = 0.98, slope = 1.26, y-intercept = - 12.8 ng/ml). PMID- 6807574 TI - Calcium oxalate-phosphate gallstones, a unique chemical type of gallstone. PMID- 6807577 TI - Immunochemical determination of human tear lysozyme (muramidase) in keratoconjunctivitis sicca. AB - Radial immunodiffusion was tested as an alternative for the agar diffusion assay for lysozyme in tear fluid. The influence of interactions between lysozyme and agarose or filter paper, used for sample collection, on the results of the immunodiffusion test was investigated. In 100 tear samples from 50 healthy volunteers and average lysozyme concentration of 1.9 g/l was found. Lysozyme values obtained by both methods in the tear fluid of a group of 78 volunteers, ranging from healthy individuals to severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca patients were compared. A lower limit of normal at 1.1 g/l was found by the radial immunodiffusion assay. PMID- 6807578 TI - Agarose gel isoelectric focusing of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) isoenzymes from different human tissue extracts. PMID- 6807579 TI - Radioimmunoassay of group II pepsinogen in human serum. AB - A new radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a double antibody method for human Group II pepsinogens in serum was developed. (1) Sensitivity of this assay system was of the order of 1 microgram per 1 of serum and optimal assay range was 10 to 50 microgram per 1; (2) no effect of interference of human serum was detected and there was no cross-reaction with human Group I pepsinogens within the optimal assay range; (3) satisfactory results were obtained for both within- and between assay reproducibility (coefficient of variation was 3.9% and 3.7-15.3%, respectively); (4) the mean (+/- SEM) serum Pg II level in healthy donors was 15.9 +/- 0.7 microgram/l for males and 12.8 +/- 1.3 microgram/l for females; the difference between males and females was statistically significant (p less than 0.05); (5) the mean serum Pg II level in 10 patients with total gastrectomy was 1.2 +/- 0.05 microgram/l. These results suggest that most of Pg II in human serum is derived from the gastroduodenal system. PMID- 6807582 TI - [A case of Cockayne syndrome with cerebellar ataxia improved after TRH therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807583 TI - [Measurement of serum thyroxine binding globulin concentration by radioimmunoassay (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807581 TI - Myocardial adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase in the developing spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - Cardiac membrane preparations from developing spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (0 to 125 days of age) were analyzed for the apparent numbers of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activities in an attempt to correlate biochemical changes with the reported functional changes occurring with the development of hypertension in the SHR. Although the apparent number of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors were similar in both strains of rats, isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activities were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in the prehypertensive SHRs when compared to WKY rats and declined to lower values as hypertension appeared. The percent stimulation produced by isoproterenol remained similar in cardiac membranes from normotensive WKY rats at all ages of development whereas this percent stimulation was 40% higher at birth in the SHRs and declined to approximately one half the original value by 100 days of age (P less than 0.05). The elevated adenylate cyclase activity observed during the prehypertensive state may contribute to the genesis of hypertension. PMID- 6807580 TI - The response of prolactin to chlorpromazine stimulation in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and early pubertal boys: relationship to sex steroid exposure. AB - The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on prolactin (PRL) secretion was studied in fourteen sexually immature males; nine with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and five who proved to be normal early pubertal boys. Initially, clinical features and basal levels of testosterone, LH and FSH in serum collected in the morning and the gonadotrophin responses to LHRH stimulation were similar in all subjects. Following CPZ the early pubertal boys increased PRL levels by at least 15 ng/ml, responses similar to those of normal men, whereas no subject with complete hypogonadotropism increased PRL by more than 5 ng/ml. Two subjects with incomplete hypogonadotropism ('fertile eunuchs') exhibited responses similar to normals. Treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) or testosterone enhanced the PRL response to CPZ in three of six hypogonadotrophic subjects. Ten additional hypogonadotrophic men studied while receiving long term treatment with hCG or testosterone also manifested normal responses to CPZ. These data indicate that lack of sex steroid exposure, rather than a more generalized hypothalamic disorder, explains the attenuated PRL response to CPZ found in untreated men with idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Moreover, CPZ-stimulated PRL secretion may prove to be of practical value in distinguishing hypogonadotrophics from boys with delayed puberty. PMID- 6807584 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of children with growth hormone deficiency. AB - Growth hormone deficiency embraces a heterogeneous group of disorders with multiple aetiologies. The biggest single division is between those children whose growth hormone deficiency is due to a structural lesion and those where it is not. In both cases other pituitary hormones may, or may not, be affected, although when a structural lesion is present multiple pituitary hormone deficiency is the rule rather than the exception. In the absence of structural lesions the pathogenesis of the condition in still largely obscure, although some mechanisms, such as cranial irradiation, are now well recognized. Birth trauma is also now a strong candidate as a predisposing factor. The prevalence of growth hormone deficiency is still uncertain, but is probably about 1 in 4000 live births. The clinical features of growth hormone deficiency are usually fairly clear, with short stature, low growth velocity, excess subcutaneous fat and delayed skeletal maturation being the principal clinical features. Laboratory investigation still largely depends upon the assessment of pituitary growth hormone secretion in response to a variety of provocation tests and is still in many ways unsatisfactory. Treatment consists of parenteral growth hormone replacement using material of human cadaveric origin. Non-primate growth hormones are of no value. Other endocrine abnormalities, when present, are treated appropriately, and with early diagnosis and optimal therapy the height prognosis is reasonably good. The principal aims for the future must be to ensure supplies of therapeutic growth hormone, improve some of the diagnostic procedures and ensure early ascertainment. PMID- 6807587 TI - Intensive therapy unit management of toxic epidermal necrolysis: practical aspects. PMID- 6807585 TI - Diabetes mellitus in childhood. AB - This review has attempted to highlight current views on the aetiology and management of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Emphasis has been placed on the management of ketoacidosis, the need for education and the use of home blood glucose monitoring. A perspective on new research direction has been given. PMID- 6807586 TI - Gynaecological endocrinology of the paediatric and adolescent age group. PMID- 6807589 TI - Absence of antibodies to muramyl dipeptide in patients with tuberculosis or leprosy. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELisa) was used to detect the presence of antibodies to muramyl dipeptide (MDP) in serum of patients with leprosy or tuberculosis. Using a conjugate of MDP-lysine to horse radish peroxidase, no such antibodies could be detected in sera of either patients or controls. Antibodies to a sonicate antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were found in sera of all individuals tested and the binding of these antibodies to the M. tuberculosis antigen could not be inhibited by MDP. On the other hand, binding of MDP to anti MDP antibodies, raised in rabbits, was largely inhibited by free MDP, slightly inhibited by M. tuberculosis antigen and was not inhibited by the patients' sera. PMID- 6807591 TI - A lymphoproliferative syndrome, "cutaneous dystrophy" and combined immune deficiency with lack of helper T-cell factor. PMID- 6807590 TI - Insulin-specific antibodies and insulitis in mice immunized with purified porcine insulin. AB - The murine antibody response to porcine insulin is controlled by immune response genes of the major histocompatibility complex. Animals of the one haplotype (H 2d) produce specific antibodies to pork insulin, while animals of other haplotypes do not. We analysed the antibody responses to purified pork insulin by animals of responder and non-responder haplotypes, and attempted to correlate these responses with histopathological findings at necropsy. Animals of responder and non-responder haplotypes immunized with insulin or control preparations generally presented similar pathological pictures. We found granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates in the liver and the periphery of the pancreas, mononuclear interstitial pancreatic infiltrates, and mononuclear hepatic pericholangitis. Those were ascribe to adjuvant. One animal (H-2d) immunized with insulin showed focal peri-insulitis. Otherwise, the inflammatory infiltrates in the islets reported by others were not observed. The significance of insulitis in experimental insulin immunity is discussed. PMID- 6807592 TI - Serum migration inhibitory activity against macrophages and tumor cells. PMID- 6807588 TI - Deleted IgG1 and IgG2 H chains in a patient with an IgG subclass imbalance. AB - The serum of a female patient studied over 7 months initially showed, in addition to normal residual IgG, two abnormal IgG proteins and in the last 3 months of the disease showed only one abnormal IgG protein. Gm typing and serological subclass determinations revealed an imbalance of allelic forms within the IgG1 subclass during the disease. The IgG2 level remained markedly elevated throughout the study. The two abnormal IgG-related proteins were devoid of light chains. The abnormal gamma cathodic immunoglobulin and the abnormal beta 2-immunoglobulin were Fc-like and covalently disulphide linked, with molecular weights of 60,000 daltons (N terminal, SER) and 72,000 daltons (N terminal, GLY) respectively. The first belonged to the IgG1 subclass and the second to the IgG2 subclass. No abnormal proteolytic activity was noted and plasma cells reacted with anti-gamma chain antisera only. We hypothesize that the molecular defect leading to the deleted chains was an early event, preceding the differentiation into plasma cells which produced the two IgG1 and IgG2 deleted H chains. PMID- 6807594 TI - Malignant schwannoma in neurofibromatous elephantiasis of the upper extremity. PMID- 6807593 TI - The effect of indomethacin on para-articular ectopic ossification following total hip arthroplasty. AB - Three patients exhibiting Grade III para-articular ectopic ossification following bilateral hip arthroplasty were successfully treated by excision of the bone and small-dose, short-term indomethacin therapy. Based on these results, a preliminary study was performed to determine the effect of indomethacin used prophylactically in patients who were predisposed to ectopic ossification and were undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Of a retrospective control group of 24 hips with extensive bilateral osteoarthritis, 63% were found to develop ectopic ossification following arthroplasty compared to 17% of a similar group treated with indomethacin (p less than 0.001). The ectopic ossification in the indomethacin-treated group possibly was of lesser severity (Grade I) than that encountered in the control group. PMID- 6807595 TI - Osteochondritis dissecans. History, pathophysiology and current treatment concepts. AB - The past and current status of osteochondritis dissecans suggests that there is still no clear cut etiology. The etiologic mechanism is generally assumed to be multifactorial and related to minor trauma occurring at a susceptible locations. The existence of two clinical patterns is important. Conservative treatment should be emphasized in the young patient who has open physes and a more aggressive approach in the older symptomatic patient. Drilling has a use in the loose unseparated fragment. Free fragments should be replaced when possible if they involve a portion of the weight-bearing articular surface. When replacement is impossible, treatment must be individualized, either by trephining or spongialization followed by joint ranging exercises with nonweight-bearing, or in cases which involve a large portion of the weight-bearing surface of the femoral condyle, a more radical treatment, including osteotomy, hemiarthroplasty, or allograft PMID- 6807596 TI - [A case of lysinuric protein intolerance with mental-physical retardation, intermittent stupor and hemiparesis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807597 TI - [Muscle type acid maltase deficiency. An intermediate case between childhood type and adult type (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807598 TI - The caffeine CO2 breath test: dose response and route of N-demethylation in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - The optimal conditions for performing the caffeine CO2 breath test (CBT) were investigated in smokers and nonsmokers. Caffeine labeled with 13C or 14C in all three (1, 3, and 7) methyl groups or specifically in the 1-, 3-, or 7-methyl groups were orally administered to healthy adults and the expiration of labeled CO2 was measured for 8 or 24 hr. The absolute rate of labeled CO2 excretion from trilabeled caffeine was proportional to the dose up to 3 mg/kg in all subjects. In smokers, the rate of labeled CO2 excretion averaged twice that in nonsmokers at all doses. A correlation was observed between the 2-hr cumulative CO2 excretion from trilabeled caffeine and the apparent oral metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of caffeine (R = 0.90). Monolabeled CBTs in smokers and nonsmokers demonstrated that 80% +/- 4% of labeled CO2 expired in the breath during the first 2 hr of a trilabeled CBT was derived from the 3 position; at 6 to 8 hr equal amounts were derived from the 3 and 7 positions. Little N-demethylation was observed from the 1 position at any time during the 8-hr test. The results indicate that the 2-hr cumulative excretion of labeled CO2 could be used to accurately predict the metabolic clearance rate of caffeine is the best CBT parameter for detecting the effect of smoking on caffeine N-demethylation. The data suggest that the primary routes of caffeine metabolism are 3-N-demethylation and ring hydroxylation and confirm that caffeine metabolites are N-demethylated primarily in the 3 and 7 positions. PMID- 6807600 TI - Therapy of status epilepticus. PMID- 6807599 TI - Assessment of intestinal permeability in the experimental rat with [3H]cellobiotol and [14C]mannitol. AB - 1. The intestinal absorption of a mixture of [3H]cellobiotol and [14C]mannitol was determined by measuring the 3H/14C ratio in urine after oral administration of the labelled sugars to rats. This index of intestinal permeability was used to identify cellular dysfunction in experimental enteropathy in rats. 2. Rats with mucosal damage induced with ethanol showed an increased uptake of [3H]cellobiotol and a decreased uptake of [14C]mannitol compared with normal controls. The increased 3H/14C ratio in urine reflected the abnormal cell function known to be caused by ethanol. 3. Methotrexate treatment reduced the absorption of the two sugars whereas cetrimide treatment enhanced their absorption. However, in both methotrexate-induced and cetrimide-induced enteropathy the 3H/14C ratio in urine was unaffected by the mucosal damage. Here the permeability change was not related to absorptive dysfunction of the mucosal cells. 4. It is concluded that this labelled sugar absorption test enables the rapid and accurate identification of malfunction of intestinal mucosal cells in the rat. Moreover, the test distinguishes between changes in permeability caused by abnormal cell function and changes caused by gross disturbance of the structure of the mucosal surface. PMID- 6807601 TI - Mutational events in mouse myeloma cells. AB - Cultured mouse myeloma cells frequently generate variants in immunoglobulin expression and structure. In this paper the authors will review the phenotypes of the variants which have been identified and discuss the mechanisms which may be responsible for the somatic instability of the immunoglobulin genes in mouse myeloma cells. PMID- 6807603 TI - Simple daily technique to calculate total and interim changes of daily O2 consumption and CO2 production in premature infants. AB - A simple method to calculate oxygen consumption (VO2) and CO2 production (VCO2) over a 24-h period is described. VO2 and VCO2 were measured using flow-through technique and the total VO2 and VCO2 over a given period of time were determined from the area under the O2 and CO2 concentration-time curve of the mixed expired gas. The system was tested in vitro by burning 100% ethyl alcohol. The average error between measured and theoretical values for VO2 was 4.9% and for VCO2 was 4.7%. With a flow rate greater than 5340 ml/min through the system, the correlation coefficient between theoretical VO2 or VCO2 and measured VO2 or VCO2 was 0.99. The method was tested in vivo in 5 premature infants who were nursed under neutral thermal environment and received routine medical care. The results indicate that this simple method can be used to study the total and interim changes of daily VO2 and VCO2 in infants during their ongoing nursery care. PMID- 6807602 TI - High-pressure ventilation during CPR with 95% O2:5% CO2. AB - The effects of two different breathing-gas mixtures on blood flow, blood pressure, and arterial blood pH and PCO2 were measured in dogs during 2 different modes of CPR with high-pressure ventilation (50 cm H2O). Ventilation was either applied simultaneously with every compression (1:1) or interposed after every fifth compression (1:5). Ventilation with pure oxygen under either condition caused severe arterial alkalemia with hypocarbia after 2-min episodes of cardiac arrest and resuscitation (pH = 7.63, PCO2 = 5.0 after 1:1; pH = 7.63, PCO2 = 5.4 after 1:5). Ventilation with 5% CO2-enriched oxygen during CPR maintained acid/base status near prearrest values (pH = 7.22, PCO2 = 30.3 after 1:1; pH = 7.26, PCO2 = 28.0 after 1:5). Values obtained with radioactive microspheres for cardiac output (CO) and regional blood flow to brain, heart, and kidney were not significantly different under the 4 conditions. Electrical ventricular defibrillation was easily accomplished despite arterial alkalemia and hypocarbia. Ventilation at high pressures with CO2-enriched oxygen does not alter hemodynamics during CPR, but does prevent severe arterial alkalemia. PMID- 6807604 TI - Computer assisted planning of parenteral hyperalimentation therapy. AB - A computer program has been written to assist the physician in the planning of nutritional support. The program is divided into individual segments dealing with nutritional assessment, caloric requirements, hyperalimentation planning, and evaluation of nutritional therapy. Tables of anthropometric data have been fitted to exponential and polynomial equations in order to minimize data storage requirements and eliminate the need for interpolation schemes. Operation of the program does not require any form of reference material and prior computer training is not a prerequisite for program users. The program may be run on either a large desktop computer or a hand-held programmable pocket calculator with continuous memory and optional printer. PMID- 6807606 TI - Prevention of death of postsplenectomy sepsis with levamisole and penicillin. PMID- 6807607 TI - Functional characteristics of T cell hybridomas obtained by fusion of TCGF dependent helper T cell clones with BW5147. PMID- 6807608 TI - Human T cell hybridomas with tetanus-toxoid-specific helper activity. PMID- 6807609 TI - The pigments of the retinal pigment epithelium. PMID- 6807612 TI - Achievements in syphilis, leprosy and tinea capitis control in new China. PMID- 6807605 TI - Theory and techniques of nutritional support in the ICU. PMID- 6807610 TI - Aldose reductase and the etiology of diabetic cataracts. PMID- 6807611 TI - Nation-wide hypertension screening in China during 1979-1980. PMID- 6807614 TI - Urinary estriol evaluation in obstetrics. PMID- 6807613 TI - A clinical study of 100 status epilepticus cases. PMID- 6807615 TI - Surgical treatment of atypical coarctation of the thoracoabdominal aorta. PMID- 6807616 TI - Gastrointestinal tract carcinoid: radiologic and pathologic morphology. PMID- 6807617 TI - Pharmacologic studies on Radix puerariae: effects of puerariae flavones on coronary circulation, cardiac hemodynamics and myocardial metabolism in dogs. PMID- 6807618 TI - Artificial peripheral arteries and long-term results. PMID- 6807620 TI - Cigarette smoking among Beijing high schoolers. PMID- 6807619 TI - Praziquantel in clonorchiasis sinensis: a further evaluation of 100 cases. PMID- 6807621 TI - Unconventional bone grafting in femoral neck reconstruction. Report of a case. PMID- 6807622 TI - A five-year report (1975-1979) of a cardiovascular community control program in the Shijingshan District of Beijing. PMID- 6807623 TI - Single stage total ear reconstruction without using auricular skin. PMID- 6807624 TI - Ovarian sclerosing stromal tumors. Clinicopathologic study of 10 cases. PMID- 6807625 TI - Management of duodenal injury. PMID- 6807626 TI - A morphologic quantitative method for estimating severity of experimental rabbit coronary atherosclerosis. PMID- 6807627 TI - Normal values of 12 dermatoglyphic parameters in Chinese Hans. PMID- 6807628 TI - Echocardiography in chronic cor pulmonale. Its value in early diagnosis compared with roentgenography and electrocardiography. PMID- 6807629 TI - Diagnosis of atrial myxoma. A clinical analysis of 10 cases. PMID- 6807630 TI - Intrahepatic calculi. A report of 150 cases and experimental gallstone formation. PMID- 6807632 TI - Blood-gas analysis in 50 traumatic surgery cases. PMID- 6807631 TI - A case report of retrobulbar neuritis due to multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6807634 TI - [Surgical anatomy of the tracheobronchopulmonary apparatus in the most common experimental animals]. PMID- 6807633 TI - Multiple pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae. PMID- 6807636 TI - [Prediction of fetal blood group from amniotic fluid and use in hemolytic disease of the newborn (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807635 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in the treatment of postoperative digestive fistulas]. PMID- 6807637 TI - The regular divisions of the spermatocytes as related to a meiotic lysine-rich protein fraction. A study on the dichotomous male meiosis of Lepidoptera. AB - Lepidopteran primary spermatocytes are bipotential leading first to regular (eupyrene) and later to irregular (apyrene) meiotic divisions. The kinetics of the lysine-rich proteins during this dichotomous meiosis was studied using the fluorescent dye sulfoflavine. Throughout the spermatogonial divisions, the chromatin fluoresces while the cytoplasm remains unstained. Reversely, during the meiotic prophase, the cytoplasm fluoresces strongly while the nuclei show only a few weakly fluorescing structures. From premetaphase to telophase the meiotic chromosomes fluoresce strongly again. But during this period, only in the eupyrene cells the cytoplasm remains strongly fluorescent; the fluorescence vanishes in the cytoplasm of the apyrene spermatocytes. Thus, the regular (eupyrene) meiotic divisions and the presence of a lysine-rich protein fraction in the cytoplasm of the dividing spermatocytes of Lepidoptera, are probably related. PMID- 6807639 TI - [A discussion on the diagnosis of chronic respiratory acidosis complicated by acid-base dysequilibrium in cor pulmonale---with analysis of 249 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807638 TI - RNA polymerase II transcribes all of the heat shock induced genes of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Heat shock of Drosophila melanogaster induces the transcription of a small number of RNAs. Some of these encode protein products, but not all. We have investigated whether the several induced RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II or by some other RNA polymerase. Immunochemical staining of polytene chromosomes indicates that, on heat shock, RNA polymerase II is relocalized; it "migrates" from previously-active transcription sites to the heat shock induced loci. All heat shock induced puffs show immunochemical staining. Such staining correlates with RNA polymerase II activity as judged by the sensitivity of RNA synthesis at these sites to low concentrations of alpha-amanitin. Thus the protein-coding and non protein-coding heat shock-induced RNAs are transcribed by this polymerase specifically. We have also identified several non-puffed chromosomal sites at which RNA synthesis is induced by heat shock. PMID- 6807640 TI - [Oxygen therapy for patients with respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807641 TI - [Some problems of acid-base dysequilibrium in respiratory failure (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807642 TI - [Observations on the reactions and preventive efficacy of lyophilized group A meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807643 TI - [Clinico-pathological studies on epithelioma of eyelid (analysis of 40 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807644 TI - [Choristoma of the kerato-conjunctiva with nevus sebaceous (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807645 TI - [Crocodile tears (report of 7 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807646 TI - [Refraction of 1,242 eyes with normal vision in healthy youth (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807647 TI - [Application of computed tomography in ophthalmology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807648 TI - [An automatic system for X-ray localization of intra-ocular foreign bodies and its clinical use (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807649 TI - [Causes of loss of the globe after ocular injury ---histopathological analysis of 270 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807651 TI - [Surgical removal of intravitreous floating foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807650 TI - ["Magnetic induction rod" method for removal of intraocular foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807652 TI - [Extraction of non-magnetic intraocular foreign bodies under TV (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807653 TI - [Direct current iontherapy with radix pseudoginseng solution for hyphema (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807655 TI - [Bundle defects in chiasmal lesions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807656 TI - [Clinical investigation of anti-herpes simplex virus agents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807654 TI - [Treatment of potassium permanganate burns of cornea and conjunctiva with ascorbic acid solution (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807657 TI - [Congenital glaucoma: a clinical analysis of 50 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807658 TI - [Clinico-pathological analysis of keratoacanthoma of eyelid and conjunctiva (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807659 TI - [Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by macrophages. I. The growth of tubercle bacilli of various degrees of virulence in macrophages from peritoneal cavity of normal guinea pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807660 TI - [Phagocytosis of tubercle bacilli by macrophages. II. The growth of human type of tubercle bacilli H37Rv in macrophages from normal and vaccinated guinea pigs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807661 TI - [Blood gas analysis in 224 healthy subjects at high altitudes (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807662 TI - Simultaneous acute infections with hepatitis non-A, non-B, and B viruses. AB - A case of overt acute hepatitis acquired through accidental needle stick was reported. The episode of hepatitis was classified as non-A, non-B because no hepatitis B marker or IgM-anti-HAV was detected during the peak of hepatitis. Concurrent with non-A, non-B hepatitis, subclinical acute hepatitis B virus infection might have developed as evidence by de novo hepatitis B seroconversion 6 weeks later. It was concluded that hepatitis B and non-A, non-B viruses can be transmitted simultaneous by the same carrier, and can acutely infect the recipient simultaneously with possible viral interference. PMID- 6807663 TI - Metabolic activation of 7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]-pyrene during prostaglandin biosynthesis. PMID- 6807664 TI - Chloroform: a review of its metabolism, teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potential. PMID- 6807665 TI - [Chronic aflatoxin intoxication. I. Effect of food deprivation and chronic aflatoxin intoxication on albino rats]. PMID- 6807667 TI - Secondary hyperparathyroidism in X-linked hypophosphatemic mice. AB - Plasma parathyroid hormone (PTH) was measured in adult, age-matched, intact normal mice and Hyp male mice (n = 11/genotype). Hyp mice are an animal model for the human disease X-linked hypophosphatemia. A RIA was used which detects intact and carboxyl-terminal fragments of PTH. Hyp mice were found to have significantly higher plasma PTH levels (0.21 +/- 0.03 ng bovine PTH eq/ml) than normal mice (0.04 +/- 0.03 ng/ml; P less than 0.01). This hyperparathyroidism in the slightly hypocalcemic, osteomalacic Hyp mice may be the result of skeletal resistance to endogenous PTH and may contribute to their characteristically elevated renal excretion of phosphate and urinary cAMP PMID- 6807668 TI - Effects of in vivo hormonal treatment on serine metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Experiments were designed to estimate the effect of in vivo hormonal treatment of rats on serine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes by incubating hepatocytes in the presence or absence of 3-mercaptopicolinic acid (a potent inhibitor of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), the relative flow of [14C]serine carbon to [14C]glucose via the serine dehydratase (SDH)-initiated vs. serine amino transferase (SAT-initiated pathways could be estimated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes caused a tripling of the absolute rate of [14C]serine conversion to [14C]glucose, along with a shift in the relative importance of the SAT-mediated pathway. Hydrocortisone treatment had no significant effect on either the rate or route of serine metabolism. The SAT-mediated pathway was the major route of serine conversion to glucose after 4 days of chronic glucagon injections, although the absolute rate of conversion was enhanced by only 50%. This was the only treatment examined in which SDH was not the major route for serine gluconeogenesis. The enzyme activity responses of SDH and SAT to hormonal manipulation previously reported do not necessarily reflect the observed changes in pathway flux reported in the present study. PMID- 6807666 TI - Heterogeneity of rat pituitary gonadotropins on electrofocusing; differences between sexes and after castration. AB - Anterior pituitary extracts from intact and 4 week postcastration male and female rats were electrofocused in sucrose density gradients within the pH range 3.5-10. Column fractions were combined to cover this pH range in 0.5 pH units and assayed for LH by in vitro bioassay and RIA and for FSH by radioreceptor assay and RIA. The pH distribution of bioactive LH was altered after castration in both sexes, with the proportion of recovered activity in the alkaline pH range increasing (P less than 0.01) from 52-57% in the intact animal to 71-73% after castration. In addition, significantly more bioactivity was recovered in the pH range 7-9.5 with the male (37%) than with either of the female (diestrous, 30% or proestrous, 28%) groups (P less than 0.05). FSH receptor binding activity was located in the pH region 3.5-6.5. Significantly less receptor binding activity was recovered in the pH range 3.5-4.5 with the female groups (39% and 37% diestrous and proestrous, respectively) than the male group (61%; P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01). The distribution of immunoreactive LH and FSH was similar to that observed with the LH in vitro bioassay and FSH radioreceptor assay. It is concluded that the charge distribution of pituitary gonadotropins is altered according to the sex of the animal and after castration. These findings provide further evidence that the type of gonadotropin produced by the pituitary is under endocrine control. PMID- 6807669 TI - Enhancement of DMBA induced mammary tumours by intermittent whole body hyperthermia (42 degrees C). AB - Wistar Female rats bearing DMBA induced mammary tumours were subjected to whole body hyperthermia 42 degrees C dry heat exposure for 15 minutes daily for 6 weeks. The control group was maintained at a room temperature of 25 degrees C. Hyperthermia induced significant growth stimulation of breast tumour compared to the controls. Plasma estradiol was slightly decreased while total T4 and TSH values remained unchanged in heat stressed rats. Plasma prolactin was significantly increased together with enhanced synthetic activity of pituitary prolactin cells. It is concluded that heat acting as stressor accelerates breast tumor growth, probably by influencing synthesis of prolactin. Therefore the hormone dependency of tumours should be considered before hyperthermia is used as an anticancer modality. PMID- 6807670 TI - In vivo inhibition of incorporation of [U-14C]glucose into proteins in experimental focal epilepsy. AB - The in vivo incorporation of [14C] from [U-14C]-glucose into rat brain proteins from different cortical areas was examined in three different experimental focal epilepsies: cobalt, freeze-lesions, and tityustoxin. When [U-14C]-glucose was injected intraperitoneally into awake and unrestrained animals with marked signs of epileptic hyperactivity, the inhibition of incorporation of [14C]-amino acids into trichloracetic acid (TCA)-insoluble proteins was highest in the focal (sensorimotor) area when compared with distant regions (approx. 60%), but less when compared with the contralateral (sensorimotor) region (approx. 23%). Greatly decreased incorporation caused by both cobalt and freeze-lesion-induced epilepsies was also observed in the contralateral area when a comparison was made with distant regions (approx. 50%), but there were no significant differences in protein-specific radioactivity between the different distant areas. PMID- 6807671 TI - Comparative anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of clobazam, diazepam, phenobarbital, and valproate in mice and rats. AB - The 1.5-benzodiazepine (clobazam), the 1,4-benzodiazepine (diazepam), and two nonbenzodiazepine antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital and valproate) were evaluated in mice and rats with a battery of well-standardized anticonvulsant test procedures. The results obtained indicate that clobazam and valproate exhibit a wider range of experimental anticonvulsant activity than either diazepam or phenobarbital. Except for clobazam by the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in rats, clobazam and valproate are effective in nontoxic doses against MES and all four chemically induced seizures (Metrazol, bicuculline, picrotoxin, and strychnine). Clobazam is effective by the MES test in rats only in doses that exceed the median minimal toxic dose. Phenobarbital is effective against all of the above tests, but minimal toxic doses must be employed to prevent strychnine seizures. Diazepam, on the other hand, is effective in nontoxic doses against seizures induced by Metrazol, bicuculline, and picrotoxin, but protects animals from maximal electroshock and strychnine seizures only when given in toxic doses. When compared on the basis of protective indices (PI = TD50/ED50) calculated from intraperitoneal data, the PIs for clobazam were 1.6 to 13 times higher than those for diazepam. Overall, except for the MES test in rats, the PIs for clobazam were from 1.5 to 44 times higher than those for any of the other three substances. With respect to the MES test in rats, the PI for clobazam was 10.8 times higher than that for diazepam; however, the PIs for phenobarbital and valproate were 3.5 and 4.4 times higher, respectively, than that for clobazam. These data suggest that the spectrum of anticonvulsant activity for the 1,5-benzodiazepine (clobazam) is superior to that for the 1,4-benzodiazepine (diazepam). Also, the broad experimental profile of anticonvulsant activity of clobazam agrees well with its reported broad clinical efficacy. PMID- 6807673 TI - Whole body measurements of sodium turnover in offspring of patients with sustained essential hypertension. AB - The elimination rate (percent per day) of injected 22Na using a whole body measurement technique was significantly lower (5.8 +/- 1.5) in normotensive or borderline hypertensive offspring of essential hypertensive patients than in 15 age- and sex-matched, normotensive controls (7.3 +/- 1.0). There were no significant differences in exchangeable sodium, whole body potassium or in the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and creatinine. The basis for the difference in turnover rate during week 1 is probably an alteration in the cellular handling of sodium (i.e. increased intracellular sodium) in the still normotensive offspring of patients with essential hypertension. The long-term (more than 100 days) whole body retention of 22Na was found to be only 0.1% of that injected, which justifies the use of this method on larger population groups. PMID- 6807672 TI - Sister chromatid exchange induced by short-lived monoadducts produced by the bifunctional agents mitomycin C and 8-methoxypsoralen. AB - To see if DNA crosslinks are involved in the induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE), Chinese hamster ovary cells were exposed to two bifunctional alkylating agents, mitomycin C and 8-methoxypsoralen, and their monofunctional derivatives, decarbamoyl mitomycin C and angelicin. The data indicate that monoadducts, rather than crosslinks, are responsible for SCE formation. Furthermore, all agents but angelicin produced short-lived lesions that led to SCEs in the first period of DNA replication after treatment (twin SCEs), but not in the second (single SCEs). In contrast, angelicin, like methyl methanesulfonate and N-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene, produced lesions that lasted more than one cycle, indicating that several different types of DNA lesions are capable of SCE induction. PMID- 6807675 TI - Serum T4, T3 and TBG concentrations during puberty in males. AB - Measurements of serum thyroxine (T4), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG), and triiodothyronine (T3), using RIA, were conducted in healthy Israeli boys, 149 children from the age 8 years were divided into five groups according to Tanner's puberty stages. The correlation with Tanner's staging showed a significant decrease in T4 and TBG concentrations during puberty. However, T3 decreased only toward the last stage of puberty (between P4 to P5). Our data indicate that during puberty in male subjects the decrease in TBG plays a significant role in the decrease of thyroid hormone concentrations. PMID- 6807674 TI - Infantile chlamydial pneumonia--a review based on 115 cases. AB - Clinical manifestations, diagnostic studies and management of chlamydial pneumonia were reviewed in 115 infants and compared to those from 21 infants with interstitial pertussoid eosinophilic pneumonia. The identity of these two forms of subacute afebrile pneumonia is suggested. Chlamydial pneumonia is natally acquired, essentially occurs during the second and third month of life, and its frequency in the United States is surprisingly high. Gradual onset of respiratory tract symptoms, lack of possible infection from symptomatic persons, afebrile course and staccato cough represent the typical anamnesis. Presence of conjunctivitis and serous otitis is common. Distinctive diagnostic studies include slight eosinophilia (greater than or equal to 300 eosinophils/mm3), elevated serum immunoglobulins M and G, depressed PO2 and normal PCO2 in arterial blood under room air, and both interstitial infiltrates and hyperexpansion of the lungs on chest roentgenogram. Chlamydial cultures of nasopharyngeal secretions or tracheal aspirates, and determination of antichlamydial antibody titers in serum are indicated in establishing the etiology. Adequate management consists of antichlamydial chemotherapy and general supportive care, including chest physiotherapy and oxygen and parenteral fluids when needed. PMID- 6807676 TI - Sanfilippo type D disease: clinical findings in two patients with a new variant of mucopolysaccharidosis III. PMID- 6807677 TI - Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with Turner's syndrome and hyperthyroidism. AB - Plasma prolactin (PRL) response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in 26 prepubertal and 19 pubertal children with constitutional short stature, 7 patients with Turner's syndrome and 10 patients with hyperthyroidism. The mean basal concentrations of plasma PRL did not differ among groups. In prepubertal children PRL responses to TRH were comparable in both sexes, while pubertal children plasma PRL levels after TRH in females were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in age-matched males. Plasma PRL levels after TRH in patients with Turner's syndrome were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than those in age-matched males, but were not significantly different from those in age-matched females. Plasma PRL response to TRH was markedly suppressed in patients with hyperthyroidism before treatment, but it returned to normal after treatment when patients became euthyroid. A significant correlation (P less than 0.05) between peak concentrations of plasma PRL and TRH stimulation and plasma T3 but not T4 levels was observed. These data suggest that a sex difference in TRH-stimulated PRL secretion appears around puberty and that plasma PRL response to TRH is suppressed in children with hyperthyroidism. The magnitude of plasma PRL response to TRH is closely correlated with the severity of hyperthyroidism when judged by plasma T3 but not T4 concentrations. PMID- 6807678 TI - Dehydrotestosterone penile stimulation in hypospadias surgery. PMID- 6807679 TI - Prophylactic chemotherapy of superficial transitional cell bladder carcinoma: an EORTC randomized trial comparing thiotepa, an epipodophyllotoxin (VM26) and TUR alone. AB - The Urological Group of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) has performed a randomized clinical trial designed to compare the disease-free interval, the recurrence rate and the number of patients with increase in tumor stage after transurethral resection (TUR) only or TUR followed by prophylactic bladder instillation of thiotepa or VM26 (an epipodophyllotoxin derivative). Drug instillation was initiated 1 month after TUR and subsequently administered weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for 1 year. 370 patients from 20 participating institutions in six different countries were admitted to this protocol. 308 eligible patients with follow-up were analyzed. There was no difference among the groups regarding the time of first recurrence (disease-free interval) but thiotepa significantly reduced the recurrence rate as compared to the control group or VM26. When adjusting for primary or recurrent patients stratification, the results remained the same. PMID- 6807681 TI - The effect of oxprenolol and indomethacin on renin and aldosterone of normal subjects during low sodium diet. AB - To study the mechanisms underlying renin and aldosterone increase during low sodium diet, eight normal subjects were studied during normal sodium diet (5 g of NaCl per day) for 5 days, after 4 days of low sodium diet, and, on continuing low sodium diet, after randomized treatment with oxprenolol (100 mg), indomethacin (200 mg) and oxprenolol + indomethacin (100 + 200 mg) each given for 24 h with a 48 h interval between each treatment. Renin (PRA) increased significantly after low sodium diet and the increase was inversely related to urinary sodium excretion. Both oxprenolol and indomethacin significantly reduced PRA to values similar to those during normal sodium intake, while the combination of the two drugs showed a net additive effect on PRA. PRA decrements after either oxprenolol or indomethacin were significantly related to PRA values after low sodium diet while no correlation was present between PRA values after oxprenolol and indomethacin. Aldosterone excretion showed a trend similar to that of PRA, being related to PRA on normal and low sodium diet, and to a lesser extent after drug treatment. These studies suggest that both the sympathetic nervous system and prostaglandins may play a permissive role in the regulation of renin and aldosterone of normal subjects on low sodium diet. PMID- 6807680 TI - Decreased sensitivity of immunoselected and NK-selected YAC lymphoma sublines to hybrid resistance in vivo. AB - Two sublines of the Moloney lymphoma YAC, selected by alternating in vitro exposure to anti-MCSA + complement and in vivo passage in preimmunized hosts, had a decreased or undetectable expression of MCSA. These 'immunoselected' sublines were compared with the original YAC line with regard to their ability to grow in a panel of semisyngeneic F1 hybrids. Natural hybrid resistance to YAC, previously found to be mediated by NK cells, affected the immunoselected sublines to a much smaller extent. This was further corroborated by the fact that the same sublines showed a decreased sensitivity to the in vitro lysis by NK cells from the same hybrid genotypes. Another set of YAC variants were produced by repeated in vitro exposure to NK cells and intermittent passage in highly NK-active F1 hosts. These 'NK-selected' sublines showed a permanently decreased sensitivity to NK lysis after 8-10 selections. When compared for in vivo growth with the parental YAC-1 tissue culture line in a spectrum of relatively resistant F1 hybrids, they had an increased frequency of takes. This is in line with recent findings which show a relationship between the target site for natural antibodies and anti-MCSA on the one hand, and between the natural antibody-binding site and the NK target site on the other. PMID- 6807683 TI - Noradrenaline release and clearance in relation to age and blood pressure in man. AB - Plasma noradrenaline concentration increases with age. This study was designed to investigate whether an increased rate of noradrenaline release into the circulation or a decrease in clearance is primarily responsible for this age related change in concentration. Sixteen healthy male subjects were studied, eight young (21-36 years) and eight old (65-78 years). Clearance was calculated from steady state noradrenaline concentrations during constant rate infusions of unlabelled noradrenaline. Clearance did not differ between the two groups: young 4.8 l/min (range 2.7-6.1), old 4.1 (range 2.6-8.2). The old subjects had significantly greater rates of release. Supine: young 10.3 nmol/min (range 5.3 17.6), old 19.7 (range 10.1-30), P less than 0.05. Standing: young 17.2 (range 11 36.4), old 29.2 (range 21.8-47.9), P less than 0.01. No significant relationship was found in either supine or standing position between rate of noradrenaline release and either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. These results indicate that plasma noradrenaline concentration rises with age because of an increased rate of release, but that this increased release is not responsible for the higher blood pressure seen in the elderly. PMID- 6807682 TI - Relationships between the metabolism of high-density and very-low-density lipoproteins in man: studies of apolipoprotein kinetics and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. AB - In order to gain further insight into the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and plasma triglyceride transport, measurements were made of HDL cholesterol concentration, apoprotein (apo) AI and AII metabolism, very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL) apo B metabolism, and heparin-elutable adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in seventeen subjects with a wide range of plasma triglyceride concentrations (0.8-25 mmol/l). The fractional catabolic rate (FCR) of VLDL apo B was directly related to LPL activity (r = +0.80), providing evidence that the activity of the enzyme in adipose tissue is a determinant of the rate of lipolysis of VLDL in man. HDL cholesterol concentration was a positive function of both VLDL apo B FCR (r = +0.74) and LPL activity, a finding consistent with previous evidence for the origin of a proportion of HDL cholesterol from 'surface remnants' liberated during VLDL catabolism. THe FCRs of both apo AI and apo AII were inversely related to VLDL apo B FCR (AI, r = -0.52; AII, r = -0.69) and to LPL activity. The synthetic rate of ap AII, but not that of apo AI, was positively correlated with VLDL apo B synthesis (r = +0.7 1). Thus, the metabolism of the major proteins of HDl in man appears to be closely associated with VLDL metabolism. PMID- 6807684 TI - Kinetics of primary bile acids in patients with non-operated Crohn's disease. AB - The metabolism of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid was studied in seventeen patients with non-operated Crohn's disease, eleven ileitis and six ileocolitis patients. The turnover of cholic acid was significantly increased in patients with ileitis (k = 2.01 +/- 1.13 days-1; P less than 0.001) and ileocolitis (k = 0.91 +/- 0.47 days-1; P less than 0.005) as compared to normals (k = 0.35 +/- 0.19 days-1). Although chenodeoxycholic acid was better preserved in the enterohepatic circulation than cholic acid its turnover was also significantly faster in ileitis (k = 0.81 +/- 0.56 days-1; P less than 0.005) and ileocolitis patients (k = 0.62 +/- 0.18 days-1; P less than 0.01) than in normals (k = 0.20 +/- 0.09 days-1). The fractional turnover of cholic acid was related to the length of ileal involvement (r = 0.761; P less than 0.001; n = 17). Patients with Crohn's ileitis tended to preserve normal fasting total bile acid pools by increased synthesis of primary bile acids and efficient absorption of deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid by the normal colon. Patients with active ileocolitis had decreased total fasting pool sizes (2.62 +/- 1.83 mmol; P less than 0.001) as compared to normals (7.69 +/- 1.61 mmol). In these patients there was no increase in bile acid synthesis as compared to normals and secondary bile acids were absent from bile. It is concluded that the colon has an important role in maintaining the fasting pool size to a normal level in the presence of an interrupted enterohepatic circulation of bile acids due to ileal disease. PMID- 6807685 TI - Alkaline phosphatase and acid lysosomal hydrolases in pancreatic juice and fibroblast cell cultures of patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. AB - Nine lysosomal enzymes and alkaline phosphatase have been assayed in human pancreatic juice from controls and patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis. Specific activities were evaluated by a nonparametric test (Wilcoxon) with a probability of 2 P less than or equal to 0.5. The values of acid phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase and alpha-galactosidase are significantly higher in pathological juices; the values of alpha-mannosidase and beta glucuronidase are also increased in the same patients but at the limit of significance. Alkaline phosphatase, beta-hexosaminidase and alpha-fucosidase follows the same trend but the values are not statistically significant between the two groups of patients. Studies on skin cultures of four patients with chronic calcifying pancreatitis demonstrate that the increased specific activities of lysosomal enzymes in the pathological juices do not correspond to a leakage of these enzymes into the extracellular space as described for cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6807689 TI - Erythrocyte deformability in dialysed and non-dialysed uraemic patients. AB - In thirty-one uraemic patients, fourteen on conservative treatment and seventeen on long-term haemodialysis, erythrocyte deformability, measured as filtration half-time in a paper filtration experiment, was studied. The two groups were comparable concerning age, sex and kidney disease. Although the mean filtration half-time for erythrocyte suspensions was normal in non-dialysed patients there was a positive linear correlation (P less than 0.01) between serum creatinine and filtration half-time in this group. Filtration half-time was increased in dialysed patients, indicating impaired deformability in the latter (P less than 0.001). Filtration half-time showed a good inverse correlation with the packed red cell volume in the non-dialysed (P less than 0.001) and in the dialysed group (P less than 0.01). As pre- and post-dialysis filtration half-times were the same, it appeared that the more severe uraemic state of dialysed patients was responsible for the impairment of erythrocyte deformability and not the dialysis procedure itself. PMID- 6807686 TI - The value of plasma prolactin levels in the prediction of the responsiveness of growth hormone secretion to bromocriptine and TRH in acromegaly. AB - The mechanism of the inhibition of growth hormone secretion in response to bromocriptine and the ability of thyrotropin releasing hormone to stimulate growth secretion in acromegaly is unknown. In the present study the relationship between the plasma prolactin concentration of untreated acromegalic patients and the reaction of growth hormone to thyrotropin releasing hormone and bromocriptine was investigated. Plasma prolactin levels were elevated in thirty-three (42%) of seventy-nine untreated acromegalic patients. Seventeen patients had mildly elevated prolactin levels, but in sixteen the plasma prolactin concentration was higher than 30 ng/ml. Bromocriptine (2.5 mg) inhibited growth hormone secretion by more than 50% in 22% of the normoprolactinaemic, in 53% of the mild hyperprolactinaemic and in 88% of the patients with a prolactin level above 30 ng/ml (P less than 0.01 v. normoprolactinaemic; P less than 0.01 v. mildly elevated prolactin levels). An increase of growth hormone secretion by more than 100% of the basal value in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone was observed in 44% of the normoprolactinaemic, in 59% of the mildly hyperprolactinaemic and in 75% of the clearly hyperprolactinaemic patients; (P less than 0.01 v. normo- and mildly hyperprolactinaemic patients). CONCLUSION: An increased plasma prolactin concentration in patients with acromegaly is accompanied in most patients by a higher sensitivity of growth hormone secretion to bromocriptine. PMID- 6807688 TI - Human endothelial cell proliferation inhibiting activity in the sera of patients suffering from 'shock' or 'sepsis'. AB - The response of DNA-synthesis of human endothelial cells to sera derived from twenty-five patients suffering from 'sepsis' or 'shock' was measured by autoradiographic methods. In eight cases a constant decrease in proliferative response was found compared to that of sera from healthy donors. These proliferation values were shown to lie below the '60%-of-control-line'. The difference between the means of control and of corresponding 'low-response' values was significant (P less than 0.05). In three cases a diminished response was caused only by some of several serum samples taken at different times. These results correlated well with the clinical state and outcome of patients but not with any of the over sixty clinical, therapeutic, laboratory and post-mortem parameters of investigation. Evidence is presented for a proliferation inhibiting activity in sera of patients in clinically poor states, and some physico-chemical properties of this 'factor' are described. Lethal injury to the cells or an impairment of cellular migration could not be observed within the observation periods used in this study. PMID- 6807687 TI - The determination of aminopyrin elimination for control of the metabolic capacity of the liver in man. AB - The kinetics of plasma and breath elimination of aminopyrine after 14C aminopyrine given orally were studied using an open one-compartment model and first order rates of elimination. The study comprised eight healthy volunteers and two groups with histologically verified chronic liver diseases (cirrhosis, n = 12, and chronic aggressive hepatitis, n = 12). Elimination rates from plasma and breath were significantly reduced in the group with cirrhosis, but only so in chronic aggressive hepatitis when they were expressed relative to each other. Monomethylaminopyrine was eliminated more rapidly compared to aminopyrine, and the rate of formaldehyde formation was positively correlated to the excretion rate of CO2 (r = 0.53, P less than 0.002). No correlation was found with clinical or other laboratory data in the groups of liver diseases studied. The test is a quantitative indicator of the drug metabolizing mixed function oxidases of the endoplasmatic reticulum of the liver, and may reflect the degree of damage to this system in chronic liver disease. PMID- 6807690 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on pulmonary perfusion distribution and gas exchange of normal subjects. AB - In eight healthy subjects we assessed the effects of 3 mg sublingual nitroglycerin on lung distribution of ventilation and perfusion using 133Xe (sitting, supine and lateral decubitus) and on alveolo-arterial O2 and CO2 partial pressure differences [(PAO2-PaO2), (PaCO2-PACO2)] and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio (VD/VT) (sitting). In all studied positions, nitroglycerin induced a significant decrease in uppermost perfusion indices, and a significant increase in dependent perfusion indices, without changing the distribution of ventilation. Significant increases in (PaCO2-PACO2) and VD/VT were observed up to 60 min after nitroglycerin. No changes in (PAO2-PaO2) occurred, except for a transient decrease due to transient hyperventilation following nitroglycerin. The redistribution of pulmonary perfusion after nitroglycerin may be attributed to the passive effects of lowered pulmonary vascular pressures, and to possible action on extra-alveolar vessels. The evolution of the indices of pulmonary gas exchange is compatible with the observed redistribution of ventilation/perfusion relationships. PMID- 6807692 TI - Sympathetic nervous activity and age. PMID- 6807693 TI - Insulin receptor binding increased by high carbohydrate low fat diet in non insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - In comparison to a traditional low carbohydrate diet (LC), the effect of an isocaloric high carbohydrate, high fibre diet (HC) upon the insulin binding to mononuclear blood cells of seven non-insulin-dependent diabetics was examined. Each subject, in random order, took both diets for 6 weeks each. There was no significant difference in weight during either dietary period, but a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the monocyte insulin binding activity on the HD diet (tracer specific binding: 4.2% HC; 3.5% LC). This was accompanied by a significantly (P less than 0.02) lower fasting plasma glucose concentration (LC = 7.1 mmol/l; HC = 6.1) without a significant change in the fasting plasma insulin level. In contrast to the usual low carbohydrate diet, a high carbohydrate diet tends to correct the lowered insulin receptor status observed in maturity-onset diabetics. PMID- 6807691 TI - Inhibition of 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 stimulated bone resorption in tissue culture by the calcium antagonist verapamil. AB - The effect of the calcium antagonist verapamil on 1 alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (1 alpha (OH)D3) stimulated bone resorption in tissue culture has been investigated. It was found that verapamil in concentrations above 20 mumol/l reduced 1 alpha (OH)D3-stimulated mineral mobilization, as measured by release of in vivo incorporated 45Ca from mouse calvarial bones. The inhibition of verapamil could be seen already 3 h after exposure to the drug. The increased degradation by 1 alpha (OH)D3 of the organic matrix in the calvaria, as assessed by the release of in vivo 3H-proline labelled collagen, was also reduced by verapamil. The inhibitory effect of the drug on 45Ca release was reversible after withdrawal. 1 alpha (OH)D3 increased the release of stable calcium and beta-glucuronidase, and these effects could be blocked by verapamil. Increasing medium calcium concentration from 1.8 to 5 mmol/l slightly reduced the inhibitory capacity of 50 mumol/l verapamil on 1 alpha (OH)D3-stimulated 45Ca release. These data indicate that stimulation of osteoclasts by hydroxylated metabolites of vitamin D to resorb bone and secrete lysosomal enzyme is dependent on an increased availability of free intracellular calcium. PMID- 6807694 TI - Effects of duodenal perfusion with sodium taurocholate on biliary and pancreatic secretion in man. AB - The effects of intraluminal sodium taurocholate (STC) on biliary and pancreatic secretion were studied in man using a duodenal perfusion technique and indocyanine green (ICG) as an exogenous biliary marker. Duodenal perfusion with 15 or 30 mmol/l STC in healthy subjects markedly suppressed caerulein and secretin stimulated biliary indocyanine green (ICG) excretion in a dose responsive manner, i.e. to 40% (17-95%, +/- 2 SD, n = 5) (P less than 0.025) and 32% (26-38%, +/- 2 SD, n = 3) (P less than 0.003) of i.v. ICG infusion, respectively, with a maximum suppression to 26% and 10%, respectively. In cholecystectomized subjects (n = 5), significant changes in ICG excretion were not observed during STC (15 mmol/l) perfusion. There were no suppressive effects on pancreatic enzyme or bicarbonate secretion in any of the subjects. Our observations suggest that the bile salts STC in the duodenum in man activated a mechanism which selectively suppressed biliary excretion. This is probably due to relaxation of the gallbladder and an increase in gallbladder storage of bile. PMID- 6807695 TI - Nitroglycerin for ergotism. Experimental studies in vitro and in migraine patients and treatment of an overt case. AB - Ergotamine was used to induce arterial contraction in vitro (measurement of isometric tension in segments from 3 human temporal arteries) and in vivo (peripheral systolic blood pressure measured by strain gauge plethysmography in 5 migrainous patients). In both these models of ergotism, the directly acting vasodilator nitroglycerine (NTG) effectively relieved the ergotamine-induced arterial contractions. A case of ergotism treated successfully with NTG infusion is reported. The diagnosis was based on history and measurement of peripheral systolic blood pressure by strain gauge plethysmography. The latter technique was also used to monitor the response to treatment for 20 h. Blood levels of ergotamine during ergotism were in the therapeutic range. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed. PMID- 6807696 TI - The effects of a monoclonal anti-mu chain antiserum on the in vitro growth of normal B cells. AB - Membrane immunoglobulin (Ig) on B cells plays a role in specifically focusing antigen onto the cell surface. An unresolved question is whether the Ig receptor itself has the capacity to deliver a signal to the B cell, and if so what is the mechanism of that signal. To explore these questions we have developed a monoclonal rat anti-mouse mu chain antibody (E4). In this study it is shown that protein A-Sepharose-purified monoclonal anti-mu chain antibody inhibits proliferation of normal B cells in vitro even at the single cell level. This effect was independent of Fc receptor interactions. Furthermore, E4 was shown to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced mitogenesis. These results provide evidence that interaction of antibody with only a single determinant on the Ig receptor can deliver a negative signal to the B cell. PMID- 6807697 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human erythrocytes. AB - Eight monoclonal antibodies from mouse hybridomas raised to normal human erythrocytes were tested with a panel of null-type erythrocytes, enzyme-treated normal cells, and by inhibition with human erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins. Two antibodies reacted poorly or not at all with RhNULL cells. These antibodies are of considerable interest since it may be possible to use them to elucidate the chemical nature of the antigens of the Rhesus blood group system. Four other antibodies were inhibited by sialoglycoprotein preparations. The antigens recognized were, respectively, two different determinants on the major sialoglycoprotein alpha (glycophorin A) and one determinant which is probably common to sialoglycoproteins alpha and delta (glycophorins A and B). Another antibody had anti-Wrb specificity. One of these antibodies is of considerable potential value for the further characterization of erythrocyte sialoglycoproteins. PMID- 6807698 TI - Reversal of bradykinin-induced reflex tachycardia to bradycardia by captopril; evidence for prostacyclin involvement. AB - In conscious male New Zealand rabbits, bradykinin caused dose-dependent (0.03-1 microgram/kg i.v.) hypotension and reflex tachycardia. After inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, also known as kininase II) with captopril (1 mg/kg i.v.), the hypotensive effect of bradykinin was enhanced in magnitude and duration but the normally observed tachycardia was reversed to bradycardia. In rabbits treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase and then given captopril, the bradycardia to bradykinin reverted to tachycardia whereas the magnitude of the initial hypotensive effect was unchanged. However, inhibition of thromboxane synthetase with SQ 80,338 (1-[3-phenyl-2-propenyl]-1H-imidazole) was without effect on either bradykinin-induced hypotension or bradycardia in captopril treated rabbits. Infusion of nicotine to inhibit prostacyclin synthetase completely reversed the bradycardia induced by bradykinin in captopril treated rabbits, an effect unrelated to ganglion blockade by nicotine since mecamylamine had no effect on the actions of bradykinin. beta-Adrenoceptor blockade with nadolol did not modify the bradycardia caused by bradykinin in captopril-treated rabbits whereas atropine methylnitrate caused a marked reduction. Captopril had no inhibitory effect on reflex tachycardia caused by nitroglycerin or acetylcholine and only reduced that caused by eledoisin. Hypotension and bradycardia resulted from giving rabbits prostacyclin (100 microgram/kg i.v.). These results suggest that the bradycardia observed in conscious rabbits to bradykinin after captopril treatment is the result of an increase in circulating bradykinin due to ACE (kininase II) inhibition leading to a vago-vagal reflex induced by the synthesis of prostaglandins, probably prostacyclin. PMID- 6807699 TI - Thromboxane A2 mediated bronchoconstriction in the anesthetized guinea pig. AB - Arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation has been shown to be selectively antagonized by the thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor SQ 80,338 or by the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist SQ 24,775. Experiments were done to see what effect these two compounds would have on the bronchoconstrictor response to various agents in the anesthetized guinea pig. Increases in pulmonary resistance and decreases in dynamic compliance were taken as an index of bronchoconstriction. Both SQ 80,338 (0.3-10.0 mg/kg) and SQ 24,775 (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) administered i.v. caused dose-related inhibitions of arachidonate-induced bronchoconstriction. SQ 80,338 (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) also inhibited bradykinin induced bronchoconstriction in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade. These same doses of SQ 80,338 and SQ 24,775 did not alter either histamine- or antigen induced bronchoconstriction. SQ 80,338 (10.0 micrograms/ml) prevented arachidonate-induced release of TXA2 from the isolated perfused guinea pig lung while SQ 24,775 (1.0 microgram/ml) antagonized the contraction of the isolated rat aorta induced by 9,11,AZO-PGH2. These results suggest that both arachidonate and bradykinin-induced bronchoconstriction are mediated through the generation of TXA2, while histamine- and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction are not. PMID- 6807700 TI - Inhibition of lens and cataract aldose reductase by protein-bound anti-rheumatic drugs: salicylate, indomethacin, oxyphenbutazone, sulindac. PMID- 6807701 TI - Age-related DNA fragmentation in two varieties of Drosophila melanogaster, Phaseolus (cotyledons), and three tissues of the mouse. AB - Agarose gel electrophoresis showed that no age-related DNA fragmentation occurred in wild-type or vestigial wing Drosophila, or in DNA from mouse brain and heart. DNA from mouse liver possessed a large fragment, estimated at 24 megadaltons, in all ages tested. Phaseolus cotyledon DNA possessed a fragment of approximately 3.5 megadaltons in both imbibed seeds and 12-day-old cotyledons. Thus, there appeared to be no age-related increase in the break-down of DNA into large fragments. PMID- 6807702 TI - Influence of age upon the cerebral metabolic changes induced by acute hypoxia on the synaptosomes from dog brain. AB - The synaptosomal fraction obtained from the motor area of the cerebral cortex of normocapnic, normoxic or hypoxic "young adult," "mature" and "senescent" beagle dogs is incubated and analyzed for : ATP, ADP, AMP, creatine phosphate, pyruvate and lactate. The data are compared with those obtained from the whole controlateral cortical motor area, by the surface freezing technique. After hypoxic hypoxia /15 min; PaO2 = 17-19 mm Hg), the metabolite contents and ratios are differently affected by ageing when the evaluations are performed in the incubated synaptosomal preparation or in the controlateral whole cerebral tissue. In fact, ageing does not affect so much the cerebral changes that occur in the overall energetic state during the hypoxic assault in vivo, but rather those that the synaptosomes remember the tend to reverse during the subsequent incubation in vitro. The protective action of several drugs on the synaptosomal phosphorylation state is tested. Phenobarbital shows a quite broad, age-independent spectrum of action. (-)Eburnamonine and dihydroergocristine exhibits a more limited, age dependent effectiveness, but are devoid of anesthetic action. Papaverine proves unable to affect the tested biochemical parameters. PMID- 6807703 TI - Effects of neuraminidase treatment on CFUs properties and CFUs numbers. AB - Incubation of bone marrow cells with Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase decreases the number of CFUs to a minimum of 25% of control numbers. It is shown that this decrease in CFUs numbers is not due to cytotoxic effects of neuraminidase but to a decrease in the spleen seeding efficiency of colony forming cells. Neuraminidase acts in two ways. It removes negatively charged neuraminic acids from membrane glycoproteins and glycolipids and it can adsorb to the cell surface. It is investigated which of the two enzyme effects is responsible for the decrease in CFUs numbers. Inhibition of the enzyme reaction by EDTA prevents to a great extent the decrease in CFUs numbers, while tests with mouse spleen cells and human erythrocytes show that EDTA has no or a positive effect on the adsorption of neuraminidase to the cell surface. This indicates that the neuraminidase induced decrease in CFUs numbers is caused by the enzymatic removal of neuraminic acids rather than by the adsorption of the enzyme to the cell surface. PMID- 6807704 TI - Therapeutic modulation of bronchial hyperreactivity. AB - At the department of allergology is Goteborg clinical models have been developed for studies of the allergen-induced and histamine- (and metacholine-) induced bronchial hyperreactivity. The reproductability in carefully selected asthmatic patients has been found to be acceptable. One of the aims has been to evaluate the clinical effect of new anti-allergic drugs. The importance for clinical methods has increased as experimental studies in animals have been found to be of limited predicted value. In drugs such as KWD 2131 and ketotifen more than one fundamental mechanism of action has been found. In those drugs we have tried to separate the different anti-asthmatic effects by using bronchial histamine provocations in combination with allergen provocations. The presentation will include a discussion of the provocation models used and the results of clinical trials on anti-allergic drugs. PMID- 6807707 TI - Plasmodium falciparum: automated assay of erythrocyte invasion using flow cytofluorometry. PMID- 6807706 TI - Rotation evoked by nigral stimulation following lateral hypothalamic, striatal, pallidal lesions in rats. PMID- 6807705 TI - Effects of various inhalation modes on the deposition of radioactive pressurized aerosols. AB - The deposition of aerosol consisting of Teflon particles (mass median aerodynamic diameter 3.2 micrometers) labelled with 99Tcm has been measured in patients with obstructive airways disease. Aerosol was inhaled at 30 l min-1 with 4 s breath holding (patient group A) and at 30 l min-1 with 10 s breath holding (patient group B). A further group of patients (group C) inhaled at 90 l min-1 with 10 s breath holding. Each subject was given the aerosol during inhalation at three different lung volumes (20% VC, 50% VC and 80% VC) on three different days. The greatest whole lung, tracheobronchial and alveolar depositions occurred in group B patients, irrespective of the lung volume of aerosol actuation. By comparison, deposition was similar in groups A and C only when the aerosol was actuated at 20% VC. Whole lung deposition in groups A and B was significantly correlated both with the bronchodilator response to terbutaline sulphate aerosol administered under the same inhalation conditions and with the residence time of airborne particles in the respiratory tract. The optimum inhalation technique for a beta adrenergic aerosol indicated by these data (slow inhalation with 10 s breath holding) confirms the results of previous studies. PMID- 6807709 TI - Demonstration of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by means of the immunoperoxidase technique in paraffin-embedded specimens of tumour tissues. AB - The unlabelled antibody-enzyme method with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase complex (PAP-complex) was used to demonstrate carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) or CEA-like substances in paraffin-embedded specimens of tumour tissues with an anti-CEA antiserum of a rabbit. The anti-CEA-antiserum used in this study exhibited a high anti-CEA-activity and a low activity to an impurity. The paraffin-embedded specimens of tumour tissues were investigated at serum dilutions of 1 : 16, 1 : 64, and 1 : 256. The sections of colorectal cancer showed the highest content of CEA. In 36 of 37 cases the tumour tissue reacted to the anti-CEA-antiserum up to a dilution of 1 : 256. The stomach cancer tissues contained significantly lower CEA-levels than the colorectal cancer. The sarcomas, malignant melanomas, the tumour of testis, the prostatic cancers and basal cell carcinomas of the skin were found to contain none or very low CEA-content. In most specimens of these tumours the CEA was not demonstrable at a 1 : 16 dilution of the primary antiserum. PMID- 6807708 TI - The glycosaminoglycans in trypsin-damaged fibroblast cultures. PMID- 6807714 TI - Ergot alkaloids and phosphodiesterase; 'in vitro' activities in several rat brain areas. AB - The 'in vitro' activity of ergotamine, dihydroergocristine, dihydroergocornine and dihydroergocryptine on the phosphodiesterase system at low and high Km in several rat brain areas was examined. These drugs were found to exert an inhibitory effect in all the areas examined with regard to both systems, and particularly on low substrate concentration phosphodiesterases. PMID- 6807710 TI - Structural similarities between a membrane-like surface layer on the cell wall of some microbial cells and the lamellar layer of vesicles formed by short-chain phosphonic acids in water. A freeze-fracture study. AB - A thin layer on the cell wall of some microbial cells, among them such of medical importance (Aspergillus niger, Trichophyton sp.), is characterized by a mosaic like rodlet pattern in freeze-fracture electron microscopy. A very similar texture could be found in freeze-fractured bilayer vesicles of n-octan phosphonic acid in presence of 50% glycerol. The formation of this structure in phosphonic acid vesicles is connected with the transformation of the bilayer into the solid crystalline state by cooling. The texture could be suppressed by a higher cooling velocity. In absence of glycerol by the normal quick freezing procedure predominantly intermediate stages were fixed. For the interpretation of the structures revealed a model is proposed, where trigonal subunits stick together, because they are hydrophobic on the one side. These subunits are small crystals with a diameter of 4--7 nm. They are in principle also able to construct a bilayer arrangement directly by a "subassembly-selfassembly" mechanism of selforganization. The membrane-like layer on the cell wall of microbial cells may consist of a crystalline bilayer arrangement of similar substances. PMID- 6807713 TI - Effects of denervation and local 6-hydroxydopamine injection on testicular growth in rats. PMID- 6807711 TI - 3'-O-methyl-(+)-catechin glucuronide and 3'-O-methyl-(+)-catechin sulphate: new urinary metabolites of (+)-catechin in the rat and the marmoset. PMID- 6807712 TI - Potentiation of the biological activities of daunomycin and adriamycin by ascorbic acid and dimethylsulfoxide. AB - L-Ascorbic acid (0.57 mM) and dimethylsulfoxide (14.1 mM) were found to potentiate four times the antibacterial activities of daunomycin and adriamycin in the Staphylococcus aureus test. This effect, however, could not be demonstrated against eukaryotic cells and leukemia P 388 in mice. PMID- 6807716 TI - Liposomes as immunological carriers for the preparation of antimannosyl antibodies. AB - Antiserum was raised against an aminophenyl derivative of D-mannose grafted on to a liposomal surface. As characterized by immunodiffusion, quantitative precipitation and hapten inhibition, the antiserum was found to contain mannose specific antibodies in addition to antibodies against the aromatic phenyl group. PMID- 6807715 TI - Early skin responses of hibernating and nonhibernating ground squirrels to topical applications of DMBA. AB - Skin patches on hibernating and nonhibernating ground squirrels were treated with multiple topical applications of the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenza(a)anthracene. Nonhibernators showed blistering, peeling, drying, hair loss, increased vascularization and hyperpigmentation in proportion to DMBA concentration. The latter was apparently due to a) an increased number of dermal and epidermal melanocytes and b) the appearance of melanocytes with large coarse cytoplasmic granules. Notably, hibernators remained free of gross skin changes and were histologically similar to untreated controls. PMID- 6807717 TI - [Pharmacology of the neural regulation of cerebral circulation (clinico experimental study)]. PMID- 6807718 TI - Protein kinase activity in RNA-binding proteins of Amphibia oocytes. PMID- 6807719 TI - Immunological evidence for structural differences between Euglena Gracilis chloroplastic valyl- and leucyl-tRNA synthetases and their cytoplasmic counterparts. PMID- 6807720 TI - Antiestrogenic action of high-dose clomiphene in primates pituitary augmentation but with ovarian attenuation. AB - Since the dominant follicle is selected by days 5 to 7 of the menstrual cycle, we assessed the differential effects of high-dose clomiphene (25 mg daily) by giving 5-day courses either before (days 1 to 5), during (days 5 to 9), or after (days 9 to 13) emergence of the selected dominant follicle in monkeys. Peripheral sera were obtained daily and assayed for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P); serial laparoscopies were performed. Rather than enhancement of gonadotropin-dependent folliculogenesis during clomiphene treatment cycles, ovulation was delayed in 18 of 18 treatment cycles. Interestingly, the interval from treatment to next ovulation lengthened when clomiphene was given in the late follicular phase. Consistently, the clomiphene treatment cycles were characterized by a marked decline of the serum E2 during the 5 days of therapy, despite concurrent elevations of pituitary gonadotropins in circulation, especially FSH. These data suggest that a direct antiestrogenic effect of clomiphene imparted ovarian refractoriness to the prevailing, even enhanced, gonadotropin levels. The vulnerability of follicular maturation to these attenuating effects of clomiphene was greatest in the late follicular phase, well after the dominant follicle had been selected. Even after this clomiphene-induced ovarian hiatus and eventual resumption of new follicle growth, the initial apparent ovulation led to latent, severe corpus luteum insufficiency. PMID- 6807721 TI - Hormonal patterns in infertile women with a deficient postcoital test. AB - Twenty-two women in whom a routine infertility workup had shown no abnormality except for repeated deficient results in the postcoital test (PCT), the patterns of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and progesterone (P) were examined during the follicular and periovulatory phases of the menstrual cycle. Cervical mucus (CM) characteristics were also investigated during the pre- and periovulatory phases and scored using a CM score and a sperm penetration meter (SPM) score. The results were compared with those of a control group of seven women with proven fertility. No differences were found between the CM scores of both groups, whereas the SPM score was lower (P less than 0.1) in the infertile group. The preovulatory serum levels of E2 were lower (P less than 0.1) in the infertile group, while the serum levels of PRL (P less than 0.1) and FSH (P less than 0.1) were constantly higher in this group. The mean serum levels of LH and P were almost equal in the two groups. It is concluded that a deficient result in the PCT can be indicative of deviated hormonal patterns in an infertile woman even when the routine fertility investigation is suggestive of a normal ovulatory cycle. PMID- 6807722 TI - Treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadal male patients with the luteinizing hormone-relasing hormone (LH-RH) anolog D-Ser(TBU)6 EA10 LH-RH: transient disappearance of gonadotropin stimulation. AB - We have studied the effect of prolonged treatment with a long-acting luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog (D-Ser-(TBU)6 EA10 LH-RH in six patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency. Before treatment, all subjects responded to LH-RH (100 microgram intravenously [IV]); one responded immediately, and five after 5 daily infusions of LH-RH (200 microgram). Treatment by LH-RH analog (348 microgram every 2 days with a nasal spray for 90 or 120 days) is only efficient for 1 month; a consistent increase in serum LH and a slight increase in testosterone (T) were observed in all patients, but no increase of serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was detectable. Then a paradoxical effect appeared: LH and T levels returned to the basal values. Moreover, this treatment induced refractoriness of the pituitary to LH-RH for several months after the end of treatment. The appearance of antibodies to LH-RH and LH-RH analog was eliminated. A pituitary response was obtained in three patients when a new LH-RH stimulation was repeated 7 and 11 months after the end of treatment. The mechanism of this pituitary desensitization is discussed. PMID- 6807723 TI - [Response of the gastric and pancreatic secretory cells to the administration of neurotensin into the globus pallidus and caudate nucleus]. PMID- 6807724 TI - Limited enzymatic cleavage of pig immunoglobulin G and of specific antibodies. I. Different resistance of various antibody types to cleavage by pepsin. AB - Limited proteolysis by pepsin at pH 4.5 of non-specific pig IgG and of two types of pig anti-dinitrophenyl antibodies revealed striking differences in susceptibility to proteolytic cleavage. The digests were resolved on a column of Sephacryl S-200 and the elution profiles analysed using a computer programme. The individual fragments were characterized by immunoelectrophoresis, SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and molecular mass determination. Whereas the non-precipitating antibodies and the non-specific IgG yielded F(ab')2 and pFc' fragments in reasonable quantities, the precipitating antibody proved to be stable even at the 70th h of digestion. The precipitating antibody became susceptible to peptic cleavage only when the pH was lowered to 4.0. It was concluded that the precipitating antibody represents a subclass of pig IgG with an anomalous resistance to proteolysis at acidic pH and that this subclass constitutes only a few per cent, at most, IgG of the healthy, non-immunized animals. PMID- 6807725 TI - [The separation of neuropeptides by high performance liquid chromatography and its application to the analysis of peptides in the rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe (author's transl)]. AB - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of many neuropeptides. Chromatography was carried out using a Hitachi Model 638 high performance liquid chromatograph. Peptides and samples from tissue dissolved in an aqueous buffer were injected into a stainless-steel column (4 X 250mm) packed with Hitachi #3053 (octadecylsilane). The aqueous buffer consisted of NaH2PO4 and H3PO4. After a loading phase (0% organic solvent) of 1 min, the peptides were sequentially eluted at room temperature using a gradient of organic solvent (acetonitrile or methanol, 0-60%). The eluted polypeptides were detected by UV absorbance at 220nm, and then they were collected for subsequent bio and radioimmunoassay using a fraction collector. The gradient of methanol or acetonitrile in 0.02M NaH2PO4, 0.1% H2PO4 was useful for separating small molecular peptides. The gradient of acetonitrile in 0.05-0.1M NaH2PO4, 0.1% H2PO4 was useful for separating many neuropeptides including ACTH related peptides. Retention times of chromatographed polypeptides showed good reproducibility. Good reproducibility was also found in peak areas of these peptides. A linear relationship was observed between the doses of peptides and their peak areas. The extracts of rat pituitary neurointermediate lobe showed several peaks of UV absorbance on PHLC; some of them coincided with AVP, oxytocin, alph-MSH, CLIP and beta-endorphin but others were unidentified. AVP immunoreactivity showed one peak which coincided with the AVP peak of UV absorbance, but ACTH immunoreactivity showed 5-6 peaks. Thus, many polypeptides were well separated using HPLC by changing the eluting condition. The simplicity, speed, good reproducibility and good quality of the separations render this technique suitable for purification and quantitative analysis of neuropeptides, and the combination of HPLC, radioimmunoassay and bioassay gives very fine analysis of neuropeptides. PMID- 6807726 TI - Nature of resistance to leishmaniasis in experimental rodents. PMID- 6807727 TI - Phylogeny of immunoglobulin structure and function. XIV. Peptide map and amino acid composition studies of shark antibody light chains. AB - Light chains from antibodies to the streptococcal A-variant carbohydrate from individual nurse sharks were compared by peptide maps of tryptic digests and amino acid compositions. Although the amino acid compositions of the different chains were quite similar, considerable differences as well as similarities were demonstrable on peptide maps. The peptide maps were interpreted as indicating that shark L chains likely have constant and variable regions as seen in the immunoglobulins of higher animals. Furthermore the unique peptides characteristic of different L chains support the hypothesis that nurse sharks, as a species, possess a relatively large number of different L chain amino acid sequences which are compatible with antibody binding sites to the streptococcal antigen. Hence the repetoire of nurse shark antibody combining sites to this antigen appears to be quite extensive. PMID- 6807729 TI - Developmental lesions in the Agametic mutant of Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6807730 TI - Pattern abnormalities induced in Drosophila imaginal discs by an ultraviolet laser microbeam. PMID- 6807731 TI - The formation of the pupal cuticle by Drosophila imaginal discs in vitro. PMID- 6807728 TI - Cell surface glycosyltransferase activities during normal and mutant (T/T) mesenchyme migration. PMID- 6807732 TI - The roles of phenotype and position in guiding the fate of 16-cell mouse blastomeres. PMID- 6807733 TI - Atypical benign partial epilepsy of childhood. AB - Seven children with an unusual epileptic syndrome are reported. The main clinical features in each patient included onset between 2 1/2 and six years of age; the occurrence of several types of seizure, especially partial motor fits, atypical absences and myo-atonic seizures; and the persistence of normal neurological and mental function throughout the course. The EEG picture was characterized by a striking contrast between waking records, which usually displayed focal paroxysms, and sleep tracings which showed an almost continuous, diffuse, slow spike-wave activity. Although the electroclinical features suggested the diagnosis of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome or myoclonic epilepsy, the seizures remitted spontaneously in the five oldest patients and may well do so in the two youngest ones. The authors discuss the clinical and electroencephalographic features that permit these cases of atypical benign partial epilepsy to be distinguished from the more severe myo-atonic epileptic syndromes of childhood. PMID- 6807734 TI - Effect of ethanol on peptic activity in the rat stomach. AB - The action of ethanol on peptic activity in the stomach was evaluated by studying ethanol-induced changes in pepsinogen secretion in the rat in vivo and the effects of ethanol on pepsinogen and pepsin in vitro. Irrigation of the stomach with 3% ethanol in 100 mM HCl plus 50 mM NaCl had no effect on pepsinogen secretion, whereas 10 and 20% ethanol gave maximal increases of about 40 and 65%, respectively. 10% ethanol in 150 mM NaCl (pH 5.0) stimulated pepsinogen secretion maximally by about 60%. 10% ethanol in distilled water had no effect on spontaneous secretion of pepsinogen, but enhanced pepsinogen secretion induced by irrigation of the stomach with 100 mM HCl, 100 mM NaCl, 150 mM sucrose, or by an intravenous injection of carbachol. Ethanol inhibited the activation of pepsinogen to pepsin in vitro in a pH-dependent manner. The activity of pepsin was inhibited by ethanol with an IC50 value of about 10%. The results indicate that the effects of ethanol on pepsinogen secretion and the enzymes, pepsinogen and pepsin, are opposite in the rat. It is thus difficult to conclude what are the net effects of various concentrations of ethanol on the peptic activity of the gastric content, but at least higher concentrations can be expected to reduce this activity. PMID- 6807735 TI - Kinetics of fast haemoglobin in diabetic rats. AB - This study was designed to examine the appearance and disappearance kinetics of glycosylated haemoglobin during abrupt changes of blood glucose in the rat. The concentration of the fast haemoglobin component, which has similar chromatographic and electrophoretic profiles to human haemoglobin A1, was measured after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin and its cure by syngeneic intraportal islet transplantation. Fast haemoglobin was increased in 12 diabetic rats compared with 22 controls (15.8 +/- 0.8 versus 8.2 +/- 0.3%, mean +/- SEM). In a group with mild diabetes (n = 8, blood glucose less than 22 mmol/l), fast haemoglobin rose to 13.7 +/- 1.0% by week 8. In a group with severe diabetes (n = 4, blood glucose greater than 22 mmol/l), fast haemoglobin rose more quickly (in 3 weeks) to a higher level (18.2 +/- 3.3%) and changed little thereafter. This suggests a saturable system in which the rate of increase and final value depend upon the degree of hyperglycaemia. After islet transplantation, fast haemoglobin returned to normal in 4 weeks (n = 5, 17.6 +/- 1.4 to 9.4 +/- 0.9%). This delay is shorter than expected from the red cell lifespan (around 60 days), suggesting that haemoglobin glycosylation may be partly reversible. These results suggest that in unstable diabetes the interpretation of haemoglobin A1 levels is not as simple as was supposed previously. PMID- 6807737 TI - [Fatal hepatic failure and sodium valproate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807736 TI - [Colonic explosion during an endoscopic electrocoagulation after preparation with mannitol]. PMID- 6807738 TI - Cleaning and disinfection of fiberoptic endoscopes: evaluation of glutaraldehyde exposure time and forced-air drying. AB - Several alternative schedules of cleaning and disinfection of flexible fiberoptic endoscopes were evaluated during actual use in paired endoscopy suites. Thorough mechanical cleaning with detergent and alcohol was compared with the same cleaning with the addition of 5-, 10-, or 20-min immersion of the endoscope insertion tube in 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde solution. Endoscopes were cultured quantitatively and qualitatively for aerobic bacteria at three different times relative to procedures: after use, immediately after cleaning alone or cleaning plus disinfection, and after storage unused in a cabinet for 20-72 h. Cleaning plus glutaraldehyde immersion for 5 min significantly reduced bacterial contamination both immediately and after storage when compared with cleaning alone. Results of cleaning plus 10- and 20-min glutaraldehyde immersion were not statistically different from cleaning plus 5-min glutaraldehyde immersion. The addition of forced-air drying following disinfection significantly reduced bacterial contamination following storage when compared with storage without previous drying. Cleaning plus brief (5-20 min) glutaraldehyde immersion significantly reduced bacterial contamination of endoscopes when compared with cleaning alone (p less than 0.001) and, when combined with forced-air drying before storage, resulted in 59/63 (94%) negative endoscope cultures by the methods used in this study. These measures do not ensure sterility, but are superior to mechanical cleaning alone and sufficiently practical to be used routinely without undue interruption of busy endoscopy schedules. PMID- 6807740 TI - Selenium deficiency and fatal cardiomyopathy in a patient on home parenteral nutrition. AB - An adult patient with chronic idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction maintained on home parenteral nutrition for 6 consecutive years died from cardiomyopathy and ventricular fibrillation. Postmortem examination of the heart revealed widespread myocytolysis and replacement fibrosis similar to that seen in the selenium deficient cardiomyopathy in China (Keshan disease) and animal models. Selenium deficiency in this patient was documented with extremely low concentrations of selenium and decreased activity of the selenoprotein, glutathione peroxidase, in blood, heart, liver, and skeletal muscle. Reports of selenium deficient diets causing myocardial damage in humans and animals and the findings in our patient strongly suggest that his fatal cardiomyopathy was caused by selenium deficiency. PMID- 6807739 TI - Properties of lipoproteins in blood plasma and liver perfusates of rats with cholestasis. PMID- 6807743 TI - Lack of effect of the peptide pyro-Glu-His-Gly-OH on food consumption in mice and rats. AB - 1. Single subcutaneous injections (0.5-10 mg/kg) or repeated oral administration (5 mg/kg, twice daily for 3 or 5 days) of the proposed anorexigenic peptide pyro GLU-HIS-GLY-OH did not affect food intake in the mouse. 2. Single intravenous injections (0.05-1 mg/kg) or daily intravenous injections (0.3-10 mg/kg, for 5 days) of pyro-GLU-HIS-GLY-OH did not affect food intake in the rat. 3. These results, together with results obtained recently by other workers, indicate that pyro-GLU-HIS-GLY-OH does not have anorexigenic properties in rodents. PMID- 6807742 TI - Analysis of the effects of noradrenaline and tyramine in isolated middle cerebral and femoral arteries of cat. AB - 1. Tyramine and noradrenaline (NA) caused dose-dependent contractions in middle cerebral and femoral arteries of cat, which were decreased by phentolamine. 2. Gangliectomy increased the contraction evoked by NA in brain arteries. 3. Reserpine pretreatment and/or gangliectomy reduced the contraction caused by tyramine, the maximal responses being unmodified in the cerebral vessels. 4. Tyramine induced Ca2+-dependent tritium release from brain and femoral arteries, which was reduced by reserpine pretreatment and/or gangliectomy. 5. These data suggest that tyramine has a direct component, apart from an indirect one, in brain arteries. The mechanisms by which NA induces slight contraction in them, including the role of Ca2+, are postulated. PMID- 6807741 TI - [Thoughts on the 100th anniversary of the discovery of the tuberculosis agent by Robert Koch]. PMID- 6807744 TI - The Australian black swan (cygnus atratus): prolactin and gonadotrophin secretion during breeding including incubation. PMID- 6807745 TI - Gonadotropin specificity of acute testicular androgen secretion in birds. PMID- 6807746 TI - Actions of agonistic and antagonistic analogs of gonadotropin releasing hormone (Gn-RH) in the bullfrog Rana catesbeiana. PMID- 6807747 TI - Seasonal reproduction in the mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus. II. Testicular responsiveness to luteinizing hormone. PMID- 6807748 TI - Seasonal reproduction in the mongoose, Herpestes auropunctatus. III. Regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the male. PMID- 6807749 TI - Hormonal regulation of iodine accumulation in ovary and thyroid of Japanese quail. PMID- 6807750 TI - Measuring selection coefficients affecting the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - This paper describes a perturbation experiment on the frequency of the F and S Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) alleles of D. melanogaster. Fifty-four iso-female lines set up from three wild populations and with initial F frequencies of either 0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 were maintained on standard laboratory food medium at 22 degrees. At generations 4, 12 and 20 the lines were again scored for Adh gene frequencies. Maximum likelihood procedures were used to estimate selection coefficients for the Adh genotypes. An analysis of deviance was used to compare the coefficients against expectations under the hypotheses of neutrality and of constant values for the three base populations, and for the three initial gene frequency classes. Highly-significant departures from neutrality were observed; over all 54 lines, the set of relative fitnesses for S/S:F/S:F/F was estimated as 1.00:1.08:1.08. In addition, there were significant differences between lines in the outcome of selection which were not attributable to differences between base populations or initial F frequencies. These residual between-line differences, as well as some between-generation, within-line differences are discussed in terms of linkage disequilibria with background genes and electrophoretically cryptic variation at the Adh locus. PMID- 6807751 TI - Control of female reproduction in Drosophila: genetic dissection using gynandromorphs. AB - The sexual behavior of Drosophila melanogaster gynandromorphs was studied to analyze the relationship between different steps in the female reproductive pathway. It was assumed that, in some gynandromorphs, certain female functions are missing because the corresponding control sites (foci) are either composed of male tissue or did not develop. A given gynandromorph can show elements of both male and female reproductive pathways. None of the steps of the female reproductive pathway appeared to be dependent on any other, in contrast to male behavior where, for example, following of females is a prerequisite for attempted copulation. By correlating each of the behaviors with the genotype of the cuticle, we confirmed previous findings that the focus for the female sex appeal is located in the abdomen, but receptivity to copulation is controlled by a site in the head. Many of the gynandromorphs did not lay eggs, presumably because either the focus controlling egg transfer from the ovaries to the uterus or the one controlling egg deposition was composed of male tissue. Many of the nonovipositing gynandromorphs laid eggs while dying or could be induced to deposit eggs after implantation of hormone-producing glands or topical application of a juvenile hormone analog. Some of the noninseminated gynandromorphs laid eggs at the rate characteristic for inseminated females, suggesting that an oviposition focus (mapping in the head region) suppresses oviposition in virgin females, but not in gynandromorphs whose focus is composed of male tissue. Some of the inseminated gynandromorphs oviposited eggs at a low rate, possibly because the focus responsible for detection of insemination could not function properly. Some of the inseminated gynandromorphs laid unfertilized eggs, revealing the importance of the focus controlling sperm release from the seminal receptacle. Foci controlling egg transfer, egg deposition and sperm release are located in the thorax, according to mosaic fate mapping results and studies on the reproductive behavior of decapitated females. The location of egg deposition in the culture vial seems to be controlled by a brain site. Sexual behavior in Drosophila does not depend on the presence (or absence) of the ovary or germ line. PMID- 6807752 TI - [Eremothecium ashbyii mutants resistant to 8-azaguanine. III. Nucleotide pyrophosphorylase activity of mutants with a varying degree of 8-azaguanine resistance]. AB - Eremothecium ashbyii mutants resistant to low and high concentrations of 8 azaguanine (AZG), have been obtained. In low resistant mutants (10(-4) M AZG) isolated by one step selection, the activity of GMP- and AMP-pyrophosphorylases was decreased, as compared with the initial sensitive strain. The stepwise increase of the mutants resistance to AZG resulted in increasing of resistance to 8-azaadenine and decreasing of the activity of GMP-pyrophosphorylase, while this did not affect the level of AMP-pyrophosphorylase. Characteristics of the cross resistance of mutant to purine analogues and the level of nucleotide pyrophosphorylases activity were discussed in the light of their possible influence on riboflavin biosynthesis. PMID- 6807753 TI - [Interaction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmids and mu-like phages: the suppression of the early stages of cell infection by phage D3112 in the presence of plasmid RPL11]. AB - The growth of Mu-like, D3112, B39 and B3 bacteriophages of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on bacterial strains containing R plasmids was studied. Plasmids RPL11, Rms148 and Rms163 were shown to interfere with phage growth: 1) D3112 and B39 phages do not produce plaques on a lawn of PAO1 (Rms148) giving e.o.p. less than 10(-9); 2) RPL11 plasmid restricts phage D3112 growth (e.o.p. less than 10(-9), the growth of phage B3 being also restricted by this plasmid, though in considerably less extent; 3) phage B39 makes small and very turbid plaques on a lawn of PAO1 (Rms163) with e.o.p. 0,13, while c mutants form clear plaques on this lawn and grow with e.o.p. 1,0. The interference of plasmid RPL11 with phage D3112 growth was examined in detail. The plasmid did not affect phage D3112 adsorption and no restriction of phage DNA in R+ cells was found. However, phage genes controlling establishment of lysogeny and the lytic cycle were not expressed after infection. It was observed though, that if a cell contains both prophage D3112 and plasmid RPL11, no interference with repressor synthesis or phage development takes place after induction of prophage. The results obtained allow to conclude that: 1) RPL11 plasmid interference with phage D3112 growth is caused by the plasmid effect on one of the early stages in the development preceding phage DNA integration; 2) the process of primary integration after infection and that of reintegration of DNA after prophage induction are likely to differ. PMID- 6807754 TI - [Gene mutation induction by the antitumor preparation ftorafur]. AB - The influence of antitumor drug ftorafur (Ft) on the frequency of gene mutations to 8-azaguanine resistance was investigated. Asynchronous and synchronized cultures of SV40 transformed Djungarian hamster cells were used. The 2 to 3,5 fold increase in the frequency of gene mutations over the control level was observed after the Ft treatment. The most pronounced effect was obtained in the experiments with synchronized cultures, when exposed to Ft in the S-phase of the cell cycle. PMID- 6807756 TI - Human tear lysozyme. A comparison of electro-immunodiffusion, radial immunodiffusion and a spectrophotometric assay. AB - In 116 persons (67 men and 49 woman) the tear fluid of both eyes was collected using paper discs and once more after topical anaesthesia. After weighing the discs and eluting the tear fluid, the lysozyme content was measured using two immunological methods [radial immunodiffusion (RID) and rocket immuno electrophoresis (RIE)] and a spectrophotometric assay. Standard curves were established with purified human lysozyme and egg-white lysozyme. In addition, albumin was determined in all the samples by rocket immuno-electrophoresis. All lysozyme assays showed a high degree of correlation, the spectrophotometric technique giving significantly lower values (compared with RID and RIE) when human lysozyme was used for standardization. The lysozyme content of the tears did not correlate with the fluid uptake in the discs, but showed a significant decrease with age, which was abolished by topical anaesthesia. In contrast, albumin levels were dependent upon the weight and independent of the age of the patient. It is suggested that the determination of albumin as a "reference protein' might help in comparing the results of different tear sampling techniques used by various groups, which induce variable amounts of reflex tearing. PMID- 6807755 TI - Calcium metabolism in aged mice ingesting a lysine-deficient diet. PMID- 6807758 TI - Comment: a time to return to cases. PMID- 6807757 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa circulation in the environment of a surgical hospital and its carrier state among clinical personnel and patients]. PMID- 6807760 TI - New disinfecting apparatus for gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopes. AB - Bacterial contamination of gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopes is a potential source of clinically significant infection. Aqueous 2% alkaline glutaraldehyde adequately disinfects fibre-endoscopes but may cause serious sensitivity reactions among endoscopy staff. A new 'closed-system' disinfecting apparatus is described that disinfects with glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes before an endoscopy session, for two minutes between patient procedures, and for 10 minutes before storage. Bacteriological cultures of the endoscope after disinfection were virtually sterile. Extremely low glutaraldehyde vapour levels were detected by gas chromatography in endoscopy room air during disinfection procedures. This relatively simple apparatus offers rapid, effective, and safe disinfection of fibre-endoscopes. PMID- 6807759 TI - Effects of fundic vagotomy and cholinergic replacement on pentagastrin dose responsive gastric acid and pepsin secretion in man. AB - The effects of fundic vagotomy on acid and pepsin secretion in 12 patients (10 males, two females; nine duodenal ulcer, three gastric ulcer) were studied using a pentagastrin dose response before and after Vagotomy. In the intact stage H, Cl, and pepsin output all had the same ED50, 120-127 pmol/kg/h. Vagotomy reduced basal output of acid by 78%, Cl- by 50%, and pepsin by 62%. Postvagotomy basal outputs were not related to preoperative levels, while maximum acid output was reduced by an average of 35%, proportionally to the preoperative output (r = 0.94). Vagotomy uncompetitively (ED50 increase, Vmax decrease) inhibited the pentagastrin dose response of acid, chloride, and pepsin output. Postoperatively, a six-fold greater dose of pentagastrin (450 vs 76 pmol/kg/h) was required to stimulate acid to 50% of its preoperative maximum output. For pepsin secretion the increase was 12-fold (185 vs 15 pmol/kg/h). In five of the nine duodenal ulcer patients pentagastrin dose responses were repeated with a background infusion of urecholine, 20 micrograms/kg/h. Urecholine increased basal and peak acid, pepsin, and chloride outputs, and the ratio of basal: maximal almost to prevagotomy levels; it also restored the sensitivity to pentagastrin. Serum gastrin was not significantly changed by urecholine or by vagotomy. We conclude that the level of basal acid and pepsin secretion in ulcer patients, which is largely eliminated by vagotomy, is dependent on the vagus and not on serum gastrin. The effects of vagotomy are functional, are due to cholinergic withdrawal, and usually can be restored by cholinergic replacement. PMID- 6807762 TI - Correlation of birth weights with umbilical cord serum LH-hCG, FSH, beta-hCG, Estradiol, Cortisol and Testosterone levels. AB - Luteinizing hormone-human chorionic gonadotropin (LH-hCG), follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG), estradiol, cortisol and testosterone levels were determined in cord venous serum and the correlation of birth weights with those hormone levels was investigated in 32 male and 35 female fetuses. There were significant negative correlations between LH-hCG or FSH levels and birth weights in the male fetus. Also there was a significant positive correlation between LH-hCG levels and birth weights in the female fetus. This data suggests that there is a sex difference during the development of the pituitary-gonadal axis. PMID- 6807763 TI - Ferrokinetics and red cell iron uptake in old age: evidence for increased liver iron retention? PMID- 6807761 TI - Effective early postoperative nutrition by defined formula diet via needle catheter jejunostomy. PMID- 6807764 TI - A simple, serum-free system for the study of erythropoiesis in short-term suspension cultures. PMID- 6807765 TI - Histochemistry on glycol-methacrylate embedded human bone marrow biopsies. A new method and first evaluations. PMID- 6807766 TI - Expression of colony stimulating activity (CSA) and production of colony forming unit (s) (CFU-c) by acute myeloid leukaemia cells showing maturation in short term culture. PMID- 6807767 TI - Unusual biochemical pattern of serum adenosine deaminase activity in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. PMID- 6807768 TI - Inflammatory response in patients with malignant lymphomas. PMID- 6807769 TI - Primary extranodal malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (clinico-pathologic correlations in 41 cases). PMID- 6807770 TI - Remission-induction, consolidation and maintenance therapy by AVA protocol in acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6807772 TI - Non-tropical idiopathic splenomegaly. Report of a case. PMID- 6807771 TI - Qualitative platelet defects in three cases previously classified as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and treated with splenectomy. PMID- 6807773 TI - 5q--chromosome in a case of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia (ANLL): the marker of a polyphasic disease? PMID- 6807774 TI - Management of intractable metrorrhagia in an acute leukemic patient by means of therapeutic embolization of the hypogastric arteries. PMID- 6807775 TI - [Toxic effects of prophylaxis in meningeal leukemia: two cases of leukoencephalopathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6807776 TI - Pleuro-pericarditis as presenting manifestation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6807779 TI - PAS staining and immunoglobulin classes in myeloma. PMID- 6807777 TI - Erythrokinetics and mechanisms of anaemia in hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary ovalocytosis. PMID- 6807778 TI - Drug-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6807780 TI - Possible relationship between circulating anticoagulants and recurrent abortion. PMID- 6807781 TI - The non Newtonian properties of plasma. PMID- 6807783 TI - [Epileptic EEG discharges without clinical entity]. PMID- 6807782 TI - The results of prolonged treatment of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. AB - Ninety-seven patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia were observed in the period between 1965 and 1979. Corticosteroids were found to be more effective in the acute phase of haemolysis (68.6%) than in the prolonged treatment (35%). Favourable results with combined treatment (corticosteroids plus azathioprine or cyclophosphamide) were achieved in 60.5% of patients, while the therapeutic potency of corticosteroids alone was 18.6%. Splenectomy was effective in 81% of the patients. No correlation between postsplenectomy results and spleen to liver radioactivity ratio was observed. PMID- 6807784 TI - [High branched-chain amino acid formulations in hepatic encephalopathy]. PMID- 6807786 TI - [The role of enteral and parenteral feeding in cancer therapy]. AB - The role of nutrition support as an adjunct to cancer treatment is discussed. Many patients with advanced cancer have demonstrable nutritional deficits, the reason is still unclear. Anorexia, taste abnormalities, pain and obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract can lead to malnutrition. Different modes of therapy, like surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, sometimes deteriorate nutritional status. Several investigators have indicated, that nutritional support provides some benefit. There is no indication at the present time of any disadvantage of this method of treatment in relation to tumor growth. The potential indications and methods of nutritional support are pointed out. PMID- 6807785 TI - [A situational psychological look at epileptic seizures]. AB - Seven cases who developed paroxysm during adolescence and/or in a special situation were selected and subjected for studies of the existing pattern of the patients and also of the paroxysmal situation in relation to their individual life history. (1) "Schlafepilepsie" and psychomotor seizure were identified as being the pattern of epilepsy that developed exceedingly in a situational dependent fashion. (2) An intensive linkage between the patients and their parents was observed. (3) A forced separation from their parents allows to radicalize their conflicts. (4) Their existence is compounded further by the situation where their intrinsic order is compelled to change, and control of themselves becomes difficult to maintain. (5) This process permits the revelation of a latent process of epilepsy. PMID- 6807787 TI - [Hyperbilirubinemia in liver diseases]. AB - Jaundice is often the first and sometimes the only symptom of liver disease. Besides in parenchymal liver disease jaundice is also observed in chronic non haemolytic hyperbilirubinemias (Crigler-Najjar type I and II, Gilbert's syndrome) and in hereditary conjugated hyperbilirubinaemias (Dubin-Johnson- and Rotor syndrome). A specific therapy is only available for Crigler-Najjar type II which is treated with phenobarbitone. PMID- 6807788 TI - [Activity of new beta-lactam antibiotics]. AB - The antibacterial activity of the newer beta-lactam compounds mezlocillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, lamoxactam, and cefsulodin was evaluated in 335 strains of ampicillin-resistant (MIC greater than 16 mg/l) enterobacteria, 50 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28 acinetobacter species, and 50 streptococcus faecalis isolates. With the exception of some strains, enterobacteria were inhibited by low levels of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime, respectively. Between these both compounds there was an almost complete cross resistance. In each species lamoxactam inhibited at least 90% of the isolates. The antibacterial activity of cefoperazone against enterobacteria was decreased; however, it was active against pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited antibacterial activity comparable to that of azlocillin. Cefsulodin proved to be the most active drug against pseudomonas aeruginosa exceeding to some extent even piperacillin. Ceftizoxime was the most active drug against acinetobacter species. Among the new cephalosporins, it was only cefoperazone that exhibitediting antibacterial activity comparable to that of azlocillin. Cefsulodin proved to be the most active drug against pseudomonas aeruginosa exceeding to some extent even piperacillin. Ceftizoxime was the most active drug against acinetobacter species. Among the new cephalosporins, it was only cefoperazone that exhibitediting antibacterial activity comparable to that of azlocillin. Cefsulodin proved to be the most active drug against pseudomonas aeruginosa exceeding to some extent even piperacillin. Ceftizoxime was the most active drug against acinetobacter species. Among the new cephalosporins, it was only cefoperazone that exhibited some activity against streptococcus faecalis, which was comparable to that of cephalothin, but markedly impaired to that of cefazedone. With respect to streptococcus faecalis, the penicillin derivatives still remain the by far most active compounds. PMID- 6807790 TI - [Side-effects in chrysotherapy]. PMID- 6807791 TI - Studies on intrahepatic cholestatic: intrahepatic cholestasis induced in rats by the culture supernatant of activated lymphocytes. AB - When lymph node lymphocytes from sensitized guinea pigs were stimulated with a specific antigen in vitro, and their culture supernatants injected into the mesenteric vein of rats, a marked reduction of bile flow and bile secretion was seen. Gel filtration of this active principle revealed that the active material has a molecular size similar to that of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Histologically, dilated bile canaliculi with decreased microvilli were observed by electron microscopy in rat liver after injection of culture supernatant. No such change was observed in rats after injection of the supernatant of lymphocyte cultures prepared from non-sensitized guinea pigs. These results strongly suggest that the sensitized lymphocytes produce a factor (or factors) which causes intrahepatic cholestasis when stimulated with a specific antigen. PMID- 6807789 TI - [Long-term treatment and prevention of uric acid urolithiasis with allopurinol]. AB - 29 patients (20 male and 9 female, average age 55 years), suffering from uric acid-urolithiasis were treated with Zyloric-U over a period of 8 to 20 months. Two of them had side effects (cutaneous symptoms). In all other cases the stones were dissolved or diminuated. Chemical analysis demonstrated a significant reduction of serum uric acid as well as a decrease of calcium secretion in the urine. Yet the urine-pH of 5 remained unchanged. In some cases, if the patients excreted gravel and if the level of uric acid was not lowered sufficiently the dose was raised to twice 300 mg. A report of the follow-up of these patients shall be published later. PMID- 6807792 TI - Endotoxaemia in acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 6807793 TI - The pH of ascitic fluid in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Fifty-six patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites were studied. The ascitic fluid was analyzed for pH, PO2, PCO2 glucose, protein, specific gravity, amylase, lactic dehydrogenase, white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear count, and cytology. It was also cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Simultaneously, arterial blood was analyzed for pH, PO2, and PCO2. Venous blood was analyzed for complete blood count, protein, aspartate transaminase, and it was also cultured under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Six patients had spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), i.e., culture was positive for Escherichia coli in five and Streptococcus faecalis in one. The mean (+/- S.E.) ascitic fluid pH in the SBP group wa 7.25 +/- 0.06 with a range of 7.12 to 7.31, while the ascitic fluid pH in the group with sterile ascites was 7.47 +/- 0.07 with a range of 7.39 to 7.58. The pH of the blood in both groups was 7.47 +/- 0.03. The pH of the ascites in the SBP group was significantly different from the pH in the group with sterile ascites, p less than 0.001. It was also significantly different from the blood pH, p less than 0.001. Highly significant inverse correlations existed between the ascitic pH in the SBP group and the ascitic white blood cell count (r = 0.84, p less than 0.01) and between the ascite pH in the SBP group and the ascitic polymorphonuclear count (r = -0.87 ,p less than 0.01). The ascitic fluid pH is recommended as an easy, quick, sensitive, and specific means of diagnosing SBP and it overcomes the problem of the present SBP diagnostic methods of utilizing an absolute white blood cell count greater than 500 per mm3 or a polymorphonuclear count greater than 250 per mm3 in which false positive interpretations occur. PMID- 6807795 TI - Comparison of different methods expressing results of the aminopyrine breath test. AB - Different methods of expressing the results of the aminopyrine CO2 breath test (ABT) were compared to determine the method that would be most sensitive for evaluating liver function. The patient population included health controls (n = 22); patients with mild (4), moderate (9), and severe (7) alcoholic liver disease; and patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (7), chronic active hepatitis (18), chronic active hepatitis with bridging (18), and chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis (17). The ABT was performed with 2 micro Ci [14C]aminopyrine or 2 mg per kg [13C]aminopyrine, and the results were expressed as the instantaneous labeled CO2 excretion rates at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the dose, the maximum excretion rate, and the 120-min cumulative excretion. The 30-min parameter had the highest sensitivity toward moderate alcoholic hepatitis, severe alcoholic hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis with bridging, and chronic active hepatitis with cirrhosis (96%); however, when the ABT was repeated in six normal controls with 225 ml of orange juice, the 30-min rate was significantly reduced (7.8 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.6 +/- 1.2% dose per hr), and the rate of false positive test results was increased (0 of 6 vs. 2 of 6) indicating that gastric delay influenced the 30-min parameter. The 60-min excretion rate, maximum rate, and 120-min cumulative excretion were the next most sensitive expressions of the ABT, and were not altered by the small gastric load. Of these three expressions, the 60-min parameter was the most convenient because it required fewer samples and a shorter test period. PMID- 6807794 TI - Hepatitis A and non-A, non-B viral hepatitis in Sao Paulo, Brazil: epidemiological, clinical and laboratory comparisons in hospitalized patients. AB - During a 33-month period, 295 patients with acute viral hepatitis were admitted to a state hospital for civil servants and their dependents in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-nine per cent (232) were HBsAg negative. To define the contribution of non-A, non-B viral hepatitis to hepatitis morbidity in this population, further serological studies were performed in 147 confirmed HBsAg-negative patients. One hundred and twelve (76%) were serologically classified as hepatitis A based on identification of IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus. Thirty patients (20%) without IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus, HBsAg, or anti-HBc were categorized as the non-A, non-B hepatitis group. The remaining five patients had probable hepatitis B (IgM antibody to hepatitis A virus negative, HBsAg negative, anti-HBs negative but anti-HBc positive). These data suggest that all three etiological forms of viral hepatitis are endemic in Sao Paulo. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features were compared to the hepatitis A and non-A, non-B hepatitis groups. Patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis were significantly older than patients with hepatitis A (mean age +/- S.D.: 30 +/- 22 years vs. 9 +/- 9 years, p less than 0.001). Contact with hepatitis or jaundice was recognized in 26 (23%) of 112 hepatitis A patients and 3 (10%) of 30 non-A, non-B patients, a difference which was not statistically significant. Parenteral exposures were identified in 13 (43%) of 30 patients with non-A, non-B hepatitis and 23 (21%) of the 112 hepatitis A patients. Blood transfusion in the 2 months preceding onset of illness was reported in 5 (17%) of the 30 non-A, non-B patients and in none of the hepatitis A group (p less than 0.001). Although prodromal symptoms and fever were more common in patients with hepatitis A, neither these nor other clinical features appeared to be distinguishing characteristics. Similarly, mean peak SGPT levels, peak SGPT levels of greater than or equal to 1,000 IU/per liter, and the mean duration of SGPT elevations for each group were not significantly different. Mean peak serum bilirubin levels were slightly higher in the non-A, non-B group than in the hepatitis A group (7.6 +/- 8.0 mg per dl vs. 5.1 +/- 2.7, p less than 0.01) and peak bilirubin levels greater than or equal to 10 mg per dl were found in 27% of the non-A, non-B group and 5% of the hepatitis A group (p less than 0.001). Whether the higher bilirubin levels reflect an agent-related phenomenon or an older population of affected patients is uncertain. PMID- 6807796 TI - The aminopyrine demethylation breath test and the serum bile acid level: nominated but not yet elected to join the common liver tests. PMID- 6807797 TI - Papaverine degradation with papaverine mutants of a Nocardia sp. AB - Nocardia mutants, capable of utilizing papaverine as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, were induced with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and mitomycin C. The isolated mutants were divided in four groups, depending on the accumulated papaverine metabolites: 4 = 2-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethanol; 5 = 3,4 dimethoxyphenylacetic acid; 6 = 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenylacetic acid; 10 = 3 (3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-hydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-1-indenone; 11 = 4-(3,4 dimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dimethoxyisocoumarin. The degrading pathway of metabolites 5 and 6 was investigated. Studies of the cell wall and membrane fraction of the mutants and wild-type show two inducible, particle-bound proteins with the molecular mass of 29 000 and 60 000 Da involved in papaverine degradation. PMID- 6807799 TI - Evaluating the effective use of laboratory services. PMID- 6807798 TI - Intramural gas cysts in a case of diverticular disease of the jejunum. PMID- 6807800 TI - Long-term care advice: learn from experience. PMID- 6807802 TI - Controversies in cardiology. PMID- 6807803 TI - Chronic renal failure: metabolic and clinical consequences. PMID- 6807801 TI - Biomolecular evidence on human origins from the standpoint of Darwinian theory. PMID- 6807804 TI - Survival by selection in respiratory failure. PMID- 6807805 TI - Abnormal liver function after a trip to Mexico. PMID- 6807806 TI - A young man with visual defect and galactorrhea. PMID- 6807807 TI - Host factors in rheumatic fever and heart disease. PMID- 6807808 TI - Nutritional requirements in the elderly. PMID- 6807809 TI - CRP and ESR. PMID- 6807810 TI - RV infarction: a diagnostic dispute. PMID- 6807811 TI - Task force backs value of annual mammography. PMID- 6807812 TI - Aspirin may pose Reye's risk in children with flu, varicella. PMID- 6807813 TI - The case of the cricopharyngeal achalasia. PMID- 6807816 TI - Age and fertility. PMID- 6807817 TI - Obesity as addiction. PMID- 6807814 TI - Hyperthyroxinemia in an acute psychotic episode. PMID- 6807815 TI - Antibiotic management of anaerobic infections. PMID- 6807818 TI - Trees and forests. PMID- 6807820 TI - LV function held key CAD prognosticator. PMID- 6807819 TI - Foucault and the bag lady. PMID- 6807821 TI - Spirochete isolated in tick vectors of Lyme disease. PMID- 6807823 TI - New developments in human rabies prevention. PMID- 6807822 TI - Abdominal pain, nausea in a chronic alcoholic. PMID- 6807825 TI - Cell surfaces and cancer metastasis. PMID- 6807824 TI - Lethargy, anxiety, and impotence in a diabetic. PMID- 6807826 TI - Management strategies in respiratory failure. PMID- 6807827 TI - Distribution of human adult lactose phenotypes in Egypt. AB - Lactose absorption was studied in 570 health adolescent and adult males in Egypt. Employing a field version of the noninvasive hydrogen breath test, 156 (27.4%) lactose absorbers and 414 (72.6%) lactose malabsorbers were identified. The age specific prevalence of the lactose phenotypes indicated that lactase repression is complete at the age of 14 years in Egyptians. The regional distribution showed significant differences between the Nile Delta and the northern and southern part of Upper Egypt. The existence of a north-south gradient of decreasing frequencies of the hypolactasia gene from the Nile Delta to the Sudan is suggested. PMID- 6807828 TI - [Increasing anaplasia of an extramedullary plasmacytoma with loss of detectable paraproteinemia (author's transl)]. AB - An epipharyngeal solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma with subsequent dedifferentiation is described. Immunohistochemically the plasmacytoma cells of the first biopsy were positive for lambda and gamma, immunoelectrophoretically only lambda was demonstrable. Three months later an anaplastic tumor reappeared whose cells were also immunohistochemically positive for lambda and gamma. However, paraproteins were no longer demonstrable in serum and urine. The observed changes were interpreted as a result of anaplasia. Furthermore, our case shows that the diagnosis of multiple myeloma is not always possible by means of immunoelectrophoresis. The most important implication of our case is the fact that a follow-up of serum or urine concentrations of paraproteins may not reflect the course of a given plasmacytoma. PMID- 6807829 TI - Heterogeneity of cells and factors participating in the concanavalin A-dependent activation of T lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential. PMID- 6807835 TI - Erythrocyte membrane phosphatidylcholine and Rh (D) antigen cryolatency. AB - The extent of binding of anti-D antibody to intact RH (D) positive human erythrocytes at -2.5 degrees was approximately one-third that at 3- degrees. An Arrhenius plot of the temperature dependence of antibody binding showed a clear and reproducible discontinuity at approximately 6-8 degrees. Phospholipase A2 digestion of the intact erythrocytes resulted in a diminution of exclusively phosphatidylcholine (PC) from the membrane, and an approximately parallel loss of Rh antigen activity at 37 degrees to about 50% of the original. An Arrhenius plot showed no change in the temperature dependence below 6-8 degrees but significant diminution above that point suggesting that the outer membrane PC is involved in Rh (D) antigen activity manifested above that temperature. PMID- 6807833 TI - Phagocytosis-stimulated macrophages. Production of prostaglandins and SRS-A, and prostaglandin effects on macrophage activation. AB - Quiescent mouse peritoneal macrophages which phagocytose, and which respond to phagocytosis with a sudden elevation in hexose monophosphate shunt activity, immediately release into the medium oxygen metabolites, arachidonic acid oxygenation products, and lysosomal hydrolases. Such cells subsequently differentiate and acquire the properties of inflammatory macrophages. The latter process appears to be under the control of prostaglandin E2 and possibly other cyclooxygenase products which are formed as a consequence of phagocytosis and seem to act as feed-back inhibitors. PMID- 6807830 TI - Phagocyte recognition by lectin receptors. AB - A "lectin-like" receptor for bacterial cell wall sugars, originally described in the membrane of mouse peritoneal macrophages, which facilitates binding of various bacteria to the macrophage surface, has now been shown to be present on most phagocytes from a variety of species. The role of such a receptor in the inflammatory response has been investigated by examining changes in its expression in response to chemoattractants. The chemoattractants, whilst enhancing or not altering expression of C3 and Fc receptors, respectively, appeared to decrease lectin receptor expression. The possibility of a relationship between I-region gene products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and the bacterial binding lectin receptor was investigated. It was found that various conventional and monoclonal antibodies directed against I region determinants inhibited binding of bacteria to mouse peritoneal macrophages. These findings suggest the need to examine the possibility that, in addition to phagocytosis and elimination of bacteria, the lectin receptor may also be involved in antigen presentation and macrophage-T-lymphocyte cooperative events leading to an immune response. PMID- 6807832 TI - T lymphocyte-macrophage interactions in cellular antibacterial immunity. AB - Acquired resistance to facultative intracellular bacteria depends on a bicellular mechanism whereby specific T lymphocytes activate macrophages for enhanced bacteriocidal capacity. In vivo, protection is paralleled by delayed-type hypersensitivity. In vitro correlates are specific T lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin induction. Macrophage activation results from complex cell interactions involving both T lymphocytes and macrophages. Although such interactions are not yet fully understood, it appears likely that interleukin facilitated collaboration between Lyt 1 and Lyt 123 T lymphocytes is required. Most probably, H2-restricted interactions between antigen-presenting mononuclear phagocytes and Lyt 1 T lymphocytes induce secretion of interleukins which further recruit additional Lyt 1 T lymphocytes from the Lyt 123 T lymphocyte set. In this way, the pool of Lyt 1 T lymphocytes capable of attracting and activating macrophages at the site of bacterial and implantation via lymphokines (macrophage activating factor, migration inhibition factor) could be markedly enhanced. PMID- 6807836 TI - Polyclonal response of human lymphocytes to bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans and teichoic acids. AB - It has been found earlier that many bacteria are polyclonal activators of human lymphocytes. This phenomenon was further analysed by preparing cell walls, peptidoglycans and teichoic acids from Staphylococcus aureus Wood 46 and Bacillus subtilis and studying their capacity to stimulate human adult and newborn lymphocytes to proliferate and to produce leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF). All these bacterial surface components acted as polyclonal activators. In our opinion these findings further strengthen the view that in infections there are a variety of bacterial products capable of inducing a polyclonal response of the host. PMID- 6807834 TI - In vitro induction of intracellular killing of parasitic protozoa by macrophages. AB - Macrophages play an important role in the defence of the host against infection by certain parasitic protozoa. Aspects of the interaction in vitro between macrophages and Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii, and Leishmania spp. are reviewed. These three types of parasites are internalized by phagocytosis; the relationship established between the parasites and intracellular organelles vary, however. Whereas T. cruzi appears to escape from the phagocytic vacuole, T. gondii inhibits phagosome-lysosome fusion, and Leishmania proliferates within the phagolysosomal environment. Macrophages can be activated in vitro, by incubation with lymphokine-rich media, to kill these parasites. Destruction of these microorganisms requires that an adequate supply of oxygen metabolites be produced. Variations in the levels of endogenous scavengers of such metabolites in both macrophages and parasites may explain differences in the susceptibility of parasites to killing by activated macrophages. PMID- 6807831 TI - Membrane stimulation and intracellular killing by monocytes. AB - The present paper reviews our recent studies concerning the intracellular killing of bacteria by human monocytes and compares the results with those found for circulating granulocytes. The findings show that optimal intracellular killing of catalase-positive and catalase-negative bacteria is only reached during interaction of the Fc part of IgG and complement component C3b with their specific receptors in the membrane of the phagocytes. Similar stimulation was found during interaction of plant lectins and their specific sugar moieties in the cell membrane. The studies permit the general conclusion that optimal intracellular killing of micro-organisms requires membrane stimulation, which occurs after triggering of certain receptors. PMID- 6807838 TI - IgE isotype suppression in anti-epsilon-treated mice. AB - Two groups of CBA/J mice received a total of eight intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of heavy-chain-specific rabbit anti-IgE or rabbit gammaglobulin within 48 hr of birth through day 38. A third group of animals was untreated. All mice were subsequently immunized with four i.p. injections of castor allergen plus aluminum hydroxide. Results indicate that anti-treatments severely suppressed murine serum IgE levels as compared with control mice. In addition anti-epsilon treated mice were initially unable to produce detectable reaginic antibody upon immunization with castor bean allergens (CA). Upon further CA immunization, these animals did produce an IgE antibody response, but this was still lower than that detected in control immunized mice. Other immunoglobulin levels in the anti epsilon-treated mice were not suppressed as compared with those in the control mice. These results suggest that neonatally administered anti-epsilon antisera selectively diminished total IgE levels as well as antigen-induced IgE antibodies in mice. PMID- 6807840 TI - Differences in putative minor histocompatibility but not IgH genes can prevent T cell priming and T--B co-operation in the response of mice to sheep erythrocytes. AB - A positive association has been observed in Igh allotype "congenic' mice between skin graft rejection and a block to effective T--B co-operation in the development of both IgM and IgG responses to sheep erythrocytes. Mismatch of Igh alone is insufficient for such a block to become apparent since pairs of Igh allotype congenic strains of mice which reciprocally accept skin grafts for at least 5 weeks, show successful positive co-operation (help) between T and B cells. The observed block is manifest both during the education (priming) of T cells in irradiated (first stage) recipients and during co-operation between primed T cells and unprimed B cells in second stage irradiated "syngeneic' recipients. PMID- 6807839 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity to syngeneic testicular cells induced by intratesticular bacterial infection in guinea-pigs. AB - Guinea-pigs were inoculated into the testis with viable Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus and elicitation of skin reactions was carried out with 5 x 10(6) syngeneic testicular cells 1 week later. Delayed-in-onset erythematous skin reactions against testicular cells were detected only when guinea-pigs were inoculated into the testis with L. monocytogenes. However, erythematous skin reactions were not detected when guinea pigs were inoculated with E. coli, P. aeruginosa or S. aureus. Histological examination showed many infiltrating basophils in the erythematous skin reaction sites, and erythema was not accompanied by induration. Accordingly, the type of delayed skin reaction elicited with testicular cells 1 week after the inoculation of L. monocytogenes was considered as Jones-Mote type. These reactions were specific for testicular cells since the erythema or infiltrating basophils could not be detected after elicitation with sheep blood cells. Histological examination showed many infiltrating basophils at the skin reaction sites when guinea-pigs were inoculated with E. coli or P. aeruginosa. Dissociation between erythematous skin reactions and basophil infiltration was observed. Erythematous skin reactions were not detected when guinea-pigs with L. monocytogenes intravenously or subcutaneously. PMID- 6807837 TI - Reversible binding of a guinea-pig lymphokine to gelatin and fibrinogen: possible relationship of macrophage agglutination factor and fibronectin. AB - Macrophage agglutination factor (MAggF) is a T-cell-dependent guinea-pig lymphokine with pH stability, heat stability and isoelectric point similar to fibronectin (see preceeding paper for details). Further observations confirm the similarity between MAggF and fibronectin. MAggF in unconcentrated lymph node cell culture supernatants bound reversibly to gelatin and fibrinogen. On gel filtration chromatography, most MAggF activity in a pooled concentrated lymphokine preparation was associated with molecules of 370,000 Daltons; lesser amounts of activity were found at 240,000 and 50,000 Daltons. All molecular weight forms of MAggF bound reversibly to gelatin. Guinea-pig plasma fibronectin prepared by affinity chromatography over gelatin had a molecular weight of about 450,000, a sub-unit on reduction of about 240,000 Daltons, and showed partial antigenic identity with human plasma fibronectin. Human and guinea-pig fibronectin preparations showed MAggF activity when tested using guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages, but their potencies relative to a culture supernatant standard did not correlate with the content of immunoprecipitable fibronectin measured by anti-human fibronectin antiserum. However, anti-human fibronectin immunoadsorbents specifically and reversibly bound MAggF activity in culture supernatants. On the basis of our observations, we suggest MAggF is a guinea-pig tissue fibronectin. PMID- 6807841 TI - Expression of kappa chain allotypes at the cell surface and in serum immunoglobulins of normal and allotype-suppressed heterozygous rabbits. AB - The kappa light chain allotypes b4 and b5 were measured in the serum and on the surfaces of peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal and allotype-suppressed heterozygous rabbits. Surface immunoglobulins (sIg) were detected by fluorescence microscopy and additional quantitative data were obtained by flow microfluorometry. Although a few b5-suppressed animals had no b5 in serum or on cell surfaces for years, most b5-suppressed and all b4-suppressed animals studied had some cells with sIg of the suppressed type by 1 year of age. In suppressed animals the level of serum Ig remained depressed throughout life but cells with sIg appeared in disproportionately large numbers. The effect was particularly striking in those animals suppressed for the b4 type. PMID- 6807842 TI - Purification and properties of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies isolated from patients with chronic Chagas' disease. AB - Three purified human IgG antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi (anti-F, anti-Mc and anti-Cs) showed different reactivities in vitro. While all of them agglutinated specifically sensitized sheep red cells the complement-fixing capacity of anti-Fc and anti-Cs was higher than that of anti-Mc antibody. This one also showed a minimal precipitating activity. When the ability to neutralize mice bloodstream trypomastigotes was analyzed, the results obtained indicated that anti-F antibody was the most effective. PMID- 6807843 TI - Serial measurement of circulating immune complexes in healthy subjects. AB - Circulating immune complex (CIC) levels were serially studied in healthy subjects and in normal rats. In human 3 methods (Clq solubility, complement consumption, and granulocyte phagocytosis tests) were used for the measurement of CIC; in rats, CIC levels were determined by the modified complement consumption test. A marked fluctuation in the CIC level was observed both in healthy human subjects and in normal rats. No correlation between results of the 3 assays used for CIC detection was found indicating that not only the level but the composition of CIC changes continuously in health. PMID- 6807844 TI - Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Hybrid cells producing monoclonal antibodies against antigens of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were obtained by the polyethylene glycol-mediated fusion of mouse myeloma cells and lymphocytes from mice immunized with gonococcal protein I or outer membrane proteins. From four fusions, 16 phenotypically stable, independently cloned hybrid cell lines were selected for continued study. Each of the cell lines produced a characteristically different monoclonal antibody which reacted in immunoprecipitation assays with a unique antigenic determinant on protein I of the outer membrane complex of the bacteria. In antibody binding, immunofluorescence, and coagglutination assays these antibodies each reacted with a restricted group of N. gonorrhoeae strains. None of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with 17 other different species of Neisseria or with Branhamella catarrhalis. When tested on 34 N. gonorrhoeae reference serotyping strains, the monoclonal antibodies demonstrated serological relationships between the strains which paralleled those observed with conventional polyvalent antisera. These antibodies now provide standardized reagents for the rapid and precise serological characterization of many strains of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6807845 TI - Phenoloxidase activity and virulence in isogenic strains of Cryptococcus neoformans. AB - A naturally occurring Mel- variant of Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the wild type. The effect of phenoloxidase activity on virulence was analyzed on genetically constructed Mel+ and Mel- isolates. The traits Mel+ and virulence in mice, as measured by cumulative mortality and replication potential in brain tissue, cosegregated among the progeny of a Mel+ X Mel- cross. Revertants (MelR) isolated during the course of the cumulative mortality experiment were used to compare virulence in isogenic sets of Mel- and MelR. In two separate sets of such isolates, Mel+ phenotype and virulence coreverted. Measurement of substrate uptake and phenoloxidase activity showed that loss of detectable phenoloxidase was the basis for the Mel- phenotype and that enzyme activity reappeared in the MelR isolates. An intermediate phenotype, Melbg, was also described. Cosegregation and coreversion of the melanin phenotype and virulence suggest that phenoloxidase is a virulence factor in C. neoformans. PMID- 6807847 TI - Bacterial adherence to urothelium following bladder irrigation in the rat. AB - We investigated the effects of bladder irrigation with various irrigation fluids at various temperatures and irrigation pressures on the adherence of 3H-labeled Escherichia coli O6 to bladder urothelium in a rat model. Sixty-four control and 108 experimental animals were studied. The latter were divided into five groups according to type of irrigation fluid (glycine 1.5%, sorbitol 2.7%, mannitol 0.54%, and H2O), fluid temperature, and intravesical pressure during irrigation. Only rats undergoing high pressure (60 cm H2O) bladder irrigation demonstrated significant increases in bacterial adherence compared to controls. No differences were found with the different irrigation fluids. This study suggests that high intravesical pressure during transurethral surgery might enhance bacterial adherence to urothelium and thereby increase the risk of manifest infection in the postoperative course. PMID- 6807846 TI - Contribution of toxin A and elastase to virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in chronic lung infections of rats. AB - A chronic pulmonary infection model in rats was employed to assess the role of individual Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproducts in disease due to this organism. Groups of rats were inoculated transtracheally with agar beads in which were embedded approximately 10(4) colony-forming units of P. aerugijnosa PAO and the PAO derivatives PR1, T1, E64, and a mixture of T1 and E64 in equal numbers (10(4)). Eight animals from each group were sacrificed at 3, 9, and 30 days after challenge, and their lungs were examined for histopathological changes, bacterial numbers, and the presence of P. aeruginosa exoproducts. The Tox- mutant T1 and the PR1 mutant, which produces enzymatically inactive toxin A, were both found to be less virulent in the rat lung model than was the toxigenic parental strain PAO. Pathological changes seen in animals infected with these mutants were restricted to intra- and peribronchial inflammation, whereas the toxigenic parental strain caused parenchymal changes, including a dense mononuclear-cell infiltration in the alveolar spaces in addition to intra- and peribronchial inflammation. Additionally, mutant E64, which produces a temperature-sensitive elastase, was also found to be less virulent in the rat lung model than was the parental strain. These data demonstrate that both active toxin A and elastase are required for maximum virulence of P. aeruginosa in this model. PMID- 6807848 TI - Impact of different betalactam antibiotics on the normal human flora, and colonization of the oral cavity, throat and colon. AB - Phenoxymethylpenicillin was given orally in doses of 800 mg twice daily for seven days to six patients, and bacampicillin was given in doses of 400 mg three times per day for seven days to another six patients. Saliva, throat and faecal specimens were taken for cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Only small changes in the normal saliva and throat flora were observed, and no changes in the faecal flora were noticed during the observation period. Cefoxitin was administered parenterally in doses of 2 g at 6 h intervals for 12 h to six other patients. Pronounced changes in the colon flora occurred. Of the aerobic bacteria, enterobacteria decreased and cefoxitin-resistant enterococci increased in number; of the anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative rods decreased in number. At the end of the administration period, all cefoxitin-resistant strains decreased, and suppressed enterobacteria and bacteroides increased in number. PMID- 6807851 TI - Lasers in urological cancer surgery. PMID- 6807850 TI - Lasers in dermatology provide a model for exploring new applications in surgical oncology. PMID- 6807849 TI - The role of a serum DNA-binding protein (64DP) in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms. AB - A DNA-binding protein with a molecular weight of 64,000 (64DP) has been found in elevated concentrations in the serum of patients with malignant diseases. 64DP has been found to be different from any previously described tumor markers, such as AFP, CEA, and C3DP. The results obtained with column SDS - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are as follows. 64DP is normally present in the serum at the concentration of 48 +/- 26 micrograms/ml (n = 49). The mean value of 64DP in 96 patients with untreated malignant disease was 167 +/- 67 micrograms/ml, whereas in 41 patients with nonneoplastic disease it was 61 +/- 23 micrograms/ml. No organ or tissue specificity seems to be required for malignant neoplasms to result in elevated serum 64DP concentrations. The clinical stage of the disease does no have much effect on the levels of 64DP and, even with histologically proven early lesions, the patients showed elevated levels of serum 64DP. Following successful surgical resection, 64DP tends to fall toward the normal value. Purification of 64DP was performed and its physicochemical properties have been defined. 64DP is a glycoprotein present in the alpha1-globulin fraction and it is rich in leucine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid in its amino acid composition. More recently, using purified 64DP preparation, a single radial immunodiffusion assay system has been developed. According to the results of this method, the diagnostic accuracy of 64DP appears to be somewhat low and even marginal for certain types of commonly encountered surgical malignancies. Studies concerning the discrepancy between the results obtained by the two assay methods are now in progress. PMID- 6807852 TI - Indications for laser surgery in gynecologic oncology. PMID- 6807853 TI - The CO2 laser in neurosurgery. PMID- 6807854 TI - Long-term effect of verapamil in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - We studied the long-term effects of oral verapamil (240-720 mg) daily on 10 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Symptomatic improvement of chest pain or shortness of breath occurred in all the patients although 4 deteriorated after 1 year. Side effects occurred in 3 patients. The electrocardiogram improved in 4 subjects. Quantitative echocardiography showed a significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in left ventricular contractility (% delta S decreased from 44 +/- 9 to 38 +/- 9, mean +/- SD), septal hypertrophy (1.6 +/- 0.5 to 1.4 +/- 0.5 cm) and % thickening of the left ventricular free wall (79 +/- 29 to 57 +/- 22). There was also moderate evidence of improvement in left ventricular compliance; mitral valve EF slope increased from 38 to 55 mm/sec and left atrial diameter decreased. PMID- 6807855 TI - Pharmacologic modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in man. A minireview with emphasis on radioimmunological methods used to quantitate drug effects. PMID- 6807856 TI - Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis in the rose spot of paratyphoid fever. PMID- 6807858 TI - Herpes simplex. PMID- 6807857 TI - Ossifying basal cell epithelioma. PMID- 6807860 TI - Transactions from the Seventh International Conference on Oral Surgery, 23-26 June 1980, Dublin, Ireland. PMID- 6807864 TI - The development of third molar impaction and its prevention. PMID- 6807861 TI - The clinical presentation and pathology of the dry socket syndrome. PMID- 6807862 TI - The surface cell structure of oral carcinoma: a scanning electron microscope study of 32 cases. AB - Biopsies of 32 cases of oral carcinoma were studied by histology and by scanning electron microscopy. The surface morphology of the lining epithelium and of individual cells was often bizarre and showed varying differentiation; polymorphism was characteristic in both cell forms and sizes. These observations indicate that SEM may be helpful for the early diagnosis of changes in the oral mucosa. Findings were compared to the surface cell ultrastructure of oral benign and precancerous lesions. PMID- 6807863 TI - Fibrinolytic activity of blood and saliva before and after oral surgery. AB - Blood and saliva samples were collected from 120 healthy persons whose bilateral mandibular impacted molars were to be removed surgically. The samples were collected at preoperative examination, immediately after the operation and in the postoperative period. The fibrinolytic activity of the euglobulin fractions, precipitated at pH 5.9 from plasma and mixed saliva, was measured by the fibrin plate method. The clinical variables were: age, sex, use of peroral contraceptives and menstrual cycle, daily tobacco consumption, duration of operation and amount of local anesthetic. The fibrinolytic activity of blood was lower in smokers than in nonsmokers (P less than 0.01). Women taking oral contraceptives showed higher fibrinolytic activity in blood and saliva (P less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the following independent variables were significant as predictors estimating the postoperative fibrinolytic activity of blood (R2 = 0.42, P less than 0.001): preoperative fibrinolytic activity, operation time, tobacco consumption and amount of local anesthesia. No relationship was demonstrated between the preoperative fibrinolytic activity in blood and mixed saliva, whereas postoperative fibrinolytic activity in blood significantly influenced the activity in saliva, because of direct contamination from the oral ulcer (P less than 0.05). Patients who developed alveolitis sicca dolorosa ("dry socket") showed significantly higher fibrinolytic activity in the blood postoperatively (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6807859 TI - Hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction in obese males. AB - Previous studies have indicated dysfunction of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis in obesity. We have studied 12 obese males to further characterize the extent of this dysfunction. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal-gonadal axis is normal as determined by the testicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), the pituitary response to 200 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular response to clomiphene. Although L-dopa suppresses prolactin normally, the ability of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) to stimulate the release of prolactin and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) is blunted. These latter responses are inversely related to the degree of obesity. The response to chlorpromazine, a hypothalamic stimulus for prolactin secretion, is also blunted, and to a greater extent than the prolactin response to TRH. These data indicate that exogenous obesity in males is associated with more extensive hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction than previously realized. The abnormalities with regard to prolactin and TSH release become progressively worse when body weight exceeds 200 percent of ideal. In addition, when evaluating pituitary function with regard to gonadotropin release, obese males may have an abnormal response to 100 micrograms GnRH but respond normally to 200 micrograms. PMID- 6807866 TI - The spontaneous disappearance of a large unilocular mandibular cyst. AB - On reviewing some of the extensive literature concerning odontogenic cyst formation, it is apparent that the pathological process or processes involved are far from clearly understood. Even the histological appearance of clinically and radiologically similar lesions has proved to be very variable. It may be that in cyst histiogenesis a combination of the factors discussed are acting either in concert or alone at different stages of cyst development. If spontaneous marsupialization was not responsible for the disappearance of the cyst reported here, then could an autoimmune response have been implicated? Toller raised the issue of whether cyst epithelium proliferating in an alien environment might in some cases provoke an immune response. Oehlers described the spontaneous disappearance of a number of small apical cysts without surgical interference in a carefully conducted study over a number of years. PMID- 6807865 TI - Naso-palatine duct cyst. AB - If present, symptoms of naso-palatine duct cyst are swelling, mainly in the anterior part of the palate, sometimes associated with pain. The cyst can easily be seen on X-ray, especially on the occlusal view. Differential diagnostic problems are mainly limited to a dentigerous cyst of a mesiodens and to periapical lesions of the central incisors. Histologically, various types and combinations of epithelial lining can be found. In the cyst wall the identification of mucous glands, nerves and large blood vessels is rather frequent. Although the histology in itself is not always very typical for a naso palatine duct cyst, the diagnosis can almost always be made with confidence on the basis of the clinical, radiographic and microscopic features. Only if very specific or pertinent clinical features are present, is removal indicated. PMID- 6807867 TI - Clinical and radiographic findings in maxillary sinus with oro-antral fistula. AB - The purpose of the present study was to estimate: (1) the diagnostic value fo the primary clinical and radiographic examinations as to the condition in the antral mucosa in cases of an oroantral fistula; and (2) the value of a radiographic follow-up of cases with uneventful, successful surgical closure of the fistula. The material consisted of 52 patients with an oro-antral fistula. The condition of the antral mucosa was examined before and during the surgical operation. Postero-anterior and lateral radiographs of the paranasal sinuses, orthopantomograms and intraoral dental films were taken of each patient and also in 10 cases of uneventful, successful closure after 1 year. This analysis shows that: (1) the primary clinical diagnosis of the condition in the antral mucosa corresponds to the real diagnosis; (2) false negative radiographs are rare; (3) false positive radiographs will occur in 22% - 63% of cases without maxillary sinusitis; and (4) radiographic follow-up of uneventful, successful cases can be omitted. In conclusion, the primary clinical examination is most reliable and superior to radiographs in proof/disproof of maxillary sinusitis, pre- and postoperatively. PMID- 6807868 TI - Recent advances in jet injection. PMID- 6807870 TI - The healing of autologous spongiosa and heterologous materials in the periodontal bone pocket. An animal experimental study. AB - In animal experiments with fully-grown beagle dogs we followed the healing of autologous spongiosa, collagen and binding gelatine by the use of polychrome sequential labelling. We found that when autologous spongiosa is transplanted into the periodontal intrabony pocket, the new material is fully remodelled after 6 weeks. When collagen is implanted, there is also a large amount of bone formed during this time. There was very little new bone formation after 6 weeks when binding gelatine was implanted. PMID- 6807869 TI - Remodelling processes following transplantation of dental germs in dogs. AB - Dental germs with different amounts of root development were transplanted from the left side to the right side, and vice versa, in young beagle dogs. The unerupted premolars had been taken out by osteotomy. After transplantation, the dental germs were covered with mucosa. The observation period lasted 7 postoperative weeks. Histological examination of the remodelling processes of the bone and tooth-tissue was carried out by polychromatic sequential labelling. All the transplanted dental germs remained vital, and the eruption continued to the normal occlusion level. From this, it follows that eruption of teeth does not depend on root development alone. In some cases, root length growth stopped immediately as a result of transplantation. Either a stumpy apex was formed, or resorption took place. In other cases root growth continued. There was a bend in the root at the point of transplantation, and the subsequently formed root section was shorter and thinner than in normal teeth. PMID- 6807871 TI - The oral surgeon and holistic health. PMID- 6807872 TI - Primary malignant melanoma of the oral cavity. Case report and establishment of melanoma cell line. AB - Malignant melanomas rarely grow in the oral mucosa and few established melanoma cell lines originate from the gingiva. Our patient was a 59-year-old man with a dark mass at the upper incisive gingiva and a large lymphadenopathy in the submandibular region. The gingival biopsy showed malignant melanoma. Because of the marked metastases, he received both chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Although regression and discoloration of the tumors were seen, he died of respiratory failure 9 months after admission. At autopsy, metastatic amelanotic and melanotic melanomas were found in various organs. Cells were obtained for tissue culture from pleural fluids of the patient. Eagle's MEM or RPMI1640 with 20% f.c.s. was used for the culture medium, and cells were found to attach to the bottom of the culture tube and to show no contact inhibition. Electron microscopy of primary cultured cells showed premelanosomes in the cytoplasm. The cells were transplantated into nude mice for studies of tumorgenesis and for serial transplantation of the tumor. A progressive tumor appeared. At present (June 19, 1980), 110 passages have been made and the cells are growing well. They were named HMG. PMID- 6807873 TI - The aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis: the stimulation of collagen synthesis by extracts of areca nut. AB - Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic disabling disease developing in up to 0.5% of the estimated 500 million habitual chewers of the "betel" quid. The quid, or chew, usually comprises a leaf of the Piper betel vine in which is wrapped fragments of the nut of Areca catechu, together with slaked lime and varied additives, including tobacco. The precise aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remains obscure, but epidemiological and animal studies have pointed to a close association with the prolonged usage of A. catechu nuts. Epithelial atypia and epidermoid carcinoma have been reported in 15% and 7%, respectively, of patients with established OSF. Preparations from varieties of A. catechu nuts have been tested for their ability to stimulate collagen synthesis in microwell cultures of human fibroblasts, using a pulse of 3H-proline and subsequent analysis of the cultures for radioactive collagen. Crude extracts of three varieties of areca nuts were extracted with ethanol and lyophilised before dilution in the culture medium. Control media contained identical concentrations of ethanol where appropriate. The three extracts at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml stimulated collagen synthesis by approximately 150%, suggesting that this effect might be involved in the aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis. PMID- 6807874 TI - Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with subtotal extirpation surgery in the management of radionecrosis of the mandible. AB - Radiation-induced obliterative endarteritis causes ischemia and hypoxia in tissue wounds, making them prone to dehiscence, infection and delayed healing. The successful use of hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunct to intensive antibiotic and surgical therapy in the treatment of radionecrosis of the mandible is well established. This report details our experience in four cases of radionecrosis of the mandible of long duration, prior to acceptance of the patients into our hyperbaric oxygen protocol. PMID- 6807875 TI - Psychogenic facial pain. PMID- 6807876 TI - Facial pain - toothache or tumour? AB - Three cases are presented which illustrate the diagnostic problem of vague facial pain. One patient complained of toothache and was finally proved to have an intraventricular meningioma. The second had been diagnosed as trigeminal neuralgia but was finally found to have a meningioma. The third presented with facial pain, underwent 2 weeks of intensive neurological investigations and the pain was finally related to pulpitis in an upper molar. These three cases serve to stimulate a discussion on the problems of diagnosis of facial pain and the role of computerised axial tomography in this field. PMID- 6807878 TI - Comparison of serum erythromycin concentration following administration of 100 mg erythromycin ethyl succinate intramuscularly and 500 mg erythromycin stearate orally. AB - Serum erythromycin concentrations were estimated following administration of 100 mg erythromycin ethyl succinate intramuscularly and 500 mg erythromycin stearate orally. The subjects (30 healthy students) were randomly divided into two groups and each subject received a single dose of the alternate form of the drug after a 4-week interval. Blood samples were obtained at 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 h after administration by separate venepuncture. All 30 subjects recorded serum levels above 0.2 microgram/ml following administration of the intramuscular form of the drug. Following administration of the oral form of the drug, five subjects failed to record serum levels above 0.2 microgram/ml by the 2-h sampling time and three failed to do so by the 4th hour. It is concluded from the results that, despite the high serum levels recorded with the oral form when taken with food, the intramuscular route gives a greater assurance of consistent absorption into the blood stream. This result suggests that the use of the oral form of the drug as a prophylactic antibiotic in patients receiving dental treatment remains in doubt. PMID- 6807879 TI - Blood components for oral surgery. AB - World-wide blood demands are increasing at 18% per year. Around 50% of collected blood is used whole -- for surgery, accident victims, anaemias, malignancies, and haemoglobinopathies. Blood component therapy is placing extraordinary demands upon Blood Collection Services. This therapy uses multiple or single cell types, and a variety of plasma-derived components. Malignant over-growth depresses marrow function; and, active treatment, temporarily, similarly depresses cell production. Specific transfusion cells are available for the patient's protective mechanism. Platelets are required, fairly fresh, for depletion and for their primary clotting ability. Similarly, infused platelets are used to counter local or systemic drug sensitive platelet depression. From plasma components, specific coagulation products are available for health and during surgery for haemophilia, Christmas, and Von Willebrand's diseases. Prior to oral surgery, all possible coagulation abnormality problems need investigation and specific factors. Anti coagulation therapy must be reduced or stopped as indicated by the need for therapy and the availability of the appropriate, previously depressed, Vitamin K dependent-clotting factors (II, VII, IX, X). Local measures, formerly the only treatment, are now of less importance. Some countries do not have these blood factors available. PMID- 6807877 TI - Wound closure with a fibrin tissue adhesive. AB - In an animal experiment performed on 25 rabbits, normal suture of dermal incisions was compared with wound closure by means of a new adhesive system. This system consisted of a fibrinogen cryoprecipitate and a thrombin solution, which were mixed. After 2, 4, 6, 9, 14 and 21 days, macroscopical and histological studies were performed. The bonded wounds showed less scar formation. In the clinical cases, the new method was used for the closure of incisions at the lateral and inferior orbital rim after osteosynthesis of Le Fort II and III midface fractures. Bonding was combined with a subcutaneous suture to avoid stress and yield good adaptation of deeper wound layers. Improved functional and esthetic results were demonstrated. PMID- 6807880 TI - Circadian variations of potency of placebos on pain threshold in healthy teeth. PMID- 6807881 TI - One-stage resection and repair in mandibular carcinomas. AB - This paper deals with a one-stage cosmetically modified operative procedure for resection and simultaneous reconstruction of oral malignancies restricted to the lower 1/3 of the face, in a group of patients falling into stratification staging 2-6, with a moderately well-differentiated squamous cell histological picture. Primary osseous defects have been restored in autogenous full thickness iliac crest bone graft which is split and slid, not only to gain adequate length but also to prepare matching steps for complete osseous compression. It is easy to contour and gives an excellent cosmetic result. Bioacceptable stainless steel implants have also been tried in earlier cases. This one-stage approach supersedes the previously complicated procedures of delayed multi-stage reconstruction and had an 80% success rate in the selected groups with a 4-year follow-up. PMID- 6807883 TI - Investigation and management of orbital trauma. AB - Clinical examination and conventional radiography of the orbit following recent orbital trauma often gives an incomplete picture of the damage present. In many infra-orbital blowout injuries, damage to the medial orbital wall occurs with prolapse and sometimes incarceration of orbital contents into both the maxillary and ethmoidal air sinuses. Late enophthalmos is thought to be caused by both atrophy of orbital fat and its loss into the paranasal sinuses. Hypocycloidal tomography in an antero-posterior plane is helpful in the recognition of those defects, but it does not distinguish between the presence of blood clot and soft tissue. Computerised axial tomography (C.A.T.) and ultrasonography are currently available investigative techniques which do distinguish between the presence of air, blood clot, soft tissue and bone and, in addition, there is a significant reduction in radiation dosage when compared with tomography. A comparison of these techniques and the clinical findings is described. These investigations should indicate the necessity for surgical intervention and prevent some of the late complications, such as enophthalmos. PMID- 6807884 TI - The management of fractures of the zygoma. AB - A series of cases of zygomatic fractures was studied to see if a change to a more extensive surgical intervention was justified. The surgical anatomy of the cheekbone complex was studied and certain protective features which determine the pattern of fracture were noted; treatment which takes account of these facts was suggested. Some observations are made on diplopia and enophthalmos and a plea is made for caution in accepting the concept of the "blowout" fracture. PMID- 6807882 TI - Facts and fallacies of orbital floor injuries. AB - Some established facts of the incidence, morbidity and significance of fractures of the orbital floor are presented. From a consideration of 819 explored orbits, some misconceptions and fallacies concerning the nature and management of these injuries are discussed. The traditional description and aetiology of "Blowout" fractures are examined and the relative frequency of damage to fat and muscle discussed. The value and safety of some diagnostic techniques are questioned--in particular the "forced duction" test. Misconceptions about the choice and management of implant materials are described. The fear of unacceptable facial scars or damaged optical function deters some operators from active treatment. It is suggested that undesirable sequelae are more likely after traditional blind elevation of facial fractures, or when surgery has been avoided, than after careful exploration and repair. PMID- 6807885 TI - An unusual complication following facial trauma. PMID- 6807887 TI - A pattern of facial fractures in Greece. AB - Four hundred and thirty-two patients with fractures of the facial skeleton, treated in our Department, were studied in relation to the cause, site and the connection of such injuries to fractures of the skull and other sites of the skeleton (limbs, etc.). The conclusions were: (a) The incidence was higher in men than in women, with ratio 3.6:1; (b) Most patients were in the 3rd decade of life, followed by those in the 4th and 2nd; (c) The leading cause encountered was traffic accidents (66%), other accidents at home and work, interpersonal violence and sporting injuries. Of the traffic accident victims, 55% were car drivers or passengers and 37.4% were involved in motorcycle and bicycle accidents, and only a rather small percentage were pedestrians; (d) Of our patients 13% had fractures in other sites of the skeleton, and 7% skull fractures. The percentage of multi injured patients in our material was in accordance with the findings in other countries. We found that each of these patients had three to four fractures in his body. However, the low number of patients with skull fractures associated with facial fractures was attributed to a high mortality rate in cases of skull and neck injuries at the time of the accident, and following admission, which were not included in this study. PMID- 6807886 TI - Some "sporting" injuries. PMID- 6807888 TI - Bullet wounds of the mandible in civil practice. PMID- 6807890 TI - Classification of facial malformations. AB - The Hamburg classification of craniofacial anomalies is introduced; it was first published by Pfeifer in 1967 and has been used in our hospital ever since. This morphogenetic classification is based on embryological data and divides the head into three major regions. Subclassification in the individual regions is done according to anatomical details. This system of classification has proved to be simple and useful. It can cope with every malformation and combination of anomalies. It meets all our needs for documentation and data processing. Last, but not least, it is a good aid for teaching students and young residents in embryology and in the understanding of malformations and syndromes. PMID- 6807889 TI - Dental fragments in the lips. AB - Fifteen successively presenting cases of dental fragments in the lips were analyzed as to cause, site of injury and relationship to groups of anterior teeth. In each case a lip laceration extended from mucosa to skin. This finding supported the hypothesis that a tooth, having transfixed the affected lip, fractured on emergence from the skin surface on contact with a hard object. Skin wounds were often repaired in general hospitals without detecting the foreign body and prior to seeking a dental opinion. PMID- 6807891 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the oral cavity in children: report of five cases with ultrastructural study. AB - Five cases of oral rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood are reported. Four of these children, who were all aged between 3 and 14 years, were girls. In all patients, combined therapy was undertaken which included tumour resection, radiation and chemotherapy. Problems in treatment and prognosis are discussed, and the clinical, histomorphological and ultrastructural findings are described. PMID- 6807892 TI - Computer graphics in facial morphology analysis. AB - Stereophotogrammetry is an attractive technique for mapping changes in facial form and contour following surgery. The need for trained personnel, however, has prevented the technique from gaining wide use. We report the development of a stereophotogrammetric system in combination with an inter-graphics computer system which overcomes this and other limitations. An interactive computer graphics system is used to record, present and manipulate the three-dimensional data obtained from a digitized stereophotogrammetric picture. The system also permits measurement of morphological changes following surgery as well as volume changes and has the potential for use in indicating the order in which multistage procedures should be undertaken and the time delay before such surgeries. PMID- 6807894 TI - Surgical correction of severe maxillary protrusion. PMID- 6807893 TI - Stability following mandibular advancement using rigid internal fixation. PMID- 6807895 TI - The post-condylar cartilage graft in the treatment of retrognathia - an assessment of stability and function. AB - Post-condylar cartilage grafts have been used to advance the mandible in 15 patients who have been followed up for periods varying from 5 to 37 months. Operative morbidity is minimal, but early displacement of the cartilage block occurred in two patients. Temporomandibular function appears unaffected, with condylar remodelling only demonstrated in two cases. Significant skeletal relapse has not been identified, but post-operative changes in incisor position usually occur and may prejudice the clinical result. Careful supervision is required to ensure orthodontic stability. PMID- 6807896 TI - A pilot study on the effect of alteration of the suprahyoid muscles on the growth of the marmoset monkey. AB - A pilot study was undertaken to determine the effect, if any, of alteration of the suprahyoid muscles on mandibular growth in the marmoset. It was postulated that releasing the attachment of the digastric and geniohyoid muscles at their junction with the mandible might produce a growth change in the rotation pattern of mandibular growth. Similarly, shortening these muscles might produce a different but significant growth change. Ten animals were used, five of which were controls. Two animals had their suprahyoid muscles sectioned, and three others had their suprahyoid muscles shortened by plication. The animals were examined with cephalometric radiographs at the commencement of the experiment and at specific intervals thereafter until they reached maturity (approximately 1 1/2 years of age). The results indicate that releasing the digastrics and the suprahyoids at the mandible causes no significant change in the length of the mandible. Shortening of the suprahyoids through plication, however, appears to result in a notable change in the mandible and possibly the face. This study suggests that further research in this area may be fruitful in producing a primate model with a' retruded genial area or a tongue protrusion by plication or otherwise shortening the suprahyoid muscles. PMID- 6807898 TI - Surgery in active acromegaly with prognathism and a lateral open bite. AB - The case of a 33-year-old Caucasian with acromegaly is presented. The maxillo facial deformity with the rare combination of unilateral open bite is demonstrated. The patient underwent surgical treatment of the pituitary gland three times. In the last operative procedure the sella was found to be empty, but despite this the growth hormone level appeared to be too high. Nevertheless, it was decided to correct the mandibular deformity. Risks during and after mandibular osteotomy are discussed, and the results are shown. PMID- 6807897 TI - The articulatory characteristics of the tongue in anterior openbite: observation by use of dynamic palatography. AB - The tongue movements during the production of Japanese speech sounds in five patients with anterior openbite associated with 1-5 mm of overjet were investigated using dynamic palatography and cinematography. The dynamic palatograph is an electric device capable of recording constantly changing palatolingual contact as a function of time by use of a thin plastic artificial palate equipped with 63 electrodes. As a result, the following articulatory characteristics were observed during the utterance of the Japanese sounds /s/,/f/,/t/,/d/,/n/,/r/,/ts/,/tf/,/dz/,/d3/. (1) The area of maximal palatolingual contacts was smaller than the normal. (2) Forward positioning of the tongue was confirmed in all cases. (3) The interruption of the breath stream was made with the dorsal surface of the tongue and the maxillary anterior teeth. (4) The sounds /s/,/f/,/dz/,/d3/, were recognized as distorted sound as /theta/, in English. PMID- 6807899 TI - Tooth eruption in the bone-grafted maxillary cleft alveolus. AB - The alveolar defect remaining after the repair of cleft lip and palate presents an aesthetic problem in the maxillary dental arch. Often the lateral incisor is missing or deformed. There are several prosthetic solutions to the problem. However, here a method is presented, of bone grafting and then orthodontically positioning the erupting maxillary canine into the defect, in selected cases. PMID- 6807900 TI - Long-standing bilateral dislocation of the mandible in the elderly. AB - The aetiology of long-term bilateral dislocation of the mandibular condyle in the elderly patient is discussed. Two of the author's cases are used to illustrate the different ways in which the above condition may arise. The treatment of the above cases is discussed, one form of treatment being a modification by the author of a technique described by Archer & Gould, in which Gunning's splints fitted with a fulcrum were wired into the edentulous jaws. The dislocated mandible was then subjected to elastic traction. A second case of 5 year's duration had bilateral condylectomies performed, using a different surgical approach on each side in order to try and find a technique which would afford better access to the condyle when it is in the temporal fossa than the more usual pre-auricular approach. PMID- 6807901 TI - Investigations on recurrent condyle dislocation in patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction: a therapeutical concept. AB - In the last 2 years, 30 patients with recurrent condyle dislocation were examined and treated with two different two-phase procedures according to their main clinical symptoms. The success of both procedures, firstly, pericapsular injection of homogenous blood and, if necessary, elimination of occlusal disharmonies, and secondly, functional treatment with occlusal adjustment, in some cases followed by injection therapy, is outlined. Some suspected etiological factors are investigated. In 14 out of 19 patients in Group I injections were successful, three cases improved, and therapy failed in two patients during a follow-up of up to 18 months. Four out of eleven patients treated in Group II with occlusal adjustment first had total relief of symptoms, three improved, and four showed no significant improvement during a mean follow-up of 5 months. Our beneficial results in Group I justify the procedure described here as a valuable alternative to more aggressive approaches and should be the initial modality of choice in this condition. PMID- 6807902 TI - The conservative treatment of ameloblastoma, using diathermy or cryosurgery. A 29 year review. AB - At present, both the treatment, and the results of treatment, for ameloblastoma are variable, with high recurrence rates being reported. Since 1951, seven cases of extensive mandibular tumours have been treated by local excision, combined with diathermy and/or cryosurgery. After long-term follow-up there is no evidence of recurrence. In this review some cases have involved more radical treatment, viz. maxillectomy and radiotherapy, but it is now proposed that the majority of cases of mandibular ameloblastoma can be treated conservatively. Cryosurgery is advocated as an adjunct in the operative treatment of ameloblastoma, and its use is supported by recent research and clinical publications, although the time-span for review of these cases is, at yet, limited. PMID- 6807907 TI - A bizarre manifestation of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the facial bones. AB - A 35-year-old white female is presented for case review. According to H. M. Worth, the classification polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, leontiasis ossea type, would be appropriate. Bone lesions are present in the skull, all facial bones, ribs, pelvic girdle and extremities. The patient's oral/maxillofacial appearance is characterized by massive bony protuberances, hypertelorism and malocclusion, resulting in a grossly distorted leonine mask-like facies. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels are high and, in spite of five facial operations, the patient's disease process continues. PMID- 6807903 TI - Mandibular growth following ankylosis operation in childhood. AB - To clarify the effects of operation for temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis in early childhood on mandibular growth, cephalometric x-ray films of two congenital cases in children who were operated at 2 years old were obtained longitudinally for 9 years. Comparison with those operated at 12 years old, and normal children at the same age, gave the following results: (1) Mandibular retrognathia is slighter than in cases operated later; (2) The mandibles showed a rate of growth nearly the same as that of normal mandibles postoperatively; (3) Forward-downward craniofacial growth was recognized in the cases of early operation; and (4) In the unilateral case, the deviation of the median line of the mandible to the affected side became slighter postoperatively. At present, functional restoration is satisfactory in early-operated cases. In conclusion, it is suggested that restoration of function of the TM joint by early operation is more effective for mandibular growth. PMID- 6807905 TI - The calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor: a case report. AB - A case report of a rather rare neoplasm, the calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, is added to the literature. An aggressiveness not normally associated with this tumor is described. The treatment, involving the segmental resection of the left mandible and immediate reconstruction, is reported. A complication with the infective organism Enterobacter cloacae and the subsequent necessity to regraft the area is noted. Long-term inter-maxillary fixation resulted in adequate occlusion and only slight deviation in the final successful result. A 4-year 4 month follow-up is presented. PMID- 6807906 TI - Ascending ramus for reconstruction of the mandible. AB - We have developed a technique for an immediate bone graft utilizing the anterior part of the ascending ramus for repair of bone defects resulting from resection. We applied this operative procedure to a case of an extensive ossifying fibroma of the mandible. As a result, the postoperative x-ray examination showed a well restored shape of the mandible, and the postoperative function was excellent. PMID- 6807908 TI - Surgical and pathological considerations in cherubism. AB - Although cherubism was recognized over half a century ago, there are few reports in the literature describing the overall management of this puzzling and challenging condition. The early onset of this disease and its continued growth result in therapeutic dilemmas with respect to pathological potential, deformity, dysfunction, and possible facial and emotional scarring. This report describes a staged approach to a major case, utilizing the advantages of current advances such as surgical technology, transoral approach, pantomography, and radioscintography. Foremost consideration is given to the histopathology of this and related fibro-osseous diseases. It is concluded that a curettement recontouring procedure is the surgical modality of choice. PMID- 6807904 TI - Bone fixation with screws and plates in the maxillo-facial region. AB - The treatment of fractures and osteotomies of the mandible and the midface show very different problems. The mandible must be treated in a stable and the midface in a static way. Due to the different bio-mechanics and topography of these bony structures, the advantages and disadvantages of treating a fracture in the maxillo-facial-region by the means of osteosynthesis will be discussed. PMID- 6807910 TI - Local and systemic factors in residual alveolar ridge atrophy. PMID- 6807909 TI - Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. Report of two cases with ultrastructural study. PMID- 6807911 TI - The clinical significance of age changes in the vascular supply to the mandible. AB - The inferior dental artery suffers from a marked collagenosis of its wall some 15 years before arterial disease usually appears in the remainder of the carotid arterial tree. It is suggested that this is due to abnormal stress factors being exerted within the wall and as a result, from middle age onwards, the blood supply to the mandible is mainly from the subperiosteal plexus of vessels. The clinical significance of this is discussed in relation to surgery, the treatment of fractures and radiotherapy to the jaws. PMID- 6807912 TI - Long-term results of vestibulo-plasty of the mandible. AB - This is a preliminary report on the long-term results of vestibulo- and mouth floor-plasty. From 1968 until the present time, more than 200 patients with mandibular atrophy have been treated. All patients underwent vestibulo- and mouth floor-plasty with skin-grafting. The purposes of this investigation, which was done in the Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery in co-operation with the Prosthodontic Department, were: (a) to determine the rate of resorption of the mandible after vestibulo-plasty; (b) to determine the histological behaviour of the skin-grafts; and (c) to investigate the number of mental nerve disturbances and achieve an impression of the overall result of this surgical procedure. PMID- 6807913 TI - Long-term results with the visor-osteotomy. AB - In 1975, a method of operation was described whereby the alveolar ridge of the mandible is osteotomied and moved on the visor principle. The two parts are fixed together with wires, thereby increasing the absolute height of the mandibular alveolar ridge. The visor-osteotomy, in conjunction with vestibuloplasty and lowering of the floor of the mouth, significantly improves the denture-bearing area, without the need for, and risk incurred by free-bone transplantation. The post-operative results after 5 years were recorded in ten patients. There was 18% resorption of the augmented alveolar ridge over the first year; in the second year it was 10% and in the third year 8% (0.6 mm); in the 4th and 5th years it was 3% (0.2 mm). The same amount of mandibular resorption occurs following a simple, total vestibuloplasty. Four years after a visor mandibular ridge augmentation, the mandible shows physiological resorption. PMID- 6807914 TI - Al2O3-ceramic as material for dental implants: experimental and clinical study for the development of screw- and extension-implants. AB - A screw implant and a blade-vent implant were developed for the alloplastic substitution of teeth. Forty implants were observed for 18 months in five beagles; these implants were under maximal functional mastication. No implant was lost. The screw implant showed a tight attachment of bone over the whole implant surface. With the blade-vent implant we observed a partial interposition of connective tissue. This difference seems to depend on the different insertion techniques. Photoelastic studies showed a good stress distribution through enlarged and rounded off attachment surfaces. The described insertion techniques allowed a primary tight attachment of the implant surface and bone support, which led to an immediate stability of position. In the screw implant the physiologic mobility of teeth was imitated by means of a resilient element. Data from 30 cases were gained in a clinical 3-year follow-up. One case failed. For conclusive judgement, a longer period of time and more clinical cases are necessary, but existing data are encouraging. PMID- 6807915 TI - The value of profileometry in complete immediate denture service. A preliminary report. AB - Twelve patients requiring total extractions and provision of immediate complete dentures were randomly selected for analysis. Pre-extraction records including full face and lateral profile photographs were taken under standard distance and lighting conditions. Maxillary and mandibular intraoral views were also exposed. Lateral cephalograms were taken pre-operatively, in both occlusal tooth contact position and the resting jaw relationship. Pre-extraction facial measurements were recorded and included occlusal face height and resting face height as well as the value, in degrees of the columellaphiltral angle, determined with the dentofacial profileometer. Teeth were removed under endotracheal general anaesthesia in hospital, and dentures constructed from pre-extraction records were fitted and adjusted before termination of the anaesthetic. Post-extraction surveillance was conducted in all cases and measurements, cephalograms, and photographs such as were previously taken, were repeated postoperatively for assessment and comparison. Statistical analysis confirmed our clinical and profileometric measurements. The advantage of profileometric pre-extraction records, prefabricated appliances and precision surgery in an immediate complete denture service is established. PMID- 6807916 TI - Oral submucous fibrosis. AB - Oral submucous fibrosis is defined and its importance with respect to debilitation and precancerous potential evaluated. Current theories of aetiology are discussed and its pathogenesis and clinical presentation described. Management of the disease is discussed and the conclusion is drawn that modern surgical techniques, currently offer the best prognosis. PMID- 6807917 TI - Anaerobic bacteria in dentoalveolar infections. AB - The bacteriology of 57 dentoalveolar infections was studied using optimal techniques to collect, transport and process specimens. There was an average of 4 bacterial species per specimen, and only 1/3 of the specimens held aerobes. Among the aerobic bacteria, streptococci dominated and among the anaerobes the Gram negative rods, Bacteroides ruminicola and Fusobacterium nucleatum, were most frequently isolated followed by Gram-positive cocci, in particular Streptococcus intermedius. All aerobic isolates were resistant to penicillins but sensitive to clindamycin and tinidazole. The other anaerobic isolates were sensitive to penicillins but showed varying susceptibility to erythromycin and doxycycline. Tinidazole was effective against all anaerobic Gram-negative rods. The presence of volatile fatty acids in pus from dentoalveolar infections was found to be of presumptive value for the diagnosis of anaerobic infections. Direct gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of pus is recommended as a routine procedure for preliminary diagnosis of anaerobic dentoalveolar infections. PMID- 6807918 TI - Changes of lateral soft tissue profile after surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. AB - The lateral soft tissue profile was recorded in 10 patients with slight to moderate degrees of mandibular prognathism, preoperatively, and 6 weeks after subcondylar sliding osteotomy had been performed. The recording method was mechanical. Only small and insignificant profile changes were found in the submandibular and occlusal plane regions as well as in the ramus region. The only significant change of profile was found in the mandibular body region, probably as a result of firm connection between soft tissue and underlying distally moved bone. The lack of significant profile change in the osteotomy region was in accordance with subjective observations and was probably due to local remodelling and adaptation processes. The facial width was thus found to be unaltered 6 weeks postoperatively. PMID- 6807919 TI - The association between perioral injury and mucoceles. AB - Because the origin of perioral mucous extravasation cysts (mucoceles) has been associated with injury to the glandular apparatus in the lips and cheeks it was decided to compare two groups of subjects, the one group having a known history of violent and antisocial behaviour and the other not. 474 institutionalized reform school boys and 532 randomly selected boys from state schools were examined. 48.9% of the reform boys and 2.8% of the state school pupils (p less than 0.0001) had oral scars. Mucoceles were observed in 8.2% of reform boys and 0.8% of state school boys (p less than 0.0001), the former being the highest prevalence of mucoceles reported as yet in man. 60% of the cases with mucoceles could relate the advent of the mucocele to an injury, and a significant relationship exists between the occurrence of mucoceles and the presence of oral scars (p less than 0.001). The study strongly suggests a direct relationship between oral injury and the origin of mucoceles. PMID- 6807920 TI - Median labiomandibular glossotomy. AB - The median labiomandibular glossotomy has been advocated to facilitate the removal of tumors in the base of the tongue, epiglottis, and posterior pharyngeal wall. Recently, the technique has been incorporated into a method that provides exposure to the clivus, upper cervical vertebrae, and the cervicomedullary junction. In this instance, the removal of a healthy mandibular incisor tooth was recommended. The case reported in this article illustrates the success of median labiomandibular glossotomy without sacrificing healthy teeth or jeopardizing a functional occlusion. PMID- 6807921 TI - Prolonged apnea after orthognathic surgery due to atypical cholinesterase. AB - Prolonged apnea (9 hours) after elective orthognathic surgery occurred in a healthy adult female. The patient had previously undergone multiple general anesthetics without any adverse reactions or complications. Measurement of the patient's serum postoperatively confirmed both a qualitative and quantitative defect in the cholinesterase enzyme. The genetic background for an atypical cholinesterase phenotype is briefly reviewed. Treatment modalities for this rare condition are also discussed. PMID- 6807922 TI - Metronidazole in the treatment of "dry socket". PMID- 6807923 TI - Surgical treatment of juxtaradicular periodontitis. AB - A retrospective study was performed on surgically treated localized juxtaradicular periodontitis. 23 teeth were operated on during the years 1971 1976. The majority of these (79%) were incisors or cuspids. The most common etiological factor was iatrogenic root perforation. The postoperative healing process was completely successful in 57% of the cases. PMID- 6807924 TI - Chronic lip fissures. Prevalence, pathology and treatment. AB - In a prevalence study of oral mucosal lesions carried out 1973-1974, 20,333 individuals, aged 15 years or above were examined. Chronic lip fissures were found in 110 people, corresponding to a prevalence rate of 0.57%. The fissures were more prevalent among males (0.92%) than females (0.20%) and more prevalent in the age groups below 45 years than in those above. In 1976-1978, 7 patients with annoying, chronic lip fissures were treated by excision. The mean observation time was 26 months (range 17-33 months). No recurrences of the fissures were observed. Histologic examination revealed a chronic inflammatory non-specific infiltrate and no dysplasia or cellular atypia was seen. PMID- 6807927 TI - Oral cysticercosis. Review of the literature and report of 2 cases. AB - Oral cysticercosis is a rare condition in man. Our 2 cases bring the total number of published cases to 25. Although it is rare, the cysticercosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intra-oral nodules, especially in high incidence areas. Multiple foci are very common and every cases with oral cysticercosis should undergo thorough general examination. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. PMID- 6807925 TI - Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gingiva. A case report. AB - An unusual case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a progressive, necrotizing ulcer of the gingiva is reported. An establishment od diagnosis was difficult because of lack of malignancy in repeated biopsy specimens. Radiotherapy combined with administration of anti-tumor agents was effective in producing a rapid remission of the oral lesion, but multiple metastases appeared in the skin and the patient died 7 months after the onset of the initial symptoms. The tumor was regarded as being of gingival origin because of the absence of a primary focus in any other site of the body. PMID- 6807926 TI - Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia. Radiology and cytotoxic medication. AB - A 15-year-old girl presented with swelling and spontaneous bleeding of the gingiva. The lower anterior teeth were sensitive to percussion, and the lower lip and chin showed lack of sensation. Radiographically, gross loss of the alveolar and basal bone in both jaws was evident. The lamina dura and periodontal ligament had lost their morphology. Based on the clinical, radiographic and laboratory findings, the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma cell leukemia was made. While cytotoxic medication brought about an immediate clinical improvement, radiographically, jaw bone repair became evident one month following initiation of treatment. PMID- 6807928 TI - Melanotic nerve sheath tumour in the neck. PMID- 6807929 TI - The orofacial manifestations of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. AB - The Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare sex-linked inborn error of purine metabolism characterised by hyperuricaemia, mental handicap, neurologic disorders, and self destructive behaviour. The literature is reviewed and a 12-year-old patient exhibiting mutilation of the lip and tongue is reported. PMID- 6807931 TI - DMSO-induced changes in radical lifetimes in irradiated bacterial spores. PMID- 6807930 TI - Effect of .OH scavengers on radiation damage to the erythrocyte membrane. AB - Thiourea, and .OH scavenger, reduced the gamma-radiation-induced changes in the rigidity of erythrocyte membrane lipids, the state of membrane proteins, and lipid peroxidation. Several .OH scavengers, but not superoxide dismutase, also inhibited the radiation-induced acceleration of the transport of a hydrophilic non-electrolyte spin label TEMPOL across the erythrocyte membrane. The effects of scavengers were usually biphasic with a maximum of the protective effect. Higher concentrations of the scavengers were less effective, as in the case of radioprotection of erythrocytes to haemolysis studied previously. PMID- 6807932 TI - Filter use for hyperalimentation therapy. PMID- 6807933 TI - Reliability of disc diffusion susceptibility testing. AB - We retested 2,181 bacteria-antibiotic combinations with the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique and found interpretive changes with 120 (5.5%). Most changes (101 of 120) were single steps (i.e. from R to I, I to R or S, or S to I). Of the 19 remaining, 10 of them were from R to S and nine from S to R. These changes were significantly more frequent for combinations with zone diameters clustered near interpretive breakpoints (within 2mm) than for other combinations, and there was a linear relationship between decreased reproducibility and increased clustering near interpretive breakpoints. Based on an analysis of all susceptibility testing results performed in 1978, combinations most commonly clustered near interpretive breakpoints included: Ampicillin with Klebsiella pneumoniae; erythromycin with enterococci; chloramphenicol with Serratia marcescens; gentamicin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterocci; and tetracycline with Enterobacter spp., Escherichia coli, and K. pneumoniae. PMID- 6807935 TI - [Diagnosis and differential therapy of benign esophageal stenosis]. PMID- 6807934 TI - An efficacy evaluation of a synergized glutaraldehyde-phenate solution in disinfecting respiratory therapy equipment contaminated during patient use. AB - Reusable, corrugated, expiratory limb ventilator tubing that had been in use for 24 hours, were randomly allocated to one of three groups: no treatment (N = 36); detergent wash (N = 83); or a detergent wash followed by a 10 minute immersion in a 1:16 dilution of synergized glutaraldehyde-phenate solution which was reused for 30 days. (Between 10 and 22 tubes were tested in each five day interval during this 30-day period.) Tubes were quantitatively and qualitatively cultured. There were significant differences in both the percent of contaminated tubes (no treatment = 92%, detergent wash = 72%, glutaraldehyde-phenate = 0 to 20%) and numbers of microorganisms per tube (no treatment = 3.2 x 10(6), detergent wash = 1.3 x 10(4), glutaraldehyde-phenate = 0 to 182) between groups. There was no apparent decrease in glutaraldehyde-phenate's efficacy throughout the 30-day reuse period, and in the final five days of the reuse period it was completely effective. PMID- 6807936 TI - Ocular and systemic effects of acetazolamide in nephrectomized rabbits. AB - The effects of acetazolamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied on rabbits previously nephrectomized to eliminate the renal effects of the drug. Administration of acetazolamide (5 mg/kg i.v.) reduced IOP from a baseline of 15.2 to 12.2 mm Hg 2 hr later. This dose was found not to alter arterial blood pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, or base excess. However, 4 hr after drug administration anterior chamber aqueous humor showed significant reductions in bicarbonate, pH, and base excess, whereas aqueous humor ascorbate was significantly elevated. Administration of acetazolamide 15 to 50 mg/kg i.v.) to nephrectomized rabbits caused significant acidosis and pCO2 retention, presumably related to red blood cell carbonic anhydrase inhibition. IOP reduction at these higher doses was greater than that which followed the 5 mg/kg administration. PMID- 6807938 TI - [Elastoma intrapapillare perforans verruciforme (Lutz-Miescher) following long term therapy with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 6807939 TI - Quality assurance through reimbursement. PMID- 6807937 TI - Estrogens induce lipoxygenase derivative formation in rabbit lens. AB - The effect of estrogens on arachidonic acid metabolism was studied in lenses from normal and sex hormone-treated female rabbits. Analysis of the metabolites derived from incubation of these lenses with (1-14C) arachidonic acid provides the first evidence that estradiol activates the lipoxygenase pathway, as indicated by 5-S-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid--like product formation, an effect that can be prevented by progestin treatment. Prostaglandin synthesis was not demonstrated by the control or estrogen-treated rabbit lenses, suggesting that lipoxygenase is the major arachidonic acid pathway in the lens. PMID- 6807940 TI - Carbonic anhydrase I and II levels in erythrocytes of chronic renal disease patients. PMID- 6807942 TI - Effects of hyperventilation on pulmonary blood flow and recirculation time of humans. AB - We used direct invasive techniques to measure the effects of hyperventilation on the pulmonary blood flow (Q) and on recirculation time of helium and of carbon dioxide in humans. The subjects hyperventilated with a tidal volume of 1.5 liters (BTPS) and a frequency of 20 or 30 breaths/min. There was no significant change in Q from control at either level of hyperventilation. Helium first appeared in the pulmonary artery within 12 s from the onset of hyperventilation and increased by approximately 0.7% of its equilibrium arterial value per second at both levels of hyperventilation. In contrast, the PVCO2 remained at base-line level until 43 s from the onset of hyperventilation. We conclude that hyperventilation at 30 or 45 l/min with constant tidal volume does not significantly affect the value of Q and that the amount of recirculation of the two gases does not result in underestimation of Q when this variable is measured by indirect respiratory rebreathing techniques. PMID- 6807941 TI - Stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages in suspension and cell culture: enzyme determinations by biochemical and histochemical means. AB - Peritoneal exudate cells of mice were studied up to 4 days after i.p. injection of thioglycollate broth medium by means of conventional enzyme determinations and quantitative histochemical measurements of individual cells. Cells from the peritoneal cavity were either investigated immediately after harvesting or after culturing periods of up to six days for enzymic activities of aminopeptidase, esterase, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase. A fairly good correlation exists between biochemical determinations of aminopeptidase and esterase activity and the mean of histochemical data. Following a sharp increase in the number of cells after stimulation, aminopeptidase, esterase and lactate dehydrogenase activities per cell were found to be increased. Moreover, the cells taken three or five days after simulation synthesized large amounts of aminopeptidase and esterase as shown by culturing experiments. This capacity of the cells was subsequently lost in cells harvested seven days after stimulation but beta galactosidase increased and lactae dehydrogenase was more readily released into culture supernatants. The increase in aminopeptidase and esterase was dependent on protein synthesis since it was abolished by cycloheximide. Thioglycollate broth medium provokes immigration of cells into the peritoneal cavity where cells apparently differentiate by increasing their aminopeptidase and esterase concentrations, and by raising their intracellular catabolism rates, which leads eventually to the decay of the cells. The different enzymic phenotypes and the large heterogeneity at any time point after stimulation presumably also reflect different functional properties during the inflammatory process. PMID- 6807943 TI - Blood-gas CO2 equilibration in lungs of unanesthetized dogs during hypercapnia. AB - We have reinvestigated the problem of blood-gas equilibration of CO2 in lungs during hypercapnia. Six dogs with chronic tracheostomy and exteriorized carotid artery were subjected in acute experiments to hypercapnic inspired mixtures [CO2 fraction of expired gas (FICO2) = 0.06; 0.08; 0.10]. Expired CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) was continuously measured with a respiratory mass spectrometer and compared with arterial PCO2 determined in blood samples that were collected during apparent steady-state conditions. Particular care was taken in using continuously recorded temperature in the right heart for correction of blood PCO2 measured by CO2 electrodes. In no animal was there a significant difference between arterial and alveolar PCO2. On the average, this difference was -0.1 Torr at FICO2 = 0.06; 0.0 Torr at FICO2 = 0.08, and -0.2 Torr at FICO2 = 0.10. The results are in agreement with the conventional view that PCO2 in pulmonary capillary blood approaches PCO2 in alveolar gas. PMID- 6807944 TI - Evidence for pulmonary CO2 chemosensitivity: effects on ventilation. AB - To determine whether there is a pulmonary chemoreceptor for CO2 that influences spontaneous ventilation (VE), we separated the systemic and pulmonary circulations and controlled partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) independently in each circuit under hyperoxic conditions and measured VE. Dogs were anesthetized with ketamine and maintained with 1% halothane. Systemic venous return was drained from the right atrium and passed through an oxygenator and heat exchanger; blood was returned to the ascending aorta. An identical bypass was established for the pulmonary circulation, draining blood from the left atrium and returning it to the pulmonary artery. The heart was fibrillated; all cannulas were brought through the chest wall; and the median sternotomy was closed. Blood flow through both circuits was maintained at 0.080 l . kg-1 . min-1. Systemic PCO2 (PSCO2) was held constant at three different nonoscillatory levels. At each level, pulmonary PCO2 (PpCO2) was randomly varied between approximately 7 and 85 Torr. With PSCO2 at 43.5 +/- 0.4 Torr, VE increased 2.67 +/- 0.61 l . min-1 as PpCO2 was varied between these limits. With PSCO2 at 63.8 +/- 2.5 Torr, VE increased 3.95 +/- 0.73 l . min-1 over these same limits of PpCO2. With PSCO2 below 25--30 Torr, the dogs were apneic and no longer responded to changes in PpCO2. The effect of PpCO2 on VE was abolished by vagotomy. These results suggest the presence of a CO2 chemoreceptor in the lung that interacts with the nonpulmonary chemoreceptors in the control of VE. PMID- 6807948 TI - A prediction-correction scheme for forcing alveolar gases along certain time courses. AB - A computerized prediction-correction scheme has been devised for the control of alveolar gases. First, a model is run off-line to predict the inspiratory gas tensions at each second that should yield the desired alveolar patterns. Second, during the experiment, there is feedback correction based on the deviation of the actual alveolar values from the desired alveolar values. The actual alveolar values are found by a second computer and passed to the controlling computer using interrupts. The controlling computer has four digital-toi-analog outputs for controlling CO2, O2, N2, and air flows so as to achieve the commanded inspiratory PCO2 and PO2 (CO2 and O2 partial pressures, respectively). The scheme is illustrated for the generation of sinusoidal alveolar PCO2 with alveolar PO2 held constant and for steps of alveolar PCO2 at constant alveolar PO2. PMID- 6807945 TI - Intrapulmonary Co2 receptors and ventilatory response to lung Co2 loading. AB - The possible role of intrapulmonary CO2 receptors (IPC) in arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) homeostasis was investigated by comparing the arterial blood gas and ventilatory responses to CO2 loading via the inspired gas and via the venous blood. Adult male Pekin ducks were decerebrated 1 wk prior to an experiment. Venous CO2 loading was accomplished with a venovenous extracorporeal blood circuit that included a silicone-membrane blood oxygenator. The protocol randomized four states: control (no loading), venous CO2 loading, inspired CO2 loading, and venous CO2 unloading. Intravenous and inspired loading both resulted in hypercapnic hyperpnea. Comparison of the ventilatory sensitivity (delta VE/delta PaCO2) showed no significant difference between the two loading regimes. Likewise, venous CO2 unloading led to a significant hypocapnic hypopnea. Sensitivity to changes in PaCO2 could explain the response of ventilation under these conditions. The ventilatory pattern, however, was differentially sensitive to the route of CO2 loading; inspired CO2 resulted in slower deeper breathing than venous loading. It is concluded that IPC play a minor role in adjusting ventilation to match changes in pulmonary CO2 flux but rather are involved in pattern determination. PMID- 6807946 TI - Increased pulmonary microvasuclar permeability induced by alpha-naphthylthiourea. AB - The effects of alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) on lung microvascular permeability to plasma proteins were studied in anesthetized open-chest dogs. Lymph flow (Jv) was recorded, and total protein in plasma and lymph was analyzed after cannulating a small prenodal lung lymphatic. The protocol involved four experimental periods. Period 1. During this base-line period the preparation stabilized and steady states were reached in Jv, lymph total protein, pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), and left atrial pressure (Pla). Period 2. Pla was increased to approximately 20 cmH2O and maintained at that level until Jv and protein measurements attained a new steady state. Period 3. After Pla was lowered to control levels, ANTU (5 mg/kg body wt) was infused intravenously and parameters were measured for 3 h. Period 4 Pla was again raised to the pre-ANTU levels of period 2 and maintained for an additional 2-3 h. The lymphatic total protein clearance increased 8.6-fold for an equivalent increase in pulmonary capillary pressure after ANTU. Vascular permeability was assessed by estimating the osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma d) for total protein at the pulmonary capillary membrane. Sigma d decreased from 0.65 to 0.40 following ANTU. From plasma protein fractions in four experiments, equivalent pore radii for the capillary membrane of 95 and 280 A were calculated after ANTU compared with 80 and 200 A for normal lung capillaries. In addition, extravascular lung water increased from 3.8 +/- 0.16 to 5.87 +/- 0.25 following ANTU and to 7.55 +/- 0.55 (g/g blood-free dry wt) when Pla was elevated with ANTU. The experimental design allowed quantitative assessment of the vascular permeability increase after ANTU by use of lymph protein fluxes that had minimal errors due to changes in surface area or lymph contamination from nonpulmonary structures. PMID- 6807947 TI - Influence of Bohr-Haldane effect on steady-state gas exchange. AB - The influence of the Bohr-Haldane effect (BH) on steady-state gas exchange has previously been described by its effect of gas transfer from the blood when arterial and venous blood gas tensions were held constant. This report quantifies by computer analysis the effects of BH when either or both arterial and venous blood gas tensions are subject to change. When mixed venous blood gas composition is held constant, elimination of BH from a single lung unit typically reduces CO2 output by 6.5% and O2 uptake by 0.5%. Similar effects occur in a two-compartment lung model whether alveolar ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) mismatch occurs in a parallel or series ventilatory arrangement. When arterial blood gas composition is held constant, elimination of BH increases systemic venous CO2 partial pressure, but O2 partial pressure is hardly affected in the absence of metabolic acidosis. When both mixed venous and arterial blood gas tensions vary and gas exchange is stressed by VA/Q inequality, altitude, anemia, or exercise, elimination of BH predominantly affects mixed venous rather than arterial blood gas tensions. it is concluded that BH may act primarily to reduce tissue acidosis. PMID- 6807949 TI - A fast gas-mixing system for breath-to-breath respiratory control studies. AB - A computer-controlled gas-mixing system that manipulates inspired CO2 and O2 on a breath-to-breath basis has been developed. The system uses pairs of solenoid valves, one pair for each gas. These valves can either be fully shut when a low voltage is applied, or fully open when a high voltage is applied. The valves cycle open and shut every 1/12 s. A circuit converts signals from the computer, which dictates the flows of the gases, into a special form for driving the valve pairs. These signals determine the percentage of time within the 1/12-s cycle each valve spends in a open state and the percentage of time it spends shut, which, in effect, set the average flows of the various gases to the mixing chamber. The delay for response of the system to commanded CO2 or O2 changes is less than 200 ms. The system has application for the manipulation of inspired gas fractions so as to achieve desired end-tidal forcing functions. PMID- 6807951 TI - Azlocillin in the treatment of serious infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6807950 TI - Effect of dosage and frequency of injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on release of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in estradiol-treated steers. AB - The objective was to determine how estradiol (0 vs 1 mg) and changes in the dosage of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH; 1,000 ng/steer vs 1 ng/kg body weight) and frequency of LHRH injection (25 vs 50 min) affect LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) release in steers. In steers pretreated with estradiol peak concentrations of LH in serum after LHRH averaged 14.4 ng/ml, which was greater (P less than .001) than peak concentrations in steers given oil (7.4 ng/ml). Increasing the dosage of LHRH from 1 ng/Kg body weight (approximately or equal to 300 ng/steer) to 1,000 ng/steer increased (P less than .001) peak LH values from 7.5 to 14.4 ng/ml. Furthermore, increasing the frequency of LHRH injections from once every 50 min to once every 25 min increased (P less than .001) LH release, but only in steers given estradiol. Estradiol reduced basal concentrations of FSH by 65% and then increased LHRH induced FSH release by 276% (P approximately .07) relative to values for steers given oil. Only when 1,000 ng LHRH was given every 25 min to steers pretreated with estradiol were LH and FSH release profiles similar to the preovulatory gonadotropin surges of cows in magnitude, duration and general shape. The results demonstrate that increases in the dosage or frequency of LHRH pulses increase LHRH-induced release of LH, but not of FSH. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that in cows, estradiol increases responsiveness of the gonadotrophs to LHRH and then increases the magnitude and frequency of pulses of LHRH secretion beyond basal levels, thereby causing the preovulatory gonadotropin surges. PMID- 6807952 TI - Gas chromatographic determination of sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in chewing gum and sorbitol in mints. AB - A method has been developed for determination of sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol in chewing gum and sorbitol in mints. Chewing gum is partitioned between methylene chloride and water; the mint is simply dissolved in water. The aqueous extract is dried and the residue is derivatized with pyridine-acetic anhydride to form the corresponding peracetates. The derivatives are quantitated by gas chromatography using a 9 ft x 2 mm column packed with 10% Silar 10C on Chromosorb W/AW. Average recoveries of these sugar alcohols ranged from 96 to 102%. PMID- 6807953 TI - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid calcium and magnesium levels in cases of idiopathic grand mal epilepsy and induced convulsions. PMID- 6807955 TI - Evidence that Bacillus subtilis sporulation induced by the stringent response is caused by the decrease in GTP or GDP. AB - Partial amino acid deprivation of Bacillus subtilis, which evokes the stringent response, initiates sporulation not because the highly phosphorylated guanine nucleotides guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate (ppGpp) and guanosine-5' triphosphate-3'-diphosphate (pppGpp) increase but because GTP decreases. This was shown with a mutant (Myc) partially resistant to mycophenolate, an inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase. Upon amino acid deprivation, the Myc mutant (62032) showed the usual increase in ppGpp and pppGpp but a reduced decrease in GTP, and only few cells sporulated. Extensive sporulation was restored by the addition of mycophenolate or decoyinine, and inhibitor of GMP synthetase, which caused a further decrease in GTP. PMID- 6807956 TI - D-tagatose 1,6-diphosphate aldolase from lactic streptococci: purification, properties, and use in measuring intracellular tagatose 1,6-diphosphate. AB - Two D-ketohexose 1,6-diphosphate aldolases are present in Streptococcus cremoris E8 and S. lactis C10. One aldolase, which was induced by growth on either lactose or galactose, was active with both tagatose 1,6-diphosphate (TDP) and fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), having a lower Km and a higher Vmax with TDP as the substrate. This enzyme, named TDP aldolase, had properties typical of a class I aldolase, being insensitive to EDTA and showing substrate-dependent inactivation by sodium borohydride. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis indicated a subunit molecular weight of 34,500. The amino acid composition of TDP aldolase is reported. When the enzyme was incubated with either triose phosphates or FDP, the equilibrium mixture contained an FDP/TDP ratio of 6.9:1. The other aldolase, which had properties typical of a class II aldolase, showed activity with FDP but not with TDP. The intracellular TDP concentration, measured with the purified TDP aldolase, was 0.4 to 4.0 mM in cells growing on lactose or galactose and was lower (0 to 1.0 mM) in cells growing on glucose. The intracellular concentration of FDP was always higher than that of TDP. The role of ketohexose diphosphates in the regulation of end product fermentation by lactic streptococci is discussed. PMID- 6807957 TI - Mutational separation of transport systems for branched-chain amino acids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Several types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants defective in the transport systems for branched-chain amino acids were isolated by selection for resistance to 5',5',5'-DL-trifluoroleucine, a leucine analog, under certain conditions. Mutants resistant to trifluoroleucine in the absence of Na+ were defective in the high-affinity system. These mutants fell into two classes. One class showed a defect in the production of a periplasmic binding protein for leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, and threonine, and the other showed normal production of the binding protein as determined by a binding assay and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Properties of the former class of mutants have been partly described (T. Hoshino and M. Kageyama, J. Bacteriol. 141:1055-1063, 1980). Mutants selected for resistance to trifluoroleucine with Na+ and an excess amount of alanine showed a defect in the low-affinity system. Membrane vesicles prepared from such a mutant lost the transport activity for leucine. A mutant which showed increased activity of the low-affinity system with a defect in the high-affinity system was obtained from strain PML1453 (high-affinity system defective) by selecting for utilization of isoleucine as a carbon source. PMID- 6807958 TI - Purification and characterization of three separate bacteriolytic enzymes excreted by Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. AB - As a further development of previous investigations showing that different staphylococcal species display different bacteriolytic activity patterns (lyogroups), the bacteriolytic enzymes excreted by three different Staphylococcus species, Staphylococcus aureus (lyogroup I), S. simulans (lyogroup II), and S. saprophyticus (lyogroup IV); have been purified and characterized. A representative strain from each species was grown in a preselected medium made of fully dialyzable products. Culture supernatants were collected in the appropriate growth phase. Two different affinity adsorbents were used for enzyme purification. One was obtained by coupling lysozyme-digested pure peptidoglycan from Micrococcus luteus to cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. The second affinity adsorbent used was chitin. The S. aureus bacteriolytic enzyme bound to the solubilized peptidoglycan but not to chitin, whereas the opposite was true for the S. simulans enzyme. The bacteriolytic enzyme from S. saprophyticus did not bind to either the Sepharose 4B-peptidoglycan resin or to chitin, and its purification was achieved by two ion-exchange chromatography steps combined with gel filtration. All three enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity. Their subsequent characterization indicated that all acted as endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidases. However, the three glucosaminidases differed significantly in their kinetics of activity and bacteriolytic spectrum against heat-killed cells of a variety of microorganisms. Very different values also resulted from molecular weight determinations: 80,000 for the S. aureus enzyme, 45,000 for the S. simulans enzyme, and 31,000 for the S. saprophyticus enzyme. Other important differences were observed in their stability, optimal pH and ionic strength for their activity, and their responses to temperature and divalent cations. These results confirmed the previous proposal that different staphylococcal species excrete different lytic enzymes. PMID- 6807954 TI - Nickel requirement of Acetobacterium woodii. AB - Growth of Acetobacterium woodii on H2 and CO2 rather than on fructose was dependent on nickel. Nickel-deprived cultures growing on fructose did not synthesize acetate from CO2; under these conditions hydrogen formation was used as the electron sink. The data indicate that nickel is involved in CO2 reduction to acetate in A. woodii. PMID- 6807959 TI - Isolation and characterization of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO mutant defective in the structural gene for the LIVAT-binding protein. AB - A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO which has a defect in the structural gene for a binding protein for leucine, isoleucine, valine, alanine, and threonine (LIVAT-binding protein) was isolated and characterized. DL-4-azaleucine was taken up via the high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport system (LIV-I), but not via the low affinity system (LIV-II), and then inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa cells. This finding enabled us to select mutants defective in the LIV I transport system alone. Among such mutants, strain PAO3530 was found to produce an altered LIVAT-binding protein. The shock fluid of this strain contained a normal level of the protein which corresponded to the wild-type LIVAT-binding protein as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by an immunological test. However, the shock fluid showed almost no binding activity for branched-chain amino acids, suggesting that strain PAO3530 has a defect in the structural gene for the LIVAT-binding protein. The mutation locus (bra-310) was mapped in a region between cnu-9001 and oru-325 on the chromosome of P. aeruginosa PAO by conjugation mediated by plasmid FP5 or R68.45. PMID- 6807962 TI - Effect of light intensity and inhibitors of nitrogen assimilation on NH4+ inhibition of nitrogenase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum and Anabaena sp. AB - Nitrogenase activity in Rhodospirillum rubrum was inhibited by NH4+ more rapidly in low light than in high light. Furthermore, the nitrogenase of cells exposed to phosphorylation uncouplers was inhibited by NH4+ more rapidly than was the nitrogenase of controls without an uncoupler. These observations suggest that high levels of photosynthate inhibit the nitrogenase inactivation system. L Methionine-DL-sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, prevented NH4+ from inhibiting nitrogenase activity, which suggests that NH4+ must be processed at least to glutamine for inhibition to occur. An inhibitor of glutamate synthase activity, 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine, inhibited nitrogenase activity in the absence of NH4+, but only in cells exposed to low light. The mechanism of 6-diazo 5-oxo-L-norleucine inhibition appeared to be the same as that induced by NH4+, because nitrogenase activity could be restored in vitro by activating enzyme and Mn2+. The inhibitor data suggest that the glutamine pool or a molecule that responds to it activates the Fe protein-modifying (or protein-inactivating) system and that the accumulation of this (unidentified) molecule is retarded when the cells are exposed to high light. It was confirmed here that Anabaena nitrogenase is also inhibited by NH4+, but only when the cells are incubated under low light. This inhibition, however, unlike that in R. rubrum, could be completely reversed in high light, suggesting that the mechanisms of nitrogenase inhibition by NH4+ in these two phototrophs are different. PMID- 6807963 TI - Genetic and physiological analysis of conjugation in Streptococcus faecalis. AB - In an effort to elucidate the mechanisms of conjugal plasmid transfer in Streptococcus faecalis, a genetic analysis of the sex pheromone-dependent tetracycline resistance plasmid pCF-10 was initiated. Rare transconjugants obtained from short matings with wild-type donors not exposed to sex pheromones were screened for increased donor potential in a subsequent mating. From this screening, a mutant plasmid, designated pCF-11, whose transfer functions are expressed in the absence of pheromone induction was isolated. Cells carrying pCF 11 spontaneously clump when grown in broth culture but do not excrete sex pheromones active against wild-type donors. In the course of initial experiments, it was observed that physiological conditions could affect plasmid transfer frequency. Therefore, a set of standardized optimal mating conditions was defined. The experiments carried out to determine these conditions revealed that a transient increase in transfer frequency of about 2 order of magnitude occurred in early-exponential-phase donor cells. This peak of activity is independent of sex pheromone response, since it was observed with induced or uninduced donor cells carrying either pCF-11 or pCF-10. PMID- 6807960 TI - L-serine degradation in Escherichia coli K-12: a combination of L-serine, glycine, and leucine used as a source of carbon. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 strain CU1008 cannot use L-serine as the sole carbon source, but it could use L-serine as an auxiliary carbon source with glucose, L alanine, or pyruvate and could derive energy from L-serine to support oxygen uptake. CU1008 grew with L-serine if it was also provided with glycine and leucine. These may act by increasing the available activity of L-serine deaminase; other explanations are also explored. PMID- 6807961 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants altered in their sensitivity to the effect of iron on toxin A or elastase yields. AB - Iron affects yields of toxin A, alkaline protease, elastase, pyochelin, and pyoverdin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO1 resistant to the effect of iron on toxin (toxC) or elastase (elaC) yields were isolated. Two types of mutants were isolated: iron transport and iron regulatory mutants. The toxC regulatory mutants produced toxin A in medium containing iron; however, yields of elastase and alkaline protease remained sensitive to regulation by iron. The elaC regulatory mutants were resistant to the effect of iron on elastase yields, but toxin A and alkaline protease yields were decreased by iron, analogous to the parent strain. These data suggest that toxin A, elastase, and alkaline protease yields can be independently regulated by iron. PMID- 6807965 TI - One-carbon metabolism in methanogens: evidence for synthesis of a two-carbon cellular intermediate and unification of catabolism and anabolism in Methanosarcina barkeri. AB - One-carbon metabolic transformations associated with cell carbon synthesis and methanogenesis were analyzed by long- and short-term (14)CH(3)OH or (14)CO(2) incorporation studies during growth and by cell suspensions. (14)CH(3)OH and (14)CO(2) were equivalently incorporated into the major cellular components (i.e., lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids) during growth on H(2)-CO(2)-methanol. (14)CH(3)OH was selectively incorporated into the C-3 of alanine with decreased amounts fixed in the C-1 and C-2 positions, whereas (14)CO(2) was selectively incorporated into the C(1) moiety with decreasing amounts assimilated into the C 2 and C-3 atoms. Notably, (14)CH(4) and [3-(14)C]alanine synthesized from (14)CH(3)OH during growth shared a common specific activity distinct from that of CO(2) or methanol. Cell suspensions synthesized acetate and alanine from (14)CO(2). The addition of iodopropane inhibited acetate synthesis but did not decrease the amount of (14)CH(3)OH or (14)CO(2) fixed into one-carbon carriers (i.e., methyl coenzyme M or carboxydihydromethanopterin). Carboxydihydromethanopterin was only labeled from (14)CH(3)OH in the absence of hydrogen. Cell extracts catalyzed the synthesis of acetate from (14)CO ( approximately 1 nmol/min per mg of protein) and an isotopic exchange between CO(2) or CO and the C-1 of pyruvate. Acetate synthesis from (14)CO was stimulated by methyl B(12) but not by methyl tetrahydrofolate or methyl coenzyme M. Methyl coenzyme M and coenzyme M were inhibitory to acetate synthesis. Cell extracts contained high levels of phosphotransacetylase (>6 mumol/min per mg of protein) and acetate kinase (>0.14 mumol/min per mg of protein). It was not possible to distinguish between acetate and acetyl coenzyme A as the immediate product of two carbon synthesis with the methods employed. PMID- 6807964 TI - Isolation and characterization of acyl coenzyme A carboxylases from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis, which produce multiple methyl-branched mycocerosic acids. AB - Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and M. bovis BCG produce multiple methyl branched fatty acids called mycocerosic acids, presumably from methyl-malonyl coenzyme A (CoA). An acyl-CoA carboxylase was isolated from these organisms at a 30 to 50% yield by a purification procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and affinity chromatography with a monomeric avidin-Sepharose 4B-CL gel with d-biotin as the eluant. Sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and avidin binding indicate that each enzyme is probably composed of two dissimilar subunits with a covalently bound biotin in the larger subunit. The enzyme preparations from H37Ra and BCG had specific activities of 2.1 and 5.5 mumol min(-1) mg(-1), respectively, when propionyl-CoA was the substrate. The enzymes from the two species displayed striking similarities in their kinetic parameters. They showed maximal activity at pH 8.0 when propionyl-CoA was the substrate, but displayed a relatively broad pH-activity profile when acetyl-CoA was the substrate. With both substrates, potassium phosphate buffer gave maximal activity. Apparent K(m) values for propionyl-CoA, ATP, Mg(2+), and NaHCO(3) were 70 muM, 100 muM, 5.4 mM, and 2.2 mM, respectively. The enzyme also carboxylated acetyl-CoA and butyryl-CoA, and high-performance liquid chromatography showed the expected products of carboxylation. However, with these substrates, the K(m) was higher and the V(max) was lower than those of propionyl-CoA. The enzyme was shown to be stereospecific, synthesizing exclusively (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA from propionyl-CoA. No other acyl-CoA carboxylase was observed during the purification procedure, indicating that the present carboxylase may provide malonyl-CoA for the synthesis of n-fatty acids as well as methylmalonyl-CoA for the synthesis of mycocerosic acids. PMID- 6807966 TI - Transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of phosphatidylglycerol to phosphatidylethanolamine in Escherichia coli. AB - Phosphatidylglycerol was pulse-labeled with radioactive lipid precursors in a serine auxotroph of Escherichia coli. Most of the radioactivity of phosphatidylglycerol labeled in a serine-depleted medium was transferred to phosphatidylethanolamine during a chase in the presence of L-serine, but not in its absence. Metabolism of fatty acyl moieties labeled with [1-14C]acetate, acylated glycerol moieties labeled with [2-3H]glycerol, and phosphate moieties labeled with 32Pi, followed by a chase in the presence of cerulenin, showed that the intact phosphatidyl moiety of phosphatidylglycerol was transferred to phosphatidylethanolamine. The composition of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species was unaltered and not perturbed by the transfer of the phosphatidyl moiety of phosphatidylglycerol. The increase of phosphatidylethanolamine with a concomitant decrease of phosphatidylglycerol was not coupled with the postulated turnover of phosphatidylglycerol to membrane-derived oligosaccharides and lipoprotein. It is suggested that phosphatidylglycerol is capable of providing its phosphatidyl moiety for the production of phosphatidylethanolamine in response to the relief of serine limitation by addition of L-serine. PMID- 6807968 TI - Extraction and some properties of the proteins, Spastin B, from the spasmoneme of Carchesium polypinum. AB - Proteins of the contractile spasmoneme from Carchesium polypinum were extracted in 2% SDS, 30% acetic acid, or 8 M urea. The proteins extracted in SDS had a wide molecular weight distribution when examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On the other hand, the proteins extracted in urea and acetic acid had three major peaks with molecular weights of about 16,000, 18,000, and 22,000. Most of these proteins were soluble even in the absence of urea and furthermore were found to be monomeric, since the sedimentation coefficient, s20,w, measured by analytical ultracentrifugation was 2.0S. The electrophoretic mobility of the proteins extracted in urea or in acetic acid was examined on alkaline gels. In the presence of free Ca2+, the mobility was significantly reduced compared with that in the absence of free Ca2+. These Ca-binding proteins were heat-stable and could not interact with troponin I. The implications of these proteins and others in relation to the contractility of the spasmoneme in Carchesium stalk are discussed. PMID- 6807969 TI - The process of dissolving apolipoprotein A-I in an aqueous buffer. AB - Human plasma apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) has been studied in an aqueous solution by the techniques of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), circular dichroic spectroscopy, and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation. The results indicate that an oligomer is formed as an intermediate step of dissolving lysophilized apoA-I. The process of further dissolution of this oligomer is an irreversible, temperature-dependent dissociation. The half-life of this intermediate oligomer is 3 min at 37 degrees C and 80 h at 30 degrees C. The completely dissolved apoA-I in an aqueous buffer self-associates with conformational alteration. The self-association equilibrium is too rapid to be demonstrated by HPLC. PMID- 6807967 TI - Subtypes and laboratory measures of autonomous depression. PMID- 6807971 TI - Hydrophobic-ionic chromatography: its application to microbial glucose oxidase, hyaluronidase, cholesterol oxidase, and cholesterol esterase. AB - Glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger, hyaluronidase from Streptomyces hyalurolyticus, and cholesterol oxidase and cholesterol esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens were effectively adsorbed on an Amberlite CG-50 column, when the cell free cultured medium or the cultured medium with cell extract and without cell debris was applied without desalting but at pH less than or equal to 4.5. At the acidic pH, all the ion-exchange groups (-COOH) exist in the protonated form; the adsorption is not due to electrostatic attraction, but to hydrophobic interaction. The enzymes thus adsorbed were effectively eluted by increasing pH, at which the ion-exchange groups became dissociated. This type of adsorption elution is called hydrophobic-ionic chromatography. By a single run of chromatography, glucose oxidase, hyaluronidase, cholesterol oxidase, and cholesterol esterase were purified 30-fold, 12-fold, 45-fold, and 20-fold with yields of 82%, 83%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. This indicates that hydrophobic ionic chromatography on an Amberlite CG-50 column is effective for the purification of various enzymes, provided that they are stable at the acidic pH. PMID- 6807970 TI - Changes in myosin isozymes during development of chicken breast muscle. AB - The patterns of myosin isozymes in embryonic and adult chicken pectoralis muscle were examined by electrophoresis in a non-denaturing gel system (pyrophosphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis), and both light chains and heavy chains of embryonic and adult myosin isozymes were compared. In pyrophosphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis, the predominant isozyme component in embryonic pectoralis myosin could be clearly distinguished from adult myosin isozymes. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the light chain composition of embryonic myosin was also different from that of adult myosin. The pattern of peptide fragments produced by myosin digestion with a-chymotrypsin differed significantly between embryonic and adult skeletal myosin. These results suggest that myosin in the embryonic pectoralis muscle is different in both light and heavy chain composition from myosin in the same adult tissue. PMID- 6807972 TI - In vitro assembly and disassembly of 14-nm filament from Tetrahymena pyriformis. The protein component of 14-nm filament is a 49,000-Dalton protein. AB - Conditions for in vitro assembly and disassembly of Tetrahymena 14-nm filaments were investigated electron-microscopically by using a crude extract of acetone powder of the cells. The assembly conditions established are: incubation of a protein sample (2 mg/ml) in 5 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer (pH 6.6) containing 0.1 mM N alpha-tosyl-L-lysyl-chloromethane hydrochloride (TLCK), 50 mM KCl, 0.6 mM ATP, and 1.2 mM CaCl2 at 30 degrees C for 30 min. The disassembly conditions established are: dialysis of the 14-nm filament suspension (3 mg protein/ml) against Tris-acetate buffer (pH 8.2) containing 5 mM 2 mercaptoethanol, 1 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), and 0.05 mM TLCK at 4 degrees C for 24 h. The assembly and disassembly were repeatable, and resulted in the exclusive retention of the 49,000-dalton protein. This clearly shows that the previously reported protein component (38,000-dalton protein : FFP-38) of the 14-nm filament is incorrect and the actual component is indeed a 49,000-dalton protein. The present research also showed that the Tetrahymena 14-nm filament bore a strong resemblance to 'intermediate filaments' of mammalian cells with respect to molecular weight, amino-acid composition of the protein component, and size and conditions for assembly and disassembly of the filament. PMID- 6807973 TI - N-bromosuccinimide oxidation of a glucoamylase from Aspergillus saitoi. AB - 1. In order to elucidate the structure-function relation of a glucoamylase [EC 3.2.1.3, alpha-D-(1 leads to 4) glucan glucohydrolase] from Aspergillus saitoi (Gluc M1), the reaction of Gluc M1 with NBS was studied. 2. The tryptophan residues in Glu M1 were oxidized at various NBS/Gluc M1 ratios. The enzymatic activity decreased to about 80% of that of the native Gluc M1 with the oxidation of the first 2 tryptophan residues. The oxidation of these 2 tryptophan residues occurred within 0.2-0.5 s. On further oxidation of ca. 4-5 more tryptophan residues of Glu M1, the enzymatic activity of Gluc M1 decreased to almost zero (NBS/Gluc M1 = 20). Thus, the most essential tryptophan residue(s) is amongst these 4-5 tryptophan residues. 3. 7.5 tryptophan residues were found to be eventually oxidized with increasing concentrations of NBS up to NBS/Gluc M1 = 50. This value is comparable to the number of tryptophan residues which are located on the surface of the enzyme as judged from the solvent perturbation difference spectrum with ethylene glycol as perturbant. 4. In the presence of 10% soluble starch, about 5 tryptophan residues in Gluc M1 were oxidized at an NBS/Gluc M1 ratio of 20. The remaining activity of Glu M1 at this stage of oxidation was about 76%. On further oxidation, after removal of soluble starch, the enzymatic activity decreased to zero with the concomitant oxidation of 2 tryptophan residues. The results indicated that the essential tryptophan residue(s) is amongst these 2 tryptophans. 5. The UV difference spectrum induced by addition of maltose and maltitol to Gluc M1 showed 4 troughs at 281, 289, 297, and 303 nm. The latter 3 troughs were probably due to tryptophan residues of Gluc M1 and decreased with NBS oxidation. PMID- 6807974 TI - Physiological effects accompanying the removal of myosin LC2 from skinned skeletal muscle fibers. AB - The possible role of the LC2 light chain of myosin in the contraction of vertebrate striated muscle has long been a subject of interest. This problem has been addressed in the present study in which the mechanical effects of partial removal of LC2 from skinned fibers of rabbit psoas muscle have been investigated. Each fiber was divided into three segments, thus allowing determinations of the LC2 content of the fiber 1) prior to extraction of the LC2 subunit, i.e. control, 2) following extraction of LC2, and 3) following readdition of LC2 to the fiber. Measurements of isometric tension and the maximum velocity of shortening were made in these fiber segments at each of the above stages of the extraction protocol. LC2 was partially removed from the fiber segments by treatment with a solution containing 20 mM EDTA, 50 mM KCl, 5 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, for 120 min at 30 degrees C, a procedure modified from Chantler and Szent-Gyorgyi (Chantler, P. D., and Szent-Gyorgyi, A. G. (1980) J. Mol. Biol. 138, 473-492). LC2 content was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques. The results indicate that removal of about one-third of the total LC2 within a fiber segment reduced Vmax by nearly 50%, with very little effect upon isometric tension. Readdition of LC2 to these fiber segments resulted in recovery of Vmax to near control values. These findings suggest that LC2 may modulate the kinetics of interaction of myosin with actin in mammalian skeletal muscle. PMID- 6807976 TI - A major cytoplasmic glucose-regulated protein is associated with the Rous sarcoma virus pp60src protein. AB - Previous studies have established that glucose deprivation of murine cells suppresses the synthesis of an Mr = 85,000 polypeptide. A protein of approximately the same molecular weight has been found to be associated with the transforming protein of Rous sarcoma virus, pp60src. The present study compares the Mr = 85,000 glucose-regulated protein with the pp60src-associated protein. By the criteria of mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and one dimensional partial proteolytic peptide mapping the two proteins appear to be identical. It has previously been shown that the pp60src-associated protein is also identical with one of several proteins whose synthesis is induced after growth of cells at elevated temperatures or in the presence of arsenite and canavanine. Considering that it is involved in a number of complex response patterns, the name syndromin is proposed for this protein. These findings open the possibility of a fundamental interrelationship among the heat shock effect, regulation of protein synthesis by glucose deprivation, and oncogenic transformation by Rous sarcoma virus. PMID- 6807975 TI - The site of attachment of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin. A resonance Raman study. AB - The retinal chromophore of bacteriorhodopsin is attached as a Schiff's base with the epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue. The site of attachment has now been investigated by the use of resonance Raman spectroscopy which has previously been shown to be sensitive to 15N isotope substitution at the Schiff's base. Bacteriorhodopsin samples obtained from bacteria grown in a medium containing either [epsilon-14N]- or [epsilon-15N]lysine were cleaved with chymotrypsin to give, in each case, the two fragments C-1 (amino acids 72-248) and C-2 (amino acids 1-71). The fragments were recombined in different combinations into lipid/detergent mixtures and retinal was added to regenerate the chromophore. Resonance Raman spectroscopy showed that, in both the light-adapted (BR 570) and the M 412 intermediate forms, the chromophore is attached to the large C-1 fragment. This result eliminates Lys-41 as the attachment site in these forms of bacteriorhodopsin. Together with the accompanying report, which demonstrates that the epsilon-amino group in Lys-41 is not required for regeneration of the native chromophore or for proton translocation, these results provide strong evidence that the chromophore remains attached as a Schiff's base to Lys-216 during the entire photocycle. PMID- 6807977 TI - Rapid conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by neutrophil and mast cell proteinases. AB - Human neutrophil cathepsin G and human skin mast cell chymase rapidly convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II with only minor cleavage elsewhere in the molecule. The rate of cleavage is consistent with a potential role for either or both of these enzymes in an alternate pathway for angiotensin II synthesis. Since neither enzyme in inhibited by captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inactivator, it is possible that leukocyte and mast cell enzymes may play a significant role in the development of abnormally high local concentrations of angiotensin II, associated with various inflammatory processes. PMID- 6807978 TI - Mouse heparin proteoglycan. Synthesis by mast cell-fibroblast monolayers during lymphocyte-dependent mast cell proliferation. PMID- 6807979 TI - Determination of the matrix free Ca2+ concentration and kinetics of Ca2+ efflux in liver and heart mitochondria. PMID- 6807982 TI - Effects of alloxan diabetes on the turnover of rat liver glycogen synthase. Comparison with liver phosphorylase. AB - Rat liver glycogen synthase shows almost a 2-fold increase in activity 8 days after onset of alloxan diabetes. Immunological and catalytic criteria indicate that the change in activity is associated with an increase in the amount of enzyme in the diabetic. Apparent rates of degradation were determined for isolated glycogen synthase and phosphorylase from the livers of 2-, 5-, and 8-day diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic and normal rats using the double isotope ([3H]leucine and [14C]leucine) labeling method (Arias, I. M., Doyle, D., and Schimke, R. T. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 3303-3315). Relative rates of enzyme synthesis and degradation were determined by comparing the 3H incorporation and 3H/14C ratios of the isolated enzymes to the isotope labeling of a liver fraction representing the average of liver proteins. Glycogen synthase showed a gradual increase in the rate of degradation through the course of diabetes with an average relative rate of degradation in the 8-day diabetic 1.8 times greater than the normal. The relative rate of synthesis for glycogen synthase in the diabetic was 2.2- to 2.5-fold greater than the normal. Phosphorylase from 5- and 8-day diabetic rats had relative rates of degradation 4.0-5.3 times greater than enzyme from the normal. In the diabetic, the rate of degradation of phosphorylase was greater than for synthase while the opposite was observed in the normal rat. The relative rate of synthesis for phosphorylase from diabetic rats was approximately 4.5-fold greater than normal. The increased concentration of glycogen synthase in the diabetic liver is because of an increased rate of synthesis and not a decreased rate of enzyme degradation. PMID- 6807984 TI - The contribution of histidine (HC3) (146 beta) to the R state Bohr effect of human hemoglobin. AB - The role of histidine (HC3) 146 beta in the previously established pH-dependent properties of the R state of human hemoglobin has been investigated. The rate constants for the dissociation and combination of the fourth carbon monoxide molecule, l4 and l'4, have been determined as a function of pH for hemoglobin A and des-(His 146 beta) hemoglobin A. From these kinetic parameters, the value of L4, the affinity constant for the 4th carbon monoxide molecules, has been calculated according to the equation L4 = l'4/l4. In addition, the effect of removal of histidine 146 beta or its replacement by arginine (hemoglobin Cochin Port Royal) on k4, the rate of oxygen dissociation from fully liganded hemoglobin, has been determined as a function of pH. Removal of histidine 146 beta reduces the pH dependence of L4 by 47%. At the same time, it produces a similar, 45%, reduction in the pH dependence of kr. Replacement of histidine 146 beta by arginine reduces the pH dependence of k4 by 23% and that of l'4 by about 30%. These chemical modifications cause reductions in the R state Bohr effect which are remarkably similar in magnitude to the reduction which they produce in the overall Bohr effect. These results indicate that histidine 146 beta controls a major fraction of the R state Bohr effect as well as being a major participant in the overall and T state Bohr effects. PMID- 6807981 TI - The role of pH in the melanin biosynthesis pathway. AB - Having oxidized 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) with sodium periodate or mushroom tyrosinase in a pH range from 3.5 to 6.0, it has been possible to detect spectrophotometrically 4-(2-carboxy-2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzoquinone with the amino group protonated (o-dopaquinone-H+), a postulated intermediate in the melanogenesis pathway. When the pH value was greater than 4, the final product obtained was 2-carboxy-2,3-dihydroindole-5,6-quinone (dopachrome); however, for pH values lower than 4, two different products were identified by means of cyclic voltammetry: 5-(2-carboxy-2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone and dopachrome. These products appeared when oxidation was achieved with the enzyme as well as with periodate. This suggests that two chemical pathways can arise from alpha-dopaquinone-H+, whose relative importance is determined by the pH. The steps of these pathways would be dopa leads to o-dopaquinone-H+ leads to o dopaquinone leads to leukodopachrome leads to dopachrome, for the first one, and dopa leads to o-dopaquinone-H+ leads to 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylalanine leads to 5 (2-carboxy-2-aminoethyl)-2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone very slowly leads to intermediate compound leads to dopachrome, for the second one. The stoichiometry for the conversion of dopaquinone-H+ into dopachrome for pH values greater than 4 followed equation of 2 o-dopaquinone-H+ leads to dopa + dopachrome. No participation of oxygen was detected in the conversion of leukodopachrome (2,3 dihydro-5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate) into dopachrome. PMID- 6807980 TI - The stimulation of protein degradation in muscle by Ca2+ is mediated by prostaglandin E2 and does not require the calcium-activated protease. AB - Treatment of isolated rat skeletal muscles with the Ca2+ ionophores, A23187 or ionomycin, increased overall protein degradation 45-140%. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ reduced overall proteolysis and most of the stimulation by A23187. Treatment of the muscles with the sulfhydryl inhibitor, mersalyl, completely inactivated the Ca2+-activated protease without altering overall protein breakdown or the stimulation by A23187. This agent did not inhibit the lysosomal protease, cathepsin B, in the muscle; however, leupeptin and Ep-475, which inhibit this enzyme in intact cells, decreased the stimulation of proteolysis by Ca2+. Thus, this effect does not require the Ca2+-activated enzyme, but seems to involve lysosomal proteases. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and its precursor arachidonic acid, were previously shown to stimulate protein degradation in rat muscle through an effect on lysosomal function. We tested whether the enhancement of muscle proteolysis by Ca2+ ionophores may result from increased synthesis of PGE2. A23187 increased release of PGE2 and PGF2 alpha by the muscles 3-4-fold. High extracellular potassium also markedly promotes muscle proteolysis, apparently by increasing intracellular Ca2+, and this treatment also stimulates prostaglandin production. Indomethacin and aspirin, which inhibit the cyclooxygenase, and mepacrine, which inhibits the Ca2+-activated phospholipase A2, markedly reduced the increase in prostaglandin production. These agents also reduced the enhancement of protein degradation by Ca2+ or high K+. Thus, Ca2+ appears to promote protein breakdown by stimulating synthesis of PGE2, which in turn activates the lysosomal apparatus. PMID- 6807983 TI - Inhibition of oxygen exchange by chemical modifiers at the sulfhydryl 1 or reactive lysine residue of myosin. Changing the rates of intermediate enzymatic reactions by modifying the course of reaction-linked conformational changes. AB - During the hydrolysis of MgATP by myosin, there is an extensive exchange of oxygen between water and the terminal phosphate group of bound nucleotide, which results from a repeated cycle of hydrolytic cleavage and its reversal. An analysis of the distribution of [18O]Pi species from the hydrolysis of [gamma 18O]ATP gives an estimate for the apparent rate constant [k-3(app)] of reverse cleavage, which is the rate-limiting step of the exchange cycle. We have performed this kind of analysis with two different forms of modified myosin, containing either N-ethylmaleimide at the sulfhydryl 1 group or trinitrophenyl at the reactive lysine residue. Although these modifications of the protein are chemically different, and the sulfhydryl 1 group and the reactive lysine residue are far apart in the primary chain of the myosin head, the two modifications caused a similar marked inhibition of oxygen exchange. This effect resulted from: 1) a decrease in the time available for the exchange cycle due to a 3-10-fold increase in the turnover rate of hydrolysis and 2) a reduction in k-3 (app) from 2-5 s-1 to 0.2-0.5 s-1. It is proposed that modifications of this type influence enzymatic activity by altering the course of "reaction-linked conformational changes," i.e. those changes in protein structure that are coupled to the catalytic mechanism but are not part of the substrate-binding site proper. It is also suggested that certain naturally occurring protein modifications, e.g. methylation of histidine or lysine residues, could regulate function by operation of this mechanism. PMID- 6807987 TI - Identification of the mglA gene product in the beta-methylgalactoside transport system of Escherichia coli using plasmid DNA deletions generated in vitro. AB - Three genes (mglA, mglB, and mglC) required for active transport of substrate by the methylgalactoside permease were identified in a hybrid ColE1-DNA plasmid isolated from a clone (pLC3-14) of the Clarke-Carbon bank of Escherichia coli genes. A 4.6-kilobase DNA fragment obtained from pLC3-14 was cloned into the plasmid vector pBR322. The presence of the three mgl genes in the resultant plasmid, pMG3, was verified by genetic complementation and biochemical analysis of mgl mutants transformed with pMG3 DNA. Derivatives of pMG3 containing deletions in each mgl gene were constructed; restriction endonuclease mapping and functional analysis of these plasmids allowed us to physically locate the mgl genes within the inserted plasmid DNA and also to identify a heretofore unknown protein component of the transport system. Expression of these plasmids in vivo resulted in the specific synthesis of three major proteins of apparent molecular weight of 19,000, 36,000, and 52,000. The 36,000-dalton protein is the galactose binding protein previously identified as the mglB product. The 19,000-dalton protein maybe the product of mglD, a regulatory gene mapping outside of the mgl gene cluster. The 52,000-dalton protein is a new permease component which we have identified here as the mglA product based on the observation that pMG6, a plasmid with a 0.6-kilobase mglA deletion, failed to encode for this protein but produced a truncated polypeptide showing a reduction in molecular weight comparable to the extent of the deletion. In bacteria bearing an mglA+, B-, C+ plasmid (Pmg4), the 52,000-dalton protein is located to a large extent (73%) in the membrane fraction. PMID- 6807985 TI - Oxidation-reduction states of FMN and FAD in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase during reduction by NADPH. AB - NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, a component of the multisubstrate monooxygenase system of liver microsomes, is an unusual flavoprotein in that it contains both FMN and FAD. In recent studies in this laboratory, a procedure was devised for selective removal of FMN from the purified enzyme, thus leading to the identification of FMN and FAD as the prosthetic groups of high and low reduction potential, respectively, and to the assignment of known reduction potentials to the individual flavin half-reactions. In the present study, the reaction of NADPH with the reductase was examined under anaerobic conditions by stopped flow spectrophotometry. The results were shown to correspond to those predicted on the basis of a model for the rapid exchange of reducing equivalents between the two flavins, the distribution being governed at any time by the reduction potentials for the individual flavin half-reactions. The reaction is divided into three steps, as follows (a) In a rapid first phase with a first order rate constant of 28 s-1, a mixture of about 70% (FMNH2, FAD) and 30% disemiquinone (FMNH ., FADH .) is generated; (FMN, FADH2), the presumed transient intermediate in the reduction of the oxidized flavoprotein by NADPH, does not accumulate under these conditions. (b) In a second phase characterized by a first order rate constant of 5.4 s-1, a mixture of 65% (FMNH2, FADH2), 24% (FMNH2, FAD), and 11% (FMNH ., FADH .) is produced. (c) Regardless of the NADPH concentration employed, a third phase occurs with very slow changes leading to an equilibrium mixture of the nine oxidation-reduction states of the reductase. The absorption spectra for all possible oxidation-reduction states of the FMN moiety of the reductase as well as of the native reductase are presented. PMID- 6807986 TI - The origin of dolichol in the liver of the rat. Determination of the dietary contribution. AB - Commercial laboratory rat chow was found to contain 8.3 micrograms/g of dolichol and 2.1 micrograms/g of polyprenol; each was 14-18 isoprenes in length. The chain length and relative concentration of rat fecal dolichol and polyprenol were approximately the same as in chow, indicating that there was no preferential absorption of a particular chain length or a particular class of prenols. To quantitate the absorption of these compounds, rats were intubated with either [3H]dolichol or [3H]polyprenol or, as a control, [3H]cholesterol. After 30 h, the amount of radioactivity accumulated in the liver of the [3H]cholesterol-fed rat averaged 6% of the total administered. In contrast, the amount of radioactivity present in the livers of the [3H]dolichol- or [3H]polyprenol-fed rats was 0.05% of the total. From these data the maximum hepatic accumulation of the dietary prenols was calculated to be 0.06 micrograms/30 h. When compared with the values obtained for hepatic de novo synthesis (Adair, W. L., Jr., and Keller, R. K. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 8990-8996), we conclude that the contributions of the diet to the liver dolichol pool is negligible. PMID- 6807988 TI - The measurement of IgM immunoglobulin. PMID- 6807989 TI - Production of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin in a bubble column fermentor. PMID- 6807992 TI - Two clinical variants of spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia congenita. AB - Seventeen patients with congenital spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia from six centres in Britain have been investigated and two variants delineated. There is wide clinical and radiological variability in each group with overlap between them, but 12 of the patients had very short stature and grossly disorganised hips with severe coxa vara, and the five remaining patients were less seriously affected with height only a little below the third percentile and only mild coxa vara. Both groups can be diagnosed at birth but the two cannot be differentiated on clinical and radiological grounds until after the age of three to four years when the developing severe coxa vara and difference in stature become apparent. All cases were sporadic with the exception of a concordant twin-pair. PMID- 6807990 TI - Additives to biological substances. II. Relative stabilities of some carbohydrate additives at and around neutral pH values in phosphate buffers and water. PMID- 6807993 TI - Spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia tarda with progressive arthropathy. A "new" disorder of autosomal recessive inheritance. PMID- 6807991 TI - A review of the morphology of Perthes' disease. AB - There are differences of opinion about the pathogenesis of Perthes' disease. All are agreed that it is due to ischaemia, but the cause of this and the size and number of infarctions are in dispute. Through the generosity of the contributors six whole femoral heads and core biopsies of five other cases have been studied radiographically and histologically. The findings ranged from an ischaemic arrest of ossification in the capital articular cartilage without infarction to multiple complete infarctions of the epiphysial bone. The ensuing reparative process contributes to the pathology, which is of a range to warrant grading or grouping. PMID- 6807995 TI - Influence of daily subcutaneous administration of 6-methylprednisolone and oral application of 30% saline solution on tumorigenesis induced in mouse stomach by single application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. PMID- 6807994 TI - Precipitins to an aflatoxin-producing strain of Aspergillus flavus in patients with malignancy. AB - Serum samples from 121 patients in whom malignant disease had been diagnosed, were assayed for precipitins to fungal isolates from leukemia-associated environments. Control sera were from age-, sex-, and race-matched patients with no history of malignant disease. Sera from 36 (30%) malignancy patients and seven (6%) controls yielded a precipitin band to an aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus isolate from a leukemia-associated house (x2 = 222, p less than 0.05%). No significant numbers of precipitins were obtained to either of the other fungal isolates from that and another such house. Although A. fumigatus has frequently been incriminated as a source of infection in patients with malignancy, only 9% of malignancy patients had a precipitin response to it, as did 1.6% of controls. Also, the presence of the precipitins to A. flavus was not connected with past radiation or immunosuppressive therapy. However, among patients with precipitins to A. fumigatus there was a higher death rate in the year following the study. Precipitins to A. flavus may be related to heavy environmental exposure possibly leading to aflatoxin exposure which may contribute to development of malignancy though immunosuppressive effects. PMID- 6807996 TI - Meiosis in Drosophila melanogaster. II. The prometaphase-I kinetochore microtubule bundle and kinetochore orientation in males. AB - Fourteen prometaphase kinetochore microtubule bundles have been examined in electron micrographs of serial sections. The majority (54%) of the microtubules extended from the polar region towards the kinetochore but do not end in the kinetochore proper. Rather, they stop short of the kinetochore (21%), graze the kinetochore (19%), or pass through the kinetochore (9%), displaying a free end distal to the pole. Other microtubules that make up the kinetochore bundle include: kinetochore-to-pole microtubules (24%), chromosome-to-pole microtubules (5%), pieces with two free ends (14%), and those microtubules with one end in the kinetochore and a free end distal to the kinetochore (9%). We conclude that the majority of the microtubules in the kinetochore bundle are most likely of polar origin rather than having been nucleated at the kinetochore. Prometaphase-I kinetochores can display any one of four patterns of microtubule connections with the poles, but the pattern of microtubule connections is not always correlated with kinetochore position. For instance, a kinetochore directly facing one pole may have microtubule connections with both poles while a kinetochore positioned 90 degrees to the spindle axis may have microtubules running towards one pole only. PMID- 6807999 TI - Determination of glyceryl trinitrate in human plasma by gas chromatography- negative ion chemical ionization--selected ion monitoring. AB - A specific, sensitive and accurate quantitation method for glyceryl trinitrate was developed using gas chromatography--negative ion chemical ionization- selected ion monitoring with dichloromethane as a reagent gas. [15N3] and [2H5, 15N3] variants were synthesized from non-labelled or [2H8]glycerol and [15N]nitric acid. The former variant was used for preventing adsorption of glyceryl trinitrate onto active sites on column materials and the latter was used as an internal standard for quantitation of glyceryl trinitrate in biological fluids by selected ion monitoring. The quantitation limit of this method is 0.1 ng/ml of human plasma. When glyceryl trinitrate was administered intravenously in the dose of 4 micrograms/kg to patients receiving hypotensive anesthesia for surgical operation, the plasma levels exhibited a biexponential decay. The mean and standard deviation of half-lives of the alpha and beta phases were found to be about 0.41 +/- 0.13 and 5.34 +/- 1.60 min, respectively. PMID- 6808000 TI - Simultaneous determination of glyceryl trinitrate and its principal metabolites, 1,2- and 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate, in plasma by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-selected ion monitoring. AB - A specific and sensitive method for the quantitation of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) and its principal metabolites, 1,2- and 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate (GDN) in dog plasma by capillary gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-selected ion monitoring using dichloromethane as a reagent gas and the corresponding compounds labelled with stable isotopes as internal standards. The quantitation limits of the method for GTN and the GDNs were 0.1 and 1.0 ng/ml in plasma, respectively. When GTN was administered intravenously to four anaesthetized beagle dogs at a dose of 6 micrograms/kg . min for 30 min, the plasma levels of GTN and 1,2- and 1,3-GDN reached a maximum at the end-point of infusion and decreased with bi-exponential decay. The half-lives of the alpha- and beta-phases were 0.50 and 4.95 for GTN, 8.10 and 40.6 for 1,2-GDN and 8.50 and 48.5 for 1,3 GDN, respectively. PMID- 6807998 TI - The chemical mimicking of the mechanical stimulation, photoinhibition, and recovery from photoinhibition of bioluminescence in marine dinoflagellate, Gonyaulax polyedra. AB - Mechanically stimulable bioluminescence and photoinhibition of sensitivity to mechanical stimulation in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra can be mimicked by a number of cations, proportional to the logarithm of their external concentrations. The data are consistent with mechanical stimulability as a membrane depolarization resulting in an increase in H+ ions at bioluminescence sites and with photoinhibition as a hyperpolarization of the cell membrane. PMID- 6807997 TI - Synthesis and mobilization of flagellar glycoproteins during regeneration in Euglena. AB - Flagellar glycoprotein synthesis and mobilization of flagellar glycoprotein pools have been followed during flagellar regeneration in Euglena. The glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin has little effect on either regeneration kinetics or the complement of flagellar peptides as seen in SDS acrylamide gels, but tunicamycin totally inhibits incorporation of exogenously supplied [14C]xylose into flagellar glycoproteins. Moreover, deflagellated cells pulsed with tunicamycin for 0 min or more, regenerated for 180 min, and then redeflagellated are completely or partially inhibited from undergoing a second regeneration even when tunicamycin is no longer present. These facts are interpreted as indicating that Euglena retains sufficient glycoprotein pool for one complete flagellar assembly. Some of this pool is present on the cell surface since [125I]-labeled surface peptides can be chased into the regenerating flagellum. Glycosylation may also be taking place in the flagellum directly because [14C]xylose has been found in three flagellar fractions: glycoprotein and two others, which are lipophilic and have properties similar to those described for lipid-carrier glycoprotein intermediates in other systems. Pulse-chase experiments also suggest a precursor product relationship between the presumptive lipid carriers and flagellar glycoproteins. From these results a model is postulated in which Euglena is visualized as retaining sufficient pool of glycoprotein for one complete flagellar regeneration, but the pool is normally supplemented by active xylosylation in situ during regeneration. PMID- 6808001 TI - Determination of tocainide in human plasma by gas chromatography with nitrogen selective detection after Schiff base formation. AB - Tocainide is a primary amine with antiarrhythmic properties derived from lidocaine. For biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic purposes an assay was developed that made use of Schiff base formation with methyl isobutyl ketone and gas chromatography with nitrogen-selective detection. The derivatization procedure was performed at 85 C for 10 min, although a longer time at this temperature caused degradation of the product. Of several structural analogues the p-methyl one was the internal standard of choice. The amine was extracted from alkaline samples with dichloromethane and, after evaporation, reconstituted in methyl isobutyl ketone. From plasma the yields were lower than those from aqueous samples but the addition of hydroxylamine 30 min before the extraction process resulted in the same yields. Hydroxylamine probably acts as a competitor for carbonyl groups in the biological sample. In addition to the enhanced yields patients' samples extracted after hydroxylamine treatment were analysed with better precision. With nitrogen-selective detection 500 nmol/l in a 0.5-ml sample could be quantified, which is well below the therapeutic levels. The method compared favourably with a liquid chromatography assay. PMID- 6808002 TI - Seasonal variations in serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels evaluated by periodic regression analyses. AB - Periodic regression analyses have been employed in a study of the variations in serum lipoprotein variables in 12 men during 12 months. The monthly means in the A-II polypeptide (A-II) and apolipoprotein B (apoB) varied significantly with time according to sine curves. Maxima of +5 and +8% from the annual averages were observed for A-II and apoB, respectively, during the winter months, whereas minima of -5 and -8%, respectively, occurred during summer. There were considerable individual differences in amplitude and phase in serum cholesterol, alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), whereas the variations in monthly means of the whole group were not significant. Storage of sera at -85 degrees C for 1 yr seems not to have influenced the results of determinations of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, apoA-I, and A-II, but may have caused differences observed in apoB between the two months of May 1978 and 1979. PMID- 6808003 TI - Thyroid function and chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis: peripheral conversion of thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and pituitary-thyroid relationship. AB - The relationship between chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiaisis (CHES) and circulating thyroid hormones as well as the TSH response to TRH were investigated in 41 hospitalized CHES patients and compared to those in 11 patients with non CHES cirrhosis with severe hepatic failure. CHES patients were subdivided into 3 groups depending on the severity of parenchymal dysfunction, based upon a composite clinical and laboratory index. Angiographic and hemodynamic studies of CHES patients revealed altered hepatic arteriograms, suggesting a decreased arterial blood flow associated with an increased venous blood flow from the portal system. A significantly reduced serum concentration of total T4 (but not free T4) was only found in the cirrhotic patients. Compared to CHES groups I and II, CHES group III patients and the non-CHES cirrhotics had significantly lower mean serum T3 levels of 80 +/- 12 and 52 +/- 8 ng/dl, respectively. The serum rT3 concentration was elevated (69 +/- 6.2 ng/dl) only in the cirrhotic patients. Both basal and peak TSH levels after TRH were within the normal range for all 4 groups of patients. The basal (40.7 +/- 8.3 ng/ml) and peak (85.5 +/- 13.7 ng/ml) serum PRL levels T4-binding globulin after TRH administration were only elevated in the cirrhotic group. Although the mean T4-binding globulin values were lower in CHES group III (17.5 +/- 3.2 micrograms/ml) and in the non-CHES cirrhotic group (18.3 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml) compared to those in groups I (21.8 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml) and II (20.4 +/- 2.3 micrograms/ml), the differences between groups were not statistically significant. It was concluded that hemodynamic changes without parenchymal failure have little, if any, effect on the hepatic T4 5'-monodeiodination to T3, and that the low T3 and high rT3 state does not modify the pituitary secretion of TSH, presumably by a local (at the thyrotroph level) normal conversion of T4 to T3, even at very low peripheral T3 concentrations. PMID- 6808004 TI - Increased insulin binding to erythrocytes in diabetic ketoacidosis: normalization with insulin therapy. AB - We studied insulin binding to erythrocytes in eight male type I diabetic patients in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) before and 24 h and 5 days after low dose insulin treatment. Mean specific [125I]insulin binding in DKA (mean +/- SEM, 13.3 +/- 0.6%) was significantly higher than values 24 h and 5 days after treatment (10.7 +/- 0.7% and 9.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively; P less than 0.001). These values after treatment were similar to those of 15 age-matched normal males (10.5 +/- 0.4%) and 6 controlled type I diabetic patients (10.1 +/- 0.7%). The affinity constant (Ka = 2.26 +/- 0.12 10(9) M-1) was significantly higher in DKA patients than in normal subjects (1.75 +/- 0.15 10(9) M-1) or type I controlled diabetics (1.55 +/ 0.15 10(9) M-1; P less than 0.01). Insulin binding correlated inversely with arterial pH (r = -0.80; P less than 0.001; n = 8). These results indicate an increase in specific [125I]insulin binding to erythrocytes in DKA, which is due to elevated receptor affinity (but not receptor numbers) and is reversible with treatment. PMID- 6808006 TI - Serum lipids and apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and B in hyperthyroidism before and after treatment. AB - The serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (RG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDLc), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDLc), and the apolipoproteins (apo) A-I, A-II, and B were measured in 33 hyperthyroid patients before and after treatment. The results were compared with those of healthy controls. Apo A-I, A-II, and B were assayed by immunonephelometry. The serum levels of TC (mean +/- SD, 167 +/- 36 mg/dl, HDLc (40.8 +/- 12 mg/dl), and LDLc (108 +/- 35 mg/dl) were decreased in the untreated hyperthyroid patients compared to both the values after treatment (TC: 215 +/- 54 mg/dl; P less than 0.001; HDLc: 52 +/- 14 mg/dl; P less than 0.001; LDLc: 146 +/- 47 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) and the control values (TC: 206 + 39 mg/dl; P less than 0.001; HDLc: 47.4 +/- 10 mg/dl; P les than 0.01; LDLc: 145 +/- 38 mg/dl; P less than 0.001). TG levels were not statistically different before and after treatment. The apo A-I concentrations (116 +/- 24 mg/dl) were lower before than after treatment (131 +/- 28 mg/dl; P less than 0.01), but they were not statistically different from those in the control group (115 +/- 19 mg/dl). The apo A-II levels were identical in all groups (before treatment, 35 +/- 7 mg/dl; after treatment, 37 +/- 9 mg/dl; control group, 36 +/- 9 mg/dl). The apo B levels were lower in the untreated hyperthyroid patients (86 +/- 23 mg/dl) compared to those in controls (103 +/- 19 mg/dl; P less than 0.001) and patients after therapy (103 +/- 25 mg/dl; P less than 0.001). The increase in HDLc relative to the major HDL apo A-I and A-II during treatment for hyperthyroidism was associated with changes in body weight. The apo A-I to apo A-II and LDLc to apo B ratios, however, were significantly lower before compared to those after treatment, when the influence of increasing body weight during therapy was accounted for. This study emphasizes the important regulating role of thyroid hormones on lipid and apolipoprotein metabolism. PMID- 6808005 TI - Pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone in children. AB - The gonadotropin secretory patterns of 22 sexually immature children were analyzed in detail to determine whether pulsatile secretion occurs before the onset of puberty. Eight endocrinologically normal children, 13 children with isolated GH deficiency, and 1 girl with 45X gonadal dysgenesis were divided into 2 groups according to bone age. Group A children had bone ages less than 10 yr, and group B had bone ages between 10-11.5 yr. Blood samples were drawn every 20 min for periods of 3-11 h during both the day and night; in addition, 12-h urine collections were made for gonadotropin determinations. Mean nocturnal concentrations of LH and FSH were significantly greater than daytime values in 8 of 15 and 5 of 15 children in group A and in 6 of 7 and 1 of 7 in group B, respectively. Nocturnal urinary excretion of LH and FSH was significantly greater in group A children. Eight children in group A, including 4 whose bone ages were less than 5 yr, and 4 group B children had discernible LH pulses. LH pulses were detected during the day and night in both groups. LH pulse amplitude was greater during the night in both groups, but was greatest in group B (A, 1.9 +/- 0.2 mIU/ml; B, 3.0 +/- 0.3 mIU/ml). In children who demonstrated pulsatile secretion, LH pulse frequency appeared to be similar during the day and night and was slightly faster in the older children (A, every 3 h; B, every 2 h). These studies demonstrated that LH is secreted in a pulsatile manner well before the onset of puberty. Furthermore, the gonadotropin secretory pattern characteristic of early puberty results from the amplification of an already existing circadian pattern of gonadotropin secretion. PMID- 6808007 TI - Antisera to porcine follicular fluid in monkeys: neutralization of human and pig inhibin activity in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6808008 TI - Episodic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and the response of LH and follicle stimulating hormone to LH-releasing hormone in aged men: evidence for coexistent primary testicular insufficiency and an impairment in gonadotropin secretion. AB - The influence of aging on episodic LH secretion and the release of LH and FSH after LRH administration was studied in 14 healthy men, aged 65-80 yr. Mean morning serum testosterone levels were reduced by 16% (P less than 0.05) and serum LH and FSH concentrations were increased by nearly 2- and 3-fold, respectively (P less than 0.01), compared to levels in young men. LH secretory episodes were evident and did not differ significantly in either amplitude or frequency from those of young men in spite of the higher mean LH concentrations. The increments in serum LH and FSH levels after LRH and the areas under the response curves were similar in aged and young men. However, the time of the peak LH response was significantly delayed with aging (P less than 0.001), suggesting an alteration in the control of the releasable LH pool. Further, LH levels were slower to fall after the peak in elderly men (P less than 0.01), suggesting prolonged secretion of hormone after LRH stimulation. These changes did not relate to the basal hypersecretion of LH in elderly men, as the responses in young men with primary gonadal failure did not differ from those in healthy young men (P = NS). The possibility that increased LH molecular size leads to its reduced clearance was not supported by the similar Sephadex G-100 elution profiles for LH in both basal and post-LRH sera from young and old men. Our data indicate that Leydig cell function is impaired in healthy elderly men as a result of primary testicular insufficiency. These studies further reveal the presence of an additional hypothalamic-pituitary disorder of gonadotropin secretion associated with the aging process. PMID- 6808009 TI - [Purification and characterization of intestinal lactases in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808010 TI - Indirect hemagglutination test that uses glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes sensitized with extract antigens for detection of Pasteurella antibody. AB - Glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes (GA-SRBC) were used in the indirect hemagglutination test for the detection of Pasteurella antibody. GA-SRBC were stable for at least 6 months. Heat extract or potassium thiocyanate extract antigens of Pasteurella strains could be adsorbed onto GA-SRBC or tanned GA-SRBC, respectively. The indirect hemagglutination test reaction was capsular group specific with heat extract antigen-sensitized GA-SRBC but not potassium thiocyanate extract antigen-sensitized tanned GA-SRBC. PMID- 6808015 TI - Comparison of recovery of organisms from blood cultures diluted 10% (volume/volume) and 20% (volume/volume). AB - We compared blood cultures that were diluted 1:5 (20%, vol/vol) and 1:10 (10%, vol/vol) and contained specimens from patients with suspected septicemia. Streptococcus pneumoniae was recovered significantly more frequently from blood cultures diluted 20%, whereas gram-negative bacilli, group D streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida spp. were recovered significantly sooner and more frequently from blood cultures diluted 10%. Statistically significant differences in isolation rates, however, represented only a small number of patients for whom the positive cultures affected therapy. We conclude that as long as at least two separate sets of blood cultures are obtained per septic episode from each patient, a 1:5 to 1:10 blood/vented (aerobic) medium ratio provides acceptable results. Nevertheless, the results also demonstrate that blood cultures diluted 10% provided greater and faster yields than those provided by blood cultures diluted 20%. PMID- 6808014 TI - Microtube coagulase test for detection of coagulase-positive staphylococci. AB - Studies were performed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of a new microtube method for the detection of coagulase production by Staphylococcus aureus. Rabbit plasma containing EDTA was added to and lyophilized in API microtubes. Two standard coagulase plasmas containing EDTA were used in the conventional macrotube test and served as a basis for comparison. No false positive or false-negative reactions were encountered with the microtube system. With this system, 53% of the coagulase-positive strains tested were detected within 1 h after inoculation, 82% were detected after 2 h, 97% were detected after 3 h, and 99% were detected after 4 h. With the first conventional method, 45, 81, 96, and 98% of the positive strains were detected in 1, 2, 3, and 4 h, respectively, whereas with the second conventional method, only 6% of the positive strains were detected in 1 h, 24% in 2 h, 66% in 3 h, and 81% in 4 h. With the microtube method, 5 of the 139 coagulase-producing strains studied reverted to negative between 5 and 24 h after inoculation, whereas 9 reverted with the more rapid conventional method, and no reversions occurred with the second conventional method. All reversions involved strains which caused gelation of plasma within 1 h after inoculation. The data obtained showed that 99% of the coagulase-positive strains tested could be detected within 4 h by the microtube method. In addition, the microtube method offers a more convenient and economical format for the performance of the coagulase tube test. PMID- 6808011 TI - Comparison of different tobramycin assays. AB - Three commercial available tobramycin assays, the fluorescent immunoassay (AMES), the Diagnostic Products Corp. radioimmunoassay, and the Nuclear Medical System radioimmunoassay, were compared with the microbiological assay and the chemical assay involving high-performance liquid chromatography. The results obtained with each assay were evaluated in terms of usefulness, reproducibility, and cost effectiveness. PMID- 6808013 TI - Laboratory diagnosis of gonococcal infection by genetic transformation. AB - The transformation test for the detection of infection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been examined using pro gonococci as recipients and DNA preparations from 912 clinical isolates and from 240 direct swab specimens as donors. The reliability of the method was checked with DNA from clinical isolates; 82% of the N. meningitidis from throat swab specimens were capable of transforming the gonococcal recipients, but after identification of the meningococcus by the aminopeptidase profile, the transformation test was then 99.5% positive for the gonococcus with virtually no false-positives. The only other organism to give a positive reaction was N. lactamica, which occurred once in 912 specimens. When applied directly to swab specimens, the reliability of the test was reduced, but this may have been related to variability of the specimen itself. However, 7 of 15 specimens which were microscopically suspected to be gonococci but unculturable were positive; also, 9 out of 38 unculturable specimens that were not even suspected to be gonococci were positive. Hence the test was able to identify the presence of gonococci that were unculturable. The aminopeptidase activities were not sensitive enough to be detected in the direct swab specimens, and neither cys nor leu auxotrophs were suitable as recipients to give a differentiation between N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. Evidence was obtained which would support the proposition that the transfer of genetic material between N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis may occur. PMID- 6808012 TI - Analysis of the disagreement between automated bioluminescence-based and culture methods for detecting significant bacteriuria, with proposals for standardizing evaluations of bacteriuria detection methods. AB - A fully automated method for detecting significant bacteriuria is described which uses firefly luciferin and luciferase to detect bacterial ATP in urine. The automated method was calibrated and evaluated, using 308 urine specimens, against two reference culture methods. We obtained a specificity of 0.79 and sensitivity of 0.75 using a quantitative pour plate reference test and a specificity of 0.79 and a sensitivity of 0.90 using a semiquantitative standard loop reference test. The majority of specimens negative by the automated test but positive by the pour plate reference test were specimens which grew several bacterial species. We suggest that such disagreement was most likely for urine containing around 10(5) colony-forming units per ml (the culture threshold of positivity) and that these specimens were ones contaminated by urethral or vaginal flora. We propose standard procedures for calibrating and evaluating rapid or automated methods for the detection of significant bacteriuria and have analyzed our results using these procedures. We recommend that identical analyses should be reported for other evaluations of bacteriuria detection methods. PMID- 6808016 TI - Culture medium for confirmation of penicillin-resistant and penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A culture method for the isolation and identification of penicillinase (beta lactamase)-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) was evaluated in the Philippines where PPNG are common. The method uses plastic biplates containing standard Martin-Lewis gonorrhea culture medium in one side of the biplate and PPNG-selective medium containing 1.5 microgram of penicillin G per ml and a suspension of Sarcina lutea (Micrococcus lutea) that was susceptible to 0.01 microgram of penicillin G per ml in the other side. Penicillin-resistant gonococci grow on both sides of the biplate. The hydrolysis of penicillin by beta lactamase permits the growth of S. lutea around PPNG colonies. With this medium we successfully identified 11 of 12 PPNG strains growing on primary isolation plates. A 48- to 72-h incubation period was needed, however, for visible growth of S. lutea around PPNG colonies. A unique advantage of this method was the identification of non-PPNG strains which also grew on penicillin-containing medium but did not allow growth of S. lutea. These relatively penicillin resistant strains were the cause of infections which were not cured by penicillin treatment in 2 of 11 patients. PMID- 6808017 TI - Plesiomonas shigelloides overgrowth in the small intestine. AB - An 83-year-old male presented with chronic diarrhea and protein malnutrition associated with Plesiomonas shigelloides overgrowth in the small intestine. This overgrowth was related to achlorhydria and small-bowel diverticula. Tests for heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin were negative on the P. shigelloides isolated from both the small bowel aspirate (3 x 10(8) bacteria per ml) and the patient's stool. The patient responded satisfactorily to tetracycline, to which this unusual isolate was susceptible in vitro. The ability to correctly identify and determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of P. shigelloides in the setting of small-bowel overgrowth will help determine appropriate therapy. PMID- 6808018 TI - Nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis. AB - We studied the nutritional and metabolic features of Eubacterium suis, an anaerobic animal pathogen that causes cystitis and pyelonephritis in pigs. Peptone-yeast extract-starch (PYS) medium, which contained Trypticase (BBL Microbiology Systems), yeast extract, starch, minerals, cysteine, and sodium carbonate, was shown to support excellent growth of this organism (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.8). Growth was considerably less (absorbance at 600 nm = 0.6) when the starch in the medium was replaced by maltose. Formate, acetate, and ethanol were the major products of fermentation of starch or maltose. The organism appears to require a fermentable carbohydrate for growth since the deletion of starch from PYS resulted in a negligible amount of growth. Growth decreased by approximately 20% when CO2 was rigorously excluded from PYS minus Na2CO3. The deletion of only yeast extract from PYS resulted in a decrease in growth of about 75%, and the simultaneous deletion of both yeast extract and Trypticase resulted in negligible growth. When the yeast extract in PYS was replaced by a defined mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases, vitamins, and amino acids, growth was greater than or equal to 80% that observed in PYS. The deletion of Trypticase from this medium resulted in no detectable growth, suggesting a possible peptide requirement for E. suis growth. Good growth (absorbance at 600 nm = 1.4) was obtained when adenine and uracil were substituted for the mixture of purine and pyrimidine bases in modified PYS; the substitution of pyridoxal, riboflavin, and nicotinic acid for the vitamin mixture gave comparable growth. The nutritional requirement of E. suis apparently reflect the fact that the organism adapts to its natural niche by doing away with certain biosynthetic capabilities which it does not seem to require. PMID- 6808020 TI - Identification of viridans streptococci isolated from clinical specimens. AB - Of 532 strains of viridans streptococci isolated from clinical specimens, 517 were identified by using a scheme based on the work of Facklam (R. R. Facklam, J. Clin. Microbiol. 5:184-201, 1977). The strains were distributed among nine of the species described by Facklam and an additional group of physiologically homogeneous streptococci not recognized in Facklam's scheme. The method for identification involves a battery of 10 tests that employ both conventional media and commercially prepared disks. The identification of most of the isolates was accomplished within 48 h. PMID- 6808021 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa: changes in antibiotic susceptibility, enzymatic activity, and antigenicity among colonial morphotypes. AB - Colonial variants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have received renewed interest because of their occurrence in sputum cultures of patients with cystic fibrosis. We encountered 11 strains of P. aeruginosa from various body sites of non-cystic fibrosis patients. The strains showed two to three colonial variants, including smooth, rough, and iridescent morphotypes that arose from subculture of a single colony of P. aeruginosa originating from a primary source. The colonial segregants differed in antibiotic susceptibility (resistance to gentamicin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline), presence or absence of exoenzymes (gelatinase and elastase), degree of proteolytic activity (caseinase), pigmentation, and antigenicity. These observations suggest that in vivo dissociation with concomitant changes in enzymatic and surface properties might greatly enhance invasiveness. Concurrent differences in antimicrobial susceptibility among the colonial variants could account in some instances for the failure of antibiotic treatment in P. aeruginosa infections in which one would anticipate a positive therapeutic response. PMID- 6808019 TI - Anaerobic survival of clinical isolates and laboratory strains of Neisseria gonorrhoea: use in transfer and storage. AB - Eleven laboratory strains and 67 clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were tested for the ability to survive during anaerobic incubation. The survival of the laboratory strains was dependent on auxotype, temperature, and cell density on agar plates. For both the laboratory strains and the clinical isolates, anaerobic survival was better at lower temperatures. We concluded that anaerobic incubation, for as long as 7 days, is useful when transporting or storing N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6808022 TI - Technique for extracting niacin from Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultured on 7H-10 and 7H-11 agars. AB - Niacin extractions from M. tuberculosis growing on 7H-10 or 7H-11 agar base medium yield consistent results when performed at 37 degrees C for 2 h. The technique does not require any modification of the media formulation. PMID- 6808024 TI - Light chain composition of CSF oligoclonal IgG bands in multiple sclerosis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. AB - The light chain composition of MS and SSPE CSF oligoclonal IgG bands was examined using isoelectric focusing and a sensitive peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining technique specific for gamma heavy chains (gamma), kappa light chains (k), or lambda light chains (lambda) and a radioimmunoassay (RIA) for gamma, k or lambda. Many bands in the 7 MS and 4SSPE CSF examined were monoclonal, staining for either IgG-k or IgG-lambda. By staining, all MS CSF were k predominant; SSPE CSF were variously k or lambda predominant. RIA confirmed the k predominance of MS CSF. Three MS and 2 SSPE CSF contained bands staining for lambda alone, i.e. free light chains. Analysis of RIA data confirmed these findings in 2 MS cases. The difference in light chain predominance of MS and SSPE CSF may reflect differences in the antigenic target, or the age of patient at the time when band synthesizing clones are triggered. Six of 7 MS and all 4 SSPE CSF contained oligoclonal bands staining for gamma and for both kappa and lambda, probably representing artifacts of IEF. No predominant immunochemical differences between bands in MS and SSPE were detected. PMID- 6808023 TI - Interaction between plant agglutinins and Legionella species. AB - Serogroups of Legionella pneumophila exhibited differential reactivities with plant agglutinin. Agglutination patterns were modified by growing the organisms in different media. The passage of four strains through guinea pigs did not result in altered reactivities with lectins or with plant agglutinins. PMID- 6808026 TI - Analysis of speckled fluorescent antinuclear antibody test antisera using electrofocused nuclear antigens. AB - Antibodies to different components of the extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) have been thought to be serological markers for clinical subsets of rheumatic diseases. However, incomplete characterization and standardization of antigenic components such as ribonucleoprotein (RNP), Sm, and SS-B (Ha), and the multiplicity of autoantibodies produced by different patients have confounded correlations between autoantibody specificity and disease subsets. This study describes the preparative separation of the antigens Sm, RNP, and Ss-B (Ha) by electrofocusing and their use in a rocket electrophoretic assay that in one step identifies and quantifies the multiple reactivities of patient sera exhibiting the speckled FANA pattern. Preparative electrofocusing generates milligram quantities of these antigens with retention of their immunologic and biochemical characteristics, facilitating further study of their biological properties and relationships to disease subsets. PMID- 6808025 TI - Identification of bacterial antigens in circulating immune complexes of infective endocarditis. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes (IC) in patients with infective endocarditis has been well documented but the contributions of host and bacterial components to these IC have not been defined. To study this question, IC were isolated from serum of a patient with Streptococcus faecalis endocarditis by differential polyethylene glycol precipitation and competitive binding to staphylococcal protein A. A rabbit antiserum raised against the purified IC had reactivity by crossed immunoelectrophoresis primarily with an antigen derived from the cytoplasm of the infective organism. The antigen was a protein with a 12,000-dalton molecular mass. In situ radiolabeling of the IC bound to the protein A demonstrated a component of the same molecular mass as the bacterial antigen recognized by the antiserum. The patient serum had multiple antibody specificities reactive with bacterial antigens, including the antigen recognized by the rabbit anti-IC antiserum. These techniques for isolation and characterization of circulating IC may have value in the study of IC diseases in which the inciting antigens are not known. PMID- 6808027 TI - Bence Jones proteins and light chains of immunoglobulins. Preferential association of the V lambda VI subgroup of human light chains with amyloidosis AL (lambda). AB - An antiserum prepared against a lambda-Bence Jones protein from a patient (SUT) who had multiple myeloma and amyloidosis had specificity for lambda-light chains of the chemically defined variable (V) region lambda-chain subgroup lambda VI. Sequence analyses of protein SUT and of five other lambda-light chains recognized immunologically as of the V lambda VI subgroup revealed that all six proteins had the N-terminal sequence characteristic for prototype lambda VI proteins. The isotypic nature of the V lambda VI subgroup was demonstrated immunochemically: lambda VI molecules were detected among light chains isolated from the IgG proteins of each of 12 normal individuals and lambda VI antigenic determinants were also detectable on the intact IgG proteins. The frequency of lambda VI molecules among lambda-type light chains is estimated to be approximately 5% based on the finding that 5 of 91 lambda Bence Jones proteins were of the V lambda VI subgroup. Proteins of the V lambda VI subgroup, in contrast to those of the other five chemically-classified lambda chain subgroup, appear to be preferentially associated with the amyloid process as evidenced by the fact that all six lambda VI proteins were obtained from patients with amyloidosis AL and, in addition, 5 of 42 lambda-type monoclonal immunoglobulins from patients with primary or myeloma-associated amyloidosis were classified by immunodiffusion analyses as having lambda VI-type light chains. PMID- 6808029 TI - Partition coefficients of some aromatic alcohols in an n-heptane/water system and their relationship to minimum inhibitory concentration against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The partition coefficients of the homologous series of aromatic alcohols were determined in an n-heptane/water system. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, 3-phenylpropanol, 4-phenylbutanol and 5 phenylpentanol were elucidated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The linear relationship log1/C = a log P + b postulated by Hansch was found to apply. PMID- 6808030 TI - The morphology and connections of the posterior hypothalamus in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). I. Cytoarchitectonic organization. AB - The cytoarchitectonic organization of the posterior hypothalamus of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) was analyzed in Nissl, Golgi, acetylcholinesterase, and reduced silver preparations. The region consists of a number of cell masses that differ considerably in their discreteness and in the homogeneity of their neuronal populations. The nuclei identified include: the medial mamillary nucleus (in which at least three distinct subdivisions can be recognized--a pars medialis, a pars lateralis, and a pars basalis); the small celled nucleus intercalatus; the large-celled lateral mamillary nucleus; a single premamillary nucleus; the tuberomamillary nucleus; the posterior hypothalamic nucleus; the caudal extension of the lateral hypothalamic area; the supramamillary area; and the paramamillary nucleus (which appears to correspond to the nucleus of the ansa lenticularis of other workers). As a basis for the subsequent experimental study of the efferent connections of the posterior hypothalamus, the location of each of these cell masses is described and illustrated in a series of low-power photomicrographs, as are the form and distribution of the resident neuronal populations of the various components of the mamillary complex as seen in Golgi preparations. PMID- 6808028 TI - Human lymphocytes with either the OKT4 or OKT8 phenotype produce interleukin 2 in culture. AB - In this study, we demonstrate that both highly purified T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes can produce substantial amounts of Interleukin 2(IL 2) when stimulated with the combination of concanavalin A (Con A) and phorbol myristate acetate. Furthermore, addition of IL 1 to macrophage-depleted T lymphocytes significantly increased IL 2 production by lymphocytes of either the T4+ or T8+ phenotype. These findings provide a basis for further studies of the molecular mechanisms involved in human immune cell interactions. PMID- 6808031 TI - The morphology and connections of the posterior hypothalamus in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). II. Efferent connections. AB - The efferent connections of the posterior hypothalamus have been analyzed autoradiographically in a series of eight cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) brains with injections of 3H-amino acids in different regions of the mamillary complex and the surrounding areas. The medial mamillary nucleus was found to project through the mamillothalamic tract to the ipsilateral anteroventral, anteromedial, and interanteromedial nuclei, and by way of the mamillotegmental tract principally to the deep tegmental nucleus (of Gudden). It also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle, some of which reach as far rostrally as the medial septal nucleus. The lateral mamillary nucleus projects through the mamillothalamic tract bilaterally upon the anterodorsal nuclei of the thalamus, and through the mamillotegmental system to the dorsal tegmental nucleus; it also appears to contribute fibers to the medial forebrain bundle. The supramamillary area has extensive ascending and descending connections that are distributed with the medial forebrain bundle to the hypothalamus and rostral midbrain; in addition, it gives rise to an unusually well-defined projection to field CA2 of the hippocampus and to a narrow zone overlying the outer part of the granule cell layer and the adjoining part of the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. We have not been able to distinguish the connections of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus from those of the caudal part of the lateral hypothalamic area: they both appear to contribute substantially to the ascending components of the medial forebrain bundle, and through its descending projection to the tegmental fields of the midbrain, the nucleus centralis superior of the raphe complex, the locus coeruleus, and the central gray as far caudally as the facial nerve. Their further projections to the spinal cord were not examined. Viewed broadly, and in the light of previous work, our observations confirm, once again, the constancy of the connections of the hypothalamus in the mammalian brain, and the pivotal position that the posterior hypothalamus occupies in the elaborate system of connections that links the limbic areas of the forebrain with the complex of structures that Nauta has aptly designated the "midbrain limbic region." PMID- 6808032 TI - Central excitation in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). AB - The probability of proboscis extension to a water posttest is increased by prior sucrose stimulation. This phenomenon, termed the central excitatory state (CES), first described in Phormia regina, has now been characterized in Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila's CES (a) decays over time and (b) is a function of sucrose concentration. THe test for CES also measures water responsiveness, a component of proboscis extension operationally independent of CES. Control experiments confirmed that CES-dependent proboscis extension is not an artifact due to restimulation of sucrose residues and that the neural junctures involved are centrally located. PMID- 6808033 TI - A statistical study of the steady state technique for measuring regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation using 15O. AB - Regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen utilisation can be measured using positron emission tomography and the continuous inhalation of 15O-labelled carbon dioxide and molecular oxygen. However, there is concern about the propagation of errors in this technique. This arises from statistical uncertainties, inherent in the transmission and emission scans, being amplified in the steady state model used for calculating the physiological parameters. The magnitude of this effect has been studied using a series of repeat transmission and emission phantom measurements in which pixel count densities equivalent to those seen in the clinical data were recorded. These measurements have been used to determine the final propagated errors that occur in the calculated values of regional cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction fraction, and oxygen utilisation rate. PMID- 6808034 TI - Ventricular dilatation in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6808036 TI - Learners and course goal congruence: impact on learning outcomes. PMID- 6808035 TI - Meeting objectives through planned seating design. PMID- 6808038 TI - Methods of teaching - revisited the lecture. PMID- 6808037 TI - Nursing service standards as context for self-assessment. PMID- 6808039 TI - Is now the time for you to consider accreditation/approval for your continuing education program? PMID- 6808040 TI - Teaching Models: a conceptual analysis for nursing. PMID- 6808042 TI - Increasing cost-effectiveness in obesity treatment through use of self-help behavioral manuals and decreased therapist contact. PMID- 6808046 TI - Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and double immunodiffusion test for the detection and quantitation of antibodies in farmer's lung disease. PMID- 6808041 TI - Chemical composition of sheep bones as influenced by molybdenum supplementation. AB - Two corn silage diets containing .4 and 10 to 12 ppm molybdenum (dry matter) were fed ad libitum to two groups of six crossbred wethers each. Wethers were kept on these diets for 7 mo, and at slaughter various bones of front legs were dissected. Wethers fed added molybdenum had more molybdenum and zinc in bones than controls. Greater concentration was in the later ossifying portion of the bone than in the more mature areas. Copper, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium, and total ash of sheep bones were unaffected by dietary molybdenum. The compact shaft contained more ash, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium than the proximal and distal part of the bone. No differences were significant in nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and uronic acid contents of the various bones between the two diets. Site of bone sampling, however, influenced organic composition of bones. Nitrogen concentration was greater at proximal and distal ends of bone than in the shaft. Carbon dioxide varied similarly but in a reciprocal fashion. PMID- 6808044 TI - [Formation of lytic enzymes by actinomycetes]. PMID- 6808045 TI - A capillary gas-liquid chromatographic method for determination of ethylenethiourea and prophylenethiourea in hops, beer, and grapes. PMID- 6808047 TI - Neurologic sequelae following the imported fire ant sting. AB - Four cases are described in which neurologic disturbances are the presenting symptoms after the imported fire ant (IFA) sting. The neurologic sequelae include focal motor and grand mal seizures and a mononeuropathy. The possible pathogenesis of these disorders is discussed. PMID- 6808049 TI - Acute-care hospitalizations and long-term care: an examination of transfers. AB - A Long-term Care Program was introduced throughout British Columbia, Canada, on January 1, 1978. This comprehensive community-based program emphasizes home care. A longitudinal study was started of all persons (N = 3518) admitted to the program that year in two health districts, one urban and one semirural. An examination of the relationship between acute-care hospitalization and long-term care (LTC) involved determining (1) the number of admissions (N = 364) to LTC directly from acute-care settings versus the number (N = 1287) entering directly from the community, (2) the number of LTC persons who were hospitalized at least once in the first 12 months after admission to LTC, and (3) the outcomes of these hospitalizations. Persons from the urban area who entered the LTC Program from an acute-care hospital were much more likely to be institutionalized than were those from the semirural area. In the LTC facility group, 388 persons (19.9 per cent) experienced at least one acute-care hospitalization during the first year of the program. More than 50 per cent of those transferred to an acute-care hospital for the first time returned to the same location and level of care afterward; 14 per cent died. These descriptive analyses may be of interest to health-care planners and to those who care for the LTC elderly either at home or in a facility. PMID- 6808048 TI - Response of nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia (NARES) syndrome to 4% cromoly sodium nasal solution. PMID- 6808050 TI - Approaches to lateral ankle repair: recurrent ankle sprains. PMID- 6808043 TI - Laser surgery in the medically compromised patient. AB - Dermatology has entered a new dimension with the introduction of the laser. There are expanding clinical indications for laser excision. The CO2 laser in the cutting mode can incise tissue as sharply as finely honed steel, yet its photocoagulative properties allow rapid sealing of blood vessels and lymphatics. The physician can thereby perform in a relatively bloodless surgical field. Minimal adjacent normal tissue is injured, there is less local postoperative edema, and fewer postoperative analgesics are required. Since there is no need to use epinephrine as a local vasoconstrictive agent and there is no need to use electrocoagulation for control of hemorrhage, CO2 laser excision presents less risk to the medically compromised patient. The CO2 laser may also diminish the risk of seeding or spreading neoplastic cells in the perioperative field. PMID- 6808051 TI - Familial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency detected in a pilot screening program for congenital hypothyroidism. AB - During a pilot screening program for congenital hypothyroidism, performed in Italy over a three years period on 38,000 newborns, seven cases (1/5,400) of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency, have been detected. None of these infants was affected by any pathology or had been treated with drugs which could explain TBG deficiency as an acquired condition. Familial studies pointed out that the transmission of the defect is consistent or compatible with X-chromosome linkage. PMID- 6808052 TI - Muscarinic receptor blockade by pirenzepine: effect on prolactin secretion in man. AB - The effect of pirenzepine, a muscarinic receptor blocker which does not cross the blood brain barrier, on basal and TRH-stimulated prolactin (PRL) secretion in normal subjects was studied. Administration of 75 mg oral pirenzepine had no effects on prolactin levels in male subjects whereas it significantly reduced prolactin in females. No effect on TRH induced prolactin secretion was observed. PMID- 6808053 TI - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis associated with acute viral hepatitis. AB - Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) occurs most frequently in patients with cirrhosis and preexistent ascites; SBP has not been previously recognized in association with acute liver disease. We report two patients with acute hepatitis B infection who developed SBP. Patient 1 had Streptococcus pneumoniae peritonitis and bacteremia, but did not have ascites until after the peritoneal infection was evident. Subsequent liver biopsy and follow-up studies confirmed the clinical diagnosis of acute hepatitis. Patient 2 had submassive hepatic necrosis due to hepatitis B and developed ascites before Streptococcus fecalis SBP. Although the association of SBP with acute hepatic injury is rare, these two patients illustrate that the syndrome of SBP does occur with acute liver disease. PMID- 6808054 TI - Brain clathrin complex: II. Immunofluorescent correlation and biochemical affinity for actin. AB - The interaction of clathrin with cytoskeletal proteins was studied cytochemically by immunofluorescent staining and biochemically by the binding of actin to clathrin on the surfaces of polystyrene particles. Using a cytoskeletal disrupting agent, the linear arrangement of clathrin lattices along actin fibers was altered. As a result of cell retraction, the fluorescent dots of clathrin redistributed, conforming to the new cellular shape. Cytoplasmic areas, largely devoid of fluorescent dots, were observed at the cell's periphery. In vitro, the native clathrin complex (clathrin plus clathrin-associated proteins (CAPs)) bound up to 1 mol of actin, but when the clathrin polypeptide was separated from accompanying proteins it bound up to 2 mol of actin from solution. It appears that clathrin's molecular lattices have an affinity for arrays of actin microfilaments, following them closely, and that clathrin lattices display lateral mobility during cytoplasmic reorganization. PMID- 6808056 TI - Rapid single-tube confirmatory test for Escherichia coli. AB - A single-tube confirmatory test that allows a result to be obtained in 4 h has been developed from the single-tube confirmatory test recomended by the Joint Committee of the Public Health Laboratory Service and the Standing Committee of Analysts (PHLS/SCA, 1980). A variety of river, lake and reservoir samples were examined for the presence of E. coli using either most probable number (MPN) or membrane filtration (MF) technique, and the PHLS/SCA recommended confirmatory medium (LTMB) was evaluated against traditional methods. To improve the performance of LTMB, the medium was modified and this modified medium when used in 0.1 ml volumes and incubated for 4 h at 44 degrees C provided 99% agreement with traditional methods. PMID- 6808055 TI - Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis in family members of patients with meningococcal infection. AB - The aim of the study was first, to determine the prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis among the family members living with patients suffering from meningococcal infections, and second, to ascertain the distribution among these family members of strains epidemiologically related to those isolated from patients. Forty-two family groups were studied and 135 nasopharyngeal samples were taken from family members living with patients. Twenty family groups were found to contain meningococcal carriers, and of these 20, 13 contained a carrier of the strain that caused the infection (65%). Among the family members who were carriers, the mother and father most frequently yielded the strain which caused the illness. The serotypes most frequently encountered both in patients and carriers were 2 and 8, as well as nontypable strains. The polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns (PAGE) most frequently found were II and IV. A notable feature of the study is the high resistance of the strains to sulphadiazine, since more than 90% of the strains found in patients and more than 75% of those from carriers possessed a minimum inhibitory concentration greater than or equal to 10 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6808057 TI - Hand carriage of aerobic gram-negative rods may not be transient. AB - In order to determine whether hand carriage of aerobic Gram-negative rods is continuous we used the glove-handwash technique to sample the hands of two groups (four each) of health care workers with normal hands (surgical intensive care unit, medical ward) and one group (four) with hand dermatitis (HD) and a group (five) of control subjects -- secretaries with no exposure to patients. Each subject was sampled repeatedly over three to six weeks. The mean number of samples for each group was 25.2, 23.2, 19.8 and 25.8 respectively. The HD group had more samples positive for aerobic Gram-negative rods than did the other two groups of health care workers while the control group had more samples positive than any of the three health care groups. Using various typing schemes and the following definition of continuous carriage (the isolation of an organism of the same serotype, pyocin type or biotype from more than two handwash samples) we found that 4 of 11 subjects from whom Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated carried this organism continuously; 2 of 3 carried Pseudomonas aeruginosa continuously and 4 of 5 of the control subjects carried the same biotype of Enterobacter agglomerans continuously. We conclude that continuous hand carriage of aeroic Gram-negative rods is common and, among health care workers, those with hand dermatitis carry Gram-negative rods more frequently and in greater numbers than health care workers without hand dermatitis. PMID- 6808058 TI - Market fish hygiene in Kenya. AB - Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated from 53 out of 584 samples (9.1%) of market fish. All strains were Kanagawa negative and were distributed as follows: sea fish 5 out of 370 samples (1.4%), shellfish 48 out of 214 samles (22.4%). Other fish spoilage microflora recovered were: Alcaligenes faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio alginolyticus. Total aerobic counts and coliform counts per gram for the lake fish ranged from 2.6 X 10(2) to 6.6 X 10(7) and 10 to 1.0 X 10(2), respectively. Those from marine fish ranged from 1.0 X 10(5) to 8.8 X 10(6) and 2.0 X 10(3) to 1.6 X 10(4), respectively. Counts for marine fish gills alone ranged from 1.4 X 10(5) to 3.4 X 10(8) and 7.2 X 10(2) to 1.4 X 10(7), respectively. No high-temperature (44 degrees) coliforms were recovered from either lake or marine samples. PMID- 6808061 TI - [Structure and functions of [2Fe-2S] ferredoxins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808060 TI - [Clinical and experimental studies on cold cardioplegia by measuring intramyocardial gas tensions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808059 TI - Comparative assays in three laboratories of serum specimens containing pregnancy specific beta 1 glycoprotein with different proportions of the alpha variant. AB - Following several reports that the alpha component of pregnancy-specific beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) gives dose-response curves that are flatter than those of the beta component when assayed by radioimmunoassay of the competitive type, a collaborative study was carried out by 3 laboratories to examine whether radial immunodiffusion or rocket immunoelectrophoresis give similar result. Five sera from pregnant women at the 34-39th week of gestation with beta : alpha ratios of 0.8-4.7 were assayed by both the latter methods against either the IARC 78 610 reference preparation of the SP1 Behring standard. When preparations were assayed by rocket immunoelectrophoresis (two laboratories), the dose-response curves were parallel. When preparations were assayed by radial immunodiffusion (two laboratories), parallelism was observed (one laboratory) after the addition of polyethylene glycol, the presence of which is necessary to visualize immune precipitates in which alpha is involved. Discrepancies observed when methodologies such as competitive radioimmunoassay are used, in which there are limited amounts of antibodies, are explained, at least partially, but the fact that the beta component has a greater relative affinity for the antibody as higher concentrations of beta : alpha mixtures are assayed. However, when antibody is present in excess, as in radial immunodiffusion and rocket immunoelectrophoresis, no such difference in affinity seems to occur. PMID- 6808062 TI - [tRNA guanine transglycosylase and biosynthesis of Q nucleoside present in tRNA as a minor component (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808063 TI - [Cartilage matrix deficiency: a new genetic disorder in the mouse and related subjects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808064 TI - [A study of apocrine resembled metaplasia of endometrium in the patient with functional uterine bleeding and their hormone levels (author's transl)]. AB - Relationship between endometrial findings and serum hormone concentrations in patients with functional uterine bleeding (FUB) was not clarified yet. One hundred patients affected by FUB were divided into four groups according to their endometrial patterns: 1) proliferative phase(P), 2) secretary phase(S), 3) atrophic secretary phase(A-S) and 4) cystic glandular hyperplasia(C). Serum hormone levels which included LH, FSH, prolactine(PRL), estradiol and progesterone were measured by radioimmunoassay. 79% of the patients we studied were between 21 to 45 years and 21% were under 20 years or over 46 years of age. None of the patients received hormone therapy prior to the study. P(45%) and S(30%) were frequently encountered in histological manifestation of FUB while C was found no more than 4%. In 21% of the patients revealed apocrine resembled metaplasia of endometrium(AP), the cells resembled to the epithelium of apocrine sweat glands. This metaplasia was found in every endometrial patterns, but was seen in A-S most frequently. Serum concentrations of hormones in patients classified as C were characteristically and inclined to be hypergonadotropic and hypoestrogenic. High PRL levels were found in group S. All hormone levels except for FSH were statistically lower in the group of AP than that in groups where no AP was found. PMID- 6808065 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation of progesterone challenge test in amenorrheic patients (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic evaluation of progesterone (P) challenge test (menstrual response and serum LH changes after P administration) was studied in 223 patients with secondary amenorrhea. Based on the serum FSH an prolactin (PRL) values amenorrheic patients were divided into three major groups; low or normal levels of FSH and PRL (Group I), high levels of PRL (Group II), high levels of FSH (Group III). Serum estradiol levels in patients with normal menstrual response to P were significantly higher than those with absent or scanty bleeding following P. Although the Group III patients with absent or scanty bleeding (Group IIIb) represented patients with ovarian failure, those with normal menstrual response to P (Group IIIa) clinically appeared to have high developed ovarian follicles. Based on the LH responses after P administration the Group I patients were further subdivided into two groups, one with LH increase following P (Group Ia) and the second with no LH increase (Group Ib). In Group Ia 92 percent ovulated with clomiphene but all in Group Ib failed to ovulate. Therefore the LH changes after P administration gave good prediction of ovulatory as well as anovulatory responses to clomiphene. PMID- 6808066 TI - Auranofin therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Gold is well established as an agent to suppress progressive rheumatoid arthritis. Until recently, gold could only be given parenterally. An orally absorbable gold compound, auranofin, has been undergoing clinical trials in the last 6 years. Auranofin has some effects on the immunologic system, demonstrated in vitro, that differ from its parenteral counterpart, GST. Auranofin appears to have clinical effectiveness in rheumatoid arthritis that approximates that of parenteral gold. Although gastrointestinal toxicity is more frequent with auranofin, renal toxicity is distinctly less frequent than with parenteral gold. There is preliminary evidence that auranofin may have a disease-altering capability, as measured by serial radiographs, similar to that of parenteral gold. PMID- 6808067 TI - Arachidonic acid protection of rat gastric mucosa against ethanol injury. AB - AA, an essential dietary fatty acid, is a precursor for synthesis of prostaglandins. The ability of prostaglandins to protect the gastric mucosa against ethanol injury prompted us to investigate the possibility of AA providing similar protection in the rat. AA or its solubilizer were instilled intragastrically 60 min prior to absolute ethanol. The gastric lining was examined at 3 and 15 hr after the administration of ethanol. The extent of damage was assessed both macroscopically and histologically. AA administration 30 or 60 min prior to ethanol ingestion protected the gastric mucosa against macroscopic and histological damage for 3 to 15 hr. The intragastric concentration of prostaglandin E2 was 5,000 to 13,000 times higher in the animals pretreated with AA than in the controls. The protective action of AA was markedly diminished by indomethacin pretreatment. Intrajejunal administration of AA did not protect the gastric mucosa. These experiments demonstrate that a dietary constitutent- arachidonic acid--can protect the gastric mucosa against alcohol injury by inducing the synthesis of prostaglandins by the gastric mucosa. PMID- 6808068 TI - Valproic acid and thrombocytopenia. Case report. PMID- 6808069 TI - Increased urinary excretion of glycosphingolipids in familial hypercholesterolemia. AB - The content of glycosphingolipids (GSL) was studied in the urinary sediments (24 hr specimens) from seven normal subjects, a patient with Fabry's disease, and five homozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). Normal urinary sediments contained very small amounts of GalCer, GlcCer, GaOse(2)Cer, LacCer, GbOse(3)Cer, and GbOse(4)Cer. In Fabry urinary sediment, the levels (nmole glucose/24 hr) of GaOse(2)Cer and of GbOse(3)Cer were 389 and 550, respectively. In urinary sediments from the FH subjects, the mean contents (nmol glucose/mg protein per 24 hr) of GlcCer, GalCer, and LacCer were 2.7, 1.9, and 15.8 times higher, respectively, than in normals. The mean contents ( micro g/mg protein per 24 hr) of total cholesterol and phospholipid in the urinary sediment of FH (1.1 and 224, respectively) and normals (0.8 and 220) were similar. The mean contents of GlcCer, GalCer, and LacCer, expressed in terms of the cholesterol content of urinary sediment (nmol glucose/ micro g cholesterol per 24 hr), were increased 3.4-, 1.6-, and 5.4-fold, respectively, in the FH homozygotes. Of the five FH homozygotes, only one, who had undergone a portacaval shunt and was also receiving lipid-lowering therapy, had a normal value of LacCer. The other four FH homozygotes had levels of LacCer that were 3- to 55-fold higher (nmol glucose/mg protein per 24 hr) and 5.5- to 7.3-fold higher (nmol glucose/ micro g cholesterol per 24 hr) than the mean of the normals. One homozygote underwent plasma exchange therapy that reduced both the baseline urinary (nmol glucose/24 hr) and plasma (nmol/100 ml) LacCer levels from 86 to 7 and from 1491 to 852, respectively. Eleven days after plasma exchange, the urinary LacCer levels approached pre exchange levels (59 nmol glucose/24 hr). The data indicate that there is an abnormality of GSL metabolism associated with familial hyper-cholesterolemia and that the urinary excretion of GSL can be modified by plasma exchange therapy. Chatterjee, S., C. S. Sekerke, and P. O. Kwiterovich, Jr. Increased urinary excretion of glycosphingolipids in familial hypercholesterolemia. PMID- 6808072 TI - Role of serotoninergic neurones in the control of gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion in the rat. PMID- 6808071 TI - Sterol synthesis by the ocular lens of the rat during postnatal development. AB - Great amounts of plasma membranes are formed during early postnatal development of the ocular lens as lens epithelial cells differentiate into fiber cells. Little information is available on the source of the lipids, and particularly cholesterol, required for formation of these plasma membranes. The present study measured the capacity of the lens of the rat to synthesize cholesterol during this dynamic period of growth. Incorporation by lens of (3)H(2)O into total fatty acids was also examined. Absolute rates of cholesterol synthesis per whole lens were estimated in vitro from incorporation of (3)H from (3)H(2)O into digitonide precipitable sterols (DPS) by intact lenses of 6- to 30-day old rats. Rates of cholesterol synthesis were calculated which were adequate to furnish from either 50-100% or 20-40% of the cholesterol required by the lens for growth, depending upon the animal's age and upon whether one considered NADPH to be generated by the pentose phosphate pathway or by oxidative enzymatic processes (NADPH from the pentose pathway is not labeled from (3)H(2)O). Generation of the NADPH necessary for cholesterol synthesis principally by the pentose pathway would support the higher percent contribution of synthesis to the total growth requirement. The pentose pathway was clearly active in the young rat lens, since between 7.5 to 9.0 times more [1-(14)C]glucose than [6-(14)C]glucose was oxidized in vitro to (14)CO(2) by 6- and 22-day old lenses. Incorporation of (3)H(2)O into DPS decreases sharply after 2 weeks of age in spite of a constant rate of cholesterol accumulation by the lens. These results indicate that the ocular lens of the rat can furnish most if not all of its cholesterol requirements by synthesis de novo during the first 2 weeks of life, and imply a contribution from another source at older ages. Whether lipoproteins can supply cholesterol to the lens is still unclear, although neither HDL nor LDL altered the incorporation in vitro of [U (14)C]glucose into DPS by lens.-Cenedella, R. J. Sterol synthesis by the ocular lens of the rat during postnatal development. PMID- 6808070 TI - Effect of fatty acid modification on prostaglandin production by cultured 3T3 cells. AB - We have investigated the extent to which modifications in the essential fatty acid content of mammalian cells can affect prostaglandin production. Swiss mouse 3T3 cells stimulated with the calcium ionophore A23187 produced 1.7 to 7 times more prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) when the cultures were supplemented with linoleic acid. Increases in PGE(2) production as a result of linoleic acid supplementation occurred under all culture conditions except during the first 24 hr after attachment, when prostaglandin production was very high. Arachidonic acid supplementation produced a similar enhancement in the capacity of the cells to produce PGE(2), but no appreciable increase occurred when the cultures were supplemented with oleic acid. The phospholipids of the cells exposed to the linoleate-enriched medium contained 4 times more arachidonic acid and twice as much linoleic acid as compared with the corresponding controls. The choline phosphoglycerides were most highly enriched in arachidonic acid, but 2- to 3-fold increases also occurred in the inositol and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. When cultures initially enriched with linoleic acid were transferred to an unsupplemented medium, the fatty acid composition as well as the capacity of the cells to produce PGE(2) reverted almost to control values. The amount of exogenous arachidonic acid converted to PGE(2) as measured by radioimmunoassay also was greater when the cells were enriched with linoleic acid. Studies with radioactive arachidonic acid indicated that the distribution of prostaglandin metabolites was not affected appreciably by linoleic acid enrichment. These findings suggest that at least two factors contribute to the increased capacity of the cultures supplemented with linoleate to produce PGE(2). One is enrichment of the phospholipid substrate pools with arachidonic acid. The other is an increased ability of the cells to synthesize PGE(2) from unesterified arachidonic acid, perhaps because the prostaglandin-forming enzymes are more active.-Denning, G. M., P. H. Figard, and A. A. Spector. Effect of fatty acid modification on prostaglandin production by cultured 3T3 cells. PMID- 6808074 TI - Regulatory idiotypes. T helper cells recognize a shared VH idiotope on phosphorylcholine-specific antibodies. AB - Priming of BALB/c mice with phosphorylcholine-hemocyanin (PC-Hy) induces T helper cells that are detected in splenic fragment cultures responding to immunization with trinitrophenylated PC-binding myeloma proteins, TEPC 15 (TNP-T15) and MOPC 167 (TNP-M167). Trinitrophenylation did not alter the binding site, idiotype, or isotype of the antibodies as demonstrated by binding studies. To assay idiotype recognizing helper cells, Ly-2.2-depleted T cells from PC-Hy-primed donor mice were transferred to syngeneic athymic mice. Splenic anti-trinitrophenol fragment cultures were prepared from the nude recipients, and the response to TNP-T15 and TNP-M167 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The number of responding fragments is dependent on the number of transferred primed T cells. The homing efficiency of 51Cr-labeled helper cells into the spleen of nude recipients was determined. The frequencies of T helper cells taken from PC-Hy primed donors required for a B cell response to TNP-T15 or TNP-M167 were indistinguishable. The fine specificity of the anti-PC idiotype-recognizing T helper cells was studied by adding hapten (PC) or unconjugated myeloma proteins to fragment cultures as inhibitors at the time of immunization. PC and PC-bovine serum albumin, as well as T15 and M167, inhibited the helper function in vitro. Furthermore, free heavy chains of T15 and M167 partially inhibited T help, but free light chains of both idiotypes had no effect. These findings collectively show that T helper cells, induced by priming with antigen, recognize a shared idiotypic determination on T15 and M167 that is part of the PC binding site. The heavy chains of T15 and M167 appears to be the major structural component of this determinant. Evidently, T helper cells can recognize a shared determinant that is present on idiotypically different myeloma proteins. This determinant appears to be conserved throughout evolutionary and somatic mutations. The role of this shared, binding site-related idiotypic determinant as a regulatory idiotype in T B cell interaction is discussed. PMID- 6808073 TI - Isolation, partial characterization, and localization of a rat renal tubular glycoprotein antigen. Antibody-induced birth defects. AB - A glycoprotein with an apparent 340,000 mol wt (gp 340K) was isolated from rat kidney saline-soluble extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DE 52 ion exchange cellulose chromatography, concanavalin A affinity column, Sephacryl S 300 gel filtration, and discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The relative purity of gp 340K was examined by double immunodiffusion analysis, disc PAGE, and immunoelectrophoresis. Injection of rabbit gp 340K antiserum into pregnant rats during the organogenetic period induced abnormal embryonic development, fetal growth retardation, and embryonic death. Antiserum against the immunocomplexes isolated by immobilized protein A also produced the same embryotoxic effects. The biologic effects of the antisera appeared to be dose dependent. Defects such as anophthalmia, hydrocephaly, exencephaly, cleft palate, cleft lip, and some cardiovascular anomalies were observed. The most frequently observed anomaly was anophthalmia. Immunofluorescent localization studies indicated that gp 340K antibodies localized in vivo in the visceral yolk-sac endodermal cells and the embryonic endoderm. In vitro immunofluorescent localization studies revealed that gp 340K was a component of the renal tubular cells that cross-reacted with antigen in the visceral yolk-sac endodermal cells and embryonic endoderm. The underlying mechanism whereby gp 340K antibodies induce birth defects is not known. Three hypotheses were discussed. PMID- 6808075 TI - Biochemical characterization of a second family of human Ia molecules, HLA-DS, equivalent to murine I-A subregion molecules. AB - In mice, two families of structurally distinct Ia molecules, one designated I-A and the other I-E, have been identified and characterized. The HLA-DR molecules represent one family of human Ia molecules equivalent to the murine I-E molecules on the basis of amino acid sequence homology. We describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of a second family of human Ia molecules, designated HLA-DS for second D-region locus, equivalent to the murine I-A molecules. The human HLA-DS molecules consist of two polypeptide chains, DS alpha (37,000 mol wt) and DS beta (29,000 mol wt), with 73% amino acid sequence identity to the murine I-A molecules. Furthermore, the HLA-DS molecules are closely linked genetically to HLA-DR molecules, a situation analogous to that observed in mice. The similarity in molecular weights of the DR and DS molecules might explain why others have failed to identify the latter in man. PMID- 6808079 TI - Growth, differentiation, and function of the testes in the toad Bufo bufo bufo (L.), with special reference to regulatory capacities: effects of unilateral castration, hypophysectomy, and excision of Bidder's organs. AB - Function and compensatory growth of the testis have been studied in male toads of varying ages, ranging from postmetamorphosis to adults. All experiments lasted 2 months, starting about September 1. Spermatogenesis was normal in sexually immature, 1-year-old toads. The fastest growing young toads developed secondary sex characteristics, the thumbpads, during the experiment. The data suggest that size is more influential than age in determining the onset of sexual maturation. But body size is not the only factor which influences sexual maturation. The growth response of the remaining testis to unilateral castration decreased with increasing age and size of the toads. Two months after operation the remaining testis had reached the size of two testes in the young toads, whereas the testis showed no significant compensatory growth in the adult-sized toads, whether sexually immature or mature. Hypophysectomy reduced body growth in young toads and prevented a testicular growth response to unilateral castration. Young toads, but no adults, with excised Bidder's organs had larger testes than the control toads. In hypophysectomized, young toads spermatogenesis was still active 2 months after the operation. PMID- 6808080 TI - Proving paternity--human leukocyte antigen test. PMID- 6808078 TI - In vivo and in vitro effect of cold on the degree of polymerization of tubulin in toad brain and testis. AB - The tubulin of both brain and testis of the toad Bufo arenarum was partially depolymerized when the animals were maintained on ice for 90 minutes or 17 hours. Recovery of the animals at room temperature restored the normal degree of polymerization in both organs. Normalization of the polymerization degree also occurred in organs separated from cooled animals and incubated in vitro for 90 minutes at 20 degrees C. When the organs were cooled in vitro, only testicular tubulin underwent depolymerization, and in a degree similar to that occurring by incubation at 20 degrees C. The results suggest that the mechanisms regulating tubulin depolymerization in vivo are different from those taking place in vitro. PMID- 6808076 TI - A natural model of immunologic tolerance. Tolerance to murine C5 is mediated by T cells, and antigen is required to maintain unresponsiveness. AB - A unique experimental model is described, where natural immunologic tolerance to a well-defined soluble native antigen (murine C5) is examined in congenic strains of mice that differ only by the presence or the absence of C5. A highly sensitive hemolytic assay was developed to detect nanogram amounts of C5 as well as an assay of anti-C5 inhibition of C5 hemolytic activity. The latter was more sensitive than immunodiffusion. Two reciprocal approaches were used to study the cellular basis of tolerance in irradiated hosts of either strain. In the first, lymphoid cells from either strain were transferred to irradiated B10.D2OSN hosts that were lacking C5 and so would not hinder detection of anti-C5 antibody upon challenge with murine C5. Second, lymphoid cells from either strain were transferred to irradiated B10.D2NSN hosts, whose native C5 provided the antigenic stimulus. The immune response of whole nonadherent spleen cell suspension as well as mixtures of T and B cells (separated on the basis of surface immunoglobulin) from either strain were studied. In addition, the duration of tolerance and the antigen requirement to maintain it in irradiated C5-deficient hosts repopulated with C5-sufficient spleen cells was examined. The positive control of irradiated C5-deficient hosts repopulated with syngeneic spleen cells showed a primary and secondary response to immunization. In contrast, C5-sufficient spleen cells failed to respond both in the primary and the secondary response. Because the unresponsiveness was not caused by antigen carryover and was not antigen specific, it represents central tolerance. In C5-sufficient irradiated hosts (where immunization was not required and antigen was present in natural form and physiological concentration), transfer of C5-deficient cells mediated a drop in C5 levels to 10-20% of that noted in unreconstituted controls. T and B cell mixing experiments from the two strains into deficient or sufficient hosts demonstrated that tolerance is T cell dependent and that C5-sufficient or deficient B cells could cooperate with nontolerant C5-sufficient T cells to produce significant anti-C5 antibody or mediate a significant drop in C5 levels. In addition, the presence of antigen was necessary to maintain tolerance. In conclusion, these results show that (a) natural tolerance to C5 is an active process that is T cell dependent and requires the presence of antigen; (b) in this natural model, clonal abortion does not seem to occur; and (c) both tolerant and nontolerant B cells retain the capacity to produce autoantibody. PMID- 6808082 TI - One hundred and two cases of hemophilia A in Taiwan. I. Clinical, laboratory and family studies. PMID- 6808081 TI - [Intrapleural thiotepa for malignant pleural effusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808077 TI - A second rabbit kappa isotype. AB - Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the rabbit strain Basilea was previously shown to contain two distinct populations of molecules one with light chain belonging to the known lambda isotype and the others to a new kappa-like L chain type. Alloantisera prepared against the Basilea IgG are directed against the kappa-like light chain (anti-bas antisera). All Basilea rabbits express kappa-like chains recognized by anti-bas sera, but IgG from other domestic rabbits did not react with these antisera. Genetic studies of wild rabbits belonging to different populations show that the bas+ phenotype could be found in heterozygous rabbits as well as those homozygous at the b locus. The gene encoding the bas+ light chain is closely linked to the b locus. Moreover, antigenic determinants recognized by anti-bas antibodies and antigenic determinants recognized by antibodies directed against allotypic determinants of the b series are located on distinct IgG molecules. These results show that there are two rabbit kappa isotypes: the kappa 1 isotype, bearing allotypic determinants of the b series, and the kappa 2 isotype, for which bas+ chain is one of the allotypic forms. The kappa 1 and kappa 2 isotypes are controlled by closely linked genes. PMID- 6808084 TI - Electron microscopy of Streptococcus lactis phage plaque margins. AB - Ultrathin sections of plaques produced by Streptococcus lactis phages O712 and m13 were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The clear central area of the plaque was found to contain hardly any cellular material but the turbid margin contained abundant plasma membranes and some partially lysed cells whose appearance suggests a novel mechanism for the termination of plaque growth. PMID- 6808083 TI - Volume regulation by human lymphocytes. Role of calcium. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes regulate their volumes in hypotonic solutions. In hypotonic media in which Na+ is the predominant cation, an initial swelling phase is followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) associated with a net loss of cellular K+. In media in which K+ is the predominant cation, the rapid initial swelling is followed by a slower second swelling phase. 86Rb+ fluxes increased during RVD and returned to normal when the original volume was approximately regained. Effects similar to those induced by hypotonic stress could also be produced by raising the intracellular Ca++ level. In isotonic, Ca++ containing media cells were found to shrink upon addition of the Ca++ ionophore A23187 in K+-free media, but to swell in K+-rich media. Exposure to Ca++ plus A23187 also increased 86Rb+ fluxes. Quinine (75 microM), an inhibitor of the Ca++ activated K+ pathway in other systems blocked RVD, the associated K+ loss, and the increase in 86Rb+ efflux. Quinine also inhibited the volume changes and the increased 86Rb fluxes induced by Ca++ plus ionophore. The calmodulin inhibitors trifluoperazine, pimozide and chlorpromazine blocked RVD as well as Ca++ plus A23187-induced volume changes. Trifluoperazine also prevented the increase in 86Rb+ fluxes and K+ loss induced by hypotonicity. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide, a relatively ineffective calmodulin antagonist, was considerably less potent as an inhibitor of RVD than chlorpromazine. It is suggested than an elevation in cytoplasmic [Ca++], triggered by cell swelling, increases the plasma membrane permeability to K+, the ensuing increased efflux of K+, associated anions, and osmotically obliged water, leading to cell shrinking (RVD). PMID- 6808085 TI - Examination of crystalline arrays in non-A, non-B hepatitis. AB - Individual patients within crystalline arrays found in the endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids in experimental non-A, non-B hepatitis were examined by the Markham rotation technique. The particles appeared to possess an outer structure with 16-18 divisions. The presence of the crystalline structures is probably a reflection of host cell response to infection. PMID- 6808086 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis: a case report. AB - Ultrastructural changes in a liver biopsy obtained for diagnostic purposes from a patient with suspected non-A, non-B hepatitis were consistent with hepatitis and included dilatation and disaggregation of the endoplasmic reticulum, hepatocyte disarray, and variations in mitochondrial size. In addition, some foci of hepatocytes showed atypical cytoplasmic changes including intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudo-inclusions, consisting basically of invaginations of the cytoplasmic mass into the nucleus, glycogen deposits in the same nuclei, and frequently accumulations of fat droplets. The mitochondria were generally pleomorphic, and occasionally the mitochondrial cristae were arranged longitudinally. Dilatation, hypertrophy, and distortion of the Golgi complexes were found in affected hepatocytes. Similar ultrastructural changes have previously been reported in human hepatocellular carcinoma as well as in carcinomas of other tissues. PMID- 6808089 TI - Immunocytochemical and biochemical analysis of carbonic anhydrase in primary astrocyte cultures from rat brain. AB - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was studied in primary monolayer cultures from neonatal rat cerebral hemispheres with both immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques. In such cultures, which consist predominantly of astrocytes, immunocytochemical staining for CA using antibody raised against the type II enzyme from rat erythrocytes resulted in positive staining of the flat, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive, astrocytic monolayer. Smaller, process-bearing, round cells that grew on top of the astrocytes stained intensely for CA. We estimated that these cells represented 1% or less of the total cells in the cultures, and they have been identified by others as oligodendrocytes. The intensity of the staining of astrocytes for CA could be increased to that observed in oligodendrocytes when the astrocytes were made to round up and form processes by treatment with 2',3' dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Enzymatic assays showed that CA activity of the cultures after 3 weeks of growth was 2.5- to 5-fold less than that found for cerebral homogenates from perfused 3-week-old rat brains. However, both activities were totally inhibited by acetazolamide with an I50 of 10(-8) M, confirming that both rat brain and the astrocyte cultures possess the high-activity type II enzyme. CA II activity was unaffected by treatment of the cultures with a method reported to remove oligodendrocytes. Thus, the immunocytochemical and biochemical studies reported here demonstrate that astroglial cells in primary cultures from neonatal rat brain contain CA-II. PMID- 6808088 TI - Acetylcoenzyme A and acetylcholine in slices of rat caudate nuclei incubated with (-)-hydroxycitrate, citrate, and EGTA. AB - The effects of (-)-hydroxycitrate (OHC) and citrate on the concentration of acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and acetylcholine (ACh) in the tissue and on the release of ACh into the medium were investigated in experiments on slices of rat caudate nuclei incubated in media with 6.2 or 31.2 mM K+, 0 or 2.5 mM Ca2+, and 0, 1, or 10 mM EGTA. OHC diminished the concentration of acetyl-CoA in the slices under all conditions used; in experiments with 2.5 mM OHC, the concentration of acetyl-CoA was lowered by 25-38%. Citrate, in contrast, had no effect on the level of acetyl-CoA in the tissue. Although both OHC and citrate lowered the concentration of ACh in the slices during incubations with 6.2 mM K+ and 1 mM EGTA, they had different effects on the content of ACh during incubations in the presence of Ca2+. The concentration of ACh in the slices was increased by citrate during incubations with 2.5 mM Ca2+ and 31.2 or 6.2 mM K+, but it was lowered or unchanged by OHC under the same conditions. The release of ACh into the medium was lowered or unchanged by OHC and lowered, unchanged, or increased by citrate. It is concluded that most effects of OHC on the metabolism of ACh can be explained by the inhibition of ATP-citrate lyase; with glucose as the main metabolic substrate, ATP-citrate lyase appears to provide about one-third of the acetyl-CoA used for the synthesis of ACh. Experiments with citrate indicate that an increased supply of citrate may increase the synthesis of ACh. The inhibitory effect of citrate on the synthesis of ACh, observed during incubations without Ca2+, is interpreted to be a consequence of the chelation of intracellular Ca2+; this interpretation is supported by the observation of a similar effect caused by 10 mM EGTA. PMID- 6808090 TI - Inhibition of human brain aldose reductase and hexonate dehydrogenase by alrestatin and sorbinil. AB - Human brain aldose reductase and hexonate dehydrogenase are inhibited by alrestatin (AY 22,284) and sorbinil (CP 45,634). Inhibition by alrestatin is noncompetitive for both enzymes, and slightly stronger for hexonate dehydrogenase (KI values 52-250 microM) than for aldose reductase (KI values 170-320 microM). Sorbinil inhibits hexonate dehydrogenase far more potently than aldose reductase, KI values being 5 5 microM for hexonate dehydrogenase and 150 microM for aldose reductase. The inhibition of hexonate dehydrogenase by sorbinil is noncompetitive with respect to both aldehyde and NADPH substrates, and is thus kinetically similar to the inhibition by alrestatin. However, sorbinil inhibition of aldose reductase is uncompetitive with respect to glyceraldehyde and noncompetitive with NADPH as the varied substrate. Inhibition of human brain aldose reductase by these two inhibitors is much less potent than that reported for the enzyme from other sources. PMID- 6808091 TI - Retinal projections in tyrosinase-negative albino cats. AB - Retinal projections were examined in two tyrosinase-negative albino cats using autoradiographic techniques. Cats from this colony have pink eyes; their retinal pigment epithelium, ciliary body, and iris epithelium are completely devoid of melanin pigment. Test breeding for five generations indicates that these cats are true albinos (cc). The most striking feature of the albino cats' visual pathways was a reduction in ipsilateral input which was more severe than that reported for Siamese cats. The only evidence of ipsilateral input to the laminated dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the albino was a small lateral normal segment and a small projection to the lateral portion of lamina C1. Ipsilateral projections to the medial interlaminar nucleus, retinal recipient zone of the pulvinar complex, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and pretectum also were reduced. Ipsilateral projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus appeared to be normal in the albino cats studied. Our findings indicate that, compared to the normal cat as well as to the tyrosine-positive Siamese cat, the tyrosinase negative albino has reduced ipsilateral retinal projections. The albino cat is a model system analogous to tyrosinase-negative albinism found in mammals. PMID- 6808087 TI - The paradoxical effect of central nervous system stimulants on hyperactivity: a paradox unexplained by the rate-dependent effect. AB - It has been proposed, most recently in an article by L. Green and D. Washauer entitled, "A note on the 'paradoxical' effect of stimulants on hyperactivity with reference to the rate-dependency effect of drugs" (J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 169: 196 198, 1981), that the rate-dependency effect of drugs explains the paradoxical reduction of motor activity by central nervous system stimulants administered to hyperactive children. Research indicates that the effects of these drugs on the behavior of animals or humans are not presently understood and that such proposals confuse an explanation with an empirical results. PMID- 6808092 TI - Apnea testing in diagnosis of brain death. PMID- 6808093 TI - Effects of total parenteral nutrition in rats with experimental chronic renal failure. AB - The effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in partially nephrectomized rats (n = 17) and sham-operated controls (n = 12) were evaluated and compared to the effect of low and high nitrogen oral diets (6% and 24% protein). TPN included fat (9 g/kg per day), high energy (1385 KJ/kg per day), and low nitrogen content (0.6 g N/kg per day, corresponding to 8% protein) either as essential amino acids (EAA) or as a mixture of essential and nonessential amino acids (CAA). The parenteral nutrition was administered intravenously via a permanent catheter continuously for 10 days. Most animals tolerated the treatment with no signs of overhydration or electrolyte imbalances. Uremic rats on TPN gained in weight similarly to control animals, whereas uremic rats given oral diets showed a lower weight increase. Both amino acid solutions promoted positive nitrogen balance and growth. Plasma urea dropped during TPN and low protein oral feeding in uremic and control rats, but not in the high protein-fed animals. Serum creatinine decreased with TPN but not with oral feeding in uremic rats. Albumin and hemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in all uremic rats irrespective of dietary treatment. The experimental model presented here could be useful for further studies on parenteral nutrition in uremia. PMID- 6808094 TI - Glycogen content and repletion rates in beef muscle, effect of feeding and fasting. AB - The effect of type of diet and fasting on resting muscle glycogen concentration and on rate of recovery after glycogen depletion was studied in beef M. logissimus dorsi. Hereford heifers were fed either barley or hay, or were fasted for 9 days. Resting muscle glycogen concentration was significantly increased by feeding barley and decreased by fasting, relative to the value in cattle on a maintenance diet of hay. Rates of repletion of muscle glycogen following depletion by adrenalin injection averaged 7.6 mumol/g per day on barley, 6.1 mumol/g per day on hay and 1.5 mumol/g per day in fasted heifers. On refeeding the fasted group with hay the rate of glycogen reported for nonruminant species. The specific activity of muscle glycogen synthase (I + D) was 2.13 mumol/minute per gram of wet tissue, and normal conversion to the active (I) form was observed in glycogen-depleted beef muscles. Determination of blood glucose, plasma insulin and muscle glucose 6-phosphate concentrations provided some evidence for a decreased availability of glycogen precursors during the period of muscle glycogen resynthesis. It was concluded that a lower glucose availability in cattle compared with nonruminant species caused a slower rate of muscle glycogen repletion. Different repletion rates between the experimental groups reflected different levels of energy intake and corresponding changes in glucose utilization rates. PMID- 6808095 TI - Infant gastrostomy and chronic formula infusion as a technique to overfeed and accelerate weight gain of neonatal rats. AB - Female rat pups were overfed by continuous intragastric infusion of a milk formula from day 4 through day 128 postpartum. These rats dramatically accelerated weight gain after day 109. By day 18 the overfed pups weighted significantly more than both normally reared 18-day-old pups and pups reared artificially but maintained at the same growth rate as normally reared pups. On day 18 the catheters were removed from gastrostomized pups and normally reared pups were removed from their dams. Thereafter, all groups were maintained ad libitum on a standard diet. The body weights of overfed pups were still significantly greater than those of both other groups on day 120. The procedure provides an important new tool to examine the role of early nutrition in the etiology of obesity. PMID- 6808096 TI - Formation of Maillard reaction products in parenteral alimentation solutions. AB - Terminal heat sterilization of glucose-amino acid solutions produces Maillard reaction products. Since deleterious effects are associated with the ingestion of these compounds, their presence in parenteral nutrition solutions should be avoided. We measured the extent of Maillard product formation in 25% glucose + 4.25% amino acid solutions (+/- added electrolytes) sterilized by membrane filtration. Maillard product formation increased with time and temperature of storage. In the absence of added electrolytes, the average loss of amino acids to Maillard products at 4 degrees after 1, 7 and 30 days storage was 0.35, 0.62, and 1.51%, respectively. Losses of 0.74, 1.07 and 2.88% were noted at 4 degrees in the presence of added electrolytes. The average loss of amino acids in mixtures stored for 1, 7 and 30 days at 25 degrees in the absence of electrolytes was 0.83, 2.99 and 4.63%, respectively, and 1.52, 3.36 and 7.43 in the presence of added electrolytes, Mixtures stored at 60 degrees for 24 hours without added electrolytes showed an average loss of 8.03% of amino acids, whereas an 11.5% loss was noted in the presence of added electrolytes. Proline and amino acids with hydrophobic side chains reacted more slowly than other amino acids, while tryptophan and amino acids with aliphatic hydroxy side chains reacted most rapidly. The addition of electrolytes increased the rate of Maillard product formation at all temperatures. The data indicated that 25% glucose + 4.25% amino acid solutions should be stored for only a minimal period of time, preferably at 4 degrees, prior to use. PMID- 6808098 TI - Effects of acid-dissolution on thin ground sections of enamel caries studied by microradiography and x-ray microbeam diffraction. AB - In order to obtain information about the chemical reactivity of localized areas within natural enamel caries, thin ground sections prepared from white spot lesions were subjected to HCl solutions with 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 N concentrations. Microradiographic examination combined by densitometric analysis demonstrated that the surface layer covering demineralized lesions remained relatively stable against acid attacks and that, despite the original lower degree of mineralization, its microradiographic density became higher than that of the underlying normal enamel during acid-dissolution. Another interesting finding was that in the experiment using the most diluted HCl solution, a radiopaque zone became noticeable at the advancing front of the lesions in the course of dissolution. X-ray microbeam diffraction analysis of these sections showed that no apparent alterations occurred in mineral structure of enamel with acid dissolution, except for the decrease in crystallinity of enamel apatite. Based on the results obtained here, one can expect that the surface layer and the interior part of natural carious lesions possess a high degree of resistance to acid attacks, relative to the underlying normal enamel. PMID- 6808099 TI - Thymidine kinase activity in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6808097 TI - Levels of CO2 in arterial blood of carp under carbon dioxide anesthesia. AB - The application of carbon dioxide anesthesia to fish has been studied in order to find a method of transport of live fish. In the continuation of this study, the levels of arterial PaO2, PaCO2 and pH were examined in carp anesthetized with carbon dioxide. In the initial stage of the anesthesia, both PaO2 and PaCO2 increased. In the following stage, PaCO2 gradually decreased. An increase or decrease in PaO2 seems to depend on the levels of PaCO2 during anesthesia. On the other hand, ECG (electrocardiogram) profiles of anesthetized carp indicate that a gradual increase in R-R interval is coupled with a gradual decline of the opercular rate. PMID- 6808100 TI - Pathological characteristics of oral lymphomas. AB - Nine cases of oral extranodal lymphomas are described. Histologically, 6 cases were histiocytic, 2 lymphocytic and 1 Burkitt's lymphoma. According to the criteria of the Japanese Lymphoma Study Group, 8 cases seemingly belonged to the B-cell lymphoma classification, and one was unclassified. Geographical differences in the distribution of oral extranodal lymphomas between Japan and western countries were surveyed. A review of our cases and those in the literature revealed no significant difference in sex, age, frequency of B-cell lymphomas or site of predilection. In Japan, histiocytic lymphomas were the most common type of extranodal oral lymphomas. The most prevalent type of oral extranodal lymphomas in western countries could not be determined from the literature. PMID- 6808104 TI - Duodenal diverticula and gallstone disease. PMID- 6808101 TI - Dark cells in human oral leukoplakias. AB - Dark basal keratinocytes, characterized by a strong affinity for basic dyes and by electron density of cytoplasm and nucleus, could be recognized in eleven oral leukoplakias. The percentage of dark cells was higher in the group comprising leukoplakias verrucosa, and erosiva (28% of the basal cells) than in the leukoplakia simplex group (10%). The presence of these cells is a good indicator of the degree of histological dysplasia and correlates well with the preneoplastic potential of these lesions. PMID- 6808102 TI - Oral carcinomas associated with snuff dipping. Some clinical and histological characteristics of 23 tumours in Swedish males. AB - Some clinical and histological characteristics of 23 oral carcinomas in the anterior vestibulum of snuff dipping Swedish males with an average age of 76 years were investigated. Examples of verrucous carcinomas as well as of ordinary, usually verrucoid but also ulcerating, squamous cell carcinomas were encountered. Widespread oral leukoplakia and second primary carcinoma--oral or other--was present in 5 and 6 cases respectively, and occurred together in 3 of these. Eleven cases out of 19 available for additional sectioning and staining showed candidal infection. PMID- 6808103 TI - Protein components in saliva and plaque fluid from irradiated primates. AB - Irradiation of the major salivary glands of monkeys (Macaca mulatta) fed cariogenic diets leads to caries clinically indistinguishable from radiation caries in man. This study compares the organic composition of individual samples of plaque fluid and saliva from irradiated and control monkeys receiving the same cariogenic diet. Plaque and saliva were collected from fasting, tranquillised animals. Four irradiated animals were sampled repeatedly as were non-irradiated controls. Total protein, albumin, immunoglobulins A, G, and M, and the third component of complement (C'3) were quantitated in plaque fluid and whole saliva. Salivary amylase and peroxidase activities were also determined. Plaque fluid and saliva samples were also subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The total viable anaerobic count and numbers of Streptococcus mutans were determined in samples of plaque. The results suggest that the major effect of irradiation leading to increased numbers of S. mutans and caries susceptibility is in the amount, and not the composition, of the saliva produced by the residual gland tissue. The scanty flow of saliva may reduce the effectiveness of cleansing, buffering and lubrication mechanisms as well as resulting in a marked reduction in the total amount of specific and non-specific immune factors entering the mouth. PMID- 6808105 TI - Alleviation of diabetic microangiopathy in rats by pancreatic islet cell transplantation. AB - Diabetes was induced in female WAG rats by an injection of streptozotocin. The resultant diabetic microangiopathy was studied in the kidney and other organs and the effectiveness of pancreatic islet cell transplantation in preventing and reversing the microvascular complications was assessed. It was found that intraportal transplants of more than 1000 islets produced metabolic normality in most animals and successful transplants prevented the development of diabetic microangiopathy. Very early lesions could be completely restored to normal. The findings strongly support the necessity of good metabolic control of human diabetic patients to prevent microangiopathic damage. PMID- 6808107 TI - Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor in Caffey disease. PMID- 6808106 TI - Communicability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a cystic fibrosis summer camp. PMID- 6808108 TI - Biosynthesis of A, H, and Lewis blood group determinants in Fasciola hepatica. AB - Classical methods usually applied in human blood group enzyme assays allowed the detection in Fasciola hepatica of 3-alpha-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-transferase, 2 and 4 alpha-L-fucosyltransferases that correspond to A, H, and Lewis human blood group gene-specified enzymes. Their presence indicates the ability of F. hepatica to synthesize A, H, and Lewis blood group antigens that were recently observed in the liver fluke. The biological significance of the data is discussed in terms of host-parasite relationships. PMID- 6808110 TI - Effect of glucose infusion on the maternal and fetal acid-base equilibrium during labor. AB - The effect of hypertonic glucose infusion on the maternal and fetal acid-base equilibrium was studied in 20 clinically normal parturients and their concepts. Samples of maternal peripheral venous blood and fetal capillary blood were collected before and after intravenous infusion of 25 g of glucose into the mother at 15-minute intervals. No significant alterations in the parameters of the maternal acid-base equilibrium were observed. On the fetal ide, a significant decrease in pO2 at intervals of 30, 45 and 60 minutes after glucose infusion (fig. 1), and an increase of total CO2 after 60 minutes (fig. 2) were observed. These findings did not permit us to state that glucose infusion may be responsible for the alterations found, since it is known that as labor progresses, PO2 tends to decrease while total CO2 tends to increase. On the other hand, an increase in glycemic levels is known to stimulate the rate of glucose consumption at the expense of its aerobic metabolism, by reducing the oxygen level and increasing CO2, the final products of this glucolytic pathway. PMID- 6808109 TI - Oculomotor abnormalities in chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. AB - The clinical and electro-oculographic eye abnormalities in chronic GM2 gangliosidosis have been described. The most prominent oculomotor disturbances in our patients involved the pursuit system. This was evident during performance of eye tracking and vestibulo-ocular reflex suppression. Saccadic eye movements were dysmetric but were normal in velocity. These findings point to disturbances of cerebellar oculomotor control. While the oculomotor defects are nonspecific in this chronic form of beta-hexosaminidase A deficiency, they broaden the spectrum of clinical features considered to be typical ocular manifestations in many storage diseases. Disturbances in the oculomotor system may be the only ocular sign of chronic GM2 gangliosidosis. PMID- 6808112 TI - Metabolism of tocainide in the rat. AB - The metabolism of tocainide, an oral antiarrhythmic agent, was studied in male Wistar rats following oral administration of 15 mg/kg of tocainide hydrochloride. Qualitative and quantitative identification of the metabolites in urine was carried out by GC-mass spectrometry and electron capture detector gas chromatography. About 15-20% of the dose administered was excreted as intact drug in the urine. An additional 20% of the dose was present as acid hydrolysable conjugates. Enzymatic hydrolysis (beta-glucuronidase) revealed half of the acid hydrolysable conjugates to be a glucuronide. The enzyme mediated hydrolysis was blocked by its specific inhibitor saccharo-1,4-lactone. N-acetyl tocainide, an oxidatively deaminated tocainide, an aldehyde adduct of tocainide, and a cyclic hydantoin derivative of tocainide were also identified as metabolites in the urine samples. PMID- 6808111 TI - Inhibitory effects of alkylated Bence-Jones protein, k-type light chain, from urine of a patient with macroglobulinemia on gastric juice secretion and ulceration in rats. AB - Bence-Jones protein (BJP) was isolate from the urine of a patient with macroglobulinemia by salting out the ammonium sulfate, followed by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose column and gel filtration. This native BJP was identified as k type light chain by immunoelectrophoresis and the native light chain showed almost no activity of inhibiting the gastric ulceration in pylorus-ligated rats. In contrast, reduction of the disulfide bond by 2-mercaptoethanol and alkylation of the thiol by iodoacetate in this native light chain resulted in significant inhibition of the gastric ulceration. The alkylated light chain also showed a significant inhibition of gastric juice secretion in pylorus-ligated rats. PMID- 6808113 TI - Rectal absorption of nitroglycerin in the rat: avoidance of first-pass metabolism as a function of rectal length exposure. AB - Nitroglycerin administered orally undergoes substantial presystemic elimination. It was shown recently that first-pass hepatic metabolism of high clearance drugs can be substantially avoided via rectal administration. In applying this concept to nitroglycerin in rats, it was found that unrestricted rectal instillation of nitroglycerin (at 3.5-mg/kg dose) gave a mean +/-SD bioavailability of 26.7 +/- 7.0% (n=6) compared to 1.8 +/- 0.9% (n=5) from oral dosing. This mode of dosing did not lead to complete avoidance of first-pass metabolism of nitroglycerin in rats. When the rectal exposure length to nitroglycerin was restricted to 3.5 cm from the anus, the mean +/-SD bioavailability increased to 83.5 +/- 74.5% (n=14). However, the variability in bioavailability was extremely large. When the rectal exposure length was restricted to 2.0 cm from the anus (at 1.75-mg/kg dose), nitroglycerin bioavailability was estimated at 91.2 +/- 30.4% (n=6). The plasma nitroglycerin concentrations (greater than 5 min) obtained after this mode of administration were similar to those achieved after intravenous dosing. The data showed that substantial avoidance of presystemic nitroglycerin metabolism can be achieved via rectal administration. This avoidance can be nearly complete if nitroglycerin is limited in exposure to only the lower rat rectum. It was also demonstrated that sustained (at least 24 hr) nitroglycerin delivery via the rat rectal route was feasible with an experimental osmotic minipump. This delivery system also produced nearly complete bioavailability for nitroglycerin in the rat. PMID- 6808115 TI - Time-dependent kinetics viii: absence of diurnal oscillations in valproic acid disposition following single dose administration to rhesus monkey. PMID- 6808114 TI - Batch-swirl method for detoxification of isopropyl myristate used for sterility testing of oils and ointments: membrane selection. AB - A 1-hr batch-swirl method was developed for the preparation of isopropyl myristate to be used in the sterility testing of oils and ointments. The method is simpler and faster than that in USP XX. Flow rates of various membrane filters were tested. Cellulose acetate filters increased the filtration rate of oils and ointments and, thus, reduced the exposure time of possible microbial contaminants to the toxicity of isopropyl myristate. PMID- 6808118 TI - Centrally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates colonic transit and diarrhea production by a vagally mediated serotonergic mechanism in the rabbit. AB - The effect of centrally administered thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1, 10 or 100 micrograms) on transit of a charcoal marker placed in the proximal colon of anesthetized rabbits was determined. A dose-dependent stimulation of transit was produced, which, with the higher doses, was accompanied by a watery diarrhea. Pretreatment with atropine was ineffective against these effects. Hexamethonium or bilateral vagotomy attenuated these effects, whereas vagotomy + sacral cord transection completely abolished them. Several serotonin antagonists completely blocked, and fluoxetine markedly enhanced, the TRH-induced transit and diarrhea production. Measurement of portal blood demonstrated that TRH produced a dose dependent elevation in serotonin levels. This response was blocked by pretreatment with hexamethonium or after bilateral vagotomy, but enhanced by fluoxetine. These observations indicate that centrally administered TRH activates colonic transit via a vagally mediated serotonergic mechanism. The release of serotonin is probably from the enterochromaffin cells and/or enteric serotonin neurons in the intestine. PMID- 6808117 TI - Sexual differentiation of arachidonate toxicity in mice. AB - Mature male and female mice 50 days of age were challenged with i.v. sodium arachidonate at doses of 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. A dose-dependent response in terms of mortality was observed. Males were significantly more susceptible to arachidonate-induced mortality than females at the 25 and 50 mg/kg doses (P less than .05). The 100 mg/kg dose produced 100% mortality in both sexes. When mice aged 23, 29, 35 and 50 days were challenged with 50 mg/kg of arachidonate, no gender difference was observed until mice were 35 days of age, at which time the male mortality was 80%, compared to 57% for female mice (P less than .05). Mice gonadectomized at 23 days and intact mice 23 days of age were treated with s.c. estradiol, testosterone or vehicle for 7 days before arachidonate challenge. Among these groups, the gonadectomized females and intact males were significantly protected by estradiol when compared to the appropriate controls (P less than .05). In contrast, testosterone pretreatment had no significant effect on mortality. These results demonstrate that the development of the gender difference in arachidonate-induced mortality in mice is dependent upon the presence of gonadal hormones in the immature stages. PMID- 6808116 TI - Calcium-dependent stimulation of renal medullary prostaglandin synthesis by furosemide. AB - The present study examined the actions of furosemide and other "loop" diuretics on immunoreactive prostaglandin E (iPGE) and [14C]arachidonate (AA) release in vitro in incubates of slices from rat and dog outer or inner medulla. The loop diuretics furosemide, ethacrynic acid, bumetanide and 3-benzylamino-4-phenylthio 5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid all significantly increased [14C]AA and iPGE release (1.5 to 4-fold) into the media of rat outer and inner medulla and dog outer medullary slice incubates. By contrast, equimolar concentrations of chlorothiazide and hydrochlorothiazide were without effects on these parameters. Stimulation of [14C]AA or iPGE by furosemide was abolished by exclusion of Ca++ from the incubation media or by addition of verapamil to complete media, but was not altered by exclusion of Na+. Ca++-free media or verapamil also abolished the increases in [14C]AA and iPGE induced by ionophore A23187. By contrast, these incubation conditions did not influence the iPGE responses to hypertonic mannitol or exogenous AA. The presence of Ca++-responsive acyl hydrolase activity was demonstrated in the microsomal fraction from rat outer medulla. However, this activity was not altered by addition of furosemide to the subcellular fraction in the presence or absence of Ca++. Thus, furosemide and other loop diuretics stimulate renal medullary iPGE synthesis in vitro, and may do so through Ca++ mediated or dependent enhancement of the release of AA. PMID- 6808119 TI - Calcium-independent release of GABA from isolated horizontal cells of the toad retina. AB - 1. When toad retinae were incubated first with veratrine, then with antibodies that reacted with the outer segments of photoreceptors, and finally with complement, horizontal cells survived and most other neurones died. This preparation of 'isolated' horizontal cells accumulated radioactive GABA from the incubation medium. The subsequent release of radioactive GABA could then be measured. 2. The efflux of GABA was increased by exposure to an elevated potassium concentration or added glutamate. Both procedures are known to depolarize horizontal cells. 3. GABA in the external medium also increased the efflux of GABA. 4. The increase in GABA efflux produced by an elevated potassium concentration was unaffected with calcium in the external medium was replaced with cobalt and when sodium was replaced with choline or lithium. 5. The increase in GABA efflux produced by glutamate was unaffected when calcium was replaced with cobalt and when sodium was replaced with lithium, but was inhibited when sodium was replaced with choline. 6. The increase in GABA efflux produced by external GABA was unaffected when calcium was replaced with cobalt but required sodium. Neither choline nor lithium would substitute for sodium. 7. An increase in GABA efflux was accompanied by an increase in sodium efflux. 8. After a high concentration of GABA (2-20 mM) had produced a maximal increase in GABA efflux, the addition of glutamate produced no further effect. Conversely, after a high concentration of glutamate (2-20 mM) had produced a maximal increase in efflux, the addition of external GABA produced only a small further increase. These and the preceding results could occur if GABA release were mediated by a carrier system which could be activated by either depolarization or homoexchange. PMID- 6808121 TI - Input-output relationships of the central respiratory controller during peripheral muscle stimulation in cats. AB - 1. Inspiratory output responses, measured as integrated phrenic activity, to hypercapnia, to carotid sinus nerve stimulation, to unilateral and bilateral stimulation of calf muscles and to combinations of these stimuli were determined in paralysed, vagotomized and glomectomized cats whose end-tidal PCO2 was kept constant by means of a servo-controlled ventilator. 2. Confirming an earlier report (Eldridge, Gill-Kumar & Millhorn, 1981), the inspiratory response to progressive hypercapnic stimulation of the central chemoreceptors was not linear, and the responses to a constant carotid sinus nerve test stimulus were progressively decreased in magnitude as the pre-stimulus level of respiratory activity was increased by hypercapnia. 3. In contrast, the response to a test stimulus from calf muscles remained the same at all pre-stimulus levels of respiratory activity, whether conditioned by hypercapnia or by carotid sinus nerve stimulation. 4. Unlike the findings with chemoreceptor inputs, the combining of stimuli from right and left muscles exhibited an algebraically additive effect on output. 5. We suggested before that the decreasing responses to identical chemoreceptor inputs were due to progressive neuronal saturation of a common central pathway between these inputs and the respiratory controller. The absence of such behaviour with muscular afferent input indicates that this input does not travel to the respiratory controller by the same pathway as that common to the chemoreceptors. PMID- 6808122 TI - Octopamine mediated relaxation of maintained and catch tension in locust skeletal muscle. AB - 1. The modulatory actions of an identified octopaminergic neurone (DUMETi) that projects to the extensor-tibiae muscle of the locust hind leg depend upon the frequency of stimulation of the slow motoneurone (SETi) to this muscle. 2. At low frequencies of SETi stimulation (1Hz and below) the predominant modulatory effects are increases in the amplitude and relaxation rate of twitch tension. At higher frequencies, where twitches summate but tetanus is incomplete (up to 20 Hz), the reduction of maintained tension becomes considerably more important. 3. Both octopamine application and DUMETi stimulation reduce the amount of catch tension displayed by the extensor muscle when SETi is fired in a variety of different stimulus patterns. The extensor-tibiae muscle is itself 'pattern sensitive' since is shows a 'positive spacing effect' when SETi is stimulated at an average frequency of 1 Hz. 4. It is suggested that a primary function of DUMETi is to change the response of the muscle from one that favours maintenance of posture to one that favours rapid changes in joint position or force, such as might occur during locomotion. PMID- 6808120 TI - Single-site uptake of neutral amino acids into guinea-pig intestinal rings. AB - 1. A kinetic analysis of amino acid influx into guinea-pig small intestinal rings has been performed in an attempt to ascertain whether one or more transport sites for these substrates exists in the luminal membrane of the enterocyte. 2. No indirect correction for uptake into the extracellular space was applied, but it was assumed in the analysis that the total uptake included a diffusion term. This procedure was vindicated by the results obtained. 3. All analyses were performed by non-linear regression techniques. In many experiments, both substrate and inhibitor concentrations were varied within the same experiment, thus giving rise to three-dimensional diagrams describing transport processes. 4. All results pointed to the existence of a single transport agency shared by all amino acids tested. The kinetic constants, Km and Vmax, were independent of the concentration range used for their estimation; such behaviour would not be expected if several sites with different kinetic constants were available for transport. The value of KD, the constant describing the diffusive component of uptake, was the same when estimated from the uptake of an amino acid alone or when determined as the asymptote of the curve describing the inhibition of this uptake by an analogue. Finally, the Ki for an amino acid when used as an inhibitor was identical to its Km when used as substrate. This property was maintained even when the most disparate pair of amino acids, threonine and isoleucine, was examined. PMID- 6808123 TI - Growth cycle-dependent overproduction and accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in Tetrahymena: effect of heavy metals. AB - Cells of the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis GL overproduce and accumulate massive quantities of the heme intermediate, protoporphyrin IX. Protoporphyrin is localized intracellularly in discrete membranous compartments. The amount of porphyrin stored in the cell changes dramatically as cells progress through the growth cycle. Porphyrin overproduction is stimulated by delta-aminolevulinic acid, but only during the mid-stationary phase. Overproduction of protoporphyrin IX apparently results from an increase, late in the growth cycle, of activities subsequent to delta-aminolevulinic acid synthetase. Feedback inhibition in the pathway by accumulated protoporphyrin IX does not occur. The presence of Co2+ completely inhibits accumulation of protoporphyrin IX in a manner reversed by delta-aminolevulinic acid. Sn4+ stimulates protoporphyrin IX accumulation in the culture. PMID- 6808124 TI - A comparison of growth inhibition of Tetrahymena furgasoni by C19 and C21 steroids. AB - The growth inhibition of Tetrahymena furgasoni (once known as "T. pyriformis W") by C19 and C21 steroids of similar structure was measured by determining cell population at 24 h and 48 h following addition of the steroid. A cis-fusion of the A/B rings junction, unsaturation at C-1,2, or C-4,5 and carbonyl substitution all enhanced inhibition, whereas the presence of two hydroxyl groups decreased inhibition. The results indicated that the transformation of C19 and C21 steroids by this protozoon may be part of a detoxication mechanism. PMID- 6808126 TI - Aspects of the practical significance of current public health methods for the prevention of caries and periodontal disease. PMID- 6808125 TI - New priorities in prevention of oral disease. PMID- 6808127 TI - Plasma and pituitary hormone changes and follicular development after unilateral ovariectomy in cyclic rats. AB - After unilateral ovariectomy of 4-day-cyclic rats, plasma FSH increased over control values for 6--12 h after the surgery regardless of whether unilateral ovariectomy was performed before or after 08:00 h on the day of dioestrus, after which time compensatory ovulation did not occur at the next oestrus. Pituitary content of FSH also increased from 6 h after unilateral ovariectomy. In contrast, plasma and pituitary levels of LH and prolactin were generally within the range of values of sham-operated rats. Treatment with pentobarbitone between 13:00 and 14:00 h on the day of pro-oestrus in rats unilaterally ovariectomized after 08:00 h on dioestrus delayed the next spontaneous ovulation by 1 day and was accompanied by a rise in plasma FSH concentrations for 24 h and a doubling in the number of ovulations from the remaining ovary. Follicle counts showed an increase in large healthy follicles (greater than or equal to 501 micrometers diam.) and a decrease in atretic follicles in pentobarbitone-treated rats. It is suggested that the FSH rise induces compensatory follicular development and decreases follicular atresia when there is sufficient time for follicles to develop before the LH surge. PMID- 6808129 TI - Regulation of survival of rat pachytene spermatocytes by lactate supply from Sertoli cells. AB - During incubation of fragments of seminiferous tubules in the absence of glucose, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids died within 24 h, while Sertoli cells were still viable. The germ cells survived for at least 72 h in seminiferous tubule fragments which were incubated in the presence of glucose. Lactate rather than glucose is essential for [3H]uridine incorporation and survival of isolated pachytene spermatocytes. However, if the spermatocytes were incubated in the presence of Sertoli cells, glucose maintained the incorporation of [3H]uridine into the germ cells. Sertoli cells secreted lactate in the presence of glucose and the lactate secretion was stimulated 2--4-fold by FSH. It is concluded that the activity and survival of pachytene spermatocytes in vitro can be regulated by the supply of lactate from Sertoli cells. PMID- 6808128 TI - Ovarian-endocrine-behavioural function in the domestic cat treated with exogenous gonadotrophins during mid-gestation. AB - Treatment of pregnant cats with FSH on Days 33--37 and hCG on Days 38 and 39 induced development of vesicular follicles (mean 9.3 follicles/cat), ovulation (mean 3.4 corpora lutea/cat) and behavioural oestrus (5/7 cats). In the gonadotrophin-treated females, oestradiol-17 beta concentrations gradually increased but serum progesterone levels remained constant although in saline treated females mean serum oestradiol-17 beta concentrations remained basal and progesterone concentrations gradually declined. The results indicated that (1) the feline ovary and related mechanisms for inducing sexual receptivity were not refractory to exogenous gonadotrophic stimulation during mid-gestation and (2) hCG administered after serial injections of FSH during pregnancy may potentiate ovarian oestradiol-17 beta secretion. PMID- 6808130 TI - Evidence for direct inhibition of ovarian function by prolactin. PMID- 6808132 TI - Neocept: a simple, sensitive urine test of early pregnancy in women undergoing ovulation induction. AB - Fifty-five anovulatory women undergoing hMG-hCG treatment in order to become pregnant had daily first morning urine specimens and blood samples drawn, starting from the 11th postovulatory day. The urine was tested with Neocept and the blood with a radioreceptor assay or a radioimmunoassay for beta-subunits of hCG. Twenty-two of the women became pregnant. The pregnancies were detected by Neocept within a span of 12 to 19 days after ovulation. On the day of the first positive urine test, the mean serum concentration of the beta-subunit of hCG in 17 women was 103 +/- 10.1 (S.D.) mIU/ml (range, 39 to 200), and the mean serum level of 5 women tested by the radioreceptor assay was 206.5 +/- 6.5 mIU/ml (range, 170 to 220). Of 8 women with a positive urine test on day 15 or sooner, only 1 aborted, whereas 7 of the 14 women who were found thereafter to be positive aborted. None of the treated women who ovulated but did not conceive had a positive urine test. Of these women there were nine with a prolonged luteal phase (18 to 22 days). PMID- 6808133 TI - Alkaline phosphatase inhibition by a series of pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolines: A possible relationship with cromolyn-like antiallergy activity. AB - Several known antiallergic agents, including cromolyn sodium and a series of pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolines, inhibit human alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a membranal enzyme associated with calcium uptake in certain tissues. A comparison of ALP and rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) inhibition indicates that PCA inhibition may be associated with drug-ALP interaction, since ALP inhibition potency parallels PCA inhibitory activity. The unpredictability of the PCA test toward clinical efficacy could in part be related to the uncompetitive nature of these inhibitors. The results also suggest that alkaline phosphatase may be a component of membranal calcium channels. PMID- 6808134 TI - Isoxazolidine-3,5-diones as lens aldose reductase inhibitors. PMID- 6808131 TI - Hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and premature ovarian failure: a review. AB - Amenorrhea with hypergonadotropinism consists of several distinct disorders. Affected individuals should be investigated thoroughly and not merely told they have ovarian failure. Accumulating evidence suggests that some women with "premature ovarian failure" do indeed ovulate again and even conceive. Thus, elevated levels of circulating gonadotropins can no longer be regarded as establishing that the ovaries are devoid of all oocytes. Delineation of all of the causes of hypergonadotropic amenorrhea and the establishment of rational means of inducing ovulation in women with follicles remaining are clearly tasks for present and future investigations. PMID- 6808135 TI - Enhanced resistance to Listeria monocytogenes due to non-specifically activated macrophages in aged mice. AB - Age-related modification of protection to L. monocytogenes by macrophages was examined. Cumulative mortality rates of old (15-month-old) or very old (24 to 26 month-old) mice were lower than that of young (3-month-old) mice after an intravenous inoculation of L. monocytogenes. The numbers of bacteria in the livers and spleens of old or very old mice were smaller than that of young mice at an early stage of infection (1 day or 3 days). Adversely, the numbers of bacteria in old or very old mice were larger than in young mice at a late stage (7 days). Enhanced resistance to L. monocytogenes was shown not only in the case of systemic infection after an intravenous bacterial challenge, but also in the case of local infection in the thigh muscle or subcutaneous air cavity. The number of macrophages accumulating to the infected sites in old mice was not larger over a five day period than that in young mice in the case of local infection in a subcutaneous air cavity. Peritoneal macrophages derived from old mice suppressed more effectively the bacterial growth within macrophages in vitro than did those derived from young mice. These results suggest that the macrophage function of aged mice is not impaired and non-specifically activated macrophages contribute to the protection to L. monocytogenes in aged mice. PMID- 6808137 TI - Infection in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and squirrel (Saimiri sciureus) monkeys due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis phage type B. Outbreak in a primate colony. PMID- 6808136 TI - Leucocyte migration inhibition assay from clotted plasma droplets. AB - Two different techniques for performing leucocyte migration inhibition factor (LIF) assays were compared. A clotted plasma droplet LIF assay gives similar results as the conventional capillary tube method, but it is more sensitive and technically simpler to perform, and less blood is required for the assay. The plasma droplet method is suitable for particulate (BCG) as well as soluble (PPD) antigens, provided that the culture medium is supplemented with horse or human serum. If foetal calf serum is used no inhibition can be demonstrated with soluble antigen. Defibrinated blood gives the most clear-cut results and LIF activity can still be detected even after 24 hours storage of samples. EDTA anti coagulated blood can alternatively be used, but it is less stable. The assay can still be performed after 3 hours storage of the blood, although the migration inhibition is decreasing. After 24 hours storage EDTA anticoagulated blood cannot be used for LIF assays. PMID- 6808138 TI - Charge clusters and the orientation of membrane proteins. PMID- 6808139 TI - Multiple transport pathways for neutral amino acids in rabbit jejunal brush border vesicles. AB - Amino acids enter rabbit jejunal brush border membrane vesicles via three major transport systems: (1) simple passive diffusion; (2) Na-independent carriers; and (3) Na-dependent carriers. The passive permeability sequence of amino acids is very similar to that observed in other studies involving natural and artificial membranes. Based on uptake kinetics and cross-inhibition profiles, at least two Na-independent and three Na-dependent carrier-mediated pathways exist. One Na independent pathway, similar to the classical L system, favors neutral amino acids, while the other pathway favors dibasic amino acids such as lysine. One Na dependent pathway primarily serves neutral L-amino acids including 2-amino-2 norbornanecarboxylic acid hemihydrate (BCH), but not beta-alanine or alpha methylaminoisobutyric acid (MeAIB). Another Na-dependent route favors phenylalanine and methionine, while the third pathway is selective for imino acids and MeAIB. Li is unable to substitute for Na in these systems. Cross inhibition profiles indicated that none of the Na-dependent systems conform to classical A or ACS paradigms. Other notable features of jejunal brush border vesicles include (1) no beta-alanine carrier, and (2) no major proline/glycine interactions. PMID- 6808140 TI - Extracellular Ca2+ and the effect of antidiuretic hormone on the water permeability of the toad urinary bladder: an example of flow-induced alteration of flow. AB - The extracellular Ca2+ requirement for antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation of water permeability in the toad urinary bladder has been critically examine. The polarity of the tissue was maintained with 1 mM Ca2+ in the mucosal bathing medium and a serosal bath nominally free of Ca2+. Under these conditions, ADH induced osmotic water flow was inhibited by more than 60% while enhancement of the diffusional permeability to water was unaffected. Structural studies revealed that low serosal Ca2+ led to parallel alterations in epithelial architecture that amounted to a significant distortion of the osmotic water pathway. Prevention of these alterations, or restoration of normal cell-cell contact showed that the reduction of serosal Ca2+ did not restrict hormonal action per se, but that it resulted in a weakening of cell-cell junctions such that intercellular space distension during water flow occurred to a point where the geometric conditions for maintenance of osmotic flow were compromised. We conclude that extracellular Ca2+ is not a requirement for the molecular aspects of ADH action but that, in its absence, a direct measurement of ADH-induced osmotic flow proves to be an inaccurate index of the hormone-generated changes in epithelial transport characteristics. Under certain conditions the ADH-effect on the tissue's hydraulic permeability is probably best assessed by measurement of the diffusional permeability to water; although accuracy in this determination is difficult, it is not as strongly dependent on tissue geometry. PMID- 6808141 TI - Increase in size of sonicated phospholipid vesicles in the presence of detergents. AB - Triton X-100, sodium dodecylsulphate, sodium cholate, and beta-octylglucoside increase the size of sonicated, but not of unsonicated, phospholipid vesicles above the Tc gel to liquid-crystalline transition temperature. Lysophosphatidylcholine or glyceryl monooleate do not increase liposome size under these circumstances. The observed phenomenon of vesicle growth is virtually unaffected by phospholipid composition, surface potential, calcium ions, EDTA, or albumin. The presence of cholesterol makes the vesicles more susceptible to detergent-induced growth. The presence of detergents, even at concentrations much lower than required to observe any increase in vesicle size, favors the liberation of vesicle contents. These results may have implications concerning membrane fusion as well as the reconstitution of membrane proteins in the presence of detergents. PMID- 6808144 TI - Evolutionary implications of a complex pattern of DNA sequence homology extending far upstream of the hsp70 genes at loci 87A7 and 87C1 in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6808142 TI - Electrolytes control flows of water across the apical barrier in toad skin: the hydrosmotic salt effect. PMID- 6808143 TI - Effect of chloride withdrawal on the geometry of the T-tubules in amphibian and mammalian muscle. AB - The relative chloride permeabilities of the T-tubule membranes in mammalian (rat sternomastoid) and amphibian (toad sartorius) skeletal muscle fibers have been assessed from the change in volume of the T-tubules during chloride withdrawal from fibers exposed to low extracellular chloride concentrations. A 3.5- to 4.2 fold increase in T-tubule volume was found in mammalian fibers, and this was shown to be independent of the composition of the low chloride solution or the nature of the fixative used in preparation for electron microscopy. The increase in T-tubule volume was transient and was inhibited by factors which block chloride conductance, i.e., low pH, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and nitrate ions. A small increase (1.48-fold) in T-tubule volume was seen in amphibian fibers when chloride ions were replaced by sulphate ions. No increase in volume was observed in amphibian T-tubules when methyl sulphate ions replaced chloride ions. The results support the idea that the chloride permeability of the T-tubule membrane is significantly higher in mammalian fibers than in amphibian fibers. PMID- 6808145 TI - Regulation and transcription direction of exuR, a self-regulated repressor in escherichia coli K-12. PMID- 6808146 TI - Genetic evidence for a positive-acting regulatory factor mediating induction in the tryptophan pathway of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6808148 TI - Some practical problems arising from use of the gamma multihit model for risk estimation. AB - The Scientific Committee of the Food Safety Council recently recommended use of the gamma multihit model for risk assessment. Some practical problems arising from the use of this model are presented. In some instances the model produces what appear to be unreasonably high "safe dose" estimates. In other instances the estimates appear unrealistically low. Neither the original "standard" nor the "conservative" confidence limits seem adequate for practical application. The assumptions leading to the use of Abbott's correction are difficult to verify, but have a great effect on safe dose estimates. Indeed, the introduction of as little as 1% additive background into the gamma multihit model leads to safe dose estimates closer to those produced by the Armitage-Doll model than to those of the pure gamma multihit model. PMID- 6808149 TI - Biointeraction of sodium selenite and aflatoxin B1 in the Mongolian gerbil. AB - The interaction of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was studied in 6-wk-old male Mongolian gerbils. Each of four groups of gerbils were fed one of the following diets during a 12-wk experimental period: control (commercial Chow), 5.0 ppm Na2SeO3, 12.8 ppm AFB1, or 5.09 ppm Na2SeO3 + 12.8 ppm AFB1. Animals receiving Na2SeO3 in the diet, alone and with AFB1, had a significantly lower mean total weight gain during the experiment than did control animals. Animals receiving both compounds together displayed a very high level of physical activity compared to the three other groups. Blood analysis showed no change in total leukocytes, but the relative percentage of lymphocytes increased and the percentage of neutrophils decreased concurrently in the order: control less than AFB1 less than Na2SeO3 + AFB1 les than Na2SeO3. A significant reduction in organ weight relative to body weight was observed in the liver, kidney, and lung of the animals fed AFB1 alone but only in the liver of those fed both Na2SeO3 and AFB1. No similar alterations were observed in the Na2SeO3 group. Histopathological examination revealed considerably less hepatic damage in animals fed Na2SeO3 with AFB1 than in those receiving either compound alone. Renal and intestinal damage, however, was most severe in this double-treatment group. Hepatic protein analysis revealed two protein peaks in the Na2SeO3 + AFB1 group that were absent in all other groups. It was concluded that these proteins may be selenoproteins directly or indirectly involved in the lower incidence of histopathological damage in this group. PMID- 6808147 TI - Molecular evolution of Drosophila and higher Diptera. I. Micro-complement fixation studies of a larval hemolymph protein. AB - LHP is a suitable protein for studying evolution in flies (Diptera). This blood protein, which occurs at high concentration late in larval development, was purified to homogeneity from 5 species of Drosophilidae and one species each of Tephritidae and Calliphoridae. Rabbit antisera to the purified LHPs allowed immunological comparisons to be made with the micro-complement fixation technique. Various indirect tests indicated that immunological distance is a reliable estimator of the degree of amino acid sequence difference between LHPs from different species. An evolutionary tree for the 7 LHPs was constructed from the immunological distances with the method of Fitch and Margoliash (1967) to provide the branching order and the method of Chakraborty (1977) to provide the branch lengths. A modified method of tree construction allowed LHPs from 10 additional species to be attached to this tree. The resulting LHP tree for 17 species agrees approximately in branching order with that based on Throckmorton's study of 60 anatomical traits. However, the ratio of anatomical change to LHP change along branches within the tree varies widely, confirming the independence of organismal and molecular evolution. The LHP tree thus provides a new perspective on evolution within and among the families of higher Diptera. PMID- 6808150 TI - A post-mortem study of the thymolymphatic system in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6808151 TI - Some aspects of malnutrition in Tehran. PMID- 6808153 TI - Smooth muscle tropomyosin paracrystals. PMID- 6808152 TI - Assessment of nutritional status. A comparison of methods. PMID- 6808154 TI - Changes in shape and size of cat spinal root myelinated nerve fibers during fixation and Vestopal-w embedding for electron microscopy. PMID- 6808155 TI - DNA polymerase requirements for parvovirus H-1 DNA replication in vitro. AB - An in vitro system using nuclei from parvovirus H-1-infected cells was used to characterize the influence of inhibitors of mammalian DNA polymerases on viral DNA synthesis. The experiments tested the effects of aphidicolin, which is highly specific for DNA polymerase alpha, and 2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate (ddTTP), which inhibits cellular DNA polymerases in the order gamma greater than beta greater than alpha. Both aphidicolin and ddTTP were inhibitory, indicating that both polymerase alpha and a ddttp-sensitive enzyme are required for viral DNA synthesis. This was seen more clearly in kinetic measurements, which indicated an initial period of rapid DNA synthesis with the participation of polymerase alpha, followed by a period of less rapid, but more sustained, rate of DNA synthesis carried out by a ddTTP-sensitive enzyme, probably polymerase gamma. One interpretation of the results is that polymerase alpha functions in a strand displacement stage of the viral DNA replication mechanism, whereas polymerase gamma serves to convert the displaced single strands back to double-strand replicative form. PMID- 6808156 TI - Specificity and localization of the hepatitis B virus-associated protein kinase. AB - The nature of the protein kinase (PK) which phosphorylates the core protein of hepatitis B virus in vitro was studied. The PK copurified with the core particles during rate zonal centrifugation and gel chromatography. It showed the same size heterogeneity as the core particles, which consisted of a main fraction of 28-nm particles and a subfraction of 22- to 26-nm particles. DNA-containing heavy core particles with a density of 1.33 to 1.35 g/ml and less endogenous PK than did the light cores. The phosphorylation reaction had a rapid initial phase (several minutes) and a slow but long-lasting second phase (many hours). The PK had a high affinity for ATP (KM = 0.5 mumol/liter). Only few of the several hundred P21.9 subunits in one core particle were phosphorylated in vitro. The only amino acid which was phosphorylated in vitro was serine. The resistance of the introduced phospho group against alkaline phosphatase showed that the PK acceptor, and probably the enzyme itself, was located inside the core particle. PMID- 6808157 TI - Transcriptional regulation of bacteriophage SPO1 protein synthesis in vivo and in vitro. AB - There are six classes of SPO1 transcripts which are, at least partially, regulated independently of each other. Analysis of proteins made in infections by phage mutants defective in DNA synthesis, or in genes which positively control transcription, permitted each protein to be assigned to one transcription class. Most of the late proteins belong to transcription class m2l. There seem to be few, if any, phage proteins in the l class whose mRNA synthesis depends absolutely on phage DNA synthesis, UV irradiation of host cells allowed the detection of many additional early proteins. The early proteins detected in vivo were compared with proteins synthesized in vitro, using bacterial or gp28 phage modified RNA polymerase in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. Proteins characterized in vivo as belonging to the e transcription class could be made efficiently in vitro only when transcription was performed by bacterial RNA polymerase. em proteins could be elicited through the use of either bacterial or gp28 polymerase, indicating that their genes can be transcribed in either the early or the middle mode. PMID- 6808158 TI - Sarcocystis sp. in the eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus). AB - Sarcocystis sp. was observed in 100 of 185 (54.1%) Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) examined in Pennsylvania over a three year period. Gross and histologic examination commonly revealed cysts in skeletal muscle of the fore and hind legs, flanks and loins. Two rabbits had cysts in esophageal skeletal muscle. Host response to Sarcocystis sp. is described. Adult rabbits had a significantly greater rate of infection (69.3%) than juveniles (20.7%) (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6808159 TI - Pancreatic infections of Myxobolus osburni Herrick (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) in the pumpkinseed, Lepomis gibbosus (Linnaeus) in Iowa. AB - Cysts of Myxobolus osburni occurred throughout the pancreas in 119 of 150 (79.3%) pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) from West Lake Okoboji, northwest Iowa during the summer, 1980. None of 341 bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) were infected. Lobate cysts (up to 3 mm diameters) adjacent to the gall bladder contained sporulating plasmodia and mature spore masses. Inflammatory responses in the infected pancreas included engorged blood vessels, endocrine cell nuclei pyknosis, leukocyte (mostly lymphocyte) infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, dark pigment deposition and fibrosis. Host reaction was most pronounced in pancreas containing unencapsulated spore aggregates. Spore variability and plasmodial structure are also described. PMID- 6808160 TI - Leiomyosarcoma and perirenal osseous metaplasia in a Rusa hind (Cervus timoriensis). AB - A large mesenteric tumour in a Rusa hind (Cervus tiomoriensis) was diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma on the basis of tumour size, degree of necrosis, cellular pleomorphism, anaplasia, mitotic activity and evidence of local invasion. Rupture of the tumour and consequent haemorrhage was the immediate cause of death. Both kidneys were enclosed in bony masses which appeared to have replaced the normal perirenal fat. The bone was normal cancellous bone with active haemopoietic marrow. There did not appear to be any connection between the tumour and the metaplastic perirenal bone. PMID- 6808161 TI - Sarcocystis of deer in South Dakota. AB - The prevalence of Sarcocystis in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and mule deer (O. hemionus) in South Dakota was determined through microscopic examination of tongue samples. The percentage of Sarcocystis infection for both species of deer was determined for prairies east of the Missouri River, west of the Missouri River, and Black Hills of western South Dakota. Sixteen percent (N = 62) of the white-tailed deer tongues from East River, 69% (N = 42) from West River, and 74% (N = 23) from the Black Hills were infected. Prevalence for mule deer was 88% (N = 24), 78% (N = 63), and 75% (N = 12) from East River, West River, and the Black Hills, respectively. Of 50 tongue samples obtained from both species of deer during a special antlerless deer hunt in the Black Hills in 1978, 66% were infected. Coyotes (Canis latrans), dogs (Canis familiaris), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), a gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), bobcat (Felis rufus), and raccoon (Procyon lotor) were fed muscle from white-tailed deer and mule deer naturally infected with Sarcocystis to determine their role as definitive hosts. All coyotes, dogs, and the gray fox shed sporocysts, while none were recovered from the other animals. Sporocysts shed by coyotes were counted and concentrated into an inoculum and administered to a white-tailed deer fawn, which was necropsied 85 days after inoculation. Sections of heart, tongue, esophagus, diaphragm, and skeletal muscle were found to be heavily infected with sarcocysts, while sarcocysts were not detected in a control fawn. PMID- 6808163 TI - Sarcoptes scabiei infestation of the coyote (Canis latrans), illustrated by the scanning electron microscopy. PMID- 6808164 TI - Sarcocystis in a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). PMID- 6808162 TI - Prevalence and distribution of Sarcocystis spp. among white-tailed deer of the southeastern United States. AB - Sarcocysts were found by light microscopic examination of muscle in 199 (51%) of 390 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from the southeastern United States. Sarcocystis infections were detected more frequently in histologic sections of tongue (45%) than of heart (9%). Sarcocysts were significantly more prevalent in adult deer (54%) than fawns (26%) (P less than .01). Statistically significant differences in prevalence were not found in deer from different physiographic provinces or between sexes. Artificial digestion was more sensitive in detecting Sarcocystis infections than examination of histologic sections when both techniques were used to examine tongues of 35 deer. Three different size sporocysts, possibly representing at least two species of Sarcocystis, were recovered during feeding trials. Seven dogs (Canis familiaris) shed sporocysts 9 to 12 days after eating infected venison. Sporocysts measured 13.4-16.8 x 9.0 12.3 micrometers with an average measurement of 15.2 x 10.9 micrometers (N = 195). One of three cats (Felis catus) and one of two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) first shed sporocysts of Sarcocystis 10 days after eating infected venison. Sporocysts from the cat measured 11.2-13.4 x 6.72-8.96 micrometers (avg 12.0 x 8.7 micrometers, N = 18), and those from the fox measured 11.2-15.7 x 9.0-11.2 micrometers (avg 13.6 x 10.2 micrometers, N = 7). PMID- 6808165 TI - Measuring central venous pressure through hyperalimentation catheters. PMID- 6808167 TI - Use of lipid calories during pneumococcal sepsis in the Rhesus monkey. PMID- 6808166 TI - Dangers of intravenous ritodrine in diabetic patients. PMID- 6808169 TI - A comparison of essential and general amino acid infusions in the nutritional support of patients with compromised renal function. PMID- 6808168 TI - Changes in body protein, body potassium, and lean body mass during total parenteral nutrition. AB - Lean body mass by anthropometry (AMLBM), total body potassium (TBK), and total body nitrogen (TBN) by prompt gamma analysis, are reported in 38 malnourished patients during total parenteral nutrition. Over long periods (greater than 2 months) TBN increased 32% while AMLBM and TBK rose only by 9.2 and 9.5%, respectively. Changes in AMLBM and in K were significantly correlated, but changes in nitrogen were not correlated with either. From short-term studies, the same conclusions can be obtained; although there are changes in lean body mass and in potassium, there is no correlation with such changes in nitrogen. With repletion, changes in body protein are not necessarily related to changes in AMLBM or to TBK: the latter two reflecting total and intracellular water, respectively, but not protein content. PMID- 6808170 TI - Hyperammonemia during total parenteral nutrition in children. AB - Serial blood ammonia (NH3) determinations in 19 low birth weight (LBW) infants, 14 term neonates and 12 children receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) have shown that 73% of patients had one or more elevated NH3 values (greater than 150 micrograms/dl). The mean blood NH3 was 220 +/- 13 micrograms/dl in LBW infants, 180 +/- 9 micrograms/dl in 10 infants, and 140 +/- 7 micrograms/dl in children. All of these values are significantly higher than normal (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in incidence or mean blood ammonia concentration between patients receiving casein hydrolysate and those receiving a crystalline amino acid solution. Only four patients were symptomatic and several infants remained fully alert despite blood NH3 concentration in excess of 400 micrograms/dl. One infant who had sustained hyperammonemia was given another amino acid source (Travasol) containing 1.2 mmol/dl of arginine; blood NH3 promptly fell to the normal range. However, six of seven additional infants had hyperammonemia while receiving Travasol (mean = 184 micrograms/dl). Hyperammonemia is common during TPN in children, often is not recognized clinically, and occurs with equal frequency in infants and older children. The high levels observed in LBW infants may be due to hepatic immaturity. Blood NH3 concentration should be monitored frequently during TPN. Persistent hyperammonemia should be treated by decreasing protein content of the infusate. The role of supplemental arginine is unclear. PMID- 6808171 TI - Prognostic nutrition factors in lung cancer patients. AB - To examine the effect of nutritional support via intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) on tolerance, response, and survival, a prospective study of patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung receiving chemotherapy with or without IVH was undertaken. Results indicated a more favorable survival in patients with a greater than 74% initial triceps skinfold and a less than 4% initial weight loss. The effect of IVH was reflected by greater weight gain in those patients receiving nutritional support 10 days prior to chemotherapy or simultaneous with chemotherapy; however, IVH had no significant advantage to improved survival or response. PMID- 6808172 TI - Energy intake and the appearance of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in serum lipids during parenteral nutrition without fat. AB - During parenteral nutrition without fat, biochemical changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids may occur, such as a decrease in the concentration of linoleic and arachidonic acid and an increase of 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. In various reports on essential fatty acid deficiency in parenteral nutrition, the rates and degrees of these changes in fatty acid composition of serum lipids are different. We have tested the hypothesis that a relationship exists between the energy intake and the increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid in parenteral nutrition without fat. The hypothesis is based on the assumption that mobilization of lipids from body fat, and thus of stored essential fatty acids, only takes place when energy intake is below requirements. Seventeen patients with gastrointestinal diseases were fed parenterally without fat during 1 to 5 weeks (mean 3.5 week). The energy supply to the patients varied from 88 to 222 kilo Joules per kilogram per day. In all patients, the fatty acid pattern of the serum phospholipid fraction was determined weekly. It appeared that those patients with the highest energy intake per kilogram body weight showed the lowest increase in 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid. In ten patients, energy was given as glucose and fructose, in seven patients as sorbitol. The type of carbohydrate investigated did not influence the changes in the fatty acid pattern. Results show further that the individual values of the concentrations of 5,8,11 eicosatrienoic acid and of arachidonic acid provide more information concerning the essential fatty acid status of a patient than the commonly used ratio of these two fatty acids. PMID- 6808173 TI - Role of total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of complications following surgery for morbid obesity. AB - Although morbidly obese patients are assumed to be overnourished, they require the same intake of nitrogen postoperatively as other patients to achieve anabolism and to spare endogenous protein. Total parenteral nutrition was employed in six morbidly obese patients with complications following gastric partitioning that precluded oral intake and was considered essential to their recovery. PMID- 6808174 TI - Rapidly declining serum albumin values in newly hospitalized patients: prevalence, severity, and contributory factors. AB - We had noted that a number of hospitalized patients showed abnormally low serum albumin levels within a few days of admission, although the albumin had been normal at admission. Since this rapid decline in albumin could not be accounted for on the basis of starvation, we hypothesized that the changes were due to the increase in intravascular fluid volume which normally occurs with assumption of the recumbent position. Since albumin is often a nutritional screening parameter in hospitalized patients, it is important to ascertain the incidence of such profound changes in albumin as well as to identify possible causes for this change. A survey of 34 concurrent hospital admissions showed that 28 out of 34 (82%) patients had a decline in serum albumin within 5 days of hospitalization. These 28 patients had a decrease of 0.5 +/- 0.09 g/dl. Twenty-five additional patients were studied in order to elucidate causative factors. Twenty out of the 25 showed a decrease in serum albumin within 5 days of admission (mean decrease 0.5 +/- 0.05 g/dl). Hemoglobins in these patients decreased by a mean of 1.1 +/- 0.34 g/dl (p less than 0.01), but BUN and uric acid levels did not change significantly. The one factor common to all patients with declining albumin values was change in posture. All patients were ambulatory at the time of the initial albumin determination but were on bedrest for at least 6 1/2 hours before the second determination. The findings indicate that most hospitalized patients have significant changes in serum albumin levels which occur with change in posture. If the albumin level is to be used as a nutritional indicator, the patient's position at the time of phlebotomy is essential for accurate interpretation of results. PMID- 6808175 TI - Use of op site as an occlusive dressing for total parenteral nutrition catheters. AB - A retrospective study of standard hyperalimentation catheter dressing compared to the use of Op Site has demonstrated that Op Site is cost and time effective and is efficacious for attaining a low catheter sepsis rate. It is easy for nursing personnel to apply and comfortable for the patients to wear. Op Site may be contraindicated in diaphoretic patients. PMID- 6808176 TI - Rickets in premature infants receiving parenteral nutrition: a case report and review of the literature. AB - There is a multifactorial etiology for rickets in premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. As an example of this, we describe a premature infant fed almost exclusively parenterally for the first 8 months of life who developed biochemical and radiologic evidence of rickets despite receiving vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus at presently recommended levels. From our experience and a review of previous literature, there appears to be considerable uncertainty regarding the intravenous requirements of calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D, particularly in low-birth weight infants. Therefore, measurements of serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D levels, vitamin D, and mineral intakes, and calcium and phosphorus excretion might be clinically useful for monitoring premature infants receiving total parenteral nutrition. Further research delineating more precisely the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus requirements of such infants is also suggested. PMID- 6808178 TI - Teaching home parenteral nutrition to patients with limited compliance skills. AB - Information gathered from psychological and behavioral assessment procedures was used to select a teaching approach for two home parenteral nutrition patients with limited abilities to learn--and therefore to comply with--their regimens. A "behavior shaping" procedure, involving the simplification of complex home parenteral nutrition tasks, resulted in significantly improved performance by both patients. Results suggest that these procedures may be applied to other home parenteral nutrition patients, including those without apparent skill deficits. PMID- 6808177 TI - Successful diagnosis and treatment of cardiac perforation due to subclavian catheter during total parenteral nutrition. AB - A case of atrial perforation by a subclavian vein catheter, which was inserted for total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is reported. Acute thoracic symptoms developed 3 days after the infusion was started. The diagnosis was correctly made by demonstrating contrast medium within the pericardial sac. The catheter was withdrawn and the patient recovered satisfactorily. The clinical picture and the differential diagnosis of this complication are discussed. PMID- 6808179 TI - Compatibility of 5-fluorouracil and total parenteral nutrition solutions. AB - The physicochemical stability and availability of 0.1% 5-fluorouracil solutions in D5W and a typical total parenteral nutrition solution (hypertonic dextrose and crystalline amino acids) were studied in both glass and Viaflex delivery systems. Serial samples collected over a 48-hour period were assayed for 5-fluorouracil concentration using a high performance liquid chromatographic technique. Changes in the pH as well as precipitate formation were also investigated. There was no reduction in the amount of 5-fluorouracil at 48 hours in either the glass or plastic system, regardless of whether the drug was added to D5W or to the total parenteral nutrition solution. No pH changes or precipitates were observed. These findings indicate that 5-fluorouracil is compatible with and available from total parenteral solutions of hypertonic dextrose and amino acid in both plastic and glass containers. Use of such a system would allow for (1) a reduction in vascular access in patients receiving both treatments and (2) continued administration of nutritional support without the requirement for additional fluid volume. PMID- 6808181 TI - Facial vasodilation - blushing. PMID- 6808180 TI - Experience with double lumen right atrial catheters. AB - A double lumen right atrial catheter was placed in 57 allogeneic marrow transplant recipients, and its use was compared to a concurrent series of 63 patients receiving the large-bore single lumen catheter. Ten double lumen catheter recipients developed septicemia, while neutropenic with granulocyte counts less than 100 per cubic centimeter, and three had their catheters removed for persistent septicemia. Seventeen single lumen catheter recipients developed septicemia while granulocytopenic, and one had the catheter removed for persistent septicemia. Hyperalimentation was more effectively delivered with the double lumen catheter which provides a route for infusion of hyperalimentation solutions at a constant rate during infusions of blood products, antibiotics, and other fluids. PMID- 6808183 TI - Bacteriological analysis of wound infection in Mayo Hospital, Lahore. PMID- 6808184 TI - Antibacterial sensitivity pattern in urinary tract infection 1975-79. PMID- 6808185 TI - Extra-nodal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: a morphological study of 23 patients. PMID- 6808186 TI - Macleod's syndrome. PMID- 6808182 TI - Degenerative and compensatory changes in the basal amygdaloid neurons under cortical disorders. PMID- 6808187 TI - Isolated splenic vein occlusion: a report of two cases. PMID- 6808188 TI - Electrophysiological effects of disopyramide phosphate in patients with sinus node dysfunction. AB - The electrophysiological effects of intravenous administration of disopyramide (1.5 mg/kg) were studied in 26 patients with sinus node dysfunction (SND). Disopyramide shortened spontaneous cycle length (SCL) in 12 patients and lengthened it in 4. Maximum sinus node recovery time (max SRT) was prolonged in 9 patients and shortened in 6. Estimated sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) was prolonged in 4 and shortened in 4 out of 10 patients in whom this measurement was possible. However, these changes were not statistically significant. Neither were there any significant changes in PA and AH intervals nor refractory periods of the AV node. HV intervals and refractory periods of the atrium at matched cycle length were significantly lengthened. Atrial echo beats and atrial premature beats disappeared in 7 of 12 patients treated with disopyramide. In all of these 7 patients atrial refractory period were increased. Thus, the disappearance of atrial echo beats and atrial premature beats was thought to be due to a prolonged atrial refractoriness. In 4 patients who had supraventricular arrhythmias without having either marked prolongation of max SRT or episodes of syncope, disopyramide was administered orally for a long term, during which these arrhythmias and symptoms disappeared and sinus rate increased. These results suggest that disopyramide is useful in patients with SND and supraventricular arrhythmias. PMID- 6808189 TI - [Mycoplasma, with special reference to its pathogenesis and distribution in man, animals and plants]. PMID- 6808190 TI - [The effect of various extraction procedures on germination of PCMB-treated Bacillus megaterium spores (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808191 TI - [Studies on enzymatic acetylation of chloramphenicol by chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria. GC-mass analysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808193 TI - [Easy method for infectivity titration of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by infected cell counting (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808192 TI - [Studies on the bacterial spore coat. (10) Role of surface metals in germination of Bacillus megaterium spores (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808194 TI - [Intravenous hyperalimentation in the management of children with cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808195 TI - [Transient remission of a non-haemophilic patient with acquired factor VIII inhibitor treated with a single infusion of factor VIII and cyclophosphamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808196 TI - [Sodium transport in amphibian epithelia]. PMID- 6808197 TI - [Enteral nutrition for liver failure]. PMID- 6808198 TI - [Development of radioimmunoassays for drugs and their applications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808200 TI - [Studies on biosynthesis of gastric mucosal glycoprotein in gastric diseases. II. UDP-galactosyl transferase activity of human gastric mucosa in various gastric diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808203 TI - Polymorphism and evolution of the Rh blood groups. PMID- 6808199 TI - [Quantitative analysis of myocardial imaging by thallium-201 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808204 TI - [Microcirculation and peripheral circulation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808202 TI - [A fundamental study on the dissolution and disintegration of calcium bilirubinate stone (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808201 TI - [Implication of blood-transfusion in non-A, non-B chronic liver diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808205 TI - Transmission of scrub typhus to human volunteers by laboratory-reared chiggers. AB - Laboratory-reared, Rickettsia tsutsugamushi-infected Leptotrombidium arenicola and L. fletcheri chiggers were fed on 1 and 2 human volunteers respectively. All subjects developed typical clinical signs and symptoms of scrub typhus beginning days 8-10 post chigger attachment (PCA); these included fever, severe headache, myalgia, regional lymphadenopathy, and eschar. The two L. fletcheri subjects developed a transient generalized rash on days 3-4 after the onset of fever, and these two individuals also appeared to suffer a more severe clinical disease. Rickettsemias were detected in all three volunteers beginning on day 7 PCA, 1-3 days before the onset of clinical disease. Rises in indirect fluorescent antibody titers occurred starting on days 13-19 PCA (day 4-11 post fever) and in Weil Felix OXK titers starting on days 26-22 PCA (days 7-14 post fever). These results strongly suggest that the use of laboratory-reared chiggers is a reliable means of transmitting scrub typhus infections to volunteers. PMID- 6808207 TI - Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by 3'-methyl-4-dimethylamino azobenzene (3'-me DAB) in rat liver mitochondria. AB - Effects of 3'-Me-DAB on MAO in rat liver mitochondria, in vitro, were investigated. 3'-Me-DAB at a concentration of 1 x 10(-5) M inhibits MAO activity about 40%, and this inhibition recovered to the control value after dialysis overnight against 0.001 M phosphate buffer. MAO activity was inhibited in an apparently competitive fashion by 3'-Me-DAB. These results indicate that 3'-Me DAB binds to mitochondrial MAO with a weak affinity in vitro. The Km value toward benzylamine was 220 microM using both the mitochondria from the liver of rats fed a basal diet and those from rats ingesting 3'-Me-DAB. The activity of these enzyme preparations did not revert after dialysis to the control values of rats fed a basal diet. The titration experiment of MAO by pargyline suggests that the decrease of MAO activity, in vitro, is mainly due to the decrease of active MAO molecules in these mitochondrial preparations from livers of rats ingesting 3'-Me DAB. PMID- 6808206 TI - [Clinical evaluation of red blood cell ferritin and serum ferritin in maintenance hemodialysis patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808208 TI - [Study on impotence in patients treated with chronic hemodialysis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808210 TI - Platinum-complexed antitumor immunoglobulins that specifically inhibit DNA synthesis of mouse tumor cells. PMID- 6808211 TI - [Current state of the transplantation of the pancreas and pancreatic islands: experimental and clinical studies]. PMID- 6808209 TI - Toxic effect of ultraviolet light on melanocytes: use of animal models in pigment research. AB - Quantitative histologic investigations on the effect of UV radiation on mammalian melanocytes have shown similarities in the response to carcinogenic chemicals, UV radiation, and 8-methoxypsoralen combined with UV radiation. With all three regimens the melanocyte number increased in mice, whereas long-wavelength UV radiation alone did not change the numerical distribution of these cells. Although it is too early to say that similarity in response of these agents indicates identity in harmful effects of these agents, great care should be exercised in the application of psoralens to human skin in a combined treatment with UV radiation. PMID- 6808212 TI - [Immunosuppression during islet transplantation in rats]. PMID- 6808213 TI - [Kinetic approach to the bio-artificial pancreas]. PMID- 6808214 TI - [Microencapsulation of the islands of Langerhans and the artificial pancreas]. PMID- 6808215 TI - [Anatomic and functional study of endocrine pancreatic tissue enclosed in hollow fibers]. PMID- 6808216 TI - [Transplantation of the islands of Langerhans enclosed in diffusion chambers]. PMID- 6808217 TI - [Experimental study of a bio-artificial pancreas in the dog]. PMID- 6808218 TI - [Platelets and diabetes]. PMID- 6808219 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the effect of nitroglycerin on the functional state of the left ventricle in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The authors studied the influence of intravenously administered nitroglycerin on the general and local contractile function of the left ventricle with the aid of ultrasound examination of the heart and measurement of the end diastolic pressure in the left pulmonary artery by balloon Swan-Hanz catheters. A group of 56 patients with transmural myocardial infarction was examined: 33 during the acute period of disease received nitroglycerin, 23 patients constituted the control group. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin shows decrease in the end diastolic and end systolic volumes, mean arterial pressure, in the end diastolic pressure of the pulmonary artery and increase in the cardiac output. The control group did not show such statistically significant changes. Only 33 patients with myocardial infarction of lower localization myocardial movements in the affected area were observed. No such thing was seen in the control group. In the treated group significant decrease in the end systolic and end diastolic pressures were recorded and also increase in the output fraction and so remained up to the 7th day of the disease as compared to the control group. PMID- 6808220 TI - Differential effects of acute mineralo- and glucocorticosteroid administration on renal acid elimination. PMID- 6808221 TI - [Discovery of the tuberculosis bacillus 100 years ago]. PMID- 6808222 TI - [Transfusion therapy of patients with burn cachexia]. PMID- 6808223 TI - [Duodenal diverticula combined with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6808224 TI - [Prevention of infection during induction therapy in acute leukemia]. PMID- 6808226 TI - [Basic achievements and developmental prospects of the radiation therapy of malignant tumors]. PMID- 6808225 TI - [Comparative study on the value of selective decontamination of the digestive tract in acute leukemia patients (author's transl)]. AB - A comparative study of infectious morbidity and mortality in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia receiving chemotherapy was undertaken to test the effects of a suppression of endogenous and ambient microorganisms. Patients were allocated to receive [1] oral antibiotics (neomycin, colistin, and nystatin) in conventional ward isolation; [2] no antimicrobial suppression but conventional ward isolation; [3] strict isolation, filtered air, sterilized food and oral antibiotics. Significantly fewer infections with Gram-negative bacilli were seen in patients with strict isolation plus endogenous microbial suppression versus patients receiving selective gut decontamination versus patients without nonabsorbable antibiotics in simple reverse isolation. The death rate from infection was significantly reduced in patients who received antibiotics for gut flora suppression in conventional ward isolation compared with the corresponding control group. In addition, a significant improvement of leukemic remission rate was seen in this group. The protocol for decontamination was well tolerated. PMID- 6808227 TI - [Human reaction of external respiration and gas exchange in the acute period of adaptation to water immersion]. AB - Responses of respiration and gas exchange of 6 test subjects to 3-day dry immersion were investigated. It was found that an exposure to immersion was accompanied by decreases in respiratory volume, vital lung capacity, maximum pulmonary ventilation, and breathing time retention during inhalation and expiration. These changes were paralleled by an increase in the portion of the functional dead space and a decrease in the portion of the efficient alveolar volume. The permeability of respiratory tracts remained unchanged. These changes seem to be of the type of total respiratory insufficiency induced by circulatory disorders. This may be one of the factors responsible for a decline in human tolerance to exercises and acceleration applied after an exposure to simulated weightlessness. PMID- 6808228 TI - [Beyond death?]. PMID- 6808229 TI - [Echo of life. Humane dying and active killing]. PMID- 6808231 TI - [Dying - fear for the unknown]. PMID- 6808230 TI - [Euthanasia and aid to dying]. PMID- 6808233 TI - [Communication in the hospital--the conversation]. PMID- 6808232 TI - [Care of the dying]. PMID- 6808234 TI - [How do I experience the dying in the hospital, and how can I help them?]. PMID- 6808235 TI - [Aid to the dying in the nursing home]. PMID- 6808236 TI - [Booklets for activities in the home for the aged]. PMID- 6808237 TI - [Dying in the intensive care unit. Report of a personal experience]. PMID- 6808238 TI - [Open letter about the personal experience of Ruth Lober. Attempt at clearing up of conflicts]. PMID- 6808239 TI - [The significance of Nursing Day]. PMID- 6808242 TI - Spontaneous occurrence of Angiostrongylus costaricensis in marmosets (Saguinus mystax). AB - Two marmosets imported from Iquitos, Peru, were found to be infected with Angiostrongylus costaricensis. Both animals had large solitary granulomas involving the wall and adjacent mesentery of the small intestine. Histopathologic examination showed the adult nematodes in the lumina of the mesenteric arteries that coursed through these granulomas. The inflammatory reaction was associated with numerous degenerating eggs and larvae. This is the first report of this parasite in nonhuman primates and extends its geographic range to Peru. In addition, in one animal, Dipetalonema sp were seen free in the abdominal cavity, and pleroceroid larvae (spargana) were in the loose connective tissue of the left axilla. This animal also had microgranulomas associated with eggs and larvae of Angiostrongylus in the kidney, liver, lung, and heart. PMID- 6808243 TI - Hematologic values of captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia): variations with sex, age, and health status. AB - Blood samples obtained from 104 captive golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia), collected over a 7-year period, were analyzed for hematologic values. Variations associated with sex, age, and health status were identified. Females had higher total plasma protein values, while males had higher numbers of basophils, hematocrits, and hemoglobin concentrations. Adult tamarins had higher erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, more neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils, and higher hematocrits and hematocrits, hemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte indices, and total plasma protein. Decreased numbers of monocytes and eosinophils and increased numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils, bands, and basophils also were observed with abnormal status. PMID- 6808241 TI - Chronic biliary sampling via a subcutaneous system in dogs. PMID- 6808240 TI - Diagnostic exercise. Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCV) poisoning. PMID- 6808245 TI - The effect of epidermal growth factor on wound healing in mice. PMID- 6808247 TI - [Osseous manifestations of Recklinghausen's disease. The role of vertebral scalloping]. PMID- 6808246 TI - [Amniocentesis in Rh immunisation (author's transl)]. AB - Amniocentesis was performed 56 times in 42 pregnant women with Rh immunisation. In 6 cases of Rh immunisation there was a high delta bilirubin extinction in the B zone of the Liley diagram; in these cases immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids was applied. In all these cases also exsanguinotransfusion in children proved necessary. In 16 pregnant women, in whom the delta bilirubin extinction was in the A zone of the Liley diagram, high bilirubin values required exsanguinotransfusion in children. PMID- 6808248 TI - [Abnormalities of the cranio-spinal joint and spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia]. PMID- 6808244 TI - In vivo and in vitro drug metabolism in patients with leprosy. AB - Plasma antipyrine and chloramphenicol clearance was studied in 23 patients of leprosy and 12 control subjects. Drug metabolising enzymes (aminopyrine N demethylase and bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase) were estimated in liver biopsy samples of twelve patients and ten controls. A significant decrease in drug clearance and drug metabolising enzymes was observed. However, no significant correlation could be obtained between drug half lives and drug metabolising enzymes or with any of the liver function tests in these patients. The findings indicate that drug metabolism is impaired in leprosy patients. PMID- 6808251 TI - [Typho-paratyphoid fever at the military teaching hospital Mohammed V. Sensitivity to antibiotics and lysotyping of S. typhi strains isolated between 1976 and 1978]. PMID- 6808250 TI - [Diverticulum of the female urethra]. PMID- 6808249 TI - [Contramibial. Importance in amebiasis and other protozoosis]. PMID- 6808253 TI - Energy metabolism of the brain. PMID- 6808258 TI - Comparing classification methods: measurement of variations in charges, length of stay, and mortality. AB - We define and examine three alternative systems for categorizing hospital patients. The first system is based on discharge abstract data alone; the second system is based on discharge abstract data that has been reabstracted from charts for completeness and accuracy; the third system is based on a severity-of-illness index within a diagnostic group. Using acute myocardial infarction patients as an illustrative example, we examine the homogeneity of these categorization systems with respect to charges, length of stay and mortality rates. Our results indicate that a measure of patient severity of illness is essential to produce homogeneous categories to study hospital productivity for utilization review assessment by PSROs, for planning purposes by Health Systems Agencies, for hospital rate setting by cost review commissions and for internal hospital financial management and utilization review studies. PMID- 6808252 TI - Perinatal cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6808254 TI - Effects of age on the post-initiation stages of protein synthesis. AB - The peptide chain elongation stage of protein synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster was found to decrease markedly with age. The decrease paralleled the age-related decrease in overall protein synthesis. In contrast, the termination stage showed little decrease until the organisms were very old. Of the three reactions that comprise peptide chain elongation, the binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes decreased greatly with age, and the decrease paralleled that of peptide chain elongation and of overall protein synthesis. The peptidyl transfer reaction decreased moderately, and the translocation reaction exhibited no measurable decrease with age. Thus, decreased binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes appeared to be a major contributor to the age-related decreases in peptide chain elongation and overall protein synthesis. PMID- 6808257 TI - A patient-classification system for long-term care. AB - A system for patient classification by types of care (referred to in this article as the PCTC system) was developed. The objectives of the system are to improve placement decisions for long-term care patients and to provide information that would be useful for planning and resource allocation in the long-term care field. The PCTC system attempts to resolve placement problems of long-term care patients based on patient care need and a system perspective. A conceptual model based on an assessment/classification/placement sequence is employed. Following a comprehensive assessment of patients' health states and their service requirements, types-of-care classification may be carried out through both subjective/normative and objective/empirical procedures. In an attempt to take into consideration the inherent uncertainty associated with classification procedures, the concept of a PCTC profile is introduced, and to use this profile for making rational placement decisions within environmental constraints, a patient-placement decision model is proposed. PMID- 6808256 TI - Three case-type classifications: suitability for use in reimbursing hospitals. AB - This study compared three case-type classifications--the cross-classification of the Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) and Staging--with respect to per cent of variance in total patient charges accounted for. The purpose was to assess the relative usefulness of the classifications for application in hospital reimbursement schemes. The sample consisted of 50 hospitals. A nested analysis of variance was performed with case type nested within hospital. Per cent of variance accounted for was calculated for each of three data sets: the full data set, a truncated version of that set and a logarithmically transformed version. Results support the contention that none of the currently available classifications accounts for enough variance to permit straightforward use of case-type standard costs in a reimbursement mechanism. New developments in case-type classification may result in a classification that is more suitable for this use. PMID- 6808255 TI - Improved cost allocation in case-mix accounting. AB - Traditionally, many hospital costs have been allocated to patients using indirect measures that do not always reflect the value of the resources used to provide care. When, for example, costs are allocated by multiplying the patient's charges by the hospital's ratio of costs to charges, the allocated cost does not reflect actual cost because the hospital does not uniformly charge for services in proportion to their cost. The choice of method for cost allocation will be as important for the newly developed case-mix cost-accounting systems as it has been for traditional cost-accounting systems. To illustrate how the use of an indirect cost-allocation method might affect the output of a case-mix cost-accounting system, operating room, radiology and clinical laboratory costs were assigned to 106 hospitalized inguinal hernia patients in two diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) using both the hospital's existing cost-allocation method and a method that measures costs directly. Total costs and the costs in each department were significantly lower in each DRG using the direct method. It was concluded that patients in these two DRGs were being assigned more than the actual cost of their care with the existing cost-allocation method and, therefore, that the existing method prevented the case-mix accounting system from providing accurate management information. PMID- 6808259 TI - The measurement of hospital case mix. AB - This paper describes the design and preliminary results of research being conducted by Blue Cross of Western Pennsylvania to measure hospital case mix. The model of patient management used in this research interrelates symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Analyses of detailed patient data have indicated that patient classifications that are based on discharge diagnosis, singly or in combination with other variables such as secondary or multiple diagnoses, procedure and age, do not necessarily result in patient categories that require similar management or similar hospital services. Patients who are clinically similar, and even the same patient, can have a number of diverse, but appropriate, reasons for being in the hospital, and their use of hospital resources in each hospital episode will differ accordingly. The implications of including all reasons for hospitalizing these patients under the same rubric are clear: the resultant category would not be homogeneous with respect to resource use or hospital costs. Any case-mix index constructed using such categories as its basis could not only be misleading, but could also be financially damaging or extremely profitable to selected hospitals if used in hospital reimbursement. Both the model presented and preliminary analysis will be useful in designing other strategies for research and application in the area of case mix. PMID- 6808260 TI - [Alpha heavy chain disease in Tunisia in 1981]. PMID- 6808261 TI - [Alpha heavy chain disease and pregnancy]. PMID- 6808262 TI - [Use of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate in malnourished cancer patients]. PMID- 6808263 TI - [Circulating immune complexes and C3 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The relationship between clinical manifestations and nephropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808265 TI - [Nitroglycerin ointment as a prevention in treatment of angina pectoris]. PMID- 6808264 TI - [Hormone changes and biological rhythms in depression]. PMID- 6808266 TI - New drug for bone marrow transplants. PMID- 6808267 TI - [A new method for isolated regional perfusion of the liver in vivo. Experimental studies (author's transl)]. AB - The canine liver was isolated from its blood supply and perfused for one hour normothermically be means of a new catheter and a perfusion system consisting of oxygenator, pump and heat-exchanger. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas analyses, and tissue metabolites were evaluated during experiments. The venous return from the lower body and portal vein (1.113/1min) could be maintained with the catheter system so that the mean systemic arterial pressure was within normal limits. With a perfusion rate through the liver 0,55 ml/min/g and perfusion pressure of 10 cm H2O there was an adequate tissue perfusion; this was also shown by blood gas analyses and tissue metabolite concentrations. Using dye dilution methods the isolation of the liver was tested. This showed a leakage of 6-7% of the total perfusion volume. This new method makes it possible to carry out an isolated, normothermic, liver perfusion for one hour without irreversible tissue damage. PMID- 6808270 TI - [A case report of bony cricoarytaenoid ankylosis after prolonged laryngotracheal intubation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808269 TI - [Acute neurological complications following intrathecal fluorescein injection (author's transl)]. AB - This report describes two cases of grand mal seizures following intrathecal injection of fluorescein to delineate CSF-leakage. Recurrent phases of apnea necessitated artificial ventilation in one case. The results of CSF and serum investigations are discussed as well as EEG and EMG findings. As fluorescein has proved to be a potentially epileptogenic drug, its use for patients with a past history of seizures should be very carefully considered. All patients having received intrathecal fluorescein should be kept under observation for at least 4 to 6 hours. PMID- 6808268 TI - [The value of labyrinthectomy in the treatment of Meniere's disease (author's transl)]. AB - Surgical labyrinthectomy in patients with Meniere's disease produces unsatisfactory results in 10-70% of the cases. A pathological process in the vestibular nerve comprising an increase in connective tissue formation and the development of bony material within the nerve is possibly the reason for the pathological function of the vestibular system. This process may arise after a mechanical trauma to the labyrinth. Labyrinthectomy should be performed only for the treatment of Meniere's disease if other therapeutical regimens or neurectomy under general anaesthesia cannot be tolerated by the patients. PMID- 6808272 TI - [Bacteria in the middle ear and nasopharynx in patients with chronic otitis media]. AB - The pre- and postoperative aural and postoperative nasopharyngeal bacteriology of 104 ears (100 patients), still moist or discharging after surgery, were studied. Preoperatively aural and postoperatively dry ears (83 patients) of reference group were registered as well. All ears had been operated on radically with obliterative technique as described by Palva (1963, 1973) because of chronic otitis media with or without cholesteatoma. The preoperative bacteriology of the postoperatively moist or discharging cars did not differ statistically from that of the ears in the reference group. The same bacteria were detected pre- and postoperatively in the same ears in 44.1% of the ears in the former group and this situation was noticed highly significantly often regarding Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p less than 0.001) and almost significantly often regarding Proteus sp. (p less than 0.05). The postoperative nasopharyngeal bacteriology of the two groups mentioned did not differ statistically and only in six out of 100 cases the same pathogenic bacteria could be simultaneously cultured in the postoperatively moist or discharging ear and nasopharynx of the same patient. PMID- 6808271 TI - [A scanning electron microscopic study of the tracheal mucosa damage after long term translaryngeal intubation (author's transl)]. AB - Tracheal mucosa tissue obtained by tracheotomy from 23 patients who had been intubated between 4 to 20 days was examined in the scanning electron microscope. In spite of different intubation periods almost identical tissue defects with extensive areas of epithelial degeneration reaching as far as the basal lamina were found. In contrast, patients with short-term intubation, i.e. during intubation anaesthesia, showed no mucosal changes in the areas studied. The expected damage in the lower trachea caused by the cuff of the intubation tube is described and the dangers of prolonged intubation are discussed. PMID- 6808274 TI - Surgery on patients with hemostatic disorders. PMID- 6808273 TI - [Intraoperative O2-CO2-determination in blood of not intubated children during tonsillectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Before, during and immediately after tonsillectomy and adenotomy in insufflation anaesthesia 56 unselected children were studied for pH, paCO2, B. E., stand. Bic. and paO2. The medium rates of this blood gas analysis remained in normal range, the extreme rates showed no essential changes. Based on these results advantages and disadvantages of both usual anaesthesia methods-intubation or insufflation for children's tonsillectomy are compared. Of course of our clinical experience insufflation method is recommended. PMID- 6808275 TI - [Clinical syndromes after subtotal resection of the small intestine (author's transl)]. AB - After subtotal resection of the small gut intestinal function for a certain period of time is not sufficient to guarantee survival of the patient. Prognosis depends upon the length of the residual small gut but also upon its location and upon the ability of the intestine to adapt to the new situation. The use of elemental diets is most important in therapy. Resorption may be improved by applying surgical procedures, which will increase the time of passage of the chyle. If the remaining small intestine is less than 60 cm long in grown ups, or less than 40 cm long in children additional parenteral nutrition is usually necessary. Such nutrition can be given on a home care basis and will enable the patient to survive and lead a normal family and professional life. PMID- 6808276 TI - Carnosine-synthetase inhibition of beta-alanine analogues. AB - A number of beta-alanine analogues were tested for their ability to inhibit carnosine-synthetase from rat and chick skeletal muscle. Of the analogues tested, 3-aminopropane-sulfonic acid (APS) was the most effective inhibitor of enzyme from either source. 5-Aminovaleric acid (5-AV) also inhibited the enzyme from rat, but did not inhibit the enzyme from chick. 2-Aminoethylphosphonic acid and o phosphoethanolamine had a small amount of inhibitory activity on both rat and chick enzymes, while 3-aminopropanephosphonic acid, aminooxyacetic acid and nipecotic acid had a small amount of inhibitory activity on the rat enzyme only. None of the analogues tested acted as substrates for either enzyme under our conditions. Kinetic data indicated that the inhibition by APS was competitive with respect to beta-alanine for both rat and chick enzymes. Inhibition of the rat enzyme by 5-AV was non-competitive with respect to beta-alanine for both rat and chick enzymes. Inhibition of the rat enzyme by 5-AV was noncompetitive with respect to beta-alanine. APS and 5-AV were also shown to inhibit carnosine synthetase from rat brain and heart. Chronic injections of either APS or 5-AV failed to produce significant changes in carnosine levels in rat skeletal muscle or brain; however preliminary results indicate that APS injections may produce a lowering of carnosine levels in rat heart. PMID- 6808277 TI - Inhibitory actions of desacetylation products of phenacetin and paracetamol on prostaglandin synthetases in neuronal and glial cell lines and rat renal medulla. AB - The inhibitory actions of phenacetin and paracetamol and of their desacetylation products on prostaglandin synthesis were studied on enzyme preparations originating from a neuronal cell line (mouse neuroblastoma, clone N2A), a glial cell line (rat astrocytoma, clone C6) and rat renal medulla. All compounds tested inhibited cultured cell and kidney prostaglandin synthetases to similar extents. p-Phenetidine and p-aminophenol, the desacetylated metabolites of phenacetin and paracetamol, were either 7-10 times or 4 times more potent than paracetamol. Thus, p-Phenetidine inhibited prostaglandin synthesis as efficaciously as did acetylsalicylic acid. The possible roles of p-phenetidine as the active metabolite of phenacetin for cyclo-oxygenase inhibition in brain and of phenacetin as an organ pro-drug are discussed. PMID- 6808280 TI - Mycobacterium tuberculosis: recovery from contaminated culture media and identification of bacteria responsible for contamination. PMID- 6808278 TI - Interaction of discoidal complexes of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol apolipoprotein A-I with human plasma high density lipoprotein HDL3. AB - The interaction of human plasma high density lipoproteins (HDL3) with discoidal complexes of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) and dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) containing 0, 10, 20 or 30 mol % cholesterol was investigated. Discoidal complexes containing various amounts of cholesterol were prepared by incubating apo A-I and DMPC-cholesterol liposomes for 12 hr at 25 C; the protein-lipid complexes were isolated by gel filtration chromatography on Bio-Gel A15m. Increasing the cholesterol content from 0 to 30 mol % caused a decrease in the fluidity of the discoidal complexes as determined by fluorescence polarization with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene; a reduced phase-transition amplitude; a decrease in the ratio of apo A-I to DMPC; and an increase in the width of the discoidal complexes as determined by electron microscopy after negative staining. Incubation of the apo A-I-lipid complexes with HDL3 resulted in a complete breakdown of the discoidal structures and a transfer to DMPC and cholesterol to HDL3. As a result of lipid transfer, there was an increase in the size of HDL3. These in vitro results may be of significance as they relate to the interconversion of HDL subfractions during lipoprotein-lipase-induced lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. PMID- 6808281 TI - A chemical test to determine the end point of EDTA decalcification. PMID- 6808282 TI - [Methodological approaches to individual planning of high-energy radiotherapy of pancreatoduodenal cancer]. PMID- 6808279 TI - Metabolism of malonaldehyde in vivo and in vitro. AB - The metabolism of malonaldehyde (MA) was investigated in vivo using male Wistar rats and in vitro using rat liver mitochondria. Twelve hr after intubation with [1,3-14C] MA, 60-70%, 5-15% and 9-17% of administered radioactivity was recovered in expired CO2, feces and urine, respectively. In rats intubated with [1,2-14C) acetate, the corresponding values were 68-82%, 1-2% and 2.3%. 14CO2 evolution was initially slower after 14C-MA administration than after 14C-acetate administration and more radioactivity was excreted in the feces and urine. In vitro experiments using [1,3-14C] MA showed that MA is metabolized primarily in the mitochondria via reactions involving O2 utilization and 14CO2 production. The apparent Km and Vmax were 0.5 mM and 9.3 nmol/min/mg protein for O2 uptake, respectively, and 2.0 mM and 2.4 nmol/min/mg protein for 14CO2 production. Addition of malonic acid to mitochondrial incubates at concentrations inhibitory to succinate dehydrogenase did not affect MA-induced O2 uptake but enhanced 14CO2 production from 14C-MA. 14C-Acetate appeared to be the major accumulating metabolite in rat liver mitochondrial preparations following a 120-min incubation with 14C-MA. A probable biochemical route for MA metabolism involves oxidation of MA by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase followed by decarboxylation to produce CO2 and acetate. PMID- 6808283 TI - [Radiobiological analysis of the antineoplastic action of sarcolysine]. PMID- 6808284 TI - Chronic Chagas disease in the mouse: III. Absence of concomitant immunity after repeated infections. PMID- 6808285 TI - Comparative studies on infectivity and surface carbohydrates of several strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. PMID- 6808287 TI - [Detection of hemophilia A carriers. Comparative statistical study]. PMID- 6808288 TI - [A new human factor VIII concentrate. Preparation and clinical use]. PMID- 6808286 TI - [Resistance to re-infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in Chagasic mice]. PMID- 6808289 TI - [Ultrasonic-exposed factor VIII and von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6808290 TI - [Hepatic changes in hemophiliac patients]. PMID- 6808292 TI - A method for the rapid determination of protein turnover. PMID- 6808293 TI - Biphasic effect of estradiol on luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin releasing hormone in castrated men. AB - This study was designed to investigate the possibility that in men estradiol (E2) has a stimulatory effect on the gonadotropin response to GnRH. Nine castrated adult men, who presented extremely low testosterone (T) concentrations, received 5 mg/day estradiol benzoate (E2B) i.m. every 24 hr for several days, starting 5 days after orchidectomy. During E2B treatment the pituitary responsiveness to GnRH (100 micrograms given as an iv bolus) was tested after 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hrs of E2B administration. The pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was also tested in untreated men from day 5 to day 10 following bilateral orchidectomy. In the E2B-treated subjects the increased serum estradiol concentrations induced an initial decrease and a subsequent increase of the LH response to GnRH. The responses were decreased after 24 hr of treatment; thereafter, the LH responses were progressively increased and were markedly augmented after 120 hr of E2B treatment. On the contrary, during treatment the FSH response to GnRH was preferentially blunted. In the untreated castrated men the LH and FSH responses to GnRH increased progressively from day 5 to day 10 after orchidectomy, but decreased responses were never observed during this period of observation. The maximum LH concentrations, which occurred at 30-60 min following GnRH in untreated castrated men, did not occur until 120-150 min in the E2B treated men. PMID- 6808294 TI - The effects of fat feeding on apolipoprotein AI secretion from rat small intestinal epithelium. AB - The small intestine is known to be an important synthetic site for certain apolipoproteins, which are subsequently secreted from the enterocyte into the mesenteric lymph. We have studied apolipoprotein AI and CIII content of the enterocyte during the course of fat feeding in order to determine their relative synthetic and secretory rates. Rat intestinal enterocytes were isolated from the entire jejunal villus after fat feeding in vivo. The apo AI content fell 50% as determined by RIA one and two hours after fat feeding. By four hours, the intracellular cellular levels had returned to prefeeding levels. These changes in apolipoprotein AI levels were not seen in the terminal ileum. Apolipoprotein CIII levels remained unchanged afer fat feeding. To determine the effect of free fatty acids on apolipoprotein AI secretion, organ culture explants were incubated for four hours in the presence and absence of 360 microM oleic acid bound to albumin. Apolipoprotein AI detected in the incubation media reflected release from the lamina propria (which was not colchicine sensitive), and secretion from the enterocyte (which was inhibited by colchicine). In the absence of oleic acid, enterocyte secretion of apolipoprotein AI accounted for about half of the apo AI recovered in the medium. In the presence of oleic acid, the total apolipoprotein AI content of the tissue increased by 50 percent. A similar increase in colchicine sensitive secretion was observed. The secretion of apolipoprotein AI from explants was more rapid in the presence of oleic acid and began without the half hour lag noted when oleic acid was absent. The mid intestine was most active in the secretion of apolipoprotein AI. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that in the first few hours after feeding the rate of secretion of apolipoprotein AI exceeds the synthetic capacity of the small intestinal epithelium. PMID- 6808295 TI - Plasma immunoreactive TSH: spurious elevation due to antibodies to bovine TSH which cross-react with human TSH. AB - A patient with thyroid carcinoma treated by thyroidectomy who received multiple injections of bovine (bTSH) exhibited elevated and nonsuppressible levels of plasma "immunoreactive TSH." Antibodies to TSH of the IgG class which bound bTSH and human TSH (hTSH) were demonstrated using specific radioimmunoassay and radioimmunoelectrophoretic techniques. Antibodies were present for more than one year and binding of bTSH was greater than that of hTSH throughout this period. Characterization of the antibodies with respect to the binding of human and bovine glycoprotein hormones and subunits revealed two populations of antibodies, one of which bound both bTSH and hTSH and the other which bound only bTSH. Both antibodies appeared to be directed toward antigenic sites on the beta subunit of TSH as both hTSH-beta and bTSH-beta displaced the binding of intact TSH from antibodies whereas the alpha subunits were virtually unreactive. The binding studies suggest that the cross-reactivity of the antibody to hTSH occurred on the basis of common antigenic determinants on the beta subunits of the two species. Documentation of a true elevation of plasma hTSH was achieved by gel filtration of plasma in which a peak of immunoreactivity co-eluting with [125I]-hTSH could be shown. Evidence for suppression of TSH secretion by thyroxine administration in the presence of interfering antibody was obtained by demonstrating that the level of plasma "immunoreactive TSH" did not change in response to TRH administration. PMID- 6808291 TI - [Psychological consultation of families with hemophiliac children]. PMID- 6808296 TI - Chemical modification of rhodopsin with imidoesters: synthesis of reagents, membrane permeability of reagents, and modification methods. PMID- 6808297 TI - Light release of 45Ca trapped in sonicated bovine disk vesicles. PMID- 6808300 TI - Immunological characterization of cartilage proteoglycans. PMID- 6808299 TI - Lipid synthesis in retinas. PMID- 6808298 TI - Use of lectins to investigate photoreceptor membranes. PMID- 6808301 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa lectins. PMID- 6808302 TI - Purification of mammalian glycosyltransferases. PMID- 6808303 TI - Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry of hexosamine-containing oligosaccharide alditols as their permethylated, N-trifluoroacetyl derivatives. PMID- 6808304 TI - Enzymic diagnosis of the genetic mucopolysaccharide storage disorders. PMID- 6808305 TI - Uptake and binding of alpha-L-iduronidase. PMID- 6808306 TI - Protein activators for the hydrolysis of GM1 and GM2 gangliosides. PMID- 6808307 TI - Protein activator (coglucosidase) for the hydrolysis of beta-glucosides. PMID- 6808308 TI - Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase L from Streptomyces plicatus. PMID- 6808310 TI - Endo-beta-galactosidase from Flavobacterium keratolyticus. PMID- 6808309 TI - Endo-beta-galactosidase from Escherichia freundii. PMID- 6808312 TI - beta-D-xylosidase from Penicillium wortmanni. PMID- 6808313 TI - Detection and semiquantitation of DNA by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). PMID- 6808314 TI - Radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen. PMID- 6808311 TI - beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus. PMID- 6808316 TI - Radioassay of vitamin B12 and other corrinoids. PMID- 6808317 TI - Radioimmunoassay of benzodiazepines. PMID- 6808319 TI - Comparison of hospitals supporting quality assurance. PMID- 6808315 TI - Radioimmunoassay of ecdysteroids. PMID- 6808318 TI - Immunoradiometric assays for factor VIII antigens: coagulant protein (antihemophilic factor) and factor VIII-related protein (von Willebrand factor). PMID- 6808320 TI - RNA-DNA hybridization analyses of tRNA-Val-3b in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Transfer RNA was extracted from 50-300 mg of adult flies and specifically labeled in vitro. The level of individual isoacceptors was quantitated by efficient annealing to Drosophila tRNA genes carried on recombinant DNA plasmids immobilized on nitrocellulose filters. The level of tRNAVal3b in the tRNA isolated from flies deficient in the major tRNAVal3b loci has been examined. The results show that deletion of the major tRNAVal3b loci resulted in a reduction of approximately 50% in the level of tRNAVal3b but did not produce the Minute phenotype; furthermore the effects of deficiencies at two loci were approximately additive. PMID- 6808322 TI - Serum concentrations of FSH, oestradiol, oestrone and androstenedione in normal and obese women. AB - The normal ranges of the concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), oestradiol (E2), oestrone (E1), and androstenedione (A) were established in 257 healthy women. The hormone levels of 84 normal post-menopausal women were compared with those from a group of 46 post-menopausal women with severe obesity (36.3 +/- 15.2 kg over the ideal weight). The increase of the FSH concentrations during the peri- and post-menopause occurs about 4 yr earlier in the obese than in the normal women. There is no significant difference, however, between the E2 levels of the normal and obese women. In the obese women, A (P less than 0.001) and E1 (P less than 0.05) levels are significantly lower than in the normal women. A weight reduction in the obese women had no influence on the concentrations of A and E2, whereas E1 levels tended to increase. FSH levels also increased significantly during weight reduction. PMID- 6808321 TI - Role of DNA replication in the induction and turn-off of the SOS response in Escherichia coli. AB - We have studied the role of DNA replication in turn-on and turn-off of the SOS response in Escherichia coli using a recA::lac fusion to measure levels of recA expression. An active replication fork does not seem to be necessary for mitomycin C induced recA expression: a dnaA43 initiation defective mutant, which does not induce the SOS response at non-permissive temperature, remains mitomycin C inducible after the period of residual DNA synthesis. This induction seems to be dnaC dependent since in a dnaC325 mutant recA expression not only is not induced at 42 degrees C but becomes mitomycin C non-inducible after the period of residual synthesis. Unscheduled halts in DNA replication, generally considered the primary inducing event, are not sufficient to induce the SOS response: no increase in recA expression was observed in dnaG(Ts) mutants cultivated at non permissive temperature. The replication fork is nonetheless involved in induction, as seen by the increased spontaneous level of recA expression in these strains at permissive temperature. Turn-off of SOS functions can be extremely rapid: induction of recA expression by thymine starvation is reversed within 10 min after restoration of normal DNA replication. We conclude that the factors involved in induction--activated RecA (protease) and the activating molecular (effector)--do not persist in the presence of normal DNA replication. PMID- 6808324 TI - Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee: ADRAC report for 1980. PMID- 6808323 TI - Cardiogenic oscillations: a potential mechanism enhancing oxygenation during apneic respiration. AB - Adequate oxygen uptake by the lungs for prolonged apneic periods is possible even in the absence of respiratory movements provided that 100% O2 is applied at the airway opening. The mechanism by which adequate gas mixing takes place during this apneic respiration is not entirely clear. We propose that a major mechanism producing O2 uptake during apnea is the enhanced gas mixing secondary to airflow generated by the beating heart. PMID- 6808325 TI - Vascular access catheters for chemotherapy. Long-term follow-up. AB - Accessible surface veins become increasingly difficult to find after repeated venepunctures. This unfortunate situation often arises in patients on long-term chemotherapy, and can lead to soft tissue infiltration of toxic agents with resultant necrosis. A solution to this problem is the placement of long term indwelling vascular access catheters. Three different catheters are here described-the Raimondi, the Hickman, and the Broviac. They have been used 90 times in 78 patients over the last 2 1/2 years. All have been very successful in terms of ease of insertion, inertness, lack of post-operative infection, and prolonged duration of function. Thirty-five patients were available for long-term follow-up (greater than 6 months). Results in these show a mean catheter life varying from three to five months with a very low incidence of septicaemia, even in the immunologically compromised patients. The advantages of the various catheters are compared. PMID- 6808326 TI - The developmental changes of carbonic anhydrase activity in different brain areas of guinea pig and mouse. PMID- 6808327 TI - Measurement on the critical properties of polymeric sterile-wraps using graded biological indicators. PMID- 6808329 TI - [Induced colonization of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus in hospitalized newborn infants]. PMID- 6808328 TI - [Long term experiences with a solid spironolactone-furosemide combination in heart insufficiency and hypertension]. AB - Nineteen ambulant patients in cardiac insufficiency stages III to IV, eleven of them concomitantly presenting hypertension, were treated with Osyrol 50-Lasix for a period of three months. With a maintenance dose consisting on average of one capsule Osyrol 50-Lasix daily, effective and reliable elimination of edema and adequate recompensation of the heart was achieved by way of reduction of the body weight, decrease in ankle circumference, congestion of the liver and improvement of dyspnoea. In the eleven patients with hypertension grade I, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was normalized under Osyrol 50-Lasix medication, whilst the blood pressure values of normotensive patients were practically unchanged. The serum potassium values at the beginning of the study were 4.29 mmol/l on average and increased moderately to 4.83 mmol/l after three months' therapy. Compared to pre-trial controls the serum values of creatinine and uric acid showed no changes attributable to the drug after three months' therapy with Osryol 50-Lasix. No significant change of the fasting blood glucose values was ascertained either in the nondiabetic or in the diabetic patients. Based on the clinical and laboratory-chemical parameters the success of therapy was considered to be good in 18 patients and satisfactory in one case. Tolerability was also considered to be good in 18 cases. Transient side effects were observed in two patients. Hypotension was diagnosed in one case after four weeks' treatment and in a further patient an increased serum potassium level was found. After reducing the dose the values reverted to normal in both cases. PMID- 6808330 TI - [The Cohen syndrome. Presentation of the 1st Italian case]. PMID- 6808331 TI - [The Freeman-Sheldon syndrome with mental retardation]. PMID- 6808333 TI - Treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. Changing laboratory usage and length of stay patterns in a university hospital. PMID- 6808332 TI - [Spondylo-metaphyseal dysostosis of the Murdock type]. PMID- 6808334 TI - Antigenic analysis of influenza A(H3N2) isolates. PMID- 6808335 TI - Influenza vaccine efficacy in nursing home outbreaks reported during 1981-1982. PMID- 6808336 TI - Swine influenza-like isolate - Nevada. PMID- 6808337 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritonitis attributed to a contaminated lodophor solution - Georgia. PMID- 6808338 TI - Tuberculosis among Hispanics in the United States--1980. PMID- 6808339 TI - Unintentional and intentional injuries--United States. PMID- 6808341 TI - Epistaxis and liver-function abnormalities associated with exposure to "butyl" caulk--Kentucky. PMID- 6808340 TI - Persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy among homosexual males. PMID- 6808342 TI - Human cryptosporidiosis--Alabama. PMID- 6808343 TI - Urban rat control--United States. PMID- 6808344 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever--United States, 1981. PMID- 6808345 TI - Diffuse, undifferentiated non-Hodgkins lymphoma among homosexual males--United States. PMID- 6808346 TI - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices advisory Committee (ACIP). Supplementary statement on pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis by the intradermal route. PMID- 6808347 TI - Multiresistant Salmonella and other infections in adopted infants from India. PMID- 6808348 TI - Mushroom poisoning among Laotian Refugees--1981. PMID- 6808349 TI - Characterization of an important drug binding area on human serum albumin including the high-affinity binding sites of warfarin and azapropazone. AB - This paper reports a variety of experimental observations which strongly support the assumption that the warfarin binding site, or site I of human serum albumin, is better described as the warfarin-azapropazone binding area, consisting of the overlapping binding sites for warfarin and azapropazone. In general, drugs interacting with one of the two sites will also displace drugs bound to the other site, although their displacing potencies for both sites may vary considerably. This is most pronounced in the case of glibenclamide, which strongly inhibits the binding of drugs to the azapropazone site with only minor effects on drugs bound to the warfarin site. The lone tryptophan residue of human serum albumin, previously shown to be part of the warfarin binding site, is obviously located in the not-overlapping part of the warfarin site, so that its modification affects only the binding of drugs to the warfarin and not to the azapropazone site of this large binding area. The observation of different but overlapping binding sites might explain the fact that the albumin binding of drugs which seem to be bound to similar sites because of their mutual displacement can be affected differently during several disease states. PMID- 6808350 TI - Differential inducibility of nuclear envelope epoxide hydratase by trans-stilbene oxide and phenobarbital. PMID- 6808352 TI - [Interaction of H1 lysine-rich histone fragments with DNA]. AB - The interaction of H1 histone octapeptide 15--22 amino acid sequence fragment and shorter peptides with DNA has been investigated in water low ionic strength solutions (0.01 M NaCl) by means of UV-spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), equilibrium dialysis and thermal denaturation. Decreasing of the DNA absorbtion band intensity (260 nm) in complexes with peptides, appearance of the apparent optical density (lambda greater than 320 nm) and presence of the intense positive band at approximately 270 nm in CD-spectra allowed to draw a conclusion that under the action of peptides, the compactization of DNA occurs with the formation of psi + type condensate. The data on equilibrium dialysis and thermal denaturation of the complexes evidence that the compactization decreases the binding degree of DNA and H1 histone fragments and lowers the influence of the latter on DNA helix stabilization. PMID- 6808353 TI - Influence of molecular size of IgA on its immunoassay by various techniques--I. Direct and reversed single radial immunodiffusion. AB - Immunochemically pure samples of monoclonal and polyclonal IgA were prepared from human sera and milk. Samples of various homogeneous molecular sizes were further obtained by preparative ultracentrifugations. The different behaviour of each preparation (monomer, dimer, trimer, tetramer and secretory IgA) were studied in direct (DRID) and reversed (RRID) single radial immunodiffusion using three different anti-alpha-chain antisera and IgA samples of various monoclonal and polyclonal origins. In DRID, all polymer concentrations were underestimated when using monomers as standards, on an equal weight (OD) basis. Correction factors (CFs) were calculated from monomer to polymer DRID slope ratios. The means +/- SDs of these CFs were 1.55 +/- 0.18 for serum dimers, 1.85 +/- 0.10 for trimers, 2.63 +/- 0.26 for tetramers and 2.24 +/- 0.15 for secretory IgA (84% 11S, 16% 15S). These results were confirmed by RRID. PMID- 6808354 TI - Molecular basis for the temperature-dependent insolubility of cryoglobulins--XI. Sequence comparison of the heavy-chain variable regions of the human cryoimmunoglobulins McE and Hil by metric analysis. AB - The amino acid sequences of the VH-domains from two human cryoimmunoglobulins have been compared with one another and with the VH-domains of noncryoglobulins by the mathematical method of metric analysis. The VHII sequence of McE [Gerber Jenson et al. (1981), J. Immun. 126, 1212-1216] and the VHIII sequence of Hil [Chiu et al (1979), Biochemistry, 18, 553-560] resemble much more closely the VH sequences of noncryoglobulins from their own subgroups than they resemble one another. Neither cryoglobulin sequence contains an unusual insertion or deletion of residues. Based on the crystallographic structure of the VHII domain in the Fab fragment of the human noncryoglobulin Newm [Saul et al. (1978), J biol. Chem., 253, 585-597], McE and Hil each contain two unprecedented residues in the outer beta-sheet structure of the VH-domain. The inwardly directed sidechains of Gly-71 and Ile-84 in McE may perturb the internal hydrophobic interactions and normal folding of adjacent segments of the outer beta-sheet from the third framework region. In contrast, the outwardly directed sidechains of Ile-23 and Arg-77 in Hil may perturb the external hydrophilic properties and folding of adjacent segments of the outer beta-sheet from the first and third framework regions. Thus, the monoclonal immunoglobulins McE and Hil may display cold induced insolubility by different perturbations of the outer surface of the VH domain. In each case, the unprecedented framework residues that mnay be responsible could have arisen by two point mutations involving single base changes. PMID- 6808355 TI - Localized laryngeal amyloidosis: partial characterization of an amyloid fibril protein AL. AB - Amyloid fibrils were extracted from a patient Wr with more than 10 yr history of localized laryngeal amyloidosis. Degraded amyloid fibrils reacted in immunodiffusion with an antiserum against an amyloid protein of immunoglobulin kappa light chain origin, showing a line of identity with a kappa I amyloid protein. The protein Wr had a blocked aminoterminal, previously only reported in lambda chains. Amino acid sequence analysis of a fragment of the protein showed it to be an immunoglobulin light chain protein of V kappa I or V kappa III subgroup. The protein had a few unusual amino acid residues as compared to other kappa light chains. The findings support the view that the fibrils in localized, tumour-like amyloidosis are composed by homogeneous immunoglobulin light chain proteins in the same way as is seen in primary and myeloma associated systemic amyloidosis. It is possible that unusual light chains are over-represented in amyloid fibrils. PMID- 6808356 TI - Subunits of IgM and IgD on the surface of murine B-lymphocytes. AB - Immunoglobulin isolated from 125I-labelled cell surface proteins of murine B lymphocytes was analyzed by a sensitive two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique (2D-SDS-PAGE). Uncleaved Ig molecules were electrophoresed in the first dimension in an SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and after subsequent reduction of the disulphide bonds by mercaptoethanol, the cleaved polypeptides were separated in the second dimension using again an SDS polyacrylamide gel. This technique enables the identification of unreduced Ig molecules and their corresponding subunit components. In the case of IgM as well as IgD the four chain structure (H2L2), half molecules (HL), and disulphide linked heavy chains (HH) could be identified. Since all Ig subunits were isolated by an anti-IgG antiserum by virtue of its L-chain specificity we conclude that L chains are noncovalently associated with the disulphide-linked heavy chains (HH). Free noncovalently bound L-chains could actually be identified by 2D-SDS-PAGE. However, this technique does not determine whether half Ig molecules (HL) are noncovalently associated with each other. In addition to free L-chains noncovalently linked mu and delta-chains were found. Control experiments showed that the identified Ig subunits are not artefacts of the isolation procedure or reduction moieties of H2L2 molecules (e.g. incubation of isolated mu 2L2 and delta 2L2 with detergent extracts of spleen cells does not result in the formation of subunits). On the basis of 125I-radioactivity incorporated into the Ig subunits it was estimated that besides mu 2L2 and delta 2L2, delta L (40-50% of total IgD) is the main Ig structure on B-lymphocytes. The other Ig subunits (mu L, delta 2, structures (ca. 10(4) molecules/B-cell) are sufficient to act as antigen recognition structures and to be involved in B-lymphocyte triggering and tolerance induction. PMID- 6808357 TI - [New developments in the field of insulin preparations, apparative insulin administration and transplantation of endocrine pancreatic tissue (author's transl)]. AB - Newly developed insulin analogues like desphe-insulin, as well as- biosynthetically or semisynthetically produced--human insulin appear to offer some advantages, mainly from the immunologic point of view. The total correction of the metabolic defect in diabetics by the glucose-controlled "artificial pancreas" is possible only for some time because the glucose sensors available today do not function over longer periods. On the other hand, portable insulin infusion pumps (working without continuous measurement of blood glucose) have already been broadly used and also implanted in diabetic patients. Immune rejection is the main problem in transplantation of islet tissue, requiring a permanent immunosuppression. Islet transplantation was almost without any success in diabetics whereas pancreas segment transplantation resulted in a full, persisting endocrine function of the graft in some of the cases. PMID- 6808359 TI - [Disorders of water and electrolyte equilibrium in liver diseases. Part 1: Introduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808358 TI - [Goiter surgery in the aged]. PMID- 6808360 TI - [Genetic and somatic radiation risks. Effect of small doses]. PMID- 6808361 TI - [Disasters in Germany]. PMID- 6808362 TI - [Patients during the 1st year (1813-1814) of the Munich General Hospital]. PMID- 6808351 TI - Acetylation of histones in nucleosomes. PMID- 6808364 TI - [How many patients are needed for a therapeutic trial? Viewpoints of clinical research (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808365 TI - [Therapeutic studies. Provisional evaluation and early termination]. PMID- 6808363 TI - [Air-travel thrombosis]. PMID- 6808366 TI - [How many patients are needed for a therapeutic trial? A statistical viewpoint]. PMID- 6808368 TI - [Possibilities and limits of drug therapy. Acceptance and progress]. PMID- 6808367 TI - [Disturbances of water and electrolyte equilibrium in liver disease: Part 2: Clinical picture (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808369 TI - [Recurring esophageal varices hermorrhaging without portal hypertension]. PMID- 6808371 TI - [Special forms of lymphedema]. PMID- 6808370 TI - [Efficacy of low clonidine doses in galenic sustained-release preparations. Study with Combipresan 75 perlongettes]. PMID- 6808372 TI - [Carcinoid of the duodenum]. PMID- 6808373 TI - [Are hormonal contraceptives relevant for family planning?]. PMID- 6808375 TI - [Oral contraceptives. Clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and drug interactions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808376 TI - [The beginnings of hormonal contraception and the Munchener Medizinische Wochenschrift (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808374 TI - [Liver diseases when using hormonal contraceptives (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808377 TI - [Sepsis. Current aspects of its etiology, clinical aspects and prognosis in 220 patients]. PMID- 6808378 TI - [Balanced minimal diet in ambulatory patients]. PMID- 6808379 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Mirizzi syndrome]. PMID- 6808380 TI - [Risk factors in arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6808381 TI - [Changes in the therapy with cardiac glycosides]. PMID- 6808382 TI - [Heart operations in elderly persons. Indications and risks]. PMID- 6808383 TI - [Studies to determine individual toxic doses of digitoxin (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808384 TI - [Absolute bioavailability of digoxin. Comparison of a soft gelatin capsule with a commercial silicic acid matrix preparation]. PMID- 6808386 TI - [The "hot" knee]. PMID- 6808385 TI - [Side-effects of factor VIII substitution in patients with hemophilia A (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808390 TI - Genetic damage induced by X-rays or neutrons in spermatozoa of Drosophila melanogaster; differential processing in the oocytes of females carrying the DNA repair-deficient mutants mei-9a and mus-101d1. PMID- 6808389 TI - The inhibition of DNA repair by aphidicolin or cytosine arabinoside in X irradiated normal and xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts. AB - Normal and excision-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts were X-irradiated and the influence on DNA repair of either the repair inhibitor cytosine arabinoside or the specific inhibitor of Dna polymerase alpha, aphidicolin, investigated. The data indicated that the repair of a certain fraction of X-ray induced lesions can be inhibited in both cell lines by both compounds. Thus, as aphidicolin blocks the operation of polymerase alpha, this enzyme must be involved in an excision repair pathway operating in both normal and excision deficient xeroderma pigmentosum cells. PMID- 6808388 TI - Genotoxicity of safrole-related chemicals in microbial test systems. AB - The genotoxicity of safrole, 9 compounds that are structurally similar to safrole (anethole, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl alcohol, estragole, methyl eugenol, eugenol, isoeugenol, isosafrole, piperonal), 5 essential oils, cassia oil, cinnamon bark oil, clove oil, fennel oil) which contain the chemicals tested, and 1 oleoresin was studies in 3 microbial test systems. Only anethole showed mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella reversion assay. All chemicals except anethole, estragole and isosafrole were positive in the Bacillus subtilis DNA-repair test (Rec assay) without S9. All samples tested were negative in the Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA reversion test. The essential oils and pimenta oleoresin were positive in the DNA repair test. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the nature of the problems encountered with each test method. PMID- 6808391 TI - Induced chromosome loss following treatment of postmeiotic cells of the Drosophila melanogaster male with MMS and DMN and matings with repair-proficient females and the repair-deficient females mei-9a and st mus302. AB - Drosophila melanogaster ring-X males carrying a double marked Y chromosome, BsYy+, were treated with MMS or DMN and mated with repair-proficient females or the repair-deficient females mei-9a and st. mus302. Frequencies of induced complete loss (principally the ring-X) and partial losses of the Y chromosome (loss of Bs or Y+) decreased in the sequence st must302 greater than mei-9a greater than repair-proficient females agreeing with the sequence obtained previously with procarbazine and DEN. With MMS and DMN, some 30-40% or more or partial Y chromosome losses are mosaics from mei-9a and only 0.4% from st mus302 females and a delay in mei-9a females. Similar findings with procarbazine and DEN are indicated. That the higher sensitivity of st mus302 relative to mei-9a results from impairments in both postreplication and excision repair in the former remains to be determined. PMID- 6808392 TI - Polyploidy and aneuploidy induced by colcemid in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Colcemid was fed to Drosophila melanogaster larvae throughout most of the larval period. Surviving individuals were then mated with untreated flies, and their progeny were examined for polyploid flies or flies resulting from X-chromosome nondisjunction. A total of 251 polyploid offspring was recovered from the experimental matings, none from the control. All of the polyploids were evidently triploids, and all but one were obtained from colcemid-fed females: males produced significantly lower frequencies of triploid offspring than females. The highest average frequency of triploid offspring obtained from any treatment group was 18%. Nonrandom distributions of triploid offspring were observed among females raised identically, indicating tht polyploidization occurs mitotically, rather than meiotically, giving rise to clones of tetraploid oogonia. 9 colcemid fed females produced exclusively triploid offspring. Colcemid also caused a significant increase in X-chromosome nondisjunction in females, though the frequencies of such offspring were at least several-fold lower than the frequencies of triploid offspring. Somatic polyploidy was apparently also indiced since patches of large cells were found on the wings of some flies raised on colcemid-containing food. Various teratological abnormalities were observed among the treated flies, including deformed or missing eyes and partially duplicated thoraxes. PMID- 6808393 TI - Cost effectiveness of serotesting before hepatitis vaccination. PMID- 6808394 TI - A mutation in Drosophila alters normal connectivity between two identified neurones. PMID- 6808387 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Hyperkalemia]. PMID- 6808396 TI - Genetic recombination and directional selection for DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6808395 TI - Fibronectin in adhesion, spreading and cytoskeletal organization of cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6808398 TI - [Pneumomediastinum as complication in diabetic ketoacidosis]. PMID- 6808397 TI - [Total parenteral feeding at home; experiences with 7 patients]. PMID- 6808399 TI - [Needle jejunostomy as an access for feeding following an operation]. PMID- 6808401 TI - [Prognosis and prevention of traumatic epilepsy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808400 TI - [The influence of anticonvulsive drugs on bone mineral content--a quantitative measurement by a roentgenological densitometric method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808402 TI - [Anxiety attacks as epileptic equivalents (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808403 TI - [Psychopathology of diurnal and sleep epilepsies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808404 TI - [Generalised follicular lymphadenopathy following primidone therapy: case report (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808405 TI - Pituitary and ovarian dysfunctions in women on haemodialysis. AB - 28 female uraemic patients treated by chronic haemodialysis were studied. Of these patients, 6 had regular cycles, 6 irregular cycles, 7 were amenorrhoeic and 9 post-menopausal. Plasma gonadotropins (FSH and LH) were determined in all patients. Plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progesterone were determined only when of possible interest. LRH stimulation test was performed in 5 amenorrhoeic patients. In 19 pre-menopausal women baseline plasma FSH values were always normal, but LH concentrations were above normal in 5. In all 9 post menopausal women both FSH and LH were markedly higher than in the pre-menopausal patients., either healthy or uraemic. Persistent oestrogen activity was found in the 6 regularly menstruating women as well as in the 5 women with oligomenorrhoea. Luteal phase plasma progesterone was in the low normal range in 3 patients and was markedly depressed in the others. A prolonged rise in LH and to a lesser extent in FSH was observed in 4 of the 5 patients studied after 100 micrograms of LRH were administered intravenously. These results suggest that the defect underlying gonadal dysfunction in uraemic women treated by chronic haemodialysis is mainly of suprahypophyseal origin. PMID- 6808407 TI - [Intravenous pyelography with visualization of renal arteries and pyelogram wash out, as the method of choice for the diagnosis of renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The authors review the various techniques of intravenous arteriography before an excretory urogram and discuss their role in the etiological diagnosis of hypertension. Detection of renovascular disease classically implied Seldinger arteriography, with its limited indications, because of side effects and cost. This classical approach should now be systematically replaced by the visualization of renal arteries during the intravenous pyelography procedure which appears to be a method more effective, as well as less expensive and hazardous. The pyelogram wash-out should still be performed when the visualization of the renal arteries is poor because of its value in the screening for renovascular hypertension. Furthermore, when a renal artery stenosis is clearly defined, the wash-out of the pyelogram should also be performed because of its prognostic value. As the classical approach for the etiological diagnosis of hypertension, this technique has limited indications. It is indicated in severe hypertension in the young, when medical treatment does not control blood pressure satisfactorily or when renal failure progresses rapidly. Furthermore, this technique allows a non traumatic follow up of operated or dilated stenoses. PMID- 6808406 TI - The fractional hepatic extraction of histidine in acute and chronic renal failure. AB - The fractional hepatic extraction (FHE) of histidine absorbed from the in vivo perfused jejunum was measured in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF) and acute renal failure (ARF). CRF rats were compared with two groups: (a) animals pair-fed with the CRF rats, designated as a protein-calorie malnutrition (PCM) group, and (b) animals fed ad libitum. Despite their poor dietary intake, the FHE of histidine in the CRF animals did not differ from that of rat fed ad libitum. As expected, the PCM animals demonstrated a substantial reduction in the FHE of histidine, thereby making the amino acid more available for peripheral tissue utilization. Animals with ARF also manifested no change in the FHE of histidine. The present study was designed to examine the hypothesis that in CRF, the lack of hepatic adaptations to the diminished intake of histidine may contribute to the abnormal metabolism of this amino acid in uremia. PMID- 6808408 TI - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH, and prolactin in aging C57BL/6 mice at various times of the estrous cycle. AB - Plasma and pituitary concentrations of LH, FSH, and prolactin (Prl) were measured by RIA in 2-4, 7-8, 12-13 and 16-20 month-old female C57BL/6 mice during various stages of the estrous cycle. In general, gonadotropin concentrations tended to rise with increasing age and Prl concentrations tended to decline. Pronounced differences existed, however, between the four age groups around the time of the LH surge. LH secretion declined progressively with increasing age at 21.00 hr of proestrus. Aged mice, 16-20 months old, had significantly lower plasma concentrations of LH than did other age groups. It is not known whether age related changes in the ovary, pituitary, or hypothalamus are largely responsible for differences in the secretion of LH, FSH and Prl in aging C57BL/6 mice. PMID- 6808409 TI - [Protective effect of fluosol-DA in acute cerebral ischemia (author's transl)]. AB - Fluosol-DA (Perfluorochemical Blood Substitutes) are small particle fluorocarbons suspended in an emulsion and have a high propensity for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. Fluosol-DA was investigated for the modification of acute focal cerebral ischemia and compared with mannitol. A total of 36 adult cats was divided into three groups and underwent transorbital microtourniquet ligation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Control animals were given intravenous isotonic saline. Animals in the experimental groups were treated with either intravenous Fluosol-DA or Mannitol. All animals were nursed in an oxygen chamber and four cats from each group were sacrificed at 1, 3 and 6 hours after MCA occlusion. The results of macroscopic and histological examination of the brain suggested Fluosol-DA had a remarkable protective effect on acute focal cerebral ischemia which was in keeping with the observed neurological outcome. It is suggested that Fluosol-DA may support flow in the microcirculation and the small particles of Fluosol-DA may be able to reach the area of ischemia via collaterals by decreasing blood viscosity, preventing narrowing of the arteriolar and capillary lumen and increasing the cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6808410 TI - Historical survey. The concept of a sensorimotor cortex: its later history during the twentieth century. AB - This paper continues the historical review on the concept of a sensorimotor cortex into the twentieth century. Paul Flechsig was probably the first to accept this concept after the turn of the century. Like Munk, he believed in an almost reflex-like unity between cortical sensory and motor function. With the help of his myelogenetic technique, Flechsig also demonstrated convincingly in the human brain that the two Rolandic convolutions receive a separate influx of thalamic afferents. Had this finding met with more attention, much experimental work by some of the distinguished later investigators might have proved to be unnecessary. Research has now reached a state when an early plausible explanation of the problem may be confidently expected. PMID- 6808411 TI - Pituitary gonadotrophin-releasing hormone responsiveness in the prepubertal period: effect of delayed puberty onset. PMID- 6808412 TI - Discrete lesions reveal functional heterogeneity of suprachiasmatic structures in regulation of gonadotropin secretion in the female rat. AB - The present study examines the function of several cytologically distinct suprachiasmatic structures in the regulation of ovulation and positive feedback effects of estrogen and progesterone on gonadotropin release in the rat. Small (0.6-0.8 mm dia.) electrolytic lesions were placed at four loci along the rostrocaudal extent of the suprachiasmatic region in regularly cycling female rats. Anovulatory persistent estrus occurred only when lesions were located either in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) or the medial preoptic nucleus (MPN), a small periventricular cell group lying immediately caudal to the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis (OVLT). Lesions restricted to the OVLT and adjacent ventral prechiasmatic region (VPC-L), or the anterior suprachiasmatic region (ASR) between the MPN and SCN resulted in irregular estrous cycles frequently marked by periods of prolonged diestrus. Following administration of 50 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB) a daily afternoon surge of gonadotropin was observed in control animals. This circadian release of gonadotropins was completely abolished by SCN, ASR and MPN lesions. EB-induced gonadotropin surges were also greatly attenuated by VPC-L lesions. Subsequent administration of 1.5 mg progesterone (P) induced large surges of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in VPC-L and ASR lesioned animals as well as controls. P administration also elicited gonadotropin surges in SCN lesioned animals, although surges were markedly attenuated in magnitude compared to controls. Only lesions that destroyed the MPN and immediately adjacent periventricular tissue completely and invariably eliminated P-induced gonadotropin release. Thus, anovulatory persistent estrus appears to be associated specifically with lesions that interfere with the-positive feedback effect of P (MPN and SCN lesions). Animals with lesions that block or attenuate EB effects without interfering with P sensitive neural substrates can maintain long-term spontaneous ovulation (VPC-L and ASR lesions). An hypothesis is advanced to account for the differential effect of MPN and SCN lesions on P-induced gonadotropin release. PMID- 6808413 TI - Effect of central catecholamine depletion on 3H-dexamethasone binding in the dog. AB - Dogs were bilaterally adrenalectomized (Adx) or sham adrenalectomized 2 weeks after the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline-ascorbic acid vehicle directly into the third ventricle (3V). Hypothalamic and hippocampal cytosols were assayed in vitro for high affinity binding of 3H-dexamethasone (3H DM). 6-OHDA treatment resulted in a significant reduction of norepinephrine concentration in the hypothalamus, but not in the hippocampus, when measured 2 weeks after the second dose. Treatment with this neurotoxin also caused a decrease in 3H-DM binding in the hypothalamus that was detectable after adrenalectomy. A statistically significant reduction in bound DM was not observed in the hypothalamus after 6-OHDA treatment of dogs with intact adrenals, perhaps because of a masking effect of endogenous corticosteroids. No change was observed in the hippocampus. Saturation analysis of binding data revealed the total maximum number of available binding sites in hypothalamic cytosol was lower after 6-OHDA treatment, compared to saline-injected controls. Calculated values for dissociation constants revealed no differences between dogs treated with Adx, saline and Adx, and 6-OHDA. The data support the suggestion that catecholamines may act, in part, by altering the specific binding of a glucocorticoid to its hypothalamic receptor. PMID- 6808414 TI - Reversible panhypopituitarism caused by a suprasellar aneurysm: the contribution of mass effect to pituitary dysfunction. AB - A case of panhypopituitarism and hyperprolactinemia caused by a giant intracranial aneurysm is presented. The case is unique because both the pattern of the pituitary dysfunction and the complete normalization of all pituitary function after decompression of the aneurysm demonstrate the importance of pure compressive effects of mass lesions on pituitary function. The literature regarding return of pituitary function after resection of sellar and suprasellar masses is reviewed, and a schema for classification of pituitary dysfunction caused by mass lesions is proposed. PMID- 6808416 TI - The anterior border zones of primary somatic sensory (S1) neocortex and their relation to cerebral convolutions, shown by micromapping of peripheral projections to the region of the fourth forepaw digit representation in raccoons. AB - In raccoons the somatic sensory neocortex is greatly expanded, with separate gyral crowns devoted to and intervening sulci separating, sensory representations of separate body parts, most strikingly those of the volar surfaces of individual forepaw digits. Most of the cortex in this region is buried in widely ramifying sulcal walls, wherein sensory projections have not been studied. We have determined mechanosensory projections to the fourth digit representation region including all neighboring sulcal walls, using tungsten microelectrodes for 3 dimensional micromapping. We found no significant alteration in the location and pattern of projections when the following different anesthetics were used: dial urethane, chloralose, or methoxyflurane with nitrous oxide. The precisely organized somatotopic representation of the distal volar surface of the fourth digit, on the causal aspect of its gyral crown, continues down the anterior bank of the triradiate sulcus. This meets, at the fundus, projections from the proximal volar surface of the digit which occupy the posterior sulcus wall; they in turn meet projections from the volar palm at the gyral crown. In the anterior part of the crown containing the representation of the distal volar digit, across the crown. In the anterior part of the crown containing the representation of the distal volar digit, across the crown of the gyral bridge intervening between the medial and lateral segments of the central sulcus, throughout the posterior walls of the central sulci, and in the walls of the interbrachial sulcus, we found a distinctive border-zone of projections from heterogeneous receptive fields. Within a roughly somatotopic basic pattern of organization we found intermingled projections from single and multiple claws and dorsal hairy surfaces of digits and proximal hand, along with additional projections from volar surfaces. These projections can be construed as forming something of a distorted mirror-image of the representation of the volar hand. Beyond this was a second zone of distinctive projections from afferents of the forelimb muscles, in the anterior walls of the central sulci. These projections are interrupted where the sulci are interrupted. The zone of muscle afferent projections corresponds to those seen between sensory and motor regions in other species; its strict association with sulcal folding here and in other species suggests a general relationship of these projections to central sulci. The zone of heterogeneous projections resembles similar zones seen at other levels of this system in raccoons, in the cortex of other species, and it may relate to some of the multiple representation reported in other species. It also may be related to the formation of sulci in this region and may be a specialized zone for cortico-cortical connections. PMID- 6808415 TI - Functional validation of projection topography in the nigrostriatal dopamine system. AB - Anatomical investigations have revealed that the nigrostriatal pathway is topographically organised. In two experiments, nigrostriatal topography was investigated with catecholamine specific procedures, using paradigms which reflect the functional activity of dopaminergic neurones. Data were analysed with the intention of discovering possible relationships between the mesencephalic location of stimulating electrodes or injection cannulae, the extent and location of dopamine histofluorescence depletion within the striatum, and the effects of amphetamine and apomorphine on rotational behaviour. In animals pretreated with 250 mg/kg alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine it was found that unilateral stimulation with medially-placed nigral electrodes produced maximal depletion of dopamine histofluorescence in anterior dorso-medial regions of the striatum, while laterally-located electrodes principally depleted posterior, ventro-lateral areas. In the second experiment, 2 micrograms of 6-hydroxydopamine in a volume of 0.5 microliter was injected unilaterally at varying loci within the ventral midbrain of animals pre-treated with desmethylimipramine (25 mg/kg). It was discovered that the lateral injection coordinate was significantly associated with both the extent and location of the depletion of dopamine-related fluorescence from the ipsilateral striatum. Rotational behaviour, induced by dopamine-agonists was related firstly, to the overall extent of dopamine depletion from the striatum, and secondly, the contraversive turning induced by apomorphine in particular was related to the dorsoventral coordinate of the mesencephalic 6-hydroxydopamine injection. The results provide functional validation for the pattern of topographical projection within the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system proposed on the basis of intracellular tracing techniques. PMID- 6808417 TI - Familial myoclonus epilepsy and choreoathetosis: hereditary dentatorubral pallidoluysian atrophy. PMID- 6808418 TI - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and paraproteinemia. PMID- 6808419 TI - [Neoplasms of the head of the pancreas. Bilio-digestive shunts or duodenocephalopancreatectomy?]. PMID- 6808420 TI - [Considerations on 7 years' experience in the use of total parenteral nutrition in the surgical department]. PMID- 6808421 TI - [Specialized nutrition in surgically treated liver disease patients]. PMID- 6808423 TI - [Transplantation of islet cells]. PMID- 6808424 TI - Intracerebral 6-hydroxydopamine produces extensive damage to the blood-brain barrier in rats. AB - Extensive extravasation of intravenously administered horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was observed in rat brains infused intranigrally with 8 microgram/4 microliter or 4 microgram/2 microliter 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), suggesting that the cytotoxin produced widespread alterations in the integrity of the blood brain barrier. Such damage was dose-dependent and occurred in the mesencephalon around the cannula tip, along the cannula tract, and in the cerebral cortex. The extent of HRP extravasation diminished as a function of increasing time after 6 OHDA administration. These findings indicate that alterations in blood-brain barrier permeability may contribute to the constellation of dysfunctions and possible recovery of function following intranigral infusions of the cytotoxin. PMID- 6808425 TI - Malnutrition and anergy in liver disorders. PMID- 6808422 TI - [New indications on the clinical aspects and therapy of ketoacidosis and diabetic coma]. PMID- 6808426 TI - Linolenic acid deficiency in man. PMID- 6808428 TI - Fecal neutral sterols in patients with colon cancer. AB - Fecal cholesterol and its metabolites were measured in 10 patients with colon cancer and 10 control subjects. All individuals were consuming a mixed western diet of collection of stool specimens. The fecal concentration of total neutral sterols and coprostanol was greater in the control subjects as compared to the colon cancer patients, but the difference was not statistically significant. The same was the case for the metabolic conversion rate of cholesterol. The frequency distribution of the latter was bimodal especially among control subjects, with 3 subjects having an extremely high conversion rate. The level of neutral sterols is lower from stated values in most reports for colon cancer patients but higher to that reported for high risk populations for colon cancer and to this respect our finding are relevant with the increasing incidence of colon cancer in Greece. PMID- 6808427 TI - Thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin formation in rats fed cod-liver or sunflower oil. PMID- 6808430 TI - Studies on the physiopathology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the horse. V. Blood gas and acid-base values during exercise. AB - The haemoglobin concentration, the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the oxygen content and the pH were determined in the arterial and mixed venous blood of 5 normal and 3 horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) at 3 stages of an exercise distance of 1200 m. Arterial and mixed venous samples were collected simultaneously by means of an automatic technique during the walk, trot and gallop at 0-100 m, at 500-600 m and at 1100-1200 m. The standard bicarbonate and the lactic and pyruvic acid concentrations were also determined in arterial and mixed venous blood. Highly significant changes in the mean values of PvO2. O2 content and delta a-vO2 content occurred during exercise in COPD subjects, and significant changes in PvO2 and delta a-vO2 content occurred during exercise in normal subjects. We concluded that COPD subjects compensated for respiratory dysfunction during exercise by extracting more oxygen from the blood than did normal horses. There was a highly significant correlation between the changes in standard bicarbonate and the changes in lactic acid concentration during exercise in both normal and COPD subjects. This led to the conclusion that lactic acid production was primarily, but not completely, responsible for the metabolic acidosis of exercise in horses. PMID- 6808429 TI - [Aspects of the problem of regulator genes in the genetics of development]. AB - The concept of gene-regulator in the genetics of prokaryotes and eukaryotes is considered. On the basis of numerous data, a conclusion is drawn on the presence of gene-controlled substances in eukaryotes which activate and suppress cell differentiation at many levels from transcription to posttranslation. It is proposed to define the gene-regulator in eukaryotes as a gene controlling the phenotypic expression (rather than activity only) of other genes at different levels of regulation. PMID- 6808431 TI - Antibacterial activity of gutta-percha cones attributed to the zinc oxide component. AB - Growth of several species of bacteria was inhibited by the presence of endodontic gutta-percha cones. Microbiologic analysis, measurement of osmolarity, microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron micrography were used to identify the biologically active component that slowly leaches from gutta percha cones. This component is zinc oxide in the form of small solid particles, from which active, soluble Zn2+ ion is mobilized by hydrolysis. A hypothesis on the "depot" effect of the ZnO particles is formulated, and is used to discuss some earlier reported literature on toxic and antibacterial activity of zinc oxide-containing materials. It is concluded that zinc oxide is not to be considered an inert compound. Its widespread uses in medicine and dentistry seem to reside in its "inert," biocompatible, and astringent properties mainly. The biologically active role of zinc oxide, however, merits further investigation. PMID- 6808432 TI - The effects of decreasing surface tension on the flow of irrigating solutions in narrow root canals. PMID- 6808433 TI - [Drug therapy of venous hypertension in cardiac insufficiency]. PMID- 6808434 TI - Effective marketing. Are you keeping pace? PMID- 6808436 TI - [Immunochemical alpha, -antitrypsin determination in the serum of patients with mucoviscidosis, heterozygote marker carriers and controls]. PMID- 6808437 TI - [Anti-plasmin (alpha 2-macroglobulin) activity in the plasma of patients with cystic fibrosis, healthy marker carriers and controls]. PMID- 6808435 TI - Therapeutic nutritional practices for the cancer patient. PMID- 6808438 TI - Parental nutrition in sick low-birth-weight neonates. AB - T. P. N. (aminoacids-glucose-fat) or aminoacids and glucose (A-G.) was given to 49 premature low-birth-weight neonates through peripheral veins for 7--42 days. The T. P. N. infusate contained glucose 12--20.5 g/kg/day and a standard dose of 2 g/kg/day for aminoacids and fat. The patients formed 4 groups: Twenty neonates were healthy but unable to tolerate oral feeding. Ten of them (group A) received T. P. N. and ten (Group B) received only A-G. Twenty nine neonates suffered from serious illness: 14 of them (Group C) received T. P. N. and 15 (Group D) A-G. In healthy neonates the weight gain was significantly higher in those who received T. P. N. than in those who took the same amount of calories but with A-G only. The addition of fat in parenteral nutrition is necessary in order to achieve a weight gain similar to that of intrauterine period. Fat is even more necessary in sick low-birth-weight neonates because they were found to be unable to tolerate high doses of glucose. Only part of the energy intake of the sick neonates could be covered with A-G. The present study has shown that parenteral nutrition can safely be given to sick low-birth-weight neonates without serious complications. PMID- 6808439 TI - Maternal hypoxaemia during labor. AB - A review is given covering four different series of studies revealing maternal hypoxaemia during labour, in spite of normal maternal heart and lung function. The previous Swedish use of 100% nitrous oxide inhalation during contractions lead to serious maternal hypoxaemia. The use of pethidine in combination with hyperventilation during the contractions leads to long respiratory pauses and maternal hypoxaemia in between the contractions. Excessive hyperventilation during the contractions may in itself lead to a so called hyperventilation hypoventilation syndrome with maternal hypoxaemia. Finally excessive sustained pushing with maximal effort and no ventilation also leads to maternal hypoxaemia. Thus maternal hypoxaemia, although largely unknown is not too infrequent and is mainly of iatrogenic origin. Proper knowledge should suffice for prevention. PMID- 6808440 TI - [Respiratory mechanics and respiratory regulation in healthy and respiratory diseased newborn infants of different gestational ages]. AB - The interaction of lung mechanics, peripheral lung reflexes and chemosensitivity of the respiratory center were studied in over 80 newborns. Healthy newborns (gestational age between 30 and 41 weeks) and newborns with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) (gestational age between 29 and 40 weeks) were studied on the first day of life. Spontaneously breathing newborns were examined using the airway occlusion technique (AOT), and intubated babies using the injection technique (IT) to measure the compliance of the respiratory system (Crs), the strength of the inspiration inhibiting reflex (IIR) and inspiratory time during airway occlusion (Ti occ), and index of chemosensitivity of the respiratory center. Crs in healthy newborns increased only slightly but statistically significant (p less than 0.001) with gestational age. Crs of newborns with RDS had an overwhelming influence on their prognosis. Newborns with Crs of less than or equal to 1 developed respiratory failure and needed ventilatory support. Newborns with a Crs less than or equal to 0.5 died despite respiratory therapy. The activity of the peripheral vagally mediated reflex system also depended on the Crs. Our results indicate that the decrease in reflex activity with gestational age is not brought about by neurologic maturation but is caused by the increasing Crs. We conclude that the peripheral vagally mediated reflexes remain the same throughout life, just the boundary condition Crs, which is given by the lung mechanics, is different for premature or mature newborns and changes with age. The chemosensitivity of the respiratory center for CO2 was characterized by the inspiratory time after an expiratory occlusion (Ti occ) which is not influenced by lung mechanics. Ti occ correlated significantly with pCO2. The relation between Ti occ and pCO2 was similar for premature and mature, healthy and respiratory ill newborns. Consequently, chemosensitivity, expressed as the ratio of Ti occ and pCO2, is independent of gestational age. PMID- 6808441 TI - The unspecific antibody response to N. meningitidis group A capsular polysaccharide often seen in bacteraemic diseases. AB - When studying acute and convalescent phase sera of patients with bacteraemic diseases, an unexpected rise of antibody activity (measured as binding of radioactive antigen) towards the capsular polysaccharide of Neisseria meningitidis group A (MenA) was observed in 59 out of 292 patients whose infection was caused by other organisms (other groups of N. meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus). This non-specific reaction was not seen in non bacteraemic diseases (Mycoplasma pneumonia, viral meningitis) or after immunization with H. influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide or Salmonella and cholera whole cell vaccines. The 'unspecific' anti-MenA antibodies were of all immunoglobulin classes A, G and M tested, and had lower avidity than did those in the specific response. They were clearly inhibitable by N-acetylmannosamine which inhibited the specific antibodies only marginally. PMID- 6808443 TI - [Epidemiologic markers of Neisseria (author's transl)]. AB - The world-wide increase of gonococcal infections and meningococcal infections should incite to face up all necessary means of checking which can be actually envisaged against these diseases. The major phenomenon regarding gonococcal infections is the appearance, since 1976, of plasmidic resistance by a beta lactamase secretion. Two different types of strains have been described: one originating from West-Africa, the other one from South-East Asia (that latter presenting a conjugating plasmid to totalizing 24,5 M-daltons involving coding plasmid for beta-lactamase). Among approximately thirty strains isolated in France, these ones appear to be equally shared out between these two types, following the results of our actual studies. Catlin's auxotype, which has been used in France and in some African countries (study in progress) tends to confirm the previous studies: auxotypes variations according to clinical forms an geographical distribution of strains. The other markers described in the literature are debated. As to meningococcus serogoups that we have carried out, they show a distribution well known in France, i.e. group B is largely predominating, groups A and C coming afterwards. It should be noted the appearance of some cases caused by groups Y and W135. The first results obtained thanks to serotyping, according to Frasch's technique appear to show a majority of type 2 or 2-associated in cases of diseases as other authors have proved. PMID- 6808442 TI - [Circulating immune complexes, detection in human glomerulonephritis by the PEG EDTA technique (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study, we screened sera samples of 128 patients with glomerulonephritis (GN) for the presence of circulating immune-complexes (CIC) fixing C1q by precipitation of native C1q with 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of 10 mM EDTA. The amount of precipitated C1q, as measured by Mancini, is less than 27% (m +/- 2 SD) of the original value in control sera. We found 35/128 (27%) positives samples, distributed as follows: 4/17 (24%) in acute GN, 10/15 (67%) in SLE, 2/16 (13%) in membraneous GN, 13/24 (54%) in membranoproliferative GN, 3/16 (19%) in segmental focal hyalinosis, 2/10 (20%) in minimal lesions nephrotic syndrome, and 1/30 (3%) in mesangial IgA GN. We then correlated these results with clinical, serological and pathological data. Whatever the type of GN, the presence of CIC fixing C1q correlated significantly, well with : the presence of chronic renal failure (serum creatinine greater than or equal to 2 mg/dl) (X2 = 5.48, p less than 0.02), the presence of hypocomplementemia (X2 = 12.30, p less than 0.001), the presence of low serum C3 (X2 = 8.25, p less than 0.01), the activation of C3 through normal pathway (low serum C4 and/or C1q) (X2 - 18.12, p less than 0.001) and the presence of glomerular deposits of C3 (X2 = 8.52, p less than 0.01), of C4 (X2 = 7.10, p less than 0.01), and of C1q (X2 = 4.11, p less than 0.05). The technique is simple, does not require labeled C1q, and allows the further study of antigen or antibody determinants of the complexes. Its sensitivity is near that of the 125 I-C1q binding assay technique. Such routine screening is a major immunopathologic step in the investigation of human GN. PMID- 6808445 TI - [Comparison of radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry for the determination of pregnancy specific beta 1-SP1-glycoprotein in plasma]. AB - Concentrations of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein were assayed in 137 plasmas by radial immunodiffusion and laser nephelometry. The two methods were evaluated in parallel. A good correlation factor was founded for SP1 values above 60 mg/l. Although the sensitivity of both methods at low concentrations remained unsatisfactory, that of laser nephelometry was superior and therefore to be preferred. PMID- 6808444 TI - Helminth functional antigens (with special reference to S. mansoni). AB - Study of helminth antigens with a special reference to Schistosoma are reviewed, not exhaustively but rather as an overview of trends. These antigens are considered at four levels. Firstly, characterization and utilization of genus, species or stage-specific antigens should improve the efficiency of immunological diagnosis of helminth diseases. Then, some well-characterized antigens are of interest because of their involvement in the modulation of the immune response or in the immunopathological field. Finally, identification of relevant antigens capable of eliciting a protective immune response is a prerequisite to any attempt at immunoprophylaxy of helminthic infections. PMID- 6808447 TI - Musculoskeletal bleeding in hemophilia. PMID- 6808446 TI - Rheumatic fever: a streptococcal-induced autoimmune disease? PMID- 6808448 TI - Intestinal calcium-binding protein in the developing rat duodenum. PMID- 6808449 TI - Carbonic anhydrase in the human fetal lung. AB - Lung tissue from human fetuses, with gestational ages ranging between 14-26 wk, was studied by histochemical and biochemical methods. The findings were similar in all tissues tested, without apparent correlation to gestational age. Staining that indicated carbonic anhydrase activity was found in the capillary endothelium and in the epithelium of some segments of the peripheral airways. The ciliated epithelium of the central airways was unstained. The distribution of the enzyme in the human fetal lung differed clearly from that in the adult human lung, where little or no enzyme has been found in the airway epithelium. The mean carbonic anhydrase activity in whole homogenates of fetal lung tissue was 24 enzyme units per g wet weight of tissue. Ninety % of this activity was recovered in the supernatant fraction. Assay of this fraction by a radioimmunosorbent technique showed the presence of the carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme HCA-C corresponding to 380 ng enzyme per mg tissue protein. Small amounts of HCA-B were also found but are thought to be attributable to contaminating erythrocytes; thus, the data suggest that both the capillary endothelium and the lung epithelium contain HCA C, an isoenzyme of carbonic anhydrase known to be involved in electrolyte transport in many tissues. PMID- 6808450 TI - Effect of homocysteine and homocystine on platelet and vascular arachidonic acid metabolism. AB - Normal hemostasis depends in part on the balance achieved between proaggregatory and prothrombotic platelet thromboxane A2, measured as its stable end-product thromboxane B2 (TXB2), and vascular prostacyclin (PGI2), which inhibits platelet aggregation and is antithrombotic. Cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency is characterized by a high frequency of thromboembolic disease. We therefore studied, in vitro, the effects of homocysteine and related compounds on platelet TXB2 and vascular PGI2 formation. In paired samples of platelet rich plasma, which had been preincubated with L-homocystine (1 mM), mean production of the two platelet cyclooxygenase products, TXB2 and 12-hydroxy-5, 8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid increased significantly from control levels [13.6% +/- 1.9 to 19.8% +/- 2.1 (P less than 0.02) TXB2 and 29.8% +/- 4.2 to 39.4% +/- 4.1 (P less than 0.01) HHT]. In the presence of D,L-homocysteine (1 mM), mean TXB2 and 12-hydroxy-5,8,10 heptadecatrienoic acid production was also significantly increased [12.7% +/- 1.5 to 16.9% +/- 1.5 (P less than 0.01) TXB2 and 27% +/- 4 to 31% +/- 4.1 (P less than 0.02) HHT]. Cystine, cysteine, or methionine (1 mM) did not have similar effects in this test system. Homocysteine and homocystine were without effect on the synthesis of vascular PGI2 by umbilical artery segments [control, 0.22 +/- 0.03 to 0.21 +/- 0.03 ng/mg with D,L-homocysteine and 0.20 +/- 0.04 control to 0.19 +/- 0.04 ng/mg with D,L-homocystine]. A homocyst(e)ine-induced increase in platelet thromboxane production in the absence of an increase in vascular prostacyclin, if present in vivo, may contribute to the vascular thromboses characteristic of human homocystinemias (homocystinurias). PMID- 6808452 TI - Hypothalamic adipsia without demonstrable structural lesion. AB - The clinical and laboratory data of a 5-year-old boy with the syndrome of essential hypernatremia are presented. In a four-year follow-up, no demonstrable hypothalamic structural lesion has been identified. Review of the literature has uncovered four similar cases, suggesting a distinct syndrome of altered hypothalamic function. The syndrome is characterized by: adipsia-hypodipsia (5/5 patients), recurrent hypernatremia (5/5), obesity (4/5), inability to excrete a water load (5/5), lack of growth hormone release in response to provocative stimuli (4/4), blunted thyrotropin releasing hormone responses (3/4), hypothyroidism (2/4), and hyperlipemia associated with hypernatremic crisis (1/1). In one of the patients the syndrome has been attributed to a disturbance of the opioid-peptide system. PMID- 6808451 TI - [Rh C incompatibility as a cause of severe anemia in a 1-month-old infant]. PMID- 6808454 TI - Cardiac and ophthalmic malformations and in utero exposure to dilantin. PMID- 6808453 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs: Valproic acid: benefits and risks. PMID- 6808455 TI - Cost effectiveness of home management of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. PMID- 6808457 TI - Hexamethylmelamine and hexamethylmelamine hydrochloride. AB - Methods of analysis of the anticancer drug hexamethylmelamine, its physicochemical properties, its therapeutic uses and its fate in vivo upon oral administration, are described. The data are taken in part from the literature, in part from our own studies. The low solubility of hexamethylmelamine in water has prevented the parenteral administration of the drug to humans. The preparation of the water-soluble monohydrochloride of hexamethylmelamine, which may be suitable for this purpose, is reported, as well as its physicochemical characteristics and methods of analysis. PMID- 6808456 TI - [Role of bronchoscopy in the treatment of children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6808458 TI - Analysis of cellular reaction to glucose of toad skin treated with aldosterone. AB - Toad skin exposed overnight to aldosterone, was examined by means of microelectrodes before and after addition of glucose to the incubation fluid in 7 instances. Glucose addition led with minutes to epithelial cell hyperpolarization associated with increases of conductances at both cell borders, the increase being twice as large (in relative terms) at the basolateral border as at the apical one. Since glucose had no effect on untreated preparations, these observations represent another argument for aldosterone influencing target cells in a way that is not restricted to increased apical conductance. PMID- 6808460 TI - Electrophysiological analysis of rat renal sugar and amino acid transport. IV. Basic amino acids. AB - Electrophysiological techniques were used to study the transport of the basic amino acids L-arginine, L-lysine and L-ornithine in rat kidney proximal tubule in vivo. Tubular cells were punctured with microelectrodes and the response of the cell membrane potential to sudden applications of the amino acids was measured. In the presence of physiological Na+ concentrations luminal perfusion with millimolar concentrations of basic amino acids depolarized the tubular cells in a concentration dependent fashion by up to 15 mV, while in the absence of Na+ no significant potential changes were observed. These observations indicate that the basic amino acids are taken up into the cell across the brushborder in coupling with Na+ ions in a similar way as neutral and acidic amino acids, and that simple conductive pathways for uncoupled flow of the basic amino acids do either not exist or are quantitatively negligible in the brushborder. From kinetic measurements and competition experiments it was concluded that all basic amino acids are transported by the same transport system, which however does not accept acidic or neutral amino acids (with the possible exception of L-cystine). Perfusion of the peritubular capillaries with millimolar concentrations of basic amino acids depolarized the cells only by approximately 1 mV, both in the presence and absence of Na+. This observation may indicate that a passive uncoupled transport pathway for basic amino acids is present in the peritubular cell membrane to allow exit from cell to interstitial space, if the intracellular concentration rises high enough to overcome the cell membrane potential. PMID- 6808461 TI - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on ADH induced osmotic water flow in toad bladder. AB - The effect of hydrostatic pressure (HP) on antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulated osmotic water flow (Jv) across the toad urinary bladder was evaluated. Jv for ADH stimulated bladders was significantly reduced by an elevation of the serosal HP gradient to 1 cm H2O. Subsequent elimination of the HP gradient resulted in a recovery of Jv. Serosal HP also caused a reversible increase in sucrose permeability (P sucrose). For ADH-treated bladders fixed with glutaraldehyde during serosal HP exposure, subsequent exposure to a mucosal or serosal HP gradient caused acceleration or inhibition of Jv, respectively. The reduction in ADH-associated Jv with serosal HP was apparently caused by a back-flux of water through a paracellular pathway. Jv and P sucrose were not affected by mucosal HP during ADH stimulation. The results suggest a specific sensitivity of a paracellular pathway to a small serosal HP gradient in bladders with ADH stimulated water flow. The reversibility of this effect on P sucrose suggests that the elements comprising the apical junctions are dynamic structures capable of recovering at least some of their permeability properties. PMID- 6808459 TI - Correction of CSF HCO(-3) after its experimental increase in normocapnia. Role of plasma HCO(-3). AB - In anesthetized normocapnic dogs CSF [HCO(-3)] was increased to 33 mmol/l by perfusing the brain ventricles for 45 min with a mock CSF containing a high [HCO( 3)]. In dogs with normal plasma [HCO(-3)], CSF [HCO(-3)]fell by ca. 7 mmol/l in 2 h following the end of the perfusion. Lowering plasma [HCO(-3)] to 11 mmol/l by infusing HCl intravenously was without effect but increasing plasma [HCO(-3)] to 36 mmol/l by infusing Na2CO3 limited the CSF [HCO(-3)] fall to 2.8 mmol/l. It is concluded that correction of CSF [HCO(-3)] is partially dependent on a sufficiently low plasma [HCO(-3)]. The small and persistent fall of CSF [HCO(-3)] which at high plasma [HCO(-3)] occurs against a concentration gradient with blood suggests moreover the contribution of more specific mechanism(s) for lowering CSF [HCO(-3)] after its experimental increase. PMID- 6808462 TI - [Dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma. A little known clinical and biochemical entity (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have observed a case of phaeochromocytoma revealed by fever and poor general condition without hypertension. Urinary catecholamine assays showed predominant dopamine secretion. Only 13 cases of dopamine-secreting phaeochromocytoma have been published so far, including 4 with clinical symptoms resembling those of this patient. The metabolic and hormonal effects of high plasma dopamine levels were studied, and responses similar to those observed with TRH stimulation by dopamine infusions were obtained: TSH and prolactin responses were inhibited, and GH was increased. This case underlines the need for catecholamine assays, including dopamine, in patients with unexplained fever and apparently non-secretory adrenal tumour. PMID- 6808463 TI - Lysine tRNAs from Bacillus subtilis 168: function of the isoacceptors in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free protein-synthesizing system. AB - The two principal tRNA Lys isoaccepting species of Bacillus subtilis were compared in their functional activity in translating rabbit globin. Although neither species demonstrates any preference in reading either of the lysine codons, there is an overall preference for tRNa Lys 3 in lysine incorporation. The ratios of lysine incorporated by the two species into the different lysine containing sites in the globin subunits vary over a more than two-fold range. As described in the accompanying paper, tRNA Lys 1 is a hypomodified form of tRNA Lys 3. Consistent with studies on other rRNA species, the fully modified isoacceptor functions preferentially. In contrast to these results, however, the fully modified isoacceptor (tRNA Lys 3) is found predominantly in rapidly dividing cells while the hypomodified isoacceptor (tRNA Lys 1) predominates in the stationary cells and spores of B.l subtilis. PMID- 6808464 TI - Lysine tRNAs from Bacillus subtilis 168: structural analysis. AB - The primary sequence was established for two lysine tRNA isoacceptors which differ in abundance during development in Bacillus subtilis. Both tRNAs shared the same primary sequence but differed in the degree of post-transcriptional modification in the anticodon loop. The earlier eluting species, tRNA lys 1, had an unmodified C in position 32 and a mixture of N-[9-beta-ribofuranosyl) purin-6 ylcarbamoyl]-L-threonine, t6A, and N-[(9-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2-methylthio-purin 6-yl)carbamoyl]threonine, ms2t6A, in position 37. The later eluting species, tRNA Lys 3, which is the more efficient in protein synthesis, had a modified C in position 32 and only ms2t6A in position 37. The possibility exists that modification to make a more efficient tRNA species may be part of a functional interaction between the translational and transcriptional changes that are part of the differentiation process in B. subtilis. PMID- 6808465 TI - Nucleotide sequence of wheat germ cytoplasmic initiator methionine transfer ribonucleic acid. AB - The primary sequence of wheat germ initiator tRNA has been determined using in vitro labelling techniques. The sequence is: pAUCAGAGUm1Gm2GCGCAG CGGAAGCGUm2GG psi GGGCCCAUt6AACCCACAGm7GDm5Cm5CCAGGA psi CGm1AAACCUG*GCUCUGAUACCAOH. As in other eukaryotic initiator tRNAs, the sequence -T psi CG(A)- present in loop IV of virtually all tRNA active in protein synthesis is absent and is replaced by -A psi CG-. The base pair G2:C71 present in all other initiator tRNAs recognized by E. coli Met-tRNA transformylase is absent and is replaced by U2:A71. Since wheat germ initiator tRNA is not formylated by E. coli Met-tRNA transformylase this implies a possible role of the G2:C71 base pair present in other initiator tRNAs in formylation of initiator tRNA species. PMID- 6808467 TI - [Hypothalamo-hypophyseal control system in hemodialysis patients]. PMID- 6808466 TI - The gene for the large subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA: location, polarity, cloning, and evidence for an intervening sequence. AB - The gene for the large subunit (LS) of ribulose-1,5,-bisphosphate carboxylase of Euglena gracilis Z chloroplast DNA has been mapped by heterologous hybridization with DNA restriction fragments containing internal sequences from the Zea mays and Chlamydomonas reinhardii LS genes. The Euglena LS gene which has the same polarity as the Euglena rRNA genes has been located with respect to Pst I, Pvu I, and HindIII sites within the Eco RI fragment Eco A. The region of Euglena chloroplast DNA complementary to an 887 bp internal fragment from the Chlamydomonas chloroplast LS gene is interrupted by a 0.5-1.1 kbp non complementary sequence. This is the first chloroplast protein gene located on the Euglena genome, and the first evidence for an intervening sequence within any chloroplast protein gene. PMID- 6808468 TI - [Serum nitrate levels in patients with angina pectoris treated with the preparations nitroglycerin, Sustac, Nitrocard and Sorbonit]. PMID- 6808470 TI - Primary adenocarcinoma of the duodenum associated with cutaneous neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease). PMID- 6808469 TI - Menstrual disorders and mild thyroid insufficiency: intriguing cases suggesting an association. AB - Should patients with menstrual dysfunction but without obvious uterine pathology be considered for thyrotoxin-releasing hormone (TRH) testing? In several cases described here, and apparent relationship between menstrual disturbance and minimal thyroid insufficiency was documented by the patients' dramatic response to treatment with levothyroxine. PMID- 6808471 TI - Association of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis with adult polycystic disease of kidneys and liver. PMID- 6808473 TI - Blood platelet behaviour during infusion of an Intralipid-based intravenous feeding mixture. PMID- 6808472 TI - Penicillin sensitivities of gonoccocci, in 1977-80 from a peripheral health district, and their clinical correlation. PMID- 6808474 TI - Effect of protein and amino acid status on lipogenesis by turkey poults. AB - Feeding trials were conducted with large White turkey poults to determine the role of dietary protein, sulfur amino acid (SAA), and lysine levels on growth and in vitro lipogenesis by turkey poults. A basal, 23% protein diet was formulated to contain 75% of the National Research Council (NRC) requirement for both SAA (8.0 g/kg) and lysine (12.9 g/kg). Lysine hydrochloride and L-methionine were added to the basal diet. A 30% protein diet was formulated to contain 100% of the requirement for SAA and lysine and served as the dietary control treatment. Twenty-three percent protein diets supplemented to contain the required levels of SAA (10.5 g/kg) and lysine (17.0 g/kg) supported growth and feed consumption equal to that attached with the control diet. Glutamic-aspartic amino transferase (GAT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) activities were decreased (P less than 0.5) by 23% protein compared to 30% protein. Lysine additions to the 100% SAA diets increased GAT activity; however, additional lysine had little effect upon ICD activity. Each increment of lysine, whether fed to conjunction with 75 or 100% SAA, increased malic enzyme (ME) activity. It is suggested from the study that both GAT and ICD reflect the protein nutritional status of the poult and ME its lipogenic capacity. Lysine added to 23% protein diets increased (P less than .05) in vitro lipogenesis; however, this effect could be moderated by increasing the SAA level from 75 to 100% of the requirement. Liver slices preferentially used lactate over alanine as a lipid precursor; however, both lactate and alanine stimulated acetate incorporation into lipid equally. Liver slices did not use glucose for lipid synthesis to the degree that they used alanine, lactate, or acetate. PMID- 6808476 TI - [Editorial: Indications for long-term-(home) O2-therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808478 TI - [Cor pulmonale (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808477 TI - [Has long term oxygen therapy severe side effects?]. PMID- 6808479 TI - [A comparison of the cost of oxygen therapy: cylinder vs. concentrator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808475 TI - Comparisons of permethrin formulations and application methods for northern fowl mite control on caged laying hens. AB - Formulations of permethrin (Ectiban), a synthetic pyrethroid, as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC), wettable powder (WP), and dust were nearly equally effective for 9 or more weeks for control of the northern fowl mite, Ornithonyssus sylviarum (Canestrini and Fanzago), on caged laying hens under environmentally controlled conditions. The permethrin was applied to the vent area as .05% active ingredient (AI) spray of the diluted EC or WP at 40 ml per bird, .1% AI mist of the diluted EC at 20 ml per bird, and 4.5 g per bird of the .25% AI dust. Dilute sprays of .05% permethrin prepared from the EC and WP and applied at 40 ml per bird were more effective in a commercial caged-laying hen house for northern fowl mite control than were .5% sprays of tetrachlorvinphos (Rabon), Ravap, and carbaryl (Sevin). Satisfactory mite control was obtained with .6% permethrin prepared from the EC and misted at the rate of 2.5 ml per bird. Low volume, high concentration misting of permethrin was a promising method for mite control with satisfactory control achieved with .2% AI at 5 ml per bird and .6% AI at 2.5 ml per bird. PMID- 6808480 TI - [Pulmonary haemodynamics in long-term oxygen treatment at home of patients with chronic bronchitis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808485 TI - [The effect of posture on oxygen uptake, arterial blood gases, respiratory volume and perfusion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808482 TI - [Oxygen therapy vs. intermittent positive pressure respiration in the long-term treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808484 TI - [Pharmacology, toxicology and clinical use of pyrazinamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808483 TI - [Long-term domiciliary oxygen therapy of cardiac failure and cardiac arrhythmia accompanying respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808481 TI - [Long-term oxygen of patients with chest deformities; pathophysiological aspects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808486 TI - [Impaired gaseous exchange during the early postoperative stage after thoracotomy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808487 TI - [Inhalation provocation test with lysine-acetylsalicylic acid in patients with analgetics-induced asthma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808488 TI - [Mediastinal pseudotumors]. PMID- 6808489 TI - [Robert Koch. Remarks on today's views]. PMID- 6808490 TI - [The significance of Robert Koch for Japanese medicine--tuberculosis research in Japan]. PMID- 6808491 TI - [Tuberculosis etiology--its development and consequences (Robert Koch)]. PMID- 6808493 TI - Fine structure and growth characteristics of Mycobacteria. PMID- 6808492 TI - [Drug therapy of mycobacterial infections from the viewpoint of a bacteriologist]. PMID- 6808494 TI - Diamine oxidase from pig kidney: new purification method and amino acid composition. AB - Several methods for the isolation of apparently homogeneous pig kidney diamine oxidase have been reported in recent years (1-7), but these procedures allow to obtain only little amounts of material making very difficult the study of the molecular properties of the enzyme. Drawing useful indication from the purification procedures previously reported, we were able to set up a new method which allows to obtain homogeneous enzyme samples in high yield and with good reproducibility. This procedure allowed to determine with greater accuracy the molecular weight of the enzyme that resulted to be 170,000 daltons by gel chromatography and 145,000 by ultracentrifuge. The enzyme is composed of two apparently identical subunits and contains two copper atoms per dimer. The amino acid composition of the protein has been also worked out and found similar to those already reported for other copper dependent amine oxidases. Pig kidney diamine oxidase is a glycoprotein containing about 20% sugars by weight. PMID- 6808497 TI - [Case of lactic acid coma in a diabetic]. PMID- 6808495 TI - [Effect of the carbon source and aeration conditions on homoserine lysine biosynthesis in the threonine-dependent mutant Brevibacterium flavum 2T]. AB - The effect of two carbon sources (sucrose and acetate), aeration conditions and threonine concentration on the homoserine and lysine biosynthesis by the threonine-dependent mutant Brevibacterium flavum 2T was examined. It was demonstrated that acetate provided the predominant synthesis of homoserine to a far greater extent than sucrose (with the weight/weight ratio of homoserine : lysine being 2.5-5.0 and 0.8-1,2, respectively). The maximal level of homoserine and lysine was 18-21 and 3-7 g/l on the acetate containing medium and 18-22 and 12-16 g/l on the sucrose containing medium, respectively. On sucrose the total amount of amino acids and the total yield of products as related to the consumed substrate were greater than on acetate. Using the sucrose medium, the effect of aeration conditions and threonine concentration on the biosynthesis of both compounds was investigated. With an aeration increase from 1.3 to 4.6 g O2/l.hr the optimal concentration of threonine in the medium grow. The biosynthesis of homoserine was less sensitive to the inhibitory effect of excessive threonine than that of lysine. With an increase of the threonine concentration in the medium from 0.25 to 3.0 g/l the ratio homoserine : lysine grew from 1.03 to 5.20 (with the sulphite number being 4.6 g O2/l.hr). This effect was independent of the aeration conditions. PMID- 6808496 TI - [Processes of alkaline proteinase denaturation in Bacillus subtilis under various conditions]. PMID- 6808498 TI - [Characteristics of labelled gonadotropin incorporation in ovarian tissue when denervated and in autografting]. AB - The distribution of 125I-FSH and LH was studied in albino rats with the ovary, denervated under the action of 7% phenol and autotransplanted into the spleen of sterilized animals. A decrease in FSH inclusion was seen in both cases, being 0.74% (3.5% in the control) after denervation and 0.62% (1.38% in the control) after transplantation. In other tissues an elevated FSH inclusion into the adrenals was observed after the ovary denervation and lowered FSH and LH inclusions following autotransplantation. These peculiarities were dependent on the dissimilar estrogen level in the blood of experimental animals and respectively on different compensatory reaction of the adrenal structures. PMID- 6808500 TI - [Quantitative determination of transferrin and haptoglobin by an immunochemical method of radial diffusion in agar]. PMID- 6808499 TI - [Rhesus serological status of hemophilia patients]. PMID- 6808501 TI - [Effects of polyamine and prostaglandins on the organ-tissue metabolism of the gastrointestinal tract during parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6808502 TI - Nascent polypeptide chains emerge from the exit domain of the large ribosomal subunit: immune mapping of the nascent chain. AB - The site of the nascent polypeptide chain as it leaves the ribosome has been localized on the "exit domain" of the Escherichia coli ribosome by using IgG antibodies directed against the enzyme beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). Thus, a functional site has been mapped on intact 70S ribosomes. The exit site is on the large subunit, approximately 70 A from the interface between subunits and nearly 150 A from the central protuberance, the likely site of peptide transfer. It is adjacent to the region corresponding to the rough endoplasmic membrane binding region of the eukaryotic ribosome but distant from ribosomal components participating in mRNA recognition and polypeptide elongation (i.e., distant from the "translational domain"). These results, together with the protease protection experiments of others, provide evidence that the nascent protein chain probably passes through the ribosome in an unfolded, fully extended conformation. PMID- 6808503 TI - Nonadenylylated mRNA is present as polyadenylylated RNA in nuclei of Drosophila. AB - The sequence complexity of nuclear total RNA and nuclear poly(A)+RNA from Drosophila third-instar larvae was determined by hybridization of these RNAs to labeled single-copy DNA. At saturation, the nuclear poly(A)+ - and total RNA hybridized to 11% and 22.5% of the single-copy DNA, respectively. The increase in complexity of nuclear total RNA over that observed for nuclear poly(A)+RNA indicates the presence of a discrete class of nonoadenylylated nuclear RNA molecules. The relationship between DNA sequences coding for nuclear RNA and mRNA was then determined by hybridization of nuclear total and poly(A)+RNA to DNA enriched for mRNA coding sequences. The results of these studies show that those single-copy DNA sequences that are represented in either the poly(A)+ - or poly(A)- mRNA population are transcribed into RNA molecules that appear in the nuclear poly(A)+RNA population. PMID- 6808504 TI - Inverted terminal repeats are added to genes during macronuclear development in Oxytricha nova. AB - In the hypotrichous ciliate Oxytricha nova all of the macronuclear DNA is in the form of low molecular weight, gene-sized molecules with an average size of 2,200 base pairs. These molecules are produced during macronuclear development by excision from micronuclear chromosomes. All, or nearly all, of the small macronuclear DNA molecules possess an inverted terminal repeat sequence consisting of 5' C4A4 3' repeats. The hypothesis that this terminal sequence serves as a recognition signal for excision of gene-sized molecules from chromosomes has been tested. A sequence containing the C4A4 repeat has been isolated and used to screen clones of micronuclear DNA for the presence of the repeat sequence. The results show that the intact repeated C4A4 sequence is not present at the ends of macronuclear sequences as they exist in the micronuclear chromosomes. Therefore, the entire terminal repeat is not a recognition sequence for gene excision but must be added to the ends of gene-sized molecules during or after the excision process. PMID- 6808507 TI - Polymorphism in immunoglobulin heavy chains suggesting gene conversion. AB - Complete heavy (H) chain variable region (V region; amino acids 1-118) sequences have been determined for three phosphocholine (PCho)-binding monoclonal antibodies of CBA mouse strain origin. Two of these were found to differ from the sequence of the BALB/c T15 germline VH segment (segment of the V region that includes amino acids 1-95) at four positions but were identical to the allelic form of T15 (C3) found in C57BL. The third VH segment, HP101.6G6 (6G6), was clearly the product of a second, related VH gene, probably the allele of the BALB/c V11 gene, a second member of the P-Cho VH gene family. Thus, more than one VH gene is capable of encoding heavy chains of PCho-binding antibodies. The 6G6 VH segment differs from VII at seven positions; four of these distinguishing amino acids are encoded in other membranes of the PCho VH gene family. We postulate that the origin of the 6G6 VH sequence can most easily be explained by a process of gene conversion occurring between the least three members of the PCho VH family. PMID- 6808506 TI - Human neutrophil Fc gamma receptor distribution and structure. AB - Fc receptors (FcR) for IgG on human cells were analyzed with two monoclonal antibodies, 3G8 and 4F7. Fab fragments of both hybridoma IgGs inhibited binding to neutrophils of soluble rabbit IgG complexes and sheep erythrocytes (E) coated with rabbit IgG. The number of sites for 3G8 Fab was 135,000 per neutrophil, roughly equivalent to the number of sites for rabbit IgG in immune complexes (112,000 per cell). We did not observe human IgG1 binding sites on neutrophils, although binding of IgG1 to FcR-bearing lines U937 and HL-60 was readily demonstrated. Other cell types bearing 3G8 binding sites were mature chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, eosinophils, 6% of E-rosetting lymphocytes, and 15% of Ig-bearing peripheral lymphocytes. No binding of 3G8 Fab was observed on the FcR-bearing cell lines U937, HL-60 Raji, Daudi, and K562 or on blood monocytes. However, 15% of monocytes cultured for 7 days and 60% of lung macrophages expressed 3G8 antigen. When analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the neutrophil FcR immunoprecipitated with 3G8 or 4F7 Fab Sepharose displayed a broad band extending from Mr 73,000 to 51,000; in many experiments this band was resolved into two poorly separated components, centered at Mr 66,000 and 53,000. These results show that human neutrophil FcR for IgG is different from that on monocytes, with respect to both antigenic composition and binding of monomeric IgG1. PMID- 6808505 TI - gamma Heavy chain disease in man: cDNA sequence supports partial gene deletion model. AB - Human gamma heavy chain disease (HCD) is characterized by the presence in serum of a short monoclonal Ig gamma chain unattached to light chains. Although most HCD proteins have internal deletions, in some the defect is NH2-terminal. The OMM gamma 3 HCD serum protein is of the latter type, having undergone an extensive NH2-terminal deletion with a sequence starting within the hinge. A cell line synthesizing the OMM protein has enabled us to study the biogenesis of the abnormal molecule. In vitro translation of isolated mRNA yields a protein containing a hydrophobic NH2-terminal leader sequence. In the intact cell, the precursor molecule is processed normally to yield a protein with an NH2-terminal sequence homologous to the beginning of the variable (V) region. The nucleotide sequence of cDNA prepared from the OMM mRNA encodes a 19-amino acid leader followed by the first 15 residues of the V region. An extensive internal deletion encompasses the remainder of the V and the entire CH1 domain. Immediately following the short V region, there is information in the cDNA for the entire normal hinge. The primary synthetic product is thus an internally deleted molecule that undergoes postsynthetic degradation to yield the NH2-terminally deleted serum protein. The structure of the OMM mRNA suggests that the protein abnormality results from a partial gene deletion rather than defective splicing. PMID- 6808508 TI - Formation of covalent adducts between cortisol and 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone and protein: possible role in the pathogenesis of cortisol toxicity and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The incubation of albumin with cortisol or 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone results in the formation of covalent steroid-protein adducts. The rate of adduct formation increases in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3), indicating that the reaction proceeds nonenzymatically through a Schiff base intermediate. Under nonreducing conditions, a stable adduct forms with cortisol and 16 alpha hydroxyestrone but not with estrone, which lacks a hydroxyl group adjacent to the reactive carbonyl. It is hypothesized that a Heyns rearrangement involving the adjacent hydroxyl group traps the Schiff base and produces a stable ketoamine adduct. The binding of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone and cortisol to albumin is significantly inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid, which has been shown to acetylate an epsilon-amino group of a lysine residue in albumin. High-pressure liquid chromatography analysis of an acid hydrolysate of 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone albumin shows that a product containing 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone coelutes with a standard prepared by reacting 16 alpha-hydroxyestrone with the epsilon-amino group of lysine. We propose that the formation of covalent steroid-protein adducts is a generalized phenomenon which may contribute to the pathological effects produced by elevated levels of certain endogenous steroids. PMID- 6808509 TI - Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of the leader sequence of pre-kappa light chain, a hexadecapeptide. AB - The three-dimensional structure of the signal sequence for murine kappa light chain has been calculated by using conformational energy calculations. These calculations, based on tested and reliable potential energy functions, employ a novel global search technique to identify the lowest energy structures for the hexadecapeptide signal sequence, Glu-Thr-Asp-Thr-(Leu3-Trp-Val)2-Pro-Gly.l It has been found that the core hydrophobic sequence, Leu3-Trp-Val-Leu3, adopts an alpha helical conformation that is terminated by chain reversal conformations for the four residues, Trp-Val-Pro-Gly. The amino-terminal four residues adopt low energy conformations that are fully compatible with the succeeding alpha-helix. The immediately neighboring sequence., Asp-Thr, exists in a single lowest energy double-equatorial conformation, whereas the first two residues, Glu-Thr, can adopt a variety of low energy conformations. The calculations arrive at a highly structured and specific model for the conformation of a leader sequence, compatible with recent experimental data. PMID- 6808510 TI - Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of polynucleosomes causes relaxation of chromatin structure. AB - When rat pancreatic polynucleosomes were poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated with purified calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and examined by electron microscopy, a relaxation of their native zigzag structure was observed. At high ionic strengths control nucleosomes condensed into 250-A-thick fibers, but poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes did not; they showed a close resemblance to chromatin depleted of histone H1. The relaxed state of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes was also confirmed by sedimentation velocity analysis. Histone H1 was found to be the major histone acceptor of poly(ADP-ribose). Poly(ADP-ribose) linked to histone H1 did not seem to cause its dissociation from the chromatin, but it impaired significantly its effect on chromatin condensation. PMID- 6808512 TI - Evidence for a role of calmodulin in serum stimulation of Na+ influx in human fibroblasts. AB - Sodium influx in serum-deprived human diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated by addition of serum (5-fold) or the divalent cation ionophore A23187 (3-fold). The possible involvement of calmodulin in serum or A23187 stimulation of Na+ influx has been investigated by using six psychoactive agents that are known to bind calmodulin and inhibit calmodulin-sensitive enzymes. Each agent inhibited serum- and A23187-stimulated Na+ influx in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the K1 for inhibition of serum-stimulated Na+ influx correlates directly with the Ca2+ specific calmodulin binding previously determined in a cell-free system [Levin, R. M. & Weiss, B. (1979) J. Pharmacol. Exp, Ther. 208, 454--459]. None of the agents tested had any effect on the serum-insensitive component of net Na+ influx in these cells. These data support the concept that serum and A23187 stimulate Na+ influx in human diploid fibroblasts via an increase of intracellular Ca2+ and a subsequent calmodulin-mediated activation of the amiloride-sensitive transport pathway. PMID- 6808511 TI - Methylation of elongation factor 1 alpha from the fungus Mucor. AB - A basic protein from the dimorphic fungus Mucor racemosus, found to be highly methylated, is shown to be protein synthesis elongation factor 1 alpha. This protein is the most abundant protein in hyphal cells but is less abundant in yeast cells. It is post-translationally methylated with the formation of mono-, di-, and trimethyllysine at as many as 16 sites. Nearly 20% of the 44 lysine residues of elongation factor 1 alpha from mycelia are modified while those from sporangiospores are virtually unmethylated. PMID- 6808513 TI - Three Drosophila mutations that block associative learning also affect habituation and sensitization. AB - Drosophila melanogaster has been cultured with shock to avoid various odors. Mutants that failed to learn this task have been isolated. Here we report tests on these mutants for more elementary types of behavioral plasticity--habituation and sensitization of a reflex. Fruit flies have taste receptors on their feet. When a starved, water-satiated fly has sucrose applied to one foot, it usually responds by extending its proboscis. In normal flies this feeding reflex shows habituation: application of sugar to one foot depresses responsiveness through the contralateral leg for at least 10 min. The reflex also shows brief sensitization application of concentrated sucrose solution to the proboscis increases subsequent responsiveness to tarsal stimulation for 2-5 min. In three associative learning mutants , the proboscis-extension reflex is present with a normal threshold but behavioral modulation of the response is altered. The dunce, turnip, and rutabaga mutants all habituate less than normal flies. In addition, sensitization wanes unusually rapidly in dunce and rutabaga flies, lasting less than a minute in the case of dunce. PMID- 6808514 TI - Monoclonal antibody that specifically inhibits a human Mr 52,000 plasminogen activating enzyme. AB - Monoclonal antibodies against a human plasminogen activator of M(r) approximately 52,000 (HPA52) were derived by immunization of mice with an impure preparation of the enzyme (urokinase), subsequent hybridization of spleen cells with NSI-Ag4/1 myeloma cells, and cloning of the hybridomas. Selection of mice for hybridization and screening of hybridomas were based solely on direct inhibition of an enzymatic assay of the plasminogen activator with the impure enzyme preparation. A cloned hybridoma produced IgG1 antibodies that bound to and inhibited the enzymatic activity of HPA52 irrespective of whether the HPA52 was derived from urokinase or from human glioblastoma cells, whereas there was no inhibition of or binding to a plasminogen activator of M(r) approximately 70,000 from human melanoma cells or a plasminogen activator of M(r) approximately 36,000 that is a degradation product of HPA52 and present in urokinase. Nor did the anti-HPA52 IgG1 inhibit a murine plasminogen activator of M(r) approximately 48,000 derived from sarcoma virus-transformed cells. By using affinity chromatography with columns of anti-HPA52 IgG1 bound to Sepharose, HPA52 was purified from urokinase to homogeneity as evaluated by NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This study demonstrates that inhibitory monoclonal antibodies against enzymes can be derived with the sole use of impure enzyme preparations and shows how such antibodies subsequently can be used for enzyme purification. PMID- 6808515 TI - Cloning of human immunoglobulin epsilon chain genes: evidence for multiple C epsilon genes. AB - An active human epsilon chain gene was cloned from a phage library containing partial EcoRI digests of IgE-producing myeloma DNA, using the human JH (joining) gene fragment as a probe. The epsilon chain gene clone was identified by partial nucleotide sequence determination. The germ-line constant region gene of the epsilon chain (C epsilon gene) was cloned from a human fetal liver DNA library, using the cloned epsilon chain gene as a probe. Comparative studies on the human and mouse germ-line epsilon chain genes revealed that the switch (S) sequence is more conserved than the coding sequence. Restriction endonuclease BamHI digestion of human DNA produced three C epsilon fragments of 3.0, 6.5, and 9.2 kilobases, which were named C epsilon 1, C epsilon 2, and C epsilon 3 genes, respectively. We found the three C epsilon gene fragments in all of the human DNA preparations from eleven individuals. The C epsilon gene expressed in the myeloma was identified as the C epsilon 1 gene. Because the C epsilon 2 gene is deleted from the myeloma DNA, the order of the C epsilon genes is likely to be 5'-C epsilon 2 C epsilon 1-C epsilon 3-3', assuming that all the C epsilon genes are on chromosome 14. The germ-line C epsilon 3 gene was also cloned from the myeloma DNA. Characterization of the C epsilon 3 gene revealed that it does not have the S region, suggesting that it might be a pseudogene. PMID- 6808516 TI - Possible metabolic basis for the different immunodeficient states associated with genetic deficiencies of adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. AB - An inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (Ado deaminase; adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) causes severe combined immunodeficiency disease in humans. A similar deficiency in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (Puo phosphorylase; purine-nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.1) engenders a selective cellular immune deficit. To elucidate the possible metabolic basis for the contrasting immunologic phenotypes, we compared the toxicity toward mature resting human lymphocytes of the Ado deaminase substrates deoxyadenosine and adenosine and the Puo phosphorylase substrate deoxyguanosine. When Ado deaminase was inhibited, micromolar concentrations of deoxyadenosine progressively killed nondividing helper and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, but not B cells. The toxicity required phosphorylation, with subsequent dATP formation. The deoxyadenosine analogs 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine, 2-fluorodeoxyadenosine, and adenine arabinonucleoside also killed resting T cells. Cell death was unrelated to inhibition of adenosylhomocysteinase (EC 3.3.1.1) but was preceded by a gradual decline in ATP levels. As much as 1 mM deoxyguanosine did not impair resting lymphocyte viability, despite the synthesis of dGTP. The combination of 200 microM adenosine plus 500 microM homocysteine thiolactone killed dividing lymphocytes but had no discernible toxic effect toward resting T cells, which accumulated adenosylhomocysteine over a 4-hr period but thereafter excreted the nucleoside into the culture medium. The different clinical syndromes associated with genetic deficiencies of Ado deaminase and Puo phosphorylase may be explained by the ability of dATP to kill mature resting T lymphocytes by depleting ATP levels. PMID- 6808517 TI - Enkephalin convertase: purification and characterization of a specific enkephalin synthesizing carboxypeptidase localized to adrenal chromaffin granules. AB - A specific carboxypeptidase that converts enkephalin precursors into enkephalin in adrenal chromaffin granules has been purified and characterized. In the adrenal this enzyme, designated enkephalin convertase, is uniquely localized to the chromaffin granules, which contain enkephalin and precursor peptides. Enkephalin convertase is markedly stimulated by CoCl2 and inhibited by EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline, unlike the lysosomal carboxypeptidase. The purified enzyme has a high affinity for the hexapeptides [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin-Arg6 (51 and 83 microM, respectively) and a somewhat lower affinity for the hexapeptides [Met5]- and [Leu5]enkephalin-Lys6 (195 and 174 microM). Brain enkephalin convertase shows 10-fold regional variations, unlike other carboxypeptidases, which are uniformly distributed. Enkephalin convertase appears to be associated selectively and physiologically with biosynthesis of the enkephalins. PMID- 6808519 TI - Analysis of ciliary beating frequency under voltage clamp control of the membrane. PMID- 6808522 TI - Dermatoglyphics in seizure disorders. AB - A dermatoglyphic study of 197 adult Caucasian males with a confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy was carried out in an attempt to ascertain possible associations between aberrant dermatoglyphic and seizures and to estimate their diagnostic usefulness. Qualitative and quantitative fingertip and palmar dermatoglyphic traits were evaluated. The data were analyzed by etiology seizures. Previous studies and our own earlier data (Schaumann 1979) analyzed by univariate statistical methods indicated the presence of some dermatoglyphic deviations in patients with epilepsy, suggesting the existence of a genetic predisposition to seizures of various etiologies. In the present study, a multivariate analysis was employed on an enlarged patient sample. Three variables were found to be significant: an increased main line index on the right palm (p less than .01) and decreased a-b ridge counts on both left and right palms (p less than .001). Tests of the eigenvalues showed only one value to be significant and accounting for 71.8% of the intergroup variation. PMID- 6808520 TI - Mechanics of ciliary transport. PMID- 6808521 TI - Ciliary motility in airway anaphylaxis. PMID- 6808518 TI - The 48-base-long primordial building block of immunoglobulin light-chain variable regions is complementary to the primordial building block of heavy-chain variable regions. AB - The ancestral gene for immunoglobulin light-chain variable regions (Ig VLs) of the kappa as well as the lambda class apparently arose from about 12 tandem repeats of the 48-base-long primordial building block sequence TCT-TGC-GCA-GTA AGT-CCA-CTC-CAG-GTC-ATA-TCC-AGT-CAG-GCT-GCT-GAA. Even today, amino acid residues 67 to 82 of each Ig V kappa L are still specified by a direct descendant in toto of the above-noted primordial building block, whereas amino acid residues 14 to 25 are invariably specified by its truncated copy. The Ig VL primordial building block presently identified is 100% complementary to the Ig VH (heavy-chain variable region) primordial building block previously identified. In the recognition of specific antigenic determinants by antibodies, Ig VL and Ig VH of light-chain--heavy-chain dimers have to complement each other. It is perhaps fitting that the primordial building blocks of the two are represented by the complementary strands of the same 48-base-pair-long DNA sequence. PMID- 6808523 TI - Recent developments in HLA typing. PMID- 6808525 TI - The relationship between the concentration of female sex steroids and prostaglandins production by human gingiva in vitro. AB - The relationship between various concentrations of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone, alone and in combination, and the formation of radioactive prostaglandins (PGs) from 14C-arachidonic acid by gingival homogenate has been investigated. There was a statistically significant negative linear trend between each of the hormone treatments at concentrations of 10(-9), 10(-7), 10(-5) and 10(-3)M and the amounts of 6-keto-PGF1a, PGF2a, PGE2, PGD2 and 15-keto-PGE2 formed. Each of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone at 10(-9) and 10(-7)M exerted stimulatory effect, whereas at higher concentrations they had an inhibitory effect on all PGs tested. These observations suggest that the concentration of female sex hormones is an important factor in regulating PG biosynthesis by gingival tissue. PMID- 6808524 TI - Enhancement of complement-mediated prostaglandin synthesis and bone resorption by arachidonic acid and inhibition by cortisol. AB - Arachidonic acid enhances the resorption of fetal rat long bones cultured in the presence of complement and antibodies reactive with rat cell surface antigens as determined by the release of previously incorporated 45Ca by the bones. This effect is attributed to enhanced complement-mediated synthesis of PGE2 by the bones since the levels of PGE2 detectable by radioimmunoassay were greater in cultures containing arachidonic acid, complement and antibody than in those containing only complement and antibody. In addition indomethacin, RO 20-5720 and cortisol inhibited the arachidonic acid induced elevation of PGE2 and 45Ca levels in the supernatants of bones cultured in the presence of complement and antibody. The stimulatory activity of arachidonic acid was not observed if complement was destroyed by heating or if C6 deficient serum was utilized. However, arachidonic acid was effective in cultures containing C6 deficient serum supplemented with functionally purified C6, demonstrating a requirement for late complement components. The increased membrane phospholipid turnover known to be initiated by complement activation is apparently a prerequisite for stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and resultant bone resorption by arachidonic acid. PMID- 6808526 TI - Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibitors on pulmonary vascular responses to endotoxin in unanesthetized sheep. AB - Pulmonary release of thromboxanes and prostaglandins occurs during the first hour after endotoxin infusion in sheep concomitant with transient, severe pulmonary hypertension (phase I) and followed by a prolonged period of increased lung vascular permeability (phase II) characterized by moderately elevated pulmonary artery pressure and high flow of protein-rich lung lymph. Indomethacin and meclofenamate both inhibited phase I pulmonary hypertension but did not prevent later increases in pulmonary artery pressure and lung lymph flow to levels seen with endotoxin alone in the same sheep. Indomethacin significantly exaggerated phase II lung lymph flow (endotoxin = 19 +/- ml/hr; indomethacin + endotoxin = 24 +/- 4 ml/hr, p less than 0.05), and meclofenamate enhanced phase II lymph protein clearance (endotoxin = 12.9 +/- 1.5 ml/hr; meclofenamate + endotoxin = 17.1 +/- 2.5 ml/hr, p less than 0.05). Hypoxemia seen with endotoxin alone was inhibited by meclofenamate. These data indicate that during endotoxemia cyclooxygenase products mediate phase I pulmonary hypertension. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase prevent ventilation perfusion imbalance that results in endotoxin induced hypoxemia. Exaggeration of phase II lymph responses by cyclooxygenase inhibitors suggests that prostaglandin synthesis moderates phase II or that lipoxygenation products contribute to the phase II increased permeability response. PMID- 6808529 TI - Effect of chelating agents on the stability of injectable isoniazid solutions. AB - The chelating agents NTA, EDTA, HEDTA and DTPA afford a stabilizing action towards isoniazid solutions. The stabilizing effect of the chelating agents is highly dependent on their concentration. The stability of isoniazid solutions increases markedly with increasing NTA or EDTA concentration up to 1 mmol/l. Beyond this concentration, the stabilizing effect of NTA is more or less independent of its concentration and the dependency of the degradation rate of isoniazid on the concentration of EDTA becomes less pronounced. There is an optimum concentration for HEDTA and DTPA at which their stabilizing effect is maximum; below or above this concentration, the stability of isoniazid decreases. The stabilizing efficiency of the investigated chelating agents decreases in the order DTPA greater than HEDTA greater than EDTA greater than NTA, which runs parallel with the stability constants of their metal chelates. PMID- 6808528 TI - [Beta-D-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) and glucosylceramidases (EC 3.2.1.45) in man]. PMID- 6808527 TI - Influence of dietary linoleic acid on the prostacyclin-production of the isolated pulsatingly perfused rabbit aorta. AB - Dietary prevention of atherosclerosis and its risk factors by linoleic acid is an easy, safe and important way. In the rabbit, which develops an atherosclerosis similar to the human disease, we looked for effects of a linoleic acid-rich diet (25 en percent) on the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites in the vessel wall and in blood platelets because atherosclerosis is thought to be caused by a change in this balance. For measuring the PGI2-release of the vessel wall we used the model of the isolated pulsatingly perfused aorta, which is described in detail. Both dietary groups of healthy male Dutch rabbits did not show any difference in the formation of arachidonic acid metabolites or in their balance. With 25 en percent linoleic acid the phospholipids contained more linoleic acid and less oleic acid, while arachidonic acid tended to decrease. PMID- 6808530 TI - Acute ethanol effects on blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 in LS and SS mice. AB - The effects of ethanol on blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 were measured in LS and SS mice in an attempt to ascertain whether these lines of mice, which differ in CNS sensitivity to the behavioral effects of ethanol, also differ in sensitivity to physiological effects of this drug. Long-sleep (LS) female mice were injected intraperitoneally with 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, or 3.8 g/kg ethanol; short-sleep (SS) female mice were administered 2.5, 3.3, 4.1, or 4.7 g/kg. Blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 were assessed at 15, 30, 60, 120, or 180 min after injection of the 2.5 and 4.1 g/kg doses or at 60 min after injection of the 1.8, 2.5, 3.3, 3.8, 4.1, and 4.7 g/kg doses. Opposite effects on blood pH and PCO2 over time were obtained in LS and SS mice at the 2.5 g/kg dose. Acidosis characterized the LS line, whereas alkalosis characterized the SS. The results obtained with SS mice at 4.1 g/kg dose were similar to those obtained with LS mice at the 2.5 g/kg dose. The dose response curve for the SS mice generated at 60 min post-injection lies to the right of that for the LS mice. The effects of high ethanol doses on SS mice resemble the effects of low doses on LS animals. Thus, the two lines of mice differ in response to the effects of ethanol on these parameters related to respiration. The difference in sensitivity to the respiratory depressant effects of ethanol may contribute to the differences in behavioral sensitivity between the two lines. PMID- 6808531 TI - [Serological conflict]. PMID- 6808532 TI - [Pleural fluid gas analysis and pH (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808533 TI - [Primary lymphoma of the lung with monocional gammopathy IgM of kappa - type. Case study and review of the literature (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808534 TI - [Measurement of circadian rhythm of peak expiratory flow in asthmatic patients. Correlation between peak expiratory flow and partial pressure of O2 and CO2 in arterial blood of asthmatic patients (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808535 TI - [Test-provoked correlations between regional intracranial blood volume and intracranial pressure in infants during continuous simultaneous recording]. AB - In a clinical study carried out in five infants with severe affections, provocation tests of different qualities were employed during the simultaneous recording of the intracranial blood volume (rICBV) and the intracranial pressure (ICP). The systematic use of a hydrostatic pressure test permits, among other things, to provide the theoretical basis for a statement of the volume/pressure response of the cerebrospinal fluid. Simultaneous measurements of rICBV and ICP enable a differenciated appraisal of the individually different critical points above which one must speak of a pathological ICP increase, with special importance being attached to the reactive hyperaemia and its prevention. PMID- 6808536 TI - Gonadotropin secretion abnormalities in chronic schizophrenia. AB - LH, FSH, PRL and testosterone were estimated by radioimmunoassay in serial venous samples from 20 male chronic schizophrenic patients, 17 age-matched controls, 3 patients in remission from acute schizophrenia, and in single samples from age sex matched populations. LH and FSH, but not testosterone or PRL, were significantly reduced in patients with chronic schizophrenia. There was an associated reduction in the frequency, but not amplitude, of LH secretory episodes in patients with chronic schizophrenia. No abnormalities of LH secretion were detected in those patients in remission from acute schizophrenia. Fourteen of the chronic schizophrenic patients were retested at a later date with similar results, except in the case of the few patients who had been started on neuroleptic medication. Some relationships were established between hormonal secretion and the clinical features of these patients. The possible significance of these findings is discussed in the context of the complex control of gonadotropin secretion from the anterior pituitary and the natural history and nature of chronic schizophrenia. PMID- 6808537 TI - Delayed TSH release in anorexia nervosa following injection of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH). AB - We studied plasma concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), prolactin and growth hormone (GH) after injection of 500 microgram of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in 10 patients with acute anorexia nervosa, subsequent to initial nutritional stabilization and again after weight recovery. Plasma thyroxine levels were normal throughout, whereas plasma triiodothyronine levels were low initially but rose with weight gain. The TSH secretory response to TRH was delayed and prolonged during the initial study but showed a normal overall quantitative response, except for two patients who showed no TSH rise. Following weight gain the TSH response was more rapid, and positive correlations were found between body weight and peak TSH levels and rapidity of TSH response. Six of 10 patients, however, continued to exhibit a delayed TSH peak response, the average response was markedly increased in comparison with that in normal females. The prolactin response curves were normal at both times. Rises in GH following TRH were observed in two patients prior to and in one patient after weight gain. We conclude that acute anorexia nervosa, with its concomitant profound weight loss, is accompanied by abnormalities in the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis, which are reversed only in part with improvement in the illness and weight gain, suggesting the persistence of disordered neuroendocrine function in this illness. PMID- 6808538 TI - Anticonvulsant and proconvulsant properties of viloxazine hydrochloride: pharmacological and pharmacokinetic studies in rodents and the epileptic baboon. AB - Viloxazine HCl is evaluated as an anticonvulsant in a wide range of rodent seizure models and in the epileptic baboon (Papio papio). In the maximal electroshock test, the oral ED50 for abolition of tonic extension was 9 mg/kg-1 after 30-min pretreatment (mouse) rising to 30 mg/kg-1 after 60 min (mouse and rat). Comparable ED50 values were also found for protection against tonic extension in the mouse induced by the administration of the chemical convulsants metrazole or 3-mercaptopropionic acid. In DBA/2 mice the ED50 for abolition of tonic extension during sound-induced seizures was 6.8 mg/kg-1 IP (30-min pretreatment). Pharmacokinetic studies in the mouse showed peak plasma levels to occur 30 min following oral doses, with a mean half-life of 58 min. The anticonvulsant plasma concentration was within 0.5 -- 1 microgram/ml-1. In the baboon, significant protection against photomyoclonic responses is observed 1 -- 2h after viloxazine (2.6 mg/kg-1 IV), during which period the plasma concentration was again 0.5-1 microgram/ml-1. After administration of approximately ten-times this latter dose level, i.e. 24 mg/kg-1 IV, a syndrome characterised by an abnormal EEG and, in some instances, seizure activity was observed. PMID- 6808540 TI - Chronic molindone treatment: relative inability to elicit dopamine receptor supersensitivity in rats. AB - Chronic treatment of rats with the antipsychotic drug molindone (2.5 mg/kg) did not elicit behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine (AP) (0.25 mg/kg) or increased striatal 3H-spiroperidol binding, whereas treatment with haloperidol (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) produced manifestations of dopaminergic supersensitivity in both paradigms. Chronic treatment with a high dose of molindone (20 mg/kg) elicited a small, but significant increase in behavioral sensitivity to AP (57%) which was, however, significantly less than that produced by 1 mg/kg haloperidol (126%, P less than 0.01). Apparent tolerance to elevation of striatal and frontal cortical 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels was obtained with chronic molindone treatment (5 or 20 mg/kg). None of the molindone doses used (2.5-50 mg/kg) increased striatal dopamine receptor binding. Scatchard analyses revealed no change in either maximal binding capacity (Bmax) or dissociation constant (Kd). A significant (P less than 0.001) correlation of receptor binding activity and stereotypy score was obtained for haloperidol-, but not molindone-treated rats. These results with molindone in an animal model of tardive dyskinesia suggest that this drug may have a lower potential for eliciting this disorder in humans. PMID- 6808539 TI - The effects of chlorpromazine and lithium on appetitive discrimination learning in the rat. AB - Rats learned one of two appetitive discrimination tasks varying in terms of cognitive difficulty. Contrary to previous reports showing an impairment in the acquisition of avoidance tasks under the effects of either chlorpromazine (CPZ) or lithium, the results of this experiment indicate that neither drug retards the acquisition of appetitive tasks. Instead, at the highest doses used (2 and 3 mg/kg), CPZ decreased the number of trials required for the difficult task. Rats administered CPZ had longer reaction times than rats administered placebo, and therefore might have achieved criterion earlier because they spent more time in front of and on the discriminanda. The contrary results reported with avoidance tests concerning the effects of CPZ are explained in terms of the anxiety reducing properties of CPZ, which might reduce drive without impairing cognitive ability. PMID- 6808542 TI - Cigarette smoking and state-dependent memory. AB - Two experiments were carried out to investigate whether cigarette smoking could produce state-dependent learning (SDL) in humans. The first experiment was concerned with the methodological issue of choosing an appropriate control cigarette for use in an SDL design. A low nicotine content (0.2 mg) cigarette was chosen as it did not appear to affect the physiological arousal of the subjects. In Experiment 2, it was shown that cigarette smoking can produce state-dependent memory effects. The most likely basis for the results is the arousal produced by the nicotine content of the cigarette. PMID- 6808541 TI - Evidence for central histaminergic mechanism in foot shock aggression. AB - The role of central histaminergic system in foot shock induced aggression was studied in mice. Histamine administered by intracerebral (IC) injection (25-200 micrograms) produced a significant increase in fighting episodes in a dose dependent manner. It was observed that mepyramine (H1 blocker) given intraperitoneally (IP) significantly increased and metiamide (H2 blocker) given IC decreased significantly the fighting response. To determine the nature of receptors involved in histamine induced facilitation of aggressive behaviour, histamine was administered IC in mice pretreated with mepyramine or metiamide. Mepyramine pretreatment further increased the facilitatory effect of histamine while metiamide blocked the enhancement of aggressiveness by histamine. Combined pretreatment with metiamide and mepyramine decreased significantly the fighting counts which remained unaffected after histamine. Haloperidol did not block the enhancement of aggression by histamine or mepyramine. However, atropine pretreatment partially inhibited the histamine induced increase in the fighting counts. Results of pretreatment with metiamide and atropine were similar to those obtained with pretreatment of metiamide and mepyramine. Metiamide alone or in combination with atropine failed to affect the facilitatory effect of amphetamine on the foot-shock aggression. It is concluded that central histamine H2 receptors have a facilitatory role and H1 receptors an inhibitory role on aggressive behaviour in mice induced by foot-shock. Since histamine per se had a facilitatory effect on foot-shock induced aggression, the central H2 receptors seem to dominate over the H1 receptors. PMID- 6808543 TI - Do urinary MHPG and plasma drug levels correlate with response to amitriptyline therapy? AB - Twenty-nine inpatients with primary affective disorder were treated with 150 mg amitriptyline (AT) daily for 28 days. Pretreatment urinary excretion of 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was measured in two or three 24-h urine samples. Plasma levels of AT and nortriptyline (NT) were determined after 14, 21, and 28 days of treatment. MHPG excretion was significantly correlated with clinical response to treatment. Responders defined by two different methods showed higher pretreatment MHPG excretion than nonresponders. Correspondingly, high MHPG excretors (median split) showed significantly more improvement than low excretors. These relationships were even more apparent when possibly incomplete urine samples (creatinine excretion below 1000 mg/24h) were excluded. The high and low MHPG subgroups did not significantly differ from each other in their plasma levels of AT, NT, or AT plus NT. A significant rank correlation between clinical response and plasma levels of AT and/or NT did not exist, but there was a trend towards lower levels in responders. PMID- 6808545 TI - Changes in schedule-controlled response and schedule-induced drinking after cholinergic blockers in rats. AB - The effects of the tertiary cholinergic blockers atropine sulfate (AT) and scopolamine hydrobromide (SCOP), and the quaternary cholinergic blockers atropine methylnitrate (AT-Mt) and scopolamine butylbromide (SCOP-Bt), on operant response (lever-pressing) and adjunctive drinking in the rat developed under a fixed interval (FI) 1.5 min food reinforcement situation were investigated. The tertiary compounds, particularly SCOP, increased total responses, and produced a dose-related decrease in the index of curvature (IC) for local rates of response during the FI. The quaternary compounds, however, did not produce changes in the total responses and the IC for local rates of response. AT, AT-Mt and SCOP suppressed adjunctive drinking, while SCOP-Bt did not. AT and SCOP, but not AT-Mt and SCOP-Bt, decreased the IC for local rates of drinking. AT-Mt suppressed drinking at a uniform rate throughout the FI. In addition, several doses of AT and SCOP tended to increase licking counts at the drinking spout per 1 ml water intake. The present results suggest that central cholinergic blockade increases the response and suppress adjunctive drinking, and that the peripheral cholinergic blockade suppresses only adjunctive drinking. Moreover, central cholinergic blockade may produce changes in the patterns of response and drinking during the FI, and in the manner of drinking at the drinking spout. PMID- 6808544 TI - Antidepressive effect and pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline with consideration of unbound drug and 10-hydroxynortriptyline plasma levels. AB - In 27 inpatients with primary affective disorder the urinary excretion of 3 methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG) was measured prior to a 4-week treatment with 150 mg amitriptyline (AT)/day. Ratings according to the Hamilton depression scale were performed before therapy and repeated after 2 and 4 weeks. Plasma levels of AT, nortriptyline (NT), and E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (OHNT) were assayed weekly, and binding of AT to plasma proteins was determined in one sample. Better therapeutic results were obtained at intermediate, as compared to low and high concentrations of AT or AT plus NT. Independent evaluation of AT and metabolite levels revealed that patients with AT of 50--125 ng/ml responded particularly well when NT did not exceed 95 ng/ml or when NT plus OHNT was below 150 ng/ml. Outside this "therapeutic window' the outcome was markedly poorer. Interindividual variation of AT binding was much smaller than variation of total concentrations. Evaluation of free, instead of total levels did not help to clarify the relationship between clinical and pharmacokinetic variables. Plasma levels within the optimal ranges were found in more patients with high than with low MHPG excretion. The free fraction of OHNT in plasma of healthy subjects was about 35%. PMID- 6808547 TI - Lithium stops hereditary shuddering in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Shudderer is an X-linked dominant mutation of Drosophila melanogaster. The mutant is characterized by sporadically occurring leg jerks which cause the fly to lurch and shudder. This behavior was suppressed by adding lithium chloride, lithium acetate, or ammonium chloride to the fly's diet. These same salts also restored the fly's reactive climbing abilities toward normal levels. PMID- 6808548 TI - Intra-patient variability in the measurement of tardive dyskinesia. AB - Intra-patient variability in the movements of tardive dyskinesia was examined through the analyses of 8-min frequency counts collected over a period of 11 weeks for six chronic schizophrenic patients. Weekly observation segments of 8 min, 4 min, 2 min, 1 min and 30 s showed considerable variation both across weeks and within sessions. Variations were of sufficient magnitude to contribute to the possibility of false negative tardive dyskinesia assessments and false positive treatment outcome designations. Measurement procedures taking this variability into account are urged for the study of tardive dyskinesia. Additionally, independently obtained rating scale scores showed no association to the collected frequency count data, suggesting fundamental differences between these two assessment procedures. PMID- 6808549 TI - Increased food intake following the manipulation of intracerebral dopamine levels with gamma-hydroxybutyrate. AB - The administration of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) initially causes a temporary "sleep-like" state during which there is an increase in forebrain dopamine levels. The present series of experiments examined whether in the period following the GHB-induced behavioural depression, when accumulated dopamine is dispersed, there is any behavioural evidence of increased dopaminergic activity. The first experiment, in which GHB was injected directly into the cerebral ventricles, demonstrated that in the immediate post-recovery period rats exhibited various forms of stereotyped oral behaviour and stereotyped sniffing. Unexpectedly, it was also observed that if food were present animals preferred to eat. The nature of this feeding response was examined in two further experiments. Firstly, it was shown that in the period following the behavioural depression animals would perform, in a dose-dependent fashion, an operant response which was rewarded by food. Secondly, the GHB-induced increase in feeding was abolished by the pre-treatment of animals with either the dopamine synthesis inhibitor alpha methyl-p-tyrosine, or the dopamine receptor blocker haloperidol. These data indicate that (i) in the period when it is known that the GHB-induced accumulation of dopamine is dispersing, there is behavioural evidence of increased dopaminergic activity; (ii) the feeding response is not a simple oral reflex; and (iii) in addition to being essential for food intake dopaminergic transmission may play a direct role in the production of feeding. PMID- 6808546 TI - Methysergide blocks the sleep suppressant action of quipazine in rats. AB - The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of methysergide, a 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonist, on the sleep suppression produced by the 5-HT receptor agonist, quipazine. Treatment with methysergide maleate (5 mg/kg, IP) 15 min before the administration of quipazine blocked quipazine induced suppression of flow-wave sleep (SWS), but failed to prevent the decrease in rapid-eye-movement sleep (REMS) produced by quipazine. Treatment with methysergide also prevented the head-shaking behavior induced by quipazine, a phenomenon associated with increased activity of the central serotonergic system. Furthermore, it was shown that administration of methysergide alone (1 or 5 mg/kg, IP) had little effect on sleep or head-shaking behavior. The present data provide pharmacological evidence that the suppression of SWS but not REMS by quipazine may be a result of stimulation of 5-HT receptors. PMID- 6808553 TI - Anxiety, diazepam and retrieval from semantic memory. AB - Diazepam, an anxiolytic, was administered to 16 undergraduate volunteers in a double-blind design. Eight subjects were selected to be high in State and Trait anxiety and were slow in recall on a semantic memory task compared to non-anxious subjects. Instead of alleviating this detrimental effect of anxiety on memory, diazepam slowed recall in both the anxious and non-anxious. PMID- 6808550 TI - Remote memory during marijuana intoxication. AB - The effects of acute marijuana intoxication on remote memory and new learning were assessed. To test for the effects of marijuana on remote memory, titles of one-season television shows, aired up to 14 years previously, were used in three tests measuring recognition, temporal judgement and detailed recall of facts from the shows. Marijuana did not affect remote memory in comparison to placebo. The effects of marijuana on the learning of a word list were also tested. Marijuana significantly impaired new learning at the same time that remote memory was unaffected. PMID- 6808552 TI - Drug effects on discrimination performance at two levels of stimulus control. AB - The effects of several doses of d-amphetamine, chlordiazepoxide (CDP), chlorpromazine (CPZ), LSD, pentobarbital, and scopolamine were examined in rats trained to respond to the brighter of two keys. On each of the 100 trials during a daily session, the rat pressed the key that was brighter (correct key) and received a food pellet, or pressed the incorrect key and terminated the trial without food, or pressed neither key for 10s, allowing the trial to terminate. Within a session, trials were mixed randomly such that on 50 trials the incorrect key was not lit (easy trials) and on 50 trials the incorrect key was dimly lit (difficult trials). Amphetamine (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) reduced percent correct responses, with a greater effect on difficult than on easy trials. CDP (4.0-16.0 mg/kg) and pentobarbital (2.0-16.0 mg/kg) reduced percent correct responses on the difficult trials at the highest doses tested. Scopolamine (0.12-1.0 mg/kg) reduced both percent correct (more so on the difficult trials) and percent of trials on which a response was made, in a dose-related fashion. CPZ (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) reduced trial responding at 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg and reduced percent correct on the difficult trials at 4.0 mg/kg. LSD (0.08-0.32 mg/kg) did not significantly alter behavior in this study. PMID- 6808551 TI - Interactions of metergoline with diazepam, quipazine, and hallucinogenic drugs on a conflict behavior in the rat. PMID- 6808554 TI - Nigral actions of GABA agonists are enhanced by chronic fluphenazine and differentiated by concomitant flurazepam. AB - Unilateral intranigral administration of baclofen (50-200 ng), muscimol (2.5--20 ng), or THIP (50--400 ng) in the rat led to contralateral circling behavior of a qualitatively similar nature. The potency of all three GABA-mimetics was enhanced in animals which had received the depot neuroleptic fluphenazine decanoate (10 mg/kg SC) 7 days prior to their intranigral administration. Significant differences between the nigral actions of the drugs could be demonstrated by their altered activity in the presence of a benzodiazepine. Flurazepam (500 ng) enhanced the intranigral potency of THIP, but reduced that of intranigral baclofen. Muscimol-induced circling behavior was unaffected by concomitant flurazepam. The data provide evidence for a functional supersensitivity of GABA sensitive nondopaminergic projections from the substantia nigra in response to chronic neuroleptic treatment and reveal differences between the precise sites or modes of action of baclofen, muscimol, and THIP within this structure. PMID- 6808555 TI - Growth hormone release after acute amitriptyline administration to normal human subjects. AB - Single doses of the antidepressant amitriptyline were given to 12 normal males. After parenteral or oral dose of the drug, the concentration of growth hormone in plasma rose in one third of the subjects. Amitriptyline could have multiple and potentially opposite pharmacological actions on growth hormone. Antidepressants appear to be poor pharmacological tools for assessing the regulation of growth hormone release. PMID- 6808556 TI - Barium feeder for babies - another approach. PMID- 6808557 TI - Chronic radiation myelitis. AB - From March 1971 to September 1973, 200 patients with primary bronchogenic carcinoma received 4,000 rad (40 Gy) by means of split-course accelerated fractionation. Forty-five patients (22.5%) survived more than 11 months; and of these, 6 (13.3%) were found to have progressive myelitis. Recent reports indicate that rapid fractionation is preferred in some centers and may be undergoing a resurgence. The authors review their experience with this technique and the current understanding of the factors which affect the development of radiation myelitis. PMID- 6808558 TI - Immunohistochemical studies of the immunoglobulin-producing cell systems of the human intestinal mucosa. AB - Since the reliability of immunohistochemical observations is highly dependent on the quality of the immunological reagents, the importance of purification, characterization and performances testing of the fluorochrome conjugates is discussed. The methods of tissue processing, immunohistochemical staining and differential enumeration of fluorescing cells used in our laboratory are described. The normal intestinal mucosa shows a striking preponderance (80-90%) of IgA immunocytes, and these cells produce J chains which are incorporated into dimeric IgA. The dimers are taken up by the columnar epithelial cells which produce "secretory component" (SC). Complexing of dimeric IgA with SC seems to explain the selective transport of IgA through the crypt epithelium. A similar transport mechanism operates for J-chain-containing pentameric IgM. Marked alterations of the intestinal immunocyte populations are seen associated with various bowel diseases. In coeliac disease and dermatitis herpetiformis, a numerical increase takes place for all Ig-producing cell classes--in relative terms most prominent for IgG and IgM cells. In ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, the IgG-cell response is very striking, In alpha-chain disease, the lamina propria is infiltrated with IgA cells that lack light-chain-producing capacity but show some ability to synthesize J chains; dimers of alpha chain are hence transported to the intestinal lumen but cannot function as antibodies. In patients with a complete and selective lack of IgA in serum, IgA-producing cells are absent from the intestinal mucosa, and there is a numerical increase of local IgG- and specially IgM-producing cells. Conversely, patients with a partial deficiency of serum IgA may show a fairly normal intestinal IgA-cell population, although the proportion of IgM-producing cells is often increased. The intestinal mucosa of patients with a generalized hypogrammaglobulinaemia is sometimes devoid of plasma cells, but rare Ig-producing immunocytes, especially of the IgM class, are often seen. Supported in part by the Norwegian Research Council for Science and the Humanities, Anders Jahres Fond, and Helga Sembs fond. We thank Ms. Evy Eriksen and Ms. Gummvor Oijordbakken for technical assistance, and Ms. Liv Stoottum for typing the manuscript. PMID- 6808559 TI - [Cell deposition for automatic prescreening of gynecologic preparations]. PMID- 6808560 TI - [Laser scanning technology in image analysis of cells]. PMID- 6808561 TI - [Histochemical characterization of Kupffer cells]. PMID- 6808562 TI - [Differentiation of lymphocyte subpopulation in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma based on a quantitative analysis of morphologic characteristics of cell nuclei]. PMID- 6808563 TI - [Autoradiographic comparison of glycoconjugate and protein synthesis rates in hypothalamic glial cells]. PMID- 6808566 TI - Cytochemistry as a diagnostic aid in hematology. PMID- 6808565 TI - [Detection of prostate specific acid phosphatase in paraffin sections]. PMID- 6808564 TI - Histochemical investigations of different types of collagen. AB - During histochemical studies of connective tissue in the early 1960's, striking differences were observed between basement membranes and collagen fibers. A third histochemically distinct collagen was identified in premature infants. At that time, these findings could not be correlated with chemical data. However, during the last decade chemists described several types of collagen. Correlation of chemical, histochemical and immunofluorescence data indicated that the tendon type collagen seen in coarse collagen fibers, e.g. in skin and adventitia of adults, contains type I collagen. The distribution of embryonic-type or pseudo elastic collagen was similar to that of type III collagen; the major exception was reticulum fibers. Since antibodies and dyes are bound at different sites, it seems possible that fibers with the immunofluorescence characteristics of type III collagen may differ in their binding sites for other reagents. The trypsin lresistant protein of basement membranes corresponded to type IV collagens. The collagen formed in glomerulosclerosis was histochemically indistinguishable from tendon-type, i.e. type I, collagen. A review or early literature since 1850 showed that histologists repeatedly described distinct chemical and histochemical differences between various collagens. These long ignored findings can easily be fitted into the framework of current collagen chemistry. PMID- 6808567 TI - [Reticulosis of the skin - a heterogenic group of diseases]. AB - In terms "reticulosis of the skin" has been used preferentially in the German dermatological literature to designate an autonomous, irreversible, atypical, systemic proliferation of elements of the reticulohistiocytic system in the skin, different from mycosis fungoides, reactive hyperplasias (pseudolymphoma), true neoplasias (reticulo sarcoma) and storage dermatosis (histiocytosis X). They provide about 1/4 of the lymphoreticular proliferations of the skin, a frequency which is comparable with that of cutaneous T-cell-lymphomas (mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome). Enzymecytochemical demonstration of hydrolytic enzymes, immunological (surface-markers for B- and T-lymphocytes, quantitative determination of tissue immunoglobulins) and electron-microscopic studies in 266 patients with lymphoreticular proliferations in the skin (65 of these were "reticuloses") have lead to the following results: 1. Most of the "reticulosis of the skin" belong to the B-cell lymphomas of low grade malignancy. 2. In the skin they show a typical histomorphological feature (B-cell-pattern of infiltrate). 3. Following the Kiel Classification further differentiation into centrocytic (36%), "immunocytic" (32%), centroblastic/centrocytic (18%) and lymphocytic (14%) lymphoma can be made. 4. "Skin-reticuloses" may represent early changes of malignant lymphoma and may precede late manifestation of systemic involvement for many years. PMID- 6808568 TI - [Pathohistochemistry and pathohistology of gastrointestinal biopsy methods and principles - diagnostic significance]. PMID- 6808569 TI - Control mechanisms of crypt cell production in the small intestinal epithelium. AB - The small intestinal epithelium constitutes the cell renewing system with the largest turnover activity in the body. It is influenced by numerous factors, and has a great potential for adaptation. The control mechanisms responsible for the balance between cell production and cell loss in this system are still largely unknown. In this paper we present the hypothesis for two control mechanisms of crypt cell production. The first mechanism, the feedback control mechanism of crypt cell production by the functional villus cell population, regulates the relative size of the proliferative cell compartment in the crypt (i.e. the growth fraction), and it is a strictly local control mechanism. The second mechanism, the adaptive control mechanism of crypt cell reduction, regulates the total size of the crypt without changing the relative size of the proliferative cell compartment in the crypt. This control mechanism may act in a local as well as in a systemic way. Some of the problems encountered in studies on the control of crypt cell production in the small intestinal epithelium, are briefly discussed. PMID- 6808571 TI - [Microdensitometric characterization of brush border disaccharidases in situ. Method and results using as example 4-alpha and beta-glucosidase detection]. PMID- 6808570 TI - [Regeneration of small intestine mucosa following temporary ischemia - histochemical and autoradiographic studies]. PMID- 6808572 TI - [Quantitative microscopy. Proceedings of the East German Society for Topochemistry and Electron Microscopy, presented at the 11th session, Leipzig, 23 25 October 1979]. PMID- 6808573 TI - [Cytophotometry of enzyme reactions]. PMID- 6808575 TI - [Fluorescence cytophotometry]. PMID- 6808574 TI - [Cytophotometry - absorption methods]. PMID- 6808576 TI - [Flow cytometry]. PMID- 6808578 TI - [Histophysics]. PMID- 6808577 TI - [Quantitative autoradiography]. PMID- 6808579 TI - [Morphometry - basis and methods]. PMID- 6808580 TI - [Applied morphometry]. PMID- 6808581 TI - [Cytophotometry, combined with other methods of interference microscopy]. PMID- 6808583 TI - [The importance of the superoxide dismutases in histochemistry of dehydrogenases (author's transl)]. AB - During the incubation of cryostat sections (various organs of rat) with aqueous media xanthine dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase activities become soluble and detectable in the solution by biochemical methods. Using the tetrazolium technique the demonstration of xanthine dehydrogenase is successful only after separation from the superoxide dismutase by gel electrophoresis. The soluble flavine enzymee xanthine dehydrogenase is taken as an example to discuss the significance of superoxide dismutases in incubation media for the histochemical demonstration of dehydrogenating enzymes by tetrazolium methods. PMID- 6808582 TI - [Carbon-replica-cytochemistry--a method for localization of cell surface components (author's transl)]. AB - A method was used which combines immunocytochemical techniques with surface replication by carbon films in order to localize fibronectin and N-acetyl-beta hexosaminidase on cell surfaces of human fibroblasts in vitro. Similar results were received combining the replica techniques with conventional enzyme cytochemistry. PMID- 6808585 TI - Histochemical evaluation of delta 5,3 beta-OHSD activity in two types of porcine corpora lutea and granulosa cells in tissue culture. AB - Activity of delta 5,3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5,3-OHSD) in cultured porcine corpus luteum cells of early and middle luteal phase and granulosa cells was histochemical investigated. Control cultures as well as cultured with addition of luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), and estradiol 17 beta were carried on. The stimulatory influence of LH and HCG on 3 cell types has been stated. Prolactin and estradiol stimulated only the cells of corpus luteum from early luteal phase. PMID- 6808584 TI - Electron microscopic cytochemistry of adenylate cyclase in the ovarian compartments of ground squirrel during the annual cycle. AB - The ultrastructural localization and the activity changes of adenylate cyclase (AC) were studied in the ovarian compartments of sexually mature ground squirrels (Citellus citellus L.), during the both stages of hibernation (October to December and January to February), after awakening (March) and after gonadotropin (PMSG and HCG) intraperitoneal application during the both above mentioned stages. AC activity was found to be localized on the plasma membranes of theca interna, interstitial, and granulosa cells in ground squirrel ovary. The cytochemical observations presented demonstrate significant AC activity changes in ground squirrel ovary during hibernation, after awakening gonadotrophin treatment and lend support to the concept of AC-cAMP system participation in the gonadotrophin hormone action on the ovary. PMID- 6808586 TI - Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in the large intestinal principal cells of postnatal rats. AB - A study was made of ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in the large intestinal mucosa of postnatal and adult rats. In rats 1 to 5 days old, phosphatase activity was observed on the microvillous membrane, the lateral cell membrane, the Golgi apparatus, the GERL of Novikoff (1963), the tubulo-vacuolar system, and on the supranuclear vacuole of the principal cells of the cecum and the ascending colon. In 30-day-old adult rats acid phosphatase activity, was noted on the GERL and the lysosomes of the principal cells in the cecum and the ascending colon. In all rats, young and adult, acid phosphatase activity was found only on the lysosomes and the GERL of the principal cells of the descending colon. Therefore, it was concluded that the acid phosphatase-containing tubulo vacuolar system and the supranuclear vacuole in the surface principal cells of the proximal part of the large intestine of suckling rats may possess a strong phagolysosomal function as well as having an absorption capacity the same as ileal cells of suckling rats (Ono and Satoh 1981). PMID- 6808587 TI - [Immunofluorescence histochemical detection of carbonic anhydrase in bovine stomach mucosa and kidney (author's transl)]. AB - An antiserum against carbonic anhydrase from bovine erythrocytes was produced and tested on paraffin sections of bovine rennet-bag and kidney with an indirect immunofluorescence technique. A specific immunofluorescence was found in the parietal cells, mucoid surface, and foveolar cells of rennet-bag mucosa. In the kidney, there was a positive reaction mainly in the distal nephron segments as the loops of Henle and the distal tubules and also in the collecting tubes. The glomeruli and proximal tubules reacted negatively. The specificity of the found distribution of immunofluorescence was confirmed by some control reactions and was also demonstrated by partial congruence with results obtained by the cobalt method. The demonstrated enzyme activities are compared with results from the literature. PMID- 6808588 TI - Circadian rhythm of dry mass and weight-class-pattern of the rat hepatocytes- effects of light-dark and feeding regimens. AB - 1. Dry weight has been determined of individual hepatocytes isolated from rats kept at natural or at reversed daily light-dark cycle, and from rats under time restricted feeding. Behaviours of liver weight, mitotic activity and binuclearity frequency of the hepatocytes and serum corticosterone have been also investigated. 2. At natural light-dark cycle, liver weight, hepatocyte mitotic activity, and serum corticosterone were higher during the day than during the night. In accordance, dry weight and class number of the hepatocytes were both higher by day than by night. 3. By reversal of the light-dark cycle, circadian rhythms of liver weight, hepatocyte mitotic activity and serum corticosterone underwent a reversal. In accordance, circadian rhythm also reversed of both dry mass of the hepatocytes, which became heavier by night than by day, and pattern of the hepatocyte weight-classes, which became sharper, more discrete and more numerous by night, less defined and lower in number by day. 4. Feeding restriction to early morning or to late afternoon did not affect substantially the circadian rhythms of the parameters examined. 5. Binuclear cell frequency did never differ significantly at midnight with respect to midday, irrespectively to the experimental condition. 6. Regulation of the circadian rhythm of both weight class pattern and dry mass of the hepatocytes appears to be mainly acted by the light-dark regimen likely via modulation of the plasma glucocorticoids (corticosterone) concentration, and increase/decrease of which causes a decrease/increase of the total solid content of hepatocytes, with redistribution of cells in the weight-classes. 7. Feeding rhythm and time elapsed from food intake mainly influence definition of the individual weight-classes and weight range of the hepatocytes. PMID- 6808589 TI - Histochemical studies on genetical control of hormonal enzyme inducibility in the mouse. V. Histochemical evidence for androgen inducibility of beta-glucuronidase in the epididymis. AB - The enzyme beta-glucuronidase (beta G) is shown, by histochemical methods, to be androgen inducible in the mouse epididymis. This trait has previously been believed to exist only in the kidney. Its presence in the genital tract constitutes a valuable tool in study of the developmental genetics of the reproductive system. Data presented here and previously imply co-ordinated genetic control of heterogeneous lysosomal populations. The results reported also provide a system for study of X-chromosomal activation, and of the developmental androgen dependence of the epididymis. PMID- 6808590 TI - Prostacyclin and prostaglandin synthesis in isolated brain capillaries. AB - The synthesis of prostacyclin and prostaglandins was examined in isolated blood free brain capillaries of guinea-pigs and rats using 1-14C-arachidonic acid as a precursor. The main prostaglandins synthesized by guinea-pig microvessels were prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin E2. Substantially less prostaglandin F2 alpha or the prostacyclin stable metabolite, 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha was synthesized. Rat capillary prostaglandin distribution differed substantially from that of the guinea-pigs although the principle prostaglandin was also PGD2. Total prostaglandin conversion was greater in guinea-pig capillaries than in the rat. Norepinephrine stimulated the prostaglandin forming capacity of blood free cerebral microvasculature of guinea-pigs. Prostacyclin and prostaglandins could be involved in the activity dependent regulation of regional cerebral blood flow and permeability. PMID- 6808591 TI - Alteration in immune complex glomerulonephritis by arachidonic acid. AB - We employed a model of immune complex glomerulonephritis produced in mice by the daily injection of apoferritin to study the effect of treatment with arachidonic acid (AA). Apoferritin injections produced demonstrable glomerular damage by light microscopy associated with deposition of immunoglobulin along peripheral capillary loops. Treatment with AA 100 micrograms daily resulted in significantly less glomerular damage and a shift inthe location of immune complex deposition to the mesangium. The amount of anti-apoferritin antibody was determined by hemagglutination and found to be significantly decreased in mice treated with AA. Separate studies employing this dose of AA revealed that the number of IgM antibody producing cells to SRBC was not altered by AA. PMID- 6808592 TI - Evidence that prednisolone is inhibitory to the cyclooxygenase activity of human rectal mucosa. AB - The effect of prednisolone on prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by rectal biopsies in organ culture was investigated using laminary flow bioassay and radioimmunoassay (RIA) or PGE2. Prednisolone was consistently found to inhibit basal synthesis in cultures whose duration ranged from 2-40 hours. This appeared to be both time and dose dependent. The ability of biopsies homogenised at the end of culture to transform exogenous arachidonic acid into PGE2 under defined conditions was also investigated and operationally designated cyclooxygenase activity. Prior treatment with prednisolone resulted in a reduction in cyclooxygenase activity. This inhibition occurred with a longer latency and to a lesser extent than inhibition of overall basal synthesis. These results suggest that corticosteroids, in addition to their know (indirect) inhibitory action on phospholipase activity, also affect cycloooxygenase activity. The most likely mechanism are either a repression of synthesis of fresh cyclooxygenase enzyme of induction of an endogenous inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity. PMID- 6808596 TI - [Physiological and pathological factors of tooth mobility]. PMID- 6808598 TI - [Endemic salmonellosis in Brest, Finistere]. PMID- 6808593 TI - [Why are not infections more frequent during lymphangiectatc protein loss and secondary immunologic deficiency?]. PMID- 6808595 TI - [Fatal congenital spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia or hypochondrogenesis]. PMID- 6808594 TI - [Normal range of thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)--relationship to aging chronological change in TBG (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808597 TI - [Discrepancies in the results of 3 serological reactions used for the diagnosis of Chagas disease]. PMID- 6808599 TI - [Individualization of so-called benign and functional epilepsy at different ages. Appraisal of variations corresponding the predisposition for epilepsy at these ages]. AB - The different types of epilepsy encountered during the various phases of life are presented and the distinction is made between benign and, essentially if not exclusively, functional epilepsy related to a genetically-transmitted predisposition to epilepsy: (1) the primary generalized epilepsies and (2) the benign partial epilepsies with functional foci. In the case of primary generalized epilepsy, seizures are the result of a discharge, generalized from the onset, of the entire cortex in individuals genetically predisposed to epilepsy. The seizures present (1) in older children, adolescents and young adults, the well-known characteristics of Petit Mal and/or Grand Mal; (2) in neonates, infants and young children, a different type of generalized (or hemigeneralized) seizures, the semeiology of which remains unclear. In the case of benign partial epilepsy, the seizures result from an epileptic discharge in a cortical area having a low convulsant threshold in patients genetically predisposed to epilepsy. The semeiology of the seizures varies as a function of the patient's age and the site of the epileptic focus: -in neonates: benign partial epilepsy wih an erratic EEG focus, e.g. 'Fifth day seizures'; -in infants: 'cryptogenic' benign partial epilepsy, which remains poorly defined; -in children: (a) benign partial epilepsy with nocturnal motor seizures and a central EEG focus; (b) benign partial epilepsy with affective seizures and a temporal focus; (c) benign partial epilepsy with visual seizures (often coupled with signs of basilar migraine) and an occipital focus; -in adolescents: benign partial motor epilepsy (often versive) often without an interictal EEG focus or with generalized spike-waves; benign partial epilepsies do not occur after adolescence. PMID- 6808600 TI - [The partial epilepsies in childhood--evolution and prognosis factors (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied 119 cases of partial epilepsies, selected from the patients treated in the Centre Saint-Paul between 1966 and 1970 according to the following criteria: seizures beginning before the age of 12; electro-clinical evolution known about for at least 5 years (mean duration: 13 years 3 months). The cases are separated in 4 groups according to the severity of epilepsy: (1) complete recovery and withdrawal of treatment; (2) no seizure with treatment; (3) persisting seizures with treatment; (4) frequent and severe seizures with treatment. The severe epilepsies are characterized by an early commencement of fits (before 3 years), associated symptoms of encephalopathy, lack of familial antecedents, association of several types of seizures, or the existence of a particular critical semiology (either complex partial motor seizures, or succession of simple motor and complex semiology, sudden fall, or reflex triggering). However, it is also necessary to consider the syndromic grouping of signs which is of greater value than a simple analysis of benignity or malignancy factors. PMID- 6808601 TI - [The benign myoclonic epilepsy of infancy (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report observations on 7 children who have shown an early epilepsy characterized only by brief myoclonic fits, with generalized spikes and waves on the EEG. This type of epilepsy had a favorable evolution in all cases under treatment (usually VPA). In 2 cases, rare grand mal seizures appeared between 9 and 12 years. The authors discuss the situation of this epilepsy among all the myoclonic childhood epilepsies reported in the literature. They conclude that it is an early type of primary generalized epilepsy. PMID- 6808604 TI - [Study on focalized EEG paroxysms in children (author's transl)]. AB - The authors studied 111 children whose EEG showed paroxysmal foci on the lateral areas of the skull, often on the rolandic and temporal areas, but also on occipital, parietal and frontal areas. In 60% of the cases there was no clinical epileptic manifestation. In 25% of the cases those foci were responsible for epileptic seizures with good prognosis; in 15% of the cases they were associated with other epileptogenic processes responsible for epileptic fits of unfavorable evolution. The past history of these children had been studied in particular: hyperthermic convulsions and lateralisation difficulties were very frequent, but organic lesions were also found, which, although they did not seem to be directly responsible for the foci, were related to the organic lesion by a reactional or 'functional' factor. PMID- 6808603 TI - [Acquired aphasia in epileptic children--four cases with electrical infraclinic status epilepticus during sleep (author's transl)]. AB - Four cases of acquired aphasia in epileptic children, associated with sub continuous bitemporal paroxysmal activities (PA) during sleep, are described. Clinical improvement always followed the decrease or the unilateralization of PA. Persistence or aggravation of aphasia was observed when PA again became bitemporal and sub-continuous. Electroencephalographic characteristics of PA during sleep stages are described. Relationships of these cases with the 'sub clinical electrical status epilepticus induced by sleep' and the physiopathology of aphasia are discussed. PMID- 6808602 TI - [Unilateral epilepsy with hemiplegia in the child (author's transl)]. AB - Fifteen children between the age of 3 and 7 years who had had unilateral seizure followed by a transitory hemiplegia (without fever) were observed. This seizure was the only one in 13 of the children; a second fit appeared in 2 others. The average duration of the observation period was 10 years, 6 months. The evolution of the EEG shows that after a post-ictal delta focus contralateral to the hemiplegia, spike foci of variable localisations were formed in 12 cases. These cases, chosen because of their benign evolution, seem to be related closely to rolandic paroxysmal epilepsy (EPR). PMID- 6808606 TI - [Epileptic seizures after recovery from an epilepsy with rolandic paroxysms (author's transl)]. AB - 154 subjects over 13 years of age were examined who had suffered from RPE (epilepsy with rolandic paroxysmal foci) in infancy (87 subjects were 20 years old). Seizures had reappeared 5 times, four of them being apparently, primary generalized motor seizures. Treatment was not resumed in 3 cases which had not had another seizure for 11, 13 and 2 years, respectively. All patients have shown a good social adaptation. Repetition of seizures seems very rare and only in predisposed subjects. The highly favourable prognosis for RPE is not disputed. PMID- 6808605 TI - [Study of the transversal repartition of the electrical field of paroxysmal discharges in petite mal epilepsies (author's transl)]. AB - A precise analysis of the topography of the EEG critical discharges of Petit Mal, permits a description of two principal varieties, depending whether their electrical field presents two lateral and symmetrical peaks--usually on frontal areas--('lateral variety') or one peak on the mediosagittal line ('medial variety') of the scalp. The relationship which exists between the lateral distribution of EEG discharges and the 'simple' aspect of the absences, on the one hand, and the medial distribution with the 'complex' aspect, on the other, is so close that one is led to hypothesize two distinct epileptogenic processes. PMID- 6808607 TI - [Adolescence epilepsy--a clinical, electroencephalographical and prognostic study (author's transl)]. AB - Epileptic seizures are almost as common in adolescence as in childhood. They have the same etiologies or, more often, lack any etiology, However, their clinical and electroencephalographical features are different. Primary generalized epilepsy is chiefly represented by clonic-tonic seizures, with or without myoclonias. The prognosis is better if only one type of seizure is present. Secondary generalized epilepsies are very rare. Partial epilepsies, almost as frequent as generalized epilepsies, are represented by either elementary or complex partial seizures. Elementary partial seizures are more common and usually of good prognosis. The prognosis is poor for complex partial seizures. PMID- 6808608 TI - [Longitudinal study of epilepsies occurring during adolescence (author's transl)]. AB - A total of 216 cases of epilepsies occurring during adolescence (11-18 years) were studied for a period of 10 years mean. The frequency of primary generalized epilepsies (PGE) was very high: 3/4 of the cases. Adolescence epilepsies were, in a decreasing order of frequency, PGE with grand mal seizures, partial epilepsies (PE) with complex semiology seizures, PE with elementary semiology seizures, PGE with petit mal seizures and secondary generalized epilepsies. Family antecedents could be found in PGE. Organic lesions were often observed in PE with complex semiology seizures, but never in PE with elementary semiology seizures. The seizures evolved as follows: disappearance for most of the PGE; sometimes good evolution in PE with elementary semiology seizures; more rarely good evolution in PE with complex semiology seizures. The epilepsies with a good evolution represent 80% of the epilepsies occurring during adolescence. PMID- 6808609 TI - [Frequency and semeiological evolution of epileptic seizures occurring between 40 and 65 years of age (author's transl)]. AB - 458 patients who had their first epileptic fit between the ages of 40 and 65 are classified into 5 groups according to the seizure symptomatology: when the symptomatology remains unchanged, the frequency of fits is less than 1 per month in 84% of generalized fits and more than 1 per month in 52% of focal fits. When the symptomatology changes, the frequency of fits is less than 1 per month when the inaugural fit is generalized (23 out of 27) and more than 1 per month when the inaugural fit is focal (15 out of 21). Modifications of the symptomatology correlate positively with a prevalence of tumor aetiology. Primary generalized epilepsies are rare (4.4%). Non-specific secondary generalized epilepsies (including vascular, metabolic or toxic encephalopathies) account for 24.4% of the cases. Focal epilepsies are the most common form (40.7%), elementary fits being four times more frequent than complex fits. PMID- 6808610 TI - [Longitudinal study of epilepsies occurring in adults (author's transl)]. AB - In 24% of epileptic patients the first seizure occurred between 19 and 64 years. A longitudinal study was undertaken on data from 152 subjects, ranged according to the international classification. For each group the following parameters were considered: age at onset of the first seizure; familial and individual antecedents; existence and modification in time of epileptogenic factors and of clinical and electrical interictal semiology. It was noted in particular that the occurrence of illness decreased as subjects grew older; that partial epilepsies (about 2/3 of the cases) were more common than generalized ones; that individual antecedents indicating a lesional aetiology were very frequent; that primary generalized epilepsies had a relatively favourable course, contrary to the partial epilepsies (and particularly those with complex semiological seizures). The results are discussed with reference to statistical data in the literature. PMID- 6808611 TI - [Myoclonias as a manifestation of degenerative disorders of the central nervous system in childhood]. PMID- 6808612 TI - [Severe infant myoclonic epilepsy (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty children (15 males and 5 females) suffering from a particular type of myoclonic epilepsy were submitted to a longitudinal study. All children were neurologically normal. Familial antecedents existed for epilepsy in 25% of the cases (5/20) and for febrile convulsions in 15% (3/20). The first fit appeared with fever at the mean age of 6 months in all cases but one of clonic type. Frequent similar febrile or afebrile clonic seizures recurred in all subjects before the age of 12 months. At this time the EEG was normal in 14 cases and brief discharges of generalized spike-waves during ILS or during sleep were present in 6 cases only. Later, frequent non-febrile clonic unilateral or generalized fits, frequent atypical 'absences' often accompanied by jerks, high photosensitivity and non-epileptic erratic myoclonias appear. Nevertheless, atomic and/or tonic seizures did not appear. The evolution is characterized by the persistence of fits and the appearance of severe language disorder and light cerebellar and pyramidal signs. The authors present their results and discuss the nosological problems of this severe infant myoclonic epilepsy. PMID- 6808613 TI - [Early myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy (EMEE) (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the electroclinical and evolutive aspects of 4 cases (including 2 brothers) of myoclonic epileptic encephalopathy beginning between 2 days and 10 weeks of life. From the onset of myoclonic jerks, polymorphous fits (partial seizures, tonic seizures) and multifocal electrical abnormalities are associated. Repeated spasms and 'suppression-burst' patterns appear later. The neurological status deteriorates progressively, leading within a few months to decerebration posture with opisthotonus. In spite of thorough neuroradiological, biochemical, cytological to metabolic investigations, etiology remains unknown. However, the electroclinical and evolutive patterns are similar to that of metabolic diseases, especially non-ketotic hyperglycemia. The authors discuss the relations between their observations and those in the literature and the nosological problems of this particular epileptic encephalopathy of infancy. PMID- 6808614 TI - Requirement of macrophage metabolic activity for T-lymphocyte activation. AB - It has been recently demonstrated that macrophages are necessary accessory cells for T-lymphocyte activation by antigens, mitogens and allogenic cells. This paper shows the function of metabolically inactive macrophages in the activation of T lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Macrophages inactivated by mitomycin C are unable to collaborate with T-lymphocytes in the development of the proliferative response to PHA indicating that the role of the macrophage in T lymphocyte activation by mitogens goes beyond insolubilizing it or rendering it more stimulatory by another passive mechanism. PMID- 6808615 TI - [Comparison of adsorption capacity for FSH between kaolin and montmorillonite. Biological and immunological activity relation (author's transl)]. AB - The adsorption capacity of urinary FSH has been studied comparatively with kaolin and montmorillonite, a new type of bentonite, never used before in gonadotrophin adsorption. To measure adsorption capacity, two different assay methods were used: bioassay (for biological activity of the kaolin and montmorillonite extracts) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the immunological activity of FSH in both extracts. From the present results a biological activity increase was observed in montmorillonite extracts, while no significant differences between immunological activity of FSH were found in either extract. These findings suggest that montmorillonite could replace kaolin in gonadotrophins extraction and purification methods. PMID- 6808616 TI - alpha-Glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities in liver and brain mitochondria from neonatal rats treated with L-thyroxine. AB - Liver alpha-GPD undergoes a dramatic increase in newborn rats treated with large doses of L-thyroxine, indicating the elevated exposure of peripheral tissues to the hormone. In contrast, brain enzyme remains unchanged in the two mitochondria populations, free and synaptic. PMID- 6808617 TI - Presence of glutamate decarboxylase in bovine adrenal medullary cells. AB - Data confirming the presence of GAD in bovine adrenal medullary cells are reported. The subcellular distribution of this enzyme seems to be cytosolic and mitochondrial. The possibility of two GAD, GAD I and GAD II, is discussed. The mitochondrial enzymatic activity has been checked by both the "C-CO2 liberated and the presence of 14C-GABA formed. PMID- 6808618 TI - Platelet aggregation: inhibition of secondary aggregation by phenol. AB - Abnormal platelet function in patients with chronic renal failure has been associated with elevated levels of phenol and phenolic acids in serum. In vitro studies show inhibition of secondary aggregation by phenol, suggesting that phenol acts at the platelet release reaction. When platelet rich plasma was incubated with phenol, inhibition was found to decrease with increasing preincubation time at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degree C. Also, the inhibitory effect of phenol in vitro was overcome by the addition of arachidonic acid. These findings demonstrate inhibition of secondary aggregation by phenol. Thus the site of the inhibitory action of phenol was at the initiation of the secondary wave of platelet aggregation. PMID- 6808619 TI - Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue, blood, lipids, and glucose tolerance in patients with different degrees of angiographically documented coronary arteriosclerosis. AB - Forty-eight patients with symptoms of angina pectoris were studied for adipose tissue fatty acid composition and cardiovascular risk factors while hospitalized for selective coronary angiography. Patients with manifest diabetes mellitus and deviations form the "normal" customary diet were excluded. Pairwise comparison between the groups with absent, slight, moderate, and severe coronary arteriosclerosis showed reasonable comparability for age, relative body weight, and skinfold measurements. The proportion of smokers, but not of hypertensives, showed a significant positive relationship with the degree of arteriosclerosis. Serum cholesterol was similar in all four groups, while triglycerides were clearly, but not significantly (P greater than 0.05) higher in patients with coronary arteriosclerosis. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) index was significantly higher in moderate and severe disease. Significantly higher proportions for palmitic acid lower proportions for linoleic acid were also found in these two groups. Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive association with coronary arteriosclerosis for: OGTT index greater than palmitic acid greater than arachidonic acid greater than triglycerides. The close negative association between the proportion of stearic acid in adipose tissue and coronary heart disease observed in two previous studies could not be confirmed. On the basis of the present study, stearic acid correlates with age rather than with arteriosclerotic disease. PMID- 6808620 TI - Changes in fetal and maternal blood at the end of pregnancy and during parturition in the pig. AB - Fetal and maternal blood gas tensions, pH, packed cell volume and glucose, fructose and lactic acid concentrations were monitored during the last two days of gestation, during parturition and and the first hour after birth. Blood samples were taken by means of indwelling catheters (implanted seven to 14 days before parturition) from 12 fetuses in seven sows. All fetuses were liveborn at a mean gestational age of 113.1 days. The significant finding was that all variables in fetal blood were stable during labour and, although mild hypercapnia was present during the last three hours, no significant changes in mean values were seen until those of samples taken within 15 minutes of birth. In some fetuses, no changes were seen until after birth, while in others pH and pO2 values declined during the last hour of fetal life. Immediately after birth a rapid increase in pO2 and decrease in pCO2 followed the onset of respiration. Blood pH fell during the first 30 minutes after birth and this fall was accompanied by increasing blood lactic acid concentrations. Blood glucose concentrations rose rapidly in the first 15 minutes after birth and were maintained during the first hour despite separation of the piglets from the sow. There was a transient, but significant, increase in packed cell volume during the period from 15 minutes before to 15 minutes after birth. Maternal values for all variables measured remained virtually unchanged during delivery. PMID- 6808621 TI - Effects of respiratory gases on the frequency and duration of obstructive apneic episodes in a patient with the sleep apnea-hypersomnolence syndrome. AB - We studied the effects of hyperoxia and hypercapnia on obstructive apneic episodes (OAE) in a 39-year-old male with the sleep apnea and hypersomnolence syndrome (SAHS). While inspiring room air, our patient spent approximately 50% of his non-REM sleep time in OAE. When the inspired gas was changed to 100% oxygen, the frequency of the OAE decreased slightly, but a statistically significant increase in the duration of each episode was noted. Additionally, a CO2 rebreathe under hyperoxic conditions was carried out during non-REM sleep; no OAE were noted during this rebreathe. Therefore, this latter observation suggests that hypercapnia under hyperoxic conditions may reduce the frequency of OAE in patients with the SAHS. PMID- 6808622 TI - Exercise-induced asthma diagnosis and prevention with a metered dose aerosol formulation of sodium cromoglycate. AB - The protective effect of sodium cromoglycate against the bronchospasm induced by exercise in 10 asthmatic subjects was compared with that of placebo in a single blind study. The drug, which was administered by means of a metered dose aerosol, at a lower dose than is currently used in the therapy of asthma, was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in preventing postexercise changes in all the respiratory function parameters measured (VC, FEV1, PEFR, MEFR50, TGV and SGaw). PMID- 6808623 TI - Alveolo-arterial gradients of O2 and CO2 in hyperlipidemic subjects. AB - In 20 hypertriglyceridemic normocholesterolemic patients, mean age 51 years (range 42-62), +/- 10% ideal body weight, and in 18 normolipidemic controls, mean age 49 years (range 42-63), +/- 10% ideal body weight, the following tests were performed: spirometry, flow-volume curves, arterial blood gases, alveolo capillary transfer of CO, alveolo-arterial gradients of O2 and arterio-alveolar gradients of CO2. A significant decrease in the arterial partial pressure of O2 and in the transfer of CO, with a significant increase in the alveolo-arterial gradient of O2 were found. Hypertriglyceridemia seems to compromise the alveolo capillary gas exchange. PMID- 6808624 TI - [Acute effects of angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (SQ 14, 225) on severe heart failure--hemodynamics, plasma catecholamine levels, renin angiotensin-aldosterone system and blood gas data (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808625 TI - Ventilation, gas exchange and blood gases in the snake, Pituophis melanoleucus. AB - Oxygen consumption of Pituophis melanoleucus was about 30-50% of values predicted for snakes of similar body mass. Following a rise in body temperature there were transient increases in CO2 elimination and the respiratory exchange ratio for about 6 hours. Lowering body temperature produced transient decreases in CO2 elimination and the respiratory exchange ratio for about 24 hours. Respiratory exchange ratios measured up to 6 days following these transients were found to be significantly higher at higher temperatures. From 20 to 30 degrees C arterial pH declined 0.157 unit, and there was a significant decline in blood CO2 of 1.3 mM which is consistent with the direction of the transients in CO2 elimination. This fall in CO2 at higher temperatures probably results from increased levels of plasma fixed acid (e.g., lactate). Minute ventilation and breathing frequency increased with body temperature while tidal volume remained nearly constant at 29 ml/kg. Breathing was regular, with each breath followed by an inspiratory pause. Air convection requirement declined from about 61 ml air/ml O2 at 15 degrees C to 36 ml air/ml O2 at 30 degrees C. Blood convection requirement remained constant at about 44.6 ml blood/ml O2 at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C with the result that ventilation/perfusion declined from approximately 1.13 to 0.76. In Pituophis, mechanisms of acid-base regulation and adjustments in gas transfer with temperature do not differ fundamentally from those of other air-breathing ectotherms. However, snakes utilize tidal volumes which are 2 to 2.5 times larger than other reptiles and have air convection requirements which exceed other reptiles by about 50%. PMID- 6808626 TI - Altered respiratory control in newborn puppies after chronic prenatal exposure to alpha-1-acetylmethadol (LAAM). AB - Respiratory studies were conducted on newborn puppies chronically exposed to alpha-l-acetylmethadol . HCl (LAAM) during portions of gestation. Bitches received daily oral doses of LAAM from the second week through the sixth week of pregnancy (LAAM-6) or through the end of a 9-week pregnancy (LAAM-9), but not after parturition. LAAM-9 pups displayed narcotic abstinence signs during the first week after birth, while LAAM-6 pups did not. LAAM-9 pups had increased tidal volume, respiratory frequency, alveolar ventilation and O2-consumption and decreased alveolar CO2-tension during the first week of life compared to placebo treated controls. The LAAM-9 CO2-response curve was significantly displaced to the left of control. These data are consistent with relative hyperventilation during neonatal withdrawal from LAAM. LAAM-6 pups had decreased tidal volume and alveolar ventilation during 4 of the 6 weeks studied. These changes in ventilation were associated with a decrease in O2 consumption. By 6 weeks after birth CO2-response curves of both LAAM-9 and LAAM-6 pups were shifted to the right of control. These changes in CO2-responsiveness suggest the possibility of prolonged disturbances of respiratory control which may continue beyond the sixth week of life. PMID- 6808627 TI - Reversal of oleic acid-induced respiratory distress by prostacyclin (PGI2). AB - The effects of Prostacyclin (PGI2) on gas exchange were investigated in 13 adult mongrel dogs with acute pulmonary edema induced by oleic acid (0.09 ml/kg). The time course of changes in gas exchange was measured during spontaneous ventilation with room air. In the Control group, with oleic acid induced respiratory distress, there were marked decreases in arterial PO2 and PCO2, and marked increases in respiratory frequency, expired minute volume, alveolar (end tidal)-arterial PO2 difference, arterial-alveolar (end tidal) PCO2 difference and physiological dead space to tidal volume ratio. In the Test group, respiratory distress was also induced by the oleic acid injection, however, subsequent infusion of PGI2 (200 ng/kg/min) reversed the values of these parameters, which were significantly different from those in the Control group. The results suggest that PGI2 has a protective action against impairment of gas exchange in the presence of increased pulmonary vascular permeability. PMID- 6808628 TI - Effect of temperature on the ventilatory response curve to carbon dioxide in anaesthetized cats. AB - Effects of body temperature on the ventilatory control system were studied in 17 anaesthetized cats. At different body temperatures (stabilized within 0.1 degrees C) CO2 response curves were measured in each cat. In with chloralose-urethan anaesthetized cats it was found that in the body temperature range of 34-40 degrees C, in which neither shivering nor panting occurred, no statistically significant trend with temperature was found in the slope (S) and the extrapolated intercept on the PaCO2-axis (B) of the linear CO2 response curve during hyperoxia as well as hypoxia. In two with pentobarbital anaesthetized cats similar results were obtained. The resting ventilation (at FICO2 = 0) did not change significantly, while the resting PaCO2 during hyperoxia showed a trend to increase with temperature just reaching the level of significance (P less than 0.05). Breathing frequency increased significantly with temperature (P less than 0.0005). When body temperature was elevated above 41 degrees C both the slope (S) and the intercept of the CO2 response curve (B) decreased. In three cats ventriculo-cisternal perfusion was performed and no apparent influence of body temperature was found on the relation between the PCSFCO2 and PETCO2 and on the VE-PCSFCO2 response curves. These findings show that body temperature has no important modifying effect on the ventilatory response to CO2 in anaesthetized cats in the temperature range of 34-40 degrees C. PMID- 6808629 TI - Chemoreflex drive of ventilation in the awake miniature pig. AB - Awake, resting miniature pigs trained to breathe through a respiratory mask were studied at neutral ambient temperature first intact, then after bilateral chronic carotid body denervation. Resting pulmonary ventilation (V), tidal volume (VT) and ventilatory period (T), and O2 and CO2 partial pressures in the end-tidal gas (PETO2, PETCO2) were measured cycle-by-cycle in steady state at levels of PETO2 ranging from 35 to 300 Torr, and in the course of NaCN injections and transient pure-O2 inhalation)30-sec O2-test). Steady state toxic CO2 ventilatory responses curves were determined. Intact normoxic animals hyperventilated in response to NaCN injections, while carotid denervated ones did not. Intact animals responded to O2-tests with a fall of V accounting for about 40% of the control minute volume in normoxia PETO2 = 95 Torr), and 90% in hypoxia (PETO2 = 50 Torr equivalent to an altitude exposure at 4000 m). Denervated miniature pigs exhibited either no ventilatory changes, or hyperventilated in response to O2 tests. From V vs. PETCO2 relationships, hypercapnia and hypoxia interacted positively before carotid denervation; after denervation, the normoxic curve was shifted towards higher PCO2 values and its slope decreased. It is concluded that in awake miniature pigs the hypoxic chemoreflex drive from the carotid bodies controls about 40% of the resting minute volume near sea level, and 90% in hypoxic conditions equivalent to an altitude exposure to 4000 m. Bilateral carotid body denervation totally suppressed arterial chemosensitivity: there is thus no functional evidence for the existence of aortic chemoreceptors in miniature pigs. PMID- 6808630 TI - [Evaluation of the fluorescence for the identification of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in patients with diphtheria]. PMID- 6808631 TI - [Measurement of the presence of Bacillus cereus in a dehydrated infant food]. PMID- 6808633 TI - [CCl4 - induced liver cirrhosis, in the rat: effects of colchicine in its induction and recovery]. PMID- 6808632 TI - [Production of alkaline proteases]. PMID- 6808635 TI - [100 years ago Robert Koch discovered the tuberculosis bacillus]. PMID- 6808636 TI - [Biology of the tubercle bacillus]. PMID- 6808634 TI - [Diets fo adult patients in a general hospital (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808639 TI - [Tumors of the nervous system in children]. PMID- 6808640 TI - [2 cases of mediastinal tumors in newborn infants]. PMID- 6808637 TI - [Basic concepts of dietetics in oral surgery]. PMID- 6808638 TI - [In memoriam. Prof. Alfred D. Rusescu]. PMID- 6808641 TI - [The child and cancerous diseases (current general aspects of pediatric oncology)]. PMID- 6808642 TI - [Heredity in cancer]. PMID- 6808643 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in children. I. (Etiopathogenesis, physiopathology, clinical aspects]. PMID- 6808645 TI - [Clinical aspects of bronchiectasis in children. Current concepts of its surgical treatment]. PMID- 6808644 TI - [Immunological aspects of diabetes mellitus in children]. PMID- 6808647 TI - An investigation of the immune response of homozygotes for the Rh haplotype --D-- and related haplotypes. Using cells of rare Rh phenotypes. AB - Immune sera from people homozygous for the "deleted" gene complexes --D--, cD--, CwD--, . D . and (C)Div-- as well as heterozygous --D--/--- --- --- were studied by their reactions, and in some cases by absorption-elution tests, with cells of the following rare Rh types: two unrelated examples of homozygous . D .; three unrelated examples of Rhmod; homozygous R33; cDe with a very weak e; apparent CwD(e)/--D--. The results showed that these immune sera are clearly heterogeneous: this heterogeneity was not entirely due to the strength of the antibody (as determined by titration against CDe/cDE cells) or to the phenotype of the antibody maker. Absorption and elution tests using two of the immune sera and . D ./. D . cells demonstrated a "new" antibody, anti-Dav, for a high frequency Rh antigen in addition to anti-Rh17. PMID- 6808646 TI - [The Schwartz-Bartter syndrome. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6808649 TI - [Results of the surgical treatment of non-advanced Chagas megaesophagus. Functional aspects of the operated esophagus]. PMID- 6808648 TI - [The use of a 10% mannitol solution in the preparation of the large intestine for colonoscopy and surgery]. PMID- 6808652 TI - [Of what use is health economics?]. PMID- 6808650 TI - Respiratory mechanics in patients with Chagas disease without cardiac insufficiency. PMID- 6808653 TI - [Attempt at evaluating the effects of the ticket moderateur (patient contribution) to health expenditures]. PMID- 6808654 TI - [The CO2 laser. Its indications in the treatment of oro-pharyngeal mucous lesions]. PMID- 6808651 TI - [Kidney transplantation: a new way of transmitting chagas disease]. PMID- 6808655 TI - [Contribution of the CO2 laser in the sterilization of various infections of dental origin]. AB - The CO2 laser (lambda congruent to 10.6 micrometers) induces structural changes in the mineralised tissues of the dental organ: fusion, recristallization, increase in hardness and sterilisation. (Report at the Academie des Sciences, December 1980). Thanks to Professor C. Freche, 200 cases have been treated using the FLF 25 since June 1980: 1) apical infections: 40 cases. The laser closes the lumen of the canaliculi, hardens and sterilises the dentine; 2) dentino-pulp infections: 150 cases. The laser volatilizes the area of caries in live teeth, hardens and sterilises the dentine. With exposed pulp (6 cases) the laser coagulates, sterilises and permits closure; 3) periradicular infections: 10 cases. The laser cleans, sterilises and hardens. Parodontal pockets are cleansed; 4) mucosal or gingival surgery is bloodless, atraumatic and particularly facilitated. The laser has become an instrument for the prevention of the complications of dental disease. PMID- 6808658 TI - Gram-positive microorganisms in sepsis. AB - The significance of various microorganisms as pathogens in septicemia has been changing over the years. This has been amply demonstrated by several authors especially in the interesting survey from Boston by Maxwell Finland covering a 30 years' period from 1935-1965. Dramatic changes were noted among the Gram positives and this seemed to coincide with the introduction of antibiotics. However, since that time a continuous variation of microflora isolated from patients with bacteremia has been reported, which indicates the significance of a through analysis of isolated pathogens presently and in the future. The difference in etiology in various age groups has been strengthened and microorganisms, which were seldom found ten years ago, are now of major clinical importance in septicemia. There is no simple explanation to this phenomenon but rather reflects a summary of influences including changes of the host microorganism interaction induced by different treatment procedures, survival of patients with diseases with a negative effect on the infectious response, new and better microbiological diagnostic procedures, etc. The possibility that the increased frequency of e.g. group B streptococcal infections reflects a change in 'Status epidemicus' must also be born in mind. The clinical significance of changes in the etiology of septicemia is obvious since the microorganisms have different virulence factors, influencing in various ways upon the host. These microorganisms may also have a different or changing antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It should be added, however, that the changes in antibiotic sensitivity pattern is a multifacetted problem involving factors like types of patients in a hospital, treatment regime, antibiotic use. PMID- 6808656 TI - Inhibition of T-cell activity by cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclosporin A (CyA) inhibits early events in the T-cell response. It strongly suppresses the activation of naive T cells by IL1 or IL2 and alloantigen. CyA exerts a selective effect on activated T cells. It inhibits the ability of these cells to release IL2 in response to antigen or mitogen restimulation, at concentration that have no effect on the ability of these same cell populations to respond to IL2 by proliferation. The specific effects of CyA are not limited to T cells, however, and this drug will inhibit IL1 production by lipopolysaccharide W-stimulated PU5-IR cells. PMID- 6808657 TI - High dose phenoxymethylpenicillin for preventing endocarditis. AB - Single oral doses of phenoxymethylpenicillin were administered to 12 healthy volunteers, and their serum, saliva, and urine phenoxymethylpenicillin concentrations were determined. At all dose levels (0.4, 1, 2 and 3 g) phenoxymethylpenicillin was rapidly absorbed usually giving peak serum concentrations after 0.75 h. The relationship between mean peak serum concentration and dose was nonlinear (p less than 0.001); between area under serum concentration vs. time curve (AUC) and dose, it did not deviate from linearity (NS). Very low penicillin concentrations were obtained in saliva and the changes in the normal microflora were minor. The urinary excretion during the 10 h period after drug administration was 37-43 % of the given doses. After the 3 g doses, 3 volunteers had loose stools. PMID- 6808659 TI - Gram-negative pathogens in septicaemic infections. AB - For the last two decades, gram-negative rod bacteremia has been the major infectious disease problem developing in patients hospitalized in the United States and many European countries. Mortality rates are high and have exceeded 30% in patients with serious underlying diseases. The most commonly isolated organisms are Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but the latter organism has consistently been associated with the highest case fatality ratios. Stool sampling surveys in normal individuals reveal low carriage rates of both K. Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas, but prospective studies in neutropenic patients using the surveillance culture technique has indicated a higher prevalence of gastrointestinal colonization. In neutropenic patients asymptomatic colonization may occur weeks prior to onset of gram-negative rod bacteremia. The patients most likely to develop systemic infection are neutropenic subjects who have P. aeruginosa colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Microbial pathogenetic factors associated with gram-negative bacillary infections are poorly understood. Antigens such as the O and K antigens appear to confer the property of resistance to phagocytosis. Both antibody deficiency and restricted activation of the alternative complement pathway are responsible for impaired phagocytosis of some bacteremic strains in both fresh normal human serum as well as in the serum or plasma of bacteremic patients. A number of studies have shown a direct correlation between type-specific and cross-reacting serum antibody levels with survival. Additionally, Exotoxin A of P. aeruginosa is a likely virulence factors of this species and levels of humoral antitoxic antibodies measured at onset of bacteremia correlate with improved prognosis. Antibodies to capsular antigens like K-1 antigen of E. coli enhance phagocytosis of strains with different O types. Despite a substantial amount of circumstantial evidence, a role for circulating toxins or other candidate virulence factors has not bee convincingly established in human sepsis. Bioassays like those involving the limulus lysate gelation have identified some patients with endotoxemia, but this test may be negative if circulating immune complexes are present. Additionally, other factors in serum may inactivate endotoxins of complex with endotoxins. Several human and experimental studies suggest that prophylaxis or treatment of gram-negative infections may be effective with antiserum against endotoxins antigens. The high mortality from gram-negative bacteremia in some patients strongly justifies further research in this area. PMID- 6808660 TI - [Beta-lactamase producing gonococci in the Zurich region. Epidemiology and sensitivity to various antibiotics]. AB - In a period of 15 months 601 patients (440 males, 161 females) with uncomplicated genital gonorrhea were examined bacteriologically and clinically. Diagnosis was by microscopy and culture. The sensitivity of the gonococci strains to antibiotics was tested by agar disc and the agar plate dilution culture media. 10 cases of penicillinase producing gonococci strains were found among the 601 isolates. The presence of beta-lactamase activity in all strains was confirmed by the chromogenic cephalosporin test. PPNG strains proved to be highly resistant to penicillin. These strains (PPNG) have been imported from South East Asia and West Africa. Among the isolates, only 2 cases of the South East Asian strains displayed the common tetracycline resistance. All PPNG strains were sensitive to spectinomycin and cefuroxine. PMID- 6808661 TI - [Acid and alkali burns of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum]. PMID- 6808663 TI - [A hundred years ago: Robert Koch discovers the agent of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6808664 TI - Rabbit hepatic progesterone 21-hydroxylase exhibits a bimodal distribution of activity. AB - Progesterone 21-hydroxylase activity varies extensively among liver microsomes prepared from individual New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits. The 21-hydroxylase activities are distributed between two groupings that differ by more than tenfold in mean activity. Both male and female animals are represented in the two groupings. However, females exhibited the higher activity more frequently than males. The 21-hydroxylation of progesterone is catalyzed by one of the liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 isozymes, form 1, and these differences in activity are suggestive of differences in the occurrence of this isozyme among NZW rabbits. PMID- 6808665 TI - Leukotriene D4: a potent coronary artery vasoconstrictor associated with impaired ventricular contraction. AB - Leukotriene D4 (2 c 10(-9) mole), injected into the left circumflex coronary artery of anesthetized sheep, produced profound coronary vasoconstriction and impaired regional ventricular wall motion. This cardiac effect was neither inhibited by prior treatment of the sheep with a cyclooxygenase inhibitor nor associated with thromboxane B2 release into the coronary sinus. Intravenous FPL 55712 completely abolished the coronary vasoconstriction of leukotriene D4, but a significant reduction of regional wall shortening persisted. PMID- 6808662 TI - [Slower lidocaine elimination and dose adjustment in patients with heart failure]. AB - In 21 patients with acute coronary artery disease the influence of cardiac failure on the elimination of lidocaine (L) was evaluated by repeated serum level measurements during and after a therapeutic L-infusion. Lidocaine clearance (Cl) was less than 8 ml/min/kg in 9 of 13 cases with congestive heart failure (CHF), while in 7 out of 8 patients without CHF Cl-values were 8-12 ml/min/kg. Due to wide interindividual variability in the CHF group, however, mean values were not significantly different: 7.3 +/- 2.9 vs. 9.52 +/- 1.54 ml/min/kg (p greater than 0.05). In 3 patients receiving a simultaneous nitroglycerine infusion Cl was greater than 10 ml/min/kg despite clinical signs of CHF. The t 1/2 of L was significantly prolonged in patients with CHF: 4.29 +/- 2.14 vs. 2.43 +/- 0.58 h (p less than 0.05). It was not possible to determine individual L-dose requirements by bedside clinical examination alone. Serum level monitoring is therefore recommended in order to optimize L-therapy in patients with life threatening arrhythmias, severe congestive heart failure and hypotension. PMID- 6808666 TI - Benefit-cost analysis in the nutrition area: a project in the Philippines. PMID- 6808667 TI - A household framework for examining the social and economic consequences of tropical diseases. AB - In spite of the fact that tropical diseases such as malaria and schistosomiasis are endemic in much of the world, little socioeconomic research has been conducted to provide planners and other policy-makers with a basis for understanding the behavioral implications of these diseases. This paper brings modern microeconomic theory to bear on an area of research which has lacked an adequate theoretical framework. It proposes to focus on the relationships between tropical diseases and their effects on the health status and functional capacity of the individual and ultimately on the social and economic performance of the individual household by using a broadly conceptualized new home economics framework. This paper not only presents factors to be considered in developing a conceptual framework, but also discusses research design and data considerations. PMID- 6808669 TI - [Economic effectiveness of prophylactic and therapeutic measures in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6808670 TI - [100th anniversary of the discovery of the tuberculosis pathogen by Robert Koch (1882-1982)]. PMID- 6808668 TI - An economic appraisal of the benefits of screening for open spina bifida. AB - Appraisal of the costs and benefits of public sector programmes is an essential part of planning the optimal allocation of society's resources. This paper reports a study of the potential benefits to be derived if the UK National Health Services (NHS) were to introduce a mass-screening programme for the prenatal detection of fetuses affected by open spina bifida. These benefits are compared with the costs of a screening programme as estimated in the Report [1] by the Working Group on Screening for Neural Tube Defects of the Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS), A satisfactory screening test for open spina bifida has been developed in recent years, but routine prenatal screening has not yet become generally available. The paper therefore considers first the inferences that may be drawn about the efficiency and desirability of implementing a national screening programme from comparison of its costs and benefits. A brief description of screening and its likely impact is followed by a discussion of previous attempts at measuring the benefits of a screening programme and it is argued that these evaluations have adopted an approach which is rather unsatisfactory from the standpoint of economic methodology. A more appropriate conceptual approach to measuring the benefits of a screening programme is outlined and, after discussing the resolution of the theoretical and practical problems encountered in applying it, estimates of the benefits are calculated. The findings are compared first with those of previous studies which are shown to have under-estimated the benefits and secondly with the costs of a screening programme which almost certainly are lower than the benefits. It is therefore concluded that a screening programme would constitute an efficient use of NHS resources. Details of the data and their sources are appended. PMID- 6808671 TI - [Content of blood proteins participating in iron metabolism in children with ulcer disease and gastroduodenitis]. PMID- 6808674 TI - Factors affecting the performance of smear and culture tests for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The probability of gonorrhea in men attending the DeKalb County, Georgia, clinic for sexually transmitted diseases with the chief complaint of urethral discharge and/or dysuria and whose urethral smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci is 94.8%. Absence of intracellular gram-negative diplococci from smears of the same men in associated with a 92.6% probability that they have nongonococcal urethritis rather than gonorrhea. There is a 97.3% probability of gonorrhea in our female patients at high risk of being infected and whose cervical smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci. Absence of intracellular gram-negative diplococci is associated with a probability of only 51.2% that these women do not have gonorrhea. The probability of gonorrhea in our male patients, whose smears contain intracellular gram-negative diplococci, drops from 94.8% to 34.9% when specimens are obtained from sexually active men without urethritis and to 53.9% when an inexperienced technician interprets smears from patients with urethritis. Vancomycin . HCl, which is included in Neisseria gonorrhoeae--selective media for suppression of microbial contaminants, also inhibited 2.4% of our gonococcal isolates and resulted in a falsely negative test. Awareness of these and other limitations of tests for gonorrhea, and of the magnitude and means of control of these limitations is essential to determining the presence or absence of gonococcal disease. PMID- 6808673 TI - [Indications for eye enucleation in children]. PMID- 6808672 TI - [Diagnosis of two-phase tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 6808676 TI - The recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens: effects of different temperatures, transport times, and media. AB - Factors influencing the recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from patients were studied. By comparison of the survival times of N. gonorrhoeae in Amies and modified Thayer-Martin media at different temperatures, it was found that the organism survived better at low temperature in the former medium, but at higher temperature on the latter. Even at 4 C, N. gonorrhoeae showed a loss of viability in Amies medium. Culture plates inoculated with cervical specimens can be kept in a CO2-enriched environment at high ambient temperature (approximately 24-30 C) for 18-24 hr before incubation with only a slight loss in isolation rate. Urine specimens are unsuitable for recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from female prostitutes, and urine specimens from male patients should not be kept overnight. Non penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae isolates from prostitutes not only had fewer colonies on culture plates but also required more time for growth to be visible. PMID- 6808677 TI - Repeated infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a population of Alaska natives. AB - Medical and laboratory records of 171 Alaska Natives were studied retrospectively, and the incidence of repeated infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae was determined. Thirty-four per cent of the subjects had more than one gonorrheal infection within 18 months. The largest proportion of reinfections occurred within a relatively short period of time following the most recent previous infection: 29.3% within the first six weeks and, greater than 50% within 15 weeks. Men aged greater than or equal to 30 years were 2.4 times more likely than women in the same age group to acquire reinfections. The rate of reinfection for teenage women was nearly twice that for older women. Goodness-of-fit tests indicated the existence of a group of chronic repeaters responsible for a large number of reinfections. PMID- 6808675 TI - Detection of polysaccharide cell wall antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a rabbit model by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. AB - A rabbit chamber model was developed and inoculated with 10(9) colony-forming units (cfu) of viable Neisseria gonorrhoeae to determine whether the lipopolysaccharide-derived Gc2 polysaccharide cell wall antigens could be detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE). Four hours after inoculation, a polymorphonuclear leukocyte response was noted in the chambers; this response was followed by progressive phagocytosis of the organisms and a fall in number of cfu/ml. All visible bacteria were intracellular, and chamber fluids were sterile 6 hr after inoculation. Use of sero specific antisera permitted detection by CIE of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen in sera of all rabbits within 48 hr after inoculation of the chambers, whereas blood cultures remained sterile throughout the experiment. At 2-6 hr after inoculation, the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen was also detected as a single precipitin band in the chamber fluid of inoculated rabbits. At 24 hr the precipitin band was not observed; rather, a halo above the antigen well was noted. The halo was found to be a nonspecific complex containing the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen and no antibody. In the rabbit model studied, CIE was sufficiently sensitive to detect concentrations of the Gc2 polysaccharide antigen of greater than or equal to 0.97 microgram/ml in serum and chamber fluid. PMID- 6808679 TI - Incidence and prevention of thrombosis of the subclavian vein during total parenteral nutrition. AB - In this study, we were able to document by radionuclide venogram the presence of thrombosis of the subclavian vein in seven of 22 patients receiving standard total parenteral infusions. By adding 3,000 U.S.P. units of heparin to each liter of infusate, we were able to reduce the number of instances of thrombosis to two in 24 patients. Although none of the patients in the heparin therapy group experienced laboratory or clinical manifestations of anticoagulation, we suggest that further studies be done to investigate the reduced heparin concentrations to determine the lowest effective level. Based upon these observations, we currently recommend that 3,000 U.S.P. units of heparin be added to each liter of total parenteral nutrition solution infused through a subclavian venous catheter. PMID- 6808678 TI - [In vitro study of different factor VIII concentrates. Biochemical and structural characteristics of factor VIII (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808681 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin and aortic occlusion on myocardial blood flow. AB - To better characterize the cardiac and peripheral effects of nitroglycerin during aortic occlusion, we measured myocardial blood flow in 43 normal and pentobarbital (PB)-depressed dogs (groups I to VII). PB was continuously infused in groups IV to VII to maintain reduced cardiac output and contractility. In groups VI and VII nitroglycerin was administered at 2 micrograms/kg/min. Sequential injections of radioactive microspheres (10 micrometers) and hemodynamic measurements were performed during 2-hour occlusions of the infrarenal aorta. The hearts were divided into endocardium, midmyocardium, and epicardium; total and regional blood flows and the ratio of endocardial to epicardial blood flow (endo/epi) were calculated. The results (mean +/- SEM) were subjected to analysis of variance. Normal dogs that underwent aortic occlusion had predictable increases in peripheral vascular resistance. Coronary vascular resistance fell (P less than 0.05) and endo/epi ratios were maintained above 1. Following PB administration, the myocardial blood flow uniformly fell (1.08 +/- 0.34 to 0.55 +/-0.09 ml/min/gm, P less than 0.001), and the animals not treated with nitroglycerin demonstrated decreased endo/epi ratios (1.11 +/- 0-.07 to 0.83 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.001). Although nitroglycerin did not prevent decreases in total myocardial blood flow, endo/epi ratios were maintained above 1 in treated animals (group VI, 1.04 +/- 0.08; group VII, 1.18 +/- 0.17). Furthermore, the increases in left ventricular end diastolic pressure in the untreated animals were significantly greater than those in animals receiving nitroglycerin (P less than 0.01). Despite severe cardiac depression, nitroglycerin maintained normal transmural distribution favoring the endocardium. Since coronary and peripheral vascular resistances were not altered, this benefit most probably reflects decreased ventricular wall tension secondary to preload reduction. PMID- 6808680 TI - Invited commentary: an overview of pancreas transplantation--biologic aspects. AB - The clinical results of vascularized pancreas transplants have improved somewhat during the last 5 years, the but technical problems of handling the pancreatic duct remain difficult. Clinical isolated islet allografts have rarely if ever succeeded. Rejection appears to be a more severe problem in pancreas or islet transplants than in other pancreas transplants. Nevertheless, if nonendocrine cells can be completely removed, transplanted beta-cells might have prolonged survival, since they probably lack Ia antigens that may be necessary to evoke an immune response. An additional biologic problem is the possible destruction (independent of rejection) of transplanted islet cells by autoimmune insulitis. This has been found to occur in spontaneously diabetic rats who received transplanted islets. Study of this animal model may provide important clues to the etiology and treatment or prevention of diabetes. PMID- 6808682 TI - Branched chains support postoperative protein synthesis. AB - A blinded, prospective trial of the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BcAA) enriched total parenteral nutrition (TPN) versus standard TPN was undertaken in nonseptic noncirrhotic abdominal surgery patients and patients with multiple traumatic injuries. The study reflected data from the immediate 7-day postoperative period. With isocaloric and isonitrogenous input, the BcAA-TPN patients achieved positive nitrogen balance on day 3. Although the urinary nitrogen output was decreased by day 3 in BcAA-TPN, the plasma BcAA levels did not increase until day 6. With no change in 3-methylhistidine urinary excretion, the early nitrogen retention with BcAA-TPN probably reflects a stimulation of protein synthesis. The ability to favorably modulate the metabolic stress response with alternate fuels has become a clinical reality. PMID- 6808685 TI - [Survey of the incidence of infections among hospital patients in Norway]. PMID- 6808686 TI - [Changes in the clinico-functional status in patients with chronic respiratory tract obstruction undergoing long-term intal therapy]. PMID- 6808684 TI - Assessment of myocardial protection during global ischemia with myocardial gas tension monitoring. AB - Intramyocardial gas tension monitoring with mass spectrometry allows for the continuous assessment of myocardial metabolic activity during prolonged global ischemia. With aortic cross-clamping there is a rapid decrease in intramyocardial oxygen tension (PmO2) and a steady increase in carbon dioxide tension (PmCO2). In laboratory studies the extent to which myocardial metabolic activity is reduced has correlated with the degree of myocardial protection being afforded. In the present study the metabolic consequences of single-dose versus multiple-dose infusions of a hyperkalemic cardioplegic solution were compared in 23 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis. Group I (n = 13) had single-dose cardioplegia during AVR, while group II (n = 10) had multiple-dose cardioplegia. The preoperative status and the surgical procedures were identical except for two multiple-dose patients who also underwent single coronary bypass grafting. In group I the PmCO2 rose steadily and at cross-clamp release was 182 +/- 20 mm Hg, while in group II the PmCO2 rose only to 77 +/- 8 mm Hg (P less than 0.01). During reperfusion the peak PmCO2 in group I was 219 +/ 22 mm Hg versus 111 +/- 5 mm Hg in group II (P less than 0.01). After operation six patients in group I required pharmacologic support, and two other patients died of low cardiac output. In contrast, only one patient in group II required inotropic support, and there were no deaths. The significantly lower PmCO2 values with multiple-dose cardioplegia suggest both reduced metabolic activity and washout of metabolic end products, with resultant improved myocardial protection, evidenced by less postoperative left ventricular dysfunction. PMID- 6808683 TI - Role of the components of the gastroduodenal contents in experimental acid esophagitis. AB - Esophagitis has been associated with the reflux of acidic gastroduodenal contents. These contents may contain not only HCl but also pepsin, bile, and pancreatic enzymes. This experiment was designed to compare the roles of these components in experimental acid esophagitis. The esophagus of the rabbit was cannulated and perfused continuously via a recirculating system with pH 2 acid test solution. Net flux of H+, K+, glucose, and hemoglobin plus the recovery of tritiated water were determined before and after the addition of pepsin, taurodeoxycholate, or trypsin. Afterward the esophageal segments were graded for gross and microscopic esophagitis. These studies show that pepsin caused significant gross and microscopic esophagitis. Moreover, pepsin also caused significant increases in H+, K+, glucose, and hemoglobin flux as well as decreased recovery of tritiated water. Taurodeoxycholate increased esophageal mucosal permeability to H+, K+, and glucose and decreased the recovery of tritiated water but did not cause significant pathologic change. Trypsin and acid alone did not result in significant esophagitis by either pathologic or ionic permeability criteria. These results show tha disruption of the esophageal mucosal barrier cannot be equated with pathologic injury and that different components of the gastroduodenal contents may have different sites or mechanisms of injury. PMID- 6808687 TI - [Effect of carbon dioxide baths on the early manifestations of cardiac insufficiency in patients with a history of myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6808689 TI - [Effect of nitrates on regional blood flow in patients with ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6808688 TI - [Successful use of nitroglycerin in cardiogenic shock]. PMID- 6808690 TI - Facial duplication: case, review, and embryogenesis. AB - The craniofacial anatomy of an infant with facial duplication is described. There were four eyes, two noses, two maxillae, and one mandible. Anterior to the single pituitary the brain was duplicated and there was bilateral arhinencephaly. Portions of the brain were extruded into a large frontal encephalocele. Cases of symmetrical facial duplication reported in the literature range from two complete faces on a single head (diprosopus) to simple nasal duplication. The variety of patterns of duplication suggests that the doubling of facial components arises in several different ways: Forking of the notochord, duplication of the prosencephalon, duplication of the olfactory placodes, and duplication of maxillary and/or mandibular growth centers around the margins of the stomatodeal plate. Among reported cases, the female:male ratio is 2:1. PMID- 6808692 TI - Increased factor VIII associated activities in Cushing's syndrome: a probable hypercoagulable state. AB - Thirteen women and 2 men affected by Cushing's syndrome were investigated. The following parameters were used: plasma and urinary cortisol levels, factor VIII assay (antigen, activity and von Willebrand factor) together with other coagulative assays. Samples were taken before surgery or before medical and/or radiation therapy and every 30-50 days after treatment and continued for 11 months. Cortisol and factor VIII were increased before treatment and decreased slowly after treatment to become normal in 3-4 months. Other clotting tests did not show significant changes. It seems that high plasma cortisol levels may stimulate the production of factor VIII. Patients with Cushing's syndrome often exhibit thromboembolic complications after surgery. It is likely that the clotting abnormalities responsible for such complications is the increased factor VIII activities level. PMID- 6808691 TI - Hypocapnia and measurement of airflow resistance and dynamic compliance as functions of respiratory frequency. AB - Measurements of lung mechanical behaviour as a function of respiratory frequency may be associated with significantly increased ventilation at high breathing rates. It follows that these measurements may be influenced by hypocapnia which has been shown to increase airflow resistance and to decrease dynamic compliance. To examine this possibility we continuously monitored the end-tidal CO2 tension during the determination of pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance as functions of frequency and we compared measurements obtained by the standard method and by a technique designed to prevent the development of hypocapnia at high breathing rates. We studied 11 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and also two smokers with normal spirometry and resistance. Although conventional measurements at frequencies higher than 40-45 breaths/min were associated with a significant decrease in end-tidal CO2, no systematic differences were found between the values of pulmonary resistance and dynamic compliance obtained by the two techniques. Our data indicate that the development of hypocapnia at high breathing rates does not significantly affect measurements of resistance and compliance as functions of frequency, at least when the duration of each period of hyperventilation is limited to the minimum necessary for a single determination, which was less than 30 seconds in the present study. A comparison of our results with previously published data suggests that the time factor may be critical with respect to the possible effects of hypocapnia on these measurements. PMID- 6808693 TI - DDAVP stimulates prostacyclin production. AB - Des-amino-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) stimulates the release of factor VIII and plasminogen activator from the vascular endothelium. An infusion of exogenous factor VIII given to haemophiliacs causes an increase in platelet activation. This activation does not occur after stimulating a rise in the patient's own factor VIII level caused by DDAVP infusion. We hypothesised therefore that DDAVP could also cause the endothelial release of prostacyclin (PGI2), a potent anti platelet agent which would counteract the aggregating effect of factor VIII. To examine this possibility we studied the effect of DDAVP on prostacyclin release, as measured by its stable metabolite 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha, in vitro and in vivo. Rabbit aortic rings were incubated with different concentrations of DDAVP using saline as control. The supernatant was assayed for 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha by radioimmunoassay. All concentrations of DDAVP gave a significant release of 6-oxo PGF1 alpha. Vasopressin was much less potent. When DDAVP was infused into haemophilic patients there was a significant increase in circulating 6-oxo-PGF1 alpha levels immediately after the infusion. The facial flushing observed as a side-effect of DDAVP could therefore be prostacyclin-mediated. We confirmed this by abolishing the DDAVP induced flushing seen in normal subjects by prior treatment with aspirin which inhibits PGI2 formation. PMID- 6808694 TI - Chromatography of antihemophilic factor on diaminoalkane- and aminoalkane derivatized Sepharose. AB - Antihemophilic factor was chromatographed on a homologous series of diaminoalkane and aminoalkane-modified Sepharose beads. Both factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and protein are retarded on these columns when compared to their elution on a column made of unmodified Sepharose. Longer chains bind VIII:C and protein more tightly than shorter chains. No bound activity could be eluted with ethylene glycol. Increasing ionic strength eluted VIII:C and protein from aminoalkane- as well as from alkane-Sepharose. It seems likely that hydrophobic, rather than ionic forces, are responsible for the binding of VIII:C to the latter carriers. PMID- 6808696 TI - Does arachidonic acid interfere with measurements of thromboxane (TXB2)? PMID- 6808695 TI - Non-decalcified barium sulfate-adsorbed plasma. A potentially useful reagent for studying blood clotting, platelets or complement. AB - Plasma was prepared by rapid centrifugation of native blood followed by adsorption of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors with BaSO4. Compared to fresh citrated plasma, BaSO4-treated plasma contained about 80% of factor V and factor VII and the same concentration of fibrinopeptide A. Assays were also carried out after overnight incubation of citrated plasma and BaSO4-adsorbed plasma with and without added citrate and compared to assays of fresh citrated plasma. Factor V decreased to about 25% in both citrated samples, factor VIII decreased to 45% in both samples of BaSO4-treated plasma, and fibrinopeptide A did not change. Thus loss of factor V activity depended on reduction in divalent cation concentration whereas loss of factor VIII activity may have resulted from effects of early traces of thrombin. PMID- 6808697 TI - Activation of human coagulation factor VIII by activated factor X, the common product of the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. AB - The intrinsic activation of human factor X has been studied in a system consisting of purified factors and in plasma. In both these systems factor Xa stimulated the activation of factor X by factor IXa plus factor VIII. This is due to the activation of factor VIII by factor Xa. When this factor Xa is formed via the extrinsic pathway, the extrinsic factor X activator functions as a stimulator of the intrinsic factor X activator. PMID- 6808698 TI - [Diminished fertility in seals in the Netherlands, possibly resulting from exposure to large amounts of polychlorinated biphenyls (author's transl)]. AB - The number of seals in the coastal waters of the Netherlands has been considerably reduced since 1950: in the Wadden Sea, it decreased from 3,000 to 500, in the Delta area, from 1,500 to merely a few animals. Studies on population dynamics during the period from 1974 to 1978 showed that reproduction among the seal population in the Netherlands Wadden Sea is too small compared with the stable population of Schleswig-Holstein. Investigations on the role of environmental factors in diminished reproduction centered on the factor water pollution. Analysis of the various contaminants in the tissues of seals of the Netherlands. Schleswig-Holstein and Denmark, which were found dead, showed tha particularly the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in seals of the Netherlands were significantly higher than they were in German and Danish animals. The epidemiological and experimental findings on the characteristics of these contaminants, in conjunction with the high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls and the decrease in reproduction of seals in the Netherlands, led to the hypothesis that polychlorinated biphenyls are the cause of diminished fertility of seals in the Netherlands. PMID- 6808699 TI - HLA-DR antigens and the rubella-specific immune response in man. AB - Several genetic markers, HLA-A, B and DR antigens, Gm and Km types, and ABO blood types, were studied on 78 rubella seronegative schoolgirls immunized with "TO336" rubella vaccine. A marked association was found between an HLA haplotype, HLA Aw24-Bw52-DRHO, and the low antibody responsiveness to rubella virus. The association with the DR antigen was thought to be primary to those with the HLA-A or B antigens, suggesting that the gene(s) controlling the low responsiveness to rubella might be located near the HLA-DR locus in the human 6th chromosome. There was no statistically significant association between Gm, Km or ABO blood types and the rubella specific immune responsiveness as far as the primary in vivo antibody response was concerned. PMID- 6808700 TI - Anticoagulant activity of dermatan polysulfates. AB - It has been found that dermatan polysulfates (DPS) I, II and III isolated from hagfish notochord, hagfish skin and shark skin, respectively, and chemically sulfated dermatan sulfate exhibit considerable anticoagulant activity in the "activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)" system. On comparing the activities with the various compositions, including disaccharide units produced by the digestion with chondroitinase-ABC, it was shown that the activity of these dermatan polysulfates depends not only on the total sulfate content but also on the content of sulfated L-iduronic acid residues. The activity seemed to decrease for molecular weight of below 10,000. The effect of these dermatan polysulfates on th inactivation of the clotting enzymes, factor Xa and thrombin, by antithrombin II (AT-III) was also studied using chromogenic substrates for the assay of the enzyme activities. The dermatan polysulfates showed an inhibitory effect on thrombin-AT-III, as estimated by the APTT assay, in contrast with the effect on factor Xa-AT-III which was found to be very small. PMID- 6808703 TI - The autonomy of prolactin secretion in patients with prolactin producing tumor. AB - To examine the responsiveness of prolactin (PRL) secretion in patients with PRL producing tumor (PRL-noma), TRH (500 micrograms), arginine (0.5 g/kg, b. wt.), and sulpiride (100 mg) were administered to 13 patients with PRL-noma. Seven of these patients responded to TRH or other agents with an increase in their plasma PRL levels of 50% or more above the basal values (categorized as Group I). The remaining six patients, however, showed no response to any of these agents (categorized as Group II). After the administration of L-dopa (500 mg, p.o.), Group I patients showed significantly greater decreases in plasma PRL (-68.9 +/- 6.6%) from the basal value than did Group II (-37.4 +/- 8.6%; p less than 0.02). The mean basal PRL levels were higher in Group II than in Group I, although these differences failed to reach statistical significance. Moreover, there were no differences in age, sellar volume, or the presence of bitemporal hemianopsia between the two groups of patients. It is concluded that there are two patterns of PRL-secretory responses to pharmacological stimuli in patients with PRL-noma. The differences between the two patterns might be characterized by the properties of the lactotroph cells themselves rather than by the relation of these cells to the hypothalamus. PMID- 6808704 TI - Development of a hemolytic assay for mouse complement components in sera and the variation of their levels with age. AB - The hemolytic activity of C1, C4, C2 and C3-9 of mouse complement in serum could be measured by using each intermediate cells with guinea pig or human complement components. C3 was assayed by immune adherence. Sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) sensitized with rabbit IgM antibody produced no or feeble lysis in the assay for C4 and C2, whereas SRBC sensitized with IgG antibody or unfractionated antiserum did significant lysis. Using these assays, the activity of each component in sera of several H-2 congenic strains was examined. The age-dependent changes of each component levels in BALB/c mice of both sexes were also examined. The differences in levels of C4 and C2 in sera from several strains were not significant in both sexes, while the levels of C3-9 were higher in males than in females. The levels of each component increased with age. The levels of C4 activity and the Ss protein showed good correlation in males but not in females. The correlation between the levels of C3-9 activity and the MuB1 protein was detected in both sexes. PMID- 6808705 TI - Effects of amine substances on susceptibility of cells to agglutination by concanavalin A and on paracrystal formation by vinblastine in untransformed 3T3 cells. AB - The effects of a secondary amine (ketamine), tertiary amines (dibucaine, lidocaine, marcaine, propanidid, diazepam and chlorpromazine) and a quaternary amine (tetraethylammonium bromide, TEA) on mouse 3T3 cell agglutination by concanavalin A (Con A), on patch formation of Con A receptors on the cell surface, and on paracrystal formation by vinblastine in cytoplasm were studied. These amines enhanced the cell agglutination at low concentrations of Con A, as did the mixture of colchicine and cytochalasin B. Ca++, applied extracellularly, inhibited the effects of these amines on cell agglutination by Con A. The patch formation of Con A receptors on the cell surface as revealed by fluoresceinated Con A was enhanced by these amines. Ketamine, dibucaine and TEA inhibited the paracrystal formation in cytoplasm, as did Ca++ ionophores such as A-23187 and X 537-A. These results suggest that the amines tested affect the fluidity of Con A receptors by impairment of cell membrane structural proteins and result in the increase of the susceptibility of cells to agglutination by Con A. PMID- 6808701 TI - Carbonic anhydrase isozymes of red blood cells in surgically treated hyperthyroidism. AB - Red blood cells of 22 patients with hyperthyroidism and 4 recurrence cases were fractionated into 2 groups of young and old red cells with Ficoll 400. Carbonic anhydrase B (CA B) and C (CA C) of each young and old red cells were measured by means of single radial immunodiffusion. CA B levels of young and old red cells of untreated patients were 4.8 +/- 1.8 (mean +/- S.D) mg/g Hb and 5.6 +/- 1.8 mg/g Hb, respectively. After administration of methimazol for about one month, the CA B level of young red cells slightly increased (7.0 +/- 1.8 mg/g Hb), then the patients were submitted to subtotal thyroidectomy. CA B levels of young (12.0 +/- 1.8 mg/g Hb) and old red cells (9.4 +/- 1.8 mg/g Hb) were not normalized one month after the treatment though high levels of serum thyroid hormone rapidly decreased after the operation. A period of 2 to 6 months was further required to return to normal levels of young (15.2 +/- 1.7 mg/g Hb) and old red cells (15.1 +/- 1.6 mg/g Hb). Although almost all the investigators reported that CA C did not diminish in hyperthyroidism, CA C levels of young and old red cells were 78 per cent and 88 per cent of the normal levels, respectively. PMID- 6808702 TI - Higher excretion of urinary bound amino acids in infants: probably related to protein-anabolic effect of growth hormone. AB - Concentrations of bound amino acids in urine were found to be markedly higher in infants than in children over 4 years of age. And it was also found that bound amino acid levels in plasma were increased in infants and young children than in adults. Urinary excretion of bound amino acids was increased in hypopituitary dwarf after one day of intramuscular injection of human growth hormone. A possibility was advanced that an increased excretion of bound amino acids of the overflow type observed in infants was due to active protein biosynthesis stimulated by growth hormone of which plasma levels have been reported to be high in infancy. PMID- 6808706 TI - Chemical softness and acute metal toxicity in mice and Drosophila. PMID- 6808707 TI - A new type of toxin in the venom of snakes of the genus Atractaspis (Atractaspidinae). AB - The venom of Atractaspis is unique in having a large percentage of both high and low molecular weight components. Its Sephadex G-50 S5 fraction appears to represent a new type of toxin that contains 17-18 Asx, 13-14 Cys and 10-11 Glx out of a total of 72-78 amino acids. The N-terminal of this toxin does not seem to resemble any of the known toxins. The overall lethal potency of the venom is very high; i.v. injections of 5 microgram of venom or 1 microgram of fractions S5 or S6 per mouse causes death within minutes. The results of the present study corroborate previous findings that suggested a separate grouping of the snakes genus Atractaspis at the subfamilial or familial level. PMID- 6808708 TI - Effects of tityustoxin (TsTX) from scorpion venom on the release and synthesis of acetylcholine in brain slices. AB - Tityustoxin (TsTX) increased the release and synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh) in slices of rat brain hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, cortex and striatum. The effect was highest in slices of hippocampus and cortex and smallest in hypothalamus. These effects of TsTX were dependent on the presence of Na+ and Ca2+ in the incubation medium. EGTA, 0.1 mM, blocked the effect of TsTX in all areas, except for the hippocampus and frontal striatum, where a concentration of 10 mM was required. Tetrodotoxin blocked the increase in the release and synthesis of ACh induced by tityustoxin. PMID- 6808709 TI - Effect of model vascular trauma on the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes of the neonatal rat. AB - Abdominal aorta ligation in neonatal rats was used as a model for pediatric traumatic injury. Short-term ischemic trauma (24 h) was found to have significant effect on plasma corticosterone levels, and on the specific activity of the drug metabolizing enzymes FAD-containing monooxygenase and glucuronyl transferase in hepatic microsomes. Ischemic injury was determined to cause a decrease in FAD containing monooxygenase activity in pre-weaning animals. Glucuronyl transferase activity was increased by this surgical procedure in animals less than 12 days age, and after weaning; however, glucuronyl transferase activity was decreased by this model in rats between 14 days of age and weaning. PMID- 6808712 TI - [Practical application of optimization criteria for geometrical distributions of irradiation doses. II. Comparison between Co-60 radiation and 15 MeV photon radiation of a linear accelerator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808711 TI - The effects of two chelating agents on smear layer removal from cavity preparations: an in vivo study. PMID- 6808710 TI - Purification, properties and identification of a serum DNA binding protein (64DP) and its microheterogeneity. AB - A DNA binding protein with a molecular weight of 64,000, designated 64DP, has been purified and characterized. This protein was isolated from adult human pooled serum by DEAE Sephadex column Chromatography, DNA cellulose affinity column chromatography, ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The final preparation of 64DP was homogeneous, as judged from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with or without sodium dodecyl sulfate and sedimentation experiments. Physicochemical and immunochemical properties of this protein were very similar or identical to those of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin with some differences in electric mobility and th pattern of isoelectric focusing. Furthermore, the general properties of 64DP from various sera were practically similar with the exception that isolectric focusing analysis showed microheterogeneity among 64DP purified from various sera. PMID- 6808713 TI - [Determination of the species specificity of blood proteins by a radial immunodiffusion in gel method]. PMID- 6808714 TI - Interaction between valproic acid and carbamazepine: an in vitro study of protein binding. AB - Valproic acid (VPA) is highly bound to plasma protein (92-96%) and is likely to compete with carbamazepine (CBZ), another drug that is bound extensively (75%). CBZ protein binding was evaluated in vitro by ultrafiltration at concentrations within the therapeutic range (6, 8, and 12 micrograms/ml), while also varying VPA concentrations (0, 50, and 100 micrograms/ml). Using ultrafiltration, we found a significant elevation (p less than 0.01) in free and percent-free CBZ for every CBZ concentration tested as the total VPA concentration increased. Maximal effect was evident at 12 micrograms/ml CBZ. The free fraction increased from 23.5% free CBZ controls (2.85% micrograms/ml free) to 29.5% free CBZ (3.56% micrograms/ml free), with 100 micrograms/ml VPA a 25% increase in free CBZ. This in vitro study demonstrates that VPA competes with CBZ for plasma protein binding sites, resulting in a significant increase in free CBZ that may be clinically important. PMID- 6808715 TI - Specific determination of pentamethylmelamine and its demethylated metabolites in human plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Pentamethylmelamine (PMM) and its demethylated metabolites tetra-N2246, tri-N246 and tri-N224 have comparable relative antitumor potencies in animal systems. We have developed a sensitive and specific high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay for these compounds in the plasma of patients receiving pentamethylmelamine, a cytotoxic S-triazine derivative now undergoing clinical trials. The method involves analysis of an ethyl acetate extract of plasma by a high pressure liquid chromatograph containing a reverse-phase column and ultraviolet detection at 240 nm. The mobile phase is acetonitrile and KH2PO4 buffer (pH 5.5); gradient elution over 25 min yields relative retention times to hexamethylmelamine as internal standard of 0.36, 0.40, 0.54 and 0.70 for tri N246, tri-N224, tetra-N2246 and PMM. The lower limit of sensitivity for each is 300 ng/ml. Pharmacokinetic studies on four patients receiving a 24-h infusion of PMM (doses 900-3000 mg/m2) showed a mean terminal half-life of PMM of 101 +/- 28 (SD) min, a mean volume of distribution of 2036 +/- 75 ml/kg, and a metabolic clearance rate of 14.2 +/- 3.7 (ml/min)/kg. Mean areas under the plasma-vs-time curves of tri-N246, tri-N224 and tetra-N2246 were 126%, 41% and 56% of PPM, demonstrating extensive formation of these metabolites in man. PMID- 6808716 TI - Monitoring free valproic acid in epilepsy patients medicated with coanticonvulsants. AB - Methodology for monitoring free valproic acid (VPA) and experimental proof of intrapatient in vivo diurnally and disproportionately variable free VPA fractions has recently been reported. An inherent assumption in accepting therapeutic VPA plasma levels to be 50-100 micrograms/ml is that free fractions remain constant. This assumption is no longer tenable. Therefore, monitoring only VPA plasma levels could be misleading. The serial 9-h time-course (7 a.m. 0 10-1-4 p.m.) of free versus plasma VPA levels was investigated in 24 patients. Limits for diurnal fluctuations were (mean +/- SD): Group A (n = 14); 49.0 mg/kg; multiple equal dosing: Free VPA (micrograms/ml) 6.06 (1.55 to 12.62 (4.89), plasma VPA (micrograms/ml) 52.9 (11.6) to 84.2 (21.3), percent free VPA 11.5 (1.8) to 14.9 (2.5). Group B (n = 10); 30.6 mg/kg; b.i.d.: 12.0 (2.4) mg/kg a.m. and 18.7 (3.3) mg/kg p.m.: Free VPA 5.53 (1.04) to 9.92 (1.51), plasma VPA 52.0 (7.3) to 79.2 (9.6), percent free VPA 10.7 (1.6) to 12.5 (0.8). Reducing the dosage by 19 mg/kg (A to B) decreased VPA plasma levels by 6.9% nd free VPA levels by 28.9%. For B: y = 8.15 + 4.03 x; n = 10, r = 0.954, Sy.x = 1.38, when x = steady-state (7 a.m.) free VPA concentration and y = VPA mg/kg/day. The findings suggest that multiple dosing is unnecessary. Similar plasma levels with far less diurnal fluctuations of free levels are achievable by a smaller drug dose with approximately two thirds of total daily dose being administered in the evening and one-third in the morning. PMID- 6808717 TI - Genetic control of recovery from visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6808718 TI - Host genetics and tropical disease. PMID- 6808719 TI - Assessment of the optimal anticoagulant solution for storage of whole blood samples prior to measurement of platelet-associated IgG. AB - The complexity of assays used to measure platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) often requires blood samples to be sent to a central laboratory, In order to determine the optimal storage conditions, we measured PAIgG, platelet recovery, and platelet size serially over several days in whole blood samples obtained from healthy individuals. Blood was collected into EDTA, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) and citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine (CPD-A) with and without the fixative paraformaldehyde (P). The level of PAIgG remained with normal limits in all samples stored for up to six days in the ACD, the CPD-A and the CPD-A-P samples. The least drop in platelet count and change in platelet size occurred in the ACD and CPD-A samples. Blood collected into EDTA plus paraformaldehyde was less satisfactory, with PAIgG rising by day three in some samples, and a decline in the platelet count occurring by day two. Specimens collected into EDTA alone were least satisfactory, with a rise in PAIgG by 24 hours after collection. Collection of whole blood into either ACD or CPD-A and storage at 22 degrees C allows a good recovery of platelets whose level of PAIgG is unchanged for up to six days. PMID- 6808721 TI - Analysis of antibody production induced by allogeneic tumor cells inoculated into the anterior chamber of the eye. AB - Humoral immune responses to alloantigens on P815 mastocytoma cells placed into the anterior chamber of murine eyes were studied. The results show that: (1) the amount of specific serum antibody produced by recipients of intracamerally injected P815 cells is directly proportional to the degree of immunogenetic disparity between the recipient and the injected cells; (2) destruction of allogeneic intraocular tumors is mediated, at least in part, by specific antibodies; and (3) retention of allogeneic tissue within the anterior chamber for 3 to 4 days after inoculation is essential to the elicitation of specific antibody formation. We conclude that alloantigens introduced into the anterior chamber are presented to the systemic immune apparatus in a very unique manner resulting in the preferential stimulation of specific antibody production without awakening specific cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6808722 TI - Characterization of lymphocytes from rejected and nonrejected islet xenografts. AB - A procedure is described for obtaining lymphocytes from xenografts of rat islets transplanted beneath the renal capsule of diabetic mice. In acute rejection of transplants of fresh rat islets, the lymphoid reaction was composed of 90% T lymphocytes with a predominance of Ly-2 cells. The Ly-2 cells were presumably cytotoxic T lymphocytes. On the other hand, if the islets are pretreated to avoid rejection, by culture in 95% O2 and administration of antilymphocyte serum to the recipients, the lymphocytes that are attracted by the graft are quite different. First, the percentage of T lymphocytes decreased, although they continue to be the most common cell. Second, however, the Ly phenotype was altered. Early after transplantation the Ly-2 population was decreased relative to Ly-1 cells. By day 70, the proportion of Ly-2 cells had returned to that of infiltrates actively rejecting the grafts, even though no rejection was evident. It is possible that the Ly-2+ cells present in nonrejected, established islet xenografts may be suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 6808723 TI - Prolongation of islet xenograft survival by in vitro culture of rat megaislets in 95% O2. AB - Individual rat islets could be aggregated into single megaislets in vitro and the megaislets remained morphologically and functionally intact after a 7-day period of culture in the presence of 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Cultured rat megaislets transplanted beneath the renal capsule of diabetic mice produced normoglycemia in the recipients and the survival of the xenografts was markedly prolonged by the 7 day exposure of a high oxygen tension. A single injection of antilymphocyte sera to mouse and rat lymphocytes into the recipients receiving cultured megaislets did not produce a further increase in the percentage of survival of the grafts at 70 days after transplantation. Lymphoid aggregates were present around xenografts of cultured negaislets at 60 and 90 days after transplantation. This lymphoid reaction did not interfere with the function of the xenografts since the recipients were normoglycemic and removal of the grafts resulted in a rapid return to a diabetic state. Intraportal and intrasplenic transplants of cultured rat megaislets did not survive as long as the xenografts of megaislets transplanted beneath the renal capsule. The renal subcapsule site apparently provided some immunological advantage for delaying acute rejection since transplants of individual, fresh rat islets survived for twice as long under the renal capsule as compared wtih intraportal transplants of fresh rat islets. PMID- 6808724 TI - Correlation of early acute rejection episodes with long-term renal transplant outcome. PMID- 6808720 TI - Serum alanine aminotransferase in blood donors: activity distribution and effect of phenotype. AB - Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) phenotype and serum activities were determined in 200 random volunteer blood donors. Serum enzyme activities were not significantly affected by the ALT phenotype (p greater than 0.1). Studies on 500 random volunteer blood donors showed significant differences in serum ALT levels between male and female donors (p less than 0.001). Elevated serum ALT levels were more commonly found in male donors; the frequency of male donors with levels of 45 IU/l or higher was 2.5 percent compared with 0.9 percent in female donors. The frequency of donors with serum ALT levels of 80 IU/l or higher was 0.6 percent of the total donor population sampled. PMID- 6808725 TI - Immunological aspects of Theileria annulata infection calves. 2. Production of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) by sensitized lymphocytes from Theileria annulata-infected calves. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from calves infected experimentally with a stabilate of Theileria annulate, produced a factor which inhibited the migration of macrophages. This was first demonstrated against schizont antigen in some animals on day 8 post infection while in the others on day 12. The highest activity of the macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) was recorded on day 12 in some of the infected animals and on day 16 in the others, whereas on day 30 or more MIF was demonstrable. The MIF was also demonstrated against piroplasm antigen. 64 days after the first infection, the recovered calves were challenged with the homologous strain. It was found that PBLs from all challenged calves were able to produce MIF against both, schizont and piroplasm antigen. These results indicate occurrence of sensitized lymphocytes as effector cells of cell mediated immunity to T. annulata infection. PMID- 6808726 TI - A diagnostic skin test for Onchocerca volvulus infection. AB - Onchocerca supernatant (OS) was prepared by a technique permitting live microfilariae to migrate from nodule tissue through agar gel into sterile Hanks balanced salt/Penicillin-Streptomycin solution where they metabolized. The OS, after dialysis, was passed through Seitz viral filter and either concentrated or lyophilized. Using rabbit antiserum in immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis tests, microfilariae proteins and also human protein were detected in out OS. No common antigens were found between this and somatic extracts of Loa loa, O. gutturosa, O. volvulus, L. carinii, D. immittis and A. lumbricoides. 125I labelled OS was purified by passage through protein A column and then through immunosorbent column of horse anti-human serum linked to CNB-activated sepharose 4B. Autoradiography, after sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacylamide slab gel eletrophoresis of purified OS, showed 10 protein bands in the molecular range 10,000 to 125,000. Skin prick tests with OS, shown not to be contaminated with Hepatitis B antigens, elicited immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Using our criteria, positive reactions were seen in 81% of proven onchocerca cases and only occasionally in Loasis 4.5%, ascaridiasis 13.5% or healthy controls 2.4%. The poor skin reactivity to OS in loasis was not due to immunosuppression as these patients, when also infested with ascaris, reacted just as well as onchocerca patients with ascaris to skin prick test using somatic extracts of ascaris. PMID- 6808727 TI - Electron microscopical study on the effect of halofuginone on Theileria parva. AB - The effect of halofuginone (Stenorol) on schizonts of Theileria parva was studied by means of the electron microscope. After administration of 1,2 mg halofuginone per kg, it was observed that infected lymphocytes burst apart, whereas the intracellular parasites were at first little affected, showing some expansion of the perinuclear spaces. Once they were released from the cells, the schizonts degenerated completely. Apparently they are not capable of surviving outside the host cells. Probably this is due to the lack of a pellicle, which is characteristic for motile (i.e. normally extracellular) stages. The destruction of parasitized host cells occurred very rapidly, so that no infected cells could be observed 126 h after treatment. Uninfected lymphocytes were not affected by the drug. PMID- 6808729 TI - [Lactate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster ontogeny]. AB - The ontogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster displays changes in the activity of LDH and a redistribution of the enzyme electrophoretic fractions. The results obtained show that the changes in the electrophoretic spectrum of LDH occur at the level of isoenzymes and multiple molecular forms, which is in full accord with the assumption on the existence of two genes of LDH and suggests their regulation at both the gene level and posttranslation modifications. PMID- 6808728 TI - The response of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle types to inoculation of lymphoblastoid cell lines infected with Theileria parva schizonts. AB - In a preliminary experiment eight Bos indicus type cattle were inoculated with 10(9) cells of a Bos taurus lymphoblastoid cell line infected with Theileria parva schizonts. Four cattle showed patent infections and one died of theileriosis. On challenge of the surviving cattle with a tick derived stabilate of the same stock of T. parva no animal died of theileriosis. To test the susceptibility of Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to cell lines of both cattle types infected with T. parva of the same stock, 10(9) cells of each cattle type were inoculated into five cattle of each type. Bos taurus cattle had a higher susceptibility to infection regardless of the origin of the donor cells. Two Bos taurus type cattle receiving Bos taurus cells died of theileriosis while none receiving Bos indicus cattle died. Both cattle types were more susceptible to infection with cells derived from their own cattle type. All surviving Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle were immune to lethal stabilate challenge. The possibility that the histocompatibility type of the donor cells influences the success of the immunization is discussed. PMID- 6808730 TI - [Effect of the lymphocyte storage conditions on the frequency of chromosome aberrations induced by continuous and fractionated thiophosphamide action]. PMID- 6808731 TI - [Changes in tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the rat liver after a single injection of the hepatocarcinogen 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene and its noncarcinogenic analog]. AB - A single injection of hepatocarcinogen 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene in rats results in considerable changes of tryptophanpyrrolase of the liver. A non-carcinogenic analog 4-diethylaminoazobenzene causes similar, although a milder shift. The observed injury of definitive hepatocytes and proliferation of oval and transition cells, due to the toxic effect of both the agents, may be one of the causes of changes in tryptophan pyrrolase activity. PMID- 6808732 TI - Haemorrhagic septicemia carrier status of cattle and buffaloes in Sri Lanka. PMID- 6808733 TI - Successful treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis: report on a pediatric patient. PMID- 6808734 TI - [Properties of immobilized glucoamylase preparations]. AB - The glucoamylase activity was compared with certain properties of glucoamylase preparations immobilized on silochrome and obtained with the use of glucoendomycopsin G15x, gluconigrin G20x and Asp, awamori 466 culture fluid as sources of native enzymes and 2,4-toluylendiisocyanate, cyanurchloride, glutaric aldehyde and gossypol as cross-linking agents. The most active immobilization of the enzyme by silanized silochrome is obtained when the Asp, awamori 466 culture fluid is used as soluble glucoamylase and gossypol--as a cross-linking agent. PMID- 6808735 TI - Occurrence of tubuloreticular inclusions in acute viral hepatitis. AB - Light and electron microscopy were used to study the liver needle-biopsy material of 20 patients with acute viral hepatitis. According to clinical and serologic data, 5 cases proved to be acute viral hepatitis type A, 13 were type B, and 2 were type non-A/non-B. In 2 of the hepatitis type A, in 6 of the hepatitis type B, and in one of the type non-A/non-B cases, tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) were found in the endoplasmic reticulum of the sinusoidal endothelial cells of the liver. These data support the possible presumption that the inclusions represent a characteristic reaction of the endoplasmic reticulum to different influences, as for example to viral infection, rather than to the virus itself. PMID- 6808736 TI - Effects of ultrasound on Drosophila--IV. Pulsed exposures of eggs. AB - Drosophila larvae are damaged by exposures to low temporal average intensity pulsed ultrasound with peak intensities of 10-20W/cm2 (2 MHz). Eggs of the same organism are affected by exposures to 3W/cm2 c.w. ultrasound. This experiment shows that eggs become sensitive to high peak intensity (50-100 W/cm2) pulsed ultrasound only shortly before hatching. At this age the larvae have formed and have taken air into the respiratory system. This observation supports the postulate that the sites of action of the ultrasound are the small stabilized gas bodies within the organisms. PMID- 6808737 TI - Rhabdomyolysis. PMID- 6808738 TI - [Use of immobilized bacterial proteases to prolong enzyme therapy of purulent surgical diseases]. PMID- 6808739 TI - [Surgical treatment of developmental defects of the biliary tract in children]. AB - Analysis of the surgical treatment of 212 children is given. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 158 children with atresia of bile ducts, 29 children with abnormality of the cervix-duct segment of the gall bladder and 25 children with cystic transformation of the choledochus. Indications for the operation were as follows: stable mechanical jaundice, recurrent pain syndrome in deformity of the gall bladder and alternating jaundice with a formation present in the subhepatic space. The successful treatment was found to depend on early detection of the defect and rational choice of the operation method. PMID- 6808740 TI - Surgery of the esophagus. PMID- 6808741 TI - Hormones in cancer therapy. PMID- 6808743 TI - [Concentration of selenium in the blood of young cattle in relation to age and season]. AB - The concentration of selenium in the blood serum of heifers was studied for 22 months with special regard to the effect of age and year season. New-born calves were found to have a sufficiently high concentration of selenium (1.26 mumol/l). At weaning time the selenium concentration level was reduced significantly. The year season influenced serum selenium concentration levels and the reaction was positive during the grazing season. The lowest average values of serum selenium were obtained in the period from February to April (1.77 mumol/l). PMID- 6808742 TI - [Thyroxine and progesterone levels in cows and heifers after administration of Oestrophan (Spofa) in the luteal phase of the cycle]. AB - Thyroxine and progesterone levels were studied in cows and heifers in the luteal stage of the cycle after the application of the synthetic analogue of prostaglandine of group F2 alpha: Oestrophan Spofa. The preparation was administered at a rate of 0.5 mg in 2 ml per animal. The thyroxine and progesterone levels were determined radioimmunologically. The administration of Oestrophan led to a reduction in the progesterone level from the initial value of 17.33 +/- 2.73 nmol/l of serum to 7.69 +/- 1.17 nmol/l of serum an hour after the application, followed by slow decrease below the value 1.59 +/- 0.22 nmol/l of serum at the 24th hour. The initial levels of thyroxine with the average values of 122.11 +/- 23.41 nmol/l of serum were comparatively high. An hour from application of the preparation, a significant decrease to the average levels of 88.14 +/- 16.26 nmol/l of serum (P less than 0.05) was recorded with a significant negative correlation. The correlation coefficient r = -83316, P less than 0.01. The thyroxine level decreases to the values of 24.20 +/- 9.26 nmol/l of serum and 24.12 +/- 6.68 nmol/l of serum, P less than 0.01, at the 52nd to 56th hour, i. e. at the time when the pre-ovulation peak of oestrogens can be expected. A statistically significant correlation--even despite the fact that a highly significant decline in thyroxine and progesterone had been observed--was recorded in none of the cases in the subsequent period of study, except the first hour. It can be assumed from the results that the thyroid hormones are among the links acting at more levels of the regulatory biological circuit responsible for the physiological course of ovulation and reproduction process. PMID- 6808744 TI - [The cerebral cortex blood supply in calves in relation to the cerebrocortical necrosis syndrome]. AB - A number of methods (postmortal injection with China ink-gelatine, plastic substances, preparation, corrosive casts, angiography) were tested to study the supply of blood to the cerebrum with special regard to blood neopallia. The study was performed on 19 calves of the Bohemian Spotted breed and on crossbreeds from the late foetal period until the age of four months post natum. The cerebral arteries have a relatively high plasticity. The anastomotic system undergoes its morphological, functional and topographic differentiation in the central and peripheral region. Some data on a. ethmoidalis interna, a. communicans rostralis and a. marginalis are corrected and a. cerebri rostralis media and a. meningea rostralis are given a new description. The distribution areas of cortex arteries whose contact regions correspond with the location of lesions in CCN-affected calves are delimited. The obtained results are of substantial importance for the study and understanding of the pathogenesis of changes in cases of the occurrence of the so-called bovine CCN syndrome, which is gaining urgency mainly in large stocks. PMID- 6808745 TI - [Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane pockets in lymphoid cells in cattle]. AB - In comparison with the cells of lymphoreticular tissue in a normal lymph node, the lymphoid cells of a tumorous lymph node in cattle suffering from lymphatic leucaemia show a high occurrence of nuclear pockets. The pockets protrude above the nucleus surface and contain cytoplasmic particles. The wall of a nuclear pocket on the outer side of the nucleus consists of two complete nuclear membranes with an inter-layer of highly condensed heterochromatin. The structure of the nuclear pocket wall documents the origin of the pockets from secondary connection of the plicae of the nuclear membrane and enclosing of part of cytoplasm in the pocket. PMID- 6808746 TI - [Proteolytic microorganisms in liver products]. AB - Liver products were studied for the content of proteolytic microorganisms during production and storage. Their number was at the lowest level in products of thermal processing (10(5) per g on the average). Storage at a refrigerator and room temperature increased this level to the average values of 10(6) to 8.10(6) per g. Isolated colonies of proteolytic microorganisms were included in the following genera: Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, Escherichia, Alcaligenes, Bacillus and Staphylococcus. The content of ammonia was studied at the same time; ammonia was found to be in correlation with the numbers of proteolytes in the raw material and in the stored products. PMID- 6808748 TI - [Dynamics of the incidence of coccidiosis in calves in 4 breeding cycles at the Stara Hlina cattle farm]. PMID- 6808747 TI - [Dynamics of selenium in the blood of cows during the year and in pregnancy]. PMID- 6808749 TI - [Concentration of plasma testosterone in adult roosters of a low-weight strain]. AB - The levels of blood-plasma testosterone were studied in the adult light bodied strain cocks. Blood was sampled (1 ml) from the wing vein by means of a heparinized syringe six times within a 24-hour interval. The plasma obtained by centrifugation was kept in a refrigerator at a temperature of --18 degrees C. Testosterone was determined by the radioimmunological method. The testosterone levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.001), 18.8 nmol/l on the average, in the blood samples taken during the dark period of the day (10 o'clock p.m., 2 and 6 o'clock a.m.) than in the samples taken in the light part of the day (8 and 10 o'clock a.m., 2 o'clock p.m.) when the average concentration of the studied hormone was 10.7 nmol/l of plasma. the lowest levels of testosterone were recorded in the morning and the highest values were recorded late in the evening (10 o'clock p.m.). The differences in the levels of the hormone between sampling terms indicate that the testosterone level in adult animals shows diurnal variances. It was found by the study of the concentration of testosterone in the blood plasma of the same individuals within short intervals of time (30-60 min) that testosterone secretion in adult cocks had a pulsatory manner. The evaluation of hormone levels should include not only the diurnal variances but also the pulsatory manner of testosterone secretion. PMID- 6808750 TI - [Experimental induction of the cutaneous form of Marek's disease in broilers]. AB - Straight-run chickens of the Ross broiler hybrid were experimentally infected with the skin homogenates of sound broilers, broilers conditionally edible, and broilers confiscated for alternations in skin. The chickens infected with the homogenates of healthy skin were negative in the Marek's disease test. In 17% of the chickens infected with the skin from the conditionally edible broilers, macroscopically observable cutaneous lesions were induced and 60% of the infected chickens had microscopic changes in the skin; visceral organs were always affected by the infection. In the chickens infected with the skin of a confiscated bird, the long storage exerted its unfavourable effect and the infected birds were negative in the Marek's disease test. Our results indicate that the active form of Marek's disease was induced. PMID- 6808751 TI - [The red blood picture in male nutria in the post-natal period]. AB - Blood was sampled by heart puncture from healthy male coypus of ten age categories (from 1 to 300 days). The basic haematological values of the red blood picture were determined in these samples. including the erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit reading, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular volume. The summarized mathematico-statistical characteristics were calculated from the values obtained in each group and the significance of differences was determined by the analysis of variance at significance levels of P = 0.01 and P = 0.05. PMID- 6808752 TI - [Physical and chemical effect of reducing histamine levels in the meat of mackerel-type fish and its application in the manufacture of fish products]. AB - The processing of fish (mackerels) with the potential ability of producing histamine leads to the production of hygienically unsafe food. Elimination of histamine production in fish food in the process of the technological production procedure was studied. The stability of histamine in model systems and in mackerel muscle was studied as influenced by temperature. Histamine was demonstrated to be thermally stable. Efforts to use the possibility of deamination reaction of histamine decomposition by means of plant and animal diaminooxidase failed, nor is it possible to recommend the use of the reaction between histamine and sodium nitrite, which was tested as a procedure of the degradation of histamine in the muscle of mackerels. The reduction of histamine content was negligible and the nutritive value of fish muscle decreased owing to the breakdown of amino acids. PMID- 6808753 TI - [25 years of the Veterinary Research Institute in Brno]. PMID- 6808754 TI - [Determination of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum compound toxicity in pigs from the viewpoint of pathomorphology]. AB - The study is a part of the clinical testing of the cytostatic preparation PLATIDIAM --Lachema with cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum complex (cis/DDP) as an active ingredient. The organs and tissues of 18 test pigs weighing 31 to 55 kg were subjected to the patho-morphological examination. The animals had been given experimentally the test cytostatic preparation Platidiam at a rate of 2.5 and 4.0 mg cis-DDP per kg 1. w. with and without hydration of their organisms. Severe changes were recorded in the kidneys of the pigs given the toxic doses of cis-DDP (4 mg/kg l. w.). The most frequent finding was that of cylindrical protein blocks in renal tubules combined with hyalinization of tubule cells. Optical microscopy of marrow showed vacuolization of epithelium and peeling off of epithelium layers. In some cases the dystrophic changes in renal tubules even led to necrotization of epithelium. No such changes were observed in the remaining animals given the therapeutic doses (2.5 mg/kg l. w.) nor in the controls. The findings on other organs cannot be associated with the toxicity of cis/DDP. PMID- 6808755 TI - [The effect of the infective inoculum on the development of pathological changes in the skin of chickens with Marek's disease]. AB - Three groups of straight-run chickens were infected. The first group was infected with the homogenate of the skin of conditionally edible broilers, the second group was infected aerogenically by dust from halls with permanently high occurrence of Marek's disease, and the third with feather homogenate from experimental chickens with positive Marek's disease tests. All the chickens were killed in weekly intervals up to the age of eight weeks. The dynamics of the development of pathological changes was studied in the skin, ischiadic nerves, central lymphatic organs, and spleen in order to see whether different inocula or changes in central lymphatic organs would influence the occurrence of cutaneous and visceral lesions. The results indicate that the kind of infective inoculum does not influence the rise of cutaneous changes and that the central lymphatic organs have no substantial effect on the occurrence of the cutaneous form of Marek's disease; they are involved more significantly in the rise of changes in visceral organs. An exceptional finding was a neoplasm under the skin of the neck, histologically consisting of neoplastically proliferating lymphoid, reticular, fibrocytic and myxoid elements. The study also indicates that changes in the skin, nerves and in some cases also in bursa Fabricii are important for diagnostic practice particularly in dubious cases of Marek's disease. PMID- 6808756 TI - [The origin and transport of chylomicrons in enterocytes in chickens]. AB - After peroral administration of sunflower oil to chick old 14 to 23 days, the rise and passage of chylomicrons were studied electronoptically in the enterocytes of the small intestine. Enterocytes resynthetize the absorbed monoglycerides and fatty acids into neutral fat in the profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in multivesicular corpuscles in the form of chylomicrons and loose cytoplasmic fat drops in their apical part. The finishing and transport of chylomicrons in the enterocyte are the result of the activity of granular endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. Exocytose carries chylomicrons from enterocytes to intercellular space of the epithelium from where they pass the basal membrane of the epithelium and then, carried by pinocytose, they pass into the lumen of the blood and chyle capillaries. No morphological manifestations of fat absorption in the other cell types of intestinal epithelium (goblet cells, argyrophil cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes) were demonstrated. PMID- 6808757 TI - [Non-enzymatic browning reaction of histamine and D-glucose and its use in the manufacture of fish products]. AB - The reaction between histamine and D-glucose was studied in model systems at different pH values and at histamine concentration of 0.002 M and D-glucose concentration of 0.01 M. Further, the histamine--D-glucose reaction was studied at the physiological pH value of fish muscle, i. e. 6.6 (histamine concentration 0.005 M, D-glucose concentration 0.122 M). During this reaction the original histamine level decreased by 70%. The measurement of reaction kinetics demonstrated that a first-order reaction was involved with a velocity constant of 5.75 . 10(-2).h-1. The summarized formula of the produced brown pigment- (C12H15O6N)n was determined by the elementary analysis of the products of the reaction between histamine and D-glucose. Three unknown substances were found in the reaction mixture by means of thin-layer chromatography. On the basis of the measurement of the mass spectrum, one of these substances was identified as 5 methyl-2-furancarboxylic acid. The effect of metals (Sn, Fe) on the mentioned reaction manifested itself as an increase in reaction velocity in the case of an addition of metallic iron--velocity constant k = 9.6 . 10(-2).h-1. After the addition of D-glucose, the histamine level in histamine-containing mackerel muscle decreased by 24--65% down from the original amount at temperatures 100- 130 degrees C. Further, a technological experiment with the preservation of histamine-containing mackerel muscle was performed, 6% of D-glucose being added to the muscle. After 217 days of the storage of cans at room temperature the preserved matter lost 50% of its histamine. PMID- 6808758 TI - Relative infectivity of Theileria annulata (Dchunkovsky and Luhs, 1904) stabilates derived from female and male Hyalomma excavatum (Koch, 1844) ticks. AB - Partially engorged female and male Hyalomma excavatum ticks infected with Theileria annulata were triturated separately in Eagle's minimum essential medium complemented with fetal calf serum. Glycerol was added to the supernatant obtained after centrifugation and the material was frozen at -79 degrees C. Infectivity of the stabilate was titrated by inoculating susceptible calves with dilutions of the material. Stabilate prepared from female ticks was considerably more infective on a per tick basis than stabilate from males. All calves inoculated with an estimated equivalent of 0.1 or more female ticks, or 3.3 or more male ticks, became infected. Time to fever, prepatent period, and mortality did not appear to be dose-dependent in the range of tick equivalents employed. PMID- 6808759 TI - Serological responses of dogs to cell wall and internal antigens of Brucella canis (B. canis). PMID- 6808761 TI - Recombination and expression of a cloned fragment of the DNA of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP01. PMID- 6808760 TI - [Cases of clinical and subclinical mastitis due to "D" streptococci]. AB - Cytologic and bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 364 samples of cow milk and secretion from 11 farms taken from individual quarters of the udder that have reacted positively and strongly positively with the rapid mastitis test Bernburg. It was found that in 330 of the cases there were data of clinical and subclinical mastitis of varying etiology. In 43 of the cases the causative agent (as isolated in pure cultures) proved to be "D" streptococci, giving positive reaction as judged by Schermann's criteria--from 9 cases of clinical and 34 cases of subclinical mastitis. The cell count varied from 360 000 to more than 5 million per cub. cm. Detailed studies were carried out on the cultural and biochemical properties of 31 strains of "D" streptococci, 17 strains belonging to Str. faecalis var. zymogenes, 9 strains--to Str. faecalis var. faecalis, and 5 strains--to Str. faecalis var. liquefaciens. PMID- 6808762 TI - [An unusual complication of subclavian vein catheterization]. PMID- 6808763 TI - [Malonate-like effect of antiangina agents]. PMID- 6808764 TI - [Heterogeneity of inborn glycolipidoses and glycoproteinoses and their enzymologic diagnosis]. PMID- 6808766 TI - [Possible genetic nature of phenotypical differences of mucopolysaccharidosis 1]. PMID- 6808765 TI - [Use of lysosome enzymes in genetic counseling]. PMID- 6808767 TI - A 'new' allele giving further insight into the LW blood group system. AB - Nea, a red cell antigen present in 6% of Finnish people but in less than 1% of other Europeans tested, is shown to be part of the LW system. Tests on 10,025 Finnish donors show the antithetical relationship of anti-Nea (proposed name anti LWb) and anti-LW made by LW3 people (proposed name anti-LWa). Tests on families of previously reported LW3 propositi and of LW(a-b+) Finnish donors support the hypothesis that Nea (LWb) is an allele at the LW locus which when homozygous produces the phenotype once called LW3. PMID- 6808768 TI - The cultural connection: including cultural variations in quality nursing care. Part I. PMID- 6808769 TI - Infection control in long term care. PMID- 6808770 TI - Hyperalimentation in cancer. AB - A growing body of work has been addressed to the hypothesis that because patients with cancer who have poor nutritional status have a worse prognosis, increased nutritional support in these patients will result in better tolerance of surgical interventions, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and a better outcome from the cancer. Although the hypothesis is an attractive one, there is only a single well conducted, randomized, prospective trial to date that shows that active nutritional support is of benefit in the therapy of patients with cancer. Based on this review of the literature, it is felt that though cachexia is clearly of negative import in patients with cancer, there is little evidence to support the hypotheses that any nutritional support changes the outcome or the course of therapy of patients with cancer. It seems reasonable to continue the nutritional support to cachectic patients with cancer concomitant with specific anticancer therapy, but supportive nutritional therapy alone with postponement of specific anticancer treatment, as in awaiting weight gain or anabolism, cannot be justified with the current state of the art. PMID- 6808772 TI - [Reoperations of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6808771 TI - ["Malignant" otitis media]. PMID- 6808775 TI - [The Robin syndrome and its treatment results]. PMID- 6808773 TI - [Chromosomal findings in patients with oligospermia and azoospermia (author's transl)]. AB - A cytogenetical study has been conducted in patients with impaired spermatogenesis and reduced fertility or complete sterility to investigate the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in this condition. 78 patients with azoospermia and 74 patients with a sperm count of below 20 million/ml have been studied cytogenetically and endocrinologically between 1977 and 1981. Numerical or structural chromosomal aberrations were found in 27 out of the 152 patients. In two phenotypically normal males hitherto-undescribed balanced autosomal translocations were detected. PMID- 6808774 TI - [Metabolic disorders and psychological changes in older patients after plastic operations on joints]. PMID- 6808778 TI - [The functional importance of the intestinal immune system. A review. 2. Pathology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808777 TI - [Sociohygienic consequences of the elucidation of the etiology of tuberculosis by Robert Koch]. PMID- 6808779 TI - [Special pathogenetic forms of hepatitis in old age]. AB - Although infectious hepatitis (IH) is, at the present time, predominantly a disease of adolescence and young adulthood, when it does occur in advanced age, it is associated with a higher level of mortality due to fulminant hepatitis, and with a more frequently chronic, subicteric and anicteric course. The reasons for this are to be found in a greater viral persistence, with concomitant lowering of the immune defences, secondary diseases, prior diseases of the liver, drug and alcohol abuse. A particularly unfavourable effect on the prognosis is ascribed to the use of corticosteroids in the acute phase of the disease. PMID- 6808780 TI - Supplementation and extension of the paper. "The distribution of human Gm globulin and Inv-allotypes in populations of Egypt, Saudi-Arabia, Afghanistan and Ecuador" published in Z. Morph. Anthrop. 70, 2, 174-180 (1979). PMID- 6808776 TI - [Robert Koch, founder of modern microbiology]. PMID- 6808781 TI - ABO, MNSs and rhesus blood group systems in some Jewish populations of Israel. PMID- 6808782 TI - [This is where nurses also perform nurses' aides' functions]. PMID- 6808783 TI - [Prostaglandins and regulation of cerebral circulation after changes in blood gas composition]. PMID- 6808784 TI - Injectable hormonal contraceptives: technical and safety aspects. PMID- 6808785 TI - The CRP-range latex test. A new method for the semiquantitative determination of C-reactive protein in serum. AB - A new CRP Range Latex Test is described which allows by testing two serum dilutions to classify the CRP content semiquantitatively into four concentration ranges (0 - 1 mg/dl, 1 - 4 mg/dl, 4 - 16 mg/dl and 16 - 64 mg/dl). Sera of 30 patients with rheumatic diseases and of 30 control persons without inflammatory or degenerative diseases were investigated in the CRP Range Latex Test and by radial immunodiffusion. The results were compared. A good agreement between the two methods could be demonstrated. PMID- 6808787 TI - Bioproteins in the feeding of growing-finishing pigs in Norway. V. A methanol based yeast (Pichia aganobii) replacing soybean meal as protein supplement in cereal diets. PMID- 6808786 TI - [14C excretion and retention after administration of 14C-adenine to rats with special reference to 14C02 liberation as a parameter of the metabolic process]. PMID- 6808789 TI - Isolation of bacteriophages from Listeria monocytogenes Serovar 5 and Listeria innocua. AB - 11 new bacteriophages, 3 from Listeria monocytogenes serovar 5 and 8 from Listeria innocua were isolated from lysogenic strains without induction. Phagovar determinations were carried out with these phages and 12 other isolated from L. monocytogenes serovars 1/2 and 4b. 76% of the 142 strains from different serovars tested gave a lytic pattern. The new phage set increased the percentage of determinable L. innocua strains to 61.7%. Different phage patterns underline the distinction between L. monocytogenes and L. innocua. L. monocytogenes serovar 5 is characterized by its great sensibility to many phages from lysogenic strains of various serovars. PMID- 6808788 TI - [The metabolism of thyroid hormones in chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - The levels of tri-iodothyronine (T3), free T3 index (FT3I), thyroxine (T4), free T4 index (FT4I), thyrothopine (TSH), reverse T3(rT3), T3 resin uptake (T3U) and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were investigated in 30 conservatively treated euthyrodic kidney patients with varying degrees of disturbance to kidney function. The authors found that the phenomena of the so-called "low T3 syndrome" (low T3 and FT3 while T4 is low to normal and FT4 and TSH are normal) appear not only in patients with advanced chronic renal insufficiency but also in patients who are in the 2nd state of chronic renal insufficiency (serum creatinine 4--8 mg%). The incidence and degree of reduced T3 were equal in both groups of patients. It must however be stressed that, in contrast to other chronic diseases with "low T3 syndrome", the low T3 concentrations in kidney patients are not accompanied by a simultaneous increase in the synthesis of rT3. The high levels detected of the quotients T4/T3 and the normal levels of TBG allow the reduced capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) to be ruled out as the cause of the low levels of T3. PMID- 6808790 TI - [Use of a protein-polysaccharide complex for the diagnosis of brucellosis in skin allergy tests]. AB - The possibility of using the protein-polysaccharide complex for the allergodiagnosis of brucellosis in experimental animals has been shown and the doses of the preparation for such tests have been determined. The advantages of this preparation over brucellin are shown. PMID- 6808792 TI - [Antigens of Shigella dysenteriae serovars 3-7. IV. Immunochemical study of the exotoxin]. AB - The exotoxins of Sh. dysenteriae, serovars 3 and 7, possess antigenic and serological properties and are characterized by the heterogeneous antigenic structure which distinctly differs from the structure of O-antigen in its immunochemical properties. These exotoxins consist of thermolabile and thermostable components. The thermolabile exotoxin fraction is a lethal toxin. The thermostable exotoxin fraction, obtained from the cultures of Sh. dysenteriae in the S-form, corresponds to O-antigen and forms an insignificant admixture in the concentrated exotoxins. The thermostable fraction of the exotoxins of S--R mutants differs from O-antigen by its serological specificity. PMID- 6808791 TI - [Experimental immunological effectiveness and safety of pyoimmunogen vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection]. AB - Pyoimmunogen, a polycomponent vaccine against P. aeruginosa infection, has been obtained in laboratory and semi-industrial conditions. The microbial biomass obtained from the strains belonging to O-serotypes (immunotypes) most frequently occurring in clinical practice has been used for producing protective antigens. The preparations have been found to contain proteins (peptides) and carbohydrates in the ratio 6 : 1 to 8 : 1, as well as traces of 2-keto-3-desoxyoctanate, which is indicative of the low content of endotoxin. The immunogenicity of the preparations has been studied experimentally by the active immunization of mice. In these experiments the animals vaccinated in a single injection were found to be protected from challenge with both homologous and heterologous P. aeruginosa strains. The high level of protection from infection caused by toxigenic strain PA-103 was registered. The preparations have low toxicity: LD50 for mice exceeds 2 mg (in protein content): after the multiple administration (7-10 times) of the preparation to mice and rats the weight of the experimental animals was not significantly different from the weight of the control animals. PMID- 6808795 TI - The influence of 6-hydroxydopamine on the development and inducibility of drug metabolism in rat liver. AB - 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) pretreatment of rats in the first 4 days of life considerably enhances the low hepatic ethylmorphine N-demethylation rate in 9 and 16 day old rats, whereas the higher rates in adult rats are not influenced. After 6-OHDA treatment the age differences in ethylmorphine N-demethylation rate disappear. The induction of ethylmorphine N-demethylation by phenobarbital is markedly enhanced by neonatal 6-OHDA pretreatment in 16 to 60 day old rats, whereas in 9 day old rats this synergistic action is not detectable. Unlike ethylmorphine N-demethylation, hepatic 7-ethoxy-coumarin 0-deethylation rate is only slightly or not at all influenced by 6-OHDA pretreatment. The basic activities in 9 day and rats are enhanced, the induction by phenobarbital in the same age-group is decreased. In other age-groups neither basic activities nor inducibility are influenced by 6-OHDA pretreatment. Hepatic cytochrome P-450 concentrations in 33- and 60 day old control rats do not differ from those in 6 OHDA-pretreated animals. Phenobarbital treatment increases the P-450 content; this induction effect is enhanced after 6-OHDA pretreatment, but not as markedly as with ethylmorphine N-demethylation. PMID- 6808794 TI - [Sensitizing properties of bacterial fractions of different chemical compositions]. AB - The sensitizing activity of meningococcal cells and their fractions has been studied. Only protein-containing preparations have been shown to be capable of inducing delayed hypersensitivity, while polysaccharide fractions do not induce it. PMID- 6808793 TI - [Serological heterogeneity of the immune response to the administration of a multicomponent meningococcal vaccine]. AB - The characteristic feature of meningococcal polycomponent vaccine is the serological heterogeneity of immune response to the injection of this vaccine, which is due to the fact that the vaccine contains antigens to antibodies detected in meningococcal antisera of all known serogroups: A, B, C, D, X, Y, Z, 29-E and W-135. The hyperimmunization of rabbits with meningococcal polycomponent vaccine results in the formation of antibodies to more than 20 different meningococcal cell-wall antigens occurring in different combinations in 23 strains isolated from patients and in museum strains of every known meningococcal serogroup, as well as antibodies to serogroup A meningococcal lipopolysaccharide. The above-mentioned heterogeneity of immune response to the injection of meningococcal vaccine is observed in the hyperimmunization of rabbits, in the vaccination of humans in a single injection and can be detected in immune sera by the precipitation test, by counter and two-dimensional electrophoresis and by the passive hemagglutination test with erythrocytes sensitized with group-specific polysaccharides. PMID- 6808796 TI - [Functional and structural behavior of the cardiovascular system of normotonic and spontaneously hypertensive rats following chemical sympathectomy and angiotensin administration]. AB - The non-cleared influences of the sympathetic nervous system [sN] on structural reactions of SHR and on the direct cardiac effects of AII and the structural vascular behavior were investigated. In 67 spontaneously hypertensive rats (Okamoto-Aoki) and 55 normotonic Wistar rats (NR) the blood pressure behaviour, the structural vascular and organ reactions and the noradrenaline (NA) content of the myocardium were examined with an intact sympathetic nervous system as well as after its almost complete elimination by chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxy dopamine (6-OH-DA). Moreover, the functional and structural responsiveness of the arterial vessels of sympathectomized animals to angiotensin II administrations was investigated. 6-OH-DA in the dosage applied, induces during its time of action in NR a smaller, in SHR a larger decrease of blood pressure and, presumably induced by intense NA-depletion of the myocardium, myocardial alterations. Despite extensive AII-induced alterations of the already early hypertrophically-hyperplastically changed vascular wall, the structural and functional responsiveness of the arterial vascular system was maintained even after sympathectomy, and the sensitivity of the SHR to AII remained. For maintaining hypertension, the cooperation of structural and functional influences is necessary, as is indicated by the reduction of blood pressure in sympathectomized SHR and its regular return to the daily initial values of normotonic animals under additional AII administration. Besides the vascular alterations contributing to the exacerbation of the hypertension, here the sNS is of essential importance. For obtaining a total pressure effect of AII the sNS obviously has not necessarily to be intact, though its activity state can influence the responsiveness of the arterial vascular system to AII. The reduction of the sympathicotonus by sympathectomy seems to have a protective effect on the development of AII-induced structural vascular alterations; in contrast to the myocardium in SHR, in which it induces an exacerbation and an increase in the AII-induced myocardial alteration. These findings obtained from rats are supposed to be important also for the essential hypertension in man. By maintaining the functional responsiveness of the arterial vascular system, antihypertensives which react with the different parts of the sNS cab become effective while structural alterations of the vascular wall can be influenced, too. The possibility of the simultaneous development of myocardial alterations should be taken into special consideration. PMID- 6808797 TI - Surgical aspect of cystic diseases of the kidney in infants and children. PMID- 6808798 TI - Changes in nitrogen metabolism in catabolic patients given three different parenteral nutrition regimens. AB - Nitrogen metabolism was investigated in 24 catabolic patients (15 men and 9 women) given three different parenteral nutrition regimens for 10-12 days. Energy was supplied as either carbohydrates alone (glucose group) or as carbohydrates and fats (lipid group) and nitrogen as amino acids. In the third group (amino acid group) amino acids were given in excess and less energy was supplied as carbohydrate. Each patient served as his own control. On the basis of daily urinary urea excretion all infused amino acid was retained in the body in the glucose and lipid groups during parenteral nutrition, but in the amino acid group 54% of infused amino acids were metabolized in gluconeogenesis apparently for energy production. In the glucose and lipid groups nitrogen balance rose to a "plateau" within 2-4 days but in the amino acid group within 5-7 days. The increment of nitrogen balance, 0.169 +/- 0.030 g N/kg/day, in the glucose group was greater than that, 0.140 +/- 0.037 g N/kg/day, in the lipid group (p less than 0.05) and that, 0.122 +/- 0.044 g N/kg/day, in the amino acid group (p less than 0.01). The initially low values of serum and liver protein did not change in the glucose and lipid groups, but in the amino acid group serum protein rose from 53.7 +/- 6.5 g/l to 61.1 +/- 5.9 g/l (less than 0.01) and liver protein from 47.4 +/- 7.2 mg/mgDNA to 65.0 +/- 22.6 mg/mgDNA (p less than 0.05). It seems tht a parenteral nutrition program rich in amino acids stimulates the vital protein synthesis of the liver more than regimens with abundance of non-nitrogen energy sources and poorer in amino acids. Nitrogen balance does not reveal information about the important protein metabolism of the liver. The results of this study support the opinion that during parenteral nutrition carbohydrates improve nitrogen balance more than isocaloric amount of fat. PMID- 6808799 TI - Glycosidases vis-a-vis-lipid metabolism in the central nervous system of the hedgehog (Paraechinus micropus). AB - The distributions of beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase in the forebrain of the hedgehog are quite similar to the distribution of phospholipids. Both enzymes and the phospholipids are mainly localized in the fibrous components. Their pattern of distribution is also identical to myelin staining. The functional significance of enzymes in lipid and myelin metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6808801 TI - Reversible osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Prevention of tissue damage with filtration of the perfusate. AB - Histological and fluoromicroscopical studies were performed in order to obtain information about reversibility and associated tissue damage of an osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier. Three ml of 1.4 M mannitol solution were perfused through the right carotid artery of a rat, and the opening of the blood brain barrier was examined by using EVans blue as a tracer. The barrier was opened for 60-120 minutes and then reestablished without gross neurological defect. Microscopically, however, edematous change and microinfarcts were often observed, which might be due to microembolism of recrystallized mannitol. With filtration of the perfusate through a millipore filter, the blood-brain barrier was reversibly opened without any tissue damages. This could be a useful therapeutic technique and an experimental model for neurotoxicology. PMID- 6808802 TI - Malignant transformation of intrathoracic ancient neurilemoma in a patient without von Recklinghausen's disease. AB - A case of intrathoracic ancient neurilemoma undergoing malignant change in a 48 year-old woman is reported. The lesion was first discovered incidentally during routine roentgenologic examination of the chest 15 years before its surgical removal. The gross and histologic examination of the tumor showed the features of ancient neurilemoma with extensive regressive changes as well as small preserved areas composed of Antoni type A and B tissues. In addition, obviously histologically malignant foci manifested by the presence of increased cellularity, active mitotic activity, and gradual loss of orginary neurilemomatous differentiation were present. The patient died 16 months after operation of recurrent and distant metastatic disease. At autopsy, there was no evidence of generalized neurofibromatosis or other primary cancer. A review of the available literature revealed only two other similar cases documenting malignant transformation of solitary benign neurilemomas in patienets without von Recklinghausen's disease. PMID- 6808803 TI - Persistent organochlorinated compounds in Norwegian human milk in 1979. AB - The levels of the persistent organochlorine compounds HCB, sum-DDT (1.1 DDE + 1.1 DDD + DDT), DDE and PCBs were determined in 133 Norwegian human milk samples from 7 cities with various degrees of industrialization. All samples contained organochlorines. No dramatic geographical differences were observed. The average HCB, sum-DDT, DDE and PCB levels in human milk were 2.1 +/-; 1.0, 29.8 +/- 23.5, 25.8 +/- 20.3 and 23.9 +/- 13.7 p.p.b. respectively (126 +/- 128, 1440 +/- 950, 1270 +/- 850 and 1210 +/- 690 p.p.b. respectively in human milk fat) which are among the lowest reported. The present results were compared to Norwegian results from 1970 and 1976. A slight decrease in the average HCB levels was observed from 1976-1979. The average PCB levels which doubled from 1970-1976 showed no or only a slight increase from 1976-1979. The distinct decrease in average sum-DDT levels observed from 1970-1976 continued during the period 1976-1979. The present survey demonstrated that human milk is a good indicator substance in monitoring the environment for contamination by organochlorine compounds. The results were evaluated toxicologically by comparison with maximum residue limits and acceptable daily intakes (FOA/WHO 1978). It was concluded that the present levels of organochlorines in Norwegian human milk did not represent any threat to the infants' health. PMID- 6808800 TI - Reduction of acoustically-induced auditory impairment by inhalation of carbogen gas. I. Permanent noise-induced cochlear damage. AB - The possible beneficial effects of carbogen gas (95% O2/5% CO2) inhalation on noise-induced permanent cochlear impairment were investigated. Groups of guinea pigs were exposed to daily 3 1/2-hour presentations of 120 dB of broad-band noise in an atmosphere of either carbogen gas or normal air. Other groups received carbogen or normal air with a low intensity (50 dB) acoustic exposure. After a 30 day stabilization period each ear was examined electrophysiologically and histologically. Measures included a.c. cochlear potentials from 100 Hz through 20 kHz as well as counts of missing inner hair cells (IHCs) and outer hair cells (OHCs). Statistically significant improvement in the 1 microV isopotential function of the a.c. cochlear potential over all test frequencies and significant reduction in the number of missing IHCs and OHCs was found to result from inhalation of carbogen gas. Blood gas analysis demonstrated a rapid and marked elevation in arterial PCO2 and PO2 with a corresponding drop in pH to result from inhalation of carbogen. The vasodilating effects of increased arterial carbon dioxide tension are discussed in terms of current speculations regarding the role of vasoconstriction in noise-induced hearing loss. PMID- 6808804 TI - Influence of albumin concentration in the foetal circulation on the placental transfer of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in the guinea pig. AB - Placental transport of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl in the guinea-pig was studied by means of perfusion technique. This transfer was rapid when heparinized blood was used as perfusion medium. The same concentration of the chlorobiphenyl in both maternal and foetal compartments was achieved about 20 min. after start of infusion. It was also shown that when dextran solution or dextran solution with addition of Intralipid to the same concentration as the total lipid concentration in blood, were used as perfusion medium, there was no placental transport of the chlorobiphenyl. Furthermore, it was shown that the placental transport of the chlorobiphenyl was strongly dependent on the albumin concentration, but independent of the gamma-globulin concentration in the perfusion medium. PMID- 6808805 TI - Positive feedback facilitation of external intercostal and phrenic inspiratory activity by pulmonary stretch receptors. AB - Both in lightly pentobarbitone anesthetized and decerebrate cats increments in lung volume (V) during inspiration caused facilitation of inspiratory activity both in phrenic (Phr) and external intercostal (EI) motoneurons. This effect had low volume threshold, well below eupnoeic tidal volumes. It was readily reduced or abolished by small additional doses of pentobarbitone. This facilitatory effect appeared with considerably greater magnitude in EI than in Phr. The response magnitude was linearly related to the corresponding increments in V but not to increments in airflow (V). Sustained elevation of V at zero V caused sustained facilitation of EI and Phr. This positive feedback facilitation which was similarly obtained in spontaneously breathing and paralysed cats occurred continuously with great regularity in every breath. It was abolished by bilateral vagotomy but could then be elicited by electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagus nerve at the same threshold strengths required to elicit a just detectable shortening of inspiratory duration. The results indicate that the slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors are responsible for this positive feedback facilitation prior to the negative feedback effect on the inspiratory 'off-switch' elicited by the same receptors. Clear distinctions are described between the reflex characteristics of this 'low-threshold' volume dependent facilitatory reflex and the 'high-threshold' transient excitatory reflex effects provoked by large and rapid inflations. PMID- 6808806 TI - Drinking in goats as effect of simultaneous intravenous infusions of angiotensin (I or II) and hypertonic NaCl or mannitol. AB - Drinking during the simultaneous intravenous infusion of angiotensin I (AI) or II (AII) and hypertonic NaCl or mannitol was studied in the goat, and was compared to the dipsogenic responses to the separate infusion of each of these four factors. Approximately the same amount of water was drunk during the infusion of AI/NaCl, AI/mannitol and AII/NaCl. The amount was roughly equal to the sum of the amounts taken when each of two paired stimuli was infused separately. Significantly less water was drunk in response to AII/mannitol. Somewhat more water was drunk during the separate AI than during the separate AII infusion. Administration of an AI converting enzyme inhibitor completely abolished the AI contribution to drinking during the AI/NaCl infusion but did not reduce AII/NaCl drinking, indicating that the response to AI was entirely due to its conversion into AII. The possibility is discussed that the considerable difference between AI/mannitol and AII/mannitol drinking might have been the result of choroidal and/or ependymal AI converting enzyme activity. PMID- 6808807 TI - Clinical and diagnostic considerations in Fabry's disease. AB - Three patients with Fabry's disease with a similar clinical picture, including recurrent burning sensations in the extremities, hypohidrosis and slowly progressive renal insufficiency, have been investigated metabolically at different stages of renal impairment. One patient died after three unsuccessful renal transplantations in a 4-year period of intermittent haemodialysis with disabling pains. One successfully transplanted patient is still alive and well, 12 years after the start of therapy. Thermolabile alpha-galactosidase has been demonstrated in his urine. The third patient has slowly progressive renal impairment. No therapeutic enzyme replacement available today is ideal. Early diagnosis is therefore necessary to increase the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling. PMID- 6808808 TI - [Immobilization of a bacterial enzyme preparation with milk--coagulating action. IV. The effect of immobilization on the properties of the enzyme preparation]. PMID- 6808810 TI - Bilateral chronic subdural haematomas; surgical or non-surgical treatment. PMID- 6808809 TI - Intracranial hypertension and brain oedema in albino rabbits. Part 3: Effect of acute simultaneous diuretic and barbiturate therapy. AB - Increased intracranial pressure due to brain oedema was produced in albino rabbits by combining a cryogenic lesion in the left hemisphere with the intraperitoneal administration of 6-aminonicotinamide (cytotoxic agent). The following parameters were assessed: intracranial pressure (ICP), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), central venous pressure (CVP), EEG, brain water and electrolyte content, gross pathology, and blood brain barrier integrity. Acute therapy to reduce ICP was performed by administering a bolus of mannitol (1 gm/kg) and 30 minutes later, also in bolus, frusemide (5 mg/kg). Immediately following the administration of mannitol an infusion of pentobarbitone was commenced; this was continued for one hour so that a total of 10 mg/kg was administered. There was a 50% reduction of ICP at one hour from initiation of treatment. The brains of the animals were extracted immediately upon cessation of therapy (pentobarbitone) and they revealed a significant reduction of water content for the right, uninjured, hemisphere only, when compared to controls; a slight but not significant reduction of the brain sodium and potassium was noted in both hemispheres. There was no change noted in the gross pathology and extent of blood brain barrier breakdown. In all animals epinephrine infusion had to be administered for between 20 and 30 minutes to maintain a SAP over 80 torr. There seems to be no advantage in the simultaneous administration of barbiturates and diuretics for the control of ICP due to brain oedema. PMID- 6808811 TI - The role of calcium in the lethal hit of T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6808812 TI - Activated macrophage mediated cytotoxicity for transformed target cells. PMID- 6808813 TI - Identification of lysis-relevant molecules on the surface of CTL: primary screening of monoclonal antibodies for the capacity to block cytolysis by cloned CTL lines. PMID- 6808814 TI - A clone specific monoclonal antibody which inhibits T cell-mediated cytolysis. PMID- 6808815 TI - The prediction of body potassium in the elderly. AB - Whilst there are many regression formulae in the literature from which a predicted or expected value of body potassium can be calculated, different formulae give widely differing results. Several of these algorithms have been developed by estimating body potassium from exchangeable measurements which are not valid in most clinical situations. Those derived from studies of direct body potassium measurement from whole-body counting have included few females or older persons--the very group likely to suffer disease-produced changes in potassium homeostasis. Eleven male and 11 female carefully screened healthy adults (mean agd 75, range 65-90 years) have been used to develop new formulae. It is shown that within this age range body potassium can be predicted from body weight to within +/- 20.4% in males and +/- 15.1% in females. These new relationships should be used in clinical practice for elderly patients. PMID- 6808817 TI - Regional coronary artery dilation response in variant angina. AB - We examined segmental left coronary artery responses to nitroglycerin in 17 variant angina patients and in 34 nonvariant angina patients using a quantitative angiography technique. In those patients with left anterior descending vasospasm, there was a marked exaggeration in the degree of dilation to nitroglycerin in those segments which at other times were involved with spasm. This observation was consistent when these segments were compared to (1) other left coronary segments in the same patient, (2) the same left coronary segments in nonvariant angina patients, and (3) the same left coronary segments in patients with right coronary spasm. These data suggest that a localized disorder in coronary vasomotion is present in patients with coronary spasm that is not limited to constriction but also involves increased dilation in response to nitroglycerin. PMID- 6808816 TI - Acute hemodynamic effects of intravenous encainide in patients with heart disease. AB - Encainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug, was given intravenously (0.9 mg/kg) to 18 patients over 15 minutes to evaluate the hemodynamic effects. Hemodynamics and drug plasma concentrations were measured during and 30 minutes postdrug infusions. Encainide infusion was associated with a decrease in cardiac index from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 2.4 +/- 0.7 L/min/m2 (p less than .05), a significant decrease in stroke work index and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and with a rise in systemic vascular resistance. There was no change in systemic or pulmonary arterial pressure, left ventricular dp/dt, or pulmonary vascular resistance. The patients were studied 30 to 60 minutes after cardiac angiography. Comparison of hemodynamic values obtained preangiography with those obtained postangiography (before, during, and after drug infusion) strongly suggests that many of the observed effects were due to radiographic contrast media (initial osmotic volume loading and subsequent diuresis). We conclude that if encainide has any significant hemodynamic effects after intravenous use, it is a modest decrease in cardiac output, possibly as a result of decreased left ventricular filling pressure. PMID- 6808818 TI - Spirulina. PMID- 6808820 TI - Comparison of the effects of placebo and encainide on programmed electrical stimulation and ventricular arrhythmia frequency. PMID- 6808819 TI - Comparative effects of nitroglycerin and nifedipine on myocardial blood flow and contraction during flow-limiting coronary stenosis in the dog. AB - Both nifedipine and nitroglycerin are used to treat angina pectoris. The comparative effects of these agents on myocardial blood flow and contraction in the setting of flow-limiting coronary stenosis are poorly understood. Thus 24 open chest dogs underwent carotid to left anterior descending coronary arterial perfusion with coronary flow probe and perfusion pressure monitoring. Segment length was measured with ultrasonic crystals in the subendocardial ischemic and nonischemic zones. Myocardial blood flow was measured with radioactive microspheres. Partial coronary occlusion was performed to attain a diastolic perfusion pressure of 40 mm Hg. Twelve dogs received intravenous nifedipine, 3 micrograms/kg per min, and 12 received intravenous nitroglycerin to reduce aortic pressure by 20 mm Hg. Partial occlusion resulted in a slight but significant decrease in segment shortening in the ischemic zone. Neither nitroglycerin nor nifedipine affected shortening in the ischemic zone. After occlusion, blood flow decreased in the subendocardial ischemic zone but was unchanged in the subepicardium. Nifedipine increased subendocardial blood flow in the nonischemic zone and decreased it in the ischemic zone but caused no change in subepicardial flow in the ischemic zone. In contrast, nitroglycerin decreased subendocardial and subepicardial blood flow in both the ischemic and nonischemic zones. In the setting of coronary stenosis, different classes of vasodilators may have varying effects on myocardial blood flow, suggesting different sites and mechanisms of action. In addition, segment function may not always reflect changes in myocardial blood flow. PMID- 6808821 TI - Colonization of the oropharynx with Gram-negative bacilli in children with severe protein-calorie malnutrition. AB - Oral pharyngeal isolation of Gram-negative bacteria was compared in four groups of Bengali children; acutely ill, severely malnourished outpatients swabbed on hospital admission; ill but less severely malnourished outpatients from the same area as the malnourished children; orphans also less severely malnourished but not acutely ill; and well controls drawn from a priviledged socioeconomic group. The expected weight for height percentage (National Center Health Statistics/Center for Disease Control median) of the four groups was respectively 67, 91, 97, and 97%. Isolation of Gram-negative bacteria from 74 of 87 (85%) severely malnourished children was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) compared to 43 of 113 (38%) outpatients, to 20 of 93 (22%) orphans, and to five of 51 (10%) controls. A total of 71 malnourished children under 5 yr of age (90%) had higher rates of Gram-negative throat colonization than did 16 older children (63%) (p less than 0.01). Thus there was an increased rate of Gram-negative colonization in severely malnourished children especially among the younger age group. In the subset of ill children, Gram-negative pharyngeal colonization was significantly associated inversely with nutritional indices and age. The high rate of such carriage may be partly responsible for the increased susceptibility of Gram-negative infection demonstrated in these children. PMID- 6808822 TI - Seasonal changes in nutritional status and the prevalence of malnutrition in a longitudinal study of young children in rural Bangladesh. AB - During longitudinal field studies of the growth, dietary intake, and morbidity from infectious diseases of children between 6 and 60 months of age in two rural villages of Bangladesh, seasonal fluctuations in growth, nutritional status, and the prevalence of malnutrition were observed. The weight, length, arm circumference, and triceps skinfold thickness of 197 children were measured monthly for 15 months and compared with sex-specific local village norms and international reference populations. The percentages of expected weight for length, arm circumference for age, triceps skinfold thickness for age, and the percentages of expected monthly increments of weight and length for age were the indicators most sensitive to seasonal changes. The percentages of expected weight for age and length for age also changed significantly by month of year, but were less responsive to seasonal variation. The periods of greatest nutritional deficit depended on which anthrometric indicator was used to define nutritional status, but generally occurred during the monsoon and persisted until the subsequent harvest period. However, the fall in mean percentage of expected length for age and the increase in the prevalence of stunting occurred several months after the periods of greatest malnutrition identified by the other measurements. The importance of selecting the appropriate anthropometric techniques to detect seasonal changes and the implications of such changes are discussed. PMID- 6808824 TI - Total parenteral nutrition therapy of toxic maple syrup urine disease. AB - Maple Syrup Urine Disease (branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase deficiency) in a neonate who was too ill to feed was successfully treated with total parenteral nutrition which promoted protein synthesis thereby allowing accumulated branched-chain amino acids to be incorporated into body protein. Total parenteral nutrition was initiated after the patient was unable to continue nasogastric feeding and peritoneal dialysis had failed due to the patient's hypotonia. A special total parenteral nutrition mixture lacking leucine, isoleucine, and valine was supplemented with Intralipid to provide an average of 125 kcal/kg/day. Nitrogen balance documented a normal nitrogen retention rate of 185 mg N/kg/day. The various branched-chain amino acids were added individually to the intravenous solution as the plasma concentration of each decreased. The intake of the branched-chain amino acids (isoleucine 65 mg/kg/day, valine 78 mg/kg/day, and leucine 159 mg/kg/day) was approximately two-thirds of that of the normal breast-fed infant, equivalent to the normal rate of incorporation of these essential amino acids into protein. Total parenteral nutrition achieves and sustains branched-chain amino acids removal efficiently with fewer risks than multiple exchange transfusions or peritoneal dialysis. A combination of total parenteral nutrition with one of these alternative modes of therapy may be most useful in the acutely toxic patient PMID- 6808827 TI - Mass screening of neuroblastoma in infancy. AB - A vanillylmandelic acid spot test for screening infants for neuroblastoma was developed in cooperation with 11 health centers in Kyoto, Japan. In this system, the parent sends a filter paper spotted with the infant's urine at 6 or 7 months of age. From 78,331 infants screened during the six years from July 1973 to September 1979, four asymptomatic infants with neuroblastoma were discovered. Three of them have already completed their treatments and have recovered. The cost of screening 13,000 infants per year was $7,500. One false-negative test was encountered, as were a number of false-positive tests. PMID- 6808823 TI - The effect of age and sex on the routinely used measurements to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6808825 TI - Demonstration of immunoglobulin in malignant lymphomas. Use of an immunoperoxidase technic on frozen sections. AB - We used an immunoperoxidase technic to detect surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulin in frozen sections of 46 malignant lymphomas. With the immunoperoxidase technic, differential staining with antisera to the various heavy and light chain classes permitted detection and characterization of monotypic immunoglobulin in frozen sections of 15 of 15 nodular lymphomas and 24 of 31 diffuse lymphomas. The immunoperoxidase technic applied to frozen sections is a convenient and reliable method for the detection of immunoglobulin in lymphoid tissues, which can be performed in a pathology laboratory without the need for special equipment. PMID- 6808826 TI - Rh(D) fraction incompatibility causing hemolytic disease of the newborn. Report of two cases in a Chinese family. AB - Two cases of hemolytic disease of new born in a Chinese family are reported. The hemolysis was due to the production in the mother of antibodies against fractions A, C, and D of Rh(D) antigen. The fractions were absent in the mother's red blood cells which are Rh(DB) but present in her babies. Rh(DB) may be detected by the use of two types of anti-D sera, one with and the other without anti-DB activity. For transfusion purpose, all DB patients so tested, would be regarded as Rh(D) negative. PMID- 6808828 TI - Rickets and deficiency of vitamin D metabolites. PMID- 6808829 TI - Dientamoeba fragilis: a gastrointestinal protozoan infection in adults. AB - Dientamoeba fragilis is a protozoan parasite of the large intestine of man. Individuals with infection may be asymptomatic or have gastrointestinal and systemic symptoms. We report a patient with symptomatic D. fragilis infection and negative extensive laboratory and radiological workup, with resolution of symptoms after diiodohydroxyquin therapy. No parasites were detected in three follow-up stool examinations. We then undertook retrospective study to define and describe further clinical symptoms in adults with this infection by analysis of data from medical records of 50 subjects with this parasite. PMID- 6808830 TI - Acetate metabolism in normal human subjects. PMID- 6808832 TI - Lactase polymorphism in adult British natives: estimating allele frequencies by enzyme assays in autopsy samples. AB - In an attempt to estimate allele frequencies of lactase persistence in adult British natives, sucrase was assayed simultaneously with lactase under conditions that gave optimal activities for both enzymes. A trimodal distribution in the ratios of enzyme activities was demonstrated. Circumstantial evidence and statistical analyses suggest that the trimodal distribution is due to the different levels of lactase activity in the three genotypes--homozygous persistent, heterozygous, and homozygous nonpersistent, and that it is possible to correct for "nongenetic" variation by using sucrase as an internal standard. The allele frequency for lactase persistence was estimated to be .747. The implications of our findings on the genetic mechanisms involved in lactase persistence are discussed. PMID- 6808831 TI - A large phenotypic sib-sib discordance for the Rh blood system. A possible new feto-maternal compatibility system. AB - A large sib-sib phenotypic discordance for the Rh system has been found in a longitudinal follow-up study on growth and development. Sibs born no more than 3 years later than their respective indexes show a significant tendency to have a different phenotype from that of their indexes. The hypothesis that distortion is due to eggs or fetal loss finds support in the existence of increased time intervals between indexes' and sibs' births in those cases in which the losses were suspected. Two groups of index families made according to the presence or absence of the cde haplotype in their genotype show important differences in segregation and reproductive patterns. The observed distortions cannot be explained by the differences in known antigenic Rh specificities. The existence of a new feto-maternal compatibility system would better fit these facts and would also allow the reinterpretation of several distortions associated with Rh described in the literature that have never been satisfactorily explained. PMID- 6808833 TI - Stability and osmolality of a nutritional food supplement during simulated nasogastric administration. AB - The stability and osmolality of a commercially available food supplement (Hepatic Aid, American McGaw) was assessed during a simulated nasogastric feeding; the effects of dilution and adding a suspending agent were also determined. Four product samples of the food supplement were prepared: (1) normal reconstitution strength; (2) 25% normal reconstitution strength; (3) normal strength with 0.3% (w/w) suspending agent; and (4) 25% normal strength with 0.3% (w/w) suspending agent. The suspending agent was 60% carrageenan and 40% cellulose gum. Six-hour nasogastric feeding simulations were performed, and hourly fractions were collected. The freshly prepared samples, the hourly fractions, and the residue remaining in gavage containers and tubing were analyzed for gross composition, osmolality, and pH. During the six-hour period, fractions from the normal reconstitution strength product fluctuated in fat content, and the diluted product had variable fat and carbohydrate content. Adding a suspending agent stabilized fat in the normal but not in the diluted product. The pH, osmolarity, and amino-acid content remained relatively constant throughout the six-hour period in all four products. At no time did any of the products clog the tubing. The creaming and flocculation noted in all reconstituted products caused a slight variation in calories delivered during simulated nasogastric administration because of partial fat and carbohydrate destabilization; adding a suspending agent restored stability only in the normal reconstitution strength product. The critical amino acid content that is needed for the nutritional support of patients with hepatic encephalopathy was maintained in all products. PMID- 6808835 TI - Managing computer systems. Developing the proposal. AB - The major components of a thorough proposal to computerize pharmaceutical services are described. The components of the proposal are (1) the introduction; (2) description of current and proposed systems; (3) hardware, software, and supplies; (4) vendor selection; (5) implementation; (6) interface; (7) justification of need; (8) risk analysis; (9) contract; (10) summary; and (11) appendices. Special emphasis is given to justifying the pharmacy system on the basis of decreased cost for personnel, drugs, charging for services, and equipment. Additional justification is based on the benefits of increased production, decreased problems, and increased capacity to produce. A life-cycle cost analysis and engineering economy formula is described that can be used to calculate the number of full-time equivalents that must be reduced in order to offset costs of the system through personnel reduction alone. Because the decision to computerize pharmaceutical services constitutes a major and permanent change, it is important that the proposal be logical, factual, thorough, and organized. PMID- 6808836 TI - Problems with administration devices for commercially available nitroglycerin injection. PMID- 6808834 TI - Sorptive loss of diazepam and nitroglycerin from solutions to three types of containers. AB - The sorption of diazepam and of nitroglycerin were studied in glass, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride containers with two injectionable solutions. Diazepam and nitroglycerin were diluted to final concentrations of 200 micrograms/ml and 90 micrograms/ml, respectively, in 0.9% sodium chloride or 5% dextrose injection in glass, polyethylene, and polyvinyl chloride containers and stored under room light at 25 +/- 1 degrees C. Samples were taken at 0, 2, 4, 6, and 24 hours after injection of drug. Diazepam was assayed with a spectrophotometer; nitroglycerin was assayed with an automatic chemical analyzer. All solutions were visually compatible. Diazepam and nitroglycerin concentrations remained constant in both i.v. solutions in glass and polyethylene containers. Concentrations of both drugs were reduced in polyvinyl chloride bags to less than 90% of initial within four hours after admixture. No degradation products of either drug were found. It is concluded that sorption of diazepam and nitroglycerin occurs when the drugs are in polyvinyl chloride bags, and that glass and polyethylene containers are superior for these admixtures. PMID- 6808838 TI - Multicenter trial of acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis. AB - Acyclovir 3 percent ophthalmic ointment was compared with trifluorothymidine 2 percent ointment in a double-blind trial of 59 herpes keratitis patients. Clinical progress was measured by direct clinical assessment and retrospective photographic evaluation. Ninety percent of acyclovir-treated patients and 75 percent of trifluorothymidine-treated patients had healed within 14 days. There was no significant difference in the rate of healing between the two treatment groups. PMID- 6808837 TI - Model for cost-benefit analysis of clinical pharmacy in family practice. AB - A cost-benefit analysis (CBA) model that can be used to estimate the economic consequences expected from the inclusion of clinical pharmacy services in a family practice clinic was developed; use of the model was demonstrated by applying it to a hypothetical solo-physician practice. The effects that clinical pharmacy services would have on the medical practice were evaluated and classified as either costs or benefits. Equations were derived to quantify all direct effects. Semi-structured, open-ended interviews of 15 family practice physicians and five family practice clinical pharmacists were conducted to generate data describing a hypothetical solo-physician practice. Responses from these interviews were averaged to provide the numerical values called for by the equations in the CBA model. The difference between total costs and total benefits was the net benefit that could be expected by the hypothetical solo-physician practice for the first year after including a clinical pharmacist in that practice. The net benefit determined by these calculations was $2744 assuming a 5% increase in overall quality of care, or $25,658 assuming a 20% increase in overall quality of care. The net-benefit figure obtained by applying the CBA model to the hypothetical case should not be generalized to other practices. Rather, by applying the CBA model, practitioners and administrators can calculate the expected net benefit specific for their particular medical practice. PMID- 6808839 TI - Supplemental nursing services: how much do hospitals really pay? PMID- 6808840 TI - Ectopic pregnancy following treatment with human gonadotropins. AB - After treatment with human gonadotropins, 289 anovulatory women with apparently normal fallopian tubes became pregnant 379 times. Ten ectopic pregnancies in nine women were diagnosed, for an incidence of 2.7% of all conceptions. All the ectopic pregnancies were found in the fallopian tubes. Four patients had also an intrauterine pregnancy. Five of the patients showed ovarian overstimulation, and hormonal modifications at the time of ovulation might explain the high incidence of tubal gestation. PMID- 6808841 TI - Concentrations of luteinizing hormone--human chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, cortisol, and testosterone in cord sera and their correlations. PMID- 6808842 TI - Plasminogen binding by human amniochorion. A possible factor in premature rupture of membranes. AB - Forty-six human fresh amniochorion membranes obtained at cesarean section were found to contain from 0 to 5% dead cells in the amniotic epithelial layer by direct counting and spectrophotometric analysis of trypan blue extracts. With the use of a double marker system it was discovered that many of the dead cells failed to bind the DNA-chelating fluorochrome propidium iodide but reacted with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibodies to human plasminogen. In addition, both fresh and cultured human amniotic epithelial cells that had plasma membranes damaged by either cryogenic shock or cytocentrifugation specifically bound plasminogen from serum, plasma, or amniotic fluid to cytoplasmic structures. Binding did not occur in other control proteins, but plasminogen was bound from very dilute solutions, suggesting specific and tight binding inside the cell. We propose that such plasminogen can be activated to plasmin within the cell by either plasminogen activators or lysosomal proteases and that this sets into motion a progression of events that are potentially damaging for the amniochorion, perhaps being of relevance in the pathophysiology of premature rupture of the membranes in human pregnancy. PMID- 6808843 TI - Prentice-Memorial Lecture: Is the animal model for stimulus deprivation amblyopia in children valid or useful? AB - The animal models are not, strictly speaking, valid for clinical application to children, primarily because of the large differences in the duration of the critical or sensitive period. However, they do provide a useful conceptual framework to follow, especially while determining the waxing and waning of the amblyopia in each eye by preferential looking or visual evoked potential acuity methods. These methods allow us to detect or determine the degree of amblyopia and guide the treatment or prevention of stimulus deprivation amblyopia in each child by direct measurement. The reciprocal effect of amblyopia found by Thomas, Mohindra and Held in infants by the preferential looking method and confirmed and extended in age by our group with the visual evoked potential acuity method could have been predicted by the animal modelers from the cross-suturing experiments. It appears that more harm than good may be done by patching infants for the treatment of amblyopia without measuring the acuity of each eye to avoid the significant loss of connections to the patched eye and to both eyes (binocular units). PMID- 6808844 TI - A new reagent (ZZAP) having multiple applications in immunohematology. AB - A reagent (ZZAP) containing a mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DTT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain was found to dissociate IgG immunoglobulin from red blood cells (RBC) of patients having a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) although this could not be achieved with either chemical alone. In all 67 patients tested, ZZAP treatment of IgG sensitized RBC reduced the strength of the DAT, and in all 52 instances tested, this allowed for accurate Rh phenotyping using slide/rapid tube typing reagents. This included five examples in which spontaneous agglutination that occurred in saline or 6% albumin was eliminated by ZZAP. Thus, all red blood cell typing for Rh-Hr antigens was accomplished using slide/rapid tube reagents making unnecessary the use of saline reactive or chemically modified antisera. Kidd antigen typing is also possible after ZZAP treatment of IgG sensitized RBC. In regard to warm autoabsorption tests, ZZAP treatment of 14 RC samples having a positive DAT proved preferable to heat elution technics since equal or greater amounts of IgG were removed by ZZAP and little or no hemolysis resulted. ZZAP has no effect on ABH, Rh or Kidd antigens but denatures Duffy, MNSs and all Kell antigens tested (K:1-K:7, K:11-K:14, K:18, K:19). This should prove valuable in certain investigations of multiple alloantibodies and, moreover, may allow for better characterization of Kell antigens. PMID- 6808846 TI - Health services in Shanghai County: childhood immunization. PMID- 6808845 TI - Water ingestion and its role in bile secretion. PMID- 6808847 TI - Zona pellucida antibodies in a group of women with idiopathic infertility. PMID- 6808848 TI - Effects of Ca++ depletion on the asexual cell cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Ca++ was shown to be indispensable for the normal growth of cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. Inclusion of ethyleneglycolbis (beta-amino-ethylether) N,N'-tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) caused blocking of the asexual cell cycle of the parasite in two sites, the first blockage occurring between 20 and 26 hours after invasion of the erythrocyte. It proved to be irreversible by additions of Mg++ or Ca++, and to lead to morphologically abnormal parasites arrested in the mature trophozoite stage of the cycle. The second site of inhibition was probably one of the steps in the process of invasion of the erythrocyte by the merozoite. When 1 mM EGTA was added 24--30 hours after the culture was synchronized the cell cycle of the parasite continued without any interference in the normal maturation until the development of schizonts and release of merozoites into the medium. However, reinvasion of fresh erythrocytes by these merozoites was impeded. The inhibition of reinvasion caused by EGTA was overcome by the addition of an excess of Ca++ but not by an excess of Mg++. After the addition of Ca++ to cultures blocked just before the invasion phase as schizonts, the merozoites were again rendered fully infective and the rate of invasion was similar to that in an untreated control culture. Implications of the effects of Ca++ depletion on the asexual cell cycle and possible applications of EGTA as a reversible inhibitor of the invasion process are discussed. PMID- 6808849 TI - Ionizing irradiation and fasting in the rat. II. Effect on energy metabolism. PMID- 6808850 TI - [Nature of folliculo- and gametogenesis in various types of reproductive functional disorder]. PMID- 6808852 TI - The human genetic mucopolysaccharidoses: a group of lysosomal storage diseases. PMID- 6808853 TI - [Treatment of Chagas disease]. PMID- 6808854 TI - Prevention of air emboli in hip surgery. Femoral shaft insufflation with carbon dioxide. AB - A study is described in which clinically detectable air emboli which occurred during total hip replacement were eliminated by flushing the femoral shaft cavity with carbon dioxide. Transient falls in blood pressure were still observed immediately after insertion of bone cement, and alternative mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6808855 TI - Effect of doxapram on postoperative oxygenation in obese patients. AB - A infusion of doxapram in 5% dextrose at a rate of 2 mg/kg/hour for 6 hours, or of 5% dextrose alone, was given to 20 grossly obese patients who had undergone upper abdominal surgery. There was no statistically significant difference in the degree of hypoxaemia or the incidence of chest infections between the two groups. PMID- 6808851 TI - [Results of the anti-inflammatory treatment of women with a history of ascending gonorrhea]. PMID- 6808856 TI - Carbon dioxide response after epidural morphine. AB - The change in minute volume in response to a rising inspired carbon dioxide concentration was compared in 20 patients who received epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia (the test group), and 18 patients who did not (the control group). The minute volume increase in the test group was depressed at 6 hours but not at 12 hours postoperatively, but the degree of depression as not statistically significant. Control patients had no significant respiratory depression at any time. When the test and control groups were compared with each other, no statistically significant difference between groups was found. Two patients in the test group demonstrated a markedly depressed response to carbon dioxide challenge postoperatively. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar in both groups, while the presence of severity of pain was reduced in the test group. PMID- 6808859 TI - Deane endotracheal tube hazard. PMID- 6808857 TI - [Disturbed pulmonary gas exchange in patients with cerebral trauma (author's transl)]. AB - In a prospective study on 78 patients the influence of the severity of an isolated head injury on the pulmonary gas exchange has been examined. Our results show that with increasing severity of the isolated cerebral trauma the quotient A -- aDO2/PAO2 increases as well (P less than 0.001). Patients with comparable degrees of head injury but nearly unchanged pulmonary function have a greater chance to survive (P less than 0.05), though with neurological defects, than patients with an additional disturbed pulmonary gas exchange. The overall survival rate amounts to 53.8 per cent. PMID- 6808858 TI - Gigantic schwannoma in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6808860 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-keto acids in human urine and plasma. PMID- 6808861 TI - Purification and some properties of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PMID- 6808862 TI - Rabbit-liver phosphorylase: improvement of the purification procedure and assay of the inactive b form. PMID- 6808863 TI - [Influence of prenatal applicated centrophenoxine on the postnatal increase in weight of the Wistar rats (author's transl)]. AB - It is found in the literature, that Centrophenoxine, an ester of Dimethylaminoethanol and p-Chlorphenoxyacetate, has a great influence on the increase in weight of embryos of Wistar-rats. In the light of the present researches on animals it is tested, if this adequate substance transformation effect of Centrophenoxine has a long lasting influence on the postnatal life, whereby the weight is considered as a parameter. Centrophenoxine was applied on the animals under test from 11-14 d post coitum that is during the time of embryogenesis. The test lasted over 5 generations. The animals were divided into 2 groups: In the first group Centrophenoxine was given to the first generation and the second to fifth generation of animals were paired each other; while in the other group each generation received this Centrophenoxine at the same time before birth. The weights of the young animals were taken at definite intervals and compared with that of the untreated control-animals as well as among themselves. The weight differences in the individual weighting times between the control and test groups were inconsiderable and were significant only in few cases. The results showed that Centrophenoxine applied prenatal has lost its weight increasing influence in the postnatal life. The reasons are discussed. PMID- 6808864 TI - Seminal plasma isoenzyme LDH X in infertile men. AB - The seminal plasma isoenzyme LDH X and hormonal profile were determined on 55 samples from patients with eigher azoo- or oligozoospermia. The correlation found between the value fo LDH X and the gonadotropins can be used as an indicator of germ cell differentiation. Surprisingly high values of LDH X which were found in patients with severe oligozoospermia could indicate that the patients have normal spermatogenesis and possibly may respond to hormonal therapy. PMID- 6808865 TI - Semen quality and sex hormone pattern of 29 middle aged men. AB - Thirty-nine men with sexual disturbances in middle-age (52-68 years) were included in this study. Semen samples were obtained by masturbation and were analysed for its composition Serum was prepared and analysed for FSH, LH, prolactin and testosterone. Results were compared with the values obtained in a recent study by the authors on a young fertile group (Homonnai et al. - 1980). Hormonal evaluation revealed a significant increase in FSH, LH, and prolactin concentrations, Testosterone levels were not different in the two groups (old v:s young). Nevertheless, accessory gland functions were depressed, semen volume decreased by 30% and fructose secretion by the seminal vesicle was diminished significantly. The average sperm concentration and morphology were not different than in young group but their quality in terms of motility and vitality was depressed. Sperm production by the tests was decreased by 30% compared to the young control group. Increased serum prolactin levels and elevated estrogen activity may be responsible for the sexual disturbances known in older men. PMID- 6808866 TI - Effect of postural changes on certain circulatory and respiratory values in the horse. AB - Certain circulatory and respiratory values were measured in horses in the standing, lateral, and supine positions. Twelve adult horses were kept in the standing position under the influence of glycerol guiacolate. Alterations in position to lateral and dorsal recumbencies were achieved without any further drug administration. The changes from the standing to the lateral position decreased the arterial oxygen tension, but left the arterial carbon dioxide tension unchanged. There was no statistically significant effect of body position on respiratory flow rates or volumes. The shift from the lateral position to the supine position had no statistically significant effect on any of the measured values. It is assumed that the change from the standing to the lateral position results in an increase in ventilation of the uppermost parts of the lung. The perfusion inequalities are due mainly to the effect of gravity of the pulmonary circulation which may result in a decrease in arterial oxygen tension. PMID- 6808868 TI - Quantitative parasitemia in calves fed Sarcocystis cruzi sporocysts from coyotes. AB - For the quantitation of parasitemia, seven 7- to 10-day-old calves were orally inoculated with 2 virulent isolates of Sarcocystis cruzi from coyotes. Three calves were each given 2.5 million sporocysts of the 1st isolate; these calves died 31, 35, and 33 days later. The other 4 calves were given 2, 1, 0.76, and 0.38 million sporocysts of the 2nd isolate; these calves died or were euthanatized at 34, 44, 43, and 55 days after inoculation. Buffy coat smears from 7 ml of jugular blood of each calf were examined daily from day 14 after inoculation to time of necropsy. Merozoites were found in peripheral blood of all calves between days 25 and 46. The numbers of merozoites in 3 calves given identical inocula of the 1st isolate were 62, 48, and 17. The numbers of merozoites in the 4 calves given the 2nd isolate were 185, 11, 70, and 61, with decreasing dosages, respectively. The number of merozoites ranged from 0.14 to 9.8/ml of blood. More than 97% of merozoites were intracellular in mononuclear cells and 2.8% were extracellular in blood. Of 454 merozoites, 18 had 2 nuclei and 5 contained 2 dividing zoites; all dividing organisms were intracellular. PMID- 6808869 TI - Effects of exercise on the histochemical changes of articular chondrocytes in adult dogs. AB - Effects of exercise regimens on the enzyme histochemical changes of articular chondrocytes of the humeral heads in adult shepherd-type dogs were studied. One group of 4 dogs was exercised by walking on a flat surface 5 days a week for 6 months. A 2nd group of 4 dogs was exercised under the same conditions, except that the dogs were forced to walk over platforms placed in their path. Three control dogs were exercised ad libitum in their housing area. In all dogs, the reactivity of lactic acid dehydrogenase was quite strong nicotinamide dinucleotide dehydrogenase was moderate, and glucose-6-phosphatase was week. Succinic acid dehydrogenase uridine diphosphate (UDP)-galactose-4-epimerase, and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-4-epimerase were of weakly moderate staining reactivity. Consistent regional or laminar variability was not found among the chondrocytic populations of the exercised and control groups for the reactivity of the enzymes studied. However, regional and/or laminar variabilities in individuals of the experimental groups were identified. The weak reactivity of glucose-6-phosphatase as seemingly contradictory to the presence of intracellular lipids of adult articular chondrocytes. Lipid synthesis was suggested as a mechanism to store excessive quantities of hydrogen ions in an innocuous form, rather than in the potentially deleterious by-product of anaerobic glycolysis, lactic acid. PMID- 6808867 TI - Effect of enzyme inducers and inhibitors and glutathione precursor and depleter on induced acute aflatoxicosis in rabbits. AB - Male New Zealand White rabbits were treated with microsomal enzyme inducers, inhibitors of hemoprotein synthesis or action, and glutathione precursor and depletor before they were orally given the median lethal dose (LD50) of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1; 0.4 mg/kg) at the start of a 7-day experimental period. The drugs administered, mean duration of illness (hours), and survival percentage were as follows: controls (saline solution)-85, 50%; phenobarbital (PB)-100, 100%; phenylbutazone-115, 67%; benzoflavone-39, 17%; stanozolol-67, 67%; cobaltous chloride (CoCl2)-46, 67%; piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-88, 100% cysteine (CYS)-68, 100%; ethyl maleate-71, 83%. Signs of toxicosis included decreased feed and water consumption, weight loss, dehydration, lethargy, and emaciation; some rabbits died or were euthanatized. Clinico-pathologic changes included increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity by 24 hours and bilirubin concentration by 48 to 72 hours after AFB1 was given. Grossly, livers were pale or tan and friable, with prominent lobular architecture. Kidneys of affected rabbits were pale to dark red. Microscopically, livers were normal or had lesions as great as extensive necrosis, hemorrhage, mineralization, and bile duct proliferation. Treatment of rabbits with PB, CoCl2, PBO, and CYS protected against AFB1 hepatic pathology, and PB, PBO, and CYS also had protective effect against lethality. Ethyl maleate provided some protection against lethality and increased serum AST activity and bilirubin concentration. Toxicosis was enhanced by benzoflavone; phenylbutazone and stanozolol had litte influence. PMID- 6808871 TI - Hemagglutinin of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 organisms: occurrence and immunologic properties of hemagglutinin. AB - Hemagglutinating properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum serotype 2 and serotype C against freshly collected and glutaraldehyde (GA)- fixed chicken RBC were investigated. Different from serotype 1, the nontreated organisms of serotype 2 and serotype C lacked hemagglutinating activity. However, when the organisms were treated with potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) and/or sonication, activity occurred not only against GA-fixed chicken RBC, but also against GA-fixed RBC of various animal species. The maximum hemagglutination titer (1:64 to 1:256) was obtained against GA-fixed RBC with the KSCN-treated organisms that were also sonicated. The activity was inactivated by heating at 100 C or by treatments with formalin or trypsin, but not by treatments with hyaluronidase or neuraminidase. By using KSCN-treated and sonicated organisms and GA-fixed chicken RBC, a detection of hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody was possible. The HI tests showed that serotype 2 hemagglutinin was immunologically distinct from serotype 1 and that the HI antibody correlated to protective activity against challenge exposure with serotype 2 and serotype C. Chicks having HI antibody greater than 1:5 were protected against challenge exposure with homologous type, but were not protected with serotype 1. Applicability of the HI test was also shown for evaluating protective potency in the serotype 2 vaccine, as well as in the serotype 1 vaccine. PMID- 6808872 TI - Method for determining serum pepsinogen concentration, using pepsin standards and ultraviolet absorbance. AB - A simplification of the traditional hemoglobin methods for determining serum pepsinogen concentration was developed. In this method, 10% trichloroacetic acid solution was added to control samples, and hemoglobin substrate was added to controls and active enzyme samples; standards and samples were incubated for 18 hours, the proteins in the active tubes were precipitated with trichloroacetic acid and removed by filtration, and the absorbances of the supernatant of each standard and sample at 280 nm were measured. The major differences between this method and other methods for determining pepsinogen values are that the preacidification of serum with hydrochloric acid was eliminated, the incubation period was reduced to 18 hours (down from 24 hours), the relative pepsinogen concentration was determined by measuring the concentration of hydrolysis products, using ultraviolet, rather than visible absorbance, and a pepsin standard curve was used to determine the serum pepsinogen concentration. Comparison of freshly prepared pepsinogen and pepsin standard curves indicated that the pepsinogen preparations were slightly more active than the pepsin preparations (on a weight-to-weight basis) on the same substrate. Pepsin standards are used because they are more stable than pepsinogen standards. Three linear standard curve ranges were used: O 10 to 100, 50 to 300, and 100 to 500 ng of pepsinogen/ml of serum. The use of pepsin standard curves permits some variability of the incubation conditions without altering the results. For best results, the hemoglobin substrate solution should be prepared daily. This method may be useful in diagnosing ostertagiasis. PMID- 6808870 TI - Experimental transmission of Cowdria ruminantium by the Gulf coast tick Amblyomma maculatum: danger of introducing heartwater and benign African theileriasis onto the American mainland. AB - The tick Amblyomma maculatum proved to be an experimental vector of Cowdria ruminantium, the cause of heartwater of ruminants. Transstadial transmission from larva to nymph and from larva through nymph to adult was successful; however, an experiment on transovarial transmission gave negative results. Neither A americanum nor A cajennense transmitted the infection. There is a potential danger of the disease gaining access to the American mainland from the Caribbean where it is known to occur and of maintaining itself in areas where A maculatum occurs. Transstadial transmission experiments, using 3 American Amblyomma spp and an African strain of Theileria mutans, which is thought to occur in the Caribbean, were unsuccessful. PMID- 6808873 TI - Toxicology of aflatoxin B1, warfarin, and cadmium in young pigs: performance and hematology. AB - Observations on the interactions of cadmium (Cd) x aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Cd x warfarin included several variables of animal performance and hematology. Cadmium was fed daily for 40 days (groups IV, V, VI) and a Cd-free diet was fed to groups I, II, and III. Groups II and V were treated with AFB1, and groups III and VI were treated with warfarin--each for 5 days during the 5th week of the experiment and the effects were observed for 10 days. All pigs fed the diet with added Cd had developed severe anemia by the 4th week of the experiment. The incorporation of this toxic concentration of Cd (83 micrograms/g) in the diet seemed to have blocked the liver microsomal enzyme system (cytochrome P-450), diminishing the toxic effects of 5 daily oral doses (0.2 mg/kg of body wt) of AFB1 (group V pigs), but enhancing synergistically the toxic anticoagulant effects of the same doses of warfarin in young pigs (group VI). The data presented also indicated that the feeding of toxic concentrations of Cd stimulated increased glutathione peroxidase activity, which conjugated the AFB1 epoxides with their excretion as reduced glutathione but enhanced the toxic anticoagulant effects of warfarin in young pigs. PMID- 6808874 TI - Toxicology of aflatoxin B1, warfarin, and cadmium in young pigs: clinical chemistry and blood coagulation. AB - The purpose of this experiment was to compare the toxic effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and warfarin in pigs and to determine whether these have an additive effect in these pigs fed dietary Cd. Cadmium was provided daily through the diets of 2 concentrations (0 or control, and 83 micrograms/g of diet) during the 40 days of the experiment. At the start of the 5th week, AFB1 and warfarin were given in 5 daily doses (each dose 0.2 mg/kg of body weight) and the effects were determined for 10 days (starting with the 1st treatment day). Aflatoxin B1 given to the pigs fed the control diet (0 Cd) was toxic, inducing significantly increased alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase activities and the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and significantly decreased values in serum total protein, alpha-globulin, beta-globulin, gamma-globulin, and fibrinogen. There was no effect on blood urea nitrogen. The treatment with warfarin was more effective in producing earlier and significantly longer PT and APTT. In the pigs fed the diet with the added Cd, differences in activity of alkaline phosphatase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase values, but not blood urea nitrogen, as well as differences in intensity and duration of response in PT and APTT occurred when pigs were dosed daily for 5 days after AFB1 or warfarin. It is concluded that dietary Cd (83 micrograms/g of diet) in young pigs has an inhibitory effect on AFB1 toxicity and an enhancing synergistic effect with warfarin. PMID- 6808875 TI - Toxicology of aflatoxin B1, warfarin, and cadmium in young pigs: metal residues and pathology. AB - The effects of feeding dietary cadmium (83 micrograms/g of diet) to young pigs on the distributions of copper, iron, and zinc in urine samples and in kidney, liver, and muscle tissues was determined. The diet with added Cd resulted in renal and hepatic tissue concentrations of 42.90 +/- 10.57 micrograms/g and 7.90 +/- 2.37 micrograms/g, respectively, at the 40th day of the experiment. Iron was found to decrease at the same time, which predisposed to the anemic condition of these pigs. The feeding of dietary CD to pigs prevented extensive fatty hepatocytic infiltration and severe jaundice, but not hydropic degeneration induced by aflatoxin B1. Cadmium increased the toxicity of warfarin with severe lameness, subcutaneous hematomas in the ventral surface of the neck, and death. PMID- 6808876 TI - Experimental Sarcocystis suicanis infections: disease in growing pigs. AB - Four groups of 6 pigs each were given 5 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) sporocysts of a Georgia isolate of Sarcocystis suicanis. Only the 6 pigs given 3 x 10(6) sporocysts became acutely ill at postinoculation days (PID) 12 to 15, and 3 of the 6 diet at PIG 14 or 15. Clinical signs included purpura of the skin of the ear, snout, and buttocks and dyspnea, muscle tremors, and severe locomotor difficulties. Clinical abnormalities were accompanied by laboratory findings of pyrexia, severe anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, megathrombocytosis, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time, and hypofibrinogenemia. Seemingly, excessive intravascular coagulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease in swine. Pigs given 5 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) sporocysts did not exhibit clinical signs; however, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were demonstrated in the pigs at all dosage levels. Growth rates were impaired in surviving pigs. Second-generation schizonts containing merozoites were found in vascular endothelium of pigs dying on PID 14 or 15. Nonsuppurative myocarditis and hepatitis were present. Numerous developing cysts were in the musculature of pigs enthanatized on PIG 35 to 52. Cyst dissolution and resorption occurred concomitantly, indicating that swine may be able to clear the infection. PMID- 6808878 TI - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in areas of high and low prevalence: survey for canine antibodies to spotted fever rickettsiae. AB - Antibodies to Rickettsia rickettsii were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in sera from 149 of 467 dogs (32%) examined from 4 military installations located in Kentucky, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. The prevalence at individual installations ranged from 4.3% at Fort Knox, Ky, to 63.4% at Fort Bragg, NC. Most of the seropositive dogs were in the working and sporting groups of dogs. The difference in antibody prevalence between sexes was not significant. Serologic responses were related to R rickettsii infection, although antibodies to R montana also were detected in a few of the sera. Comparison of serodiagnostic methods indicated that the indirect fluorescent antibody test was more sensitive than was the indirect hemagglutination test for obtaining survey data on the prevalence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the area. PMID- 6808877 TI - Sensitivity of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf field strains to antibody complement under various conditions. AB - Seventy-two field strains of smooth Salmonella cholerae-suis var kunzendorf were obtained from outbreaks of swine parathyroid. The field strains were examined for susceptibility to killing by antibody-complement (Ab-C) after they were exposed to Tris-EDTA, lysozyme, or saline solution. Considerable differences were found in susceptibility to killing by Ab-C in the strain population. Some strains were highly sensitive to Ab-C under all experimental conditions, whereas others became sensitive only after prior exposure to Tris-EDTA or to lysozyme. One strain was resistant to all treatments. Numerical decrease of colony-forming units by Tris EDTA affected the population independently of decrease of the colony-forming units by Ab-C in saline solution. Evidence was obtained to indicate that Tris EDTA may inhibit growth of S cholerae-suis in addition to the documented effect of Tris-EDTA on the release of lipopolysaccharide from the cell wall of gram negative bacteria. PMID- 6808879 TI - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in conscious sheep: role of mast cell degranulation. AB - We used pharmacologic and histologic techniques to investigate the role of mast cells in the mediation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in conscious sheep. Breathing a hypoxic gas mixture (13%, 02, 87% nitrogen) caused hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) with increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance by 97 and 90%, respectively. Intravenous pretreatment with the mast cell membrane stabilizing agent cromolyn sodium (3 mg/kg/min) completely blocked HPV, whereas the H1-histamine receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine, alone or in combination with the H2-receptor antagonist metiamide and the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin, failed to prevent HPV. Cromolyn sodium failed to modify the pulmonary pressor response to infusions of norepinephrine (alpha-agonist), tyramine (catecholamine-releasing agent), and histamine, indicating the specificity of cromolyn sodium action on the mast cells. Electromicroscopic studies of pulmonary perivascular mast cells showed that a 90-min exposure to the hypoxic gas mixture reduced the total number of granules per mast cell to 75% of control. This was blocked by cromolyn sodium pretreatment. We conclude that in conscious sheep], HP[V is initiated by the liberation of a mast cell product (other than histamine) that either directly or indirectly causes pulmonary vasoconstriction. PMID- 6808880 TI - Byssinosis: some unanswered questions. PMID- 6808881 TI - Maillard reaction VII--Browning of glucose with lysine, glycine and glutamic acid. PMID- 6808882 TI - The metabolism of beta-glucosides in Escherichia coli K12. PMID- 6808884 TI - The management of orbitofacial neurofibromatosis. AB - Neurofibromatosis is a rare inherited disease that may present as facial hamartoma or as a more generalized disease with subcutaneous tumors, skin pigmentation in the form of cafe-au-lait patches, and multiple pedunculated neurofibromas on a narrow skin base. The generalized form of the disease is named after von Recklinghausen, who described its main features in 1882. In this paper, we restrict ourselves to a discussion of the craniofacial manifestation of the disorder and also report our experience in treating 2 patients with orbitofacial neurofibromatosis at the Rambam Medical Center in Haifa. PMID- 6808883 TI - [Pharyngolaryngectomy without nasogastric feeding tube nor tracheal cannula (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty three patients have been operated with total laryngectomy (LT) or pharyngolaryngectomy (PLT) with or without Zadical neck dissection, without nasogastric feeding to be and in five cases without tracheal cannula (but connection of a large tracheostomy). The authors demonstrated that there is no increasement of pharyngeal fistua. The beginning of oral alimentation has been made between the 4th and the 6th postoperative day. Such a procedure is more comfortable for the patients and decrease the hospitalisation duration. PMID- 6808885 TI - Falsely elevated values of pituitary hormones in a healthy woman due to interfering heterophilic immunoglobulins. PMID- 6808887 TI - Human mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDm) isozymes. AB - 1. A hydrophobic/phospholipid electrophoretic system has been devised which makes possible the analysis of human mitochondrial glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.99.5. GPDM). 2. GPDM has a wide tissue distribution in both adult and foetal life and is active in cultured lymphoblastoid cells and fibroblasts but is absent from red cells. 3. The solubilization procedure does not significantly alter the kinetic properties of the enzyme (Km alpha-glycerophosphate = 0.04-0.07 M, Km PMS = 0.19-0.35 mM) but the soluble form is less thermostable. 4. Comparisons of physicochemical characteristics, tissue distribution and coenzyme requirement point to a separate genetic determination and low level of evolutionary relatedness between GPDM and its cytosolic counterpart GPDS. PMID- 6808886 TI - [Familial partial resistance to thyroid hormones. A report on one case (author's transl)]. AB - Exploratory tests were conducted in a mother and her son presenting partial resistance to thyroid hormones. This resistance was best diminished by T3, but at the cost of very enhanced peripheral blood hormone levels, without clinical signs of hyperthyroidism. It is suggested that this resistance phenomenon is much more common than is generally accepted, but that it usually does not present the marked caricatural aspect as seen in the case reported. PMID- 6808888 TI - Tumour induction by carcinogens in iron deficient rats. AB - The hypothesis that the impaired delayed hypersensitivity reactions noted in humans with iron deficiency might predispose to malignant disease, has been examined in two experimental tumour situations. Dimethylbenzanthracene induced mammary tumours an methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcomas have been studied in female Wistar rats. There is no difference between controls and animals fed on a semi-synthetic iron deficient diet when assessed by induction time, tumour size, total number of tumours, histological characteristics, or incidence of metastases. No support for the hypothesis has been found. PMID- 6808889 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance in newborns. AB - In adults, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) acid-base balance is an important determinant of cerebral blood flow, ventilatory drive, and state of consciousness. Sixteen lumbar punctures were performed on newborns (mean gestational age, 33.8 weeks; range, 26 to 44 weeks). The mean CSF pH was 7.366 units, 0.036 less than the mean capillary blood pH (NS). The mean CSF arterial carbon dioxide tension (PCO2) was 40.3 mm Hg, 6.7 greater than the mean blood PCO2 (p less than 0.01). The mean bicarbonate ion concentration in CSF was 21.8 mEq/L, 1.2 greater than that in blood (NS). Acid-base determinations in CSF of neonates with intraventricular hemorrhage did not differ significantly from those of neonates with otherwise normal CSF. These acid-base values are similar to those found in adults and did not vary with gestational age, suggesting that mechanisms to establish this acid-base gradient are developed by 26 weeks' gestation. PMID- 6808890 TI - Measurement of the scrapie agent using an incubation time interval assay. AB - The titer of the scrapie agent was determined by measurements of time intervals from inoculation to onset of illness and from inoculation to death. Both intervals were found to be inversely proportional to the size of the dose injected intracerebrally into random-bred weanling Syrian hamsters. The logarithms of the time intervals minus a time factor were linear functions of the logarithm of the inoculum size. The time factors were determined by regression analysis in order to maximize these linear relationships. An equation relating the titer of the inoculum to the dilution of the sample and the length of the time intervals was developed. This equation facilitates the use of a computerized data base. Validation of these relationships was provided by comparing samples for which the agent was measured both by end-point titration and by time interval assay. Agreement between the two methods was generally within +/-0.5 log10 median infective dose units. No differences between the molecular properties of the agents from hamster and murine sources were observed using primarily the incubation time interval method with the former and end-point titration with the latter. The advantages of this new approach based on time interval measurements are considerable with respect to time and resources. PMID- 6808891 TI - Generalized paroxysmal fast activity: electroencephalographic and clinical features. AB - We reviewed electroencephalographic and clinical features of 20 patients with generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA). All had seizure disorders and all but 3 had more than one seizure type. Mental retardation was present in 17 patients. In most cases no cause for the seizures could be found. GPFA occurred almost exclusively in sleep. Fifteen patients had clinical seizures associated with this activity; in 8 the seizures were tonic. Additional generalized epileptiform abnormalities were present in 18 patients, 10 of whom had slow spike and wave complexes. Only 4 patients had normal background activity. PMID- 6808892 TI - Occipitotemporal epilepsy studied with stereotaxically implanted depth electrodes and successfully treated by temporal resection. AB - A young woman had seizures suggestive of temporal lobe origin with some clinical features indicative of occipital onset. Electroencephalograms recorded through scalp and sphenoidal electrodes showed predominantly right posterior temporooccipital epileptogenic discharges. Stereotaxic depth electrode recordings from the right temporal and occipital lobes demonstrated that some seizures arose independently from either the temporal or occipital lobes. Most arose within the occipital lobe, but, to become clinically evident, the seizure discharge had to spread to the temporal lobe. Following temporal lobe resection, including excision of limbic structures, the patient has remained seizure free for four years except for a few generalized seizures before and after delivery of her child. PMID- 6808893 TI - Neuraminidase deficiency and accumulation of sialic acid in lymphocytes in adult type sialidosis with partial beta-galactosidase deficiency. AB - Neuraminidase deficiency has been demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts of patients who have adult type sialidosis with partial beta-galactosidase deficiency. A substantial amount of residual enzyme activity has been observed in leukocytes, however. To explain this discrepancy, the nature and distribution of the enzyme were studied. Neuraminidase activity was higher in lymphocytes than in granulocytes of normal controls. In patients' lymphocytes, neuraminidase activity was profoundly decreased and total sialic acid contents were increased 2.3-fold. Two neuraminidases, one sonication-labile and the other sonication-stable, were found in lymphocytes; the former was predominant in cultured skin fibroblasts. The defective enzyme in this disorder was found to be the sonication-labile neuraminidase in both cultured skin fibroblasts and lymphocytes. PMID- 6808896 TI - The idea of health: a philosophical inquiry. PMID- 6808895 TI - Photosynthetic bacterial reaction centers: interactions among the bacteriochlorophylls and bacteriopheophytins. PMID- 6808898 TI - Pragmatic survivalism: behavior patterns affecting low-level wellness among minority group members. PMID- 6808894 TI - Fast neutron radiation therapy. PMID- 6808899 TI - Life satisfaction of poor urban black aged. PMID- 6808900 TI - The use of orthodox and black American folk medicine. PMID- 6808897 TI - Nursing, the family, and the "new" social history. PMID- 6808901 TI - Health beliefs and practices in a middle-income Anglo-American neighborhood. PMID- 6808902 TI - A model of adaptation to the thermal environment. PMID- 6808903 TI - Position changes and their physiological consequences. PMID- 6808905 TI - Psychophysiological effects of slow stroke back massage in normotensive females. PMID- 6808904 TI - Trust, life events, and risk factors among adults. PMID- 6808906 TI - The use of animals in nursing research. PMID- 6808907 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the methods for determining the active substance in carbenicillin]. PMID- 6808909 TI - Examination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa-gentamicin discrepancies encountered in an Autobac I-disk diffusion comparison. AB - Seven Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains found to be susceptible to gentamicin by the Autobac I system and resistant by the Bauer-Kirby disk diffusion method were tested for the presence of mixed populations of cells. Double zones of inhibition randomly appeared on gentamicin disk diffusion plates, and susceptible and resistant subpopulations were isolated from these plates. Growth kinetic studies of separated strains and mixed subpopulations indicated that the susceptible organisms grew rapidly and were read as susceptible at 5 h with the Autobac I system. Resistant organisms entered a sustained lag phase and did not achieve sufficient turbidity to be read as resistant with the Autobac I system before 6 h. Thus, a false reading of susceptible could be obtained with the Autobac I system, depending on the ratio of susceptible organisms to resistant organisms selected for testing. A mixed susceptible and resistant population could be recognized by extending the incubation time of the Autobac I cuvette or by using other susceptibility methods to test isolates with light-scattering indexes of less than 1.0. PMID- 6808908 TI - Microcin 15m from Escherichia coli: mechanism of antibiotic action. AB - It has been previously established that a high proportion of enterobacteria isolated from the intestinal content of humans, mostly Escherichia coli strains, secrete into the culture media antibiotic substances of low molecular weight, which have been called microcins. It was also found that the synthesis of these antibiotics is determined by plasmids. In this paper, a method for the purification of microcin 15m is described, and experimental data are given on the mechanism of its action. The data indicate that this action is based mainly on the inhibition of the first enzyme of the methionine biosynthetic pathway, homoserine-O-transsuccinylase, a similar way to the allosteric inhibition caused by this amino acid. PMID- 6808911 TI - Antibiotic susceptibility and synergy of clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. AB - Antibiotic susceptibility and synergy were studied in 12 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes from patients with meningitis and septicemia. Rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) were the most potent single drugs tested. Approximately 80% of the strains demonstrated full synergistic bactericidal activity with rifampin in combination with penicillin or ampicillin. Clinical experience dictates that ampicillin or penicillin should remain the antibiotic of choice in the treatment of severe infections, such as meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes. Where the use of penicillin is contraindicated (e.g., allergy or failure to respond), use of TMP-SMX might be considered. Further in vitro and vivo studies are needed before therapy with rifampin or TMP-SMX in combination with penicillin or ampicillin can be recommended. PMID- 6808913 TI - Placental transfer of disodium sulbenicillin. AB - The concentrations of sulbenicillin in maternal and fetal blood and in the amniotic fluid compartment were measured in 27 women at parturition. With an intramuscular injection of 2,000 mg of sulbenicillin, the highest concentration of sulbenicillin in maternal blood (109.0 micrograms/ml) was attained at 55 min. The highest concentrations in umbilical cord blood (approximately 25 micrograms/ml) were attained between 1 and 3 h after dosage. The peak concentration in amniotic fluid (27.1 micrograms/ml) was attained approximately 7.5 h after sulbenicillin administration. PMID- 6808910 TI - Agar disk diffusion for the quality control testing of Autobac elution disks. AB - The standard disk diffusion method of Bauer et al. (Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 45:493 496, 1966; National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, Performance standards for antimicrobial disc susceptibility tests, approved standard ASM-2, 2nd ed., 1979) was used to monitor the potency of 16 Autobac antibiotic elution disks over an 8-month period. Results obtained by using the three recommended Autobac control strains showed excellent reproducibility. Zones sizes were all within a 5-mm range, and standard deviations ranged from 0.6 to 1.3 mm. PMID- 6808912 TI - Trapping of nonhydrolyzable cephalosporins by cephalosporinases in Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a possible resistance mechanism. AB - Resistance to cefotaxime (CTA) and ceftriaxone (CTR) in Enterobacter cloacae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated in several strains which are susceptible or resistant to these agents. All strains produced a chromosomally mediated cephalosporinase of the Richmond type 1. beta-Lactamases in susceptible strains were inducible, whereas resistant strains produced the enzymes constitutively. CTA and CTR were very poor substrates but potent inhibitors of all enzymes. Binding to, rather than hydrolysis by, beta-lactamases was assumed to be a major reason for resistance, and combination experiments supported this assumption. Dicloxacillin, which did not inhibit the growth and which was a poor inducer but a strong inhibitor of these beta-lactamases, exerted strong synergistic activity when combined with CTA or CTR in strains which produced large amounts of beta lactamase constitutively. Cefoxitin, on the other hand, poorly active alone, but a good inducer, strongly antagonized CTA or CTR in susceptible strains producing inducible enzymes. In marked contrast to CTA and CTR were the findings with cefsulodin. Cefsulodin was active against CTA- and CTR-resistant Pseudomonas, and its activity was hardly influenced by dicloxacillin or cefoxitin. Since cefsulodin was found to have a very low affinity for all cephalosporinases, these findings corroborate the assumption that binding of nonhydrolyzable cephalosporins, rather than hydrolysis by cephalosporinases, may play an important role in resistance to these agents and other newer cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae, as well as in other gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6808914 TI - Tetracycline resistance of Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from diphtheria patients in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - Of 133 Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates from diphtheria patients in Jakarta, Indonesia, 86% were resistant to greater than or equal to 32 micrograms of tetracycline per ml. All isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, penicillin, erythromycin, and kanamycin. The general resistance of C. diphtheriae to tetracycline in this part of Indonesia appears to be unique compared with resistance reported in studies done in other parts of the world. PMID- 6808916 TI - An evaluation of the rate constants for the adsorption of the defective phage PBS Z to Bacillus subtilis. AB - The adsorption of the defective phage PBS Z of Bacillus subtilis has previously been assumed to proceed in two steps, a reversible adsorption of extended phages followed by contraction of the adsorbed particles (Steensma, 1981a). This model, also used for other phages, explained the biphasic character of the adsorption curve, but a discrepancy was found between the calculated and observed concentrations of adsorbed, extended phages. Computer simulations indicated that this might be caused by inhomogeneity of the phage preparations with respect to their adsorption properties and that in that case other models would also fit the experimental data. Discrimination between the models was not possible on the basis of the available information on PBS Z and it was therefore concluded that the values reported previously for the rate constants (Steensma, 1981a) should be used with caution. PMID- 6808917 TI - Wound healing in malnourished patients. PMID- 6808915 TI - The metabolic versatility of pseudomonads. PMID- 6808918 TI - Antimicrobial characteristic of insoluble alkylpyridinium iodide. AB - Insoluble and soluble alkylpyridinium iodides (C8 to C18) were synthesized. The insoluble agents were quaternized 4-vinylpyridine-divinylbenzene copolymers. The insoluble agent [C12(50)] that contained 50% divinylbenzene and had a C12 alkyl chain was selected as the most suitable insoluble agent. C12(50) showed poor durability of the antibacterial activity, but C12(50), which had lost the activity, was refreshed by washing with ethanol. This washing became ineffective after a few cycles of antibacterial treatment and refreshment. Such C12(50) recovered the activity upon 1.0 N NaOH treatment. The antibacterial activity of C12(50) depended on its surface area. It showed high antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria and also showed activity against gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. But the activities of C12(50) and laurylpyridinium iodide solution were different against some microbes. The antibacterial activities of the agents were investigated against Escherichia coli and Micrococcus luteus under various conditions. The activity of C12(50) was higher at a higher temperature or at a lower cell concentration. The activity of C12(50) decreased on addition of NaCl, glucose, or bovine albumin to the cell suspension or in 0.01 M sodium-potassium phosphate buffer. C12(50) showed less activity when cells were mixed with dead cells or the supernatant of dead cells killed in an autoclave. The mode of action of the laurylpyridinium iodide solution against E. coli and M. luteus was similar to that of C12(50) except for the influence of E. coli cell concentration. PMID- 6808919 TI - Occurrence of aflatoxins in oilseeds providing cocoa-butter substitutes. AB - Four oilseeds providing cocoa-butter substitutes--shea, pentadecima, illipe, and salseed--when tested as substrates for aflatoxin production by two strains of Aspergillus parasiticus, gave varying levels of aflatoxin. Aflatoxins were found at low levels occurring naturally in moldy shea-nuts, but none of 21 commercial shea-nut samples contained greater than 20 micrograms of aflatoxin B1 per kg. PMID- 6808920 TI - Sensitivity of aflatoxin b1 to ionizing radiation. AB - Aflatoxin B1 in a 5-micrograms/ml water solution was sensitive to ionizing radiation. Inactivation was assayed by the Ames microsome mutagenicity test and confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. Destruction of aflatoxin B1 had already begun at 2.5 kilograms (kGy; 1 kGy = 0.1 Mrad), but a dose exceeding 10 kGy was necessary for total destruction. PMID- 6808922 TI - Differential changes in ornithine aminotransferase self-affinity produced by exposure to basic amino acids and the increases in the intrinsic electronegativity of the enzyme monomer. PMID- 6808921 TI - Microcystis aeruginosa toxin: cell culture toxicity, hemolysis, and mutagenicity assays. AB - Crude toxin was prepared by lyophilization and extraction of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa from four natural sources and a unicellular laboratory culture. The responses of cultures of liver (Mahlavu and PCL/PRF/5), lung (MRC-5), cervix (HeLa), ovary (CHO-K1), and kidney (BGM, MA-104, and Vero) cell lines to these preparations did not differ significantly from one another, indicating that toxicity was not specific for liver cells. The results of a trypan blue staining test showed that the toxin disrupted cell membrane permeability within a few minutes. Human, mouse, rat, sheep, and Muscovy duck erythrocytes were also lysed within a few minutes. Hemolysis was temperature dependent, and the reaction seemed to follow first-order kinetics. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, and Tetrahymena pyriformis were not significantly affected by the toxin. The toxin yielded negative results in Ames/Salmonella mutagenicity assays. Microtiter cell culture, trypan blue, and hemolysis assays for Microcystis toxin are described. The effect of the toxin on mammalian cell cultures was characterized by extensive disintegration of cells and was distinguishable from the effects of E. coli enterotoxin, toxic chemicals, and pesticides. A possible reason for the acute lethal effect of Microcystis toxin, based on cytolytic activity, is discussed. PMID- 6808924 TI - Delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthase of Euglena gracilis: physical and kinetic properties. PMID- 6808923 TI - Denitrosation of carcinostatic nitrosoureas by purified NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase and rat liver microsomes to yield nitric oxide under anaerobic conditions. PMID- 6808925 TI - Effects of vitamin E, ascorbic acid and mannitol on alloxan-induced lipid peroxidation in rats. PMID- 6808927 TI - NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase from methanol-grown Pichia pastoris NRRL-Y-7556. PMID- 6808926 TI - Purification of characterization of a minor form of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 from rats treated with polychlorinated biphenyls. PMID- 6808928 TI - Affinity purification and glucose specificity of aldose reductase from bovine lens. PMID- 6808930 TI - Blue-red macules and pseudoatrophic macules: additional cutaneous signs in neurofibromatosis. AB - Blue-red macules and pseudoatrophic macules are characteristic skin lesions of neurofibromatosis that have been infrequently mentioned in the recent literature. The histologic characteristics of the blue-red macules show thick-walled blood vessels located mainly in the papillary dermis and often overlying subcutaneous neurofibromatous tissue. The histologic characteristics of the pseudoatrophic macules show a reduction in collagen in the reticular dermis, with diffuse replacement by neuroid tissue. These clinical signs can be detected early in the course of the disease and are useful in establishing an early diagnosis. PMID- 6808932 TI - Excessive nail growth in the European ferret induced by Aroclor 1242. PMID- 6808934 TI - Utilization of morphometric analysis in evaluating response of Plectonema boryanum (Cyanophyceae) to exposure to eight heavy metals. PMID- 6808933 TI - Polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclors 1016 and 1242): effect on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases in mink and ferrets. PMID- 6808931 TI - Effect of posture on gastro-oesophageal reflux in the newborn. AB - The effect of posture on gastro-oesophageal reflux was studied by giving 72 orogastric tube feeds to 18 low birthweight babies. Each infant was studied in each of 4 positions: prone, supine, right, and left lateral. Brilliant blue was added to feeds and reflux was determined by staining of a cotton thread opposite the holes in a feeding tube passing from the nose to the distal oesophagus. A comparison of the prone and supine positions showed that significantly less reflux occurred in the prone position. PMID- 6808935 TI - Structure-toxicity relationships of selected nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds II. Dinitrogen molecules. PMID- 6808938 TI - [Relative importance of primary resistance in the cure rate of tuberculosis in Niger]. PMID- 6808929 TI - A comparative study of the binding of L-tryptophan and bilirubin by plasma proteins. PMID- 6808936 TI - [Evaluation of chemoantibiotics resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6808939 TI - [Special program for research and training in tropical diseases]. PMID- 6808940 TI - Cellular localization of the Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase in the human testis. AB - An examination of the activity of the Mn2+-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC) in fine needle biopsies from human testes was made. Simultaneously the DNA distribution patterns in suspensions of testicular cells derived from the same patients have been determined. The DNA distribution patterns were estimated by microflow fluorimetry (MFF) after straining with fluorochrome (ethidium bromide). Thus, AC activity could be assessed and correlated with the relative number of haploid (1C = spermatids), diploid (2C = spermatogonia and testicular somatic cells), and tetraploid (4C = primary spermatocytes) cells. Testicular Mn2+ dependent AC activities varied between 0 and 8.4 pmol cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/mg protein/min and were highly correlated with the contents of haploid (1C) germ cells (spermatids) (r = 0.62, p less than 0.01). There was no correlation between Mn2+-dependent AC activity and diploid or tetraploid cells. This indicates that the Mn2+-dependent AC activity in the human testis, like in the rat and mouse, may be exclusively localized to haploid germ cells. An inverse correlation between plasma FSH and Mn2+-dependent AC activities indicated reduced inhibin secretion in situations where the Sertoli cells did not maintain the testicular germ cell production. PMID- 6808941 TI - Desensitization of FSH-responsive adenylyl cyclase in cultured immature Sertoli cells by homologous hormone. AB - Sertoli cell monolayers were prepared from 19-day-old rat testes. On day 7 of culture cells were incubated for 24 hr in the presence or absence of ovine follicle stimulating hormone (oFSH). Cells were harvested, and adenylyl cyclase responses of the membrane particles to FSH, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), isoproterenol, and fluoride (F-) were examined in the presence of either GTP or the nonhydrolyzable guanylyl nucleotide GMP-P(NH)P. Culturing the cells in presence of FSH caused a hormone specific desensitization of FSH-responsive adenylyl cyclase, whereas responses to isoproterenol and fluoride were unaffected. Activation of Sertoli cell adenylyl cyclase by GTP and GMP-P(NH)P showed no difference between cells preincubated with or without FSH, indicating that FSH did not change the activity of the G/F (or N) component or its interaction with the catalytic subunit of the adenylyl cyclase. FSH-responsive adenylyl cyclase in cultured Sertoli cells has been shown to be selectively desensitized by homologous hormone. The mechanism may involve alteration or loss of the FSH receptor or changes in the "coupling" of the FSH receptors to the G/F component of the adenylyl cyclase, since there was no alteration in the guanylyl nucleotide and fluoride activation. PMID- 6808937 TI - [Bacteriological study of 174 mycobacterial strains isolated from tuberculosis patients in Niger]. PMID- 6808942 TI - Diurnal variations of pituitary and testicular hormones in paraplegic men. AB - The effect of the neuro-spinal cord injury upon testicular physiology was evaluated in six adult paraplegic (PPG) men by measuring the circulating levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), androstenedione, testosterone, and dihydrotestosterone every 4 hr throughout a 24 hr period. Three PPG men were studied within the first 3 months (acute period) and the other three patients 39-79 months (stabilized period) after trauma. Hormonal values were compared with eight age-matched normal adult males. Plasma FSH and LH were constantly above normal concentrations regardless of the sampling time and period of observation, whereas prolactin was higher than normal only during the first two months after trauma, returning to normal afterwards. Plasma androgens were consistently below normal during the first 3 months after injury, and returned toward normal thereafter. There may be a direct relationship between the time elapsed after the spinal cord injury and the plasma androgens concentrations. A possible role of PRL in testicular steroidogenesis is suggested. PMID- 6808943 TI - Varicocelectomy. PMID- 6808945 TI - Brucella abortus endocarditis: successful treatment of an infected aortic valve. AB - This report describes a patient with Brucella abortus septicemia in whom aortic valvular endocarditis developed. Treatment with antibiotics and valve replacement was successful. PMID- 6808948 TI - [Postprandial bidirectional tachycardia]. PMID- 6808946 TI - Fetal blood group determination in amniotic cells. PMID- 6808947 TI - [Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and Uhl's disease]. AB - Ventricular tachycardia with left bundle branch block appearance in adults without coronary artery disease may be due to arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. This condition forms part of a spectrum with the complete form of Uhl's anomaly at one end and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia at the other. Both conditions have similar histological appearances representing the same congenital defect but the macroscopic appearances are quite different. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia seems to be a slowly progressive condition with one or more localisations in the right ventricle where the myocardium is replaced by adipose tissue with progression of lesions from the epicardium towards the endocardium. The subepicardial layers resemble a plexiform structure of partially degenerated myocardial fibres within fibro-adipose tissue. These fibres may be the site of slowing of activation and the anatomical basis of intraventricular reentry phenomena. A similar appearance is also found in UHl's anomaly, but the severe dilatation of the ventricle and almost complete absence of muscle fibres only leaves a few zones with surviving, partially degenerated myocardial fibres. Clinically, a cardiothoracic index of over 0.60 is more common in Uhl's anomaly whilst arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia is usually associated with a normal cardiac silhouette or only slight cardiomegaly. The differential diagnosis is important if surgery is being considered. An appropriate technique must be chosen to avoid supraventricular arrhythmias which can lethal in patients with Uhl's anomaly. PMID- 6808944 TI - Biotransformation of arachidonic acid by the antrum pyloricum of the bovine abomasum. PMID- 6808951 TI - [Continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic recording (Holter method) in coronary pathology]. PMID- 6808949 TI - [Validity of the Stanford method in the evaluation of segmental dyskinesia of the left ventricle]. PMID- 6808950 TI - [Left ventricular aneurysm in the evaluation of coronary disease. Value of systematic angiocoronarography and segmental analysis]. PMID- 6808952 TI - [Origin of right bundle branch block after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6808954 TI - [Quantitative left ventricular angiography. Importance, short- and long-term prognosis in the replacement of a mitral valve only]. PMID- 6808955 TI - [Hemodynamic evaluation of mitral and aortic bioprosthesis. Apropos of 27 Carpentier-Edwards and 7 hancock (standard model) prostheses]. PMID- 6808953 TI - [Prognosis of asymptomatic or slightly symptomatic chronic aortic insufficiency. Apropos of 54 patients followed for an average of 36 months]. AB - A series of 54 patients with chronic aortic insufficiency with little (38) or no symptoms (16) were studied. All had severe regurgitation leading to discussion of aortic valve replacement. All patients (44 male and 10 female) underwent clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and angiographic investigation with assessment of left ventricular volume by monoplane 30 degrees cineangiography on entry to the study. They were then followed-up for an average of 36 months and the data assessed in a prospective study. At the end of the 36 months period, 4 patients had been lost to follow-up but were still alive, 31 patients were unchanged (Group A) and 19 patients had deteriorated (Group B). The parameters characterising Group B (P less than 0.001) were: corrected cardiac surface area of 1,72 +/- 0,13, a Sokolow index of 60,1 +/- 18,8 mm an ejection fraction of 56.2 +/- 14 % and a left ventricular end diastolic value of 225,3 ml/m2. Therefore, in chronic asymptomatic aortic incompetence, the parameters of cardiac dilatation, cardiac surface area greater than 1,70 and left ventricular end diastolic volume greater than 170 ml/m2, would appear to be good indications for aortic valve replacement. However, the values are nor formal criteria because a discrepancy between symptoms and the volumetric measurements may be observed in some cases, and also large variations in these measurements may be observed in patients in the same functional class. PMID- 6808956 TI - [Short- and medium-term hemodynamic effects of prazosin in chronic refractory cardiac failure]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of prazosin, a post-synaptic alpha blocker, were studied in 10 patients with chronic stable cardiac failure, in Classes III and IV of the NYHA classification, resistant to digitalis and diuretic therapy. The measurements of pressure and cardiac output were carried out by right heart catheterisation and thermodilution. The administration of the first dose (1 to 3 mg) led to a 38% reduction in mean right atrial pressure, a 22% reduction in mean pulmonary artery pressure, a 22 u reduction of wedge pulmonary artery pressure and a 15% reduction of systemic vascular resistance. The systolic index rose by 20%, systemic blood pressure and heart rate remained unchanged. After 7 days, treatment with 3 to 12 ng/day of prazosin mean right atrial pressure had fallen by 54%, mean pulmonary artery pressure by 37%, and wedge pulmonary artery pressure by 48%. The systolic index increased by 27%. The blood pressure was unchanged, but the heart rate decreased by 10%. The patients lost an average of 2,7 Kg in weight. These results show that in the short term, prazosin had a mixed vasodilator effect on both arteries and veins. In the medium term the arterial vasodilator action appears to be significantly smaller but remains detectable with doses greater than 8 mg/day, whilst the venous vasodilator effect persists, unchanged. PMID- 6808959 TI - [Value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of Uhl's disease. Apropos of a case in an adult]. AB - Uhl's anomaly, or paper thin right ventricle is a rare congenital malformation which may present with variable degrees of hypoplasia. The most severe forms are encountered in infants and children, but a less serious form occurs in adolescents and adults which, clinically. There are a number of echocardiographic features common to both diseases but paper-thin right ventricle may be distinguished by the finding of premature opening of the pulmonary value. The increased atrial contraction in these patients with right ventricles of reduced compliance is directly transmitted to the pulmonary artery, leading to end diastolic opening of the pulmonary value before tricuspid closure. The case presented underlines the value of M mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of Uhl's anomaly and in the differential diagnosis with Ebstein's anomaly. PMID- 6808960 TI - [Ventricular tachycardia. Study methods and status of current knowledge]. PMID- 6808958 TI - [Long-term psychological adaptation to the implantation of cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 6808957 TI - [Partial interruption of the inferior vena cava. More restrictive indications? Apropos of 176 cases]. PMID- 6808962 TI - GTP pool expansion is necessary for the growth rate increase occurring in Bacillus subtilis after amino acids shift-up. AB - After addition of amino acids to a Bacillus subtilis glucose culture the intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) concentration increased. The growth rate and the rate of RNA accumulation increased too. With mycophenolic acid, an inhibitor of inosinate dehydrogenase, it was possible to adjust the intracellular GTP concentration to values ranging between that of the glucose culture and that of the culture which had received amino acids. This led to intermediate growth rate values. Guanosine abolished the mycophenolic acid inhibition of GTP synthesis. It also counteracted the drug effects on growth rate and RNA accumulation. In cultures growing on Nutrient Sporulation Medium, in which the growth rate decreases as cell density increases, the GTP concentration did correlate with the growth rate. PMID- 6808963 TI - Anaerobic degradation of uric acid via pyrimidine derivatives by selenium-starved cells of Clostridium purinolyticum. AB - Clostridium purinolyticum decomposed uric acid via pyrimidine derivatives under selenium starvation conditions. Products were acetate, formate, glycine, ammonia, and CO2. 4,5-Diaminouracil could be identified as an intermediate after converting the labile substance into 6,7-dimethyllumazine. The breakdown of uric acid was inhibited by EDTA. High-pressure liquid chromatography methods have been developed for the simultaneous determination of uric acid, 4,5-diaminouracil, and 6,7-dimethyllumazine. The significance of the new pathway is discussed. PMID- 6808961 TI - Exchange of colicin receptor capacity between strains of Escherichia coli sensitive or resistant to colicin K-K235. AB - Phage and colicin-resistant mutants were derived from Escherichia coli K-12P678. Two classes of phage T6 and colicin K-resistant mutants (genotype tsx) were isolated. Tsx-2 mutants, which demonstrated mucoid growth and increased sensitivities to many antibiotics, became sensitive to colicin K when pretreated with ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), whereas Tsx-1 mutants did not. Reassociation of EDTA-released material partially restored resistance to colicin K for Tsx-2 mutants. When EDTA-released material from strain P678 was associated with either class of K-resistant mutant, an increase in colicin K sensitivity resulted. Observations suggest that colicin K can act on its target site once it penetrates the cell surface. In addition, results suggest that functional colicin K receptors can be transferred from sensitive to resistant strains, thus conferring colicin sensitivity. PMID- 6808965 TI - [Protective antigens of the swine erysipelas bacterium (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. 1. Specific demonstration of the protective antigen]. PMID- 6808964 TI - R68.45 mediated chromosomal gene transfer in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. AB - A large plasmid enables its host Agrobacterium tumefaciens to cause tumorous condition in a wide variety of dicotyledonous plants[see Ooms et al. Gene 14:33- 50 (1981) )). The location and role of chromosomal genes in this phenomenon are not known. As the first stage in studying this aspect, a project was initiated to investigate the chromosomal genetics of the bacterium. R68.45, a P group plasmid, was chosen as a transmission agent. After a preliminary assessment it was decided to use C58 as a standard strain to carry out the mapping. The plasmid itself, as judged by the presence of antibiotic markers, appears to be stable in A. tumefaciens; its ability to promote chromosomal mobilisation, however, remains only in 60--80% transconjugants. Good Agrobacterium donors are capable of transferring chromosomal genes at a frequency varying between 10(-5) to 10(-6) per recipient. The recombinants are stable even under non-selective conditions. A linear linkage map consisting of 16 markers was built using coinheritance frequencies obtained from 21 four-point crosses. PMID- 6808966 TI - [Protective antigens of the swine erysipelas bacterium (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. 2. Further characterization of the protective antigen]. PMID- 6808968 TI - [Phenobarbital in the newborn (author's transl)]. AB - Neonates with severe cerebral damage are usually given phenobarbital. The authors study the various means of administration and the influence of term and concomitant mannitol administration on the plasma levels of the drug. They recommend the intravenous administration of a load dose and show that phenobarbital blood levels are significantly less in prematures or in children who have been given mannitol. PMID- 6808967 TI - [Bacterial endocarditis due to Corynebacterium diphtheriae (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bacterial endocarditis with unusual features in a 5 year-old boy is reported. There was no underlying heart disease or provocating factor. The organism was a non toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae which was difficult to classify. It appeared to be close to the JK group of Corynebacterium described by the Center for Disease Control and considered as possibly responsible for severe infections. However, it was sensitive to penicillin. The course of the disease was complicated by the destruction of coronary valves and by splenic infarctus. Replacement of the aortic valve with a prosthesis was necessary. The boy was finally cured but the outcome remains uncertain. PMID- 6808969 TI - [Immunopathological characteristics of the lymphocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, fractionated on gradients of various densities]. AB - Spontaneous rosettes and membrane immunofluorescence for the various classes of heavy and light immune globulin have been determined on lymphocyte subfractions obtained from the blood of 6 normal subjects and 16 patients with CLL by separation on gradients of various density. Whereas in the normal subject lymphocyte immunological features proved similar in all fractions, in CLL they presented significant differences from fraction to fraction, with the presence only in certain fractions of the lymphocyte peak with monoclonal membrane immune globulin and without peak coincidence for IgD and IgM, probably as a result of changes in the physico-chemical features of the lymphocytes occurring during maturation. All fractions presented a sizeable complement of lymphocytes not forming rosettes and without demonstrable membrane immune globulins. The correlation between the behaviour of membrane labels and lymphocyte morphology, stage, duration and course of the disease has been analysed. The variability in lymphocyte subfraction characteristics separable at different densities may explain discrepancies of findings in researches carried out in lymphocytes that separate only at gradient of density 1077. PMID- 6808970 TI - [Unusual pathology caused by Salmonella in the Greater Hospital of Milan in the 3 year period of 1977-1979]. AB - At the Central Laboratory of the Medical School, University of Milano, Italy, 44 Salmonella strains were isolated from morbid materials other than stools during the three-years period 1977-79 (blood 26, urine 6, pus 3, pleural fluid 4, bile 3, upper respiratory mucus 2). In the present paper, nine cases of Salmonella infections, selected for their unusual localization a/o their peculiar clinical onset, are reviewed. From most of the clinical histories it appears that, in quite a few occasions, the episode due to Salmonella has been favoured or conditioned by a preexisting disease, therefore suggesting a nosocomial-type event. It also appears that the help from the microbiologist was often requested less than promptly, and minimal requirements for its efficacy were seldom achieved. PMID- 6808971 TI - [Protein utilization in lysine-supplemented barley protein and effectiveness of the limiting amino acid lysine in growing pigs]. AB - In 57 N-balance experiments with castrated male pigs (20 ... 65 kg live weight) the influence of graded lysine supplements to crushed barley enriched with energy, minerals and vitamins on nitrogen metabolism and lysine effectiveness was tested. Close correlative relations between lysine concentration and the b-value, the NPU-value, N-balance and N-excretion in urine could be detected. In agreement with the law of minimum a constant lysine effectiveness could be observed within the limiting range. The supplemented synthetic lysine distinguished itself by the same effectiveness as the protein-bound barley lysine. When barley supplemented with lysine is used, an amount of lysine supplement should be chosen from the point of view of nutrition physiology which raises the total lysine content to a maximum level of 6.3 g/16 g N because lysine supplementation exceeding this value without the simultaneous supplementation of limiting threonine remains ineffective. PMID- 6808972 TI - Toxicity of the progestagen STS 557 compared to levonorgestrel in beagles after oral administration for 6 months. AB - Female and male beagle dogs were administered orally STS 557 (17 alpha cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-13 beta-methyl-gon-4,9(10)-dien-3-one) for 6 months at dose levels of 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg/day, and levonorgestrel at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day, respectively. The results mainly confirmed the gestagenic efficacy on the reproductive organs of both compounds acting directly or via the anterior pituitary gland. In contrast to levonorgestrel, STS 557 did not show any androgenic activity, but had slightly estrogenic effects. Neither clinical, functional nor morphological investigations revealed toxic side effects of the drugs on the liver, the kidneys, the bone marrow, or on blood clotting function. PMID- 6808973 TI - Complete metal ion requirement of influenza virus N1 neuraminidases. Brief report. AB - Influenza virus neuraminidases of the N1 serotype exhibit a complete dependence on Ca++ ions for activity. It is recommended that viral neuraminidase activity routinely be assessed in buffers containing 5 mM CaCl2. PMID- 6808975 TI - Valproic acid in the treatment of nonepileptic myoclonus. PMID- 6808974 TI - Coronavirus-like particles in nonhuman primate feces. AB - Coronavirus-like particles were detected by electron microscopy in normal and diarrhea stool specimens from baboons, chimpanzees, macaques, and marmosets. There was a high prevalence of particles in both normal and diarrhea stools of older animals, whereas stools from nonweaned animals rarely contained these coronavirus-like particles. PMID- 6808976 TI - Treatment of primary reading epilepsy with valproic acid. PMID- 6808978 TI - Psychometric assessment in absence status. AB - A 66-year-old woman had a ten-year history of attacks of absence status lasting two days. The clinical and psychometric manifestations of absence status in this patients were identical to those found in dementia. Unless a history of fluctuation in the behavioral disturbance is obtained, such a case of absence status may be misdiagnosed as dementia. The results of the longitudinal assessment indicated that the patient suffered more frequent episodes of cognitive impairment than she realized and that such dificits lasted longer than was initially believed. PMID- 6808977 TI - Influence of cerebral venous obstruction on cerebral circulation in humans. AB - The influence of cerebral venous obstruction on cerebral circulation was investigated in three patients with cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis in the chronic stage. The xenon Xe 133 intracarotid injection method was used to evaluate the cerebral blood flow (CBF). Values for CBF showed a slight decrease in all patients, despite intact cerebrovascular autoregulation. In two of the three patients, hypercapnia failed to increase CBF, but hyperventilation decreased CBF normally. This phenomenon can be explained on the basis of both failure of the capacitance vessels on the venous side to dilate and an increased intracranial pressure and is not attributable to decreased carbon dioxide reactivity. Long-lasting obstruction of the venous system can lead to a slight reduction in CBF and not affect cerebral autoregulation or CO2 reactivity itself in humans. PMID- 6808979 TI - Valproic acid. Treatment of myoclonus in dyssynergia cerebellaris myoclonica. PMID- 6808982 TI - The rational use of prophylactic antibiotics in abdominal surgery. PMID- 6808980 TI - Oral and topical treatment of experimental herpes simplex iritis with bromovinyldeoxyuridine. PMID- 6808981 TI - Lectins, calcium ionophore A23187 and peanut oil as deciduogenic agents in the uterus of pseudopregnant mice: effects of tranylcypromine, indomethacin, iproniazid and propranolol. AB - Intraluminal injections of lectins, including concanavalin A (Con A), wheatgerm lectin, and soybean lectin, Con A-Sepharose 4B beads, calcium ionophore A23187 or peanut oil into the left uterine horns of mice on day 4 of pseudopregnancy induced the formation of deciduomata and significantly increased the weight and alkaline phosphatase activity of uterine tissue on day 7 of pseudopregnancy. In contrast, injections of these materials into the uterine horns of non pseudopregnant mice that had not been previously mated failed to induce similar responses. Tranylcypromine blocked the decidual cell reaction artificially induced by lectins, calcium ionophore A23187 and peanut oil in pseudopregnant mice. However, uterine responses observed after individual and concurrent injections with indomethacin, iproniazid, propranolol or progesterone indicated that this deciduoma-blocking effect may not be solely related to the ability of tranylcypromine to inhibit prostacyclin biosynthesis but may also involve catecholamines and luteolytic prostaglandins which interfere with decidualization on day 4 and day 6 of pseudopregnancy, respectively. A role for prostaglandins and uterine beta-adrenergic receptors, however, was implicated in the induction of decidualization because both indomethacin and propranolol blocked the response to peanut oil. The results suggested that the embryonic signal responsible for the induction of the decidual cell reaction in mice may involve surface interactions between the embryo and uterine luminal epithelium resulting in a stimulation of the uterus via glycoprotein receptors. A role for calcium was implicated in this phenomenon. PMID- 6808983 TI - Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6808984 TI - Granulomatous myositis in association with Sarcocystis sp. infection in wild ducks. PMID- 6808985 TI - [Sarcosporidia infections in domestic fowl, pheasant and coot]. PMID- 6808986 TI - [Cellular and humoral reactions in mice following experimental infections with Sarcocystis muris and S. dispersa]. PMID- 6808987 TI - The LSP1-alpha gene is not dosage compensated in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. PMID- 6808989 TI - Tissue-specific and substrate-specific detection of aldehyde and pyridoxal oxidase in larval and imaginal tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The substrate specificities of aldehyde and pyridoxal oxidases in Drosophila melanogaster have been determined with a variety of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. This analysis has led to the discovery that 2,4,5 trimethoxybenzaldehyde is a specific substrate for pyridoxal oxidase, as based on the histochemical distribution of oxidase activity, the absence of enzymatic activity in the lpo strains, and the dosage dependence on the number of 1po+ genes present. The tissue-specific localization of aldehyde oxidase (AO) and pyridoxal oxidase (PO) in the larval and adult structures showed that AO was present in all the major internal organs of the larvae and adults, including brain, imaginal discs, Malpighian tubules, digestive system, and reproductive structures. Pyridoxal oxidase is present in many of the same structures which possess AO, but is missing from the cardia, crop, imaginal discs, ovarian follicle cells, paragonia, pericardial cells, and wreath cells. The only structure which possesses PO but lacks AO is the larval salivary gland. These histochemical differences in AO and PO distribution were also confirmed by enzymatic analysis of the activities present in homogenates of ovaries, paragonia, and salivary glands. The general pattern of enzyme expression appears to be established during embryogenesis and maintained throughout the life of the individual. PMID- 6808988 TI - Synthesis and degradation of alcohol dehydrogenase in wild-type and Adh-null activity mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Both the amount and the size of alcohol dehydrogenase-like cross-reacting material was determined in 14 ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced alcohol dehydrogenase-null activity mutants. In 11 mutants cross-reacting material was found. In all cases, the amount of cross-reacting material found in the mutants was lower than that in wild-type flies. High, intermediate, and low cross reacting material-producing mutants showed similar initial rates of incorporation of labeled amino acid into alcohol dehydrogenase-like protein, presumably reflecting similar rates of synthesis. If the rate of synthesis of cross-reacting material is the same in the mutants as in the wild type, then the different levels of cross-reacting material must be due to different rates of degradation. PMID- 6808990 TI - The proteinase-catalysed synthesis of peptide hydrazides. AB - 1. We report the trypsin-catalysed conversion, in high yield, of peptides to peptide hydrazides, t-butyloxycarbonylhydrazides and phenylhydrazides. The substitution is at the alpha-carboxy group. 2. We discuss the relative merits of carrying out the conversion either simultaneously with tryptic cleavage of the parent protein or after such cleavage. 3. We report analogous results with chymotrypsin, elastase and subtilisin. 4. We propose the use of such products in protein semi-synthesis and in the preparation of specific proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6808994 TI - Sequence variability at the N-terminal leader peptides of rat immunoglobulin light chain precursors. PMID- 6808991 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of wheat-germ-agglutinin-like lectins from rye (Secale cereale) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) embryos. AB - Lectins have been isolated from embryos of Secale cereale (rye) and Hordeum vulgare (barley) by affinity chromatography on immobilized N-acetylglucosamine. Both lectins are dimeric proteins of two identical subunits of mol.wt. 18000. They resemble strongly wheat-germ agglutinin with respect to their chemical, physical, biological and immunological properties. PMID- 6808992 TI - Effect of heparin on the subcellular fractionation of a polyamines rich organ (rat ventral prostate). PMID- 6808995 TI - Inactivation of yeast enolase with tetranitromethane. PMID- 6808996 TI - Zinc-induced self-assembly of goat brain tubulin: some novel aspects. PMID- 6808993 TI - Activities of enzymes that metabolize platelet-activating factor (1-Alkyl-2 acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) in neutrophils and eosinophils from humans and the effect of a calcium ionophore. PMID- 6808997 TI - Submicromolar free calcium modulates dexamethasone binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. PMID- 6808998 TI - Participation of the microsomal electron transport system in mutagenic activation of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene, 4-methylaminoazobenzene and their 3'-methyl derivatives. PMID- 6808999 TI - Specific photoreactions between psoralens and yeast-tRNAPhe. PMID- 6809000 TI - Activation of glycogen synthase in leukocytes is inhibited by the intracellular Ca-antagonist TMB-8. PMID- 6809001 TI - Ability of tumor cells to resist humoral vs. cell-mediated immune attack is controlled by different membrane physical properties. PMID- 6809002 TI - Replacement of natural polyamines by cadaverine and its aminopropyl derivatives in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. PMID- 6809004 TI - Effect of some amphiphilic drugs on the membrane morphology and aggregation of rabbit platelets. PMID- 6809003 TI - A requirement for ergosterol to permit growth of yeast sterol auxotrophs on cholestanol. PMID- 6809005 TI - Interference of transmethylation inhibitors with thromboxane synthesis in rat platelets. PMID- 6809010 TI - Filter trapping of 14CO2: a simple and quantitative method for studying cell metabolism in hepatocyte monolayers. PMID- 6809006 TI - Subcellular distribution of phospholipid-sensitive calcium-dependent protein kinase in guinea pig heart, spleen and cerebral cortex, and inhibition of the enzyme by Triton X-100. PMID- 6809008 TI - The effect of activators of glucuronyltransferase in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. PMID- 6809011 TI - Clinical and immunological significance of antibodies to Ro and La in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6809007 TI - Stereoselective formation of benz[a]anthracene (+)-(5S,6R)-oxide and (+)-(8R,9S) oxide by a highly purified and reconstituted system containing cytochrome P-450c. PMID- 6809009 TI - C(2')-substituted purine nucleoside analogs. Interactions with adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase and formation of analog nucleotides. AB - Four C(2')-substituted 2'-deoxyadenosines were examined as substrates for human erythrocytic adenosine deaminase and for formation of intracellular nucleotide analogs in human erythrocytes, lymphocytes and murine Sarcoma 180 cells: 9-(2' deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)adenine, 9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D arabinofuranosyl)adenine, 9-(2'-azido-2'-deoxy-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)adenine (2' N3-riboA) and 9-(2-azido-2'-deoxy-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)adenine. All four adenosine analogs were substrates of human erythrocytic adenosine deaminase, but the corresponding inosine analogs (synthesized by the adenosine deaminase reaction) were highly resistant to cleavage by human erythrocytic purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Only 9-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D ribofuranosyl)hypoxanthine underwent very slow phosphorolysis, and no inhibition of inosine phosphorolysis was detected when a 30 microM concentration of any studied inosine analog was added to a reaction mixture containing 30 microM inosine (the Km concentration). Kinetic parameters were determined for the deamination of the adenosine analogs. The greatest affinity for adenosine deaminase was found with 2'-N3-ribo A (Ki = 2 microM), but the reaction velocity was highest with the F-substituted analogs. All four adenosine analogs formed triphosphate nucleotides after incubation with human erythrocytes, murine Sarcoma 180 cells, or human lymphocytes (tested only with the F analogs) in the presence of deoxycoformycin. PMID- 6809012 TI - Some genetic aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6809013 TI - [Drug monitoring for valproic acid with HPLC or EMIT and concomitant measurements of clinical-chemical parameters (author's transl)]. AB - Drug monitoring for valproic acid (Convulex) was performed in 200 children with a newly developed HPLC procedure and in part with an enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). In addition the activities of the transaminases and the lipase were determined as well as platelet count, prothrombin time, thrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen concentration and in some cases the coagulation factors II, V and X. There is not a higher frequency for pathological laboratory findings with higher serum levels. 81 children exhibited pathological findings, however only in one case therapy had to be stopped. Recommendations when to stop therapy are given. PMID- 6809017 TI - Modifications of neuron activities of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during extrafoveal attention. PMID- 6809014 TI - [Prevention of urotoxic actions of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide by dimesna (preliminary communication) (author's transl)]. AB - Sodium 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesna, Uromitexan) is oxidized in the organism of rats to 2,2'-dithiodi-(ethane sodium sulfonate) (dimesna). Dimesna is partially reduced to the mercapto compound mesna (kidneys); both compounds are eliminated via the urine. Even after administration of dimesna mesna can be detected in the urine. Accordingly dimesna also proved to be an effective antidote against the urotoxic actions of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. PMID- 6809016 TI - The morphology and atomic composition of aurosomes produced by sodium aurothiomalate in human monocytes. AB - Aurosomes were found in monocytes (from the peripheral blood of man) incubated with sodium aurothiomalate. In electron micrographs the aurosome presents as a single-membrane-bound lysosomal body with an electron-lucent or medium density matrix in which lie electron-dense filamentous (straight or curled), rod-like and lamellar profiles studded with particles and granules. Similar deposits did not develop in monocytes incubated with sodium thiomalate but myelinoid membranes and rod-like structures presumably derived from them were seen in the lysosomes of these cells. The aurosomes (and their characteristic electron-dense contents) produced in the monocytes in vitro were morphologically indistinguishable from those known to occur in various tissues of man and experimental animals treated with soluble goldsalts. The atomic composition of the aurosomes produced in vitro appears to be similar to that produced in vivo for in both instances Au, P and S can be demonstrated in the aurosome. It is concluded that the aurosomes produced in our experimental model is an accurate copy of that found in in vivo situations. PMID- 6809015 TI - Clinical effectiveness of niludipine in patients with ischemic heart disease. AB - The antianginal efficacy of niludipine (Bay a 7167), a new calcium antagonistic drug, was investigated in 51 patients with ischemic heart disease. 16 patients were diagnosed as effort angina and 31 patients had both angina at rest and on effort. Six anginal patients had myocardial infarction. One patient was diagnosed as a variant form of angina and 3 others as unstable angina. 11 patients had essential hypertension. 49 completed the study and 2 dropped out. Niludipine (60 mg to 80 mg every 24 h) significantly reduced the mean weekly rate of angina attacks from 6.5 to 2.2 (p less than 0.001). Marked reductions of nitroglycerin requirement were also noted (p less than 0.001). In 71% of the patients complete control of anginal attacks was achieved, and in over 77% the frequency of angina was reduced by at least 50%. Niludipine was at 93.8% effective in patients with ischemic heart disease. It decreased significantly both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in angina patients with essential hypertension, but there were no significant changes of blood pressure in normotensive anginal patients. The agent was tolerated very well and there were no side effects. These findings suggest that niludipine is a highly effective drug for the treatment of both ischemic heart disease and essential hypertension. PMID- 6809018 TI - Blood groups and colour blindness in the Samanta tribals of Andhra Pradesh. PMID- 6809019 TI - The influence of gas composition in the air cell on pipping and liver metabolism in embryonic chicks. AB - In chick embryos, time of pipping is accelerated after repeated gassing the air cell with N2, CO2, or by sealing the egg shell in the area of the air cell with glue. Gassing the air cell with 95% O:2-5% CO2, or pure O2, was followed by a retardation of pipping. Furthermore, gassing with N2, or sealing the air cell with glue, exerted an accelerating effect on the decrease of hepatic glycogen and ATP. Following gassing with 95% O2-5% CO2, the reverse effect on glycogen and ATP was observed. It is suggested that the increase of the CO2/O2 ratio, occurring in the air cell at the end of incubation, acts as a stimulus for both pipping and metabolic changes in the liver. PMID- 6809020 TI - Effect of lysine and threonine deficient and supplement rice diets on lipids of hepatic smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum of rats. AB - Effect of feeding lysine and threonine deficient and supplemented rice diets to rats for fifteen days has been studied on the lipids of hepatic smooth (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The deficient diet reduced protein and phospholipids of SER where as it increased triglycerides contents of both SER and RER compared to rats fed the supplemented diet. PMID- 6809021 TI - The physiology of leaky lungs. PMID- 6809022 TI - Assessment of the effects of drugs on respiration. PMID- 6809023 TI - Kinetics of high-dose i.v. diazepam. AB - The pharmacokinetics of high-dose i.v. diazepam were studied in two patients in an intensive care unit. The first patient received up to 240 mg of diazepam daily for 21 days while the second received 60 mg daily for 30 days. Plasma concentrations of diazepam and its major metabolite, desmethyldiazepam, were very large but, despite severe underlying disease and simultaneous administration of several other drugs, the half-lives of diazepam and desmethyldiazepam washout were consistent with those found in healthy persons. Washout half-lives in the first patient were, if anything, shorter than expected, possibly caused by simultaneous administration of phenobarbitone. Thus the kinetics of diazepam are apparently not altered by administration of large doses. PMID- 6809024 TI - Effect of pirprofen on glibenclamide kinetics and response. AB - Pirprofen (a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent), 200 mg 8 hourly, or placebo was administered orally to eight normal volunteers to investigate its effect on the pharmacokinetics and glucose and insulin responses after 1 mg i.v. glibenclamide. No significant changes were produced in these measures and in vitro studies showed no displacement of glibenclamide by pirprofen from plasma protein binding. PMID- 6809028 TI - Hair loss during lithium treatment. PMID- 6809027 TI - Diamine oxidase activity in human melanoma cell lines with different tumorigenicity in nude mice. AB - The activity of diamine oxidase (DO, EC 1.4.3.6.) which converts putrescine into gamma-aminobutyraldehyde in the degradative pathway of polyamine, was studied in 4 human melanoma cell lines, 2 of which produce tumours in greater than 80% of nude mice (M3Dau, M4Beu), whereas the other 2 induce tumours in less than 25% (M1Dor, M2GeB). The activity of DO in these cells varies with the growth rate: 24 h after seeding there is an initial increase in DO activity, followed by a steep decline during exponential growth. At 96 h, when cells reach saturation density, the activity of DO is significantly greater in the highly tumorigenic cell lines than in the poorly tumorigenic cell lines. Kinetic studies show that for the highly tumorigenic lines apparent Km values are 10.6 X 10(-6)M +/- 0.2 (M3Dau) and 14.2 X 10(-6) M +/- 0.6 (M4Beu), whereas for the poorly tumorigenic lines the values are 4.5 X 10(-6) M +/- 0.3. After transplantation into nude mice, the M1Dor cell line, which exhibits a low Km (app.) for DO of which had high Km (app.) value. Km (app.) determination of DO could be an approach for characterizing human melanoma cells differing in their tumorigenic potential in nude mice. PMID- 6809025 TI - The effects of ampicillin on oral contraceptive steroids in women. AB - 1 Thirteen women taking long term oral contraceptive steroids were studied while taking ampicillin (500 mg three times daily) and compared to a control cycle while not taking ampicillin. 2 There were no significant changes in the plasma concentrations of ethinyloestradiol, levonorgestrel, follicle stimulating hormone or progesterone, although lower concentrations of ethinyloestradiol were noted in two women. 3 We conclude that most patients taking oral contraceptive steroids do not need to take alternative contraceptive precautions while taking ampicillin. PMID- 6809026 TI - Effect of nitroglycerin on peripheral large arteries in hypertension. AB - 1 Blood pressure, systemic arterial compliance, and diameter, blood flow velocity, volumic flow and impedance of the brachial artery were measured before and after intravenous administration of nitroglycerin (15 micrograms/min during 15 min) in 11 patients with sustained essential hypertension. 2 For the evaluation of the diameter of the brachial artery, a bidimensional pulsed Doppler was used, enabling the angle of the ultrasound beam relative to the flowing stream of blood to be measured with an error of less than 2%. 3 After nitroglycerin, systolic pressure significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) without significant change in diastolic and mean arterial pressures, cardiac index, stroke index and total peripheral resistance. 4 Systemic arterial compliance and brachial artery diameter significantly increased (P less than 0.001; P less than 0.01) while velocity and blood flow of the brachial artery were unchanged. 5 The pattern of the input impedance of the brachial artery was consistent with a predominant effect of nitroglycerin on the viscoelastic properties of peripheral large arteries. 6 The study provided evidence that, in hypertensive patients, nitroglycerin has a direct effect on peripheral large arteries, causing an increase in arterial diameter and compliance, thus leading to a predominant decrease in systolic pressure. PMID- 6809031 TI - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis and monoclonal IgA. AB - A patient with subcorneal pustular dermatosis was found to have a circulating monoclonal IgA kappa immunoglobulin. Direct immunofluorescence studies revealed IgA kappa deposits in the subcorneal zone of the epidermis. Circulating IgA kappa reacting with the subcorneal zone of normal human epidermis was demonstrated by indirect immunofluoresence. It is speculated that IgA deposition might be implicated in the pathogenesis of subcorneal pustular dermatosis. PMID- 6809032 TI - Subnormal platelet response to thromboxane A2 in a patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia. AB - A new type of acquired platelet dysfunction was found in a chronic myeloid leukaemia patient with petechiae and thrombocytosis. Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and A23187 was decreased, secondary aggregation by ADP and epinephrine was defective and ristocetin-induced aggregation was completely reversible. No platelet ATP was released by AA and collagen. Only high concentrations of AA (greater than or equal to 2 mM) induced minimal reversible aggregation. 14C-serotonin uptake by the platelet and platelet adenine nucleotide contents were normal. Normal AA metabolism was demonstrated by thin-layer radiochromatographic analysis of the metabolites of 14C-AA and the determination of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances produced by the incubation of AA or thrombin with the platelets. Minimal reversible aggregation was observed when patient's platelet-rich plasma was added to a reaction mixture in which thromboxane A2 (TXA2) had been generated. TXA2 produced by patient's platelets showed normal platelet-aggregating activity. These results suggest that a subnormal platelet response to TXA2 is included as a mechanism for this acquired hypofunction of the platelet. PMID- 6809034 TI - Influence of high molecular weight factor VIII on the measurement of low molecular weight factor VIII procoagulant in different assay systems. PMID- 6809029 TI - Bullous pemphigoid: a correlative study of autoantibodies, circulating immune complexes and dermo-epidermal deposits. AB - Twenty bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients were studied to establish any correlation between free anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies, circulating immune complexes (CIC) and dermo-epidermal junction deposits. CIC levels were evaluated by 2% polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The twenty patients were found to have IgG and/or C3 deposited in the BMZ. Eight of the twelve patients who had no free anti-BMZ antibodies displayed a positive in vivo C4 and/or CIq staining and high levels of CIC. Moreover, CIC were detected in only one patient with positive circulating free anti-BMZ antibodies. The presence of free anti-BMZ antibodies was generally found to correlate with the absence of cutaneous deposits of CIq and /or C4 and with negative CIC; on the other hand, the absence of free anti-BMZ antibodies was generally found to correlate with high levels of CIC and with deposits of C3 and CIq and/or C4. The absence of circulating free anti-BMZ antibodies in BP patients, could be explained by the formation of CIC. It is possible that BMZ antigens released from damaged tissue could combine with free antibodies and form complexes in the blood. The release could involve locally formed immune complexes. Elevated CIC levels were generally found to correlate with the presence of active disease. PMID- 6809030 TI - Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: clinicopathological relationships, therapy and survival in ninety-two patients. AB - Clinicopathological findings, methods of treatment and survival in ninety-two patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (eighty-five mycosis fungoides and seven Sezary syndrome), seen in the Leiden University Hospital between 1974 and 1980, are reported. All patients were staged and treatment was given accordingly. Patients without signs of extracutaneous disease (74%) were treated with eigher total-skin electron-beam irradiation (E beam), topical mechlorethamine (HN2) or PUVA. Topical HN2 and E beam had an equal effect on survival. Electron-beam induced a higher number of initial complete remissions than HN2, but fewer patients relapsed while on maintenance treatment with HN2. In the patients with lymph node and/or visceral involvement, E beam followed by systemic chemotherapy- cyclophosphamide, vincristin (Oncovin) and prednisone (COP)--gave better results than topical therapy or COP alone. Survival was influenced most by the type of skin lesion, the presence or absence of lymph node and/or visceral involvement, and the ability to induce a complete remission initially. PMID- 6809033 TI - Synthesis of thromboplastin by U-937 cells. AB - A human monocytoid cell line (U-937) produces a procoagulant identified as thromboplastin when stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), endotoxin, immune complexes, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) or the divalent ionophore A 23187. The basal thromboplastin expression of these cells and the increased activity induced by the stimulants were dependent on supply of fresh medium suggesting that the synthetic rate was highest when the cells were in logarithmic growth. Inducible thromboplastin synthesis was inhibited by actinomycin D or cycloheximide, indicating dependence on messenger RNA and protein synthesis. Differentiation of the cells in the macrophage direction by TPA did not make the cells more responsive to PHA. Thromboplastin induction in U 937 cells was potentiated by the presence of lymphocytes, especially when stimulated with PHA or endotoxin. This supporting effect was also obtained by conditioned medium from lymphocyte cultures, suggesting a role for a soluble lymphocyte product. PMID- 6809035 TI - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthase by maternal plasma factor(s) in early human pregnancy. AB - Using an enzyme incubation-radioimmunoassay technique, we have tested the hypothesis that an increase in a maternal plasma factor(s) that inhibits prostaglandin synthase (EC 1.14.99.1) is responsible for the suppression of decidual prostaglandin production that occurs in early human pregnancy. Measurements made on serial maternal samples failed to reveal any significant increase in plasma inhibitory activity at this time, and it was concluded that the conceptus achieves the reduction in prostaglandin synthesis by a mechanism other than a systemically mediated direct inhibition of decidual prostaglandin synthase. PMID- 6809037 TI - Massive ocular astrocytoma in a congenitally deformed eye. PMID- 6809038 TI - The activity of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin during 24 h periods in the small intestine of growing pigs. AB - 1. Digests were collected from twenty-two pigs, of 40 kg mean live weight, and fitted with single re-entrant cannulas in either the duodenum, jejunum or ileum. 2. Three approximately isonitrogenous diets were given to the pigs; their main constituents were: barley, fine wheat offal and white fish meal (diet BWF); starch, sucrose, maize oil, cellulose and either groundnut (diet SSG) or casein (diet SSC). 3. The activities of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin were measured every hour in duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods. Chymotrypsin and trypsin were also measured every hour in jejunal digests and every 6 h in ileal digesta, during 24 h collection periods. 4. The mean total pepsin activities in the duodenal digesta during 24 h collection periods (units for a 40 kg pig given 1.7 kg diet) were: 7764400 (diet BWF), 6078400 (diet SSG), 5801 600 (diet SSC). 5. The mean total chymotrypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1.7 kg diet) in digesta in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively were: 62920, 59 560, 21 880 (diet BWF), 78 240, 68 400, 24 680 (diet SSG), 75 280, 76 120, 6160 (diet SSC). 6. The mean total trypsin activities (units for a 40 kg pig given 1.7 kg diet) in digesta from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, respectively were: 256840, 362840, 77 600 (diet BWF), 211 200, 205 280, 46 720 (diet SSG), 325 720, 428 560, 13 600 (diet SSC). 7. It was calculated that the total weights of pepsin, chymotrypsin and trypsin in duodenal digesta in 24 h periods were between 6.2 and 7.1 g. This represents 20-25% of previously published estimates of the amounts of endogenous protein in this part of the gut. PMID- 6809036 TI - Acyclovir and trifluorothymidine in herpetic keratitis: a multicentre trial. PMID- 6809040 TI - The effects of gum arabic, wheat offal and various of its fractions on the metabolism of 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in the male weanling rat. AB - 1. Male weanling rats were given for extended periods diets containing gum arabic or wheat offal or various offal fractions. The fractions included two lipid fractions, a water-soluble extract and a modified-acid-detergent (MAD)-fibre extract. The diets contained either low concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (induced rats) or were free from this source of aflatoxin (non-induced rats). The distribution of 14C was then studied after the rats received 14C-labelled aflatoxin B1 in their feed. Blood plasma concentrations of triglycerides, and total cholesterol were also measured. 2. Gum arabic and wheat offal accelerated the rate of passage of 14C through the small intestine and wheat offal very considerably decreased retention time in the large intestine. Both fibre sources increased faecal bulk. However, only wheat offal decreased liver and urinary accumulation of 14C and the effect could be explained entirely by the MAD-fibre fraction of wheat offal. 3. The possible induction of either microsomal enzymes unrelated to the production of mutagenic aflatoxin metabolites, or of extramicrosomal enzymes is discussed; but it is concluded that the main effect brought about by wheat offal on the toxicity and carcinogenicity of aflatoxin can be attributed to a direct influence of the MAD fibre fraction of wheat offal on the intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B1. 4. The relevance of these conclusions to drug safety studies is discussed, because comparable studies may yield differing results, despite a use of diets having the same nutrient composition but differing ingredient composition. PMID- 6809039 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and antibody levels in immunized malnourished children. AB - 1. The proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations (by rosette tests) and the serum antibody levels (using haemagglutination techniques) were estimated in malnourished and well fed Nigerian children before and up to 21 d after immunization with tetanus toxoid or measles virus vaccine. 2. Significantly diminished (P less than 0.01) mean percentage T lymphocyte levels and considerably higher mean percentage null cell levels were observed in the malnourished children before immunization with either of the vaccines. 3. There was comparable in vivo increases in percentage T lymphocytes in malnourished and control children following the administration of each antigen. 4. The mean percentage B lymphocyte levels were similar in the control and malnourished children before and after the immunization. 5. There was a slight depression in the tetanus antibody levels (P greater than 0.2) but a significant diminution (P less than 0.01) in measles virus antibody concentrations in the malnourished children. 6. Rise in mean percentage T lymphocytes corresponded with the elevation in mean tetanus antibody levels in both malnourished and control children following tetanus toxoid immunization. This was however not the situation in the malnourished children following immunization with measles virus. 7. The observed depressed T lymphocyte number in malnourished children may in practice affect their handling of antigens such as measles virus in vivo. PMID- 6809041 TI - HPr proteins of different microorganisms studied by hydrogen-1 high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance: similarities of structures and mechanisms. AB - The HPr proteins of Streptococcus lactis, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli were studied by 1H NMR at 360 MHz. The "active center" histidines of all HPr proteins are characterized by a low pK value between 5.6 and 6.1 and similar spectral parameters. Phosphorylation of the histidyl residues leads to an increase of the pK value of 2-3 units and spectral changes characteristic for N-1 phosphorylation of the histidyl ring. The spectra of the HPr proteins of S. lactis, S. Faecalis, B. subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus reveal many similarities, whereas the spectrum of the E. coli protein is different with exception of the active-center histidine. The HPr protein of S. lactis is formylated at its terminal amino group. PMID- 6809043 TI - Lipid-protein interactions. Effect of apolipoprotein A-I on phosphatidylcholine polar group conformation as studied by proton nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - Spin-spin coupling constants derived from high-resolution 1H NMR spectra of pure 1-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MLPC) micelles and 60:1 mol/mol been analyzed in order to determine the effects of apoprotein on phosphatidylcholine (PC) polar group conformation. The shift ratios of the polar group proton resonances after addition of the paramagnetic shift reagent Fe(CN)6(3-) to the above MLPC systems, egg PC small unilamellar vesicles, and human HDL3 have been used to compare the PC polar group conformations in all systems. The location of the largely alpha-helical apo A-I molecules in the complex with MLPC was deduced from its effects on the chemical shifts and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the well-resolved 1H resonances from the various parts of the lipid molecules. The data are consistent with the apo A-I molecules lying in the surface fo the MLPC micelle with their amphipathic, alpha-helical segments intercalated among the glycerophosphocholine groups of the lipid molecules so that aromatic amino acid side chains are interspersed among the lipid hydrocarbon chains. This leads to a spacing out of the glycerol backbones and immediately adjacent methylene groups of the MLPC molecules, thereby causing an enhancement of the motions affecting T1. The presence of apo A-I at the lipid-water interface apparently does no perturb the PC polar group conformation, indicating that this conformation is determined by intramolecular effects. The preferred conformation of the phosphocholine group (Hauser, H., Pascher, I., Pearson, R. H., & Sundell, S. (1981) Biochim. Biophys, Acta 650, 21-51] is characterized by an almost exclusively gauche conformation of the choline group and predominantly antiperiplanar conformations about the C-C-O-P and P-O-C-C bonds. The PC molecules in MLPC micelles, MLPC-apo A-I complexes, egg PC vesicles, and HDL3 all have this polar group conformation. PMID- 6809042 TI - Mechanism of dissociation of human apolipoprotein A-I from complexes with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine as studied by guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. AB - The reversibility of the binding of human apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) to phospholipid has been monitored through the influence of guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn-HCl) on the isothermal denaturation and renaturation of apo A 1/dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) complexes at 24 degree C. Denaturation was studied by incubating discoidal 1:100 and vesicular 1:500 mol/mol apo A I/DMPC complexes with up to 7 M Gdn-HCl for up to 72 h. Unfolding of apo A-I molecules was observed from circular dichroism spectra while the distribution of protein between free and lipid-associated states was monitored by density gradient ultracentrifugation. The ability of apo A-I to combine with DMPC in the presence of Gdn-HCl at 24 degrees C was also investigated by similar procedures. In both the denaturation and renaturation of 1:100 and 1:500 complexes, the final values of the molar ellipticity and the ratio of free to bound apo A-I at various concentrations of Gdn-HCl are dependent on the initial state of the lipid and protein; apo A-I is more resistant to denaturation when Gdn-HCl is added to existing complexes than to a mixture of apo A-I and DMPC. There is an intermediate state in the denaturation pathway of apo A-I/DMPC complexes which is not present in the renaturation; the intermediate comprises partially unfold apo A-I molecules still associated with the complex by some of their apolar residues. Complete unfolding of the alpha helix and subsequent desorption of the apo A-I molecules from the lipid/water interface involve cooperative exposure of these apolar residues to the aqueous phase. The energy barrier associated with this desorption step makes the binding of apo A-I to DMPC a thermodynamically irreversible process. Consequently, binding constants of apo A-I and PC cannot be calculated simply from equilibrium thermodynamic treatments of the partitioning of protein between free and bound states. Apo A-I molecules do not exchange freely between the lipid-free and lipid-bound states, and extra work is required to drive protein molecules off the surface. The required increased in surface pressure can be achieved by a net mass transfer of protein to the surface; in vivo, increases in the surface pressure of lipoproteins by lipolysis can cause protein desorption. PMID- 6809044 TI - Altered physiochemical properties of the deoxyribonucleic acid-mitomycin C complex. Evidence for the conformational change in deoxyribonucleic acid. AB - Binding of the antibiotic mitomycin C to sonicated calf thymus DNA results in increased viscosity and an unaltered sedimentation constant of DNA. Flow dichroism measurements of the mitomycin C-DNA complex indicate that the 310-nm absorbance vector of the chromophore of the bound drug is oriented at approximately 57.2 degrees relative to the helix axis. A conclusion drawn from these results is that mitomycin C does not intercalate between base pairs, but rather, it is bound in one of the grooves. Binding of mitomycin C causes a number of changes which are DNA size dependent: (1) increased viscosity of sonicated, decreased viscosity of nonsonicate DNA; (2) unaltered sedimentation rate of sonicated, increased rate of nonsonicated DNA; (3) reduced electrophoretic mobility of nonsonicated DNA; (4) electron microscopic appearance of sonicated DNA-mitomycin complexes which is similar to that of control, while nonsonicated DNA complexes which display highly coiled, looped structures not seen in control nonsonicated DNA. These size-dependent effects are interpreted as indicative of conformational distortion of DNA at rare intervals, caused by a minor fraction of total bound mitomycin. The parallel used of sonicated and nonsonicated DNA as probes for certain effects of drug binding may be useful for detecting this type of phenomenon in general. PMID- 6809048 TI - Selective changes in fatty acid composition of phosphatidylserine in rat erythrocyte membrane induced by nitrate. AB - The relationship between nitrate which is formed from inhaled nitrogen dioxide, a common air pollutant, and changes in fatty acid metabolism of phosphatidylserine in rat erythrocytes has been examined. When erythrocytes were incubated at 37 degrees C for 60 min with fatty acid, the incorporation rate of [1 14C]arachidonic acid and [9,10-3H]palmitic acid into phosphatidylserine was 15% (80 pmol/h per mumol lipid phosphorus) and 20% (12 pmol/h per mumol lipid phosphorus) of those into phosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. By the addition of 1.0 mM sodium nitrate or 0.5 microM ionophore A23187 to the incubation mixture, the rate of incorporation of both arachidonic acid and palmitic acid into phosphatidylethanolamine was stimulated 1.45-fold. On the other hand, the incorporation of palmitic acid into phosphatidylserine was little affected, while that of arachidonic acid was stimulated 1.35-fold. An increase in arachidonic acid of phosphatidylserine was also found by the addition of nitrate or ionophore A23187. This increase was dependent on the concentration of extracellular calcium and observed by the addition of other chaotropic anions in the order SCN- greater than ClO4- greater than NO3-. It seems likely, therefore, that nitrate causes changes in erythrocyte membranes to facilitate calcium uptake. Increasing the concentration of intracellular calcium may cause stimulation of acyl CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferase and/or endogenous phospholipase A2. PMID- 6809047 TI - Synthesis of the diastereoisomers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3 thiophosphorylethanolamine and their stereospecific hydrolysis by phospholipases A2 and C. AB - A convenient three-step synthesis of the phosphorothioate analogue of phosphatidylethanolamine is described. The reaction pathway involves the conversion of a 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol to its corresponding thiophosphoric acid dichloride by using PSCl3 in the presence of a tertiary base. Treatment of the dichloride with ethanolamine results in the formation of a cyclic thiophosphoramidate which, upon acidification, undergoes P--N cleavage, giving rise to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-thiophosphorylethanolamine. 31P NMR reveals that both diastereoisomers are present in equivalent amounts. It is not possible, however, to separate the two isomers by high-pressure liquid chromatography. 31P NMR amd high-pressure liquid chromatography are used to show that phospholipases A2 and C exhibit absolute and opposite stereoselectivity in the hydrolysis of the pair of diastereoisomers. PMID- 6809045 TI - Rabbit muscle phosphorylase derivatives with oligosaccharides covalently bound to the glycogen storage site. AB - Linear maltooligosaccharides, e.g., maltoheptaose or terminal 4-O methylmaltoheptaose, activated by cyanogen bromide, react covalently with rabbit muscle phosphorylases b and a (EC 2.4.1.1). Site-specific modification prevents further binding to glycogen and shifts the phosphorylase a tetramer-dimer equilibrium in favor of the dimer. Use was made of these properties to separate by affinity chromatography and gel filtration phosphorylase a dimers with specifically bound oligosaccharide from unspecifically modified products. The phosphorylase a-maltoheptaose derivative carries one oligosaccharide residue per monomer and can be distinguished from the native enzyme by its electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gels or by affinity electrophoresis. Phosphorylase a preparations with covalently bound maltooligosaccharides are enzymatically active in the presence of a primer and alpha-D-glucopyranose 1-phosphate (glucose-1-P). Methylation of the nonreducing chain terminus of the bound oligosaccharide has no effect on glycogen synthesis. These findings exclude the participation of bound oligosaccharides in chain elongation. Purified covalent phosphorylase a maltoheptaose complexes are stable dimers. They are no longer activated by glycogen. The properties of covalently modified phosphorylase-oligosaccharides are consistent with and provide direct evidence for the existence of a glycogen storage site in rabbit muscle phosphorylases. Covalent occupation of the storage site renders the affinity of glucose-1-P to phosphorylase a independent of modulation by glycogen, supporting the assumption that the glycogen storage site is involved in interactions with the catalytic site. PMID- 6809046 TI - Mechanism of action of cutinase: chemical modification of the catalytic triad characteristic for serine hydrolases. AB - Cutinase from Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate and phenylboronic acid, indicating the involvement of an active serine residue in enzyme catalysis. Quantitation of the number of phosphorylated serines showed that modification of one residue resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity. One essential histidine residue was modified with diethyl pyrocarbonate. This residue was buried in native cutinase and became accessible to chemical modification only after unfolding of the enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The modification of carboxyl groups with 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate did not result in inactivation of the enzyme; however, such modifications in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate resulted in complete loss of enzyme activity. The number of residues modified was determined by incorporation of [14C]glycine ethyl ester. Modification of cutinase in the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and subsequent unfolding of the enzyme with detergent in the presence of radioactive glycine ester showed that one buried carboxyl group per molecule of cutinase resulted in complete inactivation of the enzyme. Three additional peripheral carboxyl groups were modified in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Carbethoxylation of the essential histidine and subsequent incubation with the esterase substrate p-nitrophenyl [1-14C]acetate revealed that carbethoxycutinase was about 10(5) times less active than the untreated enzyme. The acyl-enzyme intermediate was stabilized under these conditions and was isolated by gel permeation chromatography. The results of the present chemical modification study indicate that catalysis by cutinase involves the catalytic triad and an acyl-enzyme intermediate, both characteristic for serine proteases. PMID- 6809049 TI - Stabilization of 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis W168 by spermidine and magnesium ions. AB - An explanation for the fragility of 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis has been studied. Degradation of 16 S ribosomal RNA, rather than degradation of ribosomal proteins, was found to cause the inactivation of 30 S subunits. Although RNAases were bound specifically to 30 S ribosomal subunits, the RNAases were able to function. Spermidine was found to contribute to the stabilization of 30 S ribosomal subunits by inhibiting the degradation of 16 S ribosomal RNA. A high concentration of Mg2+ also stabilized the 30 S ribosomal subunits of Bacillus subtilis. The polypeptide synthetic activity of 30 S ribosomal subunits prepared in the presence of spermidine was at least 4-times greater than that of 30 S ribosomal subunits prepared in the absence of spermidine; this activity was maintained without any loss for 3 months at -70 degrees C. PMID- 6809050 TI - Differential responses of log and stationary phase human fibroblasts to inhibition of DNA repair by aphidicolin. AB - The tetracyclic diterpenoid, aphidicolin, is an effective inhibitor of DNA repair in human cells following ultraviolet irradiation. This inhibition is very efficient in confluent resting cells but not in rapidly cycling cells as measured by (1) analysis of DNA single-strand breaks by alkaline sucrose sedimentation, (2) chromatographic analysis of pyrimidine-dimer removal, and (3) repair replication using CsCl density centrifugation. The inhibition is reversed by deoxycytidine or thymidine but not by deoxyadenosine or deoxyguanosine during the repair period. The data suggest that differences in deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools between cycling and confluent resting cells determine the different efficacies of the agent in these two situations. PMID- 6809052 TI - Influence of glycosaminoglycans on endogenous DNA synthesis in isolated normal and cancer cell nuclei. Differential effect of heparin. AB - The influence of exogenously-added glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins on DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei, from normal and malignant tissues, was investigated. Heparin stimulated DNA synthesis in normal cell nuclei at concentrations (heparin/DNA (w/w) less than 0.9) which inhibited DNA synthesis in tumor cell nuclei. At higher concentrations (heparin/DNA (w/w greater than 0.9) heparin inhibited DNA synthesis in both normal and tumor cell nuclei. The chondroitin-4 and 6-sulfates, heparin sulfate, cartilage proteoglycan, N desulfated heparin, and glycophorin caused inhibition of DNA synthesis at all concentrations tested and in all nuclei examined. Hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and fetuin had no significant influence on DNA synthesis in isolated nuclei. PMID- 6809051 TI - Reactivity of mitomycin C with synthetic polyribonucleotides containing guanine or guanine analogs. AB - The guanine residues in nucleic acids are believed to be the major covalent binding site of the antibiotic mitomycin C. To identify the specific functional group in guanine which reacts with mitomycin C, reactions were run between the antibiotic and poly(G) analogs in which guanine was blocked at the N-7 or O-6 position, or lacked the 2-amino group. Binding ratios were affected to a small extent in the two former cases, but binding was significantly decreased in the absence of the 2-amino group. These results indicate that the most likely binding site of mitomycin C in synthetic polyribonucleotides is the 2-amino group of guanine residues. PMID- 6809053 TI - Primary structure of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. AB - The amino acid sequence of the p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (4 hydroxybenzoate,NADPH:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.13.2) monomer from Pseudomonas fluorescens has been determined. The sequence was elucidated by a combination of the results from an X-ray crystallographic study at 0.25 nm resolution (Wierenga, R.K., de Jong, R.J., Kalk, K.H., Hol, W.G.J. and Drenth, J. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 131, 55-73) and from protein sequence analysis. The polypeptide chain of the monomer contains 394 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 44 299. PMID- 6809054 TI - Selective stimulation of human platelet lipoxygenase product 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14 eicosatetraenoic acid by chlorpromazine and 8-(n,n-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5 trimethoxybenzoate. AB - Stimulation of human platelets by thrombin and by the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 leads to a rapid Ca2+-dependent activation of phospholipases that release membrane bound arachidonic acid for oxidation by a cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase enzymes into so-called eicosanoids. Chlorpromazine and the intracellular calcium antagonist 8-(N,N-diethylamino)-octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) inhibited the release of eicosanoids, as estimated by a quantitative glass capillary-gas chromatography analysis. TMB-8 was more efficient for thrombin- than for ionophore-induced eicosanoids liberation. Chlorpromazine, the more potent inhibitor, was active at the same concentration against either inducer. The reduction of oxidative metabolism by the cyclooxygenase pathway was more pronounced than reduction in the lipoxygenase pathway. When exogenous arachidonic acid was added to the platelets, both drugs stimulated selectively the production and the formation rate of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid by a factor of 2-2.5 in the absence of variation of cyclooxygenase products. Therefore, the stimulation of the lipoxygenase metabolite by the two drugs was obtained with both endogenous and exogenous arachidonic acid. This selective stimulation by drugs of a lipoxygenase product in the absence of inhibition of cyclooxygenase is the first reported of this type and suggests a differential control for the two oxidation enzymes. These findings emphasize the importance of a simultaneous quantitative analysis of both oxidation pathways. PMID- 6809055 TI - Arachidonic acid metabolism in guinea pig skin. AB - Studies were conducted to examine the metabolism of radioactively labelled arachidonic acid via the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways and the metabolic conversions of radioactively labelled prostaglandin H2 in the epidermal and dermal layers of the guinea-pig skin. Arachidonic acid was metabolized preferentially via lipoxygenase to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). The major product of the cyclooxygenase pathway was prostaglandin D2; prostaglandin E2 was formed in lesser amounts. Epidermis exhibited much higher activities of these enzymes on a milligram protein basis than the dermis. In contrast, both skin layers showed the same very high activity of GSH-dependent prostaglandin H2/prostaglandin D2 isomerase; Prostaglandin D2 was virtually the only product formed by skin homogenates from prostaglandin H2. Guinea-pig skin is a highly active site of arachidonic acid metabolism. These findings will provide the basis for pathobiochemical studies in inflammatory and hyperproliferative dermatoses. PMID- 6809057 TI - Lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein A-I extracted from human aortas. AB - Apolipoprotein A-I was quantitated by electroimmunoassay in buffer-soluble fractions of both grossly normal intima and raised atherosclerosis lesions of the human aorta. The mean value for apolipoprotein A-I content in microgram/mg tissue dry weight of normal intima (12 cases) was 0.71 +/- 0.10 S.E. and of aortic plaques (19 cases) was 0.64 +/- 0.40 S.E. When compared to the buffer-extractable apolipoprotein B content measured in these same cases from both regions, the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A-I was approximately 6. No apolipoprotein A-I was measurable in tunica media. Following differential ultracentrifugation into d less than 1.063, d 1.063-1.21 and d greater than 1.21 fractions, the distributions of recovered apolipoprotein A-I were, respectively: 1, 94 and 5% for normal intima, 19, 31 and 50% for plaques and 1, 89 and 10% for plasma. Characterization of a chromatographically purified d 1.063-1.21 or HDL density fraction from fatty-fibrous plaques demonstrated particles of between 60 and 120 A diameter, a characteristic apolipoprotein A-I band by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and a precipitin peak closely migrating with that for plasma HDL by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. The d greater than 1.21 density fraction from plaques isolated by affinity chromatography on a Sepharose-anti-apolipoprotein A-I column contained small amounts of phospholipid but no measurable cholesterol. The d 1.063-1.21 density fraction from plaques showed a significant increase in percent free cholesterol and phospholipid contents and decrease in cholesteryl ester content relative to plasma HDL. This increase in free cholesterol could represent evidence for an anti-atherogenic mechanism wherein infiltrated HDL removes cholesterol together with phospholipid from the arterial wall. PMID- 6809056 TI - Relative rates of sterol synthesis in the liver and various extrahepatic tissues of normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits. Relationship to plasma lipoprotein and tissue cholesterol levels. AB - The relative rates of sterol synthesis in the liver and ten extrahepatic tissues of normal and cholesterol-fed rabbits were determined by measuring the rates of incorporation of [1-14C]octanoate into digitonin-precipitable sterols by tissue slices. In normal rabbits the rate of sterol synthesis in the liver was very low compared to that in several extrahepatic tissues, particularly the small intestine. The rate of synthesis in the small intestine showed marked regional variation, with the highest rate occurring in the section proximal to the entry of the common bile duct and the lowest rate in the mid-sections of the intestine. The regional differences in intestinal sterol synthesis correlated inversely with the cholesteryl ester content of the tissue. Rabbits fed the cholesterol diet developed marked hypercholesterolemia, with much of the additional cholesterol appearing in the VLDL and LDL fractions. The cholesteryl ester content of the liver, small intestine and various other extrahepatic tissues increased significantly. Coincident with these changes was a marked suppression of sterol synthesis, not only in the liver, but also in the small intestine, adrenal gland, kidney, lung, spleen and ovary. Thus, the rabbit, like the guinea pig, normally exhibits a very low rate of hepatic sterol synthesis compared to that found in other species such as the rat, squirrel monkey and baboon and, furthermore, manifests feedback inhibition of both hepatic and extrahepatic sterol synthesis when dietary cholesterol intake is increased. This general suppression of synthesis correlates with an accumulation of cholesteryl ester in the tissues which, in turn, presumably is related to the uptake of lipoprotein cholesterol from the hypercholesterolemic plasma that develops under such dietary conditions. PMID- 6809061 TI - Conservation of secondary structure in 5 S ribosomal RNA: a uniform model for eukaryotic, eubacterial, archaebacterial and organelle sequences is energetically favourable. AB - The most commonly accepted secondary structure models for 5S RNA differ for molecules of eubacterial origin, where the four-helix model of Fox and Woese is generally cited, and those of eukaryotic origin, where a fifth helix is assumed to exist. We have carefully aligned all available sequences from eukaryotes, eubacteria, chloroplasts, archaebacteria and plant mitochondria. We could thus derive a unified secondary structure model applicable to all 5S RNA sequences known to-date. It contains the five helices already present in the eukaryotic model, extended by additional segments that were not previously assumed to be universally present. One of the helices can be written in two equilibrium forms, which could reflect the existence of a flexible, dynamic structure. For the derivation of the model and the estimation of the free energies we followed a set of rules optimized to predict the tRNA cloverleaf. The stability of the unified model is higher than that of nearly all previously proposed sequence-specific and general models. PMID- 6809059 TI - Purification and some properties of ornithine decarboxylase from rat liver. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) was purified to near homogeneity from the livers of thioacetamide- and DL-alpha-hydrazino-delta aminovaleric acid-treated rats by using three types of affinity chromatography with pyridoxamine phosphate Sepharose, pyridoxamine phosphate-dipropylenetriamine-Sepharose and heparin Sepharose. This procedure gave a purification of about 3.5.10(5)-fold with an 8% yield; the specific activity of the final enzyme preparation was 1.1.10(6) nmol CO2/h per mg protein. The purified enzyme gave a single band of protein which coincided with activity peak on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and also gave a single major band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A single precipitin line was formed between the purified enzyme and an antiserum raised against a partially purified enzyme, on Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 105000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at several different gel concentrations; the dissociated subunits had molecular weights of 50000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was pH 4.1. PMID- 6809060 TI - Renal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase turnover in hypo- and hyperthyroid rat in vivo. AB - The effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on activity, synthesis and degradation of renal cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) was studied in the rat by radioimmunological techniques. In hypo- and euthyroid rats, starvation induced similar alterations in enzyme activities and relative rates of synthesis, whereas in hyperthyroid rats the increase in both was significantly reduced. Substitution of L-thyroxine in hypothyroid rats resulted in a decrease in activity and synthesis within 18 h as observed in hyperthyroid animals. The apparent half-life of the enzyme measured by double-pulse labeling experiments was approx. 13 h in euthyroid animals. The rate of degradation was unaffected by the different thyroid states. PMID- 6809063 TI - Mania associated with the use of baclofen. PMID- 6809062 TI - Interrelationship of insulin and somatomedin activity in fetal rats. AB - The effects of glucose and glibenclamide on fetal body weight and fetal serum somatomedin activity were studied. From day 18 to day 20 post-conception, pregnant rats were continuously infused with saline or 40% glucose, which raised the maternal blood sugar to about 200 mg/dl. On day 21 of gestation, fetal body weight was not different, while fetal serum somatomedin activity was significantly elevated in the hyperlycemic animals. Glibenclamide, 1 mg/kg body weight, was injected on day 20 of gestation to the rat mother. The sulfonylurea crossed the placenta. A daily glibenclamide injection from day 16 to day 20 post conception did not change the fetal body weight, but it significantly augmented the fetal serum somatomedian activity. The results suggest that insulin stimulated the generation of somatomedian activity in the fetus. Both insulin and somatomedian may act as fetal growth factors. PMID- 6809058 TI - Studies on the incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonic acid into glycerolipids and its conversion into prostaglandins by rabbit iris. Effects of anti-inflammatory drugs and phospholipase A2 inhibitors. AB - The effects of the anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and aspirin, and the phospholipase A2 inhibitors, p-bromophenacyl bromide and mepacrine, on the in vitro metabolism of [1-14C]arachidonic acid by rabbit iris smooth muscle and iris microsomes were investigated. The incorporation of arachidonate into glycerolipids and its conversion into prostaglandins were rapid and time dependent. About 65% of the total radioactivity was recovered in triacylglycerol, followed by that in phosphatidylcholine (20%), diacylglycerol (6%), phosphatidylethanolamine (5%) and phosphatidylinositol (3%), respectively. Time course studies on arachidonate release from glycerolipids of prelabelled tissue showed that triacylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol are the major source for arachidonate in prostaglandin synthesis in this tissue. Arachidonate release from glycerolipids was not blocked by indomethacin and the effects of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors were nonspecific. p-Bromophenacyl bromide inhibited the labelling of glycerolipids in a dose-dependent manner. Mepacrine stimulated the labelling of phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol and diacylglycerol, and inhibited that of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and triacylglycerol. At concentrations under 0.25 mM it stimulated prostaglandin synthesis in microsomes and at concentrations over 0.25 mM it inhibited their synthesis in both muscle and microsomes. Indomethacin and aspirin moderately increased the labelling of glycerolipids; however, both drugs inhibited prostaglandin synthesis by iris and iris microsomes in a dose-dependent manner. Possible explanations for mechanisms underlying these effects were presented. It is concluded that the phospholipase A2 inhibitors and the anti-inflammatory drugs exert profound effects on the incorporation of [1-14C]arachidonate into glycerolipids of the rabbit iris and on its conversion into prostaglandins by both iris and iris microsomes. PMID- 6809064 TI - The P300 component of the event-related brain potential as an index of information processing. AB - Studies of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have shown that attributes of the ERP can be used as dependent variables in the study of human information processing. These variables can complement the information gained from the study of overt, skeletal responses. The manner in which the P300 component of the EPR can be used to study human information processing is illustrated in this report. Specifically, we show that through an analysis of the covariation of the latency of P300 component and reaction time, it is possible to examine the relation between the probability of a stimulus and the speed of response to that stimulus. Our data indicate that increased in the probability of a stimulus reduce reaction time by decreasing both stimulus-evaluation and response-production times. We also examine changes in reaction time and P300 latency induced by the match or mismatch between two stimuli presented consecutively, again as a function of probability. Models of the effects of stimulus matching on reaction time are evaluated. PMID- 6809065 TI - Fluctuations in membrane current driven by intracellular calcium in cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Spontaneous oscillatory fluctuations in membrane potential are often observed in heart cells, but their basis remains controversial. Such activity is enhanced in cardiac Purkinje fibers by exposure to digitalis or K-free solutions. Under these conditions, we find that voltage noise is generated by current fluctuations that persist when membrane potential is voltage clamped. Power spectra of current signals are not made up of single time-constant components, as expected from gating of independent channels, but are dominated by resonant characteristics between 0.5 and 2 HZ. Our evidence suggests that the periodicity arises from oscillatory variations in intracellular free Ca that control ion movements across the surface membrane. The current fluctuations are strongly cross-correlated with oscillatory fluctuations in contractile force, and are inhibited by removing extracellular Ca or exposure to D600. Chelating intracellular Ca with injected EGTA also abolishes the current fluctuations. The oscillatory mechanism may involve cycles of Ca (or Sr) movement between sarcoplasmic reticulum and myoplasm, as previously suggested for skinned cardiac preparations. Our experiments in intact cells indicate that changes in surface membrane potential can modulate cytoplasmic Ca oscillations in frequency and perhaps amplitude as well. A two-way interaction between surface membrane potential and intracellular Ca stores may be a common feature of heart, neuron, and other cell types. PMID- 6809067 TI - Fragmentation patterns of trimethylsilyl derivatives of dihydrodiol glucuronides produced by metabolism of naphthalene and 1-methyl-N-naphthylcarbamate. PMID- 6809068 TI - Solid-phase synthesis of a soluble pepstatin derivative suitable for therapeutic use. PMID- 6809066 TI - Mass spectrometric measurement of end-tidal xenon concentration for clinical stable xenon/computerized tomography cerebral blood flow studies. AB - We have demonstrated the feasibility of using a compact dedicated mass spectrometer to monitor end-tidal xenon concentration in human subjects during stable xenon computerized tomography measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. End-tidal carbon dioxide concentration is monitored simultaneously and noninvasively without degrading the dynamic response to xenon. For clinical regional cerebral blood flow studies we employed a Nuclide 3-60-G Sectorr mass spectrometer with a 3 in radius, 60 degrees magnetic sector and a variable (0 5000 V) ion accelerating potential. The required high vacuum (10(-7) Torr) was achieved and maintained by means of a turbomolecular pump. A needlemetering valve was incorporated into an anesthesia mask connector, and exhaled gases were transported to the mass spectrometer via a 6 ft length of Teflon tubing (1/16 in i.d.). Molecular flow conditions between the sample and analysis chambers were provided by use of a gold foil leak (0.0005 in. hole). At an inlet pressure of 400 m Torr (achieved by means of the needle valve), the inlet system was characterized by a gas transport lag-time of 1.3 s and a rise-time constant of 85 ms. Xenon (doubly charged ion: m/z 68) and carbon dioxide (doubly charged ion: m/z 22) were monitored alternately at 75 ms intervals. Our experience with mass spectrometry has demonstrated the feasibility of using a compact dedicated instrument for accurately and non-invasively monitoring end-tidal xenon concentration in a clinical setting. PMID- 6809069 TI - Effect of electrode temperatures on monitoring of transcutaneous carbon dioxide (TcPCO2) in prematures. AB - To establish the optimal electrode temperature for monitoring of transcutaneous PCO2 (TcPCO2) in neonates, a study was performed using electrode temperatures of 37, 42, and 44 degrees C, respectively. The tests were performed by means of TcPCO2 electrodes designed by Radiometer A/S, Copenhagen. In 22 neonates 22 paired values of TcPCO2 and arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) were obtained at each of the above-mentioned electrode temperatures. The correlation coefficient obtained at an electrode temperature of 37 degrees C was 0.83. At electrode temperatures of 42 and 44 degrees C the correlation coefficients were improved to 0.96 and 0.94, respectively, TcPCO2 always being higher than the simultaneously measured PaCO2. An enlarged study comprising 32 neonates at an electrode temperature of 42 degrees C showed the regression line between PaCO2 (mm Hg) and TcPCO2 (mm Hg) to be PaCO2 = 0.81 . TcPCO2 - 2.8. PMID- 6809070 TI - Monitoring of PCO2 by skin surface sensors. AB - The methodology of cutaneous PCO2 measurement and the results of the first clinical studies performed with a newly developed sensor are reported. The in vitro data of the sensor are: sensitivity 55 mV/decade; response time tau 90% = 50 s; drift less than 10% per 24 h; no measurable interference by oxygen and anesthetic gases. At a sensor temperature of 44 degrees C, the correlation between arterial PCO2 and cutaneous PCO2 is significant, with correlation coefficients above 0.95 both in case of neonates and adult patients. The cutaneous PCO2 is, however, consistently higher than arterial PCO2, and a correction of the cutaneous PCO2 value needs to be performed. At 44 degrees C, the time lag between changes of cutaneous PCO2 and arterial PCO2 is about 2-3 min as estimated from capnometric measurements. At lower sensor temperatures, the correlation between arterial and cutaneous PCO2 is still good; however, the physiological response time of the cutaneous PCO2 measurement becomes prohibitively long. PMID- 6809072 TI - An on-line computer system for monitoring respiratory and cardiac functions of patients. AB - A computer-based noninvasive and continuous patient monitoring system for breath by-breath assessment of cardiorespiratory functions was developed. Transthoracic impedance changes caused by respiratory and cardiac activities were measured with separate impedance plethysmographs of different frequencies. A mini-computer system calculated on-line eight respiratory parameters (VT, f, VE, PETO2, PETCO2, VO2, VCO2, and R) in cooperation with expired gas analysis data from a mass spectrometer, and three cardiac parameters (SV, HR and Q). These parameters were displayed simultaneously at the end of each breath. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the impedance cardiogram to a level allowing computer determination, an ensemble averaging technique was utilized. The computer-derived cardiorespiratory parameters obtained during voluntary hyperventilation and a passive tilt demonstrated reasonable changes. PMID- 6809073 TI - Characterization of the colony-forming cell in monoclonal gammopathies. AB - The nature of the colony-forming cell in the bone marrow of patients with monoclonal gammopathy, as defined in the stem cell assay described by Hamburger and Salmon, has been studied. It could be shown that the colony-forming cells produce immunoglobulins of the same idiotype, heavy chain and light chain, as the monoclonal bone marrow cells in the patient. Data regarding the presence or absence of J chain in the colonies, the failure to observe isotype-switch in the growing colonies, as well as the lack of inhibition of colony formation using antiidiotypic antibodies, strongly suggest that colony formation in vitro reflects proliferation of the clonogenic stem cell in the bone marrow without apparent differentiation. The stem cell may be of plasma cell nature. PMID- 6809075 TI - Nonprogressive course of non-A, non-B chronic hepatitis in multitransfused hemophiliacs. AB - Eleven hemophiliacs with chronic liver disease were studied prospectively for 6 yr, with liver function tests and liver biopsies carried out at intervals of 3 yr. The second series of biopsies, compared with the first series, showed continuation of chronic persistent hepatitis in four patients, change to chronic lobular hepatitis in two, and spontaneous improvement of the disease in the four cases who had had chronic active hepatitis characterized by moderate piecemeal necrosis. One patient with active cirrhosis died of liver failure during the follow-up period. Study of the serum and intrahepatic markers for hepatitis B and delta viruses suggests that chronic liver disease is nonprogressive in hemophiliacs who have no intrahepatic viral marker. PMID- 6809074 TI - Electron microscopic localization of factor-VIII-related antigen in adult human blood vessels. AB - We have localized factor-VIII-related antigen, using immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, in adult human blood vessels. In addition to its presence in endothelial cells, the antigen was localized within subendothelium and the layers of elastic lamina closest to the lumen. Also, we provide the first morphological evidence that factor-VIII-related antigen is associated with collagen fibrils within the vessel wall. These studies suggest that this subendothelial factor VIII-related antigen may play a role in the adhesion of platelets to subendothelial components following endothelial injury. PMID- 6809071 TI - Transcutaneous PO2 monitoring in routine observation of newborns. AB - TcPO2 was monitored in 209 of 814 infants admitted to the premature ward connected to our obstetric department. The majority of the infants were monitored less than 14 h. Approximately 77% of the infants were treated with up to 40% O2, while for a period the remaining infants were treated with more than 40% O2. TcPO2 values were generally controlled to the desirable range of 7-12 kPa (50-90 mm Hg). The daily handling of the equipment was performed by the nursing staff, who found good correlation between the TcPO2 measurement and clinical observations. The importance of application of the electrode in the preductal area is stressed to avoid hyperoxemia in the retinal vessels. PMID- 6809077 TI - Activation of factor VIII by factor IXa. AB - Thrombin causes an increase in factor VIII coagulant (VIII:C) activity, which is followed by a decay of VIII:C activity to below baseline levels. It has been suggested that a similar interaction of trace amounts of thrombin and factor VIII is a necessary prerequisite before factor VIII can participate in the coagulation cascade. In the current study, factor IXa, a serine protease with structural similarities to thrombin, is shown to cause an increase and subsequent fall in VIII:C in a manner qualitatively similar to the reaction with thrombin. The reaction is inhibited by a human inhibitor to factor IX and the interaction appears to involve only VIII:C, since factor-VIII-related protein (VIII:RP) is not changed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or radioimmunoassay during the reaction. Phospholipid increases the activation of factor VIII by factor IXa, and high concentrations of diisopropylfluorophosphate and hirudin inhibit the reaction. The physiologic significance of the interaction of factor IXa with factor VIII is not entirely clear since the concentration of factor IXa needed for activation is much greater than the concentration of thrombin required for similar activation of factor VIII. Factor IXa is most likely to play a role in the intrinsic cascade acting as an initial activator of factor VIII, since factor IXa precedes thrombin in this clotting sequence. In addition, factor IXa may be important wherever relatively high local concentrations of factor IXa and factor VIII occur, particularly in the presence of phospholipid, which may serve to localize the coagulation factors. PMID- 6809076 TI - A canine model of hemophilic (factor VIII:C deficiency) bleeding. AB - A model of bleeding due to clotting factor deficiency has been developed in dogs. Normal and hemophilic (factor VIII:C deficient) animals were used. Bleeding was induced in lightly anesthetized animals by severing the apex of the nail cuticle using a guillotine device. In normal animals, bleeding usually ceased spontaneously after 2-8 min. In contrast, in hemophilic animals, bleeding continued for up to 20 min and necessitated either cauterization or the application of topical thrombin to achieve hemostasis. Pretreatment of the hemophilic animals with canine cryoprecipitate corrected the cuticle bleeding time to within the range noted for normal animals. The method is simple and reproducible and has the advantage that a number of observations can be made sequentially on the same animal. Rebleeding of the cauterized cuticle of the hemophilic animals did not usually occur. This model has considerable potential for the preclinical testing of products considered to bypass or replace factor VIII:C in patients with acquired inhibitors of factor VIII:C and may be adapted to the study of other mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal hemostasis. PMID- 6809079 TI - Human blood monocytes and platelets share a cell surface component. AB - We describe a surface determinant shared by human monocytes and cells of the megakaryocytic axis that has been identified using a mouse monoclonal antibody. This monocyte-platelet antigen (MPA) is expressed on all (greater than 99%) of peripheral blood monocytes, platelets, and megakaryocytes. It is also expressed weakly on the monocytic cell line U937 and the promyelocytic line HL60 and is present on cells from 3 of 4 AML patients examined. It is absent from polymorphonuclear leukocytes, T and B lymphocytes, erythrocytes, and a panel of hematopoietic cell lines. MPA is stripped from monocyte membranes with pronase and is reexpressed overnight. The determinant is carried on a noncovalently linked biomolecular complex with molecular weights of 93,000 and 135,000. PMID- 6809078 TI - Analysis of T-cell differentiation antigens in acute lymphatic leukemia using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Leukemic cells in 134 patients with ALL were analyzed by a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Two antibodies are reactive with all peripheral blood T cells but define different surface antigens (Leu-1 and Leu-4). Two other antibodies react with antigens that are restricted to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Leu-2) and to helper T cells (Leu-3). We also used antibodies to the receptor for sheep red blood cells (SRBC) (Leu-5) and to a human "TL-like" antigen that is found on most thymocytes but not in peripheral T cells (Leu-6). An antibody to the human p29.34 "Ia-like" molecule was also tested. Of the 134 ALL patients, 17 had a predominance of SRBC-rosetting (Leu-5+) lymphoblasts ("T" ALL), expressing different surface phenotypes defined by this panel of monoclonal antibodies. These phenotypes were not readily classifiable according to a scheme of sequential stages of normal differentiation proposed. Moreover, the lymphoblasts in 8 of 113 patients not expressing conventional B- to T-cell markers ("null" ALL) reacted with the monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. This study suggests that the classification of lymphoblasts in ALL based on the reactivities observed with this panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies is not easily reconciled with current models of normal T-cell differentiation. However, it should be emphasized that the precise sequence of antigenic expression by cells undergoing thymic differentiation is still not fully known, and further phenotypic analysis of ALL cells might contribute to an improved understanding of this malignancy. PMID- 6809080 TI - Differences in the sensitivity of short-term bioassays. PMID- 6809082 TI - PCBs and other xenobiotics in raw and cooked carp. PMID- 6809081 TI - Sublethal copper stress and susceptibility of channel catfish to experimental infections with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. PMID- 6809083 TI - PCB residues in feedlot steers. II. Tissue levels. PMID- 6809084 TI - Simplified cleanup procedures for adipose tissue containing polychlorinated biphenyls, DDT, and DDT metabolites. PMID- 6809087 TI - Celebration and history: the centenary of Robert Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus. PMID- 6809086 TI - Uptake of 4-chlorobiphenyl and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenyl in six species of plant tissue cultures. PMID- 6809085 TI - Determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in plant tissue. PMID- 6809088 TI - [Diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases using ultrastructural studies and biopsies of the conjunctiva]. PMID- 6809090 TI - Effect of ETYA and BW 755c on arachidonate-induced contractions in the guinea-pig isolated trachea. AB - 1. Arachidonic acid caused larger contractions to indomethacin-tested guinea-pig trachea than in control tracheae. 2. No change in contractions was obtained in tracheae treated with 5,8, 11, 14, eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA 10 micro M). 3. ETYA (100 micro M) blocked the effect of indomethacin on arachidonic acid-induced responses. Likewise BW 755c (113 micro M) reversed the effect of indomethacin. 4. The results show that arachidonate lipoxygenase products may be responsible for the contractile responses seen in the presence of indomethacin. PMID- 6809091 TI - Lithium in a case of severe anorexia nervosa. PMID- 6809089 TI - Experimental dissociation of the effects of prostaglandins on renal sodium and water reabsorption by cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in the rat. AB - 1 The relative importance of the effect of prostaglandins on renal sodium and water reabsorption was assessed in rats. 2 Clearance experiments were performed on 24 anaesthetized rats divided into 3 groups. Each group was infused throughout either with Ringer solution at 9 ml/h (Protocol I), or at 3 ml/h (Protocol II) or with hypotonic fluid at 5 ml/h (Protocol III). Clearance periods were performed before and after intravenous injection of indomethacin (5 mg/kg) and then of aspirin (20 mg/kg). The natriuretic response to different degrees of volume expansion was not modified during the action of the inhibitors. 3 When baseline urine osmolality (Uosm) was high (Protocol II) no further increase occurred in the presence of prostaglandin inhibition. Conversely, Uosm rose from 771 +/- 134 to 1356 +/- 414 and from 575 +/- 245 to 841 +/- 407 mosm/kg (P less than 0.05) in Protocol I and Protocol III respectively, when antidiuretic hormone secretion was inhibited by the higher degree of volume expansion. 4 There was a significant correlation between the change in urine flow rate induced by cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the attendant variations in Na excretion, r = 0.42, n = 41, P less than 0.01. 5 Thus, prostaglandins affect Na loss during saline load as a side effect of their action on water permeability. They could play an important role in volume depletion by counterbalancing the large secretion rate of renal vasoconstrictors. PMID- 6809092 TI - The hormonal pattern in varicocele and its relationship with the findings of testicular biopsy: preliminary results. AB - In 26 patients with varicocele, measurements of plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), testosterone (T) and oestradiol2 (E2) were made; pre-operative and post-operative sperm counts, dynamic stimulation tests with HCG and clomiphene, and testicular biopsies including light microscopy, morphometry, and ultrastructural study in 4 cases, were also performed. A correlation was found between the hormonal pattern and testicular morphology. PMID- 6809093 TI - Hyperprolactinaemia and male infertility. PMID- 6809094 TI - Reduced catheter sepsis and prolonged catheter life using a tunnelled silicone rubber catheter for total parenteral nutrition. AB - One hundred and five patients were given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for an average of 15 days via centrally placed venous catheters. Thirty-seven polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and 80 silicone rubber catheters were used. All the silicone rubber and 8 of the PVC catheters were buried in a subcutaneous tunnel. When silicone rubber catheters were used, there was significantly less catheter sepsis (P much less than 0.01), catheter life was prolonged by 50 per cent and fewer catheter insertions per patient were necessary. PMID- 6809096 TI - Severe dysphagia from emepronium bromide associated with oesophageal diverticulum. PMID- 6809095 TI - An intrapapillary pancreatic duct diverticulum: a rare but surgically correctable cause of juvenile pancreatitis. PMID- 6809097 TI - Brodrick exhumed again. PMID- 6809098 TI - Urological complications of renal transplantation. PMID- 6809103 TI - Avoidance of tracheostomy in sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 6809104 TI - Suicidal insulin overdose managed by excision of insulin injection site. PMID- 6809101 TI - Impact of sex ratio on onset and management of labour. AB - In a study of 52,266 live singleton deliveries in a total population male babies were delivered at earlier gestations than female. This difference was not due to induction or elective caesarean section. Female babies were more likely to present and be delivered by the breech. When the presentation was cephalic, male babies were much more likely to be delivered by forceps or caesarean section and female babies to deliver spontaneously. PMID- 6809099 TI - Letting intrauterine devices lie. PMID- 6809100 TI - Prediction of haemorrhagic diathesis in thrombocytopenia by mean platelet volume. AB - The Coulter counter, model S Plus, Provides a platelet count and a mean platelet volume in all routine specimens of blood for cell count. The value of mean platelet volume in the prediction of the haemostatic potential of thrombocytopenic patients was investigated in 175 patients with haematological disorders who underwent 1473 blood counts over five months. Eighty-four haemorrhagic episodes were detected, most in thrombocytopenic patients. The mean platelet volume of patients with haemorrhagic tendency was significantly lower (5.52 +/- SD 0.7 fl) than that of patients without these tendencies (7.87 +/- SD 1.75 fl) (p less than 0.001). In cases of severe thrombocytopenia (less than 20 x 10(9)/1 platelets) haemorrhagic episodes were frequent; however, the frequency of bleeding was considerably lower in cases in which the mean platelet volume was higher than a suggested cut-off point of 6.4 fl. Discriminant analysis selected mean platelet volume as more important than platelet count for prediction of haemorrhagic state in severe thrombocytopenia. In view of the useful discrimination that mean platelet volume provides between thrombocytopenic patients who bleed and those who do not bleed, it may serve as a guide to predict the danger of haemorrhage and the need for prophylactic platelet transfusion. PMID- 6809102 TI - Blood pressure and contraceptive use. PMID- 6809105 TI - Uncertainties in Bradford. PMID- 6809106 TI - Problems, priorities, and possibilities. PMID- 6809108 TI - Pads and pants for urinary incontinence. AB - Fifty-one female patients, incontinent of urine, were asked to compared two different combinations of pants and pads used in the ambulatory management of their incontinence. They were offered the Kanga pant with a Kanga pad and the Sandra pant with a Bambi pad. Each patient tried both pants and pads and thus comparisons could be made on a within-patient basis. Both systems kept a similar proportion of patients dry during the day and night. In terms of comfort, however, the Kanga pant was quite clearly preferred to the Sandra. The Bambi pad was rated more highly than the Kanga pad, although the difference between the two pads was not so pronounced as that between pants. PMID- 6809107 TI - Management of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (excluding miliary and meningeal) in south and west Wales (1976-8). AB - In a retrospective survey of the management of extrapulmonary tuberculosis lymph node and genitourinary tuberculosis were found more commonly than bone and joint or gynaecological disease. Only 29% of patients received 18 moths' chemotherapy while 31% received nine to 12 months' treatment with rifampicin and isoniazid regimens and 34% had short-course chemotherapy with other regimens. Five patients were not offered any chemotherapy after diagnosis, and in five patients the diagnosis was overlooked because of administrative errors. One patient died from tuberculosis (renal). Poor drug compliance appeared less of a problem than in pulmonary tuberculosis. Only 14% of patients had their disease managed solely by consultants who were not specialists in chest disease. Liaison with a chest consultant did not necessarily ensure chemotherapy for 18 moths. PMID- 6809109 TI - The arms race and health care. PMID- 6809110 TI - Effect of reduction of anticonvulsants on wellbeing. AB - An attempt was made over a period of a year to reduce the number of anticonvulsants used to treat epilepsy in a hospital for the mentally handicapped. At least one drug was withdrawn for each of 20 patients, without loss of seizure control. Effect on wellbeing was assessed by a behavioural scale completed before and after withdrawal, and in the 20 cases of successful withdrawal wellbeing was significantly improved. PMID- 6809111 TI - Diabetic complications: retinopathy. PMID- 6809112 TI - Fatal aplastic anaemia associated with mianserin. PMID- 6809113 TI - Mianserin-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6809114 TI - Distributions of birth weight in seven Dublin maternity units. PMID- 6809115 TI - Quinine by intravenous infusion for falciparum malaria. PMID- 6809116 TI - Claims about compression treatment for venous disease. PMID- 6809117 TI - Managing cerebral malaria. PMID- 6809118 TI - Non-smoking: a feature of ulcerative colitis. PMID- 6809123 TI - Transsexualism observed. PMID- 6809120 TI - Electric convulsion therapy apparatus. PMID- 6809121 TI - Sharing primary care: lessons from Medicover. PMID- 6809122 TI - Benoxaprofen. PMID- 6809119 TI - Private beds. PMID- 6809125 TI - Pregnancy in the marfan syndrome. PMID- 6809126 TI - Reduction in size of prolactin-secreting tumours in men treated with pergolide. AB - The effect of pergolide mesylate was studied in two previously untreated men with large prolactinomas and exceptionally high prolactin concentrations. The study was designed to determine whether pergolide would be effective in alleviating symptoms, correcting hormonal abnormalities and shrinking the tumour. Starting with 50 micrograms daily the dose of pergolide was slowly increased over 10 weeks to 1 mg once daily, when repeat assessment was performed. Both patients reported complete relief of symptoms, with no side effects. Serum prolactin concentration was suppressed to normal in both subjects, and evidence to suggest tumour shrinkage was observed. Pergolide appears to be effective treatment for men with large prolactinomas. PMID- 6809124 TI - Immune guided missiles. PMID- 6809127 TI - Septicaemia due to Yersinia enterocolitica after oral overdoses of iron. AB - Septicaemia occurred after accidental oral overdoses of iron in two previously healthy children. Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:3 was recovered from blood and stool cultures in both patients. Enhanced growth of Y enterocolitica in the intestine combined with damage of intestinal mucosa may have been of major importance for the development of generalised infection in these cases. Iron and the iron chelating agent desferrioxamine may possibly have a pathogenetic role in such circumstances. PMID- 6809128 TI - Sphygmomanometers in hospital and family practice: problems and recommendations. AB - The accuracy and working condition of 210 sphygmomanometers were tested: 100 (50 and mercury and 50 aneroid) models were used in family practices and 100 mercury models in hospitals. Faults in the inflation-deflation system were common and caused mainly by dirt or wear in the control valves. Leakage occurred in 48% of the hospital and 33% of the family practice sphygmomanometers. In the mercury models the mercury or air vents were often in an unsatisfactory condition or the calibrated glass tube dirty. The accuracy of the gauges was examined at 90 and 150 mm Hg: fewer than 2% of the mercury sphygmomanometers but 30% of the aneroid models had errors greater than +/- 4 mm Hg at either pressure. Over half of the cuffs examined had bladders widths less than the recommended size, and 94% had bladders shorter than the length recommended for use on normal adults. Mercury sphygmomanometers should be bought in preference to aneroid models as they are more accurate, less expensive in the long term, and can be maintained by the owner; they should be checked every six to 12 months depending on usage. Replacement parts should be kept readily available. PMID- 6809129 TI - Drug resistance among infantile enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated in the United Kingdom. AB - Two hundred and thirty-two strains of Escherichia coli belonging to infantile enteropathogenic serotypes isolated in the United Kingdom during 1980 and 1981 were tested for resistance to 10 antimicrobial drugs. Resistance to one or more drugs was found in 134 (57.8%) of the strains, with resistance to sulphonamides, streptomycin, tetracycline, and ampicillin occurring most commonly. Resistance was transferable in 65 out of 104 resistant strains. These findings are a cause for concern because they indicate that the choice of treatment for severe illness is limited and suggest that a large pool of drug-resistant organisms exists in the community. PMID- 6809130 TI - Reuse of haemodialysis equipment: convenience and cost effectiveness. AB - The shortage of resources for providing renal replacement makes it essential to reduce revenue costs wherever possible. Assuming that haemodialysis is likely to remain a mainstay of renal replacement, a policy of reusing the expensive disposable dialysers and blood lines could offer substantial cost savings. Such reuse has been shown to be safe and to maintain efficiency, but it must also take account of convenience to the patient, especially those dialysing at home. A survey of patients treated with home dialysis shows that the rate of reuse of the complete extracorporeal circuit was highest for those patients who had automated reuse systems. PMID- 6809131 TI - Regression of carcinoid tumour with cyproheptadine. PMID- 6809132 TI - Clostridium difficile in toxic megacolon complicating acute inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6809133 TI - Paralytic ileus and urinary retention due to hypothyroidism. PMID- 6809134 TI - Motor spastic paraplegia and unilateral infranuclear facial palsy complicating tetanus. PMID- 6809135 TI - Unusual strychnine poisoning and its treatment: report of eight cases. PMID- 6809136 TI - Should general practitioners be planners? PMID- 6809137 TI - How to do collaborative research. PMID- 6809139 TI - Availability of computed tomography for the management of head injuries in England and Wales. AB - Senior neuroradiologists or radiologists of 42 hospitals with computed tomography available for NHS patients in England and Wales were contacted by postal questionnaire about the use of this facility in the management of patients with acute head injuries. Replies were obtained from 39 hospitals. Requests for computed tomography from general surgeons or physicians and staff of accident and emergency departments received positive responses for scanning with only half to three-quarters the frequency of responses to requests from neurosurgeons. Continuous computed tomography facilities were available generally to neurosurgeons. The combined effect of partial responses to requests and the availability of the computed tomography service meant that only 44% of hospitals gave a continuous service for general surgeons or physicians. The percentage of hospitals giving a continuous service to accident and emergency departments was 54%. It appeared that computed tomography scanning was being used most often as a diagnostic/management instrument after clinical selection among patients with head injuries rather than as an instrument to be used in primary assessment. PMID- 6809138 TI - Allergy screening using a microcomputer. AB - Data are presented to show that a microcomputer can be programmed to: (1) analyse a standard allergy questionnaire, (2) reliably predict the ranked order probabilities with which IgE antibody tests will produce positive results, (3) store the IgE test results, and (4) print a comprehensive report that summarises and integrates the clinical and laboratory data. Consequently, the practitioner who refers a blood sample and a questionnaire completed by the patient to a centre where both can be analysed will obtain enough practical information to decide whether to treat or refer that patient to a specialist. The microcomputer is therefore potentially of great value in any preliminary allergy investigation. PMID- 6809142 TI - Cigarette consumption and biochemical measures of smoke intake. PMID- 6809140 TI - Who asks for vasectomy reversal and why? AB - Of the 76 men requesting reversal of vasectomy who were interviewed at Charing Cross Hospital between June 1978 and September 1981, 31 were still married. These men had decided to have a vasectomy during a crisis-a recent pregnancy or financial stress being the commonest reason. Most wanted another child but others wished to be "put back to normal," and a few hoped reversal would help their marriage. Forty-five (59%) were divorced or separated and felt disadvantaged in courtship or remarriage by being infertile, many wives or partners being "desperate" for a pregnancy. A greater number of requests for reversal came from men who had been under 35 at the time of vasectomy and who were more likely to have been divorced, especially if there had been a teenage pregnancy. The risks of regret after sterilisation appear to relate to immaturity at the time of the vasectomy and to be as great for young men as for young women. PMID- 6809144 TI - Op-Site and the DHSS. PMID- 6809141 TI - Diabetic neuropathy-I. PMID- 6809143 TI - The GP and the specialist: gastroenterology. PMID- 6809145 TI - Prevalence of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6809146 TI - What shall we do with the drunken citizen? PMID- 6809147 TI - Simple and effective method of removing starch powder from surgical gloves. PMID- 6809150 TI - Electronic bed wetting alarm and toilet trainer. PMID- 6809149 TI - Haemofiltration for profound dialysis-induced hypotension: removal of sodium and water without blood-pressure change. PMID- 6809151 TI - The health visitor and prevention. PMID- 6809148 TI - Cardiac arrythmias. Cardiac arrhthmias in the elderly. PMID- 6809152 TI - Response of patients to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: effect of inherent personality traits and premedication with diazepam. PMID- 6809153 TI - Headache and tumours in children. PMID- 6809154 TI - Careers of doctors qualifying in Britain in 1974: a report on their employment status in 1979. PMID- 6809155 TI - Images of the heart. PMID- 6809156 TI - Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 6809157 TI - Deaths and anaesthesia. PMID- 6809158 TI - Further field testing of the more heat-stable measles vaccines in Cameroon. AB - Two of the more heat-stable measles vaccines were field tested in Cameroon. Both maintained the minimum required infectivity titre and the ability to induce seroconversion after storage unreconstituted at 37 degrees C for 14 days. One of the vaccines, studied after reconstitution, maintained its ability to induce seroconversion after reconstitution and storage at 25 degrees C for 48 hours and at 37 degrees C for at least four hours. The increased heat stability of the studied vaccines will not eliminate the need for a well-monitored system of vaccine conservation and distribution but will ease the rigid cold-storage requirements of conventional measles vaccines. PMID- 6809159 TI - Are HLA antigens important in the development of alcohol-induced liver disease? AB - The prevalences of 10 HLA-A and 16 HLA-B antigens were determined in 50 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and 120 alcoholic patients without cirrhosis and compared with those in a control group of 550 healthy subjects from the same geographical area. B40 was absent in the patients with cirrhosis but was found in 18 (15%) of the patients without cirrhosis (p = 0.0087). No other association was noted. It is concluded that there is no good evidence to date of an association between HLA antigen state and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis. PMID- 6809161 TI - Randomised controlled trial of nicotine chewing-gum. AB - The effectiveness of 2 mg nicotine chewing-gum as an aid to stopping smoking was compared with a placebo containing 1 mg nicotine, but unbuffered, in a double blind randomised trial. Of 58 subjects given the active gum, 27 (47%) were not smoking at one-year follow-up compared with 12 (21%) of the 58 subjects treated with placebo (p less than 0.025). By the most stringent criterion of outcome, 18 (31%) subjects in the active treatment group and eight (14%) in the placebo group had not smoked at all from the start of treatment to follow-up at one year (p less than 0.05). Subjects receiving the active gum experienced less severe withdrawal symptoms and rated their gum as more helpful than did the placebo group. Minor side effects were common but only gastric symptoms were more frequent with the active gum. Subjects receiving active gum used it for longer than those receiving placebo but most stopped using it within six months and only four (7%) developed longer-term dependence. The number of gums used daily correlated significantly with pretreatment blood nicotine concentrations in the active treatment group and with pretreatment cigarette consumption in the placebo group. A lower pretreatment blood nicotine value was the best predictor of success at one year (p less than 0.001) but there was no significant relation to cigarette consumption, sex, and social class. The results clearly confirm the usefulness of nicotine chewing-gum as an aid to stopping smoking and imply a definite role for nicotine in cigarette dependence and withdrawal. Successful use of the gum requires careful attention to subjects' expectations and clear instructions on how to use it. PMID- 6809163 TI - Treatment of vitamin D2 poisoning by induction of hepatic enzymes. PMID- 6809162 TI - Difenacoum (Neosorexa) poisoning. PMID- 6809166 TI - Practising prevention: in old age. PMID- 6809160 TI - Weight and mortality in the Whitehall Study. AB - Ten-year mortality rates in men aged 40-64 years in the Whitehall Study were analysed in relation to weight and height at the initial examination. At ages 40 49 "all-causes" mortality increased with increasing body mass index; but this simple relation disappeared at older ages, where there was an increased mortality in the lowest quintile of body mass index. The "all-ages" relation was "J" shaped, and this could not be explained by the confounding effects of blood pressure, cholesterol values, and cigarette smoking. Some, but not all, of the J shape was due to a high short-term mortality in thin men from cancers (presumably already present at examination). At younger ages mortality from coronary heart disease was positively related to body mass index, but this depended on its association with other risk factors. Mortality from causes other than cancers or coronary heart disease was highest in the lowest quintile of body mass index. PMID- 6809165 TI - Multiple hepatic abscesses complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. PMID- 6809164 TI - Childhood drownings in private swimming pools: an avoidable cause of death. PMID- 6809167 TI - Pathology of partnerships: a resurgent evil. PMID- 6809168 TI - Smoking in the Soviet Union. PMID- 6809169 TI - Lung collapse caused by allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in non-asthmatic patients. PMID- 6809170 TI - Standard intravenous regional analgesia. PMID- 6809171 TI - Diabetic neuropathy--II. PMID- 6809172 TI - Do-it-yourself medicine. PMID- 6809173 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6809174 TI - Multiple general anaesthesia with Althesin. PMID- 6809175 TI - St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada: benefit or liability? PMID- 6809176 TI - Communicable disease associated with milk and dairy products. PMID- 6809177 TI - Rubella screening and immunisation of schoolgirls: results six to seven years after vaccination. PMID- 6809179 TI - Enough is enough. PMID- 6809178 TI - Insulin resistance and hypomagnesaemia. PMID- 6809180 TI - Spotting the malignant melanoma. PMID- 6809182 TI - Auditing the NHS. PMID- 6809181 TI - The child who is slow to talk. PMID- 6809183 TI - Chemoprophylaxis of malaria in Africa: the spent "magic bullet". PMID- 6809185 TI - Should adjuvant chemotherapy be withheld from any patient with operable breast cancer? AB - We examined the clinical course of operable breast cancer and looked at what effect tumour size had on the probability of death from the disease. We analysed data from 1936 patients who were classified as having international stage I and II disease: decision theory was used to show a technique for determining the best strategy for adjuvant chemotherapy in the overall management of breast cancer.To evaluate this approach further, studies need to be designed to yield numerical values for the total morbidity of treatment on a scale from 0 to 100-the concept of utility loss-where 100 represents the maximum utility loss in patients in the early stages of disease. Such studies would contribute more to determining the best overall management of such patients than the current proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to evaluate either different combinations of adjuvant drugs or the effect of known combinations in selected subgroups of patients. PMID- 6809184 TI - Renal and segmental pancreatic grafting with draining of exocrine secretion and initial continuous intravenous cyclosporin A in a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes and renal failure. AB - A patient with renal failure and insulin-dependent diabetes received renal and segmental pancreatic allografts from the same donor, with exocrine drainage of the pancreas being directed into the bowel. An attempt was made to maintain the serum concentrations of cyclosporin A between 300 and 1000 mug/l to avoid serious nephrotoxicity and rejection. Considerable difficulty was experienced in controlling the serum concentrations even with continuous intravenous infusion. When the concentrations were maintained between 300 and 1000 mug/l function in both allografts was satisfactory.At seven months the patient required no insulin and had good renal function. He was not receiving corticosteroids. PMID- 6809186 TI - Low dietary intake of linoleic acid predisposes to myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty-two men who had recently had a myocardial infarction were matched individually for age with controls who had no evidence of heart disease. The patients had a significantly lower proportion of linoleic acid and a higher proportion of palmitic acid in their plasma triglyceride fatty acids. Analysis of the composition of red-cell membrane phosphatidyl choline, which reflects long term dietary fat intake, showed a significantly lower proportion of linoleic acid in the patients.These differences suggest that the type of dietary fat consumed might be an important factor in the genesis of ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6809188 TI - Effectiveness of pain relief in labour: survey of 1000 mothers. AB - The amount of pain that had been experienced by 1000 women during vaginal delivery of a live child was determined by interview within 48 hours of delivery. Patients had been offered a choice of analgesia, and 536 had received epidural analgesia: pain relief was greatest in this group, just over half having had a painless labour. The duration of pain was also reduced by a third in this group even though patients who had received an epidural block had tended to have longer labour and an incidence of assisted delivery of 51% compared with 6% in the remainder. Seventy-two per cent of the patients receiving an epidural had had as much pain as they had expected. A similar proportion (70%) was reported with simpler analgesic methods, suggesting that women may expect a certain amount of pain in labour and request further analgesic treatment when this is exceeded. PMID- 6809187 TI - Long-term antihypertensive treatment inhibiting progression of diabetic nephropathy. AB - Six men aged 26-35 years with proteinuria due to insulindependent juvenile-onset diabetes were treated for moderate hypertension (mean blood pressure 162/103 mm Hg) and studied for a mean of 73 months for the effect on the progression of nephropathy. All patients were of normal weight. During a mean control period of 28 months before treatment the mean glomerular filtration rate (three or four measurements) was 86.1 ml/min and mean 24-hour urinary albumin excretion (also three or four measurements) 3.9 g (range 0.5-8.8 g).During antihypertensive treatment the mean systolic blood pressure fell to 144 mm Hg and mean diastolic pressure to 95 mm Hg. In the control period five patients had shown a mean monthly decline in glomerular filtration rate of 1.23 ml/min; with antihypertensive treatment, however, this decline fell to 0.49 ml/min (2p=0.042). In the remaining patient the glomerular filtration rate was 137 ml/min before treatment and 135 ml/min at the end of the treatment period. In all patients the mean yearly increase in albumin clearance (expressed as a percentage of the glomerular filtration rate) fell from 107% before treatment to 5% during treatment (2p=0.0099).This small study indicates that antihypertensive treatment slows the decline in renal function in diabetic nephropathy. Clinical trials beginning treatment in the incipient phase of diabetic nephropathy will define the optimal modality of treatment in this large patient population. PMID- 6809189 TI - Reversible male subfertility due to hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6809190 TI - Atenolol: side effects in a newborn infant. PMID- 6809192 TI - Accidental administration of ergometrine to newborn infant. PMID- 6809191 TI - Spontaneous gastric rupture complicating acute asthma. PMID- 6809193 TI - Lupus-like syndrome induced by methyldopa. PMID- 6809195 TI - Long-term treatment of bartter's syndrome with captopril. PMID- 6809194 TI - Benoxaprofen and papillary necrosis. PMID- 6809196 TI - Laboratory-acquired shigellosis. PMID- 6809197 TI - Fatal pulmonary fibrosis occurring during treatment with cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6809198 TI - Spotlight on moonshine. PMID- 6809199 TI - Shortlisting trainees: selecting with solicitude in exeter. PMID- 6809200 TI - Radiology. PMID- 6809201 TI - Advantages of independent practice over partnership. PMID- 6809202 TI - Dealing with the suicidally inclined. PMID- 6809203 TI - The hunter school of medicine: plans for a new independent medical school. PMID- 6809204 TI - Dying in hospital: the residents' viewpoint. AB - A survey of residents' (junior house officers') experiences and attitudes to the terminal care part of their work in four Glasgow teaching hospitals showed that even a month after starting work one-fifth of the respondents had not actively managed a dying patient. Sixty-four per cent thought that they had received inadequate teaching in terminal care. Depression and anxiety had been the most difficult symptoms encountered. The residents thought that the ward nursing staff contributed much more than their senior medical colleagues to both the medical and psychological aspects of terminal care. The results indicate a need for more undergraduate education in the most relevant areas, such as coping with the psychological problems of dying patients and their relatives. Newly qualified residents require more support from senior medical staff in looking after the terminally ill. PMID- 6809206 TI - ABC of diabetes: pregnancy. PMID- 6809205 TI - Non-excretory myeloma. PMID- 6809208 TI - Deaths and anaesthesia. PMID- 6809207 TI - Terminology and classification of acute mountain sickness. PMID- 6809209 TI - Standard intravenous regional analgesia. PMID- 6809210 TI - Water intoxication and oxytocin. PMID- 6809211 TI - Wheezing, asthma, and pulmonary dysfunction 10 years after infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infancy. PMID- 6809212 TI - Paraquat ingestion with methaemoglobinaemia treated with methylene blue. PMID- 6809213 TI - Immune guided missiles. PMID- 6809214 TI - Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. PMID- 6809216 TI - Drug interaction with coumarin derivative anticoagulants. PMID- 6809215 TI - Problems with perinatal pathology. PMID- 6809218 TI - Coronary disease. PMID- 6809217 TI - Blood pressure and contraceptive use. PMID- 6809219 TI - Letting intrauterine devices lie. PMID- 6809220 TI - ABC of diabetes. PMID- 6809221 TI - ZX8I epilepsy-a case for lumping. PMID- 6809222 TI - Medical care as a risk-avoidance procedure: underwriting the cost of care in the UK. PMID- 6809224 TI - Efferent projections of the A1 catecholamine cell group in the rat: an autoradiographic study. AB - Efferent connections of the region of the A1 catecholamine cell group were investigated by the anterograde autoradiographic method in rats, some of which had been pretreated with intraventricular injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6 OHDA). Spinal projections were further studied by combining histofluorescence and horseradish peroxidase staining in the same sections. Projections from the A1 region ascend through the lateral hypothalamus to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the medial preoptic area, and several hypothalamic nuclei: the dorsomedial nucleus, the dorsal hypothalamic area, the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei, and the median eminence. These projections are predominantly ipsilateral. Since they are sensitive to 6-OHDA, they presumably arise from catecholamine cells of the A1 group. Other pathways are not noticeably affected by 6-OHDA. These include projections through the reticular formation to the contralateral nucleus ambiguus, the ipsilateral facial nucleus, and the Kolliker Fuse nuclei, the parabrachial nuclei and the periaqueductal gray on both sides, as well as the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus. These pathways probably do not arise from the A1 group, although a minor noradrenergic component cannot be ruled out. Spinal projections extend to the intermediolateral cell column and the ventral horn, and especially to the phrenic motor nucleus. However, these projections arise almost exclusively from non-catecholamine cells. Only a small minority of the fluorescent A1 cells are retrogradely labeled after injections of HRP into the upper thoracic spinal cord. They lie at the level of the pyramidal decussation. Likewise only a few fluorescent cells of the A2 group are labeled. Although the A1 and A2 groups were long thought to be principal sources of spinal norepinephrine, a review of the literature shows that this belief was based on equivocal evidence. PMID- 6809223 TI - Potential anticonvulsive properties of endogenous prostaglandins formed in mouse brain. AB - The levels of 5 different prostanoids (PGD2, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, TXB2 and 6-keto PGF1 alpha) formed in whole mouse brain in vivo were measured by specific radioimmunoassays. Basal concentrations were found to be very low (few ng/g wet weight). A marKed increase occurred during convulsions induced by either pentylenetetrazole or by electroconvulsive shock. Under both conditions the major cyclooxygenase product detected was PGD2, followed by PGF2 alpha and lower concentrations of the other prostanoids. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs flurbiprofen, indomethacin, and diclofenac dose-dependently inhibited the pentylenetetrazole-induced formation of prostaglandins. Concomitantly these 3 compounds dose-dependently increased the acute toxicity of pentylenetetrazole (decrease in LD50). Conversely, if levels of cerebral prostaglandins were enhanced by a preceding electroshock, the toxicity of pentylenetetrazole was significantly reduced (increase in LD50), and the time of onset of clonic seizures was markedly prolonged. Both the effect on the latency time and the LD50 could be reversed if the cerebral prostaglandin synthesis was prevented by indomethacin, or if the time interval between the electroshock and pentylenetetrazole administration was extended, so that the electroshock stimulated prostaglandin concentrations had declined to basal levels again. These findings indicate that endogenous prostanoids formed in mouse brain during convulsions might possess anticonvulsive properties. PMID- 6809225 TI - Preservation of cerebral autoregulation in the unanesthetized hypoxemic newborn dog. AB - Studies were conducted to determine the effects of hypoxemia on cerebral blood flow and the influence of hyperoxia and hypoxemia on autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the unanesthetized newborn dog. Twenty-one newborn dogs less than 2 weeks of age were studied. Cerebral blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres during successive periods of normotension, hypotension (produced by blood withdrawal) and normotension (produced by infusion of previously withdrawn blood). In the hyperoxic animals, arterial pO2 was maintained above 250 torr by having the animal breathe 100% oxygen, while in the hypoxemic animals arterial pO2 was maintained between 30 and 35 torr by having the animal breathe 12% O2. Cerebral blood flow increased significantly with hypoxemia. In both hypoxemic and hyperoxic animals cerebral blood flow was maintained constant in spite of a large fall in arterial blood pressure and cardiac output, demonstrating the presence of autoregulation. Calculated oxygen transport to the brain was constant during hypoxemia and hypotension in all animals. Thus autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is present in newborn animals and is preserved under conditions of moderate hypoxemia. PMID- 6809226 TI - Behavioural and neurochemical effects of intracerebroventricular administrations of p-octopamine in rats. AB - Intracerebroventricular administration of p-octopamine (250 micrograms) had opposite effects on locomotor activity of rats depending on whether or not the animals were submitted to electric shocks in the experimental situation. When rats were not shocked, their locomotor activity was significantly decreased by the injection. On the other hand, when rats were trained in a shuttle-box, administration of p-octopamine significantly increased avoidance responding and intertrial crossings. The neurochemical effects of the injections were relatively specific: they significantly increased p-octopamine levels in hypothalamus and brainstem but little effect was observed on noradrenaline and dopamine brain contents. These data suggest that octopamine may play the role of a neuromodulator in the central nervous system of mammals. PMID- 6809227 TI - TRH concentration in rat olfactory bulb is undiminished by deafferentation. AB - The effect of deafferentation of the rat olfactory bulb on bulbar TRH concentration was studied. TRH concentrations in the lesioned bulbs did not decline when compared to concentrations in sham-lesioned bulbs for the post lesion intervals of 1 h through 14 days. Since TRH concentrations did not decline following deafferentation, TRH in the olfactory bulb does not derive from centrifugal neurons. PMID- 6809228 TI - Adaptation of retinal dopamine neuron activity in light-adapted rats to darkness. AB - The activity of the retinal dopamine neurons was studied in light-adapted rats exposed to darkness for periods ranging from 10 min to 15 h. Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) accumulation, following inhibition of L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase with NSD-1015, was used as an index of dopamine neuronal activity. After only 10 min of darkness, DOPA accumulation had decreased to levels found in rats dark-adapted for 15 h. PMID- 6809230 TI - Hypercarbia and acidosis associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibition: a hazard of topical mafenide acetate use in renal failure. PMID- 6809229 TI - Dissociation of enhanced ornithine decarboxylase activity and optic nerve regeneration in goldfish. AB - The significance of a previously observed increase in retinal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, EC 4.1.1.17) following optic nerve crush was investigated in goldfish using a specific irreversible inhibitor of ODC, alpha difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Retinal ODC activity and putrescine levels were reduced 80% and 40%, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection(s) of DFMO. In fish in which the right optic nerve was crushed and DFMO was injected at the time of crush, at 2 days and at 4 days later, retinal ODC levels were maximally decreased after the third injection and returned to normal levels by 14 days post crush (PC). Retinal tubulin synthesis was examined at 10 days PC. No difference in the post-crush/normal ratio of tubulin synthesis was observed between saline injected and DFMO-injected groups. Neuritic extension was also examined in retinal explant cultures from 11-day PC retina. The neuritic growth index of DFMO treated retinas did not differ from that of control retinas. Behavioral studies revealed no difference in the rate of recovery of vision between the two groups. Similar results were obtained in experiments using fish maintained in a 0.1% DFMO solution. These results suggest that the increase in retinal ODC associated with nerve crush does not play a causal role in restoration of function. PMID- 6809232 TI - Heterotopic periarticular ossification in burns. AB - The pathogenesis of this rather rare complication of burn injury is discussed. Injury and bleeding as a result of enthusiastic physiotherapy are usually incriminated as the major cause of such bone formation. More recent work is quoted which suggests that increased nutritional support regimes, particularly in respect of protein, cause a calciuretic response in burn patients. This iatrogenic mobilization of calcium, together with the increased levels of calcium due to injury and bed rest, may precipitate this complication. The periarticular location usually seen in burns, as compared with the heterotopic sites in muscle following other forms of injury, is noted. Although spontaneous resolution can sometimes occur, an active approach, with surgical excision being early rather than deferred, is advocated. PMID- 6809231 TI - Investigation of hospital infection from a damaged mattress and the demonstration of its mechanism. PMID- 6809233 TI - [Characterization of a new nuclear antigen using a human serum containing antinuclear antibodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809234 TI - [Prevention and therapy of L1210 leukemia in mice, using inactivated and grafted tumor cells, in association with the immunomodulator P40, and Antineoplastic Agents (author's transl)]. AB - The effect on L1210 in Mice of an immunostimulation with P40 fraction isolated from C. granulosum and inactivated L1210 cells coupled with tetanus toxoid, in combination or not with chemotherapy with either daunorubicin or mitomycin, has been looked for using various modalities. Cells partly inactivated by action of the drugs in vitro have also been used for grafting the Mice. The strongest inhibition of tumour growth was observed when the following treatment sequence was applied: Immunostimulation, tumor grafting, chemotherapy, immunostimulation. The significance of the reported results for the treatment of Human neoplasia is discussed. PMID- 6809235 TI - [Modification of the graft versus host response (G.V.H.R.) in maternal lymphoid cells during allogenic gestation evolution (author's transl)]. AB - This study evaluates the maternal immunological response at different stages of gestation in the mouse. This response has been measured by the local G.V.H.R. of lymphocytes from uterine draining lymph nodes and spleens. The results reported here show that the maternal immunological reaction-against paternal antigens carried by the foetus-is lower at the beginning of gestation (on days 6-7) and increases significantly during the last period between 14 and 18 days. In contrast, the temporal G.V.H.R. response of maternal splenocytes is inverted, with lower values from day 14 to day 18. PMID- 6809236 TI - [Antisecretory and antiulcer activities of N-methyl-2-(2-pyridyl)-2,3,4,5, tetrahydro-2-thiophene-carbothioamide (R.P. .40, 749) (author's transl)]. AB - The antisecretory and antiulcerogenic effects of R.P. 40,749 were estimated in Shay Rats; for comparison, the cimetidine effects were simultaneously studied. Results demonstrated that R.P. 40,749 had potent antisecretory and antiulcerogenic effects which were, at least, 10 times more pronounced than those of cimetidine. The mechanism of action of R.P. 40,749 has not yet been determined but it seems that an anticholinergic or an H2 receptor antagonist effect should be excluded. PMID- 6809237 TI - [Immunocytochemical study of the ontogenesis of the CRF-containing neuroglandular system in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - In the Rat, immunoreactive CRF-containing processes appear in the median eminence between the 18 and the 19th day of the fetal development. They seem to become functional as early as the 19th day since they establish neuro-hemal junctions with the capillaries of the Mantel Plexus. During the pre- and post-natal periods, the number of these fibers increases greatly in the median eminence where they extend in all parts of the zona externa, and in the pituitary stalk. At birth they display a biphasic evolution made up of a disappearance of the corticoliberin immunoreactivity followed by an accumulation accompanied by the appearance of a few immunoreactive perikarya in the paraventricular nucleus. PMID- 6809239 TI - [Thin osseous cross-sections by computed tomography: example of the distal end of the humerus in modern man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809238 TI - [Secretory, ionic and metabolic response of pancreatic islets to D- mannose anomers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809240 TI - [Distal humeral end in pan and pongo: first results from a tomographic approach (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809241 TI - [Immunohistochemical localization of the associated proteins of high molecular weight (HMWP 350 K, 300 K) in the nervous system of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - High molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins (HMWP) were localized by immunoperoxidase PAP method in Rat nervous system. With tissue sections obtained after alcohol-acid fixation and embedding in paraffin we have observed that: (1) at low antibody concentrations (5 to 10 micrograms/ml) the staining was specific for the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS); (2) the staining was found in the neurons of the cerebrospinal axis, of the eye, of the paravertebral chains of the sympathetic system, of the plexuses juxta and intra visceral and also in the cells of the adrenal medulla; (3) the dendrites and the pericaryon are the most stained elements of the CNS and PNS respectively; (4) the HMWP are colocalized with tubulin but the reverse is not the case. PMID- 6809242 TI - [In vitro organotypic development of the vestibular sensory epithelium of the embryonic mouse otocyst. A morphological and autoradiographic study (author's transl)]. AB - The cytogenesis of the two cell populations of the vestibular sensory epithelium hair cells and supporting cells-was investigated in explanted Mouse embryo otocysts using tritiated thymidine autoradiography. The otocysts were explanted on the 13th day of gestation and grown in vitro for 7 days. A close in vitro and in vivo correspondence was found in the cytodifferentiation of the sensory epithelium. At different times after explanation, a single administration of tritiated thymidine was added to the otocysts. The time schedule of the hair cell generation in the explants was essentially different from that observed during normal development. In contrast, the time schedule of the supporting cell generation was only mildly altered. The data suggest that the generative processes of the two cell populations are influenced differently, depending on their later specific differentiation. PMID- 6809243 TI - [Role of pregnancy and related conditions on experimental arthritis of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Pregnancy in Rat induces, as in humans suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, a striking improvement of adjuvant arthritis. This improvement is not associated with an enhancement of corticosteronemia; it does not appear either in pseudo pregnancy, or in experimental deciduoma. It could rather be related to an immune mechanism; an enhancement of T suppressor lymphocytes associated to a decrease of T helper lymphocyte activity in peripheral blood as suggested by a high response to ConA and low response PHA and PWM during arthritis plus pregnancy. The influence of hormonal factors on recirculation and/or activity of peripheral lymphocytes is not excluded. PMID- 6809244 TI - [New factors in human placenta: separation and purification (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809245 TI - [Influence of visual telencephalon (wulst) on directional selective neurons of pigeon's optic tectum (author's transl)]. AB - The influence of the visual telencephalic projection area (Wulst) upon directional selective cells in the Pigeon's optic tectum was studied through reversible cold block of this telencephalic region. About half of the cells studied were affected during Wulst cooling. The effect was either a total loss or a marked reduction of the cell directional selectivity. These results indicate that the Wulst plays an important role in controlling the directional selectivity in the Pigeon's optic tectum. PMID- 6809246 TI - [Proprioceptive afferents of the transcortical reflex in motor epilepsy:localisation of their thalamic relay in the cat (author's transl)]. AB - In the Cat with a penicillin motor focus, a transcortical reflex (RTC) can be triggered by stimulation of the muscle or the cutaneous branch of the radial nerve (DR - SR). We tried here to identify at a suprabulbar level, the proprioceptive pathway involved in triggering RTC. Cerebellar ablation did not modify the reflex. On the other hand reversibly inactivation of a rostral-dorso medial part of VPL (VPLr) receiving short latency proprioceptive afferents, reversibly abolished the TRC elicited through DR stimulation, while SR stimulation was still effective. It is thus assumed that muscle and cutaneous afferents responsible for eliciting the RTC run in parallel pathways with distinct relay zones within the VPL nucleus.U PMID- 6809247 TI - [Facilitation of memory consolidation induced by electrical stimulation of the medial septal nucleus in BALB/c mice (author's transl)]. AB - Sinusoidal (100Hz) electrical stimulation was applied at a weak intensity (7.5microA peak to peak) to the medial septal nucleus after partial acquisition of an appetitive operant conditioning task in a Skinner box. Analysis of performance recorded 24 hrs later during a retention session shows that (i) implantation alone impaired performance; (ii) electrical stimulation applied 30 sec. after the end of the acquisition session improves retention; this facilitatory effect disappears when the treatment is delayed 15 min. Furthermore spectral analysis of hippocampal EEG showed that there was no significant modification of theta rhythms. These results are discussed in relation to studies in the literature which demonstrate that RSA (rhythmical slow activity) is associated with memory-storage processes and our own hypothesis which underlines the importance of activation of septo-hippocampal cholinergic neurons in the early stages of these mnemonic processes.U PMID- 6809248 TI - [Preliminary results of phonatory echotomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809249 TI - [Induced preovulatory discharge of LH during the seasonal anoestrus of the goat (author's transl)]. AB - Preovulatory LH surges were induced and synchronized in 12 Alpine goats during the anoestrus season using a progestagen-PMSG treatment. Onsets of oestrus, plasma LH levels and numbers of ovulations were recorded. During the preovulatory surge, frequencies of blood sampling were such (1 per hour in 8 goats and 1 each 4 min. in 4 other goats) as to allow for the first time a precise description of this biological event in the goat. Results may be summarized as follows: (1) Plasma LH levels were low (less than 1 ng/ml) and constant during the hours preceding the surge, (2) the onset of LH surge preceded by 2 hrs, on the average, that of oestrus behaviour, (3) preovulatory surges presented a definite pulsatility when maximum levels were reached, (4) no positive relationship was found between the magnitude of the surge and the corresponding number of ovulation, (5) in two animals, the LH surge was definitely biphasic, each peak presenting serveral pulses of secretion. PMID- 6809250 TI - [Immunocytochemical study of serotoninergic supraependymal fibres in the rat. A Golgi-like study (author's transl)]. AB - The supraependymal serotoninergic axons are identified in the Rat by immunocytochemistry. A dense plexus of fibres presenting various calibers is visualized over all the ventricular walls when tangential sections are used. By place, in the lateral ventricles, fibres emerging from an ependymal hollowing are often clustered in small groups. As soon as they penetrate the ventricles, they ramify profusely in various branches. PMID- 6809251 TI - [Effect of picomolar intracerebroventricular administration of calcitonin on intestinal motility in the rat (author's transl)]. AB - Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of Calcitonin was performed in fed Rats, fitted with chronically implanted electrodes to record the electrical activity of the duodeno-jejunum. At 0.02 u/ICV Calcitonin restored in less than 5 min. the fasted pattern i.e. the migrating myoelectric complex which was previously disrupted by the meal. This effect observed at the lowest dose used (0.083 pmole) required 100 times higher doses by systemic injection and was antagonized by a previous ICV administration of calcium gluconate. It was concluded that Calcitonin is able to suppress the effects of digestive factors responsible for the disruption of the MMC pattern after a meal, this action being related to the ventricular calcium level. PMID- 6809252 TI - Managing colostomies. PMID- 6809253 TI - Pancreatic cancer. AB - As a result of increased funding in the past few years, carcinoma of the pancreas has received increased investigative attention. A substantial body of epidemiologic data has been recorded, which may ultimately provide leads that identify an "at risk" population. Current diagnostic techniques enable clinicians to diagnose pancreatic lesions of relatively small size. Combined with further developments in the tumor marker field, it should be feasible to screen the at risk population for early disease. Until then, only the early pancreatic lesion permits the slightest hope of cure. PMID- 6809254 TI - [A comprehensive investigation on 100 longevous urban inhabitants of Changsha (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809255 TI - [Preliminary observations on the concentration of trace elements in the hair of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809256 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction in the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809257 TI - [Serum lipid and lipoprotein changes in patients of cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809258 TI - [Clinical observation on microcirculation around the nail folds (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809259 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for plasma aldosterone and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809260 TI - [The value of praziquantel in treating schistosomiasis complicated by cardiac diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809261 TI - [Transoral approach to the ventral surface of the brain stem for the removal of a clivus chordoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809263 TI - [Congenital achromatopsia (report of a case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809262 TI - [Analysis of therapeutic effects in cases of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809264 TI - [Tuberous sclerosis (report of a case) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809266 TI - [Application of pseudo-colour encoding of black-and-white photographs in tomogram of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809265 TI - [Current theories of biological aging in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809267 TI - [CT diagnosis in hypertensive intracerebral hematoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809268 TI - [Diagnostic significance of transbronchial lung biopsy via fiberoptic bronchoscope with X-ray TV guidance for peripheral lung cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809269 TI - [A comprehensive survey on the etiological factors of stomach cancer in China (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809270 TI - [A preliminary study on the determination of serum CIC in renal diseases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809271 TI - [An analysis of loop in the vectorcardiograms of 200 normal adults (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809272 TI - [The use of internal protein of equine influenza virus in fluorescence antibody test for rapid diagnosis of influenza (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809274 TI - [Prevention and treatment of hypokalemia during and after intracardiac surgery under extracorporeal circulation. I. Determination of urinary potassium and study on the optimal dosage for potassium replacement (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809273 TI - [Pituitary mixed TSH-PRL adenoma secondary to hypothyroidism (a case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809275 TI - [Tracheal injuries caused by cuffed tracheostomy tubes (with a report of 21 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809276 TI - [Hydroxypiperaquine phosphate in the treatment of falciparum malaria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809277 TI - [Subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis--report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809278 TI - [HLA antigen in vulgar and arthritic psoriasis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809280 TI - William Frederic Neuman, 1919-1981. PMID- 6809279 TI - [The designing of scientific investigations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809281 TI - Nonosteomalacic osteopathy associated with chronic hypophosphatemia. AB - We studied bone histomorphometry in 19 patients with chronic hypophosphatemia related to an idiopathic renal phosphate wasting and without histological osteomalacia. Nine patients had renal lithiasis (group 1), three had radiological osteoporosis (group 2), and seven had lumbar pain (group 3). In the whole group of 19 patients, serum phosphate levels were low (24.9 +/- 2.1 mg/l), calcium in blood was normal, calcium in urine was increased, and iPTH was low. Histomorphometric data showed decreased osteoblastic surfaces with normal resorption surfaces, normal osteoid volume and calcification front. There was no correlation between serum phosphate level and histomorphometric parameters. There was no statistical difference between the data of the 3 groups of hypophosphatemic patients. We concluded that chronic hypophosphatemia in the adult doses not always lead to osteomalacia but to an unusual osteopathy characterized by an osteopenia due to an isolated decrease in bone formation. The respective importance of phosphate deficiency and of decreased iPTH level in the pathogenesis of this osteopathy is uncertain. PMID- 6809282 TI - Focal mineralization defect during disodium etidronate treatment of calcinosis. AB - The use of disodium etidronate (EHDP) for the treatment of calcinosis is complicated by the threat of drug-induced inhibition of skeletal mineralization. Adults with Paget's disease of bone treated for 6 months with 10-20 mg/kg/day of EHDP have been reported to show both a marked delay in mineralization and a diffuse excess of unmineralized bone matrix. Drug-induced bone disease is, however, a function of growth as well as of the dose and duration of therapy. Therefore, children treated with EHDP may respond differently to the drug-induced mineralization defect. A 10-year-old girl with dermatomyositis developed incapacitating ectopic calcification. After 9 months of therapy with 12 mg/kg/Day of EHDP, a small decrease in the calcinosis was accompanied by a dramatic increase in joint mobility. Bone mineral content of the radial diaphysis showed a failure to gain mineral density as expected with prepubertal growth (8 cm/year). Bone biopsy revealed a patchy excess of osteoid. Although the percentage of osteoid surface labeled by tetracycline was reduced, normal mineralization was evident in the double-labeled areas. In children, the mineralization defect occurring with EHDP treatment may be focal. PMID- 6809283 TI - Plasma proteins in human cortical bone: enrichment of alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein, alpha 1 acid-glycoprotein, and IgE. AB - Human cortical bones were extracted with EDTA, and the residue after EDTA extraction was digested with bacterial collagenase. Ten plasma proteins were identified and quantitated in the EDTA extracts. Three of them--IgE, IgD, and alpha 1acid-glycoprotein--had not previously been described in bone or dentine. Five plasma proteins identified in collagenase digests are albumin, IgG, IgA, IgE, and alpha 1acid-glycoprotein. IgE, alpha 1acid-glycoprotein, and alpha 2HS glycoprotein were found to be concentrated in the bone more than other plasma proteins by factors between 11 and 525. The identification of plasma proteins was facilitated by the addition of polyethylene glycol in agarose gel. The presence of plasma proteins both in EDTA extracts and in collagenase digests suggests their structural role in bone. PMID- 6809284 TI - A quantitative histomorphometric comparison of 40 micron thick Paragon sections with 5 micron thick Goldner sections in the study of undecalcified bone. AB - The value of quantitative histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified stained sections of bone is widely recognized. Five micron thick sections have been regarded as essential to carry out this analysis, but their production requires expensive equipment. Our laboratory was equipped initially only for the production of Paragon-stained 40 micron thick sections. These thicker sections have been used traditionally to guide the planimetric analysis of microradiographs. However, we found that they could be used for the simpler eyepiece graticule histomorphometric analysis in the same way that 5 micron sections have been examined. Sequential sections from iliac bone biopsy of 12 different patients with renal osteodystrophy were examined using each method. For 7 histologic features, the analysis of the thick sections compared very well with that of the Goldner-stained thin sections. The correlation coefficients varied from 0.88 for osteoid volume to 0.99 for osteoid surface. Other features compared included active and inactive osteoclastic surface activity. Further evidence of the usefulness of these thicker sections come from three other analyses. The expected close coupling of osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity was demonstrated (N = 56, r = 0.87, P less than 0.001). For 19 additional patients, two forms of histologic evidence of the degree of hyperparathyroidism correlated very well with the measured immunoreactive PTH (r = 0.93 and 0.93). Finally, normal values obtained with our method compare favorably with published normal values. PMID- 6809285 TI - Role of vitamin D in maternal skeletal changes during pregnancy and lactation: a histomorphometric study. AB - The effect of vitamin D on bone changes during the reproductive cycle in female rats has been investigated. One group of female rats was maintained on a vitamin D-deficient diet and another group of a vitamin D-replete diet from weaning. Both groups were mated with normal males and changes in their bones were determined histomorphometrically during pregnancy, lactation, and after weaning. All vitamin D-deficient rats had bone changes typical of rickets. Pregnancy caused significant reductions in mineralized tissue of trabecular and cortical bone in the vitamin D-deficient rats. Lactation caused further significant reductions in mineralized tissues of cortical and trabecular bone in both the vitamin D deficient and vitamin D-replete animals, with the greatest changes seen at weaning. Some restoration of mineralized tissues occurred following weaning. There was an increase in tetracycline-labeled bone surface in the vitamin D replete animals during lactation, likely due to an increase in bone formation rates. In the vitamin D-deficient animals during lactation, there was a decrease in tetracycline-labeled bone surface, likely due to severely depressed bone mineralization. These results indicate that the mobilization of calcium from bone to maintain pregnancy and lactation occurs by a mechanism independent of vitamin D. PMID- 6809286 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteopenia induced by prednisolone in adult rats. AB - Adult male rats were fed a diet containing 0.15% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, an either 100, 50, or 20 mg of prednisolone per kg of diet. All these levels of prednisolone led to osteopenia, decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, slightly lower serum calcium and phosphorus, and a decreased level of serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exogenous parenteral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrected steroid-induced changes in serum calcium and phosphorus, but could not completely correct the low intestinal calcium transport; nor did it prevent the development of osteopenia. The prednisolone-induced osteopenia seems at least in part to be caused by impaired intestinal calcium transport. The impaired calcium transport may be the result of low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a direct effect of presnisolone on the intestine. PMID- 6809287 TI - Elevated concentrations of synthetic fluorinated glucocorticoid analogs transiently increase in the intracellular exchangeable calcium in cultured bone cells. PMID- 6809288 TI - Use of osmotic minipumps for delivery of parathyroid hormone. AB - To determine if osmotic minipumps can be used for the local delivery of parathyroid hormone (PTH), we examined the bone resorbing activity of PTH in minipumps, either removed and assayed in bone organ cultures or released over rat calvaria. Biological activity of PTH was maintained for up to 6 days when the hormone solution contained serum and the minipumps and tubing were siliconized and flushed with diluent prior to use. Addition of cysteine did not enhance activity. PMID- 6809289 TI - Ultrastructural localization and gradient of activity of alkaline phosphatase activity during rodent odontogenesis. AB - The ultrastructural localization and gradient of activity of alkaline phosphatase were studied with respect to cell differentiation, matrix synthesis, and matrix mineralization in the incisor and molar teeth of 4-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were perfused intracardially at room temperature with 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4) with 3-4% sucrose. The jaws were dissected, immersion-fixed for 24 h, and the incisor and molar tooth germs removed. These were determined in 10% EDTA in NaOH (pH 7.4) with 7% sucrose. After reactivation of the enzyme with 0.1M MgCl in Tris-maleate buffer (pH 7.4) at 4 degrees C, the medium consisting of 6 ml 3% sodium beta-glycerophosphate, 4 ml 0.2M Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.2), 3 ml 1.6% MgSO4, 12 ml 0.5% lead citrate (pH congruent to 12), and 2.1 g sucrose. The pH was adjusted to 9.2 with 0.2M HCl, the volume made up to 30 ml, and the solution centrifuged for 10 min at 5000 rpm. Control teeth were incubated in medium minus the substrate. Finally, the specimens were routinely post-fixed and embedded for sectioning and examination with a Philips 300 electron microscopy. A gradient of alkaline phosphatase activity was mapped along the developing teeth in the cells of the stratum intermedium, the proximal borders of the ameloblasts, the early dentine matrix, the predentine-dentine border, matrix vesicles, and the plasma membranes of odontoblasts and subodontoblast cells. The gradient of alkaline phosphatase activity was evident in the forming tooth from the cervical loop to the crown apex and was related to the cellular events, matrix synthesis, and matrix mineralization occurring during odontogenesis. PMID- 6809290 TI - In vitro effects of aluminum on bone phosphatases: a possible interaction with bPTH and vitamin D3 metabolites. PMID- 6809291 TI - Bone acid phosphatase: tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a marker of osteoclast function. AB - Organ cultures of newborn mouse calvaria were used to test the hypothesis that tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase might serve as a biochemical marker for osteoclast function. When bone resorption was stimulated in vitro with either parathyroid hormone or 1,25(OH)2D3, there was a significant increase in both tartrate-resistant and tartrate-sensitivity acid phosphatase activity in the medium relative to cultured controls. Tartrate-resistant activity was localized histochemically primarily over the osteoclast and appeared as three distinct activity bands when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels. The tartrate sensitive activity was found primarily associated with bone cells other than the osteoclast using histochemical techniques, and was resolved into five bands on polyacrylamide gels. The results obtained from biochemical assays, histochemical observations, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest that bone resorption in vitro results in the release of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase from osteoclasts and tartrate-sensitive acid phosphatase from other bone cells as well as osteoclasts. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases of bone may be suitable biochemical probes for osteoclasts function, but it will be necessary to achieve further purification in order to develop analytical methods with sufficient sensitivity and specificity (e.g., immunochemical) to ensure precise localization and quantitation. PMID- 6809293 TI - Tensile properties of antler bone. AB - The tensile deformation characteristics of compact bone from deer antler were measured in both the "dry" and "wet" states and compared with published values for bovine compact bone. The tensile strength in the wet state (108 +/- 5.1 MN/m2) was comparable to the value for bovine compact bone tested at the same strain rate. The modulus values was very low: 7.5 +/- 0.9 GN/m2. The work to fracture was comparatively high, about 3 times that for bovine compact bone. Fractographic examination revealed fibrillar and osteonal shear for samples fractured in the dry state. In the samples tested in the wet state, some regions exhibited pullout of lamellar segments from within a Haversian system. The results are explained in terms of the higher collagen content and lesser degree of mineralization in the antler. PMID- 6809292 TI - Formation of bone by isolated, cultured osteoblasts in millipore diffusion chambers. AB - Osteoblast-like and osteoclast-like cells freed from neonatal calvaria by sequential enzymatic digestion after 6-7 days in culture were placed in diffusion chambers and implanted in the peritoneal cavities of CD-1 mice. About half of the chambers also contained a dead calvarium to test for the need of an "inducer." After 20 days, 11 of 18 chambers containing to osteoblast-like cells formed large foci of mineralized bone that corresponded to alkaline phosphatase activity throughout the chambers. Moreover, only type I (i.e., bone) collagen was formed. Occasional deposits of bone were found in only 3 of 22 chambers containing the osteoclast-like cells. The presence of dead bone did not affect any of the results. These data confirm the osteoblast-like nature of the isolated cell populations and demonstrate that these cells retain their differentiated function in culture. PMID- 6809294 TI - Comparative molecular distribution of cross-link in bone and dentin collagen. Structure-function relationships. AB - Bone and dentin contain exclusively genetic Type I collagen. These collagens have identical amino acid sequences, cross-link precursors and cross-links yet serve different physiological functions. Complete tryptic digests of the intractable [3H]NaBH4-reduced demineralization collagen from bovine cortical bone and dentin have successfully been obtained. Chromatography of the tryptic peptides on Sephadex G-50 allowed separation of cross-link peptide fractions containing dihydroxylysinonorleucine. Chromatography of peptides of the same molecular weight distribution from each sample, which should contain identical peptides, yielded different chromatographic patterns on phosphocellulose. The phosphocellulose fractions containing the most abundant amounts of dihydroxylysinonorleucine were rechromatographed on DEAE-cellulose and yielded dissimilar profiles. It was concluded that the cross-link, dihydroxylysinonorleucine, has a different molecular distribution in bone and dentin collagen. The results demonstrate that the collagen derived from two different mineralized tissues, possess different micromolecular structures. These structural differences may be related to diverse physiological functions. PMID- 6809295 TI - Role of osteoblasts in hormonal control of bone resorption - a hypothesis. PMID- 6809297 TI - Resistance to gas flow in the "new" anaesthesia circuits: a comparative study. AB - The resistance to gas flow is measured in the Jackson-Rees modification of the Ayre's T-piece, the "Bain" circuit, and the circle circuit using the conventionally employed rubber tubing, or either of two coaxial circle tubing systems. The Ayre's T-piece has the lowest resistance to gas flow, followed by the circle circuit with conventional rubber tubing, then the "Bain" circuit and the coaxial circle circuits. When the resistance to gas flow in the inspiratory limb is measured with a tracheal tube attached to each circuit the resistances increase in magnitude, but the differences among the circuits become less significant. PMID- 6809296 TI - Inhibition of the cardiovascular effects of lysine acetylsalicylate by propranolol in dogs during halothane anaesthesia. AB - The cardiovascular effects of lysine acetylsalicylate and/or propranolol were studied in 26 dogs. All animals were maintained under anaesthesia with halothane 0.75 per cent, supplemented by the intravenous administration of succinylcholine to allow controlled ventilation during a two hour period of monitoring. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, pH, Paco2, pao2 and base deficit were measured in each dog. Lysine acetylsalicylate 50 mg . kg-1, administered alone as a single bolus, significantly (P less than 0.05) increased the cardiac output and stroke volume and significantly decreased the heart rate, central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance in dogs under halothane anaesthesia. Propranolol hydrochloride 0.5 mg . kg-1 as a single intravenous bolus was followed by a significant decrease in cardiac output, heart rate and mean arterial pressure and a significant increase in central venous pressure and total peripheral resistance. The administration of propranolol prior to lysine acetylsalicylate resulted in a significant decrease in cardiac output and heart rate. Pretreatment with propranolol was effective in inhibiting the positive inotropic effect of lysine acetylsalicylate. PMID- 6809298 TI - Tests of thyroid function important to the ophthalmologist. AB - The most useful tests to establish a diagnosis of endocrine exophthalmos are the following: To prove that thyroid gland activity is increased: serum T3 and T4 assays. To demonstrate immunologic abnormalities: thyroid antibody testing and the TDA test. To demonstrate an abnormal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: the TRH test. To demonstrate enlarged ocular muscles: orbital ultrasonography and computerized tomography. PMID- 6809299 TI - Sugar transport regulation in avian red blood cells: role of Ca2+ in the stimulatory effects of anoxia, adrenaline, and ascorbic acid. AB - Membrane transport of sugar and Ca2+ was studied in pigeon erythrocytes by measuring the cell to medium distribution of 3-O-[14C]methyl-D-glucose and 45Ca. We have found that stimulation of sugar transport by anoxia, adrenaline, or ascorbic acid was not dependent on external Ca2+, nor was it additive to the stimulatory effect of the calcium ionophore A23187. Stimulation by ascorbic acid was dependent on concentration and time. The slow basal 45Ca efflux was greatly accelerated by A23187, and this was further increased by adrenaline. A metabolic substrate mixture consisting of adenine, inosine, and fumarate (AIF) did not alter 45Ca efflux, except for antagonizing the effect of adrenaline in the presence of A23187. Sugar transport, whether basal or stimulated by adrenaline or ascorbic acid, was significantly decreased by AIF, independently of external Ca2+. Stimulation by A23187 in the absence of external Ca2+ was also antagonized by AIF. In cells depleted of Ca2+ by treatment with A23187 and EGTA, transport stimulation by adrenaline was abolished. These results suggest that release of Ca2+ from intracellular storage into the cytoplasm plays a role in the stimulation of sugar transport by adrenaline and anoxia and also by A23187 in the absence of external Ca2+. The data provide further indirect support for a calcium dependent mechanism of sugar transport regulation in nucleated erythrocytes. PMID- 6809300 TI - Evidence for mobilization of intracellular calcium during the contractile response of the rat aorta to U44069. AB - The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism by which U44069, a stable PGH2 analogue, contracts the rat aorta. The results obtained demonstrate that while the contractile effect of potassium chloride is obliterated by removal of extracellular calcium, a substantial proportion of the contractile effect of U44069 persists under these conditions. The persistent effect of U44069 under calcium-free conditions was not diminished by nifedipine (a slow calcium channel blocker) but was blocked by 2-n-butyl-3 dimethylamino-5,6-methylenedioxyindene (an intracellular calcium antagonist). These results provide experimental evidence for the proposal that U44069 contracts the aorta in the absence of extracellular calcium by mobilizing intracellular calcium. PMID- 6809302 TI - Purification of Pasteurella multocida antigens by ultracentrifugation and isoelectrofocusing. AB - A procedure was developed to purify Pasteurella multocida X-731 antigens extracted by potassium thiocyanate. The crude extract was centrifuged at 105 000 x g; the antigens were then separated into a particulate (40p) fraction and a soluble (40s) fraction consisting of proteins and polysaccharides. These fractions were antigenically different. The ultracentrifuged antigens were resolved further by preparative isoelectrofocusing. The 40p antigens focused in a pH range of 3.0 to 6.0; distinctive proteins focused at pH's of 3.5, 3.6, and 3.8. The electrofocused 40p antigens were antigenically similar. The 40s antigens were initially electrofocused in a broad pH range and were found within a pH range of 4.6 to 9.0. The process was repeated with a narrower pH range and antigens that were focused in a narrower pH range could be separated and unique antigenic activities identified. Specific antigens from defined pH ranges were pooled and examined further by immunoelectrophoresis, analytical electrofocusing, and sodium dodecyl sulphate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6809301 TI - Immunological techniques to identify Azospirillum associated with wetland rice. AB - Azospirilla associated with wetland rice were isolated and characterized by employing immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence techniques. Antisera against two strains belonging to Azospirillum lipoferum produced at least one heat-labile precipitation band with most isolates of A. lipoferum and A. brasilense. Antisera against two strains belonging to A. lipoferum and one strain belonging to A. brasilense produced one band only with strains of their respective species. Fluorescent antibody reactions with Azospirillum were species specific. Specificity of these antisera and fluorescent antibodies was further demonstrated with bacteria other than Azospirillum. PMID- 6809303 TI - Pilot study of threonine supplementation in human spasticity. AB - Threonine supplementation (500 mg/day) was given to 6 patients with genetic spasticity syndromes for a period of 12 months, followed by a 4-month observation period without medication. All 6 patients showed partial improvement of spasticity, intensity of knee jerks and muscle spasms without changes in true pyramidal tract signs. The improvement in motor performance, objectively measured, averaged 29% (19% in upper limbs and 42% in lower limbs). The range of overall improvement was 19--35% (7--30% for upper limbs; 25--67% for lower limbs). No toxic clinical or biochemical side effects were encountered. Thus threonine, a precursor of glycine, produced the same effect on spasticity than that previously observed with glycine. It is concluded that threonine supplementation is feasible and safe and that it deserves a controlled trial in well defined (preferably genetic) cases of spasticity. PMID- 6809304 TI - Pituitary responses to a neuroactive tripeptide (TRH) in Friedreich's ataxia families. AB - Oral glucose tolerance, thyroid function tests, as well as thyrotropin, prolactin and growth hormone release after administration of thyrotropin releasing hormone, were evaluated in patients with Friedreich's ataxia and unaffected family members. Impaired glucose tolerance was found in the majority of family members, affected or not. Thyroid hormone levels and PRL and TSH responses to TRH, were similar in all and normal. However, GH responses to TRH were abnormal in half of the patients, but in none of the unaffected family members. Paradoxical responses to neuropeptides may characterize some Friedreich's ataxia patients, and may predict the possibility of therapeutic maneuvers with such peptides in these patients. PMID- 6809306 TI - Incidence of hepatitis non-A, non-B compared with types A and B in hospital patients. AB - To establish the relative frequencies of types A, B and non-A, non-B hepatitis, stored samples of blood from all the cases of acute viral hepatitis seen over a period of 9 years in a general hospital for adults were classified according to their type by presently available serologic methods. The study included 456 episodes of hepatitis in 447 patients, distributed as follows: 114 episodes of hepatitis A (25%), 282 of hepatitis B (62%) and 60 of hepatitis non-A, non-B (13%). The episodes of non-A, non-B hepatitis were equally distributed between the sexes, suggesting a mode of transmission different from that of hepatitis A or B, which had male/female ratios of 2.4 and 3.1 respectively. The low proportion of hepatitis non-A, non-B may not reflect its real frequency, since it often escapes clinical recognition. PMID- 6809305 TI - Self-administration of intravenous antibiotics: an efficient, cost-effective home care program. AB - The effects of a home care program with 102 courses (2336 patient-days) of intravenous antibiotic therapy were evaluated. Home care nurses changed the intravenous cannula site every 3 days. The initial hospital stay averaged 11.8 days and the duration of home therapy averaged 22.9 days. The diseases treated included osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, endocarditis, cystic fibrosis and pneumonia, staphylococcal bacteremia, blastomycosis, actinomycosis and other soft tissue infections. All classes of commonly used antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and amphotericin B, were administered, alone or in combination. There were no side effects that necessitated discontinuation of home treatment or readmission to hospital. The average cost per patient-day was $58, compared with an estimated $193 for in hospital therapy; in addition, 2336 hospital bed-days were made available. Most patients were able to resume many or all of their daily activities while receiving intravenous antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6809307 TI - Home total parenteral nutrition in cancer patients. AB - Home parenteral nutrition has been used in a carefully selected group of patients with recurrent, incurable cancer. The goal of this treatment was to allow the patients to live their final months at home, instead of confined to hospital. Experiments with this program have shown that a rigidly defined group of patients can lead a comfortable existence with an acceptably low complication rate before eventually succumbing to their cancer. Additionally, a significant cost savings is realized, compared to the alternative of prolonged hospitalization. PMID- 6809308 TI - Susceptibility of Fanconi's anemia lymphoblasts to DNA-cross-linking and alkylating agents. AB - In order to develop the usefulness of Fanconi's anemia (FA) lymphoblast lines for biochemical and genetic studies, we have determined their sensitivity to a variety of DNA-damaging chemicals. We have adapted a growth inhibiton protocol in which the sensitivity of a cell line is characterized by the drug concentration yielding a 50% inhibiton of growth (EC50). The DNA-cross-linking agents, mitomycin C, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, 1,3-butadiene diepoxide, cis diaminedichloroplatinum(II), and cyclophosphamide, were all more toxic to four FA cell lines than to five normal lines. Three lines, HSC 72 (FA), 99 (FA) and 230 (FA), had EC50s that were 10 to 20 times lower than that of controls while the fourth line, HSC 62 (FA), had an intermediate EC50. Three nitrosourea compounds were also more toxic to FA cells than to controls. However, 2 normal cell lines (HSC 92 and 93) had nitrosourea EC50s 4 to 7 times lower than the other nine controls and overlapped the sensitivity of the intermediate [HSC 62 (FA)] cell line. The same 2 normal cell lines were also more sensitive than 12 other controls, including FA heterozygotes, xeroderma pigmentosum, and ataxia telangiectasis, to the monofunctional alkylating agents, ethyl methane sulfonate, methyl methane sulfonate, and N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. Heterogeneity was also found with FA lines. Two FA cell lines (HSC 72 and 230) had EC50s lower than all control lines while one FA line (HSC 99) had an EC50 similar to that of the resistant normal lines. FA and normal cells had nearly the same sensitivity to 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide and bleomycin. These results demonstrate that FA lymphoblast lines are more sensitive than normal cell lines to all DNA-cross linking agents examined. These cell lines should therefore be useful for the analysis of DNA cross-link repair and the biochemical defect in FA. We have also found an unexpected sensitivity of some FA and normal lines to monofunctional alkylating agents. PMID- 6809310 TI - Alterations in hepatic and splenic microsomal electron transport system components, drug metabolism, heme oxygenase activity, and cytochrome P-450 turnover in Murphy-Sturm lymphosarcoma-bearing rats. PMID- 6809309 TI - DNA strand breaks caused by inhibitors of DNA synthesis: 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine and aphidicolin. AB - We have used alkaline elution analysis to determine whether strand breaks are detectable in L1210 DNA labeled during and prior to 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) exposure. The results demonstrate that ara-C enhances elution of previously synthesized DNA as well as replicating DNA. ara-C induced dose-dependent strand breaks when DNA was labeled prior to drug exposure. In contrast, simultaneous exposure of cells to tritiated thymidine and drug resulted in maximal elution rates with 10(-6) M ara-C. These findings are compared to those obtained with aphidicolin, another inhibitor of DNA synthesis, which unlike ara-C is not incorporated into the DNA strand. These results suggest that both ara-C and aphidicolin increase DNA elution rates by impairing DNA synthesis. The different dose-dependent patterns during replicative DNA synthesis may result from the incorporation of ara-C in the DNA strand. PMID- 6809311 TI - Differential effects of anthracycline drugs on rat heart and liver microsomal reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6809313 TI - DNA damage and selective toxicity of dopa and ascorbate:copper in human melanoma cells. AB - Six of eight human melanoma lines showed increased sensitivity to killing by dopa and by ascorbate:copper compared with two fibroblast strains and four other human cell lines of nonmelanoma origin. Catechol, epinephrine, and alpha-methyldopa, but not 5,6-dihydroxyindole, exhibited a similar degree of selectivity. Toxicity was greatly reduced when brief exposure times or high cell densities were used. Depending upon culture conditions, melanoma cells accumulated more [3H]dopa- and [14C]ascorbate-derived isotopic label within the first five min than fibroblasts, but after one hr this difference was less marked. The catalase activity in melanoma cells was not less than that in fibroblasts. Using two independent methods to determine each type of damage, dopa and ascorbate:copper were found to induce DNA breaks in both cell types but not DNA repair synthesis or DNA interstrand cross-links. More DNA breaks were found in melanoma cells (two lines) than in fibroblasts. Semiconservative DNA synthesis was inhibited immediately, recovered within six hr, and in melanoma cells, was again inhibited after 24 hr. RNA synthesis was inhibited less than DNA synthesis. Human cell lines with differential sensitivity to gamma-radiation, ultraviolet light, cross-linking agents, or monofunctional alkylating agents, exhibited normal survival levels when treated with dopa or ascorbate:copper. PMID- 6809314 TI - Inhibition of DNA replication and growth of several human and murine neoplastic cells by aphidicolin without detectable effect upon synthesis of immunoglobulins and HLA antigens. AB - Aphidicolin inhibits DNA replication and growth of all tested human and murine neoplastic cells including leukemic T- and B-lymphocytes and melanocarcinoma cells. The concentration of aphidicolin causing 50% inhibition of DNA synthesis in all of the tested neoplastic cell lines is similar to that necessary to inhibit DNA synthesis in HeLa cells by 50%. The mechanism of inhibition of DNA synthesis in neoplastic cells is again due to the inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha by aphidicolin. Aphidicolin at a concentration 100 times higher than that causing 50% inhibition of DNA synthesis and cell growth had no effect on total protein synthesis, on the secretion of immunoglobulins, or on the expression of HLA antigens which are involved in relevant phenomena of the immune response. PMID- 6809315 TI - Distribution and metabolism of 1-propyl-1-nitrosourea in rats. AB - The carcinogen 1-[14C]propyl-1-nitrosourea (PNU) was readily absorbed from the rat gut, and the radioactivity was excreted mainly in the urine and expired air. The urinary metabolites of PNU were 1-propylurea and urea. 1-Propylurea was shown to be excreted largely unchanged in the urine. Both [14C]PNU and 1 [14C]propylurea were found to be eliminated rapidly from the rat body. Besides cO2 from PNU, isopropyl alcohol was identified as a volatile metabolite in the expired air. Specific high concentrations (%/g) in main organs and tissues were not observed in adult rats 24 hr after single p.o. doses (20 mg/kg) of labeled PNU. The ureido carbon of PNU showed considerable retention in the blood, while relatively high residual levels were found in the liver for the propyl carbon. Autoradiographic studies on pregnant rats showed a uniform distribution between maternal and fetal bodies a short time after dosing. A relatively high concentration of 14C label was found in the maternal blood 24 hr after treatment with [carbonyl-14C]PNU. Localization of radioactivity in bone systems such as the fetal sterna and vertebrae was noted 6 hr after treatment with [propyl-1-14C]PNU. Metabolic pathways of PNU in the rat are proposed. PMID- 6809312 TI - Protective role of thiols in cyclophosphamide-induced urotoxicity and depression of hepatic drug metabolism. AB - One of the serious toxicities of cyclophosphamide chemotherapy is urotoxicity. In addition to causing leukopenia, high-dose cyclophosphamide caused both depression of hepatic microsomal enzyme activities and extensive urinary bladder damage, suggesting that a common biochemical mechanism may be responsible for both of these effects. Administration of 180 or 200 mg cyclophosphamide per kg to Wistar rats caused 41 to 67% decrease in aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity, a 21 to 54% decrease in aminopyrine demethylase activity, and a 34 to 40% decrease in cytochrome P-450 content. This dose of cyclophosphamide also caused hematuria as well as necrosis and edema in the urinary bladder. Administration of N acetylcysteine or sodium-2-mercaptoethane sulfonate (mesnum) with cyclophosphamide, while not protecting against leukopenia, protected against the enzymatic inactivation and urotoxicity. The biochemical basis of these observations is discussed. The results suggest that a common metabolite of cyclophosphamide, most probably acrolein, is responsible for both of these undesirable effects of cyclophosphamide therapy. Use of combinations including cyclophosphamide and an appropriate thiol may increase the therapeutic index of this drug. PMID- 6809316 TI - Osmotic blood-brain barrier disruption: pharmacodynamic studies in dogs and a clinical phase I trial in patients with malignant brain tumors. AB - Infusion of 25% mannitol in saline into the internal carotid artery of dogs disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a controlled and reproducible manner (osmotic disruption), whereas mannitol infused through the common carotid artery produces variable disruption of the BBB. Compared to controls, infusion of methotrexate in dogs after osmotic disruption produced significantly higher drug levels in brain. We report very preliminary data on the effects of osmotic disruption with mannitol in five patients harboring malignant brain tumors. PMID- 6809317 TI - Toxicology of daunorubicin in animals and man. AB - The toxic effects of daunorubicin with specific reference to acute, subacute, and long-term studies in animals are reviewed, and its clinical toxicity is considered. We emphasize the importance of hematologic toxicity and infections when treating with daunorubicin. A summary of the work done on detoxifying activities of certain compounds is presented, and the activities that increase the toxic effects of daunorubicin are discussed. Finally, the immunosuppressive, mutagenic, teratogenic, and carcinogenic activities of daunorubicin are mentioned. PMID- 6809319 TI - Complications of total parenteral nutrition in the cancer patient. PMID- 6809321 TI - Total parenteral nutrition as an adjunct to chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer. AB - A randomized study was performed in advanced cancer to test the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in maintaining and improving nutrition, to examine the effects of TPN on tumor growth, and to determine if TPN altered chemotherapy response rates, treatment tolerance, and survival. Forty-five patients on identical chemotherapy were randomized to TPN versus ad libitum feeding. TPN was well tolerated. No clinical or tumor marker evidence suggesting neoplastic growth stimulation was obtained. Chemotherapy-related complications and chemotherapy responses did not differ between the two groups. TPN had little effect on performance status. TPN patients gained an average of 2.8 kg before chemotherapy, but triceps skinfold and mid-arm muscle area did not change significantly during TPN. Survival did not improve with TPN. We conclude that current techniques of TPN are of limited benefit in advanced colon cancer. A small subset of patients with short-gut malabsorption may be helped. Further study is needed to determine the mechanisms of cancer undernutrition and to refine nutritional supplementation techniques on the basis of these mechanisms. PMID- 6809320 TI - Nutritional support and the immune system in cancer management. A critical review. AB - The nutritional state of the cancer patient is still a poorly defined parameter that most probably presents specific differences when compared with other states of denutrition. By definition, the immune response is altered in the denutritive condition. Factors such as amino acids, lipids, insulin, vitamin A, vitamin C and, zinc should be studied in more depth since existing studies have already shown that changes in plasma levels of these factors can modulate the immune response. Present information on hypernutrition is clearly inadequate and often difficult to evaluate, since it is based on nonrandomized trials in cancer patients, and for whom the relationship between nutritional state and the associated immune response was not clearly established. In addition, the effects on lymphocyte subpopulation functions within this context have not been adequately studied. These and other factors employed, is of limited interest and also expensive. We propose a more specific approach to nutritional therapy that would lead to a more specific modulation of the overall immune response. PMID- 6809322 TI - A prospective randomized study of adjuvant parenteral nutrition in the treatment of diffuse lymphoma: effect on drug tolerance. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been suggested as a useful addition to chemotherapy of malignant disease in the hope of decreasing drug toxicity and increasing drug tolerance. In this study, 17 of 36 patients given chemotherapy for advanced diffuse lymphoma were randomly selected to receive TPN. The dose of the chemotherapeutic agents to be administered was decreased according to predetermined toxicity guidelines. A comparison of drug dosage in the group receiving TPN and the group receiving standard nutrition is a measure of drug tolerance in these patients. Drug dosage was evaluable in 15 TPN and 18 standard nutrition patients. No difference in tolerance of any specific drug or total drug dose occurred when all patients in both groups were compared. Similar comparisons in subgroups of malnourished patients and responding patients also revealed no difference. A cycle-by-cycle analysis demonstrated no difference in any phase of therapy. The wbc count, platelet count, and albumin level, on the first day of each cycle, the nadir during cycles and the day of nadir were compared in TPN and standard nutrition patients. No differences were found. This study does not suggest improved drug tolerance in lymphoma patients as a result of TPN support. Further controlled studies are needed to determine which groups of cancer patients might benefit from TPN and how these benefits occur. PMID- 6809318 TI - Enteral versus parenteral nutritional support in cancer patients. AB - There are many theoretical and practical advantages to enteral rather than parenteral administration of nutrients. However, it is unlikely that enteral supplementation of nutritional intake as presently practiced will be successful as a primary therapy for most patients with the cancer cachexia syndrome. The most likely role of enteral nutritional support (ENS) is in conjunction with other therapies. This modality deserves evaluation in surgery with curative intent. Changes in diet are effective in reducing the gastrointestinal symptoms of abdominopelvic irradiation, but the effect of ENS on the hematologic toxicity of radiation therapy and on response rates and survival is unclear. Elemental diets can reduce the gastrointestinal toxicity of conventional doses of 5-FU, but they worsen the mortality and hematologic toxicity of higher doses. Factors such as protein, fat, and carbohydrate sources, degree of hydrolysis of protein, lactose content, and timing of dietary manipulations are important in evaluating the response to ENS. PMID- 6809323 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in a methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma model. AB - Problems with currently available studies of the effects of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on rat tumor models include: inadequate definition of the natural history of the tumor model; use of nutritional techniques and solutions which have not been proven effective; failure to allow animals to recover from stress of catheterization before starting nutritional manipulation; short-term studies; failure to use sham-operated orally fed control animals; and inadequate evaluation of nutritional result. We have instituted TPN after a 4-day postcatheterization recovery period in a defined methylcholanthrene-induced rat sarcoma model. Preliminary results suggest that TPN increases tumor weight without changing tumor composition of water, nitrogen, or fat. TPN also increases carcass fat and water content, but not carcass protein. In tumor-bearing animals, the percentage of energy expended on activity decreases with increasing tumor burden in both TPN and orally fed controls. TPN in these studies appears to support fat stores and stimulate tumor growth. PMID- 6809325 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in cancer cachexia. AB - A profound loss of body mass and energy reserves is a characteristic feature of cancer cachexia. Because glucose is a major energy-yielding fuel, abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism may prove to be important in the development or end result of this common syndrome. In this paper, we review the known alterations of glucose and lactate metabolism that occur in patients with malignant tumors. PMID- 6809326 TI - Nitrogen metabolism in cancer patients. AB - The methods of examining nitrogen metabolism in cancer-bearing humans are examined with specific examples. The major nutritional effect of cancer on the host is lean tissue and caloric reserve dissolution, with increased total body water. It seems clear that gluconeogenesis from amino acids can be suppressed by exogenous substrate. With appropriate nutritional repletion, protein catabolism can be suppressed and synthesis stimulated. PMID- 6809324 TI - Role of intravenous hyperalimentation as an adjunct to intensive chemotherapy for small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - Forty-nine patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma (23 limited and 26 extensive disease) received their first two of three courses of intensive remission induction chemotherapy with (21 patients) or without (28 patients) intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). The chemotherapy included six remission induction courses with ECHO (epipodophyllotoxin VP-16-213, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin), followed by six courses of maintenance with PRIME (procarbazine, ifosfamide, methotrexate). Prophylactic brain irradiation (3000 r/2 weeks) was given to all patients and those with limited disease received chest irradiation (5000 r/5 weeks) at the completion of ECHO. Thus far, all 30 patients who have completed three courses of ECHO have responded with complete (70% CR) or partial (30% PR) remissions. The CR rate was higher for patients receiving IVH (85% vs 59%, P = 0.25). Myelosuppression was pronounced and predominantly in the form of neutropenia. Median lowest neutrophil counts were zero during each of the three courses of ECHO and lasted a median of 5 days at levels less than 500/mm3. Major infections occurred in 21% of courses. The administration of IVH did not ameliorate the hematologic, gastrointestinal, and infectious morbidity of ECHO chemotherapy. However, it resulted in preservation of body weight (P less than 0.01) and improved skin reactivity to a battery of six skin antigens (P = 0.03). The administration of intensive therapy with ECHO +/- IVH was well tolerated and resulted in high CR rates in patients with small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. The administration of IVH was most helpful in preventing severe weight loss and augmenting response to a battery of skin antigens. The long term survival effects of these observations are yet to be determined. PMID- 6809327 TI - Metabolism in peripheral tissues in cancer patients. AB - Cancer patients have increased insulin resistance in skeletal muscles and probably also in the liver. The insulin production in response to a glucose challenge is decreased. This is associated with decreased glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and increased gluconeogenesis from amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. The correlation between the insulin response to a glucose challenge and the activities of glycolytic and oxidative rate-limiting enzymes in muscle tissue suggests a common denominator for these metabolic alterations. The most prominent feature in alteration of lipid metabolism is a reduction of body fat, probably dependent on increased lipolysis. The released fatty acids are oxidized outside the tumor mass. Species characteristics may be important for the degree of hyperlipidemia. Wasting of the skeletal muscle mass is caused by decreased protein synthesis and probably increased degradation. Anorexia can induce but not entirely explain this altered protein metabolism. Decreased physical activity may be another important factor for the depressed protein synthesis. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) improves the muscle protein synthesis. The mechanism behind increased fractional degradation of muscle proteins in vitro is not clear, but it may be coupled to increased cathepsin D activity. PMID- 6809328 TI - Effect of total parenteral nutrition on tumor-host responses in rats. AB - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a clinical adjunct to cancer therapy. But it is difficult to do controlled clinical studies on cancer patients undergoing TPN. We therefore turned to a study of TPN on Buffalo strain rats with and without a Morris 7777 transplantable hepatoma. Our results showed that TPN at higher than normal levels (total parenteral hyperalimentation, abbreviated TPH) supported a gain in body weight of nontumorous rats. In tumorous rats, TPH supported body weight gain and stimulated tumor growth. Detailed analysis showed the TPH of the rats with a large rapidly growing hepatoma did gain body weight associated with fluid retention while the carcass weight decreased. Nor did TPH of tumorous rats significantly reverse the low cell proliferative activity to ear epidermis attributed to the tumor though it did stimulate tumor cell proliferation. Thus TPH by itself did not overcome wasting due to presence of the tumor. Using the hypothesis that uncontrolled gluconeogenesis is linked to cancer cachexia, we combined TPH with inhibition of gluconeogenesis (using hydrazine sulfate) and prevented the carcass weight loss (cachexia) in the tumorous rats. Tumor growth was stimulated by this treatment. Stimulation of cell proliferation in the tumor can, however, benefit chemotherapy using an S phase or cell cycle-specific cytotoxic drug. PMID- 6809329 TI - Combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and ftorafur against advanced L1210 murine leukemia. AB - The antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide (CP) in combination with ftorafur (FT) against advanced L1210 murine leukemia was investigated and compared with the activity of the combination of CP and 5-FU. CP at doses of 200--350 mg/kg was highly active, the most effective dose (% treated/control = 327) being 300 mg/kg. The activity of FT up to the LD10 dose and of 5-FU at 50 mg/kg was minimal (% treated/control less than or equal to 142). Coadministration of 200 mg/kg of FT with 100 mg/kg of CP resulted in an increase in activity as compared with the respective dose of CP alone as did the coadministration of 400 mg/kg of FT with 200 mg/kg of CP; the activities, however, were no better than that resulting from treatment with 300 mg/kg of CP alone. The coadministration of CP and 600 mg/kg of FT resulted in an increase in host toxic reactions and loss of antitumor activity, as did the coadministration of 400 mg/kg of FT with 300 mg/kg of CP. Treatment with FT at 400 or 600 mg/kg 24 hours before or after administration of CP at 200 or 300 mg/kg did not increase the activity over that occurring when the respective combinations of the drugs were coadministered. The activity of the combination of CP with 5-FU at doses previously reported to be synergistic was equal to that observed when mice were treated with 300 mg/kg of CP alone. These data suggest that FT increases the cytotoxicity of CP but that the combination is not synergistic. PMID- 6809330 TI - Synthesis of 8-(methoxycarbonyl)octyl glycosides of O-alpha-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1 goes to 3)-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 goes to 3)-2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D glucopyranose; models for the antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fisher immunotype 5. PMID- 6809331 TI - Hemodynamic response to glyceryl trinitrate in a spray at rest and during exercise in a sitting position. AB - Glyceryl trinitrate (GNT, 0.8 mg) was administered in a spray to 15 coronary patients of whom 7 had a pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) greater than 16 mm Hg on exercise (subgroup I) and the others (subgroup II) had a normal PWP at rest and during exercise. At rest, GNT increased heart rate and decreased cardiac output, systolic index, stroke work index, right atrial pressure, pulmonary wedge and mean systemic pressures in all patients. Peripheral resistances did not change. During exercise, GNT lowered PWP, systemic arterial pressure and peripheral resistances in all cases. It increased cardiac output as well as systolic and stroke work indices only in patients of subgroup I. In subjects with coronary disease, no overt cardiac failure but elevated PWP on exercise, GNT in a spray can quickly improve exercise capacity and hemodynamic reserves and increase anginal threshold. PMID- 6809333 TI - Effect of hypertonic mannitol on microvascular function in hypoxic and reoxygenated rat myocardium. PMID- 6809334 TI - Serological studies among sporogenous and asporogenous yeasts: antigenic structures of some Candida and related taxa. PMID- 6809332 TI - Applications and techniques of gastrointestinal intubation. AB - Gastrointestinal intubation has found increasing applications over the past several years. Although usually an uncomplicated procedure, passage of an intestinal tube may be impeded by ineffective peristalsis, obstructing lesions or surgical alteration of the normal anatomy. A variety of techniques are described for passing tubes into the stomach, duodenum and small bowel. These techniques are an outgrowth of those initially developed for manipulating tubes through the vascular, biliary and genitourinary systems. The characteristics of the various decompression and alimentation tubes as well as the dangers of gastrointestinal intubation are also discussed. PMID- 6809335 TI - Alteration of the action potential of tissue cultured neuronal cells by growth in the presence of a polyunsaturated fatty acid. AB - The effects of alterations in membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition on the excitability of neuroblastoma X glioma hybrid cells, clone NG108-15, were examined using intracellular recording techniques. Cells were grown in the presence of arachidonate (20:4) added to the culture medium as a complex with bovine serum albumin. Exposure of the cells to 20:4 for 3-21 days produced a 40% decrease in the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (dV/dt) with a small change in its amplitude. The resting membrane potential and passive properties of the cells were unaffected. An effect of 20:4 was not observed until 24 hr after treatment and increased over the next 2 days. The phospholipid content of 20:4 and its metabolite 22:4 increased from 6.9% to 25.3% of total fatty acids during approximately the same time span. It is concluded that the action potential dV/dt can be altered by changes in membrane lipid composition. PMID- 6809337 TI - Lipid storage in cultured articular chondrocytes due to prostanoid precursors and a prostanoid synthesis inhibitor. AB - Lapine articular chondrocytes were subcultured in the presence or absence of the prostanoid precursors, arachidonic acid or dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin. Lipid storage was studied microscopically using the Sudan black staining method. Control chondrocyte cultures showed a weakly positive staining reaction until confluence was reached, at which point the intra-cytoplasmic lipid content decreased. Both arachidonic acid and dihomo gamma-linolenic acid at 100 mumol/l caused a marked increase in lipid storage which continued even after confluence was achieved. 1 mumol/l concentrations were indistinguishable from controls, whereas 10 mumol/l concentrations elicited a slight increase in lipid storage compared with controls. The prostaglandin cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin did not affect chondrocyte lipid storage. However, administration of a prostanoid precursor in the presence of indomethacin caused a massive increase in intra-cytoplasmic storage of lipid, eventually leading to cell death. A possible explanation is that indomethacin may alter chondrocyte lipid metabolism in the presence of substrate molecules by rechanneling lipid synthesis away from the prostaglandin pathway to other lipid synthetic pathways. PMID- 6809336 TI - Autoradiographic studies of protein and polysaccharide synthesis during vitellogenesis in Drosophila. AB - Quantitative light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography was used to evaluate metabolic processes that occur during late developmental stages (10-14) of oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Major differences in radiolabelling patterns were found after in vivo (10-45 min) uptake of [3H]-monosaccharides and [3H]-L-lysine. Several different methods of data analysis were required to facilitate interpretation of these patterns. [3H]-L-lysine produced extensive cytoplasmic labelling at all developmental stages. In addition, about 15% of alpha yolk spheres were intensely labelled at stage 10, reflecting the incorporation of radiolabelled vitellogenins synthesized during the incubation period. Subsequent stages showed low silver grain density over alpha yolk spheres until stage 14, when a burst of [3H]-L-lysine incorporation by most alpha spheres was observed, possibly indicative of a maturation process for embryogenesis. [3H] D-glucose and [3H]-D-galactose (10 min, in vivo) both induced intense labelling of the beta yolk spheres in a manner suggesting in situ assembly beginning at early stage 13. Inasmuch as the polysaccharide of beta yolk spheres has the properties of glycogen (e.g., rosette structure digested by alpha-amylase) and the radiolabelled monosaccharides were introduced intra-abdominally, it is evident that transport systems as well as enzymes utilizing glucose and galactose for glycogenesis must be readily available. It is notable that wide-spread labelling of egg chambers was elicited by [3H]-D-glucose and [3H]-D-galactose (e.g., nurse cells, follicle cells, chorion, vitelline membrane), but the labelling induced by [3H]-N-acetylmannosamine was restricted mainly to the endochorion. A possible role of microtubules in distribution and assembly of yolk spheres was inferred when colchicine, admixed to the culture medium (2-5 ppm), produced abnormal distribution and diminution in number of both alpha and beta yolk spheres. In addition to revealing previously unknown metabolic events of vitellogenesis, the results provide additional criteria for stage characterization as well as a means to specifically label certain macromolecules for purposes of isolation. PMID- 6809338 TI - Immune response gene control of antibody specificity. PMID- 6809339 TI - Modulation of interleukin 1 production by activated macrophages: in vitro action of hydrocortisone, colchicine, and cytochalasin B. PMID- 6809340 TI - Opposing effects of human peripheral blood lymphocytes on the growth of cultured leukemia cell lines. PMID- 6809341 TI - Influence of methylamine on histamine-stimulated phagocytosis in the Tetrahymena. PMID- 6809342 TI - Intestinal adaptation of protein deficiency. PMID- 6809343 TI - [Surgical treatment of non-malignant diseases of the esophagus in the aged]. PMID- 6809345 TI - Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. I. Characterization of in vitro protein alkylation. AB - The metabolic activation of [14C]ronidazole by rat liver enzymes to metabolite(s) bound to macromolecules was investigated. The alkylation of protein by [14C]ronidazole metabolite(s) was catalyzed most efficiently by rat liver microsomes, in the absence of oxygen utilizing NADPH as a source of reducing equivalents. Based on a comparison of total ronidazole metabolized versus the amount bound to microsomal protein, approximately one molecule alkylates microsomal protein for every 20 molecules of ronidazole metabolized. Protein alkylation was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl-containing compounds such as cysteine and glutathione whereas methionine had no effect. Based on HPLC analysis of ronidazole, cysteine was found not to inhibit microsomal metabolism of ronidazole ruling out a decrease in the rate of production of the reactive metabolite(s) as the mechanism of cysteine inhibition. PMID- 6809344 TI - Solubilization of murine melanoma xylosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase activities and their inactivation by dialdehyde nucleosides. AB - The enzymes involved in the initial steps in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans were examined in the murine B16 melanoma. Approximately 60% of the melanoma xylosyltransferase activity and nearly all of the galactosyltransferase activity were membrane-bound; these enzymatic activities were solubilized by treatment with Nonidet P-40 and potassium chloride, and the Michaelis constants for the substrates and acceptor molecules were determined and found to be comparable to those reported for these enzymes from the chick embryo and a rat chondrosarcoma. Dialdehyde nucleosides, which have been reported to alter the activity of several enzymes involved in nucleic acid synthesis, inhibited both xylosyltransferase and galactosyltransferase activities, with galactosyltransferase being considerably less sensitive than xylosyltransferase. The inhibition of xylosyltransferase by dialdehyde nucleosides was irreversible, with no apparent specificity for the base moiety of the dialdehyde nucleosides. PMID- 6809346 TI - Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. II. Involvement of microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in protein alkylation in vitro. AB - Purified liver microsomal NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase is able to catalyze the activation of [14C]ronidazole to metabolite(s) which bind covalently to protein. Like the reaction catalyzed by microsomes, protein alkylation catalyzed by the reductase is (1) sensitive to oxygen, (2) requires reducing equivalents, (3) is inhibited by sulfhydryl-containing compounds and (4) is stimulated several fold by either flavin mononucleotide (FMN) or methytlviologen. A cytochrome P-450 dependent pathway of ronidazole activation can be demonstrated as judged by the inhibition of the reaction by carbon monoxide, metyrapone and 2,4-dichloro-6 phenylphenoxyethylamine but the involvement of specific microsomal cytochrome P 450 isozymes has not been definitively established. Milk xanthine oxidase is also capable of catalyzing ronidazole activation. Polyacrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-gel electrophoresis reveals that the reactive intermediate(s) of ronidazole does not alkylate proteins selectively. PMID- 6809351 TI - [Preliminary survey on the carrying of hepatitis B surface antigen and the determination of its subtypes in Brazzaville (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809349 TI - [Efficacy of schistosomicide derivatives, appreciation with electronic microscopy experimental model (author's transl)]. AB - The activity of some schistosomicidal drugs have been studied by electron microscopy on the tegument of Schistosoma mansoni. Results are different and depend of the compound which is tested. Two new compounds: RO 11 3128 and RO 13 3978 are specially active and act in different ways on the tegument. On of them, a benzodiazepine, have been tested in association with an "antibenzodiazepine" compound in order to avoid the sedative action without decrease of the schistosomicidal activity. PMID- 6809350 TI - [Epidemiological situation of human carbuncle in Upper Volta (author's transl)]. AB - After the statistical statement concerning human carbuncle in Upper Volta in 1976, 1977 and 1978, the authors report their clinical and epidemiological ascertainments observed during the opportunity of four surveys. Among the cutaneous forms, cephalic localization is the most frequently observed. Visceral forms are essentially digestive, sometimes respiratory, never neurological. In its voltaic foci (grounds made of clayey alluvium, regulatory flooded), carbuncle stretches to endemic-sporadic forms with epidemiological peaks. It does not exist any parallelism between the importance of breeding and human disease, which is much more frequent during the rainy season than during the dry one. Prophylactic measures are proposed: ruminant and hog vaccination in endemic areas, preceded by an information and education campaign for the health. PMID- 6809348 TI - The metabolism of nitrosopyrrolidine by hepatocytes from Fischer rats. AB - Nitrosopyrrolidine (NO-PYR), an hepatocellular carcinogen, is rapidly metabolized to CO2 by hepatocytes freshly isolated from the livers of male Fischer rats. Using CO2 evolution as a measure of NO-PYR metabolism, we observed two kinetic constants; a high affinity component (Km = 0.11 mM), and a lower affinity component (K m = 3.2 mM). The high affinity component has similar kinetic constants to those observed for in vitro reactions with microsomes plus cytosol (Km = 0.36 mM). Therefore, it is probable that the microsomal reaction is the limiting factor in the metabolism of NO-PYR in hepatocytes. NO-PYR may be metabolized to CO2 through normal anaplerotic sequences. Some metabolites of NO PYR which have been tentatively identified are gamma-hydroxybutyrate, succinic semialdehyde, 3,4-dihydroxybutyric acid lactone, lactate, acetate, pyruvate, glyoxylate, gamma-aminobutyrate and alanine. 2-Hydroxytetrahydrofuran (2-hydroxy THF). a product of alpha-hydroxylation was detected at low levels in only one of four reactions. 3-Hydroxy-NO-PYR is present but represents only a small percentage of the total metabolism and is probably of little significance in the overall catabolism of NO-PYR in hepatocytes. PMID- 6809352 TI - [Serological survey for arbovirus antibodies in the human and simian populations of the South-East of Gabon (author's transl)]. AB - A serological survey for arbovirus antibodies was carried out in human and simian populations of the South-East of Gabon. 197 human sera (adults), 34 simian sera (collected in the monkey colony of the Centre International de Recherches Medicales de Franceville) and 28 paired sera of mothers and their new-borns (samples collected from the umbilical cord) were tested using haemagglutination inhibition (HI) for all sera and complement fixation test (CF) for some of them. In the human population, 88% showed antibodies against yellow-fever virus as a consequence of vaccination, 20% against Chikungunya virus and 58% against Orungo virus. The high antibody titers for Chikungunya virus detected by HI test with CF antibodies proved a recent activity of this virus. The serological survey of simian population confirms the activity of Chikungunya virus in this area and demonstrates the circulation of one or more Flaviviruses, especially Zika virus. Transmission of maternal antibodies was established for the following arboviruses: Chikungunya, yellow-fever, Uganda S., Zika and Orungo. PMID- 6809353 TI - [3 + 1 cases of familial congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6809347 TI - Drug residue formation from ronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole. III. Studies on the mechanism of protein alkylation in vitro. AB - Ronidazole (1-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-2-methanol carbamate) is reductively metabolized by liver microsomal and purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase preparations to reactive metabolites that covalently bind to tissue proteins. Kinetic experiments and studies employing immobilized cysteine or blocked cysteine thiols have shown that the principal targets of protein alkylation ara cysteine thiols. Furthermore, ronidazole specifically radiolabelled with 14C in the 4,5-ring, N-methyl or 2-methylene positions give rise to equivalent apparent covalent binding suggesting that the imidazole nucleus is retained in the bound residue. In contrast, the carbonyl-14C-labeled ronidazole gives approx. 6--15 fold less apparent covalent binding indicating that the carbamoyl group is lost during the reaction leading to the covalently bound metabolite. The conversion of ronidazole to reactive metabolite(s) is quantitative and reflects the amazing efficiency by which this compound is activated by microsomal enzymes. However, only about 5% of this metabolite can be accounted for as protein-bound products under the conditions employed in these studies. Consequently, approx. 95% of the reactive ronidazole metabolite(s) can react with other constituents in the reaction media such as other thiols or water. Based on these results, a mechanism is proposed for the metabolic activation of ronidazole. PMID- 6809354 TI - [The problem of retino-choroidal vascular concordance]. PMID- 6809356 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C in rabbit and human. AB - A sensitive and specific high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay was developed to characterize the plasma elimination and urinary excretion of mitomycin C in humans. Extraction of mitomycin C and an internal standard, porfiromycin, from plasma by chromatography over a non-ionic resin, Porapak Q, yields high recovery of both compounds and facilitates measurement of as little as 5 ng mitomycin C by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The assay was used to characterize the plasma elimination of mitomycin C in rabbits and was shown to be applicable to the characterization of the pharmacokinetics of mitomycin C in humans receiving as little as 8 mg/m2. PMID- 6809357 TI - Bromocryptin and epimestrol in MAP-negative secondary amenorrheas. AB - 18 patients, between 18 and 24 years of age, affected by normoprolactinemic secondary amenorrhea and still MAP-negative after three successive Epimestrol cycles underwent five cycles of a combined treatment (Bromocryptin and Epimestrol). Before and after the first cycle of combined treatment, in all patients FSH, LH, E2 and PRL were measured. Progesterone was evaluated three days after the thermic rise. The basal temperature was measured daily. In all the examined patients the combined treatment produced the appearance of the menstrual flow after the third therapeutical cycle. In 13 out of the 18 examined patients ovulation was observed. The hormonal dosage highlighted a clear increase in Gonadotropins and Estradiol levels. PMID- 6809355 TI - Reduction of lethal toxicity of chloroethylnitrosoureas by sugar alcohols without loss of antitumor activity. AB - Sugar alcohols, such as mannitol, sorbitol, galactitol, and inositol, selectively reduced the acute lethal toxicity of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl alpha-D glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea (MCNU) without reducing its antitumor activity. Fifty mg MCNU/kg killed all CD2F1 mice within about 10 days, while the administration of 3,000 mg sugar alcohols/kg immediately prior to MCNU protected mice from the lethal toxicity and all survived. The amelioration of MCNU toxicity by sugar alcohols was dose-dependent. Pretreatment with mannitol 1 day before MCNU administration was effective. In addition, a series of five daily treatments with lower doses of mannitol was also effective. This protection was accompanied by the reduction of both body weight loss and myelosuppression. The antitumor effects of MCNU on P388 leukemia and Lewis lung carcinoma were not significantly altered by mannitol treatment. These phenomena were not limited to MCNU, the lethal toxicity of GANU, ACNU, Me-CCNU, and mitomycin C also being reduced by mannitol treatment. PMID- 6809358 TI - "Euthyroidal' goiter and menstrual disorders. AB - We selected 5 patients, between 18 and 31 years of age, presenting menstrual irregularities and thyroidal goiter with no apparent functional change (normal, T4 and T3 tests). These patients underwent further examinations: TSH (basal and after TRH stimulation), HPRL (basal-circadian rhythm and after TRH stimulation), FSH and LH (basal and after Gn-RH stimulation), thyroidal scintiscan, search for antithyroid antibodies. Basal and post-stimulation TSH was fundamental in 2 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism. The positive antibody search confirmed the antoimmune origin. In the same patients, the HPRL circadian rhythm and TRH test highlighted a secondary hyperprolactinemia which would not have been revealed by a single basal sample. PMID- 6809360 TI - Sanfilippo B syndrome (MPS III B): altered residual alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in an unusual sibship. AB - We studied the residual alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in two siblings with severe and mild Sanfilippo B syndrome. No striking differences were demonstrated between the mutant enzymes from the severe and the mild case. However we found an altered enzyme activity characterized by displacement of the pH optimum towards basic values compared to the pH optimum of the normal enzyme, higher stability to heat and to Hg2+ ion treatment. It is suggested that the Sanfilippo B disease in this sibship is due to a mutation of a structural gene coding for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase. PMID- 6809359 TI - Development of a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for human ferritin using affinity-purified anti-ferritin labelled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. AB - A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human ferritin was developed. Polystyrene balls were coated with rabbit anti-human ferritin IgG by physical adsorption, and rabbit anti-human ferritin Fab' was purified by affinity chromatography and labelled with beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. Using the anti-ferritin-coated polystyrene balls and labelled anti-ferritin, the sensitivity obtained was 23 fg (0.05 amol) of ferritin per tube. The range of serum ferritin levels that could be determined using 0.1 microliter of serum was 0.23-4500 ng/ml, and even 2.3 pg/ml was measurable by using 10 microliter of serum. The coefficients of within-assay (n = 25) and between-assay (n = 10) variations were 5.9-8.8%. The regression equation and coefficient of correlation to a radioimmunoassay were Y(RIA) = 0.92 X(EIA) + 3.0 and 0.99 (n = 78), respectively. The corresponding sandwich radioimmunoassay was less sensitive, partly because the specific radioactivity of 125I-labelled anti-ferritin IgG used was not sufficiently high. PMID- 6809362 TI - [3H]Ouabain binding to human erythrocytes in protein-energy malnutrition. AB - [3H]Ouabain binding to erythrocytes was determined in normal children and in children suffering from kwashiorkor or marasmus. Scatchard plot analysis of [3H]ouabain binding displayed straight lines with linear slopes in all subjects indicating the presence of a single species of ouabain binding sites on erythrocytes. The number of ouabain binding sites per cell was 385 +/- 26 (mean +/- SEM, n = 3) in normal, 891 +/- 102 (n = 8) (p less than 0.001) in kwashiorkor and 316 +/- 45 (n = 3) in marasmic children. The equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) for ouabain binding in kwashiorkor (16 nmol/1) was similar to that in control (12 nmol/1). The specific activity of Na+, K+ -ATPase of erythrocyte membrane has been shown to be higher in kwashiorkor children as compared to normal children [3]. This increase in enzyme activity may be considered as a consequence of increase in the enzyme content as indicated by the increased number of ouabain binding sites on red cells. Elevation in the level and activity of erythrocyte Na+, K+ -ATPase in kwashiorkor might represent a compensatory mechanism in response to a primary membrane abnormality, to effect prevention of Na+ accumulation and K+ depletion inside the cell. PMID- 6809361 TI - Galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase activity in Morquio syndrome. AB - We have prepared a new substrate (o-beta-D-sulfo-galactosyl-(1-4)-beta-D-6-sulfo 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucosyl- (1-4)-D-[1-3H]galactitol), from shark cartilage keratan sulfate, for the assay of galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase activity. Using this substrate, we found there was a striking deficiency of galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase activity, in addition to the known deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate sulfatase, in the cultured skin fibroblasts of patients with Morquio syndrome. Our results could be explained by the hypothesis that accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate in Morquio syndrome is due to a deficiency of galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase and N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate sulfatase activity, which are necessary for the degradation of these two mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 6809363 TI - Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and thyroxine binding prealbumin (TBPA) measurement, compared with the conventional T3 uptake in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. AB - An electroimmunoassay for the determination of thyroxine binding prealbumin is described. The diagnostic efficiency of the assay when used in conjunction with the serum thyroxine as a thyroxine: thyroxine binding prealbumin ratio, is compared with the conventional free thyroxine index and the more recently developed thyroxine: thyroxine binding globulin ratio. The population studied included euthyroid, hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients and also those who were either pregnant or receiving oral contraceptive therapy. Despite recent evidence establishing the theoretical/practical advantages of using a direct measurement for thyroid binding proteins rather than an indirect method (tri-iodothyronine uptake), results obtained from this study suggest that, for the majority of patients requiring biochemical assessment, the free thyroxine index is still the superior discriminator of thyroid abnormality. PMID- 6809364 TI - Thyroid hormones and the regulation of thyroid function in men with coeliac disease. PMID- 6809365 TI - Propranolol improves the impaired TSH response to TRH in patients with autonomously functioning euthyroid multinodular goitre. AB - Ten patients with autonomously functioning euthyroid multinodular goitre received propranolol (Inderal Retard 160 mg daily) for 4 weeks in order to investigate whether normalization of the TRH test or an increased TSH response to TRH could be obtained by decreasing serum T3 levels. Serum T3 decreased significantly after 2 and 4 weeks of propranolol administration. Serum T4 increased during this period, although the change was only significant after 4 weeks of propranolol. T3 resin uptake did not change. The TSH response to TRH increased significantly during the administration of propranolol. Mean delta TSH basally was 1.0, range 0 3.9 mU/l, and mean delta TSH after 4 weeks of propranolol was 2.4, range 0-9.3 mU/l. A strong correlation was found between the increase in delta TSH and the decrease in serum T3 after 4 weeks of propranolol. After withdrawal, delta TSH and T3 returned to premedication levels. Our data suggest that T3 is an important factor in the impairment of the TSH response to TRH in our patients. Normalization of the TRH test was, however, not obtained. These findings support the concept of subclinical hyperthyroidism in 'euthyroid' multinodular goitre with autonomous function. PMID- 6809367 TI - External intestinal fistulas: nursing care and surgical procedures. PMID- 6809368 TI - Feeding stomas: gastrostomy and jejunostomy. PMID- 6809369 TI - Feeding stoma: gastrostomy and jejunostomy. Part 2: Stoma care. PMID- 6809366 TI - The management of glottic T3 carcinoma. AB - In the treatment of glottic T3 carcinoma there are four possible methods (1) primary radical surgery, (2) primary radical radiotherapy, (3) radical surgery with preoperative irradiation or (4) partial surgery. This study shows that patients treated primarily by surgery achieve worse results than those treated by radiotherapy. PMID- 6809370 TI - Paediatric problems associated with stomas. Part 1: Intestinal surgical procedures. PMID- 6809371 TI - Pure XX gonadal dysgenesis in identical twins. AB - Pure gonadal dysgenesis has been described in several sibships. We report a pair of monozygous twins and their younger sister with secondary amenorrhea. They had no associated congenital anomalies. Plasma FSH levels were elevated and the ovarian biopsies showed absence of follicular structures. Their karyotypes were 46XX, further supporting the concept that his form of familial gonadal dysgenesis is an autosomal recessive defect. PMID- 6809372 TI - The treatment of urticaria pigmentosa. PMID- 6809373 TI - Barlow's syndrome and cerebral emboli: a common cause of stroke in young patients? PMID- 6809374 TI - Innovation in electroencephalography. The use of acupuncture needles as sphenoidal electrodes. A report of observations on 648 cases. AB - This paper describes the use of acupuncture needles as sphenoidal electrodes in the EEG studies of 648 patients. Among 87 cases of suspected psychomotor epilepsy, as compared with conventional electrodes, use of the improved sphenoidal electrodes could raise the incidence of abnormal findings by 25%. Among 327 cases of generalised epilepsy they raise the incidence of abnormalities by 3% only but they were helpful in the differentiation between primary and secondary epilepsy. In 129 cases of non-convulsive disorders the improved sphenoidal electrodes helped in giving a more definite diagnosis in brain tumours, organic encephalopathies, psychoses, hemiplegias of unknown cause, syncope, epileptic cephalgia, vertigo and abdominal epilepsy. Our 17 years experience has shown that the use of acupuncture needles as sphenoidal electrodes is simple, safe, reliable and good for routine use. PMID- 6809375 TI - The effects of anticonvulsants on memory function in epileptic patients: preliminary findings. AB - Recent studies have indicated that at least one anticonvulsant has a deleterious effect on memory but the evidence for other major anticonvulsants is conflicting. The memory function of 15 newly diagnosed epileptic patients was examined before and after monotherapy with phenytoin, carbamazepine or sodium valproate. In addition, 17 epileptic patients taking phenytoin alone were examined. No effect on memory function after 3 months of treatment with any one of the 3 drugs was found. No correlation was found between the serum phenytoin levels and performance on the memory tests. Whether the above anticonvulsants are entirely free of effect on memory function cannot be decided until a larger group of patients is studied and until different, perhaps more subtle, aspects of memory are examined. PMID- 6809376 TI - Peanut agglutinin: a marker for normal and leukaemic cells of the monocyte lineage. AB - The potential of peanut agglutinin (PNA) as a monocyte lineage marker and a diagnostic tool was investigated. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from normal adults, and 20 patients with acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia (ANLL), as well as five human cell lines were analysed for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) PNA binding using the fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). Monocytes and monoblasts, which were positive for non-specific esterase activity, bound FITC PNA. In addition, FITC-PNA was bound by a population of cells not defined by cytochemical criteria which were probably precursors to monoblasts. The classical myeloid blast cell did not bind FITC-PNA. ANLL classification is discussed in the light of these results. FITC-PNA clearly binds to cells of the monocyte lineage, and has potential as an adjunct to current cytochemical and morphological criteria in classification. PMID- 6809377 TI - Escherichia coli antibody-secreting cells in the human intestine. AB - Mononuclear cells were isolated from the mucosa and submucosa of small intestine and colon of 22 subjects with localized, anatomically remote disease and four subjects with Crohn's disease (nine specimens) by sequential treatment with EDTA and collagenase. The effects of isolation techniques on cell yields and viability were examined. Secretion of specific IgA, IgM and IgG antibodies to common faecal Escherichia coli strains by individual mononuclear cells was studied using a haemolytic plaque assay. A majority of specific antibody secreting cells secreted IgA antibody. This response was greatest and most consistent in the distal colon but extended from stomach to rectum. There was no evidence of a primary defect in IgA antibody response in the few subjects with Crohn's disease available for study. PMID- 6809378 TI - Failure of autologous oral epithelia to activate RAS lymphocytes. PMID- 6809379 TI - Deformability of human granulocytes: role of calcium and relationship to locomotion. PMID- 6809380 TI - Use and abuse of laboratory tests in clinical immunology: critical considerations of eight widely used diagnostic procedures. Report of a joint IUIS/WHO meeting on assessment of tests used in clinical immunology. PMID- 6809382 TI - Isoimmunization in pregnancy. PMID- 6809381 TI - Use of immunoglobulin light chain analysis to detect bone marrow involvement in B cell neoplasms. PMID- 6809383 TI - Pathophysiology of Rh isoimmunization. PMID- 6809384 TI - Recent understanding for the mechanism by which passively administered Rh antibody suppresses the immune response to Rh antigen in unimmunized Rh-negative women. PMID- 6809385 TI - Intrauterine transfusions: new techniques and results. PMID- 6809386 TI - Intensified nutrition as an adjunct to cytotoxic chemotherapy in gynaecological cancer patients. PMID- 6809387 TI - The white blood cell scan in orthopedics. AB - A new nuclear scanning technique was found more specific for bone, joint, and soft tissue infections than any previously described scanning technique. The leukocyte scan, whereby a patient's own cells are labeled with a radioactive tagging agent (111In oxine), can distinguish an active infectious process from other pain-inducing conditions. Ninety-seven 111In labeled autologous leukocyte scans were performed in 88 patients. The findings in 17 of 40 patients scanned for possible acute osteomyelitis, six of nine for suspected septic arthritis, and six for possible soft tissue infections, were positive. Subsequent clinical courses verified the infectious nature of these processes in all patients. Patients who had chronic osteomyelitis (14), bony metastases (four patients), heterotopic ossification (three), and degenerative arthritis (two) demonstrated negative findings. Of the seven patients scanned for acute long-bone fractures, one demonstrated positive findings. Nine scans demonstrated positive findings without determined causes. The leukocyte scan is a useful addition to the diagnostic tools of the orthopedic surgeon. PMID- 6809388 TI - Skeletal changes associated with copper deficiency. AB - Copper deficiency has been described in premature infants on hyperalimentation. The bony abnormalities are generalized and are usually associated with anemia and neutropenia. These changes present with normal serum levels of iron, ascorbic acid, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium, as well as with depressed levels of copper and ceruloplasmin. They appear at about three to nine months of age in infants with a low birth weight who are receiving total parenteral nutrition, but can be prevented by greater than normal maintenance levels of copper supplements. Established bone changes improve rapidly after the administration of therapeutic supplements. PMID- 6809390 TI - Forceful joint manipulation in head-injured adults with heterotopic ossification. AB - Twenty-eight joints with heterotopic ossification in 16 head-injured adults were forcefully manipulated 39 times under general anesthesia. The etiology of the heterotopic bone was trauma in seven joints and idiopathic (neurogenic) in 21. Indications for manipulation were inability to participate in therapy due to a lowered pain threshold, uncontrolled spasticity, voluntary muscle guarding or early bony ankylosis. An increase in motion was achieved under anesthesia in 23 joints (82%). Eighteen joints (64%) maintained or gained further motion with rehabilitation. Repeated manipulations were indicated if the patient evidenced neurological improvement. Five of 11 hips were manipulated once, five twice, and one hip three times. Seven hips (63%) gained an average of 52 degrees. Seven of 13 elbows were manipulated once and six twice. Eight elbows (62%) gained an average of 47 degrees. Four shoulders were manipulated, and three of the four increased in degree of external rotation. No exacerbation of the heterotopic process was detected. No fractures of long bones occurred. PMID- 6809389 TI - Fractures and dislocations about the elbow in the head-injured adult. AB - Of 548 head-injured adults, 16 sustained injuries about the elbow (3%). Sixteen of 18 patients (89%) developed heterotopic ossification (HO). All elbows which had been dislocated developed new bone in the substance or adjacent to the medial or lateral collateral ligaments, or both. Some dislocations also developed significant HO in all planes. Final motion correlated with the amount of HO in the joint. Supracondylar fractures generally developed a moderate amount of anterior or posterior HO, or both. Motion was moderately compromised. Posteriorly located HO developed in olecranon fractures. Range of motion was generally functional. Ectopic bone developed in dislocations of the radial head in the area of the annular ligament, and resulted in mild to moderate loss of motion. Spasticity was not necessarily associated with the development of HO. Two tardy ulnar palsies were noticed and associated with HO in the medial collateral ligament. PMID- 6809391 TI - Fracture of an ossified Achilles tendon. PMID- 6809392 TI - Rhesus and other antibodies. PMID- 6809393 TI - The effects of almitrine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia in normal subjects. AB - 1. Almitrine at a dose of 0.5 mg h-1 kg-1 given intravenously over 2 h had no effect on resting ventilation in normal males. 2. There was a small, but insignificant, rise in the hypercapnic drive to breathe as compared with placebo. 3. A large rise in the hypoxic drive to breathe was seen in response to almitrine. 4. These findings support the claim that almitrine has its action on ventilation via the peripheral chemoreceptors. 5. No correlation between blood levels of almitrine and the rise in hypoxic response was seen. PMID- 6809394 TI - Local regulation of subcutaneous blood flow in normal subjects and in migraine patients before and after single-dose ergotamine tartrate. AB - Local blood flow regulation of the foot was studied in 15 normal subjects and in nine migraine patients. Changes in arterial and venous pressures were induced by lowering and elevation of the limb. Changes in blood flow were estimated from the changes in the wash-out rate of a subcutaneous 133-Xenon depot. The local vasoconstrictor response to increased venous pressure elicited during lowering was identical in the normal subjects and in the migraine patients. During elevation, however, an abnormality in the autoregulation of blood flow could be demonstrated, as a decrease in blood flow during elevation to +40 cm was more pronounced in the patients than in the normal subjects (P = 0.04). About 3 h after 0.5 mg ergotamine tartrate/70 kg body weight i.v. the local regulation of blood flow had markedly changed in normal subjects as well as in migraine patients. During elevation to +20 and to +40 cm, blood flow increased significantly (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02). In two subjects the isotope depot was infiltrated with lidocaine and the ergotamine-induced increase in blood flow during elevation was blocked. The results may indicate that the veno-receptor of the veno-arteriolar reflex underlying the local vasoconstrictor response is a tension receptor, which due to the veno-constrictor effect of ergotamine is triggered even at heart level. PMID- 6809395 TI - Computer-based laboratory information systems. PMID- 6809396 TI - Economic analysis in assessing technology in clinical laboratories. AB - In applying product-oriented cost analysis to economic decisions in the clinical laboratory, one should be especially aware of those areas in which the data used are only approximations. Many cost components are imbedded in accounts that are common to several areas of activity and cannot rationally be separated. Once cast into an elegant study, information of borderline validity may be obscured. the accuracy of the projections will also depend on the stability of the laboratory environment, and the available degree of detail and completeness of the data. Special care must be taken in the areas of supply and personnel since the actual behavior of these items can vary according to laboratory size, population served, service requirements, and management policies. PMID- 6809397 TI - Blood component therapy in neonatal medicine. PMID- 6809398 TI - Antiepileptic therapeutic drug monitoring. AB - The effort to employ therapeutic drug monitoring in the management of patients with convulsive disorders has been extremely successful. Fortunately, the drugs used by the majority of these patients are readily measured in plasma, and in most cases the plasma concentration is a valid measure of the appropriateness of the dosage of drug administered. Monitoring also helps to ensure patient compliance to drug schedules and allows appropriate adjustment of dosage in patients who are taking concomitant drugs that influence anticonvulsant drug levels. Accurate and reliable quantitative methodology is available to all laboratories, with the method of analysis selected reflecting the technical capabilities of the laboratory personnel. PMID- 6809399 TI - Digitalis and vasoactive drugs. PMID- 6809400 TI - Interrelationships between water and cell metabolism in Artemia cysts. IX. Evidence for organization of soluble cytoplasmic enzymes. PMID- 6809401 TI - Measurements of the diffusion of macromolecules injected into the cytoplasm of living cells. PMID- 6809402 TI - Alpha-actinin and vinculin from nonmuscle cells: calcium-sensitive interactions with actin. PMID- 6809403 TI - Vinculin and alpha-actinin: interaction with actin and effect on microfilament network formation. PMID- 6809404 TI - Proteins and complexes that affect actin-filament assembly and interactions. PMID- 6809405 TI - Intracellular and extracellular components involved in the formation of ventral surfaces of fibroblasts. PMID- 6809406 TI - Cytoskeletal targets for viral transforming proteins with tyrosine protein kinase activity. PMID- 6809408 TI - Biosynthesis of type IV and V (alpha A-alpha B) collagens by human placenta. AB - The collagenous proteins synthesized by placenta in organ culture were characterized. Types I and III collagen accounted for about two-thirds of the collagenous protein produced by the tissue while type IV procollagen comprised around 10%. Type IV collagen contained two chains of 185,000 and 175,000 daltons which are genetically distinct from one another as determined by a peptide mapping procedure. The type IV procollagen was identical to that produced by other tissues based on ratios of 3- to 4-hydroxyproline and hydroxyproline to proline, and on the pattern produced upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before and after peptide mapping procedures. About 20% of the collagen resembled type V collagen in the proportions of 3- and 4-hydroxyproline to proline and of hydroxylysine to lysine, in solubility, and in peptide maps. However, it contained disulfide linked chains larger than those found in the type V collagen solubilized by pepsin. Following pepsin treatment, the disulfide bonds were removed and the mobility of the chains of the labeled protein resembled those in type V collagen. It is likely that the disulfide linked protein represents the intact type V collagen molecule. PMID- 6809407 TI - Dysmenorrhea. PMID- 6809409 TI - Nonocollagenous proteins of dentin. Isolation and partial characterization of rat dentin proteins and proteoglycans using a three-step preparative method. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a method for fractionation of dentin proteins and proteoglycans into pools. The sequential procedure consisted of: (1) addition of 1.0 M CaCl2 to solutions of EDTA extracts of rat dentin in the presence of protease inhibitors to form a CaCl2 precipitate (Fraction I), (2) dialysis of the resultant supernatant against 0.1 M formic acid to form an acid precipitate (Fraction II), and (3) passage of the 0.1 M formic acid supernatant over a Sephadex G-50 column to obtain a high molecular weight, excluded peak (Fraction III) and a lower molecular weight, included peak (Fraction IV). Each of the four fractions was characterized by amino acid analysis, slab gel electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Fraction I contained almost exclusively phosphoproteins while Fraction II consisted of several acidic proteins, albumin, proteoglycans and a protein with a relatively low level of organic phosphate. A unique glycoprotein with an apparent Mr = 95,000 was found in Fraction III along with smaller amounts of other proteins, including albumin and a phosphoprotein with a relatively low level of organic phosphate. Fraction IV contained several low molecular weight, gamma carboxyglutamate-containing proteins similar to those found in bone. The data show that the method selectively fractionates the proteins and proteoglycans of rat dentin. Furthermore the method is rapid and allows preparative steps to be performed in the presence of protease inhibitors. This new procedure should be a useful step in the comprehensive isolation of dentin proteins in experiments designed to study their detailed chemical nature and metabolism. PMID- 6809410 TI - The use of 2-dimensional CNBr peptide maps for the analysis of crosslinked peptides in bone collagen. AB - CNBr peptides from insoluble bovine cortical bone collagen were analyzed using a 2-D mapping technique. The major type 1 collagen CNBr peptides were detected by fluorography after general-labelling with 3H-NaBH4 in dimethyl-formamide. These maps were similar to those visualized by coomassie blue staining and demonstrated a proportional decrease of alpha 1CB6. New groups of peptides, different from those normally present in soluble type I collagen were detected. Some of these peptides were slightly larger and more acidic than alpha 1CB6 and were highly labelled when the demineralized bone was specifically labelled for the presence of aldehydes and crosslinks with 3H-NaBH4 in a phosphate buffer, pH 7.4. Based on the size and charge characteristics of these specifically labelled peptides, they were tentatively identified as crosslinking peptides containing different combinations of alpha 1CB6, alpha 1CB0,1 and alpha 1CB5. The specificity of the labelling method using 3H-NaBH4 in phosphate buffer was demonstrated by the detection of other known crosslinked peptides and by the virtual absence of label in alpha 1CB7, CB8, and CB3. We feel that this simple methodological approach developed in these experiments will prove to be very useful in the analysis of collagen crosslinks present in insoluble collagens derived from normal tissues of various ages as well as from pathological states. PMID- 6809411 TI - Human lysyl hydroxylase: purification to homogeneity, partial characterization and comparison of catalytic properties with those of a mutant enzyme from Ehlers Danlos syndrome type VI fibroblasts. AB - Lysyl hydroxylase was isolated as an essentially homogeneous protein from human fetal tissues and as a homogeneous protein from placental tissue by a procedure involving ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-agarose, affinity chromatography on collagen linked to agarose and gel filtration. The specific activity of the best enzyme preparations from human fetal tissues was about 80,000 times, and from human placenta about 63,000 times that in the 15,000 X g supernatant of the corresponding tissue homogenate. The molecular weight of lysyl hydroxylase from both sources was about 190,000 by gel filtration, and that of the enzyme subunit about 85,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity and molecular properties reported are very similar to those of pure chick-embryo lysyl hydroxylase, and the Km values for type I protocollagen substrate, and synthetic peptide substrate and all the co-substrates of the human placenta enzyme are likewise very similar to those of the chick-embryo enzyme. No difference in the Km values for type I protocollagen or any of the co-substrates was found between the human placenta enzyme and a crude lysyl hydroxylase from the skin fibroblasts of a patient with the type VI variant of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. PMID- 6809413 TI - Immunological characterization of the 7-S domain of type IV collagens. AB - Antisera were raised against the long and short form of mouse and human 7-S collagen and against type IV collagens solubilized by acid extraction or limited digestion with pepsin. All the antisera showed strong binding for 7-S collagen in radioimmunoassays demonstrating that the 7-S domain which serves as a cross linking region of type IV collagen is the most immunogenic portion of the molecule. Cross-reaction studies and analysis of fragments showed a complex antigenic structure including some determinants common to the long and short form of 7-S collagen and others unique for the long form. Purified antibodies against 7-S collagen reacted in indirect immunofluorescence with almost all basement membranes of the body indicating that the 7-S domain is a common structural element of type IV collagens. PMID- 6809412 TI - Fibronectin: its relationship to basement membranes. I. Light microscopic studies. AB - Fibronectin is a large molecular weight glycoprotein which has been shown to be associated with cell surfaces, extracellular fluids, and connective tissues. Its possible relationship with basement membranes remains controversial. To define this relationship, the distribution of this antigen was evaluated by light microscopic immunoperoxidase techniques in kidney, skin, skeletal muscle, gastrointestinal tract and parietal yolk sac carcinoma. In addition, antibodies against basement membrane and interstitial collagen were used as controls of the specificity of this reaction. Any possible cross-reactivity between plasma fibronectin and basement membrane was examined by immunodiffusion, immunoelectrophoresis and ELISA techniques. The results indicate that antibodies to plasma fibronectin do not co-localize with antibodies to basement membrane constituents. Furthermore, by immunodiffusion or ELISA, there was no cross reactivity between plasma fibronectin and anti-basement membrane antibody, nor between basement membrane and anti-plasma fibronectin antibody. We conclude that fibronectin is probably not part of the basement membranes studied. PMID- 6809414 TI - Adsorption of von Willebrand factor by fibrillar collagen--implications concerning the adhesion of platelets to collagen. AB - Von Willebrand factor is adsorbed from plasma by fibrillar collagen in a manner which is dependent upon the time of incubation and collagen concentration. The adsorption does not require divalent cations and is temperature independent. As purified von Willebrand factor is also adsorbed by fibrillar collagen it is unlikely that the adsorption is mediated by other plasma proteins. Denatured collagen has no effect on von Willebrand factor activity and does not inherit the adsorption of the factor by native fibrillar collagen. The adsorbed von Willebrand factor can be eluted from fibrillar collagen with 1M NaCl. The similarities between the adhesion of platelets to collagen and the adsorption of von Willebrand factor by collagen suggest that von Willebrand factor may have a role in collagen-platelet adhesion. The observed inhibition of platelet adhesion to collagen by antiserum to von Willebrand factor is consistent with this hypothesis. PMID- 6809415 TI - Comparative distribution of pepsinogen in the chordate gastric mucosa from representatives of five classes. PMID- 6809416 TI - A pocket calculator program for noninvasive assessment of cardiorespiratory function. AB - A pocket calculator program is described which facilitates rapid evaluation of pulmonary function at rest and during exercise. It embodies the Fick Principle applied to carbon dioxide; mixed venous carbon dioxide tension is measured by rebreathing, obviating the need for central venous or pulmonary artery catheterisation. The program is in two parts, Gas Phase and Blood Phase, which may be used separately. The variables calculated include tidal volume, CO2 production, oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, alveolar ventilation and dead space: tidal volume ratio (Gas Phase); bicarbonate concentration, base excess, veno-arterial CO2 content difference, cardiac output, mixed venous oxygen saturation and pulmonary venous admixture (Blood Phase). Use of the program enables these variables to be calculated rapidly and accurately. Accuracy is improved by the application of equations which correct for alveolar-to-blood tension differences, effects of differing hemoglobin concentrations, arterial oxygen saturations and acid-base abnormalities; these calculations are otherwise very lengthy, time consuming and prone to error. The program allows simple noninvasive measurements to be applied to patients with a wide variety of metabolic, cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities in rest and exercise. PMID- 6809418 TI - Acute massive ischemic bowel injury: another application for home total parenteral nutrition and a reappraisal. PMID- 6809417 TI - Microcomputer-based system for the detection and quantification of petit mal epilepsy. AB - A petit mal seizure detector totally implemented in a 16 bit microcomputer and capable of analyzing on-line at least one channel of EEG data is described. The system uses the repetition period of the wave complexes as the primary parameter for the detection and performs well in clinically significant seizures. Besides characterizing the paroxysms in duration and time of occurrence, the system also evaluates on-line the mean values and variances of the detection parameters, yielding more quantitative information about the seizure data than previously described systems. PMID- 6809419 TI - Global distribution of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) Centers for Disease Control H.E.W., Public Health Service, Atlanta, GA. PMID- 6809420 TI - Clinical performance of a new levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device. A randomized comparison with a nova-T-copper device. AB - The clinical performance of two levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine devices (IUDs) with different release rates was studied and compared with a copper releasing Nova-T device in a randomized partly double-blind multiclinical trial. Special attention was given to patterns of bleeding, hormonal side-effects, blood pressure and body weight. The clinical acceptability of the levonorgestrel IUDs was as good as that of the copper-releasing IUD. A highly significant decrease in the amount of menstrual blood loss was seen with the levonorgestrel-IUDs, the users of which experienced fewer days of bleeding than prior to insertion. Patients suffering from dysmenorrhea experienced relief from this symptom after insertion of a levonorgestrel-IUD. Some side-effects, usually referred to as hormonal, increased during the levonorgestrel-IUD use, but did not result in higher termination rates than with the Nova-T device. No changes in body weight were recorded for the levonorgestrel-IUDs and a slight decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was found after one year of use. No infections were recorded. PMID- 6809421 TI - Long-term intracervical contraception with a levonorgestrel device. AB - An intracervical levonorgestrel-releasing mini-T device was tried as contraceptive in 100 fertile multiparous women for 3 years. This device release about 10 micrograms/day. The results were compared with those of an intrauterine levonorgestrel device and copper-T-200 (Cu-T-200). The continuation rates of the three device did not reveal any significant differences at 1, 2 and 3 years. Incidence of unintended pregnancies and removals due to bleeding and pain was comparable to those of Cu-T-200 but higher than those of intrauterine levonorgestrel device. The number of days of bleeding and spotting for both levonorgestrel devices was significantly lower than those for Cu-T-200. PMID- 6809422 TI - Clinical and immunological responses with Pr- beta-hCG-TT vaccine. AB - Six different batches of Pr-beta-hCG-TT vaccine have been evaluated in 23 women for the antibody response. The anti-sera formed against these conjugates were capable of reacting immunologically with the whole hCG in radioimmunoassays and also neutralized the biological activity of hCG in radioreceptor assays. The antibody titres attained peak levels 4-6 months after the first injection. The peak titres could not be sustained and most of the subjects showed a spiky pattern. One subject was considered as non-respective, two others had fairly low titres. Amongst the conjugates tested, batch 108 with SPLPS (sodium pthalate denatured with lipo-polysaccharides from S. entritides) seemed more promising, but the addition of the adjuvant was found to be pyrogenic and unlikely to be accepted clinically. PMID- 6809423 TI - A five-year clinical trial of levonorgestrel silastic implants (Norplant TM). AB - Silastic implants containing the progestin, levonorgestrel, were tested as a long term contraceptive system in 101 women. During five full years of use, no pregnancies occurred. The 5-year continuation rate was 54%. Menstrual irregularities were the most frequent reason for termination of use but only during the first year. More than half of the terminations for this reason were in the first year. Some of the subjects elected to continue use of the implants beyond 5 years, allowing release rate data to be obtained through 6 years. From the second through the sixth year of use, the implants delivered a constant 30 micrograms per day of levonorgestrel to the subjects, and even after six years 57% of the original steroid content remained in the capsules. Return of fertility following removal was essentially immediate and not related to time of use. Medical reasons for removal were infrequent and no pattern was discernible. PMID- 6809424 TI - The effect of norethisterone (500 mcg) and ethinyl estradiol (35 mcg) capsules on the pituitary-ovarian axis. PMID- 6809425 TI - Characteristics of ammoniagenesis and gluconeogenesis by the diabetic kidney. In vitro studies in the rat. PMID- 6809426 TI - Critical care tomorrow: economics and challenges. PMID- 6809427 TI - Effect of cryosurgery of the prostate in serum gonadotropin levels in prostatic cancer. AB - Pituitary gland response to releasing hormone using the LH-RH loading test before and 4 weeks after cryosurgery of the prostate was investigated in eight patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. In pre- and postoperative comparisons of all patients, there were no significant differences detected before and after surgery. But pituitary response to the releasing hormone was compared before and after the surgery in each of the patients; in one, depression and facilitation of FSH and LH secretion, respectively, were observed and there was a variation in the response of gonadotropin in each patient. Although the number of observable patients is still too low to draw any definite conclusions from the test results, one possible interpretation is that cryosurgery of the prostate may influence hormonal secretion from the pituitary gland. PMID- 6809428 TI - The effects of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid on the electroretinogram: evidence for functional cyclooxygenase activity in the retina. AB - The effects of intravitreally injected prostaglandins (PGs) and arachidonic acid (AA) on the electrical activity of the retina were studied by monitoring the electroretinogram (ERG) of rabbits. In normal rabbits, intravitreal injection of PGE1, PGE2, or AA caused a gradual depression of b-wave amplitude as measured either in low (2 lux) or normal (300 lux) background illumination: up to 45% depression was observed within 1 hr and no recovery was noted during 4 hr of monitoring. The depression of the b-wave amplitude after the intravitreal injection of AA and PGs was similar in time course. Bromcresol green, an inhibitor of PG transport, significantly potentiated the effects of low doses of PGE1 and PGE2 and, to a lesser extent, that of AA. Indomethacin, a known inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity, prevented the AA-induced, but not the PG induced depression of the b-wave amplitude. It is concluded that PGs can have a direct effect on the retina and that this region of the eye contains sufficient cyclooxygenase activity to produce pathophysiologically significant amounts of PGs and/or related autacoids. PMID- 6809429 TI - Systemic mastocytosis. PMID- 6809430 TI - Hypothalamo-pituitary function in four cases of true precocious puberty. PMID- 6809431 TI - Growth and hormonal status of children treated for brain tumours. AB - The adult survivors of the treatment of brain tumours in childhood are often short. Several adverse factors contribute to the impaired growth of these children including growth hormone (GH) deficiency, impaired spinal growth following spinal irradiation, chemotherapy, poor nutritional intake and recurrent tumour. The GH deficiency is due to radiation-induced damage to the hypothalamic pituitary axis. GH is always the first pituitary hormone to be affected by such radiation damage but panhypopituitarism may occur if the radiation dose is sufficiently great. Preliminary results suggest that GH therapy will improve the growth rate of children with radiation-induced GH deficiency. Additional endocrine complications, which may occur following spinal irradiation, include thyroid dysfunction and ovarian failure due to direct radiation damage to the thyroid and the ovary. PMID- 6809432 TI - [The use of radioimmunoassay of serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in gynecology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809433 TI - [Treatment of oral tumors with CO2 laser (report of 90 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809434 TI - Esophageal manometry: a benefit and cost analysis. AB - Esophageal manometric study has gained tremendous popularity over the past decade. However, the contribution of this diagnostic technology has not been critically evaluated. The purpose of this report is, therefore, to determine how frequently esophageal manometry alters the clinical diagnosis and treatment and to assess the cost of new information. The patients reviewed in this report consisted of 363 consecutive referrals. Each completed a questionnaire, had an esophagogram, and underwent an esophageal manometric study for the evaluation of dysphagia, heartburn, and/or chest pain of unexplained etiology. To determine the clinical contribution of manometry, diagnoses before and after the study were compared. On the basis of symptoms and radiologic data, specific clinical entities were diagnosed in 36 patients. Manometric study did not confirm the diagnosis of achalasia in four of the 27 patients referred with this diagnosis and resulted in 19 additional specific diagnoses. Manometry changed the course of treatment in 14 cases, eight additional patients with achalasia received treatment, and four false-positive patients were spared inappropriate treatment. Moreover, two patients with simultaneous esophageal motor disorder and chest pain were spared further investigation. It is concluded that esophageal manometry altered the clinical diagnosis in 6% and changed the course of treatment in 4% of the population studied. Esophageal manometry is beneficial in patients with chest pain, dysphagia, and those in whom diagnosis of achalasia is suspected, but is of little benefit in patients with chronic heartburn. Assuming the cost per study to be +250, the cost of the study was +3945 per alteration of diagnosis and +6482 per alteration of treatment. PMID- 6809435 TI - Pancreas transplantation. PMID- 6809436 TI - [Sequential cloning method for the linked sites of the Bacillus chromosome]. PMID- 6809437 TI - [Nonhistone chromatin proteins of single- and multicell eukaryote representatives in different functional states]. PMID- 6809439 TI - [Adenylate cyclase from a phototrophic organism]. PMID- 6809438 TI - [Insertion of foreign functioning genes into bacterial chromosome: the construction of a hybrid molecule capable of recombination with Bacillus subtilis DNA from plasmid pBD 12 and phage phi 105 DNA]. PMID- 6809440 TI - Behavioral management concepts with application for home parenteral nutrition patients. AB - The concept of symptom-avoidance behavior is discussed, with particular reference to home intravenous hyperalimentation (HIVH) patients. Symptom-avoidance behavior is explained as a combination of a health behavior model and an expectancy motivational theory leading to a basic outcome, which is satisfactorily avoiding the onset of symptoms. A systematic behavioral assessment method is presented, based on anecdotal cases; it is experimental in nature and can serve as a guide for practitioners who wish to initiate HIVH. PMID- 6809441 TI - Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. PMID- 6809443 TI - [Local treatment of allergic conjunctivitis]. PMID- 6809442 TI - [The effect of anti-arrhythmic drugs on myocardial function (author's transl)]. AB - In a randomized study the influence of anti-arrhythmic drugs on left ventricular myocardial function was tested. Propafenon, mexiletine, tocainide, disopyramide or placebo were given over seven days on top of basic treatment with digitalis, diuretics and nitrates. Propafenon, mexiletine, tocainide and disopyramide had negative inotropic effects of 16, 17, 19 to maximally 30%, respectively. Echocardiography was especially suitable for serial assessment of left ventricular failure. Propafenon, mexiletine and tocainide are the anti-arrhythmic drugs of choice in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. However, the at times marked decrease in contractility must be taken into account when the decision is made whether a given arrhythmia requires treatment or not. PMID- 6809444 TI - Biological markers of melancholia and reclassification of depressive disorders. AB - Pathophysiological markers of melancholia are being developed in four major areas: 1) neuroendocrine; 2) sleep; 3) psychomotor and 4) biochemical. Neuroendocrine markers include a failure of suppress plasma cortisol secretion in the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), diminished thyrotrophin (TSH) response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH stimulation test), and blunted growth hormone response to a variety of stimulating agents such as d-amphetamine, methylamphetamine, clonidine, L-dopa and insulin (growth hormone test). Of these, the DST is the best standardized. It is a highly specific laboratory marker with documented value in diagnosis, assessing prognosis and monitoring treatment progress. Sleep EEG abnormalities include reduced REM latency, increased REM density, reduction in delta sleep and impaired sleep efficiency. Sleep EEGs are pragmatically difficult, but results are quite specific. Elongated speech pause time (SPT) during "automatic speech" is a promising marker of psychomotor regulation. This simple, non-invasive measure may have special value in reducing clinical subjectivity and in monitoring treatment progress. Biochemical markers include: 1) platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity; 2) in vitro lithium RBC transport and 3) urinary MHPG levels. Standardizations of biochemical tests are still lacking. Most biological tests for melancholia operate by indirectly "marking" CNS limbic system dysfunction. For wide acceptance, a test must be safe, moderately sensitive, highly specific, practical, relatively inexpensive and not significantly altered by common anti-depressant treatments. The DST best meets these criteria at this time. Proper utilization of test results requires knowledge of baseline prevalence rates and of the concepts of sensitivity (true positive rate), specificity (true negative rate) and positive and negative predictive values (diagnostic confidence). No single marker will meet all clinical needs. Combinations or serial use of tests will hopefully enhance their already considerable usefulness. PMID- 6809445 TI - Neuroendocrine abnormalities in affective disorders. AB - The authors review neuroendocrine abnormalities in depression, and present data on the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test in unipolar depression. Sixty of 105 patients who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for major unipolar depression had a blunted thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) response to TRH as defined as by delta TSH less than 7.0 micro IU/ml. Only 4 of 40 patients with non-major depression and 0 of 20 normal controls had a blunted TSH response to TRH by this criteria. Of 50 unipolar patients administered both the TRH test and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST), 34% were identified by the TRH test only, 20% by the DST only, 30% by either test, and 15 by neither test. The TRH test and DST seem to be complementary in the neuroendocrine evaluation of the patient with possible unipolar depression. The TRH test along with other neuroendocrine tests may be of help to the clinician in the diagnosis of depression and in treatment planning. PMID- 6809446 TI - Control of aromatase activity in luteal and ovarian nonluteal tissue of pregnant rats. PMID- 6809447 TI - Anterior pituitary gland secretion after forebrain ablation: periovulatory gonadotropin release. AB - We sought to determine whether the estrous phase of FSH release in cyclic female rats is dependent on the immediate presence of the diencephalon. A piece of forebrain, the diencephalon and part of the telencephalon, was surgically removed from female rats between 1130--1300 or 2000-2200 h on proestrus. Blood was withdrawn through indwelling venous cannulae during the afternoon and evening of proestrus and the early morning of estrus for RIA of plasma LH, FSH, and PRL concentrations. In rats sham operated at either time period, plasma LH, FSH, and PRL levels rose from 1345 to 1800 h on proestrus. Whereas the plasma LH and PRL concentrations fell from 1800 h on proestrus to 0300 h on estrus, the plasma FSH concentrations remained elevated during this period. The removal of the piece of forebrain around noon on proestrus blocked the rises in the plasma LH and FSH levels and caused high plasma PRL concentrations from 1345 h on proestrus to 0300 h on estrus. The removal of the piece of forebrain during the evening of proestrus did not interfere with the fall in plasma LH concentrations or the maintenance of elevated plasma FSH concentrations during either late proestrus or the early morning estrus, but did cause high plasma PRL levels during that time interval. Hypophysectomy combined with removal of the forebrain piece during the evening of proestrus resulted in a drop in plasma FSH and PRL concentrations. The results confirm that in the rat, 1) the prosencephalon plays an acute stimulatory role n causing the preovulatory LH surge and the proestrous phase of FSH release, 2) the prosencephalon exerts effects during the afternoon and/or early evening of proestrus that cause the estrous phase of FSH release, and 3) the estrous phase of FSH release occurs in the absence of acute diencephalic stimulation. PMID- 6809448 TI - Pineal is required for testicular maintenance in the turkish hamster (mesocricetus brandti). AB - The effect of pinealectomy on reproductive function was examined in the Turkish hamster, Mesocricetus brandti. Pinealectomy resulted in testicular regression in this species. This result was unexpected since pinealectomy prevents short day induced regression of the gonads in the closely related Syrian hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia and exposure to continuous illumination also caused testicular regression in the Turkish hamster. These manipulations are believed to block pineal melatonin synthesis. In each case (i.e. pinealectomy, decentralization of the superior cervical ganglia, exposure to continuous illumination), the testes regressed after approximately 3--9 weeks and underwent recrudescence after approximately 16 -28 weeks. This cycle of testicular regression and recrudescence was similar to that observed in Turkish hamsters exposed to a short day photoperiod. In further experiments, the effects of exogenous melatonin were studied in Turkish and Syrian hamsters. The results of these studies suggest that, in Turkish hamsters, pineal melatonin may be involved in both the maintenance of testis function during exposure to a long day photoperiod and also in the suppression of reproductive function in short days. This is in contrast to the Syrian hamster, in which melatonin appears to be important only for inhibition of gonadal function in short days. PMID- 6809449 TI - Serum testosterone and gonadotropins in the genetically obese male Zucker rat. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone, LH, and FSH were measured in obese and lean male Zucker rats 1--6 months of age. The serum concentrations of testosterone were lower in the 2-, 3-, and 4-month-old obese rats than in their lean controls. There was no correlation between fertility and serum testosterone concentration in the obese ras. Serum LH and FSH concentrations were normal, as was the response of the obese rats to LHRH stimulation. Testes morphology differed between the obese and the lean rats. Although the Leydig cells of the obese rat testes were hypertrophied, they contained numerous fat droplets and few signs of active hormone synthesis. These data suggest that the obese male Zucker rat has a defect in testicular testosterone production but has a normal pituitary response to hypothalamic stimulation. PMID- 6809451 TI - High affinity of triiodothyronine (T3) for nonphenolic ring deiodinase and high affinity of tetraiodothyroacetic acid (TETRAC) for phenolic ring deiodinase in cultured monkey hepatocarcinoma cells and in rat liver homogenates. AB - The metabolism of 3, 5-[3'-125I]triiodothyronin (T3) and 3-[3', 5' 125I]triiodothyronine (rT3) was studied in cultured monkey hepatocarcinoma cells (NCLP-6E), and the deiodinations of these iodothyronines were also investigated in cultured cell homogenates and in rat liver homogenates. The metabolites were analyzed by ion exchange column chromatography. For nonphenolic ring deiodination of 3, 5-[3'-125I]triiodothyronine, the order of the inhibitory effect of excess unlabeled iodothyronine or its analog was as follows: 3,3',5-triiodothyroinine greater than triiodothyroacetic acid greater than tetraiodothyroacetic acid greater than thyroxine. This order did not differ between in the intact cells (NCLP-6E) and their homogenates. The order of effectiveness of the excess unlabeled compounds on phenolic ring deiodination of 3-[3', 5' 125I]triiodothyronine in the intact cells was as follows: tetraiodothyroacetic acid greater than triiodothyroacetic acid, 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine greater than thyroxine. This order was the same among monkey hepatocarcinoma cell homogenates, rat hepatoma cell homogenates and rat liver homogenates, and triiodothyroacetic acid was obviously more effective than 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine. It was concluded that 3, 3', 5-triiodothyronine had the highest affinity for nonphenolic ring deiodinase among iodothyronines and their analogs used in the present study and that tetraiodothyroacetic acid and the highest affinity for phenolic ring deiodinase. It seems, therefore, that the metabolites derived from the thyroid hormones might contribute to deiodinations which involve activation and inactivation of the hormones. PMID- 6809450 TI - Steroidogenesis of cultured granulosa cells from normal and polycystic ovaries: differences in responsiveness to luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. PMID- 6809452 TI - Effect of AA560 (a nonsteroidal antiandrogen) implantation in the hypothalamus on gonadotropin secretion in male rats. PMID- 6809453 TI - Hormonal contributions to the recruitment of follicular development following ovarian wedge resection in polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 6809455 TI - Hyperalimentation in treatment of anorexia nervosa. AB - Ten patients with anorexia nervosa were treated with intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH) and/or psychotherapy. The five patients were treated with both IVH and psychotherapy. The five patients were treated with both IVH and psychotherapy. Their body weight rose from 66 +/- 3% (mean +/- SE) to 78 +/- 6% of their ideal weight during hospitalization, and then to 91 +/- 5% during ambulatory observation for a period of 6 to 36 months. Another group of 5 patients were treated only with psychotherapy. Their body weight increased 69 +/- 3% to 73 +/- 1% of their ideal weight during hospitalization, and then to 78 +/- 1% during during the observation period at the out-patient department during a period of 6 to 48 months. The former group gained more weight than the latter group during hospitalization (P less than 0.025) and during ambulatory observation (P less than 0.025), respectively. These results suggest that IVH is one effective remedy for anorexia nervosa and that good results can be expected from IVH and psychotherapy used in combination. PMID- 6809456 TI - Paths of hydrophilic solute flow across excised bullfrog lung. AB - The rate of permeation of radiolabeled glycerol, Cl-, urea, Na+, choline, mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, cyancobalamin, and inulin across the alveolar epithelium of the excised short-circuited bullfrog lung was measured. In addition, the flows of cyancobalamin, angiotensin I, and human calcitonin were estimated by radioimmunoassay. In general, the flow of most solutes was compatible with passive permeation through aqueous channels but estimates of equivalent pore radius were hampered by contamination of tritiated and C-labeled solutes by small radioactive breakdown products. The more rapid permeation of fragments spuriously raised the apparent permeability coefficient of the larger parent compound and, usually, the estimate of the pore radius, Other limitations of the evaluation of equivalent pore radius from relative rates of probe molecule flow across excised epithelia are discussed. The most reliable data can be accounted for by a single population of pores of 1.1 nm radius, a value that lies within the range suggested for the adult mammalian lung. PMID- 6809454 TI - Effect of prolactin antiserum on growth and resorption of tadpole tail. AB - Rabbit antiserum to bullfrog prolactin(A/S) or normal rabbit serum(NRS) was administrated to premetamorphic bullfrog larvae. Collagen synthesis in the tail fin was not affected by A/S. However, the enhancement of collagen synthesis induced by pimozide treatment was completely blocked by A/S. Premetamorphic tadpoles kept in 3 x 10(-8) M thyroxine received A/S or NRS. A/S accelerated tail resorption. The results indicate that the endogenous prolactin is acting as an antimetamorphic hormone, although it is not certain that normally circulating level of prolactin contributes to promoting the growth of the tail fin in larval bullfrogs. PMID- 6809457 TI - Arterial blood gas values in horses with laryngeal paralysis. PMID- 6809459 TI - Species specificity of promoter recognition by RNA polymerase and its transfer by the sigma factor. AB - RNA polymerase holoenzyme from Micrococcus luteus synthesizes in vitro a run-off transcript of 85 nucleotides from a DNA fragment containing part of gene E of bacteriophage phi X174. This RNA starts with GTP as the 5' terminus 18 nucleotides downstream from the start of gene E on the viral (+)strand. Transcription does not occur when the fragment is cleaved 36 nucleotides upstream of the initiation site. No transcript is obtained with RNA polymerase core or holoenzyme from Escherichia coli. Other DNA fragments containing the three major E. coli promoters of phi X174 are transcribed by both enzymes although much less efficiently by M. luteus RNA polymerase. When subunit sigma in E. coli RNA polymerase is replaced by sigma from M. luteus the resulting hybrid enzyme actively transcribes the DNA fragment containing the inner region of gene D with formation of the same run-off transcript which is obtained with M. luteus holoenzyme. In the presence of sigma from E. coli this RNA is not synthesized. The hybrid enzyme also transcribes a DNA fragment containing the gene A promoter of phi X174 with even higher efficiency than RNA polymerase holoenzyme from E. coli. PMID- 6809458 TI - The consistency of cardiac output measurement (CO2 rebreathe) in children during exercise. AB - Exercise cardiac output (Q) was determined using the CO2 rebreathing equilibrium method. Five repeat tests in 12 boys and two tests over a 4 month interval in 47 boys were performed. Regression equations to predict Q from VO2 were in close agreement with dye dilution studies in boys (Eriksson and Koch 1973). Group mean data were reproducible from trial to trial. The day-to-day variability of Q, with a coefficient of variation of 7-8%, was found to be higher than when the CO2 method has been applied in adults. This greater variability was related, in part, to a larger biological variation in children as depicted in such relatively simple measures as submaximal exercise heart rate. The larger variability was also related to inaccuracies in the methods of PaCO2 estimation in children. Estimation from end-tidal CO2 concentrations requires further research to establish a correction for the alveolar-arterial gradient during exercise in children. Estimation of the child's dead space in exercise, with subsequent derivation of PaCO2 from the Bohr equation, also could be improved. Nevertheless, Q estimates in children exercising above VO2 1.01 X min-1 showed a day-to-day and long term stability acceptable for use in research and clinical studies. PMID- 6809460 TI - Characterization of monofunctional chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase enzymes obtained via mutagenesis of recombinant plasmids in vitro. AB - Mutagenesis in vitro has been used to obtain mutant forms of the bifunctional enzyme, chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydrogenase. Plasmid DNA containing the genes that code for the enzyme was treated with hydroxylamine and the resulting products were used to transform strains of Escherichia coli. Two types of mutant were isolated. One contained enzyme which was mutase-positive, dehydrogenase negative while the other did not exhibit either activity. Kinetic and physical analysis of one of the purified monofunctional enzymes showed that the loss of dehydrogenase activity was due to modification of the binding site for NAD. The results open the way for molecular studies of structure-function relationships with this bifunctional enzyme. PMID- 6809461 TI - Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase from mouse mastocytoma P815. A simple purification and general properties. AB - Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase was purified 880-fold with a 48% yield from mouse mastocytoma cells (P815) by only a one-step purification procedure of pteridine affinity chromatography. The specific activity of the final preparation was 5280 nmol min-1 mg-1. It gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence and presence of sodium dodecylsulfate. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 270,000 by gel filtration and 280,000 by gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the enzyme to be composed of identical subunits with a molecular weight of 53,000. Tetrameric structure of the enzyme was suggested by cross-linking studies using dimethyl suberimidate as a bifunctional reagent. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was estimated to be 6.0. Amino acid analysis showed a residue composition similar to that reported for rat liver phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase. The enzyme activity was stimulated approximately fivefold by preincubation with dithiothreitol and Fe2+. The purified enzyme had an activity of phenylalanine hydroxylation and also a weak activity of tyrosine hydroxylation. The kinetic properties of the enzyme are also presented. PMID- 6809462 TI - Rates of flux through the pentose cycle in perfused rat liver. A procedure for the calculation of rates of substrate flux from 14CO2 production from [1 14C]glucose. AB - A method for the determination of substrate flux through the pentose cycle was developed employing [1-14C]glucose in experiments with perfused rat livers. The method consists first of a kinetic analysis which differentiates between the production of 14CO2 from [1-14C]glucose via the pentose cycle and via the citrate cycle and, second of a calculation of the specific radioactivity of the hexose monophosphate pool from measured rates of glycolysis and the specific radioactivity of lactate released into the perfusate. The method was validated by experiments comparing the results of tracer infusions with [1-14C]glucose, [6 14C]glucose and [3-14C]pyruvate. In livers from fed rats perfused with 10 mM glucose, the rate of substrate flux through the pentose cycle was around 0.2 mumol X min-1 X g-1; it was about 20% of the substrate flux via glycolysis. The kinetic data were inconsistent with the existence of an L-type pentose cycle in liver. PMID- 6809463 TI - Somatic antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of the O-specific polysaccharide chains of Ps.aeruginosa O:2 (Lanyi) lipopolysaccharides. AB - Structural and immunochemical studies have been performed on the O-specific antigens of two serologically related types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa O:2a,b and O:2a,c (Lanyi's classification). The O-specific polysaccharide chains of the two serotypes were shown to be acidic polysaccharides composed of repeating trisaccharide units consisting of L-rhamnose, N-acetyl-D-quinovosamine and N acetyl-L-galactosaminuronic acid residues. Based on 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, data of methylation analysis and selective solvolysis with hydrogen fluoride, the repeating unit of the O:2a,c O-specific polysaccharide was assigned the following structure: leads to 4)LGalNAcA(alpha1 leads to 3)DQuiNAc(alpha1 leads to 3) LRha(alpha1, where GalNAcA = N acetylgalactosaminuronic acid, QuiNAc = N-acetylquinovosamine and Rha = rhamnose. The O:2a,b O-specific polysaccharide had the same structure of the trisaccharide repeating unit but was distinguished by the presence of O-acetyl groups on 70-80% of the rhamnose residues in position 2. The O-acetyl groups were located both by methylation with methyltrifluoromethane sulphonate and by comparison of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the native and O-deacetylated polysaccharides. Serological studies revealed the determinant role of the O acetyl groups in the O-antigen O:2a,b and suggested the O-factor 2b to be related to the 2-O-acetyl-L-rhamnose residue, whereas the O-factor 2c was probably determined by the nonacetylated rhamnose residue. The dominant moiety of the determinant 2a common to the two antigens was obviously presented by the N-acetyl L-galactosaminuronic acid residue. PMID- 6809464 TI - Somatic Antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The structure of the polysaccharide chain of Ps.aeruginosa O:6 (Lanyi) lipopolysaccharide. AB - An O-antigenic lipopolysaccharide, manifesting a high serological activity in the reaction of passive haemagglutination and its inhibition, was isolated from Pseudomonas aeruginosa O:6 cells (Lanyi). Splitting-off of the lipid component by mild acid hydrolysis resulted in the polysaccharide deprived of O-specific activity. The polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide was made up exclusively of the residues of amino sugars, among which have been identified: 2 acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (GalNAc), 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (QuiNAc), 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-galactose (FucNAc) as well as 2,3-diacetamido 2,3-dideoxy-D-glucuronic acid [Glc(NAc)2A] found naturally for the first time. The principal methods of establishing the polysaccharide structure were 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, methylation analysis and solvolysis with hydrogen fluoride. Depending on solvolysis conditions, a disaccharide or a trisaccharide containing the diacetamidouronic acid residue was formed. From the results obtained it followed that the polysaccharide chain of the O-antigenic Ps. aeruginosa O:6 lipopolysaccharide represents an acidic hexasaminoglycan constructed of the repeating tetrasaccharide units of the following structure: leads to 4)DGalNAc(alpha 1 leads to 4)DGlc(NAc)2A(beta 1 leads to 3)DFucNAc(alpha 1 leads to 3)DQuiNAc(alpha 1 leads to. PMID- 6809465 TI - Malignant hypertension and oral contraceptives: four cases, with two due to the 30 micrograms oestrogen pill. PMID- 6809466 TI - Comparative evaluation of red cell-labeling parameters of three lipid-soluble- 111In-chelates: effect of lipid solubility on membrane incorporation and stability constant on transchelation. AB - A rabbit red cell model was used to determine the cell labeling properties of three lipid-soluble 111In-complexes: 111In-oxine, 111In-acetylacetone, and 111In tropolone. Partition coefficients (olive oil/buffer) were measured to determine the lipid solubility and were 3.54, 7.93, and 18.18 for 111In-oxine, 111In acetylacetone, and 111In-tropolone respectively. The effect of the concentration of these three chelating agents on labeling efficiencies was studied. The factors influencing the labeling efficiencies of these complexes such as cell density, time of incubation, influence of temperature, pH, effect of plasma proteins, and citrate ion concentration in the cell-labeling medium were studied. Labeling yields as high as 95.15 +/- 4.15% were achieved with 111In-tropolone after a 10 min incubation at 37 degrees C. The optimum pH for cell labeling was 6.5. Excess citrate ion (greater than 3.02 mg/ml) and small amounts of plasma proteins (greater than 10 microliter/ml) decreased the labeling efficiencies in all three cases. Distribution of these 111In-complexes in membrane, membrane fragments, and hemoglobin was studied after hemolysis. In spite of the higher lipid solubility of 111In-tropolone, the transchelation capacity appears to be similar to that of 111In-oxine. 111In-acetylacetone had the highest transchelation capacity. PMID- 6809467 TI - Factors controlling the intrasplenic transit of platelets. AB - The kinetics of 111In platelets have been investigated in human subjects using a gamma camera and computer system. Time activity curves were recorded over the spleen, chest and liver, following intravenous bolus injection of autologous radio-labelled platelets. Splenic blood flow expressed as the percentage of total blood volume entering the spleen in unit time, and intrasplenic platelet transit time were calculated from the time activity curves. Spleen size was recorded from the camera images. Splenic blood flow increased with increasing spleen size (r = 0.56, P less than 0.001). Platelet transit time showed an inverse relationship with a semi-quantitative estimate of splenic perfusion (i.e. splenic blood flow per unit volume spleen; r = 0.64, P less than 0.001) but was not related to spleen size. At high rates of estimated splenic perfusion transit time appeared to reach a minimum value of about 7 min, whereas at low rates of estimated perfusion, transit time rose sharply to reach levels greater than 20 min. The effect of polycythaemia, taken to indicate high intrasplenic haematocrit on platelet transit time, was also investigated. Patients with secondary polycythaemia had elevated transit times (19 min SEM 1.6, n = 10) compared with primary polycythaemia (9.7 min SEM 0.8, n = 5) and normals (9.6 min SEM 0.5, n = 5). It was concluded that splenic perfusion was important in determining the duration of platelet transit. PMID- 6809469 TI - Serum thyroglobulin and its autoantibody following subtotal thyroid resection of Graves' disease. AB - Thyroid surgery leads to marked changes of the levels of serum thyroglobulin and its autoantibodies in the subsequent 3 postoperative weeks. Furthermore in Graves' disease progression of exophthalmos has sometimes been seen following thyroidectomy. Nineteen medically pretreated patients with Graves' disease and no signs of exophthalmos were studied systematically up to 6 months postoperatively. Nine patients had thyroglobulin antibodies. Mean values rose to 3.5 times pretreatment values within 2 months (P less than 0.001) followed by a gradual fall below pretreatment level after 6 months. None of the antibody negative patients reverted to positive or vice versa. Serum thyroglobulin (n = 10) was elevated preoperatively (mean 309 micrograms/l, SD 251), their values being normalized within 1-2 months (mean 19.4 micrograms/l, SD 7.3). The preoperative serum thyroglobulin correlated to the weight of the removed thyroid tissue (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01). Three patients showed elevated thyroid stimulating hormone after 1 month. Of these, two developed myxoedema, the third remained euthyroid with persistently elevated serum thyroglobulin. None showed recurrence or developed exophthalmos within the period of observation. In spite of rising levels of thyroglobulin antibodies in all patients with antibodies none developed exophthalmos and only one patient with thyroglobulin antibodies had clinical myxoedema. PMID- 6809468 TI - Elimination of infused amino acids from plasma of control subjects and of patients with cirrhosis of the liver. AB - In four control subjects and four patients with cirrhosis of the liver a multiple amino acid mixture was infused for 12 h at a constant rate of 68 and 56 mumol alpha-amino N/s, respectively. Before infusion the plasma amino N concentration was 2.4 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- SD) mmol/l in control subjects and 3.5 +/- 0.7 mmol/in patients (P less than 0.025). The concentration of alanine, proline, arginine, tyrosine, and citrulline was significantly increased in the cirrhosis group. 12 h after the infusion began approximately constant amino N concentrations of 11.4 +/ 1.8 mmol/l in controls and 13.7 +/- 3.9 mmol/l in patients were attained, and the urea N synthesis rate was 63 +/- 17 and 44 +/- 8 mumol/s, respectively (P less than 0.05). After correction for loss of amino acids in urine this means that on the average 94 per cent of the N load was recovered as urea. The plasma clearance of infused amino acids, calculated as the ratio between infusion rate and steady state concentration, was 6.0 +/- 1.2 and 4.1 +/- 0.9 ml/s for amino N in the control and cirrhosis group, respectively (P less than 0.025). The clearance of individual amino acids ranged between 2.5 and 28 ml/s. The clearance of most amino acids was decreased in the cirrhosis groups, and of glycine, proline, lysine, threonine, and arginine significantly so (P less than 0.05), reflecting accumulation of amino acids in patients. This indicates that a primary defect in the conversion of amino N in cirrhosis is the reduced urea synthesis. PMID- 6809470 TI - Effect of food on antacid neutralizing capacity in man. AB - In order to estimate their in-vivo reactivity two antacids of equal theoretical neutralizing capacity (approximately 3.9 mol/l at pH 3.5) but of different chemical composition were employed as intragastric titrant (pH 3.5) following a liquid protein meal (oxo) in two groups of five volunteers each. The two antacids chosen (alucol and Camalox) contain different amounts of aluminium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and Camalox in addition contains calcium carbonate. The intragastric consumption of these two antacids was much higher than their respective theoretically available neutralizing capacity (Alucol 3.9 times, Camalox 2.4 times). In-vitro studies demonstrated that interaction with oxo reduced the neutralizing capacity of the two antacids at pH 3.5 from 3.9 mol/l to 1.7 mol/l (Alucol) and 2.5 mol/l (Camalox). This potency loss was related to the aluminium hydroxide content of the two antacids. This study indicates that the neutralizing capacity of antacids is not predictable from their reactivity in aqueous solution and is markedly reduced by protein-containing foods. PMID- 6809471 TI - Thromboplastin (factor III) activity in human monocytes induced by immune complexes. AB - Immune complexes induced the synthesis of apoprotein III, the protein component of tissue thromboplastin (tissue factor), in human monocytes cultured in vitro. The response was maximal (11.1 +/- 1.7 fold increase (mean +/- SEM) when immune complexes were formed at antigen/antibody equivalence. Immune complexes formed with the antigen-binding fragments (F(ab')2) of immunoglobulins induced a 4.7 +/- 1.4 fold activity increase, suggesting that another signal mechanism in addition to the Fc-receptor may be involved. PMID- 6809472 TI - Characterization of the collagen types synthesized by human and rat adipocyte precursors in vitro. AB - The types of collagen molecules synthesized by newly confluent rat and human adipocyte precursor cells were studied and compared with those synthesized by fibroblasts in culture. For this the cells were incubated in the presence of [2]3H]L-glycine and [5-3H]L-proline and the newly synthesized radiolabelled collagen produced was purified and analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. This analysis revealed that the ratio of Types I and III collagen produced by four adipocyte precursor cell strains, each of distinct origin, was identical to that found with two different strains of lung fibroblasts. The mean ratio of Type I: Type III collagen in all cases was approximately 3.5:1. Because mature fat cells do not synthesize collagen and the adipocyte precursor cells lose their capacity for collagen synthesis during their post-confluent differentiation in vitro these data provide a biochemical basis to substantiate previous suggestions, based on morphology only, that the adipocyte stem cell is fibroblastic in nature. PMID- 6809474 TI - Effects of haem infusion on biliary secretion of porphyrins, haem and bilirubin in man. AB - Employing a continuous bile collection, we measured the bile secretion of porphyrins, haem (iron protoporphyrin IX regardless of oxidation state) and bilirubin in five healthy subjects. The baseline values for the flow of porphyrins in the bile were: 4.7 +/- 1.9 nmol/h uroporphyrin, 27.3 +/- 3.8 nmol/h coproporphyrin and 39.2 +/- 11.7 nmol/h protoporphyrin. Bile haem flow was 59.7 +/- 12.6 nmol/h, and that of bilirubin 23.8 +/- 8.2 mumol/h. Following haem injection (6.4 mumol/kg) the flow of protoporphyrin but not of the other porphyrins was reduced, and the bile haem flow increased (232 +/- 109.5 nmol/h), while the flow of bilirubin did not increase significantly. A few patients with representative porphyrias showed the expected increase in copro- and protoporphyrin in the bile. The patient with coproporphyria exhibited a bile flow of coproporphyrin of 1470 +/- 133 nmol/h and of protoporphyrin of 334 +/- 29 nmol/h; haem infusion significantly reduced the bile flow of both porphyrins (to 649 +/- 101 for copro- and 215 +/- 36 nmol/for protoporphyrin). The patient with protoporphyria had an increased protoporphyrin flow, yet haem infusion caused no reduction in protoporphyrin flow (106 +/- 7 after v. 81.4 +/- 13 nmol/h before haem). In conclusion, we found that haem and porphyrins are normal constituents of bile, and that injected haem appears in bile. Bile bilirubin did not rise within 12 h after haem infusion a finding which warrants further investigation. PMID- 6809475 TI - Reduced pressor effect of angiotensin II and of noradrenaline in normal man following the oral administration of the calcium-antagonist nifedipine. AB - The pressor response to both angiotensin II (5, 10 and 20 ng kg-1 min-1) and to noradrenaline (50, 100 and 200 ng kg-1 min-1) was reduced (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.005) in six healthy male subjects following the administration of the calcium-antagonist nifedipine (10 mg p.o.). Nifedipine induced a rise in basal plasma noradrenaline concentrations but did not alter the plasma concentrations of adrenaline, dopamine, renin and aldosterone. A slight reduction in the angiotensin II induced rise of plasma aldosterone by nifedipine was observed after the administration of the largest dose of angiotensin II only (P less than 0.05). The reduced responsiveness towards pressor agents following oral nifedipine is in keeping with the known antihypertensive effect of calcium antagonistic drugs and could provide a concept for the effectiveness of these drugs in hypertensive crisis. PMID- 6809473 TI - The individual variation in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide in young normal male subjects. AB - Following a 24 h control period in the ward 80 mg furosemide was injected intravenously to ten young healthy, male volunteers. The serum clearance of furosemide (Cls) was between 140 and 201 ml min-1 and on the average the renal clearance was 60% of Cls. During the initial 30 min period a maximum additional excretion rate of sodium of 3.3 mmol min-1 was reached at an excretion rate of 0.8 mg furosemide min-1. A marked initial drop in creatinine clearance (Clcr) was noted and Clcr(24 h) showed an average decrease of 12% after the drug administration. The serum concentration of potassium was decreased at 1 and 2 h after the injection and of sodium from 2 h and on. The concentration of albumin in serum increased by 3% (P less than 0.05) already after 5 min. After 2 h a maximum increase of 14% was reached. After 8 min diastolic blood pressure was increased by 13% (P less than 0.05), whereas systolic blood pressure reached a significant decrease gradually (7% after 3 h). PMID- 6809476 TI - Influence of low doses of naloxone on pituitary secretion in man. AB - Naloxone 0.8 mg im administered to eight healthy subjects did not affect the serum levels of GH, LH, FSH, PRL, TSH and cortisol. Pretreatment with naloxone 0.8 mg increased TRH-induced TSH and PRL release in six healthy subjects. The same pretreatment caused an enhancement of haloperidol-induced PRL secretion in further other group of six subjects. PMID- 6809478 TI - Enhancement of ovulation in the rat by DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - Spontaneously cycling Sprague-Dawley Rats were treated with the irreversible ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) on the day of proestrus. This treatment completely suppressed both the rise in ovarian ODC and the associated increase in putrescine concentration and increased the number of eggs released the next day by 91%. At the next oestrus (5 days after DFMO) there was a increase of 53% but at the third oestrus after DFMO (9 days) there was no significant change in the number of eggs released. A model is proposed in which ornithine decarboxylase forms part of a local inhibitory feed back system controlling the number of follicles which develop to maturity and rupture during each cycle. PMID- 6809477 TI - Pinazepam: a precursor of N-desmethyldiazepam. AB - The plasma profile of a single oral dose of pinazepam 10 mg was studied in 6 healthy male volunteers, aged 26 to 31 years. The concentrations of the parent compound and of its metabolite in plasma were measured by gas-chromatography. The peak plasma levels of pinazepam was 36.8 +/- 5.1 ng/ml and of N-desmethyldiazepam 150 +/- 13.3 ng/ml. The plasma concentration of the metabolite become higher than that of the parent compound shortly after administration, suggesting that pinazepam acts as a prodrug. PMID- 6809479 TI - Electrophysiologic effects of encainide on acutely ischemic rabbit myocardial cells. AB - The electrophysiologic effects of encainide were determined in normal and acutely ischemic (30 min) rabbit ventricular muscle cells. Encainide (10(-6), 5 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) had no effect on resting potential (RP); 10(-6) M encainide reduced overshoot and action potential (AP) amplitude of cells in normal left ventricles and cells in normal areas of ischemic ventricles. Encainide, 5 X 10(-6) M and 10( 5) M, depressed Vmax and prolonged AP duration of normal cells. Surviving cells within ischemic areas displayed AP with reduced RP, overshoot, AP amplitude, Vmax and shortened AP duration. All encainide concentrations reduced overshoot, AP amplitude and Vmax of depressed AP. Encainide's lengthening of AP duration was greater in cells within ischemic areas than in surrounding normal cells. Encainide (10(-6) M) prolonged effective refractory period and often blocked AP in ischemic cells. Encainide also caused depression in membrane responsiveness. Encainide's differential effect upon AP may significantly contribute to its antiarrhythmic activity in ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6809480 TI - Accelerated aging of fasted Drosophila. Preservation of physiological function and cellular fine structure by thiazolidine carboxylic acid (TCA). AB - Thiazolidine carboxylic acid (TCA) is a natural liver metabolite whose Mg-salt increased lifespan of flies and mice (Miquel and Economos, 1979, Exp. Geront. 14: 279). We studied the physiological and cellular fine structural effects of various concentrations of TCA in the food of male Drosophila. Flies on 0.3% TCA at 27 degrees C had a reduced oxygen consumption rate (about 20% less than controls) at 3 wks of age while their mating capacity and speed of mating were preserved; the flies lived in various experiments 20-30% longer than controls. Apparently TCA improved the metabolic efficiency of the flies (possibly from less "waste" of energy due to improved mitochondrial coupling). However, flies on 0.9% TCA had a reduced mating capacity and lifespan (:toxicity) while at 0.1% TCA was ineffective. A similar dose-response relationship was found in young flies treated with TCA for 1 week and then deprived of food and water, a procedure found to induce accelerated physiological aging. TCA at the 0.3% and 0.6% level reduced the speed of development and the size of the enclosed flies. Electron microscopic investigation of wing muscle showed that 0.3% TCA had a protective effect on cellular fine structure. Though in starved controls (40% survivors after 24 hours of starvation) there was a total absence of glycogen granules, and a striking shrinkage and densification of mitochondria, TCA to a large extent protected muscle cells from these effects of starvation. PMID- 6809481 TI - How can Drosophila flies without aldehyde oxidase detoxify acetaldehyde? PMID- 6809482 TI - Genetic variation at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila melanogaster: a third ubiquitous allele. PMID- 6809483 TI - Regulation of ppApp synthesis during sporulation of a conditionally asporogenous rifampin mutant of Bacillus subtilis. PMID- 6809485 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for arginine vasopressin. PMID- 6809486 TI - Inhibitory effects of 1-iodo-3-aminomethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthol (ONO 3122) and prostaglandin H2 on vasopressin-induced osmotic water flow in toad bladder. PMID- 6809484 TI - Regioselectivity in the oxidative deamination of 2-methyl-1,4-diaminobutane catalyzed by diamine oxidases. PMID- 6809487 TI - Effect of physical exercise on the specific activity of carbonic anhydrase isozyme in human erythrocytes. PMID- 6809488 TI - Use of the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, in studies of physiological dependence on benzodiazepines. PMID- 6809489 TI - Mechanisms of coronary vasoconstriction induced by Na arachidonate in experimentally diabetic dogs. PMID- 6809490 TI - Kinetics of transformation of aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin M1 in lactating mouse: an ELISA analysis. AB - A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to study the kinetics of transformation of aflatoxin B1 into aflatoxin M1 in lactating mice. Aflatoxin M1 concentration in the milk samples reached a maximum 30 min after injection of aflatoxin B1 and decreased thereafter. At the maximum time, the levels of aflatoxin M1 in the samples were proportional to the dosages administered. Aflatoxin B1 was also detected in the milk samples but at a lower concentration. PMID- 6809491 TI - Thyroid gland influences the period of hamster circadian oscillations. PMID- 6809492 TI - Effects of a bovine pineal peptidic fraction (E5) on plasma and pituitary levels of LH, FSH ans prolactin. PMID- 6809493 TI - Calcium-dependent release of arachidonic acid from a murine epidermal cell line induced by the tumor promoter TPA or ionophore A 23187: dissection of ionophoretic and phospholipase A2-stimulating activity. PMID- 6809494 TI - 3T3 fibroblasts are stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate to produce thymocyte-activating factors. PMID- 6809495 TI - Characterization of acceptor proteins of human erythrocytes for enzymatically transferred N-acetylgalactosamine. PMID- 6809496 TI - Copper transfer between Neurospora copper metallothionein and type 3 copper apoproteins. PMID- 6809499 TI - Retrospective evaluation of human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin induction of ovulation in galactorrheic and hyperprolactinemic women. AB - A retrospective study on the success of induction of ovulation with human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG) in 267 women was performed. Galactorrheic women had a higher pregnancy rate (55%) than nongalactorrheic women (22%). Galactorrhea was a far better indicator of the success of the treatment than hyperprolactinemia at present. The results obtained may suggest that in "bromocriptine failure" it is not mandatory to lower prolactin levels prior to induction of ovulation with hMG/hCG, and these women may be treated with menotropins alone. PMID- 6809498 TI - Clinical applications of 13CO2 measurements. AB - The metabolism of 13C-labeled substrates to CO2 and the measurement of the appearance of excess 13C in respiratory CO2 can be used as probes for a variety of gastrointestinal and physiological functions as well as estimation of in vivo enzyme levels. These breath tests, being both nonradioactive and noninvasive, are applicable to any population of subjects, and do not require hospitalization of metabolic ward conditions for their use. They are ideally suited for assessment of nutritional status in free-living individuals once they have been validated against known dietary intake conditions. PMID- 6809497 TI - Effect of exercise on protein metabolism in humans as explored with stable isotopes. AB - Exercising for 3.75 h on a treadmill at 50% VO2 max in the fed state induced an increased excretion of 71 mg nitrogen/kg over the 18 h after exercise. However, measurements of the time course of changes in 13CO2 excretion from ingested [1 13C]leucine indicated that all of this increased nitrogen production occurs during the exercise period. Because of the reduced renal clearance and slow turnover of the urea pool, urea excretion lags behind urea production. Measurements of nitrogen flux from the plateau labeling of urinary ammonia achieved by repeated oral doses of 15N-labeled glycine indicated that the nitrogen loss resulted from an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Further studies with [1-13C]leucine indicated that a 2-h treadmill exercise induced an increase in the nitrogen loss from 5.4 to 16 mg . kg-1 . h-1 measured with a primed constant infusion of [1-13C]leucine. This resulted from a fall in whole-body protein synthesis. Glucose given at the rate of 0.88 g . kg-1 . h-1 depressed the rate of whole-body protein degradation and appeared to suppress the exercise-induced increase in nitrogen excretion. When leucine oxidation rates were measured at increasing work rates, a linear relationship between percentage of VO2 max and leucine oxidation was observed up to 89% VO2 max when 54% of the flux of leucine was oxidized. These changes may involve nonmuscle as well as muscle tissue. Thus the source of the increased nitrogen losses is probably liver. In muscle, protein degradation is actually decreased judged by methylhistidine excretion, whereas in liver, protein degradation may be increased. Also the fall in whole-body protein synthesis may reflect changes in nonmuscle tissues because in running rats protein synthesis in muscle is maintained. As far as leucine metabolism is concerned, because the increase in leucine oxidation occurs when leucine and its keto acid concentration falls, exercise must specifically activate the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase. PMID- 6809500 TI - Long-term intranasal luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist treatment for contraception in women. AB - Fifty-one female volunteers used a superactive stimulatory luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) analog for suppression of ovulation for 3 to 12 months. The potent LH-RH agonist D-Ser(TBU)6-EA10-LH-RH was administered intranasally once daily in a dose of 400 or 600 micrograms. No pregnancies occurred during the 283 treatment months. Severe bleeding disturbances were not observed during the long-term treatment. No signs of hyperplastic changes were found in endometrial biopsies. There were no serious side effects. Ovulation promptly returned after cessation of treatment even in women with amenorrhea during treatment periods of 1 year or more. Thus, long-term LH-RH agonist treatment proved to be a safe, effective, and rapidly reversible new method for peptide contraception. PMID- 6809502 TI - Compassion vs. cost effectiveness: a plea to faculty. PMID- 6809501 TI - Endocrine profile and semen characteristics in male smokers. PMID- 6809503 TI - [The role of the dopaminergic mechanism in the regulation of pituitary hormone secretion in women (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809504 TI - Beta-Glucosidase: its role in cellulase synthesis and hydrolysis of cellulose. PMID- 6809507 TI - Calcium and calcium ionophore A23187 alter protein synthesis and secretion by acini from rat mammary gland. AB - 1. Acini (alveoli) from lactating rat mammary gland responded to increasing levels of calcium or calcium ionophore A23187 with increased protein synthesis and secretion. 2. Inclusion of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in incubation medium with calcium or calcium ionophore decreased protein synthesis but increased rate of protein secretion . 3. Calcium ionophore increased both rates of calcium uptake by acini and levels of intracellular calcium. 4. These results suggest a relationship between calcium and cyclic AMP in milk protein synthesis and secretion. PMID- 6809506 TI - Reactivation and immunological studies on a Japanese variant of red cell carbonic anhydrase I, CA I Hiroshima. AB - 1. Under certain conditions, CA I HIR-1 (86 Asp leads to Gly) was inactivated in Gnd . HCl more rapidly than normal CA I. 2. After denaturation in 5.0 M Gnd . HCl, CA I HIR-1 was reactivated more slowly than normal CA I. 3. CA I HIR-1 was precipitated by purified anti-CA I antibodies, under certain conditions, more rapidly than normal CA I. PMID- 6809508 TI - Specific acetylation of essential lysine residues in malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. AB - 1. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase from the uropygial gland of goose was inactivated by treatment with low concentrations of acetic anhydride in Tris-acetate buffer. 2. The degree of inactivation depended on the concentration of the reagent and time of incubation. 3. Treatment of the enzyme with [1-14C] acetic anhydride resulted in covalent attachment of the label exclusively to the decarboxylase protomer. 4. Evidence is presented that the label incorporated into the protein was exclusively in N-epsilon-acetyllysine. Graphical analysis suggested that acetylation of about two lysine residues/subunit would be required for complete inactivation of the enzyme. 5. Malonyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA and methylmalonyl-CoA afforded partial protection to the enzyme against inactivation by acetic anhydride. 6. 3'-Dephosphomalonyl-CoA was found to be an alternate substrate for the enzyme with approximately the same Km and V values as for malonyl-CoA. 7. This alternate substrate also partially protected the enzyme from inactivation, whereas adenine nucleotides with 2'-, 3', or 5'-phosphates did not protect the enzyme. 8. These results suggest that a lysine residue acetylated by acetic anhydride is essential for the enzyme activity and that it is probably at or near the active site. The results are consistent with the suggestion that the enzyme is composed of four identical subunits. PMID- 6809505 TI - Biosynthesis of galactinol by lactose synthetase. AB - 1. myo-Inositol was galactosylated by UDP-galactose in the presence of alpha lactalbumin plus rat mammary Golgi membranes enriched in galactosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.22). 2. The isolated product migrated on GLC as two peaks of material, apparently identical to galactinol (galactosylinositol) isolated from rat milk. 3. These findings make it likely that in vivo lactose synthetase is responsible for converting inositol into galactinol within the Golgi lumen. 4. This is consistent with the ability of inositol to penetrate the Golgi membrane in vitro, and renders less likely a previously proposed role of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) in mammary galactinol synthesis. PMID- 6809511 TI - Alterations in the cell cycle of Drosophila imaginal disc cells precede metamorphosis. PMID- 6809510 TI - Induction of hepatic glycogen synthesis by glucocorticoids is not mediated by insulin. AB - Administration of 0.1 or 1 mg of prednisolone to fed mice caused a 5-fold activation of glycogen synthase in the liver after 3h, without significant changes in the circulating levels of glucose or insulin, or the hepatic concentration of cyclic AMP. Adrenalectomized fasted rats responded to cortisol (10 mg) with an increased glycaemia and a progressive activation of hepatic glycogen synthase after 2-4 h. but without an increase in the very low insulinaemia. These results are incompatible with the prevailing hypothesis that glucocorticoids provoke hepatic glycogen synthesis through an extra secretion of insulin. It is discussed that the acute effect of glucocorticoids is to inhibit rather than stimulate the release of insulin. PMID- 6809512 TI - Environmental and biologic interactions on behavior: effects of artificial rearing in rat pups treated with 6-hydroxydopamine. PMID- 6809513 TI - Shared biomedical engineering: a cost-benefit analysis. PMID- 6809509 TI - Involvement of lysine residue in the nucleotide binding of pigeon liver malic enzyme: modification with affinity label periodate-oxidized NADP. AB - 1. Periodate-oxidized NADP, a competitive inhibitor of malic enzyme with respect to NADP, inactivate the enzyme in mild conditions. 2. The inactivation is due to the modification of an essential lysine residue. 3. Two molecules of reagent were found to be incorporated into the enzyme tetramer after extensive modification. 4. Complete protection of malic enzyme from the oxidized NADP inactivation was afforded by NADP and its analogues. 5. The modified enzyme showed increased apparent Michaelis constant for the nucleotide coenzymes but the maximum velocity was decreased. 6. The binding between the modified enzyme and NADPH was impaired. PMID- 6809514 TI - Effect of diabetic control on the level of circulating thyroid hormones. AB - Basal plasma levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 were determined by radioimmunoassay in 44 control subjects, 44 Type 1 (insulin dependent) and 39 Type 2 (non insulin-dependent) diabetic patients aged from 15 to 75 years. All were clinically euthyroid. The quality of diabetic control was assessed by the percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin. In both the diabetic groups there was a significant decrease in T3 and a rise in reverse T3 whereas T4 was normal. We found no significant differences between plasma thyroid hormone levels in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. In the poorly controlled diabetics (glycosylated haemoglobin greater than or equal to 12%), T3 was 90 +/- 5 ng/dl, which differed significantly from the level found in the better controlled patients (106 +/- 5 ng/dl, p less than 0.01). In the diabetic patients without associated illness, a negative linear correlation was found between T3 and glycosylated haemoglobin and a positive correlation between reverse T3/T3 and glycosylated haemoglobin. No correlation between T3 or reverse T3 and fasting blood glucose could be established. In conclusion, many diabetics showed a low T3 syndrome suggesting that there may be an impairment in the extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. This may well be enhanced by a poor diabetic control (glycosylated haemoglobin greater than or equal to 12%). PMID- 6809515 TI - Glucagon and hyperkalaemia in decompensated diabetes. PMID- 6809516 TI - [Behavior of prolactin in secondary amenorrhea in opioid toxico-dependence]. PMID- 6809517 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic aspects of poisoning by caustics]. PMID- 6809518 TI - [Comparison between the hemodynamic effects of nitroglycerine ointment and oral isosorbide dinitrate in the treatment of left ventricular failure (author's transl)]. AB - The hemodynamic effects of standard dose of Nitroglycerin (NTG) ointment (23 +/- 4 mg) and oral Isosorbide Dinitrate (ISDN) 10 mg were compared in the treatment of left ventricular failure. Ten patients, 8 males and 2 females (mean age 59 +/- 9 years), affected by acute myocardial infarction (7 cases). Ischemic cardiomyopathy (2 cases) and hypertensive cardiomyopathy (1 case) were submitted to right heart catheterization by triple lumen Swan-Ganz catheter. Heart Rate (HR), mean Arterial Pressure (AP), Right Atrial Pressure (RAP), mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure (PAP), Pulmonary Wedge Pressure (PWP), Stroke volume (SV), Cardiac Index (CI), Stroke Work Index (SWI), Systemic Vascular Resistances (SVR), Pulmonary Total Resistances (PTR) were controlled every 30 minutes until the disappearance of the hemodynamic effects. ISDN did not produce any statistically significant changes; on the contrary NTG ointment caused significant changes in: (formula: see text). Decrease of RAP, PAP, PWP, PTR and increase of SV, CI, SWI were statistically significant from 30 until 180 minutes after NTG ointment administration. These changes were statistically different from those produced by ISDN (p less than 0,05). Thus NTG ointment, at this dose, improved cardiac performance, while oral ISDN 10 mg did not. It is concluded that the hemodynamic effects of NTG ointment are prompt and sustained. PMID- 6809520 TI - Cerebral oedema and monitoring of intracranial pressure in fulminant hepatic failure. PMID- 6809519 TI - Effect of cimetidine o endocrine functions--prolactin. AB - Effects of cimetidine on the endocrine function were examined in 16 human subjects, i.e. 6 healthy adult volunteers, and each 5 male and female gastro duodenal ulcer patients. They were all subjected to the examination on the fluctuation of prolactin (PRL) after one-shot intravenous injection of cimetidine. The peptic ulcer patients were orally given 800 mg/day of cimetidine for further 4 weeks. PRL, gonadotropins and sex hormones were determined in the male patients, and only PRL in the females patients. TRH-load test was carried out in all the ulcer patients before and after the administration of cimetidine. The results are shown below: 1) After one-shot intravenous administration of cimetidine 200 mg, serum-PRL significantly increased, the peak level, however, being within normal value range. The increase in PRL was transient, and recovered to the pretreatment value in 60-180 minutes after the administration. 2) During and after the repeated oral administration of 800 mg/day of cimetidine for the consecutive 28 days, serum PRL level did not significantly change. Neither was noted any influence on gonadotropin (LH, FSH) nor sex hormones (estradiol, testosterone) secretion. 3) PRL secretory functions at 500 microgram TRH loading were similar before and after oral administration of cimetidine, without difference in the reactivity. PMID- 6809522 TI - Ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats treated with aflatoxin B1 and undernutrition. AB - White male Wistar rats were treated with Aflatoxin B1 for 2 months while on standard pellet food ad libitum or 80% undernutrition. Although each animal received 400 micrograms of AFB1 no cancer in the liver or elsewhere developed. Histologically the findings in the groups treated with the mycotoxin were the well known until now. Undernutrition led to atrophic and degenerative changes in the liver. Electronmicroscopically there were found marked changes in the nucleus, with microsegregation of the nucleolus; diminution and disorganization of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria; changes in the lysosomes, abundance of microbodies etc. with difference according to the intoxication, nutrition, or both of them. However, the combination of the 2 etiologic factors did not lead to a simple summation of the deleterious effect. At the same time, we do not have the right to claim a real "anticarcinogenic" action of undernutrition. PMID- 6809521 TI - Permeability characteristics of human jejunum, ileum, proximal colon and distal colon: results of potential difference measurements and unidirectional fluxes. AB - In order to assess the passive permeability characteristics of the human intestine in vivo, we measured potential difference in the jejunum, ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon during perfusion of various test solutions that were designed to establish chemical gradients for sodium or chloride, or both or neither. In addition, unidirectional fluxes of sodium and chloride were measured in 30-cm segments of the jejunum and ileum and entire colon during perfusion of balanced electrolyte solution. These studies indicate that there are marked differences in the pathways for passive ion movement in the areas of the intestine studied. In the jejunum, this pathway appears to be highly permeable to both sodium and chloride with modest cation selectivity. In the ileum this pathway is much more cation selective, predominantly because of a relative impermeability to chloride. In the colon, on the other hand, these passive pathways appear to be more anion than cation selective. The implication of these results for normal transport physiology are discussed. PMID- 6809523 TI - [Carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage III and IV--treatment, results and complications (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809525 TI - Effects of TRH, TSH, and prolactin on the release in vitro of thyroxine from thyroid glands of the red-spotted newt. PMID- 6809526 TI - Identification of a specific binding protein for sex steroids in the plasma of the male little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus lucifugus. PMID- 6809524 TI - Seasonal variation in the accumulation and degradation of thyrotropin-releasing hormone by frog skin in vitro. PMID- 6809527 TI - Estradiol-17 beta production in isolated amago salmon (Oncorhynchus rhodurus) ovarian follicles and its stimulation by gonadotropins. PMID- 6809528 TI - Paralog, a control mutant in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The genetic properties of a pleiotropic mutant mapping at 1.4 +/- 0.1 in band 3B3 or its adjacent interbands on the X chromosome are described. The mutation is expressed autonomously in germ line cells, where it is recessive and has antimorphic properties. At 29 degrees, the mutation blocks oocyte differentiation, causing female sterility. At lower temperatures, it disturbs the maternal information in the egg; as a result, the progeny lack germ line cells (grandchildless phenotype) and exhibit defects of the cuticular pattern. The mutation is also expressed in somatic cells through zygotic interactions with neighboring regions, including 3A2, 3A3 (zeste), 3C1-2, 3C4 and 3C6-8 (Notch). We interpret the data by postulating that the expression of sets of dispersed genes might be controlled by the local topology of the chromosome, itself constrained by pairing of dispersed repeated elements. We call the mutation paralog. PMID- 6809530 TI - Genetic dissection of clonally inherited genomes of Poeciliopsis: II. Investigation of a silent carboxylesterase allele. AB - According to the ratchet mechanism hypothesis, deleterious mutations should accumulate in clonal genomes of unisexual fish of the genus Poeciliopsis. This study defines one such mutant, a silent carboxylesterase allele (ES-5 degrees) which is found in the heterozygous condition in a particular population of P. monacha-occidentalis. An antiserum to purified Poeciliopsis carboxylesterase cross-reacts with the gene product of the Es-5 degrees allele upon immunoelectrophoresis. This finding of cross-reacting material associated with the Es-5 degrees allele provides a useful marker for the breeding of a carboxylesterase deficient strain. PMID- 6809529 TI - Identification of a second locus in Drosophila melanogaster required for excision repair. AB - The mus(2)201 locus in Drosophila is defined by two mutant alleles that render homozygous larvae hypersensitive to mutagens. Both alleles confer strong in vivo somatic sensitivity to treatment by methyl methanesulfonate, nitrogen mustard and ultraviolet radiation but only weak hypersensitivity to X-irradiation. Unlike the excision-defective mei-9 mutants identified in previous studies, the mus(2)201 mutants do not affect female fertility and do not appear to influence recombination proficiency or chromosome segregation in female meiocytes.--Three independent biochemical assays reveal that cell cultures derived from embryos homozygous for the mus(2)D1 allele are devoid of detectable excision repair. 1. Such cells quantitatively retain pyrimidine dimers in their DNA for 24 hr following UV exposure. 2. No measurable unscheduled DNA synthesis is induced in mutant cultures by UV treatment. 3. Single-strand DNA breaks, which are associated with normal excision repair after treatment with either UV or N acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene, are much reduced in these cultures. Mutant cells possess a normal capacity for postreplication repair and the repair of single-strand breaks induced by X-rays. PMID- 6809532 TI - [Analysis and properties of a bacterial clone containing a gene fragment of an immunoglobulin L chain]. AB - Restriction analysis of hybrid plasmids from a number of clones allowed to screen out the plasmid p8-1. A detailed analysis of this plasmid and that of the inserted DNA was made using HhaII, AluI, Sau96I, Sau3A, MspI and BspI restriction endonucleases. The results demonstrated that the inserted DNA corresponds to the 3'-nontranslated region and to a portion of the C fragment of the light-chain immunoglobulin gene. Establishing the partial structure of the recombinant plasmid exhibited a complete coincidence of the inserted DNA 3'-terminus and the primary structure of the light-chain mRNA synthesized by MOPC-21 myeloma cells. This sequence corresponds to the amino acid sequence in the light-chain constant region (207-214 residues). The analysis of p8-1 plasmid showed that nucleotides of pBR322 plasmid at positions from 376 to 618 were deleted. The deletion might be predetermined by the plasmid property to be amplified more readily than all the other hybrid plasmids which were not deleted. PMID- 6809531 TI - [Construction and selection of bacterial clones hybridized with the mRNA of a light-chain immunoglobulin]. AB - The copy-DNA was synthesized on the mRNA fraction which was isolated from MOPC 21 mice myeloma by reverse transcription. This copy was completed with another chain without adding the exogenous primer, with the aid of the Klenov fragment of DNA polymerase I. After treatment of the double-stranded pin DNA with endonuclease S1, the poly(dA) sequences were built up using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. The building up of the poly(dT) sequences at the DNA 3'-termini of pBR322 plasmid previously treated with BamHI was performed in a similar way. The average length of connecting polynucleotide sequences was 50 nucleotides. After annealing and transformation of the cells with Escherichia coli hybrid plasmids, selection of clones was made for ApRTcS phenotype. Further, we applied a stepwise selection of clones by means of increasing the specificity: colony hybridization, quantitative hybridization of the excess of plasmid DNA with (32P)-cDNA and hybridization of plasmid DNAs with mRNA units which were transferred from electrophoregrams to the diazo-papers. As a result, bacterial clones were selected which contained gene fragments showing the ability to hybridize with the RNA fraction characterized by mRNA mobility of the light-chain immunoglobulin G. PMID- 6809534 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the major early region of bacteriophage phi 29. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the left end of bacteriophage phi 29 DNA has been determined. Together with data reported earlier (Yoshikawa et al., 1981), this sequencing comprises the major early genetic region of this viral genome (5708 bp). Computer analysis of the DNA sequences revealed that there are up to fifteen open reading frames which could encode polypeptides containing more than thirty amino acids. The DNA sequence also revealed a number of potential regulatory signals, promoters and ribosome binding sites. The initiation and the termination of transcription and probable early gene products are discussed. PMID- 6809535 TI - Location of a phenylalanine tRNA gene on the physical map of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome. PMID- 6809533 TI - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants assimilating adenine via a new metabolic pathway]. AB - Two pathways of adenine utilization are only known in Escherichia coli K-12: the conversion to adenosine monophosphate by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (apt gene) and ribosylation to adenine nucleosides by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (deoD gene). The purine auxotrophs defective in synthesis of inosine monophosphate de novo (pur) and carrying apt and deoD mutations cannot satisfy their purine requirements by exogenously supplied adenine or adenosine. We have selected spontaneously secondary-site revertants (designated adu) of pur apt deoD mutants, by plating on adenine or adenosine as the sole purine source. The adu mutations frequency was 6-10(-7). The phenotypical suppression of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency by adu mutations is neither the consequence of apt + or deoD + reversions nor the result of appearance in mutant cells of any activity converting adenine to adenosine monophosphate or adenosine. Adenine utilization in adu mutants is not caused by constitutive synthesis or genetic modification of the substrate specificity of adenosine deaminase (add gene). The direct deamination of adenine to give hypoxanthine in extracts of adu2 mutant has been shown. The data obtained suggest the possibility of a new adenine deaminase activity to appear in E. coli by means of single mutations. PMID- 6809537 TI - [The importance of identifying specific antigens in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic conditions]. PMID- 6809536 TI - Managing angina with nitrates. PMID- 6809538 TI - [Lymphoregulatory function of macrophage products in experimental BCG infection]. PMID- 6809541 TI - [Cholestasis associated with intravenous alimentation in infants]. PMID- 6809539 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in infants]. AB - We have observed and operated on 5 children at the age of 15 months to 6 years for carpal tunnel syndrome. 4 children, all belonging to the same family had bilateral median nerve compression syndrome. These 4 children also suffered from bilateral tenosynovitis, and a mild form of mucopoolysaccharidosis (M. Scheie) was diagnosed. The symptoms in all 5 children were uncharacteristic and initially difficult to associate with nerve compression at first. Numbness and dysaesthesia in the thumb, index and middle finger, the most frequent signs in adult patients, were missing. In these children, the observation of general manual clumsiness, unusual patterns of grasping, sudden change in playing habits with avoidance of manual activity led to the suspicion of a median nerve compression syndrome. In all children decompression of the median nerve resulted in normalization or marked improvement of hand function. PMID- 6809540 TI - [Diagnostic difficulties of bone lesions in neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6809542 TI - [Complications of pregnancy in Von Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 6809543 TI - Sources of support for the elderly during illness. PMID- 6809545 TI - Hepatic microsomal enzyme induction by aroclors 1248 and 1254 in cynomolgus monkeys. AB - Aroclors 1248 (2 mg/kg body weight) and 1254 (5 mg/kg body weight) produced a 3 methylcholanthrene type of mixed-function oxidase induction, in the livers of adult female cynomolgus monkeys after 69-122 days of dosing, when the animals were moribund. Both Aroclor 1248 and 1254 produced a mixed pattern of induction in mouse liver 66 hr after ip treatment with 1000 mg/kg body weight including changes characteristic of 3-methylcholanthrene-type induction. However the same dose of Aroclor 1016 did not produce 3-methylcholanthrene-type enzyme induction in mice. The results in adult monkeys are consistent with the hypothesis that PCB isomers capable of inducing aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and causing a 'blue' shift in the cytochrome peak, are associated with increased toxicity. However the lack of response with Aroclor 1016 in mice suggests that the reported toxicity of this aroclor to infant monkeys may not result from isomers producing a 3 methylcholanthrene-like effect. PMID- 6809544 TI - Antimicrobial activity of some salts of dialkylthiophosphoric acids. AB - A total of 18 derivatives of O,O-dialkylthio- and O,O-dialkylthiophosphoric acids were tested for antimicrobial activity using strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. The activity was found to depend on the length of the alkyl substituent and/or the cation size. All derivatives were ineffective with E. coli and C. albicans. PMID- 6809546 TI - [Reviewer Robert Koch. The discoverer of the agent of tuberculosis as an expert reviewer in the first issue of the "Fortschritte der Medicin"]. PMID- 6809547 TI - [Suggestions for the improvement of drug therapy compliance]. PMID- 6809548 TI - [Can recurrences after resection of benign thyroid diseases be prevented?]. AB - Analyzing the clinical data of 258 patients whose treatment after thyroid surgery was followed by the TRH-stimulation test over a period of 5 years we found that in 130 patients (93%) sufficient substitution was achieved. The increase in the TSH-level after TRH-stimulation was less than 10 muE/ml. There was no case of recurrence in this group. In 18 patients (7%) who admitted taking medication irregularly, there was an average increase in TSH-level of 16,7 muE/ml. There were two cases of recurrence in this group. The recurrence rate after thyroid surgery can be decreased by sufficient medical treatment resulting in an increase of TSH-level less than 10 muE/ml after TRH-stimulation, providing there is a close follow-up and a high incidence of patients' cooperation. PMID- 6809549 TI - ["Fever convulsions" in children. Current viewpoints on diagnosis, therapy and prognosis]. AB - A Consensus Development Conference on Febrile Seizures was held at the National Institutes of Health in USA in May 1980. The purpose of this paper is to present the consensus statement in German and to compare it with the literature. This should be helpful to make accessible the current knowledge about febrile seizures to a larger number of physicians. Special attention has been paid to the consequences of febrile seizures, the diagnostic procedures needed and the risks and benefits of therapy. PMID- 6809550 TI - [Genetic control of immune response in man. Evidence for the HLA-linked immune suppression gene to streptococcal cell wall antigen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809551 TI - Non-A, non-B hepatitis: current status. PMID- 6809552 TI - Dynamics of basal pituitary gonadotropin secretion and responsiveness to LRH following estradiol benzoate in normal boys. AB - The influence of a single intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate (E2B), 2.5-15 micrograms/kg, on the basal estradiol, LH and FSH and their response to LRH stimulation (50 micrograms/m2, i.v.) performed 20 h after E2B injection, was studied in 52 normal boys aged 6-16 9/12 years. The minimal effective dose of E2B was found to be 10 micrograms/kg. This same dose of E2B which increased plasma estradiol level from 15 +/- 8 to 22 +/- 15 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) at 20 h after the intramuscular injection, suppressed basal plasma LH and FSH and their response to LRH in the prepubertal (n = 12), early-pubertal (n = 12) and late-pubertal (n = 8) boys. It is suggested that the maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in boys during puberty is under the influence of endogenous estradiol. PMID- 6809553 TI - Peripheral elimination of growth hormone in chronic liver disease. AB - Chronic liver disease is associated with raised basal and TRH-stimulated PRL and GH levels. In a recent study we found the kidney to be the main site of prolactin elimination in patients with liver disease. In order to determine whether this is specific for PRL or a more general mechanism for polypeptide removal, we studied the elimination of GH, which resembles PRL in molecular weight and primary amino acid sequence, in 5 patients with portal hypertension and hepatic cirrhosis and 5 patients with noncirrhotic portal hypertension. Plasma GH levels were measured before and after TRH in peripheral, hepatic and renal vein samples, taken during diagnostic hepatic vein catheterization. An excessive paradoxical increase of GH after THR stimulation was found in 4 out of 5 cirrhotic patients but in none of the noncirrhotic individuals (p less than 0.025). After TRH the mean hepatic venous levels were significantly lower than the peripheral venous levels in 4 out of 5 noncirrhotic patients but in only 1 of the 5 cirrhotic patients (p less than 0.05). The mean renal vein GH levels were significantly lower than the peripheral levels in 3 out of 5 noncirrhotic patients and in none of the cirrhotic patients. In 2 patients in whom renal and hepatic plasma flow was measured, renal extraction of GH was found to be 0 to 6.4 micrograms, while liver extraction amounted to 22.1 and 34.7 micrograms of GH during the same 60-min period. Despite the similarity in molecular weight and primary amino acid sequence between PRL and GH, GH appears to be mainly taken up by the liver while PRL is mainly eliminated by the kidney in this group of patients with portal hypertension. This suggests that the renal elimination of prolactin is not solely dependent on glomerular filtration. The selective hepatic removal of growth hormone is probably related to a specific action of growth hormone on liver metabolism. PMID- 6809554 TI - Dynamics of basal pituitary gonadotropin secretion and responsiveness to LRH following estradiol benzoate in normal girls. AB - The influence of a single intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate (E2B), 2.5-15 micrograms/kg, on the basal plasma estradiol, LH and FSH and their response to LRH stimulation (50 micrograms/m2, i.v.) performed 20 h after E2B injection, was studied in 50 normal girls aged 6-17 years. It was found that the minimal dose of E2B which caused a significant change in the basal and/or LRH stimulated LH and FSH levels was 10 micrograms/kg. This dose increased plasma estradiol level by 10-35 pg/ml, i.e. still within the normal range for the appropriate pubertal stage of the subjects. The same dose of E2B significantly suppressed the basal FSH level in most of the prepubertal (n = 8), early-pubertal (n = 9) and late-pubertal (n = 14) girls and the FSH response to LRH in most prepubertal girls. The basal LH was suppressed in most pre- and early-pubertal girls, but increased significantly in 50% of the late-pubertal girls. The LH response to LRH was significantly increased in most of the girls at all pubertal stages. It is suggested that endogenous estradiol is an important mediator in the maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis in girls from mid-puberty onwards, and that the low physiological level of estradiol present in adolescence is sufficient to induce a gradual increase in pituitary sensitivity to LRH and a positive hypothalamo-pituitary feedback. PMID- 6809555 TI - The influence of asymmetrically distributed Ca2 on Na permeability of bovine brain phospholipid liposomes. AB - Liposomes prepared from bovine brain phospholipids in the absence of Ca2 spontaneously capture Na from the outside medium down a concentration gradient. When the Na concentration gradient is not yet completely equilibrated, addition of Ca2 causes an apparent efflux of Na against this gradient. This efflux cannot exclusively be ascribed to increased permeability as a consequence of asymmetrical distribution of Ca2. Another mechanism, for example lysis of the liposomes, must be involved. Liposomes prepared from bovine brain phospholipids in the presence of 3.5 mM Ca2 do not capture Na spontaneously. Removal of Ca2 on the outside by adding EDTA, inducing asymmetrical distribution of Ca2 in this way, provides for an influx of Na into the liposomes down a concentration gradient. PMID- 6809557 TI - Two new, additional "combining sites" of C-reactive protein: lectin specificity of the anti-galactan type and anti-haemocyanin reactivity. PMID- 6809556 TI - [Chromatography and rechromatography in high-performance liquid chromatography of peptide mixtures: the complete primary structure of an immunoglobulin L-chain of kappa-type, subgroup I (Bence-Jones Protein Den) (author's transl)]. AB - In continuation of our work on the separation of enzymatic hydrolysates by high pressure liquid chromatography with reverse-phases we present two new buffer systems: firstly 0.005M potassium phosphate, pH 6.0 and secondly aqueous trifluoroacetic acid, pH 2.15. As organic solvent acetonitrile is always used. The excellent properties are demonstrated by the separation of the tryptic peptides of Bence-Jones protein Den (Mr = 23000). Like ammoniumacetate these buffers are well suited for the first separation of peptide mixtures but can be used rather effectively in rechromatographies. If peaks are not or not fully resolved during the first chromatography they can be separated by a rechromatography in one of the other systems. This was most successful since in both cases the same high resolving technique is employed. From the primary separation 14 peptides could be isolated in analytically pure form. The remaining fragments were completely purified after one rechromatography. The amino acid analysis yielded also integer numbers and by a modified Edman degradation the primary structure could be determined. As with protein Wes (Kratzin, H., Yang, C.Y., Krusche, T.U. & Hilschmann, N. (1980) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 361, 1591--1598) all the peptides were recovered after high-pressure liquid chromatography, none was missing. From these data and from homology reasons the complete amino acid sequence of protein Den could be established. It contains 214 residues and belongs to subgroup I of the kappa-chains. The valine residue in position 191 indicates that it belongs to allotype Inv b+. PMID- 6809558 TI - Mitochondrial membrane-bound hexokinase of ascites tumor cells. Functional implications of lysine residues studied by modification with imidoesters. AB - Conformational changes of hexokinase from ascites tumor cells have been studied by chemical modification of lysine residues with imidoesters with the following results: 1) The membrane-bound enzyme, in contrast to the soluble enzyme, is not inactivated by treatment with dimethyl suberimidate, which suggests (a) lysine residue(s) essential for the activity that is protected in the membrane-bound enzyme. 2) Three different conformations have been detected in the membrane-bound enzyme. Two of these are induced by glucose and glucose 6-phosphate, respectively. 3) Treatment of the membrane-bound enzyme with dimethyl suberimidate affects its sensitivity to the inhibition by glucose 6-phosphate, but not its activity or degree of maximal inhibition. This suggests that lysine(s) is related to the binding of glucose 6-phosphate to its allosteric regulatory site. 4) In intact tumor cells, most, if not all, of the hexokinase activity seems to be in a membrane-bound form. PMID- 6809559 TI - Soft tissue sarcomas: the role of radiation therapy. PMID- 6809560 TI - Pulmonary function and exercise stress testing. PMID- 6809561 TI - Fever and anemia of unknown origin. PMID- 6809563 TI - Homer Smith: 'master of all things renal'. PMID- 6809562 TI - X-ray casebook: The case of the Bouveret's syndrome. PMID- 6809564 TI - A folk medical practice mimicking child abuse. PMID- 6809566 TI - Much ado about nothing. PMID- 6809565 TI - Fragile X: its detectability. PMID- 6809567 TI - On evaluation of clinical lab tests. PMID- 6809568 TI - A gut reaction: the cells of pleasure. PMID- 6809570 TI - Recurrent epistaxis and 'growths' on lips and nose. PMID- 6809569 TI - Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6809571 TI - ECG casebook: irregular tachycardia after cardiac surgery. PMID- 6809574 TI - Laboratory and clinic: a two-way street. PMID- 6809573 TI - Infections in the elderly. PMID- 6809572 TI - The biologic diversity of cancer metastases. PMID- 6809575 TI - The current status of newborn screening. PMID- 6809576 TI - A slow-thinking hyponatremic woman. PMID- 6809577 TI - Coagulation and bleeding: the physiologic Janus. PMID- 6809578 TI - Management of aortic valve disease. AB - The patient with severe aortic valve disease and significant symptoms is a clear cut candidate for valve replacement surgery. Management of asymptomatic patients with aortic valve disease is less clear-cut. Because asymptomatic patients for the most part have a benign prognosis, careful individual evaluation for risk of progressive disease must be weighed against the risks of surgery. PMID- 6809579 TI - Spiking fever and rash in a postpartum patient. PMID- 6809580 TI - On nuclear preparedness. PMID- 6809581 TI - Cellulitis and agitation: a diagnostic dilemma. PMID- 6809582 TI - The diabetic patient who mistreated herself. PMID- 6809583 TI - Energy flow in Ulysses. PMID- 6809584 TI - Controlled drinking data challenged in new study. PMID- 6809585 TI - New cases of Kaposi"s sarcoma, AID found in heterosexual men. PMID- 6809587 TI - Hyperthyroidism after thyroid suppression. PMID- 6809586 TI - Autoimmune manipulation aids juvenile diabetes management. PMID- 6809588 TI - Noninvasive tests for thromboembolic disease. PMID- 6809589 TI - The case of the round atelectasis. PMID- 6809590 TI - Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia. PMID- 6809591 TI - Solar radiation and cutaneous melanoma. AB - Exposure to solar radiation has been widely implicated in the dramatic rise in the incidence of cutaneous melanoma throughout the world. The association may be more complex than originally suspected, involving such factors as sunspot activity cycles and changes in the ozone layer affecting ultraviolet flux at the earth's surface. The evidence for these relationships is examined. PMID- 6809592 TI - Familial neurofibromatosis and juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia. PMID- 6809593 TI - Higher inductions of twin and single sister chromatid exchanges by cross-linking agents in Fanconi's anemia cells. AB - Twin and single sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) induced by short treatments with mitomycin C (MC) and 4,5',8-trimethylpsoralen (TMP)-plus-near ultraviolet light (NUV) were analyzed in colcemid-induced endoreduplicated normal human and typical Fanconi's anemia (FA) fibroblasts with diplochromosomes. The induction rate of twin SCEs that had occurred in the first cycle (S1) after the treatment was 1.7--2.4 times higher in FA cells than in normal cells. The induction rate of single SCEs that had arisen during the second cycle (S2) long after the treatment was also much higher, though less than the twin SCE rate, in FA cells than the almost negligible rate after repair of cross-links and monoadducts in normal cells. These results in FA cells, which specifically lack the first half-excision step of the two-step cross-link repair but retain the normal monoadduct repair, indicate that MC or TMP cross-links remaining unrepaired are indeed responsible for higher inductions of twin (S1 exchange) and single SCEs (S2 exchange). Thus, these findings indicate that Shafer's model of replication bypass for cross-link induced SCE, which predicts greatly reduced twin SCE formation in FA cells due to half cancellation, is apparently inadequate as such. We present three plausible models, incorporating the ordinary replication model, random unilateral cross link transfer, and chromatid breakage/reunion, that can account for the probabilistic inductions of single and twin SCEs and even for no SCE formation. PMID- 6809594 TI - Absence of linkage between the serum cholinesterase (CHE1) and rhesus (RH) loci. PMID- 6809595 TI - The effect of aphidicolin on the rate of DNA replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis of Bloom syndrome and normal fibroblasts. AB - Ultraviolet radiation induced more unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in ten Bloom syndrome (BS) fibroblast strains than in control cells, but this difference could be suppressed by aphidicolin treatment in at least nine BS strains. Aphidicolin, 1 and 5 micrograms/ml, were required to inhibit by 30% the UDS of BS and control cells respectively, but the DNA replication of BS cells did not prove abnormally sensitive to such an inhibitor. These findings are discussed in relation to current knowledge of the action of aphidicolin and hypotheses of the metabolic defect in BS. PMID- 6809596 TI - Incidence of Hunter's syndrome. PMID- 6809597 TI - Importance of the resistive component in response changes to increasing hypercapnia. PMID- 6809598 TI - Distribution of ABO blood groups and other genetic markers in mothers of infants with congenital malformations. AB - The distribution of ABO and Rh (antigen D) blood groups and of serum albumin, haptoglobin and transferrin variants, in a group of mothers of malformed newborns was investigated. In the first phase of the study, the results showed borderline statistical differences in the distribution of the transferrin types between the study group and a suitable control population. The second phase of the research, where only transferrin phenotypes were studied, showed the same trend as in the first one, but the results were not statistically significant. We conclude that probably there are no true distribution differences, but that it would be desirable to study this problem in a different ethnic group. PMID- 6809599 TI - Isolation of mycobacillin from the culture filtrate of a mutant derivative of Bacillus subtilis B3. PMID- 6809601 TI - Changing morphological spectrum of alpha chain disease--a case report. PMID- 6809600 TI - Lytic effects of EDTA & lysozyme on virulent & avirulent strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PMID- 6809602 TI - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in hybrids between Lewis and Brown Norway rats. AB - The susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis (Lew) and Brown Norway (BN) rats was studied in breeding experiments, evaluating EAE from clinical signs of the disease. The Lew strain is highly susceptible, the BN strain is resistant to EAE. F1 hybrids between the strains show an intermediate susceptibility as described by earlier authors. Back-cross experiments verify that susceptibility is inherited in a complex way, at least according to a two-gene model previously suggested. Analysis of the F1 hybrids showed a bi-modal distribution of clinical scores, one group of rats which appear to have the same degree of susceptibility as the Lew strain, and another group with very low susceptibility. Study of F2 rats produced by F1 rats with high or low susceptibility showed that this property was probably not inherited, arguing against a residual heterozygosity in the parental strains. As an alternative hypothetical explanation, the possibility of allogeneic exclusion of genes regulating suppression of EAE is discussed. PMID- 6809604 TI - Role of kallikrein-kinin system & coagulation in experimental cold injury in monkeys. PMID- 6809603 TI - Prolongation of acquired cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes. PMID- 6809605 TI - An inexpensive culture medium for the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. PMID- 6809607 TI - Modified diffusion assay for detecting antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6809606 TI - Mutations at H-2K or H-2D alter immune response phenotype of autoimmune thyroiditis. PMID- 6809608 TI - Modified aeruginocin typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6809609 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa carriage in semi-urban population of Alipore village, Delhi. PMID- 6809611 TI - Characterisation of mycobacterial strains from clinical specimens. PMID- 6809612 TI - Study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to pyocine typing drug sensitivity and epidemiology. PMID- 6809613 TI - Fibrinogen in sickle cell disease - an immunohaematological study. PMID- 6809614 TI - Effect of optic nerve sectioning on e.r.g. (A electrophysiological and histological experimental study). PMID- 6809615 TI - Relative significance of protein calorie malnutrition and vitamin A and carotene level in the etiology of xerophthalmia in Indian children. PMID- 6809616 TI - Nutritional deficiencies and cataract. PMID- 6809617 TI - The role of calcium in the control of renin release. AB - The effects of removing external calcium and inhibiting entry of calcium into the cell by treatment with D-600 on renin release from renal cortical slices of male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined. Baseline renin release, angiotensin II (AII) induced inhibition, and isoproterenol-induced stimulation of renin release were studied. Removal of external calcium by chelation with 5 mM EGTA inhibited basal renin release while treatment with 1 mM EGTA stimulated basal renin release slightly. Incubation of slices with zero calcium medium containing 1 mM EGTA had no effect on isoproterenol-induced stimulation of renin release. In contrast, similar treatment reduced the inhibitory effect of AII from 58.7% of baseline to 85.3% (p less than 0.001). Similarly, blockage of calcium entry into cells with D 600 had no effect on isoproterenol-induced stimulation of renin release but abolished AII-induced inhibition. Replacement of sodium in the bathing medium with choline had no effect on baseline renin release or on AII-induced inhibition of renin release, ruling out the possibility that D-600 altered renin release via an effect on sodium influx. Taken together, the data strongly suggest that AII induced inhibition of renin release is partially dependent on the presence of external calcium but that isoproterenol-induced stimulation of renin release is not. PMID- 6809619 TI - [General practice of nutrition diagnosis]. AB - Important condition for a parenteral, enteral or parenteral-enteral nutrition, especially in patients before extended operations of during conservative therapy, is an exact nutritional assessment before beginning of this therapy. By means of biochemical examinations (visceral proteins), anthropometric measurements (body mass, triceps skinfold, arm muscle circumference, creatinine index) and immunological methods (total lymphocyte count in the blood, skin testing with test antigens) it is possible to classify nutritional conditions in severity and kind of malnutrition. By evaluating the digestive and resorptive capacity it is possible to determine the way of application. PMID- 6809618 TI - Evaluation of the role of oxygen radicals in polymorphonuclear leukocyte aggregation. AB - oxygen radicals have been shown to alter granulocyte function by injury to the cell membrane or cytoskeleton. We have investigated the effect of such injury on the aggregation of granulocytes upon C5a or PMA stimulation. Granulocyte aggregation was not altered in the presence of the oxygen radical scavengers SOD, catalase, mannitol, or benzoate. To test whether oxygen radicals were required for aggregation, we evaluated three patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood. The response of PMNs from these patients was no different from controls. Hydrocortisone, an inhibitor of both granulocyte aggregation and oxygen radical generation, was then studied to decide whether its impairment of radical production contributed to its effect on aggregation. Five times the concentration of hydrocortisone needed to inhibit radical generation was required to impair aggregation by 50%. In addition, hydrocortisone was able to impair the aggregation of the PMNs of a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. These data suggest that oxidative injury to the cell membrane or cytoskeleton does not significantly contribute to the aggregation of granulocytes. In addition, inhibitors of aggregation, such as hydrocortisone, work through mechanisms other than by scavenging radicals. PMID- 6809620 TI - [Parenteral nutrition in surgery preparation in large intestinal diseases. Indication, procedure and results]. AB - The basic problem of colonic surgery is the high septic risk. Especially chronic inflammatory diseases are marked by a high periintestinal infection rate. In addition, there are catabolisms with negative protein balance and immunologic deficiency. In order to avoid there factors the principle of withdrawal of the intestinal function has been applied. Patients are put on a balanced high-caloric and completely absorable diet (2,400-3,600 cal) using a thin duodenal tube for several weeks. Depending on the initial condition the alimentation is carried out in some patients parenterally or as a supplement. From 1966 to 1981 240 patients with ulcerative and granulomatous inflammatory diseases of the colon were operated on at the Surgical Department of the University Hospital Hamburg. Using this preparation the rate of infection decreased from 54 to 14%, and the mortality resulting from septic complications from 13 to 0.8%. The main achievement of withdrawal of the intestinal function is the reduction of extraintestinal secondary infection which is responsible for the septic complications. PMID- 6809621 TI - [Effect of parenteral nutrition on serum proteins in patients with Crohn disease]. AB - The concentration of 19 serum proteins was determined by radial immunodiffusion in 23 patients with Crohn's disease before and after treatment with parenteral nutrition. The results were related to body weight and Crohn's Disease Activity Index. An increased serum concentration of retinol-binding protein, prealbumin, and transferrin paralleled an increase of body weight. Alpha-1-glycoprotein, alpha-2-chymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, C-reactive protein, and haptoglobin decreased during parenteral nutrition and showed a positive correlation to the Crohn's Disease Activity Index. The determination of certain proteins is clinically useful, since their serum concentration reflects the influence of parenteral nutrition on nutritional status and disease activity. Measurement of these proteins provides a useful guide to the management of patients with Crohn's disease treated with parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6809622 TI - Natural bactericidal activity of human serum against Neisseria meningitidis isolates of different serogroups and serotypes. AB - We used a microtiter assay, standardized with serum-sensitive and serum-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, to determine the serum sensitivity of Neisseria meningitidis isolates of different serogroups and serotypes. Numbers of serum resistant isolates varied among serogroups: group A = 7/8 (88%), group B = 26/50 (52%), group C = 5/8 (63%), group Y = 4/6 (67%), group W135 = 5/8 (63%), group 29E (Z') = 0/8 (0%), nongroupable isolates = 0/8 (0%). In comparison to group B isolates, group A isolates were more serum resistant (P less than 0.06), and group 29E and nongroupable isolates were more serum sensitive (P less than 0.001). Poor correlation was observed between serum sensitivity results and group specific levels of bactericidal antibody in the normal human serum of volunteers. The frequency of serum-resistant strains among group B disease isolates (45%) was not significantly different from throat isolates of asymptomatic carriers (52%). Serotype 2 isolates of group B were no more serum resistant than were other serotypes examined. The serum sensitivity of meningococci appears to involve both capsular and noncapsular antigens and varies between serogroups. The increased serum sensitivity of nongroupable and group 29E isolates may account for the low incidence of disease caused by these organisms. PMID- 6809624 TI - Strains of Neisseria meningitidis isolated from patients and their close contacts. AB - Neisseria meningitidis isolates from contacts, mostly family members, of 27 unrelated meningococcal disease patients were examined by serogrouping, serotyping, and a recently described sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis typing procedure. Most of the isolates were serogroup B or C. Serotyping and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis typing now provide a more precise means than serogrouping for determining the epidemiological relationships among patient isolates and those of related carriers. In 70% of the families studied, all contact carriers had strains indistinguishable from that of the patient. In the other 30%, more than one meningococcal strain was recovered from the family. Sixty percent of the carrier isolates were recovered from adults. It was found that, among household contacts, the mother was most likely and the father was least likely to carry the disease isolate. Nonhousehold contacts were least likely to carry the disease isolate. PMID- 6809623 TI - Comparison of the induction of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies in mice with purified pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates. AB - The nature and kinetics of the serum antibody response to pneumococcal type 3 and meningococcal group C polysaccharides and their protein conjugates were studied in mice. Bovine serum albumin and diphtheria and tetanus toxoids were used as carrier proteins. The purified polysaccharides induced only immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in thymus-bearing as well as congenic athymic (nude) mice. The polysaccharides covalently conjugated to proteins produced IgM and IgG antibodies in normal mice, but only IgM antibodies in nude mice. A second dose of the polysaccharide-protein conjugates resulted in a booster effect in the IgG response to the polysaccharides. Moreover, memory B-cells, generated after a primary injection with the polysaccharide-protein conjugates, could be triggered to the production of IgG antibodies after a second injection with the pure polysaccharides alone. These data indicate that the antibody response to the pure polysaccharides is thymus independent and that this response can be changed into a thymus-dependent response by covalent conjugation of the polysaccharide to a thymus-dependent protein. PMID- 6809625 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane antigens: isolation and characterization. AB - Hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane antigens were isolated. One of the antibodies was highly specific for the O antigen of the lipopolysaccharide of International Antigen Typing Scheme serotype 5 strains, reacting only weakly with a serotype 17 strain and failing to react with the outer membranes of strains representing 15 other serotypes. This monoclonal antibody was able to agglutinate heat-killed bacterial cells as well as lipopolysaccharide-coated sheep erythrocytes. Two other monoclonal antibodies were able to interact with the outer membranes of strains representing all 17 serotypes, although they were unable to agglutinate heat killed bacterial cells. One of these was shown to be specific for the major outer membrane lipoprotein H2. The antigenic site against which this monoclonal antibody reacted was present in the outer membranes of two Pseudomonas fluorescens strains, two Pseudomonas putida strains, a Pseudomonas anguilliseptica strain, and an Azotobacter vinelandii strain, but not in the outer membranes of five other bacterial species. PMID- 6809626 TI - Experimental scrapie in golden Syrian hamsters: temporal comparison of in vitro cell-fusing activity with brain infectivity and histopathological changes. AB - Golden Syrain hamsters were inoculated intracerebrally with the hamster-adapted 263K strain of scrapie virus, and the evolution of in vitro cell fusing activity induced by brain suspensions was compared with brain infectivity titers and histological changes. Cell-fusing activity abruptly appeared 4 weeks after inoculation, 1 week before the earliest detectable histopathological changes, at an infectivity level of 7.6 log 50% lethal doses per g of brain. Cell-fusing activity was sustained throughout the remaining 4 weeks of the incubation period and the subsequent 1- to 3-week stage of clinical illness but did not increase with the logarithmic progression of infectivity, which reached a level of 11 log 50% lethal doses per g in the agonal stage of disease. Gliosis was most sensitively detected by a monoclonal antibody reacting with astrocyte intermediate filaments in an indirect immunofluorescence test, anticipating histological recognition of gliosis and spongiform change by 1 to 2 weeks. In vitro cell-fusing activity is thus one of the earliest known biological markers (apart from infectivity itself) of experimental scrapie infection. PMID- 6809627 TI - Human immune response to various doses of group Y and W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. AB - A divalent vaccine containing equal weights of Neisseria meningitidis group Y and group W135 capsular polysaccharides was inoculated subcutaneously into groups of 32 military recruit volunteers at doses of 10, 25, 50, and 100 micrograms in 10 microliter/microgram volumes. At 4 weeks, the two higher doses induced significantly greater binding antibody responses than did the two lower doses. Differences in response were not found between the two higher doses or between the two lower doses. An additional 32 volunteers received a dose of 25 micrograms in a 20-microliter/microgram volume. Binding antibody response to this vaccine did not differ from the response to doses of 10 and 25 microgram in 10 microliter/microgram volumes. In contrast, bactericidal antibody responses did not differ among doses. Bactericidal antibody was induced in 100% of individuals with low (greater than 4 log2) preexisting serum bactericidal activity, regardless of dose. Bactericidal antibody nonresponse was restricted to individuals with high preexisting serum bactericidal titers. The discrepant dose response between binding and bactericidal antibody resulted from the induction of nonlytic antibody by the higher doses. We conclude that there are no advantages to doses in excess of 5 micrograms of these two chemically similar polysaccharides for the target population of young adult military recruits. PMID- 6809628 TI - Protection against group B Neisseria meningitidis disease: effect of serogroup B polysaccharide and polymyxin B on immunogenicity of serotype protein preparations. AB - The inability to prepare an effective polysaccharide vaccine against group B Neisseria meningitidis was the impetus for these studies. Outer membrane protein vaccines used in our initial studies failed to induce bactericidal antibodies in humans. The particulate nature of these vaccines may have led to their clearance before effective immune stimulation. Less denaturing procedures, therefore, were developed for preparation of serotype 2 protein-containing vaccines. These procedures included isolation of naturally released outer membrane vesicles and selective removal of lipopolysaccharide from the vesicles by the nonionic detergent Brij-96. The resultant protein vaccines were evaluated with and without noncovalently complexed group B meningococcal polysaccharide or polymyxin B sulfate or both. The new vaccines were at least 10-fold more immunogenic in mice and guinea pigs than the previous vaccines when assayed for bactericidal and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibodies. The protein vaccines alone protected guinea pigs from intrachamber infection, and a single 0.1-microgram injection prevented meningococcal bacteremia in mice. Addition of group B polysaccharide to the protein significantly improved the immunogenicity of the protein, and this combined vaccine showed a greater protective effect. Polymyxin B generally reduced the immunogenicity of the vaccines in both mice and guinea pigs. PMID- 6809629 TI - Protection against group B Neisseria meningitidis disease: preparation of soluble protein and protein-polysaccharide immunogens. AB - Although effective polysaccharide vaccines have been developed for meningococcal groups A, C, Y, and W135, the purified group B polysaccharide has proven to be nonimmunogenic. Earlier studies indicated that serotype 2 outer membrane protein vaccines induced bactericidal antibodies in animals and protected them from meningococcal challenge. However, a similar vaccine induced only low levels of antiprotein antibodies in both adults and children (C.E. Frasch et al., in J.B. Robbins et al., ed., Seminars in Infectious Disease vol. 4, p. 263-267, 1982). Methods were therefore developed to produce more immunogenic serotype 2 protein vaccines. We found that, by growing the organism for 65 to 72 h at 32 degrees C, three to four times more outer membrane protein was released into the culture medium than could be extracted from overnight-grown cells. The outer membranes were therefore purified directly from the broth by ultrafiltration followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Most of the lipopolysaccharide was selectively removed from the membranes by treatment with the nonionic detergent Brij-96. The Brij-96 was then removed and the resulting vaccine was filter sterilized. Some vaccines were prepared by combining equal parts of detergent-treated membrane protein and high-molecular-weight group B polysaccharide producing highly soluble vaccines. These new vaccines were compared by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent inhibition assay to an insoluble vaccine (E-06) found to be poorly immunogenic in humans. A human serum with serotype 2 specificity was used in the inhibition assay, and 5 microgram of E-06 was required for 50% inhibition, whereas less than 1 microgram of the soluble vaccines was required. Addition of group B polysaccharide slightly increased the inhibitory capacity of the protein component. PMID- 6809630 TI - Effect of L18-MDP(Ala), a synthetic derivative of muramyl dipeptide, on nonspecific resistance of mice to microbial infections. AB - By subcutaneous treatment with an aqueous solution of 6-O-stearoyl-N acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine [6-O-CH3-(CH2)16-CO-MurNAc-L-Ala-D-isoGln] [referred to here as L18-MDP(Ala)], an augmentation of the resistance of mice to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans infections was observed, but not to infections with Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes. Against E. coli infections, L18-MDP(Ala) was highly protective, irrespective of the administration route. Bacteremia occurring at an early phase of such infections was almost completely prevented by subcutaneous treatment 1 day before infection. Single or multiple doses were also effective against C. albicans infection. The phagocytosis of E. coli by mouse peritoneal polymorphonuclear cells was enhanced by treatment with the adjuvant, and the phagocytosis of K. pneumoniae was also enhanced, but only when the mice were treated either with rabbit normal serum or with a specific immune serum. The growth of the fungus in the kidneys was significantly inhibited, and growth was eliminated from the kidneys by treatment with the adjuvant once a day for 4 consecutive days, starting 1 day before infection. However, no growth suppression of L. monocytogenes in the livers or spleens of infected mice was observed when they were treated with a single dose of the adjuvant. This difference may be ascribed to the differences in the effector mechanisms of defense and to the different degree of augmentation of each defense mechanism by L18-MDP(Ala). PMID- 6809631 TI - Human endothelial cell culture plaques induced by Rickettsia rickettsii. AB - Primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells were inoculated with plaque-purified Rickettsia rickettsii. After adsorption of rickettsiae, monolayers were overlaid with medium containing 0.5% agarose. Small plaques appeared on day 4 postinoculation, and distinct 1- to 2-mm plaques were observed on day 5. Plaquing efficiency was less than that of primary chicken embryo cells in the same medium. Human endothelial cell monolayers were susceptible to infection by R. rickettsii and underwent necrosis as demonstrated by supravital staining. The topographic association of endothelial cell necrosis and rickettsial infection in the plaque model confirmed the direct cytopathic effect of R. rickettsii on human endothelium. Uninfected cells appeared normal by supravital staining and transmission electron microscopy. This model offers the possibility of investigating rickettsial pathogenesis and mechanisms of enhanced severity of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in specific genetically determined conditions. PMID- 6809633 TI - Colony opacity and protein II compositions of gonococci. AB - Changes in the presence of outer membrane protein II (P.II) constituents of gonococci were demonstrated by selecting opacity variants and defining the 125I labeled bands of parental and variant organisms. In general, colony opacity phenotype was a convenient, reliable guide for obtaining variants that differed from their parents by the apparent single-step gain or loss of one P.II constituent. Within a given strain (three strains were studied), particular P.II species were associated with particular opacity phenotypes. This was well demonstrated in strain JS3, in which five different P.II constituents were identified and compared. Four of these five P.II moieties were consistently associated with a characteristic degree of colony opacity: presence of the fifth P.II (P.IIa) did not correlate with a discernible increase in opacity when present either alone or in combination with other opacity-associated P.II moieties. The electrophoretic migration characteristics for each of the five P.II constituents of this strain differed with regard to apparent molecular weight and the effects of temperature and 2-mercaptoethanol. The high prevalence of colony opacity variants indicates that gonococcal populations are capable of presenting a variety of surface components to their external environment. PMID- 6809632 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to stages of Trypanosoma cruzi: characterization and use for antigen detection. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to the amastigote and epimastigote stages of Trypanosoma cruzi were produced and characterized by immunoglobulin class and subclass. Of the 17 monoclonal antibodies, 14 were of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) class and 2 were of the IgG2 and 1 was of the IgG1 subclass of IgG. Five of the monoclonal antibodies recognized the antigens of amastigotes only, two recognized the antigens of epimastigotes only, and ten recognized an antigen(s) common to both stages of T. cruzi. By using an immunofluorescence test with monoclonal antibodies, it was possible to visually localize amastigote- or epimastigote specific antigens and the antigens common to both. Antigens specific for epimastigotes were noted on the flagellum or in spots over the entire body of the parasite. The antigens common to both amastigotes and epimastigotes were on one of the extremities of the amastigotes and on the region of the flagellar pouch of the epimastigotes. Four of the monoclonal antibodies were capable of detecting T. cruzi antigen in serum from mice infected with the parasite and in the supernatant of infected cell cultures, suggesting that monoclonal antibodies may be useful for antigen isolation and diagnostic methods. PMID- 6809634 TI - Phagocytosis and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro promoted by antiserum to the slime glycolipoprotein. AB - The resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leukocytes was overcome by opsonization with antibody to slime glycolipoprotein or, to a lesser extent, with complement. Resistance was most effectively overcome in the presence of both. Protection against viable-cell challenge conferred by anti-glycolipoprotein serum in experimental infection is discussed briefly in the light of these findings. PMID- 6809635 TI - Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins that selectively bind to host cells. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae proteins that bind to hamster trachea epithelial cells were identified by incubating 125I-labeled, detergent-solubilized mycoplasmas with glutaraldehyde-fixed host cells. Analysis of the bound fraction by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed that proteins P1, P2, and HMW3 (molecular weights, 165,000, 110,000, and 140,000, respectively), previously implicated in attachment, were among the predominant species. Unlabeled mycoplasma preparations competed with the binding of radiolabeled proteins, suggesting the involvement of a limited number of receptor sites on the host cells. PMID- 6809636 TI - Nonspecific resistance to infection expressed within the Peyer's patches of the small intestine. AB - Intraperitoneal or intraduodenal pretreatment of mice with dead Corynebacterium parvum failed to produce significant nonspecific resistance to Salmonella enteritidis infection in the Peyer's patches of the small intestine. However, mice pretreated with a single oral infection of live Listeria monocytogenes were capable of restricting the growth of S. enteritidis in the Peyer's patches. The ability of L. monocytogenes to induce nonspecific resistance was associated with the ability of this organism to cause an increase in the number of macrophages in the Peyer's patches. PMID- 6809638 TI - Adherence of mycoplasmas: phenomena and possible role in the pathogenesis of disease. AB - Mycoplasma pneumoniae attaches to a variety of surfaces. Adherence to inert surfaces such as glass requires an intact energy metabolism. Interaction with sheep erythrocytes occurs via a binding protein on the mycoplasma surface. The protein reacts with a receptor containing sialic acid. Adherence to other erythrocytes may involve different mechanisms. Different results have been reported on interaction with tissue cells. The various mechanisms probably cooperate and thereby facilitate the colonization of the human respiratory tract. PMID- 6809637 TI - Fatal, acute non-A, non-B hepatitis with confluent necrosis. Case report and proposal for diagnostic work-up. AB - We are reporting a fatal case of acute Non-A, Non-B (NANB) hepatitis with massive liver destruction in a 58-year-old woman. NANB hepatitis is still a diagnosis by exclusion, and detailed knowledge of the endemic diseases associated with hepatitis in a given geographic area should be included in the diagnostic work up. In Lebanon, where 97% of the adult population has anti-HAV in their sera, the IgM fraction of anti-HAV must be determined in order to differentiate between previous exposure to HAV and an active infection. Q fever, an endemic disease in this area, should be also ruled out before the diagnosis of NANB hepatitis is established. PMID- 6809639 TI - Quantitation of nasal secretory IgA by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - A simple and sensitive technique, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the quantitation of secretory IgA (sIgA) in order to study the synthesis and transport of sIgA in the nasal secretion from patients with chronic sinusitis. Rough-surface glass beads coated with antisecretory component antibody were employed as the solid phase. The minimal detectable concentration of sIgA was 50 ng/ml in this study. sIgA averaged 226.3 +/- 217.4 mg/dl and total IgA averaged 302.0 +/- 137.5 mg/dl. PMID- 6809640 TI - Oral tonsils: an immunoperoxidase study. AB - Tissue morphometry and the distribution of cells containing immunoglobulin (Ig), J chain and secretory component (SC) were studied in eight oral tonsils. Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed that IgG-containing cells predominated in all lymphoid compartments (follicles, extrafollicular areas and reticular epithelium) and that the IgG:IgA:IgM class ratios of the overall tonsillar immunocyte population were 13:8:2. Cells containing IgD and IgE were rare. IgG immunocytes showed no significant localisation within a given lymphoid compartment, whereas IgA cells were found predominantly in extrafollicular areas, especially adjacent to surface epithelium, and IgM cells were in follicles. J chain was present within IgM and some IgA cells. Tonsillar crypt and surface epithelium was negative for SC, suggesting that these structures are not directly involved in local mucosal immunity. PMID- 6809641 TI - Multiple clonally-restricted immunoglobulins in human sera: disease associations. AB - Diseases associated with multiple clonally-restricted serum immunoglobulin (Ig) abnormalities present at levels which, in most cases, preclude detection by conventional immunoelectrophoresis, were studied using methods for detection and characterization of homogeneous Ig that are approximately equal to 40 times more sensitive than either cellulose acetate zone electrophoresis or immunoelectrophoresis. Patients with these Ig abnormalities had a high incidence of infectious disease (29% of total cases), malignancy (19%), connective tissue disease (14%) and liver disease (10%). The concentration of individual clonal products was found to wax and wane, but it could not be determined whether these clonally-restricted Ig species represent, wholly or in part, the products of dominant antibody-producing plasma cell clones involved in the patients' response to their disease. We conclude that multiple homogeneous serum Ig abnormalities occur in clinical situations where heightened antigenic stimulation and/or immune reactivity are thought to occur (e.g., infections, malignancies and autoimmunity). Laboratory evaluation of these Ig abnormalities could be useful for diagnostic and/or therapeutic monitoring purposes in situations where the specificity of the clonally-restricted Ig species can be established. PMID- 6809642 TI - LPS-induced enhancement of plaque-forming cell response to bromelain-treated syngeneic erythrocytes in mouse peritoneal cell cultures. AB - The effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the development of plaque forming cells (PFC) against bromelain-treated syngeneic mouse red blood cells (Br MRBC) was studied in peritoneal cell (PC) cultures. It was found that LPS enhances the development of PFC to Br-MRBC and increases DNA synthesis in PC cultures. The LPS-induced enhancement of PFC to Br-MRBC, however, does not appear to require cell proliferation, since it also occurred in PC cultures pretreated with mitomycin C. In addition, the LPS-induced B lymphocytes blastogenesis is under the control of macrophages, while cell differentiation of precursor B lymphocytes into cells actively producing antibodies against Br-MRBC is regulated by suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 6809643 TI - Stimulation of contact sensitivity to oxazolone by disodium cromoglycate. AB - The subcutaneous administration of 0.01-10 mg/kg of the antiallergic agent disodium cromoglycate on day 0 30 min prior to sensitization of C57Bl/6 male mice with 5% 2-phenyl-4-ethoxy-methylene oxazolone proved to cause a significant stimulation of the low-grade volume response as measured plethysmographically in 24 h after challenge. The investigation of the mechanism favors the conclusion that histamine release is involved in the action of disodium cromoglycate as judged by the ability of the antihistaminics chlorpheniramine and metiamide to inhibit the disodium cromoglycate action and by the inhibitory effect of polymyxin B induced depletion of histamine. PMID- 6809644 TI - Cytogenetic and histological studies in a series of subfertile males. AB - Cytogenetic and histological studies were carried out on a series of 68 men during investigations for subfertility. Somatic chromosome analysis identified 4 cases with abnormal karyotypes. Meiotic chromosome analysis identified 4 cases with abnormal meiosis. Analysis of cell stages of the spermatogenic cycle in cytogenetic preparations identified 12 cases with missing cell cycle stages. Histological analysis of tissue samples identified defects of the spermatogenic cycle in 23 cases. A kinetic model of spermatogenesis is used in order to relate the different types of abnormality to the spermatogenic cycle. PMID- 6809645 TI - Testicular responsiveness to human chorionic gonadotrophin in growth hormone deficient pre-pubertal boys: lack of effect of replacement therapy. AB - The effect of hGH therapy on testicular response to hCG was studied in 7 pre pubertal boys with known growth hormone deficiency. Each boy received 2000 IU hCG intramuscularly for 3 consecutive days either before starting hGH therapy or 4 months after temporarily discontinuing hGH therapy. A second 3 day series of hCG injections was administered after each boy had received 4 months of hGH treatment. Before each hCG challenge, serum concentrations of testosterone, LH and FSH were obtained and an iv GnRH test was performed. Growth hormone treatment either maintained or established linear growth velocities equal to or greater than expected for the patient's skeletal age. Testicular response off hGH therapy, either maximum serum concentration of testosterone or maximum rise above baseline, was not significantly different than testicular response while on hGH therapy. Testicular responses did not correlate significantly with either basal concentration of gonadotrophins or gonadotrophin responses to GnRH. Despite its effectiveness in stimulating growth, hGH did not effect testicular responsiveness to hCG in pre-pubertal boys with hGH deficiency. PMID- 6809646 TI - CO2 removal through a microporous membrane lung. PMID- 6809647 TI - Modulation of the development of cell-mediated immunity: possible role of the products of the cyclo-oxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6809648 TI - Effects of prostaglandins on the development of cell-mediated immunity in culture and on the cytolytic activity of in vivo-generated effector cells. AB - This study was undertaken in an attempt to better understand the role of prostaglandins in the development of the primary cell-mediated immunity (CMI) response in culture. Primary sensitization cultures with C57Bl/6 mouse spleen cells as responder cells (R) and X-irradiated P815 mastocytoma cells as allogeneic stimulator cells (S) were established in the presence and absence of test agents. The ability of effector cells to lyse P815 target cells was measured by 51Cr-release assay on day 4. 3H-Thymidine uptake into the cultured cells was also analyzed on the same day. Prostaglandins of the E series were shown to exert selective effects on the CMI response depending on dose, schedule of administration, and culture conditions. PGE1 or PGE2 enhanced the CMI response at 30 pM but inhibited it by 50% at 30 nM. At an optimal R/S ratio, 30 nM PGE1, or PGE2 always inhibited 3H-thymidine uptake more than cytotoxicity while at suboptimal ratios it inhibited both equally. PGE1 did not affect the kinetics of development of the CMI responses. PGE1 was inhibitory when added 20 h before, at the same time as or as late as 24 h after antigen. The inhibitory effect was prevented by removal of PGE1 within 24 h of addition. Pretreatment of spleen cells with PGE1 for 20 h did not affect their subsequent response to sensitization. It seems that PGE1 must be present during the early phase of lymphocyte activation and that it has a relatively long half-life in spleen cell cultures. The development of secondary CMI in culture was less sensitive to inhibition by PGE than that of the primary CMI. PGD2 and PGA2 also inhibited the induction of the primary CMI while PGF2 alpha enhanced it. On the other hand, PGI2 and TXB2 had no effect. The effect of prostaglandins on the lytic activity of the in vivo-generated effector cells was also examined. The addition of PGE2, PGI2, PGD2 or PGA2 to the 51Cr-release assay resulted in significant depression of the cell-mediated lympholysis; whereas, addition of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2, and PGF2 alpha caused little effect. PGE2, PGA2 or PGD2 inhibited the rate of lytic activity. In order to exert this effect, these compounds must be present during the 51Cr-release assay and pretreatment of the effector cells had little effect on their cytotoxicity. These results indicate that prostaglandins have immunomodulating activity affecting the early phase of the development of the CMI response in culture; they also have the ability to inhibit the cytolytic effect of effector cells generated in vivo. PMID- 6809650 TI - Correction of mandibular prognathism by mandibular setback and advancement genioplasty. AB - The goal of surgical-orthodontic treatment of mandibular prognathism is to achieve maximum function, esthetics and stability. These objectives were achieved in 10 adults who manifested a specific type of mandibular prognathism. The patient group under study, who manifested a relatively contour deficient chin and prominent lower lip, and class III malocclusion, was treated by orthodontics and mandibular setback in concert with advancement genioplasty. The advancement genioplasty technique was accomplished by maintaining as much soft tissue pedicle as possible to the repositioned chin. A near one-to-one ratio of soft tissue-to osseous change was achieved in the patient group under study with the use of the described genioplasty technique in combination with mandibular setback by intraoral vertical ramus osteotomies. PMID- 6809649 TI - Serum FSH, LH, and testosterone in humans after physical exercise. AB - The serum levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay in 63 men before, during, and after maximal and submaximal physical short- and long-term exercise (800-n running, climbing, 36-k cross-country skiing). In the 800-meter run, significant elevations of FSH, LH, and testosterone were observed, while in all other field and laboratory test (climbing, 36-km cross-country skiing, maximal stepwise bicycle and treadmill ergometry, 90-min submaximal bicycle ergometry) the hormone levels remained unchanged or were decreased. In contrast to FSH and LH, which did not show any clear modification with duration or intensity of exercise or with the state of training, changes of testosterone in the endurance field test (36-km cross-country skiing) seemed to be training dependent. In highly endurance-trained subjects, there was an increase and in less well-trained subjects a decrease of testosterone for equal distances and intensities of exercise. PMID- 6809651 TI - Closed condylotomy in the treatment of osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint. Clinical and radiographic study. AB - 25 condylotomies performed on 24 patients for the treatment of osteoarthritic derangements of the temporomandibular joint are reviewed. Clinical and radiological notes are recorded. The follow-up time was at least 3 years (mean 4.7 years). The healing of various symptoms and signs is considered very successful. The mandibular excursions improved after operation. Surface erosion healed. Otherwise condyle flattening or remodelling was noted. The relationship between the pain/dysfunction syndrome and degenerative joint disease are considered. PMID- 6809652 TI - Ophthalmologic considerations in maxillofacial trauma. Anatomy and diagnostic evaluation. AB - The high incidence of orbital involvement in facial injuries necessitates a thorough ophthalmologic evaluation in virtually all cases. This article will provide the oral and maxillofacial surgeon with a review of the anatomy of the eye and ocular adnexa and present a systematic method of conducting and interpreting an ophthalmologic examination. PMID- 6809653 TI - Submergence of roots for alveolar ridge preservation. A failure (4-year follow-up study). AB - A 4-year clinical and radiographic follow-up study of 20 cases of crown-resected root-filled roots, covered by mucosal flaps, distributed among 15 patients, has been carried out. Only cases of uneventful submergence of the root with intact healthy mucosa were regarded as successful. This study shows that: (1) The number of failures increases with the years; from 3 cases at the 1-year to 11 cases at the 4-year follow-up, corresponding to 53% (8/15) of the patients. In the failures, an exposure of the root-surface was seen, but without inflammation in the surrounding tissue. These roots could be extracted without bone loss. (2) Alveolar ridge atrophy is not prevented by retained roots, and is probably the primary reason for failure of coverage. The 11 failures showed alveolar ridge atrophy, which was observed before failure in 6 cases. None of the successful cases showed alveolar ridge atrophy. The present method cannot be recommended as a routine procedure. PMID- 6809654 TI - Removal of lower third molar germs by lateral trepanation and conventional technique. A comparative study. AB - In 19 patients both lower third molar germs were removed, on one side by a conventional technique and on the other by the lateral trepanation technique. When the latter technique was used, almost no late post-operative complications were seen, but with the conventional technique various complications, local infections, increased pocket depth and unattached gingiva were recorded. PMID- 6809655 TI - Oral and maxillofacial tumours in Northern Nigeria: an analysis over five years. AB - A clinical and histopathological review of 200 oral and maxillofacial tumours seen at the Maxillofacial Unit at Kaduna, Nigeria during a five-year period is presented. A large number of these were odontogenic tumours, bone tumours and tumours of the maxillary antrum. Some of the unusual histological features seen are discussed. One feature of particular interest was the large number of osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, fibrous dysplasias and ossifying fibromas of the jaw bones, as opposed to the long bones. PMID- 6809656 TI - Incidence of tempero-mandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome in rural population. AB - The incidence and clinical course of the tempero-mandibular joint dysfunction syndrome was studied among 1187 subjects over the age of 16, who attended the rural dental consultations held at various places in the State of Karnataka, India. The study revealed an incidence of 20.3%. Contracy to earlier reports, the incidence was higher in males than in females and more married females were affected than unmarried. Clicking appeared to be the predominant symptom in all age groups. The incidence of pain increased with age. Of all patients 43.75% were not aware of a clicking joint; 53.7% persons with clicking and 14% with pain were not disturbed by their symptoms. The findings of the study failed to establish any relationship between unilateral missing teeth and the occurrence of the pain dysfunction syndrome (PDS). The chewing habits (betel leaf, tobacco, betel nut) which are prevalent in India appeared to have no effect on the incidence of PDS. It is suggested that more epidemiological studies should be carried out in different parts of the world with varying social, political and economic systems to enable better understanding of the global incidence of PDS. PMID- 6809657 TI - The importance of local hemostatic procedures in dental extractions and oral mucosal bleeding of hemophiliac patients. AB - Deficient coagulation factor replacement therapy is often indispensable for dental extractions and oral mucosal bleeding in hemophiliac patients. High concentrates are often infused in large amounts of volume, until complete hemostasis is achieved. Considering the various side effects of replacement therapy the volume infused should be reduced to a minimum. Several aspects associated with replacement therapy for the control of oral bleeding are studied. Our conclusion is that local hemostatic procedures are even more important than replacement therapy. The use of surgical packs and band retainers proved to be of benefit in this study. PMID- 6809658 TI - Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: light and electron microscopic study. AB - A case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor involving the right upper cuspid region of a 17-year-old girl is described. In light microscopy, liminal structures and rosette-like structures were found in the parenchyma of the tumor. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the rosette-like structures were less organized than the luminal structures; the luminal structures are supposed to be associated with secretory activities including the formation of calcified material which show the apatite pattern by electron diffraction. The origin and differentiation of cells constituting the tumor are discussed. PMID- 6809659 TI - A case of impacted first molar with chronic mandibular osteomyelitis. AB - A case of a completely impacted first molar in the mandibular is described in a 44-year-old Japanese male. He complained of chronic inflammation of the mandible, and histopathological findings revealed osteomyelitis around the impacted tooth. PMID- 6809660 TI - Lymphoepithelial (so-called branchial) cyst within the parotid gland. Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - A case of a cystic lesion within the parotid gland of a 27-year-old woman is reported. The cyst was surgically removed, taking care not to injure the facial nerve. The histologic picture was in accordance with that of a lymphoepithelial cyst which is also called "branchial cyst". The literature about branchial cysts in the parotid gland is reviewed. The present case was characterized by the inclusion of a small amount of salivary gland epithelium within the cyst wall. A biochemical analysis of the cystic fluid revealed a high amylase activity. From these findings, and those in the literature, it is suggested that the histogenesis of the present case can be explained by the parotid-gland-inclusion theory. PMID- 6809661 TI - Neurofibroma of the mandible. Review of the literature and report of a case. AB - Neurofibroma is a tumor deriving from elements of neural tissue of the peripheral nerves. Its localization in the jaws is rather rare. A case of mandibular neurofibroma is presented. PMID- 6809662 TI - Cementifying fibroma of the maxilla. Report of a case. AB - A case of cementifying fibroma growing into the right maxillary sinus is reported. Clinical and histopathological findings are presented. The differentiation from central fibro-osseous lesions in jaw bones is discussed. PMID- 6809664 TI - Musculoskeletal adaption to surgical advancement of the mandible. AB - This study was carried out in order to evaluate musculoskeletal adaption to surgical advancement of the deficient mandible. 10 adult individuals with mandibular deficiency were studied before and 3 months after surgical advancement of the mandible via lateral cephalometric radiography, kinesiometry, and electromyographic instrumentation. 10 adult controls were studied at the same intervals, but underwent no surgery. The data was entered into a DEC System-10 computer for morphometric comparison and statistical analysis. The results of this investigation demonstrate that musculoskeletal adaptions occur within the stomatognathic system following surgical advancement of the mandible. 3 months following surgery, the clinical and physiological rest positions of the mandible as well as the masticatory electromyographic activity were unchanged in both the control and the surgery groups. The rapid, functional adaptions that occurred in the surgery group are apparently due to changes in posterior ramus-mandibular body relations and neuromuscular adaption within the masticatory and suprahyoid musculature. PMID- 6809663 TI - A 15-year study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of the edentulous jaw. AB - Osseointegration implies a firm, direct and lasting connection between vital bone and screw-shaped titanium implants of defined finish and geometry-fixtures. Thus, there is no interposed tissue between fixture and bone. Osseointegration can only be achieved and maintained by a gentle surgical installation technique, a long healing time and a proper stress distribution when in function. During a 15-year period (1965-1980), 2768 fixtures were installed in 410 edentulous jaws of 371 consecutive patients. All patients were provided with facultatively removable bridges and were examined at continuous yearly controls. The surgical and prosthetic technique was developed and evaluated over a pilot period of 5 years. The results of standardized procedures applied on a consecutive clinical material with an observation time of 5-9 years were thought to properly reflect the potential of the method. In this group, 130 jaws were provided with 895 fixtures, and of these 81% of the maxillary and 91% of the mandibular fixtures remained stable, supporting bridges. In 89% of the maxillary and 100% of the mandibular cases, the bridges were continuously stable. During healing and the first year after connection of the bridge, the mean value for marginal bone loss was 1.5 mm. Thereafter only 0.1 mm was lost annually. The clinical results achieved with bridges on osseointegrated fixtures fulfill and exceed the demands set by the 1978 Harvard Conference on successful dental implantation procedures. PMID- 6809665 TI - Eruption of impacted permanent upper incisors after removal of of supernumerary teeth. AB - In a retrospective study of 63 patients, an attempt is made to determine in how many cases retained permanent upper incisors erupt after the removal of supernumerary teeth, and what predisposing and etiological factors are of importance. It proved that the eruption of a supernumerary tooth positively contributed to the chance of a spontaneous eruption of the permanent incisors. No relationship could be demonstrated between the age of a patient from whom supernumeraries were extracted, the number of supernumeraries, the extent of root formation, marked apical displacement and the chance of spontaneous eruption of the permanent incisors. It also proved that only in 1 out of 2 children did spontaneous eruption occur after removal of the supernumeraries. It therefore seems advisable to provide all impacted upper incisors with a cervical ligature of bracket with twined wire sling during the first operation in order to create the possibility for orthodontic traction if spontaneous eruption of the incisor does not occur, and thus to prevent a second operation for the child. PMID- 6809666 TI - Nasopalatine duct cyst. Review of the literature and report of 22 cases. AB - The nasopalatine duct cyst is the most common non-odontogenic cyst in the oral area. The literature is reviewed regarding terminology, epidemiology, etiology, radiology, microscopic findings and treatment of these cysts, and is followed by a discussion of the data of 22 patients. A correct diagnosis can only the made after proper clinical, radiographic and histopathologic examination. PMID- 6809667 TI - A new arch bar for oral surgery. AB - A new universal arch bar for intermaxillary fixation has been developed. This arch bar was fabricated as a wave-shaped, thin metal plate with soldered buttons on the bucco-labial aspect. It is light and flexible, yet strong enough to provide excellent fixation in the treatment of fractures of the maxilla and/or mandible. It is a universal bar: the superior and inferior borders are identical. Clinical application has been broad including trauma and cases of orthognathic surgery. PMID- 6809668 TI - The effect of a long-acting local anaesthetic agent (Marcaine) on the masticatory muscle in rats. AB - Marcaine, a long-acting local anaesthetic was administered subcutaneously over the rat's superficial masseter muscle. Rapid muscle fibre destruction with infiltration of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and degeneration of muscle fibers are the notable morphological changes following treatment with Marcaine. However, this degeneration was rapidly replaced by a regeneration process. Sequential injections of Marcaine produced even more serious muscle damage. However, successive injections of the drug did not prevent the regeneration process. PMID- 6809669 TI - Concentration of phenoximethylpenicillin, clindamycin and tinidazole in dental cysts. AB - In the treatment of bacterial infections, adequate antibiotic concentrations must be realised at the site of infection. Levels of 3 antibiotics- phenoximethylpenicillin, clindamycin and tinidazole - were measured in serum and fluid of periapical odontogenic cysts in 30 patients undergoing enucleation of periapical cysts. After a single dose of 500 mg tinidazole, the concentration of tinidazole in the cystic fluid was 4.3 micrograms/ml, which was about 1/3 of the concentration in the serum. No measurable levels were achieved in the cystic fluid with phenoximethylpenicillin or clindamycin. PMID- 6809670 TI - Plasminogen in human saliva. AB - Plasminogen has been demonstrated in human parotid submandibular and whole saliva both immunologically and functionally by activation with streptokinase. There was a significantly higher level of plasminogen in whole saliva than in either parotid or submandibular saliva, but these differences were largely eliminated after centrifugation. This was due to the tissue plasminogen content of leucocytes and epithelial cells which are present in whole saliva but which are removed by centrifugation. Plasminogen is therefore predominantly secreted in saliva. Since clinically fibrin clots seldom persist on the oral mucosa it is suggested that a potent plasminogen-assisted in vivo system of fibrinolysis may be operating in the oral mucosa. PMID- 6809671 TI - Thermal injury to bone. A vital-microscopic description of heat effects. AB - A titanium implant, the thermal chamber, allowing vital microscopic observations of bone tissue during heating and bone temperature measurements to be made simultaneously is described. The tissue reactions to a defined heat trauma may be followed and registered on slides and cine film. The thermal chamber technique allows repeated observations of the same bone tissue compartment for indefinite follow-up period. In the present experiment, the chamber was inserted in the rabbit tibia and heating to 53 degrees C was applied for 1 min. During heating to the assigned temperature, the blood-flow velocity initially increased. At 53 degrees C the blood flow stopped in some vessels and became sluggish in others. 2 days after heating the blood flow in the pre-existing vessels had stopped. Gradually thereafter, all original vessels became replaced with ingrowing newly developed vascular pathways. Fat cells seen before burning became resorbed and bone remodelling started 3-5 weeks after the heat injury. A temperature of 53 degrees C, i.e. below the denaturation point of alkaline phosphatase, caused an irreversible bone injury, after which healing occurred from the surrounding tissues. PMID- 6809672 TI - An investigation into the reduction of tooth contamination in delayed transplantation. AB - 90 unerupted human teeth were removed surgically and were cultured for between 1 and 5 weeks in one of three storage media supplemented with different combination of antibiotics. Each tooth was screened for microbiological contamination after culture. Medium 199 with benzyl penicillin, cephaloridine and gentamicin gave the highest % of sterile teeth (82.1%). Discriminant analysis showed that the addition of antibiotics to the culture medium was the main factor contributing to sterility; irrigation with sterile saline during tooth removal, ultrasonic treatment before culture and the pre-operative tooth position were also found to be important. PMID- 6809674 TI - Ameloblastic fibro-odontoma in the maxillae. A case report. PMID- 6809673 TI - Scrofula. A report of two cases. PMID- 6809675 TI - The gigantiform salivary calculus. AB - The size of salivary calculi may range from small particles to large concrements of several centimetres. One case of a gigantiform salivary calculus located in the Wharton duct of a 48-year-old man is presented. After surgical removal of the 3.6 cm long concrement, it was split into 4 parts. The different parts were used for routine histological studies, production of microradiographs of ground sections and for scanning electron microscopy. Decalcified sections disclosed a specimen made of a homogeneous central nucleus and a peripheral lamellation. The same morphological picture was seen on the microradiographs, where the nucleus showed dense mineralization, and the peripheral part alternating rings of high and low mineral content. Microorganisms, mostly thread-like organisms, were found throughout the entire calculus in specially stained sections. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the histologic and microradiographic findings. The presence of microorganisms also in the nucleus of the calculus seems to be one important aetiological factor favouring the formation of this gigantiform concrement. PMID- 6809676 TI - Latent bone cyst as healing artifact. A case report. AB - The hemorrhagic bone cyst and the latent bone cyst are pathological conditions of unknown etiology occurring in the jaws. Hemorrhagic cysts are diagnosed radiographically and clinically, while latent bone cysts are often diagnosed on radiographical findings alone. In this paper, a case is described where a hemorrhagic bone cyst failed to heal completely after surgery and left a lesion resembling a latent bone cyst. This was probably caused by a defect of the lingual cortical plate first observed during surgical treatment. A tomogram subsequently revealed persistence of this lingual cortical defect. The case suggests that some lesions diagnosed as mandibular latent bone cysts may, in fact, be healing defects associated with pathological lesions having a defective lingual cortical plate. PMID- 6809677 TI - Preprosthetic mandibular vestibuloplasty with buccal mucosal graft. A 2-year follow-up study. AB - 21 patients with denture retention problems due to lack of mandibular vestibular denture space and alveolar ridge atrophy had a vestibuloplasty with free grafting of check mucosa performed under local anaesthesia on an out-patient basis. Follow up examinations based on metric records showed that 18% of the sulcus extension is lost during the first post-operative month, but regained by the time of the 6 month control, leaving 99% of the surgically created sulcus extension as a permanent gain. The grafted check mucosa served well as a denture-bearing tissue, and almost all patient had a significant improvement of denture retention and stability. Complications were few. The biology of healing is discussed in the light of recent concepts of wound healing. PMID- 6809678 TI - Skull radiology in patients with facial trauma. AB - In a retrospective study the primary radiographs of 723 patients with facial fracture were analyzed. In all, 392 (54%) skull radiographs were performed on these patients, in which only 26 (6.6%) skull fractures - 23 linear and 3 basal were detected. Skull radiographs taken particularly in connection with simple nasal fractures were found unnecessary. In fractures of the mandible the overuse of skull radiographs was obvious. Some 44% of skull radiographs were considered unsatisfactory mainly due to technical errors. It is concluded that for the majority of patients with facial trauma, projections applicable to facial fracture should be performed. Skull radiographs are recommended for multiply injured patients with facial trauma due to associated injuries. PMID- 6809679 TI - Periapical surgery of molars. PMID- 6809680 TI - Diffuse mesangial sclerosis and ocular abnormalities in two siblings. PMID- 6809681 TI - Synthesis of indium-labeled antibody-chelate conjugates for radioassays. AB - A method has been developed to achieve rapid and reproducible complexation of indium to transferrin at pH 7.4. The system consists of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) as the intermediate carrier ligand, whose function is to allow the 113m In ion, in a solution in Tris buffer, pH 7.4, to be transferred rapidly to the specific binding sites on transferrin. Just as in the case of iron, this complexation requires the presence of a synergistic ion such as bicarbonate. The present system can be used to allow the binding of 113mIn to transferrin when coupled to an antibody. This method has been tested by studying the conjugation of an antibody, the IgG fraction of goat anti-rabbit-IgG, with either transferrin or desferoxamine, using glutaraldehyde as the coupling agent. Optimization in terms of total protein concentration and glutaraldehyde levels lead to products where the specific metal binding capacity of the transferrin moiety remains unchanged, and where the antibody retains 70% of its antigenic activity. The present system can be considered an extension of the ELISA techniques and can be used to determine, by a terminal 113mIn labeling technique, the level of specific binding of an antibody to its antigen. PMID- 6809682 TI - Neurofibromatosis of the eyelid and orbit. PMID- 6809683 TI - Long-term study of fluvoxamine: a new rapid-acting antidepressant. AB - This was a 1-year study of fluvoxamine in 31 depressed male and female patients with a history of chronic recurring depression of various types. Fluvoxamine has a rapid action with lifting of the mood often within 4-7 days, in a dosage range from 150 to 200 mg/day. Suicidal ideation in 8 patients disappeared within 5-6 days. There were few side effects. This new antidepressant seemed to be very effective especially in endogenous depression. PMID- 6809684 TI - Lithium neurotoxicity in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Behavioral state-related aspects of neurotoxicity. AB - A large variability in the rates of lithium-induced toxic-confusional states is noted in studies of lithium treatment of schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. Treatment and subject factors which might contribute to this variability are reviewed. A greater frequency of lithium-induced toxic confusional states is found in more acutely ill schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. The possibility that some behavioral states may increase the risk for lithium neurotoxicity is discussed. PMID- 6809685 TI - Microinjection of fluorescently labeled proteins into living cells with emphasis on cytoskeletal proteins. PMID- 6809686 TI - Ureteral replacement in the dog using ethanol preserved glutaraldehyde umbilical vein. PMID- 6809687 TI - Hyperaldosteronism in ketoacidosis and in poorly controlled non-ketotic diabetes. PMID- 6809688 TI - Reye's syndrome--in disguise. PMID- 6809689 TI - HLA antigens and cryptogenic myoclonic epilepsy. PMID- 6809690 TI - Bioavailability and antimigraine efficacy of effervescent ergotamine. PMID- 6809691 TI - A case-mix approach to the control of hospital capital expenditures. PMID- 6809692 TI - Decision support systems in hospitals. PMID- 6809693 TI - Improving the knowledge base for health systems management: the strategy at Case Western Reserve University. PMID- 6809694 TI - [Skin changes in long-term dialysis patients. clinical study]. AB - Fifty-one regular hemodialysis patients underwent clinicodermatologic examination. Twenty-three of them were on regular hemodialysis for 2-3 years (group I), 28 patients for more than 8 years (group II). Both groups were matched in regard to primary kidney disease, age, and sex. A characteristic feature found was a marked premature aging of the skin, mainly imposing as actinic elastosis. The incidence was related to the duration of hemodialysis (56.5% of patients of the first group and 100% of patients of the second group). There was also a correlation between time on hemodialysis and an increase of skin pigmentation. Other phenomena like xeroderma, decrease of sebaceous and sweat gland secretion, and Raynaud syndrome were also seen more frequently in the second group, but the extent of these alterations was equal in both groups. Seventy-eight percent of the patients of the first group and 43% of the second group suffered from generalized pruritus. Two different froms of pruritus could be observed, one possibly atopic, only occurring during regular hemodialysis, the other occurring independent of hemodialysis. accumulation of rare phenomena like carpal-tunnel syndrome and Dupuytren's contractures in group II together with the frequent occurrence of actinic elastosis implies systemic disturbance of collagen metabolism in long-term regular hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6809695 TI - Long-term monitoring of patients with implanted pacemakers. PMID- 6809696 TI - Total parenteral nutrition: a nursing perspective. PMID- 6809698 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. VI. Crossing-over in secondary non disjunction exceptionals. PMID- 6809697 TI - Intravenous nitroglycerin in acute infarction. Part II. AB - Intravenous nitroglycerin is helpful as an adjunct to the judicious use of diuretics in the management of CHF complicating an acute MI. The clinical end point when using intravenous nitroglycerin is a reduced LVEDP, 16 mm Hg, measured either by PA diastolic pressure or PCWP, provided peripheral perfusion is not compromised, i.e., as blood pressure adequate for peripheral needs (absence of signs of hypovolemic shock). The reduction in cardiac work plus the improvement in coronary flow to the ischemic area can help reduce infarct size, especially if intravenous nitroglycerin is started within the first 6 hours of the onset of an acute MI. PMID- 6809699 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. VII. Evidence of normal chromosome pairing in the distal ends of X-chromosomes in secondary non-disjunction. PMID- 6809700 TI - Genetics of inbred Drosophila melanogaster. VIII. The effects of inbreeding on recombination. PMID- 6809701 TI - Simple mendelian inheritance at a locus coding for alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in brown trout (Salmo trutta). PMID- 6809703 TI - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis: report of case. PMID- 6809702 TI - Immunohistochemical detection of bovine ruminal carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme. AB - Rabbits immunized with low-activity ruminal carbonic anhydrase (RCA) isoenzyme, extracted from ruminal epithelial cells isolated by digestion with trypsin, yielded anti-RCA sera which reacted specifically with bovine RCA in double agar gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic tests, but failed to cross-react with bovine erythrocyte CA. The localization of RCA was identified in histological sections and isolated ruminal epithelial cell preparations by indirect immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase tests as the basal, spinosum and granulosum layers of ruminal mucous epithelium. PMID- 6809705 TI - Comparison of the cytotoxicity of 5-thio-D-glucose and misonidazole on hypoxic cells in vitro. AB - The cytotoxicity of 5-thio-D-glucose (5-TG) and misonidazole (MISO) on hypoxic cells in vitro was compared, and the combined effect of these two compounds was investigated. The cytotoxicity of 5-TG on hypoxic SCK mammary carcinoma cells of mice was markedly greater than that of MISO. However, MISO was more toxic than was 5-TG to P815-X2 mastocytoma cells of mice. The elevation of temperature from 37.5 degrees C to 40.0 degrees C during incubation with drugs greatly enhanced the cell death. The thermal enhancement of cytotoxicity of 5-TG to mastocytoma cells appeared to be greater than that of MISO. Preliminary studies indicated that the combined effect of 5-TG and MISO is additive, suggesting the intracellular targets or cytocidal mechanisms of these two compounds may be different. PMID- 6809704 TI - Misonidazole and unconventional radiation in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus: a phase II study of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. AB - This is a report on Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Protocol No. 78-32, a Phase I/II prospective study aimed at determining tolerance, tumor response, and survival of squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus treated with unorthodox fractionation radiotherapy combined with misonidazole. Misonidazole was administered by mouth 4 to 6 hr prior to radiation, at a dose of 1.0 to 1.25 Gm/.m2; blood levels were measured at about 4 hr after intake of the drug and reported in micrograms/ml. Radiotherapy was administered at 4 to 6 hr post misonidazole dose and given with 400 rad fractions, alternating 2 or 3 times/week, up to 4,800 rad. A total of 43 patients were entered; 26 are evaluable for survival at 1 year post accession. Thirty patients (88%) received the planned radiation course. Twenty-eight patients (78%) received the planned misonidazole dosage. Tumor response, evaluable in 18 patients, showed a complete regression (C.R.) in only 2 patients (11%); and partial response (P.R.) in 6 patients (33%). Eight patients (44%) showed no tumor response to planned therapy. Toxicity was acceptable and in 38 evaluable patients only 4 reported (11%) nausea and vomiting, 7 reported mild paresthesias (18%). The median survival was only five months. In 26 patients evaluable for 1 year survival determination, only 1 survived (3.8%) this period. In view of the poor tumor response and low survival observed, we do not recommend that this particular fractionation regimen with misonidazole be used in a Phase III randomized trial in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. PMID- 6809708 TI - The significance of screen resolution in treatment verification. PMID- 6809706 TI - Mitomycin-C as a prototype bioreductive alkylating agent: in vitro studies of metabolism and cytotoxicity. AB - The bioreductive alkylating agents are prodrugs for chemotherapy which are enzymatically reduced within cells to species capable of alkylating biological molecules and producing cytotoxic damage. Studies presented in this report show that MIT-C has the characteristics expected of a bioreductive alkylating agent: activation to alkylating species occurs more readily under hypoxic conditions and the drug is selectively cytotoxic to hypoxic cells. PMID- 6809707 TI - Prognostic parameters in early stage Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6809709 TI - Summary results from the Facilities Master List surveys conducted by the Patterns of Care Study. PMID- 6809710 TI - Current concepts in cancer: ovary--treatment for stages III and IV. Chemotherapy in advanced disease. PMID- 6809711 TI - Current concepts in cancer: ovary--treatment for stages III and IV. The multimodal approach to the treatment of stage III ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6809712 TI - Radiation therapy in the management of ocular juvenile xanthogranuloma. PMID- 6809713 TI - Cytotoxicities of mitomycin C and x rays to aerobic and hypoxic cells in vitro. AB - Aerobic and hypoxic EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cels in exponential growth in vitro were used to study cell survival after treatment with radiation (250kV X rays) and mitomycin C in various combinations. The cytotoxicities of the two agents were found to be additive as judged by comparing dose-response curves for each agent alone with survival curves after combination therapy and by isobologram analysis. The cytotoxicities resulting from combination treatments were found to be independent of the sequence of the treatments or the interval between treatments. PMID- 6809714 TI - Propranolol-vagal-alveolar CO2 interactions on collateral gas flow in dog lungs. AB - The mechanical properties of a collaterally ventilating lung segment were studied in 18 anesthetized paralyzed mongrel dogs artificially ventilated with room air end-tidal CO2 fraction = 5%. Nine dogs were pretreated with propranolol, and nine dogs were not. With 0, 5, or 12% CO2 in O2 flowing into the segment, steady-state resistance of segmental airways (Rss) and time for 90% pressure equilibration (T90) between the segment and airway opening after flow was discontinued were determined at functional residual capacity with the vagus nerve ipsilateral to the segment intact, sectioned, or electrically stimulated. Vagal stimulation increased Rss and T90 at all CO2 levels, whereas unilateral vagotomy had no effect. Propranolol treatment enhanced the increase in Rss caused by vagal stimulation at low but not at high CO2 levels, suggesting that high CO2 mimics the effect of propranolol on Rss. High levels of CO2 did not have the same effect as propranolol on T90, propranolol treatment reducing the increase in T90 caused by vagal stimulation at high but not at low CO2 levels. These results demonstrate that local changes in alveolar CO2 tensions modify but do not abolish the effect of vagal stimulation on collateral ventilation. PMID- 6809715 TI - Alae nasi activation and nasal resistance in healthy subjects. AB - To investigate the effect of alae nasi (AN) activation on nasal resistance, we monitored AN electromyographic (EMG) activity in 17 healthy subjects using surface electrodes placed on either side of the external nares and measured inspiratory nasal resistance utilizing the method of posterior rhinometry. With CO2 inhalation (6 subj), AN EMG activity increased as nasal resistance fell 23 +/ 5% (P less than 0.01). In the same subjects, voluntary flaring of the external nares also increased AN EMG and decreased nasal resistance by 29 +/- 5% (P less than 0.01). Nasal resistance was altered by nasal flaring and CO2 inhalation even after administration of a topical nasal vasoconstrictive spray (8 subj). In six subjects, voluntary nasal flaring or inhibition with the mouth closed produced a 21 +/- 12% change (P less than 0.01) in total airway resistance as measured by body plethysmography. We conclude that activation of the alae nasi will decrease nasal and total airway resistance during voluntary nasal flaring and during CO2 inhalation and thus should be considered in any studies of upper airway resistance. PMID- 6809716 TI - Parameters of ventilatory and gas exchange dynamics during exercise. AB - To determine the precise nonsteady-state characteristics of ventilation (VE), O2 uptake (VO2), and CO2 output (VCO2) during moderate-intensity exercise, six subjects each underwent eight repetitions of 100-W constant-load cycling. The tests were preceded either by rest or unloaded cycling ("0" W). An early component of VE, VO2, and VCO2 responses, which was obscured on any single test by the breath-to-breath fluctuations, became apparent when the several repetitions were averaged. These early responses were abrupt when the work was instituted from rest but were much slower and smaller from the 0-W base line and corresponded to the phase of cardiodynamic gas exchange. Some 20 s after the onset of the work a further monoexponential increase to steady state occurred in all three variables, the time constants of which did not differ between the two types of test. Consequently, the exponential behavior of VE, VO2, and VCO2 in response to moderate exercise is best described by a model that incorporates only the second phase of the response. PMID- 6809717 TI - Measurement of lung water in dog lobes using inhaled C15O2 and injected H215O. AB - Indicator-dilution analysis was used in a recirculation-free isolated dog lobe preparation to compare an inhaled water tracer (C15O2) and an injected water tracer (H215O) with direct weighing as a measure of total lung water. Residue detection (counting over the lung) was compared with outflow detection (counting over the venous effluent). With outflow detection, inhaled C15O2 measured 74% and injected H215O 90% of the gravimetric lung water. In hemodynamic edema, the increase in lung water measured by residue detection of both tracers correlated well with increases in weight (r = 0.92, slope = 1.03). However, outflow detection of both tracers underestimated the lung water increase by 53% in edema (r = 0.88, slope = 0.47). Thus, in edema, equilibration of both tracers within the lung water volume is rapid, but clearance from the lung is delayed because slowly clearing water pools develop. The errors caused by inhomogeneity of perfusion distribution were investigated after pulmonary arterial injection of 34 , 50-, and 175-micrometers spheres. For the same lung weight, C15O2 transit was delayed and H215O transit accelerated greatly by the 175-micrometers spheres and slightly by the 50-micrometers spheres. PMID- 6809718 TI - Effects of glycogen depletion and pedaling speed on "anaerobic threshold". AB - Nine male subjects performed continuous incremental exercise on a bicycle ergometer pedaling at 50 and 90 rpm in a normal glycogen state (NG) and at 50 rpm in a glycogen-depleted state (GD) to determine if alterations in pedaling frequency and muscle glycogen content would affect their "anaerobic thresholds." Ventilatory [T(vent)] and lactate [T(lac)] thresholds were identified as the points after which expired minute volume and blood lactate began to increase nonlinearly as a function of work rate. The GD protocol elicited a significant divergence between the two thresholds shifting the T(vent) to a lesser and the T(lac) to a greater work rate relative to the NG state. When the pedaling frequency was increased to 90 rpm in the NG condition, the T(lac) was shifted to a lesser work rate relative to the 50-rpm NG condition. A correlation of only 0.71 was obtained between subjects' T(vent) and T(lac). In subjects of less than 70 kg body wt, the T(lac) came at a work rate 400 kg.m.min-1 less than in subjects of greater than 80 kg body wt despite equivalent O2 uptake. The observation that the T(vent) and T(lac) could be manipulated independently of each other reveals limitations in using the T(vent) to estimate the so-called anaerobic threshold. PMID- 6809719 TI - Ventilatory response to inspired CO2 in normal and carotid body-denervated ponies. AB - The purpose of these studies was to gain insight into mechanisms regulating pulmonary ventilation (VE), arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2), and arterial pH (pHa) in ponies when inspired CO2 partial pressure (PICO2) is above normal. Ponies were studied four times daily each weekday for 2 wk in an environmental chamber. Each study consisted of a 15-min control period (PICO2 = 0.7 Torr) followed by a 15- to 30-min experimental period during which PICO2 in the chamber was 0.7, 7, 14, 21, 28, or 42 Torr (PIO2 = 147 Torr throughout). Between 11 and 15 min of each period, four 3-ml samples of arterial blood were drawn, each over 45 s. In 12 normal ponies, elevation of PICO2 to 7 Torr caused PaCO2 to increase approximately 0.4 Torr (P less than 0.01) and pHa to decrease approximately 0.003 (P less than 0.02) relative to control. The hypercapnia and acidosis increased progressively as PICO2 was increased in 7- to 14-Torr increments to 42 Torr (P less than 0.02). Accordingly, the hyperpnea in these ponies during CO2 inhalation could have been mediated by carotid and intracranial chemoreceptors. One month after carotid body denervation (CBD) in nine ponies, PaCO2 during control conditions was 6 Torr above normal, but during CO2 inhalation, PaCO2 changed less from control than during CO2 inhalation before CBD (P less than 0.01). The delta VE/ delta PaCO2 near eupneic PaCO2 appeared to be above normal 1 mo after CBD (P less than 0.01). The mechanism of this increase was not discernible from our data. Finally, our data indicated that the magnitude of the hypercapnia and acidosis during CO2 inhalation was inversely related to PaCO2 and breathing frequency during control conditions. PMID- 6809720 TI - Effect of elevated PICO2 on metabolic rate in humans and ponies. AB - The primary purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acute (20-30 min) elevations of inspired CO2 partial pressure (PICO2) on whole-body O2 consumption (VO2). In human subjects, VO2 increased approximately 15 ml.min-1.m-2 with each 7-Torr increment in PICO2 from 0.4 to 28 Torr (P less than 0.05), but VO2 did not change significantly when PICO2 was increased from 28 to 35 and 42 Torr (P greater than 0.05). In ponies, VO2 did not change when PICO2 was increased from 0.7 to 7 Torr (P greater than 0.05), but it increased about 6 ml.min-1.m-2 with each 7-Torr increment in PICO2 from 7 to 28 Torr, and it increased 18 ml.min-1.m-2 when PICO2 was increased from 28 to 42 Torr (P less than 0.05). At low PICO2 the delta VO2/ delta VE was 25 and 7 ml/l for humans and ponies, respectively, where VE is pulmonary ventilation. These values exceeded the expected O2 cost of breathing; hence, some factor, such as shivering or nonshivering thermogenesis, contributed to the elevated VO2. At high PICO2, VE increased without a proportional increase in VO2; thus the delta VO2/ delta VE decreased to about 2.5 ml/l in ponies and to near 0.0 in humans. Accordingly, at high PICO2 some VO2-suppressing factor partially counteracted those factors stimulating VO2. The maximum decrease from control pHa was 0.061 and 0.038 in humans and ponies, respectively. It is questionable whether this mild acidosis was sufficient to suppress VO2. In both species, pulmonary excretion of metabolic CO2 and the respiratory exchange ratio were below control during CO2 inhalation (P less than 0.01), which suggested an increased tissue storage of CO2. PMID- 6809721 TI - Thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage associated with gold salt therapy for bullous pemphigoid in a dog. PMID- 6809722 TI - Culture of rat embryos with beta-D-xyloside: evidence of a role for proteoglycans in neurulation. AB - Day 9 rat embryos were cultured during the period of cranial neurulation in medium containing 1 mm beta-d-xyloside, a substance which inhibits proteoglycan synthesis while stimulating the synthesis of free chains of chondroitin sulphate. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the morphogenetic role of chondroitin sulphate, a component of the neuroepithelial basement membrane and other extracellular regions, and to discover whether it was present in the form of proteoglycan. The histochemical results indicated a great reduction in chondroitin/chondroitin sulphate and in heparan sulphate in the neuroepithelial basement membrane and elsewhere, in beta-D-xyloside-cultured embryos. Ultrastructural studies showed an effect on the structural integrity of the neuroepithelium, with breaks in the basement membrane and abnormal form of apical microfilament bundles. These observations were correlated morphogenetically with failure of the convex neural folds to be converted to flat-concave structures, and to change their epithelial organization from columnar to pseudostratified. Neural crest cell migration was slightly retarded but apparently normal. The results are interpreted as indicating that the sulphated glycosaminoglycans, chondroitin/chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate, are present in the form of proteoglycan in the neuroepithelial basement membrane and elsewhere in the cranial region of day 9/day 10 rat embryos, and that they have a morphogenetic function during cranial neurulation. PMID- 6809723 TI - Isolation and structure of novel autoregulators from Streptomyces griseus. PMID- 6809724 TI - Isolation and identification of althiomycin from Cystobacter fuscus (myxobacterales). PMID- 6809725 TI - Effect of atmosphere of incubation and inoculum size on the susceptibility of Eikenella corrodens. PMID- 6809726 TI - Non-A non-B hepatitis in Bombay City (preliminary report). PMID- 6809727 TI - [Uncommon diverticula of the upper digestive tract (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809728 TI - Lysine biosynthesis in Rhodotorula glutinis: properties of pipecolic acid oxidase. AB - Pipecolic acid oxidase from Rhodotorula glutinis, which converts pipecolic acid to alpha-aminoadipic-delta-semialdehyde, an intermediate of the biosynthetic pathway of lysine, was purified 290-fold. The enzyme from the crude extract and purified preparation exhibited a molecular weight of approximately 43,000 and was composed of a single subunit. The purified enzyme was heat labile and exhibited a pH optimum of 8.5 and an apparent Km for L-pipecolic acid of 1.67 X 10(-3) M. L Proline acted as a competitive inhibitor for the enzyme. The enzyme was inhibited by the sulfhydryl agents p-chloromercuribenzoate and mercuric chloride. The in vitro enzyme activity required oxygen and upon oxidation of pipecolic acid, oxygen was reduced to hydrogen peroxide. PMID- 6809729 TI - Insertion of bacteriophage SP beta into the citF gene of Bacillus subtilis and specialized transduction of the ilvBC-leu genes. AB - We isolated a strain of Bacillus subtilis in which the SP beta c2 prophage is inserted into the citF (succinate dehydrogenase) gene. Defective specialized transducing particles for the ilvBC-leu genes were isolated from phage-induced lysates of this lysogen. We isolated a group of phages that differ in the amount of genetic material they carry from this region. Also, we incorporated mutant ilv and leu alleles into the genomes of several transducing phages. Our phage collection enables us to identify the cistron of new ilv and leu mutations by complementation analysis. In this process we discovered a fourth leu cistron, leuD. Characterization of the phages confirmed the published gene order: ilvB ilvC-leuA-leuC-leuB; leuD lies to the right of leuB. PMID- 6809730 TI - Occurrence of alpha-tocopherolquinone and alpha-tocopherolquinol in microorganisms. AB - Both alpha-tocopherolquinol and alpha-tocopherolquinone were found in 56 of 93 strains of microorganisms examined. Organisms that contained these compounds included the single example of a eucaryotic alga, a Euglena, and a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga), 22 of 32 genera of bacteria, and 9 genera of yeasts. In the bacteria and yeasts the levels of quinone and hydroquinone were nearly equal and averaged about 3 nmol of each compound g-1 of packed cells. Included among the bacteria that contained these compounds were three examples from the newly proposed kingdom of Archaebacteriae. Those microorganisms that did not contain alpha-tocopherolquinol or alpha-tocopherolquinone tended to fall into two groups. One group consisted of gram-positive, anaerobic or facultative bacteria with a low content of guanine and cytosine, and the second group encompassed all of the filamentous microorganisms studied. No metabolic function is known for alpha tocopherolquinol or its quinone other than as a cofactor in the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids that can be carried out by only a few organisms. PMID- 6809731 TI - Molecular basis for cytadsorption of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. AB - Hemadsorbing (HA+) virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae and spontaneously derived nonhemadsorbing (HA-) avirulent mutants were compared by biochemical and ultrastructural techniques in an attempt to understand the molecular basis for cytadsorption. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of intact mycoplasmas indicated that both virulent and avirulent mycoplasmas displayed similar surface protein patterns. A specific external protein, P1 (molecular weight, 165,000), previously implicated as a major ligand mediating attachment, was readily detected in HA+ and HA- mycoplasma strains. However, immunoferritin electron microscopy, with monospecific antibody against P1, revealed that differences in P1 topography existed among these strains. Only virulent mycoplasmas exhibited high concentrations of P1 at the terminal organelle. Avirulent mycoplasmas which possessed P1 showed no P1 clustering at the terminus. Both virulent M. pneumoniae and avirulent P1-containing mutants possessed numerous less dense P1 regions along the mycoplasma surface. Not surprisingly, an HA- mutant lacking P1 exhibited only background immunoferritin labeling. Negative staining of intact mycoplasmas revealed a well-defined, naplike terminus (associated with P1 clusters) confined at the tip of virulent M. pneumoniae. Previous characterization of HA+ virulent and HA- avirulent strains of M. pneumoniae by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggests that identified groups of mycoplasma proteins, lacking in specific HA- mycoplasmas, regulate the physical arrangement of P1 and the ultrastructure of the terminus, thus influencing adherence to the respiratory epithelium and virulence. PMID- 6809733 TI - Calmodulin regulation of phospholipid and fatty acid methylation by rat liver microsomes. AB - The addition of micromolar Ca2+ in the presence of ATP (10 microM) to rat liver microsomes stimulates phospholipid methylation and the formation of fatty acid methyl esters. Our data indicate that calmodulin mediates the effect of Ca2+ on both phospholipid and fatty acid methylation. This evidence includes: 1) chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of Ca2+ effects mediated through calmodulin, prevented the activation by Ca2+ plus ATP of the methylation reactions; 2) isolation of the microsomes in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (5 mM), to remove endogenous calmodulin also prevented Ca2+ plus ATP stimulation of both phospholipid and fatty acid methylation; 3) the addition of exogenous calmodulin to microsomes isolated in the presence of 5 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid restored Ca3+ plus ATP stimulation of both classes of lipids: and 4) pre-incubation of liver microsomes with an antiserum against calmodulin prevented the activation of lipid methylation by Ca2+ plus ATP. PMID- 6809732 TI - Peptide maps of regulatory subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. AB - Peptide maps of four regulatory subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase were obtained. Three sigma-like proteins (sigma 55, sigma 37, and sigma 29) as well as the transcription modification factor, delta (delta) protein, were shown to give unique peptide patterns. This observation demonstrates that each is a distinct protein species; none is derived from another by a simple proteolytic modification. PMID- 6809735 TI - Pathways of acetoacetate's formation in liver and kidney. AB - Specifically 14C-labeled palmitic acids were perfused through livers and incubated with slices of kidneys from rats in diabetic ketosis. The distribution of 14C in the hydroxybutyric acid formed was determined. In liver, the ratio of incorporation of 14C from [13-14C]palmitic acid into carbon 1 to carbon 3 of the hydroxybutyric acid was the same as the ratio in carbon 2 to carbon 4 from [6 14C]palmitic acid. In kidney, the carbon 1-to-carbon 3 ratio was more than twice the carbon 2-to-carbon 4 ratio. In both tissues, 14C from [16-14C] palmitic acid was preferentially incorporated into carbon 4 compared to carbon 2 of the hydroxybutyric acid, but more so in liver than kidney. These results mean that in liver, the sole pathway of acetoacetate formation is via hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA, while in kidney it is not. Rather in kidney, acetoacetyl-CoA is converted to acetoacetate to a large extent by direct deacylation, presumably via a transferase- and/or deacylase-catalyzed reaction. In liver, most of the palmitic acid utilized is converted to acetoacetate while in kidney it is not. We previously estimated that, as a minimum, 11% of the hydroxybutyric acid excreted by the rat in diabetic ketosis is formed without hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA as an intermediate. The kidney appears to be the source of this hydroxybutyric acid if the pathways operative in these tissues in vitro are those that also operate in vivo. PMID- 6809736 TI - The step of carbon monoxide liberation in the sequence of heme degradation catalyzed by the reconstituted microsomal heme oxygenase system. PMID- 6809734 TI - A method for quantitating the contributions of the pathways of acetoacetate formation and its application to diabetic ketosis in vivo. AB - A method has been developed for estimating in the intact cell the contribution of deacylation of acetoacetyl-CoA to the formation of acetoacetate relative to acetoacetate's formation via hydroxymethylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA. Estimates depend upon the fraction of the terminal four carbons of an even carbon-containing fatty acid that are converted to acetoacetate without prior conversion to acetyl-CoA, since in the formation of acetoacetate via HMG-CoA the omega-2 and omega-3 carbons of the fatty acid are converted to acetyl-CoA. Incorporation of 14C from [16-14C]palmitic acid into carbon 2 relative to carbon 4 of acetoacetate is used as the measure of the formation of the acetoacetate from the omega and omega-1 carbons of the fatty acid without acetyl-CoA as an intermediate. Incorporation of 14C from [13-14C]palmitic acid into carbon 1 relative to carbon 3 of acetoacetate is the measure of the formation of acetoacetate from the omega-2 and omega-3 carbons without acetyl-CoA as an intermediate. Comparison of these incorporations is made with incorporation into the carbons of acetoacetate of 14C from palmitic acid labeled with 14C in any of its first 12 carbons since such incorporation must proceed via acetyl-CoA as an intermediate. In an application of this approach, the specifically 14C-labeled palmitic acids were injected into rats in diabetic ketosis. Hydroxybutyric acid that each rat excreted was isolated and degraded. From the ratios of incorporation into the carbons of the hydroxybutyrates, as a minimum, 11% of the total quantity of hydroxybutyrate excreted by the rats was formed from acetoacetyl-CoA without HMG-CoA as an intermediate. PMID- 6809737 TI - Formation of 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha, 6,15-dioxoprostaglandin F1 alpha, and monohydroxyicosatetraenoic acids from arachidonic acid by fetal calf aorta and ductus arteriosus. AB - Particulate fractions and slices from fetal calf aorta convert arachidonic acid to 6-oxoprostaglandin F1 alpha (6-oxoPGF1 alpha), 6,15-dioxoPGF1 alpha, 12 hydroxy-5,8,10-heptadecatrienoic acid, 11-hydroxy-5,8,12,14-icosatetraenoic acid (11h-20:4), and 15-hydroxy-5,8,11,13-icosatetraenoic acid (15h-20:4). In some cases, small amounts of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic acid (12h-20:4) were also detected. The products were all identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after purification by normal phase and argentation high pressure liquid chromatography. Both 11h-20:4 and 15h-20:4 appeared to be formed by prostaglandin endoperoxide synthetase rather than by lipoxygenases, since their formation was inhibited by indomethacin but not by nordihydroguaiaretic acid. The formation of 12h-20:4, on the other hand, was stimulated by indomethacin, probably due to increased substrate availability. The formation of hydroxyicosatetraenoic acids was markedly stimulated by adrenaline. Substantial amounts of 6,15-dioxoPGF1 alpha were formed from arachidonic acid by particulate fractions from fetal calf blood vessels, especially in the presence of relatively high substrate concentrations. The formation of this product was stimulated by methemoglobin and inhibited by adrenaline, glutathione, and tryptophan. It would appear that particulate fractions from fetal calf aorta convert arachidonic acid to 15-hydroperoxyPGI2, which can either be reduced in the presence of various cofactors to form PGI2 or dehydrated to give 15-oxoPGI2. The formation of hydroperoxides from arachidonic acid could be an important factor in regulating PGI2 synthesis in aorta, since PGI2 synthetase is strongly inhibited by such intermediates. PMID- 6809738 TI - Purification and characterization of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase from an ascites hepatoma, AH 66. AB - The membrane-bound UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase from an ascites hepatoma, AH 66, has been purified 48,100-fold, mainly by affinity chromatography in aqueous Triton X-100 on apomucin (deglycosylated bovine submaxillary mucin) coupled to Sepharose. The purified preparation behaved homogeneously on gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 in aqueous Triton X-100 and on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with an apparent molecular weight of about 55,000. The enzyme requires Mn2+, and only UDP-GalNAc served as a sugar donor. Apomucin, A1 protein, kappa-casein, apofetuin, and apoantifreeze glycoproteins served as acceptors, but the rate and amount of the transfer varied considerably from one acceptor to another. The transfer reaction terminated at the level of glycosylation of from only a few to at most about 40% of the serine plus threonine residues from which mucin-type oligosaccharides had been removed. This indicates that the transferase requires a certain conformation surrounding the acceptor site, but suggests also that a special mechanism may be functioning in vivo for frequent glycosylation of the abundant serine plus threonine residues of mucins. Lacto-N-fucopentaose I, ceramide di- and trihexosides, and globoside were not acceptors. PMID- 6809739 TI - Bovine thyroglobulin. 27 S iodoprotein interactions with thyroid membranes and formation of a 27 S iodoprotein in vitro. PMID- 6809740 TI - The transport of alanine, serine, and cysteine in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The transport of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine has been studied in skin derived diploid human fibroblasts in culture. Competition analysis, mathematical discrimination by nonlinear regression, and conditions varying the relative contribution of the various mediations have been used to characterize the systems engaged in the inward transport of these amino acids. All the adopted criteria yielded results showing that L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine enter the cell by two Na+-dependent systems, System A and System ASC, and by a Na+-independent route, whose major component has been identified as System L. The apparent affinity of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine for the putative carrier was higher for System ASC than for System A. The transport Vmax for System A increased in response to cell starvation; after 12 h, its values were similar or higher than those exhibited by System ASC. At amino acid concentrations approaching those present in human plasma, System ASC appeared to be the primary mediation for the inward transport of L-alanine, L-serine, and L-cysteine in human fibroblasts. The contribution of System A was negligible in nonstarved cells and became appreciable under conditions of cell starvation. The Na+ independent System L made no substantial contribution to the uptake of L-alanine and L-serine and accounted for approximately one-fourth of the total uptake of L cysteine. PMID- 6809741 TI - Regulation of the branched chain alpha-ketoacid pathway in liver. PMID- 6809742 TI - A mapping technique for probing the structure of proteoglycan core molecules. AB - Our previous work showed that treatment of chick embryo cartilage proteoglycan (PG-H) with chondroitinase-AC II and keratanase yielded a protein-rich core fraction having enzymatically modified linkage oligosaccharides. The core sample has now been analyzed by tryptic peptide mapping, in which the isolated core sample contained in a single Coomassie blue-staining band from a dried slab gel is radioiodinated and treated with trypsin, and the resultant tryptic peptides are displayed two-dimensionally on a silica gel thin layer plate. The map thus obtained exhibited 22 major peptide spots, the resolution and location of which were reproducible. In order to identify regions of the core polypeptide from which the tryptic peptides are derived, PG-H was cleaved with clostripain under conditions that yield a hyaluronic acid-binding fragment with an apparent Mr = 150,000 and chondroitin sulfate-peptide clusters of smaller molecular sizes. Although the peptide maps of the two size classes of clostripain fragments differed significantly from each other, the patterns of spots, as a whole, were extensively similar to those observed with the intact core molecule. These results have provided additional evidence that PG-H has a single, nonvariable core protein structure. In addition, the technique used here will provide a versatile method for the identification of genetic types in this increasingly complex family of matrix macromolecules. PMID- 6809743 TI - Identification of the carboxyl peptides of mouse procollagen IV and its implications for the assembly and structure of basement membrane procollagen. AB - Clusters of mouse PF-HR9 endoderm cells derived from teratocarcinoma PCC4-F cells were incubated with [3H]proline and [35S]methionine. The synthesis of pro alpha 1 IV and pro alpha 2 IV chains and their association into triple helically folded disulfide-linked molecules were followed. Short incubations and incubations with pactamycin showed that approximately 30,000 molecular weight collagenase resistant peptides, which are destroyed by pepsin, form the carboxyl end of the pro alpha IV chains. While disulfide links bridge parts of individual peptides, the carboxyl peptides of the three chains of a molecule are not disulfide linked to each other. We propose that these peptides form the knob protrusion seen in electron micrographs of rotary shadowed procollagen IV molecules. The implications of these findings, especially for the relatively slow assembly of procollagen IV, are discussed. PMID- 6809744 TI - Electron microscopic studies of cartilage proteoglycans. Direct evidence for the variable length of the chondroitin sulfate-rich region of proteoglycan subunit core protein. PMID- 6809745 TI - Refolding of bovine threonine-neochymotrypsinogen. AB - The mixed disulfide derivative of fully reduced neochymotrypsinogen was refolded at pH 9.2 and 4 degrees C with 4 mM cysteine as the disulfide interchange catalyst. The yield of regenerated neochymotrypsinogen was 25%; the corresponding yield of refolded chymotrypsinogen was 50%. The refolded neochymotrypsinogen exhibited the characteristics of the native molecule as determined from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the enzymatic properties of the activated zymogen. The rate of refolding of neochymotrypsinogen was approximately the same as that found for chymotrypsinogen. These studies show that two separate fully reduced polypeptide chains were capable of refolding, associating with one another, and regenerating a native structure with full biological activity. PMID- 6809746 TI - The effect of calcium load on the calcium permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The effect of intravesicular and extravesicular calcium concentration on the passive efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles isolated from cardiac and skeletal muscle was determined by measuring net efflux of calcium after stopping pump-mediated fluxes. The apparent permeability, calculated as the passive efflux divided by the total intravesicular calcium, depended on calcium load. This dependence of the apparent permeability on calcium load could be explained by the presence of intravesicular calcium-binding sites with a dissociation constant less than 10(-3) M. When the intravesicular bound calcium was taken into account, passive calcium efflux was found to be linearly related to the difference in calcium concentration across the SR membrane. Thus the permeability of the SR membrane is independent of intravesicular and extravesicular calcium concentration in the ranges investigated. The average first order rate constant for passive calcium efflux for six preparations was 0.8 +/- 0.2 min-1 for skeletal and 0.7 +/- 0.1 min-1 for cardiac SR. The amount of intravesicular bound calcium for the same preparations was 33 +/- 6 nmol mg-1 for skeletal and 13 +/- 2 nmol mg-1 for cardiac SR. The first order rate constants were unaffected by Mg concentration between 0.1 +/- 15.1 mM and by the presence of an ATP-regenerating system. The results suggest that some minimal calcium load may be required in order to observe a substantial passive calcium efflux, the passive calcium efflux is not carrier mediated, and passive calcium efflux is not a likely route of calcium release during excitation-contraction coupling. PMID- 6809747 TI - Lipoxygenase activity in rat kidney glomeruli, glomerular epithelial cells, and cortical tubules. AB - We examined the possibility that renal glomerular and cortical tubular tissue has lipoxygenase activity in addition to the well established cyclo-oxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. Homogenized rat kidney glomeruli, in the presence of meclofenamate (33 microM) and divalent cation ionophore A23187 (3 microM), metabolized octatritiated arachidonic acid to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and lesser amounts of 80 and/or 9-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. These products were identified by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. In order to rule out the synthesis of hydroxylated fatty acids by platelets and leukocytes entrapped in the glomeruli, we studied lipoxygenase products in glomerular epithelial cells after 9 days in cell culture. Homogenized glomerular epithelial cells converted octatritiated arachidonic acid to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid solely. The lipoxygenase activity in cortical tubules was substantially less than in glomeruli and only 12 hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was synthesized. The production of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by lipoxygenase inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, 5,-homogenized glomeruli, glomerular epithelial cells, and cortical tubules was inhibited by three 8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid, and 1-phenyl-3 pyrazolidone. These data demonstrate that there is lipoxygenase activity in rat kidney glomeruli, glomerular epithelial cells and to a lesser extent cortical tubules, and may imply a role of the lipoxygenase products in the regulation of normal glomerular function and inflammatory disease of the kidney. PMID- 6809748 TI - Euglena gracilis chloroplast small subunit rRNA. Sequence and base pairing potential of the 3' terminus, cleavage by colicin E3. AB - RNA sequencing methods have been used to determine sequences at the 3' ends of the small subunit RNAs from Euglena gracilis cytoplasmic and chloroplast ribosomes. The cytoplasmic rRNA sequence, AUCAU psi GOH, has features typical of eukaryotic 18 S rRNAs. The sequence at the 3' terminus of the chloroplast 17 S rRNA, AACAACUCCCOH, differs in several positions from nucleotides conserved in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic small subunit rRNAs, but it does terminate with a pyrimidine tract. Like prokaryotic ribosomes, the chloroplast ribosome displays highly specific binding to purine-rich oligonucleotides. The 30 S subunits select from a random mixture of oligonucleotides only those that contain the sequence GGGAG, which is complementary to the 3' end of 17 S rRNA. The 68S chloroplast ribosome has been shown to be a substrate in vitro for colicin E3. Colicin E3 introduces a cleavage at a position in the chloroplast 17 S rRNA that corresponds exactly to that hydrolyzed in Escherichia coli S rRNA. These results suggest that the 3'-terminal region of 17 S rRNA has an arrangement in the 68 S chloroplast ribosome that may be equivalent to that of the prokaryotic ribosome, with the 3' end exposed in the 30 S subunit for interactions with complementary RNA sequences. PMID- 6809750 TI - Secretion of serum amyloid protein and assembly of serum amyloid protein-rich high density lipoprotein in primary mouse hepatocyte culture. AB - The serum amyloid protein (apo-SAA) is a unique high density lipoprotein apoprotein exhibiting dramatic increases in plasma concentration following host injury. The events involved in the secretion of apo-SAA and assembly of apo-SAA rich lipoprotein particles were studied in primary, serum-free culture of adult BALB/c mouse hepatocytes harvested 3 h following administration of the potent apo SAA inducer, bacterial endotoxin (50 micrograms of intraperitoneally administered Salmonella typhosa lipopolysaccharide). An approximately 3.5-fold increase in the initial rate of apo-SAA secretion was observed over that of hepatocytes isolated from control mice, whereas the rate of apo-A-I secretion was unchanged by endotoxin administration. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and autoradiography of [35S]methionine-labeled cell products indicated the synthesis of both major mouse apo-SAA isotypes by hepatocytes. Essentially all of the secreted apo-SAA chromatographed in Sephadex G-150 with an elution volume corresponding to a molecular weight of approximately 12,000. Approximately 90% of the secreted apo-SAA was recovered in fractions (d greater than 1.21 g/ml) following ultracentrifugal fractionation. In media supplemented with human lipoproteins (100 micrograms/ml), approximately 50% of the secreted apo-SAA was recovered in the high density lipoprotein fraction. These results suggest that mouse apo-SAA is secreted in monomeric form and becomes associated with lipoproteins in the intravascular compartment. PMID- 6809749 TI - Phenobarbital-induced rat liver cytochrome P-450. Purification and characterization of two closely related isozymic forms. AB - The "major" phenobarbital (PB)-induced cytochrome P-450 species present in livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats was resolved into two catalytically active heme protein fractions on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The two species, P-450 PB-4 (Mr = 49,000) and P-450 PB-5 (Mr = 51,000), were purified to homogeneity, and their chromatographic, spectral, catalytic, and structural properties were compared. P 450 BP-5 eluted earlier on hydroxylapatite and exhibited a more significant cholate-induced Type I spectral shift than P-450 BP-4. Very similar substrate specificity profiles were evident when the two isozymes were reconstituted with lipid, cytochrome P-450 reductase, and cytochrome b5 for oxidative metabolism of several xenobiotics, although P-450 PB-4 exhibited a higher specific catalytic activity (greater than or equal to 5-fold) with all substrates tested. Marked differences were also observed in the sensitivities of both isozymes to several P 450 inhibitors. In addition, P-450 PB-4 was greater than or equal to 10-fold more susceptible than P-450 PB-5 to suicide inactivation by two allyl-containing compounds, allylisopropylacetamide and secobarbital, providing a possible explanation of the previously observed partial inactivation by such compounds of phenobarbital-induced P-450 activity in liver microsomes. One-dimensional peptide maps of the two isoenzymes were highly similar. Antibody raised against purified Long Evans rat liver P-450b (Thomas, P. E., Korzeniowski, D., Ryan, D., and Levin, W. (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 192, 524-532) cross-reacted with P-450 PB-4 and P-450 PB-5. NH2-terminal sequence analysis demonstrated that the first 31 residues of both PB-4 and PB-5 were identical. These sequences indicated that a highly hydrophobic terminal segment, observed previously for other P-450s as well, is followed by a cluster of basic residues, suggesting that the NH2 terminal portion of these P-450s might be involved in membrane anchoring. Although it is unclear whether P-450 PB-4 and P-450 PB-5 are separate gene products or are related by post-translational modifications, this present demonstration of closely related isozymic forms suggests the possible added complexity of microheterogeneity for this family of microsomal monooxygenases. PMID- 6809751 TI - Rabbit liver glycogen synthase. Susceptibility of the enzyme subunit to proteolysis. AB - Rabbit liver glycogen synthase have been purified close to apparent homogeneity in a form dependent on glucose-6-P for full activity. From analyses of the purified enzyme by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, some five polypeptides, apparent molecular weights in the range 79,000 to 90,000, correlated with enzyme activity. The relative abundance of the species varied in different preparations but enzyme could be prepared that was composed almost entirely of a 90,000-dalton polypeptide. Treatment of such enzyme with trypsin generated smaller polypeptides in the sequence 90,000 leads to 85,000 leads to 82,000 leads to 80,000; concomitantly, the enzyme was activated when assayed either in the presence or absence of glucose-6-P. Tryptic proteolysis caused as much as a 16-fold increase in Vmax and a 20-fold increase in the concentration of its substrate, UDP-glucose, necessary for half-maximal activity. The concentration of the activator, glucose-6-P, needed for half maximal stimulation was decreased 3.5-fold. We propose that rabbit liver glycogen synthase in a glucose-6-P-dependent form has a subunit of apparent molecular weight approximately 90,000, larger than previously reported, and that the enzyme is sensitive to proteolytic degradation. PMID- 6809752 TI - High density lipoprotein-3 heterogeneity in subjects with the apo-AIMilano variant. AB - The structure of high density lipoproteins (HDL) isolated from subjects with the AIMilano (AIM) apoprotein variant was studied by the use of the cross-linking reagent dimethylsuberimidate. The HDL2 subfraction is markedly reduced, as compared to control subjects; the HDL3 subfraction, on the other hand, shows a marked heterogeneity, being characterized by at least three particle subpopulations, identified as HDL3-I, HDL3-II, and HDL3-III. The HDL3 fraction purified from the AI Milano subjects eluted as a symmetrical peak from a 6% agarose column, corresponding to a unimodal particle size distribution. The content of the different HDL3 particles, detected by cross-linking, varied widely along the elution profile, the tail of the peak being enriched in anomalous particles of very small size (HDL3-III). Apoprotein compositional studies indicated that these small HDL3-III may be enriched in the AIM monomer, the larger particles containing more AIM-AII complexes and AIM dimers. All the anomalous HDL3 particles are triglyceride enriched, with a decreased cholesterol ester content. They may be an intermediate product in the cholesterol transfer chain between HDL and very low density lipoproteins, or be generated during interconversion of HDL. These particles may have a functional role in tissue cholesterol homeostasis; their unusual compositional changes may help explain the protection of the studied subjects from tissue cholesterol deposition, in spite of the marked decrease of the total HDL fraction. PMID- 6809753 TI - Oxidation of heme c derivatives by purified heme oxygenase. Evidence for the presence of one molecular species of heme oxygenase in the rat liver. PMID- 6809755 TI - The tracing of the pathway of mevalonate's metabolism to other than sterols. AB - Specifically 14C-labeled mevalonic acids were administered to rats in diabetic ketosis, and the distribution of 14C was determined in the hydroxybutyric acid each rat excreted. Also, the distributions of 14C were determined in hydroxybutyric acid formed by slices of livers and kidneys from rats in diabetic ketosis and incubated with the specifically labeled mevalonic acids. The distributions found are in accord with the conversion of mevalonate to hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA by the shunt pathway proposed by J. Edmond and G. Popjak ((1974) J. Biol. Chem. 249, 66-71). That is, carbon 5 of mevalonate was metabolized to form the carboxyl of acetyl-CoA and carbons 2 and 3 of mevalonate were converted in large measure to hydroxybutyric acid without acetyl-CoA as an intermediate, i.e. the bond between carbon 2 and 3 was not cleaved, while the bond between 1 and 2, traced with [1,2-14C]mevalonate, was cleaved. Similar distributions of 14C were found in hydroxybutyric acid excreted by rats in diabetic ketosis administered specifically 14C-labeled isovaleric acids, isovaleric acid having in its metabolism intermediates common to those in the shunt pathway. PMID- 6809754 TI - UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globoside alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Purification, characterization, and some properties. AB - A UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine:globoside alpha-3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase has been purified over 3500-fold in 4% yield from a Triton X-100 extract of canine spleen microsomes by affinity chromatography on globoside acid-agarose. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed two major bands with molecular weights of 66,000 and 56,000. Judging from the molecular weight of 120,000 estimated by Sephadex gel filtration in Triton X-100 and the above electrophoretic result, the enzyme presumably exists normally as a dimer. It required Mn2+ for its activity and had a pH optimum at 6.7-6.9. The enzyme catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylgalactosamine in alpha 1 leads to 3 linkage to globoside. Neither Fuc alpha 1 leads to 2Gal beta 1 leads to 4Glc nor H blood group substance nor deglycosylated mucin were acceptors. This indicates that the enzyme was distinct from both the N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases converting the H to the A blood group substance and catalyzing synthesis of the Ser(Thr)-GalNAc linkage. Studies on substrate specificities indicate that the preferred substrates have the general structure GalNAc beta 1 leads to 3Gal-OR in which the nature of the R moiety has relatively little effect on activity. Kinetic analysis indicates UDP is a competitive inhibitor with respect to UDP-N acetylgalactosamine and a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to globoside. These studies demonstrate the first report of the properties of a purified enzyme catalyzing the transfer of sugar residues to glycolipids. PMID- 6809756 TI - Regulation of phospholipid synthesis in Escherichia coli. Composition of the acyl acyl carrier protein pool in vivo. AB - The regulation of membrane lipid biogenesis was investigated by measuring the levels of the acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) intermediates in the biosynthetic pathway. In particular, the role of the sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase was assessed by focusing on the size and composition of the long chain acyl-ACP pool. The ACP( pool was specifically labeled in vivo with beta-[3 3H]alanine and the ACP subspecies analyzed by reversed phase liquid chromatography and conformationally sensitive gel electrophoresis. The acyl-ACP pool was found to be a small fraction of the total ACP in normally growing cells and was particularly devoid of chain lengths that could serve as acyltransferase substrates. Inhibition of phospholipid synthesis at the acyltransferase step resulted in a rapid increase in the content of acyl-ACP, and analysis showed the presence of chain lengths that are acyltransferase substrates. Acyl-CoAs were not detected during interruption of acyl transfer activity. These results show that 1) acyl-ACPs are the acyl donors for phospholipid synthesis in vivo, 2) the acyltransferase does not play a role in the regulation of the lipid biosynthetic rate or the composition of phospholipid acyl moieties, 3) the primary regulatory site in phospholipid biosynthesis is at an early step in fatty acid biosynthesis, 4) feedback regulation by long chain acyl-ACP's is not a controlling mechanism for fatty acid synthesis under normal physiological circumstances, and 5) enzymes that utilize acyl-ACPs are involved in kinetic competition for the scarce acyl ACP substrates. PMID- 6809757 TI - Purification of rat liver phosphorylase kinase. AB - A rapid method for the purification of rat liver phosphorylase kinase 30,000-fold over homogenate values is described. The method allows the isolation of a near homogeneous preparation of phosphorylase kinase initially associated with the glycogen pellet to be accomplished within 24 h. The enzyme has Mr (apparent) = 1.3 million by gel filtration and is composed of subunits similar in size to those of skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase. The enzyme is phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase: phosphate is incorporated into two of the subunits (Mr = 140,000 and Mr = 116,000) and is closely paralleled by activation of the enzyme. The enzyme is partially inhibited by ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and is stimulated by 10(-8)-10(-6) M Ca2+. The pH optimum of the nonactivated enzyme is 7.0. Activation by cAMP dependent protein kinase does not appear to alter the Ca2+ sensitivity of the enzyme. However, it results in a large increase in activity at pH 7 through 8, but not at pH below 6.5. Purified rat liver phosphorylase kinase thus shows many similarities to purified skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase, but differs in respect to its incomplete inhibition by ethylene glycol bis(beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid and to the effects of phosphorylation by cAMP dependent protein kinase on its pH activity profile and Ca2+ sensitivity. PMID- 6809758 TI - Bacillus megaterium spore protease. Synthesis and processing of precursor forms during sporulation and germination. AB - The protease which initiates the rapid protein degradation during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores was synthesized during sporulation as a Mr = 46,000 polypeptide (P46) which was found in the developing forespore. P46 was processed during sporulation to a Mr = 41,000 species (P41) 2-3 h after P46 synthesis and at the time of or slightly before accumulation of dipicolinic acid. P41 was the predominant form of the protease in the dormant spore, with smaller amounts of unprocessed P46. In the first minutes of spore germination P41 was processed (t1/2 less than 10 min) to a Mr = 40,000 species (P40), which appeared identical to the subunit of the purified active enzyme. The latter processing reaction did not require metabolic energy, but P40 disappeared completely during further germination (t1/2 approximately 40 min) in a reaction which did require metabolic energy. It seems probable that precursors P46 and P41 of the spore protease are involved in the regulation of the activity of this spore enzyme. PMID- 6809759 TI - Structural studies of the endoglycosidase H-resistant oligosaccharides present on human beta-glucuronidase. AB - Human beta-glucuronidase bears 3-4 oligosaccharide moieties/subunit of Mr = 75,000. We have previously characterized the endoglycosidase H-releasable oligosaccharides of this enzyme including those which are phosphorylated and involved in targeting to lysosomes. In this study, we report the characterization of the endoglycosidase H-resistant oligosaccharides which were released from beta glucuronidase with anhydrous hydrazine. Approximately 65% of the hydrazine released oligosaccharides are of the high mannose type, with the predominant species containing 9 mannose residues. The remaining oligosaccharides appear to originate from incomplete complex oligosaccharides. Their basic structures are Man alpha 1,6Man beta 1,4Glc-NAc beta 1,4GlcNAcol, and Man alpha 1,3[Man alpha 1,6]Man beta 1,4Glc-NAc beta 1,4GlcNAcol with roughly half of each species containing an additional fucose linked alpha 1,6 to the N-acetylglucosaminitol (GlcNAcol) residue. The small amount of complex oligosaccharide present bearing 1 sialic acid was heterogeneous in nature with incompletion of the nonsialylated branch. In addition, there was a minor specie of high mannose-type oligosaccharide bearing 5 mannose residues with an alpha 1,6-linked fucose on the GlcNAcol. This structure was not expected since high mannose-type oligosaccharides have been reported to not be substrates for the alpha 1,6 fucosyl transferase. PMID- 6809760 TI - Evidence for the separation of albumin- and apo A-I-dependent mechanisms of cholesterol efflux from cultured fibroblasts into human plasma. AB - The role of albumin has been studied in the plasma-mediated efflux of cholesterol from cultured fibroblasts. Immunoaffinity chromatography of plasma on immobilized anti-albumin antibody decreased by 25-50% total efflux catalyzed by plasma. The remainder of the efflux-promoting capacity of plasma was deleted by immunoaffinity chromatography on antibody to apolipoprotein A-I, the major apoprotein of high density lipoprotein. Both components of efflux were saturable with half-saturation at 0.5-1.0% (v/v) plasma. However, the net transport of sterol from cells to medium catalyzed by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase, was not reduced by the deletion of the albumin-catalyzed component of efflux. This finding was confirmed with congenitally analbuminemic plasma. These results indicate that efflux to albumin and to high density lipoprotein in plasma represent independent mechanisms; only the latter is coupled to net transport. PMID- 6809761 TI - Effect of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicle curvature on the reaction with human apolipoprotein A-I. AB - Large unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were prepared by sonication and were fractionated by gel filtration on Sepharose Cl-2B in the size range from 180- to 380-A Stokes radii. Negatively stained electron micrographs of these preparations indicated the presence of unilamellar, spheroidal structures of the expected size. Fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene, dissolved in the vesicles, revealed progressively broader phase transitions, shifted to lower temperatures for vesicles of decreasing sizes. The fractionated unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles of DPPC were reacted with human apolipoprotein A-I at 41 degrees C for periods from 1 to 120 h. The reaction mixtures were then passed through a Bio-Gel A-5m column to separate unreacted lipid vesicles and protein from micellar complexes of DPPC with apolipoprotein A-I. Smaller vesicles were much more reactive than larger vesicles or multilamellar vesicles with the apolipoprotein. This difference in reactivity was explained by the increasing bilayer curvature of smaller vesicles which changes the packing of DPPC molecules in the bilayer and facilitates its penetration by the apolipoprotein. PMID- 6809762 TI - Stimulation of deacylation in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Specificity of deacylation and prostaglandin production in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate treated cells. AB - Madin-Darby canine kidney cells deacylate arachidonic acid from cellular phospholipid in response to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and convert the free arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. We have used this system to characterize the acyl specificity of deacylation. Cells were labeled with either [14C]linoleic, [14C]eicosatrienoic (delta 8,11,14 or delta 5,8,11), or [14C]arachidonic acid and stimulated with 10 nM TPA. We found that TPA stimulated the deacylation of all four acids, primarily from phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine.l Only products from linoleic (presumably through chain elongation and desaturation), eicosatrienoic (delta 8,11,14), and arachidonic acids produced prostaglandins. Those produced from linoleic and eicosatrienoic acid (delta 8,11,14)-labeled cells were determined to be primarily of the 1 series, while arachidonic acid-labeled cells produced prostaglandins of the 2 series. Together these results indicate that the stimulated deacylation of phospholipids is not specific for arachidonic acid and that the membrane acyl composition controls the particular series of prostaglandin which is produced. PMID- 6809763 TI - 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase, reaction of P'P2-bis(5'-pyridoxal) diphosphate with lysyl residues connected with catalytic activity. AB - 4-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase is inactivated by preincubation with bispyridoxal-5-P (mixing molar ratio, 20:1) at pH 7.0. The reaction with bispyridoxal-5-P under pseudo-first order conditions proceeds at a slow rate (kobs = 0.03 min-1). The extent of chemical modification was determined by measuring the spectroscopic properties of P-pyridoxyl and P-pyridoxine chromophores formed after reduction of the enzyme reacted with P'P2-bis(5' pyridoxal) diphosphate. Reduction with NaBH4 results in the incorporation of approximately 2.1 P-pyridoxyl residues/dimer. Thus, the blocking of 2 lysyl residues/dimer is needed for inactivation of the aminotransferase. The time course of inactivation is significantly affected by variations in the pH of the reaction mixtures. Plots of Kobs versus pH indicate the reaction of the bifunctional reagent with lysyl residues characterized by low pK values (pK = 7.3). The substrate alpha-ketoglutarate (10 mM) affords complete protection against inactivation, whereas pyridoxal-5-P failed to prevent the inactivation of the enzyme by bispyridoxal-5-P. It is postulated that binding of alpha ketoglutarate to lysyl residues is the major factor contributing to stabilization of the catalytic site. Several lines of experimental evidence indicate that inactivation of the aminotransferase cannot be related to dissociation of the cofactor from the catalytic site. The bifunctional reagent bispyridoxal-5-P blocks lysyl residues other than those involved in the binding of the cofactor. PMID- 6809764 TI - Co-existence of vinculin and a vinculin-like protein of higher molecular weight in smooth muscle. AB - Recently, a protein component of adhesion plaques with a molecular weight of 130,000 (named vinculin) has been purified from smooth muscle and non-muscle cells. As detected by immunological methods, the only vinculin-related polypeptides in fibroblasts are proteins of Mr = 130,000. However, we show here that smooth muscle contains, in addition to vinculin, an apparently distinct protein with a Mr = 152,000 that shares both structural and immunological features with vinculin. Amino acid analysis, peptide mapping, and antibody cross reaction studies were used to elucidate these similarities. Mr = 152,000 protein seems to be restricted to muscle (mainly or exclusively to smooth muscle). The possibility that vinculin is derived from proteolytic processing of the Mr = 152,000 protein or that the proteins are related by some other type of post translational modification appears unlikely (although this cannot be completely ruled out) since both proteins are made in a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free translation system when mRNA derived from smooth muscle is used as the template. Both proteins are capable of used as the template. Both proteins are capable of lowering the viscosity of F-actin solutions, although the activity of the Mr = 152,000 protein is stimulated by Ca2+ while the activity of smooth muscle vinculin is not. PMID- 6809767 TI - Synthesis of apolipoprotein AI by peripheral tissues of the rooster. A possible mechanism of cellular cholesterol efflux. PMID- 6809768 TI - In vitro translation of mRNA for yeast citrate synthase. AB - The citrate synthase of yeast was purified to homogeneity and shown to have a subunit molecular weight of 52,000. Antibodies were prepared to it in rabbits. Translation of total yeast mRNA using a reticulocyte lysate showed that [3H]leucine was incorporated into a protein precipitable by rabbit anti-yeast citrate synthase with a molecular weight of about 54,000. No incorporation of [35S]methionine into an anti-citrate synthase precipitable protein could be detected in a similar experiment. In vivo labeling of cells with 35SO4 did not result in the labeling of citrate synthase. PMID- 6809765 TI - Effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene and N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene on the cellular levels of epoxide hydratase, cytochrome P-450b, and NADPH-cytochrome c (P-450) oxidoreductase messenger ribonucleic acids. PMID- 6809766 TI - Differences in the carbohydrate structures of neural cell-adhesion molecules from adult and embryonic chicken brains. PMID- 6809769 TI - Anti-immunoglobulin, cytoplasmic free calcium, and capping in B lymphocytes. AB - This paper examines, in mouse spleen lymphocytes, the effect of anti immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) on the cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, measured with the fluorescent indicator quin2, and the relationship of [Ca2+]i to the capping of surface Ig. Anti-Ig causes a rapid rise of [Ca2+], which precedes capping. Assuming that only those 40-50% of the cells which can bind anti-Ig (the B cells) undergo a [Ca2+]i response, [Ca2+]i in those cells approaches 500 nM. It declines to resting levels over many minutes, roughly paralleling the formation of caps. Part of the [Ca2+]i signal is due to stimulated influx across the plasma membrane, since in Ca2+-free medium, anti-Ig gives a smaller and shorter [Ca2+]i rise. The amplitude of this reduced transient now varies inversely with quin2 content, as if some 0.25 mmol Ca per liter of cells was released into the cytoplasm from internal stores. These stores are probably sequestered in organelles since A23187 in Ca2+-free medium also causes a transient [Ca2+]i rise after which anti-Ig has no effect. These organelles seem not to be mitochondria because uncouplers have hardly any effect on [Ca2+]i. Though anti-Ig normally raises [Ca2+]i before causing capping, there seems to be no causal link between the two events. Cells in Ca2+-free medium whose stores have been emptied by A23187, still cap with anti-Ig even though there is no [Ca2+]i rise. Cells loaded with quin2 in the absence of external Ca2+ still cap anti-Ig normally even though their [Ca2+]i remains steady at below 30 nM, four times lower than normal resting [Ca2+]i. PMID- 6809770 TI - Coupling of proadipocyte growth arrest and differentiation. II. A cell cycle model for the physiological control of cell proliferation. AB - Experimental evidence is presented that supports a cell cycle model showing that there are five distinct biological processes involved in proadipocyte differentiation. These include: (a) growth arrest at a distinct state in the G1 phase of the cell cycle; (b) nonterminal differentiation; (c) terminal differentiation; (d) loss of the differentiated phenotype; and (e) reinitiation of cell proliferation. Each of these events is shown to be regulated by specific human plasma components or other physiological factors. At two states designated GD and GD', coupling of growth arrest and differentiation is shown to occur. We propose that these mechanisms for the coupling of growth arrest and differentiation are physiologically significant and mimic the regulatory processes that control stem cell proliferation in vivo. PMID- 6809773 TI - Flagellar membrane specializations and their relationship to mastigonemes and microtubules in Euglena gracilis. PMID- 6809772 TI - Immunological characterization of metallothioneins in mouse LMTK cells and in a variant resistant to cadmium. AB - A cadmium-resistant variant isolated from mouse fibroblast LMTK cells can grow in the presence of 40 muM Cd2+. This variant retained its properties in the absence of selecting agent. Induction of metallothionein was measured in cell extracts by radioimmunoassay. The maximum amount of metallothioneins in the cells was reached after 36 hours. The cadmium resistant variant produced two times more metallothionein than the wild-type when exposed to 10-20 muM Cd2+. By Ouchterlony double diffusion, the metallothioneins from cultured cells formed a line of partial identity with the mouse liver serotype and a line of complete identity with one of the two mouse kidney serotypes. These observations raise the possibility of a tissue-specific expression of metallothionein genes. PMID- 6809771 TI - Resonance Raman microscopy of rod and cone photoreceptors. AB - We have constructed a Raman microscope that has enabled us to obtain resonance Raman vibrational spectra from single photoreceptor cells. The laser beam which excites the Raman scattering is focused on the outer segment of the photoreceptor through the epiillumination system of a light microscope. Raman scattering from the visual pigment in the photoreceptor is collected by the objective and then dispersed onto a multichannel detector. High-quality spectra are recorded easily from individual outer segments that are 5 x 50 micrometer in size, and we have obtained spectra from cells as small as 1 x 10 micrometer. We have used the Raman microscope to study photostationary steady-state mixtures in pigments from toad (Bufo marinus) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) photoreceptors; these photoreceptors were frozen in glycerol glasses at 77 degrees K. Comparison of our toad red rod spectra with previously published spectra of bovine rod pigments demonstrates that the conformation of the chromophore in the first photointermediate, bathorhodopsin, is sensitive to variations in protein structure. We have also studied the first photointermediate in the goldfish rod photostationary steady-state. This bathoporphyropsin has a much lower ethylenic stretching frequency (1,507 cm-1) than that observed in the toad and bovine bathoproducts (approximately 1,535 cm-1). Preliminary results of our work on goldfish cone pigments are also reported. These are the first vibrational studies on the vertebrate photoreceptors responsible for color vision. PMID- 6809774 TI - The Euglena paraflagellar rod: structure, relationship to other flagellar components and preliminary biochemical characterization. AB - Demembranated flagella from Euglena gracilis consisted of three distinct components: a 9 + 2 axoneme of microtubules, an extensive surface coating of long and short mastigonemes and a lattice-like axial fibre known as the paraflagellar rod. Negatively stained preparations of isolated paraflagellar rods showed the major structural unit to be a 22 nm filament oriented at approximately 45 degrees to the long axis of the rod in a 7-start left-handed helical arrangement. Attachment of the paraflagellar rod to the flagellar axoneme was via a series of goblet-shaped projections, which anchored the rod to a single outer doublet microtubule. Comparisons of axonemes from E. gracilis bearing the paraflagellar rod with those of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, in which it is absent, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of two prominent additional peptides with molecular weights of 80,000 and 69,000. Exposure of Euglena axonemes to trypsin selectively solubilized the paraflagellar rod and also removed both proteins, which were therefore tentatively identified as the major subunit proteins of the rod and designed PFR 1 and 2, respectively. In addition to these details of the structure and composition of the paraflagellar rod, the mode of attachment of the axoneme of both long and short mastigonemes was also identified. PMID- 6809775 TI - Extraction of membrane factors that inhibit aggregation in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Plasma membrane preparations partially inhibit the reaggregation of dissociated aggregation-component cells of Dictyostelium discoideum, and membranes from aggregation-competent cells are more inhibitory than membranes from vegetative cells. Inhibitory activity can be extracted from the membranes of aggregation competent cells with the detergent octyl glucoside or with EDTA, although the inhibition is never more than partial. Extracts of vegetative membranes have relatively little inhibitory activity and the amount of inhibitory activity that can be extracted increases as cells become aggregation-competent. The inhibitory activity is sensitive to Pronase, but relatively stable to heat. Inhibitory activity can also be extracted from intact aggregation-competent cells by 20 mM EDTA or 0.25% octyl glucoside. PMID- 6809776 TI - Investigation of the metabolites of tofizopam in man and animals by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AB - The metabolites of tofizopam [Grandaxin; 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-5-ethyl 7,8-dimethoxy-5H-2,3-benzodiazepine] have been studied in patients and animals. The major pathway of the metabolic transformation of tofizopam was found to be demethylation. The position in which demethylation takes place and the rate of this process in various species were determined. Gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass chromatography was used for the identification of the metabolites. PMID- 6809777 TI - Automated enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassays for antiviral antibodies: a test for anti-HBs. AB - A solid-phase enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay (ELFA) for antiviral antibodies using antigen covalently linked to Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase and a fluorogenic substrate (4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside) is described. Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from test samples were adsorbed to wells of 96-well aminopolystyrene plates precoated with HBsAg. The antibodies were subsequently detected using enzyme-conjugated HBsAg. The measurement of fluorescence was automated. The sensitivity of the test was approximately 50 times higher than that of a commercial radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6809779 TI - The late pubertal cascade in perimenarchial monkeys: onset of asymmetrical ovarian estradiol secretion and bioassayable luteinizing hormone release. AB - Changes in ovarian function and pituitary gonadotropin secretion were studied in perimenarchial rhesus monkeys. Even in the premenarchial interval, a modest degree of asymmetrical ovarian estradiol secretion was evident. A progression toward marked asymmetry of ovarian function continued after menarche, culminating in ovulatory menstrual cycles with intermenstrual intervals of approximately 28 days. Among postmenarchial monkeys manifesting five or fewer episodes of overt uterine bleeding, no ovulations were detected despite estradiol elevations similar to those of adults in the midfollicular phase. Soon thereafter, among individuals usually having more than 10 menses, the first ovulations were likely to be achieved. The initiation of estrogen-positive feedback, driving the surge modes of gonadotropin secretion, was accompanied by the onset of a striking disparity between bioassayable vs. immunoassayable LH in the circulation. In this report we describe a cascade of late pubertal events including: 1) the gradual establishment of cyclic asymmetrical ovarian estrogen secretion in the perimenarchial interval, 2) increased pituitary responsiveness to GnRH, 3) quantitative and qualitative changes in the pulsatile secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, and 4) an enhancement of bioassayable LH secretion, especially during the preovulatory surge. PMID- 6809778 TI - Responsiveness of gonadotropin secretion to infusion of an opiate-receptor antagonist in hypogonadotropic individuals. AB - We tested the hypothesis that suppressive effects of endogenous opiate substances are involved in certain hypogonadotropic states. For this purpose, we studied gonadotropin secretion in idiopathic hypopituitarism (five children), constitutionally delayed adolescence (five boys), and Kallmann's syndrome (three men). Endogenous opiate pathways were antagonized by the iv infusion of naloxone hydrochloride at a dose previously shown to elicit a prompt and significant increase in serum levels of LH in normal men. Under these conditions, naloxone did not increase serially sampled serum concentrations or mean urinary levels of LH: or FSH in eight patients with idiopathic hypopituitarism or Kallmann's syndrome. Gonadotropin concentrations in four of five patients with constitutional delay of adolescence also were unaffected. In one boy with clinical and biochemical indices of late pubertal development, naloxone elicited a significant increase in LH levels in blood and urine, similar to the pattern observed in normal men. In contrast to results in experimental animals, naloxone did not suppress serum PRL concentration significantly in any subject. These observations suggest that: 1) endogenous opiate mechanisms are unlikely to constitute a principal factor in maintaining hypogonadotropism in idiopathic hypopituitarism, delayed adolescence, or Kallmann's syndrome, at least acutely; 2) endogenous opiate mechanisms also cannot be implicated in the acute regulation or PRL secretion in children; and 3) the capability of adult men, but not early pubertal boys, to respond with increased gonadotropin secretion during inhibition of opiate receptors suggests that maturation of the opiate-related neuroendocrine system occurs during the course of sexual development in the human. PMID- 6809781 TI - Male and female forms of human follicle-stimulating hormone in serum. PMID- 6809783 TI - [Follow-up study of 60 cases with metastatic liver cancer treated with the specific substance of maruyama(SSM) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809780 TI - Reproductive functions in young fathers and grandfathers. AB - Testicular functions were investigated in 23 grandfathers [60--88 yr old; 67 +/- 7.8 (mean +/- SD)], i.e. men with fertility proven earlier in life. They were recruited from a nonpatient population and led an active life, most of them with a permanent partner. The grandfathers were compared with a group of 20 unrelated healthy fathers, 24--37 years old (29.2 +/- 3.2). Whereas sperm density was higher in the older group, there were no significant differences in ejaculate volume and sperm morphology between the younger and older men. Sperm motility and seminal fructose, however, decreased with age. The fertilizing capacity of sperm as assessed in the heterologous ovum penetration test using zona pellucida-free hamster eggs did not decrease significantly with age. Whereas the basal serum testosterone and estradiol levels were not different between the younger and older men, the response to 2 days of hCG stimulation decreased significantly with age. This decrease was observed in older men whether they had frequent or infrequent sexual activity. Basal serum LH and FSH levels were elevated in the older men. The LH response to GnRH stimulation relative to basal; values was significantly reduce, while FSH responses did not change with age. We conclude that sperm counts and fertilizing capacity of sperm are not negatively influenced by old age, at least not in men with sustained sexual activity. However, the pituitary as well as the testis show signs of decreased endocrine reserve capacity in old age. PMID- 6809782 TI - Chronic pulsatile low dose GnRH therapy for induction of testosterone production and spermatogenesis in a man with secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - Prolonged intermittent treatment with low doses of GnRH was given to a 23-yr-old man with secondary hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The patient had experienced sudden onset of diabetes insipidus followed by progressive decrease of gonadotropins and gonadal function. Modern radiological techniques did not reveal any organic genesis. A small portable computerized infusion pump connected to a sc catheter was used for the 220-day GnRH therapy. One microgram gnRH was administered every 90 min during the first 90 days and 5 micrograms GnRH every 90 min during the following 130 days. During the prolonged GnRH treatment testosterone secretion normalized, libido and potency improved, and ejaculation returned. Spermatogenesis became close to normal and the subject's wife became pregnant after 181 days of treatment. The prolonged treatment with the small infusion pump was well accepted and did not interfere with the patient's daily life activations. Thus, chronic pulsatile low dose GnRH treatment can restore normal pituitary-gonadal function in idiopathic male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. PMID- 6809784 TI - Radioimmunoassay for detection of antibodies to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - A radioimmunoassay has been developed and evaluated for the serological diagnosis of gonorrhea. Purified gonococcal antigen was obtained from a culture of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (B370) and labeled with 125I for use in a double-antibody test system. The test was evaluated in populations segregated by sex and risk. The specificity of the assay in females was 90.2% (55/61) in low risk, 82.2% (2,245/ 2,732) in medium risk, and 54.1% (335/619) in high risk. The sensitivity was 69% (20/29) in medium risk and 78.3% (288/367) in high risk. In males, test specificity was 92.3% (24/26) in low risk and 50% (48/96) in high risk. The sensitivity was 70.8% (143/202) in the high-risk group. The data in this study indicate that this assay should not be employed for screening of either high- or medium-risk populations. PMID- 6809785 TI - Detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of antibody specific for Pseudomonas proteases and exotoxin A in sera from cystic fibrosis patients. AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed to measure serum antibody specific for Pseudomonas elastase, alkaline protease, and exotoxin A. Antibody responses to each Pseudomonas antigen were measured in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients who were not colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in those who were colonized, in those who were chronically infected with this organism, and in control subjects. Antibody levels for each antigen in the colonized and infected CF patients were higher than levels in uncolonized CF patients or non-CF control subjects. The antibody responses to elastase were similar in patients of the colonized and infected groups. However, infected CF patients had significantly elevated levels of antibody to exotoxin A (P less than 0.01) and alkaline protease (P less than 0.05) when compared with patients simply colonized with P. aeruginosa. These findings confirm that Pseudomonas alkaline protease, elastase, and exotoxin A are produced by Pseudomonas strains which colonize and infect CF patients. As an adjunct to established procedures (X-ray, microbiological culture, etc.), the antitoxin and anti-protease enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays may be clinically useful tests for differentiating colonized CF patients from those who have more severe Pseudomonas pulmonary infections. PMID- 6809788 TI - Azlocillin, a ureido penicillin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: interpretive zone standards and quality control parameters for tests with 75-mu g disks. AB - A nine-laboratory coordinated study was performed to establish tentative control limits for 75-mu g azlocillin disks tested against the standard control strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Control limits for individual tests were 24 to 30 mm (25 to 29 mm for means of five separate tests). To establish interpretive zone standards for 75-mu g azlocillin disks, three separate laboratories each tested 93 strains of P. aeruginosa or related species. Geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were plotted against arithmetic mean zone diameters. Regression analyses were performed with zone diameter as the independent variable and also with MIC as the independent variable. The following interpretive categories were recommended: resistant, less than or equal to 14 mm (MIC, greater than 128 mu g/ml); intermediate, 15 to 17 mm (MIC, 128 mu g/ml); and susceptible, greater than or equal to 18 mm (MIC, less than or equal to 64 mu g/ml). PMID- 6809787 TI - Evaluation of three differential media for detection of Enterobacter agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola). AB - Dextrin-fuchsine-sulfite medium (DFS), Rimler-Shotts agar (RS), and a new lysine ornithine-mannitol agar (LOM) were tested for detection of Enterobacter agglomerans. In human stools, LOM and DFS were most sensitive at coliform-to-E. agglomerans ratios of less than or equal to 10(2) and E. agglomerans inocula of greater than 10(2) per plate. Both LOM and DFS detected one strain in 254 stools, but RS proved to be inhibitory. PMID- 6809786 TI - Serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus) by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. AB - The indirect immunoperoxidase technique was assessed for the serodiagnosis of tsutsugamushi fever (scrub typhus). The antigens were peritoneal smears prepared from mice infected intraperitoneally with the Karp, Kato, and Gilliam strains of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. Treatment of the mice with cyclophosphamide apparently increased the number of the rickettsiae, and it minimized the exudate that interfered with the specific staining. The rickettsiae were seen as clusters in the juxtanuclear region of the mesothelial cells and also as free particles outside of the cells. By the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, the sera from all of the patients (49 samples from 30 patients) were positive for the R. tsutsugamushi antibody. The antibody titers (immunoglobulin G [IgG] and IgM) determined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique correlated with those determined by the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Thus, the indirect immunoperoxidase technique was useful for quantifying both IgG and IgM antibodies to the rickettsia. PMID- 6809789 TI - Monoclonal antibody to streptococcal group B carbohydrate: applications in latex agglutination and immunoprecipitin assays. AB - Two monoclonal mouse antibodies with specificities for group B streptococcal capsular antigens were evaluated in assays for the identification of group B streptococci (GBS). One of these antibodies (A9) was shown to precipitate group B carbohydrate antigen in reactions with both purified group B antigen and antigen present in autoclave or enzyme extracts of GBS. A9 antibody was also specific for group B antigen in gel diffusion reactions with extracts of Lancefield group A, B, C, D, F, and G streptococci and was a highly sensitive reagent in detecting soluble group B antigen by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. Antigen extracted from all five serotypes of GBS was shown to be precipitated by A9 antibody. A second monoclonal antibody (C8) was reactive with intact GBS but did not precipitate soluble antigen in bacterial extracts. In contrast with what has been shown for polyclonal rabbit anti-group B antiserum, neither antibody was significantly inhibited in binding or precipitation assays by high concentrations of free rhamnose or other monosaccharides of carbohydrates found in group B antigen. Rhamnose, the most abundant carbohydrate of the group B antigen, does not appear therefore to be an immunodominant determinant in the binding of A9 or C8 antibody. The epitopes of both monoclonal antibodies are exposed on the surface of live as well as heat-fixed GBS cells. A9 antibody-coated latex particles were compared with a commercially available polyclonal latex agglutination reagent and shown to be equally sensitive and specific in the detection of soluble group B antigen in urine and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with GBS infections. Because of its uniformity and defined antigen specificity, which includes reactivity with all five serotypes of GBS, A9 antibody offers the potential of an improved immunodiagnostic reagent for the identification of GBS. PMID- 6809790 TI - Determination of the range of antibacterial activity by use of viable counts. AB - The activity of three aminoglycosides and six beta-lactam antibiotics on strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci was studied. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), the minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBCs), and the minimal antibiotic concentrations (MACs) were determined after 5 h of incubation in broth cultures by colony-forming-unit counts. The MICs were also determined by agar dilution after 24 h of incubation. The MICs on agar after 24 h of incubation were higher than those in broth after 5 h of incubation. The differences ranged from 1.1- to 14.2-fold, but in most cases were only three- to fivefold (P less than 0.05 to less than 0.001). The MBCs at 5 and 24 h were comparable in 71% of tests. For current practice, the MBC of enterococci can be determined after 5 h of incubation with antibiotics. The aminoglycosides showed MBCs which were closer to the MICs than were those of the beta-lactam antibiotics, which required a higher multiple of the MIC to show a bactericidal effect. The MBCs of oxacillin and cefamandole for S. aureus after 5 h of incubation were greater than 128 times the respective MICs. The MACs ranged from 1/1.5 to 1/7 of the 5-h MICs. The three endpoints, MIC, MBC, and MAC, indicate the antibacterial range of an antibiotic in terms of inhibition of growth and bacterial survival. The data suggest that the antibacterial range of an antibiotic is similar for most strains of a given species and is, to some extent, a characteristic of similar antibiotics. PMID- 6809794 TI - The hidden adolescent ankle fracture. AB - Ankle injuries are common in adolescence, seldom initially seen by orthopaedists, and often treated primarily by emergency department personnel. It is often not appreciated that the distal tibial growth plate fuses in a mediolateral direction, leaving it open and vulnerable to growth plate injuries for a longer period during adolescence. Fractures of the lateral plafond of the tibia are often not appreciated due to overlap of the fibula. A review of the injuries at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital has revealed these are not as uncommon as often supposed. A 3 year experience yielded 26 patients with so-called "Tillaux fractures" of which 9 could be diagnosed only by the oblique view and 5 were initially missed. Knowledge of the anatomical behavior of the fusing tibial growth plate in the ankle-injured adolescent plus mandatory oblique views of the ankle in this age group should enable the casualty officer in a busy emergency department to bring this fracture out of hiding and make the diagnosis in every instance. PMID- 6809793 TI - Supination--eversion injuries of the ankle in children: a retrospective study of radiographic classification and treatment. PMID- 6809791 TI - Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the Limulus lysate assay for detection of exclusion of gonococcal cervicitis. AB - The Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay was evaluated for its ability to detect or exclude gonococcal cervicitis in two groups of women. The first (positive) group consisted of 100 untreated women who were referred to the venereal disease clinic with culture-proven gonococcal cervicitis. The second (negative) group consisted of 50 normal volunteers who were evaluated on two separate occasions. In the first group, Gram stains and repeat cervical cultures were 53 and 93% sensitive, respectively. In the second group, Gram stains and cultures were negative. For the LAL assay, ectocervical mucus was removed with a sponge, and a depyrogenated cotton-tipped swab was then used to collect endocervical specimens. The swab was placed in 1 ml of diluent (1:1 dilution), and serial twofold dilutions were made and tested for endotoxin by the LAL assay. Incubation was carried out at 37 degrees C for 30 min; positive or negative results were indicated by gelation or lack of gelation, respectively. At a dilution of 1:256, sensitivity and specificity of the LAL assay were 57 and 99%, respectively. The positive predictive values ranged from 36.5 to 97.4% for theoretical prevalence rates of 1 to 40%. At a dilution of 1:8, the sensitivity and specificity were 100 and 78%, respectively. At this dilution, the negative predictive value was 100% regardless of the prevalence rate. Thus, these preliminary results show that at the higher dilution, the LAL assay was comparable to Gram stain in diagnostic accuracy of gonococcal cervicitis, and if used as a screening test at the lower dilution, a negative LAL assay would exclude women without gonococcal cervicitis. PMID- 6809792 TI - Characterization of nontypable Streptococcus pneumoniae-like organisms isolated from outbreaks of conjunctivitis. AB - From January through June 1980 seven colleges and universities in various parts of New York State (NYS) reported outbreaks of conjunctivitis affecting at least 1,500 students of both sexes. Of the 125 conjunctival swabs tested in our laboratory, organisms identified as nontypable Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated in pure culture from 24% and in combination with other organisms from 22%. Although bile-soluble and susceptible to optochin, the isolates had a dry colony appearance and no typable capsule with the Neufeld capsular-swelling test. Mouse passage of four representative NYS isolates did not stimulate production of a typable capsule. We subsequently chose to refer to these isolates as S. pneumoniae-like organisms. Of primary importance to our study, all NYS isolates tested were similar in biochemical and immunological reactions, antibiotic susceptibility, and virulence in mice. Of 18 strains referred to us from three other outbreaks (California, 1980; NYS, 1981; Illinois, 1981), four of the six tested biochemically gave the same biochemical reactions as the four NYS isolates, and 16 of the 18 tested immunologically reacted strongly with antisera produced against those four isolates, showing line(s) of identity with each other and with the NYS isolates. PMID- 6809797 TI - Recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens after direct culture at 25 degrees C and 28 degrees C. PMID- 6809795 TI - Effect of luminal and peritubular HCO3(-) concentrations and PCO2 on HCO3(-) reabsorption in rabbit proximal convoluted tubules perfused in vitro. AB - The effect of luminal and peritubular HCO3(-) concentrations and PCO2 on HCO3(-) reabsorption was examined in rabbit proximal convoluted tubules perfused in vitro. Increasing luminal HCO3(-) concentration from 25 to 40 mM without changing either peritubular HCO3(-) concentration or PCO2, stimulated HCO3(-) reabsorption by 41%. When luminal HCO3(-) concentration was constant at 40 mM and peritubular HCO3(-) concentration was increased from 25 to 40 mM without changing peritubular PCO2, a 45% reduction in HCO3(-) reabsorption was observed. This inhibitory effect of increasing peritubular HCO3(-) concentration was reversed when peritubular pH was normalized by increasing PCO2. Passive permeability for HCO3( ) was also measured and found to be 1.09 +/- 0.17 X 10(-7) cm2 s-1. Using this value, the passive flux of HCO3(-) could be calculated. Only a small portion (less than 23%) of the observed changes in net HCO3(-) reabsorption can be explained by the passive HCO3(-) flux. We conclude that luminal and peritubular HCO3(-) concentrations after HCO3(-) reabsorption by changing the active H+ secretion rate. Analysis of these data suggest that both luminal and peritubular pH are major determinants of HCO3(-) reabsorption. PMID- 6809796 TI - Cost effectiveness of individual vs. group cognitive behavior therapy for problems of depression and anxiety in an HMO population. AB - Randomly assigned 44 outpatient Ss, enrollees of the George Washington University Health Plan, a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), to one of three treatment modalities: (1) a cognitive behavior therapy group; (2) a traditional process oriented interpersonal group; and (3) cognitive behavior therapy in an individual format. All Ss were referred by their physicians to the HMO Mental Health Practice for treatment for anxiety and/or depression. Beck's Depression Inventory, Speilberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Gay and Galassi's Adult Self-Expression Scale (an assertion measure) were administered pre- and post-treatment to all Ss. A subsample of these Ss also were rated pre- and post treatment on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression by experienced clinicians blind to the treatment groups. All three experimental groups significantly improved on all dependent measures from pre- to post-treatment, and no differential treatment effects were found. PMID- 6809798 TI - False-positive complement fixing antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6809799 TI - Some effects of phenobarbital dosing of dairy cattle on aflatoxin M1 and fat in milk. AB - Eight Holstein cows were selected randomly to determine effects of phenobarbital on the fate of orally administered aflatoxin B1, milk fatty acid profiles, total milk fat, and milk production. Animals were grouped in pairs for one of four treatments: 1) control, 2) oral dosing with sodium phenobarbital for 5 days, 3) dosing with sodium phenobarbital followed by oral dosing with aflatoxin B1, and 4) oral dosing with aflatoxin B1 for 5 days. Daily composite raw milk samples were taken and assayed for aflatoxin M1 by thin-layer chromatography, and milk fatty acid profiles were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Milk production for all treatments was less than that of controls. Total milk fat was not affected. Both aflatoxin B1 and phenobarbital affected fatty acid distribution, suppressing the amount of fatty acids carbons 8 through 14 while increasing the amount of 16-carbon fatty acids. No treatment effect was significant for the short chain fatty acids of 4 and 6 carbons and the 18-carbon acids oleic, stearic, and linoleic. Pretreatment with phenobarbital resulted in a significant difference between treated and untreated difference between treated and untreated animals. A greater than 50% reduction in the amount of aflatoxin B1 excreted as M1 in the milk was realized. PMID- 6809800 TI - Biological assessments of experimental cavity cleansers: correlation between in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Adhesive bonding of resins to dentin surfaces requires the removal of the layer of debris caused by the cutting. Certain isotonic acidic solutions can do this rapidly. Five solutions were evaluated using cell cultures and pulp studies in monkeys. At concentrations above 10%, each solution caused the cultured human epithelial cells to respond unfavorably, probably due to the low pH of the culture medium. None of these experimental cleanser solutions caused significant pulpal irritation. PMID- 6809801 TI - Release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis from dispersed pig lung cells: effect of cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. AB - Study of the release of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) from lung cells has been hampered by the lack of suitable animal model. Using both immunologic and pharmacologic stimuli, we have obtained histamine and SRS-A release from dispersed pig lung cells containing 6% mast cells (with a histamine content of 1.9 pg/cell). Lung cells dispersed from actively sensitized (with intratracheal Ascaris antigen) but not unsensitized pigs released both histamine (mean net release 33%) and SRS-A (mean release, 47 units/10(7) cells) when challenged with Ascaris antigen. Greater release of histamine (mean net release 52%) and of slow-reacting substance (SRS) (mean release 701 units/10(7) cells) was induced by challenge with the calcium ionophore A23187. The pharmacologic and physicochemical characteristics of the SRS together with its profile of enzymatic inactivation resembled those described for SRA-A released from human lung. Both antigen-induced and A23187-induced SRS(-A) release were enhanced by indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, but inhibited by both phenidone (IC50 35 microM) and eicosatetraenoic acid (IC50 15 microM), inhibitors of both cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, confirming that generation of SRS(-A) by either stimulus required an intact lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6809802 TI - Addition of deoxycholate in electroimmunoassay and crossed immunofocusing for quantification of beta 2-glycoprotein I and its subfractions. AB - Beta 2-Glycoprotein I was shown to be a hydrophilic protein exhibiting no charge shift in the presence of a cationic detergent, but a charge shift in the presence of an anionic detergent. The latter was suggested to be caused by a binding of beta 2-glycoprotein I to deoxycholate in the Triton X-100/deoxycholate micelles. Quantification by electroimmunoassay of asialo-beta 2-glycoprotein I and subfractions of beta 2-glycoprotein I gave different results although identical results were obtained in single radial immunodiffusion. Addition of 0.2% (w/v) of deoxycholate to the agarose gels containing Triton X-100 prior to electrophoresis, however, eliminated these differences. The effect of deoxycholate on the rate of migration of beta 2-glycoprotein I was found applicable for electroimmunoassay of the protein. Crossed immunofocusing of plasma from individual donors, electrophoresed in an agarose containing Triton X 100/deoxycholate micelles confirmed a postulated variation in the relative composition of subfractions of beta 2-glycoprotein I in plasma earlier suggested by Finlayson and Mushinski (Finlayson, J.S. and Mushinski, J.F. (1967) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 147, 413-420). PMID- 6809803 TI - An observation chamber for a high-pressure stopped-flow apparatus. AB - A new design of the observation window to observation chamber seal is described for the Berger rapid stopped-flow apparatus. This design permits reliable operation of the apparatus and retains the features of a square non-deviating observation path with flush windows. Incorporation of fiber optic light guides for the observation path has made the apparatus insensitive to vibration artifacts. A demonstration reaction of calcium binding to EGTA is presented; the reaction, which is 90% complete within 2 ms, illustrates the capability of this apparatus for examining fast reactions. PMID- 6809804 TI - Environmental significance of pesticide residues associated with aquatic sediments. PMID- 6809806 TI - Life care: no longer a viable concept? PMID- 6809807 TI - The embattled hospital: cost control measures versus imperatives for expansion. AB - As the costs of the American health care system escalate, there is a tendency to identify the biggest cost item and attempt to reduce it to a manageable size. However, since that biggest cost item, the hospital, is a creation of uncontrolled forces within the system as a whole, attempts to manage costs will be limited in effectiveness. The hospital is the end product of an uncontrolled system, a product that displays little understanding of the economic principles of trade-off, efficiency, and productivity. To limit spending in the hospital care system, controls must be rooted in an analysis of the forces that have shaped the hospital's present form and structure. Factors to be considered are those that have defined what a "good" hospital is, who its real consumers are, and what economic and quality control factors must be part of the entire health system. This article suggests modification of public policies relative to medical manpower an insurance, and recommends adoption of reimbursement by Diagnostic Related Groups. PMID- 6809805 TI - Iodine contamination as a cause of hyperthyroidism or lack of TSH response to TRH stimulation (results based on a screening investigation). AB - The sera of all patients with completely suppressed TSH response to TRH obtained during one year (n = 668), and of those with diminished TSH response (n = 153) were screened for total serum iodine content. The ratio between serum iodine and thyroxine iodine below 1.5 indicates none or only a minor degree of iodine contamination, whereas a ratio above 1.5 is a clear index of exogenous iodine contamination. Eighty-four (21.3%) of 395 patients with overt hyperthyroidism were iodine contaminated. No prevalence of hyperthyroidism with hyperthyroxinemia could be detected as compared to T3-hyperthyroidism in the contaminated groups. Surprisingly, the iodine contamination rate was twice as high in 273 patients with suppressed TSH response to TRH but normal thyroid hormone levels and not fully explained thyroidal diseases. A high incidence of multifocal autonomous adenomas of the thyroid is the most probable explanation for the TSH suppression in iodine contaminated patients with normal thyroid hormone levels. PMID- 6809808 TI - Mandated mental health benefits in private health insurance. AB - Eleven states mandate coverage of inpatient and outpatient mental health care in private health insurance. Health insurers have objected to these laws on the grounds that they interfere with consumer choice of health insurance benefits and are too costly. This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of mandates for psychotherapy. The potential benefits considered have to do with adverse selection in insurance markets and the offset effects of psychotherapy. Arguments based on economic efficiency are presented to justify the possible appropriateness of overriding individuals' choice of health insurance benefits. Mandates are estimated econometrically to increase the cost of psychotherapy in a state by about 10-20 percent. We conclude that mandates for mental health benefits in private health insurance may be reasonable state policy. PMID- 6809809 TI - Sweden's crisis in medical care: political and legal changes. PMID- 6809810 TI - Immunofluorescence localization of glycoprotein hormones in the rat anterior pituitary gland using monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera. AB - A hybridoma-derived monoclonal mouse antibody against bovine luteinizing hormone (LH) cross-reacting with rat LH and conventional polyclonal rabbit antisera against rat follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were used for the localization of the cells producing these hormones in rat pituitary glands by the immunofluorescence double staining technique. This approach enables the simultaneous identification of two different hormones on a single tissue section. It was shown that LH and FSH are produced within the same cell type, whereas TSH is synthesized by a different cell. PMID- 6809811 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of catalase in human eosinophilic leukocytes. AB - The immunologic localization of catalase in human eosinophilic leukocytes was studied by use of rabbit anti-human erythrocyte catalase (aHEC) antiserum. Indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed intense localization of fluorescence in the cytoplasm of the eosinophils with a pattern of distribution corresponding to that of the eosinophil granules. Control samples and other nucleated blood elements remained essentially unreactive. Immunoelectron microscopy using aHEC coupled to protein A-gold complexes revealed that catalase was present exclusively within the cytoplasmic granules and equally distributed over the paracrystalline body and the homogeneous granule matrix. The presence of catalase within the paracrystalline body has not been demonstrated before with conventional cytochemical techniques. The results raise the possibility that catalase is stored in the paracrystalline body in an inactive or latent form readily available during eosinophil activation and granule release. PMID- 6809812 TI - The morphology of the diencephalon in the Prosimii. III. The Tarsioidea. PMID- 6809813 TI - T cell and IR gene regulation of expression of a cross-reactive idiotype. AB - The immune response to the chemically defined DNP-oligo-L-lysine antigens is under Ir gene control in the guinea pig. Strain 2 (responder) guinea pigs mount a highly specific T cell-mediated and humoral immune response capable of discriminating closely related DNP-peptides. In contrast, strain 13 (nonresponder) animals fail to mount a cell-mediated response, and produce antibody that is only DNP-specific. In these studies a common idiotypic determinant is defined on highly specific anti-epsilon,DNP-Lys10 antibody produced by strain 2 guinea pigs. Ir gene nonresponder antibody is idiotype negative. The presence of the idiotypic determinant distinguishes responder anti epsilon,DNP-Lys10 antibody from responder antibodies elicited by structurally related antigens such as epsilon,DNP-Lys9 and alpha,DNP-Lys10-. Investigation of the regulation of idiotype expression demonstrated that production of idiotype positive antibody requires the presence of viable, antigen-responsive T cells. Moreover, genetic analysis revealed that expression of the shared idiotype correlates directly with the phenotypic expression of I region genes (DTH responsiveness, Ia antigens) in (2 x 13)F1 x 13 backcross and randomly bred Hartley guinea pigs. Thus, Ir gene regulation of the immune response may be reflected in the v region specificities expressed by antigen-specific B cell clones. PMID- 6809815 TI - Regulation of primary, thymus-dependent, anti-hapten responses of normal and autoimmune mice by syngeneic antibody. PMID- 6809814 TI - Non-H-2-linked genetic control of murine cell-mediated lympholysis to autologous cells modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTC-self). AB - Spleen cells from mouse strains expressing the H-2b haplotype (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, C57BL/10J, and C3H.SW) were compared for their ability to generate primary in vitro cytotoxic responses to autologous cells modified with either fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) (FTC-self) or trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS) (TNP-self). The resulting hapten-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses were assayed on hapten-self Con A blast target cells. Among the four H-2b strains tested, C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N were high responders, whereas C57BL/10J and C3H.SW were low responders for CTL generated against FTC-self. Studies using (C57BL/6J x C3H.SW)F1 responding cells and F1 or parenteral-modified stimulating cells indicated that the F1 cells generated cytotoxic activity equivalent to that of the high-responder strain C57BL/6J. Further comparisons of the C57BL/6J and C2H.SW strains indicated that C57BL/6J is a high responder to both FTC-self and TNP-self, whereas C3H.SW is a high responder to TNP-self but a low responder to FTC-self. The results of this study indicate that non-H-2-linked genetic control of CTL response to hapten-self depends not only on the self determinant but also on the foreign antigens. PMID- 6809816 TI - Long-term in vitro culture of murine mast cells. III. Discrimination of mast cells growth factor and granulocyte-CSF. AB - Long-term in vitro growth of murine mast cells was dependent on the presence of a mast cell growth factor (MCGF) present in media conditioned by mitogen-activated splenic leukocytes or by various murine leukemic cell lines. MCGF shared a number of properties with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Both factors were present in media conditioned by the myelomonocytic leukemic WEHI-3 and the T cell lymphoma, LBRM-33 cell lines. They were relatively sensitive to trypsin treatment, and were resistant to boiling temperature. NZB mice that failed to respond to WEHI-3-derived G-CSF also failed to respond to MCGF. MCGF differed from G-CSF, however, in sensitivity to neuraminidase and lactoferrin, an inhibitor of macrophage CSF production, suppressed G-CSF production by WEHI-3 cells without affecting MCGF production. Furthermore, peritoneal cells produced G CSF but not MCGF when stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. In vitro production of MCGF by normal spleen cells required the presence of T lymphocytes and is relatively macrophage-independent. The role of T cells in the maturation and growth of mast cells and the physiologic function of MCGF are discussed. PMID- 6809817 TI - Independent and synergistic thymocyte proliferative activities of PMA and IL 1. PMID- 6809818 TI - Lectin-induced regulation of human thymus-independent anti-TNP responses in vitro. AB - Recently we showed that human hapten-specific T cell-independent (TI) antibody responses could be elicited in vitro with the antigen trinitrophenylated Brucella abortus (TNP-Ba). Although by definition T cells are not required for TI responses, they have also shown capable of regulating such responses in the mouse. In this study we examine the ability of the T cell lectins Con A and PHA to modulate TI responses of human tonsil cells. Addition of the lectins to cultures on day 0 or day 3 resulted in inhibition (greater than 90%) or enhancement (greater than 150%) of the anti-TNP PFC response, respectively. The inhibition was only apparent if the lectins were added at the onset of culture but not 24 hr later, and was T cell-dependent, because T cell-depleted cultures (less than 0.5% E-rosetting cells) could not be inhibited. The enhancement observed was even greater in T cell-depleted cultures and was antigen-specific because TNP-SRBC but not PC-SRBC targets were lysed and the PFC were inhibited by soluble TNP (greater than 70%). This finding suggested that anti-TNP PFC precursors were proliferating more vigorously or that additional, previously antigen-insensitive cells were being recruited in the presence of lectin. PMID- 6809820 TI - The role of Ia molecules in the activation of T lymphocytes. I. The activation of an IL 1-dependent IL 2-producing T cell hybridoma by Con A requires an interaction, which is not H-2-restricted, with an Ia-bearing accessory cell. AB - A model of accessory cell-dependent lectin-mediated T cell activation was investigated by utilizing a mitogen-inducible T cell hybridoma. A continuous MHC restricted antigen-specific T cell line was fused with the azaguanine-resistant AKR thymoma BW5147. A hybrid, RF1.16B, was identified that is minimally inducible by Con A stimulation alone but is stimulated by Con A in the presence of T cell depleted accessory cells to produce interleukin 2. The accessory cell function can be replaced by the monokine interleukin 1. Thus the lectin is a sufficient trigger for the hybrid in the absence of MHC restriction elements. The accessory cell function from splenocytes is provided by a non-B, non-T, predominantly Ia bearing radioresistant cell. The interaction between the RF1.16B hybrid and the accessory cell population is not H-2-restricted. Control experiments, including the use of a cloned source of accessory cells, ruled out contaminating T cells or direct lectin effects as an explanation for the lack of H-2 restriction. The finding that an Ia-bearing cell is required for activation in an MHC nonrestricted manner is discussed, and a hypothesis is raised that Ia antigens may play a role in addition to that of being a restriction element. PMID- 6809821 TI - Phenotypic characteristics of cell lines requiring interleukin 3 for growth. AB - A number of cell lines have been derived from bone marrow cultures in the presence of WEHI-3 conditioned media (CM) that continue to require WEHI-3 CM for growth in vitro. Because the WEHI-3 cell line has been shown to constitutively produce a lymphokine (IL 3) that induces the expression of 20 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 alpha SDH) in cultures of splenic lymphocytes from athymic mice, we examined whether these cell lines were dependent upon IL 3 for growth. The results demonstrate that the factor required for growth of these cell lines copurifies with IL 3 activity on G-100, DEAE cellulose, and CM cellulose column chromatography as well as in preparative isoelectric focusing and on hydrophobic supports in reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The biologic activity of peak fractions in each case was similar in both types of assays. These results strongly suggest that the WEHI-3 CM-dependent cell lines are dependent on IL 3 for growth in vitro. All the cell lines have readily detectable levels of 20 alpha SDH but have differing cell surface phenotypes. The C3HSFFV line is devoid of conventional lymphoid cell surface markers with the exception of Lyt-1, whereas the FDC-P1 expresses Thy-1, Ly-5, and H-11. Other cell lines have intermediate phenotypes. PMID- 6809822 TI - B cell helper factors. II. Synergy among three helper factors in the response of T cell- and macrophage-depleted B cells. AB - The concanavalin A- (Con A) stimulated supernatant of normal spleen cells (normal Con A SN) was shown to contain a set of helper factors sufficient to allow T cell and macrophage- (M phi) depleted murine splenic B cells to produce a plaque forming cell response to the antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC). The activity of normal Con A SN could be reconstituted by a mixture of three helper factor preparations. The first was the interleukin 2- (IL 2) containing Con A SN of the T cell hybridoma, FS6-14.13. The second was a normal Con A SN depleted of IL 2 by extended culture with T cell blasts from which the 30,000 to 50,000 m.w. factors were isolated (interleukin X, IL X). The third was a SN either from the M phi tumor cell line P388D1 or from normal M phi taken from Corynebacterium parvum immune mice. The combination of all three helper factor preparations was required to equal the activity of normal Con A SN; however, the M phi SN had the least overall effect. The M phi SN and IL 2 had to be added at the initiation of the culture period for a maximal effect, but the IL X preparation was most effective when added 24 hr after the initiation of culture. These results indicate that at least three nonspecific helper factors contribute to the helper activity in normal Con A SN. PMID- 6809823 TI - Establishment of B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens. AB - M12.4, one of several B lymphomas derived from BALB/c mice, was mutagenized with ethyl methanesulfonate in vitro. M12.4.1, a subline of the mutant cells, was sensitive to hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selective medium and was fused with normal splenic B lymphocytes of C57BL/6ByJ mice. The hybridomas obtained from this fusion were shown to express mu heavy chain, H-2KbDb, Iad, and Iab on the cell surface by analyses of flow microfluorometry and a cytotoxicity assay, although parental M12.4.1 lacked mu heavy chain on the cell membrane. These results demonstrate that the B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens have been established in vitro. IgM molecules on the cell surface of the hybridomas were shown to originate from normal B cells of C57BL/6ByJ mice by flow microfluorometry analyses after staining with fluorescein-labeled Bet 1, a monoclonal rat antibody that recognizes Igh-6.5, a mouse IgM allotypic determinant. These hybridomas could generate IgM-secreting cells at the high frequency (more than 10% of the cultured cells) when stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. On the other hand, parental M12.4.1 did not develop any IgM secreting cells under the same conditions. These findings suggest that these B cell hybridomas with B cell surface antigens may be a good model for the study of B cell differentiation. PMID- 6809819 TI - Regulation of rat B cell responses by T cell subsets and interleukin 2. AB - T cell and interleukin 2 (IL 2) regulation of two phases of B cell activation, 3H TdR uptake and differentiation to antibody-forming cells, were examined. Monoclonal antibody specific for rat kappa light chains (Mab alpha K) stimulated 3H-TdR uptake in vitro in B cell fractions of Lewis spleen cell populations in the presence of T cells and macrophages (M phi); IL 2 reconstituted the response in enriched B cell cultures depleted of T cells and M phi. When IL 2 was added to primary in vitro cultures, spleen cells yielded 100 to 400 anti-SRBC PFC/culture; no PFC were recorded in the absence of IL 2. These results suggested that IL 2 served as a " second signal" for activation in responsive B cell populations. When monoclonal antibody specific for the W3/25+ T cell subset (Mab W3/25) was incorporated into the assay system, both 3H-TdR uptake and PFC responses were inhibited. IL 2 enhancement of B cell responses or responses of reconstituted B cell and T cell fractions was eliminated in the presence of Mab W3/25, indicating that IL 2 mediation of B cell responses was due in part to participation of W3/25+ T cell helper function. In contrast, monoclonal antibody directed to the OX8-bearing T cells (Mab OX8) had no effect on B cell responses. W3/25+ T cells provided helper activity in the generation of a PFC response, whereas OX8+ cells suppressed the antibody response. W3/25+ T cells responded to antigenic stimuli in the presence of IL 2 by undergoing increased blast transformation. OX8+ cells did not exhibit any response. These data define a regulatory network by which T cells, IL 2, and B cells interact to produce in vitro DNA synthesis and antibody formation in activated rat B cells. PMID- 6809824 TI - The binding characteristics of anti-Rho(D)-positive human and chimpanzee erythrocytes measured with 14C protein A. AB - The relation of the human erythrocyte Rho(D) antigen to its chimpanzee counterpart is currently unresolved. To explore this relation, we prepared 14C protein A to compare the binding parameters between human anti-Rho(D) and Rho(D) positive human and chimpanzee erythrocytes. Double reciprocal plots of the binding in each case exhibited a straight line with intercepts indicating approximately the same numbers of Rho(D) binding sites for human and chimpanzee erythrocytes but an affinity that was 20 times greater for the human. This would indicate that the human and chimpanzee each have a single class of sites whose primary structure is very similar but sufficiently different to give the large divergence in affinity as measured by the human isoimmune antiserum. PMID- 6809826 TI - Prostaglandin D2 generation after activation of rat and human mast cells with anti-IgE. AB - Anti-IgE-dependent activation of rat and human mast cells resulted in the preferential generation of the cyclooxygenase products prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) in the rat and PGD2 in the human. The average net generation of PGD2, determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, was 13.1 ng/10(6) purified rat mast cells and 39.5 ng/10(6) dispersed, enriched human mast cells. After IgE-dependent activation, there was a linear relationship between the net quantities of PGD2 generated and of histamine secreted from dispersed human pulmonary cells when the number of mast cells was varied but the total number of cells was held constant, indicating that it is the number of mast cells participating in IgE-dependent activation, rather than total mast cell number, that determines PGD2 generation. A linear relationship was also shown between PGD2 generation, determined by radioimmunoassay, and the release of the granule marker beta-hexosaminidase from purified rat mast cells on the dose-response portion of the plot of their response to anti-IgE challenge. With higher concentrations of anti-IgE, PGD2 generation from rat mast cells plateaued, whereas net percent beta-hexosaminidase release increased further. In kinetic studies of rat mast cells activated with anti-IgE, the onset (1 to 2 min) and time of maximum generation (5 to 10 min) for PGD2 were delayed relative to the onset (15 to 30 sec) and completion (1 to 2 min) of beta-hexosaminidase release. Thus, the extracellular appearance of PGD2 during IgE-dependent mast cell activation represents a response additional to the secretion of granule associated mediators. PMID- 6809825 TI - Differential activation of phospholipids metabolism by formylated peptide and ionophore A23187 in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6809827 TI - A direct binding assay for mitochondrial autoantibodies. AB - A direct binding assay for the detection of mitochondrial autoantibodies (AMA) is described. The method has been standardised to use as antigen 1 mg/ml submitochondrial particles which are absorbed on to the surface of LINBRO S-MVC 96 microtitration plates as the solid phase. 125I-labelled antihuman immunoglobulin is used as the second antibody. The sensitivity achieved is greatly increased compared with immunofluorescence and complement fixation methods, with good discrimination between AMA negative and positive sera. The assay is rapid and has the advantages of a primary binding method. Two variations of the method are described. The first is reported as a "binding index' which is calculated from the binding shown by an unknown serum at 2 dilutions, and would be suitable as a screening procedure. Binding curves of doubling dilutions of a test serum give, in addition to the binding index, a titre which is defined as that dilution at which binding returns to the level of a normal serum. This is a longer procedure and more suitable as a research method. PMID- 6809828 TI - A single-step method for the enrichment of murine peripheral blood eosinophils. PMID- 6809829 TI - Human T cell growth factor (TCGF) produced by repeated stimulation of non adherent human lymphocytes. AB - T cell growth factor (TCGF) has become a valuable means of maintaining T lymphocytes in long-term culture and of studying T cell function. Numerous problems have been met in the production of TCGF of consistently good quality and in the maintenance of human T cell lines over long periods. We have investigated optimal conditions for TCGF production, and simplified assay systems for TCGF activity. The best TCGF production was obtained by short-term treatment with high concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The TCGF producing lymphocytes could be re-used for TCGF production up to 1 month after the first treatment course. Human cultured T cell lines, fresh lymphocytes, short-term PHA stimulated lymphocytes and cultured marmoset T lymphocyte lines were all used for assay of TCGF. We recommend PHA stimulation of human lymphocytes for this assay on a routine basis, comparing results with a standard TCGF batch and calculating a growth index. Adherent cells impair TCGF production. Optimal TCGF production was seen when lymphocyte preparations without adherent cells from different donors were used. PMID- 6809830 TI - Influence of molecular size of IgA on its immunoassay by various techniques. III. Immunonephelometry. AB - The influence of size heterogeneity of IgA on its immunonephelometric (IN) assay was studied using highly purified preparations of monoclonal (MC) or polyclonal (PC) monomeric (M), dimeric (D), trimeric (T) and tetrameric (Q) IgA, as well as of secretory IgA (sIgA). Concentrations measured by optical density (OD) were compared to IN--concentrations obtained by using M as standards, on an equal weight basis. No significant difference was found between OD and IN concentrations of D, T, Q and sIgA were only slightly underestimated, with correction factors (CF) of 1.16, 1.20 and 1.24, respectively. The value of 1.24 for our sIgA sample (84% of 11S, 16% of 15S) could be due to the fact that secretory component represents about 20% of the mass of the sIgA molecule. IN seems a method of choice for measuring IgA concentrations in the range of microgram/ml, almost independently of the size of IgA. PMID- 6809831 TI - Radioimmunoassay for an analog of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone, gamma butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (DN-1417). AB - A heterologous radioimmunoassay method was established to determine plasma levels of gamma-butyrolactone-gamma-carbonyl-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide (DN-1417). As this compound is unstable in the incubation buffer, we introduced a conversion step. DN-1417 in the plasma was extracted with a solution of isopropanol-isobutylamine (4 : 1) and incubation was performed at room temperature for 2 h for the conversion of DN-1417 into N-[2-hydroxy-4-(isobutylcarbamoyl)butyryl]-L-histidyl L-prolinamide (DN-isobutylamide). 125I-labeled 2-hydroxy-4-carboxybutyryl-L histidyl-L-prolinamide and antisera, which was raised in the rabbit using an esterified derivative of DN-1417 conjugated with BSA as an antigen, were used for a sensitive radioimmunoassay of DN-isobutylamide. In this system, 0.2 ng DN isobutylamide/ml plasma, equivalent to 0.16 ng DN-1417/ml, was detected and there was no apparent interference from its metabolites. The within-assay coefficients of variation were 7.6% at 7.73 ng/tube and 13.7% at 1.32 ng/tube. The between assay coefficients of variation were 16.1% at 6.43 ng/tube and 12.2% at 1.20 ng/tube. The mean recovery rate of the assay system was 76.0 +/- 3.2% (S.E.M.). PMID- 6809832 TI - Isolated phosphorylcholine binding lymphocytes. I. Use of a cleavable crosslinking reagent for solid-phase adsorbent isolation of functional antigen binding cells. AB - Isolation and characterization of BALB/c lymphocytes specific for phosphorylcholine is described. The isolation protocol utilizes phosphorylcholine coupled to gelatin coated plates via the cleavable crosslinking reagent N succinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldiothio)propionate (SPDP). The procedure is rapid, requiring only 1-2 h and conducted entirely at 0-4 degrees C. Hapten binding cells are eluted by vigorous pipetting at 4 degrees C with medium containing 20% fetal calf serum. Approximately 70% of isolated cells rebind antigen as assessed using a PC Brucella abortus rosette assay while 50% express the TEPC15 idiotype. Approximately 85% of isolated and idiotype positive cells are B cells while the remainder are T cells. Limiting dilution analysis revealed that approximately 1/5 of PC binding cells isolated from the spleens of normal mice respond to lipopolysaccharide plus dextran sulfate by production of anti-PC antibody. Approximately 1/11 respond to PC Brucella abortus and 1/250 respond to PC sheep erythrocytes plus primed T cells by anti-PC antibody production. The results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for isolation of highly enriched, functional, antigen specific lymphocytes. PMID- 6809835 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody: use of polyethylene glycol as an aid to precipitation of antibody-receptor complexes in determination of light chain and subclass. AB - Polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) was used as an aid to precipitation of antibody acetylcholine receptor (AChR) complexes. In the absence of anti-human IgG, 8% PEG can be used to precipitate antibody-AChR complexes. In the presence of low titre specific antiserum, 3% PEG selectively precipitates anti-IgG-IgG-AChR complexes and allows analysis of light chain and subclass contribution to the anti-AChR. The specificity of the various antisera is presented and results in 16 patients described. PMID- 6809836 TI - The association of serum IgM and IgG levels with the number of X chromosomes in patients with abnormal number of X chromosomes. AB - The following attributes of the immune response were studied from nine patients with different numbers of X chromosomes: serum immunoglobulin levels, C3 and C4 concentrations, the presence of autoantibodies, phagocytosis, killing of bacteria, the chemotactic response of neutrophils, the in vitro response of lymphocytes to PHA, ConA, PwM, PPD and oidiomycin; and the proportion of T lymphocytes was determined. The number of X chromosomes varied from one (45,X) to four (48,XXXX). No evidence of severe dysfunction in the immune system was found in any of the patients. The correlation coefficients between the serum concentration of IgM and IgG and the number of X chromosomes present were statistically significant (r = 0.691, P less than 0.05, and r = 0.714, P less than 0.05, respectively). The serum IgA concentration showed a tendency towards a negative correlation. The concentrations of neither IgD nor IgE correlated to the number of X chromosomes. It seems obvious that the number of X chromosomes is positively associated with the concentration of serum IgG and IgM. The results support the hypothesis that antibody production is at least partially controlled by genes located in the X chromosome. PMID- 6809834 TI - A rapid method for quantitation of cell surface IgM by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Previous methods for quantitating cell surface immunoglobulins have been relatively tedious or have depended upon use of radioisotopes or specialized equipment (e.g., fluorescence activated cell sorter). We describe a rapid, reproducible method for measuring cell surface Ig on a population of B lymphocytes or lymphoblastoid cell lines by employing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses commercially available anti-human Ig conjugated beads (Immunobeads). Standard curves can be generated that appear to mimic the reaction kinetics of anti-mu with viable cells. Reproducibility of surface mu quantitation depends upon (1) maintaining cell viability during the reaction procedure, and (2) avoiding buffers containing diethanolamine for the alkaline phosphatase reaction. Total Ig in populations of cells can easily be estimated by reacting 10,000 Xg supernatants from lysed cells with anti-Ig beads identical to the standard curve. Combining the methods of surface and total Ig determinations, we were able to analyze quantities of membrane and cytoplasmic mu in populations of lymphoid cells. PMID- 6809833 TI - The labeling of rabbit neutrophils with [111In]oxine. AB - We report here the successful labeling of rabbit peripheral blood neutrophils with [111In]oxine. We found that standard techniques for preparation of rabbit neutrophils, while acceptable for maintenance of in vitro function, rendered the neutrophils ineffective for in vivo use after labeling with 111In. Specifically, rabbit neutrophils were sensitive to the use of hypotonic shock for red cell elimination, centrifugation into a button during preparation, and the presence of oxine during chemotaxis in vitro. Using a carefully modified method of neutrophil preparation and labeling, we found that 111In-labeled rabbit neutrophils retained normal in vitro function, including chemotaxis. In addition, using our method, 34% +/- 5% of labeled neutrophils were recoverable in peripheral blood 5 min after intravenous injection. The half-life of circulating radio-labeled neutrophils was 5.6 +/- 2 h. Continuous external imaging of radio-labeled neutrophils after intravenous injection showed initial lung uptake, followed by rapid clearance of radioactivity in the lungs (50% clearance in 10.5 +/- 3.3 min.) Hepatic radioactivity was maximal by 30 min after injection and thereafter slowly declined. Finally, we found that 111In-labeled rabbit neutrophils migrated to sites of artificially induced inflammation. Our findings indicate that 111In labeled rabbit neutrophils, if prepared under optimal conditions, should provide a useful tool for investigating the fate of neutrophils in experimental inflammatory conditions in this animal. PMID- 6809837 TI - Atypical transmission of ABO blood groups in a French family. AB - A group AB mother (Mrs P.D.) gave birth to a group O female baby (C.D.). Extensive study of the blood group genetic markers in both the parents and the child, carried out on several occasions, showed nothing unusual outside the ABO system. Mrs P.D. then, gave birth to a second female baby who was also group O. Mrs P.D. had normal amounts of A, B, H and Lewis antigens in her saliva. The H, A and B agglutinability of her red cells was in the range of normal A2B group. This A2B blood group was characterized by very low A gene-specified glycosyltransferase activity in serum. Moreover this activity was undetectable in red blood cell membranes. These results are discussed in the light of various hypotheses in order to explain this unusual transmission of ABO blood group. PMID- 6809838 TI - Comparison of the segregation of sheep histocompatibility genes OLA - A1, A8, B7, B9, and OLX-5 in eighteen hamster X sheep fibroblast hybrid lines. AB - Four OLA factors of the ovine histocompatibility complex and the OLX -5 factor were recognized in hamster cell X sheep fibroblast hybrids, by means of absorption of OLA reagents with hybrid cells. Segregation of these factors could be studied in eighteen independent hybrids. In the case described, the four OLA factors were distributed into two haplotypes isolated in some hybrids. The heterozygous OLX-5 factor was linked to only one haplotype; nevertheless a dissociation, occurred in one hybrid (relative to five simultaneous transmissions), is in agreement with a previous genetic study showing a loose linkage between the OLA complex and the OLX locus. PMID- 6809840 TI - Activation of components of the alternative pathway of complement by Propionibacterium acnes cell wall carbohydrate. AB - The trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extractable molecules in Propionibacterium acnes cell wall were tested for the ability to activate the alternative pathway of complement in human serum treated with ethyleneglycol-bis (beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N-tetracetic acid (EGTA). The extracted molecules failed to consume hemolytic activity against antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes but gave a dose-dependent consumption of rabbit erythrocyte (RE) lytic activity. Similarly, the extract produced significant cleavage of Factor B, but failed to cleave C3, as detected by immunoelectrophoresis. Adsorption of the extracted material to sheep erythrocytes did not render the cells susceptible to lysis via the alternative pathway. Sephadex G-25 chromatography yielded several fractions which were able to consume RE lytic activity from EGTA-treated serum. These fractions were analyzed and found to contain glucose, mannose, and galactose. No teichoic acid or protein was detected. The alternative pathway activator in P. acnes is thus a nonteichoic acid cell wall carbohydrate which, in its extractable form is capable of activating only alternative pathway reactants prior to C3. PMID- 6809841 TI - Reduction of the fraction of circulating helper-inducer T cells identified by monoclonal antibodies in psoriatic patients treated with long-term psoralen/ultraviolet-A radiation (PUVA). AB - Ultraviolet radiation has been found to alter the distribution and function of human lymphocytes. To determine whether photochemotherapy (PUVA) alters circulating levels of T cell subset marker-bearing lymphocytes, cells from 9 patients with psoriasis undergoing PUVA therapy for several years (mean 4.6 +/- 1.4 yr), 17 patients with active untreated psoriasis, and 20 healthy volunteers were reacted with monoclonal antibodies to T cell surface markers, including OKT3 (all peripheral blood T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T cells), OKT6 (common thymocytes), and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells), and analyzed by flow cytometry. There were no differences in the distribution of T cell subsets between healthy volunteers and patients with active psoriasis. In contrast, the percentages of lymphocytes reacting with OKT3 and OKT4 were lower (by 16% and 12% percent respectively, p less than 0.0025) in the PUVA-treated patients compared to healthy volunteers or patients with active psoriasis that had not received PUVA therapy. There was no difference in the percentage of OKT8 and OKT6 bearing cells. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin subsequently developed in 2 of 3 PUVA treated patients with the lowest percentages of T4-bearing cells. These findings indicate that long-term PUVA therapy is associated with a reduction in circulating helper/inducer T cells. This reduction may have a role in the altered immune function reported in PUVA-treated patients. PMID- 6809839 TI - Genetic parameters of the polygenic regulation of antibody responsiveness to flagellar and somatic antigens of salmonellae. AB - Selective breedings of mice were carried out for quantitative antibody responsiveness to flagellar Ag., f (Selection III) or somatic Ag., s (Selection IV) of two non cross-reacting Salmonellae (Salm. tm., Salm. or.) alternated for immunization of consecutive generations. At the selection limit, these selections produced homozygous high (H) and low (L) responder lines for the character investigated: peak agglutinin response to optimal secondary immunization. The responsiveness to both f and s Ags. is submitted to polygenic regulation. The heritability (h2) realized during the selective breeding was 0.37 +/- 0.07 for the response to fAg. and 0.40 +/- 0.1 for the response to s Ag. The respective part of genetic and environmental variance in F2 hybrids was 64% and 36% in selection III and 61% and 39% in selection IV. In the two selections, the dominance variance is negligible (less than 1%), therefore the genetic variance is essentially additive. The additive variance calculated as the heritable fraction of the F2 hybrid variance is somewhat lower, the reason for this difference is discussed. The quantitative antibody response to f Ag. in selection III is controlled by about seven independent loci. The antibody response to s Ag. in selection IV is controlled by about four independent loci. A possible association of relevant genes with the H-2 locus was investigated. In selection III, no significant participation if H-2 linked genes, in the regulation of responses to f and s Ags. of Salm. tm and Salm. or. could be demonstrated. In selection IV a partial contribution of H-2 linked genes was observed concerning responsiveness to both f and s Ags. of Salm. tm. but not Salm. or. Ags. The H-2 effect accounts for 25% of the total interline difference. PMID- 6809842 TI - Penicillin-induced unstable intracellular formation of spheroplasts by rickettsiae. AB - Penicillin G (greater than or equal to 20 micrograms/ml) is rapidly rickettsiacidal for intracellular Rickettsia prowazekii. Light and electron microscopic examinations revealed that penicillin G in culture medium induced a predictable transformation into typical enlarging spheroplasts deficient in the internal, putative peptidoglycan layer of the outer membrane. Under certain conditions, spheroplasts ruptured to discharge contents into host cell cytoplasm and to leave empty shells of defective outer membrane and diffuse amorphous intracytoplasmic antigen. Host cell destruction often accompanied spheroplast rupture. Penicillin G (100 micrograms/ml) caused similar spheroplast formation by Rickettsia rickettsii, but 1,000 micrograms/ml caused neither growth inhibition nor spheroplast formation in Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. The clinical and epidemiological significance of a practical rickettsiacidal drug for the treatment of louse-borne typhus fever is discussed. Practical pharmacologic considerations preclude the use of penicillin for the treatment of typhus or spotted fever. PMID- 6809843 TI - Relationship between the specificity of IgA proteases and serotypes in Haemophilus influenzae. AB - Haemophilus influenzae is one of five bacterial species known to produce IgA proteases, enzymes that specifically cleave the human IgA1 heavy chain. Strains of H. influenzae produce three distinct types of IgA proteases that cleave different peptide bonds within the IgA1 hinge region. Type 1 protease cleaves the prolyl-seryl bond at position 231-232; type 2 protease cleaves the prolyl threonyl bond at position 235-236, the same bond attacked by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis type 2 proteases. Type 3 protease yields a unique double Fd cleavage pattern; the exact peptide bonds cleaved have not been determined. The type of protease produced correlates with the serotype, but not with the biotype, of the isolate; serotypes A, B, D, and F produce primarily type 1 protease, whereas serotypes C and E produce only type 2 enzyme. Each nontypable strain yields one of the three protease types. These data further extend our knowledge of the extreme specificity of the IgA proteases and suggest that IgA protease type may be useful in the taxonomy and epidemiology of H. influenzae. PMID- 6809844 TI - Diagnosis of gonorrhea using a genetic transformation test on mailed clinical specimens. AB - The genetic transformation test (GTT), a technique used for the detection of gonococcal DNA in clinical specimens, was compared with culture testing for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. At the De Kalb County Venereal Disease Clinic, Decatur, Ga., 454 cervical and 160 rectal specimens from women and 191 urethral specimens from men were collected in duplicate. One of each of the two specimens from each anatomic site was immediately plated on Martin-Lewis medium and incubated; the other specimen was mailed to Philadelphia for a GTT. Using culture results as a standard, the GTT had a specificity of 98.1% although some "false-positive" GTT results were probably a reflection of false-negative culture results. The sensitivity of the GTT was greater than 96% except when specimens were collected with Culturettes (Marion Laboratories, Kansas City, Mo.). In situations where Gram staining is not appropriate or where on-site culture facilities are not available, GTT may be the method of choice for the diagnosis of gonorrhea. PMID- 6809846 TI - Increase in titers of antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with purulent meningitis. AB - A fourfold or greater increase in titer of complement-fixing (CF) antibodies to Mycoplasma pneumoniae was found in 40.7% of paired sera from 54 patients with bacterial meningitis that had been proven by culture and in 10.3% of 39 patients with other bacteremic infections, but in none of eight patients with whooping cough or 40 patients with mumps meningitis. The CF antigen used was a crude lipid antigen, but comparable antibody increases were found by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a crude M. pneumoniae protein antigen. Increases were also frequently seen in nonspecific antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of group A Neisseria meningitidis; these increases were significantly, but not completely, correlated to the nonspecific reactions to the mycoplasmal antigens. The data call for caution in interpreting serologic tests for M. pneumoniae when dealing with diseases not commonly associated with M. pneumoniae. PMID- 6809845 TI - Serologic diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. AB - Sera from patients receiving treatment for active bone and joint tuberculosis and sera from patients with inactive bone and joint tuberculosis were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibody to antigen 6, a homogeneous protein prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H37Ra by immunosorbent affinity chromatography. Sera from 21 control subjects had a geometric mean titer of 1:6 with no difference between tuberculin purified protein derivative-positive and -negative patients. Sera from 20 patients with inactive disease had a geometric mean titer of 1:19. Fifteen patients receiving treatment for M. tuberculosis infection had a geometric mean titer of 1:179, which is significantly different from the geometric mean titers of both of the patients with inactive tuberculosis (P less than 0.001) and the control subjects (P less than 0.001). At a cut-off titer of 1:32, the sensitivity of the assay is 94% and the specificity for the control subjects and patients with inactive disease was 100%. PMID- 6809847 TI - Resistance and susceptibility of mice to bacterial infection. IV. Genetic and cellular basis of resistance to chronic infection with Brucella abortus. AB - The number of Brucella abortus strain 19 organisms in the spleens of CBA/H mice peaked two weeks after intravenous injection of 5 X 10(6) organisms. With the onset of specific cell-mediated immunity, 90% of the bacteria were killed, but approximately 10(6) bacteria persisted up to seven weeks after infection. In contrast, in BALB/c, C57BL/10, and B10Br mice, bacterial numbers peaked at two weeks but decreased steadily with the onset of bactericidal activity. In all strains, clearance of bacteria from the liver was relatively efficient. The course of infection in (CBA/H X BALB/c) F1 mice was similar to that in CBA/H mice, indicating that the mechanism(s) leading to slower recovery from infection was dominant. The H-2 haplotype of the mice did not influence the rate of recovery from infection. The use of backcross mice showed that multiple genes were involved. In bone marrow-chimeric mice, resistance was determined by the genome of the bone marrow donor, not that of the host. PMID- 6809848 TI - [An outbreak of nosocomial infection due to multiply drug resistant strain of Serratia marcescens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809849 TI - [Species classification, pathogenicity and antibiotic-susceptibility of staphylococcal isolates from clinical specimens (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809850 TI - [Basic studies on prevention of experimental salmonellosis (4). Purification of S. enteritidis SPA (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809851 TI - [Immunoglobulin therapy for the pneumonia patient of the aged (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809852 TI - [Reconstitution of fecal and pharyngeal flora after total intestinal decontamination (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809854 TI - [Isolation of L forms of Streptococcus bovis from blood cultures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809853 TI - [Studies on phagocytosis of Shigella flexneri by peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809857 TI - [Seroepidemiological and serological surveys of influenza A outbreak in Hiroshima prefecture in 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809855 TI - [A growth media of genus Legionella in containing saccharated ferric oxide (Fesin) replacing soluble ferric pyrophosphate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809856 TI - [Laboratory-based surveillance of influenza virus in Japan in the winter of 1980 1981 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809858 TI - [Seroepidemiological survey of diphtheria antitoxin in Yamaguchi prefecture, Japan (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809861 TI - [Study on T antibody of group A streptococci in human serum with special reference to M antibody (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809860 TI - [Clinical studies on Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809859 TI - [Treatment of chronic biliary typhoid and paratyphoid carriers--results on 78 treated cases obtained in 16 years (1963 to 1978) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809862 TI - [Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of polymorphonuclear leukocytes against Pseudomonas deruginosa--effect of hypoxia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809863 TI - [Evaluation of intravenous nitroglycerin in the management of pulmonary hypertension in complete transposition of great vessels late after operation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809864 TI - [Evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary function in amenorrheic women by utilizing the combined clomiphene-GnRH test (author's transl)]. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary function in 62 women with amenorrhea syndrome was evaluated by comparing the response of gonadotropin to GnRH stimulation before and after clomiphene treatment. Each woman was initially tested with an intramuscular injection of 100 microgram GnRH, and then ingested 150 mg of clomiphene daily for 5 consecutive days followed by GnRH test. Fourteen out of 29 patients with 1st grade amenorrhea showed increased baseline LH, FSH and estradiol, and slightly decreased net responses of LH to GnRH after clomiphene administration, indicating that positive and negative estrogen feedback for gonadotropin release is functioning. In contrast, 8 patients with 2nd grade amenorrhea (17 cases) showed an increase in LH net responses after Clomid treatment. In 5 patients, however, clomiphene induced the increase in baseline LH and FSH values and the decrease in the LH release in response to GnRH as seen in the 1st grade amenorrheic patients. These 5 patients ovulated on that clomiphene dosage. One patient with PCO also had a barely significant decrease in LH responses to GnRH following clomiphene administration, with slightly increased baseline gonadotropins. With one exception, all the 5 patients with primary amenorrhea showed no or poor LH responses to GnRH. Following clomiphene administration, no change in either baseline gonadotropine levels or pituitary responsiveness to GnRH was observed in 4 patients, suggesting that a hypothalamic pituitary defect appeared most likely to be present. The two patients with streak gonad had significantly high responses to GnRH injection and further increase in the responses following clomiphene administration, accompanied by a slightly decreased baseline gonadotropin levels. On the other hand, in hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea syndrome individual response to GnRH before and after clomiphene use was quite variable. It is likely that this group includes the patients with various pathologic states of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. Thus, syndrome and in diagnosing the degree and the site of the defect. PMID- 6809865 TI - [Assessment of fetal lung maturity by immunological measurement of fetal pulmonary surfactant apoproteins in amniotic fluid (author's transl)]. AB - The pulmonary surfactant consists of phospholipid and 10% apoprotein. The lipid fraction has been extensively studied. The protein fraction, however has not been completely dissolved. We isolated the surfactant from autopsy human lung washing fluid and amniotic fluid. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weights of the two surfactant apoproteins were estimated to be approximately 36,000 and 16,000. The identity of surfactant fractions from both lung washing and amniotic fluid was demonstrated by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The pulmonary surfactant apoproteins in amniotic fluid was measured by using Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The pulmonary surfactant became detected from 32 week gestation in amniotic fluid, and its concentration increased significantly at 36 week gestation. The coefficient of correlation between surfactant apoprotein and shake test was 0.76, and that of between apoprotein and disaturated lecithin (DSL) was 0.61. Amniotic fluid contaminated with blood or meconium are often false positive results in shake test or DSL concentration. On the other hand, the apoprotein determination by Laurell's method, which however was too complicated to perform clinically, gave reliability regardless of the contamination. PMID- 6809866 TI - [Cardiac function during exercise in effort angina Part 2. Comparison of the effects of nitroglycerin and digitalis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809867 TI - [A case with gold nephropathy: X-ray energy dispersive analysis of gold deposition in renal tissue (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809868 TI - [A female with Fabry's disease with cerebral infarction and aortic regulation and stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809869 TI - [A case of desquamative interstitial pneumonia associated with benign monoclonal gammopathy (IgA-kappa) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809870 TI - [Effects of the crown edge on the periodontal tissue]. PMID- 6809871 TI - Diabetes I: Diabetic ketoacidosis. PMID- 6809872 TI - The aminopyrine breath test as a measure of liver function. A quantitative description of its metabolic basis in normal subjects. AB - The APBT is used widely as a measure of liver function. The development of the APBT into a liver function test of greater diagnostic value requires quantitative information on the processes involved in aminopyrine disposition and metabolism in man and on how APBT values reflect changes in these processes. A dual-isotope kinetic study of aminopyrine disposition and metabolism has been carried out on five normal adult subjects. Oral administration of 13C-aminopyrine (2 mg/kg) accompanied by simultaneous intravenous injection of 14C-aminopyrine was followed by serial measurements of aminopyrine and monomethylaminopyrine in plasma and urine over 6 hr. Timed collections of respiratory CO2 were analyzed for the content of excess 13CO2 and for 14CO2. On separate days, an intravenous bolus of 13C-labeled NaHCO3 was administered to obtain estimates of the kinetic parameters of CO2 elimination in each subject. These data were fitted simultaneously to a multicompartmental model that, in addition to providing hitherto unavailable quantitative information, has revealed that (1) demethylation is the major elimination pathway for aminopyrine; (2) a major alternative pathway not involving demethylation exists for monomethylaminopyrine; and (3) only 50% of the labeled carbon generated by demethylation eventually is oxidized to HCO3-. The sensitivity of seven types of APBT scores to 50% reductions in the rates of aminopyrine absorption, metabolism of monomethylaminoantipyrine, intermediate carbon metabolism, and bicarbonate kinetics was evaluated with breath test curves simulated using the APBT model. Every APBT score currently in use was affected by variations in both gastrointestinal output of aminopyrine and bicarbonate kinetics. There is a need for further development of selective scoring methods in the aminopyrine breath test. PMID- 6809874 TI - De novo sterologenesis in intact primates. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that in intact rodents, extrahepatic tissues are much more important sites of de novo sterologenesis than previously appreciated. The present investigation was undertaken to localize the sites of cholesterol and nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis in intact primates. Tritiated water was employed as the radiolabeled tracer for quantifying sterol synthesis. Our results indicate that in the intact primate, tissues other than the liver account for the majority of the newly synthesized cholesterol (74.5% to 84.4%) and nonsaponifiable lipids (77.3% of 86.5%). This extrahepatic sterologenesis is primarily localized to the intestine, skin, and carcass (all tissues not specifically analyzed). Sterologenesis in the other tissues made only a minor contribution to total animal cholesterol and nonsaponifiable lipid synthesis. Moreover, cholesterol feeding that inhibited hepatic and small intestinal sterol synthesis did not greatly affect skin or carcass sterologenesis. This indicates that transport of sterols from either the live or intestine to peripheral tissues does not contribute greatly to the newly synthesized sterols localized in extrahepatic, extraintestinal sites. PMID- 6809873 TI - Effect of potassium on distal nephron hydrogen ion secretion in the dog. AB - The purpose of these investigations was to determine whether potassium might influence the DNHS and, if so, to gain insight into the mechanisms involved. Since DNHS is decreased by ECF volume expansion, dogs were studied in both normovolemic and ECF volume-expanded states. DNHS was assessed in vivo by examining the U-B PCO2. In dogs with an expanded ECF volume, the U-B PCO2 at comparable urine bicarbonate concentrations was almost 50% lower than in the normovolemic dogs. Despite hyperkalemia and kaluresis, the U-B PCO2 was minimally affected by potassium infusion in the dogs with an expanded ECF volume. In contrast, in the normovolemic dogs, the U-B PCO2 was much higher before potassium administration and it decreased after potassium infusion to levels comparable to those observed in the dogs with ECF volume expansion. The U-B PCO2 in the normovolemic dogs was inversely related to the rate of potassium excretion when this rate was less than 150 muEq/min. Amiloride, an agent that decreases the electrical gradient favoring DNHS, caused only a small fall in the U-B PCO2 in potassium-loaded dogs with either a normal or an expanded ECF volume. Although other explanations are possible, we favor the hypothesis that the secretion of potassium into the distal nephron led to a reduced rate of hydrogen ion secretion provided that there was a significant avidity for sodium reabsorption. PMID- 6809875 TI - Penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae among female patients in Siriraj Hospital 1981. PMID- 6809878 TI - A genetic analysis of the determination of cuticular polarity during development in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - The polarity mutants pk, sple, mwh, fz and in alter the orientations of cuticular processes in several regions of the body. The mutant polarity patterns are constant and do not result from alterations in cell lineage. Polarity patterns are locus specific rather than allele specific (new alleles express the same polarity patterns as the original alleles). In the wing, polarity formation is largely cell autonomous and is independent of the anteroposterior compartment boundary. By genetic and physiological manipulation it is shown that the mutant polarity patterns are unaffected by the size of the wing blade or the number of cells that form it. Mutants which remove parts of the wing margin or alter the distribution pattern of wing veins do not alter the mutant polarity patterns. Thus, neither the wing margins nor the pattern of vein tissue act as spatial references for polarity formation. The determination of mutant polarity patterns is not dependent on the overall topology of the wing blade but is region specific. The mutants affect several independent functions. The possible wild type function of the loci in polarity formation is discussed. PMID- 6809877 TI - Construction and characterization of the host component of the Bacillus subtilis HV2 cloning system. AB - A strain of Bacillus subtilis has been developed and tested for use as the host component of the B. subtilis HV2 system. The strain was constructed incorporating the following mutations: thyA, thyB, uvr-1, dal, spoOA delta 677, citD delta 20 (uvrC), strd. The strain is unable to grow in the absence of thymine, D-alanine, or streptomycin; unable to sporulate; and sensitive to UV radiation. Survival of the attenuated strain was severely restricted in nonpermissive environments, and the organism suffered a five-log decrease in viability within 24 h when dried at room temperature. The strain could be transformed with plasmid DNA using the protoplast transformation system and was transducible with PBS1. The ability of the strain to serve as host for the temperate phages phi 3T and rho 11 and for the plasmid vectors pUB110 and pBD64 was unimpaired. PMID- 6809876 TI - Biological nitrogen fixation: primary structure of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifH and nifD genes. AB - A DNA fragment carrying the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifK, D, and H genes was isolated from the nif- strain UNF841 (Tn5::nifK) by molecular cloning into the Escherichia coli plasmid pBR325. The nucleotide sequences of both the nifH gene, which encodes the Fe protein of the nitrogenase enzyme complex, and 622 nucleotides of the nifD gene, which encodes the alpha-subunit of the Mo-Fe protein, were determined by direct DNA sequencing by both the chemical and chain termination methods. A comparison of the primary structure of the Klebsiella nifH gene and its product with that recently determined for the blue-green alga Anabaena demonstrates that the gene sequences are more divergent than the protein sequence data would suggest. This implies that despite the strong, presumably functional, constraints that act at the protein structure level, the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its mRNA are only restrained by the coding requirements, allowing substantial drift in codon usage. PMID- 6809879 TI - Regulation of ciliary pattern in Dileptus (Ciliata). I. Sensory cilia and their conversion into locomotor cilia. AB - The surface of Dileptus contains three different regions: locomotor, oral and sensory. Each region has cilia with a specific structure and arranged in a characteristic pattern. In the morphogenetic situation when a sensory region transforms into a locomotor one, sensory cilia undergo structural changes converting them into locomotor cilia. The evidence for this is that cilia are found in the transforming region with an inner microtubular pattern intermediate between that of sensory and locomotor cilia. There are also changes in distribution of sensory units leading to a pattern characteristic of locomotor cilia. The conversion of sensory cilia into locomotor ones is also confirmed by a complete lack of evidence for resorption of sensory units within the transforming region, although the resorption is usually very easily observed with the transmission electron microscope. Transformation lasts about 5 h after the operation; afterwards locomotor cilia of normal appearance occupy the transformed region. This way of regulation of ciliary pattern has not been previously described. Its most surprising feature is the regulation of inner structure in an already differentiated ciliary unit. Some aspects of mechanisms which could control this kind of pattern regulation, are discussed. PMID- 6809880 TI - Isotype commitment in the in vivo immune responses. I. Antigen-dependent specific and polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses by B lymphocytes induced to extensive proliferation. AB - The random recombination and deletion hypothesis for the control of isotype commitment in antibody responses was directly tested in a serial transfer system in vivo. Normal or hyperimmune spleen cells were used in weekly serial transfers with antigen into irradiated recipients until clonal senescence was observed. Antigen-specific and -nonspecific plaque-forming cells of all isotypes were determined at each transfer time. No major changes in the isotypes of specific antibodies were observed for the whole life-span of the transferred cells (9-10 wk), and no indication was obtained for the accumulation of cells transcribing the most 3' members of the C-gene cluster with sustained proliferation. Rather, the dominant isotypes were found throughout the response to be IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2a. The results imply isotype-specific regulatory mechanisms in the control of Ig class production. These appear to operate as well in the antigen-nonspecific component of the immune response. PMID- 6809881 TI - Serologic identification of the human secondary B cell antigens. Correlations between function, genetics, and structure. AB - The secondary B cell (SB) antigens are polymorphic HLA-linked antigens on human B cells and macrophages that are identified by primed T cell responses but are genetically distinct from the HLA-DR, MB, and MT antigens. Serologic identification of the SB molecule, using the monoclonal antibody ILR1, now makes it possible to correlate the function of these determinants in human T cell recognition with an Ia-like molecular structure and a genetic locus that marks a new HLA subregion. Three lines of evidence indicate that the ILR1 molecule identifies an epitope on some alleles of the SB gene: (a) the polymorphism of ILR1 -reactivity in the population correlates with SB2 SB3; (b) T cell proliferative response to SB2 and SB3 are specifically inhibited by ILR1; and (c) ILR1 reactivity is exactly concordant with the expression of SB2 in a panel of HLA-deletion mutant lymphoblastoid cell line. Together with previous studies, these results indicate that the SB antigens are on Ia-like molecules. Furthermore, the serologic studies of HLA-deletion mutant cell lines demonstrate that there are two HLA regions centromeric to HLA-B controlling expression of Ia like molecules: a region toward HLA-B that controls expression of HLA-DR, and a region toward GLO that controls expression of SB. PMID- 6809883 TI - [The enzymatic analysis of sphingomyelin in HDL (author's transl)]. AB - A simple method is described for the enzymatic determination of sphingomyelin in the apolipoprotein B-free supernatants prepared by precipitation of blood sera with phosphotungstate/MgCl2. The analysis is based on the enzymatic hydrolysis of sphingomyelin, by sphingomyelinase from B. cereus, into phosphorylcholine and N acylsphingosine, and subsequent hydrolysis of phosphorylcholine by alkaline phosphatase. The choline formed is determined by choline kinase in an optical test. The results from this method were in good agreement with those obtained by the conventional chemical sphingomyelin determination. Furthermore, there was a good correlation between the sphingomyelin concentrations obtained from the HDL fractions isolated by ultracentrifugation (1.063-1.21 kg/l) and those obtained from the apolipoprotein B free supernatants after phosphotungstate/mgCl2 precipitation of sera. PMID- 6809884 TI - Properties of an oviducal protein involved in amphibian oocyte fertilization. AB - The secretion produced at the most cephalic portion of the oviduct of the toad (pars recta in Bufo arenarum) is involved in fertilization. Although the present study indicates that a prerequisite for the fertilization of coelomic eggs is either their passage through the pars recta (PR) or their treatment with PR secretion fluid prior to insemination, the exact role of this secretion in the fertilization process is still not clearly understood. A protein acting upon the vitelline envelope (VE) of Bufo arenarum coelomic eggs has been purified from secretion fluid (pars recta protein, PRP). Some properties of both this protein and the secretion fluid are examined in an effort to understand their mechanism of action. It was shown that PRP partially dissolves the VE of coelomic oocytes in a way that resembles the action of proteolytic enzymes. PRP has also proved to be active on synthetic substrates of proteolytic enzymes such as p-Tosyl-L arginine methyl ester-HCl (TAME), alpha-N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester-HCl (BAEE), and alpha-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide HCl (BAPNA). PR enzyme is activated by calcium ions, shows a broad peak of maximum activity at pH 7.8, is stable at alkaline pH, and is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCl (TLCK) but not by lima bean trypsin inhibitor (LBTI) or L-1-tosyl-amide-2-phenylethylchloro-methyl-ketone (TPCK). PMID- 6809885 TI - One hundred and two cases of hemophilia A in Taiwan. II. Treatment, complications and personal and social problems. PMID- 6809886 TI - Growth of Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes on glycerol: the effect of aerobic and anaerobic growth in the presence and absence of haematin on enzyme synthesis. AB - Streptococcus faecalis var. zymogenes was grown aerobically and anaerobically in the presence and absence of haematin, with glycerol as the carbon and energy source. Aerobic growth was stimulated by the inclusion of haematin in the medium but fumarate had no effect on growth. The bacterium was unable to grow anaerobically on glycerol unless fumarate was present; haematin had no effect on growth. NADH oxidase activity, which catalysed the oxidation of NADH + H+ to form H2O rather than H2O2, was found in the soluble fraction and was induced by aerobic growth but partially repressed when haematin was present in the medium. In contrast, a particulate NADH oxidase, which was sensitive to inhibition by antimycin A and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide, was induced by aerobic growth in the presence of haematin. NADH peroxidase was massively induced by aerobic growth, whereas more lactate dehydrogenase activity was found in anaerobically grown bacteria. Catalase was formed only during aerobic growth in the presence of haematin. PMID- 6809882 TI - Induction of interleukin 1 secretion and enhancement of humoral immunity by binding of human C5a to macrophage surface C5a receptors. AB - The mechanism by which human C5a anaphylatoxin augments the primary humoral response of murine splenocytes to antigen has been investigated. Culture supernatants were generated from splenic adherent cells or macrophage cell lines after exposure to a brief pulse of human C5a. Supernatants from the macrophage like cell line P388D1, which bears surface receptors for C5a, enhance the PFC response to antigen, whereas those from the closely related cell line P388, which lacks surface receptors for C5a, fail to cause enhancement. Supernatants from splenic adherent cells, which also bear C5a receptors, similarly augment the SRBC response. Active supernatants, but not those devoid of activity, were shown to contain interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity by both the thymocyte mitogenesis and thymocyte costimulator assays. None of the supernatants contained IL-2 activity. These observations suggest that the recently described role of human C5a as an immunopotentiating modulator is mediated by its ability to induce production of IL-1 upon binding to specific receptors at the macrophage cell surface. PMID- 6809887 TI - Oxygen affinities of the hydrogenosome-containing protozoa Tritrichomonas foetus and Dasytricha ruminantium, and two aerobic protozoa, determined by bacterial bioluminescence. AB - Oxygen-dependent bioluminescence of Photobacterium (Vibrio) fischeri was used to measure oxygen affinities of four protozoa. The aerobic organisms Acanthamoeba castellanii and Tetrahymena pyriformis showed apparent Km values for O2 of 0.42 and 2.43 microM respectively. The aerotolerant anaerobe Tritrichomonas foetus, and the more strictly anaerobic rumen ciliate Dasytricha ruminantium, both of which have hydrogenosomes, respired with apparent Km values of 1.08 and 1.70 microM-O2. We conclude that mitochondrial respiration is not the only process conferring on organisms a high affinity for O2. PMID- 6809889 TI - The role of surface stress in the morphology of microbes. AB - The shapes of many prokaryotes can be understood by the assumption that the cell wall expands in response to tension created by the osmotically derived hydrostatic pressure. Different organisms have different shapes because wall growth takes place in different regions. A previous paper (Koch et al., 1981 a) considered the simplest case of prokaryotic growth, i.e. that of Streptococcus faecium. In the present paper, an elaboration of this theory is applied to two further cases - the more perfectly spherical cocci and the rod-shaped bacteria. These cases are more complex mathematically, because growth over a considerable fraction of the surface must be considered. Such diffuse growth cannot be treated analytically, but can be simulated on a computer or handled by geometric arguments. The spherical form of the cocci may result from either diffuse growth over their entire external surface, or from zonal growth in which the addition of new material only occurs in the immediate vicinity of the splitting septum. In the zonal model, it must be assumed that the least amount of previously laid down septal peptidoglycan consistent with wall growth is reworked in the formation of the new external wall. For Gram-positive rods, where the body of the rod is truly cylindrical, three kinds of growth zones are required: (1) the inward edge of the ingrowing septum, (2) the junction of septum and nascent pole, and (3) the cylindrical walls. Two modes for cylindrical elongation ara possible: (a) new wall is added in one or a few narrow annular zones, or (b) new wall material is added continuously all over the innermost surface and the outer layer is degraded. It is shown that the latter case applies to Bacillus subtilis. Also summarized in this paper are results, developed in more detail elsewhere, concerning the morphology of fusiform bacteria, Gram-negative rods and the hyphal tips of fungi. PMID- 6809888 TI - Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae recognize different specificity determinants in the DNA uptake step of genetic transformation. AB - Cross-transformation and quantitative competition experiments showed that Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus influenzae do not interact with each other's DNA in transformation. These organisms must interact with different recognition sequences during DNA uptake. PMID- 6809890 TI - Consultation to line staff and its impact on the care of chronic patients. AB - This study was carried out to determine whether long term chronic deteriorated patients could be taught skills in activities of daily living by therapy aides to improve their quality of life in the hospital. It was designed as a controlled trial comparing active intervention in the experimental wards with routine nursing care in the control wards. The results showed that, even in such a short period as 3 months, active treatment produced results which were statistically significantly better than the controls. It is concluded that mental hygiene therapy aides, given adequate support and encouragement, can make measurable and observable improvements in the behavior of long term patients. The implications of the results are considered. PMID- 6809891 TI - The contribution of amphetamine metabolites of (-)-deprenyl to its antiparkinsonian properties. AB - Although (-)-deprenyl is known to be metabolized to methamphetamine and amphetamine, two small-scale double-blind trials indicate that neither metabolite contributes to all therapeutic benefit conferred by this drug in certain patients with Parkinson's disease: the manipulation of urinary pH, which alters the rate of excretion of these metabolites, failed to change the response pattern; substitution of a metabolite mixture for active drug caused a falling off in benefit. PMID- 6809892 TI - Effect of gammahydroxybutyric acid on catecholamine synthesis and utilization in the developing rat brain. AB - Gammahydroxybutyric acid (GHBA) was administered subcutaneously, 750 mg/kg, to 1, 4, 14 and 28 days old rats 30 or 90 min before sacrifice. Whole brain and regional brain levels of tyrosine, dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) were measured. In some experiments the tyrosine hydroxylase activity was studied by measuring the accumulation of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) after inhibition of aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase. GHBA induced an increase in tyrosine and DA levels at the various ages except at 1 day of postnatal age. The effect of GHBA on the accumulation of DOPA after inhibition of aromatic L-aminoacid decarboxylase varied with age. Thus, tyrosine hydroxylase activity seemed to be enhanced in the 4 days old rats after 90 min and after 30 min in the 28 days old rats. Ninety minutes after GHBA administration to the 28 days old animals, DOPA accumulation reached or was slightly below control levels. Brain NA levels were not affected by GHBA administration. Regional analysis of DA and NA after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase with alpha-methyltyrosine demonstrated a reduced disappearance of DA after GHBA in the striatum region already from 4 days of postnatal age. GHBA administration did not affect the nerve impulse release of NA in any of the brain regions studied. It may be concluded that GHBA acts inhibitory on brain DA neurons during early postnatal development. PMID- 6809893 TI - Homologous and hybrid calcium complexes of A23187 and hypoglycemic sulfonylureas: nuclear magnetic resonance and conformational analysis. AB - Hypoglycemic sulfonylureas (e.g., gliclazide) are able to transport calcium across hydrophobic domains. Gliclazide and the ionophore A23187 act synergistically upon calcium transport. One calcium atom is complexed by either two molecules of sulfonylureas (or A23187) or one molecule each of sulfonylurea and A23187; the existence of such hybrid complexes has been documented by nuclear magnetic resonance. Conformation analysis of the calcium-gliclazide complex suggests close apposition of the toluyl groups in the gliclazide molecules. PMID- 6809894 TI - Preparative separation and amino acid composition of neurofilament triplet proteins. AB - Intact neurofilaments were isolated from bovine spinal cord white matter, washed by sedimentation in 0.1 M-NaCl, and extracted with 8 M-urea. Solubilized neurofilament triplet proteins of molecular weights approximately 68,000 (P68), 150,000 (P150), and 200,000 (P200) were purified by preparative electrophoresis, using an LKB 7900 Uniphor apparatus. The method provides for an enhanced yield of purified protein and has markedly reduced admixture of electrophoresed protein with acrylamide and associated protein contaminants. Amino acid compositions of the purified neurofilament triplet proteins are reported and compared. PMID- 6809895 TI - Analysis and comparison of in vitro synthesized glial fibrillary acidic protein with rat CNS intermediate filament proteins. AB - Intermediate filament (IF) proteins from rat spinal cord were analyzed by two dimensional gel electrophoresis and compared with the in vitro translation products of a messenger RNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate system stimulated with 16-day-old rat brain polysomes. In two dimensions, the molecular weight 49,000 to 50,000 band of the IF preparation resolved to seven spots, whereas antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein precipitated only two immediately adjacent radiolabeled in vitro synthesized products, with molecular weights of 49,000 to 50,000. Autoradiographs of two-dimensional gels of extracted IF proteins incubated with iodinated IgG fraction of GFA protein antiserum showed that all seven spots were recognized by the antiserum. These observations suggest that the primary gene product of GFA protein is modified either by post-translational processing or experimental artifact. PMID- 6809896 TI - Simultaneous separation and purification of neurofilament and glial filament proteins from brain. AB - Neurofilaments (NF) and glial filaments (GF) were purified from bovine brain by the axonal flotation method, followed by hydroxylapatite chromatography in 8 M urea. The proteins were shown to be competent to reassemble into intermediate filaments with removal of the denaturant, and reassembly was used as the final step in the purification of the filament proteins. The reassembly was found to be dependent on ionic strength and pH. This dependence was greater for neurofilaments than for the glial filaments. The NF and GF preparations were found not to be contaminated with each other by their gel electrophoretic profile and their immunological distinctness. The filament proteins can be obtained in high yield, and remain in solution if the urea is removed by dialysis against a low-ionic-strength buffer. Hence, they can provide a source for further biochemical studies. PMID- 6809897 TI - [14C]Glucose metabolism in sympathetic ganglia of chicken embryos and in primary cultures of neurons and of other cells from these ganglia. AB - Metabolism of [1-14C]glucose and [6-14C]glucose was measured in sympathetic ganglia excised from chicken embryos 12-16 days old and in primary cultures of neurons or nonneurons prepared from these ganglia. Some metabolic rates tended to change with the tissue/medium ratio, so this variable had to be controlled. Less C-6 than C-1 od glucose was put out in CO2 by all three types of preparations, indicating operation of the hexosemonophosphate shunt. The C-6/C-1 ratio was greater for the neuronal cultures and for intact ganglia than for the nonneuronal cultures. The C-6/C-1 ratio for the neurons increased with the amount of tissue added to a given volume of incubation medium, in agreement with previous experiments on embryonic dorsal root ganglia (Larrabee, 1978). Per unit of protein, the output of C-1 of glucose in CO2 was higher in both the neuronal and the nonneural cultures than in intact ganglia, whereas that of C-6 was higher in the neuronal cultures and lower in the nonneuronal ones than in the ganglia. The rates of release in lactate of C-1 and C-6 of glucose were 3-5 times higher from both types of cultures than from intact ganglia. The average rates of incorporation of C-1 and C-6 of glucose into tissue constituents were lower in the cultures than in intact ganglia, significantly so for incorporation of C-6 in the nonneuronal cultures. PMID- 6809898 TI - Effect of dopamine agonists and antagonists on DOPA formation in the substantia nigra. AB - The effect of different psychotropic drugs on the rate of DOPA accumulation after administration of a decarboxylase inhibitor (NSD 1015) was compared in the substantia nigra (SN) and caudate nucleus (CN) by a new radioenzymatic method. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase with pargyline or stimulation of dopamine (DA) receptors with apomorphine, N-n-propylnorapomorphine or D-amphetamine reduced DOPA formation in the CN and SN to the same extent. Vice versa, both inhibition of DA receptors with haloperidol or (-)sulpiride and depletion of DA concentration with reserpine enhanced DOPA formation to a greater extent in the CN than in the SN. Apomorphine antagonized not only the effect of haloperidol and (-)sulpiride, but also, and even more effectively, that of reserpine. The results indicate that DA synthesis in the SN is controlled by both end-product inhibition and DA receptor-mediated mechanisms. PMID- 6809900 TI - Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase: activities in oligodendrocytes, neurons, astrocytes, and myelin isolated from developing rat brains. AB - Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were determined in oligodendrocytes, neurons, and astrocytes isolated from the brains of developing rats. The activity of each enzyme was significantly lower in both neurons and astrocytes than in oligodendrocytes. The GPDH activity in oligodendrocytes increased more than 4-fold during development, and at 120 days cells of this type had 1.4-fold the specific activity of forebrain homogenates. The G6PDH activities in oligodendrocytes from 10-day-old rats were 1.4-fold the activities in the forebrain homogenates. The activities of this enzyme in oligodendrocytes were progressively lower at later ages, such that at 120 days the cells had 0.8 times the specific activities of homogenates. The oligodendrocytes had 0.6 times the homogenate activities of LDH at 10 days, and this ratio had decreased to 0.2 by 120 days. These enzymes were also measured in myelin isolated from 20-, 60-, and 120-day-old rats. By 120 days the specific activities of G6PDH and LDH in myelin were less than 8% of the respective activities in homogenates. The GPDH activity in myelin was, however, at least 20% the specific activity in the homogenates, even in the oldest animals. It is proposed that LDH could be used as a marker for oligodendroglial cytoplasm in subfractions of myelin and in myelin-related membrane vesicles. PMID- 6809899 TI - Effects of divalent cations on the glycolipids from cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells. AB - The influence of divalent cations on glycosphingolipid metabolism was examined in the NB41A mouse neuroblastoma clonal cell line. HPLC methods were utilized to quantitate the effects on neutral glycolipids and monosialogangliosides. NB41A cells were shown to contain GM3, GM2, GM1, GD3, and GD1a by HPLC and TLC. The neutral glycosphingolipids consisted of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), GalNAc (beta 1 leads to 4) Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc(beta 1 leads to 1)Cer (GgOse3Cer), and GalNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)Gal(alpha 1 leads to 4) Gal(beta 1 leads to 4)Glc(beta 1 leads to 1)Cer (GbOse4Cer) according to their HPLC behavior. Cells grown in the presence of 1.85 mM-EGTA showed a two to threefold increase in GM3 whereas other glycosphingolipids were only slightly affected. When cells were grown in the presence of 1.45 mM-EGTA plus 0.4 mM-EDTA a similar increase in GM3 was observed but this change was now accompanied by decreases in GM2, GM1, GgOse3Cer. The EGTA-EDTA effects were reversed when growth was in the presence of Ca2+ sufficient to bind all chelator. Mn2+ replacement reversed the chelator effects differentially; GM2 and GM1 levels were the most sensitive to increases in Mn2+ concentration; GgOse3Cer and GbOse4Cer were also sensitive, whereas GM3 was the least affected. These results suggest calcium serves an important regulatory role on GM3 levels and that manganese concentration may regulate the levels of galactosamine-containing glycolipids in mouse NB41A neuroblastoma cells. PMID- 6809901 TI - Antibodies specific for alpha-N-acetyl-beta-endorphins: radioimmunoassays and detection of acetylated beta-endorphins in pituitary extracts. PMID- 6809902 TI - Glycogen metabolism in bovine adrenal medulla. AB - Glycogen content was determined both in whole adrenal medullary tissue and in isolated adrenal chromaffin cells, in which it responds to glucose deprivation and restoration. [14C]glucose incorporation into glycogen in isolated adrenal chromaffin cells is increased by previous glucose deprivation ("fasting"). Total glycogen synthase activities are 452 +/- 66 mU/g in whole tissue and 305 +/- 108 mU/g in isolated cells. The Km of glycogen synthase for UDP-glucose is 0.67 mM with 13 mM glucose-6-phosphate and 1 mM without this effector. The in vitro inactivation process of glycogen synthase a has been found to be mainly cyclic AMP-dependent, but it also responds to Ca2+. Total glycogen phosphorylase activities are 8.69 +/- 1.26 U/g in whole tissue and 2.38 +/- 0.30 U/g in isolated cells. The requirements for interconversion in vitro of both glycogen synthase and phosphorylase suggest a system similar to that of other tissues. During incubation of isolated adrenal chromaffin cells with 5 mM-glucose, phosphorylase a activity decreases and synthase a activity increases; these changes are more marked in "fasted" cells. Glycogen content and glycogen synthase and phosphorylase activities are higher in the adrenal medulla than in the brain, suggesting a greater metabolic role of glycogen in the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6809903 TI - Production of [14C]acetylcholine and [14C]carbon dioxide from [U-14C]glucose in tissue prisms from aging rat brain. AB - Production of [14C]acetylcholine and 14CO2 was examined by using tissue prisms from neocortex, hippocampus, and striatum from rats aged approximately 5 months, 13 months, and 27 months. [14C]Acetylcholine synthesis in the striatum showed highly significant decreases with age for measurements in the presence of both 5 mM- and 31 mM-K+, contrasting with the lack of significant change in 14CO2 production in this region. The neocortex and hippocampus showed only small changes, especially when comparison was made between 13-month and senescent animals. Measurements of the release of [14C]acetylcholine and influence of atropine on this release confirmed the relative stability with age of the cholinergic system in the neocortex. PMID- 6809904 TI - Static and dynamic activity of cold receptors at various calcium levels. PMID- 6809905 TI - Relation of size and activity of motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons during skilled movements in the monkey. AB - Activity of motor cortex pyramidal tract neurons (PTNs) was recorded in monkeys making large (20 degrees), high velocity and small (1 to 2 degrees), low velocity pronation-supination arm movements in a visual pursuit-tracking paradigm. Antidromic response latencies (ADLs) or PTNs were examined in relation to PTN modulation with the large and small movements to test the hypothesis that PTNs would exhibit a "size principle" analogous to that of spinal cord motoneurons. It was found that smaller PTNs (i.e., those having longer ADLs) discharged just as strongly with small, slow movements as with large, fast movements, while about one-third of the larger PTNs (even those selected for a significant relation to small movement) discharged more intensely with the large movement. Another analysis dealing with PTNs in a selected set of penetrations in an area focal for pronation-supination showed that PTNs with longer ADLs (greater than 1 msec) were more likely to reach maximum frequency with small, slow movement. There was, however, much overlap in the behavior of small and large PTNs, and while there was a statistically significant relation between size and movement-related activity of PTNs, there did not seem to be a "size principle" in the strict sense that this term has been used with reference to spinal cord motoneurons. PMID- 6809906 TI - Distribution of protein I and regulation of its state of phosphorylation in the rabbit superior cervical ganglion. AB - The distribution and regulation of the state of phosphorylation of Protein I have been studied in the rabbit superior cervical sympathetic ganglion. The data indicate that the ganglion contains two pools of Protein I: a presynaptic pool that represents 60% of the total ganglion Protein I and a postsynaptic pool that represents 40% of the total ganglion Protein I. The state of phosphorylation of presynaptic Protein I, but not that of postsynaptic Protein I, is regulated by nerve impulse conduction, by dopamine, and by a high K+ concentration. Studies of the extracellular calcium requirements for Protein I phosphorylation, as well as peptide-mapping analyses of Protein I, suggest that the effects of nerve impulse conduction and of a high K+ concentration are mediated through the activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases and that the effect of dopamine is mediated through the activation of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The total amount of postsynaptic Protein I, but not that of presynaptic Protein I, is decreased by short periods of exposure to cycloheximide, a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is proposed that Protein I located in presynaptic nerve terminals plays a functional role in those terminals and that the Protein I located in cell bodies is newly synthesized and en route to nerve terminals. PMID- 6809908 TI - Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations of the brain. An important entity in the differential diagnosis of intractable focal seizure disorders. AB - Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) in patients with no previous history of hemorrhage are uncommon but benign lesions that present with clinical and radiographic findings which are often indistinguishable from those of other mass lesions, particularly low-grade gliomas. The authors report seven cases of thrombosed AVM's presenting as intractable seizure disorders in which the radiographic studies had suggested a low-grade glioma. All seven patients are now seizure-free 2 to 40 months postoperatively. The importance of surgical exploration in the management of such patients is emphasized. A review of 32 cases reported in the literature is presented. The reasons why angiography may fail to demonstrate an AVM, and the possible etiologies for the spontaneous thrombosis of an AVM are discussed. PMID- 6809907 TI - Thyrotrophin-producing pituitary adenomas. AB - Hyperthyroidism due to thyrotrophin (TSH)-secreting pituitary tumors is rare. Four cases are described, with the features that allow preoperative diagnosis. In all the patients, thyroid hormone production was consistently elevated despite antithyroid therapy, and TSH levels were inappropriately elevated. All patients were treated with both surgery and irradiation. Each patient had recurrent tumor with suprasellar, intrasphenoidal, or intraorbital spread. The combination of a recurrent, aggressive tumor complicated by thyrotoxicosis makes this a complex and difficult surgical problem. PMID- 6809909 TI - Xenon-133 evidence of bronchopleural fistula healing during treatment of mixed aspergillus and tuberculous empyema. PMID- 6809911 TI - Food intake, growth and tissue amino acid concentrations in lean and obese (ob/ob) mice fed a threonine-imbalanced diet. AB - Food intake, growth and tissue amino acid concentrations were determined in lean and obese (ob/ob) mice fed a threonine-imbalanced diet. The poorest growth occurred in lean mice fed the imbalanced diet for 7 days; lean mice eating this diet supplemented with the threonine gained three times as much weight as those not receiving the supplement. Weight gains of obese mice consuming the imbalanced diet were not depressed. The obese mice ate more of all but the unsupplemented control diet than did the lean mice. Only lean mice fed a more severely imbalanced diet for 1 day lost weight and decreased their food intake; threonine concentration decreased in blood, brain and muscle of these lean mice but only in brain of the corresponding obese mice. Except for the sum of the concentrations of large neutral amino acids, amino acid levels were low in muscle of control obese mice. When other groups of lean and obese mice were fed a 60% casein diet concentrations of large neutral amino acids in plasma and liver, but not in brain, were 4- and 5-fold greater than in mice fed an 8% casein diet. The results suggest that responses of obese and lean mice to a threonine-imbalanced diet differ. PMID- 6809910 TI - Free thyroid hormones and thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone in patients affected by chronic liver disease. PMID- 6809912 TI - In vitro estimation of iron availability in meals containing soy products. AB - Effects on relative nonheme iron availability of soy protein products incorporated into meals were evaluated. An in vitro method was used to estimate nonheme iron availability. Incorporation of soy isolate into a semisynthetic meal reduced estimated iron availability (dialyzable iron) compared to an egg white control, but this effect was reversed by baking the soy isolate. Ascorbic acid was not as effective in increasing estimated iron availability in soy-containing meals as in an egg white control meal. When 34 individual soy products were substituted for egg white in semisynthetic meal, iron availability range from 3.23 to 0.00% dialyzable iron. Iron availability appears to be inversely related to the protein content of the soy products. Soy isolates, as a group, had lower relative iron availability than the group of soy flours evaluated. The amount of soy product protein incorporated into a standard meal was negatively correlated with relative iron availability. The majority of meals containing soy products had lower estimated iron availabilities than meals that did not contain soy. PMID- 6809915 TI - Severe congenital hypoglossia and micrognathia with other multiple birth defects. AB - Severe congenital hypoglossia with the anterior two-thirds of the tongue missing is a rare finding. This case report describes an infant 14 months of age who manifests this tongue anomaly along with other congenital malformations including an underdeveloped mandible, partial anodontia, enamel hypoplasia, situs inversus, dextrocardia, and asplenia. Only one other case similar to this case has been reported in the literature. There is no report of any case of severe congenital hypoglossia with asplenia. The etiology of this birth defect is only speculative at this time, but the mother of our patient was exposed to radiation from routine chest films during her first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6809914 TI - Liposarcoma of the oral cavity. Clinical, tissue culture, and ultrastructure study of a case. AB - This report represents the histologic, tissue culture, and ultrastructural findings in a well-differentiated liposarcoma that originated in the buccal mucosa of a 42-year-old female. A variety of cell types were identified in the recurrent tumor with light and electron microscopy; namely, rounded mesenchymal cells, signet-ring cells, multivacuolated cells and bizarre giant cells. The giant cells possessed large, multilobed nuclei with large nucleoli. Mitochondria appeared in varied numbers and Golgi zones were highly organized. Cytoplasmic inclusions were variable in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. A morphologic variation among cells was also noted in the tissue culture media. The histogenesis of this unusual and sometimes difficult to interpret neoplasm of the oral cavity is discussed. PMID- 6809913 TI - Assessment of protein digestibility by in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis with simultaneous dialysis. AB - An in vitro digestion method to assess the quality of proteins based on enzymatic hydrolysis is presented. The method consists of a two-step proteolysis at 37 degrees, a 30-minute incubation of the protein with pepsin at pH 1.9, followed by pancreatin digestion at pH 8 for 24 hours in a dialysis bag with a 1000 molecular weight cutoff for the continuous elimination of the digested products into a replaceable buffer. Three types of buffer replacement were tried. These were, in increasing order of efficiency: intermittent with either six changes (infrequent buffer replacement) or eleven changes (frequent buffer replacement) or continuously circulated at the rate of 212 ml/hour (continuous buffer replacement). By using three protein sources, i.e., casein, soybean and rapeseed proteins, it was found that the degree of digestion (dialyzed N) as well as the regularity of the process were markedly improved by increasing the frequency of buffer replacement. In spite of different pepsin digestibilities, as determined from the production of trichloroacetic acid-soluble N, the digestion of the three proteins gave equivalent results when the best procedure of buffer replacement was used (continuous buffer replacement). The deleterious effect of heat and alkali treatment on protein digestion was readily shown by this procedure and indicated casein to be a very heat-sensitive protein as compared to the others. PMID- 6809916 TI - Correlative clinico-pathological evaluation of oral premalignancy. AB - In 1972, the World Health Organization's "Meeting of Investigators on the Histological Definitions in Precancerous Lesions" defined a precancerous lesion as a "morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than in its apparently normal counter part" (Pindborg 1980). There are two generally accepted precancerous lesions in the oral cavity, leukoplakia and erythroplakia (Pindborg 1980). Leukoplakia is currently defined as "a white patch or plaque that cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as any other disease" (WHO 1978). This definition has no histological connotation and is used in a strictly clinical sense (Pindborg 1980, Banoczy 1977). Erythroplakia is defined as a "bright red velvety plaque which cannot be characterized clinically or pathologically as being due to any other condition" (Pindborg 1980). PMID- 6809917 TI - Cellular effects of human leukocyte hydrolases. I. Human gingival fibroblasts. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine whether lysosomal enzymes had the ability to adversely affect the viability of human gingival fibroblasts. These studies were accomplished in vitro using lysosomal enzymes derived from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The results strongly indicated that under the conditions of these experiments, lysosomal enzymes were incapable of mediating cell destruction. In fact, the only measurable effect was to release the cells from their growth surface in a manner similar to other known proteases. Even this capability was not expressed in the presence of naturally occurring inhibitors which are widely distributed in many body fluids, such as serum and inflammatory exudates. These results suggest that PMN leukocyte granule enzymes may not contribute significantly as mediators of the cellular destruction observed in inflammatory diseases in general, and inflammatory periodontal disease in particular. PMID- 6809918 TI - Cellular effects of human leukocyte hydrolases. II. Ultrastructural studies on fibroblasts. AB - Morphologic ultrastructural changes induced in human gingival fibroblasts in vitro by treatment with human neutrophil granule enzymes were studied. Surface mucopolysaccharide of the fibroblasts was examined by ruthenium red staining. The only alteration that could be identified was the removal of surface mucopolysaccharide after treatment with granule enzymes, but not when soybean trypsin inhibitor was present. When the cells were released from their growth surface they assumed the characteristics of floating cells rather than spreading fibroblasts, but were otherwise unremarkable. PMID- 6809919 TI - A method for the study of undecalcified bones and teeth with attached soft tissues. The Sage-Schliff (sawing and grinding) technique. AB - A new sawing-grinding method is described for the histological evaluation of jaw bones with teeth or bones containing implants (ceramic or metallic). The undecalcified bone is embedded in acrylic resin and sawed at 100 to 150 micrometers. The slices are ground automatically by a special machine to a thickness of 5-10 micrometers. The usually employed staining procedures for hard plastic embedded-tissues may be used. Plaque, fillings, crowns, bridges, implants and soft tissues are preserved in situ. Macroscopic and microscopic detail of good quality is preserved for histological and morphometrical evaluation. PMID- 6809920 TI - Capping of the dental pulp mechanically exposed to the oral microflora -- a 5 week observation of wound healing in the monkey. AB - The healing capacity of mechanically exposed and bacterially contaminated dental pulps was assessed in monkeys after capping with 2 commercial Ca(OH)2 containing compounds. One hundred eighty teeth in 7 monkeys were employed, 45 as untreated controls and 135 as treated exposures. Class V buccal cavity preparations resulting in pulpal exposure were prepared, left open to the oral cavity for 0, 1, 24 h or 7 days and employed as controls, or debrided, capped, restored with amalgam and left undisturbed for 5 weeks as treated exposures. Zero and 1 h untreated exposures presented damage from the mechanical trauma only, whereas 24 h and 7 day pulp wounds exhibited pronounced infiltrations of polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. In addition, the 7 day exposures demonstrated several teeth with partial and total necrosis. Treated 0, 1 and 24 h exposures demonstrated wound healing, minimal pulp tissue inflammation, reorganization of soft tissue and formation of new hard tissue at the exposure site in 86 of 99 teeth. Treated 7 day exposures healed less frequently, showing signs of dentin bridging in 15 of 27 teeth. This study indicated that mechanically exposed and orally contaminated dental pulps in monkeys have a high capacity to resolve inflammation and initiate healing with new dentin formation at the exposure site when treated as described. PMID- 6809921 TI - EDTA enhancement of strontium uptake by intact human enamel. AB - The aim of this research was to study the effect of EDTA on the strontium uptake by intact tooth enamel. EDTA did not significantly affect the strontium uptake in an acid medium of pH 4.5. However, it caused a sharp rise in strontium uptake at pH 6.0. At such a pH, the stability constants of the Ca-EDTA complex are approaching a maximal value, and as a result of it a significant dissolution of the surface enamel, accompanied by a highly effective increase of the contact area for strontium uptake, is taking place. In all the experiments, treatment with strontium solution resulted in a decrease of the solubility and dissolution rate of enamel in an acidic environment. The resistance of enamel to acid attack was proportional to the quantity of absorbed strontium, reaching maximal values after treatment with strontium solutions in 10(-2) M EDTA at pH 6.0. PMID- 6809922 TI - Shock in the pediatric patient. Part II. Therapy. PMID- 6809923 TI - The effect of disease, drug, and diet on whole body protein metabolism in adolescents with Crohn disease and growth failure. AB - The effect of chronic inflammation, corticosteroid therapy, and nutritional supplementation on whole body protein metabolism and growth was determined in adolescent males with Crohn disease and growth failure. Body protein status was characterized in six patients and in five healthy, age-matched controls by nitrogen balance, whole body potassium (measured as 40K), urinary creatinine excretion, and [15N]glycine turnover studies. The patients subsequently received an intragastric nutritional supplement that increased dietary protein and energy intakes by 40% for seven months. Follow-up anthropometric measurements were obtained in both groups of adolescents. Our results demonstrated that lean body mass (40K) and muscle mass (creatinine) were significantly reduced in the patients compared to the controls, despite similar nitrogen balances between both groups. Whole body nitrogen flux, rates of protein synthesis and breakdown, and net protein retention were no different between those patients with chronic inflammation, while receiving corticosteroid therapy, and their controls. Long term nutritional supplementation significantly improved linear and ponderal growth velocities in the patients such that growth rates were commensurate with those of the healthy controls. We conclude that chronic inflammation and corticosteroid therapy are not associated with detectable alterations in protein metabolic processes at the whole body level. Rather, dietary insufficiency appears to be primarily responsible for growth failure in adolescents with Crohn disease. PMID- 6809924 TI - Pathologic features of the eye in trisomy 9. AB - A clinical and pathologic study of a neonate with mosaic trisomy 9 revealed findings similar to those in other cases with this chromosomal anomaly. Except for deeply-set eyes and small palpebral fissures with slight telecanthus, our ocular findings have not previously been described in mosaic trisomy 9. The most striking ocular pathologic alterations involved the anterior segment and included a keratolenticular adhesion and marked iris hypoplasia. There were similarities to Peters' anomaly as well as to ocular lesions associated with aplasia of th optic nerve and Lowe's and Potter's syndrome. The ocular and extraocular anomalies in our patient appear to have resulted from a mesodermal dysgenesis operational between one and five and a half months of gestation. PMID- 6809925 TI - Primary corrective operation without decompression in infants less thn three months of age with Hirschsprung's disease. AB - From Jan 1, 1965 to Nov 1, 1980, 155 infants with Hirschsprung's disease have been treated. All had confirmed aganglionosis at multiple rectal biopsies. From 1965 to 1969, 54 patients underwent a Swenson's procedure at an age ranging from 12 to 18 months after a preliminary colostomy. 13 patients died between colostomy and definitive operation. From 1969 to 1977, the delay in performing corrective operation after colostomy was shortened and the definitive procedure was done between 6 and 11 months of age in 69 patients. No fatality was observed but in 9 cases a perianal dermatitis lowered the quality of functional results. From 1977 to Nov 1, 1980, progress in immediate nursing and total parenteral nutrition made colostomy unnecessary in 19 neonates and infants with severe Hirschsprung's disease. The definitive surgical procedure (mainly Swenson's) was performed before 3 months of age. The postoperative results were excellent. After more than 4 years of follow-up for the first cases, the good secondary results, the quality o defecation, and the shortening of total hospital time, allow us to advocate this method in selected cases. PMID- 6809926 TI - Cutis laxa and hollow viscus diverticula. PMID- 6809927 TI - The metabolism of the isolated artificially perfused guinea pig placenta. I. Excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia, carbon dioxide and lactate, and the consumption of oxygen and glucose. AB - In the isolated, perfused guinea pig placenta glucose seems to be a major nutrient of energy metabolism, because the excreted amounts of carbon dioxide and lactate can be explained solely by the catabolism of glucose. In steady state experiments hydrogen ions, ammonia, lactate and carbon dioxide are excreted for at least 90 minutes in rather constant amounts. The production of lactate shows no significant dependence on the glucose concentration in the perfusion fluid. The guinea pig placenta seems to cover its energy requirement mainly by means of anaerobic glycolysis. Of the utilized glucose 76% are metabolized anaerobically. The placenta produces significant quantities of lactate, although it is well oxygenated. A reduction of the oxygen tension in the perfusion fluid does not result in an increase of the production of lactate. Of the hydrogen ions excreted nearly 50% are excreted as ammonia. Although the excreted amounts are small compared with the known transfer rates, they have to be taken into consideration, when studying transplacental transfers of these metabolites. PMID- 6809928 TI - The metabolism of the isolated artificially perfused guinea pig placenta. II. Difference of excretion of hydrogen ions, ammonia, carbon dioxide and lactate into maternal and fetal veins. AB - The isolated and artificially perfused guinea pig placenta produces hydrogen ions, ammonia, lactate and carbon dioxide, which are secreted in significant larger amounts into the maternal than into the fetal circulation. The excretion rates of hydrogen ions, lactate and carbon dioxide increase significantly on both sides when the perfusion flow rates are enhanced. If the maternal perfusion flow is reversed the amount of substances excreted at the maternal side is not different from the amount excreted at the fetal side. A reversal of the fetal perfusion flow does no influence the different excretion rates on the maternal and on the fetal side. This unequal distribution between maternal and fetal side can be explained by the anatomical structure of the placenta. In the interlobium, which has been described as area of metabolism, fetal capillaries are rare. Therefore the metabolites of the placenta itself arrive chiefly at the maternal circulation. PMID- 6809929 TI - Trans-stilbene oxide administration increased hepatic glucuronidation of morphine but decreased biliary excretion of morphine glucuronide in rats. AB - The effect of the inducing agent trans-stilbene oxide (TSO) on the metabolism and biliary excretion of [14C]morphine was studied in the isolated in situ perfused rat liver. After administration of morphine by intraportal injection or by the segmented retrograde intrabiliary injection technique, the TSO-treated group showed a marked decrease in the biliary recovery of morphine as its glucuronide conjugate [morphine-3-glucuronide (MG)]. However, recovery of MG in the venous outflow of the single pass perfusate was greatly increased. These findings suggested that TSO treatment enhanced the formation of MG from morphine and changed the primary route of hepatic elimination of MG. TSO treatment also decreased the excretion of morphine (as MG) in the bile of anesthetized renal ligated rats. This decreased biliary function required several days to develop and appeared closely associated with the inductive effect of TSO. After i.v. administration of [14C]MG itself, biliary recovery was also markedly decreased in TSO-treated rats. It is postulated that the effect of the TSO treatment led to either a decrease in canalicular transport of MG into bile or an increase in the efficiency of transfer of MG to the blood at the sinusoidal side of the hepatocyte. Regardless of the mechanism, the results indicate the need to study compartmentalization of drug transport and metabolism functions. PMID- 6809930 TI - Analysis of the 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced vagal stimulation of gastric secretion and gastrin release in dogs using methionine-enkephalin, morphine and naloxone. AB - Gastric acid and pepsin secreted in 3 hr and antral gastrin released in response to vagal excitation induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), 625 mumol/kg i.v., were studied in six conscious trained gastric fistula dogs. During a 2-hr infusion, Met-enkephalin (96 nmol/kg/hr; delta receptor) reduced the 2DG response by 50%; when the enkephalin was stopped there was a rapid rebound to peak values. Met enkephalin also blocked the release of gastrin in the first 15 min. By itself, Met-enkephalin did not stimulate secretion and slightly depressed gastrin. By contrast, morphine (96 nmol/kg/hr; mu receptor) augmented and sustained the 2DG gastric acid secretory response. This effect was blocked by naloxone. Morphine alone caused a small rise in serum gastrin after 90 min, followed by a delayed gastric acid secretion of about 30% of the peak 2DG response. Naloxone, a mu opiate antagonist (mu/delta, 27:1), also inhibited the 2DG gastric secretory response by about 50% and augmented the Met-enkephalin inhibition of secretion without blocking either the secretory rebound or the effect on gastrin release. None of the three opiates changed the direct cholinergic gastric secretory or gastrin-releasing effects of bethanechol. Thus, vagal stimulation of the stomach involves pathways which can be influenced by both mu and delta opiates, with apparently opposite effects, proximal to the level of acetylcholine action on the gastric mucosa. The central and peripheral control points in the activation of the stomach via the vagus which are sensitive to opiates have yet to be located and explained. PMID- 6809931 TI - Effects of nitroglycerin on transmural energy metabolism in the underperfused canine heart. AB - Effects of nitroglycerin on hemodynamics and transmural distribution of myocardial metabolites were studied at 40% of control coronary perfusion pressure induced by acute coronary stenosis in the canine heart. At 40% of coronary perfusion pressure, high energy phosphate (ATP, creatine phosphate) contents significantly diminished in all layers, especially in the inner layer. A 0.3 micrograms/kg/min intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin showed no direct effects on energy metabolism in the underperfused myocardium. A 3 micrograms/kg/min i.v. administration of the drug under fixed coronary constriction resulted in decrease in left ventricular peak systolic pressure and systemic blood pressure, and further decrease in coronary perfusion pressure and coronary blood flow. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure and ST-segment of the epicardial ECG were elevated. High-energy phosphate contents further decreased while inorganic phosphate and lactate showed an increase. Under these conditions, release of the constriction sufficient for retention of the coronary perfusion pressure at about 40 mm Hg resulted in significant improvement of the myocardial energy metabolism without a further increase in coronary blood flow. The results suggest that when the myocardium is underperfused due to undilatable stenotic vessels with maximum autoregulation of the regional flow, it may be dangerous to administer nitroglycerin in a dose sufficient to produce a large decrease in coronary perfusion pressure. PMID- 6809932 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in tissues of the neonatal rat: effects of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. AB - To evaluate the role of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and the polyamines in tissue growth and development, neonatal rats were given daily injections of alpha difluoromethylornithine, a specific, irreversible inhibitor of ODC. Enzyme activity in brain, heart and kidney was effectively inhibited, leading to prompt reductions in putrescine levels which were apparent throughout the 4-week period of drug treatment. Deficits in spermidine levels appeared within several days and remained significant in all three tissues, although some recovery toward control levels was apparent after 2 weeks postnatally. Spermine levels were not decreased and in some cases were actually increased during the course of alpha difluoromethylornithine administration; assessment of total organ content of spermine or total polyamines per organ (putrescine + spermidine + spermine) indicated that the tissues were still actively increasing their net polyamine content despite continued inhibition of ODC. Growth of the kidney and brain were affected within several days of commencing alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment, well before the onset of body weight or heart weight deficits. By 14 days of age and thereafter, animals displayed delayed eye-opening, deficient fur growth and shorter body length. These data suggest that the ODC/polyamine system does serve as a modulator of tissue growth during neonatal mammalian development and that differences exist among various tissues in the degree and time course of dependence of growth on polyamines, particularly putrescine and/or spermidine. PMID- 6809933 TI - Adrenergic mechanisms and chemoreception in the carotid body of the cat and rabbit. AB - 1. The effect of beta-adrenergic and dopaminergic agonists and antagonists on the chemoreceptor response to graded hypoxia and hypercapnia was tested in nineteen cats and ten rabbits anaesthetized either with chloralose-urethane or pentobarbitone sodium, paralysed with pancuronium bromide and artificially ventilated.2. The inhibitory action of dopamine was confirmed. The inhibition following intra-arterial bolus injection was blocked by haloperidol; dopamine then excited and this excitation was blocked with propranolol. Adrenaline or noradrenaline caused a transient inhibition followed by a marked excitation. The inhibition was blocked with haloperidol and the excitation blocked with propranolol or metoprolol. Isoprenaline excited without inhibition and this was blocked with propranolol or metoprolol.3. A novel finding was that the chemoreceptor response to hypoxia was markedly reduced or even abolished with propranolol or metoprolol. The response was enhanced with a constant infusion of isoprenaline, adrenaline or noradrenaline in proportion to the degree of hypoxia, an effect mimicked by raising CO(2). The chemoreceptor response to hypoxia was similarly enhanced by haloperidol and depressed by a constant infusion of dopamine in proportion to the degree of hypoxia.4. The effect of these drugs on the chemoreceptor response to hypercapnia was less constant. In the majority of tests the aminergic agonists and antagonists caused a parallel shift of the CO(2) response curves in the same direction as the O(2) response curves and by amounts proportional to the degree of hypoxia. In some tests these drugs caused a change in the slope of the CO(2) response curves but only if P(a, O2) was less than 60 mmHg.5. One interpretation of these results is that hypoxia exerts a presynaptic action, causing the release of noradrenaline and dopamine from Type I cells, and that these substances act upon aminergic receptors on the sensory fibre, causing a change in potential and discharge frequency proportional to the rates of dopamine and noradrenaline release.6. An additional or alternative interpretation is that O(2) and CO(2) (the latter most probably acting on intracellular pH) alter the sensitivity of the aminergic receptors to their agonists. PMID- 6809934 TI - The reflex respiratory effects on cats of breathing through a tube. AB - 1. In anaesthetized cats, breathing air through an external dead space (a tube, 20-40 ml.) stimulated ventilation in excess of that expected from the end-tidal gases. 2. The stimulatory effect remained after bilateral vagotomy. 3. The stimulatory effect was reduced or abolished after bilateral section of the carotid sinus nerves. 4. The stimulatory effect was abolished by bilateral section of both the vagi and the sinus nerves. 5. Recording from chemoreceptor afferents in the sinus nerve showed that, although the tube increased mean discharge frequency, this increase was insufficient to account for the stimulation of ventilation observed. 6. Some feature of chemoreceptor discharge other than its mean level, possibly related to its wave form, may explain the effect. PMID- 6809935 TI - Effects of the oestrous cycle on the metabolism of arachidonic acid in rat isolated lung. AB - 1. The metabolism of exogenous arachidonic acid perfused through the pulmonary circulation was investigated in lungs taken from rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle. 2. Following perfusion with [14C]arachidonic acid there was more radioactivity associated with cyclo-oxygenase products in general at pro-oestrus than at any other stage of the cycle. 3. Production of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha and hence of prostacyclin (PGI2) was also highest at pro-oestrus. 4. Production of thromboxane B2 was highest at pro-oestrus although it was never greater than PGI2 production at any stage. 5. Radioactivity retained in lung tissue was mostly present in phospholipid and free fatty acid fractions with the distribution at pro-oestrus being different from the other stages. 6. Following perfusion with [14C]oleic acid (which is not a substrate for cyclooxygenase), variations in the distribution of label in radioactivity in lung were also observed. However, these were not related to the stages of the oestrous cycle in the same way as those associated with arachidonic acid. 7. We conclude that both pathways of arachidonic acid metabolism in lung--oxidation via cyclo-oxygenase and incorporation into phospholipid - are affected by the progress of the oestrous cycle. 8. Altered arachidonate metabolism appeared to be associated chiefly with pro-oestrus and may be linked to those hormones involved in this stage of the oestrous cycle. PMID- 6809936 TI - Effects of hypercapnia on tracheal pressure, diaphragm and intercostal electromyograms in unanaesthetized fetal lambs. AB - 1. The electromyographic (e.m.g.) activity of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles has been recorded during breathing movements of unanaesthetized lambs in utero (109-135 days), and compared with the changes of tracheal pressure.2. The diaphragm e.m.g. was irregular in size, shape and timing, with a variable rate of rise during inspiration, often with a flattening of integrated activity before the end of a breath and with little or no post-inspiratory activity.3. The diaphragm e.m.g. gave the most reliable measurements of breath interval and incidence: in eucapnia mean T(I) was 0.45+/-0.02 (S.E. of mean) and T(E) was 0.74+/-0.05 sec, and 58-100% of the diaphragm bursts were associated with identifiable and appropriate changes of tracheal pressure.4. During fetal hypercapnia, produced by increasing the maternal inspired CO(2) in a single change or series of step changes, tracheal pressure amplitude and its rate of change during inspiration increased progressively over the P(a, CO2) range of 37 87 mmHg.5. In eucapnia the area, amplitude and inspiratory slope of the integrated diaphragm e.m.g. were not always correlated with tracheal pressure amplitude, and in hypercapnia they increased only in the lower part of the P(a, CO2) range. Inspiratory intercostal activity increased progressively as the P(a, CO2) was raised.6. The frequency histograms of variables derived from the tracheal pressure, diaphragm and intercostal e.m.g.s were skewed to the left in eucapnia but became normalized during hypercapnia. The rate and depth of breathing became regular.7. The response to mild asphyxia was a combination of the responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia.8. The interpretation of the tracheal pressure and diaphragm e.m.g. as measures of the ;depth' of breathing and respiratory ;drive' in the fetal lamb is discussed. PMID- 6809938 TI - Analysis of plume emissions after papovavirus irradiation with the carbon dioxide laser. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate potential inhalation hazards to operating room personnel after irradiation of tumors with the carbon dioxide laser. Cellular debris was analyzed for viability using labeled nucleotides and labeled glucose. In this way the plume was investigated for the presence of material with oncogenic potential. Most surgeons who have ablated venereal warts or certain tumors with the carbon dioxide laser have worried about possible hazards of inhaling the vapor that is produced as a result of their work. We utilized three methods to determine whether viable particles exist in the laser plume. Fortunately, it is most comforting that the metabolic studies, DNA and RNA studies and cytologic studies seem to indicate that the plume is biologically inactive. PMID- 6809937 TI - Short-lived denervation of brown adipose tissue of the rat induced by chemical sympathetic denervation. PMID- 6809939 TI - Effect of mitogenic and high, nonmitogenic concentrations of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A on the number of human lymphocytes in culture. AB - A number of different investigators have observed a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes in culture within 24 to 48 hr after the addition of mitogenic concentrations of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). In order to investigate the mechanism of this apparent decrease in cell number, we compared the number of cells in culture, determined by the pronase-cetrimide technique, to the amount of cell DNA and cell protein. Although cell number appeared to decrease following the addition of PHA or Con A in a dose-related fashion, cell DNA and cell protein did not change. When lymphocytes that were incubated with Con A were treated with alpha-methyl-D-mannoside prior to counting, a decrease in cell number or viability was not observed and there was close agreement between the number of cells and amount of cell DNA in culture. We conclude that the number of lymphocytes in culture does not decrease during the first 24 hr after the addition of mitogenic concentrations of PHA and Con A, and that previous reports to this effect may be accounted for by problems associated with counting lymphocytes that are agglutinated by mitogens. PMID- 6809940 TI - Pathogenesis of mouse scrapie: patterns of agent replication in different parts of the CNS following intraperitoneal infection. AB - The dynamics of agent replication were studied at 8 levels of spinal cord and in 9 areas of brain of mice infected intraperitoneally with the 139A strain of scrapie agent. Replication in the CNS was first detectable at 2 levels of spinal cord between thoracic vertebrae 4 and 9. The onset of replication was progressively delayed by up to 4 weeks at increasingly lower levels of spinal cord. A similar trend was seen at higher levels of spinal cord and in brain. In brain, agent replication occurred first in medulla, then in the pons and midbrain, thalamus and hypothalamus and, finally, striatum, septum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex. These results are highly suggestive of spread of infection from peripheral sites of agent replication along autonomic fibres to midthoracic cord, followed by an ascending and descending spread of agent at an apparent rate of 0.5 to 1.0 mm/day until the whole CNS is infected. However, experiments involving sympathectomy gave inconclusive results and the evidence for neural spread of scrapie in the peripheral nervous system is circumstantial. PMID- 6809941 TI - Comparison of the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase by 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines: quantitative structure-activity relationships, X-ray crystallography, and computer graphics in structure-activity analysis. AB - The inhibition constants (Kiapp) obtained from the action of 44 2,4-diamino-5 (substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei bacteria are used to derive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). These equations bring out a number of differences in the DHFR which can be understood at the atomic level by studying color stereo computer graphics models constructed from the X-ray coordinates of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes. The combination of QSAR and X-ray crystallography interpreted via high-performance computer graphics offers a new level of sophistication to extend our understanding of enzyme-ligand interactions, which, when the crystallography is known, opens up a more scientific approach to drug development. PMID- 6809942 TI - Synthesis of analogues of the carboxyl protease inhibitor pepstatin. Effect of structure in subsite P3 on inhibition of pepsin. AB - A series of pepstatin analogues having minimum structural requirements for tight binding inhibition has been synthesized and tested on porcine pepsin. Subtle changes in the geometry and size of side chains at the valine-1 position of pepstatin were found to dramatically affect inhibitor potency as well a the type of kinetic behavior observed. The inhibitors reported here can be grouped into two categories: the more potent inhibitors are slow-binding inhibitors, i.e., exhibit slow, time-dependent inhibition: the weaker inhibitors, with Ki values greater than 10(-8) M, are not time-dependent inhibitors. A minimum kinetic mechanism is proposed to account for the observed kinetic behavior. PMID- 6809945 TI - An adult female with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda. PMID- 6809944 TI - Two first cousins with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda (X linked recessive form), one also with poikiloderma atrophicans vasculare progressing to lymphocytic lymphoma. PMID- 6809943 TI - N,N'-Dialkyl-1,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines and N,N-dialkyl-4,5-bis(4 hydroxyphenyl)imidazolidines: syntheses and evaluation of their mammary tumor inhibiting activity. AB - Diastereomeric N,N'-dialkyl-1,2-bis(hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines (5) were synthesized and tested for their affinity for the estradiol receptor. Only the (+/-)-1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylenediamines with the alkyl groups C3H7 [(+/-) 5c, Ka = 1.1 x 19(6))], C4H9 [(+/-)-5e,Ka = 3.6 x 10(6)], and C5H11 [(+/-)-5h, Ka = 2.2 x 10(6)] showed a marked affinity, which is mainly due to the (+) enantiomers [e.g., (+)-5e, Ka = 2.1 x 10(7)]. No enhancement of affinity by cyclization to imidazolidines [e.g., (+/-)-trans-7a, Ka = 1.2 x 10(7)] was observed. These compounds [e.g., (+/-)-, (+)-, and (-)-5e], which did not produce any uterine response in the mouse, were able to inhibit weakly the growth of the DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma of the rat. The inhibitory effect of (+/-)-5e against MCF-7 cells, which can be overcome by hexestrol, makes a direct antiestrogenic mode of action probable, since general cytotoxic effects and a central action could be ruled out. PMID- 6809947 TI - The significance of changes in thermodynamic affinity induced by aldosterone in sodium-transporting epithelia. AB - The energetics of sodium transport were examined in toad (and occasionally frog) skin, with particular emphasis on the effect of aldosterone. Thermodynamic affinity was computed according to Essig and Caplan. Following treatment with antidiuretic hormone or drugs believed to affect only the apical membrane barrier, no change in thermodynamic affinity was observed either acutely (after one to two hours) or chronically (after 18-odd hours hours). By contrast, following treatment with aldosterone overnight, thermodynamic affinity was considerably increased, whether or not incubation was conducted in the presence of sodium in the outer solution; addition of glucose at the end of incubation, whereby sodium transport was stimulated further, failed to influence affinity as measured. The stoichiometry between sodium transport and oxygen consumption was, however, unchanged by aldosterone treatment in short-circuit conditions, neither was that fraction of aerobic metabolism unrelated to sodium transport influenced. It is concluded that the change observed with aldosterone can be directly ascribed to the hormone, as it is independent of glucose availability and of sodium transport. Aldosterone action, at least following prolonged incubation, therefore does not involve only an increase in apical conductance for sodium. PMID- 6809948 TI - Computer simulation and interpretation of 45Ca efflux profile patterns. AB - Stimulations or inhibitions by various agents of 45Ca efflux from prelabeled cells or tissues display distinct and reproducible profile patterns when the results are plotted against time as fractional efflux ratios (FER). FER is the fractional efflux of 45Ca from stimulated cells divided by the fractional efflux from a control unstimulated group. These profile patterns fall into three categories: peak patterns, exponential patterns, and mixed patterns. Each category can be positive (stimulation) or negative (inhibition). The interpretation of these profiles is difficult because 45Ca efflux depends on three variables: the rate of calcium transport out of the cell, the specific activity of the cell compartment from which the calcium originates, and the concentration of free calcium in this compartment. A computer model based on data obtained by kinetic analyses of 45Ca desaturation curves and consisting of two distinct intracellular pools was designed to follow the concentration of the traced substance (40Ca), the tracer (45Ca), and the specific activity of each compartment before, during, and after the stimulation or the inhibition of calcium fluxes at various pool boundaries. The computer model can reproduce all the FER profiles obtained experimentally and bring information which may be helpful to the interpretation of this type of data. Some predictions of the model were tested experimentally, and the results support the views that a peak pattern may reflect a sustained change in calcium transport across the plasma membrane, that an exponential pattern arises from calcium mobilization from an internal subcellular pool, and that a mixed pattern may be caused by a simultaneous change in calcium fluxes at both compartment boundaries. PMID- 6809946 TI - Hormonal effects on fatty acid binding and physical properties of rat liver plasma membranes. PMID- 6809950 TI - A slowly progressive degenerative condition characterized by mental deficiency, wasting of limb musculature and bone abnormalities, including ossification of the pinnae. AB - A condition is described in a 33-year-old Caucasian male in which there is severe mental deficiency present from an early age. There is non-progressive hydrocephaly and the eye findings include posterior polar cataracts. There is slowly progressive muscle wasting of the limbs along with degenerative bone changes. Ossification has occurred in the pinnae. Secondary sexual characteristics are underdeveloped and there is a low normal serum testosterone. The parents are not related and there is no similar occurrence in the family. Biochemical investigations do not show any abnormality, and the chromosome picture is that of a normal male karyotype. The case appears to be unique. PMID- 6809952 TI - Control of transcription by the bacteriophage P22 repressor. PMID- 6809953 TI - Crystallization of exotoxin A from pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6809949 TI - Calcium-dependence of catecholamine release from bovine adrenal medullary cells after exposure to intense electric fields. PMID- 6809951 TI - A strategy for glycine encephalopathy therapy. AB - An inherited defect in the glycine cleavage enzyme results in the condition of neonatal glycine encephalopathy which has not responded to the current innovative methods of therapy. A re-examination of the enzyme structure and metabolic pathways, leads us to recommend future clinical evaluation of (1) vitamin responsiveness, e.g., pyridoxine, folate and lipoic acid, (2) methionine, (3) N5, N10-methylene tetrahydrofolate and (4) alpha-methylserine therapy during the critical period of neonatal brain growth and development. PMID- 6809954 TI - Effects of regional ischemia on metabolic function in adjacent aerobic myocardium. PMID- 6809955 TI - Urinary excretion of sulfur amino acids and sulfur metabolites in burned patients receiving parenteral nutrition. AB - The urinary excretion of sulfur-containing compounds was studied in 11 burned patients during the first 10 days after injury. They were all given carbohydrate and fat by parenteral nutrition. Two patients also received large amounts of amino acids including methionine, whereas five patients were given amino acids including moderate amounts of methionine and cysteine. A sustained high excretion of mercaptolactate occurred in most patients. The excretion was not influenced by the type of parenteral nutrition, but related to the area of burned skin. A normal excretion of methionine, cyst(e)ine, inorganic sulfate, taurine, mercaptoacetate, thiosulfate, and thiocyanate was found at the end of the observation period in patients without amino acid therapy. Increased amounts of inorganic sulfate and methionine were excreted in patients receiving high doses of methionine, whereas an increased cyst(e)ine and taurine excretion was the most prominent finding in patients receiving moderate amounts of methionine and cysteine. These results indicate that burned patients have an unimpaired ability to metabolize sulfur amino acids. Patients not receiving amino acids or receiving moderate amounts of cysteine and methionine showed a negative sulfur balance, whereas patients given high doses of methionine maintained sulfur balance at near zero levels. However, since signs of hepatic dysfunction appeared in the latter group, parenteral nutrition with amino acid mixtures containing high amounts of methionine is not recommended during the catabolic phase for burned patients. PMID- 6809956 TI - Studies with aphidicolin on the Fv-1 host restriction of Friend murine leukemia virus. AB - The murine gene Fv-1 exerts a major control over the replication of Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV). An effect of the gene product has been determined to be at the level of accumulation and integration of viral DNA. Aphidicolin, an inhibitor of eucaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, was studied in murine cells infected either permissively or nonpermissively with regard to the Fv-1 genotype. Results indicated that inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha did not affect the accumulation of form III viral DNA in either permissive or nonpermissive cells. However, the normal accumulation of circular form I DNA in permissive cells was inhibited. The block in the accumulation of form I DNA resembled that occurring in some F-MuLV Fv-1-nonpermissive infections. Additionally, aphidicolin treatment resulted in the accumulation of novel low-molecular-weight viral DNA species, normally detectable in a nonpermissive infection of NIH cells with B-tropic F MuLV. These data suggest that the Fv-1 gene product may interact with host DNA polymerase alpha to prevent viral replication. PMID- 6809957 TI - Protein kinase and specific phosphate acceptor proteins associated with tupaia herpesvirus. AB - A protein kinase activity was found to be associated with tree shrew (tupaia) herpesvirus. The protein kinase was characterized with respect to its requirements for enzymatic activity. A divalent cation such as Mg2+ or Mn2+ was necessary as well as ATP as the phosphate donor. Distinct tupaia herpesvirus polypeptides (molecular weights of 100,000 [100K], 82K, and 53K) were found to be phosphate acceptor proteins when 5 mM Mg2+ was used. At a higher Mg2+ concentration (20 mM), additional viral proteins (220K, 71K, 31K, and 20K) were phosphorylated. The viral phosphoproteins were analyzed by chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses. The predominant sites of phosphorylation were the beta-OH groups of the serine and threonine residues of these tupaia herpesvirus proteins. Kinase activity was not stimulated by cyclic nucleoside monophosphates. Endogenously added proteins did not enhance protein kinase activity. Protein kinase activity was inhibited by 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine. PMID- 6809958 TI - Resistance of adenoviral DNA replication to aphidicolin is dependent on the 72 kilodalton DNA-binding protein. AB - Aphidicolin is a highly specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase alpha and has been most useful for assessing the role of this enzyme in various replication processes (J. A. Huberman, Cell 23:647-648, 1981). Both nuclear DNA replication and simian virus 40 DNA replication are highly sensitive to this drug (Krokan et al., Biochemistry 18:4431-4443, 1979), whereas mitochondrial DNA synthesis is completely insensitive (Zimmerman et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255:11847-11852, 1980). Adenovirus DNA replication is sensitive to aphidicolin, but only at much higher concentrations. These patterns of sensitivity are seen both in vivo and in vitro (Krokan et al., Biochemistry 18:4431-4443, 1979). A temperature-sensitive mutant of adenovirus type 5 known as H5ts125 is able to complete but not initiate new rounds of replication at nonpermissive temperatures (P. C. van der Vliet and J. S. Sussenbach, Virology 67:415-426, 1975). When cells infected with H5ts125 were shifted from permissive (33 degrees C) to nonpermissive (41 degrees C) conditions, the residual DNA synthesis (elongation) showed a striking increase in sensitivity to aphidicolin. The temperature-sensitive mutation of H5ts125 is in the gene for the 72-kilodalton single-stranded DNA-binding protein. This demonstrated that the increased resistance to aphidicolin shown by adenovirus DNA replication was dependent on that protein. It also supports an elongation role for both DNA polymerase alpha and the 72-kilodalton single-stranded DNA-binding protein in adenovirus DNA replication. Further support for an elongation role of DNA polymerase alpha came from experiments with permissive temperature conditions and inhibiting levels of aphidicolin in which it was shown that newly initiated strands failed to elongate to completion. PMID- 6809959 TI - Lectins as a probe for carbohydrate residues in non-neoplastic urothelium of human urinary bladder. PMID- 6809960 TI - Experience with bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. AB - A randomized study was done on 49 patients with a history of recurrent superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to determine if the frequency of tumor recurrence could be lessened. The patients were treated with 6 weekly instillations of Tice strain bacillus Calmette-Guerin or thio-tepa, followed by instillations every 2 weeks for 3 months and every month until a recurrence developed or the patients had been treated for 2 years. Twelve additional patients who had previously failed on thio-tepa were placed on the bacillus Calmette-Guerin protocol. There have been no recurrences in the bacillus Calmette-Guerin group, while 9 patients (40 per cent) in the thio-tepa group suffered recurrences. All of the patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin had symptoms of bladder irritability after each instillation. The same type of irritability occurred in 7 patients (25 per cent) in the thio-tepa group. Severe complications occurred in 11 patients treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (28 per cent), 4 of whom required hospitalization. Another 12 patients with visible transitional cell carcinoma were treated with weekly instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Of these patients 6 had total resolution after 18 weekly instillations and 2 had no detectable tumor after 24 weeks of therapy. Two patients were free of tumor after 6 instillations. Of 7 patients with carcinoma in situ treated with weekly instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin 5 had complete resolution of the cellular atypia after 18 weeks of therapy. These studies confirm and extend those of others by demonstrating that bladder instillations of bacillus Calmette-Guerin are effective in reducing the recurrence rate in patients with superficial bladder tumor and can eliminate existing tumor in some patients. Symptoms of bladder irritability occur to a varying extent in every patient, and severe systemic toxicity occurred in 28 per cent of the patients. PMID- 6809962 TI - Anterior urethral diverticulum associated with posterior urethral valves. PMID- 6809961 TI - Human chorionic gonadotropin in the treatment of the infertile man. AB - We have treated 128 men with proved infertility with human chorionic gonadotropin. Excellent results were obtained in the patients who underwent varicocelectomy but who did not respond to the operation. Good results were obtained in the idiopathic oligospermic men, that is with sperm density less than 20 million. Indeterminate results were obtained in patients with sperm values more than 20 million. However, therapy was deemed inappropriate in those patients who either had elevation of follicle-stimulating hormone, an untreated varicocele or biopsy findings of hyalinization, or atrophy, which would preclude success of therapy. PMID- 6809963 TI - Scanning electron microscopy study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vivo adherence to rat bladder epithelium. AB - A scanning electron microscopy study was performed to investigate the early phase of in vivo Pseudomonas aeruginosa interaction with rat bladder epithelium. Rapid and heavy adherence was observed when a non-piliated strain of P. aeruginosa was used, but only after brief pretreatment of the urinary bladder with 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. No alteration in the surface morphology was detected in acid treated bladders. Adherence was uniform throughout the bladder with no evidence of trapping of bacteria in the epithelial folds or crypts. Although numerous organisms associated with the epithelial cells appeared to be attached by fibrin like strands, most adherent bacteria lacked this anchoring mechanism, suggesting more than 1 mechanism of P. aeruginosa adherence to uroepithelial cells. PMID- 6809964 TI - Another reason to combat infections in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6809965 TI - Long-term amikacin use. Effects on aminoglycoside susceptibility patterns of gram negative bacilli. AB - Amikacin sulfate was first used sparingly at our cancer center in 1976; since 1979, it has been the only aminoglycoside used for systemic cancer therapy for patients with granulocytopenia. As the development of resistance has been correlated with antibiotic use over time, we wished to determine if prolonged use of amikacin in our patients had led to increased amikacin resistance. A total of 1,129 strains were recovered from 315 patients during a 13-month period. Each species isolated per patient was considered once. Seven percent of the patients had amikacin-resistant strains (2.7% of isolates), and 10% of patients had gentamicin-resistant strains (4% of isolates). Amikacin resistance was significantly less than in an earlier study. Unrestricted use of amikacin has not led to a concomitant increase in amikacin resistance in gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6809966 TI - Severe von Willebrand's disease during labor and delivery. AB - In pregnant women with severe von Willebrand's disease, the prepartum period should include monitoring for a rise in factor VIII-related activities (factor VIII coagulant activity [factor VIII:C], factor VIII-related antigen [VIII R:Ag], and factor VIII ristocetin cofactor [factor VIII R:Cof]). Two women whose pregnancies were so monitored were delivered of normal infants: one by cesarean section and one by vaginal delivery. The failure of factor VIII:Ag or factor VIII R:Cof to rise above the level of 50% at term in the woman who delivered vaginally predicted hemostatic difficulty during the postpartum period. She was, therefore, treated with cryoprecipitate. In the woman who gave birth by cesarean section, although all factor VIII-related activities rose into the normal range, the additional surgical trauma anticipated in cesarean section prompted the use of cryoprecipitate as well. PMID- 6809968 TI - Neisseria meningitides serogroup W 135 disease. PMID- 6809967 TI - Osteomyelitis of the pubis. Report of seven cases. AB - Seven cases of osteomyelitis of the pubis are reported. Predisposing factors leading to osteomyelitis included parenteral drug abuse in six patients and pelvic surgery in one patient. The average duration of symptoms before diagnosis was three weeks. Needle aspiration of the symphysis pubis was performed in five patients, and culture results were positive in three of them. Two patients with negative cultures of needle aspirates had positive cultures from open biopsy specimens of the symphysis pubis. Blood cultures were done in all patients, and results were positive in two of them. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the responsible pathogen in five patients, Escherichia coli in one, and Staphylococcus aureus in one. Most patients required several weeks of antibiotic therapy. None required surgical debridement. PMID- 6809971 TI - 'Elephant Man' had more than neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6809972 TI - Still 'Dark Ages' for neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6809973 TI - Presidential address. Specialized nutrition support: the standard of care. PMID- 6809970 TI - Vaginal spermicides and gonorrhea. AB - All positive cultures for neisseria gonorrhoeae recorded from Dec 20, 1978, through Dec 31, 1980, for women born between 1940 and 1960 were identified among members of Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Seattle, and rates of gonorrhea were calculated for recent oral contraceptive users, recent vaginal spermicide users, and women with surgical sterilization. The risk ratio (RR) estimate, based on the included population, for spermicide users compared with all others was 0.23 (90% confidence interval [Cl], 0.10, 0.50). When women with positive cultures for N gonorrhoeae were compared with women with negative cultures, the RR estimate comparing spermicide users with all others was 0.13 (90% Cl, 0.05, 0.34). The results are consistent with the protective effect of vaginal spermicides against gonorrhea. PMID- 6809975 TI - Changes in red cell membrane fatty acids in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition supplemented with a safflower oil emulsion. AB - Previous studies in patients suffering from essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) have shown erythrocyte membrane fatty acids to change in parallel with those seen in plasma. A study was conducted to determine if this same relationship existed in patients that were not diagnosed as having EFAD. Three subjects maintained on parenteral nutrition were given 500 milliliters of a safflower oil emulsion twice weekly for 14 days. Plasma and red blood cell membrane fatty acids were determined before and after the study period. The red blood cell membrane fatty acids did not appear to follow the changes seen in the plasma. Changes that did occur in the erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition were inconsistent between patients. The incorporation of plasma fatty acids into erythrocyte membranes may occur at a different rate for patients with EFAD compared to those without EFAD due to an increased red blood cell turnover associated with EFAD. PMID- 6809974 TI - Continuous elemental enteral alimentation in the treatment of children and adolescents with Crohn's disease. AB - Ten pediatric patients, aged 8.5-19 years, with active symptomatic Crohn's disease, received a three-week period of continuous elemental enteral alimentation with no other form of treatment. All patients in this study were selected according to the following criteria, which were applied consecutively: (1) newly diagnosed patients with no previous treatment for Crohn's disease, (2) disease activity index over 200, and (3) no complication requiring surgery. All patients experienced a clinical remission and improved their immunologic and nutritional status during the elemental enteral alimentation. The mean disease activity index for the whole group was 307.0 +/- 23.6 (range: 203 to 413) before and 69.2 +/- 11.4 (range: 15 to 114) after the feeding period. Significant increases in body weight, triceps skinfold, mid-arm circumference, serum transferrin and mean percentage of T lymphocytes were also observed. Following cessation of enteral alimentation, a small declining dose of prednisone was used during a one-year follow-up period. Eight of the ten patients were still in clinical remission three months after the feeding period and their nutritional status had continued to improve during that period of time. PMID- 6809969 TI - Nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections. AB - Two separate outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections (UTIs) were associated with cystoscopy or transurethral prostate resection. The first outbreak was identified after routine bacteremia surveillance demonstrated four cases of P aeruginosa septicemia in a three-month period. A six-month retrospective review of the microbiology records identified 14 cases of P aeruginosa UTI associated with urologic surgery instrumentation. The outbreak terminated after the implementation of two major control measures: (1) replacement of hexachlorophene solution with an iodophor solution for preparing patients and cleaning instruments before disinfection, and (2) weekly gas sterilization of cystoscopy instruments. The second outbreak, consisting of 11 cases of P aeruginosa UTI after transurethral resection of the prostate gland, occurred in a 187-bed community hospital. All available patient isolates were serotype 011, and culture of a rubber adaptor attached to the resectoscope also yielded growth of that serotype. The outbreak promptly terminated when the rubber adaptor was sterilized between cases. PMID- 6809976 TI - Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of amino acids during total parenteral nutrition after abdominal surgery. PMID- 6809982 TI - Vitamin regimens in PN. PMID- 6809979 TI - Prealbumin: a parameter of visceral protein levels during albumin infusion. PMID- 6809980 TI - Bacterial safety of reconstituted continuous drip tube feeding. AB - Chemically defined diets require reconstitution and transfer to a delivery system. When reconstituted High Vivonex was noted in our Medical Center to be bacteriologically contaminated, we instituted a series of control procedures. We then reevaluated bacterial growth in reconstituted High Nitrogen Vivonex and diluted Isocal under ward conditions. The mixtures were prepared with sterile water versus tap water, using a hand washed blender versus a machine washed blender. We also investigated the bacteriological effect of blast freezing reconstituted High Nitrogen Vivonex. All preparations of the nonfrozen High Nitrogen Vivonex showed occasional low level contamination, although quantitative cultures did not show logarithmic growth over eight hours of observation. No growth occurred in the blast frozen High Nitrogen Vivonex or in the Isocal. We conclude that reconstituted High Nitrogen Vivonex and diluted Isocal may be prepared and hung safely for eight hours, and that blast freezing of High Nitrogen Vivonex is bacteriologically safe. As a result of our initial findings of bacteriologic contamination, we believe a program for bacterial monitoring of the tube feeding is desirable. PMID- 6809978 TI - Studies on the efficacy of a new 20% fat emulsion in pediatric parenteral nutrition. AB - A new 20% safflower oil emulsion was studied in a small series of pediatric patients. Eight infants and children were evaluated over a 2-week period. The 20% fat emulsion supplied a major portion of daily caloric requirements. No serious side effects or toxicity were noted. No major changes in blood chemistries were observed; however, a statistically significant increase in serum albumin was noted. In addition, 63% of the patients gained weight during the study. This investigation supports the contention that 20% Liposyn is a safe and effective component of a parenteral nutrition program for children. PMID- 6809977 TI - Rapid determination of cold insoluble globulin by laser nephelometry. Application in patients receiving preoperative total parenteral nutrition. AB - A simple and rapid method for determining plasma fibronectin or cold insoluble globulin (CIG) based on immunochemical precipitation and laser nephelometry is described. The coefficient of variation within the series was 4.2% and between the series 9.1%. The mean value for 37 control subjects was 100.1% +/- 20.6 (SD). Nineteen patients with gastrointestinal carcinoma or Crohn's disease were investigated on admission. The mean value of their plasma CIG was 104.7 +/- 26.9 (SD), which was not statistically different from the control subjects. Twelve of the patients received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) during the two preoperative weeks. The concentration of CIG was significantly increased after one and two weeks of TPN compared to the initial value. Six out of seven patients that postoperatively showed signs of infection had CIG values below 90% on admission. Of several other plasma proteins determined on admission, only a statistically significantly negative relationship to transferrin was found. CIG did not significantly relate either to the acute phase reactants, haptoglobin and orosomucoid, or to visceral proteins albumin, choline esterase or prealbumin. PMID- 6809984 TI - [Effects of trimethaphan, nitroprusside and nitroglycerin on organ (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809985 TI - [Superimposition of a high-frequency jet oscillation on the conventional mechanical ventilation--effects on the pulmonary gas exchange during a high PEEP- (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809981 TI - Intravenous hyperalimentation and chemotherapy: an update. PMID- 6809983 TI - [Determination of oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809986 TI - [Some immunochemical analyses of two molecular forms of IgM paraproteins in serum and a lambda type Bence Jones protein in urine found in a single patient of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809987 TI - [Tests for urine acidification function]. PMID- 6809989 TI - [Experience of rapid high dose irradiation for superior vena caval syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809988 TI - [Comparative studies in detection methods of HBe-Ag, -Ab by MO and RIA and its clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809990 TI - [Differentiation of B-cell in peripheral blood and skin tumor of IgG kappa type myeloma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809991 TI - [A case of gastrojejunocolic fistula improved by elemental diet (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809995 TI - Mathematical formulation of CO2 dissociation curve and buffer line of human blood at rest. AB - The CO2 content and pH of tonometered blood were measured in nine healthy subjects. The CO2 content in the whole blood (Cb) was found to be expressed by an exponential function of PCO2 including only one parameter (B) as follows: Cb = 1.15 . B-2.548 . PBCO2. The B value was specific to the sampled blood and ranged from 0.4 to 0.45 in the deoxygenated and from 0.45 to 0.52 in the oxygenated blood. The relationship between pH and log PCO2 was also expressed by using one characteristic parameter (D) as follows: for the deoxygenated blood, log PCO2 = 2.144-D . (pH-7.045), and for the oxygenated blood, log PCO2 = 2.037-D . (pH 7.085). The D values were in a range of 1.38 to 1.58. The linear relation between log [HCO3-] and pH was also expressed by using only one parameter. Next, between Cb and [HCO3-] obtained at the same PCO2 of 40 mmHg, a high correlation was observed: the regression line was given, independently of O2 saturation, by Cb40 = 1.942 . [HCO3-]40-3.193, where [HCO3-] was expressed in mM. Using the above equations, it was possible to evaluate the approximate B and D values from a pair of pH and PCO2 measurements and subsequently to depict the CO2 dissociation curve as well as the buffer line in the true plasma. PMID- 6809992 TI - [Changes of 67Ga-citrate accumulation in the rat liver during feeding with chemical carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809993 TI - Exercise-induced glycogenolysis in sympathectomized rats. AB - The role of the adrenergic system in regulating glycogenolysis during exercise was studied in rats. Alterations in the adrenergic system were produced by injections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHD), surgical removal of the adrenal medulla (ADMX), or the combination of ADMX and 6-OHD injection. Exercise was treadmill running at 22 m/min for 60 min. Colonic temperature averaged 2.8 degrees C higher in the exercised than control rats. Exercise reduced the glycogen of the liver and skeletal muscles of all groups. The glycogen concentrations of the soleus and red portion of the gastrocnemius muscles of the ADMX and ADMX-6-OHD groups were about 3.8 and 2.5 times higher after exercise than those of the normal-exercised rats. Glycogen depletion of the white portion of the gastrocnemius muscle was similar for all exercised groups. 6-OHD treatment depleted the catecholamines of the myocardium. These results demonstrate that glycogen depletion during exercise occurs in rats devoid of adrenergic control. However, differences between types of skeletal muscle suggest that factors other than the adrenergic system may be involved in controlling glycogen metabolism during exercise. PMID- 6809997 TI - [Discovery of a failure in full evaluation at a nursing conference (I): evaluation of a case of pulmonary tuberculosis under long term care]. PMID- 6809996 TI - The dynamic response of the cardiopulmonary parameters to passive head-up tilt. AB - Transitional changes in stroke volume, heart rate, and cardiac output resulting from head-up tilt were measured in healthy male subjects, using impedance cardiography. Respiratory frequency, tidal volume, ventilation rate, end-tidal O2 and Co2 tensions, O2 uptake, CO2 output, and exchange ratio were also determined breath-by-breath. When the subject was tilted upward from a supine to an upright position, the stroke volume was decreased while the heart rate was increased. The time required to attain the steady state was shorter in the stroke volume change than in the heart rate. In addition, since the heart rate was not increased so high as to be inversely related to the stroke volume, the cardiac output decreased by tilting upward. The ventilation rate remained almost unchanged within a tilt angle of 60 degrees or so. Thus, both the O2 and CO2 fractions in expired air showed transitory changes. As the original body position was restored, the cardiac output was increased to the initial level, the tidal volume showing a transient increase. During the recovery process, PCO2, in expired air increased and PO2 decreased, showing that the change in cardiac output exceeded that in ventilation in quantity. The change in ventilation moreover, preceded that of expired PCO2 by ca. 10 sec, suggesting that the enhancement of ventilation occurred through some agent(s) other than the chemical drive. PMID- 6809999 TI - [Fine structure of zonulae occludentes in endothelium of pulmonary alveolar capillary and alveolar epithelium and its changes following ANTU administration- freeze fracture study of rat lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810000 TI - [A rare type vascular ring due to right aortic arch and aortic diverticle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6809994 TI - Changes in pattern of breathing following baroreceptor stimulation in cats. AB - The effects of baroreceptor stimulation produced by a sudden rise in arterial pressure on respiratory pattern were studied at various levels of PaCO2 and PaO2 in 8 anesthetized cats. A sudden rise in arterial pressure decreased both tidal volume and respiratory frequency. For a given increase in arterial pressure, the decrease in tidal volume was constant at all levels of PaCO2 and PaO2 examined, whereas the decrease in respiratory frequency became progressively lower as the level of chemical drive increased, regardless of the type of chemical stimuli. Analysis of respiratory duration revealed that the decrease in respiratory frequency during baroreceptor stimulation was solely due to prolongation of expiration. These observations were obtained in the intact as well as in the vagotomized animals but were not seen after bilateral sinus nerve section. They suggest that the central respiratory mechanisms controlling respiratory frequency are directly involved in the reduction in respiratory frequency during baroreceptor stimulation. PMID- 6809998 TI - [Normal values for ventilatory responses in Japanese and analyses of physiological factors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810002 TI - Coproduction of carcinoembryonic antigen and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen by a continuous cell line from a human pancreatic tumor. AB - A simultaneous production of nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) by the same individual cells of an established human pancreatic cell line (QGP-1) was demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase method. Kinetics of cell proliferation and production of CEA and NCA were analyzed, and active synthesis of both antigens was found to be accompanied with the active proliferation of cultured cells. Both antigens in culture medium were purified by immunoadsorption and gel filtration. Immunochemical studies confirmed that CEA and NCA produced by the QGP-1 cells had properties identical to those of authentic CEA derived from metastatic colorectal carcinoma and to those of NCA from normal lungs, respectively. PMID- 6810001 TI - Effects of proglumide and metiamide on vagally stimulated gastric acid secretion in chickens. PMID- 6810003 TI - Repair of chromosome damage induced by X-irradiation during G2 phase in a line of normal human fibroblasts and its malignant derivative. AB - A line of normal human skin fibroblasts (KD) differed from its malignant derivative (HUT-14) in the extent of cytogenetic damage induced by X-irradiation during G2 phase. Malignant cells had significantly more chromatid breaks and gaps after exposure to 25, 50, or 100 rad. On the assumption that each chromatid contains a single continuous DNA double helix, chromatid breaks would represent unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks; the gaps may represent single-strand breaks. Results from alkaline elution of cellular DNA immediately after irradiation showed that the normal and malignant cells in asynchronous population were equally sensitive to DNA single-strand breakage by X-irradiation. Caffeine or beta-cytosine arabinoside (ara-C), inhibitors of DNA repair, when added directly following G2 phase exposure, significantly increased the incidence of radiation induced chromatid damage in the normal cells. In contrast, similar treatment of the malignant cells had little influence. Ara-C differed from caffeine in its effects; whereas both agents increased the frequency of chromatid breaks and gaps, only ara-C increased the frequency of gaps to the level observed in the irradiated malignant cells. Addition of catalase, which destroys H2O2, or mannitol, a scavenger of the derivative free hydroxyl radical (.OH), to the cultures of malignant cells before, during, and following irradiation significantly reduced the chromatid damage; and catalase prevented formation of chromatid gaps. The DNA damage induced by X-ray during G2 phase in the normal KD cells was apparently repaired by a caffeine- and ara-C-sensitive mechanism(s) that was deficient or absent in their malignant derivatives. PMID- 6810004 TI - Hormone dependence of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary tumor growth: correlation with prostaglandin E2 content. AB - Prostaglandin content in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors was correlated with growth responses to alterations in endogenous estrogen and prolactin. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) content varied inversely with tumor latency. Ovariectomy of tumor-bearing Sprague-Dawley rats resulted in regression of tumors in 90% of the castrated rats. PGE2 content in tumors from ovariectomized rats was elevated twofold (P less than 0.05) compared to PGE2 content in tumors from intact controls. Haloperidol treatment promoted tumor growth even after ovariectomy and returned tumor PGE2 values to control levels. Tumors grouped by growth status irrespective of hormone status showed an inverse relationship between PGE2 content and growth response. PMID- 6810007 TI - Derivation of transplantable 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced chicken fibrosarcoma lines: differences in metastasizing properties and organ specificity. AB - Several transplantable 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced SC chicken fibrosarcoma (CHCT-NYU) lines were studied for their ability to grow in internal organs after iv injection (artificial metastases) into 1- to 3-week-old chickens. Some tumor lines were recently derived, whereas others were studied after many serial subcutaneous transplantations. STriking similarities as well as differences were found between tumor lines' ability to grow in various organs. Artificial metastases were seen primarily in the stomach, pancreas, lungs, heart, and muscle, and occasionally also in the kidneys and in the liver. Agammaglobulinemic recipients showed more extensive organ involvement than normal recipients of the same age. Whole-body gamma-irradation also enhanced the incidence of artificial metastases, particularly in lungs. Antibody from the serum of a primary tumor-bearing host reduced the growth of the corresponding tumor in many organs. The metastatic pattern of line CHCT-NYU4 was a relatively stable property, since there was little difference in the internal localization of these tumor cells studied before and after 15 serial subcutaneous transplants. However, intravenous transplantation of tumor cells from line CHCT-NYU4 taken from the liver, lungs, and pancreas of a single recipient established sublines with changes in organ specificity. After a few such serial transplants of liver derived tumor, a line was derived that grew virtually in the liver alone. A subline with preference for growth in lungs was also obtained, but its ability to grow in the pancreas persisted. A pancreas-derived tumor line also grew in the liver and lungs. Subcutaneous transplants of tissue fragments of the lung-derived tumor line caused the appearance of spontaneous metastases in lungs. The incidence of spontaneous metastases with the lung-derived line was much greater than that with the liver-derived line or with the original CHCT-NYU4 line. PMID- 6810006 TI - Proliferation of ductal outgrowths by carcinogen-induced rat mammary tumors in gland-free mammary fat pads. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the gland-free mammary fat pad as a preferential site for transplantation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) induced rat mammary tumors, since previous studies indicated their frequent failure to grow when transplanted in ectopic sites. Accordingly, samples from 14 primary mammary tumors (9 randomly selected and 5 ovarian-independent) were transplanted into the inguinal pairs of gland-free mammary fat pads of syngeneic female Lewis rats (9-12 wk of age). Although the percentage of takes was high (88%), the growth and morphogenetic capabilities of the transplants were strikingly different. Whereas transplants of ovarian-independent tumors consistently developed palpable carcinomas, transplants of all but 1 of the tumors selected at random (most of which were presumably ovarian-dependent) gave rise mainly to apparently normal ductal and hyperplastic outgrowths. The growth behavior of the transplants could not be correlated with the presence or absence in the tumors of mononuclear cells of the immune system. Unless the mammary fat pad selected against the growth of tumor cells, it seemed that the main alternative to tumor formation by the transplants was the proliferation of nontumorous outgrowths. These results draw attention to differences in the phenotypic stability of primary mammary tumors induced by DMBA and open up for further study the question of whether these differences reflect their cellular heterogeneity or their potential to undergo differentiation. PMID- 6810005 TI - Growth and differentiation of hyperplastic outgrowths derived from mouse mammary epithelial cells transformed in organ culture. AB - Potentially neoplastic outgrowths of BALB/c mouse mammary hyperplasia(s) (MH) derived from 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-transformed epithelial cells in organ culture were characterized for responses to the hormones normally required for morphogenesis and functional differentiation of the mammary tissue. In a new culture model of the gland-free mammary fat pad, DNA synthesis in the MH outgrowths increased to a single peak during 6 days of incubation in a serum-free medium containing insulin, prolactin, aldosterone, and cortisol. The rise in DNA synthesis was accompanied by increased cell number and lobuloalveolar morphogenesis filling 50-70% of the fat pad; the rate of growth was variable among the MH outgrowth lines. Certain MH tissue showed some growth response in medium with aldosterone, cortisol, or estrogen, and progesterone in the presence of insulin. The hormone mixture insulin-prolactin was conducive to maximal growth, which suggested an altered sensitivity of the MH outgrowths to the mammogenic steroid hormones. Functional differentiation in the MH outgrowths was assessed in vivo by determination of the casein messenger RNA (mRNAcsn) levels measured by a specific complementary DNA probe. In MH-1 and MH-5 outgrowth lines, mRNAcsn was measurable in lactating hosts. In MH-9 outgrowth essentially the same concentration of mRNAcsn was present both in virgin and lactating hosts. Although mRNAcsn was present in MH outgrowths in lactating hosts, the concentration of the mRNA was only 0.056-0.88% of that present in the lactating host's own mammary gland. Virtually no mRNAcsn was measurable in the mammary tumors, regardless of the endocrine environment of the host animal. The results indicate a transformation-associated altered pattern of mammary cell-specific gene expression. PMID- 6810011 TI - Sperm nuclear packing and regulation during spermatogenesis and fertilization. PMID- 6810012 TI - [Hyperalimentation]. PMID- 6810008 TI - Modulation of cell-mediated alloimmunity by BCG. II. Induction of specific, nonadherent, non-T-killer cells by BCG and alloantigen. AB - The cellular basis of the augmentation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) by systemically administered BCG was investigated in C57BL/6 mice. BCG pretreatment potentiated the CMI to alloantigens as measured by a 48-hour microcytotoxicity assay (MCA) against P815Y tumor cells. The effector cell was not a T-cell, as demonstrated by its lack of sensitivity to antithymocyte serum and complement and its failure to kill in a short-term 51Cr release assay. The effector cell also was not a classical macrophage, because it was not depleted by treatment with silica. CMI as measured by the MCA was consistently depleted by magnetic separation after incubation with carbonyl iron. The active cell(s) showed variable adherence properties. The augmentation of alloimmunity was alloantigen specific. The specificity appeared to be due to the interaction between effector cells without inherent specificity and sensitized T-cells. PMID- 6810014 TI - Renal extraction ratios for 51Cr-EDTA, PAH, and glucose in early insulin dependent diabetic patients. AB - Renal clearances and extraction ratios for 51Cr-EDTA and PAH were studied in six young patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. The duration of the disease was 1 to 4 years, and no patient had signs of diabetic complications. Catheterization of the right renal vein and the left brachial artery was performed. The extraction ratios for 51Cr-EDTA, PAH, and glucose were determined at two different levels of blood glucose. Clearance for 51Cr-EDTA was increased by 9.7% and for PAH by 8.5% compared to normal control subjects while the extraction ratios for 51Cr-EDTA and PAH were normal. Extraction ratio for glucose was very low. There was no correlation between the individual HbA1 values and the clearances for 51Cr-EDTA and PAH. Extraction ratios for these substances were not influenced by acute changes in blood glucose level. The normal PAH extraction ratio indicates that PAH clearance is a reliable estimate of RPF in early insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 6810010 TI - Free amino acid pools of rodent mammary tumors. AB - Intracellular pools of free amino acids were compared individually in mammary tumors of Wistar Furth and Sprague-Dawley rats and C3H and DBA/2 mice. Of 11 transplantable and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced adenocarcinomas of the rat, all nonmetastasizing tumors could be distinguished from metastasizing tumors by the accumulation of high glutamine pools and significant-to-high cystathionine pools. In primary mammary tumors of C3H mice and transplanted mammary tumors of DBA/2 mice, intracellular free arginine was frequently below that of the circulating plasma level and approached that in the arginine-destroying organ, the liver. Arginine pool depletion was also noted in normal mammary tissue, particularly in the actively lactating mouse. Individual rat or mouse mammary tumors also contained high levels of taurine, beta-alanine, and gamma aminobutyric acid, which, like cystathionine, are distinctive for or are enriched in neural tissue. None of these pool enrichments were characteristic of normal rat or mouse mammary tissue. Free hydroxyproline was low in primary induced rat mammary tumors and higher in transplanted mammary tumors and in normal lactating mammary glands, particularly in the mouse. In contrast, the hydroxyproline residues of collagen, taken as an index of mesenchymal cell contribution, were very low in all tumors. PMID- 6810013 TI - [Sustak pharmacodynamics in effort stenocardia]. AB - Sustak pharmacodynamics was studied in 32 patients with stable angina pectoris of effort during acute tests with dosaged physical exercises repeated a tone-hour intervals. The results were compared with those in placebo. It is shown that the duration and pronounced character of the antianginal sustak effect varies widely in different patients. The maximum effect of the drug in a dose of 6.4 mg was encountered one hour after medication and was characterized by reduced depression of the ST segment by 54% during physical exercise and alleviation of the pain syndrome. The drug caused a statistically significant reduction of arterial pressure, an increase in the pulse rate at rest and a decrease of this value during exercise. The antianginal effect of sustak was particularly manifest in patients with low tolerance of physical exertion and in patients in whom the attack of angina pectoris was attended by marked dyspnea. PMID- 6810009 TI - Mouse skin tumor-initiating activity of 5-, 7-, and 12-methyl- and fluorine substituted benz[a]anthracenes. AB - As an approach for elucidation of structure activity relationships that underlie the exceptionally large difference in carcinogenic activity between benz[a]anthracene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (7,12-DMBA), 11 methyl- and/or fluorine-substituted benz[a]anthracenes were evaluated for tumor initiating activity on mouse skin. Outbred CD-1 and outbred Sencar mice received a single topical application of the hydrocarbons followed by twice weekly applications of the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate for 16-26 weeks. 7,12-DMBA was almost two orders of magnitude more active as a tumor initiator than 7- and 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene. Methyl substitution at the 7- and 7,12-positions of benz[a]anthracene was significantly more effective in the enhancement of tumorigenic activity than fluorine substitution at these positions. Although 7-fluorobenz[a]anthracene, 12-fluorobenz[a]anthracene, and 7,12-difluorobenz[a]anthracene had only 0.15, 0.26, and less than 0.005 times the tumor-initiating activity of their respective methyl-substituted derivatives, they were severalfold more active than benz[a]anthracene. 7 Fluorobenz[a]anthracene was slightly less active than 12-fluorobenz[a]anthracene, whereas 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene was about twofold more than 12 methylbenz[a]anthracene. For 7,12-di-substituted benz[a]anthracenes, 7-methyl-12 fluorobenz[a]anthracene was more than twice as tumorigenic as 7-fluoro-12 methylbenz[a]anthracene, but each was individually more active than 7 methylbenz[a]anthracene and 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene, respectively. Both fluorinated compounds were much less active than 7,12-DMBA. Substitution of fluorine or methyl at the 5-position of 7-methylbenz[a]anthracene and substitution of fluorine at the 5-position of 12-methylbenz[a]anthracene dramatically reduced their tumorigenic activity. PMID- 6810015 TI - Effect of treatment of the concentration of lipoproteins and the postheparin lipolytic activity in the plasma of noninsulin-dependent diabetics. AB - To study the effect of treatment on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration and on postheparin-lipolytic activity (PHLA) in plasma, 26 noninsulin-dependent diabetics were investigated who were treated with maximally effective doses of glibenclamide. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: In group I, glibenclamide was replaced by a long-acting insulin preparation given once daily at variable doses until satisfactory metabolic control was achieved. In group II, glibenclamide was replaced by placebo. At weeks 0, 1, 3, 7, and 12 after change of treatment, the following parameters were determined: Blood glucose, plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, HDL cholesterol, very-low-density lipoproteins, intermediate-density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins2 (HDL2), HDL3 and PHLA. At week 0, no statistically significant differences existed between group I and group II with respect to all parameters mentioned above. The replacement of glibenclamide by insulin resulted in a continuous decrease of blood glucose (p less than 0.01) with a concomitant increase in HDL2 (p less than 0.01) and in PHLA (p less than 0.01) during the period of investigation. In contrast, replacement of glibenclamide by placebo exerted no significant influence on all determined parameters during 12 weeks. These data suggest that in noninsulin-dependent diabetics, who are inadequately controlled by sulfonylureas, an adequate insulin substitution is necessary to correct, apart from glucose metabolism, the impaired lipoprotein metabolism of diabetes mellitus. Sulfonylureas per se seem not to decrease the HDL2 fraction nor the PHLA. PMID- 6810016 TI - [Gas exchange and hemodynamic changes resulting from the rehabilitative therapy of ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6810017 TI - Study of abnormal growth of DAB hepatic carcinoma. PMID- 6810018 TI - Lymphocyte blast formation in rats with DAB-induced hepatic carcinoma. PMID- 6810019 TI - Ultrastructural changes of the endocrine glands of rats treated with synthetic TRH or TRH-analog (DN-1417). PMID- 6810020 TI - Histopathological lesions associated with Encephalitozoon cuniculi (nosematosis) infection in a colony of Wistar rats. PMID- 6810021 TI - A novel amyloid fibril protein isolated from senescence-accelerated mice. AB - A protein was isolated from amyloid fibrils extracted from the liver of an inbred strain of mice (senescence-accelerated mouse) characterized by a high frequency of age-associated systemic amyloidosis. This 5200-dalton protein has a different electrophoretic mobility from the murine protein AA. Its amino acid composition also differs from that of murine protein AA and from the amyloid protein in SJL/J, the only strain for which the spontaneous occurring amyloid has been characterized biochemically and immunochemically. Sequence analysis of the protein also revealed a blocked N-terminus. Immunochemically, the protein did not react with antisera against mouse immunoglobulin components. The antiserum against the protein did not react with murine protein AA, mouse immunoglobulin components, or with mouse normal liver protein. Thus, we have characterized an amyloid protein that is distinguishable from previously reported murine amyloid proteins and is not related to immunoglobulins. The possible relationship between this protein, designated ASSAM, and ASc in human senile cardiac amyloidosis is considered. PMID- 6810023 TI - Prostaglandin response to intravenous nitroglycerin. PMID- 6810022 TI - The biological activity of luminal gastrin. PMID- 6810024 TI - Estradiol and progesterone receptor concentrations and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in estrogen-progestin stimulated endometrium of women with gonadal dysgenesis. AB - Four hypergonadotrophic women between 25 and 37 years of age with gonadal dysgenesis were treated sequentially with estrogens and a progestin. The hormonal environment induced by this therapy was similar to that of ovulating women, as demonstrated by serum levels of estradiol, endometrial histology and pituitary gonadotropin secretion before and after LH-RH double stimulation. The concentrations of estradiol and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) and the activity of the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD) were determined in endometrial curettings obtained from the above patients at 5 different days of their 28-day artificial cycles. The results were correlated to the histology of the endometrium and the serum concentrations of estradiol at the corresponding days of the cycle. The cytoplasmic ER and PR concentrations in the endometrium were 3-6 times higher during the estrogen than progestin phase of the induced endometrial cycle. For the activity of the 17 beta-HSD, the contrary was the case, being 6-10 fold higher during the progestin phase. A 22-day administration of estrogens only did not lead to a rise in enzyme activity or decrease in receptor content as observed under progestin influence after day 14. Since ER and PR concentrations and 17 beta-HSD activities were similar to those in the endometrium of normally ovulating women, these results confirm experimentally the present concept concerning the dependence of the cytoplasmic ER and PR content and 17 beta-HSD activity on female sex hormone action. PMID- 6810026 TI - Behavioral and electrical correlates of absence seizures induced by thalamic stimulation in juvenile rhesus monkeys with frontal aluminum hydroxide implants: a pharmacologic evaluation. AB - A new method for producing electro-clinical correlates of absence seizures (petit mal epilepsy) in conscious juvenile rhesus monkeys is described. A behavioral arrest reaction associated with concomitant 2 1/2 to 3 Hz spike and wave electroencephalograph (EEG) after discharge pattern, was obtained by thalamic stimulation in monkeys with bilaterally symmetric aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) lesions in anterior premotor cortical areas. The characteristic behavioral and EEG features associated with absence seizures appeared reproducibly, 63 +/- 5 days after aluminum hydroxide cortical implantation. This test system distinguishes between anticonvulsants that are effective in generalized seizures of the absence type and anticonvulsant drugs that are effective in focal seizures. Clinically useful anti-absence drugs, such as ethosuximide, sodium valproate, clonazepam, and trimethadione, are effective in this model. Diphenylhydantoin, which is contraindicated in absence states, increases the spike and wave after-discharge pattern. The limitations, advantages, and potential usefulness of this model in predicting anti-absence activity as well as the incidence of side effects of new drugs is discussed. PMID- 6810025 TI - Steroid receptors in tumors of nerve sheath origin. PMID- 6810027 TI - Intravenous arachidonate-induced respiratory distress: comparative study of three in vivo models for the measurement of antithrombotic activity. AB - Three different in vivo methods for the study of antithrombotic drugs have been compared. A syndrome of acute respiratory distress has been induced by intravenous injection of arachidonate in three different animal species: mouse, rabbit, and hamster. The intensity of the induced stress was quantified by different procedures: visual observation in the mouse, death or survival in the rabbit, and mechanical recording of the respiration in the hamster. The protective effect of a new antithrombotic agent, triflusal, a salicylic acid derivative, was studied. At the doses used, triflusal has no effect on the respiratory center activity of control animals. The results show that a new method using a mechanical device to record the intensity and duration of the respiratory distress in hamsters is the most suitable of the three methods studied. PMID- 6810029 TI - The influence of absorption/enterosorption and partial occlusion of the portal vein on the quantity and composition of the intestinal lymph. PMID- 6810030 TI - Artifactual hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma. AB - A calcium-binding IgG K monoclonal protein in a patient with multiple myeloma and asymptomatic hypercalcemia was recognized, isolated, and characterized. In addition to binding by the whole IgG molecules, calcium was bound by purified Fab fragments and recombined heavy and light chains. In a competitive binding study, the isolated myeloma protein did not bind magnesium. Recognition of calcium binding myeloma proteins is important in order to avoid therapy for hypercalcemia. PMID- 6810028 TI - Longevity of the formaldehyde-preserved Hancock porcine heterograft. PMID- 6810032 TI - Newly synthesised DNA in ageing human cells in culture treated with 4 nitroquinoline-1-oxide. AB - Two lines of normal human embryonic lung fibroblasts, MRC-5 and F2002, were serially subcultured until senescence was attained. When cells were exposed to varying concentrations of the chemical carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4 NQO), the rate of DNA synthesis (as measured by thymidine incorporation) was reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in cells from both early and late passages. While the overall amount of incorporation was considerably lower in old cells, the extent of inhibition caused by 4-NQO treatment (relative to appropriate controls) was not related to culture age. Alkaline sucrose density gradient analysis of newly synthesised DNA from cells pre-treated with 4-NQO failed to detect any significant variation in the size of labelled DNA from cells examined immediately after incubation with radioactive thymidine. The shift of this labelled material to high molecular weight in 4-NQO-treated cells also showed no age-related difference. PMID- 6810031 TI - Comparison of health care delivery in Britain and the United States. PMID- 6810033 TI - New drug evaluation: cimetidine. PMID- 6810034 TI - Clinical evaluation vs. economic evaluation: the case of a new drug. AB - To economically evaluate a new drug or other medical innovation one must assess both the changes in costs and in benefits. Safety and efficacy matter, but so do resources costs and social benefits. This paper evaluates the effects on expenditures of the recent introduction of cimetidine, a drug used in the prevention and treatment of duodenal ulcers. This evaluation is of interest in its own right and also as a "guide" for studying similar effects of other innovations. State Medicaid records are used to test the effects on hospitalization and aggregate medical care expenditures of this new medical innovation. After controlling to the extent possible for potential selection bias, we find that: 1) usage of cimetidine is associated with a lower level of medical care expenditures and fewer days of hospitalization per patient for those duodenal ulcer patients who had zero health care expenditures and zero days of hospitalization during the presample period; an annual cost saving of some $320.00 (20 per cent) per patient is indicated. Further analysis disclosed, however, that this saving was lower for patients with somewhat higher levels of health care expenditures and hospitalization in the presample period, and to some extent was reversed for the patients whose prior year's medical care expenditures and hospitalization were highest. PMID- 6810035 TI - [Complicated jejunal diverticula. Apropos of 4 recent cases]. PMID- 6810036 TI - [Rh-null disease (---/---). Report of the 1st case registered in Spain]. PMID- 6810037 TI - [Dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth depending on the concentrations of phytohormones]. PMID- 6810038 TI - [Evaluation of the usefulness of the immunoelectroprecipitation reaction for the routine diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections]. PMID- 6810039 TI - Naturally occurring quinones as potential bioreductive alkylating agents. PMID- 6810043 TI - CO2 laser turbinectomies for chronic, obstructive rhinitis. AB - A CO2 laser approach to partial inferior nasal turbinectomies for patients with severe, obstructive, chronic, perennial rhinitis that is refractory to nonsurgical therapeutic regimens is presented. CO2 laser vaporization of the anterior one fourth to one half of the inferior turbinate was done under topical and local anesthesia, as an office outpatient procedure. It does not require nasal packing. It allows the patient to return to his daily routine upon completion of the procedure. Along with these advantages, bleeding risks are decreased compared to conventional nasal turbinectomy techniques. PMID- 6810040 TI - Toxicological considerations for the medicinal chemist. PMID- 6810041 TI - The argon laser in acoustic tumor surgery. AB - CO2 laser surgery has been employed successfully in the larynx for the past ten years. Because of the nature of the CO2 beam, it is necessary to mount the laser itself onto the operating microscope, thereby making it difficult to adapt to otologic microsurgery. The ability of the argon laser to be transferred through a fiber optic bundle has made it possible to introduce a whole new concept to microsurgery of the ear and adjacent structures. The argon laser has been used by the authors, on a routine basis, in all acoustic neuroma surgery for the past ten months (30 cases). The purpose of this paper is to present their preliminary experience. Surgical technique is covered in detail describing the many advantages the laser has provided in the management of these difficult lesions. PMID- 6810042 TI - The use and evaluation of CO2 laser in cleft palate surgery. AB - Experimental studies with Rhesus monkeys showed that lateral relaxation sutures used for the reconstruction of the cleft palate can be set without any loss of blood and that epithelialization is almost complete 10 days after the operation. Clinical measurements of blood loss showed a mean blood loss of 13.4% for 30 conventionally operated cleft palates and 8.6% for 10 operated with a CO2 laser. With partial use of the laser, this corresponds to a reduction in the operation related blood loss of 36%. The findings show that routine use of the CO2 laser for reconstruction of a cleft palate can currently be recommended for paramarginal relaxation sutures in bridge and pedicled flap methods, thereby reducing the blood loss considerably below the mean shock threshold of 10%. PMID- 6810044 TI - The management of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: the use of the carbon dioxide laser. AB - This report concerns the experience of an abnormal Pap smear clinic in treating cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The CO2 laser was the primary treatment method in 283 consecutive cases during 1977-1981, which fulfilled the criteria for conservative management. Seven percent of cases were performed in hospital as out-patients; the remainder were performed in the clinic without anesthesia. The location and shape of the defect was individualized in each case to conform to the topography of the cervix. The basic configuration, however, was the same for all cases; a dome-shaped defect with a curved apex and straight sides of at least 6 mm in height. Laser surgery was well tolerated; few post-operative complications arose. The squamocolumnar junction reappeared in each case at the level of the external os, facilitating follow-up. Eleven cases (3.9%) exhibited persistent disease within 3 months of primary treatment. Thereafter no primary laser failures occurred. Follow-up in this series ranged from 18 to 36 months. Failure rates for CIN grades are as follows: CIN I, 1.3%; CIN II, 2.0%; CIN III, 7.3%. No case of persistent disease was of greater severity than was originally diagnosed. Ten of the 11 cases were successfully managed with repeat laser surgery, yielding an overall therapeutic success rate of 99.6%. These data indicate that laser surgery is the most efficacious conservative method for eradicating this disease. PMID- 6810045 TI - Comparative experimental study on the use of the carbon dioxide laser beam in partial nephrectomy. AB - A report is given on an experimental study in 20 dogs designed to compare the use of the CO2 laser beam as a cutting instrument in resection of the kidney parenchyma, with the simple scalpel and the cutting diathermy current. It was found that the laser can be used with impunity. It shortens the time of operation by facilitating hemostasis, diminishes blood loss, and does not interfere with the final kidney function. The damage to the kidney parenchyma compares favorably with the produced by the other instruments. PMID- 6810046 TI - The clinical use of CO2 laser beam in the surgery of kidney parenchyma. AB - Encouraged by the experimental work done on 40 kidneys in 20 dogs using the CO2 laser beam for partial nephrectomies, we decided to use the laser in four patients. Three of them underwent lower partial nephrectomy, and the fourth underwent bivalving of kidney through the anatrophic line. The use of this new instrument was very helpful in reducing blood loss, shortening the time of hemostasis, and minimizing parenchymal damage. Case No. 1 is the first published case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis that underwent partial nephrectomy with success. PMID- 6810047 TI - Various effects of the CO2-, the neodymium-YAG-, and the argon-laser irradiation on bladder tissue. AB - Application of lasers as cutting or coagulation instruments is based on the conversion of light energy into heat in the irradiated tissue. The extent and degree of the thermal action depends on the beam geometry and the energy of the incident light, as well as on the optic and thermal properties of this tissue. The extinction behavior in the tissue differs for the various laser systems employed in medicine. A comparison of the effects on bladder tissue of rats and rabbits is made with Neodymium-YAG laser and the argon and CO2 lasers to demonstrate the advantages of the Neodymium-YAG laser, especially for the therapeutic irradiation of bladder tumors. PMID- 6810048 TI - The use of the CO2 laser in sternotomy in cardiac surgery: a preliminary report. PMID- 6810049 TI - The effect of gentamicin on calcium uptake by renal mitochondria. AB - The effect of the nephrotoxic aminoglycoside antibiotic, gentamicin, on calcium uptake by renal cortical mitochondria was assessed in vitro. Gentamicin was found to be a competitive inhibitor of mitochondrial Ca++ uptake. This effect displayed a dose response with a Ki of 233 microM and occurred at gentamicin concentrations below those that inhibit mitochondrial electron transport. These results further demonstrate the potential for gentamicin to alter membrane function and thereby contribute to toxic cell injury via its interactions with divalent cations. PMID- 6810050 TI - Children: a glance at the past. PMID- 6810051 TI - Differences in tracheostomy guidelines. PMID- 6810052 TI - Measurement: descriptive statistics. PMID- 6810053 TI - A nurse helps prevent sports injuries. PMID- 6810055 TI - Medical foster care: an alternative nursing practice. PMID- 6810054 TI - Does caffeine influence reproduction? PMID- 6810056 TI - Postpartum care: an opportunity to reinforce breast self-examination. PMID- 6810057 TI - What is the prune-belly syndrome? PMID- 6810058 TI - Are we ignoring the needs of the woman with a spontaneous abortion? PMID- 6810059 TI - After the operation--postprocedural sessions to allay anxiety. PMID- 6810060 TI - [Pre- and postnatal caries prevention from the viewpoint of a long-term study]. PMID- 6810061 TI - Mitotic spindles isolated from sea urchin eggs with EGTA lysis buffers. PMID- 6810062 TI - Restriction and modification in Bacillus subtilis 168. Regulation of hsrM(nonB) expression in spoOA mutants and effects on permissiveness for phi15 and phi105 phages. AB - Gene hsr M (nonB) of Bacillus subtilis 168, causing non-permissiveness to phage SP10 (Saito et al. 1979) and reduced plating efficiency of unmodified phage phi105, is responsible for non-permissiveness of B. subtilis 168 for phages phi15 and PZA. Upon transformation to sporulation deficiency (allele spoOA) B. subtilis 168 becomes permissive for phi15 and PZA and loses the ability to restrict phi105. spoOA str-1 double transformants of B. subtilis 168, however, retain the restriction 168 and non-permissiveness for phi15 and PZA phages, in spite of their Spo- phenotype. Therefore it appears that a functional product of the spoOA gene is required for expression of gene hsrM in wild-type bacteria, but is not essential in streptomycin-resistant bacteria. Phage genomes (PZA) were trapped in spores of the restriction deficient strain with much higher efficiency than in the wild-type. PMID- 6810063 TI - Regulation of the nitrate-reducing system enzymes in wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardii. AB - Six mutant strains (301, 102, 203, 104, 305, and 307) affected in their nitrate assimilation capability and their corresponding parental wild-type strains (6145c and 21gr) from Chlamydomonas reinhardii have been studied on different nitrogen sources with respect to NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase and its associated activities (NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase and reduced benzyl viologen-nitrate reductase) and to nitrite reductase activity. The mutant strains lack NAD(P)H-nitrate reductase activity in all the nitrogen sources. Mutants 301, 102, 104, and 307 have only NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase activity whereas mutant 305 solely has reduced benzyl viologen-nitrate reductase activity. Both activities are repressible by ammonia but, in contrast to the nitrate reductase complex of wild type strains, require neither nitrate nor nitrite for their induction. Moreover, the enzyme from mutant 305 is always obtained in active form whereas nitrate reductase from wild-types needs to be reactivated previously with ferricyanide to be fully detected. Wild-type strains and mutants 301, 102, 104, and 307, when properly induced, exhibit an NAD(P)H-cytochrome c reductase distinguishable electrophoretically from constitutive diaphorases as a rapidly migrating band. Nitrite reductase from wild-type and mutant strains is also repressible by ammonia and does not require nitrate or nitrite for its synthesis. These facts are explained in terms of a regulation of nitrate reductase synthesis by the enzyme itself. PMID- 6810065 TI - Postreplication repair defects in mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster which are defective in DNA synthesis have been identified among mutagen-sensitive stocks through analysis of both organ and cell cultures. A new procedure employing larval brain ganglia allows poorly fertile or sterile mutants to be analyzed for the first time. Parallel studies were performed in both tissues to establish the sensitivity of the new assay relative to that of the proven cell-culture assay. Damage was induced in the DNA of cultured cells with UV irradiation and in that of ganglial cells with the carcinogen N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene. Cultures were then pulse-labeled with 3H-thymidine, incubated in the absence of thymidine, and the newly synthesized DNA was analyzed by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. The molecular weight of labeled DNA from mutant cells was compared with that from control cells to assess the effect of the mutant on DNA synthesis. Among 16 mutant stocks that were scanned in either or both tissues, seven show reductions in DNA synthesis using an undamaged template. Mutants at five different genetic loci [mus(2)205, mus(3)304, mus(3)308, mus(3)310 and mus(3)311] possess a reduced capacity to synthesize DNA on a UV-damaged template in primary cell cultures. Four of these five defects can also be detected in carcinogen-treated organ cultures. Two additional defects in postreplication repair were observed with the brain-ganglia assay in strains that cannot be assayed in cell culture [mus(1)108, mus(2)206]. PMID- 6810064 TI - Translational attenuation of ermC: a deletion analysis. AB - ermC is a plasmid gene which specifies resistance to macrolide-lincosamide streptogramin B antibiotics. The product of ermC was previously shown to be an inducible rRNA methylase, which is regulated translationally, and a mechanism for this regulation, termed the translational attenuation model, has been proposed. This model postulates that alternative inactive and active conformational states of the ermC mRNA are modulated by erythromycin-induced ribosome-stalling during translation of a leader peptide. In the present study the translational attenuation model was tested by constructing a series of deletants missing the ermC promoter and portions of the regulatory (leading) region. In these mutants, ermC transcription is dependent on fusion to an upstream promoter. Depending on the terminus of each deletion within the regulatory region, determined by DNA sequencing, ermC expression is observed to be either high level and inducible (like the wild-type), high level and noninducible, or low level and noninducible. The translational attenuation model predicts that as the deletions extend deeper into the leader region, successively masking and unmasking sequences required for translation of the methylase, an alternation of high and low level methylase expression will be observed. These predictions are confirmed. Based on this and other information, the model is refined and extended, and both direct translational activation and kinetic trapping of a metastable active intermediate during transcription are proposed to explain basal synthesis of methylase and to rationalize the effects of certain regulatory mutants. PMID- 6810066 TI - Bactericidal and bacteriostatic antigonococcal activities produced by urogenital staphylococci. AB - We have overcome some of the difficulties in obtaining soluble antigonococcal activity produced by staphylococci by using a very sensitive detection method. This method is based on the light absorbance determinations of liquid cultures of the gonococcus incubated for 6 h in the presence of serial dilutions of the inhibitor as compared to the absorbance of uninhibited control cultures. Antigonococcal activity was detected in the liquid phase prepared from semisolid agar cultures of all twenty two staphylococcal isolates tested. Sixteen supernatants from liquid cultures were also found to be active. The antigonococcal activity detected was differentiated by colony forming units counts into two types, bacteriostatic and bactericidal. After 6 h of incubation of the gonococcus in the presence of five arbitrary units (AU)/ml of the bactericidal activity produced by one of the strains of staphylococci, isolate 37, the loss of viability was over 99.9%, while 10 AU/ml of the bacteriostatic activity produced by isolate 66 did not cause any loss of viability of the gonococcus. PMID- 6810067 TI - Structural changes induced by subinhibitory concentrations of fosfomycin on Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. AB - Exposure of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778 to 1/2 MIC fosfomycin for 3 and 6 h was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. After 3 h, a loss of density and irregularity of shape in the septum was noted, while after 6 h a delayed separation of newly formed cells was observed in both species. In Staphylococcus aureus this resulted in the formation of chains of intact cells and cells in lysis. In Bacillus cereus, it produced filamentous forms with multiple septa. the differences between the effects observed at 3 h and 6 h may be due to time-related variations in cell permeability to fosfomycin, or to the existence of indirect mechanisms enabling fosfomycin to interfere with the enzymatic activity regulating the normal separation of cells, or to a combination of these factors. PMID- 6810068 TI - Identification of taurine occurring sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis. AB - An unidentified ninhydrin-positive substance was detected in trichloroacetic acid extract from the sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B558. The substance was isolated as the corresponding 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivative, the structure of which was identified with a pyridinium salt of DNP-taurine, based on spectral and synthetic evidence. a pyridine molecule should be introduced into a taurine molecule during the isolation procedure and hence, the original amino acid was assigned to taurine. Taurine was accumulated into the cells from the medium during the early stages os sporulation, and thereafter metabolized or excreted. PMID- 6810069 TI - Pyrolysis gas chromatography of Streptococcus faecalis: effect of cultural conditions on pyrochromatograms. AB - Streptococcus faecalis 251 was cultured under a variety of different growth conditions, i.e. incubation for 24 or 70 h; at 22 degrees, 37 degrees or 45 degrees C; on blood agar or on MacConkey agar plates; aerobically or anaerobically. Replicate cultures were analysed by pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography on columns of 7% Carbowax 2 M, TPA on Chromosorb G (AW-DMCS, 80 100 mesh) programmed from 40 degrees C up to 170 degrees C. Culture grown under identical conditions resulted in reproducible pyrochromatograms which were only slightly modified by change in temperature of growth from 37 degrees to 45 degrees C, or length of growth from 24 to 70 h, or growth on MacConkey agar instead of blood agar. Growth under anaerobic conditions resulted in a modified pyrochromatogram; while growth at only 22 degrees C resulted in a major change in pyrochromatogram. PMID- 6810071 TI - The effect of diet on immune responsiveness and aging. AB - Immunologic changes which occur during aging include decreased responsiveness to exogenous antigens and increased autoimmune responses. Autoimmune reactions to autologous antigens may interfere with the physiologic function of these antigens and be a factor in the 'wearing out' of tissue during aging. Amelioration of age associated autoimmunity may result in an increased life span. Dietary manipulation has been shown to produce changes in the immune system of experimental animals. Some benefits include a decreased propensity to spontaneous autoimmune disease with a resultant increased life span. Dietary changes may be capable of producing similar beneficial effects in humans. PMID- 6810072 TI - Transcutaneous analysis of arterial PCO2. AB - Commercially available skin surface PCO2 sensors, when properly maintained, calibrated, and applied, report arterial PCO2 over a wide range of values and in virtually all clinical conditions to an accuracy of +/- 3 torr. Inappropriate mathematical treatment of in vivo skin surface-arterial PCO2 comparisons has led to controversy regarding the precise relationship between these variables. The proper method of calibration involves applying a temperature correction factor of 4.5%/degrees C to the calibration gas setting, and subtracting 4 torr by offsetting zero. For analysis of accuracy, the resulting corrected values should be used to determine the mean and standard deviation of the skin surface:arterial PCO2 ratio. Tests of correlation as a function of PaCO2 require deliberate wide variation of PCO2 within each subject of a test group. Skin surface PCO2 monitors record blood gas tensions continuously and noninvasively, and they can be used to study cardiorespiratory function in normal subjects, in whom arterial blood sampling would be difficult to justify--two distinct advantages of the devices. PMID- 6810070 TI - Properties of Hg- and Cd-spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551. AB - Hg- and Cd-spores of Bacillus megaterium QM B1551 were produced in Schaeffer's medium containing mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride respectively. Metals were added to the medium at 9 hr of incubation (Stage V) to give a final concentration of 50 microM. It was found by electron microscopic and biochemical studies that the coats of both Hg- and Cd-spores were thinner than those of control spores. Of the total Hg and Cd in the spores, 77% of the Hg and 63% of the Cd were detected in the spore coats. Hg- and Cd-spores were less resistant to heat and more sensitive to germinants than control spores. Other properties of Hg and Cd-spores were similar to those of control spores. These results suggest that the spore coat has some relationship to the heat resistance and germinability of spores. PMID- 6810074 TI - [The chronically dialysed patient]. PMID- 6810073 TI - Oxazepam withdrawal syndrome. PMID- 6810075 TI - [Pathophysiologic changes and their monitoring in a prolonged fasting state]. PMID- 6810076 TI - Drugs for asthma. PMID- 6810077 TI - The dosimetry of fixed, single source hemibody and total body irradiators. AB - Increasingly, hemibody and total body irradiation are used to treat systemic and disseminated diseases. Certain dosimetry considerations are common to conventional treatments at short source-to-axis distances and large field treatments at extended treatment distances. These dosimetry considerations include: irradiation geometry, dose rates or outputs in the treatment plane, radiation intensity uniformity, confirmation of the dose ratio parameters such as percentage depth doses, tissue air ratios, tissue maximum ratios, and tissue phantom ratios, the surface doses and the doses in the region of build-up to maximum ionization, the exit doses, the dose prescription point or points, dose uniformity in the patient, and dose confirmation and verification. Some radiotherapists are reluctant to treat patients using large fields at extended treatment distances because they are unfamiliar with the dosimetry of such treatments. This article reviews the dosimetry and radiobiology of large field treatments at the extended treatment distances required by hemibody or total body irradiation, as performed with conventional single source teletherapy units. PMID- 6810078 TI - Compensating filters for high energy x rays. AB - In order to produce individualized compensating filters for use with high energy x rays, a study was undertaken to study lead as a filter material using 10-MV x rays. As was expected, it was found that lead filters could be constructed for 10 MV x rays by extending concepts developed for cobalt-60 gamma rays. A quantity called the "effective attenuation coefficient" (mueff) was determined for a range of field sizes, initial depths in water, and lead thicknesses and for 100-cm SSD and 150-cm SSD treatment techniques. Slight variations of mueff with field area and filter thickness were discernable. However, a single value of this parameter could reproduce the original depth of missing tissue data with an rms error of 2 mm. Tests were then performed on filters whose shapes were calculated using the effective attenuation coefficient. Compensating filters restored the flatness of 10-MV x-ray beams to better than 5%, which was better than comparable filters using cobalt-60 gamma rays. The technique is presented as generally reliable for constructing compensating filters for use with high energy linear accelerators. PMID- 6810079 TI - The effect of missing backscatter on the dose distribution of a p(66)Be(49) neutron therapy beam. PMID- 6810080 TI - National surveillance of cocaine use and related health consequences. PMID- 6810081 TI - Inadvertent BCG administration--Tennessee, Michigan. PMID- 6810082 TI - Licensure of Yomesan. PMID- 6810083 TI - Surgeon General's advisory on the use of salicylates and Reye syndrome. PMID- 6810084 TI - Neonatal deaths associated with use of benzyl alcohol--United States. PMID- 6810085 TI - Child homicide--United States. PMID- 6810086 TI - Update on Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections in previously healthy persons--United States. PMID- 6810087 TI - Recommendation of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Plague vaccine. PMID- 6810088 TI - Poliomyelitis--Jamaica. PMID- 6810089 TI - The formation of diarachidonyl diglyceride by rat neutrophils. AB - Neutrophils isolated from the pleural cavity of rats 3 hr after the intrapleural injection of carrageenan metabolize exogenously added arachidonic acid via cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase. In addition, these cells esterify arachidonic acid to produce diarachidonyl diglyceride. The structure of the diglyceride was determined with the use of various chemical and enzymatic digestions, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and 252Cf plasma-desorption mass spectrometry. The formation of this unique diglyceride is stimulated by the presence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Some of the possible consequences of diarachidonyl diglyceride production are discussed. PMID- 6810090 TI - Immunochemical evidence for induction of a common form of hepatic cytochrome P 450 in rats treated with pregnenolone-16 alpha-carbonitrile or other steroidal or non-steroidal agents. PMID- 6810091 TI - Dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in rat heart extracts by E. coli alkaline phosphatase. Use of an exogenous phosphatase to study substrate-mediated regulation of dephosphorylation. AB - Regulation of the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase in extracts from rat heart has been studied by adding exogenous phosphatase to the extract. These experiments were possible only because the endogenous protein phosphatase activity of the extract could be inhibited by KF under conditions where alkaline phosphatase activity was not. The concentration of substrate (glycogen synthase from the heart extract) and catalyst (purified E. coli alkaline phosphatase) could be varied independently, by adding known amounts of alkaline phosphatase to the KF-containing heart extracts. Alkaline phosphatase could completely dephosphorylate glycogen synthase while phosphorylase was unchanged. The rate of dephosphorylation was proportional to both the concentration of alkaline phosphatase added to the tissue extract and the amount of glycogen synthase in the extract. The Km for glycogen synthase was close to the concentration found in heart tissue. The Km and the maximum rate of dephosphorylation were both dependent on the phosphorylation state of the glycogen synthase. Less phosphorylated enzyme forms were dephosphorylated faster. These results indicate the necessity for precise control of many variables in studying the rate of glycogen synthase dephosphorylation. Alkaline phosphatase-catalyzed dephosphorylation could be inhibited by physiological concentrations of glycogen. Glycogen synthase dephosphorylation in extracts from fasted-refed rats was less sensitive to glycogen inhibition than in extracts from normal animals. The phosphorylation state of the glycogen synthase in these animals was assessed by kinetic studies to show that differences in phosphorylation state probably could not account for the observations. Fasting led to a decreased rate of dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase due to both an apparent change in kinetic properties of glycogen synthase as a substrate for alkaline phosphatase, and an increased inhibitory effect of glycogen. Stable modifications of glycogen synthase caused by altered nutritional states in the animals are thought to produce these effects. PMID- 6810093 TI - Genetic regulation: yeast mutants constitutive for beta-galactosidase activity have an increased level of beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid. AB - Mutants of Kluyveromyces lactis with elevated uninduced levels of beta galactosidase (EC 32.1.2.3) activity, constitutive mutants (lac10c), were isolated and characterized to determine the basis for their constitutiveness. These lesions are not operator-type regulatory mutants because they are not closely linked to the beta-galactosidase structural gene. In a constitutive strain having a 7-fold increase in beta-galactosidase activity, the concentration of beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was 8- to 10-fold higher than uninduced wild type. The half-life of beta-galactosidase mRNA was the same in the mutant strain (t1/2 = 4.5 +/- 0.2 min) as in uninduced wild-type cells (t1/2 = 4.8 +/- 0.1 min), indicating that the elevated mRNA level in the mutant was not due to a decreased rate of mRNA degradation. Consequently, we hypothesize that the LAC10 product regulates transcription of the beta-galactosidase gene; it probably affects the rate of transcription initiation. Parallel increases in enzyme protein, in constitutive levels of beta-galactosidase activity, and in mRNA further support this position, making translational or posttranslational control by LAC10 unlikely. Several types of data suggest that the LAC10 product functions as a negative regulatory element to prevent transcription. Other data demonstrate that lac10c mutations have pleiotrophic effects, there being constitutive levels not only of beta-galactosidase activity, but also the other lactose-inducible activities of galactokinase (EC 2.7.5.1), galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (EC 2.7.7.10), and lactose transport. It would appear that LAC10 regulates lactose-inducible proteins. PMID- 6810092 TI - Salivary proline-rich proteins. AB - Proline-rich proteins are major components of parotid and submandibular saliva in humans as well as other animals. They can be divided into acidic, basic and glycosylated proteins. The primary structure of the acidic proline-rich proteins is unique and shows that the proteins do not belong to any known family of proteins. The proline-rich proteins are apparently synthesized the acinar cells of the salivary glands and their phenotypic expression is under complex genetic control. The acidic proline-rich proteins will bind calcium with a strength which indicates that they may be important in maintaining the concentration of ionic calcium in saliva. Moreover they can inhibit formation of hydroxyapatite, whereby growth of hydroxyapatite crystals on the tooth surface in vivo may be avoided. Both of these activities as well as the binding site for hydroxyapatite are located in the N-terminal proline-poor part of the protein. Little is known about the functions of the glycosylated and basic proline-rich proteins. PMID- 6810095 TI - A family of related proteins is encoded by the major Drosophila heat shock gene family. AB - At least four proteins of 70,000 to 75,000 molecular weight (70-75K) were synthesized from mRNA which hybridized with a cloned heat shock gene previously shown to be localized to the 87A and 87C heat shock puff sites. These in vitro synthesized proteins were indistinguishable from in vivo-synthesized heat shock induced proteins when analyzed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. A comparison of the pattern of this group of proteins synthesized in vivo during a 5-min pulse or during continuous labeling indicates that the 72-75K proteins are probably not kinetic precursors to the major 70K heat shock protein. Partial digestion products generated with V8 protease indicated that the 70-75K heat shock proteins are closely related, but that there are clear differences between them. The partial digestion patterns obtained from heat shock proteins from the Kc cell line and from the Oregon R strain of Drosophila melanogaster are very similar. Genetic analysis of the patterns of 70-75K heat shock protein synthesis indicated that the genes encoding at least two of the three 72-75K heat shock proteins are located outside of the major 87A and 87C puff sites. PMID- 6810094 TI - Chemical carcinogens transform BHK cells by inducing a recessive mutation. AB - Treatment of BHK cells with mutagenic carcinogens induced neoplastic transformation in a single step. This transformation displayed the characteristics expected for a recessive mutation. Increasing doses of carcinogens induced transformants with kinetics similar to the kinetics with which they induced 6-thioguanine-resistant or ouabain-resistant mutants in the same population of cells. Transformants with temperature-restricted phenotypes were easily induced by carcinogens which cause mutations by base changes, but when ICR frameshift mutagens were used, the proportion of temperature-limited transformants was inversely related to the frequency with which a particular mutagen induced frameshift mutations. In hybrids between pseudodiploid isogenic strains of normal and transformed BHK cells, transformation was expressed as a dominant trait when the transformed parent was induced by a papovavirus, but was suppressed as a recessive trait when the transformed parent arose spontaneously or was chemically induced. Segregation of transformation was observed upon growth of suppressed normal hybrids, and the transformed phenotype which was reexpressed was in most cases characteristics of the original transformed parent. PMID- 6810097 TI - Phosphorylation of the major heat shock protein of Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The major heat shock protein, hsp 70, of Dictyostelium discoideum was found to be rapidly phosphorylated. Analysis of [35S]methionine- and 32Pi-labeled hsp 70 revealed that two similar but distinct proteins of about 70,000 daltons each are synthesized at a high rate after a heat shock, and that each has a phosphorylated member. The phosphorylation chiefly modifies threonine residues. Rapid turnover of the phosphate group occurs, resulting in a steady-state condition in which only about half of the hsp 70 is phosphorylated at a given time. PMID- 6810096 TI - Multiple immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene transcripts in Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed lymphoid cell lines. AB - Lymphoid cells transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV) contain three classes of RNA transcripts from immunoglobulin mu genes. P mu-mRNAs (productive) correspond to the normal 2.7-kilobase (kb) membrane (mu m) and 2.4 kb secreted (mu s) mu mRNA species both in size and coding capacity and occur at approximately equal abundance in most mu-positive (pre-B-like) A-MuLV transformants. A mu-mRNAs (aberrant) generally fall into one of two categories- aberrantly small 2.3-kb mu m and 2.0-kb mu s mRNAs which encode aberrantly small mu polypeptide chains, or normal-sized, V H-containing mu RNAs which do not encode immunologically identifiable mu polypeptide chains. In one case, the latter type of A mu-mRNA was demonstrated to result from an in-phase termination codon in the D segment of the mu mRNA. Also, most, if not all, A-MuLV transformants express members of a 3.0 to 1.9-kb set of C mu-containing, but V H negative S mu-RNAs (for sterile), the expression of which may occur simultaneously with but independently of P mu-mRNAs or A mu-mRNAs. The S mu-RNA sequences do not encode immunologically identifiable mu chains and can be produced by cells with unrearranged heavy-chain alleles, such as T-lymphocytes, although the structure of the S mu-RNAs from T-lymphoid cells appears to be different from that of B-lymphoid cell S mu-RNAs. Certain A-MuLV transformants also express gamma-RNA sequences that are probably analogous to the three different forms of mu RNA. These data support the concept that heavy-chain allelic exclusion, like that of light chains, is not mediated by control at the DNA or RNA levels but is probably a consequence of feedback control from cytoplasmic mu chains. PMID- 6810098 TI - Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants defective in the internalization of ricin. AB - Chinese hamster ovary mutants simultaneously resistant to ricin and Pseudomonas toxin have been isolated. Two mutant cell lines (4-10 and 11-2) were found to retain normal levels of binding of both ricin and Pseudomonas toxin. They were defective in the internalization of [125I]ricin into the mutant cells, as measured by both a biochemical assay for ricin internalization and electron microscopic autoradiographic studies. Although pretreatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with a Na+/K+ ionophore, nigericin, resulted in an enhancement of the cytotoxicities of ricin and Pseudomonas toxin in the wild-type Chinese hamster ovary cells, preculture of the mutant cells did not alter the susceptibility of the mutant cells to either toxin. These results provide further evidence that there is a common step in the internalization process for ricin and Pseudomonas toxin. PMID- 6810099 TI - Identification of Rho(D) antigen in polyacrylamide gels by an enzyme-linked immunoassay. AB - Human erythrocyte membranes were solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate at 100 degree C and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gels were sliced into segments and each segment was incubated with anti-Rho(D) IgG, washed, and then incubated with goat anti-human IgG covalently linked to alkaline phosphatase. Para-nitrophenyl phosphate was added to each slice and the absorbance of the solution surrounding each slice was measured at 405 nm. This technique demonstrated that the Rho (D) antigen is a protein with a mol, wt between 13, 000 and 30,000. This method should be applicable to the investigation of other membrane-bound antigens. PMID- 6810100 TI - Intrasubunit homogeneity in heterogeneous IgM antibodies to the DNP moiety derived from a murine hybridoma cell line. PMID- 6810101 TI - Characterization of RNP and Sm ribonucleoprotein nuclear antigens. AB - Antibodies to the RNase-sensitive RNP and to the RNase-resistant Sm nuclear antigens were used to affinity purify these antigens from a saline extract of rabbit thymus acetone powder. Determination of the protein subunits recovered by either glycine-HCl, pH 2.8, or 2.5 M MgCl2 elution on gradient sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis containing mercaptoethanol revealed that RNP was composed of five proteins with mol. wts from 10,000 to 15,000 whereas Sm contained the same or similar five chains plus six additional subunits with mol. wts from 21,000 to 42,000. RNase treatment of the thymus extract increased the recovery in Sm of the same bands compared to untreated extract. Thus, RNP and Sm appear to have different numbers of protein components and RNP may be a subset of Sm. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the 125I-labeled, pH 2.8 eluted antigens gave peaks of 3 and 6S for RNP and Sm, respectively. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the crude untreated thymus extract followed by quantitative single radial immunodiffusion analysis of each fraction produced a broad peak from 16S to the top of the gradient while pretreatment of the extract with RNase resulted in a discrete 6S peak. These results indicate that in rabbit thymus acetone powder native RNP and Sm exist as larger polydisperse complexes with additional material including RNA and that after acid elution or RNase treatment the antigens are found in a smaller monodisperse form. PMID- 6810102 TI - Immunochemical studies of infectious mononucleosis--X. Characterization of a glycoprotein from horse erythrocytes which reacts with Paul-Bunnell antibody. AB - A highly purified preparation of horse erythrocyte glycoprotein was prepared from an aqueous ethanolic extract of hemoglobin-free membranes. The subunit apparent mol. wt was 30,000. In aqueous solution the glycoprotein formed globular aggregates of 93 +/- 16 A diameter. The glycoprotein had a receptor for the Paul Bunnell antibody of infectious mononucleosis which was associated with an O glycosidically linked oligosaccharide and dependent on the presence of N glycolylneuraminic acid. In addition the glycoprotein had a neuraminidase sensitive receptor for human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Fifty per cent inhibition of the rosetting of sheep red cells by 4 x 10(5) lymphocytes was caused by 30 microgram of glycoprotein. PMID- 6810105 TI - [Scuttling hospital beds]. PMID- 6810103 TI - Hormones in human amniotic fluid. PMID- 6810104 TI - [Combined oral-parenteral nutrition in premature infants needing prolonged artificial ventilation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810106 TI - [Diabetes self-control. Urinary and blood sugar determination by the patient]. PMID- 6810108 TI - [Disorders of water and electrolyte equilibrium in liver diseases. Part 3: therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810109 TI - [Neurotrophic facial ulcers in trigeminal lesions. Diagnosis, etiology, differential diagnosis in 2 representative case reports]. PMID- 6810107 TI - [Echocardiography: principles and application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810110 TI - [Immunoreactive serum calcitonin in breast cancer]. PMID- 6810111 TI - [Erythrocyte abnormalities in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6810112 TI - [Azathioprine in the treatment of disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6810113 TI - [The transrectal sonography of the prostata (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810114 TI - [Blood sugar determination with microprocessor-guided reflectometers]. PMID- 6810115 TI - [Polyagglutination. Serologic diagnosis and clinical significance demonstrated by means of Tn-activation]. PMID- 6810116 TI - [Hypersensitivity against vasopressin and the synthetic vasopressin-analog DDAVP]. PMID- 6810117 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Testicular torsion]. PMID- 6810118 TI - [The Tubingen Study. Incidence of venous diseases in the German resident population]. PMID- 6810119 TI - [Prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Belgian project on psychosocial factors, knowledge, compliance and hypertension]. PMID- 6810120 TI - [Development of heart diseases and overall mortality. Observations over 3 decades in the US and West Germany - has the trend reversed here also?]. PMID- 6810121 TI - [Trace elements. Clinical significance based on current knowledge. 1. Zinc, copper, aluminum]. PMID- 6810122 TI - [Bilharziasis. Initial results with biltricide]. PMID- 6810124 TI - [Authority and information. Group procedure with obese hypertensive patients together with the general practitioner]. PMID- 6810123 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in bezafibrate therapy. Controlled study of glibenclamide-treated diabetics with hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6810125 TI - [Psychological group methods for the treatment of essential hypertension in general medical practices (author's transl)]. PMID- 6810126 TI - [Is the removal of foreign words from drug package slips advantageous? Results of an empirical test (author's transl)].